bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft tissue radiography*
Authors: Lewis D. G. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTAn attempt is made to clarify the problems associated with soft tissue radiography. Particular emphasis is laid on the modifications in technique and equipment that may improve results, and an explanation is given of the effects that such measures may have on the exposure factors being used.Résumé. L'auteur essaie d'apporter quelque clarté au problème de la radiographie des tissus mous et insiste particulièrement sur les modifications de la technique et de l'équipement qui pourraient améliorer les résultats. Il explique les effets que de telles mesures pourraient avoir sur les facteurs d'exposition.Zusammenfassung. Es wird ein Versuch unternommen, die mit der Radiographie weicher Gewebe verbundenen Probleme zu klären. Besonderer Nachdruck wird auf die Modifikationen der Methodik und der Geräte gelegt, die zu besseren Ergebnissen führen können, und es werden die Wirkungen erklärt, die solche Massnahmen auf die verwendeten Belichtungsfaktoren haben.
The prognosis in cats bearing squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bostock D. E. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTDuring the past 2 years, follow‐up studies have been carried out on twenty cats following surgery for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. An attempt has been made to correlate the permitted survival time of the animal with the site of the tumour, its degree of differentiation, and the length of time between initial detection and surgery.In seven cats with intra‐oral tumours the prognosis was very poor. Four out of seven cats were destroyed within 7 weeks, and all were destroyed within 14 weeks. All animals had to be killed because of local recurrence and it did not appear that the degree of differentiation of the tumour was important.In animals with squamous carcinoma in the skin, the prognosis could be correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumour, but not with the site. Fifty percent of animals with poorly differentiated tumours were destroyed within 12 weeks, and the longest survival time was 20 weeks. All animals with well‐differentiated tumours survived for more than 36 weeks.Résumé. Pendant deux ans, nous avons suivi le progres de vingt chats apres une intervention chirurgicale pour traiter des carcinomes de cellules squameuses.Nous avons essaye d'établir un rapport entre la survie et le lieu du neoplasme, sa difierentiation et l'intervalle entre sa detection initielle et l'enlevement.Le prognostic etait tres mauvais chez sept chats avec des tumeurs burralles. Quatre sur sept sonts morts dans sept seamines et tous sonts morts avant quatorze semaines. Tous les animaux etarent mise a mort a cause des reapparitions locales et il ne semble pas que le degre de differentiation est important.Chez les animaux portant des carcinomes de cellules squameuses a la peau il y avait un rapport entre le prognostic et le degre de differentiation de la tumeur, mais pas avec sa location.Chez les animaux portant des tumeurs peu differencies, conquette pour cent sont morts en douze semaines et la survie la plus etendue etait de vingt semaines, tendis que tous les animaux portant dea tumeurs bien differencies sonts morts apres trente six semaines.Zusammenfassung. Innerhalb der latzten zwei Jahren sind Studien an 20 katzen, die wegen Plattenzeil carcinom in chirurgischer Behandlung waren, gemacht worden. Ein Versuch, die Überlebens‐zeit des Tieres mit der Lage des Tumors, seinem Differenzierungs‐grad, und der Zeitspanne zwishen Diagnose und Chirurgie in Zusammenhang zu bringen, wurde unternommen. Im Falle von 7 Katzen mit Mundhöhlen tumoren war die Prognose sehr schiecht.4/7 Katzen starben innerhalb von 7 Wochen, und alle innerhalb von 14 Wochen.Alle Tiere wurden wegen localen Rezidivtumoren getötet, und der Differenzierungsgrad schien nicht massgebend zu sein.In Tieren mit Plattenzell carcinom der Haut hing die Prognose vom Differenzierungsgrad, aber nicht von der Lage, ab. 50% der Tiere mit schlecht differentierzen Tumoren starben innerhalb von 12 Wochen, und die Längste Uberlebens zeit war 20 Wochen, während alle Tierre mit gut differenzierte Tumoren mehr als 36 Wochen überlebten.
