bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of inter‐fiber spacing and interfacial adhesion on failure of multi‐fiber model composites: Experiment and numerical analysis
Authors: Li Hongzhou , Jia Yuxi , Luan Shifang , Xiang Qian , Han Charles C. , Mamtimin Geni , Han Yanchun , An Lijia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe uniaxial tension experiments on glass‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy matrix composites reveal that the fragmentations of fibers display vertically aligned fracture, clustered fracture, coordinated fracture, and random fracture with the increase of inter‐fiber spacing. The finite element analysis indicates that the fragmentations of fibers displaying different phenomena are due to the stress concentration as well as the inherent randomness of fiber defects, which is the dominant factor. The experimental results show that matrices adjacent to the fiber breakpoints all exhibit birefringent‐whitening patterns for the composites with different interfacial adhesion strengths. The larger the extent of the interfacial debonding, the less the domain of the birefringent‐whitening patterns. The numerical analysis indicates that the orientation of the matrix adjacent to a fiber breakpoint is caused by the interfacial shear stress, resulting in the birefringent‐whitening patterns. The area of shear stress concentrations decides on the domain of the birefringent‐whitening patterns. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
ToF‐SIMS Imaging of DBD‐Plasma‐Printed Microspots on BOPP Substrates
Authors: Hinze Alena , Klages Claus‐Peter , Zänker Antje , Thomas Michael , Wirth Thomas , Unger Wolfgang E. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractImaging ToF‐SIMS has been applied to characterize the surface chemistry variations across small areas produced by a DBD‐type plasma printing technique on a BOPP substrate using pure nitrogen and a nitrogen‐hydrogen gas mixture. CH4N+ and CNO− secondary ions are detected with high yields remote from the discharge region. They are discussed to be due to surface modifications of the substrate by metastable gas‐phase species. On the other hand, surface species exist that are preferentially formed by reactions of the substrate with short‐lived species which are only present close to the plasma discharge region. A C3H8O+ secondary fragment ion is assumed to be a key fragment of such a surface species.magnified image
Enhanced oxygen diffusion in Czochralski silicon at 450–650 °C
Authors: Cui Can , Ma Xiangyang , Yang Deren 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNew evidence for the enhanced oxygen diffusion in Czochralski silicon at temperatures ranging from 450 °C to 650 °C has been obtained from oxygen precipitation in prolonged annealing of 750 °C following a variety of pre‐treatments involving slow ramping anneal or single‐step anneal. The two previously proposed fast‐diffusing species of oxygen–vacancy and oxygen–silicon‐interstitial to understand the enhanced oxygen diffusion at low temperatures are questioned. Moreover, the reason as why significant oxygen precipitation can occur at such a low temperature of 750 °C has been elucidated based on the enhanced oxygen diffusion at low temperatures. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in rat brain tissue with integrated unsupervised and supervised multivariant statistical analysis
Authors: Trim Paul J. , Atkinson Sally J. , Princivalle Alessandra P. , Marshall Peter S. , West Andrew , Clench Malcolm R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo date matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) analysis has been largely concerned with mapping the distribution of known analytes in tissues. An important step in the progression of its applications is the determination of unknown variants for metabolite and protein profiling in both clinical studies and studies of disease. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical approach which can be used as a means of determining latent variables in multivariate data sets. In the work reported here, PCA, in both unsupervised and supervised modes, has been used to differentiate brain regions based on their lipid composition determined by MALDI‐MSI. PCA has been shown to be useful in the determination of hidden variables between spectra taken from six regions of brain tissue. It is possible to identify ions of interest from the loadings plot which are likely to be more prominent in the different regions of the brain and thus differentiating between white and grey matter. It is also possible to distinguish between the grey Cerebellar Cortex and the Hippocampal formation, due to the grey Cerebellar Cortex having a positive PC2 and the Hippocampal formation having a negative PC2 score; this is only possible in supervised PCA with this data set because with unsupervised PCA the two regions overlap. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of metal‐nicotianamine complexes as affected by pH, ligand exchange with citrate and metal exchange. A study by electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Rellán‐Álvarez Rubén , Abadía Javier , Álvarez‐Fernández Ana 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNicotianamine (NA) is considered as a key element in plant metal homeostasis. This non‐proteinogenic amino acid has an optimal structure for chelation of metal ions, with six functional groups that allow octahedral coordination. The ability to chelate metals by NA is largely dependent on the pK of the resulting complex and the pH of the solution, with most metals being chelated at neutral or basic pH values. In silico calculations using pKa and pK values have predicted the occurrence of metal‐NA complexes in plant fluids, but the use of soft ionization techniques (e.g. electrospray), together with high‐resolution mass spectrometers (e.g. time‐of‐flight mass detector), can offer direct and metal‐specific information on the speciation of NA in solution. We have used direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (time‐of‐flight) ESI‐MS(TOF) to study the complexation of Mn, Fe(II), Fe(III), Ni, Cu by NA. The pH dependence of the metal‐NA complexes in ESI‐MS was compared to that predicted in silico. Possible exchange reactions that may occur between Fe‐NA and other metal micronutrients as