bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin in naturally parasitized cats
Authors: Blagburn Byron L. , Hendrix Charles M. , Lindsay David S. , Vaughan Joy L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ivermectin was administered per os ([po]; n = 15) or subcutaneously ([sc]; n = 3) to naturally parasitized cats at 10 (n = 6), 100 (n = 6), or 300 (n = 6) μg/kg of body weight. Nontreated control cats were given sterile isotonic saline solution po (n = 5) or sc (n = 1). Qualitative fecal examinations were performed on each cat 1 day before treatment and 14 days after treatment. Cats were euthanatized 14 days after treatment, at which time parasites from the gastrointestinal tracts were recovered, identified, and enumerated. Lungs and urinary bladders were examined histologically or by digestion (lungs only) for Capillaria spp and/or Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. Ivermectin was effective in removing Ancylostoma spp at all doses, but removal of Toxocara cati required 300 μg of ivermectin/kg. Efficacies against A abstrusus, Capillaria spp, and Physaloptera spp could not be determined definitively. Ivermectin had no effect on Dipylidium caninum, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Spirometra mansonoides, or Isospora spp. Adverse reactions were not observed in cats given ivermectin po; however, 3 cats given ivermectin sc reacted as though they experienced pain at the injection site.
Ultrasonographic imaging to monitor fetal and placental developments in ewes fed locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus)
Authors: Panter K. E. , Bunch T. D. , James L. F. , Sisson D. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ultrasonographic imaging was used to monitor the effects of locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) on fetal, placental, and cotyledonary developments in pregnant ewes and proved to be a useful noninvasive method of monitoring the effects of locoweed poisoning on fetal and placental development. Ultrasonographic imaging may be a good research technique to observe the effects of toxicants on fetal movement, fetal heart action, and growth and development of the fetus and placenta.
Known effects of locoweed poisoning in pregnant ewes, such as fluid accumulation in the placenta (hydrops allanfeois, hydrops amnii), altered cotyledonary development, and fetal death were observed with ultrasonographic imaging. A previously unknown effect of locoweed on fetal heart action also was observed. Locoweed decreased fetal heart rates, caused cardiac irregularity, and decreased the strength of heart contractions. All ewes, except No. 3525, fed locoweed aborted. At necropsy, aborted fetuses had hypertrophy of the heart, right ventricular dilatation, rounded at the apex of the heart, and generalized edema.
Povidone-iodine lavage treatment of experimentally induced equine infectious arthritis
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Jones Robert L. , Norrdin Robert W. , Radin M. Judith 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Both tarsocrural joints of 4 horses were inoculated with 1.5 × 105 colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus. On days 1, 3, and 6, each horse had one tarsocrural joint lavaged with a balanced electrolyte solution and had the contralateral tarsocrural joint lavaged with 0.1% povidone-iodine solution. All horses were orally administered trimethoprim (5 mg/kg)/sufadiazine (25 mg/kg) combination twice daily and phenylbutazone (2 g) once daily for the duration of the study (21 days).
On days 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 14, and 21, synovial fluid specimens were collected and analyzed for color, clarity, total protein concentration, wbc count and differential, and mucin clot-forming ability. Synovial fluid specimens collected on days 1, 3, 6, 9, 14, and 21 were bacteriologically cultured. On day 21, all horses were euthanatized, the tarsocrural joints were opened and examined, synovial membrane specimens were collected, bacteriologically cultured, and histologically evaluated, and articular cartilage specimens were histochemically evaluated. Repeated measures analysis of variance were used to evaluate differences between lavage solutions and among days for objective measurements. A paired t test was used to evaluate differences between solutions for the indices of synovial membrane inflammation and articular cartilage staining intensity with safranin-O-fast green. To be considered significant, the probability of a type-I error was < 0.05.
Significant differences were not found between joints lavaged with electrolyte solution vs povidone-iodine solution for synovial total protein concentration, wbc count, results of synovial fluid and membrane bacteriologie culture, synovial membrane inflammation, or articular cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration. Generally, more synovial membrane surface fibrin was found in joints lavaged with balanced electrolyte solution than in joints lavaged with povidone-iodine solution. Therefore, use of 0.1% povidone-iodine did not have an advantage over use of balanced electrolyte solution as an irrigation solution in through-and-through joint lavage for the treatment of infecious arthritis in the horse.
