bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of genetically modified rice containing codA gene on physiological metabolism and genetic horizontal transformation in fed rats
Authors: Zhi-Hui Zhao , Li-Tao Yang , Xiao-Jie Ai , Da-Bing Zhang , Si-Xiang Zou 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo analyse the influence of genetically modified (GM) rice (Oryza sativa) containing the exogenous choline oxidase (codA) gene on physiological metabolism and genetic horizontal transformation in the fed rats, the animals were divided randomly into two groups. One group was fed with the feedstuff containing 30% of transgenic rice. The remaining (control) group was fed with the feedstuff containing 30% of non-transgenic rice. After 30 days, growth, physiological metabolism parameters such as growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucagon, 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the genetic horizontal transformation were analysed. Results indicated that the weight of all rats from the two groups was similar (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the level of GH, insulin, glucagon, T4, T3 and TSH between the treated and untreated rats. The serum urea nitrogen (SUN), glucose, the glutamate–pyruvate transaminase (GTP), as well as the total cholesterol, of treated rats were almost identical to those of the control (P>0.05). Moreover, no target DNA sequence of rice endogenous sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) gene or exogenous choline oxidase (codA) gene was detected in organs (liver, muscle, pancreas, etc.) except the stomach, gastrointestinal and rectum contents, and no genetic horizontal transformation was observed in rats fed with transgenic rice.
PCR for the detection of the anti-herbicide genes in genetically modified organisms
Authors: Wen-Tao Xu , Kun-Lun Huang , Ai-Ke Deng , Yun-Bo Luo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGenetically modified organisms (GMOs) containing anti-herbicide genes account for more than 75% of all GMO and the proportion is increasing. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has proved to be an invaluable tool for the specific and sensitive detection of genetically modified material in foodstuffs and PCR screening for the presence of transgenic components in food is becoming a routine method in modern food analysis. In this study, the five kinds of the anti-herbicide genes (bar, pat,cp4-epsps1,cp4epsps2andgox) were examined by PCR in four kinds of genetically modified crops (soy, maize, cotton and rape). Results indicate that the method was sensitive, specific and credible, and that all genetically modified and approved crops containing the anti-herbicide genes can be examined by this method.
Map2mod—a server for evaluation of crystallographic models and their agreement with electron density maps
Authors: Kirillova Olga , Minor Wladek 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Summary: Here we report on recent developments of the map2mod server. It has been designed for validation of protein models created by X-ray data interpretation. It can also be used during the refinement process since it is able to indicate problem regions in the model. Apart from evaluation of model quality, it has an option to remove atoms of side chains, which are not consistent with the maps as well as improperly placed water molecules. There are two additional options: checking the B-factors of atoms in the provided model and comparison of R and Rfree values obtained as the result of refinement with the averages characteristic for the data resolution shell.
Availability: The map2mod server is freely available for all user community ().
Contact: olga,wladek@iwonka.med.virginia.edu
Comparative Study on the Long‐Term Effectiveness Between Coblation‐ and Microdebrider‐Assisted Partial Turbinoplasty
Authors: Lee Jae Yong , Lee Jong Dae 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjectives: Various surgical methods have been tried to relieve the symptoms of nasal obstruction in patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Recently, coblation that uses the radiofrequency and microdebrider is being increasingly used in turbinate surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the long‐term postoperative outcome between the coblation‐ and microdebrider‐assisted partial turbinoplasty.Methods: We selected 60 patients for this prospective study who had nasal obstruction and hypertrophied turbinate mucosa that was refractory to medical treatment. Thirty patients were treated with coblation (group 1) and 30 patients were treated with microdebrider (group 2). Postoperative changes in degree of nasal obstruction were evaluated prospectively at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. A cross‐sectional area of second notch and volume of nasal cavity were compared at 12 months after operation. Operation time, duration of crust formation, postnasal drip, and postoperative bleeding were also compared.Results: Nasal obstruction was improved significantly in both groups at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. However, when compared between two groups, symptom improvement was statistically significant in group 2 at 12 months after surgery. Acoustic rhinometry performed at 12 months demonstrated a significant increase of cross‐sectional area of second notch and volume of nasal cavity in group 2 in comparison with group 1. There were no significant differences in degree of postnasal drip, operation time, or duration of crust formation between the two groups.Conclusion: This study suggests that microdebrider‐assisted partial turbinoplasty is more effective and satisfactory in long‐term relief of nasal obstruction and reduction in mucosal volume of anterior head of inferior turbinate.
