bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA
Authors: Hicks George W. , Wright J. William , Wright J. William 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a dangerous and potentially life threatening occurrence for which the otolaryngologist is often consulted. CSF otorrhea occurs on the basis of skull fracture, tumor, infection, congenital anomalies, and operative trauma. Forty‐three patients with CSF otorrhea of varied etiology are reviewed in this paper. Eight cases are of congenital or labyrinthine origin confirming at surgery the probable connection between the subarachnoid and perilymphatic spaces. Eleven cases had spinal fluid otorrhea due to infection. All cases presented with symptoms of chronic infection: 4 cases had a history of previous surgery for chronic ear disease; 7 cases had temporal lobe abscess; 1 case had a cerebellar abscess; 8 had tegmen defects secondary to cholesteatoma; in 1 case the tegmen defect was due to previous surgery for chronic infection. Nine of 11 cases have serviceable hearing postoperatively. Fourteen cases of spinal fluid otorrhea resulted from trauma: 1 case was due to traumatic stapes footplate fracture in a congenitally malformed ear; 4 were due to transverse temporal bone fracture; and 9 were due to longitudinal temporal bone fractures. All transverse fractures resulted in nonhearing ears. Three cases were due to a combination of temporal bone fracture and infection. In 2 of these cases chronic infection preceded the fracture; in 1 case the fracture led to chronic ear disease with spinal fluid leakage. One patient required 1 surgical procedure for closure of the otorrhea, 1 patient 2 procedures, and 1 patient 3 procedures. Ten cases are due to translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma removal: 7 cases had resolution of the spinal fluid leakage after conservative nonsurgical treatment; and 3 required surgical intervention using muscle, fat and fascia obliteration of the spinal fluid pathway.
Autophony and the patulous eustachian tube
Authors: O'Connor A. Fitzgerald , Shea John J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAutophony and the patulous Eustachian tube is a real but rare clinical entity often misdiagnosed because the symptoms so mimic those of middle ear effusion. The diagnosis is made by the history of fullness or blockage and hearing ones own voice and breath sounds in the ear. The drum is usually atrophic and moves with respiration but this may not be visible. The usual past history is of weight loss. The diagnostic test is to observe a regular increase or decrease in middle ear pressure when increasing or decreasing the ambient pressure while measuring the impedance in a pressure chamber. The usual variations in pressure with opening and closing of the tube are not seen because the tube remains open all the time. Few patients need operative intervention and explanation is all that is usually required. When surgical treatment is necessary the application of 20% silver nitrate to the lumen of the tube on a wire covered by cotton has given results with few complications. Injection of Teflon® paste anterior to the mouth of the Eustachian tube has been stopped by the manufacturer of the paste because of serious complications caused by the Teflon® paste being accidently injected into the internal carotid artery.Why some patients with a patulous tube and movement of the drum with respiration have no symptoms and other patients with very bothersome symptoms have so few objective signs and no movement of the drum, that can be observed with respiration, remains a mystery that needs further study.
The effect of preoperative adriamycin and dihydroxyanthracenedione on wound healing
Authors: Mullen Brooks M. , Mattox Douglas E. , Hearne Erwin M. , Hoff Daniel D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPreoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is being used with increasing frequency in advanced head and neck cancer; however, the effects of chemotherapy on wound healing have not been fully elucidated. To evaluate the effect of preoperative chemotherapy, experimental animals were given chemotherapeutic drugs, wounded, and the subequent wound breaking strength determined.Rats received a single dose of intravenous tumoricidal drugs (adriamycin or dihydroxyanthracenedione) either one week before or simultaneously with wounding. Wound breaking strength of treated animals and control animals receiving no chemotherapy was measured one and two weeks after wounding.All wounds, regardless of treatment, were stronger at two weeks than at one week after wounding. Wound breaking strength was reduced at both times when chemotherapy was administered one week before wounding. Wound breaking strength in animals that were simultaneously wounded and received chemotherapy was similar to controls.Both adriamycin and dihydroxyanthracenedione have a deleterious effect on one parameter of wound healing — wound breaking strength — when administered one week before wounding.
