bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pasture vs. concentrate diet on CLA isomer distribution in different tissue lipids of beef cattle
Authors: Dannenberger Dirk , Nuernberg Karin , Nuernberg Gerd , Scollan Nigel , Steinhart Hans , Ender Klaus 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study examined the effects of feeding pasture vs. concentrate on the distribution of CLA isomers in the lipids of longissimus and semitendinosus muscle, liver and heart muscle, and subcutaneous fat in beef bulls. Sixty‐four German Holstein and German Simmental bulls were randomly allocated to either an indoor concentrate system or periods of pasture feeding followed by a finishing period on a concentrate containing linseed to enhance their beef content of n−3 PUFA and CLA. The concentrations of CLA isomers in the different tissues were determined by GC and silver ion HPLC. The diet affected the distribution of individual CLA isomers in the lipids of the different tissues. The concentration (mg/100 g fresh tissue) of the most prominent isomer, cis‐9,trans‐11 18∶2, was increased up to 1.5 times in liver and heart tissue of bulls fed on pasture as compared with concentrate. However, no diet effect was observed for cis‐9,trans‐11 18∶2 in the lipids of longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat. In all tissues, the second‐most abundant CLA isomer in concentratefed bulls was trans‐7,cis‐9 18∶2. In contrast, trans‐11,cis‐13 18∶2 was the second‐most abundant CLA isomer in all investigated tissue lipids of pasture‐fed bulls. The concentration of the trans‐11,cis‐13 18∶2 isomer was up to 15 times higher in tissues of pasture‐fed bulls as compared with concentrate‐fed animals. Furthermone, diet affected the concentrations of the CLA trans,trans 18∶2 isomers. Pasture feeding significantly increased the concentrations of some trans,trans 18∶2 isomers as compared with concentrate, predominantly trans‐12,trans‐14 18∶2 and trans‐11,trans‐13 18∶2. Overall, pasture feeding resulted in significantly increased concentrations of the sum of CLA isomers in the lipids of longissimus, muscle, subcutaneous fat, heart and liver muscle of German Holstein and German Simmental bulls, but not in semitendinosus muscle.
Kinetics of 14C distribution after tracer dose of 14C‐lutein in an adult woman
Authors: de Moura Fabiana F. , Ho Charlene C. , Getachew Girma , Hickenbottom Sabrina , Clifford Andrew J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLutein is an oxygenated carotenoid (xanthophyll) found in dark green leafy vegetables. High intakes of lutein may lower the risk of age‐related macular degeneration. Current understanding of human lutein metabolism as it might occur in vivo is incomplete. Therefore, we conducted a feasibility study where we dosed a normal adult woman with 14C‐lutein (125 nmol, 36 nCi 14C), dissolved in olive oil (0.5 g/kg body weight) and mixed in a banana shake. Blood, urine, and feces collected before the dose was administered served to establish baseline values. There‐after, blood was collected for 63 d following the dose, while feces and urine were collected for 2 wk post‐dose. The 14C contents in plasma, urine, and feces were measured by accelerator MS. The 14C first appeared in plasma 1 h after dosing and reached its highest level,≈2.08% of dose/L plasma, at 14 h post‐dose. The plasma pattern of 14C did not include a chylomicrons/VLDL (intestinal) peak like that when the same subject received 14C‐β‐carotene (a previous test), suggesting that lutein was handled differently from β‐carotene by plasma lipoproteins. Lutein had an elimination half‐life (t1/2) of≈10 d. Forty‐five percent of the dose of 14C was eliminated in feces and 10% in urine in the first 2 d after dosing. Quantifying human lutein metabolism is a fertile area for future research.
