bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue interactions and prostatic growth: II. Morphological and biochemical characterization of adult mouse prostatic hyperplasia induced by fetal urogenital sinus implants
Authors: Miller Gary J. , Runner Meredith N. , Chung Leland W. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent hypotheses regarding the causes of human benign prostatic hyperplasia have implicated both steroid hormone imbalance and tissue interactions. To examine the role of the latter we have further investigated the phenomenon of urogenital sinus‐induced hyperplasia of the adult mouse ventral prostate. Urogenital sinuses (UGS) or purified urogenital mesenchyme (UGM) from C3H mice were implanted into the ventral prostates or coagulating glands of 50‐ to 90‐day‐old BALB/c‐nu/nu hosts. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, and 180 days postimplantation to establish time dependence. Wet weight and DNA content were used as measures of net growth. Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozyme analysis was used to determine the relative contributions of C3H and BALB/c cells to the enlarged chimeric ventral prostates. It was determined that the induced growth is time‐dependent and that the UGS induces 2‐ to 4‐fold more growth than UGM. GPI analysis shows that UGM‐induced growth was composed primarily of host‐derived cells whereas the UGS is composed nearly equally of host‐ and implant‐derived cells. Histologie analysis reveals that the UGS implants induce marked epithelial proliferation. The proliferating glands occur in clusters, and the epithelium within the glands appears cribriform. Foci of postobstructive cystic atrophy are also found. Remnants of the implanted UGS are still present even at 180 days postimplantation. UGM‐induced growth is of a more subtle nature and appears morphologically similar to the sham‐operated controls. In view of the morphologic similarity with human disease, as well as the time and hormonal dependence of UGS‐induced ventral prostatic hyperplasia, this model represents the basis for a unified hypothesis regarding the roles of tissue interaction and hormonal milieu in human benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a prognostic aid in human prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Lewenhaupt Arvid , Ekman Peter , Eneroth Peter , Nilsson Bo , Nordstrom Lennart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in serum, the presence or absence of skeletal metastases, tumor grade, patient age, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined in 50 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma before onset of any therapy. Crude survival rates were estimated for a 5‐year period after the time of diagnosis. The prognostic value was estimated by means of the log rank test and multivariate life table analysis. The TPA, PAP, tumor stage, and ESR all appeared to be useful as prognostic markers. Tumor grade and patient age were not significantly related to crude survival. The TPA proved to be the most reliable prognostic marker in single test estimates as well as in a multivariate life table analysis (p < 0.01).
Characterization of the heterogeneity of R3327 rat prostatic tumors derived from single‐cell clones
Authors: Thompson Sue Ann , Johnson Michael P. , Heidger Paul M. , Lubaroff David M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic adenocarcinoma is characterized by cellular diversity, which is well demonstrated in the Dunning R3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. This heterogeneity may arise from epigenetic influences, ie, cellular adaptation or selection, and/or from genetic changes. To investigate the question of genetic instability, four tissue culture cell lines were derived from single cells isolated from the uncloned late (UCL) passage of the Dunning R3327H prostate cell culture. Each of these clonally derived tissue cultures was injected into castrated and intact young adult male rats for tumor production. Uncloned early (UCE) and UCL passage tissue cultures were also propagated as solid tumors. Tumors and the cultures from which they were derived were examined for evidence of phenotypic and genetic changes using morphological and cytometric methods. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed only slight differences among the cell cultures. A single population of diploid cells was demonstrated in each of the cell cultures by propidium iodide staining and subsequent flow cytometric measurement of DNA content/nucleus. Tumors of unicellular as well as multicellular origin exhibited extreme heterogeneity of histological features, both among animals as well as within a single tumor. Tumors were surveyed and tissue types were characterized and cataloged. Clone 3 was generally better differentiated than the others; tumors from castrated animals were better differentiated than those from intact animals. Flow cytometry revealed multiple hyperdiploid cell populations that were variable from one sample to another. We concluded that changes in genotype as well as phenotype occurred in the tumors derived from single cells. Some of these changes may have occurred in the cells while still in culture.