Unilateral polyposis and mucoceles in children
Authors: Finn Douglas G. , Hudson William R. , Baylin George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChildren presenting with unilateral opacification of one or more of the paranasal sinuses must be considered at risk for serious disease. If an expansile lesion is noted, the most likely diagnosis is that of mucocele. Six children are presented with such findings and the diagnosis and treatment discussed. In five polyps were noted, indicating a probable allergic origin. Radiographic evaluation of the lesion is stressed with emphasis on the value of tomograms.
Experience with tympanoplasty for atelectatic ears
Authors: Paparella Michael M. , Jung Timothy T. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAtelectasis is, unfortunately, still a common sequela of otitis media with effusion (OME) — including serous otitis media (SOM) and mucoid otitis media (MOM). When atelectatic ears provide a functional deficit, i.e., a conductive loss of sufficient magnitude or a residual conductive loss after aerating the middle ear with ventilaiton tube or early or strongly suspected attic cholesteatoma, a simple corrective procedure has been used which has stood the test of time. The procedure as well as experience with 51 patients (60 ears) will be described and discussed.The procedure consists of re‐establishing the mesotympanic space, strengthening the tympanic membrane by an underplant fascial graft, cutting the tensor tympani, extirpation of any disease, re‐establishment of ossicular mobility and continuity and the insertion of a ventilation tube in the anterior drumhead remnant along with silicone rubber sheeting and a moist Gelfilm® implant. Methods and results are discussed.
A non‐invasive method of qualitative and quantitative measurement of drugs
Authors: Westerman S. Thomas , Gilbert Liane M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMethods for quick qualitative and quantitative evaluation of drug intake are needed, especially during emergency situations such as drug overdose and alcohol intoxication. The electronystagmograph was used in an attempt to develop a non‐invasive method for identification of drug intake, and to study the effects of alcohol and other drugs on the vestibular system. Results of the study reveal that alcohol, diazepam, opiates, barbiturates, cocaine, marijuana, and hallucinogenic drugs produce a characteristic printout pattern which can be evaluated qualitatively. This method is a practical, non‐invasive, objective procedure that provides rapid assessment of quality of drug intake. Its potential uses are extensive, including such possibilities as evaluation of drug intake in emergency drug overdose situations, monitoring anesthesia during surgery, evaluating drug intake in women about to deliver, (as well as the effects on the newborn), and determining whether or not persons who are being tested on a polygraph are under the influence of drugs.
Carcinoma of the oral tongue: A study of patient selection and treatment results
Authors: Marks James E. , Lee Franciska , Zivnuska Frederick R. , Freeman Richard B. , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRetrospective review of 118 primarily treated cancers of the oral tongue was done to study patient selection and to search for improved treatment strategies. Small surface lesions were treated by local excision (LE); most small lesions invading muscle of the tongue without lymph node metastases were treated by radiation alone (RA) while larger lesions and those with palpable nodes were treated by preoperative radiation and surgery (R+S). Ultimate control of the primary tumor and lymph nodes after initial treatment and surgical salvage was high for the lesions treated by LE (91%), the T1N0 lesions treated by RA (88%) and for the TxN+ lesions treated by R+S (57%). Improved treatment strategies are suggested for T2N0 lesions treated by RA because of poor tumor control (53%) and a high rate of radiation complications (25%), and for T3N0 lesions because so many of these patients died from causes other than cancer within two years. Second primary cancers were most common in those patients with a good prognosis.
