bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system: an underestimated cause of hearing loss
Authors: Castelli M. L. , Husband A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSuperficial siderosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare disease resulting in the accumulation of haemosiderin in the meninges, the brain surface, the spinal cord and the cranial nerves. The pigment is deposited as a result of chronic bleeding in the subarachnoid space. This produces a clinical picture of deafness, ataxia, cranial nerve deficits and in the latest stages dementia. In some cases the source of bleeding can be identified, whilst in others it can not. Despite its rarity the disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sensorineural deafness, particularly as it is a progressive and in some cases curable disease which is easily diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this case report the haemosiderin was derived from an ependymoma of the fourth ventricle with extension into the cerebello-pontine angle. The first symptom was a worsening sensorineural hearing loss.
Infectious pseudomonas subglottic stenosis occurring in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Ghufoor K. , Almeyda J. , Mochloulis G. , Montgomery P. Q. , Tolley N. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is emerging as an increasingly common opportunistic infective agent in the immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient (Kielhofner et al., 1992). Improvements in the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has led to longer life expectancy (Graham et al., 1992), and this has changed the incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in this population (Baron and Hollander, 1993). We present a case of a patient with AIDS who developed a fulminant Pseudomonas aeruginosa stenosing subglottic infection. We are unaware of any previous reports of this particular manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Facial nerve palsy in mastoid surgery
Authors: Nilssen E. L. K. , Wormald P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe risk of facial nerve injury during mastoid surgery has decreased substantially since the advent of the microscope and the otological drill. However, the facial nerve remains at risk during mastoid surgery with the present day incidence suggested to be one per cent. Despite the severity of this complication there are no recent studies that accurately quantify the incidence or discuss its management. The aims of this study were to identify the risk of facial nerve injury for both the specialist as well as the trainee specialist and to review a management protocol for this complication. During the 10-year period from 1985 to 1994, 1024 consecutive mastoidectomies were reviewed. A total of 17 palsies was identified, seven were complete and 10 were incomplete. Of the seven complete palsies, four patients had decompression only and recovered to House Brackmann Grade 2 or better while three patients had decompression and grafting, of these, two were available for follow-up and recovered to House Brackmann Grade 4 only. All the partial palsies, barring one lost to follow-up, who were treated conservatively with pack removal, toilet and topical therapy recovered to House Brackmann Grade 2 or better. A management protocol followed for the above patients is presented and the results analysed. Specific operations and manoeuvres which may put the facial nerve at risk intra-operatively are also discussed.
The endoscopic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: the Nottingham experience
Authors: Hughes R. G. M. , Jones N. S. , Robertson I. J. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe conventional neurosurgical management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea has been by intracranial access. Otorhinolaryngologists have undertaken extracranial approaches where access has been possible, and more recently an endoscopic approach has been advocated. We report 17 patients with confirmed CSF rhinorrhoea treated with endoscopic techniques between 1993 and 1996. Follow-up ranged from four to 32 months and showed an overall closure rate of 16 out of 17 patients with no complications. No patient undergoing primary endoscopic repair developed anosmia. The use of fluorescein helped localize the site of the CSF leak in four patients in whom the computed tomography (CT) scan had not identified the site of the defect.We conclude that the endoscope is a valuable tool in the evaluation and subsequent treatment of CSF rhinorrhoea. Where the skull base defect is accessible to the endoscope, we propose that an endoscopic approach should be considered as the preferred method.
Mean nuclear area and chromosomal DNA content of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity using computerized image analysis
Authors: Sarker S. K. , Patel K. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMorphometric measurements of nuclei may be of prognostic value in some cancers. In this present study we have evaluated the mean nuclear area (MNA) of 50 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity (SCCOC) using computerized image analysis. Since chromosomal DNA content is a reflection of the DNA content in the nucleus, we have evaluated the relationship between MNA and chromosomal DNA. Thirteen tumours had a MNA greater than 49.9 μm2 and 37 had a MNA less than this. Six tumours were classified as hypodiploid, 29 as diploid and 15 as aneuploid. There were 44 node-negative patients and six node-positive. When comparing MNA in these groups, 50 per cent of node-positive patients had a larger MNA whilst only 20 per cent of the node-negative group had a large MNA. The correlation coefficient between MNA and DNA indices was r = 0.75. The greater nuclear size is possibly a reflection of a more aggressive tumour biology in the node-positive patients. We conclude that a large MNA may be a marker of aggressive tumour biology in this group. In the future, we aim to evaluate the prognostic significance of MNA in patients with SCCOC.
