bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability, feasibility and preliminary effects of an online group psychotherapy intervention for adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Tutelman Perri R. , Moran Chelsea , Beattie Sara M. , Khu Melanie , Howlett Melissa , Scheidl Jessica , Boychuk April , Silveira Kristen , Henning Jan‐Willem , Schulte Fiona S. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 15–29 years) diagnosed with cancer are increasingly recognized as an oncology population with distinct psychosocial needs. However, few specialized psychosocial interventions for AYAs currently exist. This study reports on the development of a novel group‐based psychotherapy intervention to address the psychosocial needs of AYAs. The objective was to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effects of the intervention.MethodsThe manualized group psychotherapy program is delivered virtually over an 8‐week period by registered psychologists. Four groups (n = 5–11 AYAs per group) with a total of N = 33 participants (Mage = 20.97 years, SD = 3.68, range = 15–29 years, 76% women) were conducted. Recruitment and retention data assessed intervention feasibility. Patient‐reported psychosocial outcomes were measured at baseline and immediately following the intervention to assess preliminary effects. Acceptability was assessed following the intervention using a self‐report measure of participant satisfaction.ResultsOverall, the completion rate of the intervention was 85% (n = 28). All participants “strongly agreed” (88%) or “agreed” (13%) that they were satisfied with the group. Meeting, sharing experiences, and expressing feelings with other AYAs were identified as the most helpful aspects. Participants reported significant improvements in emotional (p < 0.05) and functional (p < 0.01) quality of life from baseline to immediately post‐intervention with medium effect sizes (d = 0.58–0.70).ConclusionsFindings suggest that the intervention is feasible, acceptable, and shows promise for improving psychosocial outcomes for AYAs. Further research will refine the intervention and establish efficacy in a randomized trial.
Investigation, Monitoring, and Simulation of Permafrost on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau: A Review
Authors: Zhao Lin , Hu Guojie , Liu Guangyue , Zou Defu , Wang Yuanwei , Xiao Yao , Du Erji , Wang Chong , Xing Zanpin , Sun Zhe , Zhao Yonghua , Liu Shibo , Zhang Yuxin , Wang Lingxiao , Zhou Huayun , Zhao Jianting 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) is the largest permafrost region in the world at low and middle latitudes and high elevation. Permafrost is being degraded on the QTP due to global warming, which has a significant effect on regional climate, hydrological, and ecological processes. This paper provides a summary of recent progress in methods used in permafrost research, the permafrost distribution, and basic data relevant to permafrost research on the QTP. The area of permafrost was 1.32 × 106 km2 over the QTP, which accounts for approximately 46% of the QTP. Moreover, simulation studies of the hydrothermal process and permafrost change were reviewed and evaluated the effect of permafrost degradation on hydrological and ecological processes. The results revealed that the effects of permafrost on runoff were closely related to soil temperature, and the effect of permafrost degradation on the carbon cycle requires further study. Finally, current challenges in simulation of permafrost change processes on the QTP were discussed, emphasizing that permafrost degradation under climate change is a slow and non‐linear process. This review will aid future studies examining the mechanism underlying the interaction between permafrost and climate change, and environmental protection in permafrost regions on the QTP.
Mass spectral characterisation of cyclic oligoesters in a biodegradable mulch film
Authors: Monkley Charlie , Reay Michaela K. , Evershed Richard P. , Lloyd Charlotte E. M. 
Published: March 2024

