bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passage detection using text classification
Authors: Mengle Saket , Goharian Nazli 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPassages can be hidden within a text to circumvent their disallowed transfer. Such release of compartmentalized information is of concern to all corporate and governmental organizations. Passage retrieval is well studied; we posit, however, that passage detection is not. Passage retrieval is the determination of the degree of relevance of blocks of text, namely passages, comprising a document. Rather than determining the relevance of a document in its entirety, passage retrieval determines the relevance of the individual passages. As such, modified traditional information‐retrieval techniques compare terms found in user queries with the individual passages to determine a similarity score for passages of interest. In passage detection, passages are classified into predetermined categories. More often than not, passage detection techniques are deployed to detect hidden paragraphs in documents. That is, to hide information, documents are injected with hidden text into passages. Rather than matching query terms against passages to determine their relevance, using text‐mining techniques, the passages are classified. Those documents with hidden passages are defined as infected. Thus, simply stated, passage retrieval is the search for passages relevant to a user query, while passage detection is the classification of passages. That is, in passage detection, passages are labeled with one or more categories from a set of predetermined categories. We present a keyword‐based dynamic passage approach (KDP) and demonstrate that KDP outperforms statistically significantly (99% confidence) the other document‐splitting approaches by 12% to 18% in the passage detection and passage category‐prediction tasks. Furthermore, we evaluate the effects of the feature selection, passage length, ambiguous passages, and finally training‐data category distribution on passage‐detection accuracy.
Describing and predicting information‐seeking behavior on the Web
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study focuses on the task as a fundamental factor in the context of information seeking. The purpose of the study is to characterize kinds of tasks and to examine how different kinds of task give rise to different kinds of information‐seeking behavior on the Web. For this, a model for information‐seeking behavior was used employing dimensions of information‐seeking strategies (ISS), which are based on several behavioral dimensions. The analysis of strategies was based on data collected through an experiment designed to observe users' behaviors. Three tasks were assigned to 30 graduate students and data were collected using questionnaires, search logs, and interviews. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data identified 14 distinct information‐seeking strategies. The analysis showed significant differences in the frequencies and patterns of ISS employed between three tasks. The results of the study are intended to facilitate the development of task‐based information‐seeking models and to further suggest Web information system designs that support the user's diverse tasks.
Morphofunctional study of 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐13‐phorbol acetate (TPA)‐induced differentiation of U937 cells under exposure to a 6 mT static magnetic field
Authors: Dini Luciana , Dwikat Majdi , Panzarini Elisa , Vergallo Cristian , Tenuzzo Bernadetta 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study deals with the morphofunctional influence of 72 h exposure to a 6 mT static magnetic field (SMF) during differentiation induced by 50 ng/ml 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐13‐phorbol acetate (TPA) in human leukaemia U937 cells. The cell morphology of U937 cells was investigated by optic and electron microscopy. Specific antibodies and/or molecules were used to label CD11c, CD14, phosphatidylserine, F‐actin and to investigate the distribution and activity of lysosomes, mitochondria and SER. [Ca2+]i was evaluated with a spectrophotometer. The degree of differentiation in SMF‐exposed cells was lower than that of non‐exposed cells, the difference being exposure time‐dependent. SMF‐exposed cells showed cell shape and F‐actin modification, inhibition of cell attachment, appearance of membrane roughness and large blebs and impaired expression of specific macrophagic markers on the cell surface. The intracellular localization of SER and lysosomes was only partially affected by exposure. A significant localization of mitochondria with an intact membrane potential at the cell periphery in non‐exposed, TPA‐stimulated cells was observed; conversely, in the presence of SMF, mitochondria were mainly localised near the nucleus. In no case did SMF exposure affect cell viability. The sharp intracellular increase of [Ca2+]i could be one of the causes of the above‐described changes. Bioelectromagnetics 30:352–364, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AIFIT – Anwenderorientierte Identifikation für Ingenieurtragwerke
Authors: Hoffmann Simon , Wendner Roman , Strauss Alfred , Steinhauser Wolfgang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAnhand von bereits in einem ersten Beitrag beschriebenen Laborversuchen wurden verschiedene Methoden zur Systemidentifikation in ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit hinsichtlich der Bestimmung von Steifigkeitsverteilungen untersucht. Um darüber hinaus dem Anspruch des Projekts AIFIT anwenderorientierte Identifikationsverfahren bereit zu stellen, gerecht zu werden, gilt es nun, den realistischen Einsatz dieser Verfahren näher zu untersuchen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die im Labor gewonnen Erfahrungen unter Berücksichtigung einer möglichst zweckmäßigen Anwendung in einem Feldversuch umgesetzt. Hierzu wurde ein repräsentatives Bauwerk untersucht und dessen dynamisches und quasi statisches Verhalten aufgenommen. Die mittels dieser Informationen gewonnen Erkenntnisse über die Steifigkeitsverteilung im Bauwerk sollen letztendlich eine Hilfestellung in der Inspektion und Erhaltungsplanung von Brückenbauwerken bieten.
