bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Sterile20-Like Kinase 1 in Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib–Induced Apoptosis in Oncogenic K-ras-Transformed Cells
Authors: Teraishi Fuminori , Guo Wei , Zhang Lidong , Dong Fengqing , Davis John J. , Sasazuki Takehiko , Shirasawa Senji , Liu Jinsong , Fang Bingliang 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Bortezomib (PS-341), a specific proteasome inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity against a wide range of malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which bortezomib causes apoptosis selectively in cancer cells still remain unclear. Ras signaling is involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, differentiation, and apoptosis, and can either promote or inhibit apoptosis depending on the type of apoptotic stimuli and the cell model. Here, we investigated the role of K-ras signaling in bortezomib-induced apoptosis. We found that K-ras-transformed cells were more susceptible to bortezomib-induced apoptosis than were nontransformed cells and that bortezomib-induced apoptosis was mainly caspase dependent in K-ras-transformed cells. We also found that mammalian sterile20-like kinase 1 (MST1) was activated by bortezomib in K-ras-transformed cells and K-ras-mutated cancer cells. Treatment of K-ras-transformed cells with bortezomib resulted in translocation of MST1 from cytoplasm into the nucleus and an increase of phosphorylated histone H2B and histone H2AX. Moreover, pretreatment with leptomycin B, an inhibitor of the nuclear export signal receptor, dramatically enhanced bortezomib-mediated MST1 activation, phosphorylation of histones H2B and H2AX, and apoptosis induction in K-ras-transformed cells. Knockdown of MST1 expression by small interfering RNA diminished bortezomib-induced apoptosis or caspase-3 activation. Our data suggested that bortezomib may be useful for treatment of K-ras-mutated cancer cells, and MST1 is one of the mediators for bortezomib-induced apoptosis in K-ras-transformed cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6072-9)
Does Integrin-Mediated Cell Death Confer Tissue Tropism in Metastasis?
Authors: Lahti Jill M. , Teitz Tal , Stupack Dwayne G. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
To develop metastatic capability, tumor cells must evolve the capacity to survive in novel microenvironments. Recently, we showed that metastasis of neuroblastoma cells is enhanced by loss of caspase-8, an event that occurs frequently in this malignancy. In poorly metastatic cells, unligated integrins were found to trigger activation of caspase-8, providing a selective pressure to promote its attenuation and thereby increased survival in foreign adhesive environments. Our findings suggest one mechanism by which the organotropism of metastastic cancer cells can arise. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 5981-4)
Bcr Interacts with Components of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport-I and Is Required for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Turnover
Authors: Olabisi Oyenike O. , Mahon Gwendolyn M. , Kostenko Elena V. , Liu Zhuoming , Ozer Harvey L. , Whitehead Ian P. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Virtually all patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) express an aberrant protein (p210 Bcr-Abl) that contains NH2-terminal sequences from Bcr fused to COOH-terminal sequences from Abl. In a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified TSG101 as a binding partner for Bcr. Because TSG101 is a subunit of the mammalian endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), which regulates protein sorting during endosomal trafficking, this association suggests that Bcr may have a related cellular function. The docking site for TSG101 has been mapped to the COOH terminus of Bcr, indicating that this interaction may be disrupted in CML. Overexpression studies with full-length TSG101 and Bcr reveal that this interaction can be recapitulated in mammalian cells. The association can also be observed between natively expressed proteins in a panel of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines, where a second subunit of the ESCRT complex, vacuolar sorting protein 28 (Vps28), was also found to interact with Bcr. Both Bcr and TSG101 exhibit a punctate cytoplasmic distribution and seem to colocalize in HeLa cells, which would be consistent with an in vivo association. Bacterially purified Bcr and TSG101 also bind, suggesting that the interaction is direct and is not dependent on ubiquitination. Disruption of the endosomal pathway with an ATPase-defective Vps4 mutant results in the cellular redistribution of Bcr, and suppression of Bcr in HeLa cells by small interfering RNA impairs epidermal growth factor receptor turnover. Taken together, these observations suggest that Bcr is a component of the mammalian ESCRT complexes and plays an important role in cellular trafficking of growth factor receptors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6250-7)
Antibodies to fibroblasts in idiopathic and scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Tamby M. C. , Humbert M. , Guilpain P. , Servettaz A. , Dupin N. , Christner J. J. , Simonneau G. , Fermanian J. , Weill B. , Guillevin L. , Mouthon L. 
