bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergences of Private Self-Interest and the Common Good in Medieval Europe: An Overview of Economic Theories, c. 1150–c. 1500
Authors: Nederman Cary J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Western Middle Ages witnessed the emergence of a wide array of economic theories of public life and the common good that emphasized the worthiness (indeed priority) of ensuring a satisfactory arrangement of economic goods primarily for the sake of meeting the physical, temporal needs of individuals from all classes and orders. The chapter surveys a plethora of texts, dating from the middle of the twelfth century up to the end of the fifteenth, that considered pragmatic issues related to how the material self-interest of human beings coincided with the augmentation of public wealth within a community, and especially how governmental policies promoted or hampered the goal of personal economic improvement. Despite the diversity of and occasional discordance among these writings, all of them fundamentally agree on two interrelated points: (1) the pursuit of material self-interest, rather than conflicting with or detracting from the common good, actually supports and enhances it; (2) the responsibility of government to promote the public welfare requires paying careful attention to the protection and promotion of private advantage.
DRAT Proofs of Unsatisfiability for SAT Modulo Monotonic Theories
Authors: Feng Nick , Hu Alan J. , Bayless Sam , Iqbal Syed M. , Trentin Patrick , Whalen Mike , Pike Lee , Backes John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGenerating proofs of unsatisfiability is a valuable capability of most SAT solvers, and is an active area of research for SMT solvers. This paper introduces the first method to efficiently generate proofs of unsatisfiability specifically for an important subset of SMT: SAT Modulo Monotonic Theories (SMMT), which includes many useful finite-domain theories (e.g., bit vectors and many graph-theoretic properties) and is used in production at Amazon Web Services. Our method uses propositional definitions of the theory predicates, from which it generates compact Horn approximations of the definitions, which lead to efficient DRAT proofs, leveraging the large investment the SAT community has made in DRAT. In experiments on practical SMMT problems, our proof generation overhead is minimal (7.41% geometric mean slowdown, 28.8% worst-case), and we can generate and check proofs for many problems that were previously intractable.
Deciding Boolean Separation Logic via Small Models
Authors: Dacík Tomáš , Rogalewicz Adam , Vojnar Tomáš , Zuleger Florian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a novel decision procedure for a fragment of separation logic (SL) with arbitrary nesting of separating conjunctions with boolean conjunctions, disjunctions, and guarded negations together with a support for the most common variants of linked lists. Our method is based on a model-based translation to SMT for which we introduce several optimisations—the most important of them is based on bounding the size of predicate instantiations within models of larger formulae, which leads to a much more efficient translation of SL formulae to SMT. Through a series of experiments, we show that, on the frequently used symbolic heap fragment, our decision procedure is competitive with other existing approaches, and it can outperform them outside the symbolic heap fragment. Moreover, our decision procedure can also handle some formulae for which no decision procedure has been implemented so far.
IsaRare: Automatic Verification of SMT Rewrites in Isabelle/HOL
Authors: Lachnitt Hanna , Fleury Mathias , Aniva Leni , Reynolds Andrew , Barbosa Haniel , Nötzli Andres , Barrett Clark , Tinelli Cesare 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSatisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers are widely used to ensure the correctness of safety- and security-critical applications. Therefore, being able to trust a solver’s results is crucial. One way to increase trust is to generate independently checkable proof certificates, which record the reasoning steps done by the solver. A key challenge with this approach is that it is difficult to efficiently and accurately produce proofs for reasoning steps involving term rewriting rules. Previous work showed how a domain-specific language, Rare, can be used to capture rewriting rules for the purposes of proof production. However, in that work, the Rare rules had to be trusted, as the correctness of the rules themselves was not checked by the proof checker. In this paper, we present IsaRare, a tool that can automatically translate Rare rules into Isabelle/HOL lemmas. The soundness of the rules can then be verified by proving the lemmas. Because an incorrect rule can put the entire soundness of a proof system in jeopardy, our solution closes an important gap in the trustworthiness of SMT proof certificates. The same tool also provides a necessary component for enabling full proof reconstruction of SMT proof certificates in Isabelle/HOL. We evaluate our approach by verifying an extensive set of rewrite rules used by the cvc5 SMT solver.
Exceptional Dehn Surgeries on Some Infinite Series of Hyperbolic Knots and Links
Authors: Cavicchioli Alberto , Spaggiari Fulvia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study closed connected orientable 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgery along the oriented components of a link, introduced and considered by Motegi and Song (2005) and Ichihara et al. (2008). For such manifolds, we find a finite balanced group presentation of the fundamental group and describe exceptional surgeries. This allows us to construct an infinite family of tunnel number one strongly invertible hyperbolic knots with three parameters, which admit toroidal surgeries and Seifert fibered surgeries. Among the obtained results, we mention that for every integer $$n >5$$

