bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop border and mineral oil sprays used in combination as physical control methods of the aphid‐transmitted potato virus Y in potato
Authors: Boiteau Gilles , Singh Mathuresh , Lavoie Jacques 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objectives of this work were to determine if the control of potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) in seed potato could be improved by combining border crops and mineral oil sprays, and if the border crop acts as a barrier or a virus sink.RESULTS: Field tests over 3 years confirmed that mineral oils alone are an effective barrier to PVY, and showed that borders alone act as a PVY sink. Combining the familiar mineral oil and the more recent crop border methods was almost twice as effective in reducing PVY incidence as either one used alone. The combination provided consistently high PVY control compared with the variable and often lower level of control by either method alone. The contribution of the oil to PVY reduction was similar whether it was applied to the border, the center seed plot, or both. Oil application to the border alone should not affect efficacy and would help keep control costs down.CONCLUSION: Combining border and oil provided the best reduction in PVY incidence 3 years out of 3, providing producers with a tool to reduce year‐to‐year variation in the effectiveness of crop borders or oil sprays used separately. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
New waves of immigration to small towns and rural areas in Portugal
Authors: Fonseca Maria Lucinda 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn the last decade the geography of immigration to Portugal has undergone profound change. In particular there has been a diversification of sending countries, and Eastern Europe, especially the Ukraine, Moldova, Romania and Russia, has become a major origin of migrants. The majority have settled in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, but there is dispersal to all parts of the country.This paper examines recent immigration trends to small towns and rural areas in Portugal and discusses its effects on regional development. The study is based upon the analysis of official data sources and interviews carried out in municipalities located in the Alentejo region. This region remains rural with a significant ageing population and is undergoing a process of demographic decline. Following the analysis of the settlement patterns and the integration of immigrants in the labour market, some remarks are made about future trends of immigration to rural regions experiencing population loss, and its impacts upon the regional development process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC PROGRESSIONS IN PRODUCT SETS OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: SHPARLINSKI IGOR E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGiven two sets ${\mathcal A}, {\mathcal B} \subseteq \mathbb {F}_q$ of elements of the finite field 𝔽q of q elements, we show that the product set contains an arithmetic progression of length k≥3 provided that k<p, where p is the characteristic of 𝔽q, and #𝒜#ℬ≥3q2d−2/k. We also consider geometric progressions in a shifted product set 𝒜ℬ+h, for f∈𝔽q, and obtain a similar result.
ON SKEW-SUPERCOMMUTING MAPS IN SUPERALGEBRAS
Authors: WANG YU 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLet A be a semiprime superalgebra over a commutative ring F with $\frac {1}{2}$ and f:A→A a skew-supercommuting map on A. We show that f=0. This gives a version of Brešar’s theorem for superalgebras.
Subungual melanoma: Histological examination of 50 cases from early stage to bone invasion
Authors: IZUMI Miki , OHARA Kuniaki , HOASHI Toshihiko , NAKAYAMA Hiroko , CHIU Cheng‐Sheng , NAGAI Takeshi , MATSUBAYASHI Jun , IWAYA Keiichi , MUKAI Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTSubungual melanoma is a rare form of malignant melanoma. It is extremely difficult to differentiate it histologically from benign melanonychia striata or melanocytic nevus, especially in the early stage. We divided 50 cases of subungual melanoma into four groups according to clinical progress, and examined their histological findings in each respective stage. In the early stage (19 cases), atypical melanocytes were polygonal showing slight nuclear atypia with no mitoses at all. In six out of 19 cases (31.6%), the atypical melanocytes proliferated more in the hyponychium than in the nail matrix, and only very few in the nail bed. Periungual pigmentation (Hutchinson's sign) appeared from the early stage in almost all cases. With stage progression (middle stage, 13 cases; progressive stage, 13 cases; and bone invasive stage, five cases) the number of atypical melanocytes and their degree of nuclear atypia increased, and the ascent of atypical melanocytes and pagetoid spread became conspicuous. Mitoses became apparent only from the progressive stage. From these observations, we would like to propose three new pathological clues of early stage subungual melanoma: (i) “skip lesion”, proliferation of the tumor cells are more prominent in the hyponychium than in the nail bed or nail matrix; (ii) histological confirmation of Hutchinson's sign; and (iii) epithelial thickening and/or compact arrangement of the elongated basal cells.
