bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Among Physiological and Subjective Sexual Response, Sexual Desire, and Salivary Steroid Hormones in Healthy Premenopausal Women
Authors: Van Anders Sari M. , Brotto Lori , Farrell Janine , Yule Morag 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Few studies have examined how sexual arousal influences healthy premenopausal women’s hormones, limiting our understanding of basic physiology and our ability to transfer knowledge from clinical and nonhuman populations.

Aim
To examine how sexual arousal and steroid hormones (testosterone [T], cortisol [C], estradiol [E]) were linked, to see whether hormone levels influenced and/or changed in response to sexual arousal elicited via visual erotic stimuli in healthy women.

Methods
Participants included 40 healthy premenopausal women not using exogenous hormones.

Main Outcome Measures
Change in genital sexual arousal (vaginal pulse amplitude), change in subjective sexual arousal, sexual desire (via the Sexual Desire Inventory and Female Sexual Function Index scales), as well as T, C, and E via saliva samples taken before and following viewing of erotic stimuli as genital arousal was recorded via a vaginal photoplethysmograph.

Results
E increased in response to sexual stimuli but this was not statistically associated with genital sexual arousal, whereas C decreased in association with genital sexual arousal, and T showed no statistically significant change. Relationship status was linked to genital but not subjective sexual arousal such that dating women exhibited higher genital sexual arousal than single or partnered women. Results indicated that all three hormones were associated with self-reported genital arousal (via the Detailed Assessment of Sexual Arousal scales) and sexual desire in different domains, and both T and E were associated with self-reported orgasms.

