bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Special Educational Needs: the child's contribution
Authors: Armstrong Derrick , Galloway David , Tomlinson Sally 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article is concerned with the role of the child in assessments under the 1981 Education Act. It focuses on the implications of the child's contribution for professional practice. Despite the recommendations of the DES in Circular 22/89 that the feelings and perceptions of the child should be taken into account and that the concept of partnership should be extended to children and young people, in practice the child's contribution is often minimal. The reason for this may in part arise from clinical difficulties in gaining access to children's thinking. In part, however, it may also arise from constraints which influence the way professionals conceptualize children's needs. A further issue discussed in this article concerns the effect on children's behaviour of their “metaperceptions” i.e. their beliefs about the purposes of an assessment and about the role of the professionals involved. It is argued that these may have an impact upon the child's thinking and behaviour, with implications for the way in which professionals understand ‘the problem’.
Children's Views on Gender Issues in School
Authors: Cullingford Cedric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMost of the research on gender issues in schools has focused on teacher behaviour and the values transmitted through observed talk and behaviour. There has been comparatively little research on children's attitudes to teachers' behaviour. As part of an analysis of their views on schooling 53 children in their first year of secondary school were given lengthy interviews about their experiences of school, including their recollections of primary schools. Out of these interviews emerged some clearly and consistently held opinions about teachers' and pupils' attitudes to gender. Whilst pupils did not think that the issues were of the highest salience, and did not observe extreme forms of discrimination, they were all concerned about the ‘unfair’ treatment of boys in particular. This included being ‘picked on’ more than girls who might be carrying out the same actions. Both boys and girls felt that the former were unfairly treated. But the children also felt that certain kinds of discrimination were inevitable, given the reputation and nature of boys' behaviour.
Towards Effective and Transferable Learning in Secondary School: the development of an approach based on mastery learning
Authors: Postlethwaite Keith , Haggarty Linda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes ways in which teachers, supported by two university lecturers, attempted to secure effective learning for all their pupils. After considering relevant literature, teachers chose to explore the mastery learning model and were successful in using it in two short units of subject‐specific work. To maximise the benefits of a second cycle of work on the issue, teachers concentrated on developing mastery learning approaches to transferable elements of the curriculum. They generally agreed that these provided powerful ways of encouraging effective transfer of teaming; they encouraged cooperation amongst staff from different disciplines, led to a consistent approach for pupils, and provided a context in which in‐class special needs support could be effectively deployed. Pupils reported that the approaches were successful. Some teachers of English remained sceptical about the validity of mastery learning for some aspects of their subject. Some insights into processes of change in secondary schools are also provided.
The Changing Profile of Entrants to Mathematics at A Level and to Mathematical Subjects in Higher Education
Authors: Kitchen Ann 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOver the past decade most, if not all, university departments of mathematics, science and engineering have talked about a decline in the mathematical capabilities of their entry cohorts. Anecdotal evidence from the universities and the press has blamed this drop on a lowering of standards at A level. However, it may be due to the lowering of admission requirements to allow for the expansion in university places. This article attempts to quantify the present situation by looking at the characteristics of the student population at both the interface between the General Certificate of Secondary Education and A level, and A level and higher education over time. As well as analysing official published data and hitherto unpublished data from the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, it builds on some initial work carried out at the Mechanics in Action Project at the Universities of Manchester and Leeds over the past 6 years as part of the evaluation of the effects of the Project's mathematics curriculum development work post‐16. An explanation for the universities’ perception of declining standards is found in (a) the changing A level cohort, (b) the universities’ policy on recruitment, and (c) able students choosing not to study mathematical subjects.
Captured Customers: people with learning difficulties in the social market
Authors: Riddell Sheila , Wilson Alastair , Baron Stephen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article explores the experiences of education, training and employment services for people with learning difficulties, examining the operation of the social market across these different spheres. It begins by discussing some broad features of the market within the public policy arena and the particular models adopted in post‐school education, training and community care. Subsequently, drawing on the research project The Meaning of the Learning Society for Adults with Learning Difficulties the authors interrogate the accounts given by different professional groups of the way in which the market works in practice and juxtapose these with the experiences of people with learning difficulties whose lives were explored through ethnographic case studies. The authors conclude that the choices of those with the most significant learning difficulties are restricted because of their impairments, but some degree of choice is possible for all. For most people with learning difficulties, choices are restricted not so much by their impairments as by the ethos and structures of the services they use. It appears that potential or current economic activity is used as a gateway to consumer citizenship and those who are deemed to be of only marginal economic value have access to a restricted range of services which tend to be allocated rather than chosen.