Systematic review: Heliocobacter pylori infection and impaired drug absorption
Authors: LAHNER E. , ANNIBALE B. , DELLE FAVE G. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground  Impaired acid secretion may affect drug absorption and may be consequent to corporal Heliocobacter pylori‐gastritis, which may affect the absorption of orally administered drugs.Aim  To focus on the evidence of impaired drug absorption associated with H. pylori infection.Methods  Data sources were the systematic search of MEDLINE/EMBASE/SCOPUS databases (1980–April 2008) for English articles using the keywords: drug malabsorption/absorption, stomach, Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, gastric acid, gastric pH, hypochlorhydria, gastric hypoacidity. Study selection was made from 2099 retrieved articles, five studies were identified. Data were extracted from selected papers, investigated drugs, study type, main features of subjects, study design, intervention type and results were extracted.Results  In all, five studies investigated impaired absorption of l‐dopa, thyroxine and delavirdine in H. pylori infection. Eradication treatment led to 21–54% increase in l‐dopa in Parkinon’s disease. Thyroxine requirement was higher in hypochlorhydric goitre with H. pylori‐gastritis and thyrotropin levels decreased by 94% after treatment. In H. pylori‐ and HIV‐positive hypochlorhydric subjects, delavirdine absorption increased by 57% with orange juice administration and by 150% after eradication.Conclusions  A plausible mechanism of impaired drug absorption is decreased acid secretion in H. pylori‐gastritis patients. Helicobacter pylori infection and hypochlorhydria should be considered in prescribing drugs the absorption of which is potentially affected by intragastric pH.
Persistent low thymic activity and non-cardiac mortality in children with chromosome 22q11·2 microdeletion and partial DiGeorge syndrome
Authors: Eberle P , Berger C , Junge S , Dougoud S , Büchel E Valsangiacomo , Riegel M , Schinzel A , Seger R , Güngör T 
Published: November 2008

Summary
A subgroup of patients with 22q11·2 microdeletion and partial DiGeorge syndrome (pDGS) appears to be susceptible to non-cardiac mortality (NCM) despite sufficient overall CD4+ T cells. To detect these patients, 20 newborns with 22q11·2 microdeletion and congenital heart disease were followed prospectively for 6 years. Besides detailed clinical assessment, longitudinal monitoring of naive CD4+ and cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T cells (CTL) was performed. To monitor thymic activity, we analysed naive platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31+) expressing CD45RA+RO-CD4+ cells containing high numbers of T cell receptor excision circle (TREC)-bearing lymphocytes and compared them with normal values of healthy children (n = 75). Comparing two age periods, low overall CD4+ and naive CD4+ T cell numbers were observed in 65%/75%, respectively, of patients in period A (&lt; 1 year) declining to 22%/50%, respectively, of patients in period B (&gt; 1/&lt; 7 years). The percentage of patients with low CTLs (&lt; P10) remained robust until school age (period A: 60%; period B: 50%). Low numbers of CTLs were associated with abnormally low naive CD45RA+RO-CD4+ T cells. A high-risk (HR) group (n = 11) and a standard-risk (SR) (n = 9) group were identified. HR patients were characterized by low numbers of both naive CD4+ and CTLs and were prone to lethal infectious and lymphoproliferative complications (NCM: four of 11; cardiac mortality: one of 11) while SR patients were not (NCM: none of nine; cardiac mortality: two of nine). Naive CD31+CD45RA+RO-CD4+, naive CD45RA+RO-CD4+ T cells as well as TRECs/106 mononuclear cells were abnormally low in HR and normal in SR patients. Longitudinal monitoring of naive CD4+ and cytotoxic T cells may help to discriminate pDGS patients at increased risk for NCM.
