bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein classification with imbalanced data
Authors: Zhao Xing‐Ming , Li Xin , Chen Luonan , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGenerally, protein classification is a multi‐class classification problem and can be reduced to a set of binary classification problems, where one classifier is designed for each class. The proteins in one class are seen as positive examples while those outside the class are seen as negative examples. However, the imbalanced problem will arise in this case because the number of proteins in one class is usually much smaller than that of the proteins outside the class. As a result, the imbalanced data cause classifiers to tend to overfit and to perform poorly in particular on the minority class.This article presents a new technique for protein classification with imbalanced data. First, we propose a new algorithm to overcome the imbalanced problem in protein classification with a new sampling technique and a committee of classifiers. Then, classifiers trained in different feature spaces are combined together to further improve the accuracy of protein classification. The numerical experiments on benchmark datasets show promising results, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of accuracy. The Matlab code and supplementary materials are available at http://eserver2.sat.iis.u‐tokyo.ac.jp/∼xmzhao/proteins.html. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective training programs using instructional systems design and e‐learning
Authors: Myers Philip M. , Watson Brent , Watson Molly 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn an ever changing business environment, enterprise‐wide and plant site‐based training initiatives take on added importance. There are training requirements to address process safety management (PSM), risk management, security, and EHS needs and regulations, as well as training programs to address related internal company and business focused directives and initiatives. These ever‐changing topics and increasing requirements present ample challenges to companies attempting to provide quality training to their workforce for performance improvement. Much has been written regarding the promise of e‐learning technologies in meeting these needs. However, technology itself will not solve training challenges. Training programs built using a formal, structured approach such as instructional systems design (ISD) ensures that a highly effective, quality training program is built and consistently delivered. ISD utilizes the following sequential steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Use of ISD assures that the proper target audience and specific instructional needs are identified, instructional objectives are established, an appropriate instructional strategy is selected, and the evaluation strategy is devised and implemented. This article outlines use of ISD to create and deliver highly effective training programs, and includes a review of new training technologies. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2008
The role of peptides in blood‐brain barrier nanotechnology
Authors: Teixidó Meritxell , Giralt Ernest 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) regulates the passage of molecules between the bloodstream and the brain. Overcoming the difficulty of delivery drugs to specific areas of the brain is a major challenge. The BBB exerts a neuroprotective function as it hinders the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to the brain. Here, we provide an overview of the way in which peptides and nanotechnology are being exploited in tandem to address this problem. Peptides can be used as specialised coatings able to transport nanoparticles with specific properties, such as targeting. The nanoparticle can also carry a peptide drug. Furthermore, peptides can be used in less conventional approaches such as all‐peptide nanoparticles. In summary, the combined use of peptides and nanotechnology offers tremendous hope in the treatment of brain disorders. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Lead Zirconate Titanate—Lanthanum Ruthenate Thin Film Structures Prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition
Authors: BenČan Andreja , MaliČ Barbara , DraŽiČ Goran , VukadinoviĆ MiŠo , Kosec Marija 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, the results of compositional and microstructural analysis of lead zirconate titanate—lanthanum ruthenate thin film structures prepared by chemical solution deposition are discussed. The cross‐section transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of the La‐Ru‐O film deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate and annealed at 700 °C revealed RuO2 crystals embedded in a glassy silicate matrix. When the La‐Ru‐O film was deposited on a Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate, RuO2 and La4Ru6O19 crystallized after annealing at 700 °C. After firing at 550 °C randomly oriented lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films crystallized on the La‐Ru‐O/SiO2/Si substrate, while on La‐Ru‐O/Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates PZT thin films with (111) preferred orientation were obtained. No diffusion of the Ru atoms in the PZT film was found. Ferroelectric response of PZT thin films on these substrates is shown in comparison with the PZT film deposited directly on the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate without a La‐Ru‐O layer. SCANNING 29: 287–293, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transfer of algebraic and graphical thinking between mathematics and chemistry
Authors: Potgieter Marietjie , Harding Ansie , Engelbrecht Johann 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStudents in undergraduate chemistry courses find, as a rule, topics with a strong mathematical basis difficult to master. In this study we investigate whether such mathematically related problems are due to deficiencies in their mathematics foundation or due to the complexity introduced by transfer of mathematics to a new scientific domain. In the investigation we exposed a group of students to a chemistry instrument based on the Nernst equation in electrochemistry, and an equivalent group of students to a similar mathematics instrument in which the questions were stripped of all chemistry context. Both tests contained items requiring algebraic as well as graphical skills. Students experienced few problems with the algebraic questions in both the chemistry and mathematics tests. Their graphical construction and interpretation skills, on the other hand, are inadequate, as can be seen from the poor performance in both the mathematics and the chemistry results of the graphical question. Our conclusion is that the problem seems to lie at the mathematics side and is not due to the transfer of mathematics to an application. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 197–218, 2008.
