bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous thermal ablation of medium and large hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Yu , Xie Xiao‐Yan , Lu Ming‐De , Xu Hui‐Xiong , Xu Zuo‐Feng , Kuang Ming , Liu Guang‐Jian , Liang Jin‐Yu , Lau Wan Yee 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) were found to be effective in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) smaller than 3 cm; however, to the authors' knowledge, the usefulness of thermal ablation in treating larger HCC, especially those >5 cm, has not been well documented. The present study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of percutaneous thermal ablation with curative intention for HCC measuring between 3.0 cm and 7.0 cm.METHODS:Percutaneous RFA or MWA were used to treat 109 HCC patients with at least 1 tumor measuring between 3.0 cm and 7.0 cm. Fifty‒eight patients received thermal ablation as the first treatment, and the remaining 51 were treated for posthepatectomy recurrent HCC. A total of 89 patients had a main tumor measuring 3.0 cm to 5.0 cm, and 20 patients had main tumors measuring 5.0 cm to 7.0 cm. Local therapeutic efficacy, long‐term outcome, and prognostic factors were analyzed.RESULTS:There were no treatment‐related deaths, and the major complication rate was 9.2%. Complete ablation rate was 92.6%. Local recurrence (LR) occurred in 22% patients, with a median time to LR of 4.6 months. Distant recurrences developed in 53.2% patients. The 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival rates were 75.8%, 30.9%, and 15.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that incomplete tumor ablation, posthepatectomy recurrence, and preablation α‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥200 ng/mL were 3 unfavorable prognostic factors for long‐term survival (P = .000, .015, and .008, respectively). Cox regression analysis confirmed that incomplete tumor ablation, recurrent tumors, and preablation AFP ≥200 ng/mL were independent unfavorable prognostic factors, with an exp(B) of 4.158 (P = .001), 1.568 (P = .082), and 1.593 (P = .082), respectively.CONCLUSIONS:Percutaneous thermal ablation was effective and safe in treating HCC between 3 cm and 7 cm, with acceptable local tumor control and long‐term outcomes. Completeness of ablation, previous history of treatment, and preablation AFP level were significant prognostic factors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 trial of mifepristone (RU‐486) in advanced or recurrent endometrioid adenocarcinoma or low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: Ramondetta Lois M. , Johnson Alaina J. , Sun Charlotte C. , Atkinson Neely , Smith Judith A. , Jung Maria S. , Broaddus Russel , Iyer Revathy B. , Burke Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of mifepristone (RU‐486) in women with advanced or recurrent endometrioid adenocarcinoma or low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS).METHODS:Mifepristone (RU‐486; 200 mg orally) was given daily to patients with progesterone receptor‐positive advanced or recurrent endometrioid adenocarcinoma or LGESS. Patients were evaluated every 4 weeks for toxicity and response. Quality‐of‐life data were obtained using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and Functional Assessment for Cancer Therapy.RESULTS:Twelve of 13 enrolled patients were evaluable in the first phase of accrual. Stable disease was noted in 3 of 12 patients (at 8 weeks, 12 weeks, and ≥77 weeks, respectively), and the median time to disease progression was 48 days. Among the patients who had stable disease, 2 women had endometrioid endometrial cancer, and 1 woman had LGESS. No partial or complete responses were observed. The most frequent grade 1 and 2 toxicities were anorexia, fatigue, and mood alterations observed in 50%, 50%, and 58% of patients, respectively. The most common grade 3 toxicities were fatigue and dyspnea observed in 25% and 17% of patients, respectively. One patient experienced grade 4 dyspnea. Thirty‐three percent of patients had asymptomatic elevations of corticotropin. No serious treatment‐related adverse events occurred. There were no significant changes in quality of life.CONCLUSIONS:Single‐agent mifepristone used in the treatment of recurrent endometrioid adenocarcinoma or LGESS resulted in a stable disease rate of 25%. One patient who had a biopsy‐positive disease recurrence remained stable at 77 weeks. Although mifepristone was tolerated well, as a single agent, it provided limited response as a single agent in women with progesterone receptor‐positive uterine tumors. Recently, was been recognized that biologic agents used as single agents may result only in stable disease unless they are combined with cytotoxic agents. The authors concluded that further research into the best mode of application for mifepristone in the treatment of endometrial cancer is needed. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Cdx1::Cre allele for gene analysis in the extraembryonic ectoderm and the three germ layers of mice at mid‐gastrulation
