bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decomposition of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates with Halo- and Azidotrimethylsilanes in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Keumi Takashi , Umeda Toshiaki , Inoue Yoshinori , Kitajima Hidehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with chlorotrimethylsilane in a tetrahydrofuran/N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (5v/3v) solution afforded the protodediazotization products in high yields. The reactions of the diazonium salts with halotrimethylsilanes in DMF were found to give the corresponding haloarenes. Among the halodediazotization reactions, the iododediazotization with iodotrimethylsilane proceeded smoothly at room temperature to give the iodoarenes in excellent yields. In a similar manner, a variety of azidoarenes were obtained in consistently high yields by the treatment of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with azidotrimethylsilane in a DMF solution.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrogen Molybdenum Bronzes, HxMoO3
Authors: Sotani Noriyuki , Eda Kazuo , Sadamatu Masayasu , Takagi Sadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogen molybdenum bronzes, HxMoO3, of Type-I (x=0.21), Type-III (x=1.55), and Type-IV (x=1.90) were prepared by the Glemser’s method. Type-II (x=0.91) was obtained from Type-III by standing in air for 120 days. The bronzes with low hydrogen contents were stable, but those with high contents were not so stable. All these bronzes have been studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and TG-DTA. Bronzes with high hydrogen contents were changed upon heating in air, successively, to those with low hydrogen contents by the evolution of H2.
Rotational Lattice Vibrations of [1H4]- and [2H4]Pyrazine Crystals
Authors: Hieida Toshikazu , Maehara Masayoshi , Nibu Yoshinori , Shimada Hiroko , Shimada Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Low-frequency Raman bands ot the [1H4]- and [2H4]pyrazine crystals were studied at various temperatures between 4.2 and 300 K. All six rotational lattice vibrations were identified based on the isotopic factor (the ratio of the vibrational frequency of the [1H4]- and [2H4]pyrazine crystals) of the individual vibrations. Classification of the rotational lattice vibrations into symmetry species was made through the polarization measurement of the Raman bands in single crystals.
The Ultraviolet Spectrum of Ozone Produced in the γ-Irradiated Liquid Nitrogen Containing a Small Amount of Oxygen
Authors: Hase Hirotomo , Jin Guangchuan , Higashimura Takenobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultraviolet spectrum observed in γ-irradiated liquid nitrogen containing a small amount of oxygen has been ascribed to ozone. The εG value was obtained. The dose rate effect on the yield of ozone was observed. The value of εmG was inversely proportional to the square root of the dose rate. This allowed us to discuss the formation mechanism of ozone in liquid nitrogen.
Inversion at the Sulfur Atom in Bis(diethyl sulfide)(1,1,2,2-tetraacetylethane-C,O′)platinum(II)
Authors: Yamazaki Shinsaku , Ama Tomoharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Variable temperature 1H NMR suggests that the metal–carbon bonded Pt(II) complex of 1,1,2,2-tetraacetylethane(dahd=3,4-diacetyl-2,4-hexadiene-2,5-diol), [Pt(dahd-C3,O′)(SEt2)2] undergoes two distinct rearrangements at the sulfides, one of which is accompanied by an anomalous dissociation process. From a comparison of the estimated kinetic parameters for inversion, an arrangement of the two sulfides in planar geometry is proposed.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using Diphenylphosphinite Derivatives of Carbohydrates as the Chiral Ligand of Rhodium Catalysts
Authors: Yamashita Mitsuji , Naoi Manabu , Imoto Hiroyuki , Oshikawa Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Diphenylphosphinite derivatives of carbohydrates (l-rhamnose, d-mannitol, and cellulose), which have asymmetric centers on the skeletons were synthesized. Asymmetric hydrogenations of prochiral substrates using rhodium catalysts with the prepared chiral phosphinite ligand were carried out to obtain chiral substances in 8–78% optical yield.
