bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS FOLLOWING A SINGLE INTAKE OF THYROXINE
Authors: Kirkeby Knut 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies of serum lipids and of the fatty acid composition of the main fractions were performed in a 17-year-old girl following a large single oral intake of 1-thyroxine.
Cholesterol and phospholipids values decreased markedly. These changes were followed by pronounced disturbances in the fatty acid composition of these fractions, with a lowering of linoleic acid, and an increase in arachidonic acid percentages. Other changes were increased oleic acid in the cholesterol esters, and increased eicosatrienoic acid in the phospholipids. The changes were in accordance with findings made in patients with long standing thyrotoxicosis. They support the hypothesis that increased synthesis of arachidonic from linoleic acid contributes to the linoleic acid deficiency seen in thyrotoxicosis.
The serum lipids and values for fatty acid composition showed a tendency to return to the original levels within 10 to 15 days. However, in the phospholipids some of the very long-chained fatty acids decreased during the 40-day observation period.
CONCENTRATIONS AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS FOLLOWING SERIOUS COMPLICATING ILLNESS IN HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Kirkeby Knut 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies on serum lipids and their fatty acid composition have been carried out in 3 patients with untreated hypothyroidism, who also suffered from acute complicating diseases. It was found that the hypothyroid patients reacted to the acute complicating disease in the same way as euthyroid subjects, i. e. with a lowering of serum cholesterol and phospholipids, and disturbances in fatty acid composition. Very low values of linoleic acid percentages were found following one week of complicating disease, contrary to findings made in hypothyroid patients without any complicating diseases.
The changes in fatty acid composition indicate a very active re-synthesis of lipoproteins. It is suggested that the unknown factor responsible for lipoprotein degradation in acute illness also activates their re-synthesis, since the formation and turnover of lipoproteins in hypothyroidism are usually low.
INSULIN ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: Andersen O. Ortved 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The investigation shows that in a group of fifty-one patients with diabetes mellitus treated with pure porcine insulin preparation, administered as crystal suspension of protamin-insulin, 76 per cent formed antibodies reacting with insulin. None of the patients in the observation period developed insulin resistance. No sex difference was demonstrated in the antibody formation, similarly, it was not possible to demonstrate a stimulation or accentuation in the antibody formation in connection with catarrhal infections. It was demonstrated that younger patients formed more antibodies than the older patients. Furthermore, a correlation was demonstrated between the antibody titre and the insulin dosage/kg weight. With the method used it was possible to demonstrate antibodies after 1–3 months of insulin treatment. The antibody titre attained a maximum level after insulin treatment for 4–9 months, after which it remained unchanged, probably as a consequence of afferent enhancement. It was found that the magnitude of the antibody titre was probably secondary to the size of the insulin dosage, and that because of the close correlation between regulation and insulin dosage, the influence of inadequate regulation could not be excluded. On the other hand, the magnitude of the antibody titre seemed to be without any importance for the regulation of diabetes, and in non-resistant diabetics to be without importance in determining the size of the insulin dosage.
ADRENAL EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE IN CASTRATED RATS INJECTED WITH OESTRADIOL
Authors: Tisell Lars-Eric 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated non-adrenalectomized and castrated adrenalectomized rats following injections for ten days of oestradiol benzoate. Oestradiol benzoate was given in daily doses of 0.001 mg or 0.010 mg, and to non-adrenalectomized rats also in daily doses of 0.100 mg.
Oestradiol increased the weight of all the accessory reproductive organs in both the adrenalectomized and non-adrenalectomized rats. The weight increase of the dorsolateral prostate was most pronounced in the nonadrenalectomized rats. Oestradiol induced signs of secretory activity in epithelial cells of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate in the non-adrenalectomized but not in the adrenalectomized rats. The higher the dose of oestradiol the more marked was the stimulation of the epithelial growth in the ventral and dorsolateral prostate of the non-adrenalectomized rats.
