bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sibling attachment: The development of a new infant‐based measure (SPPIR)
Authors: Kier Cheryl A. , Lewis Charlie N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a new infant‐based measure for assessing infant attachment to a sibling during a modified strange situation procedure. Research has demonstrated that young siblings often form a special relationship and that they prefer to interact with one another rather than with an unfamiliar peer. Also it has been shown that older siblings can respond appropriately to the distress of an infant. Research on relationships has moved from frequency counts of discrete behaviours towards more global measures of the ways in which behaviour is organized. These have tended to focus upon the older child as caregiver or the influence of the mother‐child relationship on child‐child interaction during the strange situation. The main findings of previous studies are presented. This paper describes a new method for measuring sibling attachment. Advantages of the new scoring system over previous procedures are that it utilizes ethological attachment theory, it is infant‐based, it allows for a variety of infant reactions to reunion with the older sibling, and it focuses on overall patterns of behaviour rather than tallies of frequences.
Lack of early child care effects on school‐age children's social competence and academic achievement
Authors: Chin‐Quee Dawn S. , Scarr Sandra 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTeacher ratings of social competence and academic achievement were obtained from a sample of 127 Bermudian children at ages 5, 6, 7 and 8 years. The children were studied first during their pre‐school years, when they had been exposed to various amounts and qualities of day care. Quality of care was found to be important to the children's intellectual and social development while they were in the day care settings but not after 1–4 years of primary schooling. In hierarchical and simultaneous regressions, family background characteristics, not child care amounts or qualities, were found to be predictive of social competence and academic achievement in the primary grades. By school age, the effects of infant and preschool child care experiences were no longer influential in children's development, but family background continued to be important. These findings and their implications for child care are discussed.
Infant food refusal and parental social support
Authors: Lindberg Lene , Bohlin Gunilla , Hagekull Berit 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relations between various aspects of social support and maternal and infant outcome variables in a group of families having infants showing food refusal compared to a control group. In the case of early food refusal, the results indicated that access to emotional support and satisfaction with support were related to maternal psychosomatic health. The relationships were interpreted as showing that social support has moderating effects on negative outcomes of food refusal.
Adults' estimates of pre‐school children's verbal and motor abilities compared with those children's scores on an individual developmental test
Authors: Gudmundsson Einar , Gretarsson Sigurdur J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractForty‐seven mothers estimated their pre‐school children's development on a psychometrically constructed multidomain mothers' inventory. Similar data were obtained for the same children from 13 pre‐school teachers. The mothers' and pre‐school teachers' estimates were compared to the children's scores on McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA). The mothers' inventory responses yielded convergent–divergent correlations with the MSCA results; in two domains out of seven, their standardized estimations were significantly lower than standardized MSCA scores, and in no case higher. Teachers' estimates deviated more than mothers' estimates from MSCA verbal and motor development scores, though in the latter case the difference between teachers and mothers were less marked. Both mothers' and teachers' difference scores (i.e. deviation of their estimates from MSCA scores) were highly correlated with the respective MSCA scores. However, when the difference scores are adjusted for shared error variance, the correlations shrink and are in most cases non‐significant.
Facial expressions and vagal tone of infants of depressed and non‐depressed mothers
Authors: Pickens Jeffrey N. , Field Tiffany 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMothers classified as ‘depressed’, ‘non‐depressed’ or ‘low scoring’ on the Beck Depression Inventory and their 3‐month‐old infants were videotaped during 3‐minute face‐to‐face play interactions. Infants' facial expressions were coded using the AFFEX facial expression coding system and their EKG was recorded during the interactions to assess the relationship between cardiac measures and facial expressivity. Infants of both ‘depressed’ and ‘low scoring’ mothers showed significantly more sad and anger expressions and fewer interest expressions than infants of nondepressed mothers. Cardiac vagal tone, (quantified from the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia) was correlated with infants' joy and interest expressions and with self‐comfort behaviours in the non‐depressed and low scoring groups, but not in the depressed group. The results suggest that matermal depression affects infants' affective state and appearance as well as their biobehavioural emotional regulation systems.
