bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Thinqure20 (A Herbal Composition) in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Novel Coronavirus and Testing its In vitro- Potential against MS2 Bacteriophagae, Corona Virus, Influenza Virus and Mucor racemosus
Authors: Gharpure Milind , Rangnekar Hrishikesh , Dhawal Pranjali P , Varma Nikhil 
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective:
Thinqure20 is a polyherbal, reverse-pharmacology-based
formulation that contains Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, and rock salt as active
ingredients. It is designed to work as an effective antiviral agent and also as a preventive measure
against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical and non-clinical studies have established significant safety efficacy
and tolerability of Thinqure20 formulation in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
In vivo human study was conducted on COVID-19 patients for 5 days. A total of 30
Covid-19 patients (n = 30) were enrolled. In vitro, cell line studies were also carried out to evaluate
the potential effectiveness of Thinqure20 polyherbal formulation as an antiviral, antifungal, and Angiotensin-
Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition.

Results:
Human studies have demonstrated a mean percentage of reduction in viral load from baseline
to end of the study visit which was found to be 75.4%. The minimum and maximum reduction in
viral load was found to be 59.3% and 100%, respectively. Viral load testing was carried out by Reverse
Transcriptase-quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) test. In vitro studies of
Thinqure, 20 extracts showed potential antiviral activity against MS2 bacteriophage, influenza, and
human coronavirus, antifungal activity against Mucor racemosus, and significant ACE2 receptor
inhibition.

Conclusion:
Thinqure20, a polyherbal formulation, is a potentially effective antiviral agent against
non-enveloped viruses (MS2 bacteriophage), enveloped viruses (influenza and human coronavirus),
and antifungal agent against mucor strains. It is also proven to be effective in the treatment of
COVID-19 and can be attributed to an early recovery by the reduction in viral load.
Effectiveness of a Mobile Phone Messaging–Based Message Framing Intervention for Improving Maternal Health Service Uptake and Newborn Care Practice in Rural Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bulcha Gebeyehu , Abdissa Hordofa Gutema , Noll Josef , Sori Demisew Amenu , Koricha Zewdie Birhanu 
Published: April 2024

Background
Ethiopia has high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality. In 2019 and 2020, the maternal and newborn mortality rates were estimated at 412 per 1,000,000 births and 30 per 10,000 births, respectively. While mobile health interventions to improve maternal and neonatal health management have shown promising results, there are still insufficient scientific studies to assess the effectiveness of mobile phone messaging–based message framing for maternal and newborn health.

Objective
This research aims to examine the effectiveness of mobile phone messaging–based message framing for improving the use of maternal and newborn health services in the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods
A 3-arm cluster-randomized trial design was used to evaluate the effects of mobile phone–based intervention on maternal and newborn health service usage. The trial arms were (1) gain-framed messages (2) loss-framed messages, and (3) usual care. A total of 21 health posts were randomized, and 588 pregnant women who had a gestational age of 16-20 weeks, irrespective of their antenatal care status, were randomly assigned to the trial arms. The intervention consisted of a series of messages dispatched from the date of enrolment until 6-8 months. The control group received existing care without messages. The primary outcomes were maternal health service usage and newborn care practice, while knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, iron supplementation, and neonatal and maternal morbidity were secondary outcomes. The outcomes will be analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model and the findings will be reported according to the CONSORT-EHEALTH (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile HEalth Applications and onLine TeleHealth) statement for randomized controlled trials.

Results
Recruitment of participants was conducted and the baseline survey was administered in March 2023. The intervention was rolled out from May 2023 till December 2023. The end-line assessment was conducted in February 2024.

Conclusions
This trial was carried out to understand how mobile phone–based messaging can improve maternal and newborn health service usage. It provides evidence for policy guidelines around mobile health strategies to improve maternal and newborn health.

Trial Registration
Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR202201753436676; https://tinyurl.com/ykhnpc49

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/52395
Generation of Backward-Looking Complex Reflections for a Motivational Interviewing–Based Smoking Cessation Chatbot Using GPT-4: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Kumar Ash Tanuj , Wang Cindy , Dong Alec , Rose Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Motivational interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic technique that has been successful in helping smokers reduce smoking but has limited accessibility due to the high cost and low availability of clinicians. To address this, the MIBot project has sought to develop a chatbot that emulates an MI session with a client with the specific goal of moving an ambivalent smoker toward the direction of quitting. One key element of an MI conversation is reflective listening, where a therapist expresses their understanding of what the client has said by uttering a reflection that encourages the client to continue their thought process. Complex reflections link the client’s responses to relevant ideas and facts to enhance this contemplation. Backward-looking complex reflections (BLCRs) link the client’s most recent response to a relevant selection of the client’s previous statements. Our current chatbot can generate complex reflections—but not BLCRs—using large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-2, which allows the generation of unique, human-like messages customized to client responses. Recent advancements in these models, such as the introduction of GPT-4, provide a novel way to generate complex text by feeding the models instructions and conversational history directly, making this a promising approach to generate BLCRs.

