bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Function and Variability in Antipsychotic Drug–Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Lee Maria , Cernvall Martin , Borg Jacqueline , Plavén-Sigray Pontus , Larsson Cornelia , Erhardt Sophie , Sellgren Carl M. , Fatouros-Bergman Helena , Cervenka Simon 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceCognitive impairment contributes significantly to clinical outcome and level of function in individuals with psychotic disorders. These impairments are present already at psychosis onset at a group level; however, the question of heterogeneity in cognitive function among patients has not been systematically investigated.ObjectiveTo provide an updated quantification of cognitive impairment at psychosis onset before patients receive potentially confounding antipsychotic treatment, and to investigate variability in cognitive function compared with healthy controls.Data SourcesIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed articles were searched up to September 15, 2022.Study SelectionOriginal studies reporting data on cognitive function in antipsychotic drug–naive patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were independently extracted by 2 researchers. Cognitive tasks were clustered according to 6 domains of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery and the domain of executive function. Random-effects model meta-analyses of mean differences and coefficient of variation ratios (CVRs) were performed, as well as meta-regressions, assessment of study quality, and publication bias.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome measure was Hedges g for mean differences in cognition and CVR for within-group variability.ResultsFifty studies were included in the analysis with a total of 2625 individuals with FEP (mean [SD] age, 25.2 [3.6] years, 60% male; 40% female) and 2917 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 26.0 [4.6]; 55% male; 45% female). In all cognitive domains, the FEP group displayed significant impairment compared with controls (speed of processing: Hedges g = −1.16; 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.98; verbal learning: Hedges g = −1.08; 95% CI, −1.28 to −0.88; visual learning: Hedges g = −1.05; 95% CI, −1.27 to −0.82; working memory: Hedges g = −1.04; 95% CI, −1.35 to −0.73; attention: Hedges g = −1.03; 95% CI, −1.24 to −0.82; reasoning/problem solving: Hedges g = −0.90; 95% CI, −1.12 to −0.68; executive function: Hedges g = −0.88; 95% CI, −1.07 to −0.69). Individuals with FEP also exhibited a larger variability across all domains (CVR range, 1.34-1.92).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this systematic review and meta-analysis identified cognitive impairment in FEP before the initiation of antipsychotic treatment, with large effect sizes. The high variability within the FEP group suggests the need to identify those individuals with more severe cognitive problems who risk worse outcomes and could benefit the most from cognitive remediation.
Performance characteristics of the 5‐ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT scanner using AAPM TG‐126 report
Authors: AlMazrou Refaat Y. , Alanazi Shadei F. , Alzaid Mohammed H. , Al‐Fakhranee Razan S. , Ding Shanli , Mawlawi Osama R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo report on the performance characteristics of the 5‐ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT systems using the AAPM TG‐126 report and compare these results to NEMA NU 2‐2012 where applicable.Materials and MethodsTG‐126 testing was performed on two GE 5‐Rings Discovery MI scanners. Tests performed included spatial resolution, PET/CT image‐registration accuracy, sensitivity, count rate performance, accuracy of corrections, image contrast, scatter/attenuation correction, and image uniformity. All acquired data were analyzed using scanner console or free software tools as described by TG‐126 and the results were then compared to published NEMA NU 2‐2012 values.ResultsBoth scanners gave similar resolution results for TG‐126 and NEMA NU 2‐2012 and were within manufacturer specifications. Image‐registration accuracy between PET and CT using our clinical protocol showed excellent results with values ≤1 mm. Sensitivity using TG‐126 was 19.43 cps/kBq while for NEMA the value was 20.73 cps/kBq. The peak noise‐equivalent counting rate was 2174 kcps at 63.1 kBq/mL and is not comparable to NEMA NU 2‐2012 due to differences in phantoms and methods used to measure and calculate this parameter. The accuracy of corrections for count losses for TG‐126 were expressed in SUV values and found to be within 10% of the expected SUV measurement of 1. Image contrast and scatter/attenuation correction using the TG‐126 method gave acceptable results. Image uniformity assessment resulted in values within the recommended ± 5% limits.ConclusionThese results show that the 5‐ring GE Discovery MI PET/CT scanner testing using TG‐126 is reproducible and has similar results to NEMA NU 2‐2012 tests where applicable. We hope these results start to form the basis to compare PET/CT systems using TG‐126.
