bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunodominant Francisella tularensis antigens identified using proteome microarray. ©Crown Copyright 2007 Dstl
Authors: Eyles Jim E. , Unal Berkay , Hartley Margaret Gill , Newstead Sarah L. , Flick‐Smith Helen , Prior Joann L. , Oyston Petra C. F. , Randall Arlo , Mu Yunxiang , Hirst Siddiqua , Molina Douglas M. , Davies D. Huw , Milne Tim , Griffin Kate F. , Baldi Pierre , Titball Rick W. , Felgner Philip L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStimulation of protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens is difficult to achieve using non‐replicating vaccines. BALB/c mice immunized by intramuscular injection with killed Francisella tularensis (live vaccine strain) adjuvanted with preformed immune stimulating complexes admixed with CpG, were protected when systemically challenged with a highly virulent strain of F. tularensis (Schu S4). Serum from immunized mice was used to probe a whole proteome microarray in order to identify immunodominant antigens. Eleven out of the top 12 immunodominant antigens have been previously described as immunoreactive in F. tularensis. However, 31 previously unreported immunoreactive antigens were revealed using this approach. Twenty four (50%) of the ORFs on the immunodominant hit list belonged to the category of surface or membrane associated proteins compared to only 22% of the entire proteome. There were eight hypothetical protein hits and eight hits from proteins associated with different aspects of metabolism. The chip also allowed us to readily determine the IgG subclass bias, towards individual or multiple antigens, in protected and unprotected animals. These data give insight into the protective immune response and have potentially important implications for the rational design of non‐living vaccines for tularemia and other intracellular pathogens.
Proteome and cytoskeleton responses in osteosarcoma cells with reduced OXPHOS activity
Authors: Annunen‐Rasila Johanna , Ohlmeier Steffen , Tuokko Hanna , Veijola Johanna , Majamaa Kari 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have recently shown disorganization of the vimentin network in cultured cells deficient in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We describe here the cellular responses to OXPHOS deficiency in osteosarcoma cells upon complex I (CI) and complex IV (CIV) inhibition, and upon the lack of mitochondrial DNA (ρ0 cells). We examined the cytoskeletal organization and the distribution of mitochondria and analysed total proteome by 2‐DE and vimentin expression by ELISA. Upon CIV inhibition and in ρ0 cells, the vimentin network had collapsed around the nucleus and formed thick bundles. The mitochondria formed a perinuclear crescent upon CIV inhibition, whereas they accumulated around the nucleus in the ρ0 cells, where the amount of vimentin was increased. Analysis of the total proteome revealed that a lack of mitochondrial DNA or inhibition of CI or CIV led to changes in the expression of cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton‐associated proteins and proteins involved in apoptosis, OXPHOS, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative stress responses. Our findings suggest that a deficiency in the energy converting system and oxidative stress can lead to cytoskeletal changes.
Concordance between patients' desired and actual decision‐making roles in breast cancer care
Authors: Vogel Barbara A. , Helmes Almut W. , Hasenburg Annette 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study explored breast cancer patients' preferences and experiences for participation in treatment decision making as well as the concordance between patients' actual and desired decision making. The interplay between depression, anxiety and decision‐making preferences was also examined.A consecutive sample of primary breast cancer patients was recruited within a week of either surgery or the beginning of neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy in two breast cancer centres in Germany. Women were asked to complete a self‐explanatory questionnaire.Most patients (40.2%) of the 137 participants preferred the physician to make the treatment decision. A total of 63.4% were able to fulfil their preferred decision‐making role. Breast cancer patients who wanted the physician to make the decision and patients who wanted to make the decision on their own were more likely to have their preferences met than patients who wished to share the decision (p<0.01). Availability of treatment choice and the level of depression influenced the preferred decision‐making preference.Limited concordance between desired and actual decision making of patients with collaborative decision‐making preferences suggests the need for better communication and physician training on shared decision making. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Husbands' perceptions of wives' adjustment to breast cancer: the impact on wives' mood
Authors: Romero Catherine , Lindsay Julie E. , Dalton William T. , Nelson David V. , Friedman Lois C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMarried women's adjustment to breast cancer is positively influenced by their husbands' emotional support and by both spouses' active coping strategies. However, little is known about how women's adjustment is related to their husbands' perceptions of their psychosocial impairment. The current study examined the relationships among wives' coping strategies, the extent of congruence between wives' and husbands' perceptions of wives' adjustment, and wives' mood disturbance in 45 women with Stage I or II breast cancer and their husbands. Mediational analyses demonstrated that discrepancies between husbands' perceptions of wives' adjustment and wives' perceptions of their own adjustment mediated the relationship between wives' use of avoidant coping strategies and wives' mood disturbance. The findings suggest that husbands' over‐ or under‐estimation of wives' adjustment may have a negative impact on wives' mood. Implications for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling Errors in Particle Size Analysis?
