bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Physician E-mail: An Opportunity to Transform Pediatric Health Care Delivery
Authors: Rosen Paul , Kwoh C. Kent 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE. The objectives of this study were to assess the patterns of patients who use a patient-physician e-mail service, measure physician time required to answer a patient question via e-mail compared with that via telephone, and determine the satisfaction of families who are provided e-mail access to their child's rheumatologist.
METHODS. A consecutive series of patients' families were offered e-mail access during a 2-year period. Data regarding patient e-mail use were collected, including urgency of message, subject matter, message volume, and time of day of messaging. The duration of the pediatric rheumatologist's e-mail interactions and telephone interactions with patients was measured using a stopwatch. After 1 year of enrollment in the patient-physician e-mail service, families were mailed a 12-item satisfaction survey regarding their e-mail experience.
RESULTS. A total of 306 of 328 families who were offered patient-physician e-mail access enrolled, and 121 used the service. The patients sent 40% of their e-mails outside business hours. Messages that were urgent (notification of disease flare, notification of new symptoms, or parent expectation of same-day response) made up 5.7% of the e-mails sent to the physician. Messages that required emergent attention made up 0.002% of the e-mails to the physician. Answering patient questions by e-mail was 57% faster than using the telephone for the physician. The physician received 1.2 e-mails per day from patients. The families who responded to the survey agreed that patient-physician e-mail increased access to the physician and improved the quality of care. The families did not find that patient-physician e-mail distanced them from their child's doctor.
CONCLUSIONS. Patient-physician e-mail is a service that patients will use given the opportunity. The e-mail service enables physicians to answer medical questions with less time spent compared with telephone messaging. In our experience in an academic pediatric subspecialty practice, patients reported enhanced communication and access with the e-mail service.
Nondiscrimination in Pediatric Health Care
Authors:   Committee on Pediatric Workforce
Published: October 2007

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed June 2011 and May 2021.
This policy statement is a revision of a 2001 statement and articulates the positions of the American Academy of Pediatrics on nondiscrimination in pediatric health care. It addresses both pediatricians who provide health care and the infants, children, adolescents, and young adults whom they serve.
Effect of Tank Stocking Density on Larval Sunshine Bass Growth and Survival to the Fingerling Stage
Authors: Ludwig Gerald M , Lochmann Steve E 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Determining optimum parameters for tank culture of sunshine bass (white bass Morone chrysops × striped bass M. saxatilis) fingerlings will facilitate a year-round supply of seed for the production cycle of this increasingly popular food fish. This experiment determined the relationship between the stocking density of sunshine bass larvae in tanks and their survival rate and size at the time they were trained to accept commercial feeds. Four-day posthatch (dph) larvae were stocked at 10 densities from 30 to 120 larvae/L in 10-larvae/L increments. Larvae were initially fed rotifers Brachionus plicatilis cultured with Nannochloropsis spp. algae paste and commercial rotifer feed at 60 rotifers·mL−1·d−1 until 10 dph. Conversion to brine shrimp Artemia spp. began at 7 dph. The daily ration of brine shrimp started at 4/mL and increased by 4/mL every 4 d up to 20/mL. Training to dry starter feed began at 20 dph when 6 g/d of a commercial larval starter meal was offered; 2 d later, salmon starter meal was offered at 8 g/d in 10 equal portions. Photographs of live samples of larvae taken at 4 dph and harvest were used to determine the lengths of the fish. Regression analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between survival and stocking density. The length and weight of the fish had a linear, negative relationship with stocking density, whereas total tank yield had a curvilinear relationship with stocking density. Under the conditions of this experiment, a stocking density of 87 larvae/L provided the maximum yield.
Effects of Diets with or without Menhaden Fish Meal and Oil on Egg Size, Hatchability, and Fry Size for Rosy Red Fathead Minnow
Authors: Kumaran Sathyanand , Lochmann Rebecca , Stone Nathan , Kachowski Alexander , Lee Yong-Woo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas represent 20% of total baitfish sales in the USA. Fathead minnow spawn in captivity, but the effects of diet on reproduction are virtually unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the main and interactive effects of dietary protein sources (plant versus animal) and lipid sources (poultry versus fish oil) on fathead minnow broodstock and egg and larval quality. Broodstock of the rosy red variety of fathead minnow were stocked into 24 outdoor pools and fed practical diets containing 10% lipid as poultry fat or menhaden fish oil in combination with animal proteins (poultry and fish meal) or plant proteins. Fish received the diets for 2 months before spawning, which began in late February. Eggs were collected from spawning substrates seven times during the spawning season and egg diameter was determined each time. Hatching percentage and larval length were determined during three of the sampling periods, and fatty acid composition was determined once (May sample). There were no differences in egg diameter, hatching percentage, or larval length due to diet, despite pronounced differences in the fatty acid composition of the eggs from adults fed diets with different lipids. The eggs reflected the fatty acid composition of the dietary lipids and the ability of fathead minnow to elongate and desaturate the fatty acids 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) into the highly unsaturated fatty acids 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3), and 20:4(n-6). Adult female fathead minnow fed diets with vegetable proteins also had a higher condition index than those fed diets with animal proteins. These results indicate that poultry fat and vegetable proteins are suitable feed ingredients for broodstock diets of fathead minnow in outdoor systems because no improvements in the quantity or quality of eggs and fry were observed in fish fed diets with animal proteins or marine fish oil.
Insulin Response of Largemouth Bass to Glucose, Amino Acid, and Diet Stimulation
Authors: Sink Todd D , Lochmann Rebecca T 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Investigation of the dietary requirements of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides has intensified because of the popularity of this species. To determine commercial diets containing carbohydrate concentrations that are not detrimental to the health and survival of largemouth bass, we examined the effects of carbohydrate loads on insulin response. This study was intended to characterize the insulin response of largemouth bass to diet, glucose, and amino acids. Pellet-trained largemouth bass were either orally stimulated with glucose, lysine, arginine, or methionine or fed a commercial pelleted diet or a “natural” diet of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas, then bled over time to ascertain their insulin response. Insulin response was correlated with glucose response, the insulin responses lagging slightly behind increases in blood glucose concentration. Greater increases in blood glucose were accompanied by sharper, quicker insulin responses. Glucose (4.8 ± 0.3 ng insulin/mL) and arginine (5.4 ± 0.4 ng/mL) stimulation evoked the greatest mean insulin responses at 60 min postadministration; lysine (2.1 ± 0.3 ng/mL) also produced elevated insulin responses. The pelleted diet stimulated an intermediate response, whereas the diet of golden shiners produced the lowest insulin response. This study was intended to determine how the carbohydrate content of diets and subsequent influences on insulin response affect the health of largemouth bass. Because of confounding effects and interference from arginine and lysine in the diet, insulin response is not suitable for determining appropriate carbohydrate loads in largemouth bass diets. At this time, histological data and liver glycogen concentration should be used to determine appropriate carbohydrate loads in commercial diets.
Modernization of the API Recommended Practice on Rheology and Hydraulics: Creating Easy Access to Integrated Wellbore Fluids Engineering
Authors: Bern P. A. , Morton E. K. , Zamora M. , May R. , Moran D. , Hemphill T. , Robinson L. , Cooper I. , Shah S. , Flores D. V. 
Published: October 2007