Published: June 2006

The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of anti-fibroblast antibodies in patients with idiopathic or scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and healthy controls.PAH was documented by right-heart catheterisation (mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest >25 mmHg). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM reactivities of patients with idiopathic PAH (n = 35), scleroderma-associated PAH (n = 10), diffuse (n = 10) or limited cutaneous (n = 10) scleroderma without PAH and age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (n = 65) were analysed by cell-based ELISA and immunoblotting on normal human fibroblasts.As assessed by ELISA, 14 out of 35 (40%) patients with idiopathic PAH and three out of 10 (30%) patients with scleroderma-associated PAH expressed anti-fibroblast IgG antibodies. IgG from all individuals bound to one major 40-kDa protein band. IgG from patients with idiopathic PAH bound to two 25- and 60-kDa bands with a higher intensity than IgG from other individuals.In conclusion, immunoglobulin G anti-fibroblast antibodies are present in the serum of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Immunoglobulin G from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension express distinct reactivity profiles with fibroblasts antigens, suggesting distinct target antigens.
Complementary therapy use by patients and parents of children with asthma and the implications for NHS care: a qualitative study
Authors: Shaw Alison , Thompson Elizabeth A , Sharp Debbie 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Background
Patients are increasingly using complementary therapies, often for chronic conditions. Asthma is the most common chronic condition in the UK. Previous research indicates that some asthma patients experience gaps in their NHS care. However, little attention has been given to how and why patients and parents of children with asthma use complementary therapies and the implications for NHS care.

Methods
Qualitative study, comprising 50 semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of 22 adults and 28 children with asthma (plus a parent), recruited from a range of NHS and non-NHS settings in Bristol, England. Data analysis was thematic, drawing on the principles of constant comparison.

Results
A range of complementary therapies were being used for asthma, most commonly Buteyko breathing and homeopathy. Most use took place outside of the NHS, comprising either self-treatment or consultation with private complementary therapists. Complementary therapies were usually used alongside not instead of conventional asthma treatment. A spectrum of complementary therapy users emerged, including "committed", "pragmatic" and "last resort" users. Motivating factors for complementary therapy use included concerns about conventional NHS care ("push factors") and attractive aspects of complementary therapies ("pull factors"). While participants were often uncertain whether therapies had directly helped their asthma, breathing techniques such as the Buteyko Method were most notably reported to enhance symptom control and enable reduction in medication. Across the range of therapies, the process of seeking and using complementary therapies seemed to help patients in two broad ways: it empowered them to take greater personal control over their condition rather than feel dependant on medication, and enabled exploration of a broader range of possible causes of their asthma than commonly discussed within NHS settings.

Conclusion
Complementary therapy use reflects patients' and parents' underlying desire for greater self-care and need of opportunities to address some of their concerns regarding NHS asthma care. Self-management of chronic conditions is increasingly promoted within the NHS but with little attention to complementary therapy use as one strategy being used by patients and parents. With their desire for self-help, complementary therapy users are in many ways adopting the healthcare personas that current policies aim to encourage.
Crystal Engineering of Multidimensional Copper(I) and Silver(I) Coordination Supermolecules and Polymers with Functions
Authors: Munakata Megumu , Wu Liang Ping , Kuroda-Sowa Takayoshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in recent years in controlling the assembly and orientations of individual molecules to create specific aggregates. It is the aim of this review to give an account of the latest developments in our groups with regard to construction of functional crystal metal complex supermolecules from self-assembly of copper(I) and silver(I) coordination compounds by intermolecular interactions as well as coordination bonds. Several approaches to such self-organization process have been highlighted. Spontaneous organization of hydrogen bonding and host–guest interactions in 3-cyano-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone system result in the formation of three-dimensional channel structures and multi-fold interpenetrated diamondoid architectures by modification of hydrogen-bonding mode and distances. Control of effective aromatic stackings between polymeric chains assembles simple phenazine and benzothiadiazole building blocks into well-organized, multidimensional honeycomb and graphite structures. Manipulation of strong interchain S···S contacts in sulfur-rich tetrathiafulvalene derivative system creates a unique bookshelf type frameworks. Employment of multi-coordination sites of the ligands in pyrazine, dithienylethene and dithiaparacyclophane systems generates a number of novel infinite-sheet and -chain metal polymers with the potential to serve as functional supramolecular devices.
