bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological evolution of lentiginous melanoma: a report of five new cases
Authors: Davis Tracy , Zembowicz Artur 
Published: October 2006

Background:  The term lentiginous melanoma was recently used for atypical melanocytic proliferations sharing some histological features with lentigo maligna and associated with a protracted in situ stage before invasion. Lentiginous melanoma was characterized by predominantly single‐cell lentiginous growth pattern with focal junctional nests and pagetoid spread, preservation of the dermoepidermal junction, limited cytological atypia, and lack of significant solar elastosis. We report five similar cases.Methods:  Histological review of routine sections with clinicopathological correlation.Results:  Three patients were male and two were female. The age at presentation ranged from 24 to 66 years. All lesions arose on the truck or proximal extremities. All five cases fulfilled histological criteria proposed for lentiginous melanoma. None of the lesions showed significant solar elastosis. One lesion was followed clinically and histologically for 16 years without intervening treatment. It had three local recurrences before culminating in invasive melanoma.Conclusions:  Our observations support recent efforts to distinguish lentiginous melanoma as a distinct clinicopathological entity. Lentiginous melanoma can remain in situ for a long time before invasion and may be considered an analogue of lentigo maligna occurring on non‐severely sun‐damaged skin. Familiarity with the histological features of this variant is important for its early recognition and treatment.
The Lost Moravian History of William Blake's Family: Snapshots from the Archive
Authors: Davies Keri 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 2001, Dr. M. K. Schuchard discovered records relating to William Blake's mother, her first husband and possibly other connections of the Blake family, in the Moravian Church Library and Archive at Muswell Hill. A valuable new context for understanding Blake was thereby uncovered. The author discusses the background to this discovery, describes his own role in exploring the Archive and presents systematically the extensive archival data relating to Catherine Wright Armitage Blake, mother of the poet. The discoveries in the Moravian archive raise all sorts of questions about Blake's childhood, and about the milieu in which he grew up. Their effect is to shatter some entrenched preconceptions that have been dominant in Blake scholarship for a very long time. They alert us to the complexities of Blake's spiritual journey given his later connections to Swedenborgianism and Behmenism, and the Anglicanism that actually ran concurrently alongside all of these beliefs. Blake can now be linked to at least two definable religious movements (Moravian and Swedenborgian) which made up part of London's spiritual life. Moravianism (like his later Swedenborgianism) has left its recoverable traces in Blake's work. The author suggests that the future scholarly project will be to narrate the history of Blake's religious contacts and context within a contemporary religious culture that is much richer than we had hitherto imagined.
Second‐rate Stories? Changing Approaches to the Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle
Authors: Stodnick Jacqueline 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis essay analyzes broad trends in scholarship on the Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle. Examining the major contributions to the field, the author argues that a change may be observed from a more isolative situation (in which separate scholarly strands examined textual history, literary worth, and political import) concentrated on questions of origin and intent, to the more interdisciplinary focus of contemporary studies, for which readership and continuation are the primary concerns. The essay concludes by suggesting that future study of the Chronicle will be concentrated on the later manuscripts; its nature as a composite text; the manuscript contexts; and the text as narrative.
