bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of 3‐hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase in cultured neural cells
Authors: Murín Radovan , Schaer Andreas , Kowtharapu Bhavani S. , Verleysdonk Stephan , Hamprecht Bernd 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) – isoleucine, leucine, and valine – belong to the limited group of substances transported through the blood–brain barrier. One of the functions they are thought to have in brain is to serve as substrates for meeting parenchymal energy demands. Previous studies have shown the ubiquitous expression of a branched‐chain alpha‐keto acid dehydrogenase among neural cells. This enzyme catalyzes the initial and rate‐limiting step in the irreversible degradative pathway for the carbon skeleton of valine and the other two branched‐chain amino acids. Unlike the acyl‐CoA derivates in the irreversible part of valine catabolism, 3‐hydroxyisobutyrate could be expected to be released from cells by transport across the mitochondrial and plasma membranes. This could indeed be demonstrated for cultured astroglial cells. Therefore, to assess the ability of neural cells to make use of this valine‐derived carbon skeleton as a metabolic substrate for the generation of energy, we investigated the expression in cultured neural cells of the enzyme processing this hydroxy acid, 3‐hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBDH). To achieve this, HIBDH was purified from bovine liver to serve as antigen for the production of an antiserum. Affinity‐purified antibodies against HIBDH specifically recognized the enzyme in liver and brain homogenates. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated the ubiquitous expression of HIBDH among cultured glial (astroglial, oligodendroglial, microglial, and ependymal cells) and neuronal cells. Using an RT‐PCR technique, these findings were corroborated by the detection of HIBDH mRNA in these cells. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double‐labeling of astroglial cells with antisera against HIBDH and the mitochondrial marker pyruvate dehydrogenase localized HIBDH to mitochondria. The expression of HIBDH in neural cells demonstrates their potential to utilize valine imported into the brain for the generation of energy.
The Assessment of Juvenile Psychopathy: Strengths and Weaknesses of Currently Used Questionnaire Measures
Authors: Sharp Carla , Kine Sarah 
Published: February 2008

Background:  There has been a significant increase in the research use of questionnaire measures of juvenile psychopathy. This paper aimed to critically review these questionnaires.Method:  Empirical studies on published measures of juvenile psychopathy were reviewed with two criteria in mind: (1) adequate scale psychometrics; (2) utility value in clinical, forensic, community or primary health care settings.Results:  Despite significant strengths, the review highlights several psychometric shortcomings of currently used measures.Conclusions:  Psychometric shortcomings in questionnaire measures of juvenile psychopathy mitigate against their use in applied settings in the absence of full clinical assessments, especially where pre‐adolescent children are concerned.
Foetal Distress*
Authors: Cox L. Woodrow 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. The results are recorded of a study of 4,860 case‐records of women in labour, in which 562 patients showed one or more signs of foetal distress.2. “Transient” foetal distress (the recording of one sign on one occasion only) had a perinatal mortality of 2.0 per cent.3. Tachycardia alone showed a morbidity of 20.5 per cent, and mortality of 3.3 per cent.4. Bradycardia and meconium discharge had morbidities of 20 per cent, and mortalities of 5.4 and 3.5 per cent, respectively.5. A perinatal mortality of 4.5 per cent, in cases where delivery was not effected within 15 minutes suggests that earlier intervention might have improved the results.6. The problems of continuous monitoring of the foetal heart have been discussed, together with a method of monitoring by direct foetal electrocardiography.
The Role of the Adrenal Cortex in the Stein‐Leventhal Syndrome*
Authors: Shearman Rodney P. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryEvidence suggesting that the adrenal cortex is involved in the Stein‐Leventhal syndrome is examined. These patients show abnormalities on fractionation of total 17‐ketosteroids and pregnanetriolone has been detected in the urine of 16 consecutive cases.As this steroid has been previously detected only in patients with gross adrenal dysfunction it is felt that this provides additional support for the thesis that the adrenal cortex plays a role in the Stein‐Leventhal syndrome.
