bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible intramedullary nails for unstable fractures of the tibia in children
Authors: Vallamshetla V. R. P. , De Silva U. , Bache C. E. , Gibbons P. J. 
Published: March 2006

Flexible intramedullary nailing is gaining popularity as an effective method of treating long-bone fractures in children. We retrospectively reviewed the records and radiographs of 56 unstable fractures of the tibia in 54 children treated between March 1997 and May 2005. All were followed up for at least two months after the removal of the nails. Of the 56 tibial fractures, 13 were open. There were no nonunions. The mean time to clinical and radiological union was ten weeks. Complications included residual angulation of the tibia, leg-length discrepancy, deep infection and failures of fixation. All achieved an excellent functional outcome. We conclude that flexible intramedullary fixation is an easy and effective method of management of both open and closed unstable fractures of the tibia in children.
Can pre-operative skin marking transfer methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between patients?
Authors: Wilson J. , Tate D. 
Published: March 2006

National guidelines state that in patients undergoing operations the site of the procedure should be marked. In clinical practice the same marker is used repeatedly. We are not aware of any investigation regarding the theoretical risk of transferring organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA) between patients by a skin marker. In an experimental setting, Penflex and Viomedex skin markers were tested 30 times each after contaminating them with a standard inoculum of MRSA. The survival of the organism on the tip of the markers was assessed by culture on MRSA-indicator nutrient agar plates at 0, 5, 15 and 60 minutes, 24 and 48 hours and at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after contamination. There was a significant difference between the markers, with the Penflex showing no survival of MRSA after 15 minutes whereas the Viomedex product continued to produce MRSA cultures for up to three weeks.
Multiple primary malignant neoplasms — case report
Authors: Amalinei Cornelia , Balan Raluca , Ivan Luminita , Socolov Razvan , Socolov Demetra , Cotutiu Coriolan 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The synchronous occurence of primary carcinomas of endometrium and ovary is well recognized. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) may also rarely occur in patients diagnosed with malignancies of the female genital tract. We report a rare case of synchronous primary carcinomas of endometrium and ovary, followed by a metachronous retroperitoneal MPNST. Ascites cytology and endometrial biopsy, followed by hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, were performed to remove the synchronous tumors. Histology was suggestive of synchronous endometrial endometrioid carcinoma and ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma. After the removal of the retroperitoneal tumor, a MPNST was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. The patient developed two consecutive vaginal tumors diagnosed as metastases of the previously diagnosed endometrial carcinoma. Although synchronous tumors of endometrium and ovary were relatively early staged and consequently had a favorable prognosis, subsequently occuring implants along the lower genital tract and the metachronous MPNST added up to a poor prognosis.
Radiofrequency pulmonary veins isolation of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement
Authors: Grabowski Maciej , Hryniewiecki Tomasz , Gawałkiewicz Tomasz , Stępińska Janina , Biederman Andrzej 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) is useful method in patients (pts) with mitral valve disease (MVD) and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) during prosthetic valve implantation.
The aim of the study: To evaluate e.ectiveness of PVI in the treatment of AF in pt with MVD during valve implantation.
Material and methods: 45 pts (mean age 55 yrs) with AF were operated on for MVD.RF ablation around the pulmonary veins, a lesion between them and to the mitral annulus were performed. There were 44 prostheses implanted, 1 case of mitral valve annuloplasty, associated with tricuspid valve repair (5 pts), aorto-coronary bypass procedure (2 pts), ASD II closure (1 pt).
Results: SR was achieved in 2 (44,5%) pts, 21 (46,5%)pts were in AF, 4 (9%) pts needed pacing. No correlation between SR restoration and preoperative echocardiographic parameters, age, gender, NYHA functional class were found. In long-term follow-up 1 pt have reversed AF to SR spontaneously. There were 6 cases of paroxysmal AF,1 pt needed pacemaker implantation. 20 (44,5%) pts are in SR, 20 (44,5%) in AF, 5 (11%) in permanent pacing.
Conclusion: PVI with RF use is effective in restoring sinus rhythm in patients with chronic AF secondary to mitral valve disease.
Evaluation of TV cell line viral susceptibility using conventional cell culture techniques
Authors: Bleotu Coralia , Diaconu Carmen , Chivu Mihaela , Alexiu Irina , Ruta Simona , Cernescu Costin 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Despite the fact that a lot of methods have been developed for rapid virus detection, classic cell culture is still “the golden standard”. The range of viruses that can be isolated and cultured in cell line systems is often limited by the susceptibility of cells to support viral replication. Since the primary cell culture, the best cellular system available to support replication of a large number of viruses, is very expensive and diffcult to obtain, cell lines, which are easier to manipulate, are commonly used for virus growth and isolation.
