bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of the Uniform Donor History Questionnaire across the American Red Cross Blood Services: increased deferral among repeat presenters but no measurable impact on blood safety
Authors: Zou Shimian , Eder Anne F. , Musavi Fatemeh , Notari Iv Edward P. , Fang Chyang T. , Dodd Roger Y. ,   ARCNET Study Group
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND: The Uniform Donor History Questionnaire (UDHQ) was implemented across the American Red Cross Blood Services in 2005. This study assessed the potential impact of changes inherent in UDHQ implementation on deferral and on prevalence of infectious disease markers among donated units.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Deferral and donation records were extracted and analyzed for the period of April 1, 2005, to September 30, 2005, after the implementation of the UDHQ and for the same period in the previous year. For comparison, most of the questions in the UDHQ were aligned with corresponding questions in the previous questionnaire, although such alignment could not be exact because of changes in the wording and organization of the questions.RESULTS: From 2004 (1 year previously) to 2005 (UDHQ), significant changes in deferral rate were observed for different groups of deferral questions, with the largest being +99.2 percent for “man who had sex with another man” and +92.0 percent for “receipt of blood, tissue, organ, or clotting factor concentrates or a bleeding condition or a blood disease” among repeat presenters. Changes to the educational material and the wording of questions, elimination of compound questions, and other concurrent changes could have contributed to the changed deferral rates. There was no significant change in prevalence rates of major infectious disease markers.CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the UDHQ impacted on donor deferral, including increased deferral among repeat presenters. No significant impact was observed for infectious disease marker rates. Further monitoring for longer‐term trends is recommended.
Review of dyspnoea quantification in the emergency department: Is a rating scale for breathlessness suitable for use as an admission prediction tool?
Authors: Saracino Amanda 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAcute shortness of breath is a potential marker of serious cardiopulmonary disease and requires rapid assessment. In our current health‐care system, increasing pressure on the ED to limit costs and waiting times has resulted in the development of many clinical decision aids and admission prediction tools designed to assist ED physicians in meeting these demands. However, most of these tools are disease specific, and none are currently available for application to patients presenting to the ED with shortness of breath. Although somewhat limited, current evidence supports the utilization of a simple dyspnoea rating scale, to assist in the streamlining of clinical severity assessments and urgency evaluations, and to potentially provide useful information to facilitate rapid and accurate site‐of‐care decisions in this setting.
Investigation of the rate of meningitis in association with urinary tract infection in infants 90 days of age or younger
Authors: Vuillermin Peter J , Starr Mike 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:  To test the hypothesis that urinary tract infections (UTI) in young infants are rarely associated with meningitis.Methods:  We undertook a review of the laboratory results from 322 infants, 90 days of age or younger, with an admission or discharge diagnosis of UTI or meningitis. The study was conducted in a tertiary paediatric hospital. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of coexisting urinary tract and cerebrospinal fluid sepsis.Results:  In total, 161 of the 322 (50%) infants with an admission or discharge diagnosis of UTI or meningitis were subsequently shown to have a culture‐proven UTI. Of the children with a culture‐proven UTI, 75 (47%) had cerebrospinal fluid obtained. We detected one case of probable bacterial meningitis in association with UTI.Conclusion:  UTI is rarely associated with meningitis in infants 90 days of age or younger.
Identifying severe community‐acquired pneumonia in the emergency department: A simple clinical prediction tool
Authors: Buising Kirsty L , Thursky Karin A , Black James F , MacGregor Lachlan , Street Alan C , Kennedy Marcus P , Brown Graham V 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective:  To identify independent predictors of severe pneumonia in a local population, and create a simple severity score that would be useful in the ED.Methods:  Data on the clinical features of patients presenting to hospital with community‐acquired pneumonia were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of death, requirement for ventilatory or inotropic support, and these combined. These predictors were used to modify an existing severity score, and its performance was tested in a second cohort of patients.Results:  A total of 392 patients in the derivation, and 330 in the validation cohorts. Independent predictors of ‘death and/or requirement for ventilatory or inotropic support’ were: systolic blood pressure (BP) <90 mmHg (OR 3.49 [95% CI 1.12–10.38]); acute confusion (OR 5.48 [95% CI 2.74–10.99]); oxygen saturations ≤90% (OR 3.49 [95% CI 1.77–6.89]); and respiratory rate ≥30/min (OR 2.65 [95% CI 1.35–5.21]). Age >65 years was not an independent predictor in this patient group (OR 0.52 [95% CI 0.23–1.16]). This information was used to propose that severe pneumonia could be predicted by two or more of: acute confusion; oxygen saturations ≤90%; respiratory rate ≥30/min; and either systolic BP <90 mmHg; or diastolic BP ≤60 mmHg. In a separate cohort, the performance of this score was similar to other tools.Conclusion:  This provides a practical tool that can be used to ‘flag’ impending patient demise. Its advantages are that it is simple, uses predictive variables, does not require invasive testing, and removes bias regarding patient age. Like other tools, its accuracy is not perfect, and it should only be used to augment clinical judgement.