Summary
Tailoring drilling-fluid hydraulics is one important key to the success of a drilling operation. Failure to do so, can result in costly problems, negatively impact equipment longevity and performance, as well as ultimately jeopardize overall well objectives. In recent years, the industry methods have deviated from American Petroleum Institute (API) RP13D standard practice (2003, 2006). This departure has been driven primarily by the increasingly onerous demands of critical wells, coupled with readily accessible computer power.
In 2003, a task group was formed to modernize the existing API recommended practice (RP) bulletin on rheology and hydraulics. It comprised a cross-functional team of operators, suppliers, and academics that set an aggressive target to modernize the existing standard within 2 years. The focus was to develop simple, yet accurate, methods that could be implemented readily with basic spread-sheeting skills.
This paper describes improvements made to the existing procedures and provides an illustration of how these methods can be applied to complex well designs. The paper also serves to introduce the industry to a modernized API standard that offers an ideal foundation to inform new engineers of the fundamental concepts of hydraulic design and optimization.
Improvement of postprandial lipid handling and glucose tolerance in a non-diabetic population by the dual PPARα/γ agonist, tesaglitazar
Authors: Fagerberg Bjorn , Schuster Herbert , Birketvedt Grethe Støa , Tonstad Serena , Öhman Karl Peter , Gause-Nilsson Ingrid 
Published: October 2007

This study examined the effect of tesaglitazar (GALIDATM), a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α/γ agonist, on postprandial metabolism. This investigation was part of the Study in Insulin Resistance (SIR) (SH-SBT-0001), a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that reported improvements in fasting lipid and glucose values with tesaglitazar (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg once daily for 12 weeks) in hypertriglyceridaemic, abdominally obese, non-diabetic patients. A subgroup of 222 patients underwent postprandial lipid and glucose testing at baseline and treatment end. Tesaglitazar 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg reduced postprandial area under the curve (AUC) for triglycerides by 20% (p=0.003), 30% (p<0.0001) and 41% (p<0.0001), respectively. Free fatty acid (FFA) levels were reduced by 17% with tesaglitazar 0.5 mg (p=0.002) and by 29% with tesaglitazar 1 mg (p<0.0001). Tesaglitazar significantly improved glucose tolerance and increased the proportion of patients with normal glucose tolerance as measured by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). To conclude, postprandial dyslipidaemia and hyper-glycaemia, indicators of increased vascular risk, were significantly improved by tesaglitazar treatment in these non-diabetic, hypertriglyceridaemic, abdominally obese subjects.
A double-blind, randomised trial of tesaglitazar versus pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bays Harold , McElhattan Jennifer , Bryzinski Brian S 
Published: October 2007

