bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of bone wax versus dermal regeneration matrix for the reconstruction of scalp defects
Authors: Sin‐Soler Maria , Yébenes Mireia , Gamissans Marta , Riera‐Martí Núria , Lara Aida , Sàbat Mireia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSecondary intention healing is an alternative to consider in large tumors or tumors located in areas of limited skin mobility, such as the scalp. To promote epithelialization, we can use Dermal Regeneration Matrix (DRM) or bone wax.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of DRM and bone wax in secondary intention healing of cutaneous scalp tumors in elderly patients with comorbidities.Materials and methodsThe medical records of 18 patients with cutaneous scalp tumor healing by secondary intention from February 2022 to April 2023 were analyzed for demographic variables, tumor and surgical characteristics, time from withdrawal of material to complete epithelialization, and need for subsequent surgical intervention.ResultsBone wax was used in 6 patients and DRM in 12. The mean patient age was 84.3 years, and the mean tumor size was 2.7 cm. There were no significant differences in demographics or postoperative complications between the groups. The median time to complete epithelization was 84.5 (60.2–108.7) days in the bone wax group and 105.0 (91.0–126.0) days in the DRM group, with no significant differences (P = 0.15).ConclusionsBone wax is a simple and economical material that can be used for secondary intention healing of scalp tumors in elderly patients with high surgical risk.
Associations between hospital organizational features, person‐centred care and nurse‐sensitive outcomes for persons with dementia in acute care: A systematic literature review
Authors: Casarez Amber , Smith Jessica G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAim(s)The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine the extent and quality of quantitative evidence regarding associations between hospital organizational features, person‐centred care (PCC) and nursing‐sensitive outcomes among persons with dementia in the acute care setting.DesignSystematic review.MethodsKey terms were utilized to guide searches in four databases. The two reviewers deduplicated articles and came to a consensus for the final sample using inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data SourcesMEDLINE/OVID, CINHAL, COCHRANE and WEB OF SCIENCE.ResultsThere were 10 studies included. PCC was associated with better outcomes for persons with dementia (i.e. decreased restraint use, decreased length of stay, increased involvement with families and the patient, and increased nurse confidence and competence in caring for this population). Of the studies, none explicitly identified an association between nursing‐sensitive outcomes, PCC and hospital organizational features in the acute care setting among persons with dementia.ConclusionThis review highlights a clinically significant gap in knowledge regarding associations between hospital organizational features, PCC and nursing sensitive outcomes. The impact of face‐to‐face dementia competency training as a standard practice among acute care facilities, the importance of leadership engagement, support and involvement to improve nurse confidence and competence in caring for persons with dementia needs to be explored.Impact StatementThese findings support future research to understand the relationship between organization features and patient‐centred care and how these collectively impact nursing‐sensitive outcomes, specifically in persons with dementia in acute care settings.
Revenue drift, incentives, and effort allocation in social enterprises
Authors: Vladasel Theodor , Parker Simon C. , Sloof Randolph , van Praag Mirjam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRevenue drift, whereby insufficient attention is given to economic, relative to social, goals, threatens social enterprise performance and survival. We argue that financial incentives can address this problem by redirecting employee attention to commercial tasks and attracting workers less inclined to fixate on social tasks. In an online experiment with varying incentive levels, monetary rewards succeed in directing worker effort to commercial tasks; high‐powered incentives attract less prosocial employees, but low‐powered incentives do not alter workforce composition. Social enterprises combining monetary rewards with a social mission not only attract more workers but are also able to guard against revenue drift.
The transcriptional control of LcIDL1–LcHSL2 complex by LcARF5 integrates auxin and ethylene signaling for litchi fruitlet abscission
Authors: Ma Xingshuai , He Zidi , Yuan Ye , Liang Zhijian , Zhang Hang , Lalun Vilde Olsson , Liu Zhuoyi , Zhang Yanqing , Huang Zhiqiang , Huang Yulian , Li Jianguo , Zhao Minglei 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAt the physiological level, the interplay between auxin and ethylene has long been recognized as crucial for the regulation of organ abscission in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identified transcription factors involved in indoleacetic acid (IAA) and ethylene (ET) signaling that directly regulate the expression of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA) and its receptor HAESA (HAE), which are key components initiating abscission. Specifically, litchi IDA‐like 1 (LcIDL1) interacts with the receptor HAESA‐like 2 (LcHSL2). Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we determined that the auxin response factor LcARF5 directly binds and activates both LcIDL1 and LcHSL2. Furthermore, we found that the ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3‐like transcription factor LcEIL3 directly binds and activates LcIDL1. The expression of IDA and HSL2 homologs was enhanced in LcARF5 and LcEIL3 transgenic Arabidopsis plants, but reduced in ein3 eil1 mutants. Consistently, the expressions of LcIDL1 and LcHSL2 were significantly decreased in LcARF5‐ and LcEIL3‐silenced fruitlet abscission zones (FAZ), which correlated with a lower rate of fruitlet abscission. Depletion of auxin led to an increase in 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (the precursor of ethylene) levels in the litchi FAZ, followed by abscission activation. Throughout this process, LcARF5 and LcEIL3 were induced in the FAZ. Collectively, our findings suggest that the molecular interactions between litchi AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 (LcARF5)–LcIDL1/LcHSL2 and LcEIL3–LcIDL1 signaling modules play a role in regulating fruitlet abscission in litchi and provide a long‐sought mechanistic explanation for how the interplay between auxin and ethylene is translated into the molecular events that initiate abscission.