Characterization and identification of Mycobacterium smegmatis in bovine mastitis
Authors: Schultze W. Donald , Brasso William B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty morphologically similar strains of a Mycobacterium sp isolated from milk of cows with bovine mastitis in the US Department of Agriculture dairy herd were identified as M smegmatis. Mastitis isolates submitted from Vermont and Washington also were identified as M smegmatis. A scheme for presumptive identification of rapidly growing mycobacteria was developed, using culture media and bactériologie techniques commonly used in mastitis diagnostic laboratories. Important tests used were acid-fast staining, rapidity of growth, pigmentation, nitrate reduction, arylsulfatase activity, mucic acid utilization, acid production from galactose, rhamnose, and inositol, and growth at 45 C and 52 C.
Relationship of fetal age at conjunctival exposure of pregnant heifers and Brucella abortus isolation
Authors: Crawford Richard P. , Adams L. Garry , Williams John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pregnant heifers were exposed by a conjunctival inoculation with 1 − 107 colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain 2308. At parturition, milk and uterine samples from dams plus samples from dead calves were cultured bacteriologically for Brucella. The logistic regression probability of B abortus isolation increased from 0.22 to 0.90, as fetal age at exposure of heifers increased from 60 to 150 gestation days. Strain 2308 was recovered at parturition from 14 (64%) of 22, 17 (71%) of 24, and all 28 (100%) heifers that were at gestation days < 127, 127 to 157, and > 157, respectively, at time of exposure. The number of infected heifers and the number of samples positive for B abortus were significantly increased as fetal age at exposure of heifers increased from gestation days < 127 to > 157 (Χ2 > 10, P < 0.005).
Role of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae lipopolysaccharide endotoxin in the pathogenesis of porcine Haemophilus pleuropneumonia
Authors: Udeze Frank A. , Latimer Kenneth S. , Kadis Solomon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intact Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae cells (strain Shope 1, serotype 1), highly purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) obtained from this strain of H pleuropneumoniae, as well as from Escherichia coli 0111:B4, filter-sterilized H pleuropneumoniae cell-free culture supernatant fluid, and heat-inactivated supernatant fluid were given intranasally to CF1 mice and intratracheally to pigs.
Pulmonary lesions induced by H pleuropneumoniae in mice were similar to those induced by H pleuropneumoniae in pigs. Histologically, lungs of mice and pigs killed 1 or 2 days after inoculation with 200 μg of highly purified H pleuropneumoniae lps had lesions similar to one another and were similar to those in mice and pigs given intact H pleuropneumoniae, except that little or no necrosis or hemorrhage was observed. In mice killed 1 or 2 days after inoculation of 200 μg of E coli 0111:B4 lps, pulmonary lesions were similar to those in mice given H pleuropneumoniae lps.
Pulmonary lesions in mice given cell-free culture supernatant fluid obtained from a midlog-phase growth culture of H pleuropneumoniae cultivated in a chemically defined medium were severe and consisted of neutrophil infiltration and extensive necrosis. In mice, the heat-inactivated supernatant fluid produced mild lesions that consisted of foci of neutrophil aggregation and no necrosis. Extensive necrosis observed in lesions caused by cell-free culture supernatant fluid could be attributed to the action of a heat-labile component, perhaps by the extracellular heat-labile hemolysin produced by H pleuropneumoniae cultivated in chemically defined medium. A lps endotoxin and a heat-labile factor may be involved in the pulmonary lesion development in the acute phase of porcine Haemophilus pleuropneumonia.
Association of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis with diarrheal disease in young pigs
Authors: Myers Lyle L. , Shoop Douglas S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (etbf) was isolated from intestinal contents of 10 of 45 pigs with diarrhea. Of 10 etbf-positive pigs, seven were 1 to 4 weeks of age, whereas three pigs had diarrhea after weaning (6 to 8 weeks of age). Of ten pigs infected with etbf, nine were also infected with K88-positive Escherichia coli, rotavirus, Coronavirus, coccidia, or Cryptosporidium. Of 11 conventional pigs exposed to etbf at 1 to 2 days of age, two subsequently developed fatal postweaning diarrhea. An etbf isolate, serologically similar to the challenge-exposure strain, was isolated from the feces of the two diarrheal pigs, but not from three healthy littermates.
