bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and use of a partial Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis protein array
Authors: Bannantine John P. , Waters W. Ray , Stabel Judith R. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Li Lingling , Kapur Vivek , Paustian Michael L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAs an initial step toward systematically characterizing all antigenic proteins produced by a significant veterinary pathogen, 43 recombinant Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) expression clones were constructed, cataloged, and stored. NC filters were spotted with purified proteins from each clone along with a whole cell lysate of M. paratuberculosis. Spots on the resulting dot array consisted of hypothetical proteins (13), metabolic proteins (3), cell envelope proteins (7), known antigens (4), and unique proteins with no similarity in public sequence databases (16). Dot blot arrays were used to profile antibody responses in a rabbit and mouse exposed to M. paratuberculosis as well as in cattle showing clinical signs of Johne's disease. The M. paratuberculosis heat shock protein DnaK, encoded by ORF MAP3840 and a membrane protein (MAP2121c), were identified as the most strongly immunoreactive in both the mouse and rabbit hosts, respectively. MAP3155c, which encodes a hypothetical protein, was most strongly immunoreactive in sera from Johne's disease cattle. This study has enabled direct comparisons of antibody reactivity for an entire panel of over 40 proteins and has laid the foundation for future high throughput production and arraying of M. paratuberculosis surface proteins for immune profiling experiments in cattle.
Thermal stress relaxation in magnesium matrix composites studied by mechanical spectroscopy
Authors: Chowdhury A. S. M. F. , Mari D. , Schaller R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThermal stress relaxation at the interfaces in magnesium matrix composites has been studied by mechanical spectroscopy. Two specimens were processed by a gas pressure infiltration method. In one sample, the metallic matrix was unidirectionally oriented with respect to the matrix‐reinforcement interface by a Bridgman technique, while the other was kept as infiltrated. The results show a strong dependence of the damping on the orientation of the matrix. The results are compared with a model of thermal stress relaxation by dislocation motion controlled by a solid friction mechanism. A fitting parameter proportional to the mobile dislocation density is obtained showing the entire evolution of the mobile dislocation density with respect to the temperature. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reproducibility of serum protein profiling by systematic assessment using solid‐phase extraction and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Callesen Anne K. , Christensen René dePont , Madsen Jonna S. , Vach Werner , Zapico Edgar , Cold Søren , Jørgensen Per E. , Mogensen Ole , Kruse Torben A. , Jensen Ole N. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractProtein profiling of human serum by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) is potentially a new diagnostic tool for early detection of human diseases, including cancer. Sample preparation is a key issue in MALDI MS and the analysis of complex samples such as serum requires optimized, reproducible methods for handling and deposition of protein samples. Data acquisition in MALDI MS is also a critical issue, since heterogeneity of sample deposits leads to attenuation of ion signals in MALDI MS. In order to improve the robustness and reproducibility of MALDI MS for serum protein profiling we investigated a range of sample preparation techniques and developed a statistical method based on repeated analyses for evaluation of protein‐profiling performance of MALDI MS. Two different solid‐phase extraction (SPE) methods were investigated, namely custom‐made microcolumns and commercially available magnetic beads. Using these two methods, nineteen different sample preparation methods for serum profiling by MALDI MS were systematically tested with regard to matrix selection, stationary phase, selectivity, and reproducibility. Microcolumns were tested with regard to chromatographic properties; reversed phase (C8, C18, SDB‐XC), ion‐exchange (anion, weak cation, mixed‐phase (SDB‐RPS)) and magnetic beads were tested with regard to chromatographic properties; reversed phase (C8) or affinity chromatography (Cu‐IMAC). The reproducibility of each sample preparation method was determined by enumeration and analysis of protein signals that were detected in at least six out of nine spectra obtained by three triplicate analyses of one serum sample.A candidate for best overall performance as evaluated by the number of peaks generated and the reproducibility of mass spectra was found among the tested methods. Up to 418 reproducible peaks were detected in one cancer serum sample. These protein peaks can be part of a possible diagnostic profile, suggesting that this sample preparation method and data acquisition approach is suitable for large‐scale analysis of serum samples for protein profiling. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐phase fragmentation of half‐ and first‐generation polyamidoamine dendrimers by electrospray mass spectrometry using a quadrupole ion trap
