bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading Complex Educational Change Via National Participative Reforms? A Case of Finnish Core Curriculum Reform Leadership
Authors: Salonen-Hakomäki Sanna-Mari , Soini Tiina , Pietarinen Janne , Pyhältö Kirsi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNational-level educational administrators constantly face the question of how to ensure that the basic education system successfully meets complex local, national, international, and global challenges, and what is the best way to initiate and drive systemic changes in education amid such complexity and to create value for society. Studies have shown that participative approaches to reform leadership are beneficial; however, in practice, participative incentives are randomly used in national reform contexts. In this article, we present a Finnish case of national participative leadership regarding the Finnish Core Curriculum Reform of 2014 (hereafter FCCR2014). We interviewed key leaders in the FCCR2014 process (n = 23) and analyzed the data from social, personal, interpersonal, and organizational viewpoints with this question in mind: How did administrators responsible for leading the reform develop and lead the participative FCCR2014 process? Sub questions were: (1) What were their goals in developing and leading the reform, and (2) how did they succeed in developing and leading the reform in line with their goals—what was effective and what was not? The results show how participative leadership in a national curriculum reform calls for top leaders to include stakeholders, build and support strong and open collaboration processes, take the risk of losing some of their control, reject strict dichotomizations between strategy formulation and implementation, and consider change leadership a responsible act of giving stakeholders a fair chance to participate in the decision-making that affects their lives. Key aspects to participative leadership included building participation, not quasi-participation; building coherence in complexity—together; and fitting change to the education system with responsible leadership.
Analysis of cholesterol-recognition motifs of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
Authors: Delgado-Coello Blanca , Luna-Reyes Ismael , Méndez-Acevedo Kevin M. , Bravo-Martínez Jorge , Montalvan-Sorrosa Danai , Mas-Oliva Jaime 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is crucial for the fine tuning of intracellular calcium levels in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we show the presence of CARC sequences in all human and rat PMCA isoforms and we performed further analysis by molecular dynamics simulations. This analysis focuses on PMCA1, containing three CARC motifs, and PMCA4, with four CARC domains. In PMCA1, two CARC motifs reside within transmembrane domains, while the third is situated at the intracellular interface. The simulations depict more stable RMSD values and lower RMSF fluctuations in the presence of cholesterol, emphasizing its potential stabilizing effect. In PMCA4, a distinct dynamic was found. Notably, the total energy differences between simulations with cholesterol and phospholipids are pronounced in PMCA4 compared to PMCA1. RMSD values for PMCA4 indicate a more energetically favorable conformation in the presence of cholesterol, suggesting a robust interaction between CARCs and this lipid in the membranes. Furthermore, RMSF analysis for CARCs in both PMCA isoforms exhibit lower values in the presence of cholesterol compared to POPC alone. The analysis of H-bond occupancy and total energy values strongly suggests the potential interaction of CARCs with cholesterol. Given the crucial role of PMCAs in physiological calcium regulation and their involvement in diverse pathological processes, this study underscores the significance of CARC motifs and their interaction with cholesterol in elucidating PMCA function. These insights into the energetic preferences associated with CARC-cholesterol interactions offer valuable implications for understanding PMCA function in maintaining calcium homeostasis and addressing potential associated pathologies.
Exploring the Potential of Residual Impurities in Germanium Detectors for MeV-Scale Dark Matter Detection
Authors: Mei Dongming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe direct detection of MeV-scale dark matter (DM) particles hinges on achieving an exceptionally low-energy detection threshold. Germanium (Ge) detectors, meticulously tailored with precise impurity compositions, hold the potential to enhance sensitivity to energy levels below the sub-electronvolt (sub-eV) range. This study explores the behavior of residual impurities inherent to Ge detectors at helium temperatures, unveiling a captivating freeze-out phenomenon leading to the formation of excited localized states known as dipole states. Using compelling evidence from relative capacitance measurements obtained from two detectors, we elucidate the transition of impurity atoms from free charge states to these dipole states as the temperature drops from 11 to 6.5 K. Our investigation comprehensively covers the intricate formation of these dipole states in both n-type and p-type impurities. Furthermore, we shed light on the electric field generated by these dipole states, revealing their ability to trap charges and facilitate the creation of cluster dipole states. Confirming findings from previous measurements, we establish that these excited dipole states exhibit a binding energy of less than 10 meV, offering an exceptionally low detection threshold for MeV-scale DM. Building upon this concept, we propose the development of a 1-kg Ge detector with internal charge amplification—an innovative approach poised to surpass electrical noise and enable the detection of MeV-scale DM with unprecedented sensitivity.
The Association of Prenatal Diagnoses with Mortality and Long-Term Morbidity in Children with Specific Isolated Congenital Anomalies: A European Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Heino Anna , Morris Joan K. , Garne Ester , Baldacci Silvia , Barisic Ingeborg , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , García-Villodre Laura , Given Joanne , Jordan Sue , Loane Maria , Lutke L. Renée , Neville Amanda J. , Santoro Michele , Scanlon Ieuan , Tan Joachim , de Walle Hermien E. K. , Kiuru-Kuhlefelt Sonja , Gissler Mika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare 5-year survival rate and morbidity in children with spina bifida, transposition of great arteries (TGA), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) or gastroschisis diagnosed prenatally with those diagnosed postnatally.

