bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein synthesizing activity of human neoplastic and normal thyroid tissue in chick embryo mesonephros organ culture
Authors: McCully Kilmer S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo specimens of human neoplastic tissue, renal cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung, and one specimen of normal human thyroid tissue were cultured in the chick embryo mesonephros organ culture system according to Wolff's technique, and the protein synthesizing activity of the cultured tissue was assayed by studying the incorporation of l‐leucine‐14C into protein. During one week of culture all three samples of tissue maintained their morphologic integrity, as judged by histologic study, and their metabolic and synthetic activity, as judged by leucine incorporation. After freezing and thawing in glycerinated buffer, the renal cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung tissue regained protein synthesizing activity during culture in the chick mesonephros system only when the carcinoma fragments were placed in direct contact with the mesonephros fragments. Interposition of the vitelline membrane between the mesonephros and carcinoma fragments prevented restoration of protein synthesizing activity. The possibility is suggested that high molecular weight polymers of undetermined nature are supplied by mesonephros cells for restoration of protein synthesizing activity of frozen and thawed carcinoma cells.
Influence of microbial environment on development of myeloid leukemia in X‐irradiated rfm mice
Authors: Walburg H. E. , Cosgrove G. E. , Upton A. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of radiation‐induced myeloid leukemia, to which conventionally reared RF mice are unusually susceptible, has been observed to vary among colonies of RFM mice maintained in different microbial environments. The incidence in germ‐free RFM males exposed to 300 R of X‐irradiation at 5 to 6 weeks of age was only 1%, whereas that in their conventionally reared counterparts was 13%. In similarly irradiated RFM males subjected to microbial shock by transfer from an environment containing a limited number of bacteria to a conventional microbial environment, the incidence was 20%. The results suggest that the incidence of myeloid leukemia varies inversely in relation to the bacterial “cleanliness” of the environment, possibly as a result of associated variations in granulocytopoiesis.
Possible association between pernicious anaemia and leukaemia: A prospective study of 1,625 patients with a note on the very high incidence of stomach cancer
Authors: Blackburn E. K. , Callender S. T. , Dacie J. V. , Doll R. , Girdwood R. H. , Mollin D. L. , Saracci R. , Stafford J. L. , Thompson R. B. , Varadi S. , Wetherley‐Mein G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral patients with pernicious anaemia have been reported to have developed leukaemia and the suggestion has been made that the two diseases are aetiologically associated.Sixteen hundred and twenty‐five patients attending eight pernicious anaemia clinics were, therefore, followed from the time of their first attendance to 1 January, 1964, and the observed numbers of deaths from different causes compared with the numbers that would have been expected if the patients had suffered the mortality rates experienced in the country as a whole.Analysis of the results showed that the data recorded before 1959 were probably biased by the selective inclusion of patients who had survived. Between 1959 and 1963, the number of deaths was significantly increased for pernicious anaemia (14 against 0.7 expected) and for cancer of the stomach (29 against 7.3 expected). Three deaths were attributed to leukaemia against 0.9 expected. For other causes the observed and the expected mortalities were similar (270 and 294.1).Six other patients in the series are known to have developed leukaemia—3 dying of the disease before 1959—and it is concluded that patients who are under treatment for pernicious anaemia have a slightly increased risk of dying of leukaemia.In most of the patients who developed both diseases the leukaemia was of the myeloid type (15 out of a total of 21 reported previously or in this series).
Development of immunocytes and immunoglobulin production in long‐term cultures from normal and malignant human lymph nodes
Authors: Nilsson Kenneth , Pontén Jan , Philipson L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen human lymph nodes have been grown in vitro. Cells from seven of the nodes eventually developed into apparently permanent lines dominated by cells resembling lymphoblasts.When the results are combined with a previously published series (Pontén, 1967) no difference is found between the frequency at which the phenomenon occurs in lymph nodes obtained from patients without known malignancy (group L), from nodes draining carcinomas (group C), or from malignant lymphomas (group M). It is concluded that the spontaneous establishment of permanent lymphoid cell lines is a characteristic of human lymphoid tissue in general and that no relationship to malignant lymphoma has been proved. A random fibroblastoid growth, apparently unrelated to the appearance of a secondary lymphoid cell production phase, was observed in eight cases, seven of which belonged to group M or C.Five of seven lines were tested repeatedly for globulin production by immunoelectrophoresis and immunoprecipitation combined with autoradiography. Four lines produced immunoglobulins of the IgG type; the fifth, obtained from a tuberculous node, synthesized IgA. Each cell line produced only one detectable molecular species, suggesting a monoclonal origin of the immunoglobulins. The light chains were exclusively of the kappa type, whereas the heavy chains differed with respect to their subgroup specificity.
