bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis: Chemiluminescent response of bovine peripheral blood leukocytes to living and killed Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli
Authors: Chang Yung-Fu , Renshaw Harland W. , Augustine John L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (ldcl) assay was used to evaluate the response of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes; (neutrophils [pmn]) to living and heat-kilied Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida (type A, serotype 3), and P haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1), and to heat-killed P haemolytica and sterile culture supernatant from living P haemolytica. Control cultures containing pmn that had not been phagocytically stimulated with bacteria had a modest increase in ldcl during the initial 10 minutes of incubation, followed by a gradual decline throughout the 120-minute incubation period. Bovine pmn emitted ldcl more efficiently when the cells were exposed to living E coli or P multocida than when they were exposed to the same bacteria killed by heat. The mean ldcl values for reaction mixtures containing living E coli or P multocida peaked at 30 minutes of incubation and remained above values for mixtures containing the same heat-killed bacteria. Kinetics of the ldcl response of bovine pmn to heat-killed P haemolytica were similar (although reduced in amplitude) to that observed with killed E coli or P multocida. The ldcl response of bovine pmn to living P haemolytica was not like that for E coli or P multocida, and was characterized by the development of a peak response at 10 minutes followed by a precipitous decrease in responsiveness and a subsequent complete cessation of ldcl. Addition of sterile culture supernatant from living P haemolytica to test samples containing heat-killed P haemolytica induced a response similar to that obtained with the living microorganism. Collectively, the results indicated that metabolically active P haemolytica synthesized a heat-labile factor that was released into the culture supernatant and that was retained in a form associated with the cell. This factor, which may be the same as the P haemolytica cytotoxin described by others, had the ability to biologically incapacitate the oxygen-dependent activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in pmn and thereby rendered inoperative an important antimicrobial system of the cell. The ldcl assay may be useful for further evaluations of this factor and for clarification of the factor's importance as a potential virulence factor of P haemolytica.
Frequency of persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in selected cattle herds
Authors: Bolin S. R. , McClurkin A. W. , Coria M. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera and blood buffy coat samples were obtained from 3,157 cattle in 66 selected herds. Antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were detected in 89% of the serum samples by immunoprecipitation or virus-neutralization tests. Cytopathic or noncytopathic bvd viruses were isolated from blood buffy coat samples from 60 cattle in 6 herds. A second blood buffy coat sample was obtained from 54 of the 60 cattle 2 months after the initial sampling, and bvd virus was isolated again from each cow. The 54 cattle were considered persistently infected with bvd virus. The frequency of persistent infection was 1.7%.
Increase of serum lipid-associated sialic acid concentration in dogs with neoplasms
Authors: Poli A. , Arispici M. , Camillo F. , Corazza M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum concentrations of lipid-associated sialic acid (lasa) were determined in sera obtained from 26 apparently healthy dogs (group 1), 56 dogs with nonneoplastic disorders (group 2), and 100 dogs with neoplasms (benign [group 3], malignant [group 4]), using a simple, reliable, rapid spectrophotometric procedure.
The lasa concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in group 4 dogs (malignant neoplasms) when compared with those in dogs from groups 1, 2, and 3.
The sensitivity of the test was between 71.5% and 100%, and specificity was 92.3% for group 1, 67.8% for group 2, and 80.6% for group 3.
A preliminary study concerning variations of serum lasa values as a marker after surgical treatment of tumor showed a good correlation between effectiveness of therapy and serum lasa concentrations.