The growth and secretory activity observed in epithelial cells of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate of the oestradiol treated castrated non-adrenalectomized rats is assumed to be the result of the combined actions of oestradiol and adrenal steroids rather than merely the effect of an increased secretion of adrenal steroids induced by the oestradiol treatment.
THE EFFECT OF PITUITARY TRANSPLANTS ON THE TUBERO-INFUNDIBULAR DOPAMINE NEURONS IN VARIOUS ENDOCRINE STATES
Authors: Olson Lars , Fuxe Kjell , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of pituitary transplants into the anterior chamber of the eye of the rat on the amine turnover in the tubero-infundibular dopamine (DA) neurons has been studied by means of the Falck-Hillarp fluorescence technique and a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition test. Transplantation was performed after hypophysectomy and/or castration, and in normal rats of both sexes. It was found that pituitary transplants caused an increase in DA turnover in the median eminence, particularly in hyphysectomized rats. The effects were clearcut as early as after 2 hours and the acceleration of DA turnover was partly reduced by treatment with 2 Br-α-ergokryptin or ergocornine. In normal cycling rats the cyclic DA turnover changes disappeared and a constant fairly high DA turnover, similar to that in dioestrus, was found. It is suggested that the DA turnover changes found are due to an increased endogenous secretion of prolactin and that in normal animals the DA neurons in the median eminence can partly mediate the inhibitory feedback action of prolactin on its own secretion by increasing the release of prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) from the median eminence via an axo-axonic effect.
SERUM INSULIN CONCENTRATION AFTER ALPHA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE AND SECRETIN IN DIABETICS
Authors: Persson Ib , Larsen Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In diabetics two different patterns of insulin release were demonstrated. One type was found after the injection of an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phentolamine, another after injection of secretin. The insulin release after phentolamine was moderate and prolonged, while after secretin it was rapid, short lasting, and high. The insulin pattern after secretin was not affected by a preceding phentolamine injection. Probably different mechanisms are involved in these two types of insulin release.
URINARY GONADOTROPHINS IN NINE FERTILE EUNUCHS
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary total hypophyseal gonadotrophins (HG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by specific bioassays in nine so-called »fertile eunuchs« with an age range of 14–27 years, mean 20.8 years. All the patients but one were extremely eunuchoid with testes of varying size but all larger than infantile testes. The excretion of androgen metabolites was low, those of gonadal origin as revealed by a dexamethasone suppression test (DXM) being extremely low. A biopsy of the testes was performed in 2 cases showing full spermatogenesis in some of the tubules and no mature Leydig cells. Five of the patients had almost normal sperm counts after treatment with testosterone or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The mean excretion of HG was 6.3 MUU/day but the individual values varied widely (95% limits 0.5–84.9) and of FSH 4.7 IU/day (95% limits 1.6–13.1) which is not significantly different from that of normal men. The mean LH was 2.1 IU/day, the 95% limits being 0.8–5.4 which is significantly lower than that of normal men (t = 5.5, P < 0.0005). Thus LH deficiency appears to be an important feature of the syndrome.
