bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the
bchP
Gene, Encoding Geranylgeranyl Reductase in
Chlorobaculum tepidum
Authors: Gomez Maqueo Chew Aline , Frigaard Niels-Ulrik , Bryant Donald A. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

The
Chlorobaculum tepidum
genome contains two paralogous genes, CT2256 and CT1232, whose products are members of the FixC dehydrogenase superfamily and have sequence similarity to geranylgeranyl reductases. Each gene was insertionally inactivated, and the resulting mutants were characterized. CT2256 encodes geranylgeranyl reductase (BchP); CT1232 is not involved in bacteriochlorophyll or chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Influence of Quorum Sensing and Iron on Twitching Motility and Biofilm Formation in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Patriquin Glenn M. , Banin Ehud , Gilmour Christie , Tuchman Rivka , Greenberg E. Peter , Poole Keith 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Reducing iron (Fe) levels in a defined minimal medium reduced the growth yields of planktonic and biofilm
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, though biofilm biomass was affected to the greatest extent and at FeCl
3
concentrations where planktonic cell growth was not compromised. Highlighting this apparently greater need for Fe, biofilm growth yields were markedly reduced in a mutant unable to produce pyoverdine (and, so, deficient in pyoverdine-mediated Fe acquisition) at concentrations of FeCl
3
that did not adversely affect biofilm yields of a pyoverdine-producing wild-type strain. Concomitant with the reduced biofilm yields at low Fe concentrations,
P. aeruginosa
showed enhanced twitching motility in Fe-deficient versus Fe-replete minimal media. A mutant deficient in low-Fe-stimulated twitching motility but normal as regards twitching motility on Fe-rich medium was isolated and shown to be disrupted in
rhlI
, whose product is responsible for synthesis of the
N
-butanoyl homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) quorum-sensing signal. In contrast to wild-type cells, which formed thin, flat, undeveloped biofilms in Fe-limited medium, the
rhlI
mutant formed substantially developed though not fully mature biofilms under Fe limitation. C4-HSL production increased markedly in Fe-limited versus Fe-rich
P. aeruginosa
cultures, and cell-free low-Fe culture supernatants restored the twitching motility of the
rhlI
mutant on Fe-limited minimal medium and stimulated the twitching motility of
rhlI
and wild-type
P. aeruginosa
on Fe-rich minimal medium. Still, addition of exogenous C4-HSL did not stimulate the twitching motility of either strain on Fe-replete medium, indicating that some Fe-regulated and RhlI/C4-HSL-dependent extracellular product(s) was responsible for the enhanced twitching motility (and reduced biofilm formation) seen in response to Fe limitation.
SipA Is Required for Pilus Formation in
Streptococcus pyogenes
Serotype M3
Authors: Zähner Dorothea , Scott June R. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Pili are a major surface feature of the human pathogen
Streptococcus pyogenes
(group A streptococcus [GAS]). The T3 pilus is composed of a covalently linked polymer of protein T3 (formerly Orf100 or Fct3) with an ancillary protein, Cpa, attached. A putative signal peptidase, SipA (also called LepA), has been identified in several pilus gene clusters of GAS. We demonstrate that the SipA2 allele of a GAS serotype M3 strain is required for synthesis of T3 pili. Heterologous expression in
Escherichia coli
showed that SipA2, along with the pilus backbone protein T3 and the sortase SrtC2, is required for polymerization of the T3 protein. In addition, we found that SipA2 is also required for linkage of the ancillary pilin protein Cpa to polymerized T3. Despite partial conservation of motifs of the type I signal peptidase family proteins, SipA lacks the highly conserved and catalytically important serine and lysine residues of these enzymes. Substitution of alanine for either of the two serine residues closest to the expected location of an active site serine demonstrated that these serine residues are both dispensable for T3 polymerization. Therefore, it seems unlikely that SipA functions as a signal peptidase. However, a T3 protein mutated at the P-1 position of the signal peptide cleavage site (alanine to arginine) was unstable in the presence of SipA2, suggesting that there is an interaction between SipA and T3. A possible chaperone-like function of SipA2 in T3 pilus formation is discussed.
Hydroxyurea nitrosylates and activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in human erythroid cells
