bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous temperature changes in the 2-vessel occlusion model of cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Clark Darren L. , DeButte-Smith Maxine , Colbourne Frederick 
Published: December 2007

Transient global ischemia (ISC) in rats and humans causes selective and delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 sector. It is clear from rodent studies that hyperthermia aggravates, whereas hypothermia lessens, this injury. In this study we sought to relate core (Tc) and brain (Tb) temperature, measured via telemetry probes, after ISC produced in rats by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion combined with systemic hypotension (2-VO model). We also tested whether spontaneous postischemic temperature fluctuations occurred and whether they were related to cell death as previous studies indicate. We report that Tc and Tb readings are similar and are highly correlated before and after 10 min of 2-VO ISC. In the second experiment, rats were subjected to 8, 9, or 10 min of 2-VO ISC. Despite a range in CA1 injury among these animals, there was no evidence of post-ISC hyperthermia, contrary to earlier work, and neither temperature nor the physiological variables measured during ISC (e.g., glucose) predicted injury. Our findings suggest that, under the present conditions, 2-VO rats do not experience postoperative hyperthermia, which can be adequately measured with Tc telemetry probes.
The effects of agricultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Jansa Jan , Wiemken Andres , Frossard Emmanuel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic associations with the majority of land plants, including many important agricultural crops. These fungi facilitate plant nutrient uptake, promote soil aggregation and use a significant portion of reduced carbon from the plants. AMF functional traits differ considerably among and within species, meaning that functional properties of a mycorrhizal community depend on its composition. Here we review studies exploring the effects of agricultural practices such as tillage, crop rotation, fertilization, pesticide application, irrigation and grazing on AMF communities. Although it is difficult to generalize the results of studies performed under different soil and climatic conditions, some universal patterns emerge. For example, soil tillage reduces the abundance of
Scutellospora
spp.; phosphorus fertilization lowers the extent of AMF root colonization; and diversification of crops results in more diverse AMF communities. We now need to design simple and reliable field tests for quantifying the effects of AMF communities on crop growth, yields and sustainability of the agro-ecosystems.
Perspectives on the relationship between soil science and geology
Authors: Ugolini F. C. , Warkentin B. P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSoil science came into its own only in the 20th century. Before this, the study of soils was dominated by geologists, agronomists and chemists. It was Dokuchaev in 1886, who recognized soil as a physical entity with properties acquired from the impact of soil-forming factors, among which the geological substrate was only one. This vision resulted in the establishment of a new discipline, called pedology. With time, geologists began to appreciate soil in a pedological context. In fact, palaeosols in particular have been utilized to interpret the stratigraphy of metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and Quaternary deposits. Also, palaeosols have been used for correlating unconsolidated sediments, faults and neotectonics, or for the relative dating of deposits or surfaces. Weathering is a field where soil chemists have interacted with geochemists to evaluate chemical denudation and landscape evolution. Geological engineering in terms of water storage, pollutant transport, and critical load, in addition to location, design and construction of roads, is another area of interaction between soil researchers and geologists. The exploration of the planets of the solar system is a field which has assembled soil chemists and geochemists to collect, analyse and interpret data sent by space vehicles. Future interactions between geology and soil science will occur on issues such as: water in the vadose zone; risks due to Earth movements; and functions of soils in ecosystems. We predict and also welcome more communication between the two disciplines, as solutions to some of these problems are demanded by society.
The use of two- and three-dimensional seismic to understand sediment transfer from fluvial to deepwater via sinuous channels: example from the Mahakam shelf and comparison with outcrop data (south central Pyrenees)
Authors: Crumeyrolle P. , Renaud I. , Suiter J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
While being very different in term of horizontal and vertical resolution, the three-dimensional seismic and the two-dimensional lines straddling the Mahakam shelf complement each other to refine the classical two-dimensional seismic-based sequence stratigraphy models and the associated depositional environments interpretation by establishing closer three-dimensional genetic relations between fluvial, deltaic and turbiditic sediments using palaeolandscape morphologies. The Mahakam lowstand seismic geomorphology study can be compared with ancient sinuous fluvial to slope and deep marine channels outcropping in the cenozoic of the Spanish Pyrenees. This comparison emphasizes the interaction of various processes such as sea-level cycles, shelf-edge failures and the behaviour of flood/fluvial flows shaping the fluvial conduits that fed turbiditic systems during the lowstand period. Fluvial-derived flows by-passing the depositional shoreline break or the shelf break appear to be one of the main mechanisms for sediment transfer from shelf to deep basin both in the Mahakam and the Sobrarbe delta despite the obvious difference in tectonic setting, slope dip and flow efficiency.
Imprints of former ice streams, imaged and interpreted using industry three-dimensional seismic data from the south-western Barents Sea
Authors: Andreassen K. , Ødegaard C. M. , Rafaelsen B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Former ice-stream activity is shown from industry three-dimensional (3D) seismic data from the south-western Barents Sea. Although designed for deeper targets, the data allow, due to high spatial sample rate and three-dimensional migration techniques, construction of detailed plan view images. The integration of sea-floor geomorphology with stratigraphy documents the importance of glacial processes in the seascape evolution of this area. Fast-flowing ice streams occupying the cross-shelf troughs during the Late Weichselian glaciation caused large-scale erosion, and also left their imprints in the form of mega-scale glacial lineations on the sea floor as indicators of ice-flow direction. Various types of 3D seismic attributes, combined with detailed geomorphology and seismic stratigraphy, are used to investigate the 2–3 km of stratigraphic record that corresponds to over a million years of ice-stream activity. The appearance of mega-scale glacial lineations on various 3D seismic attribute maps indicates, together with other characteristics of ice streams, that they are formed by erosion beneath fast-flowing grounded ice. Bedform records of former ice streams may, however, be related only to the final stages of ice-streaming, immediately prior to shut down. Because we here have preserved up to several hundred metres of sediments between the buried, glacially eroded surfaces, we have the opportunity to study ice-stream imprints and associated processes covering longer time spans than just the last stages. Seismic volumetric attribute maps reveal that megablocks and rafts, often aligned in chains, commonly occur within the till units, implying that glaciotectonic erosion by fast-flowing ice streams was an important process in the transfer of sediments from the continental shelf to the Bjørnøya Trough Mouth Fan and the deep sea during the Plio-Pleistocene glaciations.
Application of three-dimensional seismic data to documenting the scale, geometry and distribution of soft-sediment features in sedimentary basins: an example from the Lomre Terrace, offshore Norway
Authors: Jackson C. A.-L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Three-dimensional seismic data are used to document the geometry, scale and distribution of soft-sediment deformation features in the post-rift succession of the Lomre Terrace, offshore Norway. In the Cretaceous to Upper Oligocene succession a polygonal fault network, developed in the in response to compaction and dewatering of the interval, was mapped using dip and azimuth grid-based attributes. In the same stratigraphic interval a series of chaotic seismic reflection packages are developed which are visualized using a volume-based seismic coherency attribute and interpreted as the seismic expression of mobilized mud masses. Immediately overlying the mobilized mud masses are a series of fault-bounded depressions that are interpreted to have formed in response to deflation of the mobilized mud masses caused by loading of the overlying succession. A series of shallow, curvilinear erosion surfaces are present on the seismic horizon bounding the top of the Pliocene succession and represent iceberg-keel plough marks. This study demonstrates that interpretation and visualization of three-dimensional seismic data coupled with attribute analysis provide valuable insights into soft-sediment deformation features in sedimentary basins, in particular the scale, geometry and distribution of such features and their temporal and spatial inter-relationships.
Equivalence between priority queues and sorting
Authors: Thorup Mikkel 
Published: December 2007