Fatal enteric disease occurred in 11 of 12 adult rabbits with ligated ceca after approximately 5 − 109 colony-forming units of etbf were injected into the ileum. Disease in rabbits was characterized by anorexia and severe, mucoid, hemorrhagic diarrhea. Of 11 rabbits given non-etbf or sterile brain-heart infusion broth, ten remained clinically normal during the 7-day observation period.
Risk factors associated with mastitis in dairy goats
Authors: East N. E. , Birnie E. F. , Farver T. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prevalence of intramammary infection in healthy goats was determined from 4,662 composite udder samples taken over a 9-month period. For each doe, a colostral sample and 2 milk samples were collected. Breed, age, number of days not lactating before kidding, number of lactation days, and kidding date were recorded. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp were isolated from 17.5% of does, Staphylococcus aureus from 3.1%, Mycoplasma spp from 1.2%, Streptococcus spp from 0.3%, and gram-negative bacteria from 2.0%. Gram-negative organisms were associated with intermittent infections, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci were associated with persistent infections. Intramammary infection was related to breed, number of days not lactating, and number of lactation days, as determined by log-linear analysis. Does of the Nubian breed, does with nonlactating periods of > 60 days, and does in the first and last third of a standard 305-day lactation appeared to be at higher risk for intramammary infection.
Chronic urinary tract infection in dogs: Induction by inoculation with bacteria via percutaneous nephropyelostomy
Authors: Ling Gerald V. , Lowenstine Linda J. , Gullen John M. , Ackerman Norman , Ruby Annette L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dogs were inoculated via percutaneous nephropyelostomy with bacteria isolated from canine patients with urinary tract infections (4 dogs were inoculated with Escherichia coli, 2 were inoculated with Proteus mirabilis, and 1 was inoculated with coagulase-positive staphylococci). At approximately monthly intervals after bacterial inoculation, bladder urine specimens were collected via antepubic cystocentesis, and renal pelvic urine specimens were collected via percutaneous nephropyelocentesis. Dogs were euthanatized between 89 and 294 days after bacterial inoculation. Extensive microscopic examination was conducted on the urinary tract of each dog.
The dogs did not develop any of the common clinical signs of urinary tract infections (ie, increased frequency of urination, fever, craniodorsal abdominal [renal] pain, or malaise). Inflammation in the lower urinary tract of the dogs was more severe than that in the kidneys. Although pyelitis was present, extension into the outer medulla and renal cortex seemed to be confined to nephropyelostomy tracts. The most severe bladder lesion was found in the dog that developed cystic calculi after inoculation with coagulase-positive staphylococci.
Parvovirus-induced regression of canine transmissible venereal sarcoma
Authors: Yang T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 1981, during the worldwide canine parvovirus (pv) epizootic, canine transmissible venereal sarcomas growing in Beagles in a colony regressed earlier than expected after the dogs became infected with pv. Subsequent studies revealed that modified-live pv vaccine (feline panleu-kopenia virus) was capable of preventing tumor transplantation when the vaccine was inoculated simultaneously with the tumor in a site distant from the implantation site. However, the pv vaccine had no effect if it was inoculated 3 or 18 days after the tumor was transplanted.
Pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations of cephapirin in neonatal foals
Authors: Brown Murray P. , Gronwall Ronald , Gossman Tim B. , Houston A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six healthy foals, from 4 to 6 days of age, were given a single im injection of sodium cephapirin (250 mg/ml) at a rate of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Serum concentrations of cephapirin were measured serially over an 8-hour period. The mean peak serum concentration was 21.2 µg/ ml at 10 minutes. The overall elimination rate constant was 1.06/hr and the elimination half-life was 0.70 hour. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 1.06 L/kg and plasma clearance was 1,105 ml/hr/kg.
