bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding of 5‐phospho‐D‐arabinonohydroxamate and 5‐phospho‐D‐arabinonate inhibitors to zinc phosphomannose isomerase from Candida albicans studied by polarizable molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics
Authors: Roux Celine , Gresh Nohad , Perera Lalith E. , Piquemal Jean‐Philip , Salmon Laurent 
Published: January 2007

AbstractType I phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) is a Zn‐dependent metalloenzyme involved in the isomerization of D‐fructose 6‐phosphate to D‐mannose 6‐phosphate. One of our laboratories has recently designed and synthesized 5‐phospho‐D‐arabinonohydroxamate (5PAH), an inhibitor endowed with a nanomolar affinity for PMI (Roux et al., Biochemistry 2004, 43, 2926). By contrast, the 5‐phospho‐D‐arabinonate (5PAA), in which the hydroxamate moiety is replaced by a carboxylate one, is devoid of inhibitory potency. Subsequent biochemical studies showed that in its PMI complex, 5PAH binds Zn(II) through its hydroxamate moiety rather than through its phosphate. These results have stimulated the present theoretical investigation in which we resort to the SIBFA polarizable molecular mechanics procedure to unravel the structural and energetical aspects of 5PAH and 5PAA binding to a 164‐residue model of PMI. Consistent with the experimental results, our theoretical studies indicate that the complexation of PMI by 5PAH is much more favorable than by 5PAA, and that in the 5PAH complex, Zn(II) ligation by hydroxamate is much more favorable than by phosphate. Validations by parallel quantum‐chemical computations on model of the recognition site extracted from the PMI‐inhibitor complexes, and totaling up to 140 atoms, showed the values of the SIBFA intermolecular interaction energies in such models to be able to reproduce the quantum‐chemistry ones with relative errors < 3%. On the basis of the PMI–5PAH SIBFA energy‐minimized structure, we report the first hypothesis of a detailed view of the active site of the zinc PMI complexed to the high‐energy intermediate analogue inhibitor, which allows us to identify active site residues likely involved in the proton transfer between the two adjacent carbons of the substrates. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates fibronectin expression through phospholipase C γ, protein kinase C α, c‐Src, NF‐κB, and p300 pathway in osteoblasts
Authors: Tang Chih‐Hsin , Yang Rong‐Sen , Chen Yuh‐Fung , Fu Wen‐Mei 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFibronectin (Fn) is involved in early stages of bone formation and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an important factor regulating osteogenesis. bFGF increased Fn expression, which was attenuated by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase inhibitor (U73122), protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X), Src inhibitor (PP2), NF‐κB inhibitor (PDTC), IκBα phosphorylation inhibitor (Bay 117082), or IκB protease inhibitor (TPCK). bFGF‐induced increase of Fn‐luciferase activity was antagonized by cells transfected with Fn construct without NF‐κB regulatory site. Stimulation of osteoblasts with bFGF activated IκB kinase α/β (IKK α/β) and increased IκBα phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, p65 and p50 translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, the formation of an NF‐κB‐specific DNA‐protein complex and κB‐luciferase activity. bFGF‐mediated an increase of IKKα/β activity and DNA‐binding activity was inhibited by U73122, GF109203X, or PP2. The binding of p65 to the NF‐κB element, as well as the recruitment of p300 and the enhancement of p50 acetylation on the Fn promoter was enhanced by bFGF. Overexpression of constitutively active FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) increased Fn‐luciferase activity, which was inhibited by co‐transfection with dominant negative (DN) mutants of PLCγ2, PKCα, c‐Src, IKKα, or IKKβ. Our results suggest that bFGF increased Fn expression in rat osteoblasts via the FGFR2/PLCγ2/PKCα/c‐Src/NF‐κB signaling pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 45–55, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contract or war? On the rules of the game in civil wars
Authors: Korf Benedikt 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEconomists have developed a number of theories based on warlord or bandit models to explain intra‐state conflict or civil war. Ethnographic studies from civil wars, however, suggest that livelihoods and institutions in the context of a war economy are very complex, more complex than those models suggest. This paper reviews concepts that are discussed in the literature on institutions and applies these to an analysis of the emergence and logic of the rules of the game in the political economy of civil wars. The analysis indicates that contracting in civil wars, whether complete or incomplete—and the opportunity to grab (Skaperdas), to loot (Collier) and to exploit others (Hirshleifer)—takes place on many different scales and between different agents, not only among combatants. This creates a complex, dynamic and hybrid institutional amalgam of coercively imposed rules, traditional norms and co‐existing formal institutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of optical feedback phenomenon and intensity noise of fibre‐grating semiconductor lasers
