bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of survival in patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Chang Alfred E. , Steinberg Seth M. , Culnane Mary , White Donald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrognostic indicators in 67 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases were analyzed. These patients were identified to have isolated hepatic metastases after extensive radiological evaluation and demonstrated good performance status without evidence of liver failure. Univariate analysis revealed 6 of 22 factors that were associated with survival: alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), occult intra‐ab‐dominal extrahepatic disease, percent hepatic replacement by tumor (PHR), sex, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A multivariate analysis identified two independent factors that jointly influenced survival: AP and PHR. Patients with an AP >175 U/liter had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with AP ⩾ 175 U/liter (P= 0.0001). Patients with PHR II or III (25–75%, >75%) also had a greater than threefold relative risk of dying compared with patients with PHR 1 (<25%;P= 0.0074). Our patient population is typical of that being entered into trials examining experimental therapies. Alkaline phosphatase and extent of liver involvement by tumor are significant prognostic indicators that should be accounted for in such studies.
Evaluation of partial hepatectomy for primary liver carcinoma
Authors: Li Guo‐Hui , Zhu Shao‐Li , Li Jin‐Qing , Zhan Yu‐Qing 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1964 to 1985, 120 cases of primary liver carcinoma had undergone hepatectomy in our hospital. Seven of these cases underwent hepatic lobectomy, 28 cases had palliative hepatic resection, and 85 cases had partial hepatectomy. We introduced different surgical modes and compared the mortality, survival rates, and complications between the hepatic lobectomy and partial hepatectomy groups. The mortality rates of these two groups were 14.3 and 3.5%, respectively, and the 1, 3, and 5 year survival rates were 83.3, 33.3, and 16.7 and 68.8, 48.1, and 20%, respectively. In the palliative hepatectomy group (28 cases), ten cases received combined radiotherapy postoperation. Most of these cases died during the first year postoperation. Primary liver cancer in Asia is commonly associated with hepatic cirrhosis. We suggest that partial hepatectomy is suitable for such patients. The results of the present series showed that the outcomes of the hepatic lobectomy and partial hepatectomy groups did not differ, but in partial hepatectomy, the operative mortality and complications were reduced, bleeding minimized, and operation time also shortened.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: Clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Ishida Teruyoshi , Nishino Toyohiko , Oka Takeshi , Yasumoto Kosei , Sugimachi Keizo , Hara Nobuyuki , Ohta Mitsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree in five patients was treated surgically and the clinicopathologic manifestations and histogenesis were examined in detail. Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and atelectasis on chest X‐ray were present in four patients, and the other patient was asymptomatic. Histologically, growth patterns were classified as tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid pattern was the most aggressive with extensive perineural invasion. Immunohistochemically, secretory component, lactoferrin, and epithelial membrane antigen were present in the cells lining the gland‐like lumen of tissues with the tubular and cribriform patterns, but was rare in those with a solid pattern. Desmin and S‐100 protein were detected in the nonlining cells of tissues with all three patterns. These findings suggest that this tumor originates from the myoepithelial cells of the bronchial gland and that the solid pattern was the most poorly differentiated form.
Surgery in patients with unsuspected pheochromocytomas
Authors: Feldman Jerome M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn four of the 37 patients operated on for a pheochromocytoma in the last 12 years at Duke Medical Center, the tumor was unsuspected. The first of the four patients had stable blood pressure and pulse during the operative and postoperative period. Although the second patient was thought to have a normal response to surgery, in retrospect her blood pressure showed significant variation. In contrast, the other two patients had wide variations in blood pressure and pulse during the operative and postoperative period. Electron microscopy of the tumor demonstrated numerous densecore neurosecretory granules suggestive of pheochromocytoma in all four patients. In three of the patients in which measurements could be made, there was a high concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in the tumors that was diagnostic of a pheochromocytoma. Although tissue from the fourth patient was not available for biochemical analysis, his urine and blood tests as well as his ultimate demise from the tumor confirmed that he had a malignant pheochromocytoma. Based on a negative chromaffin reaction‐which might be anticipated in a NE‐containing pheochromocytoma‐one of the patients with the smooth operative course was incorrectly diagnosed as an adrenocortical adenoma. We conclude that although patients with unrecognized pheochromocytomas do not inevitably have wide swings in blood pressure during surgery, this cannot be predicted in a given patient. Thus one should carefully evaluate all patients with suspicious retroperitoneal or intraabdominal masses for possible pheochromocytomas prior to resection of the masses.
