bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antagonism of Rhizobacteria Isolated from Coffea arabica L. against Emerging Fungal Coffee Pathogens
Authors: Muleta D. , Assefa F. , Granhall U. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn vitro antagonistic effects of rhizobacteria associated with Coffea arabica L. against some fungal coffee pathogens were studied. The aims were to screen indigenous coffee‐associated isolates for their inherent antagonistic potential against major coffee wilt diseases induced by Fusarium spp. Antagonistic effects, siderophore, HCN and lytic enzyme production were determined on standard solid media. Chemical methods were employed to categorize the major types of siderophores. From a total of 212 rhizobacterial isolates tested, over 10 % (all Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp.) exhibited remarkable inhibition against Fusarium spp. One isolate AUPB24 (P. chlororaphis) showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth against all fungal pathogens tested, whereas other isolates were mostly inhibitory to F. stilboides and F. oxysporum. The isolate AUBB20 (B. subtilis) was most antagonistic to F. xylarioides. Of the rhizobacterial isolates tested, 67 % produced siderophores and 35 % produced HCN. Many strains (all Pseudomonas spp.) produced siderophores of the hydroxamate type and only a small proportion produced those of the catecholate type. Few antagonists showed chitinase activity. The production of siderophores and HCN by Pseudomonas spp., lipase and protease by all antagonists and β‐1,3‐glucanase by several Bacillus spp. could be considered the major mechanisms involved in the inhibition of fungal growth. The in vitro results provide the first evidence of an antagonistic effect of coffee‐associated rhizobacteria against the emerging fungal coffee pathogens F. stilboides and F. xylarioides and indicate the potential of both bacterial groups for biological control of coffee wilt diseases.
Protective Effect of Immobilized Ammonia Oxidizers and Phenol‐degrading Bacteria on Nitrification in Ammonia– and Phenol‐containing Wastewater
Authors: Morita M. , Kudo N. , Uemoto H. , Watanabe A. , Shinozaki H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPhenol present in wastewaters from various industries has an inhibitory effect on nitrification even at low concentrations. Hence, the biological treatment of wastewater containing both phenol and ammonia involves a series of treatment steps. It is difficult to achieve nitrification capability in an activated sludge system that contains phenol at concentrations above the inhibitory level. Batch treatment of wastewater containing various concentrations of phenol showed that the ammonia oxidation capability of suspended Nitrosomonas europaea cells, an ammonia oxidizer, was completely inhibited in the presence of more than 5.0 mg/L phenol. To protect the ammonia oxidizer from the inhibitory effect of phenol and to achieve ammonia oxidation capability in the wastewater containing phenol at concentrations above the inhibitory level, a simple bacterial consortium composed of an ammonia oxidizer (N. europaea) and a phenol‐degrading bacterial strain (Acinetobacter sp.) was used. Ammonia oxidation did not occur in the presence of phenol at concentrations above the inhibitory level when suspended or immobilized N. europaea and Acinetobacter sp. cells were used in batch treatment. Following the acclimatization of the immobilized cells, accumulation of nitrite was observed, even when the wastewater contained phenol at concentrations above the inhibitory level. These results showed that immobilization was effective in protecting N. europaea cells from the inhibitory effect of phenol present in the wastewater.
Coaxial Aerodynamically Assisted Bio‐jets: A Versatile Paradigm for Directly Engineering Living Primary Organisms
Authors: Irvine S. , Arumuganathar S. , McEwan J. R. , Jayasinghe S. N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a coaxial jetting methodology is demonstrated as a first example (non‐electric field driven) completely run by aerodynamic forces which are brought about by the application of a differential pressure for the safe handling of primary living organisms by means of jets as encapsulated droplets. Previously this jetting technique in this configuration has only been investigated for processing combinations of liquid‐liquid and liquid‐gas systems. These developmental studies into aerodynamically assisted jets (AAJ) have unearthed a versatile bio‐jetting approach referred to here as coaxial aerodynamically assisted bio‐jetting (CAABJ). In the current work, this flexible approach is demonstrated to handle two primary cell types for drop‐and‐placing onto several different substrates. Furthermore, the study assesses cellular viability of the post‐treated cells in comparison to controls by way of flow cytometry. These first steps demonstrate the promise this protocol has in exploring the creation of biologically viable structures to form encapsulations of cells which would be useful as a direct tissue engineering to the immuno‐hinding methodology in bio‐repair and therapeutics. Therefore, these investigations place CAABJ into the cell jetting pursuit together with bio‐electrosprays, which will undergo an explosive developmental research.