Authors: Merkus Henk G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSampling errors are highly underestimated in particle size analysis of more or less free‐flowing powders. This is wrong. For, such errors often dominate in the results. They consist of two components. The first component is the fundamental error, related to the discrete nature of particulate materials. It determines the minimum amount of sample that has to be taken into account to reach a required precision. This fundamental error can be estimated from the number of particles. The second component is the segregation error. It relates to the segregation that occurs in the batch of material to be sampled or during the sampling process. This segregation error can only be estimated from the analysis results of multiple samples. Guidance on the estimation of both types of sampling errors in relation to the minimum mass and minimum number of primary samples taken from a product lot will be given in this paper.
Insecticide resistance in disease vectors of public health importance
Authors: Nauen Ralf 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVector‐borne diseases are a global problem—a trend that may only increase if global temperature rises and demographic trends continue–and their economic and social impact are enormous. Insecticides play a vital role in the fight against these diseases by controlling the vectors themselves in order to improve public health; however, resistance to commonly used insecticides is on the rise. This perspective outlines the major classes of disease vector control agents and the mechanisms of resistance that have evolved, arguing that effective resistance management strategies must carefully monitor resistance in field populations and use combinations of the limited modes of action available to best effect. Moreover, the development of novel insecticide classes for control of adult mosquitoes and other vectors becomes increasingly important. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
PREDICT‐1 (CNA106030): the first powered, prospective trial of pharmacogenetic screening to reduce drug adverse events
Authors: Hughes Sara , Hughes Arlene , Brothers Cindy , Spreen William , Thorborn Daren 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPharmacogenetics (PGx) – the study of DNA variation in the human genome and the way this impacts the efficacy and safety of medicines – is becoming an increasingly important research tool as physicians, patients, regulatory authorities and payers look for innovative ways to improve the risk:benefit ratio of medicines. While scientific knowledge about PGx is rapidly increasing, implementation of PGx findings to patient care has yet to be fully achieved. One area where significant progress has been made is in the identification of PGx markers associated with variable response to antiretroviral medicines. For example, the major histocompatibility complex HLA‐B*5701 allele has been associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir (ABC) by several independent researchers. While PGx associations have been identified largely through retrospective examination, the clinical utility of these PGx markers in patient care has not been prospectively determined in a randomized study. This paper outlines the design of a study to evaluate the utility of prospective screening for HLA‐B*5701 to reduce the incidence of ABC hypersensitivity in an ABC‐naïve population of HIV‐infected subjects. This represents the first fully powered, randomized, blinded, prospective study to determine the clinical utility of PGx screening to reduce drug‐associated adverse events in any patient population. This type of trial design may have utility for other important medicines which have treatment‐limiting side effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The medieval physician Avicenna used an herbal calcium channel blocker, Taxus baccata L.
Authors: Tekol Yalcin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCalcium channel blockers are drugs which are important for current medical therapy. The first examples of synthetic congeners of this class of drugs appear around at the beginning of the 1960s. Review of the current and historical literature shows that Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980–1037) had used the herbal drug ‘Zarnab’ (Taxus baccata L.) as a cardiac remedy. The leaves of T. baccata contain an alkaloid mixture (taxines). It was recently demonstrated that this drug possessed calcium channel blocking activity. So, it is evident that Avicenna used a drug with calcium channel blocking activity much earlier than the arrival of synthetic drugs belonging to the same pharmacological group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evidence based wound healing activity of Lawsonia inermis Linn.
