bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospray Ion Beam Deposition of Clusters and Biomolecules
Authors: Rauschenbach Stephan , Stadler Frank L. , Lunedei Eugenio , Malinowski Nicola , Koltsov Sergej , Costantini Giovanni , Kern Klaus 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn ion beam source using electrospray ionization is presented for nondestructive vacuum deposition of mass‐selected large organic molecules and inorganic clusters. Electrospray ionization is used to create an ion beam from a solution containing the nanoparticles or molecules to be deposited. To form and guide the ion beam, radio frequency and electrostatic ion optics are utilized. The kinetic energy distribution of the particles is measured to control the beam formation and the landing process. The particle mass‐to‐charge ratio is analyzed by in situ time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. To demonstrate the performance of the setup, deposition experiments with gold nanoclusters and bovine serum albumin proteins on graphite surfaces were performed and analyzed by ex situ atomic force microscopy. The small gold clusters are found to form three‐dimensional agglomerations at the surface, preferentially decorating the step edges. In contrast, bovine serum albumin creates two‐dimensional fractal nanostructures on the substrate terraces due to strong intermolecular interactions.
Improving the recognition of depression in adolescence: Can we teach the teachers?
Authors: Moor Stephanie , Ann Maguire , Hester McQueen , Elisabeth Wells J. , Robert Elton , Robert Wrate , Caroline Blair 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of a schools‐based psychoeducational intervention designed to help teachers recognize the symptoms of clinical depression in their adolescent pupils. Around 151 teachers in eight high schools in Scotland, UK were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and all received training on depression. The ability of the experimental teachers to report which pupils were depressed was compared with the control group whose reporting task occurred before they had received training. The teachers were reporting on 2262 pupils who had been independently screened for clinical depression using a two‐stage screening procedure with the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ) and semi‐structured clinical interview (K‐SADS). Systematic evaluation showed that training teachers with this package did not improve their ability to recognize their depressed pupils. Recognizing depressive illness in adolescence is one of the main public health challenges for adolescent mental health services and this study adds to the growing literature on the difficulties in achieving this.
Down‐regulation of PARP‐1, but not of Ku80 or DNA‐PKcs, results in higher gene targeting efficiency
Authors: Domínguez‐Bendala Juan , Masutani Mitsuko , McWhir Jim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe viability of non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ)‐defective mice suggests that homologous recombination (HR) might take over its role in DNA repair. To test this hypothesis, we examined gene targeting frequencies (TF) in DNA‐PKcs, Ku80 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP‐1) nullizygous cells. We observed a 3‐fold TF increase in PARP‐1 knockout embryonic stem (ES) cells, which is consistent with the predicted role of PARP‐1 as a switch between HR and NHEJ. To a lesser extent, such effect could be reproduced upon chemical inhibition of PARP‐1. However, TF was not enhanced in Ku80‐ or DNA‐PKcs‐defective cells. Our study also suggests an unexpected involvement of DNA‐PKcs in HR.
Increased FITC fluorescence on LPS stimulated neutrophils cultured in whole blood
Authors: Wilkins R.C. , Bellier P.V. , Kutzner B.C. , McNamee J.P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecently, it has been observed that Annexin V labelling of phosphatidylserine (PS) on non‐apoptotic cells can vary in different leukocyte populations and with the activation of cells, due to differences in the absolute level of exposed PS. We have also observed changes in the absolute level of Annexin V‐FITC intensity, but under conditions where absolute PS expression did not change. In the present study, we have explored the effect of neutrophil cell activation on Annexin V‐FITC fluorescence intensity by comparing alternatively labelled matched antibodies against Annexin V. Human venous whole blood was cultured with and without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Apoptosis in the neutrophil and lymphocyte populations was analyzed by flow cytometry and the intensity of FITC labelling was compared to matched fluorochromes conjugated to the same cell surface markers. There was an increase in the intensity of Annexin V‐FITC in non‐apoptotic neutrophils when stimulated with LPS, which did not correlate with increased apoptosis. Furthermore, CD65‐FITC intensity also increased on activated neutrophils. Activated neutrophils exhibited higher amounts of FITC fluorescence that were not associated with changes in extracellular PS expression. This effect appears to be fluorochrome related, likely due to an increase in the pH surrounding activated neutrophils.
Previously known and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: A major risk indicator after a myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction☆
Authors: Køber Lars , Swedberg Karl , McMurray John J.V. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Velazquez Eric J. , Diaz Rafael , Maggioni Aldo P. , Mareev Viatcheslav , Opolski Grzegorz , Van de Werf Frans , Zannad Faiez , Ertl Georg , Solomon Scott D. , Zelenkofske Steven , Rouleau Jean‐Lucien , Leimberger Jeffrey D. , Califf Robert M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAimsTo characterize the relationship between known and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) and the risk of death and major cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by heart failure (HF) and/or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).MethodsThe VALIANT trial enrolled 14,703 individuals with acute MI complicated by HF and/or LVSD. AF was assessed at presentation and at randomization (median 4.9 days after symptom onset). Primary outcomes were risk of death and major CV events 3 years following acute MI.ResultsA total of 1812 with current AF (AF between presentation and randomization), 339 patients with prior AF (history of AF without current AF), and 12,509 without AF were enrolled. Patients with AF were older; had more prior HF, angina, and MI, and received beta‐blockers and thrombolytics less often than those without AF. Three‐year mortality estimates were 20% in those without AF, 37% with current AF, and 38% with prior AF. Compared with patients without AF, the multivariable adjusted HR of death was 1.25 (1.03–1.52; p = 0.03) for prior AF and 1.32 (1.20–1.45; p < 0.0001) for current AF. HR for major CV events was 1.15 (0.98–1.35; p = 0.08) and 1.21 (1.12–1.31; p < 0.0001).ConclusionAF is associated with greater long‐term mortality and adverse CV events with acute MI complicated by HF or LVSD.
Evaluation of eplerenone in the subgroup of EPHESUS patients with baseline left ventricular ejection fraction ≤30%
Authors: Pitt Bertram , Gheorghiade Mihai , Zannad Faiez , Anderson Jeffrey L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Parkhomenko Alexander , Corbalan Ramon , Klug Eric Q. , Mukherjee Robin , Solomon Henry ,   On behalf of the EPHESUS Investigators
Published: March 2006