The antigenic relatedness of proteins from human and simian prostate fluid
Authors: Carter Donald B. , Timmins James G. , Adams Lonnie D. , Lewis Ronald W. , Karr James P. , Resnick Martin I. , Buhl Allen E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐dimensional electophoretic analysis of human prostate fluid reveals an abundant protein migrating to a molecular weight of 15 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.5. Polyclonal antibodies were raised specifically to microgram quantities of electrophoresed, excised, and eluted PSP15 (prostate secretory protein). Western immunoblot analysis using these antibodies showed they ot only react to PSP15, but cross‐react with simian prostate and human seminal fluid proteins of similar molecular weights. Two‐dimensional gel immunoblots strongly suggest that the seminal protein and PSP15 are the same, thereby providing a more accessible source of the protein. The antibody to the human PSP15 cross‐reacted with neither prostate fluid from the ventral lobe of the rat prostate nor the prostate fluid from the beagle dog.
The effect of 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol and 17β‐estradiol on the adult and immature chacma baboon prostate
Authors: De Klerk Daniel P. , Human H. J. , De Klerk J. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the Chacma baboon prostate in an attempt to develop a primate model of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Anatomically, the baboon prostate can be divided into caudal, cranial, and prostatic urethral segments. A peri‐urethral group of glands has been identified in the prostatic urethra. Following treatment with either 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol or 17β‐estradiol, or the hormones in combination, the mature baboon prostate showed very little response by gravimetric or morphometric analysis. In contrast, the stimulatory effect of 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol on the caudal lobe of the immature baboon prostate and the prostatic urethral segment (a structure that is largely fibromuscular) was potentiated by the addition of 17β‐estradiol. The weight of the immature baboon cranial prostate was increased by 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol treatment, but 17β estradiol did not potentiate androgen‐induced growth. By morphometric analysis it could be shown that both the epithelial and stromal component of the immature baboon caudal prostate responded to 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol (androstanediol) treatment and that the addition of 17β‐estradiol had a slight, but significant, potentiating effect on the androstanediol‐induced increase of epithelial volume.
Long‐term follow‐up of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma treated with either buserelin (HOE 766) or orchiectomy: Classification of variables associated with disease outcome
Authors: Koutsilieris Michael , Tolis George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe compared the clinical efficacy and safety of Buserelin treatment versus orchiectomy in 29 patients with newly diagnosed advanced prostatic cancer. There was no significant difference between the two treatment modalities in 1) reduction of plasma testosterone to below 100 ng/dl after 8 weeks, 2) objective clinical response rates in patients with stage D2 carcinoma, 3) induction of complete remission in patients with stages C and D1 carcinoma, or 4) relapse rates and death rates in patients with stage D2 carcinoma. After scoring stage D2 disease according to our aggressiveness analysis system, we found that patients with less aggressive neoplasms displayed a qualitatively better response and more prolonged remission. These data and the absence of estrogenic effects confirm Buserelin as a favorable alternative to orchiectomy in the treatment of prostatic cancer. Additionally, the study demonstrates the importance of considering the heterogeneity of the aggressiveness of stage D2 disease in assessing the benefits of clinical trials in prostatic carcinoma.
Cellular response to androgen depletion and repletion in the rat ventral prostate: Autoradiography and morphometric analysis
Authors: English Hugh F. , Santen Richard J. , Drago Joseph R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of androgen depletion/repletion on the cell types of the rat ventral prostate has been studied using light microscope autoradiography and morphometric analysis. All prostatic cells were assigned to one of the following groups: epithelial, endothelial, stromal (periacinar), or stromal (interacinar). With the exception of the latter group, the numbers of all other cell types were significantly reduced by androgen depletion (castration), and increased by repletion thereafter. During the repletion period, the labeling index of all cell types rose in parallel and peaked 72 hours postinitiation of androgen replacement. The size of the proliferating pool just prior to the peak day was determined. Forty‐five percent of the total prostatic cell population was found to be labeled. The epithelial cell group contained the greatest proportion of labeled cells, but significant percentages occurred in the other types. These results precisely define the temporal effects of androgen replacement on prostatic cell population dynamics in the castrate rat.
Immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of prostatic acid phosphatase in human hyperplastic prostate
Authors: Song Guo‐Xing , Lin Chin‐Tarng , Wu Jang‐Yen , Lam Kwok‐Wai , Li Chin‐Yang , Yam Lung T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoelectron microscopic studies were done on prostatic tissues obtained from patients with benign hyperplasia. Rabbit IgG‐peroxidase conjugate against purified human prostatic acid phosphatase band 2 (HPAP‐2) was used for studies. Under the light microscope, the columnar secretory epithelia of prostatic glands showed different intensity and distribution of immunostaining whereas the basal cells were unstained. Under the electron microscope, the secretory epithelial cells often showed electron‐dense reaction product in the Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles and vacuoles, and only sparingly in the cisternae of nuclear envelope and rough ER. Sometimes, fusion of secretory vacuolar membrane and plasma membrane and discharge of the vacuolar contents into the extracellular space were noted. The surfaces of microvilli at the apical portion of the columnar epithelia and the lumen of the glandular acini always showed reaction product. These findings suggest that HPAP‐2 may be synthesized in the rough ER and transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is concentrated and transferred to the secretory vesicles and vacuoles. HPAP‐2 is finally discharged into the extracellular spaces through exocytosis, a secretory mechanism similar to that of other secretory proteins.
Creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes in human prostatic tissues: A comparison between benign hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Truong Thomas , Lehoux Jean‐Guy , Carmel Michel , Elhilali Mostafa , Cloutier Denys 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the distribution of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) into its three isoenzymes, MM, MB, and BB, in human prostatic tissue, in patients with benign hyperplasia (BPH) and adenocarcinoma. Specimens were obtained from 23 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and 25 patients with benign hyperplasia. We also had the opportunity to analyze the CPK content in two normal prostates, the first from a 16 1/2‐year‐old boy and the second from a 9 1/2‐year‐old child. Our results showed prostate tissue to contain almost exclusively the BB isoenzyme with traces of the MB and MM.In conclusion, this study does not show that the measurement of CPK‐BB in the prostatic tissue could be used as an index of tissue malignancy.Dimers in both cancer and BPH as well as the specimen of normal prostate from the 16 1/2‐year‐old boy. As for the 9 1/2‐year‐old child, we found the following distribution: 39% MM, 21% MB, and 40% BB dimer. A comparison of the CPK‐BB content in benign hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma revealed no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, we tried to correlate prostatic tissue CPK‐BB levels with another possible tumor marker of the prostate, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) measured in the cytosol. No correlation was found between these two markers. We also studied the relationship of CPK‐BB and PAP content in prostatic tissue to nuclear and cytosolic androgen receptor content in human prostatic tissue. We found some correlation between CPK‐BB and androgen cytosolic receptors as well as between PAP content and androgen cytosolic receptors in patients with benign hyperplasia. No such correlation was found in the group with adenocarcinoma.
The isolation, enrichment, and comparative electron microscopic characterization of cellular components of the aged rat ventral prostate
Authors: Cooke David B. , Littleton George K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstate cells were isolated from 3‐and 23‐month‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats. After sequential digestion with 0.1% collagenase at 370C, a mixed population of cells was obtained. The cells were layered on a five‐step discontinuous Percoll gradient (g/ml: 1.024, 1.043, 1.048, 1.060, 1.089), centrifuged at 3,000 rpm x 30 minutes, which produced six distinct cellular subpopulations and a fibromuscular stroma (FMS). Electron microscopic characterization of the 3‐and 23‐month‐old cellular subpopulations identified the following components, g/ml: debris and nonviable cells (1.020–1.025) nonsecretory epithelial cells (1.038–1.039), secretory epithelial cells (1.047–1.048), basal epithelial cells (1.057–1.059), differentiating epithelial cells (1.070–1.075), erythrocytes (1.085–1.089). This study demonstrates that one of the effects of age on the rat ventral prostate is an intracellular disorganization of isolated and enriched cellular components.
