bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of pathogenic calcium sensing receptor mutations in sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Sarin Ritu , Tomar Neeraj , Ray Debarti , Gupta Nandita , Sharma Yagya Dutta , Goswami Ravinder 
Published: July 2006

SummaryBackground  Sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH) is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism. While calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) autoantibodies are observed in 49% of cases, aetiopathogenetic mechanisms in others are under investigation. Mutations in the PTH gene including its 3′ untranslated region, autoimmune regulator gene and lead CTLA‐4 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) are not associated with the disease. There are reports of de novo activating mutations of the CaSR gene in a few patients with SIH.Objective  To assess the frequency of CaSR mutations in patients with SIH.Subjects and methods  DNA sequencing of all six translating exons and nine of 12 intron/exon boundaries of the CaSR gene was performed by Sangers dideoxy chain termination method using an automated sequencer in 39 patients with SIH. Spot urinary calcium/creatinine ratio in the fasting state and ultrasonography of the abdomen was performed to assess hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis. The PCR‐RFLP analysis was performed using Hin1II restriction endonuclease in 32 additional patients with SIH and 90 healthy controls to further assess the prevalence of a novel missense SNP observed in the DNA sequencing.Results  Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of a wild type CaSR gene in all subjects, except in one patient who showed a missense mutation (Val621Met) due to substitution of base G→A in the heterozygous state at position 79877 in exon 7 (codon 621) coding for the first transmembrane loop of the CaSR. The V621M polymorphism was confirmed by PCR‐RFLP and was due to a maternal allele. However, the mother and brother of this patient with the same SNP were asymptomatic and had normal serum chemistry indicating the functionally inert nature of the polymorphism. None of the additional 32 patients with SIH and 90 controls showed V621M SNP. The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio and ultrasonography were normal in all patients with SIH.Conclusion  De novo activating mutation of the CaSR gene typical of familial hypoparathyroidism is not common among patients with SIH in India.
Microplate motions in the hotspot reference frame
Authors: Cuffaro Marco , Jurdy Donna M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe have computed motions of the major plates (seven large plates and seven medium‐sized plates) and 38 microplates relative to the hotspot reference frame, and present velocities of these 52 plates. Moreover, using updated plate boundaries for the present, we have computed new geometrical factors for plates and microplates, useful for kinematic calculations and to obtain the net‐rotation of the lithosphere and plate velocities in the mean‐lithosphere reference frame. Instead of a continuum or gradational distribution of the plates by size, the plates clearly partition into three groups each having their own characteristics. For the seven large plates, rotation poles generally lie in high latitudes; the seven medium‐sized plates have rotation poles in a restricted equatorial area; the 38 small plates show the greatest scatter. Moreover subsets of the 52 plates reveal differing fractal behaviour: the large, middle and small groupings each have a characteristic fractal dimension, suggestive of microplate clustering. The highest angular velocities occur for some of the smallest plates, with the location of their rotation poles closeby.Terra Nova, 18, 276–281, 2006
Development of microsatellite markers in rose
Authors: KIMURA T. , NISHITANI C. , IKETANI H. , BAN Y. , YAMAMOTO T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in rose (Rosa hybrida L.) from an enriched genomic library. Ten out of 13 microsatellites showed amplification and produced four to 12 polymorphic alleles per locus, with an average of 8.4 in Rosa multiflora. The average values of observed and expected heterozygosities among the 10 loci were 0.62 and 0.82, respectively. Thirteen microsatellites produced three to 22 genotypes with an average value of 11.4 in modern garden roses. The average value of the power of discrimination among the microsatellites was 0.79, ranging from 0.29 to 0.95.
