bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photon number resolving detection with a single-photon detector and adaptive storage loop
Authors: Sullivan Nicholas M , Braverman Boris , Upham Jeremy , Boyd Robert W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Photon number resolving (PNR) measurements are beneficial or even necessary for many applications in quantum optics. Unfortunately, PNR detectors are usually large, slow, expensive, and difficult to operate. However, if the input signal is multiplexed, photon ‘click’ detectors, that lack an intrinsic PNR capability, can still be used to realize photon number resolution. Here, we investigate the operation of a single click detector, together with a storage line with tunable outcoupling. Using adaptive feedback to adjust the storage outcoupling rate, the dynamic range of the detector can in certain situations be extended by up to an order of magnitude relative to a purely passive setup. An adaptive approach can thus allow for photon number variance below the quantum shot noise limit under a wider range of conditions than using a passive multiplexing approach. This can enable applications in quantum enhanced metrology and quantum computing.
Investigation of electrical ageing effects on the structural and electrical properties of polystyrene by charging and discharging current method
Authors: Hedir Abdallah , Slimani Ferhat , Moudoud Mustapha , Lamrous Omar , Diaham Sombel , Teguar Madjid , Durmus Ali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on isothermal charging and discharging currents in polystyrene (PS). It is a well known fact that the discharging current is almost the mirror symmetry of the charging current at low electric fields. However, the experimental results presented and discussed in this study have revealed the possibility of an abnormal discharging current (ADC) flowing in the same direction as the charging current. Furthermore, electrical measurements implied that the electrical ageing of PS resulted in a significant increase in the charging current, even for extended ageing periods. Moreover, the intensity and duration of the reverse discharging current have evolved with electrical ageing. This characteristic can be attributed to the presence of ionic impurities both trapped at the polymer surface and in the bulk structure. To highlight the structural changes induced by electrical ageing, detailed structural analyses were conducted using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis.
Hybrid watermarking and encryption techniques for securing three-dimensional information
Authors: Liu Songxiao , Yu Nana , Xi Sixing , Ji Xiangxiang , Yuan Hao , Wang Xiaolei , Zhu Zhuqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A hybrid digital watermarking and encryption technique based on the Computer Generated Holography (CGH) and fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) combined with singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm is proposed for securing three-dimensional (3D) information. Initially, hierarchical 3D information is encrypted using the angular spectrum diffraction method and a random phase key. This process yields a binary real valued CGH, where incorporating a random phase key broadens the key space and adds complexity, effectively scrambling and concealing the 3D information. Subsequently, the encrypted binary real valued CGH is embedded into the host image as a watermark using the FRFT-SVD algorithm. This hybrid approach enhances the security of the watermarking process. In the final step, the CGH watermark is extracted using the inverse operation of the embedding algorithm. Applying the correct optical key and angular spectrum inverse algorithm successfully reconstructs the 3D information. The watermark algorithm’s efficiency significantly improves by leveraging the rapid computational speed and high focusing capabilities of the FRFT. Additionally, integrating SVD enhances the image’s resistance to geometric attacks, thereby improving the algorithm’s invisibility and robustness. The proposed scheme effectively achieves the encryption and digital watermarking of 3D information. Simulation results substantiate the presented watermarking scheme’s efficacy and robustness.
Design of a high-throughput integrated microfluidic chip combining micromixing and particle sorting functions
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hou Shuyue , Cheng Qiaorui , Wang Yongsheng , Zang Wenxuan , Duan Junping , Zhang Binzhen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Most of the current microfluidic chips can only achieve a single function, such as sample mixing, particle sorting, etc. Based on this, in this paper, we designed an integrated microfluidic chip that combines micromixers and separators, which can realize both sample mixing and particle sorting functions. We use software to simulate the chip’s performance and optimize its structure. The final design of the microfluidic chip consists of two parts: the micro-mixer adopts a V-shaped structure, and there are composite sidewall microstructures and contraction and expansion structures in the flow channel; in the part of the particle sorting, we use a combination of inertial sorting and microfiltration sorting. The chip can ultimately realize rapid short-range sample solution mixing and high-efficiency particle sorting within a specific flow rate, with a mixing effect of more than 94%, a sorting efficiency of up to 100%, and a sorting purity of more than 92%.
