bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relevance of DC-SIGN in DC-induced T cell proliferation
Authors: Gijzen Karlijn , Tacken Paul J , Zimmerman Aukje , Joosten Ben , de Vries I Jolanda M , Figdor Carl G , Torensma Ruurd 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe role of dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) in DC-T cell communication was assessed by analyzing the effect of DC-SIGN-blocking mAb in MLR. The results show that the degree of inhibition by DC-SIGN and LFA-1 mAb depends on the magnitude of the MLR and the maturation status of the DC. Addition of DC-SIGN mAb at several time-points during MLR showed that DC-SIGN is involved early on in DC-T cell contacts. This initial role is masked by strong adhesive and costimulatory mechanisms, indicating a short-lived effect of DC-SIGN in DC-T cell interactions. To examine this concept in more detail, the percentage of PBL capable of binding DC-SIGN was determined. Analysis of several donors revealed that 1–20% PBL bind to beads coated with recombinant DC-SIGN, and the DC-SIGN-binding cells comprised all major cell subsets found in blood. PBL isolated from a donor with high DC-SIGN-binding capacity were more prone to blocking by DC-SIGN mAb in MLR than PBL from a donor with low DC-SIGN-binding capacity. This study indicates an initial and transient role for DC-SIGN in T cell proliferation, which becomes apparent when T cell proliferation is low and when the percentage of DC-SIGN binding PBL is high.
The CD14+ CD16+ blood monocytes: their role in infection and inflammation
Authors: Ziegler-Heitbrock Loems 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBlood monocyte subpopulations have been defined in man initially, and the two major types of monocytes are the CD14++ CD16− and the CD14+ CD16+ monocytes. These cells have been shown to exhibit distinct phenotype and function, and the CD14+ CD16+ were labeled proinflammatory based on higher expression of proinflammatory cytokines and higher potency in antigen presentation. The current review describes these properties, including the relationship to dendritic cells, and summarizes the host of publications about CD14+ CD16+ monocytes in inflammation and infectious disease in man, all of which suggest a crucial role of these cells in the disease processes. The review also covers the more recent description of homologues of these cells in other model species, which is expected to better define the role of monocyte subsets in disease.
Perinatal circumstances and risk of offspring
suicide
Authors: Riordan Daniel V. , Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam , Stark Cameron , Gilbert Julie S. E. 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundA higher risk of suicide has been associated with low birth weight in one
study, but not yet replicated. Higher birth order has been associated
with self-harm, but not with suicide.AimsTo examine the relationship between perinatal circumstances and
subsequent young adult suicide in Scotland.MethodUsing linked data from the Scottish Morbidity Record and Scottish death
records, a birth cohort of 1 061 830 people was followed-up for a mean of
25.1 years. Data were analysed using Cox regression.ResultsHigher maternal parity, younger maternal age (<25 years),
non-professional parental occupations and low birth weight (<2500 g)
were independently associated with higher suicide risk of offspring as
young adults. There was no independent association with gestational
age.ConclusionsOur findings provide support for the influence of maternal circumstance
and foetal experience on subsequent mental health.
Long-term course of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia
Authors: Morrison Gary , O'Carroll Ronan , McCreadie Robin 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the long-term course of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia. Forty-three people with schizophrenia were followed up over an average of 33 years along with a control group of 12 matched individuals free from psychosis. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and follow-up. The participants with schizophrenia were found to show impairment in verbal and non-verbal intelligence at baseline compared with estimated premorbid scores, this was not found in the control group. At follow-up there was a significant decline in non-verbal intelligence over time in participants with schizophrenia compared with controls (P=0.007). This differential change over time was not seen in verbal intelligence (P= 0.318).
