bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Mango Business Challenges and Opportunities in Rajshahi Division: A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Masud Md. Khaled , Hasan Md. Mahfuzul , Rahman M. Wakilur , Singha Sambhu , Palash Md. Salauddin 
Published: April 2024

Aims: The main objective of this study was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of online mango business in Rajshahi division of Bangladesh.
Study design: The methods and procedures for evaluating data and providing some level of knowledge, explanation, and interpretation of patterns and themes in textual data are referred to as Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA). In this study, explorative qualitative approach was adopted to gain a comprehensive understanding of students engaged in online mango marketing. For reaching the conclusion, the researcher has been performed thematic analysis.
Methodology: This study involved fifteen students whom running online mango business and gather information on their perceptions, feelings, beliefs, business nature, reasons for starting, management of student life, and problems and opportunities of the business via in-depth interviews. The in-depth interview method was used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the students’ experiences and perspectives.
Results: The study explored that student have sufficient technological skills to operate their internet activities properly. Most of them have begun businesses since their college period, where some others started during the COVID-19 epidemic, motivated by friends, family, and other entrepreneurs, and eventually got capital support from their families. These students have dedicated customer bases and concentrate a premium on providing high-quality products in order to promote sales. They actively run their businesses through Facebook, taking advantage of the platform’s extent. But most of the entrepreneurs deals with several issues while manage their enterprises such as payment-related problems, transportation problems, and delivery-related problems etc. The findings also showed that online business alters those student’s lifestyles and upbringings, originating in a new era of self-confidence and self-respect.
Conclusion: Financial support, good transportation system, basic training of the online business, different online courses, and workshops for the student entrepreneurs should be organized. It is needful for escalating this easy-access business and look forward with strong business determination in future.
Understanding the Learning Style Preferences of ODL Students Using VARK Model: Implications for Individualized Pedagogy and Student Success
Authors: Dey Binayak , Panda Bhujendra Nath 
Published: April 2024

Aims: The study aims to assess the learning styles among ODL students in higher education, and propose practical strategies for integrating personalized learning approaches to enhance student engagement and educational outcomes.
Place and Duration of Study: Research was carried out among the higher education students who enrolled in different ODL programs under the dual-mode universities. Survey was administered during Personal Contact Programme (PCP) for the academic session of 2023-2024.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was employed to gather quantitative data on higher education students learning styles under ODL mode of study and provides a deeper understanding of ODL students' learning preferences based on VARK model. The sample comprised of 246 post-graduate ODL students from various disciplines. A simple random sampling technique was employed to ensure representation from diverse academic backgrounds of ODL students.
Results: Study revealed significant variations in learning style preferences among the ODL students. There are 89 (36.18%) ODL students with single preference of learning style and 157 (63.82%) ODL students with multimodal preference of learning style. Statistically significant difference found between male and female ODL students concerning their learning styles. Visual learning style is the most preferred learning style, followed by aural, kinesthetic, and read/write learning style respectively. Majority of ODL students preferred to learn by multiple sensory modalities.
Conclusion: Integrating learning style assessments into distance learning practices holds immense promise for enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of distance education. Designing course curriculum for distance education based on multiple sensory modalities is crucial for enhancing learning outcomes and student engagement. Incorporating various sensory channels such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and read/write, ODL professionals can cater to diverse learning styles and preferences, ultimately promoting a deeper understanding of the subject matter and academic success.
Large Animal Models for Stem and Progenitor Cell Analysis
Authors: Donahue Robert E. , Kuramoto Ken , Dunbar Cynthia E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExtrapolation of an understanding regarding hematopoiesis and, in particular, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from rodent models or in vitro human cell models to applications in humans has proven very difficult. This is not surprising, given the differences between rodent and human hematopoietic physiology and the lack of true in vitro assays for HSCs. Therefore, translational preclinical development of genetic and cellular therapies is dependent on the utilization of practical and well‐defined large animal models. This chapter will introduce the most commonly used model species, including macaques, baboons, dogs, cats, and sheep, and explain the particular advantages and limitations of each. Specific protocols for the support of macaques through ablative cell and gene therapy procedures will be included to introduce investigators to the types of resources and support required to maintain a large animal facility dedicated to high‐intensity experimentation, and also to introduce investigators to the types of procedures that are possible.
Biosafety: Guidelines for Working with Pathogenic and Infectious Microorganisms
Authors: Coico Richard , Lunn George 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis unit, in conjunction with local and national guidelines and regulations, provides the basic biosafety information needed to perform the procedures detailed in this manual. Topics discussed include routine precautions when working with biohazards, disinfectants, disposal of biohazards, biosafety levels (as established by the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), animal facilities, and clinical laboratories. In addition, resources for more information are provided in the Literature Cited and Key References sections and in URLs given text and within the Internet Resources section.
