bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H ‐ Y ANTIGEN: GENETIC CONTROL OF THE EXPRESSION AS DETECTED BY HOST ‐ VERSUS ‐ GRAFT POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE ENLARGEMENT ASSAY MAPS BETWEEN THE T AND H ‐ 2 COMPLEXES
Authors: Králová Jarmila , Lengerová Alena 
Published: April 2007

SummaryWe are using the terms ‘low’ and ‘high’ expression when the H‐Y antigen on thymocytes of mouse parental strains is, respectively, weakly and strongly immunogenic for F1 hybrids in a host‐versus‐graft popliteal lymph node enlargement assay. Using this assay we attempted to locate the genetic factor(s) responsible for the control of H‐Y expression within chromosome 17 since our previous study indicated linkage with the H‐2 complex. We produced to this aim recombinants from (B10.T x C3H/Di)F1 hybrids where crossing over took place between H‐2 and T complexes. In this way we were able to locate a gene denoted Hye (for H‐Y expression) whose ‘high’ and ‘low’ alleles originated, respectively, from the B10 and C3H/Di strains. In the recombinants, the expression did not follow the H‐2 haplotype, but obviously depended on the position of crossing over between H‐2 and T. This pointed to the Hye gene mapping proximally from the H‐2 complex.
CHANGE OF H‐2 ANTIGENS' EXPRESSION ON MOUSE LEUKAEMIALBN/a‐2 AND LBN/b‐3 CELLS IN THE COURSE OF SERIAL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Czarnomska Alina , Capkova Jana 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe inbred mouse strains BN/a and BN/b have haplotype H‐2bp characterized by H‐2.33 and lacking any other private specificity known in inbred strains. Two transplantable B cell leukaemias which originated in BN/a and BN/b mice treated with anti‐lymphocyte globulin were tested serologicaly for H‐2 antigens. Tests during passages 169‐181 revealed several quantitatively different reactions with sera against public specificities, some of these being due to Ia antibodies. No change in expression of the private specificities was seen. On the other hand, during the later passages (239‐258) a number of qualitative differences were seen, the most remarkbale being the loss of H‐2.33 and gain of H‐2.4, 31. The overall serological pattern of cells resembled that of H‐2d rather than of H‐2bp haplotyes and this was confirmed by absorption tests. The changes reported here may be due to alterations of repression and derepression pattern of the presumed multiple structural H‐2 genes present in the genome.
INAPPROPRIATE ALLOANTIGEN‐LIKE SPECIFICITIES DETECTED ON SPONTANEOUS AND TRANSPLANTABLE RETICULUM CELL SARCOMAS OF SJL/J MICE
Authors: Roman Janet M. , Bonavida B. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe immune response of SJL/J (H‐25) mice to syngeneic reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) tumour cells was investigated. The nature of tumour‐associated antigens was examined by immunological and biochemical techniques. Reticulum cell sarcomas of different origins (spontaneous, transplantable and cultured cell lines) stimulate a strong syngeneic response measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation. However, only the cell line were able to stimulate a syngeneic cell‐mediated cytotoxic response. Further analysis of the syngeneic response revealed that RCS cells express inappropiate alloantigenic specificities on their surface. Thus, evidence is provided which demonstrates that RCS tumour cells carry antigens which cross‐react with BALB/c (H‐2d) and C57BL/6 (H‐2b) alloantigens. The presence of inappropriate antigens in the in vitro lines was detected by cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, cytotoxic antibody and immunofluorescence whereas antigens on in vivo lines and spontaneous RCS were detected primarily by immunofluorescence. Conversely, H‐25 expression on the in vitro lines was detected only by immunofluorescence whereas the H‐25 of the in vivo lines were detected by cytotoxic antibody. By these assays inappropriate antigens were not detected on normal SJL/J lymphocytes. Immunochemical analysis of the inappropriate antigens by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed with SJL/J anti‐BALB/c and monospecific anti‐H‐2Dd sera. These sera precipitated 45,000 MW molecules from BALB/c lymph node cells and from SJL/J in vivo and in vitro RCS tumour which appeared very similar. The sera also precipitated molecules from SJL/J lymph node cells which resemble the BALB/c and RCS molecules. Thus, RCS tumours express inappropriate alloantigens which may be cryptic on normal cells. The biological significance of these tumour‐associated antigens in vivo is discussed briefly.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF Gm ALLOTYPES:V. SIMULTANEOUS PRESENCE OF LATENT Gm ALLOTYPES AND DEFICIENT Gm GENES IN A FAMILY WITH HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINAEMIC PROBANDS
Authors: Salier J. P. , Rivat L. , Daveau M. , Lefranc G. , Breton P. , DeMenibus C. H. , Henocq A. , Fudenberg H. H. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryA study of Gm allotypes in a Caucasoid family with hypogammaglobulinaemic probands, showed qualitative (unexpected or lacking Gm allotypes) and quantitative (increased or decreased Gm contents) abnormalities in many relatives. Part of these observations can be most probably accounted for by inheritance of a Gm1,17;5,28 haplotype, not described in Caucasians yet, and by an in vivo expression of latent Gm genes.
