bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Addition Reactions of Lithium Acetylides and Grignard Reagents to Selenoiminium Salts Leading to 2-Propynyl Tertiary Amines Bearing a Tetrasubstituted Carbon Center
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Nogawa Sho , Mutoh Yuichiro 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Selenoiminium salts generated in situ from selenoamides and MeOTf were reacted sequentially with lithium acetylides and Grignard reagents to give 2-propynyl tertiary amines bearing a tetrasubstituted carbon center. The lithium acetylides used were generated from (trimethylsilyl)acetylene, phenylacetylene, and 1-hexyne. Among them, that obtained from (trimethylsilyl)acetylene most effectively gave the corresponding products in higher yields. As Grignard reagents, alkyl-, vinyl-, allyl-, and benzylmagnesium halides gave the products with high efficiency, whereas the reaction of arylmagnesium halides did not proceed as well. A variety of 4-penteneselenoamides were synthesized by four-component coupling reactions of terminal acetylenes, elemental selenium, allylic bromides, and secondary amines, and subjected to the sequential addition reactions to give 5-amino-1,6-enynes. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction was found to depend on the substituents at the α-position of selenoamides and Grignard reagents. In the reaction of selenoiminium salts with excess Grignard reagents, amines that incorporated two molecules of Grignard reagents were formed in good yields.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Phosphines, Phosphites, and Sulfides by Using Trialkylborane
Authors: Motoshima Kosuke , Sato Akinori , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Treatment of phosphines, phosphites, or sulfides with trialkylborane under air afforded the corresponding oxides in good yields.
Public policy: core business and by-products
Authors: Graycar Adam 
Published: November 2007

English
This paper explores the interesting phenomenon of unintended consequences in policy making: that benefits may accrue in one domain of policy making as the result of actions in another with very different interests and priorities. For example, a key randomised controlled trial of a nurse home visiting programme for young mothers identified significant long term crime reduction benefits among their children. Policy makers, in Australia and elsewhere, are currently not well equipped to recognise or capitalise on these by-products of policy making, and the author offers some suggestions for improving matters.
Eleven obstacles to translating research into policy on gender-based violence
Authors: Spangaro Jo 
Published: November 2007

English
This article presents an ‘insider’s’ perspective on research utilisation after eight years of policy experience working on gender-related violence in New South Wales, Australia. It considers why policy makers do not always make good use of research and is based predominantly on personal reflection. Eleven different obstacles are described that relate to issues including timeframes, the local relevance of overseas research, access to data, the constraints imposed by the evidence-based policy movement, the need to address different audiences and the feasibility of implementation.
What evidence base? Steps towards the relational evaluation of social interventions
Authors: Koivisto Juha 
Published: November 2007

