bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome prioritization and preferences among older adults with cancer starting chemotherapy in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis Enrique , Dale William , Katheria Vani , Kim Heeyoung , Fakih Marwan , Chung Vincent M. , Lim Dean , Mortimer Joanne , Cabrera Chien Leana , Charles Kemeberly , Roberts Elsa , Vazquez Jessica , Moreno Jeanine , Lee Ty , Fernandes Dos Santos Hughes Simone , Sedrak Mina S. , Sun Can‐Lan , Li Daneng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionOlder adults with cancer facing competing treatments must prioritize between various outcomes. This study assessed health outcome prioritization among older adults with cancer starting chemotherapy.MethodsSecondary analysis of a randomized trial addressing vulnerabilities in older adults with cancer. Patients completed three validated outcome prioritization tools: 1) Health Outcomes Tool: prioritizes outcomes (survival, independence, symptoms) using a visual analog scale; 2) Now vs. Later Tool: rates the importance of quality of life at three times—today versus 1 or 5 years in the future; and 3) Attitude Scale: rates agreement with outcome‐related statements. The authors measured the proportion of patients prioritizing various outcomes and evaluated their characteristics.ResultsA total of 219 patients (median [range] age 71 [65–88], 68% with metastatic disease) were included. On the Health Outcomes Tool, 60.7% prioritized survival over other outcomes. Having localized disease was associated with choosing survival as top priority. On the Now vs. Later Tool, 50% gave equal importance to current versus future quality of life. On the Attitude Scale, 53.4% disagreed with the statement “the most important thing to me is living as long as I can, no matter what my quality of life is”; and 82.2% agreed with the statement “it is more important to me to maintain my thinking ability than to live as long as possible”.ConclusionAlthough survival was the top priority for most participants, some older individuals with cancer prioritize other outcomes, such as cognition and function. Clinicians should elicit patient‐defined priorities and include them in decision‐making.
Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma in the frontal sinus: An intriguing clinical encounter—A detailed case report
Authors: Babaheidarian Pegah , Mokhles Parisa , Mohebbi Saleh , Shahnazari Razieh , Karimi Nasser , Ghazinia Donya , Karaji Sina , Shirzadi Shahriar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsammomatoid ossifying fibroma (POF) is a rare craniofacial neoplasm, primarily affecting the maxillofacial region, and typically observed in adolescents and young adults. This case report presents a unique occurrence of POF in a 50‐year‐old male, defying the conventional age range and exhibiting an unusual anatomical location within the frontal sinus.CaseA 50‐year‐old male with a prior history of cecal adenocarcinoma and colectomy presented with left eye proptosis and new‐onset headaches. Imaging revealed a well‐defined calcified mass in the left frontal sinus, leading to a diagnosis of POF. Open surgical resection was performed to remove the tumor, and histopathological evaluation confirmed its diagnosis as psammomatoid ossifying fibroma. The patient exhibited no postoperative complications or signs of recurrence.ConclusionThis case underscores the diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges associated with POF, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary collaboration. Further research is needed to explore the genetic underpinnings and optimal management strategies for this intriguing condition.