Students' use of the energy model to account for changes in physical systems
Authors: Papadouris Nicos , Constantinou Constantinos P. , Kyratsi Theodora 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the ways in which students, aged 11–14 years, account for certain changes in physical systems and the extent to which they draw on an energy model as a common framework for explaining changes observed in diverse systems. Data were combined from two sources: interviews with 20 individuals and an open‐ended questionnaire that was administered to 240 students (121 upper elementary school students and 119 middle school students). We observed a wealth of approaches ranging from accounts of energy transfer and transformation to responses identifying specific objects or processes as the cause of changes. The findings also provide evidence that students do not seem to appreciate the transphenomenological and unifying nature of energy. Students' thinking was influenced by various conceptual difficulties that are compounded by traditional science teaching; for instance, students tended to confuse energy with force or electric current. In addition, the comparison between the responses from middle school students and those of elementary school students demonstrates that science teaching and maturation appeared to have a negligible influence on whether students had constructed a coherent energy model, which they could use consistently to account for changes in certain physical systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 444–469, 2008
The Sacred Character of Community Life
Authors: Pargament Kenneth I. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTheory and research suggest that there is a basic and irreducible human yearning for a relationship with something that transcends ourselves, something sacred. The sacred can be understood not only in individual terms, but also in terms of relationships, settings, and communities. Empirical studies indicate that the sacred has powerful implications for human behavior; it can be an organizing force and a resource to people in their most difficult times, yet it can also be a source of seemingly intractable problems. This paper reviews several of the promising steps psychologists have taken to learn about the sacred, learn from spiritual communities, and collaborate with these communities in efforts to better the world. Research and practice in this area is enriching our understanding of the meaning of community and the meaning of spirituality.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticle Embedded Conducting Polymer–Polyoxometalate Composites
Authors: Kishore PilliSatyananda , Viswanathan Balasubramanian , Varadarajan ThirukkallamKanthadai 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Phosphomolybdate has been employed simultaneously as the oxidizing agent for the monomer polymerization and the reduced polyoxometalate is used as reducing agent for the reduction of metal ions. The composites thus obtained have been characterized and may have many potential applications.
Emerging Technologies in the OR and Their Effect on Perioperative Professionals
Authors: Catalano Kathleen , Fickenscher Kevin 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTNEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES can help increase the quality of health care, but implementing these technologies in a perioperative setting can create many challenges. Practitioners need to be aware of premises underlying future trends in health care and the kinds of technological changes that they can expect.ROBOTS, DIGITAL DISPLAYS, patient tracking systems, artificial organs, and magnetic sensors are some of the emerging technologies that are changing the perioperative landscape.PRACTITIONERS MUST BE PREPARED to implement strategies that address the practical aspects of integrating these new technologies into the perioperative area. AORN J 86 (December 2007) 958–969. © AORN, Inc, 2007.
The revenue cycle: What it is, how it works, and how to enhance it
Authors: Niedzwiecki Marilyn Hart 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTUNDERSTANDING THE REVENUE CYCLE PROCESS helps perioperative personnel and managers improve health care charging practices and enables them to make informed policy decisions. INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE of the revenue cycle processes throughout an organization can improve reimbursement, improve compliance with reporting requirements, reduce payer denials, and decrease rework by staff members. THIS ARTICLE provides information to develop a basic understanding of the revenue cycle and makes suggestions on how to improve this process in ealth care rganizations. AORN J 84 (October 2006) 578–6601. © AORN, Inc, 2006
Results of the 2007 AORN Salary Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTAORN CONDUCTED ITS FIFTH ANNUAL compensation survey for perioperative nurses in August of 2007.A MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL was used to examine how a variety of variables including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region affect nursing compensation.COMPARISONS BETWEEN 2007 and previous years' data also are presented.THE EFFECTS OF OTHER FORMS of compensation, such as on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials on average base compensation rates are examined. AORN J 86 (December 2007) 944–957. © AORN, Inc, 2007.