Methods
Population-based registers’ data were linked to hospital and mortality databases.

Results
Children whose anomaly was diagnosed prenatally (n = 1088) had a lower mean gestational age than those diagnosed postnatally (n = 1698) ranging from 8 days for CDH to 4 days for TGA. Children with CDH had the highest infant mortality rate with a significant difference (p < 0.001) between those prenatally (359/1,000 births) and postnatally (116/1,000) diagnosed. For all four anomalies, the median length of hospital stay was significantly greater in children with a prenatal diagnosis than those postnatally diagnosed. Children with prenatally diagnosed spina bifida (79% vs 60%; p = 0.002) were more likely to have surgery in the first week of life, with an indication that this also occurred in children with CDH (79% vs 69%; p = 0.06).

Conclusions
Our findings do not show improved outcomes for prenatally diagnosed infants. For conditions where prenatal diagnoses were associated with greater mortality and morbidity, the findings might be attributed to increased detection of more severe anomalies. The increased mortality and morbidity in those diagnosed prenatally may be related to the lower mean gestational age (GA) at birth, leading to insufficient surfactant for respiratory effort. This is especially important for these four groups of children as they have to undergo anaesthesia and surgery shortly after birth. Appropriate prenatal counselling about the time and mode of delivery is needed.
Hydroponics in physiological studies of trace element tolerance and accumulation in plants focussing on metallophytes and hyperaccumulator plants
Authors: van der Ent Antony , Kopittke Peter M. , Schat Henk , Chaney Rufus L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
When studying metallophytes and hyperaccumulator plants, it is often desired to assess the level of tolerance of a specific trace metal/metalloid in a putative tolerant species, to determine root and shoot accumulation of the trace metal/metalloid of interest, or to establish whether a trace metal/metalloid has an essential function. The use of hydroponics has proven to be a powerful tool in answering such questions in relation to the physiological regulation of metal/metalloids in plants. Carefully designing experiments requires considering nutrient solution formulation, dose rate regime, and environmental conditions, but this is often overlooked.

Aims
This review aims to bring together key information for hydroponics studies in physiological, evolutionary, and genetics/molecular biological research of trace metal/metalloid tolerance and accumulation in plants, focussing on metallophytes and hyperaccumulator plants.