Extracranial meningioma presenting as a tumour of the external auditory meatus: a case report
Authors: Tsunoda Reiko , Fukaya Takashi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA rare case of extracranial meningioma presenting as a tumour of the external auditory meatus is reported. Biopsy indicated a diagnosis of meningioma, but the radiological appearance was unusual. For example, computed tomography (CT) scans showed an unenhanced tumour mainly located in the squamous part of the temporal bone which expanded into the external meatus destroying the temporal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the tumour did not extend into the intradural space.This meningioma, had an obvious tendency for extracranial development. According to the operative findings, the tumour arose from the middle cranial fossa dura and extended through the air cells of the temporal bone into the external meatus, instead of growing intracranially.Secondary extracranial meningiomas of the temporal bone usually have a large intracranial component and cause neurological symptoms. However, this was a very rare case of a small meningioma causing no symptoms except for conductive hearing loss.
Glass in the frontal sinus: report of three cases
Authors: Önerci Metin , Öǧretmenoǧlu Oğuz , Yilmaz Taner 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPatients with paranasal sinus foreign body are not commonly seen in otolaryngological practice; glass in the frontal sinus as a complication of maxillofacial trauma should be very rare, and papers dealing with this issue appear to be rare in the English literature. To elucidate the diagnostic pitfalls and the treatment aspects we present three cases of glass in the frontal sinus which occurred as a result of road traffic accidents.
Actinomycosis of the thyroid gland masquerading as a neoplasm
Authors: Yiotakis J. , Tzounakos P. , Manolopoulos L. , Tzagaroulakis A. , Adamopoulos G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractActinomycetal infections involving the head and neck often pose a diagnostic puzzle to the otolaryngologist. A rare case of unilateral thyroid swelling due to actinomycosis is described. Although the clinical, laboratory and imaging studies strongly suggested a thyroid neoplasm, the histological examination revealed the presence ofActinomycessp. in the excised lesion. The manifestations of actinomycosis of the head and neck, its pathogenesis and the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are hereby reviewed.
Co-existing pleomorphic and tubular basal cell adenomas of the parotid gland
Authors: Chow Louis T. C. , Chow W. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a hitherto undescribed case of co-existence of a pleomorphic adenoma and a tubular basal cell adenoma affecting the superficial lobe of the left parotid gland of a 53-year-old man. The histology of the pleomorphic adenoma is also of interest in that the prominent adipose metaplasia of its myxoid stroma yielded an appearance reminiscent of myxoid lipoma. The tubular basal cell adenoma showed gross cystic change, and its solid portion consisted of closely packed tubules lined by double layers of cuboidal cells with little intervening stroma. Unlike Warthin's tumour and membranous basal cell adenoma, both pleomorphic and tubular basal cell adenomas exhibit no propensity towards multicentricity or bilaterality. We, therefore, believe that their co-existence in the superficial lobe of the parotid gland of our patient is a mere concidence rather than association.
Audiological findings in glomus tumours
Authors: Qiu William W. , Yin Shengguang S. , Stucker Fred J. , Hardjasudarma Mardjohan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGlomus tumours involving the middle ear and the cerebellopontine angle are reported with emphasis on audiological findings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiographic and pathological results are presented. Audiological tests, including impedance audiometry, evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, are valuable in evaluation of the effect of glomus tumours on the auditory system as well as their pathological extent.
Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation
Authors: Papsin B. C. , Bailey C. M. , Albert D. M. , Bellman S. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCochlear implantation in the paediatric population is now an accepted method of rehabilitating profoundly or totally deaf children. The problems of cochlear implantation in children with other significant medical problems are examined. A retrospective review of the records of the first 45 children implanted at our centre was carried out. The review focused on surgical factors and outcome in addition to variations in technique which have occurred since the programme began. Congenital hearing loss was the most common indication for implantation. Fifteen children (33 per cent) had other medical problems. Three cases of flap breakdown (two occurring after direct trauma to the package bed) and one case of a misplaced electrode requiring re-implantation accounted for the only major complications to date. Minor complications included hypertrophic scar formation and post-operativewound infection. All children were using their implants at the time of this review, but two have subsequently been explanted. Cochlear implantation of children with multiple medical problems requires acceptance of a slightly higher risk of complications.
A practical approach to ultrasound of cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Ahuja A. , Ying M. , King W. , Metreweli C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough the role of high resolution ultrasound (US) in evaluating cervical nodes is well established, it is often combined with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). As a result, US appearances that help in distinguishing the various causes of cervical adenopathy are often overlooked and not emphasized. The aim of this study is to re-emphasize to the sonologist the US clues that may help in differentiating the aetiology of abnormal cervical nodes.We, therefore, present the spectrum of US appearances of lymph nodes. One hundred and forty patients (702 abnormal nodes) with known pathology were compared with 100 normal subjects (1211 nodes).After identifying an abnormal node, US features that further help in distinguishing between the various pathologies are the distribution of lymphadenopathy, echogenicity, calcification, distal enhancement, intranodal cystic necrosis, matting and soft tissue oedema.
Myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion: a ten-year follow-up
Authors: Riley D. N. , Herberger S. , McBride G. , Law K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEighty children who had myringotomy performed for otitis media with effusion in 1984 were reviewed in 1994. This had involved surgery on 158 ears. Three aspects of ear condition were studied: hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation, and tympanosclerosis. Hearing losses were present in 13 ears (8.2 per cent), involving 10 children (12.5 per cent), although losses were under 20 dB in seven of these ears (five patients).Of the six ears with losses more than 20 dB (3.8 per cent), in five patients bilateral losses of 30 dB were due to a recurrence of effusions, a large dry posterior perforation was the cause of a 30 dB loss, an infected anterior perforation had caused a 30 dB loss, an ear which had a cholesteatoma, and had a mastoidectomy and ossiculoplasty in 1987, had a 30–40 dB loss, and one ear which had a Type I tympanoplasty in 1994 had a 50 dB loss. Therefore in only three ears (1.9 per cent) could hearing loss be associated directly with myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion.Perforations had persisted unilaterally in seven patients, three having had tympanoplasties. Of the remaining perforated tympanic membranes, two were free of symptoms, one had only a slight hearing loss, and one had a more significant loss with recurrent infection.Tympanosclerosis was only found in those ears which had ventilation tubes inserted (and not those which had myringotomy only), occurring in 48 ears (31 per cent, or 39 per cent of those which had a ventilation tube inserted).There was no link between tympanosclerosis and hearing loss. The site of tympanosclerosis was not restricted to the site of myringotomy, and in many cases was present only in other areas of the tympanic membrane. There was a tendency for more extensive tympanosclerosis to occur in those ears which had more ventilation tube insertions. The risk of perforation in particular lends support to a policy of ‘watchful waiting’.
Cricothyroidotomy and the anatomy of the cricothyroid space. An autopsy study
Authors: Goumas P. , Kokkinis K. , Petrocheilos J. , Naxakis S. , Mochloulis G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAirway management is one of the main dictums in anaesthesia, emergency medicine and critical care. Endotracheal intubation, tracheostomy and cricothyroidotomy are all approved methods to secure a patient's airway. Cricothyroidotomy is performed in the space between the anterior inferior border of the thyroid cartilage and the anterior superior border of the cricoid cartilage. We studied 107 autopsies with special interest in the anatomy of the cricothyroid space.
Malignant melanoma arising in the frontal sinuses
Authors: Jayaraj Samuel M. , Hern Jonathan D. , Mochloulis George , Porter Graham C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSinonasal malignant melanoma is rare and usually occurs in the nasal cavity. Presentation is often varied and occurs late in the natural history of the disease, resulting in a poor prognosis. A case is reported of a patient with malignant melanoma arising from the frontal sinus who presented with a forehead swelling and progressive confusion. A review of the literature on malignant melanoma in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses regarding its presentation, site of origin and principles of management is discussed.
Different glycoconjugates in the submucosal glands of the supraglottis and subglottis. Lectin histochemistry study in the hamster
Authors: Melgarejo-Moreno Pablo , Hellin-Meseguer Diego 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA lectin histochemistry study was performed in the supraglottic and subglottic regions of 10 hamsters. The submucosal glands were observed by light microscopy. The supraglottic submucosal glands presented numerous mucous tubules but on the other hand, the subglottic submucosal glands had serous tubules which finished at the distal portion in serous acini. The results suggest that the distribution of fucosylatedmucin and serum-type glycloproteins between the supra- and subglottic submucosal glands suggest a different viscosity and function of the mucus.
Acquired subglottic cysts in the low birth weight, pre-term infant
Authors: Tierney P. A. , Francis I. , Morrison G. A. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough subglottic cysts have previously been reported as a cause of airway obstruction in the neonate, they have previously been considered to be a relatively rare cause. Cystic narrowing of the subglottis has been associated with endotracheal intuhation. With improving survival of pre-term infants the incidence of the condition could be expected to rise. Prior to 1996, only 58 cases had been reported in the literature. We believe that the true incidence of the condition has been considerably under-reported. Over a six-month period our unit diagnosed five cases of compressible cysts in the subglottis in low birth weight, pre-term infants. All patients underwent diagnostic microlaryngobronchoscopy and vaporization of the cysts by CO2laser. Three children required more than one procedure. In all cases a satisfactory airway was achieved. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the condition is discussed.
