bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostanoid– and Interleukin‐1–Induced Primary Genes in Cementoblastic Cells
Authors: Nervina Jeanne M. , Camargo Paulo M. , Bezouglaia Olga , Tetradis Sotirios 
Published: August 2006

Background: Cementum is a key component of a functional periodontal organ. However, regenerating lost cementum is difficult and often incomplete. Identifying molecular mediators of cementoblast differentiation and function should lead to better targeted treatment for periodontitis. Prostaglandins increase mineralization of murine cementoblastic OCCM cells and alveolar bone formation, whereas the cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) inhibits alveolar bone formation. We hypothesized that differentially induced primary genes in OCCM cells may mediate anabolic and catabolic responses. Our objective was to identify primary genes differentially induced by the synthetic prostanoid fluprostenol and IL‐1 in cementoblastic cells.Methods: Confluent OCCM cells were pretreated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide followed by fluprostenol or IL‐1 for 1.5 hours. cDNA generated from each group was used for cDNA subtraction hybridization to identify differentially induced genes. Preferential gene induction was verified by Northern blot analysis.Results: Thirteen fluprostenol‐ and seven IL‐1–regulated genes were identified. Among the fluprostenol‐induced genes was mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1), a negative regulator of MAP kinase signaling. To verify the cDNA subtraction hybridization results, OCCM cells were treated with fluprostenol or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and MKP1 mRNA levels were determined. The 0.001 to 1 μM fluprostenol and 0.01 to 1 μM PGF2α significantly induced MKP1 mRNA levels, which peaked at 1 hour of treatment and returned to baseline at 2 hours.Conclusions: Fluprostenol enhanced, whereas IL‐1 inhibited, OCCM mineralization. Using cDNA subtraction hybridization, we identified primary genes that correlate with the observed anabolic and catabolic responses. These findings further our understanding of cementoblast function and suggest that differentially induced genes may mediate cementum formation and resorption.
Clinical Efficacy of Flossing Versus Use of Antimicrobial Rinses
Authors: Zimmer Stefan , Kolbe Claudia , Kaiser Gerrit , Krage Tracy , Ommerborn Michelle , Barthel Claudia 
Published: August 2006

Background: Dental floss is only used by a small part of the population on a daily basis. Therefore, an easy, applicable alternative is needed. This alternative could be a mouthrinse with antimicrobial activity for daily use. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of two mouthrinses in reducing interdental plaque and gingivitis compared to dental floss.Methods: A total of 156 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) toothbrushing and rinsing (0.06% chlorhexidine and 0.025% fluoride); 2) toothbrushing and rinsing (0.1% cetylpyridiniumchloride and 0.025% fluoride); 3) toothbrushing and flossing; and 4) toothbrushing only (N = 39 subjects in each group). At baseline, the modified proximal plaque index (MPPI) and papillary bleeding index (PBI) were recorded. Thereafter, subjects had to brush in the usual manner during 8 weeks. Additionally, test groups had to rinse once a day (groups 1 and 2: 30 seconds) or to floss (group 3). Eight weeks after baseline, indices were recorded again and improvements were calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni test served for statistical analysis.Results: After 8 weeks, reductions for all indices were found in all groups (P <0.05). With respect to the MPPI, mouthrinse groups performed better than the control and floss groups: 1) 0.73; 2) 0.82; 3) 0.40; and 4) 0.32 (P <0.05). The PBI showed no statistically significant difference between groups: 1) 0.46; 2); 0.50; 3); 0.42; and 4) 0.37.Conclusion: The results suggest that, in combination with toothbrushing, daily use of the tested mouthrinses may result in a higher interproximal plaque reduction than daily flossing.
Maintaining Primary Closure After Guided Bone Regeneration Procedures: Introduction of a New Flap Design and Preliminary Results
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. 
Published: August 2006

Background: Various flap designs have been proposed by numerous authors for the maintenance of passive primary soft tissue closures following guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. A previous publication by the present author documented the maintenance of passive soft tissue primary closures 96.1% of the time at least 6 months after GBR therapy in all areas of the mouth. Although seemingly impressive, a 96.1% success rate means that there is premature membrane exposure 3.9% of the time. A new flap design is introduced for use in conjunction with previously described flap designs to lessen the incidence of premature membrane exposure.Methods: A total of 173 sites treated with GBR therapy were examined up to 6 months postoperatively to assess the ability to maintain passive soft tissue primary closure. Any membrane exposure during this 6‐month postoperative period was deemed a failure, even if the site was successfully treated with an implant placement and restoration.Results: A total of 171 of 173 GBR‐treated sites demonstrated the maintenance of a soft tissue passive primary closure 6 months postoperatively, yielding a success rate of 98.8%.Conclusion: The introduction of the proposed flap design for use in conjunction with previously described flap designs significantly reduced the incidence of premature membrane exposure after a variety of GBR procedures.
