bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method for establishing electronystagmograms for normal humans subjected to caloric stimulation
Authors: Nagle Duane W. , Anderson Ernest G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to develop a method to determine how the eyes actually move in normal subjects, separately and in concert, in response to a given vestibular stimulus, that is, to develop a method of establishing electro‐nystagmogram norms for normal subjects.A data acquisition system utilizing DC recordings was designed and built. The horizontal and vertical movement of each eye was measured independently utilizing a four‐channel DC system. Two two‐channel DC strip chart recorders were used for immediate visualization and also a seven‐channel data acquisition system which is capable of changing analog information into digital form. This information is recorded on magnetic tape which can be fed as data into a digital computer.A computer program was developed which identified all nystagmus cycles and statistically established different values for the characteristics deemed necessary to the establishment of normal electro‐nystagmograms. The program also determines the correlation coefficient of the eye movement of the two eyes during caloric stimulation of a single labyrinth.Since no prior knowledge was assumed as to how the eyes would respond to a given stimulus to the vestibular organ, the position of the electrical axis of the eye must be known at all times. This was documented by recording the circumferential movement of the eye on a duel channel, duel trace storage oscilloscope and photographing the resulting trace.Preliminary data from a limited number of normal patients are shown to indicate order of magnitudes of the characteristics previously mentioned. This data also indicated that the characteristics of a normal electro‐nystagmogram were not affected by the temperature of the water used in the caloric stimulation.
Surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.
Authors: Whicker James H. , Desanto Lawrence W. , Devine Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOne hundred two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue were treated by surgery. The grade of the tumor did not influence survival; however, survival was influenced by the stage of the disease and the operation selected. Operations that provided wider access decreased the incidence of local recurrence. Of the 102 patients, 23 percent required either total or partial laryngectomy. The survival curves of the 23 patients suggest that management of the larynx is a key factor in treating larger cancers. Overall, the five‐year survival rate for the 102 patients was 42 percent. Surgery is the treatment of choice in squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue.
Combined radiation therapy and surgery for carcinoma of the supraglottis and pyriform sinus.
Authors: Wang C. C. , Schulz M. D. , Miller D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFollowing a review of the most recently accepted TNM system for glottic carcinoma and for supraglottic carcinoma as recently reported out by the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging, a review of our work with glottic carcinoma and with supraglottic carcinoma is now presented. It was felt that T‐3 and T‐4 glottic carcinoma simulated T‐3 and T‐4 supraglottic carcinoma, although the latter is more likely to have cervical metastasis.Conclusions of our work using 5,500 rads pre‐operatively for supraglottic carcinoma resulted in a 90 percent three‐year cure rate for T‐1 lesions, 79 percent cure rate for T‐2 lesions, 63 percent cure rate for T‐3 lesions and a 33 percent cure rate for T‐4 lesions. On the basis of our pathological studies and a follow‐up on the patients the conclusion was reached that T‐1, N‐0 or T‐2, N‐0 supraglottic carcinoma should be treated with radical radiation therapy with curative objective. For the T‐3 lesions with border line radiocurability a trial course of radiotherapy should be attempted. If the tumor shows satisfactory regression to a dose level of 4,500 rads of radiation therapy it should be continued to a curative dose level, and surgery should be reserved for radiation failures. On the other hand, if the tumor response to radiation is poor and if the tumor is large and extensive or deeply ulcerated as in T‐3 and T‐4 lesions which are often associated with lymph node metastasis, a planned combined approach of radiation and surgery is advised.
Symposium on trauma in otolaryngology. IV. Management of injuries to the larynx and trachea.
Authors: Harris Herbert H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed an accelerated number of laryngeal and tracheal injuries. The present decade may see a rapid decline due to more safety devices on automobiles and a cessation of the military conflict.A format has been recognized and accepted for the management of these injuries by many who have been interested and contributed to this subject. Open repair, internal splinting with a soft stent fixed to the thyroid cartilage, and often a split‐thickness skin graft to cover the raw areas is the choice of most.In automobile accidents the type of injury usually falls into one of five categories: a. supraglottic tears and fractures; b. transglottic injuries; c. cricoid fractures; d. evulsion of the trachea from the cricoid; and e. lacerations or tears of the trachea.Laceration by knives and small caliber gun shot wounds usually requires a laryngofissure for exposure and repair of the defect. Schrapnel wounds and blunt missile injuries with loss of skin and cartilage should be repaired immediately with a transfer of bone or cartilage in a pedicle skin flap.
