bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults with dyslexia demonstrate attentional orienting deficits
Authors: Buchholz Judy , Aimola Davies Anne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlerting, orienting and executive control of attention are investigated in five adult cases of dyslexia. In comparison with a control group, alerting and executive control were found to be generally intact for each case. Two spatial cueing tasks were employed. For the task requiring target detection, orienting difficulties were evident only in peripheral locations. While orienting attention to parafoveal stimuli was intact for this detection task, it was found to be impaired for the discrimination task. These results are discussed with respect to the methodological differences of the two tasks. It is suggested that the observed orienting deficit may be specific to adjusting the size of attentional focus in individuals with dyslexia, and that this could contribute to the reading difficulties observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery for salivary gland neoplasms with base of skull invasion following neutron radiotherapy
Authors: Douglas James G. , Goodkin Robert , Laramore George E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to examine the outcome of patients treated with a planned gamma knife boost after completion of neutron radiotherapy for salivary gland neoplasms involving the base of skull.Methods.Thirty‐four patients with salivary gland neoplasms involving the base of skull were treated from 2001 to 2005 at our institution. These results were compared with a similar historical group treated at our institution from 1984 to 2000. The patients had the following characteristics: median age: 54 years (range, 23–80); median follow‐up period: 20.5 months (range, 4–55); women‐to‐men patient ratio: 1.1:1; histology: 29 adenoid cystic, 3 adenocarcinoma, 1 acinic cell, 1 mucoepidermoid; primary sites of disease: 6 nasopharyngeal, 14 paranasal sinuses, 4 parotid gland, 8 oral cavity, 1 lacrimal gland, and 1 auditory canal. All patients had gross residual disease at the time of treatment. The median neutron dose prescribed to isocenter was 19.2 nGy and the median dose to the effected temporal tip was 11.98 nGy. The median prescribed gamma knife dose was 12 Gy to the 50% isodose line. The median number of isocenters was 17. The median target volume treated was 12.4 cm3 (range, 1.9–28.9) with a median total volume treated of 18.3 cm3 (range, 5.9–53.9).Results.The 24‐month and 40‐month Kaplan–Meier estimated local control was 82% versus 81% (24 months) and 82% versus 39% (40 months; p = .04) for the gamma knife treated group versus historical controls (n = 61). Two of the 4 failures in the gamma knife–treated group occurred outside the boosted area. Complications were no greater in the gamma knife–treated group than in those treated with neutron radiotherapy alone.Conclusions.Patients with primary salivary gland neoplasms that involve the base of skull and are treated with neutron radiotherapy alone are at high risk of local recurrence. A gamma knife boost improves local control and adds little additional toxicity. These preliminary results suggest that all patients with salivary neoplasms and base of skull invasion should be considered for a gamma knife boost after primary treatment with neutron radiotherapy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Human CMV immediate‐early enhancer: a useful tool to enhance cell‐type‐specific expression from lentiviral vectors
Authors: Gruh Ina , Wunderlich Stephanie , Winkler Monica , Schwanke Kristin , Heinke Jennifer , Blömer Ulrike , Ruhparwar Arjang , Rohde Bettina , Li Ren‐Ke , Haverich Axel , Martin Ulrich 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundLentiviral vectors are attractive delivery tools for gene therapy, especially in terminally differentiated target cells. While restriction of gene expression to specific cell populations is of particular importance, highly efficient cell‐type‐specific gene expression after viral gene transfer so far has been hampered by low levels of transgene expression.MethodsAddressing this problem, we have integrated the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate‐early enhancer into an ‘advanced’ generation lentiviral vector. Expression cassettes with the reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP), combined with the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) under control of a ubiquitous phosphoglycerate kinase (mouse PGK), cardiomyocyte‐ (human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), human ventricular myosin light chain (MLC2v)), or type II alveolar epithelial cell (AT‐2)‐specific human surfactant protein C (SP‐C) promoter, were introduced. As insertion of an enhancing element can interfere with the promoter's specificity, expression levels conferred by our enhancer/promoter constructs were evaluated in target and non‐target cells.ResultsTransduction of target cells with human CMV enhancer containing lentiviral vectors resulted in a multiple‐log increase in GFP expression compared to corresponding vectors lacking the human CMV enhancer. In the case of the ANF, the MLC2v, and the SP‐C promoters, tissue‐specific reporter gene expression in cardiomyocytes and in lung AT‐2 cells was maintained, as expression in non‐target cells increased only up to 7‐fold.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that lentiviral vectors with the human CMV enhancer conferring efficient cell‐type‐specific gene expression may be useful tools for gene therapy purposes or cell tracing, e.g. to analyze stem cell differentiation in transplantation and co‐culture settings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An episode of geniospasm in sleep: Toward new insights into pathophysiology?