Microscopic alterations in jejunal epithelium of 3-week-old pigs induced by pig-specific, mouse-negative, heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin
Authors: Whipp Shannon C. , Moseley Steve L. , Moon Harley W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure of swine jejunum to crude culture filtrates containing Escherichia coli pig-specific, mouse-negative, heat-stable enterotoxin (STb) induces structural alterations in the jejunal mucosa of pigs. Two ligated intestinal loops in each of twelve 3-week-old pigs were exposed for 2 hours to sterile E coli culture filtrates from each of the following strains: 431 (STa-producing), 1261 (STa and STb-producing), and 1790 (STb-producing); recombinant strain HB101-pRAS-1 (STb-producing); the nontoxigenic K-12 variant HB101; or trypticase soy broth. Formalin-fixed sections from these loops were examined for sloughed cells around villi, and a lesion score was determined, indicating a change in villous epithelium from columnar to cuboidal or squamous cell types or to discontinuous epithelium. Villous lengths and crypt depths also were determined. For loops exposed to culture filtrates containing STa and STb or containing only STb, lesion scores and numbers of sloughed cells were greater (P < 0.05) and villous length was shorter (P < 0.01) than in loops not exposed to toxin. For loops exposed to culture filtrates containing STa, lesion scores, villus lengths, and numbers of sloughed cells were not different from those of loops not exposed to toxin. Therefore, exposure of swine jejunum to STb induced structural alterations in intestinal mucosa (ie, loss of villous absorptive cells and partial atrophy of villi) that were consistent with those causing compromised absorptive capacity.
Comparison of porous titanium-surfaced and standard smooth-surfaced bone plates and screws in an unstable fracture model in dogs
Authors: Orton E. Christopher , Polher Ortrun , Shenk Robert , Hohn R. Bruce 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bilateral midshaft femoral osteotomies were fixed with a 3-mm fracture gap in 6 dogs. In each dog, one femur was fixed with a porous titanium-surfaced bone plate and screws, whereas the opposite femur was fixed with a standard smooth-surfaced bone plate and screws. The mean removal torque for porous titanium-surfaced screws (32.3 kg·cm) was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than the mean removal torque for standard screws (4.4 kg·cm). Osseous tissue ingrowth into the surface of porous titanium-surfaced screws was verified by histologic examination of the bone-screw interface.
Radiographic and histologic examinations of the osteotomy gaps showed accelerated primary gap healing in osteotomies fixed with porous titanium-coated implants, compared with slower callus healing seen in osteotomies fixed with standard smooth-surfaced implants.
Isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava from sows in Iowa
Authors: Ellis William A. , Thiermann Alex B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava was recovered from 2 of 10 sows examined from an Iowa slaughterhouse. Isolations were made from the kidney and genital tract of each sow. Serovar bratislava is not included in vaccines because it has not been previously isolated in the United States.
Cytotoxicity of bovine lymphocytes after treatment with lymphokines
Authors: Campos Manuel , Rossi Charles R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated from bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes after in vitro stimulation with lymphokines that contained interleukin-2. Lymphokine-stimulated cultures were cytotoxic to K562 cells (human natural killer [nk] targets) and YAC-1 cells (mouse nk targets), but not to HSB-2 cells (human nk targets) in a 4-hour, 51Cr-release assay. Cells generated after lymphokine activation also mediated antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity to HSB-2 cells. Appearance of effector cells as a function of time in culture, method of stimulation, and cold target competition experiments strongly indicated that direct cytotoxicity and antibodydependent cellular cytotoxicity may have been mediated by the same cell. Cells generated by similar conditions were able to mediate cytotoxicity against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-infected target cells, especially in an 18-hour assay.
Efficacy of a morantel sustained-release bolus for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in Florida dairy heifers
Authors: Bradley R. E. , Bliss D. H. , Newby T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effectiveness of a morantel sustained-release bolus (msrb) in controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections was determined in 70 Holstein heifer calves with no prior grazing experience. Calves were allotted to 2 treatment groups and were maintained in Florida during the grazing season on divided pastures of equal area. One msrb was administered to each calf in 1 group at the time of turnout onto spring pasture, whereas calves in the other group remained as nonmedicated controls. By the end of the grazing season, treatment resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower worm burdens and significantly improved weight gains. The msrb-treated calves were able to reach breeding weight 2 to 4 weeks earlier than did nonmedicated calves.
Detection of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus antigens by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique
Authors: Bernard S. , Lantier I. , Laude H. , Aynaud J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, was developed to detect transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigens from cell culture and from intestinal wash or feces obtained from experimentally infected pigs. This technique was shown to be suitable for the detection of virulent field strain unadapted to cell culture. Cross reactions had not been observed with other enteric pathogens, rotavirus, porcine epizootic diarrhea virus, and Escherichia coli.
