bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Gastric Leiomyosarcoma: Evaluation of the Propriety of Laparoscopic Wedge Resection
Authors: Yoshida Masashi , Otani Yoshihide , Ohgami Masahiro , Kubota Tetsuro , Kumai Koichiro , Mukai Makio , Kitajima Masaki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery has been applied to malignant gastric tumors. To evaluate the propriety of laparoscopic wedge resection for gastric leiomyosarcoma it is necessary to question whether lymph node dissection is necessary for the surgical management of gastric leiomyosarcoma. A retrospective study on open surgery cases of gastric leiomyosarcoma was performed to address this issue. The clinical records of 28 patients with gastric leiomyosarcoma who had had surgery were examined. The patients who underwent open surgery were divided into a systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) group (n= 9) and a nondissection (non‐D) group (n= 19). No patient had lymph node metastasis at the time of operation or recurrence, and statistical analysis showed no difference between the SLND and non‐D groups in terms of survival rates. These data suggest that SLND might not be necessary for the surgical management of gastric leiomyosarcoma and that laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach can be considered a first‐line treatment for gastric leiomyosarcoma.
Surgery for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Perelman Mikhail I. , Strelzov Victor P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDuring the period 1990–1994 a total of 578 operations were performed in 502 patients with various forms of tuberculosis. Most of the patients (68%) were men aged 20 to 50 years (70%). Sputum cultures were positive in 55% of the patients. More than half of all patients were chronic smokers, and about 10% were alcoholics or drug addicts. There were no human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients, and none with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The most frequent surgical interventions were, according to the classification adopted in Russia, for cavernous or fibrocavernous tuberculosis (196 cases) and tuberculomas (161 cases). The main operative procedures used were pulmonary resection (n= 280) and pneumonectomy or pleuropneumonectomy (n= 80). Diseased intrathoracic lymph nodes were ablated in 62 patients. Thoracoplasty or thoracomyoplasty were performed in 46 cases, thoracostomy in 37, closure of a thoracic wall defect in 27, and reamputation of the main bronchial stump in 6. Postoperative complications arose in 20% of the patients. More than half occurred in the pleural cavity or bronchi and were associated with tuberculous infection. The postoperative hospital case‐fatality rate was 2%. The overall clinical efficacy by the time of discharge was 82.7% (95% in tuberculomas). Reactivation of tuberculosis over the first 3 years after discharge occurred in 6.6% of the patients. Most patients with large or multiple caverns, tuberculomas, intrathoracic caseous lymphadenitis, or various complications of pulmonary tuberculosis cannot be cured (or are not amenable to cure in principle) by means of antibacterial therapy because of irreversible morphologic changes in the lungs, bronchi, pleura, lymph nodes, or thoracic wall. For this reason, indications for surgical management of pulmonary tuberculosis should be generally expanded. Excessively long antibacterial therapy for tuberculosis is often inadvisable. Although the availability of standardized regimens of antibacterial therapy is strategically essential, each patient must be treated according to an individual plan. In certain cases thoracic surgeons should be enlisted to participate in the development of such plans.
Role of Thoracic Surgery for Childhood Tuberculosis
Authors: Hewitson John P. , Von Oppell Ulrich O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLymphadenopathy is the hallmark of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children. The role of the thoracic
surgeon in treating childhood tuberculosis is to relieve the more
severe symptoms of lymphadenopathy, prevent the more long‐term
secondary damage that lymphadenopathy may cause to the lung, and treat
the sequelae of thoracic tuberculosis. We reviewed the role of surgery
in childhood tuberculosis at Red Cross Children's Hospital from
January 1981 to January 1996 in 161 children under 13 who were admitted
for 168 therapeutic surgical interventions for proved intrathoracic
tuberculosis and its related complications. We classified patients
according to the pathophysiology of their disease to clarify the role
of surgery in their management. Successful decompression of lymph nodes
that were acutely compromising major airways was done in 25 children, and decompression for chronic airway compression was successful in 8 of
11 children. Therapeutic bronchoscopy successfully opened an airway
obstructed by intraluminal tissue in 68% of 28 patients, with
long‐term pulmonary reexpansion in 50%. Pulmonary resections for
postprimary tuberculous damage were done in 72 patients with a
mortality of 2.7% and morbidity of 16.7%. Another 17 patients were
operated on for pleural disease and 15 for other tuberculosis‐related
problems. The mortality for all patients undergoing surgery for
complications of tuberculosis during childhood was 1.9% (3/161), suggesting that when indicated, an aggressive surgical approach is
relatively safe.
