bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common modes of ERK induction resolve into context specific signalling via a combination of signal duration and cell type specific transcriptional repression
Authors: Perera Marta , Brickman Joshua M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signalling via ERK exerts diverse roles in development and disease. In mammalian preimplantation embryos and naïve pluripotent stem cells ERK promotes differentiation, whereas in primed pluripotent states closer to somatic differentiation ERK sustains self-renewal. How can the same pathway produce different outcomes in two related cell types? To explore context-dependent ERK signalling in embryonic development and differentiation we generated cell and mouse lines that allow for tissue- and time-specific cell intrinsic ERK activation. Using these tools, we find variations in response to ERK are mostly mediated by repression of transcriptional targets that occur in tandem with reductions in chromatin accessibility at regulatory regions. Furthermore, immediate early ERK responses are largely shared by different cell types, but become refined producing cell-specific programs as increasing durations of signalling interface with cell specific gene regulatory networks. Induction in naïve pluripotency is accompanied by chromatin changes, whereas in later stages it is not, suggesting that chromatin context doesn’t shape signalling response. Altogether, our data suggest that cell-type specific responses to ERK signalling exploit the same immediate early response, but then sculpt it to specific lineages via repression of distinct cellular programs and downstream indirect stimulation of available enhancer networks.
Steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis and fungal tolerance are regulated by ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, SlHY5, in tomato
Authors: Sinha Hiteshwari , Kumar Ravi Shankar , Datta Tapasya , Singh Deeksha , Srivastava Suchi , Trivedi Prabodh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTTomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) is one of the highest consumable fruit crops, rich in nutrients, and has been an important target for enhancing the accumulation of various metabolites. Tomato also contains cholesterol-derived molecules, steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), which contribute to pathogen defence but are toxic to humans and considered anti-nutritional compounds. Previous studies suggest the role of various transcription factors in SGA biosynthesis; however, the role of light and associated regulatory factors has not been studied in tomatoes. Here, we demonstrated that SGA biosynthesis is regulated by light through the ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 homolog, SlHY5, by binding to light-responsive G-boxes present in the promoters of the structural and regulatory genes. Our analysis suggests that SlHY5 could complement theArabidopsis thalianaandNicotiana tabacum, hy5mutants at molecular, morphological, and biochemical levels. We report the development of CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout mutant plants of tomato,slhy5CR, and show down-regulation of the SGA and phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to a significant reduction in SGA (α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine) and flavonol contents, whereas SlHY5 overexpression (SlHY5OX) plants show opposite effect. An enhanced SGA and flavonol levels in SlHY5OX lines provided tolerance againstAlternaria solanifungus, whileSlHY5CRwas susceptible to the pathogen. This study advances our understanding of the HY5-dependent light-regulated biosynthesis of SGAs and flavonoids and their role in biotic stress in tomatoes.One Sentence SummaryLight-associated transcription factor, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5, regulates biosynthesis of anti-nutrient molecules, steroidal glycoalkaloids, and fungal tolerance in tomato
SUMO Promotes DNA Repair Protein Collaboration to Support Alterative Telomere Lengthening in the Absence of PML
Authors: Zhao Rongwei , Xu Meng , Wondisford Anne R. , Lackner Rachel M. , Salsman Jayme , Dellaire Graham , Chenoweth David M. , O’Sullivan Roderick J. , Zhao Xiaolan , Zhang Huaiying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway maintains telomeres in a significant fraction of cancers associated with poor clinical outcomes. A better understanding of ALT mechanisms can provide a basis for developing new treatment strategies for ALT cancers. SUMO modification of telomere proteins plays a critical role in the formation of ALT telomere-associated PML bodies (APBs), where telomeres are clustered and DNA repair proteins are enriched to promote homology-directed telomere DNA synthesis in ALT. However, whether and how SUMO contributes to ALT beyond APB formation remains elusive. Here, we report that SUMO promotes collaboration among DNA repair proteins to achieve APB-independent telomere maintenance. By using ALT cancer cells with PML protein knocked out and thus devoid of APBs, we show that sumoylation is required for manifesting ALT features, including telomere clustering and telomeric DNA synthesis, independent of PML and APBs. Further, small molecule-induced telomere targeting of SUMO produces signatures of phase separation and ALT features in PML null cells in a manner depending on both sumoylation and SUMO interaction with SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs). Mechanistically, SUMO-induced effects are linked to the enrichment of DNA repair proteins, including Rad52, Rad51AP1, and BLM, to the SUMO-containing telomere foci. Finally, we find that Rad52 can undergo phase separation, enrich SUMO on telomeres, and promote telomere DNA synthesis in collaboration with the BLM helicase in a SUMO-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings suggest that, in addition to forming APBs, SUMO also promotes collaboration among DNA repair proteins to support telomere maintenance in ALT cells. Given the promising effects of sumoylation inhibitors in cancer treatment, our findings suggest their potential use in perturbing telomere maintenance in ALT cancer cells.
Experimental characterization of the optical klystron effect to measure the intrinsic energy spread of high-brightness electron beams
Authors: Prat Eduard , Kittel Christoph , Calvi Marco , Craievich Paolo , Dijkstal Philipp , Reiche Sven , Schietinger Thomas , Wang Guanglei 
Published: March 2024