Objective
This study aims to develop a method to generate BLCRs for an MI-based smoking cessation chatbot and to measure the method’s effectiveness.

Methods
LLMs such as GPT-4 can be stimulated to produce specific types of responses to their inputs by “asking” them with an English-based description of the desired output. These descriptions are called prompts, and the goal of writing a description that causes an LLM to generate the required output is termed prompt engineering. We evolved an instruction to prompt GPT-4 to generate a BLCR, given the portions of the transcript of the conversation up to the point where the reflection was needed. The approach was tested on 50 previously collected MIBot transcripts of conversations with smokers and was used to generate a total of 150 reflections. The quality of the reflections was rated on a 4-point scale by 3 independent raters to determine whether they met specific criteria for acceptability.

Results
Of the 150 generated reflections, 132 (88%) met the level of acceptability. The remaining 18 (12%) had one or more flaws that made them inappropriate as BLCRs. The 3 raters had pairwise agreement on 80% to 88% of these scores.

Conclusions
The method presented to generate BLCRs is good enough to be used as one source of reflections in an MI-style conversation but would need an automatic checker to eliminate the unacceptable ones. This work illustrates the power of the new LLMs to generate therapeutic client-specific responses under the command of a language-based specification.
Validación de la ecuación de Nernst y una ecuación que estima la masa de hidróxido de calcio para un determinado pH
Authors: Aranguri-LLerena Gonzalo , Huarcaya-Mendoza Nayhsa J. 
Published: April 2024

El hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH)2) es usado en múltiples aplicaciones industriales y como modificador de pH. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue validar experimentalmente la ecuación de Nernst, usando disoluciones de Ca(OH)2 y desarrollar una sugerencia didáctica para la educación química, que permita encontrar la masa necesaria Ca(OH)2 que se debe adicionar a un determinado volumen de agua para alcanzar un pH requerido. Análisis de infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), difracción de rayos X (DRX) e imagen electrónica de barrido (SEM) se realizaron para caracterizar el Ca(OH)2. Los resultados de las pruebas a 27,5 °C ± 0,1 °C, muestran que al graficar los valores de pH experimental (pHe), potencial (E) y de conductividad contra las concentraciones de aniones hidroxilos [OH-] (semilogarítmico), siguen un mismo patrón, afectados por la baja solubilidad de Ca(OH)2 de tal forma que la última zona de las tres gráficas, tienden a ser paralelas al eje de las concentraciones de los [OH-]. Se generó la ecuación: E = 369,55 -58,914 pHe; donde 58,914 representa el valor de su pendiente, que equivale al 99,58% de la pendiente teórica de la ecuación de Nernst y se encontró una ecuación, que estima la masa de Ca(OH)2 que se debe adicionar a un volumen de agua, para alcanzar un pH requerido.
Se dedujo una ecuación; para hallar el peso de Ca(OH)2, que se adiciona a un determinado volumen de agua, para alcanzar el pH requerido.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of the virtual platform Quimieduca as a didactic strategy for the teaching of Chemistry in high school
Authors: Quesada-Soto Luis Diego , Villalobos-González Wendy , Hernández-Chaverri Rodolfo Antonio , Rios-Badilla Eduard 
Published: April 2024

