bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Reported Health Status of Low‐Income Mothers
Authors: Salsberry Pamela J. , Nickel Jennie T. , Polivka Barbara J. , Kuthy Raymond A. , Slack Carolyn , Shapiro Nancy 
Published: June 2007

Purpose:To determine the self‐reported health status of low‐income mothers before major health and welfare policy reform in the state of Ohio, to compare the health status of this group with the general population age‐based norms, and to examine differences in health status among insurance and racial subgroups. Policy makers and others have a need for key health‐status information about low‐income mothers, a topic for which little empirical data currently exist.Design:Descriptive using a cross‐sectional survey with convenience sampling; 502 women were interviewed at intake sites in four counties in central Ohio, 1995 to 1996.Methods:Health status was measured using the general health status index developed by J. E. Ware and colleagues (1995). Two summary measures, one indicating physical health and one indicating mental health, were used and compared with published norms. Multivariate logistic models were examined for depression and physical health status.Findings:A significant level of depression in the population of low‐income mothers was found as were differences in physical health scores by insurance group. People insured privately had the highest physical health scores, while those enrolled in fee‐for‐service Medicaid had scores indicating the poorest health. No significant difference was found between racial groups in self‐reported health status.Conclusions:Self‐reported mental health status is low among some low‐income female populations. Physical health is worse for the Medicaid‐enrolled group compared to both uninsured and privately insured groups. This poor state of health will likely diminish the success of welfare reform to improve the economic self‐sufficiency of these women unless comprehensive health services are available.
Maintaining an Adequate Supply of RNs in California
Authors: Coffman Janet , Spetz Joanne 
Published: June 2007

Purpose:Over the past 2 years, concerns have arisen about the adequacy of the supply of RNs in California and the rest of the United States. Nurse leaders have called upon the California State Legislature to respond to concerns by increasing funding for RN education at public colleges and universities.Design:Descriptive—to ascertain whether California faces a shortage of RNs and whether greater state government funding of RN educational programs is necessary to alleviate such a shortage. Secondary data from several sources were analyzed.Methods:Cross‐sectional analysis of data from the 1996 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses concerning California RNs' demographic characteristics and employment patterns was conducted. Longitudinal analysis of data was examined for trends in California's population, utilization of RNs, and graduations from RN education programs.Findings:Approximately 230,000 RNs lived in and were licensed to practice in California; 77% of California RNs were employed in nursing (70% working full‐time; 30% part‐time). Only a small number of California RNs were not currently working in nursing but were likely to enter the labor market. Most RNs who were not working were older retired women.Conclusions:A large increase in the RN workforce is needed to keep pace with the rapid growth of California's population. For California to maintain a stable ratio of RNs to population, we estimated an additional 43,000 RNs will be needed by 2010, and an additional 74,000 will be needed by 2020. Educators, employers, and state policymakers should implement concerted and coordinated efforts to avert a shortage. The magnitude of the impending shortage of RNs in California is too large for the RN labor market to resolve. State government should provide additional resources for basic RN education programs.
Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Introduction
Authors: O’Gorman Francis 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper introduces a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Victorian Literary Studies and future directions. This group of four essays was originally commissioned by Francis O’Gorman (University of Leeds), who here provides an introduction.The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Introduction’, Francis O’Gorman, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00467.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Revising the Canon, Extending Cultural Boundaries, and the Challenge of Interdisciplinarity’, Joanne Shattock, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00468.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? –“Interesting Times” and the Lesson of “A Corner in Lightning”’, David Amigoni, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00469.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Historicism, Collaboration and Digital Editing’, Valerie Sanders, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00470.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Historicism and Hospitality’, John Bowen, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00471.x.
Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Historicism, Collaboration and Digital Editing
Authors: Sanders Valerie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Victorian Literary Studies and future directions. This group of four essays was originally commissioned by Francis O’Gorman (University of Leeds), who also provides an introduction to the cluster.The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Introduction’, Francis O’Gorman, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00467.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Revising the Canon, Extending Cultural Boundaries, and the Challenge of Interdisciplinarity’, Joanne Shattock, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00468.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? –“Interesting Times” and the Lesson of “A Corner in Lightning”’, David Amigoni, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00469.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Historicism, Collaboration and Digital Editing’, Valerie Sanders, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00470.x.‘Where Next in Victorian Literary Studies? – Historicism and Hospitality’, John Bowen, Literature Compass 4 (2007), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2007.00471.x.***This essay argues that, while research in Victorian Literary Studies remains rich and vibrant, it faces several types of pressure in the immediate future. These range from undergraduate resistance to reading long novels, to the funding councils’ apparent preference for collaborative, interdisciplinary or large editorial projects, and proposed changes such as the Block Grants Partnership Scheme. The decline of ‘feminist’ in favour of ‘gendered’ critical approaches, and preference for generic and cultural issues over single author studies, mark a notable change of approach in the last few years. Although continuing loyalty towards historicism, and rejection of the more abstract literary theories of the 1990s, suggest that Victorian literary studies remains confident of its own direction in the next five years, the essay closes with a hope that the purely ‘literary’ analysis will not disappear for ever.
