bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
University business students' perceptions of retail shopping behaviour
Authors: McKenzie Brent 
Published: January 2008

PurposeRetail shopping behaviour is one of the major tenets of the retail marketing literature. The purpose of this research is to presents the empirical findings of two quantitative studies of Estonian and Canadian university students' interpretation and perceptions of retail shopping behaviour.Design/methodology/approachPaper and pencil questionnaires administered in Estonia and Canada. The data was analysed from two perspectives. The first was to determine if the retail service quality construct differed between the two samples, and secondly to use using confirmatory factor analysis, and regression analysis to test a model of shopping behaviour and to make comparisons between the shopping behaviour of university students in the two countries.FindingsThe results indicate a level of commonality in retail shopping perceptions, as well as non‐trivial differences in how shopping practice in terms of the construct structure, and individual service drivers, should be theorized. The Canadian sample indicated a greater focus on retail service quality perception at the sub‐dimension level while the Estonian sample indicated a greater focus on retail service quality at an overall or integrated level.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited as to the consumer type (university students) selected. This limitation is lessened as the university age sector represents one of the most dynamic and growing segments of the Estonian retail market.Practical implicationsRetail sales per capita within Estonia, and the other Baltic states, represents the fastest growing region in the European Union. Thus, there is a need for empirical and academic research that attempts to highlight the transferable (i.e. western) and the solely domestic consumer knowledge that will allow this growth to continue. Caution needs to be taken when simply implementing best retail practices from the West as erroneous conclusions may be drawn. It may not be the practices from the West that are fuelling the retail success, and thus research such as this helps to draw attention to the need to understand the more sustainable localized nature of retail shopping behaviour.Originality/valueThis paper represents an initial focus on an unknown area of retailing research.
The future of Rhineland capitalism across the Polish‐German border
Authors: Bátiz‐Lazo Bernardo , Locke Robert R. , Müller Kristine 
Published: January 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to look at the past development and potential of the Rhenish capitalist governance “model”. The paper aims to discuss the origins and nature of the model. The main focus is on the model's in crisis and its specific role within the transformation processes of Central‐Eastern European economies. East‐Central Europe is where, it is contended, Rhineland capitalism's future will be decided.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on archival research (including current writings) the paper draws out two salient features of the Rhenish capitalist model which would be relevant to explore bank customers perceptions of bank governance and practice in the Polish‐German city of Zgorzelec‐Görlitz. The experience of Dresdner Bank is stressed and the fact that the local people not long before lived under a Socialist regime.FindingsThe paper contends that the abandonment of the social harmony structured into the Rhineland model would be a great pity, since the 100 years of effort it took to create it would go down the drain.Originality/valueThe paper ascertains the presence of German management traditions as opposed to Anglo‐American approaches to management in the context of retail bank markets in a border region.
Visionary entrepreneurial leadership in the aircraft industry
Authors: D'Intino Robert S. , Boyles Trish , Neck Christopher P. , Hall John R. 
Published: January 2008

PurposeIn the early twenty‐first century organization scholars and managers face an economic outlook full of daunting challenges. With investors, workers, and other stakeholders distressed and hostile toward corporate executives and boards due to recent corporate scandals, the future for many industries and firms appears grim. In what ways can business history help corporate managers and new venture entrepreneurs overcome these leadership challenges? This paper seeks to uncover practices throughout the Boeing Company's management history that offer today's executives and board members numerous examples of industry vision and leadership.Design/methodology/approachVisionary leadership theory is used to help understand Boeing's actions. A theory of visionary entrepreneurial leadership is proposed based on Boeing's history. Four specific cases of aircraft design and development decisions and actions are presented as examples of executive and board directors' vision and leadership.FindingsBoeing has served as the aircraft industry's innovator and leader for over nine decades by designing and building path‐breaking airplanes when no other aircraft manufacturer would venture similar risks to their reputation and capital. Furthermore, Boeing executives and board directors have repeatedly made risky decisions that – if the prototype literately crashed and burned – would probably bankrupt the company. Management's vision was always on the next great airplane, never on individual image or personal wealth.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research directions are presented suggesting a focus on firm executives and boards of directors' decisions and how these decisions influence industry wide innovation and development.Originality/valueThe paper analyses the leadership attributes of Boeing executives over the last nine decades.
Ibn Khaldun of North Africa: an AD 1377 theory of leadership
Authors: Sidani Yusuf M. 
Published: January 2008

