bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of isoprenylated flavonoids from Kushen by electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Zhang Peng , Cheng Yiyu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEighteen isoprenylated flavonoids (8 flavanones, 3 flavanols, and 7 chalcones) isolated from Kushen or synthesized were studied by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn). Plausible fragmentation patterns were obtained by comparing their MSn spectra with each other, which were further supported by high‐resolution MS data and two model compounds. It was shown that the 2′‐OH group would make the C‐ring of flavonoids studied more labile through a six‐membered mechanism, resulting in base peaks of 1, 3A+ (positive mode) and 1, 4A− (negative mode). In addition, the 2′‐OH is also responsible for the neutral loss of water in (+)ESI/MS2 of flavanones. The neutral loss of water (or methanol) in (−)ESI/MS2 of flavanols was elucidated by a E2 elimination mechanism. Different relative abundances (RA) of 1, 3A+ and S+ in (+)ESI/MS2 spectra were used to discriminate flavanones with their open‐ring products, chalcones, since the equilibrium for flavanone$\leftrightarrow$chalcone isomerization in ESI ion source could not be obtained in positive mode. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prolonged‐efficacy of bisphosphonate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease
Authors: Arase Yasuji , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Kawamura Yusuke , Yatsuji Hiromi , Sezaki Hitomi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOsteoporosis is present often in postmenopausal women. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to assess the cumulative appearance incidence and predictive factors for bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease. The patients were 80 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease due to hepatitis virus B or C. These patients were given cyclic etidronate therapy within 3 months after diagnosis of osteoporosis (etidronate‐group). Another 400 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease were selected as controls (control group). Patients in control group were matched 1:5 with etidronate‐group for age. Patients in control group were not given any drugs after diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The mean observation period was 8.1 years. Four patients in the etidronate‐group and 46 in control group developed bone fracture. The 10th year cumulative appearance rates of bone fracture were 4.9% in etidronate‐group and 13.8% in control group. Cox regression model showed that the appearance rate of bone fracture decreased with statistical significance in the following cases: (1) patients < 65 years (P < 0.001), (2) patients with serum albumin level of ≥3.5 g/dl (P = 0.003), and (3) patients treated with etidronate (P = 0.020). The cumulative survival rate after bone fracture was 82.2% at the second year, and 57.6% at the fifth year. The present study suggests that a serum albumin level of ≥3.5 g/dl and cyclic etidronate treatment reduce the appearance of bone fracture. J. Med. Virol. 80: 1302–1307, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The unique HCV genotype distribution and the discovery of a novel subtype 6u among IDUs co‐infected with HIV‐1 in Yunnan, China
Authors: Xia Xueshan , Lu Ling , Tee Kok Keng , Zhao Wenhua , Wu Jianguo , Yu Jing , Li Xiaojie , Lin Yixiong , Mukhtar Muhammad Mahmood , Hagedorn Curt H. , Takebe Yutaka 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Yunnan province is the epicenter of HIV‐1 epidemics in China and a center for drug trafficking to the other parts of the world. In six prefectures of this province, a total of 132 IDUs were recruited to determine the sero‐prevalence of HCV and HIV‐1 and the positive rates were 93.94% and 68.18%, respectively (P < 0.001). Co‐infection with HCV and HIV‐1 was found among 89 IDUs, of whom several HCV fragments were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of the HCV 5′NCR‐C and NS5B region were determined from 82 IDUs. Phylogenetic analyses showed consistent genotyping among 80 IDUs. Among them HCV genotypes 1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6n, and a tentatively assigned novel 6u subtype were found in 1 (1.25%), 16 (20%), 19 (23.75%), 24 (30%), 4 (5%), 9 (11.25%) and 7 (8.75%) individuals, respectively. In two IDUs, genotyping results were discordant, suggesting mixed HCV infections or recombination. The proportion of patients with HCV 1b tended to decrease from the north to south and from the east to west in this province. Genotype 3 and 6 strains were more frequent in the southern prefectures. The novel subtype 6u strains were only detected in Dehong which borders Myanmar. Our findings showed a unique pattern of HCV genotype distribution, which is similar to that in the southeastern Asian countries but distinct from that among the general population in China. Routes of drug trafficking and the resulting high prevalence of HIV‐1 infection may have contributed to this pattern of HCV genotype distribution. J. Med. Virol. 80: 1142–1152, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus during adefovir monotherapy versus lamivudine plus adefovir combination therapy