Complement 4 phenotypes and genotypes in Brazilian patients with classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Guerra-Junior G , Grumach A Sevciovic , De Lemos-Marini S H Valente , Kirschfink M , Neto A Condino , De Araujo M , De Mello M Palandi 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe aim of this work was to analyse C4 genotypes, C4 protein levels, phenotypes and genotypes in patients with the classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Fifty-four patients from 46 families (36 female, 18 male; mean age 10·8 years) with different clinical manifestations (31 salt-wasting; 23 simple-virilizing) were studied. Taq I Southern blotting was used to perform molecular analysis of the C4/CYP21 gene cluster and the genotypes were defined according to gene organization within RCCX modules. Serum C4 isotypes were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results revealed 12 different haplotypes of the C4/CYP21 gene cluster. Total functional activity of the classical pathway (CH50) was reduced in individuals carrying different genotypes because of low C4 concentrations (43% of all patients) to complete or partial C4 allotype deficiency. Thirteen of 54 patients presented recurrent infections affecting the respiratory and/or the urinary tracts, none of them with severe infections. Low C4A or C4B correlated well with RCCX monomodular gene organization, but no association between C4 haplotypes and recurrent infections or autoimmunity was observed. Considering this redundant gene cluster, C4 seems to be a well-protected gene segment along the evolutionary process.
Clinical Immunology Review Series: An approach to the management of pulmonary disease in primary antibody deficiency
Authors: Tarzi M D , Grigoriadou S , Carr S B , Kuitert L M , Longhurst H J 
Published: November 2008

SummaryARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THIS CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW SERIESallergy in childhood, allergy diagnosis by use of the clinical immunology laboratory, anaphylaxis, angioedema, management of pulmonary disease in primary antibody deficiency, recurrent infections in childhood, recurrent infections in adulthood, recurrent oro-genital ulceration, recurrent superficial abscesses, SLE and Sjögren's syndrome, urticaria, vasculitis/CTDThe sinopulmonary tract is the major site of infection in patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes, and structural lung damage arising from repeated sepsis is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency may, in addition, develop inflammatory lung disease, often associated with multi-system granulomatous disease. This review discusses the presentation and management of lung disease in patients with primary antibody deficiency.
Telenurses’ understanding of work: detective or educator?
Authors: Kaminsky Elenor , Rosenqvist Urban , Holmström Inger 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTitle.  Telenurses’ understanding of work: detective or educator? Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to describe the different ways of understanding work among a group of Swedish telenurses.Background.  Telenursing is an expanding service in many western countries and telenursing work is likely to be understood in a variety of ways. The way in which a person understands work influences how work is performed. Telenursing demands high levels of competence.Method.  A qualitative interview study was conducted during 2004–2005. Twelve of the 20 telenurses working at a call centre in Sweden were interviewed, five of them twice because of organizational changes. The 17 interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.Findings.  Five different categories were identified in the data: (1) Assess, refer and give advice to the caller (2) Support the caller (3) Strengthen the caller (4) Teach the caller and (5) Facilitate the caller’s learning. The first category can be seen as a base for telenursing work and was the only category used by some telenurses. The second category has components of traditional caring and the third is a coaching function. The fourth category contains a teaching component, but the fifth is the only category where the caller’s learning is in focus. Telenurses who reported the fifth way also included all other ways of understanding work. Hence, this seems to be the most comprehensive way of understanding work.Conclusion.  The categories together constitute a telenursing ‘workmap’. This ‘workmap’ can be used for reflection to expand telenurses’ current understanding of work, and hence promote competence development. Telenurses need to be aware of their role in public health education.
