bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QBES: Predicting real values of solvent accessibility from sequences by efficient, constrained energy optimization
Authors: Xu Zhigang , Zhang Chi , Liu Song , Zhou Yaoqi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSolvent accessibility, one of the key properties of amino acid residues in proteins, can be used to assist protein structure prediction. Various approaches such as neural network, support vector machines, probability profiles, information theory, Bayesian theory, logistic function, and multiple linear regression have been developed for solvent accessibility prediction. In this article, a much simpler quadratic programming method based on the buriability parameter set of amino acid residues is developed. The new method, called QBES (Quadratic programming and Buriability Energy function for Solvent accessibility prediction), is reasonably accurate for predicting the real value of solvent accessibility. By using a dataset of 30 proteins to optimize three parameters, the average correlation coefficients between the predicted and actual solvent accessibility are about 0.5 for all four independent test sets ranging from 126 to 513 proteins. The method is efficient. It takes only 20 min for a regular PC to obtain results of 30 proteins with an average length of 263 amino acids. Although the proposed method is less accurate than a few more sophisticated methods based on neural network or support vector machines, this is the first attempt to predict solvent accessibility by energy optimization with constraints. Possible improvements and other applications of the method are discussed. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reducing CDK4/6‐p16INK4a interface. Computational alanine scanning of a peptide bound to CDK6 protein
Authors: Villacañas Óscar , Rubio‐Martinez Jaime 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe tumor suppressor gene p16INK4a is commonly found altered in numerous and different types of cancer. The encoded protein arrests cell cycle in G1 phase by binding to CDK4 and CDK6, inhibiting their kinase function. In 1995, a 20‐residue peptide, extracted from p16INK4a protein sequence, was discovered that retains the cell cycle inhibition properties of the endogenous tumor suppressor. However, its structure has not been determined yet. In this article, the features of a theoretical structure of the peptide bound to CDK6 are reported. The complex was modeled from CDK6‐p16INK4a X‐ray crystal structure and through molecular dynamics. Final structure was assessed by comparing computed binding free energy changes, when single‐alanine substitutions were brought about on the peptide, to experimental data. Better concordance was obtained when including a high level of solvation effects. Solute–solvent vdW energy and electrostatic energy between solute and first shells of water, computed through a force field and considering explicit waters, were also to be included to achieve reasonably good concordance between theoretical and experimental data. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic and mechanical properties of wurtzite type SiC nanowires
Authors: Durandurdu Murat 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPure and hydrogen terminated silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires grown along [0001] direction in the wurtzite structure are studied using ab initio density functional theory calculations. The pure wires preserve their crystalline‐like topology with only small relaxations on their surface. Also, the pure wires are semiconducting, but their band gap energy decreases with decreasing diameter due to the presence of surface states. As expected, hydrogen saturation induces a broadening of the band gap energy because of the quantum confinement effect. SiC nanowires are also predicted to be very rigid. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multipurpose image recognition based on active search and adaptive fuzzy inference neural network
Authors: Iyatomi Hitoshi , Hagiwara Masafumi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a versatile image recognition method, combining conventional pattern matching and a learning system. The proposed system first quickly determines candidate regions containing the target object in the image, and then examines the result by using the learning system. In the pattern matching, “active search” is used, which quickly extracts the target object using multiple two‐dimensional reference images. As a learning system, an adaptive fuzzy inference neural network (AFINN) is used, which can perform knowledge processing. The AFINN automatically constructs the inference model, such as the selection of the necessary input information, and automatically acquires the inference rules through learning. Consequently, by applying the AFINN to the image recognition problem, highly versatile object recognition is realized without requiring explicit knowledge for recognition. The proposed system can be applied to a wide range of problems, since diversified objects can be recognized by simply modifying the registered reference images. In this paper, the method is applied to a sample problem, consisting of an image of the laboratory containing various objects, such as computers, monitors, and chairs, and it is verified that high recognition accuracy can be realized. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 69–79, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20269
Rapid discriminative learning based on misclassification measure
