bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating human connective tissue progenitor cell behavior on cellulose acetate scaffolds by surface microtextures
Authors: Kim Eun Jung , Boehm Cynthia A. , Fleischman Aaron J. , Muschler George F. , Kostov Yordan V. , Roy Shuvo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSoft lithography techniques are used to fabricate cellulose acetate (CA) scaffolds with surface microtextures to observe growth characteristics of the progeny of human marrow‐derived connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs). Human CTPs were collected and cultured on CA scaffolds comprised postmicrotextures and smooth surfaces for up to 30 days. Cells on the smooth surfaces migrated without any preferred orientation for up to 30 days. On microtextures, cells tended to direct their processes toward posts and other cells on day 9. By day 30, cells on microtextures covered the surface with extracellular matrix. DNA quantification revealed approximately threefold more cells on microtextures than on the smooth surfaces. The alkaline phosphatase (AP) mRNA expression was slightly higher on smooth surfaces on day 9. However, by day 30, AP mRNA showed higher expression on microtextures. The mRNA expression of collagen type I was increased on microtextures by day 30, whereas smooth surfaces demonstrated similar expression. The osteocalcin mRNA expression was increased on postmicrotextures relative to smooth surfaces by day 30. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
A revisionist replicon model for higher eukaryotic genomes
Authors: Hamlin J.L. , Mesner L.D. , Lar O. , Torres R. , Chodaparambil S.V. , Wang L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe replicon model devised to explain replication control in bacteria has served as the guiding paradigm in the search for origins of replication in the more complex genomes of eukaryotes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this model has proved to be extremely useful, leading to the identification of specific genetic elements (replicators) and the interacting initiator proteins that activate them. However, replication control in organisms ranging from Schizosaccharomyces pombe to mammals is far more fluid: only a small number of origins seem to represent classic replicators, while the majority correspond to zones of inefficient, closely spaced start sites none of which are indispensable for origin activity. In addition, it is apparent that the epigenetic state of a given sequence largely determines its ability to be used as a replication initiation site. These conclusions were arrived at over a period of three decades, and required the development of several novel replicon mapping techniques, as well as new ways of examining the chromatin architecture of any sequence of interest. Recently, methods have been elaborated for isolating all of the active origins in the genomes of higher eukaryotes en masse. Microarray analyses and more recent high‐throughput sequencing technology will allow all the origins to be mapped onto the chromosomes of any organism whose genome has been sequenced. With the advent of whole‐genome studies on gene expression and chromatin composition, the field is now positioned to define both the genetic and epigenetic rules that govern origin activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 321–329, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of c‐Src tyrosine kinase in SHP‐1 phosphatase activation by Ang II AT2receptors in rat fetal tissues
Authors: Alvarez Sergio E. , Seguin Leonardo R. , Villarreal Rodrigo S. , Nahmias Clara , Ciuffo Gladys M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAngiotensin II (Ang II) AT2receptors are abundantly expressed in rat fetal tissues where they probably contribute to development. In the present study we examine the effects of Ang II type 2 receptor stimulation on SHP‐1 activation. Ang II (10−7M) elicits a rapid and transient tyrosine phosphorylation of SHP‐1, maximal at 1 min, in a dose‐dependent form, blocked by the AT2antagonist, PD123319. SHP‐1 phosphorylation is followed in time by tyrosine dephosphorylation of different proteins, suggesting a sequence of events. Ang II induces association of SHP‐1 to AT2receptors as shown by co‐immunoprecipitation, Western blot and binding assays. SHP‐1 activity was determined in immunocomplexes obtained with either anti‐AT2or anti‐SHP‐1 antibodies, after Ang II stimulation (1 min), in correlation with the maximal level of SHP‐1 phosphorylation. Interestingly, following receptor stimulation (1 min) c‐Src was associated to AT2or SHP‐1 immunocomplexes. Preincubation with the c‐Src inhibitor PP2 inhibited SHP‐1 activation and c‐Src association, thus confirming the participation of c‐Src in this pathway. We demonstrated here for the first time the involvement of c‐Src in SHP‐1 activation via AT2receptors present in an ex vivo model expressing both receptor subtypes. In this model, AT2receptors are not constitutively associated to SHP‐1 and SHP‐1 is not constitutively activated. Thus, we clearly establish that SHP‐1 activation, mediated by the AT2subtype, involves c‐Src and precedes protein tyrosine dephosphorylation, in rat fetal membranes. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 703–711, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential transactivation by orphan nuclear receptor NOR1 and its fusion gene product EWS/NOR1: Possible involvement of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase I, PARP‐1
Authors: Ohkura Naganari , Nagamura Yuko , Tsukada Toshihiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, a chromosomal translocation creates a gene fusion between EWS and an orphan nuclear receptor, NOR1. The resulting fusion protein EWS/NOR1 has been believed to lead to malignant transformation by functioning as a transactivator for NOR1‐target genes. By comparing the gene expression profiles of NOR1‐ and EWS/NOR1‐overexpressing cells, we found that they largely shared up‐regulated genes, but no significant correlation was observed with respect to the transactivation levels of each gene. In addition, the proteins associated with NOR1 and EWS/NOR1 were mostly the same in these cells. The results suggest that these proteins differentially transactivate overlapping target genes through a similar transcriptional machinery. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional divergence between NOR1 and EWS/NOR1, we searched for alternatively associated proteins, and identified poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase I (PARP‐1) as an NOR1‐specific binding protein. Consistent with its binding properties, PARP‐1 acted as a transcriptional repressor of NOR1, but not EWS/NOR1, in a luciferase reporter assay employing PARP‐1(−/−) fibroblasts. Interestingly, suppressive activity of PARP‐1 was observed in a DNA response element‐specific manner, and in a subtype‐specific manner toward the NR4A family (Nur77, Nurr1, and NOR1), suggesting that PARP‐1 plays a role in the diversity of transcriptional regulation mediated by the NR4A family in normal cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that NOR1 and EWS/NOR1 regulate overlapping target genes differently by utilizing associated proteins, including PARP‐1; and that EWS/NOR1 may acquire oncogenic activities by avoiding (or gaining) transcription factor‐specific modulation by the associated proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 785–800, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strong difference families over arbitrary graphs
Authors: Buratti Marco , Gionfriddo Lucia 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe concept of a strong difference family formally introduced in Buratti [J Combin Designs 7 (1999), 406–425] with the aim of getting group divisible designs with an automorphism group acting regularly on the points, is here extended for getting, more generally, sharply‐vertex‐transitive Γ‐decompositions of a complete multipartite graph for several kinds of graphs Γ. We show, for instance, that if Γ has e edges, then it is often possible to get a sharply‐vertex‐transitive Γ‐decomposition of Km × e for any integer m whose prime factors are not smaller than the chromatic number of Γ. This is proved to be true whenever Γ admits an α‐labeling and, also, when Γ is an odd cycle or the Petersen graph or the prism T5 or the wheel W6. We also show that sometimes strong difference families lead to regular Γ‐decompositions of a complete graph. We construct, for instance, a regular cube‐decomposition of K16m for any integer m whose prime factors are all congruent to 1 modulo 6. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 443–461, 2008
New insights on cellular distribution, microtubule interactions and post‐translational modifications of MS‐KIF18A
Authors: Zusev Margalit , Benayahu Dafna 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present study highlights on the biochemical and immunological analysis of MS‐KIF18A in pre‐osteogenic MBA‐15 cells. The protein distribution in various cellular compartments was demonstrated by imaging and Western blot (WB) analysis. MS‐KIF18A interactions with cytoskeletal proteins were confirmed for tubulin and actin. The complex between MS‐KIF18A and microtubules (MT) was demonstrated in cellular system for endogenous proteins and also between recombinant proteins in pull down and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. Multiple assays including metabolic labeling, cell fractionation and IP with anti‐MS‐KIF18A