bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of subungual melanoma in situ
Authors: IMAKADO Sumihisa , SATO Hiroyuki , HAMADA Kazutoshi 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTMelanonychia, which is characterized by brown or black pigmentation within the nail plate, includes heterogeneous conditions such as pigmented nevus, subungual melanoma and lentigo. We treated two cases of subungual melanoma in situ. One case was a 58‐year‐old woman who suffered from a malignant melanoma in situ of the left third fingernail, who had also suffered from melanonychia of the fingers for more than 30 years. She had a past history of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The other patient was a 42‐year‐old man, who suffered from a malignant melanoma in situ of the right fifth fingernail. He had a past history of carcinoma of the stomach for which he had undergone surgery 2 years earlier. Both cases were accompanied by Hutchinson's sign on the fingertip skin, and the presence of this sign led to the correct diagnosis of subungual melanoma in situ. Judging from previously reported cases, it is unlikely that patients with malignant melanoma have an increased risk of carcinoma of the uterine cervix or of the stomach.
Influence of substrate orientation on the morphologyand orientation of LaNiO3 thin films
Authors: POČUČA M. , BRANKOVIĆ Z. , BRANKOVIĆ G. , VASILJEVIĆ‐RADOVIĆ D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryLaNiO3 thin films were successfully prepared by a chemical method from citrate precursors. The LNO precursor solution was spin‐coated onto Si (100) and Si (111) substrates. To obtain epitaxial or highly oriented films, the deposited layers were slowly heated in a gradient thermal field, with a heating rate of 1° min−1, and annealed at 700°C. The influence of different substrate orientations on the thin film morphology was investigated using atomic force microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Well‐crystallized films with grains aligned along a certain direction were obtained on both substrates. Films deposited on both substrates were very smooth, but with a different grain size and shape depending on the crystal orientation. Films deposited on Si (100) grew in the (110) direction and had elongated grains, whereas those on Si (111) grew in the (211) direction and had a quasi‐square grain shape.
Investigation of properties of electrochemically synthesizediron oxide nano‐powders
Authors: VULIĆEVIĆ L.J. , IVANOVIĆ N. , POPOVIĆ N. , NOVAKOVIĆ M. , POPOVIĆ M. , MITRIĆ M. , ANDRIĆ V. , BABIĆ D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryNano‐sized powders of iron oxides have been synthesized electrochemically at temperatures in the range of 295–361 K, and current densities in the range of 200–1000 mA dm−2. The structure and morphology of the powders were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Their infrared absorption spectra, specific heat Cp(T) and magnetic susceptibility χ(T) temperature dependences are also determined. The obtained powders consist of two phases, each possessing distinguished characteristics: the one formed of large plates and the other of whiskers. By appropriate adjustment of the synthesis conditions, it is possible to change features and relative abundances of the two phases, and that way to control morphology and other powder properties. Relaxation and transformation of the phases under external influences was also investigated, and the optimal procedure for preparation and stabilization of iron oxide nano‐sized powders with desired characteristics was established.
Early effects of gamma rays and protons on human melanoma cell viability and morphology
Authors: TODOROVIĆ D. , PETROVIĆ I. , TODOROVIĆ M. , CUTTONE G. , RISTIĆ‐FIRA A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe effects of irradiation with gamma rays and protons on HTB140 human melanoma cell morphology and viability were analyzed. Exponentially growing cells were irradiated close to the Bragg peak maximum of the 62‐MeV proton beam, as well as with 60Co gamma rays, with doses ranging from 8 to 24 Gy. The overall cell morphology was unchanged 6 and 48 h after gamma irradiation, also showing a relatively weak cell‐inactivation level. After exposure to proton beam, considerable changes in cell morphology followed by stronger cell inactivation were achieved. Proliferation capacity of irradiated cells significantly decreased in both experimental set‐ups. Higher ionization level of protons with respect to gamma rays, representing the main physical difference between these two types of radiation, was also revealed on the cell membrane level through larger pro‐apoptotic capacity of protons.
