bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WOODFUEL RESOURCES AND THEIR UTILISATION IN MT. ELGON AND CHERANG’ANY HILLS WATER TOWERS OF KENYA
Authors: Oriwo Violet , Namaswa Timothy , Githiomi Joseph , Oduor Nellie 
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to assess the households’ woodfuel sources and their utilisation technologies in Mt. Elgon and Cherang’any Hills Water Towers in Kenya. The two ecosystems were purposively sampled based on various factors, which included diverse ecological conditions and population densities. A total of six counties out of the eleven were sampled based on homogeneity to the ecosystem. The most notable reasons for preferring certain species over others were: species availability, fast growth, good burning characteristic, provision of good timber, and ease of propagation among others. The paper concludes that most households in Mt Elgon and Cherang’any Hills water towers depend on woodfuel for their energy requirements and exotic species were the most preferred. Therefore, there is a need to domesticate national legislation to enhance sector sustainability.
Keywords: biomass, woodfuel, household energy sources, cookstove, preferred tree species
Transesterification of Microalgae from Food Waste via Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Yahya Noor Yahida 
Published: March 2024

Recently, numerous studies have presented the potential of various feedstock of biodiesel catalysed with acid catalysts and its performance. This study examines the potential of microalgae from food waste for biodiesel production by a homogeneous acid catalyst in a transesterification reaction. Initially, lipid was extracted from the microalgae using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. Then, the lipid was transesterified using a sulphuric acid catalyst under different conditions to decide the optimum condition. About 50% of the lipid was extracted from the microalgae when 400 W of microwave power was used for 15 minutes. The biodiesel yield of 76% has been attained from transesterifying the extracted lipid with methanol using 9:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio, 2.5 wt% of catalyst dosage for 3 hours at 65°C. Overall, this study has shown the potential of microalgae from food waste as one of the options for biodiesel’s feedstock catalysed by acid.
Keywords: Biodiesel, food waste, microalgae, transesterification, acid catalyst, microwave assisted extraction (MAE)
The Implementation of Waste Biomass Substrates as Feedstock for The Production of Bio-Electricity Through Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCS): A Short Review
Authors: Prasad Rajesh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Lignocellulosic biomass plays a pivotal role in sustainable energy production, with a focus on indirect biomass fuel cells (IDBFC) and direct biomass fuel cells (DBFC). IDBFCs require the initial conversion of biomass into simpler forms like sugars, biogas, syngas, or biocharfor subsequent electricity generation. In contrast, DBFCs offer a more direct approach, generating electricity from biomass without intermediate steps. Lignocellulosic biomass, composed of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, has diverse applications, from bioethanolto direct electricity generation. However, the complex composition of lignocellulosic compounds, including carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur, poses challenges for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis, a crucial factor in achieving high power density inMicrobial Fuel Cells (MFCs). MFCs use microorganisms to convert substrates into electricity, influenced by factors like substrate degradation rate, circuit resistance, electron transfer rates, proton mass transfer, electrode materials, and operational conditions. The selection of proper electrode materials is vital for optimising MFC performance. At the heart of MFC performance are electricigens, microorganisms facilitating electron transfer from biomass to the anode through direct or indirect mechanisms. Direct electron transfer (DET), relying on physical contact between microorganism membranes and the anode, is preferred for its efficiency and eco-friendliness. The paper also explores the importance of nutrient supplements (macro and micro) in enhancing bio-methane production and process stability in agro-industrial biogas mono-digestion plants. Nutrient balance significantly affects microbial generation time, degradation rates, and gas production in anaerobic digestion processes. In conclusion, understanding the intricate interplay between lignocellulosic biomass energy fuel cells, electricigens, and their performance factors is crucial for advancing sustainable energy production. MFCs show promise in utilising sludge and various waste biomasses, positioning them as practical, reliable, and versatile power sources in the evolving landscape of renewable energy technologies.
Keywords: Lignocellulosic waste, bioenergy, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), electricigens
Assessment of Forestry Residues Potential for Off-Grid Electrification in The Republic of Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Balagueman Rodrigue Ogoulonou , Assèdé Eméline Sêssi Pélagie , Agassounon Bill Mahougnon , Moumouni-Moussa Ismail , Effah Bernard , Honoré Biaou Samadori Sorotori 
Published: March 2024

