bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Foam Rubber for Sealing Applications
Authors: Alexopoulos T. , Gazis E. N. , Maltezos S. , Koutelieris G. , Persson B. N. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractO-rings made from foam rubber are often used in sealing applications. Foam rubber have low (macroscopic) elastic modulus $$E_0$$

E
0

resulting in a low nominal contact pressure when squeezed against a countersurface. In most cases the foam rubber is covered by a thin surface film with the effective elastic modulus $$E_1 > E_0$$

E
1

>

E
0

. We show that the nominal contact pressure may not be high enough for the contact area to percolate and the O-ring seal will leak. For the leakage calculations we use the Persson multiscale contact mechanics theory, and the (modified) Bruggeman effective medium theory for the fluid flow conductivity. The experimental input for the theory are surface roughness power spectrum, which was obtained from stylus topography measurements, and the elastic properties ($$E_0$$

E
0

and $$E_1$$

E
1

) of the rubber O-ring. As an application of this calculation method, we have used the preliminary as well as the final results of the laboratory gas tightness tests of the 136 New Small Wheel Micromegas Quadruplets performed at CERN, from February 2019 to May 2021, in the framework of the ATLAS Experiment upgrade. In the integration quality control, a novel method for gas tightness measurement, that we have called “Flow Rate Loss”, has been used as a baseline method.
Graphical Abstract
Determination of performance response of broilers to fermented tropical leaf meal supplementation using meta-analytical method
Authors: Ogbuewu I. P. , Mabelebele M. , Mbajiorgu C. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFermented tropical leaf meals (FTLM) are currently added to chicken feed to improve chicken productivity due to their reported nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, the effects of FTLM on broiler productivity and health are less clear. Thus, this meta-analysis was designed to assess the effects of FTLM on the performance outcomes of broilers Eleven controlled studies were retrieved and used to explore the impacts of dietary FTLM supplementation on growth performance [feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG)], blood lipids, slaughter performance (abdominal fat, breast and thigh muscles weight), meat quality [pH, drip loss, shear force, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)], and intestinal histomorphology [villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and VH/CD values] of broilers. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses of the effects of moderators (i.e., leaf meal type, supplementation level, broiler strains, rearing phase, and fermentation microbes) on the growth performance of broilers were also assessed. Results show that dietary FTLM supplementation increased FI [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02, 0.20; P < 0.0001], improved ADG (SMD = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.43; P < 0.0001) and FCR (SMD =  − 0.21; 95% CI: − 0.30, − 0.11; P < 0.0001) in broilers. In addition, FTLM enhanced slaughter performance, meat quality, and intestinal histomorphology of broilers. Broilers fed 0—5 g/kg feed FTLM had better FI, FCR, and ADG than the controls taking significant heterogeneity into account. Meta-regression revealed that analysed moderators influenced growth performance results and accounted for some of the sources of heterogeneity. It can be concluded that up to 5 g/kg of FTLM can be added to broiler feed to improve growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, slaughter performance, and meat quality without adverse effects on dressing percentage and blood lipid profiles.
Organic tracers in fine and coarse aerosols at an urban Mediterranean site: contribution of biomass burning and biogenic emissions
Authors: Clemente Álvaro , Yubero Eduardo , Nicolás Jose F. , Crespo Javier , Galindo Nuria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe concentrations of anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan), polyols (inositol, xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol), and glucose were measured in PM1 and PM10 samples collected during 1 year at a traffic site in the city of Elche (southeastern Spain). Levoglucosan, mannosan, and galactosan were mainly found in the PM1 fraction since they are mainly emitted from biomass burning (BB). Likewise, inositol, xylitol, and sorbitol were primarily distributed in the fine mode, suggesting a non-negligible contribution from anthropogenic sources (specifically BB) to the levels of these compounds. This was supported by their seasonal variations, with higher concentrations during winter, and their correlations with levoglucosan concentrations. The average contributions of biomass burning and biogenic sources to OC and PM levels were calculated using levoglucosan and mannitol, respectively, as tracers. On average, BB accounted for 12% and 16% of the OC in PM1 and PM10, while the estimated contribution of fungal spores to OC and PM10 levels was 1.2 and 0.8%, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that, at least in the study area, most sugar alcohols are not appropriate tracers of biogenic emissions.
Different responses of lipids and lignin phenols to nitrogen addition in meadow grassland soil
Authors: Pei Zhifu , Shen Qinguo , Shang Xingling , Hong Mei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Nitrogen (N) enrichment can affect the composition and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools by altering vegetation and soil properties. However, the response of plant-derived carbon components in soil to different N addition levels is unclear. We investigated the changes and potential driving processes of plant-derived carbon components (especially lignins and lipids) in meadow grassland soils under long-term N addition in eastern Inner Mongolia, China.