Extrapleural pneumonectomy for sarcoma: Outcomes of adult patients at a specialized center
Authors: Zhang Betty Y. , Wilson‐Smith Ashley R. , Connolly Elizabeth A. , Strach Madeleine C. , Ussher Nathan , Yan Tristan , Bhadri Vivek A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) is a complex surgical procedure involving en‐bloc resection of the parietal and visceral pleura, lung, pericardium, and ipsilateral diaphragm. Small case series of pleural‐based sarcoma of predominantly pediatric patients suggest EPP may be a life‐prolonging surgical option. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of adults who underwent EPP at a specialized sarcoma center.MethodsClinicopathologic variables, surgical details, and follow‐up information were extracted for patients undergoing EPP for pleural‐based sarcoma between August 2017 and December 2020. Primary outcomes were event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) from the date of EPP. Secondary outcomes were disease‐free interval (DFI) prior to EPP, and early and late postoperative complications.ResultsEight patients were identified, seven with soft tissue sarcoma and one with bone sarcoma. Patients had either localized disease with a primary thoracic sarcoma, sarcoma recurrent to the thorax, or de novo metastatic disease. All patients underwent resection of their pleural‐based sarcoma by an experienced cardiothoracic surgeon, and some patients had pre or postoperative treatment. The perioperative morbidity was comparable with previously published reports of EPP performed in mesothelioma patients. At median follow‐up of 22.5 months, median EFS was 6.0 months and OS was 20.7 months. Six patients (75%) had disease recurrence; five (62.5%) died of progressive disease. Two patients (25%) had not recurred: one died of a radiation‐related esophageal rupture, and one was alive with no evidence of disease at 37.0 months. Characteristics of those with the longest EFS included low‐grade histology and achieving a metabolic response to preoperative chemotherapy.ConclusionsIn adults with pleural‐based sarcoma, EPP is rarely curative but appears to be a feasible salvage procedure when performed at specialized centers. Patient selection is critical with strong consideration given to multimodal therapy to optimize patient outcomes. In the absence of a confirmed response to neoadjuvant treatment, long term survival is poor and EPP should not be recommended.
Pan‐cancer analyses of immunogenic cell death‐derived gene signatures: Potential biomarkers for prognosis and immunotherapy
Authors: Han Xiaodan , Song Di , Cui Yongliang , Shi Yonggang , Gu Xiaobin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death that is capable of initiating an adaptive immune response. Induction of ICD may be a potential treatment strategy, as it has been demonstrated to activate the tumor‐specific immune response.AimsThe biomarkers of ICD and their relationships with the tumor microenvironment, clinical features, and immunotherapy response are not fully understood in a clinical context. Therefore, we conducted pan‐cancer analyses of ICD gene signatures across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.Methods and ResultsWe identified key genes that had strong relationships with survival and the tumor microenvironment, contributing to a better understanding of the role of ICD genes in cancer therapy. In addition, we predicted therapeutic agents that target ICD genes and explored the potential mechanisms by which gemcitabine induce ICD. Moreover, we developed an ICD score based on the ICD genes and found it to be associated with patient prognosis, clinical features, tumor microenvironment, radiotherapy access, and immunotherapy response. A high ICD score was linked to the immune‐hot phenotype, while a low ICD score was linked to the immune‐cold phenotype.ConclusionWe uncovered the potential of ICD gene signatures as comprehensive biomarkers for ICD in pan‐cancer. Our research provides novel insights into immuno‐phenotypic assessment and cancer therapeutic strategies, which could help to broaden the application of immunotherapy to benefit more patients.
CO Oxidation Mechanism of Silver‐Substituted Mo/Cu CO‐Dehydrogenase – Analogies and Differences to the Native Enzyme
Authors: Rovaletti Anna , Moro Giorgio , Cosentino Ugo , Ryde Ulf , Greco Claudio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aerobic oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide is catalysed by the Mo/Cu‐containing CO‐dehydrogenase enzyme in the soil bacterium Oligotropha carboxidovorans, enabling the organism to grow on the small gas molecule as carbon and energy source. It was shown experimentally that silver can be substituted for copper in the active site of Mo/Cu CODH to yield a functional enzyme. In this study, we employed QM/MM calculations to investigate whether the reaction mechanism of the silver‐substituted enzyme is similar to that of the native enzyme. Our results suggest that the Ag‐substituted enzyme can oxidize CO and release CO2 following the same reaction steps as the native enzyme, with a computed rate‐limiting step of 10.4 kcal/mol, consistent with experimental findings. Surprisingly, lower activation energies for C−O bond formation have been found in the presence of silver. Furthermore, comparison of rate constants for reduction of copper‐ and silver‐containing enzymes suggests a discrepancy in the transition state stabilization upon silver substitution. We also evaluated the effects that differences in the water‐active site interaction may exert on the overall energy profile of catalysis. Finally, the formation of a thiocarbonate intermediate along the catalytic pathway was found to be energetically unfavorable for the Ag‐substituted enzyme. This finding aligns with the hypothesis proposed for the wild‐type form, suggesting that the creation of such species may not be necessary for the enzymatic catalysis of CO oxidation.