English
This article first applies the yardstick developed by Bruno Latour for studying the ontological approaches used in the social studies of science to three mainstream approaches to effectiveness research in the social sphere: positivism, social constructivism and realistic evaluation. An alternative to the dualistic ontology of effectiveness research is then developed. The relational approach sees the world as materially heterogeneous networks and relations (socio-material, socio-technical) that are continually performed and (re)constituted by human and non-human elements. A brief hypothetical illustration of how this ontological standpoint might be reflected in the practice of effectiveness research is then presented.
A Critical Appraisal of Current Practice in the Detection, Analysis, and Reporting of Cryoglobulins
Authors: Vermeersch Pieter , Gijbels Koenraad , Mariën Godelieve , Lunn Rod , Egner William , White Peter , Bossuyt Xavier 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo assess current practice in the detection, analysis, and reporting of cryoglobulins, a questionnaire was sent to 140 laboratories. Only 36% of laboratories used standard procedures (tube preheating, transport in container, and sedimentation and/or centrifugation at 37 °C) to ensure that the temperature did not drop below 37 °C until after serum separation. Time periods allowed for cryoprecipitation at 4 °C varied from 12 h to 9 days, with 30% of laboratories allowing precipitation for &lt;3 days. After cryoprecipitation, 81% of laboratories resolubilized the cryoprecipitate at 37 °C, and 77% further immunotyped the cryoprecipitate. After analysis, 5% referred the sample for confirmation, 58% provided a nonquantitative report, and 37% reported the cryoglobulin concentration in the cryoprecipitate as cryocrit, total protein concentration, and/or immunoglobulin concentration. Only 3 laboratories (2%) provided cryoprecipitate-specific reference values for total protein content, and none provided reference values for immunoglobulins. We believe standardization is needed for cryoglobulin detection to avoid missed diagnoses and improve the comparability of results. Laboratories should ensure that sample temperature does not drop below 37 °C until after serum separation. The serum should cryoprecipitate at 4 °C for at least 3 (preferably 7) days. The cryoprecipitate should be washed and resolubilized at 37 °C for further analysis.
Evaluation of a Fully Automated Serum Assay for Total N-Terminal Propeptide of Type I Collagen in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Garnero Patrick , Vergnaud Philippe , Hoyle Nicholas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground: Biochemical markers of bone turnover can provide prognostic information about the risk of fracture and may be useful for monitoring efficacy of antiresorptive and anabolic therapy in osteoporosis. We evaluated the performance of a fully automated assay for serum total N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), a marker of bone formation.Methods: Serum P1NP was measured on the Elecsys 2010 automated analyzer (Roche) in 230 healthy premenopausal women, age 30–49 years, 179 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis participating in the previously published 1 year randomized Parathyroid Hormone and Alendronate for Osteoporosis study of full-length parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-84, &gt;100 μg/day subcutaneously; n = 119) or oral alendronate 10 mg/day (n = 60), and 64 healthy men, age 40 to 65 years.Results: The within-run and between-run (total) imprecision (CVs) were ≤1.7% (n = 20) and 4.4% (n = 15), respectively. The median within-person variability of results (3 measurements over 3 months in 15 postmenopausal women) was 7.2%, resulting in a least significant change (LSC) value of 20%. Serum P1NP concentrations were 74% (P &lt;0.0001) higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal controls. After 3 months of treatment, 83% and 88% of patients treated with PTH 1-84 and alendronate, respectively, demonstrated changes of serum P1NP that exceeded the LSC.Conclusion: The automated assay for serum total P1NP is precise and sensitive enough to detect changes that exceed the LSC in a majority of postmenopausal women after 3 months of treatment with PTH 1-84 or alendronate. Because of its convenience and high throughput, this bone formation marker may be useful for the monitoring of patients with osteoporosis
Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition and the Metabolic Syndrome: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute GOLDN Study
Authors: Kabagambe Edmond K , Tsai Michael Y , Hopkins Paul N , Ordovas Jose M , Peacock James M , Borecki Ingrid B , Arnett Donna K 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground: Different fatty acids may vary in their effect on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We tested whether fatty acid classes measured in erythrocytes are associated with the MetS or its components.Methods: Included were men [n = 497; mean (SD) age, 49 (16) years] and women [n = 539; age, 48 (16) years] from 187 families in a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) family study of the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) conducted in Utah and Minnesota. We used gas chromatography to measure erythrocyte fatty acids and obtained data on potential confounding variables from interviewer-administered questionnaires.Results: The prevalence of the MetS as defined by the updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was 36.8% in Utah and 39.6% in Minnesota (P &gt;0.05). In a multivariate model that included 4 fatty acid classes, covariates, and pedigree as a random effect, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the MetS in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile of polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1.00, 0.72 (0.47–1.10), 0.67 (0.43–1.05), and 0.39 (0.24–0.64), respectively (P for trend = 0.0002). For the corresponding quartiles of saturated fatty acids, the odds ratios were 1.00, 1.19 (0.77–1.84), 1.48 (0.94–2.34), and 1.63 (1.01–2.63), respectively (P for trend = 0.03). Unlike n6 fatty acids, which showed an inverse association (P &lt;0.05) with MetS, n3, trans, and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the MetS (P &gt;0.05). We observed significant correlations (P &lt;0.05) between fatty acid classes, insulin, and components of the MetS.Conclusions: Polyunsaturated fats are inversely associated with the MetS, whereas saturated fatty acids are positively associated with the MetS, probably through their effect on lipids, adiposity, insulin, and blood pressure.
Maternal Factors in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants Who Develop Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Ragouilliaux Corinne J. , Keeney Susan E. , Hawkins Hal K. , Rowen Judith L. 
Published: November 2007

