bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplicate VegfA genes and orthologues of the KDR receptor tyrosine kinase family mediate vascular development in the zebrafish
Authors: Bahary Nathan , Goishi Katsutoshi , Stuckenholz Carsten , Weber Gerhard , LeBlanc Jocelyn , Schafer Christopher A. , Berman Sarah S. , Klagsbrun Michael , Zon Leonard I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and the type III receptor tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs) are both required for the differentiation of endothelial cells (vasculogenesis) and for the sprouting of new capillaries (angiogenesis). We have isolated a duplicated zebrafish VegfA locus, termed VegfAb, and a duplicate RTK locus with homology to KDR/FLK1 (named Kdrb). Morpholino-disrupted VegfAb embryos develop a normal circulatory system until approximately 2 to 3 days after fertilization (dpf), when defects in angiogenesis permit blood to extravasate into many tissues. Unlike the VegfAa121 and VegfAa165 isoforms, the VegfAb isoforms VegfAb171 and VegfAb210 are not normally secreted when expressed in mammalian tissue culture cells. The Kdrb locus encodes a 1361–amino acid transmembrane receptor with strong homology to mammalian KDR. Combined knockdown of both RTKs leads to defects in vascular development, suggesting that they cooperate in mediating the vascular effects of VegfA in zebrafish development. Both VegfAa and VegfAb can individually bind and promote phosphorylation of both Flk1 (Kdra) and Kdrb proteins in vitro. Taken together, our data support a model in the zebrafish, in which duplicated VegfA and multiple type III RTKs mediate vascular development.
The Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 D85Y and 2B17 Deletion Polymorphisms Predict the Glucuronidation Pattern of Androgens and Fat Mass in Men
Authors: Swanson Charlotte , Mellström Dan , Lorentzon Mattias , Vandenput Liesbeth , Jakobsson Jenny , Rane Anders , Karlsson Magnus , Ljunggren Östen , Smith Ulf , Eriksson Anna-Lena , Bélanger Alain , Labrie Fernand , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Context: Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that the UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT)2B15 and UGT2B17 glucuronidate androgens and their metabolites.
Objective: Our objective was to determine in vivo whether the UGT2B15 D85Y and the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphisms predict androgen glucuronidation and body composition.
Participants: Two population-based cohorts including young adult (n = 1068; age = 18.9 yr) and elderly (n = 1001; age = 75.3 yr) men were included in the study.
Main Outcome Measures: Serum and urine levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and serum levels of the major glucuronidated androgen metabolites androstane-3α,17β-diol(androstanediol)-3-glucuronide, androstanediol-17-glucuronide, and androsterone-glucuronide were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Results: Both the UGT2B15 D85Y and the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphisms were associated with serum levels of androstanediol-17-glucuronide (P &lt; 0.001) but not with levels of androstanediol-3-glucuronide or androsterone-glucuronide in both cohorts. Glucuronidation of T and DHT was associated with the UGT2B17 deletion but not with the UGT2B15 D85Y polymorphism, suggested by strong associations between the deletion polymorphism and urine levels of these two hormones. Both polymorphisms were associated with several different measures of fat mass (P &lt; 0.01). The UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism was associated with insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.05) as indicated by the homeostasis model assessment index.
Conclusions: The UGT2B15 D85Y and the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphisms are both predictors of the glucuronidation pattern of androgens/androgen metabolites. Our findings indicate that UGT2B17 is involved in 17-glucuronidation of mainly T but also of DHT and androstanediol and that UGT2B15 is involved in the 17-glucuronidation of androstanediol. Furthermore, these two polymorphisms are predictors of fat mass in men.
Application of 188Rhenium as an Alternative Radionuclide for Treatment of Prostate Cancer after Tumor-Specific Sodium Iodide Symporter Gene Expression
Authors: Willhauck Michael J. , Sharif Samani Bibi-Rana , Gildehaus Franz-Josef , Wolf Ingo , Senekowitsch-Schmidtke Reingard , Stark Hans-Jürgen , Göke Burkhard , Morris John C. , Spitzweg Christine 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Context: We reported recently the induction of iodide accumulation in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) by prostate-specific antigen promoter-directed sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression that allowed a significant therapeutic effect of 131iodine (131I). These data demonstrated the potential of the NIS gene as a novel therapeutic gene, although in some extrathyroidal tumors, therapeutic efficacy may be limited by rapid iodide efflux due to a lack of iodide organification.
