bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microgel‐Based Stimuli‐Responsive Capsules
Authors: Berger Sebastian , Zhang Haiping , Pich Andrij 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a preparation of stimuli‐responsive capsules based on aqueous microgels is described. Microgel particles act as stabilizers for oil‐in‐water emulsion and organize themselves on the surface of chloroform droplets containing the biodegradable polymer poly(4‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). After chloroform evaporation, composite capsules consisting of a thin PHBV wall with integrated microgels are obtained. Due to the presence of microgels acting as sensitive building blocks, the capsules respond to different stimuli (temperature, solvent concentration). Preliminary results indicate that the capsule dimensions and morphology can be tuned by microgel and PHBV concentration in water and chloroform, respectively.
Exploiting a Dual‐Fluorescence Process in Fluorene–Dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxideCo‐Polymers to Give Efficient Single Polymer LEDs with Broadened Emission
Authors: King Simon M. , Perepichka Irene I. , Perepichka Igor F. , Dias Fernando B. , Bryce Martin R. , Monkman Andrew P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA description of the synthesis of random (9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl)–(dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide‐3,7‐diyl) co‐polymers (p(F‐S)x) by palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization where the feed ratio of the latter is varied from 2 to 30 mol % (i.e., x = 2–30) is given. Polymer light emitting devices are fabricated with the configuration indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid)/p(F–S)x/Ba/Al. The device external quantum efficiency increased as the ratio of the S co‐monomer was increased, up to a maximum of 1.3% at 100 mA cm−2 for p(F‐S)30 and a brightness of 3 770 cd m−2 (at 10 V). The S units impart improved electron injection, more balanced mobilities, and markedly improved device performance compared to poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) under similar conditions. These co‐polymers display broad emission, observed as greenish‐white light, which arises from dual fluorescence, viz. both local excited states and charge transfer states. Utilizing dual emission can reduce problems associated with Förster energy transfer from high‐energy to‐low energy excited states.
Modeling of a continuous rotary reactor for carbon nanotube synthesis by catalytic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Pirard Sophie L. , Pirard Jean‐Paul , Bossuot Christophe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe modeling of carbon nanotube production by the CCVD process in a continuous rotary reactor with mobile bed was performed according to a rigorous chemical reaction engineering approach. The geometric, hydrodynamic, physical and physicochemical factors governing the process were analyzed in order to establish the reactor equations. While the study of the hydrodynamic factor suggests a co‐current plug‐flow approximation, the physical factor mainly deals with the phenomena of transport and the transfer of mass, which can be neglected. Concerning the physicochemical factor, the modeling is based on knowledge of the expression of the initial reaction rate, and takes into account catalytic deactivation as a function of time, according to a sigmoid decreasing law. The reactor modeling allows obtaining the evolution of partial pressure, carbon nanotube production and catalytic deactivation along the reactor for given initial operating conditions. The comparison between experimental and calculated production highlights a very good fit of data. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Autosomal dominant inheritance of cardiac valves anomalies in two families: Extended spectrum of left‐ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Wessels Marja W. , van de Laar Ingrid M.B.H. , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien , Strikwerda Sipke , Majoor‐Krakauer Danielle F. , de Vries Bert B.A. , Kerstjens‐Frederikse Wilhelmina S. , Vos Yvonne J. , de Graaf Bianca M. , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M. , Willems Patrick J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOnly a limited number of families with clear monogenic inheritance of nonsyndromic forms of congenital valve defects have been described. We describe two multiplex pedigrees with a similar nonsyndromic form of heart valve anomalies that segregate as an autosomal dominant condition. The first family is a three‐generation pedigree with 10 family members affected with congenital defects of the cardiac valves, including six patients with aortic stenosis and/or aortic regurgitation. Pulmonary and/or tricuspid valve abnormalities were present in three patients, and ventricular septal defect (VSD) was present in two patients. The