bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porcine maternal infanticide as a model for puerperal psychosis
Authors: Quilter Claire R. , Blott Sarah C. , Wilson Anna E. , Bagga Meenakshi R. , Sargent Carole A. , Oliver Gina L. , Southwood Olwen I. , Gilbert Colin L. , Mileham Alan , Affara Nabeel A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChildbirth is a period of substantial rapid biological and psychological change and a wide range of psychotic disorders can occur ranging from mild ‘baby blues’ to severe episodes of psychotic illnesses. Puerperal psychosis is the most extreme form of postnatal psychosis, occurring in 1 in 1,000 births. In this study, we have used the pig as an animal model for human postnatal psychiatric illness. Our aim was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with maternal (infanticide) sow aggression. This is defined by sows attacking and killing their own newborn offspring, within 24 hr of birth. An affected sib pair whole genome linkage analysis was carried out with 80 microsatellite markers covering the 18 porcine autosomes and the X chromosome, with the aim of identifying chromosomal regions responsible for this abnormal behavior. Analysis was carried out using the non‐parametric linkage test of Whittemore and Halpern, as implemented in the Merlin software. The results identified 4 QTL mapping on Sus scrofa chromosomes 2 (SSC2), 10 (SSC10), and X (SSCX). The peak regions of these QTL are syntenic to HSA 5q14.3‐15, 1q32, Xpter‐Xp2.1, and Xq2.4‐Xqter, respectively. Several potential candidate genes lie in these regions in addition to relevant abnormal behavioral QTL, found in humans and rodents. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of A2BP1/FOX1 as a candidate gene for autism
Authors: Martin Christa Lese , Duvall Jacqueline A. , Ilkin Yesim , Simon Jason S. , Arreaza M. Gladys , Wilkes Kristin , Alvarez‐Retuerto Ana , Whichello Amy , Powell Cynthia M. , Rao Kathleen , Cook Edwin , Geschwind Daniel H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCytogenetic imbalances are increasingly being realized as causes of autism. Here, we report a de novo translocation between the short arms of chromosomes 15 and 16 in a female with autism, epilepsy, and global developmental delay. FISH analysis identified a cryptic deletion of approximately 160 kb at the boundary of the first exon and first intron of the 1.7 Mb ataxin‐2 binding protein‐1 (A2BP1) gene, also called FOX1. Quantitative real time PCR (Q‐PCR) analysis verified a deletion of exon 1 in the 5′ promoter region of the A2BP1 gene. Reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) showed reduced mRNA expression in the individual's lymphocytes, demonstrating the functional consequence of the deletion. A2BP1 codes for a brain‐expressed RNA binding or splicing factor. Because of emerging evidence in the role of RNA processing and gene regulation in pervasive developmental disorders, we performed further screening of A2BP1 in additional individuals with autism from the Autism Genetics Resource Exchange (AGRE) collection. Twenty‐seven SNPs were genotyped across A2BP1 in 206 parent‐child trios and two regions showed association at P ≤ 0.008 level. No additional deletions or clear mutations were identified in 88 probands by re‐sequencing of all exons and surrounding intronic regions or quantitative PCR (Q‐PCR) of exon 1. Although only nominal association was observed, and no obvious causal mutations were identified, these results suggest that A2BP1 may affect susceptibility or cause autism in a subset of patients. Further investigations in a larger sample may provide additional information regarding the involvement of this gene in the autistic phenotype. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence for a preferential transmission of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677T allele in families with schizophrenia offspring
Authors: Muntjewerff Jan‐Willem , Hoogendoorn Mechteld L.C. , Aukes Maartje F. , Kahn René S. , Sinke Richard J. , Blom Henk J. , Heijer Martin den 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C > T polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in various case‐control studies. However, case‐control studies are sensitive to population stratification, which is not an issue in family‐based studies. We conducted a family‐based study comprising 120 families with a schizophrenic family member to explore the association between the parental MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism and schizophrenia risk in offspring. In addition, a meta‐analysis was performed using the available studies with data on this subject. Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) analysis showed no preferential transmission of the 677T allele from parents heterozygous for the MTHFR 677C > T polymorphism to schizophrenia offspring (P = 0.27). The genotype relative risks were 1.43 (95% CI: 0.83–2.47) for the 677TT and 1.42 (95% CI: 0.54–3.78) for the 677CT genotype, relative to the 677CC genotype. A meta‐analysis using data from family‐based studies comprising a total of 416 parent‐child triads yielded no evidence implicating the 677T allele in schizophrenia risk (P = 0.58). By applying a log‐linear model, we found no asymmetry within parental mating type. Our data provided no evidence that transmission of the MTHFR 677T allele is associated with schizophrenia risk. In addition, we found no evidence that the maternal genotype influences the risk of having schizophrenia offspring substantially. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical note: Compatibility of microtomographic imaging systems for dental measurements
Authors: Olejniczak Anthony J. , Tafforeau Paul , Smith Tanya M. , Temming Heiko , Hublin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: May 2007

AbstractModern micro‐computed tomography techniques allow the accurate visualization of internal dental structures, and are becoming widely used within (paleo‐) anthropological dental studies. There exist several types and name brands of microtomographic systems, however, which have been demonstrated to produce images that vary in resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio. As a growing body of dental research using disparate microtomographic techniques is likely to continue accumulating, it is imperative that different systems are compared to ensure that results are comparable and not machine‐dependent. In the present study, we compare volume, surface area, and linear measurements recorded on a sample of modern and fossil teeth using four microtomographic systems (three laboratory scanners, and the ID19 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility). Results indicate that measurements are comparable between systems (within 3%), but that synchrotron radiation is superior to the other systems because its monochromatic X‐rays prevent beam hardening and its parallel beam prevents geometric artifacts in the resultant images, making it easier to record measurements and see fine details at the enamel cervix or dentine horn tips. Although the synchrotron produces higher resolution images with less artifacts, results indicate that for gross morphological measurements (e.g., enamel cap volume, intercuspal distances), each of the scanners produces approximately the same measurements. Combining measurements of teeth from multiple microCT systems presupposes that measurements from each system are comparable; the research presented here indicates that this is the case when teeth are not severely diagenetically remineralized. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The problem of assessing landmark error in geometric morphometrics: Theory, methods, and modifications
Authors: von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen , Frazier Brenda C. , Lahr Marta Mirazón 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGeometric morphometric methods rely on the accurate identification and quantification of landmarks on biological specimens. As in any empirical analysis, the assessment of inter‐ and intra‐observer error is desirable. A review of methods currently being employed to assess measurement error in geometric morphometrics was conducted and three general approaches to the problem were identified. One such approach employs Generalized Procrustes Analysis to superimpose repeatedly digitized landmark configurations, thereby establishing whether repeat measures fall within an acceptable range of variation. The potential problem of this error assessment method (the “Pinocchio effect”) is demonstrated and its effect on error studies discussed. An alternative approach involves employing Euclidean distances between the configuration centroid and repeat measures of a landmark to assess the relative repeatability of individual landmarks. This method is also potentially problematic as the inherent geometric properties of the specimen can result in misleading estimates of measurement error. A third approach involved the repeated digitization of landmarks with the specimen held in a constant orientation to assess individual landmark precision. This latter approach is an ideal method for assessing individual landmark precision, but is restrictive in that it does not allow for the incorporation of instrumentally defined or Type III landmarks. Hence, a revised method for assessing landmark error is proposed and described with the aid of worked empirical examples. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robusticity and sexual dimorphism in the postcranium of modern hunter‐gatherers from Australia
