bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Energies of Fragment Ions from n-Butane Resulting from Electron Impact
Authors: Inoue Miyako , Danno Akibumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The discrimination effect on the fragment ions from n-butane produced by electron impact has been investigated using a conventional mass spectrometer. From the effect of discrimination, it has been concluded that the relative intensity of fragment ions with initial energies larger than their thermal energy is markedly dependent on the conditions of measurement. On the basis of the information gained about the effect of discrimination on ions, the amount of the kinetic energy for fragment ions from n-butane has been estimated. From the results of our experiments, it is reasonable to consider that considerable portions of C3H3+, C3H4+, C2H4+ and C2H3+ions are produced with high kinetic energies from the dissociation of the doubly-charged molecule-ion, according as the high kinetic enegy of the CH3+ ion is produced.
The Rheological Properties of Concentrated Suspensions. IV. The Viscoelastic Properties of Concentrated Dispersions in Molten Polymers
Authors: Takano Masaharu , Kambe Hirotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dynamic viscoelastic properties of molten polyethylene with various fillers have been measured in nitrogen gas at frequencies from 0.01 to 0.75 c. p. s. The dynamic viscosity and dynamic modulus have been measured at the temperatures of 150∼230 °C.
Glass spheres, calcium carbonate powder and barium sulfate powder have been used as fillers. The average diameter of the particles covers the range of 0.04∼91 μ. The polyethylene used was one of a low density, “ Sumikathene F-70-6,” whose number average molecular weight is 28000.
The dynamic viscosity and modulus of molten polyethylene are increased by the addition of fillers. The viscoelastic properties at low frequencies depend differently on the concentration in each suspension. In suspensions of glass spheres of the larger particle sizes (particle diameter : 24.0, 32.3, 49.5 and 91.1 μ), the concentration dependence of the dynamic viscosity, η′, follows a generalized Robinson’s formula :
ln(η′⁄η′0)=Kφ⁄(1−S′φ)
where η′0 is the dynamic viscosity of polyethylene ; φ, the volume fraction of the suspended particles, and K and S′, 2.5 and 1/0.74 respectively, regardless of the particle size. In suspensions of calcium carbonate of the intermediate particle size (particle diameter : 2.4 μ), the dependence of the dynamic viscosity on the concentration and on the amplitude of oscillation is observed more remarkably than that in suspensions of glass spheres. In suspensions of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate of the smaller particle sizes (particle diameter: 0.04, 0.08 and 0.27 μ), the dynamic viscosity and modulus increase appreciably above a critical concentration of the filler, a point which depends on the particle size. Beyond this critical concentration, the particles seemed to be linked with each other by single polymer molecules.
The dynamic viscosity and modulus at lower frequencies increase remarkably as the mean distance between the surfaces of particles becomes less than the molecular dimension of the polymer. In suspensions of the larger particles of glass spheres, this critical concentration can not be observed up to the highest concentration.
The temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity at lower frequencies approximately agrees with that of unfilled polymers.
The dependence of dynamic properties on the time and on the amplitude of oscillations is observed in suspensions of calcium carbonate and in those of barium sulfate of comparatively small particles. In the barium sulfate suspensions of the finest particles, the dynamic viscosity and modulus increase with time under periodic strains and decrease with the increase in the amplitude of oscillations. The amplitude dependence of the dynamic modulus is more remarkable than that of the dynamic viscosity generally. In such thixotropic suspensions, the dynamic properties were measured with as small a strain as possible.
Determination of Lead and Thallium(I) in Presence of Each Other by Amperometric Titrations
Authors: Jain D S , Gaur J N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method has been described in which thallium(I) can be determined in presence of lead and vice versa. Thallium is determined amperometrically in presence of lead at pH 11.5 and is titrated with potassium chromate, while lead is determined in presence of thallium by titrating with potassium ferrocyanide. It is possible to determine small amounts of lead in large quantities of thallium and vice versa.
Mean-Square Amplitudes and Force Constants of Tetrahedral Molecules. II. Silicon Tetrachloride
Authors: Morino Yonezo , Murata Yoshitada 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The atomic distances and the mean-square amplitudes of silicon tetrachloride have been determined by the sector-microphotometer method. The possible sources of experimental errors have been thoroughly examined. The quadratic force constants of the potential function have been determined by the use of the mean-square amplitudes thus obtained, by combining them with the vibrational frequencies obtained from the Raman spectrum in the gaseous state. It has been shown that the errors of the force constants originate from those of the mean-square amplitudes by the same order of magnitude as from those of the frequencies.
