bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial infantile pyknocytosis in association with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Dahoui Hanane A. , Abboud Miguel R. , Saab Raya , Farra Chantal , Sinno Dourria , Dabbous Ibrahim , Muwakkit Samar A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInfantile pyknocytosis is a rare condition characterized by transient neonatal hemolytic anemia associated with increased pyknocyte count on blood smear. We describe three siblings with infantile pyknocytosis, born to consanguineous parents. The first and third siblings had neonatal hemolytic anemia that resolved spontaneously at 6 months. The second sibling presented at 11 days with severe hemolytic anemia along with pulmonary hypertension. He died at 39 days from sepsis. The findings support a possible autosomal recessive inheritance. We hypothesize that pulmonary hypertension may be secondary to or aggravated by neonatal hemolysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:290–292. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fabrication and electrical properties of ultra‐thin silicon nanowires
Authors: Rochdi N. , Tonneau D. , Jandard F. , Dallaporta H. , Safarov V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUltra thin (8 nm) silicon nanowires have been fabricated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) lithography on an insulator layer starting from Silicon On Insulator (SOI) substrates. Electrical measurements reveal a high sensitivity of the electron transport in these ultra thin wires to the charge trapping on the Si/SiO2 interface states. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superconducting diamond: an introduction
Authors: Bustarret E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEven though the early observations of superconductivity in semiconductors were considered in the 1960's to confirm the validity of the BCS model, the recent experimental discovery of superconductivity in boron‐doped diamond came as a major surprise both to the diamond and to the superconducting materials communities. In less than three years, much has been learned on this interesting system. We review here the main results of this effort and identify some of the questions remaining open. In particular, we point out that the superconducting behaviour remains of a conventional type quite close to the insulator‐to‐metal transition, and we propose that doped diamond is a potential model‐system for the study of electronic phase transitions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of intermediate compounds formed upon photoinduced degradation of quinolones by high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution multiple‐stage mass spectrometry
Authors: Calza Paola , Medana Claudio , Carbone Francesco , Giancotti Valeria , Baiocchi Claudio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper deals with the photocatalytic transformation of two antibacterial agents, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, under simulated solar irradiation using titanium dioxide as photocatalyst. The investigation involved monitoring decomposition of the drugs, identifying intermediate compounds, assessing mineralization, and evaluating the toxicity of drug derivatives. High‐resolution mass spectrometry was employed to assess evolution of the photocatalyzed process over time. Respectively 15 and 8 main species were identified after transformation of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Through the full analysis of MS and MSn spectra and a comparison with parent drug fragmentation pathways, the different isomers were characterized. In the ofloxacin molecule, the initial transformation attacks are confined to the piperazine moiety and to the methyl groups, while the fluoroquinolone core is unmodified. Conversely, ciprofloxacin degradation involves two parts of the molecule: the piperazinic moiety and the quinolone moiety. All these intermediates are easily degraded and by 4 h mineralization is complete. Toxicity assays using Vibrio fischeri prove that neither ciprofloxacin nor its intermediates exhibit acute toxicity. In ofloxacin the secondary degradation products exhibit toxicity; a correlation exists between the evolution of the intermediate compounds and the toxicity connected to them. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass measurement accuracy comparisons between a double‐focusing magnetic sector and a time‐of‐flight mass analyzer
Authors: Bereman Michael S. , Lyndon Matthew M. , Dixon R. Brent , Muddiman David C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report a direct comparison of the mass measurement accuracies (MMAs) obtained on different mass spectrometry instrument types; a magnetic sector as the ‘gold standard’ and an electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) instrument. Sixty samples, obtained from the Department of Chemistry at North Carolina State University, were analyzed on each instrument. Data are presented and compared between the different instruments. The average absolute MMAs achieved for the magnetic sector and Agilent ESI‐TOF mass spectrometers were 3.0 and 1.1 ppm, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay‐distribution‐dependent robust stability of uncertain systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Yue Dong , Tian Engang , Zhang Yijun , Peng Chen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBy employing the information of the probability distribution of the time delay, this paper investigates the problem of robust stability for uncertain systems with time‐varying delay satisfying some probabilistic properties. Different from the common assumptions on the time delay in the existing