Inhibition of 12‐ and 15‐lipoxygenase activities and protection of human and tilapia low density lipoprotein oxidation by I‐Tiao‐Gung (Glycine tomentella)
Authors: Chen Tsui‐Yao , Shiao Ming‐Shi , Pan Bonnie Sun 
Published: November 2006

AbstractI‐Tiao‐Gung, Glycine tomentella, has been used extensively as a traditional herbal medicine to relieve physical pain, but its bioactivity has not been studied systematically. Ninety‐five percent ethanol extracts of G. tomentella (GT‐E) showed antioxidant activity in human plasma by prolonging the lag phase (+Tlag) of Cu2+‐induced, LDL oxidation and were dose dependent. The+Tlag of LDL combined with 3.2 μg/mL GT‐E was similar to that with 2.0 μM (ca. 0.5 μg/mL) Trolox. A similar inhibitory effect was found toward tilapia plasma LDL. In addition, GT‐E inhibited tilapia thrombocyte (nucleated platelet), 5‐, 12‐, and 15‐lipoxygenase (LOX). The IC50 values were 0.43, 0.72, and 0.42 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50 values for nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on 5‐, 12‐, and 15‐LOX were 2.3, 1.6, and 1.7 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 value for cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibition by GT‐E was 42.0 μg/mL, whereas the IC50 value by indomethacin as a positive control was 0.61 μg/mL. The prevention of LDL oxidation and the dual inhibition of LOX and COX‐2 are indicative of the possible roles of I‐Tiao‐Gung in antiatherosclerosis and anti‐inflammation.
Influence of stearic acid on postprandial lipemia and hemostatic function
Authors: Sanders Thomas A. B. , Berry Sarah E. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt has been suggested that fats rich in stearic acid may result in exaggerated postprandial lipenia and have adverse effects on hemostatic function. The effects of test meals containing different saturated and monounsaturated FA were compared in healthy subjects in a series of studies to investigate this hypothesis. Stearic acid, when present as cocoa butter, resulted in similar postprandial lipemia and factor VII activation compared with a meal containing high‐oleic sunflower oil. Stearic acid when presented as shea butter or as randomized stearate‐rich TAG resulted in decreased postprandial lipemia and decreased postprandial activation of factor VII. Stearic acid‐rich test meals did not result in impaired fibrinolytic activity compared with either a lowfat meal or a meal high in oleate. The difference in responses between the different stearic acid‐rich fats appears to be due to varying solid fat contents of the fats at 37°C.
Dietary long‐chain PUFA in the form of TAG or phospholipids influence lymph lipoprotein size and composition in piglets
Authors: Amate Laura , Gil Angel , Ramírez María 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeveral sources of long‐chain PUFA (LCP) are currently available for infant formula supplementation. These oils differ in their FA composition, the chemical form of the FA esters [TAG or phospholipids (PL)], and presence of other lipid components. These differences may affect LCP absorption, distribution, and metabolic fate after ingestion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different chemical forms of dietary LCP on the composition of lymph lipoproteins. Eighteen pigs (5 d old) were bottle‐fed different diets for 2 wk: a control diet (C), a diet containing LCP as TAG from tuna and fungal oils (TF‐TAG), or a diet containing LCP as PL from egg yolk (E‐PL). We measured lipid and FA composition of lymph, main lymph fractions (TAG or PL), and the particle size of lymph lipoproteins. The average diameter of lymph lipoproteins was significantly lower in the E‐PL group compared with the control and TF‐TAG groups (C: 3902±384 Å; TF‐TAG: 3773±384 Å; E‐PL: 2370±185 Å). Arachidonic acid and DHA contents in lymph and lymph‐TAG were significantly higher in the TF‐TAG group compared to the E‐PL group (0.50±0.03 and 0.24±0.03 g/100 g vs. 0.29±0.04 and 0.12±0.03 g/100 g, respectively). The addition to the diet of LCP in the form of TAG or PL affected the size of intestinal lipoproteins and also led to a different distribution of these FA in lymph lipoproteins.
Lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of TG containing acetylenic FA
Authors: Lie Ken Iie Marcel S. F. , Fu Xun , Lau Maureen M. L. , Chye M. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHydrolysis of symmetrical acetylenic TG of type AAA [viz., glycerol tri‐(4‐decynoate), glycerol tri‐(6‐octadecynoate), glycerol tri‐(9‐octadecynoate), glycerol tri‐(10‐undecynoate), and glycerol tri‐(13‐docosynoate)] in the presence of eight microbial lipases was studied. Novozyme 435 (Candida antarctica), an efficient enzyme for esterification, showed a significant resistance in the hydrolysis of glycerol tri‐(9‐octadecynoate) and glycerol tri‐(13‐docosynoate). Hydrolysis of acetylenic TG with Lipolase 100T (Humicola lanuginosa) was rapidly accomplished. Lipase PS‐D (Pseudomonas cepacia) showed a fair resistance toward the hydrolysis of glycerol tri‐(6‐octadecynoate) only, which reflected its ability to recognize the Δ6 positional isomer of 18∶1. Lipase CCL (Candida cylindracea, syn. C. rugosa) and AY‐30 (C. rugosa) were able to catalyze the release of 10‐undecynoic acid and 9‐octadecynoic acid from the corresponding TG, but less readily the 13‐docosynoic acid in the case of glycerol tri‐(13‐docosynoate). The two lipases CCL and AY‐30 were able to distinguish the small difference in structure of fatty acyl moieties in the TG substrate. To confirm this trend, three regioisomers of mixed acetylenic TG of type ABC (containing one each of Δ6, Δ9, and Δ13 acetylenic FA in various positions) were prepared and hydrolyzed with CCL and AY‐40. The results reconfirmed the observation that AY‐30 and CCL were able to distinguish the slight differences in the molecular structure (position of the acetylenic bond and chain length) of the acyl groups in the TG during the hydrolysis of such TG substrates.