This study assessed the potential of forestry residues for off-grid electrification in the Republic of Benin while accounting for the spatial variation of residues potential and their use impact on local biodiversity. We found significant spatial variation of residues potential, with a much higher surplus residues in the north (3,599.05 tons/year) compared to the south (457.79 tons/year). This discrepancy might result from the spatial difference in geographical variables across the two regions. A maximum electricity potential of 100,259,786 kWh can be generated from the theoretical potential of residues which falls short of satisfying the estimated national off-grid electricity demand of 443,916,975 kWh. The research also highlighted the positive influence of wood processing technology and diversity of processed wood species on residues potential. The two variables may be targeted by policymakers to tailor actions for enhancing local transition towards renewable energy. Using scenarios-based projections, our study prompt the conclusion that forestry residues can be used sustainably for off-grid electrification with a minimal impact on biodiversity. Combining the surplus residues from wood processing industries with energy plantations may optimize forestry residues mobilization for off-grid electrification.
Keywords: wood residues, biomass-electricity, off-grid power, sustainability
Antioxidant Activity of Alcoholic Beverages Made From Various Cereal Grains Using Koji Made with Thai Amylomyces Rouxii YTH3 as Saccharifying Agent
Authors: Kawano Yoshitsugu , Saigusa Noriaki , Yuwa-amornpitak Thalisa , Teramoto Yuji 
Published: March 2024

Microbial starter called koji in Japanese was made with fungal strain Amylomyces rouxii YTH3 isolated from Thai microbial starter, loog pang. Koji made with A. rouxii YTH3 was applicable for saccharifying agent for ethanol fermentation. Novel alcoholic beverage was made from various cereal grains and this koji, and analyzed. Ethanol concentration, pH and acidity were 8.2 to 10.8% (v/v), 3.5 to 4.4 and 3.0 to 5.2 ml. An alcoholic beverage made from black rice (Oryza sativa var. Japonica cv. Shiun) having anthocyanin showed brilliant red color. An alcoholic beverage made from black rice showed rather a higher antioxidant activity comparing other alcoholic beverage. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the alcoholic beverage made from black rice was around 1800 µM Trolox equivalent, while other alcoholic beverages were 300 to 600 µM Trolox equivalent.
Keywords: Amylomyces rouxii, loog pang, black rice, alcoholic beverage, koji
Biodiesel Production Using Metal Oxide Catalysts under Microwave Heating
Authors: Ikenaga Kazuhiro , Hamada Ayaka , Inoue Takahiro , Kusakabe Katsuki 
Published: March 2024

Biodiesel has been commercially produced by transesterification of triglyceride with homogeneous base catalyst, where the separation of catalysts, glycerol and biodiesel from the product is troublesome. The solid catalyst can be used to resolve the separation problem and available to be reused. In this study metal oxide catalysts (PbO2, MnO2, Bi2O3, Fe3O4, TiO2, Fe2O3) were selected for the transesterification. Purity of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in the products, which is equivalent of FAME yield, was determined for these catalysts under pressurized microwave heating condition (200oC and 1.9 MPa). More than 89% of FAME purity was achieved with PbO2 and MnO2 catalyst for 30 minutes.
Keywords: microwave, biodiesel, high pressure, solid catalyst, metal oxide
Adsorption Behavior of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids on A Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework
Authors: Nagai Anna , Michida Wataru , Sakuragi Mina , Nishida Masashi , Guan Guoqing , Abudula Abuliti , Kusakabe Katsuki 
Published: March 2024

A cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) was crystallized by methanol vapor diffusion. The performance of CD-MOF was compared with commercial available adsorbents (faujasite zeolite, activated carbon and activated clay) for the adsorption of ferulic acid at 298 K in methanol. The adsorption behavior of aromatic carboxylic acids on the CD-MOF was also investigated. The initial adsorption rate of ferulic acid in methanol on the CD-MOF was lower than that for activating carbon and faujasite zeolite, due to the alternating passage of ferulic acid through hydrophilic pore and hydrophobic pore in CD-MOF. The saturated adsorption amount on the CD-MOF was highest among those on the other adsorbents. The high adsorption amount was obtained for aromatic carboxylic acids with high values of pKa(W). A single saturation state of benzoic acid on the CD-MOF was obtained at a concentration of more than 1.0 mmol/L. The molar ratio of benzoic acid to the (γ-CD)6 unit was evaluated to be 4.4 from the saturated adsorption amount.
Keywords: Adsorption, Aromatic Carboxylic Acid, Cyclodextrin, Porous Crystal, Adsorbent
Recent Development and Sustainability of Wind Power Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Bilal Hazrat , Siwar Chamhuri , Mokhtar Mazlin , Ahmad Shakeel 
Published: March 2024

In Pakistan, the wind power sector has gained considerable attention over recent years. However, instead of sufficient renewable energy resources, the share of wind power within the national power generation mix is negligible. The gap between supply and demand has increased significantly (6,000 MW) over the last decade, resulting in an urgent need to assess future supply and demand and consider a feasible, if not sustainable power generation mix. For this reason, the most recent developments in wind power and sustainability were assessed against the selected environmental economic and social indicators. Notably, the wind power sector in Pakistan has gained considerable foreign and local attention in the last five years. Many projects are presently in progress and operational at various stages and locations. Furthermore, it is expected that by 2030, wind power energy generation will constitute more in the country’s power generation mix, more than the planned target of 5% by 2030. There is a high possibility that the utilization of wind for power generation can enhance overall climate change resilience.
Keywords: Power generation, wind power, renewable energy, sustainability
Prospects of Union Based Biogas Plant Model for the Generation of Electricity in Bangladesh
Authors: Zaman Md. Abdullah Al , Amin Rifat , Hasan Tanvir Md. Mehedy , Khalid Ovi Mustofa , Rakhaine Nea Jaw , Nayem Kamrul Hasan , Sifty Sobhana , Barua Sadip , Al Faysal Abdullah , Islam Mazharul , Akhter Tanjina 
Published: March 2024

Biogas is one of the popular forms of renewable energy in Bangladesh. In this paper, the potential of livestock for the generation of biogas has been illustrated. The history of biogas plants, related activities and electricity generation from biogas in Bangladesh has also been discussed. Based on the potential, the union based biogas plant model has been presented and described how it would work. Three different divisions of Bangladesh have been considered for evaluating the potential and viability of this model. Under this model, each union can contribute 0.09 MW of electricity, and in total 161 MW of electricity can be generated in those divisions. This model can be handy for rural development but will be very challenging to implement and several factors required to be checked before the installations.
Keywords: energy, history, biogas, unions, livestock, conversion, challenges
An Evaluation Of Offshore Wind Renewable Energy Performance In Malaysia
Authors: Sharuddin Nor Nadia Syahidah , Ng Cheng Yee , Tuhaijan Siti Nor Adha , John Kurian V , Wong Li Wah 
Published: March 2024

The effort in finding the potential of renewable energy in Malaysia is essential due to the problem of global warming and the rise of energy demand. As time passes, these problems become severe and start to create a significant concern. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wind energy in Malaysia as a step ahead for the application of renewable energy to overcome the problems mentioned above. A software simulation using ANSYS was performed to evaluate wind energy performance by adopting the wind speed profile data for offshore locations in Malaysia. Based on these data, the potential sites for offshore wind energy development were assessed and proposed by the criteria of wind pressure in the rotor, wind velocity in the rotor, and the total power generation. The results show that Kijal, Kuala Terengganu, Kudat and Kota Kinabalu measure the greatest wind energy by the high wind pressure and velocity.
Keywords: Offshore wind energy, Offshore Malaysia, Wind energy performance
Social Practices Required for the Recovery of Cassava Waste for Heat Generation in Thailand
Authors: Prakobboon Natikorn , Vahdati Maria M , Shahrestani Mehdi 
Published: March 2024