α‐L‐FUCOSYLTRANSFERASES RELATED TO BIOSYNTHESIS OF BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCES IN HUMAN SALIVA
Authors: Yazawa S. , Furukawa K. 
Published: April 2007

Summaryα‐L‐Fucosyltransferases were demonstrated in human saliva which catalyze the transfer of L‐fucose from GDP‐L‐[14C]‐fucose to oligosaccharides from human milk. An α‐(1→4)‐L‐fucosyltransferase that synthesizes lacto‐N‐fucopentaose II and lacto‐N‐difucohexaose I from lacto‐N‐tetraose and lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I, respectively, was detected in saliva samples of Le(a‐b+) secretors and Le(a + b‐) non‐secretors in which Lea substance was secreted. This enzyme activity was demonstrable neither in saliva samples of Le(a‐b‐) secretors nor non‐secretors. An α‐(1→2)‐L‐fucosyltransferase, that synthesizes lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I from lacto‐N‐tetraose, was detected in saliva samples from Le(a‐b+) secretors which secreted H and Leb substances and from Le(a‐b‐) secretors which secreted only H substance. An α‐(1→3)‐L‐fucosyltransferase was present in all saliva samples of different ABO and Lewis blood groups, irrespective of their ABH secretor status of the donors. The fucosyltransferases in saliva were activated by Mn++ or Mg++ ions, and were inhibited by ATP, GTP and EDTA. They had a broad pH optimun between pH 5.0 and 6.5.
SIALYLATION OF THOMSEN‐FRIEDENREICH (T) AND BLOOD TYPE NM ANTIGENS BY TRANSFERASES IN HUMAN SERA MEASURED BY [14C]NAN UPTAKE
Authors: Desai P. R. , Springer G. F. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryHuman erythrocyte T & NN antigens were exposed to fresh sera from single human donors and CMP‐[14C]sialic acid without activators in a single 24 hr incubation at 37° C. There was similar sialic acid (NAN) uptake, on the average 2.7 mol/mol T antigen subunit (mol wt 40,000), with various NN‐and MM‐derived T antigens and transferase sera in all different combinations. Sera from donors with the M gene but not from those lacking it incorporated NAN into NN antigen (c. 1 mol NAN/mol NN antigen subunit, mol wt 50,000).The profound difference in sialytransferase action between sera from donors with the M gene and those lacking it was substantiated by repeated incubations of NN‐derived T antigen with CMP‐NAN and MM donor transferase serum, which incorporated 32% more NAN than did repeated incubations of the same antigen with CMP‐NAN and NN donor transferase serum. The greater NAN incorporation by sera of donors with the M gene is due to an additional transferase or a transferase‐modifier substance present only in persons possessing the M gene.
H‐2‐RESTRICTED RECOGNITION OF MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS IN DELAYED TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Van Der Kwast Th. H. 
