bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radikalische Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren in Gegenwart von Disulfiden, 1. Substanzpolymerisation von Styrol in Gegenwart linearer Disulfide
Authors: Hallensleben Manfred L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDie SS‐Bindung in Disulfiden wird beim Angriff eines Kohlenstoffradikals unter Bildung einer CS‐Bindung und eines Thiylradikals gespalten; Disulfide können daher als Regler bei der radikalischen Vinylpolymerisation verwendet werden. Während aliphatische Disulfide die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit nicht beeinflussen, wird diese durch aromatische Disulfide leicht herabgesetzt.
Radikalische Polymerisation von Vinylmonomeren in Gegenwart von Disulfiden, 2. Polymerisation von Styrol bzw. Methylmethacrylat in Gegenwart von Polydisulfiden
Authors: Hallensleben Manfred L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDurch radikalische Substanz‐ oder Lösungspolymerisation von Styrol oder Methylmethacrylat in Gegenwart polymerer Disulfide werden Copolymere gebildet, deren Zusammensetzung stark vom Umsatz abhängt. Die Copolymerbildung erfolgt durch eine Übertragung der wachsenden Vinylpolymerketten mit den polymeren Disulfiden unter SS Spaltung. Mit zunehmendem Umsatz entstehen daneben zunehmend reine Vinylpolymere.
Meromorphic symbolic structures for boundary value problems on manifolds with edges
Authors: De Donno G. , Schulze B.‐W. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe investigate the ideal of Green and Mellin operators with asymptotics for a manifold with edge‐corner singularities and boundary which belongs to the structure of parametrices of elliptic boundary value problems on a configuration with corners whose base manifolds have edges. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Equivalence of weak Dirichlet's principle, the method of weak solutions and Perron's method towards classical solutions of Dirichlet's problem for harmonic functions
Authors: Simader Christian G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFor boundary data ϕ ∈ W 1,2(G ) (where G ⊂ ℝN is a bounded domain) it is an easy exercise to prove the existence of weak L 2‐solutions to the Dirichlet problem “Δu = 0 in G, u |∂G = ϕ |∂G ”. By means of Weyl's Lemma it is readily seen that there is ũ ∈ C ∞(G ), Δũ = 0 and ũ = u a.e. in G . On the contrary it seems to be a complicated task even for this simple equation to prove continuity of ũ up to the boundary in a suitable domain if ϕ ∈ W 1,2(G ) ∩ C 0($ {\overline {G} } $). The purpose of this paper is to present an elementary proof of that fact in (classical) Dirichlet domains. Here the method of weak solutions (resp. Dirichlet's principle) is equivalent to the classical approaches (Poincaré's “sweeping‐out method”, Perron's method). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monte Carlo Simulations of the Morphologies and Conformations of Triblock Copolymer Thin Films
Authors: Huang Yongmin , Liu Honglai , Hu Ying 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: The morphologies and conformations of triblock copolymer (ABA and ABC) thin films confined between two identical walls were investigated by Monte Carlo simulation using bond length fluctuation and cavity diffusion algorithm on cubic lattice. Effects of the wall‐block interactions, copolymer chain composition and film thickness on morphologies, as well as on the fraction of chain “bridge” conformation fbridge are presented in detail. In ABA thin film, column, parallel, perforated and perpendicular lamellas were discriminated, furthermore, the transition of morphology and the variation of fbridge of ABA film along with the increase of thickness were revealed. In ABC thin film, lamella especially perpendicular lamella morphologies are predominant in varying the wall‐block interactions and the thickness. The results are consistent with some theoretical predictions such as DDFT and simulations reported in literature.Isodensity profile of A5B5A5 thin film.imageIsodensity profile of A5B5A5 thin film.
