bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of lymphocytes and immune lymphocytes in sarcoidosis and in malignant lymphadenomas
Authors: Kohout J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
When lymphocytes of a homologous donor are transferred intracutaneously to another person a local reaction of delayed type is seen at the site of transfer 24-48 hr later (‘normal lymphocyte transfer reaction’). When sensitized lymphocytes of the recipient afterwards are transferred back to the donor in normal cases the local reaction is much stronger (‘immune lymphocyte transfer reaction’). When the recipients were patients with acute sarcoidosis or with Hodgkin’s disease of stage III and IV, the normal lymphocyte transfer reaction was considerably weaker than in normal cases. The reaction of patients with chronic sarcoidosis was similar to normal controls, likewise the reaction of early cases of Hodgkin’s disease. In back transfer of sensitized lymphocytes of above mentioned recipients to the donors the immune lymphocyte transfer reaction was stronger in acute sarcoidosis than in stage III of Hodgkin’s disease, but always weaker than in normal cases. The reactions of patients with chronic sarcoidosis were similar to normal controls. The investigations show a parallel to the findings with passive transfer of delayed type sensitivity.
Hypocalcaemic response to streptomycin in malignant hypercalcaemia
Authors: Roediger W E W , Ludwin D , Hinder R A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
We report a case of malignant hypercalcaemia associated with primary hepato-cellular carcinoma in whom streptomycin produced a notable and reproducible fall in serum calcium. A hypocalcaemic response to streptomycin has been reported from experimental animals but not previously from man.
Haemolysis associated with diazoxide, used for the control of hypertension
Authors: Best R A , Clink H M 
Published: December 2008

SummaryDiazoxide, an agent used occasionally in the control of hypertension, has been associated with three haemolytic episodes in one patient. It is suggested that the mode of action is similar to that of diaminodiphenyl sulphone (dapsone) in acting as an oxidant stress to the ageing erythrocyte.
Thyrotoxic pretibial myxoedema in Asian patients in Singapore
Authors: Kee C W , Cheah J S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Over a 5-year period, three cases of thyrotoxic pretibial myxoedema were encountered. The incidence of pretibial myxoedema in Chinese thyrotoxic patients in Singapore was 0·7% (0·3% in females and 1·6% in males). One of the three patients also had thyroid acropachy. The incidence of thyrotoxic pretibial myxoedema in Singapore is compared with that in the literature and the aetiology briefly reviewed.
Skin metastases in carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: Adam B A , Murugasu R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient who presented with cutaneous nodules had carcinoma of the stomach. The histochemistry of the dermal infiltrate gave a clue to the primary site. Autopsy revealed metastases in all the organs of the chest and abdominal cavity. The invasion of the testis and the gingiva was unusual. Cutaneous metastases from a visceral malignancy probably indicate an early fatal termination.
Metastatic lesions to the skin from internal malignancies are rare and the incidence has been reported to vary from one to 2·7% (Gates, 1937; Beerman, 1957). Most reports quote lung and the breast as the primary site of malignancy although other sites including the stomach are not uncommon. The metastases, either single or multiple, may be the initial manifestations of the internal malignancy.
The diagnostic problem of multiple intracranial tumours—case report of a pituitary chromophobe adenoma and cerebellar haemangioblastoma
Authors: Mohr P D , Fletcher P , Anderson J M , Jefferson J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The clinical and pathological details of a case in which a pituitary chromophobe adenoma and a cerebellar haemangioblastoma occurred simultaneously are presented and the diagnostic problems discussed. This is a rare combination considering the disparate tissue origin of the two tumours.
A 6-year survey of human brucellosis in a rural area of north-western England and north Wales
Authors: Poole Pauline M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Experiences in the investigation of human brucellosis during a 6-year period are described and the diagnostic value of the various simple laboratory procedures compared. Patients were divided into three groups on the results of the investigations. Patients in groups I and II showed serological evidence varying in degree, which indicated past infection or repeated exposure to infection. Patients in group III were those suffering from active infection during the investigations. The diagnosis, personal information, clinical features and progress of patients in group III are recorded in some detail. Individual case histories of seven veterinary surgeons are given.
A method of determining daily nitrogen requirements
Authors: Lee H A , Hartley T F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A simple formula for calculating daily nitrogen requirements and balance is presented. A close correlation was observed between calculated and actual nitrogen balance studies. For better precision a different correction factor is suggested for patients receiving protein hydrolysates and crystalline amino acid solutions. This formula will greatly aid those who have to devise complete intravenous nutrition regimes for patients whose condition varies daily. The biochemistry required for application of this formula is within the capacity of any small hospital laboratory.
