bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cut‐off score of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale for screening dementia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Llebaria Gisela , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime , García‐Sánchez Carmen , Pascual‐Sedano Berta , Gironell Alexandre , Martínez‐Corral Mercè 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe prevalence of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is close to 30%, and its incidence is 4 to 6 times higher than in age‐matched general population. PD with dementia (PDD) is mainly characterized by a predominant and progressive frontal‐subcortical impairment. The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) is a commonly used screening test that sensitively measures the degree of frontal‐subcortical defects. Although the MDRS has been validated as a screening test of cognitive dysfunction in nondemented PD patients (PD‐ND), its utility for screening dementia in PD is unknown. In order to validate the MDRS for diagnosis of PDD it was prospectively administered to 92 PD patients (57 PD‐ND, 35 PDD) fulfilling UK‐PDSBB criteria. Dementia was diagnosed according to DSM‐IV‐TR and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale score ≥1. Univariate, logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis were carried out to measure the discriminative power of MDRS in PDD. Regression analysis showed MDRS total scores to independently differentiate PD‐ND from PDD (P < 0.001). Age and education did not predict the presence of dementia. ROC curve analysis showed a cut‐off score of ≤123 on the MDRS total scores to yield high sensitivity (92.65%), specificity (91.4%), positive and negative predictive values (PPV 83.3%, NPV 96.4%). A brief version of the MDRS obtained by the addition of the memory, initiation/perseveration, and conceptualization subscores yielded similar discriminant properties. The MDRS has an excellent discriminant ability to diagnose dementia in PD and provides an objective measure to distinguish PD‐ND from PDD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Nanofiltration membranes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene)‐graft‐poly(styrene sulfonic acid)
Authors: Koh Joo Hwan , Kim Yong Woo , Park Jung Tae , Min Byoung Ryul , Kim Jong Hak 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGraft copolymers comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐chlorotrifluoroethylene) backbone and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) side chains, i.e. P(VDF‐co‐CTFE)‐g‐PSSA were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for composite nanofiltration (NF) membranes. Direct initiation of the secondary chlorinated site of CTFE units facilitates grafting of PSSA, as revealed by FT‐IR spectroscopy. The successful “grafting from” method and the microphase‐separated structure of the graft copolymer were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) also showed the decrease in the crystallinity of P(VDF‐co‐CTFE) upon graft copolymerization. Composite NF membranes were prepared from P(VDF‐co‐CTFE)‐g‐PSSA as a top layer coated onto P(VDF‐co‐CTFE) ultrafiltration support membrane. Both the rejections and the flux of composite membranes increased with increasing PSSA concentration due to the increase in SO3H groups and membrane hydrophilicity, as supported by contact angle measurement. The rejections of NF membranes containing 47 wt% of PSSA were 83% for Na2SO4 and 28% for NaCl, and the solution flux were 18 and 32 L/m2 hr, respectively, at 0.3 MPa pressure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pharmaceutical samples of Resina Draconis by HPLC‐PAD
Authors: Gong Wenjun , Cao Yuhua , Wang Yun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIntroduction: The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents a particular challenge owing to the complexity of the matrix, which renders separation and identification of the individual components extremely difficult. In recent years, fingerprinting of TCMs has played a dominant role in quality control. Resina Draconis was authorised as a new TCM in 1991, but a satisfactory HPLC fingerprint method for this preparation has not yet been published.Objective: To develop a simple and reliable protocol for the quality control of Resina Draconis using an HPLC‐PAD method.Methodology: The TCM was extracted with methanol at room temperature. Chromatography was carried out using a Lichrospher C18 column eluted with a linear gradient of acetonitrile (A) and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid (B), initially at 30:70 (A:B) and changing to 60:40 in 90 min. UV (PAD) spectra were acquired in the range 210–400 nm.Results: Four chromatograms of samples of Resina Draconis obtained from different pharmaceutical factories showed 20 peaks in common. The average chromatogram was taken as a template from which the correlation coefficients and cosine ratios of the samples were determined. Whereas the contents of individual components in each sample were different, overall the samples were extremely similar one to another, and the products from different pharmaceutical factories were consistent.Conclusion: A reliable and validated HPLC method has been developed for the fingerprint analysis of Resina Draconis that can be applied for the quality control of this TCM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparative isolation of closely‐related xanthones from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta by High‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Urbain Aurélie , Marston Andrew , Batsuren Dulamjav , Purev Ondognii , Hostettmann Kurt 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIntroduction – A methanolic extract from Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta was shown to contain several xanthones exhibiting acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. These xanthones were difficult to separate by conventional LC techniques, which prevented the isolation of pure compounds in sufficient amounts to perform in‐depth biological testing.Objective – To develop a suitable preparative method for the separation of closely related xanthones.Methodology – The methanolic extract was first partitioned with solvents of increasing polarity, in order to separate glycosides from xanthone aglycones. High‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) methods