bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, ratios and patterns of release in the sex pheromone of an aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea
Authors: Stewart-Jones Alex , Dewhirst Sarah Y. , Durrant Lisa , Fitzgerald Jean D. , Hardie Jim , Hooper Antony M. , Pickett John A. , Poppy Guy M. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARY
Insect communication is primarily via chemicals. In Aphidinae aphids, the structure and ratio of iridoid (monoterpenoid) chemicals are known to be important components of the sex pheromone. However, for enhanced species specificity, it has been suggested that release of sex pheromone might be restricted to a narrow time period within the diel cycle. Here, we determine the structure, ratios and release patterns of iridoid chemicals produced by a serious global pest, the rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea. Volatiles were collected from batches of oviparae (sexual females) and chemicals identified by gas chromatography, mass-spectrometry and microscale NMR spectroscopy.(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-Nepetalactol and(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone were detected in a 3.7:1 ratio. To investigate timing of release, we constructed a sequential sampling device that allowed volatile chemicals to be captured hourly from 95 same-aged oviparae over 20 consecutive days. Release patterns of the two sex pheromone components show that D. plantaginea oviparae release high levels of the two components during photophase and low levels during scotophase. Release of the two components increased significantly during the first 3 h of photophase and thereafter remained at a high level until the onset of scotophase. The ratio of(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol to(4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone released did not change significantly between days two to 14 of the adult stadium, but from the 15th day onward there was a significant decrease in the relative amount of(1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol. Pheromone release was greatest on the eighth day of the adult stadium, with up to 8.4 ng of pheromone released per ovipara per hour. This is the first report on the full structural identification and ratios of volatile iridoid components collected from D. plantaginea oviparae and is also the most detailed temporal study on sex pheromone release from any aphid species. The lack of a temporally narrow and distinct period of very high sex pheromone release suggests that alternative mechanisms or factors for species recognition and isolation may be important. Findings are discussed broadly in relation to the biology of the aphid.
Use of Bedside Ultrasonography for Endotracheal Tube Placement in Pediatric Patients: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Galicinao Jeanette , Bush Andrew J. , Godambe Sandip A. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of bedside ultrasonography in verifying endotracheal tube placement in the pediatric population.
METHODS. This study consisted of 2 phases. In phase I, subjects were examined while intubated and after extubation to determine the presence of the endotracheal tube by applying each of 2 ultrasound transducers to the cricothyroid membrane. In phase II, pediatric patients were examined in the emergency department during intubation or immediately after intubation to ascertain proper endotracheal tube placement by using bedside ultrasonography. These results were compared with the results obtained with a colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detector and chest radiographs.
RESULTS. Forty-nine and 50 patients (age: 1 day to 17 years) were recruited in the first and second phases of the study, respectively. The endotracheal tube was detected in all 99 patients by using bedside ultrasonography. Two views were required to show accurately the presence of the endotracheal tube in the trachea. Visualization was obtained in all cases, although short necks and cervical collars made the procedure more challenging. The sniffing position allowed for the best acquisition of high-quality images. Our linear transducer provided the best images but, because of its size, it was not ideal when space was limited. Therefore, the curvilinear transducer was used exclusively for phase II. During phase II, the mean times to acquire bedside ultrasonographic images of the endotracheal tube through the cricothyroid membrane and to obtain a chest radiograph were 17.1 seconds and 14.0 minutes, respectively. In 3 cases, bedside ultrasonographic images proved to be invaluable when the colorimetric end-tidal carbon dioxide detector yielded false-negative or equivocal readings.
CONCLUSIONS. Bedside ultrasonography can be used to accurately and rapidly determine the presence of the endotracheal tube within the trachea in pediatric patients.
Clinical Characteristics of Peanut-Allergic Children: Recent Changes
Authors: Green Todd D. , LaBelle Virginia S. , Steele Pamela H. , Kim Edwin H. , Lee Laurie A. , Mankad Vaishali S. , Williams Larry W. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Burks A. Wesley 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to determine whether patients seen in a referral clinic are experiencing initial allergic reactions to peanuts earlier, compared with a similar population profiled at a different medical center 10 years ago, and to investigate other changes in clinical characteristics of the patients between the 2 groups.
METHODS. We reviewed the medical charts of peanut-allergic patients seen in the Duke University pediatric allergy and immunology clinic between July 2000 and April 2006.
RESULTS. The median ages of first peanut exposure and reaction were 14 and 18 months, respectively; the respective ages in a similar population profiled between 1995 and 1997 were 22 and 24 months. Within our patient group, those born before 2000 were first exposed to peanuts at a median age of 19 months and reacted at a median age of 21 months, compared with first exposure at 12 months and first reaction at 14 months for those born in or after 2000. Most patients (68%) demonstrated sensitization or clinical allergy to other foods (53% to eggs, 26% to cow's milk, 20% to tree nuts, 11% to fish, 9% to shellfish, 7% to soy, 6% to wheat, and 6% to sesame seeds).