Amy Levy and Identity Criticism: A Review of Recent Work
Authors: Minsloff Sarah 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAmy Levy was a fin‐de‐siècle poet, novelist, and essayist. While critically acclaimed within her lifetime, she was all but forgotten by literary scholars until the 1980s, when her work was reintroduced to scholars as part of a larger project to integrate the writings of women and other minority groups into the canon. Levy falls into a number of these minority categories: she was not only female but also Jewish, and expressed non‐normative understandings of sexual desire. Virtually all critical work on Levy since her reappearance in the field has been deeply rooted in her experiences as an her concepts of minority identity. In this review article, I examine the ways in which recent critical works on Levy that refine and expand preceding identity criticism. I argue that articles and book chapters by Iveta Jusová, Cynthia Scheinberg, and Linda Hunt Beckman are setting the new standard for identity criticism by examining the complex intersections of identity categories, and by linking identity to new fields of inquiry.
Understanding Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms: Recent Studies on Stress Response in Rice
Authors: Gao Ji‐Ping , Chao Dai‐Yin , Lin Hong‐Xuan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAbiotic stress is the main factor negatively affecting crop growth and productivity worldwide. The advances in physiology, genetics, and molecular biology have greatly improved our understanding of plant responses to stresses. Rice plants are sensitive to various abiotic stresses. In this short review, we present recent progresses in adaptation of rice to salinity, water deficit and submergence. Many studies show that salt tolerance is tightly associated with the ability to maintain ion homeostasis under salinity. Na+ transporter SKC1 unloads Na+ from xylem, plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter SOS1 excludes sodium out of cytosol and tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1 sequesters Na+ into the vacuole. Silicon deposition in exodermis and endodermis of rice root reduces sodium transport through the apoplastic pathway. A number of transcription factors regulate stress‐inducible gene expression that leads to initiating stress responses and establishing plant stress tolerance. Overexpression of some transcription factors, including DREB/CBF and NAC, enhances salt, drought, and cold tolerance in rice. A variant of one of ERF family genes, Sub1A‐1, confers immersion tolerance to lowland rice. These findings and their exploitation will hold promise for engineering breeding to protect crop plants from certain abiotic stresses.
Hume on Miracles: Interpretation and Criticism
Authors: Taylor James E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhilosophers continue to debate about David Hume's case against the rationality of belief in miracles. This article clarifies semantic, epistemological, and metaphysical questions addressed in the controversy. It also explains the main premises of Hume's argument and discusses criticisms of them. The article concludes that one's evaluation of Hume's argument will depend on one's views about (a) the definitions of ‘miracle’ and ‘natural law’; (b) the type of reasoning one ought to employ to determine the probability that a particular miracle claim is true; and (c) whether reasonable people proportion their beliefs about the occurrence of miracles to their evidence.
Essential Role of Cytochromebd-Related Oxidase in Cyanide Resistance ofPseudomonas pseudoalcaligenesCECT5344
Authors: Quesada Alberto , Guijo M. Isabel , Merchán Faustino , Blázquez Blas , Igeño M. Isabel , Blasco Rafael 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTPseudomonas pseudoalcaligenesCECT5344 grows in minimal medium containing cyanide as the sole nitrogen source. Under these conditions, an O2-dependent respiration highly resistant to cyanide was detected in cell extracts. The structural genes for the cyanide-resistant terminal oxidase,cioAandcioB, are clustered and encode the integral membrane proteins that correspond to subunits I and II of classical cytochromebd, although the presence of hemedin the membrane could not be detected by difference spectra. Theciooperon fromP. pseudoalcaligenespresents a singular organization, starting upstream ofcioABby the coding sequence of a putative ferredoxin-dependent sulfite or nitrite reductase and spanning downstream two additional open reading frames that encode uncharacterized gene products. PCR amplifications of RNA (reverse transcription-PCR) indicated the cyanide-dependent up-regulation and cotranscription along the operon. The targeted disruption ofcioAeliminates both the expression of the cyanide-stimulated respiratory activity and the growth with cyanide as the nitrogen source, which suggests a critical role of this cytochromebd-related oxidase in the metabolism of cyanide byP. pseudoalcaligenesCECT5344.