Published: April 2007

SummarySubcutaneous (s.c.) immunization of mice with viable allogeneic H‐2 compatible spleen cells can induce a persistent state of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to minor histocompatibility (H) antigens which can be evaluated with a footpad swelling assay. The importance of H‐2 compatibility of the injected spleen cells with the recipient for (1) the elicitation of the DTH‐reaction, (2) the induction of DTH‐related effector and memory T cells and (3) the activation of T memory cells was examined with congenic mouse strains. Spleen cells sharing either the K or D region of the H‐2 complex with the recipient could elicit strong DTH‐reactions to minor H antigens, though somewhat less than did fully H‐2 compatible allogeneic spleen cells. H‐2 incompatible cells or cells only sharing I‐region coded antigens elicited relatively weak, though significant, DTH‐reactivity to the minor H antigens. Similar H‐2 requirements for recipient mice were demonstrated in the immune lymphocyte transfer assay. Optimal induction of primary DTH and DTH‐related T memory cells for minor H antigens also required H‐2 identity of the immunizing cells and the recipient. To some extent, H‐2 incompatible cells were able to induce primary DTH‐reactivity and memory for minor H‐antigens. The secondary DTH‐reactivity was not or slightly dependent on the H‐2 haplotype of the cells used for booster injection.It is concluded that the DTH‐related effector cells are restricted in their recongnition of minor H antigens by K‐ or D‐region‐coded antigens. Presumably, macrophage processing of the allogeneic spleen cells after primary and secondary immunization accounts for the capacity of the minor H antigens to activate unprimed T cells and memory T cells when these antigens are presented on H‐2 incompatible cells.
DETECTION AND ACTIVITY OF BLOOD GROUP B GENE‐ASSOCIATED α‐GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Kogure T. , Furukawa K. 
Published: April 2007

Summaryα‐Galactosyltransferase which participates in the biosynthesis of blood group B substance was found in urine from group B and AB healthy persons of both secretors and non‐secretors.The activity of α‐galactosyltransferase in the urine of healthy variant Bm person was lower than that found in a normal group B person. This enzyme in urine of A1Bm persons must be much lower than that in normal AB persons. Its activity was not detected by the method of group O to group B transformation of erythrocytes.
ADDITION OF SERUM TO THE MEDIUM USED FOR PREPARATION OF CELL SUSPENSIONS AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF ARTIFACTS IN CELL‐MEDIATED REACTIONS STUDIED BY MEANS OF THE POPLITEAL LYMPH NODE TEST
Authors: ŝüla K. , Dráber P. , Nouza K. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryConditions for preparations of cells used in immunogenetic studies may substantially affect their properties and the results obtained. It was found that short‐term incubation or a mere preparation of parental spleen cells in medium containing either xenogeneic serum or concavalin A (Con A) increase their ability (after footpad injection) to induce enlargement of the popliteal lymph node in (B10.LP x A/Ph)F1 hybrid recipients. Under similar conditions, enlargement of PLN could be induced also by syngeneic F1 hybrid cells. The greater lymphadenomegaly following the injection of parental or syngenneic cells prepared in serum‐containing medium may be explained by the host reaction against additional foreign antigens rather than increased GVH reactivity or autoimmunity.
Fab2 FRAGMENTS FROM HLA XENOANTISERA SPECIFICALLY BLOCK CYTOLYSIS MEDIATED BY HLA‐A, B ALLOANTISERA
Authors: Belvedere Mariaclara , Richiardi Patricia , Pellegrino MicheleA. , Ferrone S. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryFab2 fragments from antisera raised in rabbits with partially purified cellular and serum HLA antigens were tested for their ability to block the cytolytic activity of operationally specific HLA‐A, B alloantisera. One Fab2 fragment preparation blocked the cytolytic activity of all the HLA‐A,B alloantisera tested; the remaining nine inhibited the lytic activity of alloantisera to certain HLA‐A,B allospecificities, suggesting that these xenoantisera contain antibody to certain HLA‐A,B allotype determinants or to closely associated structures. In contrast to previous reports in the literature none of the xenoantisera contained significant amounts of antibodies to human β2‐microglobulin.
THE REGULATORY ROLE OF I‐J SUBREGION IN NEONATAL TOLERANCE INDUCTION TO H‐2D ALLOANTIGENS
Authors: Holáň V. , Hilgert I. , Chutná Jitka , Hašek M. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe mechanism of neonatally induced transplantation tolerance was studied in two mouse strain combinations involving differences at the D region of the H‐2 complex only or at the same D region plus I‐J subregion (including I‐E, I‐C, S and G regions). In the strain combination with the H‐2D difference only, cells from tolerant mice proliferated markedly in the MLR assay when incubated with antigens tolerated in vivo, whereas the MLR reactions were negative in the combination with D plus I‐J region disparities. In the latter combination cells from tolerant mice also did not respond to third‐party antigens and their incubation with the tolerated antigens led to the suppression of cell proliferation. This non‐specific suppression was absent in cells from tolerant mice in the strain combination, which differed in I‐C, S, G and D alloantigens. Specific suppressor cells, which inhibited the development of cytotoxic cells, were demonstrated in tolerant mice of both strain combinations. The results show that, in addition to the specific suppressor cells induced by H‐2K or H‐2D alloantigens, non‐specific suppressor cells induced by the I‐J region disparity that may regulate the resultant activity against H‐2D (and probably also H‐2K) alloantigens are involved in transplantation tolerance.