Authors: Carlson Kristian J. , Grine Frederick E. , Pearson Osbjorn M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThroughout much of prehistory, humans practiced a hunting and gathering subsistence strategy. Elevated postcranial robusticity and sexually dimorphic mobility patterns are presumed consequences of this strategy, in which males are attributed greater robusticity and mobility than females. Much of the basis for these trends originates from populations where skeletal correlates of activity patterns are known (e.g., cross‐sectional geometric properties of long bones), but in which activity patterns are inferred using evidence such as archaeological records (e.g., Pleistocene Europe). Australian hunter‐gatherers provide an opportunity to critically assess these ideas since ethnographic documentation of their activity patterns is available. We address the following questions: do skeletal indicators of Australian hunter‐gatherers express elevated postcranial robusticity and sexually dimorphic mobility relative to populations from similar latitudes, and do ethnographic accounts support these findings. Using computed tomography, cross‐sectional images were obtained from 149 skeletal elements including humeri, radii, ulnae, femora, and tibiae. Cross‐sectional geometric properties were calculated from image data and standardized for body size. Australian hunter‐gatherers often have reduced robusticity at femoral and humeral midshafts relative to forager (Khoi‐San), agricultural/industrialized (Zulu), and industrialized (African American) groups. Australian hunter‐gatherers display more sexual dimorphism in upper limb robusticity than lower limb robusticity. Attributing specific behavioral causes to upper limb sexual dimorphism is premature, although ethnographic accounts support sex‐specific differences in tool use. Virtually absent sexual dimorphism in lower limb robusticity is consistent with ethnographic accounts of equivalently high mobility among females and males. Thus, elevated postcranial robusticity and sexually dimorphic mobility do not always characterize hunter‐gatherers. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fas small interfering RNA reduces motoneuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice
Authors: Locatelli Federica , Corti Stefania , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Fortunato Francesco , Del Bo Roberto , Donadoni Chiara , Nizzardo Monica , Nardini Martina , Salani Sabrina , Ghezzi Serena , Strazzer Sandra , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo Pietro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motoneuron death. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms that trigger and regulate motoneuron degeneration could be relevant to ALS and other motoneuron disorders. This study investigates the role of Fas‐linked motoneuron death in the pathogenesis of ALS.MethodsWe performed in vitro and in vivo small interfering RNA–mediated interference, by silencing the Fas receptor on motoneurons that carry the superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD1)‐G93A mutation.ResultsWe observed a significant reduction in Fas expression at messenger RNA (p < 0.001) and protein levels. Treated motoneurons demonstrated an increase in survival and a reduction in cytochrome c release from mitochondria. In vivo, continuous intrathecal administration of Fas small interfering RNA by an osmotic minipump improved motor function and survival in SOD1‐G93A mice (mean increase, 18 days; p < 0.0001). Treated mice showed a significant reduction in Fas and Fas mediators p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and caspase‐8.InterpretationFas silencing interferes with motoneuron‐specific downstream death pathways and results in increased motoneuron survival and amelioration of the SOD1‐G93A phenotype, suggesting new possible strategies for molecular therapy of ALS. Ann Neurol 2007
Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic polymer networks based on acrylated poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and N‐vinylpyrrolidone
Authors: Liao Liqiong , Zhang Chao , Gong Shaoqin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNew amphiphilic polymer networks were synthesized by the free‐radical copolymerization of α,ω‐diacryl polycaprolactone (DAPCL) and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), which was initiated by 0.5% azobisisobutyronitrile at 70°C. The chemical structures of the networks were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The NVP/DAPCL feed ratio played an important role in the crosslinking process. The synthesized amphiphilic polymer networks exhibited controlled swelling properties in water and organic solvents (ethanol, acetones, and toluene). A porous structure was observed for the amphiphilic polymer networks under a scanning electron microscope. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Novel phosphorus‐containing hardeners with tailored chemical structures for epoxy resins: Synthesis and cured resin properties
