bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 Via Steroidogenic Factor-1 Coordinately Regulates Transcription of Steroidogenic Genes Necessary for Estrogen Synthesis in Endometriosis
Authors: Attar Erkut , Tokunaga Hideki , Imir Gonca , Yilmaz M. Bertan , Redwine David , Putman Michael , Gurates Bilgin , Attar Rukset , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hales Dale B. , Bulun Serdar E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractContext: Products of at least five specific steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which facilitates the entry of cytosolic cholesterol into the mitochondrion, side chain cleavage P450 enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2, 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase, and aromatase, which catalyzes the final step, are necessary for the conversion of cholesterol to estrogen. Expression and biological activity of StAR and aromatase were previously demonstrated in endometriosis but not in normal endometrium. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces aromatase expression via the transcriptional factor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) in endometriosis, which is opposed by chicken-ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor (COUP-TF) and Wilms’ tumor-1 (WT1) in endometrium.Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate a complete steroidogenic pathway leading to estrogen biosynthesis in endometriotic cells and the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate basal and PGE2-stimulated estrogen production in endometriotic cells and endometrium.Results: Compared with normal endometrial tissues, mRNA levels of StAR, side chain cleavage P450, 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2, 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase, aromatase, and SF1 were significantly higher in endometriotic tissues. PGE2 induced the expression of all steroidogenic genes; production of progesterone, estrone, and estradiol; and StAR promoter activity in endometriotic cells. Overexpression of SF1 induced, whereas COUP-TFII or WT1 suppressed, StAR promoter activity. PGE2 induced coordinate binding of SF1 to StAR and aromatase promoters but decreased COUP-TFII binding in endometriotic cells. COUP-TFII or WT1 binding to both promoters was significantly higher in endometrial compared with endometriotic cells.Conclusion: Endometriotic cells contain the full complement of steroidogenic genes for de novo synthesis of estradiol from cholesterol, which is stimulated by PGE2 via enhanced binding of SF1 to promoters of StAR and aromatase genes in a synchronous fashion.
Fresh-Frozen Plasma as a Source of Exogenous Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Extremely Preterm Infant
Authors: Hansen-Pupp Ingrid , Engström Eva , Niklasson Aimon , Berg Ann-Cathrine , Fellman Vineta , Löfqvist Chatarina , Hellström Ann , Ley David 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Context: Preterm birth is followed by a decrease in circulatory levels of IGF-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, proteins with important neurogenic and angiogenic properties.
Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the effects of iv administration of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) from adult donors on circulatory levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in extremely preterm infants.
Design, Setting, and Patients: A prospective cohort study was performed in 20 extremely preterm infants [mean (sd) gestational age 25.3 (1.3) wk] with clinical requirement of FFP during the first postnatal week. Sampling was performed before initiation of transfusion, directly after, and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after completed FFP transfusion.
Main Outcome Measures: Concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 before and after transfusion of FFP were determined.
Results: FFP with a mean (sd) volume of 11 ml/kg (3.1) was administered at a median postnatal age of 2 d (range 1–7). Mean (sd) IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations in administered FFP were 130 (39) and 2840 μg/liter (615), respectively. Immediately after FFP transfusion, mean (sd) concentrations of IGF-I increased by 133% from 11 (6.4) to 25 μg/liter (9.3) (P &lt; 0.001) and IGFBP-3 by 61% from 815 (451) to 1311 μg/liter (508) (P &lt; 0.001). Concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 remained higher at 6 (P &lt; 0.001, P = 0.009) and 12 h (P = 0.017, P = 0.018), respectively, as compared with concentrations before FFP transfusion. Typical half-life of administrated IGF-I was 3.4 h for a 1-kg infant.
Conclusion: Transfusion of FFP to extremely preterm infants during the first postnatal week elevates levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3.
Differential Effects of Octreotide and Pasireotide on Somatostatin Receptor Internalization and Trafficking in Vitro
Authors: Lesche Sarah , Lehmann Diana , Nagel Falko , Schmid Herbert A. , Schulz Stefan 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Objective: The clinically used somatostatin analogs, octreotide and lanreotide, act primarily by binding to somatostatin receptor 2 (sst2). In contrast, the novel multireceptor ligand pasireotide (SOM230) binds with high affinity to somatostatin receptor subtypes sst1, sst2, sst3, and sst5. SOM230 is currently under clinical evaluation for treatment of acromegaly, Cushing’s disease, and octreotide-resistant carcinoid tumors. However, the effects of SOM230 on internalization and postendosomal sorting of individual human somatostatin receptor subtypes have not been determined so far.