Materials and methods
Biomarker technology was utilised to analyse changes in plant-derived carbon components (C>20 free lipids, bound lipids, and lignin phenols) in soil under different N addition levels, including changes in soil chemical properties, enzyme activity, plant biomass, and diversity under N addition, as well as the specific pathways involved.

Results and discussion
We found that high levels of N addition significantly reduced the concentration of soil lignin phenols whereas increased the accumulation of lipids (free and bound lipids). Compared with changes in plant biomass and diversity, soil chemical properties and enzyme activity play a more significant role in regulating the accumulation and degradation of plant-derived carbon. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that decreases in lignin phenol concentration were related to specific biochemical decomposition processes (increased polyphenol oxidase activity and decreased C/N). The increase in lipids associated with the protective effects of minerals mediated by pH.

Conclusions
In general, plant-derived carbon components showed inconsistent responses to N addition, lignin phenol concentration decreased and lipid concentration increased, which was mainly related to the change of soil biochemical properties. Plant-derived carbon components only showed significant changes under high N addition levels. Furthermore, our research indicates that SOC sequestration and functioning are highly dependent on soil biochemical properties, which weakens the influence of changes in plant carbon input on soil carbon storage.
Beyond a Shared History: A Biosocial Perspective on Sociogenomics and Racism in Germany
Authors: Aikins Muna AnNisa , Willems Yayouk Eva , Fraemke Deniz , Raffington Laurel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent advances in sociogenomics offer new opportunities to integrate genetic and epigenetic measures into social science research on human lifespan development. Now, German social science cohorts have followed suit with this global trend. We anticipate that the integration of genetic measures into German social science cohorts is likely to be met with hesitation and dismay. Historically, racialized pseudo-science disguised as genetic research was used to justify the political exploitation, oppression, and genocide conducted by colonial and Nazi Germany regimes. In response, German institutions and social sciences actively avoided race-related research. However, avoiding the intersection of socially constructed race and genetics may stall the deconstruction of enduring racial discrimination and the identification of racialized social inequalities. Recent survey studies show that half of the German population still believe in the existence of biologically distinct human “races” and that racism is rampant. This article is aimed at providing a biosocial perspective on sociogenomics and racism in Germany. First, we discuss the biologistic construction of race that became prevalent in colonial and Nazi Germany. We argue that racist legacies are sources of social inequality in contemporary German society. We further review recent human genomic science that clearly demonstrates that there is no biological basis to socially constructed race. Second, we propose a biosocial perspective that integrates how genes “get out of the skin” and racism “gets under the skin”. Transactional genetic effects, which involve human behavior and interactions between people in society, are expected to depend on environmental inequalities tied to systemic racism. We summarize recent sociogenomics studies using polygenic indices and epigenetic profile scores showing that a) genes contribute to complex human traits and b) the expression of genetic variation is affected by socioeconomic and racialized inequality. Finally, we offer a roadmap toward race-critical biosocial research that breaks with the historically informed avoidance of race to reconstruct race-critical concepts, datasets, and scientific systems.
Developing a Decision Aid for Clinical Obesity Services in the Real World: the DACOS Nationwide Pilot Study
Authors: Atlantis Evan , Kormas Nic , Piya Milan , Sahebol-Amri Mehdi , Williams Kathryn , Huang Hsin-Chia Carol , Bishay Ramy , Chikani Viral , Girolamo Teresa , Prodan Ante , Fahey Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a decision aid tool using “real-world” data within the Australian health system to predict weight loss after bariatric surgery and non-surgical care.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed patient record data (aged 16+years) from initial review between 2015 and 2020 with 6-month (n=219) and 9-/12-month (n=153) follow-ups at eight clinical obesity services. Primary outcome was percentage total weight loss (%TWL) at 6 months and 9/12 months. Predictors were selected by statistical evidence (p<0.20), effect size (±2%), and clinical judgment. Multiple linear regression and bariatric surgery were used to create simple predictive models. Accuracy was measured using percentage of predictions within 5% of the observed value, and sensitivity and specificity for predicting target weight loss of 5% (non-surgical care) and 15% (bariatric surgery).