Effect of Intramolecular Transfer to Polymer on Stationary Free Radical Polymerization of Alkyl Acrylates, 2
Authors: Nikitin Anatoly N. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSummary: Procedures are developed to estimate kinetic rate coefficients from available rate data for the free radical solution polymerization of butyl acrylate at 50 °C. The analysis is based upon a complete mechanistic set that includes the formation of mid‐chain radicals through backbiting and their subsequent reaction, and contains no assumptions on how the rate coefficient for cross‐termination of mid‐chain and end‐chain radicals is related to the two homo‐termination rate coefficients. After a thorough statistical analysis, the results of the fitting are combined with other recent literature data to provide a complete set of individual rate coefficients for the butyl acrylate system. Monomer addition to a mid‐chain radical is estimated to be slower than addition to a chain‐end radical by a factor of more than 400. The termination of two mid‐chain radicals is estimated to be two orders of magnitude slower than termination of two end‐chain radicals, with the cross‐termination rate coefficient close to the geometric mean.Formation of a mid‐chain radical by intramolecular chain transfer to polymer by a chain‐end radical.imageFormation of a mid‐chain radical by intramolecular chain transfer to polymer by a chain‐end radical.
On the principles of limiting absorption and limit amplitude for a class of locally perturbed waveguides. Part 1: Time‐independent theory
Authors: Morgenröther K. , Werner P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLet Ω be a local perturbation of the n‐dimensional domain Ω0 = Ropf;n − 1 × (0, π). In a previous paper8 we have introduced the notion of an admissible standing wave. We shall prove that the principle of limiting absorption holds for the Dirichlet problem of the reduced wave equation in Ω at ω ≥ 0 if Ω does not allow admissible standing waves with frequency ω. From Reference 8, this condition is satisfied for every ω ≥ 0 if Ω ≠ Ω0, and v·x′ ≤ 0 on δΩ, where x′ = (x1,…, xn − 1, 0) and v is the normal unit vector on δΩ pointing into the complement of Ω. In contrast to this, the principle of limiting absorption is violated in the case of the unperturbed domain Ω0 at the frequencies ω = 1,2,… if n ≤ 3. The second part of our investigation, which will appear in a subsequent paper, is devoted to the principle of limit amplitude.
Numerical simulation of the separated fluid flows at large Reynolds numbers
Authors: Gushchin V. A. , Konshin V. N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe variety of flow regimes (steady separated, periodically separated‐‘Karman vortex street’, unsteady turbulent) and their characteristic peculiarities (separation and reattachment points, secondary separation, boundary layer, instability of the shear mixing layer, etc.) require the construction of effective numerical methods, which will be able to simulate adequately the considered flows.MERANGE  SMIF–a splitting method for physical factors of incompressible fluids1‐is used for calculations of the steady and unsteady fluid flows past a circular cylinder in a wide range of Reynolds numbers (10° < Re < lo6). The finite‐difference scheme for this method is of second order accuracy in the space variables, has minimal numerical viscosity and is also monotonic. Use of the Navier‐Stokes equations with the corresponding transformation of Cartesian co‐ordinates allows the calculations to be made by one algorithm both in a boundary layer and out of it. The method allows calculations at Re = ∞ cc and simulation of d‘Alembert’s paradox. Some results on the classical problem of the flow around a circular cylinder for a wide range of Reynolds numbers are discussed. The crisis of the total drag coefficient and the sharp rise of the Strouhal number are simulated numerically (without any turbulence models) for the critical Reynolds numbers (Re ≈ 4 × 105), and are in a good agreement with experimental data.
Higher‐order solutions of square driven cavity flow using a variable‐order multi‐grid method
Authors: Nishida Hidetoshi , Satofuka Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new higher‐order method is devised for the numerical simulation of square driven cavity flows. The spatial derivatives of the Navier‐Stokes equations are discretized by means of the modified differential quadrature (MDQ) method. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in time is then integrated by the classical fourth‐order Runge–Kutta–Gill (RKG) scheme. The elliptic (Poisson) equation is solved by means of a new variable‐order multi‐grid method. The numerical simulations of the square driven cavity flows are carried out with spatial order of accuracy up to 10th order. The results suggest that the higher‐order solutions are more reliable than the well‐known results obtained by Ghia et al.
On stable equal‐order finite element formulations for incompressible flow problems
Authors: Filho Jose Karam , Loula Abimael F. D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this work we discuss stable equal‐order finite element formulations for incompressible flow problems based on Petrov–Galerkin methods, constructed by adding to the classical Galerkin formulation least‐squares of the governing equations. Continuous and discontinuous pressure interpolations are considered. Numerical results are presented reinforcing the numerical analysis.