Induction of Labour in Rh‐Immunized Patients*
Authors: Townsend Lance 
Published: February 2008

Summary

Selective induction of labour was carried out in 241 Rh‐immunized patients. The past obstetrical history, the indirect antiglobulin titre, and the colour of the liquor amnii were all considered before the time of induction was determined.
In pregnancies in which antibodies first appear and in any pregnancy subsequent to one in which the baby was only mildly affected by erythroblastosis (Group I), the indirect antiglobulin titre was used as the chief indication, and the colour of the liquor as a secondary indication, of when to induce labour. Labour was usually induced between 40 and 35 weeks. In 183 patients in this category with Rh positive babies there was a peri‐natal mortality of 8 per cent.
In cases where a previous pregnancy had resulted in a baby requiring an exchange transfusion (Group II), the colour of the liquor was used as the chief indication of when to induce labour. In general, labour was induced between 37 and 35 weeks. In 64 pregnancies in this category with Rh positive babies there was a peri‐natal mortality of 17 per cent.
In cases where a previous pregnancy had resulted in a baby dying from erythroblastosis (Group III), induction of labour should be carried out a week before the stage at which the previous foetal death occurred (providing the pregnancy has passed the 33rd week), or according to the colour of the liquor or the strength of the foetal movements. In this group labour was usually induced between 37 and 34 weeks, and in 46 pregnancies where the baby was Rh positive there was a perinatal mortality of 54 per cent. It is obvious that many factors must be considered before the time of induction is finalized. Each patient must be considered individually and such complications as preeclampsia and hydramnios may further alter the time of induction.
Surgical induction of labour, with the use of intravenous oxytocic agents where necessary, is an effective method of initiating labour. Such a regime was used in 233 patients with a 2 per cent failure rate.
The Rh status of the foetus was forecast after a consideration of the genotype of the father, the past obstetrical history and a study of the liquor amnii.
Body Weight, Diet and Pre‐eclamptic Toxaemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Hankin M. E. , Symonds E. M. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A study of the diet, weight gain and incidence of pre‐eclamptic toxaemia has been carried out on a group of primigravidae and secundigravidae.
The incidence of pre‐eclamptic toxaemia was significantly higher in primigravidae.
No relationship could be established between dietary intake and the development of pre‐eclamptic toxaemia of pregnancy. The value of diets with a high protein content in preventing toxaemia could not be demonstrated.
The mean initial weight was significantly higher in patients developing preeclamptic toxaemia. However, no significant relationship was found in those women who were overweight for their height and age (two standard deviations).
Weight gain could not be related to caloric intake in either the 20 to 30 week period or the 30 to 40 week period.
Weight gain in the 20 to 30 week period showed a positive regression to the incidence of pre‐eclamptic toxaemia, but no significant trend could be demonstrated in the 30 to 40 week period.
The Value of Iron Supplementation During Pregnancy
Authors: Hankin M. E. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Haemoglobin and haematocrit values of 174 healthy primigravidae and secundigravidae on adequate diets were studied.
Haemoglobin and haematocrit levels were unrelated to dietary iron intake.
There was no significant difference in haemoglobin and haematocrit values of primigravidae and secundigravidae.
None of the women developed anaemia (haemoglobin below 10 gm./100 ml.)
The value of iron supplementation on maternal haemoglobin and haematocrit values could not be demonstrated, although the iron supplemented group had significantly higher haemoglobin values in the third trimester and on the fifth day after delivery than the unsupplemented group. This was no longer apparent six weeks and three months after delivery.
Maternal iron supplementation had no effect on the cord haemoglobin levels and those of the offspring six weeks, three months, and six months post‐natally.
A Case Exemplifying Sampson's Theory of the Aetiology of Endometriosis
Authors: Mathew A. G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Reference has been made to the theories of origin of endometriosis.Details have been given of a young patient suffering from severe dysmenorrhoea due to haematometra in the rudimentary left horn of a bicornuate uterus with associated endometriosis of the corresponding tube and ovary. Complete relief of symptoms followed the surgical removal of these structures.Reference has been made to the relationship that this case bears to the aetiology of endometriosis, providing further evidence for Sampson's theory.