Surgical Indications for Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Freixinet Jorge 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSurgery for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) has passed through various stages throughout history, having been the treatment of
choice in the past. It has now been relegated to second place for
treatment of this disease. One of the most strongly debated surgical
indications has been clinical picture of multidrug resistance with the
focus of pulmonary tuberculous activity located in a segment, lobe, or
lung. In these cases some authors have described good results with
surgical excision. Another important indication is the complications of
PTB, among which bronchiectases (provoking pictures of suppuration, superinfections, or hemoptysis) are found, along with known destructive
pulmonary sequelae such as destroyed lung, massive hemoptysis, and the
presence of a bronchopleural fistula that cannot be resolved with
pleural drainage. The presence of a neoplasm in a patient affected by
PTB is a surgical indication if the lesion is resectable. The existence
of an unidentifiable pulmonary mass or node is a surgical criterion
because it might signal bronchogenic carcinoma. A frequent indication
for surgery is pulmonary aspergilloma, which in a large percentage of
cases is a destructive PTB sequela and generates serious complications, hemoptysis being the most frequent. Mediastinal tuberculous
lymphadenitis that produces compressive symptoms and pulmonary
complications, especially in children, is another surgical indication
for decompressing the bronchial tree. The surgery in these cases
consists in excision and curettage of adenopathies. Surgery therefore
now constitutes a valid option for the treatment of certain clinical
pictures of PTB that do not respond to medical treatment, are serious, and are potentially fatal.
Intraabdominal Nonvascular Operations Combined with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Tsuji Yoshihiko , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Ataka Keiji , Sasada Akinori , Okada Masayoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.The therapeutic approach to a patient who has an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and an intraabdominal nonvascular surgical disorder simultaneously remains controversial. To establish guidelines for the management of those patients, a retrospective review of patients who had concomitant AAA and intraabdominal nonvascular surgical disorders was undertaken. During the period January 1988 to December 1997 a series of 162 patients underwent surgical repairs of AAA in our hospital. Among them 16 patients (9.9%) had several kinds of intraabdominal nonvascular surgical disorders, and 13 underwent one‐stage operation for both diseases. That is, cholelithiasis coexisted in five patients, inguinal hernia in four, gastric cancer in two, and retroperitoneal tumor and renal tumor in one each. All AAAs were the infrarenal type, and there were no inflammatory or ruptured aneurysms. In cases of cholelithiasis coexistent with AAA, aneurysmectomy was performed first. After tight closure of the retroperitoneum, cholecystectomy was done. In cases of cholelithiasis coexistent with AAA, aneurysmectomy was performed first. After tight closure of the retroperitoneum, cholecystectomy was done. In cases of inguinal hernia coexistent with AAA, the AAA was first replaced with a prosthetic vascular graft and a residual piece of the graft was used as a patch for hernioplasty. This procedure was similar to laparoscopic hernioplasty. In two cases of gastric cancer concomitant with AAA, the AAA was first replaced. Subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphatic dissection was done after tight closure of the retroperitoneum. A drain was inserted into the epiploic foramen to detect anastomotic leakage. A retroperitoneal tumor coexisting with AAA was dissected and resected en bloc with the aneurysmal wall because the tumor firmly adhered to the aneurysm. The abdominal aorta was then replaced with a prosthetic graft. In a case of renal tumor concomitant with AAA, nephrectomy was done first to perform a complete lymphatic dissection around the renal artery. Then AAA repair was performed with a conventional procedure. There were no fatal complications, such as pneumonitis, hemorrhage, anastomotic leakage, or graft infection. All 13 patients were discharged from our hospital and are currently free from recurrence of malignancy or hernia. In summary, properly selected one‐stage operations for intraabdominal nonvascular surgical disorders and AAA may be safe and bring physical and economic benefit to the patient.
