bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in the Incidence Trend of Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Carcinomas in Taiwan: Implication from Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Hsu Chiun , Shen Ying-Chun , Cheng Chia-Chi , Hong Ruey-Long , Chang Chee-Jen , Cheng Ann-Lii 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Lifestyle factors are considered important for the pathogenesis of both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal carcinomas. In Taiwan, the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma gradually decreased over the past 20 years, whereas that of oropharyngeal carcinoma increased rapidly. To compare the incidence trends of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal carcinomas in Taiwan, the age-period-cohort model was used to analyze epidemiologic data from 1981 to 2000 obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. The calendar time period of 1986 to 1990 and the 1931 to 1940 birth cohort were used as reference groups for estimates of relative risk. For nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the incidence seemed to decrease in most age groups and was more prominent in women (30%) than in men (23%). For oropharyngeal carcinoma, the incidence increased in all age groups and was more prominent in men (391.4%) than in women (59.2%). Cohort effect was found for both nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The relative risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma for the 1971 to 1980 birth cohort was 0.38 for women and 0.68 for men. The relative risk of oropharyngeal carcinoma for the 1971 to 1980 cohort was 45.67 for men and 2.69 for women. Change in lifestyle seemed to be an important factor for the difference in the incidence trend between nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal carcinomas and between men and women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):856–61)
Human Papillomavirus Testing Following Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Identifies Women at Risk for Posttreatment Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2 or 3 Disease
Authors: Kreimer Aimée R. , Guido Richard S. , Solomon Diane , Schiffman Mark , Wacholder Sholom , Jeronimo José , Wheeler Cosette M. , Castle Philip E. ,   for the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study (ALTS) Group
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Background: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is the predominant treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2+) in the United States, yet following treatment ∼10% of women are diagnosed again with CIN2+, necessitating close follow-up of such patients.
Methods: Surveillance strategies using cytology and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) testing were compared among women who underwent LEEP (n = 610) in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) Triage Study. Cervical specimens, collected at 6-month visits for 2 years, were used for cytology, Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) detection of carcinogenic HPVs, and PCR for genotyping of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic HPV types. At exit, women had colposcopy for safety and disease ascertainment.
Results: At the visit post-LEEP (median time: 4.5 months after LEEP), 36.9% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 32.7-41.1%] of women were positive for carcinogenic HPV by PCR and 33.7% (95% CI, 29.7-37.9) had ASCUS or more severe (ASCUS+) cytology. The overall 2-year cumulative incidence of histologically confirmed posttreatment CIN2+ was 7.0%; this could be further stratified by the HPV risk category detected at the 6-month visit after LEEP. The 2-year risk associated with HPV16 positivity was 37.0%, significantly higher than for other carcinogenic HPV types (10.8%, P &lt; 0.001), noncarcinogenic types (1.5%, P &lt; 0.001), or testing HPV negative (0%). Post-LEEP cytology (using a positive threshold of ASCUS+) was 78.1% (95% CI, 60.0-90.7%) sensitive for detection of posttreatment CIN2+. By comparison, PCR for carcinogenic HPV and combination testing (using a positive result from carcinogenic HPV testing or cytology as the test threshold with HPV-negative ASCUS not referred) were significantly more sensitive (96.9% for each, P = 0.03); HC2 alone was nonsignificantly more sensitive (90.6%, P = 0.3). Specificity was similar for ASCUS+ cytology (69.1%, 95% CI, 64.6-73.3%) and PCR for carcinogenic HPV (67.1%, P = 0.5), yet was lower for HC2 (63.8%, P = 0.048) and combination testing (62.9%, P = 0.02).
