bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of γ-Alkylamides of l-Glutamic Acid. The Reactions of Metallic Salts of l-Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid with Primary Alkylamines
Authors: Yamada Yoshitaka , Sakurai Moritaro , Tsuchiya Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
l-Theanine, a principal component of flavors contained in green teas, and its homologs have been synthesized by the reactions of several metallic salts of l-pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid with primary alkylamines. Hitherto, γ-alkylamides of l-glutamic acid had been prepared in low yields by the reactions of l-pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid with anhydrous alkylamines. The use of metallic salts, especially cupric, zinc, and manganese salts, increased the yields of the γ-amides remarkably.
The Synthesis of dl-α-Dihydrocaranone and γ-Lycorane
Authors: Ueda Nasuo , Tokuyama Takashi , Sakan Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
dl-α-Dihydrocaranone (XII) has been synthesized stereoselectively, using the ring-closure reaction via benzyne intermediate of N-(2-bromo-4,5-methylenedioxybenzyl)octahydroindole-6-one (X) with lithium piperidide in tetrahydrofuran. dl-γ-Lycorane (III) has been obtained by the Hauptmann reduction of XII.
Studies of the Surface Oxide Layer of Platinum Electrode
Authors: Ohashi Kunio , Sasaki Kazuo , Nagaura Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation and reduction rates of the oxide layer of the platinum electrode were investigated by triangular-wave voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. A rate equation for the anodic process has been proposed in order to describe the fact that the electrode potential increases linearly with an increase in the surface concentration of oxygen. The cathodic reduction of surface oxide obeys the second-order rate law with respect to the amount of oxide covering the surface.
The Deterioration of Oxidative Polymerized Films
Authors: Chen Leo-Wang , Kumanotani Ju 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The deterioration of oxidative polymerized films, such as films of polymerized oils, alkyd resins, and phenolic varnishes, was studied by means of dynamic-mechanical measurements, in addition to such conventional methods as infrared spectral and elementary analysis. The visco-elastic changes induced by thermo-oxidation were correlated with the network structure of the films. The baked films are more stable than the air-dried films. The aliphatic chains decomposed more easily when a comparison was made among air-dried film and baked film of alkyd resin modified by unsaturated fatty acid; this is because of the existence of more hydroperoxyl and conjugated carbonyl groups and the effect of the drying agent contained in the air-dried film. After thermo-oxidation, the glass-transition temperature and the degree of crosslinking of the film showed an increase, an increase which is considered to be the result of the oxidative decomposition and cross-linking of aliphatic chains. It was also observed that the impact strength of baked film decreased upon thermo-oxidation.
A Theoretical Interpretation of the Substituent Effects in Argentation Equilibria of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Fueno Takayuki , Okuyama Tadashi , Furukawa Junji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of ring substituents on the stability of silver ion complexes of benzene and styrene are discussed in terms of the delocalization energies as calculated by the simple LCAO MO method. It is demonstrated that the delocalization energy responsible for the formation of the σ -type molecular bond can predict the relative stabilities of the complexes; the calculated energies are linearly correlated with Hammett’s sigma values. The π-type molecular bond energy arising from the delocalization of silver d-electrons decreases linearly with the increase in the σ-type bond energy. In cases where the two energies are comparable in magnitude, the substituent effects may well be controlled by the entropy term, as has previously been demonstrated experimentally. This apparent paradox encountered in the interpretation of substituent effects may best be reconciled by assuming that the behavior of the silver 4d-orbital in complexation is more closely associated with the entropy change than that of the 5s-orbital of the same atom.
The Infrared and Raman Spectra of the Trimethylaluminum -Dimethyl Sulfide Complex
Authors: Tarao Ryokichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of a mixture of trimethylaluminum and dimethyl sulfide (molar ratio, 1 : 1) have been measured (IR: 3100–300 cm−1, Raman: 3100–130 cm−1). The spectra obtained are entirely different from the superposition of the spectra of the two components. Tentative assignments for most of the infrared bands and Raman lines have been suggested. The CS stretching vibration lines of dimethyl sulfide shift to frequencies lower by about 5 cm−1 when it is mixed with trimethylaluminum. These findings, together with the measurement of the Raman spectrum of the mixture in a 10-volume-percent benzene solution, indicate that the 1 : 1 mixture of trimethylaluminum and dimethyl sulfide forms a pure coordination complex, Al(CH3)3·(CH3)2S, which does not dissociate into its components appreciably in either the liquid state or the benzene solution.