Divergent Discourses of Learning Difficulty
Authors: Skidmore David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is argued that the influence of the functionalist tradition of organisation theory can be detected in various areas of contemporary educational research, including research concerned with the development of mainstream provision for pupils with learning difficulties, in the emphasis placed upon the need for consensus among school staff over shared values and goals. Evidence is then presented and discussed from a case study of an English secondary school, where a process of institutional development was under way aimed at enhancing provision for pupils with learning difficulties. Analysis of the data shows that two divergent discourses of learning difficulty could be identified in use in the school, articulated by different constituencies of staff. These are termed, respectively, the discourse of curriculum presentation and the discourse of pupil ability. A model of the structure of the discourses is proposed, identifying six dimensions along which they diverge. The relations obtaining between the discourse constituencies are analysed. On the basis of this analysis, it is argued that previous research in the field of school improvement and inclusion may have exaggerated the need for consensus among teaching staff. Instead, it is argued that the process of dialogue between the constituencies associated with divergent pedagogical discourses can act as an important motor in creating a dynamic of development within the school.
From Inspection to School Improvement? Evaluating the Accelerated Inspection Programme in Waltham Forest
Authors: Hopkins David , Harris Alma , Watling Rob , Beresford John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn 1995, the Office for Standards in Education (OFSTED) had the first opportunity to look at a substantial number of inspection reports from across the education system. Using this analysis, the London Boroughs of Waltham Forest and Lambeth were identified as having over 40% of their schools within the category of ‘serious weaknesses’ or failing’. In direct response to these findings OFSTED announced an accelerated inspection programme for all schools within each borough. This article discusses the main conclusions from an external evaluation of the Accelerated Inspection Programme (AIP) in Waltham Forest. It focuses upon the critical relationships between OFSTED, the local education authority (LEA) and schools during the period of the AIP and considers the relationship between inspection and improvement based upon the evaluation findings. The article concludes by discussing some of the necessary preconditions for strengthening the link between inspection and improvement.
Longitudinal research: methods for maximizing subject follow‐up
Authors: WUTZKE S. E. , CONIGRAVE K. M. , KOGLER B. E. , SAUNDERS J. B. , HALL W. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEarly intervention for hazardous alcohol use has been shown repeatedly to be effective in reducing alcohol consumption, limiting alcohol‐related problems and improving biochemical parameters. However, in most studies the follow‐up period has been 2 years or less. The current paper presents progress on a 10‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial of early intervention. Methods used for tracing subjects and ensuring minimal refusals are detailed. The intensity of effort required to locate subjects is documented and recommendations for ensuring good follow‐up rates are made. At completion of follow‐up, 72.5% of the sample reviewed here and 78.2% of the total cohort had been traced. Our experiences demonstrate that long‐term follow‐up is feasible, given sufficient planning and persistence.
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is important in the prediction of recurrence in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sasahira T , Kirita T , Bhawal U K , Yamamoto K , Ohmori H , Fujii K , Kuniyasu H 
Published: June 2007

Aims:  Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has recently been recognized as a cancer‐associated protein responsible for cancer progression and metastasis in gastrointestinal cancers. The aim was to examine the role of RAGE in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Methods and results:  RAGE expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 74 OSCC patients and evaluated with a grading based on Allred's score. RAGE expression was compared with clinicopathological parameters including clinical stage, invasive depth, nodal metastasis, disease recurrence and disease‐free survival. High‐grade expression of RAGE (RAGE‐H) was observed in 30 (40.5%) of 74 OSCCs. RAGE‐H was associated with depth of invasion (P < 0.0001) and local recurrence (P < 0.0001), but not with histological differentiation, clinical stage or nodal metastasis. Disease‐free survival in patients with RAGE‐H was significantly worse than in those with low‐level RAGE expression. Multivariate analysis showed RAGE‐H to be an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival in OSCC patients (P = 0.0022).Conclusion:  RAGE is a relevant factor in predicting disease recurrence and patients' prognosis in OSCC.