were then optimised for the fractionation of both polar and non‐polar extracts.Results – The use of HSCCC enabled the separation of xanthones which co‐eluted by HPLC. Ten closely related xanthones—three of which were isomeric—were successfully isolated by developing suitable solvent systems. All compounds were obtained in sufficient amounts to allow further biological assays (e.g. up to 250 mg), including even minor compounds that were not detectable by analytical HPLC.Conclusion – The orthogonality of HSCCC with HPLC and the absence of solid‐phase supports enabled the detection, separation and preparative isolation of closely related compounds which were difficult to resolve by other techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computerized definitions showed high positive predictive values for identifying hospitalizations for congestive heart failure and selected infections in Medicaid enrollees with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Grijalva Carlos G. , Chung Cecilia P. , Stein C. Michael , Gideon Patricia S. , Dyer Shannon M. , Mitchel Edward F. , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPurposeComputerized definitions are used to identify serious infections and congestive heart failure leading to hospitalizations in studies of medication safety. However, information on their accuracy is limited. We evaluated the ability of computerized definitions to identify these conditions as the reason for admission among patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsMedical charts were randomly selected from a systematic sample of hospitalizations for selected conditions in a cohort of Medicaid patients with RA. We calculated positive predictive values (PPVs) for computerized definitions for community‐acquired pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease, sepsis, opportunistic mycoses, and congestive heart failure using charts reviews as gold standard and computed inter‐reviewer agreement statistics.ResultsFrom 2667 hospitalizations, 336 (13%) records were selected for review. A total of 277 charts (82%) were available. Based on any discharge diagnosis, PPVs for hospitalizations due to community‐acquired pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease, sepsis, and opportunistic mycoses were 84, 100, 80, and 62%, respectively. Restricting definitions to principal diagnoses yielded higher PPVs, 95% for pneumonia and 100% for other diagnoses. The PPV of a principal diagnosis for congestive heart failure was 100%. Inter‐reviewer agreement was at least 77% for all outcomes.ConclusionThese findings suggest that computerized definitions can identify congestive heart failure and selected infections leading to hospitalization in Medicaid patients with RA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of growth phase‐dependent proteome profiles reveals differential regulation of mRNA and protein in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Choi Young Wook , Park Shin Ae , Lee Hyang Woo , Kim Dong Su , Lee Na Gyong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a slow growing, microaerophilic bacterium that causes various gastric diseases. To understand the growth phase‐dependent global regulation of protein in H. pylori, we analyzed the proteome profiles of H. pylori 26695 harvested during the course of in vitro culture. Temporal changes in protein profiles were assessed using three independent cultures harvested at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h. Compared with the protein spots obtained at 6 h, 151 protein spots obtained at other time points exhibited significantly altered intensity, with 57 of these protein spots identified by MALDI‐TOF MS analysis. Clustering analysis showed that overall protein profile was coordinated in accordance with the growth phases of the culture. When we compared mRNA transcript levels of the identified proteins, obtained from RT‐PCR analysis, with their protein levels, we observed substantial discrepancies in their patterns, suggesting that the transcriptome and proteome of H. pylori were differentially regulated during in vitro culture. Proteomic analysis also suggested that several H. pylori proteins underwent PTMs, some of which were modulated as a function of the growth phase of the culture. These findings indicate that H. pylori utilizes modulation of protein regulation and PTM as mechanisms to cope with changing growth environments. These observations should provide insight into the adaptive mechanisms employed by H. pylori within the context of growth environments.
Dendritic cell‐derived interferon‐γ‐induced protein mediates tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation of human lung fibroblasts
Authors: Liao Wupeng , Bao Zhang , Cheng Chang , Mok Yu‐Keung , Wong W. S. Fred 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLung fibroblast plays a pivotal role in lung repair and remodeling, and also contributes to lung inflammation. The present study investigated differential protein profiling of normal human lung fibroblasts stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Total proteins from lung fibroblasts were separated by 2‐DE, and differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. TNF‐α was found for the first time to alter the expression levels of myxovirus resistance protein A, interferon‐stimulated gene 15, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐2, lysyl hydroxylase 2 (isoform a), and prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (α subunit) in human lung fibroblasts. In particular, dendritic cell‐derived interferon‐γ‐induced protein (DCIP) was upregulated by TNF‐α in lung fibroblasts and its biological function is at present unknown. We found that TNF‐α‐induced DCIP expression was dependent on the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor‐1. DCIP‐selective antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited the expression of TNF‐α‐responsive gene targets including vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, IP‐10, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. In a lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury mouse model, DCIP mRNA level was elevated together with that of TNF‐α. We have demonstrated for the first time that DCIP is upregulated by TNF‐α and also mediates TNF‐α stimulation of human lung fibroblasts. Further studies on the role of DCIP in airway inflammation and remodeling are warranted.