Accuracy of ECG electrode placement by emergency department clinicians
Authors: McCann Kelly , Holdgate Anna , Mahammad Rima , Waddington Adam 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives:  Misplaced ECG electrodes can cause changes in ECG recordings, which could have an impact on clinical decisions. We aimed to determine the inter‐rater reliability of ECG electrode placement by senior clinical staff in the ED.Methods:  A prospective observational study was conducted in adult patients undergoing an ECG as part of their routine ED care. Adhesive electrodes were left in place after an ECG had been performed by the treating nurse, and subsequently each patient was assessed by two of the three investigators. Each investigator independently recorded the location of the chest electrodes relative to the recommended standard positions. Displacement of the electrodes from the standard positions was measured in the vertical and horizontal planes. The age, sex, weight, height and chest circumference was also recorded. Comparisons were made between investigators to determine variability in assessment of the standard positions.Results:  Measurement of horizontal and vertical displacement for each of the six chest leads in the 77 patients resulted in 924 paired measurements. There was substantial inter‐rater variation in the measurement of both vertical (mean 13.5 mm, range 0–105 mm) and horizontal (mean 16.5 mm, range 0–120 mm) displacement. This variation was greater in the lateral chest leads and was more marked in women than in men, especially in the vertical plane (lead V6: men 14.5 mm vs women 27.0 mm, P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Among clinical ‘experts’, there is wide variation in the identification of the correct location for electrode placement, particularly in the lateral leads and in women. This has significant implications when comparing ECG in which electrodes have been placed by different clinicians.
Trauma team radiation exposure: The potential need for dosimetry monitoring
Authors: Ittimani Mana , Goozée Gary , Manovel Alvaro , Holdgate Anna 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectives:  Australian radiation regulations require routine monitoring of health‐care workers who might receive a whole‐body effective radiation dose in excess of 1 mSv/year. In Australian hospitals, routine monitoring with a dosimeter is recommended for levels beyond 300 μSv/year. We aimed to determine the potential radiation exposure to trauma team members and whether routine personal radiation dosimetry should be recommended.Method:  An anthropomorphic mannequin with a radiation detector was placed at five locations around the resuscitation bed. Three sets of standard trauma‐series X‐rays were performed, and the exposure was measured and averaged at each location. These data were then extrapolated to estimate the potential radiation equivalence at the level of the thyroid gland for staff working in each of the locations over a 1 year period with and without personal protective equipment.Results:  The total dose ranged from 1.2 to 20.5 μSv for a single trauma patient. The highest recorded dose was at the location of the circulation doctor during pelvic X‐ray. Based on these data, it would take only 15 trauma patients per year for a team member to be potentially exposed to the level at which routine dosimetry is usually recommended, should no personal protective equipment be used. The use of a lead gown and a lead gown with a thyroid collar reduced exposure by four‐ and ninefold, respectively.Conclusions:  We have demonstrated the possibility of significant ionizing radiation exposure for unprotected trauma team members. Dosimeter use by trauma team personnel needs to be reviewed based on local protocols and patient numbers.
Follow‐up phone calls increase nutrient intake estimated by three‐day food diaries in 13‐year‐old participants of the Raine study
Authors: CANDILO Kathryn D.I. , ODDY Wendy , MILLER Margaret , SLOAN Nick , KENDALL Garth , KLERK Nicholas D.E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  Our primary objective was to determine the effect of follow‐up phone calls on estimated nutrient intakes obtained by three‐day food diaries from 13‐year‐old adolescents.Methods:  Food diaries were recorded using household measures and entered into a dietary analysis software program, before and after follow up by telephone. A sample of 340 participants aged 13 years born into the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, a population‐based longitudinal cohort followed from 16 to 20 weeks' gestation to 13 years of age (current follow up). After face‐to‐face instruction, participants completed three‐day food diaries at home and returned them by post. Follow‐up telephone calls were made to each participant to improve data collection response and to verify missing details in the food diaries. Nutrient intakes before and after telephone follow up were compared using Student's t‐tests in spss. Results were also compared with those of the Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition survey.Results:  Follow‐up phone calls significantly increased the estimated intake of total kilojoules, water, total carbohydrates, sugars and magnesium (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  These results indicate the importance of follow‐up phone calls to obtain missing details in three‐day food diaries completed by adolescents.
