bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MECT1-MAML2 Fusion Transcript Defines a Favorable Subset of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Authors: Okabe Mitsukuni , Miyabe Satoru , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Terada Akihiro , Hanai Nobuhiro , Yokoi Motoo , Shimozato Kazuo , Eimoto Tadaaki , Nakamura Shigeo , Nagai Noriyuki , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Inagaki Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Purpose: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the salivary gland. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated gene 1-mastermind-like gene family (MECT1-MAML2) gene fusion was identified from a recurring t(11;19)(q21;p13) translocation, which is often the sole cytogenetic alteration in this disease. This fusion transcript has been frequently detected in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and shown to be involved in the transformation of epithelial cells. However, its clinicopathologic significance remains unclear.
Experimental Design: Seventy-one cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 51 cases of nonmucoepidermoid carcinoma salivary gland tumors (including 26 Warthin tumor cases) were retrospectively analyzed. RNA was extracted from archival materials: histologic paraffin specimens in all cases and cytologic specimens in 10 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases. The MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript was detected by a reverse transcription-PCR assay, which can be applied to both histologic and cytologic specimens. The presence of the fusion transcript was correlated with relevant clinicopathologic and survival data of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients.
Results: The MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript was detected in 27 of the 71 (38%) mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases but not in any case of nonmucoepidermoid carcinoma tumors. The reverse transcription-PCR results showed no difference between histologic and cytologic specimens. Detection of the MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript was associated with a less advanced clinical stage and a low-grade tumor histology. The presence of the transcript was associated with longer disease-free and overall survivals on univariate analysis and emerged as an independent prognostic factor for longer overall survival on multivariate analysis.
Conclusions: The MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript may be specific to mucoepidermoid carcinoma and associated with a distinct mucoepidermoid carcinoma subset that exhibits favorable clinicopathologic features and an indolent clinical course.
Roles of nonhomologous end-joining pathways in surviving topoisomerase II–mediated DNA damage
Authors: Malik Mobeen , Nitiss Karin C. , Enriquez-Rios Vanessa , Nitiss John L. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Topoisomerase II is a target for clinically active anticancer drugs. Drugs targeting these enzymes act by preventing the religation of enzyme-DNA covalent complexes leading to protein-DNA adducts that include single- and double-strand breaks. In mammalian cells, nonhomologous repair pathways are critical for repairing topoisomerase II–mediated DNA damage. Because topoisomerase II–targeting agents, such as etoposide, can also induce chromosomal translocations that can lead to secondary malignancies, understanding nonhomologous repair of topoisomerase II–mediated DNA damage may help to define strategies that limit this critical side effect on an important class of anticancer agents. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryote, we have determined the contribution of genes required for nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) for repairing DNA damage arising from treatment with topoisomerase II poisons, such as etoposide and 4′-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (mAMSA). To increase cellular sensitivity to topoisomerase II poisons, we overexpressed either wild-type or drug-hypersensitive alleles of yeast topoisomerase II. Using this approach, we found that yku70 (hdf1), yku80 (hdf2), and other genes required for NHEJ were important for cell survival following exposure to etoposide. The clearest increase in sensitivity was observed with cells overexpressing an etoposide-hypersensitive allele of TOP2 (Ser740Trp). Hypersensitivity was also seen in some end-joining defective mutants exposed to the intercalating agent mAMSA, although the increase in sensitivity was less pronounced. To confirm that the increase in sensitivity was not solely due to the elevated expression of TOP2 or due to specific effects of the drug-hypersensitive TOP2 alleles, we also found that deletion of genes required for NHEJ increased the sensitivity of rad52 deletions to both etoposide and mAMSA. Taken together, these results show a clear role for NHEJ in the repair of DNA damage induced by topoisomerase II–targeting agents and suggest that this pathway may participate in translocations generated by drugs, such as etoposide. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(6):1405–14]
β-Escin inhibits colonic aberrant crypt foci formation in rats and regulates the cell cycle growth by inducing p21waf1/cip1 in colon cancer cells
Authors: Patlolla Jagan M.R. , Raju Jayadev , Swamy Malisetty V. , Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractExtracts of Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut) seed have been used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, edema, and hemorrhoids. Most of the beneficial effects of horse chestnut are attributed to its principal component β-escin or aescin. Recent studies suggest that β-escin may possess anti-inflammatory, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-histamine properties. We have evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of dietary β-escin on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). In addition, we analyzed the cell growth inhibitory effects and the induction of apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. To evaluate the inhibitory properties of β-escin on colonic ACF, 7-week-old male F344 rats were fed experimental diets containing 0%, 0.025%, or 0.05% β-escin. After 1 week, the rats received s.c. injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight, once weekly for 2 weeks) or an equal