bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction kinetics of cerium(IV) from sulfuric acid medium by the primary amine N1923 using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Wang Yanliang , Li Deqian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Thermodynamic studies on Ce(IV) extraction with primary amine N1923 demonstrate that primary amine N1923 is an excellent extractant for separation of Ce(IV) from Re(III). In order to clarify the mechanism of extraction and to optimize the parameters in practical extraction systems used in the rare earth industry, the extraction kinetics was investigated using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow in the present work.RESULTS: The data indicate that the rate constant (kao) becomes constant when stirring speed exceeds 250 rpm. The apparent forward extraction rate is calculated to be 10−1.70. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated to be 20.5 kJ/mol from the slope of log kao against 1000/T. The minimum bulk concentration of the extractant necessary to saturate the interface (Cmin) is lower than 10−5 mol L−1.CONCLUSION: Studies of interfacial tension and the effects of stirring rate and specific interfacial area on the extraction rate show that the extraction rate is kinetically controlled, and a mass transfer model has been proposed. The rate equation has been obtained as: − d[Ce(IV)]/dt = 10−1.70[Ce(IV)] [(RNH3)2SO4]1.376. The rate‐controlling step has been evaluated from analysis of the experimental results. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The FE65 proteins and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: McLoughlin Declan M. , Miller Christopher C.J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe FE65s (FE65, FE65L1, and FE65L2) are a family of multidomain adaptor proteins that form multiprotein complexes with a range of functions. FE65 is brain‐enriched, whereas FE65L1 and FE65L2 are more widely expressed. All three members contain a WW domain and two PTB domains. Through the PTB2 domain, they all interact with the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain (AICD) and can alter APP processing. After sequential proteolytic processing of membrane‐bound APP and release of AICD to the cytoplasm, FE65 can translocate to the nucleus to participate in gene transcription events. This role is further mediated by interactions of FE65 PTB1 with the transcription factors CP2/LSF/LBP1 and Tip60 and the WW domain with the nucleosome assembly factor SET. However, FE65 target genes have not yet been confirmed. The FE65 PTB1 domain also interacts with two cell surface lipoproteins receptors, the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein (LRP) and ApoEr2, forming trimeric complexes with APP. The FE55 WW domain also binds to mena, through which it functions in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell motility, and neuronal growth cone formation. While single knockout mice appear normal, double FE65−/−/FE65L1−/− mice have substantial neurodevelopmental defects. These include heterotopic neurons and axonal pathfinding defects, findings similar to findings in both Mena and triple APP:APLP1:APLP2 knockout mice and also lissencephalopathies in humans. Thus APPs, FE65s, and mena may act together in a developmental signalling pathway. This article reviews the known functions of the FE65 family and their role in APP function and Alzheimer's disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pressure effects on inter‐ and intramolecular vibrations in hydrogen‐bonded L‐ascorbic acid crystal
Authors: Shimada Hiroko , Nibu Yoshinori , Shimada Ryoichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPressure effects on the Raman spectra due to the inter‐ and intramolecular vibrations of the L‐ascorbic acid crystal were studied. The intensity of the Raman bands due to the intermolecular vibrations varies in three different ways by application of pressure. The bands of the first group become stronger, those of the second one become weaker and the third group shows no prominent change in their intensity with increasing pressure. The bands due to the intermolecular vibrations show a blue shift, while the bands due to the intramolecular vibrations shift to the blue or red depending on the vibrational modes by application of pressure. The bands assigned to the OH stretching vibrations shift to the red, the bands assigned to the CO and CC stretching vibrations shift a little to the red and the bands assigned to the other vibrations shift to the blue under high pressure. The following conclusions were derived. (1) The hydrogen bonds forming helixes become stronger and the isolated hydrogen bond becomes weaker with increasing pressure. (2) The bands of the first group owing to the intermolecular vibrations are ascribed to the vibrations related to the helix hydrogen bonds and the second group bands to the isolated hydrogen bond. (3) The CO stretching vibration couples with the CC stretching vibration. (4) The phase transitions take place at 1.8 and 4 GPa in the crystal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Al‐for‐Fe substitution in hematite: the effect of low Al concentrations in the Raman spectrum of Fe2O3