Catalytic Production of Liquid Fuels from Organic Residues of Rendering Plants
Authors: Bojanowski S. , Fiedler A. , Frank A. , Stadlbauer E. A. , Schilling G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAnaerobic low temperature conversion (LTC) converts organic residues such as animal meal or meat and bone meal (MBM) to bio‐crude, a solid product, containing carbon and phosphorus, reaction water and non‐condensable gases. The yield of bio‐crude increases with the content of volatile solids. The efficiency of the conversion as well as the calorific value of the liquid fuel produced are favorably affected by the partial recycling of inorganic constituents, high amounts of volatile solids and a low percentage of heteroatoms present in the feeding material. Heating values are 32.3 MJ/kg for bio‐crude from animal meal and 19.5 MJ/kg for bio‐crude from MBM. Both bio‐crude and animal fat produced were effectively converted in a vertical reactor construction with a fixed bed of aluminosilicates of the zeolite family or acidic clays, respectively. Products are bio‐fuels of varying chemical qualities. Depending on the reaction temperature and the catalyst type, aliphatic hydrocarbons (T = 400 °C, ∼97 %) or alkylbenzenes (T = 550 °C) are the main products. The calorific values of these bio‐fuels are in a range from 40.1 to 41.9 MJ/kg and the kinematic viscosities are between 0.9 and 2.29 mm2/s. The solid products of LTC from different biomass (sludge, animal meal, MBM) contain a significant amount of phosphorus. In the case of the solid product from MBM it was as high as 242 mg P2O5/g. Solubility in citric acid showed that in the case of MBM, 98.8 % of total phosphorus is potentially available to plants. Pot experiments demonstrated a similar plant growth as with other organic fertilizers.
There is no Drake‐Larson finite linear space with three 7‐lines and twenty‐four 5‐lines
Authors: Berg Melissa , Mullin Ronald 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLet L denote the set of positive integers that do not divide 6. In 1983, Drake and Larson determined all positive integers v such that there is a proper PBD(v,L) with one exception, namely, the integer v = 30. (Recall that a PBD is proper if there is no block that contains all of the points and every block contains at least two points of the design.) In 1984, they showed that in any proper PBD(30, L), there could only be blocks of sizes in {4, 5, 7, 8}, and if bi denotes the number of blocks of size i in such a design, then there are only 6 possible block distributions (b8,b7,b5,b4), namely, (1,1,14,41), (0,3,24,22 ), (0,3,15,37), (0,1,27,24), (0,1,24,29), and (0,1,15,44). In 2004, Grüttmüller and Streso eliminated the first of these. In the current article we use the geometry of a putative proper PBD with block distribution (0,3,24,22) to eliminate this case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 191–201, 2008
Cystic parathyroid adenoma within a multinodular goiter: A rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Halenka Milan , Frysak Zdenek , Koranda Pavel , Kucerova Ladislava 
Published: December 2007

AbstractParathyroid cysts are uncommon lesions that do not have a specific sonographic appearance. We report a rare case of a functionally active cystic parathyroid adenoma as a cause of primary hyperparathyroidism and discuss the difficulties associated with the diagnosis. In this case, the association with a multinodular goiter made preoperative differentiation from thyroid cysts difficult. Demonstration of a high intact parathyroid hormone level in the aspirated cyst fluid was critical for the correct diagnosis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Yin yang 1 directly regulates the transcription of RE‐1 silencing transcription factor
Authors: Jiang Lichun , Yao Minghui , Shi Jun , Shen Ping , Niu Gang , Fei Jian 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe RE‐1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a master transcription factor that plays a critical role in embryo development, especially during the process of neurogenesis and neural plasticity. However, the mechanism of REST gene transcription regulation is still an open question. Here, by combining bioinformatics analysis and experimental studies, we report that the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) bound to a conserved YY1 binding site in the promoter of the mouse REST gene and positively regulated activity of this promoter in SH‐SY5Y cells. Furthermore, analysis of microarray data revealed a significant correlation between the expression of YY1 and REST genes. Overall, this study suggests that YY1 directly regulates expression of the REST gene. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water‐deprivation‐induced expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rat
