bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Integration and Alienation of Religious to Religious Orders
Authors: O'Connell John J. 
Published: March 2007

L'étude examine l'hypothèse selon laquelle un ordre reli gieux, du fait de sa structure formalisée et bureaucratique, présente une disposition négative envers l'expression person nelle et individuelle. Les sujets de l'étude sont les membres d'un ordre religieux connu pour vivre et fonctionner dans ce que le sociologue appelle une organisation totalisante ou close. L'étude révèle que l'aliénation d'un religieux dans une congrégation religieuse n'est pas inévitable. Bien plutôt, la vie de relation du religieux n'offre pas moins de possibilité d'in tégration que d'aliénation. Les facteurs critiques associés aux divers degrés d'intégration ou d'aliénation constatés sont des items qui existent avant l'entrée dans la congrégation ou à la périphérie de la structure formalisée. Parmi les items à relier étroitement à ces mesures d'inté gration et/ou d'aliénation on trouve: les années de présence dans l'ordre, l'âge, la classe sociale, la personnalité sociale et les facteurs familiaux du passé culturel du membre. L'analyse de la classe sociale et des caractéristiques fami liales indique qu'une relation intégratrice ou aliénante du religieux à son ordre est davantage influencée par les défini tions subjectives qu'il donne de son expérience familiale et de sa conscience de classe que par les mesures objectives que l'on peut faire de ces items. L'étude indique la nécessité de réviser la théorie de l'alié nation et, en particulier, le besoin d'appliquer une nouvelle théorie sur le sujet aux caractéristiques formelles de l'organi sation des ordres religieux.
The Relevance of Socio-Economic Groups in the Analysis of the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk in South Africa
Authors: Alant C.J. 
Published: March 2007

Trois études fournissent la base de cet article : une analyse de la pratique dominicale, une analyse de l'image que les fi dèles se font du ministère et une analyse de la vision du ministère par les intéressés eux-mêmes. Trois hypothèses fon damentales avaient présidé à ces travaux: 1°) l'Eglise Réfor mée Néerlandaise ne se structure plus sur le « surnaturel pur » mais sur un « surnaturel sécularisé » ; 2°) cette transformation affecte surtout les strates socio-économiques supérieures, et en général la jeune génération; 3°) la structure formelle de l'Eglise ne facilite pas l'adaptation. Cet article reprend surtout la seconde hypothèse. Après avoir évoqué les antécédents socio-historiques de l'Eglise Ré formée Néerlandaise, l'auteur décrit en détail les modèles, traditionnel et moderne, dont il fait usage par la suite et en énumère les indicateurs. L'évaluation des transformations a été faite à partir de trois indicateurs : le comportement reli gieux, les croyances et l'image des rôles religieux. Il apparaît que les jeunes en général, de même que les groupes sociaux économiquement dominants se rencontrent sur une attitude plus « libérale » en ce qui concerne les croyances et les normes religieuses ; en face des autorités religieuses, ils ont aussi une attitude plus rationalisante, qui réduit l'autorité de fonction. Dans le groupe des pasteurs, un clivage apparaît entre ceux qui ont fait des études supérieures de théologie et ceux qui n'en ont pas faites : les premiers sont plus proches de l'attitude des jeunes et des groupes dominants. A travers ces analyses apparaît l'impact d'une société stra tifiée sur le champ religieux. Des tensions en résultent, qui cherchent leur solution.
On the Meaning of Food Offerings in Ceylon (*)
Authors: Yalman Nur 
Published: March 2007

L'auteur explicite les ramifications symboliques de l'offrande d'aliments dans le langage rituel à Ceylan. Trois observations constituent le point de départ de l'auteur: — l'association entre la préparation et la consommation quo tidienne d'aliments et la crainte de la présence active de dé mons ; — le rôle de l'offrande d'aliments au Bouddha, aux dieux et aux démons ; — le rôle des échanges d'aliments dans l'expression des rap ports entre castes. L'auteur procède à un analyse systématique des contextes dans lesquels cette offrande d'aliments à lieu et tente de saisir la signification de ce rituel dans une société caractérisée par sa religion et sa division en castes.
Les religions au Chili entre l'aliénation et la prise de conscience
Authors: Lalive d'Epinay Christian , Zylberberg Jacques 
Published: March 2007