Gas chromatographic quantification of fatty acid methyl esters: Flame ionization detection vs. Electron impact mass spectrometry
Authors: Dodds Eric D. , McCoy Mark R. , Rea Lorrie D. , Kennish John M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe determination of FAME by GC is among the most commonplace analyses in lipid research. Quantification of FAME by GC with FID has been effectively performed for some time, whereas detection with MS has been used chiefly for qualitative analysis of FAME. Nonetheless, the sensitivity and selectivity of MS methods advocate a quantitative role for GC‐MS in FAME analysis—an approach that would be particularly advantageous for FAME determination in complex biological samples, where spectrometric confirmation of analytes is advisable. To assess the utility of GC‐MS methods for FAME quantification, a comparative study of GC‐FID and GC‐MS methods has been conducted. FAME in prepared solutions as well as a biological standard reference material were analyzed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS methods using both ion trap and quadrupole MS systems. Quantification by MS, based on total ion counts and processing of selected ions, was investigated for FAME ionized by electron impact. Instrument precision, detection limits, calibration behavior, and response factors were investigated for each approach, and quantitative results obtained by each technique were compared. Although there were a number of characteristic differences between the MS methods and FID with respect to FAME analysis, the quantitative performance of GC‐MS compared satisfactorily with that of GC‐FID. The capacity to combine spectrometric examination and quantitative determination advances GC‐MS as a powerful alternative to GC‐FID for FAME analysis.
Low pH enhances the transfer of carotene from carrot juice to olive oil
Authors: Rich Gillian T. , Fillery‐Travis Annette , Parker Mary L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA current model for carotenoid transport and absorption in the gut proposes an initial solubilization in the oil phase of dietary emulsions followed by incorporation of the carotenoids in mixed bile salt micelles. To assess the relevance of the first stage of this model to what is observed in vivo we have examined the transfer of carotene from carrot juice to olive oil. Increased acidity enhanced the transfer from both whole juice and carotene crystals isolated from both whole juice and carotene crystals isolated from carrot chromoplasts. The transfer was significantly slower from whole juice. By using exogenous β‐carotene and measuring its transfer to oil in the presence and absence of carrot juice we have demonstrated that the inhibition of the transfer in juice arises, at least in part, from soluble juice factors. The inhibition is relieved by a fall in pH, which leads to lowering of the electric potential at the oil/aqueous phase interface and aggregation of carrot tissue including crystalline carotene. Under conditions of low pH, oil droplets adhere to the tissue aggregates, allowing carotene to pass into the oil. Our results provide an explanation for why carotene absorption in vivo is depressed by conditions of low gastric acidity.
GD3 and GM2 synthase activities in rat testes during the period of sexual development
Authors: Gamallo Juana L. G. T. , Trindade Vera M. T. , Bernard Elena A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractActivities of two key enzymes of gangliosides biosynthesis were determined in rat testes during development. GD3 synthase activity was low and showed small variations with age. GM2 synthase activity increased 10‐fold in testes from 10‐ to 30‐d‐old animals, showing a maximum activity at 30 d, followed by a small decrease until 45 d and then a constant activity up to adulthood. These developmental changes in the activity of both glycosyltransferases were related to the increasing complexity in the ganglioside pattern observed in rats testes during the period of sexual development.