Resumable probabilistic teleportation of a three qubit state using different quantum channels
Authors: Kumar Mandal Manoj , Choudhury Binayak S , Samanta Soumen , Dhara Arpan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we describe two different probabilistic teleportation protocols for teleporting the same unknown 3-qubit state from the sender Alice to the receiver Bob. The speciality of the state is that it remains a 2-qubit entangled state after any of the three involved qubits is eliminated by partial trace operation. One of the protocols utilizes a two and a three-qubit separate channels while in the other protocol, a five-qubit channel is utilized. One of the channels in the first protocol is a non-maximally entangled Bell state while the 5-qubit channel used in the case of the second protocol is non-maximally entangled. Both the teleportation schemes are probabilistic with the feature that in the case of failure of the teleportation, the state to be teleported is not lost to the sender. So the process can be repeated after failure till success is achieved. Moreover, one of the channels is recovered in the failure case. Both protocols are resumable in the above sense. The above is the speciality of the present work. We analyze the efficiency of our protocol which shows that the present two protocols are better performing than some existing ones.
Nuclear decay database in fission product mass region*
Authors: Huang 黄 Xiao-Long 小龙 , Yang 杨 Dong 东 , Ge 葛 Zhi-Gang 智刚 , Wang 王 Xiang-Han 香涵 , Liu 刘 Yang-Yang 洋阳 , Jin 金 Yong-Li 永利 , Li 李 Jian 剑 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accurate and reliable nuclear decay databases are essential for fundamental and applied nuclear research studies. However, decay data are not usually as accurate as expected and need improvement. Hence, a new Chinese nuclear decay database in the fission product mass region (A = 66−172) based on several major national evaluated data libraries has been developed under joint efforts in the CNDC working group. A total of 2358 nuclides have been included in this decay database. Two main data formats, namely ENSDF and ENDF, have been adopted. For the total mean β and γ energies, available data from total absorption gamma ray spectroscopy measurements have been adopted. For some nuclides without experimental measurements, theoretically calculated values have been added.
Transport-driven toroidal rotation with general viscosity profile
Authors: Stoltzfus-Dueck T. , Brzozowski III R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using the assumption of a weak normalized turbulent viscosity, usually valid in practice, the modulated-transport model (Stoltzfus-Dueck 2012 Phys. Plasmas
19 055908) is generalized to allow the turbulent transport coefficient to vary in an arbitrary way on radial and poloidal position. The new approach clarifies the physical interpretation of the earlier results and significantly simplifies the calculation, via a boundary-layer asymptotic method. Rigorous detailed appendices verify the result of the simple boundary-layer calculation, also demonstrating that it achieves the claimed order of accuracy and providing a concrete prediction for the strong plasma flows in the immediate vicinity of the last closed flux surface. The new formulas are used to predict plasma rotation at the core-edge boundary, in cases with and without externally applied torque. Dimensional formulas and extensive discussion are provided, to support experimental application of the new model.
COREDIV simulations of D and D–T high current–high power Baseline pulses in JET-ITER like wall
Authors: Telesca G. , Field A.R. , Ivanova-Stanik I. , Brezinsek S. , Chomiczewska A. , Frigione D. , Garzotti L. , Kowalska-Strzeciwilk E. , Lomas P. , Mailloux J. , Pucella G. , Rimini F. , Van Eester D. , Zagórski R. ,   JET Contributors
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The two best performing pulses of the so called ITER-Baseline scenario (I
p = 3.5 MA and P
in ≈ 35 MW) of JET-ITER like wall, one in deuterium (D) the other in deuterium–tritium (D–T) plasma are examined and compared in this study. Generally, the D–T Baseline pulses exhibit an electron density level higher than the D pulses and the plasma energy is higher than in the comparable D pulses by up to 20%, reaching about 12 MJ in the pulse studied here. In contrast with the D pulses, the D–T pulses are often characterised by the increase in time of the radiated power in the mantle region (0.70 < ρ < 0.95), which may lead to the loss of the edge localised mode activity when the threshold H–L transition power is approached and to the subsequent plasma disruption due to excessive radiation. In this study we try to identify the physical mechanisms responsible for this behaviour using the available experimental data (principally the total radiated power from the bolometry) and the results of the fluid COREDIV model (1D in the core, 2D in the scrape-off-layer (SOL)), self-consistent with respect to core-SOL and also to main plasma-impurities. In fact, the loss of power caused by impurity radiation affects the temperature profile and finally the power to the divertor plate. The electron density and temperature profiles are numerically reconstructed as well as the radiated power density profiles, indicating no major difference in impurity transport in D and D–T. Indeed, the impurity transport coefficients used in COREDIV to match the experimental radiated power profiles are similar in the two pulses. The computed tungsten sources and densities are lower in the D–T pulse and the divertor impurity retention capability is a little better in the D–T pulse, indicatinga stronger collisional drag force in the SOL. The higher electron density and the broadening of its profile are the main cause of the observed increase of the radiated power in the D–T pulse.
