bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid NMDA receptor phosphorylation and oxidative stress precede striatal neurodegeneration after hypoxic ischemia in newborn piglets and are attenuated with hypothermia
Authors: Mueller‐Burke Dawn , Koehler Raymond C. , Martin Lee J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe basal ganglia of newborns are extremely vulnerable to hypoxic ischemia (HI). Striatal neurons undergo prominent necrosis after HI. The mechanisms for this degeneration are not well understood. Postasphyxic hypothermia ameliorates the striatal necrosis, but the mechanisms of hypothermia‐induced neuroprotection are not known. We used a newborn piglet model of hypoxic‐asphyxic cardiac arrest to test the hypotheses that N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor activation and free radical damage coexist, prior to neurodegeneration, early after resuscitation, and that these changes are attenuated with hypothermia. Piglets were subjected to 30 min of hypoxia followed by 7 min of airway occlusion, causing asphyxic cardiac arrest, and then were resuscitated and survived normothermically for 5 min, 3 h, or 6 h, or hypothermically for 3 h. By 6 h of normothermic recovery, 50% of neurons in putamen showed ischemic cytopathology. Striatal tissue was fractionated into membrane or soluble proteins and was assayed by immunoblotting for carbonyl modification, phosphorylation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subunit NR1, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Significant accumulation of soluble protein carbonyls was present at 3 h (196% of control) and 6 h (142% of control). Phosphorylation of serine‐897 of NR1 was increased significantly at 5 min (161% of control) and 3 h (226% of control) after HI. Phosphorylation of serine‐890 of NR1 was also increased after HI. Membrane‐associated neuronal nitric oxide synthase was increased by 35% at 5 min. Hypothermia attenuated the oxidative damage and the NR1 phosphorylation in striatum. We conclude that neuronal death signaling in newborn striatum after HI is engaged rapidly through N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor activation, neuronal nitric oxide synthase recruitment, and oxidative stress. Postasphyxic, mild whole body hypothermia provides neuroprotection by suppressing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor phosphorylation and protein oxidation.
The observatory, the land-based ship and the crusades: earth sciences in European context, 1830–50
Authors: LOCHER FABIEN 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe 1830s and 1840s witnessed a European movement to accumulate data about the terrestrial environment, enterprises including the German and British geomagnetic crusades. This movement was not limited to geomagnetic studies but notably included an important meteorological component. By focusing on observation practices in sedentary and expeditionary contexts, this paper shows how the developing fields of geomagnetism and meteorology were then intimately interlinked. It analyses the circulation and cross-connections of the practices and discourses shared by these two research fields. Departing from a Humboldtian historiography, the paper especially stresses the role of Adolphe Quetelet, director of the Brussels Observatory, whose importance in the development of the earth sciences has until now been largely neglected. It reassesses the involvement of the French scientific community in the British and German geomagnetic crusades, moving beyond the well-known account of Arago's opposition to these undertakings. It is hoped thereby to contribute to a better historical understanding of the renewal of the earth sciences in the second quarter of the nineteenth century.
The spinosaurid dinosaurBaryonyx(Saurischia, Theropoda) in the Early Cretaceous of Portugal
Authors: BUFFETAUT ERIC 
Published: September 2007

