bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiwavelength interferometry and competing optical methods for the thermal probing of thin polymeric films
Authors: Vourdas N. , Karadimos G. , Goustouridis D. , Gogolides E. , Boudouvis A. G. , Tortai J.‐H. , Beltsios K. , Raptis I. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMultiple‐wavelength interferometry (MWI), a new optical method for the thermal probing of thin polymer films, is introduced and explored. MWI is compared with two standard optical methods, single‐wavelength interferometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry, with regard to the detection of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of thin supported polymer films. Poly(methyl methacrylate) films are deposited by spin coating on Si and SiO2 substrates. MWI is also applied to the study of the effect of film thickness (25–600 nm) and polymer molecular weight (1.5 × 104 to 106) on Tg, the effect of film thickness on the coefficients of thermal expansion both below and above Tg, and the effect of deep UV exposure time on the thermal properties (glass transition and degradation temperatures) of the films. This further exploration of the MWI method provides substantial insights about intricate issues pertinent to the thermal behavior of thin polymer films. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4764–4774, 2006
Preparation and application of an ultraviolet curable coating containing nanoscale α‐aluminum oxide
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Ho , Ou Ming‐Kun , Lin Shin‐Hsiang , Tsai Ming‐Shyong , Mao Ching‐Feng , Yen Fu‐Su 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study focuses on the preparation of an organic–inorganic ultraviolet (UV) curable coating containing the nanoscale α‐aluminum oxide (α‐Al2O3) powder and UV curable resin. This developed coating can form a protection film on the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic tile surface. Thus, the abrasion resistance of the PVC plastic tile surface is improved. Besides, the adhesion between this UV cured film and the PVC plastic tile surface is well. After treatment with the UV curable coating that contains 6 wt % α‐Al2O3, the abrasion resistance of the PVC plastic tile surface can be improved up to 57%. From the result of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mapping photograph, it shows that the nanoscale α‐Al2O3 powder is well dispersed in the cured coating film. Under the wavelength of the visible light in the range of 400–800 nm, the degree of transparency for the coated film on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) sheet is about 82–90%. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5747–5752, 2006
Preparation and protein adsorption of hydrogel polysucrose microspheres
Authors: Hou Xin , Yang Jing , Huang Dongge , Wang Xiaoli , Yao Kangde 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of novel hydrogel polysucrose microspheres with the mean size ranging from 200 to 500 μm were prepared via two‐step method. First, soluble polysucrose was synthesized by solution polymerization between sucrose and epichlorohydrin; second, a reversed phase suspension crosslinking reaction was performed to prepare polysucrose microspheres. The SEM images indicated that these spherical beads had smooth surface and hydrogel interior structure. FTIR was used to characterize the chemical structure of the beads. The hydrated and dry densities, equilibrium water content, and hydroxyl content of polysucrose microspheres were also investigated. The characteristic of high hydroxyl content (15.48–19.04 mmol/g) make these microspheres suitable for protein adsorption. Meanwhile, bovine serum albumin was used to examine the adsorption capacity of the microspheres. These microspheres had a capacity as high as 49.28 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics and recycling of the beads were also investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5934–5940, 2006
Adsorption and desorption properties of grafted polyethylene films modified with polyethylenimine chains
Authors: Yamada Kazunori , Saitoh Yuji , Haga Yukiko , Matsuda Kiyomi , Hirata Mitsuo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe chelating membranes for adsorption of metal ions were prepared by the bonding of linear and branched polyethylenimines (LPEI and BPEI) on the glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) photografted porous polyethylene (pPE) (pPE‐g‐PGMA) films. The adsorption and desorption properties of LPEI and BPEI‐bonded pPE‐g‐PGMA (LPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) and (BPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA)) films to Cu2+ ions were investigated as a function of the grafted amount, amount of bonded PEI, molecular mass of PEI, pH value, and temperature. The amounts of LPEI and BPEI bonded to the pPE‐g‐PGMA films increased over the reaction time, and the bonding of LPEI and BPEI offered the water‐absorptivity to the pPE‐g‐PGMA films. The amount of adsorbed Cu2+ ions at pH 5.0 had the maximum value at the grafted amount of 10 mmol/g for the (LDPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) and (BPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films with a constant amount of bonded PEI. The amount of adsorbed Cu2+ ions for the LPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films was higher than that for the BPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films. The amount of Cu2+ ions desorbed from the LPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) and BPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films increased with an increase in the HCl concentration. The quantities of Cu2+ ions of about 100% were desorbed in the aqueous HCl solutions of more than 0.1M for the LPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films and more than 0.05M for the BPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films. The amounts of adsorbed Cu2+ ions were almost the same in each adsorption process at pH 5.0. This indicates that the LPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) and BPEI‐(pPE‐g‐PGMA) films can be applied to a repeatedly generative chelating membrane for adsorption and desorption of metal ions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5965–5976, 2006
Performance evaluation of silane crosslinking of metallocene‐based polyethylene–octene elastomer
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Wang Genlin , Zhang Jun , Wei Ping , Jiang Pingkai 
Published: September 2006

AbstractVinyl trimethoxysilane (VTMS) was grafted onto metallocene‐based polyethylene–octene elastomer (POE) using a free‐radical reaction of VTMS and dicumyl peroxide as an initiator, and then the grafted POE was crosslinked in the presence of water. The effects of VTMS concentration on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of POE before and after crosslinking were studied in this article. Multiple melting behaviors were found for POE after silane crosslinking by using DSC measurement. Degree of crystallization of silane‐crosslinked POE decreases from 18.0 to 14.3%, with increase of VTMS from 0 to 2.0 phr. Tensile strength of silane‐crosslinked POE reaches a maximum of 28.4 MPa when concentration of VTMS is 1.5 phr, while elongation at break is 487%. TG shows that the temperature of 10% weight loss for pure POE is 405°C, while for crosslinked POE with addition of 2.0 phr VTMS the value comes to 452°C, indicating that crosslinking significantly help improve the thermal stability of POE. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5057–5061, 2006
Influence of processing conditions on dual‐phase continuous blend system of thermoplastic polyurethane with ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer elastomer
Authors: Wu Lei , Luo Xin , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the present work, we extend the investigation on the influence of processing conditions on the morphology, the mechanical properties, and the rheology of the blends of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and ethylene–propylene–diene monomer elastomer (EPDM). Scanning and transmission electron microscopies show that the dual‐phase continuous morphology of the blends was strongly dependant on the EPDM composition, processing temperature, and the shear rates. The network structure of the EPDM domain in TPU matrix became finest and most regular for the blends containing 7 wt % EPDM. It was also found that high shear rate favored the formation of the perfect network structure. Furthermore, the blends prepared at 180°C present finer and more perfect network structure than those at the other processing temperatures. The competition of compatible and incompatible segments of TPU with EPDM during melt blending plays an important role in development of the dual‐phase continuous morphology. This was reflected through the influence of processing conditions on the rheological properties, and was also verified by the Davies equation's prediction. The tensile properties present a significant improvement with addition of EPDM, and obtained the optimum value for the blends containing 7 wt % EPDM. The influence of different processing parameters on the mechanical properties is associated with their influence on the morphology, and better tensile properties are obtained in the processing conditions, in which, the finer and more perfect network structure of EPDM domain is presented. These facts confirm that the dual‐phase continuous morphology is the main advantage for higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus can be well controlled by different processing conditions for the improvement of mechanical properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5472–5482, 2006
Preparation and characterization of imidazole‐functionalized microspheres