Delayed early proprioceptive information processing in
schizophrenia
Authors: Arnfred Sidse Marie , Hemmingsen Ralf P. , Parnas Josef 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIt was first suggested that disordered proprioception was a core feature of
schizophrenia by Sandor Rado in 1953. Using a recently designed
proprioceptive event-related potential paradigm based on a change of load,
we studied 12 unmedicated male out-patients with schizophrenia and 24
controls. In the patients, the early contralateral parietal activity was
delayed and later central activity had increased amplitude, but gating was
unaffected. The results could be understood within the ‘deficiency of
corollary discharge’ model of schizophrenia but not within the ‘filtering’
theory. Further studies, including psychiatric controls, are necessary to
verify the specificity of the abnormality.
Processing facial emotions in adults with velo-cardio-facial
syndrome: functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Van Amelsvoort Therese , Schmitz Nicole , Daly Eileen , Deeley Quinton , Critchley Hugo , Henry Jayne , Robertson Dene , Owen Michael , Murphy Kieran C. , Murphy Declan G. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryWe studied the functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour in
velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) using a facial emotional processing task
and functional magnetic resonance imaging in adults with this syndrome and
controls matched for age and IQ. The VCFS group had less activation in the
right insula and frontal brain regions and more activation in occipital
regions. Genetically determined abnormalities in pathways including those
involved in emotional processing may underlie deficits in social cognition
in people with VCFS.
Influence of sub-syndromal symptoms after remission from manic
or mixed episodes
Authors: Tohen Mauricio , Bowden Charles L. , Calabrese Joseph R. , Lin Daniel , Forrester Tammy D. , Sachs Gary S. , Koukopoulos Athanasios , Yatham Lakshmi , Grunze Heinz 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundSub-syndromal symptoms in bipolar disorder impair functioning and
diminish quality of life.AimsTo examine factors associated with time spent with sub-syndromal symptoms
and to characterise how these symptoms influence outcomes.MethodIn a double-blind randomised maintenance trial, patients received either
olanzapine or lithium monotherapy for 1 year. Stepwise logistic
regression models were used to identify factors that were significant
predictors of percentage time spent with sub-syndromal symptoms. The
presence of sub-syndromal symptoms during the first 8 weeks was examined
as a predictor of subsequent relapse.ResultsPresence of sub-syndromal depressive symptoms during the first 8 weeks
significantly increased the likelihood of depressive relapse (relative
risk 4.67, P<0.001). Patients with psychotic features
and those with a greater number of previous depressive episodes were more
likely to experience sub-syndromal depressive symptoms (RR=2.51,
P<0.001 and RR=2.35, P=0.03
respectively).ConclusionsThese findings help to identify patients at increased risk of affective
relapse and suggest that appropriate therapeutic interventions should be
considered even when syndromal-level symptoms are absent.
Facial emotion processing in criminal
psychopathy
Authors: Deeley Quinton , Daly Eileen , Surguladze Simon , Tunstall Nigel , Mezey Gill , Beer Dominic , Ambikapathy Anita , Robertson Dene , Giampietro Vincent , Brammer Michael J. , Clarke Amory , Dowsett John , Fahy Tom , Phillips Mary L. , Murphy Declan G. 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundIt has been suggested that people with psychopathic disorders lack
empathy because they have deficits in processing distress cues (e.g.
fearful facial expressions).AimsTo investigate brain function when individuals with psychopathy and a
control group process facial emotion.MethodUsing event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging we compared six
people scoring ⩾25 on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised and nine
non-psychopathic healthy volunteers during an implicit emotion processing
task using fearful, happy and neutral faces.ResultsThe psychopathy group showed significantly less activation than the
control group in fusiform and extrastriate cortices when processing both
facial emotions. However, emotion type affected response pattern. Both
groups increased fusiform and extrastriate cortex activation when
processing happy faces compared with neutral faces, but this increase was
significantly smaller in the psychopathy group. In contrast, when
processing fearful faces compared with neutral faces, the control group
showed increased activation but the psychopathy group decreased
activation in the fusiform gyrus.ConclusionsPeople with psychopathy have biological differences from controls when
processing facial emotion, and the pattern of response differs according
to emotion type.
