bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation and nuclear translocation of ERK in response to ligand-dependent and -independent stimuli in liver and gill cells from rainbow trout
Authors: Ebner Hannes L. , Blatzer Michael , Nawaz Muhammad , Krumschnabel Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARY
The mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK is an important signalling molecule involved in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death, targeting molecules at the cell membrane, in the cytosol, and in the nucleus. This study investigated the activation pattern and subcellular distribution of ERK in liver and gill cells of rainbow trout upon hypo-osmotic shock, addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and copper treatment. It further set out to characterize the hypothetical role of nuclear-export signal(NES)-dependent relocation of ERK after nuclear entry and the potential involvement of the ERK activator MEK. Although, in primary hepatocytes, ERK was activated in all conditions in a stimulus-specific manner, it did not accumulate in the nucleus, irrespective of the absence or presence of the inhibitor of NES-dependent export leptomycin B (LB). Similarly, in trout hepatoma cells, where pERK levels increased upon osmotic and mitotic stimulation, but not after toxic insult, no significant nuclear translocation was observed. In a gill cell line, levels of pERK increased after osmotic and mitotic stimulation and showed a decrease during incubation with a toxicant. Again, none of these conditions triggered nuclear accumulation of pERK in the gill cells in the absence of LB, but in contrast to the observation in liver cells, both osmotic and mitotic stimulation caused nuclear accumulation in the presence of the inhibitor. The ERK activator MEK, which possesses a NES-sequence, was apparently not involved in nuclear export, as it did not seem to enter the nucleus. Altogether, ERK is activated in trout cells in a stimulus- and cell type-specific manner, and our data suggest that it acutely acts primarily on cytoplasmic or membrane-situated targets in liver cells,whereas it presumably triggers rapid transcriptional activities in gill cells.)
The extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect: biomechanical properties of an insect walking leg muscle
Authors: Guschlbauer Christoph , Scharstein Hans , Büschges Ansgar 
Published: March 2007

SUMMARYWe investigated the properties of the extensor tibiae muscle of the stick insect (Carausius morosus) middle leg. Muscle geometry of the middle leg was compared to that of the front and hind legs and to the flexor tibiae,respectively. The mean length of the extensor tibiae fibres is 1.41±0.23 mm and flexor fibres are 2.11±0.30 mm long. The change of fibre length with joint angle was measured and closely follows a cosine function. Its amplitude gives effective moment arm lengths of 0.28±0.02 mm for the extensor and 0.56±0.04 mm for the flexor. Resting extensor tibiae muscle passive tonic force increased from 2 to 5 mN in the maximum femur–tibia (FT)-joint working range when stretched by ramps.Active muscle properties were measured with simultaneous activation (up to 200 pulses s–1) of all three motoneurons innervating the extensor tibiae, because this reflects most closely physiological muscle activation during leg swing. The force–length relationship corresponds closely to the typical characteristic according to the sliding filament hypothesis: it has a plateau at medium fibre lengths, declines nearly linearly in force at both longer and shorter fibre lengths, and the muscle's working range lies in the short to medium fibre length range. Maximum contraction velocity showed a similar relationship. The force–velocity relationship was the traditional Hill curve hyperbola, but deviated from the hyperbolic shape in the region of maximum contraction force close to the isometric contraction.Step-like changes in muscle length induced by loaded release experiments characterised the non-linear series elasticity as a quadratic spring.
A Comparative Study of Root Coverage Using Acellular Dermal Matrix With and Without Enamel Matrix Derivative
Authors: Shin Sang Ho , Cueva Marco A. , Kerns David G. , Hallmon William W. , Rivera‐Hidalgo Francisco , Nunn Martha E. 