Traumatic pancreatitis with peripheral fat necrosis
Authors: Cochran K M , Mason J R , Davidson J S H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Direct damage to the pancreas occurs in about 5% of closed abdominal injuries, many of which arise from major accidents. The fixed retro-peritoneal site of the pancreas makes it particularly vulnerable to trauma by the steering column in cars not being constructed to modern safety requirements. As these injuries become more common, and as the number of survivors of such trauma increases, the longer term complications of trauma to the pancreas will become more common. A case is described demonstrating some of these complications arising from peripheral fat necrosis.
Effect of portacaval anastomosis on renal blood flow in cirrhosis—preliminary results
Authors: Ring-Larsen H , Hesse B , Stigsby B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The established end-to-side portacaval shunt is not effective in normalizing the decreased renal blood flow in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The ability of the side-to-side shunt to offer this effect remains to be decided, and will be so when patients with this type of shunt are added to this study.
Natriuretic hormone—its possible role in fluid and electrolyte disturbances in chronic liver disease
Authors: Kramer Herbert J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Besides intrarenal physical factors and aldosterone, a natriuretic hormone has been postulated to modulate renal tubular sodium resorption in order to maintain body fluid homeostasis. To investigate the possible role of a natriuretic activity in sodium retention of chronic liver disease, the effects of plasma and plasma fraction IV from patients with cirrhosis of the liver and ascites on sodium transport of the isolated frog skin and on renal sodium excretion in the rat were compared to the antinatriferic and natriuretic effects of plasma from healthy subjects. While plasma from healthy individuals obtained following acute expansion of the extracellular fluid volume (ECV) significantly inhibited potential difference (PD) by -43·8 ± 5·5% and short circuit current (SCC) by -41·3 ± 1·7% when applied to the inner skin surface, control plasma and plasma from patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites affected PD by -3·8 ± 4·7% and -5·2 ± 3·7% and SCC by -7·3 ± 4·6% and -11·7 ± 2·5% respectively.
Similar effects on PD and SCC were observed with plasma fractions IV.
In contrast to fraction IV from ECV-expanded individuals, which caused marked diuresis and natriuresis when injected in the rat, fraction IV of plasma from cirrhotic patients failed to affect urinary flow rate, free-water clearance or renal sodium excretion. The results suggest that at least some patients with cirrhosis of the liver and sodium retention may lack an adequate humoral natriuretic activity sufficiently to promote renal sodium excretion.
Renal tubular acidosis in chronic liver disease
Authors: Golding Peter L 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Renal tubular acidosis of the gradient or classic type, thought to be due to a disorder of the distal tubule, has been found to occur in 32% of 117 patients with chronic liver disease. Whilst the cause of this disorder is probably multifactorial, immunological mechanisms are considered to play a major role. The presence of this disorder might well be a cause, rather than the result of, the various electrolyte abnormalities seen in patients with chronic liver disease.
The Rhodiascit system—individual response to reinfusion possibly related to angiotensin sensitivity. Preliminary results
Authors: Van Waes L , Schurgers M , Demeulenaere L 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Results are reported of the effect of ascites reinfusion with concentration in seventeen patients. Complications were few and best results were obtained when the patient was also given frusemide during the reinfusion. The diuretic response to the reinfusion appeared to be determined by the pre-existing sensitivity of the circulation to intravenously administered angiotensin.
Clinical experience with the Rhône-Poulenc ascites reinfusion apparatus
Authors: Moult P J A , Parbhoo S P , Sherlock S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Ascitic ultrafiltration and reinfusion of protein concentrate is of value in selected patients and is, in general, well tolerated. Patients with massive ascites and an unsatisfactory response to diuretic therapy are most suitable, but those with ascitic infection, pulmonary oedema, and terminal liver disease are excluded. Although two of our patients had malignant ascites, reinfusion is not recommended for such patients.
Persistent pulmonary oedema was a contributory cause of death in two patients, and was attributed to reinfusion. Intraperitoneal haemorrhage may occur from a perforated collateral vein and close observation of patients must be continued after the peritoneal catheter has been removed.
A clogged ultrafilter was cleared with urokinase, and further studies of this are indicated.
After ultrafiltration about half the patients were satisfactorily controlled with diuretic drugs, although there is no evidence that reinfusion produces a sustained improvement in diuretic responsiveness.
Concentration-reinfusion (CR) of ascitic fluid in the treatment of decompensated liver cirrhosis with diuretic-resistant ascites
Authors: Ventura E , Zeneroli M L 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The ascites concentration-reinfusion as current therapeutic procedure is probably too expensive (but less expensive than desalinated human albumin) and in our opinion it is not a substitute for the diuretic drugs in diuretic-responsive ascites.