EFFECTS OF OESTROGENS ON THYROXINE TURNOVER IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Zaninovich Angel A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The peripheral metabolism of thyroxine (T4) was studied before and after the administration of oestrogens in 21 patients with Graves' disease and in 5 subjects with thyrotoxicosis factitia. In addition, 6 patients with Graves' disease while receiving oestrogen treatment were given 600 mg of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) orally daily; the study on the peripheral metabolism of T4 was similarly performed. Oestrogens induced the following changes in T4 metabolism: a decrease in the concentration of free T4 in the serum, an increase in serum total T4, slowing of the fractional turnover, and contraction of the distribution space. The extrathyroidal T4 pool remained unchanged. These changes led to a decrease in daily T4 degradation rate from 469 μg in the control period to 348 μg during oestrogen therapy (P < 0.001). Fifteen of these patients showed apparent clinical improvement. The 2 subjects with T4-thyrotoxicosis factitia had decreased T4 degradation and remission of symptomatology following oestrogen administration; on the other hand, 3 subjects with T3-thyrotoxicosis factitia had no appreciable amelioration of their symptoms. The administration of DPH to oestrogen-treated patients with Graves' disease induced a slight acceleration of the absolute T4 turnover. It is concluded that the decreased T4 degradation induced by oestrogens in spontaneous and iatrogenic hyperthyroidism was mediated by an increase in T4-binding globulin capacity in the serum.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY, PLASMA RENIN SUBSTRATE AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN RELATION TO THE CONCENTRATION OF PROGESTERONE AND OESTROGENS IN THE PLASMA
Authors: Sundsfjord Johan A. , Aakvaag A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relative importance of endogenous progesterone and oestrogens on the rise in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle has been investigated in two groups of young women. One group (luteal group) had plasma progesterone levels of 7–19.5 ng/ml (mean 12.3; sem 1.3) in the second half of the cycle. The other group (luteal failure group) had plasma progesterone levels of 1.5–3.0 ng/ml, (mean 2.1; sem 0.16), on the corresponding days in the second half of the cycle.
The plasma oestrogen levels and the oestriol excretion did not differ between the groups at any stage of the cycle. In the luteal group the normal increase in plasma progesterone and plasma oestrogens and in oestriol excretion was accompanied by a doubling in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion, whereas the plasma renin substrate levels did not change significantly.
In the luteal failure group, no significant increase was found in either plasma renin activity or in urinary aldosterone excretion, in spite of the unchanged plasma oestrogen levels and oestriol excretion. In this group too the plasma renin substrate levels showed no change from the first to the second half of the cycle.
It is concluded that the rise in plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II concentration and urinary aldosterone excretion in the luteal phase of the normal menstrual cycle is caused by increased progesterone production.
EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.1 mg OF NORETHINDRONE ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TOTAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Larsson-Cohn Ulf , Johansson Elof D. B. , Wide Leif , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of LH and oestrogens were performed in four women during one control cycle followed by three months of daily treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone.
According to the plasma progesterone pattern, all four women seemed to ovulate during their control cycle. Two women became pregnant during their second cycle of treatment. During treatment all four women showed an atypical LH pattern without any distinct midcycle peak. The mean LH excretion during treatment was not significantly different from the mean level of follicular phase of normal cycles. The oestrogens and progesterone levels were within normal ranges.
It is concluded that during treatment with 0.1 mg of norethindrone daily an apparently normal pregnancy may occur in spite of a different LH excretion pattern.
PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF THE 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BINDING PROTEIN IN THE EPIDIDYMAL CYTOSOL FRACTION. IN VIVO STUDIES
Authors: Hansson Vidar , Djøseland Ole , Reusch Ellen , Aasvik Synnøve 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the administration of [3H] testosterone to castrated rats in vivo, most of the radioactivity in the epididymal cytosol fraction was bound to macromolecules. The molecular weight of the androgen-macromolecular complexes was determined to about 90 000, and the frictional ratio (f/fo) was 1.62. The sedimentation coefficient was shown to be 4.6 S (± 0.2) and the complex was slightly retarded on a column of Sephadex G-100 (Einstein-Stokes radius 47–48 Å). On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it moved as a sharp zone with RF: 0.41.
Almost all the radioactivity bound to these macromolecules was identified as 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) (95%) and only a minor part (3–4%) as testosterone.
The receptor for 5α-DHT in the epididymal cytosol fraction was in its physico-chemical properties shown to be different from the androgenbinding proteins of the rat ventral prostate, and could not be demonstrated in non-target organs like liver and kidney. The receptor for 5α-DHT in the epididymal cytosol fraction did not form aggregates in hypotonic solutions, and was roughly of the same molecular size both at high and low salt concentrations.
STIMULATING ACTION OF CALCIUM ON THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS
Authors: Jensen Herluf , Toft Harly 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of calcium on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system was studied in 10 subjects – 9 with normal adrenal function and in 1 adrenalectomized patient – by giving an intravenous infusion of calcium during 4 hours.
