bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing left-handed heavy neutral leptons in the Vector Scotogenic Model
Authors: Paulo Areyuna C. , Zamora-Saa Jilberto , Zerwekh Alfonso R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, we consider an extension to the Standard Model composed by a Massive Vector Doublet under SU(2)L and a Left-handed Heavy Neutral Lepton. We study the production of these exotic leptons with the Same Flavor Opposite Sign standard lepton pair, and jets, considering Drell-Yan and Vector Boson Fusion as independent cases. We find that for the latter, the dilepton angular distribution is different enough from the background to use it as a smoking-gun for our model. Based on this fact, we establish limits on the parameter space considering previous experimental searches in this final state.
An Optimal Control Approach to the Problem of the Longest Self-Supporting Structure
Authors: Vecchiato Giacomo , Palladino Michele , Marcati Pierangelo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe characterization of the self-supporting slender structure with the furthest length is of interest both from a mechanical and biological point of view. Indeed, from a mechanical perspective, this classical problem was developed and studied with different methods, for example using similarity solutions and stable manifolds. However, none of them led to a complete analytical solution. On the other hand, plant structures such as tree branches or searcher shoots in climbing plants can be considered elastic cantilevered beams. In this paper, we formulate the problem as a non-convex optimisation problem with mixed state constraints. The problem is solved by analysing the corresponding relaxation. With this method, it is possible to obtain an analytical characterization of the cross-section
Unintended dural tears during unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar surgery: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Yu Hang , Zhao Qingzhong , Lv Jianwei , Liu Jianjun , Zhu Bin , Chen Lei , Jing Juehua , Tian Dasheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
An unintended dural tear (DT) is the most common intraoperative complication of lumbar spine surgery. The unilateral biportal endoscopic technique (UBE) has become increasingly popular for treating various degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine; however, the DT incidence and risk factors specific to UBE remain undetermined. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of DTs in UBE.

Method
Data from all patients who underwent UBE for degenerative lumbar spinal diseases from November 2018 to December 2021 at our institution were used to assess the effects of demographics, diagnosis, and type of surgery on unintended DT risk.

Results
Overall, 24/608 patients (3.95%) experienced DTs and were treated with primary suture repair or bed rest. Although several patients experienced mild symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, no serious postoperative sequelae such as nerve root entrapment, meningitis, or intracranial hemorrhage occurred. Additionally, no significant correlations were identified between DT and sex (P = 0.882), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.758), smoking status (P = 0.506), diabetes (P = 0.672), hypertension (P = 0.187), or surgeon experience (P = 0.442). However, older patients were more likely to experience DT than younger patients (P = 0.034), and patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) were more likely to experience DT than patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) (P = 0.035). Additionally, DT was more common in revision versus primary surgery (P < 0.0001) and in unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression (ULBD) versus unilateral decompression (P = 0.031). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, LSS, ULBD, and revision surgery were significant risk factors for DT.

Conclusions
In this UBE cohort, we found that the incidence of DT was 3.95%. Additionally, older age, LSS, ULBD, and revision surgery significantly increased the risk of DT in UBE surgery.
Genomic evidence for the suitability of Göttingen Minipigs with a rare seizure phenotype as a model for human epilepsy
Authors: Najafi Pardis , Reimer Christian , Gilthorpe Jonathan D. , Jacobsen Kirsten R. , Ramløse Maja , Paul Nora-Fabienne , Simianer Henner , Tetens Jens , Falker-Gieske Clemens 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is a complex genetic disorder that affects about 2% of the global population. Although the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures can be reduced by a range of pharmacological interventions, there are no disease-modifying treatments for epilepsy. The development of new and more effective drugs is hindered by a lack of suitable animal models. Available rodent models may not recapitulate all key aspects of the disease. Spontaneous epileptic convulsions were observed in few Göttingen Minipigs (GMPs), which may provide a valuable alternative animal model for the characterisation of epilepsy-type diseases and for testing new treatments. We have characterised affected GMPs at the genome level and have taken advantage of primary fibroblast cultures to validate the functional impact of fixed genetic variants on the transcriptome level. We found numerous genes connected to calcium metabolism that have not been associated with epilepsy before, such as ADORA2B, CAMK1D, ITPKB, MCOLN2, MYLK, NFATC3, PDGFD, and PHKB. Our results have identified two transcription factor genes, EGR3 and HOXB6, as potential key regulators of CACNA1H, which was previously linked to epilepsy-type disorders in humans. Our findings provide the first set of conclusive results to support the use of affected subsets of GMPs as an alternative and more reliable model system to study human epilepsy. Further neurological and pharmacological validation of the suitability of GMPs as an epilepsy model is therefore warranted.
Magnetic resonance imaging scoring system of the lower limbs in adult patients with suspected idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Gramegna Laura Ludovica , Rinaldi Rita , Belotti Laura Maria Beatrice , Vignatelli Luca , Sighinolfi Giovanni , Papa Valentina , Costa Roberta , D’Angelo Roberto , Bianchini Claudio , Graziano Claudio , Cirignotta Lorenzo , Mule Rita , Manners David Neil , Tonon Caterina , Cenacchi Giovanna , Lodi Raffaele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aim to propose a visual quantitative score for muscle edema in lower limb MRI to contribute to the diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).

