bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age, Growth, and Mortality of Introduced Flathead Catfish in Atlantic Rivers and a Review of Other Populations
Authors: Kwak Thomas J. , Waters D. Scott , Pine William E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Knowledge of individual growth and mortality rates of an introduced fish population is required to determine the success and degree of establishment as well as to predict the fish's impact on native fauna. The age and growth of flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris have been studied extensively in the species' native and introduced ranges, and estimates have varied widely. We quantified individual growth rates and age structure of three introduced flathead catfish populations in North Carolina's Atlantic slope rivers using sagittal otoliths, determined trends in growth rates over time, compared these estimates among rivers in native and introduced ranges, and determined total mortality rates for each population. Growth was significantly faster in the Northeast Cape Fear River (NECFR) than in the Lumber and Neuse rivers. Fish in the NECFR grew to a total length of 700 mm by age 7, whereas fish in the Neuse and Lumber river populations reached this length by 8 and 10 years, respectively. The growth rates of fish in all three rivers were consistently higher than those of native riverine populations, similar to those of native reservoir populations, and slower than those of other introduced riverine populations. In general, recent cohorts (1998–2001 year-classes) in these three rivers exhibited slower growth among all ages than did cohorts previous to the 1998 year-class. The annual total mortality rate was similar among the three rivers, ranging from 0.16 to 0.20. These mortality estimates are considerably lower than those from the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, suggesting relatively low fishing mortality for these introduced populations. Overall, flathead catfish populations in reservoirs grow faster than those in rivers, the growth rates of introduced populations exceed those of native populations, and eastern United States populations grow faster than those in western states. Such trends constitute critical information for understanding and managing local populations.
Fulton's Condition Factor: Is it a Valid Measure of Sea Lice Impact on Juvenile Salmon?
Authors: Morton Alexandra , Routledge Richard D. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Condition factor formulas have been developed and are used to assist in assessing the state of fish health. Fulton's condition factor has been used to measure anthropogenic impacts on fish, such as oil spills, and has provided results that, at times, are contentious. Recently, it has been used to suggest that infestation rates of sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis currently reported for juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta in the Broughton archipelago, British Columbia, may have no impact on fish health. Here, we show that Fulton's condition factor values will remain high in salmon fry lethally infected with sea lice until shortly before death. Furthermore, we report that as condition factor values declined, the affected fish exhibited high predator risk behavior. We conclude that Fulton's condition factor does not provide a reliable indicator of the impact of sea lice infestations on juvenile pink and chum salmon.
EDTA Gel Root Conditioning: Lack of Effect on Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Intrabony Defect Treatment With Enamel Matrix Derivative
Authors: Parashis Andreas O. , Tsiklakis Konstantinos , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: January 2006

Background: The adjunctive use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the surgical therapy of intrabony defects results in improved outcomes compared to surgical debridement alone. However, the role of EDTA root conditioning in EMD therapy has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the 12‐month outcomes of EMD application with and without EDTA root conditioning in intrabony defect surgical therapy.Methods: Twenty‐eight chronic periodontitis patients, each contributing a 2‐ or 3‐wall intrabony defect (≥4 mm deep and ≥2 mm wide), participated. Patients consecutively received surgical treatment with either EMD alone (first 13 patients) or EMD + EDTA (subsequent 15 patients). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival margin position, i.e., recession (REC) were the clinical parameters recorded. Recorded radiographic parameters were the distances from 1) cemento‐enamel junction to bone crest (CEJ to BC), 2) CEJ to base of the defect (CEJ to BD), and 3) BC to BD.Results: Intragroup analysis showed that both EMD alone and EMD + EDTA led to significant PD reduction, CAL gain, and REC increase 1 year postoperatively. Both groups had >60% mean radiographic defect resolution (change in BC to BD). None of the recorded parameters were significantly different between the two groups, either at baseline or postoperatively.Conclusions: These results suggest that clinical and radiographic outcomes of intrabony defect EMD therapy do not depend on the use of EDTA gel root conditioning. The potential contribution of EDTA gel root conditioning to the histological outcomes reported with EMD therapy remains to be determined.
