bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity and configuration of conjugated fatty acids in certain seed oils
Authors: Hopkins C. Y. , Chisholm M. J. , Orgodnik J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPunicic acid was found in the seed oils ofCayaponia grandifolia, Trichosanthes cordata andT. cucumerina. α‐Eleostearic acid was found inMomordica cochinchinensis, M. cochinchinesis varietymixta andM. cymbalaria. The identity of the conjugated triene acid ofAleurites trisperma, Garcia nutans andCyclandrophora laurina was confirmed as α‐eleostearic acid (cis, trans, trans configuration). The configuration of kamlolenic acid was proved to becis‐9,trans‐11,trans‐13. The oils ofAleurites remyi andLicania platypus did not contain any conjugated acid.
Metabolism of glyceryl 1‐14C‐trilinoleate in rat testis
Authors: Nakamura Masami , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnimals of the Sprague‐Dawley strain were injected intratesticularly with radioactive glyceryl 1‐14C‐trilinoleate in a sequential experiment and killed at 1/4, 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr. Distribution and concentration (specific activity) of radioactivity among the lipid classes and fatty acids were determined. The results showed that radioactive 1‐14C‐linoleic acid was released from the glyceryl trilinoleate and incorporated throghout the lipid classes. The pattern of the distribution of the radioactivity and specific activities showed that the transformation of linoleic acid between the triglyceride, diglyceride and fatty acid pools was an equilibrium process. Linoleic acid released from glyceryl 1‐14C‐trilinoleate was converted to higher polyunsaturated fatty acids which were incorporated throughout the lipid classes, and was catabolized as evidenced by the finding of radioactivity in palmitic acid. The main metabolic pools in the interconversion of linoleic acid were arachidonic and 22∶5 acids. Small amounts of 20∶3 and 22∶4 were also detected and had high specific activities indicative of their roles as precursors.
Cis‐5‐monoenoic fatty acids ofCarlina (Compositae) seed oils
Authors: Spencer G. F. , Kleiman R. , Earle F. R. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeed oils ofCarlina corymbosa L. andC. acaulis L. containcis‐5‐octadecenoic acid as a major fatty acid (21–24%). This acid has not been previously reported as a constituent of Compositate seed oils. The predominant fatty acid in theCarlina oils is linoleic (50–52%); lesser amounts (≦10% each) of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids are also present. The oil ofC. acaulis has almost 2% ofcis‐5‐hexadecenoic acid;C. corymbosa oil includes minor amounts of some oxygenated fatty acids.
Response of docosapentaenoic acids of rat heart phospholipids to dietary fat
Authors: Egwim P. O. , Kummerow F. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGroups of male Holtzman strain rats were fed from weanling one of the following diets: 20% hydrogenated soybean fat (20% HF), and 20% HF plus 2%, 3% and 4% corn oil, respectively, for 20 weeks. The animals were killed, and the heart phospholipid fractions isolated by chromatographic procedures. The levels and distribution of the docosapolyenoic acids, especially 22∶5ω3, were compared among the animals fed the corn oil supplemented and nonsupplemented diets. Although dietary linolenate (18∶3ω3) level was very low in the nonsupplemented diet, 22∶5ω3 accounted for 8.4% of the total fatty acids of heart total phospholipids when this diet was fed‐half the level of total eicosatetraenoic acids. The amounts of 22∶5ω3 were decreased by corn oil supplementation of the diet and got down to the “normal” range of 2.0–2.5% at corn oil supplementation levels greater than 2%. The docosapolyenoic acids were confined largely to the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine classes of phospholipids. These findings are discussed from the standpoint of the structural role of the phospholipids in the heart subcellular fractions.
Synthesis of phosphoglycerides
Authors: Jensen Robert G. , Gordon Dennis T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of phosphoglycerides is reviewed. Emphasis is placed upon precursor and intermediate compounds, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, monoacylphosphoglycerides, purification and proof of structure. Suggestions are made for large scale synthesis of phosphoglycerides based upon our experience.