Clinical, developmental and social aspects of infant crying and colic
Authors: James‐Roberts Ian St , Conroy Sue , Wilsher Katie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPersistent unexplained infant crying in the first few months is a common source of distress for parents and is costly for the health services. The aim was to assess the merits of developmental and social conceptualizations of this phenomenon, compared to the clinical approach as represented by the concept of colic. From a community sample of 530 infants, 67 who met the ‘rule of threes’ definition of colic by fussing and crying for 3 or more hours per day at 4‐5 weeks of age were chosen. To avoid confusion, these infants were called ‘persistent criers’. Groups of ‘evening criers’ (N = 38) and ‘moderate cries’ (N = 55) were also selected. These 160 infants were assessed by researcher measures of their consolability and by maternal diary measures of their amounts of fussing, crying and colic behaviour when 5‐6 weeks old. The persistent and evening criers cried more than the moderate criers. However, irritable, ‘fussy’ behaviour was the predominant form of distress for all three groups of infants. Colic bouts–defined as ‘bouts of intense, unsoothable crying and other behaviour, perhaps due to stomach or bowel pain’–were rare even among the persistent criers and only 7% of these infants were found to be inconsolable. The results support growing evidence that normal infant developmental processes are central to this phenomenon. In addition, social interactions between infants and parents, and parental subjective variables, appear to be involved. Colic was distinguished as a rare and separate form of distress by the infants' mothers. Further evidence needs to determine whether colic is a distinct clinical phenomenon or an extreme degree of normal distress interpreted within a western cultural framework.
Detecting haplotype effects in genomewide association studies
Authors: Huang B.E. , Amos C.I. , Lin D.Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe analysis of genomewide association studies requires methods that are both computationally feasible and statistically powerful. Given the large‐scale collection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), it is desirable to explore the information contained in their interrelationships. In particular, utilizing haplotypes rather than individual SNPs and accounting for correlations of polymorphisms in adjustment for multiple testing can lead to increased power. We present a statistically powerful and numerically efficient method based on sliding windows of adjacent SNPs to detect haplotype‐disease association in genomewide studies. This method consists of an efficient algorithm to calculate a proper likelihood‐ratio statistic for any given window of SNPs, along with an accurate and efficient Monte Carlo procedure to adjust for multiple testing. Simulation studies using the HapMap data showed that the proposed method performs well in realistic situations. We applied the new method to a case‐control study on rheumatoid arthritis and identified several loci worthy of further investigations. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing association for markers on the X chromosome
Authors: Zheng Gang , Joo Jungnam , Zhang Chun , Geller Nancy L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTest statistics for association between markers on autosomal chromosomes and a disease have been extensively studied. No research has been reported on performance of such test statistics for association on the X chromosome. With 100,000 or more single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available for genome‐wide association studies, thousands of them come from the X chromosome. The X chromosome contains rich information about population history and linkage disequilibrium. To identify X‐linked marker susceptibility to a disease, it is important to study properties of various statistics that can be used to test for association on the X chromosome. In this article, we compare performance of several approaches for testing association on the X chromosome, and examine how departure from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium would affect type I error and power of these association tests using X‐linked SNPs. The results are applied to the X chromosome of Klein et al. [2005], a genome‐wide association study with 100K SNPs for age‐related macular degeneration. We found that a SNP (rs10521496) covered by DIAPH2, known to cause premature ovarian failure (POF) in females, is associated with age‐related macular degeneration. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Operational Effect Variables and Functional Ecosystem Classifications – a Review on Empirical Models for Aquatic Systems along a Salinity Gradient
Authors: Håkanson Lars , Bryhn Andreas C. , Blenckner Thorsten 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study based on a very comprehensive set of empirical data from many international data bases including fresh water systems, coastal brackish water areas and marine coastal areas. We present a general trophic level classification system (oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic and hypertrophic categories) for sites/areas characterised by a wide range of salinities. This classification system targets on the following operational effect variables (bioindicators), which are meant to reflect key structural and functional aspects of aquatic ecosystems and characteristic (median) values for entire defined areas (the ecosystem scale) for the growing season: Secchi depth (as a standard measure of water clarity), chlorophyll‐a concentrations (a measure of primary phytoplankton biomass), the oxygen saturation in the deep‐water zone (an indicator reflecting sedimentation, oxygen consumption, oxygen concentrations and the habitat conditions for zoobenthos, an important functional group) and the macrophyte cover (an important variable for the bioproduction potential, including fish production, and the “biological value” of aquatic systems). For a wide range of systems, these bioindicators can be predicted using practically useful models, i.e., models based on variables that can be accessed from standard monitoring programs and maps. These bioindicators are regulated by a set of abiotic factors, such as salinity, suspended particulate matter (SPM), nutrient concentrations (N and P), morphometry and water exchange. Empirical data ultimately form the basis for most ecological/environmental studies and this work uses maybe the most comprehensive data set ever related to trophic level conditions. It also gives compilations of empirically‐based (statistical) models quantifying how the variables are interrelated and how they reflect fundamental aspects of aquatic ecosystems. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the existence of resolvable K4 − e designs
Authors: Ge Gennian , Ling Alan C. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this article, we settle a problem which originated in 4 regarding the existence of resolvable (K4 − e)‐design. We solve the problem with two possible exceptions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 502–510, 2007