Risk factors for common mental disorders in women
Authors: Patel Vikram , Kirkwood Betty R. , Pednekar Sulochana , Weiss Helen , Mabey David 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundThe determinants of common mental disorders in women have not been described in longitudinal studies from a low-income country.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of 2494 women aged 18 to 50 years, in India. The Revised Clinical Interview Schedule was used for the detection of common mental disorders.ResultsThere were 39 incident cases of common mental disorder in 2166 participants eligible for analysis (12-month rate 1.8%, 95% CI 1.3–2.4%). The following baseline factors were independently associated with the risk for common mental disorder: poverty (low income and having difficulty making ends meet); being married as compared with being single; use of tobacco; experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge; reporting a chronic physical illness; and having higher psychological symptom scores at baseline.ConclusionsProgrammes to reduce the burden of common mental disorder in women should target poorer women, women with chronic physical illness and who have gynaecological symptoms, and women who use tobacco.
Collaborative care for depression in primary
care
Authors: Bower Peter , Gilbody Simon , Richards David , Fletcher Janine , Sutton Alex 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundThe management of depression in primary care is a significant issue for
health services worldwide. ‘Collaborative care’ interventions are
effective, but little is known about which aspects of these complex
interventions are essential.AimsTo use meta-regression to identify ‘active ingredients' in collaborative
care models for depression in primary care.MethodStudies were identified using systematic searches of electronic
databases. The content of collaborative care interventions was coded,
together with outcome data on antidepressant use and depressive symptoms.
Meta-regression was used to examine relationships between intervention
content and outcomes.ResultsThere was no significant predictor of the effect of collaborative care on
antidepressant use. Key predictors of depressive symptom outcomes
included systematic identification of patients, professional background
of staff and specialist supervision.ConclusionsMeta-regression may be useful in examining ‘active ingredients' in
complex interventions in mental health.
New Findings on Anaplasmosis Caused by Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Authors: LILLINI EUGENIO , MACRÌ GLADIA , PROIETTI GABRIELLA , SCARPULLA MANUELA 
Published: November 2006

Abstract:
Ixodes ricinus (I. ricinus) is one of the vectors of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) in Europe, in which rates of infection range from 1.9% to 34%. In 1998, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis‐like (HGE‐like) Ehrlichia DNA was detected in Italy, by PCR technique in one I. ricinus nymph out of 55 ticks that were examined. In 1996, 6.3% of 310 human sera in high‐risk subjects from Italy were found positive for antibodies to Ehrlichia phagocytophila (E. phagocytophila). In the same year, the authors reported the first case of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. In 1997, only 2 out of 563 equine blood samples examined were found positive for antibodies to E. phagocytophila in the Latium region. In 1998, serological positivity was not observed in 14 symptomatic race horses. In 2002, a symptomatic horse living in Rome was found positive for Ehrlichia equi (E. equi) antibodies, as confirmed by PCR. E. equi was also demonstrated in horses by detection of specific antibodies from two asymptomatic ponies. We tested 128 sera from sheep in different flocks, and antibodies to E. phagocytophila were detected in 17 sera (13.3%) of these sheep. From 2000 to 2004, 147 dog sera were tested for antibodies against A. phagocytophilum, and 7 of these sera were positive (4.8%). These data confirm the presence of the infection in human, domestic animals, and pets in Italy. Studies are under way to correlate the distributions of the disease and tick vector, I. ricinus.