The Direct Complexometric Titration of Thallium(III) Using Iron(III)-Sulfosalicylate Complex as Metal Indicator
Authors: Aggarwal R C , Srivastava A K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The iron(III)-sulfosalicylate complex has been used as the indicator for the direct complexometric determination of thallium(III). This indicator permits the rapid and accurate determination of both micro and macro quantities of thallium(III). The titrations are best carried out at about pH 2.6. Most of the divalent cations, such as calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium, manganese and mercury, and trivalent cations, such as chromium and aluminum, do not interfere in the determination.
Studies of Thio Acids. VIII. The Reaction of Thiostearic Acid with Alcohols
Authors: Hirabayashi Yoshio , Mizuta Masateru , Mazume Tetsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The products obtained by heating thiostearic acid in methanol, aqueous methanol, ethanol, or aqueous ethanol have been found to consist of hydrogen sulfide, distearoyl sulfide, methyl or ethyl stearate, thiostearic acid, and stearic acid, the last of which has been detected only in the case of aqueous alcohols. On the basis of the above results, the following scheme may be involved, at least in part, in the formation of carboxylic ester and hydrogen sulfide by heating the thio acid in alcohols:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
The Nitration and Halogenation of Palladium Acetylacetonate
Authors: Kasahara Akira , Uji-ie Katsuyasu , Tanaka Keiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The pseudo-aromatic divalent palladium acetylacetonate has been found to undergo electrophilic substitution at the central carbon of the chelate ring. The mononitro (decomp.p. 240–245°C, λmax 325 mμ) and dinitro (decomp.p. 250–255°C, λmax 324 mμ) palladium acetylacetonates were prepared by treating palladium acetylacetonate with a mixture of copper nitrate trihydrate and acetic anhydride; they were characterized by their infrared and NMR spectra. The halogenation of palladium acetylacetonate was accomplished with N-halosuccinimides in chloroform. Dichloro (decomp.p. 205–210°C, λmax 345 mμ), dibromo (decomp.p. 240–245°C, λmax 345 mμ) and diiodo (decomp.p. 195–200°C, λmax 324 mμ) derivatives were isolated and characterized by their spectra.
Studies of Peptide Antibiotics. VI. Syntheses of Cyclic Penta and Decapeptides with a Glycyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanylglycyl Sequence
Authors: Kondo Michio , Aoyagi Haruhiko , Kato Tetsuo , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A cyclic decapetide dihydrochloride, cyclo-(glycyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanylglycyl)2·2HCl, which is an analog of gramicidin S, and a cyclic pentapetide monohydrochloride, cycloglycyl-l-ornithyl-l-leucyl-d-phenylalanylglycyl·HCl,where synthesized in order to compare their decapeptide active esters was found to yield the same cyclic bezyloxycarbonyl-substiuted decapetide: this was converted by hydrogenolysis to the cyclic decapeptide dihydrochloride mentioned above. The cyclization reaction of a linear pentapetide active ester, in which the glycines are both terminal amino acid residues, yielded a cyclic benzyloxycarbonyl-substiuted pentapetide exclusively. When another linear pentapeptide active ester and a pentapetide azide where also subjected to cyclization reaction, they afforded the same cyclic benzyloxycarbonylsubstituted pentapeptide; this was then hydrogenolyzed to the corresponding cyclic pentapeptide monohydrochloride. The effects of the two cyclic peptide hydrochlorides on the bacterial growth were tested; no retardation of growth was observed with any of the microorganisms tested.
The Reaction of p-Methoxystyrene-α-14C with Lead Tetraacetate
Authors: Yukawa Yasuhide , Hayashi Nobuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of p-methoxystyrene with lead tetraacetate in glacial acetic acid should proceed mainly through the rearrangement of the carbon skeleton. The possibility of the hydrogen migration can not be ruled out, but its extent should be only 7% even if it is involved.
