bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Pendant Boryl Groups in Cp–Metal Complexes: Heterocyclic Ring Annelation in a CpIr System (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 14/2008)
Authors: Herrmann Christoph , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the regioselective hydroboration of (trans‐CH3–CH=CH–C5H4)Ir(cod) (X‐ray structure on the left) with bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane followed by an intermolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction at the Cp ring to yield the respective boron‐containing heterocycle. In this case the iridium metal acts as an internal metal base to yield the corresponding zwitterionic iridium hydride complex (X‐ray structure on the right). At the bottom, the 1H NMR (600 MHz, CD2Cl2, –20 °C) spectrum of the iridium hydride complex is pictured with the omission of the Ir‐1H domain at δ = –12.23 ppm. The corresponding 19F NMR (564 MHz, CD2Cl2, –30 °C) spectrum with expanded areas is depicted in the background. Further details are provided in the article by G. Erker et al. on p. 2273ff.
Dynamic simulation of backdraft phenomena in a townhouse building fire
Authors: Wang Shih‐Cheng , Lin Cherng‐Shing , Yu Chia‐Chun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA backdraft is a unique and extremely dangerous fire phenomenon in buildings with limited ventilation. Backdraft can generate the powerful fire and heavy smoke that hinders firefighter rescues and those escaping the fire. This study investigates a deflagration fire and smoke spread in a townhouse fire that occurred in Taiwan. The fire is reconstructed using the CFAST (ver. 6.0.10) zone model, FDS (ver. 4.0.7) field model, and full‐scale fire tests for motorcycles. Computational results reasonably agree qualitatively with the post‐accident reports. Simulation analysis for backdraft phenomena demonstrated that window size in the limited‐ventilation compartment fire influenced smoke leaking from vents, deflagration induction time, and fire intensity from a new opening. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(3): 153–164, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20196
The RNA coregulator SRA, its binding proteins and nuclear receptor signaling activity
Authors: Colley Shane M. , Iyer Kavitha R. , Leedman Peter J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNuclear receptor (NR) coregulators are key modulators of hormone signaling. Discovery of steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), a coregulator that is active as a RNA, transformed thinking in the field of hormone action. The subsequent identification of SRA‐binding coregulator proteins, including p68, SHARP and more recently SLIRP, has provided important insight into SRA's mechanism of action and potentially offers new opportunities to target NR signaling pathways for therapeutic gain. Here we outline advances in the field of NR coregulator biology, with a bias on recent progress in understanding SRA‐protein interactions. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 159–164, 2008
Hemoprotein time‐resolved X‐ray crystallography
Authors: Milani Mario , Nardini Marco , Pesce Alessandra , Mastrangelo Eloise , Bolognesi Martino 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the last decade the role of structural dynamics in controlling protein function was actively investigated using new and advanced experimental approaches. In particular, time resolved crystallography, despite some practical difficulties, is being used extensively to complement the study of protein structure‐function relationships with information on the dynamics, based on experimental evidence. Here we present a short overview of the results obtained on dynamical properties of myoglobin and homologous hemoproteins, where the photosensitive heme‐Fe—ligand bond has allowed transient intermediates to be studied by different flash photolysis methods coupled to Laue X‐ray diffraction, thus highlighting some of the dynamical events that characterize diffusion of a diatomic ligand to/from the heme in model hemoproteins. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 154–158, 2008
A 39 kDa fragment of endogenous ASK1 suggests specific cleavage not degradation by the proteasome
Authors: Stordal Britta , Davey Ross 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTransfected human apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) produces a 150 kDa protein. However, we have detected endogenous ASK1 predominantly as 39 and 50 kDa C‐terminal and 75 and 110 kDa N‐terminal fragments in a panel of nontransfected cancer cell lines and HUVEC endothelial cells. This suggests that in nonapoptotic cells, endogenous ASK1 protein is normally cleaved at a number of specific sites, some of which are in the kinase domain. Transfected ASK1 protein is known to be degraded by the proteasome. In contrast, the cleavage of endogenous ASK1 is independent of the proteasome as treatment with the proteasome inhibitor, lactacystin did not inhibit cleavage. Cisplatin treatment decreased the amount of 39 kDa C‐terminal ASK1 fragments in mutant p53 cell lines suggesting a decrease in cleavage associated with apoptosis. Transfected ASK1 may, therefore, not accurately reflect the role of endogenous ASK1. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 180–184, 2008
The novel inhibitory effect of Pangdahai on fatty acid synthase
Authors: Zhao Wen‐Hua , Zhao Chun‐Yang , Gao Li‐Fang , Feng Fei‐Fei , Gao Wen , Chen Zhen‐Liang , Zhang Feng , Cao Li‐Ge , Bi Xiao‐Yu , Chen Yue , Zhu Qi‐Yao , Zhang Ying‐Xia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRecently, animal fatty acid synthase (FASN) is reported as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and cancer. Considerable interest has been developed in searching for novel inhibitors of this enzyme. An extract from Pangdahai has been found to inhibit FASN in both reversible and irreversible manners, with an IC50 of 3.5 μg/ml and an apparent inactivation rate constant of kobs of 2.2 × 10−3/min. The kinetic study showed that the Pangdahai extract inhibited the overall FASN reaction uncompetitively with acetyl‐CoA, but it presented in a mixed manner both with NADPH and with malonyl‐CoA. Its major reacting site on this enzyme, as compared between two IC50 values, is not in the beta‐ketoacyl reduction domain. A weight reducing experiment in rats showed that the extract significantly reduced the adipose and food intake, but in view of statistics (P < 0.05), a correlation between the reductions in the adipose and in the food consumption and the inhibition of hepatic FASN could not be established. Three known flavonoid compounds were isolated from the extract and the structure–activity relationship was discussed. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(3): 185–194, 2008
