bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Cu Single‐Atom Catalysts by Taking Spatial‐Confinement and Chemical‐Anchoring Effect of Hyperbranched Phthalocyanine Copper for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Chen Wenting , Li Shaoyi , Lu Xue , Yang Jian , Cao Shaobo , Da Kang , Fan Ximei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtomically dispersed nonprecious metal‐based catalysts have been considered as the most promising alternatives to Pt‐based catalysts since their excellent catalytic activities and almost 100 % atom utilization in oxygen reduction reaction. However, the agglomeration of metal atoms is unavoidable during pyrolysis process, thus leads to the decrease of electrocatalytic performance. Herein, hyperbranched phthalocyanine copper (HCuPc) wrapping nano‐silica is synthesized via in situ polymerization and served as precursor for preparing atomically dispersed Cu−N−C electrocatalysts. Owing to the confinement effect of chemical‐anchoring and spatial‐hindrance, the migration and agglomeration of Cu atoms are restricted in carbonization process. The aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are performed to confirm the atomically dispersed of as‐synthesized catalyst, which is labelled as HCu−N−C/SiO2. In addition, the HCu−N−C/SiO2 possess superior ORR electrocatalytic activities with a half‐wave potential of 0.874 V vs RHE and a limiting current density of 5.7 mA cm−2. The zinc‐air batteries assembled with HCu−N−C/SiO2 catalyst exhibit a high specific capacity of 789 mAh g−1 as well as a maximum discharge power density of 176 mW cm−2. This work proves that hyperbranched phthalocyanine structure could be a useful confined framework to the fabrication of singles‐atom catalysts.
Engineering of Cerium Modified TiNb2O7 Nanoparticles For Low‐Temperature Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Yu Gengchen , Huang Jian , Bai Xue , Li Tao , Song Shuxin , Zhou Yuting , Wu Nannan , Yao Shuyu , Lu Xiao , Wu Weikang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough TiNb2O7 (TNO) with comparable operating potential and ideal theoretical capacity is considered to be the most ideal replacement for negative Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), the low ionic and electronic conductivity still limit its practical application as satisfactory anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high‐power density. Herein, TNO nanoparticles modified by Cerium (Ce) with outstanding electrochemical performance are synthesized. The successful introduction of Ce3+ in the lattice leads to increased interplanar spacing, refined grain size, more oxygen vacancy, and a smaller lithium diffusion barrier, which are conducive to improve conductivity of both Li+ and electrons. As a result, the modified TNO reaches high reversible capacity of 256.0 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, and 183.0 mA h g−1 even under 3200 mA g−1. In particular, when the temperature drops to −20 °C, the cell undergoing 1500 cycles at a high current density of 500 mA g−1 can still reach 89.7 mA h g−1, corresponding to a capacity decay rate per cycle of only 0.033%. This work provides a new way to improve the electrochemical properties of alternative anodes for LIBs at extreme temperature.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications
Authors: Xie Zhixiang , Zhao Tianxiang , Yu Xuechao , Wang Junjia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light‐matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second‐order and third‐order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second‐order susceptibility χ(2) and third‐order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second‐harmonic generation (SHG) and third‐harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
Phytic Acid Customized Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte and Prussian Blue Analogue Cathode Material for Rechargeable Zinc Metal Hydrogel Batteries
Authors: Dilwale Swati , Puthiyaveetil Priyanka Pandinhare , Babu Athira , Kurungot Sreekumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZinc anode deterioration in aqueous electrolytes, and Zn dendrite growth is a major concern in the operation of aqueous rechargeable Zn metal batteries (AZMBs). To tackle this, the replacement of aqueous electrolytes with a zinc hydrogel polymer electrolyte (ZHPE) is presented in this study. This method involves structural modifications of the ZHPE by phytic acid through an ultraviolet (UV) light‐induced photopolymerization process. The high membrane flexibility, high ionic conductivity (0.085 S cm−1), improved zinc corrosion overpotential, and enhanced electrochemical stability value of ≈2.3 V versus Zn|Zn2+ show the great potential of ZHPE as an ideal gel electrolyte for rechargeable zinc metal hydrogel batteries (ZMHBs). This is the first time that the dominating effect of chelation of phytic acid with M2+ center over H‐bonding with water is described to tune the gel electrolyte properties for battery applications. The ZHPE shows ultra‐high stability over 360 h with a capacity of 0.50 mAh cm−2 with dendrite‐free plating/stripping in Zn||Zn symmetric cell. The fabrication of the ZMHB with a high‐voltage zinc hexacyanoferrate (ZHF) cathode shows a high‐average voltage of ≈1.6 V and a comparable capacity output of 63 mAh g−1 at 0.10 A g−1 of the current rate validating the potential application of ZHPE.
