bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational molecular design of efficient yellow-red dendrimer TADF for solution-processed OLEDs: a combined effect of substitution position and strength of the donors
Authors: Si Changfeng , Sun Dianming , Matulaitis Tomas , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Zysman-Colman Eli 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of high-performance solution-processed red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains a challenge, particularly in terms of maintaining efficiency at high luminance. Here, we designed and synthesized four novel orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dendrimers that are solution-processable: 2GCzBP, 2DPACzBP, 2FBP2GCz and 2FBP2DPACz. We systematically investigated the effect of substitution position and strength of donors on the optoelectronic properties. The reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC) of the emitters having donors substituted at positions 11 and 12 of the dibenzo[a,c]phenazine (BP) is more than 10-times faster than that of compounds substituted having donors substituted at positions 3 and 6. Compound 2DPACzBP, containing stronger donors than 2GCzBP, exhibits a red-shifted emission and smaller singlet-triplet energy splitting, ΔEST, of 0.01 eV. The solution-processed OLED with 10 wt% 2DPACzBP doped in mCP emitted at 640 nm and showed a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 7.8%, which was effectively maintained out to a luminance of 1,000 cd m−2. Such a device∙s performance at relevant display luminance is among the highest for solution-processed red TADF OLEDs. The efficiency of the devices was improved significantly by using 4CzIPN as an assistant dopant in a hyperfluorescence (HF) configuration, where the 2DPACzBP HF device shows an EQEmax of 20.0% at λEL of 605 nm and remains high at 11.8% at a luminance of 1,000 cd m−2, which makes this device one of the highest efficiency orange-to-red HF SP-OLEDs to date.
Effects of tree size and organ age on variations in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus koraiensis
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Jin Guangze , Liu Zhili 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are of fundamental importance for growth and nutrient dynamics within plant organs and deserve more attention at regional to global scales. However, our knowledge of how these nutrients vary with tree size, organ age, or root order at the individual level remains limited. We determined C, N, and P contents and their stoichiometric ratios (i.e., nutrient traits) in needles, branches, and fine roots at different organ ages (0–3-year-old needles and branches) and root orders (1st–4th order roots) from 64 Pinus koraiensis of varying size (Diameter at breast height ranged from 0.3 to 100 cm) in northeast China. Soil factors were also measured. The results show that nutrient traits were regulated by tree size, organ age, or root order rather than soil factors. At a whole-plant level, nutrient traits decreased in needles and fine roots but increased in branches with tree size. At the organ level, age or root order had a negative effect on C, N, and P and a positive effect on stoichiometric ratios. Our results demonstrate that nutrient variations are closely related to organ-specific functions and ecophysiological processes at an individual level. It is suggested that the nutrient acquisition strategy by younger trees and organ fractions with higher nutrient content is for survival. Conversely, nutrient storage strategy in older trees and organ fractions are mainly for steady growth. Our results clarified the nutrient utilization strategies during tree and organ ontogeny and suggest that tree size and organ age or root order should be simultaneously considered to understand the complexities of nutrient variations.
A systematic approach for simulation-based dimensioning of production systems during the concept phase of factory planning
Authors: Schäfer Louis , Klenk Felix , Maier Tanja , Zehner Marie , Peukert Sina , Linzbach Roman , Treiber Tilman , Lanza Gisela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to increasing globalization, market penetration, and technological progress, more products are becoming highly standardized and interchangeable. This has led to fierce price competition, forcing companies to compete for declining margins. To remain competitive in the long term, it is essential to consider both changeability and profitability during the early planning phases. The article proposes an approach for simulation studies using discrete-event simulation during the concept phase of factory planning. This approach aims to systematically dimension production resources while considering alternative scaling options, such as a higher degree of automation. By doing so, the approach facilitates the demand-oriented deployment of resources during the ramp-up phase, which helps to control and reduce manufacturing costs. The simulation experiments yield scaling paths that indicate the timing and quantity of resources required to meet changing demands. These paths form the basis for subsequent factory planning steps. For instance, the layout can incorporate the necessary space for a future automation solution that will be profitable, enabling faster adaptation to demand changes and securing competitive advantages. This is demonstrated in a use case where the approach was applied to the factory planning of a new production system for a sensor product family.
Dynamic Protective Factors Relevant to Sexual Offending
Authors: Thornton David , Willis Gwenda M. , Kelley Sharon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Focusing on protective factors rather than risk factors potentially better aligns assessment with strengths-based treatment. We examine research into the assessment of protective factors to see whether it can play this role relative to sexual offending.