Increase of serum γ-glutamyltransferase in neonatal Standardbred foals
Authors: Patterson William H. , Brown Christopher M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serial blood samples were obtained from 16 Standardbred foals from time of birth to postpartum day 28. Sera were obtained and analyzed for γ-glutamyltransferase (ggt), aspartate transaminase, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G. Presuckle colostrum from the respective mares of these foals was analyzed for ggt activity.
Mean serum aspartate transaminase activities were significantly increased above presuckle values by postpartum hour 48 (P < 0.01) and increased gradually over the first 14 days. Mean serum IgG concentrations were significantly greater than presuckle values by 5 hours after foals first suckled (P < 0.01) and remained significantly increased during the 28-day sampling period.
Serum ggt activity did not differ significantly over the period sampled. The sd were large, since there was a large degree of interindividual variation. Serum ggt activity in the foals was significantly increased over that in the mares throughout the period of the study. The profile of serum ggt activity over time in each foal did not show a pattern of change. There was no postsuckle increase in serum ggt activity nor a correlation between serum ggt activities and IgG concentrations at 24 hours after foals first suckled. Evidence was not obtained to support a colostric source of ggt involved in the increase of serum ggt activity in foals. Serum ggt activity seems to be increased in foals due to endogenous sources.
Effects of eight weeks of physical conditioning on atherosclerotic plaque in swine
Authors: van Oort Gijs , Gross David R. , Spiekerman A. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of individually prescribed exercise on the regression or interference with deposition of atherosclerotic plaque were studied. Twenty miniature swine allotted, by litter, to a control-diet group (groups CE and CS) and an atherogenic diet group (groups AE and AS). All pigs were subjected to injury (balloon catheter) of the aortic endothelium. They were fed for 8 weeks and after an initial graded exercise test was done, then each group was suballotted to an exercising group (groups CE and AE) or a sedentary group (groups CS and AS). Groups CE and AE (exercised) were given 8 weeks of training. Groups CS and AS (sedentary) were sham exercised during this period. A second graded exercise test was administered to the swine (all groups) before they were euthanatized. Aortas were analyzed for the percentage of area involved and for atherosclerotic plaque density. Samples of blood from the swine after they were fasted were obtained before the start of the project (base line) and once every 2 weeks thereafter. These were analyzed for triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol concentration. Comparison of results of blood lipid analyses from weeks 1, 9, and 15 did not show significant differences within diet groups between exercise and sedentary. Significant differences at weeks 9 and 15 were observed between diet groups (ie, the pigs fed the atherosclerotic diet had higher blood lipids). Plaque formation was not found in the pigs fed the control diet (groups CE and CS). Plaque formation was evident in all pigs fed the atherosclerotic diet (groups AE and AS) with no significant differences between exercised and sedentary groups. We conclude that 8 weeks of exercise conditioning has no effect on deposition or regression of atherosclerotic plaque in miniature swine subjected to marked hyperlipemia and endothelial damage.
Clinical and hematologic variables in ponies with experimentally induced equine ehrlichial colitis (Potomac horse fever)
Authors: Ziemer Ellen L. , Whitlock Robert H. , Palmer Jonathan E. , Spencer Pamela A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical and hematologic variables of 10 ponies with experimentally induced equine ehrlichial colitis (eec; syn: Potomac horse fever) were studied for a 30-day period (6 ponies) or until death (4 ponies). The earliest clinical sign indicative of eec was fever (rectal temperature exceeding 39 C). All ponies became depressed (cns) at various times during the disease, and 90% of the ponies developed diarrhea between 9 and 15 days after infection was induced. The most significant hematologic change was an increase in plasma protein concentration after the onset of fever (P < 0.05). The pcv in all ponies became increased above base line during the diarrheic phase of eec. Forty percent of the ponies developed anemia (pcv ≤ 23%) during the study. White blood cell counts were highly variable, with 80% of the ponies developing leukopenia (wbc < 5,000/μl) during the illness and 60% of ponies developing leukocytosis (wbc > 14,000/μl) after leukopenia was observed. Differential wbc changes varied widely and included neutropenia with a left shift, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia. Serial thrombocyte counts, which were done for only 1 pony, identified the development of marked thrombocytopenia. Some hematologic changes in ponies with eec were similar to those reported in canine monocytic and equine granulocytic ehrlichioses. These data are discussed in the context of the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of eec.