We present a general deterministic linear space reduction from priority queues to sorting implying that if we can sort up to
n
keys in
S
(
n
) time per key, then there is a priority queue supporting delete and insert in
O
(
S
(
n
)) time and find-min in constant time. Conversely, a priority queue can trivially be used for sorting: first insert all keys to be sorted, then extract them in sorted order by repeatedly deleting the minimum. Asymptotically, this settles the complexity of priority queues in terms of that of sorting.

Previously, at SODA'96, such a result was presented by the author for the special case of monotone priority queues where the minimum is not allowed to decrease.
Besides nailing down the complexity of priority queues to that of sorting, and vice versa, our result yields several improved bounds for linear space integer priority queues with find-min in constant time:

Deterministically
. We get
O
(log log
n
) update time using a sorting algorithm of Han from STOC'02. This improves the
O
((log log
n
)(log log log
n
)) update time of Han from SODA'01.

Randomized
. We get
O
(√log log
n
) expected update time using a randomized sorting algorithm of Han and Thorup from FOCS'02. This improves the
O
(log log
n
) expected update time of Thorup from SODA'96.

Deterministically in AC
0
(without multiplication)

. For any ε > 0, we get
O
((log log
n
)
1+ε
) update time using an AC
0
sorting algorithm of Han and Thorup from FOCS'02. This improves the
O
((log log
n
)
2
) update time of Thorup from SODA'98.