The multiple forms of the religious phenomenon and its cosmologies have often been pointed out. The social role of a religion can never be defined once and for all. The role played by religion as an agent for social protest and awareness or as a factor of the status quo must be made explicit for each historical period and specific social group. How are the religions in Chili situated between these functions of alienation and awareness ? The authors of this article examine the positions of Indian animism, Catholicism and Protestantism and outline the complex relationships exist ing between the nation, classes, social groups, and religious behavior in Chili.
Cultural Multiplexity and Religious Polytheism
Authors: Lemert Charles C. 
Published: March 2007

Les recherches récentes en sociologie de la religion n'ont pas accordé une attention suffisante à l'impact des conditions socio-culturelles sur l'idéation religieuse. Le problème est re pris par l'Auteur et analysé du point de vue de la sociologie de la religion comprise comme forme particulière de la socio logie de la connaissance. Pour l'Auteur, la place centrale du monothéisme dans l'idéation religieuse traditionnelle occidentale doit être mise en corrélation avec la culture pré-moderne « mono-complexe ». Or, selon Bellah, la culture moderne se caractérise par sa « multi-complexité ». L'Auteur pense que l'on ne peut espérer voir survivre le principe monothéiste au sein d'un système culturel multi-complexe. L'émergence d'un polythéisme chrétien implicite est analysée alors dans le contexte de la tradition relativiste de la culture moderne, de la théologie de la mort de Dieu et des mouvements festifs contemporains.
L'Islam et l'articulation d'identités musulmanes
Authors: WAARDENBURG Jacques 
Published: March 2007

The last 25 years have shown a marked increase in the meanings which Muslims attach to the concept of Islam. The first part of this paper discusses some of these new meanings of Islam: new socio-political meanings in a national and in an international context as well as new moral meanings. The second part discusses aspects of the relations between Islam and national consciousness which have changed considerably in the course of the 20th century. Attention is also paid to relations between Muslim countries and the West and the meaning of Islam in this changing context. At the end of the paper four theses are formulated, dealing with secular and Islamic models of the Muslim state; with relations between Muslim states; with the links existing between Muslim and other (ethnic or national) identities; and with the competition between alternative versions of Islam, considered here as articulations of Muslim identity. The way in which an individual views Islam reflects a particular articulation of his or her identity. Muslim societies, consequently, can usefully be studied according to the meanings which different groups and persons give to life and reality and which use Islam as a referent.
Anomie, recherche identitaire et religion en Russie
Authors: ROUSSELET Kathy 
Published: March 2007

Russia suffers today from a lack of identity which concerns its geographical as well as its political space. In this context of anomie it uses the religious register to find a new identity. Thus the Orthodox religion appears as the basis of a new collective project but also as a source of new cleavages. Nevertheless religion suffers from the consequences of the “destructuring” of society. Beside religious identification which involves a strong cultural aspect, denominational vagueness is widespread. The search for identity does not automatically entail the emergence of an “ethnic religion”. Like society itself, religious traditions are being torn apart.
Le Nouvel An des Arbres. L'ordre du végétal entre nature et surnature
Authors: PEREZ Danielle STORPER 
Published: March 2007

