bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Recently FDA Approved
Anticancer Drugs: An Updated Review
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Agrawal Anurag , Singh Anuj Kumar , Banik Bimal Krishna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract::
Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been significant advancements in the
field of cancer treatment, resulting in markedly improved outcomes for patients. This review provides
an updated view of some recently developed and FDA-approved small molecules that have been used
to treat various types of cancer on different indications and targets. Some popular search engines,
such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc., were considered for the literature review, and drugs approved
by the FDA from 2019 to 2023 were considered for study in this review. This review focuses on the
mechanism of actions and targets via which these FDA-approved small molecules could demonstrate
their clinical efficacy. Moreover, this review would pave the way for the scientific community to look
into the chemical structures of these small molecules to discover more small synthetic compounds
after modification based on structural activity that might be useful in treating various types of cancer.
However, much attention is being paid to how new therapies and tools will change how cancer is
treated in the coming years. This review indicated the increased rate of approvals by the FDA for oncology
treatment during 2019-2023. This surge is primarily driven by the approval of targeted therapies
and the introduction of novel therapeutic approaches.
Recurrent Wheezing in a Child: Unraveling Atypical Presentations of Cystic Fibrosis and Polymorphisms: A Case Report
Authors: Presti Santiago , Lo Bianco Manuela , Papale Maria , Balconara Desiree , Tosto Monica , Sciuto Laura , Mollica Federico , Mule Enza , Aloisio Donatella , Rotolo Novella 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cystic Fibrosis (CF), is the most common, life-limiting, single-gene disease
affecting the Caucasian population, with a reported incidence of1/3500 births. It is inherited
in an autosomal recessive fashion and its diagnosis is notably challenging, since in several cases
CF may not be detected by the newborn screening test and the sweat test, which are frequently reported
negative of with doubtful results, especially in cases with atypical symptoms at onset or
with uncommon mutations or polymorphisms.

Case Presentation:
In this case, we present a case of CF presented with recurrent wheezing, reporting
multiple negative or borderline sweat tests. The genetic evaluation revealed delta F508
(CF- causing) and heterozygous poly T5 polymorphism TG11 (TG)11T5.

Conclusion:
The importance of this case lies in the recognition of wheezing as a symptom and
not as a disease, thus many conditions such as CF have to be considered in its diagnostic process.
Finally, it is of utmost importance to bear in mind that many mutations or polymorphisms might
evade newborn screening and sweat tests.
The Relationship between Breast Cancer Subtypes, Prognostic Factors, and
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis
Authors: Aktas Elif , Uylar Seber Tugba , Seber Turgut , Burcek Nihan Vasfiye , Akay Ebru , Arslan Alaettin , Karagöz Eren Saliha , Ozhan Nail , Yaltırık Bilgin Ezel , Savran Burcu , Akdur Pınar 
Published: April 2024

Background::
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful method to evaluate tumor biology and tumor microstructure. The apparent diffusion
coefficient (ADC) value correlates negatively with the cellular density of the tumor.

Objective::
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the ADC histogram analysis in showing the relationship between breast cancer prognostic
factors and ADC parameters.

Methods::
This study is a retrospective observational descriptive study. ADC histogram parameters were evaluated in all tumor volumes of 67 breast cancer
patients. Minimum, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95 percentiles, maximum, mean, median ADC values, kurtosis, and skewness were calculated. Breast
MRI examinations were performed on a 3T MR scanner. We evaluated the fibroglandular tissue density of bilateral breasts, background
enhancement, localization of masses, multifocality-multicentricity, shape, rim, internal contrast enhancement, and kinetic curve on breast MRI. BIRADS
scoring was performed according to breast MRI. Pathologically, histologic type, histologic grade, HER 2, Ki 67, ER-, and PR status were
evaluated.