Dental Plaque, Gingival Inflammation, and Elevated Levels of Interleukin‐6 and Cortisol in Gingival Crevicular Fluid From Women With Stress‐Related Depression and Exhaustion
Authors: Johannsen Annsofi , Rylander Gunnar , Söder Birgitta , Marie Åsberg 
Published: August 2006

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the importance of stress for the development of periodontitis by comparing oral health status, proinflammatory markers, and cortisol in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva in patients with stress‐related mental depression and controls.Methods: The participants consisted of 43 women with stress‐related depression and exhaustion (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition [DSM‐IV]), with a mean age of 42.0 (±9.3 SD) years, and 29 controls, with a mean age of 54.5 (±2.9 SD) years. Clinical examination included the assessment of dental plaque, gingival inflammation (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and number of teeth. GCF was collected with an intracrevicular washing technique from four sites in each subject. Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 were determined with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and cortisol with radioimmunoassay (125I RIA). Analysis of covariance (one‐way covariance analyses) was used to remove the influence of age and smoking.Results: The amount of plaque was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (P <0.003). The patients had an average GI of 1.53 (±0.13 SD) compared to 0.89 (±0.10 SD) for the controls (P <0.001). The levels of cortisol in GCF was significantly higher in patients than in controls, 3.46 nmol/l (±3.25 SD) and 0.30 nmol/l (±0.25 SD), respectively (P <0.001), whereas cortisol in saliva did not differ between groups. The levels of IL‐6 in GCF were significantly higher in the patients than in controls (P <0.05).Conclusion: Women with stress‐related depression and exhaustion had more plaque accumulation, GI, and increased levels of IL‐6 and cortisol in GCF compared to normal controls, suggesting that depression might affect immune function, which could lead to impaired periodontal health.
Connective Tissue Grafting on Resin Ionomer in Localized Gingival Recession
Authors: Alkan Arzu , Keskiner Ilker , Yuzbasioglu Emir 
Published: August 2006

Background: One of the main objectives of periodontal reconstructive surgery is the coverage of exposed roots that occur due to gingival recession. On some occasions, where a caries, root resorption, or amalgam restoration exists on the exposed root surface, the treatment planning becomes more complex. This case report describes the use of a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) on a resin ionomer‐restored root surface to treat gingival recession that is complicated with the above‐mentioned handicaps.Methods: An amalgam restoration and carious lesion were removed following full‐thickness flap reflection, and the cavity was restored with glass ionomer cement. An SCTG was placed onto the restoration, and the flap was coronally positioned. A porcelain crown restoration was performed 9 months after surgery.Results: At 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month follow‐ups, probing depths were reduced and gain in attachment level was obtained with no clinical signs of inflammation in gingiva. Monthly periodontal controls revealed that creeping attachment had occurred on the restoration during the follow‐up periods.Conclusion: This single case report serves as a good example to show that SCTG can be successfully performed to treat gingival recession associated with a glass ionomer‐restored root surface.
Effect of trotting velocity on work patterns of the hind limbs of Greyhounds
Authors: Colborne G. Robert , Walker Anna M. , Tattersall Anna J. , Fuller Cathy J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To quantify the effects of trotting velocity on joint angular excursions, net joint moments, and powers across the hind limb joints in Greyhounds.
Animals—5 healthy Greyhounds with no history of lameness of the hind limbs.
Procedures—Small reflective markers were applied to the skin over the joints of the hind limbs, and a 4-camera kinematic system was used to record positional data at 200 Hz in tandem with force platform data while the dogs trotted on a runway at slow, medium, and fast velocities. Breed-specific morphometric data were combined with kinematic and force data in an inverse-dynamics solution for net joint moments and powers at the hip, stifle, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints.
Results—Angle, moment, and power patterns at the various joints were conserved among the 3 velocities. With increasing velocity, moments and powers at the tarsal, stifle, and hip joints during the stance phase were increased in amplitude, whereas amplitudes during the swing phase were not. The main contributors to increased velocity were the hip extensors and stifle flexors during the early part of the stance phase and the tarsal extensors during the late part of the stance phase.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increases in trotting velocity in Greyhounds do not alter the basic patterns of work and power for various joints of the hind limbs, but local burst amplitudes during the stance phase increase incrementally.
