bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutron Response Function for BC-523A Scintillation Detector in the Energy Range 0.5 MeV to 20 MeV
Authors: Cvachovec J. , Cvachovec F. , Ošmera B. , Pošta S. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
In the paper, the physical model of a doped scintilator is described. The Monte Carlo type code NEU-7 [Cvachovec, Cvachovec, and Tajovsky, Nucl. Math. Inst. Phys. Res. A, Vol. 476, 2002, pp. 200–202], which was created for a NE-213 and stilben type scintillators containing also hydrogen and carbon only, was extended for scintillators containing 10B, 11B, and O also.
The modified NEU-7 code is called NEUB-7, and with it the response function for scintilator BC-523A doped with 4.41 % 10B was calculated. The dimensions of the cylindrical scintilator are 5 × 6 in.2, corresponding to the real detector. The created response matrix was implemented in the unfolding code with the maximum likelihood method.
A Simplified Modeling Approach for Predicting Global Distortion in Large Metallic Parts Caused by the Installation of Interference Fit Bushings
Authors: Widdle Richard D. , Firth Lee C. , Reed Paul W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
One technique for improving the fatigue life of a fastener hole in a built-up metallic structure is to use an interference fit bushing. The installation of these bushings produces residual compressive stresses around the hole that improve the fatigue life. It also causes residual strains and therefore distortion of the part. The distortion is both in-plane growth of the part and out-of-plane deflection, or cupping. The resulting distortion can cause difficulty in downstream assembly, such as misalignment of fastener holes or a misfit of mating surfaces. For small parts with only a few bushings, it is possible to predict the distortion by explicitly modeling the installation process by using a finite element approach. However, for a large part with many bushings, it is not practical to build a model with a detailed finite element representation of each bushing installation. In this work, a simplified approach is presented for predicting the global distortion of large shell-like parts that is caused by installing many interference fit bushings. The simplified approach consists of representing the bushings with equivalent springs in a shell-based finite element model of a large part. In this approach, the equivalent springs are not constructed with spring elements that are commonly found in finite element codes. Rather, the equivalent springs are constructed with a number of shell elements in two layers. The properties of the elements that make up the equivalent springs are estimated from experiments on small test coupons. The same springs, with the same calibrated parameters, are then applied to the larger part of interest. Results indicate that this approach can be used to estimate the distortion that can be expected in a large part that is cause by the installation of interference fit bushings.
The Chromosome 11 Region From Strain 129 Provides Protection From Sex Reversal in XYPOS Mice
Authors: Nikolova Ganka , Sinsheimer Janet S , Eicher Eva M , Vilain Eric 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
C57BL/6J (B6) mice containing the Mus domesticus poschiavinus Y chromosome, YPOS, develop ovarian tissue, whereas testicular tissue develops in DBA/2J or 129S1/SvImJ (129) mice containing the YPOS chromosome. To identify genes involved in sex determination, we used a congenic strain approach to determine which chromosomal regions from 129Sl/SvImJ provide protection against sex reversal in XYPOS mice of the C57BL/6J.129-YPOS strain. Genome scans using microsatellite and SNP markers identified a chromosome 11 region of 129 origin in C57BL/6J.129-YPOS mice. To determine if this region influenced testis development in XYPOS mice, two strains of C57BL/6J-YPOS mice were produced and used in genetic experiments. XYPOS adults homozygous for the 129 region had a lower incidence of sex reversal than XYPOS adults homozygous for the B6 region. In addition, many homozygous 129 XYPOS fetuses developed normal-appearing testes, an occurrence never observed in XYPOS mice of the C57BL/6J-YPOS strain. Finally, the amount of testicular tissue observed in ovotestes of heterozygous 129/B6 XYPOS fetuses was greater than the amount observed in ovotestes of homozygous B6 XYPOS fetuses. We conclude that a chromosome 11 locus derived from 129Sl/SvImJ essentially protects against sex reversal in XYPOS mice. A number of genes located in this chromosome 11 region are discussed as potential candidates.
Intravascular Volume Administration: A Contributing Risk Factor for Intracranial Hemorrhage During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation?
