bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUMAN COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION BY SELF‐ASSOCIATED IgG RHEUMATOID FACTORS
Authors: Brown Paul B. , Nardella Francis A. , Mannik Mart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIgG rheumatoid factors (IgG–RFs) undergo concentration‐dependent self‐association into dimers and higher polymers, as previously reported. The interactions of purified IgG–RF from the plasma of 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with guinea pig and human complement were studied. Self‐associating IgG–RFs were isolated by affinity columns and gel filtration. These preparations contained no detectable IgM and were composed only of IgG subclasses known to fix complement. Complement utilization of IgG–RF was compared with that of monomeric IgG, heat‐aggregated IgG, and soluble rabbit IgG immune complexes. Although incubation of IgG–RF or monomeric IgG with 3 units of guinea pig or human complement resulted in decreased hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgM hemolysin, these substances were less than 100 times as effective as heat‐aggregated IgG or soluble immune complexes. The ability of human or guinea pig complement that had been incubated with IgG–RF to restore hemolytic activity to C4‐deficient guinea pig serum served to distinguish Clq binding from complement cascade activation. IgG–RFs and monomeric IgG did not activate guinea pig complement cascade in contrast to aggregated IgG. IgG–RFs, however, activated human complement cascade; monomeric IgG only bound human Clq. These results indicate that self‐associated IgG–RFs can activate human complement in fluid phase, but less effectively than aggregated IgG or large‐latticed immune complexes.
Immune complexes in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Seibold James R. , Medsger Thomas A. , Winkelstein Alan , Kelly Robert H. , Rodnan Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum immune complexes were measured in 92 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, and elevated levels were found as follows: Raji cell assay 72% (59% after pronase treatment of Raji cells), agarose gel electrophoresis 52%, and C1q binding 24%. Fortythree (47%) had abnormal results on two or more of these tests, but only 17 (18%) had normal results by all three assays. Computer‐assisted analysis of immune complex results and extensive clinical and laboratory data compiled on these patients revealed that the patients with abnormal Raji cell assays more often had diffuse scleroderma, tendon friction rubs, and positive serum antinuclear antibody tests than did patients with negative results on Raji cell assays. Individuals with immune complexes detected by C1q binding had evidence of pulmonary involvement and positive serum rheumatoid factor more frequently than did patients whose C1q tests were negative.
Circulating immune complexes in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: Siminovitch K. , Klein M. , Pruzanski W. , Wilkinson S. , Lee P. , Yoon Sung‐Ja , Keystone E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐one patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were studied for the presence of immune complexes by the fluid‐ and solid‐phase C1q binding, C1 activation, and the fluid‐phase conglutinin assays. Complement activation and autoantibodies were also studied. Immune complexes were detected in only 6 patients (15%); activation of complement was found in 5 others. The clinical and serologic features of patients with complexes were compared with those in whom complexes were not identified. No significant difference was found with respect to serology. Organ involvement was generally more frequent in the group with immune complexes, but the difference was statistically significant only with respect to lung involvement. The present data suggest that, although complement‐fixing immune complexes are infrequently detected in progressive systemic sclerosis, they may play a role in the pathogenesis of lung lesions associated with the disease.