Disposition of fenbendazole in the goat
Authors: Short Charles R. , Barker Steven A. , Hsieh Lily C. , Ou Su-Pin , Davis Lloyd E. , Koritz Gary , Neff-Davis Carol A. , Bevill Richard F. , Munsiff Irene J. , Sharma Gopal C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The disposition of fenbendazole was studied in goats after oral or iv administration. Plasma concentration vs time profiles were determined for fenbendazole and all of its metabolites. The total excretion of the drug and its metabolites in urine and feces was also measured for 6 days. A biliary cannula was inserted in 1 goat to study the excretion of fenbendazole and its metabolites into the bile. Fenbendazole was converted to its sulfoxide (oxfendazole), and the sulfone, primary amine, and p-hydroxylated metabolites. The active metabolite, oxfendazole, appeared in plasma, but only trace amounts were found in feces or urine. The major excretory metabolite was p-hydroxyfenbendazole.
Effect of dietary protein on porcine colonic microstructure and function
Authors: Dobesh Gerald D. , Clemens Edgar T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve feeder pigs were used to determine the effects of dietary protein on colonic microstructure and function. Scanning electron microscopy indicated marked differences in mucosal structure of pigs fed 12% vs 20% crude protein. Quantitative assessment of the morphologic features of the colon, using light microscopy, indicated significant differences in the mucosa of pigs fed 12% vs 20% crude protein and significant differences between the proximal and distal portions of the colon. Morphologic changes were associated with differences in the colonic transport of fluids and electrolytes. Dietary protein principally affected the transport of sodium, bicarbonate, and acetate. The transport of total volatile fatty acids and acetate flux were significantly different between the proximal and distal portions of the colon.
Clinical pathologic alterations in horses during a water deprivation test
Authors: Genetzky R. M. , Loparco F. V. , Ledet A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 72-hour water deprivation test was performed in 12 horses to determine clinical pathologic changes. Reference values for electrolyte (X) clearance, expressed as a percentage of creatinine clearance (clCR; %clCRX), were also determined. A comparison was made between urine concentration measurement techniques.
Results of %clCRX determination in 12 horses before water deprivation were 0.034 ± 0.095 %clCRNa, 42.4 ± 9.8 %clCRK, 0.352 ± 0.190 %clCRCl, and 0.710 ± 0.250 %clCRP. During water deprivation, there was individual variation for electrolyte clearances, but Na excretion increased significantly (P < 0.01) at 24 and 48 hours. After 48 hours’ water deprivation, %clCRNa decreased significantly, but was still greater than the initial clearance.
Plasma protein was a better indicator of water deprivation (dehydration) in the horse than was pcv. Electrolyte concentrations in serum and urine were determined. Little significant (P < 0.01) change in acid-base values was noticed after 72 hours’ water deprivation. Urine osmolality (as determined by osmometry) was compared with sp gr (determined by refractometry) in determining urine concentration. Initially, sp gr correlated well with urine osmolality determinations, but this correlation decreased after 48 hours.
Detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 nucleic acid sequences, using a dot-blot hybridization procedure
Authors: Andino R. H. , Torres H. N. , Polacino P. S. , Schudel A. , Palma E. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A sensitive and specific procedure for the detection of Argentine isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1 was developed. The procedure was based on a dot-blot, nucleic acid hybridization, using 32P, nick-translated, plasmidic probes. The probes contained cloned Bam H1 restriction fragments in the left half of the viral genome. The detection limit of the procedure was 10 pg of viral dna.
Humoral immune response of calves to bluetongue virus infection
Authors: MacLachlan N. James , Heidner Hans W. , Fuller Frederick J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Humoral immune responses of 7 calves to bluetongue virus (btv) infection were evaluated by plaque-reduction assay and immunoblotting. Most readily interpretable results were obtained with the immunoblot assay when colostrum-deprived calves were used, and sera were reacted with proteins in partially purified extracts of btv.
Viremia persisted in calves for 35 to 56 days, and btv coexisted in blood for several weeks with virus-specific neutralizing antibody. Calves developed antibody to virus protein 2, the major determinant of virus neutralization, at 14 to 28 days after inoculation; this time interval also coincided with the appearance of neutralizing antibody in serum. Virus clearance in btv-infected calves did not coincide with humoral immune responses to protein 2 or other virion proteins.
