bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of vaccination with a commercial subunit vaccine on shedding of Salmonella enterica in subclinically infected dairy cows
Authors: Heider Luke C. , Meiring Richard W. , Hoet Armando E. , Gebreyes Wondwossen A. , Funk Julie A. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Objective—To estimate the efficacy of a commercially available Salmonella enterica subunit vaccine on the subclinical shedding of S enterica in dairy cattle.
Design—Randomized, controlled trial.
Animals—175 mature cows on 2 dairy farms with a history of S enterica infection.
Procedures—25% of the mature cows from each herd were systematically randomized to receive an S enterica subunit vaccine following label guidelines. The remaining 75% of cows in each herd served as nonvaccinated controls. Fecal samples were collected from all cows at the time of initial vaccination (day 0), booster vaccination (day 14), 2 weeks following the booster vaccination (day 28), and 10 weeks following the start of the trial (day 70). All samples were processed on the day of collection and cultured for S enterica.
Results—651 fecal samples were obtained over the entire study period. Salmonella enterica was recovered from 46 (7.1%) of the samples. Shedding of S enterica was similar for vaccinated and nonvaccinated control cows on each of the collection dates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The study revealed no evidence that extralabel vaccination with a commercial subunit S enterica vaccine reduced shedding of S enterica in subclinically infected dairy cows in these herds.
Evaluation of five clinical chemistry analyzers for use in health assessment in sea turtles
Authors: Wolf Karen N. , Harms Craig A. , Beasley Jean F. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Objective—To compare blood biochemical values obtained from a handheld analyzer, 2 tabletop analyzers, and 2 diagnostic laboratories by use of replicate samples of sea turtle blood.
Design—Validation study.
Animals—22 captive juvenile sea turtles.
Procedures—Sea turtles (18 loggerhead turtles [Caretta caretta], 3 green turtles [Chelonia mydas], and 1 Kemp's ridley turtle [Lepidochelys kempii]) were manually restrained, and a single blood sample was obtained from each turtle and divided for analysis by use of the 5 analyzers. Hematocrit and concentrations or activities of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, glucose, total protein, albumin, BUN, uric acid, P, Ca, K, Na, Cl, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Median values for each analyte were compared among the analyzers.
Results—Significant differences were found among the analyzers for most values; however, data obtained from the 2 diagnostic laboratories were similar for all analytes. The magnitude of difference between the diagnostic laboratories and in-house units was ≥ 10% for 10 of the 15 analytes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Variance in the results could be attributed in part to differences in analyzer methodology. It is important to identify the specific methodology used when reporting and interpreting biochemical data. Depending on the variable and specific case, this magnitude of difference could conceivably influence patient management.
Internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments of a shallow preliminary reservoir
Authors: Dondajewska Renata 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The aim of the studies done in a shallow preliminary reservoir (western Poland) was to determine the intensity and seasonal variability of phosphorus release from bottom sediments. Ex situ studies were done using intact sediment cores taken in succeeding seasons at 3 research stations. The highest phosphorus loading was observed in spring (May and April), both in 2005 and 2006. The range of loading was between 23.7 and 66.6 mgP m-2 d-1. More intensive phosphorus release during warmer months was caused by microbiological decomposition of fresh organic matter, comprised of decaying filamentous algae from the previous vegetation season. Spatial variability resulted from differences in water depth between stations and in the biomass of filamentous green algae in 2005.
Natural and anthropogenic transformations of water and marsh vegetation in Lake Zbęchy (Wielkopolska Region)
Authors: Gołdyn Hanna , Arczyńska-Chudy Ewa , Pińskwar Piotr , Jezierska-Madziar Maria 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Lake Zbęchy is situated in the General Chłapowski Landscape Park, which is the model of a rural area that has been subjected to agricultural pressure for many years. Over a thirty-year period (1976-2006) serious changes in the plant associations of Lake Zbęchy have occurred. The maximal depth of plant occurrence decreased from 3.6 m in 1976 to 2 m at present. The area overgrown by submerged macrophytes decreased from 13 to 0.2 ha. The community of Nitellopsidetum obtusae that dominated the belt of submerged plants during the 1970s has entirely disappeared from the lake. The decreasing phytolittoral area in the lake is the result of progressive lake eutrophication and water pollution. The transformations of reed and sedge communities are of a partially natural and partially anthropogenic character. The ecological status of the lake has deteriorated significantly. The ecological state of the lake in 1976 was good according to the Water Framework Directive. Currently, it is sufficient, but the ESMI value of 0.21 only slightly exceeds that of a bad ecological state (0.20-0.00). The level of lake development in the succession process was between mature and aged in 1976; now it is classified as definitely aged.