Self‐reported illness and birth weight in the Philippines: Implications for hypotheses of adaptive fetal plasticity
Authors: Heinke Dominique , Kuzawa Christopher W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt has been proposed that prenatal nutrition provides the fetus with a cue allowing it to adjust biological settings in anticipation of postnatal nutrition. To evaluate the reliability of fetal growth rate as a nutritional cue, this study assesses the extent to which a nonnutritional factor‐maternal illness symptoms during pregnancy‐predicts birth outcomes in a large, population‐based sample of Filipino women and their newborns (n = 2,887). Self‐reported illness symptoms were collected during pregnancy and used to predict weight, length, BMI, and gestational age at birth. Independent of potential confounders, number of reported symptoms predicted a significant dose‐response decrease in birth weight and BMI, but not length that reflected a combination of reduced fetal growth rate and reduced duration of gestation. These effects were comparable in male and female offspring, but tended to be stronger when reported closer to term. Among women interviewed at 32 weeks gestation or later, multiple symptoms predicted a 144 g birth weight reduction compared with no symptoms. These findings suggest an acute effect of maternal illness on fetal nutrition late in gestation when growth rate and fat deposition are most rapid. Although modest, the effect was larger than that of most pregnancy macronutrient supplementation trials. These findings using crosssectional, self‐reported illness symptoms highlight a nonnutritional maternal influence on fetal nutrition, which could attenuate its value as a cue of postnatal ecology. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in body composition and cardiovascular and Type 2 diabetes risk factors between migrant and British‐born British Pakistani women
Authors: Pollard Tessa M. , Unwin Nigel , Fischbacher Colin , Chamley Jagdip K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThere is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes in people of South Asian origin living in affluent western countries. We do not know whether or how risk factors for these diseases change in subsequent generations born in the west. Findings that birth‐weight is inversely associated with abdominal obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes in later life suggest that those born in the west may have lower levels of risk than migrants. We assessed 30 migrants from Pakistan to the UK, 30 British‐born British Pakistani women, and 25 British‐born women of European origin. British‐born British Pakistani women were taller (P = 0.05), had a lower waist to hip ratio (P = 0.04), lower mean fasting glucose levels (P = 0.03), lower mean triglyceride levels (P = 0.03), and higher mean HDL levels (P < 0.001) than migrant British Pakistani women. Levels of fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, and blood pressure were not significantly different in the two British Pakistani groups. Thus, we found healthier levels of several cardiovascular and Type 2 diabetes risk factors in British‐born British Pakistani women than in migrant British Pakistani women. These findings might be related to the effects of early environment or to other factors, such as differences in health behaviors. British‐born British Pakistani women also differed from British‐born European women, having a more adverse body composition, but healthier levels of HDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of insoluble fibroin/collagen films without methanol treatment and the increase of its flexibility and cytocompatibility
Authors: Lv Qiang , Hu Kun , Feng Qingling , Cui Fuzhai 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt is still a critical challenge to increase the flexibility of regenerated fibroin materials in dry and near dry states. In this study, a novel biocompatible and water‐stable film composed of fibroin and collagen was successfully prepared from aqueous fibroin solution without methanol treatment. The result of contact angle measurement indicates that hydrophilicity is evidently increased when collagen was added to fibroin film. The elongation at break in wet state is also increased because of the blending of collagen, which implied the improvement of flexibility. More importantly, the blend films containing 20% collagen become flexible when placed at above 65% humidity in atmosphere. It means that the blend films could be fabricated to different conformations easily through adjusting humidity in atmosphere. HepG2 cells were cultured on fibroin and fibroin/collagen films to investigate the cytocompatibility of these films. Scanning electron microscopy and MTT analysis demonstrated that the adding of collagen evidently improved HepG2 proliferation in over 10 days culture. The excellent cytocompatibility, the flexibility in the near dry state as well as the green preparation process of fibroin/collagen blend films make them become the promising biomaterials for different medical applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
“Ex situ” concept for toughening the RTMable BMI matrix composites, Part I: Improving the interlaminar fracture toughness
