bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of Clefts on Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Mars Michael 
Published: October 2005

Objective To identify the long-term effects of clefts (intrinsic and functional) on craniofacial growth and to evaluate the possible association between the sizes of the cleft maxillary segment (intrinsic) and alveolar cleft (functional) and the craniofacial morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. Subjects Thirty unoperated adult patients with UCLP and 52 normal controls. Main Outcome Measures Maxillary dental cast was used to measure the sizes of the cleft maxillary segment and alveolar cleft. Cephalometry was used to determine craniofacial morphology. Results Patients with UCLP had shorter height of the basal maxilla, shorter posterior length of the basal maxilla, and less protruded basal maxilla at the zygomatic level than did control subjects. In patients with UCLP, the posterior height of the basal maxilla was related to the size of the cleft maxillary segment, and there was a tendency toward significant association between the anterior height of the basal maxilla and the size of the alveolar cleft. Conclusion The adverse effects of clefts on the growth of the maxilla in patients with UCLP are restricted to the basal maxilla in size. This growth inhibition is major in height and minor in length. The reduced posterior height of the basal maxilla in unoperated patients with UCLP might be primarily attributed to intrinsic effects, whereas the reduced anterior height of the basal maxilla might be attributed to functional effects.
Role of colloidal interactions in oil sand tailings treatment
Authors: Long J. , Li H. , Xu Z. , Masliyah J. H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo provide fundamental insights into the treatment of oil sand tailings, the forces between a clay fine or silica particle and a silica wafer in aqueous solutions were measured using an atomic force microscope. A high molecular weight, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was used as the flocculant. The effect of polymer dosage, solution pH, and addition of calcium and magnesium ions on the interaction and adhesion forces was studied. Tailings settling tests were carried out to link the measured forces with tailings treatment. The results showed that the addition of the polymer at low dosages or divalent ions at low concentrations resulted in adhesion interactions. The adhesion force increased with increasing polymer dosage or cation concentration until an optimum dosage or concentration was reached. Higher polymer dosage and ion concentration resulted in a weaker adhesion or even purely repulsive force profiles. The synergy of the polymer and divalent ions significantly enhanced the adhesion between fine solids. The measured adhesion forces correlated well with settling characteristics: the stronger the adhesion, the higher the initial settling rate. This study suggests a potential new technology for oil sand tailings treatment using the synergic effect of polymers and divalent cations. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Diffusion pattern of the use of genomic databases and analysis of biological sequences from 1970–2003: Bibliographic record analysis of 12 journals
Authors: Shachak Aviv 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn recent years there has been an explosion of biological data stored in large central databases, tools to handle the data, and educational programs to train scientists in using bioinformatics resources. Still, the diffusion of bioinformatics within the biological community has yet to be extensively studied. In this study, the diffusion of two bioinformatics‐related practices—using genomic databases and analyzing DNA and protein sequences—was investigated by analyzing MEDLINE records of 12 journals, representing various fields of biology. The diffusion of these practices between 1970 and 2003 follows an S‐shaped curve typical of many innovations, beginning with slow growth, followed by a period of rapid linear growth, and finally reaching saturation. Similar diffusion patterns were found for both the use of genomic databases and biological sequence analysis, indicating the strong relationship between these practices. This study presents the surge in the use of genomic databases and analysis of biological sequences and proposes that these practices are fully diffused within the biological community. Extrapolating from these results, it suggests that taking a diffusion of innovations approach may be useful for researchers as well as for providers of bioinformatics applications and support services.
The influence of structural and message features on Web site credibility
Authors: Hong Traci 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article explores the associations that message features and Web structural features have with perceptions of Web site credibility. In a within‐subjects experiment, 84 participants actively located health‐related Web sites on the basis of two tasks that differed in task specificity and complexity. Web sites that were deemed most credible were content analyzed for message features and structural features that have been found to be associated with perceptions of source credibility. Regression analyses indicated that message features predicted perceived Web site credibility for both searches when controlling for Internet experience and issue involvement. Advertisements and structural features had no significant effects on perceived Web site credibility. Institution‐affiliated domain names (.gov, .org, .edu) predicted Web site credibility, but only in the general search, which was more difficult. Implications of results are discussed in terms of online credibility research and Web site design.