RationalePlastic mulch film manages weed growth and moisture loss on the surface of cropping beds. The chemical components of such plastics include polymer(s), additives and non‐intentionally added substances (NIASs). The unknown chemical nature and behaviours of these constituents require investigation due to their potential to add to the anthropogenic chemical burden in the agrifood system.MethodsSolvent extracts of a commercial 15% polylactic acid (PLA)/85% poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) mulch film were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with electron ionisation to characterise the additive and NIAS components. The obscurity of some of the NIASs meant their identification was not readily achieved through routine MS library comparisons. As such, the identification of several polymer‐derived compounds required interpretation of the MS data and re‐application of the derived fragmentation patterns with reference to the wider literature. Unknowns were confirmed using commercially available compounds.ResultsUnknown NIASs were identified as cyclic oligoesters comprised of the monomeric building blocks of the polymer system. Cyclic structures derived from the monomers of polybutylene adipate (PBA) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) fragmented through a primary pathway involving 1,5‐ and 1,3‐H transfers at ester linkages. Characteristic ions at m/z 111, 129, 183 and 201 for PBA‐derived cyclic oligoesters and m/z 104, 132, 149 and 221 for PBT‐derived cyclic oligoesters were assigned in the mass spectra of unknowns. Cyclic oligoesters containing sebacate moieties were also identified, indicating the presence of polybutylene sebacate as an unexpected component of the mulch.ConclusionsSystematic analyses of the sort reported here are valuable for providing alternative approaches for the identification of plastic‐related chemicals. Open publication of MS spectral data is required to build a greater understanding of the mulch film chemical components contributing to the environmental chemical load introduced to agroecosystems.
The inhibition of MARCO by PolyG alleviates pulmonary fibrosis via regulating mitochondrial function in a silicotic rat model
Authors: Chang Meiyu , Li Ning , Zhou Qiang , Yan Yaomin , Xu Weiwei , Zhao Yingzheng , Yao Sanqiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilicon dioxide (SiO2)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis is potentially associated with the impairment of mitochondrial function. Previous research found that inhibition of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) could alleviate particle‐induced lung injury by regulating phagocytosis and mitigating mitochondrial damage. The present study aims to explore the underlying anti‐fibrosis mechanism of polyguanylic acid (PolyG, MARCO inhibitor) in a silicotic rat model. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining were performed to visualize lung tissue pathological changes. Confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscope, western blot analysis, quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content assay were performed to evaluate collagen content, mitochondrial function, and morphology changes in SiO2‐induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. The results suggested that SiO2 exposure contributed to reactive oxygen species aggregation and the reduction of respiratory complexes and ATP synthesis. PolyG treatment could effectively reduce MARCO expression and ameliorate lung injury and fibrosis by rectifying the imbalance of mitochondrial respiration and energy synthesis. Furthermore, PolyG could maintain mitochondrial homeostasis by promoting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐coactivator 1 α (PGC1α)‐mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and regulating fusion and fission. Together, PolyG could ameliorate SiO2‐induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting MARCO to protect mitochondrial function.
Left medial liver lobe torsion with secondary bicavitary effusion and septic peritonitis in a dog with an acute kidney injury following ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Johnson Carley , Spartz Kimberly , Erickson Andrea K. , Finstad Joanna , Carson Brittney 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 7‐month‐old, spayed, female, mixed breed dog was referred for a 3‐day duration of elevated liver enzymes, azotaemia, anorexia and lethargy following ovariohysterectomy. Bloodwork showed non‐regenerative anaemia, inflammatory leukogram, moderate thrombocytopenia, severe azotaemia, severe mixed hepatopathy, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Point‐of‐care ultrasound identified free fluid and a heterogeneous mass in the mid‐ventral abdomen. Septic peritonitis was confirmed on cytology, and abdominal exploratory with left medial liver lobectomy was performed. Histopathology identified submassive hepatic necrosis and bridging fibrosis with biliary reaction, confirming a liver lobe torsion. The dog recovered perioperatively, but remained hospitalised to receive dialysis for severe renal dysfunction. The dog was transitioned to outpatient dialysis for several treatments. Unfortunately, kidney function continued to decline after dialysis was discontinued, and humane euthanasia was performed approximately 2 months postoperatively. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of liver lobe torsion following routine ovariohysterectomy in a dog.
Phase Separation and Long-Lived Metastable States in Colloid–Polymer Mixtures
Authors: Lekkerkerker Henk N. W. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen a dispersion containing spherical colloids is mixed with a polymer solution two kinds of instabilities can occur, as depicted in Fig. 4.1: (1) bridging flocculation caused by adsorbing polymer chains or (2) unmixing driven by the depletion force.
Multi-layer solid-state ultrasonic additive manufacturing of aluminum/copper: local properties and texture
Authors: Behvar Alireza , Shakil Shawkat I. , Pirgazi Hadi , Norfolk Mark , Haghshenas Meysam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUltrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is an advanced joining technique that utilizes ultrasonic vibrations to bond layers of metal foil together. UAM offers several benefits over traditional manufacturing methods, including enhanced design flexibility and reduced material waste, and its potential applications in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering are being actively explored. The study employs a nanoindentation apparatus to investigate the effect of the UAM process on the local mechanical properties of the bonded interface, along with changes in microstructure, which were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction. The results revealed a significant correlation between material hardness and local plasticity. EBSD has revealed that the grain size distribution of Al far from the interface contains 57% of the grains less than 3 µm in size, while at the interface this number rises to approximately 78%, indicating that the average grain size decreases as it approaches the interface. This result is consistent with nanoindentation results that demonstrated a gradual change in the hardness of Al foil far from the interface to close to the interface (the maximum penetration depth near the interface was 500 nm less than far from the interface). Both EBSD and nanoindentation disclose the effect of work hardening close to the interface, which is related to dislocation accumulation with a density of $$8.6\times {10}^{-10} {{\text{cm}}}^{-2}$$