Results
Observed %TWL with bariatric surgery vs. non-surgical care was 19% vs. 5% at 6 months and 22% vs. 5% at 9/12 months. Predictors at 6 months with intercept (non-surgical care) of 6% include bariatric surgery (+11%), BMI>60 (–3%), depression (–2%), anxiety (–2%), and eating disorder (–2%). Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 58%, 69%, and 56%. Predictors at 9/12 months with intercept of 5% include bariatric surgery (+15%), type 2 diabetes (+5%), eating disorder (+4%), fatty liver (+2%), atrial fibrillation (–4%), osteoarthritis (–3%), sleep/mental disorders (–2–3%), and ≥10 alcohol drinks/week (–2%). Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 55%, 86%, and 53%.

Conclusion
Clinicians may use DACOS to discuss potential weight loss predictors with patients after surgery or non-surgical care.

Graphical Abstract
Simulation-based validation of process monitoring tasks in assembly
Authors: Gonnermann Clemens , Kurscheid Sebastian , Schmucker Benedikt , Daub Rüdiger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe importance of process monitoring has increased significantly in today’s manufacturing landscape due to several factors. These factors include stricter quality standards, the presence of complex and diverse processes for customized products, and a focus on sustainability in energy and material consumption. In order to seamlessly integrate process monitoring into the production planning process, it is essential to automate the monitoring process planning while also taking into account production planning. Given the increasing importance of high-quality processes and products, assembly processes have become critical, as errors in assembly can lead to expensive production costs. However, generating and validating different process monitoring alternatives in assembly planning can be challenging because different processes and resources exist for different assembly plans. This research aims to solve this problem by providing a method to validate process monitoring alternatives more efficiently, thereby reducing the amount of manual effort and expert knowledge. This goal is achieved through automated validation using two simulation approaches: Collision Testing and Ray Casting. The results of this study are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Paediatric Rheumatology Fails to Meet Current Benchmarks, a Call for Health Equity for Children Living with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Using Digital Health Technologies
Authors: Butler Sonia , Sculley Dean , Santos Derek , Girones Xavier , Singh-Grewal Davinder , Coda Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This critical review begins by presenting the history of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) management. To move the conversation forward in addressing the current shortcomings that exist in the clinical management of children living with JIA, we argue that to date, the advancement of successful treatments for JIA has been historically slow. Factors implicated in this situation include a lack of rigorous research, JIA being considered a rare disease, and JIA’s idiopathic and complex pathophysiology.

Recent Findings
Despite the well-intended legislative changes to increase paediatric research, and the major advancements seen in molecular medicine over the last 30 years, globally, paediatric rheumatology services are still failing to meet the current benchmarks of best practice. Provoking questions on how the longstanding health care disparities of poor access and delayed treatment for children living with JIA can be improved, to improve healthcare outcomes.