Paraffinic hydrocarbon composition of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris)
Authors: Nooner D. W. , Oro J. , Cerbulis J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe paraffinic hydrocarbon fraction of the lipids extracted from earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) contains ca. 88%n‐alkanes and 12% branched alkanes and other hydrocarbons. Then‐alkanes range from C13 through C33, and their most interesting feature is the even‐over‐odd carbon number predominance in the C13−C24 range. The nonnormal hydrocarbons consist primarily of monomethyl‐substituted alkanes. Other hydrocarbons that have been identified include the C16. C18, C19 and C20 isoprenoids and the C18, C20 and C22n‐alkylcyclohexanes.
Distribution oftrans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid, 7‐methyl‐7‐hexadecenoic acid and common fatty acids in lipids of the ocean sunfishMola mola
Authors: Hooper S. N. , Paradis M. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipids extracted from various tissues of four individual sunfish have been shown to contain thetrans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid previously reported for marine turtles, a metridium and a jelly fish, and also the 7‐methyl‐7‐hexadecenoic acid recently isolated from one sunfish liver oil sample. The other fatty acids present were qualitatively typical of marine lipids in general. Unusual quantitative details included high percentages of 18∶0 and 20∶4ω6, which are also found in the Atlantic leatherback turtle and presumably linked to a similar diet of jellyfish and to other common factors. In a sample of lipids from intestinal contentstrans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid was found to be the predominant C16monoene, and was accompanied by comparatively large amounts of the 7‐methyl‐7‐hexadecenoic acid. This observation and other fatty acid details are compatible with an exogenous origin for these acids and jellyfish, etc., as a predominant dietary material for the ocean sunfish.
The distribution of labeled palmitic acid into the diglycerides and triglycerides of rat adipose tissue
Authors: Herodek Sándor 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAfter in vitro incubation of rat epididymal fat pads with radioactive palmitic acid, the distribution of the label in the different lipid classes and in different triglycerides was determined by silica gel and silver nitrate‐silica gel thin‐layer chromatography (TLC).The radioactivity of the diglycerides was approximately half of the triglycerides. This ratio did not change with alteration in the time of incubation. It remained unaltered even after a subsequent 10‐min incubation in a nonradioactive medium.When the fat pads were incubated, first with14C‐, then with3H‐labeled palmitic acid, the3H/14C ratio was slightly lower in diglycerides than in triglycerides.The fully saturated molecules contained 38% of the radioactivity of triglycerides. Addition of oleic acid or norepinephrine to the labeled palmitic acid‐containing medium decreased this value. Subsequent incubation with these compounds did not alter the distribution of radioactivity.
The phospholipid composition of plasma in various mammalian species
Authors: Nelson Gary J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlasma phospholipids in several common mammalian species, including cat, cow, dog, goat, guinea pig, horse, pig, rabbit, rat, and sheep, were analyzed by using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Lipids were extracted from plasma with chloroform‐methanol 2∶1 (v/v) and freed of nonlipid material by passage through a Sephadex column. The phospholipids were separated by two‐dimensional thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). Spots were identified by spray reagents, also by infrared spectrophotometry. The relative distribution of the phospholipids was determined by phosphorus analysis on the spot scraped off the TLC plate.Lecithin, lysolecithin, and sphingomyelin were found in the plasma of all species and accounted for more than 95% of the phospholipids except in the rodents. Lecithin was without exception the major phospholipid in plasma (56 to 83%). Lysolecithin and sphingomyelin content varied between 8 and 23% and 6 and 15% respectively. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl inositol were the only noncholine‐containing phospholipids detected (detection limits 0.2%) in the plasma of these species. Together these compounds usually made up less than 5% of the total phospholipid. Rodents were an exception, especially the guinea pig, which had 21.7% phosphatidyl ethanolamine.
The incorporation of ethanolamine into ether‐containing lipids in rat brain
Authors: Horrocks L. A. , Ansell G. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAfter intracerebral injection of C14‐ethanolamine into rats, the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides were isolated and hydrolyzed with mild alkali and acid. The specific radioactivity of the diacyl, acyl alkenyl, and acyl alkyl glyceryl‐3‐phosphorylethanolamine, the diacyl and acyl alkenyl glyceryl‐3‐phosphorylcholine, and sphingomyelin was determined at 0.5, 2, 24, and 48 hours. The specific radioactivity‐time relationships show that the ethanolamine plasmalogen is not a precursor for the glyceryl ether form but suggest that acyl alkyl glyceryl‐3‐phosphorylethanolamine is desaturated to form some of the acyl alkenyl glyceryl‐3‐phosphorylethanolamine. The radioactivity in the choline portion of the choline phospholipids was very low.
