bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early treatment with arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist and high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation in a case of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Muellenbach R. M. , Wunder C. , Nuechter D. C. , Smul T. , Trautner H. , Kredel M. , Roewer N. , Brederlau J. 
Published: April 2007

Background:  Lung protective ventilation can reduce mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, many patients with severe ARDS remain hypoxemic and more aggressive ventilation is necessary to maintain sufficient gas exchange. Pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal lung assist (av‐ECLA) has been shown to remove up to 95% of the systemic CO2 production, thereby allowing ventilator settings and modes prioritizing oxygenation and lung protection. High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is an alternative form of ventilation that may improve oxygenation while limiting the risk of further lung injury by using extremely small tidal volumes (VT).Methods:  We discuss the management of a patient suffering from severe ARDS as a result of severe bilateral lung contusions and pulmonary aspiration.Results:  Severe ARDS developed within 4 h after intensive care unit admission. Conventional mechanical ventilation (CV) with high‐airway pressures and low VT failed to improve gas exchange. Av‐ECLA was initiated to achieve a less aggressive ventilation strategy. VT was reduced to 2–3 ml/kg, but oxygenation did not improve and airway pressures remained high. HFOV (8–10 Hz) was started using a recruitment strategy and oxygenation improved within 2 h. After 5 days, the patient was switched back to CV uneventfully and av‐ECLA was removed after 8 days.Conclusion:  The combination of two innovative treatment modalities resulted in rapid stabilization and improvement of gas exchange during severe ARDS refractory to conventional lung protective ventilation. During av‐ECLA, extremely high oscillatory frequencies were used minimizing the risk of baro‐ and volutrauma.
IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES AFTER HEAT SHOCK IN ISOLATED RAT AORTA
Authors: Kim Jee In , Kim Su Jin , Jung Sang Won , Cho Joon Yong , Chung Eun Jung , Kim Moonkyu , Shin Heung‐Mook , Kim In Kyeom 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY

In a previous study, we demonstrated that heat shock augments vascular contractility through the stress response.
The current study was designed to identify differentially expressed genes after heat shock by using a novel annealing control primer (ACP) system, which was developed recently to identify authentic genes.
Rat aortic rings were mounted in organ baths, exposed to 42°C for 45 min and harvested 4 h after the end of heat shock. Total RNA were used for amplification by the reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) with ACP system. Differentially amplified PCR products were sequenced, searched against the GenBank and confirmed by RT‐PCR.
Genes for connective tissue growth factor, stress‐inducible protein 1 and heat shock protein 25 were upregulated, whereas a gene for interferon regulatory factor 1 was downregulated. Immunohistochemistry revealed upregulation of the phosphorylated form of Hsp25 in aortic rings after heat shock.
These results suggest that phosphorylated Hsp25 plays a pivotal role in the augmentation of vascular contraction after heat shock.
EFFECT OF MATURATION ON RENAL Na+/K+‐ATPase AND ITS SUSCEPTIBILITY TO NITRIC OXIDE‐DEFICIENT HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Javorková Veronika , Vlkovicova Jana , Kunes Jaroslav , Pechanova Olga , Zicha Josef , Vrbjar Norbert 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe present study deals with the effect of maturation on the kinetic properties of renal Na+/K+‐ATPase and its susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO)‐deficient hypertension induced by the NO synthase inhibitorNG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME).Immature (4‐week‐old) and adult (12‐week‐old) male Wistar rats were administeredl‐NAME (40 mg/kg per day) in their drinking water for 4 weeks.The properties of the ATP‐ and Na+‐binding sites of Na+/K+‐ATPase were investigated by activation of the enzyme with increasing concentrations of the energy substrate ATP and/or cofactor Na+. Unchanged values of Kmsuggest that energy utilization by the enzyme in the kidney of control rats remains unaffected during maturation. Conversely, the decrease in KNavalues (the concentration of Na+necessary to achieve half‐maximal reaction velocity) indicates improved affinity for Na+in the older group of control rats.Application ofl‐NAME to all young animals had no significant effect on the functional properties of Na+/K+‐ATPase.In adult animals, the Vmaxvalues remained unchanged after treatment withl‐NAME, but the affinities of the ATP‐ and Na+‐binding sites were decreased, as indicated by significant increase in Kmand KNavalues.Maturation of control rats was accompanied by an increase in the Na+affinity of renal Na+/K+‐ATPase without affecting ATP utilization. However, maturation increased the susceptibility of renal Na+/K+‐ATPase to the harmful effects ofl‐NAME.
ROLE OF REACTIVE METABOLITES OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN IN PARTIAL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: LESSONS LEARNED FROM REDUCED‐SIZE LIVER ISCHAEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY
Authors: Urakami Hidejiro , Abe Yuta , Grisham Matthew B 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHepatic resection with concomitant periods of ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) is required to perform reduced‐size liver (RSL) transplantation procedures, such as living donor or split liver transplantation. Although a great deal of progress has been made using these types of surgical procedures, a significant number of patients develop tissue injury from these procedures, ultimately resulting in graft failure.Because of this, there is a real need to understand the different mechanisms responsible for the tissue injury induced by I/R of RSL transplantation (RSL + I/R), with the ultimate goal to develop new and improved therapeutic agents that may limit the tissue damage incurred during RSL transplantation.The present paper reviews the recent studies that have been performed examining the role of reactive metabolites of oxygen and nitrogen in a mouse model of RSL + I/R. In addition, we present data demonstrating how the pathophysiological mechanisms identified in this model compare with those observed in a model of RSL transplantation in rats.
The segmental organization of the head region in Chelicerata: a critical review of recent studies and hypotheses
Authors: Bitsch Jacques , Bitsch Colette 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present paper is a critical review of data and hypotheses on the head segmental composition in chelicerates and in extinct non‐mandibulate arthropods. It successively takes into account data from morphology and embryology, from the structure of the nervous system, from palaeontology and from developmental genetics. Discussion focuses on possible homologies between the head segments and appendages in arachnomorphs and those in mandibulates. The comparative anatomical and ontogenetic data, especially those concerning the central nervous system, its connections with the stomatogastric system, and head innervation, show many similarities between the head organization of chelicerates and that of mandibulates, and lead to conclusions that contradict some of the hypotheses deduced from recent studies on developmental biology, but favour more traditional views. In particular they support the presence of a deutocerebral segment in the head region of the ground pattern of arthropods and its loss in all extant chelicerates. They also support the homology of the cheliceral ganglia with the tritocerebral ganglia of mandibulates. The possible existence of a precheliceral segment and of a presegmental acron remains open to question.
Morphological adaptation of an invasive American mink population in Mediterranean areas of Spain
Authors: Melero Yolanda , Palazón Santiago , Gosàlbez Joaquim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this work we studied the morphology of an invasive population of American mink Mustela vison in Catalonia, Mediterranean Spain. Body weight, body length, tail length, hindfoot length and ear length were measured for four age–sex classes: subadult male (n = 17), subadult female (n = 16), adult male (n = 36) and adult female (n = 10). A General Linear Mixed Model was used to test the effect of year, sex, age and age–sex interaction, on each parameter. The morphological results differed from those of other introduced populations because of their different origin and their adaptation to different environments. Differences in sex and age were found, pointing to sexual dimorphism both in adults and subadults. The degree of dimorphism was lower than that of other populations, probably because of a lack of trophic niche separation between male and female mink because in the study area only small prey animals were available.
International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on Type 2 diabetes prevention
Authors: Alberti K. G. M. M. , Zimmet P. , Shaw J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAims  Early intervention and avoidance or delay of progression to Type 2 diabetes is of enormous benefit to patients in terms of increasing life expectancy and quality of life, and potentially in economic terms for society and health‐care payers. To address the growing impact of Type 2 diabetes the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Taskforce on Prevention and Epidemiology convened a consensus workshop in 2006. The primary goal of the workshop and this document was the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in both the developed and developing world. A second aim was to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in people who are identified as being at a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes.The IDF plan for prevention of Type 2 diabetes is based on controlling modifiable risk factors and can be divided into two target groups:

People at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
The entire population.