The clonal assay of head and neck tumor cells: Results and clinical correlations
Authors: Johns Michael E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the application of in vitro techniques to assess the activity of antibiotics against bacteria, there has been an interest in using tissue culture techniques to predict the effects of antineoplastic agents on human cancers. Generally, the in vitro effects have not always correlated with the clinical actions.Recently a refined method for measuring the number of cells in a given tumor capable of being cloned and the effects of cytotoxic agents on the cloned tumor cell growth has been developed. There is now good clinical correlation in patients with multiple myeloma and ovarian carcinomas with the responses to chemotherapeutic agents determined in vitro.The soft agar clonal assay has been used to study the biology of head and neck tumor stem cells. At the University of Virginia, 73 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the head and neck were cloned. The basic characteristics of cloned head and neck tumor cell growth was studied in terms of 1. single cell origin, 2. cloning efficiency, 3. colony development, 4. linearity, 5. effects of enzyme disaggregation and 6. ultrastructural characteristics. The clinical characteristics of T class, N class, stage, survival, and Jakobsson's rating of tumor differentiation were correlated with cloning efficiency to determine if there are predictive survival data.Obtaining single cells from the tumors continues to be a major problem. The use of enzymes (collagenase and DNase) has aided in the production of single cells for culture. The enzymes are superior to mechanical techniques and do not compromise viability or cloning efficiency. Electron microscopy is valuable in documenting the malignant nature of the cloned tumor cells.Of the 73 squamous cell carcinomas that were cultured, 49% demonstrated clonal growth. A number of non‐squamous cell carcinomas were also successfully cloned. The cloning efficiency was variable ranging from .001% to .05%. For the SCC's the median cloning efficiency was .005%. Twenty‐nine SCC's were available for clinical correlations. Chemosensitivity testing was often not feasible because of inadequate numbers of tumor cells in the small specimens and frequent failure of clonal growth. A statistically significant correlation of high cloning efficiency with advanced nodal class, stage, and survival was observed. There was no correlation with T class or Jakobsson's rating. A cloning efficiency of ≤ .005% was associated with a high likelihood of death from disease or the development of recurrent disease. For head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, the determination of cloning efficiency in soft agar appears to be a valuable prognostic indicator.
Binocular infrared oculography
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Krol Glenn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new system of infrared oculography has been developed which provides binocular recordings and allows simultaneous measurement of horizontal and vertical eye movements. The sensitivity of the system is 1 minute of arc, and it has a horizontal range of ± 30 degrees and a vertical range of ± 20 degrees. Using this system for routine clinical evaluations, it was possible to record divergent spontaneous nystagmus and divergent thermally induced nystagmus. Rotatory nystagmus can also be recorded. The binocular infrared oculographic system (BIRO) satisfies nearly all the requirements of an ideal recording system.
DentaScan™: A new diagnostic method for evaluating mandibular and maxillary pathology
Authors: King Jeffrey M. , Caldarelli David D. , Petasnick Jerry P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough computerized tomography (CT) is valuable for evaluating head and neck pathology, it can be suboptimal when evaluating the presence or extent of mandibular and maxillary involvement by tumor, infection, or other pathology. The presence of dental restoration artifact, CT gantry positioning problems, and the inability to obtain cross‐sectional images will diminish the accuracy of standard CT images.A program, termed either DentaScan™ or multiplanar reformation (CT/MPR), eliminates these problems by processing axial CT scan information to obtain true cross‐sectional images and panoramic views of the mandible and maxilla.In this study, DentaScan imagery was used in 26 patients whose mandibles or maxillas were affected by tumor, osteomyelitis, or other pathology. CT scanning with multiplanar reformation proved useful in the precise location, assessment, monitoring, and treatment of various pathologies of the mandible and maxilla. Selected case studies illustrate the therapeutic implications and advantages of this new imaging technique.
Use of a multichannel cochlear implant in the congenitally and prelingually deaf population
Authors: Waltzman Susan B. , Cohen Noel L. , Shapiro William H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFourteen children and three adults, each congenitally and prelinguistically deaf, received the Nucleus® multichannel implant. All underwent extensive evaluations and rehabilitation. The surgery was uneventful, and no patients have been lost to follow‐up.Results have shown a significant increase in auditory and speech reception and perception skills in all children. Some children have open‐set speech recognition using the prosthesis alone. The adults have shown an increased awareness of sound along with minimal improvement in perceptual skills.This supports the concept that early implantation of congenitally and prelinguistically deaf individuals results in improved performance.