Control of continuous polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis using calorimetry and flow cytometry
Authors: Maskow Thomas , Müller Susann , Lösche Andreas , Harms Hauke , Kemp Richard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe substrate‐carbon flow can be controlled in continuous bioreactor cultures by the medium composition, for example, by the C/N ratio. The carbon distribution is optimal when a maximum fraction flows into the desired product and the residual is just sufficient to compensate for the dilution of the microbial catalyst. Undershooting of the latter condition is reflected immediately by changes in the Gibbs energy dissipation and cellular states. Two calorimetric measurement principles were applied to optimize the continuous synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Variovorax paradoxus DSM4065 during growth with constantly increasing supply rates of fructose or toxic phenol. Firstly, the changed slope of the heat production rate in a complete heat balanced bioreactor (CHB) indicated optimum carbon channeling into PHB. The extent of the alteration depended directly on the toxic properties of the substrate. Secondly, a flow through calorimeter was connected with the bioreactor as a “measurement loop.” The optimum substrate carbon distribution was indicated by a sudden change in the heat production rate independent of substrate toxicity. The sudden change was explained mathematically and exploited for the long‐term control of phenol conversion into PHB. LASER flow cytometry measurements distinguished between subpopulations with completely different PHB‐content. Populations grown on fructose preserved a constant ratio of two subpopulations with double and quadruple sets of DNA. Cells grown on phenol comprised a third subpopulation with a single DNA set. Rising phenol concentrations caused this subpopulation to increase. It may thus be considered as an indicator of chemostress. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, inc.
Thermostabilization of porcine kidney D‐amino acid oxidase by a single amino acid substitution
Authors: Bakke Mikio , Setoyama Chiaki , Miura Retsu , Kajiyama Naoki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractD‐amino acid oxidase (DAO) is of considerable practical importance, such as bioconversion and enzymatic assay. In this study, we succeeded in obtaining a thermostable mutant DAO from porcine kidney by a single amino acid substitution. This mutant enzyme, F42C, was stable at 55°C, while the wild‐type enzyme was stable only up to 45°C. The Km values of F42C for D‐amino acids was about half of those of the wild‐type enzyme. This mutant DAO with improved stability and affinity for its substrates is advantageous for the determination of D‐amino acids. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, inc.
In silico analysis for transcription factors with Zn(II)2C6 binuclear cluster DNA‐binding domains in Candida albicans
Authors: Maicas Sergi , Moreno Inmaculada , Nieto Almudena , Gómez Micaela , Sentandreu Rafael , Valentín Eulogio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA total of 6047 open reading frames in the Candida albicans genome were screened for Zn(II)2C6‐type zinc cluster proteins (or binuclear cluster proteins) involved in DNA recognition. These fungal proteins are transcription regulators of genes involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including metabolism of different compounds such as sugars or amino acids, as well as multi‐drug resistance, control of meiosis, cell wall architecture, etc. The selection criteria used in the sequence analysis were the presence of the CysX2CysX6CysX5–16CysX2CysX6–8Cys motif and a putative nuclear localization signal. Using this approach, 70 putative Zn(II)2C6 transcription factors have been found in the genome of C. albicans. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of pathologic complete response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in carcinoma of the esophagus and outcome after pathologic complete response