Authors: Cokic Vladan P. , Andric Silvana A. , Stojilkovic Stanko S. , Noguchi Constance T. , Schechter Alan N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHydroxyurea, a drug widely used for treating myeloproliferative diseases, has also been approved for the treatment of sickle cell disease by raising fetal hemoglobin (HbF). We have shown that nitric oxide (NO) and the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathways are involved in hydroxyurea induction of HbF levels in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). We demonstrate now that during erythroid differentiation, endothelial NO synthase mRNA and protein levels decline steadily, as does the production of NO derivatives and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, but guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels are stable. Hydroxyurea increased intracellular cGMP levels and cAMP levels in EPCs. The NO donor, DEANONOate, induced much higher cGMP levels, but reduced cAMP levels. Hydroxyurea (1 mM) induced production of approximately 45 pM cGMP/minute/ng of purified sGC, similar to induction by 1 μM DEANONOate. We found that hydroxyurea and ProliNONOate produced iron-nitrosyl derivatives of sGC. Thus, we confirm that hydroxyurea can directly interact with the deoxy-heme of sGC, presumably by a free-radical nitroxide pathway, and activate cGMP production. These data add to an expanding appreciation of the role of hydroxyurea as an inducer of the NO/cGMP pathway in EPCs. These mechanisms may also be involved in the cytostatic effects of hydroxyurea, as well as the induction of HbF.
Marine natural products as sources of antiviral, antimicrobial, and antineoplastic agents
Authors: Rinehart K. L. , Shaw P. D. , Shield L. S. , Gloer J. B. , Harbour G. C. , Koker M. E. S. , Samain D. , Schwartz R. E. , Tymiak A. A. , Weller D. L. , Carter G. T. , Munro M. H. G. , Hughes R. G. , Renis H. E. , Swynenberg E. B. , Stringfellow D. A. , Vavra J. J. , Coats J. H. , Zurenko G. E. , Kuentzel S. L. , Li L. H. , Bakus G. J. , Brusca R. C. , Craft L. L. , Young D. N. , Connor J. L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Recent searches for superheavy elements in deep-inelastic reactions
Authors: Hulet E. K. , Lougheed R. W. , Nitschke J. M. , Hahn R. L. , Ferguson R. L. , Bruchle W. , Gaggeler H. , Kratz J. V. , Schadel M. , Wirth G. , Herrmann G. , Tittel G. , Trautmann N. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Some recent applications of 13C NMR spectroscopy to the study of the ring-opening polymerization of cycloalkenes and related reactions initiated by metathesis catalysts
Authors: Ivin K. J. , Rooney J. J. , Bencze Lajos , Hamilton J. G. , Lam L.-M. , Lapienis G. , Reddy B. S. R. , Thoi H. H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Biologically active peptides and their mass spectra
Authors: Rinehart K. L. , Cook J. C. , Pandey R. C. , Gaudioso L. A. , Meng Hsi , Moore M. L. , Gloer J. B. , Wilson G. R. , Gutowsky R. E. , Zierath P. D. , Shield L. S. , Li L. H. , Renis H. E. , McGovren J. P. , Canonico P. G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Zeolite structural investigations by high resolution solid state MAS NMR (magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance)
Authors: Kokotailo G. T. , Fyfe C. A. , Kennedy G. J. , Gobbi G. C. , Strobl H. , Pasztor C. T. , Barlow G. E. , Bradley S. , Murphy W. J. , Ozubko R. S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Structure, design, and synthesis of immunoactive peptides
Authors: Ivanov V. T. , Andronova T. M. , Bezrukov M. V. , Rar V. A. , Makarov E. A. , Kozmin S. A. , Astapova M. V. , Barkova T. I. , Nesmeyanov V. A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Interaction of polyamines, their protonated salts and metal complexes with nucleic acid fragments
Authors: Bratek-Wiewiorowska M. D. , Alejska M. , Figlerowicz M. , Barciszewski J. , Wiewiorowski M. , Jaskolski M. , Zielenkiewicz W. , Zielenkiewicz A. , Kaminski M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphodiesters with ribonuclease T1
Authors: Ikehara Morio , Nishikawa S. , Morioka H. , Kim H. J. , Fuchimura Kayoko , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Adiwinata Jeanne , Tanaka T. , Ohtsuka E. , Uesugi S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Thermodynamic, spectroscopic and phase equilibrium investigations on polar fluid mixtures at high pressures
Authors: Schneider G. M. , Ellert Jürgen , Haarhaus Udo , Holscher I. F. , Katzenski-Ohling Gudrun , Kopner Annette , Kulka Jürgen , Nickel D. , Rubesamen J. , Wilsch A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Stereo and regioselective openings of chiral 2,3-epoxy alcohols. Versatile routes to optically pure natural products and drugs. Unusual kinetic resolutions
Authors: Sharpless K. B. , Behrens C. H. , Katsuki Tsutomu , Lee A. W. M. , Martin V. S. , Takatani M. , Viti S. M. , Walker F. J. , Woodard S. S. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Use of macrocyclic polythiaether ligands in structure-reactivity studies of copper (II)/(I)
Authors: Rorabacher D. B. , Bernardo M. M. , Linde A. M. Q. Vande , Leggett G. H. , Westerby B. C. , Martin M. J. , Ochrymowycz L. A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Structure and reactivity of molybdenum clusters with loose coordination site, Mo3[S4P(OEt)2]4L
Authors: Huang J. Q. , Huang J. L. , Shang M. Y. , Lu S. F. , Lin X. T. , Lin Y. H. , Huang M. D. , Zhuang H. H. , Lu J. X. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Novel cytotoxins and fungicides from blue-green algae and marine animals possessing algal symbionts
Authors: Moore R. E. , Banarjee Shanta , Bornemann Volker , Caplan F. R. , Chen J. L. , Corley D. G. , Larsen L. K. , Moore B. S. , Patterson G. M. L. , Paul V. J. , Stewart J. B. , Williams D. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A novel lysine-substituted nucleoside in the first position of the anticodon of minor isoleucine tRNA from Escherichia coli
