bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
: epidemiology and manifestation in Northeast and Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang Fei , Cheng Qi , Duo Hongying , Wang Jichun , Yang Jingjing , Jing Shujun , Li Jing , Zhou Xiandong , Shang Yunxiao , Chen Ning , Tian Zhiliang , Zhang Han , Cai Xuxu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(MP) is commonly detected in children. However, the epidemiological trends of MP in Northeast (NE) China are unclear. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MP infections in this understudied region. The clinical manifestations and bronchoscopic findings observed in hospitalized patients with severe
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia (SMPP) were collected from comprehensive data obtained from six tertiary hospitals in NE and Inner Mongolian (IM) China, from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2023. A total of 5,593,530 children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments, and 412,480 inpatient hospitalized children were included in the study. The positivity rate of MP immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the children who visited the outpatient and emergency departments varied from 7.80% to 10.12%, whereas that of MP infection in hospitalized children ranged from 27.18% to 30.10%. Children hospitalized for MP infection were mainly concentrated in the 1- to 4-year (41.39%) and 4- to 7-year (24.25%) age groups. Before 2020, the season with the highest incidence of MP was winter. After the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), the MP epidemic season changed, and the number of children with MP infections decreased; however, the proportion of MP infections in hospitalized children did not change significantly. Starting from August 2023, the MP infection rate in outpatient, emergency, and hospitalized children increased sharply, with SMPP and its complications (e.g., plastic bronchitis and pleural effusion) increasing significantly. MP is prevalent in NE and IM, China. When the NPIs ended, MP infection showed a delayed outbreak trend, and the number of children with severe infection increased significantly.

IMPORTANCE

In Northeastern (NE) and Inner Mongolia (IM), the incidence of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
(MP) infections, including severe
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
pneumonia (SMPP), is high, posing health risks and imposing substantial economic burdens on the local population. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the study of MP prevalence and address the research gaps in MP epidemiology in these areas of China. We obtained a comprehensive collection of pediatric outpatient, emergency, and inpatient data from six public Grade III hospitals. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because understanding regional variations in MP infections can help healthcare professionals tailor prevention and treatment strategies, and studying bronchoscopic manifestations can provide insights into the impact of the disease on the respiratory system, potentially leading to a more effective clinical management.
Linking the terrestrial environmental record at Mason Spur volcanic complex with the middle Miocene–Pleistocene Ross Sea marine record, Antarctica: A history of subaerial (ice-free) eruptions and glaciovolcanism under variable ice thicknesses
Authors: Smellie John L. , Martin Adam P. , Townsend Dougal B. , Di Vincenzo Gianfranco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research into volcanism in southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, within the West Antarctic rift system, has focussed historically on the geochemistry and chronology of its volcanic centers. However, volcanoes in the West Antarctic rift system have also been dramatically influenced by the prevailing eruptive environment. Mason Spur is a middle Miocene to Pleistocene volcanic complex in the Erebus Volcanic Province. The deep interior of the complex is revealed and is used to assess its development under different environmental conditions. Many of the volcanic sequences erupted within ice and are thus ultraproximal compared with marine sediments, which are the usual source of environmental information. The volcanic rocks provide a unique, well-dated record of the terrestrial environmental conditions independent of the marine record, to which they are an important counterbalance. Evidence is provided for conditions varying between ice-free, alpine ice, and regional ice sheets, and direct comparisons are made with the marine record. The first contemporary ice thicknesses are also deduced for the Erebus Volcanic Province. The results significantly advance our understanding of the middle Miocene–Pleistocene Antarctic environment in the coastal Victoria Land region.