Effect of purified growth factors on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. II. sulfated proteoglycan synthesis
Authors: Prins A. Pieter A. , Lipman Jack M. , Mcdevitt Cahir A. , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of 3 purified peptide growth factors—platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF)—heat‐inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), insulin, and 0.2 mM ascorbate on synthesis of sulfated proteoglycan by rabbit articular chondrocytes was studied in monolayer culture. Growth of the cells increased linearly as the concentration of heat‐inactivated FBS rose from 0 to 30%. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis (35SO4/μg DNA) was enhanced as the concentration of heat‐inactivated FBS went from 0 to 5%. At higher levels of serum, radiosulfate incorporation declined progressively. Two modes of study of the test factors were used: 1) the dose of the factor was increased while the serum concentration was fixed at a low basal level (1% heat‐inactivated FBS); 2) the dose of the test factor was kept constant but the level of heat‐inactivated FBS varied from 0 to 10%. There was an inverse relationship between GAG and DNA synthesis when proliferation of cells was increased by EGF and platelet lysate. PDGF (1 U/ml) stimulated radiosulfate incorporation as well as DNA formation in the serum‐free medium; the values for GAG synthesis did not increase as the serum concentration increased, but the cell mass did. The action of FGF was intermediate between that of EGF and PDGF: with 50 ng FGF/ml, increasing concentrations of serum caused a large progressive reduction of radiosulfate incorporation as growth was stimulated. In basal medium, however, FGF caused mild enhancement of GAG synthesis. Insulin increased aggregatable proteoglycan production far out of proportion to its growth‐promoting activity in the presence of 1% heat‐inactivated FBS. The response was effaced when higher concentrations of serum were employed. Ascorbate had a unique anabolic effect, increasing both cell growth and proteoglycan synthesis that is not suppressed by higher concentrations of serum. The content of serum and its several peptide and hormonal components thus have divergent effects on growth and proteoglycan synthesis in cell culture. This phenomenon must be taken into account in studying biochemical processes and pharmacologic reactions of articular chondrocytes in vitro.
Evidence for the local production and utilization of immune reactants in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cecere F. , Lessard J. , Mcduffy S. , Pope R. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulins, including rheumatoid factors, are produced by the rheumatoid synovial membrane. A significant contribution of the synovial membrane to the total IgG and IgM detected in the synovial fluid has been documented. The present study was designed to examine the contribution of the synovial membrane to the rheumatoid factors detected in the synovial fluid. Analysis of the data demonstrated that the synovial membrane was the source of a significant component of the total synovial fluid IgA rheumatoid factor and IgM rheumatoid factor. While some fluids possessed extremely elevated concentrations of the IgG rheumatoid factor, the data suggested that IgG rheumatoid factor was preferentially reduced, relative to total IgG, by the rheumatoid inflammatory process. These observations suggest a potentially important role for IgG rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid synovitis.
Nonreducible rotational head tilt and lateral mass collapse. a prospective study of frequency, radiographic findings, and clinical features in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Halla James T. , Fallahi Sohrab , Hardin Joe G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOf 126 hospitalized, but otherwise unselected, patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 12 (10%) had a persisting nonreducible rotational head tilt deformity (NRRHT). These 12 were grouped with an additional 12 similar subjects, previously found to have the same condition, and all 24 were compared with the remaining 114 who did not have head tilt. Patients with NRRHT differed significantly from the others in that the former were more likely to have a destructive peripheral arthritis, headache, limited neck motion, and various cervical subluxations. All 24 subjects with NRRHT had predominately unilateral collapse of the lateral masses of the atlas and/or axis, compared with only 2 of the 114 with normal head position. The head always tilted to the side of the lateral mass collapse, which appeared to be the sole or major cause of the abnormal head position.
Functional aberration of t cell subsets in patients with behclet's disease
Authors: Sakane Tsuyoshi , Kotani Hiroyuki , Takada Shinsuke , Tsunematsu Tokugoro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbnormalities of concanavalin A–induced suppressor activity and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (which is part of the regulatory role of T cells on lymphocyte functions) were observed in patients with preactive Behçet's disease. However, both the functions returned to normal when the patients entered an active or inactive phase of disease. Thus, a diminution of suppressor function appears to be necessary for the initiation or potentiation of autoimmune and/or inflammatory abnormalities in Behçet's disease. Results of studies of T cell subsets and their functional analysis in patients with preactive Behçet's disease provide further evidence in support of this hypothesis.