Acceleration of leukemogenesis in akr mice by grafts, cell suspensions, and cell‐free centrifugates of thymuses from preleukemic akr donors
Authors: Nishizuka Yasuaki , Nakakuki Kazuya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrafting of 5‐month‐old thymuses of AKR mice into young adult AKR and (AKR x SL)F1 recipients shortened markedly the latent period for leukemia development, but thymus grafts from 3‐ and 1‐month‐old AKR mice had no accelerating effect. Transplantation assay of early lymphomas appearing in (AKR x SL)F1 mice revealed that almost all the neoplasms were derived from F1 host cells. Intraperitoneal injections of thymus cell suspensions made from 5‐month‐old AKR mice also caused acceleration of leukemogenesis. Cell‐free centrifugates prepared from 5‐month‐old AKR mouse thymuses had a striking accelerating activity on early development of leukemia when injected intraperitoneally into isologous newborn mice. The centrifugates from 3‐month‐old thymuses had an intermediate activity but the centrifugates from 1‐month‐old thymuses had no activity. The centrifugates made similarly from AKR mouse spleens at various time points during the preleukemic stage did not show accelerating activity. Intrathymic injection of the centrifugates from 5‐month‐old thymuses was more effective in accelerating leukemia development than intraperitoneal injection of the same material.These results indicate that thymuses of 5‐month‐old AKR mice may contain a large quantity of leukemia viruses and, further, that the latent period may represent the time necessary for the development of an effective concentration of leukemia virus.
Friend virus‐induced transplantable tumors of C57Bl/6 origin containing unusually minute amounts of infectious virus
Authors: Odaka Takeshi , Ikawa Yoji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA transplantable solid tumor and its ascites variant were established from a graft of the enlarged spleen of a C57B1/6 mouse which had been infected with Friend virus shortly after birth. Repeated virus assays on these tumors were mostly negative. The virus content of the tumors was not more than one thousandth of that of the tumors which had been induced by the same virus in A and DDD mice. Under an electron microscope, the chance of observing viral particles in these tumor cells was extremely small. The inoculation of viable ascites tumor cells into allogeneic DDD mice induced neither tumor growth nor generalized leukemia, leaving specific resistance against the subsequent challenge of a histocompatible Friend virus‐induced tumor. A single intraperitoneal injection of 2.0 × 107 ascites cells sufficed to retard or suppress the growth of tumor cells used for the test challenge. The use of C57B1/6 mice for the study of Friend leukemia is discussed.
Biological, pathological and physical characterization of a possible variant of a murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)
Authors: Chirigos M. A. , Scott D. , Turner W. , Perk K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biological characteristics of a sarcoma virus and the pathogenesis of the disease induced by it are described. The present agent was derived from a transplantable rhabdomyosarcoma originally induced by the murine sarcoma virus (Moloney).Splenomegaly and mean latent period to death of the host were found to be dependent upon initiating virus dose. Various dilutions of the virus inoculated by four different routes resulted in a high incidence of tumor induction, progressive splenomegaly and subsequent death of the recipients.Of six strains of adult mice tested, three, i.e., BALB/c, DBA/2, and Swiss, were found to be susceptible. All six strains were susceptible when inoculated as newborns. Splenomegaly and viremia were detected in adult BALB/c mice as early as 7 days after infection.Intraperitoneal virus inoculation of adult mice resulted in an early and progressive viremia, and neoplastic involvement of the spleen, lymph nodes, and striated musculature. The histological and ultra‐structural appearance of these tumors suggested that this neoplasm may be classified as an undifferentiated sarcoma.The biological characteristics and pathological changes occurring in animals inoculated with this virus are in certain respects similar, but not identical, to those of miceinoculated with Moloney and Harvey murine sarcoma virus isolates. Physical properties of the virus are discussed.