The intrinsic energy spread of electron beams needs to be measured to characterize and optimize high-brightness electron beam sources such as those driving x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). We demonstrate the use of the optical klystron effect as a precise and high-resolution method to measure the electron beam energy spread. The optical klystron setup consists of undulator modules and magnetic chicanes placed between them. The energy spread is found by measuring the radiation power produced in the undulators as a function of the chicanes’ strengths. High resolution and simplicity are the advantages of this approach, in contrast to the standard method, which measures the longitudinal phase space of the electron beam with a transverse deflector. The demonstration was performed at Athos, the soft x-ray FEL beamline of SwissFEL, for which we measured energy spreads below 1 MeV at a central beam energy of 3.4 GeV. We have verified the consistency of the method for different parameters (radiation wavelengths, undulator polarization configurations, and electron bunch durations) and we have benchmarked it against the standard measurement approach using a transverse deflector. Our results confirm the optical klystron as a valid approach to measure the electron beam energy spread. The method can be especially useful to reconstruct low energy spread values, where the conventional approach may be resolution limited, such as in ultra high-brightness radiofrequency photoinjectors or plasma sources, or when transverse deflectors are not available.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Correlation functions for the
N*(1535)
and the inverse problem
Authors: Molina Raquel , Xiao Chu-Wen , Liang Wei-Hong , Oset Eulogio 
Published: March 2024

The N*(1535) can be dynamically generated in the chiral unitary approach with the coupled channels, K0Σ+,K+Σ0,K+Λ, and ηp. In this work, we evaluate the correlation functions for every channel and face the inverse problem. Assuming the correlation functions to correspond to real measurements, we conduct a fit to the data within a general framework in order to extract the information contained in these correlation functions. The bootstrap method is used to determine the uncertainties of the different observables, and we find that, assuming errors of the same order than in present measurements of correlation functions, one can determine the scattering length and effective range of all channels with a very good accuracy. Most remarkable is the fact that the method predicts the existence of a bound state of isospin 12 nature around the mass of the N*(1535) with an accuracy of 6 MeV. These results should encourage the actual measurement of these correlation functions (only the K+Λ one is measured so far), which can shed valuable light on the relationship of the N*(1535) state to these coupled channels, a subject of continuous debate.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Searches for axionlike particles via
γγ
fusion at future
e+e−
colliders
Authors: Teles Patricia Rebello , d’Enterria David , Gonçalves Victor P. , Martins Daniel E. 
Published: March 2024

Opportunities for searches for axionlike particles (ALPs) coupling to photons in e+e− collisions at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) and International Linear Collider (ILC) are investigated. We perform a study of the photon-fusion production of ALPs decaying into two photons, e+e−→γγe+a(γγ)e−, over the light-by-light continuum background, for the planned FCC-ee and ILC center-of-mass energies and integrated luminosities. An analysis of the feasibility measurements is presented using parametrized simulations for two types of detectors. Upper limits at 95% confidence level (C.L.) on the cross section for ALP production, σ(γγ→a→γγ), and on the ALP-photon coupling are obtained over the ma≈0.1–1000  GeV ALP mass range, and compared to current and future collider searches. Production cross sections down to σ(γγ→a→γγ)≈1  fb (1 ab) will be probed at ma≈1 (300) GeV, corresponding to constraints on the axion-photon coupling as low as gaγγ≈2×10−3  TeV−1.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Opposite Effects of the Rotational and Translational Energy on the Rates of Ion-Molecule Reactions near 0 K: The
D2++NH3
and
D2++ND3
Reactions
Authors: Hahn Raphaël , Schlander David , Zhelyazkova Valentina , Merkt Frédéric 
Published: March 2024