AbstractJaw fragments bearing teeth from the Barremian of Boca do Chapim (Lisboa e Setubal Province, Portugal), originally considered as crocodilian and identified asSuchosaurus girardiby Sauvage, are redescribed and referred to the spinosaurid dinosaurBaryonyx, on the basis of comparison withBaryonyx walkeri, from the Barremian of England. This extends the geographical distribution of this unusual theropod genus to Portugal.Baryonyxappears to have been a frequent component of Early Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages in the Iberian region, which may have formed a biogeographical ‘stepping-stone’ for baryonychine dispersal between Europe and Africa.
Experimental infection and adaptation ofRodentolepis nanato the Mongolian jirdMeriones unguiculatus
Authors: Vianna Gustavo José Caldas , de Melo Alan Lane 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA mouse-derived strain ofRodentolepis( = Hymenolepis)nanawas transferred to the Mongolian jirdMeriones unguiculatus. It was found thatM. unguiculatushas low susceptibility toR. nanamouse isolates. Likewise, adaptation of the parasite to jird hosts, in the absence of dexamethasone treatment, was not demonstrable, at least during ten-passage trials. Nevertheless, the parasite was able to establish, grow and develop to gravid adults inM. unguiculatustreated daily with dexamethasone. Prepatent periods in dexamethasone-treated jirds in ten-passage series ranged from 10 to 17 days post-infection (DPI), the average being 12 days, and the patent periods lasted from 18 to 30 DPI, with an average of 25 days. The population pattern of faecal egg output in immunosuppressed jirds suggests that under a daily dexamethasone treatment protocol, the parasite is able to maintain egg production as long as treatment is sustained.
Helminth infections in faecal samples of wolvesCanis lupusL. from the western Beskidy Mountains in southern Poland
Authors: Popiołek Marcin , Szczęsna Justyna , Nowak Sabina , Mysłajek Robert W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEighty-nine samples of grey wolf (Canis lupusL.) faeces were collected between 2002 and 2004 from two areas in the western Beskidy Mts (south Poland). Helminth eggs were observed in 56.2% of faeces examined. These included:Alaria alata(2.2%), taeniid eggs (11.2%),Toxocara canis(5.6%),Toxascaris leonina(1.1%),Eucoleus aerophilus(14.6%),Ancylostoma caninum(12.3%),Uncinaria stenocephala(37%) and unidentified roundworm eggs of the family Strongyloididae (1.1%).Eucoleus aerophilusis recorded for the first time from Poland. The results are compared with the helminth fauna of other wolf populations in Europe.
‘La cantante delle passioni’: Giuditta Pasta and the idea of operatic performance
Authors: RUTHERFORD SUSAN 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the artistry of the nineteenth-century Italian singer Giuditta Pasta within the broad context of an ‘artwork’ (Goehr) and ideas of ‘presence’ (Gumbrecht). Pasta was the acknowledged diva del mondo during the 1820s, famed not only for an extraordinary if flawed voice, but also for the physicality of her performance modes. Her innovative practices contributed to the development and reconceptualisation of opera’s dramatic potential on the early Romantic stage. Making her reputation in roles such as Medea (Mayr) and Semiramide (Rossini), Pasta later inspired the composition of three of the most striking operatic heroines of the period: Amina in La sonnambula (Bellini) and the title-roles of Norma (again Bellini) and Anna Bolena (Donizetti). Focusing on her performance as Norma, I consider a polemical debate in 1835 in the Italian periodicals Il Figaro and Il corriere delle dame that illuminates aspects of Pasta’s gestural style in relation to those of her younger colleague and rival, Maria Malibran, and ultimately raises questions about the ‘authenticity’ of performance in the emerging economy of the operatic marketplace.
The opera of the film? Eugen d’Albert’s Der Golem
Authors: GOOSE BENJAMIN 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTAlthough Eugen d’Albert’s later works were a staple of new opera during the Weimar Republic, they have since been considered at best partially successful attempts to adapt his earlier and more successful ‘verismo’ idiom to the new post-war aesthetics. His 1926 opera Der Golem, however, helps to challenge this reputation. Its similarities to one of the most famous early German films, Robert Wegener’s 1920 Der Golem, wie er in die Welt kam, point to an intriguing relationship with one of musical modernism’s most controversial nemeses: the cinema. An analysis of critical responses to d’Albert’s opera, read in the context of characteristic early twentieth-century debates about popularity, shows how Der Golem encouraged more complex responses to mass appeal than the clear rejection often attributed to better known figures of modernism. Although the opera both flirts with and problematises different modes of audience appeal – most notably in an early scene, which has a direct parallel in Wegener’s film – its reception avoids easy alignment with mass culture. Der Golem’s unmistakeable debt to its modernist context suggests that narratives of modernism should be able to account for d’Albert’s post-war works, rather than treating them as a throwback to the nineteenth century.
‘A sort of guerrilla’: Che at the opera
Authors: ADLINGTON ROBERT 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThe undoubted cause célèbre of the 1969 Holland Festival was the large-scale music theatre piece Reconstructie, jointly authored by a team of five young composers and two librettists. The work, which took as its subject ‘the struggle against US imperialism in Latin America’, and revolved around the figure of Che Guevara, embodied the authors’ dual commitment to political engagement and artistic experiment. My account examines the work through the lens of recent scholarship that stresses the politically reactionary function of avant-garde experimentation within the cultural Cold War. In the process, attention is given to broader factors affecting the work’s production and reception: these include contemporaneous debates about cultural popularising and the Holland Festival; the complex motives of the work’s governmental patrons; and the influence upon the authors of Cuba, Castro and Guevara himself.
Metric conformal structures and hyperbolic dimension
Authors: Mineyev Igor 
Published: September 2007