Management of Interdental Papillae Loss With Forced Eruption, Immediate Implantation, and Root‐Form Pontic
Authors: Lin Chiao‐Dih , Chang Shih‐Shuh , Liou Chao‐Sheng , Dong De‐Rei , Fu Earl 
Published: January 2006

Background: A 25‐year‐old Asian woman complained of an unesthetic black triangle between her upper right front teeth. Defective interdental papillae may result from external root resorption, which makes esthetic restoration more difficult. A combined use of forced eruption, immediate implant placement, and a root‐form pontic made a successful esthetic and functional restoration.Methods: The treatment sequences of this patient included short‐term forced eruption, subsequent immediate implant placement after tooth extraction, and a provisional root‐form pontic restoration. A final prosthesis was completed 6 months later, followed by clinical maintenance.Results: Papillae were augmented by forced eruption. After immediate implantation and root‐form pontic placement had been performed, the peri‐implant soft and hard tissues were manipulated and maintained in a stable state.Conclusions: We successfully reconstructed the interdental papillae and replaced the deficient tooth with an immediate implantation. During 2 years of follow‐up, the implant and peri‐implant structures remained stable and healthy.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Postmenopausal Women: Effects of Phase I Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Daltaban Özlem , Saygun Işıl , Bal Belgin , Baloş Köksal , Serdar Muhittin 
Published: January 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to determine how estrogen status may possibly influence gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in estrogen‐deficient (ED) and ‐sufficient (ES) postmenopausal women at baseline (BL) and 1 year after periodontal phase I treatment (AT).Methods: Thirty‐six postmenopausal women on estrogen supplements (mean serum estradiol levels >30 pg/ml; estrogen sufficient) and 37 postmenopausal women not on estrogen supplements (mean serum estradiol levels <30 pg/ml; ED) were divided into two subgroups as chronic periodontitis and clinically healthy controls after clinical and radiographic examination. The ES group consisted of 19 control (ES/C) and 17 chronic periodontitis (ES/P) patients, and the ED group consisted of 20 control (ED/C) and 17 chronic periodontitis (ED/P) patients. Plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indices, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) scores, and GCF samples were recorded at BL and AT. The levels of ALP in the GCF were measured photometrically. The paired samples Student t and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the ALP levels and clinical parameters between BL and AT. The correlation among the ALP and clinical parameters was analyzed using the Pearson correlation.Results: The mean of all clinical parameters (PI, GI, BOP, PD, and CAL) was significantly (P <0.05) higher in periodontitis groups (ES/P and ED/P) than controls (ES/C and ED/C). Periodontitis groups (ES/P and ED/P) demonstrated significantly increased GCF volumes and GCF ALP levels (P <0.05) compared to controls (ES/C and ED/C). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of ALP between periodontitis and control groups (P >0.05). The BL GCF ALP total levels of the ED/P group were significantly higher than the ES/P group (P <0.05). The BL and AT serum ALP levels of the ED/P group were not significantly but were numerically higher than the ES/P group. One year after periodontal treatment, the GCF volume, GCF ALP total, and concentrations decreased significantly in both periodontitis groups (P <0.05). However, the GCF ALP levels were still numerically higher in the ED/P group. A positive statistical correlation was found between total ALP levels and PD (r = 0.621; P <0.05).Conclusion: These data suggest that the presence of ALP in GCF is not simply a reflection of the local inflammation state and that a patient's estrogen status may possibly influence local ALP levels in GCF.
Long‐Term Results of Guided Tissue Regeneration Therapy With Non‐Resorbable and Bioabsorbable Barriers. III. Class II Furcations After 10 Years
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Pretzl Bernadette , Holle Rolf , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: January 2006

Background: The aim of this 10‐year follow‐up was to evaluate the long‐term results after guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of Class II furcation defects using non‐resorbable and bioabsorbable barriers clinically.Methods: In nine patients with advanced periodontitis, nine pairs of contralateral Class II furcation defects were treated. Within each patient, one defect received a non‐resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier (ePTFE; C) and the other a bioabsorbable (polyglactin 910; T) barrier by random assignment. At baseline and 12 and 120 ± 6 months after surgery, clinical parameters were obtained.Results: Twelve and 120 months after GTR therapy, statistically significant (P <0.05) horizontal clinical attachment level (CAL‐H) gain was observed in both groups (C12: 1.9 ± 0.5 mm; C120: 1.1 ± 1.3 mm; T12: 1.9 ± 0.8 mm; T120: 1.7 ± 1.4 mm). However, one patient with furcations that had been assessed as Class I 12 months after GTR therapy had lost two teeth after 10 years, and another patient had lost more than 2 mm CAL‐H at one furcation from 12 to 120 ± 6 months post‐surgery 10 years after implantation of an ePTFE barrier. Horizontal bone sounding revealed similar bone gain in both groups 120 ± 6 months post‐surgery (C120: 0.8 ± 1.0 mm; T120: 1.1 ± 1.1 mm).Conclusions: CAL‐H gain achieved after GTR therapy in Class II furcations was stable after 10 years in 15 of 18 defects (83%). The study failed to show a statistically significant difference in stability of CAL‐H gain between group C and T 10 years after GTR therapy.
Angiographically Confirmed Coronary Heart Disease and Periodontal Disease in Middle‐Aged Males
Authors: Briggs James E. , McKeown Pascal P. , Crawford Vivienne L.S. , Woodside Jayne V. , Stout Robert W. , Evans Alun , Linden Gerard J. 