volume of normal saline (vehicle). Rats were continued on respective experimental diets and sacrificed 8 weeks after the azoxymethane treatment. Colons were evaluated histopathologically for ACF. Administration of dietary 0.025% and 0.05% β-escin significantly suppressed total colonic ACF formation up to ∼40% (P &lt; 0.001) and ∼50% (P &lt; 0.0001), respectively, when compared with control diet group. Importantly, rats fed β-escin showed dose-dependent inhibition (∼49% to 65%, P &lt; 0.0001) of foci containing four or more aberrant crypts. To understand the growth inhibitory effects, HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell lines were treated with various concentrations of β-escin and analyzed by flow cytometry for apoptosis and cell cycle progression. β-Escin treatment in HT-29 cells induced growth arrest at the G1-S phase, which was associated with the induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, and this correlated with reduced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Results also indicate that β-escin inhibited growth of colon cancer cells with either wild-type or mutant p53. This novel feature of β-escin, a triterpene saponin, may be a useful candidate agent for colon cancer chemoprevention and treatment. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(6):1459–66]
Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the endothelin axis and downstream signaling pathways in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Spinella Francesca , Rosanò Laura , Di Castro Valeriana , Decandia Samantha , Albini Adriana , Nicotra Maria Rita , Natali Pier Giorgio , Bagnato Anna 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal mediator of the green tea, has been known to possess antitumor effect. The endothelin A receptor (ETAR)/endothelin-1 (ET-1) axis is overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma representing a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we examined the green tea and EGCG effects on two ovarian carcinoma cell lines, HEY and OVCA 433. EGCG inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis that was associated with a decrease in Bcl-XL expression and activation of caspase-3. Treatment with green tea or EGCG inhibited ETAR and ET-1 expression and reduced the basal and ET-1-induced cell proliferation and invasion. The EGCG-induced inhibitory effects were associated with a decrease of ETAR-dependent activation of the p42/p44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Remarkably, EGCG treatment resulted in a lowering of basal and ET-1-induced angiogenesis and invasiveness mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor proteinase activation. Finally, in HEY ovarian carcinoma xenografts, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by oral administration of green tea. This effect was associated with a reduction in ET-1, ETAR, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, microvessel density, and proliferation index. These results provide a novel insight into the mechanism by which EGCG, affecting multiple ETAR-dependent pathways, may inhibit ovarian carcinoma growth, suggesting that EGCG may be useful in preventing and treating ovarian carcinoma in which ETAR activation by ET-1 plays a critical role in tumor growth and progression. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(6):1483–92]
Synergistic induction of apoptosis in human leukemia T cells by the Akt inhibitor perifosine and etoposide through activation of intrinsic and Fas-mediated extrinsic cell death pathways
Authors: Nyåkern Maria , Cappellini Alessandra , Mantovani Irina , Martelli Alberto M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPerifosine is an Akt inhibitor displaying strong antineoplastic effects in human tumor cell lines and is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials for treatment of major human cancers. Several recent studies showed the apoptotic effect of perifosine alone or in combination with other anticancer agents. However, this is the first study describing the effects of combining perifosine with the commonly used chemotherapy drug etoposide in cultured human Jurkat T-leukemia cells. Low concentrations of perifosine (5 μmol/L) induced cell death in a synergistic fashion with etoposide if used simultaneously or immediately following exposure to etoposide (posttreatment). The increase in cell death seems to be due to an inactivation of the Akt survival pathway, where treated cells showed a complete dephosphorylation of Akt. Moreover, combined drug-induced Akt deactivation was associated with a parallel decrease in phosphorylation of FoxO1 transcription factor and in expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL. Furthermore, the increase in cell death was associated with a specific activation of the caspase-dependent Fas death receptor pathway. These findings might be useful when designing clinical trials where chemotherapy is combined with perifosine for a potential broad use against hematologic malignancies in which the Akt survival pathway is frequently activated. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(6):1559–70]
A Study of Predictable Patterns for Seasonal Forecasting of New Zealand Rainfall
Authors: Zheng Xiaogu , Frederiksen Carsten S. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A recently developed variance decomposition approach is applied to study the causes of the predictability of New Zealand seasonal mean rainfall. In terms of predictability, the Southern Oscillation is identified as being the most important cause of variability for both the winter and summer New Zealand rainfall, especially for the North Island. Indian Ocean sea surface temperature variability and the Southern Hemisphere annular mode are the second most important causes of variability for winter and summer rainfall, respectively.
Based on this study, a statistical prediction scheme has been developed. May Niño-3 (5°N–5°S, 150°–90°W) SSTs and March–May (MAM) central Indian Ocean SSTs are identified as being the most important predictors for the winter rainfall, while September–November (SON) Niño-3 SSTs, November local New Zealand SSTs, and the SON Southern Hemisphere annular mode index are the most important predictors for the summer rainfall. The predictive skill, in term of the percentage explained variance for the verification period (1993–2000) is nearly 20%, which is considerably higher than that achieved previously.
