bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of herpesvirus, human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1, and treponemal infections in Southeast Asian refugees
Authors: Buchwald Dedra , Hooton Thomas M. , Ashley Rhoda L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera obtained for treponemal serology (VDRL) from 193 Southeast Asian refugees representing five ethnic groups seen in a primary care clinic were examined for antibodies t o human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1), human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). The seroprevalence was highest for EBV (99%), followed in decreasing order by CMV (95%), HHV‐6 (26%), and HTLV‐1 (0.6%). The VDRL was positive in 15% of patients. The highest seroprevalence to HHV‐6 was noted in the Chinese (33%) and the lowest in the Laotian hilltribes, the Mien and Hmong (14%). Antibody to HHV‐6 was most prevalent among patients under 20 and those between 60 and 69 years of age. Differences were not found among ethnic groups in the seroprevalence of HTLV‐1, EBV, or CMV. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The detection in urine specimens of IgG and IgM antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B core antigens
Authors: Perry Keith R. , Parry John V. , Vandervelde Elise M. , Mortimer Philip P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of urine as a noninvasive specimen for the diagnosis of hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis B (HBV) virus infections was investigated. Specimens of urine were collected at the same time as blood or saliva specimens, or singly in cases of previously serologically confirmed recent infection. The specimens were tested for IgG and IgM anti‐HAV and anti‐HBc by immunoglobulin class‐specific capture radioimmunoassays (GACRIA and MACRIA). On the basis of assays on urine specimens it was possible to distinguish between individuals who were susceptible or immune to HAV or who had recently been infected with HAV. Using assays on 327 corresponding saliva specimens as reference tests, the observed sensitivity and specificity of tests on urine specimens by anti‐HAV GACRIA were 98.9% and 99.1%, respectively, and by anti‐HAV MACRIA were 95.8% and 99.6%, respectively. IgM and IgG anti‐HBc were detected readily in the urine of 35 acute or recent cases of hepatitis B but were not found in the urine of seronegative individuals. Of the urine specimens from 52 individuals who were HBsAg carriers or who had had long past HBV infections, 49 contained detectable IgG anti‐HBc. Of urine specimens from 42 HBsAg carriers, 11 contained raised IgM anti‐HBc levels.Urine, which is a convenient specimen to collect, can be used t o study outbreaks of hepatitis A, to ascertain the HAV immune status of individuals, to differentiate hepatitis A from hepatitis B, and to identify individuals who have been naturally exposed to HBV. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of astrovirus entry into Graham 293 cells
Authors: Donelli Gianfranco , Superti Fabiana , Tinari Antonella , Marziano Maria Luisa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAstroviruses are intestinal pathogens associated with gastroenteritis in man and animals. The mechanism of internalization into host cells has not been reported previously. The cell entry pathway of serotype 1 human astrovirus into 293 cell line was studied biochemically and morphologically.Viral infection was monitored by indirect immunofluorescence. Infected cells were treated with the lysosomotropic agents ammonium chloride, methylamine, and dansylcadaverine or the ionophore monensin to raise the intraendosomal and intralysosomal pH. All drugs tested inhibited the early stages of infection whereas they did not interfere with the viral binding to the plasma membrane.The presence of astrovirus particles was detected by electron microscopy in coated pits and later in coated vesicles.The data indicate adsorptive endocytosis as the most probable mechanism by which astroviruses enter susceptible cells. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis A vaccination in Greek military recruits
Authors: Papaevangelou G. , Totos Gr. , Roumeliotou A. , Safary A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImproved standards of sanitation have contributed to a shift in the prevalence of hepatitis A in countries such as Greece. Children are now coming into first contact with the infection at an increasingly later age, leaving more adults susceptible to the disease. In military forces where close living conditions prevail, the likelihood of infection is even more pronounced. An inactivated hepatitis A vaccine has been developed and has been administered successfully to over 24,000 healthy children and adults. This vaccine would be of considerable benefit to military personnel worldwide.The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a hepatitis A vaccine were evaluated in 200 female military recruits, aged from 17 to 23 years, vaccinated according to a primary vaccination schedule at 0 and 1 months with a booster dose at 6 months.Symptoms reported following vaccination were generally mild and transient. Soreness at the site of injection was the most frequent local symptom and malaise was the most common general symptom. Clinically significant increases in serum liver enzyme levels were not detected.All subjects had seroconverted after the primary vaccination course and maintained anti‐HAV titres up to the time of the administration of the booster dose. The booster dose produced more than a tenfold increase in the geometric mean titre (GMT). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of neutralizing antibodies against human cytomegalovirus: Influence of strain variation
Authors: Weber B. , Klinghardt U. , Lux A. , Braun W. , Rabenau H. , Doerr H. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe influence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain variation on neutralizing antibody titers was investigated in sequential sera obtained from 12 organ transplant recipients (11 renal transplant recipients, 1 liver transplant patient) suffering from primary or secondary HCMV infection. Cross‐neutralization assays using either the international HCMV reference strain AD169 or individual clinical isolates from patients showed congruent results. Restriction enzyme analysis of the hypervariable α‐sequence of the L‐S junction of AD169 and HCMV isolates amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out to confirm the expected strain differences. At least 6 groups of clinical strains were differentiated. The results of this study demonstrated that despite the strain heterogenicity of HCMV, the neutralization assay using AD169 permitted a reliable and quantitative serologic detection of neutralizing antibodies against HCMV. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the Nagasaki prefecture, Japan
Authors: Hamasaki Keisuke , Nakata Keisuke , Tsutsumi Takuya , Tsuruta Shohtaro , Nakao Kazuhiko , Kato Yuji , Shima Masayoshi , Koji Toshihiko , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is very closely associated with chronic liver disease. In the present study, the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as a causative role in the development of HCC was analysed in 253 patients with HCC, who were admitted to our hospital during 1976–90. Among these patients, 68 (27%) were positive for HBsAg but negative for anti‐HCV antibody (group I); in contrast, 147 (58%) were negative for HBsAg but positive for anti‐HCV antibody (group II), 19 (7.5%) were both positive (group Ill), and 19 (7.5%) were both negative (group IV). To evaluate the serial changes in the prevalence of HBsAg and anti‐HCV antibody, changes in the number of patients were compared between group I and group II. The number of group I patients reached a peak during 1982–84 and was thereafter followed by a decreasing trend, whereas the number of group ll patients steadlly increased and reached a plateau over 6 recent years. These results suggest that HCV infection recently seems to play a more important role in the development of HCC than chronic HBV infection, even in the Nagasaki Prefecture, where the HBV carrier rate is higher than elsewhere in Japan. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lassa virus activity in Guinea: Distribution of human antiviral antibody defined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant antigen
Authors: Lukashevich I. S. , Clegg J. C. S. , Sidibe K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMore than 3,100 households in 27 selected villages distributed in the main geographic regions of Guinea were surveyed for the presence of Lassa virus‐specific IgG antibodies (LVA), using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with Lassa virus nucleocapsid protein expressed in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus as antigen. The highest prevalence of LVA (25–55%) was found among inhabitants of tropical secondary forest (areas near Gueckedou, Yomou, and Lola) and guinea savannah (Faranah and Kindia areas), near the southern frontiers with Sierra Leone and Liberia. A much lower prevalence (4–7%) was found among inhabitants of mountainous (Pita, Labe, and Mali) and coastal (Boffa, Boké) areas. We found no discernible differences in LVA prevalence between males and females or among various age groups. Testing of 406 hospital staff members of the eight central hospitals in these areas for LVA revealed a similar distribution of seropositivity among hospitals in various prefectures. The highest prevalence of LVA in hospital staff (29–40%) was in the Gueckedou and Lola hospitals. Sera of LVA‐positive persons were tested via Western blot analysis. Antibodies bound predominantly to NP and GP2 proteins. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human parvovirus B19 infections: Routine diagnosis by a new nested polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Cassinotti Pascal , Weitz Manfred , Siegl Günter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA nested primer PCR assay was developed to detect human parvovirus B19 in various clinical specimens in a routine diagnostic laboratory. Under optimized conditions the highly specific assay had a sensitivity of less than 10 genome units. For practical reasons, however, this sensitivity was adjusted to 10–100 virus genomes in diagnostic applications. Using clinical specimens from 200 patients with suspected B19 infection, nested PCR was shown to have important diagnostic advantages over the detection of B19 specific antibodies. The data suggest that on the basis of serological data as obtained with currently available test systems a considerable proportion of B19 infections would be misdiagnosed. Examples for the usefulness of the PCR assay in routine diagnosis are given. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic variability of German hepatitis C virus isolates
Authors: Müller Hubert M. , Pfaff Eberhard , Goeser Tobias , Theilmann Lorenz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHeterogeneity of hepatitis C viral (HCV) genomes of several isolates from different countries has been reported, but there is little information on HCV isolates for the Federal Republic of Germany. Therefore, the nucleotide (nt) and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of interesting parts of the viral genome derived from different human isolates in Germany were compared with each other and with the nt and predicted aa sequences of recently published isolates. HCV sequences were obtained by reverse transcription of viral RNA extracted from serum followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Within the 5′ nontranslated region we found only 3 single nucleotide exchanges among 2 of our isolates, and in comparison to sequences of Japanese isolates 2 to 3 exchanges, and to U.S. isolates 1 to 5 exchanges (homologies 98% to >99%). Determination of a 249‐bp core sequence from two German isolates exhibited 3% sequence divergence. The sequence of the core region (nt 342–911) showed a homology of about 88–91% on nt level and 96–97% on aa level as compared to U.S. isolates and other German isolates, and a homology of 95–96% (nt) and 96–98% (aa), respectively, to Japanese isolates. Less homologies were noticed for the E1 and E2/NS1 genes, especially in the N‐terminal E2/NS1 hypervariable domain. Our isolates HD1 and HD2 showed nt sequence homologies of about 72–81% and aa homologies of 76–88% to U.S., German, and French isolates, and 89–91% (nt) and 89–96% (aa), respectively, to Japanese isolates. These results indicate that various German isolates are more closely related to Japanese isolates and differ from other European isolates as reported so far.Because of a nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of up to 10% among the tested isolates, we conclude that more than one closely related but distinct viral genotype of HCV exists in Germany. Furthermore, heterogeneous sequences of HCV can be detected in a single patient suggesting multiple infection with different genomic variants or, alternatively, a genetic drift forced by mutational events as a consequence of host immune selection. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of canine distemper antibodies in the pagetic population
Authors: Gordon M. T. , Bell S. C. , Mee A. P. , Mercer S. , Carter S. D. , Sharpe P. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent molecular evidence has implicated canine distemper virus (CDV) as a possible aetiologic agent in Paget's disease. However, previous serological studies have shown no differences in levels of anti‐CDV antibodies between Paget's patients and controls.In this study, the technique of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure anti‐CDV antibodies in a group of Paget's patients from the North West of England. Some patients were undergoing treatment with 3‐amino‐hydroxypropylidene (APD), and the pre‐treatment levels of antibody were compared with those following treatment. With several patients, it was also possible to compare the antibody levels with results from in situ hybridisation studies.No significant difference was found between the levels of anti‐CDV antibodies in patients and controls. However, several patients and some of the controls did have markedly elevated levels of anti‐CDV antibody. Antibody levels remained fairly constant following treatment with APD, except for two patients who showed marked changes.The patients positive for CDV by in situ hybridisation had significantly lower levels of anti‐CDV antibodies when compared with those that were negative by in situ hybridisation.These results suggest that if CDV does cause Paget's disease, anti‐CDV antibodies play little or no part in the disease pathogenesis. High levels of anti‐CDV antibodies in both Paget's patients and controls suggest that a canine virus can infect humans. The fact that those patients that had CDV transcripts detectable in their bone cells had low levels of anti‐CDV antibodies might suggest failure to clear the virus during an initial infection. This might then allow sequestration of CDV within bone cells and, thus, eventually lead to Paget's disease. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C antibodies in dialysis patients and patients with leukemia