AbstractAims:Because of the prognostic importance of LV dysfunction following an AMI and the increasing use of electrical and/or mechanical interventions in patients with LV systolic dysfunction, this retrospective analysis of EPHESUS patients with LVEF ≤30% at baseline was conducted to determine the value of eplerenone in this setting.Methods and Results:In EPHESUS, 6632 patients with LVEF ≤40% and clinical heart failure (HF) post‐AMI who were receiving standard therapy were randomized to eplerenone 25 mg/day titrated to 50 mg/day or placebo for a mean follow‐up of 16 months. Treatment with eplerenone in the subgroup of patients with LVEF ≤30% (N=2106) resulted in relative risk reductions of 21% versus placebo in both all‐cause mortality (P=0.012) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality/CV hospitalization (P=0.001), and 23% for CV mortality (P=0.008). The relative risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) was reduced 33% (P=0.01) and HF mortality/HF hospitalization was reduced 25% (P=0.005) with eplerenone compared with placebo. Within 30 days of randomization, eplerenone resulted in relative risk reductions of 43% for all‐cause mortality (P=0.002), 29% for CV mortality/CV hospitalization (P=0.006), and 58% for SCD (P=0.008).Conclusions:Treatment with eplerenone plus standard therapy in patients with post‐AMI HF and LVEF ≤30% provided significant incremental benefits in reducing both early and late mortality and morbidity.
Cardiac resynchronisation for patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction — a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Freemantle N. , Tharmanathan P. , Calvert M.J. , Abraham W.T. , Ghosh J. , Cleland J.G.F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground:Randomised controlled trials generally suggest that cardiac resynchronisation improves outcomes in patients with heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and cardiac dyssynchrony. Our objective was to provide a valid synthesis of the effects of CRT on mortality, major morbidity, quality of life and implantation success rates.Methods:Systematic overview and meta‐analysis of randomised trials, both blinded and open, comparing cardiac resynchronisation with control. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included hospitalisation for worsening heart failure, quality of life and implantation success rates.Results:We identified 8 randomised trials which included 3380 patients and observed a total of 524 deaths. Follow‐up ranged from 1 month to a mean of 29.4 months. Most trials were of high quality, with centrally administered randomisation and few patients lost to follow‐up. CRT reduced mortality in these trials (odds ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.88). In addition CRT reduced hospitalisation for worsening heart failure (odds ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.68) and improved quality of life as measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (weighted mean difference −7.1, 95% CI −2.9 to −11.4). Implantation success rates in the trials were 87% or greater.Conclusion:Cardiac resynchronisation in patients with heart failure characterised by dyssynchrony substantially reduces all‐cause mortality, major morbidity and improves quality of life.
Density-dependent distribution of demersal juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland
Authors: Robichaud David , Rose George A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Age 0 cod (Gadus morhua) were surveyed with beach-seines monthly from September to December, 1997–1999, at sites located throughout Placentia Bay, Newfoundland. Catch rates (densities) varied annually, being highest in 1998 (7 fish per sample) and lowest in 1997 (<1). Each year, fish size and density increased from September to November, as expected from a stock that tends to produce a single cohort spawned in April/May. However, in December the expected larger fish were absent, and the presence of smaller cod suggested a later cohort (July spawning). Large-scale spatial patterns also persisted among years, with densities consistently higher in the inner bay and on the western side, and lower on the eastern side. The rank of the sites from greatest to lowest density of age 0 cod remained fairly consistent among years. In a comparison of all 12 sampling events, the proportion of sites occupied by cod was strongly and positively correlated with the total number caught (r2 = 0.95). These observations suggested a density-dependent range expansion not previously reported for age 0 cod.
Flexor Tendon Repair in “No Man's Land” An Experimental Study
Authors: Moscona A. R. , Sekel R. , Owen E. R. 
Published: March 2006