Surgical Removal of Jugular Paragangliomas After Stenting of the Intratemporal Internal Carotid Artery: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Sanna Mario , Khrais Tarek , Menozi Roberto , Piaza Paolo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjective: Jugular paragangliomas with extensive involvement of the internal carotid artery (ICA) represent a true challenge for surgeons, especially in the presence of inadequate collateral circulation through the circle of Willis. The aim of our study is to present a preliminary report of our experience with the surgical removal of three such cases using the stenting of the ICA as the method of choice for protecting and preserving the integrity of the artery.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Gruppo Otologico, a private referral center for neurotology and skull base surgery. The subjects of our study are three cases of jugular paragangliomas with extensive involvement of the ICA and inadequate collateral circulation. These cases are the first three cases operated at our center after stenting of the intratemporal portion of the ICA.Results: Complete surgical removal of the tumor, including the part involving the ICA, was achieved in all cases. Over a follow‐up period of 22 to 30 months, no complications occurred and the patency of the stented arteries was preserved.Conclusion: Although more follow‐up is still needed before establishing the exact long‐term outcome of stenting the intratemporal ICA, our preliminary report shows that the stent has facilitated the complete surgical removal of the tumor, preserving the integrity of the ICA.
Partial Cricotracheal Resection for Successful Reversal of Laryngotracheal Separation in Patients with Chronic Aspiration
Authors: Hricko Peter , Storck Claudio , Schmid Stephan , Stoeckli Sandro J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjective: To present our experience with successful reversal of laryngotracheal separation in patients with chronic aspiration, to discuss our surgical technique, and to review the literature.Study Design: Retrospective case review.Methods: The medical records of two patients who underwent a successful reversal of laryngotracheal reversal after separation were reviewed. The two patients were evaluated clinically with videostroboscopy and videofluoroscopy.Results: Both patients presented with intractable aspiration despite protective tracheostomy because of impairment of lower cranial nerve function. After laryngotracheal separation, swallowing rehabilitation was safely possible, and neurologic improvement allowed reversal of the separation procedure. For reversal, we present the use of a partial cricotracheal resection with tracheocricothyropexia similar to the technique used for subglottic stenosis. Both patients were successfully reversed.Satisfactory voice and swallowing function 7 and 10 years after reversal, respectively, could be assessed through our evaluation. Review of the literature revealed a total of 13 cases of successful reversal after laryngotracheal separation. Technical details of surgery and functional results are rarely reported.
The clinical significance of mediators of cellular immunity
Authors: DUMONDE D. C. , MAINI R. N. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis paper reviews experimental and clinical evidence for the existence of soluble mediators of cellular immune responses. Clinical appraisal of this field is now emerging from the stage of biological definition and technical development to the stage at which acceptable standards of mediator activity will now be required. The biological significance of these mediators may lie in amplification and regulation of the immunological response. The clinical significance of this field lies in the detection, assay and repair of genetic or non‐genetic disorders of cell‐mediated immunity. Development of this field will be much assisted by parallel studies of cell‐mediator function in both animals and man; and, with some optimism, may yield a predictive basis for control of the cellular immune response.
Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents—complex salts of platinum
Authors: PEPYS J. , PICKERING C. A. C. , HUGHES E. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixteen workers, from a platinum refinery, with respiratory disease were tested with solutions of complex salts of platinum and ten gave immediate prick test reactions to concentrations of 10−4−10−6and immediate nasal reactions in seven out of eleven tested to concentrations of 103−10−8. Occupational‐type exposure inhalation tests to the dust from mixtures of 40 mg of the platinum salt with 1 kg of lactose gave immediate asthmatic reactions in eight and in one of these a late reaction, all also giving immediate prick test reactions. The asthmatic reactions were inhibited by disodium cromoglycate. In two with negative prick tests, late asthmatic reactions were elicited. The occupational‐type exposure test provides a safe, acceptable procedure for etiological diagnosis.
