bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐dependent induction of ornithine decarboxylase and s‐adenosyl‐methionine decarboxylase activity by testosterone in the accessory sex organs of male rats
Authors: Fjösne Hans E. , Strand Harald , Sunde Arne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe dose‐dependent induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AMDC) activity in the different lobes of the prostate and the seminal vesicles (SV), 24 hours after administration of testosterone to castrated Wistar rats, has been studied. ODC and AMDC activities were low in all lobes 10 days after castration. A dose of approximately 300 μg testosterone/100 g body weight (B. W.) gave an ODC activity of 50 percent of maximum response, and at 600 μg/100 g B.W. maximum activity was reached in all the prostatic lobes and the SV. In the lateral and dorsal prostate, and the coagulating gland, the dose of testosterone giving 50% of maximum AMDC activity was reached after administration of between 450 and 600 μg/100 g B.W. In the ventral prostate and SV, the dose giving a 50% response was approximately 700 μg/100 g B.W. In conclusion, all prostatic lobes showed a clear dose‐response relationship concerning the activity of ODC and AMDC following administration of different doses of testosterone. We have found minor differences in androgen responsiveness between the lobes when looking at the dose requirements for induction of AMDC activity. The dose‐response curves could possibly be useful as a rapid in vivo bioassay for compounds with anti‐androgenic properties in the prostate.
Validation of a symptoms questionnaire for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Bolognese James A. , Grino Placido B. , Stoner Elizabeth , Kozloff Rene C. , Kunitz Selma C. , Patrick Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe developed a questionnaire to assess the effect of finasteride on symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by modifying that of Boyarsky (1977). To validate the questionnaire, a cohort study was conducted in 2 groups of patients with BPH and 3 control groups without BPH. The BPH groups were: (1) 34 patients before TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate), average age 68 years; (2) 65 patients after TURP, average age 68 years; (3) 40 patients after other nonserious nonurological surgery, average age 50 years; (4) 14 healthy non‐BPH volunteers, average age 58 years; and (5) 73 healthy non‐BPH volunteers, average age 37 years. The questionnaire was administered once to all subjects, and a subset responded to a second administration. Mean total symptoms scores (TSS) from the initial questioning were 6.4, 3.2, 2.9, 2.6, and 1.6 for the 5 groups, respectively (pooled SD = 3.3); mean total troublesome symptom scores (TTSS) were 4.8, 2.1, 1.4, 1.1, and 0.6, respectively (pooled SD = 2.2). All other groups were significantly less symptomatic and troubled than the pre‐TURP group, and all surgical groups were significantly more so than the younger volunteer group. These data demonstrate the discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Corroborating prior data [Gregg et al., 1990], responsiveness was shown by the 3.7‐point mean TSS improvement in response to TURP, which was significantly different from the near‐zero changes in the other groups. Reproducibility was shown by kappa statistics being nearly all greater than 0.75 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.64; construct validity and reliability were demonstrated by correlation (r = 0.7) with a general urination problems question; and internal consistency was documented by Cronbach's alpha values of approximately 0.6. We conclude that this questionnaire is a useful and validated tool for assessing BPH symptoms.
Inhibition of 3α‐hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 5α‐reductase activity by antiandrogens and indomethacin in the rat prostate
Authors: Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Takezawa Yutaka , Yamanaka Hidetoshi , Honma Seijiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied the effects of antiandrogens in vitro on inhibition of 3α‐hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3α‐HSOR) and 5α‐reductase activities in the rat prostate. Kinetic and inhibition experiments were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, Cyproterone acetate (CA), chlormadinone acetate (CMA), and TZP‐4238 (TZP), which is more potent than other antiandrogens, were used as inhibitors and were compared with indomethacin (IND), which is a recognized 3α‐HSOR inhibitor. The IC50s of CA, CMA, IND, and TZP for 3α‐HSOR reductase in cytosol were about 5, 10, 10, and 100 μM, respectively, and inhibition was competitive. The IC50 of IND for 3α‐HSOR reductase in microsomes was 20 μM. The IC50s of other inhibitors were >100 μM, and inhibition was noncompetitive. The IC50s of CA, CMA, IND, and TZP for 3α‐HSOR oxidase in cytosol were > 100 μM, and inhibition was competitive or noncompetitive. Inhibition of 3α‐HSOR oxidation was not observed in microsomes. The difference between these inhibition patterns suggests that there may be 4 isoenzymes in rat prostatic tissue. The IC50s of MK‐906, CMA, and TZP for 5α‐reductase in prostate homogenate were about 0.01, 200, and 200 μM, respectively.
