bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exacerbated loss of cell survival, neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive (IR) cells, and serotonin‐IR fiber lengths in the dorsal hippocampus of the aged flinders sensitive line “depressed” rat: Implications for the pathophysiology of depression?
Authors: Husum H. , Aznar S. , Høyer‐Hansen S. , Larsen M. Hald , Mikkelsen J.D. , Møller A. , Mathé A.A. , Wörtwein G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractImpairment of hippocampal neurogenesis has been proposed to provide a cellular basis for the development of major depression. Studies have shown that serotonin (5‐HT) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) may be involved in stimulating cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus. The Flinders‐sensitive line (FSL) rat represents a genetic model of depression with characterized 5‐HT and NPY abnormalities in the hippocampus. Consequently, it could be hypothesized that hippocampal neurogenesis in the FSL rat would be impaired. The present study examined the relationship among 1) number of BrdU‐immunoreactive (IR) cells, 2) NPY‐IR cells in the dentate gyrus, and 3) length of 5‐HT‐IR fibers in the dorsal hippocampus, as well as volume and number of 5‐HT‐IR cells in the dorsal raphé nucleus, in adult and aged FSL rats and control Flinders‐resistant line (FRL) rats. Surprisingly, adult FSL rats had significantly more BrdU‐IR and NPY‐IR cells compared with adult FRL rats. However, aging caused an exacerbated loss of these cell types in the FSL strain compared with FRL. The aged FSL rats also had shortened 5‐HT‐IR fibers in the dorsal hippocampus, indicative of an impaired 5‐HT innervation of this area, compared with FRL. These results suggest that, for “depressed” FSL rats, compared with FRL rats, aging is associated with an excacerbated loss of newly formed cells in addition to NPY‐IR cells and 5‐HT‐IR dendrites in the hippocampus. These observations may be of relevance to the depression‐like behavior of the FSL rat and, by inference, to the pathophysiology of depression. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for the presence of the type 2 corticotropin releasing factor receptor in the rodent cerebellum
Authors: Bishop Georgia A. , Tian Jin Bin , Stanke Jennifer J. , Fischer Andy J. , King James S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCorticotropin releasing factor (CRF), localized in afferent inputs to the cerebellum, binds to two receptors defined as the Type 1 (CRF‐R1) and the Type 2 (CRF‐R2α). CRF‐R1 has been localized to the cerebellum, as has a truncated isoform of CRF‐R2α. Evidence for the presence of the full length isoform of CRF‐R2α in the cerebellum is conflicting. We used RT‐PCR, immunohistochemical, and physiologic techniques to resolve this conflict. RT‐PCR data show low levels of CRF‐R2α in the vermis and hemisphere of the cerebellum. These observations were confirmed by the Gene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) database. A CRF‐R2α antibody was used to determine the cellular distribution of the receptor in the cerebellum. The vast majority of the receptors are localized to Bergmann glial cells located throughout the cerebellum, as well as astrocytes in the granule cell layer. Neuronal labeling is present in sub‐populations of Purkinje cells, Golgi cells, basket cells, and cerebellar nuclear neurons. Physiologic data show that urocortin II, which binds selectively to CRF‐R2α, increases the firing rate of both Purkinje cells and nuclear neurons; this response can be blocked by the CRF‐R2α‐specific antagonist, antisauvagine‐30. The present results confirm that CRF‐R2α is present in the cerebellum and functions in circuits that modulate the firing rate of Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclear neurons. A comparative analysis showed that the patterns of distribution of CRF‐R1, CRF‐R2α and CRF‐R2α‐tr are distinct. These data indicate that the CRF family of peptides modulates cerebellar output by binding to multiple CRF receptors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liver X receptor activation decreases the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hindinger Claudia , Hinton David R. , Kirwin Stefanie J. , Atkinson Roscoe D. , Burnett Margaret E. , Bergmann Cornelia C. , Stohlman Stephen A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAgonists of liver X receptors (LXR), members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, alter secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting potential antiinflammatory effects. A synthetic LXR agonist inhibited T‐cell proliferation and cytokine release in a dose‐dependent manner. Treatment of mice during induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduced clinical symptoms, central nervous system cellular inflammation, and major histocompatibility class II expression on microglia, as well as demyelination. In contrast to in vitro analysis, no reductions in peripheral neuroantigen specific T‐cell responses were detected in comparing ligand and vehicle treated mice. These data suggest that LXR agonists play an important protective role in the regulation of T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The immunosuppressant rapamycin exacerbates neurotoxicity of Aβ peptide