Supplemental Material: Excessive subsidence of oceanic basins caused by recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source: A new perspective on the oceanic topography within Southeast Asia
Authors: Yang Fan , Huang Xiao-Long , Xu Yi-Gang , al. et 
Published: April 2024

<p>These files include analytical methods, photographs of samples, descriptions of melt inclusion corrections, estimation of the amount of recycled oceanic crust in the South China Sea MORB source, details of numerical modeling, and data for samples and standards used in this study. </p>
Do patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus included in randomised clinical trials differ from general-practice patients? A cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Dugard Amandine , Giraudeau Bruno , Dibao-Dina Clarisse 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo compare the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in general practice and those included in randomised controlled trials on which clinical practice guidelines are based.DesignCross-sectional comparative study.SettingWe asked 45 general practitioners from three French Departments to identify the 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus they most recently saw in consultation. In parallel, we selected randomised controlled trials included in the Cochrane systematic review on which the clinical practice guidelines for type 2 diabetes mellitus were based.ParticipantsWe included 675 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and data were collected from 23 randomised controlled trials, corresponding to 36 059 patients.Outcome measuresCharacteristics of general-practice patients were extracted from medical records by a unique observer. The same baseline characteristics of patients included in randomised controlled trials from the Cochrane systematic review were extracted and meta-analysed. We assessed standardised differences between these two series of baseline characteristics. A difference greater than 0.10 in absolute value was considered meaningful.ResultsGeneral-practice patients were older than randomised controlled trial patients (mean (SD) 68.8 (1.1) vs 59.9 years (standardised difference 0.8)) and had a higher body mass index (mean (SD) 31.5 (6.9) vs 28.2 kg/m2(standardised difference 0.5)) but smoked less (11.0% vs 29.3% (standardised difference −0.6)). They more frequently used antihypertensive drugs (82.1% vs 37.5% (standardised difference 1.2)) but less frequently had a myocardial infarction (7.6% vs 23.1% (standardised difference −1.1)).ConclusionsPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus cared for in general practice differ in a number of important aspects from patients included in randomised controlled trials on which clinical practice guidelines are based. This situation hampers the applicability of these guidelines. Future randomised trials should include patients who better fit the ‘average’ general-practice patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus to help improve the translation of study findings in daily practice.
Cohort profile: the PERSIAN Dena Cohort Study (PDCS) of non-communicable diseases in Southwest Iran
Authors: Harooni Javad , Joukar Farahnaz , Goujani Reza , Sikaroudi Masoumeh Khalighi , Hatami Alireza , Zolghadrpour Mohammad-Amin , Hejazi Mahdi , Karimi Zahra , Rahmanpour Fatemeh , Askari Shahid Sakineh , Jowshan Mohammad-Reza 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis study conducted in Dena County is a population-based cohort study as part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The specific objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of region-specific modifiable risk factors and their associations with the incidence of major non-communicable diseases (NCDs).ParticipantsThis PERSIAN Dena Cohort Study (PDCS) was conducted on 1561 men and 2069 women aged 35–70 years from October 2016 in Dena County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Southwest Iran. The overall participation rate was 82.7%.Findings to dateOut of 3630 participants, the mean age was 50.16 years, 2069 (56.9%) were women and 2092 (57.6%) were rural residents. Females exhibited higher prevalence rates of diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver, psychiatric disorders, thyroiditis, kidney stones, gallstones, rheumatic disease, chronic lung disease, depression and osteoporosis compared with males (p<0.05). Furthermore, the urban population showed elevated rates of diabetes, thyroiditis, kidney stones and epilepsy, whereas psychiatric disorders and lupus were more prevalent in rural areas (p<0.05). According to laboratory findings, 418 (13.0%), 1536 (48.1%) and 626 (19.3%) of the participants had fasting blood sugar >126 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein >100 mg/dL and haematuria, respectively; most of them were female and urban people (p<0.05).Future plansPDCS will be planned to re-evaluate NCD-related incidence, all-cause and cause-specific mortality every 5 years, along with annual follow-up for 15 years. Some examples of additional planned studies are evaluation of genetic, environmental risk, spirometry and ECG tests.
Evidence related to a vegetarian diet and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Moss Kasey , Gitman Victor , Pinto Sanchez M Ines , Oczkowski Simon , Armstrong David , Jayakumar Saumya , Karvellas Constantine Jason , Selzner Nazia , Dionne Joanna 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Given that there is no pharmacological treatment for MASLD, it is imperative to understand whether lifestyle modifications may improve biochemical and pathological outcomes. One commonly proposed dietary modification is the Mediterranean diet; however, vegetarianism may also be a promising intervention. Vegetarianism has been shown to be associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in metabolic syndrome outcomes in coronary artery disease and diabetes; however, the relationship between vegetarian diet and MASLD is less clear. In this scoping review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current body of evidence related to a vegetarian diet and MASLD.Methods and analysisThe aim of this scoping review is to describe and summarise the current body of evidence related to MASLD and a vegetarian diet. This review will be conducted using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The literature review will be conducted using the following databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL-Plus, Cochrane Library and Medline. No restriction will be made on publication date. Included studies will encompass clinical trials and observational designs that examine effects or association of vegetarian diet in adults (≥16 years) and report on the incidence, prevalence or progression of MASLD. Grey literature, non-human studies and articles focusing on changes in a specific food or nutraceutical will be excluded. Articles must have an English-language abstract available to be considered for inclusion. Screening and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The findings will be summarised with descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationApproval from a medical ethics committee is not required for this review. Once the review is complete, the findings will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.