The β-Silicon Effect. II. Substituent Effects on the Solvolysis of 1-Aryl-2-(aryldimethylsilyl)ethyl 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates
Authors: Fujio Mizue , Umezaki Yuzo , Alam Md Ashadul , Kikukawa Kiyoshi , Fujiyama Ryoji , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solvolysis rates of 2-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-1-(Y-phenyl)ethyl 3,5-dinitrobenzoates were determined conductimetrically in 60% (v/v) aqueous ethanol. In order to clarify the nature of the β-Si participation quantitatively, the effects of α-aryl substituents on the rates were analyzed by means of the Yukawa–Tsuno Eq. The α-aryl (Y)-substituent effect at 25 °C was correlated with r 1.0 and ρ = −3.0, which is significantly reduced compared with that of −5.45 for the non-silylated 1-arylethyl system. There is a linear relationship between logkY/kH of silylated and non-silylated substrates: log(kY/kH)Si = 0.52log(kY/kH)non-Si. This is the same form as the extended Brønsted relationship. The Brønsted coefficient α = 0.52 appeared to be consistent with the neighboring silyl-participation in the silyl-bridged transition state.
Stability of Complexes of Phenylacetylides and Benzyl Alkoxides with Methanol in the Gas Phase. Acid–Base Correlation in the Ionic Hydrogen-Bond Strength
Authors: Mustanir  , Matsuoka Mio , Mishima Masaaki , Koch Heinz 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermodynamic stabilities of methanol-bound phenylacetylides and benzyl alkoxides were determined using a FT-ICR mass spectrometer. The complexation energies between anions and methanol were evaluated from the thermochemical cycle. The complexation energy decreases linearly with increasing acidity of the conjugate acid of an anion, giving slopes of 0.54 and 0.61 for phenylacetylide– and benzyl alkoxide–methanol complexes, respectively. These results show that the linear relationship between the complexation energy and acid–base energetics appears to be a general property in the anion–neutral molecule complexes, but the magnitude of the slope of the linear relationships is not simply related to the structure of the hydrogen-bonded complexes.
Estimated Net Costs of P.L. 480 Food Aid with Three Alternative U. S. Farm Programs
Authors: Mayer Leo V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractExports under P.L. 480 programs have become an established part of total demand for U.S. form output. Prices charged for commodities have varied with changing supply and demand conditions, but more recently terms of trade are being shifted in favor of the U.S. These changed terms of trade come at the same time the U.S. government is incurring increased costs for land diversion programs. This article reports research which simultaneously analyzes the two government programs, land diversion and P.L. 480 demand expansion, and provides estimates of the net cost per unit for specific commodities with three alternative land retirement programs.
Michigan Food Stamp Program: A Partial Analysis of Performance
Authors: Nelson Paul E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractModels were developed and applied to explain the sources of flow of participants into the Michigan Food Stamp Program and to determine if the program influenced participants in their choice of store for purchasing food with their stamps. Subsidiary questions considered were the determination of the contribution to total sales tax receipts of participating counties which might be attributed to purchases where payments were made with food stamps and the extent to which the food stamp program might have determined where participants purchased their groceries.
Returns and Risks of Expanding Pennsylvania Dairy Farms with Different Levels of Equity
Authors: Hinman H. R. , Hutton R. F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn accepted theory of farm firm behavior was incorporated into an abstract computerized simulation model to evaluate the returns and risks involved to Pennsylvania dairy farm firms expanding at different levels of equity. In addition, management efficiency was treated as a parameter to test for interaction of the policies and situations with this characteristic. The base of the analysis was a dairy farm situation having crop yields and production levels approximating that of an efficient Central Pennsylvania farm. The variations and trends in yield, production, and price were intended to approximate those experienced by Pennsylvania farmers during the previous ten years. Under the given environmental and economic assumptions, the results of this study strongly indicated that the payoff for taking the risk of thinning equity below present conventional levels during farm expansion is quite high in most situations.
Summing Components of Real Capital Gains
Authors: Huff H. B. , MacAulay T. G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe rationale for using homogenous categories of assets for estimating capital gains in agriculture has not been fully recognized. Data from two recent studies illustrate the sizeable discrepancies between summing regional versus national aggregate capital gains estimates. In addition, information is generated about regional disparities in distribution of capital gains.
Economics of Technical Change in Wheat Production in the Indian Punjab
Authors: Sidhu Surjit S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA quantitative assessment of the “green revolution” associated with Mexican varieties of wheat in the Indian Punjab is attempted as alternative to the usual impressionistic assessments. Results indicate that the technical change has been cost‐saving and has not been strongly biased in either a labor‐saving or a capital‐saving direction. Wheat production experienced a favorable cost curve shift on the order of about 16 percent. Input demands per acre increased by about 25 percent. Increased capitalized land values lead to inferences about income distribution and constitute a source for reinvestments designed to maintain the momentum of the “green revolution.”