antibody demonstrated an association with actin that was prominent in the cell cytoplasm. Sub‐cellular fractionation identified diverse forms of MS‐KIF18A in cytoplasm and membrane/nucleus compartments which are suggested to represent the result of post‐transcriptional modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. These modifications on MS‐KIF18A were analyzed by bioinformatics and immunological assays. Furthermore, we studied the role of ubiquitin–proteasome system in the MS‐KIF18A degradation. Taken together, the current study sheds light on MS‐KIF18A a MT‐dependent kinesin and adds insights on the post‐translational modifications that potentially control the protein cellular distribution and its co‐association with cytoskeletal proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 618–625, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolving strategies for global gene expression analysis of cancer
Authors: Coe Bradley P. , Chari Raj , Lockwood William W. , Lam Wan L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe advent of high throughput gene expression profiling, from microarrays to sequence based assays has yielded vast insight into the biology of tumors. New technologies are constantly being unveiled which promise to generate more accurate maps of tumor gene deregulation, and demand the development of new strategies in data analysis. This review details the challenges faced in profiling tumor transcriptomes, and highlights the emerging strategies to utilize global profiling approaches to advance our understanding of causal genetic and epigenetic events and their impact on gene expression and tumor phenotype and behavior, through high throughput profiling, and integration of multiple dimensions of genomic data. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 590–597, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of alkaline protease production from Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 by response surface methodology
Authors: Anbu Periasamy , Annadurai Gurusamy , Lee Jiunn‐Fwu , Hur Byung‐Ki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The proteases are among the most important groups of enzymes. Therefore, it is important to produce inexpensive and optimized media for large‐scale commercial production. In the present work, three different Shewanella species were screened on skim milk agar medium for their ability to produce alkaline protease. The effects of different culture conditions were optimized for alkaline protease production by S. oneidensis MR‐1 using a Box–Behnken design combined with response surface methodology (RSM).RESULTS: Highest yield (112.90 U mL−1) of protease production was obtained at pH 9.0, a temperature of 30 °C, glucose (12.5 g L−1), tryptone (12.5 g L−1) and an incubation period of 36 h. A second‐order polynomial regression model was used for analysis of the experiment. The experimental values were in good agreement with predicted values, with correlation coefficient 0.9996.CONCLUSION: Carbon and nitrogen, pH, temperature and incubation period were chosen as the main factors to be used in an experimental design for optimization to produce low‐cost enzymes, potentially for use on an industrial scale. A 60% increase in enzyme activity was achieved in the optimized medium compared with the original medium. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal of H2S and volatile organic sulfur compounds by silicone membrane extraction
Authors: Manconi I. , Lens P. N. L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study explores an alternative process for the abatement and/or desulfurization of H2S and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSC) containing waste streams, which employs a silicone‐based membrane to simultaneously remove H2S and VOSC. An extractive membrane reactor allows the selective withdrawal of VOSC and H2S simultaneously from the waste stream, while preventing direct contact between the waste stream and the absorbing solution and/or the biological treatment system. The influence of the sulfur compounds, membrane characteristics, extractant and pH was studied.RESULTS: Sulfide and the VOCS studied, i.e. methanethiol (MT), ethanethiol (ET) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were removed from the synthetic wastewater using a silicone rubber membrane. Methanethiol showed the highest (8.72 × 10−6 m s−1) overall mass transfer coefficient (kov) and sulfide the lowest kov value (1.23 × 10−6 m s−1). Adsorption of the VOCS into the silicone membrane reduced the overall mass transfer coefficient. The kov when using Fe(III)EDTA− as extractant (5.81 × 10−7 m s−1) for sulfide extraction was one order of magnitude lower than with anaerobic water (2.54 × 10−6 m s−1). On the other hand, the sulfide removal efficiency with Fe(III)EDTA− was higher (84%) compared with anaerobic water (60%) as extractant. An additional mass transfer resistance was formed by elemental sulfur which remained attached to the membrane surface.CONCLUSIONS: Extraction of sulfide and VOCS from a synthetic wastewater solution through a silicone rubber membrane is a feasible process as alternative to the techniques developed to treat VOSC emissions. Optimizing the aqueous absorption liquid can increase the efficiency of extraction based processes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A kinetic study of the depolymerisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by phase transfer catalysed alkaline hydrolysis
