bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL NA VAL ARCHITECTURE AT THE U.S. NAVAL ACADEMY
Authors: COMPTON ROGER H. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the background of the Naval Academy curriculum leading up to the educational program now provided; describe; the experimental naval architecture curriculum now available to the Midshipman; provides the goals established for experimental naval architecture; gives an account of the updating, reconfiguring, and recommissioning of the facilities in Rickover Hall that now support experimental naval architecture; and concludes with information regarding the future plans for new tests.
OVER—THE—HORIZON (OTH) TARGETING
Authors: RIMER JOHN PATTON 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTargeting is a major branch of the art and science of naval warfare. Space, air, surface, submerged, and fixed sensors may be used. Each has various advantages and disadvantages. The environment Impacts all sensors. Rules of engagement vary widely, and those prescribed for a particular situation have a profound effect on what are technically acceptable ways of targeting. There is no single way to target, but a variety of ways. Targeting surface ships beyond the visible horizon from the firing ship is discussed. Environmental factors and characteristics of various assets are reviewed, with special attention to environmental impact on radar performance. Search, approach, and attack phases are discussed, and some suggestions and questions for Operator, Acquisition Manager, and Development Planner are given.
NUCLEAR BIOLOGICAL CHEMICAL (NBC) WARFARE PROTECTION IN THE GERMAN NAVY
Authors: HAUPT EYLERT 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTA conceivable alternative for nuclear warfare at tea might be the use of biological and chemical agents. The paper discusses the increasing threat and a means developed in the Federal German Navy for possibly countering the threat known as the DSK Protection System which combines the decontaminated air system and the air—conditioning system into a single unit. The system is briefly and pictorially described and its cost effectiveness indicated.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION ANAL YSIS FOR SHIPBOARD ANTENNA SYSTEMS
Authors: ROCKWAY J.W. , DU BRUL DOUGLAS W. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTDiscussion covers the use of brass scale ship modeling and numerical modeling as Instruments for predicting the performance potential of shipboard antennas operating in the 2 to 30 Megahertz Band. Present—day capabilities and limitations of each are reviewed, and the results of a recent comparison study are presented in which both methodologies were applied to the same ship design analysis problem.
SOME APPLICATIONS OF EXTREME—VALUE AND NON—PARAMETRIC STATISTICS TO NAVAL ENGINEERING
Authors: CAMPBELL LEWIS M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTMany opportunities exist for the application of Extreme—Value and Non—Parametric Statistics in Naval Engineering. A brief introduction to each is given, and examples of the applications of these methods to the measurement of ballistic dispersion and also to Industrial quality control are presented. The discovery that the probability distribution of the Extreme Spread in exterior ballistic dispersion is of the Gumbel Type II, or Logarithmic Extreme—Value Type, Is reported. A graph is presented to facilitate the determination of the sample size required for a desired measurement confidence at a single tolerance limit, and a TABLE is given for specific application to ballistic dispersion measurements. Some examples from practice are cited to support the use of the TABLE.
SHIP ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DEGRADATION
Authors: GARTLEY CLYDE E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper emphasizes the necessity for the various technical disciplines within the Naval Shipbuilding Community to appreciate, or at least be aware of, how the non–Electronic Community's decisions influence the performance of electronic systems. Many times during the design process the superstructure requires changes to accommodate new mechanical or structural requirements. Sometimes a modest structural change can cause, directly or indirectly, degradation to an electronic system which, in turn, can interfere with other electronic systems.This paper reviews some of the “who–would–of–thought–it” items that contribute to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and system degradation on Navy ships.
METRIC NAVIGATION ‐ A CONCEPT AHEAD OF ITS TIME?
Authors: FRASIER E. LEWIS 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe closely coordinated Base—10 Navigation proposals set forth by the Anther in this paper are based upon the original definition of the meter—length; a definition which should have made Metric Navigation a logic evolution, but did not. Thus, the reader must decide for himself: b Metric Navigation a concept ahead of its time? Or – Is it a concept whose time should have come long ago?