Molecular mechanism of preconditioning
Authors: Das Manika , Das Dipak K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDuring the last 20 years, since the appearance of the first publication on ischemic preconditioning (PC), our knowledge of this phenomenon has increased exponentially. PC is defined as an increased tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion induced by previous sublethal period ischemia. This is the most powerful mechanism known to date for limiting the infract size. This adaptation occurs in a biphasic pattern (i) early preconditioning (lasts for 2–3 h) and (ii) late preconditioning (starting at 24 h lasting until 72–96 h after initial ischemia). Early preconditioning is more potent than delayed preconditioning in reducing infract size. Late preconditioning attenuates myocardial stunning and requires genomic activation with de novo protein synthesis. Early preconditioning depends on adenosine, opioids and to a lesser degree, on bradykinin and prostaglandins, released during ischemia. These molecules activate G‐protein‐coupled receptor, initiate activation of KATP channel and generate oxygen‐free radicals, and stimulate a series of protein kinases, which include protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase, and members of MAP kinase family. Late preconditioning is triggered by a similar sequence of events, but in addition essentially depends on newly synthesized proteins, which comprise iNOS, COX‐2, manganese superoxide dismutase, and possibly heat shock proteins. The final mechanism of PC is still not very clear. The present review focuses on the possible role signaling molecules that regulate cardiomyocyte life and death during ischemia and reperfusion. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(4): 199–203, 2008
Disorders of the synthesis of human fetal hemoglobin
Authors: Manca Laura , Masala Bruno 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFetal hemoglobin (HbF), the predominant hemoglobin in the fetus, is a mixture of two molecular species (α2Gγ2 and α2Aγ2) that differ only at position 136 reflecting the products of two nonallelic γ‐globin genes. At the time of birth, HbF accounts for ∼70% of the total Hb. The Gγ:Aγ globin ratio in the HbF of normal newborn is 70:30 whereas in the trace amounts of HbF that is found in the adult it reverses to 40:60 because of a γ‐ to β‐globin gene switch. Alterations of these ratios are indicative of a molecular defect at the level of the HbF synthesis. Qualitative hemoglobinopathies due to Gγ and Aγ chain structural variants, and quantitative hemoglobinopathies affecting the synthesis of HbF such as γ‐thalassemias, duplications, triplications, and even sextuplications of the γ‐globin genes, which may be detected in newborn blood lysates, have been described. Moreover, several pathological and nonpathological conditions affecting the β‐globin gene cluster, such as β‐thalassemia, sickle cell disease, δβ‐thalassemia, and hereditary persistence of HbF syndromes, are characterized by the continued synthesis of γ‐globin chains in the adult life. Studies of these natural mutants associated with increased synthesis of HbF in adult life have provided considerable insight into the understanding of the control of globin gene expression and Hb switching. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(2): 94–111, 2008
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction in aging
Authors: Boveris Alberto , Navarro Ana 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAging of mammalian brain is associated with a continuous decrease of the capacity to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. The impairment of mitochondrial function is mainly due to diminished electron transfer by complexes I and IV, whereas inner membrane H+ impermeability and F1‐ATP synthase activity are only slightly affected. Dysfunctional mitochondria in aged rodents show decreased rates of respiration and of electron transfer, decreased membrane potential, increased content of the oxidation products of phospholipids and proteins, and increased size and fragility. In aging mice, the activities of brain mitochondrial enzymes (complexes I and IV and mtNOS) are linearly correlated with neurological performance (tightrope and T‐maze tests) and with median life span and negatively correlated with the mitochondrial content of lipid and protein oxidation products. Conditions that increased mice median life span, such as moderate exercise, vitamin E supplementation, caloric restriction, and high spontaneous neurological activity; also improved neurological performance and mitochondrial function in aged brain. The diffusion of mitochondrial NO and H2O2 to the cytosol is decreased in the aged brain and may be a factor for reduced mitochondrial biogenesis. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(5): 308–314, 2008
Heparin—A unique stimulator of human colon cancer cells' growth
Authors: Chatzinikolaou Georgia , Nikitovic Dragana , Asimakopoulou Athanasia , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Karamanos Nikos K. , Tzanakakis George N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe cancer microenvironment and the interactions between cancer and surrounding tissue cells are thought to play a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)/proteoglycans (PGs) are major constituents of the extracellular matrix, the composition of which may affect various cellular functions. In the present study, the effects of GAGs on the proliferation of HT29, SW1116, and HCT116 human colon cancer cell lines were examined using exogenously added GAGs, an inhibitor of endogenous GAG sulfation and specific glycosidase digestions. Our results demonstrate that colon cancer cell growth was exclusively stimulated by exogenously added heparin and insensitive to endogenous GAGs/PGs production, in a sulfation pattern‐related manner. Treatment of the tested cell lines with the FGF‐2 neutralizing antibody showed that the stimulatory effect of heparin on the cells' growth was not FGF‐2‐dependent. Responsiveness of colon cancer cell lines to exogenous heparin/heparan sulfate may play a role in their growth and metastasis. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(5): 333–340, 2008
