bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berdiferensiasi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Ayu Sukma , Ardana I Made , Sudiarta Phill I Gusti Putu 
Published: March 2024

Hasil belajar matematika peserta didik di SMK Negeri 5 Denpasar saat ini masih tergolong rendah, salah satu penyebabnya adalah kurangnya minat dan motivasi belajar peserta didik. Ada peserta didik yang memiliki gaya belajar visual (belajar melalui indera penglihatannya), gaya belajar auditori (belajar melalui indera pendengaran) dan gaya belajar kinestetik (belajar melalui pengalaman langsung). Ketiga jenis media tersebut disiapkan secara bersamaan untuk satu Kompetensi Dasar yaitu peluang suatu kejadian, sehingga peserta didik dapat memilih sendiri media pembelajaran yang cocok dengan gaya belajar masing-masing. Kualitas media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan diukur berdasarkan validitas, kepraktisan dan efektifitasnya dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar baik dalam ranah kognitif (pengetahuan), ranah afektif (aktivitas dan motivasi belajar) serta ranah psikomotorik (keterampilan). Memenuhi syarat validitas isi berarti media pembelajaran telah sesuai dengan prosedur pengembangan Plomp dan karakteristik pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Untuk validitas konstruk dinilai oleh dua orang pakar media pembelajaran dengan kategori sangat valid karena skor rata-rata berada pada rentang Untuk tingkat kepraktisan penggunaan media pembelajaran berdasarkan angket respon peserta didik dan pendidik memiliki kategori praktis karena skor rata-rata berada pada rentang . Tingkat efektifitas media dalam ranah kognitif yaitu 67,25 dengan kategori sangat baik, ranah afektif dengan rata-rata skor aktivitas peserta didik 3,51 dengan kategori sangat aktif dan ranah psikomotorik ketuntasan klasikal peserta didik sebesar 90%.
Mengenal Model Kooperatif Numbered Head Together (NHT) Untuk Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Palupi Diana Indah , Rahmani Emma , Yusnita Erlin , Pertiwi Hikmah , Gustina Hera , Priyanti Nita 
Published: March 2024

There are many learning models that can be practiced at all levels of education, one of which is the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model. This article discusses the NHT learning model which explains the history, definition, disadvantages and advantages, main characteristics, principles, and objectives of this NHT model. This article was created considering that the NHT learning model is still rarely used by educators, especially in learning at the unit level of early childhood education. So it is hoped that this article can expand knowledge, especially among educators as parties who have an important role in providing education for early childhood. This research uses a qualitative type of research by referring to descriptive analysis from various relevant sources as well as studies from research results that have applied the NHT learning model to early childhood learning. The type of study used is a literature study by collecting information from books, journals, article discussions, and others. The results of this study are known that the NHT learning model can improve children's cognitive and social abilities and can influence student interaction patterns and has the aim of improving academic mastery.
Piangendo sulle ceneri della città eterna La Canzon ove si narra la strage e il sacco di Roma di Girolamo Pandolfi da Casio
Authors: Ferrando Serena 
Published: March 2024

Riassunto in italiano

La Canzon ove si narra la strage e il sacco di Roma di Girolamo Pandolfi da Casio, cortigiano, collezionista d’arte e letterato rinascimentale, è opera minore ma dal modello ambizioso: una famosa Canzone di Petrarca (Che debb’io far? Che mi consigli, Amore?). L’imitazione petrarchesca appare tuttavia soprattutto formale. Più stretto sembra invece il rapporto dell’opera con la Canzone, di analogo contenuto, composta dal poeta rivale Pietro Aretino. Da chiarire resta il debito della Canzon rispetto alla tradizione classica latina: in tal senso, l’Ode 1,2 di Orazio sembra offrire interessanti spunti di confronto. Il testo dialoga inoltre con la letteratura oracolare e profetica del tempo, della quale spesso la propaganda asburgica si serviva per sostenere l’idea dell’impero universale di Carlo V. Anche la Canzon è opera di chiaro spirito filo-imperiale: alla fine, l’imperatore è esortato alla crociata e il suo assedio del papa a Castel Sant’Angelo durante il sacco del 1527 è presto dimenticato.

