bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law and History—A Need for Demarcation
Authors: Maoz Asher 
Published: April 2006

I am grateful to David Abraham and Eben Moglen for their thoughtful comments that illuminate several aspects of my essay. I agree with many of their remarks.Formally, it is indeed history with which the courts deal. This is so as courts are usually called to rule upon past events. Nevertheless, most of the events that are dealt with by the courts, just like most occurrences in life, do not attract historical interest. I am willing to accept the significance criterion proposed by Moglen for screening events of historical importance, yet it is the appropriateness criterion that tells us which of these events fits the judicial process. As for commissions of inquiry, both criteria apply. The event must be of significance (“a matter of vital public importance”) to justify the establishment of a commission. At the same time it must fit the nature of a commission.
Locating Hurst
Authors: Pue W. Wesley 
Published: April 2006

Three aspects of J. Willard Hurst's locatedness strike me as being noteworthy: his identification as a law teacher, in Wisconsin, in the mid-twentieth century United States of America. It mattered immensely, as Ernst shows in this issue, that his life of mind was significantly formed in the period between the world wars.Hurst's work is colored by these environments at every turn. Even assuming that he ranks with the likes of Tocqueville, Bryce, or Weber as a “broad-gauged socio-legal thinker of the first order,” it is important to consider him, not as a disembodied, unsituated intellect, but rather as a scholar who lived, worked, and wrotein a context. Though in part “an important extension of and dialogue with several well-established traditions and intellectual frameworks” on both sides of the Atlantic and on both sides of the world's longest undefended border, his work was also the product of a mind embodied.
The Chlorination of the [Al13]‐ Cluster and the Stepwise Formation of Its Intermediate Products, [Al11]‐, [Al9]‐, and [Al7]‐: A Model Reaction for the Oxidation of Metals?
Authors: Burgert Ralf , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg , Olzmann Matthias , Bowen Kit H. Jr. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β,β‐Disubstituted α‐Acetamido Acrylates Using Cheap Monodentate P‐Ligands.
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of Novel 4‐(Aminomethyl)oxazoline Ligands.
Authors: Griffith Jeraime A. , Rowlands Gareth J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aerobic Oxidative Cyclization under Pd(II) Catalysis: A Regioselective Approach to Heterocycles.
Authors: Yip Kai‐Tai , Li Jin‐Heng , Lee On‐Yi , Yang Dan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sequential Reduction and Dehydration of Phenacyl‐(E)‐styryl Sulfones to Unsymmetrical (E,E)‐Bis(styryl) Sulfones.
Authors: Mallireddigari Muralidhar Reddy , Pallela Venkat R. , Reddy E. Premkumar , Reddy M. V. Ramana 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Mediated Reactions of Aldehydes with Styrene Derivatives: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dihalo‐1,3‐diarylpropanes and 3‐Chloro‐1,3‐diarylpropanols.
Authors: Kabalka George W. , Wu Zhongzhi , Ju Yuhong , Yao Min‐Liang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Soluble Fullerene—Rotaxane Incorporating a Furamide Template.
Authors: Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Prato Maurizio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Water‐Soluble 2‐Alkylcyclodextrin—C60 Conjugates and Their Inclusion Complexation in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Chen Yong , Wang Yali , Rassat Andre , Sinay Pierre , Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dendritic Liquid‐Crystalline Fullerene—Ferrocene Dyads.
Authors: Campidelli Stephane , Perez Laura , Rodriguez‐Lopez Julian , Barbera Joaquin , Langa Fernando , Deschenaux Robert 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Telluronium Salts Mediated Aziridination of Chiral N‐tert‐Butylsulfinylimines: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Active Vinylaziridines.
Authors: Zheng Jun‐Cheng , Liao Wei‐Wei , Sun Xiao‐Xia , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong , Dai Li‐Xin , Deng Jin‐Geng 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Cyclizations in a Nonpolar Solvent Using Molecular Oxygen and Studies on the Stereochemistry of Oxypalladation.
Authors: Trend Raissa M. , Ramtohul Yeeman K. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile and Efficient Deoxygenation of Amine‐N‐Oxides with Mo(CO)6.
Authors: Yoo Byung Woo , Choi Jin Woo , Yoon Cheol Min 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfamoyl‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxamides: Novel Potentiators of Defective ΔF508‐Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channel Gating.
Authors: Suen Yat Fan , Robins Lori , Yang Baoxue , Verkman A. S. , Nantz Michael H. , Kurth Mark J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antimalarial Activity of 4‐(5‐Trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)chloroquine Analogues.
Authors: Cunico Wilson , Cechinel Cleber A. , Bonacorso Helio G. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo , de Souza Marcus V. N. , Freitas Isabela O. , Soares Rodrigo P. P. , Krettli Antoniana U. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Potential Antibacterials: A Synthetic Route to N‐Aryloxazolidinone/3‐Aryltetrahydroisoquinoline Hybrids.
Authors: Griera Rosa , Cantos‐Llopart Carme , Amat Mercedes , Bosch Joan , del Castillo Juan‐C. , Huguet Joan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted Pyrano[3,2‐c]pyridines via Diels—Alder Reaction of 3‐Methylenepyridin‐4‐one.
