bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of mesenchymal tumors of the breast
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Geisinger Kim R. , Frable William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic findings of 15 cases of sarcomas involving the breast out of a combined series of 2,064 breast FNA biopsies, including 580 malignancies, thereby accounting for 2.6% of all the malignant breast tumors. The series consisted of 14 women and one man with a mean age of 48.4 yr (range, 29‐63). There were eight cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes, including one malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes. Three benign cystosarcoma phyllodes had a significant concomitant atypical epithelial hyperplasia, which lead to a misdiagnosis of carcinoma in two of the cases. The third case was correctly identified as recurrent cystosarcoma phyllodes. In retrospect, features suggestive for cystosarcoma phyllodes and unusual for breast carcinoma include increased numbers of naked nuclei and hypercellular stromal fragments. Sarcomatous patterns in our four metaplastic carcinomas included chondrosarcoma (two cases), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) (one case), and fibrosarcoma (one case). Two additional pure primary MFHs (both of which had electron microscopic confirmation) and one metastatic fibrosarcoma to the breast were encountered. Recognition of unusual cytologic patterns for breast carcinoma should suggest the possibility of a primary or metastatic sarcoma to the breast. Potential pitfalls for misdiagnosis include the presence of atypical epithelial hyperplasia in some cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes, along with occasional cases having patterns indistinguishable from a fibroadenoma. The pleomorphic and bizarre cellular features can suggest the diagnosis of metaplastic and pure sarcomas of the breast, although the potential exists for confusion with very poorly differentiated carcinoma. FNA diagnosis of sarcomatous lesions of the breast is essential in order to insure proper surgical treatment.
Aspiration cytology and immunohistochemistry of an orbital aspergilloma
Authors: Oneson Ruth H. , Feldman Philip S. , Newman Steven A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology combined with immunohistochemical staining of an orbital aspergilloma are presented. The cytologic findings included a tangled mass of hyphal elements and acute inflammation consistent with fungal disease. The slides were stained by the peroxidaseantiperoxidase method for Aspergillus sp. Positive staining confirmed the diagnosis of an orbital aspergilloma, and appropriate therapy was started.
Cytology of pleural effusions in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Montes Silvia , Guarda Luis A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRheumatoid pleural effusions are relatively uncommon. The cytologic examination of such effusions can be diagnostic of the underlying disease; this is of great clinical significance when the rheumatoid condition has not been diagnosed prior to the pleural involvement. The diagnostic cytologic abnormalities include large elongated and multinucleated giant cells and macrophages in a background of granular and necrotic debris. The cytologic characteristics parallel the histologic features of pleural rheumatoid nodules.
Immunocytochemical demonstration of glial fibrillary acidic protein in imprint smears of human brain tumors
Authors: Iwa Nobuzo , Yutani Chikao , Ishibashi‐Ueda Hatsue , Katayama Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPapanicolaou‐destained imprint smears from 24 brain tumors were investigated by means of avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method (ABC) with the use of monoclonal antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Positive staining reaction to GFAP antibody has been demonstrated in cells from the following tumors: astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, mixed glioma, and ependymoma. The reaction for GFAP was negative for the following tumors: medulloblastoma, neurilemmoma, melanoma, hemangioblastoma, and metastatic tumors. In astrocytoma, the cell bodies and processes were positive with delicate fibrillary patterns; in anaplastic astrocytoma, cytoplasm and the processes were intensively stained. In glioblastoma multiforme, the staining patterns were also mixed, and the short, thickened processes were characteristic. Use of both a smear preparation and the immunoperoxidase staining technique is of great value in diagnosis of tumors of the central nervous system.
Nasal cytology in allergic processes and other syndromes caused by hyperreactivity
Authors: Rivasi Francesco , Bergamini Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spontaneous nasal secretions from about 128 patients with the symptomatic triad of rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal obstruction were studied. The cytological examination consisted of a morphological evaluation and a semiquantitative evaluation. Noncellular and nonliving presences in the smears have been considered, including mucus, Charcot‐Layden crystals, and pollen grains, as well as fungi and bacilli. We found a net increase in eosinophils, goblet cells, and cellular debris in secretions of atopic patients. Pollen grains and vegetative fragments were present in the nasal smears of pollinosis. The presence of fungi was observed in five cases of allergic rhinopathy. The exfoliative cytology represents a valuable means for the differential diagnosis of rhinitis. In particular, the presence of noncellular elements has value regarding rhinocytology.
Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of papanicolaou‐stained bronchial specimens
Authors: Dugan John M. , Avitabile Ann M. , Rossman Milton D. , Ernst Carolyn S. , Atkinson Barbara F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) by Papanicolaou‐stained bronchial brushing and wash/lavage specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the cytologic preparations and clinical records from 58 immunocompromised patients were reviewed. Bronchial brushings and wash/lavage specimens were examined using methenamine silver (Grocott) and Papanicolaou stains. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was recognized with Papanicolaou stain by identifying distinctive alveolar casts, which frequently contained collections of encysted sporozoites. Thirty cases of PCP were identified, and Grocottstained bronchial wash/lavage specimens were positive in 29 instances (97%). Grocott staining of the transbronchial biopsy was positive for PCP in 18 of 22 specimens (82%). Bronchial brushings were insensitive, yielding a positive specimen in only 30% of cases of PCP. Alveolar casts of PCP were identified by Papanicolaou‐stained slides of wash/lavage specimens in 83% of cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia. These proteinaceous alveolar casts were not seen in other pulmonary disorders. Encysted sporozoites were found in 56% of cases in which Papanicolaou‐stained alveolar casts were identified. We conclude that the diagnosis of PCP can be made rapidly and reliably on the Papanicolaou‐stained bronchial wash/lavage or bronchial brush specimens by detecting the characteristic alveolar casts, which contain P. carinii–encysted sporozoites. The presence of encysted sporozoites within alveolar casts is pathognomonic for PCP, and methenamine silver stains can be eliminated in those cases in which encysted sporozoites are identified.
Foamy alveolar casts: Diagnostic specificity for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Henry Michelle J. , Iber Conrad 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a major infectious complication of immunodeficiency states, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a safe and effective procedure for making this diagnosis. In addition to the characteristic organisms, both histologic and cytologic material often reveals exudate in the form of foamy alveolar casts (FACs). To test the diagnostic utility of FACs in BAL fluids, we compared 20 PCP‐positive and 28 PCP‐negative fluids as assessed by silver stains. All PCP‐positive fluids contained FACs on Papanicolaou‐stained material. Only one PCP‐negative lavage contained FACs, and transbronchial biopsy in this case revealed PCP. We suggest that FACs in BAL fluids are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PCP.
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Lachman Mary F. , Vogel Edward H. , Kim Kitai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytologic features of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in two infant siblings were reviewed and compared to the histopathologic features in the same cases. The cytologic features of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in imprint smears from the spleen, lymph nodes, and liver were distinct, with proliferation of benign histiocytes engulfing erythrocytes and platelets. Hemophagocytic activity was more readily identifiable in imprint smears than in paraffin‐embedded histologic sections. The differential diagnosis of histiocytic proliferative syndromes is also discussed.
Cytologic diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma in tracheal wash specimens
Authors: Buchanan Andrew J. , Fauck Robert , Gupta Raj K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo examples of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea are described in which the cytologic diagnosis was made from tracheal washings. It is easy to confuse adenoid cystic carcinoma with the more common small‐cell neoplasms of the respiratory tract; however, if differential features are kept in mind, such a distinction can be made in the cytologic material. Differential features include cohesive, globular, honeycomb‐like arrangements of cells lacking nuclear molding, three‐dimensional cell groups with ball‐like formations, and clusters of uniform cells with cystic spaces, some containing mucus. These features in both of our cases resulted in unequivocal cytologic diagnoses.
Metastatic transitional‐cell carcinoma to the mandible: A case report
Authors: Weithman Angela M. , Morrison Gideon , Hurt Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransitional‐cell carcinoma to the mandible is an uncommon occurrence. Only three cases have been reported in the literature. This is a case report of such a metastasis, the first diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration. Emphasis is placed on the cytologic features of the tumor cells.
