bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glutamate transporter EAAT2 expression is up‐regulated in reactive astrocytes in human periventricular leukomalacia
Authors: Desilva Tara M. , Billiards Saraid S. , Borenstein Natalia S. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Volpe Joseph J. , Kinney Hannah C. , Rosenberg Paul A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe major neuropathological correlate of cerebral palsy in premature infants is periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a disorder of the immature cerebral white matter. Cerebral ischemia leading to excitotoxicity is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder, implying a critical role for glutamate transporters, the major determinants of extracellular glutamate concentration. Previously, we found that EAAT2 expression is limited primarily to premyelinating oligodendrocytes early in development and is rarely observed in astrocytes until >40 weeks. In this study, we analyzed the expression of EAAT2 in cerebral white matter from PVL and control cases. Western blot analysis suggested an up‐regulation of EAAT2 in PVL compared with control cases. Single‐ and double‐label immunocytochemistry showed a significantly higher percentage of EAAT2‐immunopositive astrocytes in PVL (51.8% ± 5.6%) compared with control white matter (21.4% ± 5.6%;P= 0.004). Macrophages in the necrotic foci in PVL also expressed EAAT2. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in both PVL and control cases expressed EAAT2, without qualitative difference in expression. The previously unrecognized up‐regulation of EAAT2 in reactive astrocytes and its presence in macrophages in PVL reported here may reflect a response to either hypoxic‐ischemic injury or inflammation. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:238–248, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic organization of thalamocortical axon collaterals in the perigeniculate nucleus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Bickford Martha E. , Wei Haiyang , Eisenback Michael A. , Chomsung Ranida D. , Slusarczyk Arkadiusz S. , Dankowsi Aygul B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe examined the synaptic targets of large non‐γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic profiles that contain round vesicles and dark mitochondria (RLD profiles) in the perigeniculate nucleus (PGN) and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). RLD profiles can provisionally be identified as the collaterals of thalamocortical axons, because their ultrastrucure is distinct from all other previously described dLGN inputs. We also found that RLD profiles are larger than cholinergic terminals and contain the type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter. RLD profiles are distributed throughout the PGN and are concentrated within the interlaminar zones (IZs) of the dLGN, regions distinguished by dense binding of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA). To determine the synaptic targets of thalamocortical axon collaterals, we examined RLD profiles in the PGN and dLGN in tissue stained for GABA. For the PGN, we found that all RLD profiles make synaptic contacts with GABAergic PGN somata, dendrites, and spines. In the dLGN, RLD profiles primarily synapse with GABAergic dendrites that contain vesicles (F2 profiles) and non‐GABAergic dendrites in glomerular arrangements that include triads. Occasional synapses on GABAergic somata and proximal dendrites were also observed in the dLGN. These results suggest that correlated dLGN activity may be enhanced via direct synaptic contacts between thalamocortical cells, whereas noncorrelated activity (such as that occurring during binocular rivalry) could be suppressed via thalamocortical collateral input to PGN cells and dLGN interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:264–285, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What's love got to do with it? Family cohesion and healthy eating behaviors in adolescent girls
Authors: Franko Debra L. , Thompson Douglas , Bauserman Robert , Affenito Sandra G. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between family cohesion and behaviors linked to health or overweight in adolescents.Method:Cross‐sectional analyses of family cohesion and eating behaviors of 2,379 girls (followed from ages 9–19) who participated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS). Height and weight measurements were obtained on an annual basis. Family cohesion was measured by the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) III. Food diaries were used to assess frequency of breakfast consumption and intake of milk, soda, fruits, and vegetables.Results:Family cohesion was significantly associated with less soda intake and higher rates of breakfast consumption. Ingestion of milk, fruits, and vegetables was predicted by family cohesion at the trend level.Conclusion:Understanding the role of familial factors in adolescent eating behaviors is an important research priority. Strengthening family cohesion may be a valuable goal toward promoting the health of adolescents, increasing breakfast eating and decreasing soda consumption. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Reactions of Hydride Complexes of Ruthenium and Osmium with Propargylic Alcohols: Preparation of Chelate Vinyl ­Derivatives
