bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abtrennung von Kohlendioxid aus Rauchgasen mittels Absorption
Authors: Rolker J. , Arlt W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDer steigende Gehalt an Kohlendioxid in der Umgebungsluft und seine klimatischen Auswirkungen haben zu der Erkenntnis geführt, dass die Emissionen in die Luft reduziert werden müssen. Als Prozess zur CO2‐Wäsche aus konventionellen fossil befeuerten Kraftwerken zur Stromerzeugung hat sich die Absorption durchgesetzt, wenngleich derzeit noch keine Anlage existiert, die den realen Kraftwerksfall (Reinigung des gesamten Rauchgasstroms von Kohle‐ oder Gaskraftwerken) abbildet. Weltweit existieren lediglich wenige Pilotanlagen, die die aus der Sauergasreinigung stammende Chemisorption des CO2 und anderen Schwefelverbindungen in wässrige Aminlösungen im kleinen Maßstab untersuchen. In diesem Beitrag werden die besonderen thermodynamischen und prozesstechnischen Anforderungen an eingesetzte und neue Lösungsmittel erläutert. Die Wahl des Lösungsmittels entscheidet ganz maßgeblich über die energetische und ökonomische Effizienz des Absorptions‐ und des Kraftwerksprozesses. Eine gemeinsame Betrachtung/Optimierung beider Prozesse hat unter sinnvollen Zielgrößen und Randbedingungen zu erfolgen. Dazu werden die bereits verwendeten Lösungsmittel nach den oben genannten Kriterien bewertet und einige Vorschläge aus der Literatur hinsichtlich potenzieller neuer Lösungsmittel vorgestellt. Umweltpolitisch interessant ist, dass eine Entfernung von CO2 zwangsläufig zu weiter gesenkten Emissionswerten von Schwefel‐ und Stickstoffoxiden führt.
Die +2‐Grad‐Gesellschaft: Wieviel Klimaschutz ist noch nötig?
Authors: Zellner R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractKlimawandel ist nicht länger spekulativ, sondern nachweisbar. Es ist auch belegt, dass zumindest ein großer Teil der beobachteten Klimaänderungen auf menschliche Aktivitäten zurückzuführen ist. Mit der Erkenntnis dieses anthropogen verursachten Klimawandels ist naturgemäß auch die Frage nach der Belastungs‐ bzw. Toleranzgrenze des Globus, d. h. welcher Temperaturanstieg gerade noch akzeptabel sei und welcher bereits einer Klimakatastrophe gleich käme, entstanden. Es gibt keine gute und eindeutige Metrik für eine solche Grenze, denn Klima wird zwar global gemacht, aber dennoch lokal/regional wahrgenommen. Dennoch scheint ein Temperaturanstieg um +2° bis 2100 tolerabel und auch nicht unwahrscheinlich. Aber auch dafür muss noch viel getan werden.
Cyclin E expression is correlated with tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in patients with ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Rosen Daniel G. , Yang Gong , Deavers Michael T. , Malpica Anais , Kavanagh John J. , Mills Gordon B. , Liu Jinsong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (cdks), and their inhibitors act in combination to regulate progression through the cell cycle and often are dysregulated in carcinoma. The authors hypothesized that cyclin E plays an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis and that its overexpression may be an indicator of a poor prognosis.METHODSImmunohistochemical analysis of cyclin E expression was performed by image analysis in normal ovaries, cystadenomas, tumors of low malignant potential, and 405 primary ovarian carcinomas by using tissue microarray technology.RESULTSOverexpression of cyclin E was found in 63.2% of the samples and was associated with clear cell, poorly differentiated, and serous carcinoma (P ≤ .001), high‐grade tumors (P ≤ .001), late‐stage disease (P = .002), age older than 60 years at the time of diagnosis (P = .04), and suboptimal cytoreduction (P = .001). A high percentage of cyclin E‐expressing cells was associated with a poor outcome in univariate and in multivariate analyses. In addition, cyclin E levels also reduced survival in the late‐stage disease group and in patients who underwent suboptimal debulking.CONCLUSIONSCyclin E was identified as an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma. The accumulation of cyclin E protein may be a late event in tumorigenesis and may contribute to disease progression in these patients. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
An open‐label, multinational, multicenter study of G17DT vaccination combined with cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil in patients with untreated, advanced gastric or gastroesophageal cancer : The GC4 study