Authors: Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Muramatsu T. , Horie Nobuyuki , Nishikawa K. , Matsuda A. , Ueda T. , Yamaizumi Ziro , Kuchino Yoshiyuki , Nishimura S. , Miyazawa T. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Novel nitroxides for spin-labelling, -trapping, and magnetic resonance imaging applications
Authors: Keana J. F. W. , Lex Laszlo , Mann J. S. , May J. M. , Park J. H. , Pou S. , Prabhu V. S. , Rosen G. M. , Sweetman B. J. , Wu Y. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Philanthotoxin-433 (PhTx-433), a non-competitive glutamate receptor inhibitor
Authors: Nakanishi K. , Goodnow R. , Konno K. , Niwa M. , Bukownik Rudolph , Kallimopoulos T. A. , Usherwood P. , Eldefrawi A. T. , Eldefrawi M. E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Uniformity of Axial Displacement in Element Testing
Authors: Kim Woosung , Labuz Joseph , Chadbourn Bruce , Loken Marc 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Uniform axial deformation is a basic assumption in element testing, where axial strain typically is determined from displacement measurements. In applying force through rigid platens, however, some rotation may occur such that the fundamental stress field is perturbed. Thus, nonuniformity among measures of axial displacement may be present, and the response may consist of a component due to uniform deformation and a component due to rotation. To estimate this nonuniformity for cylindrical specimens, at least three sensors are needed, and in general, the axial strain cannot be estimated without error from only two sensors. For equiangular placement of three sensors, it is shown that the mean of the displacement readings is equal to the displacement from the uniform component. The rotation does not affect the average value, but the rotation must be calculated to estimate the nonuniformity. The ratio of the measured maximum and minimum displacement does not provide an objective evaluation.
ROBO—A Bench Procedure to Replace Sequence IIIGA Engine Test
Authors: Kinker Bernard G. , Romaszewski Raymond , Palmer Pamela A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A constant quest but a difficult goal is replacement of expensive and lengthy engine tests with more cost effective bench tests. This paper will report on development of a bench test, the ROBO, as a potential replacement for the Sequence IIIGA, an oxidative oil thickening engine test now part of ILSAC GF-4 specifications. Sequence IIIGA, a gasoline fueled engine running under severe conditions, is used to condition oils prior to determining TP-1 MRV viscosity, a cold temperature and low shear rate measurement. After Sequence IIIGA conditioning, candidate oils must meet SAE J300 pumpability limits at no more than 5°C warmer than its original SAE W grade. The ROBO bench procedure has been developed to potentially replace Sequence IIIGA engine aging by mimicking, to the degree possible, oxidative conditions found in the engine conditioning procedure. ROBO conditions were developed by employing the three Sequence IIIG ASTM matrix oils and comparing their used oil rheologies from multiple Sequence IIIG and ROBO runs. The results from the final ROBO conditions compare well not only for TP-1 MRV but also for KV 40°C and CCS. To further test the correlation of bench to engine conditioning, a set of diverse oils (various SAE viscosity grades and DI chemistries) have been examined; these viscometric data from ROBO and Sequence IIIG also compare favorably with only a few anomalies. Finally, the status of industry acceptance of ROBO will be discussed.
Study of Corrosion Initiation of a Steel Panel from a Defect in Coating Using Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS)
Authors: Wu Xiaomei , Wang Tie , Montalvo Eva , Provder Theodore , Handsy Carl , Shen Weidian 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Localized Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS) was used to study corrosion initiation of a cold-rolled steel panel covered by electrodeposited coating (Ecoat). LEIS technique, developed from the conventional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that usually measures the impedance over an area in square centimetres, can measure the impedance of a sample over a much smaller area, which makes it a more appropriate technique for studying the early stage of corrosion initiated from small defects, such as pinholes and voids in the protective coatings. In the presented study, an isolated pinhole in the coating was found first, and then the sample was immersed in a salt solution. Initiation and development of corrosion from the pinhole was closely monitored. LEIS spectra measured in different stages showed interesting variations. The corresponding equivalent circuits were introduced to study the process, followed by brief explanation of the process. The study helped us better understand the mechanism of the corrosion initiation and its early development.
Tolerancing of single point diamond turned diffractive optical elements and optical surfaces
Authors: Bittner R. 
Published: November 2007