Authors: Rokui Jun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe current research is based on Minimum Classification Error Learning (MCE/GPD) using Generalized Probabilistic Descent (GPD), which is known as a high‐performance discriminative learning method. MCE/GPD is an excellent recognition technique that has been applied to speech recognition because of its high recognition performance and its ability to deal with variable‐length vectors. However, like other recognition techniques, it suffers from the problem that recognition performance drops for untrained data (generalization ability problem). There is also the practical fault that training time is lengthy due to the complexity of the algorithm. In the current research, the authors propose a new learning method that improves the generalization ability by introducing regularized learning to avoid ill‐posed problems and increases learning speed according to a hierarchical model arrangement, which should solve these two problems. They used a hierarchical neural network for performance evaluation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 58–68, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20353
Reasoning with inconsistent knowledge base
Authors: Tahara Ikuo , Nobesawa Shiho 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThere are several approaches to reasoning from an inconsistent knowledge base, such as the consistency‐based method and the argument‐based method, from the point of view of the definition of conclusions derived from an inconsistent knowledge base. This paper proposes a treatment focusing on the condition for assuring the validity of conclusions derived from an inconsistent knowledge base. A consistency‐based method performs deductive reasoning with consistent subsets selected from an inconsistent knowledge base. There exist maximal consistent sets which derive different conclusions inconsistent with each other. Thus, we propose a condition to distinguish these sets in order to assure the validity of conclusions. On the other hand, an argument‐based method takes an argument that consists of a conclusion and a consistent knowledge base which derives the conclusion. This method selects an acceptable argument according to the alternative relation of possible arguments, as a conclusion has arguments from which it is derived and alternative arguments. Thus, we propose a condition which undercuts alternative arguments, in order to assure the validity of a conclusion. We show that these two methods are essentially identical with regard to the validity of a given conclusion by proving these conditions' equivalence. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 41–48, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20391
An extraction method for apoptotic cells from videomicroscopy images
Authors: Haseyama Miki , Sasamura Yukari , Kitajima Hideo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn automatic extraction method for apoptotic cells from videomicroscopy images is proposed. The edges of the apoptotic cells in the microscopy images are gentle and thick because of the fluorescence enzyme used for the observation; their shapes are distorted circles; the apoptotic cells also neighbor on the other cells. Since the apoptotic cells cannot be easily extracted, they are generally extracted by visual recognition. Therefore, we propose a method to automatically extract only apoptotic cells based on shape features. The proposed method, in the first stage, extracts areas with strong possibilities that apoptotic cells are included. In the second stage, the method applies shape‐feature analysis to the extracted areas. By using these two stages, the proposed method can accurately extract the apoptotic cells without increasing computational costs. Further, when videomicroscopy images are acquired as an image sequence, the proposed method can extract the cells more accurately by comparing the extraction results in neighboring frames. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(3): 32–40, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20410
Grunderneuerung der Bahnsteighallen im Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt am Main – Ein Jahrhundertbauwerk aus Stahl und Glas erstrahlt in neuem Glanz
Authors: Ableidinger Gerhard , Reiter Heinrich , Labonte Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDen Charme gründerzeitlicher Ingenieurkunst zu erhalten unter gleichzeitiger Anpassung eines Bauwerkes in seiner Funktion an die Anforderungen des 20. Jahrhunderts und darüber hinaus – eine solche Aufgabe erfordert individuelle Denk‐ und Lösungsansätze ganz besonderer Art. Die MCE Industrietechnik Linz GmbH & Co, federführend in der Arge Bahnsteighallen Hbf Frankfurt (M), hat sich dieser Aufgabe gestellt und geht nach inzwischen über vierjähriger Bauzeit davon aus, dieser Aufgabe in vollem Umfang auch gerecht geworden zu sein.
Hauptbahnhof Dresden – Instandsetzung und Umbau der Bahnsteighallen
Authors: Vitzthum Michael , Voland Peter , Foster & Partners  
Published: March 2006

AbstractDie Sanierung der Bahnsteighallen des historischen Dresdner Hauptbahnhofes ist aufgrund der Größe des neuen Membrandaches als Projekt Bauen im Bestand unter laufendem Betrieb einzigartig. Der Entwurf des Architekten Lord Norman Foster beinhaltet die Eindeckung der rund 30000 m2 Dachfläche der gesamten Bahnsteighallen mit einer PTFE‐beschichteten Glasfaserhaut, wobei das vorhandene Eisentragwerk saniert und ertüchtigt wird. Eine der schwierigsten ingenieurtechnischen Herausforderungen bestand darin, die Lasten des neuen Membrandaches in das historische Stahltragwerk ein‐ und in die Fundamente abzuleiten. Die Erneuerung der Hallendächer sowie der im Zusammenhang stehenden Metallfassaden erfolgte dabei mit dem Grundsatz, authentische Elemente zu erhalten und instand zu setzen. Für die Bereiche, in denen die ursprüngliche Gestaltung nicht mehr vorhanden war, wurden zeitgemäße Lösungen gewählt, die dem Charakter der Bahnsteighallen gerecht werden. Es entsteht somit ein Gesamtkonzept, das den Bestand und die Geschichte des Bahnhofes respektiert und bestärkt, aber auch aktuelle und zukunftsweisende Konzeptionen einbringt und die Entwicklung der Bahn repräsentiert (Bild 1).