Transurethral ethanol injection therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Four‐year follow‐up
Authors: Sakr Mostafa , Eid Ahmed , Shoukry Mohammed , Fayed Abdelaziz 
Published: November 2008

Objective:  Evaluating long‐term (50 months) efficacy of transurethral intraprostatic injection of absolute ethanol to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:  A prospective study was conducted to evaluate 35 patients with BPH treated by transurethral injection of dehydrated ethanol. Mean age was 66.3 years. Endoscopic injection of 6–12 mL ethanol was carried out at 5–10 sites in the prostate. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate, prostate volume, postvoid residual and side effects or complications incidence were logged.Results:  Mean IPSS ± standard deviation improved significantly from 22.0 ± 3.89 preoperatively to 9.85 ± 2.23 at 50 months follow‐up. Mean peak urinary flow rate increased from 5.87 ± 3.69 mL/s to 16.89 ± 4.12 after 4 years. Mean residual urine volume had decreased from 68.6 ± 49.98 mL to 36.02 ± 20.87 after 4 years (P < 0.05). The prostate volume decreased from 52.67 ± 20.43 g preoperatively to 49.94 ± 21.28 g after 4 years (statistically significant). There were no intra‐operative complications but post‐operative urine retention occurred in all patients requiring catheterization for a mean 6.7 days. Acute epididymitis and chronic prostatitis occurred in two patients. Urethral stricture occurred in one patient.Conclusions:  This technique appears to be safe and cost effective. No occurrence of retrograde ejaculation was detected. The long‐term effects of ethanol injection of the prostate were satisfactory and acceptable as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality of selected patients.
Pediatric emergency and critical care in low‐income countries
Authors: BAKER TIM 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal 4 is to reduce the global under‐five mortality rate by two‐thirds by 2015. Achieving this goal requires substantial strengthening of health systems in low‐income countries. Emergency and critical care services are often one of the weakest parts of the health system and improving such care has the potential to significantly reduce mortality. Introducing effective triage and emergency treatments, establishing hospital systems that prioritize the critically ill and ensuring a reliable oxygen delivery system need not be resource intensive. Improving intensive care units, training health staff in the fundamentals of critical care concentrating on ABC – airway, breathing, and circulation – and developing guidelines for the management of common medical emergencies could all improve the quality of inpatient pediatric care. Integration with obstetrics, adult medicine and surgery in a combined emergency and critical care service would concentrate resources and expertise.
The phylogeography of Adelie penguin faecal flora
Authors: Banks Jonathan C. , Cary S. Craig , Hogg Ian D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe gut of animals changes quickly from a totally sterile environment before birth to a numerous and highly diverse microbial community shortly after birth. However, few studies have examined the source of the bacteria colonizing the gut. We used a genetic based approach to investigate the distribution and acquisition of faecal microbial communities by Adelie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, breeding in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica by cloning a portion of the 16S rRNA gene and by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA). We hypothesized that bacteria were either acquired from the penguins' neighbours or inherited from their ancestors. Samples were collected from Adelie penguin breeding colonies at the north‐western edge of the Ross Sea coast through to the southernmost Adelie penguin colonies on Ross Island. Most of the bacterial sequences we obtained were only distantly homologous with previously published sequences. Bacterial taxa appear to have a restricted distribution as the majority of 16S rRNA clones were isolated from only one or two hosts. Faecal bacterial community similarity was strongly negatively correlated with the genetic distance between hosts suggesting that bacterial communities are inherited. There was little support for a correlation between distance between collection sites and community similarity.
Performance, Grouping andSchenkerianAlternativeReadings inSomePassages fromBeethoven’s‘Lebewohl’ Sonata
Authors: Dodson Alan 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTIt is proposed that one musically interesting way to characterise and compare different performances or recordings of the same piece is by correlating them with different Schenkerian interpretations through the medium of grouping. This approach is demonstrated through an examination of four ‘either/or’ passages from the first movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata in EMajor, Op. 81a, passages in which at least two Schenkerian interpretations are possible. Schenker's own published and unpublished sketches, among others, are considered alongside recordings by Vladimir Ashkenazy, Emil Gilels, Richard Goode, Murray Perahia and Artur Rubinstein. The approach is not meant to be self‐sufficient, but rather to contribute a new set of tools to the emerging multidisciplinary field of performance studies.
