bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature of the continent–ocean transition zone along the southern Australian continental margin: a comparison of the Naturaliste Plateau, SW Australia, and the central Great Australian Bight sectors
Authors: Direen N. G. , Borissova I. , Stagg H. M. J. , Colwell J. B. , Symonds P. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
We document the interpretation of three crustal sections from coincident deep seismic reflection, gravity and magnetic data acquired on Australia's southern margin: one section from the Naturaliste Plateau and the Diamantina Zone; and two in the Great Australian Bight (GAB). Interpretations are based on an integrated study of deep multichannel seismic, gravity and magnetic data, together with sparse sonobuoy and dredging information.

All interpreted sections of the margin show a transition from thinned continental crust, through a wide continent ocean transition zone (COTZ). In the GAB the transition is to slow sea-floor spreading oceanic crust that dates from breakup in the Campanian (
c
. 83 Ma); in the Naturaliste–Diamantina margin the earliest oceanic crust is undated. The COTZ on these margins is geologically and geophysically complex, but interpretation of all data, including dredge hauls, is consistent with the presence of a mixture of modified continental lower crust, breakup related volcanics and exhumed continental mantle. Serpentinized detachment faults are not well imaged, but have been inferred from high-amplitude magnetic signatures interpreted to arise from magnetite associated with the hydration of peridotites. Alternative models for the structure of the COTZ, involving either mafic underplating or aborted sea-floor spreading, have been explored, but are considered unlikely on this margin.

Similarity in the final architecture of these margins has major implications for the nature of rifting in the Southern Rift System, and may point to the entire 4000 km-long system being non-volcanic in character.
Second-order differences in geometry and morphology of the two areas studied are unlikely to be a function of strain rate. Instead, they probably reflect complexities owing to the multiple tectonic events that occurred during final Gondwanide fragmentation. The most dramatic of these is the impact of hotspot activity in the Kerguelen Plateau, which commenced some 50 Ma prior to final breakup in that sector.
Constraints on the deformation and rupturing of continental lithosphere of the Red Sea: the transition from rifting to drifting
Authors: Cochran J. R. , Karner G. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Red Sea is an ideal locale for testing differing models and hypotheses for rift evolution and the initiation of sea-floor spreading. The Red Sea is an active rift system that formed by the rifting of Precambrian continental lithosphere beginning in the late Oligocene, leading to breakup and sea-floor spreading by approximately 5 Ma in the southern Red Sea to the south of about 19°30′N. In the northern Red Sea, north of approximately 23°30′N, organized sea-floor spreading is not observed, although individual volcanoes are located within discrete ‘deeps’ spaced along the axial depression. These have been interpreted as marking the beginning of a transition from amagmatic, mechanical rifting to magmatic, oceanic spreading. Based on seismic reflection and refraction, gravity, magnetic and heat flow data in the northern Red Sea, it has been suggested that rift development occurs via the rotation of large crustal fault blocks that sole into a zone of plastic creep in the lower crust, resulting in a flat Moho and high upper crustal relief. Melt formed within individual rift segments is focused to form small axial volcanoes. That is, the northern Red Sea is on the verge of replacing horizontal translation with focused mantle upwelling and organized sea-floor spreading. In marked contrast, many passive margins (e.g. West Africa, Brazil, and NW and NE Australia) are characterized by the stacking of regional synrift sag packages, the thickness and distribution of which are inconsistent with the minor amounts of brittle deformation mapped from seismic sections. A fundamental implication of this observation is that rifts characterized by large offset fault systems, (i.e. faults that generate synrift accommodation, such as in the Basin and Range province and East Africa) will not proceed to breakup. The challenge is to understand why different portions of the Red Sea show different stages in the development of a spreading centre during continental rifting. Two hypotheses exist: (1) the structural framework deduced in the north simply continues to the south where sea-floor spreading exists and that the two regions are registering a difference in total extension. Thus, the northern Red Sea has experienced insufficient extension to breach the continental lithosphere but, in time, should develop into a spreading centre; or (2) the lithosphere of the northern Red Sea region is rheologically stronger compared with the lithosphere of the southern Red Sea, perhaps as a consequence of the thermal effects of the Afar plume, and the northern Red Sea will never evolve to sea-floor spreading. The existence of large rotated fault blocks, as implied from the inversion of gravity and magnetic anomaly data, favours the latter.