The rôle of non‐specific factors in the production of skin disease in the dog
Authors: Delmage David A. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTNon‐specific factors may affect the vitality or integrity of the skin, increase its intrinsic reactivity, or aggravate, or promote, other skin disease. External factors such as temperature, humidity, irritant agents and external débris, and internal factors such as diet, psychogenic, neurogenic, hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, may have a profound effect on both the abnormal and normal canine integument.Résumé. Les facteurs non spécifiques peuvent affecter la vitalité et l'intégrité de la peau, augmenter sa réactivité intrinsèque et soit aggraver, soit favoriser d'autres affections cutanées. Les facteurs externes tels que la température, l'humidité, les agents irritants, les débris externes, ainsi que les facteurs internes comme le régime, les anomalies psychogènes, neurogènes, hormonales, métaboliques peuvent exercer un effet profond sur le tégument du chien normal ou pathologique.Zusammenfassung. Nichtspezifische Faktoren können die Vitalität oder Integrität der Haut beeinflussen, ihre innere Reaktivität erhöhen oder andere Hautkrankheiten verschlimmern oder fördern. Äussere Faktoren wie Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit, Reizstoffe und äussere Fremdkörper und innere Faktoren wie die Ernährung und psychogene, neurogene, hormonale und Stoffwechselanomalien können einen nachhaltigen Einfluss sowohl auf die anomale als auch die normale Haut des Hundes haben.
Chloramphenicol plasma levels in the dog: multiple oral and intramuscular administration
Authors: Watson A. D. J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTPlasma chloramphenicol levels were determined in five Greyhounds following twice daily dosing with chloramphenicol orally in capsules (100 mg/kg/day) and intramuscularly in an aqueous suspension (33 mg/kg/day).Oral administration provided an average peak mean plasma level of 20.8 μg/ml, and levels >5 μg/ml were maintained for approximately 9.7 hr after each dose. The intramuscular dose was slowly absorbed, produced low plasma levels (maximum 3.6 μg/ml) and had no repository effect.These results indicate that an oral dose rate of 100 mg/kg/day, in divided doses, may provide reasonable plasma levels in the dog, whereas the aqueous suspension of chloramphenicol, given intramuscularly at the manufacturer's suggested dose rate, may not provide plasma levels satisfactory for therapy.Résumé.On a déterminé Ies niveaux de chloramphénicol dans le plasma de cinq lévriers, à la suite d'une administration orale, deux fois par jour de capsules (100 mg/kg/jour) et d'une injection intramusculaire sous forme d'une suspension aqueuse (33 mg/kg/jour).L'administration orale a permis d'atteindre un niveau maximum moyen de plasma de 20,8 μg/ml et des niveaux >5 μg/ml etaient maintenus pendant 9,7 heures environ après l'administration de chaque dose. La dose intramusculaire était absorbée lentement, a donné lieu à des niveaux faibles de plasma (maximum 3,6 μg/ml) et a pu être éliminée.Ces résultats montrent que la dose orale de 100 mg/kg/jour, en doses divisées, peut donner lieu à des niveaux de plasma raisonnables chez le chien, alors que la suspension aqueuse de chloramphénicol, administrée par voie intramusculaire à la dose prescrite par le fabricant, ne donne pas toujours les niveaux de plasma imposés par la thérapeutique.Zusammenfassung. Die Plasmachloramphenicolkonzentration wurde in fünf Greyhounds nach der zweimal täglichen Verabreichung von Chloramphenicol oral in Kapseln (100 mg/kg/ Tag) und intramuscular in einer wässrigen Suspension (33 mg/kg/Tag) bestimmt.Die orale Verabreichung bewirkte einen höchsten mittleren Durchschnittswert der Plasmakonzentration von 20,8 μg/ml, und Konzentrationen von > 5 μg/ml wurden etwa 9,7 Stunden nach jeder Verabreichung aufrechterhalten. Die intramusculäre Dosis wurde langsam absorbiert, erzeugte niedrige Plasmakonzentrationen (maximal 3,6 μg/ml) und hatte keinen Speichereffekt.Diese Ergebnisse lassen darauf schliessen, dass eine orale Verabreichung von 100 mg/kg/Tag, auf mehrere Einzelgaben verteilt, zufriedenstellende Plasmakonzentrationen im Hund ergeben kann, während die wässrige Suspension von Chloramphenicol, intramusculär in der vom Hersteller empfohlenen Dosierung verabreicht, keine für die Therapie ausreichenden Plasmakonzentrationen ergeben könnte.