8.6
×

10

-
10

cm

-
2

beneath the interface. The consistency of hardness and Young’s modulus with the pole figures and microscopic images demonstrated that plasticity flow and fine grain distribution would only occur in the vicinity of the interface in the softer metal region. Although the harder metal did not exhibit plasticity or recrystallization, the hardness, and Young’s modulus map indicated the formation of a layer of small grains close to the interface on the aluminum side owing to strain hardening and dynamic recrystallization.
Early history of the study of bone growth (1722–1875)
Authors: Bartoníček Jan , Naňka Ondřej 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Bone growth is a fascinating process, primarily due to its complexity. Equally engaging is the history of its study, which, however, remains unknown to most anatomists and surgeons.

Materials and methods
A literature search was performed in original publications and historical sources.

Results
The early history of bone growth study may be divided into two periods. Firstly, the experimental one, between 1722 and 1847, which consisted in the study of bone growth by the drilling of benchmark holes into the diaphysis, and examination of growing bones in madder-fed animals. In the course of one century, four French scientists (Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens, Gaspard Auguste Brullé and Frédéric Léopold Hugueny) and one British researcher (John Hunter) proved experimentally that the longitudinal growth of long bones occurred only at its epiphyseal ends and their final shape resulted from apposition and resorption processes taking place simultaneously both on the periosteal and intramedullary surfaces of the bone. In the second, the microscopic period (1836–1875), the physeal growth cartilage was discovered and described in detail, including its importance for the longitudinal growth of long bones. The first description of growth cartilage was published by a Swiss anatomist Miescher in 1836. Subsequently, this structure was studied by a number of English, German and French anatomists and surgeons. This whole period was concluded by Alfred Kölliker´s extensive study of bone resorption and its significance for typical bone shapes and Karl Langer´s study of the vascular supply of the growing and mature bone.