Chromosomes in Gynaecological Malignant Tumours
Authors: Wakonig‐Vaartaja Resa 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Chromosome studies of biopsies from 15 patients with carcinomata of the cervix, 5 patients with carcinomata of the corpus uteri and 16 patients with non‐malignant endometria are reported.In the carcinomata of the cervix, the chromosome counts were distributed over a wide range, and were different in each tumour. In contrast, the chromosome counts of the carcinomata of the corpus uteri showed a much smaller range and were nearer to 46.Karyotypes were prepared from several tumours, the majority showing random numerical variations and structural abnormalities.The incidence of polyploid cells was also recorded, and showed a marked increase in the carcinomata of the cervix compared with the carcinomata of the corpus uteri and non‐malignant endometria.No connection was apparent between the chromosome pattern and the histology of each tumour.
T‐tube Suction Drainage and Radical Pelvic Surgery
Authors: Kneale Barry , Anderson Bruce 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

An analysis of 52 consecutive patients with uterine cancer treated by Wertheim hysterectomy from 1957 to 1960 is presented.
A method of post‐operative drainage utilizing suction applied to an indwelling T‐tube passing through the vaginal vault is described.
There was no operative mortality and the operative fistula rate was less than 2%.
Two lymphocysts were observed, but both disappeared spontaneously.
The convalescent period was generally improved.
The results accord with the authors' theory that accumulated blood in the pelvic cavity after radical surgery leads to infection and obstruction of both urinary and lymphatic channels.
The Relationship of Liquor Volume and Placental Insufficiency
Authors: Elliott Peter 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The volumes of liquor amnii have been studied in 131 patients from the thirty‐seventh week onward.In this series 39 patients had normal pregnancies, 35 suffered from pre‐eclampsia, 35 suffered from hypertension and 2 failed to gain weight normally.The mechanism of the production of liquor amnii has been discussed and this has been related to the placental function.
The Plasminogen‐PIasmin Content of Umbilical Cord Blood
Authors: Cope Ian , Mitchell Paul 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The plasminogen contents of the blood of the umbilical vessels and of the maternal peripheral vein were determined. The plasminogen content of the umbilical artery blood varied from 0.2 to 10.1 caseinolytic units per ml. of serum and that of the umbilical vein blood from 2.7 to 9.8 caseinolytic units per ml. of serum. In the maternal peripheral vein, the plasminogen content varied from 7.5 to 15.6 caseinolytic units per ml. of serum.The average fibrinogen content in the umbilical vein was 298 mg. per 100 ml. of plasma and in maternal peripheral plasma it was 487 mg. per 100 ml.In this series, where greater spontaneous activity was detected in the umbilical artery than in the umbilical vein, the plasminogen content of the umbilical artery was correspondingly lower than that of the umbilical vein. It is postulated that this is because of increased utilization of plasminogen.Since in many cases there was no difference in spontaneous ‐plasmin activity and plasminogen content in arterial and venous cord bloods, it is considered also that in the cases where there was increased plasmin activity and decreased plasminogen content a recent intervillous thrombosis had occurred.
The Short Primigravida
Authors: Glenning P. P. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:1. A series of 100 patients less than 152 cm. (5 feet) tall was analysed with regard to their pelvic measurements, nationality and performance in labour.2. There was a high incidence of contracted pelvis in this group and the contraction occurred predominantly in patients of South European descent.3. The incidence of Caesarean section in the patients with normal pelvic measurements was twice that of the overall hospital average.4. A high incidence of Caesarean section and mid forceps operation occurred, particularly in the Italian patients.
Uterine Activity Following the Birth of the First Twin
Authors: Wood Carl , Pinkerton John H. M. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Uterine activity was recorded in 3 patients before and after the delivery of the first twin in order to study the effect of a sudden and large alteration of uterine volume upon uterine function. Uterine activity continued immediately after delivery of the first twin, this result being similar to comparable experiments carried out upon rabbit uteri. Alteration in the quality and quantity of uterine activity also occurred and the variation in these responses in the 3 patients probably was dependent upon the mechanical and physiological factors discussed.