Conclusions
It is not possible to define a ‘universal’ nutrient solution that is both sufficient and non-toxic for all plants, although it is often possible, dependent on plant species under study and the research question to be addressed, to ‘adapt’ commonly used ‘standard formulations’. Well-designed and executed hydroponics experiments can yield powerful insights in the regulation of essential and toxic metal/metalloid trace elements, and this extends far beyond hyperaccumulator plants.
Precedent and rest stop convergence in reflective equilibrium
Authors: Baumgaertner Bert , Lassiter Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe method of reflective equilibrium is typically characterized as a process of two kinds of adjustments: hold fixed one’s current set of commitments/intuitions and adjust rules/principles to account for them, then hold fixed those rules while making adjustments to one’s set of commitments. Repeat until no further adjustments are required. Such characterizations ignore the role of precedent, i.e., information about the commitments and rules of others and how those might serve as guides in one’s own process of deliberation. In this paper we develop a model that narrows in on a local part of a reflective equilibrium process in which a group of peer agents start with identical lists of commitments and work towards finding the rule that captures that set. If successful, we say they reach rest stop interpersonal convergence. The trouble is that, without precedent, reaching this convergence rests on implausible deterministic assumptions. We analyze how far the inclusion of a kind of soft precedent goes towards aiding the group in reaching said convergence when those assumptions are relaxed.
PanAf20K: A Large Video Dataset for Wild Ape Detection and Behaviour Recognition
Authors: Brookes Otto , Mirmehdi Majid , Stephens Colleen , Angedakin Samuel , Corogenes Katherine , Dowd Dervla , Dieguez Paula , Hicks Thurston C. , Jones Sorrel , Lee Kevin , Leinert Vera , Lapuente Juan , McCarthy Maureen S. , Meier Amelia , Murai Mizuki , Normand Emmanuelle , Vergnes Virginie , Wessling Erin G. , Wittig Roman M. , Langergraber Kevin , Maldonado Nuria , Yang Xinyu , Zuberbühler Klaus , Boesch Christophe , Arandjelovic Mimi , Kühl Hjalmar , Burghardt Tilo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present the PanAf20K dataset, the largest and most diverse open-access annotated video dataset of great apes in their natural environment. It comprises more than 7 million frames across $$\sim $$
∼
20,000 camera trap videos of chimpanzees and gorillas collected at 18 field sites in tropical Africa as part of the Pan African Programme: The Cultured Chimpanzee. The footage is accompanied by a rich set of annotations and benchmarks making it suitable for training and testing a variety of challenging and ecologically important computer vision tasks including ape detection and behaviour recognition. Furthering AI analysis of camera trap information is critical given the International Union for Conservation of Nature now lists all species in the great ape family as either Endangered or Critically Endangered. We hope the dataset can form a solid basis for engagement of the AI community to improve performance, efficiency, and result interpretation in order to support assessments of great ape presence, abundance, distribution, and behaviour and thereby aid conservation efforts. The dataset and code are available from the project website: PanAf20K
Surface conditioning in machining: optimizing component performance through advanced process modeling and control
Authors: González Germán , Schulze Volker 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis Special Issue showcases a broad spectrum of fundamental research targeting the in-line measurement and assessment of surface conditions in machining operations. It presents and discusses various measurement approaches, including those based on acoustic emission, micromagnetic fields, the Seebeck effect, and other techniques. These methods are explored for their effectiveness in assessing and ensuring the quality of machined surfaces. The collected research delves into surface modeling techniques and investigates diverse strategies for predicting the effects of process parameters on surface integrity. It also focuses on the strategic selection of these parameters to enhance final component performance. There is a significant emphasis on the evolution of in-process control methods, which are crucial for elevating the quality and functionality of machined surfaces and facilitating unmanned manufacturing. These advancements are instrumental in improving manufacturing efficiency and augmenting the quality of the final products.
On Perturbation of Operators and Rayleigh-Schrödinger Coefficients
Authors: Carlsson Marcus , Rubin Olof 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLet A and E be self-adjoint matrices or operators on $$\ell ^2({{\mathbb {N}}})$$

ℓ
2

(
N
)

, where A is fixed and E is a small perturbation. We study how the eigenvalues of $$A+E$$

A
+
E

depend on E, with the aim of obtaining second order formulas that are explicitly computable in terms of the spectral decomposition of A and a certain block decomposition of E. In particular we extend the classical Rayleigh-Schrödinger formulas for the one-parameter perturbation $$A+tE$$