Conclusion
Research by French, English, German and Swiss scientists between 1727 and 1875 yielded fundamental insights into the growth of long bones, most of which are still valid today.
Spatially resolved measurement of the electrostatic charge of turbulent powder flows
Authors: Xu Wenchao , Jantač Simon , Matsuyama Tatsushi , Grosshans Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article reports on measurements of the electrostatic charge of particles in a turbulent duct flow. In contrast to previous charge measurements, which do not apply to turbulent flows or give only the sum of all particles’ charges, the new method resolves the charge of a turbulent powder flow spatially. The experiment consists of a particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) system and electrode plates that generate an electric field. By comparing particle velocities and accelerations with and without the electric field, the time-averaged local particle charge profile is derived. Spatially resolving the charge profiles unveiled bipolar particle flow. The average of the charge profiles agreed well with a conventional Faraday pail measurement, demonstrating the accuracy of our measurements. However, the peak value of the charge profiles was 76 times higher than the average of the particles’ charge.
Incorporation mechanisms and infrared absorption coefficients of water in MgSiO3 orthoenstatite clarified via comprehensive NMR and vibrational spectroscopic measurements, and first-principles calculations
Authors: Xue Xianyu , Kanzaki Masami , Djirar Abd-Erraouf , Gregson Chris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe performed1H and29Si NMR and infrared measurements, and first-principles calculations to clarify the nature of OH defects in MgSiO3orthoenstatite. An orthoenstatite sample synthesized at 7 GPa and 1200 °C from a composition of MgSiO3 + 0.1 wt% H2O yielded two1H MAS NMR peaks near 5.9 and 7.6 ppm that are correlated in 2D NMR spectra, and two infrared bands near 3361 and 3066 cm− 1that correspond to the previously reported A3 and A4 bands. The first-principles calculations confirmed that they are due to a pair of protons in a Mg (M2) vacancy. The previously reported A1 and A2 infrared bands near 3687 and 3592 cm− 1for orthoenstatite synthesized at low silica activities were confirmed to arise from four protons in a SiB vacancy. The latter is predicted to give two additional OH stretching bands associated with two strongly hydrogen-bonded O3b-H bonds with frequencies below the spectral range reported thus far. The previously reported infrared absorption coefficients were thus revised to account for the undetected bands.1H NMR may be used to quantitatively detect all four protons (expected at 1–12 ppm). Other mantle minerals should also be examined for potentially overlooked OH defects with strong hydrogen bonding.
Heterozygous loss-of-function variants in DOCK4 cause neurodevelopmental delay and microcephaly
Authors: Herbst Charlotte , Bothe Viktoria , Wegler Meret , Axer-Schaefer Susanne , Audebert-Bellanger Séverine , Gecz Jozef , Cogne Benjamin , Feldman Hagit Baris , Horn Anselm H. C. , Hurst Anna C. E. , Kelly Melissa A. , Kruer Michael C. , Kurolap Alina , Laquerriere Annie , Li Megan , Mark Paul R. , Morawski Markus , Nizon Mathilde , Pastinen Tomi , Polster Tilman , Saugier-Veber Pascale , SeSong Jang , Sticht Heinrich , Stieler Jens T. , Thifffault Isabelle , van Eyk Clare L. , Marcorelles Pascale , Vezain-Mouchard Myriam , Abou Jamra Rami , Oppermann Henry 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurons form the basic anatomical and functional structure of the nervous system, and defects in neuronal differentiation or formation of neurites are associated with various psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Dynamic changes in the cytoskeleton are essential for this process, which is, inter alia, controlled by the dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) through the activation of RAC1. Here, we clinically describe 7 individuals (6 males and one female) with variants in DOCK4 and overlapping phenotype of mild to severe global developmental delay. Additional symptoms include coordination or gait abnormalities, microcephaly, nonspecific brain malformations, hypotonia and seizures. Four individuals carry missense variants (three of them detected de novo) and three individuals carry null variants (two of them maternally inherited). Molecular modeling of the heterozygous missense variants suggests that the majority of them affect the globular structure of DOCK4. In vitro functional expression studies in transfected Neuro-2A cells showed that all missense variants impaired neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, Dock4 knockout Neuro-2A cells also exhibited defects in promoting neurite outgrowth. Our results, including clinical, molecular and functional data, suggest that loss-of-function variants in DOCK4 probable cause a variable spectrum of a novel neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly.
$$\alpha _i$$-Metric Graphs: Radius, Diameter and all Eccentricities
Authors: Dragan Feodor F. , Ducoffe Guillaume 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe extend known results on chordal graphs and distance-hereditary graphs to much larger graph classes by using only a common metric property of these graphs. Specifically, a graph is called $$\alpha _i$$

α
i

-metric ($$i\in {\mathcal {N}}$$

i
∈
N

) if it satisfies the following $$\alpha _i$$

α
i

-metric property for every vertices u, w, v and x: if a shortest path between u and w and a shortest path between x and v share a terminal edge vw, then $$d(u,x)\ge d(u,v) + d(v,x)-i$$

d
(
u
,
x
)
≥
d
(
u
,
v
)
+
d
(
v
,
x
)
-
i

. Roughly, gluing together any two shortest paths along a common terminal edge may not necessarily result in a shortest path but yields a “near-shortest” path with defect at most i. It is known that $$\alpha _0$$