Reviews
Authors: Zahidani Shuja Hussain , Hennessey Jeannemarie , Jackson Beverly 
Published: December 2007

Nursing Care of the Pediatric Surgical Patient second edition Nancy Tkacz Browne, Laura M. Flanigan, Carmel A. McComiskey, and Pam Pieper 2007, 531 pages $99.95 hardcoverPerioperative Pharmacology Reference Book and Perioperative Pharmacology Pocket GuideCCI 2006, 63 pages and 71 pages, respectively $30 softcover and $20 spiralbound, respectively, or $45 for bothThe Practice of Patient Education: A Case Study Approach 10th edition Barbara Klug Redman 2007, 176 pages $39.95 softcover
Bilingual children with language impairment: A comparison with monolinguals and second language learners
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ-CLELLEN VERA F. , SIMON-CEREIJIDO GABRIELA , WAGNER CHRISTINE 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to examine whether English finite morphology has the potential to differentiate children with and without language impairment (LI) from Spanish-speaking backgrounds and different levels of English proficiency in comparison to Hispanic English speakers and (b) to investigate the extent to which children who are bilingual exhibit differences in their grammatical performance because of cross-linguistic influence from their first language. Seventy-one children between the ages of 4 years, 5 months and 6 years, 5 months were distributed into the following five groups: English as a first language (EL1) speakers with typical language development (TLD), EL1 speakers with LI, Spanish–English bilinguals with TLD, Spanish–English bilinguals with LI, and English as a second language (EL2) learners with TLD were compared on regular verb finiteness and nominative subject use using spontaneous narrative samples. The EL1 children with LI had significantly lower verb accuracy rates than the EL1 controls with TLD. Verb finiteness marking was also a significant discriminator for the bilinguals with LI. There was no evidence of cross-linguistic influence, however. The analysis indicated no significant differences between EL1 and bilingual children on subject or verb use. The EL2 group only presented difficulties with finite verb use. The typological differences between English and Spanish for overt subject use did not seem to affect the performance of either typical or atypical bilingual learners. The findings underscore the need for addressing language dominance in future bilingual studies.
The use of psychological state words by late talkers at ages 3, 4, and 5 years
Authors: LEE ELIZA CARLSON , RESCORLA LESLIE 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThe use of four types of psychological state words (physiological, emotional, desire, and cognitive) during mother–child play sessions at ages 3, 4, and 5 years was examined in 30 children diagnosed with delayed expressive language at 24–31 months and 15 age-matched comparison children with typical development. The children's mean length of utterance, total words uttered, lexical diversity, and use of propositional complements were assessed. The late talkers used significantly more physiological state words at ages 3 and 4, but the two groups did not differ in their use of physiological state terms at age 5. The late talkers used significantly fewer cognitive words than the comparison children at each age. The mothers of the late talkers made significantly fewer references to cognitive states than the mothers of the comparison children at each age. The delay in the emergence of cognitive state words in the preschool years may affect other aspects of late talkers’ cognitive and social development.
Bilingual language representation and cognitive processes in translation
Authors: HATZIDAKI ANNA , POTHOS EMMANUEL M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTAtext-translation task and a recognition task investigated the hypothesis thatsemantic memoryprincipally mediates translation from a bilingual's native first language (L1) to her second language (L2), whereaslexical memorymediates translation from L2 to L1. This has been held for word translation by the revised hierarchical model (RHM) of Kroll and Stewart. The results from Greek, English, and French fluent bilinguals showed semantic errors in L1–L2 direction and lexical errors in L2–L1 direction in the translation task as RHM would predict, but not semantic effects in L1–L2 direction in the word recognition task. These findings suggest a flexible use of conceptual and lexical connections that fluent bilinguals engage, depending upon the cognitive processes required by the task at hand.
Mental imagery of concrete proverbs: A developmental study of children, adolescents, and adults
Authors: DUTHIE JILL K. , NIPPOLD MARILYN A. , BILLOW JESSE L. , MANSFIELD TRACY C. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTThe development of mental imagery in relation to the comprehension of concrete proverbs (e.g., one rotten apple spoils the barrel) was examined in children, adolescents, and adults who were ages 11 to 29 years old (n = 210). The findings indicated that age-related changes occurred in mental imagery and in proverb comprehension during the years between late childhood and early adulthood, and that the two domains were associated in children and adults but not in adolescents. Children and adults were more likely to describe relevant mental imagery (age 11: “A big barrel of apples and a woman picks up one that is rotten and there are worms in it and the worms go to all the other apples”) when they also comprehended the proverb on a multiple-choice task. It was also found that participants' mental images became more metaphorical in relation to increasing age (age 21: “One bad comment can spoil the entire conversation”). The findings are consistent with dual coding theory, the view that nonverbal information (relevant visual imagery) in addition to verbal information (related words and phrases) supports language comprehension in the case of concrete meanings. The results also support the view that mental imagery reflects figurative understanding and the individual's tacit awareness of underlying metaphorical concepts.
Optimal trajectory planning for a redundant mobile manipulator with non-holonomic constraints performing push–pull tasks
Authors: Puga José P. , Chiang Luciano E. 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThis work presents a method to generate optimal trajectories for redundant mobile manipulators based on a weighted function that considers simultaneously joint torques, manipulability and preferred joint angle references. This method is applicable to a group of tasks, commonly known as push–pull tasks, in which a redundant mobile manipulator subject to non-holonomic constraints moves slowly while exerting a set of forces against the environment. In practice, this occurs when the manipulator is pulling against an object such as when opening a door or unearthing a buried object. Torque is computed in a quasi-static manner, mainly taking into consideration the effect of multiple external forces while neglecting dynamic effects. The formulation incorporates a criterion for optimizing a starting configuration, and special considerations are made to account for non-holonomic constraints. The application to an existing mobile manipulator is described.
