bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated Annealing Study of Self‐Assembly of Symmetric ABA Triblock Copolymers Confined in Cylindrical Nanopores
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Baohui , Jin Qinghua , Ding Datong , Shi An‐Chang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report a simulated annealing study of the self‐assembly of symmetric lamella‐forming ABA triblock copolymers confined in cylindrical nanopores. We systematically examine the dependence of the self‐assembled morphologies and structural parameters on the degree of confinement and the strength of the surface preference. We find that the confined morphologies for the symmetric ABA triblocks withfA = 1/2 are similar to those for the symmetric or nearly symmetric AB diblock copolymers under the same confinement. We also find that different structural parameters can reflect different information. The predicted bridging fraction value for the bulk phase is in good agreement with previously established values, whereas the predicted values for the confined morphologies change with both the degree of confinement and the strength of the surface preference. We further explore the self‐assembling process by examining the morphology and various ensemble‐averaged thermodynamic quantities and structure parameters as a function of the reduced temperature.magnified image
13C and 1H NMR signal assignments of some new synthetic dehydroabietic acid derivatives
Authors: de Carvalho Marinaldo S. , Baptistella Lúcia H. B. , Imamura Paulo M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR signal assignments of a series of new synthetic derivatives of dehydroabietic acid are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A population‐based observational study of dental caries among survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Wogelius Pia , Dahllöf Göran , Gorst‐Rasmussen Anders , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Rosthøj Steen , Poulsen Sven 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe few published studies on caries among childhood cancer survivors are small and their results are conflicting. The study aim was to examine the risk of dental caries among children who have survived cancer.ProcedureWe included 299,426 7‐year‐old, 313,461 12‐year‐old, and 301,930 15‐year‐old children born between 1984 and 1988 in a nationwide population‐based study linking records from Danish Cancer Registry with records from the national database on oral health. Children whose dental examinations had been preceded by a cancer diagnosis (288 7‐year‐old, 459 12‐year‐old, and 526 15‐year‐old) were compared with children without cancer according to presence of caries: caries‐free children; children with any caries experience; and children with severe caries experience (i.e., caries in one or more smooth tooth surface).ResultsChildren diagnosed with cancer before the age of 5 years did not have increased caries prevalence in permanent teeth at ages 12; and 15. Children diagnosed with cancer between 5 and 6 years of age had an increased prevalence of severe caries at age 12 years (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.59 (95% CI: 1.09–2.31; P = 0.02)), but this difference disappeared by age 15. For children diagnosed with cancer at 5 or 6 years of age and who received radiation therapy the PR of severe caries was 1.52 (95% CI: 0.97–2.37; P = 0.07), 2.13 (95% CI: 0.89–5.10; P = 0.09), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.07–1.45; P = 0.13) at ages seven, 12 and 15 years respectively.ConclusionCancer and cancer treatment during childhood are risk factors for caries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1221–1226. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prospective longitudinal multicenter study of coagulation in pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Brandão Leonardo R. , Kletzel Morris , Boulad Farid , Kurtzberg Joanne , Maloney Kelly , Fligman Igal , Sison Cristina P. , DiMichele Donna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThrombotic complications occur in adult patients undergoing stem cell transplantation (SCT), especially following high dose chemo‐radiotherapy. There is little published information in children on the impact of SCT on coagulation, as well as potential correlations between altered coagulation and SCT‐associated thrombosis and organ failure.ProcedureForty three pediatric subjects who underwent allogeneic SCT were prospectively evaluated for congenital thrombophilia, anticoagulant levels, coagulation activation, and fibrinolysis at pre‐established set points encompassing the period from the 2 to 4 weeks prior to conditioning to 28 days post‐transplantation.ResultsA significant decrease of protein C and antithrombin levels was found in 39% and 31% of subjects respectively, between SCT days +6 and +7. A peak in plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 levels in 31% of subjects was noted between days +9 and +10. No subject experienced a thrombotic event or other SCT‐related organ failure. Antithrombin deficiency correlated with underlying malignancy, donor HLA‐mismatch, and TBI, whereas decreased PC activity demonstrated a trend of association with lack of T‐cell depletion and TBI. Prophylactic heparin did not influence the pattern of acquired hemostatic abnormalities observed in this cohort.ConclusionsChildren undergoing allogeneic SCT develop a state of acquired thrombophilia in the early post‐transplantation period. Although no SCT‐related thromboembolic events were observed, our results provide new information about the hemostatic changes in children undergoing allogeneic SCT and their potential clinical triggers. The significance of these findings requires further prospective evaluation in a larger cohort of patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1240–1246. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for nonadherence to warfarin: results from the IN‐RANGE study
