bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociology and Sociological Education in Italy Between Universities and Upper Secondary Schools
Authors: Cubeddu Francesca , Scocco Marta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSociology was first introduced to Italy in 1961, when Franco Ferrarotti became the first tenure track professor in 1960 at Rome’s Sapienza University. The Institute of Sociology was founded in the 1963/1964 academic year, and in 1962, the first Faculty of Sociology was established at the University of Trento. The process of formation is rather late when considering both the development of sociology as an autonomous science and the historical evolution of the various European universities. Sociology is now widely recognised as a discipline in Italy and is taught at universities as part of both bachelor’s and master's degree programmes, as well as in high schools (known as secondary schools of first level) for students aged 14 to 18/19. This work presents the development of sociology in Italy and its formation. Beginning with the development of sociology, it provides a historical analysis of its scientific recognition, role within the social system, and evolution as a science and association. It then explores the disciplin’s place in the Italian university educational system, analyzing its changes over the years. Finally, it discusses the formation of sociology within schools.
What’s the safest way home? Mapping safe transport routes in South Africa with (and without) crime data
Authors: Theron K. , Breetzke Gregory 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Safety is arguably the single biggest daily concern for commuters. Popular navigation software systems such as Google Maps, TomTom and Waze do not however currently give the same weight of consideration to crime risk when directing road users to the safest and shortest routes as they do existing traffic knowledge. In this study we propose three simple methods to delineate the safest and shortest route between any two locations in South Africa considering crime risk. The first method uses historical crime data to delineate the safest and shortest route; the second method, uses only the location of so-called ‘risky facilities’ to determine the safest and shortest route; while the third method uses a combination of both historical crime data and facility data to delineate the optimal route. We contrast the resultant routes delineating by these three methods and speculate on the policy implications of integrating this knowledge into future navigation software systems.
Evaluation of the Patients with the Diagnosis of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia: A Multicenter National Study
Authors: Cavusoglu Dilek , Ozturk Gulten , Turkdogan Dilsad , Kurul Semra Hiz , Yis Uluc , Komur Mustafa , Incecik Faruk , Kara Bulent , Sahin Turkan , Unver Olcay , Dilber Cengiz , Mert Gulen Gul , Gunay Cagatay , Uzan Gamze Sarikaya , Ersoy Ozlem , Oktay Yavuz , Mermer Serdar , Tuncer Gokcen Oz , Gungor Olcay , Ozcora Gul Demet Kaya , Gumus Ugur , Sezer Ozlem , Cetin Gokhan Ozan , Demir Fatma , Yilmaz Arzu , Gurbuz Gurkan , Topcu Meral , Topaloglu Haluk , Ceylan Ahmet Cevdet , Ceylaner Serdar , Gleeson Joseph G. , Icagasioglu Dilara Fusun , Sonmez F. Mujgan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by hypoplasia and degeneration of the cerebellum and pons. We aimed to identify the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of the patients with diagnosed PCH with confirmed genetic analysis. We collected available clinical data, laboratory, and imaging findings in our retrospective multicenter national study of 64 patients with PCH in Turkey. The genetic analysis included the whole-exome sequencing (WES), targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), or single gene analysis. Sixty-four patients with PCH were 28 female (43.8%) and 36 (56.3%) male. The patients revealed homozygous mutation in 89.1%, consanguinity in 79.7%, pregnancy at term in 85.2%, microcephaly in 91.3%, psychomotor retardation in 98.4%, abnormal neurological findings in 100%, seizure in 63.8%, normal biochemistry and metabolic investigations in 92.2%, and dysmorphic findings in 51.2%. The missense mutation was found to be the most common variant type in all patients with PCH. It was detected as CLP1 (n = 17) was the most common PCH related gene. The homozygous missense variant c.419G > A (p.Arg140His) was identified in all patients with CLP1. Moreover, all patients showed the same homozygous missense variant c.919G > T (p.A307S) in TSEN54 group (n = 6). In Turkey, CLP1 was identified as the most common causative gene with the identical variant c.419G > A; p.Arg140His. The current study supports that genotype data on PCH leads to phenotypic variability over a wide phenotypic spectrum.
Augmenting sentiment prediction capabilities for code-mixed tweets with multilingual transformers
Authors: Hashmi Ehtesham , Yayilgan Sule Yildirim , Shaikh Sarang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
People in the modern digital era are increasingly embracing social media platforms to express their concerns and emotions in the form of reviews or comments. While positive interactions within diverse communities can considerably enhance confidence, it is critical to recognize that negative comments can hurt people’s reputations and well-being. Currently, individuals tend to express their thoughts in their native languages on these platforms, which is quite challenging due to potential syntactic ambiguity in these languages. Most of the research has been conducted for resource-aware languages like English. However, low-resource languages such as Urdu, Arabic, and Hindi present challenges due to limited linguistic resources, making information extraction labor-intensive. This study concentrates on code-mixed languages, including three types of text: English, Roman Urdu, and their combination. This study introduces robust transformer-based algorithms to enhance sentiment prediction in code-mixed text, which is a combination of Roman Urdu and English in the same context. Unlike conventional deep learning-based models, transformers are adept at handling syntactic ambiguity, facilitating the interpretation of semantics across various languages. We used state-of-the-art transformer-based models like Electra, code-mixed BERT (cm-BERT), and Multilingual Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers (mBART) to address sentiment prediction challenges in code-mixed tweets. Furthermore, results reveal that mBART outperformed the Electra and cm-BERT models for sentiment prediction in code-mixed text with an overall F1-score of 0.73. In addition to this, we also perform topic modeling to uncover shared characteristics within the corpus and reveal patterns and commonalities across different classes.
A Systematic Review on the Technical Feasibility of Home-Polysomnography for Diagnosis of Sleep Disorders in Adults
Authors: Braun M. , Stockhoff M. , Tijssen M. , Dietz-Terjung S. , Coughlin S. , Schöbel C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The increasing demand for sleep diagnostic studies represents a challenge for many healthcare systems. Home polysomnography (hPSG), either set up by a technician or self-applied by the patient, provides comprehensive sleep signals and has the potential to replace in-lab sleep studies in a large number of cases.The aim of this study is to assess the existing evidence regarding the technical feasibility of hPSG in a systematic review. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify relevant research. Using a priori-defined inclusion criteria, studies were reviewed by three researchers, and a quality assessment was conducted. Relevant data were extracted, and the pooled failure rate with hPSG was computed. Additional subgroup analyses were conducted to further assess factors influencing technical feasibility.