Effect of the Particle Size of Catalyst Metal on the Stereochemistry of Hydrogenation
Authors: Senda Yasuhisa , Kobayashi Kazuhito , Kamiyama Shin-ichi , Ishiyama Jun-ichi , Imaizumi Shin , Ueno Akifumi , Sugi Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Particle size of the metal catalysts controlled the stereoselectivity in the hydrogenation of methylenecyclohexanes. No effect of particle size, on the contrary, was observed in the hydrogenation of substituted 3-methylenetetrahydropyran and 5-methylene-1,3-dioxane which contain oxygen atom/atoms in the molecule.
Production of l-Tryptophan from γ-Glutamaldehydic Acid
Authors: Eto Hirozumi , Eguchi Chikahiko , Kagawa Teruhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Labile γ-glutamaldehydic acid (1) was first converted to tryptophan via its phenylhydrazone; no racemization occurred during the reaction. The stability of 1 was shown to be remarkably enhanced in the presence of additives.
Preparation of Nickel Complexes with η2-Coordinated Fluorinated Ketones from Dialkylnickel Complexes
Authors: Kim Yong-Joo , Osakada Kohtaro , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactions of hexafluoroacetone and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone with dialkylnickel complexes cause extrusion of the alkyl ligands to give nickel complexes having an η2-coordinated ketone and an auxiliary ligand such as bpy (2,2′-bipyridine) or dpe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane).
Reaction of Triarylchloroallenes with Nudeophiles under Solvolytic Conditions
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio , Miyake Sumiya , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Taniguchi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solvolytic reactions of triarylchloroallenes in the presence of thiocyanate and O-ethyl dithiocarbonate anions gave the corresponding allenyl derivatives, while the reaction in the presence of cyanate anion afforded the corresponding propargyl derivative. These results are interpreted in terms of a steric factor of the nucleophiles.
1,1′-(1,32-Dotriacontanediyl)bis[2-acetyl-sn-glycero(3)phosphocholine]: A Long Persisting Agonist as a Potential Antihypertension Agent
Authors: Yamauchi Kiyoshi , Hihara Mitsuyoshi , Kinoshita Masayoshi , Watanabe Masahiro , Kondo Takao , Kuwahara Shigeki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A dimer of platelet activating factor (PAF), 1,1′-(1,32-dotriacontanediyl)bis[2-acetyl-sn-glycero(3)phosphocholine] (7), was synthesized and examined for platelet aggregation and antihypertension activities. The compound 7 showed both activities with the maximum levels of 1/50–1/100-fold of those of PAF, but the antihypertension effect of 7 persisted much longer and appeared with time lag of 1–3 min. The unique expression of the activities was discussed in conjunction with the molecular structure.
Structures and Spectral Properties of Some Bis(β-diketonato)copper(II)–Diazole Complexes. II. The 1:1,1:2, and 1:3 Adducts of Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)copper(II) and 4-Methyl-1H-pyrazole
Authors: Kogane Tamizo , Ishii Minoru , Harada Kazumasa , Hirota Reiko , Nakahara Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preparation of Cu(hfac)2(4-Hmpz) (1), Cu(hfac)2(4-Hmpz)2 (2), and Cu(hfac)2(4-Hmpz)3 (3) by stoichiometric reactions of Cu(hfac)2 (Hhfac=1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione) with 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole (4-Hmpz) in petroleum ether is reported. The structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray analysis. Crystal data for 2: triclinic, P\bar1, a=9.301(3), b=10.815(2), c=6.457(1) Å, α=104.71(2), β=101.38(2), γ=75.41(2)°, V=601.8(3) Å3, Z=1, and R=0.057. The geometry about each copper atom is approximately a tetragonal bipyramid. The axial positions are occupied by two oxygen atoms one from each of the bidentate hfac ligands, the other oxygen atoms of which are in the basal plane with two nitrogen atoms from 4-Hmpz molecules. The two nitrogen atoms are situated trans to each other. The axial oxygen atoms have a considerably long Cu–O(2) distance (2.346(3) Å). In the IR spectrum of 2, unsplit ν C–O and ν N–H bands were observed at 1678 and 3441 cm−1, respectively. The structures of 1 and 3 are estimated on the basis of their IR spectra.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Enantioselective and Regioselective Hydrolyses of (2RS,7SR)-2,7-Diacetoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and (2RS,7RS)-2,7-Diacetoxybicydo[2.2.1]heptane
