bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy, structure and petroleum potential of the Lady Franklin and Maniitsoq Basins, offshore southern West Greenland
Authors: Sørensen Aage Bach 
Published: October 2008

The Lady Franklin Basin, which contains a thick succession of Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments, constitutes the western part of the southern West Greenland offshore area. In the Davis Strait and Labrador Sea region rifting was initiated in the earliest Cretaceous and a number of basins formed. In time these basins deepened, although subsidence was interrupted by two main phases of uplift and erosion that took place in middle and late Cretaceous time, resulting in two hiatuses in the succession. Sediments with source or reservoir potential were deposited in the basins. Source rocks are known to occur in the marine Cretaceous successions of onshore northern Canada and central West Greenland and also offshore eastern Canada, and can therefore be expected to occur in the Lady Franklin and Maniitsoq basins.
In the Lady Franklin area Paleocene volcanism associated with further tectonism caused the eruption of flood basalts and hyaloclastites on top of the Cretaceous mudstone and sandstone succession. A Lower Palaeogene sediment succession, which may contain both source and reservoir rocks, was then deposited on top of the basalts, as seen in the nearby Canadian Hekja O-71 well. Around the Ypresian to Lutetian transition a regression took place. The regression gave rise to an unconformity and a hiatus spanning a few million years throughout the entire West Greenland shelf. New deposition followed and, after a long period, major compression set in and a regression occurred across the whole shelf in Late Oligocene time. Erosion set in and was deep on the southern shelf, resulting in a hiatus spanning about 39 Ma. To the north the hiatus is only about 19 Ma.
In early Middle Miocene time the tectonic regime in the Davis Strait area changed. Subsidence and deposition resumed offshore West Greenland. These events may have created conditions for generation of hydrocarbons in the potential source-rock sequences in the Cretaceous succession. Therefore, although hydrocarbon exploration has been limited in this region and had little success, it is thought that conditions are favourable for the discovery of significant oil and gas accumulations.
Contribution of research borehole data to modelling fine-grained turbidite reservoir analogues, Permian Tanqua–Karoo basin-floor fans (South Africa)
Authors: Luthi Stefan M. , Hodgson David M. , Geel Cees R. , Flint Stephen S. , Goedbloed Jan Willem , Drinkwater Nicholas J. , Johannessen Erik P. 
Published: October 2008

Outcrop analogue studies can be augmented and constrained by drilling research wells through the same stratigraphic interval. Close-to-outcrop wells help to validate outcrop observations with well log and core data and thus improve the use of such data in actual field developments. Research wells located further away from the outcrops increase the spatial data coverage and can give important insight into regional facies distributions and net:gross changes.
In the Tanqua–Karoo Basin (South Africa), seven wells were drilled into fine-grained sand-rich basin-floor fans and interfan mudstones to supplement outcrop data. Three close-to-outcrop wells proved useful in establishing characteristic log responses of the main architectural elements identified from the nearby outcrops. Lithofacies were correctly identified in more than 80% of cases using an artificial neural network. Borehole images provided detailed information on sedimentary structures, including a wealth of palaeocurrent data from climbing ripples that significantly enhanced the interpretations based only on outcrops. Wells sited away from the outcrops supplied information on lateral thickness and facies trends and intrafan stacking patterns, which helped to define the stratigraphic evolution of the fans. The combined data indicate that deposition was controlled in part by subtle basin-floor topography, and that intrafan lobe switching took place, leading to internal subdivisions that potentially caused effective compartmentalization of the basin-floor fan.
Petroleum generation and migration in the ‘Tight Gas’ area of the German Rotliegend natural gas play: a basin modelling study
Authors: Schwarzer D. , Littke R. 
Published: October 2008