Measurement of androgen sensitivity in the human prostate in in vitro three‐dimensional histoculture
Authors: Geller Jack , Sionit Lida R. , Connors Kenneth , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have adopted an in vitro three‐dimensional histoculture technique for assay of androgen sensitivity in explants of human benign prostatic tissue. The assay is based on the uptake of 3H‐thymidine/μg protein in explants of prostate incubated in parallel with dihydrotes‐tosterone (DHT) and hydroxyflutamide (HF) controls. The ratio of 3H‐thymidine/μg protein in DHT treated samples per 3H‐thymidine/μg protein in HF treated samples provides an index of androgen sensitivity. The DHT/HF index measured in 24 BPH specimens averaged 3.6. To determine the specificity of the HF effect, we measured the DHT/HF index in a single prostate at different concentrations of HF in the presence of fixed concentrations of DHT (2 × 10−8 M) and noted a dose‐response relationship. In addition we noted no effects of HF on 3H‐thymidine incorporation over a range of 2 × 10−4 M compared to 2 × 10−7 M, except at the highest concentration. Of surprise was the finding of an average DHT/HF index in 5 different nonprostate tissues, including breast, uterus, colon, kidney, and thyroid, that was similar to the index found in prostates. We plan to adapt this androgen sensitivity assay to measure the DHT/HF index in biopsy‐size samples of prostate, since such an assay could then be utilized to determine androgen sensitivity in individual patients with prostate cancer.
Effects of the new steroidal antiandrogen TZP‐4238 on hormone‐induced canine prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Takezawa Yutaka , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Yamanaka Hidetoshi , Mieda Mamoru , Honma Seijiro , Kushitani Masanori , Hamataki Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of the new steroidal antiandrogen TZP‐4238 on hormone‐induced canine prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were studied in comparison with those of chlormadinone acetate (CMA), a steroidal antiandrogen used in Japan. One‐ to 2‐year‐old beagle dogs were castrated and administered 75 mg/week of androstanediol (A‐diol) plus 0.75 mg/week of estradiol (E2) for 25 weeks. These dogs were treated orally with placebo, 0.5 mg/kg/day of TZP‐4238, 0.1 mg/kg/day of TZP‐4238, and 2.5 mg/kg/day of CMA, respectively, for 21 weeks after 4 weeks treatment with A‐diol plus E2. Treatment with 0.5 mg/kg/day of TZP‐4238 or 2.5 mg/kg/day of CMA suppressed prostatic growth, and treatment with 0.1 mg/kg/day of TZP‐4238 suppressed prostatic growth slightly. Treatment with 0.5 mg/ kg/day of TZP‐4238 decreased 5α‐reductase activity, DHT content, and nuclear androgen receptor (AR) content in the prostate, and treatment with 0.1 mg/kg/day of TZP‐4238 or 2.5 mg/kg/day of CMA also decreased or tended to decrease these parameters. In conclusion, TZP‐4238 and CMA were effective in inhibiting the growth of hormone‐induced canine BPH, and TZP‐4238 was at least 5 times more potent than CMA. TZP‐4238 inhibited prostatic growth by decreasing prostatic androgen content and the androgen‐AR complex. TZP‐4238 decreased 5α‐reductase activity by prevention of the androgen action described above.