An Address by a Georgist Sympathizer: Practical Issues in Georgist Thought
Authors: Johnson Michael S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe justice and soundness of the taxation of land rent is acknowledged but problems in assessing imply a need to introduce better methods. This is particularly true when attempting to introduce the more saleable idea of two‐rate tax systems because the allocation of total value of real estate parcels between land and buildings is even more arbitrarily done than determining the total assessment. The ideas fit best at the local level and there is little chance of replacing income or sales taxes. A 100% tax would be impossible since it would lead to an avalanche of tax appeals and the abandonment of some land since a high percentage of assessments are in error. The idea of a single tax does not fit modern times when revenue needs determine taxes, rather than the amount of revenue collected determining proper or necessary government expenditure levels. One tax source may be unpopular and regarded as a dangerous concept. Land is probably less important and less relatively valuable than it used to be because of technological change. Some advances in social legislation may mitigate the need for the drastic reform, George who was a moralist deeply concerned about poverty, felt reform was needed in his day. He was right about the impacts of various taxes on economic activity and income distribution.
Can Labor‐capital Models Predict the Responses of Agrarian Societies to Development?Part I: Problems With Development Economics
Authors: Smiley David H. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Development efforts and economics have relied upon two‐factor, capital and labor neoclassical economic models. Failures have occurred when they were applied to agrarian societies where the ownership of land rent dictates particular institutional forms that engender resistance to development. It is argued that there is a need for a new three‐factor development theory which explicity models land and its rent. Ideas of Smith, Ricardo, George and Samuelson are assembled as a basis for a computer simulation model that explores landed institutions and the land value flows resulting from different development strategies. Part II, a subsequent article in this Journal, sets forth the models.
Market Structure and Racial and Gender Discrimination:
Authors: Peoples James , Robinson Rhoda 
Published: July 2006

Abstract.The Annual Equal Employment Opportunity Reports and Current Population Survey files are used to examine employment and earnings by race and gender in the telecommunications industry following changes in the industry's affirmative action guidelines and following the divestiture of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Nonblack minority men were the only underrepresented group to experience marked employment gains as managers and professional. The relative employment probability of other underrepresented workers remained similar to the levels experienced during the implementation of affirmative action guidelines. Earnings differentials did decline for minority men and white women in the telecommunications industry. However, this finding is only unique to black men as the earnings pattern for white women and nonblack minority men mirror that found for these groups nationally.
The Jerome Levy Economic Institute Conference:
Authors: Gwartney J. Ted , Tideman Nicolaus 
Published: July 2006

Abstract.The Jerome Levy Economic Institute at Bard College presented a program arranged by Professor Kris Feder on “Land Wealth and Poverty,” on November 2‐4,1995, Two of the talks presented are here reproduced with more to follow in subsequent issues of this Journal. J. Ted Gwartney, former senior appraisal officer of the Bank of America presented the view that a 4% tax on the value of land, as broadly defined, could provide revenue adequate for the removal of all other taxes. Professor Nicolaus Tideman argued the case of morality of taxation at the local level.
Exonerating Wicksell:
Authors: Humphrey Thomas M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractJames Ahiakpor correctly identifies classical writers as the true originators of the cumulative process analysis usually attributed to Knut Wicksell. Ahiakpor fails, however, to dislodge Wicksell from his place in the pantheon of monetary theorists. Wicksell contributed at least five innovations that advanced the cumulative process model far beyond its classical prototype.
The Shores of Hybridity: Shakespeare and the Mediterranean
Authors: Cantor Paul A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSome critics in recent years have tried to shift the focus of Shakespeare’s universe to the Atlantic and make Shakespeare scholarship a branch of New World studies. But Shakespeare’s plays remain centered on the Mediterranean – roughly twenty of his thirty‐seven plays have Mediterranean settings. This Mediterranean focus does not, however, mean that Shakespeare’s vision is Eurocentric. In the Renaissance, the Mediterranean was a multicultural world, and recent studies have stressed in particular the important role the Ottoman Empire played in economic, political, and cultural developments in the sixteenth century. In such plays asThe Merchant of VeniceandOthelloShakespeare looks at the complex interplay of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in Venice and other Mediterranean settings. For Shakespeare, the Mediterranean has a historical as well as a geographic dimension. Almost half of his Mediterranean plays are set in antiquity and reflect his awareness of the classical heritage of the Renaissance.
