bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of honest and dishonest signals of fighting ability
Authors: Dashtbali Mohammadali , Long Xiaoyan , Henshaw Jonathan M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Competition over resources is often decided via aggressive interactions, which may or may not escalate to all-out fights. Weapons and body size play important roles in such interactions, as they often provide reliable cues of an individual’s fighting ability. In contrast, traits like nonfunctional display “weapons” may dishonestly exaggerate fighting ability in order to intimidate opponents into retreating. Signals used in the context of aggressive interactions potentially evolve via very different mechanisms than courtship signals, but have received far less theoretical attention. Here, we contrast the evolution of honest and dishonest signals of fighting ability using a game-theoretic model. Contests are assumed to consist of three discrete stages: display from a distance, low-intensity physical contact, and fighting. At each stage, contestants evaluate the fighting ability of their opponents in comparison to their own based on body size and an aggressive signal. After making this evaluation, contestants decide whether to escalate the interaction or cede to their opponent. Our model predicts that both honest and dishonest aggressive signals can exaggerate far beyond their ecological optima, but that exaggeration is more pronounced for honest signals. Equilibrium levels of aggressiveness—as measured by individuals’ propensity to escalate aggressive interactions to the next stage—are independent of the honesty of signals. We additionally develop a novel approach, based on causal inference theory, to understand how changes in underlying parameters shape the coevolution of multiple traits. We use this approach to study how aggression coevolves with body and signal size in response to changes in the cost of losing a fight.
Long-term Musculoskeletal Consequences of Chemotherapy in Pediatric Mice
Authors: Huot Joshua R , Livingston Patrick D , Pin Fabrizio , Thomas Connor R , Jamnick Nicholas A , Callaway Chandler S , Bonetto Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Thanks to recent progress in cancer research, most children treated for cancer survive into adulthood. Nevertheless, the long-term consequences of anticancer agents are understudied, especially in the pediatric population. We and others have shown that routinely administered chemotherapeutics drive musculoskeletal alterations, which contribute to increased treatment-related toxicity and long-term morbidity. Yet, the nature and scope of these enduring musculoskeletal defects following anticancer treatments and whether they can potentially impact growth and quality of life in young individuals remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed at investigating the persistent musculoskeletal consequences of chemotherapy in young (pediatric) mice. Four-week-old male mice were administered a combination of 5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan (a.k.a., Folfiri) or the vehicle for up to 5 wk. At time of sacrifice, skeletal muscle, bones, and other tissues were collected, processed, and stored for further analyses. In another set of experiments, chemotherapy-treated mice were monitored for up to 4 wk after cessation of treatment. Overall, the growth rate was significantly slower in the chemotherapy-treated animals, resulting in diminished lean and fat mass, as well as significantly smaller skeletal muscles. Interestingly, 4 wk after cessation of the treatment, the animals exposed to chemotherapy showed persistent musculoskeletal defects, including muscle innervation deficits and abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis. Altogether, our data support that anticancer treatments may lead to long-lasting musculoskeletal complications in actively growing pediatric mice and support the need for further studies to determine the mechanisms responsible for these complications, so that new therapies to prevent or diminish chemotherapy-related toxicities can be identified.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Fluid Resuscitation in Burn-Injured Patients
Authors: Payne Michelle L , Young Sierra , Heard Jason , Bernardy Sarah , Duby Jeremiah J , Fine Jeffrey , Wilson Machelle , Louie Erin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fluid creep occurs when resuscitation after extensive burn injury reaches volumes higher than predicted. Since this has been described in patients with high opioid requirements, continuous analgesics and sedatives, including dexmedetomidine, have been avoided during resuscitation. This study sought to describe the impact of dexmedetomidine on fluid resuscitation requirements. This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with burns greater than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) resuscitated between January 2017 and June 2022 at a regional burn center. Patients deceased within 48 hours of burn were excluded. The primary outcome was volume of fluid required in the first 24 and 48 hours postburn. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of fluid-related adverse events within 7 days postburn. A total of 170 patients were included: 55 in the dexmedetomidine cohort and 115 in the control cohort. After propensity matching for variables associated with fluid creep, the dexmedetomidine cohort required 4.2 ± 1.7 mL/kg/%TBSA in the first 24 hours compared to 3.6 ± 1.1 mL/kg/%TBSA in the control cohort (P = 0.03). The difference was no longer significant at 48 hours (P = 0.11). There were no differences in the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, delayed escharotomy/fasciotomy, intra-abdominal hypertension, or renal replacement therapy. Dexmedetomidine exposure during acute resuscitation resulted in increased fluid requirements in the first 24 hours, suggesting it is independently associated with fluid creep; however, this increase was not sustained at 48 hours. Clinical significance of this finding is unclear, as there was no increase in adverse events related to excessive fluid resuscitation between cohorts.
Application of three-dimensional imaging software to map carcinomatosis in recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: da Costa Ana Gomes , Albergaria Diogo , Almeida Joana , Nave Mónica , Oliveira Joana , Catarino Ana , Chi Dennis S , Casanova João 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer has been based on systemic therapy. The role of secondary cytoreductive surgery has been addressed recently in several trials. Imaging plays a key role in helping the surgical team to decide which patients will have resectable disease and benefit from surgery. The role of staging laparoscopy and several imaging and clinical scores has been extensively debated in the field. In other surgical fields there have been reports of using 3D imaging software and 3D printed models to help surgeons better plan the surgical approach. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of a patient with recurrent ovarian cancer undergoing 3D modeling before secondary cytoreductive surgery. The 3D modeling was of most value to evaluate the extension of the disease in our patient who underwent a successful secondary cytoreductive surgery and is currently free of the disease.
BerEP4-Negative Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Immunophenotype Not to Forget
Authors: Murray Douglas W. , Thiel Robert W. , Phillips Mariana A. , Grider Douglas J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide. Although not typically metastatic, BCC can be locally destructive. BerEP4 is an antibody against CD326, an epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) that is expressed on epithelial progenitor cells and carcinomas. BerEP4 has been reported to have a 100% positive sensitivity in basal cell carcinomas, but a much lower sensitivity for a variety of other carcinomas, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A 74-year-old woman presented with a BerEP4-negative, but anti–renal cell antibody-positive BCC, and the stark clinical implications of misdiagnosis. This case stresses the importance of considering BerEP4-negative BCC, even when other abnormal features are present.
Predictive utility of remnant cholesterol in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Proctor Spencer D. , Wang Maggie , Vine Donna F. , Raggi Paolo 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review
Remnant cholesterol (RC) is the cholesterol carried in lipoproteins derived from the catabolism of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins. Evidence supporting the causal relationship of RC with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASVD) is accumulating rapidly. The number of impactful contributions to this field are increasing and provide a pathophysiological insight into the current residual cardiovascular risk beyond low-density cholesterol (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C). They also raise the question of whether RC should be used in prediction models and become the target of new therapeutic interventions. The intent of this review is to highlight the recent advances on the role of RC in atherogenesis and the validation of RC as a predictor of ASVD.

