bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION OF ROSS RIVER VIRUS FROM EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Aaskov JG , Ross PV , Harper JJ , Donaldson MD 
Published: August 2007

SummaryRoss River virus was isolated from two out of four seronegative scrum samples obtained from epidemic polyarthritis patients in Australia. Virus isolated from each patient was found to be phenotypically diverse. These isolations suggest that previous failure to isolate virus from epidemic polyarthritis patients in this country may have been due to failure to obtain material (serum) from patients early enough in the course of the disease and to the use of relatively insensitive isolation techniques.
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH MURRAY VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS: GALAHS, SULPHUR‐CRESTED COCKATOOS, CORELLAS, BLACK DUCKS AND WILD MICE
Authors: Kay BH , Hall RA , Fanning ID , Young PL 
Published: August 2007

SummaryOrally infected Culex annulirostris or intravenous injections were used to infect 10 Galahs, 15 Sulphur‐crested cockatoos, 12 Corellas, 4 Black ducks and 10 wild mice with Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus. The birds produced moderate viraemias of titres of log 102.0‐106.0 suckling mouse intracerebral (SMIC) LD50/ml for durations of 1‐9 d. However, the wild mice developed low grade viraemia for 1‐4 d. Recipient Cx annulirostris feeding on viraemic birds sustained infection rates of 0‐10% but, by extrapolation from vector competence data, some titres were capable of infecting ≥ 50% of recipient Cx annulirostris. HI antibody responses were moderately high for most birds (reciprocal titres of 1 in 640‐2560) by 14 d and usually persisted at detectable levels for 140 d and, in some individuals, for 6 months. However, 6 of 12 Corellas and 1 of 4 Black ducks became seronegative after 42 and 56 d, respectively. As with previously tested animals, any IgM response was absent 4 wks post‐infection. The viraemias attained indicate that these bird species may be considered as potential hosts of MVE, but the limited viraemic response of wild mice suggests that they might play only a minor role.
IMPROVED DETECTION OF CARCINOGENS BY DEGRANULATION OF MICROSOMES PREPARED AT LOW G FORCE BY GLUTATHIONE
Authors: Jagota SK , Dani HM 
Published: August 2007

SummaryRat liver microsomes can be prepared by the addition of glutathione to post‐mitochondrial supernatant (PMS) and its subsequent sedimentation at 10,000 g. These microsomes seem to be unaffected with respect to their major components, and substantial loss of their ribosomes on treatments with various degranulating reagents shows that they contain intact ribosomes. The indices of ribosomal attachment show that these preparations contain more ribosomes per unit area of membrane surface as compared to those prepared at high g forces. High values of per cent degranulation by incubating these microsomes with coded carcinogens and failure of non‐carcinogens to cause this effect show that the technique can be used efficiently for quick, inexpensive and more accurate prediction of carcinogens in human environments.
DETECTION OF TWO LECTINS IN HAEMOLYMPH FROM THE OYSTER PINCTADA MAXIMA
Authors: Flower RLP , Wilcox GE , Pass DA 
Published: August 2007

SummaryTwo lectins were detected in haemolymph from the oyster Pinctada maxima, a macromolecular (approximately 8 × 106 dalton) N‐acetyl‐galactosamine‐binding lectin and a lower molecular weight (approximately 4 × 105 dalton)α‐galactose‐binding lectin. The macro‐molecular lectin agglutinated human type A erythrocytes to a greater extent than human type B or O erythrocytes and was the major lectin detected in the haemolymph. The 4 × 105 dalton lectin agglutinated human type A, B and O erythrocytes to the same extent.
DIURNAL VARIATION IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF LABORATORY RATS
Authors: Maxwell GM , Smyth C , Harvey G , Crompton Silvia 
Published: August 2007

SummaryOxygen consumption (VO2) was measured in Porton albino rats using a closed circuit apparatus. The groups studied were controls, cold‐adapted animals, and those which had accumulated brown adipose tissue as a result of a cafeteria diet with a high energy content. It was possible to show in each group studied a difference in VO2 according to the time of day at which it was measured. This was consistent within each group studied. The diurnal variation shown (higher in the morning than in the afternoon) is characteristic of nocturnal animals. Measurement of VO2 then must be made within the same time‐period or integrated over 24 h. Spurious correlations may otherwise occur.
Extragenic Suppression analysis of TS mutations using Sec61p
Authors: Smith Sterling 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDuring synthesis, secretory and membrane proteins are cotranslationally translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum through an aqueous gated channel. Proper folding, degradation, and transport of many polypeptides depend on a diverse set of helper proteins termed chaperone. I hypothesize thatSec 61p is a membrane chaperone, which actively directs membrane protein folding.