Authors: Zoppi A. , Lofrumento C. , Castellucci E. M. , Sciau Ph. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFive different mixed Al‐hematites with an aluminium molar content varying from 0 to 10% were investigated by micro‐Raman spectroscopy to study the effect of Al‐for‐Fe substitution on the hematite lattice. A red shift of hematite vibrational wavenumbers and a line broadening were observed; also a shoulder located near 430 cm−1 and a broad band at 670 cm−1 developed. The variation of the spectral features is discussed in terms of a local disorder correlated to the insertion of Al3+ ions into the Fe(O)6 octahedra constituting hematite structure. A multivariate analysis was also carried out on the spectral data to distinguish between the doped samples analysed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Miscibility and Biodegradability of Silk Fibroin/Carboxymethyl Chitin Blend Films
Authors: Wongpanit Panya , Tabata Yasuhiko , Rujiravanit Ratana 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBlend films of silk fibroin and carboxymethyl chitin were prepared by solution casting using water as a cosolvent. The blend films were subjected to post‐treatment with an aqueous methanol solution to induce β‐sheet formation of silk fibroin. The miscibility of the blend films both before and after methanol treatments was investigated in terms of chemical interactions, morphologies, thermal properties, and crystal structures by using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, DSC, and XRD. The results indicate that the blend between silk fibroin and CM‐chitin was semi‐miscible because only the amorphous parts of the polymers were compatible with each other. The enzymatic degradation showed that the incorporation of CM‐chitin enhanced biodegradability and swelling ability of silk fibroin.magnified image
Crystallization and Morphological Features of Syndiotactic/Atactic Polystyrene Blends at High Temperatures
Authors: Wang Chi , Fan Young‐Da , Chen Chung‐Chiu , Hung Chung‐Hau 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCrystalline/amorphous binary mixtures of polystyrene with different tacticities, syndiotactic/atactic isomers (sPS/aPS), have been systematically studied to reveal the composition dependence of the blend morphologies, i.e., sPS lamellar structure and aPS diluent segregation, developed after isothermal crystallization. To reveal the molecular weight effect of the aPS diluents, four different $\overline M _{\rm w}$ of aPS were used to prepare blends with various compositions. After being melt crystallized isothermally at 250 °C, all blends were investigated by means of POM, WAXS, and SAXS as well as SEM and TEM to reveal the spherulitic and lamellar morphologies developed.magnified image
On‐Line HPLC‐NMR of PS‐b‐PMMA and Blends of PS and PMMA: LCCC‐NMR at Critical Conditions of PS
Authors: Hiller Wolf , Sinha Pritish , Pasch Harald 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBlends and copolymers of PS and PMMA were analysed by LC coupled to 1H NMR at the critical point of adsorption. The separation of the polymers was achieved at chromatographic conditions that correspond to the critical point of PS and the size‐exclusion mode of PMMA. Copolymers and blends were analysed by on‐line coupled 1H NMR. For the homopolymer blends, separation into the components was achieved, while the copolymers were separated with regard to the block lengths of the PMMA blocks. The tacticity of the PMMA blocks could be determined as a function of molar mass by HPLC‐NMR. This technique can deliver the true molar mass and the true chemical composition of the copolymers.magnified image
Molecular Dynamics of Podand Studied by Broadband Dielectric and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies
Authors: Orozbaev Bakyt , Fojud Zbigniew , Makrocka‐Rydzyk Monika , Schroeder Grzegorz , Jurga Stefan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and broadband dielectric spectroscopies (BDS) were used to analyze the molecular dynamics in P10.3H Podand. The temperature studies of NMR line and magnetic spin–lattice relaxation times accompanied by DS investigation enabled us to distinguish three main dynamical processes connected with the motions of the P10.3H Podand chains. In the low‐temperature region the magnetic relaxation was associated with fast axial C3 rotation of methyl groups. Moreover, two other independent processes were observed and interpreted as (i) segmental motion of both oxyethylene and ethylene units, and (ii) the overall motion involved in the melting process.magnified image
Processing and Properties of Biobased Blends from Soy Meal and Natural Rubber