In all the subjects with intact hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis the level of plasma 11-OHCS either was increased or the fall was diminished as compared to the fall in plasma 11-OHCS during an intravenous infusion of glucose. However, no correlation was found between the plasma calcium and the 11-OHCS. Furthermore the excretion of 17-KGS in the urine was unaltered during the calcium infusion experiments. In the adrenalectomized patient no difference in the plasma 11-OHCS was found during calcium or glucose infusion. It is concluded that calcium stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, resulting in an increased cortisol secretion. The level at which this stimulation occurs remains unknown.
PROLACTIN LEVELS IN BOVINE BLOOD, INFLUENCED BY MILKING MANIPULATION, GENITAL STIMULATION AND OXYTOCIN ADMINISTRATION WITH SPECIFIC CONSIDERATION OF THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS
Authors: Schams D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The peripheral blood level of prolactin has been examined in the bovine by means of radioimmunological method. Prolactin values of lactating animals (kept in an open stable) show a seasonal influence with higher basic values during the summer and lower basic values during the winter. Normal milking gives a potent short stimulus for the release of prolactin. Repeated milking also leads to a rise in prolactin, although the absolute value of the peaks seems to decrease with the number of stimuli. Massage of the udder, washing of the teats and a short premilking before actual milking lead to an increase of prolactin in most animals. A very short release of prolactin can also be detected after rectal massage of the cervix and of the vagina. Exogenous administration of oxytocin in a dose of 5 to 80 IU does not produce any increase of prolactin. After injections or infusions of 120 IU and 160 IU, only the latter dosage could induce a noticeable increase.
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS OF URINARY INSULIN FOR THE EVALUATION OF INSULIN PRODUCTION
Authors: Ørskov H. , Johansen K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Insulin in urine can be measured accurately after special precautions which include dialysis of urine samples and the addition of albumin. The accuracy and dependability of the procedures used have been confirmed in experiments where the results from two different immunological techniques have been compared and in dilution and recovery experiments. It has also been demonstrated that urinary insulin clearance is very constant over the wide range of physiologically attainable plasma insulin concentrations and urinary flows.
THE STIMULATORY EFFECT ON INSULIN SECRETION IN LONG-TERM TOLBUTAMIDE TREATMENT
Authors: Johansen K. , Ørskov H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous studies of the long-term effect of sulphonylurea have consistently failed to reveal any chronic stimulation of insulin secretion. This failure is probably due to the inadequate design used.
In the present study an unquestionable long-term action of tolbutamide on the beta-cell has been demonstrated. We have studied diabetic patients treated for several years during the days just before and just after experimental withdrawal of the drug and have ascertained by this means that the blood sugar is almost unchanged.
It has been found that the urinary insulin excretion decreased significantly after withdrawal of tolbutamide. It is concluded that the long-term clinical effect of tolbutamide is at least partly due to a stimulatory action of tolbutamide on the beta-cell.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN HUMAN AND BOVINE PERIPHERAL PLASMA
Authors: Edqvist Lars-Eric , Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An antibody against oestradiol-17β-succinyl-bovine-serum-albumin was diluted in a 0.1% phosphate buffer to 1:150 000 without any previous treatment. Sephadex LH-20 columns were used to separate the oestrone and oestradiol fractions. Separation of free from antibody-bound steroids was achieved by a dextrane coated charcoal suspension. Five pg of oestradiol or oestrone was significantly different from 0 in the radioimmunoassay system. The recovery for oestrone and 17β-oestradiol after diethyl ether extraction and column separation was between 87-91 per cent. Highly accurate and precise measurements of both oestrone and 17β-oestradiol were obtained both in women and cows. During pregnancy in the cow oestrone was found to be the predominant free oestrogen in the peripheral plasma and the oestradiol levels were found to be about 10 per cent or less of the oestrone levels. The oestrone levels in the pregnant cow could be measured by a rapid technique omitting the column separation. During the normal menstrual cycle in women the pattern of oestrone and oestradiol closely followed that obtained after ether extraction only. A well defined midcyclic peak of oestrogens was found in all the 34 normal cycles assayed. The increase during the luteal phase was less pronounced.
