bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in chemical and microbiological parameters of some varieties of Sicily olives during natural fermentation
Authors: Poiana Marco , Romeo Flora V. 
Published: October 2008

The changes and features of some olive cultivars during natural fermentation in brine were examined. The cultivars were typical of Sicily: “Nocellara messinese”, “Nocellara etnea”, “Moresca”, “Ogliarola” and “Tonda iblea”. The carpological data revealed their good quality. Chemical characteristics such as reducing sugars, titratable acidity, total phenols and dry matter were also investigated. The physical and chemical changes of olives and brines throughout the process time were monitored. Sodium chloride concentration was gradually increased from 5% (w/v) to 6% after 60-75 days and 7% after 90. The olives were put in brine acidified up to pH = 4. The salt concentration and pH value were necessary to favor lactic fermentation. An uniform trend of pH was measured for all the olive cultivars: a stable pH under 4.5 value was measured. The course of titratable acidity measured in fermentation brines was in agreement with the pH trend. The concentration of total phenols in flesh olives through the brine storage and fermentation is reported and the reduction of total phenols during the brine fermentation was fast in “Tonda iblea”, “Nocellara etnea” and “Moresca” olives.To measure the degree of oleuropein disappearance, the course of hydroxytyrosol in brine was monitored. Throughout the brining period, the growth of microbial populations was revealed on selective media: lactic acid bacteria, mesophilic microorganisms, yeasts and moulds.
Antioxidant evaluation and chemoprotection of phenolic extracts from apple seeds
Authors: González-Laredo R. F. , Reyes-Navarrete M. G. , Preza y Lerma A. M. , Rosales-Castro M. , Morales-Castro J. , Gallegos-Infante J. A. , Rocha-Guzmán N. E. 
Published: October 2008

Phenolic extracts from apple seeds (Malus domestica) belonging to the Red delicious (Rd) and Blanca de asturias (Ba) varieties were studied. Two extraction sequences with organic solvents were performed to evaluate hydrophilic phytochemicals: one with hexane, ethyl acetate and 50% methanol and the other with hexane and 70% acetone. For both apple varieties, acetone extracts showed higher total phenolics and condensed tannin content than ethyl acetate or aqueous methanol extracts. The same trend was observed with acetone extracts, which showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (%RSA). Bidimensional thin later chromatography plates gave positive evidence for proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins). The effect of crude extracts on transformed cells (HeLa) was evaluated and found to be as strong as the positive control (catechin). Aqueous acetone extracts showed the highest inhibition to cell proliferation of all tested extracts and controls.
Characterization of grape seed and pomace oil extracts
Authors: Göktürk Baydar Nilgün , Özkan Gülcan , Sema Çetin Emine 
Published: October 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient and antioxidant contents of grape seed and pomace oil extracts from the main Turkish wine grape cultivars, Kalecik karas1, Narince, Hasandede and Emir. Dried and powdered seed and pomace materials were extracted with hexane. The results showed that the oil concentration of seeds ranged from 12.35 to 16.00% while in pomace the oil concentration varied from 5.47 to 8.66%. Grape seed and pomace oils were rich in oleic and linoleic acids and the degree of unsaturation in the oils was over 85%. α- tocopherol was the most abundant tocopherol in the oil extracts. Although γ and δ-tocopherols were found with low concentrations, β-tocopherol was not detected in the oil extracts. Oil extracts from pomace in all cultivars gave the highest tocopherol contents compared to the seeds. The contents of total phenolics were higher in pomace oil extracts than seed oil extracts. The highest total phenolic content (392.74 mg/kg) was found in the oil extract from Narince pomace compared to the other oil extracts. The refractive indexes of pomace oil extracts ranged from 1.445 to 1.468 while the refractive indexes of the seed oil extracts ranged from 1.460 and 1.466. In conclusion, wine byproducts including the seeds and pomace can be utilized both to get natural antioxidants and to obtain edible vegetable oil.