Randomized in AC
0

. We get
O
(log log
n
) expected update time using a randomized AC
0
sorting algorithm of Thorup from SODA'97. This improves the
O
((log log
n
)
1+ε
) expected update time of Thorup also from SODA'97.

The above bounds assume that each integer is stored in a single word and that word operations take unit time as in the word RAM.
Introduction
Authors: Rajsbaum Sergio 
Published: December 2007

The Distributed Computing Column covers the theory of systems that are composed of a number of interacting computing elements. These include problems of communication and networking, databases, distributed shared memory, multiprocessor architectures, operating systems, verification, Internet, and the Web. This issue consists of:
"Delayed Password Disclosure," by Markus Jakobsson and Steven Myers.
Many thanks to them for their contribution to this issue.
Brazil: From Liberation Theology to a Theology of Citizenship as Public Theology
Authors: von Sinner Rudolf 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLiberation Theology has become known worldwide for its preferential option for the poor and its prophetic voice against economic and political oppression. Since the end of the military regime in Brazil (1985) and the fall of the Berlin wall (1989), theologians have been grappling with the continuously appalling poverty, exclusion and marginalization of very large sectors of society, within an ever more complex context and a diversity of theoretical positions. In civil society, politics and education, citizenship has become the central notion behind participatory democracy. By describing what have been the main assets of Liberation Theology and how the new situation is challenging them, this article explores theological proposals from Brazilian authors, who have taken up the concern for citizenship. Hence, it states the need for a theology of citizenship and maps the field for linking this to the growing international debate on public theology; a phrase not commonly used in Brazil thus far.
Babel or Pentecost? Faith, Difference and Freedom in the Twenty-First Century: The Challenge for Public Theology
Authors: Shannahan Chris 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article emerges from many years work in diverse inner city communities. It suggests that urban Britain will be understood properly, and public theology engaged fully with contemporary society, by seriously exploring the normative and contested nature of difference. The article critiques the view that diversity poses a threat to communal life and exposes current examples of essentialist identity politics. It argues that identities premised on raciology are unsustainable, and this poses a challenge to which people of faith should respond with urgency. Thus, the article asserts that critical patterns of multiculturalism provide the basis for inclusive patterns of faith and identity, and that existing public theologies still need to engage in sufficient depth with the fluidity of identity in twenty-first century Britain. At heart, the article offers the new hermeneutical principle of liberative difference as having the capacity to reinvigorate patterns of faith and resource an inclusive liberative struggle in urban societies.
Sin and Decent Society: A Few Untimely Thoughts
Authors: Vroom Hendrik 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article discusses the brokenness of the world and roots of human wrongdoing. It argues that the acknowledgement of sin is a precondition for a humane society of compassion and solidarity. The ambiguity of laws is discussed: laws are necessary, but at the same time they lead us to think that we can improve ourselves. This way of thinking entails that, like the world, we can perfect ourselves. This article explores the consequences of wrong perceptions of human beings, brokenness and sin for individuals and society and points to the contribution that Christian public theology can make.
N-acetylcysteine prevents HIV gp 120-related damage of human cultured astrocytes: correlation with glutamine synthase dysfunction
Authors: Visalli Valeria , Muscoli Carolina , Sacco Iolanda , Sculco Francesca , Palma Ernesto , Costa Nicola , Colica Carmela , Rotiroti Domenicantonio , Mollace Vincenzo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundHIV envelope gp 120 glycoprotein is released during active HIV infection of brain macrophages thereby generating inflammation and oxidative stress which contribute to the development of the AIDS-Dementia Complex (ADC). Gp120 has also been found capable to generate excitotoxic effect on brain tissue via enhancement of glutamatergic neurotransmission, leading to neuronal and astroglial damage, though the mechanism is still to be better understood.Here we investigated on the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), on gp120-induced damage in human cultured astroglial cells and the possible contribution of gp120-related reacting oxygen species (ROS) in the imbalanced activity of glutamine synthase (GS), the enzyme that metabolizes glutamate into glutamine within astroglial cells playing a neuroprotective role in brain disorders.ResultsIncubation of Lipari human cultured astroglial cells with gp 120 (0.1–10 nM) produced a significant reduction of astroglial cell viability and apoptosis as evaluated by TUNEL reaction and flow cytometric analysis (FACS). This effect was accompanied by lipid peroxidation as detected by means of malondialdehyde assay (MDA). In addition, gp 120 reduced both glutamine concentration in astroglial cell supernatants and GS expression as detected by immunocytochemistry and western blotting analysis. Pre-treatment of cells with NAC (0.5–5 mM), dose-dependently antagonised astroglial apoptotic cell death induced by gp 120, an effect accompanied by significant attenuation of MDA accumulation. Furthermore, both effects were closely associated with a significant recovery of glutamine levels in cell supernatants and by GS expression, thus suggesting that overproduction of free radicals might contribute in gp 120-related dysfunction of GS in astroglial cells.ConclusionIn conclusion, the present experiments demonstrate that gp 120 is toxic to astroglial cells, an effect accompanied by lipid peroxidation and by altered glutamine release. All the effects of gp120 on astroglial cells were counteracted by NAC thus suggesting a novel and potentially useful approach in the treatment of glutammatergic disorders found in HAD patients.
Single-drug therapy or selective decontamination of the digestive tract as antifungal prophylaxis in critically ill patients: a systematic review
Authors: van Till JW Olivier , van Ruler Oddeke , Lamme Bas , Weber Roy JP , Reitsma Johannes B , Boermeester Marja A 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Introduction
The objective of this study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of different prophylactic antifungal therapies in critically ill patients on the incidence of yeast colonisation, infection, candidemia, and hospital mortality.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted of prospective trials including adult non-neutropenic patients, comparing single-drug antifungal prophylaxis (SAP) or selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) with controls and with each other.