The relationship between cholecystectomy and colon cancer: An Iowa study
Authors: Lee Shiong S. , Cha Stephen , Lee Richard L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between cholecystectomy and subsequent development of colon cancer was investigated in a case‐control study of 165 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the colon. These patients were from a community in Iowa where incidence of colon cancer was considered to be higher than average in the United States.The relative risk of developing colon cancer after cholecystectomy was shown to be 2.11 (P = .009) for the entire series and 2.91 (P = .002) for the female group. There was a difference of frequency in developing colon cancer after cholecystectomy between the right‐and left‐sided colons; the relative risk of the right versus the left colon cancer was 2.31 (P = .019). The other factors, including blood group, red cell indices, obesity, serum cholesterol, colonic diverticula, and co‐existence of hyperplastic or adenomatous polyp disclosed no significant relation to colon cancer developed after cholecystectomy.
Effect of local hyperthermia on lymph immune cells and lymphokines of normal human skin
Authors: Olszewski Waldemar L. , Grzelak Irena , Ziolkowska Anna , Engeset Arnfinn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of 3 h lasting local hyperthermia on immune cell traffic through the normal human skin to afferent lymphatics, cell phenotypes, responsiveness, and stimulatory properties were studied in eight men. Cells were harvested from lymph drained from foot skin. Heating the skin in a water bath of 44°C (skin temperature 2 mm under the surface 39°C) evoked an augmented traffic of mononuclear cells to lymph with preponderance of large, macrophage‐like, Ia‐positive cells, among them Langerhans cells. Lymphocytes obtained from the heated skin lymph revealed in culture increased spontaneous blastic transformation rate, augmented responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and enhanced PHA‐presenting properties to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. An increased stimulatory activity on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also observed. Lymph from heated skin augmented the PBM responsiveness to PHA and showed increased interleukin‐1‐like activity. Local heating of the skin is a potent signal initiating augmented traffic, and enhanced responsiveness and stimulatory activity of “passenger” immune cells. Their rapid nonspecific activation makes them indiscriminately active against a wide range of antigens before the specific response is developed.
Treatment selection for base of tongue carcinoma
Authors: Hintz Brace L. , Robert Kagan A. , Wollin Myron , Rao Aroor R. , Ryoo Monica C. , Nussbaum Herman , Rowland John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐two previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of tongue were retrospectively analyzed. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage distribution was I‐3, II‐7, III‐24, and IV‐28. The choice of treatment was nonrandomized. The local control was 10/18 with high‐dose preoperative radiation, 17/30 with external beam radiation only, and 4/14 with external beam plus interstitial implantation. The median survival for the three treatment regimens were 63, 51, and 13 months, respectively. Preoperative radiation is suggested for tumors with inferior (laryngeal) spread or those with extensive superior extension (to tonsillar fossa and beyond). For centrally placed lesions in the base of the tongue (with or without lateral hypopharyngeal wall spread), radiation alone is recommended. An interstitial implantation should be restricted to lesions equal to or less than 4 × 3 × 2.5 cm3. Since this insertion is technically more demanding than for tumors of the mobile tongue, they should be performed by the more experienced brachytherapist.
Splenic rupture in leukemia
Authors: Canady Michael R. , Welling Richard E. , Strobel Stephen L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a review of the incidence, differential diagnoses, mechanism of rupture, laboratory findings, and signs and symptoms of splenic rupture in leukemia. The types of leukemia most often associated with ruptured spleen are described. The treatment of splenic rupture in leukemia is splenectomy, with careful evaluation of the need for transfusion with appropriate blood products. The issue of whether such cases should be referred to as “pathologic” or “spontaneous” is discussed. Indications for prophylactic splenectomy in leukemia are also addressed.
