bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When standard DNA barcodes do not work for species identification: intermixed mitochondrial haplotypes in the Jaera albifrons complex (Crustacea: Isopoda)
Authors: Nymoen August Rustad , Kongsrud Jon Anders , Willassen Endre , Bakken Torkild 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, we characterise the standard “Folmer region” of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) marker and a fragment of nuclear 28S marker in four species of the Jaera albifrons complex. Jaera albifrons (Leach, 1814), Jaera ischiosetosa Forsman, 1949, Jaera praehirsuta Forsman, 1949, and Jaera forsmani Bocquet, 1950 were collected from localities on the Norwegian coast and identified with morphological characters. We compared DNA sequences with sequences available in GenBank and BOLDsystems and calculated haplotype networks and interspecific versus intraspecific genetic distances. These analyses revealed low interspecific genetic distance (CO1 0.00–1.57%, 28S 0.00–0.39%) and extensive haplotype sharing between J. albifrons group species and specimens from both sides of the North Atlantic for both CO1 and 28S. Genetic distances between J. albifrons group species and other Jaera species, however, exceeded 29% for both CO1 and 28S, with no haplotype sharing. These assessments, together with taxonomically unconstrained analyses with software ABGD and ASAP, show that these markers are unable to distinguish between the J. albifrons group of morphospecies. The sequences do, however, clearly identify J. albifrons species complex from other Jaera species. Thus, a likely hypothesis is that taxa in this complex represent a single species. Our results corroborate previous finds where discordance between mitochondrial gene clusters, AFLP, and other data highlights the potential conflict between different “species criteria” and the well-established distinction between gene trees and species trees. In operational terms, common protocols for metabarcoding will potentially underestimate sympatric species diversity with cases like the J. albifrons complex, if the members of this complex indeed represent different species.
Sexual Stigma and Mental Health of LGB Older Adults: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Ribeiro-Gonçalves José Alberto , Jesus Joana Correia , Costa Pedro Alexandre , Leal Isabel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Studies that examine the mental health of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (LGB) older adults have increased significantly over the last two decades, evidencing sexual stigma as one of the main factors associated with poorer mental health in this population. However, scientific evidence linking mental health and sexual stigma in older adults has not been systematically reviewed.

Methods
We conducted a systematic scoping review investigating the relationships between sexual stigma and mental health in LGB older adults aged 60 and over. EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo were used to search for peer reviewed studies following PRISMA guidelines and 17 studies were included. The research covered studies between 2000 and 2020 and data collection was carried out between 2020 and 2021.

Results
Sexual stigma showed a strong relationship with mental health in LGB older adults, being mainly associated with worse mental health outcomes, such as anxious and depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and substance abuse. Hypervigilance, invisibility, feeling socially rejected, concealment of sexual orientation, and internal conflicts were suggested among the main mediator/moderator factors between sexual stigma(s) and the older LGB mental health indicators. The findings suggest that sexual stigma affects older LGB people throughout their life course cumulatively, by decreasing their quality of life and access to health care. Yet, LGB older adults have developed resilience and adaptive strategies to manage sexual stigma.

Conclusions and Policy Implications
Sexual stigma has a significant relationship with worse levels of mental health in LGB older adults, affecting their well-being. It is important that future studies address oldest old LGB individuals (e.g., aged 80 or over), particularly evaluating how they manage sexual stigma. Further, there is an urgent need for research that evaluates the positive determinants of mental health in LGB older adults, such as well-being and successful aging, as well the role of the internet and social media in stigmatizing older LGB people.
Dynamic identification methods and artificial intelligence algorithms for damage detection of masonry infills
Authors: De Angelis Alessandra , Bilotta Antonio , Pecce Maria Rosaria , Pollastro Andrea , Prevete Roberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe failure of non-structural components after an earthquake is among the most expensive earthquake-incurred damage, and may also have life-threatening consequences, especially in public buildings with very crowded facilities, because exposition is high and the risk increases accordingly. The assessment of existing non-structural components is particularly complex because in-depth in situ investigation is necessary to detect the presence of deficiencies or damage. This problem concerns interior and exterior partitions made of various materials (e.g., glass and masonry), as well as equipment and facilities in construction (building, industry, and infrastructure). Defining the boundary conditions of these components is of paramount importance. Indeed, external restraints (i) affect dynamic properties and, thus, the action experienced during an earthquake, and (ii) influence the capacity to detach the component before failure from the bearing structure (e.g., an infill wall connected to the main structural frame, or equipment connected to secondary structural members such as floors). The authors, therefore, conducted environmental vibration tests of an infill wall and refined a finite element model to simulate typical damage scenarios to be implemented on the wall. Selected damage scenarios were then artificially realized on the existing infill and further ambient vibration tests were performed to measure the accelerations for each of them. Finally, the authors used these accelerations to detect the damage by means of established OMA, as well as innovative machine learning techniques. The results showed that convolutional variational autoencoders (CVAE), coupled with a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM), identified the anomaly even when the OMA exhibited limited effectiveness. Moreover, the machine learning procedure minimizes human interaction during the damage detection process.
