bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects Doctrine As a Basis for Jurisdiction of States in Cyberspace
Authors: Tebenkova Viktoriya Nikolaevna 
Published: March 2024

An important feature of cyberspace is its cross-border nature, due to the absence of physical borders and the decentralization of infrastructure and users. Due to the fact that all transactions in cyberspace potentially cross state borders and have an impact on objects and entities in various states, the consequences of certain actions can be felt in many jurisdictions. At the same time, the traditional links between the offense and the State on the basis of territoriality, nationality or the need to protect fundamental national interests may be absent. In such cases, jurisdiction is proposed to be established on the basis of the doctrine of consequences. However, the objections of a number of States to such extraterritorial dissemination of foreign legislation and the uncertain nature of the consequences doctrine have raised questions about the conformity of the consequences doctrine with international law. Based on the analysis of international treaties, practices and positions of States and international organizations, scientific research and other doctrinal sources, the following conclusions were drawn. The doctrine of consequences is increasingly being recognized as a principle of establishing the jurisdiction of States through the formation of a rule of customary international law. However, objections to the application of this doctrine, especially in cases of establishing jurisdiction in criminal cases, continue to be expressed. The generally recognized conditions for the application of the consequences doctrine are as follows: a State enacting legislation based on the consequences doctrine must have an internationally acceptable interest in this; the consequences must be direct, predictable and significant; there must be no infringement of the legitimate interests of other States or foreign persons who do not have a significant connection with the State that claims to implement such jurisdiction. Other mechanisms should be considered to limit the scope of actions falling under the jurisdiction of the State: apply the principle of targeting, which requires an assessment of the actions that a person has taken in order to fall or not fall under the jurisdiction of the State; apply special liability measures related not to the imposition of sanctions on persons engaged in illegal behavior, but to the creation of obstacles to the implementation of such activities, for example, to block access to information that is illegal from the point of view of the State. A combination of such mechanisms could prevent undesirable activities in a more balanced way and not create unjustified risks for cyberspace actors.
The cultural code of the Shtetl in Grigory Gorin's play "Memorial Prayer"
Authors: Kotliar Elena Romanovna , Zolotuhina Natal'ya Anatol'evna , Zolotuhina Arina YUr'evna 
Published: March 2024

The subject of our article is the identification of cultural codes of Eastern European shtetl towns in the play by Grigory Gorin "Memorial Prayer", the libretto of which was written by the author based on the works of the famous Yiddish writer Sholom Aleichem. The author of the article describes the history and conditions of localization of Jewish culture in Eastern Europe and the Russian Empire, the peculiarities of its transformation, the tragic history of the Jewish theater in the first third of the twentieth century. After the disappearance of the towns and the disuse of the Yiddish language, the preservation of the history of the characteristic everyday and philosophical way of life of the shtetls became the goal of museum figures, historians, writers, playwrights, and artists. In the work, using the example of Tevye the milkman, his family and environment, characteristic images of the inhabitants of small towns, their habitat, types of thinking and actions are revealed. The article uses the methods of historicism in the retrospective of the culture of Shtetl towns, the method of analysis in the identification of Shtetl archetypes, the method of synthesis in the generalization of a set of characteristic cultural codes. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. Eastern European Jewish shtetl towns are small urban-type settlements with a predominantly Jewish population, whose unique culture was determined by the Jewish faith, everyday and religious traditions, the Yiddish language, as well as the localization of residence in a small area. 2. During the period of large-scale social upheavals of the early twentieth century and the subsequent expansion beyond the boundaries of the towns, their unique culture became a mythologeme, the foundation for writers, artists, musicians, and theater figures who emerged from it. One of the milestones in the preservation of this culture was the Jewish theater GOSET, whose existence was tragically cut short in the middle of the twentieth century. 3. The play "Memorial Prayer", written by Grigory Gorin based on the works of Sholem Aleichem and staged at the Lenkom Theater by Mark Zakharov, became the quintessence of the characteristic images of the shtetl, and at the same time the revival of authentic Jewish culture. The author's special contribution is to highlight in the play the images-the archetypes of the Shtetl, which have become cultural markers, or codes of Jewish Yiddish culture.