Smoothness Enforcing Projected Gradient Descent Adversarial Training
Authors: Ma Menghao , Xu Ye , Xiong Feng , Gao Luxiong , Yang Huafang , Zou Bingyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The paper proposes a novel adversarial training method based on a smoothness enforcing framework called Smoothness Enforcing Adversarial Training (SEAT). It is known that the traditional adversarial training methods suffer from prohibitive computational overhead and mismatched class distributions. To this end, our method is combined with smoothness enforcing methods in adversarial training iterations to achieve better robustness and generalization. SEAT reuses gradient information computed when updating model parameters. Meanwhile, random initialization and output smearing are integrated into the process to optimize the mismatched problems with better generalization performance. Furthermore, the temporal ensembling serves as an implicit self-ensemble of the adversarial information which benefits from a longer memory. In different iterations, the smoothness constraints are imposed to enforce smoothness. Unlike existing adversarial training methods, our method is free from arbitrarily complicated distributions and expensive generation of adversarial examples. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of SEAT in comparison with state-of-the-art adversarial training methods.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Automated Test Resource Allocation
Authors: Chen Junying , Li Yingjie , Yang Yandan , Ma Jiqin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With the rapid increase of software complexity, automated testing has become the mainstream of software testing. However, the current automated test tools adopt a large number of common test equipment resource. At the beginning of the test, for specific test scenarios, the testers need to plan the test equipment resources according to the requirements of the software under test. An automatic test equipment resource planning and optimization algorithm based on group optimization is proposed IPSO (Improved Particle Swarm Optimization) to solve this problem. This method maps the requirement description to the equipment description to obtain the matching matrix, and then establishes a multi-objective constrained optimization model for test equipment resource planning. The solution is obtained through improved particle swarm optimization algorithm to achieve the optimal planning of test equipment resources. Compared with traditional manual planning methods, this algorithm reduces the workload of testers, and improves the automation and efficiency of testing. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimal solutions found by the algorithm proposed in this paper is superior to those of the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)) and Linearly Decreasing Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization (LWPSO) algorithms.
Discussion on the Reform of the Cultivation of Computational Thinking Ability for Information Engineering Major under the Background of Engineering Education Accreditation
Authors: An Xinjun , Wang Hongjuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Computational thinking is the basic ability that contemporary college students should have, and it is more demanding for engineering students. Combining with the orientation and characteristics of information engineering specialty in our university, and comparing with the graduation requirement index system in engineering education certification, this paper puts forward the idea of strengthening the cultivation of computational thinking ability, reconstructs the specialty curriculum system, strengthens the teaching of computational thinking series courses to optimize the teaching content, and implements the reform measures of “problem solving” series courses with “domain” as the teaching unit to innovate the practical teaching method. Years of teaching reform practice shows that the reform of computational thinking series courses has achieved good results and met the requirements of talent training objectives.
Components of Wireless Charging Technology for Smart Cars and Simple Applications
Authors: Shi Zhouxin , Zhang KaiBin , Chen Xiai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A wireless charging smart car that can perform rapid short-term wireless charging was designed in this research. This car features energy-saving, fast, and efficient operation, with strong usability and potential for development. The CH32V307VCT6 microcontroller is used as the main controller for the smart car, and the CH32V203C8T6 microcontroller functions as a control chip for the wireless charging transmitting end. Combining the use of a super-capacitor group as an energy storage device along with the DRV8701 motor drive and corresponding sensors, it enables the smart car to accomplish wireless charging and automatic tracking. The wireless transmission terminal of this project employs an LCC compensation circuit method and an inverter circuit to achieve high-power wireless charging of 600W. The wireless charging receiver module receives and converts electrical energy to ultimately power the movement of the smart car.
From powerpoint to powerplant: evaluating the impact of the U.S.-China Sunnylands commitment to tripling global renewable energy capacity by 2030
Authors: Ball-Burack Ari , Xi Xi , Kammen Daniel M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the Sunnylands statement, China and the U.S. committed to supporting efforts toward a global tripling of renewable energy by 2030. Despite unprecedented recent renewable energy growth, the world is currently off track by a substantial margin: 3,432 GW in 2030, a lacuna roughly equal to the world’s combined renewables capacity in 2022. Closing this gap requires vastly increased ambition and cooperation. The U.S. would need to significantly raise its domestic renewables ambitions. Meanwhile, both China and the U.S. would need to launch new efforts to collaboratively accelerate financial, technological, and capacity-building support for renewables development elsewhere in the world.

Whatever words we utter should be chosen with care, for people will hear them and be influenced by them for good or
ill.