The efficacy and safety of tesaglitazar (0.5 and 1 mg) and pioglitazone (15, 30 and 45 mg) were compared in a 24-week, randomised, double-blind study in 1, 707 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tesaglitazar 1 mg was non-inferior to pioglitazone 45 mg for change from baseline in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) at 24 weeks (difference: −0.056 [95% confidence intervals −0.161, 0.049], pNI<0.001 for non-inferiority hypothesis). Tesaglitazar 1 mg improved triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and non-HDL-C levels compared with all pioglitazone doses at 24 weeks (p<0.001). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was lower with tesaglitazar for all pioglitazone comparisons (p<0.05), except for tesaglitazar 0.5 mg versus pioglitazone 15 mg. Tesaglitazar 1 mg decreased LDL particle number, when compared with all pioglitazone doses (p<0.01). Both agents increased body weight and peripheral oedema in a dose-dependent manner, but only tesaglitazar increased serum creatinine. In summary, tesaglitazar provided similar glycaemic control to pioglitazone, was associated with significant improvement in lipid and lipoprotein variables, and increased serum creatinine in a dose-dependent manner.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of tesaglitazar when added to the therapeutic regimen of poorly controlled insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ratner Robert E , Parikh Shamik , Tou Conrad 
Published: October 2007

This randomised, double-blind, parallel-group study assessed the effects of addition of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ agonist, tesaglitazar, for 24 weeks to the therapeutic regimen of 392 poorly controlled (glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1C] 7.5-10%) insulin-treated, type 2 diabetes patients. At 24 weeks, tesaglitazar 0.5 mg resulted in a 0.66% (95% confidence intervals: −0.85, −0.47; p<0.0001) reduction from baseline in HbA1C, and reduced fasting plasma glucose (p<0.0001) and daily insulin dose (p=0.014) versus placebo. After 24 weeks, tesaglitazar caused greater improvements from baseline in triglyc-erides (p<0.0001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.001), non-HDL-C (p<0.05), apolipopro-tein (apo)A-I (p<0.05) and apoB levels (p<0.01) than placebo. Tesaglitazar was generally well tolerated but was associated with a greater increase in serum creatinine level than placebo. The clinical development of tesaglitazar is no longer continuing; its effects on the glucose and lipid abnormalities of type 2 diabetes suggest that the concept of dual PPARα/γ agonism is worthy of further investigation.
Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): insight into the failure of GIK
Authors: Parikh Shailja V , Abdullah Shuaib M , Keeley Ellen C , Cigarroa Joaquin E , Addo Tayo A , Warner John J , Khera Amit , De Lemos James A , McGuire Darren K 
Published: October 2007

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion favourably affects several biomarkers associated with risk in the setting of myocardial infarction (MI). In the context of a recent trial demonstrating no benefit of GIK, we assessed the impact of GIK on inflammation, neurohormonal activation and myonecrosis in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In a local substudy of an international randomised trial, 25 patients with STEMI were randomised to receive a 24-hour infusion of GIK vs. no GIK. C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin T (TnT) were assayed at baseline and at 24 hours. The two groups were well matched for baseline characteristics and infarct location. There were no statistically significant differences at baseline or at 24 hours in levels of hs-CRP, NT-proBNP or cTnT, with similar and significant increases in all three biomarkers by 24 hours in both groups. In conclusion, GIK had no discernible effect on biomarkers associated with inflammation, neurohormonal activation or myonecrosis, three pathways associated with adverse outcomes in STEMI.
Association of the T54 allele of the FABP2 gene with cardiovascular risk factors in obese Mexican subjects
Authors: Martínez-López Erika , Ruíz-Madrigal Bertha , Hernández-Cañaveral Iván , Panduro Arturo 
Published: October 2007