For any hyperbolic complex

X
X

and

a
∈
X

a\in X

we construct a visual metric

d
ˇ

=

d
ˇ

a

\check {d}=\check {d}_a

on

∂
X

\partial X

that makes the

Isom
⁡
(
X
)

\operatorname {Isom}(X)

-action on

∂
X

\partial X

bi-Lipschitz, Möbius, symmetric and conformal.

We define a stereographic projection of

d
ˇ

a

\check {d}_a

and show that it is a metric conformally equivalent to

d
ˇ

a

\check {d}_a

.

We also introduce a notion of hyperbolic dimension for hyperbolic spaces with group actions. Problems related to hyperbolic dimension are discussed.
Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0
Authors: Larkin M.A. , Blackshields G. , Brown N.P. , Chenna R. , McGettigan P.A. , McWilliam H. , Valentin F. , Wallace I.M. , Wilm A. , Lopez R. , Thompson J.D. , Gibson T.J. , Higgins D.G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: The Clustal W and Clustal X multiple sequence alignment programs have been completely rewritten in C++. This will facilitate the further development of the alignment algorithms in the future and has allowed proper porting of the programs to the latest versions of Linux, Macintosh and Windows operating systems.Availability: The programs can be run on-line from the EBI web server: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/tools/clustalw2. The source code and executables for Windows, Linux and Macintosh computers are available from the EBI ftp site ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/software/clustalw2/Contact: clustalw@ucd.ie
Construction of a reference gene association network from multiple profiling data: application to data analysis
Authors: Ucar Duygu , Neuhaus Isaac , Ross-MacDonald Petra , Tilford Charles , Parthasarathy Srinivasan , Siemers Nathan , Ji Rui-Ru 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMotivation: Gene expression profiling is an important tool for gaining insight into biology. Novel strategies are required to analyze the growing archives of microarray data and extract useful information from them. One area of interest is in the construction of gene association networks from collections of profiling data. Various approaches have been proposed to construct gene networks using profiling data, and these networks have been used in functional inference as well as in data visualization. Here, we investigated a non-parametric approach to translate profiling data into a gene network. We explored the characteristics and utility of the resulting network and investigated the use of network information in analysis of variance models and hypothesis testing.Results: Our work is composed of two parts: gene network construction and partitioning and hypothesis testing using sub-networks as groups. In the first part, multiple independently collected microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus data repository were analyzed to identify probe pairs that are positively co-regulated across the samples. A co-expression network was constructed based on a reciprocal ranking criteria and a false discovery rate analysis. We named this network Reference Gene Association (RGA) network. Then, the network was partitioned into densely connected sub-networks of probes using a multilevel graph partitioning algorithm. In the second part, we proposed a new, MANOVA-based approach that can take individual probe expression values as input and perform hypothesis testing at the sub-network level. We applied this MANOVA methodology to two published studies and our analysis indicated that the methodology is both effective and sensitive for identifying transcriptional sub-networks or pathways that are perturbed across treatments.Contact: Nathan.Siemers@bms.com or Ruiru.Ji@bms.com
2D NMR metabonomic analysis: a novel method for automated peak alignment
Authors: Zheng Ming , Lu Peng , Liu Yanzhou , Pease Joseph , Usuka Jonathan , Liao Guochun , Peltz Gary 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMotivation: Comparative metabolic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is showing increasing promise for identifying inter-individual differences to drug response. Two dimensional (2D) 1H13C NMR can reduce spectral overlap, a common problem of 1D 1H NMR. However, the peak alignment tools for 1D NMR spectra are not well suited for 2D NMR. An automated and statistically robust method for aligning 2D NMR peaks is required to enable comparative metabonomic analysis using 2D NMR.Results: A novel statistical method