Authors: Ryu Vitaly , Lee Jong‐Ho , Um Ji Won , Yoo Sang Bae , Lee Jisun , Chung Kwang Chul , Jahng Jeong Won 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to define the molecular mechanism by which dehydration induces expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Rats were deprived from water for 48 hr and then sacrificed immediately or 1 hr after ad libitum access to water. Another group of rats had free access to food and water and was included as euhydrate control group. The PVN sections fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde were processed for nNOS immunohistochemistry and NADPH‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d)/pCREB or NADPH‐d/c‐Fos double staining. nNOS‐ir neurons significantly increased with water deprivation and decreased with rehydration, both in the posterior magnocellular (pM)‐ and the medial parvocellular (mP)‐PVN. Most NADPH‐d histostained neurons in the PVN appeared to exhibit pCREB‐ir as well. Water deprivation markedly increased, and rehydration decreased, NADPH‐d/pCREB neurons both in the pM‐ and in the mP‐PVN. Gel shift assay demonstrated that dehydration may promote CREB binding to nNOS promoter in the PVN neurons. Significant amounts of NADPH‐d‐stained neurons in the PVN of water‐deprived rats (67–68% in both the mP and the pM) exhibited c‐Fos‐ir. NADPH‐d/c‐Fos neurons in the pM‐PVN were increased by water deprivation but not changed by rehydration. NADPH‐d/c‐Fos double‐stained neurons in the mP‐PVN did not significantly change depending on different water conditions. These results suggest that pCREB may play a role in dehydration‐induced nNOS gene expression in the PVN neurons, and c‐Fos might not be implicated in the regulatory pathway. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic basis of perforator flaps of medial vastus muscle
Authors: Zheng Heping , Wang Huaqiao , Zhang Fahui , Yue Suqin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to elucidate anatomical features of perforating branch flaps based on the muscular branches of the medial vastus muscle and to seek a new, applicable technique that could be used in repairing soft tissue defects around human knees. In this study, the origin, the course, the branches, the distribution, and the distal anastomosis of the muscular branch of the medial vastus muscle were observed in 30 sides of adult cadaveric lower limb specimens with the adductor tubercle, the patella midpoint, and the inguinal ligament midpoint as the observation markers. The specimens had been perfused arterially with red gelatin before they were supplied. It was observed that the femoral artery gave constant muscular branches into the medial vastus muscle at the tip of the femoral triangle. The artery entered the muscle via the hilum and ran laterally downwards along the muscular bundle until it reached the lateral patella to anastomose with the arterial circle around the bone. Along its course, it also gave 1–3 (1/77%) musculocutaneous perforating branches (0.5–0.9 mm in diameter). It then extended vertically through the medial vastus muscle into the deep fascia and ran superficially to the overlying skin of the muscle. A flap based on the perforating branch of the medial vastus muscle could be harvested at a size of about 8.5 cm × 15.0 cm and might be transferred retrograde to repair the soft tissue defect around the knee. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Modified poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) membranes for direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Zhou Zhentao 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s (SPPEK)s were synthesized by the modification of poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (PPEK) with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid or 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid mixture at 80–100°C. The presence of sulfonic acid groups in SPPEKs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the DSs were determined by Energy Dispersive X‐Ray (EDX). A blend membrane of No. 21 SPPEK and phosphotungstic acid (PWA) was prepared. The methanol permeabilities of SPPEK and blend membranes were about 20 times lower than that of Nafion117 at room temperature. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) test of 2 M methanol solution and air breathing showed that the blend membrane had a better performance than that of the Nafion117. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Schmelzen zweidimensionaler Kristalle. Phasenübergänge durch topologische Defekte
Authors: Gasser Urs , Maret Georg , Keim Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDie sogenannte KTHNY‐Theorie sagt für zweidimensionale Kristalle einen zweistufigen Schmelzprozess über eine Phase mit hexatischer Symmetrie voraus. Sie ist bei dreidimensionalen Kristallen unbekannt. Diese hexatische Phase konnte erstmals experimentell in einem zweidimensionalen System kolloidaler Partikel nachgewiesen werden. Die mikroskopischen Mechanismen des Schmelzens wurden direkt beobachtet. Dazu gehört das Auftreten von topologischen Defekten bei den Übergängen kristallin‐hexatisch und hexatisch‐flüssig. Die kritischen Temperaturen der Übergänge des Systems stimmen quantitativ mit der Theorie überein. Das gilt auch für die mit diesen Phasenübergängen verknüpften Änderungen der elastischen Moduln des Kristalls.
Folie á deux: time to rethink ‘shared psychosis’?
