bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19−Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes
Authors: Aklilu Abinet M. , Kumar Sanchit , Nugent James , Yamamoto Yu , Coronel-Moreno Claudia , Kadhim Bashar , Faulkner Sophia C. , O’Connor Kyle D. , Yasmin Farah , Greenberg Jason H. , Moledina Dennis G. , Testani Jeffrey M. , Wilson F. Perry 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceCOVID-19 infection is associated with a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Although rapid kidney function decline has been reported in the first few months after COVID-19−associated AKI (COVID-AKI), the longer-term association of COVID-AKI with kidney function remains unknown.ObjectiveTo assess long-term kidney outcomes of patients who had COVID-19−associated AKI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective longitudinal multicenter cohort study conducted in a large hospital system using electronic health records data on adult hospitalized patients with AKI and COVID-19 or other illnesses. Included patients were hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-June 2022), were screened for SARS-CoV-2, had AKI, and survived to discharge, or had been hospitalized during the 5 years before the pandemic (October 2016-January 2020), had a positive influenza A or B test result, had AKI, and survived to discharge. Patients were followed up for a maximum of 2 years after hospital discharge. Data analyses were performed from December 2022 to November 2023.ExposureCOVID-19 and influenza.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was major adverse kidney events (MAKE), defined as a composite of mortality and worsened kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decline by ≥25% from discharge eGFR or kidney failure requiring dialysis). Multivariable time-to-event analyses were performed to compare MAKE between individuals with COVID-AKI and those who had AKI associated with other illnesses hospitalized during the same period. For further comparison, this outcome was assessed for a historic cohort of patients with influenza-associated AKI.ResultsThe study cohort included 9624 hospitalized patients (mean [SD] age, 69.0 [15.7] years; 4955 [51.5%] females) with AKI, including 987 patients with COVID-AKI, 276 with influenza-associated AKI, and 8361 with AKI associated with other illnesses (other-AKI). Compared with the other 2 groups, patients with COVID-19−associated AKI were slightly younger in age, had a higher baseline eGFR, worse baseline comorbidity scores, higher markers of illness severity, and longer hospital stay. Compared with the other-AKI group, the COVID-AKI group had lower MAKE (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.75) due to lower all-cause mortality (aHR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24-0.39) and lower rates of worsened kidney function (aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.69-0.88).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this multicenter cohort study indicate that survivors of hospitalization with COVID-AKI experience lower rates of MAKE, long-term kidney function decline, and mortality compared with patients with AKI associated with other illnesses.
AI monitoring and warning system for low visibility of freeways using variable weight combination model
Authors: Mu Minghao , Wang Chuan , Liu Xinqiang , Bi Haisong , Diao Hanlou 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn intelligent vehicles, road environment perception technology is a key component of autonomous driving assistance systems. This component is the foundation for vehicle decision‐making and control, and is a guarantee of safety during the driving of the vehicle. The existing environment perception technology mainly targets well‐lit environments and requires visible light imaging equipment. Therefore, in low visibility environments, this technology cannot make good judgments about the external environment. Many existing perception systems mainly rely on sensors. Under low visibility conditions, these sensors weaken their effectiveness due to signal transmission, reflection, or absorption, resulting in incomplete or distorted data collection. Reduced visibility often affects the sensing range of various sensors, hindering the system's ability to detect and recognize distant objects, thereby limiting the necessary advance warning and response time for safe navigation. In response to this issue, this study proposed a combined method of infrared imaging and polarized imaging to collect feature data on road conditions in low visibility environments. Then, the obtained images were denoised and enhanced. The processed images were input into the system for recognition, and the images were analyzed and recognized using a low visibility road situation semantic segmentation algorithm based on deep learning. The research outcomes denoted that the pixel accuracy, average pixel accuracy, and average intersection ratio of the variable weight combination model in polarized degree images were 91.2%, 89.1%, and 71.6%, respectively. Those in infrared images were 83.6%, 90.6%, and 62.1%, respectively. The various indicators of the variable weight combination model were higher than those of the U‐shaped neural network model, indicating its performance is relatively excellent. The research results indicated that infrared imaging helps to acquire information at night or in low light conditions, while polarized imaging can provide better adaptation to cluttered light and reflections, enabling the system to provide more robust environmental sensing in complex weather conditions. It fills a critical gap in perception for autonomous driving systems in adverse weather conditions.