Microbial efficiency in a meromictic reservoir
Authors: Mazurkiewicz-Boroń Grażyna , Bednarz Teresa , Wilk-Woźniak Elżbieta 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Indices of microbial efficiency (expressed as oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide release) were determined in the water column of the meromictic Piaseczno Reservoir (in an opencast sulphur mine), which is rich in sulphur compounds. Phytoplankton abundances were low in both the mixolimnion (up to 15 m depth) and monimolimnion (below 15 m depth). In summer and winter, carbon dioxide release was 3-fold and 5-fold higher, respectively, in the monimolimnion than in the mixolimnion. Laboratory enrichments of the sulphur substrate of the water resulted in a decrease in oxygen consumption rate of by about 42% in mixolimnion samples, and in the carbon dioxide release rate by about 69% in monimolimnion samples. Water temperature, pH and bivalent ion contents were of major importance in shaping the microbial metabolic efficiency in the mixolimnion, whilst in the monimolimnion these relationships were not evident.
Epiphytic algae on Stratiotes aloides L., Potamogeton lucens L., Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Chara spp. in a macrophyte-dominated lake
Authors: Toporowska Magdalena , Pawlik-Skowrońska Barbara , Wojtal Agata 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Epiphytic algae occurring on submerged macrophytes were investigated as part of a study on the ecological status of a shallow macrophyte-dominated lake, Lake Skomielno, which has been used for recreation and fishery. Relatively high variability in biomass (DM) and chlorophyll a contents in epiphyton on particular plants was noted. Generally, the biomass of epiphytic algae was much higher in spring and autumn than in summer. In total, 335 taxa were found on the studied macrophytes with representatives of the Chlorophyta (143 taxa) and Heterokontophyta class Bacillariophyceae (131 taxa) dominating. The species composition of epiphytic algae was related to host plant and seasons, the highest species richness was observed on Stratiotes aloides in spring and on Potamogeton lucens in autumn. The Jaccard similarity index revealed differentiation of diatom communities between the macrophytes. Our data suggest that in the studied lake S. aloides and P. lucens can provide better habitat conditions for higher numbers of epiphytic taxa, abundances and epiphyton standing crop than Ceratophyllum demersum and Chara spp. can. The dominance of diatom species (e.g. Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grun.) Williams & Round, Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kütz.) Czarnecki, and Cocconeis placentula Ehrenb.) that are known as bioindicators of slightly alkaline, sufficiently oxygen-saturated and meso-eutrophic waters corresponds well with the physico-chemical parameters of Lake Skomielno.
Effects of cooling water discharges from a power plant on reservoir water quality
Authors: Kowalski Eligiusz , Mazierski Jerzy 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The use of natural or artificial water reservoirs by thermal power plants for cooling purposes alterswater ecosystems. Water ecosystems are mainly subjected to the abiotic influences of higher temperature and increased mixing. This study presents the thermal and oxygen conditions in a lake used for cooling water as well as the chemical changes occurring in it. There is a spatial differentiation in the temperature of the water surface over time periods (in summer and winter).
The vertical water temperature changes were definitely different from those of natural, unaffected lakes. Apart from a higher average water temperature, typical mixing and stratification periods were not observed. This apparently affected the dissolved oxygen conditions. The observed absence of a dissolved oxygen deficit resulted from the lack of a thermocline, which positively affected water quality. As a result, the two anthropogenic factors, i.e., the discharge of warm water and increased mixing, have flattened the negative effects on the lake. A new characteristic equilibrium for this lake was established. Single factors have been compensated for by this equilibrium. A relationship between temperature and biomass concentration was observed. The trophic state index (TSI) values permit classifying Rybnik Reservoir as a eutrophic lake.
Preanalytical Phase in Haematology
Authors: Banfi Giuseppe , Germagnoli L. 
Published: August 2008