α
0

-metric graphs are exactly ptolemaic graphs, and that chordal graphs and distance-hereditary graphs are $$\alpha _i$$

α
i

-metric for $$i=1$$

i
=
1

and $$i=2$$

i
=
2

, respectively. We show that an additive O(i)-approximation of the radius, of the diameter, and in fact of all vertex eccentricities of an $$\alpha _i$$

α
i

-metric graph can be computed in total linear time. Our strongest results are obtained for $$\alpha _1$$

α
1

-metric graphs, for which we prove that a central vertex can be computed in subquadratic time, and even better in linear time for so-called $$(\alpha _1,\varDelta )$$

(

α
1

,
Δ
)

-metric graphs (a superclass of chordal graphs and of plane triangulations with inner vertices of degree at least 7). The latter answers a question raised in Dragan (Inf Probl Lett 154:105873, 2020), 2020). Our algorithms follow from new results on centers and metric intervals of $$\alpha _i$$

α
i

-metric graphs. In particular, we prove that the diameter of the center is at most $$3i+2$$

3
i
+
2

(at most 3, if $$i=1$$

i
=
1

). The latter partly answers a question raised in Yushmanov and Chepoi (Math Probl Cybernet 3:217–232, 1991).
Synthesis of N-acetylglucosamine analogues modified at C6 position with azido-derived moieties
Authors: Alagia Massimo , Taglietti Lorenzo , La Ferla Barbara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report a simple synthetic scheme for the preparation of several azido-derived analogues of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). The synthesis of GlcNAc analogues has been achieved through a straightforward approach starting from GlcNAc-OMe via an intermediate C6 azido derivative. Products reported in this work were then obtained respectively by azido-alkyne cycloaddition reactions and reductive derivatizations of the same azido-intermediate. This synthetic pathway presents different possibilities of functionalization that can be exploited for the preparation of novel GlcNAc-based drugs.
Graphical abstract
From pixels to prognosis: Imaging biomarkers for discrimination and outcome prediction of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Gotta Jennifer , Gruenewald Leon D. , Martin Simon S. , Booz Christian , Mahmoudi Scherwin , Eichler Katrin , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Biciusca Teodora , Reschke Philipp , Juergens Lisa-Joy , Onay Melis , Herrmann Eva , Scholtz Jan-Erik , Sommer Christof M. , Vogl Thomas J. , Koch Vitali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recent advancements in medical imaging have transformed diagnostic assessments, offering exciting possibilities for extracting biomarker-based information. This study aims to investigate the capabilities of a machine learning classifier that incorporates dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) radiomics. The primary focus is on discerning and predicting outcomes related to pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods
The study included 131 participants who underwent pulmonary artery DECT angiography between January 2015 and March 2022. Among them, 104 patients received the final diagnosis of PE and 27 patients served as a control group. A total of 107 radiomic features were extracted for every case based on DECT imaging. The dataset was divided into training and test sets for model development and validation. Stepwise feature reduction identified the most relevant features, which were used to train a gradient-boosted tree model. Receiver operating characteristics analysis and Cox regression tests assessed the association of texture features with overall survival.

Results
The trained machine learning classifier achieved a classification accuracy of 0.94 for identifying patients with acute PE with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91. Radiomics features could be valuable for predicting outcomes in patients with PE, demonstrating strong prognostic capabilities in survival prediction (c-index, 0.991 [0.979–1.00], p = 0.0001) with a median follow-up of 130 days (IQR, 38–720). Notably, the inclusion of clinical or DECT parameters did not enhance predictive performance.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study underscores the promising potential of leveraging radiomics on DECT imaging for the identification of patients with acute PE and predicting their outcomes. This approach has the potential to improve clinical decision-making and patient management, offering efficiencies in time and resources by utilizing existing DECT imaging without the need for an additional scoring system.