Sigmoidofiberscopic Incision plus Balloon Dilatation for Anastomotic Cicatricial Stricture after Anterior Resection of the Rectum
Authors: Hagiwara Akeo , Sakakura Chouhei , Shirasu Morio , Torii Tsuyoshi , Hirata Youichi , Yamagishi Hisakazu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract.We describe the procedure and examine the therapeutic efficacy of a combination of sigmoidofiberscopic incision plus balloon dilatation for tubular stricture by thick, long scar tissue at the colorectal anastomosis after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Balloon dilatation alone does not always relieve the strictures, although this method is the usual therapy for this condition. Five patients were identified in whom the stricture was not improved with balloon dilatation alone. Of these five patients, three complained of difficulty defecating, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, residual feces, and lower abdominal fullness. The remaining two patients, who had transverse colostomy to treat major leakage at the anastomosis, showed no symptoms. All five patients underwent the combination therapy described below. Two or three small radial incisions were made in the scar of the stricture with electrocautery under fiberscopic vision. Then the strictural scar was split and loosened bluntly along the incisions over a 15‐ to 20‐minute period with a balloon dilator. This procedure was performed once or twice at a 2‐week interval. In all five patients the stricture was improved according to objective criteria. There was also an improvement in the subjective symptoms suffered by three patients. The improvements were maintained over observation periods of 9 to 15 months. No complications were observed. Sigmoidofiberscopic incision plus balloon dilatation is an effective, safe therapy for cicatricial strictures after anterior resection for rectal cancer when the strictures have failed to improve following balloon dilatation alone.
Virus isolation studies suggest short-term variations in abundance in natural cyanophage populations of the Indian Ocean
Authors: Clokie Martha R.J. , Millard Andrew D. , Mehta Jaytry Y. , Mann Nicholas H. 
Published: April 2006

Cyanophage abundance has been shown to fluctuate over long timescales and with depth, but little is known about how it varies over short timescales. Previous short-term studies have relied on counting total virus numbers and therefore the phages which infect cyanobacteria cannot be distinguished from the total count.In this study, an isolation-based approach was used to determine cyanophage abundance from water samples collected over a depth profile for a 24 h period from the Indian Ocean. Samples were used to infect Synechococcus sp. WH7803 and the number of plaque forming units (pfu) at each time point and depth were counted. At 10 m phage numbers were similar for most time-points, but there was a distinct peak in abundance at 0100 hours. Phage numbers were lower at 25 m and 50 m and did not show such strong temporal variation. No phages were found below this depth. Therefore, we conclude that only the abundance of phages in surface waters showed a clear temporal pattern over a short timescale. Fifty phages from a range of depths and time points were isolated and purified. The molecular diversity of these phages was estimated using a section of the phage-encoded psbD gene and the results from a phylogenetic analysis do not suggest that phages from the deeper waters form a distinct subgroup.