NAVAL SHIP ACCESS DESIGN
Authors: HOPE JAN PAUL , CARLSON CRAIG M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe paper begins with a description of access design as a key element in effectiveness of the naval ship. The process of integrating access requirements with competitive subsystem requirements is then discussed. Next follows a discussion of the design methodologies used in each aspect of shipboard access which includes analysis and evaluation of the network of passages, vertical accesses, and access openings with regard to personnel flow, equipment removal, stores “strike—down,” emergency egress, and unique requirements for specific ship types.In addition to discussing existing methodologies, the paper concludes with a summary of potential areas of further improvement in access design.
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING IN A NAVAL SHIPYARD
Authors: WOODRUFF R. BRUCE 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the paper is primarily informative in nature as it describes in detail the functions of the Production Engineering Division at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard in the repair and overhaul of all classes of ships afloat, Including nuclear and gas turbine propelled ships.The Production Division, the “engineering arm” of the Production Officer, provides engineering support to the Product Shops, primarily in three areas: 1) Methods and Processes, 2) Plant Equipment for the shops, 3) large facilities for waterfront support; all to improve productivity. Some of the current projects are: a) one for easier replacement of ship propellers, rudders, and shafts in drydocks, b) one to design and build tower staging modules for an SSN in drydock to reduce staging time to 1 day, and c) one to obtain a device to clean the hull of a TRIDENT submarine.
GENERALIZED SUMMARY OF THE STATE—OF—THE—ART OF UNDERWATER WELDING
Authors: BURNER WALLACE K. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe principle aims of this paper are: a) to generate additional interest within the Naval Engineering profession regarding the benefits and general potential of Underwater Welding, b) to eliminate somewhat the aura of mystery that seems to surround Underwater Welding, and c) to cite some of the private industry potential for assisting the Naval Engineering profession in this increasingly important field. The contents of the paper are primarily intended for the benefit of Naval Engineering personnel having an interest and concern in Underwater Welding and its potential.
HUB SIZE SELECTION CRITERIA FOR CONTROLLABLE PITCH PROPELLERS AS A MEANS TO ENSURE SYSTEMS INTREGRITY
Authors: WIND JAAP 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn a CP propeller the size of the hub largely influences the reliability of the system in operation. Accurate choice of the hub—size provides the best means to prevent the system from structural propeller failures and is therefore the best method to ensure reliability and optimized performance.Recent failures of high—power CP propellers, of which one Navy propeller had a serious mission failure, could have been avoided if a larger hub had been adopted.The paper contains two tools, available also to nonspecialists. One allows clear recognition of the technical degree of difficulty of all types of propellers and the other is a scale to determine the degree of load of each CP propeller hub. Information is given concerning the influence of the hub/diameter ratio on the hydrodynamic performance.
DEFECTIVE GFI IN SHIP ACQUISITION
Authors: MAURELLI JOSEPH 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTGovernment Furnished Information (GFI) is the data the Navy contractually agrees to provide to the shipbuilder. Much of this data is to support the Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) being provided during the contract. All too often, a significant portion of this data is late or not representative of the equipment provided, which is a problem that has plagued the Navy for years and is alleged to be a major contributor in vast shipbuilding claims. This paper will trace some of the problems associated with GFI; will show some of the methods used to correct the problem in the past, with results achieved; and will show the approach in use for DDG 47 Class ships. The methods of specifying GFI in the contract and the rigors of identification, verification, and delivery of GFI will be discussed with emphasis being placed upon a structured approach to alleviate, or at least to minimize, the downstream problems of GFI inherent in most complex shipbuilding programs. Also, the interplay with Design Budgeting as an acquisition strategy will be explored.