Characterization of feline T and B cells
Authors: Kuramochi T. , Takeishi M. , Ishida T. , Kato K. , Ishida M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Feline peripheral-blood lymphocyte populations (n = 22) were examined for the following markers: rosette formation with guinea pig erythrocytes (gpe-t cells), rosette formation with human rbc (hrbc-t cells), rosette formation with sheep rbc, mixed rosette formation with gpe-T cells and hrbc-t cells (total T cells), erythrocyte antibody-complement rosettes, and surface immunoglobulin. An average of 28% ± 7% (range, 16% to 39%) of the feline lymphocytes formed rosettes with gpe-t cells, and 27% ± 17c (range, 11% to 36%), with hrbc-t cells. An average of 57% ± 97r (range, 33% to 757c) of the lymphocytes formed mixed rosettes. The erythrocyte antibody-complement rosette-forming cells and surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells were found in peripheral blood lymphocytes (10% ± 6% and 24% ± 8%, respectively).
The murine monoclonal antibodies OKT 11 and HuLy-m1, specific for a framework determinant of human E-rosette receptor antigens, cross-reacted with feline cell membrane molecules recognizing a bimolecular complex (45,000 to 50,000 daltons) similar to that described in persons. We investigated the distribution of these E-rosette receptor-like antigens on feline lymphocytes. By complement-mediated lymphocytotoxicity, about 30% of the feline lymphocytes expressed the antigens. When lymphocytes were treated with HuLy-m1 antibody, spontaneous rosette formation with hrbc-t cells was significantly inhibited.
Abortion in sows experimentally infected with African swine fever virus: Pathogenesis studies
Authors: Schlafer Donald H. , Mebus Charles A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen sows that were 38 to 92 days pregnant were experimentally infected with an African swine fever (asf) virus strain of low virulence (Dominican Republic isolate). Seven of 11 sows that were not killed had aborted. The pathogenesis of the abortions was studied, using virus isolation, tissue immunofluoresence, and histopathologic techniques.
African swine fever virus was recovered from 179 of 1,329 (13.5%) fetal tissues tested. The 3 fetal tissues most frequently yielding virus were the fetal placenta, amniotic fluid, and fetal heart blood. Virus was not recovered from fetal tissues obtained from 2 of the aborting sows.
Direct immunofluorescent microscopy for asf viral antigen was done on approximately 1,175 fetal tissues. Although brightly fluorescing cells were common in maternal tissues, specific immunofluorescence was present in only placental tissues from 2 sows.
Microscopic lesions in fetal tissues were inconsistent and included mild focal placentitis, mild heptic degeneration and necrosis, and mild interstitial pneumonia. These changes were not considered to be sufficiently specific to have diagnostic significance.
In marked contrast to these changes in the fetal tissues, maternal tissues had high titers of virus, with marked necrosis of lymphoid tissues, and contained many cells with asf viral antigen. We conclude that specific diagnosis of abortion resulting from asf infection should, therefore, be based on examination of maternal tissues, rather than fetal tissues. The pregnancy failure seems to result from the effects of the virus infection on the dam more so than from direct viral damage to the placenta or fetus.
Shedding of enteric Coronavirus in adult cattle
Authors: Collins James K. , Riegel Cynthia A. , Olson Jerry D. , Fountain Angela 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electron microscopic examination of fecal specimens from adult dairy cows indicated seasonal Coronavirus shedding. Fifty-two cows from a 300 cow herd were monitored for shedding of coronavirus. Approximately 50% to 60% of the cows monitored shed coronavirus during the winter months (November to March) of the first year of the study. During 2 subsequent years of monitoring the same cows, 20% to 30% of the cows shed coronavirus during the winter months. Virus shedding was not detected during the summer months (July to September). Half of the cows monitored were vaccinated with a modified-live rotavirus-coronavirus-Escherichia coli combination vaccine; however, vaccination did not influence seasonal shedding of coronavirus, as compared with shedding in the nonvaccinated cows. In nonvaccinated cows that calved in the winter months, the incidence of coronavirus shedding increased from 20% to 30% during the last 2 months of gestation to 65% to 70% at parturition. In vaccinated cows, the incidence of shedding did not increase at parturition.