Authors: Naemura Koichiro , Takahashi Nobuo , Tanaka Shunsuke , Ueno Michi , Chikamatsu Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Enzyme-catalyzed hydrolyses of (2RS,7SR)-2,7-diacetoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (2) and its (2RS,7RS)-isomer 6 occurred with regiospecificity combined with enantiomeric specificity to give the diacetates and the monoacetates in optically active forms, and the acetoxyl group located on the methano bridge in the diacetates was preferentially hydrolyzed to give the monoacetates. Treatment with lithium aluminum hydride converted (−)-2 and (+)-(2S,7R)-2-acetoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-ol into (+)-(2R,7S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,7-diol (1) and (−)-(2S,7R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,7-diol (1), respectively, from which both enantiomers of 1 with ≥98% e.e. were readily obtained by further recrystallization. Similarly, (−)-(2R,7R)-2,7-diacetoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (6) and (+)-(2S,7S)-2-acetoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-ol (6) were converted into (+)-(2R,7R)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,7-diol (5) and (−)-(2S,7S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,7-diol (5), respectively. The absolute configurations of the products were determined by a chemical correlation with exo-2-acetoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptane of known absolute configuration.
Photochemical and Photophysical Behavior of p-Methoxyphenylalkenyl Phenanthrenecarboxylates. II. Kinetic Investigation of Intramolecular Cycloaddition
Authors: Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi , Itoh Hiroki , Terakawa Kohki , Kikuchi Katsuo , Caldwell R A , Hsu Chien-Chung 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The efficiency of [2+2] photocycloadduct formation was examined by measuring fluorescence lifetimes and the quantum yields of fluorescence and product formation in two series of p-methoxyphenylalkenyl 9-phenanthrenecarboxylates (A-nE and B-nE). In (E)-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-pentenyl, (E)-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-hexenyl, and (E)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-heptenyl 9-phenanthrenecarboxylates (B-2E, B-3E, and B-4E, respectively) the intramolecular quenching leads to product (cyclobutane+oxetane) formation in almost unit efficiency, while in (E)-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-3-butenyl and (E)-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-pentenyl 9-phenanthrenecarboxylates (A-2E and A-3E, respectively) exciplex→product efficiency is a half to three quarters. Intermediacy of plural exciplex intermediates is suggested in the present bichromophoric systems on the basis of exciplex quenching results.
A New Synthesis of o-Quinonemethides and Their Inter- and Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Inoue Tsutomu , Inoue Seiichi , Sato Kikumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of o-[1-(alkylthio)alkyl]phenols with silver(I) oxide at room temperature generated o-quinonemethides in good yields along with silver alkanethiolate. This mechanism, based upon one-electron oxidation, is excluded in view of several experimental facts. The resulting o-quinonemethides reacted efficiently with ethyl vinyl ether to afford cis-chromans as the result of endo cycloaddition between (E)-o-quinonemethides and the ether. Similarly, o-[1-(alkylthio)allyl]phenols were converted to cis-chromans via the corresponding (E)-o-quinonemethides (6-allylidenecyclohexadienone). In the absence of dienophiles, some chromenes were obtained from the allylphenols.