Before and after study of a national complementary and supplementary feeding programme in Rwanda, 2017–2021
Authors: Hebert Katharine A. , Nsengiyumva Emmanuel , Kayitesi Christine , Hariharan Karen , Opondo Charles , Ferguson Elaine , Allen Elizabeth , Uwonkunda Irene , Ufitinema Adeline , Baribwira Cyprien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo address high rates of malnutrition among children from vulnerable households in Rwanda, the government initiated a national food supplementation programme. A before and after evaluation, using repeat cross‐sectional surveys in randomly selected villages was conducted; aimed at assessing the effectiveness of providing fortified blended food (FBF) to children 18–23 months of age, pregnant and lactating women in the lowest tier of Rwanda's social support system. Data were collected in 2017, 2018 and 2021 through interviews with caregivers; anthropometric measurements and a capillary blood sample were obtained from children. The primary statistical analysis compared the nutritional status of children before and after the introduction of FBF. We enroled 724 children during each survey. The prevalence of stunting declined from 47% to 35% between 2017 and 2021; in 2018, the prevalence of stunting was 43%. Children had a 42% reduction in the odds of being stunted (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47–0.74, p < 0.001) from 2017 to 2021 even after adjusting for inherent, distal, proximal, and intermediate covariates. The reduction in stunting observed within the first year of the programme was not statistically significant (AOR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67–1.03, p < 0.091). We observed meaningful reductions in the prevalence of stunting among children which coincided with the introduction of Government‐led initiative to reduce malnutrition. The Rwandan Government has committed to improving the living conditions of vulnerable households and has made strong investments in reducing malnutrition. The impact of these investments can be seen in the overall trend towards improved nutritional status highlighted in this evaluation.
Glycolanguage of the oral microbiota
Authors: Hager‐Mair Fiona F. , Bloch Susanne , Schäffer Christina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial biofilm community which is pivotal to oral health maintenance and, if turning dysbiotic, can contribute to various diseases. Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure—encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides—is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities. Thus, understanding oral bacterias' glycoinfrastructure and encoded glycolanguage is key to elucidating their pathogenicity mechanisms and developing targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention. Driven by their known immunological role, most research in oral glycobiology has been directed onto LPSs, whereas, recently, glycoproteins have been gaining increased interest. This review draws a multifaceted picture of the glycolanguage, with a focus on glycoproteins, manifested in prominent oral bacteria, such as streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We first define the characteristics of the different glycoconjugate classes and then summarize the current status of knowledge of the structural diversity of glycoconjugates produced by oral bacteria, describe governing biosynthetic pathways, and list biological roles of these energetically costly compounds. Additionally, we highlight emerging research on the unraveling impact of oral glycoinfrastructure on dental caries, periodontitis, and systemic conditions. By integrating current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps, this review underscores the importance of studying the glycolanguage oral bacteria speak to advance our understanding of oral microbiology and develop novel antimicrobials.
Interpretable prediction models for disability in older adults with hypertension: the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study
Authors: Wu Yafei , Xiang Chaoyi , Wang Zongjie , Fang Ya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults with hypertension have a high risk of disability, while an accurate risk prediction model is still lacking. This study aimed to construct interpretable disability prediction models for older Chinese with hypertension based on multiple time intervals.MethodsData were collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happy Family Study for 2008–2018. A total of 1602, 1108, and 537 older adults were included for the periods of 2008–2012, 2008–2014, and 2008–2018, respectively. Disability was measured by basic activities of daily living. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied for feature selection. Five machine learning algorithms combined with LASSO set and full‐variable set were used to predict 4‐, 6‐, and 10‐year disability risk, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used as the main metric for selection of the optimal model. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was used to explore important predictors of the optimal model.ResultsRandom forest in full‐variable set and XGBoost in LASSO set were the optimal models for 4‐year prediction. Support vector machine was the optimal model for 6‐year prediction on both sets. For 10‐year prediction, deep neural network in full variable set and logistic regression in LASSO set were optimal models. Age ranked the most important predictor. Marital status, body mass index, score of Mini‐Mental State Examination, and psychological well‐being score were also important predictors.ConclusionsMachine learning shows promise in screening out older adults at high risk of disability. Disability prevention strategies should specifically focus on older patients with unfortunate marriage, high BMI, and poor cognitive and psychological conditions.