Authors: Ijaz Samreen , Arnold Catherine , Dervisevic Samir , Mechurova Jana , Tatman Nick , Tedder Richard S. , Naoumov Nikolai V. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAdefovir dipivoxil has been used alone or together with lamivudine to suppress lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the dynamics of HBV populations under different selection pressures and their impact on treatment outcome are poorly understood. Pyrosequencing® was applied to quantify longitudinally the evolution of wild type and lamivudine/ adefovir‐resistant HBV. Eight patients, with lamivudine‐resistant HBV, were randomized to receive adefovir monotherapy or adefovir/lamivudine combination therapy for a median of 79 and 71 weeks, respectively. Pyrosequencing® proved highly sensitive with a lower limit of quantitation of minor HBV populations of 2% irrespective of viraemia levels. Adefovir/lamivudine treatment resulted in greater viraemia reduction than adefovir monotherapy. During combination therapy, lamivudine‐resistant HBV populations (codons 180 and 204) remained dominant (>90%) and no adefovir‐resistance developed. During adefovir monotherapy, reversion to wild‐type HBV was detected in two patients with one patient accumulating rapidly adefovir‐resistant HBV along with increased viraemia. In conclusion, the dynamics of drug‐resistant HBV strains vary under different selection pressures which have a significant impact on the success of rescue therapy, as well as for the selection of new mutations. The use of techniques such as Pyrosequencing provides an evidence‐based approach for successful management of drug‐resistant HBV. J. Med. Virol. 80: 1160–1170, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus preS deletions occurring naturally in Korean patients infected chronically with genotype C
Authors: Mun Ho‐Suk , Lee Seoung‐Ae , Jee Youngmee , Kim Hong , Park Joo‐Hee , Song Byung‐Cheol , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon Jun , Lee Hyo‐Suk , Hyun Jin‐won , Hwang Eung‐Soo , Kook Yoon‐Hoh , Kim Bum‐Joon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough Korea is one of the endemic areas for hepatitis B virus infection (HBV), the prevalence of deletions in HBV preS region occurring naturally have not been determined. In the present study, the prevalence of preS deletions was determined in terms of clinical state and HBeAg serostatus in 120 patients with different clinical features [59 HBeAg positive, 61 HBeAg negative; 38 asymptomatic carriers, 21 patients with chronic hepatitis, 21 patients with liver cirrhosis, 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)]. A total of 37 strains (30.8%) harbored deletions in the preS region. Overall, the frequencies of preS deletions tended to increase gradually according to the degree of the clinical severity of liver disease. The prevalence of preS1 deletions in HCC patients tended to be higher than in patients with liver cirrhosis (32.5% vs. 19%). The prevalence of preS2 deletions in HBeAg negative patients was significantly higher than in HBeAg positive patients (23% vs. 6.8%). The type of deletion encountered most frequently was one disrupting the preS1 start codon [14/37 strains (37.8%)], which showed a very high prevalence in HCC patients (9/40, 22.5%; HCC vs. asymptomatic carriers, P = 0.048). These results suggest that there might be the discrepancy between preS1 and preS2 mutations in the mechanism of enhancing the progression of chronic liver disease, especially the development of HCC and to maintain tolerance during the stage of immune tolerance. Specific deletion of the type disrupting preS1 start codon may play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis, at least in Korean patients with chronic HBV infection. J. Med. Virol. 80: 1189–1194, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum and tissue cytokines and chemokines increase with repetitive upper extremity tasks
Authors: Barbe Mary F. , Elliott Melanie B. , Abdelmagid Samir M. , Amin Mamta , Popoff Steven N. , Safadi Fayez F. , Barr Ann E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe investigated inflammation in rats performing a low repetition, negligible force (LRNF) or high repetition, negligible force (HRNF) task of reaching and retrieving food pellets at target rates of two or four reaches/min for 2 h/day, for 6–8 weeks. Serum was assayed for 11 cytokines and chemokines; forelimb tissues for four cytokines. Macrophages were counted in forelimb tissues of LRNF rats to add to results from our previous studies of HRNF rats. In HRNF rats, serum IL‐1α, IL‐1β, TNFα, MIP2, MIP3a, and RANTES were elevated in weeks 6 and 8. In contrast, only MIP2 and MIP3a increased in serum of LRNF rats. In 8 week HRNF reach limb tissues, IL‐1α, IL‐1β, TNFα, and IL‐10 increased in distal bones, IL‐1α and ‐β in muscles, and TNFα in tendons. Only IL‐10 increased in LRNF reach limb muscles in week 8. Serum IL‐1α and MIP2 correlated with macrophages in LRNF loose connective tissues, serum MIP3a and MIP2 correlated negatively with grip strength, while serum TNFα, MIP3a, and MIP2 correlated positively with total number of reaches. Thus, several tissue and circulating cytokines/chemokines increase in an exposure dependent manner following short‐term performance of repetitive reaching tasks and correlate with macrophage infiltration and decreasing grip strength. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1320–1326, 2008
Comparison of retention on traditional alkyl, polar endcapped, and polar embedded group stationary phases
Authors: Coym Jason W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe development of new RP stationary phases containing polar groups has provided the chromatographer with a variety of stationary phase choices with differing selectivities. Polar endcapped and polar embedded group stationary phases have found use in solving a wide variety of separation problems, especially for the efficient separation of organic bases as well as separations necessitating the use of highly aqueous mobile phases. In this report, the retention thermodynamics of small, nonpolar solutes on traditional alkyl, polar endcapped, and polar embedded group stationary phases are compared. It is found that the nonpolar (methylene) transfer enthalpy is less favorable when polar embedded group phases are used, when compared to traditional or polar endcapped phases. In contrast, the transfer enthalpy of a phenyl group is found to be more favorable when a polar endcapped phase is used. In addition, the retention characteristics of these phases are compared using a set of solutes with differing solvatochromic parameters. Hydrogen‐bond acids appear to have enhanced retention on polar embedded group phases, while hydrogen‐bond bases have enhanced retention on polar endcapped phases.