Feldversuche mit dem Brückenklappverfahren
Authors: Blail Susanne , Kollegger Johann 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAufbauend auf dem Bogenklappverfahren wird ein Herstellungsverfahren für Brückenträger vorgeschlagen, bei dem auf die Errichtung eines Lehrgerüsts verzichtet werden kann und während der Herstellung der Brückenträger keine Biegebeanspruchungen in den Brückenträgern auftreten. Das bekannte Verfahren der Kletterschalung, das ohnehin zur Herstellung der Betonpfeiler verwendet wird, kann beim Brückenklappverfahren auch zur Herstellung der Brückenträger eingesetzt werden. Dadurch ergeben sich wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenüber dem Freivorbau. Die Stützstäbe bzw. Abspannungen reduzieren die Spannweiten der Brückenträger und ermöglichen beträchtliche Masseneinsparungen. Das Brückenklappverfahren wird besonders vorteilhaft bei Brücken mit hohen Pfeilern und bei Spannweiten zwischen 50 m und 250 m einzusetzen sein.
Faser‐ und textilbasierte Lichtleitung in Betonbauteilen – Lichtleitender Beton
Authors: Roye Andreas , Barlé Marijan , Gries Thomas , Janetzko Steffen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLichtleitender Beton ist ein Material, bei dem lichtleitende Fasern in Beton eingearbeitet werden, so dass Betonelemente aus diesem Material transluzent werden. Dieser Artikel beschreibt Grundstoffe und Herstellverfahren des Materials Lichtbeton. Dabei wird ein Schwerpunkt auf die notwendigen lichtleitenden Faserwerkstoffe gelegt. Zwei unterschiedliche Grundprinzipien zur Produktion von Betonelementen mit lichtleitenden Fasern werden vorgestellt.
Zemente mit mehreren Hauptbestandteilen im Betonbau
Authors: Müller Christoph 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIm Hinblick auf die Verminderung der klimarelevanten CO2‐Emissionen in der Zementindustrie kommt der Herstellung von Zementen mit mehreren Hauptbestandteilen eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Ein Grund dafür liegt – verglichen mit “traditionellen” CEM IZementen (Portlandzementen) – im energieeffizienteren und ökologischeren Herstellungsverfahren. Aber auch die Dauerhaftigkeit und die Leistungsfähigkeit beim Einsatz in Betonbauwerken sorgen dafür, dass Portlandkompositzemente (CEM II) und Hochofenzemente (CEM III) mittlerweile auch in Deutschland einen Marktanteil von rd. 65% erreichen. Europaweit werden schon seit einigen Jahren nur noch annähernd 30% Portlandzement eingesetzt – bei stetig sinkender Tendenz. Nachfolgend werden die anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaften, die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sowie die ökologischen Vorteile der bisher in Deutschland eingesetzten Zemente mit mehreren Hauptbestandteilen dargestellt und anhand von zwei Praxisbeispielen verdeutlicht. Mit Beispielen für die Leistungsfähigkeit neuer Zemente im Beton erfolgt ein Ausblick in mögliche weitere Entwicklungen.