The Northwest German Basin is an important hydrocarbon province with considerable reserves of natural gas accumulated at its centre. To unravel the thermal and maturation history of the Carboniferous source rocks, particularly gas generation and migration, a combined petrological–geochemical and numerical basin modelling study was performed. Generally two main phases of maturation can be assigned to the Triassic–Late Jurassic and latest Cretaceous–Present intervals. Maturity data reflect the latter event and are consistent with a variable heat flow of 60–63 mW m
−2
during Cretaceous–Tertiary burial which accounts for considerable late gas generation. Vitrinite reflectance data and maturity modelling show the Top pre-Permian strata in the northern part of the basin to be in the gas window at present, with a rather uniform maturity of VR
r
= 1.5% to 2.0% (at 4600–5100 m). However, the important top coal marker is at different depth levels and reveals a more complex coalification pattern, suggesting a strong structural control on maturation of source rocks. This effect is influenced locally by the high thermal conductivity of large salt bodies in the overburden. A significant delay in gas generation from source rocks at elevated horst blocks can be observed. The generation and migration of pre-Westphalian gas started during Late Carboniferous times, when much of the gas was lost from the basin due to ineffective seals. With ongoing burial, gas migration from Westphalian source rocks started in Early Triassic times within Permian graben areas, but was actually delayed until the Late Cretaceous at highly elevated horst blocks. The gas from early migration phases was replaced almost entirely by successively younger Westphalian gas.
Architecture of Lower Oligocene source rocks in the Alpine Foreland Basin: a model for syn- and post-depositional source-rock features in the Paratethyan realm
Authors: Sachsenhofer R. F. , Schulz H.-M. 
Published: October 2008

Oligocene rocks are one of the most important sources of hydrocarbons within the Paratethyan realm. In the Alpine Foreland Basin (Central Paratethys) the main Oligocene source rock is the Schöneck Formation, but organic-rich rocks occur in the entire Lower Oligocene succession. Based on well-log calibration by core data, the spatial distribution and thickness variations of different Lower Oligocene source-rock facies are investigated. The deeper-water sediments are characterized by lateral continuity, but exhibit vertical variability. The latter reflects major palaeoceanographic changes in the Central Paratethys, such as the closure of seaways, basin-wide changes in salinity and in redox conditions. The upper shaly part of the Schöneck Formation has the highest source potential (>5% TOC, initial HI: 500–600 mgHC g
−1
TOC) and reaches its maximum thickness (
c
. 5 m) in a narrow belt parallel to the palaeo-shoreline.

The present-day distribution of Lower Oligocene rocks is controlled by submarine erosion which affected the northern passive slope of the foreland basin. Erosion climaxed during the late Early Oligocene. The eroded material was re-deposited along the lower basin slope (Oberhofen facies). The source-rock potential of the re-deposited sediments is relatively low. The oil kitchen (4–7 km burial depth) is located beneath the Alpine nappes where the Lower Oligocene succession was removed locally by the advancing nappes. Both submarine erosion at the northern basin slope and tectonic erosion beneath the Alps have to be considered in the evaluation of the prospectivity of the basin.
Because deposition of the Lower Oligocene succession in the Alpine Foreland Basin is controlled by basin-wide processes, it may serve as a model for source- rock deposition in foreland basins of the Paratethyan realm (e.g. Carpathians, Terek–Caspian Foredeep).
A drilling mud additive influencing the geochemical interpretations of hydrocarbon shows
Authors: Ohm S. E. , Karlsen D. A. , Backer-Owe K. , Pedersen J. H. , Beeley H. S. 
Published: October 2008