Genetic predisposition to cardiovascular risk may vary between different ethnic groups. We studied the effect of the FABP2 A54T polymorphism on biochemical and anthropometric cardiovascular risk factors in 114 obese Mexican subjects. The mean age of the patients studied was 36.8±13.3 years. Insulin resistance was present in 47%, hypercholesterolaemia in 49% and hyper-triglyceridaemia in 45%. Frequency of the FABP2 genotype was 39% AA, 54.8% AT and 6.2% TT. The AT/TT group showed an increase in body mass index (34±7.1 vs. 31±4.8 kg/m2), waist circumference (101±15.7 vs. 96.5±15.8 cm), triglycerides (145±60.8 vs. 127±79.4 mg/dL; 1.64±0.67 vs. 1.43±0.89 mmol/L), total cholesterol (176±39.4 vs. 164±38.2 mg/dL; 4.55±1.02 vs. 4.24±0.99 mmol/L), LDL (121±24.2 vs. 111±25.9 mg/dL; 3.13±0.62 vs. 2.88±0.67 mmol/L) and VLDL (28.8±12.1 vs. 25.1±16.1 mg/dL; 0.74±0.31 vs. 0.64±0.41 mmol/L) compared to the AA group (p<0.05). The AT/TT group had greatly increased cardiovascular risk, with an OR of 7.56 (95% CI, 1.82-36.24; p<0.001) compared to the AA group. Our results suggest that A54T polymorphism of the FABP2 gene is associated with cardiovascular disease risk in obese subjects.
An adaptive controller–observer scheme for temperature control of non‐chain reactions in batch reactors
Authors: Caccavale F. , Iamarino M. , Pierri F. , Tufano V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper an adaptive controller–observer temperature control scheme is developed for a class of irreversible non‐chain reactions taking place in batch reactors. The scheme is based on a nonlinear observer for the estimation of the heat released by the reaction, where the heat transfer coefficient is adaptively estimated. Tracking of the desired reactor temperature is achievedviaa two‐loop control scheme, where an independent adaptive estimate of the heat transfer coefficient is used as well. Remarkably, the observer and the controller can be designed and tuned separately. The convergence of both the nonlinear observer and of the overall controller–observer scheme is analyzed by resorting to a Lyapunov‐like argument. A comparative simulation case study is developed to test the performance of the proposed scheme and compare it with other approaches already known in the literature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review and evaluation of the approximations to the temperature integral
Authors: Órfão José J. M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of processes involving solids may be determined from experiments under non‐isothermal conditions. On analyzing data by integral methods, it is necessary to calculate the temperature integral, which does not have an analytical solution. Instead of performing the numerical integration, most of the researchers prefer to circumvent the problem by using approximate expressions, not always adequate. The widespread use of inaccurate approximations does not contribute to a coherent growth of scientific knowledge. In the present article, a critical review of the known approximations is carried out and a clear ranking is established. Moreover, the deviations of the calculated activation energies relatively to the numerical solution are discussed, and some recommendations are proposed. Namely, it is shown that a “novel” expression, previously presented in another form in the well known “Handbook of Mathematical Functions”, approximates very accurately the temperature integral and allows to obtain correct values of the activation energy. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Large and rapid temperature reduction of organic solutions with subcritical CO2
Authors: Dalvi Sameer V. , Mukhopadhyay Mamata 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe production of ultra‐fine solid particles with narrow size distribution requires creation of a very large, rapid, and uniform supersaturation in the solution of the solid substance. This is facilitated by a rapid, uniform, and large reduction of the solid solubility in the solution and can be achieved either by drastically reducing the temperature of solution or by drastically increasing the CO2 solubility for achieving the antisolvent effect. As these processes have some disadvantages, a simple technique is reported in this work for imparting the large, uniform, and rapid reduction of temperature in the solution for the required supersaturation. This entails pressure reduction over the gas‐expanded liquids utilizing subcritical CO2 at a relatively low pressure in the range of 40–70 bar and near ambient temperature of 303 K for creating a temperature drop of 30–70 K in the solution within seconds. The present article enunciates the principle of this new technique and analyses the effects of various process parameters on the reduction of temperature of the CO2‐expanded organic solutions. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Fatal falls overboard on commercial fishing vessels in Alaska
Authors: Lucas Devin L. , Lincoln Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundFalls overboard are a major contributor to commercial fishing fatalities in Alaska. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has repeatedly identified falls overboard as a critical issue in commercial fishing safety. This article describes the problem of falls overboard and discusses possible ways to reduce the risk factors.MethodsData from the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System on fatal falls overboard in Alaska between 1990 and 2005 were used. An in‐depth descriptive analysis of these fatalities was performed to identify areas for intervention.ResultsThere were 71 fatal falls overboard on commercial fishing vessels in Alaska during the 16‐year time period. Falls overboard did not decline significantly during those years. The most common circumstances associated with falling overboard were working with fishing gear, being alone on deck, losing balance or slipping, heavy weather, gear entanglement, and alcohol. The level of involvement of those circumstances varied by region and gear type.SummaryMany fatal falls overboard may be prevented by understanding the circumstances involved and targeting interventions at those specific risk factors. Interventions include creating more enclosed work spaces, managing lines, avoiding fishing alone, wearing personal flotation devices and man overboard alarms, and reducing alcohol use. Subsequent research should identify further interventions for each circumstance and evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions with the fishing industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:962–968, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.