bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and clinical relevance of abnormal complete blood counts in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Long Zsofia B. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Brooks Sandra L. , Fischbach Lori , Harris T. Robert , Eshelman Debra A. , Tomlinson Gail E. , Buchanan George R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the study was to determine the incidence and clinical significance of abnormal complete blood counts (CBCs) obtained during follow‐up of childhood cancer survivors.METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 193 survivors, diagnosed between 1970–1986, who were followed in our center's After Cancer Experience Program and are participants in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Of these patients, 49% were female and 25% were racial/ethnic minorities. The primary outcome was determination of the cumulative percentage of patients having an abnormal CBC by 2 or 3 standard deviations (SDs). Four components of the CBC were examined and employed to define an abnormal CBC: low white blood cell count (WBC), high mean corpuscular volume (MCV), low platelet count, and low hemoglobin concentration. Association of treatment exposures to abnormal values was assessed with a multilevel logistic model.RESULTSThere were 1297 patient visits during 1401 person‐years of follow‐up. The mean number of visits per survivor was 6.7 (SD 4.2). The cumulative percentage of subjects with at least one abnormal CBC was 70%. The cumulative percent of subjects with a value abnormal by 2 SD was WBC = 23%, MCV = 37%, platelets = 9%, hemoglobin = 49%. For values abnormal by 3 SD, the frequencies were WBC = 3%, MCV = 20%, platelets = 1%, hemoglobin = 27%. None of the patients developed myelodysplastic syndrome or a secondary leukemia during the follow‐up period. Exposure to epipodophyllotoxins was associated with an increased risk of having abnormally high MCV values.CONCLUSIONSMildly abnormal CBC values are common in survivors of childhood cancer. Abnormal values are often of questionable significance but seem to persist over time. Epipodophyllotoxin therapy was found to be associated with increased frequency of high MCV levels. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of two alternative methods for CD4+ T‐cell determination (Coulter manual CD4 count and CyFlow) against standard dual platform flow cytometry in Uganda
Authors: Karcher Heiko , Böhning Dankmar , Downing Robert , Mashate Silver , Harms Gundel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundIn this study we evaluated alternative CD4+ T‐cell counting methods in clients of a PMTCT Programme in rural Uganda.MethodsThe Coulter Manual CD4 Count method for CD4+ T‐cell enumeration (Cyto‐Spheres) and an automated method (volumetric, single‐platform flow cytometry; CyFlow) were compared with a standard, dual‐platform flow cytometry protocol (DPFC, FACScan).ResultsCorrelation and precision of agreement were higher for the CyFlow method (r = 0.929 and η = 0.08) when compared to DPFC than for the Cyto‐Spheres method (r = 0.725 and η = 0.3). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that CD4+ cell counts by the CyFlow method were a stronger predictor for results of DPFC than those of the Cyto‐Spheres method (r2 = 0.864 and r2 = 0.552, respectively). When compared to DPFC the CyFlow method generated higher CD4+ cell counts than the Cyto‐Spheres method, as expressed by a higher median and mean difference (+70 and +90 cells for CyFlow, +28 and −1.4 cells for Cyto‐Spheres).ConclusionBoth, the manual Cyto‐Spheres method and the CyFlow method can be used for the enumeration of CD4+ cells in resource‐limited settings. Under supervised conditions, the CyFlow method produced results more consistent with the reference method than the Cyto‐Spheres method. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
The First Centrohexaindane Bearing Twelve Functional Groups at Its Outer Molecular Periphery and Related Lower Veratrole‐Derived Centropolyindanes
Authors: Harig Marco , Kuck Dietmar 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe first Td‐symmetrical derivative of centrohexaindane bearing twelve functional groups has been synthesized. Six pairs of methoxy groups, each of which belong to six veratrole units fused to the topologically nonplanar (K5) core, point outwards from the molecular center into the six directions of the Cartesian space. The synthesis of this first dodeca‐substituted centrohexaindane was achieved along the “propellane route” established previously for the parent centrohexaindane, but the electron‐rich character of some of the intermediates was found to require considerably modified methodology. Two hexamethoxy‐substituted centrotriindanes, representing lower congeners of the title compound and bearing three veratrole units, were also synthesized. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