Effect of coloring with various metal oxides on the microstructure, color, and flexural strength of 3Y‐TZP
Authors: Shah K. , Holloway J. A. , Denry I. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cerium and bismuth coloring salts solutions on the microstructure, color, flexural strength, and aging resistance of tetragonal zirconia for dental applications (3Y‐TZP). Cylindrical blanks were sectioned into disks (2‐mm thick, 25‐mm in diameter) and colored by immersion in cerium acetate (CA), cerium chloride (CC), or bismuth chloride (BC) solutions at 1, 5, or 10 wt %. The density, elastic constants, and biaxial flexural strength were determined after sintering at 1350°C. The crystalline phases were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction before and after aging in autoclave for 10 h. The results showed that the mean density of the colored groups was comparable with that of the control group (6.072 ± 0.008 g/cm3). XRD confirmed the presence of tetragonal zirconia with a slight increase in lattice parameters for the colored groups. A perceptible color difference was obtained for all groups (ΔE* = 2.57 ± 0.48 to 14.22 ± 0.98), compared with the control. The mean grain size increased significantly for the groups colored with CC or CA at 10 wt %, compared with the control group (0.318 ± 0.029 mm). The mean biaxial strength of CA1%, CA5%, and BC1% groups was not significantly different from that of the control group (1087.5 ± 173.3 MPa). The flexural strength of all other groups decreased linearly with increasing concentration for both cerium salts (860.7 ± 172 to 274.4 ± 67.3 MPa). The resistance to low temperature degradation was not affected by the coloring process. Coloring with cerium or bismuth salts produced perceptible color differences even at the lowest concentrations. A decrease in flexural strength at the higher concentrations was attributed to an increase in open porosity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Energy density analysis for second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory and coupled‐cluster theory with singles and doubles: Application to C2H4CH4 complexes
Authors: Imamura Yutaka , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrid‐based energy density analysis (EDA), in which numerical integration is performed for two‐electron integrals by the pseudospectral method (Imamura et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 034103), is extended to correlated methods: second‐order Møller‐Plesset (MP2) perturbation and coupled‐cluster singles and doubles (CCSD). Using EDA for MP2 and CCSD, we estimate atomic correlation energy differences and correlation energy density difference maps for C2H4CH4 complexes. The analyses confirm that polarization and diffuse functions essentially contribute to the descriptions of weak interaction around the nuclei and in the area between C2H4 and CH4, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 29: 1555–1563, 2008
Extension of adaptive tree code and fast multipole methods to high angular momentum particle charge densities
Authors: Giese Timothy J. , York Darrin M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe development and implementation of a tree code (TC) and fast multipole method (FMM) for the efficient, linear‐scaling calculation of long‐range electrostatic interactions of particle distributions with variable shape and multipole character are described. The target application of these methods are stochastic boundary molecular simulations with polarizable force fields and/or combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical potentials. Linear‐scaling is accomplished through the adaptive decomposition of the system into a hierarchy of interacting particle sets. Two methods for effecting this decomposition are evaluated: fluc‐splitting and box‐splitting, for which the latter is demonstrated to be generally more accurate. In addition, a generalized termination criterion is developed that delivers optimal performance at fixed error tolerance that, in the case of quadrupole‐represented Drude water, effects a speed‐up by a factor of 2–3 relative to a multipole‐independent termination criteria. The FMM is shown to be ∼2–3 times faster than the TC, independent of the system size and multipole order of the particles. The TC and FMM are tested for a variety of static and polarizable water systems, and for the the 70Sribosome functional complex containing an assembly of transfer and messenger RNAs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Application of the Sakurai‐Sugiura projection method to core‐excited‐state calculation by time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Tsuchimochi Takashi , Kobayashi Masato , Nakata Ayako , Imamura Yutaka , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Sakurai‐Sugiura projection (SS) method was implemented and numerically assessed for diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Since the SS method can be used to specify the range in which the eigenvalues are computed, it may be an efficient tool for use with eigenvalues in a particular range. In this article, the SS method is applied to core excited calculations for which the eigenvalues are located within a particular range, since the eigenvalues are unique to atomic species in molecules. The numerical assessment of formaldehyde molecule by TDDFT with core‐valence Becke's three‐parameter exchange (B3) plus Lee‐Yang‐Parr (LYP) correlation (CV‐B3LYP) functional demonstrates that the SS method can be used to selectively obtain highly accurate eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus, the SS method is a new and powerful alternative for calculating core‐excitation energies without high computation costs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2008.