A coaxial microwave applicator for transurethral hyperthermia of the prostate
Authors: Wong Terence Z. , Jonsson Eirikur , Hoopes P. Jack , Trembly B. Stuart , Heaney John A. , Douple Evan B. , Coughlin Christopher T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease of elderly men. The current definitive treatment for urinary obstruction caused by this disease is surgery (transurethral resection of the prostate, or TURP). Recent evidence suggests that hyperthermia may be a useful nonsurgical alternative for treatment of symptomatic BPH. A transurethral microwave applicator has been designed around a Foley catheter for delivery of local hyperthermia to the prostate. The Foley balloon is used to maintain the antenna position within the prostatic urethra. The Foley catheter also features an antenna choke to confine power deposition to the intended region. The antenna is a coaxial dipole designed to operate at 915 MHz. Qualitative and quantitative specific absorption rate (SAR) patterns are shown for this antenna. In vivo experiments in dog prostate demonstrate that temperatures >42°C can be obtained > 1 cm away from the catheter, while maintaining a maximum urethral temperature of 47°C to 48°C. Histology obtained acutely after the hyperthermia treatments showed minimal damage to the periurethral tissues. We conclude from these studies that this microwave applicator is capable of providing local hyperthermia to the prostatic tissues with a predictable and well‐circumscribed thermal distribution. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA quantitation of intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Crissman John D. , Sakr Wael A. , Hussein Mohamed E. , Pontes J. Edson 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) or ductal dysplasia and the development of invasive prostate cancer is not clear. PIN, especially high grade, is usually associated with coexisting invasive cancer. Although some investigators have identified micro foci of invasive cancer evolving from PIN, the two are usually anatomically separated. Because of these distinct anatomic patterns, many investigators have concluded that PIN represents a “field effect” or marker of potential cancer progression, and is not directly involved in or leads to the development of invasive prostate cancer.We measured the DNA content in 49 foci of invasive cancer and 87 foci of PIN identified in 34 radical prostatectomies containing both PIN and invasive cancer. In addition, we examined 13 prostatectomies and 5 TUR specimens containing only PIN. We found that the majority of low grade PIN had normal or diploid range DNA and that approximately half of the high grade PIN were abnormal or aneuploid. Prostates with coexisting diploid range PIN and invasive cancer had an approximately equal number of diploid range and aneuploid invasive cancers. Conversely, almost all of the aneuploid PIN (usually high grade) had coexisting aneuploid invasive cancers. This would support the hypothesis that events in the progression of prostate cancer may be operative in both the development of PIN and invasive cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Effect of prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP) on prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Garde Seema , Sheth Anil , Porter Arthur T. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic inhibin peptide (PIP), is a 94 amino acid protein which is secreted by the prostate gland in an androgen‐independent manner. Previously, it has been demonstrated that PIP appears to inhibit follicle‐stimulating‐hormone (FSH) secretion by the pituitary and prostate glands. In vitro, the Dunning R3327 rat prostate cancer cell line MAT‐LyLu (MLL) cells and the human prostate cancer cell line PC‐3, are stimulated to grow in response to exogenous FSH and these effects are blocked by PIP. In vivo, PIP inhibits the growth of the highly metastatic MLL prostate cancer cell line. A comparison of hormone levels in control and PIP‐treated rats demonstrates a significant inhibition of FSH in treated animals. It appears that, in vivo, PIP may inhibit prostate cancer growth by inhibiting FSH. PIP may represent a novel hormonal treatment for prostate cancer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A prospective study of alcohol, diet, and other lifestyle factors in relation to obstructive uropathy
Authors: Chyou Po‐Huang , Nomura Abraham M. Y. , Stemmermann Grant N. , Hankin Jean H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe association of alcohol, diet, and other lifestyle factors with obstructive uropathy was investigated in a cohort of 6581 Japanese‐American men, examined and interviewed from 1971 to 1975 in Hawaii. By studying this migrant population with its heterogeneous exposures, it increases the probabilities of identifying potential risk factors of this prostate disorder. After 17 years of follow‐up, 846 incident cases of surgically treated obstructive uropathy were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Total alcohol intake was inversely associated with obstructive uropathy (P< 0.0001). The relative risk was 0.64(95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.78) for men drinking at least 25 ounces of alcohol per month compared with nondrinkers. Among the 4 sources of alcohol, a significant inverse association was present for beer, wine, and sake, but not for spirits. Buddhist (vs. other) religion, rural (vs. urban) birthplace, and the presence of prostate symptoms were each associated with increased risk of obstructive uropathy, but no association was found with education, number of marriages, or cigarette smoking. Increased beef intake was weakly related to an increased risk (P= 0.047), while no association was found with the consumption of 32 other food items in the study. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Immunohistochemical study of phospholipase A2 in boyine prostate