A
+
t
E

where $$t\in {{\mathbb {R}}}$$

t
∈
R

varies and E is held fixed, by dropping t and considering E as the variable.
Effect of Sequential Treatment of Plasma Activated Water and Bacteriophage on Decontamination of Salmonella Typhimurium in Lettuce
Authors: Evran Eylul , Dasan Beyhan Gunaydin , Tayyarcan Emine Kubra , Boyaci Ismail Hakki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnsuring food safety measures are essential to minimize the risk of foodborne diseases linked to raw food products. Here, we investigated the efficacy of an innovative approach for the control of Salmonella Typhimurium found in fresh produces. Plasma activated water (PAW) and bacteriophages are emerging effective and valuable alternative methods for microbiological decontamination. The efficacy of PAW and a lytic bacteriophage (109 PFU/mL), both separately and sequentially, against S. Typhimurium in fresh produce was investigated. S. Typhimurium (105–107 CFU/g) were inoculated on lettuce leaves and treated with PAW, S. Typhimurium phage SK-T2 or their combination. PAW or bacteriophage inactivated S. Typhimurium, on lettuce leaves at different initial populations, by 2.90–3.46 or 1.45–3.25 log CFU/g, respectively. After sequential treatments of PAW and bacteriophage, S. Typhimurium populations, initially applied at ~ 105 CFU/g reduced by 4.47 log CFU/g, but when the order of application was changed (i.e., bacteriophage followed by PAW), the combination synergistically decreased the Salmonella numbers below the detection limit of the method used for the enumeration (i.e., < 101 CFU/g). At the high-level inoculum (~ 7 log CFU/g), consecutive treatments of PAW and phage decreased the S. Typhimurium population by 3.28 log CFU/g, and a reduction of 6.20 log CFU/g was achieved after reversing the order of treatment. Regardless of the bacterial inoculum level, sequential applications of bacteriophage and PAW resulted in a higher level of inactivation. This study proved that the bacteriophage–PAW combination constitutes a promising alternative approach to the conventional washing process in fresh produce wash waters in the food industry.
Graphical Abstract
Comparison of tree-based ensemble learning algorithms for landslide susceptibility mapping in Murgul (Artvin), Turkey
Authors: Usta Ziya , Akıncı Halil , Akın Alper Tunga 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTurkey’s Artvin province is prone to landslides due to its geological structure, rugged topography, and climatic characteristics with intense rainfall. In this study, landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) of Murgul district in Artvin province were produced. The study employed tree-based ensemble learning algorithms, namely Random Forest (RF), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). LSM was performed using 13 factors, including altitude, aspect, distance to drainage, distance to faults, distance to roads, land cover, lithology, plan curvature, profile curvature, slope, slope length, topographic position index (TPI), and topographic wetness index (TWI). The study utilized a landslide inventory consisting of 54 landslide polygons. Landslide inventory dataset contained 92,446 pixels with a spatial resolution of 10 m. Consistent with the literature, the majority of landslide pixels (70% – 64,712 pixels) were used for model training, and the remaining portion (30% – 27,734 pixels) was used for model validation. Overall accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, root mean square error (RMSE), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were considered as validation metrics. LightGBM and XGBoost were found to have better performance in all validation metrics compared to other algorithms. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were utilized to explain and interpret the model outputs. As per the LightGBM algorithm, the most influential factors in the occurrence of landslide in the study area were determined to be altitude, lithology, distance to faults, and aspect, whereas TWI, plan and profile curvature were identified as the least influential factors. Finally, it was concluded that the produced LSMs would provide significant contributions to decision makers in reducing the damages caused by landslides in the study area.
Laser metal deposition of titanium on stainless steel with high powder flowrate for high interfacial strength