Authors: Rohatgi Pooja , Swisher Stephen G. , Correa Arlene M. , Wu Tsung‐T. , Liao Zhongxing , Komaki Ritsuko , Walsh Garrett L. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Rice David C. , Roth Jack A. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to test the hypothesis that a lower clinical TNM stage is associated with a higher rate of pathologic complete response (pathCR) in patients with esophageal carcinoma receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy and to determine whether outcome after pathCR is related to clinical stage or treatment.METHODSClinical parameters and surgical specimens of patients with esophageal carcinoma undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy were analyzed to identify predictors of pathCR. In patients with pathCR, predictors of overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), and distant recurrence were studied.RESULTSSixty‐nine (29%) of 235 patients achieved pathCR. In patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage II carcinoma, the proportion achieving pathCR was significantly larger than that achieving <pathCR (65% vs. 35%; P = 0.03). The proportion of patients who received induction chemotherapy was higher in the pathCR group than in the <pathCR group (54% vs. 46%; P = 0.05). However, neither TNM classification, primary tumor location, histologic type, gender, therapy sequence, or radiation dose (45 grays [Gy] vs. 50.4 Gy) were found to have any influence on OS or DFS. The median OS from pathCR was significantly longer than that from <pathCR (133 mos vs. 34 mos; P = 0.002). Similarly, DFS was longer in the pathCR group than in the <pathCR (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSPatients with clinical AJCC Stage II esophageal carcinoma are more likely to achieve a pathCR after preoperative chemoradiotherapy than are those with Stage III carcinoma. Chemoradiotherapy as primary therapy for patients with Stage I esophageal carcinoma warrants investigation as a means to preserve their esophagus. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Tobacco smoking, GSTP1 polymorphism, and bladder carcinoma
Authors: Cao Wei , Cai Lin , Rao Jian‐Yu , Pantuck Allan , Lu Ming‐Lan , Dalbagni Guido , Reuter Victor , Scher Howard , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Figlin Robert A. , Belldegrun Arie , Zhang Zuo‐Feng 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough cigarette smoking is considered a major risk factor for bladder carcinoma, little is known about the interaction between metabolic genes such as glutathione‐S‐transferase P1 and tobacco smoking in this process. GSTP1 may play a role in detoxification of tobacco‐related carcinogens.METHODSIn this case–control study of 145 cases with bladder carcinoma (male:female = 7.5:1) and 170 noncancer controls (male:female = 3.7:1), the relation between genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 and susceptibility to bladder carcinoma was investigated and the gene–environment interaction between tobacco smoking and GSTP1 polymorphism was evaluated. Epidemiological data were collected for all cases and controls by a standard questionnaire. Polymorphisms of GSTP1 were measured by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. The logistic regression model in SAS was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).RESULTSCigarette smoking was confirmed as a risk factor of bladder carcinoma with an OR of 3.1 (95% CI: 1.7–5.9) after controlling for potential confounding factors. The OR for pack‐years of smoking as a continuous variable was 2.4 (95% CI: 2.0–2.8). The ORs were 7.6 (95% CI: 1.18–49.51) for isoleucine/valine (Ile/Val) and 6.5 (95% CI: 1.01–41.56) for Ile/Ile when the homozygous Val/Val was considered as comparison group after adjusting for age, gender, race, and education. The adjusted OR for interaction between smoking and the GSTP1 (any Ile genotype) was 11.42 (95% CI: 0.53–248.15).CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that the Ile 105 allele is associated with an increased risk of bladder carcinoma and suggest that individuals who smoke and possess the Ile allele might be at increased risk for bladder carcinoma. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Long remissions in hairy cell leukemia with purine analogs
Authors: Else Monica , Ruchlemer Rosa , Osuji Nnenna , Del Giudice Ilaria , Matutes Estella , Woodman Anthony , Wotherspoon Andrew , Swansbury John , Dearden Claire , Catovsky Daniel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDBoth pentostatin and cladribine have efficacy in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), but it is not known which agent achieves better results.METHODSWe reviewed a series of 219 patients with HCL, with median follow‐up from diagnosis of 12.5 years (range 1.0 –34.6 yrs), treated with either pentostatin (n= 185) or cladribine (n= 34), to compare these agents and assess the potential for cure.RESULTSOverall response to pentostatin was 96% with a complete response (CR) in 81% and a median disease‐free survival (DFS) of 15 years. Response to first‐line cladribine was 100% with a CR in 82% and DFS of 11+ years. The relapse rates at 5 years and 10 years were 24% and 42%, respectively, with pentostatin, and 33% and 48% with cladribine. Survival at 10 years was respectively 96% and 100%. CR rates decreased with each sequential relapse through 69% to 45% (P≤ 0.001). Patients achieving CR after first‐line treatment had a significantly longer DFS (P= 0.00007) than those achieving a partial response; a similar result was seen after second‐line therapy (P= 0.00001). DFS also declined with sequential treatment (P= 0.00005).CONCLUSIONWe have shown equivalent efficacies for both agents in the treatment of HCL, with DFS showing no plateau. True cure in HCL remains elusive, but the addition of monoclonal antibodies may be beneficial. Our results suggest that achieving CR should remain the main goal of treatment. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Effect of a pT0 cystectomy specimen without neoadjuvant therapy on survival
Authors: Volkmer Bjoern G. , Kuefer Rainer , Bartsch Georg , Straub Michael , de Petriconi Robert , Gschwend Juergen E. , Hautmann Richard E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn some cases of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, no residual tumor is found in the cystectomy specimen (the pT0 classification). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of such patients in a large cystectomy series.METHODSAll 900 patients with radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for TCC of the bladder in the period January 1986 to September 2003 who received no neoadjuvant therapy were included. Cystectomy specimens from 181 (20.1%) patients were graded as pT0. Complete follow‐up was obtained in all cases. Tumor‐specific survival (pT0 vs. pT+) was calculated with the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log‐rank test.RESULTSThe rate of lymph node metastases in the pT0 group was 6.6%. pT0 status was found with Ta/is/1 in 36.8%, T2a in 41.8%, and T2b in 10.9%. The 169 patients with pT0pN0 tumors had 10‐year tumor‐specific survival rates of 91.0. There was no statistically significant survival benefit for pT0pN0 tumors compared with pT+pN0 tumors for maximal tumor classifications of pTa/pTis/pT1 and pT2b, but patients with a pT0T2apN0 tumor had a statistically significantly better tumor‐specific survival than those with a pT2apN0 tumor (P = 0.002). No patient with a pT0pN0 tumor had a local recurrence. The rate of incidental second primary malignancies in a specimen was 15.5%.CONCLUSIONSA pT0pN0 cystectomy specimen indicates a curative therapy, but there is a substantial risk of tumor recurrence. In the group of tumors with a maximal classification of pT2a, the pT0 tumors constitute a subgroup with a significantly higher likelihood of survival. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Akt activation correlates with adverse outcome in tongue cancer
Authors: Massarelli Erminia , Liu Diane D. , Lee J. Jack , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Staibano Stefania , De Placido Sabino , Myers Jeffrey N. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent data have shown a significant association between phosphorylated‐Akt (p‐Akt) and failure of local disease control by radiation therapy in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC), and also that Akt activation correlates with histologic progression of HNSCC from premalignant lesions to invasive cancer. This study evaluated the role of Akt in previously untreated preneoplastic lesions of oral cavity and invasive tongue carcinoma on patient outcome and cancer development.METHODSPKB/Akt activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a phosphorylation state‐specific antibody (Ser 473) in tongue cancer and preneoplastic specimens of oral cavity.RESULTSThe expression of p‐Akt was detected in 24 (46%) of the 52 available tongue cancer cases and in 10 (45%) of the 22 available preneoplastic lesions. In tongue cancer, with a median follow‐up of 7.3 years, p‐Akt was highly expressed in the cases that relapsed (15 of 17, 88%) or died of cancer (10 of 12, 83%). Disease‐free survival was significantly shorter in cases with Akt expression (log rank test, P < 0.0001) independently of the stage and nodal status.CONCLUSIONSExpression of p‐Akt correlated with worse outcome in patients with tongue cancer. This finding highlights the potential role of Akt as a prognostic marker and as a potential target for molecular therapeutics. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Trends in survival from primary central nervous system lymphoma, 1975–1999