Immunization with Recombinant Sao Protein Confers Protection against
Streptococcus suis
Infection
Authors: Li Yuanyi , Gottschalk Marcelo , Esgleas Miriam , Lacouture Sonia , Dubreuil J. Daniel , Willson Philip , Harel Josee 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Sao is a
Streptococcus suis
surface protein recently identified as a potential vaccine candidate. In this study, recombinant Sao in combination with Quil A provided cross-protection against
S. suis
serotype 2 disease in mouse and pig vaccination protocols. Subcutaneous immunization of mice elicited strong immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses. All four IgG subclasses were induced, with the IgG2a titer being the highest, followed by those of IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3. Challenge of the mice with
S. suis
strain 31533 resulted in a mortality rate of 80% for the control group, which received Quil A only. In contrast, all of the mice immunized with Sao survived. In a pig vaccination protocol, intramuscular immunization with Sao also elicited significant humoral antibody responses, and both the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses were induced, with a predominance of IgG2 production. In vitro assay showed that Sao-induced antibodies significantly promoted the ability of porcine neutrophils in opsonophagocytic killing of
S. suis
. An aerosol challenge of the pigs with
S. suis
strain 166 resulted in clinical signs characteristic of
S. suis
infection in diseased pigs. The vaccine group showed significantly better survival, lower clinical scores, and less
S. suis
recovery from postmortem tissue samples than did the control group. Furthermore, this study also revealed that although challenge
S. suis
strains express Sao size variants, recombinant Sao conferred cross-protection. These data demonstrate that recombinant Sao formulated with Quil A triggers strong opsonizing antibody responses which confer efficient immunity against challenge infection with heterologous
S. suis
type 2.
Dominant Epitopes of the C6 Diagnostic Peptide ofBorrelia burgdorferiAre Largely Inaccessible to Antibody on the Parent VlsE Molecule
Authors: Embers Monica E. , Jacobs Mary B. , Johnson Barbara J. B. , Philipp Mario T. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTLyme borreliosis (LB) is a disease for which antibody-based detection assays are often required for diagnosis. The variable surface molecule VlsE and IR6, one of its invariable regions, are commonly targeted by the antibody response in infected individuals. A series of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was performed to comparatively examine the antibody responses of North American LB patients (n= 37) to VlsE and invariable segments of this molecule. Both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG responses to full-length VlsE and to peptides reproducing invariable regions 2, 4, and 6, as well as the invariable domains at the amino and carboxyl termini of VlsE, were assessed. The proportions and specificities of reactivity to the invariable segments were tested by using cognate peptides as competitors for VlsE binding by patient serum antibodies. IR6 epitopes (by the C6 peptide) were found to dominate the response to invariable segments. IR6 (C6)-specific antibodies were detected in 78% of the serum specimens, whereas <40% of patients generated antibodies that bound the N- or C-terminal domain and <12% of patients responded to either IR2 or IR4. Interestingly, 15 of 37 patients generated IgG antibodies that reacted with C6 but not with VlsE. Conversely, IgM responses were frequent for VlsE but not for invariable segments. A representative number of the serum specimens (n= 8) that contained IgG antibodies reacting with both C6 and VlsE was assessed in competition experiments, using C6 as a competitor. Only half of these specimens contained IgG antibodies whose binding to VlsE could be inhibited >50% by competition with the added C6 peptide. The median percent inhibition was 45.5%. These findings indicate that IR6 epitopes are largely concealed from the VlsE molecular surface and that full-length VlsE-based diagnosis likely detects antibodies to conformational and/or variable region epitopes.
The Bacterial Second Messenger cdiGMP Exhibits Promising Activity as a Mucosal Adjuvant
Authors: Ebensen Thomas , Schulze Kai , Riese Peggy , Morr Michael , Guzmán Carlos A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

The development of mucosal adjuvants is still a critical need in vaccinology. In the present work, we show that bis(3′,5′)-cyclic dimeric GMP (cdiGMP), a second messenger that modulates cell surface properties of several microorganisms, exerts potent activity as a mucosal adjuvant. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally with the model antigen β-galactosidase (β-Gal) coadministered with cdiGMP. Animals receiving cdiGMP as an adjuvant showed significantly higher anti-β-Gal immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers in sera than controls (i.e., 512-fold [
P
< 0.05]). Coadministration of cdiGMP also stimulated efficient β-Gal-specific secretory IgA production in the lung (
P
< 0.016) and vagina (
P
< 0.036). Cellular immune responses were observed in response to both the β-Gal protein and a peptide encompassing its major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted epitope. The IgG1-to-IgG2a ratio of anti-β-Gal antibodies and the observed profiles of secreted cytokines suggest that a dominant Th1 response pattern is promoted by mucosal coadministration of cdiGMP. Finally, the use of cdiGMP as a mucosal adjuvant also led to the stimulation of in vivo cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in C57BL/6 mice intranasally immunized with ovalbumin and cdiGMP (up to 30% of specific lysis). The results obtained indicate that cdiGMP is a promising tool for the development of mucosal vaccines.