Strongly‐Confined CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots with Ultralow Trap Density and Narrow Size Distribution for Efficient Pure‐Blue Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wei Shibo , Hu Jingcong , Bi Chenghao , Ren Ke , Wang Xingyu , de de Leeuw Nora H. , Lu Yue , Sui Manling , Wang Wenxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of pure‐blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) faces challenges of spectral stability and low external quantum efficiency (EQE) due to phase separation in mixed halide compositions. Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with strong confinement effects are promising alternatives to achieve high‐quality pure‐blue PeLEDs, yet their performance is often hindered by the poor size distribution and high trap density. A strategy combining thermodynamic control with a polishing‐driven ligand exchange process to produce high‐quality QDs is developed. The strongly‐confined pure‐blue (≈470 nm) CsPbBr3 QDs exhibit narrow size distribution (12% dispersion) and are achieved in Br‐rich ion environment based on growth thermodynamic control. Subsequent polishing‐driven ligand exchange process removes imperfect surface sites and replaces initial long‐chain organic ligands with short‐chain benzene ligands. The resulting QDs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) to near‐unity. The resulting PeLEDs exhibit a pure‐blue electroluminescence (EL) emission at 472 nm with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 25 nm, achieving a maximum EQE of 10.7% and a bright maximum luminance of 7697 cd m−2. The pure‐blue PeLEDs show ultrahigh spectral stability under high voltage, a low roll‐off of EQE, and an operational half‐lifetime (T50) of 127 min at an initial luminance of 103 cd m−2 under continuous operation.
Steering the Selective Production of Glycolic Acid by Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol with Nanoengineered PdBi‐Based Heterodimers
Authors: Xia Shiyu , Wu Fengxia , Liu Qixin , Gao Wenping , Guo Chenxi , Wei Haili , Hussain Altaf , Zhang Yue , Xu Guobao , Niu Wenxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHeterodimers of metal nanocrystals (NCs) with tailored elemental distribution have emerged as promising candidates in the field of electrocatalysis, owing to their unique structures featuring heterogeneous interfaces with distinct components. Despite this, the rational synthesis of heterodimer NCs with similar elemental composition remains a formidable challenge, and their impact on electrocatalysis has remained largely elusive. In this study, Pd@Bi‐PdBi heterodimer NCs are synthesized through an underpotential deposition (UPD)‐directed growth pathway. In this pathway, the UPD of Bi promotes a Volmer‐Weber growth mode, allowing for judicious modulation of core‐satellite to heterodimer structures through careful control of supersaturation and growth kinetics. Significantly, the heterodimer NCs are employed in the electrocatalytic process of ethylene glycol (EG) with high activity and selectivity. Compared with pristine Pd octahedra and common PdBi alloy NC, the unique heterodimer structure of the Pd@Bi‐PdBi heterodimer NCs endows them with the highest electrocatalytic performance of EG and the best selectivity (≈93%) in oxidizing EG to glycolic acid (GA). Taken together, this work not only heralds a new strategy for UPD‐directed synthesis of bimetallic NCs, but also provides a new design paradigm for steering the selectivity of electrocatalysts.
