bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of the main arterial branches by whole‐body contrast‐enhanced MRA in elderly subjects using limited user interaction and fast marching
Authors: Tizon Xavier , Lin Qingfen , Hansen Tomas , Borgefors Gunilla , Johansson Lars , Ahlström Håkan , Frimmel Hans 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurposeTo extract a graph model corresponding to a predefined set of arterial branches from whole‐body contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) data sets in elderly asymptomatic subjects, a high‐incidence group.Materials and MethodsMaximum intensity projections (MIPs) were used as an interface to place landmarks in the three‐dimensional (3D) data sets. These landmarks were linked together using fast marching to form a graph model of the arterial tree. Only vessels of interest were identified.ResultsWe tested our method on 10 subjects. We were able to build a graph model of the main arterial branches that performed well in the presence of vascular pathologies, such as stenosis and aneurysm. The results were rated by an experienced radiologist, with an overall success rate of 80%.ConclusionWe were able to extract chosen arterial branches in 3D whole‐body CE‐MRA images with a moderate amount of interaction using a single MIP projection. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Focal nodular hyperplasia: Intraindividual comparison of dynamic gadobenate dimeglumine‐ and ferucarbotran‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Daniele Marin  , Iannaccone Riccardo , Laghi Andrea , Catalano Carlo , Murakami Takamichi , Hori Masatoshi , Kim Tonsok , Passariello Roberto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurposeTo intraindividually compare the enhancement pattern of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) after dynamic administration of two bolus‐injectable liver‐specific MR contrast agents, ferucarbotran and gadobenate dimeglumine.Materials and MethodsA total of 19 patients with 24 FNHs underwent gadobenate dimeglumine‐ and ferucarbotran‐enhanced MRI during the hepatic arterial‐dominant phase (HAP; 25 seconds), the portal‐venous phase (PVP; 60 seconds), and the equilibrium phase (EP; 180 seconds). Hepatospecific phases were acquired on T1‐weighted images 120 minutes after gadobenate dimeglumine administration, and on T2‐weighted images 10 minutes after ferucarbotran administration. Lesion enhancement was independently analyzed by two observers. The kappa statistic was determined to evaluate the agreement between the enhancement patterns of the lesions.ResultsOn gadobenate dimeglumine–enhanced MR images during HAP, PVP, and EP, FNHs were: hyperintense (24/20/13); isointense (0/4/11); and hypointense (0/0/0). On ferucarbotran‐enhanced MR images during HAP, PVP, and EP, FNHs were: hyperintense (2/0/0); isointense (16/9/14); and hypointense (6/15/10). Overall, poor agreement between both contrast agents was observed. During the hepatospecific phases, most (20/24; 83%) FNHs showed a typical enhancement pattern during the delayed hepatospecific phase.ConclusionThe dynamic enhancement pattern of FNHs is significantly different between gadobenate dimeglumine– and ferucarbotran‐enhanced MRI. With respect to hepatospecific phase, the majority of FNHs showed a typical behavior on both contrast agents. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S100B in neuropathologic states: The CRP of the brain?
Authors: Sen Jon , Belli Antonio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn recent years there has been a proliferation of interest in the brain‐specific protein S100B, its many physiologic roles, and its behaviour in various neuropathologic conditions. Since the mid‐1960s, its wide variety of intracellular and extracellular activities has been elucidated, and it has also been implicated in an increasing number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. S100B is part of a superfamily of proteins, some of which (including S100B) have been implicated as calcium‐dependent regulatory proteins that modulate the activity of effector proteins or cells. S100B is primarily an astrocytic protein. Within cells, it may have a role in signal transduction, and it is involved in calcium homeostasis. Information about the functional implication of S100B secretion by astrocytes into the extracellular space is scant but there is substantial evidence that secreted glial S100B exerts trophic or toxic effects depending on its concentration. This review summarises the historic development and current knowledge of S100B, including recent interesting findings relating S100B to a diversity of CNS pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, schizophrenia, and Tourette's syndrome. These broad implications have led some workers to describe S100B as ‘the CRP (C‐reactive protein) of the brain.’ This review also examines S100B's potential role as a neurologic screening tool, or biomarker of CNS injury, analogous to the role of CRP as a marker of systemic inflammation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spastin and microtubules: Functions in health and disease
Authors: Salinas Sara , Carazo‐Salas Rafael E. , Proukakis Christos , Schiavo Giampietro , Warner Thomas T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSPG4, the gene encoding for spastin, a member of the ATPases associated with various cellular activities (AAA) family, is mutated in around 40% of cases of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD‐HSP). This group of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a progressive spasticity and lower limb weakness with degeneration of terminal axons in cortico‐spinal tracts and dorsal columns. Spastin has two main domains, a microtubule interacting and endosomal trafficking (MIT) domain at the N‐terminus and the C‐terminus AAA domain. Early studies suggested that spastin interacts with microtubules similarly to katanin, a member of the same subgroup of AAA. Recent evidence confirmed that spastin possesses microtubule‐severing activity but can also bundle microtubules in vitro. Understanding the physiologic and pathologic involvement of these activities and their regulation is critical in the study of HSP. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of phospholipase Cβ1 on the detergent‐resistant membrane microdomain prepared from the synaptic plasma membrane fraction of rat brain