In two previous papers we described the TV cell line initiated by our team from a laryngeal tumor, which harbors human papillomavirus (HPV) gene sequences. In this paper we analyze its capacity to support virus replication. Depending on the virus, different cytopathic effects were produced. Comparison of viral effect observed on this cell line with the effect obtained on other cell lines has been performed. This cell line might be used in the clinical virology laboratory for virus isolation.
Estimate of antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in plasma of healthy subjects
Authors: Gorąca Anna , Skibska Beata 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Serum contains various antioxidant molecules that may provide important protection against free radical attack. The aim of this work was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and a marker of lipid per oxidation [(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)] in plasma of healthy smoking and non-smoking young and elderly subjects. In addition, we investigated plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. In in vitro experiments, the effects of exogenous compounds (ascorbic acid, uric acid, Trolox) on total ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were also tested. We demonstrated that total antioxidant capacity of plasma obtained from healthy non-smoking young subjects was significantly higher than plasma antioxidant capacity of smoking elderly subjects. The concentration of TBARS in young non-smoking volunteers was lower than that in young smokers. The concentration of TBARS in elderly non-smoking volunteers was lower than in elderly smokers. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were significantly lower in elderly smoker than in elderly non-smokers of the same age. No difference in the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were found in 22-year-old smoking and non-smoking subjects. In vitro addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid, or Trolox to plasma samples significantly increased their total antioxidant capacity. Decrease of FRAP values and increase of TBARS concentrations is a significant physiologic condition of the aging process. Supplementation of antioxidants could be useful for the enhancement of antioxidant screen in plasma.
Cytostatic therapy and blood antioxidants/prooxidants balance in acute myeloblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Gerova Daniela , Gerov Vladimir , Yankova Tatyana , Gercheva Liana , Ivanova Diana 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
To analyze the effects of conventional polychemotherapy of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) patients on the prooxidants/antioxidants balance in plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and a single plasma antioxidant — uric acid (UA) were measured. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by malonedialdehyde (MDA) content. Total serum iron was monitored as a potential source of nontransferrin-bound iron with a role in initiation of oxidative burst. A group of patients in the acute phase of AML (group A) and a group of patients in complete remission of AML (group B) were studied. A strong correlation between UA values and TAS (r = 0.8 for group A, r = 0.9 for group B) was revealed in the course of the treatment. Strong negative correlation (r = −0.9) between TAS and MDA was shown for both groups. Total iron significantly increased in the course of chemotherapy. We have established that polychemotherapy leads to the consumption of antioxidants and increased lipid peroxidation in AML patients. An appropriate supplementation with antioxidants at the end of the polychemotherapy treatment could be considered.
Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: The Formation and Effects of Doping‐Induced Micro Shorts
Authors: Shin J.‐H. , Xiao S. , Edman L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA planar surface cell structure has been utilized to investigate a polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC), consisting of an active‐material mixture of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) and an ionic liquid, tetra‐n‐butylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, contacted by Au electrodes. It is shown that diffuse and needle‐shaped doping fronts originate from the electrodes (p‐type from the positive electrode and n‐type from the negative electrode) during the charging process at a temperature (T) of 393 K. After a turn‐on time, a significant portion of the doping fronts makes contact close to the negative electrode to form a light‐emitting p–i–n junction, but at some points p‐type doping protrudes all the way to the negative electrode to form what are effectively micro shorts. It is shown that the consequences of such doping‐induced micro shorts during a subsequent stabilized “frozen junction” operation at T = 200 K are drastic: the current‐rectification ratio (RR) is low and the quantum efficiency (QE) is far from optimum. Both RR and QE increase significantly during long‐term operation under frozen‐junction conditions, demonstrating that the lifetime of the doping‐induced micro shorts is limited even under such stabilized conditions. Still, it is clear that it is critical for the optimization and further development of LECs to find new types of active material and electrode combinations that allow for formation of a continuous p–i–n junction in the center of the interelectrode gap.