DETERMINATION OF SHIPPBOARD REPAIR PARTS LEVEL
Authors: JUDGE SAMUEL D. , LUETJEN PALMER 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a method for evaluating a ship Coordinated Shipboard Allowance List (COSAL) with respect to ship reliability. It analyzes current supply support policy and shows that a change is needed to permit ship top level reliability requirements to be met. The methodology presented can be used for inventory level—reliability “trade‐off” analysis, and it can be applied now at minimal cost using NAVSEC'S TIGER Simulation Computer Program.TIGER would take the spares suite selected by Fleet Logistic Support Improvement Program (FLSIP) and evaluate the Reliability and Availability (R&A) of the ship against the project timeline.If the R&A parameters are unsatisfactory, the TIGER output list of critical equipments is examined for the possibility of adding spares. Iterative TIGER runs are made until a satisfactory spares suite is determined.This methodology identifies areas where additional spares are required and also those where onboard spares can be reduced.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE NAVY MARK 14 UNDER WATER BREATHING APPARATUS
Authors: BENTZ RAYMOND L. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Navy is developing the MARK 14 Underwater Breathing Apparatus, a new diver's breathing system, that will conserve helium; provide a saturation diver the capability for heavy work; and offer the diver a simple and reliable piece of equipment. Some of the design philosophy, historical development, and major problems overcome in the development are presented. Development testing has demonstrated the MARK 14 to be a reliable and practical system for saturation diving.
METHODS IMPROVEMENT — CORNERSTONE FOR FUTURE SHIPYARD PRODUCTIVITY GAINS
Authors: WOODRUFF R. BRUCE 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe ship overhaul and repair business in the United States today has changed very little in most of this nation's shipyards, both public and private. This paper is devoted to U.S. Naval Shipyards. It addresses the real probabilities that, while many management techniques in recent years have helped to lower costs, unproved methods and modernized processes could greatly assist in this effort. The role of Industrial Engineers and Production Engineers is addressed in regard to past and future roles as they relate to methods improvement. The need for a NAVSEA program to modernize is addressed. Some specific examples of methods improvement are given including a Numerically Controlled Pipe and Tube Bender, an Automatic Tool Control System, Portable Boring Bars for valves, a Hydroblast Unit to clean the insides of shipboard firemain systems, and a Numerically Controlled easily programmable, Gildemeister Turning Machine.
TEST AND EVALUATION IN THE 1980s — A WISH LIST
Authors: REYNOLDS MATTHEW T. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn 1970, the Department of Defense issued new policies that revolutionized the management of weapons acquisition programs. As an integral part of the changes that ensued, the function of Test and Evaluation (T&E) came to play a critical role in the weapons acquisition process. T&E results have become a key determinant in the process of program approvals. The Navy had a very difficult challenge to meet in establishing its own policies and procedures to meet the intent of these “try before buy” requirements. It was five yean before the first programs fully structured according to these requirements achieved initial operational capability. It has been, therefore, only within the last three years that our experience base has provided sufficient feedback to allow us to refine our procedures. One lesson learned has been very clear — the new T&E policies have a significant impact on every facet of naval engineering.It is appropriate at this time to assess the results of the new T&E policies and the effectiveness of our practices in implementing them. As could be expected, such a revolutionary change in the way we did business introduced its own inherent problems. This paper traces the T&E policies from the role it played in weapons acquisitions during the 1960s to that of the 1970s. Experience gained to date is used to identify several prime areas where improvements are needed. A “Wish List” of four candidates is presented which, in the view of the Author, offer the most potential for effecting these improvements and maximizing the value of the substantial resources being spent on T&E.
MK 92 FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: RYAN FLOYD N. , BERLIN JACK 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe MK 92 Fire Control System (FCS) & a new, integrated, highly reliable and light‐weight U.S. Navy Fire Control System for missile and gun control. This system, which is in production for the FFG, PCG, PGG and PHM Ship Classes, provides the detection and automation required for modern naval warfare. Search radar data & presented at a very high rate at the operator's console, a highly integrated man‐machine interface. Utilization of monopulse and “track‐while‐scan” techniques result in multiple target tracking capability.The system console(s) offer a self‐contained command and control capability and, in addition, standard digital computer channels provide the versatile interface with the ship's command and control, integrating the complete engagement process. Error cancellation techniques are employed to obtain high performance accuracy even under severe environmental conditions. The low manning requirement for both operation and maintenance is a key system attribute for all applications.Comprehensive “at‐sea” evaluations, performed by the U.S. Navy, demonstrated successful system operation in all modes of surveillance, multi‐target tracking and simultaneous missile and gun engagements.The “at‐sea” performance record of the FCS MK 92 was cited by the Chief of Naval Operations to have established new standards for Naval Surface Weapons Systems.