Conclusions  In planning national measures for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes, both groups should be targeted simultaneously with lifestyle modification the primary goal through a stepwise approach. In addition, it is important that all activities are tailored to the specific local situation.Further information on the prevention of diabetes can be found on the IDF website: http://www.idf.org/prevention.
Cervical occlusion in women with cervical insufficiency: protocol for a randomised, controlled trial with cerclage, with and without cervical occlusion*
Authors: Secher NJ , McCormack CD , Weber T , Hein M , Helmig RB 
Published: April 2007

Objective  To evaluate the effect of double cerclage compared with a single cerclage.Design  Randomised, controlled multicentre trial.Setting  Ten different countries are participating with both secondary and tertiary centres. The countries participating are Denmark, Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, South Africa, Australia and India. This gives both a broad spectrum of diversity global and local. We expect a total of 242 women enrolled per year.Population

Prophylactic study:
History of cervical incompetence/insufficiency. (Delivery 15 to <36 weeks.)
Congenital short cervix (secondary to maternal administration of diethyl stilbestrol) or traumatic/surgical damage rendering the vaginal approach difficult (e.g. conisation).
Cervical suture applied in previous pregnancy, successful outcome.
Previous failed cerclage.
Therapeutic study:
Secondary cerclage: Short cervix, without the membranes being exposed to the vagina.
Tertiary cerclage: Short cervix, membranes exposed to the vagina.

Observational study: Eligible women who refuse to be randomised will participate in an observational study.

Repeat/requested cervical occlusion.

Methods  The women will be randomised between a single (vaginal or abdominal) and a double cerclage. The cervical cerclage (McDonald or Shirodkar) as well as the abdominal suture will be performed with the same material and technique normally used by the participating department. Those randomised to the double cerclage will have their external os closed with a continuous nylon 2‐0/3‐0 suture, in addition to the standard single cerclage. Local guidelines concerning antibiotics, Heparin, bed rest, tocolytics etc. are followed and recorded in the follow‐up form.Main outcome measures  Primary endpoint is take home baby rate. The secondary endpoints are gestational age at delivery, incidence of preterm birth (<34+0 days) and number of days in neonatal unit.
Does methotrexate confer a significant advantage over misoprostol alone for early medical abortion? A retrospective analysis of 8678 abortions
Authors: Aldrich T , Winikoff B 
Published: April 2007

Objective  The objective of this study was to compare efficacy for four medical abortion regimens used in one clinic setting: (1) misoprostol alone, (2) oral methotrexate + buccal misoprostol, (3) oral methotrexate + vaginal misoprostol, and (4) intramuscular methotrexate + vaginal misoprostol.Design  Retrospective analysis of data from clinical records.Setting  An anonymous women’s health centre in Latin America, providing medical abortion services since 2001 in a highly restrictive setting.Population  A total of 8678 women with gestations <56 days, who sought a medical abortion between April 2002 and December 2004.Methods  Chi‐square test was performed to compare patient characteristics by abortion outcome (success/failure). The impact of selected variables on method success was explored through logistic regression. A second regression analysis was conducted with a subsample (n= 4022), for which data on parity and previous abortion(s) were available.Main outcome measure  Abortion outcome (success/failure) at 2‐week follow up.Results  Success rates for the three methotrexate regimens ranged from 81.7 to 83.5% and did not differ significantly; misoprostol‐alone regimen had a success rate of 76.8%. Efficacy was significantly higher for the three combined methotrexate regimens compared with misoprostol alone and remained so in the multivariate model (OR = 1.35). In the final regression, lower gestational age, being nulliparous, and having no previous abortions were positively correlated with method success.Conclusions  In this real‐use setting, methotrexate appears to confer a significant advantage over misoprostol alone for early medical abortion. This finding is important for settings where mifepristone remains unavailable. Additional factors such as gestational age limits and patient preference should be considered in regimen selection.
Neuropsychological outcome of children with asymmetric ventricles or unilateral mild ventriculomegaly identified in utero
Authors: Sadan S , Malinger G , Schweiger A , Lev D , Lerman‐Sagie T 
Published: April 2007