Acoustic trauma of sportsman hunter due to gun firing
Authors: Odess John S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA historical review of acoustic trauma is presented with documented proof of resulting hearing loss and established damage risk criteria for both steady state and impulse noise.A detailed evaluation of impulse noise produced by the weapons and ammunition most frequently used by the sportsman hunter revealed that only a few of the rim firing tests fell short of the damage risk criteria for impulse noise. The muzzle energy exerts the greatest effect on the peak sound pressure level.It is demonstrated that modification of the barrel of the firearm lowered the acoustical energy as much as 97.5 percent. Since most sportsmen hunters decline the use of ear defenders to protect their ears, this method is proposed as an alternative for the conservation of their hearing.
Rhinocerebral phycomycosis (mucorymycosis)
Authors: Stephan T. , Busis S. N. , Arena S. , Khurana R. C. , Danowski T. S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old female, admitted with diabetic Ketoacidosis, was found to have rhinocerebral phycomycosis involving the hard palate with perforation into the maxillary antrum and extension to and loss of the left eye. She survived following extensive debridement and administration of Amphotericin‐B, but the relative contribution of each to her recovery was not established.
Cryosurgery for the treatment of chronic rhinitis
Authors: Ozenberger James M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn 1970, cryosurgery was reported as effective treatment for chronic rhinitis.1 Since that time, several hundred patients have been treated with better results, almost no complications, and simplification of the techniques. Improved equipment, selection of patients, probe application, replacement of Freon with Nitrous Oxide as the cooling agent, and prevention of complications have been reported.5 Similar success has been reported by colleagues here and in England.4 Subjective and objective evaluation after three to four years suggests the superiority of this technique. While relief of obstruction is almost certain, even in the few patients for whom more than one treatment has been necessary, rhinorrhea and sneezing are not always relieved by simply destroying diseased mucosa. More recently, as a result of reports of relief of the latter symptoms by vidian nerve section,2,3 patients have been treated with a “hooked” nasal probe positioned on branches of the nerves at the spheno‐palatine foramen, either at the time of turbinectomy or later. The latter procedure is not considered to destroy the nerves permanently and is considered a “treatment” because nerves regenerate. At present cryosurgery is frequently used when mucosal disease results in “failure” of nasal septal surgery and as a complement of conventional reconstructive surgery. Relatively inexpensive Nitrous Oxide cryoprobes should make the technique available for most otolaryngologists.
Mass spectrometric observations of skin flap physiology
Authors: Toomey James M. , Wilson William R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMass spectrometric determination of tissue Po2 and Pco2 levels was carried out in a series of experimental single pedicle skin flaps. The skin incisions caused only a small and transient rise in Po2 and a lesser fall in Pco2 values. In the first two and one half hours after elevation flap Po2 levels were decreased and Pco2 levels increased to a progressively greater degree from the base to the distal end of the flap studied. During the subsequent hour the Po2Pco2 reading from the distal end of the flap stabilized, the proximal flap Pco2 return to baseline values and the proximal Po2 continued to decline gradually.These findings are felt to reflect ischemia and/or altered metabolism of flap tissues. Further studies are planned to clarify this and other aspects of flap physiology.
Hyperlipoproteinemias in the etiology of inner ear disease
Authors: Spencer James T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper is the report of a study of 300 patients with symptoms or findings indicative of the presence of inner ear disease who were studied and tested by lipoprotein phenotyping, and an incidence of 42.33 percent was found to have clearly defined hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) on the basis of the laboratory tests with an additional 8.66 percent whose tests were presumptive enough to permit their classification as being hyperlipoproteinemic. Hyperlipoproteinemia has its greatest clinical significance in that its correlation with coronary artery disease (CAD) makes its early detection and subsequent treatment, at least by dietary control, most important in preventing the excessive mortality from atherosclerosis and its complications. The statistically high incidence of HLP in the 300 patients reported in this paper, who had either or both cochlear and vestibular symptoms, adds further credence to the work, observations, and reports of Rosen, whose epidemiological studies show a high correlation of hearing loss with elevated cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease in those population groups whose dietary intake of saturated fats is high.Otologists now need to join hands with the internists and pediatricians in seeking an early diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemia. In so doing, a metabolic abnormality which apparently leads to labyrinthine dysfunction, coronary artery disease, and other related illnesses may be better controlled. May nutritionists also take note, as it is very apparent that what people are eating may not be good for them for, as Lucretius wrote in 55 B.C. in his treatise, “De Rerum Natura,” “One man's meat is another man's poison.”
Acute laryngeal injury with short‐term endotracheal anesthesia
Authors: Komorn Robert M. , Smith Courtland P. , Erwin Jack R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEndotracheal intubation provides an excellent way of controlling a patient's airway. Except in long term intubation, where pressure necrosis, secondary infection and cicatrix formation are known causes of complications, an endotracheal tube is usually not considered a significant laryngeal hazard.The following case reports of arytenoid dislocation, laryngeal laceration, pseudomembrane formation and vocal cord paralysis, illustrate the etiology and clinical problems that result from unsuspected laryngeal injury following elective short‐term endotracheal intubation for anesthetic purposes. Because most post‐extubation symptoms are thought to be caused by edema, the larynx is rarely examined, and the patient's symptoms are either ignored or treated with some combination of cold steam, steroids and antibiotics. Diagnosis and management of these injuries, is frequently compromised or delayed until either the symptoms persist for five to seven days or until airway obstruction, severe pain or aphonia develop.