MLJ Reviews
Authors: Liskin‐Gasparro Judith E. 
Published: August 2007

Books reviewed:Boulima, Jamila, Negotiated Interaction in Target Language Classroom DiscourseBrüuer, Gerd. (Ed.), Writing across LanguagesBurns, Anne, Collaborative Action Research for English Language TeachersGass, Susan M., & Mackey, Alison, Stimulated Recall Methodology in Second Language ResearchGonzalez, Virginia. (Ed.), Language and Cognitive Development in Second Language Learning: Educational Implications for Children and AdultsHadley, Alice Omaggio, Teaching Language in ContextNerenz, Anne (Ed.), Standards for a New CenturySanderson, Paul, Using Newspapers in the ClassroomShrum, Judith L., & Glisan, Eileen, Teacher’s Handbook: Contextualized Language InstructionToohey, Kelleen, Learning English at School: Identity, Social Relations and Classroom PracticeEnjolras, Laurence, Ce qui se conçoit bien...Dollenmayer, David B., & Hansen, Thomas S., Neue HorizonteDollenmayer, David B., Crocker, Ellen W., & Hansen, Thomas S., Workbook/Laboratory ManualMaiden, Martin, & Robustelli, Cecilia, A Reference Grammar of Modern ItalianStillman, David M., & Gordon, Ronni L., Quaderno: A Workbook for Italian Grammar and CommunicationMakino, Seiichi, Hatasa, Yukiko, & Hatasa, Kazumi, Nakama 1 Japanese Communication, Culture, ContextHatasa, Yukiko, Hatasa, Kazumi & Makino, Seiichi Nakama 2 Japanese Communication, Culture, ContextCubillos, Jorge H, Temas: Spanish for the Global CommunityShook, David, & Noverr, Andy, Temas: Spanish for the Global Community: Cuaderno de ejercicios y manual de laboratorioGuntermann, Gail (Ed.), Teaching Spanish with the Five C’s: A Blueprint for SuccessPountain, Christopher J., & De Carlos, Teresa, Practicing Spanish GrammarCameron, Keith. (Ed.), CALL Media, Design and ApplicationsWarschauer, Mark, & Kern, Richard(Eds.), Network‐Based Language Teaching: Concepts and Practice
MLJ Reviews
Authors: Liskin‐Gasparro Judith E. 
Published: August 2007

Books reviewe:Archibald, John. (Ed.) Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic TheoryGriffiths, Griff, & Kathy Keohane Personalizing Language LearningJohnstone, Barbara Qualitative Methods in SociolinguisticsMarkee, Numa Conversation AnalysisSchmitt, Norbert Vocabulary in Language TeachingTitscher, Stefan, Michael Meyer, Ruth Wodak, & Eva Vetter Methods of Text and Discourse AnalysisUnsworth, Len. (Ed.) Researching Language in Schools and Communities: Functional Linguistic PerspectivesWebb, John B., & Barbara L. Miller Teaching Heritage Language Learners: Voices from the ClassroomPackard, Jerome L The Morphology of Chinese: A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach.Yip, Virginia, & Stephen Matthews Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and WorkbookYip, Virginia, & Stephen Matthews Intermediate Cantonese: A Grammar and WorkbookAmossy, Ruth L&apos;argumentation dans le discoursBattye, Adrian, Marie‐Anne Hintze, & Paul Rowlett The French Language Today: A Linguistic IntroductionBooth, Trudie Maria French Phonetics: A Guide to Correct Pronunciation of FrenchPetit, Bernard A French City SpeaksKlein Gunnewiek, Lisanne Sequenzen und Konsequenzen: Zur Entwicklung niederl&auml;ndischer Lerner im Deutschen als FremdspracheHervey, S&aacute;ndor, Ian Higgins, Stella Cragie, & Patrizia Gambarotta Thinking Italian Translation. A Course in Translation Method: Italian to EnglishNazarenko, Alla, & Keith Rawson‐Jones Passport to RussiaButt, John, & Carmen Benjamin A New Reference Grammar of Modern SpanishGac‐Artigas, Priscilla, & Gustavo Gac‐Artigas Directo al grano: A Complete Reference Manual for Spanish GrammarSalaberri, Ramiro, & Mar&iacute;a Sagrario Ling&uuml;&iacute;stica aplicada a la ense&ntilde;anza de lenguas extranjeras.Windeatt, Scott, David Hardisty, & David Eastment The InternetBrindley, Geoff. (Ed.) Studies in Immigrant English Language AssessmentVolume 1
MLJ Reviews
Authors: Liskin‐Gasparro Judith E. 