Plantar load distribution with centers of gravity balance and rearfoot posture in daily lives of Taiwanese college elite table tennis players: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chow Tong-Hsien , Lee Yu-Ling 
Published: March 2024

Background
Table tennis is an asymmetric sport involving the powerful forward swing of the upper limbs depends on the solid support of the lower limbs. The foot drive really affects the weight balance and stroke accuracy even though the distance and momentum of the lower limb displacement are limited within a limited range. Given that previous research on table tennis has typically focused on the footwork and stroke performance of professional players, the study aimed to investigate the daily static and dynamic plantar load distribution as well as the centers of gravity balance and rearfoot posture among Taiwanese college elite table tennis players.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 70 elite male table tennis players (age: 20.0 ± 0.9 years; height: 173.4 ± 5.1 cm, weight: 67.6 ± 5.3 kg, experience: 10.0 ± 1.6 years) and 77 amateur table tennis players of the same gender (age: 20.1 ± 0.8 years, height: 167.4 ± 4.4 cm, weight: 64.3 ± 4.0 kg, experience: 4.4 ± 1.2 years) from Taiwanese universities. The JC Mat optical plantar pressure analyzer was applied to determine the plantar load distribution along with arch index (AI) and centers of gravity balance. Assessment of rearfoot postural alignment was mainly used to contrast the performance of the centers of gravity balance.

Results
The static arch indices of both feet in the elite group were symmetrical and considered normal arches (AI: 0.22 ± 0.07) during their non-training and non-competition daily lives. Their static plantar loads were symmetrically concentrated on the bipedal lateral metatarsals (P < 0.05) as well as shifted to the medial and lateral heels (P < 0.05) and the lateral metatarsals (P < 0.05) during the walking midstance phase. Additionally, the plantar loads were mainly applied to the bipedal medial (P < 0.01) and lateral heels (P < 0.05) during the transitional changes between both states. Elite athletes had symmetrical and evenly distributed centers of gravity on both feet (left: 50.03 ± 4.47%; right: 49.97 ± 4.47%) when standing statically, along with symmetrical rearfoot angles and neutral position of the subtalar joint (left: 2.73 ± 2.30°; right: 2.70 ± 2.32°) even though they were statistically lower than those of the amateur athletes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The daily static and dynamic foot patterns of Taiwanese college elite table tennis players were characterized by plantar load distribution on the lateral metatarsals and the entire calcaneus along with balanced centers of gravity and normal rearfoot posture. This foot and posture layout outlines the excellent athletic performance of the foot and ankle in professional athletes. Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint (https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2993403/v1).
Nutritive Compounds of Traditional Rainfed Rice (Oryza glaberrima) from Goh-Djiboua and Mountains Districts in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Aurèle Aka Boigny Ange , Henri Biego Godi , Ysidor Konan N’Guessan , Beye Amadou Moustapha 
Published: March 2024

Aims: The biochemical composition of rainfed rice (Oryza glaberrima) consumed in Côte d'Ivoire has not yet been revealed, whereas rice is of the main staple foods for many people. This work investigates the main biochemical traits of numerous traditional rainfed rice varieties from Ivorian environment, namely in Gôh-Djiboua and Mountains Districts, for better valorization.
Study Design: Study performed on traditional rainfed rice varieties collected from 450 farmers in both regional Districts mentioned above. Shelled rice perceived per variety, conditioned, and total final 5.4 kg of resulted rice considered, 200g per variety, for due laboratory investigation.
Place and Duration of Study: Sampling between January and June 2017, full analysis by 2018 in Laboratory of Food Sciences, Felix Houphouët- Boigny University.
Methodology: All rice samples conveyed to laboratory, then 100g taken per variety, oven-dried at 50 °C/72 h, ground in metallic grinder, sealed into polyethylene bags, and kept into desiccator till analyses. Investigations consisted in triplicate evaluation of moisture, carbohydrates (total glucides, starch, soluble carbohydrates, reducing carbohydrates), fats, proteins, caloric energy, fibres, and ash by rice sample.