1-Hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazoles as Analytical Reagents. I. 4-Nitro-1-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole as a Specific Reagent for Silver
Authors: Sharma H L , Mukerji S K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Nitro-1-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole (R) has been used as a reagent for the gravimetric estimation of silver. The precipitation of the metal by this reagent is complete between pH 2.8–4.3, and after drying at 120°C the composition of the precipitate corresponds to the formula AgC6H3O3N4. The presence of other metal ions does not interfere in the estimation. For complete precipitation of the metal, double the stoichiometrically required amount of R was used and it was found that variation of the interval between the precipitation and filteration does not effect the result. The solubility of R is 0.2134 g./100 g. of water at 30°C.
The Cationic Copolymerization of Styrene and α-Methylstyrene in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Iino Masashi , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The copolymerizations of styrene and α-methylstyrene in liquid sulfur dioxide have been carried out at −40°C using boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst, and the results compared with the same copolymerizations in methylene dichloride at −20°C. The r1 and r2values have been estimated by NMR spectrometry as 0–0.1 and over 20 in liquid sulfur dioxide, and 0.2–0.3 and 12±2 in methylene chloride. The styrene unit sandwiched between two α-methylstyrene units has been calculated by a comparison of the phenyl doublet with phenyl singlet absorptions. The (S) per cent (S is the sandwiched styrene sequence, M–St–M, in the copolymer, where St is the styrene unit and M is the α-methylstyrene unit) has been estimated. In liquid sulfur dioxide, S is approximately zero. This fact agrees well with the large r2 value. The reason for such a non-alternative nature of the copolymerization in liquid sulfur dioxide had also been discussed.
A Note on the Stereospecific Formation of α-Aminoalcohols
Authors: Ichihara Akitami , Maekawa Haruki , Kanda Reiko , Shirahama Haruhisa , Matsumoto Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of the compound which was erroneously proposed for muscarin by Kögl in 1931 has been described.
The Oxidation of Iodide to Iodite and the Reduction of Iodate to Iodite in Iodine Solutions of Permanganate and Some of the Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Gupta Yugul Kishore , Bhargava Anand Prakash 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Permanganate oxidises small amounts of iodide to iodite in the presence of malonic, citric or malic acid. The colourless reaction mixtures always have an oxidising capacity equivalent to four times the concentration of the iodide originally taken. In mixtures of permanganate and one of these acids, iodate is reduced to its 2/3 oxidising capacity, showing the formation of iodite. A mechanism for this has been suggested. Iodine is the product in the first stage of the oxidation of iodide, which is further oxidised to iodite or iodate or which may react with the oxidation products of the organic acids. Citric acid probably gives a number of such iodinated products, one of which is solid.
A Synthesis of Oxytocin
Authors: Sakakibara Shumpei , Nobuhara Yoshibumi , Shimonishi Yasutsugu , Kiyoi Reiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Carbobenzoxy-S-methoxybenzyl-l-cysteinyl-l-tyrosyl-l-isoleucyl-l-glutaminyl-l-asparagin-yl-S-p-methoxybenzyl-l-cysteinyl-l-prolyl-l-leucylglycinamide (IX) was synthesized by the step-wise elongation method, and highly potent oxytocin was obtained from IX by treatment not only with sodium in liquid ammonia, but also with boiling trifluoroacetic acid, followed by the usual aeration procedure. It was demonstrated during the reactions that the newly introduced S-p-methoxybenzyl group could be cleaved more easily than the usual S-benzyl group, and that the new S-protecting group was useful in the preparation of complicated cysteinyl peptides.
Concerning the Structure of Trimethyltin Fluoride
Authors: Yasuda Kiyoshi , Kawasaki Yoshikane , Kasai Nobutami , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure and the nature of the bonds in trimethyltin fluoride are discussed on the basis of the infrared and the Raman spectra with reference to the results of the X-ray diffraction study by Clark et al. and a few additional X-ray data obtained on the fluoride and related trimethyltin compounds. The most reasonable structure is one in which the planar trimethyltin group is bridged by the fluorine atom forming a non-linear unsymmetrical Sn-F…Sn bond. The distorted bipyramidal configuration around the tin atom can be explained in terms of involvement of the d-orbitals of the tin atom in the bonding.
