bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: CXCL12‐induced partitioning of flotillin‐1 with lipid rafts plays a role in CXCR4 function – Eur. J. Immunol. 8/2007
Authors: Giri Banabihari , Dixit Vishwa D. , Ghosh Manik C. , Collins Gary D. , Khan Islam U. , Madara Karen , Weeraratna Ashani T. , Taub Dennis D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGiri et al. (pp. 2104–2116) determine that flotillin‐1, but not flotillin‐2, is specifically recruited to lipid rafts following CXCL12 stimulation of human T cells. The cover image taken from this article shows a Jurkat cell transfected with control siRNA and stimulated with CXCL12; the location of flotillin‐1 (red), CXCR4 (green) and the nucleus (blue) are determined by immunofluorescence. A distinct “capped” phenotype is observed with significant recruitment and colocalization (yellow/orange) of flotillin‐1 and CXCR4 in lipid rafts; such CXCR4 recruitment is decreased in flotillin‐1 siRNA transfected cells. Together the data of Giri et al. indicate a role for flotillin‐1 in chemokine receptor signalling.
Management of the unknown primary carcinoma: Long‐term follow‐up on a negative PET scan and negative panendoscopy
Authors: Miller Frank R. , Karnad Anand B. , Eng Tony , Hussey David H. , Stan McGuff H. , Otto Randal A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe unknown primary carcinoma in the head and neck has been estimated to represent up to 7% of all head and neck carcinomas. In an attempt to identify the occult primary tumor the evaluation of this patient population has included a complete head and neck examination, flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, and imaging with CT/MRI. More recently, positron emission tomography (PET) has been advocated as a tool to detect primary tumors.MethodsA cohort of 31 patients with fine‐needle aspiration biopsy–confirmed squamous cell carcinoma were prospectively entered into a diagnostic protocol to identify the occult primary tumor. The diagnostic protocol included a comprehensive head and neck examination (including flexible endoscopy) and CT and/or MRI. If the initial diagnostic evaluation failed to identify a primary tumor, the patients then underwent whole body PET imaging followed by staging endoscopy with biopsy of the at‐risk occult tumor sites. The outcome measures included the accuracy of the PET to predict the presence of occult tumor at staging endoscopy and the accuracy of the negative PET and negative panendoscopy in predicting the subsequent development of a primary tumor in the upper aerodigestive tract during follow‐up.ResultsThe PET detected 9 occult primary tumors in the 31 patients (detection rate, 29%). Five occult primary tumors (2 base of tongue and 3 palatine tonsil) were detected during panendoscopy despite a negative PET. The combination of PET and panendoscopy detected 45.2% of the unknown primary tumors. Seventeen patients (N1, n = 7; N2a, n = 4; N2b, n = 2; N3, n = 4) had no primary tumor detected and were treated as an unknown primary carcinoma with primary neck dissection +/− radiation therapy +/− chemotherapy. In this series of 17 patients, there were 3 neck recurrences (17.6%). In addition, only 1 patient (5.8%) developed a primary tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract with a mean follow‐up of 31.1 months (range, 21–60 months).ConclusionA negative PET study in patients with an occult primary head and neck carcinoma does not preclude the need for panendoscopy with biopsy to detect the occult primary tumor. The risk of subsequent primary tumor appears to be low in the patients with a negative PET and a negative panendoscopy (<6%). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Deletion of the PDZ motif of HPV16 E6 preventing immortalization and anchorage‐independent growth in human tonsil epithelial cells
Authors: Spanos William C. , Geiger Jeremy , Anderson Mary E. , Harris George F. , Bossler Aaron D. , Smith Russell B. , Klingelhutz Aloysius J. , Lee John H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) has been associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in up to 60% of sampled specimens.MethodsTo understand better the viral genes required to transform human tonsil epithelial cells (HTEC), we isolated HTEC's and transduced them with retroviral vectors containing HPV16E6andE7.ResultsImmortalization and anchorage‐independent growth of HTEC's only occurred with expression ofE6andE7with resultant degradation of p53. However, cells expressingE6lacking the PSD‐95/disc‐large/Zo‐1 (PDZ) motif did not immortalize or grow anchorage independent. Telomerase activity and degradation of p53 were similar for wild‐type and mutant E6.ConclusionThe mechanism of oncogenic transformation by E6 in HTEC's is dependent on the PDZ binding motif. Identification of pathways affected by the interaction of E6 and PDZ domain containing proteins will further our understanding of how HPV causes HNSCC and will provide potential therapeutic targets. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Profibrogenic transforming growth factor-β/activin receptor–like kinase 5 signaling via connective tissue growth factor expression in hepatocytes