Authors: Taguchi Katsutoshi , Kumanogoh Haruko , Nakamura Shun , Maekawa Shohei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe membrane microdomain (MD), such as detergent‐resistant low‐density membrane microdomain fraction (DRM), has been paid much attention because many signal‐transducing molecules are recovered in this fraction, although precise localization and interactions of these molecules are largely unclear. To identify neuronal MD‐localized proteins, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the DRM‐components of synaptic plasma membrane fraction (SPM) were produced and the antigens were characterized. One of the antigens reacted with two closely positioned bands of about 140 kDa in SDS‐PAGE and the antigen showed age‐dependent localization on DRM. The antigen was immunoprecipitated with the mAb after partial solubilization with 0.6 M NaCl from SPM‐derived DRM and identified as phospholipase Cβ1 through mass analysis. The identity was further confirmed with Western blotting using a specific polyclonal antibody. The enzyme purified from the DRM was activated by the α subunit of trimeric G protein, Gq, expressed in HEK293 cells. The lipid composition of the liposomes affected the enzymatic activity and the addition of NAP‐22, a neuronal DRM‐localized protein, inhibited the activity. These results suggest that there exists a signal‐transducing MD that performs important roles in neuronal functions through PIP2 signaling and Ca2+ mobilization. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation and positioning of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty: Three‐dimensional computer model analysis
Authors: Tang W.M. , Chiu K.Y. , Kwan M.F.Y. , Ng T.P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMal‐rotation of pelvis on the sagittal plane, which is common in patients with fixed spinal kyhposis, for example, ankylosing spondylitis, can cause error in cup positioning when hip arthroplasty is performed. The present study was performed to quantify the effects of sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation on the final cup position and to evaluate different methods of cup positioning to compensate for the mal‐rotation. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of computer tomograms of 15 sets of full pelvi was performed. Two methods of cup insertion were simulated and compared: a method mimicking genuine surgery (anatomical positioning) and one that compensates for the sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation (functional positioning). Sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation of more than 20°, if ignored, resulted in a cup with an anterversion of more than 30° and an inclination of more than 55°. Half of the cup surface was not in contact with host bone when the cup position was maintained at 20° anteversion and 45° inclination in a patient with 50° sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation. The usual method of cup positioning may need to be modified in patients with sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation in order to maintain the desired cup position. For each 10° of sagittal pelvic mal‐rotation beyond 20° of mal‐rotation, the cup needs to be put in such that it is 5° less inclined and anteverted. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 766–771, 2007
Determination of polyacetylenes in carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection
Authors: Christensen Lars P. , Kreutzmann Stine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection was developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of the carrot polyacetylenes falcarindiol (FaDOH), falcarindiol 3‐acetate (FaDOAc) and falcarinol (FaOH) in carrot root extracts. The optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a C18 column with a linear gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as mobile phases, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. All calibration curves of the three carrot polyacetylenes showed good linear regression (R2 >0.998) within the test ranges. The developed method showed good precision for quantification of all polyacetylenes with overall intraday and interday variation of less than 3.3% and with average recovery rates of 99.2, 96.8 and 99.7% for FaDOH, FaDOAc and FaOH, respectively. The LOD (S/N = 3) and LOQ (S/N = 10) were less than 0.19 and 0.42 μg/mL, respectively, for all analytes. The established method was successfully used to determine the spatial distribution of FaDOH, FaDOAc and FaOH in six carrot genotypes (Bolero, Independent, Line 1, Mello Yello, Purple Haze and Tornado) by analysing peeled carrots and the corresponding peels for these polyacetylenes.
Use of SPE‐GC/EIMS for residue analysis in wine elaborated from musts spiked with formulations of chlorpyriphos‐methyl, methiocarb, dicofol, and cyproconazol
Authors: Jiménez Juan José , Bernal José Luis , del Nozal María J. , Toribio Laura , Bernal José 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe likely presence in wine of residues of the active ingredient and its degradation products, besides the byproducts and excipients of the commercial formulation, has been investigated for four pesticides. Formulations containing chlorpyriphos‐methyl, methiocarb, dicofol, and cyproconazol were added to must, which was subjected to a usual vinification. The wines elaborated from must spiked with the formulation of chlorpyriphos‐methyl contained two pyridinol compounds in addition to excipients such as alkylbenzenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Methiocarb was hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding phenol, and various unidentified compounds related to cyproconazol were observed in wine. The residues of the dicofol‐containing formulation resulted to be dechlorination products; impurities from its commercial formulation were also detected in must and wine extracts. White wines contained higher amounts of residues than red wines. The residues were detected after an SPE followed by GC/EIMS in the scan mode. The concentrations of the active ingredients were determined by a matrix‐matched calibration to avoid quantitative errors arising from the matrix.
