bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the hydrological requirements of River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) Forest, using Classification and Regression Tree modelling
Authors: Wen Li , Ling Joanne , Saintilan Neil , Rogers Kerrylee 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRiver Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) is widely distributed throughout many water courses and floodplains within inland Australia. In recent years, accelerated decline of River Red Gum condition has been observed in many locations, and field observations of the degradation are consistent with the reduction of flooding. However, there are few publications that quantitatively investigate the relationships between River Red Gum condition and flooding history. We applied Classification and Regression Tree (CART) to model the minimum flooding requirement of River Red Gum forest/woodland in Yanga National Park, located on the Lower Murrumbidgee Floodplain, southeast Australia, using crown conditions derived from historical aerial photographs spanning more than 40 years. The model produced has a moderate reliability with an overall accuracy of 64·1% and a Kappa index of 0·543. The model brings in important insights about the relationship between River Red Gum community type, flood frequency and flood duration. Our results demonstrated that (1) CART analysis is a simple yet powerful technique with significant potential for application in river and environmental flow management; (2) River Red Gum communities on the Lower Murrumbidgee Floodplain require periodic inundation (3–5 years) for a duration of up to 64 days to be in moderate to good conditions; (3) Although the crown conditions of different community types displayed similar degradation trends, they have distinct flooding requirements; and (4) The River Red Gum community in Yanga National Park may be managed as hydrological units given limited environmental water allocations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bruch Revisited and Revised
Authors: Skårderud Finn 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this text is to remind the clinical and scientific field of eating disorders of the seminal figure Hilde Bruch. Her work is highly original, but is it sinking into the mists of oblivion? The contemporary overemphasis on cognitive behavioural therapy may indicate that. Hilde Bruch's contribution was a descriptive and theoretical model defining anorexia nervosa and severe eating disorders as self‐disorders, with emphasis on developmental deficits in the organisation of the psychological self. A limited focus on cognitions may undermine both the awareness of central aspects of the psychopathology of eating disorders, as well as the relevance of sensitively regulating the psychotherapeutic stance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evidence of high‐energy events in shelly layers interbedded in coastal Holocene sands in Cadiz Bay (south‐west Spain)
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Mas J. M. , Juan C. , Morales J. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn some present‐day coastal areas, recent inactive deposits now outside the reach of sea agents can be observed. These deposits, although formed under different climatic and sea level conditions, often show similar facies to current littoral deposits. They are frequently interpreted as old dunes and beach ridges, or as abandoned spit bars, representative of previous dynamic stages. Nevertheless, in coastal areas which have been subjected to highly‐energetic events similar deposits can also be found. When a dynamic event acts on several adjacent environments, the transported and re‐deposited sediments can create homogeneous deposits with similar facies, that are easily confused.In this work, shelly layers interbedded in relict littoral sands located in the La Algaida pinewood, on the edge of the Rio San Pedro tidal channel, in Cadiz Bay (south‐west Spain) have been studied. The main constituents of the shelly beds are Glycimeris valves, organisms which are no longer found as live specimens in the present‐day sea bed of Cadiz Bay.From their appearance, the origin of these shelly beds could be related to sea washovers generated by tidal or storm action, but their disposition and height over the present sea level implies that even higher energy agents were involved in their formation, such as major storms or tsunami waves. The most significant process was the mobilization of the sub‐tidal and littoral sediments and their dispersal and re‐sedimentation, both lengthways and widthways of the coast, giving way to homogeneous sandy deposits in all littoral environments some of which are now outside the reach of current sea agents. The exception is the present‐day shore of the San Pedro tidal channel, where the sediments are being reworked by tidal and small wave action.If the proximity of the study zone to the limit of the African and Iberian plates is considered, where several historical earthquakes and tsunamis have taken place, it is possible to think that these deposits could be a consequence of sporadic and successive washovers, generated by tsunamis occurring between ad 800 and ad 1200. Sedimentological and historical data indicate an increase in seismic and tsunami activity during this period of time, while the shelly layers would be the consequence of the most intense pulses occurring during these high‐energy events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Criteria of optimality for sensors' location based on adjoint transformation of observation data interpolation error
Authors: Alekseev A. K. , Navon I. M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCriteria of optimality for sensors' location are addressed using an interpolation error transformed by especial adjoint problems. The considered criteria correspond to the analysis error in certain Hessian‐based metrics and to the error of some forecast aspect. Both criteria are obtained using adjoint problems that provide computation without the direct use of the Hessian. For a linear inverse heat conduction problem, these criteria are compared and demonstrated promising results when compared with a criterion based on the norm of the interpolation error of observation data. Approaches to sensor set modification using either redistribution of sensors' or refinement of the sensors grid (insertion of additional sensors) are also compared. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of peripheral blood count value in long‐term survivors of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Koljonen Paul A , Lie Albert Kwok‐wai , Liang Raymond , Au Wing‐Yan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHemopoeitic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are monitored by regular complete blood picture (CBP). The reference ranges for acceptable values are undefined. We analysed the CBP in 228 stable HSCT survivors (median follow‐up 103 months, range 60–212) without transplant‐related medications and complications. Compared with donors, recipients had lower absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and platelet levels (Plt) and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV), but comparable hemoglobin (Hb) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC). There was significant donor–recipient correlation in all CBP parameters (Hb, ALC, ANC, MCV, Plt). Significant correlation was also found between levels of Hb, white cell and Plt among recipients. All counts were higher in patients with longer follow‐up. Donor and recipient gender, age and underlying diagnosis can influence stable CBP values. We conclude that both host and marrow factors influence CBP values in stably engrafted recipients. ‘Abnormal’ CBP values deviating from that in normal populations may not have clinical significance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How does landscape structure influence catchment transit time across different geomorphic provinces?