Cch1 Mediates Calcium Entry in
Cryptococcus neoformans
and Is Essential in Low-Calcium Environments
Authors: Liu Min , Du Ping , Heinrich Garrett , Cox Gary M. , Gelli Angie 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

The ability of
Cryptococcus neoformans
to grow at the mammalian body temperature (37°C to 39°C) is a well-established virulence factor. Growth of
C. neoformans
at this physiological temperature requires calcineurin, a Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. When cytosolic calcium concentrations are low (∼50 to 100 nM), calcineurin is inactive and becomes active only when cytosolic calcium concentrations rise (∼1 to 10 μM) through the activation of calcium channels. In this study we analyzed the function of Cch1 in
C. neoformans
and found that Cch1 is a Ca
2+
-permeable channel that mediates calcium entry in
C. neoformans
. Analysis of the Cch1 protein sequence revealed differences in the voltage sensor (S4 regions), suggesting that Cch1 may have diminished voltage sensitivity or possibly an alternative gating mechanism. The inability of the
cch1
mutant to grow under conditions of limited extracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca
2+
]
extracellular
, ∼100 nM) suggested that Cch1 was required for calcium uptake in low-calcium environments. These results are consistent with the role of ScCch1 in mediating high-affinity calcium uptake in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Although the growth defect of the
cch1
mutant under conditions of limited [Ca
2+
]
extracellular
(∼100 nM) became more severe with increasing temperature (25°C to 38.5°), this temperature sensitivity was not observed when the
cch1
mutant was grown on rich medium ([Ca
2+
]
extracellular
, ∼0.140 mM). Accordingly, the
cch1
mutant strain displayed only attenuated virulence when tested in the mouse inhalation model of cryptococcosis, further suggesting that
C. neoformans
may have a limited requirement for Cch1 and that this requirement appears to include ion stress tolerance.
Global Replication-Independent Histone H4 Exchange in Budding Yeast
Authors: Linger Jeffrey , Tyler Jessica K. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

The eukaryotic genome is packaged together with histone proteins into chromatin following DNA replication. Recent studies have shown that histones can also be assembled into chromatin independently of DNA replication and that this dynamic exchange of histones may be biased toward sites undergoing transcription. Here we show that epitope-tagged histone H4 can be incorporated into nucleosomes throughout the budding yeast (
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
) genome regardless of the phase of the cell cycle, the transcriptional status, or silencing of the region. Direct comparisons reveal that the amount of histone incorporation that occurs in G
1
-arrested cells is similar to that occurring in cells undergoing DNA replication. Additionally, we show that this histone incorporation is not dependent on the histone H3/H4 chaperones CAF-1, Asf1, and Hir1 individually. This study demonstrates that DNA replication and transcription are not necessary prerequisites for histone exchange in budding yeast, indicating that chromatin is more dynamic than previously thought.
Production of Tyrosol by
Candida albicans
Biofilms and Its Role in Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Development
Authors: Alem Mohammed A. S. , Oteef Mohammed D. Y. , Flowers T. Hugh , Douglas L. Julia 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Tyrosol and farnesol are quorum-sensing molecules produced by
Candida albicans
which accelerate and block, respectively, the morphological transition from yeasts to hyphae. In this study, we have investigated the secretion of tyrosol by
C. albicans
and explored its likely role in biofilm development. Both planktonic (suspended) cells and biofilms of four
C. albicans
strains, including three mutants with defined defects in the Efg 1 and Cph 1 morphogenetic signaling pathways, synthesized extracellular tyrosol during growth at 37°C. There was a correlation between tyrosol production and biomass for both cell types. However, biofilm cells secreted at least 50% more tyrosol than did planktonic cells when tyrosol production was related to cell dry weight. The addition of exogenous farnesol to a wild-type strain inhibited biofilm formation by up to 33% after 48 h. Exogenous tyrosol appeared to have no effect, but scanning electron microscopy revealed that tyrosol stimulated hypha production during the early stages (1 to 6 h) of biofilm development. Experiments involving the simultaneous addition of tyrosol and farnesol at different concentrations suggested that the action of farnesol was dominant, and 48-h biofilms formed in the presence of both compounds consisted almost entirely of yeast cells. When biofilm supernatants were tested for their abilities to inhibit or enhance germ tube formation by planktonic cells, the results indicated that tyrosol activity exceeds that of farnesol after 14 h, but not after 24 h, and that farnesol activity increases significantly during the later stages (48 to 72 h) of biofilm development. Overall, our results support the conclusion that tyrosol acts as a quorum-sensing molecule for biofilms as well as for planktonic cells and that its action is most significant during the early and intermediate stages of biofilm formation.