Repeat Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Giles P. F. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The 161 repeat elective Caesarean sections performed on booked public patients at the Royal Women's Hospital Melbourne, in 1962 and 1963 are reviewed.There were no maternal deaths.The weights of babies, their resuscitation times and the perinatal mortality (37 per 1000) are described.Obstetrical abnormalities of patients having repeat elective Caesarean section, the indication for the operation and when it was performed, as well as difficulties encountered at operation, are discussed.The abnormal Caesarean scars, the indications for tubal ligation, and the postoperative complications are reviewed.Comments are made on attendance at the postnatal clinic, on fertility after Caesarean section, and on the influence of racial origin.
Retained Abdominal Pregnancy
Authors: Nairn Ahmed , Fahmy Kamal , El‐Tannir Ali D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Two cases of retained abdominal pregnancy are presented. The incidence, pathological changes, diagnosis and management of such cases are discussed, and the ease with which such retained foetuses can be removed from the abdomen is emphasized. The foetus was retained for more than 2 years in one patient and for 4 years in the other. In each case, lithopedion formation occurred.
Disgerminoma Presenting in the Puerperium with Torsion of its Pedicle
Authors: Lind T. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A case report is presented where the patient's puerperium was complicated by torsion of a disgerminoma of the ovary. The histological appearance of the tumour is described and its apparent lack of hormone influence is emphasised by the appearance of maturing Graafian follicles in the affected ovary and its association with pregnancy. Five weeks after operation the patient became pregnant again, but miscarried at 12 weeks.
Cervical Cone Biopsy with Octapressin
Authors: Green G. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A series of 200 consecutive cone biopsies performed between April, 1963 and June, 1965 is presented.
A correlation between the Papanicolaou rating of the cervical cytology for which the cone was performed and the subsequent histology was demonstrated, but this could not be relied upon in the individual case.
Seven patients had conization during pregnancy; abortion occurring in one of these was the only complication. There was a similarly low incidence of complications in 15 pregnancies occurring after cone biopsy.
Octapressin (Sandoz) was found to be a very satisfactory local haemostatic agent for cervical conization (167 cases) and generally much superior to adrenaline (33 cases).
The Process of Cervical Regeneration After Electrocauterization:Part 1. Histological and Colposcopic Study
Authors: Reid Bevan L. , Singer Albert , Coppleson Malcolm 
Published: February 2008

summaryA combined colposcopic and histological study was made of the early phase of the healing of therapeutic electrocautery burns to the cervix.Studies at days 2–3 after burning showed that there were no surviving cells down to a depth of 5 mm.At days 3–4 nerve axones and mononuclear cells appeared in the necrotic scaffold.At days 7–10 the appearances suggested that mononuclear cells commenced to differentiate into cells of the following morphological types: squamous cells producing a stratified squamous epithelium, columnar cells producing a mucin‐secreting epithelium, fibroblasts producing collagen, and plasma cells.The contribution of the marginal healthy squamous epithelium to the re‐epithelialising process was identifiable in the period studied and consisted of a very small peripheral margin.The early appearance of ribonucleoprotein‐loaded axones and their intimate association with the mononuclear cells is discussed.
A Clinico‐Pathological Study of 2,000 Necropsies
Authors: Attwood H. D. , Stewart A. D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe necropsy findings on 2,000 infants dying in the serinatal period and examined in the pathology department of the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, are described.The over‐all findings are similar to those of Butler and Bonham (1963) in the Perinatal Mortality Survey in Britain.In the study of such perinatal deaths it is essential that a careful anatomical dissection be carried out and the need for bacteriological and virological study is emphasised. The lungs in particular must always be examined histologically, but a full histological survey is also desirable since this will bring to light many unsuspected features. Iso‐immunisation and premature labour appear fertile fields for the improvement of perinated wastage figures.