Design  To assess the neuropsychological outcome of children with asymmetric ventricles and unilateral ventriculomegaly identified in utero.Setting  Fetal neurology clinic.Population  We assessed 21 children with asymmetric ventricles (group 1) and 20 children with unilateral ventriculomegaly (group 2) identified in utero and compared them with a group of 20 children with symmetric ventricles using a formal neuropsychological tool: the Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (BSID‐II).Main outcome measures  The group of children with unilateral ventriculomegaly scored significantly lower than the control group on the mental developmental index (MDI) and on the behaviour rating scale (BRS) but not on the psychomotor index. The group of children with asymmetric ventricles did not differ significantly from the control group on either the MDI or psychomotor developmental index but differed from the latter on the BRS. Fifteen percent of the children in the asymmetric ventriculomegaly group performed two SDs below average compared with 4% of children in the asymmetrical ventricles group and none of the control.Conclusion  Our results indicate that prenatally observed unilateral ventriculomegaly is a significant risk factor for developmental delay. The mental and motor outcome of children with asymmetric ventricles is similar to that of the control group, but these children are at a significant risk for behavioural abnormalities.
The impact of a trial of instrumental delivery in theatre on neonatal outcome
Authors: Olagundoye V , MacKenzie IZ 
Published: April 2007

Objective  To observe the effect of a trial of instrumental delivery in theatre on outcome for mother and baby.Design  A prospective observational study.Methods  Relevant maternal and neonatal data were collected for all instrumental deliveries of singleton viable pregnancies delivered over a three month period.Population  Two hundred and twenty nine consecutive deliveries conducted by ventouse or forceps because of fetal distress or dystocia.Setting  The maternity unit of a teaching hospital delivering around 6000 women annually.Main outcome measures  The decision‐to‐delivery intervals (DDI), mode of delivery and neonatal condition at birth.Results  Sixty (26%) deliveries were managed as a trial in theatre, 46 (77%) because of prolonged second stage, with malposition being a factor in 39, and 14 (23%) because of fetal distress. The mean ± SD DDI for these 60 deliveries was 59.2 ± 20.4 minutes (median 58 minutes) compared with 21.2 ± 9.0 minutes (median 20 minutes) for 169 delivered in the labour room (P < 0.0001). Of these 169 deliveries, 168 were delivered within 46 minutes and 1 delivered by caesarean section at 60 minutes. Nine women (13%) ultimately delivered by caesarean section, eight following a trial in theatre; in seven, there was malposition. Deliveries following a trial had slightly less favourable cord blood gas results.Conclusions  Trial of instrumental delivery takes two to three times longer than delivery in the labour room; fetal malposition was the major indication for the trial of instrumental delivery and reason for failed delivery. Adopting the recent guidelines of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, at least 107 (47%) should have been managed as a trial in theatre. The added delay in delivery could be damaging to an already hypoxic fetus, and the use of a trial should be individually assessed.
The effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system on sexual functioning among women with menorrhagia: a 5‐year randomised controlled trial
Authors: Halmesmäki K , Hurskainen R , Teperi J , Grenman S , Kivelä A , Kujansuu E , Tuppurainen M , Yliskoski M , Vuorma S , Paavonen J 
Published: April 2007

