bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniform domain representations of ℓp‐spaces
Authors: Køber Petter K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe category of Scott‐domains gives a computability theory for possibly uncountable topological spaces, via representations. In particular, every separable Banach‐space is representable over a separable domain. A large class of topological spaces, including all Banach‐spaces, is representable by domains, and in domain theory, there is a well‐understood notion of parametrizations over a domain. We explore the link with parameter‐dependent collections of spaces in e. g. functional analysis through a case study of ℓp ‐spaces. We show that a well‐known domain representation of ℓp as a metric space can be made uniform in the sense of parametrizations of domains. The uniform representations admit lifting of continuous functions and are effective in p. Dependent type constructions apply, and through the study of the sum and product spaces, we clarify the notions of uniformity and uniform computability. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contamination of nuclear fractions with plasma membrane lipid rafts
Authors: Say Yee‐How , Hooper Nigel M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSubcellular fractionation is central to a range of cell biological, biochemical and proteomic studies. Purification of nuclear‐enriched fractions is critical for studies on nuclear structure and function. Here we show that detergent‐based nuclear isolation methods cause the redistribution of proteins associated with plasma membrane lipid rafts into nuclear fractions. The glycosyl‐phosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored prion protein (PrPC) and a GPI‐anchored construct of angiotensin converting enzyme (GPI‐ACE), as well as the lipid raft markers flotillin‐1 and ‐2, were present in the nuclear fractions derived using three different subcellular fractionation protocols. Incubation of intact cells with bacterial phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C (PI‐PLC), which cleaves GPI‐anchored proteins from the cell surface, significantly reduced the amount of PrPC and GPI‐ACE in the nuclear fraction. Buoyant sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of Triton X‐100 of the nuclear fraction resulted in a significant proportion of the GPI‐anchored proteins being recovered in the low density lipid raft fractions. These data indicate that the nuclear fraction isolated using such subcellular fractionation protocols is contaminated with components of plasma membrane lipid rafts and raises questions as to the integrity of the nuclear fraction isolated by such protocols for use in detailed cell biological studies and proteomics analysis.
A comparative computational study of the homolytic and heterolytic bond dissociation energies involved in the activation step of ATRP and SET‐LRP of vinyl monomers
Authors: Guliashvili Tamaz , Percec Virgil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA quantum‐chemical calculation of the homolytic and heterolytic bond dissociation energies of the model compounds of the monomer and dimer is reported. These model compounds include the dormant chloride, bromide, and iodide species for representative activated and nonactivated monomers containing electron‐withdrawing groups as well as for a nonactivated monomer containing an electron‐donor group. Two examples of sulfonyl and N‐halide initiators are also reported. The homolytic inner‐sphere electron‐transfer bond dissociation is known as atom transfer and is responsible for the activation step in ATRP. The heterolytic outer sphere single electron transfer bond dissociation is responsible for the activation step in single electron transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP). The results of this study demonstrated much lower bond dissociation energies for the outer sphere single electron transfer processes. These results explain the higher rate constant of activation, the higher apparent rate constant of propagation, and the lower polymerization temperature for both activated and nonactivated monomers containing electron‐withdrawing groups in SET‐LRP. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1607–1618, 2007
Physician‐diagnosed asthma and acute chest syndrome: Associations with NOS Polymorphisms
Authors: Duckworth Laurie , Hsu Lewis , Feng Hua , Wang Jianwei , Sylvester James E. , Kissoon Niranjan , Sandler Eric , Lima John J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe main objectives of this paper were to test the hypothesis that polymorphisms in NOS1 and NOS3 genes associate with ACS in SCD patients and to characterize the association between physician‐diagnosed asthma and acute chest syndrome (ACS). Case–control study of sickle cell disease patients ≥5 years old with ACS (cases; n = 86) and those without ACS (controls; n = 48) was carried out. Associations between ACS and the AAT repeat in intron 13 (formerly intron 20) of the NOS1, and with NOS3 T‐786C polymorphism were explored. Physician‐diagnosed asthma was determined by chart review, patient‐ or parent (guardian)‐reported asthma, and drug use. Eighty five percent of participants with asthma had at least one episode of ACS compared to14.6% of controls: adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) 5.46 (2.20,13.5), P = <0.0001. Asthma correlated with the number of episodes of ACS (P < 0.001). NOS1 AAT repeat polymorphism associated with the risk of ACS (P = 0.001) in patients without physician‐diagnosed asthma. No associations were found between the genotype of the NOS3 T‐786C SNP and ACS. Physician‐diagnosed asthma is a major risk factor for ACS. NOS1 AAT repeat polymorphism may contribute to ACS in patients without physician‐diagnosed asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:332–338. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exciton and antisite defect‐related luminescence in Lu3Al5O12 and Y3Al5O12 garnets