Effect of dietary linolenic and linoleic acids upon growth and lipid metabolism of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Yu T. C. , Sinnhuber R. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNine diets, each containing different levels of linoleic acid (18∶2ω6) and linolenic (18∶3ω3) were fed to duplicate groups of rainbow trout for 14 weeks. The growth rate, feed efficiency, accumulated mortality, and fatty acid composition of neutral fat and phospholipids of these groups of fish were determined. The growth was slow in the groups of fish receiving diets containing (A) low concentration of 18∶3ω3 and (B) high concentration (5%) of 18∶2ω6. The accumulated mortality was high in these groups of fish. The diet containing 1% 18∶3ω3 alone supported rapid fish growth with low mortality. The feed efficiency of this diet was also high. The metabolism of 18∶2ω6 and 18∶3ω3 in fish and their conversion to more unsaturated fatty acids typical of fish lipids was investigated.
Influence of dietary fatty acids on membrane properties and enzyme activities of liver mitochondria of normal and hypophysectomized rats
Authors: Haeffner E. W. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies are reported on the effects of diets containing fatty supplements with (A) a high concentration of arachidonate (46% concentrate of ethyl arachidonate), (B) a high concentration of linoleate (corn oil), and (C) an essential fatty acid deficient, fully saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil) upon lipid composition, membrane permeability, and enzyme activities of liver mitochondria of normal and hypophysectomized rats. The fatty supplements produced differences in the fatty acid composition of the liver mitochondria; hypophysectomy, in addition, influenced the neutral and phospholipid composition. Permeability, indicated by swelling properties, correlated generally with the degree of unsaturation and essential fatty acid content of the lipid of the mitochondria of the normal animals. The fatty supplements also influenced the enzyme acitivites of the mitochondria of the normal animals. The mitochondria of the hypophysectomized animals were less responsive to the differences in the dietary fat in both their swelling properties and enzyme activities. Although the relationship was complex, it appeared that the hypophysis was involved in the functions of essential fatty acids in liver mitochondria.
Lipid and fatty acid composition of testes of quaking mice
Authors: Coniglio J. G. , Grogan W. M. , Harris D. G. , Fitzhugh M. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTestes of quaking mice (sterile mutants) and of controls were analyzed for major lipid classes and fatty acid composition. Of the main lipid classes, only cholesterol esters differed significantly in concentration between the two groups (1.01 for quakers vs 0.69 mg/g wet wt of tissue for controls). The concentration of triglycerides was 4.5–5.0, that of total phosphatides 18–19, and that of free cholesterol 1.9–2.0 mg/g for mutants and controls. The concentrations of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and of sphingomyelin were both lower in quaking than in normal mice, but only the change in the former was statistically significant. Phosphatidyl choline was the major phosphatide (43–45% of total phosphatides) followed by phosphatidyl ethanolamine (24–26%) and sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl inositol (all ca. 7% of total phosphatides). Minor differences between the mutants and controls were observed in concentrations of fatty acids of major lipid classes. The mutants, sterile because of faulty spermatid differentiation, had normal quantities of 22∶6 w3 and 22∶5 w6. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the 22‐carbon polyenes are associated with the formation of spermatids, rather than with their final differentiation into spermatozoa.
Stereospecific analysis of some cruciferae species
Authors: Ohlson R. , Podlaha O. , Töregård B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResults of stereospecific analysis of nine Cruciferae seed oils are presented. The major fatty acids in the oils investigated are nonrandomly distributed, not only between inner and outer positions, but also between sn‐1 and sn‐3 positions. When the positional data were plotted versus erucic acid content, a regular and characteristic distribution pattern for each fatty acid was obtained. Category I acids (saturated acids and acids with more than 18 carbon atoms) prefer either of the outer positions. Erucic acid, however, has a clear preference for the sn‐3 position. When in the outer positions, Category II acids (unsaturated acids with 18 carbon atoms) as a rule prefer the sn‐1 to the sn‐3 position. This tendency increases with decreasing unsaturation.