Objective  To compare among women with menorrhagia the effect of hysterectomy or levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) on sexual functioning .Design  A randomised controlled trial.Setting  Five university hospitals in Finland.Sample  A total of 236 women, aged 35–49 years.Methods  Of the women, 117 were treated by hysterectomy and 119 by LNG‐IUS.Main outcome measures  Sexual functioning was evaluated by modified McCoy sexual scale at baseline and at 6 months, 12 months, and 5 years after initiation of treatment (hysterectomy or application of LNG‐IUS).Results  Among women treated by hysterectomy, sexual satisfaction increased and sexual problems decreased. Among LNG‐IUS users, satisfaction with partner decreased. In addition to treatment modality (P= 0.02), estrogen therapy (P= 0.01), smoking (P= 0.001), night sweats (P= 0.03), vaginal dryness (P= 0.04), hot flushes (P= 0.01), and having someone to ask for advice (P= 0.03) and to share worries (P= 0.01) explained changes in sexual functioning.Conclusions  Among women with menorrhagia, hysterectomy improves sexual functioning, whereas LNG‐IUS does not have such a positive effect.
Comparing Oxygen Transfer Performance Between Three Membrane Oxygenators: Effect of Temperature Changes During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Jegger David , Tevaearai Hendrik T. , Mallabiabarrena Iker , Horisberger Judith , Seigneul Isabelle , Von Segesser Ludwig K. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract:  Recently, a new oxygenator (Dideco 903 [D903], Dideco, Mirandola, Italy) has been introduced to the perfusion community, and we set about testing its oxygen transfer performance and then comparing it to two other models. This evaluation was based on the comparison between oxygen transfer slope, gas phase arterial oxygen gradients, degree of blood shunting, maximum oxygen transfer, and diffusing capacity calculated for each membrane. Sixty patients were randomized into three groups of oxygenators (Dideco 703 [D703], Dideco; D903; and Quadrox, Jostra Medizintechnik AG, Hirrlingen, Germany) including 40/20 M/F of 68.6 ± 11.3 years old, with a body weight of 71.5 ± 12.1 kg, a body surface area (BSA) of 1.84 ± 0.3 m2, and a theoretical blood flow rate (index 2.4 times BSA) of 4.4 ± 0.7 L/min.The maximum oxygen transfer (VO2) values were 313 mL O2/min (D703), 579 mL O2/min (D903), and 400 mL O2/min (Quadrox), with the D903 being the most superior (P < 0.05). Oxygen (O2) gradients were 320 mm Hg (D703), 235 mm Hg (D903), and 247 mm Hg (Quadrox), meaning D903 and Quadrox are more efficient versus the D703 (P < 0.05). Shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) and diffusing capacity (DmO2) were comparable (P = ns). Diffusing capacity values indexed to BSA (DmO2/m2) were 0.15 mL O2/min/mm Hg/m2 (D703), 0.2 mL O2/min/mm Hg/m2 (D903), and 0.18 mL O2/min/mm Hg/m2 (Quadrox) with D903 outperforming D703 (P < 0.0005). During hypothermia (32.0 ± 0.3°C), there was a lower absolute and relative VO2 for all three oxygenators (P = ns). The O2 gradients, DmO2 and DmO2/m2, were significantly lower for all oxygenators (P < 0.01). Also, Qs/Qt significantly rose for all oxygenators (P < 0.01).The oxygen transfer curve is characteristic to each oxygenator type and represents a tool to quantify oxygenator performance. Using this parameter, we demonstrated significant differences among commercially available oxygenators. However, all three oxygenators are considered to meet the oxygen needs of the patients.
Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Incident Delirium in Older Hospitalized Adults
Authors: McAvay Gail J. , Van Ness Peter H. , Bogardus Sidney T. , Zhang Ying , Leslie Douglas L. , Leo‐Summers Linda S. , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether specific subsets of symptoms from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), assessed at hospital admission, were associated with the incidence of delirium.DESIGN:Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients from the Delirium Prevention Trial.SETTING:General medicine service at Yale New Haven Hospital, March 25, 1995, through March 18, 1998.PARTICIPANTS:Four hundred sixteen patients aged 70 and older who were at intermediate or high risk for delirium and were not taking antidepressants at hospital admission.MEASUREMENTS:Depressive symptoms were assessed GDS, and daily assessments of delirium were obtained using the Confusion Assessment Method.RESULTS:Of the 416 patients in the analysis sample, 36 (8.6%) developed delirium within the first 5 days of hospitalization. Patients who developed delirium reported 5.7 depressive symptoms on average, whereas patients without delirium reported an average of 4.2 symptoms. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, it was found that depressive symptoms assessing dysphoric mood and hopelessness were predictive of incident delirium, controlling for measures of physical and mental health. In contrast, symptoms of withdrawal, apathy, and vigor were not significantly associated with delirium.CONCLUSION:These findings suggest that assessing symptoms of dysphoric mood and hopelessness could help identify patients at risk for incident delirium. Future studies should evaluate whether nonpharmacological treatment for these symptoms reduces the risk of delirium.