Particle migration in the rotating flow between co‐axial disks
Authors: Abatan Adetola A. , McCarthy Joseph J. , Vargas Watson L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe experimentally examine a dilute suspension of non‐neutrally buoyant spherical particles migrating in a simple mixing tank at small but finite Reynolds numbers. We observe that the particles spontaneously migrate to repeatable non‐trivial asymptotic locations within toroidal structures, located above and below at‐disk impellers. The asymptotic migration positions include both the exact center of the torus and intermediate higher‐order cluster locations within the flow whose stability is dependent on flow and particle conditions. Furthermore, we note that the particle clusters seem to coincide with the location of unmixed islands within the underlying fluid flow. We also observe a migratory competition when multiple particles are introduced into the flow. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Ternary blends of acrylic rubber, poly(butylene terephthalate), and liquid crystalline polymer: Influence of interactions on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Kumar E. Shiva , Yadaw S. B. , Pandey K. N. , C. K. Das  
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe ternary blends of acrylate rubber (ACM), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) were prepared by varying the amount of LCP but fixing the ratio of ACM and PBT, using melt mixing procedure. The influence of interactions on thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of the blends was investigated over the complete composition range. The techniques applied were Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed reduction in the intensity of the peak corresponding to epoxy groups of ACM with increasing heating time at 290°C. This implies that there is a chemical reaction between the epoxy and end groups of PBT and LCP. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the blends were affected depending on the LCP weight percent in the ACM/PBT blend, respectively. This further suggests the strong interfacial interactions between the blend components. In presence of ACM, the nucleating effect of LCP was more pronounced for the PBT phase. The thermogravimetric study showed improved thermal stability for the blends with the increasing LCP content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3904–3912, 2006
Preparation of nano‐ and microparticles through self‐assembly of azobenzene‐pendent ionomers
Authors: Mori Takeshi , Yuyama Keijiro , Narita Kanae , Minagawa Keiji , Haraguchi Masanobu , Tanaka Masami 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe particle formation of azobenzene‐containing ionomers, through self‐assembly, in aqueous media (THF/H2O solvent) was studied. The ionomers were synthesized by copolymerization between azobenzene‐pendent methacrylate and methacrylic acid. It was revealed by UV–vis spectra and light scattering measurements that the extent of H‐aggregation of the azobenzene units first decreased, and then increased with increasing volume fraction of H2O of the solvent. The H2O fraction at which the extent of H‐aggregation began to increase became lower, when the copolymers contained more azobenzene units. Colloidal particles were prepared by slow addition of various concentrations of aqueous NaOH to the copolymer THF solutions. The hydrodynamic diameters of the particles obtained by the procedures were several hundreds of nanometer. When the azobenzene unit content in the copolymer was smaller, the diameters of the particles became smaller. When the colloidal particles dispersions were cast on a carbon sheet and dried, the particles aggregated and formed larger spherical particles, with diameters of several micrometers. The size of the particles obtained by the drying process became smaller, when higher concentrations of aqueous NaOH solutions were used. Therefore, the particle sizes were controlled by the azobenzene units content in the copolymers and the concentration of aqueous NaOH solutions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3913–3918, 2006
High density polyethylene/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blend. II. Effect of hydroxyapatite on processing, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Lim K. L. K. , Ishak Z. A. Mohd , Ishiaku U. S. , Fuad A. M. Y. , Yusof A. H. , Czigany T. , Pukanzsky B. , Ogunniyi D. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) is part of bone mineral composition. Several attempts have been made to incorporate HA into high density polyethylene (HDPE) to produce bone replacement biomaterials since neat HDPE is not suitable as bone replacement. The blending of HDPE with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) up to 50% by weight was performed with the aim of improving the toughness of composites. Reinforcement of blend with HA of up to 50% by weight was carried out. Methods of characterizing the composites included density, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, ash content, and morphological examination using scanning electron microscope. For the mechanical properties of the composites, tensile, flexural, and impact tests were carried out. Incorporation of HA into HDPE has resulted in the brittleness of the composites. Blending of HDPE with UHMWPE in the presence of HA was found to improve the mechanical properties and promote a ductile failure of the resulting composites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3931–3942, 2006
Oil resistance and physical properties of in situ epoxidized natural rubber from high ammonia concentrated latex