Multiphase Riveting Structure for High Power and Long Lifespan Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Duo , Gao Xuan‐Wen , Mu Jian‐Jia , Chen Hong , Gao Guoping , Lai Qing‐Song , Yang Dong‐Run , Gu Qin‐Fen , Luo Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) relies on the exploration of stable layer‐structured oxide cathode materials and a comprehensive understanding of ion storage and diffusion behaviors. A multiphase riveting‐structured O3/P2/P3‐Na0.9[Ni0.3Mn0.55Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 (Tri‐NMCT) is employed as cathode material for KIBs. It demonstrates an initial discharge specific capacity of 108 mA g−1 at current density of 15 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.5–4 V. Excellent cyclic stability is exhibited as well with a high 83% capacity retention after 600 cycles at a higher current density of 300 mA g−1. Based on the in‐situ XRD, it reveals that the P2 phase offers a more stable triangular prism site compared to the O3 phase. This stability inhibits the undesired phase transition from P3 to O3 during discharge, thereby ensuring the long‐term cyclic performance. Furthermore, Density of state (DOS) calculations and migration barrier analyses indicate a preferential migration of K+ ions to the P2 phase due to the lower Fermi level. This observation elucidates the structural preservation of the P3 phase during K+ embedding. Overall, this work sheds light on Tri‐NMCT as a promising cathode material for advanced KIBs.
Programmable Encryption Based on Photochromism of Spiropyrans and Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Gao Ang , Sun Fanxi , Duan Yongli , Zhang Yuxin , Liu Xilin , Liu Tianbao , Ji Yinghao , Wu Qinyu , Deng Xu , Zheng Yonghao , Wei Chen , Wang Dongsheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImproving information security is a persistent challenge for conventional secrecy approaches such as single and double encryption. In this work, programmable encryption is reported, involving multiple stimuli to independently control different encrypted information, to boost data security. The linear‐cyclic isomerization of donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) and spirocyclic‐merocyanine (SC‐MC) isomerization of spiropyrans (SPs) on paper substrate surface are optimized by integration of ester‐contained functional molecules, making them be controlled by light irradiation and heat. By controlling the sequence of three inputs (UV light, visible light, heat), the hybrid encrypted message combining DASAs and SPs exhibits distinct outputs. The encrypted message can be recorded in various forms including characters, text, and figures. Because of the multiplied number of outputs, this method offers a straightforward and powerful solution for safeguarding data in different contexts, which enhances clarity and effectiveness, ensuring resistance to tampering and counterfeiting of the encrypted information.
Unravelling Immune‐Inflammatory Responses and Lysosomal Adaptation: Insights from Two‐Photon Excited Delayed Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Wang Xiang , Shi Gaona , Xu Shengnan , Sun Yuansheng , Qiu Hailin , Wang Qinghua , Han Xiaowan , Zhang Qingyang , Zhang Tiantai , Hu Hai‐Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo‐photon excitation (TPE) microscopy with near‐infrared (NIR) emission has emerged as a promising technique for deep‐tissue optical imaging. Recent developments in fluorescence lifetime imaging with long‐lived emission probes have further enhanced the spatial resolution and precision of fluorescence imaging, especially in complex systems with short‐lived background signals. In this study, two innovative lysosome‐targeting probes, Cz‐NA and tCz‐NA, are introduced. These probes offer a combination of advantages, including TPE (λex = 880 nm), NIR emission (λem = 650 nm), and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with long‐lived lifetimes (1.05 and 1.71 µs, respectively). These characteristics significantly improve the resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio in deep‐tissue imaging. By integrating an acousto‐optic modulator (AOM) device with TPE microscopy, the authors successfully applied Cz‐NA in two‐photon excited delayed fluorescence (TPEDF) imaging to track lysosomal adaptation and immune responses to inflammation in mice. This study sheds light on the relationship between lysosome tubulation, innate immune responses, and inflammation in vivo, providing valuable insights for the development of autofluorescence‐free molecular probes in the future.