The role and impact of freshwater–seawater mixing zones in the maturation of regional dolomite bodies within the proto Floridan Aquifer, USA
Authors: GASWIRTH STEPHANIE B. , BUDD DAVID A. , LANG FARMER G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPalaeogene dolostones from the sub‐surface of Florida are ideal for the study of dolomite maturation because they record the early stages of a secondary dolomite overprint without destruction by later diagenetic overprints. Two distinct dolomite textures occur in the dolostones of the Upper Eocene Ocala and Lower Oligocene Suwannee limestones in west‐central Florida: a porous and permeable sucrosic dolomite and a less porous and relatively impermeable indurated non‐sucrosic dolomite. In both textures, the initial matrix dolomite is dully luminescent, whereas the secondary overprint is dominantly luminescent cement in the Suwannee and only neomorphic luminescent dolomite in the Ocala. The abundance of luminescent dolomite ranges from 2% to 38%, which translates to 1·6 km3 of material in the Suwannee and 13·5 km3 in the Ocala. Extrapolated trace‐element contents (Sr and Na) and δ18O values for the matrix and luminescent end‐members indicate a marine origin for the matrix dolomite in both units, and a freshwater–seawater mixing‐zone origin for the secondary luminescent dolomites. The δ18O values indicate that a saline, middle mixing‐zone environment overprinted the Suwannee but a more dilute mixing zone affected the Ocala. Fluid–fluid mixing models constrained by modern Floridan aquifer hydrochemistry and extrapolated 87Sr/86Sr values of the luminescent phases indicate that the mixing zones operated during the Late Miocene to Pliocene in the Ocala and affected the Suwannee in the Pliocene. The luminescent Suwannee mixing‐zone cement reduced porosity up to threefold and permeability up to 100‐fold, which converted many sucrosic dolomites to indurated dolomites. By contrast, the neomorphic luminescent Ocala dolomite did not have an appreciable impact on the maturations. Although freshwater–seawater mixing zones were not the sites of the initial dolomitization, the mixing‐zone environment did dramatically overprint and mature the regionally widespread dolomites of the Ocala and Suwannee limestones. This maturation occurred shortly after formation of the proto‐Floridan aquifer; the timing suggests the matrix dolomites were ‘ripe’ for alteration and that the only prerequisite for mixing‐zone dolomite is pre‐existing dolomite substrates to reduce kinetic barriers. In contrast to recent claims, the results of this study demonstrate that mixing zones can be effective in forming regionally significant amounts of secondary dolomite and influencing the petrophysical maturation of dolomite bodies.
Preparation of Phosphinated Polymer‐Incarcerated Palladium and Its Application to CN and CC Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Nishio Ryo , Sugiura Masaharu , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhosphinated polymer‐incarcerated (PI) Pd catalysts were prepared by immobilization of palladium with phosphinated polymers by using the PI method. The phosphinated PI Pd catalysts showed good catalytic activity without externally added phosphine ligands in the amination of aryl halides for CN bond‐forming reactions, as well as in Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling. No leaching of palladium from the immobilized Pd was observed by fluorescence X‐ray analysis. Furthermore, it was found that immobilization of Pd by the PI process facilitated the suppression of poisoning of the metal by amines. These effects can be ascribed to stabilization of the catalyst by both the phosphine moieties and the benzene rings in the swollen polymer support. The phosphinated PI Pd catalysts could also be recovered by simple filtration and reused several times without leaching of palladium in both the amination and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions.
Interactions of trifluroethanol with the Trp‐cage peptide
Authors: Chatterjee Chiradip , Gerig John T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that aggregation of fluorinated alcohols in water solutions is involved with the abilities of these alcohols to provoke conformational changes in peptides and proteins. The extent of fluoroalcohol aggregation depends on the degree of fluorination: hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is more extensively aggregated than is TFE. We previously described a study of the interactions of HFIP with the peptide Trp‐cage and provided evidence for the formation of long‐lived complexes between this fluoroalcohol and the peptide. In the present work, we have examined the interactions of the less‐fluorinated TFE with Trp‐cage, in order to probe the role of fluoroalcohol aggregation in the phenomena observed. Intermolecular 1H{19F} nuclear Overhauser effects arising from interactions of TFE with the hydrogens of the peptide in a solution containing 42% TFE were determined at sample temperatures from 5 to 45°C. It is shown that the folded state of the peptide under these conditions is essentially the same as that observed in water and in 30% HFIP‐water. The observed peptide–solvent NOEs indicate formation of complexes of Trp‐cage with TFE that persist for times of the order of 1 ns. The interactions leading to complexes with TFE are somewhat weaker than those involved in complex formation with HFIP. There are no indications that the aggregation of fluoroalcohol is a necessary concomitant of the interactions of TFE or HFIP with Trp‐cage. Rather, the stronger and more long‐lived interactions of HFIP with Trp‐cage appear to be primarily the result of the greater hydrogen‐bonding ability and hydrophobicity of this fluoroalcohol. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 115–123, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of the Bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone System Revisited: Searching for a Modular Construction of Heavily Substituted Cyclohexanes Based on m‐CPBA Mediated Selective Oxygen Insertion