Ectopic pituitary adenoma in the sphenoid causing Nelson's syndrome
Authors: Esteban Francisco , Ruiz-Avila Isabel , Vilchez Ricardo , Gamero Carolina , Gomez Mercedes , Mochon Antonio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn ectopic functioning pituitary in the sphenoid is an extremely rare occurrence, and even rarer is pituitary adenoma causing symptoms of Nelson's syndrome. A case is presented of a young female diagnosed and treated in our clinic. The only functioning hypophyseal tissue was detected inside the sphenoid, as the pituitary gland had been radiated because of Cushing's syndrome 10 years before and imaging studies revealed an empty sella.
Laryngeal inflammation mimicking laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Manohar M. Babu , Saleem M. , McArthur P. , Tulbah A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of severe inflammation with an exuberant granulation lesion of the larynx that mimicked laryngeal tumour is presented. A patient who was a chronic smoker, with a history of hoarse voice underwent multiple endoscopies and biopsies, confirmed histopathologically as acute and, subsequently, as chronic inflammation. The tumour-like tissue in the larynx responded dramatically to prolonged antibiotic treatment. We emphasize the importance of histological confirmation before embarking on removal of an essential organ or part of the body which could lead to physical or emotional scarring.
Cephazolin and metronidazole prophylaxis in head and neck surgery
Authors: Strauss Melvin , Saccogna Phillip W. , Allphin Allan L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA seven-day course of cephazolin and metronidazole chemoprophylaxis for clean-contaminated head and neck oncological procedures is compared to results with previously published antibiotic regimens. Aetiological factors associated with increased rates of wound complications are analyzed. Retrospective analysis of procedures over asix-year period was performed. The overall wound complication rate was 28.1 per cent, comparing favourably with previously published results. A major fistula was the most common complication with a rate of 9.2 per cent. Factors statistically associated with increased rates of wound complications included: radical neck dissection, extended surgical procedures requiring flap reconstruction, previous tracheotomy, and race. This is the largest single institutional study to show thata seven-day course of cephazolin and metronidazole is an effective chemoprophylactic regimen in head and neck surgery.
Combined approach intranasal endoscopic and external Lothrop procedure in chronic frontal sinus disease
Authors: Sharp H. R. , Spraggs P.D.R. , Mackay I. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe endoscopic approach to the fronto-ethmoidal recess (FER) in the treatment of chronic frontal sinus disease is now widely accepted. The Lothrop procedure was first described in 1914, but was largely replaced with more invasive open frontal sinus proceduresuntil the advent of the rigid Hopkins' rod, since when it has enjoyed enewed popularity.We describe a modification of this technique which allows both transnasal endoscopic and external direct visualization of the FER and frontal sinus and a direct approach to the anterior buttress (or “nasofrontal beak”) which allows its quick and simple removal.
Unilateral abducens nerve palsy: a presenting sign of sphenoid sinus mucocoeles
Authors: Muneer A. , Jones N. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSphenoid sinus mucocoeles can stimulate a variety of pathological conditions and patients can present to a range of specialists. Because of the relative rarity of sphenoid sinus mucocoeles, diagnosis is often delayed and these lesions can progressively expand and cause direct mechanical compression on adjacent structures. We present three cases which presented with an abducens nerve palsy. Early surgical intervention is advocated and these patient's symptoms resolved following surgery. Although several conditions can present with an abducens nerve palsy, it is important to consider a sphenoid sinus mucocoele in the differential diagnosis.
Tracheoesophageal speech following transmucosal pharyngeal myotomy with the potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser
Authors: Halvorson David J. , Kuhn Frederick A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSuccessful communication following laryngectomy usually involves an electrolarynx or oesophageal speech. Only within the past decade has tracheoesophageal puncture been advocated for alaryngeal speech and evolved into the procedure of choice. Successful production of speech after total laryngectomy using tracheoesophageal speech may be impaired secondary to anatomical and functional difficulties. The primary limitation of tracheoesophageal speech is pharyngoesophageal spasm occurring in the upper oesophageal sphincter impeding airflow through this segment. Our report presents four patients who underwent a pharyngeal myotomy with the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser. Post-operatively, each patient was able to communicate with functional alaryngeal speech. A transmucosal pharyngeal myotomy may represent an alternative for patients with speech failure after tracheoesophageal puncture.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical trends
Authors: Indudharan R , Valuyeetham K. A. , Kannan T. , Sidek D. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose at an early stage. The clinical presentation of 122 patients with confirmed NPC is described and the findings analysed. The common modes of presentation and cases where detailed nasopharyngeal examination need to be performed are highlighted. We emphasize the importance of health education and training for primary care physicians for early detection of these cases.