The canine stifle joint I. Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Pond M. J. , Campbell J. R. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA method of assessment of cases of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament with a view to prescribing either surgical or conservative treatment is described. The results of treatment of the cases after such an assessment indicates that the majority of small dogs will recover to satisfactory function after 2 months enforced rest, but large breed and working dogs require surgical intervention for successful treatment.Résumé. Les auteurs décrivent une méthode propre à évaluer les ruptures du ligament cruci‐forme antérieur en vue de prescrire soit l'intervention chirurgicale, soit le traitement conserva‐teur. Les résultats thérapeutiques obtenus sur la base de cette évaluation portent à conclure que chez le chien de petite taille, 2 mois de repos forcé permettent le plus souvent d'obtenir un rétablissement fonctionnel satisfaisant, tandis que chez les chiens de grande taille et chiens d'utilité, l'intervention chirurgicale s'impose.Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine Methode zur klinischen Beurteilung von Fällen einer Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit einer chirurgischen oder konservativen Behandlung beschrieben. Die Behandlungsergebnisse bei den Fällen nach einer solchen Beurteilung zeigen, dass die Mehrzahl von kleinen Hunden sich in 2 Monaten Zwangsruhe zu einer zufriedenstellenden Funktion erholt, grosse Rassen und Arbeitshunde aber einen chirurgischen Eingriff zur erfolgreichen Behandlung benötigen.
The canine stifle joint II. Medial luxation of the patella
Authors: Campbell J. R. , Pond M. J. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA method of assessment of cases of medial luxation of the patella for deciding the type of surgical intervention is described. The results of treatment of the cases after such an assessment indicate that, if there is no gross distortion and no deviation of the tibial tuberosity, simple lateral capsular overlap gives a satisfactory return of function, even in cases of irreducible patellar luxation.Résumé. Les auteurs décrivent une méthode propre à évaluer les luxations médiales de la rotule en vue de déterminer la nature de l'intervention chirurgicale à pratiquer. Les résultats thérapeu‐tiques obtenus sur la base de cette évaluation portent à conclure que, sauf grave déformation ou déviation de la tubérosité du tibia, le simple chevauchement capsulaire latéral permet de rétablir un état fonctionnel satisfaisant, měme dans les cas de luxation rotulaire irréductible.Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine Methode zur klinischen Beurteilung von Fällen einer medialen Luxation der Patella zwecks Entscheidung über die Art des erforderlichen chirurgischen Eingriffs beschrieben. Die Behandlungsergebnisse in den Fällen nach einer solchen Beurteilung zeigen, dass beim Fehlen einer makroskopischen Verformung und einer Abweichung der Tuberositas tibiae die einfache laterale Kapselüberlappung eine zufriedenstellende Rückkehr der Funktion selbst in Fällen nicht reduzierbarer patellarer Luxation ergibt.
Fracture of the os penis in the dog—two case reports
Authors: Stead A. C. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of fracture of the os penis in the dog are described. One case was unsuccessfully treated by urethrostomy and the second, successfully by an open reduction and bone plating.Résumé. On décrit deux cas de fracture de l'os penis' chez le chien. Un des cas fut traité sans succès par urétrostomie et l'autre avec succès par réduction chirurgicale et introduction d'une plaque.Zusammenfassung. Zwei Fälle einer Fraktur des Penisknochens beim Hund werden bes‐chrieben. Ein Fall wurde nicht erfolgreich mit Urethrostomie und der zweite erfolgreich mit offener Reduktion und Knochenplattierung behandelt.
Oligodendroglioma in a dog
Authors: Taylor R. Flint , Bucci T. J. , Garvin C. H. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTOligodendroglioma of the left thalamic region of the brain of a dog is described.Over a period of approximately 6 months the tumour caused progressive posterior ataxia, listlessness, tilting of the head and circling to the right, nystagmus, blindness of the right eye and atrophy of the temporal muscle.The histological features on which the diagnosis was based were the presence of characteristically‐shaped basophilic neoplastic cells with a clear space or ‘halo’ around them, scanty cytoplasm, small, stubby processes seen in silver‐stained sections, and vascular proliferation.Résumé. On décrit un oligodendrogli&#x006f;&#x030c;me dans la partie gauche du thalamus du cerveau d'un chien.Après une période d'environ six mois, la tumeur avail causé une ataxie postérieure progressive, de l'apathie, un penchement de la těte avec oscillation à droite, un nystagme, une cécité de l'oeil droit et une atrophie du muscle temporal.Les particularités histologiques sur lesquelles on s'est fondé pour le diagnostic comprenaient la présence de cellules néoplastes basophiles d'une forme caractéristique, entourées d'un cercle clair ou ‘halo’, un cytoplasme insuffisant, des fromations petites et trapues observées dans les sections teintées d'argent et une proligération vasculaire.Zusammenfassung. Ein Fall von Oligodendrogliom der linken Thalamusregion des Gehirns eines Hundes wird beschrieben.Über eine Periode von annähernd 6 Monaten verursachte der Tumor progressive posteriore Ataxie, Teilnahmslosigkeit, Schiefhaltung des Kopfes und Kreisbewegung nach rechts, Nystagmus, Blindheit des rechten Auges und Atrophie des Musculus temporalis.Die histologischen Merkmale, auf denen die Diagnose beruhte, waren die Anwesenheit charakteristisch geformter basophiler neoplastischer Zellen, die von einem freien Raum oder “Lichthof” umgeben waren, spärliche Cytoplasmen, kleine, knollige Wucherungen, die in silbergefärbten Schnitten beobachtet wurden, und vasculäre Proliferation.