Recent Findings
Numerous prospective and retrospective cohorts helped validate a significant causal relationship of RC with various forms of ASVD, independent of LDL-C. A recent large Mendelian randomization study reinforced the existence of this relationship and showed that the risk of atherosclerotic events was driven nearly entirely by a direct effect of RC.

Summary
Both available and accumulating evidence suggest that a lifelong reduction in RC could translate into a substantial reduction in ASVD risk. The data support a revision of current guidelines to incorporate RC as an independent risk factor for ASVD. We propose that early screening of RC should be implemented and that RC lowering should become the target of future drug developments.
Corneal Transplant Rejection Postvaccination Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Dun Chen , Yenokyan Gayane , Soiberman Uri , Jeng Bennie H. , Makary Martin A. , Woreta Fasika , Srikumaran Divya 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence of corneal graft rejection after COVID and influenza vaccination.

Methods:
Patients 65 years or older undergoing penetrating keratoplasty or endothelial keratoplasty any time between 2016 and 2021 followed by COVID or influenza vaccination in 2021 among the 100% Medicare Fee-For-Service database were included. Demographic and ocular history characteristics of patients with (cases) and without graft rejection (controls) were compared using the χ2 test.

Results:
After COVID (n = 31,398) and influenza (n = 24,290) vaccination, 0.45% (n = 140) and 0.17% (n = 41) patients developed rejection within 90 days, respectively. There was no difference in the rate of graft rejection within 90 days relative to 90 to 180 days after vaccination after both COVID (90 days: 0.45% vs. 180 days: 0.61%, P = 0.37) and influenza (90 days: 0.17% vs. 180 days: 0.29%, P = 0.11) vaccines. For COVID vaccination, patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (n = 51, 0.97%; vs. endothelial keratoplasty = 89; 0.34%, P < 0.001), history of rejection up to 1 year before vaccination (n = 13; 1.30% vs. no history = 127, 0.42%; P < 0.001), and having an ocular comorbidity (n = 110, 0.54% vs. no ocular comorbidity = 30, 0.27%; P = 0.001) had higher rates of graft rejections, and most rejections were after 1 year postkeratoplasty (87.14%, n = 122).