Ethics in Mental Health Research with Haitian Migrants: Lessons from a Community‐Based Study in Santiago, Chile
Authors: McLaren Francesca , Mercado Mercedes , Montalva Nicolás , Watkins Loreto , Antipichun Andy , Cheristil Judeline , Rocha‐Jiménez Teresita 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTMigration research poses several unique challenges and opportunities. Conducting ethical global health practice, especially when studying migrant mental health, is of particular concern. This article explores seven challenges and lessons learned in our mixed‐methods study conducted to assess the impact of the migration experience on Haitian migrants’ mental health in Santiago, Chile. The primary challenges were recruiting in a highly mobile population, building trust and community participation, overcoming language barriers, safety considerations during the Covid‐19 pandemic, mitigating potential negative impacts of research on the community, providing psychological support, and finding meaningful ways to benefit the community. We propose moving toward a better and more ethical migrant research practice by ensuring language accessibility, hiring community members for the study team, working with local institutions and nongovernmental organizations, and maintaining sustainable connections.
Use of a mobile plant identification application and the out‐of‐school learning method in biodiversity education
Authors: Coşkunserçe Ozan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractToday, many students are no longer able to identify plants and researchers use the term “plant blindness” to describe students' ignorance of plant species. Knowledge of plant species is among the factors that best support an interest in and understanding of environmental issues, biodiversity, and a sustainable lifestyle. With the help of mobile technologies, it is thought that the knowledge level of students about herb and tree varieties can be increased outside of class hours and in outdoor education. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the use of the PlantNet mobile application and the out‐of‐school learning method on the knowledge levels of 5th‐grade students about the plant species in their environment and their behaviors demonstrating an understanding of biodiversity. For this purpose, at the beginning of the study, a plant species questionnaire and a biodiversity behavior questionnaire were applied to the students. Afterward, the students were asked to examine the plant species around them using the PlantNet mobile application. At the end of the activities, the data collection tools applied at the beginning of the study were applied again. It was determined that the students who participated in the activities displayed more biodiversity‐related behaviors than before they participated in the activities, and that the students were able to write down more herb and tree species at the end of the activities. In addition, as a result of the activities, a positive and high‐level relationship was found between the students' biodiversity‐related behaviors and the total number of plant species they knew.
The origin, connectivity, and individual specialization of island wolves after deer extirpation
Authors: Eriksson Charlotte E. , Roffler Gretchen H. , Allen Jennifer M. , Lewis Alex , Levi Taal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWolves are assumed to be ungulate obligates, however, a recently described pack on Pleasant Island, Alaska USA, is persisting on sea otters and other marine resources without ungulate prey, violating this long‐held assumption. We address questions about these wolves regarding their origin and fate, degree of isolation, risk of inbreeding depression, and diet specialization by individual and sex. We applied DNA metabarcoding and genotyping by amplicon sequencing using 957 scats collected from 2016 to 2022, and reduced representation sequencing of tissue samples to establish a detailed understanding of Pleasant Island wolf ecology and compare them with adjacent mainland wolves. Dietary overlap was higher among individual wolves on Pleasant Island (Pianka's index mean 0.95 ± 0.03) compared to mainland wolves (0.70 ± 0.21). The individual diets of island wolves were dominated by sea otter, ranging from 40.6% to 63.2% weighted percent of occurrence (wPOO) (mean 55.5 ± 8.7). In contrast, individual mainland wolves primarily fed on ungulates (42.2 ± 21.3) or voles during a population outbreak (31.2 ± 23.2). We traced the origin of the Pleasant Island pack to a mainland pair that colonized around 2013 and produced several litters. After this breeding pair was killed, their female offspring and an immigrant male became the new breeders in 2019. We detected 20 individuals of which 8 (40%) were trapped and killed while two died of natural causes during the 6‐year study. Except for the new breeding male, the pedigree analysis and genotype results showed no additional movement to or from the island, indicating limited dispersal but no evidence of inbreeding. Our findings suggest wolves exhibit more flexible foraging behavior than previously believed, and hunting strategies can substantially differ between individuals within or between packs. Nevertheless, anthropogenic and natural mortality combined with limited connectivity to the mainland may inhibit the continued persistence of Pleasant Island wolves.
