bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Pure‐Red Quasi‐2D Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Propylammonium Chloride Passivator
Authors: Shen Piaoyang , Tang Zhaobing , Fan Junpeng , Zhang Ting , Qian Lei , Zhao Dewei , Xiang Chaoyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on quasi‐2D perovskites have attracted great attention in the past few years. Although significant achievements are made in device performance, fabrication of high‐efficiency PeLEDs with pure‐red (620–635 nm) light emission remains a significant challenge, which inhibits their practical application for full‐color displays. Herein, a series of efficient red PeLEDs at 625 nm are realized by employing volatile alkylammonium chlorides (propylammonium chloride) passivators. The interaction of PbI2 with propylamine (PA)…H+Cl− in the precursor solution effectively passivates the defects, leading to reduced non‐radiative recombination and enhanced device performance. By optimizing the amount of PACl, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.1% and a maximum brightness of 1701 cd m−2 are achieved, among the best‐performing quasi‐2D I‐based PeLEDs with emissions ranging from 620 to 635 nm. This work provides a new route to improve the stability and efficiency of pure‐red PeLEDs.
Beef cattle feedlot runoff impacts on soil antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Speicher Scott , Miller Daniel N. , Durso Lisa M. , Li Xu , Woodbury Bryan. L. , Eskridge Kent M. , Schmidt Amy Millmier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractField application of beef cattle feedlot runoff may transport manure‐borne microbes and antibiotic resistant bacteria to agricultural soils eventually impacting deeper soils and groundwater. To evaluate this potential, total soil, antibiotic resistance (AR), and fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and the presence/abundance of AR genes were examined to a depth of 1.8 m in an agricultural field receiving long‐term application of feedlot runoff and compared to a nearby pasture receiving no runoff. While plate counts of total soil bacteria and cefotaxime‐resistant, erythromycin‐resistant, and tetracycline‐resistant bacteria decreased with depth on both fields (p < 0.001) by an average 2‐log10 colony forming unit g−1 to 1.8‐m depth, field differences were only observed with greater abundances of total soil and erythromycin‐resistant bacteria (p ≤ 0.026) in the runoff‐amended versus control field soils. Soil bacterial and fecal indicator bacterial isolates evaluated phenotypically for resistance to 12 antibiotics varied in range and sensitivity. Using a culture‐independent approach, erm(C) and tet(Q) were detected using polymerase chain reaction in 31% and 58% of runoff‐field samples throughout the soil profile. Detection of erm(C) and tet(Q) in the control field soil profile was less frequent (0% and 11%, respectively). Two other genes, erm(A) and tet(X) were not detected in any soil samples. Based upon these results, long‐term applications of beef cattle feedlot runoff may increase the total abundance of microorganisms in the surface and shallow soil, but the relative enrichment of AR was dependent upon the type of resistance evaluated and, more specifically, the genes targeted for analysis.
“Bio‐based Plastic? Hm, I've Never Seen It!”—A mixed‐methods investigation into consumer preferences for different packaging material of fresh apples and tomatoes
Authors: Lehberger Mira , Kleih Anne‐Katrin , Sparke Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPackaging of fresh fruits and vegetables is standard in many grocery stores. This mixed methods study aims to identify the role packaging plays in consumer choice and what packaging material consumers prefer. We analyzed data from quantitative stated preference experiments with a quota sample of 485 consumers living in Germany. In addition to the experiments, we conducted a qualitative study and analyzed data from 13 consumers who participated in think aloud protocols and responded to open‐ended questions. We analyzed the data from the quantitative and qualitative studies separately and then systematically compared their key findings. Choice‐based conjoint analyses showed that packaging was less important than price and origin in consumers' decisions, but that consumers clearly preferred unpackaged to packaged produce. This is true for both apples, a relatively robust produce, and tomatoes, which are more susceptible to damage. The qualitative research indicated that consumers appreciate the ability to see and choose an unpackaged product, but also see some benefits of packaging, such as the protection of the produce. Overall, we found that by combining qualitative and quantitative insights, we were able to identify overlapping but also distinct facets of consumer preference for fresh produce packaging. Regarding the use of bio‐based plastics for fresh produce, our results indicate that German consumers were not currently inclined to choose this type of packaging, and evidence suggests that they have little knowledge and/or awareness about it. Our findings have implications for researchers, marketing practitioners, packaging manufacturers, and policy makers. [EconLit Citations: D12, Q50].