Sliding mode control for Markovian jump systems under a switched scheduling protocol
Authors: Zhang Ying , Chen Bei 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis article is concerned with the sliding mode control for Markovian jump systems under transmission constraints. To deal with node congestions, a switched channel scheduling scheme integrating round‐robin (RR) protocol and weight try‐once‐discard (WTOD) protocol is proposed to orchestrate the priority of multiple sensor nodes. At each transmission instant, a system performance‐based detector is adopted to select one scheduling protocol between RR and WTOD in a certain event‐triggering manner, by which only one sensor node has the priority to access the network. Compared with conventional protocols, the proposed scheduling scheme establishes a dynamic coupling mechanism between channel resource and scheduling rules, aiming to strike a balance between improving system performance and reducing communication resource requirements. Then, a token‐dependent sliding mode controller is constructed, and a genetic algorithm‐based optimization problem is given to achieve smaller convergent domain. Finally, numerical examples are shown to verify the present control strategy.
Dynamic triggered‐based tracking approach for connected vehicle system via extended observer
Authors: Tan Zheyu , Li Meng , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis paper investigates the tracking control problem of connected vehicle system suffer from disturbance and communication load. A new dynamic triggered‐based tracking approach was presented. First, an extended state observer is designed to estimate the equivalent disturbance, and the convergence of observed error is proved. Then, a tracking approach based on backstepping control is proposed. Furthermore, in order to reduce the consumption of network resources, a novel tracking method on dynamic event‐triggering strategy is developed, and all signals in connected vehicle system are ultimately uniformly bounded without Zeno behavior is verified. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is testified by simulation results.
The Impact of Molecular Packing on Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Corresponding Stimulus Response Effect
Authors: Ren Jia , Gao Mingxue , Liu Zhenjiang , Yang Yujie , Wu Ruimin , Liang Jiayi , Yang Jie , Fang Manman , Li Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic luminescent materials exhibiting persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have garnered considerable interest due to their versatile applications. However, the mechanism is still unclear, especially for the molecular structure‐molecular arrangement‐property relationship. Herein, six derivatives of phenothiazine 5,5‐dioxide are synthesized, revealing their distinct RTP properties and the associated underlying mechanisms. Careful analyses of their single crystal structures, combined with initial theoretical calculations, indicate that the persistent RTP effect is facilitated by effective intermolecular π–π interactions in the solid state led by folded conformation. Specifically, PTZO‐CF3‐3F exhibits distinctive photo‐activated phosphorescence both in crystal and grinding state in response to the changes of molecular arrangement. Besides, a porous structure is found to be present in PTZO‐CF3‐2F crystal, offering it great sensitivity to oxygen for both RTP intensity and lifetime. Accordingly, the visual oxygen warning device is fabricated successfully. Furthermore, PTZO‐CF3‐3F with photo‐activated RTP effect in a grinding state is successfully utilized in the applications of anti‐counterfeiting and optical logic gates, expanding the scope of stimulus‐responsive phosphorescence materials for broader applications.
Enabling Low Nonradiative Recombination Losses in Organic Solar Cells by Efficient Exciton Dissociation
Authors: Cui Xinyue , Ran Guangliu , Lu Hao , Liu Yuqiang , Jiang Huanxiang , Zhang Huarui , Li Dawei , Liu Yahui , Lin Yi , Ma Zaifei , Zhang Wenkai , Cheng Pei , Bo Zhishan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe achievement of high performance in organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly dependent on efficient exciton dissociation. However, a comprehensive understanding of the exciton dissociation process under photoexcitation in OSCs remains elusive. Herein, a prototypical system of PM6:Y6 is adopted to explore the exciton dissociation process. An organic semiconductor PCz with distinctive photoexcitation signals from PM6 and Y6 is incorporated as the third component. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrates clear cascade charge transfer processes in ternary PM6:PCz:Y6 system. These cascade channels contribute to enhancing the efficiency of exciton dissociation. Consequently, the nonradiative recombination energy loss is reduced, resulting in an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. Furthermore, the reduction of energy loss is verified in different OSCs. When PCz is introduced into the D18:L8‐BO system, a low nonradiative recombination energy loss of 0.175 eV is demonstrated, contributing a PCE of over 19%. This work highlights that the insight of efficient exciton dissociation enables low nonradiative recombination losses for efficient OSCs.