The impact of SOX4‐activated CTHRC1 transcriptional activity regulating DNA damage repair on cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ai Cheng , Huang Zhenhao , Rong Tenghao , Shen Wang , Yang Fuyu , Li Qiang , Bi Lei , Li Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant subtype within the spectrum of lung malignancies. CTHRC1 has a pro‐oncogenic role in various cancers. Here, we observed the upregulation of CTHRC1 in LUAD, but its role in cisplatin resistance in LUAD remains unclear. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to detect CTHRC1 and SRY‐related HMG‐box 4 (SOX4) expression in LUAD. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis predicted the enriched pathways related to CTHRC1. JASPAR and MotifMap databases predicted upstream transcription factors of CTHRC1. Pearson analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between genes of interest. The interaction and binding relationship between CTHRC1 and SOX4 were validated through dual‐luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction determined the expression of CTHRC1 and SOX4 genes. CCK‐8 was performed to assess cell viability and calculate IC50 value. Flow cytometry examined the cell cycle. Comet assay and western blot assessed DNA damage. CTHRC1 and SOX4 were upregulated in LUAD. CTHRC1 exhibited higher expression in cisplatin‐resistant A549 cells compared to cisplatin‐sensitive A549 cells. Knockdown of CTHRC1 enhanced DNA damage during cisplatin treatment and increased the sensitivity of LUAD cells to cisplatin. Additionally, SOX4 modulated DNA damage repair (DDR) by activating CTHRC1 transcriptional activity, promoting cisplatin resistance in LUAD cells. SOX4 regulated DDR by activating CTHRC1, thereby enhancing cisplatin resistance in LUAD cells. The finding provides a novel approach to address clinical cisplatin resistance in LUAD, with CTHRC1 possibly serving as a candidate for targeted therapies in addressing cisplatin resistance within LUAD.
Groundwater Leaching Potential of Pesticides: A Historic Review and Critical Analysis
Authors: Araya German , Perfetti-Bolaño Alessandra , Sandoval Marco , Araneda Alberto , Barra Ricardo O. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We evaluated the main leaching indices that have been used for decades for the protection of groundwater against contamination by pesticides. We describe the index classifications in detail and discuss their advantages and limitations relative to their prediction value. Most of the indices have similarities in the types of parameters they use. Some of the similarities are basic physicochemical properties of the pesticides such as their water solubility and their organic carbon partition coefficient, as well as characteristics such as environmental persistence in the soil and some soil characteristics. It is very difficult to maintain a simple index with high predictive power. However, comparisons are allowed by many indices among different active ingredients before pesticides are classified according to the risk of being groundwater contaminants. In contrast, limitations are the scarce inclusion of pesticide byproducts in the ground, lack of prediction capacity for polar pesticides, and lack of prediction of the vulnerability of groundwater to being contaminated by pesticides. Despite the limitations of such approaches, they are of great utility, particularly for protection of groundwater from pesticide contamination when little information is available, which is the case in most developing countries and in countries with economies in transition. Caution is recommended in the analysis of information generated by these approximations, which ideally should be validated experimentally in the different application scenarios and the needs for pesticide assessment based on local information. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2478–2491. © 2024 SETAC
Knowing rape: Turning ethnoracialized victims into moral citizens in post‐apartheid South Africa
Authors: Rupcic Sonia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn South Africa, a disparate coalition of law enforcement, human rights workers, health officials, and activists claim that women don't know they have been raped. Claims of misrecognition typically follow from the observation that most women who experience gendered violence in South Africa do not report to the police and are especially leveled at Black women living in rural areas under the judicial authority of customary leaders. This article examines this assertion about not knowing gendered violence and the interventions it inspired. Dwelling on the story of one survivor's search for justice in Thohoyandou, South Africa, I argue that in the years following the transition from apartheid to democracy, a consensus coalesced around Black Indigenous women, who were seen as key political agents in post‐colonial nation‐building. During this time, knowing rape was touted as a gendered civic duty, one that enacted moral citizenship for the sake of a more orderly, democratic and vigorous multicultural nation. In spite of the consensus around knowing rape, “rape,” I suggest, remains an ambivalent sign for both those who encourage its recognition and for survivors. Amidst these disjunctures, survivors’ demands for justice often go denied.