literatures, it is assumed in this paper that the delay is random and its probability distribution is known a priori. In terms of the probability distribution of the delay, a new type of system model with stochastic parameter matrices is proposed. Based on the new system model, sufficient conditions for the exponential mean square stability of the original system are derived by using the Lyapunov functional method and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique. The derived criteria, which are expressed in terms of a set of LMIs, are delay‐distribution‐dependent, that is, the solvability of the criteria depends on not only the variation range of the delay but also the probability distribution of it. Finally, three numerical examples are given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling Chua's circuits using computational verb controllers
Authors: Tonelli R. , Yang T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, computational verb controllers were used to control Chua's circuits that were chaotic. The computational verb rule‐wise linear models of Chua's circuits were used to approximately segment the dynamics of Chua's circuits into four qualitatively different clusters; namely, the dynamics in the inner region, in the outer region and at boundaries of both regions. Then the stable verb controllers were designed by using linear matrix inequalities. Simulation results are presented to show the soundness of the design method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Island dynamics in a braided river from analysis of historical maps and air photographs
Authors: Zanoni Luca , Gurnell Angela , Drake Nick , Surian Nicola 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn analysis of island and active corridor dynamics is presented for a 16 km island‐braided reach of the gravel‐bed Tagliamento River (Italy) based upon information extracted, geocorrected and registered to a common base from three map (1803, 1833, 1927) and nine aerial photograph sources (1944/6, 1954, 1970, 1986, 1991, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2005).The active corridor width showed a general decline over the study period but with some recent widening. Adjustments in active corridor width were achieved through processes of floodplain avulsion, island attachment and progressive encroachment of the edge of the active corridor across gravel areas. These adjustments were accompanied by the preferential creation of dissection (floodplain avulsion) islands during periods of widening and the construction of mid islands within the corridor during periods of narrowing. Changes in island extent were achieved by rapid island turnover, which reached a maximum rate of over 50% per annum when corridor narrowing was most rapid between 1970 and 1991. Very few island surfaces were found to persist for more than 24 years.Despite this enormous dynamism and apparent cyclic behaviour, between 1944/6 and 2005 the ratio of island area to active corridor area remained relatively constant at around 0.08 and supported a consistently high bankfull shoreline to downstream length ratio of around 6 km · km−1. These intrinsic properties of the dynamics of the study reach and other island‐braided channels need to be recognized and maintained by river managers because they represent a characteristic habitat dynamism that is crucial to the maintenance of ecological integrity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doing versus seeing: acts of exploitation and perceptions of exploration
Authors: Adner Ron , Levinthal Daniel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe challenge of organizational adaptation is often presented in terms of the tension between the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of existing accomplishments. Whether framed in the language of invention versus refinement or local search versus long jumps, the spirit of the argument is of an explicit trade‐off that resource‐constrained organizations must make to secure their survival and success. While we do not dispute the fundamental truth that underlies this tension, we do believe this dominant characterization of the process of exploration may be masking key drivers of this tension and potential paths towards its resolution. We argue that, from the perspective of an actor, all activities are inherently exploitative in their nature, in the sense that they are undertaken with the explicit expectation that they may achieve meaningful progress on some dimension of performance. The key distinction regards the extent to which the dimension of performance is recognized and legitimated from the perspective of the organizational context in which the actor is operating. Acts perceived as ‘exploratory’ are, thus, more accurately characterized as acts of exploitation directed along new performance dimensions. We consider the organizational challenges that such exploratory action poses and the implications for entrepreneurial initiatives. From the perspective of the focal actor engaged in the exploratory initiative, the challenge is to identify ‘projections’ of the payoff of the initiative they are pursuing, either onto those dimensions of performance that are of interest to the organization, or onto more concrete measures of product‐market acceptance and financial return. Low‐dimensional representations of the business landscape are an inevitable by‐product of bounded rationality and the need for organizations and their strategies to coordinate and direct collective action. In this regard, the most powerful form of entrepreneurship may be the initiation of the cognitive shifts that offer a different topology of the competitive landscape. Copyright © 2008 Strategic Management Society.