Effects of botulinum toxin therapy in patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia: Acoustic, aerodynamic, and videoendoscopic findings
Authors: Zwirner Petra , Murry Thomas , Swenson Michael , Woodson Gayle E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBotulinum toxin has been previously reported to be successful in the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia. To objectively document results, 11 patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia who received unilateral treatment of the thyroarytenoid muscle were studied. Acoustic analyses and airflow rates during sustained phonation and flexible videoendoscopy were performed prior to, 1 week and 1 month after injection. 1. Acoustic parameters demonstrated significant voice improvement, although abnormal characteristics remained. 2. Mean airflow rates were increased 1 week after injection with almost normal values 1 month later. 3. Videolaryngoscopy showed an effective reduction of intrinsic laryngeal muscle hyperfunction with less effect on extrinsic muscle activity. Interrelations between videolaryngoscopic rating scores, acoustic results and aerodynamic results are discussed.
Inferior mastoidectomy‐hypotympanic approach for surgical removal of glomus jugulare tumors: An anatomical and radiologic study emphasizing distances between critical structures
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. , Sprecher Robert C. , Megerian Cliff A. , Lanzieri Charles 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe technique of inferior mastoidectomy‐hypotympanic dissection, with preservation of the middle and inner ear structures, has been established for radical surgical removal of glomus tumors involving the skull base.In order to study the gross anatomic differences and correlate with the computed tomography (CT) scan, 20 human temporal bones were dissected and accurate measurements between vital structures were made. This study revealed a wide variation in distances between the neurovascular structures, whereas the distances between inner ear structures were not statistically different.This original study of critical distances of gross topographic anatomical structures and CT correlation is very helpful indeed in the understanding of variations found in the surgical removal of lesions involving this important and challenging area of the skull base.The inferior mastoidectomy‐hypotympanic dissection has been performed in the removal of six suitable tumors involving the jugular bulb area. This technique, combined with upper cervical dissection, is very useful for the radical removal of such neoplasms with preservation of external and middle ear structures as well as the function of the facial, eighth, and other lower cranial nerves.
Vocal evaluation of thyroplastic surgery in the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Gray Steven D. , Barkmeier Julie , Jones David , Titze Ingo , Druker David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVocal function was assessed in 15 patients who received thyroplasty type I for the rehabilitation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The function was assessed by perceptual evaluation, voice intensity and frequency range profiles, and questionnaire. Goals of the study were to evaluate the efficacy of thyroplasty in improving the voice, to compare postoperative thyroplasty voices to normal voices, and to correlate objective measurements to the results of the questionnaire regarding satisfaction with the voice. Perceptual evaluations were performed by randomizing normal and thyroplasty voices on a recording tape. The voices on the tape were then rated by independent, blinded, trained listeners. The perceptual qualities of pitch, intonation, and loudness were not statistically different than normals; however, voice qualities of strain, breathiness, hoarseness, harshness, and unsteadiness were different than normals. Mean frequency range and mean intensity range were moderately to severely reduced from normals with a wide variation being present in the results. The correlation between the higher threshold phonation pressures and decreased intensity ranges found in some patients is discussed.Questionnaire results indicated that a high degree of satisfaction with the surgery was present (92%). Extreme or general satisfaction with voice was present in 73%. The most difficult voicing was experienced at work, with 25% needing to adjust their employment to accommodate their voice abilities. These results indicate that thyroplasty type I is effective in partially rehabilitating unilateral voice fold paralysis. Voice function is still not normal, probably in part due to the underlying disease.
Osteoblastic osteitis of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Tovi Ferit , Benharroch Daniel , Gatot Albert , Hertzanu Yanku 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOsteoblastic osteitis is a rare kind of bone infection typified by a proliferative reaction of the periosteum and by exuberant bone formation. In the maxillary sinus, it occurs as a consequence of chronic or recurrent sinusitis. It usually manifests with a vague facial discomfort, followed by complications in the deep facial spaces or fossae. The diagnosis is a radiological one. Eradication of this bone infection necessitates removal of the precipitating condition as well as the long‐term administration of appropriate antibiotics. In the case of a deep facial fossae abscess, drainage is mandatory.