Oil-based mud additives are used frequently during drilling for various purposes. The chemical compositions of these may interfere/overprint the chemical composition of hydrocarbon shows in the well and thereby complicate geochemical interpretations. This is likely to be an increasing problem as hydrocarbon findings become more subtle. It is important that the geochemist compiles a list of all additives used during drilling and obtains a sample of the pre-drill oil-based mud additives used. In the case of detailed geochemical analyses to be carried out post-drilling, it is then possible to check the influence/contamination of the additives on the hydrocarbons found.
The chemical composition of a frequently used oil-based mud additive is demonstrated to have overprinted the hopane signature of an oil-slick sample in well 35/1-1, northern North Sea. This could easily have resulted in erroneous interpretations regarding age and depositional environment of the source rock of the oil. However, the steranes used for interpretation of facies are shown to be unaffected by the mud additive. A study of shows from well 35/1-1 suggested the source of these to be an atypical developed Upper Jurassic source rock, despite the hopane signature suggesting a carbonaceous Permian source. The main argument was that a Permian source would imply higher maturities than observed. The present study reveals that the hopanes in the shows are contaminated completely by the mud additive used during drilling and, hence, a Permian source is ruled out successfully.
This paper demonstrates that if one biomarker group from the mud additive overprints that of the indigenous oil show this does not preclude other biomarker groups from truly representing the oil show.
Cretaceous tectonostratigraphy and the development of the Cauvery Basin, southeast India
Authors: Watkinson Matthew P. , Hart Malcolm B. , Joshi Archana 
Published: October 2008

The late Jurassic to early Cretaceous rifting between India/Australia and India/Antarctica resulted in the formation of a number of NE–SW-trending basins in the Indian Precambrian crystalline basement. The Cauvery Basin is the southernmost basin along the eastern margin of the Indian Sub-Continent, covering much of this part of India and extending a considerable distance offshore. The basin comprises several ‘depressions’, or sub-basins, with the Ariyalur–Pondicherry Depression in the north. The exposed successions are in the southern part of this sub-basin.The result of fieldwork (1994–8) has been a reassessment of the lithostratigraphy and the tectonostratigraphic history of the Ariyalur outcrop. Three major sedimentary groups were identified: the syn-rift Gondwana Group (of early Cretaceous age), the syn-rift Uttatur Group (of Albian to Coniacian age) and the post-rift Ariyalur Group (of Santonian to Maastrichtian age). Both microfaunal and macrofaunal information were used to develop a biostratigraphic framework for the basin and a new tectonostratigraphic model. This new model for the development of the basin is significantly different to that used by the Oil and Natural Gas Commission of India. Structures exposed onshore, which have been interpreted as Albian reefs, are interpreted here as irregularly shaped limestone olistoliths/olistostromes produced by intra-Cretaceous rifting and slumping within the basin. The paper discusses this model for the basin history which is calibrated by updated foraminiferal (and macrofossil) biostratigraphy.
Assessing the effect of geological uncertainty on recovery estimates in shallow-marine reservoirs: the application of reservoir engineering to the SAIGUP project
Authors: Matthews John D. , Carter Jonathan N. , Stephen Karl D. , Zimmerman Robert W. , Skorstad Arne , Manzocchi Tom , Howell John A. 
Published: October 2008

Reservoir management is a balancing act between making timely operational decisions and the need to obtain data on which such decisions can be made. There is a further problem: estimates of recovery for prospective development plans are subject to uncertainty because of the uncertainty of the geological description within the simulation model.
The SAIGUP project was designed to analyse the sensitivity of estimates of recovery due to geological uncertainty in a suite of shallow-marine reservoir models. However, although it was generic, it had the hallmarks of active reservoir management, because those members of the team responsible for deriving the notional development plans for individual models via reservoir simulation, and computing the recoveries, had to work in parallel with others under time and budget constraints.
This paper describes the way the reservoir engineering was carried out to achieve these objectives, the assumptions made, the reasoning behind them, and how the principles could be used in other studies. Sample results are also presented, although the bulk of the results are presented in other papers in the project series. One surprising result was that faults that impede flow can improve recovery. The underlying physical explanation for this behaviour is provided.
Maximum Likelihood Deconvolution for sequence analysis and improved structural resolution in the Vindhyan Basin, India
Authors: Chatterjee S. M. , Dutta Somaditya 
Published: October 2008