Authors: Zorenko Yu. , Voloshinovskii A. , Savchyn V. , Voznyak T. , Nikl M. , Nejezchleb K. , Mikhailin V. , Kolobanov V. , Spassky D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIntrinsic emission of complex oxides with garnet structure was studied by means of the analyses of the time‐resolved luminescence spectra and decay kinetic for single crystals (SC) and single‐crystalline films (SCF) of Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) garnets under excitation by the pulse X‐ray and synchrotron radiation at 8–300 K. YAG and LuAG SC and SCF are characterized by significantly different concentration of the YAl and LuAl antisite defects (AD) due to the substantial difference in the conditions of their crystallization. For this reason, LuAG and YAG SC and SCF are very useful model objects for the study of nature of the intrinsic emission of these oxides, consisting of the excitons and AD luminescence. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Handling drop‐out in longitudinal clinical trials: a comparison of the LOCF and MMRM approaches
Authors: Lane Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study compares two methods for handling missing data in longitudinal trials: one using the last‐observation‐carried‐forward (LOCF) method and one based on a multivariate or mixed model for repeated measurements (MMRM). Using data sets simulated to match six actual trials, I imposed several drop‐out mechanisms, and compared the methods in terms of bias in the treatment difference and power of the treatment comparison. With equal drop‐out in Active and Placebo arms, LOCF generally underestimated the treatment effect; but with unequal drop‐out, bias could be much larger and in either direction. In contrast, bias with the MMRM method was much smaller; and whereas MMRM rarely caused a difference in power of greater than 20%, LOCF caused a difference in power of greater than 20% in nearly half the simulations. Use of the LOCF method is therefore likely to misrepresent the results of a trial seriously, and so is not a good choice for primary analysis. In contrast, the MMRM method is unlikely to result in serious misinterpretation, unless the drop‐out mechanism is missing not at random (MNAR) and there is substantially unequal drop‐out. Moreover, MMRM is clearly more reliable and better grounded statistically. Neither method is capable of dealing on its own with trials involving MNAR drop‐out mechanisms, for which sensitivity analysis is needed using more complex methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile masu salmon in a regulated river
Authors: Nagayama Shigeya , Nakamura Futoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined the relationship between the physical environment and habitat use of juvenile masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, in the Nobori River in Hokkaido, Japan to provide a perspective for the conservation of fish habitat in regulated streams. The study was undertaken during the autumn and winter, with an emphasis on the hierarchy of three spatial scales: microhabitat, channel‐unit and reach scales. The microhabitat‐scale analysis indicated juvenile masu salmon preferred a midstream habitat type, with a greater depth (Avg. ± SD: 35.4 ± 14.2 cm) and high (43.4 ± 23.1 cm s−1) and uniform current velocities during the autumn, and a channel margin habitat type with a moderate current (about 20 cm s−1) and submerged cover during winter. In addition, different cover types have different roles in determining juvenile salmon distributions during winter. Grass cover had extremely high carrying capacities, whereas coarse substrate cover provided winter habitat for larger juvenile salmon. Channel‐unit scale analyses showed that abundance of juvenile salmon tended to be higher in pools than runs in the autumn through winter. Reach‐scale analysis showed that abundance and mean body length of juvenile salmon significantly differed between differently regulated reaches during winter, associated with the dominant cover type in each reach. This study demonstrated that the habitat conditions determining juvenile masu salmon distribution differ according to the season and scale of analysis. Therefore, for conservation of fish communities, it is important to evaluate and conserve or create fish habitats in regulated reaches, with a focus on the hierarchy of spatial scales and seasonal differences. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unintended consequences: How science professors discourage women of color
Authors: Johnson Angela C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined how 16 Black, Latina, and American Indian women science students reacted to their undergraduate science classes. I focused on the meanings they made of the common features of university science documented by Seymour and Hewitt (1997), including large, competitive, fast‐paced classes, poor teaching, and an unsupportive culture. I also explored their responses to the values manifested in their science classes and laboratories. The research took place at a large, predominantly White research university; participants were recruited from a science enrichment program for high‐achieving students. I interviewed the participants and attended science classes and laboratories with them. I analyzed the data using J. Spradley's semantic structural analysis method (1979, 1980) and validated it through triangulation and member‐checking. The women in the study found three features of science classes particularly discouraging: the size of the lecture classes, asking and answering questions in class, and (in some cases) engaging in undergraduate research. They were negatively impacted by two cultural values: a narrow focus on decontextualized science and the construction of science as a gender‐, ethnicity‐ and race‐neutral meritocracy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Sci Ed91:805–821, 2007