Authors: Cui Di , Aggarwal Akash , Leparoux Marc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDirect joining of titanium and stainless steel 316 L with a strong interface is very challenging due to the formation of the brittle intermetallic compounds FeTi and Fe2Ti in the intermixing zones and to the high residual stress induced by the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients. In this bimetallic directed energy deposition study, firstly, deposition of Ti on stainless steel was carried out using conventional process parameter regime to understand the interfacial cracking susceptibility and then a novel high powder flowrate approach is proposed for controlling the dilution and constraining the intermetallic phases forming at the interface. The influence of high temperature substrate preheating (520 °C) on the cracking susceptibility and interface strength was also investigated. The deposited Ti samples and their interfaces with the 316 L substrate were characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to investigate the geometry, microstructures and chemical compositions in relation to the cracks. The high powder flowrate deposition of Ti on stainless steel 316 L results in an extremely thin dilution region (~ 10 μm melt pool depth in the substrate) restricting the formation of the intermetallic phases and cracks. The ultimate shear strength of the interfaces of the crack free sample was measured from cuboid deposits and the highest measured strength is 381 ± 24 MPa, exceeding the weaker base material pure Ti. The high interfacial strength for high powder flowrate deposition is due to the substantial attenuation and shadowing of the laser beam by the in-flight powder stream as demonstrated by the high-speed imaging resulting in an extremely small dilution region.
CHARON: An Imaging-Based Diagnostic Algorithm to Navigate Through the Sea of Hereditary Degenerative Ataxias
Authors: Scaravilli Alessandra , Tranfa Mario , Pontillo Giuseppe , Brais Bernard , De Michele Giovanna , La Piana Roberta , Saccà Francesco , Santorelli Filippo Maria , Synofzik Matthis , Brunetti Arturo , Cocozza Sirio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe complexity in diagnosing hereditary degenerative ataxias lies not only in their rarity, but also in the variety of different genetic conditions that can determine sometimes similar and overlapping clinical findings. In this light, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the evaluation of these conditions, being a fundamental diagnostic tool needed not only to exclude other causes determining the observed clinical phenotype, but also to proper guide to an adequate genetic testing. Here, we propose an MRI-based diagnostic algorithm named CHARON (Characterization of Hereditary Ataxias Relying On Neuroimaging), to help in disentangling among the numerous, and apparently very similar, hereditary degenerative ataxias. Being conceived from a neuroradiological standpoint, it is based primarily on an accurate evaluation of the observed MRI findings, with the first and most important being the pattern of cerebellar atrophy. Along with the evaluation of the presence, or absence, of additional signal changes and/or supratentorial involvement, CHARON allows for the identification of a small groups of ataxias sharing similar imaging features. The integration of additional MRI findings, demographic, clinical and laboratory data allow then for the identification of typical, and in some cases pathognomonic, phenotypes of hereditary ataxias.
Development and field application of a jetting and helical combination tool
Authors: Huanle L. I. U. , Shifeng X. U. E. , Zhiyang S. U. N. , Chao Zhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLiquid loading occurs in gas wells after a period of production, and the vortex drainage gas recovery technology can alleviate this problem by removing liquid. To substantially enhance the efficiency of this technology, a novel tool combining jetting and helical mechanisms has been introduced. To validate its effectiveness, a laboratory system for detailed analysis of pressure drops by using various tools at multiple gas flow rates has been set up. The analysis approach encompasses both single-factor and orthogonal analyses of tool structure parameters to find out the optimal tool structural parameters under different operating conditions. Consequently, a correlation between the gas flow rates observed in controlled laboratory environments and those in actual gas wells has been established. The study indicates that the tool’s main structural parameters significantly impact pressure drops along the wellbore. Furthermore, it is evident that distinct well profiles require unique tool setups to minimize such pressure drop. Field tests of the optimized tool have shown notable enhancements: The average gas flow rate increased by 25.9%, reaching 5.39 × 104 m3/d (1.90 × 106 scf/d), while the average liquid flow rate increased by 20.1%, reaching 1.46 m3/d (9.18 bbl/d). These results highlight the superior drainage stimulation effect of the new jetting and helical combination tool, presenting novel insights and methodologies for enhancing gas recovery in liquid-loaded gas wells.