Material and methods
We retrospectively evaluated 85 consecutive patients (mean age 57.4 ± 13.9 years; 56.5% female) with suspected IIM (muscle weakness and/or persistent hyper-CPK-emia with/without myalgia) who underwent MRI of lower limbs using T2-weighted fast recovery-fast spin echo images and fat-sat T2 echo planar images. Muscle inflammation was evaluated bilaterally in 11 muscles of the thigh and eight muscles of the leg. Edema in each muscle was graded according to a four-point Likert-type scale adding up to 114 points ([11 + 8)] × 3 × 2). Diagnostic accuracy of the total edema score was explored by assessing sensitivity and specificity using the area under the ROC curve. Final diagnoses were made by a multidisciplinary Expert Consensus Panel applying the Bohan and Peter diagnostic criteria whenever possible.

Results
Of the 85 included patients, 34 (40%) received a final diagnosis of IIM (IIM group) while 51 (60%) received an alternative diagnosis (non-IIM group). A cutoff score ≥ 18 was able to correctly classify patients having an IIM with an area under the curve of 0.85, specificity of 96%, and sensitivity of 52.9%.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that a quantitative MRI score for muscle edema in the lower limbs (thighs and legs) aids in distinguishing IIM from conditions that mimic it.
An Allard-type boundary regularity theorem for $2d$ minimizing currents at smooth curves with arbitrary multiplicity
Authors: De Lellis Camillo , Nardulli Stefano , Steinbrüchel Simone 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider integral area-minimizing 2-dimensional currents $T$
T
in $U\subset \mathbf {R}^{2+n}$
U
⊂

R

2
+
n

with $\partial T = Q\left [\!\![{\Gamma }\right ]\!\!]$
∂
T
=
Q

〚
Γ
〛

, where $Q\in \mathbf {N} \setminus \{0\}$
Q
∈
N
∖
{
0
}
and $\Gamma $
Γ
is sufficiently smooth. We prove that, if $q\in \Gamma $
q
∈
Γ
is a point where the density of $T$
T
is strictly below $\frac{Q+1}{2}$

Q
+
1

2

, then the current is regular at $q$
q
. The regularity is understood in the following sense: there is a neighborhood of $q$
q
in which $T$
T
consists of a finite number of regular minimal submanifolds meeting transversally at $\Gamma $
Γ
(and counted with the appropriate integer multiplicity). In view of well-known examples, our result is optimal, and it is the first nontrivial generalization of a classical theorem of Allard for $Q=1$
Q
=
1
. As a corollary, if $\Omega \subset \mathbf {R}^{2+n}$
Ω
⊂

R

2
+
n

is a bounded uniformly convex set and $\Gamma \subset \partial \Omega $
Γ
⊂
∂
Ω
a smooth 1-dimensional closed submanifold, then any area-minimizing current $T$
T
with $\partial T = Q \left [\!\![{\Gamma }\right ]\!\!]$
∂
T
=
Q