An international review of the characteristics of viral nucleic acid‐amplification testing (NAT) reveals a trend towards the use of smaller pool sizes and individual donation NAT
Authors: Faddy Helen M. , Osiowy Carla , Custer Brian , Busch Michael , Stramer Susan L. , Dean Melinda M. , Acutt Jessika , Viennet Elvina , van de Laar Thijs , Tsoi Wai‐Chiu , Styles Claire , Kiely Phil , Margaritis Angelo , Kwon So‐Yong , Qiu Yan , Deng Xuelian , Lewin Antoine , Jørgensen Signe Winther , Erikstrup Christian , Juhl David , Sauleda Silvia , Camacho Rodriguez Bernardo Armando , Soto Coral Lisbeth Jennifer Catherine , Gaviria García Paula Andrea , Oota Sineenart , O'Brien Sheila F. , Wendel Silvano , Castro Emma , Navarro Pérez Laura , Harvala Heli , Davison Katy , Reynolds Claire , Jarvis Lisa , Grabarczyk Piotr , Kopacz Aneta , Łętowska Magdalena , O'Flaherty Niamh , Young Fiona , Williams Padraig , Burke Lisa , Chua Sze Sze , Muylaert An , Page Isabel , Jones Ann , Niederhauser Christoph , Vermeulen Marion , Laperche Syria , Gallian Pierre , Satake Masahiro , Addas‐Carvalho Marcelo , Blanco Sebastián , Gallego Sandra V. , Seltsam Axel , Weber‐Schehl Marijke , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Al Maamari Khuloud , Alawi Fatma Ba , Pandey Hem Chandra , França Rochele Azevedo , Charlewood Richard ,   the Virology and Surveillance, Risk Assessment and Policy subgroups of the ISBT WP‐TTID
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNucleic acid‐amplification testing (NAT) is used for screening blood donations/donors for blood‐borne viruses. We reviewed global viral NAT characteristics and NAT‐yield confirmatory testing used by blood operators.Materials and MethodsNAT characteristics and NAT‐yield confirmatory testing used during 2019 was surveyed internationally by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases. Reported characteristics are presented herein.ResultsNAT was mainly performed under government mandate. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) NAT was performed on all donors and donation types, while selective testing was reported for West Nile virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Zika virus. Individual donation NAT was used for HIV, HCV and HBV by ~50% of responders, while HEV was screened in mini‐pools by 83% of responders performing HEV NAT. Confirmatory testing for NAT‐yield samples was generally performed by NAT on a sample from the same donation or by NAT and serology on samples from the same donation and a follow‐up sample.ConclusionIn the last decade, there has been a trend towards use of smaller pool sizes or individual donation NAT. We captured characteristics of NAT internationally in 2019 and provide insights into confirmatory testing approaches used for NAT‐yields, potentially benefitting blood operators seeking to implement NAT.
Antibiotic treatment modestly reduces protection against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
reinfection in macaques
Authors: Ganchua Sharie Keanne , Maiello Pauline , Chao Michael , Hopkins Forrest , Mugahid Douaa , Lin Philana Ling , Fortune Sarah M. , Flynn JoAnne L. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Concomitant immunity is generally defined as an ongoing infection providing protection against reinfection . Its role in prevention of tuberculosis (TB) caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(Mtb) is supported by epidemiological evidence in humans as well as experimental evidence in mice and non-human primates (NHPs). Whether the presence of live Mtb, rather than simply persistent antigen, is necessary for concomitant immunity in TB is still unclear. Here, we investigated whether live Mtb plays a measurable role in control of secondary Mtb infection. Using cynomolgus macaques, molecularly barcoded Mtb libraries, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET CT) imaging, flow cytometry, and cytokine profiling, we evaluated the effect of antibiotic treatment after primary infection on immunological response and bacterial establishment, dissemination, and burden post-secondary infection. Our data provide evidence that, in this experimental model, treatment with antibiotics after primary infection reduced inflammation in the lung but was not associated with a significant change in bacterial establishment, dissemination, or burden in the lung or lymph nodes. Nonetheless, treatment of the prior infection with antibiotics did result in a modest reduction in protection against reinfection: none of the seven antibiotic-treated animals demonstrated sterilizing immunity against reinfection, while four of the seven non-treated macaques were completely protected against reinfection. These findings support that antibiotic-treated animals were still able to restrict bacterial establishment and dissemination after rechallenge compared to naïve macaques, but not to the full extent of non-antibiotic-treated macaques.