Compressive sensing-based construction of high-resolution mode shapes for updating bridge boundary constraints
Authors: He Yi , Li Zhipeng , Yang Judy P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, a method of finite element model updating is proposed to quantitatively identify bridge boundary constraints using the high-resolution mode shapes of a bridge. The high-resolution mode shapes are first identified from the responses measured by few randomly distributed sensors using the compressive sensing theory, which is innovatively implemented in the spatial domain with a proposed basis matrix. To speed up finite element updating, the frequency and modal assurance criterion Kriging models are then established to approximate the implicit relation between boundary constraints and bridge modal parameters including frequencies and mode shapes, serving as surrogate models for the bridge finite element model. By adopting the surrogate models in finite element updating, the objective functions of frequencies and mode shape indicators are optimized by a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The numerical examples as well as an actual laboratory experiment have shown that the mode shapes and boundary constraints of a bridge can be identified precisely and efficiently by the proposed method, even for a continuous and variable cross-sectional bridge.
Structural health monitoring of an onshore steel wind turbine
Authors: Simoncelli Marco , Zucca Marco , Ghilardi Matteo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study presents the development of a structural monitoring system installed in a 45-m-high steel wind tower located in Italy. The installed monitoring system was composed by 16 strain gauges placed in the tower wall, in a pattern of four Wheatstone bridges at 45°, together with thermal couples, at 21 m from the ground (half-height of the tower). Moreover, several accelerometers were placed along the tower height (with one of them located next to the strain gauges). The wind velocity and directions were obtained directly from the turbine own monitoring system. Such a monitoring system was designed because, due to the decrement of the total height from the original design, the tower suffers from resonance problems. In fact, the investigated tower was originally designed with 65 m of height but then, to comply with local regulations, the height was decreased to the actual size. Therefore, to allow safe operation and avoid excessive fatigue due to the increased displacements, the velocity of the rotor has been manually limited causing an important reduction in the energy production. The results of the study show the importance of monitoring the resonance issue. The differences between the damage indexes obtained with two different working conditions are discussed: tower working with limited operational capacity and tower working at its maximum capacity (in resonance).
Unrestricted Learning Opportunities for Trainees in Behavior Analysis: A Survey of Current Practices
Authors: Liddon Clare J. , Crandall Madison , Weston Regan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividuals seeking certification as a board certified behavior analyst (BCBA) by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) must meet certain eligibility requirements. In addition to passing the BCBA examination, such requirements include completion of a master’s degree, behavior-analytic coursework, and supervised practical fieldwork. In accruing fieldwork hours, trainees must be provided with the opportunity to complete unrestricted activities. The BACB defines unrestricted activities as “. . . those that are most likely to be performed by a BCBA,” and requires that 60% of fieldwork hours are comprised of these activities (BACB, 2022b). Fieldwork hours may be accrued across a number of different host sites (e.g., hospital units, schools, community locations), with each host site having different day-to-day responsibilities affecting how these opportunities are provided. Therefore, exploration of the provision of these opportunities and the barriers to providing these opportunities is warranted. The current study sought to determine the current practices involved in provision of opportunities to gain fieldwork experience hours towards BCBA certification; in particular, practices related to unrestricted fieldwork activities. Results indicate that, although unrestricted learning opportunities are often provided to trainees, contingencies present within the day-to-day operations of a clinical environment can be hampering. A discussion of the implications of these barriers and potential solutions are included.