Objective: In the current study, we therefore studied the potential of 188rhenium (188Re), as an alternative radionuclide, also transported by NIS, with a shorter half-life and higher energy β-particles than 131I.
Results: NIS-transfected LNCaP cells (NP-1) concentrated 8% of the total applied activity of 188Re as compared with 16% of 125I, which was sufficient for a therapeutic effect in an in vitro clonogenic assay. γ-Camera imaging of NP-1 cell xenografts in nude mice revealed accumulation of 8–16% injected dose (ID)/g 188Re (biological half-life 12.9 h), which resulted in a 4.7-fold increased tumor absorbed dose (450 mGy/MBq) for 188Re as compared with 131I. After application of 55.5 MBq 131I or 188Re, smaller tumors showed a similar average volume reduction of 86%, whereas in larger tumors volume reduction was significantly increased from 73% after 131I treatment to 85% after application of 188Re.
Conclusion: Although in smaller prostate cancer xenografts both radionuclides seemed to be equally effective after prostate-specific antigen promoter-mediated NIS gene delivery, a superior therapeutic effect has been demonstrated for 188Re in larger tumors.
Forces in the Presence of Ceramic Versus Stainless Steel Brackets with Unconventional vs Conventional Ligatures
Authors: Baccetti Tiziano , Franchi Lorenzo , Camporesi Matteo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To compare the forces resulting from four types of bracket/ligature combinations: ceramic brackets and stainless steel brackets combined with unconventional elastomeric ligatures (UEL) and conventional elastomeric ligatures (CEL) during the leveling and aligning phases of orthodontic therapy.
Materials and Methods: The testing model consisted of five 0.022-inch preadjusted brackets (second premolar, first premolar, canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor) for each of the two bracket types. The canine bracket was welded to a sliding bar that allowed for different amounts of offset in the gingival direction. The forces generated by a 0.014-inch superelastic nickel titanium wire in the presence of either the UEL or CEL bracket/ligature systems at different amounts of upward canine misalignment (1.5 mm, 3 mm, 4.5 mm, and 6 mm) were recorded.
Results: Significant differences were found between UEL and CEL systems for all tested variables (P &lt; .01) with the exception of the canine misalignment of 1.5 mm. The average amount of recorded force in the presence of CEL was negligible with 3.0 mm or greater of canine misalignment. On the contrary, during alignment, a force available for tooth movement was recorded in the presence of both ceramic and stainless steel brackets when associated with UEL.
Conclusions: The type of ligature used influenced the actual amount of force released by the orthodontic system significantly more than the type of bracket used (stainless steel vs ceramic).
Accelerated Aging Effects on Surface Hardness and Roughness of Lingual Retainer Adhesives
Authors: Ramoglu Sabri Ilhan , Usumez Serdar , Buyukyilmaz Tamer 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that accelerated aging has no effect on the surface microhardness and roughness of two light-cured lingual retainer adhesives.
Materials and Methods: Ten samples of light-cured materials, Transbond Lingual Retainer (3M Unitek) and Light Cure Retainer (Reliance) were cured with a halogen light for 40 seconds. Vickers hardness and surface roughness were measured before and after accelerated aging of 300 hours in a weathering tester. Differences between mean values were analyzed for statistical significance using a t-test. The level of statistical significance was set at P &lt; .05.
Results: The mean Vickers hardness of Transbond Lingual Retainer was 62.8 ± 3.5 and 79.6 ± 4.9 before and after aging, respectively. The mean Vickers hardness of Light Cure Retainer was 40.3 ± 2.6 and 58.3 ± 4.3 before and after aging, respectively. Differences in both groups were statistically significant (P &lt; .001). Following aging, mean surface roughness was changed from 0.039 μm to 0.121 μm and from 0.021 μm to 0.031 μm for Transbond Lingual Retainer and Light Cure Retainer, respectively. The roughening of Transbond Lingual Retainer with aging was statistically significant (P &lt; .05), while the change in the surface roughness of Light Cure Retainer was not (P &gt; .05).