High carcinogenic activity of mono‐, di‐, and trimethyl‐benzo (a) pyrene
Authors: Lacassagne A. , Zajdela F. , Buu‐Hoï N. P. , Chalvet O. , Daub G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThéoriquement, il existe 12 dérivés monoalkylés et 66 dérivés dialkylés du benzo (a) pyrène correspondant à un groupement alkyle déterminé, pour neparler que des substituants les plus simples.The carcinogenicity of 14 mono‐, di‐, and trimethylated benzo(a)pyrenes has been investigated. The majority exhibit highly pronounced sarcomagenic properties both with regard to the percentage of animals producing tumours, and to the latency period. Many of these homologues are distinctly more active than the non‐substituted benzo(a)pyrene.Comparison of these experimental results with the theoretical calculations of the electronic charge of the K‐zone, together with the determination of the electronegativities of K‐zone complexes, shows a satisfactory correlation. It can be predicted that the introduction of more than three methyl groups into the molecule ofbenzo(a)pyrene will probably lead to the loss of carcinogenicity.
Tricycloquinazoline carcinogenesis: Interaction of carcinogen with mouse skin proteins
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Moore M. , Partridge M. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollowing topical application of tricycloquinazoline‐14C (0.03 μM) to mice, radioactivity was covalently bound to soluble and particulate skin proteins. The maximum level of binding to soluble proteins (equivalent to 4.2×10−6 μM TCQ/mg) was reached after 24 hours and that to particulate proteins (2.5×10−6 μM TCQ/mg) after 48 hours. These binding levels are lower than those observed with carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic hydrocarbons studied under similar conditions. Treatment with doses of tricycloquinazoline greater than 0.03 μM did not produce increased levels of binding. The radioactivity associated with proteins was liberated following treatments (4 N KOH or 6 N HCl) which extensively degrade proteins. None of this radioactive material was identifiable as unchanged tricycloquinazoline. In the soluble proteins, radioactivity was bound almost exclusively to protein having the mobility of albumin whilst no significant radioactivity was associated with h proteins.
Effets de l'iodoacétamide sur les cellules de la leucémie virale de rauscher. Effects of iodoacetamide on cells of rauscher virus leukaemia
Authors: Jasmin C. , Piton C. , Rosenfeld C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIodoacetamide reduces the leukaemogenic properties of the Rauscher leukaemia virus, by direct contact in vitro. Murine leukaemic spleen cells incubated for 1 hour at 37° C in vitro can immunize isogeneic mice against the Rauscher virus.The mechanism of action of this product is discussed: 1) action by direct contact on the leukaemogenic properties of the virus; 2) cellular toxicity of the product which modifies the viral reproduction by treated cells; 3) action on the antigenicity of the treated cells.
Studies on carcinogenesis by avian sarcoma viruses: VIII. Glycolysis and cell multiplication
Authors: Temin Howard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlycolysis and multiplication were studied in parallel cultures of uninfected and of avian sarcoma virus‐converted chicken and duck cells. It was found that:.1. In cultures where the amount of serum was limiting for cell multiplication, converted cells multiplied more and glycolyzed more than did uninfected cells. In both types of cultures, the relationship between the rates of glycolysis and of multiplication per culture was similar.2. In cultures with excess serum and other nutrients, converted cells and uninfected cells multiplied and glycolyzed at the same rate.
