bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring attentional bias to peripheral facial deformities
Authors: Ishii Lisa , Carey John , Byrne Patrick , Zee David S. , Ishii Masaru 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives:Introduce a novel method for objectively evaluating attentional bias to peripheral facial deformities using an established metric of attention.Methods:The SMI eye‐tracker system (SensoMotoric Inc., Boston, MA) was used to record the eye movement patterns, called scanpaths, of eight naïve observers gazing at pictures of faces with or without peripheral surgical deformities. The scanpaths of observers gazing on those novel faces were compared, and the fixation durations for different facial regions were compared between faces.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the mean fixation times between the faces considered normal and those considered abnormal (those with an obvious defect). When multivariate analysis of variance was performed with dependent variables total fixation time, fixation time in central triangle, and fixation time in the defect region and the independent variable face, all four tests were highly statistically significant. When univariate analysis of variance was performed to test the hypothesis that defect fixation times varied by face, the results were highly statistically significant (F = 8.79, P = .0003).Conclusions:Observers gazing on faces typically focus their attention on discriminating features, such as eyes, nose, and mouth. The well‐established method of eye movement recordings was applied in a novel way to provide quantitative data showing changes in observer gaze patterns to focus on deformities. These gaze patterns are a direct reflection of observer attention. This is the first objective method to quantify the amount of distraction caused by peripheral facial deformities and may provide insight into the perception of facial deformity. Laryngoscope, 119:459–465, 2009
Audiologic and temporal bone imaging findings in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and GJB2 mutations
Authors: Lee Kenneth H. , Larson Daniel A. , Shott Gordon , Rasmussen Brian , Cohen Aliza P. , Benton Corning , Halsted Mark , Choo Daniel , Meinzen‐Derr Jareen , Greinwald John H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Our objectives were to determine genotype‐phenotype correlations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) who undergo testing for GJB2 mutations and to examine the relationship of temporal bone anomalies seen on computed tomography (CT) and GJB2 mutations.Study design:We conducted a retrospective review of all children diagnosed with SNHL and who underwent GJB2 testing from 1997 to 2006.Results:Of 840 patients, 146 (17.4%) had mutations. Seventy‐six (9.1%) had biallelic GJB2 mutations and 70 (8.3%) had heterozygous mutations. When biallelic mutations were categorized as missense or nonsense mutations, the presence of at least one missense mutation was associated with mild or moderate SNHL. Biallelic nonsense mutations were associated with severe to profound SNHL. Among patients with GJB2 mutations, those with heterozygous mutations (n = 14 [20%]) had a higher rate of asymmetric SNHL loss than those with biallelic mutations (n = 6 [7.9%], P = .03). Those with heterozygous mutations were more likely to experience progression than were those with biallelic mutations, though this difference was only marginally significant (26.5% vs. 12.3%, respectively; P = .06). Patients who were wild type for GJB2 were more likely to have an enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) than were those with biallelic and heterozygous mutations (29% vs. 11.9%, respectively; P = .004). Compared to patients who were wild type, those with biallelic mutations had a significantly lower rate of EVA.Conclusions:This is the largest single‐institution study of pediatric patients with GJB2 mutations and SNHL. The functional consequences of GJB2 mutations correlated with the degree of hearing loss. Patients with M34T mutations and/or mild SNHL had a low risk of progression. Temporal bone anomalies were uncommon in patients with GJB2 mutations. Laryngoscope, 119:554–558, 2009
High‐resolution longitudinal assessment of flow and permeability in mouse glioma vasculature: Sequential small molecule and SPIO dynamic contrast agent MRI
Authors: Pike M.M. , Stoops C.N. , Langford C.P. , Akella N.S. , Nabors L.B. , Gillespie G.Y. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe poor prognosis associated with malignant glioma is largely attributable to its invasiveness and robust angiogenesis. Angiogenesis involves host–tumor interaction and requires in vivo evaluation. Despite their versatility, few studies have used mouse glioma models with perfusion MRI approaches, and generally lack longitudinal study design. Using a micro‐MRI system (8.5 Tesla), a novel dual bolus‐tracking perfusion MRI strategy was implemented. Using the small molecule contrast agent Magnevist, dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was implemented in the intracranial 4C8 mouse glioma model to determine Ktrans and ve, indices of tumor vascular permeability and cellularity, respectively. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI was subsequently implemented to assess both cerebral blood flow and volume, using the macromolecular superparamagnetic iron oxide, Feridex, which circumvented tumor bolus susceptibility curve distortions from first‐pass extravasation. The high‐resolution parametric maps obtained over 4 weeks, indicated a progression of tumor vascularization, permeability, and decreased cellularity with tumor growth. In conclusion, a comprehensive array of key parameters were reliably quantified in a longitudinal mouse glioma study. The syngeneic 4C8 intracerebral mouse tumor model has excellent characteristics for studies of glioma angiogenesis. This approach provides a useful platform for noninvasive and highly diagnostic longitudinal investigations of anti‐angiogenesis strategies in a relevant orthotopic animal model. Magn Reson Med 61:615–625, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A convergent multigrid cycle for the hybridized mixed method
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Jayadeep , Tan Shuguang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe consider the application of a variable V‐cycle multigrid algorithm for the hybridized mixed method for second‐order elliptic boundary‐value problems. Our algorithm differs from the previous works on multigrid for the mixed method in that it is targeted at efficiently solving the matrix system for the Lagrange multiplier of the method. Since the mixed method is best implemented by first solving for the Lagrange multiplier and recovering the remaining unknowns locally, our algorithm is more useful in practice. The critical ingredient in the algorithm is a suitable intergrid transfer operator. We design such an operator and prove mesh‐independent convergence of the variable V‐cycle algorithm. Numerical experiments indicating the asymptotically optimal performance of our algorithm, as well as the failure of certain seemingly plausible intergrid transfer operators, are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On impinging near‐field granular jets
Authors: Arbelaez D. , Zohdi T. I. , Dornfeld D. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this work a multibody collision model, amenable to large‐scale computation, is developed to simulate a jet of near‐field grains impinging on a surface. This model is developed by computing momentum exchange for grain–grain and grain–surface interactions. The grain–grain interactions consist of collisions as well as near‐field interactions. The analysis of these flows is separated into three components: (1) volume averaged quantities; (2) average surface tractions; and (3) average outflow conditions. For the surface stress calculations, parametric studies are performed on the properties of the surface and the grains through their coefficients of restitution, the strength of the near‐field interactions, and the angle of attack of the jet. For the outflow calculations the flux of momentum through the simulation space is performed for varying near‐field forces between the grains and varying degrees of surface roughness. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal management and outcome for fetal‐diagnosed intra‐cerebral cystic masses and tumours
Authors: Hayward Richard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe increasing availability and resolution of non‐invasive prenatal imaging has increased our ability to diagnose accurately a wide variety of fetal anomalies. It has also resulted in the serendipitous discovery of ‘lesions’ that may have little clinical impact upon the child's subsequent development although their ability to raise parental anxiety can be great. The purpose of this review is to put the postnatal clinical relevance of some of these findings into their proper context. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormalities of the foetal cerebral cortex
Authors: Toi Ants , Chitayat David , Blaser Susan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrenatal ultrasound has concentrated on readily visible cerebral structures including head size, shape, ventricles, CSP (cavum septi pellucidi), cerebellar size/vermian presence and cisterna magna. However, apart from these easily visible structures it is important to evaluate the brain itself. Patients who initially appear to have mild isolated findings such as borderline ventriculomegaly in fact can have many more subtle findings that significantly alter prognosis and management that can be detected on detailed examination of the brain. There has been rapid evolution in imaging these foetuses, especially with neurosonography and MRI, and a revolution in understanding the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms. There is increasing emphasis to detect cortical abnormalities as early as possible. This article reviews development of the cerebral cortex, the classification, aetiologies and clinical manifestations of cortical disorders, normal and abnormal appearances at ultrasound and MRI, and approaches to investigation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When is fetoscopic release of amniotic bands indicated? Review of outcome of cases treated in utero and selection criteria for fetal surgery