Authors: Kharraz Bita , Reilich Peter , Noachtar Soheyl , Danek Adrian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPolysomnography and needle electromyography were performed on three members of a family with hereditary geniospasm. Electromyography showed simultaneous bilateral discharges exclusively in the mentalis muscle. In one subject we documented a paroxysm of geniospasm during sleep phase 2. This activity ceased with the onset of REM sleep. In view of the mechanism of REM atonia and the bilateral chin EMG discharges, our findings support a supranuclear origin of the peculiar mentalis muscle paroxysms. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
A compact planar quad‐frequency broad‐band rectangular microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Abdelaziz A. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with four resonance frequencies is presented. The size of the proposed antenna is reduced using shorting wall and window techniques. The effect of window areas on the shorted antenna parameters has been studied. A planar triple‐frequency developed to quad‐frequency shorted MPA at frequencies 0.9, 1.8, 2.4, and 5.4 GHz has been studied. A bandwidth enhancement is achieved for the 0.9, 2.4, and 5.4 GHz frequencies. Fabrication and measurement of S11 for the proposed antenna has been done. The measured results have been compared with the simulated results using commercial software HFSS version‐8.0. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 22–24, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22974
Two‐dimensional parallel transmission line matrix solver for waveguide analysis
Authors: Altinbasak Caner , Ergene Lale T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTransmission line matrix (TLM) method is a very effective time domain method, which has been used for solving various electromagnetic problems including waveguide structures. In this study, the transient response of a rectangular waveguide is analyzed by using TLM algorithm which is also very suitable for the parallel computing. The problem is extended for parallel environment for the speed up and scalability analysis. Excellent agreement with analytical solution is reported. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 95–98, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22992
Model‐based and model‐free parametric analysis of breast dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Eyal Erez , Degani Hadassa 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA wide range of dynamic‐contrast‐enhanced (DCE) sequences and protocols, image processing methods, and interpretation criteria have been developed and evaluated over the last 20 years. In particular, attempts have been made to better understand the origin of the contrast observed in breast lesions using physiological models that take into account the vascular and tissue‐specific features that influence tracer perfusion. In addition, model‐free algorithms to decompose enhancement patterns in order to segment and classify different breast tissue types have been developed. This review includes a description of the mechanism of contrast enhancement by gadolinium‐based contrast agents, followed by the current status of the physiological models used to analyze breast DCE‐MRI and related critical issues. We further describe more recent unsupervised and supervised methods that use a range of different common algorithms. The model‐based and model‐free methods strive to achieve scientific accuracy and high clinical performance – both important goals yet to be reached. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining protein adducts of fipexide: mass spectrometry based assay for confirming the involvement of its reactive metabolite in covalent binding
Authors: Sleno Lekha , Varesio Emmanuel , Hopfgartner Gérard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFipexide is a nootropic drug, withdrawn from the market due to its idiosyncratic drug reactions causing adverse effects in man. Previous work on its metabolites has identified several potential reactive metabolites which could be implicated in protein binding. Here, we investigated the formation of these metabolites in rat and human hepatocytes. Based on these results, the o‐quinone of fipexide (FIP), formed via the demethylenation reaction through a catechol intermediate, was chosen for further investigation. Studies were then pursued in order to relate this metabolite to protein binding, and thus better understand potential mechanisms for the toxicity of the parent compound. An assay was developed for determining the fipexide catechol‐cysteine adduct in the microsomal protein fractions following in vitro incubations. This method digests the entire protein fraction into amino acids, followed by the detection of the Cys‐metabolite adduct by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We have designed a strategy where drug metabolism taking place in microsomal incubations and involved in protein binding can be assessed after the proteins have been digested, with the detection of the specific amino acid adduct. In this study, the structure of the fipexide adduct was hypothesized using knowledge previously gained in glutathione and N‐acetylcysteine trapping experiments. Acetaminophen was used as a positive control for detecting a drug metabolite‐cysteine adduct by LC/MS. This approach has the potential to be applicable as a protein‐binding assay in early drug discovery without the need for radioactive compounds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metacercariae of Galactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896) Looss, 1899 (Heterophyidae) from marine teleosts in the Gulf of Cagliari (southern Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Culurgioni Jacopo , D'Amico Valeria , Figus Vincenza 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGalactosomum lacteum (Jägerskiöld, 1896) Looss, 1899 metacercariae, encysted on the optic nerve, on the brain and/or on the muscle and the connective of the pharynx and oesophagus, were found in Spicara maena L., S. flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810, S. smaris L. (Centracanthidae), Gobius cruentatus Gmelin, 1789 (Gobiidae), Symphodus tinca L., S. mediterraneus L. (Labridae), Serranus cabrilla L. (Serranidae), Diplodus sargus L. and D. annularis L. (Sparidae) caught in the Gulf of Cagliari (southern Sardinia, Italy). Excysted specimens were identified by some distinctive morphological features: more or less expanded forebody, depending on whether the specimens were living or fixed; tubular excretory bladder extending to the posterior border of the ovary; two-chambered seminal vesicle; asymmetrical and parenchymatous ventral sucker with lines of spines within its cavity; and unarmed gonotyle. Comparison has been made with the congeneric species metacercaria, G. timondavidi Pearson & Prévot, 1971, also registered in the Mediterranean Sea.
