bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Centralisation of the Cult in Deuteronomy
Authors: Nicholson Ernest 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIt is generally agreed among students of the Old Testament that one of the fundamental demands of the book of Deuteronomy is that Israel's worship of Yahweh is to be carried out at one central sanctuary, viz. at the place which Yahweh shall cboose 1). There has not however been the same unanimity of opinion on the problem of the origin of this dogma. In this short paper we shall outline briefly some recent theories with a view to determining whether a satisfactory solution of the problem has been arrived at or whether some new solution should be attempted.
Israel's Encounters With Edom, Moab, Ammon, Sihon, and Og According To the Deuteronomist
Authors: Sumner W.A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOur examination of the narrative of Israel's encounters with Edom, Moab, Ammon, Sihon, and Og in Deuteronomy has shown some of the ways in which the Deuteronomist has utilised his source material and what interests he had in mind. Our treatment of the parallel accounts in Numbers did much to confirm and qualify our impressions, and helped us to suggest the form and contents of the earlier tradition.
Les Sources Du Chapitre VII De Daniel
Authors: Delcor M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractQuand nous employons ici le mot "sources", nous l'entendons dans son sens le plus large. Ce sont d'abord les influences littéraires conscientes qui ont pu s'exercer sur l'auteur de Daniel vii, que celles-ci soient bibliques ou extrabibliques. Mais il y a aussi des influences ou des parentés plus vagues et qui ne sont pas toujours perçues nettement par l'auteur. En effet, il nous semble important d'essayer de déterminer ces influences ou parentés car elles nous permettront sans doute de mieux saisir le sens du chap. vii de Daniel. Mais, auparavant, il nous faut examiner le problème de structure et d'unité littéraire du chapitre. L'un des derniers commentateurs, PORTEOUS, écrit justement: "Wenn man dieses Kapitel deuten will, so muss man zuerst die schwierige Entscheidung treffen, ob es eine Einheit darstellt oder nicht' 1).
The Use of the Word as a Title in the Old Testament
Authors: Bartlett J.R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMany societies have used the word "head" metaphorically to describe the position of the leading figure in a society or in some smaller group, and this title usually has a vague and imprecise meaning. To be intelligible it needs to be given some known context or some further definition. For example, if we are schoolmasters, we may among ourselves refer to "the Head", but outside school, unless we are speaking to people who know the context of our work, we have to refer to "the Headmaster" to be fully understood. And even when the context of the headship is known, the title "head" by itself tells us nothing definite about the position of the person so described. We know nothing, for example, about the means of his appointment, the tenure of his office, or the scope of his powers. Thus the word "head" can often be used in a general sense of some position or office for which there is in fact an official or more descriptive title. In the Old Testament, however, the title is not always so vaguely used. Although the word "head" in Hebrew as in English has a natural ambiguity on many occasions, we can at least show that in the Old Testament the word is used of a person's position only in certain well defined spheres. And because the title "head" in the Old Testament has a fairly limited reference, the details of appointment, tenure of office or position, and scope of powers, though sometimes unknown to us, may not have been so generally unknown in ancient Israel.
La Vision Daniélique Du Fils D'Homme
Authors: Coppens J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUn article récent de M. A. CAQUOT nous invite à revenir une fois de plus à l'explication de la vision daniélique du Fils d'homme, et cela d'autant plus que le professeur de Paris ne se contente pas d'étudier cette figure énigmatique mais s'applique aussi à interpréter le cadre où elle apparaît, c'est-à-dire la vision des quatre empires dont la destruction précède la venue du personnage mystérieux 1). Nous voudrions donc, en dialogue avec l'auteur cité, examiner successivement le cadre de la vision, les origines du symbole et sa signification.
Herabfahrung Jahwes Auf Die Lade Und Entziehung Der Feuerwolke
Authors: Dus J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEs gibt viele Probleme in der Geschichte Altisraels, die noch nicht einmal formuliert wurden, obwohl von ihrer Lösung die Aufklärung des komplizierten Bestandes der alttestamentlichen Überlieferung abhängt. Durch die Besprechung zweier solcher Probleme wollen wir hier zur Erkenntnis der mittleren Richterzeit beitragen. Für diese war, zum Unterschied von der frühen und späten Richterzeit 1), der L a d e k u 1 t 2) bezeichnend.
Text-Sequence and Translation-Revision in 3 Reigns Ix 10-X 33
Authors: Gooding D.W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractI have in a former issue of this journa1) suggested that the material which now stands at 3 Reigns x 23-25 stands there as a result of a re-arrangement of the original text, and that the motive for the re-arrangement was a desire to excuse Solomon's accumulation of gold and horses. The purpose of this present article is to call attention to two further pieces of evidence : one confirming that the motive of the re-arrangement was as has been already suggested ; the other revealing at what level this revisory activity took place 2).
A Consideration of Hebrew 1)
Authors: Macintosh A.A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBy way of summary, we may state that denotes in origin an aspect of the physical expression of anger; it is used to denote angry protest: when God is the subject its connotation is both his anger and the effective working out of his anger. An extension of such meaning, which is consistent with later Jewish understanding of God, is that of authoritative moral reprimand 4), and in this way the word was mostly interpreted and understood in ancient times.
Diversity in a Multicultural and Poly-Ethnic World: Challenges and Responses
Authors: Du Tott Cornél W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMulticulturalism characterises today's world. The diversity of cultures and conflicting ethnic groups sharing the same territory pose a threat to local and world peace. We have come to the end of the nation' as well as the end of the 'state'homogeneous entities that are increasingly emasculated by instrumental reason qua techno-science and economic globalisation. Ethnic diversity is simultaneously a wealth and threat to African societies. African unity in the form of an ubuntu ethic offers a model to deal, with polyethnicity. Ethnocentrism is biologically rooted and operates through prejudice. Prejudice as a coping mechanism to deal with diversity has its value and limitations. It must be contained where it issues in xenophobia, ethnophobia and war. Polyethnic co-existence is a prerequisite for Africa to attain its developmental ideals as expressed in the NEPAD programme. The way in which ethno-philosophy and ethno-theology can aid this process is looked at.
Lemba Religion. Ancient Judaism or Evolving Lemba Tradition?1
Authors: Le Roux Magdel 
Published: June 2008