Phase II Study of Cisplatin Plus Epirubicin Salvage Chemotherapy in Refractory Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Bedano Pablo M. , Brames Mary J. , Williams Stephen D. , Juliar Beth E. , Einhorn Lawrence H. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Initial cisplatin (CIS) combination chemotherapy will cure 70% of patients with disseminated testicular cancer. This phase II clinical trial evaluated the combination of CIS plus epirubicin (CIS-EPI) in patients with metastatic germ cell tumors (GCT) not amenable to cure with standard salvage therapy. Patients and Methods Between March 2001 and August 2005, 30 patients with GCT, who had received at least one previous CIS-based regimen, were enrolled. All patients were males, with median age 36 (range, 24 to 45 years). Twenty-one patients (70%) had experienced late relapses (> 2 years). Patients received EPI 90 mg/m2 on day 1 and CIS 20 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks for maximum of four cycles. Results Nineteen (63%) of 30 patients received all four cycles. Toxicity was primarily hematologic: grade 3/4 neutropenia, four patients (one neutropenic fever); two patients had grade 3 thrombocytopenia, and five patients had grade 3/4 anemia. Nonhematologic toxicity was grade 3 acute renal failure in two patients; grade 3 electrolyte wasting in two patients; grade 3 nausea/vomiting in eight patients; grade 3 elevation of aminotransferases in one patient; and grade 3 diarrhea in one patient. There were no occurrences of severe mucositis, cardiotoxicity, or treatment-related deaths. Nine patients achieved a complete remission; seven of these patients remain without evidence of disease at 25+, 27+, 29+, 44+, 45+, 46+, and 48+ months. One patient remains alive with stable pulmonary nodules at 28+ months. Conclusion CIS-EPI is an active regimen in metastatic GCT, with an acceptable toxicity profile. This regimen offers potential for long-term disease-free survival in this population.
Immunohistochemical Patterns of Reactive Microenvironment Are Associated With Clinicobiologic Behavior in Follicular Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Álvaro Tomás , Lejeune Marylène , Salvadó Maria-Teresa , Lopez Carlos , Jaén Joaquín , Bosch Ramón , Pons Lluis E. 
Published: November 2006

PurposeRecent molecular data have suggested that non-neoplastic cells are powerful modulators that may confer a selective advantage or disadvantage on the outcome of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients.Patients and MethodsThe prevalence of the principal inflammatory and immune-infiltrated cells was measured immunohistochemically in the tissue of 211 FL patients, and associations were sought with their traditional clinicobiologic characteristics.ResultsOur results confirmed the presence of a large number of T lymphocytes (CD4+and CD8+) and CD57+cells and, at a moderate level, the presence of TIA-1+cytotoxic cells, CD68+macrophages, CD123+plasmacytoid cells, and FOXP3+regulatory T cells among the pool of non-neoplastic cells. In addition to the conventional clinical variables, univariate analysis identified a low level of infiltrated CD8+T lymphocytes as a significantly negative prognostic factor of overall survival. The following significant differences in the abundance of cells of specific and nonspecific immunity were observed in relation to the clinicobiologic features of FL: (1) a reactive microenvironment mainly made up of T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly associated with a favorable clinical behavior of FL patients; and (2) a reactive microenvironment infiltrated predominantly by CD57+T cells was associated with a significantly higher frequency of adverse clinicobiologic manifestations such as “B” symptoms and bone marrow involvement.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the existence of two specific patterns in the reactive microenvironment of FL, an immunosurveillance pattern (T lymphocytes and macrophages) and an immune-escape pattern (CD57+T cells), that were directly associated with the clinicobiologic features of these patients.
Phase III Trial Comparing Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide With Docetaxel Plus Cyclophosphamide As Adjuvant Therapy for Operable Breast Cancer
Authors: Jones Stephen E. , Savin Michael A. , Holmes Frankie Ann , O'Shaughnessy Joyce A. , Blum Joanne L. , Vukelja Svetislava , McIntyre Kristi J. , Pippen John E. , Bordelon James H. , Kirby Robert , Sandbach John , Hyman William J. , Khandelwal Pankaj , Negron Angel G. , Richards Donald A. , Anthony Stephen P. , Mennel Robert G. , Boehm Kristi A. , Meyer Walter G. , Asmar Lina 
Published: November 2006

PurposeThe combination of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) is a standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Studies of docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) showed promise in MBC. In 1997, we initiated a randomized adjuvant trial of TC compared with standard-dose AC with a primary end point of disease-free survival (DFS).Patients and MethodsPatients were eligible if they had stage I to III operable invasive breast cancer with complete surgical excision of the primary tumor. Between June 1997 and December 1999, 1,016 patients were randomly assigned to four cycles of either standard-dose AC (60 and 600 mg/m2, respectively; n = 510) or TC (75 and 600 mg/m2, respectively; n = 506), administered intravenously every 3 weeks as adjuvant chemotherapy. Radiation therapy (as indicated) and tamoxifen, for patients with hormone receptor–positive disease, were administered after completion of chemotherapy.ResultsBoth treatment groups (TC and AC) were well balanced with respect to major prognostic factors. Patients were observed through 2005 for a median of 5.5 years. At 5 years, DFS rate was significantly superior for TC compared with AC (86% v 80%, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.94; P = .015). Overall survival rates for TC and AC were 90% and 87%, respectively (HR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.1; P = .13). More myalgia, arthralgia, edema, and febrile neutropenia occurred on the TC arm; more nausea and vomiting occurred on the AC arm as well as one incident of congestive heart failure.ConclusionAt 5 years, TC was associated with a superior DFS and a different toxicity profile compared with AC.