The ion-molecule reactions D2++NH3 and D2++ND3 are studied at low collision energies (Ecoll from zero to approximately kB×50  K), with the D2+ ions in the ground rovibrational state and for different rotational temperatures of the ammonia molecules, using the Rydberg-Stark merged-beam approach. Two different rotational temperatures (approximately 15 K and approximately 40 K), measured by (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton-ionization spectroscopy, are obtained by using a seeded supersonic expansion in He and a pure ammonia expansion, respectively. The experimental data reveal a strong enhancement of the rate coefficients at the lowest collision energies caused by the charge-dipole interaction. Calculations based on a rotationally adiabatic capture model accurately reproduce the observed kinetic-energy dependence of the rate coefficients. The rate coefficients increase with increasing rotational temperature of the ammonia molecules, which contradicts the expectation that rotational excitation should average the dipoles out. Moreover, these reactions exhibit a pronounced inverse kinetic isotope effect. The difference is caused by nuclear-spin-statistical factors and the smaller rotational constants and tunneling splittings in ND3.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Twitter as a counter-storytelling site for students of Color working to abolish the police
Authors: Farrington Re'Nyqua 
Published: March 2024

PurposeGiven the historical legacy of policing Black bodies, this research focuses on the structures of anti-Blackness within school policing and the strategies students of Color activists use as they work to defund or abolish police departments in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD).Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, this article looks to Twitter as a counter-storytelling space for students of Color activists to organize and build movements to end anti-Black school policing. Through the frameworks of critical race theory (CRT) and Black critical theory (BlackCrit), this research applies inductive coding to analyze 42 Twitter posts from three students of Color-led organizations based in Los Angeles.FindingsThis document analysis presents four themes, which describe four dominant strategies students of Color activists use in their campaigns to defund or abolish school police in the LAUSD: (1) centering Blackness and Black student experiences, (2) making demands for the elimination of funding and support for school police, (3) calling for a shift in funding to support Black students and (4) employing multiple tactics concurrently.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings demonstrate the importance of developing and centering a critical understanding of anti-Blackness to achieve racial and educational justice within social movements.Originality/valueMoreover, the demands of students of Color activists reflect visions of public schools free from anti-Black school policing.
Piston-like particle jamming for enhanced stiffness adjustment of soft robotic arm
Authors: Wang Tianlei , Ding Fei , Sun Zhenxing 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Stiffness adjusting ability is essential for soft robotic arms to perform complex tasks. A soft state enables dexterous operation and safe interaction, while a rigid state enables large force output or heavy weight carrying. However, making a compact integration of soft actuators with powerful stiffness adjusting mechanisms is challenging. This study aims to develop a piston-like particle jamming mechanism for enhanced stiffness adjustment of a soft robotic arm.

Design/methodology/approach
The arm has two pairs of differential tendons for spatial bending, and a jamming core consists of four jamming units with particles sealed inside braided tubes for stiffness adjustment. The jamming core is pushed and pulled smoothly along the tendons by a piston, which is then driven by a motor and a ball screw mechanism.

Findings
The tip displacement of the arm under 150 N jamming force and no more than 0.3 kg load is minimal. The maximum stiffening ratio measured in the experiment under 150 N jamming force is up to 6–25 depends on the bending direction and added load of the arm, which is superior to most of the vacuum powered jamming method.

Originality/value
The proposed robotic arm makes an innovative compact integration of tendon-driven robotic arm and motor-driven piston-like particle jamming mechanism. The jamming force is much larger compared to conventional vacuum-powered systems and results in a superior stiffening ability.
Do institutional pillars support or harm entrepreneurship and economic growth? A systematic review
Authors: Raimi Lukman , Bamiro Nurudeen Babatunde , Haini Hazwan 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe relationships among institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth are hotly contested topics. The objective of this present study is to conduct a systematic literature review aimed at comprehensively assessing the relationships between institutional pillars, entrepreneurship and economic growth.Design/methodology/approachSpecifically, a comprehensive analysis of 141 empirical publications was carried out using the PRISMA protocol. The reviewed publications were taken from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Thirty-three articles that met the eligibility criteria of quality, relevance and timeliness of the publications were included in the the study.FindingsThree key lessons emerged from the review. First, it was discovered that entrepreneurship and economic growth are influenced by three institutional pillars at various levels, including the regulatory, cognitive and normative pillars. Second, according to the type of institutional quality, the institutional pillars in a causal framework have a good or negative impact on entrepreneurship. Third, novel enterprise creation, self-employment, citizen employment, poverty alleviation, radical innovation, formalization of the informal sector, promotion of competition in existing and new markets, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and the emergence of new business models that significantly improve quality of life.Originality/valueThe study proposes a conceptual framework for further exploring this important relationship based on solid empirical evidence. By providing a theoretically grounded framework, the paper fills the gaps in the literature and helps to clarify the relationship between institutional foundations, entrepreneurship and economic progress.
Functional traits are more strongly correlated with biomass than diameter growth
Authors: Bin Yue , Russo Sabrina E. , Zhang Jiantan , Li Yanpeng , Cao Honglin , Ye Wanhui , Lian Juyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The functional basis of tree growth is often evaluated based on trunk diameter even though diameter is only one dimension of growth that may not be an integrative measure of resource allocation.