Authors: Perez R. M. , Sandler J. K. W. , Altstädt V. , Hoffmann T. , Pospiech D. , Artner J. , Ciesielski M. , Döring M. , Balabanovich A. I. , Knoll U. , Braun U. , Schartel B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA comparative evaluation of systematically tailored chemical structures of various phosphorus‐containing aminic hardeners for epoxy resins was carried out. In particular, the effect of the oxidation state of the phosphorus in the hardener molecule on the curing behavior, the mechanical, thermomechanical, and hot‐wet properties of a cured bifunctional bisphenol‐A based thermoset is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the comparative pyrolysis of neat cured epoxy resins containing phosphine oxide, phosphinate, phosphonate, and phosphate (with a phosphorus content of about 2.6 wt %) and of the fire behavior of their corresponding carbon fiber‐reinforced composites. Comparatively faster curing thermosetting system with an enhanced flame retardancy and adequate processing behavior can be formulated by taking advantage of the higher reactivity of the phosphorus‐modified hardeners. For example, a combination of the high reactivity and of induced secondary crosslinking reactions leads to a comparatively high Tg when curing the epoxy using a substoichiometric amount of the phosphinate‐based hardener. The overall mechanical performance of the materials cured with the phosphorus‐containing hardeners is comparable to that of a 4,4′‐DDS‐cured reference system. While the various phosphorus‐containing hardeners in general provide the epoxy‐based matrix with enhanced flame retardancy properties, it is the flame inhibition in the gas phase especially that determines the improvement in fire retardancy of carbon fiber‐reinforced composites. In summary, the present study provides an important contribution towards developing a better understanding of the potential use of such phosphorus‐containing compounds to provide the composite matrix with sufficient flame retardancy while simultaneously maintaining its overall mechanical performance on a suitable level. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
On suicide bombing
Authors: Altman Neil 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper I aim to bring a psychoanalytic perspective to bear on suicide bombing. I argue that our response to suicide bombing, along with horror and condemnation, should include regarding the act as, among other things, a potential communication. I try to look at all sides of the question of whether we should try to understand suicide bombing and suicide bombers. Addressing this question will bring up issues of humanization and dehumanization, how vicious circles of dehumanization develop, and the psychological perils of humanizing, in our minds, suicide bombers. Next, I take up questions of humiliation, to which I believe suicide bombing is a response, with respect to both the oppressed and the oppressors. I will take up the question of what might be communicated by suicide bombing and, finally, I address some of the implications of the line of thinking I develop in this paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Avidin Decorated Core–Shell Nanoparticles for Biorecognition Studies by Elastic Light Scattering
Authors: Prosperi Davide , Morasso Carlo , Tortora Paolo , Monti Diego , Bellini Tommaso 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a straightforward method based on elastic light scattering is shown to provide a sensitive and reliable tool for the quantitative determination of protein–ligand interactions that occur at the surface of suitably designed core–shell nanoparticles. The assay makes use of monodisperse nanocolloids that have minimal optical contrast with the aqueous environment. By properly coating the particles with avidin and oligo(ethylene glycol)‐based amphiphiles, we developed a hybrid system that combines the availability of standard ligands with the necessary bioinvisibility towards the accidental adsorption of nonspecific macromolecules. This probe was employed to detect interactions between different kinds of biotinylated proteins, and it revealed high specificity and affinities in the low nanomolar range. In particular, we obtained an efficient avidin anchorage of biotinylated protein A on the surface of the nanoparticles, which we exploited as a functional probe for the rapid, quantitative, picomolar detection of human IgG antibodies. Overall, these light‐scattering‐based nanosensors appear as a simple and highly informative tool for proteomics studies.