Docetaxel, Estramustine, and 15-Month Androgen Deprivation for Men With Prostate-Specific Antigen Progression After Definitive Local Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Taplin Mary-Ellen , Xie Wanling , Bubley Glenn J. , Ernstoff Marc S. , Walsh William , Morganstern Daniel E. , Regan Meredith M. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is effective for relapsed prostate cancer, but is rarely curative. The purpose of this trial was to determine the feasibility, toxicity, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response of chemotherapy and limited ADT for men with PSA relapse. Patients and Methods Eligible men had an increasing PSA and no metastases after prostatectomy and/or radiation for localized disease. Treatment consisted of four cycles of docetaxel (70 mg/m2) every 21 days and estramustine 280 mg tid on days 1 through 5. After chemotherapy, goserelin acetate and bicalutamide were prescribed for 15 months. Results Sixty-two patients were enrolled. A complete PSA response (CR) was defined as PSA at or below the assay-specific lower limit. The proportion of patients with CR after chemotherapy, after ADT, and at 1 year after completion of ADT was 53%, 63%, and 36%, respectively. Testosterone was more than 100 ng/dL (median, 250 ng/dL) 1 year after completion of ADT in 97% of patients. Patients with a PSA less than 3.0 ng/mL at enrollment had a significantly longer time to progression (TTP; P = .0004). Of 56 patients who were observed at least 1 year after completion of ADT, 23 (41%) have not experienced progression as of their last follow-up. The median TTP is 34 months from treatment initiation (maximum, 74 months free from progression). Conclusion Chemotherapy plus ADT was feasible for early prostate cancer relapse. Forty-one percent of men who are at least 1 year after completion of ADT with recovered testosterone have not experienced progression. This approach is being tested in a randomized trial with investigation of predictors of response.
Plasma Epstein-Barr Viral Deoxyribonucleic Acid Quantitation Complements Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging Prognostication in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Leung Sing-fai , Zee Benny , Ma Brigette B. , Hui Edwin P. , Mo Frankie , Lai Maria , Chan K.C. Allen , Chan Lisa Y.S. , Kwan Wing-hong , Lo Y.M. Dennis , Chan Anthony T.C. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose To evaluate the effect of combining circulating Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA load data with TNM staging data in pretherapy prognostication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Patients and Methods Three hundred seventy-six patients with all stages of NPC were studied. Pretreatment plasma/serum EBV DNA concentrations were quantified by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Determinants of overall survival were assessed by multivariate analysis. Survival probabilities of patient groups, segregated by clinical stage (I, II, III, or IV) alone and also according to EBV DNA load (low or high), were compared. Results Pretherapy circulating EBV DNA load is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in NPC. Patients with early-stage disease were segregated by EBV DNA levels into a poor-risk subgroup with survival similar to that of stage III disease and a good-risk subgroup with survival similar to stage I disease. Conclusion Pretherapy circulating EBV DNA load is an independent prognostic factor to International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging in NPC. Combined interpretation of EBV DNA data with UICC staging data leads to alteration of risk definition of patient subsets, with improved risk discrimination in early-stage disease. Validation studies are awaited.