Ability of the aquatic fern Azolla to remove chemical oxygen demand and polyphenols from olive mill wastewater
Authors: Ena Alba , Carlozzi Pietro , Pushparaj Benjamin , Paperi Raffaella , Carnevale Silvia , Sacchi Angelo 
Published: October 2008

We investigated the biofiltration ability of the aquatic fern Azolla to remove polyphenols and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from olive mill wastewater (OMWw) collected from the traditional (TS) and continuous (CS) extraction systems. Azolla biomass was packed into five sequential Imhoff cones and five sequential columns. In both experiments, the filtrates collected from the 5th biofilter showed a decrease in polyphenol contents: from 7650 mg l–1 to 3610 mg l–1 in TS OMWw and from 3852 mg l–1 to 1351 mg l–1 in CS OMWw. The COD contents decreased from 110200 mg L–1 to 52400 mg L–1 in TS OMWw and from 41600 mg L–1 to 2300 mg L–1 in CS OMWw. A 5:1 OMWw to Azolla-fresh-weight ratio was optimal for both polyphenol and COD removal. The biofiltration ability of alfalfa was compared with that of Azolla, but the treatment with alfalfa did not result in the reduction of COD or polyphenols.
Cottonseed: protein, oil yields, and oil properties as influenced by potassium fertilization and foliar application of zinc and phosphorus
Authors: Sawan Zakaria M. , Hafezb, Saeb A. , Basyony Ahmed E. , Alkassas Abou-El-Ela R. 
Published: October 2008

In maximizing the quantity and quality of a crop’s nutritional value in terms of fatty acids and protein, it is necessary to identify the constraints which may affect it and to devise methods of overcoming them through the use of inputs or changes in management practices. Field experiments were conducted during two successive seasons at the Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt, on the cotton cultivar “Giza 86” (Gossypium barbadense L.) to study the effects of potassium fertilization (at 0.0 and 47.4 kg of K ha–1) and foliar application of zinc (at 0.0 and 57.6 g of Zn ha–1, two times, 70 and 85 days after planting, “during square initiation and boll setting stage”) and phosphorus (at 0.0, 576, 1152 and 1728 g of P ha–1, two times, 80 and 95 days after planting) on cottonseed. The application of potassium along with spraying plants with zinc and phosphorus caused an increase in cottonseed yield ha–1, seed index, seed oil content, oil and protein yields ha–1, seed oil unsaponifiable matter and total unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic). However, those treatments resulted in a decrease in oil acid value, saponification value and total saturated fatty acids. The highest P concentration of 1728 g ha–1 gave the best values of cottonseed yield/ha, seed index, and seed oil and protein yields/ha and oil saponifiable matter.
Preliminary data on nutritional value of abundant species in supraforestal Pyrenean pastures
Authors: Marinas A. , García González R. 
Published: October 2008

Los pastos alpinos pirenaicos han sido utilizados durante siglos como estivaderos para el ganado y constituyen aun hoy un importante recurso para la ganadería. Algunos trabajos clásicos atribuyen a los pastos alpinos un alto valor nutricional, pero estudios recientes han revelado pérdidas de peso en animales que estivan en pastos de puerto pirenaicos. Prácticamente no existe información disponible sobre el valor nutricional de las especies que constituyen estos pastos. Veintitrés especies (13 graminoides y 10 dicotiledóneas) abundantes en los pastos alpinos y subalpinos pirenaicos fueron analizadas químicamente para determinar su valor nutritivo y su capacidad para cubrir las necesidades del ganado. En parcelas donde las especies eran abundantes, se realizaron muestreos mensuales de junio a septiembre en dos áreas de estudio. En el laboratorio se realizaron análisis para determinar el contenido en proteína bruta (CP), fósforo (P), potasio (K) y magnesio (Mg), fibra neutro-detergente (NDF) y lignina (ADL). Se determinó la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (IVDMD) por el método de la pepsina-celulasa y la energía metabolizable (EM) fue estimada a partir de ella. En promedio las graminoides presentaron mayores contenidos en NDF y menores en el resto de nutrientes que las dicotiledóneas. El efecto mes fue solo significativo para ADL, CP, P y K, siendo generalmente el mes de junio el que presentó diferencias significativas con el resto de los meses. El contenido en CP, P y K disminuyó con la madurez, mientras que ADL y Ca aumentaron. Los valores de NDF, IVDMD y Mg se mantuvieron relativamente constantes durante todo el verano en ambos grupos botánicos. Este hecho es destacable porque permite un suministro constante de EM para los herbívoros durante todo el período de pastoreo (Julio a Septiembre). Las dicotiledóneas cubren los requerimientos de vacas y ovejas durante el período de pastoreo de todos los nutrientes analizados excepto en P. Las graminoides son deficitarias en EM, P y Mg, y su contenido en CP es un poco justo para las necesidades de las ovejas. Debido a que el régimen alimentario de vacas y ovejas está basado principalmente en las graminoides, los animales podrían estar experimentando un déficit nutricional cuando pastan en los pastos de puerto pirenaicos.