GlobalANCOVA: exploration and assessment of gene group effects
Authors: Hummel Manuela , Meister Reinhard , Mansmann Ulrich 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Motivation: Several authors have studied expression in gene sets with specific goals: overrepresentation of interesting genes in functional groups, predictive power for class membership and searches for groups where the constituent genes show coordinated changes in expression under the experimental conditions. The purpose of this article is to follow the third direction. One important aspect is that the gene sets under analysis are known a priori and are not determined from the experimental data at hand. Our goal is to provide a methodology that helps to identify the relevant structural constituents (phenotypical, experimental design, biological component) that determine gene expression in a group.
Results: Gene-wise linear models are used to formalize the structural aspects of a study. The full model is contrasted with a reduced model that lacks the relevant design component. A comparison with respect to goodness of fit is made and quantified. An asymptotic test and a permutation test are derived to test the null hypothesis that the reduced model sufficiently explains the observed expression within the gene group of interest. Graphical tools are available to illustrate and interpret the results of the analysis. Examples demonstrate the wide range of application.
Availability: The R-package GlobalAncova (http://www.bioconductor.org) offers data and functions as well as a vignette to guide the user through specific analysis steps.
Contact: hummel@ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de
A profile-based deterministic sequential Monte Carlo algorithm for motif discovery
Authors: Liang Kuo-Ching , Wang Xiaodong , Anastassiou Dimitris 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Motivation: Conserved motifs often represent biological significance, providing insight on biological aspects such as gene transcription regulation, biomolecular secondary structure, presence of non-coding RNAs and evolution history. With the increasing number of sequenced genomic data, faster and more accurate tools are needed to automate the process of motif discovery.
Results: We propose a deterministic sequential Monte Carlo (DSMC) motif discovery technique based on the position weight matrix (PWM) model to locate conserved motifs in a given set of nucleotide sequences, and extend our model to search for instances of the motif with insertions/deletions. We show that the proposed method can be used to align the motif where there are insertions and deletions found in different instances of the motif, which cannot be satisfactorily done using other multiple alignment and motif discovery algorithms.
Availability: MATLAB code is available at http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~kcliang
Contact: xw2008@columbia.edu
Identification of linked regions using high-density SNP genotype data in linkage analysis
Authors: Lin Guohui , Wang Zhanyong , Wang Lusheng , Lau Yu-Lung , Yang Wanling 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMotivation: With the knowledge of large number of SNPs in human genome and the fast development in high-throughput genotyping technologies, identification of linked regions in linkage analysis through allele sharing status determination will play an ever important role, while consideration of recombination fractions becomes unnecessary.Results: In this study, we have developed a rule-based program that identifies linked regions for underlined diseases using allele sharing information among family members. Our program uses high-density SNP genotype data and works in the face of genotyping errors. It works on nuclear family structures with two or more siblings. The program graphically displays allele sharing status for all members in a pedigree and identifies regions that are potentially linked to the underlined diseases according to user-specified inheritance mode and penetrance. Extensive simulations based on the χ2 model for recombination show that our program identifies linked regions with high sensitivity and accuracy. Graphical display of allele sharing status helps to detect misspecification of inheritance mode and penetrance, as well as mislabeling or misdiagnosis. Allele sharing determination may represent the future direction of linkage analysis due to its better adaptation to high-density SNP genotyping data.Availability: http://paed.hku.hk/uploadarea/yangwl/html/index.htmlContact: yangwl@hkucc.hku.hkSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of stand structure and landscape characteristics on habitat use by birds and small mammals in managed boreal forest of eastern Canada
Authors: St-Laurent Martin-Hugues , Ferron Jean , Hins Caroline , Gagnon Réjean 
Published: November 2007

Community structure and relative abundance of 27 species of small mammals and forest birds were compared among three types of residual forest stands and unharvested control forest (CO). Treatments were young and old mosaics (a checkerboard pattern of residual and logged forest units of 85–100 ha each) and megablocks (residual stands of 250–300 ha isolated within a logged area of 2500–3000 ha). Relative abundances were also used to establish habitat use models (HUMs). We found no statistical difference in species relative abundances between treatments and COs, although small sample sizes limited statistical power. HUMs explained a large amount of variation in habitat use for 15 mammal and bird species (mean 57.4 ± 3.5%, ranging between 22.3% and 75.7%). Variance partitioning emphasized the importance of stand structure characteristics as the principal predictors of abundance for censused species. Our results suggested that mosaics and megablocks are both suitable configurations to maintain studied species because no species exhibited lower relative abundances in such residual forest stands than COs. We suggest that residual forest stands planning should shift from a strictly landscape perspective toward a more holistic approach that considers residual forest structure as well as landscape characteristics.