Published: March 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to compare root coverage using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with and without enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the percentage of root coverage, probing attachment level, and the amount of keratinized tissue in the treatment of localized recession.Methods: Eighty‐two contralateral sites in 14 patients with ≥2 mm of Miller Class I or III buccal tissue recession were treated. Forty‐one test sites were treated with coronally advanced flap (CAF) using ADM in conjunction with EMD, whereas 41 control sites were treated with CAF using ADM alone. A split‐mouth design was used for this study with 82 sites. Patients were followed for 3 and 6 months. A paired t test was conducted with the subject as the unit of analysis.Results: Based on paired t tests, both groups had significant improvement in the percentage of root coverage, probing attachment levels, and increased keratinized tissue. Only keratinized tissue in the test group demonstrated a statistically significant greater increase compared to controls at the 6‐month evaluation (P = 0.006).Conclusion: The use of EMD in conjunction with ADM resulted in a statistically significant effect on keratinized tissue increase, but no significant effects on probing attachment level or percentage of root surface coverage.
The Need for Glycemic Trials in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Abraira Carlos , Duckworth William 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Glycemic control is a well-established treatment objective in diabetes care. However, the effectiveness and specific goals of glycemic control are not yet known for older type 2 diabetic patients with advanced complications and suboptimal response to current treatments. Therefore, current glycemic guidelines for such patients are variable. This article presents the rationale for ongoing long-term clinical trials to answer these questions and reviews the demonstrated effectiveness of hypertension and dyslipidemia control in reducing both microvascular and macrovascular complications.
External Barriers to Diabetes Care: Addressing Personal and Health Systems Issues
Authors: Zgibor Janice C. , Songer Thomas J. 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Existing knowledge from the literature demonstrates that primary prevention of diabetes complications is possible. However, patient-, provider-, and health system-based barriers may prevent implementation of evidence-based practices. This article explores barriers to diabetes care that are external to the patient and that may require particular attention when attempting to translate primary prevention strategies into clinical care in the community.
Fine-Tuning Control: Pattern Management Versus Supplementation
Authors: Pearson Jan , Bergenstal Richard 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Research shows that near-normoglycemia is crucial for preventing complications and improving the health of individuals with diabetes. The majority of people with diabetes need insulin therapy. Just injecting insulin is not enough, however. Patient-centered team care is vital to success. Individuals need to build their self-management skills beginning with the foundation of pattern management and progressing to advanced insulin management. Sliding-scale, or supplemental, insulin therapy can only be fully effective with pattern management as the underlying strategy.
Pump Therapy for Children: Weighing the Risks and Benefits
Authors: Kaufman Francine Ratner , Halvorson Mary , Carpenter Sue , Devoe Debra , Pitukcheewanont Pisit 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Insulin pump therapy has been shown to be beneficial in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes; however, there is little data on very young children with regards to the risk/benefit ratio of pump therapy. This article describes the outcomes of insulin pump therapy in young children in our center at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and the criteria for patient selection.
Interview With an Expert in Complementary Therapy: James Gordon, MD
Authors: Payne Cynthia 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
This article offers excerpts from a discussion with James Gordon, MD, director of the Center for Mind-Body Medicine in Washington, D.C. Dr. Gordon is one of the key figures in the field of complementary and alternative medicine. He is chairman of the White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy and is the author of 10 books including Manifesto for a New Medicine: Your Guide to Healing Partnerships and the Wise Use of Alternative Therapies.
Mind-Body Interventions
Authors: Rice Birgitta I. 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
Mind-body interventions utilize the mind’s capacity to affect the body and its physiological responses. They thereby influence health. The response to stress (the “fight or flight” reaction) may be automatic, but recovery toward relaxed parameters (“the relaxation response”) can be learned through self-regulation and the regular use of mind-body interventions. Many of these interventions originate from Eastern healing practices. Western science has found some of them to be helpful as adjunct modalities in the treatment of disease, and their use is increasing.
Toxins and Diabetes Mellitus: An Environmental Connection?
Authors: Parker Veronica G. , Mayo Rachel M. , Logan Barbara N. , Holder Barbara J. , Smart Patricia T. 