Chemotesting of prostate cancer in xenografts
Authors: Byard Mark A. , Smith Jeffrey J. , Drago Joseph R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe subrenal capsule assay in the Nb rat, a rapid in vivo chemosensitivity assay, was used to evaluate human prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue. Pathologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma tissue from six patients, stages B2 to D1, was surgically implanted and grown for 7 days. The rats received chemotherapy on days 1–5. Effects were determined from tumor volume measurements and showed that Adriamycin (doxorubicin) was the most effective agent in three of six of the tumors. Two of the tumors responded to cisplatin and one to methotrexate.
Natural history and treatment of mucosal melanoma
Authors: McKinnon J. Gregory , Kokal William A. , Neifeld James P. , Kay Saul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐three patients with primary mucosal melanomas seen between 1960 and 1987 were reviewed. There were 17 patients with tumors arising from the head and neck, 17 from the vulva and/or vagina, 8 from the anorectum, and 1 from the esophagus. Twenty‐one patients were resected with curative intent. In patients with head and neck tumors, local recurrence was the initial cause of failure in the majority of cases, whereas with tumors arising from the anorectum, vulva, and vagina, systemic recurrence was more common. There were four long‐term survivors, and three of these had melanomas less than 1 mm thick with negative regional lymph nodes; no patients with mucosal melanoma less than 1 mm thick developed recurrent disease. Overall, actuarial survival was 64% after 1 year and 23% after 5 years. Mucosal melanoma has a poor prognosis, and adequate resectional surgery affords the only chance of long‐term survival.
Completely obstructive colorectal cancer
Authors: Kaufman Zvi , Eiltch Eli , Dinbar Alex 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐five patients with obstructing carcinoma of the colon and rectum were compared with 176 patients with nonobstructing tumor diagnosed over a 10‐year period. The age and sex distribution did not differ between the two groups. The site of greatest risk for obstruction was the splenic flexure and descending colon (50%); median survival in these patients was one‐half that for other sites. In the obstructed group no patient had Dukes' stage A vs. 9.6% in the nonobstructed patients, and 22% of the obstructed patients had Dukes' D vs. 14% of the nonobstructed patients. The 5‐year survival in Dukes' A was 82%, while no survivors were found for Dukes' D. The crude 5‐year survival rate was 22.4% in the obstructed patients and 49.1% in the nonobstructed patients; in‐hospital mortality was 22.4% and 6.8%, respectively, and the adjusted actuarial survival was 39% vs. 64%, respectively. Curative resection was performed in 68% of the obstructed and 83% of the nonobstructed patients. The adjusted actuarial 5‐year survival rates for these patients were 53% and 76%, respectively. The criteria for the tumor grade tested in this study, which included differentiation of the tumor cells, size, and the presence of perforation, did not influence the survival. Twenty‐one patients underwent primary resection, 15 had stage resection, and 9 had diversion procedures. The in‐hospital mortality rates were 35% for primary resection and diversion procedures and 7% for stage resection. The crude 5‐year survival was 32% for primary resection, 42% for stage resection (not statistically significant), and 0 for diversion procedures. The poor prognosis for the obstructed patients in our study was mainly related to 1) high in‐hospital mortality, 2) the lower rate of curative resection, 3) unequal distribution of the tumor site, and 4) to a small extent, the difference in Dukes' stage.