Authors: Tchabenenko Kirill , Taylor Marcus G. O. , Adlington Robert M. , Baldwin Jack E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Preparation of Trifluoromethyl‐Containing 1,4‐Oxathiolane Derivatives Through Ring Expansion Reaction of 1,3‐Oxathiolanes.
Authors: Zhu Shifa , Xing Chunhui , Zhu Shizheng 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
8‐(1‐Naphthalen‐2‐yl‐vinyl)‐6,7,10‐trioxaspiro [4.5] Decane, a New 1,2,4‐Trioxane Effective Against Rodent and Simian Malaria.
Authors: Singh Chandan , Kanchan Rani , Srivastava Divya , Puri Sunil K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Platinum Oxide Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Unsymmetrical Internal Aryl Alkynes under ortho‐Substituent Regiocontrol.
Authors: Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier , Alami Mouad , Brion Jean‐Daniel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of Isoprene Monoxide with Nitrogen Nucleophiles — Asymmetric Synthesis of Branched Amino Sugars.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Jiang Chunhui , Hammer Kristin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Thio‐ and Selenoglycosides by Cleavage of Dichalconides in the Presence of Zinc/Zinc Chloride and Reaction with Glycosyl Bromides.
Authors: Mukherjee Chinmoy , Tiwari Pallavi , Misra Anup Kumar 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of gem‐Diamine 1‐N‐Iminosugars Related to L‐Iduronic Acid as Inhibitors of Heparan Sulfate 2‐O‐Sulfotransferase.
Authors: Brown Jillian R. , Nishimura Yoshio , Esko Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thebaine Adducts with Maleimides. Synthesis and Transformations.
Authors: Shults E. E. , Shakirov M. M. , Tolstikov G. A. , Kalinin V. N. , Schmidhammer G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Erysotramidine.
Authors: Blake Alexander J. , Gill Christopher , Greenhalgh Daniel A. , Simpkins Nigel S. , Zhang Fengzhi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Acronycine Analogues in the Benzo[c]pyrano[3,2‐h]acridin‐7‐one and Naphtho[1,2‐b][1,7] and ‐[1,10]‐phenanthrolin‐7(14H)‐one Series.
Authors: Bongui Jean‐Bernard , Elomri Abdelhakim , Cahard Dominique , Tillequin Francois , Pfeiffer Bruno , Pierre Alain , Seguin Elisabeth 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of 4′‐epi‐Trachycladines A and B.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Breuer Irene , Drosdow Eugen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Sitophilate Using Carboxylic Acid Dianion Methodology — A Stereoselectivity Study.
Authors: Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita , Rodriguez Pablo , Sotoca Enrique 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorescence of Ce3+ in Fluorides and Long‐lasting Phosphorescence of Ce3+ in Oxides
Authors: Yamaga Mitsuo , Kodama Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Computational Magnetochemistry: Complementary Quantum Mechanical Tools
Authors: Eifert Thomas , Handrick Klaus , Huening Felix , Neuhausen Ulrich , Schilder Helmut , Lueken Heiko 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bonding and Organic and Inorganic Reactivity of Metal‐Coordinated Phosphinoenolates and Related Functional Phosphine‐Derived Anions
Authors: Braunstein Pierre 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Broensted Acid Catalyzed Addition and Cyclization Reaction with Imine: From Aqueous Reaction to Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Fuchibe Kohei , Itoh Junji 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Anisotropic Reagents for Determining the Absolute Configuration of Secondary Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Kusumi Takenori , Yabuuchi Tetsuya , Takahashi Haruko , Ooi Takashi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Insights for Light‐Driven Molecular Devices from ab initio Multiple Spawning Excited‐State Dynamics of Organic and Biological Chromophores
Authors: Martinez Todd J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanical behaviour of hazelnuts used for table consumption under compression loading
Authors: Valentini Nadia , Rolle Luca , Stévigny Caroline , Zeppa Giuseppe 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNuts of four hazelnut varieties and five new selections used for table consumption were compressed at the moisture content of 6% wet basis to measure shell resistance to breakage. Rupture force, rupture energy and nut specific deformation were measured under three compression loading positions. Physical parameters of nuts were also evaluated to relate them to the data obtained by compression test measurements. Rupture force and nut specific deformation are the most discriminant parameters that can be used to describe the behaviour under compression, while rupture energy values show fewer differences among the considered varieties. The values of force required to break nut shell ranged from 322.2 to 769.3 N. The lowest values of force were generally obtained along the y‐axis, the transverse axis containing the major dimension at right angles to the longitudinal axis. Nut specific deformation ranged from 3.35 to 11.76%. Correlations between physical and texture parameters showed that values of force, energy and deformation were dependent on different parameters that varied in the three considered axis. The most used varieties, Ennis and Barcelona, showed high mean values of force rupture to break shell and low deformability, while Tonda Giffoni and Tonda Bianca were easy to break. Among the new selections, L35 and B6, with mean values of force rupture less than 428 N and values of nut specific deformation higher than 8%, were suitable for table consumption. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Project placements for undergraduate occupational therapy students: design, implementation and evaluation