Authors: de Mol Amerik C. , Gerrits Luella C. , van Heijst Arno F. J. , Straatman Huub , van der Staak Frans H. J. M. , Liem Kian D. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the frequency and total volume of intravascular volume administration and the development of intracranial hemorrhage during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.METHODS. In a retrospective, matched, case-control study, 24 newborns who developed an intracranial hemorrhage during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment were compared with 40 control subjects. Both groups were analyzed for gestational age, gender, race, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, birth weight, cardiopulmonary resuscitation before venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, age at the start of treatment, duration of treatment, worst arterial blood gas sample preceding treatment, activated clotting time values, need for platelet transfusions, mean blood pressure, and the use of inotropics and steroids before the treatment. For both groups, total number and volume of intravascular infusions of normal saline, pasteurized plasma protein solution, erythrocytes, and platelets during the first 24 hours of treatment were determined. Variables were analyzed in their relationship to intracranial hemorrhage by using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression.RESULTS. The only statistically significant difference in patient characteristics between the case patients and control subjects was arterial blood gas values. Newborns who developed intracranial hemorrhage during the treatment received both a statistically significantly higher number and a statistically significantly higher total volume of intravascular volume administrations compared with control patients. After adjustment for pH, Paco2, and Pao2 in the multivariate analysis, we found a significant relation between the development of intracranial hemorrhage and &gt;8 infusions or &gt;300 mL of volume infusion in the first 8 hours and &gt;10 infusions in the first 24 hours of treatment.CONCLUSIONS. The number and total volume of intravascular volume administration in the first 8 and 24 hours of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment are statistically significantly related to the development of intracranial hemorrhage.
Effect of Different Levels of Fine-Sediment Loading on the Escapement Success of Rainbow Trout Fry from Artificial Redds
Authors: Fudge Thomas S. , Wautier Kerry G. , Evans Robert E. , Palace Vince P. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Increased sedimentation from logging operations can affect water flow over salmonid redds, potentially impairing embryonic development in incubating eggs and fry. Effects may result from reduced oxygen delivery or waste removal or from physical entrapment of fry by sediment cap formation. A system of artificial redds was used to examine the effects of varying loads of mixed fine sediments on the escapement success of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. Replicates of 80 eyed rainbow trout eggs were seeded in redds loaded with low (11.8%), medium (21.2%), high (28.6%), or no (0%) additional fine sediments. Interstitial oxygen saturation was determined in each chamber throughout incubation and emergence. Total percent emergence, residual yolk sac remaining, prevalence of deformities, and condition factor were determined in emergent fry. Fry began to emerge at 507.6 degree-days postfertilization, and overall emergence was more than 70% in all treatment levels. Emergence rate patterns approximated a normal distribution in all treatment groups except for the high-sediment-loaded redds. Emergence of fry from the high-sediment-load chambers was greater initially and exhibited a slower, more continuous pattern. The formation of a sediment cap in the redds with high-sediment loading appears to have significantly altered the emergence pattern of developing fry. Mean oxygen saturation was more than 79% in all groups and was not correlated to sediment load. Residual yolk was not different among fry from any of the groups throughout the emergence period. Fry condition factor decreased significantly over the sampling period, but there were no statistically significant differences among treatments.
Venous Thromboembolic Events and Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents: An Update
Authors: Dicato Mario 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are frequent in cancer patients because of the effects of malignant disease, its treatment, and comorbidities. The higher risk for VTEs associated with the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) appears to be a class effect but may be particularly pronounced when these agents are used in patients who are not anemic at baseline and/or to achieve hemoglobin targets higher than those recommended in current labeling. Particular attention should be taken to assess the balance of risks and benefits in patients with a history of thromboembolism. If the goal of treatment of patients with chemotherapy-associated anemia is aimed to raise the hemoglobin level to 12 g/dl, and is confined to that, ESA-induced VTEs should rarely be a problem.
An analytic equation of state based on analytic mean-field potential approach and application to three phases of metallic Zirconium
Authors: Tian Ronggang , Sun Jiuxun , Yang Wei , Xue Xinying , Yu Fei 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The analytic mean-field approach (AMFP) was applied to study the thermodynamic properties of Zirconium (Zr). The analytic expressions for the Helmholtz free energy, internal energy and equation of state have been derived. The formalism for the case of the Morse potential is used in this work. The four potential parameters are determined by fitting the molar volume of the three phases of Zr. The calculated molar volume of α, β and ω Zr are in fairly good agreement with the available experimental data. The results presented in this paper verify that the AMFP is a useful approach to study the thermodynamic properties of Zr. Furthermore, we predict the variation of the relationship of free energy and internal energy versus the molar volume at various temperatures and the dependence of the bulk modulus, the thermal expansion coefficient and the heat capacity on temperature at zero pressure of α, β and ω Zr.
Tribological properties of paraffin oil doped with liquid crystalline mezogenes
Authors: Ważyńska B. , Okowiak J. , Kołacz S. , Małysa A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe paper presents description and analysis of the results obtained in the investigation performed on a disc-ball tribotester T-11. Samples of 100Cr6 steel were tested, while as lubricant the mixtures of paraffin oil, with addition of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% of liquid crystalline compounds, from two homologous series defined with nOBCAB and nCBB symbols, were used. The friction force and wear of a sample and a counter-sample were measured. The improvement in tribological and anti-wear properties was found for all mixtures in relation to paraffin oil. The best tribological properties and the best wearability were obtained for mixtures with a compound 8CBB. This compound differs from the others in formation of different liquid crystalline phases.