Summary
Globally, paediatric rheumatology services are failing to meet the current benchmarks of best practice. Raising awareness of the barriers hindering JIA management is the first step in reducing the current health inequalities experienced by children living with JIA. Action must be taken now, to train and well-equip the paediatric rheumatology interdisciplinary workforce. We propose, a resource-efficient way to improve the quality of care provided could be achieved by embedding digital health into clinical practice, to create an integrative care model between the children, general practice and the paediatric rheumatology team. To improve fragmented service delivery and the coordination of interdisciplinary care, across the healthcare system.
Student Experiences of Sexual Violence as Targets and Bystanders—a Qualitative Investigation in a Public University in Guatemala
Authors: Lyons Minna , Gómez Lidia Danilova Rabanales , Chopen Nikté , Dávila Numa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBystander behaviour in sexual violence has been investigated widely in the Global North, and especially in the US context. However, there has been a call for qualitative approaches to increase understanding of sexual violence and bystander behaviour in a wider range of countries. In the present study, we conducted focus group research to investigate sexual violence in the only public university in Guatemala, Central America. In total, 18 students (5 men) participated in one of six online focus group sessions. We employed an inductive thematic analysis, and constructed four main themes: Forms, dynamics, and consequences violence to the targets and the bystanders; Barriers to bystander action; Facilitators to bystander action; and Past bystander intervention actions. We discuss the results with a reference to the context in Guatemala, and suggest intervention approaches based for the future.
Potential Residence and Coexistence Strategy of Tursiops truncatus in a Coastal Lagoon in the Southern Gulf of Mexico: Ecological Inferences Using Stable Isotopes
Authors: Naranjo-Ruiz K. L. , Torres-Rojas Y. E. , Delgado-Estrella A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Terminos Lagoon Flora and Fauna Protection Area is the largest coastal lagoon in the southern Gulf of Mexico and has the largest population of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, reported in the region. Photo identification studies have reported permanent and seasonal residence of dolphins; however, how dolphins coexist ecologically is unknown. In the present study, from 17 dead specimens stranded on the coast of Isla del Carmen (barrier island) between 2014 and 2016, stable isotopes in the liver, heart, and muscle, which represent different time scales, were analyzed to determine residence through δ13C values and niche width and trophic coexistence through δ15N values. Differences between sexes (δ13C liver: p = 0.009; heart: p = 0.01) and age classes (δ15N muscle: p = 0.02) were found, which indicated trophic sexual segregation and changes in resource use during growth, respectively. The lack of significant differences in δ13C values indicated isotopic equilibrium between the tissues, indicating the possible permanent residence of 12 dolphins in Terminos Lagoon as a coastal ecotype (− 16‰) and a second group (five dolphins) as an oceanic ecotype (− 18‰). In conclusion, most dolphins stranded in the Terminos Lagoon are potential permanent residents of this habitat, with evidence of resource partitioning as a coexistence strategy.
Optimizing Placement and Scheduling for VNF by a Multi-objective Optimization Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Thien Phan Duc , Wu Fan , Bekhit Mahmoud , Fathalla Ahmed , Salah Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVirtual network functions (VNFs) have gradually replaced the implementation of traditional network functions. Through efficient placement, the VNF placement technology strives to operate VNFs consistently to the greatest extent possible within restricted resources. Thus, VNF mapping and scheduling tasks can be framed as an optimization problem. Existing research efforts focus only on optimizing the VNFs scheduling or mapping. Besides, the existing methods focus only on one or two objectives. In this work, we proposed addressing the problem of VNFs scheduling and mapping. This work proposed framing the problem of VNFs scheduling and mapping as a multi-objective optimization problem on three objectives, namely (1) minimizing line latency of network link, (2) reducing the processing capacity of each virtual machine, and (3) reducing the processing latency of virtual machines. Then, the proposed VNF-NSGA-III algorithm, an adapted variation of the NSGA-III algorithm, was used to solve this multi-objective problem. Our proposed algorithm has been thoroughly evaluated through a series of experiments on homogeneous and heterogeneous data center environments. The proposed method was compared to several heuristic and recent meta-heuristic methods. The results reveal that the VNF-NSGA-III outperformed the comparison methods.
Identifying incarceration status in the electronic health record using large language models in emergency department settings
Authors: Huang Thomas , Socrates Vimig , Gilson Aidan , Safranek Conrad , Chi Ling , Wang Emily A. , Puglisi Lisa B. , Brandt Cynthia , Taylor R. Andrew , Wang Karen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Incarceration is a significant social determinant of health, contributing to high morbidity, mortality, and racialized health inequities. However, incarceration status is largely invisible to health services research due to inadequate clinical electronic health record (EHR) capture. This study aims to develop, train, and validate natural language processing (NLP) techniques to more effectively identify incarceration status in the EHR.