Authors: Lafay‐Chebassier Claire , Pérault‐Pochat Marie Christine , Page Guylène , Bilan Agnès Rioux , Damjanac Milena , Pain Stéphanie , Houeto Jean‐Luc , Gil Roger , Hugon Jacques 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by two major lesions: extracellular senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. β‐Amyloid (Aβ) is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. Protein synthesis and especially translation initiation are modulated by different factors, including the PKR/eIF2 and the mTOR/p70S6K pathways. mRNA translation is altered in the brain of AD patients. Very little is known about the translation control mediated by mTOR in AD, although mTOR is a central regulator of translation initiation and also ribosome biogenesis and cell growth and proliferation. In this study, by using Western blotting, we show that mTOR pathway is down‐regulated by Aβ treatment in human neuroblastoma cells, and the underlying mechanism explaining a transient activation of p70S6K is linked to cross‐talk between mTOR and ERK1/2 at this kinase level. This phenomenon is associated with caspase‐3 activation, and inhibition of mTOR by the inhibitor rapamycin enhances Aβ‐induced cell death. Moreover, in our cell model, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 is able to increase markedly the p70S6K phosphorylation controlled by mTOR and reduces the caspase‐3 activity, but its protective effect on Aβ cell death is mediated via an mTOR‐independent pathway. These results demonstrate that mTOR plays an important role as a cellular survival pathway in Aβ toxicity and could represent a possible target for modulating Aβ toxicity. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional modulation of parkin through physical interaction with SUMO‐1
Authors: Um Ji Won , Chung Kwang Chul 
Published: September 2006

AbstractParkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the extensive and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the CNS substantia nigra pars compacta region. Mutations in the parkin gene, which encodes for E3 ubiquitin ligase, have been implicated in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, an early‐onset and common familial form of PD. Although several parkin substrates have already been identified, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of enzymatic activity of parkin has yet to be clarified. In a previous study, we demonstrated that RanBP2 becomes a new target for parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase and is processed via parkin‐mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. RanBP2, which is localized in the cytoplasmic filament of the nuclear pore complex, belongs to the small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase family. Here we show that parkin appears to bind selectively to the SUMO‐1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the physical association of SUMO‐1 with parkin results in an increase in the nuclear transport of parkin as well as its self‐ubiquitination. Our findings suggest that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of parkin and its intracellular localization may be modulated through the SUMO‐1 association. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suprachiasmatic astrocytes as an interface for immune‐circadian signalling
Authors: Leone María Juliana , Marpegan Luciano , Bekinschtein Tristán A. , Costas Mónica A. , Golombek Diego A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the site of a mammalian circadian clock, exhibit a dense immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a specific marker for astrocytes. Although there is evidence of a circadian variation in GFAP‐IR in the hamster SCN and of the participation of glial cells in input and output mechanisms of the clock, the role of these cells within the circadian system is not clearly understood. The fact that astroglia can express and respond to cytokines suggests that they could work as mediators of immune signals to the circadian system. In the present study, we have found a daily variation of GFAP‐IR in the mouse SCN, peaking during the light phase. In addition, we have identified GFAP and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) in glial cells within the SCN and in primary cultures of the mouse SCN. Moreover, SCN glia cultures were transfected with an NF‐κB/luc construct whose transcriptional activity was increased with lipopolysaccharide 2 μg/ml, tumor necrosis factor‐α 20 ng/ml, or interleukin‐1α 100 ng/ml, after 12 hr of stimulation. These results suggest that the glial cells of the SCN can mediate input signals to the mouse circadian system coming from the immune system via NF‐κB signaling. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ascorbic acid, aroma compounds and browning of orange juices related to PET packaging materials and pH
Authors: Berlinet Cécilia , Brat Pierre , Brillouet Jean‐Marc , Ducruet Violette 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe ascorbic acid content of orange juice made from concentrate was measured after 9 months of storage at 20 °C in glass, standard monolayer polyethylene terephthalate (PET1), multilayer PET (PET2) and plasma‐treated PET (PET3) containers. Glass enabled the best preservation of ascorbic acid and, in plastic packaging materials, ascorbic acid losses were correlated with their oxygen permeability. PET2 and PET3, which exhibit oxygen permeability 10 times less than that of PET1, enabled a gain of 100 mg L−1 after 9 months of storage. Freshly hand‐squeezed orange juice samples were adjusted to various pH values using sodium hydroxide; a rise in the pH from 3.2 to 4.0 significantly reduced the amounts of off‐flavours (i.e., furfural and α‐terpineol) appearing during storage, by 79% and 65%, respectively. Moreover, an increase in the pH from 3.2 to 4.0 enabled the protection of ascorbic acid levels without detrimentally increasing non‐enzymatic browning. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of branch bending on sugar, organic acid and phenolic content in fruits of ‘Williams’ pears (Pyrus communis L.)
Authors: Colaric Mateja , Stampar Franci , Solar Anita , Hudina Metka 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSelected sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds were analysed in mature fruits of ‘Williams’ pears using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Fruits were harvested from the branches of trees tested in three treatments: branches were bent in summer 2003 (1 September), in spring 2004 (15 May) and control (branches were not bent). Pears contained up to 73.54 g kg−1 fresh weight (FW) of fructose, 9.42 g kg−1 FW of glucose, 7.94 g kg−1 FW of sucrose and 24.59 g kg−1 FW of sorbitol. Major organic acids were (in order of descending quantity) citric, malic, shikimic and fumaric acid (up to 3.05 g kg−1 FW, 2.24 g kg−1 FW, 71.79 mg kg−1 FW and 0.49 mg kg−1 FW, respectively). Chlorogenic acid (280.86–357.34 mg kg−1 FW) was the predominant phenolic acid, followed in concentration (mg kg−1 FW) by syringic acid (95.46–131.32), epicatechin (46.55–83.09), catechin (25.67–44.81), vanillic acid (1.87–3.48), sinapic acid (0.83–1.72) and caffeic acid (0.72–1.04). Significant differences in content of fructose, sorbitol, total sugars, catechin, epicatechin, sinapic acid, syringic acid, and a sum of determined phenolic compounds were observed among the treatments. Fruits from summer bending branches had the lowest content of individual sugars, citric acid and phenolic compounds and the highest content of malic, shikimic and fumaric acid. The highest content of fructose, sorbitol, sucrose, total sugars, caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and syringic acid were determined in the fruits from the spring treatment. In the control treatment the highest content of glucose, citric acid, chlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, as well a sum of determined phenolics, were observed. The lowest content of fumaric acid was in the spring treatment and of malic and shikimic acid in the control. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid phase‐compositional assessment of lipid‐based food products by time domain NMR