Abstractharious traditions exist as to when the Lemba came to Africa. A possible early departure from Israel (according to the Lemba) can imply that their religion could contain remnants of a very ancient type of religion, zuhich makes this group special and particularly valuable to the historian of religion or comparative religion. Uarious faiths had diverse influences on the religious convictions and life of the Lemba. In this investigation the Juxtaposition of the social and religious practices and rituals of early Israel with those of the Lemba delivered noteworthy findings. Qualitative research in numerous Lemba communities in southern Africa underlies this article. The tlaeoretical framezuork is that of Smart, a scholar in the field of comparative religion.
Fear of falling after brain injury
Authors: Collicutt McGrath Joanna 
Published: June 2008

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and nature of fear of falling in a sample of people with severe acquired brain injury. Design: A descriptive study. Setting: A regional inpatient neurological rehabilitation unit. Participants: One hundred and five adults with acquired brain injury of mixed aetiology. Procedure: All 105 participants were rated by observers who were asked to judge the degree to which fear behaviour interfered with rehabilitation therapy (activity limitation). Eighty-two participants also rated themselves. They were asked to report the degree of distress caused by fear. Both participants and observers were asked to describe the focus of any reported fear. Two stepwise logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify variables that predicted fear giving rise to significant activity limitation and fear giving rise to significant subjective distress. Main measures: Self and observer rating scales designed and constructed specifically for the study. Results: Raters reported significant fear-related activity limitation in 12—15% of participants. Significant fear-related subjective distress was reported by 40% of participants. Fear of falling, fear of physical harm and fear of not making sufficient rehabilitation progress dominated the reports of both observers and participants. The variables predicting significant activity limitation were premorbid alcohol misuse, low functional ability and the occurrence of a fall since onset. The variables predicting significant subjective distress were poor motor coordination and organization, and good verbal comprehension. Conclusion: Fear of falling is a clinically significant phenomenon in younger adults recovering from severe acquired brain injury. Fear sufficient to cause high degrees of subjective distress was often not evident to observers. Proactive questioning about fear of falling is therefore advisable when working clinically with this group.
Strength training and stretching versus stretching only in the treatment of patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized one-year follow-up study
Authors: Häkkinen Arja , Kautiainen Hannu , Hannonen Pekka , Ylinen Jari 
Published: June 2008

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a 12-month home-based combined strength training and stretching programme against stretching alone in the treatment of chronic neck pain. Design: A randomized follow-up study. Participants: One hundred and one patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were randomized in two groups. Intervention: The strength training and stretching group was supported by 10 group training sessions and the stretching group was instructed to perform stretching exercises only as instructed in one group session. Main outcome measurements: Neck pain, disability, neck muscle strength and mobility of cervical spine were measured before and after the intervention. Results: No significant differences in improvement in neck pain and disability were found between the two training groups. Mean (SD) pain decreased from 64 (17) mm by 37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 44 to 30) mm in the strength training and stretching group, and from 60 (17) mm by 32 (39 to 25) mm in the stretching group. The improvements in disability were significant in both groups ( P<0.001), while the changes in neck strength and mobility were minor. Training adherence decreased over time from the targeted three sessions a week, ending up at 1.1 (0.7) times a week for strength training and stretching group and 1.4 (0.8) times a week for stretching group. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in neck pain and disability were observed between the two home-based training regimens. Combined strength training and stretching or stretching only were probably as effective in achieving a long-term improvement although the training adherence was rather low most of the time.
Global outcome, productivity and epilepsy 3—8 years after severe head injury. The impact of injury severity
Authors: Skandsen Toril , Ivar Lund Tom , Fredriksli Oddrun , Vik Anne 
Published: June 2008