RhNi Bimetallenes with Lattice‐Compressed Rh Skin towards Ultrastable Acidic Nitrate Electroreduction
Authors: Zhong Wei , Hong Qing‐Ling , Ai Xuan , Zhang Chong , Li Fu‐Min , Li Xi‐Fei , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHarvesting recyclable ammonia (NH3) from acidic nitrate (NO3−)‐containing wastewater requires the utilization of corrosion‐resistant electrocatalytic materials with high activity and selectivity towards acidic electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3ER). Herein, ultrathin RhNi bimetallenes with Rh‐skin‐type structure (RhNi@Rh BMLs) are fabricated towards acidic NO3ER. The Rh‐skin atoms on the surface of RhNi@Rh BMLs experience the lattice compression‐induced strain effect, resulting in shortened Rh–Rh bond and downshifted d‐band center. Experimental and theoretical calculation results corroborate that Rh‐skin atoms can inhibit NO2*/NH2* adsorption‐induced Rh dissolution, contributing to the exceptional electrocatalytic durability of RhNi@Rh BMLs (over 400 h) towards acidic NO3ER. RhNi@Rh BMLs also reveal an excellent catalytic performance, boasting a 98.4% NH3 Faradaic efficiency and a 13.4 mg h−1 mgcat−1 NH3 yield. Theoretical calculations reveal that compressive stress tunes the electronic structure of Rh skin atoms, which facilitates the reduction of NO* to NOH* in NO3ER. The practicality of RhNi@Rh BMLs has also been confirmed in an alkaline‐acidic hybrid zinc‐nitrate battery with a 1.39 V open circuit voltage and a 10.5 mW cm−2 power density. This work offers valuable insights into the nature of electrocatalyst deactivation behavior and guides the development of high‐efficiency corrosion‐resistant electrocatalysts for applications in energy and environment.
Highly‐Efficiency Far‐Red Emission in Cr3+ Activated Ca1.8Mg1.2Al2Ge3O12 toward Plant Precise Lighting
Authors: Yang Chaowei , Zheng Dongwei , Zou Xikun , Dai Xiangyi , Tang Baoling , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhang Xuejie , Zhang Haoran , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFar‐red (FR) region (beyond 700 nm) lighting sources possess special potential for plant lighting. However, it remains a challenge to obtain high‐performance Cr3+‐doped FR phosphors. This study developed a FR phosphor, Ca1.8Mg1.2Al2Ge3O12:Cr3+ (CMAGG: Cr3+), using the cation substitution strategy. Under 438 nm blue light excitation, the phosphors display FR emission centered at 720 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 91 nm. Benefit from the favorable match with the FR phytochrome (Pfr), the phosphor is combined with InGaN blue light chips to create a FR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED), which is used in Italian lettuce growth experiments and it results shown in a 15% increase in fresh weight and a 6.5% increase in dry weight. Notably, supplemental FR light modulated its growth morphology. The results of this study will be useful for further research on novel Cr3+‐doped FR phosphors to meet the precise spectral requirements for plant growth.