Authors: Cheng Qunfeng , Fang Zhengping , Yi Xiao‐Su , An Xuefeng , Tang Bangming , Xu Yahong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAerospace‐grade bismaleimide matrix composites was toughened based on a novel ex situ resin transfer molding (RTM) technique using a special manufactured ES™ carbon fabrics. The toughening mechanism and toughening effect by the technique are studied using thermoplastic PAEK as toughener. Mode I fracture toughness (GIC) of the composites toughened by ex situ RTM technique increased up to three times higher than that of the control system, and Mode II fracture toughness (GIIC) increased two times higher as well. The composite without toughening was denoted as control system. The microstructure revealed that a reaction‐induced phase decomposition and inversion happened in the interlaminar region, which resulted in a particles morphology that showed the thermosetting particles were surrounded with the PAEK phase. The plastic deformation and rupture of the continuous PAEK phase are responsible to the fracture toughness improvement. And the influence of PAEK concentration on toughness improvement was also investigated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Miscibility, crystallization, and mechanical properties of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and poly(propylene carbonate) biodegradable blends
Authors: Yang Dong Zhi , Hu Ping 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNine blends of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC), biodegradable polyester, and pure sample films were prepared with the ratio of PHB/PPC ranging from 90/10 to 10/90 by codissolving these two polyesters in chloroform and casting the mixture. The miscibility, crystallization, melting behavior, morphology, and mechanical properties of the blends have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The results indicated that PHB showed complete miscibility with PPC for PHB/PPC 30/70, 20/80, and 10/90, as evidenced by the only one composition‐dependent glass transitions (Tg) of blends, and the Tgs close to the values calculated using the Fox equation. However, PHB showed immiscibility with PPC for the other six blends, as shown by the existence of almost unchanged Tg of PHB at about 2°C. According to the DSC analysis, the crystallization of PHB was suppressed by blending with abundant PPC. This result is consistent with results obtained from X‐ray and POM results. Some interaction between the two macromolecules was confirmed by using FTIR analysis. SEM graphs showed that the blends containing PHB ≤ 30 wt % tend to form a more compact structure, and no obvious phase separation was found. The brittleness of PHB was improved apparently by blending with PPC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mechanical properties and morphologies of polypropylene composites synergistically filled by styrene‐butadiene rubber and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Wei‐Zhi , Liu Tianxi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe mechanical properties and morphologies of PP/SBR/SiO2 nanocomposites have been studied using mechanical testing, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties of neat polypropylene can be considerably improved by synergistically filling with SiO2 and SBR nanoparticles, especially for the notched Izod impact strength. The results from the WAXD, POM, SEM, DSC, and TGA measurements reveal that: (i) the β‐phase crystal structure of PP is formed when SiO2 and SBR nanoparticles are synergistically filled with polypropylene and its formation plays a role for the enhancement of the impact strength for PP/SBR/SiO2 nanocomposites; (ii) the dispersion of SiO2 and SBR nanoparticles in PP/SBR/SiO2 composites is homogeneous, indicating that synergistic incorporating method decreases the aggregation of nanoparticles and thus increases the sites for dissipation of shock for impact energy in PP/SBR/SiO2 nanocomposites; (iii) the thermal analysis shows high thermal stability for the PP/SBR/SiO2 nanocomposites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
XPS and EXAFS characterization of Ziegler–Natta catalyst systems
Authors: da Silva Filho Adilson Arli , Martins Alves Maria do Carmo , dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of Ziegler–Natta catalysts, with and without diisobutylphtalate as an internal donor, were modified with alkylaluminum (triethylaluminum or diethylaluminum chloride) and an external donor (diisopropyldimethoxysilane or methyltrimethoxysilane), in increasing complexity. The resulting catalysts were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis (EXAFS) and evaluated in propylene polymerization. According to EXAFS oscillation, systems bearing diisobutylphtalate as an internal donor displayed a well‐defined pattern, suggesting a more ordered structure around the Ti atom. EXAFS data treatment provided two TiCl distances: ∼ 1.96 and 2.5 Å. The former was shown to have a linear dependence on the Ti (2p3/2) binding energy as the catalyst is modified with TEA or with external donors. Conversely, the longest distance is reduced as Ti (2p3/2) binding energy increases with catalyst modification. Correlations involving the catalyst activity, Ti (2p3/2) binding energy, and TiCl distances could be denoted. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Key biodiversity areas as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity
Authors: Edgar Graham J. , Langhammer Penny F. , Allen Gerry , Brooks Thomas M. , Brodie Juliet , Crosse William , De Silva Naamal , Fishpool Lincoln D. C. , Foster Matthew N. , Knox David H. , Mccosker John E. , Mcmanus Roger , Millar Alan J. K. , Mugo Robinson 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Recent approaches to the planning of marine protected area (MPA) networks for biodiversity conservation often stress the need for a representative coverage of habitat types while aiming to minimize impacts on resource users. As typified by planning for the Australian South‐east Marine Region, this strategy can be manipulated by political processes, with consequent biased siting of MPAs. Networks thus created frequently possess relatively low value for biodiversity conservation, despite significant costs in establishment and maintenance.