Results: Great variability (P<.001) recorded between rive samples for biochemical traits assessed. Thus, the variety Jbröko represents the most important source of glucides (84.19±0.37g/ 100 g) and caloric energy (322.17±0.37kcal/ 100 g) compared to the other varieties. Oppositely, the variety Yoroukouiagnêzê recorded the highest proteins content (7.27±0.03 g/100g), whereas Abê provides more food fibres (6.67±0.14g/ 100g). Otherwise, the variety Danané belating is richer in free soluble sugars (4.63±0.08 g/100 g), while Azi red displayed more moisture content (10.96±0.1%) and Gbêklêazi is richer in lipids with content of 1.26±0.21g/ 100g. The top ash and starch contents were respectively recovered from varieties Zonhonkloumin black (1.38±0.02 g/100 g) and Abê (71.99±0.03g/ 100g).
Conclusion: The studied rainfed rice record good nutritive traits above the widespread improved rice varieties. They remain significant caloric food resources thanks to considerable contents in glucides (varieties Abê, Akita, Jbröko, No-No-No, and Danané I), proteins, lipids, and significant amount of food fibre (varieties Boumabou, Glawlon, Dikouè, Loêgnini, and Danané fowl) and minerals. This nutritive composition could permit their quite usages for consumers and researchers, even though other investigations on the functional nutritional compounds should be performed.
Clinico-pathological Consistency in the Diagnosis of Skin Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Nigeria: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Obahiagbon I.  , Omatighene E. O. U.  
Published: March 2024

Background: The histopathological examination of representative skin biopsy specimens is widely regarded as the gold standard for the resolution of dermatological diagnostic dilemmas, especially with good clinico-pathological correlation, and the skin biopsy is the dermatologists’ most requested investigation. Studies on the clinico-pathological consistency in the diagnosis of skin disorders from our part of the world are very rare.
Objective: This study aimed at determining the consistency between the provisional clinical diagnosis and the histopathologiscal diagnosis of skin biopsy specimens.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out over a six-month period using specimens from the 58 patients who consented to skin biopsy during this time, and comparison was made between the provisional clinical diagnosis and the histopathological diagnosis.
Results: Of the 58 subjects that participated in the study, 29 were males and 29 were females. Their ages ranged between 7 and 68 years, with a mean age of 37.3 years.
The spectrum of histopathologically diagnosed disorders included skin tumours and tumour-like conditions (12 cases, 20.7%), psoriasiform disorders (10 cases, 17.2%), lichenoid disorders (9 cases, 15.5%), infectious disorders (8 cases, 13.8%), disorders of epidermal maturation and keratinization (7 cases, 12.1%), spongiotic disorders (7 cases, 12.1%), vesiculo-bullous disorders (3 cases, 5.2%), and others (3.4%). Overall, the histopathological diagnosis was consistent in 19 cases (32.8%), corroborative in 12 cases (20.7%), with clinico-pathological correlation, and inconsistent in 27 cases (46.6%), leading to the issuance of a completely new diagnosis.
Conclusion: The observed degree of clinico-pathological inconsistency in the evaluation and diagnosis of skin disorders in our environment implies that skin biopsy for histopathological examination is highly valuable if patients are to be issued the appropriate diagnoses for the avoidance of inappropriate treatments. The contribution of histopathology to the accuracy of dermatological diagnosis is significantly enhanced by clinico-pathological corroboration.
