bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Italian National Food Consumption Survey INRAN-SCAI 2005–06: main results in terms of food consumption
Authors: Leclercq Catherine , Arcella Davide , Piccinelli Raffaela , Sette Stefania , Le Donne Cinzia ,   Aida Turrini on behalf of the INRAN-SCAI 2005–06 Study Group
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe current paper aims to present the main results of the Italian National Food Consumption Survey INRAN-SCAI 2005–06.DesignA cross-sectional study was performed. Households were randomly selected after geographical stratification of the national territory. Food consumption was assessed on three consecutive days through individual estimated dietary records.SettingItaly.SubjectsThe final study sample comprised 3323 subjects (1501 males and 1822 females) aged 0·1 to 97·7 years belonging to 1329 households: fifty-two infants (0–2·9 years), 193 children (3–9·9 years), 247 teenagers (10–17·9 years), 2313 adults (18–64·9 years) and 518 elderly (65 years and above).ResultsParticipation rate was 33 %. The mean ratio of estimated energy intake to estimated BMR was 1·41 in adults. Indicators of mean and high individual consumption are presented for fifteen large categories and fifty-one subcategories of foods and beverages, in the total population and in consumers, by age and sex categories. The overall consumption of fruit and vegetables was 418 g/d. The consumption of red meat was approximately 700 g/week, expressed as raw weight. Some specific aspects of the Italian food consumption pattern were confirmed: a large contribution from bread, pasta and pizza to cereals, from olive oil to fats and from wine to alcoholic beverages.ConclusionsThe database obtained from the survey will be the key reference for Italian food consumption during the coming years and will be utilized for a variety of purposes including the assessment of nutrient intakes and risk analysis.
The relationship between BMI and iron status in iron-deficient adolescent Iranian girls
Authors: Eftekhari MH , Mozaffari-Khosravi H , Shidfar F 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveMany Iranian adolescent girls are Fe-deficient, but it is unclear whether Fe deficiency is associated with other nutritional risk indicators. The present study aimed to investigate the association between Fe deficiency and weight status (measured as BMI) among a representative sample of adolescent girls.DesignA cross-sectional study. Fe-deficient high-school girls (with or without anaemia) were selected by systematic random sampling among all students in grades 1 to 4 from high schools for girls. Blood samples were collected and analysed for Hb, haematocrit, serum ferritin, Fe and total Fe binding capacity. Weight and height were measured. BMI was calculated and compared with age- and gender-specific BMI reference values.SettingSouth Iran.SubjectsA total of 431 adolescent girls aged 13–20 years.ResultsSome 15·3 % of the participants were at risk for overweight and 9·5 % of them were overweight. An inverse association was found between serum ferritin and BMI (r = −0·38, β = −0·21, P < 0·001). Anaemia was more prevalent among overweight Fe-deficient adolescents than among those Fe-deficient and at risk for overweight or normal weight (34·1 % v. 28·8 % v. 27·8 %, respectively; P < 0·001).ConclusionsAn inverse association was found between BMI and serum ferritin. Overweight adolescents demonstrated an increased prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia. It seems that both abnormalities of weight and Fe status should simultaneously be targeted in overweight female adolescents.
Paying it Forward as a Teacher-Mentor: An Interview with Bill Hill
Authors: Noble Linda M. 
Published: March 2009