Sequential convergences on MV-algebras without Urysohn’s axiom
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
In a previous author’s paper, sequential convergences on an MV-algebra have been studied; the Urysohn’s axiom was assumed to be valid. The system of all such convergences was denoted by Conv . In the present paper we investigate analogous questions without supposing the validity of the Urysohn’s axiom; the corresponding system of convergences is denoted by conv . Both Conv and conv are partially ordered by the set-theoretical inclusion. We deal with the properties of conv 289-6 and the relations between conv and Conv . We prove that each interval of conv is a distributive lattice. The system conv has the least element, but it does not possess any atom. Hence it is either a singleton set or it is infinite. We consider also the relations between conv and conv G, where (G, u) is a unital lattice-ordered group with = Γ (G, u).
Asymptotic formulas for certain arithmetic functions
Authors: Garaev M. , Kühleitner M. , Luca F. , Nowak W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
This is an extended summary of a talk given by the last named author at the Czecho-Slovake Number Theory Conference 2005, held at Malenovice in September 2005. It surveys some recent results concerning asymptotics for a class of arithmetic functions, including, e.g., the second moments of the number-of-divisors function d(n) and of the function r(n) which counts the number of ways to write a positive integer as a sum of two squares. For the proofs, reference is made to original articles by the authors published elsewhere.
A submerged membrane reactor for continuous phenol hydroxylation over TS‐1
Authors: Lu Changjuan , Chen Rizhi , Xing Weihong , Jin Wanqin , Xu Nanping 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCoupling a heterogeneous catalytic reaction with a membrane separation can solve the problem concerning catalyst separation in situ from the reaction mixture and make the production process continuous. In this article, the feasibility of continuous hydroxylation of phenol to hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CA) over ultrafine TS‐1 catalyst in a submerged ceramic membrane reactor system is investigated. It has demonstrated that the submerged ceramic membrane reactor system can maintain a steady production of HQ and CA, and has a higher productivity than the batch reactor and the fixed‐bed. The effects of operation conditions on the properties of the coupling process are examined by single factor experiments. Results show that the operation conditions influence greatly the conversion, selectivity of phenol hydroxylation, and the filtration resistance. The phenol conversion is above 17% and the dihydroxybenzene (DHB) selectivity keeps at about 90% in a 20 h continuous run under the optimal reaction condition. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Climate variables as predictors of basal metabolic rate: New equations
Authors: Froehle Andrew W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEstimation of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and daily energy expenditure (DEE) in living humans and in fossil hominins can be used to understand the way populations adapt to different environmental and nutritional circumstances. One variable that should be considered in such estimates is climate, which may influence between‐population variation in BMR. Overall, populations living in warmer climates tend to have lower BMR than those living in colder climates, even after controlling for body size and composition. Current methods of estimating BMR ignore climate, or deal with its effects in an insufficient manner. This may affect studies that use the factorial method to estimate DEE from BMR, when BMR is not measured but predicted using an equation. The present meta‐analysis of published BMR uses stepwise regression to investigate whether the inclusion of climate variables can produce a generally applicable model for human BMR. Regression results show that mean annual temperature and high heat index temperature have a significant effect on BMR, along with body size, age and sex. Based on the regression analysis, equations predicting BMR from body size and climate variables were derived and compared with existing equations. The new equations are generally more accurate and more consistent across climates than the older ones. Estimates of DEE in living and fossil humans using the new equations are compared with estimates using previously published equations, illustrating the utility of including climate variables in estimates of BMR. The new equations derived here may prove useful for future studies of human energy expenditure. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, spectral characterization, electrochemistry and catalytic activities of Cu(II) complexes of bifunctional tridentate Schiff bases containing ONO donors
Authors: Manimaran A. , Prabhakaran R. , Deepa T. , Natarajan K. , Jayabalakrishnan C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractParamagnetic copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(PPh3)(L)] (where L = bifunctional tridentate Schiff bases) were synthesized from the reaction of anthranillic acid with salicylaldehyde (H2L1), 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde (H2L2), o‐hydroxyacetophenone (H2L3) and o‐vanillin (H2L4) with monomeric metal precursor [CuCl2(PPh3)2]. The obtained complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptility and spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR, UV–vis and EPR and cyclic voltammetry). EPR and redox potential studies have been carried out to elucidate the electronic structure, nature of metal–ligand bonding and electrochemical features. EPR spectra exhibit a four line pattern with nitrogen super‐hyperfine couplings originating from imine nitrogen atom. These planar complexes possess a significant amount of tetrahedral distortion leading to a pseudo‐square planar geometry, as is evidenced from EPR properties. Cyclic voltammograms of all the complexes display quasireversible oxidations, Cu(III)Cu(II), in the range 0.31–0.45 V and reduction peaks, Cu(II)Cu(I),in the range −0.29 to −0.36 V, involving a large geometrical change and irreversible. The observed redox potentials vary with respect to the size of the chelate ring of the Schiff base ligands. Further, the catalytic activity of all the complexes has been found to be high towards the oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones in the presence of N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide as co‐oxidant. The formation of high valent CuIVO oxo species as a catalytic intermediate is proposed for the catalytic process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis, characterization, biotoxicity and antispermatogenic activity of some antimony(III) complexes with N∩O and N∩S donor ligands