Riassunto in inglese
The Canzon ove si narra la strage e il sacco di Roma by Girolamo Pandolfi da Casio, courtier, art collector and Renaissance man of letters, in spite of being a minor work, shows us an ambitious model: the poem Che debb’io far? Che mi consigli, Amore? composed by Petrarca. Petrarch’s imitation, however, appears to be mainly formal. On the other hand, the relationship between this work and that of the rival poet Pietro Aretino, of similar content, seems closer. The debt of the poem to the classical Latin Literature still remains to be clarified: in this sense, Horace's Ode 1,2 seems to offer interesting points of comparison. The text also dialogues with the oracular and prophetic literature of its time, which Habsburg propaganda often used to support the idea of Charles V’s universal empire. This works, moreover, shows a clear pro-imperial spirit: at the end of the text, the emperor is exhorted to go on crusade and his siege of Pope at Castel Sant'Angelo is soon forgotten.
Bangladesh's second extension and research project
Authors: Ahsan Ekramul , Shamsul Huda A. N. M. , Ahmed Nasiruddin , Rahman Sharifur 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBangladesh's Second Extension and Research Project, which was begun in July, 1982, was intended to make the work of the country's leading agricultural research institutes more useful to farmers through a ‘training and visit’ approach funded by the World Bank. Information was to go to and from farmers, contact farmers, block supervisors, local research stations, district technical committees, local councils, the Department of Agricultural Extension staff, the national research and training institutes and top officials of the Ministry of Agriculture. Unfortunately, this communication system has not worked as planned, for various reasons: a change in the local government system, lack of cooperation from local councils and the Ministry of Finance, inadequate availability of vehicles and travel allowances, etc. Until more attention is paid to the need for more careful monitoring and evaluation and correction of the weaknesses found, not much improvement can be expected.
Rural training in Vanuatu
Authors: Makharita Ragaa , O'sullivan Mary , Castello Marguerite 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVanuatu is a newly independent chain of South Pacific islands populated almost entirely by Melanesians living in isolated rural villages. Since its independence, the government has emphasized rural development to reduce hyperurbanization and increase the agricultural contribution to the GDP. While the Department of Social Welfare and Community Development has the major responsibility for coordinating and supporting rural training centres, it has so far had difficulty doing so because of inadequacies of staffing, budget, policy formulation, authority, and evaluation, among other problems.
Helping African cities
Authors: Stren Richard E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhile African urban populations have been expanding rapidly, there has been a general decline in the availability of resources for essential urban services and facilities. Consequently, African cities have turned from a ‘statist’ model of service delivery to the ‘privatization’ of urban services, including effective local participation. To maximize benefits and reduce the potential problems associated with privatization, African urban policy‐makers should attempt to improve two‐way flows of communication, public sector/private sector coordination, and community participation in the financing and managing of local services.This article is extracted from Dr. Stren's (1989) presentation ‘Institutional arrangements’, to two workshops held in Poretta Terme, Italy, March 5–17, 1989, available as the ED1 Policy Seminar Report, No. 21. This was prepared jointly by the World Bank and the Istituto Italo‐Africano, under the title, Strengthening Local Governments in Sub‐Saharan Africa. World Bank EDI, Washington, D.C.