The cartilage‐perichondrium graft in the treatment of posterior tympanic membrane retraction pockets
Authors: Linde Richard E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAs the progress in modern ear surgery continues it is becoming apparent that the integrity of the scutum, the posterior‐superior canal wall annular rim and the bony chordal eminence play vital roles in the prevention of posterior tympanic membrane retraction pockets.1,2,3,4,5 A dehiscence of any or all of these structures, coincident with eustachian tube dysfunction and posterior tympanic membrane retraction, can lead to destruction of the incudo‐stapedial joint complex with or without cholesteatoma formation. Hearing loss is the most common sequala.The purpose of this paper is to describe the cartilage‐perichondrium graft repair of the posterior‐superior canal wall bony structures, as developed by the late Dr. Frederick Guilford, and to discuss the associated treatment of posterior tympanic membrane retraction pockets.The cartilage‐perichondrium graft is obtained at surgery from the posterior conchal region. The cartilage is fashioned to fit the dehiscent bone in the posterior‐superior canal wall segment. The perichondrium supports the cartilage and is used to repair any tympanic membrane perforation.Ten cases are presented in which the cartilage‐perichondrium graft was used. No posterior tympanic membrane retraction pockets were noted in follow‐up of these cases.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear region: A long‐term survival
Authors: Webb Blair M. , Mcfarland James J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma of the ear region has been considered uniformly lethal. In view of this, two cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the ear region are presented. Each occurred within the first four years of life. The first case was one of a two‐year‐old male with rhabdomyosarcoma of the mastoid area invading the lateral portion of the dura. He was treated with radical neck dissection and wide local excision of the tumor, including resection of dura and grafting of the defect; he also received Velban, Vincristine, and Cytoxan. He is alive and free of disease 96 months after the initial diagnosis.The second case was one of a three and one half year old male who had alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the post‐auricular region of the right ear. This was treated with radical neck dissection, radical local excision and an 18‐month course of Vincristine and Actinomycin D. This patient is alive and free of disease 25 months after the original diagnosis.It is encouraging that we have one long‐term survivor and one survivor of over two years, from a disease previously considered as uniformly lethal. Awareness by the otologist of the presence of this tumor and attention to the child in the first decade of life presenting with an apparent suppurative ear disease with unusual lack of systemic systems, particularly when associated with a facial nerve paralysis, will lead to earlier diagnosis and more vigorous treatment. Perhaps more of these children can be salvaged with the combination of early diagnosis, radical surgical removal and chemotherapy.
Ultrastructure of the polysaccharide nose: Its relationship to allergy and carbohydrate dysfunction
Authors: Smith Maynard P. , Frable William J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecently, the senior author (M. P. S.)1 presented a study which offered clinical evidence for a correlation between nasal polyps and an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. Patients presenting the typical “allergic” nose with pale, edematous mucous membranes demonstrated few positive allergic reactions but frequently showed some carbohydrate dysfunction. Over half of these patients had a family history of diabetes mellitus. A common finding in the patients studied was a pale nasal mucosa, the paleness seemingly attributable to a polysaccharide abnormality rather than to an atopy.The present research was initiated in an effort to elucidate the etiology of the pale nasal mucosa. Biopsies of nine patients with pale mucous membranes were taken and analyzed by means of electron microscopy in order to relate clinical and ultrastructural findings. The most striking result was lamination in basement membrane structure. Specifically, membrane thickness and lamination were more prominent in those patients with a positive family history of diabetes; furthermore, multiple membrane duplication was particularly outstanding in those individuals demonstrating an abnormal glucose tolerance. Although clinical evidence has strongly indicated that paleness results from vascular changes as well as from an accumulation of polysaccharides in the nasal ground substance, no positive correlation could be made between the degree of paleness and the multiplicity of lamination. Several factors were suggested which may have limited the probability of showing a significant correlation: the small sample of patients studied, the relatively small amount of biopsy material obtained, and perhaps most important, the unpredictable variability in paleness.The authors suggest that a carbohydrate dysfunction could explain the physical changes observed in the basement membranes. A high glucose level would increase the availability of substrate to the cells involved in basement membrane synthesis, resulting in increased concentrations of free glucose and of glucose‐galactose disaccharides in the glycoproteins of the membrane material. The abnormally high percentage of glucose in the molecules could lead to structural defects in the basement membrane which would no doubt substantially interfere with its function as a filtration barrier. Vascular changes are not always related to the duration or the severity of the disease; thus, statistically, hypertrophy or lamination of the basement membrane would not necessarily correlate with the extent of carbohydrate dysfunction.
