bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEORI-TEORI EKOLOGI, PSIKOLOGI, DAN SOSIOLOGI UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Anshari Miftah 
Published: March 2024

Manusia dibekali dengan berbagai potensi fitrah yang tidak dimiliki makhluk lainnya, sehingga manusia dapat mengemban dua tugas utama, yaitu sebagai khalifatullah di muka bumi dan juga `abdullah untuk beribadah kepada-Nya. Manusia dengan berbagai potensi tersebut membutuhkan suatu proses pendidikan, sehingga apa yang akan diembannya dapat terwujud.Pendidikan Islam mempunyai peran aktif dalam menciptakan generasi yang mampu berinteraksi sosial dengan baik. Ekologi berhubungan erat dengan tingkatan-tingkatan organisasi makhluk hidup, yaitu populasi, komunitas, dan ekosistem yang saling memengaruhi dan merupakan suatu sistem yang menunjukkan kesatuan. Sebaliknya sosiologi memberikan informasi ke dalam dunia pendidikan tentang nilai-nilai yang berlaku di masyarakat. Psikologi pendidikan Islam merupakan suatu ilmu pengetahuan yang diperuntukkan untuk mengupas tuntas tentang prilaku manusia sebagai pelaku pendidikan berikut potensi dalam upaya pencapaian kesempurnaan dalam hidup manusia itu sendiri sesuai dengan ajaran Islam.Pendidikan agama Islam mengenalkan kepada peserta didik tentang nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam agama Islam agar kelak ilmu yang dimiliki dapat diamalkan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai dan ajaran keagamaan.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN ANAK PRA-SEKOLAH
Authors: Nazopah Nada , Wildan  , Hidayati Nur 
Published: March 2024

Ajaran Agama Islam agar dapat berhasil atau tercapai dengan baik sudah seharusnya ditanamkan sejak usia dini karena pada usia ini anak lebih mudah menerima stimulasi sehingga melalui latihan dan pembiasaan akan membantu pembentukan kepribadian dan moral yang baik pada anak. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan guru dalam menanamkan nilai dan pengalaman ajaran Agama Islam dalam diri anak yang dalam penelitian ini ditekankan pada bimbingan pelaksanaan shalat Dhuha. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan implementasi Pendidikan Agama Islam pada jenjang pendidikan pra-sekolah khususnya shalat Dhuha’ pada siswa di TK Islam Al-Aziziyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembiasaan untuk pelaksanaan shalat Dhuha pada siswa di TK Islam Al-Aziziyah Kapek Gunungsari, Lombok Barat dilaksanakan dengan penerapan metode latihan atau drill yang dimana guru secara langsung membimbing siswa ketika melaksanakan shalat Dhuha. Pelaksanaannya masih belum maksimal karena masih ada anak yang suka main-main dan mengganggu temannya yang sedang shalat. Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan penutup atau akhir shalat Dhuha. Faktor pendukung tersedianya sarana dan prasarana, keaktifan siswa, tersedianya guru pembimbing, dan dukungan orang tua siswa. Permasalahan yang dihadapi yakni dari siswa dilakukan dengan memberikan peringatan, permasalahan dari guru dengan memaksimalkan kemampuan guru dan dari orang tua siswa dilakukan dengan berdiskusi dan bersama menemukan solusi.
Mídias digitais na primeira infância: uma análise qualitativa e longitudinal dos fundamentos das práticas maternas
Authors: Martins Marques Fernanda , Bitencourt Frizzo Giana 
Published: March 2024

Na primeira infância, os cuidadores exercem um papel essencial na relação que as crianças estabelecem com as mídias digitais, mas ainda é necessário compreender melhor onde baseiam suas práticas relacionadas a esse tópico. O objetivo deste estudo longitudinal foi analisar os fundamentos especificamente das práticas maternas relativas às mídias digitais, suas estabilidades e mudanças ao longo da primeira infância, antes e durante a pandemia por COVID-19. Participaram 22 mães com filhos entre cinco e 33 meses de idade na primeira etapa da coleta de dados (pré-pandemia) e entre 32 e 60 meses na segunda fase (durante a pandemia). A partir de análise temática reflexiva de entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre o uso de mídias digitais na família, foram construídos quatro temas que descrevem e interpretam os fundamentos das práticas maternas: Informações sobre uso de mídias digitais na infância, Busca por alternativas às mídias digitais, Reações e comportamentos do bebê/criança e Vivências da própria infância. Ainda que esses fundamentos tenham se mantido os mesmos nas duas etapas, foram observadas algumas alterações nas práticas maternas, relacionadas ao desenvolvimento infantil e a mudanças nas provisões ambientais ocorridas na pandemia. Os resultados sugerem que as práticas maternas relacionadas às mídias digitais são construídas em um processo autoral, ativo e dinâmico. As implicações práticas do estudo incluem aprimorar o suporte individualizado às mães por profissionais de saúde e escolas, fortalecer a rede de apoio no cuidado à criança e ampliar as opções de lazer das famílias.
Palavras-chave: cuidados parentais; desenvolvimento infantil; mídias digitais; pandemia por COVID-19
The role of regional culture in the urban landscape of the embankment
Authors: Yue zixuan 
Published: March 2024