Objective: To assess long-term outcome in survivors after severe head injury and relate outcome to injury severity. Design: Follow-up 3—8 years post injury in a retrospectively collected sample. Setting: A neurosurgical department in a regional trauma centre. Subjects: Of 146 individuals admitted, 135 were actively treated. Twenty-four per cent of these died within six months. Ninety-three of the 94 (aged 1—88 years) who survived more than three years were included in the follow-up. They were separated into groups based on their level of consciousness at four weeks post injury: oriented ( n = 39), confused ( n = 22) or in a minimally conscious/vegetative state (MCS/VS) ( n = 26) and not possible to assess ( n = 6). Outcome measures: Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), participation in work/education (productivity) and posttraumatic epilepsy. Results: GOSE scores were: vegetative state: 3%, severe disability: 28% (22% lower level, 6% upper level), moderate disability: 39% (22% lower level, 17% upper level) and good recovery: 27% (10% lower level, 17% upper level). Productivity was 34% (aged 7—64 years). The three severity groups had different GOSE scores ( P<0.001) and different proportion of productive individuals ( P<0.001). Twenty-three per cent experienced posttraumatic epilepsy and this was significantly associated with the highest injury severity ( P<0.001) and intracranial surgery ( P = 0.01). Conclusions: Being independent in daily life but unable to work was the typical long-term outcome. Stratifying the patients based on consciousness at four weeks we found different outcomes. Among oriented patients, almost all regained independency, whereas in the most severe group, poor outcomes and posttraumatic epilepsy was common.
Using mental practice in stroke rehabilitation: a framework
Authors: Braun Susy , Kleynen Melanie , Schols Jos , Schack Thomas , Beurskens Anna , Wade Derick 
Published: June 2008

Introduction: Motor imagery and mental practice are getting increased attention in neurological rehabilitation. Several different mental practice intervention protocols have been used in studies on its effect on recovery in stroke rehabilitation. The content of the intervention protocols itself is rarely discussed or questioned. Objective: To give a practical framework of how mental practice could be integrated into therapy, drawing on available evidence and theory. The aim of the treatment programme described is to enhance both the patient's physical performance and their empowerment and self-determination. The framework: Based on evidence from sports rehabilitation and our own experiences the framework will eventually be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. Five steps are described to teach and upgrade the patient's imagery technique: (1) assess mental capacity to learn imagery technique; (2) establish the nature of mental practice; (3) teach imagery technique; (4) embed and monitor imagery technique; (5) develop self-generated treatments. The description is not, however, a recipe that should be followed precisely. It leaves enough room to tailor the mental practice intervention to the specific individual possibilities, skills and needs of the patient in accordance with evidence-based practice. Discussion: Different aspects of the described protocol are discussed and compared with experiences from sports and evidence available in rehabilitation.
Effect of valproic acid on body weight, food intake, physical activity and hormones: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Martin CK , Han H , Anton SD , Greenway FL , Smith SR 
Published: June 2008