Authors: Hierholzer Andreas , Kemler Rolf 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTransgenic mice with a defined cell‐ or tissues‐specific expression of Cre‐recombinase are essential tools to study gene function. Here we report the generation and analysis of a transgenic mouse line (Cdx1::Cre) with restricted Cre‐expression from Cdx1 regulatory elements. The expression of Cre‐recombinase mimicked the endogenous expression pattern of Cdx1 at midgastrulation (from E7.5 to early headfold stage) inducing recombination in the three germlayers of the primitive streak region throughout the posterior embryo and caudal to the heart. This enables gene modifications to investigate patterning of the caudal embryo during and after gastrulation. Interestingly, we identified Cdx1 expression in the trophectoderm (TE) of blastocyst stage embryos. Concordantly, we detected extensive Cre‐mediated recombination in the polar TE and, although to lesser extent, in the mural TE. In E7.5 postimplantation embryos, almost all cells of the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE), which are derived from the polar TE, are recombined although the ExE itself is negative for Cdx1 and Cre at this stage. These results indicate that Cdx1::Cre mice are also a valuable tool to study gene function in tissues essential for placental development. genesis 47:204–209, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tet system in the brain: Transgenic rats and lentiviral vectors approach
Authors: Konopka Witold , Duniec Kamila , Klejman Agata , Wawrzyniak Marcin , Owczarek Dorota , Gawrys Ludwika , Maleszewski Marek , Mallet Jacques , Kaczmarek Leszek 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLocal and regulated expression of exogenous genes in the central nervous system is one of the major challenges of modern neuroscience. We have approached this issue by applying the inducible tetracycline system to regulate the expression of EGFP reporter gene in double transgenic rats. We have obtained a strong induction of EGFP only in male testes, which correlated with a high level of rtTA expression only in this organ. To overcome the problem of lack of rtTA protein in the transgenic rat brain, we have delivered this Tet system activator with lentiviral vectors into the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of transgenic EGFP rats. As a result, after systemic application of doxycycline we have obtained inducible, stable and restricted to the desired brain region expression of EGFP. An advantage of this strategy is that the transgene is located in the same genetic milieu in every cell of the transgenic organism. This is crucial to obtain uniform expression of the regulated gene within the target brain structure. Combination of rat transgenesis and lentiviral vectors is a novel approach enabling precise spatiotemporal regulation of genes of interest strictly in the brain structure of choice or in other tissues. genesis 47:274–280, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘Quantifying the effects of forest canopy cover on net snow accumulation at a continental, mid‐latitude site’
Authors: Veatch W. , Brooks P. D. , Gustafson J. R. , Molotch N. P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough many studies have investigated the effects of forest cover on streamflow and runoff, and several have examined the effects of canopy density on snowpack accumulation, the impacts of forest canopy density on spatial patterns of snowmelt input to catchments remain relatively underquantified. We performed an intensive snow depth and density survey during maximum accumulation in a mid‐latitude montane environment in northern New Mexico, taking 900 snow depth measurements and excavating six snow pits across a continuum of canopy densities. Snow water equivalent (SWE) data are correlated with forest canopy density (R2 = 0·21, p < 0·0001), with maximum snow accumulation in forests with density between 25 and 40%. Forest edges are shown to be highly influential on patterns of snow depth, with unforested areas shaded by forest to their immediate south holding approximately 25% deeper snow than either large open areas or densely forested areas. This indicates that the combination of canopy influences on throughfall and snowpack shading are key processes underlying snow distribution in the high solar load environments typical of mountainous, mid‐latitude areas. We further show that statistical models of snow distribution are improved with the addition of remotely sensed forest canopy information (R2 increased in 10 of 11 cases, deviance lowered in 9 of 11 cases), making these findings broadly relevant for improving estimation of water resources, predicting the ecohydrological implications of vegetation and climate change, and informing integrated forest and water resources management. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal‐Catalyzed Olefin Cyclopropanation with Ethyl Diazoacetate: Control of the Diastereoselectivity