was developed to align NMR peaks that represent the same chemical groups across multiple 2D NMR spectra. The degree of local pattern match among peaks in different spectra is assessed using a similarity measure, and a heuristic algorithm maximizes the similarity measure for peaks across the whole spectrum. This peak alignment method was used to align peaks in 2D NMR spectra of endogenous metabolites in liver extracts obtained from four inbred mouse strains in the study of acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity. This automated alignment method was validated by manual examination of the top 50 peaks as ranked by signal intensity. Manual inspection of 1872 peaks in 39 different spectra demonstrated that the automated algorithm correctly aligned 1810 (96.7%) peaks.Availability: Algorithm is available upon request.Contact: guochun.liao@roche.com
A genotype calling algorithm for the Illumina BeadArray platform
Authors: Teo Yik Y. , Inouye Michael , Small Kerrin S. , Gwilliam Rhian , Deloukas Panagiotis , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Clark Taane G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMotivation: Large-scale genotyping relies on the use of unsupervised automated calling algorithms to assign genotypes to hybridization data. A number of such calling algorithms have been recently established for the Affymetrix GeneChip genotyping technology. Here, we present a fast and accurate genotype calling algorithm for the Illumina BeadArray genotyping platforms. As the technology moves towards assaying millions of genetic polymorphisms simultaneously, there is a need for an integrated and easy-to-use software for calling genotypes.Results: We have introduced a model-based genotype calling algorithm which does not rely on having prior training data or require computationally intensive procedures. The algorithm can assign genotypes to hybridization data from thousands of individuals simultaneously and pools information across multiple individuals to improve the calling. The method can accommodate variations in hybridization intensities which result in dramatic shifts of the position of the genotype clouds by identifying the optimal coordinates to initialize the algorithm. By incorporating the process of perturbation analysis, we can obtain a quality metric measuring the stability of the assigned genotype calls. We show that this quality metric can be used to identify SNPs with low call rates and accuracy.Availability: The C++ executable for the algorithm described here is available by request from the authors.Contact: teo@well.ox.ac.uk or tgc@well.ox.ac.uk
Traces of ancient range shifts in a mountain plant group (Androsace halleri complex, Primulaceae)
Authors: DIXON CHRISTOPHER J. , SCHÖNSWETTER PETER , SCHNEEWEISS GERALD M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPhylogeographical studies frequently detect range shifts, both expansions (including long‐distance dispersal) and contractions (including vicariance), in the studied taxa. These processes are usually inferred from the patterns and distribution of genetic variation, with the potential pitfall that different historical processes may result in similar genetic patterns. Using a combination of DNA sequence data from the plastid genome, AFLP fingerprinting, and rigorous phylogenetic and coalescence‐based hypothesis testing, we show that Androsace halleri (currently distributed disjunctly in the northwestern Iberian Cordillera Cantábrica, the eastern Pyrenees, and the French Massif Central and Vosges), or its ancestor, was once more widely distributed in the Pyrenees. While there, it hybridized with Androsace laggeri and Androsace pyrenaica, both of which are currently allopatric with A. halleri. The common ancestor of A. halleri and the north Iberian local endemic Androsace rioxana probably existed in the north Iberian mountain ranges with subsequent range expansion (to the French mountain ranges of the Massif Central and the Vosges) and allopatric speciation (A. rioxana, A. halleri in the eastern Pyrenees, A. halleri elsewhere). We have thus been able to use the reticulate evolution in this species group to help elucidate its phylogeographical history, including evidence of range contraction.
Review of the first 1502 cases of ECG‐ST waveform analysis during labour in a teaching hospital
Authors: Doria V , Papageorghiou AT , Gustafsson A , Ugwumadu A , Farrer K , Arulkumaran S 
Published: September 2007