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFolie á deux is a condition in which the same psychiatric symptoms, often delusions, occur in two closely associated people. A recent systematic review questions the aetiology of the condition and suggests that it may not be as rare as previously believed. Mark Greener reports. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Primhe: Primary Care Mental Health & Education
Authors: Knight Michael , Frost Richard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHelp for the suicidal: addressing the gap in servicesIn this article, Michael Knight of Maytree Respite Centre in London discusses the how the needs of people in suicidal crisis are currently often not being met by mental health services and how Maytree is helping to address this gap in services.Working for health: the MINDFUL EMPLOYER initiativeWhile many would say they cannot support someone experiencing mental ill health without involving carers or family, it can be forgotten that employers may need contacting as well. In this article, Richard Frost provides an overview of the MINDFUL EMPLOYER initiative, which offers support to employers in recruiting and retaining staff with stress, anxiety, depression and other mental health problems. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
A multiplex PCR‐based reverse line blot hybridization (mPCR/RLB) assay for detection of bacterial respiratory pathogens in children with pneumonia
Authors: Wang Yajuan , Kong Fanrong , Yang Yonghong , Gilbert Gwendolyn L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and evaluate a novel method for simultaneous identification of 12 potential bacterial pathogens in children with community‐acquired pneumonia.MethodsA multiplex PCR‐based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay was developed, to identify 12 respiratory bacterial pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Bordetella pertussis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and single (uniplex) PCRs were used for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae only. In a preliminary evaluation, we compared the results of mPCR/RLB with those of single (uniplex) PCRs and culture of nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from 100 children under 5 years, admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital between October 2004 and May 2005, with pneumonia.ResultsReference strains and clinical isolates of all 12 target species were correctly identified by mPCR/RLB. Potential pathogens were isolated from one blood culture and 26% of respiratory cultures. One or more pathogens were identified in 70% of respiratory specimens—by mPCR/RLB in 63%, uPCR only in another 3%, culture only in 2%, and culture plus uPCR in 2%. The species most commonly identified were S. pneumoniae (54%) and H. influenzae (38%, including type b, 4%). Cultures were not performed for B. pertussis, M. tuberculosis, C. pneumoniae or M. pneumoniae but each was identified by mPCR/RLB in between one and four specimens. Two or more potential pathogens were identified in 35% of specimens. Ten of 14 S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to serotypes represented in the 11‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.ConclusionsThe mPCR/RLB assay is a sensitive tool for identification of respiratory pathogens, including mixed infections and bacteria requiring special culture methods. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:150–159. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA demethylation and histone deacetylation inhibition co‐operate to re‐express estrogen receptor beta and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cell‐lines
Authors: Walton T.J. , Li G. , Seth R. , McArdle S.E. , Bishop M.C. , Rees R.C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEpigenetic silencing mechanisms are increasingly thought to play a major role in the development of human cancers, including prostate cancer. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), respectively, are associated with transcriptional repression in a number of cancers. Evidence is accumulating the two mechanisms are dynamically linked, yet few studies have examined a potential interaction in prostate cancer.METHODSLNCaP, DU‐145, and PC‐3 prostate cancer cells were co‐treated with a DNMT inhibitor, 5′‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐AZAC), and an HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). Following treatment cells were processed for cell proliferation/apoptosis assays, or harvested for real‐time RT‐PCR. Assessed target genes were estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PGR), and prostate specific antigen (PSA).RESULTSIn all cell‐lines, co‐treatment was associated with reduced cell proliferation compared with control groups (P < 0.05). A reciprocal rise in caspase activation was identified, indicating apoptosis was the major mechanism of cell death. Most marked effects were seen in the androgen‐dependent, AR‐positive LNCaP cell‐line. In all cell‐lines, an additive re‐expression of ERβ was identified in the co‐treatment group, a finding not seen for either AR or PSA.CONCLUSIONAt concentrations associated with gene re‐expression, the DNA demethylating agent 5‐AZAC and the HDAC inhibitor TSA co‐operate to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cell‐lines. Increased apoptosis in the co‐treatment group was associated with marked re‐expression of ERβ, raising the possibility of further targeting of prostate cancer cells with ERβ‐selective agents. Prostate 68: 210–222, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The toll‐like receptor pathway: A novel mechanism of infection‐induced carcinogenesis of prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Kundu Shilajit D. , Lee Chung , Billips Benjamin K. , Habermacher Geoffrey M. , Zhang Qiang , Liu Victoria , Wong Larry Y. , Klumpp David J. , Thumbikat Praveen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDInflammation and infection have been linked to the pathogenesis of many cancers including prostate cancer. Components of bacteria and viruses have been identified within pathological specimens of men with prostate cancer.METHODSWe characterized the in vitro response of benign prostate epithelial cells to components of infectious agents as they relate to toll‐like receptors.RESULTSPrimary and immortalized prostate epithelial cells (RWPE) exhibited increased proliferation in response to exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CpG DNA. These molecules are well‐characterized surrogates for gram negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli) and DNA viruses (e.g., HPV and HSV), which are common in the genitourinary system. Our experiments show that RWPE cells express both TLR 4 (LPS‐specific) and TLR 9 (CpG‐specific). Targeted knock down of individual TLR expression using siRNA abrogated the proliferative response of RWPE cells to LPS and CpG, respectively. In addition, compared to non‐stimulated cells, LPS and CpG up‐regulate active NF‐kB expression. Increased NF‐kB activation was confirmed using RWPE cells that were stably transfected with a NF‐kB reporter construct. Interestingly, NF‐kB activation was both concentration‐ and time‐dependent when stimulated with LPS. RWPE cells were less susceptible to TNF‐alpha induced apoptosis as measured by TUNEL staining when stimulated with CpG or LPS. High concentrations of LPS also prevented cell death as measured by LDH release.CONCLUSIONSOur study has identified a unique mechanism that describes how components of pathogens common in the urinary system may contribute to the malignant transformation of benign prostate epithelia. Prostate 68: 223–229, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.