Comparison between three‐dimensional placental volume at 12 weeks and uterine artery impedance/notching at 22 weeks in screening for pregnancy‐induced hypertension, pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in a low‐risk population
Authors: Hafner E. , Metzenbauer M. , Höfinger D. , Stonek F. , Schuchter K. , Waldhör T. , Philipp K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the value of three‐dimensional placental volume at 12 weeks and uterine artery Doppler at 22 weeks for predicting pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH), pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction in a low‐risk population.MethodsOver a 20‐month period we calculated the placental quotient (PQ = placental volume/crown–rump length) at 11–13 weeks' gestation in all women with singleton pregnancies who booked for delivery in our hospital. At 22 weeks, in the same population, we calculated the mean pulsatility index (PI) of both uterine arteries and the presence of an early diastolic notch was noted. Logistic regression models, the PQ and Doppler parameters were used to compare the two screening methods for subgroups of pregnancy outcome.ResultsComplete outcome data were obtained in 2489 consecutive singleton pregnancies. Logistic regression models for the detection of pre‐eclampsia had a sensitivity of 38.5% (PQ) vs. 44.8% (Doppler); for the detection of small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) the sensitivity was 27.1% (PQ) vs. 28.1% (Doppler) at a specificity of 90%. Taking a PQ of ≤ 10th centile, a mean uterine PI of ≥ 90th centile and a bilateral notch, the sensitivity for detection of SGA was 25.0%, 20.2% and 22.0%, respectively; for PIH it was 9.5%, 4.8% and 4.8%; for pre‐eclampsia without SGA it was 20.0%, 28%, 12%; for PIH/pre‐eclampsia with SGA it was 30.8%, 46.1% and 69.2%. In the group with the most severe complications, in which delivery took place before 34 weeks, the sensitivity was 50.0%, 50.0% and 38.9%, respectively.ConclusionsPQ at 12 weeks and uterine artery Doppler at 22 weeks have similar sensitivities for predicting pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, although uterine artery Doppler is marginally more sensitive for the prediction of pre‐eclampsia. While both methods are insufficient for screening in a low‐risk population, the PQ method has the potential advantage of being performed in the first trimester. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of transvaginal sonography in recumbent and standing maternal positions to predict spontaneous preterm birth in singleton and twin pregnancies
Authors: Arabin B. , Roos C. , Kollen B. , van Eyck J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether serial transvaginal sonographic examination of the cervix with the woman in a standing position improves the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) compared with the conventional posture.MethodsFor both a recumbent and upright maternal position, the inter‐ and intraobserver agreement of cervical length (CL) measurement was calculated. In 363 pregnancies at risk for SPB, we determined prospectively CL and funnel width (FW) including differences between the positions and between longitudinal measurements from 15 weeks onwards. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, contingency tables and receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used. Data were stratified according to singleton or twin pregnancy, maternal position, gestational age at examination and different cut‐off values to predict SPB < 36 weeks.ResultsThe interobserver variability in each position was similar, with an interclass correlation coefficient (95% CI) of 0.952 (0.811–0.984) in the recumbent and 0.942 (0.837–0.978) in the upright maternal position. After exclusion of pregnancies with iatrogenic preterm birth, 15/138 (11%) singletons and 29/153 (19%) twin pairs were born at <36 weeks. The incidence of funneling was greater in an upright compared with a recumbent maternal position by 12.3% in singleton and 13.1% in twin pregnancies before 25 weeks, and by 13.0% and 21.6% between 25 and 30 weeks, respectively. This resulted in an earlier and more accurate prediction of SPB by transvaginal ultrasound in an upright compared with a recumbent maternal position, which could be shown by all applied statistical methods. The influence of posture on the prognostic value of the CL varied depending on the cut‐off value. Differences in CL or FW between 15–20 and 25–30 weeks predicted SPB better than did differences between shorter intervals.ConclusionsEvaluation of the cervix with the woman in the upright position permits earlier detection of funneling. This may enable earlier and more appropriate intervention to avoid SPB. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SINR estimation and orthogonality factor calculation of DS‐CDMA signals in MIMO channels employing linear transceiver filters
Authors: Logothetis Andrew , Osseiran Afif 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA discrete‐time model of DS‐CDMA signaling using multiple transmit and receive antennas employing linear transceiver filters is derived. For each link, connecting a base‐station to a wireless mobile user, the downlink signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) after despreading is derived analytically, and as a by‐product an exact closed‐form solution of the orthogonality factor is obtained. The orthogonality factor is derived for any linear receiver structure that is implemented by a bank of correlators and for any linear combining techniques (such as MRC and MMSE), and for any number of transmit and/or receive antennas that utilize transmit (pre‐RAKE) and receive (post‐RAKE) filtering. The MIMO DS‐CDMA model is derived using a filter representation, and is extended to a vector/matrix formulation that permits a systematic and efficient way of computing the SINR in a radio network simulator. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capacity of MIMO channels in the presence of co‐channel interference