Cationic long-chain ceramide LCL-30 induces cell death by mitochondrial targeting in SW403 cells
Authors: Dindo Daniel , Dahm Felix , Szulc Zdzislaw , Bielawska Alicja , Obeid Lina M. , Hannun Yusuf A. , Graf Rolf , Clavien Pierre-Alain 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCeramides are sphingolipid second messengers that are involved in the mediation of cell death. There is accumulating evidence that mitochondria play a central role in ceramide-derived toxicity. We designed a novel cationic long-chain ceramide [ω-pyridinium bromide d-erythro-C16-ceramide (LCL-30)] targeting negatively charged mitochondria. Our results show that LCL-30 is highly cytotoxic to SW403 cells (and other cancer cell lines) and preferentially accumulates in mitochondria, resulting in a decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Ultrastructural analyses support the concept of mitochondrial selectivity. Interestingly, levels of endogenous mitochondrial C16-ceramide decreased by more than half, whereas levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate increased dramatically and selectively in mitochondria after administration of LCL-30, suggesting the presence of a mitochondrial sphingosine kinase. Of note, intracellular long-chain ceramide levels and sphingosine-1-phosphate remained unaffected in the cytosolic and extramitochondrial (nuclei/cellular membranes) cellular fractions. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of cotreatment of LCL-30 and doxorubicin was observed, which was not related to alterations in endogenous ceramide levels. Cationic long-chain pyridinium ceramides might be promising new drugs for cancer therapy through their mitochondrial preference. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(6):1520–9]
Vibrational Analyses of Di-μ-oxo-Bridged Manganese Dimers Based on Density Functional Theory Calculations. Theoretical Evaluation of Mn–O Vibrations of the Mn-Cluster Core for Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Complex
Authors: Hasegawa Koji , Ono Taka-aki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Normal coordinate analyses of di-μ-oxo-bridged [Mn2III,III(μ-O)2(ND3)8]2+, [Mn2III,IV(μ-O)2(ND3)8]3+, and [Mn2IV,IV(μ-O)2(ND3)8]4+ dimers were carried out systematically based on force-constants obtained by B3PW91 hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations on a broken-symmetry electronic state. Calculation results indicated that all Mn–O–Mn/Mn–O stretch vibrations are found at 697–387 cm−1 with the strongest infrared (IR) intensities occurring at 620, 697, and 615 cm−1 for Mn2III,III, Mn2III,IV, and Mn2IV,IV dimers, respectively, which are compatible with experimental data. These strong IR bands were assigned to the Mn–O–Mn asymmetric stretch 1 (B3u vibration) for the equivalent Mn2III,III and Mn2IV,IV dimers with D2h symmetry, and the MnIV–O symmetric stretch (A1 vibration) for the mixed-valence Mn2III,IV dimer with C2v symmetry. Based on the results of calculations, the reported 18O-sensitive IR bands in the low-frequency S2/S1 spectrum in a photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) were assigned to the MnIV–O asymmetric stretch (B2 vibration) in the di-μ-oxo-bridged Mn2III,IV dimer moiety for the S1-state Mn-cluster core and the Mn–O–Mn asymmetric stretch 1 (B3u vibration) in the di-μ-oxo-bridged Mn2IV,IV dimer moiety in the S2-state Mn-cluster core.