Preanalytical Phase in Haematology
The preanalytical phase is particularly important in haematology, where counts of particles and cells are performed in whole anticoagulated blood. The correct use and concentration of anticoagulant is mandatory to avoid spurious results, which can influence clinical decision. EDTA is the anticoagulant of choice, but it has some limits, especially for preserving stability and shape of platelets. Stability of haematological parameters is high, with the exception of leukocytes and reticulocytes. However, stability (and instrumental precision) should be evaluated together with biological variability and individuality index of various haematological parameters. Hematological tests are also influenced and interfered by high amounts of lipids and chylomicrons. The mixing procedure of the tubes after blood drawing and before analysis is also crucial for obtaining correct and valid data. There are some examples of interferences on automated haematological analysers which are used for diagnosing and screening pathological conditions. Cryoglobulins and erythrocytes parasites can induce spurious results of WBC, RBC and PLT, but the repeatability of these interferences could be used for alerting the pathologist and could reveal the presence of pathological proteins or blood parasites. New parameters have been proposed by modern haematological analysers, directly defined or calculated from traditional measures, but the clinical impact of these new parameters is often dependent on preanalytical variables.
Developing a Lean Consciousness for the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Stanković Ana 
Published: August 2008

Developing a Lean Consciousness for the Clinical Laboratory
This is an overview of the principles of Lean and Six Sigma as a means of streamlining operations and improving productivity. Manufacturing sectors have employed these concepts with much success. The primary goal of a lean initiative is to deliver quality products and services the first time and every time. To accomplish this, all activities that do not add value (i.e., waste) must be eliminated or, if not feasible, reduced. The demands of today's healthcare environment warrant the integration of quality management systems such as these to meet increased workloads, staff shortages, and the demand for rapid turnaround for specimen results. This paper discusses Lean and Six Sigma strategies as well as their application for the clinical laboratory, specifically utilizing tools such as 5S, the Kaizen Blitz, process mapping, and value stream mapping. By implementing these tools to maximize process flow, eliminate waste, and recognize the variations that can hinder the delivery of high-quality services, healthcare professionals can reach their efficiency goals, reduce costs, and provide customer satisfaction.
Small Non-Coding RNAs - Diagnostic and Therapeutic News
Authors: Kocić Gordana 
Published: August 2008

Male Nekodirajuće RNK-Novine U Dijagnostici I Terapiji
Nekodirajuće RNK predstavljaju specifič nu klasu RNK koje ne služe u procesu translacije proteina. One učestvuju u nizu različitih regulatornih procesa vezanih za proces transkripcije i posttranskripcioni nivo. Pomenuta familija RNK sadrži različite tipove, ali su gotovo sve oko 20-30 nukleotida dugačke, nastale iz prekursora veće dužine. Neke od njih, kao što je siRNK (mala interferentna RNK) formiraju se nakon razgradnje dvostrukospiralnih RNK (dsRNK) i udružene su sa virusnom infekcijom. Druge familije, poznate kao mikro RNK (miRNK), kodiraju se od strane specifičnih gena. Glavna funkcija je inhibicija translacije, razgradnja mRNK ili indukcija razgradnje mRNK, poznata kao utišavanje mRNK. Prepoznavanje target mRNK moguće je po principu komplementarnosti baza. Stepen komplementarnosti određuje uspešnost utišavanja. Korišćenje iRNK u antivirusnom odgovoru predstavlja novi terapijski izazov. Dok neke siRNK imaju zadatak da suprimiraju razvoj oboljenja (virus), druge su uključene u razvoj humanih kancera. Stoga je njihova identifikacija važna sa dijagnostičkog i terapijskog aspekta kod različitih tipova karcinoma i različitih stadijuma oboljenja. Neki tipovi miRNK su udruženi sa razvojem degenerativnih i metabolič kih oboljenja. S obzirom na to da pravilan razvoj nervnog sistema, insulinska sekrecija, kao i važni metabolički procesi zahtevaju preciznu kontrolu na nivou ekspresije gena, kontrola stabilnosti i translacije mRNK putem malih nekodirajuć ih RNK predstavlja dominantnu regulaciju različitih metaboličkih, endokrinih i neuroloških procesa.
Application of artificial neural networks to assessment of ship manoeuvrability qualities
Authors: Abramowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2008