Results::
A significant correlation was found between tumor volume and ADC scores. There is a significant correlation between min ADC values (p<
0.031), max ADC (p< 0.001), and skewness (p< 0.019). A significant correlation was found between tumor kurtosis and lymph nodes (p< 0.029).
There was a significant difference in ADC mean, ADC10%, ADC25%, ADC50%, ADC75%, ADC90%, ADC 95% and ADCmax values depending on ER-and PRstatus.
(for ER p = 0.004, p = 0.018, p = 0.010, p = 0.008, p = 0.004, p = 0.004, p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p = 0.038, for PR p < 0.001, p = 0.028, p =
0.011, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p =<0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively; p < 0.05). These values were lower in ER-and PR-positive status
than in ER-and PR-negative receptor status. According to HER2 status, there was a statistically significant difference in ADC5% and measurements
of the lesions (p = 0.041; p < 0.05). Our study found no significant correlation between other prognostic factors, such as histological grade, Ki-67
indices, and ADC values.

Conclusion::
Our study found a significant difference between tumor volume, ER- and, PR status, HER2, and lymph node involvement, and some ADC values
among prognostic factors for breast cancer. Furthermore, ADC histogram analysis can provide additional value in predicting some prognostic
factors.
Bibliometric Review of Optimization and Image Processing of Positron Emission
Tomography (PET) Imaging System between 1981-2022
Authors: Murat Husain , Awang Kechik Mohd Mustafa , Chew Ming Tsuey , Kamal Izdihar , Abdul Karim Muhammad Khalis 
Published: April 2024

Background::
PET scan stands as a valuable diagnostic tool in nuclear medicine, enabling the observation of metabolic and physiological changes at a molecular
level. However, PET scans have a number of drawbacks, such as poor spatial resolution, noisy images, scattered radiation, artifacts, and radiation
exposure. These challenges demonstrate the need for optimization in image processing techniques.

Objectives::
Our objective is to identify the evolving trends and impacts of publication in this field, as well as the most productive and influential countries,
institutions, authors, themes, and articles.

Methods::
A bibliometric study was conducted using a comprehensive query string such as “positron emission tomography” AND “image processing” AND
optimization to retrieve 1,783 publications from 1981 to 2022 found in the Scopus database related to this field of study.

Results::
The findings revealed that the most influential country, institution, and authors are from the USA, and the most prevalent theme is TOF PET image
reconstruction

Conclusion::
The increasing trend in publication in the field of optimization of image processing in PET scans would address the challenges in PET scan by
reducing radiation exposure, faster scanning speed, as well as enhancing lesion identification.
Colour Doppler Sonography of the Ovarian Vein: Recognition and Associated
Lesions
Authors: Su Chen , Wang Tiezheng , Qi Hengtao 
Published: April 2024

Aim::
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of colour Doppler sonography for ovarian veins. The clinical incidence of ovarian
venous lesions is relatively low and often overlooked. The ovarian veins are located deep in the pelvis, and they are relatively elongated, which
could make medical imaging more difficult. Therefore, there is limited literature on the diagnosis of ovarian venous disease. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of colour Doppler sonography towards ovarian vein.

Methods::
A total of 37 consecutive patients with clinically suspected ovarian venous disorders were included. All the patients underwent colour Doppler
sonography. CTV was performed in 31 patients, while retrograde phlebography was performed in 6 patients. CT/phlebography was the established
diagnostic criterion for ovarian vein disorders. The SPSS 22.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and
negative predictive values for colour Doppler sonography were calculated. k-test was used to evaluate consistency between colour Doppler
sonography and CT/phlebography.