Zn and Cu, as well as between Fe‐NA and citrate, another possible Fe ligand candidate in plants, were studied at pH 5.5 and 7.5, values typical of the plant xylem and phloem saps. Metal‐NA complexes were generally observed in the ESI‐MS experiments at a pH value approximately 1–2 units lower than that predicted in silico, and this difference could be only partially explained by the estimated error, approximately 0.3 pH units, associated with measuring pH in organic solvent‐containing solutions. Iron‐NA complexes are less likely to participate in ligand‐ and metal‐exchange reactions at pH 7.5 than at pH 5.5. Results support that NA may be the ligand chelating Fe at pH values usually found in phloem sap, whereas in the xylem sap NA is not likely to be involved in Fe transport, conversely to what occurs with other metals such as Cu and Ni. Some considerations that need to be addressed when studying metal complexes in plant compartments by ESI‐MS are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the high‐mass components of humic acid by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chilom Gabriela , Chilom Ovidiu , Rice James A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLeonardite and Elliot soil humic acids have been analyzed by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) in the m/z 4000–200 000 range. Positive ion mass spectra for each humic acid obtained under optimum conditions showed a broad high‐mass distribution between m/z 20 000 and 80 000. The dependence of the mass distribution on instrumental parameters and solution conditions was used to investigate the nature of the high‐mass peaks from humic acid spectra. Our data suggests that macromolecular ions and humic acid aggregates have the same probability of occurrence while cluster ion formation has a low probability of occurrence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust fault detection and isolation filter design under sensitivity constraint: An LMI approach
Authors: Armeni Saverio , Casavola Alessandro , Mosca Edoardo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the design of a residual generator (RG) for linear time‐invariant systems subject to simultaneous different faults, disturbances and measurement noises. The objective is to design an RG filter that maximizes the transmission from a potential fault to a related residual, while minimizing the ones from nuisances (disturbances, measurement noises and other faults). The isolation of each fault is carried out by designing a bank of RG filters, each one insensitive, as much as possible, to nuisances and capable of detecting the occurrence of its related fault. The design is carried out through ℋ︁∞ filtering techniques under an eigenstructure assignment constraint. Under mild assumptions, the RG filter can be obtained by solving a λ‐parameterized linear matrix inequality optimization problem. A comparison with existing fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods is considered in order to exhibit the relative merits of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the linear limitations by combining switching and QFT: Application to wind turbines pitch control systems
Authors: Garcia‐Sanz Mario , Elso Jorge 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces a methodology to design a family of robust controllers able to go beyond the classical linear limitations. Combining robust designs and stable switching, the new controllers optimize the time response of the system by fast adaptation of the controller parameters during the transient response according to certain rules based on the amplitude of the error. The methodology is based on both a new graphical stability criterion for switching linear systems and the robust quantitative feedback theory (QFT). It is applied to the design of a pitch control system, which is one of the most critical issues in wind turbines, where a tight combination of high reliability (robustness), minimum mechanical fatigue and performance optimization is required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent habitat association and the historical decline of Notropis simus pecosensis
Authors: Hoagstrom Christopher W. , Brooks James E. , Davenport Stephen R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSmall‐bodied, riverine minnows that historically characterized fish assemblages of Great Plains rivers in North America have declined because of river fragmentation, dewatering, river channel degradation, river salinization and nonnative species introductions. The Pecos bluntnose shiner Notropis simus pecosensis, a member of this guild, persists in one segment of the Pecos River, New Mexico, USA. We characterized habitat associations for the species at two spatial scales. In general, N. s. pecosensis associated with fluvial habitats, but velocity association depended on body size, with larger individuals using swifter habitats. All N. s. pecosensis associated with relatively low depths (3–51 cm), which were most abundant in sites with relatively wide river channels (>25 m), especially when discharge was between 0.5 and 4.0 m3 s−1. The Pecos River sub‐segment that is occupied by the core population of N. s. pecosensis (V‐ii) had a unique combination of being buffered from direct dam effects by intervening segments and sub‐segments, high sub‐segment length, substantial sediment inputs from numerous uncontrolled tributaries, substantial base flow provided by irrigation return flows and groundwater inflows, high channel width in relation to discharge and low salinity. Although no unoccupied Pecos River segment appears to be suitable for N. s. pecosensis, habitat restoration opportunities exist within all occupied sub‐segments (V‐i, V‐ii and V‐iii) via base flow enhancement and river channel restoration. Restoration that offsets chronic effects of dams may be necessary to conserve the species. Restoration would also benefit other rare riverine minnows that coexist with N. s. pecosensis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mechanistic model of woody debris jam evolution and its application to wood‐based restoration and management