Recent Findings
Structured asses sment of protective factors is well developed relative to violent offending but only recently studied relative to sexual offending. Nevertheless, multiple measures of protective factors have now been trialed with men who have committed sexual offenses and shown to predict reduced recidivism. Although research into individual scales is limited, overlapping content between scales suggests that protective factors aligning with constructs of Resilience, Adaptive Sexuality, and Prosocial Connection and Reward are all relevant to sexual offending.

Summary
Protective factors relevant to sexual offending are sufficiently well identified that they can usefully be used for treatment need assessment, treatment planning during therapy, and case management. They can also make some contribution to risk assessment. The Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors against Sexual Offending (SAPROF-SO) is currently the most comprehensive measure of protective factors relevant to sexual offending.
Effect of Different Karyophilic Peptides on Physical Characteristics and In Vitro Transfection Efficiency of Chitosan-Plasmid Nanoparticles as Nonviral Gene Delivery Systems
Authors: Aranda-Barradas María Eugenia , Coronado-Contreras Héctor Eduardo , Aguilar-Castañeda Yareli Lizbeth , Olivo-Escalante Karen Donají , González-Díaz Francisco Rodolfo , García-Tovar Carlos Gerardo , Álvarez-Almazán Samuel , Miranda-Castro Susana Patricia , Del Real-López Alicia , Méndez-Albores Abraham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA strategy to increase the transfection efficiency of chitosan-based nanoparticles for gene therapy is by adding nuclear localization signals through karyophilic peptides. Here, the effect of the length and sequence of these peptides and their interaction with different plasmids on the physical characteristics and biological functionality of nanoparticles is reported. The karyophilic peptides (P1 or P2) were used to assemble nanoparticles by complex coacervation with pEGFP-N1, pQBI25 or pSelect-Zeo-HSV1-tk plasmids, and chitosan. Size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphology, as well as in vitro nucleus internalization and transfection capability of nanoparticles were determined. The P2 nanoparticles resulted smaller compared to the ones without peptides or P1 for the three plasmids. In general, the addition of either P1 or P2 did not have a significant impact on the polydispersity index and the zeta potential. P1 and P2 nanoparticles were localized in the nucleus after 30 min of exposure to HeLa cells. Nevertheless, the presence of P2 in pEGFP-N1 and pQBI25 nanoparticles raised their capability to transfect and express the green fluorescent protein. Thus, karyophilic peptides are an efficient tool for the optimization of nonviral vectors for gene delivery; however, the sequence and length of peptides have an impact on characteristics and functionality of nanoparticles.
A systematic review of school refusal
Authors: Ulaş Sümeyye , Seçer İsmail 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsidering the problems associated with school attendance, school refusal is an adjustment problem that tends to become increasingly prevalent. The present study identifies the patterns reported in the literature on school refusal and outlines the structure and sub-components of school refusal. Therefore, the systematic review method was selected as the research method for this study. The data sources of this study consist of 40 research articles that fell within the purview of WoS and were either included or excluded according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Using MAXQDA 2020, both content and descriptive analyses were conducted in synthesizing the data sources. As a result of the analysis, the study year, method, data collection tool, data collection procedure, data analysis, and sample were examined as descriptive characteristics. Analyzing the content characteristics, five themes were identified: risk factors for school refusal, school refusal symptoms, school refusal protective factors, approaches, and techniques for intervention in school refusal, and consequences of school refusal. The findings are provided by discussing the related literature.
Understanding facilitators for assertiveness among college students in India – a qualitative study
Authors: Goel Arush , Padickaparambil Sebastian , Sreelakshmi Edavana Santhosh , Pothiyil Dan Isaac 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAssertiveness is the ability to be honest with one’s beliefs and interests while not denying the rights of others and includes behaviours like sharing one’s opinions, questioning ideas, being able to refuse request of others and firmly expressing one’s emotions without manipulation. Majority of Indians fall behind in being assertive due to various cultural factors and schemas they hold towards self and others. Since assertiveness impacts both the professional and social aspects of young adults, it is important to cultivate this behavior to take on the challenges faced. This study aimed to understand the factors which led to the development of assertive behaviour in college students despite the obstacles possessed. A qualitative descriptive design was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 college students from different parts of India who scored high on the Rathus Assertiveness Scale. The major themes which emerged were - facilitators for assertiveness, benefits of being assertive, obstacles to assertiveness, ways of performing assertive behaviour, and sex-based differences in assertiveness in the responses received and manner of being assertive. These findings can be implemented in assertiveness and communication skills training.