n
>
5

there are infinitely many hyperbolic knots in the 3–sphere, whose $$(n-2)$$

(
n
-
2
)

and $$(n+1)$$

(
n
+
1
)

-surgeries are toroidal, and $$(n-1)$$

(
n
-
1
)

and n-surgeries are Seifert fibered.
From hypertoric geometry to bordered Floer homology via the $$m=1$$ amplituhedron
Authors: Lauda Aaron D. , Licata Anthony M. , Manion Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe relate the Fukaya category of the symmetric power of a genus zero surface to deformed category $$\mathcal {O}$$
O
of a cyclic hypertoric variety by establishing an isomorphism between algebras defined by Ozsváth–Szabó in Heegaard–Floer theory and Braden–Licata–Proudfoot–Webster in hypertoric geometry. The proof extends work of Karp–Williams on sign variation and the combinatorics of the $$m=1$$

m
=
1

amplituhedron. We then use the algebras associated to cyclic arrangements to construct categorical actions of $$\mathfrak {gl}(1|1)$$

gl
(
1
|
1
)

, and generalize our isomorphism to give a conjectural algebraic description of the Fukaya category of a complexified hyperplane complement.
Diophantine conditions in the law of the iterated logarithm for lacunary systems
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , Frühwirth Lorenz , Prochno Joscha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is a classical observation that lacunary function systems exhibit many properties which are typical for systems of independent random variables. However, it had already been observed by Erdős and Fortet in the 1950s that probability theory’s limit theorems may fail for lacunary sums $$\sum f(n_k x)$$

∑
f
(

n
k

x
)

if the sequence $$(n_k)_{k \ge 1}$$

(

n
k

)

k
≥
1

has a strong arithmetic “structure”. The presence of such structure can be assessed in terms of the number of solutions $$k,\ell $$

k
,
ℓ

of two-term linear Diophantine equations $$a n_k - b n_\ell = c$$

a

n
k

-
b

n
ℓ

=
c

. As the first author proved with Berkes in 2010, saving an (arbitrarily small) unbounded factor for the number of solutions of such equations compared to the trivial upper bound, rules out pathological situations as in the Erdős–Fortet example, and guarantees that $$\sum f(n_k x)$$

∑
f
(

n
k

x
)

satisfies the central limit theorem (CLT) in a form which is in accordance with true independence. In contrast, as shown by the first author, for the law of the iterated logarithm (LIL) the Diophantine condition which suffices to ensure “truly independent” behavior requires saving this factor of logarithmic order. In the present paper we show that, rather surprisingly, saving such a logarithmic factor is actually the optimal condition in the LIL case. This result reveals the remarkable fact that the arithmetic condition required of $$(n_k)_{k \ge 1}$$

(

n
k

)

k
≥
1

to ensure that $$\sum f(n_k x)$$

∑
f
(

n
k

x
)