Deficiencies in nutritional intake in patients admitted with diabetes‐related foot complications
Authors: PITT Sarah , MAY Kerry , COLMAN Peter , WRAIGHT Paul 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  Adequate nutritional intake is an essential component for timely wound healing. The present research aimed to identify the frequency of inadequate dietary intake, including the specific nutritional elements most frequently lacking, in a group of patients admitted with diabetes‐related foot complications.Methods:  Consecutive patients admitted to a diabetic foot unit underwent a dietary assessment, which included the retrospective collection of a seven‐day food history for the period just prior to admission. The collected data were entered into FoodWorks, and comparisons were made with recommendations made by national guidelines.Results:  Thirty‐five patients underwent nutritional assessment, 74% male and 26% having impaired renal function. Protein consumption was in excess of daily recommended intake, and although the overall fat intake as a percentage of total calories consumed was in keeping with national guidelines, the intake of saturated fat was inappropriately high. Of the 12 micronutrients assessed, niacin and vitamin C were appropriately consumed by all; average intake of potassium, phosphorus and thiamine approached recommended levels, while the intake of magnesium, calcium, zinc, riboflavin, folate and vitamin A all fell short of recommended daily requirements. No dietary differences were identified between individuals with normal and abnormal renal function, but deficiencies in calcium and iron were identified only in women.Conclusion:  Dietary deficiencies of macronutrients were not identified in individuals admitted with diabetes‐related foot complications, but many patients were found to be consuming well below the daily recommended daily intake of one or more of the micronutrients deemed necessary for normal wound healing.
Body mass and fatness of Japanese college women and relationship to place of residence
Authors: SUZUKI Masatoshi , MURASHIMA Megumi , HOERR Sharon L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  The objectives of the present study are to examine prevalence of overweight, underweight, and overfat and underfat in Japanese college women and to determine if and how living arrangements during college were related.Methods:  During 1997–2004, 1757 female college students (18–23 years) in an urban city in Japan were measured for height, weight and body fatness. They completed a demographic questionnaire identifying place of residence.Results:  Nearly three times as many women were underweight as were overweight from 1997 to 2004, but 33.8% were overfat and only 1.8% underfat. The mean percentage body fat (25.6 ± 5.2%) was similar to that of other similarly aged Japanese college women, but exceeded that of Japanese teenagers and young adults in several other studies. Despite no difference in BMI by place of residence, those students who lived alone in an apartment or lived in a dormitory had significantly higher percentage of body fatness (n = 493, 26.1 ± 5.6% vs. n = 577, 25.7 ± 5.1%, respectively) compared with those living with their family (n = 524, 24.8 ± 4.7%).Conclusions:  The high prevalence of underweight in college women concurrent with increasing body fatness might be cause for concern. Women who lived alone had the highest adiposity.
Mini Nutritional Assessment in geriatric rehabilitation: Inter‐rater reliability and relationship to body composition and nutritional biochemistry
Authors: NEUMANN Sonja A. , MILLER Michelle D. , DANIELS Lynne A. , AHERN Michael , CROTTY Maria 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  To determine the inter‐rater reliability of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and relationship with body composition and nutritional biochemistry among older Australians undergoing rehabilitation.Methods:  Thirty‐eight adults aged ≥65 years were prospectively and consecutively recruited from an Australian rehabilitation ward. Two dietitians independently administered the 18‐item MNA to determine inter‐rater reliability. MNA classifications (well nourished, at risk of malnutrition, malnourished) were compared with body composition (using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) and serum albumin. These analyses were also performed for the short‐form version of the MNA (six items).Results:  In this cross‐sectional study, inter‐rater reliability of the 18‐item MNA score, estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was 0.833, while inter‐rater reliability estimated by the weighted kappa index was 0.53. The two raters reached agreement on MNA classification for 26 of 38 cases (68%). Women classified as malnourished/at risk of malnutrition using the 18‐item MNA had lower total body fat (11 kg vs 29 kg, P < 0.01) and per cent body fat (25% vs 40%, P < 0.01), compared with women classified as well nourished. Similar findings were not apparent for men, although men classified as malnourished/at risk of malnutrition had lower serum albumin (32 g/L vs 36 g/L, P = 0.04) compared with men classified as well nourished. Similar findings were evident for the short‐form version of the MNA.Conclusion:  The MNA was found to be useful for identifying older women with lower body fat in the Australian rehabilitation setting. The 18‐item MNA score has substantial inter‐rater reliability, and fair inter‐rater reliability when used according to the classifications. Inclusion of subjective and self‐reported items in surveys can be problematic for optimal reliability as can the use of such items in a subject population that is experiencing rapid progress in recovery.