Conclusion: Women who tested positive after LEEP for carcinogenic HPV types, especially HPV16, had high risk of subsequent CIN2+. HPV-based detection methods, alone or in combination with cytology, may be useful to incorporate in post-LEEP management strategies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):908–14)
Reproducibility of Plasma Steroid Hormones, Prolactin, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Levels among Premenopausal Women over a 2- to 3-Year Period
Authors: Missmer Stacey A. , Spiegelman Donna , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R. , Barbieri Robert L. , Pollak Michael N. , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Few studies have evaluated whether a single blood hormone measurement, as is available in most epidemiologic studies, sufficiently characterizes a premenopausal woman's long-term hormone levels; there is particular concern whether sex steroid hormones, which fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, are reliable. We conducted a prospective study within the Nurses' Health Study II to examine the reproducibility of plasma estrogens, androgens, progesterone, prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I), and IGF binding protein–3 (IGFBP-3). One blood sample per year over 3 years was collected from 113 premenopausal women during both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) across the three samples for all women. Among estrogens, ICCs ranged from 0.38 (estradiol) to 0.60 (estrone sulfate) in the follicular phase and from 0.44 (estrone) to 0.69 (estrone sulfate) in the luteal phase. Among androgens, ICCs ranged from 0.58 (androstenedione) to 0.94 [dehydroepiandrostenedione sulfate (DHEAS)] in the follicular phase and from 0.56 (testosterone) to 0.81 (DHEAS) in the luteal phase. When values were averaged across the follicular and luteal phases, the ICC for prolactin was 0.64 whereas ICCs for IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were 0.86 and 0.82, respectively. The ICC for progesterone in the luteal phase was only 0.29. These data suggest that for androgens, estrone sulfate, prolactin, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3, a single measurement can reliably categorize average levels over at least a 3-year period in premenopausal women. For estrone and estradiol, where ICCs were relatively low, it is important to use reproducibility data such as those to correct for measurement error in epidemiologic studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):972–8)
Gender-Specific Protective Effect of Hemoglobin on Arsenic-Induced Skin Lesions
Authors: Breton Carrie V. , Houseman E. Andres , Kile Molly L. , Quamruzzaman Quazi , Rahman Mahmuder , Mahiuddin Golam , Christiani David C. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Chronic arsenic poisoning remains a public health crisis in Bangladesh. As arsenic has been shown to bind to human hemoglobin (Hb), hematologic mechanisms may play a role in the pathway through which arsenic exerts its toxicity. Two separate studies, a case-control and a cohort, were conducted to investigate the role of Hb in the development of arsenic-induced skin lesions. In the first, conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the effect of Hb on skin lesions among 900 case-control pairs from Pabna, Bangladesh, in which individuals were matched on gender, age, and location. In the second, mixed linear regression models were used to examine the association between toenail arsenic, urinary arsenic, and Hb within a cohort of 184 individuals from 50 families in the same region who did not have arsenic-induced skin lesions. Hb was significantly associated with skin lesions but this association was gender specific. In males, a 40% reduction in the odds of skin lesions occurred for every 1 g/dL increase in Hb (odds ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.73). No effect was observed for females (odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.46). In the cohort of 184 individuals, no associations between toenail arsenic or urinary arsenic species and Hb levels were observed. Low Hb levels may exacerbate the detrimental health effects of chronic arsenic poisoning. Whereas providing clean water remains the optimal solution to Bangladesh's problem of arsenic poisoning, improving nutrition and reducing iron-deficiency anemia may ameliorate negative health effects, such as skin lesions in individuals who have been exposed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):902–7)
Body Mass Index and Adenocarcinomas of the Esophagus or Gastric Cardia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kubo Ai , Corley Douglas A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased markedly in recent decades in many countries. Obesity is a potential risk factor, although the results of individual studies differ. We did a systematic review and statistical synthesis of studies that evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma or the adjacent gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.Methods: We identified potential studies using Medline, the Web of Science database, a manual review of the literature and expert bibliographies. Studies were included if they reported (a) a measure of body mass; (b) the occurrence of esophageal or cardia adenocarcinoma diagnosis; and (c) a relative risk or odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) or provided sufficient data to permit their calculation.Results: We identified 14 studies (2 cohort, 12 case-control; 2,488 esophageal and 2,509 cardia adenocarcinomas). A high BMI (&gt;25) was associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (males, OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.7; females, OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.9). Higher levels of BMI were associated with increased risk (overweight males, OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5-2.2; obese males, OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.9-3.2). The overall associations with cardia cancer were heterogeneous, although stratification by study location provided homogeneous results for populations from the United States or Europe. A high BMI was weakly associated with the risk of cardia adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.8; Pheterogeneity = 0.38).Conclusions: Pooled results from observational studies support a positive association between high BMI and the risk for esophageal and possibly for cardia adenocarcinoma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):872–8)
Statin Use and Risk of Lymphoid Neoplasms: Results from the European Case-Control Study EPILYMPH
Authors: Fortuny Joan , de Sanjosé Sílvia , Becker Nikolaus , Maynadié Marc , Cocco Pier Luigi , Staines Anthony , Foretova Lenka , Vornanen Martine , Brennan Paul , Nieters Alexandra , Alvaro Tomàs , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Background: Statins, drugs used to treat dyslipidemia, may have anticancer properties. We have evaluated lymphoma risk associated with regular statin use in an international case-control study.
Methods: This case-control study included 2,362 cases of incident B- and T-cell lymphoma from Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Spain and 2,206 hospital or population controls. Information on drug use, diagnosis at admission (for hospital controls), and putative risk factors for lymphoma was collected with personal interviews. Hospital controls admitted for diseases possibly entailing use of statins were excluded from the analysis.