Authors: Trezza E. , Haiduc A. M. , Goudappel G. J. W. , van Duynhoven J. P. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn food science and technology, assessment of phase‐compositional behaviour of lipids is critical for understanding many product properties and for effective process control. Time Domain NMR is a rapid and easy‐to‐handle technique, and is already well appreciated as a tool for phase‐compositional assessment in foods. The phase‐compositional detail that can be obtained with the established methodology is limited, however. In this work, we set out to obtain more phase‐compositional details of lipids as currently feasible with the already established ‘classical’ NMR methods. We deployed a combined FID‐CPMG experiment, and analyzed the Transversal Relaxation Decays by Deconvolution (TRDD) with semi‐empirical mathematical functions for solid, semi‐solid and liquid components. Within the solid component, different lipid crystal polymorphs can be discerned in a quantitative manner, i.e. α, β and β′. The TRDD method was validated against established NMR SFC methods, in terms of accuracy (‘trueness’) and precision. The solid fat content (SFC) of a large collection of fat blends was measured by the commonly employed NMR Direct and Indirect SFC methods and a good correlation with the results of the TRDD was observed, thereby demonstrating accuracy. Furthermore, TRDD was found to be equally precise as the established NMR SFC methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural determination of diterpenes from Daphne genkwa by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Akhtar Kalsoom , Bahadar Khan Sher , Ali Irshad 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFive daphnane type diterpenes have been isolated from the chloroform soluble fraction of Daphne genkwa. The structure of the new compound (1) was assigned as 5β‐hydroxyresiniferonol‐6α,7α‐epoxy‐12β‐acetoxy‐9,13,14‐ortho‐2E‐decenoate by extensive NMR studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of expression of the retinoic acid metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 in uteri of ovariectomized mice after treatment with ovarian steroid hormones
Authors: Fritzsche Britta , Vermot Julien , Neumann Ulrike , Schmidt Anja , Schweigert Florian J. , Dollé Pascal , Rühl Ralph 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe retinoic acid (RA) synthesizing enzymes, retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH), are expressed in specific spatial and temporal patterns in uterine tissues during estrous cycle and early pregnancy in mice. Expression of RALDH1 and 2 has been shown to be induced by estrogen treatment within the uterus. In this study, we determined the influence of progesterone and 17‐ß‐estradiol on the uterine expression of the RA‐metabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 after specific time intervals (1, 4, 24, and 48 hr after treatment of ovariectomized mice). In a following experiment, we investigated the influence of gestagen (promegestone 0.3 mg/kg body weight), estrogen (estradiol 3 µg/kg), their combination, as well as the antagonizing anti‐progesterone hormone (RU 486 10 mg/kg) on the uterine expression of CYP26A1. Expression of CYP26A1 was localized using in situ hybridization and quantified using RT‐PCR. CYP26A1 mRNA expression was strongly—although transiently—induced in uterine endometrial epithelial and glandular cells after administration of gestagen or the combination of gestagen + estrogen, but not by estrogen alone. These observations were confirmed by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR experiments on whole uteri. Thus, we show that the expression of CYP26A1 in endometrial epithelial cells is regulated by progesterone and not significantly influenced by co‐administration of estrogen. These data indicate an additional level of hormonal control of endogenous RA levels in the mouse uterus, where its synthesis would rely on estrogen‐dependent expression of RALDH enzymes, whereas its active metabolism would be triggered by progesterone‐induced CYP26A1 expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a heat‐shock protein Hsp40, DjB1, as an acrosome‐ and a tail‐associated component in rodent spermatozoa
Authors: Doiguchi Masamichi , Kaneko Takane , Urasoko Aiko , Nishitani Hideo , Iida Hiroshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIba1 is a 17‐kDa EF‐hand protein highly expressed in the cytoplasm of elongating spermatids in testis. Using Iba1 as a bait, we performed yeast Two‐hybrid screening and isolated a heat‐shock protein Hsp40, DjB1, from cDNA library of mouse testis. To characterize DjB1 that is encoded by Dnajb1 gene, we carried out immunoblot analyses, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Immunoblot analyses showed that DjB1was constitutively expressed in mouse testis and that its expression level was not changed by heat shock. Dnajb1 mRNA was exclusively expressed in spermatocytes and round spermatids in mouse testis, and Dnajb1 protein DjB1 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongating spermatids. In mature mouse spermatozoa, DjB1 was localized in the middle and the end pieces of flagella as well as in association with the head (acrosomal region). Association of DjB1 with the acrosomal region in sperm head was also observed in rat spermatozoa. These data suggested that DjB1, which was constitutively expressed in postmeiotic spermatogenic cells in testis, was integrated into spermatozoa as at least two components, that is, sperm head and tail of rodent spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a vasa‐like gene from the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its expression during oogenesis