Differential proteomics in the aging Noble rat ventral prostate
Authors: Lam Ying Wai , Tam Neville N. C. , Evans James E. , Green Karin M. , Zhang Xiang , Ho Shuk‐Mei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIncidence of prostatic diseases increases dramatically with age which may be related to a decline in androgen support. However, the key mechanisms underlying prostate aging remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the aging process in the ventral prostate (VP) of Noble rats by identifying differentially expressed prostate proteins between 3‐ and 16‐month‐old animals using ICAT and MS. In total, 472 proteins were identified with less than a 1% false positive rate, among which 34 were determined to have a greater than two‐fold increase or 1.7‐fold decrease in expression in the aged VPs versus their younger counterparts. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins identified have not been previously reported to be associated with prostate aging, and they fall into specific functional categories, including oxidative stress/detoxification, chaperones, protein biosynthesis, vesicle transport, and intracellular trafficking. The expression of GST, ferritin, clusterin, kininogen, oxygen regulated protein 150, spermidine synthase, ADP ribosylation factor, and cyclophilin B was verified by Western blot analyses on samples used for the ICAT study, as well as on those obtained from an independent group of animals comprised of three age groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the proteome of the aging rat prostate.
Aberrant expression of developmentally important signaling molecules in cloned porcine extraembryonic tissues
Authors: Chae Jung‐Il , Yu Kweon , Cho Seong‐Keun , Kim Jin‐Hoi , Koo Deog‐Bon , Lee Kyung‐Kwang , Han Yong‐Mahn 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEarly embryonic losses are common in cloned embryos in the current cloning system. However, the reasons for embryonic losses in early developmental stages of cloned embryos remain unclear. To elucidate the cause of early defective development in cloned embryos, two porcine clones including extraembryonic tissues were obtained at 26 days of gestation. The expression of various molecules in developmentally important signaling pathways, including Notch, hedgehog (Hh), receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), wingless related (Wnt), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), was then examined in the extraembryonic tissues. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of key molecules involved in the Notch, Hh, RTK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways was downregulated, whereas most Wnt and TGF‐β signaling pathway molecules were upregulated in cloned extraembryonic tissues compared to normal extraembryonic tissues. These results indicate that unbalanced coordination of signaling pathways might impair the early development of cloned embryos postimplantation, thereby resulting in embryonic losses during the first trimester.
Infrared‐assisted tryptic proteolysis for peptide mapping
Authors: Wang Sheng , Zhang Luyan , Yang Pengyuan , Chen Gang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this report, infrared (IR) radiation was employed to enhance the efficiency of tryptic proteolysis for peptide mapping. Protein solutions containing trypsin in sealed transparent Eppendorf tubes were allowed to digest under an IR lamp at 37ºC. The feasibility and performance of the novel proteolysis approach were demonstrated by the digestion of BSA and myoglobin (MYO) and the digestion time was significantly reduced to 5 min. The obtained digests were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS with the sequence coverages of 69% (BSA) and 90% (MYO) that were much better than those obtained by conventional in‐solution tryptic digestion. The present IR‐assisted proteolysis strategy is simple and efficient, offering great promise for high‐throughput protein identification.