Authors: Ajani Jaffer A. , Randolph Hecht J. , Ho Linus , Baker Jackie , Oortgiesen Marga , Eduljee Arnavaz , Michaeli Dov 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDGastrin hormone is trophic to in vitro gastric cancer, and the antigastrin antibodies (AGAs) are antiproliferative and antimetastatic. Human gastric cancers overexpress gastrin genes and receptors that react to gastrin's trophic effects. Immunogen G17DT elicits a specific and high‐affinity AGA. The authors evaluated G17DT vaccination given with cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil for the treatment gastric adenocarcinoma.METHODSIn this multicenter, Phase II study, patients received G17DT vaccination intramuscularly on Weeks 1, 5, 9 and 25 and cisplatin plus 5‐fluorouracil every 28 days. Eligible patients had untreated, metastatic, or unresectable gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma with near‐normal organ function. The primary endpoint of the study was the over response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), safety, and the impact of successful vaccination on patient outcome.RESULTSIn total, 103 patients were enrolled in 5 countries. Seven patients who were overdosed inadvertently with 5‐fluorouracil (a major protocol violation) were removed from the analysis. The confirmed ORR was 30% in 79 patients who were evaluated for response. The median time‐to‐progression (TTP) was 5.4 months, and the median survival (MS) was 9.0 months (n = 96 patients). Sixty‐five of 94 patients who were vaccinated (69%) had 2 consecutive AGA titers of ≥1 units (successfully vaccinated patients or immune‐responders). The TTP was longer in immune‐responders than in immune‐nonresponders (P = .0005). Similarly, the MS was longer in immune‐responders than in immune‐nonresponders (10.3 months vs. 3.8 months; P ≤.0001). In a multivariate analysis, successful vaccination was an independent OS prognosticator (P = .0001). G17DT did not have an adverse effect on safety.CONCLUSIONSThe results demonstrated that successful G17DT vaccination was correlated with longer TTP and MS. AGA response was an independent OS prognosticator. A Phase III evaluation of G17DT in gastric cancer is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Behavioral and educational limitations after chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia or Wilms tumor
Authors: Buizer Annemieke I. , de Sonneville Leo M. J. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Veerman Anjo J. P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe improved prognosis of childhood cancer makes monitoring of functional outcome important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioral and educational functioning in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or a Wilms tumor. In this study, children with ALL received central nervous system directed chemotherapy without cranial irradiation.METHODSIn a multicenter study, behavioral functioning and school performance was examined in 199 children age 4 to 18. Sixty‐four children were at least 1 year from finishing treatment with chemotherapy for ALL (n = 28) or a Wilms tumor (n = 36). They were compared with siblings (n = 37) and with a control group of healthy schoolchildren (n = 98).RESULTSA moderately increased risk of behavioral and educational problems was found in children with ALL but not in children with Wilms tumor. School performance was poorer in children with ALL attending primary school compared with same‐age peers; however, the rate of utilization of special education services was low. Teacher‐rated behavior and mathematics performance was correlated with attention function in children with ALL. An excess of problem behavior and underperformance at school was found in the ALL high‐risk group compared with the standard‐risk group. No differences were found between siblings and controls.CONCLUSIONEvidence is provided of subtle but significant behavioral and educational problems in survivors of childhood ALL, but no dysfunctions in survivors of a Wilms tumor. Careful follow‐up of children with ALL treated with chemotherapy only is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Effects of weight training on quality of life in recent breast cancer survivors
Authors: Ohira Tetsuya , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Ahmed Rehana L. , Yee Douglas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAerobic exercise training has been shown to have beneficial effects on quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer survivors. However, the effects of weight training on psychological benefits are unknown. We sought to examine the effects of weight training on changes in QOL and depressive symptoms in recent breast cancer survivors.METHODSA convenience sample of 86 survivors (4‐36 months posttreatment) was randomized into treatment and control groups. The primary outcomes were changes in QOL (CARES short form) and depressive symptoms (CES‐D) between baseline and month 6 in this randomized controlled trial.RESULTSOver 6 months the physical global QOL score improved in the treatment group compared with the control group (Standardized Difference = 0.62, P = .006). The psychosocial global score also improved significantly in the treatment group compared with the control group (Standardized Difference = 0.52, P = .02). There were no changes in CES‐D scores. Increases in upper body strength were correlated with improvements in physical global score (r = 0.32; P <.01) and psychosocial global score (r = 0.30; P <.01). Increases in lean mass were also correlated with improvements in physical global score (r = 0.23; P <.05) and psychosocial global score (r = 0.24; P <.05).CONCLUSIONTwice‐weekly weight training for recent breast cancer survivors may result in improved QOL, in part via changes in body composition and strength. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Left versus right nipple preference in free‐ranging infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Jaffe Benjamin D. , Evans Theodore A. , Howell Sue , Westergaard Gregory C. , Snoy Philip J. , Higley J. Dee 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe examination of nonhuman primate (NHP) lateralized behaviors may provide insight into the evolution of hemispheric specialization. This study examined nipple preference in 64 infant macaques in order to consider the ontogeny of lateralized behavior. We used a focal animal sampling method to record nipple contact during 15, 30‐min observation sessions collected across each infant's first year of life. Using a lateralized behavior index (LBI) we calculated individual and population preferences (LBI = (R−L)/(R + L); “R” = mean right nipple contact, “L” = mean left nipple contact). Strength of preference was calculated as the absolute value of this score. Infants exhibited no population preference for a particular nipple, but showed a significant strength of preference that developed after 48 hr. Interestingly, successive siblings preferred the nipple not used by the previous infant. These findings suggest that nipple preference is guided by external stimuli, and that nipple preference during infancy may not be a behavioral representation of hemispheric specialization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psyshobiol 48: 266–272, 2006.
The ontogeny of autonomic measures in 6‐ and 12‐month‐old infants
Authors: Alkon Abbey , Lippert Suzanne , Vujan Nicole , Rodriquez Marya Eugenya , Boyce W. Thomas , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a standardized protocol to measure preejection period (PEP), a measure of sympathetic nervous system, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of parasympathetic nervous system, during resting and challenging states for 6‐ and 12‐month‐old infants and to determine developmental changes and individual stability of these measures. A 7‐min reactivity protocol was administered to Latino infants at 6 months (n = 194) and 12 months (n = 181). Results showed: (1) it is feasible to measure PEP and RSA in infants, (2) the protocol elicited significant autonomic changes, (3) individual resting autonomic measures were moderately stable from 6 to 12 months, but reactivity measures were not stable, and (4) heart rate and RSA resting and challenge group means changed significantly from 6 to 12 months. Findings suggest that although infants' autonomic responses show developmental changes, individuals' rank order is stable from 6 to 12 months of age. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psyshobiol 48: 197–208, 2006.
Neonatal behavior and infant cognitive development in rhesus macaques produced by assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Sackett Gene , Ruppenthal Gerald , Hewitson Laura , Simerly Calvin , Schatten Gerald 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAssisted reproductive technologies (ART) used in fertility clinics include in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), followed by embryo transfer into the biological or a surrogate mother. Over 1,000,000 liveborn offspring—an estimated 1 in 150 United States newborns—have been produced worldwide by ART since 1978. IVF appears to produce healthy children in singleton pregnancies, though concerns remain regarding preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, as well as the longer‐term consequences of all ART procedures. Clinical studies remain difficult to interpret and subject to confounding variables, as developmental problems may be due to a parent's reproductive conditions rather than, or in addition to, an ART procedure. Also, because of expense and time commitments, the United States ART clinical population is not fully representative of society diversities. This socio‐economic skewing might compensate for negative effects, masking small, or modest developmental deficits. Embryo splitting (ES), an ART procedure used only with animals, can produce genetically identical offspring. ES involves dividing four‐ to eight‐cell embryos into separate blastomeres and implanting them into empty zona pellucida, followed by embryo transfer. Although these ART techniques have produced nonhuman primate offspring, there has been no research on behavioral safety. Here, we report the first study of behavioral development by rhesus macaques infants produced through ES, ICSI, and IVF. We assessed neonatal reflexes, self‐feeding ability, recognition memory, object concept attainment, simple discrimination learning and reversal, and learning set (LS) acquisition. Although the sample sizes are small, we found no overall ART group delayed development. Surprisingly, the ES and ICSI monkeys appeared to be accelerated in attaining age milestones involving sensory‐motor behaviors and a difficult Well Hiding object concept task. We conclude that macaque monkeys may provide an excellent model for the study of early human development by offspring of parents with conditions requiring ART pregnancies, as well as a model for the behavioral study of genetic–environment interactions using identical twins produced by ES. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psyshobiol 48: 243–265, 2006.