Optimisation of the GC‐MS conditions for the determination of the 15 EU foodstuff priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Bordajandi Luisa R. , Dabrio Marta , Ulberth Franz , Emons Hendrik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEuropean legislation has recently established a list of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to be monitored in foodstuff. Thus, the accurate determination of these compounds has become a highly relevant issue. The fact that some of these European Union (EU) PAHs differ from those typically analysed, requires the re‐evaluation of the instrumental conditions for the proper determination of the new target compounds. In this study, the influence of the stationary phase and dimensions of the GC capillary column on the chromatographic resolution of the 15 EU PAHs has been investigated. Apolar (DB‐5 type) and medium polar (DB‐17 type) stationary phases with different lengths and film thickness have been evaluated for the separation of the target compounds, with special emphasis on those coelutions involving isomers such as the three benzofluoranthenes included in the EU PAHs. In addition, the influence of the injection technique and the column dimensions on the recovery of the high molecular mass PAHs has been studied. A programmable temperature vaporising (PTV) injector has been used in three different operational modes and the results were compared to those obtained using on‐column injection. The experimental parameters involved in the injection step were optimised by using experimental design.
A simple HPLC‐MS method for the quantitative determination of the composition of bacterial medium chain‐length polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Grubelnik Andreas , Wiesli Luzia , Furrer Patrick , Rentsch Daniel , Hany Roland , Meyer Veronika R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) vary in the composition of their monomeric units. Besides saturated side‐chains, unsaturated ones can also be found. The latter leads to unwanted by‐products (THF ester, secondary alcohols) during acidic cleavage of the polymer backbone in the conventional analytical assays. To prevent these problems, we developed a new method for the reductive depolymerization of medium chain‐length PHAs, leading to monomeric diols that can be separated and quantified by HPLC/MS. Reduction is performed at room temperature with lithium aluminum hydride within 5–15 min. The new method is faster and simpler than the previous ones and is quantitative. The results are consistent with the ones obtained by quantitative 1H NMR.
On building better construct measures: Implications of a general hierarchical model
Authors: Mowen John C. , Voss Kevin E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFour problems occur in the scale development process: (a) defining the construct, (b) drawing items from multiple domains, (c) identifying dimensions, and (d) showing nomological validity. In order to minimize these problems, the authors propose a general hierarchical model (GHM) that provides an organizational structure for placing many of the individual difference constructs used in marketing and consumer behavior. Three principles, which were derived from the GHM, add to the current scale development paradigm: (a) Define and test the construct within a hierarchical network that includes antecedents and consequences, (b) define and test the construct's dimensionality, and (c) match the construct's items to its level in the hierarchical system. By using these steps in scale development, researchers can build more precise measures possessing higher levels of validity and reliability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the role of retail store service in light of self‐image–store image congruence
Authors: O'Cass Aron , Grace Debra 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe relationships among a consumer's service experience, the servicescape, and perceived value for the money spent on the service are important theoretical as well as practical issues. Little effort has, however, been devoted to understanding these in the context of the effects of consumer image–store image congruency. Image congruency has not only been shown to be valuable in relation to product choices, but has also been shown to contribute to our understanding of retail store choice and preferences. This study examines the effect of retailer service provision and the retail store environment (servicescape) on the customers' perception of value for money. The study also examines the role of self–store image congruence in the above relationships. The findings confirm the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model (except for servicescape effects). The findings also indicate that the effects are stronger for those individuals experiencing high self–store image congruence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone: An alternative approach when thinking about restless legs syndrome?
Authors: Koo Brian B. , Feng Pingfu , Dostal Jesse , Strohl Kingman P. 