Bill Hill received his PhD from the University of Georgia in 1979 and has been on the faculty at Kennesaw State University (KSU) ever since. He is currently director of the KSU Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning. His professional activities and research revolve around faculty development. In 1989, he founded, and continues to coordinate, the annual Southeastern Conference on the Teaching of Psychology. He has held leadership roles in the Society for the Teaching of Psychology, serving as president (2001–2002) and director of programming (2004–2008); he also coordinated the annual “best practices” in teaching psychology conference from 2002 to 2008. He received the 1985 KSU Distinguished Teaching Award and the 2004 American Psychological Foundation Charles L. Brewer Distinguished Teaching Award. Bill is a Fellow of Divisions 1, 2, and 52 in the American Psychological Association. Linda Noble completed her PhD at the University of Georgia in 1985 and began her career at KSU the same year. She served as chair of the Psychology Department, dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, and associate director of the Center for Excellence in Teaching and Learning. She has held several leadership positions in the Society for the Teaching of Psychology, including president (2003) and editor of the Methods and Techniques section of Teaching of Psychology. She is now serving as the assistant vice chancellor for Faculty Affairs at the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia, where she oversees faculty policies and procedures at all 35 state institutions and coordinates systemwide faculty development events.
Switching regulatory models of cellular stress response
Authors: Sanguinetti Guido , Ruttor Andreas , Opper Manfred , Archambeau Cedric 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Stress response in cells is often mediated by quick activation of transcription factors (TFs). Given the difficulty in experimentally assaying TF activities, several statistical approaches have been proposed to infer them from microarray time courses. However, these approaches often rely on prior assumptions which rule out the rapid responses observed during stress response.
Results: We present a novel statistical model to infer how TFs mediate stress response in cells. The model is based on the assumption that sensory TFs quickly transit between active and inactive states. We therefore model mRNA production using a bistable dynamical systems whose behaviour is described by a system of differential equations driven by a latent stochastic process. We assume the stochastic process to be a two-state continuous time jump process, and devise both an exact solution for the inference problem as well as an efficient approximate algorithm. We evaluate the method on both simulated data and real data describing Escherichia coli's response to sudden oxygen starvation. This highlights both the accuracy of the proposed method and its potential for generating novel hypotheses and testable predictions.
Availability: MATLAB and C++ code used in the article can be downloaded from http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/∼guido/.
Contact: guido@dcs.shef.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cellular Response of Pea Plants to Cadmium Toxicity: Cross Talk between Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide, and Calcium
Authors: Rodríguez-Serrano María , Romero-Puertas María C. , Pazmiño Diana M. , Testillano Pilar S. , Risueño María C. , del Río Luis A. , Sandalio Luisa M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCadmium (Cd) toxicity has been widely studied in different plant species; however, the mechanism involved in its toxicity as well as the cell response against the metal have not been well established. In this work, using pea (Pisum sativum) plants, we studied the effect of Cd on antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism of leaves using different cellular, molecular, and biochemical approaches. The growth of pea plants with 50 μ m CdCl2 affected differentially the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, giving rise to a SOD activity reduction. The copper/zinc-SOD down-regulation was apparently due to the calcium (Ca) deficiency induced by the heavy metal. In these circumstances, the overproduction of the ROS hydrogen peroxide and superoxide could be observed in vivo by confocal laser microscopy, mainly associated with vascular tissue, epidermis, and mesophyll cells, and the production of superoxide radicals was prevented by exogenous Ca. On the other hand, the NO synthase-dependent NO production was strongly depressed by Cd, and treatment with Ca prevented this effect. Under these conditions, the pathogen-related proteins PrP4A and chitinase and the heat shock protein 71.2, were up-regulated, probably to protect cells against damages induced by Cd. The regulation of these proteins could be mediated by jasmonic acid and ethylene, whose contents increased by Cd treatment. A model is proposed for the cellular response to long-term Cd exposure consisting of cross talk between Ca, ROS, and NO.
Characterization of the orf1‐tolQRA operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Wei Yang , Li Zhidong , Chen Bang , Liang Haihua , Duan Kangmin 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe tol‐pal genes play important roles in maintaining outer membrane integrity, transmembrane transportation, and cell division in Gram‐negative bacteria. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human opportunistic pathogen, the tol‐oprL genes are organized uniquely in three operons, orf1‐tolQRA, tolB and oprL‐orf2, and are regulated by iron availability. Similarity between TolQRA and the iron transport system ExbBD‐TonB also exists in P. aeruginosa and they can replace each other imperfectly. It is of importance to investigate the regulation and functions of this membrane complex. In the present study, we characterized the promoters and expression profiles of the orf1‐tolQRA operon and investigated the function of Orf1. Primer extension was carried out by using both isotope‐labeled and florescence labeled primers and the expression profiles were determined using both lacZ and luxCDABE‐based transcriptional fusions. Our results revealed two distinct promoters at the upstream region of tolQRA; the one located in front of orf1 was constitutive whereas the other within the orf1 coding region was iron regulated. Expression profiles indicate the tol genes were also downregulated by the quorum‐sensing systems during the late stage of growth. Unlike tolQ and tolA, we were able to construct a viable orf1 knockout strain, and the mutant exhibited altered cell and colony morphology, providing first evidence that Orf1 plays a non‐essential role in the Tol‐OprL complex in P. aeruginosa.
Combination therapy of in vitro‐expanded natural killer T cells and α‐galactosylceramide‐pulsed antigen‐presenting cells in patients with recurrent head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Kunii Naoki , Horiguchi Shigetoshi , Motohashi Shinichiro , Yamamoto Heizaburo , Ueno Naoyuki , Yamamoto Seiji , Sakurai Daiju , Taniguchi Masaru , Nakayama Toshinori , Okamoto Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2009