Molecular dynamics simulation of antimicrobial peptide arenicin‐2: β‐Hairpin stabilization by noncovalent interactions
Authors: Stavrakoudis Athanassios , Tsoulos Ioannis G. , Shenkarev Zakhar O. , Ovchinnikova Tatiana V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractArenicin‐2 is a 21 residue antimicrobial cyclic peptide, possessing one disulphide bond between residues Cys3 and Cys20. NMR and CD studies suggested that the structure of arenicin‐2 in water represented a well formed, but highly twisted β‐harpin. To investigate the spatial arrangement of the peptide side chains and to get a clear view of its possible amphipathic properties we performed molecular dynamics in explicit water. Four independent trajectories, 50 ns in length, were produced, starting from various initial conformations or by applying different simulation conditions. Arenicin‐2 retained its β‐hairpin structure during simulations, although the residues close to strand ends were found to escape from the ideal hairpin conformation. The type I′ β‐turn connecting the two strands fluctuated between type IV and II′ β‐turn. Conversely, the right‐handed twist of the β‐hairpin was well conserved with average twist value 203° ± 19° per eight residues. Several nonbonded interactions, like hydrophobic interactions between aliphatic side chains, cation/π‐aromatic interactions, CH…π aromatic bond and water bridges, contributed to the hairpin stabilization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 143–155, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Puckering transitions of pseudoproline residues
Authors: Kang Young Kee , Park Hae Sook , Byun Byung Jin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe puckering transitions of pesudoprolines such as oxazolidine and thiazolidine residues (Oxa and Thz dipeptides) with trans and cis prolyl peptide bonds were explored by optimizations along the endocyclic torsion angle χ1 using quantum‐chemical methods in the gas phase and in water. The overall shapes of the potential energy surfaces for Oxa and Thz dipeptides in the gas phase and in water are similar to those for the Pro dipeptide, although there are some differences in relative stabilities of local minima and in barriers to puckering transition. On the whole, the barriers to puckering transition for Oxa and Thz dipeptides are computed to be 0.8–3.2 kcal/mol at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase and in water, which are lower by 0.5–1.9 kcal/mol than those for the Pro dipeptide. The n → σ* interactions for the delocalization of the lone pair of the prolyl amide nitrogen into the antibonding orbitals that are anti to the lone pair appear to play a role in stabilizing the nonplanar puckered transition states over the corresponding planar structures. The calculated barriers indicate that the down‐to‐up puckering transition can proceed in the orders Pro < Oxa < Thz in the gas phase and Pro ≈ Oxa < Thz in water. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 444–455, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Rationally designed dehydroalanine (ΔAla)‐containing peptides inhibit amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide aggregation
Authors: Rangachari Vijayaraghavan , Davey Zachary S. , Healy Brent , Moore Brenda D. , Sonoda Leilani K. , Cusack Bernadette , Maharvi Ghulam M. , Fauq Abdul H. , Rosenberry Terrone L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAmong the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides, primarily Aβ (1–40) and Aβ (1–42), in the brain as senile plaques. A large body of evidence suggests that cognitive decline and dementia in AD patients arise from the formation of various aggregated forms of Aβ, including oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils. Hence, there is increasing interest in designing molecular agents that can impede the aggregation process and that can lead to the development of therapeutically viable compounds. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the specifically designed α,β‐dehydroalanine (ΔAla)‐containing peptides P1 (K‐L‐V‐F‐ΔA‐I‐ΔA) and P2 (K‐F‐ΔA‐ΔA‐ΔA‐F) to inhibit Aβ (1–42) aggregation. The mechanism of interaction of the two peptides with Aβ (1–42) seemed to be different and distinct. Overall, the data reveal a novel application of ΔAla‐containing peptides as tools to disrupt Aβ aggregation that may lead to the development of anti‐amyloid therapies not only for AD but also for many other protein misfolding diseases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 456–465, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The1H,13C,15N resonance assignment, solution structure, and residue level stability of eosinophil cationic protein/RNase 3 determined by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Laurents Douglas V. , Bruix Marta , Jiménez M. Angeles , Santoro Jorge , Boix Ester , Moussaoui Mohammed , Nogués Maria Victoria , Rico Manuel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEosinophil cationic protein (ECP)/human RNase 3, a member of the RNase A family, is a remarkably cytotoxic protein implicated in asthma and allergies. These activities are probably due to ECP's ability to interact with and disrupt membranes and depend on two Trp, 19 Arg, and possibly an extremely high conformational stability. Here, we have used NMR spectroscopy to assign essentially all1H,15N, and backbone13C resonances, to solve the 3D structure in aqueous solution and to quantify its residue‐level stability. The NMR solution structure was determined on the basis of 2316 distance constraints and is well‐defined (backbone RMSD = 0.81 Å). The N‐terminus and the loop composed of residues 114–123 are relatively well‐ordered; in contrast, conformational diversity is observed for the loop segments 17–22, 65–68, and 92–95 and most exposed sidechains. The side chain NH groups of the two Trp and 19 Arg showed no significant protection against hydrogen/deuterium exchange. The most protected NH groups belong to the first and last two β‐strands, and curiously, the first α‐helix. Analysis of their exchange rates reveals a strikingly high global stability of 11.8 kcal/mol. This value and other stability measurements are used to better quantify ECP's unfolding thermodynamics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1018–1028, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis of quadruplex‐forming tetra‐end‐linked oligonucleotides: Effects of the linker size on quadruplex topology and stability