Published: January 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an association could be demonstrated between coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic periodontitis in a population of middle‐aged males in Northern Ireland.Methods: A case‐control design was used. Cases were men aged over 40 years with angiographically proven CHD. Controls were age‐matched males, with no evidence of CHD, randomly drawn from the same locality as the cases. Each subject had a clinical periodontal examination and completed a detailed sociodemographic questionnaire. High sensitivity C‐reactive protein (CRP) was measured in serum by immunoturbidimetry.Results: There were 92 cases (mean age 56.7 years; SD = 6.3) and 79 controls (mean age 58.2 years; SD = 6.7). The CHD cases had an average of three teeth less than the controls (P <0.0001). A higher proportion of sites examined in cases than controls had plaque (P = 0.004), bleeding on probing (P = 0.013), and probing depths of ≥4 mm (P = 0.006) or ≥6 mm (P = 0.03). Subjects with ≥4 mm pocketing in more than 20% of their interproximal sites and those with deep pocketing (≥6 mm) were classified as having poor periodontal status. A total of 35 cases (38%), compared to only 13 controls (16%), had a poor periodontal status (P = 0.0017). Men with a poor periodontal condition had higher levels of CRP (median 2.19 mg/l) than those with good periodontal health (median 1.42 mg/l), P = 0.007. After adjusting for smoking, academic achievement, alcohol consumption, unemployment, ability to maintain body weight, regular exercise, ability to relax daily, having a hobby or pastime, plaque, and CRP, logistic regression analysis showed that poor periodontal status was significantly associated with CHD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.06 and 95% confidence intervals of 1.02 to 9.17, P = 0.046.Conclusions: There was an association between coronary heart disease and poor periodontal status in the middle‐aged males investigated. This association was independent of diabetes and all other cardiovascular risk factors investigated.
Analysis and Modeling of a Monolithic Reactor
Authors: Tomašić V. , Gomzi Z. , Zrnčević S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis work reports the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of NO decomposition in a catalytic monolith reactor. Monolithic catalysts are composed of a commercial cordierite substrate (Corning Inc.) and copper containing ZSM‐5 zeolite (Si/Al = 40; 1.92 % Cu). Laboratory scale activity tests were carried out in the integral monolith reactor, operating under atmospheric pressure at different temperatures (573–773 K) and at various space times. The reactor performance was modeled using several mathematical models. The kinetics of NO decomposition was described by a LHHW type rate equation. The parameters of the monolith reactor models were estimated from experimental data using a modified differential method and Nelder‐Mead method of non‐linear optimization. It was found that the behavior of the experimental monolithic reactor was mainly limited by interphase mass transfer. The 2D heterogeneous model with distributed parameters was determined to be the most suitable mathematical model for detailed consideration of physico‐chemical processes occurring in the catalytic monolith reactor.
Practical Methodology for Distillation Design using a Miniplant
Authors: Ouni T. , Lievo P. , Uusi‐Kyyny P. , Dell'Era C. , Jakobsson K. , Pyhälahti A. , Aittamaa J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDevelopment of a model for a complex multi‐component distillation process is presented. Vapor‐liquid equilibria and distillation column models are developed individually, and further compiled together to yield a holistic distillation model tailored for an industrial example. Miniplant‐scale distillation hardware is applied to both develop and test the model. The experimental work and test runs required for model development are described in detail and the resulting model is verified against experimental data.
Study on Evaporating Characteristics of a Coaxial Two Impinging‐Stream Concentrator
Authors: Yan J. , Liu X.‐Y. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBased on the coaxial two impinging‐streams principle, a new device for solution concentration was built and studied theoretically and experimentally. The experimental study focused on the effects of inlet air temperature, inlet air flow rate, and accelerating pipe length on the volumetric evaporative coefficient of the impinging‐stream concentrator (ISC). The results show that the ISC has a relatively high volumetric evaporative coefficient, which increases with higher inlet air flow rates and higher inlet air temperature, and the ISC with a shorter accelerating pipe is more efficient. A theoretical model was suggested based on the consideration of mass, heat, and momentum transfers between liquid droplets and hot air. The concentration process of a sucrose solution in the ISC was simulated using the model and the results were compared with the experimental results, which indicated that the suggested model is reliable with a maximum relative error of less than 6.6 %.