Thailand is a dominant supplier of cassava to world markets, supplying around 67% of the global market, resulting in abundant cassava waste. However, farmers typically discard this waste in cassava fields, and thus, it is underutilised as an energy resource. Besides, Thailand’s domestic cassava-based bioethanol plants depend on imported coal to produce heat. To address this challenge, this research investigated the potential for the collection and recovery of cassava waste from farms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Thai cassava farmers. Social practice theory was applied to evaluate the effects of cassava waste collection on Thai cassava farmers’ current agricultural practices. Three Thai cassava agricultural activities— land preparation, fertilisation application and waste management— would be impacted by this new strategy. The connections between each of these potentially affected activities have been discussed and, ultimately, cassava waste collection by Thai cassava growers was proposed as a new practice. This study concluded that the enhanced use of cassava waste for the production of heat and power could potentially help Thailand meet its renewable energy targets in future.
Keywords: cassava waste, farming practices, Thailand
Harvesting of Chlorella Vulgaris Biomass by Using Different Bio-Flocculants: A Comparison Study
Authors: Ying Teh Huey , Suparmaniam Uganeeswary , Lam Man Kee , Uemura Yoshimitsu , Wei Lim Jun , Shi Tan Inn , Kansedo Jibrail , Lim Steven 
Published: March 2024

In the present study, several natural flocculants were extracted from natural resources to harvest Chlorella vulgaris. Jar tests were carried out to evaluate the flocculation efficiencies of the extracted flocculants in harvesting C. vulgaris cells. Chitosan and maize seeds were proven to be effective flocculants as they achieved more than 80 % efficiency after one(1) hour and four (4) hours of sedimentation time, respectively. Under the optimum flocculation conditions of pH 7, 2 mg/L dosage, 120 rpm of stirring speed for chitosan; and pH 3, 450 mg/L of dosage, 15 rpm of stirring speed for maize seeds flocculant; the flocculation efficiencies up to 97.9 % and 84.7 % are able to achieved, respectively. A scale-up study was done to test the flocculation ability of chitosan and maize seeds extracts to harvest 1 L of C. vulgaris. Approximately 97 % and 82 % of flocculation efficiencies were achieved by chitosan and maize seeds flocculants, respectively, under their optimum flocculation conditions. Comparatively, chitosan offer superiority in flocculating C. vulgaris than maize seeds extract in terms of floc size, dosage and sedimentation time.
Keywords: natural flocculant, chitosan, maize seed, microalgae, harvest
One Pot Synthesis of Pineapple Juice Derived - Carbon Quantum Dots and TiO2 Composite for Solar Light Active Photocatalysis
Authors: Sim Lan Ching Lan , Lee Jie Yet , Leong Kah Hon , Chin Yik Heng , Saravanan Pichiah 
Published: March 2024

CDs/TiO2 composites were prepared using pineapple juice as a green precursor through one pot hydrothermal method. The obtained CDs exhibited green-blue fluorescence under UV radiation and abundant of surface functional groups. The absorption spectra of CDs/TiO2-200 and CDs/TiO2-120 was red shifted towards visible and NIR region after loading with CDs. Pure anatase and graphite phase were detected in CDs/TiO2. Insignificant emission peak was observed when CDs were excited with wavelength above 540 nm which demonstrated the absence of upconversion photoluminescence (UCPL) properties in CDs. Both of CDs/TiO2-200 and CDs/TiO2-120 fully degraded BPA solution in 150 and 180 mins, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of both CDs/TiO2-200 and CDs/TiO2-120 were 2.5 times of that using P25 under solar irradiation. The presence of CDs in TiO2 composite effectively suppressed the charge recombination and enhanced visible and NIR light absorption.
Keywords: carbon quantum dots, TiO2, solar light, Bisphenol A, pineapple, green precursor.
Kinetic Study of Lignocellulosic Biomasses Pyrolysis Using Thermogravimetric Analysis
Authors: Aouled Mhemed Hiba , Largeau Jean-francois , Kordoghli Sana , Marin Gallego Mylène , Zagrouba Fethi , Tazerout Mohand 
Published: March 2024