Authors: Weng Hong-Lei , Ciuclan Loredana , Liu Yan , Hamzavi Jafar , Godoy Patricio , Gaitantzi Haristi , Kanzler Stefan , Heuchel Rainer , Ueberham Uwe , Gebhardt Rolf , Breitkopf Katja , Dooley Steven 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is important for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)–induced liver fibrogenesis. Hepatic stellate cells have been recognized as its major cellular source in the liver. Here we demonstrate the induction of CTGF expression in hepatocytes of damaged livers and identify a molecular mechanism responsible for it. CTGF expression was found by immunohistochemistry in bile duct epithelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes in fibrotic liver tissue from patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Similarly, CTGF expression was induced in hepatocytes of carbon tetrachloride–treated mice. CTGF expression and secretion were detected spontaneously in a medium of hepatocytes after 3 days of culture, which was enhanced by stimulation with TGF-β. TGF-β–induced CTGF expression was mediated through the activin receptor–like kinase 5 (ALK5)/Smad3 pathway, whereas activin receptor–like kinase 1 activation antagonized this effect. CTGF expression in the liver tissue of TGF-β transgenic mice correlated with serum TGF-β levels. Smad7 overexpression in cultured hepatocytes abrogated TGF-β–dependent and intrinsic CTGF expression, indicating that TGF-β signaling was required. In line with these data, hepatocyte-specific transgenic Smad7 reduced CTGF expression in carbon tetrachloride–treated animals, whereas in Smad7 knockout mice, it was enhanced. Furthermore, an interferon gamma treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection induced Smad7 expression in hepatocytes, leading to decreased CTGF expression and fibrogenesis.

Conclusion:

Our data provide evidence for the profibrogenic activity of TGF-β directed to hepatocytes and mediated via the up-regulation of CTGF. We identify ALK5-dependent Smad3 signaling as the responsible pathway inducing CTGF expression, which can be hindered by an activated activin receptor–like kinase 1 pathway and completely inhibited by TGF-β antagonist Smad7. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Endogenous sex hormones, prolactin and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women
Authors: Bremnes Yngve , Ursin Giske , Bjurstam Nils , Rinaldi Sabina , Kaaks Rudolf , Gram Inger T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe associations between endogenous sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women are well established. Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, and possibly an intermediate marker. However, the results from studies on the associations between endogenous sex hormones and mammographic density are conflicting. The authors examined the associations between circulating levels of sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and prolactin and mammographic densities among postmenopausal women not currently using postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT). The authors also examined if insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) levels influenced the association between estrogen and mammographic density. Altogether, 722 postmenopausal participants in the Norwegian governmental mammographic screening program had endogenous hormone concentrations measured. Mammograms were classified according to percent and absolute mammographic density using a previously validated computer‐assisted method. After adjustment for age, number of children, age at menopause, body mass index and HT use, both plasma concentrations of SHBG (p‐trend = 0.003) and estrone (p‐trend = 0.07) were positively associated with percent mammographic density. When the analyses were stratified according to median IGF‐I concentration, the weak association between estrone and mammographic density was strengthened among women with IGF‐I levels below median, while the association disappeared among women with over median IGF‐I levels (pfor interaction = 0.02). In summary, the authors found a positive association between plasma SHBG levels and mammographic densities among 722 postmenopausal Norwegian women not currently using HT. Further, the authors found a positive but weak association between plasma estrone concentration and mammographic density, which appeared to be modified by IGF‐I levels. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Engraftment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 carriers in NOD/SCID/γcnull (NOG) mice