Authors: Caballero Ana , Prieto Auxiliadora , Díaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe control of the cis/trans diastereoselectivity by catalyst design in the olefin cyclopropanation reaction with ethyl diazoacetate is reviewed. Catalysts based on ruthenium, copper, rhodium, iron, osmium and cobalt are discussed. The degree of stereocontrol achieved for styrene and related aryl‐containing olefins is higher than that for terminal alkenes with no aryl substituents.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Dual‐plastic hinge design concept for reducing higher‐mode effects on high‐rise cantilever wall buildings
Authors: Panagiotou Marios , Restrepo José I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the notion of detailing reinforced concrete structural walls to develop base and mid‐height plastic hinges to better control the seismic response of tall cantilever wall buildings to strong shaking. This concept, termed here dual‐plastic hinge (DPH) concept, is used to reduce the effects of higher modes of response in high‐rise buildings. Higher modes can significantly increase the flexural demands in tall cantilever wall buildings. Lumped‐mass Euler–Bernoulli cantilevers are used to model the case‐study buildings examined in this paper. Buildings with 10, 20 and 40 stories are designed according to three different approaches: ACI‐318, Eurocode 8 and the proposed DPH concept. The buildings are designed and subjected to three‐specific historical strong near‐fault ground motions. The investigation clearly shows the dual‐hinge design concept is effective at reducing the effects of the second mode of response. An advantage of the concept is that, when combined with capacity design, it can result in relaxation of special reinforcing detailing in large portions of the walls. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exact analysis of different detector algorithms for NDA carrier phase recovery of 16/32‐APSK signals
Authors: Gappmair Wilfried , Cioni Stefano , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro , Koudelka Otto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the new digital video broadcasting standard for satellite communications (DVB‐S2), 16‐ and 32‐ary amplitude‐phase shift keying (APSK) are recommended as complementary modulation schemes to 4‐PSK and 8‐PSK. For carrier phase recovery with feedback loops, decision‐directed (DD) and non‐data‐aided (NDA) detector algorithms are basically applicable. In some recent papers, however, a hybrid NDA/DD solution has been suggested for this purpose, although not analysed in detail. Motivated by this observation, the hybrid algorithms are investigated in this paper in terms of detector characteristic (S‐curve) and jitter variance as the main figures of merit in this respect, with an additional design parameter introduced for optimisation. For comparison reasons, results for power‐law and monomial‐based Viterbi and Viterbi (V & V) trackers, as classical NDA solutions, are derived as well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
North Atlantic Oscillation influences on Turkish lake levels
Authors: Küçük Murat , Kahya Ercan , Cengiz Taner M. , Karaca Mehmet 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a large‐scale mode of natural climate variability governing the path of Atlantic mid‐latitude storm tracks and precipitation regimes in the Atlantic and Mediterranean sectors. The primary focus of this study is to investigate the variability of lake levels in seven lakes scattered across Turkey using the method of continuous wavelet transforms and global spectra. The long winter (December, January, February and March) lake‐level series and the NAO index (NAOI) series were subjected to wavelet transform. The global wavelet spectrum (energy spectrum of periodicities) of lake levels and winter NAOI anomalies, in most cases, revealed a significant correlation. It was shown that the Tuz, Sapanca, and Uluabat lakes reflect much stronger influences of the NAO than the other four lakes. In contrast, weak correlations were found in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean and eastern Turkey. The periodic structures of Turkish lake levels in relation to the NAO revealed a spectrum between the 1‐year and 10‐year scale level. Although the periodicities of more than 10‐year scale levels were detected, explaining significant relations between the NAO and these long‐term periodicities remains a challenging task. The results of this study are consistent with the earlier studies concerning the teleconnection between the NAO and climate variables in Turkey. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comments on ‘Jointness of growth determinants’