Authors: Oliviero Giorgia , Borbone Nicola , Amato Jussara , D'Errico Stefano , Galeone Aldo , Piccialli Gennaro , Varra Michela , Mayol Luciano 
Published: February 2009

AbstractG‐quadruplexes are characteristic structural arrangements of guanine‐rich DNA sequences that abound in regions with relevant biological significance. These structures are highly polymorphic differing in the number and polarity of the strands, loop composition, and conformation. Furthermore, the cation species present in solution strongly influence the topology of the G‐quadruplexes. Recently, we reported the synthesis and structural studies of new G‐quadruplex forming oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) in which the 3′‐ and/or the 5′‐ends of four ODN strands are linked together by a non‐nucleotidic tetra‐end‐linker (TEL). These TEL‐ODN analogs having the sequence TGGGGT are able to form parallel G‐quadruplexes characterized by a remarkable high thermal stability. We report here an investigation about the influence of the reduction of the TEL size on the molecularity, topology, and stability of the resulting TEL‐G‐quadruplexes using a combination of circular dichroism (CD), CD melting, 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and molecular modeling data. We found that all TEL‐(TGGGGT)4 analogs, regardless the TEL size and the structural orientation of the ODN branches, formed parallel TEL‐G‐quadruplexes. The molecular modeling studies appear to be consistent with the experimental CD and NMR data revealing that the G‐quadruplexes formed by TEL‐ODNs having the longer TEL (L1‐4) are more stable than the corresponding G‐quadruplexes having the shorter TEL (S1‐4). The relative stability of S1‐4 was also reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 466–477, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Real time automatic skeleton and motion estimation for character animation
Authors: Xiao Zhidong , Nait‐Charif Hammadi , Zhang Jian J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMotion capture is prevalent in the pipeline of realistic articulated character animation. To define accurate joint positions and joint orientations for the movement of a hierarchical human‐like character without using a pre‐defined skeleton remains a challenge for motion capture studios. In this paper, we present a method for automatically estimating and determining the topology of a hierarchical human skeleton from optical motion capture data based on the human biomechanical information. Through the use of a novel per‐frame based recursive method with joint angle minimization, human skeleton mapping from optical markers and joint angle estimation are achieved in real time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative Effects on Radical Recombination in CYP3A4‐Catalyzed Oxidation of the Radical Clock β‐Thujone
Authors: Jiang Yongying , Ortiz de Montellano Paul R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTick tock: The timing of the β‐thujone radical clock (see scheme) can be specifically altered by an allosteric effector. Progesterone, a well‐documented CYP3A4 allosteric effector, was found to increase the yield of the unrearranged, C4‐derived product of β‐thujone oxidation at the expense of the combined yields of all the rearranged C4‐oxidized metabolites. The results demonstrate that the apparent radical recombination rate in the CYP3A4 hydroxylation of β‐thujone is accelerated by the progesterone hetereotropic cooperativity.magnified image
Clinical impact of sirolimus‐eluting stent in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Piscione Federico , Piccolo Raffaele , Cassese Salvatore , Galasso Gennaro , Chiariello Massimo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate outcome of patients undergoing sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) as compared to bare‐metal stent (BMS) implantation during primary angioplasty for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Background: The role of SES in primary percutaneous coronary intervention setting is still debated. Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, scientific session abstracts, and relevant Websites for studies in any language, from the inception of each database until October 2008. Only randomized clinical trials with a mean follow‐up period >6 months and sample size >100 patients were included. Primary endpoint for efficacy was target‐vessel revascularization (TVR) and primary endpoint for safety was stent thrombosis. Secondary endpoints were cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI). Results: Six trials were included in the meta‐analysis, including 2,381 patients (1,192 randomized to SES and 1,189 to BMS). Up to 12‐month follow‐up, TVR was significantly lower in patients treated with SES as compared to patients treated with BMS (4.53% vs. 12.53%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.46; P < 0.00001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of stent thrombosis (3.02% vs. 3.70%, OR = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.52–1.27], P = 0.81), cardiac death (2.77% vs. 3.28%, OR = 0.84 [95% CI, 0.52–1.35], P = 0.47), and recurrent MI (2.94% vs. 4.04%, OR = 0.71 [95% CI, 0.45–1.11], P = 0.13) between the two groups. Conclusion: SES significantly reduces TVR rates as compared to BMS in STEMI patients up to 1 year follow‐up. Further studies with larger population and longer follow‐up time are needed to confirm our findings. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel uses of the proxis embolic protection catheter
Authors: Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Proxis catheter has been designed for proximal embolic protection during saphenous vein graft interventions. The Proxis catheter's flexible and kink‐resistant design, lubricity, and atraumatic tip allow deep seating in target vessels. We describe six challenging percutaneous coronary intervention cases, in which the Proxis catheter was used in arterial grafts, sequential saphenous vein grafts, and native coronary arteries. Deep seating of the Proxis catheter enabled vessel visualization and equipment delivery, allowing successful completion of each case. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.