pH-Dependent Color-Change Behavior of Bis(o-phenylenediamine)platinum(II) Complex and pH-Dependent Redox of Bis(o-semibenzoquinonediimine)platinum(II) Complex
Authors: Konno Yosuke , Matsushita Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
pH-Dependent color changes of an innocent diamineplatinum(II) complex, [Pt(H2L)2]Cl2 ([1]Cl2), where H2L is o-phenylenediamine, and the pH-dependent redox of non-innocent diimineplatinum(II) complexes, [Pt(L)2] (2) and [{Pt(L)2}2]Cl2 ([22]Cl2), where L is o-semibenzoquinonediimine monoanion or neutral o-benzoquinonediimine, have been investigated by vis–NIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in solutions of various pH. The crystals of [1]Cl2·2H2O and [22]Cl2·6H2O have also been characterized by X-ray crystallography. [1]Cl2 in an aqueous solution changes from colorless either to purple or to yellow-green depending on the pH of the solution. The purple solution gave a neutral complex 2 and the yellow-green solution yielded [22]Cl2·6H2O. In the latter complex, the monocation, [2]+, dimerizes forming a weak Pt–Pt bond [3.0109(4) Å] with no bridging ligands. The spectroscopy of [1]Cl2 in the buffer solutions shows that the complex 2 is formed in the range of pH 4.6–5.8, while the complex [2]+ is generated in the range of pH 2.1–4.5. These results indicate that the one-electron redox process of [2]+/2 depends on the pH of the solution. By adjusting the pH of the solution by adding acid or base, it is possible to reversibly control this redox process. This behavior is a kind of pH-dependent chromism because of their color being different.
Optical Rotation Study on Solvent Dependence of Diastereomeric Salt Discrimination Properties
Authors: Taniguchi Kayoko , Sakurai Rumiko , Sakai Kenichi , Yasutake Mikio , Hirose Takuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The optical rotation properties have been studied for two diastereomeric salts of four kinds of amine–carboxylic acid salt systems, and the results have been compared among them and their chiral salts. The diastereomeric salts of 2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-phenylethylamine/mandelic acid (1-phenyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine; PTE/MA) and α-amino-ε-caprolactam/N-tosylphenylalanine (ACL/TPA) exhibited relatively large differences in optical rotation values and solvent dependency. In contrast, the diastereomeric salts of α-methylbenzylamine/MA and piperazine-2-carboxylic acid t-butylamide/TPA possessed similar optical rotation behavior; the values and solvent dependency were almost identical. These results were discussed in relation to the dielectrically controlled resolution phenomenon for the formers, PTE/MA and ACL/TPA, and were also compared with the crystal structures.
A Market‐Share Approach to the Foreign Demand for U. S. Cotton
Authors: Sirhan Ghazi , Johnson Paul R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDirect estimation of export and import demand elasticities has plagued analysts with statistical problems. Here it is proposed to adopt a market‐share model for the estimation of such elasticities. The share of a market, rather than quantity, is considered to be a function of the prices of competitors in the market. Such elasticities have been estimated for U. S. cotton in the United Kingdom and West Germany. These elasticities are more in accord with a priori reasoning than previous estimates.
Sufficient Conditions for Aggregation of Linear Programming Models
Authors: Paris Quirino , Rausser Gordon C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThree sets of sufficient conditions for exact aggregation of linear programming models are discussed. They provide a relaxation of the proportionality and dimensionality conditions among elements of the micro problems required by R. H. Day's specification. For correct aggregation it is not necessary to classify firms according to “homogeneity” criteria.
Use Rates, Resource Flows, and Efficiency of Public Investment in Range Improvements
Authors: Stevens Joe B. , Godfrey E. Bruce 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA theoretical model of interactions between use rates and resource flows over space and time is developed, and a static empirical model is derived for ex post analysis of public range investments on the Vale Project (Oregon). Five investment practices varied widely in their marginal productivities. For every Animal Unit Month (AUM) of grazing produced directly by Investment, an additional 0.5 AUM was obtained by manipulation of use rates to allow increased natural regeneration. Overall, the Vale Project was inefficient in terms of an implicit redistributional objective as well as the explicit national income objective.
The Process of an Innovation Cycle
Authors: Yoav Kislev , Shchori‐Bachrach Nira 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn economic theory of the process of diffusion of innovations is developed and illustrated. In the theory, adoption is determined by comparative advantage considerations. An innovation is first adopted by skilled and experimenting entrepreneurs and then “diffuses” down the skills scale. If the innovation affects supply substantially, prices may decline, profits eliminated, and early, skilled (and high labor opportunity cost) producers may exit from the affected line of production—hence, an “innovation cycle.” The theory implies that technological change is affected by the distribution as well as by the average level of skills.