shows “truly random” behavior is a different one at the level of the CLT than it is at the level of the LIL: the LIL requires a stronger arithmetic condition than the CLT does.
Closing the supply-side gap: using a novel vulnerability index to identify the right policy mix for coal producing countries
Authors: Yanguas Parra Paola Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid coal phaseout is a key measure to reach the 1.5 °C warming target. With projected global coal demand declining faster than global supply, a poorly anticipated and planned transition in coal producing countries would have huge local and national economic and social impacts. Identifying the vulnerabilities of specific coal producing countries and regions to this transition is important for designing appropriate policies to manage its potential local and national impacts. For this purpose, the novel Coal Transitions Vulnerability Index (COTRAVI) is developed, composed by 12 key “transition risk” and “ability to cope” indicators, for the 10 largest coal producing countries. In addition to indicators included in previous transition risks analyses such as energy and economic dependency, coal reserves, and age of coal assets, the COTRAVI includes indicators to account for the likely speed of the transition (based on simulations from the COALMOD World model), the exposure and resilience of coal producing regions, the national economic resilience, and the transition policies in place. This provides a more holistic approach to identifying and comparing the challenges of producing countries. The results show the high importance of Just Transition plans in increasing the ability to cope with the transition, as well as the need for more structural changes and targeted policy efforts in highly vulnerable countries and heavily coal-dependent regions. The COTRAVI analysis also identifies two relevant roadblocks for a globally just coal transition: high cost of capital and stranded assets risk in the coal producing countries.
Experience of an anatomic femoral stem in a UK orthopaedic centre beyond 20 years of follow-up
Authors: Turnbull G. , Blacklock C. , Akhtar A. , Dunstan E. , Ballantyne J. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Increasing interest in the use of anatomical stems has developed as the prevalence of periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) continues to increase. The primary aim of this study was to determine the long-term survivorship and PPF rate of an anatomical femoral stem in a single UK centre.

Patients and methods
Between 2000 and 2002, 94 consecutive THAs were performed using the 170 mm Lubinus SP II anatomical femoral stem in our institution. Patient demographics, operative details and clinical outcomes were collected prospectively in an arthroplasty database. Patient records and national radiographic archives were reviewed finally at a mean of 21.5 years (SD 0.7) following surgery to identify occurrence of subsequent revision surgery, dislocation or periprosthetic fracture.

Results
Mean patient age at surgery was 65.8 years (SD 12.5, 34–88 years). There were 48 women (51%). Osteoarthritis was the operative indication in 88 patients (94%). Analysis of all-cause THA failure demonstrated a survivorship of 98.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98.0–99.3%) at 10 years and 96.7% (94.5–98.9%) at 21 years. The 20-year stem survival for aseptic loosening was 100% with no cases of significant lysis found (lucent line > 2 mm) and no stems required revision. Patient demographics did not appear to influence risk of revision (p > 0.05). There were 2 revisions in total (2 for acetabular loosening with original stems retained). There were no PPFs identified at mean 21.5 year follow-up and 5 dislocations (5%).

