bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Various ABO Blood Groups of Kashmiri Population
Authors: Romshoo Gh. Jeelani , Bhat Md. Youssuf , Malik G. M. , Rather Ab. Rasheed , Naikoo B. A. , Basu Javaid A. , Hussain Tajamul , Rashid Samia 
Published: August 2007

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection
in various ABO blood groups of people of Kashmir.Method: The study comprised 80 individuals – 50 peptic ulcer patients (whose disease
was diagnosed by endoscopy) and 30 asymptomatic volunteers. Every subject′s
blood group and Rhesus status was determined by standard serological tests. Helicobacter
pylori infection was diagnosed by three different methods viz., one minute endoscopy
room test (urease test), Gram staining and by histology. The detection of Helicobacter
pylori by histological examination using Giemsa staining was taken as the ‘gold standard’
for the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection.Results: Out of 80 individuals, 67 were males and 13 females aged between 18–65
years. The majority of peptic ulcer patients had blood group ‘O’ (n = 28.56%). The
prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection amongst peptic ulcer patients was 76%.
There was no difference in Helicobacter pylori positivity in various blood groups.Conclusion: Blood group ‘O’ though a risk factor for peptic ulcer (Duodenal ulcer)
is not a risk factor for acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection.
Photodynamic Therapy for Obstructive Esophageal Malignancies
Authors: McCaughan James S. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives Determine factors affecting survival rates, benefits and complications of patients with obstructive esophageal cancer treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT).Methods From 1982 to January 1998, we used PDT to treat 140 patients with obstructive
adeno or squamous carcinoma and evaluated survival up to November 1998. All patients had failed, refused, or were ineligible for surgery, ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. The effect of different variables on survival was estimated using multivariate analysis. The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), weight, diet and complications were recorded and biopsies and brushings were taken at each endoscopy. At the beginning and end of each endoscopy the minimal diameter open of the esophagus, and the length, thickness and color of the tumor were recorded. Edema, exudate, bleeding, and mucositis were evaluated and recorded on an ordinal scale.Results The only significant variable affecting survival was the clinical stage. The median survival after PDT for all patients was 6.5 months (mean = 13.9). Kaplan–Meier survival after PDT curves were statistically significantly different when stratified by the clinical Stage at the time of PDT (p < 0.0001). Median survival (months) were for: Stage I = 56; Stage II = 12; Stage III = 6.5; Stage IV = 3.5. Analysis of each individual stage showed the KPS was the only confounding variable with a statistically significant effect on survival after PDT and this was only for Stages III and IV. The most significant effect occurred when the KPS was ≥ 70. For Stage III the median survival when the KPS was ≥ 70 was 7.7 months and for a KPS < 70 it was 5.0 months (p = 0.0001). For Stage IV the median survival when the KPS was ≥ 70 was 5.5 months and for a KPS < 70 it was 2.5 months (p = 0.0002). The mean minimum diameter open before PDT was 6.2 mm (median 6.0mm) and at the end of the PDT treatment endoscopy 11.1 mm (median 12.0 mm) for a mean increase in the minimum diameter open of 4.9 mm (median 5.0 mm) This was statistically significant using paired t‐tests
(p < 0.0001).Conclusions Photodynamic therapy for esophageal carcinoma caused minimal complications
and procedure related mortality. Complete obstruction can be relieved by the end of the PDT endoscopy. The length of palliation for “non‐curative” patients was equal to or better than that reported historically for most other treatment regimens.
A Study of Intratumoral Fibrous Interstitium in the Growth and Proliferation Process in Rectal Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Matsumura Shuji 
Published: August 2007