The evolution of teaching-learning processes and technologies has driven the use of computer tools to support education. Their use in science teaching promotes the development of scientific and technological skills. In the present research work, a virtual platform called Quimieduca was designed, implemented, and evaluated, with resources and didactic activities as an alternative teaching strategy for the secondary school teaching of Chemistry in Costa Rica. An initial diagnosis was carried out to determine the need and feasibility of implementing the platform. Four key topics from the Chemistry Program of the Ministry of Public Education were selected to develop the resources and didactic activities on the platform. It was designed and programmed using the Edmodo virtual platform. The platform was implemented with tenth-year students from Colegio Gravilias during the 2022 school year. Two classes (10-3 and 10-4) utilized the Quimieduca platform, while the other two classes (10-1 and 10-2) formed the control group without access to the tool. The effectiveness of Quimieduca was evaluated both from the perspective of teachers and through the indicators of students’ academic achievements. Teachers rated the platform positively in terms of its form, substance, and design aspects. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the group of students who used the platform obtained higher performance indices, suggesting that the use of the platform facilitated a more significant advancement in the learning of the assessed indicators.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of antiretrovirals and HIV/AIDS prevention indicators at the Treichville University Hospital (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Tia Gbongue Eric , Djadji Ayoman Thierry-Lenoir , Adehouni Yacouba Adebo , Alliman Moulad Ephraïm , Kouadio Ahou Axelle Edith , Kamagaté Amara , Kouassi Golberg Merveille , Ahua Amankou Donaldo Jean-Fabius , N’gbra Kouakou Emmanuel , Effo Assande Ange Auguste , KOUAKOU-SIRANSY Gisèle 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To understand the impact of Covid-19 on the prevention and consumption of antiretroviral drugs at Treichville University Hospital.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with a descriptive, multicenter aim, carried out in six screening and treatment departments for HIV patients at the Treichville University Hospital. Monthly order reports from January 2019 to December 2021 from six services were used to collect data on screening and antiretroviral treatment. After a univariate analysis, an Anova made it possible to carry out a comparison of several variables between the study periods.
Results: In total, a decrease of 40 to 55% (p>0.05) in the consumption of antiretrovirals was recorded compared to 2019. The antiretrovirals affected more specifically were tenofovir 300mg, lamivudine 150 mg, abacavir / adult lamivudine, lopiritonavir and the tenofovir / adult lamivudine combination (p<0.05). Therapeutic protocols and prevention data varied between 2019 and 2021 with a drop in the prescription of dolutegravir to the profile of efavirenz and a drop of 17.5% of individuals screened in 2020.
Conclusion: The Covid-19 health crisis has led to a drop in the frequency of HIV testing and a non-significant effect on the consumption of antiretrovirals essential for the management of the disease.
Keywords: Covid-19; Antiretrovirals; Prevention; HIV
A Rare Presentation - Case Report on Tubercular Cold Abscess
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sagnika , Chakraborty Supta , Baby Smrithimol , Jain Vartika , Khan Huda 
Published: April 2024

Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is quite common and a threat to many developing countries. However, extrapulmonary cases involving tubercular skin and soft tissue abscess formation are rare, accounting for 1 or 2% of cases of Mycobacterium TB infections with skin and soft tissue involvement. The typical extrapulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and indications are nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. We present a case of right arm tubercular cold abscess in a child related to mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was diagnosed by Ziehl- Neelson stain FNAC (Fine needle Aspiration cytology) and Mantoux test (18mm) induration. Due to its rare manifestation, it often gets misdiagnosed or overlooked. A proper diagnosis will ensure a proper treatment plan. Our case further depicts the collaborative effort of healthcare professionals. The patient came back complaining about the increased swelling in his right arm.
Keywords: Tubercular Cold Abscess, Ziehl- Neelson, Fine needle Aspiration cytology, Mantoux test, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Advancements In Pharmacotherapy for Hyperlipidemia: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Drug Innovations and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dey Hrithik , Agarwal Vatsala , Ali MD Naushad , Upadhyay Astha , Shafieq Sufia , Dixit Bhupender , Tomar Sahil , Tarannum Mahewish 
Published: April 2024

Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated blood lipid levels, significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of global mortality per the World Health Organization (WHO). Studies reveal a 20-30% increase in coronary heart disease risk for every 1 mmol/L rise in LDL-C levels. While statins are widely used, novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches are necessary for effective hyperlipidemia management and CVD risk reduction. Recent clinical trials demonstrate the efficacy of innovative drugs like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in lowering LDL-C levels and reducing adverse cardiovascular events. These findings highlight the potential of new therapies to enhance existing treatments for hyperlipidemia. Additionally, safety evaluations of emerging lipid-lowering agents address concerns about adverse effects and long-term risks. Despite progress, challenges persist in refining treatment strategies and ensuring equitable access to advanced therapies, especially for marginalized populations. Incorporating innovative pharmacotherapies into current approaches offers personalized and efficient hyperlipidemia management. Continued research and interdisciplinary collaborations are vital for advancing our understanding of lipid metabolism and translating scientific discoveries into improved patient outcomes and cardiovascular health. Ongoing innovation and investment in tailored hyperlipidemia therapies are crucial for better outcomes in individuals at risk of CVDs.
Keywords: hyperlipidemia, pcsk9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, evinacumab, inclisiran mipomersen, volanesorsen
Early Metabolic Endpoints Identify Persistent Treatment Efficacy in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Immunotherapy Trials
Authors: Jacobsen Laura M. , Cuthbertson David , Bundy Brian N. , Atkinson Mark A. , Moore Wayne , Haller Michael J. , Russell William E. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Herold Kevan C. , Redondo Maria J. , Sims Emily K. , Wherrett Diane K. , Moran Antoinette , Pugliese Alberto , Gottlieb Peter A. , Sosenko Jay M. , Ismail Heba M. ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
Mixed-meal tolerance test–stimulated area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide at 12–24 months represents the primary end point for nearly all intervention trials seeking to preserve β-cell function in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that participant benefit might be detected earlier and predict outcomes at 12 months posttherapy. Such findings would support shorter trials to establish initial efficacy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We examined data from six Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet immunotherapy randomized controlled trials in a post hoc analysis and included additional stimulated metabolic indices beyond C-peptide AUC. We partitioned the analysis into successful and unsuccessful trials and analyzed the data both in the aggregate as well as individually for each trial.