The Preparations and the Electronic Spectra of Sexa-co-ordinate Molybdenum(III) Complexes
Authors: Komorita Takashi , Miki Seiko , Yamada Shoichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several sexa-co-ordinate molybdenum(III) compounds containing some of chloride ions, bromide ions, urea, thiourea N,N-dimethylformamide and pyridine as ligands have been prepared, and their electronic absorption spectra determined.
It has been shown that the spectrum of the sexa-co-ordinate molybdenum(III) compound generally has two spin-forbidden and two spin allowed bands. The ligand field parameters of octahedral molybdenum(III) complexes have been calculated and compared with those of the corresponding chromium(III) complexes.
The Oligomerization of Butadiene with an Iron Complex Catalyst
Authors: Hidai Masanobu , Uchida Yasuzo , Misono Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oligomerization of butadiene with the catalyst system of iron(III) acetylacetonate and triethylaluminum has been studied. The products obtained by the use of this catalyst consist of two types, one of which is dimers and trimers, and the other is polybutadiene, with an average polymerization degree of seven. The dimers are 3-methylhepta-1, 4, 6-triene and cycloocta-1, 5-diene. The trimers have been confirmed to be n-dodeca-1, 3, 6, 10-tetraene and a branched isomer.
The effects of the ratio of the catalyst components to the concentration of the catalyst have been also studied.
From these results, it has been concluded that oligomerization proceeds by a mechanism different from that of polymerization.
To elucidate a transition state for oligomerization, the visible light spectra and the magnetic susceptibility of the reaction solution have been measured and a complex in which butadiene coordinates to reduced iron atom has been assumed as the transition state.
The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Some 4,6-Disubstituted o-Cresols
Authors: Kondo Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of seven 4,6-disubstituted o-cresols (4,6-dinitro-, 4-nitro-6-bromo-, 4,6-dichloro-, 4,6-dibromo-, 4,6-diiodo-, 4,6-dimethyl-, and α, 4,6-tribromo-o-cresol) have been examined in dilute deuterochloroform solutions at 60 Mc./sec.
The observed chemical shifts of the ring protons 3 and 5 of 4,6-disubstituted o-cresols are in good agreement with the values calculated from the shielding parameters of substituents by assuming the additivity rule.
The spin-spin coupling constant between two ring protons is proportional to the sum of the electronegativities of the substituents 4 and 6.
There are weak long-range couplings between the methyl and ring protons. It has been suggested that hyperconjugation contributes to thesee couplings.
Studies on Amino-hexoses. VIII. The Fischer Synthesis of Methyl d-Glucosaminides
Authors: Matsushima Yoshio , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The direct synthesis of methyl d-glucosaminides by proton catalysis using a strong cation exchanger has been investigated. The formation of the two anomeric pyranosides has been proved unambiguously. Also, the two anomeric furanosides, which have been obtained in an unsatisfactory purity, have been inferred, according to their physical constants, to have formed in the glycosidation reaction.
The Electrolytic Formation and Dissolution of the Oxide Layer on Rhodium in an Acid Solution
Authors: Shibata Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Surface oxides on the smooth rhodium electrode have been characterized by anodic oxidation and by cathodic stripping with a constant current under various conditions.
The oxidation reaction of the surface should consist of three stages with a characteristic potential region; the adsorption of OH, the formation of an oxide, Rh–O, and, finally, the formation of a higher oxide, Rh2O3. The oxide thus formed is cathodically reduced step-by-step in two different potential regions. These mechanisms are supported by the experimental data of the charging curves taken under various conditions, the corrosion by the square-wave alternating-current electrolysis, and the variation in the electrode capacity during the electrolysis.
The Reaction of Dimethyltin Dichloride with Carboxylic Acids and Phenols in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: O’hara Mitsuaki , Okawara Rokuro , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of dimethyltin dichloride with carboxylic acids and phenols in aqueous solution have been described, and ten new compounds reported. In many cases tetramethyl-1,3-di(substituted)distannoxanes are formed in good yields by adding such deprotonating reagents as concentrated aqueous ammonia. In other cases, simple dimethyltin derivatives can be obtained without deprotonating reagents.