Authors: López‐Fonseca R. , González‐Marcos M. P. , González‐Velasco J. R. , Gutiérrez‐Ortiz J. I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Chemical or tertiary recycling of waste polymers including PET, poly(ethylene terephthalate), leads to the formation of raw starting monomers by different depolymerisation routes. This work was focused on the identification of the catalytic behaviour, if any, of a series of quaternary phosphonium and ammonium salts as phase transfer catalysts for the alkaline hydrolysis of PET, and on the determination of the kinetics of the phase transfer catalysed process.RESULTS: Among the salts examined tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide was found to be the most effective catalyst. The proposed kinetic model accounted for the uncatalysed and catalysed reactions and predicted a linear correlation for the reaction rate with the concentration of the quaternary salt. The notable increase in the phase transfer catalysed reaction rate was related mainly to the greater value of the pre‐exponential factor while the value of the activation energy was hardly modified by the presence of the quaternary phosphonium salt, thereby suggesting a similar mechanism for the alkaline hydrolysis with or without phase transfer catalyst.CONCLUSIONS: The use of selected phosphonium quaternary salts exhibited a remarkably positive effect on the experimental conditions under which the depolymerisation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by alkaline hydrolysis can be carried out, especially in terms of low operating temperature. Kinetic correlations provided a reliable mathematical reaction model for this recycling process, which is in agreement with the principles of sustainable development. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of dry‐salt processing on the textural properties and cell wall polysaccharides of cv. Thasos black olives
Authors: Cardoso Susana M , Mafra Isabel , Reis Ana , Georget Dominique MR , Smith Andrew C , Waldron Keith W , Coimbra Manuel A 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Thasos is an olive variety cultivated mainly in Greece used to produce ‘naturally black dry‐salted olives’. This process consists in placing the olives in disposed layers with coarse sodium chloride. The loss of water and other solutes gradually debitters and wrinkles the fruits. In this study, the effect of dry‐salt processing on the texture and cell wall polysaccharide composition was investigated.RESULTS: This type of processing affected primarily the mechanical properties of the olive flesh. In processed olives, this tissue was approximately 4.5 times stronger and also more deformable up to failure and stiffer than that from the raw olives. The dry‐salt processing had its strongest effect on pectic polysaccharides. This included the increment of solubilization of arabinose‐rich polymers in aqueous solutions, and thus their partial loss to the soak medium during dry‐salting. Contrarily, galacturonic acid‐rich polymers were further retained in the processed olives, probably by their stabilization within the cell walls by reduction of the electrostatic repulsion between the acidic groups of these polysaccharides due to sodium ions.CONCLUSION: The texture improvement of olive flesh by dry‐salt processing seems to be correlated with the reorganization of the galacturonic acid‐rich pectic polysaccharides into the cell wall of the fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Review of factors that influence the abundance of ions produced in a tandem mass spectrometer and statistical methods for discovering these factors