Effect of ethanol on utilization of plasma free fatty acids for liver triacylglycerol synthesis and its relation to hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation in rats
Authors: Johnson O. , Hernell O. , Olivecrona T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of 3 different single doses of ethanol on the liver triacylglycerol concentration and on the metabolism of intravenously injected14C‐oleic acid in fasted rats was studied. All 3 doses (2,3.75, and 6 g ethanol/kg body wt_ caused a rapid increased in the liver triacylglycerol concentration during the first 5–6 hr after the ethanol was given. Until the plasma ethanol concentration had fallen to low values, the high liver triacylglycerol levels were raised and were independent of the ethanol dose given. The incorporation of radioactivity from intravenously injected14C‐oleic acid into liver triacylglycerols was increased over control values to the same extent in all rats given ethanol as long as the plasma ethanol concentration was above a low level. High rates of ethanol oxidation and increased utilization of plasma free fatty acids for liver triacylglycerol synthesis were closely correlated with the development and maintenance of the ethanol induced liver triacylglycerol accumulation.
Lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase activity in hypercholesterolemic subjects and in hypercholesterolemic subjects treated with clofibrate
Authors: D'Alessandro A. , Zucconi A. , Bellini F. , Boncinelli L. , Chiostri R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer reaction in the plasma of hypercholesterolemic subjects and of hypercholesterolemic subjects treated with clofibrate was studied. An increased enzyme activity was found in the first group of patients, while lecithin: cholesterol acyl transfer activity tended to normalize in the second group. This increased enzyme activity might be a defense mechanism against the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall.
24‐Methylenedammarenol: A new triterpene alcohol from shea butter
Authors: Itoh T. , Tamura T. , Matsumoto T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new triterpene alcohol was isolated from shea butter and its structure was shown to be 24‐methylenedammarenol (24‐methylene‐5α‐dammar‐20[21]‐en‐3β‐01). Dammaradienol (5α‐dammara‐20[21],24‐dien‐3β‐ol) also was isolated from shea butter.
Fatty acid synthesis from 2‐14C‐acetate in rat testis mitochondrial and cytosol fractions in vitro
Authors: Haeffner E. W. , Privett O.S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn in vitro system for acetate incorporation into fatty acids by the mitochondrial and the cytosol fractions of rats testis is described. The rate of incorporation of acetate into fatty acids was twice as fast with the mitochondrial as with the cytosol fraction; both systems were stimulated in the presence of adenosine triphosphate, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, coenzyme A, and MgCl2. The optimum pH was between 7.0–7.5 for the mitochondrial fraction and between 6.5–8.0 for the cytosol fraction. Radio gas chromatography showed that palmitic acid was the most highly labeled acid, followed by stearic acid, in the mitochondrial fraction in accord with the pathway of de novo fatty acid synthesis. Some of the labeled acetate was also incorporated into the 16∶1 and 18∶1 fatty acids of this fraction. Distribution of radioactivity among the mitochondrial lipid classes was highest in the phospholipids and monoglycerides, followed by diglycerides and cholesterol; little radioactivity was present in the triglyceride fraction. These observations are in accord with studies of the incorporation of labeled metabolites into testicular lipids following intratesticular injection and indicate the validity of the in vitro system for studies of specific reactions occurring in vivo.
Stearoyl‐CoA desaturase activity in mammary adenocarcinomas carried by C3H mice
Authors: Rao G. Ananda , Abraham S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTransplantable mammary adenocarcinomas and livers of C3H mice fed a stock diet or a linoleate rich diet (15% corn oil) contain similar amounts of oleate (ca 3 mg/gm tissue). On feeding either a high carbohydrate, fat free or a high carbohydrate, saturated fat‐containing (15% hydrogenated coconut or cottonseed oil) diet for 6 weeks, oleate levels increased 2‐fold in tumor and 5‐fold in liver. The specific activity of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase in liver microsomes was similar to that in the corresponding fractions of mammary glands of lactating mice. In liver, this activity was enhanced 2‐ to 3‐fold by feeding a high carbohydrate, fat free or a high carbohydrate, saturated fat diet. The desaturase activity in mammary tumor microsomes, while only 10% of that in hepatic microsomes, remained unaltered regardless of the type of diet fed. These observations suggest that (a) a major portion of the oleate in the mammary tumor is not produced within the tissue, (b) dietary adaptation is not a general characteristic of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase in neoplastic tissues, and (c) enhanced desaturase activity in liver is directly related to the absence of linoleate or oleate, or to a large decrease in oleate in the diet.