- Attributed to the Buddha
Impact of endogenous learning curves on maritime transition pathways
Authors: Franz Sebastian , Bramstoft Rasmus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The maritime industry is a crucial hard-to-abate sector that is expected to depend on high-energy density renewable liquid fuels in the future. Traditionally, decarbonization pathways have been assessed assuming exogenous cost trajectories for renewable liquid fuels based on an exogenous learning curve. While past studies have looked at the impact of endogenizing learning curves for a specific technology utilizing linear approximation, a fully endogenous direct non-linear implementation of learning curves in a detailed sectoral model (maritime industry) that explores dynamics concerning sensitive parameters does not yet exist. Here, we apply an open-source optimization model for decarbonizing the maritime industry and further develop the model by encompassing a nonconvex mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming approach to analyze the impact of endogenized learning curves for renewable fuel costs following an experience curve approach. We find that global greenhouse gas emissions are significantly lower (up to 25% over a 30 year horizon) when utilizing endogenously modeled prices for renewable fuels compared to commonly used exogenous learning frameworks. Furthermore, we find that conventional modeling approaches overestimate the cost of climate mitigation, which can have significant policy implication related to carbon pricing and fuel efficiency requirements. In a broader context, this emphasizes the potential opportunities that can be achieved if policymakers and companies accelerate investments that drive down the costs of renewable technologies efficiently and thus trigger endogenous experience-based learning in real life.
Air pollution perception for air quality management: a systematic review exploring research themes and future perspectives
Authors: J Aswin Giri , S M Shiva Nagendra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Air pollution is perceived through sensory stimuli and interpreted by our brain. Perception is highly subjective and varies from person to person. As many direct and indirect factors influence air pollution perception, it is difficult to unearth the underlying mechanisms. Many studies have tried to understand the mechanisms and relations affecting perception, and it is important to evaluate those different approaches. We systematically reviewed 104 studies on air pollution perception, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. There is a difference between the public’s subjective perception and objective air quality measurements. This discrepancy has been found to occur due to varied socio-economic characteristics, knowledge, emotions, etc. The advent of social media and the internet has had a significant effect on risk perception. All these influencing factors create differences between the public’s perception and the scientific community/policymakers. This gap can be fixed by tailoring science-backed information for better communication. Based on past studies, we highlight the need for tailored data dissemination, integration of big data for urban management, development of robust frameworks to incorporate perception and use of a perception index for better communication.
Despite a century of warming, increased snowfall has buffered the ice phenology of North America’s largest high-elevation lake against climate change
Authors: Tronstad Lusha M , Oleksy Isabella A , Pomeranz Justin P F , Preston Daniel L , Gianniny Gordon , Cook Katrina , Holley Ana , Farnes Phil , Koel Todd M , Hotaling Scott 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Lakes are sentinels of environmental change. In cold climates, lake ice phenology—the timing and duration of ice cover during winter—is a key control on ecosystem function. Ice phenology is likely driven by a complex interplay between physical characteristics and climatic conditions. Under climate change, lakes are generally freezing later, melting out earlier, and experiencing a shorter duration of ice cover; however, few long-term records exist for large, high-elevation lakes which may be particularly vulnerable to climate impacts. Here, we quantified ice phenology over the last century (1927–2022) for North America’s largest high-elevation lake—Yellowstone Lake—and compared it to seven similar lakes in northern Europe. We show that contrary to expectation, the ice phenology of Yellowstone Lake has been uniquely resistant to climate change. Indeed, despite warming temperatures in the region, no change in the timing nor duration of ice cover has occurred at Yellowstone Lake due to buffering by increased snowfall. However, with projections of continued warming and shifting precipitation regimes in the high Rocky Mountains, it is unclear how long this buffering will last.
Anthropogenic influence on altitudinally amplified temperature change in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Ying , Hu Ting , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As the highest plateau on the Earth, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced rapid warming in the last decades, affecting natural ecosystem and water resources extending far beyond the plateau itself. A distinctive characteristic known as elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in the high mountain regions was particularly pronounced in the TP, whereby the magnitude of temperature warming was amplified with increasing altitudes. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, however, the link between the root cause of warming, human activities, and the EDW remains poorly understood. Here we used the homogenized observation and simulations by the newest climate models to discern human influence on both mean and extreme temperatures within the region. An optimal fingerprinting method was applied in a vertical space rather than in traditional horizontal space. We found that the long-term trends in mean and extreme temperature amplified with increasing elevation, with larger magnitude of trends at higher elevations. The response to external forcing, primarily driven by human activities, was robustly detected in altitudinal amplification of temperature increase, providing clear evidence of human causes of EDW. As warming increases, the EDW in the region will continue, with more pronounced EDW corresponding to larger magnitude of warming under a high emission scenario. These findings mark the first evidence of human influence on temperature across different vertical altitudes of climate system.