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the fibrous interstitium found
in the spaces between tumor nests and the growth and proliferation process in 33 rectal
carcinoid lesions (26 resected endoscopically and 7 resected surgically).The proportion of the tumor occupied by fibrous interstitium (F/T ratio) was measured
in tissue specimens using an image analyzer, and the composition and distribution pattern
of the fibrous interstitium were classified based on 21 lesions in which special staining was
performed successfully. The results were then compared with tumor nest malignancy and
preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings for 23 lsions.The F/T ratio was significantly higher in the 16 lesions smaller than 5 mm and composed of
low malignancy tumor nests (0.49 ± 0.14) than in the 17 lesions 5 mm or larger (0.25 ± 0.10).
However, the F/T ratio was high (mean 0.41) for 2 of the 17 lesions 5 mm or larger comprised
of highly malignant tumor nests.The fibrous interstitium was composed of part of the smooth muscle resulting from
destruction of the muscularis mucosae and collagenous fibers. The 9 lesions with mixed
interstitium in which smooth muscle predominated were comprised of low malignancy tumor
nests with a significantly higher F/T ratio (0.55 ± 0.09). In contrast, of the 12 lesions with
separated interstitium, the 4 lesions in which collagenous fibers predominated had a significantly
higher F/T ratio (0.34 ± 0.05) than the 8 lesions in which smooth muscle
predominated (0.18 ± 0.05). Three of these 4 lesions had infiltrated as far as the deeper
sections of the submucosal layer on EUS, and 1 of the lesions was a highly malignant tumor
with an invasion depth of adventitia.The EUS internal echo images of the tumors were classifiable into: (1) homogenous
low‐echoic; (2) honeycomb; (3) multiple high‐echoic dots; and (4) unvisualized. These
classifications reflected the tumor structure (structure of the dominant nest, F/T ratio, and
fibrous interstitium distribution pattern) and depth of invasion.At the immature stage, there were large amounts of destroyed muscularis mucosae present
in the spaces between the dispersed tumor nests. At the mature stage, the tumor nests formed a
single solid mass, and in lesions that had infiltrated to the deeper sections of the submucosal
layer or were highly malignant, the number of collagenous fibers inside the tumor increased, suggesting that fibrous interstitium is closely related to rectal carcinoid tumor growth and proliferation. These histologic findings can be predicted from EUS, and may therefore be useful in assisting preoperative diagnosis.
Clinical Evaluation of the Peroral Cholangioscopy Using a New Videoscope
Authors: Igarashi Yoshinori , Ukita Takeo , Inoue Hirokazu , Ishiguro Jun , Ogawa Satoshi , Satou Masahiro , Maetani Iruru , Sakai Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2007

Peroral cholangioscopy (PCS) has been performed in 22 cases using XCHF‐B200 (Olympus
Optical Co.) since June 1995 and in 77 cases using CHF‐B20 (Olympus Optical Co.) after
EST from Jan. 1989. XCHF‐B200 has a longer rigid portion of distal end and a smaller
channel diameter than CHF‐B20. The successful rate of PCS using XCHF‐B200 (82%) was
lower than that of CHF‐B20 (89%). The vascular pattern and fine vertical groove of the bile
duct mucosa were shown more clearly on the photographs obtained with XCHF‐B200 than
those obtained with CHF‐B20. However, not enough biopsy specimens could be obtained
because the channel diameter of XCHF‐B200 was rather small.If the length of rigid portion and biopsy channel of XCHF‐B200 are improved, PCS using
XCHF‐B200 will be more useful for the diagnosis of bile duct disorders.
Fluorescence Bronchoscopic Surveillance in Patients With a History of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Weigel Tracey Lee , Kosco Pamela J. , Dacic Sanja , Yousem Samuel , Luketich James D. 
Published: August 2007

Background Second lung primaries occur at a rate of 2% per patient per year after curative resection for non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to
evaluate the role of fluorescence bronchoscopy using the Xillix® LIFE‐Lung Fluorescent
Endoscopy SystemTM (LIFE‐Lung system) in the surveillance of patients for second
NSCLC primaries after resection or curative photodynamic therapy (PDT).Methods NSCLC patients who were disease‐free following resection or endobronchial
PDT were identified and recruited to participate in a LIFE bronchoscopy surveillance
program. All suspicious areas were biopsied; areas of apparent normal mucosa served as
negative controls. Biopsy specimens were reviewed by a single pulmonary pathologist.Results Thirty‐six patients underwent 53 surveillance LIFE bronchoscopies and 6/112 biopsies revealed intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) or invasive carcinoma in 6/36
(17%) of patients. The overall relative sensitivity of LIFE versus conventional bronchoscopy
was 165% with a negative predictive value of 0.96, for the post‐resection subset of
patients these values increased to 200% and 0.97, respectively.Conclusions Surveillance LIFE bronchoscopy identified intraepithelial or invasive lesions in 17% of patients previously thought to be disease‐free. These data support future
multicenter trials on fluorescence bronchoscopic surveillance of NSCLC patients after
curative surgical resection or PDT.
Indication for Endoscopic Resection of Submucosal Colorectal Carcinoma: Special Reference to Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Tsuruta Osamu , Tsuji Yuichiroh , Kawano Hiroshi , Miyazaki Shiroh , Watanabe Masahide , Nakahara Keita , Tateishi Hideo , Fujita Mitsutake , Ban Shigeki , Sata Michio , Toyonaga Atsushi , Morimatsu Minoru 
Published: August 2007