Published: March 2007

Several international studies have examined the relationship between environmental influences and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of those findings from the scientific literature of the past 30 years. Literature relevant to the relationship between diabetes and environmental toxins was reviewed. The literature search was conducted using the National Library of Medicine, Expanded Academic, Health Reference Center, and PubMed (Medline) search mechanisms. The Internet (World Wide Web) was also used to obtain general information.
The findings suggest that two environmental toxins, arsenic and dioxin (dibenzo-p-dioxins), may have some relationship to an increased risk for diabetes. It should be noted that results only indicate a possible relationship between diabetes and environmental toxins. The authors strongly suggest that further studies be conducted to determine the true nature and extent of the relationships reported in the literature.
Outpatient Technologies for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes
Authors: Marcus Alan O. 
Published: March 2007

Diabetes care has undergone dramatic changes throughout time that can be attributed to breakthroughs in either pharmacotherapy or technology. These breakthroughs were aimed at either improving outcomes in terms of reduction or prevention of complications or enhancing our capacity to diagnose the disease because of the human and economic impact of failing to diagnose and intervene appropriately.
Recent advances in outpatient technology for glucose measurement have brought to the field of diabetes the capacity to better achieve both of these necessary goals: detection and effective intervention. These new technologies are extending the capabilities of both physicians and patients to diagnose diabetes and effectively control blood glucose. They are also increasing awareness and diagnosis of states of elevated glucose that may be associated with an increased risk of diabetes. This allows patients with elevated glucose to be targeted for prevention strategies before the development of diabetes.
Prescribed Medications and OTCs: Interactions and Timing Issues
Authors: Rhoades Kimberly R. 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
This article describes some common drug-drug interactions between prescription medications and over-the-counter medications that people with diabetes might encounter. With each interaction listed, there is a description of how to appropriately manage it. Also, proper timing of the medications in relation to food intake is described. The data presented are not all-inclusive but do detail the common medications used in people with diabetes.
It Takes a Village: Helping Families Live With Diabetes
Authors: Butler Deborah A. , Lawlor Margaret T. 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
To develop individualized goals of therapy for youth with diabetes, an awareness is needed that diabetes both affects and is affected by normal child and adolescent growth and development, as well as by family functioning and dynamics. However, it takes more than the health care team and family members to succeed at managing a child’s or adolescent’s diabetes. This article offers ideas to empower the families of young people with diabetes through multidisciplinary community support from schools, camps, health care teams, and research-driven programs.
Transforming Diabetes Health Care
Authors: Hupke Cindy , Camp Anne W. , Chaufournier Roger , Langley Gerald J. , Little Kevin 
Published: March 2007

In Brief
The Health Disparities Collaboratives initiative of the Department of Health and Human Services Bureau of Primary Health Care (described in the article on p. 102) has allowed hundreds of health centers around the country to improve process and clinical outcomes for people with diabetes. This article reports on the results of these efforts from facilities participating in the collaboratives.
Case Study: Alteration in Run Performance and Aerobic Power in a Runner With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Berg Kris 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this case study was to compare the decrement in distance running performance and peak VO2 over ∼25 years in a runner with type 1 diabetes with those of runners who do not have diabetes. A 58-year-old man was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at age 12. His blood glucose (BG) management has been tightly controlled, with glycated hemoglobin values averaging just above normal (mean: 6.18%; normal: 4.0–6.0%) for over a 21-year period. His decline in running performance at three distances (800 m, 3 miles, and 10 km), as well as his decrement in relative oxygen uptake (VO2) peak were compared to active runners not having type 1 diabetes.
All distances run were certified, and his peak VO2 was assessed in the same laboratory 12 times over a 23-year period. Values for peak VO2 in all 12 tests across time were at or above the 90th percentile rank in age-matched people without diabetes. The rate of decline in peak VO2 averaged 0.6% per year. The decrement in run performance per year ranged from 1.0 to 1.5% at the three distances. These values are typical of competitive runners over age 30 who do not have type 1 diabetes.