Serum eosinophilotactic activity in eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Wasserman Stephen I. , Seibold James R. , Medsger Thomas A. , Rodnan Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum eosinophil chemotactic activity was determined by the Boyden chamber technique in 20 patients with eosinophilic fasciitis. Increased eosinophil chemotactic activity (>125% of background) was found in all 20 patients (mean 297% ± 129), whereas sera of 20 controls with systemic sclerosis and diffuse scleroderma had increased eosinophil chemotactic activity in only 6 (30%) instances (mean 96% ± 47, P<0.001). Although serum eosinophil chemotactic activity decreased over time in all 8 eosinophilic fasciitis patients studied longitudinally, this activity returned to normal in only 3, all of whom received prolonged courses of corticosteroids. Preliminary data suggest the existence of a eosinophilotactic serum factor common to patients with eosinophilic fasciitis.
Increased endothelial cell adherence, aggregation, and superoxide generation by neutrophils incubated in systemic lupus erythematosus and felty's syndrome sera
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshimi , Ziff Morris , Hurd Eric R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Felty's syndrome to induce increased adhesiveness of normal human neutrophils (PMN) was investigated. PMN from normal healthy donors were incubated in sera from 19 patients with active SLE, 12 with inactive SLE, 20 with Felty's, 24 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 34 normal persons. After incubation, the degree of adherence of the PMN to human endothelial cells in culture, their aggregation, and superoxide (O2‐) generation were determined. Sera from patients with both active SLE and Felty's syndrome induced significantly increased PMN adherence to endothelial cells and PMN aggregation in vitro, compared with normal sera. This increased adherence to endothelial cells was maintained after heat treatment (56°C for 30 minutes) of the sera. In O2‐ generation experiments, sera from patients with active SLE induced significantly increased O2‐ release from normal PMN using both fresh and heat‐treated sera. Sera from Felty's patients demonstrated the same effect with heattreated sera but not with fresh sera. When sera from patients with active SLE and Felty's syndrome were used, all three parameters correlated significantly with each other in individual patients. In contrast, sera from the 12 patients with inactive SLE and 24 rheumatoid arthritis patients without Felty's failed to induce significant differences in the three parameters studied when compared with 34 normal controls. Fractionation of 3 SLE sera and 1 Felty's serum on Sephadex G‐200 demonstrated that the adherence enhancing factor was present in both IgG and IgG‐excluded fractions. The observed increased adhesiveness of PMN induced by SLE and Felty's sera may, at least in part, contribute to the neutropenia which is common in these diseases. Increased O2‐ release associated with PMN adherence may contribute to endothelial cell damage and vascular injury, which is also a common manifestation of these diseases.
Articular cartilage in the degenerative arthropathy of hemochromatosis
Authors: Schumacher H. Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIron was readily demonstrated in chondrocytes in 3 of 4 hemochromatosis articular cartilages studied. Either apatite, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals, or both were found in all cartilages including those of 3 patients who had no radiographic or light microscopic evidence of calcification. These crystals, which may be secondary to degenerative changes or may play a role in cartilage degeneration, were not seen in any consistent morphologic relationship with the iron deposits. In fact, apatite was found in one cartilage in which no iron was identified in the sections studied. If iron, as demonstrated in the chondrocytes, is contributing to the calcium crystal deposition, it would most likely do so indirectly, for example by altering chondrocyte enzymes or connective tissue components.
Anticentromere antibody
Authors: Mccarty Gale Anne , Rice John R. , Bembe Mary L. , Barada Franc A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe presence of antibody to the chromosomal centromere appears to be associated with a subset of patients with the limited CREST form of scleroderma. To further define the prognostic value of this autoantibody, 27 patients, who were identified as having anticentromere antibody by screening antinuclear antibody tests using HEp‐2 cell substrates, were followed clinically and serologically for 2 years. The presence of anticentromere antibody is common in the limited CREST forms of systemic sclerosis, and it is often the only autoantibody specificity present in the sera of patients with the CREST variant. When compared with other patients who exhibit speckled or nucleolar antinuclear antibody patterns, those with anticentromere antibody had significantly less major organ system involvement.