Induction of thymidine kinase of fetal type by androgens in the rat prostate
Authors: Gayet G. , Derré P. , Samperez S. , Jouan P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAndrogen administration to immature male rats resulted in the neosynthesis of thymidine kinase (TK) molecules in prostates. Induction was maximum 36–48 hours after hormone administration. It was specifically due to androgens and was dose‐dependent. Separate measurements of TK isoenzyme (fetal and adult types TK) activities showed that in immature animals both activities were stimulated by androgens to different extents. In adult animals, only the isoenzyme of the fetal type was concerned. Results obtained in immature and adult castrated rats showed that the increase in activity of the fetal‐type enzyme was much more important in immature than in adult animals.
Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH: Plasma hormone levels after daily subcutaneous injections and periodic administration of delayed‐release preparations
Authors: Roger Marc , Lahlou Najiba , Nahoul Khalil , Duchier Jean , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hormonal effects of a delayed‐release intramuscular (IM) preparation of D‐Trp‐6‐LH‐RH (Decapeptyl microcapsules) were investigated in men aged 65–75 years. Six men with a prostatic adenoma (group A) received subcutaneously (SC) 500 μg Decapeptyl/day for seven days. Seven men with a prostatic carcinoma (group B) were given the same SC treatment, but in addition received on days 8, 28, and 56 an IM injection of Decapeptyl microcapsules. During SC treatment, plasma Decapeptyl levels rose to 2–4 ng/ml. Plasma LH, FSH, and 17‐hydroxy‐progesterone peaked on day 2, and estradiol‐17β on day 3, whereas high testosterone levels were maintained from day 2 to day 4, and then fell abruptly on day 6. In group A, hormone levels were minimal on day 12 or 14 but returned to basal on day 23. After IM injection of microcapsules on day 8, two out of seven subjects from group B exhibited the same hormonal pattern as for group A, but testosterone secretion was completely suppressed after the second IM injection. In both subjects, plasma Decapeptyl was undetectable in most samples from day 10 to day 28, but became detectable after the second injection. In five subjects from group B, plasma Decapeptyl was detectable in all plasma samples from day 10 to day 49. Testosterone levels were in the castrate range after day 24 (0.25 ± 0.03 ng/ml). Mean LH level (± SEM) decreased progressively from day 14 (65 ± 6 ng LER 907/ml) to day 56 (36 ± 2 ng/ml). These data provide evidence for the efficacy of periodic administration of Decapeptyl microcapsules for suppressing testicular secretion.
Tamoxifen decreases human prostate CPK concentration
Authors: Geller Jack , Albert Jerry D. , Kirshner Miriam , Liu Junda 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCreatine phosphokinase (CPK) was measured in whole prostate tissue of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) who were given Tamoxifen and/or megestrol acetate for seven days prior to transurethral resection of the prostate. Tamoxifen and Tamoxifen plus Megace®, but not Megace® alone, significantly decreased CPK concentrations in whole prostate tissue in comparison to untreated controls, suggesting that CPK is an estrogen‐dependent enzyme in the prostate. CPK concentration was also measured separately in mechanically separated prostate stroma and epithelium. The levels of CPK were 2.19 times higher in stroma than epithelium. This study suggests that CPK may be a marker for estrogen stimulation of the stroma in BPH tissue.