CONCLUSIONS. In the past decade, the ages of first peanut exposure and reaction have declined among peanut-allergic children seen in a referral clinic. Egg allergy is very common in peanut-allergic patients, and sesame seeds should perhaps be considered one of the major food allergens. The decline in the age of first peanut reaction seems to be attributable to earlier exposure.
Stability of Antibiotics in Portable Pumps Used for Bronchial Superinfection: Guidelines for Prescribers
Authors: Arlicot Nicolas , Rochefort Gaël Y. , Schlecht Deborah , Lamoureux Fabien , Marchand Sophie , Antier Daniel 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVES. The aims of this study were (1) to collect data on the stability of antibiotics in portable pumps for the treatment of bronchial superinfection in patients with cystic fibrosis and (2) to provide guidelines for prescribers.
METHODS. The stability over 72 hours, in portable pumps stored at 35°C, of piperacillin plus tazobactam, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, cefsulodin, cefepime, and aztreonam was checked at 3 different concentrations. Stability was assessed through visual examination, pH measurements, and direct measurements of drug concentrations by using high-performance liquid chromatography. All parameters were measured at time 0, time 0 plus 24 hours, and time 0 plus 72 hours.
RESULTS. Degradation rates for penicillin plus β-lactamase inhibitor combinations remained &lt;10% at time 0 plus 24 hours for all drugs, but the rate for piperacillin reached 12% for the highest concentration tested. The cephalosporins cefepime and cefsulodin had significant respective degradation rates of 18% and 28% at time 0 plus 24 hours and 60% and 68.5% at time 0 plus 72 hours, which were linked to the storage temperature. Aztreonam seemed to be stable over 72 hours.
CONCLUSIONS. This work provides data on drug stability that were lacking, allowing recommendations for physicians to optimize the safety and efficacy of antibiotic treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis. Piperacillin plus tazobactam and ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid infusions must be limited to 24 hours, and patients receiving cefepime or cefsulodin must wear a cold pack close to the ambulatory drug-delivery device during the infusion.
Gemcitabine-Induced Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rajasekhar Anita , George Thomas J. 
Published: November 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the clinical and radiologic manifestations of RPLS.Define agents or inciting risk factors that have been implicated in the development of RPLS.Describe the treatment and outcome of RPLS, emphasizing supportive care and urgent discontinuation of the offending agent.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Sudden Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity Related to an Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Schulze A. , Schönauer M. , Busse M. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes. A reciprocal relationship exists between diabetes and chronic periodontitis. This report describes the effects of an acute focal dental inflammation and subsequent endodontic treatment on the required insulin dosage of a 70‐year‐old man who had moderately controlled diabetes.Methods: Following an exacerbation of a combined endodontic‐periodontic (endo‐perio) lesion of tooth #3, the patient noticed a sudden increase in his insulin demand. After 3 weeks, the required dosage was ∼100% greater. In association with hyperglycemic incidents, he reported a prickling sensation in this tooth. The radiograph showed circular bone loss around the tooth.Results: Just 1 day after the root‐canal preparation, the insulin need decreased to ∼50% of that required prior to treatment. Subsequently, an incision and systemic antibiotics were necessary because of the formation of a periodontal abscess. The insulin demand remained low despite this complication. Forty days after endodontic treatment, the insulin dosage was at a level comparable to that taken 4 weeks before the root‐canal preparation.Conclusions: This clinical case revealed a highly relevant correlation between insulin resistance and a local dental inflammation. To avoid an increase in insulin resistance, it seems important to attend to radically non‐vital teeth as well as any other dental inflammation in diabetic patients.
Retention of Hopeless Teeth: The Effect on the Adjacent Proximal Bone Following Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Machtei Eli E. , Hirsch Ilan 
Published: November 2007

Background: Clinical wisdom often suggests that retention of periodontally hopeless teeth may accelerate the destruction of the adjacent periodontium. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of retaining hopeless teeth on the adjacent alveolar bone following periodontal surgery.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted based on intraoral radiographs. Teeth were considered hopeless if they had lost ≥70% bone height at either of the proximal surfaces. The minimal follow‐up period after surgery was 24 months. All subjects completed periodontal therapy, including scaling and root planing (SRP), and periodontal surgery at these sites. Ninety‐three subjects with 110 hopeless teeth were included in this study. Cases were sorted into two groups: retained, which included 57 hopeless teeth (50 subjects) that were maintained; and extracted, which included 53 hopeless teeth (43 subjects) that were removed at surgery. All radiographs were digitized, and measurements of radiographic bone distance (RBD) were made using computerized software.Results: Mean follow‐up was 4.40 ± 0.23 years. For the retained hopeless teeth, there was a mean bone gain of 0.82 mm from baseline (7.18 ± 0.35 mm) to the final examination (6.45 ± 0.41 mm; P = 0.0061). Likewise, the postoperative percentage of RBD of the retained hopeless teeth showed a statistically significant improvement from baseline (57.46% ± 1.5%) to the final examination (52.32% ± 2.03%; P = 0.0032). Teeth adjacent to a hopeless tooth had a slight radiographic bone gain postoperatively, which was greater in the extracted group. However, it was significant only for the distal neighboring teeth (1.50% versus 11.36%, respectively; P = 0.0119).Conclusion: Long‐term preservation of hopeless teeth following periodontal surgery is an attainable goal with no detrimental effect on the adjacent proximal teeth.