Enabling C7 Methylation and Arylation of the Indolyl Core via P(III)‐Directed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Kelly Christopher B. , Padilla‐Salinas Rosaura , Chen Wenyong , Muuronen Mikko , Balsells Jaume 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPeripheral editing of complex molecules via C−H functionalization removes the pervasive retrosynthetic bias toward pre‐functionalization and taps into the innate, often subtle, stereoelectronic differences between C−H linkages. Using this approach, bioactive molecules and residues can be modified without being beholden to lengthy sequences, thus allowing biochemical hypotheses to be interrogated on accelerated timelines. Herein, the C−H functionalization paradigm is leveraged to tackle C7 C−H functionalization of the biologically important tryptophan core. The devised process, which was expanded to indolyl (and related) systems, utilizes an N‐bound unsymmetrical “designer” phosphine to direct C−H functionalization to the desired position while maintaining operational ease of directing group installation/removal. Quantum mechanically calculated steric properties and activation free energies suggest that this phosphine is hindered enough for favoring C−H functionalization over deactivation pathways but is still easily cleaved by nucleophiles. In addition, the process enables the direct C−H methylation, cyclopropanation, and arylation of tryptophan to yield unnatural amino acid (UAA) building blocks. As a testament to the versatility of this method, a solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS)‐ready phosphinated tryptophan was incorporated into a pentapeptide and the C−H functionalization/dephosphination sequence was executed with ease. The utility of “on‐peptide” editing was exhibited through the late‐stage functionalization of several pentapeptides with a diverse set of C7 substituents on‐ and off‐resin.
Recent Advances in Superhydrophobic Materials Development for Maritime Applications
Authors: Tang Zhao Qing , Tian Tongfei , Molino Paul J. , Skvortsov Alex , Ruan Dong , Ding Jie , Li Yali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderwater superhydrophobic surfaces stand as a promising frontier in materials science, holding immense potential for applications in underwater infrastructure, vehicles, pipelines, robots, and sensors. Despite this potential, widespread commercial adoption of these surfaces faces limitations, primarily rooted in challenges related to material durability and the stability of the air plastron during prolonged submersion. Factors such as pressure, flow, and temperature further complicate the operational viability of underwater superhydrophobic technology. This comprehensive review navigates the evolving landscape of underwater superhydrophobic technology, providing a deep dive into the introduction, advancements, and innovations in design, fabrication, and testing techniques. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology, magnetic‐responsive coatings, additive manufacturing, and machine learning are highlighted, showcasing the diverse avenues of progress. Notable research endeavors concentrate on enhancing the longevity of plastrons, the fundamental element governing superhydrophobic behavior. The review explores the multifaceted applications of superhydrophobic coatings in the underwater environment, encompassing areas such as drag reduction, anti‐biofouling, and corrosion resistance. A critical examination of commercial offerings in the superhydrophobic coating landscape offers a current perspective on available solutions. In conclusion, the review provides valuable insights and forward‐looking recommendations to propel the field of underwater superhydrophobicity toward new dimensions of innovation and practical utility.
Differential taxation in agricultural credit market
Authors: Regmi Madhav , Featherstone Allen M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether the market competitiveness of farm loan suppliers is affected by the US tax policy for the farm credit system (FCS) and its potential spillover on the farmers' cost of borrowing. We exploit the variation in the corporate income tax rate to estimate its relationship with the farm debt share of the FCS and the potential spillover effect on the estimated cost of borrowing for agricultural loans. Results suggest that a 10% rise in the state (federal) tax rate is associated with an increase in FCS's total farm debt market share by 1.76% (3.76%). A 10% rise in the FCS total farm debt market share tends to increase the cost of borrowing on agricultural loans by 0.06%. Overall, the findings imply that favorable tax treatment could increase FCS' competitiveness in the agricultural lending market. Also, an increase in the interest rate on farm debt is correlated with the increasing market share of FCS in the agricultural credit market. [EconLit Citations: Q14, N22, H2, H7, G21].
A new method to quantify droplet size distribution based on Monte Carlo simulation in liquid–liquid solvent extraction
Authors: Cheng Quanzhong , Tan Boren , Duan Xiaofei , Dong Zhipeng , Xu Feng , Wang Yong , Qi Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe diameter of a dispersed‐phase droplet determines the interfacial area in liquid–liquid solvent extraction. Capturing the polydispersity of a liquid–liquid flow is crucial in computational fluid dynamics. In this study, a droplet size probability (DSP) model applied to the Eulerian–Eulerian (E–E) framework is proposed to characterize the droplet size distribution (DSD) at mesoscale. The physical characteristic of the DSP model demonstrates size similarity between the computational cells and droplets. Following the single‐droplet hypothesis, two sub‐models are investigated. The first model is the distribution function of the droplet size, and the second model is Monte Carlo simulation in the computational domain. By sampling randomly from the probability density function of the DSD, the loss of physical information caused by the averaging procedure is avoided. Simulation results of the pulsed disc and doughnut column (PDDC) showed that the CFD‐DSP coupled model accurately predicted the dispersed‐phase holdup and DSD under various conditions.