Conclusions:
The incidence of graft rejection postvaccination is low compared with the overall rates of rejection in the published literature. Most post-COVID vaccination graft rejections were after 1 year postkeratoplasty when corticosteroids are expected to have been tapered to lower doses. Surgeons may counsel patients regarding graft rejection symptoms, but overall low rates may not warrant pretreatment in low-risk keratoplasty patients.
Clinical and Economic Burden of Antibiotic Use Among Pediatric Patients With Varicella Infection in the Outpatient Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Real-world Data in France
Authors: Kujawski Stephanie A. , Casey Caroline S. , Haas Hervé , Patel Amisha , Diomatari Christina , Holbrook Tim , Pawaskar Manjiri 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Varicella infects 90% of children before age 9. Though varicella is self-limiting, its complications may require antibiotics, though how antibiotics are utilized for varicella in France is not well known. This study assessed antibiotic use and costs associated with varicella and its complications in pediatric patients managed in the outpatient setting in France.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study using the Cegedim Strategic Data-Longitudinal Patient Database, an electronic medical record database from general practitioners and office-based specialists in France, was conducted. Children <18 years old diagnosed with varicella between January 2014 and December 2018 with 3-month follow-up available were included. We used descriptive analysis to assess varicella-related complications, medication use, healthcare resource utilization and costs.

Results:
Overall, 48,027 patients were diagnosed with varicella; 15.3% (n = 7369) had ≥1 varicella-related complication. Antibiotics were prescribed in up to 25.1% (n = 12,045/48,027) of cases with greater use in patients with complications (68.1%, n = 5018/7369) compared with those without (17.3%, n = 7027/40,658). Mean medication and outpatient varicella-related costs were €32.82 per patient with medications costing a mean of €5.84 per patient; antibiotics contributed ~23% to total costs annually.

Conclusion:
This study showed high antibiotic use for the management of varicella and its complications. A universal varicella vaccination program could be considered to alleviate complications and associated costs in France.
Acute Compartment Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis Caused by a Single Electrical Muscle Stimulation in a 46-Year-Old Female Professional Athlete With Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Myofascial Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: von Deneen Karen M. , Alemayehu Dereje Gobena , Khosla Ajit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) training has been recognized as an effective modality for improving body composition, enhancing body strength, and facilitating injury recovery. However, individuals who are new to EMS training and those with certain chronic diseases should exercise caution due to the increased risk of rhabdomyolysis. This case report describes the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and gluteal compartment syndrome following a single session of EMS training in a 46-year-old Caucasian female professional athlete. The patient was successfully managed with intensive intravenous fluid therapy and sodium bicarbonate supplementation, along with close monitoring of electrolytes and renal function. Electrical muscle stimulation training poses an increased risk of severe complications in individuals with chronic diseases and myopathy. Therefore, careful subject selection is required for EMS training in individuals with chronic diseases and myopathy to prevent common side effects. For individuals trying EMS training for the first time, it is recommended to avoid high-frequency EMS exercises.
The Use of Portable, Very Low-field (0.064T) MRI to Image Cochlear Implants: Metallic Image Artifact in Comparison to Traditional, Stationary 3T MRI
Authors: Munhall Christopher C. , Roberts Donna R. , Labadie Robert F. 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To assess image artifact when imaging a cochlear implant (CI) with a conventional 3T MRI machine compared with a very low-field (0.064T) MRI.

Patients:
None.

Intervention:
Diagnostic study.

Main Outcome Measure:
Image artifact size associated with the CI affixed to an MRI phantom at very low-field 0.064T MRI versus 3T MRI.

Results:
The longest diameter of the image artifact was 125 mm for the 3T MRI and 86 mm for the 0.064T MRI, representing 45% longer image artifact generated in the 3T MRI. The actual volume of the imaging phantom was 1371 cm3. The volume of the image artifact was measured as 379 cm3 in the 3T MRI, representing a loss of 27.6% of the actual volume of the imaging phantom. The volume of image artifact was measured as 170 cm3 in the 0.064T MRI, representing a loss of 12.4% of the phantom volume.

Conclusions:
3T MRI had better image quality. This result was not surprising given that larger magnetic field strength is known to provide higher resolution. There was 15% less image artifact generated in the very low-field MRI machine compared with a conventional 3T device. And there was also subjectively increased distortion of the imaging phantom at 3T MRI compared with the 0.064T MRI. With minimized safety concerns and a much lower cost than conventional 3T machines, very low-field scanners may find expanded clinical uses. This preclinical study explores the potential utility of very low-field MRI in scanning CI recipients.
Differential Expression of Noncoding RNAs Revealed Enhancer RNA AC016735.2 as a Potential Pathogenic Marker of Congenital Microtia Patients
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Yanyong , Lin Lin , Yang Qinghua , Zhang Ling 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Congenital microtia is a complex maxillofacial malformation with various risk factors. This study aimed to find potential pathogenic noncoding RNAs for congenital microtia patients.