Results: The odds ratio for regular statin use was 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.84); all major lymphoma subtypes showed similarly decreased risks. Decreased risks were observed in all centers. Duration of statin use was not associated with a greater reduction in the risk of lymphoma. Use of other lipid lowering drugs, such as fibrates, did not significantly modify the risk of lymphoma (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-1.27).
Conclusion: Statin use was associated with an important reduction in lymphoma risk, adding to the growing evidence of anticancer properties of this group of drugs. These results are reassuring for the increasing number of patients taking statins on a regular basis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):921–5)
Sequence Variants in Toll-Like Receptor 10 Are Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Risk
Authors: Zhou Xin-Xi , Jia Wei-Hua , Shen Guo-Ping , Qin Hai-de , Yu Xing-Juan , Chen Li-Zhen , Feng Qi-Sheng , Shugart Yin Yao , Zeng Yi-Xin 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignancy in southern China and Southeast Asia. Genetic susceptibility is a major factor in determining the individual risk of NPC in these areas. To test the association between NPC and variants in Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10), we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in a Cantonese-speaking population in Guangdong province. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR10, selected with a tagging algorithm, were genotyped. When assessing each unique haplotype compared with the most common haplotype, “GAGTGAA,” with the expectation-maximization algorithm in Haplo.stats, the risk of developing NPC was significantly elevated among men who carried the haplotype “GCGTGGC” (P = 0.005). After adjusting for age, gender, and VCA-IgA antibody titers, this association was more significant (P = 0.0007). To further assess the overall differences of haplotype frequency profiles between cases and healthy controls, the global score test, considering all haplotypes and adjusting for age, gender, and VCA-IgA antibody titers, gave a haplo score of 27.52 with P = 0.002. The haplotype specific odds ratio was 2.66 (confidence interval, 1.34-3.82) for GCGTGGC. We concluded that in this Cantonese population–based study, haplotype GCGTGGC with frequency of 11.4% in TLR10 was found to be associated with NPC and this association was statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, and VCA-IgA antibody titers. It is possible that this is not a causal haplotype for NPC; rather, it is in strong linkage disequilibrium with a causal single nucleotide polymorphism in close proximity. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):862–6)
Relationship between Established Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Risk of Seven Different Histologic Types of Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Daling Janet R. , Malone Kathleen E. , Bernstein Leslie , Marchbanks Polly A. , Liff Jonathan M. , Strom Brian L. , Simon Michael S. , Press Michael F. , McDonald Jill A. , Ursin Giske , Burkman Ronald T. , Deapen Dennis , Spirtas Robert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground: Important differences in the contributions of certain exposures to the risks of ductal versus lobular breast carcinomas have been observed, but few studies have evaluated the relationships between established breast cancer risk factors and other histologic types.Methods: Information on family history of cancer and reproductive, hormonal, anthropometric, and lifestyle characteristics were collected in a multicenter population-based case-control study consisting of 3,463 ductal, 274 lobular, 261 ductal-lobular, 91 medullary, 77 tubular, 70 comedo, and 61 mucinous invasive breast carcinoma cases (ages 35-64 years, newly diagnosed 1994-1998) and 4,682 controls. Associations between each of these histologic types and various exposures were evaluated using polytomous regression.Results: Heterogeneity in the risks of different histologic types of breast cancer was observed for three exposures: menopausal hormone use, body mass index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Specifically, current use of unopposed estrogen was associated with a reduced risk of ductal carcinoma and increased risk of comedocarcinoma, and current use of estrogen and progestin was associated with elevated risks of ductal-lobular and tubular carcinomas. Among postmenopausal women, BMI was only inversely related to risk of ductal-lobular carcinoma, and alcohol use was only positively related to risk of lobular carcinoma.Conclusions: Variations in the associations between known breast cancer risk factors and risk of different breast cancer histologies were observed. Although these findings require confirmation, and the analyses of some histologic groups were limited by small sample sizes, they provide some insight into the different etiologies of various histologic subtypes of breast cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):946–54)
Tobacco Smoking and Colorectal Hyperplastic and Adenomatous Polyps
Authors: Ji Bu-Tian , Weissfeld Joel L. , Chow Wong-Ho , Huang Wen-Yi , Schoen Robert E. , Hayes Richard B. ,   for the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Trial Team
