bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of neoplastic cells following prophylaxis of radiation‐induced mouse leukaemia
Authors: Ilbery P. L. T. , Barnes C. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytogenetic details of 57 primary radiation‐induced leukaemias, occurring after post‐radiation cell supplementation, are recorded. Over 90% showed the presence of abnormal classes and clones as defined. The incidence of leukaemia (about 70%) following the leukaemogenic schedule of irradiation was lowered by grafts of bone marrow or foetal liver but not abolished. The incidence of leukaemia was also lowered by intravenously supplemented foetal thymus but by no other thymic or lymphoid post‐radiation treatment. Even massive lymphoid grafting after each fraction of radiation and lymph‐node grafting beneath the renal capsule were ineffective. All the cases of leukaemia which did occur, with one possible exception, were in irradiated cells as shown by cytogenetic examination after grafting with cells suitably labelled chromosomally. The finding is in contrast to the frequent occurrence of neoplasia in cell lines from unirradiated thymic grafts after thymectomy and the same fractionated radiation schedule. Although the thymus is necessary for the supervention of this type of radiation‐induced leukaemia, it is not necessary for it to have received irradiation. Thymic cells in association with irradiated bone‐marrow cells colonizing this organ become neoplastic but non‐irradiated bone‐marrow cells colonizing an irradiated thymus are not rendered neoplastic and indeed have an inhibitory effect on the incidence of leukaemia. In four out of 28 (C57BL × CBA.T6T6)F1 leukaemias abnormal chromosomes not distinguishable from the marker were seen drawing attention, together with presumed loss of the marker in another leukaemia, to the frequency of non‐disjunction for this chromosome.
The distribution of the mouse mammary tumor agent and its antigenicity in milk
Authors: Miroff George , Lamberson Harold V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInbred mice with a propensity for mammary tumor development contain the mammary tumor agent and a specific soluble antigen in their milk. These were found in approximately equal proportions in both the supernatant and the pellet after ultracentrifugation. Over 90% of the agent and the highest antigen titer were located in a density range of 1.06–1.075 in ficoll density gradients. The low tumorigenic potential and the antigenicity of the B particle band (p = 1.12) remained with the particles after removal of proteinaceous contaminant by gel filtration. The immunogen from the upper portion (p = 1.06–1.075) of ficoll gradients appears to aggregate when concentrated and eluted from gel filtration columns. The tumorigenic material isolated from ECTEOLA and carboxymethylcellulose chromatographic columns does not show a high positive correlation with the distribution of the virus‐like B particles, which was consistent with the finding that the agent was concentrated in a narrow region with an average density of 1.28 in cesium chloride density gradients. The antigen associated with B particles and the lower molecular weight active component are immunologically identical.
Colony inhibition studies on blocking and non‐blocking serum effects on cellular immunity to moloney sarcomas
Authors: Hellström Ingegerd , Hellström Karl Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMoloney‐virus‐induced sarcomas, originating in BALB/c and A/Sn mice, were studied with the colony inhibition (CI) assay. Mice inoculated with the virus as adults developed tumors which spontaneously regressed (regressors) while mice inoculated with the same virus dose at an age of 21 days or less died from progressively growing tumors (progressors).Serum from progressors blocked the colony inhibitory effect of lymph‐node cells (LNC) from the regressors. Serum from mice inoculated with the virus as adults had a similar blocking effect as long as the mice carried progressively growing tumors, but it did not block the LNC effect when harvested at the onset of regression or after its completion. When regressor sera were mixed with progressor sera the blocking effect of the latter decreased.