Mites and house dust allergy III. In vitro lymphocyte transformation and precipitating antibody to house dust and mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) extract in atopic and non‐atopic individuals
Authors: ROMAGNANI S. , BILIOTTI G. , PASSALEVA A. , RICCI M. 
Published: April 2006

Summary In vitro lymphocyte transformation and the precipitating antibody to house dust and mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) extract were studied in mite‐ and house‐dust sensitive patients and in non‐atopic individuals. House‐dust extract was able to induce a significant [2‐14C]thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes from house‐dust‐sensitive as well as non‐allergic individuals. An in vitro response to mite extract, even if less marked, was also seen in most of mite‐sensitive patients.By the micro‐Ouchterlony and counterimmunoelectrophoresis techniques anti‐dust antibodies were found in the serum of all house‐dust‐sensitive and non‐atopic individuals tested. Anti‐mite precipitins were detected in a smaller number of subjects.
Pulmonary aspergilloma—clinical immunology
Authors: McCARTHY D. S. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐eight selected patients with pulmonary aspergilloma and many with respiratory symptoms were investigated. Their atopic status was evaluated and immunological reactivity to extracts of A. fumigatus studied by means of skin, serological and inhalation challenge tests. The findings suggested that immunological mechanisms may have played a role in producing symptoms in 75% of these patients. Based on these findings, corticosteroids may have a place in treatment of some patients with pulmonary aspergilloma. Care in the use of corticosteroids is recommended because of the prevalence of bacterial infection. Suggestions are offered for selecting patients likely to respond to corticosteroid drugs.
Effect of disodium cromoglycate on asthmatic reactions to alcoholic beverages
Authors: BRESLIN A. B. X. , HENDRICK D. J. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEleven asthmatic patients with a history of asthma with or without rhinitis following the ingestion of alcoholic drinks were challenged by oral ingestion of the suspected drink, and some with equivalent amounts of ethyl alcohol. Asthma was provoked in six cases, four having falls in the FEV1 of more than 15%. Three of the latter studied in detail gave immediate asthmatic reactions to the alcoholic beverage, but not to the ethyl alcohol tested by oral ingestion, and in one case by administration through a naso‐gastric tube. Pre‐treatment by inhalation of disodium cromoglycate inhibited the asthmatic reactions to the alcoholic beverages.
A fine structure study of some cellular components in allergic reactions 1. Degranulation of human mast cells in allergic asthma and perennial rhinitis
Authors: TROTTER C. M. , ORR T. S. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTissues from patients with allergic asthma or perennial rhinitis have been examined and normal mast cell ultrastructure described. Degranulating mast cells are shown in nasal and bronchiolar tissue, with attention focused on granules, microfilaments and labyrinth and pore formations.Five stages of degranulation are described: (1) disappearance of granule lamellae; (2) swelling of area within perigranular membrane; (3) fusion of perigranular membranes or fusion of perigranular and plasma membranes; (4) perforation of fused perigranular and plasma membranes; (5) extrusion of granules.
The effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide) and sodium cromoglycate on asthmatic reactions to provocation tests
Authors: PEPYS J. , DAVIES R. J. , BRESLIN A. B. X. , HENDRICK D. J. , HUTCHCROFT B. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA comparison was made between the effects of prior inhalation of sodium cromogly‐cate or beclomethasone dipropionate on immediate, late and dual asthmatic reactions to provocation challenge tests with a range of allergens. Whereas sodium cromoglycate inhibited immediate and dual asthmatic reactions, beclomethasone dipropionate had no effect on immediate asthmatic reactions, but consistently inhibited late asthmatic reactions.