Supply Analysis for Corn in the United States: The Impact of Changing Government Programs
Authors: Houck J. P. , Ryan M. E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAcreage supply relationships for corn in the United States are analyzed for 1948–70. Emphasis is on the effect of changes in government policies because similar programs for acreage control and price support are the most likely form of future policies. A model for empirical evaluation of loan rates, support and diversion payments, and acreage restrictions is developed and tested. More than 95 percent of the variation in U.S. corn acreage during the study period can be associated with the selected policy variables. The approach suggested in this research appears to be applicable to other crops heavily influenced by government policy.
The Egg Cycle and the Ability of Recursive Models to Explain It
Authors: Hartman David G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe often‐discussed instability of the price of eggs is examined by use of spectral analysis, and the existence of an egg cycle is confirmed. In explaining the cycle, the familiar cobweb model is shown to be inferior to an alternative model. The alternative model, proposed by Nerlove, has producers planning changes in their production levels in response to prices, with the changes being realized only after a lag. Economic justifications are given for such producer behavior to continue, even though it causes instability. Recent destabilizing influences, not related to the cycle, are also discussed.
Optimum Effort and Rent Distribution in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery
Authors: Griffin Wade L. , Lacewell Ronald D. , Nichols John P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTraditional methods used to estimate fishing effort that maximizes rent to an open access resource have almost universally assumed all costs are directly proportional to effort. When crews receive a fixed share of gross returns, labor costs are proportional to catch; hence, rent accrues to crews as well as vessel owners under limited entry. A model that allowed costs to be proportional to effort and catch was applied to the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery. This study indicates that traditional analysis would result in management schemes that overtax vessels and ignore rent accruing to crews.
The Productive Value of Human Time in U.S. Agriculture
Authors: Huffman Wallace E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe quantity and marginal productivity of farm husband and wife labor services allocated to their own farm work are assessed. A behavioral model of the farm firm is developed and implemented empirically by fitting a production function to county average per farm data for 1964 for Iowa, North Carolina, and Oklahoma counties. A comparison of marginal products of husband's and wife's labor inputs with opportunity costs yields the implication that net rural‐to‐urban human migration and reallocation of working time between own‐farm and off‐farm work by the remaining farm population had succeeded in getting rid of excess labor services in U.S. agricultural production in 1964.
The Capitalization of Real Property Taxes Levied on Farm Real Estate
Authors: Pasour E. C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe capitalization of changes in property taxes levied on farm real estate is investigated. The per acre value of farm real estate in the United States is estimated as a function of the effective tax rate and as a function of three categories of independent variables which are related to agricultural productivity, farm size, and urban influence in a cross‐section study. The effect of anticipated appreciation in farm real estate values is explored in estimating the extent of capitalization. The results of the study are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in property taxes are largely capitalized into farm property values.
An Econometric Analysis of Shrimp Ex‐Vessel Prices, 1950—1968
Authors: Doll John P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA five‐equation demand model of the U.S. shrimp market was estimated using annual data for the period from 1950 to 1968. Prices, consumption, and ending stocks were the jointly determired variables; predetermined variables were shrimp supplies and consumer income. Exvessel price variations resulted largely from variations in domestic landings. Imports reduced the general level of ex‐vessel prices but did not contribute substantially to price variability except in isolated instances. Large price drop occurred during periods of recession when increases in demand were slowed and stock began to build, while landings and imports increased substantially over the previous year.
Benefit‐Cost Analysis of a Nonmetropolitan Prototype for Solid Waste Resource Recovery
Authors: Hitzhusen Fred , Luttner Mark 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis study focuses on the recovery of energy and materials from solid waste at a coal‐burning steam‐electric plant located in a nonmetropolitan county in Northeast Ohio. The results of the analysis suggest that the resource recovery prototype involving a new solid waste processing facility and modification of the existing steam‐electric plant is an economically feasible investment. This conclusion is substantiated by sensitivity analysis of five key technical and economic parameters under four alternative benefit‐cost and internal rate of return criteria.