Studies on the rescue of a defective msv genome using leukemogenic viruses from different sources
Authors: Ting R. C. , Law L. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vivo rescue of a defective MSV genome from isolated cells of the rat neoplasm MSB‐1 was achieved by simple and direct methods: (1) by mixing of tissue‐culture‐grown MSB‐1 cells with tissue extracts or with leukemogenic virus preparations prior to intramuscular inoculations into neonatal mice; and (2) by direct inoculations of these cells into neonatal or older mice previously infected with leukemogenic viruses or infected with vertically transmitted virus. Serial in vivo transfers of the rescued pseudotype viruses MSV (MLV) and MSV(RLV) were accomplished with ease but difficulty was experienced with those pseudotype viruses rescued with leukemogenic viruses of the Gross type, MSV (GLV) from C58, C3Hf/Fg and SJL strain leukemic mice; MSV (RadLV) rescued through the use of extracts from X‐ray‐induced leukemias of C57BL/Ka mice behaved in a similar manner to the MSV(GLV) pseudotype viruses. When tumor induction occurred, the lesions were of similar morphology no matter what the pseudotype virus inoculated and were classified as “atypical”; granulomas.
Immunodiffusion studies of eb virus (herpes‐type virus)‐infected and ‐ uninfected hemic cell lines
Authors: Stevens David A. , Pry Thomas W. , Blackham Elizabeth A. , Manaker Robert A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunodiffusion testing of cellular antigen extracts from herpes‐type virus (HTV, EBV)‐infected and ‐uninfected cell cultures is described. The techniques, as used previously in seroepidemiologic studies, are known to be sensitive and comparable to other immunological methods for testing EBV antigen‐antibody reactions. They also appear to be virus‐specific, but possess the unique advantages of immunodiffusion resolution. Antigen preparations from four EBV‐infected cell lines, derived from different tissues, different diseases and different continents, demonstrated three identical antigenic components with selected reactive sera, and a fifth contained at least one of these. These cell lines also demonstrate the greatest number of virus‐infected cells by immunofluorescence or electron microscopy. Preparations from nine other less infected or uninfected cell lines and eight primary tissue specimens did not react in immunodiffusion or, in at least two instances, contained different antigenic components than the previous cell lines. The latter observation suggests there are other precipitating antibody‐antigen systems in these cell lines. Other information concerning the properties of the reactive components of the preparations is presented. By these immunodiffusion methods, herpes‐type viruses isolated from different sources appear to be immunologically identical.
The viability and capacity for further division, following tripolar mitosis, of cells of a murine ascites carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Roberts D. C. , Cole Glynda E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper records the viability and capacity for further mitosis in vitro of cells of an ascites subline of a naturally‐occurring murine epithelioma following their rare tripolar mitosis. Under the conditions of these experiments it was found that the cells resulting from tripolar mitosis could be uninuclear cells only, one uninuclear and one binuclear cell, or a single trinuclear cell depending upon the degree of success of cytoplasmic cleavage. When uninuclear daughters only were formed, they were not seen to divide further. When one uninuclear and one binuclear cell were formed, the uninuclear daughter was seen to divide further, apparently normally, up to a maximum of six further cell generations, while the binuclear cell could form two uninuclear cells at its next mitosis which were themselves seen to divide, apparently normally, for up to two further cell generations.In addition, cells underwent complex sequences of variance involving bipolar and tripolar mitosis, the resulting cells of which were usually viable and might, in some cases, be seen to undergo further, apparently normal, mitosis. It is proposed that these mechanisms lead to viable heteroploid cells in a tumour‐cell population, and the relevance of these findings to the initiation of new stem cell lines is briefly discussed.
Bladder tumours and smoking
Authors: Anthony Honor M. , Thomas Gretta M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe smoking habits of 381 male bladder tumour patients, 412 lung cancer patients and 275 surgical controls were compared. The association between current cigarette smoking and lung cancer was demonstrated but no clear association was shown between smoking and bladder cancer. The data are compatible with a weak relationship with substantial current cigarette smoking only, as in other studies, but could also be consistent with a stronger association masked by some other carcinogenic hazard. The data strongly suggest that the prognosis of the original bladder tumour or of recurrences was worse in those who continued to smoke than in non‐ and ex‐smokers.
