bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BONDSYM: SIMULINK‐based educational software for analysis of dynamic system
Authors: Calvo J.A. , Boada M.J. , Román J.L. San , Olmeda E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article presents an educational software called BONDSYM developed to allow engineering students to learn easily and quickly about the analysis of dynamic systems through the Bond Graph method. This software uses the SIMULINK library of MATLAB, which has proven to be an excellent choice in order to implement and solve the dynamic equations involved. The application allows for the representation of the behavior of a dynamic system analyzed through the Bond Graph theory in order to understand the dynamic equations and the physical phenomena involved. Based on block diagram of SIMULINK, the different “bonds” of Bond Graph can be integrated as SIMULINK blocks in order to generate the dynamic model. A few simple models are analyzed through this application. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 238–251, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20246
Melt fraction estimation using solid modeling for melting inside a sphere
Authors: Tan F. L. , Fok S. C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a method using CAD software (SolidWorks) and digitizing software (WinDIG) to estimate the melt fraction of the phase change material (PCM) during melting inside a sphere. The solid–liquid interface of the PCM inside the sphere is captured using a digital camera at a particular instant of time. Using the digitizing software, the coordinates of the solid–liquid interface are captured. The coordinates are imported into the CAD software to create the solid model of the melted solid PCM. The amount of solid melted inside the sphere can then be estimated and thus the melt fraction at that particular instant can be determined. The method described could be useful in the analysis of experimental data during materials processing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 290–297, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20258
Manipulating Cell Migration and Proliferation with a Light‐Activated Polypeptide
Authors: Miller Danielle S. , Chirayil Sara , Ball Haydn L. , Luebke Kevin J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRemote control of cells: A polypeptide has been made that stimulates proliferation and migration of cells upon photochemical activation. This light‐activated polypeptide enables spatially defined control of cell populations at the scale of tissue organization; this is accomplished without physically contacting the cells or modifying their substrate.magnified imagePolypeptide growth and differentiation factors modulate a wide variety of cell behaviors and can be used to manipulate cells in vitro for tissue engineering and basic studies of cell biology. To emulate in vitro the spatial aspect of growth factor function, new methods are needed to generate defined spatial gradients of activity. Polypeptide factors that are engineered to be activated with light provide a method for creating concentration gradients with the fine precision in space and time with which light can be directed. As a first test of this approach, we have chemically synthesized a polypeptide with the sequence of epidermal growth factor in which a critical glutamate is “caged” with a photoremovable group. Photolysis of this polypeptide afforded maximal mitogenic and chemokinetic activity at concentrations at which the caged factor was inactive. Spatially resolved photolysis of the factor resulted in spatial patterning of fibroblasts. This system will be useful for ex vivo tissue engineering and for investigating the interactions of cells with their matrix and the role of chemical gradients in biological pattern formation.
Inhibiting Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Fibril Formation by the Red Wine Compound Resveratrol
Authors: Mishra Rajesh , Sellin Daniel , Radovan Diana , Gohlke Andrea , Winter Roland 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGrapes for amyloids: The red wine compound resveratrol can effectively inhibit the formation of IAPP amyloid that is found in type II diabetes. Our in vitro inhibition results do not depend on the antioxidant activity of resveratrol. Further, the markedly enhanced cell survival in the presence of resveratrol also indicates that the small oligomeric structures that are observed during β‐sheet formation are not toxic and could be off‐pathway assembly products.magnified image
Ferrocenyl‐Ended Thieno–Vinylene Oligomers: Donor–Acceptor Polarization and Mixed‐Valence Properties with Emphasis on the Raman Mapping of Localized‐to‐Delocalized Transitions
Authors: Casado Juan , Rodríguez González Sandra , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Moreno Oliva María , López Navarrete Juan T. , Caballero Ruben , de la Cruz Pilar , Langa Fernando 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhat's your role? New oligothiophene–vinylene compounds have been synthesized to study the role of the conjugated chain in two different cases (see scheme; MV=mixed valence). The electronic and molecular structures were analyzed by means of electronic, X‐ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy, together with thermo spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and DFT calculations.magnified imageNew oligothiophene–vinylene compounds have been synthesized in order to study the role of the conjugated chain in two different cases: 1) when push–pull action operates between an electron‐donor and an electron‐acceptor group at the ends of the thiophene–vinylene conjugated chain, and 2) when mixed‐valence action is induced by single oxidation of the same chain functionalized at both terminal positions with ferrocene groups leading to competition between the donor groups. The electronic and molecular structures are analyzed by means of electronic, X‐ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies, together with thermospectroscopy, electrochemistry and density functional theory calculations. The cyclic voltammetry processes have been followed by spectrochemistry. It is shown that the radical cation of the diferrocenyl derivative is a class III mixed‐valence system (i.e., fully delocalized) according to its Raman spectrum. Moreover, by Raman thermo‐spectroscopy the thermal transition of this radical cation from a delocalized (class III, room temperature) to a localized (class II, −160 °C) state is scanned. In all cases the Raman study is paralleled by an electronic absorption spectroscopic analysis. Structure–property relationships are proposed for molecules of two important fields of very active research as that of the non‐linear optics (i.e., organic optoelectronic) and that of the mixed‐valence systems (i.e., charge‐transfer processes).