Published: August 2007

Books reviews:Bacon, Susan M., Nancy A. Humbach, Aitor Bikandi–Mejias, & Gregg O. Courtad. Leyendas del mundo hispanoBaldauf, Richard B., Jr., & Robert B. Kaplan. (Eds.). Language Planning in Nepal, Taiwan and SwedenCho, Young–Mee, Sang–Lee Hyo, Carol Schulz, Ho–Min Sohn, & Sung–Ock Sohn. Integrated Korean: Beginning 1Crowner, David, & Klaus Lill. Arbeitsbuch: Zum Lesen und SchreibenCrowner, David, & Klaus Lill. Impulse: Kommunikatives Deutsch für die Mittelstufe 2nd ed.Crowner, David, & Klaus Lill. Instructor’s Resource Manual (with test cassette)Crowner, David, & Klaus Lill. Radiomagazin Impulse. Crowner, David, & Klaus Lill. Video Impulse.Durrell, Martin. Using German SynonymsHachenburger, Petra, & Paul Jackson. Topics, Questions, Keywords: A Handbook for Students of German.Hall, Joan Kelly, & Lorrie Stoops Verplaetse. (Eds.). Second and Foreign Language Learning through Classroom Interaction.Heine, Bernd, & Derek Nurse. (Eds.). Review of African Languages: An Introduction.Huebner, Thom, & Kathryn A. Davis. (Eds.). Sociopolitical Perspectives on Language Policy and Planning in the USA.Kagan, Olga, & Benjamin Rifkin, with Susan Bauckus. (Eds.). The Learning and Teaching of Slavic Languages and Cultures.Kaplan, Robert B., & Richard B. Baldauf, Jr. (Eds.). Language Planning in Malawi, Mozambique and the Philippines. Kim, Nam–Kil. Modern Korean: An Intermediate Reader.Larsen–Freeman, Diane. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. 2nd ed.Lee, Dong Jae, Sookeun Cho, Miseon Lee, Min Sun Song, & William O’Grady. (Eds.). Studies on Korean in Community Schools.Noble, Judith, & Jaime Lacasa. Introduction to Quechua: Language of the Andes.Norton, Bonny. Identity and Language Learning: Gender, Ethnicity, and Educational Change.Pachler, Norbert. (Ed.). Teaching Modern Foreign Languages at Advanced Level.Pugh, Stefan M., & Ian Press. Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar.Schulz, Carol. Integrated Korean Workbook: Beginning 1.Silva, Rosângela. Critical Languages Series/Beginning Brazilian Portuguese.Skutnabb–Kangas, Tove. Linguistic Genocide in Education—or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights?Swierzbin, Bonnie, Frank Morris, Michael A. Anderson, Carol A. Klee, & Elaine Tarone. (Eds.). Social and Cognitive Factors in Second Language Acquisition: Selected Proceedings of the 1999 Second Language Research Forum.Whitley, M. Stanley, & Luis González. Gramática para la composición.
The impact of length‐variable data and alignment criterion on the phylogeny of Decapodiformes (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)
Authors: Lindgren Annie R. , Daly Marymegan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn molecular phylogenetics, mode of analysis is typically the primary reason cited for obtaining different topologies. However, sequence alignment is as important in determining topology as analytical method or optimality criterion, particularly for length‐variable sequences. We investigate the effect of alignment strategy and parameters in an analysis of length‐variable 18S rDNA sequences from 41 oceanic squids (Decapodiformes), focusing particularly on the impact of including variable regions on the resulting topology. Decapodiformes are an enigmatic group of molluscs whose evolutionary relationships remain unclear because standard molecular analyses have continued to produce poorly supported or poorly resolved trees, possibly due to elevated levels of molecular evolution. We find that alignment strategy (Clustal X versus POY) has a greater affect on topology than does parameter choice. Some groups were robust to shifts in methodology, including cuttlefishes (Sepiidae), bobtail squids (Sepiolidae) and pygmy squids (Idiosepiidae). No alignment strategy supported the monophyly of Oegopsida, although Myopsida did consistently form a monophyletic group. The variable regions consistently provided more well‐supported and well‐resolved trees than the conserved regions alone, indicating the phylogenetic importance of including length‐variable data.© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.