Report of the working group on inhalation carcinogenesis, with special reference to cigarette smoke
Authors: Tannenbaum A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe working party served to bring together for 3 days a number of people who were either actually engaged in the field of inhalation carcinogenesis or in pertinent related areas. Sufficient time was available for an open, frank discussion of the problems and pitfalls, the design of equipment for exposing animals to fresh cigarette smoke, and the suitability of various species for bioassay of cigarette smoke.
Alkylation of the dna of sensitive and resistant tumours by a nitrogen mustard derivative
Authors: Connors T. A. , Double J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concentration of 3H‐aniline mustard in two tumour lines has been measured and the level of binding of the drug to DNA followed for 48 hours after intraperitoneal injection. Although the two tumour lines differ a hundred‐fold in their sensitivity to this alkylating agent, no good correlation was found between the levels of alkylation of DNA or the rate of removal of drug from DNA and the sensitivity of the tumour to the agent, although 24 hours after administration of the agent the label was removed from the DNA of the resistant tumour at an unexpectedly high rate.
A study of nitrosamines and S‐carboxyl derivatives of cysteine as lung carcinogens in adult SWR mice
Authors: Mirvish S. S. , Kaufman Louise 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour nitrosamines were tested as lung carcinogens in SWR mice, and the results were compared with those obtained for urethan. In general, two doses were injected intraperitoneally into adult mice. Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were about as highly active as urethan at the doses used. Although the molar dose for DMN was one‐seventh of that for DEN, DMN produced the greater effect. In contrast, for liver carcinogenesis in the rat, DEN is known to be at least as potent on a molar basis as DMN. Nitrosopiperidine and di ‐n‐butylnitrosamine showed border‐line activities.Similar tests were performed on the urethan metabolite N‐acetyl‐S‐carbethoxy‐cysteine (which was prepared crystalline for the first time) and the related compounds, S‐carbamylcysteine and S‐carbobenzyloxycysteine. Negative results were obtained, indicating that the S‐carbethoxy compound is not a proximal carcinogenic metabolite of urethan.
Demonstration of two group‐specific TSTAs in adenovirus‐induced tumors
Authors: Ankerst Jaro , Sjögren Hans O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfection of mice and rats with any one of five tested human adenovirus types belonging to groups A and B (types 3, 7, 12, 18 and 31) induced an immunity to the TSTAs of type 12 tumors as detected by the colony inhibition (CI) test. No immunity was found against an adenovirus type 1 tumor. Two adenovirus types belonging to group C (types 1 and 5) were similarly tested and found to induce a clear‐cut immunity to the adenovirus type 1 tumor but not to tumors induced by adenovirus of groups A and B. The only tested virus type of group D (type 4) did not induce any clear‐cut immunity to either adenovirus 12 tumors or the adenovirus 1 tumor. Immunization of rats with rat adenovirus 12 tumor cells induced a cellular immunity to adenovirus 12 mouse tumor cells but not to a mouse polyoma tumor. Adenovirus 1 rat tumor cells induced no such immunity. Immunization of rats with syngenic adenovirus 12 tumor cells induced a cellular immunity to adenovirus 12 rat and mouse tumors and an adenovirus 7 hamster tumor, but not to an adenovirus 1 rat tumor or BHK‐C13 control hamster cells. The result of a tumor prevention experiment is consistent with the existence of a common TSTA induced by types 7 and 12 and a different TSTA induced by type 5 virus. It is concluded that the highly oncogenic group A and the weakly oncogenic group B adeno virus types all induce a common TSTA. Another TSTA is induced by the group C viruses, while no evidence has been obtained for the existence of any TSTA induced by a group D virus type.