Recent Findings
Thirty studies totaling 14,465 patients were included (mean sample size 482 ± 1289 participants). Common deployment models for hPSG were at-home application by a technician (58%) and technician-led in-hospital set-up (31%), followed by at-home self-application by the patient (11%). Technical failure rate across the studies ranged from 0 to 23.4%, with a pooled failure rate of 7.8% (95% CI 5.5–10.1%). Depending on deployment models, failure rates varied slightly. Failures of hPSG were largely related to signal acquisition. No studies reported adverse events from hPSG. Patient preferences were assessed by eleven studies, with 56% (range 22–95%) preferring hPSG over in-lab recording.

Summary
Based on the research identified for this review, home PSG is safe and technically feasible with relatively low failure rates. Further research is required to better understand decision-making with this tool in comparison to other sleep diagnostic procedures.
Consistency-constrained RGB-T crowd counting via mutual information maximization
Authors: Guo Qiang , Yuan Pengcheng , Huang Xiangming , Ye Yangdong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of thermal imaging data in RGB-T images has demonstrated its usefulness in cross-modal crowd counting by offering complementary information to RGB representations. Despite achieving satisfactory results in RGB-T crowd counting, many existing methods still face two significant limitations: (1) The oversight of the heterogeneous gap between modalities complicates the effective integration of multimodal features. (2) The absence of mining consistency hinders the full exploitation of the unique complementary strengths inherent in each modality. To this end, we present C4-MIM, a novel Consistency-constrained RGB-T Crowd Counting approach via Mutual Information Maximization. It effectively leverages multimodal information by learning the consistency between the RGB and thermal modalities, thereby enhancing the performance of cross-modal counting. Specifically, we first advocate extracting feature representations of different modalities in a shared encoder to moderate the heterogeneous gap since they obey the identical coding rules with shared parameters. Then, we intend to mine the consistent information of different modalities to better learn conducive information and improve the performance of feature representations. To this end, we formulate the complementarity of multimodality representations as a mutual information maximization regularizer to maximize the consistent information of different modalities, in which the consistency would be maximally attained before combining the multimodal information. Finally, we simply aggregate the feature representations of the different modalities and send them into a regressor to output the density maps. The proposed approach can be implemented by arbitrary backbone networks and is quite robust in the face of single modality unavailable or serious compromised. Extensively experiments have been conducted on the RGBT-CC and DroneRGBT benchmarks to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its superior performance compared to the SOTA approaches.
A collective neurodynamic approach to distributed resource allocation with event-triggered communication
Authors: Cai Xin , Gao Bingpeng , Nan Xinyuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo solve a distributed optimal resource allocation problem, a collective neurodynamic approach based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is proposed in this paper. Multiple RNNs cooperatively solve a global constrained optimization problem in which the objective function is a total of local non-smooth convex functions and is subject to local convex sets and a global equality constraint. Different from the projection dynamics to deal with local convex sets in the existing work, an internal dynamics with projection output is designed in the algorithm to relax the Slater’s condition satisfied by the optimal solution. To overcome continuous-time communication in a group of RNNs, an aperiodic communication scheme, called the event-triggered scheme, is presented to alleviate communication burden. It is analyzed that the convergence of the designed collective neurodynamic approach based on the event-triggered communication does not rely on global information. Furthermore, it is proved the freeness of the Zeno behavior in the event-triggered scheme. Two examples are presented to illustrate the obtained results
Shock Response of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Under Explosive Loading
Authors: Torres S. M. , Hargather M. J. , Kimberley J. , Robey R. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dynamic response of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is well understood for one-dimensional planar impact shocks, but limited research has been performed on the response of PMMA under spherical shock loading. In this work, the shock decay of an explosively-driven shock wave into PMMA was experimentally measured. PMMA cubes of various geometries were explosively loaded with an RP-80 detonator to produce the explosive shock wave. High-speed schlieren imaging was implemented to measure the explosively-driven shock wave velocity throughout the PMMA cubes. Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) was used to measure the particle velocity imparted by the shock wave at the surface of the cubes. The material shock response was studied at distances from 21.91 to 133.3 mm from the explosive source. The particle velocity history measured by PDV was compared to the wave profile visualized in the high-speed images. The shock wave pulse amplitude decreased with increased distance from the source. The conducted experiments extend the PMMA shock Hugoniot relating to the lower shock and particle velocity regime.