The changing face of Phase 1 cancer clinical trials
Authors: Craft Barbara S. , Kurzrock Razelle , Lei Xiudong , Herbst Roy , Lippman Scott , Fu Siqing , Karp Daniel D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPhase 1 studies in cancer have changed in recent years. Now, with the advent of new, less toxic, targeted agents, more patients may be candidates for new drug studies earlier in the course of their disease. It is to the advantage of the members of the oncology community to know more regarding the details and requirements for participation in early‐phase clinical trials so they can advocate for their patients and help them decide when such trials may be an appropriate choice. To examine the work intensity of early phase cancer clinical trials, the authors of this report compared the study requirements of phase 1 and 2 protocols. Five parameters were studied as a surrogate of study complexity—the number of physical examinations, vital sign determinations, electrocardiograms (ECGs), nonpharmacokinetic laboratory tests, and pharmacokinetic (PK) sampling—in the first 4 weeks of protocol in 90 studies (49 phase 1 studies and 41 phase 2 studies). From July 2004 through March 2007, there were 49 phase 1 trials in the phase 1 Program, 9 phase 2 studies that were conducted by physicians appointed in that program, and 32 phase 2 trials with accessible data in the Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology. In the phase 1 trials versus the phase 2 trials, there were significantly more (P < .05) physical examinations (mean ± standard error, 3.16 ± 0.24 vs 2.22 ± 0.13), vital sign determinations (5.63 ± 0.61 vs 2.80 ± 0.26), ECGs (4.36 ± 1.16 vs 0.80 ± 0.17), nonpharmacokinetic laboratory tests (18.08 ± 1.31 vs 10.12 ± 0.65), and PK sampling (15.14 ± 1.79 vs 1.02 ± 0.53). These values also differed significantly (P < .005 for each) when the median values were compared in nonparametric tests. Although both phase 1 and phase 2 trials had substantial study requirements, those for the phase 1 studies were significantly higher. The successful conduct of early‐phase clinical trials requires significant research infrastructure. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
How an Inert‐Gas Matrix Can Modify the Molecular Properties of Lanthanide Trifluoride
Authors: Lanza Giuseppe , Minichino Camilla 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAb initio computations performed on LaF3⋅Arn (n=1–21) complexes allow a quantification of the short‐range many‐body interactions arising in the argon matrix. It is shown that the molecular properties of LaF3 are strongly influenced by the embedding medium. The largest investigated cluster, LaF3⋅Ar21, resembles an hcp structure with the LaF3 molecule occupying the central substitutional site (see figure).magnified image
Absence of TGFβ signaling in embryonic vascular smooth muscle leads to reduced lysyl oxidase expression, impaired elastogenesis, and aneurysm
Authors: Choudhary Bibha , Zhou Jingjing , Li Peng , Thomas Simmy , Kaartinen Vesa , Sucov Henry M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo address the requirement for TGFβ signaling in the formation and maintenance of the vascular matrix, we employed lineage‐specific mutation of the type II TGFβ receptor gene (Tgfbr2) in vascular smooth muscle precursors in mice. In both neural crest‐ and mesoderm‐derived smooth muscle, absence of TGFβ receptor function resulted in a poorly organized vascular elastic matrix in late‐stage embryos which was prone to dilation and aneurysm. This defect represents a failure to initiate formation of the elastic matrix, rather than a failure to maintain a preexisting matrix. In mutant tissue, lysyl oxidase expression was substantially reduced, which may contribute to the observed pathology. genesis 47:115–121, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of Silver Solid Amalgam Working Electrode for Determination of Nitrophenols by HPLC with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Danhel Ales , Shiu Kwok Keung , Yosypchuk Bogdan , Barek Jiri , Peckova Karolina , Vyskocil Vlastimil 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe use of a silver solid amalgam working electrode for HPLC with electrochemical detection has been investigated. The thin‐layer and wall‐jet detectors based on this electrode were constructed and applied for the determination of a mixture of nitrophenols. The optimal separation and detection conditions for the determination of 2‐nitrophenol, 4‐nitrophenol, 2,4‐dinitrophenol and 2‐methoxy‐5‐nitrophenol in mixture were found using RP‐HPLC at Nova‐Pack C18 column and amperometric detection with the above mentioned detectors. It has been proved that the silver solid amalgam electrode is a suitable working electrode for HPLC‐ED and provides sufficient sensitivity for determination of tested nitrophenols.
Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Selected Nitro‐Compounds on Silver, Solid Silver Composite, and Solid Graphite Composite Electrodes
Authors: Navrátil Tomáš , Barek Jiří , Fašinová‐Šebková Světlana 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThree different types of solid electrodes, namely silver electrode, silver composite electrode containing 20% (m/m) of silver powder, 20% (m/m) of graphite powder and 60% (m/m) of methacrylate resin and graphite composite electrode containing 30% (m/m) of graphite powder and 70% (m/m) of epoxy resin were tested for differential pulse voltammetric determination of selected genotoxic nitro‐compounds using 2‐nitronaphthalene, 6‐nitroquinoline, and 5‐nitrobenzimidazole as model compounds. It was found that all three electrodes can be used for the determination of micromolar concentrations of tested model substances, the limit of detection and other figures of merits being dependent both on the electrode used and the substance to be determined.
Analysis of PTH‐Cysteine by Adsorptive Stripping Square‐Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Vilaseca C. , Quintana M. C. , Hernández P. , Vicente J. , Hernández L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work is the study of cysteine by its derivative form. Cysteine derivation is done by Edman degradation and we obtain the phenylthiohydantoin of cysteine. Edman degradation is one of the most usual procedures for sequentate proteins. From this reaction, the phenylthiohydantoin amino acid derivative (PTH‐amino acid) from the N‐terminal one is obtained, leaving the new amino terminus for the next degradation cycle. To identify the produced PTH‐derivative, a square‐wave cathodic stripping voltammetry method is developed. In this work we show the results obtained for the optimization the instrumental and chemical conditions, and we can conclude that it is an electrochemically irreversible system with adsorptive reduction phemomenon. Under the best conditions we found a new method to analyze proteins with LOD of 2 μg L−1 and LOQ of 5 μg L−1, a RSD less than 10% and a Er minor than 9%. Results of the application of this methodology to a real protein are included.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Graphite Electrodes for Electrochemical Monitoring of Nucleic Acids and Biomolecular Interactions
Authors: Erdem Arzum , Karadeniz Hakan , Caliskan Ayfer 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) modified disposable graphite electrodes (SWCNT‐PGEs) were investigated in our study for the improved electrochemical monitoring of nucleic acids and biomolecular interactions based on the higher signal enhancement comparison to bare PGEs. The surface morphologies of bare PGE and SWCNT‐PGE were firstly explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The easy surface modification of disposable graphite electrodes with carbon nanotubes was performed by passive adsorption, and DNA was then immobilized onto the SWCNT‐PGEs by the formation of covalent coupling between the carboxylated ends of nanotubes and the amine group in the guanine bases of DNA. The overall performance of SWCNT‐PGEs has also been studied, and discussed in terms of optimum analytical conditions; such as, the effect of pretreatment step, CNT concentration, DNA concentration, etc. The reproducible detection of DNA represent a very attractive approach for the further detection of interaction between the anticancer drug, daunorubicin (DNR) and double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Voltammetric results were complemented with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), that was used to characterize the successful construction of carbon nanotubes modification onto the surface of PGEs.