Authors: Kim Hyungsoo , Daniels Eric S. , Dimonie Victoria L. , Klein Andrew 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe preparation of imidazole‐functionalized latex microspheres by a two‐stage emulsion copolymerization process and their characterization are reported on. Emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St) and 1‐vinyl imidazole (VIMZ) exhibited bimodal particle size distributions caused by secondary homogeneous nucleation process. However, secondary nucleation can be avoided by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a stabilizer at a concentration below its cmc (critical micelle concentration). This would result in the formation of monodisperse latex particles. The final particle size diameter depended on the concentration of CTAB as well as the amount of VIMZ. To control the amount of the functional imidazole groups on the latex particle surfaces, independent of the latex diameters, without secondary nucleation of particles, the seeded emulsion copolymerization of styrene and VIMZ was explored as a second‐stage polymerization at different concentrations and ratios of monomers in the presence of the previously prepared monodisperse poly(styrene‐co‐1‐vinyl imidazole) seed latex particles. The concentration of imidazole functional groups on the surface of the latex particles could also be varied through the rearrangement of hydrophilic imidazole groups by varying the second‐stage monomer addition process such as the utilization of monomer‐swollen seed particles or a shot addition of monomers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120:5753–5762, 2006
Removal of nitrite ions from aqueous solutions by poly(N,N‐dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate) hydrogels
Authors: Yılmaz Z. , Akkaş P. Kavakli , Şen M. , Güven O. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRemoval of nitrite ions from aqueous solutions by protonated poly(N,N‐dimethylamino ethylmethacrylate) hydrogels (P(DMAEMA)) was investigated. We have shown that polycationic and pendant secondary amine group containing P(DMAEMA) hydogels is very efficient and highly selective for the removal of nitrite ions from aqueous solutions at even in very high concentrations. Adsorption studies have shown that pH of the nitrite solution has influence on the nitrite ion uptake capacity of P(DMAEMA) hydrogels. The adsorption capacity of hydrogels had been increased up to 3100 mg NO/g dry gel, by changing pH of the solution. The results of the adsorption studies showed that the interaction between nitrite ions and quaternized amine groups agree with the Langmuir‐type isotherm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6023–6027, 2006
Dynamic crystallization of polypropylene and wood‐based composites
Authors: Bouza R. , Marco C. , Martín Z. , Gómez M. A. , Ellis G. , Barral L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThermoplastic composites made of an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix and woodflour (WF) were prepared by melt‐blending, using twin‐screw extrusion and injection molding. Up to 20 wt % of the composite was composed of WF. The incorporation of an interfacial agent made of an ethylene/methacrylic acid copolymer to iPP and WF, PP/WF, binary blends causes a compatibilization effect that becomes evident due to a reduction in the crystallization temperature of PP. In both the binary composites and the compatibilized or ternary composites, the PP adopts an α or monoclinic structure when crystallization occurs from the melt under dynamic conditions at cooling rates between 1 and 20°C min−1. On the other hand, X‐ray diffraction analysis using synchrotron radiation of the injection‐molded samples demonstrates the existence of a β or trigonal form in the binary as well as the ternary PP/WF composites. They reach kβ levels between 0.18 and 0.25, which can be interpreted as the co‐operation between a reduction of the crystallization rate and the shear effect induced during the injection. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6028–6036, 2006
Finite volume method as the numerical method for new emulsion polymerization tubular reactor with internal angle baffles
Authors: Mendoza Marín Florentino L. , Maria Ferrareso Lona Liliane , Wolf Maciel Maria R. , Maciel Filho Rubens 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA finite volume method is used to solve a determinist mathematical model and to analyze the performance of an alternative design for an emulsion polymerization reactor with internal angular baffles as static mixer. It is assumed to be a steady‐state, cylindrical one‐dimensional model having a fully developed laminar plug flow. The Smith‐Ewart model is used to estimate the monomer conversion, the kinetics is of Arrhenius type, and laminar finite‐rate model is assumed to compute chemical source terms. The objective of this work is to develop the finite volume method for the new emulsion polymerization tubular reactor with internal angle baffles. The performance of the alternative reactor is compared with continuous tubular reactor with constant reaction temperature. The simulations were validated with experimental results for the isothermal and tubular reactor, with a good concordance. The results with baffles were better than without baffles in relation to desired properties such as particle size and viscosity. The problem is sufficiently well solved by finite volume method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6037–6048, 2006