We investigated the relationship between histological factors and lymph node metastasis in
77 lesions with submucosally invasive colorectal carcinomas to establish useful criteria for
lesions in which endoscopic treatment alone results in cure of malignancy. There were positive
correlations between histological factors, including the level of invasion, the histologic grade,
presence or absence of lymphatic invasion, presence or absence of budding, and lymph node
metastasis (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.005, p < 0.01). The presence or absence of venous
invasion did not influence lymph node metastasis. Laparoscopic surgery involving lymph node
dissection should be indicated for sm1 carcinoma lesions with unfavorable histological factors.
In lesions diagnosed as sm2 or sm3 prior to resection, intestinal resection involving lymph node
dissection by laparoscopic surgery should be directly performed without endoscopic resection.In treating submucosally invasive colorectal carcinomas, the level of invasion can be
clinically diagnosed, consequently endoscopic resection should be initially performed when
lesions are evaluated as sm1 prior to resection. When histological investigation reveals sm1
carcinoma with histologic grade I (well‐differentiated) or II (moderately‐differentiated), and
the absence of lymphatic invasion and budding, endoscopic treatment alone is sufficient.
Study of Superficial Type Colorectal Neoplasms With Central Depression
Authors: Fujinuma Sumio , Sakai Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2007

Superficial lesion with central depression obtained by endoscopic resection (23 carcinomas
limited in the mucosa and 40 adenomas) were studied morphologically and histologically.
These lesions were calculated concerning the height from the muscularis mucosa, depth of
depressed central portions and the height of circumferential mucosa. Then, using the image
analyzer, followings were determined with two‐dimensional analysis: (1) the size of neoplasms
and also (2) the size of whole mucosal lesions which was calculated by drawing a perpendicular
from the border of the neoplasms; and thus, the ratio of each area was calculated.Little difference was found between the adenomas and carcinomas. The sizes of carcinomas
were found to be of 8.8 ± 4.7 mm and the adenomas of 5.1 ± 2.3 mm (p < 0.01). As for the depth of depression, it was found to be of 352 ± 147 μm in the carcinomas and 277 ± 93 μm in the adenomas (p < 0.05). Concerning the ratio of carcinomatous area in the mucosa, it was found to be 78 ± 10% in the carcinomas, while in the adenomas, it was found to be 70 ± 10% (p < 0.05).Accordingly, it was found that compared with the adenomas, carcinomas showed
significantly larger in size, deeper depression in configuration and the ratio of their size in
the mucosa is rather high.
Long‐Term Outcome of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation in Obstructive Gastrointestinal Crohn′s Disease: A Prospective Long‐Term Study
Authors: Matsui Toshiyuki , Ikeda Keisuke , Tsuda Sumio , Yao Kenshi , Sou Suketo , Satoh Shigeru , Hatakeyama Sadamune , Matake Hiroaki , Sakurai Toshihiro , Yao Tsuneyoshi 
Published: August 2007

Background The short‐ and long‐term results of balloon dilation therapy in Crohn′s
patients with non‐anastomotic obstructive gastrointestinal lesions are investigated.Materials and methods Fifty‐five patients with Crohn′s disease who had obstructive
gastrointestinal lesions were treated prospectively by endoscopic balloon dilation.Short-term results Eight of the initial dilations were unsuccessful giving no symptomatic
relief (14.5%).Long-term results The subjects of the long‐term prognosis were 40 cases followed up
for more than 6 months (average 37 months) and their strictures were non‐anastomotic in
more than half (59%). Avoidance of surgery, was possible in 31 of 40 patients (78%). Surgery
was avoided in 92%, 81% and 77% of patients after one, two, and three years, respectively
(Kaplan–Meier′s method). There was no difference in long‐term outcome between
anastomotic strictures and strictures in the absence of prior surgery.Conclusion Our results suggest that, (1) strictures in the absence of prior surgery
might be treated in this way as well as anastomotic strictures; (2) if followed for a prolonged
time period, more than 70% of patients, who have undergone balloon dilation for
obstructive gastrointestinal Crohn′s disease, may be able to avoid surgery.
Analysis of the Cost‐effectiveness of PhotodynamicTherapy in Early Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Kato Harubumi , Okunaka Tetsuya , Tsuchida Takaaki , Shibuya Hiroshi , Fujino Shiro , Ogawa Kyoko 
Published: August 2007