Conclusion
Findings point to the need to examine multiple hormones in multiple ways (e.g., baseline, changes, stimulated) and question using erotic stimuli-induced arousal as a model for women’s endocrine responses to sexuality.
Epidemiology, screening and diagnosis of breast cancer in the Asia–Pacific region: Current perspectives and important considerations
Authors: GREEN Michael , RAINA Vinod 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBecause the Asia–Pacific region contains approximately 25% of the world's population, the rapidly rising incidence of breast cancer in this area represents a serious global health problem. Epidemiologic and biologic profiles of breast cancer in the Asia–Pacific region differ from those in Western countries. Compared with the West, breast cancer occurs more frequently among young premenopausal women and women in urban areas. Breast cancer is also more frequently diagnosed in advanced stages than in Western countries, and tumors are more likely to be estrogen receptor‐ and progesterone receptor‐negative. These differences can impact treatment selection, response to treatment, and outcomes, including morbidity and mortality. Breast cancer mortality in some countries of the Asia–Pacific region is two‐fold higher than in Western countries. The screening, diagnosis, and management of patients with breast cancer in the Asia–Pacific region are associated with a number of unique challenges. These include patient misperceptions about the disease and its treatment, a lack of access to imaging equipment and diagnostic testing, inconsistencies in the implementation of breast cancer screening programs and limited access to expensive treatments. Whereas some of the more Westernized countries within this region have established screening programs, many areas are still lacking in adequate breast cancer screening facilities. Various cultural and economic barriers must be addressed to improve treatment and outcomes for Asian‐Pacific patients with breast cancer.
Current treatment of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer in the Asia–Pacific region: Challenges and limitations
Authors: CHOW Louis WC , IM Young‐Hyuck 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOver the past decade, the management of breast cancer has improved substantially with advances in understanding the tumor biology and the introduction of several new, more effective agents. As a result, the performance of breast‐conservation surgery has increased, and the use of neoadjuvant therapy to downstage locally advanced breast cancer has become more common in the Asia–Pacific region. For patients with metastatic breast cancer, treatment typically follows Western clinical experience, but the use of specific drugs and regimens is variable throughout the region. Anthracycline‐based and/or taxane‐based regimens are commonly used for the first‐line treatment of locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer. However, a number of challenges and barriers have emerged that are unique to the treatment of patients with breast cancer in the Asia–Pacific region. These include differences in the safety and tolerability profiles of standard chemotherapeutic agents between Asian–Pacific and Western women; the variable availability of, and cost of anticancer agents; the high prevalence of Chinese herbal medicines and alternative therapies used by women with breast cancer, and the prohibitive costs of conducting clinical trials in some countries in the region.
Expression Sites of Colligin 2 in Glioma Blood Vessels
Authors: Mustafa Dana , Van Der Weiden Marcel , Zheng PingPin , Nigg Alex , Luider Theo M. , Kros Johan M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn a previous study using state‐of‐the‐art proteomic techniques, we identified colligin 2 (HSP47) as a glioma blood vessel‐specific protein. In the present study we precisely localized the expression of colligin 2 in the blood vessels of diffusely infiltrating gliomas and relate the expression to the distinct cellular components of the vessels by using multiple immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. We grouped the glioma blood vessels into morphological categories ranging from normal looking capillaries to vessels with hypertrophic and sclerotic changes. The expression patterns of various markers of endothelial and pericytic differentiation were correlated with the position of the cells in the vessels and the expression of colligin 2. We found that colligin 2 is expressed in all categories of glioma blood vessels in cells with endothelial and pericytic lineage. Expression of colligin 2 was also found in cells scattered around blood vessels and in few glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive cells within the blood vessels. There is overlap in the expression of colligin 2 and the collagens type I and IV for which colligin 2 is a chaperon. We conclude that colligin 2 is expressed in all cellular components of glioma blood vessels and may serve as a general marker for active angiogenesis.
Moisture Vertical Structure, Column Water Vapor, and Tropical Deep Convection
Authors: Holloway Christopher E. , Neelin J. David 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe vertical structure of the relationship between water vapor and precipitation is analyzed in 5 yr of radiosonde and precipitation gauge data from the Nauru Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site. The first vertical principal component of specific humidity is very highly correlated with column water vapor (CWV) and has a maximum of both total and fractional variance captured in the lower free troposphere (around 800 hPa). Moisture profiles conditionally averaged on precipitation show a strong association between rainfall and moisture variability in the free troposphere and little boundary layer variability. A sharp pickup in precipitation occurs near a critical value of CWV, confirming satellite-based studies. A lag–lead analysis suggests it is unlikely that the increase in water vapor is just a result of the falling precipitation. To investigate mechanisms for the CWV–precipitation relationship, entraining plume buoyancy is examined in sonde data and simplified cases. For several different mixing schemes, higher CWV results in progressively greater plume buoyancies, particularly in the upper troposphere, indicating conditions favorable for deep convection. All other things being equal, higher values of lower-tropospheric humidity, via entrainment, play a major role in this buoyancy increase. A small but significant increase in subcloud layer moisture with increasing CWV also contributes to buoyancy. Entrainment coefficients inversely proportional to distance from the surface, associated with mass flux increase through a deep lower-tropospheric layer, appear promising. These yield a relatively even weighting through the lower troposphere for the contribution of environmental water vapor to midtropospheric buoyancy, explaining the association of CWV and buoyancy available for deep convection.
Detailed Observations of Wind Turbine Clutter with Scanning Weather Radars
Authors: Isom B. M. , Palmer R. D. , Secrest G. S. , Rhoton R. D. , Saxion D. , Allmon T. L. , Reed J. , Crum T. , Vogt R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The wind power industry has seen tremendous growth over the past decade and with it has come the need for clutter mitigation techniques for nearby radar systems. Wind turbines can impart upon these radars a unique type of interference that is not removed with conventional clutter-filtering methods. Time series data from Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) stations near wind farms were collected and spectral analysis was used to investigate the detailed characteristics of wind turbine clutter. Techniques to mask wind turbine clutter were developed that utilize multiquadric interpolation in two and three dimensions and can be applied to both the spectral moments and spectral components. In an effort to improve performance, a nowcasting algorithm was incorporated into the interpolation scheme via a least mean squares criterion. The masking techniques described in this paper will be shown to reduce the impact of wind turbine clutter on weather radar systems at the expense of spatial resolution.
Adjoint Estimation of the Variation in Model Functional Output due to the Assimilation of Data
Authors: Daescu Dacian N. , Todling Ricardo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A parametric approach to the adjoint estimation of the variation in model functional output due to the assimilation of data is considered as a tool to analyze and develop observation impact measures. The parametric approach is specialized to a linear analysis scheme and it is used to derive various high-order approximation equations. This framework includes the Kalman filter and incremental three-and four-dimensional variational data assimilation schemes implementing a single outer loop iteration. Distinction is made between Taylor series methods and numerical quadrature methods. The novel quadrature approximations require minimal additional software development and are suitable for testing and implementation at operational numerical weather prediction centers where a data assimilation system (DAS) and the associated adjoint DAS are in place. Their potential use as tools for observation impact estimates needs to be further investigated. Preliminary numerical experiments are provided using the fifth-generation NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) atmospheric DAS.
Nonoperative Treatment for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
Authors: Mihara Kenichi , Tsutsui Hiroaki , Nishinaka Naoya , Yamaguchi Ken 
Published: December 2008