Mozambican environmental problems: Myths and realities
Authors: O'Keefe P. , Kirkby J. , Cherrett I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article assesses the resource potential and environmental problems facing Mozambique at present, pointing to the extreme distortion imposed by the current war upon the development potential of the country. Looking at the long list of environmental problems and issues identified by Timberlake as characterizing the environmental crisis in Africa, it is noted that, at the national level, few of these problems prevail, but that most of them can be identified locally. Both the World Bank and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) have carried out environmental assessment of Mozambique and, whilst not agreeing on what the major environmental issues are, are agreed on the major problem posed by the war. The main environmental threats are almost exclusively located along the coastal littoral. Fleeing the fighting in the interior, the population has concentrated along the coast, and environmental pressures in this area are becoming severe. It is likely that, even when the war ends, the population will remain in these areas. There is great potential for economic development in Mozambique, with substantial unemployed agricultural, energy and mineral resources. However, the traditional cash crop industries have been decimated and statistics indicate an overwhelmingly preindustrial subsistence economy. Half the population has been affected through massive civilian losses, malnutrition, displacement and emigration, and no reasonable environmental management strategy can be initiated under these circumstances.
Explaining success in South Asian rural development: The importance of routine
Authors: Mascarenhas R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe article compares the Training and Visit System of Agricultural Extension in India with the Anand‐type dairy cooperatives (India) and the Grameen Bank (Bangladesh) to explain the reasons for their success. In attempting an explanation of such microsuccess in an environment of macrofailure, the article lays emphasis on tailoring the programmes to the needs and social capabilities of the rural people. The services offered are perfected to a routine, thus encouraging the recipients of the services to respond on a regular and systematic basis. The recipients of these programmes see success in terms of increased benefits, greater participation and ultimately increased incomes. Their success has led to their widespread adoption elsewhere in the Third World.
Market‐oriented approaches to capacity building in Africa
Authors: Demongeot Patrick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFollowing a brief review of recent criticism of technical cooperation as an instrument for capacity building in sub‐Saharan Africa, this article examines current strategies for addressing the professional staff retention problem within African governments, and for making the market for technical cooperation more effective by allowing greater substitution of national experts for expatriate experts in project design and implementation. In order to strengthen and effectively use scarce local expertise, while avoiding its diversion to donor‐financed projects, the article proposes capacity‐building strategies aimed at the development of national or regional markets for development analysis and management expertise in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Cross Sections for Fast Particles and Atomic Nuclei
Authors: Barashenkov V. S. , Gudima K. K. , Toneev V. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPresently available experimental data on the total cross sections and on the cross sections for the elastic and inelastic scattering of nucleons, antinucleons, π‐ and K‐mesons by atomic nuclei at energies higher than 50 MeV are summarized. The nucleus‐nucleus cross sections for kinetic energies higher than 50 MeV/nucl. are also given.
Energy and Zenith Angle Dependence of Atmospheric Muons
Authors: Maeda Kaichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe recently proposed new process for energetic‐muon production in the atmosphere should be tested at Mt. Chacaltaya, where the atmospheric muons with longest paths in the atmosphere can be observed. For the sake of comparing the experimental results with those of usual atmospheric muons, rigorous calculations of zenith‐angle distribution of atmospheric muons have been made for the altitude of 5200 m above sea level with energy range from 100 GeV to 100 TeV, and for zenith angles from 0° to 92.3°. Calculations are based on the extension of the Chapman function to the case of a non‐isothermal atmosphere, taking into account (i) energy‐dependent nuclear‐interaction mean free path of cosmic‐ray hadrons in air, (ii) different magnitudes of photonuclear cross‐section in the energy‐loss process of muons in the atmosphere, (iii) contributions of atmospheric muons arriving below the horizontal directions, and (iv) atmospheric structure and geomagnetic deflection. Results are compared with those corresponding to sea level. Range straggling, particularly its effect on horizontally incident muons, is investigated by Monte Carlo calculation, indicating that its effects and that of (i) on the zenith‐angle‐dependence of hogh‐energy atmosphere muons are negligible.