Authors: Hüsler Margaret R. , Wilson R. Douglas , Horii Steven C. , Bebbington Michael W. , Adzick N. Scott , Johnson Mark P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives are to analyze the outcomes of fetal interventions for fetal limb abnormalities associated with amniotic band syndrome (ABS), to compare the outcome with the known natural history, and to establish selection criteria for fetal intervention.Material and MethodsIn a Medline search, six cases of prenatal fetoscopic interventions for ABS were found. An unpublished case was added.ResultsReview of the seven cases of treated ABS in utero suggests that abnormal, but present blood flow at Doppler distal to the area constricted by the band may optimally identify cases suitable for fetal surgery. We propose a prenatal classification in stages of cases of ABS based on ultrasound and Doppler findings. Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) occurred in five patients (71%). The median gestational age (GA) at delivery was 34.8 weeks (range 32 to 39). The median time between procedure and PROM was 6 weeks (range 4 days to 14.3 weeks). The median time between procedure and delivery was 11.8 weeks (range 5–17).ConclusionThe use of a uniform prenatal classification of cases of ABS may allow a more precise correlation of prenatal findings and postnatal outcome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable prenatal diagnosis of Canavan disease by measuring N‐acetylaspartate in amniotic fluid using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Al‐Dirbashi Osama Y. , Kurdi Wesam , Imtiaz Faiqa , Ahmad Asmahan M. , Al‐Sayed Moeenaldeen , Tulbah Maha , Al‐Nemer Maha , Rashed Mohamed S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivePrenatal diagnosis of Canavan disease by measuring N‐acetylaspartic acid (NAA) in amniotic fluid is reliable and preferred over aspartoacylase enzyme assay especially in populations with unknown mutations. Typically based on GC–MS, existing methods are time‐consuming and laborious. We developed a novel LC–MS/MS method for determination of NAA in amniotic fluid with minimal sample preparation.MethodNAA and d3‐NAA were detected by negative‐ion electrospray ionization‐MS/MS. Quantification was achieved by standard addition using six 0.1 mL portions of each specimen enriched with increasing NAA amounts (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 µg) and endogenous NAA was calculated by extrapolation.ResultsInjection‐to‐injection time was 2 min whereas the turn around time from sample receipt was about 1 h. Intraday (n = 10) and interday (n = 10) variations were less than 9.4%. The reference range determined using gestation‐matched controls (n = 12) of 1.1–2.7 µmol/L is in agreement with the literature. Specimens from at‐risk pregnancies with established diagnosis (n = 4) were successfully analyzed.ConclusionWe developed a new method that enables reliable, sensitive, and selective determination of NAA in a small volume of amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of Canavan disease. The simple sample preparation adopted in this work precluded the necessity for extraction and derivatization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of community‐acquired pneumonia and the use of statins, ace inhibitors and gastric acid suppressants: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: Myles Puja R. , Hubbard Richard B. , McKeever Tricia M. , Pogson Zara , Smith Christopher J. P. , Gibson Jack E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPurposePrevious studies have shown that treatment with gastric acid suppressants may be associated with an increased risk of pneumonia whilst the use of statins and ACE inhibitors (ACEI) may decrease the risk of acquiring pneumonia. The evidence is conflicting however. Our aim was to investigate the effect of these drugs on pneumonia using population‐based data from the UK.MethodsWe conducted a general population‐based case–control study using the health improvement network (THIN), a comprehensive UK general practice database. Conditional multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between the exposures and pneumonia.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a current prescription for statins was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of pneumonia (adjusted OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.94). Similarly, a current prescription for ACEI was associated with a reduction in the risk of pneumonia (adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86). Contrary to previous study results we did not find a significant association between current prescription for histamine 2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and pneumonia risk (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.92–1.40) but current prescriptions for proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were associated with an increased risk of pneumonia (adjusted OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.38–1.77).ConclusionsStatins and ACE inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of pneumonia but these effects were smaller than those observed in previous studies. People prescribed a PPI, but not an H2RA at an increased risk of acquiring pneumonia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New ways of working with primary care: proactive CMHT or polyclinic?