Results::
In the 37 patients,18 cases were positive for ovarian vein disorders and 19 cases were negative, as assessed with colour Doppler sonography. The
associated lesions included ovarian vein thrombosis (7 cases), ovarian varicocele (3 cases), and ovarian venous leiomyoma (8 cases). The
calculated values of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value were 94.4%, 94.7%, 94.4%, and 94.7%, respectively. The
overall accuracy rate was 94.9%. The k level of the degree of agreement between CT/phlebography and colour Doppler sonography was 0.892.

method:
A total of 37 consecutive patients with clinically suspected ovarian venous disorders were included. All the patients underwent colour Doppler sonography. CTV was performed in 31 patients, while retrograde phlebography was performed in 6 patients. CT/phlebography was the established diagnostic criterion for ovarian vein disorders. The SPSS 22.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for colour Doppler sonography were calculated. k-test was used to evaluate consistency between colour Doppler sonography and CT/phlebography.

Conclusion::
Colour doppler sonography can provide sufficient imaging information. In clinical ultrasonography, attention should be paid to recognizing and
detecting ovarian venous lesions.
Applicability of QbD-assisted Analytical Method for Simultaneous Detection
of Tetrahydrocurcumin and Folic Acid in Developed Nanostructured Lipid
Carriers
Authors: Kumari Parina , Beg Sarwar , Singh Kamalinder K. , Kakkar Vandita 
Published: April 2024

Aims:
Applicability of QbD-assisted analytical method for simultaneous detection of tetrahydrocurcumin
and folic acid in developed nanostructured.

Background:
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a multifactorial disorder that involves chronic inflammation,
oxidative stress and neuropathy. Current treatment therapies involving the use of growth factors
and skin substitutes being costly, are out of reach for the majority of patients. The present research
explored the usefulness of (5929IN008, application number 202211045937), a combination of tetrahydrocurcumin
and folic acid-loaded nanostructured lipidic carriers.

Objectives:
To develop and validate a QbD-assisted method for simultaneous analysis of tetrahydrocurcumin
(THC) and folic acid (FA). Applicability of the above method to determine total drug content
(TDC) and entrapment efficiency (EE) of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded THC and
FA.

Methods:
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed, optimized
and validated using Box-Behnken design for improved method performance. Chromatographic separation
was conducted on a Supelco 250 x 4.6 mm (5 μm) column with optimized mobile phase composition
containing tetrahydrofuran: citric acid buffer pH 3.5 (50:50) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL.min-1
and diode array detection between 210 and 360 nm.

Results:
The method developed in a concentration range of 1 to 100 μg.mL-1 was found to be linear
(R2 0.999, p≤0.001), accurate (99.10-101.70%) and precise with high recovery values in intra and
inter-day results. The system adaptability and robustness evaluation revealed that the percent recovery
ranged from 96.90 to 102.80%, and the percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) values were
less than 2%. Moreover, the method was further applied for the determination of TDC (86±6% and
96±8%) and drug EE (81±21% and 73±13%) for THC and FA, respectively.

Conclusion:
The investigation indicated the applicability of the developed and validated method for
the estimation of THC and FA in the developed nanostructured lipidic carriers.
Antioxidant Properties of Resveratrol in the Brain Tissues of Rats after Radiotherapy
Authors: Ghavipanjeh Gholamreza , Ardjmand Abolfazl , Farzin Mohammad Amin , Alani Behrang , Aliasgharzadeh Akbar , Kheiripour Nejat , Farhood Bagher , Taeb Shahram , Najafi Masoud 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of herbal products
as complementary or alternative therapies for cancer patients. RVT has been extensively studied for
its potential role in managing oxidative stress in cancer patients undergoing treatment.

Methods:
In this study, the radioprotective effects of Resveratrol (RVT) (200 mg/kg) were evaluated
in the brain tissues of rats after Radiation Therapy (RT). 20 male adult Wistar rats weighing 180–200
g were used. The animals were exposed to single-fraction Irradiation (IR) (15 Gy) using a linear
accelerator unit (Siemens Primus) at a dosage rate of 200 cGy/min at a distance of 100 cm from the
source to the axis.