Exploration in the Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin in the north-central part of India has received much attention because a number of basins coeval to it (Amadeus and McArthur basins, Australia and Lena–Tunguska petroleum province, Siberia) are known hydrocarbon producers. The assemblage of interbedded clastics and carbonates in the thick Vindhyan sedimentary column is considered to be favourable for a petroleum system. This is supported by discovery of oil and gas in Vindhyan sediments.
Wavelet processing and application of Maximum Likelihood Deconvolution (MLD) to post-stack seismic data have enhanced resolution significantly to facilitate identification of various stratigraphic features, including reflection pattern termination in the Jabera–Damoh area in the southeastern part of the basin. Sixteen seismic sequences correlatable with well data have been identified from the wavelet-processed data. MLD has also improved structural resolution and made identification of faults easier. This paper shows that MLD is a powerful tool for seismic sequence stratigraphy.
Improved hydrocarbon charge prediction by source-rock modelling
Authors: Tømmerås Are , Mann Ute 
Published: October 2008

Predictions of initial source-rock distribution, thickness and quality are key input parameters to quantitative basin models. This article describes a workflow where process-based modelling of deposition and preservation of organic matter at basin scale is performed to provide the input to modelling of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks. As the vertical resolution of the depositional- and source-rock models is significantly higher than for conventional basin models, a means of upscaling the source-rock properties is needed when providing these as input to hydrocarbon generation modelling.
To illustrate the modelling workflow, an example from the Triassic Kobbe Formation of the Norwegian Barents Sea was used. Two alternative source-rock models for the Kobbe Formation were constructed and discussed. During the modelling process preservation conditions were fine-tuned to better match local well data within the Nordkapp Basin. The second model provided a better calibration both for the source-rock model to the well data and for the secondary migration model to known hydrocarbon accumulations of the Nordkapp Basin.
Describing shapes by geometrical-topological properties of real functions
Authors: Biasotti S. , De Floriani L. , Falcidieno B. , Frosini P. , Giorgi D. , Landi C. , Papaleo L. , Spagnuolo M. 
Published: October 2008