Distribution of pyroglyphid mites in Birmingham with particular reference to Euroglyphus maynei
Authors: BLYTHE M. E. , WILLIAMS J. D. , SMITH J. MORRISON 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe Dermatophagoides mites are well recognized as allergens in bronchial asthma. A survey of mattress dust in Birmingham showed large numbers of Euroglyphus maynei to be present in addition. A variation was found in mite populations in dust collected by vacuum cleaner when compared to brushed samples, which may explain previous findings of only small numbers of E. maynei. A mean density of 296 pyroglyphid mites; 100 μg dust was found in mattress dust. Glycyphagus species formed only 1%, of all mites seen.
Munchausen's stridor: non‐organic laryngeal obstruction
Authors: PATTERSON ROY , SCHATZ MICHAEL , HORTON MARK 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA patient had at least 15 hospital admissions for symptoms of acute dyspnoea accompanied by loud stridorous sounds. These episodes had been diagnosed as acute airway obstruction and she was treated on all occasions on an emergency basis. In the absence of a definitive etiology and with other clues, it was then recognized that the patient was imitating the clinical appearance of laryngeal obstruction. Following the establishment of this, psychiatric care was initiated with the goal of rehabilitation of the patient, and there have been no further episodes to the present time.
Methods of destroying house dust pyroglyphid mites
Authors: PENAUD A. , NOURRIT J. , AUTRAN P. , TIMON‐DAVID P. , JACQUET‐FRANCILLON M. , CHARPIN J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAttempts to reduce the growth of house dust pyroglyphid mites by vacuum cleaning, and modifications of temperature and humidity are useful but not sufficient. Their absence in dust from hospital beds which are disinfected led the authors to test PARAGERM AK, a non toxic bactericidal and fungicidal spray. This proved highly effective as an acaricide, killing off cultures of Dermatophagoides spp. and other mites with acceptable arid easily produced concentrations, thus providing a new way of combating the house dust allergy mite.
Cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia
Authors: TURNER‐WARWICK M. , ASSEM E. S. K. , LOCKWOOD M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe clinical and immunological features of fifteen cases of cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia are reported. There were ten women (mean age 35·4 years) and five men (mean age 42 years). Eight gave a previous history of asthma and seven had none. Thirteen of the fifteen patients had negative skin test to common allergens. Many features of a systemic illness were present in the asthmatic and non‐asthmatic groups including anaemia, weight loss, fever and a grossly raised ESR. An absolute polymorphonuclear leucocytosis was frequent as well as the obligatory increase in blood eosinophils used as one of our criteria for inclusion. Hepatomegaly (three cases), splenomegaly (four cases) and hilar node enlargement (one case) were seen in the group without asthma. Evidence of renal involvement or necrotizing vasculitis was notably absent and the response to small doses of corticosteroids was dramatic.Immunologically the striking feature was a disproportionate increase in blood eosinophils compared with only minor elevations in the total serum IgE levels. This stands in contrast to patients with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and helminth infestation.Studies of cytophilic antibodies using histamine liberation after challenge with antibodies to immunoglobulin sub‐classes in six patients showed a marked increase in IgG2 and lesser increases of IgE and IgG3. No evidence of antibodies specific to A. fumigatus was found. The amount of cytophilic antibody was also in contrast to that found in bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Pulmonary responses to particulate materials capable of activating the alternative pathway of complement
Authors: EDWARDS J. H. , WAGNER J. C. , SEAL R. M. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe cellular sequence of events evoked by the intratracheal injection of both respirable mouldy hay dust and zymosan in unsensitized rats and rabbits was markedly similar and contained many features seen in lung biopsies from farmer's lung cases.It is considered that a combination of ability to activate the alternative pathway of complement and the particulate nature of mouldy hay dust and zymosan produced the pulmonary response seen and as such, considerable insight has been gained into mechanisms by which unsensitized individuals respond to dust inhalation. It is suggested that alternative pathway activation may produce an attack of farmer's lung in the absence of precipitins or other forms of hypersensitivity to the dust or its components and that cases designated as ‘pulmonary mycotoxicosis’ are more rationally explained by this mechanism.