Comparing mathematical and heuristic approaches for scientific data analysis
Authors: Varde Aparna S. , Ma Shuhui , Maniruzzaman Mohammed , Brown David C. , Rundensteiner Elke A. , SissonJR. Richard D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractScientific data is often analyzed in the context of domain-specific problems, for example, failure diagnostics, predictive analysis, and computational estimation. These problems can be solved using approaches such as mathematical models or heuristic methods. In this paper we compare a heuristic approach based on mining stored data with a mathematical approach based on applying state-of-the-art formulae to solve an estimation problem. The goal is to estimate results of scientific experiments given their input conditions. We present a comparative study based on sample space, time complexity, and data storage with respect to a real application in materials science. Performance evaluation with real materials science data is also presented, taking into account accuracy and efficiency. We find that both approaches have their pros and cons in computational estimation. Similar arguments can be applied to other scientific problems such as failure diagnostics and predictive analysis. In the estimation problem in this paper, heuristic methods outperform mathematical models.
Searching for the Answer 2.0
Authors: Ayton Phil , Billingham Paul 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article by Paul Billingham of Concept Searching and Phil Ayton of UC Logic covers the history of computerised searching aids in the context of knowledge management projects and describes conceptSearching, which is a scientific approach to trying to solve natural language searching problems using a number of techniques, not just an algorithm. They also consider federated searching and describe the Sysero information portal and a taxonomy manager application.
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists in America
Authors: Moos Daniel D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTNurse anesthetists are crucial healthcare providers throughout the world. The duties, regulations, and educational requirements for nurse anesthetists vary from country to country. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a brief historical perspective on the development of nurse anesthesia in the United States; describe current nurse anesthesia practice; and allow the reader to compare and contrast it with the practice of nurse anesthesia in their own country.
log[P(h/eb)/P(h/b)] Is the One True Measure of Confirmation
Authors: Milne Peter 
Published: December 2007

Plausibly, when we adopt a probabilistic standpoint any measure Cb(h, e) of the degree to which evidence e confirms (or is evidentially relevant to) hypothesis (or theory) h relative to background knowledge b should meet these five desiderata:(1) Cb(h,e) > 0 when P(h/eb) > P(h/b; Cb(h,e) < 0 when P(h/eb) < P(h/b); Cb(h,e) = 0 when P(h/eb) = P(h/b).(2) Cb(h,e) is some function of the values P(·/b) and P(·/·b) assume on the at most sixteen truth-functional combinations of e and h.(3) If P(e/hb) < P(f/hb) and P(e/b) = P(f/b) then Cb(h,e) ≤ Cb(h,f); if P(e/hb) = P(f/hb) and P(e/b) < P(f/b) then Cb(h,e) ≥ Cb(h,f).(4) Cb(h,ef) – Cb(h,eg) is fully determined by Cb(h,e) and Cbe(h,f) – Cbe(h,g); if Cb(h,ef) = 0 then Cb(h,e) + Cbe(h,f) = 0.(5) If P(e/hb) = P(e/tb) then Cb(h,e) = Cb(t,e).
Empirical Evaluations of Theoretical Explanations of Psychotherapeutic Efficacy: A Reply to John D. Greenwood
Authors: Grünbaum Adolf 
Published: December 2007

Using Grünbaum 1984 and 1993 as a springboard, Greenwood (this issue) claims to have offered several methodologically salubrious and exegetically illuminating theses on empirical evaluations of theoretical explanations of psychotherapeutic efficacy. According to his exegesis of Grünbaum's construction (1984, Ch. 2, Section C; 1993, 184–204) of Freud's “Tally Argument,” that argument bespeaks a rife neglect of the epistemologically-significant distinction between empirical evaluations of the efficacy of psychotherapy and evaluations of theoretical explanations of that efficacy. Greenwood presents a defense of a qualified version of Popper's critique of psychoanalysis against Grünbaum's objections to it (1984, Ch. 1B). Finally, Greenwood offers a clarification of the concept of a “placebo control” investigation, taking issue with Grünbaum's 1993 (84–87, 91–93).In the present paper, it is argued contra Greenwood that: (1) his purportedly “best” reading of Freud's Tally Argument and of its import founders, (2) the distinction that Greenwood bemoans as being neglected by mental health researchers actually is a commonplace in the literature on treatment-process and therapeutic outcome, (3) Greenwood's defense of Popper's critique of psychoanalysis is an anachronism, and (4) Greenwood's conceptual analysis of placebo controls is nebulous and misconceived.