Twenty-five fingers of seven monkeys were used for an experimental study of a new concept of flexor tendon repair in “No Man's Land”. Microsurgical aids were used to shift distally a sleeve of healthy flexor tendon sheath to cover the site of the repaired flexor tendon. There was a low success rate due to technical difficulties in the immobilisation of the monkey fingers. Where the finger was successfully immobilised the results were encouraging.
Primary Repair Of Flexor Tendons Within The Digital Theca Of The Hand
Authors: Pho R. W. H. , Sanguin Rimando , Chacha P. B. 
Published: March 2006

summaryThe results of primary repair of the flexor tendons within the digital theca of the hand in twenty-three fingers have been very encouraging. Eighty-seven percent of the fingers had excellent to good results. Primary tenorrhapy by the technique described in selected cases offers the patient a shorter period of disablement with functional results as good or even better than those after a free tendon graft.
Three-Dimensional Architecture of Blood Vessels Of Tendons Demonstrated by Corrosion Casts
Authors: Takasugi Hitoshi , Akahori Osamu , Nishihara Kenji , Tada Kanya 
Published: March 2006

Summary Three-dimensional observation of the microcirculation of the tendon was readily and clearly demonstrated by preparing methyl methacrylate casts and observing them under the scanning electron microscope. In the muscles blood vessels made a network like a ladder surrounding every muscle fibre. The fibrous digital sheath had blood vessels made in a fine meshed cylinder. By microdissection of the vessels of the sheath the blood vessels of the vinculae and tendons were observed stereoscopically in relation to the peritendinous tissues. The casting method contributes to better understanding of vascular architecture of tendons.
Reconstruction Of The Digital Tendon-Sheath In “No-Man'S” Land With Autologous Transplanted Vein-Graft
Authors: Forgon Mihály , Bíró Vilmos 
Published: March 2006