Semi‐implicit and explicit finite element schemes for coupled fluid/thermal problems
Authors: Ramaswamy B. , Jue T. C. , Akin J. E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA comparative investigation, based on a series of numerical tests, of two purely explicit and one semi‐implicit finite element methods used for incompressible flow computation is presented. The ‘segregated’ approach is followed and the equations of motion are considered sequentially. The fundamental concepts and characteristics of the formulations and the solution methodology used are described in technical detail. Various modifications to Chorin's projection algorithm are investigated, particularly with respect to their effects on stability and accuracy. The stability of the semi‐implicit method is shown to be less restrictive when compared to the explicit methods as the Reynolds number increases. At large time steps the artificial viscosity is also reduced and higher accuracy is obtained. The performance of the methods discussed in this paper is illustrated by the numerical solutions obtained for the cavity flow and flow past a rearward‐facing step problems at high Reynolds numbers, and free convection flow problem at high Rayleigh numbers. It is shown that the semi‐implicit method needs fewer iterations than the explicit methods, and the accuracy of the present methods is guaranteed by comparison with the existing methods.
Experimental paracetamol‐induced hepatic necrosis: A histopathological study
Authors: Dixon M. F. , Nimmo J. , Prescott L. F. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHEPATIC necrosis resulting from massive overdosage with paracetamol (N‐acetyl‐p‐aminophenol, acetaminophen, APAP) was first reported in rats by Boyd and Bereczky in 1966. A report of this complication in man soon followed (Davidson and Eastham, 1966) and a total of 12 such cases have now been reported (Thomson and Prescott, 1966; Maclean et at., 1968; Pimstone and Uys, 1968; Rose, 1969; Toghill et al., 1969). Whilst Boyd and Bereczky were mainly concerned with acute oral toxicity, they summarised the histopathological findings in a large number of tissues and gave a brief description of the histological changes in the liver. There has not been a detailed histopathological study of paracetamol‐induced liver necrosis, nor has the natural course of the lesion been adequately described. The main objective of the present study was to provide such information by examining the changes in the livers of rats killed at various intervals after administration of a single large dose of paracetamol.
An unusual lesion in the pig aorta
Authors: Woolf N. , Robertson W. B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSPONTANEOUS atherosclerosis in the pig corresponds in many respects to the human disease and has been well described by several authors (Gottlieb and Lalich, 1954; Jennings et al., 1961); the process of organisation of mural thrombus in the pig's blood vessels has also been recorded (Jørgensen et al., 1967; Woolf et al., 1968). The naturally occurring lesion we describe here does not appear to fall readily into either category; it has been noted in the pig aorta by other workers (Bragdon, Zeller and Stevenson, 1957; French, Jennings and Florey, 1965; Gupta, Tandon and Ramalingaswami, 1969).This lesion is, in our experience, confined to the thoracic aorta; it is small, 2–3 mm in diameter, round or oval, glistening and dome‐shaped; and as we thought it had the appearance of a droplet on a non‐wettable surface we have called it the “droplet lesion”.
Flow and cure phenomena in liquid composite molding
Authors: Kendall K. N. , Rudd C. D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLiquid molding processes including resin transfer molding (RTM) and structural reaction injection molding (SRIM) continue to attract attention due to their potential for high volume manufacture. This paper examines and compares the pressuare and temperature histories observed in mold cavities during impregnation, heating, and polymerization for both RTM and SRIM using polyester, vinyl ester, and polyurethane resins in combination with continuous strand mats. Experimental results are related to thermal, chemical and rheological effects. Factors which influence materials behavior and process control and the implications for mold design are discussed.
Influence of fiber length, fiber orientation, and interfacial adhesion on poly (butylene terephthalate)/polyethylene alloys reinforced with short glass fibers
Authors: Joshi M. , Maiti S. N. , Misra A. , Mittal R. K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBlends of poly(butylene terephthalate) and high density polyethylene at a ratio of 80:20 wt% were reinforced with short glass fibers varying from 10 to 30 wt% to enhance mechanical properties. Considerable fiber damage occurred during injection molding, reducing the number average fiber length from the starting value of 4.5 mm to < 1 mm. This value decreased with increasing fiber content, which is also responsible for lowering the reinforcement efficiency. The variation in mechanical properties has been explained on the basis of fiber concertration. The effect of an ionomer, which was used to compatibilize the blends, on properties of corresponding composites has also been studied.