PurposeThis paper's purpose is to present the works of a North African early contributor to sociological theory, Ibn Khaldun (1332‐1406), specifically pertaining to his conceptualization of leadership and the role of asabiya (group feeling) in leadership emergence.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the Muqadimmah, (Prolegomena or the introduction), which contained his most important views of the issue.FindingsThe paper develops an early model of leadership as described by Ibn Khaldun. This research study presents a different understanding of leadership that has applicability in a different era and in a different culture. The paper summarizes Ibn Khaldun's views on human nature, how leadership emerges, and the role of group feeling or asabiya in leadership situations.Practical implicationsThe paper presents some implications of Ibn Khaldun's work for understanding leadership dynamics in a non‐western cultural context. It is suggested here that many of Ibn Khaldun's leadership propositions have particular significance for several non‐Western societies especially in the Middle East and North Africa.Originality/valueThe paper argues, that leadership research could benefit from the contributions of Ibn Khaldun in developing models that take different cultures into perspective.
On Nonlinear Rotor Dynamic Effects of Aerodynamic Bearings With
Simple Flexible Rotors
Authors: Bou-Saïd B. , Grau G. , Iordanoff I. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The last decades have experienced a growing enhancement of aeronautical oil free turbomachinery. The classical linear approach of rotor dynamics commonly uses stiffness and damping coefficients to model journal bearings. In the present study, a nonlinear time dependant calculation is used for the dynamic simulation of a rotor mounted with aerodynamic (gas) bearings. A comparison between the two approaches indicates that the dynamic behavior of such bearings can be nonlinear in operating ranges where the rotor eccentricity reaches high values. In that case, the linear approach may lead to incorrect results and the nonlinear approach should be performed for better rotor dynamic prediction. A numerical procedure which analyzes the dynamic behavior of simple flexible rotors taking into account the nonlinear (transient regime) characteristics of aerodynamic bearings is presented. A simple example highlights the needs of nonlinear simulations in order to predict dynamic performance in oil-free turbomachinery.
Numerical and Experimental Damping Assessment of a Thin-Walled
Friction Damper in the Rotating Setup With High Pressure Turbine
Blades
Authors: Szwedowicz J. , Gibert C. , Sommer T. P. , Kellerer R. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Underplatform friction dampers are possible solutions for minimizing vibrations of rotating turbine blades. Solid dampers, characterized by their compact dimensions, are frequently used in real applications and often appear in patents in different forms. A different type of the friction damper is a thin-walled structure, which has larger dimensions and smaller contact stresses on a wider contact area in relation to the solid damper. The damping performance of a thin-walled damper, mounted under the platforms of two rotating, freestanding high pressure turbine blades, is investigated numerically and experimentally in this paper. The tangential and normal contact stiffness that are crucial parameters in optimal design of any friction damper are determined from three-dimensional finite element computations of the contact behavior of the damper on the platform including friction and centrifugal effects. The computed contact stiffness values are applied to nonlinear dynamic simulations of the analyzed blades coupled by the friction damper of a specified mass. These numerical analyses are performed in the modal frequency domain, which is based on the harmonic balance method for the complex linearization of friction forces. The numerical dynamic results are in good agreement with the measured data of the real mistuned system. In the analyzed excitation range, the numerical performance curve of the thin-walled damper is obtained within the scatter band of the experimental results. For the known friction coefficients and available finite element and harmonic balance tools, the described numerical process confirms its usability in the design process of turbine blades with underplatform dampers.
Analysis of the Effect of Strip Buckling on Stability of Strip Lateral Motion With Application to Cold Rolling of Steel
Authors: Tarnopolskaya T. , Gates D. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA sudden loss of lateral stability (strip track-off) is a serious operational problem in cold rolling of steel that often leads to catastrophic consequences such as mill crashes and roll damage. This paper studies the causes of instability in lateral motion of a metal strip in a single span between the uncoiler and the first stand of a cold rolling mill. A mathematical model of strip lateral dynamics that includes a rolling mill model and a simplified physically based model of strip buckling is formulated. The numerical analysis of the model reveals that in the presence of strip buckling, the lateral motion becomes unstable once a critical level of asymmetry in rolling conditions is exceeded. The critical level of asymmetry increases with the increase in the tension applied to the strip. Below this critical level of asymmetry, a sudden transition to unstable motion occurs if a critical lateral deviation is reached. This paper demonstrates that the buckling of the strip can be responsible for lateral instability. The results of this paper explain the sudden onset of instability observed in metal rolling and the stabilizing effect of the tension applied to the strip, known in rolling practice.
Prevalence and Abundance of Uncultivated
Megasphaera
-Like Bacteria in the Human Vaginal Environment
Authors: Zozaya-Hinchliffe Marcela , Martin David H. , Ferris Michael J. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Cultivation-independent analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences in vaginal samples revealed two previously unrecognized, uncultivated
Megasphaera
-like phylotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and environmental distribution suggest that these
Megasphaera
types may be unique to the vaginal environment. Quantitative PCR suggests that both phylotypes are present in higher concentrations in women with bacterial vaginosis.
The Exotic Legume Tree Species
Acacia holosericea
Alters Microbial Soil Functionalities and the Structure of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community
Authors: Remigi P. , Faye A. , Kane A. , Deruaz M. , Thioulouse J. , Cissoko M. , Prin Y. , Galiana A. , Dreyfus B. , Duponnois R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