The Reaction of Organodisilanes with N-Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Sakurai Hideki , Hosomi Akira , Nakajima Jun-ichi , Kumada Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of three hexaorganodisilanes with N-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride or in chloroform were carried out. Hexamethyldisilane afforded trimethylbromosilane (82.9–100%) and N-trimethylsilylsuccinimide (73.5–79.5%). No bromomethylpentamethyldisilane was obtained. Similarly, 1,2-diphenyltetramethyldisilane gave phenyldimethylbromosilane and a small amount of bromobenzene. The N-silyl compound could not be isolated, but succinimide was obtained as a decomposition product. Phenylpentamethyldisilane gave trimethylbromosilane and phenyldimethylbromosilane in 67.4 and 12.3% yields respectively. A possible reaction mechanism was discussed.
The Reactions of Oximes with Lead Tetraacetate. The Scope of the Reactions
Authors: Yukawa Yasuhide , Sakai Mitsuru , Suzuki Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A detailed study of the reaction of oximes by lead tetraacetate has been made. It has beers found that the reaction gave nitrogen and the respective aldehydes or ketones in good yields.. In the reaction, which can be applied to general oximes, the order of yields was: aliphatic aldoximes &gt;aliphatic ketoximes&gt;alicyclic ketoximes &gt;aromatic ketoximes&gt;aromatic aldoximes. Some limited mechanistic implications are presented and discussed on the basis of the results obtained. Stoichiometrically, it has been found that 2 moles of oxime react with 1 mole of lead tetraacetate to produce 2 moles of aldehyde or ketone and 1 mole of nitrogen.
The Rotatory Dispersion and Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. XII. The Circular Dichroism of Hexose Nitrates
Authors: Tsuzuki Yojiro , Tanabe Koko , Okamoto Kikuhiko , Yamada Noriko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Circular dichroism has been measured of eighteen nitrates of hexoses (glucose, mannose and altrose), and its correlation with the rotatory dispersion as well as the ultraviolet absorption has been established, verifying even a number of suggestions made as regards the sign of some ambiguous Cotton effects (Tsuzuki et al., This Bulletin, 39, 1391 (1966)), which has eventually led to some significant conclusions.
Kinetic Studies of Ammonia Oxidation in Shock Waves. II. The Rate of Ammonia Consumption
Authors: Takeyama Tetsu , Miyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An investigation was made of ammonia oxidation in shock waves at temperatures from 2100 to 2600°K by monitoring the ultraviolet absorption of ammonia at 2245 Å. The absorption coefficient of ammonia was measured at various temperatures; the rate constant of the decomposition reaction at higher temperatures with a mixture of 1% NH3 and 99% Ar was found to be in good agreement with the results of other studies. By using several mixtures of ammonia and oxygen highly diluted with argon, the rate of ammonia consumption immediately after an induction period was found to be expressed by:
−\left(\fracd[NH3]dt\ight)0=k0[NH3]1.5[O2]0.5[Ar]0.5
where: logk0(11.5mole−1.5sec−1)=12.77±0.10+(−8488±573)⁄T. This corresponds to an apparent activation energy of 38.8±2.6 kcal./mole.
An NMR Study of Proton Exchange in Alcohols. I. Oxygen Effects in Methanol
Authors: Fujiwara Shizuo , Fujiwara Yuzuru , Nagai Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Molecular interactions between oxygen and organic molecules are investigated in detail. It was confirmed that the broadening of spectral lines due to oxygen is appreciable only with hydroxyl protons. This effect is attributed to the enhancement of the proton exchange of OH groups by oxygen. Detailed investigation was made with methanol-oxygen system. In relation with this, a new method is proposed which makes the measurement of heat of dissolution of oxygen in methanol possible.
Studies of the Formation of Condensed Phosphates Containing Alkyl-groups
Authors: Ueda Shiro , Tada Mitsuyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Alkyl ammonium polyphosphate (AAPP) was prepared readily by a thermal reaction of alkyl (ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl) dihydrogen phosphate and urea at temperatures ranging from 120°C to 200°C. At the same time, a small amount of cyanuric acid was obtained as a by-product. 1) AAPP was confirmed, from a study of the data of infrared spectroscopy, paper chromato-graphy and chemical analysis, to have a long-chain structure possessing P–O–P linkage. The three types of AAPP were of almost the same form, according to the X-ray diffraction patterns. 2) AAPP was more or less hygroscopic, although the hygroscopicity of AAPP decreased with an increase in the carbon number of the alkyl group. 3) AAPP is reasonably stable, keeping a P–O–P linkage even upon degradation in an acidic aqueous solution.