Authors: Platt Alec B. , Localio A. Russell , Brensinger Colleen M. , Cruess Dean G. , Christie Jason D. , Gross Robert , Parker Catherine S. , Price Maureen , Metlay Joshua P. , Cohen Abigail , Newcomb Craig W. , Strom Brian L. , Laskin Mitchell S. , Kimmel Stephen E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundWarfarin is widely used to prevent stroke and venous thromboembolism despite its narrow therapeutic window. Warfarin nonadherence is a substantial problem, but risk factors have not been well elucidated.MethodsA prospective cohort study of adults initiating warfarin at two anticoagulation clinics (University and VA‐affiliated) was performed to determine factors affecting nonadherence to warfarin. Nonadherence, defined by failure to record a correct pill bottle opening each day, was measured daily via electronic medication event monitoring systems (MEMS) caps. A multivariable explanatory model using logistic regression for longitudinal data was used to identify risk factors for nonadherence.ResultsOne hundred eleven subjects were followed for a median of 137 days. Warfarin nonadherence was common (4787 of 22 425 or 21% of patient‐days observed). Factors independently associated with higher odds of nonadherence included education beyond high school (odds ratio (OR) 1.8 (95%CI 1.2–2.7)), lower Short Form (SF)‐36 mental component score (OR 1.4 (1.1–1.6) for each 10 point decrease); and impaired cognition (≤19 points) on the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE) (OR 2.9 (1.7–4.8)). Compared to currently employed subjects, unemployed (OR 0.6 (0.3–1.2)) and retired (OR 0.5 (0.3–0.8)) subjects had somewhat improved adherence; disabled subjects over age 55 had worse adherence (OR 1.8 (1.1–3.1)) than younger disabled subjects (OR 0.8 (0.4–1.5)).ConclusionsPoor adherence to warfarin is common and risk factors are related to education level, employment status, mental health functioning, and cognitive impairment. Within the carefully controlled anticoagulation clinic setting, such patient‐specific factors may be the basis of future interventions to improve nonadherence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agreement between administrative databases and medical charts for pregnancy‐related variables among asthmatic women
Authors: Vilain Anne , Otis Sophie , Forget Amélie , Blais Lucie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine the validity of pregnancy variables recorded in administrative databases of Quebec using patient medical charts as the gold standard among asthmatic pregnant women.MethodsThree administrative databases were linked and provided information on maternal, pregnancy and infant characteristics for 726 pregnant asthmatic women who delivered in 1990–2000. Algorithms were developed to measure variables that were not recorded directly in the databases or to minimize the number of missing values for variables recorded in two or more databases. Medical file data were collected by two trained research nurses in 43 hospitals. The validity of categorical variables was assessed with sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive values (PPVs) and predictive negative values (PNVs), whereas the validity of continuous variables was assessed with Pearson correlation using the medical chart as the gold standard.ResultsThe sensitivity of the sex of the baby, previous live birth and previous pregnancy ranged from 0.97 to 0.99. Corresponding figures were 0.92–0.98 for specificity. We also found high correlation coefficients, ranging from 0.875 to 0.999 for the length of gestation, dates of last menstruation and delivery, maternal age and birth weight.ConclusionPregnancy‐related variables recorded in administrative databases or derived from algorithms based on two or more databases were found to be highly valid as compared to the medical chart among asthmatic women. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards multidimensional liquid chromatography separation of proteins using fluorescence and isotope‐coded protein labelling for quantitative proteomics
Authors: Tribl Florian , Lohaus Christiane , Dombert Tanja , Langenfeld Elmar , Piechura Heike , Warscheid Bettina , Meyer Helmut E. , Marcus Katrin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHPLC has emerged as a valuable tool for separating proteins. To address the analysis of complex proteomes and quantitative changes of proteins therein, we developed a multidimensional LC (MDLC)‐based approach followed by large gel 1‐D SDS‐PAGE. Here we present a novel strategy that allows for simultaneously identifying and quantifying differentially regulated proteins following three separation and fractionation steps. This MDLC platform integrates advantages of dual protein labelling using both fluorescence and isotope‐coded tags for subsequent detection and quantification of abundance ratios of proteins by MS.