Authors: de Silva Prasanna 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInterface activity between primary and secondary care is being increasingly seen as an essential feature of high‐quality, safe mental health services. In this article, Dr de Silva compares a proactive community mental health team (CMHT) approach with that of a mental health polyclinic for the assessment and triage of new referrals for depression, cognitive problems and medically unexplained symptoms, with reference to the model used in his own service in Whitby. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Medicine taking behaviour in depression – part 1
Authors: Feetam Celia 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this,the first of two articles,poor adherence with antidepressant treatment and the effect on outcome are explored.The factors important in the selection of an antidepressant are also considered. In the second article, treatment variables that may affect adherence will be examined alongside various interventions that have been proposed to improve medicine taking behaviour in patients with depression. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Multidisciplinary group treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Belgamwar Ravindra B , Jorsh MS , Knisely‐Marpole A , Snowden H , Mayall E , Singhal A , Jones JM 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIt is estimated that between 0.2 and 0.4 per cent of the population suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Service provision varies across the UK, and while there is a good evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise programmes, the evidence for group interventions is still limited. Here, the authors describe the results of their service evaluation of a group treatment programme for CFS/ME. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Engineering host resistance against parasitic weeds with RNA interference
Authors: Yoder John I , Gunathilake Pradeepa , Wu Biao , Tomilova Natalya , Tomilov Alexey A 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHost genetic resistance is a key component of integrated pest management. The present authors and others are investigating the use of RNA interference (RNAi) as a genetic tool for engineering host resistance against parasitic weeds. The general approach is to transform a host plant with a plasmid encoding a double stranded hairpin RNA (hpRNA) targeted against one or more vital parasite genes. When the hpRNAs are specifically designed against parasite gene sequences, the hpRNA should have no phenotypic effect on the host. They will, however, have a dramatic effect on the parasites that have taken up the parasite‐specific RNAi from the host via the haustorium. The current status of using RNAi technology for controlling parasitic weeds is reviewed. A key component to success with RNAi technology is identifying the best parasite genes to silence. Some of the criteria for RNAi targets are discussed, the existing status of parasitic plant sequence databases is described and internet access points to the parasite genome data are highlighted. Sequence information obtained from different parasite species can be used to clone the homologous gene from a particular pest or can be directly transformed into crop plants. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Reconsidering the migration–development link: capability and livelihood in Filipina experiences of domestic work in Paris
Authors: Briones Leah 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDrawing from the experiences of Filipina domestic workers in Paris, this paper reconsiders the migration–development relationship in order to inform current research and policy on the protection of migrant domestic workers. The paper employs Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach to explicate the migrant workers' experience as dynamically produced through the interconnection of their migration with development processes. The paper shows how it is through the evaluation and promotion of migrant domestic workers' capabilities that current approaches can secure rights along with sustainable livelihood choices at the immediate, individual migrant worker level, as well as in the long term, at state and global levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Care worker migration, Australia and development
Authors: Hugo Graeme 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLow fertility and ageing in high‐income countries will greatly increase their demands for aged care workers which are unlikely to be met from within internal labour markets. It is likely that immigration will be increasingly used to meet these labour needs. This paper analyses the situation in Australia where the number of aged care workers needed will triple over the next quarter of a century. It is shown that most such workers do not qualify for immigration under the existing skill‐driven regime. It is argued that careful consideration needs to be given to the development of a circular migration programme to partially meet these needs. Such a scheme would involve a conceptual leap by the Australian government, but there is sufficient time to develop and test a best‐practice model for such migration. This could potentially deliver a ‘triple bottom line’ not only to meet Australia's needs, but also protect the rights of and ensure benefits to the migrant workers, and assist development in home nations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The complex interconnections of the migration–development nexus: a social perspective
Authors: Piper Nicola 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe contributions to this Special Issue focus on marginalised and neglected social issues associated with the migration–development nexus. It reports research on specific groups of migrants who have so far been left out of the current debate on the relationship between migration and development. This debate has tended to be dominated by structural and economic concerns. The ultimate aim of the special issue is therefore to unsettle the terms of the discussion by placing migrants and their experiences as knowledge producers (along with a range of other actors) at the centre of the debate. The complex interconnections between migration and development in the so‐called ‘North’ and ‘South’ demand that a notion of development be adopted that goes beyond the dichotomy of ‘developed’ versus ‘less developed’ countries, and that leads to an understanding of development processes that occur simultaneously in different places interconnected by migration. This requires the rethinking of the parameters and paradigms that dominate the revived debate on the relationship between international migration and development. A new vocabulary for describing and analysing these complex interlinkages is required, and the notion of ‘global chains’ is suggested here as a starting point. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.