Rheumatoid synovial cell morphologic changes induced by a mononuclear cell factor in culture
Authors: Baker Daniel G. , Dayer Jean‐Michel , Roelke Merrilee , Schumacher H. Ralph , Krane Stephen M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdherent rheumatoid synovial cells in culture produce large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and collagenase. When exposed to a monocyte‐derived factor, such cells exhibit marked increases in PGE2 and collagenase production. In addition, cellular morphology becomes more stellate. In the presence of this factor, indomethacin inhibits both PGE2 production and the stellate changes, whereas collagenase production usually continues at a high rate. Addition of PGE2 to cultures reproduces the stellate change as does the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog 8‐bromo‐cAMP. Colchicine inhibits morphologic transformation induced by the monocyte‐derived factor, whereas cytochalasin B has no effect. It appears that the stellate morphology is dependent upon PGE2‐induced cAMP stimulation and is not related to collagenase production per se.
Differential release of plasminogen activator and latent collagenase from mononuclear cell‐stimulated synovial cells
Authors: Golds Elaine E. , Ciosek Carl P. , Hamilton John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndependent studies have previously shown that mononuclear cell supernatants stimulate the release of plasminogen activator and latent collagenase from synovial cell monolayer cultures. Simultaneous secretion of these enzymes could be an important pathway for tissue destruction under inflammatory conditions, since plasminogen activator can cause activation of latent collagenase in the presence of plasminogen. We investigated the kinetics of release of the two enzymes from synovial cells in response to the addition of mononuclear cell supernatants and retinoic acid. Synovial cells derived from osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritic patients responded similarly. Plasminogen activator is released within a few hours of stimulation, and secretion usually stops when the stimulus is removed. In contrast, significant amounts of collagenase are secreted only after an initial lag period of 1–2 days, and secretion is sustained long after removal of mononuclear cell supernatant. Another difference in regulation of the secretion of these two neutral proteinases is that the addition of all‐trans retinoic acid to the same synovial cell culture elevates plasminogen activator secretion while suppressing that of latent collagenase. Differential regulation of these enzymes under conditions of chronic inflammation may allow for continual accumulation of latent enzyme(s) which are activated during short periods of plasminogen activator release.
Anemia associated with rheumatoid disease
Authors: Harvey Andrew R. , Clarke Bryan J. , Chui David H. K. , Kean Walter F. , Watson Buchanan W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell culture techniques were used to evaluate the number of erythroid colonies formed by circulating progenitor cells from 24 patients with rheumatoid disease and controls. A highly significant inverse correlation was demonstrated between erythroid colony counts and serum IgM and rheumatoid factor concentrations in the rheumatoid patients. The potential role of these factors in the pathogenesis of the anemia of rheumatoid disease is discussed.
HLA antigens in juvenile arthritis
Authors: Førre Øystein , Dobloug Jan H. , Høyeraal HANS M. , Thorsby Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerologic HLA typing was performed in 77 patients with juvenile arthritis (JA). The frequency of the DR4 antigen was significantly increased in the seropositive but decreased in the seronegative patients—53% and 17%, respectively (P < 0.025)—compared with 27% in healthy Norwegians. An increased frequency of the HLA‐DR4 antigens was also found in polyarticular onset JA (50% compared with 27%, P < 0.05). The frequency of both the HLA‐B27 (21%) and the DR5 antigen (21%) was increased in the whole patient group compared with controls (10% and 9%, respectively, P < 0.01). The DR5 antigen was also increased in the systemic onset patients (40%, P < 0.05). Both the DR5 and the DR8 antigens were increased in the pauciarticular onset group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The results support the view that seropositive and seronegative JA are different disease entities and also that seropositive JA may be an early form of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The association between the DR4 antigen and IgM rheumatoid factor suggests that the HLA‐DR4 gene or a closely linked gene may regulate autoimmune responses to self IgG.