second family consists of 11 patients in three generations with aortic valve stenosis in seven patients, defects of the pulmonary valves in two patients, and atrial septal defect (ASD) in two patients. Incomplete penetrance was observed in both families. Although left‐ventricular outflow tract obstruction was present in most family members, the co‐occurrence with pulmonary valve abnormalities and septal defects in both families is uncommon. These families provide evidence that left‐sided obstructive defects and thoracic aortic aneurysm may be accompanied by right‐sided defects, and even septal defects. These families might be instrumental in identifying genes involved in cardiac valve morphogenesis and malformation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel CDKL5 mutation in a 47,XXY boy with the early‐onset seizure variant of Rett syndrome
Authors: Sartori Stefano , Di Rosa Gabriella , Polli Roberta , Bettella Elisa , Tricomi Giovanni , Tortorella Gaetano , Murgia Alessandra 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMutations of the cyclin‐dependent kinase‐like 5 gene (CDKL5), reported almost exclusively in female subjects, have been recently found to be the cause of a phenotype overlapping Rett syndrome with early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy. We describe the first CDKL5 mutation detected in a male individual with 47,XXY karyotype. This previously unreported, de novo, mutation truncates the large CDKL5 COOH‐terminal region, thought to be crucial for the proper sub‐cellular localization of the CDKL5 protein. The resulting phenotype is characterized by a severe early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy, global developmental delay, and profound intellectual and motor impairment with features reminiscent of Rett syndrome. In light of the data presented we discuss the possible phenotypic modulatory effects of the supernumerary wild type X allele and pattern of X chromosome inactivation and stress the importance of considering the causal involvement of CDKL5 in developmentally delayed males with early‐onset seizures. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the understanding of biobank participants
Authors: Ormond K.E. , Cirino A.L. , Helenowski I.B. , Chisholm R.L. , Wolf W.A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBiobanks have been developed as a tool to better understand the genetic basis of disease by linking DNA samples to corresponding medical information. The broad scope of such projects presents a challenge to informed consent and participant understanding. To address this, 200 telephone interviews were conducted with participants in the NUgene Project, Northwestern University's biobank. Interviews included a modified version of the “quality of informed consent measure” (QuIC) and semi‐structured questions which were analyzed thematically for 109 of the interviews. The QuIC, originally applied to cancer clinical trials, objectively assessed some of the components of informed consent for a biobank, and interview questions provided rich data to assist in interpreting participant understanding. The best understood domains included: the nature of the study, benefit to future patients, and the voluntary nature of participation. Lower knowledge scores included: potential risks and discomforts, experimental nature of the research, procedures in the event of study‐related injury, and confidentiality issues. Qualitatively, confidentiality protections of the study were described as good by most (>50%). Although some cited concerns with employer (12%) or insurance discrimination (25%), most considered the risks to privacy low (25%) or none (∼60%). Only 10% of participants explicitly stated they had no expectation for personal benefit, and when asked whether they expected to be contacted with study results, respondents were split between having no expectation (39%), being hopeful for results (37%) and expecting to be contacted with results (12%). These findings are informative to those establishing and implementing biobanks, and to the IRBs reviewing such studies. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interstitial deletion 2p11.2–p12: Report of a patient with mental retardation and review of the literature