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Colorectal adenomas and possibly some hyperplastic polyps are precursors of colorectal cancer. Tobacco use is associated in epidemiologic studies with these polyps, although links between smoking and colorectal cancer are less consistent. To characterize the role of tobacco in early colorectal carcinogenesis, we compared tobacco use among 4,383 subjects with histologically verified benign (hyperplastic or adenomatous) polyps of the distal colon (descending colon, sigmoid, and rectum) with tobacco use among 33,667 subjects who were endoscopy negative for distal colon tumors, in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Trial, a randomized trial of flexible sigmoidoscopy. Risks, estimated by the odds ratio (OR), associated with current cigarette use were OR = 4.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.7-5.2] for hyperplastic polyps only, OR = 1.8 (95% CI, 1.5-2.1) for adenomas only, and OR = 6.2 (95% CI, 4.7-8.3) for subjects with both hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps concurrently. Effects were weaker among ex smokers; the smoking-associated ORs remained consistently higher for hyperplastic polyps. This pattern was also seen in relation to cigarettes smoked per day, smoking duration, and pack-years. Tobacco-associated risks for multiple polyps were also stronger when hyperplastic disease was involved. In conclusion, tobacco use, particularly recent use, increases risk for both adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps, but the risks are substantially greater for hyperplastic lesions. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):897–901)
Common Genetic Variation at PTEN and Risk of Sporadic Breast and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Haiman Christopher A. , Stram Daniel O. , Cheng Iona , Giorgi Elena E. , Pooler Loreall , Penney Kathryn , Le Marchand Loïc , Henderson Brian E. , Freedman Matthew L. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
PTEN frequently shows loss of heterozygosity in breast and prostate cancers, and mutations in this gene are responsible for Cowden disease, a rare Mendelian syndrome that includes breast cancer as part of its phenotype. Thus, PTEN serves as a candidate susceptibility gene for both breast and prostate cancer risk. Whether common inherited variation (either coding or noncoding) at the PTEN locus contribute to nonfamilial, sporadic breast and prostate cancer risk is not known. In this study, we employed a linkage disequilibrium–based approach to test for association between common genetic variation at the PTEN locus and breast and prostate cancer risk in African-American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese, Latina, and White men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We genotyped 17 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; ≥5% frequency in at least one ethnic group) spanning the PTEN gene to define the common alleles in these populations. These SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium, indicating that our survey captured most of the common sequence variation across this locus. Eight tagging SNPs were selected to predict the common PTEN haplotypes (≥0.05 frequency) in these populations (two additional tagging SNPs were required for African Americans). These SNPs were evaluated in a breast cancer case-control study (cases, n = 1,615; controls, n = 1,962) and prostate cancer case-control study (cases, n = 2,320; controls, n = 2,290) nested within the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Multiple testing was explicitly accounted for by applying a permutation-based framework. We found no strong association with any common haplotype in relation to breast or prostate cancer risk. In summary, our results show that common variants in PTEN do not substantially influence risk of these two common cancers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):1021-1024)
NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) Pro187Ser Polymorphism and the Risk of Lung, Bladder, and Colorectal Cancers: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Chao Chun , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Berthiller Julien , Boffetta Paolo , Hashibe Mia 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinoid compounds into hydroquinones, their less toxic form. A sequence variant at position 609 (C → T) in the NQO1 gene encodes an enzyme with reduced quinone reductase activity in vitro and thus was hypothesized to affect cancer susceptibility. We conducted meta-analyses focusing on three cancer sites (lung, bladder, and colorectum) to summarize the findings from the current literature and to explore sources of heterogeneity.
Results: There is no clear association between the NQO1 Pro187Ser polymorphism and lung cancer risk in the three ethnic groups examined: odds ratio (ORWhite) C/T + T/T versus C/C = 1.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.96-1.13], ORAsian = 0.99 (95% CI, 0.72-1.34), and ORBlacks = 0.95 (95% CI, 0.66-1.36). However, a modestly increased risk was suggested for the variant homozygotes in whites (OR T/T versus C/C, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.94-1.50). Analysis excluding one outlier study suggested the variant allele may be associated with reduced lung cancer risk in Asians. Meta-analyses for bladder and colorectal cancer suggested a statistically significant association with the variant genotypes in whites. In stratified analyses, the NQO1 Pro187Ser variant genotypes were associated with slightly increased lung cancer risk in white ever smokers but not in white never smokers and were mainly associated with a reduced risk of lung adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma in Asians.
Conclusions: Results from our meta-analyses suggest that the variant NQO1 Pro187Ser genotype may affect individual susceptibility to lung, bladder, and colorectal cancer. Such effects of the NQO1 polymorphism seem to be modified by ethnicity and smoking status. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):979–87) (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(5):979-986)