Results:
The results of the study showed that compared to the IR group, administration of RVT decreased
the levels of MDA and NOx, and increased the levels of CAT and SOD significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Finally, our finding suggests that RVT could have radioprotective effects on the brain
by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms.
The Potential of Traditional Medicine in Combating COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Amin Tasbir , Hossain Amana , Jerin Nusrat , Bin Mannan Shahnewaj , Akter Noor Jahan , Hossain Murad , Ahmed Monir Uddin , Sultana Jinath , Bulbul Nayeema , Safa Ashrafus , Asaduzzaman Md. , Fakruddin Md. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to review the existing data on traditional medicine in
reducing the symptoms of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. We also
investigated the adverse impact, patient outcome, source, and mode of action of traditional medicine.
A brief comparison was made on adverse impacts and symptom alleviation of the commercially
available drugs as well.

Methods:
We utilized PubMed, Scopus, WHO (GHL), and VHL in order to choose the eligible studies
for the systematic review between July and August 2022. From a total of 12,263 studies, after a
series of screening, 285 articles were identified in the final sample. The methodological evaluation
was carried out accordingly.

Results:
There is a growing literature on the usage of traditional medicine for COVID-19. The majority
of the studies have shown positive outcomes even though they were not carried out at diverse
locations around the world. We identified that the majority (17.4%) of the traditional medicine was
derived from plants. The average time in the disappearance of the symptoms was 8.8 days, whereas
the disappearance of symptoms using conventional drugs (Remdesevir, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab,
Baricitinib, Famotidine, Ensitrelvir and Molnupiravir) was around 12 days. The mode of action of
traditional medicine was mostly the reduction of viral load (50%). In terms of the severity of the
patients, most of the patients (37.5%) had mild symptoms. We also found that no major adverse impact
was reported on administering the traditional medicine among the patients. Further, the majority
of the study was carried out in the Asian region, mostly in China.

Conclusion:
Apart from expanding the study to different regions of the world, to improve the quality
of data, larger-scale clinical studies in the Asian region are required.
Model of a Prototype Expert System for the Formation of a Simple Classifier of Competencies
Authors: Brezhnev A. V. , Dorozhkin S. D. , Tivikov P. S. 
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the research is to describe the process of creating an expert system that compares competency models and professional standards with the current needs of the labor market.Methods are based on an analysis of the principles of developing competencies and include a systematic analysis of labor market requirements, the use of methods for comparative analysis of graduates’ competencies and the needs of employers using statistical data. Тhe research is aimed at solving the fundamental problem of matching the skills of specialists with the needs of the labor market. Аs part of this work, an extensive search of data sources was carried out, including an analysis of graduate employment reports and requirements for specialists, during which a discrepancy between the competencies of graduates and the needs of employers was identified.Results. Аs a result of the research, a unified database was created containing information about universities, their areas, competencies and graduates, as well as requirements for the future expert system were formulated, its architecture was developed, and a model for representing knowledge about compliance was described. Тhis system will be able to provide recommendations for improving competencies based on a comparison of labor market requirements.Conclusion. Тhe expert system created on the basis of this work provides operational capabilities for solving issues of matching supply and demand in the labor market, will increase the effectiveness of training, and will help meet the needs of employers for experienced specialists. Тhis concept has several positive aspects, such as increasing the efficiency of training, reducing time resources, publicity and accessibility. Such a system will increase the competitiveness of applicants, as well as satisfy organizations in need of experienced specialists.
The Effect of Honey on Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections among Patients Attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital
Authors: Alain Prudence Ishimwe , Pierre Celestin Munezero , Hiberte Migabo , Josue Itangimbabazi , Eric Saramba 
Published: April 2024