BACKGROUND. Spontaneous intestinal perforation of the extremely low birth weight infant (≤1000 g) is associated with a high incidence of Candida and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sepsis. Little is known about prenatal risk factors, and histopathologic examination of placentas in infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation has not been reported.OBJECTIVES. Our objective was to investigate maternal factors and specific placental findings in a sample of infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation. We compared the maternal factors and clinical outcomes to a matched control group.PATIENTS AND METHODS. This single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2001 and December 2005. The records of extremely low birth weight infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation were reviewed (n = 16). Study infants were matched to 2 infants in the control group; any twin of a study patient was also included as a control subject (n = 35). Histopathologic examination of placentas included standard hematoxylin and eosin and methenamine silver stains.RESULTS. Infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation were more likely than control subjects to have severe placental chorioamnionitis with fetal vascular response (40% vs 12%); 2 placentas also tested positive for yeast versus none in the control subjects. Mothers of infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation were more likely than control subjects to have received antibiotics before or at delivery (93% vs 57%). Fifty percent of the infants had Candida, and 31% in the spontaneous intestinal perforation group had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus sepsis versus 6% in the control subjects. Finally, infants with spontaneous intestinal perforation had delayed enteral feeding (64 ± 30 vs 31 ± 10 days) and prolonged hospitalization (155 ± 48 vs 108 ± 36 days).CONCLUSIONS. Spontaneous intestinal perforation in the extremely low birth weight infant is a neonatal disease related to placental inflammation. We alert practitioners to the importance of placental findings, because they may be positive for yeast.
The Negative Association between a History of Recurrent Herpes Labialis and Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Burger Matthe P. M. , Wilterdink Jan B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe considered the possibility that herpetic recurrences and herpes virus associated neoplasia are mutually exclusive disorders because they are expressions of different herpes virus‐host relationships. We assumed that the human body copes with oro‐facial and genital herpes infections in the same manner. In our retrospective study, the relative risk of a history of fever blisters for cervical neoplasia was estimated to be 0.49, with 0.34 and 0.69 as the limits of the 95% confidence interval. It is suggested that recurrent herpes labialis is presumably a determinant of an effective immune response in general.
Comparative Trial of the Effects on Glucose Tolerance and Lipoprotein Metabolism of two New Oral Contraceptives Containing Gestoden and Desogestrel
Authors: Petersen Kresten Rubeck , Skouby Sven Olaf , Dreisler Anne , Kuhl Claus , Svenstrup Birgit 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effects of two new low‐dose oral contraceptives (triphasic ethinyl estradiollgestoden and monophasic ethinyl estradiolldesogestrel) on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin response to glucose, fasting plasma cortisol, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (C), HDL‐C, LDL‐C, VLDL‐C and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBGI were investigated in two groups of healthy women (n = 10). Investigations were performed prior to hormone ingestion and after treatment for 2 and 6 months. In both groups, fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin as well as the areas below the glucose concentration curves were unchanged during treatment, whereas the insulin response to oral glucose was equally increased (p >0.05). Intake of both compounds was followed by similar increases in the levels of HDL‐C (p>0.05) and in the HDL‐C/total‐C (p > 0.05). A transient decrease in the levels of LDL‐C was observed in both groups after two months. During intake of the gestoden‐containing compound increases in VLDL‐C and TG levels were registered after six months (p>0.05). Plasma levels of SHBG increased similarly in both groups (p>0.0l). The study indicates, that intake of both hormonal compounds is free from adverse effects on glucose tolerance and lipoprotein metabolism known to be of clinical significance. No differences in the metabolic effects were found between the two compounds.
Some Fetal and Pregnancy Parameters in Nepal
Authors: Ulstein Magnar , Rana Geetha , Yangzom Kundu , Gurung Reeta , Karki Arjun , Gurung Ganesh , Pradhan Uma 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn Patan Hospital, Kathmandu, 4600 single live births were analysed concerning birth weight in relation to gestational age. At term, the median birth weight of females was 2900 g and of males 3010 g. Compared with Norwegian newborns, the birthweights of Nepali babies were lower for all corresponding gestational lengths. The differences increased with gestational age. Fundal height was lower in Nepali than in Norwegian pregnant women for all periods of pregnancy. An increase in the differences between Norwegian and Nepali women was also noted. Hematocrit values of Nepali women who did not take supplementary iron, correspond well to findings in Norwegian women without iron supplementation. Only a slight degree of hemoconcentration was noted towards term. For Norwegian women with iron supplementation the hematocrit values were much higher, with a tendency towards hemoconcentration near term. In Nepal the average woman probably has small iron stores, and without iron supplementation the hematocrit values will remain low throughout the pregnancy. The high altitude does not seem to cause hemoconcentration in pregnancy to a greater extent than at lower altitude. Hemoconcentration is therefore not a major causative factor of the lower birth weights.
Solitary Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma of the Spleen
Authors: Jørgensen Lars Nannestad , Chrintz Henrik 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCarcinomatous metastatic involvement of the spleen usually indicates widespread malignant disease Solitary metastatic lesions in this organ are exceedingly rare and the literature reveals fewer than 15 cases We have observed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the body of the uterus (adenoacanthoma) with an unusual route of metastasis in a 59‐year‐old patient Only one case with the same pattern of spread from an endometrial Carcinoma has been reported earlier
Computer Assessment of the Intrapartum Cardiotocogram
Authors: Nielsen P. V. , Stigsby B. , Nickelsen C. , Nim J. 
Published: November 2007