summary A two-stage procedure is described for severely damaged flexor tendons in “no man's land”. In the first stage the damaged tendons and scarred tendon sheath are excised and a segment of the saphenous vein, cannulated by a silicone rubber rod is transplanted into the tendon bed. In the second stage the silicone-rod is replaced by a free transplanted tendon. The endothelial lining of the vein is a guarantee of a good gliding surface and an obstacle to adhesion formation, and so it ensures good function. A review of the method and a survey of thirty-nine cases are presented.
Primary Repair Of Flexor Tendons In The Hand Without Immobilisation – Preliminary Report
Authors: Becker Hilton 
Published: March 2006

summary A new approach to the problem of flexor tendon repair within the fibro-osseous canal is presented. Using a technique of bevelling the tendon ends and suturing with a fine suture material, under magnification, a sufficiently strong junction is obtained, which enables immediate active mobilisation without strangulation of the blood supply. The junction can resist gap formation up to tensions of 4 Kg. It is postulated that under these conditions tendon nutrition is minimally interfered with, adhesions do not form, and the tendon heals by its own intrinsic healing ability.
Avulsion Of The Ring Finger Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon: An Experimental Study
Authors: Manske Paul R. , Lesker Peggy A. 
Published: March 2006

Summary The results of an experimental study of the breaking strength of the tendon-bone junction of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon in cadaver specimens indicates a significantly weaker insertion of the ring finger compared to the middle finger. This explains in part the more frequent occurrence of avulsion of the ring finger profundus tendon as observed clinically.
Long-Term Results Of Ulnar To Median Nerve Pedicle Grafts
Authors: Alpar E. K. , Brooks D. M. 
Published: March 2006

Summary Nerve pedicle grafts in the upper limb were performed on nine patients with Volkmann's Ischaemia. Long-term follow-up of three cases has shown that the results of this operation are successful. Sensory and motor recovery of the median nerve occurs and consequently useful hand function is regained. Since Volkmann's Ischaemic contracture is not rare in developing countries, this operation should be the treatment of choice when the median and ulnar nerves have been damaged beyond hope of recovery.
The Conservative Treatment Of The Swan-Neck Deformity In The Rheumatoid Hand
Authors: Besser M. I. B. 
Published: March 2006

Summary A technique is described to correct rheumatoid Swan-Neck deformity in those patients where there is limited proximal interphalangeal joint flexion in all positions. It involves the manipulation of these joints and their temporary immobilisation with Kirschner wires followed by mobilisation using an elastic band method.
The Use of the Flatt Hinge Prosthesis in the Rheumatoid Thumb
Authors: Ferlic Donald C. , Serot Donald I. , Clayton Mack L. 
Published: March 2006

Summary Nine patients with marked destruction in both the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb, were treated with fusion of the interphalangeal joint and insertion of the Flatt hinged metal prosthesis into the metacarpophalangeal joint. Of the nine thumbs treated in this manner, eight had good to excellent results. One prosthesis was removed after it became infected, leaving both joints fused.
Syndactyly And Split Hand. Supplement
Authors: Miura Takayuki 
Published: March 2006

Summary In a series of studies of clinical and radiological features of hand anomalies, the author has recently encountered cases which may be explained by reference to the relationship between syndactyly and split hand. These cases suggested how the typical split hand is formed prenatally, and it is concluded that the typical split hand should not be classed as “Arrest of Development of Parts” due to embryonal failures.
The Pattern of Hand Injury Sustained in the Overturning Motor Vehicle
Authors: Mehrotra Onkar N. , Crabb David J. M. 
Published: March 2006

This is a review of six patients presenting with severe injuries of the dorsum of the hand following motor vehicle accidents. In each case the injury was sustained by the hand being trapped between the road and the overturning vehicle. The injured hands were either outside the window or passed through the open window at the time of the accident. These injuries were all sustained during the summer months.
The Gillies’ Thumb Lengthening Operation
Authors: Reid D. A. Campbell 
Published: March 2006