In vivo mutagenesis in the lungs of gpt‐delta transgenic mice treated intratracheally with 1,6‐dinitropyrene
Authors: Hashimoto Akiko H. , Amanuma Kimiko , Hiyoshi Kyoko , Takano Hirohisa , Masumura Ken‐ichi , Nohmi Takehiko , Aoki Yasunobu 
Published: February 2006

Abstract1,6‐Dinitropyrene (1,6‐DNP) is a ubiquitous airborne pollutant found in diesel exhaust. In this study, mutagenesis was examined in the lungs of gpt‐delta transgenic mice after intratracheal instillation of 0–0.1 mg 1,6‐DNP. In addition, the 1,6‐DNP‐induced gpt mutation spectrum was compared with that of control mice. A single intratracheal injection of 0–0.05 mg 1,6‐DNP resulted in significant dose‐dependent increases in mutant frequency; the induced mutant frequency declined at the 0.1 mg dose. The average lung mutant frequencies at doses of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg 1,6‐DNP were 2.9‐, 4.1‐, and 1.9‐times higher than for control mice ((0.50 ± 0.16) × 10−5). The major mutations induced by 1,6‐DNP included G:C→A:T transitions, G:C→T:A transversions, and 1‐base deletions. Among the G:C→A:T transitions isolated from 1,6‐DNP‐treated mice, five (at nucleotide positions 64, 110, 115, 116, and 418) were observed in four or more animals. These positions therefore are potential hotspots for 1,6‐DNP mutation. The predominant frameshift mutations following 1,6‐DNP treatment included single base pair deletions at G:C (9/13 = 69%). The results of this study indicate that 1,6‐DNP is mutagenic for the lungs of mice. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of occupational exposure to welding fumes by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectroscopy and by the alkaline Comet assay
Authors: Botta Céline , Iarmarcovai Gwenaëlle , Chaspoul Florence , Sari‐Minodier Irène , Pompili Jocelyne , Orsière Thierry , Bergé‐Lefranc Jean‐Louis , Botta Alain , Gallice Philippe , De Méo Michel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWelding fumes are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. In the current study, blood and urine concentrations of aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were monitored by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) in 30 welders and in 22 controls. In addition, DNA damage was examined in the lymphocytes of these subjects by the alkaline Comet assay. Two biological samples were taken from the welders at the beginning (BW) and at the end (EW) of a work week. In controls, collection of samples was limited to BW. Blood concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb were higher in the welders than in the control group while higher concentrations of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb were detected in welder urines. There was no significant difference in the metal concentrations for the BW and EW welder samples. Increased levels of DNA damage were found in lymphocytes from welders as compared to the controls, and 20/30 welders had higher levels of DNA lesions in the EW than in the BW samples. Age had a significant effect on DNA damage in the control group. Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicated that there were positive correlations between blood concentrations of Al, Co, Ni, and Pb and the levels of DNA damage. A negative correlation was found between DNA damage and Mn in blood, while there was a positive correlation between urinary Mn concentration and DNA damage. These data indicate that occupational exposure to welding fumes increases DNA damage in lymphocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance analysis of an integrated tangential microfilter‐fermenter
Authors: Naja Ghinwa , Volesky Bohumil , Schnell Andre 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA specially designed bioreactor including an axial microfilter for cell retention was evaluated for continuous‐flow operation with selected liquid media as controls and in aerobic cultivations of Saccharomyces yeasts. In the initial tests, performance characteristics such as filtration rates and cell accumulation were assessed as a function of filter rotational speed, operating pressure, cultivation time and microfilter type (i.e. membrane or porous metal). The bioreactor did not perform satisfactorily when viscous extracellular polymer was present in the liquid. In the continuous‐flow culture enabling cell retention, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell concentrations were enhanced by as much as 16‐fold over ordinary batch growth. Concomitant filtration rates were stable over operating times of up to 130 h and hence were independent of the cell concentration. The maximum steady‐state flux was enhanced at rotational speeds up to 400‐700 rpm ranging from 22 to 42 L m−2 h−1. Higher rotation rates offered no further improvements. The maximum stabilized flux was independent of operating pressure. Pressure increases caused momentary flux improvements, which rapidly declined and eventually restabilized. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Biotransformation of isoflavones by Aspergillus niger as biocatalyst