Constructing N‐Containing Poly(p‐Phenylene) (PPP) Films Through A Cathodic‐Dehalogenation Polymerization Method
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhang Lei , Wu Jinghang , Xue Miaomiao , Gu Qianfeng , Qi Junlei , Kang Fangyuan , He Qiyuan , Zhong Xiaoyan , Zhang Qichun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping the films of N‐containing unsubstituted poly(p‐phenylene) (PPP) films for diverse applications is significant and highly desirable because the replacement of sp2 C atoms with sp2 N atoms will bring novel properties to the as‐prepared polymers. In this research, an electrochemical‐dehalogenation polymerization strategy is employed to construct two N‐containing PPP films under constant potentials, where 2,5‐diiodopyridine (DIPy) and 2,5‐dibromopyrazine (DBPz) are used as starting agents. The corresponding polymers are named CityU‐23 (for polypyridine) and CityU‐24 (for polypyrazine). Moreover, it is found that both polymers can form films in situ on different conductive substrates (i.e., silicon, gold, ITO, and nickel), satisfying potential device fabrication. Furthermore, the as‐obtained thin films of CityU‐23 and CityU‐24 exhibit good performance of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with the overpotential of 212.8 and 180.7 mV and the Tafel slope of 157.0 and 122.4 mV dec−1, respectively.
Authoritarian populist politics, politico‐religious extremism, and violence against women in post‐war Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasundara‐Smits Shyamika , Subedi DB 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the implementation of progressive national policies and the adherence to numerous international conventions aimed at eradicating gender‐based violence and violence against women, incidents of violence against women in post‐war Sri Lanka are on the rise. This research delves into the intersection of post‐war populist politics supported by religious extremists and the resulting violence perpetrated against women, as well as its repercussions on women's well‐being. We are interested in locating the specific mechanisms through which religious extremism, authoritarian populism, and violence against women are connected. Our findings indicate that post‐war populist politics, backed by Buddhist religious extremists and the post‐war Sinhalese‐Buddhist hegemonic state's re‐building project, have generated dialectical relationships with Sri Lanka's minorities—Tamils and Muslims. These relationships are partially enacted through different forms of gender violence. This has consequences for all women. As successive confrontations deepen, the deterioration of these relationships exacerbates the likelihood of violence and reinforces a culture of impunity.
RETRACTED: Nosological approaches in studying the incidence rate among dental healthcare workers
Authors: Temurov Fazladin T. , Musaeva Aliya A. , Masadikov Shkurulla G. , Allabergenov Sanjar A. , Abdukadirov Shahrukh A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper is aimed at a comprehensive study of the incidence of dentists in the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan using the screening study method. The study included 200 dentists from 12 outpatient clinics in Shymkent city, Turkestan region (South Kazakhstan). Data on visits to doctors in the period from 2015 to 2022 were used to investigate the incidence. The average long‐term value of morbidity coefficients among the studied medical workers was 995.9 ± 9.9 cases per 1000 people over 7 years. The analysis of the structure of diseases was carried out based on information obtained from sick leave records of the study group of dentists for the period from 2015 to 2022. The dental profession has its own characteristics; the unfavorable factors identified during the study can be divided into three groups: factors related to the treatment process; factors related to the organization of premises in dental clinics; factors related to insufficient ergonomics of dental equipment and instruments; and the quality of filling and dental materials. Six of the same classes of diseases play a leading role in the structure of diseases identified during medical examinations, but their significance is different: in the first place are diseases associated with increased psychological stress (circulatory disorders, psychoneuroses, diseases of the digestive system), diseases associated with forced working position (musculoskeletal diseases).