Pair covering and other designs with block size 6
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Bluskov Iliya , Greig Malcolm , de Heer Jan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA t‐(v, k, λ) covering design is a set of b blocks of size k such that each t‐set of points occurs in at least λ blocks, and the covering number Cλ(v, k, t) is the minimum value of b in any t‐(v, k, λ) covering design. In this article, we determine C1(v, 6, 2) for v ≡ 2 (mod 5), showing C1(v, 6, 2) attains the Schönheim bound. We also show C1(v, 6, 2) attains the Schönheim bound for v ≡ 1 (mod 5) whenever v ≥ 23986. If Uλ(v, k, t) denotes the Schönheim bound for t‐(v, k,λ) packing designs, then we show that D1(v, 6, 2) = U1(v, 6, 2) − 1 and D1(v − 1, 6, 2) = U1(v − 1, 6, 2) if v ≡ 11 (mod 15) and v ≥ 23441, and D1(v, 6, 2) = U1(v, 6, 2) and D1(v − 1, 6, 2) = U1(v − 1, 6, 2) if v ≡ 1, 6, (mod 15) and v ≥ 811. In addition, we improve the existence results for (v, 6, 1( BIBDs and (v, K, 1) PBDs when K = H1(5) = {k:k ≡ 1 (mod 5)} and when K = {6} ∪ (H1(5) ∩ {prime powers}). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 15: 511–533, 2007
A SepPak unit for batch processing serial blood plasma samples for PET
Authors: Grierson John R. , Wiens Linda , Peterson Lanell , Vesselle Hubert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA prototype blood plasma processor unit was designed and tested for generic PET‐tracer metabolite analyses, using solid‐phase‐extraction cartridges (SepPaks). An assay method for FLT (3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[F‐18]fluorothymidine) and its blood metabolite: FLT‐glucuronide, in serial, patient‐derived samples was developed to evaluate the device. The unit is simple to construct from readily available components and can process up to six samples in parallel for high throughput. The precision of sample results was evaluated in a test–retest trial and was 98%. A syringe pump method for sample application and SepPak elution proved to be a reliable technique. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olfactory axon guidance: The modified rules
Authors: Schwarting Gerald A. , Henion Timothy R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe olfactory system represents a complex model for the investigation of factors that influence the guidance of sensory axon populations to specific targets in the CNS. In the mouse, the projections of approximately 1,000 neuronal subsets, each defined by expression of a distinct odorant receptor (OR), converge at unique glomerular loci in the olfactory bulb (OB). Unlike the case in other sensory systems, proper guidance is achieved without benefit of any known cues in the target itself that are capable of attracting or repelling specific axons. It has long been argued that OR proteins are the critical molecules orchestrating guidance. However, recent studies suggest that axon identity may be dependent on the graded expression of a variety of unique olfactory axon guidance cues. This review focuses attention on these non‐OR factors and their roles in olfactory axon guidance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Making a life in the field of organization science
Authors: Glick William H. , Miller C. Chet , Cardinal Laura B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a provocative address and article, Jeff Pfeffer called for greater consensus and stronger paradigm development in organization science. John Van Maanen and others responded with encouragement for the existing order where a thousand flowers can bloom. More than 10 years after this debate, it appears that many flowers are still blooming. Lost in the original and current discourse, however, is the story of individuals struggling to make a life in a field characterized by weak paradigm development. In this essay, we tell their story, a story of wasted efforts and uncertain outcomes. The degree of dissensus and weak paradigm development in our field has significant implications for junior scholars. These implications will not be ameliorated by calling for stronger paradigm development. Wishing for consensus does not appear to have any impact on our field or on individual outcomes. Rather than despair over the plight of the field and the tremendous costs to individuals, we conclude with a simple proposal designed to aid aspiring scholars. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patellar blood flow during knee arthroplasty surgical exposure: Intraoperative monitoring by laser doppler flowmetry
Authors: Hempfing Axel , Schoeniger Ralf , Koch Peter P. , Bischel Oliver , Thomsen Marc 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPatellofemoral complications following knee arthroplasty are a well‐known problem. Patellar ischemia has been suspected to be causative for fracture, anterior knee pain, and patella component failure. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of knee arthroplasty surgical dissection on patellar blood flow. Patellar blood flow was measured by means of intraosseous laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in 10 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty by a standard medial parapatellar approach. The initial blood flow was 121.6 ± 114.7 AU. The signal significantly decreased by 71% (p = 0.0051) when the knee was flexed and lost the pulsatile signal pattern in 80%. After arthrotomy, the signal was 100.1 ± 120.3 AU in extension. The lowest signal was found in flexion and eversion of the patella (mean, 18 ± 10.7 AU) and all signals lost pulsatility. As compared to the initial values, completion of the soft tissue dissection did not lead to a significant change of the blood flow signal (121.3 ± 104.8; p = 0.6835). Flexion of the knee joint markedly reduced patellar perfusion. Standard medial parapatellar approach did not significantly change patellar blood flow. This study does not support the theory of postoperative patellar ischemia as a cause of anterior knee pain or patellofemoral problems. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1389–1394, 2007
Helping families of homicide victims: A multidimensional approach
Authors: Masters Rosemary , Friedman Lucy N. , Getzel George 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHomicide inflicts massive injury upon the intrapsychic and interpersonal realities of the surviving kin of murder victims. A New York City pilot program of outreach and counselling to 1182 families of Brooklyn homicide victims suggests that surviving kin undergo the symptoms of traumatic stress disorder. Recovery is prolonged by knowledge that the perpetrator is usually alive and in some cases unpunished, by repetitive confrontations with the criminal justice system and by the multiple losses endured: loss of a family member, loss of illusions of safety and invulnerability, loss of a sense of trust in the surrounding community, and loss of a belief system. Effective help to survivors requires interventions that respond to all aspects of the survivors' losses.