Impact of omitting annual reviews for COPD on patient reported care quality– outcomes from the Asthma+Lung COPD patient passport
Authors: Williams Parris Jade , Bachir Leena , Philip Keir Elmslie James , Cumella Andrew , Polkey Mike , Laverty Anthony A , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundRegular clinical reviews of people with COPD provide an opportunity to optimise management and are recommended in national and international guidelines. However, there are limited data about the relationship between having an annual review and other aspects of care quality, which might influence decision-making by healthcare professionals and commissioners.MethodUsing data from 74 827 people with COPD completing the Asthma+Lung UK COPD Patient Passport, between 2014 and 2022, we conducted adjusted logistic regression (adjusting for year) and compared receipt of key items of care between those reporting that they had had an annual review (65.3%) and those who did not (34.7%). To further capture patient experience, we also analysed 4228 free-text responses to the 2021 Asthma+Lung UK annual COPD survey to the question ‘What is the one thing that could improve your COPD care?’ResultsWe found that the absence of an annual review was associated with significantly worse COPD care across all domains studied; in particular, inhaler training (yes: 80.8% vs no: 38.4%, adjusted OR (AOR): 8.18, 95% CI (7.89 to 8.47), having a written care plan (89.6% vs 56.9%, AOR 6.68 (95% CI 6.35 to 7.05) and medication knowledge (72.6% vs 33.6%, AOR 5.73 (95% CI 5.51 to 5.96). Thematic analysis of the 2021 COPD survey responses identified three areas to improve care: (1) access and support from healthcare services, (2) improved treatment effectiveness and (3) interaction between COPD and the social environment.DiscussionFailure to deliver annual COPD reviews is associated with worse patient-reported experience of care quality. In parallel, people with COPD express a desire for greater support and access to healthcare services.
Understanding responsibility for health inequalities in children’s hospitals in England: a qualitative study with hospital staff
Authors: Brewster Liz , Brennan Louise , Hindocha Avni , Lunn Judith , Isba Rachel 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand how staff in children’s hospitals view their responsibility to reduce health inequalities for the children and young people who access their services.DesignWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study.SettingThe study took place at nine children’s hospitals in England.Participants217 members of staff contributed via interviews and focus groups conducted January–June 2023. Staff were represented at all levels of the organisations, and all staff who volunteered to contribute were included in the study.AnalysisData were analysed using Rapid Research Evaluation and Appraisal (RREAL) methodology for rapid assessment procedures (RAP).ResultsAll of the children’s hospitals were taking some action to reduce health inequalities. Two key themes were identified. First, it was clear that reducing health inequalities was seen as something that was of vital import and should be part of staff’s day-to-day activity, framed as ‘everyone’s business.’ Many staff felt that there was an obligation to intervene to ensure that children and young people receiving hospital treatment were not further disadvantaged by, for example, food poverty. Second, however, the deeply entrenched and intersectional nature of health inequalities sometimes meant that these inequalities were complex to tackle, with no clear impetus to specific actions, and could be framed as ‘no-one’s responsibility’. Within a complex health and social care system, there were many potential actors who could take responsibility for reducing health inequalities, and staff often questioned whether it was the role of a children’s hospital toleadthese initiatives.ConclusionsBroadly speaking, senior leaders were clear about their organisational role in reducing health inequalities where they impacted on access and quality of care, but there was some uncertainty about the perceived boundaries of responsibility. This led to fragility in the sustainability of activity, and a lack of joined-up intervention. Most hospitals were forging ahead with activity, considering that it was more important to work to overcome health inequalities rather than debate whose job it was.