Local recurrence after curative resection of rectal cancer: A comparison of low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection
Authors: Vlasak Jerry W. , Wagner Donald , Passaro Edward , Wilson Samuel E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLocal recurrence rates after either low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection were compared in 109 patients undergoing curative surgery for adenocarcinoma of the rectum between 1979 and 1984. Follow‐up information was available for 99 patients (91%). The overall recurrence rate was 19%; ten recurrences (26.3%) for low anterior resections and nine (14.7%) for abdominoperineal resections. (P < .08). Recurrences were confirmed by biopsy or at reoperation. No significant difference in size of the lesion was evident at initial resection (average largest dimension 4.8 cm for low anterior and 5.5 cm for abdominoperineal resection). The average time to recurrence after resection was 18 months (16.5 months in the low anterior group vs. 19 months in the abdominoperineal group). Mean survival after recurrence was shorter for the abdominoperineal (3.4 months) as compared to the low anterior group (9.5 months) (P = .10). The overall median survival was 21 months (range 0–75 months) in both groups, and 38 patients were alive. Risk factors for recurrence were Dukes C lesions in patients who had a low anterior resection (8/18 or 44% recurrence) and poor histologic differentiation in patients who had either operation (3/6 or 50% recurrence).
Hepatocellular carcinoma: Some aspects to improve long‐term survival
Authors: Zhou Xin‐Da , Tang Zhao‐You , Yu Ye‐Qin , Ma Zeng‐Chen , Yang Bing‐Hui , Lu Ji‐Zhen , Lin Zhi‐Ying 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐six patients surviving over 5 years after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are investigated. Of them, subclinical stage amounted to 56.1% (37/66) and moderate stage to 43.9% (29/66). There were 35 cases with small HCC (⩽ 5 cm). Cirrhosis was present in 81.1% (54/66). Radical resection was performed in 98.5% (65/66) and palliative resection in 1.5% (1/66). Reoperation for subclinical recurrence and solitary pulmonary metastasis was done in 14 patients, and sequential resection of huge tumors, in three patients. By the end of June 1988, follow‐up varied from 60 to 319 months (mean, 115 months); 80.3% of the patients (53/66) are still alive and free of disease; 19.7% (13/66) died with disease. The majority of long‐term survivors have returned to their original work; some young patients got married after resection of small HCC 10 years ago, and some can even play football again. Some aspects to improve long‐term survival are discussed.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in four histologic cell types of lung cancer
Authors: Kaseda Shizuka , Ueda Masakazu , Ozawa Soji , Ishihara Tsuneo , Abe Osahiko , Shimizu Nobuyoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLung cancer tissues from 68 patients were examined for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor levels and EGF receptor gene copy numbers. Histologic cell types of these lung cancer tissues included squamous‐cell carcinoma (n = 30), adenocarcinoma (n = 28), large‐cell carcinoma (n = 4), and small‐cell carcinoma (n = 6). Tissues of squamous‐cell carcinoma exhibited exceptionally high 125I‐EGF binding activity, and those of small‐cell carcinoma showed no EGF binding activity. Southern blot hybridization analysis revealed EGF receptor gene amplification in the squamous‐cell carcinomas with high EGF binding activity. The EGF receptor levels in squamous‐cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were compared with their pathological staging grouping and pathological findings, including degree of differentiation, diameter of tumor, and lymph node metastasis. However, unlike previous reports on breast and bladder cancers, there was no obvious correlation between these pathological characteristics and the EGF receptor levels of lung cancer.
Advances in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer: Flow cytometry, intravesical bacillus calmette‐guerin, and systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Badalament Robert A. , Drago Joseph R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bladder cancer include flow cytometry, intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), and systemic chemotherapy. Once the subjects of clinical research protocols, these modalities are currently being incorporated into the general management of patients with bladder cancer. Flow cytometry, intravesical BCG, and systemic chemotherapy will be individually reviewed and their role in the management of patients with bladder cancer will be discussed.
Azo‐dye‐induced primary hepatoma and a gradual increase in thermosensitivity
Authors: Kusumoto Tetsuya , Maehara Yoshihiko , Sakaguchi Yoshihisa , Kusumoto Hiroki , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine whether or not the cytotoxic effects of hyperthermia are directed primarily to malignant cells, we examined changes in thermosensitivity during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats, as induced by 3′‐methyl‐4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′‐Me‐DAB). The findings were compared with those in livers of rats fed a commercial diet. The cell viability was determined using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. The succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity of liver cells, when exposed to heat (43°C) for 2, 5, or 10 hr, decreased in a time‐dependent manner, in each tissue. The decrease in SD activity was evident in 3′‐Me‐DAB liver for 5 hr of heat treatment on day 57, compared with findings in the normal liver. Significant differences were present for 2, 5, and 10 hr on days 93 and 136. Thus a chemically induced hepatoma is more sensitive to heat than are the normal cells. As this thermosensitivity gradually increased during the hepatocarcinogenesis, the malignant cells are particularly vulnerable to hyperthermia.