Effects of initial weakness on rift architecture
Authors: Dyksterhuis S. , Rey P. , Müller R. D. , Moresi L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Much work has been conducted investigating the primary factors controlling rift architecture, using both computational and laboratory methods. Here, we examine the effects and relative importance that different types of initial weaknesses have on extensional lithospheric deformation style. We find that the type of initial weakness included in the model plays a primary role in determining the subsequent rift mode. Models using single localized weak seeds produce symmetric narrow rifts, irrespective of whether or not strain softening is included, while models that include regions of diffuse weaknesses produce a wide rift mode. Models that include an initial weak fault tend to produce more asymmetric rifting leading to a core complex mode. By distributing the strain laterally over large areas, the ductile lower crust tends to oppose the narrow rift mode forced by the initial weakness. These results suggest that initial weaknesses may play a major role in determining the mode of rifting. Our numerical experiments confirm that low-angle faults can form as the result of rotation of initially high-angle faults. While previous studies have suggested that the rheological and thermal profiles of the lithosphere play the most important role in rift mode determination, our results illustrate that initial weaknesses could play a major role in rift mode determination, highlighting the need to make initial weaknesses a primary consideration when modelling the extensional deformation of the lithosphere.
Structure of the Flemish Cap margin, Newfoundland: insights into mantle and crustal processes during continental breakup
Authors: Hopper J. R. , Funck T. , Tucholke B. E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSeismic reflection and refraction data from the Flemish Cap margin off Newfoundland reveal the large-scale structure of a magma-starved rifted margin. There is little evidence for significant extensional deformation of the Flemish Cap, consistent with the hypothesis that it behaved as a microplate throughout the Mesozoic. The seismic data highlight important asymmetries at a variety of scales that developed during the final stages of continental breakup and the onset of oceanic sea-floor spreading. In strong contrast to the conjugate Galicia Bank margin, Flemish Cap shows: (1) an abrupt necking profile in continental crust, thinning from 30 km thick to 3 km thick over a distance of 80 km, and a narrow, less than 20 km-wide, zone of extremely thin continental crust; (2) no clear evidence for horizontal detachment structures beneath continental crust similar to the ‘S’ reflection; and (3) evidence for at least a 60 km-wide zone of anomalously thin oceanic crust that began accreting to the margin shortly after continental crustal separation. The oceanic crust averages only 3–4 km thick and in places is as thin as 1.3 km thick, although seismic layer 3 is missing where this occurs. The data suggest that there are large spatial and temporal variations in the available melt supply following continental breakup as oceanic sea-floor spreading becomes established. In addition, wide-angle data show that anomalously slow mantle P-wave velocities appear approximately where continental crust has thinned to 6–8 km thick, indicating that low-degree serpentinization begins where the entire crust has become embrittled.
The formation of non-volcanic rifted margins by the progressive extension of the lithosphere: the example of the West Iberian margin
Authors: Reston T. J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Non-volcanic margins such as the West Iberian margin exhibit certain characteristics, such as a deficit of synrift igneous rock, a zone of exhumed subcontinental mantle in the continent–ocean transition and an apparent extension discrepancy. These observations can be explained as a consequence of the progressive extension of the lithosphere above relatively cool mantle. The evolving rheological stratification of the lithosphere controls the style of extension at different lithospheric levels at different times; extension is probably heterogeneous at all stages, with lower crustal and upper mantle boudinage controlling the patterns of thinning and mantle upwelling early in the rift history, and complete crustal embrittlement and mantle serpentinization controlling the formation of late-stage detachment faults. Extension in the brittle crust is via multiple phases of faulting, with a general focusing of extension towards the incipient ocean.