Enamel Matrix Derivative Induces Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression in Human Osteoblastic Cells
Authors: Heng Nora H.M. , N'Guessan Philippe D. , Kleber Bernd‐Michael , Bernimoulin Jean‐Pierre , Pischon Nicole 
Published: November 2007

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) stimulates the production of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), which has been suggested to play a role in mediating the effects of EMD in periodontal tissue regeneration. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a mediator of TGF‐β and promotes cell development. The interaction between EMD and CTGF is unknown. This study explored the effects of EMD on CTGF expression in human osteoblastic cells and whether the interaction is modulated by the TGF‐β signaling pathway. Also, the roles of CTGF in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and mineralized nodule formation of EMD‐induced osteoblastic cultures were examined.Methods: Human osteoblastic cells (Saos‐2) were treated with 25 to 100 μg/ml EMD with or without the addition of TGF‐β inhibitor. CTGF mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and CTGF protein levels were assayed by Western blot analysis. In addition, cell cycle progression and DNA synthesis were determined by flow cytometry and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation following EMD treatment with or without CTGF antibody. Mineralization was examined by alizarin red staining and quantified by elution with cetylpyridinium chloride.Results: Western blot and RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated a dose‐dependent increase of CTGF expression by EMD. EMD‐induced CTGF expression was reduced significantly in the presence of TGF‐β inhibitor. Cell cycle and BrdU analysis revealed an increase in cell proliferation following EMD treatment, which was due to an increase in the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. No significant effect was found when anti‐CTGF antibody was added. Conversely, mineralization was inhibited significantly in EMD‐treated cultures in the presence of anti‐CTGF antibody.Conclusions: EMD stimulates CTGF expression, and the interaction is modulated via TGF‐β in osteoblastic cells. Also, CTGF affects EMD‐induced osteoblastic mineralization but not cell proliferation. To our knowledge, these results provide novel insight into EMD–CTGF interaction, two biomodifiers that have therapeutic relevance to tissue engineering and regeneration.
Markers of Systemic Bacterial Exposure in Periodontal Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mustapha Indra Z. , Debrey Sarah , Oladubu Michael , Ugarte Richard 
Published: November 2007

Background: Recent meta‐analyses reported a weak association between periodontal disease (PD) on clinical examination and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Systemic bacterial exposure from periodontitis, which correlates poorly with the clinical examination, has been proposed as the more biologically pertinent risk factor. The purpose of this study was to review and analyze the association between PD with elevated systemic bacterial exposure and CVD.Methods: We searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases for all literature examining PD and CVD. From 10 selected publications, we extracted 12 cohort (N = 5) and cross‐sectional (N = 7) studies and included 11 of these in a meta‐analysis. With stratified analyses, this resulted in 14 analyses of coronary heart disease (CHD; N = 7), stroke (N = 4), and carotid intima‐medial thickening (CIMT; N = 3) as a measure of early atherosclerosis. Systemic bacterial exposure was measured by periodontal bacterial burden (N = 1), periodontitis‐specific serology (N = 12), or C‐reactive protein (N = 1).Results: Periodontal disease with elevated markers of systemic bacterial exposure was associated strongly with CHD compared to subjects without PD, with a summary odds ratio of 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32 to 2.34; P <0.001). This group was not associated with CVD events or with stroke but was associated with a significant increase in mean CIMT (0.03 mm; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.04).Conclusion: Periodontal disease with elevated bacterial exposure is associated with CHD events and early atherogenesis (CIMT), suggesting that the level of systemic bacterial exposure from periodontitis is the biologically pertinent exposure with regard to atherosclerotic risk.