Stability and purity of selected ryegrass Epichloë endophytes in New Zealand dairy pastures
Authors: Hume David E. , Luo Dongwen , Rennie Grant M. , King Warren M. , Taylor Anna L. , Faville Marty J. , Tozer Katherine N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPerennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in New Zealand pastures is typically infected with the mutualist Epichloë fungal endophyte. This endophyte assists the plant in resisting biotic and abiotic stresses, but the standard strain of endophyte is toxic to livestock. Elite ryegrasses with selected endophytes have been developed to provide protective properties to the grass plant and lessen or eliminate the negative impacts on livestock.MethodsUsing immunology and molecular techniques, the presence of endophyte infection and endophyte strain in ryegrass tillers was determined for 24 dairy pastures sampled for up to 7 years in regions of the North and South Islands.ResultsIn general, infection levels were high and showed small increases over time. Some pastures failed to reach 70% infection. The sown, selected endophytes were the dominant endophyte strains present and these were stable over time. Standard endophyte was the primary nonsown endophyte, and while generally low and so of little importance, it increased over time and for some pastures, this would have been detrimental to livestock. Pasture establishment technique influenced the level of contamination.ConclusionsResults reinforce the importance of following best practice procedures in the seed industry and on‐farm. Researchers should monitor trials for contaminating nonsown standard endophyte.
Evaluation of the effect of Nigella sativa oil on the outcome of missed abortion in women: A randomized double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Mohammadi Belgheis , Nazari Robati Leila , Tavakol Zeinab , Movahhed Mina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimDue to the concern about the side effects of chemical drugs and their ineffectiveness, the use of natural compounds as alternatives or complementary therapies has received increasing attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil on the outcome of missed abortion.MethodsIn this double‐blind clinical trial, 70 nulliparous pregnant women referred to Hajar Hospital and Imam Ali clinics of Shahrekord and had missed abortion before the 12‐week gestational age were selected and randomly divided into two interventions and control groups. The intervention group received 5 g of Nigella sativa oil alone daily for up to 3 days and the control group received a placebo. In case of nonresponse, 3 days after the last dose of medication or placebo, 800 μg of misoprostol (vaginal) were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t‐test and paired t‐test were used for analytical statistics.ResultsAccording to the results, 18 cases (51.4%) in the intervention group and seven cases (20%) in the control group showed complete evacuation of uterine contents which had a significant difference (p < 0.05). The frequency of vagina physical examination and type of hemorrhage did not show any significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention. After the intervention, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was significantly decreased in the intervention group but did not change in the control group (p < 0.05). The frequency of adverse events in the intervention group was three (8.6%) and in the control group was one (2.9%) which had no significant difference.ConclusionNigella sativa improves the outcome of missed abortion by reducing HCG and facilitating cervix dilatation and delivery of uterine contents.