Authors: Vincent Thomas J.‐C. , Dolé Romain , Lange Catherine M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are nanopolymers that can bind with biomolecules such as DNA, drugs or proteins. In order to study these complexes, we first fragmented half‐ and first‐generation PAMAM, G0.5 and G1, respectively, using a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) equipped with an electrospray ionisation source. For both G0.5 and G1 we observed a series of impurities that only can stem from synthesis defects and that are principally due to missing branches and intramolecular cyclisations. Fragmentations of G1 showed regularity in the product ions. These ions result from the loss of 60 Da, obtained by an intramolecular cyclisation, and from the loss of 114 Da, obtained by a four‐centred hydrogen transfer or a retro‐Michael reaction. The fragmentations stemmed either from competitive or from consecutive reactions, even though resonant fragmentation QIT was used. It is shown that the principal fragmentation reaction is a retro‐Michael rearrangement for both G1 and G0.5. In addition, by fragmenting totally deuterated [G1‐d28]Na+ we were able to establish fragmentation pathways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ionization efficiency scale of organic compounds
Authors: Leito Ivo , Herodes Koit , Huopolainen Merit , Virro Kristina , Künnapas Allan , Kruve Anneli , Tanner Risto 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn approach that allows setting up under predefined ionization conditions a rugged self‐consistent quantitative experimental scale of electrospray ionization (ESI) efficiencies of organic compounds is presented. By ESI ionization efficiency (IE) we mean the efficiency of generating gas‐phase ions from analyte molecules or ions in the ESI source. The approach is based on measurement of relative ionization efficiency (RIE) of two compounds (B1 and B2) by infusing a solution containing both compounds at known concentrations (C1 and C2) and measuring the mass‐spectrometric responses of the protonated forms of the compounds (R1 and R2). The RIE of B1 and B2 is expressed as logRIE(B1, B2) = log[(R1 · C2)/(C1 · R2)]. The relative way of measurement leads to cancellation of many of the factors affecting IE (ESI source design, voltages in the source and ion transport system, solvent composition, flow rates and temperatures of the nebulizing and drying gases). Using this approach an ESI IE scale containing ten compounds (esters and aromatic amines) and spanning over 4 logRIE units has been compiled. The consistency of the scale (the consistency standard deviation of the scale is s = 0.16 logRIE units) was assured by making measurements using different concentration ratios (at least 6‐fold concentration ratio range) of the compounds and by making circular validation measurements (the logRIE of any two compounds was checked by measuring both against a third compound). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic comparison of δ34S measurements by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and evaluation of full uncertainty budget using two different metrological approaches
Authors: Santamaria‐Fernandez Rebeca , Hearn Ruth 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA systematic comparison of δ34S measurements by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MCICPMS) using two different standardisation approaches and two different reference materials as working standards is reported for the first time. Full uncertainty budgets have been calculated using the Kragten approach. Internal standardisation by measuring Si ratios and external standardisation by bracketing samples with either NIST RM8553 or NIST RM8554 have been compared to correct for the effects of mass bias. The δ34S value and the associated uncertainty (‰) were found to be slightly different when using different approaches. Corrected 34S:32S ratios for NIST RM8553 and NIST RM8554 differed from those previously reported by 0.1 to 0.5% when using external standardisation. 