Protected areas in mountains
Authors: Hamilton L. S. 
Published: October 2008

El autor destaca la importancia de una Red Mundial de Espacios Protegidos para el desarrollo sostenible de las montañas. Comenta luego el estatus actual de las Áreas Protegidas “oficiales” del Mundo en la Lista de las Naciones Unidas y qué proporción de ellas forma parte de las montañas, sin olvidar las figuras internacionales de protección como Patrimonio de la Humanidad y Reservas de Biosfera. Para terminar, se discuten los problemas de gestión actuales y futuros de estas áreas tan especiales
Site‐specific and Spatially Controlled Addressability of a New Viral Nanobuilding Block: Sulfolobus islandicus Rod‐shaped Virus 2
Authors: Steinmetz Nicole F. , Bize Ariane , Findlay Kim C. , Lomonossoff George P. , Manchester Marianne , Evans David J. , Prangishvili David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNanotechnology seeks to mimic what nature has achieved: self‐assembly at the nanometer scale. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) provide natural examples of self‐assembled architectures with unique structural and chemical properties. Here, the utilization of an archaeal virus, Sulfolobus islandicus rod‐shaped virus 2 (SIRV2), as a template for site‐selective and spatially controlled bioconjugation is described. SIRV2 is a virus of a hyperthermophilic and acidophilic host, the archaeon S. islandicus growing optimally at 80 °C and pH 3, and is thus, by its nature, an extremely stable VNP. The stability of SIRV2 in different solvent/water mixtures is monitored, and it is found that in other, non‐natural harsh conditions the VNPs also remained intact. Further, the question of whether the particles offer attachment sites allowing for selective chemical modification and decoration with functional ligands using biotin as a probe is addressed. It is found that carboxylate‐, carbohydrate‐ and amine‐selective chemistries are applicable and various biotinylated SIRV2 formulations can be fabricated. Depending on the chemistry and hence attachment site used, the display of the biotin labels can be spatially controlled at the virus body and at the ends. Labeling studies also provide novel insights into the structural properties of SIRV2, indicating that the major coat protein (CP) forms the virus body while the minor CP is located in the tail fibers at the end of the particles. Overall, SIRV2 represents an extremely stable and structurally interesting VNP with the potential for novel nanobiotechnological applications.
Growth of infants' length, weight, head and arm circumferences in relation to low levels of blood lead measured serially
Authors: Schell Lawrence M. , Denham Melinda , Stark Alice D. , Parsons Patrick J. , Schulte Elaine E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTo determine whether levels of blood lead during gestation and infancy that are below the CDC action level of 10 μg/dl affect infant growth, we studied 211 disadvantaged mother–infant pairs from Albany, NY. Mothers' lead levels were low (second trimester $\bar{x}$ = 2.8 μg/dl) as were infants' ($\bar{x}$ = 3.3 μg/dl at 6 months; 6.4 μg/dl at 12 months). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that second trimester lead levels were related to reduced head circumference at 6 and 12 months. Infants of mothers with second trimester lead at or above the median (≥3 μg/dl) exhibited negative associations between blood lead and head circumference at 6 and 12 months, and with weight‐for‐age, weight‐for‐length, and upper arm circumference at 6 months, but those below the median did not. Infants' 6‐month lead level was related to head circumference at 12 months in the total sample, and in the subsample of infants whose blood lead was above the infants' 6‐month blood lead median. Infants were also grouped by changes in their relative blood lead status, that is, above vs. below the median, from second trimester to 12 months of age. Infants whose lead levels changed from above to below the median were larger than infants whose lead levels went from below to above the median. The results suggest that lead may affect some dimensions of infant growth at levels below 10 μg/dl, but effects of lead levels less than 3 μg/dl are not evident in this sample. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered dendritic cells with tolerizing phenotype in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Berkun Yackov , Verbovetski Inna , Ben‐Ami Anat , Paran Daphna , Caspi Dan , Krispin Alon , Trahtemberg Uriel , Gill Oranit , Naparstek Yaakov , Mevorach Dror 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEarlier we showed the generation of tolerizing human monocyte‐derived DC following interaction with iC3b‐opsonized apoptotic cells. In this study we examine the generation of DC with our previously described tolerogenic phenotype in patients with the systemic autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Monocyte‐derived DC were generated in 71 SLE patients, characterized, and then tested for clearance of iC3b‐opsonized 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanineperchlorate‐stained apoptotic cells using flow cytometry, and for autologous T‐cell activation using autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), at the same time as controls. Compared with healthy, age‐ and gender‐matched controls, SLE patients showed upregulation of MHC class II, with a mean expression of 130.5%±36.8% (p<0.007); CD86 in immature DC from SLE patients, generated in autologous human or control plasma, were also upregulated, with mean expression 106.6%±18.0% (p<0.03). A significant (>20%) reduction in iC3b‐apoptotic cell uptake, together with increased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, was seen in 75% of SLE patients. Mean 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐indocarbocyanineperchlorate‐stained apoptotic cell acquisition was 70.0%±24% (p<0.0001) compared with healthy controls. Altered generation of a tolerizing DC phenotype was seen in at least one third of SLE patients following interaction with iC3b‐opsonized apoptotic cells. These results suggest that a substantial portion of SLE patients fail to generate DC with a tolerizing phenotype.
Inheritance and alteration of genome methylation in F1 hybrid rice
Authors: Takamiya Tomoko , Hosobuchi Saeko , Noguchi Tomotsugu , Asai Kenji , Nakamura Eiji , Habu Yoshiki , Paterson Andrew H. , Iijima Hiroshi , Murakami Yasufumi , Okuizumi Hisato 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe analyzed the inheritance of DNA methylation in the first filial generation(F1) hybrid of Oryza sativa L. (“Nipponbare”×“Kasalath”) by restriction landmark genome scanning (RLGS). Most parental RLGS spots were found in the F1, but eight spots (4%) showed abnormal inheritance: seven of the eight spots were missing in the F1, and one was newly detected in the F1. Here we show demethylation at restriction enzyme sites in the F1. We also found a candidate site of stable heterozygous methylation in the genome. These results show the applicability of the RLGS method for analysis of the inheritance and alteration of methylation in F1 hybrid plants.
Independent component analysis of 2‐D electrophoresis gels
Authors: Safavi Haleh , Correa Nicolle , Xiong Wei , Roy Anindya , Adali Tülay , Korostyshevskiy Valeriy R. , Whisnant Carol C. , Seillier‐Moiseiwitsch Françoise 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present a novel application of independent component analysis (ICA), an exploratory data analysis technique, to two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) gels, which have been used to analyze differentially expressed proteins across groups. Unlike currently used pixel‐wise statistical tests, ICA is a data‐driven approach that utilizes the information contained in the entire gel data. We also apply ICA on wavelet‐transformed 2‐DE gels to address the high dimensionality and noise problems typically found in 2‐DE gels. Also, we use an analysis‐of‐variance (ANOVA) approach as a benchmark for comparison. Using simulated data, we show that ICA detects the group differences accurately in both the spatial and wavelet domains. We also apply these techniques to real 2‐DE gels. ICA proves to be much faster than ANOVA, and unlike ANOVA it does not depend on the selection of a threshold. Application of principal component analysis reduces the dimensionality and tends to improve the performance by reducing the noise.