Mechanistic Studies of Tetraphenylstibonium Iodide-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Oxiranes with Heterocumulenes
Authors: Fujiwara Masahiro , Baba Akio , Matsuda Haruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the selective α-cleavage cycloaddition of oxiranes with heterocumulenes catalyzed by tetraphenylstibonium iodide, the direction of oxirane fission at first stage is not significant, while the difference of reaction behaviors of two antimony alkoxide intermediates (Ph4SbOCH2CH(R1)I and Ph4SbOCH(R1)CH2I), insertion of heterocumulenes and cyclization to original oxiranes, is responsible for the unusual selectivity.
Effect of Pd Dispersion on Methanol Decomposition over Supported Pd Catalysts
Authors: Saitoh Yasuo , Ohtsu Satoshi , Makie Yasuo , Okada Takashi , Satoh Kenji , Tsuruta Norio , Terunuma Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The turnover frequency (TF) for the methanol decomposition over various supported Pd catalysts is dependent upon both supporting materials and Pd crystallite sizes. On the other hand, the apparent activity (gas evolution rate per g-catalyst) is roughly proportional to the degree of Pd dispersion. This variation in the apparent activity is related to starting materials for the preparation of supports as well as to properties of supports. The highest dispersion of Pd was obtained with TiO2 prepared from Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4 or TiCl4, but at an elevated temperature (above 773 K) in the reduction treatment applied, it showed a suppressed activity. Pd particles on ZrO2 support gave a high value of TF when the Pd/ZrO2 catalyst was calcined in air at an elevated temperature (873–1073 K). The findings about the influence of heat treatment suggest that thermal stabilization of the ZrO2 support would play an important role in the development of catalytic properties of Pd. TF curves for the methanol decomposition over TiO2- and ZrO2-supported Pd catalysts change discontinously at about 10 Å of Pd particle size. In the case of Al2O3 support, characteristic behavior of TF curve are significantly different from those observed in the case of TiO2 and ZrO2 supports.
Mechanism of Delocalization of σ-Electrons from Bonds to Bonds. Conformationally Dependent Delocalization between Geminal Bonds in Antiperiplanar Effects
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Mori Yoshio , Goto Naomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A theory is presented for bond-to-bond delocalization of σ-electrons and applied to the antiperiplanar effects including anomeric and gauche effects. The delocalization between geminal bonds is, surprisingly, dependent on the conformation. The geminal delocalization from the intervening bond between donor and acceptor bonds to the latter is proposed to be important as well as the vicinal delocalization from the donor to acceptor bond. Each delocalization is controlled by the orbital phase.
Solvent Influence on UV, 59Co, and 13C NMR of [Co(CN)6]3− and Its Solvation Site
Authors: Taura Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic absorption (UV) spectrum, 59Co, and 13C NMR of potassium hexacyanocobaltate(III), K3[Co(CN)6], were measured in water and a variety of organic solvents: ethylene glycol, methanol, formamide, ethanol, chloroform, nitromethane, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzonitrile, and nitrobenzene. The complex salt was dissolved in organic solvents by macrobicyclic polyether, cryptand 222. It was found that the spectra are influenced by the solvent, and vary according to the electrophilic ability (Gutmann’s acceptor number) of solvents. Especially, the 13C NMR chemical shifts of coordinated cyano carbons (octet) have shifted downfield as the acceptor number becomes larger. This means that the solvent influence is caused by direct interaction between the ligand CN− and solvent molecules as electron acceptors. The result concerning the linear correlation between the solvent influence on the peak position (nm) of the first d–d transition band and on the chemical shift of 59Co NMR suggests that this influence is due to the d–d transition-energy change of [Co(CN)6]3 by solvation. Finally, the plausible structure of the outersphere complex of [Co(CN)6]3− with solvent molecules is proposed on the basis of the result obtained and an examination of molecular models.