34S:32S ratios for NIST RM8553 and NIST RM8554 differed from those previously reported by 0.06 to 0.15% when using Si internal standardisation. This indicated that in order to minimise deviation from true ratio values, Si internal standardisation would be a more appropriate option when using a Neptune MCICPMS instrument. δ34S values were obtained for four different methionine samples and expanded uncertainties (k = 2) expressed in δ34S (‰) ranged from 0.7‰ to 1.6‰. Regardless of the approach used for the mass bias correction, three parameters provided the major contributions to the standard uncertainty of the δ34SV‐CDT value. These were the measured 34S:32S in the sample, the measured 34S:32S for the working standard and the known δ34SV‐CDT value of the working standard. Results using both approaches are compared and the Si internal standardisation approach is used to provide results for an inter‐laboratory comparison. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of interface effects on the reflection of circularly polarised light from the thin‐film structure of scarabus beetles
Authors: Brink D. J. , van der Berg N. G. , Prinsloo L. C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMany scarabus beetles, such as Gymnopleurus virens exhibit exceptionally bright iridescent colours caused by a Bragg resonance in the thin‐layered structure of the exocuticle. These layers are rotated by a small angle with respect to each other resulting in a helcoidal stack, which reflects circularly polarised light with the same sense of rotation as that of the stack. Previous work assumed a smooth chiral structure, but in this work we explicitly include the effect of discrete layers and twist angles and investigate the effect of different layer densities on the reflectance spectrum. By comparing modelled results to experimentally recorded spectra it is possible to estimate the actual layer density found in this scarabus beetle. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solute segregation to ferrite grain boundaries in nodular cast iron: experiment and prediction
Authors: Lejček Pavel , Konečná Radomila , Janovec Jozef 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGrain boundary segregation belongs to the phenomena affecting predominantly mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials. Although extended studies of interfacial phosphorus segregation have been done in low‐alloy steels, no information is available on segregation of this impurity to ferrite grain boundaries in cast irons. In this contribution we describe chemical composition of grain boundaries of the ferrite phase in nodular cast iron. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements are compared with the prediction of chemical composition based on the recently proposed thermodynamic models (the relationship between the enthalpy of solute segregation and the solid solubility, and the compensation effect). Both these general relationships are applied to predict the segregation of any solute at any grain boundary: this prediction offers a substantial extension of the database on grain boundary segregation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative lateral resolution of a Quantum 2000 X‐ray microprobe
Authors: Scheithauer U. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe minimal primary X‐ray beam size of a Quantum 2000 scanning X‐ray microprobe is in the order of 10 µm. This value is obtained by measuring the distance required for a 20–80% signal increase when scanning over a material edge. But for a more precise determination of the quantitative lateral resolution of the instrument the long tail contributions of the primary X‐ray beam have to be taken into account.To measure these long tail contributions, Pt apertures of different diameters usually used in electron microscopes are utilized. When the primary X‐ray beam is positioned in the center of the aperture, the Pt count rate gives an estimation of the long tail X‐ray contributions from outside the aperture radius. This count rate can then be normalized by a second measurement on homogeneous Pt metal.In this way, the quantitative lateral resolution function for a Quantum 2000 X‐ray microprobe was determined. In particular, it was found that independent from the primary X‐ray beam size, an aperture size of approximately 450 µm is necessary to reduce the Pt signal to 1% of the reference signal. A knowledge of the quantitative lateral resolution function is essential to estimate the accuracy of trace element detection on small sample features because of the trade‐off between lateral spatial resolution and elemental detection limit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The emergence and use of diagramming in system dynamics: a critical account