〚
Γ
〛

is regular in a neighborhood of $\Gamma $
Γ
.
Developing a Radiomics Atlas Dataset of normal Abdominal and Pelvic computed Tomography (RADAPT)
Authors: Kapetanou Elisavet , Malamas Stylianos , Leventis Dimitrios , Karantanas Apostolos H. , Klontzas Michail E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAtlases of normal genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been published in an attempt to understand the biological phenotype in health and disease and to set the basis of comprehensive comparative omics studies. No such atlas exists for radiomics data. The purpose of this study was to systematically create a radiomics dataset of normal abdominal and pelvic radiomics that can be used for model development and validation. Young adults without any previously known disease, aged > 17 and ≤ 36 years old, were retrospectively included. All patients had undergone CT scanning for emergency indications. In case abnormal findings were identified, the relevant anatomical structures were excluded. Deep learning was used to automatically segment the majority of visible anatomical structures with the TotalSegmentator model as applied in 3DSlicer. Radiomics features including first order, texture, wavelet, and Laplacian of Gaussian transformed features were extracted with PyRadiomics. A Github repository was created to host the resulting dataset. Radiomics data were extracted from a total of 531 patients with a mean age of 26.8 ± 5.19 years, including 250 female and 281 male patients. A maximum of 53 anatomical structures were segmented and used for subsequent radiomics data extraction. Radiomics features were derived from a total of 526 non-contrast and 400 contrast-enhanced (portal venous) series. The dataset is publicly available for model development and validation purposes.
Artificial intelligent Global Online Learning (GOL) theory by generalized n-ary fuzzy relation
Authors: Amini Abbas , Firouzkouhi Narjes , Nazari Marziyeh , Ghareeb Nader , Cheng Chun , Davvaz Bijan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFollowing the devastating COVID pandemic, a new global strategy is required to switch from traditional education to blended or online learning method. Nevertheless, there is no adamant theoretical base available for such an important transition or similar situations in the future. On the other hand, educational systems encounter uncertainty as an integral part of multilayered teaching routes. To analyze the interactions among interconnected entities, soft computing methodologies can serve as an efficient tool to manage such systems with uncertain information through incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for assessing students performances. Nevertheless, the classical binary fuzzy relation and other existing theoretical models are not capable of explaining/configuring uncertain-based datum for multiplex correlations. To fill these gaps, the present study establishes a neoteric AI-base “Global Online Learning (GOL) theory” using the newly developedn-ary relation andn-ary fuzzy relation as the generalization of classical and binary fuzzy relations. Through the enhanced mathematical concepts and intelligent soft computing techniques, the convoluted multilayer relationships of entities can be punctiliously assessed for different values of n. Furthermore, a network-based perspective is proposed as a promising systematic model when systems are imperfect and prone to uncertainty. In the provided graphical context, then-ary relation represents the hypergraph pattern, while then-ary fuzzy relation refers to the generalized fuzzy hypergraph model. Fundamental characteristics ofn-ary fuzzy relation, including reflexive, symmetric, transitive, composition,t-cut, support and Cartesian product, are systematically provided to extract mathematical interrelated expressions, as well as parametric connection betweent-cut and Cartesian product. Based on then-ary fuzzy relation, then-ary fuzzy hyperoperation “$$\circ _{\rho }$$∘ρ” is assigned to construct fuzzy hyperalgebra as the extension of classical algebra with illustrative examples. The relationships between fuzzy hyperalgebra and hyperalgebra are investigated through the notation of$$(\circ _{\rho })_{t}$$(∘ρ)tfor$$t\in (0,1].$$t∈(0,1].With the introducedt-cut methodology, the corresponding hypergraph is derived to simplify the analysis of educational information. The AI-base GOL theory provides a solid gadget for learning data management, e.g., the grading evaluation of online assessments, where the evaluation of components is accomplished on real data in terms of fuzzyn-ary relation,t-cut and support through a graphical attitude. The results indicate that the AI-base GOL theory is a robust platform to meticulously manage and control uncertain-based intercorrelated information. This platform can be converted into a coding gadget for artificial intelligent educational online mega-systems.
Development and validation of cryopreserved or freeze-dried decellularized human dermis for transplantation
Authors: Montagner Giulia , Barbazza Antonia , Pant Manvi , Lugas Andrea Tancredi , Serino Gianpaolo , Bignardi Cristina , Terzini Mara , Vantini Andrea , Stefanelli Jacopo , Trojan Diletta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor decades, dermal tissue grafts have been used in various regenerative, reconstructive, and augmentative procedures across the body. To eliminate antigenicity and immunogenic response while still preserving the individual components and collective structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM), dermis can be decellularized. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) products like such are produced to accurately serve diverse clinical purposes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel decellularization protocol of the human dermis, which eliminates residual human genetic material without compromising the biomechanical integrity and collagenous content of the tissue. Moreover, a freeze-drying protocol was validated. The results showed that though our decellularization protocol, human dermis can be decellularized obtaining a biocompatible matrix. The procedure is completely realized in GMP aseptic condition, avoiding tissue terminal sterilization.
A projected-search interior-point method for nonlinearly constrained optimization
Authors: Gill Philip E. , Zhang Minxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper concerns the formulation and analysis of a new interior-point method for constrained optimization that combines a shifted primal-dual interior-point method with a projected-search method for bound-constrained optimization. The method involves the computation of an approximate Newton direction for a primal-dual penalty-barrier function that incorporates shifts on both the primal and dual variables. Shifts on the dual variables allow the method to be safely “warm started” from a good approximate solution and avoids the possibility of very large solutions of the associated path-following equations. The approximate Newton direction is used in conjunction with a new projected-search line-search algorithm that employs a flexible non-monotone quasi-Armijo line search for the minimization of each penalty-barrier function. Numerical results are presented for a large set of constrained optimization problems. For comparison purposes, results are also given for two primal-dual interior-point methods that do not use projection. The first is a method that shifts both the primal and dual variables. The second is a method that involves shifts on the primal variables only. The results show that the use of both primal and dual shifts in conjunction with projection gives a method that is more robust and requires significantly fewer iterations. In particular, the number of times that the search direction must be computed is substantially reduced. Results from a set of quadratic programming test problems indicate that the method is particularly well-suited to solving the quadratic programming subproblem in a sequential quadratic programming method for nonlinear optimization.
Observational Analysis of the Educational Management of Conflicts Between Young Children in the Emmi Pikler Nursery School Using Complementarity of Data Analysis
Authors: Sagastui Jone , Herrán Elena , Anguera M. Teresa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Conflicts are inevitable in interpersonal relationships. In fact, they are usual in early childhood education centers and, thus, many educators consider them readily available educational tools, particularly valuable for children’s social development if they are constructively managed. In this research, we investigate the educational management of conflicts between young children at Emmi Pikler Nursery School in Budapest. In this early childhood education center, conflict is considered vital for children’s socialization, so the educational management of these episodes aims to support children’s resolution strategies and ultimately promote healthy socialization. The study objectives were: (1) to explore the details of the educator’s behavior in the different moments the conflict goes through; (2) to unravel the temporal distribution of the educational intervention; (3) to discover which behaviors from the conflicted children ―victim and instigator― trigger the intervention; and (4) to deepen in the effect of the intervention in children’s immediate behavior. We applied a systematic observation and used three complementary data analysis techniques to meet the objectives: Lag sequential analysis, T-Pattern detection and Polar coordinate analysis. Results indicate that the educator’s relational behavior is adaptive to the phases of the conflict and that there is a structured temporal distribution within them. Regarding children, particular behaviors from victim and instigator trigger the educator’s intervention and this intervention progressively leads to more adapted behaviors in conflicted children. In conclusion, the studied educational management of conflicts between children proves to be optimal in promoting children’s good behavior and in accompanying their socialization process.
Female cancer survivors: sexual function, psychological distress, and remaining fertility
Authors: Reiser Elisabeth , Böttcher Bettina , Ossig Charlotte , Schiller Julia , Tollinger Susanne , Toth Bettina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Improved survivorship in cancer patients leads to new challenging issues including potential impairment of quality of life, sexual function, and fertility. The aim of this study was to assess sexual dysfunction (SD) and psychological distress in female cancer survivors who underwent fertility preservation in the past in comparison to reviewed healthy control data from other published studies. Additionally, our focus was on the difference in SD between women with current desire to get pregnant and already completed family planning.