We tested the hypothesis that growth—functional trait relationships are stronger when key sources of variation in tree growth are also accounted for, namely tree height and DBH, as well as size‐related variation in wood density and seed production using data from 3881 trees of 24 species in a subtropical forest using ordinary least square regression and standard major axis regression.

Wood density varied with tree size for 14 of 24 species, generally increasing with size. For 18 of 24 species, the correlations of leaf mass per area and an index of photosynthetic investment (PI) with biomass growth was stronger than with diameter growth rate. Juveniles did not show stronger relationships than adults but biomass growth adding up with seed production showed stronger relationships with PI than biomass growth alone for three of eight species.

Synthesis. Thus, our study helps resolve a paradox of trait‐based ecology, that is, weak growth—trait relationships, as stronger relationships emerged when accounting for more sources of intraspecific, among‐tree variation in resource allocation.
Investigating Crowdfunding Campaign Value Capture Strategy from the Consumer‐based Perspective
Authors: Zhao Liang , Sun Zhe , Hajli Nick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKnowledge about whether entrepreneurs’ backer‐oriented actions help facilitate successful fundraising, and the mechanism behind it, is still limited. This study aims to mitigate this gap by exploring reward‐based crowdfunding success through the consumer‐based perspective (CBP). Using the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), we investigate how entrepreneurs’ backer‐oriented behaviour influences potential backers’ information processing and changes their attitude towards campaigns. By analysing a unique dataset collected from China's largest reward‐based crowdfunding platform, our empirical results demonstrate that an entrepreneur's backer‐oriented behaviour and strength are positively associated with reward‐based crowdfunding success. This paper provides a new angle to investigate reward‐based crowdfunding success, emphasizing the importance of CBP during the fundraising stage. In addition to high‐quality campaign content, entrepreneurs’ backer‐oriented actions, such as answering questions and providing elaborate answers, are crucial in facilitating fundraising. The implications for future theory development, empirical research and crowdfunding practitioners are discussed.
Female school leadership in the United Arab Emirates: Validation of a ‘heuristic’ inclusive education leadership model
Authors: Alnuaimi Aysha , Opoku Maxwell Peprah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInclusive education has been widely accepted as a useful policy to offer equal access to education to all children. However, practices have stalled in many countries, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), necessitating support for system strengthening to enhance the existing practices in schools. While leadership is at the heart of effective practices, there is little discussion on the leadership required to leverage inclusive practices. In the UAE, little information is available regarding inclusive education leadership at early school levels, which is dominated by female teachers. This study examined the structural validity of the heuristic leadership framework, which focuses on leadership tenets (transaction, transformation and instruction) controlled by school leaders, to explain female leadership practices in the implementation of inclusive education in early education schools in the UAE. A scale based on the study framework (heuristics leadership framework) was used to collect data from 151 school leaders, including principals, vice principals, faculty heads and lead teachers, working at early school levels across the UAE. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the heuristic leadership framework and some demographics, providing valuable insights into leadership practices among female education leaders in the UAE.
Approach Choices for Antimicrobial Use Reduction in European Food Animal Production
Authors: Wu Ziping 
Published: March 2024

SummaryReducing antimicrobial use (AMU) stands as a pivotal global strategy in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within the realm of food animal production. We conducted an extensive review of the distinct approaches employed in managing AMU reduction within the United Kingdom, Denmark and the Netherlands. Our analysis delved into the reform processes, emphasising the roles played by government, the general public and key stakeholders throughout the supply chain. Furthermore, we examined the impacts of these approaches on AMU, AMR and the economic landscape of food animal production. In all three countries, these reforms have been anchored in the reduction and judicious utilizsation of Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs) for veterinary use. These efforts have yielded significant outcomes, particularly in the reduction of CIA use. In utilising a voluntary approach to AMU reduction, the active involvement of government bodies, consumers and supply chain leaders, notably supermarkets, has proven to be pivotal. In terms of execution, these countries have adopted varied management strategies, including voluntary, regulatory and hybrid approaches, championed by farmers, government agencies and veterinarians, respectively. These approaches have yielded diverse impacts, both in terms of their potential for reduction and their influence on farm performance.