Cardiovascular Disease Contributing to Maternal Mortality in Victoria*
Authors: Walters W. A. W. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA total of 392 maternal deaths were registered in the State of Victoria during the 14‐year period, 1953 to 1967. One hundred and four of these deaths (26.5%) were primarily due to cardiovascular disease of three main types, viz., pulmonary thromboembolism (44%), heart disease (33%) and vascular accidents (23%).Increasing age appeared to be an important aetiological factor in maternal deaths due to pulmonary embolism and vascular accidents, but did not appear to be significant as far as heart disease was concerned. High parity was a feature in the patients dying of vascular accidents but was not evident in the other two categories.By far the most impressive finding in this study was the high incidence of deaths from cardiovascular disease in the puer‐perium. The majority of deaths in each of the 3 main cardiovascular groups occurred after parturition.Post mortem examinations were performed in 54% of patients in whom a diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism was made, but were performed more often in patients with a diagnosis of cardiac disease or vascular accidents, i.e., in 74% and 71%, respectively.The incidence of operative delivery was high in all groups.In most cases in which avoidable factors were thought to have been present, the doctor was deemed responsible.Possible aetiolpgical factors pertaining to each group of cardiovascular diseases in relation to pregnancy have been discussed and as a result of this survey attention has been drawn to the need for further research in certain areas.
Intrauterine Fetal Transfusion—Analysis of the Experience at the Yale‐New Haven Medical Center, 1965–1968*
Authors: Wade Maclyn E. , Ogden John A. , Davis Clarence D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryOne hundred and thirteen intrauterine fetal transfusions were performed in 52 patients. The results are compared to those of the Cooperative Study of 15 American institutions.Fifty‐one percent. of the babies in the present series were born alive, but only 34.6% survived the perinatal period.The most consistent and least traumatic results were obtained by direct transfusion through a fluoroscopically‐positioned needle. Other methods are discussed.Analysis of the results in our series demonstrated a direct relationship between fetal gestational age, ascites, and the rate of survival. Fetuses who had ascites at the time of the initial transfusion were found to have a minimal chance of survival. In contrast to the results of the Cooperative Study, a fetus of less than 24 weeks gestation, without evidence of ascites, was found to have a rate of survival that justified early transfusion in experienced hands.
Hormonal Activity of “Non‐ Functional” Ovarian Tumours
Authors: Bhargava Vijaya L. , Beischer N. A. , Brown J. B. , Townsend L. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryHormonal assessment by urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol estimation, endometrial histology, and vaginal cytology was performed in 9 postmenopausal and 7 premenopausal patients with “non‐functional ovarian tumours. The variations recorded in hormone excretion and vaginal cytology after surgical removal of the tumours are presented. Raised urinary oestrogen excretion was found in 4 of the 9 postmenopausal patients and this fell to normal values after operation in the 3 who were operable. The tumours associated with increased oestrogen excretion were mucinous cystadenomata (2) and adenocarcinomata (2). It was apparent that an oestrogen‐secreting tumour cannot be excluded by vaginal cytology when the smear on presentation is non‐oestrogenic and also that endometrial histology may be equally misleading.
Rhesus Immunization Before Delivery of the First Baby
Authors: Aickin D. R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe histories of 887 rhesus D immunized patients are reviewed. Forty‐six patients (5.2%) were already immunized by the time of delivery of the first baby. Nine (1%) were probably immunized by an abortion, 17 (1.9%) appeared to become immunized during pregnancy, and 20 (2.2%) were immunized by an incompatible blood transfusion prior to pregnancy.The implications of these findings with regard to timing of anti‐D gamma globulin injections is discussed.
Cephalhaematoma
Authors: Tan K. L. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA study of babies with cephalhaematoma of moderate or large size (more than 7 cm. in diameter) was conducted over a 12‐month period in the Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore. There were 74 infants with such a complication among the 36,427 who were born alive during this period, giving an incidence of 2.03 per thousand. Primiparity, assisted delivery and high birth weight were associated with a higher incidence of the condition. Significant degrees of anaemia and jaundice were only rarely present. Resolution was usually complete by the end of 4 weeks, beyond which if resolution was not complete, calcification usually occurred.