Erythrophagosomal haemolytic degradative pathway in rat brown adipocytes induced by hyperinsulinaemia: an ultrastructural study
Authors: GRUBIC M. , UKROPINA M. , CAKIC‐MILOSEVIC M. , KORAC A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe phagocytosis and degradation of erythrocytes were studied in brown adipose tissue of experimentally hyperinsulinaemic rats. We found that insulin induces intensive erythrophagocytosis by brown adipocytes and their degradation by haemolytic pathway. Ultrastuctural study revealed that haemolytic degradation of erythrophagosomes was characterized by progressive and uniform decrease of erythrocyte matrix density. At the beginning of the degradative process small, clear vesicles resembling primary lysosomes were visible inside the erythrophagosome. With time, the erythrocyte structure totally disappeared and transformed into a fine, granular material within the erythrophagosomal vacuole. Finally, the erythrocyte membrane detached from the phagosomal and clumped into the vacuolar space forming one or several small myelin‐like figures. In conclusion, brown adipocytes are capable of performing intensive erythrophagocytic activity when brown adipose tissue is stimulated and blood flow is enhanced. The molecular basis for favouring a haemolytic instead of more common granular erythrophagosomal degradative pathway remains unknown.
Morphology and viscoelastic properties of sealing materials based on EPDM rubber
Authors: MILIĆ J. , AROGUZ A. , BUDINSKI‐SIMENDIĆ J. , RADIČEVIĆ R. , PRENDZOV S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn this applicative study, the ratio of active and inactive filler loadings was the prime factor for determining the dynamic–mechanical behaviour of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubbers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the structure of reinforced dense and microcellular elastomeric materials. The effects of filler and blowing agent content on the morphology of composites were investigated. Microcellular samples cured in salt bath show smaller cells and uniform cell size compared with samples cured in hot air. Dynamic–mechanical thermal analysis showed appreciable changes in the viscoelastic properties by increasing active filler content, which could enable tailoring the material properties to suit sealing applications.
Fractographic analysis of fatigue damage in 7000aluminium alloys
Authors: CVIJOVIĆ Z. , VRATNICA M. , GERIĆ K. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn this paper, an attempt is made to correlate the fatigue damage in 7000 aluminium alloys with different impurity contents to the microstructural features and to explain their interdependence through fractographic observations. The Paris constants of these alloys in the form of hot‐forged plates subjected to the overaged T73 temper are evaluated and differences in the fatigue crack growth rate described by striation spacing measurements. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fatigue fracture surfaces revealed that the type and morphological parameters of coarse intermetallic particles play a critical role in fatigue crack growth behaviour. The elemental distribution determined by means of energy‐dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that the fractured particles accelerating the crack advances are larger particles of Fe‐rich phases. The fatigue crack growth rate increases considerably with increasing amounts of these particles. The smaller η, S and Mg2Si particles contribute beneficially to fatigue life.
Moisture and gamma‐ray irradiation effects on the mechanical properties of carbon fibre–reinforced plastics
Authors: SEKULIĆ D. , BOŽIĆ D. , BABIĆ B. , STAŠIĆ J. , STEVANOVIĆ M. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe effects of γ‐irradiation and moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres–epoxy resin composites were studied. The properties dominated by the matrix and fibre–matrix interface (interlaminar and in‐plane shear strength) were measured at room temperature using standard tests. These tests were carried out before and after exposures to gamma irradiation and before and after immersion in water at 80°C during 21 days. The dosage of gamma irradiation was up to 11.7 MGy. The micrographs of surfaces fractured in performed tests were observed on a scanning electron microscope. They were analyzed with consulting the stated effects on mechanical properties and the measured values of the glass transition temperature of tested coupons before and after irradiation and immersion in water. The obtained results show that moisture and irradiation, if they act one after the other, have a significant influence on the degradation of matrix‐dominated mechanical properties of the tested carbon–epoxy composite.