Low‐Temperature Internal Sterilization of Medical Plastic Tubes Using a Linear Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Eto Hiroyuki , Ono Yoshihito , Ogino Akihisa , Nagatsu Masaaki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe use of a linear DBD for the internal sterilization of thin plastic tubes used in medical facilities is studied. We demonstrated that flexible, long, linear DBD plasmas were produced with a diameter of 0.2–3 mm and a length longer than 1 m. The internal sterilization experiments of medical plastic tubes were carried out using a thin, linear DBD. We confirmed that 106 Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores were killed inside the tube at room temperature after 12 min DBD irradiation under atmospheric conditions. The sterilization was attributed to UV radiation of the nitrogen molecules' second positive system, the ozone generated in the air, and/or their synergetic effect.magnified image
Proteomic approaches for discovery of new targets for vaccine and therapeutics against visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Kumari Shraddha , Kumar Awanish , Samant Mukesh , Sundar Shyam , Singh Neeloo , Dube Anuradha 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most devastating type caused by Leishmania donovani, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania chagasi. The therapeutic mainstay is still based on the antiquated pentavalent antimonial against which resistance is now increasing. Unfortunately, due to the digenetic life cycle of parasite, there is significant antigenic diversity. There is an urgent need to develop novel drug/vaccine targets against VL for which the primary goal should be to identify and characterize the structural and functional proteins. Proteomics, being widely employed in the study of Leishmania seems to be a suitable strategy as the availability of annotated sequenced genome of Leishmania major has opened the door for dissection of both protein expression/regulation and function. Advances in clinical proteomic technologies have enable to enhance our mechanistic understanding of virulence/pathogenicity/host–pathogen interactions, drug resistance thereby defining novel therapeutic/vaccine targets. Expression proteomics exploits the differential expression of leishmanial proteins as biomarkers for application towards early diagnosis. Further using immunoproteomics efforts were also focused on evaluating responses to define parasite T‐cell epitopes as vaccine/diagnostic targets. This review has highlighted some of the relevant developments in the rapidly emerging field of leishmanial proteomics and focus on its future applications in drug and vaccine discovery against VL.
Proteomics of human cerebral microdialysate: From detection of biomarkers to clinical application
Authors: Maurer Martin H. , Haux Daniel , Unterberg Andreas W. , Sakowitz Oliver W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCerebral microdialysis is applied in clinical neurology and neurosurgery as monitoring tool in patients to evaluate the progression of severe diseases, such as stroke or trauma. Besides small molecules, e.g. metabolites and neurotransmitters, also the macromolecules, such as proteins and larger chemical compounds cross the dialysis membrane of the catheters implanted into the human brain parenchyma. Microdialysis can be used to extract molecules from the extracellular space of the brain in vivo, but additionally to deliver drugs, since the exchange is dependent on concentration gradients. Cerebral microdialysis may also be useful in the prediction of the clinical onset of symptoms, based on changes in the composition of pre‐symptomatic microdialysate. For example, symptomatic vasospasm, which is a complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage, may be predicted by the combination of cerebral microdialysis and a proteomics approach. We will introduce the basic concepts of cerebral microdialysis, discuss possible clinical applications, and evaluate the application of proteomic approaches. With regard to technological aspects, we describe two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, high‐pressure liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. With regard to clinical aspects, we discuss ethics, feasibility, time‐course, and therapeutic options. In conclusion, proteomics of cerebral microdialysate may be used for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapeutic intervention of neurological patients.