Cellular genesis in the postnatal piglet
Authors: Koob Andrew O. , Harris Brent T. , Duhaime Ann‐Christine 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBecause of the anatomical and developmental similarity of the piglet brain to the human brain we were interested in characterizing the areas of cellular genesis which occur postnatally to validate the model for subsequent neurobiological research. In this study, four piglets were injected with 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at 6, 7 and 8 days of age. The animals were sacrificed at 13 days of age and the brains were analyzed to characterize areas of cellular genesis. BrdU was seen throughout the brain and found to be most abundant in the subventricular zone (SVZ); doublecortin (DCX) expressing cells were found throughout the white matter—with an extensive DCX network in the SVZ. Here we describe for the first time the use of immunohistochemistry for BrdU and DCX to study cellular genesis in the piglet brain.
On Compact and Fredholm Operators over C*-algebras and a New Topology in the Space of Compact Operators
Authors: Irmatov Anwar A. , Mishchenko Alexandr S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt is well-known that bounded operators in Hilbert C*-modules over C*-algebras may not be adjointable and the same is true for compact operators. So, there are two analogs for classical compact operators in Hilbert C*-modules: adjointable compact operators and all compact operators, i.e. those not necessarily having an adjoint.Classical Fredholm operators are those that are invertible modulo compact operators. When the notion of a Fredholm operator in a Hilbert C*-module was developed in [6], the first analog was used: Fredholm operators were defined as operators that are invertible modulo adjointable compact operators.In this paper we use the second analog and develop a more general version of Fredholm operators over C*-algebras. Such operators are defined as bounded operators that are invertible modulo the ideal of all compact operators. The main property of this new class is that a Fredholm operator still has a decomposition into a direct sum of an isomorphism and a finitely generated operator.The special case of Fredholm operators (in the sense of [6]) over the commutative C*-algebra C(K) of continuous functions on a compact topological space K was also considered in [2]. In order to describe general Fredholm operators (invertible modulo all compact operators over C(K)) we construct a new IM-topology on the space of compact operators on a Hilbert space such that continuous families of compact operators generate the ideal of all compact operators over C(K).
Censorship and Its Changing Taboos on the Egyptian Stage—From Politics and Religion to Sexual Frustration
Authors: Amin Dina 
Published: April 2008

When asked about “political control of a population,” Michel Foucault responded, “[P]ower had to gain access to the bodies of individual, to their acts, attitudes, and modes of everyday behavior . . .I believe that the political significance of the problem of sex is due to the fact that sex is located at the point of intersection of the discipline of the body and the control of the population.” This insight is often reflected in the relationship between literature that deals with the body and the discipline imposed on it by various institutions (whether religious or social) in the form of censorship. One good example of that “ethical” exercise of power versus dramatic literature emerged when Sameh Mahran, a professor at the Cairo Academy of Arts, wrote Al-Marakbi (The Boatman), a play in two acts with an epilogue.
Strongyloides stercoralis: a field-based survey of mothers and their preschool children using ELISA, Baermann and Koga plate methods reveals low endemicity in western Uganda
Authors: Stothard J.R. , Pleasant J. , Oguttu D. , Adriko M. , Galimaka R. , Ruggiana A. , Kazibwe F. , Kabatereine N.B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo ascertain the current status of strongyloidiasis in mothers and their preschool children, a field-based survey was conducted in western Uganda using a combination of diagnostic methods: ELISA, Baermann concentration and Koga agar plate. The prevalence of other soil-transmitted helminthiasis and intestinal schistosomiasis were also determined. In total, 158 mothers and 143 children were examined from five villages within Kabale, Hoima and Masindi districts. In mothers and children, the general prevalence of strongyloidiasis inferred by ELISA was ~4% and ~2%, respectively. Using the Baermann concentration method, two parasitologically proven cases were encountered in an unrelated mother and child, both of whom were sero-negative for strongyloidiasis. No infections were detected by Koga agar plate method. The general level of awareness of strongyloidiasis was very poor ( < 5%) in comparison to schistosomiasis (51%) and ascariasis (36%). Strongyloidiasis is presently at insufficient levels to justify inclusion within a community treatment programme targeting maternal and child health. Better epidemiological screening is needed, however, especially identifying infections in HIV-positive women of childbearing age. In the rural clinic setting, further use of the Baermann concentration method would appear to be the most immediate and pragmatic option for disease diagnosis.