The place of potentiated trimethoprim in the therapy of diseases of the skin in dogs and cats*
Authors: Craig G. R. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe problems of diagnosis and therapy of diseases of the skin and related structures in dogs and cats are discussed. The effectiveness of potentiated trimethoprim in the antibacterial control of these diseases is described. In a series of 690 case histories in dogs and cats, 266 reports involved the skin and related tissues. Treatment with potentiated trimethoprim produced successful results in 90% of the cases.Résumé. Les problèmes que posent chez le chien et le chat le diagnostic et la thérapeutique des dermatoses et des maladies de tissus connexes à la peau, sont examinés. On décrit l'efficacité de la trimethoprime concentrée pour le contr&#x006f;&#x030c;le antibactérien de ces maladies. Pour les chiens et les chats, on a examiné 690 rapports, dont 266 impliquaient la peau et les tissus connexes. Le traitement à la trimethoprime concentrée a donné des résultats fructueux dans 90% des cas.Zusammenfassung. Die Probleme der Diagnose und Therapie von Krankheiten der Haut und verwandter Strukturen bei Hunden und Katzen werden besprochen. Die Wirksamkeit von potenziertem Trimethoprim bei der antibakteriellen Behandlung dieser Krankheiten wird beschrieben. In einer Serie von 690 Krankengeschichten von Hunden und Katzen betrafen 266 Berichte die Haut und verwandte Gewebe. Die Behandlung mit potenziertem Trimethoprim lieferte in 90% der Fälle erfolgreiche Ergebnisse.
Application of Satellite Microwave Images in Estimating Snow Water Equivalent1
Authors: Azar Amir E , Ghedira Hosni , Romanov Peter , Mahani Shayesteh , Tedesco Marco , Khanbilvardi Reza 
Published: October 2008

Abstract:  Flood forecast and water resource management requires reliable estimates of snow pack properties [snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE)]. This study focuses on application of satellite microwave images to estimate the spatial distribution of snow depth and SWE over the Great Lakes area. To estimate SWE, we have proposed the algorithm which uses microwave brightness temperatures (Tb) measured by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) radiometer along with information on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).The algorithm was developed and tested over 19 test sites characterized by different seasonal average snow depth and land cover type. Three spectral signatures derived from SSM/I data, namely T19V‐T37V (GTV), T19H‐T37H (GTH), and T22V‐T85V (SSI), were examined for correlation with the snow depth and SWE. To avoid melting snow conditions, we have used observations taken only during the period from December 1‐February 28. It was found that GTH, and GTV exhibit similar correlation with the snow depth/SWE and are most should be used over deep snowpack. In the same time, SSI is more sensitive to snow depth variations over a shallow snow pack. To account for the effect of dense forests on the scattering signal of snow we established the slope of the regression line between GTV and the snow depth as a function of NDVI. The accuracy of the new technique was evaluated through its comparison with ground‐based measurements and with results of SWE analysis prepared by the National Operational Hydrological Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) of the National Weather Service. The proposed algorithm was found to be superior to previously developed global microwave SWE retrieval techniques.