Mediating effects of intrapersonal and social support on mental health 1 and 3 years after a natural disaster
Authors: Murphy Shirley A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractKnowledge regarding social support has increased expotentially in the last decade; however, it remains unclear how support prevents or relieves stress and whether persons experiencing different kinds of stress need different kinds of support. This paper explores these issues. First, some of the stressful encounters reported by disaster victims are identified. Next, alternative schools of thought regarding how social support is conceptualized and measured is discussed. Finally, a longitudinal disaster study conducted by the author in which two rival hypotheses (self‐efficacy and social support) were tested in mediating the relationship between stress and health is reported. Recommendations for future study are suggested in light of current methodological issues and study findings.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans: Effects of traumatic violence exposure and military adjustment
Authors: Gallers Johanna , Foy David W. , Donahoe Clyde P. , Goldfarb John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThirty high‐combat Vietnam veterans with a diagnosis of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were compared with a second group of 30 high‐combat Vietnam veterans without evidence of PTSD on measures of military adjustment and exposure to traumatic violence during combat. Military adjustment was assessed for precombat and combat service periods and included measures of alcohol and drug use, disciplinary actions, and social support. The PTSD‐positive group reported significantly greater exposure to traumatic violence and more distress at having observed and participated in such acts than did the PTSD‐negative group. Multiple regression analysis revealed the five traumatic violence frequency and distress scales to be significant predictors of severity of PTSD symptoms. Group differences were not attributable to premilitary demographic or social adjustment variables. Analyses of covariance demonstrated that both groups increased their drug and alcohol use and reported fewer social supports from precombat to combat periods. Results support the residual stress model of PTSD etiology, implicating trauma as the major contributing factor in the disorder.
Familial abuse and post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: McCormack Arlene , Burgess Ann W. , Hartman Carol 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious study of a sample of 149 adolescent runaways showed that youths who left home because of familial physical abuse were more likely than youths who left home for other reasons to report symptomatology consistent with the diagnostic criteria of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The literature suggests that stress reactions, such as PTSD, are not direct responses to stressors, such as familial abuse. Rather, these relationships are mediated by factors which influence a person's ability to cope with stressors. This paper reports the results of exploring two factors which influence coping ability: (1) perceptions of control over the stressor, and (2) the availability of intrafamilial social support. Using information from the same sample of 149 adolescent runaways, we compared youth who left home because of familial physical abuse to youth who did not on the basis of these two coping resources. Results show that victims of familial physical abuse are significantly more likely than are other runaways to believe that they could not have changed or controlled the events that led to their running. Further, the intrafamilial social support systems of these young victims are highly dysfunctional. Study findings support the contention that factors which decreased the coping ability of runaway victims of familial abuse heightened the probability of their developing Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Multidimensional assessment of combat‐related PTSD: Phenomenological, psychometric, and psychophysiological considerations
Authors: Lyons Judith A. , Gerardi Robert J. , Wolfe Jessica , Keane Terence M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature on assessment of PTSD in combat veterans is discussed as it relates to several major diagnostic issues. Studies bearing on the validity of the PTSD diagnosis are presented. Additionally, a multidimensional assessment of PTSD is described in detail. The major assessment instruments currently used are discussed and the research supporting the selection of each of the assessment tools is presented.