Supply Response and Marketing Strategies for Deciduous Crops
Authors: Baritelle John L. , Price David W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRecent surveys show large increases in Washington apple tree plantings. When these plantings come into production, prices received by growers are expected to be below production costs. A simulation model combining supply, demand, and random weather variables was used to compare future returns and production variables of present fresh‐processing allocation policies with alternative policies. The discriminating monopolist policies produced higher discounted revenues, more stable prices, and greater production and tree numbers during the 1972–1981 period than present policies. Thus, the monopolist short‐run increase in returns over the present policy was prevalent after accounting for supply response.
Food Demand Matrix in an Approximate Linear Expenditure System
Authors: Sasaki Kozo , Saegusa Yoshikiyo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe demand system or matrix for food commodities and commodity groups in Japan is constructed. A demand matrix is obtained by an alternative version of the linear expenditure system, implying a practical and convenient approximation to Powell's system. Indicators of goodness of fit are quite high for the system developed.
Changes in Industries Located in the Nonmetropolitan South, 1959–1969
Authors: Till Thomas E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSouthern counties more than 50 miles from an SMSA experienced nonfarm job growth in the 1960's. Manufacturing jobs, especially in electrical equipment, transportation equipment, chemicals, and furniture industries shifted more toward nonmetro locations. Consequently, the Southern nonmetro industry mix was not solely of the lowest‐wage and most labor‐intensive components.
First‐Best and Second‐Best Policies of Pricing an Imported Input: The Case of Fertilizer in Taiwan, 1950–1966
Authors: Hsu Robert C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUnder a government‐peasant fertilizer‐rice barter system in Taiwan, the use of chemical fertilizer is heavily taxed through a high fertilizer‐rice exchange ratio. Important economic gains can be realized if the government lowers the tax on fertilizer input and raises, if necessary, the tax on rice output instead.
The Measurement of Economic Uncertainty in Public Water Resource Development
Authors: Taylor Bernard W. , North Ronald M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe existing benefit‐cost criteria for evaluating water resource projects are deterministic and therefore incomplete, since the uncertainty inherent in project outcomes is not considered. A Monte‐Carlo simulation approach is used to generate a mean and standard deviation for the benefits, costs, benefit‐cost ratio, and net present value for the controversial Spewrell Bluff Project. Subjective estimates defining probability distributions of project benefits and costs were obtained from the Corps of Engineers. A project selection process that includes probability considerations in the benefit‐cost criteria is recommended and several approaches for including uncertainty as a variable are suggested.
Prices, Farm Outputs, and Income Projections under Alternative Assumed Demand and Supply Conditions
Authors: Yeh Chung J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA two‐equation aggregate demand and supply simulation model with Koyck‐type geometrically distributed lags is used to examine the impacts of alternative demand and supply shifts on aggregate farm output, prices, and income. Impacts of inflation on important farm sector indicators are also examined. Projected solutions to 1985 indicate that strong demand shifts are needed to maintain a favorable level of prices and farm incomes. Results further suggest that the U.S. farm sector is particularly sensitive to unexpected changes or shifts in demand, and supply and prolonged inflation in the general economy.
Improving Estimates of Economic Parameters by Use of Ridge Regression with Production Function Applications
Authors: Brown William G. , Beattie Bruce R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRidge regression is a promising alternative to deletion of relevant variables for alleviating multicollinearity and can provide smaller mean square error estimates than unbiased methods such as OLS. However, ridge estimates can also be unreliable and misleading under certain conditions. To avoid erroneous conclusions from ridge regression, some prior knowledge about the true regression coefficients is helpful. A theorem on expected bias implies that ridge regression will give much better results for some economic models, such as certain production functions, than for others because of smaller expected bias.
Effect of a Controlled Price Increase on School Lunch Participation: Pittsburgh 1973
Authors: Braley George A. , Nelson Paul E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDirect price elasticities of demand were computed for fully paying students who participated in the National School Lunch Program. For the first time, cross elasticities were computed for recipients of free, hot, Type A lunches. Results are related to earlier findings. Some methodological and program related constraints and implications are presented.
A Health Care Systems Model for Nonmetropolitan Areas
Authors: Dunn James W. , Doeksen Gerald A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA health systems model allowing analysis of multiple services including spatial and monetary considerations is presented. Several behaviorally reasonable objective functions reflecting possible goals of the health planner are minimized using mixed integer linear programming. Under the different objective functions, the values of these functions increased little from their optimal value. Sensitivity analysis showed the solution to be quite sensitive to assumptions about migration and treatment practices while birth rates and travel costs have less impact. Use of the model is aided by health planners' use of data at their disposal.