Squamous cell carcinoma with cyst of the thyroid
Authors: Harada Tanekazu , Katagiri Makoto , Tsukayama Chotatsu , Higashi Yasuto , Shimaoka Katsutaro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma associated with a thyroid cyst in the thyroid are described. The majority of squamous cell carcinomas reported so far have had some degree of co‐existing adenocarcinoma, while the cases presented in this report had no glandular component at all. The histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma is not clear, but at present, it is believed that most cases arise from the follicular epithelium. In our cases, in spite of an intensive examination of serially sectioned specimens, no areas of adenocarcinoma, squamous metaplasia from the follicular epithelium, or congenital squamous remnants could be found.
Role of gastroenterostomy in the palliative surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jacobs P. P. M. , van der Sluis R. F. , Wobbes T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe records of 72 consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer treated between 1974 and 1986 were evaluated to determine whether gastroenterostomy should be performed on a routine basis at initial intervention or on a therapeutic basis. Fourteen patients underwent an explorative laparotomy, 41 patients underwent biliary bypass, and 17 patients required biliary bypass and therapeutic gastroenterostomy at initial laparotomy. The mortality and morbidity rates in this last group were 18 and 59%, respectively. The most common complication was delayed gastric emptying (29%). Of the 37% of patients who required gastroenterostomy after initial biliary bypass, the mortality rate was 50% and delayed gastric emptying occurred in 57%. The mean survival after biliary bypass was 9.4 months while survival after therapeutic gastroenterostomy averaged 4.2 months. These findings suggest that gastroenterostomy should be performed on a prophylactic basis at initial intervention, unless a limited survival is expected.
Colon ornithine decarboxylase activity following standard endoscopy preparation regimens
Authors: Love Richard R. , Verma Ajit K. , Surawicz Tanya S. , Morrissey John F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOrnithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the formation of putrescine from ornithine, which is the first step in the pathway of mammalian polyamine biosynthesis. Tissue activity levels of ODC have been suggested to be a marker of risk for colorectal cancer in hereditary polyposis and in adenoma formers. We analyzed ODC activity in rectal and sigmoid colon mucosal biopsies obtained at 10 cm and at 30 cm in 40 healthy, colon cancer risk factor‐free adults following three endoscopic preparation regimens: (1) no special preparation; (2) two phosphate enemas; and (3) “Colyte” lavage preparation 12 hr previously. Levels of ODC, measured in fresh tissue, were approximately twofold higher for enema preparation vs. no preparation (for log‐transformed data: sigmoid, P < 0.0001; rectum, P = 0.0001) and for enema preparation vs. lavage (sigmoid, P = 0.0002; rectum, P = 0.008). Lavage and no preparation ODC levels were not significantly different. ODC activity levels ranged from 0.00 to 352.96 pmol/mg/hr.
Intussusception anastomosis of the esophagus: A new method of anastomosis after resection of esophageal or cardiac carcinoma
Authors: Zhi Hui‐Xian , Ma Jin‐Shan , Wang Shou‐Yi , Cao Jing‐Feng , Han Xiao‐Cun , Zhou Fu‐You , Shi Xiao‐Tian , Mei Ping 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new method of anastomosis after resection of esophageal or cardiac carcinoma was carried out in 141 patients in Anyang Cancer Hospital from February 1983 to September 1985. After resection of the tumor, the proximal end of the esophagus was intussuscepted into the stomach lumen and extroversion sutures were applied on the esophageal mucosa to prevent bleeding and stenosis. In this series, the operative mortality was 0.7% (1/141) and no anastomotic leakage was found. We consider that this modified operative procedure is fairly easy, simple, and beneficial in reducing surgical complications.