Effects of novelty on behavior in the adolescent and adult rat
Authors: Stansfield Kirstie H. , Kirstein Cheryl L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAdolescence is a time of high‐risk behavior and increased exploration. This developmental period is marked by a greater probability of initiating drug use and is associated with an increased risk to develop addiction and dependency in adulthood. Human adolescents are predisposed towards an increased likelihood of risk taking behaviors (Zuckerman, 1986), including drug use or initiation. The purpose of the study was to examine differences in developmental risk taking behaviors. Adolescent and adult animals were exposed to a novel stimulus in a familiar environment to assess impulsive behaviors, novelty preference, and exploratory behaviors. Adolescent animals had greater novelty‐induced locomotor activity, greater novelty preference, and showed higher approach and exploratory behaviors compared to adult animals. These data support the notion that adolescents may be predisposed toward sensation seeking and consequently, are more likely to engage in risk‐taking behaviors, such as drug use initiation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psyshobiol 48: 273, 2006.
Die Koordinierungsstelle für die harmonisierte europäische Normung im Bereich der Bauproduktenrichtlinie im DIBt. Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Zusammenhang mit harmonisierten europäischen Normen
Authors: Springborn Matthias 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVor inzwischen mehr als drei Jahren wurde beim DIBt die Koordinierungsstelle für die Mitarbeit der Bauaufsicht in der harmonisierten europäischen Normung nach der Bauproduktenrichtlinie (BPR) eingerichtet – Zeit genug, um etliche Erfahrungen mit solchen harmonisierten Normen zu sammeln. Zweimal wurde über solche Erfahrungen bereits berichtet (siehe “DIBt Mitteilungen”, Hefte Nr. 4/2004 und Nr. 1/2005). Der erste Bericht stellte vor allem die Aufgaben der Koordinierungsstelle vor und ging insofern auf die bisher gemachten Erfahrungen mit harmonisierten Normen nach BPR und mit deren Mängeln ein, als ein Merkblatt für die Mitarbeit von Vertretern der Bauaufsicht an der harmonisierten Normung vorgestellt wurde, dass diese Erfahrungen widerspiegelt. Der zweite Bericht hat dann diese Erfahrungen konkreter und an Beispielen ausgeführt.Dieser dritte Beitrag kann zu den oben genannten Punkten nichts Neues bieten – insbesondere leider keine Erfahrungen mit grundlegenden Verbesserungen im Bereich der harmonisierten Normung. Im Gegenteil, das letzte Jahr war gekennzeichnet durch zwei von Deutschland über die deutsche Delegation im Ständigen Ausschuss für das Bauwesen (StAB) eingeleitete Verfahren nach Artikel 5 Absatz 1 der Bauproduktenrichtlinie. Dieses Verfahren hat die offizielle Zurückziehung der Referenz für harmonisierte Normen zum Ziel mit der Folge, dass diese Normen nicht mehr den Status von harmonisierten Normen haben. Ein weiteres Verfahren wurde von der französischen Delegation eingeleitet.Ein zweiter Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags ist die neue Form der Bekanntmachungen von harmonisierten Normen in der Reihe C des Amtsblatts der EU. Erstmals am 8. Juni 2005 haben die Dienste der Kommission in der Nr. C 139 des Amtsblatts eine konsolidierte Liste aller harmonisierten Normen bekannt gemacht. Die europäische Normungsorganisation CEN (Comit� Europ�en de Normalisation) hatte im Frühjahr 2005 den Kommissionsdiensten zugesagt, in Zukunft alle 3 Monate eine solche Liste zu liefern, so dass eigentlich davon auszugehen war, dass im gleichen Abstand eine entsprechende Bekanntmachung im Amtsblatt der EU erfolgt. Dies ist jedoch bisher nicht der Fall; die zweite und bisher letzte Bekanntmachung dieser Art erfolgte im Amtsblatt der EU Nr. C 319 vom 14. Dezember 2005. Die Kommission gibt am Ende dieser Bekanntmachungen den Hinweis, dass sie jeweils alle vorherigen Bekanntmachungen harmonisierter Normen nach BPR ersetzen.