Exploring Kinematic Bifurcations and Hinge Compliance for In‐Hand Manipulation: How Could Thick‐Panel Origami Contribute?
Authors: Liu Chenying , He Liang , Wang Sihan , Williams Albert , You Zhong , Maiolino Perla 
Published: April 2024

Origami‐inspired mechanisms have found significant applications in end effector design. So far, the exploration of thick‐panel origami has been relatively limited, but it is worth noting that the incorporation of rigid thick panels can introduce unique mechanical properties, showcasing great potential in addressing manipulation challenges. Our previous work has developed a gripper from thick‐panel waterbomb origami, which can pick up a variety of daily objects. Based on the same prototype, this article extends the gripper's function from grasping to in‐hand manipulation, which is attributed to the kinematic bifurcations and compliance of thick‐panel origami. A kinematic study is carried out to investigate the gripper's bifurcated motion modes. The hinge compliance is also taken into account to enhance the gripper's motion dexterity. Theoretical analysis and experiments are conducted to demonstrate both features, thereby paving the foundation for achieving dexterous motions with a simplified control strategy. Aided by a differential mechanism, the gripper can effectively interact with objects with the actuation inputs from only two motors. Objects including balls, cuboids, and cones are explored for in‐hand manipulation under different motion modes, showing varied trajectories. With the integration of tactile sensors at the fingertips, we have also revealed the gripper's potential for classification tasks.
Parents of children with Down syndrome reflect on their postnatal diagnoses, 2003–2022
Authors: Artal Jonathan M. , Randall Lindsey , Rubeck Sabina , Allyse Megan , Michie Marsha , Riggan Kirsten A. , Meredith Stephanie , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 2003 survey revealed the scope of mothers' dissatisfaction with their postnatal support following a diagnosis of Down syndrome (DS). Substantial proportions of mothers reported that providers conveyed diagnoses with pity, emphasized negative aspects of DS, and neglected to provide adequate materials explaining DS. This study follows up on the 2003 survey by assessing whether parents' experiences have improved. Four DS nonprofit organizations, which participated in the original study, distributed a mixed‐methods survey to families who have had children with DS between 2003 and 2022. Quantitative analysis assessed correlations among responses and differences between the 2003 and 2022 survey groups. Open‐ended responses were qualitatively analyzed. Compared to the 2003 findings, parents' perceptions of their postnatal care have not improved (N = 89). Parents are increasingly likely to report that their providers pitied them, omitted positive aspects of DS, and provided insufficient materials describing DS. Substantial proportions of parents reported fear (77%) and anxiety (79%), only 24% described receiving adequate explanatory materials, and parents were 45% likelier to report that physicians discussed negative aspects of DS than positive aspects. Qualitatively, substantial numbers of parents recounted insensitive conduct by providers. These results suggest that despite interventions, parents' experiences of postnatal diagnoses of DS have not improved over time. Certain provider behaviors—such as describing positive aspects of DS and providing comprehensive explanatory materials—can reduce fear and anxiety, pointing to directions for reform.
Evaluating olfactory function and quality of life in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lawrence Amelia S. , Alapati Rahul , Wagoner Sarah F. , Nieves Antonio Bon , Bird Cole , Wright Robert , Jafri Shah , Rippee Michael , Villwock Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2024

Key points
Patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) had worse olfactory quality of life (QoL) and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 scores compared to a normal cohort.
A worse olfactory QoL correlated with concussion symptom burden.
Olfactory dysfunction among TBI patients should be addressed to improve overall outcomes.
