bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of the hypersensitive response by an ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA) protein through suppression of a small GTPase, ADP ribosylation factor, in tobacco plants
Authors: Lee Mi‐Hyun , Sano Hiroshi 
Published: June 2007

SummaryATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA) proteins are commonly distributed among eukaryotes, and are involved in a multitude of cellular functions. NtAAA1 is one such example, being involved in pathogen response in tobacco plants. When its activity was suppressed in RNAi transgenic tobacco plants, an elevated resistance to the pathogenic bacteriumPseudomonas syringaewas observed in comparison with the wild type. As AAA proteins function through interaction with specific partners, NtAAA1‐interacting proteins were screened by the yeast two‐hybrid assay, and one particular gene encoding a small GTPase, an ADP ribosylation factor, was identified and designated as NtARF. Its specific binding to NtAAA1 was confirmed byin vitropull‐down assay, and their interaction was predominant between active forms of NtARF and NtAAA1, each bound to GTP and ATP, respectively. Their physical interactionin vivoaround the plasma membrane was shown by fluorescence resonance energy transfer assays, suggesting their role in membrane trafficking. Transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressingNtARFunder the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter exhibited spontaneous and wound‐induced lesion formation, and enhanced resistance to pathogen attack. Expression ofNtAAA1in leaves of NtARF transgenic plants attenuated lesion and suppressed pathogen resistance. In wild‐type tobacco plants, transcripts ofNtAAA1andNtARFcould be induced by ethylene and salicylic acid, respectively. These results suggest that NtAAA1 balances plant resistance through suppression of NtARF, and that the molecular basis for the known antagonistic actions of ethylene and salicylic acid in defense response could be partly attributable to these two proteins.
A place to play: Socioeconomic and spatial factors in children's physical activity
Authors: Ziviani Jenny , Wadley David , Ward Heather , Macdonald Doune , Jenkins David , Rodger Sylvia 
Published: June 2007

Background and aims:  Concerns about physical inactivity in children and growing levels of obesity are expressed by politicians, health economists and those involved with the health and well‐being of children. As this has the potential to be a major health issue, the aim of this investigation was to explore any contributing socioenvironmental considerations. Methods and results:  Census‐matched survey data were analysed from 318 parents of 6‐ to 7‐year‐old children, revealing that family socioeconomic status (SES) influenced the places where children engaged in physical activity. Children from low SES backgrounds spent significantly more time playing close to their homes, and their families were less able to afford access to commercial physical‐activity facilities, than those from middle and high SES families. Although neighbourhood‐based activities are generally associated with more spontaneous free play, such activities may not provide the same opportunities for supervision and physical skill building available through commercial‐based activities. Conclusions:  Given that access to ‘enriching’ physical‐activity spaces may be limited by the capacity to pay, these findings have implications for professionals such as occupational therapists who can take on a role in advocating for equity in access and promotion of a more engaging urban design. Dialogue with urban planners is central to this process.
Queensland extended care services for people with severe mental illness and the role of occupational therapy
Authors: Munro Jane , Palmada Michelle , Russell Anneliese , Taylor Penny , Heir Bradley , McKay Jan , Lloyd Chris 
Published: June 2007

Background:  People with serious mental illness in Queensland who require extended rehabilitation may be treated in extended inpatient mental health services. Two of these extended inpatient services, hospital and community‐based ‘Extended Treatment and Rehabilitation Units (ETRUs) and Community Care Units (CCUs)’, are described, including the aims, objectives, philosophy and service delivery. Methods:  A quality project involving occupational therapists working in these settings, as well as a consumer and carer, provides different perspectives concerning these relatively new health services in Queensland. Results:  Two main occupational therapy roles were identified: case management and occupational therapy‐specific roles (including assessment and intervention). The consumer and carer perspective is also presented. Conclusion:  These services provide a positive option for people with high levels of functional disability as a result of mental illness and also for their carers. They provide environments with many exciting opportunities and challenges for occupational therapists working in mental health.
The concurrent validity of the 3‐day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire administered to female adolescents aged 12–14 years
Authors: Stanley Rebecca , Boshoff Kobie , Dollman Jim 
Published: June 2007

