bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic optimal investment strategy for net‐zero energy houses
Authors: Li Mengmou , Tanaka Taichi , Carnerero A. Daniel , Wasa Yasuaki , Hirata Kenji , Fujisaki Yasumasa , Ushifusa Yoshiaki , Hatanaka Takeshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this research, Net‐Zero Energy Houses (ZEHs) is investigated that harness regionally produced electricity from photovoltaic (PV) panels and fuel cells, integrating them into a local power system in pursuit of achieving carbon neutrality. This article examines the impact of electricity sharing among users who are working towards attaining ZEH status through the integration of PV panels and battery storage devices. Two potential scenarios are proposed: the first assumes that all users individually invest in storage devices, hence minimizing their costs on a local level without energy sharing; the second envisions cost minimization through the collective use of a shared storage device, managed by a central manager. These two scenarios are formulated as a stochastic convex optimization and a cooperative game, respectively. To tackle the stochastic challenges posed by multiple random variables, the Monte Carlo sample average approximation (SAA) is applied to obtain solvable deterministic convex problems. Last, to demonstrate the practical applicability of these models, the proposed scenarios are implemented in the Jono neighborhood in Kitakyushu, Japan.
Physiotherapie bei Kopfschmerzen vom Spannungstyp und Migräne
Authors: Schäfer Benjamin , Lüdtke Kerstin 
Published: March 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMigräne und Kopfschmerzen gehen oft mit Nackenschmerzen einher. Ob die Nackenschmerzen Symptom, Auslöser oder aufrechterhaltender Faktor der Kopfschmerzen sind, muss im Einzelfall durch eine Anamnese und eine evidenzbasierte Untersuchung festgestellt werden. Grundlage für diese Wechselwirkungen sind Konvergenzen des N. trigeminus mit afferenten Fasern der Spinalnerven C1–3 im trigeminalen Kerngebiet. Es existieren mittlerweile mehrere Übersichtsarbeiten, in denen muskuloskelettale Auffälligkeiten sowie die Wirksamkeit physiotherapeutischer Techniken analysiert werden. Demnach werden 5 physiotherapeutische Tests empfohlen, die bei Patienten mit Migräne häufiger positiv sind als bei Kontrollprobanden. In mehreren Reviews wird auf die Notwendigkeit einer Kombination von Techniken hingewiesen (Hands-off und Hands-on). Durch diese multimodalen Ansätze lassen sich bei einem Teil der Patienten Kopfschmerzen lindern und Migräneattacken reduzieren. Weitere methodisch solide Studien sind notwendig, um die Ergebnisse zu stützen.
Neufassung des § 64 StGB und dessen Bedeutung für die Unterbringung von suchtkranken Rechtsbrechern im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Soyka Michael 
Published: March 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZum 01.10.2023 ist die Neufassung des § 64 StGB, der die Maßregel (Unterbringung psychisch kranker Rechtsbrecher mit Suchterkrankungen) bedingt, in Kraft getreten. Die Neufassung zielt auf eine deutliche Beschränkung der Zahl der nach § 64 StGB untergebrachten Straftäter ab. Das Vorliegen und der Schweregrad einer Substanzkonsumstörung, ihre Bedeutung (Zusammenhang) mit der angeklagten Anlasstat und die Erfolgsaussichten einer Unterbringung nach § 64 StGB müssen genau begründet werden. Die Neufassung wird erhebliche Bedeutung für die Gutachtens- und Rechtspraxis haben.
Kehlkopfmodelle in der Stimmforschung und ihre Anwendung
Authors: Kniesburges Stefan 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie menschliche Stimme wird durch zwei vibrierende Stimmlippen im Kehlkopf erzeugt, was beim wachen Patienten nur eingeschränkt direkt im Kehlkopf untersucht werden kann. Experimentelle und numerische Modelle des Kehlkopfs können dabei helfen mehr Informationen zu gewinnen. In diesem Beitrag werden Modelltypen vorgestellt und ihr Einsatz in zwei Studien zur Funktion der Taschenfalten und zur endoskopischen Bestimmung der Gewebeeigenschaften erläutert.