Methods A cost‐effectiveness analysis was carried out for photodynamic therapy (PDT)
performed in early stage lung cancer cases, which by definition have no lymph node metastasis.
The alternative treatment method was lobectomy, which conventionally would have
been the first choice of treatment. Costs (C) and effectiveness (E) both of the PDT group
and operation group were compared. Effectiveness was determined using quality adjusted
life years saved (QALYs) which is the 5‐year survival rate adjusted in terms of the quality
of life of the patient, and the cost‐effectiveness rate was obtained based on the costs of
treatment methods during the patient′s stay in the hospital. Health care costs, including
drugs, were calculated according to the 1992 National Health Insurance list in yen. Costs
which were non‐reimbursable by the public insurance system, such as for special rooms and
sun block cream, were also expressed in yen.Results The total cost of the operated group was ¥1,793,832 and that for the PDT
group was ¥1,017,104. The cost‐effectiveness rate of the operated group, that is the
average cost of treatment per postoperative living month, was ¥37,537, while that of
the entire PDT group was ¥30,003. This indicates that the cost‐effectiveness rate for the
operated group is apparently 1.3 times higher than that of the PDT group. The monthly
cost‐effectiveness rate for the PDT group of lesions smaller than 2 cm was ¥25,533.
Therefore the cost in the operated group is 1.5 times higher.Conclusions This study demonstrated the merits of PDT for early stage lung cancer
from the point of view of cost‐effectiveness.
The Assessment of Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Tolerance a Prospective Study of 300 Cases
Authors: Farhadi Ashkan , Fields Jeremy Z. , Hoseini Seyed Hamid Bozorgnia 
Published: August 2007

Background: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of dyspepsia. We investigated factors that might be associated with self‐reported patient tolerance of EGD and therefore might serve as objective, reliable and useful surrogates for self‐reported patient tolerance. We also investigated factors that might influence EGD tolerance.Study: We prospectively evaluated 300 cases prior, during and after an EGD procedure. None received sedation.Results: Seventy‐nine percent of patients reported “good” tolerance of their EGD procedure. Other variables including (1) ease of intubation, (2) number and severity of retching episodes and (3) patient′s cooperation during the endoscopic procedure, associated positively and robustly with patient self‐reports of EGD tolerance. Evaluating the parameters that might predict EGD tolerance, only (4) age and (5) patient′s gagging during Lidocaine throat spraying correlated
closely with patient perception of EGD intolerance. Self‐reported EGD tolerance did not correlate with gender, education level, body habitus (obesity), prior EGD experience, fear or anxiety about the procedure, procedure type or procedure duration.Conclusions: Several parameters might be used instead of or in addition to patient perception of EGD tolerance. Age and patient gagging during Lidocaine throat spraying, but
not patient fear and anxiety about the procedure can be used to predict EGD intolerance and used for selection of patients for sedation.
Diagnosis of Cancer Spread Using Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Cholangioscopy‐guided Ultrasonography for Malignant Bile Duct Stenosis
Authors: Inoue Hirokazu 
Published: August 2007

The characteristics of sites of intramural cancer spread were examined by comparing the
intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) and wall thickening findings at sites of intramural cancer
spread and non‐spread, in patients with malignant bile duct stenosis who had undergone
percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).The subjects were ten patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer, two with pancreatic
cancer, one with cancer of the gallbladder, and one with cancer of the papilla of Vater who
underwent preoperative IDUS. From these patients, 50 IDUS slices were examined with a
congruent relationship with the histologic section of resected tissue. The maximum
thickening, minimum thickening, maximum/minimum thickening ratio, and form factor of the
medial and lateral margins of the medial hypoechoic layer were determined using diagnostic
imaging, and the results were compared at sites of cancer spread and non‐spread.Twelve slices were obtained from the site of stenosis, 14 from sites of cancer spread, and 24
from non‐spread sites. The maximum thickening, minimum thickening, and maximum/minimum
thickening ratio differed significantly between the sites of spread and the non‐spread.The absolute values for wall thickening are useful for diagnosing the presence of intramural
spread in patients with malignant biliary duct stenosis.
Detection of Photofrin Fluorescence From Malignant and Premalignant Lesions in the Bronchus using a Full‐color Endoscopic Fluorescence Imaging System
Authors: Ohsaki Yoshinobu , Takeyama Kaneyoshi , Nakao Shoko , Tanno Sachie , Toyoshima Eri , Nakanishi Kyoko , Nishigaki Yutaka , Ogasa Toshiyuki , Osanai Shinobu , Kikuchi Kenjiro , Nakajima Susumu 
Published: August 2007