Demo‐genetic analysis of a recovering population of otters in Central Sweden
Authors: Björklund M. , Arrendal J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe performed a demo‐genetic population viability analysis on a recovering population of otters Lutra lutra in Central Sweden, using data on population size, survival and genetic data from microsatellites. Population data were obtained from genotyping faeces. At present, the size and genetic variability of the population is increasing. We found that survival to first reproduction was the most crucial demographic parameter, and that even slight changes downward in this parameter, might lead to a declining population trajectory. Human factors that can affect mortality are traffic, fishing equipment and traps, and we argue that efforts to minimize road kills by means of safe passages as well as careful fishing efforts in streams and lakes would reduce the risk of extinction. In general, even though the population is now growing and has no inbreeding problem, its small abundance could make it vulnerable to chance events and environmental perturbations.
Searching for the Invisible Woman: The Evolution of White Women's Experience in Britain's West Indian Colonies
Authors: Zacek Natalie A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhite women in Britain's West Indian colonies, including Barbados, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands of Antigua, Montserrat, Nevis, and St. Kitts, have received far less attention from historians than have their counterparts in Britain's North American colonies. While scholars have taken up Mary Beth Norton's suggestion to historicize the evolution of white women's experience in colonial North America, the combination of the scarcity of evidence relating to women in the West Indian colonies and long‐standing stereotypes of such women as either decadent or passive have led to their historiographical neglect. However, in recent years a number of scholars have turned their attention to historical and literary analyses of white women's lives in the English settlements in the West Indies, and have uncovered evidence of female agency which has added depth and nuance to historical understanding of the lived experience of settlers in these British colonies. Many potential sources remain to be tapped for insights relating to the history of white women in these slave societies, and it is to be hoped that future histories of the British West Indies will be responsive to issues of gender.
Angiogenic/lymphangiogenic factors and adaptation to extreme altitudes during an expedition to Mount Everest
Authors: Patitucci M. , Lugrin D. , Pagès G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim:  To analyse the correlation between production of angiogenic [vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) and interleukin 8 (IL‐8)] and lymphangiogenic factors (VEGF‐C and D) and adaptation to high altitude (>8000 m). Erythropoietin (EPO) served as a positive control.Methods:  We analysed the percentage of oxygen saturation and the plasmatic contents of VEGF‐A, C, D, IL‐8 and EPO in seven mountaineers and four Sherpas during an expedition to Mount Everest. Acute mountain sickness was also evaluated using the Lake Louise score.Results:  Whereas VEGF‐A, IL‐8, VEGF‐C and EPO were transiently up‐regulated at 5000 m and decreased at the highest altitudes, VEGF‐D remained elevated throughout the ascent. Sherpas had increased basal levels of VEGF‐A, C, IL‐8 and EPO and up‐regulation of all the tested factors when they passed the altitude at which they lived.Conclusion:  Our data suggest that expression of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors is up‐regulated directly or indirectly by altitude‐dependent hypoxia. Both factors could be involved in a mechanism of adaptation to high altitudes.
Arabidopsis At5g39790 encodes a chloroplast-localized, carbohydrate-binding, coiled-coil domain-containing putative scaffold protein
Authors: Lohmeier-Vogel Elke M , Kerk David , Nimick Mhairi , Wrobel Susan , Vickerman Lori , Muench Douglas G , Moorhead Greg BG 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Starch accumulation and degradation in chloroplasts is accomplished by a suite of over 30 enzymes. Recent work has emphasized the importance of multi-protein complexes amongst the metabolic enzymes, and the action of associated non-enzymatic regulatory proteins. Arabidopsis At5g39790 encodes a protein of unknown function whose sequence was previously demonstrated to contain a putative carbohydrate-binding domain.