Living Polymerizations of Polar and Nonpolar Monomers by the Catalysis of Organo Rare Earth Metal Complexes
Authors: Yasuda Hajime , Ihara Eiji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
This review article deals with the rare earth metal initiated polymerization of polar and nonpolar monomers in living fashion (“living” means very active without termination and chain transfer reaction) to give monodisperse high molecular weight polymers at high conversion. A typical example is seen in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with [SmH(C5Me5)2]2 or [LnMe(C5Me5)2(THF)] (Ln = Sm, Y, and Lu), giving high molecular weight syndiotactic polymers (Mn &gt; 500000, syndiotacticity &gt; 95%) quantitatively at low temperature (−95 °C). The initiation mechanism was discussed on the basis of X-ray analysis of the 1 : 2 adduct (molar ratio) of [SmH(C5Me5)2]2 with MMA. Living polymerizations of alkyl acrylates (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and butyl acrylate) were also possible by the catalysis of [LnMe(C5Me5)2(THF)] (Ln = Sm, Y); i.e. poly(methyl acrylate) Mn = 48 × 103, Mw/Mn = 1.04, poly(ethyl acrylate) Mn = 55 × 103, Mw/Mn = 1.04, and poly(butyl acrylate) Mn = 70 × 103, Mw/Mn = 1.05. By taking advantages of the living polymerization ability, we attempted ABA triblock copolymerization of MMA/butyl acrylate/MMA to obtain rubber-like elastic polymers. Lanthanum alkoxide(III) has good catalytic activity for the polymerization of alkyl isocyanates (Mn &gt; 106, Mw/Mn = 2.08). Monodisperse polymerizations of lactones, lactide, and various oxiranes were also achieved by polymerization with rare earth metal complexes. C1 symmetric bulky organolanthanide(III) complexes such as {SiMe2[2(3),4-(SiMe)2C5H2]2LnCH(SiMe3)2} (Ln = La, Sm, and Y) show high activity for linear polymerization of ethylene. Organolanthanide(II) complexes such as racemic {SiMe2[2-SiMe3-4-tBu-C5H2]2Sm(THF)} as well as C1 symmetric {SiMe2[2(3),4-(SiMe3)2C5H2]2Sm(THF)} were also found to have high activity for the polymerization of ethylene. Thus, polyethylene of Mn &gt; 106 (Mw/Mn = 1.6) was first obtained by using {SiMe2[2(3),4-(SiMe3)2C5H2]2Sm(THF)}. 1,4-Cis conjugated diene polymerization of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene became available by the efficient catalytic activity of NdCl(C5H5)2/AlR3 or Nd(octanoate)3/AlR3. The Ln(naphthenate)3/AliBu3 system allows selective polymerization of acetylene in cis-fashion. Utilyzing the fact that rare earth metal initiated living polymerization proceeds for both polar and nonpolar monomers, researchers have attempted to block copolymerization of ethylene with MMA or lactones yielding polyethylene derivatives having high chemical reactivity.
The Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Organosilicon Compounds with Allylic Carbonates or Diene Monoxides
Authors: Matsuhashi Hayao , Asai Satoshi , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Hatanaka Yasuo , Mori Atsunori , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The cross-coupling reaction of allylic carbonates with organosilanes was found to proceed without fluoride ion activation under mild conditions by using a coordinatively unsaturated palladium complex as a catalyst. The reaction was assumed to proceed through an allylpalladium alkoxide derived from the allylic carbonate substrate and a palladium(0) species, the alkoxo ligand activating the organosilicon reagent. Likewise, diene monoxides also underwent cross-coupling with alkenyl- and arylfluorosilanes in moderate to high yields.
Molecular Association of Water-Soluble Calixarenes with Several Stilbene Dyes and Its Application to the Facile Determination of Cationic Surfactant Concentrations
Authors: Nishida Masashi , Ishii Daido , Yoshida Isao , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The molecular association of water-soluble p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes (1n; n = 4, 6, and 8) with several stilbene dyes (D) has been studied by spectrophotometric and 1H NMR methods. It was found that 1n reacts in 1 : 1 stoichiometry with, D such as 4-[(4-dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium (St–4Me), 2-[(4-dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium (St–2Me) and 2-[(4-dimethylamino)styryl]-1-ethylpyridinium (St–2Et) iodides to form their complexes (1nD). The apparent association constants for 18-complexes are larger by about ten times than those of 14- and 16-complexes. Examinations of the CPK molecular models and the spectrophotometric studies suggested that 14 complexes D mainly with its 1-methyl- or 1-ethylpyridinium group, whereas 16 complexes D either with its pyridinium ring or with its protonated dimethylamino group in a similar probability, and in 18-complexes the molecule is wholly incorporated into the cavity of 18. The absorbance of D, which was decreased by association with 1n, was regenerated by the addition of other colorless cationic surfactants (A) such as cetylethyldimethylammonium ion. Studies on the substitution reaction of 1nD with A indicated that a 1 : 1 complex (1nA) is formed by releasing a free dye molecule (D). This was applied to a convenient determination of the cationic surfactant concentration in water.