On the one-dimensional Pompeiu problem
Authors: Barutello Vivina , Costantini Camillo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate the Pompeiu property for subsets of the real line, under no assumption of connectedness. In particular we focus our study on finite unions of bounded (disjoint) intervals, and we emphasize the different results corresponding to the cases where the function in question is supposed to have constant integral on all isometric images, or just on all the translation-images of the domain. While no set of the previous kind enjoys the Pompeiu property in the latter sense, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition in order a union of two intervals to have the Pompeiu property in the former sense, and we produce some examples to give an insight of the complexity of the problem for three-interval sets.
Familienrekonstitution und Online-Genealogien zur Analyse der geschlechtsspezifischen differenziellen Sterblichkeit im historischen Kontext
Authors: Stelter Robert 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Familienrekonstitutionen und Familienstammbäume genealogischer Online-Plattformen sind 2 mögliche Datenquellen für die Untersuchung der Sterblichkeit in einer Zeit, als noch keine amtlichen Sterbetafeln verfügbar waren. Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert anhand zweier Beispiele, der Familienrekonstitution aus Imhof und dem auf geni.com beruhenden Datensatz FamiLinx, die geschätzten Verläufe der Lebenserwartung im Deutschen Reich mit einem Fokus auf die geschlechtsspezifische differenzielle Mortalität.

Methoden
Mithilfe der Individualdaten aus der Familienrekonstitution und aus den Online-Genealogien werden die geschlechtsspezifischen Sterbetafeln geschätzt. Aus ihnen wird die bedingte Lebenserwartung ermittelt und die entsprechende geschlechtsspezifische differenzielle Mortalität abgeleitet und mit den amtlichen Sterbetafeln für die Jahre 1871–1910 abgeglichen. Der Beitrag der einzelnen Altersklassen zur differenziellen Sterblichkeit wird mit dem Stepwise Replacement Algorithm bestimmt.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse der Familienrekonstitution überschätzen die Lebenserwartung nach 1871 weniger stark als die FamiLinx-Schätzungen. Die geringere Sterblichkeit der Frauen in der amtlichen Statistik wird von beiden Quellen nicht abgebildet. Im Gegensatz zur amtlichen Statistik ist die geschätzte Lebenserwartung der Männer höher als die der Frauen. Diese verzerrte geschlechtsspezifische Abbildung der Mortalitätsraten geht insbesondere auf die Altersklassen von 15 bis 45 Jahren zurück.

Diskussion
Der Notability Bias, der patriarchische Ansatz in der Erstellung von Familienstammbäumen und die Müttersterblichkeit sind mögliche Ursachen für diese Beobachtungen in FamiLinx. In der Familienrekonstitution ist die mit der Mobilität einhergehende Zensierung ein Erklärungsansatz.
Optimizing selection based on BLUPs or BLUEs in multiple sets of genotypes differing in their population parameters
Authors: Melchinger Albrecht E. , Fernando Rohan , Melchinger Andreas J. , Schön Chris-Carolin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKey messageSelection response in truncation selection across multiple sets of candidates hinges on their post-selection proportions, which can deviate grossly from their initial proportions. For BLUPs, using a uniform threshold for all candidates maximizes the selection response, irrespective of differences in population parameters.AbstractPlant breeding programs typically involve multiple families from either the same or different populations, varying in means, genetic variances and prediction accuracy of BLUPs or BLUEs for true genetic values (TGVs) of candidates. We extend the classical breeder's equation for truncation selection from single to multiple sets of genotypes, indicating that the expected overall selection response$$({\Delta G}_{{\text{Tot}}})$$(ΔGTot)for TGVs depends on the selection response within individual sets and their post-selection proportions. For BLUEs, we show that maximizing$${\Delta G}_{{\text{Tot}}}$$ΔGTotrequires thresholds optimally tailored for each set, contingent on their population parameters. For BLUPs, we prove that$${\Delta G}_{{\text{Tot}}}$$ΔGTotis maximized by applying a uniform threshold across all candidates from all sets. We provide explicit formulas for the origin of the selected candidates from different sets and show that their proportions before and after selection can differ substantially, especially for sets with inferior properties and low proportion. We discuss implications of these results for (a) optimum allocation of resources to training and prediction sets and (b) the need to counteract narrowing the genetic variation under genomic selection. For genomic selection of hybrids based on BLUPs of GCA of their parent lines, selecting distinct proportions in the two parent populations can be advantageous, if these differ substantially in the variance and/or prediction accuracy of GCA. Our study sheds light on the complex interplay of selection thresholds and population parameters for the selection response in plant breeding programs, offering insights into the effective resource management and prudent application of genomic selection for improved crop development.