These results suggest that with vigorous effort to monitor and maintain normal BG levels, a good level of aerobic fitness may be maintained for several decades in people with type 1 diabetes. Also, the decline in running performance with age appears typical of runners not having type 1 diabetes. Consequently, no apparent limitation to peak VO2 or running performance seems to have occurred over several decades because of the presence of type 1 diabetes.
Experimental validation of a rigorous absorber model for CO2 postcombustion capture
Authors: Tobiesen Finn Andrew , Svendsen Hallvard F. , Juliussen Olav 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rigorous rate‐based model for acid gas absorption was developed and validated against mass‐transfer data obtained from a 3‐month campaign in a laboratory pilot‐plant absorber in which the experimental gas–liquid material balance was within an average of 6%. The mass‐transfer model is based on the penetration theory where the liquid film is discretized using an adaptive grid. The model was validated against all data and the deviation between simulated and averaged gas and liquid side experimental mass‐transfer rates yielded a total variability of 6.26%, while the total average deviation was 6.16%. Simpler enhancement factor mass‐transfer models were also tested, but showed slight over‐prediction of mass‐transfer rates. A sensitivity analysis shows that the accuracy of the equilibrium model is the single most important source of deviation between experiments and model, in particular at high loadings. Experimental data for the absorber in the integrated pilot plant are included. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Aortic and ventricular dilation and myocardial reduction in gestation day 17 ICR mouse fetuses of diabetic mothers
Authors: Gutierrez J. Claudio , Hrubec Terry C. , Prater M. Renee , Smith Bonnie J. , Freeman Larry E. , Holladay Steven D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Maternal diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fetal teratogenesis, including cardiovascular defects. Information regarding cardiovascular changes in late‐gestation fetal mice, related to maternal hyperglycemia, is not present in the literature.METHODS:Late‐gestation fetal heart and great vessel morphology were analyzed in fetuses from control and diabetic mice. Female ICR mice were injected with streptozocin (200 mg/kg IP) prior to mating to induce diabetes (n = 8). Nonhyperglycemic females were used as controls (n = 8). At day 17 of gestation, females were euthanized and one fetus was arbitrarily selected per litter to analyze the heart and great vessels. Six additional fetuses from different litters, showing external malformations (spina bifida and/or exencephaly), were also evaluated from the diabetic group. Fetal thoraxes were processed using routine histopathologic techniques, and 7‐μm transversal sections were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. Digital images of sections were made and analyzed using NIH Image J software to compare regional cardiac development. Student's t tests for means were performed to determine differences between groups (p < .05).RESULTS:Maternal hyperglycemia caused a dilation of late‐gestation fetal ventricular chambers, a reduction of total ventricular myocardial area, and an increase in transversal ascending thoracic aortic area. Three of six fetuses that displayed external malformations showed an overt cardiac defect, beyond the ventricular and myocardial changes.CONCLUSIONS:Maternal hyperglycemia altered morphology of the late‐gestation fetal mouse heart. Postnatal persistence or consequences of late‐gestation heart chamber dilation and myocardial reduction are not yet known. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss,
Altered localization of gene expression in both ectoderm and mesoderm is associated with a murine strain difference in retinoic acid–induced forelimb ectrodactyly
Authors: Shimizu Hirohito , Lee Grace S. , Beedanagari Sudheer R. , Collins Michael D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:Defects in digit number or fusion as a teratogenic response are well documented in humans and intensively studied in various mouse models. Maternal exposure to excess levels of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (RA) at gestational day 9.5 induces postaxial ectrodactyly (digit loss) in the murine C57BL/6N strain but not in the SWV/Fnn strain.METHODS:Whole‐mount in situ hybridization was used to examine the differential expression of limb patterning genes at the transcriptional level between the two mouse strains following the maternal exposure to a