Preparation, characterization, and adsorption properties for metal ions of a novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol
Authors: Ji Chunnuan , Qu Rongjun , Bo Cao Cheng , Chen Huo , Xu Qiang , Sun Changmei , Wang Chunhua , Yuan Huafang , Zhou Jun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA novel chelating resin containing sulfoxide and diethylene glycol, poly{4‐vinylbenzyl‐[2‐2‐(hydroxyethyl)ethoxyl]sulfoxide} (PVESO) was synthesized using chloromethylated polystyrene (PS‐Cl) as material. Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption capacities of the resin for Hg2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ at various pH values were determined. The maximum adsorption capacities for Hg2+ and Ag+ were 1.56 and 0.75 mmol g−1 respectively. The resin had high selectivity for Hg2+ and Ag+ over the pH range 1.0–7.0. The adsorption capacities for Hg2+ and Ag+ under competitive condition were also determined by batch experiment method. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of the resin towards Hg2+ at different temperatures was also investigated. The results showed that the adsorption rate was governed by film diffusion at 20°C and 25°C, by particle diffusion at 30°C and 35°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 6054–6059, 2006
Biological Evaluation of Chalcones and Analogues as Hypolipidemic Agents
Authors: Santos Lorena , Curi Pedrosa Rozangela , Correa Rogério , Cechinel Filho Valdir , Nunes Ricardo José , Yunes Rosendo Augusto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn order to evaluate the anti‐hyperlipidemic effect of synthetic chalcones and some analogues, nineteen compounds with different substituents in both rings were synthesized and hypolipidemic activities were measured in vivo using Triton WR1339 acute and hypercaloric chronic assays. 4′,4‐dichlorochalcone, 3′,4′,4‐trichlorochalcone, and 4′‐chlorochalcone gave an excellent decrease in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides in the acute assay. These compounds also showed significant anti‐lipidemic activity in the chronic assay.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Hydrazino and N‐Benzylidinehydrazino‐Substituted 4,8‐Dihydro‐1H,3H‐pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidin‐2,7‐dithiones
Authors: Sharma Pratibha , Rane Nilesh , Pandey Priti 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA number of novel pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐2,7‐dithone derivatives bearing hydrazino and N‐benzylidinehydrazino substitution were efficiently synthesized and screened for in vitro antibacterial activities against the representative panel of three Gram‐positive and two Gram‐negative bacteria. All the synthesized compounds showed the potent inhibitory action against Gram‐positive bacteria. Particularly, N‐benzylidinehydrazino‐substituted compounds imparted profound effect. Furthermore, the Connolly‐accessible surface area values were also calculated for the target compounds and correlated with the expressed biological activity.
Abrogation of skin disease in LUPUS‐prone MRL/FASlpr mice by means of a novel tylophorine analog
Authors: Choi Jin‐Young , Gao Wenli , Odegard Jared , Shiah Her‐Shyong , Kashgarian Michael , McNiff Jennifer M. , Baker David C. , Cheng Yung‐Chi , Craft Joseph 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo test the therapeutic effect of DCB‐3503, a synthetic compound derived from a natural product that inhibits NF‐κB, on end‐organ disease in the MRL‐Faslpr murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsEight‐week‐old female MRL/Faslpr mice were treated intraperitoneally with a low (2 mg/kg) or high (6 mg/kg) dose of DCB‐3503 for 10 weeks. Control groups were administered vehicle treatment alone (negative control) or 25 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (positive control). Mice were bled before (8 weeks) and during (13 weeks) treatment, and when they were killed (20 weeks), and serum samples were analyzed for total IgM and IgG levels and autoantibody titers. When the mice were killed, spleen and lymph nodes (axillary, brachial, and cervical) were examined by flow cytometric analysis. The presence of skin and renal disease was determined by histopathologic analysis.ResultsDCB‐3503 reduced anti–double‐stranded DNA and antichromatin autoantibodies and nearly abrogated inflammatory skin disease in MRL/Faslpr mice; however, it had little effect on histologic kidney disease. Treated mice did not have hematologic or hepatic toxicity. These data indicate that end‐organ disease in MRL/Faslpr mice responds differentially to NF‐κB inhibitor.ConclusionDCB‐3503 causes significant abrogation of skin disease in MRL/Faslpr mice and may potentially be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory skin disease in SLE.