Stereoselective Isomerization and Racemization of (N-Methyliminodiacetato)(ethylenediamine-N-acetato)cobalt(III), [Co(mida)(edma)], in a Basic Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Tsuji Kenji , Ama Tomoharu , Yasui Takaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Isomerization reactions of four geometrical isomers (pink, violet, brown, and light-brown) of [Co(mida)(edma)] were studied in a basic aqueous solution. In a reaction of the (−)565CD-pink isomer, two isomers of (−)561CD-brown and racemic light-brown formed simultaneously. The light-brown isomer isomerized mainly to the brown isomer. In reactions of the (+)572CD-violet and (+)561CD-brown isomers, the formations of other isomers were not observed but the racemizations occurred. The racemization reaction of the (+)572CD-violet isomer proceeded at a considerable rate. These reactions are discussed in connection with those for the [Co(ida)(edma)] system.
Substituent Effects. XVIII. The Resonance Demand in the Acetolysis of Neophyl Brosylates
Authors: Fujio Mizue , Goto Mutsuo , Mishima Masaaki , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The substituent effect in the acetolysis of neophyl brosylates was analyzed statistically based on the Yukawa–Tsuno LArSR equation. Though the Brown ρ+σ+ equation did not provide a linear correlation, the LArSR equation gave an excellent linear correlation with an r value of 0.57, substantiating our basic LArSR concept of varying resonance demands with different systems. For a statistical examination of the reliability of this nonunity r value, the change in the standard deviation of the LArSR correlation was followed as a function of varying r by an iterative least-squares method. The r value of the neophyl solvolysis must have sufficient statistical significance to distinguish between the LArSR and simple Brown ρ+σ+ correlations of this system. The significance of the best-fit correlation was found to strongly depend upon the number and combination as well as the range of the effective substituents. The study was extended to various aryl-assisted processes of complex mechanisms, solvolyses of 2-arylethyl, 2-aryl-1-methylethyl, 2-aryl-1-methylpropyl, and (1-arylcyclobutyl)methyl arenesulfonates. A precise dissection analysis of non-crossover kΔ and ks processes has been realized by the Gauss–Newton type nonlinear least-squares method based on the assumption of LArSR correlations for both processes. The generality of the unique rΔ value of neophyl solvolysis was verified regarding these β-aryl-assisted processes. The substituent effect on the kΔ process can be characterized far more appropriately in terms of the \barσΔ of r=0.6, rather than σ+ of r=1.00.
Substituent Effects. XXI. Solvolysis of Benzyl Tosylates
Authors: Fujio Mizue , Goto Mutsuo , Susuki Toshihiro , Akasaka Izumi , Mishima Masaaki , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of solvolyses of a series of substituted benzyl tosylates were determined in 80% aqueous acetone, and the substituent effect was analyzed based on the Yukawa–Tsuno LArSR Eq. The LArSR Eq. as well as Hammett–Brown treatment failed to give any simple linear plot for the effect of the full range of substituents, indicating a significant mechanistic shift. The σ+ plot gave a split pattern of parallel curvatures with significant gaps for strong π-donors, weak π-donors, and non-conjugative substituents, respectively. The widely split σ+ plot conflicts with the accepted interpretation in terms of the kc–ks mechanistic transition, since the kc–ks mechanistic change should result in a single smooth-curved plot, only if plotted against an appropriate substituent constant scale. The plots of para π-donors against an appropriate \barσ scale with r=1.3 coalesced into a single smooth curve including the meta correlation curve. A sufficiently linear LArSR plot with r=1.3 for the reactive substituents down to 4-MeS-3-CN group can be referred to the substituent effect correlation for the kc mechanism of this system. The result of a correlation analysis confirmed this conclusion, giving a best ρ value of −5.23 and an r value of 1.28 for a range of substituents more activating than 4-MeS-3-CN. The r value for the kc solvolysis of activated range of substituents was found to be identical with the r value obtained for the gas-phase stability of benzyl cation. The enhanced resonance demand (r=1.28) obtained in the benzyl solvolysis must be an intrinsic feature characterizing the nature of the transition state of kc solvolysis of benzyl tosylate, rather than a correlational artifact of the nonlinearity caused from mechanistic complexity.