LEVELS AND DIFFERENTIALS IN CHILDHOOD MORTALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1977–1998
Authors: NANNAN NADINE , TIMÆUS IAN M. , LAUBSCHER RIA , BRADSHAW DEBBIE 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThis study uses the 1996 Census and the 1998 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to investigate the level of and trend in infant and child mortality and their covariates in South Africa. Census estimates of childhood mortality are higher than those from the DHS. Analysis suggests that the former overestimate mortality while the latter are probably slightly too low. Both inquiries document a reversal of the trend toward lower mortality in the 1990s. Under-five mortality increased by about a third during the five years up to early 1998. By then the infant mortality rate was about 55 per 1000 and under-five mortality 72 per 1000. Other factors may explain the tapering off of the decline in mortality after the late 1980s but AIDS deaths account for its increase. Inequalities in childhood mortality between population groups, rooted in past discriminatory apartheid policies, shrank between the late-1970s and mid-1990s. However, they remain substantial and are largely unaccounted for by province, metropolitan residence and inter-group differences in mothers’ education. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is likely to offset the beneficial impact of post-apartheid pro-poor policies and may exacerbate racial differences in childhood mortality in South Africa. There is an urgent need to improve the routine collection of statistics to monitor child mortality so as to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goals and track inequalities.
Fusion of NUP98 and the SET binding protein 1 (SETBP1) gene in a paediatric acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia with t(11;18)(p15;q12)
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Kerndrup Gitte , Carlsen Niels , Strömbeck Bodil , Isaksson Margareth , Johansson Bertil 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThree NUP98 chimaeras have previously been reported in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL): NUP98/ADD3, NUP98/CCDC28A, and NUP98/RAP1GDS1. We report a T‐ALL with t(11;18)(p15;q12) resulting in a novel NUP98 fusion. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed NUP98 and SET binding protein 1(SETBP1) fusion signals; other analyses showed that exon 12 of NUP98 was fused in‐frame with exon 5 of SETBP1. Nested polymerase chain reaction did not amplify the reciprocal SETBP1/NUP98, suggesting that NUP98/SETBP1 transcript is pathogenetically important. SETBP1 has previously not been implicated in leukaemias; however, it encodes a protein that specifically interacts with SET, fused to NUP214 in a case of acute undifferentiated leukaemia.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonists as potential anti‐inflammatory agents in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Spears M. , McSharry C. , Thomson N. C. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryInhaled corticosteroids are the most effective therapy for chronic persistent asthma and have a role in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, corticosteroids have reduced efficacy in some patients with asthma and fail to halt the progressive deterioration in lung function characteristic of COPD. Additional or alternative drug treatments to corticosteroids are required to improve control of inflammation in patients with therapy resistant airway disease. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) agonists have displayed potent anti‐inflammatory properties in experimental models of asthma and other airway diseases and as a result have the potential to become an additional treatment for asthma and COPD. We review the evidence from these experimental models and their applicability to asthma and COPD and the requirements for future clinical and experimental research.
Do serum leptin levels have a role in the prediction of pregnancy outcome in case of threatened miscarriage?
Authors: Tommaselli Giovanni A. , Di Spiezio Sardo Attilio , Di Carlo Costantino , Bifulco Giuseppe , Cerrota Giuseppe , Cirillo Domenico , Greco Elena , Nappi Carmine 
Published: November 2006

SummaryObjective  To determine whether maternal serum leptin levels can predict pregnancy outcome in cases of threatened miscarriage.Design  Observational study.Patients  Fifty‐seven women with normal pregnancy (group A), 19 women with threatened miscarriage who delivered at term (group B), 22 women with threatened miscarriage with subsequent miscarriage (group C) and 27 women with delayed miscarriage (group D).Measurements  Maternal serum leptin was determined using a commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit.Results  Serum leptin levels were not significantly different among groups A, B and C [median (range) 17·6 (10·1–26·5), 18·2 (12·5–25·6) and 17·3 (11·2–27·6) µg/l, respectively]. Women in group D showed significantly lower serum leptin levels in comparison with other groups [14 (6·7–21·3) µg/l; P < 0·05].Conclusions  Serum leptin levels in the first trimester of pregnancy may not be the primary indicator of miscarriage in cases of threatened abortion.