Authors: Takajo Ichiro , Umeki Kazumi , Morishita Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Ikuo , Kubuki Yoko , Hatakeyama Kinta , Kataoka Hiroaki , Okayama Akihiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe transmission of human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) occurs mainly via breast‐feeding, sexual intercourse and blood transfusions. After transmission, the HTLV‐1 infection is predominantly maintained by cell‐to‐cell infection and clonal expansion; however, the details have not yet been clarified. To investigate how HTLV‐1 infected cells act in an environment without an effective immune reaction, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers were inoculated into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID)/γcnull (NOG) mice, which have immunological dysfunctions of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and NK cells. Human mononuclear cells including both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found to have infiltrated into various organs, including the liver, kidney, spleen and lung, when the mice were sacrificed 1 month after inoculation. The copy numbers of HTLV‐1 provirus detected in the tissue‐infiltrating human cells were much higher than those in the original PBMCs from the carriers. The expression of HTLV‐1 mRNA was demonstrated in the tissue‐infiltrating cells by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Inverse‐long polymerase chain reaction showed that the pattern of HTLV‐1 proviral integration was different from that of the original carrier and that it varied among NOG mice inoculated with PBMCs from the same carrier. These results suggest the selective proliferation of particular clones of HTLV‐1 infected cells in NOG mice. Alternatively, transmission and new integration of HTLV‐1 from infected cells to noninfected cells might have occurred in an environment without an effective immune reaction. The NOG mouse is considered a good animal model for the patho‐physiological study of HTLV‐1 infection with immunodeficiency. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A lipophilic statin, pitavastatin, suppresses inflammation‐associated mouse colon carcinogenesis
Authors: Yasui Yumiko , Suzuki Rikako , Miyamoto Shingo , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Sugie Shigeyuki , Kohno Hiroyuki , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: July 2007

Abstract3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors are known to modulate carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether a lipophilic HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor pitavastatin suppresses inflammation‐related mouse colon carcinogenesis. Male CD‐1 (ICR) mice were initiated with a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg body weight) and promoted by 2% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days. The experimental diets containing pitavastatin at 2 dose levels (1 and 10 ppm) were fed to male CD‐1 (ICR) mice for 17 weeks, staring 1 week after the cessation of DSS exposure. The effects of dietary pitavastatin on colonic tumor development were assessed at Weeks 5, 10 and 20. Feeding with pitavastatin at both doses significantly inhibited the multiplicity of colonic adenocarcinoma at Week 20. Furthermore, the treatment significantly lowered the positive rates of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and increased the apoptotic index in the colonic epithelial malignancies. The treatment also reduced nitrotyrosine‐positivity in the colonic mucosa. Our findings thus show that pitavastatin is effective in inhibiting colitis‐related colon carcinogenesis through modulation of mucosal inflammation, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and cell proliferation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inappropriate gold standard bias in cervical cancer screening studies
Authors: Pretorius Robert G. , Bao Yan‐Ping , Belinson Jerome L. , Burchette Raoul J. , Smith Jennifer S. , Qiao You‐Lin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs acetic acid‐aided visual inspection (VIA) and colposcopic‐directed biopsy miss small ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2, inflation of sensitivity of VIA may occur when colposcopic‐directed biopsy is the gold standard for ≥CIN 2. To determine whether such inflation occurs, we reviewed 375 women with ≥CIN 2 from the Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study II. These women had positive self or physician‐collected tests for high‐risk human papillomavirus or abnormal cervical cytology and had VIA followed by colposcopy with directed biopsy and endocervical curettage (ECC). If a cervical quadrant had no lesion, a random biopsy at the squamocolumnar junction within that quadrant was obtained. Sensitivity of colposcopic‐directed biopsy was higher for ≥CIN 2 involving 3–4 cervical quadrants (81.3%) than for ≥CIN 2 involving 