THE SOURCE OF CIRCULATING PROGESTERONE AND 17α-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE IN HYDATIDIFORM MOLE
Authors: Teoh Eng Soon , Das N. P. , Dawood M. Yusoff , Ratnam S. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The source of the large amounts of circulating progesterone and the smaller quantities of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone in Hydatidiform Mole was studied by measuring progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 20α-hydroxyprogesterone in petroleum ether extracts of mole vesicle fluid and theca lutein cyst fluid following chromatography. The progesterone concentration in 10 samples of mole vesicle fluid ranged from 261–1493 ng/ml (mean 724 ng/ml) and was 8.6 times higher than the concentration in the serum. The chromatogram of the theca lutein cyst fluid showed a large peak of progesterone followed by two large secondary peaks of 20α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. In 3 patients with benign Hydatidiform Mole, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin rapidly decreased during the first 48 hours following evacuation of the mole. Thereafter, progesterone disappeared from the serum before HCG in one case, together with HCG in the second, and remained at low concentrations for 3 months in the third patient despite negative (below 0.6 IU/ml) HCG assays. The studies show that the mole trophoblast is the principal source of progesterone and the ovaries are a secondary source. Theca lutein cysts are the principal source of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone.
SEX- AND AGE-DEPENDENT HYDROXYLATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE IN THE LIVER OF NORMALLY DEVELOPED RATS AND IN ANIMALS WITH DISTURBED SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ghraf Rüdiger , Lax Edmund Rodney , Schriefers Herbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The formation rate of C19O3 (C19O4)-metabolites from testosterone incubated with rat liver microsomes is subject to an age-dependent development and sex-specific differentiation. An investigation of the formation of individual testosterone hydroxylation products demonstrates an age dependence in all cases. This age dependence may display sex differences (as in the production of 6β- and 16α-hydroxytestosterone), or be independent of sex (as in the production of 7α-hydroxytestosterone). At maturity, male animals produce significantly more 6β-hydroxytestosterone than females; 16α-hydroxytestosterone is a sex-specific metabolite found only in male animals.
The administration of oestradiol benzoate (300 μg on day 2 of life) leads to feminization in the mature male animal, as demonstrated by the decrease of 6β-hydroxytestosterone formation to a typically female level, and by the cessation of 16α-hydroxytestosterone production. 7α-Hydroxytestosterone formation, which is not sex-dependent, is not affected by this oestrogenization.
GRAVES' DIEASE AND HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS IN MONOZYGOUS TWINS
Authors: Chertow Bruce S. , Fidler William J. , Fariss Bruce L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Monozygous twins and their family were studied. One twin had Graves' disease and the other had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Their mother had Hashimoto's thyroiditis and their maternal grandmother and maternal great aunt had hyperthyroidism. Thyroid biopsies were obtained in each of the twins and showed changes of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, respectively. High concentrations of anti-thyroid microsomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were present by competitive protein binding assay, but LATS was absent in the twins and their mother. The occurrence of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in monozygotic twins supports the concept of a common genetic aetiologic factor in the basic pathogenesis of these two diseases; however, the expression of this factor is variable, acquired, and, at least in part, genetically independent.
IMITATION OF THE ADRENO-CORTICAL RESPONSE TO SURGERY BY INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF SYNTHETIC HUMAN ACTH
Authors: Kehlet Henrik , Binder Christian , Engbæk Christen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of plasma corticosteroids was followed during major surgery and during the infusion of synthetic human ACTH at dose rates varying from 2400 ng to 15 000 ng per hour.
The results showed that the time course of plasma corticosteroids during major surgery was intermediate between that obtained during the infusion of 7500 and 15 000 ng synthetic human ACTH per hour.
This gives an estimated ACTH secretion rate during major surgery of between 7500 ng and 15 000 ng per hour.