Functional graded NiTi manufactured with powder bed fusion
Authors: Weber Rico , Tosoratti Enrico , Spierings Adriaan B. , Wegener Konrad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNickel–titanium (NiTi) is a versatile material with unique inherent properties, such as shape recovery, superelasticity, and biocompatibility, that makes it suitable for various engineering applications. While NiTi can be additively manufactured using powder bed fusion for metals (PBF-LB/M), challenges arise due to the material sensitivity to process parameters and the challenge of achieving desired mechanical and functional properties. Mechanical and functional properties of NiTi are highly influenced by the alloy composition which in turn is affected by the process parameters. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of tailoring the properties of NiTi to manufacture functionally graded structures. Promising shape recovery strains of 4.16$$\%$$
%
and superelastic strains of 7$$\%$$
%
under compression are achieved with cycling stability outperforming the conventional manufactured NiTi. By varying the process parameters, the austenite finish temperature could be shifted between 29 ± 5 $$^\circ$$

∘

C and 72 ± 5 $$^\circ$$

∘

C, while achieving a maximum relative material density of 99.4$$\%$$
%
. Finally, the study demonstrates the potential of powder bed fusion to manufacture complex and functional graded structures, enabling spatial control. This potential is showcased through the sequential actuation of a demonstrator structure. The findings of this research highlight the promising capabilities of powder bed fusion in producing functional graded NiTi structures, with potential applications in robotics, aerospace, and biomedical fields.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of vanadium pentoxide–based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Alhawa Dima Abu , Badreldin Ahmed , El-Ghenymy Abdellatif , Hassan Noor , Wubulikasimu Yiming , Elsaid Khaled , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA key approach towards better realization of intermittent renewable energy resources, namely, solar and wind, is green electrochemical hydrogen production from water electrolysis. In recent years, there have been increasing efforts aimed at developing noble metal-free electrocatalysts that are earth-abundant and electroactive towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes, wherein an initial water dissociation step is followed by a two-electron transfer cathodic reaction. Although relatively earth-abundant, vanadium-based electrocatalysts have been sparsely reported due to subpar electroactivity and kinetics towards water electrolysis in general and alkaline electrolysis in specific. Herein, we investigate the fine-tuning of orthorhombic V2O5-based electrocatalysts as candidates for HER through a scalable two-step sol–gel calcination procedure. Briefly, surface-induced anionic oxygen deficiencies and cationic dopants are synergistically studied experimentally and theoretically. To that end, first-principle facet-dependent density function theory (DFT) calculations were conducted and revealed that the coupling of certain dopants on V2O5 and co-induction of oxygen vacancies can enhance the catalytic HER performance by the creation of new electronic states near the Fermi level (EF), enhancing conductivity, and modulating surface binding of adsorbed protons, respectively. This was reflected experimentally through kinetically non-ideal alkaline electrochemical HER using Zn0.4V1.6O5 whereby − 194 mV of overpotential was required to attain − 10 mA/cm2 of current density, as opposed to pristine V2O5 which required 32% higher overpotential requirement at the same conditions. The disclosed work can be extended to other intrinsically sluggish transition metal (TM)–based oxides via the presented systematic tuning of surface and bulk microenvironment modulation.
Graphical Abstract
Experimental Study on Reutilization of Waste Rubber Chips with Sheetpiles as a Coupled-Wave Barrier to Reduce Ground-Borne Vibrations
Authors: Toygar Onur , Ulgen Deniz , Fidan Numan Burak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Environmental and man-made vibrations due to various sources have become an environmental issue in recent years. Wave barriers such as open and in-filled trenches have been commonly used in the mitigation of these vibrations. Even though the open trench has exhibited better performance than the others, it may not be applicable or feasible in many cases. Therefore, soft and stiff barriers have been used for the same purpose. The present study aims to reveal the vibration isolation performance of not only single barriers such as rubber chips in-filled trenches and sheetpiles but also a novel barrier, rubber chips-sheetpile coupled barriers.