Study objectives: To detect invisible lung cancer and to determine field of laser radiation
during PDT we developed a full‐color fluorescence fiberscopic system. We tested the efficacy
of this system in patients with various bronchial malignancies.System design: A fiber‐optic endoscope was attached to a camera box containing a color
ICCD camera which can detect from 400 to 700nm fluorescence in full‐color. Light of
average wavelength 405 nm was selected and radiated through the light channel of the
fiberscope from a 300W Xenon lamp.Patients and methods: We examined nine consecutive patients with bronchial malignancy
admitted in our hospital to receive PDT. Sixteen lesions in these nine patients were observed
with white light and excitation light and the results were compared. Histological examinations
were done by taking biopsy specimens and samples for pathological and cytological
examination. After the diagnosis was confirmed, 2.0 mg/kg Photofrin was injected. Forty eight
hours after the administration of Photofrin, observation of the bronchial wall was made using
a full‐color endoscopic fluorescence imaging system just before PDT.Results: Bright red fluorescence from Photofrin was Observed in 14/14 bronchial
malignancies: 3 squamous cell carcinoma, 9 squamous cell carcinoma in situ, 1 metastatic
breast cancer and 1 metastatic islet cell tumor. Bright red fluorescence was also detected in 2/2
squamous dysplasia. Green autofluorescence was observed in the normal part of the bronchus.Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that the full‐color endoscopic
fluorescence imaging system can be used to detect malignant and premalignant lesions as red
fluorescence against green autofluorescence with Photofrin administration, and this system has the potential to detect absence of autofluorescence in cancerous lesions.
Peroral Endoscopic Removal of a Regurgitated Giant Polisegmented Fibrovascular Polyp of the Esophagus
Authors: Paczona Robert , Ivan Laszlo , Jori Jozsef , Ivanyi Bela 
Published: August 2007

Background: Giant fibrovascular polyps (FVP) are relatively rare benign neoplasm of the
upper esophagus and hypopharynx. Without previous history, their diagnosis might be
difficult as the endoscopic findings are sometimes misinterpretedMaterials and methods: The present report describes a case, in which the patient
regurgitated his giant polypoid mass into his mouth and captured it between his teeth and
buccal surface until the emergency endoscopic removalResults: After one‐year of follow‐up, the patient is going well, without recurrence of his
polypConclusion: Although the adequate therapy for these lesions is mainly the open surgical
resection, most often via cervical esophagotomy, in our case the polyp was removed
successfully by peroral endoscopic operation.
Angioscopic Observation After Coronary Angioplasty for Chronic Coronary Occlusion Comparison With Severe Stenotic Lesion
Authors: Adachi Takayoshi , Hirayama Atsushi , Asakura Masanori , Yamaguchi Osamu , Ueda Yasunori , Kuzuya Tsunehiko , Hori Masatsugu , Kodama Kazuhisa 
Published: August 2007

Objectives To clarify the underlying mechanism for the high
restenosis rate after the coronary angioplasty for the chronic
total occlusion by using the coronary angioscope.Background
Coronary angioplasty for the chronic total occlusion is associated
with higher restenosis rate than for highly stenotic lesion.
However, the difference in the restenosis rate has not been
discussed from the angioscopic observation.Methods and Results The lesion morphology after coronary
intervention were classified into 4 grade (Grade 0 = no intimal flap; Grade 1 = intimal flap without protrusion; Grade 2 = Intimal flap with protrusion not occlusive; Grade 3
= protruding intimal flaps with occlusion of the vessel
lumen). Coronary angioscopic observation was performed in 46
patients with stable angina. Most of the lesion morphology after
angioplasty in 13 patients with chronic total occlusion was grade
3. On the other hand, none of grade 3 was observed in 36 patients
with severe coronary stenosis.Conclusion The various protrusions into the lumen shown by the angioscope might be a
reason for higher restenosis and reocclusion rates compared with those after the angioplasty
for the severe stenotic lesion.