0–2 quadrants (49.0%, p < 0.001). Sensitivities of VIA, cytology of ≥ASC‐US, ≥LSIL, and ≥HSIL were higher for ≥CIN 2 involving 3–4 quadrants than for ≥CIN 2 involving 0–2 quadrants. When a colposcopic‐directed biopsy gold standard was compared with that of a 5‐biopsy standard (which included ≥CIN 2 from colposcopic‐directed biopsy, random biopsy, or ECC), the sensitivity for ≥CIN 2 of VIA was inflated by 20.0% (65.9% vs. 45.9%, p < 0.001). Sensitivities of other screening tests were not affected. Similar inflation of sensitivity of VIA was found with an endpoint of ≥CIN 3 (70.4% vs. 52.0%, p = 0.0013). Inflation of sensitivity of VIA depended upon agreement between colposcopic‐directed biopsy and the screening tests as measured by kappa. Studies of VIA that used colposcopic‐directed biopsy as the gold standard require reevaluation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The REVEALS model, a new tool to estimate past regional plant abundance from pollen data in large lakes: validation in southern Sweden
Authors: Hellman Sofie , Gaillard Marie‐José , Broström Anna , Sugita Shinya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe REVEALS model was developed to reconstruct quantitatively regional vegetation abundance (in a 104–105 km2 area) from pollen assemblages in large lakes (≥100–500 ha). This model corrects for biases in pollen percentages caused by inter‐taxonomic differences in pollen productivity and dispersal. This paper presents the first case study to validate REVEALS, using empirical data from southern Sweden. Percentage cover of modern regional vegetation in Skåne and Småland, two contrasting vegetation regions, was predicted with REVEALS for 26 key taxa, using pollen assemblages from surface sediments in 10 large lakes, and compared to the actual vegetation within 104 km2 compiled from satellite data, forestry inventories, crop statistics, aerial photographs, and vegetation inventories. REVEALS works well in predicting the percentage cover of large vegetation units such as total trees (wooded land), total herbs (open land), total conifers and total broad‐leaved trees, and it provides reasonable estimates for individual taxa, including Pinus, Picea, Betula, Corylus, Alnus, Tilia, Salix spp., Juniperus, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Cerealia and Secale. The results show great potential for REVEALS applications, including (1) quantitative reconstructions of past regional land cover important for palaeoclimatology and nature conservation, and (2) local‐scale reconstruction of vegetation (<1 km2 up to ∼ 5 km2 area) relevant for palaeoecology and archaeology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass problems and almost everywhere domination
Authors: Simpson Stephen G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe examine the concept of almost everywhere domination from the viewpoint of mass problems. Let AED and MLR be the sets of reals which are almost everywhere dominating and Martin‐Löf random, respectively. Let b1, b2, and b3 be the degrees of unsolvability of the mass problems associated with AED, MLR × AED, and MLR ∩ AED, respectively. Let 𝒫w be the lattice of degrees of unsolvability of mass problems associated with nonempty Π01 subsets of 2ω . Let 1 and 0 be the top and bottom elements of 𝒫w . We show that inf(b1, 1), inf(b2, 1), and inf(b3, 1) belong to 𝒫w and 0 < inf(b1, 1) < inf(b2, 1) < inf(b3, 1) < 1. Under the natural embedding of the recursively enumerable Turing degrees into 𝒫w , we show that inf(b1, 1) and inf(b3, 1) but not inf(b2, 1) are comparable with some recursively enumerable Turing degrees other than 0 and 0′. In order to make this paper more self‐contained, we exposit the proofs of some recent theorems due to Hirschfeldt, Miller, Nies, and Stephan. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Degradation of Engineering Materials – Implications to Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J. , Lewandowska Małgorzata , Święszkowski Wojciech , Lewandowska‐Szumieł Małgorzata 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: Materials in general, to some degree are susceptible to environmental degradation. The degradation of biomaterials is one of the most relevant issues in the field of regenerative medicine. In industrial practice, the degradation is always a negative phenomenon. In bioengineering, the degradation may be undesirable (e.g. corrosion of metallic implants, wear of artificial joint implant) or desirable (biodegradable devices and tissue engineering). In both cases, the knowledge of the kinetics of degradation is crucial for safe use of biocomponents. The methods for predicting remaining life commonly used in industrial practice will be presented in the context of biomaterials. Non destructive techniques for monitoring degradation will be discussed and some ideas about their application to bio‐environments proposed.