Authors: Tzschach Andreas , Graul‐Neumann Luitgard M. , Konrat Kateryna , Richter Reyk , Ebert Grit , Ullmann Reinhard , Neitzel Heidemarie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDeletions of chromosome bands 2p11.2 and 2p12 are rare, and only six patients have been reported to date. Here, we report on a 5‐year‐old girl with an 11.4 Mb interstitial deletion of chromosome bands 2p11.2–p12 and the characterization of this deletion by high‐resolution array CGH. The patient presented with mental retardation, microcephaly and short stature. Facial features included broad nasal bridge, frontal bossing and mild dolichocephaly. Phenotypic comparison with previously published patients failed to reveal a consistent clinical pattern apart from developmental delay/mental retardation, which is probably due to different sizes and/or positions of the individual deletions. Among the 40 known genes deleted in our patient is REEP1, haploinsufficiency of which causes autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia type 31 (SPG31, OMIM 610250). Additional patients with well‐characterized deletions within 2p11.2 and 2p12 will be needed to determine the role of individual genes for the clinical manifestations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heteroanalogues of PCBM: N‐Bridged Imino‐PCBMs for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Changduk , Cho Shinuk , Heeger Alan J. , Wudl Fred 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAuf der Brücke: Zwei isomere Iminofullerene, das [5,6]‐offene Azafulleroid 1 und das [6,6]‐geschlossene Aziridinofulleren 2, wurden durch Cycloaddition eines organischen Azids an C60 erhalten. An diesen „Azaloga“ lässt sich der Einfluss des Brückenatoms in einem Fullerenkäfig, d. h. C60‐artig (5,6‐offen) gegenüber PCBM‐artig (6,6‐geschlossen), als Funktion des π‐Systems untersuchen (PCBM=[6,6]‐Phenyl‐C61‐buttersäuremethylester).magnified image
Molecular Catalysts that Oxidize Water to Dioxygen
Authors: Sala Xavier , Romero Isabel , Rodríguez Montserrat , Escriche Lluís , Llobet Antoni 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWater into oxygen: A good catalyst for converting water into oxygen is seen as an essential part of any sustainable solar‐energy conversion scheme. Some success has been achieved using molecular complexes as catalysts and the key factors influencing their performance are discussed. The necessity of generating a solid‐state catalytic system is presented and the first attempts to generate supported molecular water‐oxidation catalysts are analyzed.magnified imageDuring the past four years we have witnessed a revolution in the field of water‐oxidation catalysis, in which well‐defined molecules are opening up entirely new possibilities for the design of more rugged and efficient catalysts. This revolution has been stimulated by two factors: the urgent need for clean and renewable fuel and the intrinsic human desire to mimic nature's reactions, in this case the oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) of the photosystem II (PSII). Herein we give a short general overview of the established basis for the oxidation of water to dioxygen as well as presenting the new developments in the field. Furthermore, we describe the new avenues these developments are opening up with regard to catalyst design and performance, together with the new questions they pose, especially from a mechanistic perspective. Finally the challenges the field is facing are also discussed.
Heteroanalogues of PCBM: N‐Bridged Imino‐PCBMs for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Changduk , Cho Shinuk , Heeger Alan J. , Wudl Fred 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCrossing the bridge: Two isomeric iminofullerenes, [5,6]‐open azafulleroid 1 and [6,6]‐closed aziridinofullerene 2, were prepared by cycloaddition of an organic azide to C60. These “azalogues” enable the study of the effects of the bridging atom in a fullerene cage, that is, C60‐like (5,6‐open) versus PCBM‐like (6,6‐closed), as a function of their π systems (PCBM=[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester).magnified image
Fluorescence Signal Amplification by Cation Exchange in Ionic Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Jishan , Zhang Tierui , Ge Jianping , Yin Yadong , Zhong Wenwan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLighting‐up time: A cation‐exchange reaction releases thousands of divalent cations from nonfluorescent CdSe ionic crystals and triggers fluorescence from thousands of originally nonfluorescent Fluo‐4 fluorophores to obtain a large fluorescence amplification (see picture) and a low detection limit in bioassays. The technique is fast, simple, with a large dye‐to‐reporter labeling ratio, and flexible in selection of nanocrystals and fluorophores.magnified image
Photolysis of the Sulfonamide Bond of Metal Complexes of N‐Dansyl‐1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclododecane in Aqueous Solution: A Mechanistic Study and Application to the Photorepair of cis,syn‐Cyclobutane Thymine Photodimer