Screw plasticating of discontinuous fiber filled thermoplastic: Mechanisms and prevention of fiber attrition
Authors: Wolf H. J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractProcessing of fiber compounds in single‐screw plasticating units can cause fiber fracture. Attempts have been made to obtain large residual fiber length in finished components. Therefore, pultrusion compounded materials for extrusion and injection molding have been developed. Pellets chopped from pultruded strands, containing perfectly wetted fibers of uniform length, eliminate the need for the mixing operation in an extrusion compounder. The attempt to preserve the initial fiber length during processing reised interest in the origin of fiber attrition and in optimized processing parameters. Based upon the knowledge that fiber length breakdown takes place mainly during the process of screw plasticating, extrusion trials have been carried out under varied conditions. Fiber length distrubutions and fiber movement within the cross sections of the screw channel along the screw axis have been investigated. It has been shown that screw speed. Pressure and barrel temperature profile, in dependence on screw geometry, show a distinct influence on the residual fiber length. This information provides a description of the prevailing fiber attrition mechanisms and helps define the most suitable hardware and the corresponding adjustment of process parameters to preserve large residual fiber length.
A systematic review of NSAIDs withdrawn from the market due to hepatotoxicity: lessons learned from the bromfenac experience
Authors: Goldkind Lawrence , Laine Loren 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDrug‐induced hepatotoxicity is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the US and the most common adverse event causing drug non‐approval and drug withdrawal by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Three different nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been withdrawn in the UK and/or the US due to hepatotoxicity (bromfenac, ibufenac, and benoxaprofen). A systematic review of clinical trials data for these drugs was performed in an effort to identify possible early signals that could have predicted post‐marketing serious hepatoxicity. There were very limited published data on benoxaprofen and none on ibufenac or bromfenac. The publicly accessible archives of the FDA provided information on bromfenac. Flu‐like symptoms associated with hepatic enzyme elevation and a case of possible drug‐related hepatocellular jaundice may in retrospect have been signals for serious hepatotoxicity in the database of 1195 subjects reviewed by the FDA. Following approval, rates of acute liver failure for bromfenac were estimated to be in the range of 1:10 000.In addition, the safety databases of several drugs also accessed through FDA archives have been reviewed (simvastatin, tacrine, troglitazone, and ximelagatran). These data suggest that while ALT elevations alone do not reliably signal serious hepatotoxicity, elevated transaminases in association with symptomatic hepatitis or jaundice may be predictors of an increased risk of ALF. At present, however, pre‐approval databases are generally not large enough to rule out low rates of serious hepatotoxicity. Therefore, it remains critical that clinicians report such cases to the FDA through the MEDWATCH system and that active post‐marketing monitoring studies be used to identify potential rare cases of hepatotoxicity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Achilles tendon rupture and its association with fluoroquinolone antibiotics and other potential risk factors in a managed care population
Authors: Seeger John D. , West William A. , Fife Daniel , Noel Gary J. , Johnson Larry N. , Walker Alexander M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundCase reports and observational studies have implicated fluoroquinolone antibiotic exposure as a risk factor for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), an uncommon condition for which there are few formal studies. We sought to quantify the strength of association between exposure to fluoroquinolone antibiotics and the occurrence of ATR, accounting for other risk factors.MethodsThis was a case‐control study nested within a health insurer cohort. Cases of ATR were identified and confirmed using patterns of health insurance claims that were validated through sampled medical record review. Information on risk factors, including fluoroquinolone exposure, came from health insurance claims.ResultsThere were 947 cases of ATR and 18 940 controls. A dispensing of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic in the past 6 months was more common among ATR cases than controls, although not significantly so (odds ratio (OR) = 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9–1.7), and exposure to a higher cumulative fluoroquinolone dose