Results
We here show that At5g39790 is chloroplast-localized, and binds starch, with a preference for amylose. The protein persists in starch binding under conditions of pH, redox and Mg+2 concentrations characteristic of both the day and night chloroplast cycles. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrates a diurnal pattern of gene expression, with an accumulation of transcript during the light cycle and decline during the dark cycle. A corresponding diurnal pattern of change in protein levels in leaves is also observed. Sequence analysis shows that At5g39790 has a strongly-predicted coiled-coil domain. Similar analysis of the set of starch metabolic enzymes shows that several have strong to moderate coiled-coil potential. Gene expression analysis shows strongly correlated patterns of co-expression between At5g39790 and several starch metabolic enzymes.

Conclusion
We propose that At5g39790 is a regulatory scaffold protein, persistently binding the starch granule, where it is positioned to interact by its coiled-coil domain with several potential starch metabolic enzyme binding-partners.
High serum concentrations of autoantibodies to HSP47 in nonspecific interstitial pneumonia compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kakugawa Tomoyuki , Yokota Shin-ichi , Mukae Hiroshi , Kubota Hiroshi , Sakamoto Noriho , Mizunoe Syunji , Matsuoka Yasuhiro , Kadota Jun-ichi , Fujii Nobuhiro , Nagata Kazuhiro , Kohno Shigeru 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
The pathological diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) by surgical lung biopsy is important for clinical decision-making. However, there is a need to use less invasive biomarkers to differentiate nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) from other IIP such as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is involved in the processing and/or secretion of procollagen. HSP47 is increased in various fibrotic diseases. We investigated the autoantibodies to HSP47 in IIPs.

Methods
We measured the serum levels of the autoantibodies to HSP47 in 38 patients with various forms of IIP [16 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 15 with idiopathic NSIP, 7 with cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)] and 18 healthy volunteers.

Results
The serum levels of autoantibodies to HSP47 in patients with idiopathic NSIP were significantly higher than in patients with IPF (P < 0.01), COP (P < 0.05), and healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). In addition, those in fibrosing NSIP were significantly higher than those of cellular and fibrosing NSIP (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
We found high levels of anti-HSP47 autoantibody titers in sera of patients with idiopathic fibrosing NSIP compared with other IIPs and healthy volunteers.
Recombination analysis of Soybean mosaic virus sequences reveals evidence of RNA recombination between distinct pathotypes
Authors: Gagarinova Alla G , Babu Mohan , Strömvik Martina V , Wang Aiming 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
RNA recombination is one of the two major factors that create RNA genome variability. Assessing its incidence in plant RNA viruses helps understand the formation of new isolates and evaluate the effectiveness of crop protection strategies. To search for recombination in Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), the causal agent of a worldwide seed-borne, aphid-transmitted viral soybean disease, we obtained all full-length genome sequences of SMV as well as partial sequences encoding the N-terminal most (P1 protease) and the C-terminal most (capsid protein; CP) viral protein. The sequences were analyzed for possible recombination events using a variety of automatic and manual recombination detection and verification approaches. Automatic scanning identified 3, 10, and 17 recombination sites in the P1, CP, and full-length sequences, respectively. Manual analyses confirmed 10 recombination sites in three full-length SMV sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recombination between distinct SMV pathotypes. These data imply that different SMV pathotypes can simultaneously infect a host cell and exchange genetic materials through recombination. The high incidence of SMV recombination suggests that recombination plays an important role in SMV evolution. Obtaining additional full-length sequences will help elucidate this role.
Unraveling the biochemistry and provenance of pupylation: a prokaryotic analog of ubiquitination
Authors: Iyer Lakshminarayan M , Burroughs AM , Aravind L 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Recently Mycobacterium tuberculosis was shown to possess a novel protein modification, in which a small protein Pup is conjugated to the epsilon-amino groups of lysines in target proteins. Analogous to ubiquitin modification in eukaryotes, this remarkable modification recruits proteins for degradation via archaeal-type proteasomes found in mycobacteria and allied actinobacteria. While a mycobacterial protein named PafA was found to be required for this conjugation reaction, its biochemical mechanism has not been elucidated. Using sensitive sequence profile comparison methods we establish that the PafA family proteins are related to the γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and glutamine synthetase. Hence, we predict that PafA is the Pup ligase, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of the terminal γ-carboxylate of glutamate to lysines, similar to the above enzymes. We further discovered that an ortholog of the eukaryotic PAC2 (e.g. cg2106) is often present in the vicinity of the actinobacterial Pup-proteasome gene neighborhoods and is likely to represent the ancestral proteasomal chaperone. Pup-conjugation is sporadically present outside the actinobacteria in certain lineages, such as verrucomicrobia, nitrospirae, deltaproteobacteria and planctomycetes, and in the latter two lineages it might modify membrane proteins.