Authors: Prigg Alison , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to document the process undertaken to incorporate project placements as an effective fieldwork option for second‐ and third‐year occupational therapy students, by evaluating the experience of both students and supervisors and identifying areas for improvement. Project placements are full‐ or part‐time placements where a project is completed by a student under the supervision of an occupational therapist. The study is primarily descriptive, and includes a pre‐post design using qualitative and quantitative data. The results indicate that the objectives of the study were achieved. Both supervisors and students expressed positive views about the placements. Students also identified changes that could improve the placements. Second‐ and third‐year students gave similar ratings about aspects of the learning experiences during the project placements. The small cohort of third‐year students and the low response rate from supervisors limited results. These project placements have shown an applicable model for students in earlier years of the course instead of the usual practice of non‐traditional fieldwork being focused on final‐year students. The project placements described are presented as one more potential fieldwork model in the range currently offered by curricula worldwide. Future research needs to concentrate on the longitudinal impact of these placements on the developing practice and attitudes of occupational therapy students. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Model for Prediction of Anti‐HIV Activity of 2‐Pyridinone Derivatives Using Novel Topological Descriptor
Authors: Bajaj Sanjay , Sambi S. S. , Gupta S. , Madan A. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA novel highly discriminating adjacency‐cum‐distance based topological descriptor, termed as augmented eccentric connectivity index, has been conceptualized and it's discriminating power investigated with regard to anti‐HIV activity of 2‐pyridinone derivatives. The discriminating power of the augmented eccentric connectivity index was found to be far superior when compared to that of the distance based Wiener‘s index and adjacency based molecular connectivity index. This index did not exhibit any degeneracy amongst all possible structures with three, four and five vertices. The values of augmented eccentric connectivity index, Wiener's index and first‐order molecular connectivity index of each of the 72 3‐aminopyridin‐2(1H)‐one analogues comprising the dataset were computed using in‐house computer program. The resulting data was analyzed and suitable models were developed after identification of the active ranges. Subsequently, a biological activity was assigned to each of the compounds involved in the dataset using these models which was then compared with the reported anti‐HIV activity. High degree of prediction ranging from 81% to 89% was observed using models based upon these topological descriptors. Exceptionally high discriminating power amalgamated with decreased degeneracy of the proposed index, offers a vast potential for structure‐activity/property studies.
Longitudinal variable selection by cross‐validation in the case of many covariates
Authors: Cantoni E. , Field C. , Mills Flemming J. , Ronchetti E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLongitudinal models are commonly used for studying data collected on individuals repeatedly through time. While there are now a variety of such models available (marginal models, mixed effects models, etc.), far fewer options exist for the closely related issue of variable selection. In addition, longitudinal data typically derive from medical or other large‐scale studies where often large numbers of potential explanatory variables and hence even larger numbers of candidate models must be considered. Cross‐validation is a popular method for variable selection based on the predictive ability of the model. Here, we propose a cross‐validation Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure as a general variable selection tool which avoids the need to visit all candidate models. Inclusion of a ‘one‐standard error’ rule provides users with a collection of good models as is often desired. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our procedure both in a simulation setting and in a real application. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative Imaging Studies for Primary Hyperparathyroidism Are Unavoidable: Correlation of Sestamibi and High‐Resolution Ultrasound Scanning with Histological Analysis in 150 Patients
Authors: Mihai Radu , Gleeson Fergus , Buley Ian D. , Roskell Derek E. , Sadler Gregory P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative localization studies with Tc99m‐sestamibi have become an integral step in the preoperative assessment of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This enables scan‐directed minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) to be the preferred treatment for PHPT in many units. This study aimed to identify factors that lead to negative imaging studies in patients with PHPT.MethodsOver a 3‐year period consecutive unselected patients with PHPT underwent Tc99m‐sestamibi scanning and high‐resolution ultrasound (US) scanning by the same radiologist. When localization studies were concordant, patients underwent MIP. Those patients with negative imaging studies underwent bilateral neck exploration. Histology slides were independently reviewed and the proportion of chief cells and oxyphil cells within each adenoma was estimated.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐eight patients underwent localization studies (38 men and120 women, aged 61.8 ± 15.2 years). Sestamibi scans were negative in 52 (32%) and positive in 106 (68%) patients. There was a higher incidence of hyperplasia in the group of patients with negative sestamibi scans (4 out of 52 vs. 4 out of 103, P < 0.05, χ2 test). In patients with negative sestamibi scans the majority of adenomas were formed predominantly from chief cells (26 out of 36) while the majority of patients with adenomas composed predominantly of oxyphil cells had positive scans (21 out of 23) (P < 0.05, χ2 test). The weight of parathyroid adenomas was higher when sestamibi scans were positive (median: 1,180 vs. 517 mg, P < 0.05, Student’s t‐test).ConclusionSuccessful preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas using Tc99m‐sestamibi scanning is influenced by the cytological predominance of individual tumors. Negative scans might therefore be unavoidable in a subgroup of patients.