was more strongly associated (OR = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.0–2.3). Other risk factors for ATR were trauma (OR = 17.2, 95%CI = 14.0–20.2), male sex (OR = 3.0, 95%CI = 2.6–3.5), injected corticosteroid administration (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.6–2.9), obesity (OR = 2.0, 95%CI = 1.2–3.1), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.9, 95%CI = 1.0–3.7), skin or soft tissue infections (OR = 1.5, 95%CI = 0.9–2.3), oral corticosteroids (OR = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.0–1.8), and non‐fluoroquinolone antibiotics (OR = 1.2, 95%CI = 1.1–1.5).ConclusionsThe elevation in ATR risk associated with fluoroquinolones was similar in magnitude to that associated with oral corticosteroids or non‐fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Trauma and male sex were more strongly associated with ATR, as were obesity and injected corticosteroids. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outer membrane vesicles from group B Neisseria meningitidis Δgna33 mutant: Proteomic and immunological comparison with detergent‐derived outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Ferrari Germano , Garaguso Ignazio , Adu‐Bobie Jeannette , Doro Francesco , Taddei Anna Rita , Biolchi Alessia , Brunelli Brunella , Giuliani Marzia Monica , Pizza Mariagrazia , Norais Nathalie , Grandi Guido 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe compared the proteome of detergent‐derived group B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) outer membrane vesicles (DOMVs) with the proteome of outer membrane vesicles (m‐OMVs) spontaneously released into culture supernatant by MenB Δgna33, a mutant in which the gene coding for a lytic transglycosylase homologous to the E. coli MltA was deleted. In total, 138 proteins were identified in DOMVs by 1‐ and 2‐DE coupled with MS; 64% of these proteins belonged to the inner membrane and cytoplasmic compartments. By contrast, most of the 60 proteins of m‐OMVs were classified by PSORT as outer membrane proteins. When tested for their capacity to elicit bactericidal antibodies, m‐OMVs elicited a broad protective activity against a large panel of MenB strains. Therefore, the identification of mutations capable of conferring an OMV‐releasing phenotype in bacteria may represent an attractive approach to study bacterial membrane composition and organization, and to design new efficacious vaccine formulations.
Reduction of proteins during sample preparation and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of woody plant samples
Authors: Vâlcu Cristina‐Maria , Schlink Katja 
Published: February 2006

AbstractProtein extraction procedure and the reducing agent content (DTT, dithioerythritol, tributyl phosphine and tris (2‐carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP)) of the sample and rehydration buffers were optimised for European beech leaves and roots and Norway spruce needles. Optimal extraction was achieved with 100 mM DTT for leaves and needles and a mixture of 2 mM TCEP and 50 mM DTT for roots. Performing IEF in buffers containing hydroxyethyldisulphide significantly enhanced the quality of separation for all proteins except for acidic root proteins, which were optimally focused in the same buffer as extracted.
Proteomic and biochemical analyses of in vitro carcinogen‐induced lung cell transformation: Synergism between arsenic and benzo[a]pyrene
Authors: Lau Andy T. Y. , Chiu Jen‐Fu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractChronic coexposures to carcinogens inorganic arsenic and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are common in the living environment. However, little is known about their effects exerted at the proteome level. Our previous study in rat lung epithelial cells showed that cell transformation frequency increased by more than 100‐fold when arsenic was given in combination with B[a]P than cells either exposed to arsenic or B[a]P alone. This demonstrated a synergism between them. Here, we reported that alterations to the proteome varied and were more pronounced in the transformed cells that were exposed to a combination of arsenic and B[a]P than to B[a]P and much less to arsenic alone when compared to passage‐matched control cells. In general, three proteins belonging to intermediate filaments were found to be significantly down‐regulated and six proteins belonging to antioxidative stress‐, chaperone‐, and glycolytic proteins were up‐regulated in these transformed cells. These transformed cells were also associated with an increase of proliferation and de‐differentiation. Taken together, our findings suggest that although arsenic or B[a]P alone is sufficient to induce cell transformation and alter the proteome to a similar extent, the effects of coexposure are much more pronounced. This further substantiates the notion that these carcinogens act in concert during cocarcinogenesis.