Authors: Wu Qiangxian , Selke Susan , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractVulcanized blends from soy meal and natural rubber were successfully processed through semi‐pilot scale extrusion, roll milling and compression‐molding. Blends containing about 50 wt.‐% of soy meal are elastic and water resistant, compared with the brittle and hydrophilic soy meal. The natural rubber component was well embedded into the soy meal matrix, indicating the existence of an interaction between them. The glass transition temperature of the rubber component in the blends increased due to the existence of this interaction. Calcium sulfate, as a compatibilizer, was a physical cross‐linker to the proteins in the soy meal and in the rubber. The morphological analysis of the soy meal and natural rubber blend through scanning electron microscopy revealed a partial compatibility of the blend. The blends containing near 50 wt.‐% of inexpensive soy meal have potential for various applications.magnified image
Amine Modifiers with an s‐Triazine Ring for Unsaturated Polyester Resins, 2
Authors: Duliban Jerzy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe paper deals with the synthesis of amine modifiers for unsaturated polyester resins obtained from N‐phenyl‐2‐amineethanol and 2,4‐dichloro‐6‐methoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine (modifier A), 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine (modifier B) or with cyanuric chloride (modifier C). Properties of amine modifiers for unsaturated polyester resins are presented. The modifiers were incorporated into resins at the polycondensation stage.magnified image
Inverse problem for the Sturm–Liouville equation on a star‐shaped graph
Authors: Pivovarchik V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe problem of small vibrations of a graph consisting ofnsmooth inhomogeneous stretched strings joined at the vertex with the pendant ends fixed is reduced to the Sturm–Liouville boundary problem on a star‐shaped graph. The obtained problem occurs also in quantum mechanics. The spectrum of such a problem which consists of normal eigenvalues accumulating at infinity is investigated in comparison with the union of spectra of the Dirichlet–Dirichlet problems on the edges of the graph. It is shown that the eigenvalues of the spectra interlace in certain sense, thus an analogue of Sturm theorem is established. If the (n+ 1) spectra (the spectrum of the boundary problem on the graph and thenspectra of the mentioned Dirichlet–Dirichlet problems) do not intersect the inverse problem of recovering the potentials on the edges from the (n+ 1) spectra is uniquely solvable. The procedure of recovering of the potentials is presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Simple Imprint Method for Multi‐Tiered Polymer Nanopatterning on Large Flexible Substrates Employing a Flexible Mold and Hemispherical PDMS Elastomer
Authors: Lee Nae Yoon , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis work reports a facile method to fabricate multi‐tiered polymer nanopatterns on SU‐8 by the combination of imprint‐ and photo‐lithography. First, SU‐8 is imprint patterned using a polymeric flexible mold with an anti‐adhesion coating that is deposited on a transparent and flexible substrate, at room temperature under low pressure. Next, the resulting SU‐8 nanopatterns are exposed to UV light through a chromium mask by a photolithographic process. Removal of the unexposed SU‐8 leaves behind multi‐tiered structures. The use of a hemispherical poly(dimethylsiloxane) pad facilitates the evacuation of trapped air during the imprinting process. Line/space patterns of 500 nm with the smallest line width of 200 nm were homogeneously imprint‐patterned on SU‐8 on a large flexible substrate, and three‐tiered structures, ranging in thickness from 300 nm to 2 µm, were successfully formed.magnified image
Palladium Aryl Sulfonate Phosphine Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Acrylates with Ethene
Authors: Skupov Kirill M. , Marella Pooja R. , Simard Michel , Yap Glenn P. A. , Allen Nathan , Conner David , Goodall Brian L. , Claverie Jerome P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐[bis(2‐methoxy‐phenyl)phosphanyl]‐4‐methyl‐benzenesulfonic acid (a) and 2‐[bis(2′,6′‐dimethoxybiphenyl‐2‐yl)phosphanyl]benzenesulfonic acid (b) with dimethyl(N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine)‐palladium(II) (PdMe2(TMEDA)) leads to the formation of TMEDA bridged palladium based polymerization catalysts (1a and 1b). Upon reaction with pyridine, two mononuclear catalysts are formed (2a and 2b). These catalysts are able to homopolymerize ethylene and also copolymerize ethylene with acrylates or with norbornenes. With ligand b, high molecular weight polymers are formed in high yields, but higher comonomer incorporations are obtained with ligand a.magnified image
Simple Silole‐Containing Polyfluorene for White Electroluminescence with Simultaneous Blue, Green, and Red Emission