Authors: Manners R. B. , Doyle M. W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe natural tendency of woody debris to accumulate into complex debris jams has been adapted by the restoration industry because of the morphological and ecological benefits of these structures. While much work has been done on woody debris, there is a lack of understanding of the dynamics of debris jams including the controls on their formation and the associated changes in hydraulics. Treatment of jams as static structures, whose hydraulics may be described by that of a single‐solid object, prevents optimal success of wood‐based restoration projects. This paper reviews the state of the science on the initiation and accumulation of wood forming a debris jam. This review is used to develop a conceptual model of the evolution of a single debris jam focussing on the relationship between the structure and hydraulics and the feedback that exists between them. The proposed mechanisms behind debris jam evolution are supported by a case‐study of three natural jams. Incorporation of this model into restoration and management plans will result in more successful and cost‐efficient projects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The emergence of team creative cognition: the role of diverse outside ties, sociocognitive network centrality, and team evolution
Authors: Shalley Christina E. , Perry‐Smith Jill E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe introduce the concept of team creative cognition and discuss how it is transferred and infused within the team to enable the team's creativity. Specifically, we propose that diverse personal ties outside of the team shape and strengthen individual team member's ‘creative muscle,’ and that this individual creative cognition is infused within the team through modeling processes, ultimately resulting in team creative cognition. We further propose that team member centrality in the team's sociocognitive network, as well as the evolution of the entrepreneurial team, are critical to fully understanding the infusion process and the resulting emergence of team creative cognition. Copyright © 2008 Strategic Management Society.
A method for the meta‐analysis of mutually exclusive binary outcomes
Authors: Trikalinos Thomas A. , Olkin Ingram 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMeta‐analyses of multiple outcomes need to take into account the within‐study correlation across the different outcomes. Here we focus on the meta‐analysis of dichotomous outcomes that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Correlations between effect sizes for mutually exclusive outcomes are negative and can be obtained from data already available. We present both fixed‐effects and random‐effects methods that account for the negative correlations and yield correct simultaneous confidence intervals for both the marginal outcome‐specific effect sizes and the relative effect sizes between outcomes. Formulae for the odds ratio, risk ratio, risk difference, and the differences in the arcsin‐transformed risks are provided. An example of a meta‐analysis of randomized trials of radiotherapy and mastectomy with axillary lymph node clearance versus only mastectomy with axillary clearance for early breast cancer is presented. The mutually exclusive outcomes of breast cancer deaths and deaths secondary to other causes are examined in separate meta‐analyses, and also by taking the between‐outcome correlation into account. We argue that mutually exclusive outcomes in the meta‐analyses of binary data are optimally analyzed in a multinomial setting. This may also be applicable when a meta‐analysis examines only one out of several mutually exclusive outcomes. For large sample sizes and/or low event counts, the covariances between outcome‐specific effect sizes are small, and either ignoring them or accounting for them would result in similar estimates for any practical purpose. However, meta‐analysts should explore the robustness of the findings from individual meta‐analyses when mutually exclusive outcomes are assessed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for managing knowledge in strategic alliances in the biotechnology sector
Authors: Standing Susan , Standing Craig , Lin Chad 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBiotechnology is a rapidly expanding field of science that has led to the formation of a large number of companies that together form a significant sector within the Australian economy. Even though there has been considerable growth in the Australian biotechnology sector as a whole, a large percentage of Australian biotechnology firms are small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) that suffer from a lack of funding and expertise. The development and management of effective strategic alliances are critical to the success and development of biotechnology firms as they provide opportunities to share resources and expertise, access funding and develop new ideas. However, developing and managing strategic alliances is fraught with difficulties which are compounded by size and resource asymmetries and the nature of the biotechnology market. In this paper, we identify the difficulties faced by biotechnology firms and examine the importance of knowledge management related to alliance formation and development with special reference to the Australian context. We examine the knowledge and expertise that are required to be effective in developing strategic alliances in the biotechnology sector and provide a framework for managing knowledge related to strategic alliances. We suggest that critical systems approaches, in particular creative holism, are needed to manage the various forms of knowledge associated with strategic alliances. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalization of the Harris current sheet model for non-relativistic, relativistic and pair plasmas
Authors: BALIKHIN M. , GEDALIN M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractReconnection is believed to be responsible for plasma acceleration in a large number of space and astrophysical objects. Onset of reconnection is usually related to instabilities of current sheet equilibria. Analytical self-consistent models of an equilibrium current sheet (Harris equilibrium) are known for non-relativistic plasmas and some special cases of relativistic plasmas. We develop a description of generalized Harris equilibria in collisionless non-relativistic and relativistic plasmas. Possible shapes of the magnetic field are analyzed.