Long-term calcium addition increases growth release, wound closure, and health of sugar maple (Acer saccharum)trees at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
Authors: Huggett Brett A. , Schaberg Paul G. , Hawley Gary J. , Eagar Christopher 
Published: November 2007

We surveyed and wounded forest-grown sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees in a long-term, replicated Ca manipulation study at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. Plots received applications of Ca (to boost Ca availability above depleted ambient levels) or Al (to compete with Ca uptake and further reduce Ca availability). We found significantly greater total foliar and membrane-associated Ca in foliage of trees in plots fertilized with Ca when compared with trees from Al-addition and control plots (P = 0.005). Coinciding with foliar Ca differences, trees exhibited a significant difference in crown vigor and in percent branch dieback among treatments (P < 0.05), with a trend towards improved canopy health as Ca levels increased. Annual basal area increment growth for the years following treatment initiation (1998–2004) was significantly greater in trees subjected to Ca addition compared with trees in control and Al treatments. Treatment-related improvements in growth were particularly evident after overstory release following a 1998 ice storm. The amount of wound closure was also greatest for trees in Ca-addition plots relative to Al-addition and control plots (P = 0.041). These findings support evidence that ambient Ca depletion is an important limiting factor regarding sugar maple health and highlight the influence of Ca on wound closure and growth following release from competition.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Decreases the Nuclear Localization and Cellular Abundance of the p53 Tumor Suppressor in A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Murph Mandi M. , Hurst-Kennedy Jennifer , Newton Victoria , Brindley David N. , Radhakrishna Harish 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that promotes cancer cell proliferation and motility through activation of cell surface G protein–coupled receptors. Here, we provide the first evidence that LPA reduces the cellular abundance of the tumor suppressor p53 in A549 lung carcinoma cells, which express endogenous LPA receptors. The LPA effect depends on increased proteasomal degradation of p53 and it results in a corresponding decrease in p53-mediated transcription. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protected cells from the LPA-induced reduction of p53, which implicates this signaling pathway in the mechanism of LPA-induced loss of p53. LPA partially protected A549 cells from actinomycin D induction of both apoptosis and increased p53 abundance. Expression of LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3 receptors in HepG2 hepatoma cells, which normally do not respond to LPA, also decreased p53 expression and p53-dependent transcription. In contrast, neither inactive LPA1 (R124A) nor another Gi-coupled receptor, the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, reduced p53-dependent transcription in HepG2 cells. These results identify p53 as a target of LPA action and provide a new dimension for understanding how LPA stimulates cancer cell division, protects against apoptosis, and thereby promotes tumor progression. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(11):1201–11)
The Quantification of Violence Scale: a Simple Method of Recording Significant Violence
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Cooper Sylvia , Herbert Elizabeth , Duggan Conor , Crawford Mike , Joyce Eileen , Rutter Deborah , Seivewright Helen , O'Sullivan Sandra , Rao Bharti , Cicchetti Domenic , Maden Tony 
Published: November 2007

Background: Although there are many rating scales recording the incidence and intensity of violence there are none that are specifically concerned with the measurement and assessment of severe violence. Aims: To develop a scale sensitive to variation centred on severe violence, establish its normative values, test its feasibility, and assess its reliability and validity in different populations. Method: The Quantification of Violence Scale (QOVS) was developed in two stages. First, a list of 30 commonly eXperienced violent episodes in clinical psychiatric practice were evaluated and tested by weighting each episode by severity. Second, a numerical scale used to record the severity of the episode according to its degree of planning, intent and consequences. Violent episodes in two clinical populations were compared using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) and the preliminary version of the QOVS over periods up to 18 months, following which the numerical scale was developed. Results: Good (0.60—0.74) to EXcellent (> 0.75) test—retest and inter-rater reliability agreement was obtained with both forms of the scale (intra-class correlations of 0.75 and 0.69 respectively), and similar agreement with MOAS scores was reached (0.67) in clinical populations. The scale was quick and easy to use in practice, and a score defining severe violence (9 on the numerical scale and 16 on the matched scale) was determined. Conclusions: The QOVS, in its two forms, is a useful measure of recording significant violence in clinical and forensic practice.