The lack of melt is explained by a combination of heterogeneous extension of the lower lithosphere and a cool subcontinental geotherm. The extension discrepancy may in places be controlled by depth-dependent stretching of the crust through lower crustal boudinage, but may also simply be the result of incomplete recognition of the entire polyphase faulting history. The latter seems to be the case for West Iberia.
Evidence for all these processes can be found at the West Iberian rifted margins as well as those preserved and partially exposed in the Alps.
Results of a Randomized Trial to Increase Mammogram Usage among Samoan Women
Authors: Mishra Shiraz I. , Bastani Roshan , Crespi Catherine M. , Chang L. Cindy , Luce Pat H. , Baquet Claudia R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground: There are no effective breast cancer education programs targeting Samoan women. We tested the effectiveness of a theory-guided, culturally appropriate breast cancer education program (the intervention) designed to increase mammography use among Samoan women.Methods: This community-based participatory cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial used a parallel two-group design. The sample consisted of 776 women aged 42 and older who had not had a mammogram in the preceding 2 years. The primary outcome was self-reported mammogram use between pretest and posttest.Results: Overall, there was no statistically significant intervention effect, although the odds of self-reported mammogram use were higher in the intervention than the control group (odds ratio (OR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.74, 2.14; P = 0.39). Exploratory subgroup analyses found that the intervention was effective only among women who were aware of mammograms but had never previously obtained one (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.03, 3.85; P = 0.04). Low need for social support and lack of endorsement of culture-specific beliefs about breast cancer were associated with mammogram use in this group. In women unaware of mammography at pretest, high perceived susceptibility to breast cancer and endorsement of culture-specific beliefs were associated with mammogram use. For women who had previously obtained a mammogram, lower self-efficacy was associated with mammogram use. Intervention compared with control group women had significantly higher levels of knowledge of risk factors and lower endorsement of culture-specific beliefs at posttest.Conclusions: Results suggest that a multifaceted education intervention may improve mammogram usage for certain subgroups of Samoan women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2594–604)
Strategies and Cost of Recruitment of Middle-aged and Older Unmarried Women in a Cancer Screening Study
Authors: Clark Melissa A. , Neighbors Charles J. , Wasserman Melanie R. , Armstrong Gene F. , Drnach Melody L. , Howie Stephanie L. , Hawthorne Terri L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectives: We compared strategies and costs associated with recruiting unmarried middle-aged and older women who partner with women (WPW) and women who partner with men (WPM) into an observational study about experiences with cancer screening.Methods: We used targeted and respondent-driven sampling methods to recruit potential participants. Comparable recruitment strategies were used for WPW and WPM.Results: During 25 months (June 1, 2003, through June 30, 2005), 773 women were screened for study eligibility; 630 were enrolled (213 WPW, 417 WPM). Average staff time spent for recruitment was 100 min per participant. There were no differences by partner gender in average recruitment time (WPW, 90 min; WPM, 100 min). Print media was the most efficient recruitment mode (time per participant: 10 min for WPW, 15 min for WPM). Recruitment costs differed by partner gender ($140 for WPW, $110 for WPM). Costs associated with print media were $10 per WPW and $20 per WPM. Recruitment through community events had higher costs ($490 per WPW, $275 per WPM) but yielded more women with less education and lower incomes, who identified as a racial or ethnic minority, and self-reported a disability. Compared with WPM, WPW had more education and higher incomes, but were less likely to identify as a racial minority and self-report a disability.Conclusions: There was a trade-off between cost and sample diversity for the different recruitment methods. The per-person costs were lowest for print media, but recruitment through community events ensured a more diverse representation of unmarried heterosexual and sexual minority women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2605–14)
Adiposity and Age are Statistically Related to EnhancedRASSF1ATumor Suppressor Gene Promoter Methylation in Normal Autopsy Kidney Tissue