Authors: Rönkkö Seppo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractApproximately 1,100‐fold purified phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from bovine prostate was injected into rabbit to prepare polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies produced showed specific immunoprecipitation only with the purified enzyme, as well as with homogenate of bovine prostatic tissue. By Western blot analysis or by immunodiffusion test, no cross‐reactivity with PLA2 purified from human seminal plasma, bovine pancreas, Crotalus adamanteus venom, or with partially purified PLA2 from bovine seminal vesicle fluid or Cowper's glands was observed. Using the indirect peroxidase technique, PLA2 was localized in the cytoplasm of bovine prostatic epithelial cells. By immunogold microscopy, this enzyme was directly visualized inside the lysosomes, as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum of the glandular epithelial cells. Enzyme activity was localized in two principal subcellular sites: the mitochondria and lysosome‐enriched fraction, and in the microsomal fraction. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The alpha‐adrenoceptor subtype mediating the tension of human prostatic smooth muscle
Authors: Lepor Herbert , Tang Rui , Shapiro And Ellen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have characterized the α1 adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostate using radioligand receptor binding studies. The objective of the present study was to determine the α1 subtype mediating the tension of prostatic smooth muscle. Fresh human tissue was obtained from 9 males between 50 and 80 years of age undergoing prostatectomy for BPH. The incubation of prostatic tissue with the irreversible antagonist chlorethyclonidine (CEC) resulted in an 80% reduction of the maximal contractile response produced by phenylephrine. However, the α1A‐selective antagonists WB‐4101 and 5‐methylurapidil (5‐MU) competitively inhibited the contractile response induced by phenylephrine, with KB = 2.64 and 4.46 nM, respectively, consistent with their affinity at the αA1 receptor subtype. The pharmacological profile of the α1‐receptor‐mediated contractile response of prostate smooth muscle is inconsistent with their classification as either an α1A or α1B subtype. Alternatively, when compared with the properties of the cloned α1 receptors, our results suggest that the α1 receptors involved in the contraction of prostate smooth muscle have some pharmacological properties similar to those encoded by the gene of the bovine α1c receptor subtype. The findings of the present study suggest that efforts should be made to confirm the identity of the α1‐receptor subtype expressed by prostate smooth muscle, in order to develop subtype‐selective α1 antagonists, and to evaluate their safety and efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). © 1993 Wiiey‐Liss, inc.
Argyrophil crystalloids in adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Luna‐Moré Sebastian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConsidering the advantages provided by the study of glandular secretions in proliferative diseases of the prostate, we carried out a study of 100 consecutive cases of benign hyperplasia (68), glandular dysplasia (12), and carcinoma (20). Samples were predominantly obtained by transurethral resection from patients whose mean ages were 64, 67, and 73.5 years, respectively. The paraffin embedded material was sectioned and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin, PAS‐diastase, PAS‐Alcian blue, methenamine silver, and Masson trichrome. Intraglandular secretion in normal, hyperplastic, and even neoplastic samples was predominantly neutral mucin, but in 2 cases of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and in all the carcinomas, we found acid mucin secretion. Holmes crystalloids were present in one case of nodular hyperplasia (1.4%), 2 cases of dysplasia (16.6%), and in 5 carcinomas (25%). As another manifestation of altered secretion, we also saw numerous needle‐shaped argyrophilic and isotropic crystalloids, not previously described, in 12 of the 20 carcinomas (60%). These crystalloids were exclusively found in the carcinomas, reached a size of 50 μ, and were completely differentiated from the Holmes crystalloids by their odd needleshape and their staining characteristics. © 1993 Wiiey‐Liss, Inc.