Reviewers

This article was reviewed by M. Madan Babu and Andrei Osterman
Attentional lapses, emotional regulation and quality of life in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Phillips Louise H. , Saldias Amber , McCarrey Anna , Henry Julie D. , Scott Clare , Summers Fiona , Whyte Maggie 
Published: November 2008

ObjectivesWe investigated the role of attentional lapses and emotion regulation in predicting multiple aspects of Quality of Life (QoL) in MS.MethodsIndividuals with MS (n = 86) reported on frequency of attentional lapses using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, deployment of different emotion regulation strategies using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and QoL on a range of domains using the WHOQoL‐BREF.ResultsRegression analyses indicated that attentional failures and infrequent use of emotional reappraisal strategies predicted variance in all aspects of QoL, in addition to effects of disease severity (total R2 s ranged from .134 to .446).ConclusionsProblems with attentional lapses and a failure to use effective emotion regulation strategies may contribute to reduced QoL in MS.
Application of a continuum-mechanical model for the flow of anisotropic polar ice to the EDML core, Antarctica
Authors: Seddik Hakime , Greve Ralf , Placidi Luca , Hamann Ilka , Gagliardini Olivier 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe present an application of the newly developed CAFFE model (Continuum-mechanical, Anisotropic Flow model based on an anisotropic Flow Enhancement factor) to the EPICA ice core at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (referred to as the EDML core). A one-dimensional flow model for the site is devised, which includes the anisotropic flow law and the fabric evolution equation of the CAFFE model. Three different solution methods are employed: (1) computing the ice flow based on the flow law of the CAFFE model and the measured fabrics; (2) solving the CAFFE fabric evolution equation under the simplifying assumption of transverse isotropy; and (3) solving the unrestricted CAFFE fabric evolution equation. Method (1) demonstrates clearly the importance of the anisotropic fabric in the ice column for the flow velocity. The anisotropic enhancement factor produced with method (2) agrees reasonably well with that of method (1), even though the measured fabric shows a girdle structure (which breaks the transverse isotropy) in large parts of the ice core. For method (3), we find that the measured fabric is reproduced well by the model down to ∼2100 m depth. Systematic deviations at greater depths are attributed to the disregard of migration recrystallization in the model.
Broadband source model of the 2021 MW 7.1 Fukushima‐ken Oki earthquake in Japan based on seafloor and onshore strong‐motion records
Authors: Satoh Toshimi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe 2021 MW 7.1 Fukushima‐ken Oki earthquake was the largest down‐dip compressional intraslab earthquake since August 2016, which is when S‐net records from the seafloor started to be provided. In this study, the empirical Green's function method was used with strong‐motion records from S‐net on the seafloor and KiK‐net onshore to estimate the broadband (0.2–10 Hz) source model of this earthquake. Three strong‐motion generation areas (SMGAs) with very high stress drops were estimated around the edge of the fault. One SMGA with a stress drop of 125 MPa was located in the oceanic crust in the shallow part of the Pacific Plate. The other two SMGAs with stress drops of 313 and 188 MPa were located in the deep part where previous source models without S‐net estimated a small slip. The two deep SMGAs increased the contribution of S‐net to more than that of KiK‐net. The short‐period spectral level was as high as that of the 2011 MW 7.1 Miyagi‐ken Oki earthquake, which was also a down‐dip compressional intraslab earthquake. The estimated broadband source model simulated the horizontal and vertical motions well at stations within 200 km of the hypocenter, except for surface waves at a few S‐net stations.