History of previous nasal diseases and sinonasal cancer: A case‐control study
Authors: Lareo A. Casal , Luce D. , Leclerc A. , Rodriguez J. , Brugère J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA case‐control study on cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and several risk factors including previous nasal diseases and symptoms, was performed in France from January 1986 through February 1988. The frequency of previous nasal diseases and symptoms was analyzed by histologic type of cancer. Different results were observed for squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. In men, there were statistically significant associations between squamous cell carcinomas and sinusitis, bleeding from the nose, polyps, rhinitis, and trauma to the nose; and between adenocarcinomas, bleeding from the nose, and rhinitis. In women, there was an association between squamous cell carcinomas and nasal polyps.
Cerebrospinal fistulas in children
Authors: Jones Dwight T. , Mcgill Trevor J. , Healy Gerald B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid leaks can be difficult management problems. Little information has been published about handling these cases in the pediatric population. A review of cases over the past 10 years at Boston Children's Hospital was undertaken to identify any prognostic factors and therapeutic recommendations. Twenty‐seven patients were identified. While most patients responded to conservative therapy, those with leaks that persisted longer than 8 days required some type of operative closure. Severity of injury had little correlation with the occurrence of a leak. The findings in this study indicate that most pediatric cases can be managed on a conservative basis.
Ventilation of the paranasal sinuses studied with dynamic emission computer tomography
Authors: Paulsson Bo , Bende Mats , Larsson Ingemar , Ohlin Per 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis investigation's aim was to study a noninvasive method for determining the ventilation of the nasal sinuses. For this purpose, different insufflation techniques using xenon 133 were tried, along with different scintillation camera techniques. Xenon 133 gas was used for insufflation in the nose and sinuses, and the half‐time of the washout curves was determined with the aid of digital scintillation cameras, one of which was capable of dynamic tomography. The tomographic procedure was superior because it made it possible to study the washout from the ethmoidal/sphenoidal sinuses as well. The washout was followed for up to 150 minutes. Great variations in washout were found between different sinuses and also in the same sinus over time. The single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique, which is easy to perform and gives a limited absorbed dose to the patient, seems promising for the future evaluation of sinus ventilation and ostial function.
On the space of p -summable difference sequences of order m , (1 ≦ p < ∞)
Authors: Altay Bilâl 
Published: October 2006

The difference
sequence spaces ℓ
∞
(Δ),
c
(Δ) and
c0
(Δ)
were studied by Kizmaz [8]. The difference sequence space
bvp
,
generated from the space ℓ
p
, has recently been introduced by Başar and Altay [5].
Several papers deal with the sets of sequences whose
mth
order
difference are bounded, convergent or convergent to zero. The main purpose of
the present paper is to introduce the space ℓ
p
(Δ
(m)
) consisting of all sequences
whose
mth
order differences are
p
-absolutely summable,
and is to fill up the gap in the existing literature. Moreover, we give some
topological properties and inclusion relations, a Schauder basis and determine
the α-, β-, γ- and
f-
duals of the space ℓ
p
(Δ
(m)
). The last section of the paper
has been devoted to the characterization of the matrix mappings on the sequence
space ℓ
p
(Δ
(m)
).
Pharmakologisch wirksame Benzimidazole. I. Derivate des 2‐Merkaptobenzimidazols
Authors: Knobloch W. , Winkelmann G. , Rintelen K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractZur Untersuchung am Ascitestumor der Maus (EMAC) wurden eine Reihe S‐alkylierter 2‐Merkaptobenzimidazole hergestellt, darunter eine Reihe noch nicht beschriebener Verbindungen. Ferner wurde der Ersatz der SH‐Gruppe durch Aminoverbindungen nach bekannten Verfahren untersucht (1).