Effect of Risks Management on the Financial Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Kumshe Hauwa Modu , Umar Bamanga , Modibbo Salihu Aliyu 
Published: March 2024

This study examined the effect of risk management on the financial performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Adopting correlation research design, the target population was all the listed DMBs in Nigeria as at 31st December, 2022 and were nineteen (19) in number. Out of the 19 banks, 16 were purposively selected as sample based on the criteria that, the bank must have been listed before 31st December 2017 and also have complete annual report and account over the period of five years from 2018-2022. The study used descriptive statistics and panel regression analysis to analyze the data collected, and the results of the analyses revealed that, credit risk management, market risk management and capital adequacy risk management have positive and significant effect on the financial performance of the listed DMBs in Nigeria over the period of the study. However, liquidity risk management was found to have negative but insignificant effect on the financial performance of the banks. Hence, the study concluded that; effective risk management have positive and significant effect on the financial performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Based on these findings, this study recommends that; the management of listed DMBs in Nigeria should improve and strengthen their liquidity management strategies, while keeping adequate watch on credit risk, market risk, and capital adequacy risk to further improve their financial performance. Therefore, further studies could look into the effect of effective risk management process (risk identification, assessment, monitoring, and controlling process) on the financial performance of DMBs. Also, future studies could consider the impact of the adoption of IFRS on risk management and financial performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria.
Modeling the supercritical fluid extraction of hazelnut and walnut oils
Authors: Bernardo‐Gil M. Gabriela , Casquilho Miguel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractData from supercritical fluid extraction of hazelnut and walnut oils were modeled using the Sovová's mass transfer model. The extractions were carried out at temperature ranging from 308–321 K and pressure 18–23.4 MPa. For the hazelnut oil, the influence of superficial velocity of the fluid (CO2) was studied in the range (4.42–7.10) × 10−4 ms−1, for ground hazelnut with Dp = 0.7 mm. For the walnut oil, the influence of particle size was studied, in the range 0.01–0.5 mm, for 6.8 × 10−4 ms−1 of superficial velocity of the fluid. The overall mass transfer coefficients in the solvent phase and in the solid phase, the fraction of the solute directly exposed to the solvent, and the void fraction in the bed were selected as adjustable parameters. For hazelnut oil, values of these parameters were: ε = 0.273; fk = 0.668; Kf = (1.29–3.65) × 10−2 s−1; and Ks = (8.97–28.1) × 10−5 s−1. The Kf calculated by the Sherwood equations varied from 1.61 × 10−2 to 2.62 × 10−2 s−1, agreeing very well with values determined by the Sovová's model. For the walnut oil, ε varied from 0.142 to 0.225; fk = (0.339–0.581); Kf = (1.04–3.62) × 10−2 s−1; and Ks = (5.17–16.0) × 10−5 s−1. The Kf calculated by the Sherwood equations varied from 1.49 × 10−2 to 5.46 × 10−2 s−1, agreeing well with those obtained by Sovová's model. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
New insights in insect prey choice by chimpanzees and gorillas in Southeast Cameroon: The role of nutritional value
Authors: Deblauwe Isra , Janssens Geert P.J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe insect diet of chimpanzees and gorillas living at the northern periphery of the Dja Biosphere Reserve in southeast Cameroon and its nutritional contribution is described. We analyzed fecal samples and recorded additional evidence of insectivory. A detailed prey species list is presented for both apes. We carried out nutritional analyses (macronutrients, macro‐ and micro‐minerals) on 11 important and eight nonimportant, but accessible, ant and termite prey species, and estimated the average nutrient intake/day through insects. Although gorillas ate insects more frequently, the average prey biomass intake/day by chimpanzees was twice that by gorillas. The lack of tool‐use by gorillas cannot be the main reason for the small overlap of important prey species. Both apes did not seem to consume ant prey for one or more specific nutrients. Also other factors, such as medicinal use, should be considered. Termites, on the other hand, seemed to be selected for particular nutrients. Gorilla intake of the important termite prey, Cubitermes and Thoracotermes, met with estimated iron requirements. Their potential role as antidiarrheal treatment is as yet unclear. Chimpanzee intake of the important termite prey, Macrotermes spp., met with estimated manganese requirements and the protein intake/day (mean: 2 g/d) reached significant values (>20 g/d). To fully understand the importance of nutritional contributions of insects to ape diets in Cameroon, the chemical composition and nutrient intake of fruit and foliage in their diets should be investigated. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of pH sensitive poly(PEGDMA‐MAA) copolymeric microparticles for oral insulin delivery