Chemical Surface Modifications of Titanium Implants
Authors: Lewandowska Małgorzata , Włodkowska Monika , Olkowski Radosław , Roguska Agata , Polak Beata , Pisarek Marcin , Lewandowska‐Szumieł Małgorzata , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: In the present work, various surface modifications have been applied to titanium surface. The aim of the modifications was to improve cell adhesion and to determine their influence on the properties of titanium surface. The unmodified and modified surfaces were observed using SEM. Subtle changes in modified surface layer of titanium samples were examined using the Auger Electron Microanalysis and Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The properties of surfaces were evaluated by contact angle and roughness measurements. The results revealed large differences in morphology of Ti modified with different procedures whereas only minor differences in the chemistry of the surfaces were detected. Preliminary quantitative measurements (cell number, viability and differentiation) of the MG 63 osteoblast‐like cells in the direct contact with the surface of the investigated materials show that both the not pre‐treated titanium surface and the surfaces modified by the methods used in the this work are all well tolerated by the living cells. Within the experimental scatter all the surfaces provided good substrate for proliferation and growth of the cells.
Prospective study of positive factors for improvement of carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnant women
Authors: Mondelli Mauro , Rossi Stefania , Monti Elena , Aprile Irene , Caliandro Pietro , Pazzaglia Costanza , Romano Clara , Padua Luca 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluate differences between women with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and symptom onset in pregnancy (pregnancy cohort) and women with idiopathic CTS (control cohort) and to report changes in symptoms assessed by the Levine Boston Questionnaire (BQ) administered by phone 3 years after diagnosis. Forty‐five pregnant women with CTS (mean age 32 ± 3.9 years) and 90 age‐matched women with idiopathic CTS were consecutively enrolled. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings and abnormal transcarpal median nerve conduction. Univariate analysis showed that the pregnancy cohort had a shorter duration of symptoms, higher frequency of bilateral symptoms and non–blue‐collar workers, and lower clinical and electrophysiological severity evaluated by ordinal scales and BQ scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the pregnancy cohort had a probability of improvement of symptoms 3–4 times greater than the control cohort. The need for further treatment depended on BQ functional score; 50% of pregnant women had tolerable CTS symptoms and 85% did not require further treatment 3 years after diagnosis, whereas 72% of women in the control cohort did not require long‐term therapy. The probability of need for CTS treatment did not depend on the cohort, but only on the severity of hand disability. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Polytope finite elements
Authors: Milbradt P. , Pick T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, finite elements based on arbitrary convex and non‐convex polytopes are introduced. Polytopes in combination with natural element coordinates (NECs) permit a uniform element formulation of interpolation functions that are independent of the dimension of space, localization and the number of vertices. NECs based on the natural neighbor interpolation are restricted to the polytope and can be understood as an extension of the barycentric coordinates on simplexes. The differentiation and integration of these interpolation functions on the basis of NECs is essential for finite element approximations.The accuracy of the finite element interpolation or approximation can be controlled by either applying the h‐version or by utilizing the p‐version of the finite element method (FEM). Advantages in the handling of hanging nodes are discussed. Furthermore, we present construction methods for Lagrangian as well as for hierarchical interpolation functions based on NECs.Numerical experiments on different convex and non‐convex decompositions will show the usability,
accuracy and convergence of the developed polytope FEM. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical scheme for the solution of viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation
Authors: Momani Shaher , Erturk Vedat Suat 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we present a numerical scheme for the solution of viscous Cahn–Hilliard equation. The scheme is based on Adomian's decomposition approach and the solutions are calculated in the form of a convergent series with easily computable components. Some numerical examples are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2008