Application of artificial neural networks to assessment of ship manoeuvrability qualities
This paper presents an attempt to applying neural networks for assessment of parameters of standard manoeuvrability tests, i.e. circulation test and zig-zag test. Methodological approach to application of neural networks as well as applied network structures and neuron activation functions are generally presented. Also, results of simulations performed by means of the elaborated networks are given in comparison with test cases selected at random. In order to analyze and reveal general trends, correlation relationships between results from network simulations and test cases were calculated and are presented as well.
Modification of Hooke's law for multiaxial stress in viscoelastic solids
Authors: Kolenda Janusz 
Published: August 2008

Modification of Hooke's law for multiaxial stress in viscoelastic solids
On the basis of Hooke's law for multiaxial stress in elastic solids, similar relationships for viscoelastic materials are considered. It is assumed that the material is homogeneous and isotropic, and that the Kelvin-Voigt's model is applicable to normal strain components. An analogous model is also taken for shear strain components. It is shown that the ratio of coefficients of viscous damping of normal and shear strain components is equal to the ratio of Young modulus and shear modulus. As a result, the modified Hooke's law for multiaxial stress in viscoelastic materials has been formulated which includes three material constants: Young modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of viscous damping of normal strain.
Reversible electron charge transfer in single-wall carbon nanotubes
Authors: Costa Sara , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Borowiak-Palen Ewa 
Published: August 2008

Reversible electron charge transfer in single-wall carbon nanotubes
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have proved to be very special materials due to their unique electronic properties. Over the last years many scientists have dedicated their research to the study of the these materials as an electronic system. Amphoteric doping effects (n-type and p-type), which can be reversed, became a very popular way of manipulating the optic and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes. In the particular case of SWCNT, the most common and widely used procedure, which changes their properties, is acid treatment applied as a purification procedure. The effect of the addition of this kind of the dopant has been widely studied but not fully understood so far. Here, we present a study, of two kinds of SWCNT, produced within different techniques: (i) chemical vapors deposition and (ii) laser ablation. The main difference between the two types is the diameter distribution of the obtained materials, which is broad in the first technique and narrow in the second. After the acid treatment it is possible to observe a diameter sensitive doping effect on both samples. Resonance Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy (OAS) in UV/Vis/NIR and the Fourier transform middle-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been applied for the characterization of the samples.
The effect of kaolin modification of silane coupling agents on the properties of the polyethylene composites
Authors: Domka Ludwik , Malicka Adrianna , Stachowiak Natalia 
Published: August 2008

The effect of kaolin modification of silane coupling agents on the properties of the polyethylene composites
This paper shows the results of using the modified kaolin by silane coupling agents in HDPE composite and the effect of surface modifications of fillers on the properties of polyethylene composites. In the first stage pure and modified kaolin was subjected to a number of tests in order to determine the backfill density, water and paraffin oil absorbability, the surface area and pore volume, the morphology of their grains, thermal analysis and the FT-IR spectroscopy.
In the second stage the composites, which were moulded into the samples that could be subjected to further tests, were produced. The samples were characterised by the determination of the hardness according to Shore, the elasticity modulus, the tensile strength and tearing strength.
The modification of the kaolin surface has resulted in a substantial improvement of the strength parameters of the obtained polyethylene composites.
Dye decomposition on P25 with enhanced adsorptivity
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Wawrzyniak Beata , Tryba Beata , Morawski Antoni 
Published: August 2008