Conclusions
The Lubinus SP II 170 mm stem demonstrated excellent survivorship and negligible PPF rates over 20 years following primary THA.
Klimawandel und psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Tretter Felix , Göd Julia , Löffler-Stastka Henriette 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie ökologische Wende der Gesellschaft hat nicht nur die Medizin, sondern auch die Psychiatrie erfasst. So hat der Aufruf der DGPPN (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde) zu einer „Ökologischen Psychiatrie“ nicht nur fachexterne, sondern auch fachintern viele Gründe: Extremwetterereignisse wirken sich direkt auf das gehäufte Auftreten psychischer Erkrankungen aus. Die Solastalgie, die Trauer um verlorenen Lebensraum und Klimaangst, beschreibt neue psychische Syndrome angesichts der existenziellen Bedrohung durch die Klimakrise. Indirekte Folgen des Klimawandels wie Nahrungsmittelknappheit, ökonomische Krisen und ungewollte Migration stellen zusätzliche psychische Risiko- und Belastungsfaktoren dar. Eine nachhaltige Psychiatrie muss sich dementsprechend auf einen steigenden und veränderten Bedarf einstellen. Psychiatrische Behandlungskonzepte müssen die Prävention stärker in den Fokus rücken, um das Versorgungssystem aufrechterhalten zu können.Diese Initiative bedarf einiger Grundüberlegungen, um eine fundierte Aktivität zu ermöglichen. Dabei sind mehrere begriffliche und methodologische Überlegungen anzustellen, die zu einem praxisrelevanten und profunden Verständnis führen sollen, denn die zersplitterte Welterfahrung muss durch ein konsistentes Bild vom Ist und Soll der Welt ersetzt werden, um Kognitionen und Affekte vor allem bei vulnerablen Subjekten zu harmonisieren.
Simultaneous biosorption of acid violet and reactive yellow dyes by Cladosporium cladosporioides
Authors: Keskin Can Serkan , Keskin Semra Yılmazer , Topcu Mehmet Can 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synthetic dye mixture of Acid Violet 90 and Reactive Yellow 145 was treated with dead Cladosporium cladosporioides biomass. The individual concentrations were calculated with the first-order derivative spectrophotometric method. The calibration curves were plotted at wavelengths of 578.4 nm and 318.2 nm in the derivative spectrum for Acid Violet 90 and Reactive Yellow 145, respectively. The calculated limit of quantitation value is ~ 2.5 mg/L for Acid Violet 90 and ~ 1.5 mg/L for Reactive Yellow 145. The achieved mean recovery percentage values are around 100%. The highest removal efficiency (100%) was obtained for both dyes at pH 4 using 0.25 g biomass and 50 mg/L of each dye in 60 min reaction time with 150 rpm shaking speed. The hydrochloric acid solution was used for biomass regeneration, and the removal efficiencies remained at 99% and 89% for Acid Violet 90 and Reactive Yellow 145 in the third cycle.
Graphical abstract
Investigation of long non-coding RNAs in extracellular vesicles from low-volume blood serum specimens of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Boudna Marie , Machackova Tana , Vychytilova-Faltejskova Petra , Trachtova Karolina , Bartosova Renata , Catela Ivkovic Tina , Al Tukmachi Dagmar , Jugas Robin , Pifkova Lucie , Orlickova Jana , Kotoucek Jan , Pavlikova Marketa , Sachlova Milana , Bohovicova Lucia , Stanek Teodor , Halamkova Jana , Kiss Igor , Grolich Tomas , Svoboda Martin , Kala Zdenek , Souckova Kamila , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: April 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer type worldwide, which highlights the urgent need for non-invasive biomarkers for its early detection and improved prognosis. We aimed to investigate the patterns of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) collected from low-volume blood serum specimens of CRC patients, focusing on their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Our research comprised two phases: an initial exploratory phase involving RNA sequencing of sEVs from 76 CRC patients and 29 healthy controls, and a subsequent validation phase with a larger cohort of 159 CRC patients and 138 healthy controls. Techniques such as dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting were utilized for sEV characterization. Optimized protocol for sEV purification, RNA isolation and preamplification was applied to successfully sequence the RNA content of sEVs and validate the results by RT-qPCR. We successfully isolated sEVs from blood serum and prepared sequencing libraries from a low amount of RNA. High-throughput sequencing identified differential levels of 460 transcripts between CRC patients and healthy controls, including mRNAs, lncRNAs, and pseudogenes, with approximately 20% being lncRNAs, highlighting several tumor-specific lncRNAs that have not been associated with CRC development and progression. The validation phase confirmed the upregulation of three lncRNAs (NALT1, AL096828, and LINC01637) in blood serum of CRC patients. This study not only identified lncRNA profiles in a population of sEVs from low-volume blood serum specimens of CRC patients but also highlights the value of innovative techniques in biomolecular research, particularly for the detection and analysis of low-abundance biomolecules in clinical samples. The identification of specific lncRNAs associated with CRC provides a foundation for future research into their functional roles in cancer development and potential clinical applications.
Endogeneity in stochastic frontier models with 'wrong' skewness: copula approach without external instruments