Unlocking Prussian Blue Analogues Inert‐Site to Achieve High‐Capacity Ammonium Storage
Authors: Shen Yuanhao , Zou Juan , Lan Haihui , Ding Yiran , Liang Zijia , Yang Zhongzhuo , Zeng Ziyue , Long Juncai , Zhao Yuanxin , Fu Lei , Zeng Mengqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous ammonium‐ion batteries (AIBs) are considered a promising alternative for large‐scale energy storage due to their cost‐effectiveness and high safety. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are widely regarded as potential cathode materials for AIBs because of their high working potential and stable 3D framework. However, the low capacity of PBAs (≈60 mAh g−1 in the existing reported works) hinders their further development. Herein, the ion insertion is first proposed to double the capacity of PBAs by unlocking the inert‐site. Using NH4+‐rich copper hexacyanoferrate as a representative, trace amounts of induced ion in the electrolyte can change the electronic states of atoms at the inert site to achieve much higher capacity. What's more, the construction of NH4+‐rich high‐entropy Prussian blue (N‐HEPBA) further facilitates structural stability. N‐HEPBA unlocked by corresponding induced ions can exhibit an impressive specific capacity (129 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), which is the highest and approximately twice that of reported PBAs for aqueous AIBs. Meanwhile, it delivers excellent cycling stability with nearly 100% capacity retention achieved over 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1. This innovative unlocking method can provide an effective way to obtain high‐capacity PBAs in AIBs, thus promoting the development of large‐scale energy storage.
Graphoepitaxially Side‐By‐Side Nanofins Along Atomic Terraces for Enhancement‐Mode FinFETs with 108 On/Off Ratio
Authors: Xu Jinyou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe innovation of 3D FinFETs using top‐down silicon nanofins represents a significant advancement toward scaling down microchip process nodes to the cutting‐edge 3‐nm level. While bottom‐up semiconductor nanofins also hold promise as building blocks for FinFETs, their controlled growth remains challenging. Drawing inspiration from the guided roots along brick gaps, this study shows that the aligned atomic terraces on an annealed miscut LaAlO3 surface can trigger an exceptional graphoepitaxial effect, encouraging the bottom‐up vapor‐phase growth of self‐aligned nanostructures such as CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, and ZnTe. Subsequently, the resultant CdS nanofins, characterized by narrow widths of ≈20 nm and large height‐to‐width ratios exceeding 16, can be seamlessly assembled into arrayed FinFETs on the insulating LaAlO3 substrate, obviating the need for post‐growth alignment steps. Unlike most nanostructure‐based planar transistors, which often operate in depletion mode characterized by negative thresholds, these FinFETs operate in enhancement mode with positive thresholds (≈5 V), ≈10−14‐A standby currents, and ≈108 on/off current ratios. The achieved ratio surpasses the record for planar enhancement‐mode CdS transistors by 4 orders of magnitude, primarily due to the enhanced electrostatic control over the nanofins. Overall, the graphoepitaxially side‐by‐side nanofins show tremendous potential to expand the repertoire of FinFETs based on non‐silicon semiconductors.
Phase Engineered CuxS–Ag2S with Photothermoelectric Activity for Enhanced Multienzyme Activity and Dynamic Therapy
Authors: Zang Pengyu , Yu Chenghao , Zhang Rui , Yang Dan , Gai Shili , Liu Bin , Shen Ruifang , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe insufficient exposure sites and active site competition of multienzyme are the two main factors to hinder its therapeutic effect. Here, a phase‐junction nanomaterial (amorphous‐crystalline CuxS–Ag2S) is designed and prepared through a simple room temperature ion‐exchange process. A small amount of Ag+ is added into Cu7S4 nanocrystals, which transforms Cu7S4 into amorphous phased CuxS and produces crystalline Ag2S simultaneously. In this structure, the overhanging bonds on the amorphous CuxS surface provide abundant active sites for optimizing the therapeutic activity. Meanwhile, the amorphous state enhances the photothermal effect through non‐radiative relaxation, and due to its low thermal resistance, phase‐junction CuxS–Ag2S forms a significant temperature gradient to unlock the optimized thermo‐electrodynamic therapy. Furthermore, benefiting from the high asymmetry of the amorphous state, the material forms a spin‐polarized state that can effectively inhibit electron–hole recombination. In this way, the thermoelectric effect can facilitate the enzyme‐catalyzed cycle by providing electrons and holes, enabling an enhanced coupling of thermoelectric therapy with multienzyme activity, which induces excellent anti‐tumor performance. More importantly, the catalytic process simulated by density‐functional theory proves that Ag+ alleviates the burden on the Cu sites through favorable adsorption of O2 and prevents active site competition.