Results: Here we show that SOM230 was less potent than octreotide in inducing internalization and signaling of sst2 receptors expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. In contrast, SOM230 was more potent than octreotide in inducing internalization and signaling of sst3 and sst5 receptors. Both SOM230 and octreotide stimulated a rapid down-regulation of sst3 but not of sst2 or sst5 receptors. SOM230 and octreotide profoundly differed in their patterns of sst2-stimulated β-arrestin mobilization. Whereas octreotide-mediated receptor activation led to the formation of stable complexes facilitating the internalization of sst2 and β-arrestin-2 into the same endocytic vesicles, SOM230-mediated receptor activation led to the formation of unstable complexes that dissociated at or near the plasma membrane. Consequently, sst2 receptors recycled rapidly to the plasma membrane after endocytosis in SOM230-treated cells, but not in octreotide-treated cells.
Conclusion: We show that SOM230 modulates somatostatin receptor trafficking in a manner clearly distinct from octreotide and somatostatin. These findings may provide an explanation for the differential regulation of somatostatin receptor responsiveness during long-term administration of stable somatostatin analogs.
Rash Associated with Pregabalin Use
Authors: Smith Timothy L , Baldwin Aaron , Cunningham Larry L , Cook Aaron M 
Published: November 2008

Objective: To report a case of extensive rash induced by orally administered pregabalin in a patient with neuropathic pain. Case Summary: A 35-year-old white female with a diffuse, erythematous, maculopapular rash localized to her back and extremities presented to the preoperative holding area for planned exploratory nerve surgery. Prior to presentation, she had been receiving oral pregabalin 50 mg 3 times a day for approximately 2 weeks to treat her neuropathy. Prior to pregabalin therapy, the patient indicated that she had taken gabapentin for approximately 3 weeks for the pain, but had discontinued it due to adverse effects and perceived lack of efficacy. Pregabalin was discontinued and diphenhydramine and methylprednisolone were given to treat the rash. The rash almost completely resolved one week after pregabalin was discontinued. Discussion: Pregabalin-induced rash was rarely reported in Phase 3 trials, and a clinical description of such events has not been published. Pregabalin exhibits pharmacokinetics different from those of most other antiepileptic agents. Presently, there are no clear mechanisms known for rash associated with pregabalin. The Naranjo probability scale indicates a probable relationship between the development of rash and use of pregabalin by our patient. Conclusions: There are currently no other available reports of the development of a rash coinciding with the use of pregabalin. As both Food and Drug Administration–approved and off-label use of this drug increases, further consideration of risk factors associated with the development of rash is needed.
Perspectives on Health Care of Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Parish Susan L. , Moss Kathryn , Richman Erica L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA focus group study was conducted with individuals with developmental disabilities to understand their perspectives on their health status, health promotion behaviors, and health care services they receive. The majority of participants reported good to excellent health, and all had some form of medical insurance. However, participants reported notable gaps in dental and reproductive health care and age-specific cancer screening. Some adults had good access to medical care, particularly those with a family member or friend who served as their health advocate. Some adults had a sound understanding of their health and health care needs. Program and policy implications are discussed and recommendations are presented to ensure adequate health care for adults with disabilities, including health advocacy training for caregivers.
Emergency Psychiatric Services for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: Perspectives of Hospital Staff
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Gracey Carolyn , Gelfand Sara 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Strains on the mainstream mental health system can result in inaccessible services that force individuals with intellectual disabilities into the emergency room (ER) when in psychiatric crisis. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and systemic issues surrounding emergency psychiatry services for people with intellectual disabilities, from the perspective of hospital staff. Focus groups were conducted with emergency psychiatry staff from 6 hospitals in Toronto, Canada. Hospital staff reported a lack of knowledge regarding intellectual disabilities and a shortage of available community resources. Hospital staff argued that caregivers need more community and respite support to feel better equipped to deal with the crisis before it escalates to the ER and that hospital staff feel ill prepared to provide the necessary care when the ER is the last resort. Input from hospital staff pointed to deficiencies in the system that lead caregivers to use the ER when other options have been exhausted. Both staff and caregivers need support and access to appropriate services if the system is to become more effective at serving the psychiatric needs of this complex population.
Future Internet Routing: Motivation and Design IssuesRouting im Internet der Zukunft: Hintergründe und Gestaltungsansätze
Authors: Menth Michael , Hartmann Matthias , Tran-Gia Phuoc , Klein Dominik 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The fast increase of the routing table size in the default-free zone (DFZ) is a major concern for the scalability of the Internet and a threat for its effective operation in the future. Proposals exist to modify the current routing architecture in order to decelerate the growth of the routing tables in the DFZ, but they are difficult to deploy. The locator/identifier split (Loc/ID) principle is significantly different from routing and addressing in today´s Internet, but it is expected to improve routing scalability. We explain its basic idea, address interworking issues, point out design options, and review current implementation proposals.