Chemisty on Isoindoles. Novel Synthesis of Various Functionalized Isoindoles from 2,3-Dicyanobenzaldehyde
Authors: Sato Ryu , Endoh Hidenori , Abe Akihito , Yamaichi Shizuko , Goto Takehiko , Saito Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various isoindoles having carbonyl, imino, cyano, formyl, and hydroxymethyl groups on the pyrrole or benzene ring were synthesized by new reactions of synthetically versatile 2,3-dicyanobenzaldehyde with a variety of nucleophiles. The obtained isoindoles were further converted to some functionalized isoindoles and phthalazine via recyclization with sodium borohydride and hydrazine. Whereas, N-(2,3-dicyanobenzylidene)anilines, obtained by treating 2,3-dicyanobenzaldehyde with aniline derivatives reacted with elemental sulfur in liquid ammonia or diethylamine to give 7-cyano-2,3-dihydro-3-(4-substituted phenylimino)-1H-isoindole-1-thiones, which were converted into 3-alkylthio-4-cyano-N-(4-substituted phenyl)-1H-isoindol-1-imines by alkylation with alkyl halides in the presence of phase-transfer catalyst.
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of 5-Deoxy-5-[(R)- and (S)-methylphosphinyl]-α,β-d-manno- and -l-gulopyranoses
Authors: Hanaya Tadashi , Ohmori Katsuhiko , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Armour Margaret-Ann , Hogg Alan M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl 5,6-dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-6-nitro-α-d-lyxo-hex-5-enofuranoside (10) was prepared from d-mannose in 7 steps. Addition of methyl methylphosphinate to 10, followed by the catalytic hydrogenation and diazotization, afforded methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-[(methoxy)methylphosphinyl]-α-d-lyxo-hexofuranoside, which was then converted into 6-O-triphenylmethyl and 6-O-tetrahydropyranyl derivatives (14, 15). By reduction with sodium dihydrobis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminate, followed by acid hydrolysis, both 14 and 15 provided the d-mannopyranoses (together with a minor proportion of l-gulopyranoses) having a methylphosphinylidene group in place of the ring oxygen. These were converted into 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl derivatives, whose structures and conformations were established by spectroscopy.
Antibacterial Activity of Amphipathic Basic Peptides with a Long Acyl Group and Their Interaction with Phospholipid Bilayers
Authors: Nakamura Hiroshi , Aoyagi Haruhiko , Lee Sannamu , Ono Shin , Kato Tetsuo , Murata Yoshio , Sugihara Gohsuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The antibacterial activities of CH3(CH2)nCO–(Leu–Ala–Arg–Leu)–3-NHCH3 (1, n=0; 2, n=3; 3, n=8; 4, n=14) and their interaction with phospholipid bilayers were examined. Their order in the antibacterial activity was 1&gt;2&gt;3&gt;4 against Gram-positive bacteria and 2&gt;1&gt;3&gt;4 against Gram-negative bacteria: the activity of 4 was essentially negative. The CD study indicated that the α-helical content of 3 and 4 was higher than that of 1 and 2. Peptides 1–3 effectively showed a dye-leakage ability, while the ability of 4 was weak. The DSC measurement indicated that the membrane-stabilizing effect of the acyl group in 4 fairly compensated for the destabilizing effect of the hydrophobic peptide moiety. These results imply that no antibacterial activity of 4 is correlated to a strong interaction of the acyl group in 4 with the acyl chain in DPPC to stabilize the membrane.
An Efficient Generation and Selective Aldol Reaction of the Boryl Enolates of N,N-Dialkyl-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanamides
Authors: Kuroboshi Manabu , Ishihara Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Successive treatment of N,N-dialkyl-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropanamide with dibutylboryl triflate at 0°C and with ethyldiisopropylamine at −10°C resulted in clean formation of the boryl enolate of the amide, which readily reacted with various aldehydes to give the corresponding 2-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-trifluoromethylalkanamides with high threo-selectivity and in good yields.