GENETICS OF CHINESE HAMSTER MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTIVITY
Authors: Jong B. de , Anders G. J. P. A. , Van De Meer I. H. , Zijlstra J. , Wierda J. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryTwo‐way and one‐way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) with Chinese Hamster peripheral blood lymphocytes were performed. Reduction of the culture surface and addition of 2‐mercaptoethanol to the culture medium gives a marked enhancement of the reactivity of low numbers of lymphocytes in the MLC. Genetic analysis of the mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) in the animals studied so far indicates that three or four different alleles are involved. Howerver, not all phenotypes could be traced. The samples of different stocks of Chinese Hamsters in Europe and the United States did not all share the same alleles and the samples were also different as regards the relative frequency of phenotypes. For DNA inhibition in stimulating cells mitomycin C treatment is less suitable than irradiation. Skin graft survival time was longer in animals which showed no MLR than in animals with a positive MLR.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO COLLAGEN: I. QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF RESPONSE LEVELS BY MULTIPLE I‐REGION GENES
Authors: Hedrick S. M. , Watson J. D. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe antibody response in mice to type I calf skin collagen is quantitatively determined by genes which map to the I region of the H‐2 histocompatibility complex. The use of H‐2 recombinant B10 congenic strains of mice reveals that a gene in the IA subregion and a gene to the right of the IA subregion affect responsivenss. To examine complementation patterns in the antibody response to collagen, five B10 congenic strains, each bearing an independent H‐2 haplotype, were intercrossed to obtain nine hybrid strains heterozygous at the H‐2 locus. In five combinations heterozygous progeny produced significantly greater antibody responses than those observed for the homozygous parental strains. Two low responder haplotypes, H‐2k and H‐2d, were shown to be qualitatively different. Mice of these haplotypes show a different dose‐response pattern and a different phenotypic pattern of inheritance with respect to the high responder H‐2b haplotype. Complementation effects found in F1 hybrid mice derived from H‐2 recombinant parental strains indicate that high responsiveness, controlled by an IAb subregion gene, can be influenced by an interaction between an IAk subregion gene and an ICd subregion gene on different chromosomes. These data are consistent with the possibility that there exist two or more I region genes that have distinct functions and can interact to affect the levels of immune responsiveness.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN GUINEA‐PIGS
Authors: Teitelbaum Dvora , Arnon Ruth 
Published: April 2007

SummaryGenetic analysis of susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was performed in guinea‐pigs. The results indicate the existence of two Irgenes to EAE in susceptible strain 13 guinea‐pigs. One gene is linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of this species, while the other one is located outside the MHC. The two genes segregate independently and both of them must be expressed to render the animal susceptible to EAE.
A HUMAN DISPERMIC CHIMAERA FIRST SUSPECTED FROM ANALYSIS OF THE BLOOD GROUP GENE‐SPECIFIED GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES
Authors: Watkins Winifred M. , Yates A. D. , Greenwell Pamela , Bird G. W. G. , Gibson M. , Roy T. C. F. , Wingham June , Loeb W. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe red cells of a normal male blood donor, K.S., were first grouped as B but he was found to lack anti‐A in his serum. Closer investigation revealed that his red cells had very weak A activity, demonstrable only by absorption and elution of anti‐A. He is a non‐secretor of ABH and a secretor of Lea. Blood group A‐, B and H‐gene specified glycosyltransferases were detected in his serum. In contrast to the finding of a B antigen of normal strength on his red cells, the B transferase in his serum was only about 30% of the normal level and, despite the very weak A activity of K.S.'s red cells, the A transferase level was about 50% of that found in the serum of group A individuals with normal strength of A antigen. Moreover, the A transferase on the basis of its pH optimum, Km values for donor and acceptor substrates, activation by divalent cations, isoelectric focusing profile and capacity to convert O to A‐active cells, was characterized as the product of an A1 gene. A family study showed that K.S.'s wife is group A2 and that they have two sons, one group A2 and the other group B. The group B son is assumed to have inherited a B gene from the propositus but the level of B transferase in the son's serum is three times as high as that in his father's serum. The wife of the propositus and his group A2 son have normal A2 transferases in keeping with their A2 red cell status. The A2 son therefore appears to have inherited an A2 gene from his mother but neither the A1 nor the B gene shown to be carried by his father. The distribution of transferase activities in K.S.'s red cells differs from that in his serum. A level of B transferase within the normal range was found in his red cell membranes but a very low level of A transferase was detected. The discrepancies between the serum transferases and ABO‐red cell group, together with the pattern of inheritance within the family, led to a suspicion of chimaerism. This was confirmed by the finding of fibroblasts with the female 46XX karyotype in cultures of the propositus' skin. These results suggest that K.S. is a dispermic chimaera with two different cell lines of the genotypes BO and A1O or A1A1. The group A2 son is assumed to have inherited an O gene from his father. It seems probable that K.S.'s bone marrow and reproductive organs are comprised predominantly of the XY cell line which carries the blood group BO genotype whereas his skin and other tissues which contribute the A1 transferase to his plasma, are partly made up of the XX cell line which carries the blood group A1O or A1A1 genotype.