Single point diamond turning is now gaining increasing importance with the production of the surfaces for different optical systems such as infrared systems, the prototype production of camera phones or head mounted displays featuring plastic lenses, or master manufacturing for the injection moulding of plastic lenses for mass products.
Tolerances which occur during single point diamond turning of aspheric surfaces and diffractive elements or during polar coordinate laser plotting of computer-generated holograms will be examined. In both cases we expect similar tolerances, because the work piece is rotated in both diamond turning and laser plotting. The objective is to understand the typical tolerances and to simulate their influence on the aberrations in the optical system.
Cold War and Post-Cold War Perspectives on Germany
Authors: Hamburg Roger 
Published: November 2007

Jonathan P.G. Bach, Between Sovereignty and Integration: German Foreign Policy and Identity after 1989 (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999)David F. Patton, Cold War Politics in Postwar Germany (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999)Marc Trachtenberg, A Constructed Peace: The Making of the European Settlement, 1945-1963 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999)Celeste A. Wallander, Mortal Friends, Best Enemies: German-Russian Cooperation after the Cold War (Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1999)
Continuity and Change in Germany's Turbulent Twentieth Century
Authors: Howard Marc Morjé 
Published: November 2007

Carl F. Lankowski, ed., Breakdown, Breakup, Breakthrough: Germany’s Difficult Passage to Modernity (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999)John Brady, Beverly Crawford, and Sarah Elise Wiliarty, eds., The Postwar Transformation of Germany: Democracy, Prosperity, and Nationhood (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999)Christopher S. Allen, ed., Transformation of the German Political Party System: Institutional Crisis or Democratic Renewal? (New York: Berghahn Books, 1999)
The Headaches and Heartaches of Globalization: A Review of Oskar Lafontaine’s Das Herz schlägt links
Authors: Sa'adah Anne 
Published: November 2007

On March 11, 1999, Oskar Lafontaine stunned the Social DemocraticParty by resigning all his public positions: he stepped down asMinister of Finance, chair of the SPD, and member of the Bundestag,summoned his car, and headed for the Saarland. Lafontaineseemed somehow to have believed that he would be able to operatealongside Gerhard Schröder as a kind of co-chancellor; Schröder,predictably, preferred other arrangements. In the postelectioneuphoria of September 1998, the two rivals, whose cooperation hadbeen essential to the social democratic victory, acknowledged theirmutual dependence and pledged their continued “friendship.” In theyear and a half that followed, they clashed constantly: on policy, onpolitics, on appointments.
Immigration and Citizenship in Two Liberal Republics—A Review of Migration and Refugees: Politics and Policies in the United States and Germany
Authors: Hollifield James F. 
Published: November 2007