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur when bacteria enter the urethra from the skin or rectum and infect the bladder, causing symptoms. UTIs are becoming increasingly multidrug-resistant, with some drugs no longer effective in treatment. According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), honey has been shown to have high osmotic pressure and high acidity that prevent the multiplication of bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of honey on bacteria isolated from urine samples collected from patients with UTI’s attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital.
Methodology: Urine samples were collected in sterile containers at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital and transported to the microbiology laboratory at the Ruhengeri Institute of Higher Education (INES Ruhengeri). Two types of honey, raw and processed were used as antimicrobial agents on bacteria isolated from UTIs. Various methods were used to isolate and identify bacterial isolates, including culture on solid medium, gram staining, and biochemical tests.
Results: The most commonly isolated bacterium was S. aureus (33.3%) which is in the second group of bacteria susceptible to honey, followed by P. aeruginosa (13.8%) and CoNS (13.8%). E. coli, K. pneumonia, and Streptococcus spp. each accounted for 11.2%. The former and the latter were the most susceptible bacteria to natural honey honey (mIZ = 36 ±2.83; ±4.24 mm, respectively), while E. aerogenes was the least isolated bacterium at 5.5% and the least susceptible to honey.
Conclusion: Honey was showed to exhibit an antimicrobial effect against all bacteria isolated from the UTI, suggesting natural honey as a remedy in controlling urinary tract bacterial infection. Further studies are needed to evaluate its capacity compared to classical antibiotics currently used to treat bacteria in UTIs. The practical way to use honey to get targeted area is also an interested point that need to be investigated.
Keywords: Urinary tract infection; honey; bacteria.
Understanding Vitiligo: Causes, Diagnosis, Promising Advances in Treatment and Management and the Impact on Mental Health
Authors: Rama Rao Tadikonda , Sharmeen Hafsa , Tabassum Afshaan , Jasmine Sena Jessy 
Published: April 2024

Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of pigmentation, resulting in white patches on the skin. The condition arises from the destruction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives colour to the skin, hair, and eyes. Although the exact etiology of vitiligo remains elusive, it is believed to involve a complex interplay of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors.
This overview provides the key aspects of vitiligo, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current treatment approaches. The prevalence of vitiligo varies globally, affecting individuals of all ethnic backgrounds and age groups.
The autoimmune hypothesis proposes that the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks melanocytes, leading to their destruction. Triggering factors, such as oxidative stress, viral infections, and neural factors, may contribute to the initiation and progression of vitiligo.
Clinically, vitiligo can significantly impact the quality of life for affected individuals, both psychologically and socially. The distribution and extent of involvement vary, and the condition can affect any part of the body.
Various treatment modalities are available for vitiligo, ranging from topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors to phototherapy and surgical interventions. While these approaches may help to re-pigment the skin to some extent, there is no definitive cure, and the outcomes can be unpredictable. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying vitiligo and developing targeted therapies to address the root causes of the disease.
Keywords: Vitiligo, Autoimmune, Melanocytes, Pigmentation, Corticosteroids, Quality of life.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report to Oral Acyclovir
Authors: Reddy B SathyaNarayana , Molla Alisha , Gohil Chyta Pravin , Patel Nidhi Mayur 
Published: April 2024

SJS/TEN is a rare, potentially life threatening, immune-complex-mediated cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Almost one-third of cases are idiopathic. This syndrome is associated with drug treatment as well as infectious agents, neoplasia, and connective tissue diseases. Here we report a 36-year-old male presenting with toxic epidermal necrolysis after 2 days of oral acyclovir.
Keywords: Toxic epidermal necrolysis; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; acyclovir
Binge drinking and the risks to adolescent health
Authors: Del Ciampo Luiz Antonio , Del Ciampo Ieda Regina Lopes 
Published: April 2024

Adolescence is a phase characterized by physical, emotional and social changes that make adolescents more susceptible to risky practices and behaviors. One of these common practices is excessive alcohol consumption, known as “binge drinking”, which causes numerous acute and chronic health problems. This article presents some characteristics observed in adolescent development and the consequences of excessive alcohol consumption for physical and emotional health, and its repercussions on community life.
Keywords: Adolescence, Alcohol, Binge Drinking, Adolescent Health