Authors: Ahmed Moustafa , Mahmoud Safwat W. Z. , Yamada Minoru 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper demonstrates numerical analysis of the dynamics and intensity noise of fibre‐grating semiconductor lasers (FGSLs). The induced phenomenon of strong optical feedback (OFB) is analysed. The simulations are based on an improved time‐delay rate equations model of a single‐mode laser that takes into account the multiple round‐trips of the lasing field in the fibre cavity. The analyses are performed in terms of the temporal trajectory of the laser intensity, bifurcation diagram and relative intensity noise (RIN). We explore influence of the fibre‐cavity length on the dynamics and RIN. The results show that when the fibre cavity is short, the regime of strong OFB is characterized by either continuous‐wave (CW) operation or periodic pulsation. The pulsation frequency is locked at the frequency separation of either the compound‐cavity modes or the external fibre‐cavity modes. The corresponding RIN level is close to or higher than the level of the solitary laser depending on pulse symmetry. When the fibre cavity is long, the laser exhibits unstable dynamics over wider range of OFB. Moreover, the strong‐OFB pulsation becomes beating quasi‐periodic at the relaxation oscillation frequency and the fibre‐cavity mode‐separation frequency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid tree growth with respect to the last 400 years in response to climate warming, northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gou Xiaohua , Chen Fahu , Jacoby Gordon , Cook Edward , Yang Meixue , Peng Jianfeng , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough global warming over the past century has been confirmed, the response of different regions to it is still uncertain. We developed a tree‐ring width chronology based on tree‐ring samples from juniper trees from the Xiqing Mountains in the northeast Tibetan Plateau, the central headwater area of the Yellow River. Using this tree‐ring chronology, the minimum winter half‐year (October–April) temperature for the research area was reconstructed for the past 425 years. The reconstruction shows that temperature variability was minimal over past four centuries prior to the warming that began in 1941. During the 50 years from 1941 to 1990, the minimum temperature of the winter half‐year increased 2.5 °C. This degree of warming relative to the past 400 years suggests that the eastern Tibetan Plateau is highly sensitive to global warming. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Prognostic significance of perinodal extension in gastric cancer
Authors: Choi Won Hyuk , Kim Sungsoo , Shen Jiayun , Cheong Jae Ho , Hyung Woo Jin , Kim Yong Il , Choi Seung Ho , Noh Sung Hoon , Park Chan Il 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe grouping of patients who have a poor prognosis is important in determining a treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features and prognosis in patients with perinodal extension, with a focus on the difference of survival between homogenous groups.MethodsThis study included a total of 1,092 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma from 1997 to 2004 at the Department of Surgery, Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐one patients had perinodal extension. The incidence of perinodal extension was positively correlated for T and N stages. Perinodal extension was identified as an independent prognostic factor and had more influence on survival than T and N stages. Patients who had nodal metastasis without serosal exposure and who had serosal exposure without nodal metastasis were selected as homogenous groups, and there was no difference of survival between these groups. However, when the nodal metastasis group was subdivided according to the perinodal extension, perinodal extension subgroup had significant poorer prognosis than no perinodal extension subgroup.ConclusionsThe perinodal extension was the most important independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer, and should be included in the TNM gastric cancer staging system. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:540–545. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different criteria for radioactive sentinel lymph nodes has different impact on sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Song Xiang‐Yang , Yuan Xiao‐Ming , Chen Wen‐Jun , Pan Tao , Xie Shu‐Duo , Qin Chuan , Lou Chen , Jin Mei , Wang Lin‐Bo , Wu Jin‐Min 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study set out to determine the impact of different criteria for radioactive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) on sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), and the optimal criteria for radioactive SLNs.MethodsEighty‐four breast cancer patients with cT1‐2N0M0 were studied prospectively. Filtered technetium 99 m sulfur colloid was injected in peritumor parenchyma. Three different definitions of SLNs were adopted in each patient: (1) the lymph node with the highest radioactivity. (2) Any lymph node with an in vivo hot spot‐to‐background activity ratio of at least 3:1 or an ex vivo SLN‐to‐non‐SLN ratio of at least 10:1. (3) All radioactive hot nodes.ResultsWith three different definitions, the success rate of sentinel node biopsy were all 96.4%, the sensitivity was 78.9%, 92.1%, 97.4% respectively; false negative rate 21.1%, 7.9%, 2.6% respectively; predicting accuracy 90.1%, 96.3%, 98.8% respectively (P < 0.05). The first, the first two, the first three, and the first four highest radioactive sentinel nodes identified 81.1%, 89.2%, 94.6%, 100% of the positive‐SLN patients, respectively.ConclusionsThe different criteria for radioactive SLNs had different impact on the accuracy, sensitivity, and false negative rate, but not on the success rate, during sentinel node biopsy using radioactive sulfur colloid in breast cancer patients. The first four highest radioactive sentinel nodes could accurately predict the status of axillary metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:635–639. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ICTs adoption and knowledge management: the case of an e‐procurement system
Authors: Massa Silvia , Testa Stefania 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the research is to articulate a framework for analysing the effects of e‐procurement adoption in terms of knowledge management.Starting from this position, a case study in a leader firm in electronics devices was developed and a consolidated knowledge perspective was adopted.Empirical evidence confirms that it is not information and communication technology itself that can provide positive or negative effects on organizations but how the technology is used in conjunction with complementary human resources. In fact, according to the case study, two different phases emerged in the e‐procurement (EP) adoption. Both are characterized by the same technology but different behaviours that determined very different results.While the framework can be applied to read EP development in several contexts, it would be a mistake to generalize the results from this example. While multiple informants from different hierarchical levels, triangulation using different types of data sources and a systematic data analysis serve to attenuate many of the problems with reliability, generalizability remains more of an issue.Finally, it is worth noting that studying adoption of inter‐organizational systems‐like EP systems are, has proved to be, difficult because such systems span the company boundaries. Consequently, future developments will aim at broadening the research along the entire supply chain.The proposed framework could be a useful tool to check an EP project in progress and to motivate the involved actors by suggesting a means to interpret how the project is impacting on organization, keeping in mind that effects on KM anticipate improvements in traditional procurement performances. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vehicles for innovation and learning: the case of a neglected concept car project
Authors: Elmquist Maria 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn the competitive automotive industry product development processes are increasingly structured, leaving little room for learning and hence developing the knowledge needed for creating the innovative new products that are essential in order for automotive companies to remain competitive in the long run. Previous studies underline the importance of explicitly managing innovation and knowledge creation in order to successfully develop innovative products. It is our contention that the concept car constitutes an important arena for learning and creating useful knowledge in the automotive industry. This paper presents a detailed analysis of a concept car project at Volvo Cars (the YCC project), tracing how it was used from a learning perspective. Based on this longitudinal study, this paper argues that there is a need to manage more explicitly the learning opportunities provided by concept car projects in order to leverage on the knowledge created. It also discusses some of the barriers to learning that are illustrated by the case study. Finally the paper suggests further research directed towards innovative activities, such as concept cars in order to better understand the nature of their interface with established NPD processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparative study of intense pulsed light alone and its combination with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of facial acne in Asian skin