Myron Weiner, ed., Migration and Refugees: Politics and Policies in the United States and Germany (Providence: Berghahn Books, 1997-1998)Volume 1: Klaus J. Bade and Myron Weiner, eds., Migration Past, Migration Future: Germany and the United StatesVolume 2: Rainer Münz and Myron Weiner, eds., Migrants, Refugees, and Foreign Policy: U.S. and German Policies Toward Countries of OriginVolume 3: Kay Hailbronner, David A. Martin, and Hiroshi Motomura, eds., Immigration Admissions: The Search for Workable Policies in Germany and the United StatesVolume 4: Kay Hailbronner, David A. Martin, and Hiroshi Motomura, eds., Immigration Controls: The Search for Workable Policies in Germany and the United StatesVolume 5: Peter Schuck and Rainer Münz, eds., Paths to Inclusion: The Integration of Migrants in the United States and Germany
Between Logic and Politics: Three Recent Books on Heidegger
Authors: Gordon Peter Eli 
Published: November 2007

Julian Young, Heidegger, philosophy, Nazism (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997)Herman Philipse, Heidegger’s Philosophy of Being: A Critical Interpretation. (Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998)Michael Friedman, A Parting of the Ways: Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger (Chicago: Open Court, 2000)
&quot;The Way We Are Today&quot;: Women Assess the Past
Authors: Sy-Quia Hilary Collier 
Published: November 2007

Elke P. Frederiksen and Martha Kaarsberg Wallach eds., Facing Fascism and Confronting the Past. German Women Writers from Weimar to the Present (Albany, 2000)Lorna Martens, The Promised Land? Feminist Writing in the German Democratic Republic (Albany, 2001)
Cinematic Ciphers: Postdamer Platz, Berlin
Authors: O'Sickey Ingeborg Majer 
Published: November 2007

In November 1993, more than fifty years after patrons of the popularCafé Josty on the famed Potsdamer Platz in Berlin came to enjoy agood cup of coffee and a piece of cake, or smoke a rare fine cigarbefore the bombs would raze the café to the ground, a hydraulic excavator’sbucket stopped in mid-air and miraculously saved five whiteporcelain cups with the initials CJ engraved upon each one in red.The delicate cups had rested under no more than ten feet of loose soiland rubble near the place where the café’s basement had been. Thebombs that fell on the Potsdamer Platz between 1943 and May 1945and a scoop by an excavator bucket bookend a series of perilous situationsthe cups survived. The East German regime sent tanks acrossthe square during the uprising in June of 1953, and the wall separatingBerlin was built right through the middle of it in August of 1961.After lying dormant and overgrown with weeds for many of its subsequentthirty years, the Potsdamer Platz was finally all but leveled; theWeinhaus Huth was the only building that escaped the dynamite andwrecker ball. The swing of the wrecking ball made room for the mostcontroversial construction project in recent German history: the citywithin-a-city Daimler-Benz would build on the Potsdamer Platz.
Experimentalism as a Tool of Economic Innovation in Germany
Authors: Jacoby Wade , Behrens Martin 
Published: November 2007

Our purpose in this article is to analyze changes in the German wagebargaining system, a system that has attracted enormous attentionfrom scholars of comparative political economy and comparativeindustrial relations. We argue that the wage bargaining portion ofthe German model is neither frozen in place, headed for deregulation,nor merely “muddling through.” Rather, we see the institutionalcapacities of the key actors—especially the unions and employerassociations—making possible a process we term “experimentalism.”In briefest form, experimentalism allows organizations that combinedecentralized information-gathering abilities with centralized decision-making capacity to probe for new possibilities, which, oncefound, can be quickly diffused throughout the organization. We willshow that the capacity for such experimentalism varies across actorsand sectors. And, to make things even tougher, neither major Germansocial actor can sustain innovation in the longer term withoutbringing along the other “social partner.”
Un-settling Scores: A Review of Michael H. Kater's Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits
Authors: Whiting Steven M. 
Published: November 2007

After Different Drummers (1992) and The Twisted Muse (1997), MichaelH. Kater has presented Composers of the Nazi Era: Eight Portraits, as“the last in a trilogy on the interrelationship between sociopoliticalforces on the one side, and music and musicians in the Third Reich,on the other” (264). The author is Distinguished Research Professorof History at the Canadian Centre for German and European Studies(York University). The author of the present review, a musicologist,must express his gratitude to Professor Kater for helping tomake it professionally unacceptable to restrict oneself anymore to“the music itself” when considering certain composers active in Germanyof the 1930s. By the same token, Kater’s reticence about “themusic itself” (which presumably springs from humility) will leavemany a musicologist itching to adduce (if not consult) the scores toconfirm or to contest Kater’s points, for Kater is writing about lives,not works, unless the works have impinged on biographical issues.