Methods:
The study population consisted of adult patients (≥ 18 y.o.) who presented to the emergency department between June 2013 and August 2021. The EHR database was filtered for notes for specific incarceration-related terms, and then a random selection of 1,000 notes was annotated for incarceration and further stratified into specific statuses of prior history, recent, and current incarceration. For NLP model development, 80% of the notes were used to train the Longformer-based and RoBERTa algorithms. The remaining 20% of the notes underwent analysis with GPT-4.

Results:
There were 849 unique patients across 989 visits in the 1000 annotated notes. Manual annotation revealed that 559 of 1000 notes (55.9%) contained evidence of incarceration history. ICD-10 code (sensitivity: 4.8%, specificity: 99.1%, F1-score: 0.09) demonstrated inferior performance to RoBERTa NLP (sensitivity: 78.6%, specificity: 73.3%, F1-score: 0.79), Longformer NLP (sensitivity: 94.6%, specificity: 87.5%, F1-score: 0.93), and GPT-4 (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 61.1%, F1-score: 0.86).

Conclusions:
Our advanced NLP models demonstrate a high degree of accuracy in identifying incarceration status from clinical notes. Further research is needed to explore their scaled implementation in population health initiatives and assess their potential to mitigate health disparities through tailored system interventions.
Medical Response to the February 6, 2023, Earthquakes in Hatay: Challenges Faced in the Deadliest Disaster in the History of Türkiye
Authors: Tayfur İsmail , Bayramoğlu Burcu , Şimşek Perihan , Gunduz Abdülkadir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective:The Kahramanmaraş earthquakes struck the north-eastern part of Türkiye and Syria on February 6, 2023. It is well known that timely coordination and provision of emergency medical care in the field is particularly important to save lives after earthquakes. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by medical responders on the ground.Methods:This exploratory-descriptive qualitative study was conducted in Hatay, the province most affected by the earthquakes. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and field observations, and then analyzed using thematic analysis approach.Results:The study was carried out with 15 first responders from the medical profession. The study revealed 9 themes of challenges faced by medical responders: providing safety and security, human resources management, meeting personal needs, recording data, communication, patient transport, burial procedures, psychological acumen, and logistical problems. Some problems were resolved after 72 h and some continued until day 7.Conclusions:Inadequate organization of volunteer health workers, communication breakdowns, and logistical problems are some of the main challenges. To address these issues, satellite phones and radio systems can be promoted, as well as disaster-resilient logistical planning and better coordination of volunteers.
Hyperfiniteness of boundary actions of acylindrically hyperbolic groups
Authors: Oyakawa Koichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe prove that, for any countable acylindrically hyperbolic groupG, there exists a generating setSofGsuch that the corresponding Cayley graph$\Gamma (G,S)$is hyperbolic,$|\partial \Gamma (G,S)|>2$, the natural action ofGon$\Gamma (G,S)$is acylindrical and the natural action ofGon the Gromov boundary$\partial \Gamma (G,S)$is hyperfinite. This result broadens the class of groups that admit a non-elementary acylindrical action on a hyperbolic space with a hyperfinite boundary action.