Two new species of Mesacanthion Filipjev, 1927 (Nematoda: Enoplida) from the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Klerman Alexander , Gagarin Vladimir 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo new nematode species of the genus Mesacanthion, M. obscurum sp. n. and M. propinquum sp. n., both isolated from sediment in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Israel, are described and illustrated. Mesacanthion obscurum sp. n. is similar to M. diplechma and M. southerni, but differs from the first species by having a narrower labial region, shorter outer labial setae, shorter right spiculum, and shorter distance from supplement to cloacal aperture; and from the second species by a shorter female body, shorter outer labial setae, shorter distance from supplement to cloacal aperture, and the presence of a ventral protuberance on the male tail. Mesacanthion propinquum sp. n. resembles M. southerni and M. obscurum sp. n., but differs from the first species by having a shorter female body, less slender tail, narrower labial region, shorter outer labial setae, shorter distance from supplement to cloacal aperture, and absence of transverse striations on the right spicule; and from M. obscurum sp. n. by the shorter outer labial setae (10-15 vs 37-44 μm), shorter distance from supplement to cloacal aperture (28-31 vs 36-59 μm) and absence of transverse striations on the surface of the right spicule. A key is provided for those Mesacanthion species possessing anisomorphic and anisometric spicules.
Fabrication and Sensing Behavior of Cr2O3 Nanofibers via In situ Gelation and Electrospinning
Authors: Hao Rui , Yuan Jinying , Peng Qing 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In this paper, we developed an in situ gelation method to simplify the electrospinning technique. Chromium hydroxide/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique and in situ gelation. Ultrathin fibers of chromium oxide with 150–200-nm diameters were obtained by high-temperature calcination of the hybrid fibers. Structural, morphological, and crystalline phase features of electrospun Cr2O3 nanofibers were studied by SEM, XRD, and DTA-TGA. Ethanol-sensing behavior of the nanofibers was also investigated.
Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles by Quadruple Hydrogen-bonded Ureidopyrimidinone-thiol Dimer as a New Type of Crosslinker
Authors: Kido Yasushi , Fujihara Hisashi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Quadruple hydrogen-bonded networks between gold nanoparticles and a new ureidopyrimidinone-thiol 1 were constructed and the remarkably stable layered films of redox-active gold nanoparticles crosslinked by 1 were formed on a gold electrode.
Radioactive suture in the treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: Goode Richard L. , Fee Willard , Goffinet Donald , Martinez Alvaro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractI‐125 seeds in Vicryl suture have been used as a radioactive suture in 24 cases of advanced malignancy of the head and neck. Twelve cases had metastatic carcinoma attached to the internal or common carotid artery. The goal was to excise surgically as much tumor as possible, then implant any residual tumor with this radioactive suture which remains as a permanent implant (half‐life of 60 days)
The opercular syndrome–diagnostic trap in facial paralysis
Authors: Crumley Roger L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe describe a patient with a left facial paralysis and hemotympanum following left parieto‐occipital skull trauma. The initial admission diagnosis of intratemporal facial nerve injury secondary to temporal bone fracture was incorrect. Normal facial movements during involuntary activity (yawning, laughing at a joke) and focal seizure activity on the paralyzed side of the face, seen subsequently, indicated the site of lesion as supranuclear. The diagnosis of opercular syndrome was made.This syndrome can result when the contralateral frontal lobe is injured. Supranuclear weakness of muscles supplied by the hypoglossal or spinal accessory nerves is also present. Unlike other central paralyses, the facial paralysis in operculum syndrome may not demonstrate “forehead sparing,” and consequently it may be mistaken for a peripheral paralysis. The neuroanatomic basis for the syndrome is discussed. Signs and symptoms are outlined to help the otolaryngologist avoid this diagnostic pitfall.