Moving mountains: reevaluating the elevations of Colorado mountain summits using modern geodetic techniques
Authors: Ahlgren Kevin , van Westrum Derek , Shaw Brian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the most challenging environments for accurate geoid models is in high, rugged mountain areas. Orthometric heights derived from GNSS and a geoid model can easily have errors at the decimeter level. To investigate the effect of geoid model variability on the elevations of peaks in high, rugged mountain areas, this paper is focused on the “Fourteeners” of Colorado, USA (a group of about 60 peaks that are above 14,000 feet = 4267.2 m). Airborne LiDAR data are used to determine geometric (ellipsoidal) heights, which first requires removing a hybrid geoid model, as the LiDAR data is originally provided as orthometric heights. We quantify a significant improvement when using these derived ellipsoidal heights compared with the original orthometric heights: from ± 0.074 to ± 0.054 m (RMSE), an improvement of 28%. Next, a mean geoid model is determined with a relative accuracy of ± 0.06 to 0.08 m and used as a “stand in” realization of the future, official geopotential datum of the USA, NAPGD2022. Using the LiDAR ellipsoidal heights and geoid model, elevations (and uncertainties) for each of the Fourteener summits are determined and found to be, on average, 1.6 m lower than currently published values. This is a much larger change than the 0.5 m decrease expected from the new datum shift alone. The bulk of the difference is due to the original treatments of the vertical angle, triangulation data. A reanalysis of 32 of the 60 peaks shows that the historic data were indeed too high by about 1.0 m or more. Ultimately, no peak falls below the 14,000-foot level nor are any peaks elevated above this level.
Impact of an AI software on the diagnostic performance and reading time for the detection of cerebral aneurysms on time of flight MR-angiography
Authors: Lehnen Nils C. , Schievelkamp Arndt-Hendrik , Gronemann Christian , Haase Robert , Krause Inga , Gansen Max , Fleckenstein Tobias , Dorn Franziska , Radbruch Alexander , Paech Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of an AI-based software trained to detect cerebral aneurysms on TOF-MRA on the diagnostic performance and reading times across readers with varying experience levels.

Methods
One hundred eighty-six MRI studies were reviewed by six readers to detect cerebral aneurysms. Initially, readings were assisted by the CNN-based software mdbrain. After 6 weeks, a second reading was conducted without software assistance. The results were compared to the consensus reading of two neuroradiological specialists and sensitivity (lesion and patient level), specificity (patient level), and false positives per case were calculated for the group of all readers, for the subgroup of physicians, and for each individual reader. Also, reading times for each reader were measured.

Results
The dataset contained 54 aneurysms. The readers had no experience (three medical students), 2 years experience (resident in neuroradiology), 6 years experience (radiologist), and 12 years (neuroradiologist). Significant improvements of overall specificity and the overall number of false positives per case were observed in the reading with AI support. For the physicians, we found significant improvements of sensitivity on lesion and patient level and false positives per case. Four readers experienced reduced reading times with the software, while two encountered increased times.

Conclusion
In the reading with the AI-based software, we observed significant improvements in terms of specificity and false positives per case for the group of all readers and significant improvements of sensitivity and false positives per case for the physicians. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of the AI-based software in a prospective setting.