Future Internet Architecture – A Service Oriented ApproachFuture Internet Architecture – Ein serviceorientierter Ansatz
Authors: Müller Paul , Reuther Bernd 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The development of the Internet during the last years has shown that it becomes harder to integrate new functionality in order to fulfill the demands of new applications and the capabilities of new transport technologies. Especially the core mechanisms (TCP/IP) are hard to change. Thus the development of a new Internet architecture has been discussed for some time now. In this work we present a service-oriented approach for a new network architecture. At first it is argued which kinds of flexibility should be provided by an architecture. Then it will be shown which common principles of service-orientation support this flexibility. Further we present technical considerations for implementing network functionality by services.
Self-Protecting Networks – How Cooperation Strategies Can Strengthen Network SecuritySelbstschützende Netze – Netzwerksicherheit durch Kooperation
Authors: Zseby Tanja , Kleis Michael , Hirsch Thomas 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The Internet today is an insecure place. New attacks and vulnerabilities emerge every day, user education remains fragmentary and security solutions are only sparsely deployed. Protecting networks against new and unexpected attacks remains a challenging task, given the dynamic nature of network traffic. It is difficult to model or predict what to consider as normal behavior in current and future networks, which is a pre-requisite for detecting deviations from normality. In this paper we argue that to cope with these challenges network protection has to become an integral part of future networks. The evolving research field on autonomic communication provides a basis for introducing techniques for detection and defense directly into network nodes. Together with integration of learning methods, we see deployment of cooperation strategies as the main enabler for self-protection.
Die Zukunft der Computer-Technologie
Authors: Kaufmann Hans 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Wer sich mit dem Computer näher beschäftigen muß, für den hat dieses Instrument viele Aspekte, und je mehr er davon kennen lernt, um so mehr neue tauchen vor ihm auf. Der Computer ist ein Instrument. Für viele Sparten. Dem einen Benützer dient er als Tischrechenmaschine mit einigen Gedächtnisfunktionen; jenem ist er ein Mittel, Differentialgleichungen wirklich zu lösen, von denen man vor 50 Jahren lediglich "bewies", daß sie überhaupt eine Lösung haben; anderen ist er eine Buchhaltung über unübersehbar viele Daten - praktisch liegt hier der größte Anwendungsbereich; und wieder anderen ist er ein Objekt philosophischer Betrachtung, das ihn herausfordert, über das Problem "Mensch" nachzudenken. Dem Techniker aber schließlich, der diese Gebilde baut, sind sie immerwährender Anlaß, sich mit der Natur auseinanderzusetzen, die da so vieles kann, was er auch können möchte.
Oral cyclosporine A - the current picture of its liposomal and other delivery systems
Authors: Czogalla Aleksander 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe discovery of cyclosporine A was a milestone in organ transplantation and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, developing an efficient oral delivery system for this drug is complicated by its poor biopharmaceutical characteristics (low solubility and permeability) and the need to carefully monitor its levels in the blood. Current research is exploring various approaches, including those based on emulsions, microspheres, nanoparticles, and liposomes. Although progress has been made, none of the formulations is flawless. This review is a brief description of the main pharmaceutical systems and devices that have been described for the oral delivery of cyclosporine A in the context of the physicochemical properties of the drug and the character of its interactions with lipid membranes.
Quaternary stratigraphy of Panchkhal valley, Central Nepal
Authors: Timsina Yadu Nath , Adhikary Prakash Chandra 
Published: November 2008

The Panchkhal Valley is one of intermontane basins in the Central Nepal east of Kathmandu with two sets of neo-tectonic lineaments sited from satellite imagery and aerial photographs. One extending NNW-SSE east of the valley results the old Panchkhal Valley uplifting along south during Plio-Pleistocene age and second one NE-SW has ultimately uplifted the old valley. The Panchkhal Clay, Ratopairo Formation, Rampur Formation and Tamaghat Formation are four depositional lithostratigraphical units. Similarly, Tamaghat, Rampur, Thumka, and Chisapani surfaces are depositional and Basukidada, Sano-Tinghare, Sumara-Thulo Tinghare, Dhulikhel, Koiralathumka and Bhamarkot surfaces are erosional morphostratigraphic geomorphic surfaces. Geomorphic terrace cutting level is around 1400-1440 m and all surfaces and deposits above and below are relatively young. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1415 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 1-8
Shallow soil slope instability analysis at horticultural farm, Daman, Central Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Suman 
Published: November 2008

Slope stability analyses were carried out for slopes around the horticultural farm at Daman, Central Mahabharat Region of Nepal. Daman lies in the Mahabharat zone with intruded granite as the basement rock. These granites are highly to completely weathered and decomposed to few metres depth from the exposed surfaces. The horticultural farm is situated over these decomposed rocks with some colluvium along the hill slopes. The rainstorm of 19-21 July 1993 devasted the horticultural farm with numerous landslides and gully erosions. Based on the limit equilibrium analysis theory and computed index as well as strength properties of the soil, analyses of three of the failed slopes were carried out. The analyses revealed that slides were unstable only during fully saturated conditions. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1422 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 71-78