Studies of Scandium in Various Solutions. I. An Ion-Exchange Study of Scandium(III) Chloride and Nitrate Complexes
Authors: Sekine Tatsuya , Hasegawa Yuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complex formation of scandium(III) with chloride and nitrate ions has been investigated at 25°C. Scandium-46 was employed in conjunction with a cation-exchange resin (Dowex 50W X-12, 100–200 mesh) in the H+-form and the ionic strength was maintained at 4.0 m with perchloric acid. The stability constants have been obtained graphically by a curve-fitting method and the following results were obtained.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
A Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron(III) with ω-Amino acetophenone-N, N-diacetic Acid Oxime
Authors: Ando Takeshi , Ueno Keihei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oximes of aminoacetone-N, N-diacetic acid, ω-aminoacetophenone-N, N-diacetic acid, p-bromo-ω-aminoacetophenone-N, N-diacetic acid and 2-glycylthiophene-N, N-diacetic acid have been synthesized as the colorimetric reagents for iron(III). The most favourable result was obtained with the oxime of ω-aminoacetophenone-N, N-diacetic acid, which forms a stable orange red chelate with iron(III), showing an absorption maximum at 420 mμ. With the use of this reagent, 0–25 p. p. m. of iron(III) can be determined at pH 5.5. It should be noticed that this reagent is almost specific for iron (III); serious interferences were only observed for copper (II), vanadate, fluoride and phosphate ions.
The Chemical Equilibrium of the 2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2O Reaction in Solfataras of the Nasudake Volcano
Authors: Mizutani Yoshihiko , Sugiura Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stability of native sulfur in solfataras depends upon the temperature, the pressure, and the chemical composition of the solfataric gases with which native sulfur is in equilibrium. The equilibrium constant of the 2H2S+SO2=3S(s,1)+2H2O reaction may be expressed as:
K=\fracX2H2OX2H2SXSO2P,
where X is the mole fraction of the gaseous components in the system and where P is the total pressure on the system. By the use of this relationship, the equilibrium temperature of natural solfataric gases with respect to the reaction may be estimated, provided the theoretical value of K, the chemical composition, and the pressure of natural solfataric gases are known. The attainment of chemical equilibrium of the reaction in solfataric gases of the Nasudake Volcano has been examined by comparing the estimated equilibrium temperature with the observed outlet temperature of the solfataras. The results indicate that the native sulfur occurring in the solfataras is approximately in equilibrium with the solfataric gases. On this basis, an attempt has also been made to explain the behavior of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide in solfataric gases.
Preparation of cis- and trans-Dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)-Iridium(III) Chlorides
Authors: Kida Sigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Potassium tetrachloro(ethylenediamine)iridate(III) and cis-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine) iridium(III) chloride were obtained by the reaction of iridium(III) chloride and ethylenediamine in a weakly acid aqueous solution. The condition for the formation of each compound depends on the mole ratio of iridium to ethylenediamine and pH of the solution. Trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)iridium(III)chloride was prepared from potassium tetrachloro(ethylenediamine)iridate(III) and ethylenediamine.
The geometrical configurations of the two isomers were determined by infrared spectra, and checked by ultraviolet spectra.
The Direct Introduction of an Ethoxycarbonyl Group by the Photolysis of Some Substituted Formates in Solution
Authors: Shigemitsu Yasuo , Tominaga Tamotsu , Shimodaira Takashi , Odaira Yoshinobu , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The direct introduction of an ethoxycarbonyl group by the photolysis of various substituted formates (RCO2C2H5) was carried out. Both ethyl cyanoformate and ethyl chloroformate effectively underwent ethoxycarbonylation by a hydrogen-donating solvent such as cyclohexane, with the yields of 19% and 15%, respectively. On the other hand, the photolysis of ethyl acetate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl carbamate gives mainly carbinols and carbon monoxide instead of ethyl carboxylate. On the basis of these results, the effects of the substituent in the formate on the ethoxycarbonylation were considered. First, the electronic effect of the substituent R has an influence on the position of the bond fission of the formate. Cyano and chloro groups, which are the electron-withdrawing substituents, weaken the R-carbon bond in the formates. Second, the ability of the hydrogen abstraction of the radical R produced by the photolysis of the formate is very important in the ethoxycarbonylation. Thus, it is clear that there is a relationship between the electron affinity of the radical R and the yield of the ethyl carboxylate.