Authors: Yeung Chi K. , Shek Samantha Y. , Bjerring Peter , Yu Carol S. , Kono Taro , Chan Henry H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe reaction to intense pulsed light (IPL) on Asian skin often differs from that on Caucasian skin. The study reported herein evaluated the effect on acne vulgaris of IPL alone and when IPL was combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) in Asians.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty Chinese subjects with phototypes IV or V and moderate acne were enrolled for a randomized, half‐facial treatment study with IPL alone, IPL with PDT, or as controls. Sixteen percent MAL cream was applied to half of the face 30 minutes before treatment in the PDT group. The IPL was provided by the Ellipse Flex system (Danish Dermatologic Development, Denmark), which emitted wavelengths of 530 to 750 nm. The subjects were treated four times at 3‐week intervals. Single passes of double pulses with a 10 milliseconds delay and a pulse duration of 2.5 milliseconds were used. The assessment of inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions by two blinded investigators was based on standardized photographs that were taken before each treatment, and at 4 and 12 weeks after the final treatment.ResultsTwenty‐three patients completed the study. The mean reduction of the inflammatory lesion count was 53% in the PDT group, 22% in the IPL group, and 72% in the control group at 4 weeks, and 65% in the PDT group, 23% in the IPL group, and 88% in control group at 12 weeks. The mean clearance of non‐inflammatory lesions was 52% in the PDT group, 15% in the IPL group, and 14% in the control group at 4 weeks, and 38% in the PDT group and 44% in the IPL group at 12 weeks, when and an increase of 15% was noted in the control group. Most patients experienced a reduction of inflammatory lesions that was not statistically significant on the PDT‐treated side (P = 0.06) or the IPL‐treated side (P = 0.82) at 12 weeks after treatment. Pretreatment with MAL resulted in a better clearance of inflammatory acne than IPL alone. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention groups and the control group in the mean reduction of inflammatory lesions. Significant reductions of non‐inflammatory lesions were observed in the MAL‐PDT group (38%, P = 0.05) and IPL groups (43%, P = 0.00) 12 weeks after treatment. Twenty‐five percent of the subjects in the PDT group withdrew because of intolerance to procedure‐related discomfort.ConclusionsMAL‐PDT using IPL and MAL in Asians did not lead to significant improvement of moderate inflammatory acne compared with the control group. However, there was a delayed effect on non‐inflammatory lesions, with significant reductions in both the PDT and IPL groups. A proportion of patients could not tolerate the discomfort that was related to PDT despite the short MAL incubation. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:1–6, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation of Honeycomb Structures and Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Casting a Block Copolymer from Selective Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Tung Pao‐Hsiang , Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Huang Chih‐Feng , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPoly(vinyl phenol)‐block‐polystyrene (PVPh‐b‐PS) diblock copolymers are synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization with sec‐butyl lithium as the initiator. The PVPh‐b‐PS diblock copolymer is cast (on a substrate) from several solvent mixtures that contain tetrahydrofuran/toluene ratios of 1:0.1, 1:1, and 1:2. After solvent evaporation the resulting films are characterized by SEM, TEM, and contact angle measurements. A honeycomb structure is fabricated from the vesicle structure at relatively low toluene contents. On the contrary, at relatively higher toluene contents, a micelle structure with porous microspheres is formed, which possesses higher surface roughness and results in film surface superhydrophobicity. The simple method described here that uses common/selective mixed solvents may be easily extended to prepare honeycomb structures and superhydrophobic surfaces simultaneously from a wide variety of block copolymers by carefully controlling the weight composition of the block copolymer and the selective solvent content.magnified image