Effect of 12-week SPARQ training on the ability of youth football players
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Tai Feng , Yu Shibo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of a 12-week physical training regime comprising five components – speed, power, agility, reaction, quickness – on young football players’ performance in terms of their capacity to move quickly in different phases.
Methods The football players were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). The rapid change of direction mobility was systematically investigated by using outdoor tests, the Illinois 505 Agility Test, the Square Pace Test, the Nebraska Agility Test, and the T-Shape Agility Test.
Results With the intervention of training, considerable improvements were detected in all indicators, with the SPARQ training approach outperforming.
Conclusion The combined results indicate that SPARQ training can deliver favourable efficiency in terms of enhancing the agility of young football players.
Online-Befragung: realistische Erfolgsquoten und Trends beim operativen Septumperforationsverschluss
Authors: Lindemann Jörg , Scheithauer Marc , Sommer Fabian , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Schneider Sophie 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In der Literatur beschriebene Erfolgsquoten (EQ) operativer Septumperforationsverschlüsse (SPV) von über 90 % erscheinen aufgrund der Komplexität des SPV zu hoch. Ziel der Befragung war die Erhebung subjektiver EQ sowie aktueller operativer Trends unter deutschen HNO-Ärzten.
Material und Methoden Eine anonyme Online-Befragung wurde unter deutschen HNO-Fachärzten durchgeführt. 356 Ärzte nahmen teil. Die erhobenen EQ wurden statistisch ausgewertet und die operativen Trends analysiert. Es gilt ein Signifikanzniveau α = 0,05. Die EQ wurden für 3 verschiedene Größenkategorien erhoben (<1 cm, 1–2 cm, >2 cm).
Ergebnisse Die EQ für SPV <1 cm (Median 79%) war höher als die für 1–2 cm (60%) und >2 cm (40%). Operierende Ärzte schätzten die EQ signifikant höher ein (90%, 75%, 50%; p-Wert je <0,001) als Nicht-Operierende (80%, 50%, 25%). Krankenhausärzte (90%, 70%, 50%) gaben signifikant höhere EQ als ambulante Ärzte an (80%, 50%, 30%, p-Wert je <0,001). Es wurde kein linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Gesamtzahl durchgeführter SPV und den EQ festgestellt (r <1cm=0,16, r1–2cm=0,18, r >2cm=0,19). Die meisten SPV wurden mit der Brückenklappentechnik (73%), einem geschlossenen Zugangsweg (85%), einem Interponat (74%) und postoperativer Schienung (94%) durchgeführt.
Schlussfolgerungen Die subjektiven EQ legen nahe, dass diese in der Realität niedriger einzuschätzen sind als in der Literatur. Dies kann an kurzen Follow-up-Zeiten, kleinen Patientenkollektiven und dem retrospektiven Design bestehender Studien liegen. Die Vielzahl operativer Möglichkeiten bestätigt die Komplexität des SPV. Eine Optimierung des Designs zukünftiger Studien könnte helfen, realistische EQ zu erheben.
Temporal Trend in Maternal Morbidity and Comorbidity
Authors: Diab Yara H. , Huang Jim , Nehme Lea , Saade George , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

Objective This study aimed to examine the temporal trends of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in the U.S. population in relation to trends in maternal comorbidity.
Study Design We performed a repeated cross-sectional analysis of data from individuals at 20 weeks' gestation or greater using U.S. birth certificate data from 2011 to 2021. Our primary outcome was SMM defined as the occurrence of intensive care unit admission, eclampsia, hysterectomy, uterine rupture, and blood product transfusion. We also examined the proportions of maternal comorbidity. Outcomes of the adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CIs) for 2021 m12 compared with 2011 m1 were calculated using negative binomial regression, controlling for predefined confounders.