Authors: Lane David C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe paper reviews the leading diagramming methods employed in system dynamics to communicate the contents of models. The main ideas and historical development of the field are first outlined. Two diagramming methods—causal loop diagrams (CLDs) and stock/flow diagrams (SFDs)—are then described and their advantages and limitations discussed. A set of broad research directions is then outlined. These concern: the abilities of different diagrams to communicate different ideas, the role that diagrams have in group model building, and the question of whether diagrams can be an adequate substitute for simulation modelling. The paper closes by suggesting that although diagrams alone are insufficient, they have many benefits. However, since these benefits have emerged only as ‘craft wisdom’, a more rigorous programme of research into the diagrams' respective attributes is called for. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tragfähigkeit von Lochleibungsverbindungen vorgespannter Glasscheiben zur Ausbildung von Anschlüssen im Konstruktiven Glasbau
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Pilsl Mascha , Colomer Segura Carles 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIm Stahlbau sind wegen der vergleichsweise “unbegrenzten” Duktilität Lochleibungsverbindungen Standardanschlüsse, deren Bemessungsvorschriften einfachen Ingenieurmodellen entstammen. Will man analog Lochleibungsverbindungen im Glasbau einsetzen, trifft man indes nicht auf diese Voraussetzungen, vielmehr sind Spannungsspitzen abpuffernde Zwischenschichten vorzusehen, um Lochleibungsdrücke übertragen zu können. So war das spröde Verhalten von Glas bis jetzt Hauptgrund dafür, dass technische Regeln für die Übertragung von punktförmig eingeleiteten scheibenparallelen Lasten, die den Einbezug von Glasscheiben auch in die Fassadenaussteifung ermöglichen würden, weitgehend fehlen. Am Lehrstuhl für Stahlbau und Leichtmetallbau der RWTH Aachen wurden deswegen umfangreiche experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen an Lochleibungsverbindungen durchgeführt. Darauf aufbauend wurden analytische und numerische Modelle entwickelt mit dem Ziel, ein einfaches Ingenieurmodell herzuleiten, dessen Anwendung in der Praxis dann komplexe Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen weitgehend überflüssig machen würde.
Cosulfation of fatty acid alkanolamides and lower molecular weight alcohols
Authors: Bistline R. G. , Noble W. R. , Smith F. D. , Linfield W. M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract and SummaryThe process for the sulfation of tallow isopropanolamide or of a 50:50 mixture of tallow diglycolamide and isopropanolamide with chlorosulfonic acid was studied. The major obstacle to complete and uniform sulfation was the high viscosity of the sulfation mix. This could be overcome most advantageously by cosulfation with lower molecular weight alcohols, preferably isopropanol. The most fluid reaction mix and product were prepared from the mixed amides. No chlorinated solvent is required for such cosulfations.
Developmental, Hormonal, and Nutritional Regulation of Porcine Adipose Triglyceride Lipase (ATGL)
Authors: Deiuliis Jeffrey A. , Shin Jonghyun , Bae Dongryeoul , Azain Michael J. , Barb Richard , Lee Kichoon 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAdipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a newly identified lipase. We report for the first time the porcine ATGL sequence and characterize ATGL gene and protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Adult pig tissue expresses ATGL at high levels in the white adipose and muscle tissue relative to other tested tissues. We show that within the white adipose tissue ATGL is expressed at higher levels in the adipocyte than in the stromal‐vascular fraction. Additionally, ATGL expression increases dramatically in the subcutaneous adipose during adipose development and maturation, as well as during in vitro adipogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma transcript levels increased concomitant with ATGL gene expression, suggesting a possible role in the regulation of ATGL by adipogenic regulators. In vitro treatment of differentiated primary pig preadipocytes with insulin and forskolin decreased ATGL gene expression in a dose‐dependent manner, suggesting ATGL transcript levels are hormone sensitive. In vivo experimentation showed that calorie‐restriction in gilts resulted in increased ATGL mRNA and protein levels in subcutaneous and peri‐renal fat tissues. Our data demonstrate that ATGL expression reacts to hormonal stimuli and plays a role in catecholamine‐induced lipolysis in porcine adipose tissue.
INTEGRABILITY OF THE DERIVATIVE OF A BLASCHKE PRODUCT
Authors: Girela Daniel , Peláez José Ángel , Vukotić Dragan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe study the membership of derivatives of Blaschke products in Hardy and Bergman spaces, especially for the the interpolating Blaschke products and for those whose zeros lie in a Stolz domain. We obtain new and very simple proofs of some known results and prove new theorems that complement or extend the earlier works of Ahern, Clark, Cohn, Kim, Newman, Protas, Rudin, Vinogradov and others.