Authors: Peters Inga , Vaske Bernhard , Albrecht Knut , Kuczyk Markus A. , Jonas Udo , Serth Jürgen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAge, adiposity, and smoking are risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma. Hypermethylation of the RAS association domain family 1A gene (RASSF1A) promoter belongs to the most frequently detected epigenetic alterations in human cancers including renal cell carcinoma. RASSF1A is functionally involved in cell cycle control in normal cells and depletion promotes a number of cellular changes increasing the risk for neoplastic growth. We investigated the hypothesis that age, modulated by the factors adiposity and anthracosis as a surrogate for smoking, is a predictor of RASSF1A promoter methylation in normal kidney tissue. Using a cross-sectional study design, we quantitatively analyzed RASSF1A methylation in 78 normal autopsy kidney tissues by quantitative combined bisulfite and restriction analysis and bisulfite sequencing, and statistically evaluated the degree of relative methylation for a relationship with the predictor age and study factors adiposity and state of anthracosis. Statistical analysis showed that age (regression analysis; P &lt; 0.001), adiposity (univariate analysis; P = 0.016), and state of anthracosis (t test; P = 0.005) are each significantly associated with an increase of RASSF1A promoter methylation in normal kidney tissue. However, only age (P = 0.008) and adiposity (P = 0.008) were identified as independent predictors of RASSF1A promoter methylation using covariance analysis. This study provides statistical evidence that the common cancer risk factors age and adiposity enhance RASSF1A promoter methylation in nonmalignant kidney tissue. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2526–32)
Six-Month Follow-up of Patient-Rated Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise Training during Breast Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , Segal Roanne J. , Gelmon Karen , Reid Robert D. , Mackey John R. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Proulx Caroline , Lane Kirstin , Ladha Aliya B. , Vallance Jeffrey K. , Liu Qi , Yasui Yutaka , McKenzie Donald C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground: Few exercise trials in cancer patients have reported longer-term follow-up. Here, we report a 6-month follow-up of exercise behavior and patient-rated outcomes from an exercise trial in breast cancer patients.Methods: Breast cancer patients initiating adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 242) were randomly assigned to usual care (n = 82), resistance exercise training (RET; n = 82), or aerobic exercise training (AET; n = 78) for the duration of their chemotherapy. At 6-month follow-up, participants were mailed a questionnaire that assessed quality of life, self-esteem, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and exercise behavior.Results: Two hundred one (83.1%) participants provided 6-month follow-up data. Adjusted linear mixed-model analyses showed that, at 6-month follow-up, the RET group reported higher self-esteem [adjusted mean difference, 1.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.1-3.2; P = 0.032] and the AET group reported lower anxiety (adjusted mean difference, −4.7; 95% CI, −0.0 to −9.3; P = 0.049) compared with the usual care group. Moreover, compared with participants reporting no regular exercise during the follow-up period, those reporting regular aerobic and resistance exercise also reported better patient-rated outcomes, including quality of life (adjusted mean difference, 9.5; 95% CI, 1.2-17.8; P = 0.025).Conclusions: Improvements in self-esteem observed with RET during breast cancer chemotherapy were maintained at 6-month follow-up whereas reductions in anxiety not observed with AET during breast cancer chemotherapy emerged at 6-month follow-up. Moreover, adopting a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program after breast cancer chemotherapy was associated with further improvements in patient-rated outcomes. Exercise training during breast cancer chemotherapy may result in some longer-term and late effects for selected patient-rated outcomes. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2572–8)
Association Between Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Hormone Metabolism and DNA Repair Genes and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Results from Two Australian Studies and an Additional Validation Set
Authors: Beesley Jonathan , Jordan Susan J. , Spurdle Amanda B. , Song Honglin , Ramus Susan J. , Kjaer Suzanne Kruger , Hogdall Estrid , DiCioccio Richard A. , McGuire Valerie , Whittemore Alice S. , Gayther Simon A. , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Webb Penelope M. , Chenevix-Trench Georgia ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group,   Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer),   Australian Breast Cancer Family Study