Authors: Nayak B. Shivananda , Isitor Godwin , Davis E. M. , Pillai G. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe ethanol extract of Lawsonia inermis (200 mg/kg/day) was used to evaluate the wound healing activity on rats using excision, incision and dead space wound models. The animals were divided into three groups of six each in the excision model and two groups of six each in the incision model and dead space models. The topical application was made in the case of excision wound model, whereas, oral treatment was done with incision and dead space wound models. The following differences were noted in the group of experimental animals which were treated with an extract of L. inermis when compared with the control and reference standard animals: a high rate of wound contraction (p < 0.001), a decrease in the period of epithelialization (p < 0.001), high skin breaking strength (p < 0.001), a significant increase in the granulation tissue weight (p < 0.001) and hydroxyproline content (p < 0.05). The extract‐treated animals showed 71% reduction in the wound area when compared with controls which was 58%. Histological studies of the tissue obtained on day 10 from the extract‐treated group showed increased well organized bands of collagen, more fibroblasts and few inflammatory cells when compared with the controls which showed inflammatory cells, scanty collagen fibres and fibroblasts. Enhanced wound contraction, increased skin breaking strength, hydroxyproline and histological findings suggest the use of L. inermis in the management of wound healing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the performance of a repairable system under a maintenance and repair contract
Authors: Lugtigheid Diederik , Jardine Andrew K. S. , Jiang Xiaoyue 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this article a number of maintenance models for finite horizons are reviewed. These methods have not been applied as frequently as their infinite horizon counterparts, and yet are very much applicable to systems under maintenance and repair contracts. The emphasis in this paper is on repairable systems under maintenance and repair contracts, where the decision has to be made whether and when to repair or replace the system. Based on a case study, a new finite horizon model will be constructed and new approaches to analyze and improve repair/replacement decisions under a finite horizon introduced. Finally, the meaning of ‘risk’ and ‘criticality’ in the context of maintenance contracts will be discussed and quantified. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fish zonation and indicator species for the evaluation of the ecological status of rivers: example of the Loire basin (France)
Authors: Lasne Emilien , Bergerot Benjamin , Lek Sovan , Laffaille Pascal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the context of river alteration, ecologists are asked to develop tools for the assessment of river integrity. Fish are known to be good bioindicators of the ecological condition of rivers. The Loire basin (France) is often considered as relatively little impacted compared to most other large European systems. But curiously, no study clearly addressed the question of fish assemblages patterns in this system in order to assess this status. Thus, we studied fish assemblages along the river network in the Loire basin using self‐organizing maps (SOMs) and we built a fish typology. Four basic assemblages were described and indicator species were identified. These assemblages varied in terms of individual species patterns as well as in terms of flow preference guilds and species richness. A discriminant analysis carried out on environmental variables revealed that they could be mainly determined by the slope, temperature and depth. Finally, fish assemblages were arrayed along a longitudinal gradient and roughly fitted the theoretical zonation expected in European rivers with the succession of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), grayling (Thymallus thymallus), barbel (Barbus barbus) and bream (Abramis brama) zones in a downstream direction. Such patterns are still rarely observed in large European systems. However, the fish assemblage characteristic of the bream zone occurred more frequently than predicted on the basis of environmental variables. Such deviations between field data and theory suggest lotic‐to‐lentic shifts probably due to anthropogenic disturbances, especially in the grayling and barbel zones. In these river sectors, eurytopic and limnophilic species tend to replace rheophilic ones. Finally, the method used in this study to investigate fish patterns may be helpful to detect disturbances and may serve as a tool for the establishment of management plans. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pragmatic integrated scheduling for clustered VLIW architectures
Authors: Nagpal Rahul , Srikant Y. N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractClustered architecture processors are preferred for embedded systems because centralized register file architectures scale poorly in terms of clock rate, chip area, and power consumption. Scheduling for clustered architectures involves spatial concerns (where to schedule) as well as temporal concerns (when to schedule). Various clustered VLIW configurations, connectivity types, and inter‐cluster communication models present different performance trade‐offs to a scheduler. The scheduler is responsible for resolving the conflicting requirements of exploiting the parallelism offered by the hardware and limiting the communication among clusters to achieve better performance. In this paper, we describe our experience with developing a pragmatic scheme and also a generic graph‐matching‐based framework for cluster scheduling based on a generic and realistic clustered machine model. The proposed scheme effectively utilizes the exact knowledge of available communication slots, functional units, and load on different clusters as well as future resource and communication requirements known only at schedule time. The proposed graph‐matching‐based framework for cluster scheduling resolves the phase‐ordering and fixed‐ordering problem associated with earlier schemes for scheduling clustered VLIW architectures. The experimental evaluation in the context of a state‐of‐art commercial clustered architecture (using real‐world benchmark programs) reveals a significant performance improvement over the earlier proposals, which were mostly evaluated using compiled simulation of hypothetical clustered architectures. Our results clearly highlight the importance of considering the peculiarities of commercial clustered architectures and the hard‐nosed performance measurement. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A personalized search engine based on Web‐snippet hierarchical clustering