Authors: Finet Laure , Dakir Mohamed , Castellote Isabel , Arseniyadis Siméon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDescribed herein is the use of Baeyer–Villiger oxidation for the selective insertion of oxygen into a variously substituted bicyclo[2.2.2]octanone system, synthesized by a consecutive domino process. By using the appropriate sequence of steps and starting from common intermediate 2a, six‐membered ring systems with appropriate substituents that could serve as surrogates for several functionalities could be accessed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ab initio calculations on π‐stacked thiophene dimer, trimer, and tetramer: Structure, interaction energy, cooperative effects, and intermolecular electronic parameters
Authors: Rodríguez‐Ropero Francisco , Casanovas Jordi , Alemán Carlos 
Published: June 2007

Abstractπ‐Stacked complexes formed by two, three, and four thiophene rings have been investigated using abinitio quantum mechanical calculations. The relative orientation between the rings was investigated for each complex by exploring the corresponding potential energy surface at the MP2/6‐31+G(d,p) level, the inter‐ring distance, and the degree of tilting being examined in each case. Interaction energies were calculated at the MP2, MP3, MP4, and CCSD, levels of theory. Negligible or even slightly positive n‐body effects have been predicted for the stacked thiophene arrangements studied in this work. This is consequence of the cancellation of favorable induction contribution by the destabilizing dispersion component. On the other hand analysis of the optimized geometries obtained for the trimer and tetramer revealed that the orientation of the rings presents a preferred degree of periodicity. Finally, we found that the lowest transition energy decreases when the size of the complex increases, this feature being attributed to desestabilization of the HOMO and stabilization of the LUMO that occur simultaneously. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Interaction between serine phosphorylated IRS‐1 and β1‐integrin affects the stability of neuronal processes
Authors: Wang Jin Ying , Gualco Elisa , Peruzzi Francesca , Sawaya Bassel E. , Passiatore Giovanni , Marcinkiewicz Cezary , Staniszewska Izabella , Ferrante Pasquale , Amini Shohreh , Khalili Kamel , Reiss Krzysztof 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) released in the brain by HIV‐activated macrophages/microglia is suspected to compromise neuronal survival. Previously, we have demonstrated that activated receptor for insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐IR) protects neurons from TNFα‐induced neuronal damage (Wang et al. [ 2006] J. Neurosci. Res. 83:7–18). Because TNFα triggers phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) on serine residues (pS‐IRS‐1; Rui et al. [ 2001] J. Clin. Invest. 107:181–189), and pS‐IRS‐1 binds integrins (Reiss et al. [ 2001] Oncogene 20:490–500), we asked how these events affect neuronal processes. We show that β1‐integrin and pS‐IRS‐1 colocalize in PC12 cells and in primary cortical neurons. TNFα treatment elevated membrane‐associated pS‐IRS‐1, enhanced pS‐IRS‐1 interaction with β1‐integrin, and attenuated cell attachment to collagen IV. In contrast, IGF‐I inhibited pS‐IRS‐1–β1‐integrin complexes and improved cell attachment. The domain of IRS‐1 involved in β1‐integrin binding mapped between amino acids 426 and 740, and the expression of 426–740/IRS‐1 mutant attenuated neuronal outgrowth. Our results indicate that TNFα facilitates the interaction of pS‐IRS‐1 and β1‐integrin and destabilizes neuronal processes. IGF‐I counteracts TNFα‐mediated accumulation of pS‐IRS‐1–β1‐integrin complexes supporting the stability of neuronal processes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direction Sweden: migration fields and cognitive distances of Finland Swedes
Authors: Hedberg Charlotta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article analyses migration fields and perceptions of distance in the context of the migration process of the Finland‐Swedish minority group from Finland to Sweden between 1976 and 1999. The focus of investigation concerns whether the conceptualisation of distance, in terms of socio‐historical migration fields and cognitive maps, can contribute to our understanding of migration decision‐making. A combination of methods has been employed. Firstly, a quantitative analysis took place of the migration fields of Finland Swedes originating in three case‐study areas in Finland. The extension of their migration fields into Sweden is calculated relative to the internal migration pattern within Finland. Secondly, an interview study analysed perceptions of distance among migrants to Sweden. The article shows that a sizeable proportion of the Finland Swedes' migration fields were directed towards Sweden, but that their extension contained regional variations. Further, the decision to migrate to Sweden was strongly influenced by the migrants' perceptions of Sweden prior to migration. Thus, the migrants possessed cognitive maps, with particular sites in Sweden being regarded as distinct and ‘close’ locations, in contrast to alternative, ‘remote’ locations in Finland. The perceptions of distance were shaped by the migrants' social, cultural and economic links with Sweden, as well as by their ethnic identity, which included an ethnic affinity with Sweden. It is suggested that the Finland‐Swedish migration process to Sweden should be seen as a case of transnational migration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.