Leaf phenology and carbon dynamics in six leguminous trees
Authors: Richer R. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractI documented photosynthetic rates and seasonal stem total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in six leguminous tree species Burkea africana, Baikiaea plurijuga, Erythrophleum africanum, Guibourtia coleosperma, Julbernardia globiflora and Pterocarpus angolensis exhibiting a range of leaf phenological patterns. My goal was to (i) measure photosynthetic characteristics and levels of stored stem carbohydrates in species with varying patterns of leaf phenology and (ii) determine seasonal patterns of stem carbohydrate storage.Despite significant differences in the timing of bud break and leaf cover between the six species, there were no significant differences in maximum photosynthetic rate, quantum efficiency or light saturation point between species. Similarly, there was no significant difference in seasonal mean stem TNC levels despite significant differences in the timing of bud break and leaf cover both between species and within a single species. However, while the average amount of TNC does not seem to be related to leaf phenology, the patterns of carbohydrate use and storage do seem to be related to leaf phenology.
Intraoperative cytology (squash smear) in neurosurgical practice – pitfalls in diagnosis experience based on 3057 samples from a single institution
Authors: Goel D. , Sundaram C. , Paul T. R. , Uppin S. G. , Prayaga A. K. , Panigrahi M. K. , Purohit A. K. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives:  The smear technique is challenging for a neuropathologist where rapid and accurate diagnosis is to be given on small biopsies. The present study, a large retrospective analysis of squash smears in neurosurgical practice, was conducted to assess the usefulness, accuracy and the diagnostic pitfalls of smear diagnosis.Methods:  The authors analysed 3057 central nervous system (CNS) lesions sent for intraoperative cytology (IC) during the years 1988–2005. The stain used was 1% alcoholic toluidine blue. The smear diagnosis was compared with the histological diagnosis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.Results:  Diagnostic accuracy irrespective of lesion and site ranged from 83.0% to 86.0% per year (mean=85%). The highest rate of correlation among common brain tumours was noted in schwannoma (96.6%) and pituitary adenoma (92.2%), followed by meningiomas (88.9%), astrocytomas (88.4%), chordomas (86.4%) and neurocytomas (86.9%). Infections as a whole contributed 380 cases. The most common infection was tuberculosis.Conclusion:  This is the largest series reported from India to the best of our knowledge. Squash smear technique is a very reliable and rapid method of intraoperative diagnosis. Knowledge of clinical and neuroimaging details helps the experienced neuropathologist to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
The Austral floristic realm revisited
Authors: Moreira‐Muñoz A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe classification of the Earth’s flora into floristic regions has been the major goal of plant geography since the 19th century. A detailed revision of 19th and 20th century classifications is presented herein, with particular emphasis on the delimitation of the Austral floristic realm. A comparison between Chile, New Zealand, and the Cape Floristic Region is made at the genus level. Using the vascular flora of these biogeographical regions, the analysis revises previous attempts to define the Austral realm, while also assessing differences made by changes in taxonomic delimitations from recent molecular phylogenetic studies. The results indicate that the Austral floristic realm can nowadays be better described as a circum‐Antarctic generalized track, composed of some 60 genera and 15 families restricted to South America and Australasia, possibly including South Africa.
Prevalence of intellectual disability: a comprehensive study based on national registers
Authors: Westerinen H. , Kaski M. , Virta L. , Almqvist F. , Iivanainen M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground  Based on standard social benefit registers, the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in Finland is estimated to be 0.6%, while epidemiological surveys yield 1.1%. Combining several registers, our aim was to find a more reliable estimate of the prevalence of ID, especially among children and adolescents. This is important when special or inclusive general services are planned to meet the various needs of people with ID.Method  A survey based on eight national health and social benefit registers.Results  Combining different registers yielded a mean ID prevalence of 0.70% (95% CI 0.69–0.70%), with marked differences according to sex and age group (range 0.38–0.96%). Capture–recapture analysis gave higher prevalence estimates (range 0.57–1.08%).Conclusions  When several health and social benefit registers are surveyed, the estimated prevalence of ID increases, approaching that obtained in epidemiological surveys.