Prolonged lactation in mice and its effect on mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProlongation of lactation was induced by litter replacement in MTV‐infected (♀ C3H × ♂ O20) F 1 mice, each bearing two pituitary isografts under the kidney capsule. Measurement of litter‐growth revealed that milk production occurs in cycles of 2–3 weeks' duration.Examination of intact and thelectomized mammary glands during prolonged lactation suggested that in the thelectomized glands there exists an “alveolar cycle”. Recently proliferated alveoli reached a size comparable to that of those in the intact lactating glands. Following distension without milk removal degenerative changes and pigment deposition occurred. It is believed that proliferation occurs in the thelectomized glands because of the presence of fat tissue. In the non‐lactating mice, also bearing pituitary grafts, the size of the alveoli was smaller.Following a regression period it was observed that thelectomized glands contained hyperplastic nodules and pigment. In the contralateral intact glands, which had a lactation history, pigment was absent and only a few nodules were seen. Hyperplastic nodules were always devoid of pigment.Tumours appeared with the same rapidity in intact glands of non‐lactating mice and in thelectomized glands of both lactating and non‐lactating mice. Tumorigenesis was retarded only in the lactating glands. Thelectomy had no effect on tumorigenesis in non‐lactating mice.It is postulated that lactation inhibits noduligenesis and thus tumorigenesis by protecting the gland against the growth‐stimulating effect of hormones.On a observé qu'après une période de régression les glandes thélectomisées contenaient des nodules hyperplasiques et du pigment. Dans les glandes controlatérales intactes qui avaient produit du lait, le pigment était absent et on ne trouvait qu'un petit nombre de nodules. Il n'y avait jamais de pigment dans les nodules hyperplasiques.l'auteur émet L'HYPothèse que la lactation inhibe la formation des nodules et des tumeurs en protégeant la glande contre la stimulation de croissance produite par les hormones.
Cancer in the natal african and indian 1964‐66
Authors: Schonland Mary , Bradshaw Evelyn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA survey has been carried out covering the years 1964–1966 to obtain the cancer incidence for Africans and Indians of the metropolitan area of Durban, Natal.Tables of comparison of the standardized cancer morbidity rates between Durban Africans, Durban Indians, Durban Hindus, Durban Moslems, Johannesburg Africans (1954) and English resident in England (four regions) are given.All rates used in this paper are standardized against the African Standard Population (Doll et al., 1966).The overall cancer incidence in Durban Africans of both sexes and Durban Indian females is as high as for most westernized countries. Indian males have a low overall cancer incidence which is not readily explained.The commonest male African cancers are at the sites of oesophagus, lung and liver; oesophageal and lung cancer rates show a tendency to rise.The commonest female cancer in both Africans and Indians is cancer of the cervix uteri. In addition, Indian females appear to be prone to cancers of the whole alimentary tract. This tendency is even more pronounced among Moslem women, who also are much more subject to breast cancers than Hindu women.
Electron microscopic study of virus particles in reproductive organs of mice inoculated with leukemia virus (Moloney)
Authors: Chopra Harish C. , Durr Frederick E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltra‐thin sections of various reproductive organs of BALB/c mice inoculated with Moloney leukemia virus were examined in the electron microscope. Various tissues such as testis, seminal vesicles, prostate, vas deferens, vas efferens, epididymis and ovary revealed the presence of a considerable number of virus particles similar in appearance to those observed in spleen, thymus and bone marrow of leukemic mice. A large number of virus particles were seen budding into the ducts of vas deferens and vas efferens. These morphological studies may point to the possibility that virus produced by infected cells of the male reproductive organs is released into the semen and under suitable circumstances may be transmitted to normal females at coitus through seminal fluid.
Virus particles in bone marrow megakaryocytes and susceptibility of mice to virus‐induced leukemia
Authors: Pennelli N. , Chieco‐Bianchi L. , Tridente G. , Fiore‐Donati L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBone marrow megakaryocytes from mice injected with Graffi or Passage A Gross viruses were studied by electron microscopy in order to establish a possible correlation between the presence of virus particles and the susceptibility of mice to leukemia induction. An appreciable number of virus particles were found in megakaryocytes from C57BL mice injected with Graffi virus at birth. In these animals there was a high incidence of leukemia. Negative results on the presence of virus particles as well as leukemia induction were obtained in mice of the same strain injected with the virus at adult age. Similarly, with Gross Passage A virus injected at birth into both C3Hf/Gs and C57BL mice, virus particles were found in megakaryocytes from mice of the C3Hf/Gs strain which is susceptible to leukemia induction. Virus particles were not found in megakaryocytes from C57BL mice which are resistant to the leukemogenic action of this virus.