An electromyographic study of recurrent laryngeal nerve conduction and its clinical applications
Authors: Atkins Joseph P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElectromyographic techniques were used to study laryngeal nerve conduction in dogs and in man. The data obtained confirmed that there is a 2–5 msec difference in latency between the left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Conduction velocities were determined by actual measurement in dogs and calculated from known anatomic data in humans.Conduction velocity in both species was the same bilaterally. The actual value varied, depending upon the site of stimulation. It is slower the more distal the stimulating cathode is placed. Proximal conduction velocity is approximately 65 M/sec. Distal conduction velocity approximately 30 M/sec. Study of bilateral activity indicated that the onset of electrical activity is simultaneous ± 5 msec.Following simultaneous bilateral vagus nerve stimulation there is a time lag of 3 msec, in the onset of electrical activity in the right and left recurrent laryngeal muscles. Since vocalization does not occur until 350–400 msec after onset of electrical activity in the laryngeal muscle, it is felt that, in comparison, 3 msec is an insignificant difference in symmetry. In addition phonation is a function of subglottic pressure and tension in the vocal cord and not muscular vibration; therefore, there is no physiologic reason for nerve impulses to arrive simultaneously in the adductor muscles.Electromyography and nerve conduction studies can lead to greater precision in diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal disorders. The study can be done with little or no morbidity and the equipment is easily available. It is recommended for studying patients with disorders of voice that could have a neurologic basis.
Post‐radiation perichondritis and cartilage necrosis of the larynx
Authors: Mcgovern Francis H. , Fitz‐Hugh J. Slaughter , Constable William 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUnder certain circumstances laryngeal cartilage damage following radiation therapy can take place. Two cases of post‐radiation perichondritis with cartilage necrosis are reported, and the factors predisposing to its development, the methods of treatment, and the techniques of radiation therapy are discussed. The danger of repeated intralaryngeal manipulation in the radiation patient is stressed. The authors advise that T1N0 and T2N0 laryngeal lesion be treated with 6,000 rads over a three to five‐week period. Homogeneity is achieved in the treated volume by employing wedged filters. Surgery is advised in T3 or larger lesions usually after preoperative cobalt radiation.
Superior vestibular and “singular nerve” section — Animal and clinical studies
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , Makimoto Kazuo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThree patients are presented who experienced improved hearing for one month following a middle cranial fossa superior vestibular and “singular nerves” section.Depriving the vestibular labyrinth of its blood supply results in severe degeneration of the ampulla of the three semicircular canals and macula of the utricle, complete reversal of the sodium‐potassium ratio of the vestibular endolymph and elevation of vestibular endolymph and perilymph protein concentrations.If the blood supply is preserved denervation of either the cochlea or vestibular labyrinth does not result in degeneration of the sense organs or alterations in the biochemistry of the inner ear fluids.The cochlea appears normal histologically and cochlear endolymph has normal sodium‐potassium ion concentration after cutting the superior and “singular nerves” with accompanying vessels.This may be the first evidence that vestibular endolymph is secreted in the vestibular system and is independent of cochlear endolymph.The marked biochemical and histological changes observed in the vestibular labyrinth after cutting the superior vestibular and “singular nerves” with their blood supply in the internal auditory canal may have an effect on the clinical course of Ménière's disease.
Development and cell kinetics of the kreisler (kr/kr) mouse
Authors: Ruben Robert J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe abnormal development of the inner ear of the homozygotic kreisler mouse was studied. The abnormality noted was a lack of flattening of the caudolateral wall of the 11‐day otocyst. As the cell kinetics of the 11‐day homozygotic otocyst was determined, the 11‐day kreisler otocyst was found to have a shortened cell cycle.
Otological manifestations of leukemia
Authors: Paparella Michael M. , Berlinger Norman T. , Oda Makoto , El Fiky Fakhry 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe authors have been fortunate to study the currently largest single series of temporal bones from patients with various forms of leukemia, including the first reported cases of erythroleukemia. Histologically, the middle ear showed leukemic infiltration and/or hemorrhage much more frequently than did the inner ear or external auditory canal. No sound relationship exists between the anatomical location of hemorrhage in the temporal bone and clinical otological symptomatology. A better relationship exists between the anatomical site of leukemic infiltration of the temporal bone and clinical otological symptomatology. Twenty percent of these patients experienced otological complications directly attributable to their leukemia. An additional 28 percent of these patients experienced clinical otological problems for which a leukemic etiology could not be definitely established by histopathological study of their temporal bones. Otological complications occurred most frequently in patients with the acute forms of leukemia, and specifically, in acute lymphocytic leukemia.