Results There were 42,504,125 births included in the analysis. From 2011 m1 to 2021 m12, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of advanced maternal age (35–39 [45%], 40–44 [29%], and ≥45 [43%] years), morbid obesity (body mass index 40–49.9 [66%], 50–59.9 [91%], and 60–69.9 [98%]), previous cesarean delivery (14%), chronic hypertension (104%), pregestational diabetes (64%), pregnancy-associated hypertension (240%), gestational diabetes (74%), and preterm delivery at 34 to 36 weeks (12%). There was a significant decrease in the incidence of multiple gestation (9%), preterm delivery at 22 to 27 weeks (9%), and preterm delivery at 20 to 21 weeks (22%). From 2011 m1 to 2021 m12, the incidence of SMM increased from 0.7 to 1.0% (crude IRR 1.60 [99% CI 1.54–1.66]). However, the trend was no longer statistically significant after controlling for confounders (adjusted IRR 1.01 [95% CI 0.81–1.27]). The main comorbidity that was associated with the increase in SMM was pregnancy-associated hypertension.
Conclusion The rise in the prevalence of comorbidity in pregnancy seems to fuel the rise in SMM. Interventions to prevent SMM should include the management and prevention of pregnancy-associated hypertension.
Key Points
Climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence nexus in Tanzania
Authors: Kitole Felician Andrew , Mbukwa Justine N. , Tibamanya Felister Y. , Sesabo Jennifer Kasanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impact of climate change on food security and public health has hindered poverty reduction efforts in developing nations, including Tanzania, resulting in the impoverishment of millions and compromising both health and food production. To unravel these complex interactions, rigorous scientific research is indispensable. Leveraging three waves of the Agriculture Sample Census (2002/03, 2007/08, 2019/20), this study meticulously examines the interplay between climate change, food security, and diarrhoea prevalence in Tanzania. Employing Instrumental Variable Probit and Control Function Approach models to address endogeneity and heterogeneity, temperature anomalies serve as instrumental variables. The findings reveal a substantial impact of climate change on both food security (−0.331142, p < 0.01) and diarrhoea incidence (0.214602, p < 0.01). These results signify that climate change places significant stress on food security, rendering households more susceptible to insecurities, and heightens health concerns through increased diarrhoea prevalence. This underscores the urgency of prioritizing public health and well-being through an agricultural lens in climate change mitigation. A comprehensive strategy is imperative, entailing a synergy of sustainable agricultural practices, robust public health interventions, and targeted policies to fortify the adaptive capacity of communities. Special emphasis should be placed on cultivating climate-resilient agricultural systems, ensuring food security, and implementing health programs tailored to address the unique challenges posed by climate-induced factors. Moreover, community engagement and awareness initiatives play a pivotal role in fostering a collective understanding and commitment to sustainable practices, contributing to the overall resilience of societies amidst the challenges of climate change.
Closed-cycle noble gas recycling system for high-repetition rate high-harmonic generation
Authors: Oelmann J.-H. , Guth L. , Heldt T. , Griesbach N. , Hector R. , Lackmann N. , Nauta J. , Pfeifer T. , Crespo López-Urrutia J. R. 
Published: March 2024

We present a compact closed-loop recycling system for noble and inert gases. It has been developed for an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) frequency comb based on high-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition rate. The system collects gas injected at several bars of backing pressure through a micrometer-sized nozzle into the laser-interaction region with a differential pumping system comprising turbomolecular pumps, and subsequently compresses the gas to a pressure of up to 200 bar. By drastically reducing the waste of expensive gases such as xenon and krypton, it enables the long operation times needed for spectroscopic measurements, as well as for continuous operation of the XUV frequency comb.