Authors: Panageas Katherine S. , Elkin Elena B. , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Ben‐Porat Leah , Abrey Lauren E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe age‐adjusted incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has increased since the 1970s, and treatment for this disease has evolved considerably. The objective of this study was to examine time trends in overall survival and disease‐specific mortality in a population‐based cohort of patients with PCNSL.METHODSWe identified patients diagnosed with PCNSL from 1975–1999 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registries. To assess time trends, year of diagnosis was classified in 5‐year intervals: 1975–1980, 1981–1985, 1986–1990, 1991–1995, and 1996–1999. Overall survival distributions were estimated via Kaplan‐Meier methodology and a competing risk analysis was used to assess PCNSL‐specific mortality. We used information on underlying cause of death to distinguish likely immunocompetent patients from those whose PCNSL was related to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). We also examined survival stratified by age at diagnosis.RESULTSFrom 1975–1999, 2462 patients were diagnosed with PCNSL in SEER. Median survival was 4 months (95% CI 4, 5) for the entire cohort and 9 months (95% CI 8, 11) for the immunocompetent cohort (n = 1565). In the immunocompetent cohort, 965 of 1323 (73%) deaths were attributed to PCNSL. No significant time trend was observed in either overall or PCNSL‐specific survival.CONCLUSIONSOverall survival for patients with PCNSL has not improved consistently in the past three decades despite important therapeutic advances during this time. Although results from clinical trials suggest progress in the treatment of PCNSL, survival improvements are not reflected in this population‐based cohort. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Tumour spread in serosal cavities: What have we learned?
Authors: Lærum Ole Didrik 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDuring the Montebello Conference on malignant serosal tumours at Lillehammer, Norway, in June 2004, a group of 30 international experts addressed the biologic and genetic aspects of malignant tumours affecting serosal cavities in the human body. Three neoplasms were mainly dealt with: mesotheliomas arising locally, ovarian carcinomas developing in close proximity to the serosa, and breast tumours in which the spread came from some distance. New, important data on the tumour microenvironment and the process of carcinogenesis with progression and acquisition of invasive properties shed new lights on the mechanisms, including proliferative properties, alterations of signal transduction pathways, and tissue remodelling by proteolytic enzymes in the metastasizing cells. Several of these markers have considerable diagnostic and clinical interest. In addition, new aspects of morphologic and immunocytochemical characteristics of the cells as well as genetic markers may soon become powerful tools for practical use. The molecular fingerprint of the individual tumours may also give guidelines for chemotherapy as well as biologic therapies, including induction of apoptosis. The easy accessibility of tumours from serosal fluids and possibilities for specific discrimination of the neoplastic cells from admixed leukocytes and other cells are promising avenues for cytodiagnostics. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;33:292–293. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differentiation of cardiac Purkinje fibers requires precise spatiotemporal regulation of Nkx2‐5 expression
Authors: Harris Brett S. , Spruill Laura , Edmonson Angela M. , Rackley Mary S. , Benson D. Woodrow , O'Brien Terrence X. , Gourdie Robert G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNkx2‐5 gene mutations cause cardiac abnormalities, including deficits of function in the atrioventricular conduction system (AVCS). In the chick, Nkx2‐5 is elevated in Purkinje fiber AVCS cells relative to working cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that Nkx2‐5 expression rises to a peak as Purkinje fibers progressively differentiate. To disrupt this pattern, we overexpressed Nkx2‐5 from embryonic day 10, as Purkinje fibers are recruited within developing chick hearts. Overexpression of Nkx2‐5 caused inhibition of slow tonic myosin heavy chain protein (sMHC), a late Purkinje fiber marker but did not affect Cx40 levels. Working cardiomyocytes overexpressing Nkx2‐5 in these hearts ectopically up‐regulated Cx40 but not sMHC. Isolated embryonic cardiomyocytes overexpressing Nkx2‐5 also displayed increased Cx40 and suppressed sMHC. By contrast, overexpression of a human NKX2‐5 mutant did not effect these markers in vivo or in vitro, suggesting one possible mechanism for clinical phenotypes. We conclude that a prerequisite for normal Purkinje fiber maturation is precise regulation of Nkx2‐5 levels. Developmental Dynamics 235:38–49, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.