The costs of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Weis Kathleen A. , Epstein Robert S. , Huse Daniel M. , Deverka Patricia A. , Oster Gerry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing claims data for a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we estimated the costs of surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), including those related to the initial prostatectomy, the treatment of postsurgical complications, and reoperation within one year. We identified 14,480 men who underwent prostatectomy for BPH during 1986–1987, including 13,730 transurethral and 750 open procedures. Mean total inpatient costs (including all hospital charges and professional service fees) for these procedures were estimated to be $6,501 and $10,223, respectively. Among patients who underwent transurethral and open prostatectomy, we identified 938 (6.8%) and 39 (5.2%) individuals who had at least one readmission for postsurgical complications or reoperation. Total expected costs of transurethral and open prostatectomy, inclusive of readmissions for complications and reoperations within one year, were estimated to be $6,823 and $10,477, respectively. Our study indicates the economic burden represented by surgical treatment of BPH. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Beta‐microseminoprotein immunoreactivity as a new prognostic indicator of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Hyakutake Hiroyuki , Sakai Hideki , Yogi Yasuo , Tsuda Ryouichi , Minami Yuzo , Yushita Yoshiaki , Kanetake Hiroshi , Nakazono Ichiro , Saito Yutaka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman beta‐microseminoprotein (β‐MSP), isolated from seminal plasma, is one of the proteins secreted by the prostate gland. To determine whether the β‐MSP immunoreactivity can be a prognostic indicator of prostatic carcinoma, the 3‐MSP immunohistochemical distribution has been examined in needle biopsy specimens taken from 96 patients with prostatic carcinoma. Although no significant correlation was found between the β‐MSP immunoreactivity and the histological grade (Gleason score), patients with a positive β‐MSP expression had a significantly better prognosis than those with a negative 3‐MSP expression (P= 0.01). Further, a multivariate analysis of six possible parameters (age, clinical stage, histological grade, serum prostatic acid phosphatase, β‐MSP immunoreactivity, and the type of initial treatment) has shown the difference in the β‐MSP immunoreactivity to be a significant, independent, prognostic indicator of prostatic carcinoma (P= 0.04). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of p‐Nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside (β‐D‐xyloside) on the androgen‐induced growth of the lateral prostate of the prepubertally castrated guinea pig
Authors: Wong Y. C. , Chan L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effects of β‐D‐xyloside (XYL), a compound which interferes with stromal proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, on androgen induced growth of the lateral prostate (LP). Young male guinea pigs were castrated at 3 weeks of age and divided into three groups 6 weeks after castration. In group one, the animals were injected subcutaneously daily with 80 mg/kg of XYL, followed 3 days later by a daily dose of 10 mg/kg of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 2 more weeks. The second group served as control and received DHT only. In the third group, animals were treated first with XYL, like those in group one, and then followed by DHT alone for 2 weeks to check reversibility of the XYL effect. At the end of the experiment, the lateral prostate was removed and processed for morphological and cytochemical examination. The results showed that XYL inhibited the DHT stimulated growth of the lateral prostate. The fibroblasts showed a dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum filled with granular substances. In the interstitial spaces, there was a drastic increase in Cuprolinic Blue (CB) positive filaments and polygonal granules believed to be PGs or glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Their number was much greater than the control. The distribution and density of the collagen fibers appeared similar to the control. The secretory alveoli were lined by epithelium with few secretory granules of low electron density and a larger number of clear vesicles. There was a slight reduction in glycoconjugate reactivities in the epithelial cells. The lectin binding patterns and the structural features were comparable between the control and recovery groups, indicating the XYL effects were reversible. The results suggest that stromal PG biosynthesis may play a role in epithelial function and an altered stromal matrix would hamper the effects of DHT on the target organ. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.