Aim:  This pilot study was conducted as part of an honours project and aimed to provide evidence of validity for the 3‐day Physical Activity Recall (3dPAR) questionnaire in a sample of female adolescents aged 12–14 years (N = 20) for use by occupational therapists to assess adolescents’ physical activity.Methods:  Participants wore a Computer Science and Applications 7164 accelerometer for seven consecutive days and completed the 3dPAR questionnaire after the recording period. Results:  A significant correlation was found between self‐reported total metabolic equivalents and accelerometer total counts for 3 days (r = 0.630, P < 0.01) and self‐reported vigorous physical activity and accelerometer minutes of vigorous physical activity for the 7 days (r = 0.568, P < 0.01) and corresponding 3 days (r = 0.493, P < 0.05) of monitoring.Conclusions:  A validity coefficient has been established for the 3dPAR questionnaire when measuring total and vigorous physical activity in females aged 12–14 years over a 3‐day period. It is anticipated that this study will assist in familiarising the occupational therapy field with the 3dPAR questionnaire as a potential self‐report tool to assess and explore the complexity of adolescents’ physical activity.
Polymorphisms of interleukin‐10 and tumour necrosis factor‐α genes are associated with newly diagnosed and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: OH Jae‐Hee , YANG Chul‐Su , NOH Yeon‐Kyeong , KWEON Yu‐Mi , JUNG Sung‐Soo , SON Ji Woong , KONG Suck‐Jun , YOON Jang Uk , LEE Ji‐Sook , KIM Hwa‐Jung , PARK Jeong‐Kyu , JO Eun‐Kyeong , SONG Chang‐Hwa 
Published: June 2007

Background and objectives:  The genetic determinants for developing TB or having recurrent TB are unknown. The present study investigated the relationship between susceptibility to tuberculosis and human tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 genes (IL‐10).Methods:  A case–control study was conducted using two groups of cases—newly diagnosed TB (N‐TB) and recurrent TB (R‐TB)—and a control group.Results:  One hundred and seventeen healthy controls, 80 newly diagnosed TB patients and 65 patients with recurrent TB were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the TNF‐α−308 G/A genotype between the TB patient groups and the controls. The IL‐10 −1082A alleles were markedly over‐represented among the TB patient groups compared with the control subjects, however, there was no significant difference in the IL‐10 genotype frequency between the N‐TB and R‐TB patient groups.Conclusion:  The −1082A allele of the IL‐10 gene may be important in determining susceptibility to TB, however, the −308 allele of the TNF‐α gene does not affect differential TB susceptibility.
Efficacy and safety of inhaled ciclesonide compared with chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate in adults with moderate to severe persistent asthma*
Authors: ADACHI Mitsuru , ISHIHARA Kyosuke , INOUE Hiroshi , KUDO Koichiro , TAKAHASHI Kiyoshi , MORITA Yutaka , MASUDA Ken‐Ichi , SAKAI Tomoki , KATO Ryuichi , MIYAMOTO Terumasa 
Published: June 2007