Authors: Miyazawa Mitsuo , Takahashi Koji , Araki Hideo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBiotransformation of the isoflavones, 6,7,4′‐trimethoxyisoflavone (1) and 5,7,4′‐trimethoxyisoflavone (2) by Aspergillus niger was investigated. Compound 1 was transformed to 4′‐hydroxy‐6,7‐dimethoxyisoflavone (3) and 2 to 4′‐hydroxy‐5,7‐dimethoxyisoflavone (4). This suggested that 1 and 2 were demethylated at the C‐4′ position with regioselectivity by Aspergillus niger. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Biosorption potential of Neurospora crassa cells for decolorization of Acid Red 57 (AR57) dye
Authors: Akar Tamer , Demir Temir A , Kiran Ismail , Ozcan Adnan , Ozcan A Safa , Tunali Sibel 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBiosorption of Acid Red 57 (AR57) on to Neurospora crassa was studied with variation of pH, contact time, biosorbent and dye concentrations and temperature to determine equilibrium and kinetic models. The AR57 biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attained within 40 min. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models were applied to experimental equilibrium data for AR57 biosorption at various temperatures. The equilibrium data fitted very well to all the equilibrium models in the studied concentration range of AR57. Maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) of AR57 on to N. crassa was 2.16 × 10−4 mol g−1 at 20 °C. The kinetics of biosorption of AR57 were analyzed and rate constants were derived. The overall biosorption process was best described by a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of biosorption were also evaluated for the biosorption of AR57 on to N. crassa. The results indicate that the biosorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization and bleaching properties of acid‐leached montmorillonite
Authors: Temuujin Jadambaa , Senna Mamoru , Jadambaa Tsedev , Burmaa Dashdendev , Erdenechimeg Shaarii , MacKenzie Kenneth JD 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAfter being subjected to preliminary purification, montmorillonite clay was leached with varying concentrations of sulfuric acid (0.5–2 mol L−1) at 90 °C for varying times (0.5–4 h). Acid leaching causes partial amorphization of the montmorillonite and increases its specific surface area by a factor of 3 (from 49.1 to 157 m2 g−1). The bleaching efficiency for Mongolian mare's milk oil, as judged by light absorbance measurements at 400 nm, was increased from 9.5% for the unleached clay to 93.8% for clay leached with 2 mol L−1 H2SO4 for 4 h. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and characterization of mono‐PEGylated consensus interferon by a novel polyethylene glycol derivative
Authors: Yun Qiang , Xing Wenchao , Ma Guanghui , Su Zhiguo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTraditional PEGylation strategy of peptide and protein usually results in heterogeneous products with wide molecular weight distribution. Mono‐PEGylated consensus interferon (C‐IFN) with homogeneous molecular weight was prepared by a novel methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) derivative. 2‐Fluoro‐1‐methylpyridinium toluene‐4‐sulfonate (FMP) was applied to activate mPEG and a novel functionalized mPEG derivative (FMP‐mPEG) was obtained. The reactivity of FMP‐mPEG toward amino groups of C‐IFN was evaluated, and the heterogeneity of PEGylated protein was identified by high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). Finally, the PEGylated C‐IFN was separated from intact protein by cation‐exchange chromatography. The results indicated that PEGylation process was dependent on pH dramatically and the modification degree was increased with the increasing molar excess of FMP‐mPEG. Under optimized condition, mono‐PEGylated C‐IFN with molecule weight of 24.64 kDa was achieved. Further investigation ofin vitrobiological activities demonstrated that about 88% of antiviral activity was maintained by the mono‐PEGylated C‐IFN. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
In vivo effect of growth hormone on the expression of connexin‐43 in bovine ovarian follicles