Ring Expansion of Isopropenylcyclopropanes to Dihydromethyloxepins
Authors: Yamaguchi Seiji , Arisawa Akiko , Katoh Naoko , Hatanaka Keiko , Yokoyama Hajime , Hirai Yoshiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The stereochemistry was studied concerning the ring expansion of some 2-isopropenylcyclopropane-1-carbonyl compounds to 2,5-dihydro-3-methyloxepin derivatives. The LAH reduction of dimethyl 2-isopropenylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate (1aa) gave the corresponding diol, and a subsequent Swern oxidation gave a seven-membered 4,7-dihydro-6-methyloxepin-3-carbaldehyde. A DIBAL reduction of 1aa gave two isomeric hydroxymethyl carboxylic esters, and a subsequent Swern oxidation of methyl 1-hydroxymethyl-t-2-isopropenylcyclopropane-r-1-carboxylate caused a ring expansion to give methyl 4,7-dihydro-6-methyloxepin-3-carboxylate; however, a similar Swern oxidation of methyl 1-hydroxymethyl-c-2-isopropenyl-cyclopropane-r-1-carboxylate caused no ring expansion to give methyl 1-formyl-c-2-isopropenylcyclopropane-r-1-carboxylate.
Magnetic-Field-Induced Deactivation of Polypyrrole Films in Repeated Redox Cycles
Authors: Mogi Iwao , Watanabe Kazuo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Magnetic field effects on the durability of anion-doped polypyrrole (PPy/anion) films were studied by measuring successive cyclic voltammograms in a cryocooler-cooled superconducting magnet. The deactivation, which means positive shifts of the anodic peak potential, was observed in PPy/ClO4− and PPy/Cl− films under the magnetic fields of 2 and 5 T. This magnetic-field-induced deactivation has a novel aspect that is an accumulative effect of the magnetic fields. On the other hand, the degradation of PPy/p-toluenesulfonate films, which means a current decrease in the voltammograms, was not affected by the magnetic field of 5 T.
Characterization of an End Product in a Copper(II)-Mediated Nonenzymatic Reaction of Vitamin B6 with Amino Acid: X-Ray Crystal Structure of a Dimer of Cu(II)·[Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate–Pyridoxamine 5-Phosphate Schiff Base]·7H2O
Authors: Ishida Toshimasa , In Yasuko , Hayashi Chiuru , Manabe Reijiro , Wakahara Akio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A copper(II) complex of the Schiff base condensation of pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) with pyridoxamine 5-phosphate (PMP) was precipitated as an end product during a nonenzymatic copper(II)-mediated transamination reaction of L-amino acid (alanine, leucine, lysine, glutamic acid, or glutamine) via Schiff base formation with PLP at pH = 2.5. The complex was determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis to consist of a dimer of Cu(II)·[PLP–PMP Schiff base]·7H2O, where a covalent bond is formed between the carbon atoms of neighboring Schiff base –C=N– fragments. The crystal consists of a racemate of the (R,R)- and (S,S)-configuration at the covalently bonded carbon atoms. By this bond formation and the phosphate O–Cu(II) coordination between neighboring dimers, complexes exist as a polymerized form in the crystal. The copper(II) ion forms a thermally stable square-pyramidal five-coordination with an azomethine nitrogen, two pyridine oxygens, a water oxygen, and a phosphate oxygen. Possible in vitro copper(II)-mediated formation of the complex from PLP and L-amino acid is considered.