A systematic study of age‐dependent changes in prostatic morphology and prolactin binding of ACI rats
Authors: Witorsch Raphael J. , Vick Robert S. , Abbey Louis M. , Wilson Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistologic specimens of ventral and dorsolateral prostate from ACI male rats of varying ages (3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 29–32 months) were examined to identify changes associated with the development of adenocarcinoma. The same specimens were examined immunohistochemically for their distribution of prolactin binding sites. At 3 months of age ventral lobes of these ACI rats exhibited normal histology and prolactin binding patterns. At 6 and 12 months of age most ventral prostate alveoli showed epithelial cell atrophy, along with occasional acini containing normal‐looking epithelial cells. Prolactin binding activity was present in most epithelial cells at 6 months of age but disappeared from atrophied cells at 12 months of age. At 18 months of age epithelial atrophy was more advanced and devoid of prolactin binding activity while zones of epithelial cell proliferation were expanded containing populations of normal‐looking cells, and cells that were either hyperplastic or dysplastic (abnormal looking), all of which were capable of binding prolactin. Older rats, 24–32 months of age, also showed prostatic adenocarcinoma in ventral prostate and these cancerous cells bound prolactin. A continuum was frequently seen between areas of normal epithelial cells, hyperplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma of ventral prostate. Morphology and prolactin binding patterns in dorsal and lateral prostates of old ACI rats were similar to young adult rats and did not contain adenocarcinoma. In conclusion, age‐dependent atrophy of the ventral prostate gland of ACI rats occurs early in life and precedes adenocarcinoma. Precancerous dysplastic changes appear to arise from normal and hyperplastic epithelial cells that are capable of binding prolactin rather than those that undergo precocious atrophy and lose their prolactin binding activity. Although atrophic epithelial cells do not appear to be progenitors of prostatic cancer, the possible relationship between precocious senescence (atrophy) and adenocarcinoma in ventral prostates of ACI rats is discussed.
Studies of androgen and estrogen binding in normal canine prostatic tissue and in epithelial and stromal cell lines derived from the canine prostate
Authors: Eaton C. L. , Hamilton T. C. , Kenvyn K. , Pierrepoint C. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAndrogen and estrogen binding to cytosol proteins was examined in preparations derived from canine prostatic tissue and from epithelial and fibroblastoid cell lines. Binding parameters were characterized by saturation analysis using a protamine sulfate precipitation procedure and by analysis of the mobility of steroid‐binding moieties in sucrose density gradients.Androgen‐binding studies demonstrated the presence of a single class of high‐affinity binding component (kD = 1‐2 × 10−9 M), with specificity for 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, in cytosols derived from tissue homogenates and both cell types. In estrogen‐binding studies two discrete classes of binding component were characterized of high (kD = 5‐10 × 10−10 M) and moderate (kD = 1‐2 × 10−8 M) affinities. Both species were present in cytosol derived from all three sources. The high‐affinity component displayed specificity for estradiol‐17β, and the second component displayed some capacity for androgen binding. These findings are discussed with reference to the anomalous actions of some androgens in the canine prostate and in relation to the putative role of steroids in stromal‐epithelial interrelationships.
Embryonal hyperplasia of the prostate
Authors: Bennett Betsy D. , Gardner William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnusual patterns of prostatic hyperplasia require close scrutiny by the pathologist in order to distinguish them from adenocarcinoma. One such pattern, basal cell hyperplasia, has been the subject of several recent reports. We describe a second pattern, which we refer to as embryonal hyperplasia because of its resemblance to the embryonal or fetal prostate. Although this lesion bears some resemblance to basal cell hyperplasia, it differs in histochemical characteristics. A review of previous cases of this entity, which were reported as basal cell hyperplasia, suggests that they differ in ultrastructural characteristics as well. The significance of this proliferative pattern currently rests in its resemblance to prostatic adenocarcinoma, particularly when present in many chips from a transurethral resection of the prostate. Further studies, especially relating to hormone dependency, would be useful in understanding the development of this and other more atypical prostatic proliferations.
Sexual function after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Pontes J. Edson , Huben R. , Wolf R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐five patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy by a standard technique modified by the author (JEP) were interviewed regarding their sexual function prior to and after the operation. Thirty‐five patients were sexually potent prior to the surgery. Post‐operatively, 19 patients retained erectile potency (54%), although in 15 partial erections of varying degrees were noted. In 4 of these patients, erections were not satisfactory for sexual intercourse. It is evident that a significant number of patients retained sexual function after radical prostatectomy, even when no particular attention was made to preserve the neurovascular supply.