LARGEST 2-GENERATED SUBSEMIGROUPS OF THE SYMMETRIC INVERSE SEMIGROUP
Authors: André J. M. , Fernandes V. H. , Mitchell J. D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe symmetric inverse monoid $\mathcal{I}_{n}$ is the set of all partial permutations of an $n$-element set. The largest possible size of a $2$-generated subsemigroup of $\mathcal{I}_{n}$ is determined. Examples of semigroups with these sizes are given. Consequently, if $M(n)$ denotes this maximum, it is shown that $M(n)/|\mathcal{I}_{n}|\rightarrow1$ as $n\rightarrow\infty$. Furthermore, we deduce the known fact that $\mathcal{I}_{n}$ embeds as a local submonoid of an inverse $2$-generated subsemigroup of $\mathcal{I}_{n+1}$.
GENERATORS OF REGULAR SEMIGROUPS
Authors: KANTOROVITZ SHMUEL 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA regular semigroup (cf. [4, p. 38]) is a C0-semigroup T(⋅) that has an extension as a holomorphic semigroup W(⋅) in the right halfplane $\Bbb C^+$, such that ||W(⋅)|| is bounded in the ‘unit rectangle’ Q:=(0, 1]× [−1, 1]. The important basic facts about a regular semigroup T(⋅) are: (i) it possesses a boundary groupU(⋅), defined as the limit lims → 0+W(s+i⋅) in the strong operator topology; (ii) U(⋅) is a C0-group, whose generator is iA, where A denotes the generator of T(⋅); and (iii) W(s+it)=T(s)U(t) for all s+it ∈$\Bbb C^+$ (cf. Theorems 17.9.1 and 17.9.2 in [3]). The following converse theorem is proved here. Let A be the generator of a C0-semigroup T(⋅). If iA generates a C0-group, U(⋅), then T(⋅) is a regular semigroup, and its holomorphic extension is given by (iii). This result is related to (but not included in) known results of Engel (cf. Theorem II.4.6 in [2]), Liu [7] and the author [6] for holomorphic extensions into arbitrary sectors, of C0-semigroups that are bounded in every proper subsector. The method of proof is also different from the method used in these references. Criteria for generators of regular semigroups follow as easy corollaries.
‘Kiss My Foot,’ Said the King: Firearms, Diplomacy, and the Battle for Raichur, 1520
Authors: EATON RICHARD M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe little-known Battle for Raichur (1520), waged between Krishna Raya of Vijayanagara and Sultan Isma'il ‘Adil Shah of Bijapur, saw a number of firsts in South Asian history: the earliest significant appearance of cannon—whether used offensively as field artillery, or used defensively on the battlements of forts—the earliest known appearance of matchlock firearms, and the first significant use of European mercenaries. It followed the merging of new gunpowder technologies after engagements between Portuguese and Ottoman navies off the Konkan coast. Notably, the side that lost the battle, Bijapur, had the superior firepower. The essay also explores the extraordinary round of diplomacy that followed the battle and the humiliating demands Krishna Raya imposed on the defeated sultan. These demands, and the military and diplomatic manoeuvres that accompanied them, likely sowed the seeds for Vijayanagara's spectacular defeat and destruction forty-five years later, at the Battle of Talikota.
The Frontiers of Memory: What the Marathas Remembered of Vijayanagara
Authors: GUHA SUMIT 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe past two decades have seen a dramatic renewal of interest in the subject of historical memory, its reproduction and transmission. But most studies have focused on the selection and construction of extant memories. This essay looks at missing memory as well. It seeks to broaden our understanding of memory by investigating the way in which historical memory significant to one historical tradition was slighted by another, even though the two overlapped both spatially and chronologically. It does this by an examination of how the memory of the Marathi-speaking peoples first neglected and then adopted the story of the Vijayanagara empire that once dominated southern India.
THE CREATION OF PATRIARCHY IN JAPAN: WAKITA HARUKO'S “WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL JAPAN” FROM A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ko Dorothy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWakita Haruko. Women in Medieval Japan: Motherhood, Household Management and Sexuality. Translated by Alison Tokita. Clayton, Australia: Monash Asia Institute and Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 2006.