Survival after unplanned carotid rupture
Authors: Baxter William F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 13 cases with unplanned carotid rupture is summarized. Time from surgery and radiation to rupture, survival time after rupture, and whether tumor is present or not at death is given. The longest survivor lived one year and eight months after rupture and was one of three patients without known tumor at death.Long‐term planning for care in the head and neck tumor patient should include the patient and family. Decisions should be made objectively by all rather than during acute care crises. Occasionally a decision not to treat a pending or actual carotid rupture may be the patient's choice.
Eye protection in the paralyzed face
Authors: Smith Mansfield F. W. , Goode Richard L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAll patients with a VIIth nerve paralysis with any limitation of closure of the eye should have in the office or out‐patient clinic setting: 1. paper tarsorrhaphy of the upper or possibly lower lid; 2. artificial tears and/or ointment; and 3. glasses to protect the cornea from air currentsKinetic and static surgical procedures are discussed. The kinetic procedures include facial nerve repair and grafting, VIIth‐XIIth nerve anastamosis, muscle nerve block transplantation, transposition of nonparalyzed muscle and cross over. The principals of VIIth nerve repair and grafting are presented in the intracranial, internal auditory canal, labyrinthine, tympanomastoid and extratemporal sites. The static procedures include resection of redundant skin, fascia lata strip suspension, weakening of contralateral non‐paralyzed musculature, and adjunctive procedures such as resection of ptotic melolabial fold, plication of parotid‐masseteric fascia, dermal graft suspension, blepharoplasty, brow lift, canthoplasty, horizontal shortening of lower lid, fascial suspension of lower lip, McLaughlin tarsorrhaphy, and palpebral spring. Patient counseling is emphasized.
Medical genetics for the otorhinolaryngologist
Authors: Donnell George N. , Alfi Omar S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGenetic disorders involving the ear, nose and throat can be looked at in essentially the same way that one would view other genetic problems. It is important to differentiate genetic disorders from those due to environmental influences. This may be difficult on clinical grounds, since similar clinical features may be produced by different environmental factors or by different genes or groups of genes. When the cause of the disorder can be established, the risks involved in a family having further offspring usually can be determined reasonably readily. In the uncharacterized situations, empiric risk figures are employed. Abnormalities of genetic origin fall into one of three main groupings: Chromosomal abnormalities, single gene mutations or polygenic inheritance. These situations are discussed and examples are given.
Skull base approach to glomus jugulare
Authors: Mischke Robert E. , Balkany Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe skull base approach to the jugular bulb provides a better opportunity to preserve facial nerve function. Specifically, this applies to glomus jugulare tumors. Adequate exposure to remove even an extensive glomus jugulare tumor may be obtained by the skull base approach, working between the VIIth nerve left in its bony sheath and the lateral process of the first cervical vertebra.
The early diagnosis of acoustic tumors using posterior fossa cisternography with iophendylate
Authors: Gardner Gale 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPosterior fossa cisternography is a basic method for confirming the presence of acoustic and other tumors of the cerebellopontine angle. A modified outpatient procedure with use of new instrumentation is described here, and comparisons are made to the conventional hospital procedure.A series of patients selected for outpatient posterior fossa cisternography was studied using data processing techniques. Presenting symptoms and preliminary test results were compiled, and an impression established as to the likelihood of a tumor being present. Outpatient posterior fossa cisternography was performed, with examination under fluoroscopy in certain circumstances; surgery was performed in certain instances.The results of diagnostic procedures, surgical procedures, and follow‐up studies were coded, analyzed by computer, and conclusions drawn.
Laser stapedotomy for otosclerosis
Authors: Perkins Rodney C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe argon laser microscope recently developed by the author is used to vaporize the stapes tendon, the posterior crus and a rosette of holes in the stapes footplate in the surgical treatment of otosclerosis. An autogenous vein—stainless steel piston assembly is used to reconstruct the stapes portion of the ossicular chain.The surgical technique and results in a preliminary series of 11 patients are reported. Rationale and advantages over conventional stapedectomy are discussed.