Modelling and experimental investigations of thin filmsof Mg phosphorus‐doped tungsten bronzes obtainedby ultrasonic spray pyrolysis
Authors: JOKANOVIĆ V. , NEDIĆ Z. , ČOLOVIĆ B. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn this study, the synthesis of thin films of Mg phosphorus doped tungsten bronzes (MgPTB; MgHPW12O40·29H2O) by the self‐assembly of nano‐structured particles of MgPTB obtained using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method was investigated. As the precursor, MgPTB, prepared by the ionic exchange method, was used. Nano‐structured particles of MgPTB were obtained using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The nano‐structure of the particles used as the building blocks in the MgPTB thin film were investigated experimentally and theoretically, applying the model given in this article. The obtained data for the mean particle size and their size distribution show a high degree of agreement. These previously tailored particles used for the preparation of thin films during the next synthesis step, by their self‐assembly over slow deposition on a silica glass substrate, show how it is possible to create thin MgPTB films under advance projected conditions of the applied physical fields with a fully determined nanostructure of their building block particles, with a relatively small roughness and unique physical properties.
Nitric oxide regulates mitochondrial re‐modelling in interscapular brown adipose tissue: ultrastructural and morphometric‐stereologic studies
Authors: PETROVIĆ V. , KORAĆ A. , BUZADŽIĆ B. , VASILIJEVIĆ A. , JANKOVIĆ A. , MIĆUNOVIĆ K. , KORAĆ B. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryAs a complex, cell‐specific process that includes both division and clear functional differentiation of mitochondria, mitochondriogenesis is regulated by numerous endocrine and autocrine factors. In the present ultrastructural study, in vivo effects of l‐arginine‐nitric oxide (NO)‐producing pathway on mitochondriogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were examined. For that purpose, adult Mill Hill hybrid hooded rats were receiving l‐arginine, a substrate of NO synthases (NOSs), or Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), an inhibitor of NOSs, as drinking liquids for 45 days. All experimental groups were divided into two sub‐groups – acclimated to room temperature and cold. IBAT mitochondria were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and stereology. l‐Arginine treatment acted increasing the number of mitochondrial profiles per cell profile, as well as volume fraction of mitochondria per cell volume in animals maintained at room temperature. Cold‐induced enhancement of number of mitochondrial profiles per cell profile was additionally increased in l‐arginine‐treated rats. Ultrastructural examinations of l‐arginine‐treated cold‐acclimated animals clearly demonstrated thermogenically active mitochondria (larger size, lamellar, more numerous and well‐ordered cristae in their profiles), which however were inactive in l‐arginine‐receiving animals kept at room temperature (small mitochondria, tubular cristae). By contrast, l‐NAME treatment of rats acclimated to room temperature induced mitochondrial alterations characterized by irregular shape, short disorganized cristae and megamitochondria formation. These results showed that NO is a necessary factor for mitochondrial biogenesis and that it acts intensifying this process, but NO alone is not a sufficient stimulus for in vivo induction of mitochondriogenesis in brown adipocytes.
Comparison between light and electron microscopy in canine and feline renal pathology: a preliminary study
Authors: SCAGLIONE F.E. , CATALANO D. , BESTONSO R. , BROVIDA C. , D'ANGELO A. , ZANATTA R. , CORNAGLIA S. , CORNAGLIA E. , CAPUCCHIO M.T. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe aim of this study is to compare the accuracy and clinical use of light and transmission electron microscopy in detecting the early stages of renal pathologies in domestic animals. We examined 30 samples of renal tissue from cats and dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Department of Animal Pathology for different systemic diseases. The progressions of the kidney pathologies were classified using the scheme system proposed by the International Renal Interest Society. All samples were submitted for conventional histology and ultrastructural examination. Our study shows that electron microscopy is necessary to complete the histological examinations, especially to define early stages of kidney diseases (minimal changes disease, epithelial tubular pathologies, tubular basement membrane and glomerular basement membrane changes). Electron microscopy can be more accurate in defining the level of focal lesion, and permits discrimination between different clinical and pathological alterations such as fibrillary deposits. In conclusion, transmission electron microscopy associated with clinical, histological, histochemical and immunological examinations, is an essential method for diagnosis and prognosis of renal disease.