A cross-sectional study on the proper administration of eye medications and its determinants among outpatients attending Brhan Aini Ophthalmic National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea
Authors: Abdu Nuru , Weldemariam Dawit G , Goitom Tesfagaber Alemseghed , Tewelde Tomas , Tesfamariam Eyasu H 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the administration technique of eye medications, its determinants and disposal practices among ophthalmic outpatients.DesignAn analytical cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingBrhan Aini Ophthalmic National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea.ParticipantsSamples of ophthalmic outpatients aged>18 years who visited Brhan Aini Ophthalmic National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea. Systematic random sampling was used to select the study participants.Data collection and analysisData were collected from August 2021 to September 2021, using an interview-based questionnaire. The collected data were entered and analysed using CSPro (V.7.3) and SPSS (V.26), respectively. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test were performed.P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant.ResultsA total of 333 respondents with a mean age of 56.4 (SD: 18.76) years were recruited in the study. More than half of the respondents (57.4%) did not have any information on the time interval between two successive eye medications. However, only 16.5% of the respondents managed to close their tear ducts after the administration of eye medication. The mean (SD) score for proper administration of eye medication was 4.16 (1.07) out of 7.0. Female sex (p=0.002), the absence of glaucoma (p=0.035) and the presence of cataract (p=0.014) were significant determinants of the proper administration technique of eye medication. The most favoured disposal practice for unused and/or expired eye medications was disposing of regular garbage (79.9%).ConclusionThis research revealed that there was an inappropriate administration technique and disposal practices of eye medications among ophthalmic outpatients. This requires immediate attention from policy-makers, programme managers and healthcare professionals to ensure the appropriate use of eye medications by the patients.
Care Under Pressure 2: a realist synthesis of causes and interventions to mitigate psychological ill health in nurses, midwives and paramedics
Authors: Taylor Cath , Maben Jill , Jagosh Justin , Carrieri Daniele , Briscoe Simon , Klepacz Naomi , Mattick Karen 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundNurses, midwives and paramedics comprise over half of the clinical workforce in the UK National Health Service and have some of the highest prevalence of psychological ill health. This study explored why psychological ill health is a growing problem and how we might change this.MethodsA realist synthesis involved iterative searches within MEDLINE, CINAHL and HMIC, and supplementary handsearching and expert solicitation. We used reverse chronological quota screening and appraisal journalling to analyse each source and refine our initial programme theory. A stakeholder group comprising nurses, midwives, paramedics, patient and public representatives, educators, managers and policy makers contributed throughout.ResultsFollowing initial theory development from 8 key reports, 159 sources were included. We identified 26 context–mechanism–outcome configurations, with 16 explaining the causes of psychological ill health and 10 explaining why interventions have not worked to mitigate psychological ill health. These were synthesised to five key findings: (1) it is difficult to promote staff psychological wellness where there is a blame culture; (2) the needs of the system often over-ride staff psychological well-being at work; (3) there are unintended personal costs of upholding and implementing values at work; (4) interventions are fragmented, individual-focused and insufficiently recognise cumulative chronic stressors; and (5) it is challenging to design, identify and implement interventions.ConclusionsOur final programme theory argues the need for healthcare organisations to rebalance the working environment to enable healthcare professionals to recover and thrive. This requires high standards for patient care to be balanced with high standards for staff psychological well-being; professional accountability to be balanced with having a listening, learning culture; reactive responsive interventions to be balanced by having proactive preventative interventions; and the individual focus balanced by an organisational focus.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172420.
Respiratory complex I regulates dendritic cell maturation in explant model of human tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Turpin Rita , Liu Ruixian , Munne Pauliina M , Peura Aino , Rannikko Jenna H , Philips Gino , Boeckx Bram , Salmelin Natasha , Hurskainen Elina , Suleymanova Ilida , Aung July , Vuorinen Elisa M , Lehtinen Laura , Mutka Minna , Kovanen Panu E , Niinikoski Laura , Meretoja Tuomo J , Mattson Johanna , Mustjoki Satu , Saavalainen Päivi , Goga Andrei , Lambrechts Diether , Pouwels Jeroen , Hollmén Maija , Klefström Juha 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundCombining cytotoxic chemotherapy or novel anticancer drugs with T-cell modulators holds great promise in treating advanced cancers. However, the response varies depending on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, there is a clear need for pharmacologically tractable models of the TIME to dissect its influence on mono- and combination treatment response at the individual level.MethodsHere we establish a patient-derived explant culture (PDEC) model of breast cancer, which retains the immune contexture of the primary tumor, recapitulating cytokine profiles and CD8+T cell cytotoxic activity.ResultsWe explored the immunomodulatory action of a synthetic lethal BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax+metformin drug combination ex vivo, discovering metformin cannot overcome the lymphocyte-depleting action of venetoclax. Instead, metformin promotes dendritic cell maturation through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, increasing their capacity to co-stimulate CD4+T cells and thus facilitating antitumor immunity.ConclusionsOur results establish PDECs as a feasible model to identify immunomodulatory functions of anticancer drugs in the context of patient-specific TIME.