The Reaction of N-Acylurethans with Phenyl Glycidyl Ether Accompanying Acyl Migration
Authors: Iwakura Yoshio , Izawa Shin-ichi , Hayano Fusakazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Acylethylurethans reacted with phenyl glycidyl ether to produce 3-acyl-5-phenoxymethyl-2-oxazolidones, 5-phenoxymethyl-2-oxazolidone and N-(2-acyloxy-3-phenoxypropyl)ethylurethans. The reaction mechanism involving acyl migration was discussed.
2-Oxazolidones from Glycidyl Ether Reactions with Acid Amides
Authors: Iwakura Yoshio , Izawa Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between acid amides and aryl glycidyl ethers was carried out using tertiary amine as the catalyst. 2-Oxazolidone derivatives were obtained by the reaction of trichloroacetanilide or trifluoroacetanilide with aryl glycidyl ether. Acyl migration occurred in the reaction of acetanilide with phenyl glycidyl ether.
The Solvent Effect on the Rates of Autoxidation of o-Cresol
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Morimoto Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of alcohols, carbonyl compounds and dimethyl sulfoxide on the pyridine-cuprous chloride-catalyzed autoxidation of o-cresol in benzene have been studied kinetically by estimating the consumption of oxygen. The rate is first-order in the concentration of o-cresol and one-half order in the partial pressure of oxygen at constant concentrations of pyridine and cuprous chloride in a solvent of methanol-benzene (20 : 80 in vol.). The reaction in a benzene solution is retarded by the addition of below 0.1 vol.%, methanol or ethanol; having passed through a minimum at ca. 0.1 vol.%, it is accelerated by the addition of alcohol more than 0.1 vol.%. The reaction in a benzene solution is retarded by the addition of carbonyl compounds. A probable mechanism which explains these solvent effects is discussed.
The Synthesis of an Etiojervane Analog of Progesterone
Authors: Masamune Tadashi , Orito Kazuhiko , Murai Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Acetyl-22, 27-iminojerva-5, 12-diene-3β, 23α-diol-11-one, prepared from jervine by Masamune et al. (J. Org. Chem., 29, 2282 (1964)), was submitted to a Birch reduction and then to a modified Wolff-Kishner reduction to yield 22, 27-iminojerv-5-ene-3β, 23α-diol. The compound was then degraded, according to the procedure by Johnson et al. (Tetrahedron Letters, 1963, 545), to a methyl ketone, which was then further oxidized by the Oppenauer method to give 17α-ethyletiojerv-4-ene-3, 20-dione.
The Chemistry of Polyazanes. VI. The Oxidation of ω, ω′-Dibenzoylcarbohydrazide
Authors: Minato Hiroshi , Hisada Ryuki , Tanaka Mitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
ω, ω′-Dibenzoylcarbohydrazide (DBC) was oxidized with sodium hypochlorite in an aqueous ethanolic solution at −70°C. At first the solution had a deep red color, but it gradually faded away. The products of the reaction isolated were benzoic acid, ethyl benzoate, carbon dioxide, 2-phenyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-5-one, and N,N′-dibenzoylhydrazine. Then, DBG was oxidized with hypochlorous acid, the products of this reaction were not very different from those obtained with sodium hypochlorite. A plausible mechanism was presented, which assumed the formation of bis(benzoylimino)urea, which was then decomposed heterolytically by the nucleophilic attack of ethanol and water molecules.
Kinetic Studies of Ammonia Oxidation in Shock Waves. III. The Radiation of Excited OH Radicals
Authors: Takeyama Tetsu , Miyama Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mixtures of ammonia and oxygen in argon were heated by reflected shock waves to temperatures between 1600 and 2100°K, and the ultraviolet radiation from OH(2Σ+) was observed by means of monochromator and a photomultiplier. The radiation profiles showed two types of radiation: a strong spike which appeared after an induction period, and a weak and constant-level emission, which followed the spike and persisted for up to 500 μsec. The former emission was observed also in the oxidation of hydrogen, methane, and acetylene, but the latter emission was observed only in the oxidation of methane and acetylene. The temperature coefficients of the intensities of the latter emission divided by the sum of spectral emissivities were found, for the oxidation of ammonia, not large enough to be explained by the thermal excitation of the ground-state OH(2π) to the 2Σ+ state. Possible reaction processes for this chemiluminescence were proposed to explain the experimental results.