Neurohormonal, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic evaluations of healthy dogs receiving long-term administration of doxorubicin
Authors: Alves de Souza Rute Chamié , Camacho Aparecido Antonio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate diagnostic testing that could be used to establish an early diagnosis of cardiotoxicosis induced by long-term administration of doxorubicin.
Animals—13 adult mixed-breed dogs.
Procedures—7 dogs were administered doxorubicin chloride (30 mg/m2, IV, q 21 d for 168 days [cumulative dose, 240 mg/m2]), and 6 dogs received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (5 mL, IV, q 21 d for 168 days; control group). Echocardiography, ECG, arterial blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma concentrations of norepinephrine and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were assessed before each subsequent administration of doxorubicin and saline solution.
Results—Dogs that received doxorubicin had a significant decrease in R-wave amplitude, compared with values for the control group, from 30 to 210 mg/m2. Doxorubicin-treated dogs had decreases in fractional shortening and left ventricular ejection fraction evident as early as 30 mg/m2, but significant differences between groups were not detected until 90 mg/m2was reached. There was also a significant increase in PRA (≥ 120 mg/m2) and left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions (≥ 60 and ≥ 180 mg/m2, respectively). Systemic arterial pressure, remaining echocardiographic variables, and concentrations of norepinephrine and BNP had significant variations, but of no clinical importance, during doxorubicin administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Doxorubicininduced cardiotoxicosis developed at 120 mg/m2, but there were no clinical signs of dilated cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure. Echocardiography and determination of PRA were able to detect early cardiac alterations during the development of dilated cardiomyopathy, despite apparently differing degrees of sensitivity to development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicosis.
Sectional anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging features of coelomic structures of loggerhead sea turtles
Authors: Valente Ana Luisa S. , Cuenca Rafaela , Zamora Maria Angeles , Parga Maria Luz , Lavin Santiago , Alegre Ferrán , Marco Ignasi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare cross-sectional anatomic specimens with images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the coelomic structures of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta).
Animals—5 clinically normal live turtles and 5 dead turtles.
Procedures—MRI was used to produce T1- and T2- weighted images of the turtles, which were compared with gross anatomic sections of 3 of the 5 dead turtles. The other 2 dead turtles received injection with latex and were dissected to provide additional cardiovascular anatomic data.
Results—The general view on the 3 oriented planes provided good understanding of cross-sectional anatomic features. Likewise, major anatomic structures such as the esophagus, stomach, lungs, intestine (duodenum and colon), liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder, heart, bronchi, and vessels could be clearly imaged. It was not possible to recognize the ureters or reproductive tract.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—By providing reference information for clinical use, MRI may be valuable for detailed assessment of the internal anatomic structures of loggerhead sea turtles. Drawbacks exist in association with anesthesia and the cost and availability of MRI, but the technique does provide excellent images of most internal organs. Information concerning structures such as the pancreas, ureters, intestinal segments (jejunum and ileum), and the reproductive tract is limited because of inconsistent visualization.
Effects of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon and feline recombinant omega interferon on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus-1
Authors: Siebeck Nicola , Hurley David J. , Garcia Maricarmen , Greene Craig E. , Köstlin Roberto G. , Moore Phillip A. , Dietrich Ursula M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of recombinant human interferon α-2b (rHuIFN-α2b) and recombinant feline interferon ω (rFeIFN-ω) on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1.
Sample Population—Cultures of Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells.
Procedures—CRFK cells were treated with rFeIFN-ω or rHuIFN-α2b at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500,000 U/mL. Cultures were then inoculated with FHV-1. Constant concentrations of interferon products were maintained throughout the study. Reductions in the number and size of plaques were used as indicators of antiviral activity. Six plaque reduction assays were performed in duplicate. A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect cytotoxic effects of interferon. A 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett test were used to determine significant differences.
Results—Treatment with rFeIFN-ω at various concentrations resulted in significant reductions in the number of plaques (100,000 U/mL, 54.7%; and 500,000 U/mL, 59.8%) and in plaque size (100,000 U/mL, 47.5%; 250,000 U/mL, 81.0%; and 500,000 U/mL; 70.5%). Treatment with various concentrations of rHuIFN-α2b resulted in a significant reduction in plaque size (100,000 U/mL, 56.0%; 250,000 U/mL, 75.7%; and 500,000 U/mL, 69.0%). None of the tested concentrations of interferon caused significant cellular toxicosis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—At some of the higher concentrations, the antiviral effect of rFeIFN-ω was greater than the antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α2b. Reduction in plaque size appeared to be a good indicator of the antiviral activity of interferon against FHV-1.
Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections of cats
Authors: Morris Daniel O. , Mauldin Elizabeth A. , O'Shea Kathleen , Shofer Frances S. , Rankin Shelley C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare clinical information obtained from medical records of cats with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) infections, evaluate antibiograms of MRSA and MSSA for multiple-drug resistance (MDR), and characterize the strain type and staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC)mec type of each MRSA.
Sample Population—70 S aureus isolates obtained from 46 cats.
Procedures—Clinical information obtained from medical records, including signalment, clinical signs, histologic examination of affected tissues, and outcomes, was compared between the 2 groups. Composite antibiograms of MRSA and MSSA were compared statistically. The MRSA strains were characterized by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and SCCmec typing.
Results—No statistical differences in signalment or subjective differences in clinical signs or outcomes were detected between groups with MRSA or MSSA infection. Significant differences in antimicrobial resistance were detected, with MRSA having complete resistance to fluoroquinolone and macrolide antimicrobials, whereas MSSA maintained a high frequency of susceptibility. Seven pulsed-field patterns were observed in 15 MRSA strains; all but 1 were highly related. All MRSA isolates contained a type II SCCmec element.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because MDR cannot be predicted in staphylococcal infections in cats on the basis of clinical signalment, culture and susceptibility testing are recommended whenever initial empirical treatment is unsuccessful. Molecular characterization of MRSA strains suggests that there has been reverse-zoonotic transmission from humans.
Impact for Human Medicine—The SCCmec type II element is typically associated with nosocomial MRSA infections of people. Cats may serve as reservoirs for MRSA infections in humans.
Comparative analysis of cytokine gene expression in cerebrospinal fluid of horses without neurologic signs or with selected neurologic disorders
Authors: Pusterla Nicola , Wilson W. David , Conrad Patricia A. , Mapes Samantha , Leutenegger Christian M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine gene transcription for cytokines in nucleated cells in CSF of horses without neurologic signs or with cervical stenotic myelopathy (CSM), West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), or spinal cord trauma.
Animals—41 horses (no neurologic signs [n = 12], CSM [8], WNV encephalitis [9], EPM [6], and spinal cord trauma [6]).
Procedures—Total RNA was extracted from nucleated cells and converted into cDNA. Gene expression was measured by use of real-time PCR assay and final quantitation via the comparative threshold cycle method.
Results—Cytokine genes expressed by nucleated cells of horses without neurologic signs comprised a balance between proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-10 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-β), and Th1 mediators (interferon [IFN]-γ). Cells of horses with CSM mainly expressed genes for TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10. Cells of horses with WNV encephalitis mainly expressed genes for IL-6 and TGF-β. Cells of horses with EPM mainly had expression of genes for IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β. Cells from horses with spinal cord trauma had expression mainly for IL-6; IFN-γ; TGF-β; and less frequently, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α. Interleukin-8 gene expression was only detected in CSF of horses with infectious diseases.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite the small number of CSF samples for each group, results suggest distinct gene signatures expressed by nucleated cells in the CSF of horses without neurologic signs versus horses with inflammatory or traumatic neurologic disorders.
Vascular distribution of contrast medium during intraosseous regional perfusion of the distal portion of the equine forelimb
Authors: Keys Graham J. , Berry Douglass B. , Pleasant R. Scott , Jones Jeryl C. , Freeman Larry E. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To describe the vascular distribution pattern of contrast medium during intraosseous regional perfusion (IORP) of the distal portion of the equine forelimb.
Sample Population—13 cadaveric forelimbs from 12 horses without forelimb diseases.
Procedures—Serial lateromedial radiographic views were taken of the distal portion of 10 heparinized cadaveric forelimbs at 0, 1, 2, 6, 15, and 30 minutes during IORP of the third metacarpal bone (MCIII) by use of iodinated contrast medium and a tourniquet placed over the proximal portion of MCIII. Vascular regions of interest (ROI) were created for each radiograph. Reviewers identified the presence or absence of contrast medium–induced opacified vessels in all ROI on radiographs. This information was summarized to identify vessel-filling patterns over time. Vessel identification was verified by use of computed tomography angiography and latex perfusion studies on the distal portion of separate cadaveric forelimbs.
Results—During IORP, contrast medium filled the medullary cavity of the MCIII; exited via transcortical vessels; and diffused distally to the remaining arteries and veins of the forelimb, distal to the tourniquet. Maximum vessel and soft tissue opacification occurred in most specimens at 6 and 30 minutes, respectively. Serial radiography vessel patterns matched those of computed tomography images and dissected specimens.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IORP provides a repeatable pattern of vascular distribution in the distal portion of the equine forelimb. To our knowledge, our study provides the first documentation of arterial perfusion by use of IORP; results of previous reports indicate that IORP delivers medications to only the venous vessels of the perfused forelimb.