Endothelial cell protrusion and migration in three‐dimensional collagen matrices
Authors: Martins Gabriel G. , Kolega John 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMany cells display dramatically different morphologies when migrating in 3D matrices vs. on planar substrata. How these differences arise and the implications they have on cell migration are not well understood. To address these issues, we examined the locomotive structure and behavior of bovine aortic endothelial cells (ECs) either inside 3D collagen gels or on 2D surfaces. Using time‐lapse imaging, immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy, we identified key morphological differences between ECs in 3D collagen gels vs. on 2D substrata, and also demonstrated important functional similarities. In 3D matrices, ECs formed cylindrical branching pseudopodia, while on 2D substrata they formed wide flat lamellae. Three distinct cytoplasmic zones were identified in both conditions: (i) a small, F‐actin‐rich, rapidly moving peripheral zone, (ii) a larger, more stable, intermediate zone characterized by abundant microtubules and small organelles, and (iii) a locomotively inert central zone rich in microtubules, and containing the larger organelles. There were few differences between 2D and 3D cells in the content and behavior of their peripheral and central zones, whereas major differences were seen in the shape and types of movements displayed by the intermediate zone, which appeared critical in distributing cell–matrix adhesions and directing cytoplasmic flow. This morphological and functional delineation of cytoplasmic zones provides a conceptual framework for understanding differences in the behavior of cells in 3D and 2D environments, and indicates that cytoskeletal structure and dynamics in the relatively uncharacterized intermediate zone may be particularly important in cell motility in general. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of LCD iterative method in the finite element and finite difference solution of convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Catabriga L. , Valli A. M. P. , Melotti B. Z. , Pessoa L. M. , Coutinho A. L. G. A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this work, we evaluate the performance of the left conjugate direction method (LCD) for the solution of non‐symmetric systems of linear equations arising from finite element and finite difference discretizations of the convection–diffusion equation. We extend the LCD algorithm proposed by Dai and Yuan (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2004; 60:1383–1399) to accommodate restarts. Our discussion considers comparison studies between the computational efficiency of the GMRES and LCD methods and some issues related to the choice of the forcing term in the inexact Newton method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional analysis of murine CBF1 during Drosophila development
Authors: Kaspar Markus , Klein Thomas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTranscription factors of the CSL family are the main mediators of the Notch signalling pathway. The CSL factor in Drosophila is called Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)) and it has been shown that it acts as a transcriptional repressor in the absence of a Notch signal and as a transcriptional activator in its presence in several developmental contexts. Furthermore, recent data suggest that Su(H) can also activate and maintain transcription of some target genes in a Notch‐independent manner. However, although it has been shown that the mammalian CSL ortholog, CBF1, acts as a repressor of transcription in cell culture experiments, so far in vivo evidence for such a function has been lacking. Moreover, it is not known whether CBF1 can activate transcription in a Notch‐independent manner, just like Su(H). Here we have investigated these questions by introducing murine CBF1 (mCBF1) and asked whether it can functionally replace Su(H) during Drosophila development. We found that this is indeed the case. We show that mCBF1 can act as a repressor of transcription and can activate and maintain the expression of some target genes in a Notch‐independent manner. Our results, therefore, indicate that CBF1 can exert these functions also in its normal context, that is during mammalian development. Developmental Dynamics 235:918–927, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zic3 is critical for early embryonic patterning during gastrulation
Authors: Ware Stephanie M. , Harutyunyan Karine G. , Belmont John W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMutations in the zinc finger transcription factor ZIC3 are associated with human left‐right patterning abnormalities (X‐linked heterotaxy, HTX1, MIM 306955), and mice null for Zic3 show a similar phenotype. However, the developmental function of Zic3 is largely unknown and its expression in early embryonic development suggests a role prior to organ formation. The current study of Zic3 null mice identifies a novel function for Zic3 in the gastrula‐stage embryo. Analysis of Zic3 function at early embryonic stages shows that it ensures the fidelity of embryonic patterning, including patterning of the anterior visceral endoderm, the initiation of gastrulation, and positioning of the primitive streak. At later stages, deficiency of Zic3 results in abnormal mesoderm allocation. These results indicate a requirement for Zic3 during early embryogenesis prior to cardiac and visceral organ patterning. Developmental Dynamics 235:776–785, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Monosubstitution of Hexakis(3,6‐anhydro)cyclomaltohexaose on Its Complexation Properties with Ions, with Special Attention to Heavy Metals
Authors: Rambaud Lauriane , Dalbiez Jean‐Pierre , Amekraz Badia , Moulin Christophe , Perly Bruno , Baudin Cécile 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report on the synthesis, characterisation and ionic complexation properties of mono‐2‐O‐carboxymethyl‐hexakis(3,6‐anhydro)cyclomaltohexaose sodium salt 1, as investigated by TLC and NMR. We demonstrate that the grafting of a carboxylate group not only modifies the complexation properties of the parent derivative in relation to heavy metals but also improves them. In this respect, we provide evidence that the gain in affinity is due to the cumulative effects of the molecular cage and the carboxylate group. Coupling of 1 to insoluble supports (bio‐polymers, liposomes, …) might be expected to afford new materials for the elimination of toxic metals in biological fluids or organs. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)