Type 2 diabetes: Gaining insight into the disease process using proteomics
Authors: Maris Michael , Overbergh Lut , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe incidence of diabetes mellitus is growing rapidly, with an increasing disease related morbidity and mortality. This is caused by macro‐ and microvascular complications, as a consequence of the often late diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but especially by the difficulties to control glucose homeostasis due to the progressive nature of the disease. T2D is moreover a dual disease, with components of beta‐cell failure and components of insulin resistance in peripheral organs, such as liver, fat, and muscle. Understanding the pathogenesis of the disease by gaining insight into the molecular pathways involved in both phenomena is one of the major assets of proteomic approaches. Moreover, proteomics and peptidomics may provide us with robust biomarkers for beta‐cell failure, insulin resistance in pheripheral organs, but also for the development of diabetic complications. This review focuses on the knowledge gained by use of proteomic and peptidomic techniques in the study of the pathophysiology of T2D and in the attempts to discover new therapeutic targets.
Evolved glyphosate‐resistant weeds around the world: lessons to be learnt
Authors: Powles Stephen B 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGlyphosate is the world's most important herbicide, with many uses that deliver effective and sustained control of a wide spectrum of unwanted (weedy) plant species. Until recently there were relatively few reports of weedy plant species evolving resistance to glyphosate. Since 1996, the advent and subsequent high adoption of transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops in the Americas has meant unprecedented and often exclusive use of glyphosate for weed control over very large areas. Consequently, in regions of the USA where transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops dominate, there are now evolved glyphosate‐resistant populations of the economically damaging weed species Ambrosia artemissifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Amaranthus palmeri S Watson, Amaranthus rudis JD Sauer, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) JD Sauer and various Conyza and Lolium spp. Likewise, in areas of transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops in Argentina and Brazil, there are now evolved glyphosate‐resistant populations of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers and Euphorbia heterophylla L. respectively. As transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops will remain very popular with producers, it is anticipated that glyphosate‐resistant biotypes of other prominent weed species will evolve over the next few years. Therefore, evolved glyphosate‐resistant weeds are a major risk for the continued success of glyphosate and transgenic glyphosate‐resistant crops. However, glyphosate‐resistant weeds are not yet a problem in many parts of the world, and lessons can be learnt and actions taken to achieve glyphosate sustainability. A major lesson is that maintenance of diversity in weed management systems is crucial for glyphosate to be sustainable. Glyphosate is essential for present and future world food production, and action to secure its sustainability for future generations is a global imperative. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Features of self‐organization in nanostructuring PVD coatings on a base of polyvalent metal nitrides under severe tribological conditions
Authors: Kovalev A. , Wainstein D. , Fox‐Rabinovich G. , Veldhuis S. , Yamamoto K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractApplications of quaternary nitride nanomultilayered coatings result in a significant improvement in tool life as well as wear behavior of ball nose end mills under conditions of high‐speed machining of hardened steels. Features of self‐organization in the nanostructuring monolayer (Al67Ti33)N and nanolaminate multilayer (AlCrTi)N/(CrN, WN or NbN) physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings have been investigated under severe frictional conditions associated with high temperatures and stresses, which are typical for high‐speed cutting (HSC). Structure and phase transformations on wear surface have been studied using XPS. Wear behavior of the coating has been investigated under severe conditions of HSC of 1040 steel. Results show that the enhancement of nonequilibrium processes during friction leads to a dominating formation of protective triboceramics on the basis of sapphire‐like and tungsten and niobium polyvalent oxides with the structure that improves the wear performance critically. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations of SiC semiconductor nanoinclusions formed by sequential ion implantation and annealing in thermally oxidized Si