Conclusions: Accelerated aging significantly increased the surface microhardness of both light-cured retainer adhesives tested. It also significantly increased the surface roughness of the Transbond Lingual Retainer.
Effects of preadoption counseling for owners on house-training success among dogs acquired from shelters
Authors: Herron Meghan E. , Lord Linda K. , Hill Lawrence N. , Reisner Ilana R. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of preadoption counseling for owners on house-training success among dogs acquired from shelters.
Design—Prospective study.
Sample Population—113 dog owners.
Procedures—Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 54) or a control (59) group. Dog owners in the treatment group received counseling (5 minutes' duration) regarding house-training. Owners in the control group did not receive counseling, but all other adoption procedures were otherwise identical to those applied to the treatment group. All participants were contacted by telephone 1 month after adoption of a dog for assessment of house-training status and related issues by use of a standardized survey method; data were compared between groups.
Results—Most shelter dogs were considered successfully house-trained by their owners 1 month after adoption. Furthermore, dogs were considered house-trained by significantly more owners who received preadoption counseling than control group owners (98.1% vs 86.4%). Owners who received counseling used verbal punishment on their dogs during house-training less frequently and applied enzymatic cleaners to urine- or feces-soiled areas more frequently than owners in the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results have suggested that brief preadoption counseling for owners enhances successful house-training of dogs adopted from shelters. Counseling owners at the time of pet acquisition may thus have beneficial effects in the prevention of inappropriate elimination behaviors. Veterinarians and animal care staff should be encouraged to devote time to counsel new pet owners on successful house-training, as well as other healthcare and behavioral needs.
Tolerance of benzalkonium chloride, formalin, malachite green, and potassium permanganate in goldfish and zebrafish
Authors: Intorre Luigi , Meucci Valentina , Di Bello Domenica , Monni Gianfranca , Soldani Giulio , Pretti Carlo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine tolerance of goldfish and zebrafish to benzalkonium chloride, formalin, malachite green, and potassium permanganate.
Design—Tolerance study.
Animals—Adult goldfish (Carassius auratus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Procedures—Groups of fish (n = 10/group) were exposed to each disinfectant at the therapeutic dosage; at 0.25, 0.5, 3, and 5 times the concentration used for the therapeutic dosage; and at the concentration used for the therapeutic dosage but for 3 or 5 times the recommended exposure time.
Results—In both species, exposure to malachite green at the therapeutic dosage resulted in toxic effects, including death. Exposure to formalin at the therapeutic dosage resulted in toxic effects in goldfish, but not zebrafish, and exposure to potassium permanganate resulted in toxic effects in zebrafish, but not goldfish. On the basis of the ratio of therapeutic dosage to median lethal dosage, in goldfish, formalin was more toxic than benzalkonium chloride, which was more toxic than malachite green, which was more toxic than potassium permanganate. In zebrafish, potassium permanganate was more toxic than formalin and benzalkonium chloride, which were approximately equally toxic and more toxic than mala-chite green. Extending treatment time increased the toxicity of potassium permanganate in zebrafish and the toxicity of formalin and malachite green in goldfish, but did not alter the toxicity of the other disinfectants.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that there was no consistency between zebrafish and goldfish in their tolerance to disinfectants, and that therapeutic dosages reported in the literature for these disinfectants were not always safe.