Pitfalls in the radiographic diagnosis of stenosis of the internal auditory canal
Authors: Pagani John J. , Thompson Jerome W. , Hanafee William N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe syndrome of stenosis of the internal auditory canal is radiographically suggested by narrowing of the canal on temporal bone tomography or nonfilling on Pantopaquer̀ cysternography. The internal auditory canal ends medially at the porous acousticus. In the literature, the radiographs employed to demonstrate this stenosis show the narrowing to be medial to the porous acousticus and therefore extracanalicular. The presumed narrowing is actually in a neurovascular groove on the posterior aspect of the temporal bone. Temporal bone specimens were photographed and tomographed to demonstrate this point. These data suggest that present radiographic criteria for diagnosis of this syndrome are invalid.
Immediate reconstruction of contaminated central craniofacial injuries with free autogenous grafts
Authors: Stanley Robert B. , Schwartz Michael S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFree autogenous osseous and soft tissue grafts were used for the immediate, one‐stage reconstruction of central craniofacial injuries involving the frontal sinus in 95 patients with wounds contaminated by either skin or nasal bacteria. Graft removal and delayed reconstruction were necessary in only one patient who suffered an infection in the first postoperative week. To date, no delayed complications are known to have occurred in any patient. As anticipated, long‐term follow‐up has been erratic (6 weeks to 5 years) and only suggestions rather than definite guidelines for the management of the sinus component of the injury can be made. However, this group of patients clearly demonstrates that multiple free autogenous grafts can be safely used for the acute reconstruction of contaminated central craniofacial fractures that are intimately related to the intracranial structures.
False positive stapedial reflexes and brain stem evoked response findings in patients with suspected retrocochlear lesions
Authors: Turner John S. , Saunders Anne Z. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with suspected retrocochlcar disease are usually evaluated with stapedial reflex studies and BSER. Positive responses on these tests usually indicate the need for CT scans with air contrast myelogram. We have been impressed with the lack of sensitivity of these audiometric tests in separating tumor from non‐tumorous causes. Although we have never found an acoustic neuroma or cerebellopontine angle tumor without stapedial reflex and BSER abnormalities, we have encountered 20 patients who have strong evidence to support a retrocochlcar tumor on audiometric testing but with negative CT with air contrast scans. This report will deal with our experience with these cases and indicate the necessity for obtaining air contrast CT scans before alarming the patient about a retrocochlear disorder or possible surgery. There appear to be many non‐tumorous disorders associated with stapedial reflex decay and positive BSER.
Cervical ankylosing hyperostosis and airway obstruction
Authors: Hassard A. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForestier's disease, or ankylosing hyperostosis of the cervical spine, has been described to cause dysphagia, foreign body sensation, and aspiration. We report two patients with ankylosing hyperostosis producing ulceration of the posterior plate of the cricoid cartilage, inflammatory edema, and secondary bilateral vocal cord paralysis with airway obstruction. This disease initially produces minimal dysphagia when the primary location of the osteophyte is just above and posterior to the cricoid, then, progressive airway obstruction.The pathogenesis is infection superimposed on ulceration of the cricoid produced by laryngeal movement over a large, sharp osteophyte. Management included tracheostomy for airway management, endoscopy to rule out malignancy, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and surgical excision of the osteophyte.
Intratracheal thyroid ‐ familial occurrence
Authors: Donegan J. Oliver , Wood Michael D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe presence of thryoid tissue within the tracheal lumen is an unusual cause of upper respiratory obstruction. Thyroid tissue in this location may represent true ectopic thyroid or may be caused by invnsion of the trachea by a malignant process.This paper presents two patients from the same family who were found to have thyroid tissue in the trachea. The first illustrates the clinical course of a thyroid malignancy within the trachea, and the second had a true ectopic intratracheal thyroid mass.The embryology, diagnosis, and management of ectopic intratracheal tyyriod are outlined.