Background and objective:  Inhaled corticosteroids are recognized as first‐line therapy in the management of asthma; however, their use may be limited by systemic and local side‐effects. Ciclesonide, a novel pro‐drug inhaled corticosteroid, is activated in the lungs and is expected to have less systemic and local side‐effects. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ciclesonide in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) compared with beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) in a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) formulation in adult patients with moderate to severe asthma.Methods:  This was a multicentre, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group comparative study. The patients were given 800 μg/day of CFC‐BDP in the four‐week baseline period. After the baseline period, 319 patients were randomly allocated into three groups which, respectively, received HFA‐ciclesonide 400 μg/day (without a spacer), HFA‐ciclesonide 800 μg/day (without spacer) and CFC‐BDP 800 μg/day (with spacer) for the eight‐week treatment period. The primary efficacy variable was morning PEF.Results:  The morning PEF increased by 16.02 L/min in the 400 μg HFA‐ciclesonide group, 23.98 L/min in the 800 μg HFA‐ciclesonide group and 5.91 L/min in the 800 μg CFC‐BDP group. Better outcomes were achieved by the use of 800 μg/day of HFA‐ciclesonide compared with 800 μg/day of CFC‐BDP (P = 0.001). There was no difference in adverse events between the groups.Conclusion:  In adult patients with moderate to severe asthma, 800 μg/day of HFA‐ciclesonide was significantly more effective than 800 μg/day of CFC‐BDP. Ciclesonide at doses of 400 μg/day and 800 μg/day was safe and well tolerated.
Cross‐species amplification at microsatellite loci in Australian quolls including the description of five new markers from the Chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii)
Authors: SPENCER PETER B. S. , CARDOSO MARIA , HOW RICHARD A. , WILLIAMS JASON , BUNCE MICHAEL , SCHMITT LINCOLN H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe quolls are the largest native predators remaining on mainland Australia. We describe the cross‐species testing of all available microsatellite loci for representative across the entire distribution of quolls, with the additional characterization of five new microsatellite loci from the Chuditch. All primers produced clear and polymorphic amplification patterns containing between nine and 17 alleles and with high levels of diagnostic variability. These highly polymorphic primers make them useful additional tools in planning conservation strategies across related conspecifics, many of which are under threat.
kakusan: a computer program to automate the selection of a nucleotide substitution model and the configuration of a mixed model on multilocus data
Authors: TANABE AKIFUMI S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe application of different substitution models to each gene (a.k.a. mixed model) should be considered in model‐based phylogenetic analysis of multigene sequences. However, a single molecular evolution model is still usually applied. There are no computer programs able to conduct model selection for multiple loci at the same time, though several recently developed types of software for phylogenetic inference can handle mixed model. Here, I have developed computer software named ‘kakusan’ that enables us to solve the above problems. Major running steps are briefly described, and an analysis of results with kakusan is compared to that obtained with other program.
Introduction
Authors: Croft Stuart 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ‘war on terror’– perhaps how it has led to an ‘age of terror’– has come to dominate many aspects of international relations and indeed of relations between the state and the citizen since the ‘defining moment’ of the 2001 attacks. This special issue examines whether there is an ‘age of terror’, and if so, how that ‘age of terror’ has led to new approaches and to new thinking on the part of Western states and establishments by drawing on the UK's experience in Northern Ireland, the nature of collaboration on counter-terrorism across the European Union and in thinking about the implications of terrorism for strategy. State approaches are critiqued, and alternatives suggested, in thinking about the relationship between human rights and the ‘war on terror’, and indeed in reconceptualizing the study of terrorism. In the final articles of this issue alternative and non-state critiques, approaches and analyses are developed.
Hibernoma in the Left Scapula
Authors: Sugiura Keiji , Sugiura Mariko , Hayakawa Ritsuko , Shamoto Mikihiro 
Published: June 2007

A 42‐year‐old man experienced a tumor in the left scapula area a few years ago. Because he had no objective symptoms such as fever, pain, or restriction of movement, he ignored the tumor and left it untreated. In November of 2000 he discovered that the tumor was growing larger, and began to fear that it was malignant. He presented to the Department of Environmental Dermatology at Nagoya University School of Medicine in December of 2000. We observed a clear outline, a long elliptical shaped tumor in his left scapula area. The tumor was soft, but not adhesive to the surrounding tissue or accompanied by inflammation. We proposed that he should have surgery under a local anesthetic to excise and diagnose the tumor. The excised tumor had a brown and gray capsule (Figure 1) and was approximately 7x5x2 cm. The tumor was a broad bean‐shaped, kidney‐like form. Histopathologic findings (routine hematoxylin‐eosin stain) revealed an eosinophilic capsule around the tumor cells. The tumor had a lobular structure, and was composed of lipid‐free cells (eosinophilic granular cell), multivacuolated cells, univacuolated cells, and some blood vessels (Figure 2). There were no mitotic cells, nuclear atypia, nor lipoblastoma. From the above pathologic findings, we diagnosed the tumor as hibernoma. Removed tumor image Histopathologic findings (hematoxylin‐eosin stain, original magnification x 200) image
Familial Epidermolysis Bullosa With Aplasia Cutis Congenita: Bart's Syndrome?
Authors: Benvenuto Cristiane , Kraemer Christine K. , Kruse Ricardo L. , Cestari Tania F. 
Published: June 2007