Such biases can be minimized through application of the data‐driven and species‐based concept of key biodiversity areas (KBAs).
By mapping locations of threatened species and populations that are highly aggregated in time or space, the KBA process allows marine sites of global biodiversity significance to be systematically identified as priority conservation targets. Here, the value of KBAs for marine conservation planning is outlined, and guidelines and provisional criteria for their application provided.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Performance of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Sulfur‐Containing Pincer Complexes: Synthesis and Tandem Catalytic Activity of the First PCS‐Pincer Palladium Complex
Authors: Gagliardo Marcella , Selander Nicklas , Mehendale Nilesh C. , van Koten Gerard , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Szabó Kálmán J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and catalytic applications of a new aryl‐based unsymmetrical PCS‐pincer complex are reported. Preparation of the robust air‐ and moisture‐stable PCS‐pincer palladium complex 5[X] started from the symmetrical α,α′‐dibromo‐meta‐xylene and involved the selective substitution of one bromide by PPh2(BH3), followed by substitution of the second bromide by SPh and subsequent introduction of the palladium. The new PCS complexes (5[X]) were employed as catalysts in two important organic transformations. Firstly, complex 5[Cl] displays high catalytic activity in aldol reactions but enters the catalytic cycle as a precatalyst. Secondly, complex 5[BF4] displays tandem catalytic activity in the coupling of allyl chlorides with aldehydes and imines in the presence of hexamethylditin. In these tandem catalytic reactions the first process is the conversion of allyl chlorides into trimethylallyltin (and trimethyltin chloride) with Sn2Me6, which is followed by catalytic allylation of aldehyde and sulfonimine substrates. In addition, we present a new catalytic process for the one‐pot allylation of 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde with vinyloxirane. The catalytic performance of the novel PCS‐pincer palladium complex was compared to those of its symmetrical PCP‐ and SCS‐pincer complex analogues. It was concluded that the unsymmetrical PCS complex advantageously unifies the attractive catalytic features of the corresponding symmetrical pincer complexes including both (π‐) electron‐withdrawing (such as phosphorus) or (σ‐) electron‐donating (such as sulfur and nitrogen) heteroatoms. Thus, in the aldol reaction the PCS‐pincer palladium complex 5[X] provides a high turnover frequency, while in the tandem process both reactions are catalysed with sufficiently high activity.
The incidence of dyslexia among young offenders in Kuwait
Authors: Elbeheri Gad , Everatt John , Al Malki Mohammad 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates the incidence of dyslexia among young offenders in Kuwait. A total of 91 children/young adults from 8 juvenile delinquent welfare centres across Kuwait were interviewed and tested. A measure of non‐verbal reasoning ability was used to exclude those with low general ability. The remaining 53 participants were tested on their ability to identify alliteration and rhyme, retain and manipulate sequences of digit and letter names, decode novel letter strings and identify words within letter chains. Participants' reading accuracy, rate of reading, reading comprehension and ability to spell correctly dictated text were also assessed. These measures were used to determine those with indicators of dyslexia. The results indicated that the percentage of individuals presenting evidence of dyslexia was much larger (greater than 20%) in this population of young offenders than would be expected based on the national average (around 6%) of dyslexics in Kuwait derived from a nationwide study (A survey study of dyslexia in Kuwait, Kuwait Dyslexia Association: Kuwait City; 2002). These findings replicate previous evidence for an increased frequency of dyslexia among young offenders. The implications of such findings are discussed in terms of dyslexia awareness, socio‐cultural factors, education and intervention, particularly in Kuwait juvenile delinquent welfare centres. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of binge eating and associated factors in a Brazilian probability sample of midlife women
Authors: de Freitas Silvia Regina , Appolinario José Carlos , de Moura Souza Amanda , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective:To estimate the prevalence of binge eating (BE) and inappropriate behaviors of weight control in a population sample of Brazilian midlife adult women and to correlate the prevalence of BE with self‐rated health (SRH).Method:A household sample of 1,298 females aged 35 years or older answered a face‐to‐face interview including questions on eating behaviors and had their weight and height measured.Results:The prevalence of regular BE (twice or more episodes by week) and inappropriate methods of weight control was 11.5 and 10.2%, respectively. BE episodes were positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with age and SRH. These correlations persisted when mutually adjusted by BMI, age, and SRH.Conclusion:These findings show the relevance of BE on the overall health of women of this age group and emphasize the need for expanding research on eating disorders to beyond the populations more frequently assessed of teenagers and young adults. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008