Authors: Kolho E. , Oksanen K. , Honkanen E. , Naukkarinen R. , Krusius T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (anti‐ HCV) among multitransfused patients was studied and compared with predicted values obtained from a post‐transfusion hepatitis study and from data on the prevalence of anti‐HCV among blood donors. The prevalence of hepatitis B core antibodies (anti‐HBc) was also studied to determine the routes of transmission of hepatitis C virus. The patients consisted of 65 dialysis patients (57 on haemodialysis and 8 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) and 71 leukemia patients in long‐term remission [49 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 22 with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL)]. The presence of anti‐HCV was investigated using a second generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive samples were confirmed by a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Anti‐HBc was studied in the 65 dialysis patients and in 40 of the leukemia patients. Three (4.6%) of the 65 dialysis patients and 12 (24.5%) of the 49 AML patients were anti‐HCV positive whereas all of the ALL patients were seronegative. The total number of blood units transfused to 134 patients (data on two dialysis patients were not available) was 18,148, out of which 17,575 units had been transfused prior to the initiation of anti‐ HCV screening of blood donors. On the basis of the anti‐HCV prevalence among blood donors and the incidence of post‐transfusion hepatitis, the predicted number of seropositive patients was 11 and 18, respectively. Five of the 65 dialysis patients were anti‐HBc positive, compared with only one of the 40 leukemia patients. It is concluded that the anti‐HCV prevalence among dialysis and leukemia patients is concordant with the risk of receiving contaminated blood products, whereas hepatitis B infection may have other routes of transmission in dialysis patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative analysis of the restriction endonuclease profiles of the Dumas and Singapore strains of varicella‐zoster virus
Authors: Chow Vincent T. K. , Wan Simon S. Y. , Doraisingham S. , Ling A. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe incidence of varicella in Singapore has been increasing since 1984. In 1991,17,930 cases were reported in a population of about 3 million. A serological survey completed in 1990 demonstrated that only 43% of the cohort had antibodies to varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), indicating inadequate herd immunity. To exclude novel VZV strains, representative VZV isolates from 9 chicken pox and 4 zoster patients were characterised by restriction endonuclease analysis. DNAs were extracted from viral isolates propagated in MRC5 human embryo lung cells and were digested separately with Bg/ll, EcoRI, Pstl, Sall, and Xbal enzymes. The cleavage profiles of these VZV strains derived from both chicken pox and zoster lesions revealed no distinct differences. This observation implies that the current upsurge of chicken pox most likely stems from closely related VZV genotypes infecting a susceptible population with insufficient herd immunity. Comparison of the restriction fragments of the Singapore and the Dumas strains revealed polymorphisms of the Sal/I‐D, SaI/l‐E, and Xbal‐l fragment lengths, which correlated with variable regions I, II, and Ill of the VZV genome, thereby representing geographically distinct genotypic variants of VZV. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from saliva samples
Authors: Hidaka Yasufumi , Liu Ying , Yamamoto Masahiro , Mori Ryoichi , Miyazaki Chiaki , Kusuhara Koichi , Okada Kenji , Ueda Kohji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7) was isolated frequently from saliva specimens. The isolation rates were 81% (13/16) in adults, 70% (7/10) in children over 1 year old, and none (0/7) in children less than 1 year old, respectively, indicating that infection of HHV‐7 occurs during early infancy and the virus shedding rate after infection is very high. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) was not isolated from saliva specimens although some studies on isolation of HHV‐6 from saliva was reported previously. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunogenicity of 20 μg of recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in healthy neonates: A comparison of three different vaccination schemes