The standard Gillies’ thumb-stall operation is a most successful method of lengthening a thumb which has been lost in the region of the metacarpophalangeal joint and where all four fingers are intact. Pollicisation is not considered justifiable in such a case. The method achieves a result in a one-stage procedure and provides a strong, useful thumb although of limited length. Should a deeper thumb/index web be required, this may readily be achieved by a Z-plasty, although this has rarely been found necessary. Sensation on the tactile surface is good. We consider this is due to the fact that the median nerve supply over the palmar aspect of the thumb is left intact. Normal sensation has been demonstrated over the volar surface of the thumb at an early stage following operation. The cosmetic appearance would, generally speaking, not be acceptable in a female patient and an alternative method has usually been used viz., tubed pedicle, bone graft and island flap. Free transfer of the second toe has given good cosmetic results and has been described by Gilbert and Tubiana (1979) and le Quang (1979). A working man, however, readily accepts the cosmetic result particularly when taken in conjunction with a relatively short rehabilitation period.
Treatment of Partial Tendon Lacerations
Authors: Wray R. Christie , Weeks Paul M. 
Published: March 2006

We treated twenty six patients with thirty four partial tendon lacerations by not suturing the tendons and by early mobilization of the digit. These partial tendon lacerations varied from 25 to 95 per cent of the cross sectional area. The mean and median cross-sectional area lacerated was 60 per cent. Twenty three of these patients obtained excellent function, one patient obtained good to excellent function and one patient obtained fair function. One patient was lost to follow-up. No tendon ruptured but one patient did develop trigger finger which spontaneously resolved. Partial flexor tendon lacerations should not be repaired and early active motion should be used if bevelling of the laceration is not present. Bevelled partial tendon lacerations of less than twenty five per cent of the cross sectional area can be either excised or repaired with a simple interrupted suture. If greater than twenty five per cent of the cross-sectional area is lacerated and bevelled, the laceration should be repaired with a few simple sutures. Regardless of the treatment of the tendon early active motion is necessary.
Avascular Necrosis of the Capitate and Dorsal Dorsi-Flexion Instability
Authors: Newman John H. , Watt Iain 
Published: March 2006

Avascular necrosis of the proximal part of the capitate is very rare and usually is secondary to a fracture of the waist in association with a scaphoid fracture — the naviculocapitate syndrome. A case is presented in which partial avascular necrosis of the capitate occurred in association with bilateral dorsal dorsi-flexion instability. The authors suggest that this phenomenon represents a form of the naviculocapitate syndrome in which ligamentous laxity altered the line of failure, thus sparing the scaphoid from fracture.
Funicular Orientation by Electrical Stimulation and Internal Neurolysis in Peripheral Nerve Suture
Authors: Nakatsuchi Yukio , Matsui Takeshi , Handa Yasunobu 
Published: March 2006

Eleven peripheral nerve lacerations around the wrists of ten patients were treated with funicular suture or nerve graft. In three freshly lacerated nerves funicular orientation could be made only by electrical stimulation to both cut ends. The electrophysiological method was also utilised to obtain funicular orientation of a proximal stump in eight old nerve lacerations. However, funicular orientation of the distal stump of old lacerations, which was not responsive to electrical stimulation, was performed anatomically by internal neurolysis from a terminal branching area up to a distal stump. By six months after the operation, motor and sensory functions of the patients with funicular suture had recovered to an excellent degree with rapid reinnervation.
Experience with Arthrography of the First Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: Stothard J. , Caird D. M. 
Published: March 2006

Arthrography of the first metacarpophalangeal joint at various times after trauma involving suspected rupture of the joint capsule or collateral ligaments has been performed since 1975 and the first four and a half years experience is reviewed. More variations in arthrogram appearance were found than previously reported and the appearance recorded elsewhere as being typical of a Stener lesion was not seen in the forty-one arthrograms examined. The selection of patients for surgery produced satisfactory results subjectively and objectively and the arthrographic appearance agreed with the operative findings up to twenty-one days after injury. Some patients were saved from unnecessary surgery by arthrography.
Tendon Transfer for Intrinsic-Muscle Paralysis of the Thumb in Charcot-Marie Tooth Neuropathy
Authors: Michelinakis E. , Vourexakis H. 
Published: March 2006

Five patients with loss of thumb opposition due to atrophy of the thenar muscles from Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy have been operated on. Opposition was restored by transfer of the flexor superficialis tendon from the ring finger to the thumb, using the proximal part of the flexor retinaculum as a pulley.