Ein‐Topf‐Synthese von Schwefelkathoden mit hoher Kapazität durch In situ‐Polymerisation eines porösen Polymers auf Iminbasis
Authors: Li Guiping , Liu Ye , Schultz Thorsten , Exner Moritz , Muydinov Ruslan , Wang Hui , Scheurell Kerstin , Huang Jieyang , Szymoniak Paulina , Pinna Nicola , Koch Norbert , Adelhelm Philipp , Bojdys Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐Ionen‐Batterien, die für elektronische Geräte und Elektrofahrzeuge unerlässlich sind, verwenden hauptsächlich Kathoden aus kritischen Materialien wie Kobalt. Eine nachhaltigere Alternative sind Kathoden auf Schwefelbasis, die eine hohe theoretische Kapazität von 1675 mAh g−1 und Umweltvorteile bieten, da Schwefel reichlich vorhanden und weniger toxisch ist. Moderne Elektroden auf Schwefelbasis erreichen die theoretische Kapazität jedoch nicht, vor allem weil die herkömmliche Elektrodenherstellung auf dem Mischen der Komponenten zu schwach koordinierten Aufschlämmungen beruht. Infolgedessen führt die Mobilität des Schwefels zu einer Degradation der Batterie – ein Effekt, der als „Schwefel‐Shuttle“ bekannt ist. Diese Studie stellt eine Lösung vor, indem ein mikroporöses, kovalent gebundenes, iminbasiertes Polymernetzwerk entwickelt wird, das in situ um die Schwefelpartikel auf dem Stromkollektor wächst. Das Polymernetzwerk (i) ermöglicht den selektiven Transport von Elektrolyt und Li‐Ionen durch Poren definierter Größe und (ii) fungiert als robuster Wirt, um die aktive Komponente der Elektrode (Schwefelspezies) zurückzuhalten. Die resultierende Kathode hat eine überlegene Leistung von 0,1 C (1360 mAh g−1) bis 3 C (807 mAh g−1). Mit der Demonstration einer leistungsstarken, langlebigen Schwefelkathode, die in einem einfachen Eintopfverfahren hergestellt wurde, unterstreicht unsere Forschung das Potenzial mikroporöser Polymere bei der Lösung von Schwefeldiffusionsproblemen und ebnet den Weg für Schwefelelektroden als praktikable Alternative zu herkömmlichen Kathoden auf Metallbasis.
An n‐Type Open‐Shell Conjugated Polymer with High‐Spin Ground‐State and High Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Cai Houji , Tang Haoran , Wang Tianzuo , Xu Chenhui , Xie Juxuan , Fu Muyi , Luo Xi , Hu Zhengwei , Zhang Yi , Deng Yunfeng , Li Guangwu , Liu Chunchen , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOpen‐shell conjugated polymers with a high intrinsic conductivity and high‐spin ground state hold considerable promise for applications in organic electronics and spintronics. Herein, two novel acceptor‐acceptor (A–A) conjugated polymers based on a highly electron‐deficient quinoidal benzodifurandione unit have been developed, namely DPP‐BFDO‐Th and DPP‐BFDO. The incorporation of the quinoidal moiety into the polymers backbones enables deeply aligned lower‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of below −4.0 eV. Notably, DPP‐BFDO exhibits an exceptionally low LUMO (−4.63 eV) and a high‐spin ground state characterized by strong diradical characters. Moreover, a self‐doping through intermolecular charge‐transfer is observed for DPP‐BFDO, as evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The high carrier concentration in combination with a planar and linear conjugated backbone yields a remarkable electrical conductivity (σ) of 1.04 S cm−1 in the “undoped” native form, ranking among the highest values reported for n‐type radical‐based conjugated polymers. When employed as an n‐type thermoelectric material, DPP‐BFDO achieves a power factor of 12.59 μW m−1 K−2. Furthermore, upon n‐doping, the σ could be improved to 65.68 S cm−1. This study underscores the great potential of electron‐deficient quinoidal units in constructing dopant‐free n‐type conductive polymers with a high‐spin ground state and exceptional intrinsic conductivity.
Molecular Symmetry and Art: Visualizing the Near‐Symmetry of Molecules in Piet Mondrian's De Stijl
Authors: Kingsbury Christopher J. , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSymmetry and shape are essential aspects of molecular structure and how we interpret molecules and their properties. We, as chemists, are comfortable with pictorial representations of structure, in which some nuance is lost—investigating molecular shape numerically by looking at how closely it fits a reference, such as a plane, or a set of vectors or coordinates, is informative, though far from engaging. Often relationships between chemical structure and derived values are obscured. Taking our inspiration from Piet Mondrian's Compositions, we have depicted the symmetry information encoded within 3D data as blocks of color, to show clearly how chemical arguments and resultant molecular distortion may contribute to symmetry. Great art gives us a new perspective on the world; as a pastiche, this art may allow us to look at familiar molecules, such as porphyrins, in a new light, understanding how their shape and properties are intertwined.