Central obesity is common in renal transplant recipients and is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: ORAZIO Linda , ARMSTRONG Kirsty , BANKS Merrilyn , JOHNSON David , ISBEL Nikky , HICKMAN Ingrid 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  Obesity following renal transplantation is common and may be associated with cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the prevalence of central obesity in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.Methods:  Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and biochemical cardiovascular risk factors were prospectively measured in 199 RTR, and were compared against published data from the Australian general population.Results:  When obesity was defined by BMI, there was no difference between RTR and the Australian population irrespective of age. Significantly more female RTR had central obesity (defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) when compared with the general population, and this was apparent at a younger age. In younger women (<45 years), 76% of RTR had central obesity compared with 17% of women from the general population (P < 0.0001). This trend was also seen in older female RTR. Younger male RTR (<45 years) had a greater prevalence of central obesity than aged‐matched men in the general population (66% vs 44%, respectively, P < 0.001). This trend was not seen in older male RTR. Centrally obese RTR gained significantly more weight post transplant than those who were lean (9.5 kg vs 2.4 kg, respectively, P < 0.0001), and were more likely to have a history of childhood obesity (P = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, central obesity was independently associated with weight gain post transplant (P < 0.001), a history of hyperlipidaemia (P = 0.01) and a history of hypertension (P = 0.02).Conclusion:  Central obesity is a common problem for all RTR, particularly women and men aged below 45 years. Measures of central obesity should be used for RTR in clinical practice. BMI is not a suitable measure to determine central obesity. Central obesity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and further studies targeting multidisciplinary lifestyle interventions are recommended.
Child feeding practices and perceptions of childhood overweight and childhood obesity risk among mothers of preschool children
Authors: CROUCH Patrick , O'DEA Jennifer A. , BATTISTI Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  The present study assessed the relationship between maternal attitudes, beliefs and child feeding practices. It was hypothesised that: (i) maternal control over feeding would increase when mothers perceived their children as over‐ or underweight and were concerned about the weight status of their children; and (ii) mothers would express more concern about their daughters' weight, and report higher levels of control over feeding as a result.Methods:  Participants included 112 mothers and their children aged 2–6 years who were attending swim lessons at a Central Coast swim school. Mothers completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes, beliefs and control over child feeding. Child and maternal body mass indexes were measured. Correlational analyses, t‐tests and multiple regression analyses were performed.Results:  Mothers reported a high overall level of control in child feeding, and a low level of concern for child weight. Child overweight and obesity were marginally lower than reported in previous studies. Mothers reported more concern for their daughters' weight, but did not report increased control over feeding based on child gender. Pressure to eat was negatively associated with maternal education, suggesting a link between socioeconomic status and child feeding practices. Mothers displayed higher levels of parental control over obese than normal‐weight children, suggesting that they accurately assessed the weight status at the obese level.Conclusion:  Mothers may be able to detect obesity in their children, but not overweight. Mothers may also be unconcerned about their sons' weight, and this discrepancy should be investigated in clinical and educational settings. Nutrition education and child obesity prevention and treatment programs should take maternal attitudes, perceptions and child feeding practices into account when planning interventions.
Feedlot entry characteristics and climate: their relationship with cattle growth rate, bovine respiratory disease and mortality
Authors: Cusack PMV , McMeniman NP , Lean IJ 
Published: August 2007

Objective  To examine the relationship between the feedlot entry characteristics of breed, gender, entry weight and the presence or absence of permanent incisors, with growth rate, the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and mortalities of cattle destined for the Australian domestic market. The relationship between climate data and the occurrence of BRD was also investigated.Design  Two thousand four hundred and sixty eight cattle were individually identified at feedlot entry, and lot number, body weight, property identification code, breed, gender, and the presence or absence of permanent incisors were recorded for each animal. Daily climate data were collected for the duration of the experiment. Univariate correlations, multivariate analysis and survival analysis techniques were used to examine the relationship between these feedlot entry characteristics and the outcomes of BRD and growth rate.Results  The feedlot entry description of breed had a significant effect on average daily gain. The presence of permanent incisors at feedlot entry was associated with an increase in average daily gain of 0.1 kg/animal/d. Growth rate decreased by 0.702 kg/animal/d in cattle treated for BRD and by 0.302 kg/animal/d in cattle identified with anorexia. Treatment for BRD was ten times more likely with Hereford cattle. There was a moderate correlation between minimum daily temperature and the occurrence of BRD.Conclusions  This study indicates that breed can affect growth rate and health, specifically the occurrence of BRD, in Australian domestic feedlot cattle. The moderate correlation between minimum daily temperature and the occurrence of BRD indicates potential associations between climate and BRD incidence in Australian feedlots.