The chief aim of our work has been to create a computer Cardiotocographic Assessment System (CAS) and thus eliminate the intra‐ and inter‐observer variability of the visual assessment of the cardiotocogram (CTG), and to improve the assessment of the CTGs to the standard of the most experienced obstetricians. The purpose of this paper is to present the accuracy of the prediction of fetal outcome obtained by the CAS and to compare it with 4 experienced obstetricians’ accuracy. Fifty CTGs from the last 30 min. of labor were assessed as normal or pathological by the computer and by the obstetricians. The condition of the newborn was evaluated from the one‐minute Apgar score, the umbilical artery pH and standard base excess, and the need for resuscitation.The accuracy of the CAS was significantly better than the accuracy of the obstetrician obtaining the best result. We conclude that the development of a computer‐aided cardiotocographic assessment system is worthwhile.
Placental Less and Maternal Hemoglobin Levels: A Comparative Investigation
Authors: Nordenvall Margareta , Sandstedt Bengt 
Published: November 2007

A high maternal hemoglobin level during pregnancy has been correlated to a low birth weight and a low placental weight, but has not been investigated in relation to placental factors.In 330 consecutive deliveries, placental lesions, birth weight and placental weight were studied in a multiple regression analysis in relation to maternal hemoglobin concentration, taking into consideration possible confounding factors such as smoking, hypertensive disorders, weight gain, pri mi parity, gestational age and sex. A high maternal hemoglobin concentration (>130 g/l) was correlated with a low birth weight, acute infarcts and syncytial knots. Intervillous thrombosis was more common in non ‐ smokers and multiparous women, increasing in incidence as gestational age advanced. Infarcts and microscopic perivillous fibrin were correlated with hypertension. Microscopic perivillous fibrin was slightly associated with a high hemoglobin level (>130g/l) in a bivariate analysis. These findings may indicate that a high maternal hemoglobin level impairs the uteroplacental circulation.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bergsjø Per 
Published: November 2007