Divalent Titanium via Reductive N−C Coupling of a TiIV Nitrido with π‐Acids
Authors: Bhunia Mrinal , Sandoval‐Pauker Christian , Fehn Dominik , Grant Lauren N. , Senthil Shuruthi , Gau Michael R. , Ozarowski Andrew , Krzystek J. , Telser Joshua , Pinter Balazs , Meyer Karsten , Mindiola Daniel J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe nitrido‐ate complex [(PN)2Ti(N){μ2‐K(OEt2)}]2 (1) (PN−=(N‐(2‐PiPr2‐4‐methylphenyl)‐2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) reductively couples CO and isocyanides in the presence of DME or cryptand (Kryptofix222), to form rare, five‐coordinate TiII complexes having a linear cumulene motif, [K(L)][(PN)2Ti(NCE)] (E=O, L=Kryptofix222, (2); E=NAd, L=3 DME, (3); E=NtBu, L=3 DME, (4); E=NAd, L=Kryptofix222, (5)). Oxidation of 2–5 with [Fc][OTf] afforded an isostructural TiIII center containing a neutral cumulene, [(PN)2Ti(NCE)] (E=O, (6); E=NAd (7), NtBu (8)) and characterization by CW X‐band EPR spectroscopy, revealed unpaired electron to be metal centric. Moreover, 1e− reduction of 6 and 7 in the presence of Kryptofix222cleanly reformed corresponding discrete TiII complexes 2 and 5, which were further characterized by solution magnetization measurements and high‐frequency and ‐field EPR (HFEPR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, oxidation of 7 with [Fc*][B(C6F5)4] resulted in a ligand disproportionated TiIV complex having transoid carbodiimides, [(PN)2Ti(NCNAd)2] (9). Comparison of spectroscopic, structural, and computational data for the divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent systems, including their 15N enriched isotopomers demonstrate these cumulenes to decrease in order of backbonding as TiII→TiIII→TiIV and increasing order of π‐donation as TiII→TiIII→TiIV, thus displaying more covalency in TiIII species. Lastly, we show a synthetic cycle whereby complex 1 can deliver an N‐atom to CO and CNAd.
One‐Pot Synthesis of High‐Capacity Sulfur Cathodes via In‐Situ Polymerization of a Porous Imine‐Based Polymer
Authors: Li Guiping , Liu Ye , Schultz Thorsten , Exner Moritz , Muydinov Ruslan , Wang Hui , Scheurell Kerstin , Huang Jieyang , Szymoniak Paulina , Pinna Nicola , Koch Norbert , Adelhelm Philipp , Bojdys Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries, essential for electronics and electric vehicles, predominantly use cathodes made from critical materials like cobalt. Sulfur‐based cathodes, offering a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1 and environmental advantages due to sulfur's abundance and lower toxicity, present a more sustainable alternative. However, state‐of‐the‐art sulfur‐based electrodes do not reach the theoretical capacities, mainly because conventional electrode production relies on mixing of components into weakly coordinated slurries. Consequently, sulfur‘s mobility leads to battery degradation—an effect known as the “sulfur‐shuttle”. This study introduces a solution by developing a microporous, covalently‐bonded, imine‐based polymer network grown in situ around sulfur particles on the current collector. The polymer network (i) enables selective transport of electrolyte and Li‐ions through pores of defined size, and (ii) acts as a robust host to retain the active component of the electrode (sulfur species). The resulting cathode has superior rate performance from 0.1 C (1360 mAh g−1) to 3 C (807 mAh g−1). Demonstrating a high‐performance, sustainable sulfur cathode produced via a simple one‐pot process, our research underlines the potential of microporous polymers in addressing sulfur diffusion issues, paving the way for sulfur electrodes as viable alternatives to traditional metal‐based cathodes.
Tuning Electron Delocalization of Redox‐Active Porous Aromatic Framework for Low‐Temperature Aqueous Zn−K Hybrid Batteries with Air Self‐Chargeability
Authors: Wang Junhao , Zhang Xupeng , Liu Zhaoli , Yu Jie , Wang Heng‐Guo , Wu Xing‐Long , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAir self‐charging aqueous batteries promise to integrate energy harvesting technology and battery systems, potentially overcoming a heavy reliance on energy and the spatiotemporal environment. However, the exploitation of multifunctional air self‐charging battery systems using promising cathode materials and suitable charge carriers remains challenging. Herein, for the first time, we developed low‐temperature self‐charging aqueous Zn−K hybrid ion batteries (AZKHBs) using a fully conjugated hexaazanonaphthalene (HATN)‐based porous aromatic framework as the cathode material, exhibiting redox chemistry using K+ as charge carriers, and regulating Zn‐ion solvation chemistry to guide uniform Zn plating/stripping. The unique AZKHBs exhibit the exceptional electrochemical properties in all‐climate conditions. Most importantly, the large potential difference causes the AZKHBs discharged cathode to be oxidized using oxygen, thereby initiating a self‐charging process in the absence of an external power source. Impressively, the air self‐charging AZKHBs can achieve a maximum voltage of 1.15 V, an impressive discharge capacity (466.3 mAh g−1), and exceptional self‐charging performance even at −40 °C. Therefore, the development of self‐charging AZKHBs offers a solution to the limitations imposed by the absence of a power grid in harsh environments or remote areas.