In its cosmological, elemental or agricultural and ecological forms, nature is present, represented and classified both in the written and in the oral traditions. The lunar cycle and the solar cycle counterbalance each other in order to measure the temporal architecture of festivals and rituals. Nearly all the main festivals operate at the twin levels of nature and history. However, the minor festival of Tu bi-Shvat, the New Year of Trees, is the only one whose meaning and rituals are based on elements of the plant world. Tu bi-Shvat is one of the “four cardinal points” of the annual cycle, the other three being Nissan (for the Festivals calendar); Ellul (for animal tithes); Tishri (for the beginning of the Jewish religious Year). In fourth position, Tu bi-Shvat takes place when the almond trees are blossoming in the land of Israel. Thus this festival marks the collection of fruit tithes. Because of its association with the land of Israel, Tu bi-Shvat's specific rites were elaborated after the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, with the return of kabbalist Sages to Safed at the end of the 16th century. The study of diverse ways in which this New Year is celebrated by different religious groups in other countries as well as in contemporary Israel helps us to understand the relation between texts, rituals, contexts and concrete ties to the land.
A Study of the Weathering Character istics of Cotton Fabrics Containing Inorganic Compounds
Authors: Rose G.R.F. , Bayley C.H. 
Published: March 2007

A study has been made of the effect of outdoor weathering on unbleached and bleached cotton duck treated with (1) copper carbonate and chromic oxide. (2) chromic oxide aftertreated with copper naphthenate and with copper 8-hydroxyquinolinolate, and (3) chromium naphthenate mixed with copper naphthenate and copper 8-hydroxyquinolinolate respectively: and unbleached cotton sheeting treated with a mixture of copper carbonate and chromic oxide. The treatments were applied at two levels of copper for each compound and the chromium added so as to give ratios of Cr2O3:CuO at. above, and below unity. The optimum ratio of approximately 1, found in the eartier work. was confirmed for all of the above mixtures of copper and chromium Mixtures of copper and chromium in inorganic form seem to afford greater protection than organic mixtures or mixtures of inorganic chromium and organic copper. Mixtures of chromic oxide and copper naphthenate were nearly as effective as the inorganic mixtures due. presumably. to the high degree of hydrolysis of the copper naphthenate. Copper 8-hydroxyquinolinolate appears to be more effective when used in conjunction with chromium naphthenate. The presence of noncellulosic material enhances the protective effect afforded by these mixtures as does also an increase in fabric weight.
The Saturation Regain of Viscose Rayon Deduced from Density and Swelling Data
Authors: Staples M.L. 
Published: March 2007

The moisture regain of viscose rayon in a saturated atmosphere has been estimated from measurements of the longitudinal swelling of the fiber at relative humidities ranging from dryness to saturation (water immersion). The density of viscose as a function of the regain has also been determined. From these data, the volume swelling and the swelling of the cross-sectional area of the fiber have been calculated. The latter values, at the saturation regain deduced from the axial swelling measurements, are in substantial agreement with values which other investigators have determined by quite different methods of measurement.
Habits of the Head
Authors: Schneck Stephen Frederick 
Published: March 2007

Nothing conceivable is so petty, so insipid, so crowded with paltry interestsin one word, so anti-poeticas the life of a man in the United States. [Tocqueville];1 Anyone who allows the growing respectability of mass culture to seduce him into equating a popular song with modem art because of a few false notes squeaked by a clarinet; anyone who mistakes a triad studded with "dirty notes" for atonality, has already capitulated to barbarism. Art which has degenerated to culture pays the price of being all the more readily confused with its own waste-products as its aberrant influence grows. Education, traditionally the privilege of the few, is paid its due by self-conscious illiteracy which proclaims the stupor of tolerated excess to be the realm of freedom. Rebelling feebly, they are always ready to duck, following the lead of jazz, which integrates stumbling and coming-too-soon into the collective march lock-step. [Adorno];
The Empiricist Tradition in Social Administration
Authors: Taylor-Gooby Peter 
Published: March 2007