The Absorption Spectra of Naphthalene Sulfonic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Tanizaki Yoshié , Inoué Hiroyasu , Ando Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The absorption spectra of some naphthalene sulfonic acid derivatives have been determined in various pH solutions.
2) The remarkable spectral change revealed by the variation in pH value can be interpreted in terms of the process of the proton association and dissociation of the functional groups.
3) The pH region in which the process takes place is characteristic of the kinds, –NH2, –OH, and the number of the functional groups and their locations on the naphthalene skeleton.
4) The relative pH regions have been explained in outline by taking into account the effects of the sulfonic group, the intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the functional groups, and the resonance of the functional group to the link.
5) The band assignment concerning the transition direction of the derivatives has been decided; the first and the second band correspond, respectively, to the 1La and 1Bb of naphthalene.
6) The order of the magnitude of the substitution effect has been clarified as –NH3+&lt; –OH&lt;–NH2&lt;–O−.
Studies of the Stability of Cobalt Ferrocyanide Sol in Ultrasonic Field. The Ultrasonic Dispersion of Cobalt Ferrocyanide
Authors: Prakash Satya , Prakash Om , Prakash Sheo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A negatively-charged cobalt ferrocyanide sol has been prepared ultrasonically subjecting the washed precipitate of cobalt ferrocyanide and distilled water to ultrasonic waves. The amount of dispersion increases with the time of exposure. The sol is rendered more stable in an ultrasonic field in the presence as well as in the absence of oxygen. The enhanced stability has been attributed to the increase in hydroxyl ions in the medium as a result of the hydrolysis of cobalt ferrocyanide sol. The stability, pH and specific conductivity values are very little affected in the presence of methanol, ethanol and acetone. The inhibition is due to the suppression of cavitation and to a lesser energy release on the collapse of cavitational bubbles.
The Anomalous Behavior of Some 2,6-Disubstituted Iodobenzenes in the Jacobsen Reaction
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Maruyama Kazuhiro , Goto Ryozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some 2,6-disubstituted iodobenzenes undergo an anomalous Jacobsen reaction and so afford none of the expected vicinal, but only symmetrical diiodo products. This anomaly has been investigated using 2-iodo-m-xylene as the reagent. The reaction has been found to proceed mainly through the rapid isomerization of 2-iodo-m-xylene to the 4-iodo isomer, followed by the normal disproportionation to 4,6-diiodo-m-xylene. A possible mechanism has also been proposed on the basis of the results obtained.
Solvent Extraction Studies of Tellurium(IV) with Dithizone
Authors: Mabuchi Hisao , Okada Isao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tellurium(IV) can be extracted into organic layers with dithizone. The analysis of the experimental results suggests, as the main process of extraction:
Te(OH)3+ (or TeOOH+) (aq.)+2H2Dz (org.)
=Te(OH)2(HDz)2 (or TeO(HDz)2) (org.)
+H+(aq.)+xH2O (aq.)
The spectrophotometric measurements show that tellurium dithizonate in carbon tetrachloride has an absorption maximum at 427 mμ, where the molar extinction coefficient is 4.10×104 m−1cm−1.
Oxidation of Alcohols with t-Butyl Chromate. III. The Oxidation of Alicyclic Alcohols
Authors: Suga Takayuki , Matsuura Tamon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The t-butyl chromate oxidation of myrtenol gave no ester, but it did give the corresponding aldehyde as the main product, while the oxidation of cyclohexylcarbinol gave a mixture of the corresponding aldehyde, acid and ester in comparable yields.
2) A similar oxidation of cyclohexanol afforded the corresponding ketone in a high yield, while the oxidation of cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diol produced no corresponding diketone, but it did produce the glycol fission product and a cyclic ester such as trans-1,2-adipoxycyclohexane (a new compound). On the other hand, p-menthane-trans-3,4-diol yielded only the corresponding hydroxyketone in a good yield.
The Reaction of 3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl Chloride with Weak Bases (The Question of the “Quinoid Sulfene” Intermediate)
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Kiritani Reiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of the “quinoid sulfene” intermediate, II, during the reaction between 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonyl chloride and a weak base has been investigated by following the ultraviolet spectra of the reaction mixture. It has been suggested that the colorless precipitate formed as the final product of the reaction is an oligomer and has structure V.