A resected case of pancreatic head cancer developing 40 years after lateral pancreaticojejunostomy for chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Matsumoto Takatsugu , Tanaka Genki , Mori Shozo , Niki Maiko , Sato Shun , Shiraki Takayuki , Iso Yukihiro , Nagashima Kazunori , Irisawa Atsushi , Nozawa Yumi , Takada-Owada Atsuko , Ishida Kazuyuki , Aoki Taku 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 72-year-old male patient presented to our department complaining of with upper abdominal pain and jaundice. He had a history of a side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy performed 40 years previously for chronic pancreatitis. A diagnostic workup revealed a tumor 3 cm in size in the pancreatic head as the etiology of the jaundice. Subsequently, the patient was diagnosed with resectable pancreatic cancer. Following two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an extended pancreatoduodenectomy was performed because of tumor invasion at the previous pancreaticojejunostomy site. Concurrent portal vein resection and reconstruction were performed. Pathological examination confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (T2N1M0, Stage IIB). This case highlights the clinical challenges in pancreatic head carcinoma following a side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy. Although pancreaticojejunostomy is believed to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis, clinicians should be aware that, even after this surgery, there is still a chance of developing pancreatic cancer during long-term follow-up.
Effects of physical soil and water conservation practices and slope gradient on soil physicochemical properties in northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Atinafu Mamaru , Getnet Kassie , Gojjam Amare 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoil erosion is the major factor that has contributed to the reduction of soil fertility in the highlands of Ethiopia. This factor is reduced by soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. Hence, this study evaluated the effects of physical SWC practices and slope gradient on the soil physicochemical properties in the Agemi watershed of northwestern Ethiopia. Farmland treated by SWC such as stone-faced soil bund (SFSB) and soil bund (SB), untreated farmland (control), and slope gradient were identified in the study area. About 27 composite soil samples were collected from the treated farmland and untreated farmland with three slope classes, including lower (5–10%), middle (10–15%), and upper slopes (> 15%). Soil physicochemical properties were analyzed using the SAS 9.4 software following two-way ANOVA procedures. The results of the study showed that the content of sand, clay, total porosity, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) were affected (p < 0.05) by SWC practices and slope gradient. The SWC practices such as SFSB have a higher mean value of soil physicochemical properties than SB and untreated farmland. As a result, farmland treated by SFSB improves soil physicochemical properties by reducing soil erosion. Therefore, SFSB should be implemented on untreated farmland to improve soil fertility in the study area.
Comprehensive pan-carcinoma analysis of ITGB1 distortion and its potential clinical significance for cancer immunity
Authors: Fei Yuchang , Wu Yulun , Chen Luting , Yu Huan , Pan Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe human protein-coding gene ITGB1 (Integrin 1), also known as CD29, has a length of 58048 base pairs. The Integrin family's most prevalent subunit, it participates in the transmission of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. A thorough examination of ITGB1's functions in human malignancies, however, is inadequate and many of their relationships to the onset and development of human cancers remain unknown. In this work, we examined ITGB1's role in 33 human cancers. Finally, a multi-platform analysis revealed that three of the 33 malignancies had significantly altered ITGB1 expression in tumor tissues in comparison to normal tissues. In addition, it was discovered through survival analysis that ITGB1 was a stand-alone prognostic factor in a number of cancers. ITGB1 expression was linked to immune cell infiltration in colon cancer, according to an investigation of immune infiltration in pan-cancer. In the gene co-expression research, ITGB1 showed a positive connection with the majority of the cell proliferation and EMT indicators, indicating that ITGB1 may have an essential function in controlling cancer metastasis and proliferation. Our pan-cancer analysis of ITGB1 gives evidence in favor of a further investigation into its oncogenic function in various cancer types.