Methods:
We collected 3 pairs of residual ear cartilage samples and corresponding normal ear cartilage samples from nonsyndromic congenital microtia patients for microarray experiments. The differentially expressed RNAs were screened, and enrichment analysis and correlation expression analysis were performed to elucidate the function of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We further investigated the most significantly differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), AC016735.2, through follow-up analyses including RT-qPCR and Western blotting, to validate its differential expression in residual ear cartilage compared with normal ear cartilage. SiRNA was designed to study the regulatory role of AC016735.2, and cell proliferation experiments were conducted to explore its impact on residual ear chondrocytes.

Results:
Analysis of the microarray data revealed a total of 1079 differentially expressed RNAs, including 305 mRNAs and x lncRNAs, using a threshold of FC>1.5 and P<0.05 for mRNA, and FC>1.0 and P<0.05 for lncRNA. Enrichment analysis indicated that these genes are mainly involved in extracellular matrix regulation and embryonic development. AC016735.2 showed the highest differential expression among the eRNAs, being upregulated in residual ear cartilage. It acts in cis to regulate the nearby coding gene ZFP36L2, indirectly affecting downstream genes such as BMP4, TWSG1, COL2A1, and COL9A2.

Conclusion:
Significant differences were observed in the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs between residual ear cartilage and normal auricular cartilage tissues in the same genetic background of congenital microtia. These differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs may play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of microtia through pathways associated with extracellular matrix regulation and gastrulation. Particularly, AC016735.2, an eRNA acting in cis, could serve as a potential pathogenic noncoding gene.
Identifying community safety and policy-based injury prevention opportunities to reduce golf cart injuries
Authors: DeJesus Jana , Chavez Carlos , Zou Jazzalyn , Brahmbhatt Kush , O'Daniel Elizabeth , Schaeffer August , Shah Nikhil R. , Nguyen Hoang , Matson Julie , Radhakrishnan Ravi , Naik-Mathuria Bindi 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
In small US communities, golf cart utilization has become increasingly more common. In the past 3 years, the incidence and severity of pediatric golf cart–related trauma evaluated at our trauma center have noticeably increased. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze trends, identify risk and protective factors, and provide community-level recommendations to improve golf cart safety for children in a coastal community.

METHODS
A retrospective cross-sectional study of our institutional trauma registry was performed. The registry was queried for golf cart injuries between 2012 and 2022. Demographics, accident details, hospital course, and outcomes were reviewed. Data analysis involved quantitative statistics. Incident locations were mapped, including additional data from the County emergency medical service. In addition, customer education at four prominent golf rental shops was observed.

RESULTS
Annual golf cart–related traumas doubled starting in 2020. Of 235 total patients, 105 (46%) were children. Median age was 11.5 years (range, 2–17 years). Fifty-five percent were female, and 67% were non-Hispanic White. Eighty percent were out-of-county residents. The most common injury location was extremity (56%). The median Injury Severity Score was 4, and 3% died. Only 10% of children were restrained. Forty-one percent were ejected, and most (84%) were front-facing passengers. Ejection was associated with more severe injury (odds ratio, 4.13; p = 0.01). Most injuries occurred during 5 to 10 pm (47%), weekends, and summertime. Nighttime injuries were more severe than daytime (p = 0.04). A hotspot of crashes was identified in a zone where golf carts were restricted. Rental stores provided education on seat belt use, car seat use for infants, and off-limit zones. However, rules were not enforced.

CONCLUSION
Our results inform the following golf cart injury prevention opportunities: raising awareness of injury risks to children in high-tourist areas, partnering with rental stores to enforce rules, improving signage, adding protected lanes, and adopting a no nighttime operation policy.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Ligify: Automated genome mining for ligand-inducible transcription factors
Authors: d’Oelsnitz Simon , Ellington Andrew D. , Ross David J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAbstract FigureProkaryotic transcription factors can be repurposed into biosensors for the ligand-inducible control of gene expression, but the landscape of chemical ligands for which biosensors exist is extremely limited. To expand this landscape, we developed Ligify, a web application that leverages information in enzyme reaction databases to predict transcription factors that may be responsive to user-defined chemicals. Candidate transcription factors are then incorporated into automatically generated plasmid sequences that are designed to express GFP in response to the target chemical. Our benchmarking analyses demonstrated that Ligify correctly predicted 31/100 previously validated biosensors, and highlighted strategies for further improvement. We then used Ligify to build a panel of genetic circuits that could induce a 47-fold, 5-fold, 9-fold, and 27-fold change in fluorescence in response to D-ribose, L-sorbose, isoeugenol, and 4-vinylphenol, respectively. Ligify should enhance the ability of researchers to quickly develop biosensors for an expanded range of chemicals, and is publicly available athttps://ligify.streamlit.app.