The response of microbial functional diversity as well as its resistance to stress or disturbances caused by the introduction of an exotic tree species,
Acacia holosericea
, ectomycorrhized or not with
Pisolithus albus
, was examined. The results show that this ectomycorrhizal fungus promotes drastically the growth of this fast-growing tree species in field conditions after 7 years of plantation. Compared to the crop soil surrounding the
A. holosericea
plantation, this exotic tree species, associated or not with the ectomycorrhizal symbiont, induced strong modifications in soil microbial functionalities (assessed by measuring the patterns of in situ catabolic potential of microbial communities) and reduced soil resistance in response to increasing stress or disturbance (salinity, temperature, and freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles). In addition,
A. holosericea
strongly modified the structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus communities. These results show clearly that exotic plants may be responsible for important changes in soil microbiota affecting the structure and functions of microbial communities.
A Novel Gene, Encoding 6-Hydroxy-3-Succinoylpyridine Hydroxylase, Involved in Nicotine Degradation by
Pseudomonas putida
Strain S16
Authors: Tang Hongzhi , Wang Shuning , Ma Lanying , Meng Xiangzhou , Deng Zixin , Zhang Dake , Ma Cuiqing , Xu Ping 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Previous research suggested that
Pseudomonas
spp. may attack the pyrrolidine ring of nicotine in a way similar to mammalian metabolism, resulting in the formation of pseudooxynicotine, the direct precursor of a potent tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. In addition, the subsequent intermediates, 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine (HSP) and 2,5-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) in the
Pseudomonas
nicotine degradation pathway are two important precursors for drug syntheses. However, there is little information on the molecular mechanism for nicotine degradation via the pyrrolidine pathway until now. In this study we cloned and sequenced a 4,879-bp gene cluster involved in nicotine degradation. Intermediates
N
-methylmyosmine, pseudooxynicotine, 3-succinoylpyridine, HSP, and DHP were identified from resting cell reactions of the transformant containing the gene cluster and shown to be identical to those of the pyrrolidine pathway reported in wild-type strain
Pseudomonas putida
S16. The gene for 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylpyridine hydroxylase (HSP hydroxylase) catalyzing HSP directly to DHP was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in
Escherichia coli
, and the purified HSP hydroxylase (38 kDa) is NADH dependent. DNA sequence analysis of this 936-bp fragment reveals that the deduced amino acid shows no similarity with any protein of known function.
Molecular Analysis of Maltotriose Active Transport and Fermentation by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Reveals a Determinant Role for the
AGT1
Permease
Authors: Alves Sergio L. , Herberts Ricardo A. , Hollatz Claudia , Trichez Debora , Miletti Luiz C. , de Araujo Pedro S. , Stambuk Boris U. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Incomplete and/or sluggish maltotriose fermentation causes both quality and economic problems in the ale-brewing industry. Although it has been proposed previously that the sugar uptake must be responsible for these undesirable phenotypes, there have been conflicting reports on whether all the known α-glucoside transporters in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(
MALx1
,
AGT1
, and
MPH2
and
MPH3
transporters) allow efficient maltotriose utilization by yeast cells. We characterized the kinetics of yeast cell growth, sugar consumption, and ethanol production during maltose or maltotriose utilization by several
S. cerevisiae
yeast strains (both
MAL
constitutive and
MAL
inducible) and by their isogenic counterparts with specific deletions of the
AGT1
gene. Our results clearly showed that yeast strains carrying functional permeases encoded by the
MAL21
,
MAL31
, and/or
MAL41
gene in their plasma membranes were unable to utilize maltotriose. While both high- and low-affinity transport activities were responsible for maltose uptake from the medium, in the case of maltotriose, the only low-affinity (