The aim of this clinical trial was to investigate the feasibility of intra‐arterial infusion of in vitro‐expanded Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells combined with submucosal injection of α‐galactosylceramide (KRN7000; αGalCer)‐pulsed antigen‐presenting cells (APC). A phase I clinical study was carried out in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with locally recurrent HNSCC refractory to standard therapy were eligible. Eight patients received super‐selective transcatheter intra‐arterial infusion of activated Vα24 NKT cells into tumor‐feeding arteries and nasal submucosal injections of αGalCer‐pulsed APC twice with a 1‐week interval. Vα24 NKT cell‐specific immune responses, safety, and antitumor effects were evaluated. The number of Vα24 NKT cells and interferon‐γ‐producing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells increased in seven out of eight patients enrolled. Grade 3 toxicity with a pharyngocutaneous fistula related to local tumor reduction was observed in one patient and mild adverse events with grade 1–2 symptoms occurred in seven patients. Regarding the clinical responses, three cases exhibited a partial but significant response, four were classified as stable disease, and one patient continued to develop progressive disease. The use of the intra‐arterial infusion of activated Vα24 NKT cells and the submucosal injection of αGalCer‐pulsed APC has been shown to induce significant antitumor immunity and had beneficial clinical effects in the management of advanced HNSCC. The use of such therapeutic modalities may be helpful in the management of tumors and therefore needs to be explored in further detail. The clinical trial registration number was UMIN000000722. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1092–1098)
Gastric carcinogenesis by N‐Methyl‐N‐Nitrosourea is enhanced in db/db diabetic mice
Authors: Yoshizawa Nao , Yamaguchi Hirokazu , Yamamoto Masami , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Furihata Chie , Tatematsu Masae , Seto Yasuyuki , Kaminishi Michio 
Published: March 2009

In 2005, a Japanese epidemiological study showed that increase in plasma glucose levels is a risk factor for gastric cancer. However, no animal model has hitherto shown any association between diabetes mellitus and neoplasia in the stomach. Diabetic (db/db) mice have obese and diabetic phenotypes, including hyperglycemia, because of disruption of the leptin receptor. In the present study, effects of hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia on the development of proliferative lesions were therefore examined in db/db mice given N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU). A total of 120 mice were assigned to four groups: Group A, 40 db/db mice with MNU; Group B, 40 + /db mice with MNU; Group C, 30 misty (wild‐type) mice with MNU; Group D, 10 db/db mice without MNU. MNU was given at 60 ppm in drinking water for 20 weeks. Subgroups of animals were sacrificed at weeks 21 and 30 and blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations. The removed stomachs were fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin for histological examination and immunohistochemistry. At week 30 in Groups A, B, C and D, hyperplasia was observed in 100, 79, 57, and 0%, and dysplasia in 91, 43, 71, and 0%, respectively. Adenocarcinomas and pepsinogen‐altered pyloric glands (PAPG), putative preneoplastic lesions, were observed only in Group A, at an incidence of 45%. The serum levels of insulin and leptin were also elevated in Group A. Gastric carcinogenesis by MNU was enhanced in db/db mice, possibly in association with hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 1180–1185)
Invertebrate hydraulic preferences and predicted impacts of changes in discharge in a large river
Authors: MÉRIGOUX SYLVIE , LAMOUROUX NICOLAS , OLIVIER JEAN‐MICHEL , DOLÉDEC SYLVAIN 
Published: March 2009