Isolation of leptospires from nephritic kidneys of beef cattle at slaughter
Authors: Grégoire Nicole , Higgins Robert , Robinson Yves 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 955 beef cattle slaughtered at an abattoir in Quebec from May to August 1985, 122 (13%) had lesions of focal interstitial nephritis. Nephritic kidneys were collected for leptospiral culture, and matching blood samples were examined serologically. Leptospires were isolated from the kidneys of 35 (29%) cattle. Antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were found in 29 (24%) cattle and to pomona in 13 (10%).
Radiolabeling of equine platelets in plasma with 111In-(2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide) and their in vivo survival
Authors: Coyne Cody P. , Kelly Andrew B. , Hornof William J. , O'Brien Timothy R. , Philp Mary Sue , Lamb James F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A method is presented for the in vitro isolation and radiolabeling of equine platelets with the isotope indium 111 (111In: half-life = 2.8 days, gamma = 173 keV, 89%; 247 keV, 94%). The technique described involves complexing 111In with the lipid-soluble chelating agent, 2-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide (mere), in an aqueous medium. inIn-merc platelet-labeling efficiencies in autologous plasma pretreated with or without ferric citrate reagent were 82 ± 7% and 24 ± 12%, respectively. Mean intravascular survivals of 111In-merc-radiolabeled platelets in 8 healthy horses according to simple linear, exponential, mean, weighted-mean residual sum of squares analysis, and multiple-hit model were 5.5 ± 0.49, 3.5 ± 0.53, 4.5 ± 0.18, 4.3 ± 0.65, and 3.6 ± 0.97 days, respectively.
Esophageal manometry in horses, cows, and sheep during deglutition
Authors: Clark E. Susan , Morris Debra Deem , Whitlock Robert H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Esophageal pressure events during deglutition were evaluated in healthy adult animals (6 horses, 6 cattle, and 5 sheep), using a 3-side hole catheter assembly perfused with water by use of a hydraulic-capillary infusion system. The peak postdeglutition pressure, contraction time, and contraction length were determined for the cranial and caudal esophageal sphincter regions and for each functionally different region within the body of the esophagus. The percentage of deglutitions in which relaxation developed at the sphincter regions and the propagation speed (velocity at which pressure waves traversed the esophagus) for the regions within the body of the esophagus also were determined.
Mean (± sem) resting pressures within the cranial and caudal esophageal sphincter regions in the horse were 84.8 ± 4.39 and 12.7 ± 0.61 mm of Hg, respectively, with postdeglutition peaks of 208.0 ± 4.78 and 100.0 ± 1.06 mm of Hg, respectively. Peak postdeglutition pressure was 92.3 ± 1.59 mm of Hg in the cranial two thirds of the esophageal body and 100.9 ± 1.31 mm of Hg in the caudal third.
Mean resting pressure of the cranial esophageal sphincter region in the cow was 82.0 ± 7.81 mm of Hg, whereas that of the caudal esophageal sphincter region was 20.5 ± 0.36 mm of Hg. The peak postdeglutition pressures for the cranial esophageal sphincter region, proximal portion of the esophageal body, caudal portion of the esophageal body, and caudal esophageal sphincter region in the bovine esophagus were 238.1 ± 2.93, 105.4 ± 1.97, 114.5 ± 1.49, and 112.0 ± 1.20 mm of Hg, respectively.
Mean resting pressures in the cranial and caudal esophageal sphincter regions in sheep were 36.0 ± 4.62 and 10.4 ± 0.21 mm of Hg, respectively. Peak postdeglutition pressures in the cranial and caudal esophageal sphincter regions were 105.7 ± 1.55 and 58.3 ± 0.87 mm of Hg, respectively. Mean peak postdeglutition pressures in the distal, middle, and proximal thirds of the body of the esophagus were 46.5 ± 1.32, 50.0 ± 1.52, and 44.8 ± 1.43 mm of Hg, respectively.