Authors: Aoki Shin , Tomiyama Yumiko , Kageyama Yoshiyuki , Yamada Yasuyuki , Shiro Motoo , Kimura Eiichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractConditional cleavage: Photochemical SN bond cleavage of the Zn2+ complex of N‐dansylcyclen (ZnL2) in aqueous solution was investigated. Moreover, photolysis of ZnL2 (see scheme) facilitated photoreversion of cis,syn‐thymine photodimer (T[c,s]T).magnified imageSulfonamide constitutes a ubiquitous functional group that is frequently used in organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. We report herein on the photolysis of a dansylamide moiety of 1‐dansyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazzacyclododecane (N‐dansylcyclen, L2) in the presence of a zinc(II) ion in aqueous solution. By potentiometric pH titrations, the complexation constant for the 1:1 complex of L2 and Zn2+, log Ks(ZnL2), in aqueous solution at 25 °C with I=0.1 (NaNO3) was determined to be 6.5±0.1. The structure of the ZnL2 complex was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. During fluorescence titrations of L2 with Zn2+ (irradiation at 308 or 350 nm) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4 (10 mM HEPES with I=0.1 (NaNO3)) and 25 °C, considerable enhancement in fluorescence emission of the Zn2+ complex of L2 (ZnL2) was observed, while metal‐free L2 exhibited only a negligible emission change upon UV irradiation. It was revealed that this emission enhancement arose from the photoinduced cleavage of a sulfonylamide moiety in ZnL2, yielding the Zn2+‐cyclen complex and 5‐dimethylaminonaphthalene‐1‐sulfinic acid, which has a greater quantum yield (Φ) for fluorescence emission than that of L2 and ZnL2. For comparison, the photolysis of N‐(1‐naphthalenesulfonyl)cyclen (L3) and its Zn2+ complex (ZnL3) under the same conditions (irradiation at 313 nm) gave the corresponding sulfonate (1‐naphthylsulfonate). We also describe the results of a photoreversion reaction of cis,syn‐cyclobutane thymine photodimer (T[c,s]T) utilizing the photolysis of ZnL2 and ZnL3.
Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and isolated major malformations
Authors: Gilboa Suzanne M. , Strickland Matthew J. , Olshan Andrew F. , Werler Martha M. , Correa Adolfo ,   and The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Antihistamines are commonly used during pregnancy. There is little evidence that they have teratogenic effects, but there are knowledge gaps with respect to newer products, as well as the relationship between specific antihistamines and specific birth defects.METHODS:Using the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2003), the authors examined associations between maternal use of 14 antihistamines during early pregnancy and 26 isolated major birth defects. A Bayesian analysis incorporating prior knowledge about the relationships between antihistamines, birth defects, and measured covariates was conducted.RESULTS:Of the 364 associations investigated, 24 had 95% posterior intervals excluding 1.0. All 24 associations were positive; 23 associations were of weak to moderate magnitude (posterior OR < 3.0) and one was strong (OR > 6.0) but very imprecise. Of the 24 associations, 20 were with noncardiac defects. Eight associations involved the antihistamine diphenhydramine.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study generally were consistent with no association between birth defects and antihistamine use during early pregnancy. Several of the findings might warrant further investigation, although the observed elevated associations should be interpreted in the context of the number of associations investigated and the analysis of retrospective, self‐reported data. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An association study of 45 folate‐related genes in spina bifida: Involvement of cubilin (CUBN) and tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1)
Authors: Franke Barbara , Vermeulen Sita H.H.M. , Steegers‐Theunissen Regine P.M. , Coenen Marieke J. , Schijvenaars Mascha M.V.A.P. , Scheffer Hans , den Heijer Martin , Blom Henk J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Spina bifida is a class of neural tube defects, which are congenital malformations of the central nervous system with a prevalence of 0.5 to 12 per 1000 births globally. In this article we attempt to identify genes related to folate and its metabolic pathways that are involved in the etiology of spina bifida.METHODS:We selected 50 folate metabolism–related genes and genotyped polymorphisms in those genes. Eighty‐seven polymorphisms in 45 genes passed quality controls. Associations with spina bifida were investigated in 180 patients and 190 controls. For those polymorphisms that were nominally associated with spina bifida risk, the relation with serum and red blood cell folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine was evaluated in controls.RESULTS:A polymorphism in CUBN was significantly associated with decreased spina bifida risk, after correction for multiple testing, and was related to increased vitamin B12 (p = 0.039) and red blood cell folate (p = 0.001). The CUBN gene encodes the intrinsic factor–cobalamin receptor (or cubilin), a peripheral membrane protein that acts as a receptor for intrinsic factor–vitamin B12 complexes. Vitamin B12 is an important cofactor in the folate metabolism, and low B12 status in mothers has been linked to neural tube defects in children. Other interesting findings include nominally significant associations with polymorphisms in TRDMT1, ALDH1L1, SARDH, and SLCA19A1 (RFC1).CONCLUSION:Our study indicates interesting new candidate genes and functional pathways for further study and confirms earlier findings. None of the genes CUBN, TRDMT1, ALDH1L1, or SARDH have been investigated previously for association with spina bifida. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex
Authors: Ludwig Michael , Ching Bonnie , Reutter Heiko , Boyadjiev Simeon A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex (BEEC) represents an anterior midline defect with variable expression comprising a spectrum of anomalies involving the abdominal wall, pelvis, urinary tract, genitalia, and occasionally the spine and anus. The vast majority of BEEC cases are classified as non‐syndromic and the etiology of this malformation is still unknown. This review presents the current state of knowledge on this multifactorial disorder, including historical retrospect, phenotypic and anatomical characterization, epidemiology, proposed developmental mechanisms, existing animal models, and implicated genetic and environmental components. These published lines of evidence argue strongly that BEEC occurs as a result of strong genetic predisposition that is yet to be deciphered. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of static magnetic field on magnetosome formation and expression of mamA, mms13, mms6 and magA in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB‐1
Authors: Wang Xiaoke , Liang Likun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria produce nanometer‐size intracellular magnetic crystals. The superior crystalline and magnetic properties of magnetosomes have been attracting much interest in medical applications. To investigate effects of intense static magnetic field on magnetosome formation in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB‐1, cultures inoculated with either magnetic or non‐magnetic pre‐cultures were incubated under 0.2 T static magnetic field or geomagnetic field. The results showed that static magnetic field could impair the cellular growth and raise Cmag values of the cultures, which means that the percentage of magnetosome‐containing bacteria was increased. Static magnetic field exposure also caused an increased number of magnetic particles per cell, which could contribute to the increased cellular magnetism. The iron depletion in medium was slightly increased after static magnetic field exposure. The linearity of magnetosome chain was also affected by static magnetic field. Moreover, the applied intense magnetic field up‐regulated mamA, mms13, magA expression when cultures were inoculated with magnetic cells, and mms13 expression in cultures inoculated with non‐magnetic cells. The results implied that the interaction of the magnetic field created by magnetosomes in AMB‐1 was affected by the imposed magnetic field. The applied static magnetic field could affect the formation of magnetic crystals and the arrangement of the neighboring magnetosome. Bioelectromagnetics 30:313–321, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Music in MATLAB: A series of programming challenges for an introductory course
Authors: Moor S. Scott 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStudents often find introductory programming a difficult new world. To help motivate students there are many examples of courses using robotics or graphics to provide a more concrete result for programming exercises. MATLAB's ability to output a time series to the sound card of a PC provides an opportunity for problems that create sounds and music instead of numbers. This approach requires little or no equipment to implement. Project challenges involving the creation and analysis of sound were developed to illustrate engineering and programming concepts in an introductory Engineering Computer Tools Course. Easily implemented in MATLAB by first‐year students, these challenges include structured programming, graphing, file manipulation, and simple analysis of sound waves. Problems where developed that illustrate almost all aspects of the course from a script that plays a very simple tune through a general song player that reads a data file containing the note names, durations, and amplitudes. This player requires the use of different data types, loops, conditionals, and sub‐functions. In addition to developing students understanding of computer manipulations they are introduced to a range of important engineering topics including: waves, sampling, digital representation of analog phenomenon, sound, signal processing, analog/digital conversion, and bit resolution. These projects have added an interesting and memorable variation into the course. The students have found these projects challenging and it has been important to develop aids for them working with sound. Particularly important is providing materials to help students who have little or no musical training. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 67–76, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20201