Serological investigations in hymenoptera sting allergy: IgE and haemagglutinating antibodies against bee venom in patients with bee sting allergy, bee keepers and non‐allergic blood donors
Authors: MÜLLER U. , SPIESS J. , ROTH A. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySpecific IgE‐antibodies and haemagglutinins to bee venom were determined in fifty‐five bee sting allergic patients, fifty‐seven bee keepers and fifty‐two blood donors without evident allergy to hymenoptera stings. IgE‐antibodies were detected by RAST in 70% of allergic patients, 40% of bee keepers and 12% of blood donors.Most bee keepers with detectable IgE‐antibodies to bee venom recorded severe local or even general reactions to bee stings. Most blood donors with detectable specific IgE had been stung by hymenoptera in the past.High titres of haemagglutinating antibodies against phospholipase A were found in most bee keepers, occasionally in bee sting allergic patients but only rarely in blood donors.The determination of specific IgE‐antibodies to insect venoms by RAST seems to be a valuable method for the diagnosis of hymenoptera sting allergy.
Eosinophilic leucocytes in nasal allergy—movement of enzymes
Authors: WATANABE KENSUKE , HASEGAWA MAKOTO , SAITO YOZO , TAKAYAMA SATORU 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe changes in peroxidase of the granules of eosinophils were examined in cells in the nasal mucous membranes of persons allergic to house dust.There was a slight leakage of peroxidase from eosinophil granules immediately after placing an antigen‐treated disc (house dust, Torii, 2560 μg/disc) on the nasal mucous membrane.Leakage of peroxidase from the eosinophil granules into the cytoplasm, and extracellular release from some eosinophils, was greater 20 min after provocation, than at 30 sec.There were two forms of peroxidase release from the plasma membrane. In one, the granule membrane fused with the plasma membrane and the peroxidase was released from the cell through destruction of the two fused membranes. This was considered to be active secretion. In the other form, the plasma membrane was damaged by peroxidase released from the granules into the cytoplasm. This was considered to be passive release following degeneration of the cell.
Grass pollen content of the air in the Bristol Channel region in 1976
Authors: MULLINS J. , WARNOCK D. W. , POWELL J. , JONES I. , HARVEY R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe grass pollen content of the air at four sites bordering the Bristol Channel (at Bristol, Cardiff, Penarth and Penmaen) was studied. The trap at Penmaen was situated at an official climatological station which provided the meteorological data used in the surveys. Although at certain times large differences could be seen between the concentrations of grass pollen at the different sites, overall the findings for the four sites were similar. Changes in the atmospheric pollen concentration related to variations in meteorological conditions. At the peak of the season high concentrations of grass pollen persisted throughout the night.
Immunoglobulin E specific to wheat and rye flour proteins
Authors: BJÖRKSTÉN F. , BACKMAN A. , JÄRVINEN K. A. J. , LEHTI H. , SAVILAHTI E. , SYVÄNEN P. , KÄRKKÄINEN T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have used the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to determine IgE antibodies specific to wheat flour proteins in the sera of seven groups of patients. In some cases rye‐specific IgE was also determined. Wheat and rye RAST scores showed a good correlation, presumably due to cross‐reactions. Among bakers with asthma, positive scores, 0.5–3, occurred with a prevalence of 43%, and among children with eczema, scores in the range 0.5–4 were found with a prevalence of 54%. A score of 0.5 was a marginal value which was also occasionally encountered with sera from patient groups with no history of immediate hypersensitivity to wheat or rye. These groups included adults and children with allergic rhinitis and asthma, children from the general population and children with coeliac disease. The RAST appeared useful in the diagnosis of allergy to inhaled flour dust among bakers. Among children with eczema, positive wheat and rye RAST results were a common finding, which only occasionally could be linked to strong and unequivocal reactions to the foods in question. Both in bakers and children with eczema, wheat and rye RAST results showed good agreement with intracutaneous skin test results.