Rous sarcoma recurrence and Rous sarcoma virus growth in chicken muscle
Authors: Dinowitz Marshall , Rabin Harvey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollowing Rous sarcoma virus (RSV‐Bryan standard strain) infection and tumor regression in chickens, tumors recurred in 3 of 6 chickens after contralateral inoculation of 105 of RSV. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of tumor recurrence, chickens which had recovered from RSV infection were inoculated at the regression site with Rous associated virus (RAV). Tumors recurred in one‐third of those chickens that received three bi‐weekly RAV injections and in one chicken that received only a single RAV injection. The tumors re‐appeared from 6 to 19 weeks after regression of the original tumors and within 4 weeks of the last RAV challenge. RSV was recovered from cultures of a recurring tumor as well as from a wing that developed subcutaneous blistering following RAV inoculations. RSV was also obtained from 40% of “recovered” wing muscles explanted in tissue culture up to 3 months after regression. In addition, RSV was isolated from a tumor that recurred in one of 12 recovered chickens inoculated with Freund's adjuvant.In an attempt to determine if ageing of muscle contributed to resistance to infection and suppression of tumor recurrence, wings of 5‐week‐old and 12‐week‐old chickens were infected with RSV and RAV, or RAV alone. RSV and RAV were recovered from most muscles explanted 48 h or more after RSV infection of 5‐week‐old chickens. However, when muscles from 12‐week‐old chickens were explanted 4 days after infection, very little RSV was recovered, although most of the RAV‐infected wings produced RAV in culture. This suggests that RAV growth in older muscles is probably not the limiting factor in RSV growth.The relationship between various factors involved in resistance to tumor development and tumor recurrence in chickens recovering from RSV infections is discussed.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). I. Types of cultures derived from tumour biopsies and non‐tumorous tissues of chinese patients with special reference to lymphoblastoid transformation
Authors: de‐Thé G. , Ho H. C. , Kwan H. C. , Desgranges C. , Favre M. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiopsy specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from Chinese patients were sent from Hong Kong to Lyons and cultured in vitro. Four different types of culture were obtained: 1) epithelial growth of short duration (4 to 12 weeks) and limited extent around the explants; 2) early lymphocytic production (ELP) which lasted for 1 to 3 weeks; 3) fibroblastic cultures (either as primary or secondary to the epithelial growth); 4) “lymphoblastoid transformation” which occurred in 28% of the cultures and resulted in the establishment of long‐term free‐floating cell‐lines. A few of these lines were intermittently dependent on the presence of fibroblasts during crises, while most of them were entirely independent.Biopsy specimens from head and neck tumours other than NPC, from hypertrophied and inflamed tonsils removed from children, and from apparently tumour‐free nasopharyngeal mucosa gave rise to a similar spectrum of cultures, including the establishment of long‐term lymphoblastoid cultures.The various lines thus obtained exhibited the presence of a herpes‐type virus (HTV). It is proposed that the establishment of permanent lymphoblastoid lines is caused by the presence, in the original material, of an HTV having “transforming” properties. The significance of these results and the nature of the serological association between NPC and HTV are discussed.
Transformation of human cells by polyoma and rous sarcoma viruses mediated by inactivated sendai virus
Authors: Shevliaghyn V. J. , Karazas N. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransformation of embryonic human fibroblasts was obtained by treatment with inactivated Sendai virus and polyoma virus. Transformed cells differed morphologically from normal cells and formed a stable cell line (P‐2). A stable transformed cell line (23) was also formed after absorption of Rous sarcoma virus (Schmidt‐Ruppin strain) and inactivated Sendai virus on the embryonic human fibroblasts.Cell line P‐2 and cell line 23 contained a human chromosome set, although some karyological abnormalities were apparent.The cell lines P‐2 and 23 showed some characteristics of malignant cells growing in vitro (ability to multiply when suspended in semi‐solid medium and to form tumours in the cheek pouches and brains of golden hamsters). The potent transforming factor (s) was/were synthesized by these cells. The transforming factors had some properties identical to those of polyoma or Rous viruses and caused rapid transformation of embryonic mouse and human cells growing in vitro.Foci of epithelioid cells appeared in human embryonic fibroblasts after the absorption of human adenovirus type 12 and inactivated Sendai virus.