Authors: Kang Ming , Yang Lin , Alouini Mohamed‐Slim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents analytical results on the capacity of multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) fading channels in the presence of co‐channel interference (CCI). We consider the scenario in which the desired and CCI users are all subject to Rayleigh fading. We assume that channel realizations of both the desired and CCI users are known at the receiver. Moreover, we consider the case where the transmitter does not have any CSI and as such equal‐power allocation among transmit antennas is used. Given this setup, we derive the moment generating function (MGF) and the mean of the mutual information (MI). We then study the complementary cumulative distribution function of the MI using a Gaussian approximation. Finally, we present and discuss numerical examples to illustrate the mathematical formalism and to show the effect of various parameters on the capacity of MIMO channels in the presence of CCI. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Admission control for variable spreading gain CDMA cellular system with imperfect power control and shadowing
Authors: Siu Y. M. , Soo K. K. , Chan W. S. , Leung S. W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVariable spreading gain (VSG) CDMA is the prime transmission scheme for supporting multiple services for the next generation cellular systems. As different services have different quality of service and data rate requirements, admission control is essential in safeguarding the performance of different services in VSG‐CDMA cellular systems in harsh wireless environment. In this paper, we propose an admission control scheme for multiple services VSG‐CDMA cellular system in a practical multi‐cell environment where there exist adverse effects due to imperfect power control and shadowing. Rather than with a fixed bound as in previous studies, the admission bound in our scheme is based on the probability distribution of total intra‐cell power (Pin) and other‐cell interference power (Iother). This is used to estimate the blocking probability by utilizing a simple and accurate approximation that incorporates the random nature of Pin and Iother. Evaluation of the impact of power control error to the mean and standard deviation of Pin and Iother, we performed and compared the blocking probability with fixed admission bound scheme in an integrated voice/data environment. Our work has enabled the calculation of the blocking probability and capacity of different mobility users having different power control errors under shadowing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local mean signal estimation over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Ko Young‐Chai , Alouini Mohamed‐Slim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAccurate and fast algorithms for the local mean signal level estimation are very important for the successful implementation of many wireless communication enabling techniques such as handoff, power control, and adaptive gain control schemes. In this paper, we present on‐line simple‐to‐implement (i) minimum variance unbiased and (ii) maximum likelihood estimators for the local mean signal power estimation in the decibel domain. We consider a generalized Nakagami‐m fading environment and show that these estimators are asymptotically efficient in the number of samples and in the fading parameter m. Numerical and simulation results confirm that these estimators outperform the sample mean estimator and quickly approach the Cramer–Rao lower bounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hidden Markov modeling and macroscopic traffic filtering supporting location‐based services
Authors: Stamoulakatos Theodore S. , Sykas Efstathios D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this study, we present a technique that combines pattern recognition techniques with cellular signaling measurements and more precisely information extracted from Abis air interface in GSM network. The pattern recognition is applied to measurement reports that mobile terminal (MT) sends to its serving base station (BS). Modeling of these reports is performed by hidden Markov model (HMM) while employing clustering large applications (CLARA) as clustering method. The accurate results during MT velocity estimation located inside a probe vehicle show the potential of the method when applied to large scale of MTs in order to estimate basic parameters for road traffic. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐layer directional antenna MAC protocol for wirelessad hoc networks
Authors: Gossain Hrishikesh , Cordeiro Carlos , Joshi Tarun , Agrawal Dharma P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a directional antenna medium access (DAMA) protocol and its enhanced version called enhanced DAMA (EDAMA), which takes advantage of the benefits offered by directional antennas. Both of these schemes have been inspired by the IEEE 802.11 MAC, with major enhancements including a new neighbor discovery scheme, an optimized circular directional transmission of RTS and CTS to prevent the hidden node problem, reduce collisions and decrease node deafness, and also a multi‐buffer management scheme. A pair of communicating nodes using these schemes simultaneously transmits the circular directional RTS and CTS only to those sectors with neighbors, hence reducing overall communication delay and enhancing throughput. The main difference between DAMA and EDAMA lies in the way buffering is provided in the MAC layer. Unlike DAMA, which uses a single MAC buffer for all antenna beams as in IEEE 802.11, EDAMA employs separate buffers for each of the antenna sectors and introduces an integrated network and MAC cross‐layer design. This helps in eliminating the ‘self‐induced blocking’ problem prominent in existing directional MAC protocols. We have compared DAMA, EDAMA, IEEE 802.11, and two recently proposed directional MAC protocols, and results show that DAMA and EDAMA perform better than existing MAC protocols in the majority of the scenarios investigated, while EDAMA is observed to perform best. We also point out that the performance usually depends on the network topology and traffic pattern. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.