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms through which valproic acid (VPA) causes weight gain. Healthy participants ( N = 52) were randomized to VPA or placebo in a double-blind study. Energy intake (EI) was measured in the laboratory at lunch and dinner, and physical activity (PA) was measured with accelerometry. Glucose levels and hormones [Peptide YY3–36, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, insulin] that regulate EI were measured. Assessments occurred at baseline and week 3. Change from baseline was evaluated with mixed models (α = 0.05). Weight significantly increased in the VPA group (+0.49 kg), but not the placebo group. The VPA group increased fast food fats cravings and decreased glucose levels compared with placebo. Change in weight, EI and PA did not differ by group. Within group analyses indicated that the VPA group increased PA, hunger, binge eating, depression and GLP-1. VPA-associated weight gain is not likely due to changes in PA or the gut hormones studied. Although EI did not increase when measured after 3 weeks of treatment, VPA decreased glucose levels and increased motivation to eat; hence, EI might have increased in the short-term. Research testing VPA on short-term (1 week) EI, metabolism, and substrate partitioning is warranted.
Omega-3 fatty acids (fish-oil) and depression-related cognition in healthy volunteers
Authors: Antypa N , Van der Does AJW , Smelt AHM , Rogers RD 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation may be beneficial in the treatment of several psychiatric disorders, including depression. A small number of studies have suggested that there may also be cognitive and mood effects in healthy samples. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA on depression-relevant cognitive functioning in healthy individuals. Fifty-four healthy university students were randomized to receive either n-3 PUFA supplements or placebo for 4 weeks in a double-blind design. The test battery included measures of cognitive reactivity, attention, response inhibition, facial emotion recognition, memory and risky decision-making. Results showed few effects of n-3 PUFAs on cognition and mood states. The n-3 PUFA group made fewer risk-averse decisions than the placebo group. This difference appeared only in non-normative trials of the decision-making test, and was not accompanied by increased impulsiveness. N-3 PUFAs improved scores on the control/perfectionism scale of the cognitive reactivity measure. No effects were found on the other cognitive tasks and no consistent effects on mood were observed. The present findings indicate that n-3 PUFA supplementation may have a selective effect on risky decision making in healthy volunteers, which is unrelated to impulsiveness.
Remission in schizophrenia: the relationship to baseline symptoms and changes in symptom domains during a one-year study
Authors: Kelly DL , Weiner E , Ball MP , McMahon RP , Carpenter WT , Buchanan RW 
Published: June 2008

Abstract The concepts of partial recovery and remission have become increasingly important for the evaluation of the effectiveness of schizophrenia therapeutics. The relationship of baseline symptoms and changes in symptoms to remission of psychosis was evaluated. Fifty-six outpatients with residual schizophrenia completed a double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol and were then enrolled into a one-year open-label trial of olanzapine. Out of these 56 subjects, 13 (23%) met remission criteria at the beginning of the open-label treatment and were excluded. During the one-year study, 7/43 (16%) subjects met remission criteria. These subjects had significantly lower baseline ratings for tardive dyskinesia (TD) than subjects who did not achieve remission (1.8 ± 1.5 vs. 4.2 ± 4.6, P = 0.03). As expected, remitted subjects had significantly greater improvements in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total scores, positive subscale scores and scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms total scores. Remitted subjects also experienced a significantly greater improvement in depressive symptoms ( P = 0.001), activation ( P = 0.005), and Clinical Global Impressions scores ( P < 0.001), as well as greater improvements in extrapyramidal symptoms ( P = 0.007) and TD ( P < 0.001). These results suggest that the relationship of depressive symptoms and improved side effects to the construct of remission in schizophrenia may deserve special attention. Future studies should aim to relate remission criteria to functional outcomes, cognition, and other important symptom domains.
Upper Extremity Injuries in the National Football League
Authors: Carlisle John C. , Goldfarb Charles A. , Mall Nathan , Powell John W. , Matava Matthew J. 
Published: June 2008

Background Very little information is available regarding the incidence, causative mechanisms, and expected duration of time lost following upper extremity injuries in professional American football players. Hypotheses (1) Upper extremity injuries in professional American football players are a common cause of missed time from practice and game participation. (2) The effect of upper extremity injuries differs as a function of the site involved and the athlete's position. Study Design Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods A retrospective review of all documented injuries to the elbow, forearm, and wrist sustained by all players in the National Football League over a 10-year period (1996–2005) was performed using the League's injury surveillance database. An injury was considered significant if it resulted in premature cessation of (or absence from) at least 1 practice, game, or training event. The data were analyzed from multiple perspectives, with emphasis on the type of injury, athlete position, and activity at the time of injury. Results There were 859 total injuries over the 10-year period: 58% involved the elbow, 30% involved the wrist, and 12% involved the forearm. Ligamentous injuries were the most common diagnosis in the elbow and wrist, with wrist sprains the most common of all diagnoses. Fractures were the most common injury occurring in the forearm. For all 3 anatomic locations, game injuries were much more common than practice injuries by a factor of 2.8 to 1. Forearm injuries led to a mean of 42 days lost, wrist injuries led to a mean of 27 days lost, and elbow injuries led to an average of 22 days lost. Fractures and dislocations led to the greatest amount of time lost (47 days and 53 days, respectively). Tackling was the activity most often (24%) implicated as causing injuries to the elbow, forearm, and wrist. Offensive and defensive linemen were most commonly injured. Elbow injuries were the most common at these positions, constituting approximately 75% of all injuries. Defensive backs sustained the greatest number of forearm injuries, approximately double the total number at any other position. Conclusion Upper extremity trauma is a significant issue for professional football players. In particular, the high incidence rates of elbow injuries in linemen and forearm injuries in defensive backs warrant further scrutiny.