Atypical antipsychotic medication improves aggression, but not self‐injurious behaviour, in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Ruedrich S. L. , Swales T. P. , Rossvanes C. , Diana L. , Arkadiev V. , Lim K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective  Atypical antipsychotic medications have largely supplanted their typical counterparts, both for psychosis and for the treatment of aggression and/or self‐injurious behaviour (SIB), in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, with the exception of risperidone, little systematic research supports their use in such persons.Method  A retrospective review of 31 adult residents of a state developmental centre, who were treated for aggression and/or SIB with atypical antipsychotics. Average monthly counts of aggression and SIB for 1 year of treatment with typical antipsychotics, were compared with monthly averages for the next 12 months of treatment with atypical antipsychotics.Results  Twenty‐seven of 31 subjects (87%) completed a full year of atypical antipsychotic treatment. Subjects ranged in age from 24 to 54 years (mean = 39); 18/31 (58%) had profound ID. Twelve of 26 (46%) had typical antipsychotics discontinued within the year of atypical treatment; another 7/26 (27%) had their typical antipsychotic dose decreased. Twenty‐three of 31 trials involved risperidone; 7/31 olanzapine; 1/31 quetiapine. Subjects gained an average of 6.6 pounds during the year of atypical treatment, but no significant changes in glucose or cholesterol were found. Subjects with aggression alone (N = 14) had significant decreases in the number of aggressive acts per month during the year of atypical treatment (P = 0.03); those with both aggression and self‐injury (N = 12), or those with self‐injury alone (N = 5) had no significant improvement.Conclusion  The findings suggest that atypical antipsychotics can be successfully substituted for typical agents in individuals with ID and decrease the frequency of aggression over one year of treatment. The weight gain seen in our sample reinforces the necessity of regular monitoring of weight and metabolic changes in persons with ID treated with atypical antipsychotics.
Mitochondrial and chloroplast phylogeography of Picea crassifolia Kom. (Pinaceae) in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and adjacent highlands
Authors: MENG LIHUA , YANG RUI , ABBOTT RICHARD J. , MIEHE GEORG , HU TIANHUA , LIU JIANQUAN 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe disjunct distribution of forests in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and adjacent Helan Shan and Daqing Shan highlands provides an excellent model to examine vegetation shifts, glacial refugia and gene flow of key species in this complex landscape region in response to past climatic oscillations and human disturbance. In this study, we examined maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (nad1 intron b/c and nad5 intron 1) and paternally inherited chloroplast DNA (trnC‐trnD) sequence variation within a dominant forest species, Picea crassifolia Kom. We recovered nine mitotypes and two chlorotypes in a survey of 442 individuals from 32 populations sampled throughout the species’ range. Significant mitochondrial DNA population subdivision was detected (GST = 0.512; NST = 0.679), suggesting low levels of recurrent gene flow through seeds among populations and significant phylogeographical structure (NST > GST, P < 0.05). Plateau haplotypes differed in sequence from those in the adjacent highlands, suggesting a long period of allopatric fragmentation between the species in the two regions and the presence of independent refugia in each region during Quaternary glaciations. On the QTP platform, all but one of the disjunct populations surveyed were fixed for the same mitotype, while most populations at the plateau edge contained more than one haplotype with the mitotype that was fixed in plateau platform populations always present at high frequency. This distribution pattern suggests that present‐day disjunct populations on the QTP platform experienced a common recolonization history. The same phylogeographical pattern, however, was not detected for paternally inherited chloroplast DNA haplotypes. Two chlorotypes were distributed throughout the range of the species with little geographical population differentiation (GST = NST = 0.093). This provides evidence for highly efficient pollen‐mediated gene flow among isolated forest patches, both within and between the QTP and adjacent highland populations. A lack of isolation to pollen‐mediated gene flow between forests on the QTP and adjacent highlands is surprising given that the Tengger Desert has been a geographical barrier between these two regions for approximately the last 1.8 million years.
MukB colocalizes with the oriC region and is required for organization of the two Escherichia coli chromosome arms into separate cell halves
Authors: Danilova Olessia , Reyes‐Lamothe Rodrigo , Pinskaya Marina , Sherratt David , Possoz Christophe 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe circular Escherichia coli chromosome is organized by bidirectional replication into two equal left and right arms (replichores). Each arm occupies a separate cell half, with the origin of replication (oriC) at mid‐cell. E. coli MukBEF belongs to the ubiquitous family of SMC protein complexes that play key roles in chromosome organization and processing. In mukBEF mutants, viability is restricted to low temperature with production of anucleate cells, reflecting chromosome segregation defects. We show that in mukB mutant cells, the two chromosome arms do not separate into distinct cell halves, but extend from pole to pole with the oriC region located at the old pole. Mutations in topA, encoding topoisomerase I, do not suppress the aberrant positioning of chromosomal loci in mukB cells, despite suppressing the temperature‐sensitivity and production of anucleate cells. Furthermore, we show that MukB and the oriC region generally colocalize throughout the cell cycle, even when oriC localization is aberrant. We propose that MukBEF initiates the normal bidirectional organization of the chromosome from the oriC region.