As an important aspect of urban development, urban waterfront landscapes not only serve as significant reflections of the urban image, but are also key factors in attracting tourists and stimulating the development of the tourism industry. As the exclusive cultural resources of the city, regional culture plays an important role in the design of urban coastal landscapes. This article examines the integration of regional culture and the design of urban embankment landscapes and presents several aspects that require careful attention in the design process. Specifically, designers should study local regional cultural elements in detail and introduce them into the urban waterfront landscape so that people can appreciate the uniqueness and significance of local culture. In addition, in the design, it is necessary to carefully consider the scale, amenities and related services of the city in order to create a comfortable, unique and multicultural urban waterfront landscape. This article also offers recommendations for overcoming limitations and future research, as well as discusses market prospects and the commercial value of this design and operational model of urban embankment landscapes, primarily satisfying the spiritual and cultural needs of people. In this paper, proposals and measures are proposed to integrate regional culture into the landscape design of urban embankments in order to create more distinctive, comfortable and pleasant to perceive landscapes of urban embankments. Thanks to the rational use of local culture in combination with the needs of tourists and local residents, it is possible to satisfy various cultural features and needs by creating a landscape design of the city embankment, rich in diverse cultural impressions. In the future, such landscape design and the mode of operation of city embankments, aimed mainly at meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of people, has great prospects for development.
Becoming an image in the cinema: from Lessing and Hegel to S. Eisenstein
Authors: Popova Liana Vladimirovna 
Published: March 2024

The object of the study is the formation of an image in cinema. S.M. Eisenstein defined cinema as a comparison of two methods: the method of image and the method of figurative formation. The image in the cinema is the "image of becoming". The purpose of the study is to trace the evolution of views on the "image of becoming" from G. E. Lessing to G. V. F. Hegel and S. M. Eisenstein. The author refers to the origins of the formation of the "image of becoming", the teachings of G.E. Lessing and G.V.F. Hegel, who had a great influence on S.M. Eisenstein. G.E. Lessing determined that the methods of studying spatial and temporal arts are different. The method of image is a method inherent in spatial arts, the method of becoming is inherent in poetry as a temporary art. G.E. Lessing gave primacy to the method of becoming. G.V.F. Hegel dealt with a similar problem, he formed the doctrine of the "image of becoming" that arises in time. The research is based on the principle of image birth, developed by S.M. Eisenstein, according to whose teaching, an image is born in a montage. Comparative and semiotic methods are used in the study. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the research of the continuity of the doctrine of the "image of becoming", in the study of S. M. Eisenstein's innovation in this matter. According to S. Eisenstein, cinema is a synthetic, space-time art. It is associated with spatial arts, fine arts, architecture, sculpture, as well as with temporary ones: music, poetry. Cinematography is based on the "Dionysus method", which makes cinema related to other forms of play. According to S. Eisenstein, a movie frame is an assembly complex, it has its own design and composition, which makes it related to spatial types of art, as well as rhythm, which makes it related to the arts. Cinema is a complex system of images and signs. S.M. Eisenstein defines cinema as a field of language. The formation of an image in a movie takes place in time.
The Public Control in Russia as a tool for the centralization of the public administration system during the special military operation
Authors: Goncharov Vitalii Viktorovich , Nagaitsev Viktor Valentinovich , Petrenko Elena Gennad'evna 
Published: March 2024