Status of sand mining and quality in northern Kathmandu, Central Nepal
Authors: Sayami Mamata , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: November 2008

Growing trend of urbanization in Kathmandu has increased the demands of sand for building materials of concrete. Demand of sand has been fulfilled from terrace and riverbed mining in northern region of Kathmandu and by importing from west of Kathmandu. Riverbed excavation and some quarries in terrace deposits are illegally operated. Although riverbed excavation is prohibited, majority of the sand comes from such mining. Questionnaire analysis, analysis of secondary data and sand samples were carried out in laboratory to obtain (a) the existing status of sand mining and (b) the quality of sand supplied to the market. About 60% demand of sands have been fulfilled through riverbeds while 40% have been fulfilled through terrace deposits. The Sanla and the Manahara Rivers have been the most efficiently excavated rivers. About 1865 m3 sands from river and 1238 m3 from terraces have been excavated per day. Future demand of sand may increase considering 60% increase of household in the valley. Out of total excavation sites in the valley, 40% illegal sites are located in rivers and 5% in terrace deposits. Mining policy and laws are weak to control illegal mining and to bring miners and dwellers into the framework of taxation. The river or terrace sands do not differ much in major constituents, but the former sands are more matured. Both sands are hazardous in terms of mica content that approaches 10 to 32% lying beyond the acceptable limit of 8%. Other deleterious materials are quite low in percentage and do not exceed 3%. If processing can be applied to reduce mica content at a commercial-scale, the sands in the Kathmandu Valley will be probably of good quality. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1424 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp.89-98
Systematic Review of Discriminating Power of Outcome Measures Used in Clinical Trials of Fibromyalgia
Authors: CARVILLE SERENA F. , CHOY ERNEST H.S. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) comprises many symptoms and features. Consequently, studies on the condition have used a wide variety of outcome measures and assessment instruments. We investigated those outcome measures and instruments in association with the OMERACT (Outcome measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials) FM Workshop initiative to define core outcome measures that should be used to assess FM.MethodsA systematic literature review up to December 2007 was carried out using the keywords “fibromyalgia,” “treatment” or “management,” and “trial.” Data were extracted on outcome measures and assessment instruments used and the pre and post mean and standard deviation to calculate effect sizes (ES). Further sensitivity analysis was carried out according to treatment type, blinding status, and study outcome.ResultsThe outcome domains identified fell largely within those defined by OMERACT. Morning stiffness was frequently assessed and therefore has been included here. The number of assessment instruments used was wide-ranging, so sensitivity analysis was only carried out on the top 5 within each domain. ES ranged from 0.54 to 3.77 for the key OMERACT domains. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was the only exception that had no instrument with moderate sensitivity. Of the secondary domains, dyscognition was lacking any sensitive instrument, as were fatigue and anxiety in pharmacological trials.ConclusionEach of the key OMERACT domains has an instrument that appears to be sensitive to change, with the exception of HRQOL, which requires further research. Dyscognition, fatigue, and anxiety would all benefit from more research into their assessment instruments.
Alendronate Protects Premenopausal Women from Bone Loss and Fracture Associated with High-dose Glucocorticoid Therapy
Authors: OKADA YOSUKE , NAWATA MASAO , NAKAYAMADA SHINGO , SAITO KAZUYOSHI , TANAKA YOSHIYA 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveWe assessed the efficacy of bisphosphonate in premenopausal women (n = 47) commencing high-dose glucocorticoid (GC) therapy in protection against induced bone loss and bone fracture.MethodsSubjects had just developed systemic autoimmune diseases and were randomized to be treated with 1 mg/kg/day prednisolone and alfacalcidol 1 μg/day alone (alfacalcidol group; n = 22), or prednisolone and alfacalcidol 1 μg/day with alendronate 5 mg/day (alendronate group; n = 25), each for 18 months.ResultsThe percentage changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) after 6 months of the therapy were −10.5% ± 0.8% in the alfacalcidol group, but only −2.1% ± 1.2% in the combined group. The rate of bone loss in the lumbar spine was significantly lower in the combined group than in the alfacalcidol group at 6 months. At 12 months of treatment, the percentage change in lumbar spine BMD was increased by 1.7% ± 1.4% in the combined group, but decreased by 9.9% ± 1.9% in the alfacalcidol group; the difference was significant. Bone fracture occurred at 12 months or later in 4 patients of the alfacalcidol groups, but not in the combined group, even at up to 18 months.ConclusionOur results indicate that alendronate with alfacalcidol can maintain BMD and protects against high-dose GC-induced bone loss and bone fracture.