Authors: Aflalo Eli D. , Bakhrat Anna , Raviv Shaul , Harari Daniel , Sagi Amir , Abdu Uri 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe vasa gene encodes an ATP‐dependent RNA helicase belonging to the DEAD‐box family that, in many organisms, is specifically expressed in germline cells throughout the life cycle. In this study we first cloned Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) partial cDNAs of two members of the DEAD‐box family, one belonging to the vasa subfamily (Lv‐Vasa) and the other to the PL10 subfamily (Lv‐PL10). Examination of their spatial expression pattern in adult tissues revealed that Lv‐Vasa is restricted to the gonads, whereas Lv‐PL10 is found in gonads as well as in somatic tissues. Next, we cloned the full‐length shrimp vasa cDNA and found that Lv‐Vasa encoded a protein with a DEAD‐like helicase domain followed by a helicase superfamily C‐terminal domain. In addition, Lv‐Vasa encoded N‐terminal three repeats of the C2HC‐type zinc finger domain, a motif encoded by vasa genes of several crustaceans and several other invertebrate organisms. In situ hybridization of ovarian sections showed that the Lv‐Vasa transcript is localized to the cytoplasm of the oocyte throughout oogenesis. The abundance of Lv‐Vasa mRNA in mature oocytes suggests a maternal contribution for the developing embryo. It is demonstrated that the vasa homolog from L. vannamei is a gonad specific germline cell marker that could be exploited to enhance our understanding of developmental and reproductive processes in the germline of this economically important shrimp. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional simulation of concrete fracture using embedded crack elements without enforcing crack path continuity
Authors: Sancho José M. , Planas Jaime , Fathy Adel M. , Gálvez Jaime C. , Cendón David A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNumerical implementation of quasibrittle cohesive cracking is still an open issue, 30 years after the introduction of the fictitious crack by Hillerborg. The paper first briefly presents the existing trends and underpins the basic problems of the various procedures, especially the necessity (to avoid crack locking) of tracking algorithms to enforce crack path continuity. As an alternative, the paper describes a recent method based on very simple ingredients: strong discontinuity kinematics, constant stress tetrahedral, crack equilibrium solved at element level, damage‐like cohesive crack with central forces, and limited local crack adaptability that is able, as shown by the examples, to describe the cohesive crack growth with adequate accuracy while keeping the formulation strictly local (element level only, no neighbours information required). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐implicit reversible algorithms for rigid body rotational dynamics
Authors: Nukala Phani Kumar V. V. , Jr William Shelton 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper presents two semi‐implicit algorithms based on splitting methodology for rigid body rotational dynamics. The first algorithm is a variation of partitioned Runge–Kutta (PRK) methodology that can be formulated as a splitting method. The second algorithm is akin to a multiple time stepping scheme and is based on modified Crouch–Grossman (MCG) methodology, which can also be expressed as a splitting algorithm. These algorithms are second‐order accurate and time‐reversible; however, they are not Poisson integrators, i.e. non‐symplectic. These algorithms conserve some of the first integrals of motion, but some others are not conserved; however, the fluctuations in these invariants are bounded over exponentially long time intervals. These algorithms exhibit excellent long‐term behaviour because of their reversibility property and their (approximate) Poisson structure preserving property. The numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithms exhibit superior performance compared to some of the currently well known algorithms such as the Simo–Wong algorithm, Newmark algorithm, discrete Moser–Veselov algorithm, Lewis–Simo algorithm, and the LIEMID[EA] algorithm. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.