Methods
In this prospective study, 53 female cancer survivors who underwent fertility preservation at time of cancer diagnosis between 2010 and 2020 were invited to a gynecological exam, laboratory assessment, and two questionnaires (Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)) in 2022. These scores were compared to results in the literature of healthy controls and depending on anti-Mullerian-hormone (AMH) levels, current desire to have a child, and age.

Results
After a mean follow-up time of 70 ± 50 months, SD was detected in 60.4% (n = 32) of the 53 included patients. Normal results regarding HADS-D/anxiety and HADS-D/depression were found in 88.7% and 94.3% of patients, respectively. At time of follow-up, 69.9% (n = 40) regained regular menstrual cycles, 52.6% (n = 20) < 40 years showed a diminished ovarian reserve with AMH levels < 1.1 ng/ml and 28.3% (n = 15) suffered from infertility.

Conclusion
Female cancer survivors may be at risk for SD. Cancer patients should be informed about possible sexual dysfunction already at the start of cancer treatment and during follow-up. In addition, contraception needs to be addressed if regular cycles occur as more than two-thirds of the women regained regular menstrual cycles.
Diffusion in ultra-fine-grained CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing
Authors: Jiang Yao , Liu Yuwei , Zhou Hongbo , Taheriniya Shabnam , Bian Baixue , Rogal Lukasz , Wang Jing Tao , Divinski Sergiy , Wilde Gerhard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGrain boundary diffusion in severely plastically deformed (SPD) CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) has been studied by applying the tracer diffusion technique. After two passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), three untra-fast diffusion paths in ECAP-processed CoCrFeMnNi HEA were distinguished, which were identified with twin boundaries, high-angle grain boundaries and porosity defects. The enhanced diffusivity is induced by a high strain localization in the vicinity of interfaces in a deformation-induced non-equilibrium state that is correlated with the pronounced deformation twinning due to the low stacking fault energy of the material.
An Intuitive, Abductive Argument for a Right against Mental Interference
Authors: Douglas Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral authors have recently claimed that we each possess a right against interference with our minds. However, it remains unclear how this claim is to be justified. I offer a novel argument in defence of it. The argument is intuitive—appealing centrally to intuitions regarding cases—and abductive—taking the form of an inference to the best explanation; I offer a series of cases involving intuitively wrongful interventions, argue that five somewhat promising attempts to account for the wrongfulness of these interventions leave some of this wrongfulness unexplained, and show that my proposed alternative explanation, which invokes a right against mental interference, can account for this residual wrongfulness.