Er:YAG Laser Osteotomy for Intraoral Bone Grafting Procedures: A Case Series With a Fiber‐Optic Delivery System
Authors: Stübinger Stefan , Landes Constantin , Seitz Oliver , Sader Robert 
Published: November 2007

Background: With a wavelength of 2.94 μm, the erbium‐doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser is suitable for cutting vital osseous tissue. To analyze the benefit of laser osteotomy in implant dentistry, a fiber‐guided Er:YAG laser was used for harvesting intraoral bone grafts.Methods: In 10 consecutive patients (six males and four females), 12 block grafts were obtained from the ramus (nine cases), chin (two cases), and tuberosity (one case) region. For the osteotomies, the laser settings included a pulse energy of 500 mJ, a pulse duration of 250 microseconds, and a pulse frequency of 12 Hz. During osteotomy, the laser fiber tip was kept 1 to 2 mm away from the bone surface.Results: Cut efficiency was satisfactory with almost no constraint on the positioning of the laser tip. Laser osteotomy was precise and allowed the blocks to be prepared with minimal waste of bone. The risk for accidentally injuring adjacent soft tissues was minimal. The postoperative wound‐healing process was not impaired, and there were no signs of carbonization; however, the surgical procedures were time consuming.Conclusions: Using the Er:YAG laser with the aforementioned settings, successful laser osteotomy was achieved without any complications. However, because laser osteotomy was time‐intensive and offered no depth control, it demonstrated only slight advantages for intraoral bone‐grafting procedures. If the ablation process could be accelerated, the Er:YAG laser would be a promising alternative to conventional instruments for this surgical technique.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Low Birth Weight, and Preterm Birth: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Their Association With Maternal Periodontitis
Authors: Siqueira Fernanda Mafra , Cota Luís Otávio Miranda , Costa José Eustáquio , Haddad João Paulo Amaral , Lana Ângela Maria Quintão , Costa Fernando Oliveira 
Published: November 2007

Background: It has been suggested that periodontitis is associated with systemic alterations such as adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, some conflicting results have been reported. This case‐control study was conducted to determine the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Methods: A total of 1,305 Brazilian women from multiethnic groups were enrolled and divided into four groups: control group (1,042 women who gave birth to infants with adequate gestational age and birth weight); PTB group (238 women, gestational age <37 complete weeks); LBW group (235 women, birth weight <2,500 g); and IUGR group (77 women who gave birth to infants with fetal growth retardation). Periodontitis was defined as the presence of at least four teeth with one or more sites with probing depth ≥4 mm and clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm. The effects of variables of interest, confounders, and interaction were tested through univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests.Results: After adjusting for variables of interest, maternal periodontitis was retained in the final model for PTB (odds ratio [OR] = 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 2.59), LBW (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.51), and IUGR (OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.07 to 4.19). When the interaction between periodontitis and previous PTB was tested, an OR of 5.94 (P <0.001), 9.12 (P <0.001), and 18.90 (P <0.001) was observed for PTB, LBW, and IUGR, respectively.Conclusions: Maternal periodontitis is associated with an increased risk for PTB, LBW, and IUGR. Results emphasize the importance of periodontal care in prenatal health programs.
Osseointegrated Implants in Subjects Treated for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis: 10‐Year Results of a Prospective, Long‐Term Cohort Study
Authors: Mengel Reiner , Behle Marion , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin 
Published: November 2007

Background: The aim of this prospective 10‐year study of partially edentulous subjects treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects was a clinical, microbiologic, and radiographic comparison of teeth and implants and assessment of the implants' success rate.Methods: Five subjects treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and five periodontally healthy subjects who were orally rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants participated in the study. First, they were examined 2 to 4 weeks before extraction of the non‐retainable teeth (baseline) and 3 weeks after insertion of the final abutments. All further examinations were performed during a 3‐month recall schedule over a 10‐year period. At every session, clinical parameters were recorded, and the composition of the subgingival microflora was determined. Radiographs were taken at baseline after insertion of the superstructure and 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 years later.Results: Throughout the follow‐up period, the peri‐implant gingival index of GAgP subjects was significantly higher than in periodontally healthy subjects. There was no difference in plaque index between teeth and implants or between the two groups. The peri‐implant probing depths were comparable in the two groups and remained ≤4 mm throughout the follow‐up. The probing depth was significantly higher around the teeth of the GAgP subjects compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Implants of GAgP subjects showed a significantly higher attachment loss (Ø 2.4 mm). The attachment level at teeth and implants of the periodontally healthy subjects and at teeth of the GAgP subjects was almost unchanged. Microbiologically, GAgP subjects had fewer cocci and more motile rods and filaments at teeth and implants than periodontally healthy subjects. GAgP subjects showed significantly more peri‐implant bone loss in the first year (Ø 2.07 mm) and in the subsequent 9 years (total 1.3 mm). Bone loss at teeth also was significantly higher at baseline (Ø 26.39%) and in the following years (total 9.3%). Implant survival rates were 100% in periodontally healthy subjects versus 83.33% in GAgP subjects.Conclusions: This 10‐year study showed that partially edentulous subjects treated for GAgP can be rehabilitated successfully with osseointegrated implants. However, the bone and attachment loss at the implants were higher than in periodontally healthy subjects.