Authors: Ley Eduardo , Steel Mark F. J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe consider the measures of jointness proposed by Doppelhofer and Weeks (2009) and Strachan (2009) in the context of variable selection. Using the general criteria suggested in Ley and Steel (2007), we identify some shortcomings of these measures, which are illustrated with empirically relevant example cases. We argue that careful examination of the properties of any jointness measure is critical before using it to inform decisions, and favour the use of the measures proposed in Ley and Steel (2007). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OECD validation of phase 3 Hershberger assay in Korea using surgically castrated male rats with coded chemicals
Authors: Moon Hyun‐Ju , Kang Tae Seok , Kim Tae Sung , Kang Il Hyun , Ki Ho Youn , Kim Seung Hee , Han Soon Young 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs a participating laboratory for the OECD Hershberger validation program, we conducted a phase 3 trial to test the reliability of the Hershberger assay using coded substances. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were castrated at 6 weeks of age and allowed to recover for 8 days. All the coded substances were administered orally once daily for 10 consecutive days. In the antagonist version of the assay, 0.4 mg kg−1 of testosterone propionate (TP), a reference androgen, was co‐administered with the coded compounds C, D, H, I or K, by a subcutaneous injection. As anticipated, TP alone produced statistically significant increases in the five mandatory accessory sex organ weights. The coded substance L (trenbolone 40 mg kg−1), the test agonist, caused significant increases in the weights of the androgen‐dependent tissues. The five coded compounds, p,p′‐DDE at two doses (codes C and I), linuron at two doses (codes D and K) and flutamide (code H), all significantly decreased the weights of the TP‐stimulated sex organs. These results suggest the OECD Hershberger assay to be a reliable screening method for detecting androgen agonists and antagonists. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PI3K Acts in synergy with loss of PKC to elicit apoptosis via the UPR
Authors: Guo Jinjin , Zhu Tongbo , Luo Ling‐Yu , Huang Yi , Sunkavalli Raja G. , Chen Chang Yan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt is known that Ras mutations, together with loss of PKC, are apoptotic in various types of mammalian cells. The mechanism of how aberrant Ras transmits this apoptotic signaling remains unclear. Using three V12‐Ha‐ras loop mutants that preferentially bind to and activate one of Ras effectors, we tested the role of Ras downstream pathways in the induction of apoptosis in rat lung epithelia, human lung or prostate cancer cells. After PKC inhibition, the activation of PI3K/Akt renders the susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. We also demonstrate that the amount of ROS is moderately increased in the cells ectopically expressing V12C40 and dramatically elevated by suppression of PKC, which leads to apoptosis through the activation of UPR. Thus, our study suggests that after PKC abrogation, PI3K functions downstream of Ras to perturb the state of cellular redox and signals to ER stress‐regulated apoptotic machinery. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 76–85, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evodiamine and rutaecarpine inhibit migration by LIGHT via suppression of NADPH oxidase activation
Authors: Heo Sook‐Kyoung , Yun Hyun‐Jeong , Yi Hyo‐Seung , Noh Eui‐Kyu , Park Sun‐Dong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLIGHT acted as a new player in the atherogenesis. The dried, unripe fruit of Evodia Fructus (EF) has long been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and is currently widely used for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, colds and reduced blood circulation. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine are active components of EF. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of evodiamine and rutaecarpine on LIGHT‐induced migration in human monocytes. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine decreased the LIGHT‐induced production of ROS, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), TNF‐α, and IL‐6, as well as the expression of chemokine receptor (CCR) 1, CCR2 and ICAM‐1 and the phosphorylation of the ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor, AEBSF, blocked LIGHT‐induced migration and activation of CCR1, CCR2, ICAM‐1, and MAPK such as ERK and p38 in a manner similar to evodiamine and rutaecarpine. These findings indicate that the inhibitory effects of evodiamine and rutaecarpine on LIGHT‐induced migration and the activation of CCR1, CCR2, ICAM‐1, ERK, and p38 MAPK occurs via decreased ROS production and NADPH oxidase activation. Taken together, these results indicate that evodiamine and rutaecarpine have the potential for use as an anti‐atherosclerosis agent. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 123–133, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of different scan methods for the urinary detection of corticosteroid metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pozo Oscar J. , Ventura Rosa , Monfort Núria , Segura Jordi , Delbeke Frans T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDifferent approaches for the non‐target detection of corticosteroids in urine have been evaluated. As a result of previous studies about the ionization (positive/negative) and fragmentation of corticosteroids, several methods based on both precursor ion (PI) and neutral loss (NL) scans are proposed. The applicability of these methods was checked by the injection of a standard solution containing 19 model compounds. Five of the studied methods (NL of 76 Da; PI of 77, 91 and 105; PI of 237; PI of 121, 147 and 171; and NL of 38 Da) exhibited satisfactory results at the concentration level checked (corresponding to 20 ng/ml in sample). Some other methods in negative ionization mode such as the NL of 104 Da were found to lack sufficient sensitivity. Some of the applied methods were found to be specific for a concrete structure (NL of 38 Da for fluorine containing corticosteroids) while others showed a wide range applicability (PI of 77, 91 and 105 showed response in all model compounds). Interference by endogenous compounds was also tested by the analysis of negative urines and urines spiked with different corticosteroids. The suitability of these methods for the detection of corticosteroid metabolites was checked by the analysis of urine samples collected after the administration of methylprednisolone and triamcinolone. A combination of the reported methods seems to be the approach of choice in order to have a global overview about the excreted corticosteroid metabolites. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics and mechanism of the Crystal II → smecticG phase transition in TB7A by a temperature‐dependent micro‐Raman study and DFT calculations
Authors: Vikram K. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Ojha Animesh K. , Schlücker S. , Kiefer W. , Singh Ranjan K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe solid to smecticG (SmG) phase transition in a Schiff base liquid crystalline compound, terepthal‐bis‐heptylaniline (TB7A), is monitored in situ by temperature‐dependent Raman microspectroscopy, using the band of a CH in‐plane bending mode as a marker. Contrary to the earlier report of a sudden wavenumber shift, the in situ measurement shows very clearly that a new Raman band at ∼1160 cm−1 appears at the Crystal II → SmG transition. The dynamics of this phase transition is discussed in terms of a triple well potential below 210 K and a double well potential above 210 K. The phase transition essentially takes place as a result of intra‐molecular rotation about the long molecular axis. The optimization energy at various fixed dihedral angles, (CCCN) are calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory. The relative energy at each dihedral angle is calculated relative to optimization energy obtained without any constraints and plotted as a function of dihedral angle (Φ) between the adjacent phenyl ring planes, which also shows a double well potential at room temperature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Has the experience economy arrived? The views of destination managers in three visitor‐dependent areas
Authors: Morgan Michael , Elbe Jörgen , de Esteban Curiel Javier 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the concept of the experience economy as a basis for management and marketing strategies in tourism destination regions. It identifies the key elements of the concept as being a view of consumer behaviour which stress the emotional, aspirational and participative over the functional and rational; an approach to services management through theatrical metaphors of staging, casting and performance; and strategies which see the delivery, or co‐creation, of unique and memorable experiences as a source of competitive advantage. It investigates the extent to which these have been accepted and acted upon by destination managers, using case studies from three contrasting visitor‐dependent economies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.