This article reviews the empiricist tradition that has been particularly strong in social administration. The various factors that have been identified in this tradition can be drawn together under the general category of the 'perspective of the state': it conceptualises society from the viewpoint of the welfare state, rather than attempting to analyse the relation of welfare state to society. The limitations placed on the welfare state by its place in capitalism are taken for granted and do not enter the picture. Various accounts of how this perspective has evolved in this country are discussed. Its strength is linked to the lack of oppositional labour politics. The problems that result from the perspective are illustrated in four areas: the treatment of ideology, of the conception of need, of the failure of state welfare to substantially enhance welfare and of marxist approaches to social policy. The argument points to the capacity of the perspective of the state to assimilate critical approaches. I am indebted to Jen Dale, Bob Deacon, Ian Gough, Sue Lakeman and Ramesh Mishra for comments on an earlier draft.
Indoctrination, curriculum and the law
Authors: Gill Dawn 
Published: March 2007

This paper is intended as a briefing document on recent legislation for teachers, parents, school governors and educational administrators. It aims to provide a summary and comparison of the 1986 and 1988 Educa tion Acts insofar as these refer to curriculum content; and to examine the implications of recent legislation for the development of 'multicultural' and 'anti-racist' curriculum initiatives, and the teaching of politically con troversial issues - with particular reference to history. The paper looks closely at sections 44 and 45 of the 1986 Act because these could be used by parents and community groups to challenge offi cially sanctioned history teaching, and demand a history curriculum which is not merely a jingoistic celebration of Britain and all that is British.
MODERNITY, ANTI-MODERNITY AND POST-MODERNITY IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Lee Raymond L.M. 
Published: March 2007

The problem of modernity and post-modernity centres on the fate of the bourgeois carriers of the Protestant Ethic in an inordinately differentiated and rationalised world. Post-modernity is a reaction to the advanced alienation of late capitalism, an attempt to restore some meaning to the existential despair over the growing irrationality of modernity. The emphases on sensualism, pluralism and realism comprise desperate efforts to cling on to the human sources of a runaway creation called modernity. If post-modernity comprises efforts in criticising the foundations of modern Western civilisation, how do they influence the development agenda of the Third World nations? Through a study of the modernisation programme in Malaysia, it is argued that modernity in Malaysia is a recent phenomenon and must be considered in the context of its colonial history. Industrialisation in Malaysia does not follow the same historical trajectory as industrialisation in the Western democracies. Thus, modernity in the recent history of Malaysia must be studied as a complex interplay between ethnic nationalism, international markets, class formation, and inter-ethnic competition. Post-modernity in Malaysia can at best be described as a superficial imposition of Western consumer patterns on the local population without an attendant cultural critique. Post-modernity as a form of demodernisation cannot but pose a serious threat to the modernisation programme of Malaysia which not only comprises the raison d'être of the dominant Malay political party but also involves the commercial interests of many transnational companies.
INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATING MAX WEBER
Authors: Roth Guenther 
Published: March 2007

Proceeding from Schleiermacher's distinction between mere interpreting and genuine translating, I argue that much of social science requires only `technical' interpreting ( Dolmetschen) rather than `creative' translating. In Max Weber's case, matters are made easier by the fact that he stayed within a recognisable pattern of international scholarship. He had actual and elective affinities with the Anglo-Saxon world, especially in politics and ethics. In spite of some epistemological difficulties, this has made his translatability and his general reception relatively easy. The essay discusses some of the vicissitudes of the English Weber translations and concludes that general readability is the best that can be achieved, because a translation becomes outdated whenever new theoretical issues arise. Translators cannot anticipate which terms will become important in a few years. For each specific purpose new choices must often be made.
Stabilization of the Fast Modes of a Flexible-Joint Robot
Authors: Readman M.C. , Bélanger P.R. 
Published: March 2007

In this work the robot is assumed to be an open kinematic chain with only revolute joints. Each joint is modeled as a linear torsional spring. The model equations consist of two coupled dy namic systems, one representing the usual rigid body or slow dynamics and the other the fast dynamics introduced by the joint flexibility. The model presented in this article is in aform that brings out the influence on the fast subsystem dynamics of the rigid body parameters and the robot geometry. The model clearly shows the effect that link and drive parameters have on the dynamics of the fast subsystem. It is shown that under certain assumptions there exists a decen tralized velocity control law that asymptotically stabilizes the fast subsystem dynamics. In general this control law is gain scheduled. For sufficiently small drive inertias there always exists a fixed de centralized control law that will asymptotically stabilize the fast dynamics. This is true even for large drive ratios. For sufficiently large drive inertias it may not be possible to use a fixed decentral ized control law. Under certain conditions a gain-scheduled velocity feedback law can be designed to give attractive pole damping factors. Some examples are given to illustrate these ideas.
A Study of the Passive Gait of a Compass-Like Biped Robot
Authors: Goswami Ambarish , Thuilot Benoit , Espiau Bernard 
Published: March 2007