Malignancy, electrophoretic mobilities and sialic acids at the electrokinetic surface of TA3 cells
Authors: Weiss L. , Hauschka T. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of incubation with neuraminidase on the electrophoretic mobilities of TA3 mouse ascites carcinoma cells was investigated. TA3 cells characterized by extreme karyotypic stability and uniform lethality for all mouse strains (LD100 <3,000 cells) were procured from six different strains of mice at the same stage of tumour growth and were compared. Despite significant differences in “malignancy”, depending on the iso‐immune gap between tumour and host and assessed by survival times, there was no corresponding difference in electrophoretic mobility and/or the density of sialic acids at the electrokinetic surfaces of the cancer cells. Therefore, in this system, the net negative charge at the surface of the individual cancer cell bears no functional relation to degree of malignancy, as has been speculated for tumours in general.
Immunological studies on mouse mammary tumors. V. Chemical analysis of further purified tumorspecific antigen of mouse mammary tumor
Authors: Irie Reiko Furuse , Kataoka Tateshi , Mitsui Hiromi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe tumor‐specific antigen present in mouse mammary tumor MM102 was further purified by 75% ethanol (EtOH Ag fraction) and its biological activity and chemical composition were analysed. Recovery of the antigenic activity was 25%, and the antigenic activity was found to be purified 22‐fold on a dry‐weight basis. This fraction inhibited the cytotoxic activity of the tumor‐specific antiserum (RMS), and induced heightened resistance against MM102 in syngeneic C3H/He mice. Chemical analysis of the lyophilized EtOH Ag fraction showed that it was composed of 11.7% protein, 83.3% lipid, 0.35% sugar, and 3.9% RNA. Lipid analysis showed that the ratio between phospholipid and neutral lipid in lipid moiety was 44:56 and the content of sphingomyelin in phospholipid was 19.3%. On the basis of these lipid analyses the possibility that the antigenic material might be extracted from plasma membrane is discussed.
The growth capacity of normal and Rous‐virus‐transformed chicken fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Pontén Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proliferation dynamics of chicken embryo cells after transformation by Rous sarcoma virus, Schmidt‐Ruppin strain (RSV‐SR) has been investigated in vitro. The optimal schedule for serial cultivation for normal as well as transformed cells was to subcultivate the cells every third day using an inoculum of 50 X 104 cells per cm2 culture vessel area. Normal cells could be carried between 20–27 passages before they were lost in a degenerative phase similar to that described for normal human and other fibroblast‐like cells (Hayflick and Moorhead, 1961). The cumulative number of cells from a second passage inoculum of 2 × 106 cells varied between 109 and 1012. RSV‐SR transformed cells differed from normal cells in showing a decrease of the average population doubling time from 21 to 15 h and a two‐fold increase of their maximal terminal cell density. The life‐span of the RSV‐transformed populations was reduced to about 50% of the number of passages obtained by normal cells. The net result was a decrease of the cumulative cell number after transformation by RSV‐SR. No established RSV‐transformed or ‐untransformed lines could be developed.When RSV‐SR‐transformed cells of one sex were cocultivated with normal cells of the opposite sex a rapid transformation of the latter was observed. The proportion of dividing cells belonging to the originally transformed population gradually diminished until the cultures were completely dominated by freshly transformed cells.The results fit a previous hypothesis on the growth mechanism of avian Rous sarcoma (Pontén, 1964). RSV induces a change which enables the cell to proliferate at a faster than normal rate, to grow in an irregular manner in vitro, to reach higher than normal local densities in vitro and to invade surrounding normal tissues in vivo. None of these properties is permanent and the transformed or neoplastic cell populations will have a reduced total life span compared to their normal counterparts. Only if normal cells are constantly transformed and added to the proliferating pool of transformed or neoplastic cells will progressive growth prevail. The model is strictly applicable to stable systems (chicken, bovine, human); unstable species with a high spontaneous rate of transformation into established lines (mouse, rat, hamster) will react with the development of autonomously proliferating RSV cells capable of an infinite number of cell divisions.