Comparative evaluation of extraction procedures and method validation for determination of carbohydrates in cereals and dairy products by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Jager Alessandra V. , Tonin Fernando G. , Tavares Marina F. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis work describes the development and application of two optimized electrolytes: 15 mmol/L sorbate, 0.2 mmol/L CTAB, and 35 mmol/L sodium hydroxide for the determination of fructose, glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and sucrose in cereals and 15 mmol/L sorbate, 0.3 mmol/L CTAB, and 55 mmol/L sodium hydroxide for the determination of fructose, glucose, galactose, lactose, and sucrose in dairy products. Both methods were validated with respect to linearity, limits of detection (using both signal‐to‐noise ratio and the Eurachem approach), recovery tests, and intra‐ and inter‐day precision exhibiting adequate performance. Additionally, statistically similar results were obtained in a comparative study of extraction procedures for carbohydrates using the AOAC protocol, ultrasound extraction, magnetic stirring, and sample dissolution.
Analytical determination of antioxidants in tomato: Typical components of the Mediterranean diet
Authors: Gómez‐Romero María , Arráez‐Román David , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiets in the countries of the Mediterranean basin are characterised by abundant plant foods (fruits, vegetables, breads, nuts, seeds, wine, and olive oil) and include fish and low‐fat dairy products. Among the vegetables, tomatoes are a main component of the traditional Mediterranean diet, which has been associated with health protection and longevity. Eating tomatoes has been associated with reduced risks of some types of cancer and other diseases. These beneficial properties appear to be related to the antioxidant content of the fruit, particularly carotenoids (lycopene and β‐carotene), ascorbic acid, and phenols, which may play a role in inhibiting reactions mediated by reactive oxygen species. Due to the importance of antioxidant compounds in tomatoes and tomato products, we present here an overview of current analytical methods (from 2000 until the present date) for determining the different antioxidants. The analytical procedures used to determine individual compounds involve extraction from the sample, analytical separation, and quantification. The choice of analytical method depends on the particular focus of the analysis and the kind of product analysed. High‐performance liquid chromatography is the technique of choice for the analysis of tomato antioxidants.
Rapid analysis of food products by means of high speed gas chromatography
Authors: Donato Paola , Quinto Tranchida Peter , Dugo Paola , Dugo Giovanni , Mondello Luigi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince the invention of GC, there has been an ever increasing interest within the chromatographic community for faster GC methods. This is obviously related to the fact that the number of samples subjected to GC analysis has risen greatly. Nowadays, in routine analytical applications, sample throughput is often the most important aspect considered when choosing an analytical method. Gas chromatographic instrumentation, especially in the last decade, has been subjected to continuous and considerable improvement. High‐speed injection systems, electronic gas pressure control, rapid oven heating/cooling and fast detection are currently available in a variety of commercial gas chromatographs. The main consequence of this favourable aspect is that high‐speed GC is being increasingly employed for routine analysis in different fields. Furthermore, the employment of dedicated software makes the passage from a conventional to a fast GC method a rather simple step. The present review provides an overview of the employment of fast GC techniques for the analysis of food constituents and contaminants. A brief historical and theoretical background is also provided for the approaches described.
Evaluation of the QuEChERS sample preparation approach for the analysis of pesticide residues in olives
Authors: Cunha Sara C. , Lehotay Steven J. , Mastovska Katerina , Fernandes José O. , Beatriz Maria , Oliveira P. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for extraction and cleanup of 16 pesticide residues of interest in olives and olive oil. These products contain a high lipid content, which can adversely affect pesticide recoveries and harm traditional chromatographic systems. For extraction, the main factors (oil and water content) were studied and optimized in experiments to maximize pesticide recoveries. Dispersive SPE with different sorbents was also investigated to minimize matrix coextractives and interferences. For analysis, a new automated DSI device was tested in GC‐MS to avoid nonvolatile coextractives from contaminating the instrument. LC‐MS/MS with positive ESI was used for those pesticides that were difficult to detect by GC‐MS. The final method was validated for olives in terms of recoveries, repeatabilities, and reproducibilities using both detection techniques. The results demonstrated that the method achieved acceptable quantitative recoveries of 70–109% with RSDs <20% for DSI‐GC‐MS and 88–130% with RSDs <10% for LC‐MS/MS, and LOQ at or below the regulatory maximum residue limits for the pesticides were achieved.