Children with hyperdiploid but not triple trisomy (+4,+10,+17) acute lymphoblastic leukemia have an increased incidence of extramedullary relapse on current therapies: A single institution experience
Authors: Sharathkumar Anjali , DeCamillo Deborah , Bhambhani Kanta , Cushing Barbara , Thomas Ronald , Mohamed Anwar N. , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Taub Jeffrey W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the outcome of children with high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (hHDALL) treated at the author's institution. One hundred thirty‐five consecutive children with B‐precursor ALL were diagnosed between 1991 and 2002: 38 (28.1%) hHDALL and 97 (71.9%) non‐hHDALL. In the hHDALL group, 11/38 (28.9%) relapsed at a median interval of 2.8 years (range: 0.8–5.0 years) with 9/11 relapses occurring at the end or after the completion of therapy. Three (27.3%) relapses were isolated hematopoietic (BM), while eight (72.7%) were either isolated extramedullary (EM) relapses (n = 6; Testis: 4; CNS: 2) or combined hematopoietic and extramedullary relapses (n = 2; BM + CNS: 1; BM + Testis: 1). For the non‐hHDALL group, 29/97 (29.9%) relapsed. Unlike the hHDALL group, the non‐hHDALL group experienced hematopoietic relapses (62%; n = 18) more frequently than isolated extramedullary (27.5%; n = 8: Testis: 1; CNS: 7) or combined hematopoietic and extramedullary relapses (10.3%; CNS + BM: 3), with 24/29 (82.8%) of the relapses occurring on therapy. Relapses in hHDALL frequently involved EM sites (P = 0.053). Presence of triple trisomy of +4,+10,+17 at diagnosis had a protective effect against relapse (P < 0.05). Five‐year EFS for the hHDALL and non‐hHDALL patients was similar, 70.5 ± 7.5% and 66.4 ± 4.9%, respectively. Five‐year OS for the hHDALL patients was significantly higher than for the non‐hHDALL patients, 92 ± 4.5% vs. 74.1 ± 4.5%, P = 0.038. Biologically significant differences exist between relapse patterns of hHDALL and non‐hHDALL cases related to relapse sites and time periods when relapses occur. hDALL relapses continue to be chemo‐sensitive. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative systemic hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease is associated with risk of pulmonary hypertension and renal insufficiency
Authors: Gordeuk Victor R. , Sachdev Vandana , Taylor James G. , Gladwin Mark T. , Kato Gregory , Castro Oswaldo L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe analyzed entry data from 163 adult hemoglobin SS and Sβ0 thalassemia patients enrolled in the prospective Sickle Cell Pulmonary Hypertension Screening Study and stratified their ECHO‐determined tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) and serum creatinine concentration according to three systemic blood pressure categories. TRV was ≥≥2.5 m/sec in 27% of the patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <70 mmHg, in 37% with SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 70–89 mmHg, and in 93% with SBP 140 mmHg or DBP 90 mmHg or higher (P < 0.0005 for trend). Serum creatinine concentration was 1.0 mg/dL or higher in 7% of patients with SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 70 mmHg, in 17% with SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 70–89 mmHg and 50% with SBP 140 mmHg or DBP 90 mmHg or higher (P < 0.0005 for trend). Over 2 years of follow‐up, there were trends for more frequent progression to elevated TRV (P = 0.073) or creatinine (P = 0.037) values according to the higher systemic blood pressure categories. Our findings suggest that systemic SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 70–89 mmHg defines a category of relative systemic hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease that is associated with increased risk for pulmonary hypertension and renal dysfunction. Whether antihypertensive and/or nitric oxide donor therapy in sickle cell disease patients with relative hypertension prevents these and other complications should be determined by clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel somatic mutations of the VHL gene in an erythropoietin‐producing renal carcinoma associated with secondary polycythemia and elevated circulating endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Rad Farhad Haghighi , Ulusakarya Ayhan , Gad Sophie , Sibony Mathilde , Juin Fabrice , Richard Stéphane , Machover David , Uzan Georges 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMutation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene is a frequent genetic event in the carcinogenesis of renal‐cell carcinoma (RCC). Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have important role in neoangiogenesis, and mobilization of these cells is induced by various growth factors including erythropoietin (EPO). With this regard, we analyzed a patient with EPO‐producing clear‐cell RCC and polycythemia. DNA extraction and sequencing analysis of the VHL gene were performed from the tumor and the adjacent normal renal tissue. Isolated and cultured circulating EPCs from the blood taken with phlebotomy were characterized by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. This RCC had two novel somatic mutations of the VHL gene, p.Leu128Pro and p.Asn131Lys. Culture of blood mononuclear cells revealed a strikingly high number of endothelial cell colonies derived from EPCs (nearly 10‐fold more than in controls). Elevated number of circulating EPCs seems to be related to high EPO production from RCC with novel double somatic mutation of the VHL gene in this patient. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of adult T‐cell leukemia with unrelated cord blood transplantation