Studies on cancer relative frequencies (ratio studies): A method for computing an age‐standardized cancer ratio
Authors: Tuyns A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComparisons between series of cancer cases are difficult in the absence of population data; to facilitate such comparisons the use of an age‐standardized cancer ratio (ASCAR) is proposed. When gross differences appear between crude ratios, the use of the age‐corrected ratio enables a distinction to be made between a difference due to age effect and one that is potentially significant.
Tyrosine utilization by pigmented hamster melanoma cells cultured in vitro
Authors: Ulrich Kay , Tritsch George L. , Moore George E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pigmented hamster melanoma cell line MM No. 2 (RPMI No. 3460), cultured in vitro for more than two years, showed a very high utilization of tyrosine in the culture medium as compared to a non‐pigmented hamster melanoma cell line 3AA (RPMI No. 1856). The MM No. 2 cells used from 2.4 to 8.3 × 10−9 μmoles/cell/hr, and the 3AA cells used from 0.1 to 2.9 × 10−9 μmoles/cell/hr of tyrosine. Phenylalanine was not converted to tyrosine in any appreciable amounts at any levels of tyrosine in the medium. Increasing amounts of melanin were synthesized by the MM No. 2 cells cultured at increasing levels of tyrosine. The biosynthesis of melanin was maximal at a concentration of 0.60 mM of tyrosine in the medium and did not increase further if the tyrosine content was increased beyond this value. A higher tyrosine concentration than commonly employed in culture media thus seems necessary to secure a maximal melanin biosynthesis in a culture of cells capable of melanin formation. Melanin biosynthesis first began after 3 to 6 days of culture, probably coinciding with the cessation of cell multiplication in the cultures, supporting the concept that cell multiplication and differentiated function are antagonistic processes.
MODIFICATIONS DU MÉTABOLISME GLUCIDIQUE DANS LE FOIE EN VOIE DE CANCÉRISATION PAR LE DIMÉTHYLAMINOAZOBENZÈNE II. MODIFICATION DE L'IMPORTANCE DE LA VOIE EMBDEN‐MEYERHOF
Authors: Jacob Arlette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDans le but d'expliquer l'hypoglycémie croissante observée durant la cancérisation du tissu hépatique par le DAB, nous avons mesuré les activités des enzymesöclés de la voie Embden‐Meyerhof: glucokinase, phosphofructokinase et pyruvate‐kinase. Toutes ces activités diminuent en valeur absolue.En comparant les activités de la glucokinase et de la phosphofructokinase avec celles de la glucose‐6‐phosphatase et de la fructose‐1,6‐diphosphatase, on s'aperçoit que la dégradation des glucides prend une importance croissante sur leur formation, au cours de la cancérisation.En outre, une fraction accrue des glucides emprunte la voie des pentose phosphates. On discute la signification de ce fait.
The influence of nitrogen mustard upon the establishment of lung metastases following injection of intravenous autologous cells in the benzo(A)pyrene‐induced rat fibrosarcoma
Authors: Cobb L. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen rats bearing a chemically induced tumour were treated with methyldi (β‐chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride (HN2), a higher percentage developed lung “metastases” than in a series of untreated controls. Because the primary benzo (a)‐pyrene‐induced fibrosarcoma does not metastasize spontaneously, lung “metastases” were induced by removing all but 250 mg of the primary tumour and re‐injecting an estimated 106 live cells intravenously. Macroscopic and/or microscopic lung metastases were identified in 23% (7/31) of the control animals at the time the experiment was terminated (day 36). The incidence of rats with lung metastases was increased to 79% (23/29) if the rats were treated with HN2. The HN2 was given at the maximum tolerated dose on days 0, 3, 6, 12, 15 and 18 and the cells prepared from the primary tumour and re‐injected on day 9. HN2 produced a gradual fall in the peripheral lymphocytes, reaching 37% of the initial value by day 18. The possible relationship between the HN2‐induced fall in peripheral lymphocytes and the increased incidence of lung metastases is discussed.