Differential topology, and specifically Morse theory, provide a suitable setting for formalizing and solving several problems related to shape analysis. The fundamental idea behind Morse theory is that of combining the topological exploration of a shape with quantitative measurement of geometrical properties provided by a real function defined on the shape. The added value of approaches based on Morse theory is in the possibility of adopting different functions as shape descriptors according to the properties and invariants that one wishes to analyze. In this sense, Morse theory allows one to construct ageneral frameworkfor shape characterization, parametrized with respect to the mapping function used, and possibly the space associated with the shape. The mapping function plays the role of alensthrough which we look at the properties of the shape, and different functions provide different insights.In the last decade, an increasing number of methods that are rooted in Morse theory and make use of properties of real-valued functions for describing shapes have been proposed in the literature. The methods proposed range from approaches which use the configuration of contours for encoding topographic surfaces to more recent work on size theory and persistent homology. All these have been developed over the years with a specific target domain and it is not trivial to systematize this work and understand the links, similarities, and differences among the different methods. Moreover, different terms have been used to denote the same mathematical constructs, which often overwhelm the understanding of the underlying common framework.The aim of this survey is to provide a clear vision of what has been developed so far, focusing on methods that make use of theoretical frameworks that are developed forclassesof real functions rather than for a single function, even if they are applied in a restricted manner. The termgeometrical-topologicalused in the title is meant to underline that both levels of information content are relevant for the applications of shape descriptions: geometrical, or metrical, properties and attributes are crucial for characterizing specific instances of features, while topological properties are necessary to abstract and classify shapes according to invariant aspects of their geometry. The approaches surveyed will be discussed in detail, with respect to theory, computation, and application. Several properties of the shape descriptors will be analyzed and compared. We believe this is a crucial step to exploit fully the potential of such approaches in many applications, as well as to identify important areas of future research.
Investigating the Time Course of Spoken Word Recognition: Electrophysiological Evidence for the Influences of Phonological Similarity
Authors: Desroches Amy S. , Newman Randy Lynn , Joanisse Marc F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBehavioral and modeling evidence suggests that words compete for recognition during auditory word identification, and that phonological similarity is a driving factor in this competition. The present study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the temporal dynamics of different types of phonological competition (i.e., cohort and rhyme). ERPs were recorded during a novel picture–word matching task, where a target picture was followed by an auditory word that either matched the target (CONE–cone), or mismatched in one of three ways: rhyme (CONE–bone), cohort (CONE–comb), and unrelated (CONE–fox). Rhymes and cohorts differentially modulated two distinct ERP components, the phonological mismatch negativity and the N400, revealing the influences of prelexical and lexical processing components in speech recognition. Cohort mismatches resulted in late increased negativity in the N400, reflecting disambiguation of the later point of miscue and the combined influences of top–down expectations and misleading bottom–up phonological information on processing. In contrast, we observed a reduction in the N400 for rhyme mismatches, reflecting lexical activation of rhyme competitors. Moreover, the observed rhyme effects suggest that there is an interaction between phoneme-level and lexical-level information in the recognition of spoken words. The results support the theory that both levels of information are engaged in parallel during auditory word recognition in a way that permits both bottom–up and top–down competition effects.
Neural Discrimination of Nonprototypical Chords in Music Experts and Laymen: An MEG Study
Authors: Brattico Elvira , Pallesen Karen Johanne , Varyagina Olga , Bailey Christopher , Anourova Irina , Järvenpää Miika , Eerola Tuomas , Tervaniemi Mari 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
At the level of the auditory cortex, musicians discriminate pitch changes more accurately than nonmusicians. However, it is not agreed upon how sound familiarity and musical expertise interact in the formation of pitch-change discrimination skills, that is, whether musicians possess musical pitch discrimination abilities that are generally more accurate than in nonmusicians or, alternatively, whether they may be distinguished from nonmusicians particularly with respect to the discrimination of nonprototypical sounds that do not play a reference role in Western tonal music. To resolve this, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure the change-related magnetic mismatch response (MMNm) in musicians and nonmusicians to two nonprototypical chords, a “dissonant” chord containing a highly unpleasant interval and a “mistuned” chord including a mistuned pitch, and a minor chord, all inserted in a context of major chords. Major and minor are the most frequently used chords in Western tonal music which both musicians and nonmusicians are most familiar with, whereas the other chords are more rarely encountered in tonal music. The MMNm was stronger in musicians than in nonmusicians in response to the dissonant and mistuned chords, whereas no group difference was found in the MMNm strength to minor chords. Correspondingly, the length of musical training correlated with the MMNm strength for the dissonant and mistuned chords only. Our findings provide evidence for superior automatic discrimination of nonprototypical chords in musicians. Most likely, this results from a highly sophisticated auditory system in musicians allowing a more efficient discrimination of chords deviating from the conventional categories of tonal music.
The Role of the Parietal Lobe in Visual Extinction Studied with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Battelli Lorella , Alvarez George A. , Carlson Thomas , Pascual-Leone Alvaro 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Interhemispheric competition between homologous areas in the human brain is believed to be involved in a wide variety of human behaviors from motor activity to visual perception and particularly attention. For example, patients with lesions in the posterior parietal cortex are unable to selectively track objects in the contralesional side of visual space when targets are simultaneously present in the ipsilesional visual field, a form of visual extinction. Visual extinction may arise due to an imbalance in the normal interhemispheric competition. To directly assess the issue of reciprocal inhibition, we used fMRI to localize those brain regions active during attention-based visual tracking and then applied low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over identified areas in the left and right intraparietal sulcus to asses the behavioral effects on visual tracking. We induced a severe impairment in visual tracking that was selective for conditions of simultaneous tracking in both visual fields. Our data show that the parietal lobe is essential for visual tracking and that the two hemispheres compete for attentional resources during tracking. Our results provide a neuronal basis for visual extinction in patients with parietal lobe damage.