Results
Thirty-three studies were included (11 SAP and 22 SDD; 5,529 patients). Compared with control groups, both SAP and SDD reduced the incidence of yeast colonisation (SAP: odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20 to 0.70; SDD: OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.29) and infection (SAP: OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.75; SDD: OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.45). Treatment effects were significantly larger in SDD trials than in SAP trials. The incidence of candidemia was reduced by SAP (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.82) but not by SDD (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.40). In-hospital mortality was reduced predominantly by SDD (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93, numbers needed to treat 15; SAP: OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.00). Effectiveness of prophylaxis reduced with an increased proportion of included surgical patients.

Conclusion
Antifungal prophylaxis (SAP or SDD) is effective in reducing yeast colonisation and infections across a range of critically ill patients. Indirect comparisons suggest that SDD is more effective in reducing yeast-related outcomes, except for candidemia.
The inhibitory collagen receptor LAIR-1 (CD305)
Authors: Meyaard Linde 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe immune system protects the body from invaders such as viruses and bacteria. Immune cells must be activated in the correct context to function properly. It is critical that the receptors, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines that orchestrate this activation are carefully regulated to prevent uncontrolled inflammation and autoimmunity. Inhibitory receptors play an important role in regulation of immune cell function, usually upon interaction with ligands present on other cells. In contrast, the function of the inhibitory leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor (LAIR)-1 can be regulated by extracellular matrix collagens. LAIR-1 is expressed on most cells of the immune system, and its function has been studied on multiple cell types. This review summarizes current literature about LAIR-1, a receptor that potentially is able to regulate multiple steps of an immune response.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Deng Gary , Vickers Andrew J. , Yeung K. Simon , D'Andrea Gabriella M. , Xiao Han , Heerdt Alexandra S. , Sugarman Steven , Troso-Sandoval Tiffany , Seidman Andrew D. , Hudis Clifford A. , Cassileth Barrie R. 
Published: December 2007

Purpose To determine the immediate and long-term effects of true acupuncture versus sham acupuncture on hot flash frequency in women with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Seventy-two women with breast cancer experiencing three or more hot flashes per day were randomly assigned to receive either true or sham acupuncture. Interventions were given twice weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. Hot flash frequency was evaluated at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months after initiation of treatment. Patients initially randomly assigned to the sham group were crossed over to true acupuncture starting at week 7. Results The mean number of hot flashes per day was reduced from 8.7 (standard deviation [SD], 3.9) to 6.2 (SD, 4.2) in the true acupuncture group and from 10.0 (SD, 6.1) to 7.6 (SD, 5.7) in the sham group. True acupuncture was associated with 0.8 fewer hot flashes per day than sham at 6 weeks, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (95% CI, −0.7 to 2.4; P = .3). When participants in the sham acupuncture group were crossed over to true acupuncture, a further reduction in the frequency of hot flashes was seen. This reduction in hot flash frequency persisted for up to 6 months after the completion of treatment. Conclusion Hot flash frequency in breast cancer patients was reduced following acupuncture. However, when compared with sham acupuncture, the reduction by the acupuncture regimen as provided in the current study did not reach statistical significance. We cannot exclude the possibility that a longer and more intense acupuncture intervention could produce a larger reduction of these symptoms.