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Lei , Chen Junwu , Cao Yong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNovel conjugated silole‐containing polyfluorenes, with green‐ and red‐emissive siloles on the backbone of the blue‐emissive polyfluorene are synthesized for white light electroluminescence (EL) from a single polymer with simultaneous red, green, and blue (RGB) emission. The CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.36) of the white light EL spectra are very close to that for pure white light (0.33, 0.33). The EL spectra are also quite stable at different applied voltages or brightness. The relative intensities for the three RGB peaks, at 450, 505, and 574 nm, were 0.94, 1, and 0.97, respectively, which demonstrates a balanced simultaneous RGB emission. A maximum luminous efficiency of 2.03 cd · A−1 for a brightness of 344 cd · m−2, and a luminous efficiency of 1.86 cd · A−1 for a more practical brightness of 2 703 cd · m−2, were achieved.magnified image
Continuous Online Rapid Size Exclusion Chromatography Monitoring of Polymerizations ‐ CORSEMP
Authors: Rosenfeld Carine , Serra Christophe , O'Donohue Stephen , Hadziioannou Georges 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe report the development of a new method for online characterization of polymers, termed Continuous Online Rapid Size‐Exclusion chromatography Monitoring of Polymerizations (CORSEMP). It consists of automatic samplings, dilutions and injections every 12 min of polymers synthesized in continuous flow. The system allows molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polymers to be monitored ‘near real‐time’ by means of a chromatographic column. This technique is well adapted to assessment of the effects of stepwise modifications of operating conditions over the dynamics of the reactor by running high‐throughput experiments and shows itself to be a convenient tool for polymer library synthesis.magnified image
The effects of anticholinergic drugs on attention span and short‐term memory skills in children
Authors: Giramonti Karla M. , Kogan Barry A. , Halpern Leslie F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAimsStudies have shown cognitive problems in adults treated with anticholinergics. It is unclear if children are also susceptible to anticholinergic adverse effects. This study evaluates the effects of long‐acting oxybutynin and tolterodine on short‐term memory and attention in children with urgency and urge incontinence.MethodsChildren with urgency or urge incontinence were recruited to take part in a prospective, randomized double‐blinded placebo controlled trial using long‐acting oxybutynin or tolterodine. Patients underwent a baseline test of their memory/recall ability and attention span using a standardized developmental/neuropsychological assessment tool. They were then randomized to either medication or placebo with retesting in 2 weeks, at which time they were crossed. They were retested after the second 2 weeks.ResultsFourteen childrens (9 boys and 5 girls), ranging in age from 5 to 11 (M = 7.7) participated in the study. Attention and Memory scores increased over time in all children, however, the analyses showed no significant negative effects of anticholinergic medications on Attention or Memory. Indeed, though not statistically significant, trends were for improvement in test scores in both areas.ConclusionsOur results in a double blinded cross‐over trial suggest that long‐acting oxybutynin and tolterodine do not have a deleterious effect on children's attention and memory. Other cognitive functions may be affected. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:315–318, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The implications of differences between employer and worker employment/earnings reports for policy evaluation
Authors: Wallace Geoffrey L. , Haveman Robert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDifferences in administrative (UI) and survey (S) records on employment and earnings have substantial implications for assessing the impact of a variety of public interventions, such as welfare‐to‐work and employment training programs, and especially the state‐oriented welfare reform legislation of 1996. We use data from the 1998 and 1999 waves of the Child Support Demonstration Evaluation (CSDE) Resident Parent Surveys to explore individual differences between survey and UI employment and earnings reports for a Wisconsin sample of current and former welfare recipients. After exploring the potential causes of misreports from both sources, we document the degree of discrepancy between survey and UI earnings and employment measures and assess the difference between the two earnings measures in estimates of simple human capital (earnings) functions. Last, we evaluate the correspondence of the two measures with “hardship” indicators of economic well‐being.