Brassica campestris var. Span: II. Cardiopathogenicity of fractions isolated from span rapeseed oil when fed to male rats
Authors: Kramer J. K. G. , Hulan H. W. , Mahadevan S. , Sauer F. D. , Corner A. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRapeseed oils low in erucic acid caused myocardial lesions when fed to weanling male rats for 16 weeks. The cardiopathogenic properties appear to be associated with the triglycerides of the oil, and not to nontriglyceride components present in fully refined rapeseed oil. Cardiac lipid analysis confirmed that erucic acid accumulation was proportional to the concentration of this acid in the diet.
Methylating activity of (Methyl‐14C)‐S‐adenosylmethionine by microsomes of the insectCeratitis capitata
Authors: Jimenez C. , Municio A. M. , Suarez A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe methylating activity of (methyl‐14C)‐S‐adenosylmethionine by microsomes from different stages of development of the insectCeratitis capitata was studied in a series of in vitro experiments. Larval and pharate adult microsomal preparations were used in the in vitro conditions, and the utilization of the methyl group of the S‐adenosylmethionine for the synthesis of phospholipids was evaluated. Incorporation of radio‐activity in lipids by pharate adult microsomes was significantly higher than that by larval preparations. In both cases, phosphatidyl ethanolamine showed the highest levels of radioactivity incorporation. Free bases from total lipid hydrolysates were resolved by paper chromatography, and the labeling was investigated by radioactivity scanning of paper chromatograms. Larval and pharate adult preparations showed clearly the presence of dimethylethanolamine and choline. The presence in the incubation media of phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and deoxycholate enhanced the radioactivity incorporation into choline, whereas, the first stages of methylation were inhibited. These findings confirmed previous results using insect homogenates.
Studies on chemical nature of lipofuscin (age pigment) isolated from normal human brain
Authors: Taubold R. D. , Siakotos A. N. , Perkins E. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuman brain lipofuscin isolate was studied for its purity and physical and chemical properties. Purification of the impure material was achieved by gel permeation chromatography using Sephadex LH‐20 and BioBeads S‐X1 gels. The purified lipofuscin polymer represented ca. 12% of the starting material with the rest of the material being various mixed lipids. The mol wt of the purified lipofuscin was determined to be between 6000–7000 daltons. IR, UV‐visible, NMR, and fluorometric spectra were obtained, all indicating the fundamentally lipid nature of lipofuscin. The NMR spectrum strongly resembled that of a typical long chain fatty acid. Numbers of fatty acids and several amino acids were present as a portion of the lipofuscin structure. The results obtained suggested that the brain lipofuscin employed in the present study consisted mainly of polymeric lipid and phospholipid structures along with amino acids either bound to the lipids or as included proteins.
Identification of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15‐octadecapentaenoic acid in laboratory‐cultured photosynthetic dinoflagellates
Authors: Joseph Jeanne D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolar and nonpolar chromatograms of fatty acid methyl esters derived from 11 species of photosynthetic, marine dinoflagellates cultured in modified Erd‐Schrieber medium contained a component (4–23%) not identifiable by conventional graphic or arithmetic methods. Hydrogenation followed by gas liquid chromatography of the product showed the unknown component to be a straight chained 18 carbon fatty acid methyl ester. Chemical (CH4) ionization mass spectrometry of the isolated ester gave a spectrum characteristic of methyl esters and a mol wt of 288, indicating an 18 carbon molecule with 5 double bonds, or equivalent unsaturation. The IR spectrum showed that the double bonds are nonconjugated, and all arecis in geometry. Electron impact mass spectrometry of the pyrrolidide derivative provided evidence that double bonds are located in the 3, 9, 15 positions and probably also in the 6 and 12 positions of the molecule. These double bond positions were confirmed by NMR spectrometry. Data obtained by quantitation of the algal methyl esters suggest the possibility that these dinoflagellates synthesize 18∶5ω3 (shorthand) notation for chain length: number of double bonds and position of final double bond counted from the terminal methyl group) by a 2 carbon chain shortening of 20∶5ω3, rather than by the insertion of a †3 bond into 18∶4ω3.