On the Dimensions of the Chiral and Dilatation Symmetry Breaking Hamiltonian Densities
Authors: Cornwell D. T. , Genz H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDenoting by lu and lδ the dimensions (if any) of the chiral and dilation symmetry breaking Hamiltonian densities u(x) and δ(x), respectively, the property (4 – lu) (lu – lδ) > 0 (which is already known in special cases) is derived for a much larger class of models. We furthermore obtain a simple and general explicit expression for u(x) in terms of the current divergences, and review the physical applications of this (or an analogous, almost obvious) expression.
Phenomenological Dispersion Theory of pp, p̄p Forward Scattering
Authors: Dumbrajs Olgert , Staszel Magdalena 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA review is given of the present state of experimental and theoretical knowledge of the proton‐proton and antiproton‐proton forward scattering, with special attention to applications of phenomenological dispersion theory in elucidating this interaction. The topics covered include the treatment of unphysical region, low‐energy parameterizations, dispersion relation calculations of the real parts and the meson‐nucleon coupling constants, analyses of the data by recently developed numerical analytic continuation techniques, high‐energy phenomenology, and evaluation of sum rules.
Signal Parameters in Optical Pumping Experiments
Authors: Dellit L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe features of fluorescence and transmission signals in optical pumping of dilute gases with non‐coherent light sources are discussed in terms of a generalized signal function. Using the spherical tensor operator formalism kinetic equations for the atomic state multipoles as well as rate equations for spontaneous emission and absorption are derived. In these rate equations the kinetics of the atomic system expressed by the, generally, time dependent state multipoles of the atomic distribution in the ground or excited state is weighted by the optical signal parameters to give a signal function, which is explicitly adapted to the experimental conditions of observation.
On the Bosonization of the Many Electron Problem
Authors: Cabo A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Garbaczewski bosonization procedure is applied to the many‐electron problem. It leads to a non‐local c‐number path integral representation for the trace of the evolution operator which also depends on a mapping of the lattice points in the natural numbers. This mapping is needed for the implementation of the bosonization. We argue that the non‐local interactions and the dependence on the mapping can be disregarded in the limit of small electron c‐number field. We can then discuss the physics of the saddle point contribution. In the discussion the effects of the Pauli exclusion principle are introduced phenomenologically.
Analysis of quality costs for identifying areas of quality improvement—a case study
Authors: Bhadury Bikash , Jain M. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study carried out in one of the plants of a multi‐plant manufacturer with the objective of evaluating and analysing the quality costs to identify areas of quality improvement and quality cost reduction. The study was carried out in two phases, namely the estimation of quality costs as a ‘one‐shot’ study followed by the identification of the ‘vital few’ defects using Pareto analysis, and this was followed by a further analysis using cause‐and‐effect diagrams to find out the underlying causes of these vital defects. This case study shows that even in situations where inspection and relevant records/data are not available, the necessary data can be obtained through a step‐by‐step analysis of current procedure and methods, and collection of data with regard to defects; and the data, thus obtained, can be used for the evaluation of quality costs. Moreover, an objective analysis of category‐wise and shop‐wise quality costs, with the help of Pareto and cause‐and‐effect analyses can bring out the critical quality problems and subsequently the causes for these critical defects.
Statistical monitoring and control of a low defect process
Authors: Goh T. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAdvanced technologies today are such that it is possible to keep the occurrence of defects in manufactured products at very low levels. The use of the conventional c‐chart for statistical control of defects in such products would encounter serious practical difficulties because the low defect counts would render invalid the theoretical assumptions used in the construction of the chart. Based on reasoning with fundamental probability distributions, this paper offers a simple and reliable solution that is particularly suited to on‐line inspection and testing operations such as those found in an automated manufacturing environment.
Quantitative safety assessment of the ventilation recirculation system in an undersea mine
Authors: Andrews John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a quantitative safety study carried out on a system which monitors the environmental conditions in an undersea mine. Of particular importance are the concentrations of methane and carbon monoxide present in the mine. Although the presence of these gases is of concern in all mines it is of particular concern in this undersea mine since up to 37 per cent of the return air of the ventilation system is recirculated. When high methane or carbon monoxide levels are detected recirculation is halted.Fault trees were constructed to represent two system failure modes for each of the trip conditions; failure to trip on demand and spurious trip. These logic diagrams were then analysed to produce the minimal cut sets and the probabilities for the system failure events. From this prediction of system performance the degree of improvement attainable by changing the system design, component repair times or test frequencies was investigated.