This article is devoted to the legal analysis of the public control in the Russian Federation as a tool for centralizing the public administration system during a special military operation. The authors note that the public administration system in Russia during the period of a special military operation, on the one hand, is experiencing a systemic negative external impact from hostile foreign states and their coalitions, and on the other hand, is being tested for strength due to extreme pressures on both the country's economy (including the military-industrial complex) and and the Russian society. In this regard, it is of particular interest to analyze the main directions of using the institute of public control as a tool for centralizing the public administration system in the Russian Federation. A number of scientific research methods are used in the research, including: formal-logical; historical-legal; comparative-legal; statistical; sociological; method of analyzing specific legal situations. The paper examines the main problems hindering the organization and functioning of subjects of public control as an effective tool for influencing the public administration system in Russia in order to optimize it in the context of a special military operation: the lack of consolidation of this institution in the Basic Law of the country; the exclusion of a number of objects from the subject of Federal Law No. 212-FZ dated 07/21/2014 "On the basics of public control in the Russian Federation"; lack of real powers for subjects of public control; lack of elaboration in scientific legal doctrine and legislation of special forms, methods and types of public control measures in military and emergency situations; lack of elaboration of increased measures of legal responsibility for actions that impede the legitimate activities of subjects of public control; lack of specific types of subjects public control with experience in working under conditions of a special military operation; insufficient use of positive foreign and Soviet experience of public control over the apparatus of public power. The authors have developed and substantiated a system of measures to resolve these problems.
The Action Potential of the Purkinje Fiber: An In Vitro Model for Evaluation of the Proarrhythmic Potential of Cardiac and Noncardiac Drugs
Authors: Picard Sandra , Goineau Sonia , Rouet Rene 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe proarrhythmic potential of new chemical entities can be investigated using in vitro electrophysiological techniques measuring the cardiac action potential in isolated Purkinje fibers. Different types of arrhythmias may occur as early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which are favored by action potential duration lengthening and bradycardia, or as delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), which are facilitated by tachycardia. The effects of a test compound on the occurrence of these arrhythmias, thought to be responsible for the development of torsades de pointes in the clinic can be studied using the experimental protocols described in this unit.
Synthesis of Carbovir and Abacavir from a Carbocyclic Precursor
Authors: Vince Robert , Hua Mei 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of a carbocyclic analog of 2′,3′‐didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxy‐2‐amino‐6‐chloropurine is presented, starting from the versatile lactam, 2‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one. The corresponding anti‐HIV nucleoside analogs, carbovir and its derivative abacavir, are prepared directly from the 6‐chloro intermediate in one‐step reactions.
Isolation of Intermediate Filaments
Authors: Leung Conrad L. , Liem Ronald K.H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) are found in most eukaryotic cells and are made up of various IF proteins. IFs are highly insoluble in conventional extraction buffers and are therefore commonly purified under denaturing condition. Purified IF proteins can be reassembled into filaments by dialysis. At least 65 IF proteins are found in humans, and the procedures for the purification of each subunit vary somewhat, although many basic steps are similar. To illustrate the isolation of IFs, a detailed protocol is described for purifying neurofilament proteins (NFL, NFM, and NFH subunits) from bovine spinal cord. These three proteins form the predominant IF network in mature neurons. An alternative method for the purification of NFL from a prokaryotic expression system is also included. The isolation of recombinant proteins from bacteria is quite straightforward and may therefore be the method of choice for producing and purifying IFs. Finally, there is a discussion of the purification methods of other IF proteins.
Using Dali for Structural Comparison of Proteins
Authors: Holm Liisa , Kääriäinen Sakari , Wilton Chris , Plewczynski Dariusz 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Dali program is widely used for carrying out automatic comparisons of protein structures determined by X‐ray crystallography or NMR. The most familiar version is the Dali server, which performs a database search comparing a query structure supplied by the user against the database of known structures (PDB) and returns the list of structural neighbors by e‐mail. The more recently introduced DaliLite server compares two structures against each other and visualizes the result interactively. The Dali database is a structural classification based on precomputed all‐against‐all structural similarities within the PDB. The resulting hierarchical classification can be browsed on the Web and is linked to protein sequence classification resources. All Dali resources use an identical algorithm for structure comparison. Users may run Dali using the Web, or the program may be downloaded to be run locally on Linux computers.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Wee Joseph , Tan Eng Huat 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unusual in several ways. Its epidemiology, associated with ethnicity, genetic predisposition, viral, and environmental dietary exposure, is unique in itself. In addition, the predilection for certain geographic areas, with relative sparing of adjacent regions is noteworthy. Unjustly perhaps, NPC poses a formidable public health hazard to countries that are relatively compromised in their ability to provide the technical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches considered to be necessary for optimal management today. However, what sets it apart from most diseases is the anatomic challenge it presents to the oncology team because of the proximity of the nasopharynx to critical anatomic structures and the high predilection for distant metastasis once the primary and regional lymph‐node areas are extensively involved, which is all too frequent.

In this chapter we discuss prognostic factors of importance in the management of NPC using the classification proposed earlier in this book. Factors will be considered by whether they relate to the
disease
itself, the patient (or
host
), or the
environment
which influences the opportunity for optimal treatment and diagnosis. The classification may not always apply since, in the case of NPC, there may be overlap among factors and arbitrary placement of factors may be necessary. We will also attempt to categorize the available evidence into factors which are essential to our ability to treat the disease (
essential
factors), those which add valuable information about the disease but do not affect treatment decisions (
additional
factors), and finally those that are being described and may provide important understanding of disease behavior and therapeutic approaches in future years. In the interest of relevance to the treatment of the disease, and for brevity, the discussion of the final group of factors (those termed
new and promising
), will be restricted to experience of patient outcome. Therefore, preclinical studies will not receive attention.