Multifunctional MOF@COF Nanoparticles Mediated Perovskite Films Management Toward Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Yayu , Zhang Jian , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Wei , Hu Boyuan , Xia Debin , Lin Kaifeng , Geng Lin , Yang Yulin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high π-conjugation have recently exhibited great prospects in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their further application in PSCs is still hindered by face-to-face stacking and aggregation issues. Herein, metal–organic framework (MOF-808) is selected as an ideal platform for the in situ homogeneous growth of a COF to construct a core–shell MOF@COF nanoparticle, which could effectively inhibit COF stacking and aggregation. The synergistic intrinsic mechanisms induced by the MOF@COF nanoparticles for reinforcing intrinsic stability and mitigating lead leakage in PSCs have been explored. The complementary utilization of π-conjugated skeletons and nanopores could optimize the crystallization of large-grained perovskite films and eliminate defects. The resulting PSCs achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency of 23.61% with superior open circuit voltage (1.20 V) and maintained approximately 90% of the original power conversion efficiency after 2000 h (30–50% RH and 25–30 °C). Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the in situ chemical fixation and adsorption abilities of the MOF@COF nanoparticles, the amount of lead leakage from unpackaged PSCs soaked in water (< 5 ppm) satisfies the laboratory assessment required for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Regulation.
Mechanical properties of lightweight 3D-printed structures made with carbon-filled nylon
Authors: Spina Roberto , Morfini Luigi , Galantucci Luigi M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMaterial extrusion additive manufacturing is a widely used 3D-printing process involving depositing molten thermoplastic materials layer by layer to create a 3D object. Combining material extrusion with composites creates strong, lightweight, and functional parts with unique properties. This study uses chopped carbon fiber reinforcement to investigate polyamide's thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties. The study includes an analysis of the material's thermal properties via differential scanning calorimetry and its flow behavior via rotational rheometry. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of carbon-filled nylon PA material's economic and mechanical properties, which will help optimize its performance for various applications. Tensile and flexural tests were used to appraise the material's strength and stiffness under different loading conditions. A cost analysis was performed to compute the specimen cost as a function of orientation and infill density. The aim was to understand how the type and strategy of infill design impact the material's mechanical properties, helping optimize the performance of components and evaluating its cost.
Transnational Health and Self-care Experiences of Japanese Women who have taken Oral Contraceptives in South Korea, including Over-the-counter Access: Insights from Semi-structured Interviews
Authors: Kang Seongeun , Kato Kazuto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn an increasingly globalized world, the accessibility of healthcare and medication has expanded beyond local healthcare systems and national borders. This study aims to investigate the transnational health and self-care experiences of 11 Japanese women who have resided in South Korea for a minimum of six months and have utilized oral contraceptives, including those that were acquired over-the-counter (OTC). Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by utilizing the NVivo software. The analysis yielded three significant thematic categories, namely (1) experiences and perceptions of obtaining and utilizing contraceptive pills, including OTC access; (2) individual and social perceptions of pills and their accessibility in Japan, insights from actual users; and (3) enhancing pill accessibility, transnational health and self-care experiences and perspectives. Participants acknowledged that oral contraceptives are a global product and experienced communication challenges with healthcare providers as a result of differing understandings of these medications. Additionally, this study identified transnational strategies, such as purchasing an adequate supply of pills just before departure and seeking pills from local families or acquaintances. This study not only highlights the implications of clinical care for transnational patients but also underscores their critical global perspectives on access to oral contraceptives. Furthermore, it proposes two models for improving accessibility within the Japanese healthcare system, even in prescription-only contexts, by introducing OTC options.
Zig, Zag, and ’Zyme: leveraging structural biology to engineer disease resistance
Authors: McClelland Alexander J. , Ma Wenbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDynamic host–pathogen interactions determine whether disease will occur. Pathogen effector proteins are central players in such disease development. On one hand, they improve susceptibility by manipulating host targets; on the other hand, they can trigger immunity after recognition by host immune receptors. A major research direction in the study of molecular plant pathology is to understand effector-host interactions, which has informed the development and breeding of crops with enhanced disease resistance. Recent breakthroughs on experiment- and artificial intelligence-based structure analyses significantly accelerate the development of this research area. Importantly, the detailed molecular insight of effector–host interactions enables precise engineering to mitigate disease. Here, we highlight a recent study by Xiao et al., who describe the structure of an effector-receptor complex that consists of a fungal effector, with polygalacturonase (PG) activity, and a plant-derived polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP). PGs weaken the plant cell wall and produce immune-suppressive oligogalacturonides (OGs) as a virulence mechanism; however, PGIPs directly bind to PGs and alter their enzymatic activity. When in a complex with PGIPs, PGs produce OG polymers with longer chains that can trigger immunity. Xiao et al. demonstrate that a PGIP creates a new active site tunnel, together with a PG, which favors the production of long-chain OGs. In this way, the PGIP essentially acts as both a PG receptor and enzymatic manipulator, converting virulence to defense activation. Taking a step forward, the authors used the PG-PGIP complex structure as a guide to generate PGIP variants with enhanced long-chain OG production, likely enabling further improved disease resistance. This study discovered a novel mechanism by which a plant receptor plays a dual role to activate immunity. It also demonstrates how fundamental knowledge, obtained through structural analyses, can be employed to guide the design of proteins with desired functions in agriculture.