teratogenic level of RA. The detection of a gene with altered expression was followed by either the evaluation of other genes that were synexpressed or with an assessment of downstream genes.RESULTS:In the C57BL/6N limb bud following maternal RA administration, gene‐specific perturbations were observed within hours of the RA injection in the posterior pre‐AER (apical ectodermal ridge) (Fgf8, Dlx3, Bmp4, Sp8, but not Dlx2 or p63), whereas these genes were normally expressed in the SWV/Fnn limb bud. Furthermore, although RA caused comparable reductions of Shh expression between the strains in the 12 h after administration, some Shh downstream genes were differentially expressed (e.g., Gli1, Ptc, and Hoxd13), whereas others were not (e.g., Fgf4, Bmp4, and Gremlin).CONCLUSIONS:It is proposed that altered gene expression in both pre‐AER and mesoderm is involved in the pathogenesis of postaxial digit loss, and that because the alterations in the pre‐AER occur relatively early in the temporal sequence of events, those changes are candidates for an initiating factor in the malformation. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of an automated SNP analysis method using a paramagnetic beads handling robot
Authors: Hagiwara Hiroko , Sawakami‐Kobayashi Kazumi , Yamamoto Midori , Iwasaki Shoji , Sugiura Mika , Abe Hatsumi , Kunihiro‐Ohashi Sumiko , Takase Kumiko , Yamane Noriko , Kato Kaoru , Son Renkon , Nakamura Michihiro , Segawa Osamu , Yoshida Mamiko , Yohda Masafumi , Tajima Hideji , Kobori Masato , Takahama Yousuke , Itakura Mitsuo , Machida Masayuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBiological and medical importance of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has led to development of a wide variety of methods for SNP typing. Aiming for establishing highly reliable and fully automated SNP typing, we have developed the adapter ligation method in combination with the paramagnetic beads handling technology, Magtration®. The method utilizes sequence specific ligation between the fluorescently labeled adapter and the sample DNAs at the cohesive end produced by a type IIS restriction enzyme. Evaluation of the method using human genomic DNA showed clear discrimination of the three genotypes without ambiguity using the same reaction condition for any SNPs examined. The operations following PCR amplification were automatically performed by the Magtration®‐based robot that we have previously developed. Multiplex typing of two SNPs in a single reaction by using four fluorescent dyes was successfully preformed at the almost same sensitivity and reliability as the single typing. These results demonstrate that the automated paramagnetic beads handling technology, Magtration®, is highly adaptable to the automated SNP analysis and that our method best fits to an automated in‐house SNP typing for laboratory and medical uses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98; 420–428. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiological characterization of xylose metabolism in Aspergillus niger under oxygen‐limited conditions
Authors: Meijer S. , Panagiotou G. , Olsson L. , Nielsen J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe physiology of Aspergillus niger was studied under different aeration conditions. Five different aeration rates were investigated in batch cultivations of A. niger grown on xylose. Biomass, intra‐ and extra‐cellular metabolites profiles were determined and ten different enzyme activities in the central carbon metabolism were assessed. The focus was on organic acid production with a special interest in succinate production. The fermentations revealed that oxygen limitation significantly changes the physiology of the micro‐organism. Changes in extra cellular metabolite profiles were observed, that is, there was a drastic increase in polyol production (erythritol, xylitol, glycerol, arabitol, and mannitol) and to a lesser extent in the production of reduced acids (malate and succinate). The intracellular metabolite profiles indicated changes in fluxes, since several primary metabolites, like the intermediates of the TCA cycle accumulated during oxygen limitation (on average three fold increase). Also the enzyme activities showed changes between the exponential growth phase and the oxygen limitation phase. In general, the oxygen availability has a significant impact on the physiology of this fungus causing dramatic alterations in the central carbon metabolism that should be taken into account in the design of A. niger as a succinate cell factory. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98; 462–472. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.