Special attention to the classification of stage of disease will be given. This is because for NPC anatomic features are so important that a relevant and reproducible system of classification merits attention above other prognostic factors. In fact, few diseases received the same level of attention in the preparation of the 5th edition (TNM) stage classification of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). A major revision of the NPC stage was accomplished by a substantial collaborative consultation among radiation oncologists in Southeast Asia, with support from diagnostic radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons there and elsewhere.
Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Brierley James D. , Asa Sylvia L. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thyroid gland is composed of follicular cells, parafollicular cells, and connective tissue with occasional lymphocytes. Each of these cell types can give rise to histologically distinct tumors that differ significantly in behavior, prognosis, and response to treatment. The commonest tumors by far are those derived from follicular epithelial cells; these tumors are classified as differentiated (papillary and follicular), poorly differentiated (insular), and undifferentiated (anaplastic). Medullary thyroid cancers are derived from parafollicular cells. Tumors derived from lymphocytes and connective tissue cells are similar to such lesions elsewhere in the body, but a detailed discussion of those entities is beyond the scope of this chapter.
In one of the earliest studies on prognostic factors in thyroid cancer, the multivariate analysis of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Thyroid Cancer Co‐operative Group, all histologies were combined. The 5‐year survival ranged from 80% in differentiated carcinoma (papillary and follicular), to 55% in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), to 10% in anaplastic carcinoma. Most subsequent studies of prognostic factors in thyroid cancer were developed for individual histologic types [differentiated papillary–follicular, poorly differentiated (insular), medullary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas] and they will be considered separately in this review. Some studies combine papillary and follicular, while others do not. The focus of this chapter is a review of the tumor‐, host‐ and environment‐related prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid cancer, with an additional discussion of prognostic factors in other thyroid histologies.
Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Stein Hubert J. , von Rahden Burkhard H. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In contrast to other tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, independent prognostic factors have only recently been identified in patients with esophageal carcinoma. This is because most studies assessing the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer were retrospective univariate analyses of small patient populations that were usually not treated according to standardized protocols. Due to interrelations between various patient‐ and tumor‐related factors and their alterations by therapeutic strategies, the independent prognostic effect of individual parameters cannot be deducted from these analyses. This can only be achieved by multiple stepwise regression analysis applied to a sufficiently large patient population that has undergone standardized treatment and has been followed for a sufficiently long period of time. Studies that meet these criteria have become available only during the past decade. The chapter critically reviews the currently available literature on prognostic factors in patients with esophageal cancer, which are classified into the three categories: (1) tumor‐ or disease‐related prognostic factors; (2) patient‐related factors; and (3) environment‐ or treatment‐related factors.
Lung Cancer
Authors: Brundage Michael D. , Mackillop William J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Lung cancer is best conceptualized as a group of heterogeneous clinical entities with common molecular and cellular origins, but with different clinical behaviors, and hence, different prognoses. Lung cancer has a major impact on population health; taken together, lung cancers are the most common cause of cancer death in both males and females in North America. Overall, only 13% of patients survive more than 5 years after being diagnosed.
Determining the prognosis for an individual patient with lung cancer is difficult, in part, because the clinical course of the disease in the individual case can evolve along a seemingly infinite combination of branching pathways. Over 90% of lung cancer patients present with signs or symptoms of disease, and since no symptoms or signs are pathognomonic for lung cancer, the disease has a capacity clinically to mimic other cancers and other nonmalignant diseases with a constellation of possible presenting symptoms. These varying presentations, and potential clinical evolutions, are in turn due to the multiple potential manifestations of the primary tumor, metastatic sites of involvement, and paraneoplastic syndromes.
Despite the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations of lung cancer, the prognosis for a population of patients with lung cancer is remarkably predictable. The overall mortality rates for lung cancer in North America over the last 15 years have remained unchanged. A population‐based study of over 12,000 patients with unresected non‐small‐cell lung cancer registered in seven Ontario Regional Cancer Centers (1982–1991) demonstrated no significant differences in patient survival either between Centers or over time. The predictability of population survival outcomes is of limited usefulness, however, due to the marked heterogeneity of patients making up the overall population. Prognostic factors are thus used to divide the overall population of lung cancer patients into subgroups in order to realize the benefits of prognostic stratification. A number of studies have addressed the identification and application of such factors.