RESULTS
Among trials meeting their primary end point, we identified a treatment effect at 3 and 6 months when using C-peptide AUC (P = 0.030 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively) as a dynamic measure (i.e., change from baseline). Importantly, no such difference was seen in the unsuccessful trials. The use of C-peptide AUC as a 6-month dynamic measure not only detected treatment efficacy but also suggested long-term C-peptide preservation (R2 for 12-month C-peptide AUC adjusted for age and baseline value was 0.80, P &lt; 0.001), and this finding supported the concept of smaller trial sizes down to 54 participants.

CONCLUSIONS
Early dynamic measures can identify a treatment effect among successful immune therapies in type 1 diabetes trials with good long-term prediction and practical sample size over a 6-month period. While external validation of these findings is required, strong rationale and data exist in support of shortening early-phase clinical trials.
Using building information modelling to optimise design quality of natural lighting in Iraqi school buildings
Authors: Al-Rudainy Ahmed Saad Ali , Mahjoob Ahmed Mohammed Raoof 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One of the most important aspects directly affecting a building’s performance is the design quality of the natural day-lighting. The present research evaluates the effectiveness of daylight in school buildings in the city of Baghdad. It aims to ascertain how the characteristics of building windows affect the quality of day-lighting, the objective of this exercise being to improve educational processes in schools by making improvements in relation to the aspect of provision of satisfactory day-lighting levels. A building simulation approach was adopted, and using Autodesk Revit 2018 (Insight plug-in), a daylight analysis was conducted under the aegis of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology. For the case study, we selected the modern design of a 24-classrooms school building, which is part of a plan for the construction of 1,000 Iraqi schools. Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED v4) simulation was conducted on the school building design to provide the results, which were measured and analysed according to LEED v4 standards. The results demonstrated that opening dimensions and direction have an essential impact on natural day-lighting. The research concluded that using BIM simulation tools enhances the design quality of the natural lighting in such a way that compliance with LEED v4 requirements is achieved. The present study will assist in identification and assessment of the problems concerned with natural lighting levels in Iraqi school buildings as well as resolving these at an early design stage.
Conceptual Model of The Role of Territorial Management Controller and Good Governance
Authors: Kezazy Hamza el , Hilmi Yassine , Ezzahra Essahli Fatima , Hocine Ibn Ziyat Haj 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This literature review aims to explore the intersection of management control and good governance at the local level, specifically within territorial authorities. The central purpose is to understand how management control can act as a strategic tool to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability in local governance.

Method/design/approach: Methodologically, the review involves a comprehensive exploration of academic databases to identify relevant articles, theses, and books on the subject. The synthesis of findings encompasses historical perspectives, theoretical frameworks, and empirical studies, providing a holistic overview of the complex relationship between management control and local governance.

Results and conclusion: The review synthesizes findings that reveal the multifaceted nature of good governance, the historical evolution of governance concepts, and the intricate link between management control and organizational strategy. It highlights the various responsibilities of territorial management controllers, encompassing decision support, education, and mediation functions.

Research implications: The review suggests future research directions and underscores the practical importance of adapting private sector tools to the public sector while considering the specificities of territorial governance. Socially, effective management control practices are seen as potential enhancers of citizen satisfaction, transparency, and accountability in local governance.

Originality/value: The originality and value of the literature review lie in its comprehensive exploration of historical governance evolution, the conceptualization of good governance, and the integration of management control into the public sector. It provides a rich framework for studying their interaction in territorial communities, offering insights that can inform both research and practical applications in local governance.