Familial systemic lupus erythematosus in males
Authors: Lahita Robert G. , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Gibofsky Allan , Winchester Robert J. , Kunkel Henry G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral families in which systemic lupus erythematosus predominates in males are presented. The disease primarily manifested itself in the sons and in the male parents. Females in some of the families had other autoimmune diseases such as idiopathic thrombocy‐topenic purpura or symptoms suggestive of a lupus diathesis. It is suggested that the sons inherited the disease from their fathers in these families. The disease in the patients had some similarity to the disease in BXSB mice.
Collagenase and collagenolytic activity in human osteoarthritic cartilage
Authors: Pelletier Jean‐Pierre , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Howell David S. , Ghandur‐Mnaymneh Latifa , Enis Jerry E. , Frederick Woessner J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐nine specimens of human cartilage were taken from 3 sites on the tibial plateau (center of osteoarthritic lesion, edge of lesion, and remote site) and graded histologically by the scale of Mankin. The tissue was homogenized and centrifuged to obtain an insoluble pellet. This was resuspended in buffer and incubated at 37°C, pH 7.5. Collagen digestion was quantitated by the release of hydroxyproline‐containing peptides. The highest collagenolytic activity (4.6%) was found in the center of lesions, declining in remote sites to 2.4% and in controls to 1.1%. Moderately severe disease of grade 6–9 had the highest collagenolytic activity. Approximately 55% of the metal‐dependent collagenolytic activity was in a latent form, activatable by amino‐phenylmercuric acetate; the remainder was self‐active. A method was developed for the extraction of collagenase from cartilage; the extracted enzyme produced the typical 75:25 cleavage products of type I collagen.
Tuberculosis of the greater trochanteric bursa
Authors: Rehm‐Graves Susan , Weinstein Allan J. , Calabrese Leonard H. , Cook Sebastian A. , Boumphrey Francis R. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with tuberculosis of the greater trochanteric bursa is described, and the clinical and radiographic characteristics of the infection are reviewed. Despite the infrequency of skeletal tuberculosis, this infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic hip pain.
Effects of dietary enrichment with eicosapentaenoic acid upon autoimmune nephritis in female NZBXNZW/F1 MICE
Authors: Prickett James D. , Robinson Dwight R. , Steinberg Alfred D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA menhaden oil diet, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, protected female NZBxNZW/F1 mice from autoimmune nephritis. Only 15% of mice treated with the diet from weaning had died with severe renal disease at 19 months, versus 98% of controls on a beef tallow diet. The menhaden oil also protected these mice from renal disease when instituted at 4 and 5 months of age and, under these conditions, levels of anti‐native DNA antibodies were similar in both dietary groups. Our data suggest that the menhaden oil diet may act primarily to reduce inflammation via the ability of eicosapentaenoic acid to alter the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
Capacity to solubilize immune complexes in sera and synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dayer E. , Gerster J. C. , Aguado M. T. , Lambert P. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐six sera and 33 synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients were studied to evaluate their capacity to solubilize immune complexes. A decreased function was found in 65% of rheumatoid synovial fluids when compared with 13 osteoarthritis synovial fluids. The decrease of immune complex solubilization capacity correlated with the decrease of hemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway (P < 0.001) and inversely with the level of immune complexes (P < 0.05). Synovial fluids with low and normal immune complex solubilization capacity were compared; the results confirmed a possible role of the synovial complement system in modulating the size and thus the diffusion and clearance of locally generated immune complexes.
Elevation of creatine kinase in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Harrington Thomas M. , Cohen Marc D. , Bartleson John D. , Ginsburg William W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum creatine kinase (CK) levels were recorded in 100 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). CK concentrations were elevated in 43% of the patients, with a mean level of 240 U/liter and a range of 59–1,327 U/liter (male normal <95 U/liter, female normal <59 U/liter). All patients with elevated CK had muscle weakness. Seven patients were initially misdiagnosed as having polymyositis and given high dose corticosteroids without clinical benefit, prior to the diagnosis of ALS. Such diagnostic confusion can be avoided by an awareness that CK levels cannot be used to reliably differentiate between ALS and primary muscle disease such as polymyositis.