On the other hand, this method plays an important role in the management of diuretic-resistant ascites. The mechanical extraction of the sequestered fluid and the infusion of a concentrated derivative into the blood stream beyond the portal blockade aim to restore the ‘effective’ blood volume, renal perfusion and GFR. This effect may induce a new responsive state of the kidney to diuretic drugs and may correct the functional renal failure.
In addition, a well concentrated ascites supplies autologous proteins to those patients with gross abnormalities of serum protein concentrations.
L-dopa and carbidopa (sinemet) in the management of parkinsonism
Authors: Critchley Edmund 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Parkinsonism is a degenerative disease. A weakening in the responsiveness to dopamine replacement therapy affects many patients: thus 45% fail to maintain their initial improvement after 2 years’ and 50% after 3 years’ medication. However, by reducing the peripheral and systemic side actions of dopamine through the selective introduction of sinemet, a decarboxylase inhibitor+L-dopa combination, a partial amelioration of as much as 35% at 2 years, or 20% at 3 years, can be achieved. There is evidence, also, that the initial choice of anti-parkinsonian therapy may be critical to the long term prognosis.
Urinary insulin levels in health and disease—a concise review
Authors: Aun Frederico , Soeldner J Stuart , Meguid Michael M , Stolf Noedir A G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The kidneys are the most important extrahepatic site of insulin breakdown and play a significant role in regulating the systemic insulin level in normal subjects. In man, a renal arteriovenous insulin concentration difference of about 30% has been measured, and since ‘insulin clearance’ values are less than the glomerular filtration rates, insulin is probably removed from blood by a combination of filtration and tubular secretion. In normal subjects a constant fraction of circulating insulin is removed by the kidney. This fraction is independent of the arterial concentration but varies with creatinine clearance. Of the amount filtered, most is completely resorbed and degraded by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. These cells have a high insulinase content and recent evidence would point to the possible existence of a renal tubular transport mechanism for insulin. The amount of insulin excreted in the urine is small and does not exceed 2% of the filtered load. In diabetics the insulin requirements often decrease with progressive renal failure. Derangements in carbohydrate metabolism have been noted in patients with renal failure while ‘insulin clearance’ is elevated in uraemia, chronic and acute renal failure. In nephrotic syndrome there is no change in renal insulin excretion. In severe trauma, ‘insulin clearance’ is elevated in patients with normal renal function despite a relative hypoinsulinaemia for the prevailing degree of glycaemia.
Spirillum endocarditis
Authors: McIntosh C S , Vickers P J , Isaacs A J 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA case of Spirillum endocarditis causing severe aortic regurgitation in a 26-year-old man is reported. The infection responded to treatment with oxytetracycline followed by ampicillin, but the valvular damage led to progressive left ventricular failure. The valve was replaced with a fresh nutrient homograft and the patient made a good recovery. A normal aortic valve appeared to have been infected.
Pancreatitis, multiple infarcts and oral contraception
Authors: Foster M E , Powell D E B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The fact that oral contraceptives may predispose to thrombosis is not disputed, although its frequency is still debated. Any reliable assessment of the prevalence of this complication must in the main depend on careful statistical studies of well controlled groups, because the isolated case may well be coincidental when conditions such as coronary thrombosis, cerebral thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism are not extreme rarities in adult women. However, occasionally the clinical and pathological findings are so striking that they afford compelling evidence. The patient to be described presented with clinical features of pancreatitis that did not initially suggest an association with oral contraception. A hitherto undescribed state of multiple infarcts was found at post-mortem. This also illustrates the way in which the official figures for thrombotic complications can be underestimated.
Multiple carcinomas of the large and small bowel in childhood
Authors: Harvey David R , Paradinas Fernando J 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA case is reported of multiple metachronous carcinomas of the small and large intestine in a child. The latter were associated with multiple adenomatous polyps in the colon. A desmoid tumour and multiple keloids developed in the laparotomy scars. The relationship of this case to Gardner’s syndrome and polyposis coli is discussed and the literature on intestinal carcinoma in childhood is briefly reviewed.
Fetal maturity and morbidity as related to placental weight and secondary ossification
Authors: Pryse-Davies J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The problem of objectivity in histopathology is illustrated by an attempt to determine the normal range and significance of two observations, placental weight and secondary ossification, made in perinatal pathology. Neither offered a satisfactory estimation of fetal maturity. The placental weight provided little evidence of any primary placental dysfunction: the placenta was very small in association with only 50% of the very small infants and a very small placental fetal weight ratio was an infrequent finding of doubtful significance. A method of classifying relatively retarded and advanced secondary ossification was devised. Significant retardation was found in association with males, growth retardation, some malformations, and multiple births: significantly advanced ossification was found in anencephaly.