Glomerular barrier dysfunction in glomerulosclerosis‐ resistant Milan rats with experimental diabetes: the role of renal haemodynamics
Authors: Pugliese G , Ricci C , Iacobini C , Menini S , Fioretto P , Ferrandi M , Giardino LA , Armelloni S , Mattinzoli D , Rastaldi MP , Pugliese F 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRats of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) are resistant to both hypertensive and diabetic renal disease. Genetically determined hypertrophy of intrarenal arteries has been suggested as the putative mechanism preventing transmission of systemic hypertension to the glomerular microcirculation or diabetes‐induced loss of autoregulation, which lead to glomerular hypertension and consequent podocyte injury and proteinuria. This study aimed to investigate glomerular barrier function and structure in ageing and diabetic MHS rats under basal conditions and after injection of 2.5 g of bovine serum albumin (BSA) causing increased workload and possibly removing haemodynamic protection by inducing renal cortical vasodilatation. Genetically related rats of the Milan normotensive strain (MNS) served as a proteinuric counterpart. No change in renal function or structure was detected in diabetic MHS rats, whereas MNS rats developed diabetic nephropathy superimposed on that occurring spontaneously in this strain. Diabetic, but not non‐diabetic, MHS rats showed significantly reduced synaptopodin and nephrin expression, though to a lesser extent than non‐diabetic and diabetic MNS rats, together with unchanged podocyte number, density and structure and no proteinuria. Agrin expression was significantly altered in diabetic versus non‐diabetic MHS animals, whereas collagen I was expressed only in diabetic MHS rats and collagen IV content did not change significantly between the two groups. Upon BSA injection, proteinuria increased markedly and abundant BSA was detected only in kidneys from diabetic MHS rats. BSA injection was associated with changes in intrarenal arteries suggesting vasodilatation, without any influx of inflammatory cells. These data indicate that while MNS rats show marked changes in the glomerular filtration barrier with either age or diabetes, glomerulosclerosis‐resistant MHS rats develop only minor diabetes‐induced podocyte (and extracellular matrix) alterations, which are not associated with proteinuria unless they are unmasked by an increased workload or removal of the haemodynamic protection. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adrenal axis function after high‐dose steroid therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Einaudi Silvia , Bertorello Nicoletta , Masera Nicoletta , Farinasso Loredana , Barisone Elena , Rizzari Carmelo , Corrias Andrea , Villa Alessia , Riva Francesca , Saracco Paola , Pastore Guido 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground A 4‐week course of high‐dose glucocorticoids may cause prolonged adrenal suppression even after a 9‐day tapering phase. In this study, adrenal function and signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency were prospectively assessed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after induction treatment including high‐dose prednisone (PDN) or dexamethasone (DXM). Procedures Sixty‐four children with ALL, treated according to the AIEOP ALL 2000 Study protocol, underwent low dose ACTH (LD‐ACTH) stimulation 24 hr after the last tapered steroid dose. In those with impaired cortisol response, additional LD ACTH tests were performed every 1–2 weeks until cortisol levels normalized. Signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency were recorded during the observation period. Results All patients had normal basal cortisol values at diagnosis. Twenty‐four hours after last glucocorticoid dose, morning cortisol was reduced in 40/64 (62.5%) patients. LD‐ACTH testing showed adrenal suppression in 52/64 (81.5%) patients. At the following ACTH test 7–14 days later, morning cortisol values were reduced in 8/52 (15.4%) patients and response to the test was impaired in 12/52 (23%). Adrenal function completely recovered in all patients within 10 weeks. No difference was found between patients treated with PDN or DXM. Almost 35% of children with impaired cortisol values at the first test developed signs or symptoms of adrenal insufficiency. One child developed a severe adrenal crisis during adrenal suppression. Conclusions High‐dose glucocorticoid therapy in ALL children may cause prolonged adrenal suppression and related clinical symptoms. Laboratory monitoring of cortisol levels and steroid coverage during stress episodes may be indicated. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:537–541. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.