Background Spontaneous healing potential and progression of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum have been unclear. Hypothesis Healing potential is high in the early stage of osteochondritis dissecans and low in the advanced stage. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods This retrospective study examines 39 patients with osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum who were treated conservatively. All patients were baseball players (mean age, 12.8 years). After initial examination, all patients were advised to stop heavy use of the elbow. Physical and radiographic examinations were regularly performed and assessed. Mean duration of follow-up was 14.4 months. Results Early-stage lesions were present in 30 patients, while 9 patients were diagnosed with advanced lesions. Open capitellar growth plates were observed in 17 patients, and closed capitellar growth plates were seen in 22 patients. On final radiography, 25 of 30 early-stage lesions were assessed as healed. However, only 1 of 9 advanced-stage lesions was assessed as healed. The remaining 8 advanced lesions were unimproved or progressed. Healing of lesions was seen in 16 of 17 patients with an open growth plate and in 11 of 22 patients with a closed growth plate, representing a significant difference between patients with open and closed growth plates (P <. 05). Conclusion Spontaneous healing potential of osteochondritis dissecans in early lesions, especially in patients with open capitellar growth plates, appears high, and nonoperative treatment is appropriate. Conversely, healing potential is extremely low in advanced osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Surgical intervention is recommended to achieve lesion healing in advanced cases.
Open Shoulder Repair of Osseous Glenoid Defects
Authors: Wellmann Mathias , Petersen Wolf , Zantop Thore , Herbort Mirco , Kobbe Philipp , Raschke Michael J. , Hurschler Christof 
Published: December 2008