Authors: Takizawa Jun , Aoki Sadao , Kurasaki Tori , Higashimura Masutaka , Honma Keiichiro , Kitajima Toshiki , Momoi Akihito , Takahashi Hidenobu , Nakamura Naoya , Furukawa Tatsuo , Aizawa Yoshifusa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study reports the first well‐documented case of adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) successfully treated with unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT). A 49‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with acute‐type of ATL. Chemotherapy induced complete remission, but the human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) proviral load was detected in mononuclear cells of her peripheral blood. The patient received UCBT with a conditioning regimen consisting of total body irradiation, cytarabine, and cyclophosphamide. She remains in remission 30 months after UCBT and the HTLV‐1 proviral load has fallen to undetectable levels. This result suggests that UCBT should be a therapeutic option for ATL patients who do not have suitable donors and those who urgently require treatment. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fracture properties of epoxy/poly(styrene‐co‐allylalcohol) blends
Authors: Salazar A. , Prolongo S. G. , Rodríguez J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe epoxy/polystyrene system is characterized by a poor adhesion between the constituent phases, which determines its mechanical properties. The adhesion can be improved via blends based on epoxy resin and random copolymers, poly(styrene‐co‐allylalcohol) (PS‐co‐PA). In this work, the influence of PS‐co‐PA content and the good adhesion between the phases on the tensile properties and the fracture toughness achieved through instrumented Charpy tests have been investigated. The tensile strength and the deformation at break showed an increase in the PS‐co‐PA content while the Young's modulus remained the same. The tensile fracture surfaces revealed that the improvement of these magnitudes was mainly due to a crack deflection mechanism. Also, the fracture toughness of the blends was superior to that of the pure epoxy resin. The main operating toughening mechanism was crack deflection. The fractographic analysis showed that ∼ 80% of the particles were broken, and the crack tended to divert from its original path through the broken PS‐co‐PA particles. The remaining particles were detached from the epoxy resin, and the holes left suffered plastic deformation. Analytical models were used to predict successfully the toughness due to these mechanisms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Experimental renal preservation by normothermic resuscitation perfusion with autologous blood
Authors: Bagul A , Hosgood S A , Kaushik M , Kay M D , Waller H L , Nicholson M L 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Normothermic perfusion (NP) has the potential to improve metabolic support and maintain the viability of ischaemically damaged organs. This study investigated the effects of NP compared with current methods of organ preservation in a model of controlled non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) kidneys.

Methods
Porcine kidneys (n = 6 in each group) were subjected to 10 min warm ischaemia and then preserved as follows: 2 h cold storage (CS) in ice (CS2 group), 18 h CS (CS18 group), 18 h cold machine perfusion (CP group) or 16 h CS + 2 h NP (NP group). Renal haemodynamics and function were measured during 3 h reperfusion with autologous blood using an isolated organ perfusion system.

Results
Increasing CS from 2 to 18 h reduced renal blood flow (mean(s.d.) area under the curve (AUC) 444(57) versus 325(70) ml per 100 g; P = 0·004), but this was restored by NP (563(119) ml per 100 g; P = 0·035 versus CS18). Renal function was also better in CS2, CP and NP groups than in the CS18 group (mean(s.d.) serum creatinine fall 92(6), 79(9) and 64(17) versus 44(13) per cent respectively; P = 0·001). The AUC for serum creatinine was significantly lower with CS for 2 h than for 18 h (mean(s.d.) 1102(2600) versus 2156(401) µmol/l.h; P = 0·001), although values in CP and NP groups were not significantly different from those in the CS2 group (1354(300) and 1756(280) µmol/l.h respectively). Two hours of NP increased the adenosine 3′-triphosphate : adenosine 3′-diphosphate ratio to a significantly higher level than the preperfusion values in all other groups (P = 0·046).

Conclusion
NP with oxygenated blood was able to restore depleted ATP levels and reverse some of the deleterious effects of CS.