Simulation and performance prediction of partially naturally fractured reservoirs under solution gas drive primary recovery and gas injection processes
Authors: Qasem Fuad H. , Nashawi Ibrahim Sami 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe study presented in this paper has multiple objectives. First, a simulation model for partially naturally fractured reservoirs under solution gas drive is developed. The model considers the major key parameters controlling fluid flow in the reservoir, including fracture intensity and distribution, instantaneous gas/oil segregation due to vertical capillary continuity, gas/oil gravity drainage, and reinfiltration of the drained oil to the lower matrix. Once the model is well-established, it is used to study the reservoir performance under two recovery processes: primary depletion and gas injection. A detailed investigation of the sensitivity of the ultimate oil recovery to the fracture intensity, oil production rates, and gas injection rates is performed. The findings of this study indicate that the ultimate oil recovery of low-fracture intensity reservoirs subjected to the depletion drive process is insensitive to production rates. However, for moderate- to high-fracture intensity reservoirs and low production rates, the recovery increases with increasing fracture intensity. Conversely, for moderate- to high-fracture intensity reservoirs and high production rates, the recovery is not significantly affected. For the gas injection mechanism, it is found that the ultimate oil recovery is a function of both the fracture intensity and gas injection rate. Furthermore, three fracture intensity ranges are identified: low, medium, and high. For the low- and high-fracture intensity ranges, the recovery increases with increasing gas injection rates and fracture intensity. However, for the medium fracture intensity ranges, the recovery behaves differently. It increases at low gas injection rates and decreases at high injection rates as the fracture intensity increases. New equations relating the cumulative oil production to the production rates, gas injection rates, and fracture intensity are also presented.
Joint Spatial Modeling Bridges the Gap Between Disparate Disease Surveillance and Population Monitoring Efforts Informing Conservation of At-risk Bat Species
Authors: Stratton Christian , Irvine Kathryn M. , Banner Katharine M. , Almberg Emily S. , Bachen Dan , Smucker Kristina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhite-Nose Syndrome (WNS) is a wildlife disease that has decimated hibernating bats since its introduction in North America in 2006. As the disease spreads westward, assessing the potentially differential impact of the disease on western bat species is an urgent conservation need. The statistical challenge is that the disease surveillance and species response monitoring data are not co-located, available at different spatial resolutions, non-Gaussian, and subject to observation error requiring a novel extension to spatially misaligned regression models for analysis. Previous work motivated by epidemiology applications has proposed two-step approaches that overcome the spatial misalignment while intentionally preventing the human health outcome from informing estimation of exposure. In our application, the impacted animals contribute to spreading the fungus that causes WNS, motivating development of a joint framework that exploits the known biological relationship. We introduce a Bayesian, joint spatial modeling framework that provides inferences about the impact of WNS on measures of relative bat activity and accounts for the uncertainty in estimation of WNS presence at non-surveyed locations. Our simulations demonstrate that the joint model produced more precise estimates of disease occurrence and unbiased estimates of the association between disease presence and the count response relative to competing two-step approaches. Our statistical framework provides a solution that leverages disparate monitoring activities and informs species conservation across large landscapes. Stan code and documentation are provided to facilitate access and adaptation for other wildlife disease applications.
Assembling a multi-platform ensemble social bot detector with applications to US 2020 elections
Authors: Ng Lynnette Hui Xian , Carley Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Bots have been in the spotlight for many social media studies, for they have been observed to be participating in the manipulation of information and opinions on social media. These studies analyzed the activity and influence of bots in a variety of contexts: elections, protests, health communication and so forth. Prior to this analyzes is the identification of bot accounts to segregate the class of social media users. In this work, we propose an ensemble method for bot detection, designing a multi-platform bot detection architecture to handle several problems along the bot detection pipeline: incomplete data input, minimal feature engineering, optimized classifiers for each data field, and also eliminate the need for a threshold value for classification determination. With these design decisions, we generalize our bot detection framework across Twitter, Reddit and Instagram. We also perform feature importance analysis, observing that the entropy of names and number of interactions (retweets/shares) are important factors in bot determination. Finally, we apply our multi-platform bot detector to the US 2020 presidential elections to identify and analyze bot activity across multiple social media platforms, showcasing the difference in online discourse of bots from different platforms.
To mine or not to mine the deep seabed?
Authors: Hvinden Ida Soltvedt 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeveral studies have noted that the International Seabed Authority (ISA) scores low on public participation. However, none have studied the efforts of non-governmental organizations to exert influence on the ISA’s rulemaking processes. I examine how environmental NGOs and private mining contractors attempt to sway one narrow, but existential, part of the ISA’s draft exploitation regulations between 2014 and 2019: the definition of “serious harm” to the marine environment. Although environmental NGOs appear to have been more successful in influencing that definition, the interests of private contractors may still prevail. Despite the efforts of environmental NGOs, the term “serious harm” remains largely undefined, allowing for more subjectivity and flexibility in interpretation. This challenge is exacerbated when combined with current institutional weaknesses and limited scientific expertise within the ISA. Ongoing negotiations and recent developments may, however, alter this outcome.