Authors: Wainstein Dmitry , Kovalev Anatoly , Tetelbaum David , Mikhaylov Alexey , Belov Alexey 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe methods of X‐ray photoelectron and extended electron energy loss fine structure (EELFS) spectroscopy were used for the investigation of phase composition and structure of SiO2 layer implanted sequentially by Si+ (energy of 100 keV, dose of 7 × 1016 cm−2) and C+ (energy of 50 keV, dose of 7 × 1016 cm−2) ions and postannealed at 1000 or 1100 °C (2 h). The SiSi and SiC bonds in carbide (SiC) nanoinclusions and CC bonds of sp3 type in carbon inclusions are identified. The concentration of dangling bonds significantly decreases with elevation of annealing temperature. The distribution of SiC nanoinclusions at 1100 °C annealing corresponds to the distribution of implanted atoms, whereas sp3‐C phase is distributed nearly homogeneously over the implanted layer. The ratio of SiC to sp3‐C quantities is lower when intermediate annealing at 1100 °C is provided after Si+ implantation. The local atomic structure near the surface is determined from the EELFS. The experimental results demonstrate the physical basis of white photoluminescence, originating from the SiC nanocrystals, diamond‐like carbon particles, matrix, and interfacial defects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ni + Mo composite coatings for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Panek J. , Budniok A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractComposite Ni + Mo coatings were obtained by electrodeposition of Ni with Mo particles on a steel substrate from the nickel bath in which metallic Mo powder was suspended by stirring. Deposits were characterized by the presence of Mo particles embedded into the crystalline nickel matrix. Incorporation of metallic powder into electrolytic nickel matrix causes an increase in the real surface area of deposits.The composite coatings obtained were tested as electrode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline environment. Electrochemical characterization of the composites was carried out by steady‐state polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. It was ascertained, that Ni + Mo coatings are characterized by enhanced electrochemical activity for this process, which was confirmed by considerable decrease in the hydrogen evolution overpotential at the current density of 100 mA cm−2 − η100, by a nearly 170–260 mV compared to nickel electrode. Exchange current density j0 increases with the increase in Mo content in the coatings.Based on the results of EIS measurements, the rate constants of the HER for Ni and Ni + 44%Mo coatings were determined. The calculated values of surface roughness factor Rf allowed also to evaluate the influence of the real surface area on the electrocatalytic performance of these materials in an alkaline environment. It was stated that the improvement of the electrocatalytic performance of Ni + Mo composite coatings could be attributed to the increase in their real surface area as well as to the synergetic effect of molybdenum with the nickel matrix, as Ni/Mo materials are considered in literature, typical electrocatalysts for the HER. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption dynamics and kinetics of CO2 on Fe/FeOx nanoclusters supported on HOPG
Authors: Kadossov E. , Burghaus U. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe adsorption dynamics and kinetics of CO2 on FeOx clusters have been studied using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and molecular beam scattering. According to AES data, even at good vacuum conditions, the vapor‐deposited Fe clusters oxidize readily. An ensemble of metallic and oxidized Fe clusters form. Three structures at 120 K, 160 K, and 500 K are seen in CO2 TDS, which are assigned to physisorbed CO2 and carbonate decomposition. The latter structure is only present for large Fe exposures, χFe. The initial adsorption probabilities, S0, decrease with increasing impact energy. S0 increases with adsorption temperature, Ts, which is discussed in the framework of the capture‐zone model (CZM). Small effects of the cluster size on the initial adsorption probabilities, S0, as well as its coverage dependence, S(Θ), have been seen. The coverage dependence of the adsorption probabilities obeys the Kisliuk precursor model, as predicted by the CZM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.