Bauaufsichtliche Verwendbarkeitsnachweise für Bauprodukte und Bauarten für Anlagen zum Lagern und Abfüllen von Jauche, Gülle und Silagesickersäften – unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erteilung allgemeiner bauaufsichtlicher Zulassungen für mit Dichtungsbahnen ausgekleideten Gülleerdbecken
Authors: Strathmann Brigitte 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIm folgenden Artikel wird dargestellt, welche bauaufsichtlichen Verwendbarkeitsnachweise für Bauprodukte und Bauarten für Anlagen zum Lagern und Abfüllen von Jauche, Gülle und Silagesickersäften (JGS‐Anlagen) erforderlich sind. Hierbei wird auch der Zusammenhang zwischen den bauaufsichtlichen Verwendbarkeitsnachweisen für diese Bauprodukte und Bauarten und den Anforderungen gemäß § 19 g Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG) beschrieben.Des Weiteren wird auf die Anforderungen, die im Rahmen der Erteilung allgemeiner bauaufsichtlicher Zulassungen für Bauprodukte und Bauarten für JGS‐Anlagen – insbesondere von mit Dichtungsbahnen ausgekleideten Gülleerdbecken – zu erbringen sind, eingegangen. Das DIBt erteilt schon seit längerem allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen für Bauprodukte und Bauarten für Anlagen zum Lagern, Abfüllen und Umschlagen wassergefährdender Stoffe. Jauche, Gülle und Silagesickersäfte nehmen aber im Rahmen der wassergefährdenden Stoffe eine Sonderstellung ein, die in diesem Artikel erläutert werden soll. Ferner soll der Beitrag eine Hilfestellung zur Suche von technischen Regeln, die für Bauprodukte und Bauarten für JGS‐Anlagen gelten, geben.
Towards an Understanding of the Polar Diels–Alder Reactions of Nitrosoalkenes with Enamines: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Domingo Luis R. , Picher M. Teresa , Arroyo Pau 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe polar Diels–Alder reactions of nitrosoalkenes with enamines have been studied using DFT methods at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level of theory. These Diels–Alder reactions are characterized by a nucleophilic attack of the enamine at the conjugated position of the nitrosoalkene with concomitant ring‐closure. The reactions present a total regioselectivity and a largeendoselectivity. The analysis, based on the global electrophilicity of the reagents in the ground state, the natural bond orbital (NBO), and the topological analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) in theendotransition state (TS) and “halfway” along the IRC between the TS and cycloadduct, correctly explain the polar nature of these cycloaddition reactions. The large electrophilic character of nitrosoethylenes together with the large nucleophilic character of enamines are responsible for the large acceleration found in these polar Diels–Alder reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of the 4‐(Biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐2,6‐bis(4‐iodophenyl)pyrylium Ion
Authors: Álvaro Mercedes , Aprile Carmela , Carbonell Esther , Ferrer Belén , García Hermenegildo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA triarylpyrylium ion containing iodo and biphenyl substituents has been synthesized and its photophysical properties measured. Compared to its parent triphenylpyrylium ion,the photophysical data recorded for 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐2,6‐bis(4‐iodophenyl)pyrylium are significantly influenced by substitution. Remarkable decreases in fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields, a shorter singlet lifetime, and lower energies of the singlet and triplet excited states are observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cerium‐Catalyzed α‐Hydroxylation Reactions of α‐Cyclopropyl β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Christoffers Jens , Kauf Thomas , Werner Thomas , Rössle Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThree α‐cyclopropyl β‐dicarbonyl compounds have been used as probes for α‐radicals as electrophilic reaction intermediates in a cerium‐catalyzed α‐hydroxylation reaction with molecular oxygen. Since the cyclopropyl group did not ring‐open to products with a butenyl moiety, but was retained in the products, a localized unpaired electron at the α position can be excluded during the course of the reaction. The α‐cyclopropyl‐substituted substrates were prepared by aldol or Claisen reactions. Other substrates with α‐methyl, α‐isopropyl, and α‐tert‐butyl substituents were prepared and converted under the α‐hydroxylation conditions in order to estimate steric influences on the yield of the reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)