Authors: Chuayjuljit S. , Yaowsang C. , Na‐Ranong N. , Potiyaraj P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEpoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was prepared via in situ epoxidation from high ammonia concentrated natural rubber latex with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a surfactant at 50°C for 4, 8, and 12 h. The obtained ENRs containing 20, 45, and 65 mol % of expoxide groups were denoted ENR20, ENR45, and ENR65, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetric study revealed that they exhibited higher glass transition temperatures than that of natural rubber (−62.4°C), at −38.2°C for ENR20, −27.8°C for ENR45, and −19.7°C for ENR 65. It was clearly seen that their glass transition temperatures increased as the amount of epoxide groups increased. The prepared ENRs were compounded and vulcanized to prepare test specimens for determination of oil resistance and various physical properties. It was found that the swelling of ENRs in oils was substantially less than that of natural rubber. The oil resistance of ENR65 was comparable to that of nitrile rubber, commonly used as oil resistant rubber. ENR65 also showed higher hardness than other ENRs. Contrarily, ENR20 possessed superior tensile strength and compression set when compared with other ENRs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3948–3955, 2006
Thermal and viscoelastic properties of sequentially polymerized networks composed of benzoxazine, epoxy, and phenalkamine curing agents
Authors: Rao B. S. , Pathak S. K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBy using different ratios of phenalkamine/epoxy (EP) and benzoxazine/epoxy (EB), copolymer networks have been prepared sequentially by partially curing at low temperature followed by a final cure at high temperature. A single exothermic peak was observed in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for the high‐temperature curing. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed a single tan δ peak, indicating no phase separation. The copolymer networks showed Tg values lower than the parent EB polymer network. Incorporation of EP in small percentage in the copolymer networks has improved the storage modulus and crosslink densities and the maximum value was observed for a sample containing 80% EB with respect to EP content. The thermal stability of the copolymer networks is better than that of the individual networks. The char yield value at 600°C increased with increasing EB percentage in the networks. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3956–3965, 2006
Study on morphology, crystallization behaviors of highly filled maleated polyethylene‐layered silicate nanocomposites
Authors: Xie Yunchuan , Yu Demei , Kong Jie , Fan Xiaodong , Qiao Wenqiang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe influences of organically modified montmorillonite (MMT) on morphology, crystallization behaviors of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (mPE) are investigated by using wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). WAXD and TEM results indicate that the molecules of mPE had been inserted into interlayer of the organoclay, and the final morphology of the hybrid changes from exfoliated type to intercalated type gradually with the increasing content of the clay, which is determined by the equilibrium between interfacial interaction of mPE‐clay and van der Waals attraction of clay–clay. It is suggested that MMT could affect the crystallization process of mPE in two ways: First, MMT can provide heterogeneous surface and facilitate nucleation step; then, the silicates as diffusion or displacement barriers may restrict the growth step. However, the clay has no significant effects on the total nonisothermal crystallization rate. Otherwise, study on the dynamic mechanical properties show that the storage modulus of the hybrid is around 30% higher than that of the polymer matrix. And the motions of molecular relaxation and conformational transitions both in noncrystalline and crystalline phases are confined by the strong interactions between the polymer and the clay. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4004–4011, 2006
Thermodynamic and sorption behavior of U(VI) and Th(IV) on unsaturated polyester–styrene polymeric beads
Authors: El‐Gammal B. , Ibrahim G. M. , El‐Nahas H. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe sorption behavior of Th(IV) and U(VI) species on two batch molds of radiation‐induced polymerized unsaturated polyester beads containing 40 wt % styrene was investigated. The distribution coefficients of both ions on the polymeric sorbents were evaluated at 30°C using 10−4 M solution and found to be 271.9 and 469.8 mL/g on the first mold and 296 and 1189.2 mL/g on the second mold for Th(VI) and U(IV), respectively. Testing the sorption data using different theories provided evidence that the sorption data accurately fit the Langmuir, Freundlich, and D‐R isotherms, indicating chemisorption occurred and that E, the mean sorption energy of thorium and uranium on the different molds of unsaturated polyester–styrene, was between 8.304 and 13.92 kJ/mol, reflecting the nature of the ion exchange. The thermodynamics of sorption were considered in order to evaluate ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG. The data showed that the sorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4098–4106, 2006
Fourier transform infrared study of polypyrrole–poly(vinyl alcohol) conducting polymer composite films: Evidence of film formation and characterization
Authors: Mahmud H. N. M. Ekramul , Kassim Anuar , Zainal Zulkarnain , Yunus Wan Mahmood Mat 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical preparation of polypyrrole (PPY)–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) conducting polymer composite films on an indium–tin oxide glass electrode from an aqueous solution containing a pyrrole monomer, a p‐toluene sulfonate electrolyte, and a PVA insulating polymer is reported. The prepared PPY–PVA composite films were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and conductivity measurements. The FTIR study showed that the composite of PPY and PVA formed through bond formation between PVA and the p‐toluene sulfonate dopant anion. The conductivity data of PPY–PVA showed that with increasing PVA concentration in the pyrrole solution, the conductivity of the prepared PPY–PVA film increased up to a certain level due to an increase in conjugation length, and later, it decreased with further increases in the PVA concentration in the solution due to a decrease in conjugation length. This was supported by the FTIR band intensity I1560/I1480. The TGA results show that the PPY–PVA polymer composite film was thermally more stable than the PPY film. A shielding effectiveness of 45.6 dB was exhibited by the PPY–PVA composite film in the microwave frequency range. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4107–4113, 2006