Melatonin alleviated splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation and portosystemic collaterals in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Pun Chon Kit , Chang Ching‐Chih , Chuang Chiao‐Lin , Hsu Shao‐Jung , Huang Hui‐Chun , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lee Fa‐Yauh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic liver damages may end up with cirrhosis and portal hypertension, featured by splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, angiogenesis, and collaterals formation. Melatonin is used to improve sleep quality, which exerts anti‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenesis, and vascular actions without significant side effects. However, the relevant impacts on aforementioned derangements are unclear. Liver cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation in Sprague‐Dawley rats. The rats received melatonin (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or vehicle for 28 days. Experiments were performed on the 28th day when cirrhosis developed. In cirrhotic rats, melatonin treatment significantly increased superior mesenteric artery resistance and reduced the blood flow. Melatonin enhanced the portosystemic collateral responsiveness to arginine vasopressin, reduced mesenteric vascular area, shunting degree, and down‐regulated mesenteric MMP‐2 protein expression. Melatonin improved the splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, portosystemic collateral shunting, and mesenteric angiogenesis in cirrhotic rats. These beneficial effects make melatonin potentially feasible in clinical setting, but further investigation is required.
Synthesis of 9,10‐Bis(organochalcogenyl)phenanthrenes by Cyclization of (Biphenyl‐2‐alkyne)chalcogenides
Authors: Hellwig Paola S. , Goulart Helen A. , Guedes Jonatan S. , Jorge Emily G. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Lenardão Eder J. , Perin Gelson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA regioselective, operationally simple and scalable protocol was developed for the synthesis of 9,10‐bis(organochalcogenyl)phenanthrenes and seleno‐spiro[cyclohexane‐1,1′‐indene]‐2,5‐dien‐4‐ones through the cyclization of (biphenyl‐2‐alkyne)chalcogenides. The reaction occurs in the presence of diorganyl diselenides, Oxone® as a green oxidizing agent, and acetonitrile at 80 °C. In this study, 20 compounds were obtained in yields of up to 97 % and in short reaction times (1–4 h).
Modulating Inorganic Dimensionality of Ultrastable Lead Halide Coordination Polymers for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Ethanol
Authors: Yin Jinlin , Song Xueling , Sun Chen , Jiang Yilin , He Yani , Fei Honghan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLead halide hybrids have shown great potentials in CO2 photoreduction, but challenging to afford C2+ reduced products, especially using H2O as the reductant. This is largely due to the trade‐off problem between instability of the benchmark 3D structures and low carrier mobility of quasi‐2D analogues. Herein, the lead halide dimensionality of robust coordination polymers (CP) was modulated by organic ligands differing in a single‐atom change (NH vs. CH2), in which the NH groups coordinate with interlamellar [PbI2] clusters to achieve the important 2D→3D transition. This first CP based on 3D cationic lead iodide sublattice possesses both high aqueous stability and a low exciton binding energy of 25 meV that is on the level of ambient thermal energy, achieving artificial photosynthesis of C2H5OH. Photophysical studies combined with theoretical calculations suggest the bridging [PbI2] clusters in the 3D structure not only results in enhanced carrier transport, but also promotes the intrinsic charge polarization to facilitate the C−C coupling. With trace loading of Rh cocatalyst, the apparent quantum efficiency of the 3D CP reaches 1.4 % at 400 nm with a high C2H5OH selectivity of 89.4 % (product basis), which presents one of the best photocatalysts for C2 products to date.