Authors: Kumar Amit , Lahiri Sitanshu S. , Punyani Supriya , Singh Harpal 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates (PEGDMA) were synthesized by esterification reaction of different molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) with methacrylic acid in presence of acid catalyst. Their degrees of acrylation were found to be in the range of 93–95% using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PEG dimethacrylates of molecular weight ranging from 400 to 4000 and methacrylic acid were further copolymerized to obtain pH sensitive crosslinked hydrogel microparticles. The diameters of poly(PEGDMA‐MAA) microparticles increased with increasing molecular weight of the poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates and was found to be in the range of 0.4–2.7 μm at pH 7.4 and 5.2–25.3 μm at pH 2.5 in aqueous solution. Surface morphology of various polymeric samples were observed using SEM, which showed partial aggregation of particles at pH 2.5 but microparticles coalesce with each other and appeared like a continuous film at pH 7.4. In vitro insulin release studies were performed by simulating the condition of gastrointestinal tract, which showed only 18–25% insulin release into the aqueous medium at pH 2.5 in 90 min, while significantly higher release was observed at pH 7.4. In studies with diabetic rabbits, the blood glucose levels were lower for animals that received the insulin loaded hydrogel microparticles and the effect lasted for 8–10 h. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Immobilization of myoglobin from horse skeletal muscle in hydrophilic polymer networks
Authors: Castro‐Forero Angelines , Jiménez David , López‐Garriga Juan , Torres‐Lugo Madeline 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis work examines the immobilization of myoglobin from horse skeletal muscle in hydrophilic polymer networks. Due to specific changes in the spectroscopic properties of hemoproteins during ligand binding, they could be employed in optical sensing devices. Two immobilization techniques were considered: imbibition and entrapment. Anionic hydrogels composed of methacrylic acid (MAA), cationic hydrogels composed of dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM), and neutral hydrogels composed of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether monomethacrylate (PEGMA; molecular weight = 200, 400, or 1000), all crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) (molecular weight = 200, 600, or 1000), were synthesized by free‐radical solution polymerization. By the imbibition method, MAA‐based hydrogels incorporated the highest amount of myoglobin in comparison with PEGMA or DMAEM polymers. The evaluation of the correlation length of the networks revealed that MAA hydrogels had the highest correlation length in comparison with PEGMA‐containing matrices or DMAEM hydrogels. Release experiments from MAA hydrogels at pHs 5.8 and 7.0 showed that the solute‐transport mechanism was a combination of Fickian and chain relaxation diffusion. Myoglobin‐loaded MAA hydrogels retained their heme reactivity after the immobilization process. The release of myoglobin incorporated by entrapment in MAA–PEGDMA hydrogels was highly influenced by the chain relaxation process. The diffusion coefficients of myoglobin incorporated by entrapment into anionic hydrogels were 2 orders of magnitude smaller (∼ 10–13) than those for myoglobin incorporated by imbibition (10–11), both evaluated at pH 7.0. Substrate binding studies indicated that the protein biological activity was not compromised in those hydrogels loaded by the imbibition method, whereas prepolymeric solutions showed detrimental effects on protein stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Effect of the molecular architecture of graft copolymers on the phase morphology and tensile properties of PS/EVA blends
Authors: Soares Bluma G. , Moreira Ana C. F. , Sirqueira Alex S. , Barbosa Ronilson V. , Simão Renata A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractGraft copolymers of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) grafted with polystyrene (PS) with different molecular weight and different EVA/PS ratio were prepared by coupling reaction between acyl chloride functionalized PS (PS‐COCl) and hydrolyzed EVA. PS‐COCl with controlled molecular weight was prepared by anionic polymerization of styrene, followed by end capping with phosgene. The effect of the molecular architecture of the graft copolymer on the compatibilization of PS/EVA blends was investigated. Substantial improvement in the elongation at break and ductility was observed using the graft copolymer with PS segments with molecular weight as high as 66,000 g/mol and with a PS proportion equal or higher than EVA. The effect of the compatibilization on the morphology was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The blend that presented the highest value of elongation at break also displayed dispersed phase constituted by inclusions of the PS phase inside the EVA particle forming a cocontinuous structure, as observed by AFM. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008