Authors: Albertin Gabriele , Antoniutti Stefano , Bacchi Alessia , Pelizzi Giancarlo , Zanardo Gianluigi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVinyl complexes [Ru{η2‐C(=CH2)CPh(R)OH(Ru–O)}P4]BPh4 (1) [P = P(OEt)3; R = Ph, Me] were prepared by allowing the RuH2P4 hydride to react first with HBF4·Et2O and then with propargylic alcohol HC≡CCPh(R)OH at low temperature. The complexes were characterised spectroscopically (IR, NMR) and by X‐ray crystal structure determination of the [Ru{η2‐C(=CH2)CPh2OH(Ru–O)}{P(OEt)3}4]BPh4 (1a) derivative. Related osmium complexes [Os{η2‐C(=CH2)CPh(R)OH(Os–O)}P4]BPh4 (2) and [Os{η2‐CH=C(H)CPh(R)OH(Os–O)}P4]BPh4 (3) [P = P(OEt)3; R = Ph, Me] were obtained by treating the OsH2P4 hydride first with methyl triflate(MeOTf) and then with propargylic alcohol [HC≡CCPh(R)OH]. Spectroscopic data (1H, 31P, 13C NMR) suggest the presence of two isomers with four‐ and five‐membered chelate rings of the vinyl ligands. Treatment of vinyl complexes 1 and 2+3 with terminal alkynes R1C≡CH yielded enynyl derivatives [M{η3‐R1C3C(H)R1}P4]BPh4 (M = Ru, Os). The allenylidene complex [Os(=C=C=CPh2)P5](BPh4)2 was also prepared by allowing the triflate cation [Os(κ2‐OTf)P4]+ to react with propargylic alcohol in CH2Cl2 solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Nucleosides with 2′‐Fixed Lipid Anchors and Their Behavior in Phospholipid Membranes
Authors: Kaczmarek Oliver , Brodersen Nicolai , Bunge Andreas , Löser Ludwig , Huster Daniel , Herrmann Andreas , Arbuzova Anna , Liebscher Jürgen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractVarious new nucleosides bearing one or two lipophilic groups at the 2′‐position have been synthesized. The lipophilic substituents were attached to a 2′‐hydroxy, 2′‐amino, or 2′‐thio function. These lipophilic nucleosides anchor in large unilamellar POPC vesicles serving as phospholipid membrane models. The insertion of these molecules into the membranes was investigated by NMR techniques. For comparison, nucleosides with two or three lipophilic groups at the 2′‐, 3′‐, or 5′‐positions have also been studied.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Practical Routes to 2,6‐Disubstituted Pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Vandromme Lucie , Reißig Hans‐Ulrich , Gröper Susie , Rabe Jürgen P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a series of 2,6‐disubstitutedpyridines in a straightforward manner starting from readily available 2‐substituted pyridines. The main sequence involves a selective α‐lithiation reaction with halogen functionalization followed by a Grignard reaction catalyzed by Fe(acac)3. After demonstration of the easy feasibility of this strategy by synthesizing 2,6‐disubstituted pyridines 1, the route was applied to obtain pyridine derivatives bearing electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups. Thus, a series of pyridines bearing an aryl moiety in the 6‐position and an alkyl chain in the 2‐position was obtained. The pyridines were studied for their self‐assembly abilities at the interface between an organic solution and the basal plane of graphite. Preliminary STM results for one compound are reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Polyglycerol‐Supported Co‐ and Mn‐salen Complexes as Efficient and Recyclable Homogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides and Asymmetric Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Beigi Maryam , Roller Sebastian , Haag Rainer , Liese Andreas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this report we demonstrate the suitability of hyperbranched polyglycerol as high‐loading support for asymmetric catalysis. A polyglycerol‐supported unsymmetrical salen ligand was prepared and purified by means of ultrafiltration. The polymeric ligand was metalated with cobalt acetate to afford the corresponding supported Co‐salen complex which was further utilized in the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of terminal epoxides. Kinetic studies for HKR of 1,2‐epoxyhexane using polyglycerol‐supported Co‐salen showed improved catalytic performance compared to the respective non‐immobilized catalyst. This observation points to the presence of a positive dendrimeric effect assuming a cooperative bimetallic mechanism. Furthermore, a polymer‐supported Mn‐salen catalyst was prepared and successfully applied in the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins. The respective dendritic catalyst was recycled by precipitation up to three times in the epoxidation of 6‐cyano‐2,2‐dimethylchromene (ee up to 95 %). Experiments with repetitive batches revealed enhanced stability of the catalyst as a result of immobilization whereby the total turnover number increased from 23 in a single batch to around 80 for four repetitive batches. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Packaging of microfluidic chips via interstitial bonding technique
Authors: Lu Chunmeng , Lee L. James , Juang Yi‐Je 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we describe an interstitial bonding technique for packaging of microfluidic chips. The cover plate is first placed on top of the microfluidic chip, followed by dispensing the UV‐curable resin into the resin‐loading reservoirs. With the interstitial space between the cover plate and the microfluidic chip connecting to the loading reservoirs, the UV‐curable resin wicks through capillary force action and hydrostatic pressure generated by the liquid level in the resin‐loading reservoirs. When reaching the microchannels, the UV‐curable resin stops flowing into the microchannels due to the force balance between the surface tension and hydrostatic pressure. The assembly is then placed under the UV light, followed by further curing in the thermal oven. It is found that there is no leakage from the bonded microfluidic chips and a good DNA separation result was obtained by using the microfluidic chips as fabricated. This bonding technique is relatively simple and fast, which can be applied to the packaging of microfluidic chips made from hybrid materials with complicated designs as long as the interstitial space connects to the loading reservoirs.