The use of early resistance and early tcr changes to predict the reliability of on‐chip interconnects
Authors: D'haeger V. , Stulens H. , de Ceuninck W. , de Schepper L. , Tielemans L. , Gallopyn G. , de Pauw P. , Stals L. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new method is presented to evaluate the resistance to electromigration of on‐chip interconnects. The method is based on the high resolution in‐situ electrical resistance technique. During high temperature and high current density stress measurements, two types of processes occur simultaneously: structure‐relaxation and electromigration. In order to study these processes separately, the experimental conditions are adapted. The electrical resistance and TCR is measured before and after structure‐relaxation and/or electromigration. Using Matthiessen's rule, it is possible to separate the contribution of the resistivity variation from the variation in geometry. The first process causes a decrease of the resistivity, whereas the second causes an increase. The influence of Cu‐addition and deposition temperature is also investigated. Correlation of the resistivity variations with conventional mean time to failure (MTTF) data is demonstrated. As a consequence, with our short‐time method, predictions of the resistance to electromigration of on‐chip interconnects can be made after typical test times of 24 to 48 hours.
A comparison of mean and range charts with pre‐control having particular reference to short‐run production
Authors: Tang Pak Fai , Barnett Neil 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper provides a rationale for making a statistical comparison between the techniques of ‘pre‐control’ and traditional X and R charts. Special attention is drawn to the application of both techniques to the short run manufacturing environment where, for the use of X and R charts, parameter estimation is a problem. The total discussion is in the context of the manufacture of discrete items.
Design of low‐power quaternary CMOS logic circuits
Authors: Zukeran Chotei , Afuso Chushin , Kameyama Michitaka , Higuchi Tatsuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIf basic quaternary logic circuits with low‐power consumption are designed in a simple way, they will be useful for high‐density VLSI implementations utilizing the feature of multivalued logic. This paper proposes a new low‐power quaternary CMOS logic circuit, which can be fabricated by a multilevel ion implant technique. The basic circuits realize functions defined by “([A‐Z]+)” and “([A‐Z]+)” operators. The circuit has two features which have not been observed so far. One is that the threshold detection of a multilevel input voltage can easily be realized by a multilevel ion implant technique. The other is that the design can be extended to any multivalued logic circuits, preserving the low‐power property, since CMOS analog switches are used for multiplexing the multivalued signals. Through the discussion of the mathematical properties of the basic operators, any combinational logic circuit can be synthesized in a very simple and systematic way. Finally, examples of the network synthesis are shown, and the operations are verified by the electronic circuit analysis program SPICE2.
Interconnection networks for bucket distribution on relational algebra machine GRACE
Authors: Sakai Shichi , Kitsuregawa Masaru , Tanaka Hidehiko , Moto‐oka Tohru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInterest has been increasing in the high‐speed large‐capacity database machines. We are presently developing a high‐performance relational algebra machine GRACE, which is a highly parallel computer. Thus the interconnection networks which take part in the communications among its components play an important role. From a functional viewpoint, the interconnection networks of GRACE can be classified into the bucket distribution network which sends data into the staging space, and the bucket collection network which sends data into the set of processors. This paper reports on the former, that is, the method of distributing the bucket generated by the hash is considered, and the realization method of the bucket distribution network is proposed here. We consider primarily the adaptation of the indirect binary n‐cube network, which is a kind of multistage interconnection network. Furthermore, we investigate its reforming to the multiroute network. Evaluations are made by large‐scale simulations whose results indicate that the required transfer performance and the required bucket distribution can both be achieved. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with other realization methods.