The Isocyanurates. I. A Novel Method of Synthesizing Trialkyl Isocyanurates
Authors: Fukui Kenichi , Tanimoto Fumio , Kitano Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactions of alkyl halides with potassium cyanate have been carried out in several aprotic solvents. Dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide have been proved to play a superior role as aprotic solvents in the displacement reaction and also in the subsequent trimerization of the isocyanates. Several trialkyl isocyanurates have been obtained in yields better than those of the other known methods.
From 2-alkoxyethyl halides and 2-vinyloxyethyl chloride respectively, tris-(2-alkoxyethyl) isocyanurates and tris-(2-vinyloxyethyl) isocyanurate have been synthesized.
The presence of water in the reaction mixture results in the formation of 1,3-dialkyl ureas, consequently decreasing the yield of isocyanurates.
A Study of Concentrated Solutions of Mixed Electrolytes. Ultrasonic Velocities and Viscosities of Mixtures of Aqueous Solutions of Potassium and Sodium Chlorides at High Concentrations
Authors: Kuppusami J , Lakshmanan A S , Lakshminarayanan R , Rajaram N , Suryanarayana C V 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical conductance of mixtures of aqueous solutions of potassium and sodium chlorides has been studied by previous workers. However, no valid explanation has been given for the conductance behaviour of the mixtures.
We have reported herein the results of our ultrasonic of the viscometric studies of mixtures. Even now the hydration numbers and the viscosity variation are inadequate to explain the conductance behaviour of the mixtures. We have observed that all the mixtures follow the exponential relation, η=AeBμ, where A and B are constants; η the viscosity of the mixture, and μ, the ionic stregth.
Studies of Thermosetting Resin. I. The Infrared Analysis of Cured Epoxy Resins
Authors: Sugita Tadao , Ito Mitsuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To pulverize the cured hard resins for the infrared KBr technique, the method using a file is very simple and convenient.
From the infrared spectra of the powder of cured epoxy resins using the KBr-pellet technique, the curing agent used can be readily identified by type whether it is an amine or an acid-anhydride type by the absence or presence of the carbonyl absorption band.
Furthermore, in the case of the acid anhydride-cured epoxy resins, the acid anhydride used as the curing agent can be identified by type from the spectra of the resin pyrolyzate. Namely, PA, THPA, EMTHPA, HET, and DDSA may be identified immediately from the spectra of pyrolyzates between room temperature and 300°C, and HHPA, from the spectrum of the pyrolyzate between 300 and 350°C. The results of these experiments are summarized in Table II.
PMDA used as a curing agent can not be so straightforwardly identified as in the other cases, but even this may be identified by a comparison of the spectra of the pyrolyzates of PMDA-cured resin with those of the pyrolyzates of each resin.
Studies of the Organic Reaction of Metal Carbonyl. VII. The Acceleration Effect of the Addition of Inorganic Compounds on the Reaction of Olefin Oxide with Cobalt Hydrocarbonyl
Authors: Takegami Yoshinobu , Yokokawa Chikao , Watanabe Yoshihisa , Masada Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of olefin oxide with cobalt hydrocarbonyl in the presence of inorganic (and organic) additives has been investigated.
1) The addition of relatively small amounts of various compounds of copper and silver promote the carbonylation of propylene oxide. The order of the promoting effect of these compounds is Cu2O, 70&gt;CuO, 6O&gt;(AlCl3, 30) &gt;Ag2O, 27&gt;CuCl2, CuCl and Cul, 20&gt;CuCN, 15&gt;AgCl, 9&gt;Cu powder, 4&gt;None, 1 (the numbers indicating the relative rates of the gas absorption at the early stage of the reaction). Among these, cuprous oxide has the largest effect. The amount of cuprous oxide necessary for this effect is only about 0.005 mol./mol. HCo(CO)4. β-Hydroxy-/n-butyrate has been the main reaction product obtained. On the other hand, chlorides of zinc, nickel, ferric, potassium, magnesium, palladium and titanium have no promoting effect on the reaction.
2) The combination of cuprous halide (and oxide) with various organic additives, which also have a promoting effect, has a synergistic effect on the reaction of propylene oxide.
3) The reaction of epichlorohydrin is also promoted by the addition of cuprous oxide. However, in this case cuprous oxide combined with ethyl alcohol has a retardation effect.