An Uncontrolled Evaluation of Group Behavioural Activation for Depression
Authors: Houghton Simon , Curran Joe , Saxon Dave 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBehavioural Activation is a contemporary contextual psychological treatment for depression. The outcome of a series of five treatment groups involving a total of 42 patients presenting to a psychotherapy department with self-reported depression is reported. Three of the treatment groups were delivered by two cognitive behavioural psychotherapists, two of the groups were delivered by a single cognitive behavioural psychotherapist and a trainee with no previous experience of the approach. The results suggest that group Behavioural Activation is an effective and tolerable treatment as indicated by BDI-II, CORE scores and the low drop-out rate. The methodological limitations of the findings are discussed.
Nutritional profile of foods offered and consumed in a Belgian university canteen
Authors: Lachat Carl K , Huybregts Lieven F , Roberfroid Dominique A , Van Camp John , Remaut-De Winter Anne-Marie E , Debruyne Petra , Kolsteren Patrick W 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional profile of a lunch offered and consumed in a university canteen in Belgium.DesignThe qualitative and quantitative content of 4365 meals theoretically available and 330 meals consumed was recorded during five weekdays spread over three weeks. Meal combinations were evaluated using a scoring system based on recommendations for Na content, energy from fat, and fruit and vegetable portions.SettingUniversity canteen in Belgium.ResultsOnly a 5 % of the meal combinations available and consumed complied with the three basic dietary recommendations for a hot lunch. The nutritional profile of the meals consumed was in line with that of the meals available.ConclusionsOur results show how the nutritional profile of what is eaten is largely determined by what is offered. To ensure overall compliance with dietary recommendations, considerable changes on the supply side, i.e. an increase in fruit and vegetable portions and a reduction in salt and fat of the lunch, are needed first in our setting. Our assessment provides baseline data to pilot a nutrient profiling intervention and shows how a nutrient profiling system can be used for meal evaluation purposes.
Selection of bacterial populations in the mycosphere of Laccaria proxima: is type III secretion involved?
Authors: Warmink Jan Aaldrik , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The bacterial communities in the Laccaria proxima mycosphere (soil from beneath fruiting bodies) and the corresponding bulk soil were compared by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods. To assess the distribution of type III secretion systems (TTSS), a PCR-based system for the broad detection of a highly conserved gene involved in TTSS, that is hrcR, was developed and used to assay the cultured bacteria from the L. proxima mycosphere and surrounding bulk soil. PCR-DGGE based on the 16S ribosomal RNA gene showed the selection of presumably mycosphere-specific bacterial groups in the mycosphere of L. proxima compared to the bulk soil in 3 sampling years. Moreover, plate counts revealed that the numbers of culturable heterotrophic bacteria were increased in the mycosphere as compared to the bulk soil. Strikingly, the percentage of randomly picked isolates that carried the hrcR gene showed a significant increase, from 2.8 in the bulk to 13.4 in the mycosphere soil. The increase could be mainly attributed to the emergence of a hrcR positive Pseudomonas fluorescens, denoted BS053, which constituted the most dominant species in the culturable mycosphere communities. This organism was, together with a hrcR-positive Burkholderia terrae BS110, exclusively found in mycosphere soil. Direct detection of hrcR genes using a cultivation-independent approach showed the selection of several hrcR gene types uniquely in the mycosphere, indicating the selection of several TTSS-harboring bacterial species. Thus, different bacteria were found to be enriched in the L. proxima mycosphere and TTSS can be involved in some of the interactions with the fungal host.