Global health partnerships in practice: taking stock of the GAVI Alliance's new investment in health systems strengthening
Authors: Naimoli Joseph F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDespite a burgeoning literature on global health partnerships (GHPs), there have been few studies of how GHPs, particularly those trying to build a bridge between horizontal and vertical modes of delivering essential health services, operate at global and country levels. This paper will help address this knowledge gap by describing and analyzing the GAVI Alliance's early experience with health systems strengthening (HSS) to improve immunization coverage and other maternal‐child health outcomes. To date, the strengths of HSS reside in its potential to optimize GAVI's overall investment in immunization, efforts to harmonize with other initiatives, willingness to acknowledge risk and identify mitigation strategies, engagement of diverse stakeholders, responsiveness to country needs, and effective management of an ambitious grant‐making enterprise. The challenges have been forging a common vision and approach, governance, balancing pressure to move money with incremental learning, managing partner roles and relationships, managing the “value for money” risk, and capacity building. This mid‐point stock‐taking makes recommendations for moving GAVI forward in a thoughtful manner. The findings should be of interest to other GHPs because of their larger significance. This is a story about how a successful alliance that decided to broaden its mandate has responded to the technical, organizational, and political complexities that challenge its traditional business model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding hydrological processes in a highly stressed granitic aquifer in southern India
Authors: Reddy D. V. , Nagabhushanam P. , Sukhija B. S. , Reddy A. G. S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe results of a study evaluating the recharge/discharge conditions of an unconfined stressed granitic aquifer situated in a semi‐arid region of Andhra Pradesh, Southern India are presented. Over the last three decades, excessive withdrawal of groundwater has drastically lowered the water table to the bedrock. The watershed studied was divided into four zones based on geomorphology and hydrogeological conditions. Using environmental chloride data pertaining to groundwater, soil depth profiles, and some hydrogeologic and hydrochemical observations, a recharge model for the watershed was developed. The model revealed that the bulk of the vertical recharge in the western elevated land occurs through preferred pathways and that a small fraction occurs through the soil matrix. In addition, the watershed has a poor hydrogeologic fabric, as indicated by the small range of matrix flow recharge (1 to 1·5% of rainfall) among the four zones. The dominating preferential flow was high (∼16% of the annual average rainfall) in the valley fills, but decreased to 5–5·5% in the plains. Furthermore, although the bulk of the recharge occurs vertically, considerable lateral movement of groundwater down the slope indicates that sequential hydrochemical changes occur. Distinct geomorphological features that exist in the watershed support the proposed model. Situations similar to those described above may exist in numerous watersheds in the granitic hard rock region; therefore, information obtained from investigations conducted in this watershed can aid in the development of plans enabling the sustainable exploitation of watersheds that have not yet been developed, as well as implementation of appropriate rainwater conservation measures in over‐exploited watersheds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum lipids and endometrial cancer risk: Results from the HUNT‐II study
Authors: Lindemann Kristina , Vatten Lars J. , Ellstrøm‐Engh Marie , Eskild Anne 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObesity is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer. Still, the association of obesity‐related metabolic factors, such as serum lipids and lipoprotein levels, is unclear. We prospectively examined the association of serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high‐density lipoprotein (non‐HDL), and HDL cholesterol with endometrial cancer risk among 31,473 women. During 9 years of follow‐up, 100 cases of endometrial cancer were identified by linkage to the Cancer Registry of Norway. There was a positive association of serum triglyceride levels with endometrial cancer risk. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of triglycerides, the age‐adjusted hazard ratio was 2.34 (95% CI: 1.04–5.28), and further adjustment for body mass index attenuated the association (hazard ratio 1.79, 95% CI: 0.79–4.05). For total serum cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and HDL cholesterol there were no associations with endometrial cancer risk, either without or after adjustment for body mass index. Serum triglyceride levels were positively associated with the risk of endometrial cancer, and some of the association seems to be attributable to obesity. Apart from higher estrogen levels produced in adipose tissue, mechanisms more specifically related to triglycerides may also be involved in endometrial cancer. Further prospective studies on this subject are needed to better understand the association of blood lipids with endometrial cancer risk. © 2009 UICC
Common variants in the UBC9 gene encoding the SUMO‐conjugating enzyme are associated with breast tumor grade
Authors: Dünnebier Thomas , Bermejo Justo Lorenzo , Haas Susanne , Fischer Hans‐Peter , Pierl Christiane B. , Justenhoven Christina , Brauch Hiltrud , Baisch Christian , Gilbert Michael , Harth Volker , Spickenheuer Anne , Rabstein Sylvia , Pesch Beate , Brüning Thomas , Ko Yon‐Dschun , Hamann Ute 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUBC9 encodes a protein that conjugates small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO) to target proteins resulting in a change of their localization, activity or stability. Genetic variability may affect expression and activity of UBC9 and may have an impact on breast tumor progression. We investigated associations between UBC9 genotypes and histopathological parameters in 1,021 breast cancer cases of the GENICA collection using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach. Genotyping analyses were performed by TaqMan® allelic discrimination. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by ordinal logistic regression. Multiple imputation based on HapMap data was applied to boost the power of the study. The study revealed significant associations of three UBC9 SNPs with histological grade (rs7187167, ptrend = 0.001; rs11248866, ptrend = 0.009; rs8052688, ptrend = 0.008). Model selection identified a recessive penetrance model for rs7187167 as the best representation of tumor grade (global p = 0.001). This model did not improve by inclusion of additional SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Imputation of SNPs in a 300 kb region around the genotyped SNPs supported rs7187167 as a major contributor to tumor grade. Compared with common allele carriers, rare homozygotes presented less frequently with high grade tumors (G3 vs. G1: OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.62; G3 vs. G2: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.23–0.86). In addition to tumor size, nodal status and estrogen receptor status, multivariate analyses confirmed an independent role of rs7187167 as predictor of tumor grade (p = 0.0003). The present results underline the value of genetic variation in UBC9 for breast cancer prognosis. © 2009 UICC