Summary

Instream habitat models are attractive tools for assessing the impacts of flow restoration on aquatic organisms, but have been rarely used for invertebrates due to the lack of knowledge of their hydraulic preferences.
In this study, we provide quantitative models of the hydraulic preferences for 66 invertebrate taxa found in the Upper Rhône River (France), and combine these preferences with a statistical habitat model (FSTress) to predict the effects of minimum flow restoration on invertebrate abundances in two bypassed sections of the river.
Many taxa show marked preferences for particular hydraulic conditions. Average preferred hydraulic conditions were significantly related to those observed in smaller streams (R2 = 0.37).
Our model predicted that habitat values of 27 taxa should be enhanced by restoration operations, but also predicted a decrease of habitat values in the main channel for 12 limnophilic taxa. However, these taxa are expected to maintain populations by finding refuges in restored cut‐off channels and overall invertebrate diversity is predicted to increase in the two bypassed sections studied here.
Salamander occupancy in headwater stream networks
Authors: GRANT EVAN H. CAMPBELL , GREEN LINDA E. , LOWE WINSOR H. 
Published: March 2009

Summary1. Stream ecosystems exhibit a highly consistent dendritic geometry in which linear habitat units intersect to create a hierarchical network of connected branches.2. Ecological and life history traits of species living in streams, such as the potential for overland movement, may interact with this architecture to shape patterns of occupancy and response to disturbance. Specifically, large‐scale habitat alteration that fragments stream networks and reduces connectivity may reduce the probability a stream is occupied by sensitive species, such as stream salamanders.3. We collected habitat occupancy data on four species of stream salamanders in first‐order (i.e. headwater) streams in undeveloped and urbanised regions of the eastern U.S.A. We then used an information–theoretic approach to test alternative models of salamander occupancy based on a priori predictions of the effects of network configuration, region and salamander life history.4. Across all four species, we found that streams connected to other first‐order streams had higher occupancy than those flowing directly into larger streams and rivers. For three of the four species, occupancy was lower in the urbanised region than in the undeveloped region.5. These results demonstrate that the spatial configuration of stream networks within protected areas affects the occurrences of stream salamander species. We strongly encourage preservation of network connections between first‐order streams in conservation planning and management decisions that may affect stream species.
Spatial and temporal patterns of microcrustacean assemblage structure and secondary production in a wetland ecosystem
Authors: LEMKE A. MARIA , BENKE ARTHUR C. 
Published: March 2009

Summary1. In contrast to extensive studies of zooplankton in lakes, the role of microcrustaceans in wetlands is not well studied. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of microcrustacean assemblage structure and secondary production were quantified over a 2‐year period in a southeastern U.S.A. wetland.2. Thirty‐two species, including 19 cladocerans, 10 copepods and three ostracods, generated different temporal patterns of density and production between vegetated (Nymphaea) and non‐vegetated (open‐water) zones reflecting species‐specific differences in life histories.3. Summer assemblages were dominated by small, planktonic filter‐feeders, typified by high annual production/biomass (P/B) and daily production. In contrast, winter assemblages were dominated by larger, epibenthic detritivores with low P/B and high biomass. Seasonal shifts in the relative importance of planktonic species in the warmer months to benthic and epiphytic species in the cooler months suggest that energy flow pathways through microcrustaceans may vary seasonally.4. Total annual production was higher during both years in the Nymphaea zone (13.0 g and 13.6 g DM m−2 year−1) than the open‐water (8.2 and 6.3 g DM m−2 year−1), and was similar between years for the entire wetland pond (12.3 and 12.2 g DM m−2 year−1).5. Although wetland ecosystems have been the subject of considerable ecological research in the past 20 years, our study is one of the few to demonstrate a highly diverse and relatively productive microcrustacean assemblage. Such comprehensive production studies can be used to quantify the ecological importance of microcrustaceans in freshwater wetland ecosystems.
Scared fish get lazy, and lazy fish get fat
Authors: Johansson Frank , Andersson Jens 
Published: March 2009