Does adverse selection affect bid–ask spreads for options?
Authors: Bartram Söhnke M. , Fehle Frank , Shrider David G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study examines two different option markets to test whether differences in the level of adverse selection faced by market makers affect the size of bid–ask spreads. The data are from bank‐issued options that trade on EuWax, where market makers face little adverse selection and traditional options that trade on EuRex. The results support the hypothesis that the adverse selection component of the bid–ask spread is important, as options on EuWax have lower bid–ask spreads than comparable options on EuRex. The results show that the adverse selection component represents at least half of the overall bid–ask spreads on the traditional EuRex. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:417–437, 2008
The effects of ECT on cognitive functioning in the elderly: a review
Authors: Tielkes Caroline E. M. , Comijs Hannie C. , Verwijk Esmée , Stek Max L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a single course or in maintenance form (M‐ECT) is an effective treatment in depressed elderly. However, ECT may have adverse effects on cognition.ObjectiveTo review all studies from 1980–2006 on ECT and cognition in the elderly with a minimum age of 55 years or a mean age of 55 years, and with valid measurements of cognition before and after ECT.ResultsNine out of the 15 eligible studies were focused exclusively on the elderly. Three studies reported verbal learning‐ and recall problems post ECT, while three studies found positive effects of ECT on memory, speed of processing and concentration. Global cognitive functioning in patients with cognitive impairment improved in all studies. At follow up, most studies reported improvement of cognitive functions. Learning verbal information and executive functioning were impaired in M‐ECT patients whereas global cognition remained stable after M‐ECT over a year.ConclusionsTo date research of ECT on cognitive functioning in the elderly is very limited. Small sample size, lack of controls, use of a single screening instrument and a short follow up period may explain the conflicting results. Given the clinical importance, more extensive research on cognition in elderly treated with ECT is urgently needed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurocognitive profiles in older adults with and without major depression
Authors: Fischer Corinne , Schweizer Tom A. , Atkins Jana H. , Bozanovic Radenka , Norris Mireille , Herrmann Nathan , Nisenbaum Rosane , Rourke Sean B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo delineate the differences between older persons with and without a diagnosis of major depression.MethodsParticipants were recruited from three outpatient clinics serving older patients at St Michael's Hospital. To be included in the study, participants had to speak English and have no evidence of significant sensory deficits that would interfere with neuropsychological testing. Participants were excluded if they had active delirium, active CNS disease (including dementia), active substance abuse, unstable medical disease, recent ECT treatment and a current/past diagnosis of a psychotic disorder. The diagnosis of major depression was made by qualified professionals in accordance with established guidelines. Participants were administered structured measures assessing global cognition, medical co‐morbidity, subjective memory complaints, mood and detailed neurocognitive testing evaluating working memory, attention and speed of processing. Differences between depressed and non‐depressed subjects with respect to these measures were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThirty‐six participants were included in this study. The depressed (n = 17) and non‐depressed (n = 19) groups were well matched in terms of age, education, medical co‐morbidity and mini‐mental state exam (MMSE) score. While the depressed subgroup had significantly higher subjective memory, language and cognitive complaints, there were no significant differences observed between the two subgroups on measures of memory and learning, attention and speed of information processing, fine motor dexterity and verbal fluency.ConclusionThis study suggests that while significant depressive symptoms are strongly associated with increased cognitive complaints, they are not associated necessarily with objective cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and mental disorders detected in primary care in an elderly Spanish population. The PSICOTARD Study: preliminary findings
Authors: Olivera Javier , Benabarre Sergio , Lorente Teófilo , Rodríguez Mariano , Pelegrín Carmelo , Calvo José María , Leris José María , Idáñez Dolores , Arnal Santiago 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of mental health problems among the elderly attending Primary Care centres in the Province of Huesca (Spain). To detect factors associated with the psychopathology of the elderly, and to demonstrate that specific training for GPs (General Practitioners) in the use of psychogeriatric screening instruments significantly increases detection.MethodsSample selection was made by means of systematic random sampling, stratified by the participants' health centres. Two hundred and ninety‐three patients over 65 were assessed with the Spanish version of the Mini‐Mental State Examination, Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency, Informant Questionnaire (detection of cognitive impairment), Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Geriatric Mental State Schedule (items for delusions, hallucinations, obsessive ideas and hypochondriacal ideas).ResultsAlmost half the patients (46.1%) presented some type of psychiatric symptom at the time of assessment. The most prevalent disorders were: cognitive impairment (16.4%), anxiety (15.7%), depression (14.3%), psychosis (6.1%), obsessive symptoms (4.4%) and hypochondriacal ideas (7.2%). Women presented more psychopathological disorders than men (58.7% vs 34.0%). Age, severity of physical illness, poor social support and previous psychiatric comorbidity were associated with psychiatric disorders in the elderly.ConclusionsOnly 29% of the elderly population studied had a previous psychiatric diagnosis, so the detection of mental problems in old age is low in Primary Care. When Family Doctors are trained in psychogeriatric screening instruments, detection and sensitivity in the recognition of these important health problems increases. Greater training in psychogeriatric assessment is required in Primary Care. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does job satisfaction improve the health of workers? New evidence using panel data and objective measures of health