TADF Regulation by Tuning Keto‐Energy Levels, ISC/RISC Equilibrium in Coordination Polymers with Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT)
Authors: Fu Peng‐Yan , Yi Shao‐Zhe , Wang Zhong‐Hao , Huang Yan‐Ting , Fan Ya‐Nan , Pan Mei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and long persistent luminescence (LPL) are emerging photophysical hotspots, which involve the singlet/triplet excited states and two‐way energy transfer processes between them via intersystem crossing (ISC) or reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Herein, a new tactic is reported for the regulation of keto‐energy levels and ISC/RISC equilibrium via the introduction of electron‐withdrawing fluorine in a series of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) ligands and corresponding Cd(II) coordination polymers. Among them, the fluorine p‐substituted to the hydroxy group along the nodal plane on the phenol site improves the thermodynamic stability of the keto‐isomers of the ligand, thereby lowering the keto‐energy level and promoting the ESIPT process effectively. Uniquely, the lower‐energy keto excited state makes the ISC/RISC equilibrium shift to the direction of RISC progress, and thus arousing efficient TADF in the constructed coordination polymer. A comprehensive transient photophysical and theoretical study verifies the greatly promoted RISC progress, rather than suppressed ISC is aroused in the p‐substituted system, suggesting a clear‐cut strategy in the design of coordination polymers with good TADF performance.
Water regime and fertilizer‐phosphorus source effects on greenhouse gas emissions from rice
Authors: Della Lunga Diego , Brye Kris R. , Roberts Trenton L. , Brye Jonathan , Evans‐White Michelle , Lessner Daniel J. , Henry Christopher G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa) systems have been correlated to water management practice, but to date, no study has directly evaluated three main GHGs (i.e., methane [CH4], nitrous oxide [N2O], and carbon dioxide [CO2]) under flood‐ and furrow‐irrigated conditions at the same time as affected by various fertilizer‐phosphorus (P) sources, in particular the reportedly slow‐release struvite‐P source. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water regime (flooded and furrow‐irrigated) and fertilizer‐P source (diammonium phosphate, chemically precipitated struvite, electrochemically precipitated struvite [ECST], triple superphosphate, and an unamended control) on GHG emissions and two‐ and three‐gas global warming potentials (GWP* and GWP, respectively) in the greenhouse. Methane emissions were 10 times greater (p < 0.05) under flooded (29.4 kg CH4 ha−1 season−1) than under furrow‐irrigated conditions (2.9 kg CH4 ha−1 season−1), and four times lower (p < 0.05) with ECST (3.4 kg CH4 ha−1 season−1) than other fertilizer‐P sources, while CO2 emissions were three times greater (p < 0.05) under furrow‐irrigated (23,428 kg CO2 ha−1 season−1) than under flooded (8290 kg CO2 ha−1 season−1) conditions. The GWP* under furrow‐irrigated conditions was almost 40% lower (p < 0.05) than under flooded conditions. Although N2O emissions were unaffected by fertilizer‐P source, the N2O contribution to GWP* was more than 80% under furrow‐irrigated conditions. Flood‐ and furrow‐irrigated water regimes require diversified approaches in GHG mitigation, where the best management for ECST needs to be more fully evaluated.