Isolation of Cache Valley virus and detection of antibody for selected arboviruses in Michigan horses in 1980
Authors: McLean Robert G. , Calisher Charles H. , Parham Gregory L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples collected in September and November 1980 from 87 horses in southwestern Michigan were examined for virus isolation and for plaque-reduction neutralizing antibody against selected arboviruses. Cache Valley virus was isolated from the blood of a clinically normal horse in St Joseph County in September. The age-specific antibody prevalence for Cache Valley virus indicated enzootic transmission in the study area. The high antibody prevalence and the lack of age-specific antibody prevalence indicated sporadic, but intense, exposure to Jamestown Canyon virus. Low prevalences of antibody were detected for Highlands J, snowshoe hare, St Louis encephalitis, and trivittatus viruses.
Conjunctival and intramuscular vaccination of pigs with a live avirulent strain of Salmonella cholerae-suis
Authors: Kramer Theodore T. , Pardon P. , Marly J. , Bernard Serge 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An avirulent mutant strain of Salmonella cholerae-suis was cloned for resistance to streptomycin and nalidixic acid. The mutant strain 33-13 also was used because of its avirulence and immunogenicity in mice. Weaned pigs were vaccinated with live strain 33-13; 5 pigs were vaccinated by conjunctivally administered 5.5 − 107 organisms (low dose), 5 were conjunctivally administered 5.5 − 109 organisms (high dose), and 5 pigs were administered 5.5 − 109 organisms (high dose) im. Transient fever and transient fecal shedding of the vaccine strain developed in pigs vaccinated im, but not in 2 groups of pigs vaccinated conjunctivally. After intratracheal administration of virulent strain 38-9, nonvaccinated control pigs (n = 9) developed persistent high fever, anorexia, bacteremia, diarrhea, and fecal shedding of strain 38-9, whereas vaccinated pigs remained afebrile and clinically normal. Nonvaccinated and uninfected sentinel pigs (n = 8) were kept in units of 2 pigs with each group of experimental pigs, and remained healthy throughout the experiment. Thirteen vaccinated and 7 nonvaccinated control pigs were killed 42 days after vaccination, and 2 vaccinated, 2 nonvaccinated, and 8 sentinel control pigs were killed 58 days after vaccination. Ten organs were evaluated by quantitative bacteriology on necropsy of all pigs for the presence of vaccine strain 33-13, and for virulent strain 38-9. Strain 33-13 was not found. Lung and liver, lesions were found in most of the nonvaccinated control pigs, with a high frequency of recovery of large numbers of strain 38-9 from the mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs, liver, and ileum. Strain 38-9 was rarely isolated from the 10 organs evaluated in the 3 groups of vaccinated pigs. Sentinel pigs in contact with vaccinated and control pigs were uninfected when killed on day 58.
Immunochemical characterization of proteins from scrapie-infected hamster brain, using immunoblot analysis
Authors: Wade W. F. , Dees C. , German T. L. , Marsh R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Preparations of brain plasma membrane from scrapie-infected or noninfected hamsters were extracted with a î solvent and were used to inoculate rabbits. Antisera evaluated by immunoblot analysis revealed a protein of 45 kD in scrapie-infected hamster brain that had a greater signal compared with proteins of comparable relative mass in noninfected brain. This 45-kD protein was not increased in scrapie-infected mouse, sheep, or goat brain. Seemingly, the 45-kD protein may be a degradation product of glial fibrillary acidic protein.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus in ovine and bovine sera
Authors: Meegan J. M. , Yedloutschnig R. J. , Peleg B. A. , Shy Jaffa , Peters C. J. , Walker J. S. , Shope R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies to Rift Valley fever virus (rvfv) in ovine and bovine sera. Conditions to reduce nonspecific reactions were optimized. The elisa results correlated with those of a plaque-reduction neutralization test, revealing 100% specificity and 90.7% sensitivity. In sera from sheep and cattle inoculated against rvfv, the hemagglutination-inhibition test in combination with the elisa provided a better indication of response to killed rvfv vaccine than did either test alone.