Authors: Ferragina P. , Gulli A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe propose a (meta‐)search engine, called SnakeT (SNippet Aggregation for Knowledge ExtracTion), which queries more than 18 commodity search engines and offers two complementary views on their returned results. One is the classical flat‐ranked list, the other consists of a hierarchical organization of these results into folders created on‐the‐fly at query time and labeled with intelligible sentences that capture the themes of the results contained in them. Users can browse this hierarchy with various goals: knowledge extraction, query refinement and personalization of search results. In this novel form of personalization, the user is requested to interact with the hierarchy by selecting the folders whose labels (themes) best fit her query needs. SnakeT then personalizes on‐the‐fly the original ranked list by filtering out those results that do not belong to the selected folders. Consequently, this form of personalization is carried out by the users themselves and thus results fully adaptive, privacy preserving, scalable and non‐intrusive for the underlying search engines. We have extensively tested SnakeT and compared it against the best available Web‐snippet clustering engines. SnakeT is efficient and effective, and shows that a mutual reinforcement relationship between ranking and Web‐snippet clustering does exist. In fact, the better the ranking of the underlying search engines, the more relevant the results from which SnakeT distills the hierarchy of labeled folders, and hence the more useful this hierarchy is to the user. Vice versa, the more intelligible the folder hierarchy, the more effective the personalization offered by SnakeT on the ranking of the query results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of altered loading conditions on ventricular performance in fetuses with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Szwast A. , Tian Z. , McCann M. , Donaghue D. , Bebbington M. , Johnson M. , Wilson R. D. , Rychik J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectivesIn the fetus with a structurally normal heart, two conditions—giant chest mass, such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), and twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)—alter ventricular loading conditions and may result in cardiovascular compromise. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of cardiovascular dysfunction by comparing geometry‐independent, Doppler flow‐derived measures of ventricular performance in fetuses with altered loading conditions vs. those in normal fetuses.MethodsDoppler flow‐derived measures of myocardial performance index (MPI) as described by Tei, ventricular ejection force as described by Isaaz, and combined cardiac output (CCO) were obtained by echocardiography in fetuses with a normal cardiovascular system (n = 76) or CCAM (n = 36) and fetal partners with TTTS (n = 22).ResultsIn the CCAM group, systolic performance as evidenced by the ejection forces was preserved, right ventricular (RV) MPI was increased and CCO diminished, suggesting diastolic dysfunction and poor filling secondary to cardiac compression and a tamponade effect. In TTTS, recipient twins exhibited greater left ventricular (LV) ejection forces and higher CCO than donor twins, and had abnormal RV and LV MPI, reflecting increased preload, preserved left systolic performance, but diastolic dysfunction. Donor twins had diminished ejection forces and CCO in comparison with normal controls and recipient partners, reflecting hypovolemia.ConclusionsIn both CCAM and recipient twins of the TTTS, diastolic dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of each disorder and precedes changes in systolic performance. Measures of ventricular performance can help elucidate poorly understood mechanisms of cardiovascular compromise in the developing fetus. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X‐ray fluorescence analysis with sample excitation using radiation from a secondary target
Authors: Vasin M. G. , Ignatyev Yu. V. , Lakhtikov A. E. , Morovov A. P. , Nazarov V. V. , Trakhtenberg L. I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a scheme of an x‐ray spectrometer with exchangeable secondary targets and investigation of its characteristics. A high‐voltage power source with a voltage up to 75 kV and x‐ray tubes with power up to 2.5 kW were used in the spectrometer to generate the primary x‐ray radiation. The exchangeable secondary targets made it possible to get monochromatic radiation with a rather high degree of the spectral contrast. The use of tubes with different anodes materials (chromium, tungsten and rhodium) and different secondary targets provides efficient performance for the analysis of a range of concentrations of elements with atomic numbers 13 < Z < 92. In this case, it was possible to optimize the sample analysis for definite groups of elements, reaching detection limits (DL) of 10−6 g/g in aqueous solutions. According to the sensitivity (DL), this device can act as a spectrometer with total external reflection of the primary beam (TXRF spectrometer). However, its design is simpler, it has better optical efficiency, its adjustment is simple and convenient and it has a high operating efficiency. Besides, the design of the device makes it possible to perform simultaneously, if necessary, x‐ray fluorescence and x‐ray absorption analyses of a sample. Examples of the application of the device for the determination of heavy‐metal content in the aqueous solutions and measurement of thickness of films are presented in this paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.