Published: May 2008

Abstractα‐Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) possess properties suggesting that they may be involved in the pathogenesis of restless legs syndrome (RLS). We sought to determine if α‐MSH and ACTH when administered centrally in rat recapitulate features reminiscent of RLS: increased activity, sleep fragmentation, and periodic movements during sleep. Rats were instrumented with electroencephalography, electromyography, and intracerebral cannulae and recorded for the measurement of sleep, periodic movements, and behavior following intracerebroventricular administration of α‐MSH, ACTH, or saline. Studied behavior included grooming, locomotion, and rearing during wake and limb movements during sleep. Vigilance states included active wake (AW), quiet wake (QW), slow wave sleep I (SWSI), slow wave sleep II (SWSII), and paradoxical sleep (PS). All rats received normal saline acting as their own controls. Different rats received α‐MSH in doses of 0.05, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 6.0 μg or ACTH in doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg. Administered α‐MSH caused an increase in waking behavior and prolongation of sleep latency, while ACTH stimulated waking behavior and fragmented sleep, yielding more AW and less SWSII and PS. Both hormones increased periodic movements during sleep. When administered centrally in rat, α‐MSH and ACTH stimulate motor activity in wake, cause changes in sleep architecture, and increase periodic movements in sleep. These melanocortin hormones may play a role in the pathogenesis of RLS. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Treadmill walking in Parkinson's disease patients: Adaptation and generalization effect
Authors: Bello Olalla , Sanchez Jose Andres , Fernandez‐del‐Olmo Miguel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe examined the adaptation and generalization effect of one familiarization treadmill walking session on gait in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with different degrees of disease severity. Eight moderate PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage 2–2.5), eight advanced PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr 3), and eight matched control subjects participated in this study. Subjects first walked overground on a 10‐m walkway at a self‐selected speed (pretreadmill). They then performed a 20‐min treadmill training session, followed by three trials of overground walking (Post1, Post2, Post3). Cadence, step length, speed, and coefficient of variation of stride time (CV) were recorded. During the treadmill session the advanced PD patients significantly decreased their cadence (t = 3.9, P ≤ 0.01) and increased their step length (t = 4.27, P ≤ 0.01) compared with pretreadmill walking. After the treadmill, all subjects walked overground significantly faster (F = 16.51 P ≤ 0.001) and with a larger step length (F = 13.03 P ≤ 0.01) than pretreadmill walking. The present study shows a specific adaptation to walk over the treadmill for the advanced PD patients. Moreover, this confirms the potential therapeutic use of the treadmill for PD gait rehabilitation since a single familiarization session lead to an increase in the step length and thus to the improvement of the main gait impairment in PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Numerical solution of Fokker‐Planck equation using the cubic B‐spline scaling functions
Authors: Lakestani Mehrdad , Dehghan Mehdi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this article a numerical technique is presented for the solution of Fokker‐Planck equation. This method uses the cubic B‐spline scaling functions. The method consists of expanding the required approximate solution as the elements of cubic B‐spline scaling function. Using the operational matrix of derivative, the problem will be reduced to a set of algebraic equations. Some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique. The method is easy to implement and produces very accurate results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Radiation risks from imaging studies in children with cancer
Authors: Robbins Elizabeth 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIndividuals exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation are known to be at risk of developing cancer. Recent reviews about the late effects of ionizing radiation indicate that even low doses of radiation can cause cancer. Significant radiation exposure occurs with commonly used imaging studies including CT scans, PET scans, and bone scans. Children with cancer, particularly those children with solid tumors, are exposed to frequent low doses of ionizing radiation from multiple imaging studies performed at initial diagnosis, throughout treatment, and during the follow‐up period. This review provides estimates of cumulative radiation doses from imaging studies in children undergoing chemotherapy and/or surgery for various malignancies. Current risk estimates indicate that the radiation exposure from these imaging studies may be sufficient to increase the lifetime risk of cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:453–457. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A facile route to hollow superparamagnetic magnetite/polystyrene nanocomposite microspheres via inverse miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Yang Song , Liu Huarong , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this article, we report a facile route to the preparation of hollow superparamagnetic magnetite/polystyrene nanocomposite microspheres via inverse miniemulsion polymerization at room temperature and under ambient pressure. Water droplets act as a soft template for the formation of hollow structure. Meanwhile, the existence of amphipathic magnetite nanoparticles (MPs) which can assemble at the interface of W/O is favorable to the interfacial polymerization of styrene, ensuring the formation of hollow nanocomposite microspheres. The final products were thoroughly characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which showed the formation of hollow magnetite/polystyrene nanocomposite microspheres. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements revealed that both MPs and hollow nanocomposite microspheres displayed superparamagnetism. The effects of the content of H2O, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) and styrene and the dose rate on the morphology of nanocomposite microspheres were studied. Furthermore, the mechanism of the formation of the hollow magnetic microspheres was also discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3900–3910, 2008