Authors: Canho R. Del , Grosheide P. M. , Voogd M. , Huisman W. M. , Heijtink R. A. , Schalm S. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe immunogenicity of a full dose (20 μg) of recombinant DNA yeast‐derived hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix‐B) was assessed in healthy neonates in order to compare three candidate vaccination schemes. After randomization 162 newborns of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative mothers entered the study. Neonates received hepatitis B vaccine according to a fourdose vaccination scheme starting either at month 3 (scheme I: months 3,4,5, and 11) or at birth (scheme III: months 0,1,2, and 11). Another group of neonates received hepatitis B vaccine according to a three‐dose scheme starting at birth (scheme II: months 0, 1, and 6). Serious adverse reactions were not observed; 2.5% of the vaccinated newborns suffered mild transient local symptoms. The vaccine was highly immunogenic irrespective of vaccination scheme; all infants developed anti‐HBs levels ≥10 IU/L, 97% ≥100 IU/L. The immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine after primary and booster vaccinations, administered in the four‐dose scheme started at birth, was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than in the three‐dose scheme started at birth. Hepatitis B vaccination according to the four‐dose scheme started at month 3 produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) antibody levels in comparison to the four‐dose scheme started directly after birth. This study showed that a fourdose hepatitis B vaccination scheme starting at month 3 resulted in the highest antibody levels of the three schemes investigated and can be recommended for incorporation in the Expanded Programme on Immunization in The Netherlands.
Second generation hepatitis C virus assays: Performance when testing african sera
Authors: Callahan Johnny D. , Constantine Niel T. , Kataaha Peter , Zhang Xiang , Hyams Kenneth C. , Bansal Jaya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera were collected from 426 volunteers in Uganda at high and low risk for acquisition of hepatitis C virus (HCV). All samples were tested by the Ortho HCV second generation ELISA (S1) and by the INNOTEST HCV Ab second generation enzyme immunoassay, (S2), (Innogenetics, Antwerpen, Belgium). Sera that were repeatedly reactive by either screening assay were further tested by each of two different HCV supplemental/confirmatory assays: a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA, Ortho Diagnostics), (C1), and a line immunoassay (INNO‐LIA HCV‐Ab, Innogenetics), (C2).In these populations there were 16 true positives, 351 true negatives, and 59 indeterminate results. Fifty‐nine point four percent (253/426) of the samples were repeatedly reactive by the S1 test, while only 2.6% (11/426) were repeatedly reactive by S2. Test S1 produced a high false positive rate, a low positive predictive value, a specificity of 49.3%, and had a sensitivity of 100%. In contrast, the S2 screening assay had much higher specificity (98.8%), but lacked in sensitivity (31.3%). This poor sensitivity of S2 was based almost exclusively on the fact that the C2 supplemental test classified 9 samples as confirmed positive when the homologous screening assay classified these samples as negative; several of these were not confirmed when using a new generation INNO‐LIA. Both the screening tests S1 and S2, and the supplemental assays C1 and C2 exhibited a significant degree of discordance, and neither of the screening tests alone would be adequate for use in these populations.
Human papillomavirus type 16 variants isolated from vulvar Bowenoid papulosis
Authors: Fang Bruno Schwartzman , Guedes Antonio Carlos , Muñoz Luiz Carlos , Villa Luisa Lina 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTissues from two cases of Bowenoid papulosis of the vulva were found to contain human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA by Southern blot hybridization. Analysis of the hybridization pattern revealed differences in a restriction fragment of one specimen as compared to the HPV 16 DNA prototype. To investigate if these differences could interfere with the expression of such oncogenic viral genomes, the corresponding DNA fragments were cloned and further analyzed. After amplification by PCR and DNA sequencing, a 213 base pairs duplication was mapped in the long control region (LCR) of this HPV 16 variant. One single PCR fragment was obtained from the other Bowenoid papulosis, which is identical in size with the same region in the HPV‐16 prototype. The duplication in the HPV‐16 LCR analyzed in this study maps upstream of a region containing several regulatory elements.