How corticosteroids control inflammation: Quintiles Prize Lecture 2005
Authors: Barnes Peter J 
Published: April 2006

Corticosteroids are the most effective anti‐inflammatory therapy for many chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma but are relatively ineffective in other diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Chronic inflammation is characterised by the increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes that are regulated by proinflammatory transcription factors, such as nuclear factor‐kappaB and activator protein‐1, that bind to and activate coactivator molecules, which then acetylate core histones to switch on gene transcription. Corticosteroids suppress the multiple inflammatory genes that are activated in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, mainly by reversing histone acetylation of activated inflammatory genes through binding of liganded glucocorticoid receptors (GR) to coactivators and recruitment of histone deacetylase‐2 (HDAC2) to the activated transcription complex. At higher concentrations of corticosteroids GR homodimers also interact with DNA recognition sites to active transcription of anti‐inflammatory genes and to inhibit transcription of several genes linked to corticosteroid side effects. In patients with COPD and severe asthma and in asthmatic patients who smoke HDAC2 is markedly reduced in activity and expression as a result of oxidative/nitrative stress so that inflammation becomes resistant to the anti‐inflammatory actions of corticosteroids. Theophylline, by activating HDAC, may reverse this corticosteroid resistance. This research may lead to the development of novel anti‐inflammatory approaches to manage severe inflammatory diseases.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 245–254. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706736
Inhibition of TRPM2 cation channels by N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid
Authors: Kraft Robert , Grimm Christian , Frenzel Henning , Harteneck Christian 
Published: April 2006

TRPM2 is a Ca2+‐permeable nonselective cation channel activated by intracellular ADP‐ribose (ADPR) and by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We investigated the modulation of TRPM2 activity by N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA). ACA has previously been reported to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2).
Using patch‐clamp and calcium‐imaging techniques, we show that extracellular application of 20 μM ACA completely blocked ADPR‐induced whole‐cell currents and H2O2‐induced Ca2+ signals (IC50=1.7 μM) in HEK293 cells transfected with human TRPM2. Two other PLA2 inhibitors, p‐bromophenacyl bromide (BPB; 100 μM) and arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (20 μM), had no significant effect on ADPR‐stimulated TRPM2 activity.
Inhibition of TRPM2 whole‐cell currents by ACA was voltage independent and accelerated at decreased pH. ACA was ineffective when applied intracellularly. The single‐channel conductance was not changed during ACA treatment, suggesting a reduction of TRPM2 open probability by modulating channel gating.
ACA (20 μM) also blocked currents through human TRPM8 and TRPC6 expressed in HEK293 cells, while BPB (100 μM) was ineffective. TRPC6‐mediated currents (IC50=2.3 μM) and TRPM8‐induced Ca2+ signals (IC50=3.9 μM) were blocked in a concentration‐dependent manner.
ADPR‐induced currents in human U937 cells, endogeneously expressing TRPM2 protein, were fully suppressed by 20 μM ACA.
Our data indicate that ACA modulates the activity of different TRP channels independent of PLA2 inhibition. Owing to its high potency and efficacy ACA can serve, in combination with other blockers, as a useful tool for studying the unknown function of TRPM2 in native cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 264–273. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706739
Survival time and period of catheterization in patients treated with percutaneous nephrostomy for urinary obstruction due to malignancy
Authors: Radecka E. , Magnusson M. , Magnusson A. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose: To assess patient mortality and survival time, period of catheterization, and indications for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) withdrawal in patients treated with PCN for urinary obstruction due to malignancy. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 151 patients treated with 257 PCNs in a 5-year period was performed. Data on survival time, duration of catheterization, and clinical end-points for PCN treatment were collected. Results: The median survival time of the patients was 255 days, while median catheterization time was 62 days. The majority of patients (84) died with the catheter. Indications for PCN withdrawal were surgery, stent treatment, catheter displacement, and response to medical treatment. Conclusion: The majority of patients with malignancy treated with PCN have advanced disease and short life expectancy. Factors such as diagnosis, prognosis, economy, and the patient's preference influence the choice of urinary diversion method. However, PCN should be considered in patients with malignancy on grounds of safety and low cost.