Impact of water vapor annealing treatments on Al2O3/diamond interface
Authors: Zhang Xufang , Matsumoto Tsubasa , Sometani Mitsuru , Ogura Masahiko , Kato Hiromitsu , Makino Toshiharu , Takeuchi Daisuke , Inokuma Takao , Yamasaki Satoshi , Tokuda Norio 
Published: March 2024

Our group developed the first inversion-type p-channel diamond metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor, which featured normally off properties by employing water vapor annealing treatments for the oxygen-terminated diamond surface. Despite the comprehensive device-grade characterization, the impact of water vapor annealing treatments on the Al2O3/diamond interface has not been investigated in detail. In this work, we fabricated four diamond metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) capacitors without and with water vapor annealing treatments for various times of 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h and conducted the cycle capacitance–voltage (C–V) and simultaneous C–V measurements. The large cycle C–V shift existed in the sample without water vapor annealing treatment, whereas it was significantly suppressed by water vapor annealing treatments, indicating the effective passivation of the traps with long time constants. The simultaneous C–V results showed a similar trend that the frequency dispersion of the simultaneous C–V was dramatically reduced with water vapor annealing treatments, and the interface quality of Al2O3/diamond had a slight dependence on the water vapor annealing times. Based on simultaneous C–V measurements, the interface state density (Dit) at an energy level of 0.2–0.6 eV from the valence band edge of diamond was extracted for the different MOS capacitors. The Dit was reduced by one order of magnitude with water vapor annealing treatments, and it almost did not change with the water vapor annealing times. Besides, the flat band voltage shift and effective fixed charge were also dramatically reduced by water vapor annealing. The possible physical reason for the interface improvement by water vapor annealing treatments was discussed.
Resonance frequency band structure in heterojunction of one-dimension string-ball chain system
Authors: Li Boxi , Liu Chunling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using the concept of heterostructures in semiconductor physics and the similarity between the Schrödinger equation and the vibration equation of the one-dimension string-ball chain system, we create a heterojunction in our string-ball chain system by assembling a string-ball chain with two kinds of mass in a lattice-matched and an unmatched system and study the two systems through first-principle calculation, theoretical analysis, and experiment perspectives. A discontinuity in the frequency dependence is observed in the matched system, while a phase transition is discovered in the unmatched system. A proper theoretical analysis based on the wave function is also given to explain these phenomena.
How often does unguided peer interaction lead to correct response consensus? An example from conceptual survey of electricity and magnetism
Authors: Ghimire Apekshya , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this research, we investigated the impact of peer collaboration and changes from individual to group performance of graduate students on the conceptual survey of electricity and magnetism (CSEM) without any guidance from the instructor. We define construction of knowledge as a case in which the group answered the question correctly but in the individual administration of the survey before the group work, one member gave the correct answer and the other gave incorrect answer. We find that there was a significant improvement in the performance of students after peer interaction, which was mostly attributed to construction of knowledge. However, students had very few opportunities to co-construct knowledge as there were hardly any situations in which neither student in a group provided a correct answer. We analyzed the effect size for improvement from individual to group scores for each CSEM item to understand the characteristics of these questions that led to productive group interaction. We also compared the group performance of the graduate students to the introductory physics students in a prior study using the CSEM to get insight into the concepts that showed differences for the two groups and those that were challenging for both groups of students before and after collaboration with peers. Our findings can motivate physics instructors to incorporate group interactions both inside and outside of the classroom even without instructor’s involvement so that students at all levels can learn from each other and develop a functional understanding of the underlying concepts.
Speckle interference for naked-eye detection of vibrations
Authors: Córdova Zahid G , Limón Dana S , Torres Jesús A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An affordable optical project for students is explained in this work. The experiment only requires a handheld laser illuminating a structure with stationary vibrations induced, but the interpretation of this phenomenon demands a strong understanding of optical interference and modal behavior of a bar. The operating principle employs the speckle phenomenon, which is a type of interference between coherent light incident on a rough surface and its reflection. This interference occurs in a luminous plane outside of the vibrating object and shows a granular structure due to the brightness fluctuations. Speckle is static but if the surface illuminated oscillates, the plane of interference moves from one side to the other, causing a streak pattern. Mode shapes of the object under examination can be naked eye detected from streak patterns. What is more, this phenomenon can be photographed using a manual focus digital camera. Therefore all the components of the procedure can be available (or acquired) by almost any physics laboratory, at any level, which would be unthinkable for optical experiments just a few years ago.