Linguistic negotiation in non-profit organization regarding identity. A study on narratives, metaphors and the use of ‘we’
Authors: Vogel Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe political role of Sweden’s third sector is currently being renegotiated. Are services performed by the voluntary sector a necessary alternative to an inefficient welfare system, or do these services constitute a threat to the universal welfare state? This negotiation is the focus of the paper. My aim is to use linguistic theory, methods, and analysis of empirical data to capture how this negotiation took place within a voluntary non-profit organization. Based on a case study on Save the Children Sweden (where I was an embedded researcher for two years), I suggest that advocates in favour of third sector services gain advantages from certain linguistic features, such as by using ‘we’ in an inclusive, action-oriented way, by using metaphors grounded in activity, and by highlighting a specific version of the organization’s historical narrative.
Addressing Plastic Concern: Behavioral Insights into Recycled Plastic Products and Packaging in a Circular Economy
Authors: Corsini Filippo , Gusmerotti Natalia Marzia , Bartoletti Edoardo , Testa Francesco , Appolloni Andrea , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe excessive production and use of new plastic materials pose a critical environmental challenge, and reducing its consumption has emerged as a major global hurdle. Understanding human behavior is thus essential for creating a circular economy for plastics. The study aims to gain insights into consumers' buying habits concerning recycled plastic, which has received relatively little attention in prior research on the subject of environmentally friendly consumer behavior. This study draws on the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze the factors influencing consumer behavior regarding products and packaging made from recycled plastic. To this end, we employed a questionnaire, which was administered to 511 consumers in Italy. Results support that concerns about plastics and perceived efficacy exert a direct influence on attitudes. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that social norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control significantly shape purchasing behaviors concerning recycled plastic. The research contributes to extending the Theory of Planned Behavior model in predicting environmental-friendly behavior by adding new empirical evidence and provides valuable suggestions for companies to develop effective communication strategies and policies to redirect plastic consumption behavior towards less-impacting use of plastic.
Early dementia detection with speech analysis and machine learning techniques
Authors: Jahan Zerin , Khan Surbhi Bhatia , Saraee Mo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis in-depth study journey explores the context of natural language processing and text analysis in dementia detection, revealing their importance in a variety of fields. Beginning with an examination of the widespread and influence of text data. The dataset utilised in this study is from TalkBank's DementiaBank, which is basically a vast database of multimedia interactions built with the goal of examining communication patterns in the context of dementia. The various communication styles dementia patients exhibit when communicating with others are seen from a unique perspective by this specific dataset. Thorough data preprocessing procedures, including cleansing, tokenization, and structuring, are undertaken, with a focus on improving prediction capabilities through the combination of textual and non-textual information in the field of feature engineering. In the subsequent phase, the precision, recall, and F1-score metrics of Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Random Forest, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are assessed. Empirical facts are synthesized using text analysis methods and models to formulate a coherent conclusion. The significance of text data analysis, the revolutionary potential of natural language processing, and the direction for future research are highlighted in this synthesis. Throughout this paper, readers are encouraged to leverage text data to embark on their own adventures in the evolving, data-centric world of dementia detection.
Beyond phase-in: assessing impacts on disinformation of the EU Digital Services Act
Authors: Nannini Luca , Bonel Eleonora , Bassi Davide , Maggini Michele Joshua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work proposes a comprehensive research agenda to empirically evaluate the real-world impacts of the European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA) on combating online disinformation. It provides background on the DSA’s context, mechanisms, timeline, and expected effects on platforms to situate the need for rigorous impact assessment. A detailed legal, technical, psychological, behavioral and ethical critique reveals meaningful gaps in the DSA requiring ongoing regulatory refinement and oversight. Most critically, the paper puts forth an encompassing framework spanning computational analytics, interviews, ethnography, surveys, discourse analysis and mixed methods to rigorously assess the DSA’s multi-dimensional effects on complex factors enabling disinformation proliferation. Priorities include evaluating notice-and-takedown efficacy, advertising transparency improvements, risk assessment outcomes, oversight integration, and procedural shifts in platform governance. Coordinated efforts between researchers, regulators and platforms are needed to address methodological challenges around isolating DSA impacts amidst an evolving EU regulatory landscape, constrained data access from platforms, and difficulties generalizing findings across the sociotechnical diversity of platforms and national contexts in EU Member States.