Authors: Tetzlaff D. , Seibert J. , McGuire K. J. , Laudon H. , Burns D. A. , Dunn S. M. , Soulsby C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDespite an increasing number of empirical investigations of catchment transit times (TTs), virtually all are based on individual catchments and there are few attempts to synthesize understanding across different geographical regions. Uniquely, this paper examines data from 55 catchments in five geomorphic provinces in northern temperate regions (Scotland, United States of America and Sweden). The objective is to understand how the role of catchment topography as a control on the TTs differs in contrasting geographical settings. Catchment inverse transit time proxies (ITTPs) were inferred by a simple metric of isotopic tracer damping, using the ratio of standard deviation of δ18O in streamwater to the standard deviation of δ18O in precipitation. Quantitative landscape analysis was undertaken to characterize the catchments according to hydrologically relevant topographic indices that could be readily determined from a digital terrain model (DTM). The nature of topographic controls on transit times varied markedly in different geomorphic regions. In steeper montane regions, there are stronger gravitational influences on hydraulic gradients and TTs tend to be lower in the steepest catchments. In provinces where terrain is more subdued, direct topographic control weakened; in particular, where flatter areas with less permeable soils give rise to overland flow and lower TTs. The steeper slopes within this flatter terrain appear to have a greater coverage of freely draining soils, which increase sub‐surface flow, therefore increasing TTs. Quantitative landscape analysis proved a useful tool for inter‐catchment comparison. However, the critical influence of sub‐surface permeability and connectivity may limit the transferability of predictive tools of hydrological function based on topographic parameters alone. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jointness of growth determinants
Authors: Doppelhofer Gernot , Weeks Melvyn 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper introduces a new measure of dependence or jointness among explanatory variables. Jointness is based on the joint posterior distribution of variables over the model space, thereby taking model uncertainty into account. By looking beyond marginal measures of variable importance, jointness reveals generally unknown forms of dependence. Positive jointness implies that regressors are complements, representing distinct but mutually reinforcing effects. Negative jointness implies that explanatory variables are substitutes and capture similar underlying effects. In a cross‐country dataset we show that jointness among 67 determinants of growth is important, affecting inference and informing economic policy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jointness of growth determinants: Reply to comments by Rodney Strachan, Eduardo Ley and Mark F.J. Steel
Authors: Doppelhofer Gernot , Weeks Melvyn 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis comment contrasts the jointness statistics proposed by Doppelhofer and Weeks (2009) with alternatives proposed by Strachan (2009) and Ley and Steel (2007). In contrast to the alternatives, our jointness statistic constitutes a formal test for dependence over the joint posterior distribution. The essential difference between our proposed measure and the alternatives is that our jointness measures uses the entire joint posterior distribution. We discuss differences in jointness, as well as inclusion and exclusion margins of the joint posterior distribution, and the impact on economic significance using the numerical examples given by Strachan (2009) and Ley and Steel (2009). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on ‘Jointness of growth determinants’ by Gernot Doppelhofer and Melvyn Weeks
Authors: Strachan Rodney W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDoppelhofer and Weeks (2009) present a statistic designed to indicate the probability that pairs of regressors appear together or individually in a Bayesian model averaged linear regression. This comment presents an alternative measure that is designed to overcome some of the limitations of Doppelhofer and Weeks' statistic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternatively activated RAW264.7 macrophages enhance tumor lymphangiogenesis in mouse lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Bicheng , Wang Jun , Gao Juan , Guo Yan , Chen Xi , Wang Baocheng , Gao Jianfei , Rao Zhiguo , Chen Zhengtang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) have been implicated in promoting tumor progression and invasion. The onset and maintenance of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis also seem to be partly driven by a group of polarized alternatively activated macrophages (aaMphi) in lung adenocarcinoma. Here, the aaMphi and classically activated macrophages (caMphi) were obtained using RAW264.7 cells via IL‐4 and IFN‐γ + LPS treatment, respectively. Co‐inoculation of aaMphi with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells promoted tumor growth, increased lymph node metastasis, and reduced the survival in C57BL/6 mice bearing LLC. Furthermore, the effects of the activated macrophages on the lymphangiogenesis‐related properties of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were investigated in vitro. When LECs were cultured in macrophages conditioned medium or in a co‐culture system of macrophages and LECs, aaMphi significantly promoted proliferation, migration, and tube‐like formation of LECs. We identified high VEGF‐C expression in aaMphi and low expression in caMphi as well as unactivated macrophages by ELISA and Western blotting. In LECs, co‐culture with aaMphi resulted in a significant increase of mRNA levels of specific lymphatic marker VEGF receptor‐3 and the homeobox gene Prox‐1, as well as lymphangiogenic factor VEGF‐C rather than VEGF‐D by quantitative RT‐PCR. Furthermore, enhanced LECs migration and capillary formation by co‐culture with aaMphi were significantly inhibited by rVEGF receptor‐3/Fc chimera. In conclusion, these data show that aaMphi play a critical role in tumor‐induced lymphangiogenesis through up‐regulating VEGF‐C and increasing lymphangiogenesis‐related behavior of LECs, which may contribute to lymphatic invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 107: 134–143, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Effects of the transcendental meditation program on mindfulness
Authors: Tanner Melissa A. , Travis Fred , Gaylord‐King Carolyn , Haaga David A. F. , Grosswald Sarina , Schneider Robert H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMindfulness is associated with low levels of neuroticism, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, as well as high levels of self‐esteem and satisfaction with life (Brown & Ryan, 2003). As part of a 3‐month randomized waitlist‐controlled trial of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program on university students (N=295), we examined the impact of TM practice on mindfulness as measured by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004). A repeated measures ANOVA on total KIMS scores showed a significant time×treatment interaction, with the TM participants reporting greater increases in mindfulness than the waitlist participants. All KIMS subscales were positively intercorrelated at pretreatment, and there were no differences over time or as a function of treatment condition in subscale intercorrelations. Therefore, previously published findings of a positive correlation between subscales measuring the skills of observing and accepting‐without‐judgment one's inner experiences only among those with meditation experience may have reflected a self‐selection effect rather than a change in the relation of these mindfulness components resulting directly from meditation practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 1–16, 2009.
Hypoxia‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐13 expression in astrocytes enhances permeability of brain endothelial cells
Authors: Lu Dah‐Yuu , Yu Wei‐Hsuan , Yeh Wei‐Lan , Tang Chih‐Hsin , Leung Yuk‐Man , Wong Kar‐Lok , Chen Yuh‐Fung , Lai Chih‐Ho , Fu Wen‐Mei 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix in many kinds of tissues. Here we found that hypoxia increased MMP‐13 protein and mRNA levels in primary rat astrocyte cultures. Hypoxia stimulation also increased the secretion of MMP‐13 from astrocytes, as shown by zymographic analysis. In addition, exposure to hypoxia up‐regulated the expression of c‐Fos and c‐Jun time‐dependently. Hypoxia‐induced MMP‐13 overexpression was antagonized by transfection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS‐ODN) of c‐Fos or c‐Jun. Furthermore, hypoxic‐conditioned medium (Hx‐CM) collected from astrocytes exposed to hypoxia increased paracellular permeability of adult rat brain endothelial cells (ARBECs). Administration of MMP‐13 neutralizing antibody antagonized Hx‐CM‐induced paracellular permeability of ARBECs. Furthermore, pre‐transfection of astrocytes with AS‐ODN of c‐Fos, c‐Jun or MMP‐13‐shRNA significantly decreased hyperpermeability of ARBECs induced by Hx‐CM. The arrangement of tight junction protein (TJP) zonular occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) of ARBECs disorganized in response to Hx‐CM. Administration of Hx‐CM to ARBECs also resulted in the production of proteolytic fragments of ZO‐1, which was antagonized by transfection of MMP‐13‐shRNA in primary astrocytes. Administration of MMP‐13 recombinant protein to ARBECs led to the disorganization and fragmentation of ZO‐1 protein and also increased paracellular permeability. These results suggest that hypoxia‐induced MMP‐13 expression in astrocytes is regulated by c‐Fos and c‐Jun. MMP‐13 is an important factor leading to the disorganization of ZO‐1 and hyperpermeablility of blood–brain barrier in response to hypoxia. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 163–173, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Issues in equitable health financing in South Eastern Nigeria: Socio‐economic and geographic differences in households' illness expenditures and policy makers' views on the financial protection of the poor