A STUDY OF PREDICTORS AND LEVELS OF BURNOUT: THE CASE OF PROFESSIONAL NURSES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN THE FREE STATE1
Authors: Engelbrecht M.c. , Bester C.l. , Van Den Berg H. , Van Rensburg H.c.j. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn South Africa, nurses form the backbone of the primary health care (PHC) system. Their well‐being is, therefore, of paramount importance in the effective provisioning of health services. This paper explores predictors and levels of burnout experienced by professional nurses working in PHC facilities in the Free State. The sample comprised 182 nurses working in facilities rendering antiretroviral treatment (ART) services and 361 nurses working in facilities not rendering ART. Respondents completed a series of standardised instruments. Descriptive statistics were calculated and stepwise regression analysis performed to investigate the relative contribution of various stressors to the variance in burnout. High levels of burnout were identified. Availability of resources, workload and conflict at work explain 21% of the variance in the level of emotional exhaustion reported by the professional nurses. To a large degree, the results indicate that the well‐being of professional nurses is significantly affected by chronic work overload and occupational stress.
THE IMPACT OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENT (HAART) ON EMPLOYMENT IN KHAYELITSHA
Authors: Coetzee Celeste 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) on labour force participation of people living with HIV/AIDS in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Cox Proportional Hazard Models with stratum effects for three medical clinics, and Accelerated Failure Time Models with individual specific unobserved shared effects (frailty), are estimated for transitions from inactivity to unemployment, and transitions from unemployment into employment, using a longitudinal data set. The findings of this study indicate that HAART leads to greater activity in the labour market, but there was not a strong effect on re‐entry into employment.
REVIEW OF PROGRESS AND EXPENDITURE ON THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR HIV AND AIDS FOR SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Ndlovu Nhlanhla , Daswa Rabelani 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to review progress made in the implementation of South Africa's Comprehensive Plan for HIV and AIDS (CPHA, or simply ‘the Plan’) from its inception in 2004 to date [2006], with special emphasis on anti‐retroviral (ARV) treatment rollout. In light of the HIV and AIDS situation in the Sub‐Saharan Africa, and South Africa in particular, there is an urgent need for governments to roll out the ARV drugs to people living with HIV and AIDS. This has to be complemented with strong political will, parliamentary oversight, real private‐public partnerships, and of course the involvement of civil society.The South African government must as a matter of urgency develop and utilise effective monitoring and evaluating systems to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of its responses to the epidemic. Increasing HIV prevalence rates demand that the government must strengthen its HIV prevention strategies to ensure that the majority of people uninfected remain that way. Such improved government response would eventually reduce the socio‐economic impact of the epidemic in South Africa.The CPHA was devised at a time when the price of ARVs had decreased significantly. Indeed, the plan noted that: “Two years ago, this programme for comprehensive care and treatment would have been impossible amongst other things due to the cost of the medicines and laboratory tests required.”1 Thus the main purpose of this paper is to review the implementation of the CPHA and to report on the new budgets and expenditures for the Comprehensive Plan in the health sector. Special attention is given to the delivery of ARV treatment to AIDS patients.Methods used to collect data for this review included a detailed literature review (desk study analysis) of official government budget and expenditure documents, interviews and email correspondence with key government officials and engagement with the Joint Civil Society Forum formed to monitor the implementation of the CPHA by the Department of Health.
LINKING POVERTY AND INCOME SHOCKS TO RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR: EVIDENCE FROM A PANEL STUDY OF YOUNG ADULTS IN CAPE TOWN
Authors: Dinkelman Taryn , Lam David , Leibbrandt Murray 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIs there a link between household income and income stress, and risky sexual behaviour of young people? Anecdotal and qualitative evidence suggests this may be the case, but there is little quantitative research measuring this relationship. We use two waves of new data from the Cape Area Panel Study to investigate this link for 2,993 African and coloured youths aged 14 to 22 in 2002. In the process, we discuss one type of research design that could allow for a causal interpretation of the effect of income poverty on HIV risk. This design plausibly separates out the effect of income stress from the effect of living in a poor household by comparing behaviours across households with and without negative economic shocks, conditional on baseline income. Our results indicate that females in poorer households are more likely to be sexually active in 2002 and more likely to sexually debut by 2005. In addition, girls in households experiencing negative economic shocks are more likely to reduce condom use between 2002 and 2005. However, they are less likely to have multiple partners in 2002 or have transitioned to multiple partners by 2005. Males who experienced a negative shock are more likely to have multiple partners. Despite the tight research design for assessing shocks, the findings on the impacts of shocks do not generate clear recommendations for policy. There appears to be no systematic difference in condom use at last sex by household income levels or income shocks.