Authors: Kaiser Germán G. , Kölle Sabine , Boie Gudrun , Sinowatz Fred , Palma Gustavo A. , Alberio Ricardo H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study assessed the in vivo effects of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) administration on the expression of connexin‐43 (Cx43) in bovine ovarian follicles. Two independent experiments were carried out using either estrous unsynchronized or synchronized multiparous Aberdeen Angus cows. rGH‐treated animals were inoculated with a single dose of hormone (500 mg, intramuscular) while control animals were inoculated with hormone diluent. Five and 14 days after treatment (Experiments 1 and 2, respectively), ovarian Cx43 and apoptosis expression were assessed using immunohistochemistry. In both experiments primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles from rGH‐treated and control groups distinctly expressed Cx43 protein. Primordial and atretic follicles were Cx43‐negative. Interestingly, the number of Cx43 dots per granulosa cell did not show significant variation at different folliculogenesis stages neither in the rGH‐treated nor in the control group. In unsynchronized animals, Cx43‐positive follicles per total number of follicles ratio showed an interaction between stage of folliculogenesis and treatment due to significant differences between treatment groups in the early secondary follicle stage. In synchronized animals, there were significant differences between treatment groups and folliculogenesis stage. In both experiments, atretic follicles showed apoptosis‐related DNA‐fragmentation as determined by terminal uridin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Tertiary follicles presented moderate TUNEL staining. Our results show significant increment in the number of ovarian follicles expressing the gap junction subunit Cx43 after in vivo rGH treatment. Therefore, we conclude that growth hormone can modulate in vivo gap junction assembly at early stages of folliculogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of the ovine interferon‐tau gene by a blastocyst‐specific transcription factor, Cdx2
Authors: Imakawa Kazuhiko , Kim Min‐Su , Matsuda‐Minehata Fuko , Ishida Shohei , Iizuka Masateru , Suzuki Masako , Chang Kyu‐Tae , Echternkamp Sherrill E. , Christenson Ronald K. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractExpression of ovine interferon‐tau (oIFNτ), a factor essential for the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminant ungulates, is restricted to the trophoblast. However, the molecular mechanisms by which oIFNτ expression is restricted to the trophectoderm have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine whether oIFNτ gene transcription could be regulated through Cdx2 expression, a transcription factor implicated in the control of cell differentiation in the trophectoderm. Human choriocarcinoma JEG3 cells were co‐transfected with an oIFNτ (−654 base pair, bp)‐luciferase reporter (−654‐oIFNτ‐Luc) construct and several transcription factor expression plasmids. Compared to −654‐oIFNτ‐Luc alone, transcription of the −654‐oIFNτ‐Luc increased more than 30 times when this construct was co‐transfected with Cdx2, Ets‐2, and c‐jun. The degree of transcription decreased to 1/4 levels when the upstream region was reduced to −551 bp, and became minimal with further deletions; this was confirmed with the use of the reporter constructs with mutated c‐jun, Ets‐2, and/or Cdx2 sites. In trophoblast unrelated NIH3T3 cells, which do not support IFNτ gene transcription, the oIFNτ‐Luc transcription was enhanced approximately eightfold when the cells were co‐transfected with the Cdx2/Ets‐2 or Cdx2/Ets‐2/c‐jun expression plasmids. These findings were confirmed by gel‐shift assays examining Cdx binding site on the oIFNτ gene's upstream region, by immunohistochemical study identifying the presence of Cdx2 in day 15 and 17 ovine conceptuses, and by Western blot detecting Cdx2 in day 17 conceptuses. Our results indicate that oIFNτ gene transcription is regulated by Cdx2, and suggest that Cdx2 could be a key molecule in determining oIFNτ gene transcription by the trophectoderm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of multiple claudins in the rat epididymis
Authors: Gregory Mary , Cyr Daniel G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe luminal environment of the epididymis is highly specialized with specific proteins, ions, pH, etc. required for sperm maturation. Tight junctions between epididymal principal cells are responsible for the formation of the blood–epididymal barrier, which regulates this luminal environment. Claudins (Cldns) are a recently discovered family of transmembrane proteins and are essential components of tight junctions. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated the presence and localization of Cldn‐1 in all regions of the rat epididymis. The objective of this study was to determine the presence and localization of other Cldns in the epididymis. Using RT‐PCR we have identified mRNA transcripts for Cldn‐3 through ‐9 in each region of the adult rat epididymis. Immunolocalization of Cldn‐3, Cldn‐4, and Cldn‐5 were done in adult as well as in 42‐ and 14‐day‐old rats. Cldn‐5 in adult rats was localized exclusively in blood vessels of the interstitium. Cldn‐3 was localized apically in the epididymal epithelium between adjacent principal cells throughout the epididymis, where tight junctions have been reported histologically. There were no differences in the localization of Cldn‐3 in epididymides of rats at the different ages. In 14‐day‐old rats, Cldn‐4 was localized all along the lateral plasma membrane between adjacent principal cells. The immunostaining was more pronounced in the proximal regions of the epididymis. In both 42‐day‐old rats and adults, Cldn‐4 was localized primarily to apical tight junctions between principal cells and staining was more pronounced in the proximal region of the epididymis. Cldn‐16 transcripts were also identified by RT‐PCR. These transcripts were present in both proximal and distal regions of the epididymis of young (Day 14 and 21) animals, but only in the proximal (initial segment) region of the adult epididymis. These data indicate that epididymal tight junctions are composed of several Cldns, suggestive of a complex regulation of the blood–epididymal barrier. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of a transgenic piglet by a sperm injection technique in which no chemical or physical treatments were used for oocytes or sperm
Authors: Yong Hwan Yul , Hao Yanhong , Lai Liangxue , Li Rongfeng , Murphy Clifton N. , Rieke August , Wax David , Samuel Melissa , Prather Randall S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAs a method of producing transgenic animals, spermatozoa have been used to fertilize mammalian oocytes through natural copulation, artificial insemination (AI), and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Our objective was to produce live piglets expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by the modified ICSI procedure based on Yong et al. (2003) (Hum. Reprod. 18:2390) where this procedure resulted in an improvement in development in vitro as compared to conventional ICSI and IVF. After injecting frozen‐thawed sperm, recovered from the descendant of a transgenic boar derived by oocyte transduction, into in vitro matured oocytes the injected oocytes were surgically transferred into the oviduct of six surrogate gilts. Two gilts (33%) became pregnant. One gave birth to a healthy male piglet. Expression of the eGFP was easily observed in the nose and hooves by direct epifluorescent examination in the newborn piglet. These results show the production of the first viable transgenic piglet by in vitro maturation and our new sperm injection method. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mobility management support and performance analysis for wireless MPLS networks
Authors: Langar Rami , Tohme Samir , Bouabdallah Nizar 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMulti‐Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is deployed in the Internet backbone to support service differentiation and traffic engineering. In recent years, there has been interest in extending the MPLS capability to wireless access networks for mobility management support. In this paper, we present analysis of Micro Mobile MPLS, a new micro‐mobility management scheme which integrates the Mobile IP and MPLS protocols by using two‐level hierarchy architecture. Our proposal supports two protocol variants. First, the fast handoff process, which anticipates the LSP procedure set‐up with neighboring locations where a mobile node (MN) may move to, is provided to reduce service disruption. Second, a new mechanism based on the forwarding chain concept is proposed to track efficiently the host mobility within a domain. This concept can significantly reduce registration update costs and provide low handoff latency. Analytical models are developed and simulations are conducted to justify the benefits of our proposed mechanisms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How and why small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) engage with their communities: an Australian study
Authors: Madden Kym , Scaife Wendy , Crissman Kathryn 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

While many studies address corporate philanthropy and corporate community involvement, limited work has been conducted internationally in small to medium businesses and even less has been elucidated about the Australian small business landscape.

This article reports findings from qualitative research investigating giving to community causes by 52 small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) across Australia.

Three key questions addressed in this article are: (1) why SMEs engage with community (2) how they engage with community and (3) obstacles they perceive in giving.

Our findings suggest that SMEs have a preference to avoid cash gifts, prefer to support local causes and would benefit from the development of best practice giving guidelines and templates.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.