Reasons for rapid readmission to general adult psychiatry wards
Authors: Chakraborty Nandini , Aryiku Charles 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRapid readmission to psychiatry wards (the ‘revolving doors’ scenario) is a common source of frustration to both patients and the teams treating them. However, the reasons behind these rapid readmissions have not been closely studied previously.Here, the authors describe their retrospective study investigating the reasons behind the readmissions that had taken place in the general adult psychiatry wards of a Scottishhospital within 30 days of the last discharge. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Causes and clinical characteristics of headache in ischaemic stroke
Authors: Raghunathan Senthil , Richard Bella , Khanna Pradeep 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHeadache is a common symptom of all types of stroke,including ischaemic stroke,but it is often overlooked as a result of clinicians concentrating on other clinical signs and the further management of the patient. In this article,the authors discuss the prevalence,possible aetiology and clinical characteristics of headache in ischaemic stroke. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Copolymers of methyl methacrylate and fluoroalkyl methacrylates: Effects of fluoroalkyl groups on the thermal and optical properties of the copolymers
Authors: Zhou Dingying , Teng Hongxiang , Koike Koutarou , Koike Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFluoroalkyl methacrylates, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (1), hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate (2), 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐methyl‐2‐propyl methacrylate (3), and perfluoro t‐butyl methacrylate (4) were synthesized. Homopolymers and copolymers of these fluoroalkyl methacrylates with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared and characterized. With the exception of the copolymers of MMA and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (1), the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of the copolymers were found to deviate positively from the Gordon‐Taylor equation. The positive deviation from the Gordon‐Taylor equation could be accounted for by the dipole–dipole intrachain interaction between the methyl ester group and the fluoroalkyl ester group of the monomer units. These Tg values of the copolymers were found to fit with the Schneider equation. The fitting parameters in the Schneider equation were calculated, and R2 values, the coefficients of determination, were almost 1.0. The refractive indices of the copolymers, measured at 532, 633, and 839 nm wavelengths, were lower than that of PMMA and showed a linear relationship with monomer composition in the copolymers. 2 and MMA have a tendency to polymerize in an alternating uniform monomer composition, resulting in less light scattering. This result suggests that the copolymer prepared with an equal molar ratio of 2 and MMA may have useful properties with applications in optical devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4748–4755, 2008
Synthesis of multiblock hyperbranched‐linear poly(ether sulfone) copolymers
Authors: Grunzinger Stephen J. , Hayakawa Teruaki , Kakimoto Masa‐Aki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHyperbranched poly(ether sulfone) was prepared in the presence of an oligomeric linear poly(ether sulfone) to generate multiblock hyperbranched‐linear (LxHB) copolymers. The LxHB copolymers were prepared in a two‐step, one‐pot synthesis by first polymerizing AB monomer to generate a linear block of a desired molecular weight followed by addition of the AB2 monomer in a large excess (19:1, AB2:AB) to generate the hyperbranched block. NMR integration analysis indicates that AB2:AB ratio is independent of the reaction time. Because the molecular weight still increases with reaction time, these results suggest that polymer growth continues after consumption of monomer by condensation into a multiblock architecture. The LxHB poly(ether sulfone)s have better thermal stability (10% mass loss > 343 vs. 317 °C) and lower Tg (200 vs. > 250 °C) than the hyperbranched homopolymer, higher Tg than the linear homopolymer (<154 °C), while little difference in the solubility character was observed between the two polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4785–4793, 2008
An efficient process for synthesizing and hydrolyzing a phosphonated methacrylate: Investigation of the adhesive and anticorrosive properties
Authors: El Asri Zhor , Chougrani Kamel , Negrell‐Guirao Claire , David Ghislain , Boutevin Bernard , Loubat Cédric 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new phosphonated methacrylate, namely dimethyl(methacryloyloxy)methyl phosphonate (MAPC1), has been synthesized using paraformaldehyde and potassium carbonate according to the Pudovik reaction. The quantitative synthesis of MAPC1 was followed by selective hydrolysis of the ester group with sodium bromide to replace NaI (imparting non‐negligible ecological impact). Pure MAPC1(OH) was obtained in high yield and efficiently copolymerized with MMA. The r1 for MAPC1(OH)) and r2 (for MMA) values are 0.99 and 1.02, respectively, which indicates that the monophosphonic groups are statistically linked to the methacrylate backbone. When blended with PVDF, MMA/MAPC1(OH) copolymers show very good adhesion promoters in both dry and wet conditions and subsequently provide good anticorrosive properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4794–4803, 2008
ATRP synthesis and association properties of thermoresponsive anionic block copolymers
Authors: Masci Giancarlo , Diociaiuti Marco , Crescenzi Vittorio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThermosensitive anionic block copolymers of sodium 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) with different block lengths were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Controlled polymerization was achieved by using ethyl 2‐chloropropionate (ECP) as initiator and CuCl/CuCl2/tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine (Me6TREN) catalytic system in DMF:water 50:50 (v/v) mixtures at 20 °C. Blocks lengths ranging from 36 to 98 repeating units were obtained. The association properties in aqueous solutions at different NaCl ionic strengths were studied as a function of temperature and polymer concentration by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and energy‐filtered transmission electron microscopy. The block copolymers with a higher pNIPAAM/pAMPS ratio formed spherical core‐shell type micelles independently of the ionic strength. The block copolymers with lower pNIPAAM/pAMPS ratio formed core‐shell type micelles at high ionic strength. Larger particles were observed at low ionic strength, which could be due to the formation of vesicles or compound micelles/micellar clusters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4830–4842, 2008