A boy was born at term to a 39‐year‐old mother after an uneventful pregnancy. On examination, soon after birth, he presented an erythematous ulcerated lesion, covered by a thin membrane, affecting the right leg and foot. The borders of the ulcer showed active granulation and small superficial vessels could be visualized underlying the defect. His left hallux was hypoplastic with anonychia. All other foot nails were dystrophic (Figure 1). Other than the skin defect, the child had no added defects or abnormalities. The histopathology of a biopsy taken from the periphery of the lesion demonstrated dermal‐epidermal junction detachment, suggestive of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) (Figure 2). A study of the pedigree of his family revealed, including the patient, eight affected members, four women (his sister, his mother, his mother's mother, and his mother's half‐sister) and four men (the patient himself, his two first cousins, and his mother's grandfather) (Figure 3). The patient's mother reported the same problem at birth, affecting the same leg, and showed no surprise when the physicians gave her the baby. She, and both of the patient's cousins, had active lesions of epidermolysis bullosa, the mother on her legs and the two cousins on their hands, caused by trauma (Figure 4). The patient's 12‐year‐old sister also had aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) (with similar lesions on the right leg) and EB. The management was conservative, and the patient was maintained under careful monitoring, with progressive healing of the lesion. After 2 months, reepithelization was complete and milia were prominent over the scar (Figure 5). On the 1‐year follow‐up exam, the child presented normal physical and neurologic development, without new cutaneous lesions except those induced by skin fragility just like his older sister and all affected family members. Right leg and foot showing an erythematous ulcerated lesion and a hypoplastic hallux with anonychia image Biopsy histopathology: detachment of the dermal‐epidermal junction image Pedigree of the patient's family with eight affected members: the patient himself, his sister, his mother, his mother's mother, his mother's half‐sister, his two first cousins (who were brothers), and his mother's mother's father image Patient's mother's right leg: active lesion of epidermolysis bullosa resultant from local trauma image Right leg and foot after 3 months of progressive healing of the lesion: complete reepithelization and prominent milia over the scar image
Evaluating Patient Acceptance of a Teledermatology Link of an Urban Urgent‐Care Dermatology Clinic Run by Residents With Board Certified Dermatologists
Authors: Scheinfeld Noah , Fisher Michael , Genis Paul , Long Heather 
Published: June 2007

Background. A teledermatology system was established in a dermatology urgent‐care clinic staffed by dermatology residents in the emergency department. These residents had previously lacked attending dermatology supervision.
Methods and Patients. Resident physicians took digital pictures of patients' lesions and downloaded the images onto a network personal computer (PC). The images were stored on the hospital's server and then viewed within 5 minutes by an attending dermatologist, in a different location, using a network PC with monitor. Resident and attending physicians discussed the cases over the telephone. Patient acceptance was assessed via separate written surveys. Fifty‐one patients, approximately 10 resident physicians, and two attending dermatologists participated in the study.
Results. Patient acceptance of the teledermatology system was high (93%.) Teledermatology May prove a viable means of evaluating dermatologic complaints in the emergency department.
Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura in an Adult
Authors: Micki N. Ly , Thomas S. Breza 
Published: June 2007