The economic return on education for hotel managers
Authors: Barros Carlos Pestana , Santos Carlos M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper estimates econometrically the economic return on education among Portuguese hotels managers, based on a survey carried out in 2003. A Mincerian human capital model is estimated. The main findings indicate that the rate of return is in the range 12–15%, signifying that Portuguese hotel managers are better paid than the average population. The results also indicate that in this sector, the return on education does not depend on the number of employees in the hotels in which the individual works, nor on the region where the hotel is situated. Gender has an impact in this labour market. Being a foreign manager has a positive impact on earnings, as is also the case for partners in the hotel company. The research draws the attention of hotel managers to the need to acquire human capital to enable them to perform their tasks effectively in a globalised world. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical Organization of Colloidal Particles: From Colloidal Crystallization to Supraparticle Chemistry
Authors: Edwards Erik W. , Wang Dayang , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent developments in the hierarchical organization of micro‐ and nanoparticles suggest a categorical shift in which the focus has changed from colloidal crystallization based on van der Waals forces to the assembly of clusters of a well‐controlled number of particles through various covalent and non‐covalent interactions, referred to here as supraparticle chemistry. This article highlights some of the advances that have been made during this transition and discusses some of the promising future directions that should be realized.magnified image
Analysis of single rock blocks for general failure modes under conservative and non‐conservative forces
Authors: Tonon F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAfter describing the kinematics of a generic rigid block subjected to large rotations and displacements, the Udwadia's General Principle of Mechanics is applied to the dynamics of a rigid block with frictional constraints to show that the reaction forces and moments are indeterminate. Thus, the paper presents an incremental‐iterative algorithm for analysing general failure modes of rock blocks subject to generic forces, including non‐conservative forces such as water forces. Consistent stiffness matrices have been developed that fully exploit the quadratic convergence of the adopted Newton–Raphson iterative scheme. The algorithm takes into account large block displacements and rotations, which together with non‐conservative forces make the stiffness matrix non‐symmetric. Also included in the algorithm are in situ stress and fracture dilatancy, which introduces non‐symmetric rank‐one modifications to the stiffness matrix. Progressive failure is captured by the algorithm, which has proven capable of detecting numerically challenging failure modes, such as rotations about only one point. Failure modes may originate from a limit point or from dynamic instability (divergence or flutter); equilibrium paths emanating from bifurcation points are followed by the algorithm. The algorithm identifies both static and dynamic failure modes. The calculation of the factor of safety comes with no overhead. Examples show the equilibrium path of a rock block that undergoes slumping failure must first pass through a bifurcation point, unless the block is laterally constrained. Rock blocks subjected to water forces (or other non‐conservative forces) may undergo flutter failure before reaching a limit point. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry for the characterisation of straw and chemically treated straw
Authors: Morrison Ian M. , Mulder Marcel M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOat straw was treated with different chemical reagents to remove specific components from the cell walls. The effects of these treatments were investigated using traditional wet‐chemical analyses and pyrolysis mass spectrometry (Py‐MS) in both electron impact and chemical ionization modes. Separate treatments with permanganate and chlorite dissolved the major portion of the lignin, while alkaline peroxide treatment dissolved a proportion of the non‐cellulose polysaccharides (NCPs). Combined chlorite and sodium hydroxide treatments removed most of the lignin and NCPs whereas peracetic acid treatment showed a slight decrease in both NCPs and lignin contents. Py‐MS thus confirmed the wet chemistry results by showing reductions in the ion markers for both lignin and NCPs, where appropriate. In addition, Py‐MS showed other changes, such as the removal of phenolic acids, in a single analysis while differences between the residues from permanganate and chlorite treatment were also observed even though the chemical analyses gave virtually identical results.
Use of specific dyes in the detection of antimicrobial compounds from crude plant extracts using a thin layer chromatography agar overlay technique
Authors: Saxena Geeta , Farmer Susan , Towers G. H. N. , Hancock R. E. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn improved bioautographic agar overlay method was developed for the detection of antimicrobial compounds from crude plant extracts using phenol red and a tetrazolium compound as dyes to improve resolution. This method worked successfully with a wide variety of microorganisms including a number of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria and fungi. Phenol red and the test organisms were incorporated directly into nutrient agar that was overlayed onto a thin layer chromatogram of plant extracts. In the case of bacteria, after spraying with thiazolyl blue (methylthiazolyltetrazolium chloride), dark red coloured inhibition zones appeared against blue background. Satisfactory results were obtained even with those compounds which were present in very small quantities. This method proved to be useful for activity‐guided fractionation or for target‐directed isolation of the active constituents of plants.