Authors: Barton Sheila J. , Whittaker John C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractProteomic technologies are important because they link genes, proteins and disease. The identification of proteins and peptides has been revolutionized in the last decade by the use of mass spectrometry. This method is highly sensitive and much faster than the chemical reactions used previously because it can fragment peptides in seconds rather than in hours or days. Proteins are digested with an enzyme, usually trypsin, and the resulting peptides are fragmented in a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS). The masses of the fragment ions formed in the MS/MS can be used to identify the sequence of amino acids in the peptides. However, a number of different factors have been found to influence the amount of the various types of fragment ion formed. In this article, we review these factors and their interrelation together with the statistical methods used to discover them. Information on the number of fragment ions formed is at present underused in peptide identification algorithms, and fully utilizing this information could improve current algorithms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:177–187, 2009
Enhancement of p53 expression in keratinocytes by the bioflavonoid apigenin is associated with RNA‐binding protein HuR
Authors: Tong Xin , Pelling Jill C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe have reported previously that apigenin, a naturally occurring nonmutagenic flavonoid, increased wild‐type p53 protein expression in the mouse keratinocyte 308 cell line by a mechanism involving p53 protein stabilization. Here we further demonstrated that the increase in p53 protein level induced by apigenin treatment of 308 keratinoyctes was not the result of enhanced transcription, mRNA stabilization or cytoplasmic export of p53 mRNA. Instead, biosynthetic labeling showed that apigenin increased nascent p53 protein synthesis by enhancing p53 translation. The AU‐rich element (ARE) within the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of p53 mRNA was found to be responsible for apigenin's ability to increase p53 translation, as demonstrated in studies wherein the 3′‐UTR of p53 mRNA containing the ARE was fused downstream of a luciferase reporter gene. Furthermore, apigenin treatment increased the level of association of the RNA binding protein HuR with endogenous p53 mRNA. Apigenin treatment also augmented HuR translocation into the cytoplasm. Overexpression of HuR enhanced apigenin‐induced p53 protein expression in 308 keratinocytes, whereas siRNA‐mediated HuR reduction suppressed apigenin‐induced p53 protein expression and de novo translation of p53. Moreover, apigenin treatment of cells induced p16 protein expression, which in turn was correlated with cytoplasmic localization of HuR induced by apigenin. Overall, these findings indicate that, in addition to modulating p53 protein stability, one of the mechanisms by which apigenin induces p53 protein expression is enhancement of translation through the RNA binding protein HuR. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of non‐small cell lung cancer cell migration by grape seed proanthocyanidins is mediated through the inhibition of nitric oxide, guanylate cyclase, and ERK1/2
Authors: Punathil Thejass , Katiyar Santosh K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTumor cell migration is considered as a major event in the metastatic cascade. Here we examined the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on migration capacity and signaling mechanisms using nonsmall cell human lung cancer cells. Using in vitro migration assay, we found that treatment of A549 and H1299 cells with GSPs resulted in concentration‐dependent inhibition of migration of these cells. The migration capacity of cells was reduced in presence of NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. GSPs suppressed the elevated levels of endogenous NO/NOS in A549 and H1299 cells and blocked the migration promoting capacity ofL‐arginine. Treatment with guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor 1‐H‐[1,2,4]oxadiaxolo[4,3‐a]quinolalin‐1‐one (ODQ) reduced the migration of A549 cells whereas additional presence of 8‐bromoguanosine 3′5′‐cyclic monophosphate (8‐Br‐cGMP, cGMP analogue) restored the migration of these cells, suggesting a role for GC in migration of A549 cells. GSPs reduced the elevated levels of cGMP in cancer cells and also blocked the migration restoring activity of 8‐Br‐cGMP. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) inhibitor, UO126, inhibited the migration of A549 cells, indicating a role for MAPKK in the migration. Additionally, UO126 and ODQ inhibited the migration restoring effects ofL‐arginine inL‐NAME‐treated cells, suggesting the involvement of cGMP and MAPK pathways in NO‐mediated migration. GSPs inhibitedL‐arginine and 8‐Br‐cGMP‐induced activation of ERK1/2 in A549 cells. Together, these results indicate sequential inhibition of NO/NOS, GC, and MAPK pathways by GSPs in mediating the inhibitory signals for cell migration, an essential step in invasion and metastasis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.