Achieving Near‐Unity Red Light Photoluminescence in Antimony Halide Crystals via Polyhedron Regulation
Authors: Liao Jin‐Feng , Zhang Zhipeng , Zhou Lei , Tang Zikang , Xing Guichuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExploration of efficient red emitting antimony hybrid halide with large Stokes shift and zero self‐absorption is highly desirable due to its enormous potential for applications in solid light emitting, and active optical waveguides. However, it is still challenging and rarely reported. Herein, a series of (TMS)2SbCl5 (TMS=triphenylsulfonium cation) crystals have been prepared with diverse [SbCl5]2− configurations and distinctive emission color. Among them, cubic‐phase (TMS)2SbCl5 shows bright red emission with a large Stokes shift of 312 nm. In contrast, monoclinic and orthorhombic (TMS)2SbCl5 crystals deliver efficient yellow and orange emission, respectively. Comprehensive structural investigations reveal that larger Stokes shift and longer‐wavelength emission of cubic (TMS)2SbCl5 can be attributed to the larger lattice volume and longer Sb⋅⋅⋅Sb distance, which favor sufficient structural aberration freedom at excited states. Together with robust stability, (TMS)2SbCl5 crystal family has been applied as optical waveguide with ultralow loss coefficient of 3.67 ⋅ 10−4 dB μm−1, and shows superior performance in white‐light emission and anti‐counterfeiting. In short, our study provides a novel and fundamental perspective to structure‐property‐application relationship of antimony hybrid halides, which will contribute to future rational design of high‐performance emissive metal halides.
3D Printing of Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems with Linear and Bottlebrush Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Jin Zichen , Seong Hong‐Gyu , Srivastava Satyam , McGlasson Alex , Emrick Todd , Muthukumar Murugappan , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe formed core–shell‐like polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) from an anionic bottlebrush polymer with poly (acrylic acid) side chains with a cationic linear poly (allylamine hydrochloride). By varying the pH, the number of side chains of the polyanionic BB polymers (Nbb), the charge density of the polyelectrolytes, and the salt concentration, the phase separation behavior and salt resistance of the complexes could be tuned by the conformation of the BBs. By combining the linear/bottlebrush polyelectrolyte complexation with all‐liquid 3D printing, flow‐through tubular constructs were produced that showed selective transport across the PEC membrane comprising the walls of the tubules. These tubular constructs afford a new platform for flow‐through delivery systems.
Unveiling the Pivotal Role of dx2−y2 Electronic States in Nickel‐Based Hydroxide Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Li Junhua , Wu Chao , Wang Zhen , Meng Haoyan , Zhang Qi , Tang Ying , Zou Anqi , Zhang Yiming , Zhong Haoyin , Xi Shibo , Xue Junmin , Wang Xiaopeng , Wu Jiagang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe anodic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) plays a crucial role in coupling with the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and enables the sustainable production of the high‐valued formate. Nickel‐based hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) as MOR electrocatalyst has attracted enormous attention. However, the key factor determining the intrinsic catalytic activity remains unknown, which significantly hinders the further development of Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst. Here, we found that the
electronic state within antibonding bands plays a decisive role in the whole MOR process. The onset potential depends on the deprotonation ability (Ni2+ to Ni3+), which was closely related to the band center of
orbital. The closer of
orbital to the Fermi level showed the stronger the deprotonation ability. Meanwhile, in the high potential region, the broadening of
orbital would facilitate the electron transfer from methanol to catalysts (Ni3+ to Ni2+), further enhancing the catalytic properties. Our work for the first time clarifies the intrinsic relationship between
electronic state and the MOR activities, which adds a new layer of understanding to the methanol electrooxidation research scene.