Fine‐needle aspiration of spleen: Diagnosis of a solitary ovarian metastasis
Authors: Nosanchuk Jerome S. , Tyler William S. , Terepka Raymond H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a patient in whom a solitary splenic lesion detected by computed tomography (CT) was successfully diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy under CT guidance. The ability to distinguish metastatic carcinoma from lymphoma in the spleen assisted the clinician in making therapeutic decisions. Fine‐needle aspiration of spleen is a reasonable diagnostic approach that has been underutilized.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pediatric patients with primary hepatic tumors: A comparative study of two hepatoblastomas and a liver‐cell carcinoma
Authors: Dekmezian Roupen , Sneige Nour , Popok Steven , Ordóñez Nelson G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytologic features of fine‐needle aspirates (FNA) of two hepatoblastomas (HBs) and a liver‐cell carcinoma (LCC) occurring in three children, ages 1, 3, and 14 yr, are presented. Electron microscopic features of one of the HBs and the LCC are also included. The HBs displayed single or small aggregates or larger clusters of cells with a high nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio and usually round, hyperchromatic nuclei with single, and occasionally double, prominent nucleoli. In addition, one patient had extramedullary hematopoiesis; both had osteoid‐like material. These findings were very helpful in differentiating the HB cases from the LCC case, which had features similar to those of adult hepatocytes, including the presence of abundant, finely granular cytoplasm. Ultrastructural studies showed an absence of differentiation into adult hepatocytes in the HB, with scant organelles, rare bile canaliculi, lakes of glycogen, and rare lysosomal bodies. In contrast, the LCC showed features similar to adult hepatocytes, such as abundant cytoplasmic organelles, lysosomes, and bile canaliculi. In addition, intranuclear pseudoinclusions caused by cytoplasmic invagination were present in the LCC but not in the HB. Fine‐needle aspiration of hepatic masses in children is a useful technique for rendering a diagnosis, especially in unresectable tumors. Ultrastructural studies on FNA material may be important in differentiating hepatoblastoma from hepatocellular carcinoma.
Clinical utility of head and neck aspiration cytology
Authors: Karayianis Sharon L. , Francisco Gary J. , Schumann G. Berry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver the past 3.5 yr, we have examined 195 head and neck fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from three diverse medical settings. Specimens were collected in saline solution or Saccomanno fixative and processed using cytocentrifugation or membrane filtration. This allowed us simultaneously to perform cytologic evaluations, special stains, and immunologic marker studies from a single specimen. Good correlation between clinical experience with FNA and obtaining satisfactory specimens was demonstrated. Our sensitivity (89%) and specificity (94%) reflect problems associated with specimen collection in a training environment where clinician experience with the procedure is low. A definitive diagnosis was possible in most cases, and the treatment plan was often based on the FNA results. In patients without a history of a primary malignancy, a FNA done early in the clinical course helped direct the initial workup of the patient, saving time and expense.
The diagnosis of pulmonary small‐cell anaplastic carcinoma by cytologic means: A 13‐year experience
Authors: Caya James G. , Wollenberg Nancy J. , Clowry Lawrence J. , Tieu Thu M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article reports on a series of 432 patients with positive respiratory (sputum and bronchial) cytology and proven malignant respiratory tract disease as corroborated by detailed verification criteria; 54 of these patients were diagnosed as having small‐cell anaplastic carcinoma (SCAC). None of the 31 patients with autopsy‐and/or biopsy‐proven disease had false‐positive results for SCAC. Typing accuracy for SCAC versus non‐SCAC was 97.7% in the 263 patients with histologic confirmation of their respiratory tract disease. Twenty‐three of the 54 patients (42.6%) were treated for SCAC solely on the basis of positive cytology in the context of compatible clinical data. This finding underscores the great importance of proper specimen preparation, quality control procedures, and diligent clinical follow‐up in an era of heightened cost‐containment awareness when many patients with pulmonary SCAC will be treated on the basis of positive cytology not immediately confirmed by histologic methods. Diagn Cytopathol 1988;4:202–205.
Cytopathologic detection of chlamydia trachomatis in vaginopancervical (fast) smears
Authors: Gupta Prabodh K. , Shurbaji Muhammad S. , Mintor Lori Jo , Ermatinger Susan V. , Myers Joseph , Quinn Thomas C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe value of the Papanicolaou‐stained vaginopancervical (Fast) smear in the detection of chlamydial infection has been disputed. We examined 116 satisfactory Fast smears from 203 women enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Fertility Control Clinic and compared tissue‐culture results with cytopathologic detection using various published morphologic criteria. All Chlamydia culture‐positive cases were reviewed, and certain cytologic features considered helpful in the detection of chlamydial infection in cervical smears obtained from this selected high‐risk population were identified. The changes that had the highest correlation with tissue culture included fine vacuolation ofmetaplastic endocervical cells, giving their cytoplasm a rarefied “moth‐eaten” appearance. Using these criteria, cytopathologic changes of chlamydial infection were observed in 24 of 28 cases of tissue‐culture‐positive cases and in 8 of 88 tissue‐culture‐negative cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the Fast‐smear cytodiagnosis of Chlamydia infection utilizing these morphologic changes and compared with tissue culture were 86% and 91%, respectively. Other cytologic features, including inflammatory background and intracytoplasmic structures consistent with initial and intermediate chlamydial bodies within the metaplastic cells, were found to be useful although less specific and less sensitive. The implications of these diagnostic features, the conditions to be considered in their differential diagnosis, and the pitfalls of chlamydial cytodiagnosis and the chlamydia culture studies have been critically reviewed. Study design and the high unsatisfactory cervical smear rate are discussed. Diagn Cytopathol 1988;4:224–229.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pulmonary carcinosarcoma with immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations
Authors: Finley James L. , Silverman Jan F. , Dabbs David J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features of a pulmonary carcinosarcoma diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy are presented. Both malignant epithelial groups and bizarre spindle‐shaped cells arranged in loose groups, microtissue fragments and in a dissociate fashion showed dual immunoperoxidase staining with cytokeratins and vimentin. Although the immunocytochemical staining pattern is typical of this neoplasm, it does not allow differentiation in all cases from the more common primary large‐cell undifferentiated carcinoma, which can also show dual staining for cytokeratin and vimentin. However, the presence of poorly differentiated epithelial groupings associated with a malignant mesenchymal component set in a myxoid stroma should suggest the correct diagnosis. Cytologically, differentiating carcinosarcoma, a poorly differentiated malignancy showing dual staining for cytokeratin and vimentin, from a large‐cell carcinoma is important, since the former may pursue a more indolent clinical course.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma metastatic to breast diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Ordóñez Nelson G. , Katz Ruth L. , Luna Mario A. , Samaan Naguib A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a patient with a 22‐yr history of medullary thyroid carcinoma in whom fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of a breast mass, clinically suspected of being a primary mammary carcinoma, established the diagnosis of metastasis. This article demonstrates the importance of the use of immunocytochemical methods on fine‐needle aspirates to diagnose metastases to the breast.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of meningiomas with unusual presentations
Authors: Bose Shikha , Kapila Kusum , Sarkar Chitra , Verma Kusum 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMeningiomas are not often aspirated unless they erode the skull, occur intraorbitally, or present as swelling in the head and neck region. We describe the cytologic findings of fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in four cases of meningioma that presented with swellings in the head and neck region. The patients underwent surgery, and the diagnosis of meningioma was confirmed. Three of the four cases were reported as aggressive meningiomas on histopathology.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone: Initial diagnosis by aspiration biopsy cytology
Authors: Kannan Vaidehi , Ruden David Von 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAspiration biopsy cytology by fine needle is becoming a popular diagnostic procedure for soft‐tissue lesions; it also can be used successfully to diagnose some lesions from bone. The value of this procedure for making the initial diagnosis is illustrated by a case in which a malignant fibrous histiocytoma from a skull bone afflicted with Paget's disease was aspirated and interpreted as a sarcoma. This was later confirmed and subclassi‐fied by histology and electron microscopy from the tissue. Diagn Cytopathol 1988;4:262–264.
Cytologic indicators of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation: An outpatient laboratory's experience
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is widely implicated as a primary etiologic factor in cervical carcinoma. Cytology plays an important role as the initial screening tool in the early detection of cervical lesions with koilocytotic features. The purpose of this study was to describe the various cytologic indicators of condylomatous lesions of the uterine cervix with histologic correlation. Cervical smears and biopsy specimens from 278 women seen in an outpatient clinical setting between January 1, 1985; and January 1, 1987, were reviewed. The histologic categories consisted of (1) flat condylomas with minimal cellular atypia; and (2) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), I, II, or III with atypical koilocytosis. Cytologically in 57 cases, flat condylomas were composed predominately of koilocytes containing large perinuclear halos and dyskeratotic cells. In the 221 cases of CIN with atypical koilocytosis, the cervical smears were composed predominantly of atypical koilocytes with large hyperchromatic nuclei and small perinuclear halos; a variable number of koilocytes with large perinuclear halos; pleomorphic dyskeratotic cells; and abnormal multinucleated cells. Mild, moderate, or severely dysplastic/carcinoma‐in‐situ cells (CIS) were also present. An understanding of the cytologic features associated with condylomatous lesions of the cervix will enable the cytopathologist to alert the clinician of the need to perform colposcopy with the appropriate follow‐up treatment.
Cytology of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: A cytologic, light microscopic, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical study of seven cases
Authors: Seidal Tomas , Walaas Lisa , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Angervall Lennart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA correlated cytologic and histologic study of seven cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is presented. The diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was established by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of the operative specimens. The cytologic appearance of the smears corresponded well with the histopathologic findings. Cytologically, two main cell types were distinguished: a predominant primitive, small round cell with scant cytoplasm and a large cell with an abundant cytoplasm, sometimes tadpole‐ or ribbon‐shaped. The tumor cells were often enclosed in a background of mucosubstances. The lack of cytologic features proving rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, such as cross‐striation, necessitates the use of additional methods in the cytologic diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The value of the embedding technique for ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemistry in the demonstration of desmin in aspirates is emphasized in the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.