Methods
Rubber chips and sheetpiles were employed as soft and stiff wave barriers, respectively. The screening effectiveness of rubber chips, sheetpiles and their coupled form was examined through comprehensive field tests. Vibrations having frequencies in the range of 10–80 Hz were generated by a state-of-the-art mobile seismic shaker and measured by highly sensitive acceleration and velocity pickups in the absence and presence of these wave barriers. The effectiveness of the wave barriers was quantitatively determined.

Results and conclusion
While the sheetpile was more effective than rubber chips at low frequencies, the case was vice versa at higher frequencies. However, the coupled wave barrier outperformed other barriers in each case. If one barrier could not provide the required amount of isolation or is only effective within a limited range of frequency, using a coupled barrier with the installation of the other may significantly provide better vibration isolation.
Association of trauma informed service learning with students’ knowledge, attitudes and confidence
Authors: Cabey Whitney V. , Tristani Kaelah , Strand Nicolle , Jones Nora , Sagin Hannah , Wright Steuart , Reeves Kathleen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUp to 90% of American adults have had prior exposure to trauma but medical education in Trauma Informed Care (TIC) remains limited. We integrated a TIC curriculum into a pre-clerkship medical student service learning program and measured its association with TIC knowledge, attitudes and confidence after year 1. 353 students participated in the pretest. 103 matched pairs are included in the final analysis. To assess gains from the curriculum, we utilized three instruments: Attitudes Towards Trauma Informed Care, a confidence instrument originally designed for social work students, and a knowledge assessment. We used paired t-tests to assess for score differences between administrations and fit a predictive model for change in score using a generalized estimating equations model. The average unadjusted sum score on the pretest was high—23.5 out of 30 (IQR 22.0–25.3). 69.7% of students somewhat or strongly agreed they had previously heard of TIC. Statistically significant negative associations were found between sum score, Black, Asian/PI, and biracial identities, second-year medical student status and prior familiarity with TIC. Average posttest scores in the matched cohort increased by 1.37 points (95% CI, 0.82–1.91). In the GEE model, Asian/PI race, biracial identity and being a second-year medical student remained statistically significant predictors of lower TIC scores, while identifying as a woman was positively associated. Further study is needed to contextualize these scores and to continue seeking effective resources for increasing clinicians’ capacity to practice TIC.
Inside the black mirror: current perspectives on the role of social media in mental illness self-diagnosis
Authors: Corzine Anjuli , Roy Ananya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the existing literature on the role of identity in mental illness and self-diagnostic behavior among individuals on social media. In this paper, we consolidate existing frameworks for illness identity formation based on principles of social contagion and community formation principles to conceptualize abnormal behaviors related to social media use, including Munchausen’s by Internet, mass social media-induced illness, and mass sociogenic illness. The importance of a diagnosis in personal identity formation and ingroup involvement is an emergent theme in this review. Social media communities represent a cultural antithesis of the medical establishment by rejecting healthcare expertise and creating spaces whose membership is only afforded through a psychiatric diagnosis for individuals to participate in shared experiences. Clinical implications of these findings include tools to identify and dismantle harmful self-pathologizing of normal behavioral variants in young adults who present with specific symptomatology.
The ambiguity of “true” in English, German, and Chinese
Authors: Reuter Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThrough a series of empirical studies involving native speakers of English, German, and Chinese, this paper reveals that the predicate “true” is inherently ambiguous in the empirical domain. Truth statements such as “It is true that Tom is at the party” seem to be ambivalent between two readings. On the first reading, the statement means “Reality is such that Tom is at the party.” On the second reading, the statement means “According to what X believes, Tom is at the party.” While there appear to exist some cross-cultural differences in the interpretation of the statements, the overall findings robustly indicate that “true” has multiple meanings in the realm of empirical matters.