Chromatographic evaluation and comparison of three β‐cyclodextrin‐based stationary phases by capillary liquid chromatography and pressure‐assisted capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lin Bo , Ng Siu‐Choon , Feng Yu‐Qi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEnantiomer separations were performed on three β‐cyclodextrin‐based chiral stationary phases (CSP) containing the pernaphthylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin (CSP 1), peracetylated β‐cyclodextrin (CSP 2) and permethylated β‐cyclodextrin (CSP 3) as chiral selectors by capillary liquid chromatography and pressure‐assisted capillary electrochromatography in this study. Triethylammonium acetate/MeOH or phosphate buffer/MeOH was used as the mobile phase. The experimental factors affecting chiral separations have been examined for each CSP, including pH of the buffers, methanol content and applied voltage. Under optimal separation conditions, a number of racemic compounds were resolved into their enantiomers on three cyclodextrin‐based CSP. A comparative study on the performance of three CSP revealed the presence of carbonyl functional groups as well as aromatic rings in the cyclodextrin derivatives, enhanced the interaction between the analytes and CSP, and thus improved enantioselectivity of the CSP.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa in a young adult with history of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Tomihara Kei , Dehari Hironari , Yamaguchi Akira , Abe Masato , Miyazaki Akihiro , Nakamori Kenji , Hareyama Masato , Hiratsuka Hiroyoshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.Secondary cancers are severe complications in patients who have had allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood leukemia. We describe here a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa in a young adult patient who had had allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for childhood acute leukemia.Methods and Results.The primary tumor was treated with interstitial brachytherapy, and lymph node metastasis was treated by supraomohyoid neck dissection. The patient had a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at 11 years of age and had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant from a female donor. Further investigation of the tissue specimens by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed that an XX chromosome pattern was dominant in the tumor region, and this suggested that donor‐derived cells might affect carcinogenesis in the recipient.Conclusions.This case presents an incidence of secondary oral cancer associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx: Endoscopic laser management using YAG/KTP
Authors: Merrot Olivier , Gleizal Arnaud , Poupart Marc , Pignat Jean‐Christian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.The objective of this study was to analyze results of endoscopic YAG laser management as a treatment of chondroma and/or low‐grade laryngeal chondrosarcoma.Methods.Between 1996 and 2006, 13 patients were included, 11 men and 2 women with a median age of 69.7 years at diagnosis. Primary treatment included endoscopic laser resection in all cases. All tumors were diagnosed as cricoid cartilaginous tumor by histopathologic examination: 6 chondromas and 7 chondrosarcomas grade 1.Results.The global actuarial survival rate was 95% for 5 years. The 5‐year Kaplan‐Meier disease‐free survival and overall recurrence rate estimates were 72% and 54%, respectively. With a median follow‐up time of 5 years, 12 of 13 patients were without recurrence. Nine were alive and 4 died during follow‐up, and only 1 patient died from disease. Three patients required definitive tracheotomy. None had required it for endoscopic laser complications.Conclusion.Laser endoscopic surgery is 1 of the conservative surgical ways to manage laryngeal chondroma especially in cases of elderly patients with poor health status. It permits adequate removal of the tumor and still maintains structural and functional integrity and preserves possibilities of subtotal or total salvage surgery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Patient perception of risk factors in head and neck cancer
Authors: Sommer Leeor , Sommer Doron D. , Goldstein David P. , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground.A previous study at our institution noted that only 15% of newly diagnosed patients with oral cancer could identify smoking or alcohol abuse as major risk factors for the development of their cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a simple educational intervention in 189 consecutively identified patients with head and neck malignancy.Methods.Patients were interviewed prior to and immediately following reading a written educational pamphlet. The patients were then interviewed 5 weeks later to determine longer‐term recall. Recall success was correlated to patient demographic parameters including level of education, occupation, sex, age, and place of residence.Results.Immediate recall success increased, on average, 27% from preintervention knowledge, with the largest increase for the risk factor of alcohol abuse. Five‐week postintervention recall success decreased on average 10.5% for all risk factors with the largest decrease being seen for smokeless tobacco use (12%). The immediate and 5‐week recall success increases were both statistically significant when compared to the preintervention recall success (p < .05). Patient education level had the greatest impact on recall success at all time points (ANOVA, p < .001). Long‐term recall for patients over the age of 60 was also statistically poorer.Conclusions.An educational intervention can have significant impact on patient knowledge of cancer risk. More effective educational interventions for poorly educated patients and the elderly may have to be devised to increase intervention success. Whether this knowledge translates into behavior change still needs to be studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009