Elevated circulating adiponectin in type 1 diabetes is associated with long diabetes duration
Authors: Lindström Torbjörn , Frystyk Jan , Hedman Christina A. , Flyvbjerg Allan , Arnqvist Hans J. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryObjective  To study circulating adiponectin concentrations in relation to diabetes duration and endogenous insulin secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes.Patients  Patients with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 6% (reference range 3·6–5·4%) were selected for the study. Twenty‐two men and 24 women [age 41·3 ± 13·8 years (mean ± SD), diabetes duration 4 months to 52 years] participated. Healthy controls (15 women and nine men, age 41·3 ± 13·0 years) were also included. Overnight fasting serum samples were analysed for adiponectin, HbA1c, C‐peptide and lipoproteins.Results  Significant positive associations were found between adiponectin concentrations and diabetes duration in univariate and multiple regression analyses. Serum adiponectin averaged 9·7 ± 5·3 [median 8·1, interquartile range (IQR) 3·6] mg/l in patients with diabetes duration less than 10 years and 17·8 ± 10·7 (median 14·7, IQR 7·5) mg/l in patients with longer duration (P = 0·0001). Among the patients, 24 were without detectable (< 100 pmol/l) and 22 with detectable C‐peptide levels (185 ± 91 pmol/l). C‐peptide levels in controls averaged 492 ± 177 pmol/l. HbA1c was 5·7 ± 0·6% in patients without detectable C‐peptide and 5·6 ± 0·4% in patients with detectable C‐peptide (ns). Serum adiponectin was higher in patients without detectable C‐peptide than in patients with detectable C‐peptide [17·3 ± 11·1 vs. 10·6 ± 5·8 mg/l (P < 0·005)] and in the controls [10·1 ± 2·9 mg/l (P < 0·001 vs. patients without detectable C‐peptide)].Conclusions  The increase in circulating adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes appears to be strongly associated with long diabetes duration, irrespective of the metabolic control. Among other factors, a putative role for residual β‐cell function in the regulation of circulating adiponectin levels can be considered but we did not find sufficient evidence for this in the present study.
Intravenous polyclonal IgM‐enriched immunoglobulin therapy in sepsis: a review of clinical efficacy in relation to microbiological aetiology and severity of sepsis
Authors: NORRBY‐TEGLUND A. , HAQUE K. N. , HAMMARSTRÖM L. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.The efficacy of intravenous polyclonal immunoglobulin (IVIG) as adjunct therapy in sepsis has long been debated. Clinical trials have yielded contradicting results, in part due to the varying study design and varying microbiological aetiologies. In most trials, the study drug has been IVIG containing polyclonal IgG. However, in recent reports, the efficacy of IgM‐enriched IVIG as adjunct therapy in sepsis has been highlighted. Here we review studies on IgM‐enriched IVIG therapy in sepsis and we discuss the clinical efficacy in relation to microbiological aetiology and severity of sepsis. The results suggest that patients most likely to benefit from IgM‐enriched IVIG therapy are those with Gram‐negative septic shock.
Modelling and estimating pollen movement in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) at the landscape scale using genetic markers
Authors: DEVAUX C. , LAVIGNE C. , AUSTERLITZ F. , KLEIN E. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of pollen movement at the landscape scale is important for establishing management rules following the release of genetically modified (GM) crops. We use here a mating model adapted to cultivated species to estimate dispersal kernels from the genotypes of the progenies of male‐sterile plants positioned at different sampling sites within a 10 × 10‐km oilseed rape production area. Half of the pollen clouds sampled by the male‐sterile plants originated from uncharacterized pollen sources that could consist of both large volunteer and feral populations, and fields within and outside the study area. The geometric dispersal kernel was the most appropriate to predict pollen movement in the study area. It predicted a much larger proportion of long‐distance pollination than previously fitted dispersal kernels. This best‐fitting mating model underestimated the level of differentiation among pollen clouds but could predict its spatial structure. The estimation method was validated on simulated genotypic data, and proved to provide good estimates of both the shape of the dispersal kernel and the rate and composition of pollen issued from uncharacterized pollen sources. The best dispersal kernel fitted here, the geometric kernel, should now be integrated into models that aim at predicting gene flow at the landscape level, in particular between GM and non‐GM crops.
Recent Outbreaks of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Type Asia 1 in China
Authors: Guo H. , Liu X. , Liu Z. , Yin H. , Ma J. , Wang Y. , Shang Y. , Zhang Q. , Li D. , Guo J. , Lu Z. , Xie Q. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryFoot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) virus is the aetiological agent of an important disease of livestock and has a great global impact. The outbreak of FMD type Asia 1 in China was first confirmed at the beginning of May 2005. Subsequent outbreaks occurred in 10 areas in different provinces of China.