Authors: Mahajan Karuna , Swami Monika , Joshi S. C. , Singh R. V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNew series of phenylantimony chloride and antimony chloride with Schiff base ligands, L1H and L2H having N∩S and N∩O donor systems were synthesized under microwave irradiation using a domestic microwave oven. The reaction time was brought down from hours to a few seconds with improved yield as compared with conventional heating. All the ligands and their antimony(III) derivatives were characterized on the basis of microanalysis, elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations and spectral studies including IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and electronic spectral studies. A distorted trigonal bipyramidal and pseudo‐octahedral geometry around the antimony atom was tentatively proposed for these derivatives. The compounds were screened in vitro against bacteria and fungi to test their antimicrobial property and in vivo in male albino rats to test their antifertility properties. The treatment with the ligands and their phenylantimony derivatives at dose levels of 20 mg per rat per day did not cause any significant change in body weight, but a significant reduction in the weights of reproductive organs was observed. Arrest of spermatogenesis was noted at various stages with production of primary spermatocytes (preleptotene and pachytene), secondary spermatocytes and step‐19 spermatids found to be decreased. Biochemical parameters of tissues, i.e. protein, sialic acid, cholesterol content of testes and seminal vesicular fructose also showed significant reduction. Further, the serum testosterone concentrations were also decreased after treatment with ligands and their antimony(III) derivatives. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miscible polyisoprene/polybutadiene blends: Relationship between average statistical segment length and vinyl content
Authors: Ambler Michael R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAverage statistical segment lengths for a series of miscible protonated polyisoprene/deuterated polybutadiene (HPI/DPB) blends with considerable range in vinyl contents and blend ratios are used to determine average statistical segment lengths of the two polydienes in those blends. These blends exhibit a minimum in the plot of blend average statistical segment length versus blend total vinyl content because in blends the average statistical segment length of DPB decreases as both DPB vinyl content and HPI vinyl content increases and the average statistical segment length of HPI increases as both HPI vinyl content and DPB vinyl content increases. In a blend, both polydienes are more flexible than they are as isolated homopolymers. The increased flexibility of both polydienes when miscibly blended is due to immiscibility on a molecular scale, manifesting itself as an increase of free volume and allowing increased segmental mobility and depressed Tg. There is a matrix effect on the flexibility of each polydiene in a miscible blend. The vinyl content of each polydiene influences the average statistical segment length of the other polydiene. In miscible HPI/DPB blends (as well as polydiene homopolymers), the average statistical segment length of each polydiene chain can be viewed not as an inherent physical property describing the chain's flexibility, rather its flexibility is influenced by the vinyl content of the polydiene chains with which it is entangled. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Cure behavior of epoxy‐cyanate ester blend in composite systems: Evaluation studies in neat resin cast by thermal and FTIR techniques
Authors: Ravi Sekhar K. , Kishore  , Sankaran S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe post‐cure behavior of a commercially available DGEBA‐based epoxy modified cyanate ester resin (1,1‐bis (4‐cyanato phenyl) ethane) was investigated by thermo analytical techniques and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermally initiated resin cure was carried out at 170°C/1 h followed by 180°C/2 h. Two different post‐cure procedures, (PCPs), PCP‐I (210°C/2 h + 250°C/1 h) and PCP‐II (280°C/3 h), were independently followed for the cured resin material. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) characterization of the resin casts indicated significant lowering of glass transition temperature (Tg), by about 35°C in PCP‐II casts in comparison with PCP‐I, though the former was post cured at higher temperature. However, the PCP‐II specimens recorded considerable enhancement in storage modulus values at room temperature and above till about the Tg region. FTIR spectroscopic studies of the resin cast support the formation of both cyanurate triazine ring (1563 cm−1, 1368 cm−1) and oxazolidinone ring (1736 cm−1) for the PCP‐I resin cast while in the PCP‐II specimens the former, namely the cyanurate formation was found to be absent. The absence of rigid cyanurate triazine rings in PCP‐II was further strengthened by the tanδ max values observed in these resin casts by DMA. The DMA and differential scanning calorimetry gave comparable Tg values for both the PCP‐I and PCP‐II resin casts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008