Book reviewed in this article:Phelan JP, Clark SL (Eds.). Cesarean Delivery. 570 pages, tables, figures. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 1988.Kline J, Stein Z, Susser M. Conception to Birth: Epidemiology of Prenatal Development. Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Volume 14. 433 pages, figures, tables. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Hardback, £42.50.Lilford RJ.: Prenatal Diagnosis and Prognosis. 245 pp., tables, figures. London: Butterworths 1990. £39.50.Hall MH (Ed).: Antenatal Care. Balliere's Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology. International Practice and Research. Voilume 4INumber 1. March 1990. 233 pp. London: Bailliere Tindall; 1990. Price: £22.50.
One‐Stage Ultrasound Screening in Pregnancy: An evaluation
Authors: Rasmussen Svein , Dalaker Knut , Berge Lillian Nordbø , Lundgren Randi , Løvslett Kjell 
Published: November 2007

A one‐stage ultrasound screening program was evaluated, using a pregnancy/perinatal database containing information from 2766 pregnancies and deliveries. Among women who did not have a second‐trimester ultrasound examination, labor was induced for presumed post‐term pregnancy in 4.0% versus 1.6% of pregnancies in the screening group (p = 0.007). In the group with second‐trimester ultrasound scanning other than screening, the frequency was 3.2%. Of women with spontaneous labor or who were induced for presumed post‐term pregnancy, 3.8% in a screening group and 8.0% in a group with other second‐trimester ultrasound examination were post‐term according to BPD measurements (p = 0.0003).In the screening group, 6.2% of liveborn singletons were small for gestational age(less than the 10th percentile) compared with 8.5% in the non‐screening group (p<0.05).A subset of 365 screened women with optimal menstrual history had spontaneous labor or were induced for presumed post‐term pregnancy. According to menstrual history and ultrasound examination, 7.4% and 3.8% of these were post‐term, respectively (p = 0.04).It is concluded that the main value of screening lies in a more accurate dating of pregnancy, even when menstrual history is optimal, with a lower incidence of induced labor for believed post‐term pregnancies. In addition, there may be an improvement in the obstetric management of pregnancy, reflected in our study as a lower incidence of small for gestational age infants.
Reduced Use of Diagnostic Obstetric Ultrasound in Norway: Result of Consensus Panel Recommending Routine Screening in Pregnancy?
Authors: Backe Bjørn , Nafstad Per , Saetnan Ann Rudinow 
Published: November 2007

Purpose: To investigate the practice of obstetric ultrasound in Norway before and 2 years after a consensus conference recommending routine screening.Material, method: Two national representative materials sampled with a 2‐year interval are compared.Results: The average number of examinations was reduced from 2.46 to 2.23 (p<=0.014). Obstetrical institutions practising screening examined their patients less frequently than non‐screening institutions (2.10 vs. 2.75 times, p<p0.001), whereas in 1986 the converse was the case.Conclusions: Screening has become more widespread, and a more rational practice has developed.
Phase III clinical trial with a new oral contraceptive containing 150 μg desogestrel and 20 μg ethinylestradiol
Authors: Lammers Paul , ten Berg Monique op 
Published: November 2007

Results are presented of a Phase III international multicentre trial to study the effect of a new low‐dose oral contraceptive (OC) containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 150 μg desogestrel (Mercilon®) regarding efficacy, cycle control, blood pressure, and acceptability. Altogether 1,684 women from 12 European countries were included in the study. Four pregnancies occurred, 3 of them patient failures, one tablet failure. The overall Pearl Index was 0.20. The frequency of irregular bleeding was comparable to that recorded with other commonly used low‐dose OCs. No serious side effects occurred. The incidence of the most frequently reported subjective side effects ‐ headache, nausea and breast tension ‐ was already low after the first cycle of treatment and decreased to below pretreatment levels with continued use. There was a small increase in mean body weight, which was confined essentially to young women. The preparation did not affect the mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure.This new preparation has thus proved to be an effective, safe and well‐accepted ultra low‐dose oral contraceptive.