Glioma assessment using quantitative blood volume maps generated by T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a receiver operating characteristic study
Authors: Lüdemann L. , Grieger W. , Wurm R. , Wust P. , Zimmer C. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose: To investigate the use of blood volume maps in the non-invasive separation of glioma grades. Material and Methods: T1-weighted quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify the fractional intratumoral blood volume of 41 gliomas (World Health Organization (WHO) grades II–IV). Two methods, mean fractional intratumoral blood volume determination and a system based on thresholds for extracting the tumor pixels with the highest vascularization from the blood volume maps, were investigated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The thresholds were adjusted using the ROC curve area calculated using the trapezoid method. Results: The ability to separate grade II (WHO) gliomas from grades III–IV was nearly the same for both methods (ROC curve area 0.941 (threshold) versus 0.932 (mean value)) and significantly greater than the ability to separate grade IV (WHO) gliomas from grades II–III (ROC curve area 0.792 (threshold) versus 0.787 (mean value)). The best correspondence with WHO glioma grading was achieved using thresholds corresponding to only the 5.2% of tumor voxels with the largest blood volume for separating grade II gliomas and 4% for separating grade IV gliomas. Conclusion: Use of the optimized threshold resulted in matching with the WHO grading system in 74% of cases.
Transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with bleeding duodenal ulcer: an alternative to surgery
Authors: Bendix Holme J. , Tønner Nielsen D. , Funch-Jensen P. , Viborg Mortensen F. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in patients with bleeding/rebleeding duodenal ulcers. Material and Methods: Over a 6-year-period, 40 consecutive patients with bleeding/rebleeding after endoscopic therapy and/or surgery for duodenal ulcer were included in the study. Superselective angiographic catheterization and coil embolization were performed by the same interventional radiologist. Results: Lasting hemostasis was achieved in 26 of 40 patients (65%). Transfusion requirement was reduced from median 14 (range 3–35) units of blood before TAE to 2 (range 0–53) units after TAE. Ten patients died, five because of continuous bleeding. No adverse effects as a result of TAE were seen. Conclusion: TAE is an effective and safe treatment in a significant proportion of patients with bleeding duodenal/rebleeding ulcers after therapeutic endoscopy and/or surgery.
Multidetector computed tomography and neuroendocrine pancreaticoduodenal tumors
Authors: Rappeport E. D. , Palnaes Hansen C. , Kjaer A. , Knigge U. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of dedicated pancreatic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine pancreaticoduodenal tumors (NPTs). Material and Methods: MDCT and other imaging studies in patients with suspected NPTs were identified. Thirty dedicated MDCT studies were done in 23 patients. Fourteen patients (16 operations) subsequently had surgery. Imaging reports were reviewed and findings compared with surgical findings and findings in other imaging studies. Results: Patients with surgery: 19 NPTs (16 extrapancreatic gastrinomas and 3 pancreatic NPTs) were identified at surgery. MDCT identified 16 and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) 11 out of 19 tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound detected 11 out of 14 NPTs. Patients without surgery: In 4 out of 9 patients, no NPTs were identified at MDCT. Conclusion: Dedicated MDCT of the pancreas can identify many NPTs, including small duodenal and periduodenal tumors, and the detection rate is better than reported in the older literature on CT.
Indications of inflammation visualized by ultrasound in osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Kristoffersen H. , Torp-Pedersen S. , Terslev L. , Qvistgaard E. , Cato Holm C. , Ellegaard K. , Bliddal H. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose: Ultrasound examination of a group of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee for signs of inflammation. Material and Methods: 71 knees in 71 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were examined with high-resolution gray-scale ultrasound combined with color and spectral Doppler. The medial, lateral, and antero-superior compartments were examined. Hyperemia was identified as presence of color Doppler signals in the synovial membrane. Low resistance flow was defined as a resistive index <0.80 on spectral Doppler. Results: Synovial thickening was found in all knees; fluid in 61 patients; and hyperemia (color Doppler activity) in 51 patients. Of these, 44 had arterial flow on spectral Doppler – 36 with a low resistance flow. When present, fluid and color Doppler activity was found in all three compartments, but with uneven distribution. Conclusion: The finding in the majority of cases of both effusions on B-mode US and Doppler activity confirms that there is a varying degree of inflammation in knee OA as diagnosed by the ACR criteria.