Peripheral gangrene in polycythaemia vera
Authors: Gétaz Paul , Jacobs Peter , Louw Jannie H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A case of peripheral vascular disease which became gangrenous and led to a diagnosis of polycythaemia vera is described. Chemotherapy has been successful and surgical intervention avoided. The authors stress the importance of full haematological examination of any patient presenting with peripheral digital gangrene.
Lead and the mitochondrion
Authors: Moore Michael R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In studies on the distribution of lead in rats given drinking water containing lead acetate at concentrations: 0, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 μgPb/l for one year, no change was observed in the organ distribution of lead, or in the subcellular distribution of lead in the organelles in the heart.
The mitochondrial enzyme, ferrochelatase, was significantly depressed in both the 500 and 1000 μg/l groups as was the cytoplasmic enzyme δ-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase. These depressions of enzyme activity were associated with ultrastructural changes in the myocardium after six months, and were most pronounced in the mitochondria.
Absorption of different lead compounds
Authors: Barltrop D , Meek F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A rapid method for the determination of relative absorption of dietary lead by rats is described. The influence of age, weight and dose rate has been determined and using standard conditions the tissue lead content of blood, kidney and femur are significantly correlated with each other and are a function of ingested lead. Eight lead compounds were evaluated using this technique and the findings related to lead acetate as a reference compound. Of the inorganic preparations studied, lead carbonate (basic) and metallic lead showed a twelve-fold difference in absorption, with the remaining compounds giving intermediate values. The absorption of lead from four organic compounds was determined from diets containing 7·5% corn oil added to the standard diet. Lead tallate was absorbed to the same degree as lead acetate, but lesser absorptions resulted from lead octoate, naphthenate and alsynate. The addition of corn oil to a final concentration of 7·5% of the diet enhanced the absorption of lead acetate.
Bites and stings in travellers
Authors: Reid H Alistair 
Published: December 2008

Summary
As a rule, bites and stings in travellers are merely a nuisance. But it is sensible to be informed about the more serious possibilities which can result. Systemic diseases can be transmitted, the skin lesions from insects can be troublesome and finally, some bites and stings can cause envenoming. Thus, the bather may be harmed by venomous fish stings, sea urchins, jellyfish and in Asian-Pacific waters by sea-snakes. Land hazards include bites or stings by scorpions, spiders, ticks, centipedes, bees, wasps, caterpillars and snakes. The main clinical features of such bites and stings, including treatment and prevention, are outlined.
Sexually transmitted diseases and the mobility explosion
Authors: Catterall R D 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The very great increase in the tourist industry during the past 20 years is described. This has occurred at a time when there has been an unprecedented rise in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. Evidence is presented that there is a relationship between the number of tourists and other travellers and the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. Case histories from three different categories of tourist are described and the impact of tourism on the spread of disease is stressed. It is suggested that health authorities throughout the world should give further consideration to plans to meet the challenge of the mobility explosion.
Some problems of high speed travel
Authors: Reader D C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Some aspects of high speed flight are examined to investigate whether increase in speed implies any lowering of safety standards. The problem of circadian dysrhythmia is discussed and methods of attenuating its effects are explained and some new hypnotic drugs are mentioned. The risk of decompression has been quantified and predictions have been made for risks in commercial service. Cosmic radiation in supersonic aircraft is unlikely to limit commercial operation or significantly increase risks to passengers and crew. The supersonic boom is likely to limit the terrain over which supersonic aircraft can operate and regulations covering engine noise on the ground could restrict some flights.
Study of EEG sleep characteristics in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after restoration of matched population mean weight consequent on ingestion of a ‘normal’ diet
Authors: Lacey J H , Kalucy R S , Crisp A H , Hartmann Margot , Chen C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
This experimental study confirms that insomnia and especially early morning waking is associated with low body weight in anorexia nervosa. It extends the view that there is a relationship between reduced nutritional intake and consequent change in weight and sleep disturbance. This relationship was studied by comparison of certain sleep EEG parameters in a group of hospitalized anorexia nervosa patients before and after a regime of re-feeding to matched population mean weight on a ‘normal’ diet. At low body weights, the patients had less sleep and more restlessness, especially in the last 4 hr of the night. After weight gain, there was a significant increase in length of sleep and REM sleep. The implications of these results are discussed with particular reference to an association between various anabolic profiles and differing need for REM sleep.