Dye decomposition on P25 with enhanced adsorptivity
The preparation method and the activity of the TiO2-P25/N doped photocatalyst based on commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2 Aeroxide® P-25 Degussa, Germany) are presented. For the TiO2-P25/N preparation TiO2-P25 and gaseous ammonia were kept in a pressure reactor (10 bars) for 4 hours at the temperature of 200°C. This modification process changed the chemical structure of the TiO2 surface. The formation of NH4
+ groups was confirmed by the FTIR measurements. Two bands in the range of ca. 1430 - 1440 cm-1 attributed to bending vibrations of NH4
+ could be observed on the FTIR spectra of the catalysts modified with ammonia and the band attributed to the hydroxyl groups at 3300 - 3500 cm-1, which were not reduced after N-doping. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was checked through the decomposition of two dyes under visible light irradiation. The modified TiO2 thus prepared samples were more active than TiO2-P25 for the decomposition of dyes under visible light irradiation.
2-(4-Diethylaminostyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-thiocyanato-3H-indolium chloride as a new reagent for indirect spectrophotometric red-ox determination of Osmium (VI)
Authors: Kormosh Zholt , Korolchuk Svitlana 
Published: August 2008

2-(4-Diethylaminostyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-thiocyanato-3H-indolium chloride as a new reagent for indirect spectrophotometric red-ox determination of Osmium (VI)
A highly sensitive indirect spectrophotometric redox method for the determination of osmium is reported on. The method is based on the oxidation of iodide by osmium (VI) and the spectrophotometric detection of the liberated iodine in the form of complex anion associate with 2-(4-diethylaminostyryl)-1,3,3-trimethyl-5-thiocyanato-3H-indolium chloride reagent. The appropriate reaction conditions have been established. The molar absorptivity is (0.2-1.2)·105 dm3/mol·cm at 589.5 nm wavelength. The absorbance of the coloured extracts obeys the Beer's law in the range to 7.6 mg/dm3 of Os(VI).
Assessment of the possibility of the methane to methanol transformation
Authors: Michalkiewicz Beata 
Published: August 2008

Assessment of the possibility of the methane to methanol transformation
The methane to methanol conversion via esterification is an interesting method which makes it possible to eliminate the otherwise necessary phase of obtaining synthesis gas. On the basis of laboratory investigations mass balances for this process were determined. Preliminary assessment of the way of conducting the process and possibilities of practical applications of this technology was also made. It was pointed out that regardless of any possible modifications of methane to methanol conversion via esterification redundant sulfuric acid will always be produced during ester hydrolysis. Production of methanol from methane using this method can only be done when it is combined with producing other substances, which needs using H2SO4.
Separation of HCl from the mixture of KCl and HCl using membrane distillation
Authors: Tomaszewska Maria , Mientka Agnieszka 
Published: August 2008

Separation of HCl from the mixture of KCl and HCl using membrane distillation
Membrane distillation (MD) was applied for the concentration of solutions containing hydrochloric acid and potassium chloride. The studies of the concentration and separation of HCl through the hydrophobic membrane were performed. In the investigations plate and frame or capillary modules, equipped with membranes from polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene were applied, respectively. The feed temperature amounted to 333 K or 343 K and permeate 293 K at the inlet of the module. Under the MD operation conditions the transfer of water vapour and hydrogen chloride from potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions through the hydrophobic membranes took place, whereas the potassium chloride as a nonvolatile component underwent concentration in the feed. The influence of acid concentration and salt presence in the feed on the HCl molar flux through the membrane was systematically studied. The increase of the temperature and salt concentration in the feed caused higher partial pressure volatile of HCl and the resultant HCl Flux through a membrane was higher.
During MD for the initial concentration in the feed equal 50 g KCl/dm3 and 40g HCl/dm3, at the feed temperature 343K, the permeate flux decreased from 353 dm3/m2d to 289 dm3/m2d, whereas the HCl flux increased to 6 mol/m2d for the capillary module. At higher KCl concentration in the feed, amounting to 100g KCl/dm3 and under the same operation conditions, the permeate flux decreased to 285 dm3/m2d, but the molar flux HCl increased to 18 mol/m2d. The results were compared with the data obtained for the plate and frame module.