Place-based climate change: lowering students' psychological distance through a classroom activity
Authors: Duke Jessica , Holt Emily A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Psychological distance (PD) can be a barrier to how students perceive climate change impacts and severity. Localizing climate change using place-based approaches is one way instructors can structure their curricula to help combat students' PD, especially from a spatial and social viewpoint. We created a novel classroom intervention that incorporated elements of place-based education and the Teaching for Transformative Experiences in Science model that was designed to lower undergraduate biology students' spatial and social distance of climate change. Our research questions sought to determine whether students' PD changed following our intervention and whether variables beyond our intervention might have contributed to changes we identified. To measure the efficacy of our intervention, we administered a survey that contained several instruments to measure students' recognition and psychological distance of climate change pre- and post-intervention. We found that students' psychological distance to climate change decreased after participating in our classroom intervention. Additionally, course level was the only outside variable we identified as a predictor of students' post-activity scores. Participation in our activity lowered our students' spatial and social psychological distance, which could have impacts beyond the classroom as these students become the next generation of scientists and voters.
Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation decision-making process: scoping review
Authors: Doody Owen , Davidson Hope , Lombard John 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo conduct a scoping review to explore the evidence of the process of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decision-making.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search and review of articles from 1 January 2013 to 6 April 2023 within eight databases. Through multi-disciplinary discussions and content analytical techniques, data were mapped onto a conceptual framework to report the data.ResultsSearch results (n=66 207) were screened by paired reviewers and 58 papers were included in the review. Data were mapped onto concepts/conceptual framework to identify timing of decision-making, evidence of involvement, evidence of discussion, evidence of decision documented, communication and adherence to decision and recommendations from the literature.ConclusionThe findings provide insights into the barriers and facilitators to DNACPR decision-making, processes and implementation. Barriers arising in DNACPR decision-making related to timing, patient/family input, poor communication, conflicts and ethical uncertainty. Facilitators included ongoing conversation, time to discuss, documentation, flexibility in recording, good communication and a DNACPR policy. Challenges will persist unless substantial changes are made to support and promote examples of good practice. Overall, the review underlined the complexity of DNACPR decision-making and how it is a process shaped by multiple factors including law and policy, resource investment, healthcare professionals, those close to the patient and of central importance, the patient.
Estimating fish production in wetlands
Authors: Tucker Caroline M. , Giacomini Henrique C. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Wang Lifei , de Kerckhove Derrick T. 
Published: March 2024

Fish production integrates changes in biomass from growth, reproduction, and mortality, and is a useful indicator for fisheries management. However, calculation of fish production has been limited by the intensive requirements for data on abundance, biomass, age structure, and vital rates, and so it is uncommon to find estimates of fish production for wetlands. We developed an approach to directly estimate production that is suitable for data-limited systems: a continuous time model of production describing individual growth over short time intervals with continuous time models of abundance and biomass over longer timescales. We applied this model for 18 Great Lakes coastal wetlands (GLCWs) on Lake Ontario, including Big Island Wetland (BIW). In BIW, most species were dominated in abundance and biomass by younger cohorts and, as a result, these young, fast-growing individuals contributed disproportionately to fish production. In total, BIW produced 336.1 kg·ha·year of fish and the other 17 neighbouring ranged between 447.7 and 1119.9 kg·ha·year. These are some of the first estimates of fish production for GLCWs, highlighting their value for managing Great Lakes fisheries.
Statistical Inference Using Partially Accelerated Life Test Model for the Weibull Population Mean Unified Hybrid Censored Data
Authors: Rabie Abdalla , Abd-Elrahman Ayman M. 
Published: March 2024

In this paper, estimates of the parameters and the acceleration factor of a new distribution known as the Weibull Population Mean Distribution (WPMD) are explored. We propose the use of the model suggested by Abd-Elrahman [A better alternative to the generalized Bilal distribution: A new model and applications, Int. J. Reliab. Qual. Saf. Eng. 30(6) (2023) 2350027, doi: 10.1142/S0218539323500274 ] for estimating these parameters. To accomplish this, we employ the maximum likelihood estimation method via a Constant-Stress Partially Accelerated Life Test (CSPALT) model. In this study, we have utilized Unified Hybrid (UH) censored data obtained from the WPMD. Confidence intervals for the model parameters and the acceleration factor are constructed based on the approximate Fisher information matrix. The average and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of estimates are computed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method under the CSPALT model. Additionally, a real data set is provided for illustrative purposes, and a numerical analysis of the UH Censoring Scheme (UHCS) is carried out. Finally, concluding remarks are presented.