The Anchor‐Tornus technique: A novel approach to “uncrossable” chronic total occlusions
Authors: Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFollowing successful guidewire passage, inability to cross a chronic total occlusion is the most frequent cause of procedural failure. While low‐profile balloons, microcatheters, and specialty catheters such as the Tornus have been designed to facilitate lesion crossing, these devices require adequate guiding catheter support. We describe a novel application of the Tornus catheter combined with a balloon‐anchored guide technique to successfully recanalize an otherwise difficult to cross chronic total occlusion. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal coronary arteries are rare in young patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Valika Ali A. , Pica Mark , Goldstein James 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:To delineate the angiographic extent of coronary atherosclerosis in young patients (<45 years) with acute myocardial infarction (MI).Background:Prior studies suggest 20% of young patients with acute MI have normal coronary arteries. However, most such studies defined “normal” as absence of stenoses >50% luminal diameter, ignoring the presence of nonflow limiting disease that may harbor culprit plaques.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 131 patients <45 years old with ST‐segment elevation MI undergoing emergency catheterization. Angiograms were analyzed for the presence and extent of disease, including lesion “complexity” indicative of plaque instability. “Normal” vessels were defined as absence of any disease.Results:Mean patient age was 40 ± 7 years. The infarct related artery and an obvious complex culprit lesion was identified in all (100%) cases (left anterior descending 44%, right coronary 38%, and circumflex 18%). Single vessel disease involving the culprit vessel only was identified in 60% of cases, whereas additional disease was found in 40% of others (two‐vessel in 29% and three‐vessel disease in 11% of patients).Conclusion:These findings demonstrate that young patients with acute MI typically manifest an identifiable complex culprit atherosclerotic coronary lesion. Furthermore, they often have multivessel atherosclerosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Diastereoselective Lithiation and Substitution of an (S)‐Prolinyl Thiocarbamate via Sterically Homogeneous Lithio(thiocarbamate): Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Prolinethiols
Authors: Sonawane Ravindra P. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Fröhlich Roland , Bergander Klaus , Hoppe Dieter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHighly diastereoselective lithiation–substitution reactions of an (S)‐proline derived S‐alkyl thiocarbamate was accomplished. The configuration of the predominant alkyllithium species and the stereochemical course of the electrophilic substitution reactions are deduced by a combination of X‐ray crystal structure analysis, NMR spectroscopic studies, deuteration/dedeuteration experiments, and quantum chemical calculations. The lithium intermediate (S,S)‐9 was found to be kinetically and thermodynamically favoured, whereas (S,R)‐9 rapidly epimerizes.
Lymphadenectomy in endometrioid uterine cancer staging
Authors: Chan John K. , Urban Renata , Cheung Michael K. , Shin Jacob Y. , Husain Amreen , Teng Nelson N. , Berek Jonathan S. , Walker Joan L. , Kapp Daniel S. , Osann Kathryn 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the current study was investigate the association between the number of lymph nodes examined and the probability of detecting at least a single lymph node involved by metastatic disease in patients with endometrioid corpus cancer.METHODS.Demographic, clinicopathologic, and surgical information were obtained from the National Cancer Institute between 1990 and 2001. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relation between the number of lymph nodes identified and the probability of detecting at least a single positive lymph node.RESULTS.Of 11,443 patients, the median age was 64 years (range, 22–74 years). In all, 78.7% had stage I disease, 10.3% had stage II disease, and 11.0% had stage III disease; 31.5% had grade 1 histology, 40.6% had grade 2 histology, and 24.3% had grade 3 histology. The median number of lymph nodes reported was 9 (range, 1–90 lymph nodes). The median number of lymph nodes and the percent of patients with positive lymph nodes have increased from 1988 to 2001. An increasing number of lymph nodes removed was associated with a higher likelihood of identifying those with lymph node metastases. Based on the logistic regression model, the largest increase in probability of detecting at least a single positive lymph node was observed when 21 to 25 lymph nodes were resected (odds ratio [OR] of 1.45; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08–1.94 [P < .01]). Removing greater than 25 lymph nodes did not improve the statistical probability (OR of 1.23; 95% CI, 0.94–1.61 [P = .13]).CONCLUSIONS.The current study data suggest that the removal of 21 to 25 lymph nodes significantly increases the probability of detecting at least 1 positive lymph node in endometrioid uterine cancer. The definition of an adequate lymphadenectomy deserves further investigation. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.