Summary

Many biological textbooks present predator‐induced morphological changes in prey species as an example of an adaptive response, because the morphological change is associated with lower predation risk. Here we show that the adaptive morphological response observed in many systems may actually be an indirect effect of decreased activity – which reduces the predation risk – rather than a direct adaptive response.
One of the classical examples comes from crucian carp, where the presence of pike leads to a deeper body. We manipulated pike cues (presence and absence) and water current (standing and running water) and found that both standing water and pike cues similarly and independently induced a deeper body.
Since the presence of pike cues as well as standing water might be associated with low swimming activity, we suggest that the presence of pike causes a reduction in activity (antipredator behaviour). Reduced activity subsequently induces a deeper body, possibly because the energy saved is allocated to a higher growth rate.
Our result suggests that even if morphological change is adaptive, it might be induced indirectly via activity. This important conceptual difference may be similar in many other systems.
Changes in vertebral structure during growth of reared rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): a new approach using modelling of vertebral bone profiles
Authors: Deschamps M‐H , Girondot M , Labbé L , Sire J‐Y 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSevere bone resorption of the vertebral body in reared rainbow trout was thought to be a dysfunction in mineral balance induced by increased growth rate in unfavourable rearing conditions. To verify this assumption, we sampled market‐sized trout (c. 250 g) from 20 fish farms with different rearing conditions. Growth rate was also studied by sampling trout reared in three different water temperatures from fry to market‐size. Transverse sections of vertebrae were microradiographed, then digitized. Total bone area (Tt‐B.Ar.) and bone profiles were obtained using BONE PROFILER 3.23 software and a mathematical model was developed to statistically compare bone profiles using 12 parameters in four vertebra regions. Tt‐B.Ar. and bone profiles were found to vary with rearing conditions and growing temperatures, indicating obvious influences of these factors on bone remodelling. However, vertebral resorption was found to be a general phenomenon. In trout from 190 to 235 mm in length, vertebrae underwent important remodelling resulting in large resorption of the middle area, while the transition and peripheral areas showed an increase in bone deposition. Changes in vertebra architecture seem to be a good compromise between the need to mobilize stored minerals during growth while maintaining vertebral biomechanical properties.
Herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis virus (CyHV‐2) infection: case studies from commercial goldfish farms
Authors: Goodwin A E , Sadler J , Merry G E , Marecaux E N 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHerpesviral haematopoietic necrosis is a disease of goldfish, Carassius auratus, caused by Cyprinid herpesvirus‐2 (CyHV‐2) infection. Quantitative PCR was carried out on tissue homogenates from healthy goldfish fingerlings, broodfish, eggs and fry directly sampled from commercial farms, from moribund fish submitted to our laboratory for disease diagnosis, and on naturally‐infected CyHV‐2 carriers subjected to experimental stress treatments. Healthy fish from 14 of 18 farms were positive with copy numbers ranging from tens to 107 copies μg−1 DNA extracted from infected fish. Of 118 pools of broodfish tested, 42 were positive. The CyHV‐2 was detected in one lot of fry produced from disinfected eggs. Testing of moribund goldfish, in which we could not detect any other pathogens, produced 12 of 30 cases with 106–108 copies of CyHV‐2 μg−1 DNA extracted. Subjecting healthy CyHV‐2 carriers to cold shock (22–10 °C) but not heat, ammonia or high pH, increased viral copy numbers from mean copy number (±SE) of 7.3 ± 11 to 394 ± 55 μg−1 DNA extracted after 24 h. CyHV‐2 is widespread on commercial goldfish farms and outbreaks apparently occur when healthy carriers are subjected to a sharp temperature drop followed by holding at the permissive temperature for the disease.