A 35‐year‐old white man with no prior illness presented with a 10‐day history of colicky abdominal pain worsened with meals, and back pain. This was followed in 3 days by an asymptomatic purpuric eruption on his ankles and lower extremities, which spread to the elbows and lumbosacral areas. The rash became confluent and palpable at the time of presentation. He had some nausea, but no vomiting. He denied fever, chills, weight loss, cough, arthritis, diarrhea, melena, dysuria, visual problems, and upper respiratory tract or other infectious symptoms. He was initially prescribed ranitidine for the abdominal pain, which did not provide relief. The patient was on no other medications. Clinical examination revealed an afebrile and uncomfortable man with abdominal pain and backache. Skin examination showed innumerable 3–5‐mm nonblanching palpable purpuric lesions on the lower extremities especially at the ankles, elbows, and lumbosacral areas (Figures 1 & 2). There was mild edema at the knees and ankles. The abdominal examination revealed diffuse tenderness on palpation, but there was no guarding or rebound tenderness. There were no oral lesions. Stool guaiac examination was negative. Routine hematoxylin‐eosin staining of the skin biopsy specimen revealed a necrotizing leukocytoclastic vasculitis with neutrophils (Figure 3). Direct immunofluorescence staining revealed a +3/3 intense granular immunoglobulin (Ig) A and C3 staining of the cutaneous vasculature (Figure 4). Laboratory examination showed normal complete blood count, platelet, metabolic profile, and liver function tests, coagulation studies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lipase, amylase, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, antinuclear antibody, antistreptolysin‐O titer, rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulin, complement tests, serum electroprotein phoresis, and viral hepatitis A, B, and C serologies. The urine analysis showed mild proteinuria. The acute abdominal series and abdominal ultrasound were essentially normal. The patient was treated initially with intravenous methylprednisolone 60 mg q.d. with marked improvement of the abdominal pain and gradual fading of the lesions. He was eventually tapered off oral prednisone 40 mg q.d. over the next 7 weeks. Attempts to taper the prednisone quickly resulted in worsening abdominal pain and reappearance of the palpable purpura. Two months later, the patient's rash was cleared, and he is being monitored for possible renal complications.
Hematoxylin‐eosin stain of skin biopsy showing leukocytoclastic vasculitis with neutrophils image Direct immunofluorescence stain of skin biopsy showing a +3/3 intense granular immunoglobulin A and C3 staining of the cutaneous vasculature image
Persistent Erythema, Telangiectases, and Facial Flushing After Carcinoid Tumor Excision
Authors: Barbara Giomi , Carla Cardinali , Marzia Caproni , Paolo Fabbri 
Published: June 2007

A 26‐year‐old woman with an uneventful family medical history presented for evaluation and treatment of a facial dermatosis of 6 years duration. Examination revealed an intense erythema symmetrically distributed over her face, with a particularly marked involvement of the forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin and an evident sparing around the eyes (Figure 1). On the zygomatic prominences, arborizing telangiectases could also be observed (Figure 2). Cervical and submandibular lymph nodes were not palpable. The patient complained of a burning sensation and referred to day‐to‐day fluctuation in reddening, together with recurrent severe flushing episodes of the same areas, sometimes induced by heat, emotion, or gustatory stimuli such as hot beverages and highly spiced foods. The persistent erythema had developed in the previous 4 months, while facial flushing, initially subsiding between attacks, had appeared first in 1995. In the same period, the patient had also suffered from abdominal pain, chronic watery diarrhea, and paroxysmal hypotension. One year later she had undergone appendectomy following acute appendicitis. Anatomicopathological and immunohistochemical assessments revealed the presence of a carcinoid tumor about 4 cm in diameter, showing positive staining for neuronal specific enolase, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. Shortly after surgical intervention, laboratory investigation documented normal plasma and platelet serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) and normal urinary 5‐hydroxyin‐dolacetic acid (5‐HIAA) levels. Furthermore, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging excluded metastatic disease in the liver, and echocardiography was within normal limits. The patient observed a rapid improvement of systemic symptoms that vanished in a few weeks, but continued suffering from cutaneous flushing and progressively developed the facial erythrosis. During the hospitalization, serum levels of serotonin and its metabolite were repeatedly normal: total 5‐HT=124 ng/mL (normal range, 90–180); platelet 5‐HT=567 ng/109 platelets (normal range, 200–600); urinary 5‐HIAA=3.2 mg/24 hours (normal range, 2–6). Histamine also showed normal blood levels. Anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibodies were slightly increased (30 U/mL; normal value <15 U/mL). Instrumental investigations (computed tomography of abdomen and chest) performed to discover metastatic spread or carcinoid multicentricity were all negative again. Based on the anamnestic and clinical findings, a diagnosis of facial flushing and erythemato‐telangiectatic rosacea due to preexistent carcinoid was established. The patient was started on metronidazole gel 1% and referred to an internal medicine follow‐up program. After 1 month, the facial erythema had markedly reduced.
Intense erythema of the forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin with sparing around the eyes image Arborizing telangiectases of the zygomatic prominences image