Background To address glenoid bone deficiency, 2 competing surgical approaches are currently recommended: transplantation of a structural bone graft or the coracoid transfer according to Latarjet. Nonetheless, no clear advantages for either procedure are evident. Hypothesis The Latarjet procedure will provide an equivalent beneficial effect on glenohumeral stability as the placement of an intra-articular bone graft. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Stability testing of 8 cadaveric shoulders was performed in a dynamic shoulder simulator under 4 different conditions: (1) anteroinferior capsulotomy, (2) anteroinferior glenoid defect, (3) transplantation of a contoured bone graft, and (4) Latarjet procedure. Translational movement of the humeral head in response to a load of 25 N was evaluated in the anterior and anteroinferior directions. Results The Latarjet procedure significantly reduced translation by 354% relative to the glenoid defect condition at 30° of abduction and by 374% at 60° of abduction. In comparison, the bone graft significantly reduced translation by 179% at 30° of abduction and by 159% at 60° of abduction. The effect of the bone graft was lowest in external rotation at 60° of abduction where a decrease of translation of 133% was observed. Comparing both reconstruction techniques, the Latarjet procedure resulted in significantly less anterior and anteroinferior translation at 60° of abduction. Conclusion Biomechanically, the Latarjet procedure outperforms the bone graft in reducing translation in anteroinferior glenoid bone defects. The advantage of the Latarjet procedure is particularly evident at 60° of glenohumeral abduction. Clinical Relevance On the basis of the results of this biomechanical study, the authors recommend the Latarjet procedure for restoring stability in shoulders with a significant glenoid bone defect.
Key developmental transitions in human germinal center B cells are revealed by differential CD45RB expression
Authors: Jackson Stephen M. , Harp Natessa , Patel Darshna , Wulf Jordan , Spaeth Erich D. , Dike Uzoamaka K. , James Judith A. , Capra J. Donald 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe previously reported that RO+ expression correlated with increased mutation, activation, and selection among human germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we subdivided human tonsillar B cells, including IgD−CD38+ GC B cells, into different fractions based on RB expression. Although each subset contained RB+ cells, when used as an intrasubset marker, differential RB expression effectively discriminated between phenotypically distinct cells. For example, RB+ GC B cells were enriched for activated cells with lower AID expression. RB inversely correlated with mutation frequency, demonstrating a key difference between RB- and RO-expressing GC B cells. Reduced RB expression during the transition from pre-GC (IgM+IgD+CD38+CD27−) to GCB cells was followed by a dramatic increase during the GC-to-plasmablast (IgD−CD38++CD27+) and memory (IgD−CD38−CD27+) transition. Interestingly, RB+ GC B cells showed increased signs of terminal differentiation toward CD27+ post-GC early plasmablast (increased CD38 and RO) or early memory (decreased CD38 and RO) B cells. We propose that as in T cells, differential RB expression directly correlates with development- and function-based transitions in tonsillar B cells. Application of this RB:RO system should advance our understanding of normal B-cell development and facilitate the isolation of more discrete B-cell populations with potentially different propensities in disease pathogenesis.
High-affinity neurotrophin receptors and ligands promote leukemogenesis
Authors: Li Zhixiong , Beutel Gernot , Rhein Mathias , Meyer Johann , Koenecke Christian , Neumann Thomas , Yang Min , Krauter Jürgen , von Neuhoff Nils , Heuser Michael , Diedrich Helmut , Göhring Gudrun , Wilkens Ludwig , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Ganser Arnold , Baum Christopher 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNeurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors play a key role in neurogenesis and survival. The TRK (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptor protein tyrosine kinases (TRKA, TRKB, TRKC) are high-affinity NT receptors that are expressed in a variety of human tissues. Their role in normal and malignant hematopoiesis is poorly understood. In a prospective study involving 94 adult patients we demonstrate for the first time cell-surface expression of the 3 TRKs and constitutive activation in blasts from patients with de novo or secondary acute leukemia. At least one TRK was expressed in 55% of the analyzed cases. We establish a clear correlation between the TRK expression pattern and FAB classification. Although only few point mutations were found in TRK sequences by reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we observed coexpression of BDNF (ligand for TRKB) in more than 50% of TRKB+ cases (16/30). Activation of TRKA or TRKB by NGF and BDNF, respectively, efficiently rescued murine myeloid cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis. Coexpression of TRKB/BDNF or TRKA/NGF in murine hematopoietic cells induced leukemia. Moreover, activation of TRKs was important for survival of both human and murine leukemic cells. Our findings suggest that TRKs play an important role in leukemogenesis and may serve as a new drug target.
Defining the target specificity of ABT-737 and synergistic antitumor activities in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Whitecross Kate F. , Alsop Amber E. , Cluse Leonie A. , Wiegmans Adrian , Banks Kellie-Marie , Coomans Claudia , Peart Melissa J. , Newbold Andrea , Lindemann Ralph K. , Johnstone Ricky W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The apoptotic and therapeutic activities of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat are blocked by overexpresssion of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL. Herein, we used the small molecule inhibitor ABT-737 to restore sensitivity of Eμ-myc lymphomas overexpressing Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL to vorinostat and valproic acid (VPA). Combining low-dose ABT-737 with vorinostat or VPA resulted in synergistic apoptosis of these cells. ABT-737 was ineffective against Eμ-myc/Mcl-1 and Eμ-myc/A1 cells either as a single agent or in combination with HDACi. However, in contrast to the reported binding specificity data, Eμ-myc/Bcl-w lymphomas were insensitive to ABT-737 used alone or in combination with HDACi, indicating that the regulatory activity of ABT-737 is restricted to Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Eμ-myc lymphomas that expressed Bcl-2 throughout the tumorigenesis process were especially sensitive to ABT-737, while those forced to overexpress Mcl-1 were not. This supports the notion that tumor cells “addicted” to ABT-737 target proteins (ie, Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL) are likely to be the most sensitive target cell population. Our studies provide important preclinical data on the binding specificity of ABT-737 and its usefulness against primary hematologic malignancies when used as a single agent and in combination with HDACi.
Rationale and design of PROSPECT-CONKO 004: a prospective, randomized trial of simultaneous pancreatic cancer treatment with enoxaparin and chemotherapy)
Authors: Riess Hanno , Pelzer Uwe , Hilbig Andreas , Stieler Jens , Opitz Bernhard , Scholten Theo , Kauschat-Brüning Dörte , Bramlage Peter , Dörken Bernd , Oettle Helmut 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
Advanced pancreatic cancer, in addition to its high mortality, is characterized by one of the highest rates of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) as compared to other types of cancer. Enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), has proven to be effective for the prevention and treatment of VTE in surgical and general medical patients. Results of some small studies suggest that this benefit might extend to patients with cancer, however, enoxaparin is not currently indicated for this use. This phase IIb study was designed to analyze the efficacy of enoxaparin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing systemic chemotherapy.

Methods
The aim of this prospective multicenter trial is to compare concomitant treatment with enoxaparin to no anticoagulation in 540 patients. Primary endpoint is the incidence of clinically relevant VTE (symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the leg and/or pelvic and/or pulmonary embolism (PE)) within the first 3 months. Secondary endpoints include the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic VTE after 6, 9 and 12 months as well as remission at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, overall survival and bleeding. Trial registration: isrctn.org identifier CCT-NAPN-16752, controlled-trials.com identifier: ISRCTN02140505.

Results
An interim analysis for safety performed after inclusion of 152 patients revealed no increased risk of bleeding (5 pts vs. 6 pts, Chi2: 0.763).

Conclusion
PROSPECT is a pivotal study in elucidating the role of low molecular weight heparins in advanced pancreatic cancer. Its results will lead to a new understanding of the role of heparins in the prevention of venous thromboembolism and of their effect on survival, remission rates and toxicity of chemotherapeutic regimens.