Clinical Evaluation of the SD Bioline Influenza Virus Antigen Test for Rapid Detection of Influenza Viruses A and B in Children and Adults during the Influenza Season
Authors: Yoo Young , Sohn Jang Wook , Park Dae Won , Kim Jeong Yeon , Shin Hye Kyung , Lee Yoon , Choung Ji Tae , Lee Chang Kyu , Kim Min Ja 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT
The performance of the SD Bioline rapid antigen test kit for influenza virus detection was evaluated with 295 respiratory specimens during the influenza season. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the SD Bioline test were 61.9% and 96.8% for the influenza A virus antigen and 54.5% and 100% for the influenza B virus antigen, respectively. The results were consistent with peak influenza activities.
First Isolation of Cytopathogenic Bovine Torovirus in Cell Culture from a Calf with Diarrhea
Authors: Kuwabara Masaki , Wada Kazumasa , Maeda Yukiko , Miyazaki Ayako , Tsunemitsu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTA cytopathogenic virus (designated the Aichi/2004 strain) was isolated in a human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HRT-18) from the ileum contents of a calf with diarrhea. Oval and elongated particles, approximately 100 to 170 nm in diameter, with club-shaped projections were seen in the infected culture supernatant, and torovirus-like (tubular and torus nucleocapsid) structures were seen in the infected cells by electron microscopy. An antiserum against bovine torovirus (BToV) reacted with the infected cells by immunofluorescence and neutralized the isolate. However, antisera against bovine coronavirus (BCV) failed to react with the infected cells by immunofluorescence or did not neutralize the isolate. Further, the isolate was positive for BToV by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting fragments of the nucleocapsid (N), membrane (M), and spike (S) genes. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the PCR products with those of the published N, M, and S genes (476 to 497, 672, and 687 to 690 nucleotides, respectively) of toroviruses showed high sequence identities (up to 99.4%, 98.7%, and 94.9% for the N, M, and S genes, respectively) between the isolate and BToVs. In contrast, the isolate was negative for BCV by RT-PCR. In a serological survey of serum samples from 355 calves at 33 farms, 92% of calves were positive for neutralizing antibodies to the isolate. These results indicate that the isolate in this study was BToV and that BToV infection might be common in cattle in Japan. To our knowledge, this is the first isolation of BToV in tissue culture.
Comparison of Performance Characteristics of Three Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Test Systems for Detection and Quantification of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Sábato M. Fernanda , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Langley Michael R. , Wilkinson David S. , Ferreira-Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the performance characteristics of three real-time reverse transcription-PCR test systems for detection and quantification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and performed a direct comparison of the systems on the same clinical specimens. Commercial HCV panels (genotype 1b) were used to evaluate linear range, sensitivity, and precision. The Roche COBAS TaqMan HCV test for research use only (RUO) with samples processed on the MagNA Pure LC instrument (Roche RUO-MPLC) and Abbott analyte-specific reagents (ASR) with QIAGEN sample processing (Abbott ASR-Q) showed a sensitivity of 1.0 log10IU/ml with a linear dynamic range of 1.0 to 7.0 log10IU/ml. The Roche ASR in combination with the High Pure system (Roche ASR-HP) showed a sensitivity of 1.4 log10IU/ml with a linear dynamic range of 2.0 to 7.0 log10IU/ml. All of the systems showed acceptable reproducibility, the Abbott ASR-Q being the most reproducible of the three systems. Seventy-six clinical specimens (50 with detectable levels of HCV RNA and various titers and genotypes) were tested, and results were compared to those of the COBAS Amplicor HCV Monitor v2.0. Good correlation was obtained for the Roche RUO-MPLC and Abbott ASR-Q (R2= 0.84 andR2= 0.93, respectively), with better agreement for the Abbott ASR-Q. However, correlation (R2= 0.79) and agreement were poor for Roche ASR-HP, with bias relative to concentration and genotype. Roche ASR-HP underestimated HCV RNA for genotypes 3 and 4 as much as 2.19 log10IU/ml. Our study demonstrates that Roche RUO-MPLC and Abbott ASR-Q provided acceptable results and agreed sufficiently with the COBAS Amplicor HCV Monitor v2.0.