MHC GENE CONTROL OF GROWTH OF AVIAN SARCOMA VIRUS‐INDUCED TUMOURS IN CHICKENS: A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF VIRUS STRAIN
Authors: McBride R. A. , Cutting J. A. , Schierman L. W. , Strebel F. R. , Watanabe D. H. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryA comparison was made of growth patterns (progression/regression) of tumours induced by different strains of avian sarcoma virus in two partially congenic inbred lines of chickens homozygous for different MHC haplotypes. In each instance studied, the ability to regress tumours was shown to be a dominant trait controlled by MHC‐linked genes. The results also demonstrate a difference in growth pattern between tumours induced by different strains of virus in an inbred line as well as different growth patterns of tumours induced by the same strain of virus in the two inbred lines. We conclude that the MHC‐linked resistance gene is part of a polymorphic genetic region and, in addition, that there is immunogenic heterogeneity of the viral gene product expressed on tumour cells induced by closely related viral strains which is relevant to tumour regression. We suggest that the product of the src gene, p60src, is a plausible candidate for the immunogenic target of the MHC‐linked rejection response.
COMPLEMENTING MHC‐ AND NON‐MHC‐LINKED GENES AND RESISTANCE TO AVIAN SARCOMA VIRUS‐INDUCED TUMOURS IN INBRED LINES OF CHICKENS
Authors: Cutting J. A. , Watanabe D. H. , Strebel F. R. , McBride R. A. 
Published: April 2007

SummarySchmidt‐Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus, subgroup B (SR‐RSV‐B), was inoculated into the wingwebs of chickens from three partially congenic inbred lines, G‐B1, G‐B2 and G‐B3, homozygous for different MHC (B region) haplotypes (genotypes =B1/B1, B2/B2 and B3/B3 respectively). All birds developed tumours but only the G‐B2 line resisted progressive tumour growth. Birds from lines G‐B1 and G‐B3 approached 100% susceptibility to progressive tumour growth, whereas most (G‐B1 x G‐B3) F1 hybrids were resistant to tumours induced by SR‐RSV‐B. The association of the resistance trait in F1 hybrids with genes of the B region was investigated by testing progeny of (G‐B1 x G‐B3) x G‐B1 F1 and (G‐B1 x G‐B2) x G‐B3 F1 backcross matings. Approximately 27% of the backcross population was resistant to SR‐RSV‐B‐induced tumours and these resistant offspring were predominantly of the B1/B3 phenotype.We interpret these results to mean that resistance to progressive tumour growth involves complementation between genes (allelic or at separate loci) linked to or within the B region and that resistance is effective only when the complementing B region genes act in concert with complementing genes which assort independently of the MHC. We suggest that complementing B region‐linked genes are homologues of complementing murine H‐2‐linked Ir genes. The function of the B region in determining growth of sarcomas may therefore be analogous to that of Ir genes.
LINKAGE OF NEURAMINIDASE AND α‐MANNOSIDASE TO THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX IN THE RAT
Authors: VandeBerg J. L. , Bittner G. N. , Meyer G. S. , Kunz H. W. , Gill T. J. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryVariation in enzyme activity of liver neuraminidase and in electrophoretic mobility of liver α‐mannosidase is controlled by a gene or by independently acting genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex of the rat.