In this work, a kinetic analysis was performed to investigate the energy potential of abundant agricultural residues: date residues, olive stones, and spent coffee grounds. The TGA experiments were carried out from room temperature to 700°C under an inert atmosphere at different heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20°C.min-1. Friedman’s method seems to be the most appropriate because it contains no mathematical approximation that reduces the systematic error. The average activation energies obtained with the Friedman model are 159, 168, 201, and 170 kJ.mol-1 for date stems, date seeds, olive stone, and spent coffee grounds, respectively.
Keywords; agricultural residues, pyrolysis, TGA, model-free, activation energy
GENDER DISPARTIES IN THE IMPACT OF TEACHERS’ PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE ON STUDENTS’ MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Anam Arshad  , Hoorain  , Aeman Ayyub  
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article was to explore the Gender disparities in the impact of Teachers’ Psychological abuse on students’ mental health is considered a key to success and failure in every educational institute. So, every college need to be overcome the impact of teachers’ psychological abuse. It is obvious that mental health is essential to overall health. It is a necessary component of a person's ability to live a happy and meaningful life. Psychological abuse is a type of child maltreatment that can seriously affect a child's mental health. This study was descriptive as well as inferential in nature and categorized survey technique. The questionnaire was used to collect data from participants. The population of this research was students of Public Higher secondary institutes. Sample of this study was 800 students’ male (394) and female (406) female from five Public Higher Secondary institutes. The research scale was developed by the researcher in the light of literature review, peer review, discussion of the supervisor and consultation with subject matter experts. The pilot study was contained 80 students and revealed that the participants did not face any major problem about comprehension of the scale. In the current study the data was utilized of descriptive measures using SPPS version 26 to determine the Descriptive statistics, t-test, least significant Difference (LSD), ANOVA, Regression and Correlations. So, the results are statistically significant. Researchers conclude that the Gender disparities in the impact of Teachers’ Psychological abuse on students’ mental health is significant.
Epoché como abertura ao campo de experiência transcendental em Husserl
Authors: Fontana Vanessa 
Published: March 2024

O presente artigo trata da segunda meditação cartesiana de Edmund Husserl, a conferência: “As meditações cartesianas. Uma introdução à fenomenologia”. Nesta meditação ele estabelece a fundamentação de uma nova ideia do conhecimento, a qual tem como ponto central o conceito do ego (consciência) transcendental. Para alcançar esse campo instaurador de conhecimento, Husserl se inspira em Descartes e estabelece um método para abrir o caminho ao conhecimento transcendental. Este método é chamado de epoché fenomenológica. Alcançado o domínio da auto-experiência transcendental, ou seja, do ego puro, trata-se de fazer a crítica do conhecimento transcendental e explorar esse conhecimento em geral. Quais os componentes da vida da consciência transcendental? Quais as relações entre as vivências intencionais? Como chegar nesse nível de conhecimento puro tão distante da atitude natural e psicológica de mundo? Estes são os temas dessa meditação.
RESILIENSI MASYARAKAT PAMEKASAN MADURA DALAM MENGHADAPI PANDEMI COVID- 19
Authors: Rizqiyah Miftahatur 
Published: March 2024

Virus Corona atau yang dikenal dengan covid-19 adalah zoonotic yang artinya ditularkan antara hewan dan manusia. Covid-19 dapat menyerang siapapun sebab itu perlu adanya ketahanan diri dalam menghadapi pandemic covid-19. Resiliensi adalah kemampuan dan ketahanan seseorang untuk bangkit dari perasaan negatif seperti keterpurukan, kesedihan karena tekanan psikologis tertentu. Resiliensi ditandai dengan adanya kemampuan individu untuk bangkit dari tekanan emosional negatif yang dialami. Resiliensi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti emotion regulation, implus control, Optimist, causal analysis. Empathy, self efficacy, racing out. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti resiliensi masyarakat Madura dalam mengahadapi pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dengan adanya lonjakan pandemi covid-19 di Madura. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi naratif . Hasilnya M dan AY dan MR serta MK memiliki resiliensi yang tinggi dalam menghadapi pandemi covid-19 sehingga resiliensi menjadi salah satu jalan kesembuhan serta untuk mencegah terjangkitnya covid-19.