Authors: Haschka Rouven E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStochastic frontier models commonly assume positive skewness for the inefficiency term. However, when this assumption is violated, efficiency scores converge to unity. The potential endogeneity of model regressors introduces another empirical challenge, impeding the identification of causal relationships. This paper tackles these issues by employing an instrument-free estimation method that extends joint estimation through copulas to handle endogenous regressors and skewness issues. The method relies on the Gaussian copula function to capture dependence between endogenous regressors and composite errors with a simultaneous consideration of positively or negatively skewed inefficiency. Model parameters are estimated through maximum likelihood, and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimation procedures in finite samples. This research contributes to the stochastic frontier models and production economics literature by presenting a flexible and parsimonious method capable of addressing wrong skewness of inefficiency and endogenous regressors simultaneously. The applicability of the method is demonstrated through an empirical example.
Simultaneous Analysis of Formaldehyde and Methanol Emissions During Curing Reactions of Polyester-melamine Coatings
Authors: Rippatha Elias , Schwarzinger Clemens 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a new derivatization agent for the simultaneous quantification of formaldehyde and methanol during curing reactions of complex organic coatings. Formaldehyde emitted from a polyester-melamine coating is derivatized in a gas phase reaction with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) to form formaldehyde dimethylhydrazone (FDMH). UDMH and FDMH tend to degrade at temperatures above 200 °C rather fast. The applicability of derivatization agent and analyte as well as their degradation products are therefore discussed thoroughly. In this method curing temperatures of 150 °C with incubation times between 0.1 and 60 min are used to trigger crosslinking reactions. The emissions of formaldehyde and methanol are continuously quantified with headspace gas chromatography to obtain an emission trend. While one of the main sources of formaldehyde is the demethylolation during crosslinking, methanol is produced via hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) deetherification and as a condensation byproduct. The emission monitoring shows a high potential for comparative and mechanistic investigations. Results show good repeatability with low standard deviations (< 7%) with a quantification limit of 2.09 µg for formaldehyde and 2.08 µg for methanol.
Quota Consolidation in Norwegian Coastal Fisheries
Authors: Abe Keita , Nøstbakken Linda , Wold Mads Fjeld 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBalancing the trade-off between economic efficiency and social objectives has been a challenge for natural resource managers under rights-based management. While the actual prioritization should be guided by social preferences, the mechanisms and consequences of the quota transfer system need to be well understood. We investigate the effects of the quota transfer scheme implemented in the Norwegian coastal cod fishery in 2004. This is a small-scale fishery that has traditionally been important for employment in the northern part of Norway. Using vessel-level quota registry data, we estimate the effect of quota trading on vessel exit using a difference-in-differences approach that exploits variation in implementation timing between regulatory groups. In addition, we describe the outcome of quota consolidation with descriptive statistics. Our results confirm that the quota transfer scheme accelerates the exit of vessels from the fishery by at least 5% points in the short run. The descriptive analysis reveals great heterogeneity in both the size and geographic location of exiting vessels, suggesting that the scheme has distributional impacts. While the policy change has the expected effects in the short run, our results suggest that the implications of consolidation last longer. This has implications for policymakers trying to balance economic efficiency and social objectives of rational fishery management.
Measuring Paranoid Beliefs in Adolescents: A Comparison of the Revised-Green et al.’s Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and the Bird Checklist of Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP)
Authors: Schlier B. , Ellett L. , Thompson E. , Gaudiano B. , Krkovic K. , Kingston J. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch on paranoid beliefs in adolescents is in its infancy. Valid and reliable assessments are essential to advancing the field, yet there is no current consensus as to which are optimal to use in this population. This study compared the psychometric properties of two measures of paranoia in a general population adolescent sample. A cross-sectional study with quota sampling (gender and age) recruited adolescents (14–17 years) from the UK (n = 262) and USA (n = 200), who completed the Revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and the Bird Checklist for Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP). We assessed factor structures, intercorrelations, overlap of participants identified as at-risk for paranoid thoughts via both scales, convergent validity (scales with one another) and discriminant validity (distress, wellbeing, bullying and discrimination). Both scales performed equally well in terms of factorial validity. Intercorrelations between the subscales and with general distress were high for both measures. However, a substantial percentage of participants were identified as having paranoid beliefs according to the R-GPTS but not the B-CAP. Furthermore, the B-CAP showed a very high correlations (0.69 ≤ r ≤ 0.79) with self-reported bullying experiences, which bordered on multicollinearity. Findings highlight the possibility that B-CAP may risk confounding paranoid beliefs with exposure to bullying more so than R-GPTS, and that B-CAP may miss instances of elevated paranoia that are captured by the R-GPTS. Future research needs to further explore this by validating both scales with an external (e.g., interview-based) criterion for paranoia.