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Although some high-risk ovarian cancer genes have been identified, it is likely that common low penetrance alleles exist that confer some increase in ovarian cancer risk. We have genotyped nine putative functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes involved in steroid hormone synthesis (SRD5A2, CYP19A1, HSB17B1, and HSD17B4) and DNA repair (XRCC2, XRCC3, BRCA2, and RAD52) using two Australian ovarian cancer case-control studies, comprising a total of 1,466 cases and 1,821 controls of Caucasian origin. Genotype frequencies in cases and controls were compared using logistic regression. The only SNP we found to be associated with ovarian cancer risk in both of these two studies was SRD5A2 V89L (rs523349), which showed a significant trend of increasing risk per rare allele (P = 0.00002). We then genotyped another SNP in this gene (rs632148; r2 = 0.945 with V89L) in an attempt to validate this finding in an independent set of 1,479 cases and 2,452 controls from United Kingdom, United States, and Denmark. There was no association between rs632148 and ovarian cancer risk in the validation samples, and overall, there was no significant heterogeneity between the results of the five studies. Further analyses of SNPs in this gene are therefore warranted to determine whether SRD5A2 plays a role in ovarian cancer predisposition. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2557–9)
Karyometry of the Colonic Mucosa
Authors: Alberts David S. , Einspahr Janine G. , Krouse Robert S. , Prasad Anil , Ranger-Moore James , Hamilton Peter , Ismail Ayaaz , Lance Peter , Goldschmid Steven , Hess Lisa M. , Yozwiak Michael , Bartels Hubert G. , Bartels Peter H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Objective: The study summarizes results of karyometric measurements in epithelial cells of the colorectal mucosa to document evidence of a field effect of preneoplastic development among patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma or adenoma.
Methods: Karyometric analyses were done on high-resolution images of histologic sections from 48 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas and 44 patients with adenomas and on images from matching normal-appearing mucosa directly adjacent to such lesions, at a 1-cm and 10-cm distance from the lesions or from the rectal mucosa of adenoma patients, as well as from 24 healthy normal controls with no family history of colonic disease.
Results: The nuclei recorded in the histologically normal-appearing mucosa of patients with either colorectal adenoma or adenocarcinoma exhibited differences in karyometric features in comparison with nuclei recorded in rectal mucosa from patients who were free of a colonic lesion. These differences were expressed to the same extent in tissue adjacent to the lesions and in normal-appearing tissue as distant as the rectum.
Conclusions: The nuclear chromatin pattern may serve as an integrating biomarker for a preneoplastic development. The field effect might provide an end point in chemopreventive intervention trials. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2704–16)
Dicarbonyl/l-Xylulose Reductase: A Potential Biomarker Identified by Laser-Capture Microdissection-Micro Serial Analysis of Gene Expression of Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Cho-Vega Jeong Hee , Tsavachidis Spiridon , Do Kim-Anh , Nakagawa Junichi , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , McDonnell Timothy J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To identify genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis, we used laser-capture microdissection-micro serial analysis of gene expression to construct libraries of paired cancer and normal cells from human tissue samples. After computational comparison of the two libraries, we identified dicarbonyl/l-xylulose reductase (DCXR), an enzyme that catalyzes α-dicarbonyl and l-xylulose, as being significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer cells. The specificity of DCXR up-regulation for prostate cancer tissues was confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, virtual Northern blot, and Western blot analyses. Furthermore, DCXR expression at the protein level was assessed using fresh-frozen tissues and a tissue microarray consisting of 46 cases of organ-confined early-stage prostate cancer and 29 cases of chemohormonally treated prostate cancer. In most normal prostate epithelial cells, DCXR was expressed at low levels and was localized predominantly in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast, in virtually all grades of early-stage prostate cancer and in all chemohormonally treated cases, DCXR was strikingly overexpressed and was localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In all samples, the stromal cells were completely devoid of DCXR expression. Based on these findings, we suggest that DCXR overexpression has the potential to be an additional useful biomarker for prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2615–22)