THE MAESTRALE
Authors: KEHOE J.W. , BROWER KENNETH S. , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis is the first in a series of reports to be published that will present SHIP CHARACTERISTICS for various type ships scheduled for introduction, now or in the future, into the Fleets of Navies throughout the world. In the first report is a discussion of the major design concepts and basic characteristics of the MAESTRALE Class, a new Frigate type designed for the Italian Navy.
MANAGING THE SHIPYARD PROCESS — KEY TO SUCCESS
Authors: KAUNE JAMES E. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThere is a basic management plan which controls the Naval Shipyard repair and modernization process. Goals, milestones, policies, and ancillary support can be properly orientated by correctly defining this system. The entire process can and must be optimized, but maximizing any particular part without regarding the total will lead to trouble. In the course of optimization, changes and modifications must be made to present ongoing operations. These required changes will remain hidden and obscured in tradition and emotionalism if not measured against goals. This paper suggests a method of developing a successful process and discusses management methods to assure its success after its development.
MAINTENANCE COSTS OF COMPLEX EQUIPMENT
Authors: SHERMAN ALLAN , HOROWITZ STANLEY A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe increasing complexity of shipboard equipment is often cited as a cause of maintenance problems and poor material readiness. This paper focuses on the extent to which alternative personnel assignment policies might alleviate these difficulties. Regression analysis is applied to 91 Cruiser/Destroyer type ships. Their material condition, as measured by Mission Degrading (CASREP) Downtime, is examined as a function of the type of equipment on‐board and the characteristics of maintenance personnel responsible for the equipment. The analysis is performed for men in each of six ratings. It is found that more complex equipment suffers far more downtime than less complex equipment. It is also found that higher quality personnel are often better at keeping complex equipment in good material condition. Quantitative estimates of the payoff to reassigning high‐quality personnel to ships with complex equipment are derived.
U.S. SHIPBUILDING: THE SEVENTIES IN RETROSPECT —THE PROSPECTS FOR THE EIGHTIES
Authors: FISHER JAMES R. , COADY PHILIP 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the recent turbulent history of the U.S. Shipbuilding Industry, its present status, and its prospects for the decade ahead. The Authors suggest that current maritime policy and the trend of market forces jeopardize a vital national security asset.
COMPARATIVE NAVAL ARCHITECTURE ANALYSIS OF NA TO AND SOVIET FRIGA TES —PART I
Authors: KEHOE JAMES W. , GRAHAM CLARK , BROWER KENNETH S. , MEIER HERBERT A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper is a report of a comparative naval architecture analysis of United States, Canadian, French, Netherlands, German, British, and Soviet Frigates. The investigation covered general arrangements, weapons and sensors, survivability, intact and damaged stability, manning and personnel support (all of which me discussed in PART I), and hull form, propulsion, speed range, sea keeping, ship size, and future growth capability (to be published in PART II). Weapons and sensors were only addressed in terms of their impact on the weight and volume of the ship. The actual military effectiveness of each Frigate was not assessed.