The influence of aerobic fitness and fibromyalgia on cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Cook Dane B. , Nagelkirk Paul R. , Poluri Ashok , Mores John , Natelson Benjamin H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), accounting for comorbid fibromyalgia (FM) and controlling for aerobic fitness.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with CFS only, 23 patients with CFS plus FM, and 32 controls completed an incremental bicycle test to exhaustion. Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses were measured. Results were determined for the entire sample and for 18 subjects from each group matched for peak oxygen consumption.ResultsIn the overall sample, there were no significant differences in cardiorespiratory parameters between the CFS only group and the controls. However, the CFS plus FM group exhibited lower ventilation, lower end‐tidal CO2, and higher ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide compared with controls, and slower increases in heart rate compared with both patients with CFS only and controls. Peak oxygen consumption, ventilation, and workload were lower in the CFS plus FM group. Subjects in both the CFS only group and the CFS plus FM group rated exercise as more effortful than did controls. Patients with CFS plus FM rated exercise as significantly more painful than did patients with CFS only or controls. In the subgroups matched for aerobic fitness, there were no significant differences among the groups for any measured cardiorespiratory response, but perceptual differences in the CFS plus FM group remained.ConclusionWith matching for aerobic fitness, cardiorespiratory responses to exercise in patients with CFS only and CFS plus FM are not different from those in sedentary healthy subjects. While CFS patients with comorbid FM perceive exercise as more effortful and painful than do controls, those with CFS alone do not. These results suggest that aerobic fitness and a concurrent diagnosis of FM are likely explanations for currently conflicting data and challenge ideas implicating metabolic disease in the pathogenesis of CFS.
Premature induction of hypertrophy during in vitro chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells correlates with calcification and vascular invasion after ectopic transplantation in SCID mice
Authors: Pelttari Karoliina , Winter Anja , Steck Eric , Goetzke Katrin , Hennig Thea , Ochs Bjoern Gunnar , Aigner Thomas , Richter Wiltrud 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectiveFunctional suitability and phenotypic stability of ectopic transplants are crucial factors in the clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for articular cartilage repair, and might require a stringent control of chondrogenic differentiation. This study evaluated whether human bone marrow–derived MSCs adopt natural differentiation stages during induction of chondrogenesis in vitro, and whether they can form ectopic stable cartilage that is resistant to vascular invasion and calcification in vivo.MethodsDuring in vitro chondrogenesis of MSCs, the expression of 44 cartilage‐, stem cell–, and bone‐related genes and the deposition of aggrecan and types II and X collagen were determined. Similarly treated, expanded articular chondrocytes served as controls. MSC pellets were allowed to differentiate in chondrogenic medium for 3–7 weeks, after which the chondrocytes were implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice; after 4 weeks in vivo, samples were evaluated by histology.ResultsThe 3‐stage chondrogenic differentiation cascade initiated in MSCs was primarily characterized by sequential up‐regulation of common cartilage genes. Premature induction of hypertrophy‐related molecules (type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13) occurred before production of type II collagen and was followed by up‐regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity. In contrast, hypertrophy‐associated genes were not induced in chondrocyte controls. Whereas control chondrocyte pellets resisted calcification and vascular invasion in vivo, most MSC pellets mineralized, in spite of persisting proteoglycan and type II collagen content.ConclusionAn unnatural pathway of differentiation to chondrocyte‐like cells was induced in MSCs by common in vitro protocols. MSC pellets transplanted to ectopic sites in SCID mice underwent alterations related to endochondral ossification rather than adopting a stable chondrogenic phenotype. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether a more stringent control of MSC differentiation to chondrocytes can be achieved during cartilage repair in a natural joint environment.