Authors: Onwujekwe Obinna , Onoka Chima , Uzochukwu Benjamin , Obikeze Eric , Ezumah Nkoli 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study examined the socio‐economic and geographic differences in illness occurrence and levels of expenditures in South Eastern Nigeria, together with policymaker and healthcare provider views on how to alleviate the financial burdens placed on the poorest by existing payment mechanisms. We found no evidence of differences across socio‐economic group in illness occurrence but there was inequity in expenditures, payment mechanisms used and sources of funds to cope with the burden of payments. Policymakers and facility managers were found to assume that households have the capacity to cope with healthcare payments and there is no functioning system of fee exemptions. Policies are needed to protect the poor and other vulnerable groups against the financial risk of ill‐health. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conducting health‐related social science research in low income settings: ethical dilemmas faced in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Molyneux Catherine , Goudge Jane , Russell Steve , Chuma Jane , Gumede Tebogo , Gilson Lucy 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe value of the social sciences is increasingly recognised in health services and clinical research, contributing to an increasing number of multi‐disciplinary, multi‐method studies. Such studies offer numerous advantages, but also pose particular challenges, including different approaches to or foci in research ethics across disciplines. Drawing on two similar studies conducted in coastal Kenya and in rural South Africa, we share the ethical challenges we faced in relation to several key principles, the responses we adopted, and the new dilemmas that resulted from our actions. Given that multi‐disciplinary, multi‐method studies are often reviewed by committees with greater familiarity with biomedical than social science research, we conclude by drawing on our experiences, and the wider literature and guidelines around conducting social science research, to make suggestions of additional considerations for social science elements of multi‐disciplinary research. We also emphasise that in practice it is the social relationships that are established between researchers and field‐teams, and between field‐teams and community members, that are critical to fulfilling the moral (as opposed to the legal) aspects of ethics guidelines. These essential elements of ethical practice, and of producing quality data, are not easily tested and checked by ethics committees. Rather they are linked to the insight and integrity of the principle investigators and their research teams. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Household responses to health risks and shocks: A study from rural Tanzania raises some methodological issues
Authors: Somi Masha F. , Butler James R. G. , Vahid Farshid , Njau Joseph D. , Abdulla Salim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe impact of a health shock (malaria) on household consumption patterns is investigated using a system of demand equations. After controlling for the overall levels of total expenditure by a household, the presence of a self‐reported malarious individual in a household reduces consumption of luxury items and increases consumption of health care and products. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that households behave strategically when coping with an illness related shock so as to minimise its impact on expenditure on necessities: if households need to re‐allocate funds to health and health care products, they reduce consumption of luxury items. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New designer drug α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques
Authors: Sauer Christoph , Peters Frank T. , Haas Claudia , Meyer Markus R. , Fritschi Giselher , Maurer Hans H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify the metabolites of the new designer drug α‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) in rat urine using GC/MS techniques. Eleven metabolites of PVP could be identified suggesting the following metabolic steps: hydroxylation of the side chain followed by dehydrogenation to the corresponding ketone; hydroxylation of the 2″‐position of the pyrrolidine ring followed by dehydrogenation to the corresponding lactam or followed by ring opening to the respective aliphatic aldehyde and further oxidation to the respective carboxylic acid; degradation of the pyrrolidine ring to the corresponding primary amine; and hydroxylation of the phenyl ring, most probably in the 4′‐position. The authors' screening procedure for pyrrolidinophenones allowed the detection of PVP metabolites after application of a dose corresponding to a presumed user's dose. In addition, the involvement of nine different human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes in the side chain hydroxylation of PVP was investigated and CYP 2B6, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 were found to catalyze this reaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.