Cotton cultivar response to potassium fertilizer under irrigated and dryland conditions
Authors: Davis Savana , Gajula Praveen , Dodds Darrin , Krutz Jason , Gore Jeff , Varco Jac , Raper Tyson , Dhillon Jagmandeep 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars vary in their response to environmental factors. Recently, interest in cotton cultivars' response to varying potassium (K) fertilizer application rates and irrigation has increased. As such, the effect of cotton varieties (early and mid‐maturing), K fertilizer application rates, and irrigation on cotton growth, development, and yield were investigated in Starkville, MS, on two soil mapping units (SMUs): a Leeper silty clay loam (LSCL) and a Marietta fine sandy loam (MFSL). Cotton plant height was positively correlated with SMU, especially LSCL, reaching 60–110 cm on average, in both irrigated and rainfed conditions. Cotton lint yield, fiber quality, and leaf K concentration responded to K and irrigation, and these responses were SMU specific. Particularly, in LSCL, the early‐maturing cultivar, DP 1518 B2XF, responded to K application rate in a positive linear manner in terms of lint yield under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, whereas mid‐maturing DP 1646 B2XF did not. Moreover, lint yield in irrigated MFSL soil increased with K application rate, whereas no responses were observed in rainfed conditions. These data suggest that irrigation, SMU, and cultivar combination could have an impact on K response of cotton and should be considered when making fertility recommendations or decisions.
Age barriers in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Raising the silver curtain
Authors: Munshi Pashna N. , McCurdy Shannon R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is no longer exclusively for the young. With an aging population, development of non‐intensive remission‐inducing strategies for hematologic malignancies, and novel graft‐versus‐host disease‐prevention platforms, an older population of patients is pursuing HCT. The evolving population of HCT recipients requires an overhaul in the way we risk‐stratify and optimize patients prior to HCT. Here, we review the history and current state of HCT for older adults and propose an assessment and intervention flow to bridge the gaps in today's clinical guidelines.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Silole and Disila‐Cyclooctene Derivatives
Authors: Sun Kewei , Kurki Lauri , Silveira Orlando J. , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kubo Takashi , Foster Adam S. , Kawai Shigeki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of Si atoms into organic compounds significantly increases a variety of functionality, facilitating further applications. Recently, on‐surface synthesis was introduced into organosilicon chemistry as 1,4‐disilabenzene bridged nanostructures were obtained via coupling between silicon atoms and brominated phenyl groups at the ortho position on Au(111). Here, we demonstrate a high generality of this strategy via syntheses of silole derivatives and nanoribbon structures with eight‐membered sila‐cyclic rings from dibrominated molecules at the bay and peri positions on Au(111), respectively. Their structures and electronic properties were investigated by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This work demonstrates a great potential to deal with heavy group 14 elements in on‐surface silicon chemistry.
Binding FSI− to Construct a Self‐Healing SEI Film for Li‐Metal Batteries by In situ Crosslinking Vinyl Ionic Liquid
Authors: Qin Yinping , Wang Hefeng , Zhou Jingjing , Li Ruyi , Jiang Chun , Wan Yi , Wang Xiaoyi , Chen Zhenlian , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Yang , Guo Bingkun , Wang Deyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) membrane on the Li metal anode tends to breakdown and undergo reconstruction during operation, causing Li metal batteries to experience accelerated decay. Notably, an SEI membrane with self‐healing characteristics can help considerably in stabilizing the Li‐electrolyte interface; however, uniformly fixing the repairing agent onto the anode remains a challenging task. By leveraging the noteworthy film‐forming attributes of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−) anions and the photopolymerization property of the vinyl group, the ionic liquid 1‐vinyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (VMI‐FSI) was crosslinked with polyethylene oxide (PEO) in this study to form a self‐healing film fixing FSI− groups as the repairing agent. When they encounter lithium metal, the FSI− groups are chemically decomposed into LiF & Li3N, which assist forming SEI membrane on lithium sheet and repairing SEI membrane in the cracks lacerated by lithium dendrite. Furthermore, the FSI− anions exchanged from film are electrochemically decomposed to generate inorganic salts to strengthen the SEI membrane. Benefiting from the self‐healing behavior of the film, Li/LiCoO2 cells with the loading of 16.3 mg cm−2 exhibit the initial discharge capacities of 183.0 mAh ⋅ g−1 and are stably operated for 500 cycles with the retention rates of 81.4 % and the average coulombic efficiency of 99.97 %, operated between 3.0–4.5 V vs. Li+/Li. This study presents a new design approach for self‐healing Li metal anodes and durable lithium metal battery.