β–α Photoisomerization of Cobaloxime Complexes in the Solid State. 6. Asymmetric Induction Due to Chiral Crystal Environment
Authors: Koura Tsuneo , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of (S)-s-butylamine(2-cyanoethyl)cobaloxime was determined by X-ray analysis; the crystal is monoclinic, and the space group is C2, Z = 4 with a = 15.656(2), b = 11.699(2), c = 11.553(1) Å, β = 96.979(9)° and V = 2100.5(5) Å3. The structure was refined by a full-matrix least-squares method to the final R value of 0.052 for 1678 observed reflections. The 2-cyanoethyl group takes a perpendicular conformation to the cobaloxime plane and has disordered conformations (A, B, and C) around the Co–C bond. The occupancy factors of A, B, and C are 0.48, 0.34, and 0.18, respectively. The crystalline sample was irradiated with a xenon lamp. The (R)-1-cyanoethyl group is preferentially produced from the (S)-s-butylamine complex. The conversion rates, which were determined by HPLC analysis using the chiral stationary phase, were obtained to be 1.17 × 10−5 and 0.59 × 10−5 s−1 for the (R)- and (S)-1-cyanoethyl groups, respectively. The diastereomeric excess is 27%. Such asymmetric induction is well explained by the shape of the reaction cavity for the 2-cyanoethyl group, and is also in good agreement with a packing-energy calculation by molecular mechanics.
Solvent Effects on 59Co Chemical Shifts for Tripositive Cobalt(III) Complex Ions
Authors: Mizuno Yuri , Yokote Aya , Iida Masayasu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Interactions of tripositive cobalt(III) complex ions, such as Δ(lel3)-[Co(chxn)3]3+ (chxn = (R,R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine), [Co(oct-en)(2,3,2-tet)]3+ (oct-en = N-octylethylenediamine, 2,3,2-tet = 3,7-diazanonane-1,9-diamine), [Co(sep)3]3+ (sep = sepulchrate = 1,3,6,8,10,13,16,19-octaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane), and [Co(tn)3]3+ (tn = trimethylenediamine), in various solvents were studied using 59Co chemical shifts together with the electronic absorption spectra. The results are discussed in comparison with those of [Co(en)3]3+, whose 59Co chemical shift in various solvents had been previously reported to be fairly proportional to the donor numbers. There was a trend that the 59Co chemical shift changes greatly if the acidic NH-hydrogen atoms of the ligands are favorable to form hydrogen bonding with the solvents. The magnitudes of the chemical-shift changes for [Co(tn)3]3+ were significantly smaller than those for the en and chxn complexes. This difference can be attributed to the more conformationally labile structure of the tn complex in solution.
Electronic Absorption Spectra of Some 1,4-Benzoquinone Diazides. A Molecular-Orbital Treatment
Authors: Abu-Eittah Rafie , Abdou Mohamed , Hamed Maher , El Nady Yahya 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The electronic absorption spectra of some 1,4-benzoquinone diazides were investigated in different solvents. The results indicate that the studied molecules pertain to the quinonoid structure. A common feature of the observed spectra is the overlap of the spectral bands. A Gaussian analysis was used to resolve the overlapping bands, and the minimum residue method was used to obtain the best fit between the analyzed and observed spectra. The observed spectra were assigned to π–π* transitions, and none of the n–π* transitions were observed. Molecular-orbital calculations with geometry optimization were performed using the ab initio method and different basis sets through the GAMESS package, whereas excited-state calculations were performed using the SCF-AM1-CI procedure through the MOPAC 5 package. For a comparison, MO-calculations were performed on 1,4-benzoquinone.
Racemization and Deracemization of Poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s
Authors: Ito Yoshihiko , Kojima Yutaka , Murakami Masahiro , Suginome Michinori 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Racemization of optically active oligo- and poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl) derivatives with a single screw-sense, prepared by the polymerization of 3,6-diaryl-1,2-diisocyanobenzenes catalyzed by methylpalladium(II) initiator, was investigated. Pentameric and hexameric oligomers with a living palladium terminus were reluctant to undergo racemization in solution at room temperature. However, the (oligoquinoxalinyl)bis(phosphine)palladium(II) complexes underwent a phosphine exchange reaction in the presence of an excess of phosphine ligand with partial racemization at room temperature. Oligomers without palladium terminus, prepared by a treatment of the corresponding palladium derivatives with methylmagnesium bromide, underwent racemization more rapidly, the rate of which depended upon the bulkiness of the substituents at the 5,8-positions of the quinoxaline rings and oligomerization degree, i.e., the number of the quinoxaline units in the oligomer chain. Starting from the racemic polymers with a living palladium terminus, substantial deracemization of the helical poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl) was induced by means of optically active 2,3-O-isopropylidenedioxy-1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane ligand, which coordinated to the palladium terminus.