A covariate adjusted two‐stage allocation design for binary responses in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Uttam , Biswas Atanu , Bhattacharya Rahul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the present work, we develop a two‐stage allocation rule for binary response using the log‐odds ratio within the Bayesian framework allowing the current allocation to depend on the covariate value of the current subject. We study, both numerically and theoretically, several exact and limiting properties of this design. The applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated by using some data set. We compare this rule with some of the existing rules by computing various performance measures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical ultra‐reliability for abstract data types
Authors: Nikolik Borislav , Hamlet Dick 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Term Redundancy Method (TRM) is a novel approach for obtaining ultra‐reliable programs through specification‐based testing. Current specification‐based testing schemes need a prohibitively large number of test cases for estimating ultra‐reliability. They assume the availability of an accurate program‐usage distribution prior to testing, and they assume the availability of a test oracle. This paper shows how to obtain ultra‐reliable abstract data types specified with equational specifications, with a practical number of test cases, without an accurate usage distribution, and without the usual test oracle. The effectiveness of the TRM in failure detection and recovery is demonstrated on the aircraft collision avoidance system TCAS. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global protein expression profiling of budding yeast in response to DNA damage
Authors: Lee Min‐Woo , Kim Beom‐Jun , Choi Hyun‐Kyung , Ryu Min‐Jung , Kim Sang‐Bae , Kang Kyung‐Min , Cho Eun‐Jung , Youn Hong‐Duk , Huh Won‐Ki , Kim Seong‐Tae 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExposure to DNA‐damaging agents can activate cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair processes to ensure genetic integrity. Such exposures also can affect the transcription of many genes required for these processes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, changes of global gene expression as a result of a DNA‐damaging agent were previously identified by using DNA chip technology. DNA microarray analysis is a powerful tool for identifying genes whose expressions are changed in response to environmental changes. Transcriptional levels, however, do not necessarily reflect cellular protein levels. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely used as a reporter of gene expression and subcellular protein localization. We have used 4156 yeast strains expressing full‐length, chromosome‐tagged GFP fusion proteins to monitor changes of protein levels in response to the DNA‐damaging agent, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS). Through flow cytometry, we identified 157 proteins whose levels were increased at least three‐fold following treatment with MMS. Of 157 responsible genes, transcriptions of 57 were previously not known to be induced by MMS. Immunoblot experiments with tandem affinity‐tagged yeast strains under the same experimental conditions confirmed these newly found proteins as inducible. These results suggest, therefore, that the 57 protein expressions are regulated by different mechanisms, such as post‐translational modifications, and not by transcriptional regulation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidiabetic effect of long-term supplementation with Siraitia grosvenori on the spontaneously diabetic Goto–Kakizaki rat
Authors: Suzuki Yasushi A. , Tomoda Mayuko , Murata Yuji , Inui Hiroshi , Sugiura Masaki , Nakano Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2007

Siraitia grosvenori Swingle (SG) is a traditional Chinese fruit used as a folk medicine. Its extract (SG-ex) contains potent sweet elements with a sweetness several hundred times higher than table sugar. We investigated the antidiabetic effect of SG-ex in the type 2 diabetic Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rat. Diabetic 7-week-old GK rats were fed a diet supplemented with 0·4 % of the SG-ex for 13 weeks, and its antidiabetic effects were evaluated. SG-ex had no effect on food intake or body weight. In oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), SG-ex supplementation improved the insulin response at 15 min (control, 63 (sem 6) pm; SG-ex, 107 (sem 20) pm; P < 0·05) and reduced the plasma glucose level at 120 min after the glucose administration (control, 18·5 (sem 0·8) mm; SG-ex, 14·8 (sem 0·7) mm; P < 0·05). The total amount of insulin in whole pancreas taken from fasting rats was higher in the SG-ex-supplemented group, which may explain the greater capacity to secrete insulin during the OGTT. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in both the liver and the plasma were lower in the SG-ex-supplemented group, suggesting that an absorbable component in SG-ex has an antioxidative effect on lipid peroxidation, thereby counteracting the oxidative stress caused by a diabetic state. Excreted urine volume and urinary albumin level for 24 h were both reduced in the SG-ex-supplemented group, suggesting the attenuation of kidney damage that is caused by diabetes. These data indicate that SG-ex supplementation may prevent complications and attenuate pathological conditions for type 2 diabetes, along with its sweet characteristics.
Serum percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a sensitive measure of vitamin K status, and its relationship to bone health indices in Danish girls
Authors: O'Connor Eibhlis , Mølgaard Christian , Michaelsen Kim F. , Jakobsen Jette , Lamberg-Allardt Christel J. E. , Cashman Kevin D. 