Authors: Fischer Justina A. V. , Sousa‐Poza Alfonso 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper evaluates the relationship between job satisfaction and measures of health of workers using the German Socio‐Economic Panel. Methodologically, it addresses two important design problems encountered frequently in the literature: (a) cross‐sectional causality problems and (b) the absence of objective measures of physical health that complement self‐reported measures of health status. Not only does using the panel structure with individual fixed effects mitigate the bias from omitting unobservable personal psycho‐social characteristics, but employing more objective health measures such as health‐system contacts and disability addresses such measurement problems relating to self‐report assessments of health status.We find a positive link between job satisfaction (and changes over time therein) and subjective health measures (and changes therein); that is, employees with higher or improved job satisfaction levels feel healthier and are more satisfied with their health. This observation also holds true for more objective measures of health. Particularly, improvements in job satisfaction over time appear to prevent workers from (further) health deterioration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To vaccinate or to screen—is that the question?
Authors: Hann Alison , Peckham Stephen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe recent recommendation by the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) that the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine should be routinely given to girls aged 12–13 raises important questions about prevention programmes to combat cervical cancer in the UK. The proposal of a mass immunization programme against HPV also presents some important ethical dilemmas. This paper discusses these questions within the current context of cervical cancer prevention programmes considering issues of efficacy and the impact of immunization on women and the implications for the current cervical screening programme. We argue that despite the JCVI recommendation to implement a national vaccination programme in the UK, which will undoubtedly save lives, further consideration needs to be given to key concerns about the efficacy of the delivery programme and potential risks associated with this, the additional costs of delivery of such a programme, the challenge of ensuring continued vaccination coverage among the highest risk population, the goals of the vaccination programme and the need to continue cervical cancer screening despite a vaccination programme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A class of group divisible 3‐designs and their applications
Authors: Wang J. , Ji L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this article, we first show that a group divisible 3‐design with block sizes from {4, 6}, index unity and group‐type 2m exists for every integer m≥ 4 with the exception of m = 5. Such group divisible 3‐designs play an important role in our subsequent complete solution to the existence problem for directed H‐designs DHλ(m, r, 4, 3)s. We also consider a way to construct optimal codes capable of correcting one deletion or insertion using the directed H‐designs. In this way, the optimal single‐deletion/insertion‐correcting codes of length 4 can be constructed for all even alphabet sizes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 136–146, 2009
Alpha‐1 adrenergic receptor transactivates signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) through activation of Src and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in hepatocytes
Authors: Han Chang , Bowen William C. , Michalopoulos George K. , Wu Tong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHepatocytes express adrenergic receptors (ARs) that modulate several functions, including liver regeneration, hepatocyte proliferation, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, synthesis of urea and fatty acid metabolism. Adrenergic hepatic function in adults is mainly under the control of α1‐ARs; however, the mechanism through which they influence diverse processes remains incompletely understood. This study describes a novel α1‐AR‐mediated transactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (Stat3) in primary and transformed hepatocytes. Treatment of primary rat hepatocytes with the α1‐AR agonist, phenylephrine (PE), induced a rapid phosphorylation of Stat3. PE also increased Stat3 phosphorylation, DNA binding and transcription activity in transformed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B). The PE‐induced Stat3 phosphorylation, DNA binding and reporter activity were completely blocked by the selective α1‐AR antagonist, prazosin. In addition, transfection of Hep3B cells with human α1B‐AR expression vector also enhanced Stat3 phosphorylation and reporter activity. Moreover, overexpression of RGS2, a protein inhibitor of Gq/11signaling, blocked PE‐induced Stat3 phosphorylation and reporter activity. The observations that PE induced the formation of c‐Src‐Stat3 binding complex and phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and that inhibiting Src and EGFR prevented PE‐induced Stat3 activation indicate the involvement of Src and EGFR. Taken together, these observations demonstrate a novel α1‐AR‐mediated Stat3 activation that involves Gq/11, Src, and EGFR in hepatic cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 486–497, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.