Objective  To assess the impact of introduction of the STAN monitoring system.Study design  Prospective observational study.Setting  Tertiary referral labour ward, St George’s Hospital, London.Population  High‐risk term pregnancies.Methods  We report all consecutive cases of intrapartum monitoring using the STAN S 21 fetal heart monitor. Cases with adverse neonatal outcome were evaluated in relation to the ST waveform analysis and cardiotocography (CTG).Main outcome measures  Cord artery metabolic acidosis, neonatal encephalopathy (NNE) and reasons behind cases with poor outcome.Results  Between 2002 and 2005, there were 1502 women monitored by STAN. Based on combined STAN analysis in the 1502 women, action was indicated in 358 women (23.8%), while in 1108 women (73.8%) no action was indicated. Traces were not interpretable in 36 women (2.4%). Of the 836 cases (55.7%) where cord blood gases were available, there were 23 cases (2.8%) of metabolic acidosis and 16 of these (70%) were identified by STAN. Overall, there were 14 cases of NNE monitored by STAN. Retrospective analysis of these highlights human errors, such as poor CTG interpretation, delay in taking appropriate action and not following the guidelines.Conclusions  Our experience suggests the need for more intense training on interpretation of CTG and strict adherence to guidelines.
Risk factors for anal sphincter tears: the importance of maternal position at birth
Authors: Gottvall K , Allebeck P , Ekéus C 
Published: September 2007

Objective  To assess the role of birth position in the occurrence of anal sphincter tears (AST).Design  Observational cohort study.Setting  South Hospital in Stockholm, a teaching hospital with around 5700 births per year.Population  Among all 19 151 women who gave birth at the South Hospital during the study period 2002–05, 12 782 women met the inclusion criteria of noninstrumental, vaginal deliveries.Methods  Data on birth position and other obstetric factors were analysed in relation to occurrence of AST.Main outcome measure  Third‐ and fourth‐degree AST.Results  AST occurred in 449 women (3.5%). The trauma was more frequent in primiparous (5.8%) than in multiparous women (1.7%). The highest proportion of AST was found among women who gave birth in lithotomy position (6.9%), followed by squatting position (6.4%). Logistic regression analyses showed that lithotomy (adjusted OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.58–2.59) and squatting positions (adjusted OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.09–3.82) were associated with a significantly increased risk for AST. Other major risk factors for anal sphincter trauma were primiparity (adjusted OR 3.29, 95% CI 2.55–4.25), prolonged second stage of labour >1 hour (adjusted OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.11–2.10), infant birthweight more than 4 kg (adjusted OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.64–2.72) and large infant head circumference (adjusted OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.23–1.99).Conclusion  Lithotomy and squatting position at birth were associated with an increased risk for AST also after control for other risk factors.
A ribosomal DNA‐based framework for the detection and quantification of stress‐sensitive nematode families in terrestrial habitats
Authors: HOLTERMAN MARTIJN , RYBARCZYK KATARZYNA , VAN DEN ELSEN SVEN , VAN MEGEN HANNY , MOOYMAN PAUL , SANTIAGO REYES PEÑA , BONGERS TOM , BAKKER JAAP , HELDER JOHANNES 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIndigenous communities of soil‐resident nematodes have a high potential for soil health assessment as nematodes are diverse, abundant, trophically heterogeneous and easily extractable from soil. The conserved morphology of nematodes is the main operational reason for their under‐exploitation as soil health indicators, and a user‐friendly biosensor system should preferably be based on nonmorphological traits. More than 80% of the most environmental stress‐sensitive nematode families belong to the orders Mononchida and Dorylaimida. The phylogenetic resolution offered by full‐length small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences within these two orders is highly different. Notwithstanding several discrepancies between morphology and SSU rDNA‐based systematics, Mononchida families (indicated here as M1–M5) are relatively well‐supported and, consequently, family‐specific DNA sequences signatures could be defined. Apart from Nygolaimidae and Longidoridae, the resolution among Dorylaimida families was poor. Therefore, a part of the more variable large subunit rDNA (≈ 1000 bp from the 5′‐end) was sequenced for 72 Dorylaimida species. Sequence analysis revealed a subclade division among Dorylaimida (here defined as D1–D9, PP1–PP3) that shows only distant similarity with ‘classical’ Dorylaimid systematics. Most subclades were trophically homogeneous, and — in most cases — specific morphological characteristics could be pinpointed that support the proposed division. To illustrate the practicability of the proposed molecular framework, we designed primers for the detection of individual subclades within the order Mononchida in a complex DNA background (viz. in terrestrial or freshwater nematode communities) and tested them in quantitative assays (real‐time polymerase chain reaction). Our results constitute proof‐of‐principle for the concept of DNA sequence signatures‐based monitoring of stress sensitive nematode families in environmental samples.