K
m

, 36 ± 2 mM) transport activity was mediated by the
AGT1
permease. In conclusion, the
AGT1
transporter is required for efficient maltotriose fermentation by
S. cerevisiae
yeasts, highlighting the importance of this permease for breeding and/or selection programs aimed at improving sluggish maltotriose fermentations.
Infections Caused byScedosporiumspp
Authors: Cortez Karoll J. , Roilides Emmanuel , Quiroz-Telles Flavio , Meletiadis Joseph , Antachopoulos Charalampos , Knudsen Tena , Buchanan Wendy , Milanovich Jeffrey , Sutton Deanna A. , Fothergill Annette , Rinaldi Michael G. , Shea Yvonne R. , Zaoutis Theoklis , Kottilil Shyam , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYScedosporiumspp. are increasingly recognized as causes of resistant life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients.Scedosporiumspp. also cause a wide spectrum of conditions, including mycetoma, saprobic involvement and colonization of the airways, sinopulmonary infections, extrapulmonary localized infections, and disseminated infections. Invasive scedosporium infections are also associated with central nervous infection following near-drowning accidents. The most common sites of infection are the lungs, sinuses, bones, joints, eyes, and brain.Scedosporium apiospermumandScedosporium prolificansare the two principal medically important species of this genus.Pseudallescheria boydii, the teleomorph ofS. apiospermum, is recognized by the presence of cleistothecia. Recent advances in molecular taxonomy have advanced the understanding of the genusScedosporiumand have demonstrated a wider range of species than heretofore recognized. Studies of the pathogenesis of and immune response toScedosporiumspp. underscore the importance of innate host defenses in protection against these organisms. Microbiological diagnosis ofScedosporiumspp. currently depends upon culture and morphological characterization. Molecular tools for clinical microbiological detection ofScedosporiumspp. are currently investigational. Infections caused byS. apiospermumandP. boydiiin patients and animals may respond to antifungal triazoles. By comparison, infections caused byS. prolificansseldom respond to medical therapy alone. Surgery and reversal of immunosuppression may be the only effective therapeutic options for infections caused byS. prolificans.
Response ofSchizosaccharomyces pombeto Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Dainty Samantha J. , Kennedy Ciara A. , Watt Stephen , Bähler Jürg , Whitehall Simon K. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTA component of the cellular response to zinc deficiency operates via control of transcript abundance. Therefore, microarray analysis was employed to identifySchizosaccharomyces pombegenes whose mRNA levels are regulated by intracellular zinc status. A set of 57 genes whose mRNA levels were substantially reduced in response to zinc deficiency was identified, while the mRNA levels of 63 genes were increased by this condition. In order to investigate the mechanisms that control these responses, a genetic screen was employed to identify mutants with defective zinc-responsive gene expression. Two strains (II-1 and V7) that were identified by this screen harbor mutations that are linked tozrt1+, which encodes a putative Zrt/IRT-like protein (ZIP) zinc uptake transporter. Importantly,zrt1+mRNA levels are increased in response to zinc deprivation, and cells lacking functional Zrt1 are highly impaired in their ability to proliferate at limiting zinc concentrations. Furthermore,zrt1null cells were found to have severely reduced zinc contents, indicating that Zrt1 functions as a key regulator of intracellular zinc levels in fission yeast. The deletion offet4+, another zinc-responsive gene encoding a putative metal ion transporter, exacerbated the phenotypes associated with the loss of Zrt1, suggesting that Fet4 also plays a role in zinc uptake under limiting conditions.
Cloning and Genetic Analyses of the Bacteriocin 41 Determinant Encoded on the
Enterococcus faecalis
Pheromone-Responsive Conjugative Plasmid pYI14: a Novel Bacteriocin Complemented by Two Extracellular Components (Lysin and Activator)
Authors: Tomita Haruyoshi , Kamei Elizabeth , Ike Yasuyoshi 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

The conjugative plasmid pYI14 (61 kbp) was isolated from
Enterococcus faecalis
YI714, a clinical isolate. pYI14 conferred a pheromone response on its host and encoded bacteriocin 41 (
bac41
). Bacteriocin 41 (Bac41) only showed activity against
E. faecalis
. Physical mapping of pYI14 showed that it consisted of EcoRI fragments A to P. The clone pHT1100, containing EcoRI fragments A (12.6 kbp) and H (3.5 kbp), conferred the bacteriocin activity on
E. faecalis
strains. Genetic analysis showed that the determinant was located in a 6.6-kbp region within the EcoRI AH fragments. Six open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in this region and designated ORF7 (

bacL
1

) ORF8 (

bacL
2

), ORF9, ORF10, ORF11 (
bacA
), and ORF12 (
bacI
). They were aligned in this order and oriented in the same direction. ORFs

bacL
1

,

bacL
2

,
bacA
, and
bacI
were essential for expression of the bacteriocin in
E. faecalis
. Extracellular complementation of bacteriocin expression was possible for

bacL
1

and -

L
2

and
bacA
mutants.

bacL
1

and -

L
2

and
bacA
encoded bacteriocin component L and activator component A, respectively. The products of these genes are secreted into the culture medium and extracellularly complement bacteriocin expression.
bacI
encoded immunity, providing the host with resistance to its own bacteriocin activity. The

bacL
1

-encoded protein had significant homology with lytic enzymes that attack the gram-positive bacterial cell wall. Sequence data for the deduced

bacL
1

-encoded protein suggested that it has a domain structure consisting of an N-terminal signal peptide, a second domain with the enzymatic activity, and a third domain with a three-repeat structure directing the proenzyme to its cell surface receptor.