Pulsed‐dosing with oral sodium phenylbutyrate increases hemoglobin F in a patient with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Hines Patrick , Dover George J. , Resar Linda M.S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIncreasing hemoglobin F (HbF) appears to be beneficial for patients with sickle cell anemia. We previously demonstrated that daily, oral sodium phenylbutyrate (OSPB) induces HbF synthesis in pediatric and adult patients with hemoglobin SS (HbSS). The high doses and need for daily therapy, however, have limited its use. Here, we report a patient treated with pulsed‐dosing of OSPB for over 3 years. This patient developed a modest, but sustained elevation in HbF over the course of therapy without side effects. Although larger studies are needed, this case demonstrates that pulsed‐dosing with OSPB enhances HbF synthesis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:357–359. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to N7 induction chemotherapy in children more than one year of age diagnosed with metastatic neuroblastoma treated in UKCCSG centers
Authors: Kohler J.A. , Ellershaw C. , Machin D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe highest reported metastatic response rate to induction chemotherapy in patients with neuroblastoma has been achieved by Kushner et al. [Kushner et al.: J Clin Oncol 12:2607–2613,1994; Cheung et al.: Med Pediatr Oncol 36: 227–230, 2001; Kushner et al.: J Clin Oncol 22:4888‐4892, 2004] using their N6 and subsequently N7 protocols. This N7 induction was adopted by UKCCSG for new patients in 1999.MethodsForty‐seven children with metastatic neuroblastoma were recruited between 1999 and 2002. They received the N7 intensive chemotherapy protocol, after full staging including evaluation by I123mIBG imaging where possible.ResultsThirty patients with positive mIBG scans were evaluable for response, and complete resolution of metastatic disease was obtained in 16 (53.3%). Fourteen patients without positive mIBG scans were evaluated for response according to bone marrow and bone scan data and 11 (78.6%) cleared metastatic disease. The toxicity of this induction therapy was similar to that seen in previous UK protocols, although 14 patients had Brock grade 3 or 4 ototoxicity. Thirty‐three patients proceeded to high‐dose therapy with no unanticipated toxicities. For the whole group of 44 evaluable patients, the 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 38.3 and 46.7%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough feasible in terms of delivery, when used in the UKCCSG centers, this protocol achieved a much lower response rate than in the previously published series in the US [Kushner et al.: J Clin Oncol 12:2607–2613,1994; Cheung et al.: Med Pediatr Oncol 36: 227–230, 2001; Kushner et al.: J Clin Oncol 22:4888‐4892, 2004]. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:234–239. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of hepatitis‐associated aplastic anemia with high‐dose cyclophosphamide
Authors: Savage William J. , DeRusso Patricia A. , Resar Linda M. , Chen Allen R. , Higman Meghan A. , Loeb David M. , Jones Richard J. , Brodsky Robert A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveDemonstrate that high‐dose cyclophosphamide (CY) is effective therapy for hepatitis‐associated aplastic anemia (HAA).BackgroundHAA is a sequence of seronegative hepatitis followed by aplastic anemia. Optimal treatment is matched‐sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CSA) has also been studied, but there are scarce data regarding treatment of HAA.ProcedureFive patients (median age 14 years; range 6–17 years) with HAA and without an HLA‐matched sibling were treated with high‐dose CY (50 mg/kg/day IV × 4 days) followed by granulocyte‐colony stimulation factor (G‐CSF).ResultsAfter at least 1 year of follow‐up, four of five patients are in remission without further immune suppression beyond high‐dose CY. Of the 4 responders, median time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >500 µl−1 was 51 days (range 44–369). Median time to transfusion independence for erythrocytes and platelets was 109 (range 57–679) and 160 (range 48–679) days, respectively. The fifth patient did not respond and proceeded to an unrelated donor transplant. One patient met criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in addition to HAA. In this case, high‐dose CY successfully induced remission of both diseases.ConclusionsHigh‐dose CY induces durable remissions in HAA and may be an effective treatment for AIH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:947–951. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.