Customizing superior surface insulation properties of polymeric dielectric via in-plane molecular chain orientation
Authors: Zeng Jiakai , Li Zhiyuan , Zhou Yihan , Yang Liuqing , Liu Wenfeng , Chi Xiaohong , Cheng Lu , Li Shengtao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Surface flashover is a common breakdown phenomenon on material surfaces for which surface charge migration property, determined by surface composition and molecular chain structure, is crucial. Precise modulation of charge migration property by simple and efficient methods to improve surface flashover voltage is the goal in industry. Here, in-plane molecular chain orientation (MCO) modulation by uniaxial stretching was proposed to achieve this goal and investigate the intrinsic mechanism of charge migration on flashover. Flashover voltage and accompanying leakage current, performed with electrodes oriented at varying angles to the MCO direction, show a consistent trend, which skillfully reveals that the facilitated charge migration is favorable for improving flashover voltage. When the stretching ratio is 3.5, the flashover voltage along the stretching direction (SD) increases by up to 48.7%, while the in-plane minimum flashover voltage remains essentially unchanged with the change in stretching ratio. Molecular chain segment motion properties along different directions further elucidate that the surprising improvement of flashover voltage along SD is primarily due to the MCO that promotes intra-chain charge migration. This work provides a new perspective on anti-flashover modification of polymeric dielectric and will promote the development of surface flashover mechanisms.
Gaussian process regression based inspection robot for predicting and locating pipeline anticorrosion coating defects
Authors: Tian Shunxin , Wu Zhenning , Zhang Dexin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The direct current voltage gradient (DCVG) technology is adept at identifying defects and corrosion issues within the anti-corrosion layer of buried pipelines by measuring changes in voltage gradient above the ground. Its widespread adoption in the field of anti-corrosion layer defect detection for its high precision and accuracy. However, the current DCVG inspection process relies on experienced operators holding electrodes to walk along the pipeline, resulting in a huge workload. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an innovative method that combines Gaussian process regression (GPR) with an intelligent inspection robot for autonomous pipeline anti-corrosion coating defect detection. This method uses environmental data to directly predict the location of defects within a pipeline’s anti-corrosion coating. Through incremental learning, the GPR model is trained to be continuously updated based on new samples such as position coordinates and voltage measurements during autonomous inspections. In addition, the intelligent inspection robot operates collaboratively with crawler wheels and UR robotic arms, enhancing motion stability and flexibility in expanding training data sets. Experimental results confirm that the intelligent inspection robot driven by Gaussian process prediction can achieve accurate defect positioning within 25 iteration cycles, with a positioning accuracy within 0.12 m. This method enhances defect detection accuracy, alleviating operator burden and offering an efficient solution for buried pipeline maintenance.
Stability theory for two-lobe states on the tadpole graph for the NLS equation
Authors: Pava Jaime Angulo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this work is to present new spectral tools for studying the orbital stability of standing waves solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with power nonlinearity on a tadpole graph, namely, a graph consisting of a circle with a half-line attached at a single vertex. By considering δ-type boundary conditions at the junction and bound states with a positive two-lobe profile, the main novelty of this paper is at least twofold. Via a splitting eigenvalue method developed by the author, we identify the Morse index and the nullity index of a specific linearized operator around of an a priori positive two-lobe state profile for every positive power; and we also obtain new results about the existence and the orbital stability of positive two-lobe states at least in the cubic NLS case. To our knowledge, the results contained in this paper are the first in studying positive bound states for the NLS on a tadpole graph by non-variational techniques. In particular, our approach has prospect of being extended to study stability properties of other bound states for the NLS on a tadpole graph or on other non-compact metric graph such as a looping edge graph, as well as, for other nonlinear evolution models on a tadpole graph.