Published: March 2007

Recent cross-sectional data suggest that better vitamin K status in young girls (aged 3–16 years) is associated with decreased bone turnover, even though it is not associated with bone mineral content (BMC). The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin (%ucOC), as an index of vitamin K status, and BMC and biochemical indices of bone turnover in peri-pubertal Danish girls. This peri-pubertal stage is a dynamic period of bone development, and as such, may represent an important window of opportunity for vitamin K status to modulate childhood bone health. Serum %ucOC and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) were measured at baseline in a study of 223 healthy girls aged 11–12 years. Urinary pyridinium crosslinks of collagen and serum total osteocalcin as markers of bone resorption and formation, respectively, as well as BMC (total body and lumbar spine) were also measured. Serum %ucOC (median 21·9 %) was not associated with markers of bone resorption or with total osteocalcin. Serum %ucOC was inversely correlated with serum 25 (OH) D (r− 0·143;P < 0·05). Serum %ucOC was negatively associated with BMC of the total body (β − 0·045;P < 0·001) and lumbar spine (β − 0·055;P < 0·05), after adjustment for potential confounders including vitamin D status. Better vitamin K status was associated with increased BMC, but not bone turnover, in healthy peri-pubertal Danish girls. There is a need for well-designed, randomized phylloquinone supplementation trials in children and adolescents to confirm epidemiological findings of an association between vitamin K status and bone health.
TheAPOB-516C/T polymorphism is associated with differences in insulin sensitivity in healthy males during the consumption of diets with different fat content
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Pablo , Pérez-Jiménez Francisco , Ordovás José María , Moreno Juan Antonio , Moreno Rafael , Fuentes Francisco , Ruano Juan , Gómez Purificación , Marín Carmen , López-Miranda José 
Published: March 2007

Several apo B polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as markers for CHD in the population and for potential gene–diet interactions. Our aim was to determine whether the presence of the -516C/T polymorphism in theAPOBgene promoter modifies insulin sensitivity to dietary fat. We studied fifty-nine healthy volunteers (thirty men and twenty-nine women, thirty-six homozygotes for the -516C allele (C/C) (nineteen males and seventeen females) and twenty-three heterozygotes for the -516T allele (C/T) (eleven males and twelve females)). Subjects consumed three diets during the feeding study, 4 weeks each: an SFA-rich diet (38 % fat, 20 % SFA), followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30 % fat, 55 % CHO) or a MUFA-rich diet (38 % fat, 22 % MUFA) following a randomised cross-over design. For each diet, we investigated peripheral insulin sensitivity with the insulin suppression test. Male carriers of the -516T allele showed a significantly greater decrease in steady-state plasma glucose concentrations when changing from the SFA-rich diet (9·18 (sd1·35) mmol/l) to the MUFA (6·55 (sd0·74) mmol/l) or the CHO (6·31 (sd0·93) mmol/l) diets than did those who were homozygous for the C allele (P = 0·040). Furthermore, C/T subjects presented higher plasma NEFA values after consumption of the SFA diet compared with the MUFA and CHO diets (P = 0·001). This effect was not observed in females (P = 0·908). Our findings show that male carriers of the -516T allele, C/T, have a significant increase in insulin resistance after consumption of all diets, but the difference is more exaggerated after the SFA diet compared with the MUFA- and CHO-rich diets.
Corrosion resistance of stainless steel joints bonded with a Ni‐based amorphous interlayer
Authors: González‐Sánchez J. , Verduzco J.A. , Lemus‐Ruiz José , T éllez A. M.G. , Torres R. 
Published: March 2007

PurposeTo study the metallurgical characteristics obtained from the process of diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel (SS) using a commercial Ni‐based amorphous alloy interlayer and its effect on the corrosion resistance of the self‐joined SS‐amorphous alloy‐SS junction zone.Design/methodology/approachSquared samples of austenitic SS were joined using a brazing metallic foil BMF‐15® in a sandwich‐like arrangement. The samples were then placed into a resistance furnace with a controlled N2 atmosphere. The joining process was carried out at 1105 and 1170°C holding the samples in the furnace for periods of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 min. The junction zone was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the metallurgical structure induced during the process. The corrosion resistance of the SS/BMF‐15®/SS joints were evaluated using DC electrochemical methods on joined samples immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.FindingsThe samples of 316L SS showed self‐diffusion bonding at both temperatures which are quality depended upon the holding times. A concentration of second phases was observed by SEM at the BMF‐15®. The joints developed crevice corrosion at open circuit potential due to a galvanic couple formed between the SS and the amorphous alloy, and presented preferential dissolution of the Ni‐amorphous alloy under anodic polarization in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution at room temperature.Originality/valueThis work presents a systematic study of the self‐diffusion bonding process of SS pieces jointed with an amorphous alloy interlayer and the metallurgical effects on its corrosion resistance of in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.