Organization of the superficial neuromast system in goldfish, Carassius auratus
Authors: Schmitz Anke , Bleckmann Horst , Mogdans Joachim 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDistribution, morphology, and orientation of superficial neuromasts and polarization of the hair cells within superficial neuromasts of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) were examined using fluorescence labeling and scanning electron microscopy. On each body side, goldfish have 1,800–2,000 superficial neuromasts distributed across the head, trunk and tail fin. Each superficial neuromast had about 14–32 hair cells that were arranged in the sensory epithelium with the axis of best sensitivity aligned perpendicular to the long axis of the neuromast. Hair cell polarization was rostro‐caudal in most superficial neuromasts on trunk scales (with the exception of those on the lateral line scales), or on the tail fin. On lateral line scales, the most frequent hair cell polarization was dorso‐ventral in 45% and rostro‐caudal in 20% of the superficial neuromasts. On individual trunk scales, superficial neuromasts were organized in rows which in most scales showed similar orientations with angle deviations smaller than 45°. In about 16% of all trunk scales, groups of superficial neuromasts in the dorsal and ventral half of the scale were oriented orthogonal to each other. On the head, most superficial neuromasts were arranged in rows or groups of similar orientation with angle deviations smaller than 45°. Neighboring groups of superficial neuromasts could differ with respect to their orientation. The most frequent hair cell polarization was dorso‐ventral in front of the eyes and on the ventral mandible and rostro‐caudal below the eye and on the operculum. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The course of fever following influenza virus infection in children treated with oseltamivir
Authors: Suzuki Eitaro , Ichihara Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough the effectiveness of oseltamivir against influenza virus infection is well known, there has been no report analyzing the detailed time course of fever following the drug treatment in children. Oseltamivir was prescribed for 4 days to every child with a positive result for rapid immunological test for influenza virus during 2002–2003, 2003–2004, and 2004–2005 epidemics. Only those who were 1–12 years of age and prescribed oseltamivir within 24 hr after the onset of fever were included in the analysis. The numbers of children with type A/H3N2 disease for the three seasons were 64, 77, and 33, and those with type B disease were 102, 4, and 86, for the respective seasons. The period until normalization of temperature was obtained from six‐hourly recordings of body temperature. By multiple regression analysis, temperature periods were longer in type B than in type A/H3N2 disease, negatively associated with age, and positively with maximal body temperature (all: P < 0.001). The effectiveness of oseltamivir on body temperature in type B disease was less apparent in the 2004–2005 than in the 2002–2003 season, irrespective of age. No such between‐season difference was observed for Type A/H3N2 disease. Frequencies of ineffective cases with biphasic fever (19.6% and 43.0% during 2002–2003 and 2004–2005 seasons) were significantly higher in type B than in type A/H3N disease (12.0% and 11.8%, respectively). The effectiveness of oseltamivir depends on a child's age, maximal body temperature and the virus type. This study confirmed recent reports indicating decreased effectiveness of oseltamivir against type B disease. J. Med. Virol. 80:1065–1071, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The shaft‐based methodological approach to the quantification of long limb bones and its relevance to understanding hominid subsistence in the Pleistocene: application to four Palaeolithic sites
Authors: Yravedra J. , Domínguez‐Rodrigo M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe present work contributes to the debate of skeletal part use in archaeology to reconstruct hominid economic behaviour during the Pleistocene. It doubles the sample of sites where comparison of long limb bone element quantification is made by using alternative identification techniques based on epiphyses and epiphyses plus shafts. A refined method of long limb element quantification using shafts is discussed and applied to four sites representing different time periods from the end of the Middle Pleistocene to the end of the Upper Pleistocene. It is shown that when long limb elements are properly quantified a hypothesis of early access to carcasses at these sites can be supported. The data thus drawn are also used to compare skeletal part evenness across the time periods represented by the four sites selected. The results indicate low‐cost transport decisions by hominids at these sites. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.