The focus of this work is a systematic study of the passive gait of a compass-like, planar, biped robot on inclined slopes. The robot is kinematically equivalent to a double pendulum, possessing two kneeless legs with point masses and a third point mass at the "hip" joint. Three parameters, namely, the ground-slope angle and the normalized mass and length of the robot describe its gait. We show that in response to a continuous change in any one of its parame ters, the symmetric and steady stable gait of the unpowered robot gradually evolves through a regime of bifurcations characterized by progressively complicated asymmetric gaits, eventually arriving at an apparently chaotic gait where no two steps are identical. The robot can maintain this gait indefinitely. A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the stability of such gaits is the contraction of the "phase-fluid" volume. For this frictionless robot, the volume contraction, which we compute, is caused by the dissipative effects of the ground-impact model. In the chaotic regime, the fractal dimension of the robot's strange attractor We present a novel graphical technique based on the first return map that compactly captures the entire evolution of the gait, from symmetry to chaos. Additional passive dissipative elements in the robot joint result in a significant improvement in the stability and the versatility of the gait, and provide a rich repertoire for simple control laws.
The Resolution of Envy through Jealousy
Authors: Wooster E. Gerald 
Published: March 2007

This article examines a range of issues surrounding siblings and, in particular, envy and jealousy in siblings and the ways in which envy can be resolved through jealousy. A dramatic example of the resolution of envy through jealousy can be seen in Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale, where malignant and destructive envy and jealousy can be transformed into reconciliation. Such creative resolutions can be considered by looking at simple mathematical and algebraic formulations, where the introduction of a third into a twosome may precipitate rage but may also offer the opportunities for creative triangulation. Twinship dynamics, the different genesis of jealousy in boys and in girls, births at times of bereavement and mapping of family trees, birth orders in different generations, the use of critical dates and transcultural sibling problems are further elements to consider that may help us in our practice.
Stress Distribution of Aligned Short-Fiber Composites Under Axial Load
Authors: Sun C.T. , Wu J.K. 
Published: March 2007

The objective of this paper is to investigate the normal and interfacial shear stress distribution of short-fiber composites under a force either parallel to the fiber or mak ing some angle with the fiber. Different geometrical shapes of fiber end were taken into account. The geometrical shapes under investigations were: rectangular, semi-circular, V-shaped and wedge-shaped respectively. Analytical solutions of this problem were achieved by using finite-element numerical scheme. For the cases when the applied load is parallel to the fiber, very small triangular constant strain elements were used near the fiber tip and rectangular elements were used throughout the rest of the region. For the cases of off-axis loading parabolic-isoparametric elements were used throughout the entire domain. Depending upon the fiber volume fractions and fiber end geometry, the total time of calculation for each case is around 18 seconds. Numerical results of normalized normal stress σf and shear stress τ were plotted as a function of the coordinate along the fiber direction. It was observed that, the distribu tions of σ f and τ were in good agreement with existing results obtained experimentally by using photoelasticity method. It was also observed that shear stress concentration is very high near the fiber tip. This phenomenon is particularly true for wedge and V-shaped fiber ends. A possible application of this investigation is to optimize internal damping of short- fiber composites by properly adjusting fiber end geometry. It is believed that the presence of high shear stress concentration at numerous fiber ends in short-fiber com posites will transfer to the viscoelastic matrix. The viscoelastic matrix will then dissipate energy and thus improve internal damping of the composites.