EMPASS—A MEANS FOR ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF SHIPBOARD ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEMS
Authors: COPLEY JOHN A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTCurrently the Fleet lacks a quantitative description of their electromagnetic (EM) capabilities and vulnerabilities. A ship's mission can be seriously degraded because of unsatisfactory performance of EM system due to various factors found in the operational environment. In addition, a ship can become vulnerable to a potential enemy by inadequate Emission Control (EMCON) of EM energy. The EMPASS measurement platform is capable of collecting and analyzing three‐dimensional emission data in the operational environment.The word EMPASS is the acronym for ElectroMagnetic Performance of Aircraft and Ship Systems. EMPASS consists of a calibrated, specially equipped, measurement platform situated on an EP‐3A aircraft with complementary ground based data reduction and analysis facilities. The products of the EMPASS Program are the effectiveness evaluation of operational EM system, development of the criteria for the mat effective tactical use of EM systems, and the providing of the capability to conduct RDT&E in the operational EM environment.This paper presents a description of the EMPASS capabilities and the results of measurements of some representative EM system used in the Fleet.
THE MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE SHIP MAINTENANCE
Authors: WOODRUFF R. BRUCE 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the paper is to address the current dilemma facing the Surface Ship Navy as it approaches the twenty‐first century. The basic underlying thesis is that the Maintenance Community has lost sight of the goal it must have: to support the Commanding Officer of a ship to get his ship from point A to point B with its weapons system ready. To do this, three basic things must occur: 1) the ship must be capable of getting underway and steaming (i.e., turn the screw); 2) the ship must have its weapons systems working and “up” in all respects (i.e., fight the ship); and 3) the Crew must be prepared (i.e., have sufficient training).It Is submitted that we have lost sight of this fact. There remains an inordinate amount of concern over appearance (external and internal), habitability, plaques, inspections, and various human factors programs, and funds may be spent in there areas when the main machinery plant and missile systems are “down.” A recent example is the effort to remove every speck of wood from all Navy ships including picture frames.Training is addressed also as the third key element missing, particularly in the main machinery spaces.A brief examination is made of the ship cycle as it gas into the maintenance mode, i.e., delivery plus one to two years. A comparison is made with the basic Submarine Force approach to this problem and when the Surface Community may take a page out of the Submarine Force book. An addressed are: 1) Current Ship's Maintenance Project (CSMP); 2) Planned Maintenance System (PMS); 3) Pre‐Overhaul Test and Inspection (POT&I); 4) Long lead time SHIPALT material, 5) Intermediate Maintenance Activity (IMA) role (Tenders and SIMAS); and 6) Shipyard role and facilities.
USING COMMERCIAL TANKERS AND CONTAINERSHIPS FOR NAVY UNDERWAY REPLENISHMENT
Authors: ROBINSON Ms. KATHY I. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe Navy has been looking at alternatives to building additional support ships. Navy designed ships are very capable and very expensive. Commercial design ships could save considerable amounts of money, but the operational differences must be taken into account.“Substituting Merchant Ships for Naval Vessels (SubMer)” was a study conducted by the Center of Analyses at the Navy's request. It considered the attractiveness of using commercial ships for Navy support missions. Two of the four analyses are reported in this paper. One examined the use of Tankers for the underway replenishment of POL. The other analyzed the use of Containerships for the underway replenishment of Ordnance.The Tanker and Containership are not usable “as is” for Navy purposes. They lack rigs for transferring cargo while underway, the sophisticated Navy Navigation and Communication System, a large enough crew to transfer the cargo underway, special cargo pumping or handling equipment, and the electrical power for such equipment. The study considered adding this additional equipment to duplicate the capabilities of the Navy ship, but no major structural changes or new ship designs were allowed as there might affect the ship's commercial use or add considerably to the cost.The modified commercial ships could be used in two different roles. They could be used for “wartime augmentation” of existing Navy forces when emergency needs arise. Or the modified commercial ships could be used as full “peacetime substitutions” for additional Navy support ships.The study concluded that there were deficiencies in the commercial ships which could not be overcome within the guidelines of the study. The modified Tanker had less speed and lower cargo transfer times than the Navy Oilers (AOs), and the modified Containership had severe safety and cargo transfer problems compared with the Navy Ammunition Ships (AEs). However, there commercial ship also represented savings of at least 23 percent in 30‐year procurement and operating expenses (dollars are discounted at 10% over M years). The study did not attempt to weigh the deficiencies against the savings.