Larval migration ofToxocara canisin piglets and transfer of larvae from infected porcine tissue to mice
Authors: Sasmal N.K. , Acharya S. , Laha R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVisceral larva migrans (VLM), caused byToxocara canislarvae in humans, animals and birds, is now well documented throughout the world. Seven piglets were infected orally with 5 × 104embryonated eggs and the migration and distribution ofT. canislarvae in the tissues were evaluated. After artificial gastric juice digestion, larval yields at necropsy from different organs and muscles on days 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 post-infection (DPI) revealed 3.05, 0.97, 0.21, 0.13, 0.05, 0.14% recovery from liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, skeletal muscles and brain tissues respectively, with a total of 2486 (4.97%) recovery from all tissues together. The highest number of larvae 1527 (3.05%) was recovered from the liver throughout the period (1–30 DPI), indicating a special affinity of larvae for the liver. Subsequently five mice were each infected orally with 5 g of infected pig liver and, after necropsy on 10 DPI, 20 ± 3.62, 17 ± 5.10, 3 ± 1.26, 12 ± 3.92 and 30 ± 5.69 larvae were recovered from liver, lungs, heart, brain and muscles, respectively. Thus, primarily, the migratory potential and adaptation ofT. canislarvae in porcine tissue was examined and, subsequently, their establishment in the second paratenic host, the mouse, has been successful. No influence of host sex on the migratory potential ofT. canislarvae was observed. The related pathology caused by migratory larvae and its zoonotic significance through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork has been emphasized.
Deafness in the developing world: the place of cochlear implantation
Authors: Tarabichi M B , Todd C , Khan Z , Yang X , Shehzad B , Tarabichi M M 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIntroduction:This paper attempts to review changes in the lives of hearing-impaired patients within the developing world, brought about by globalisation and development. The paper also explores limitations to improved care and addresses the collective moral responsibility of developed nations.Methods:Analysis of literature.Results:Within developing nations, large populations have emerged with a similar pattern of problems, access to information and aspirations as those living in developed nations. However, marked differences in income have persisted. These trends have resulted in a relative increase in the proportion of the hearing-impaired population in need of cochlear implantation, while at the same time restricting their access to such treatment.Conclusions:The emergence of global markets and media and a shared sense of destiny amongst the people of this planet should translate into a concerted, worldwide effort to assist the deaf in developing countries. Much more can be done within existing resources and frameworks to improve the quality of these peoples' lives.
Stardust in the Laboratory
Authors: Zinner Ernst 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPrimitive meteorites and interplanetary dust particles contain small grains that originated in stellar outflows and supernova explosions. These μm- and sub-μm-sized presolar grains can be isolated and studied for their isotopic compositions in the laboratory. They are recognised as stardust by their isotopic compositions, which are completely different from those of the Solar System. They provide new information on stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis, mixing processes in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and supernovae, and Galactic chemical evolution. Red giants, AGB stars, Type II supernovae and possibly novae have been identified as stellar sources of the grains. Of the eight nuclear processes proposed by Burbidge et al. (1957), signatures of all except the r-process can be found in presolar dust grains.
Max Mara and the Origins of Italian Ready-to-Wear
Authors: White Nicola 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThis article charts the establishment and expansion of the ready-to-wear Max Mara label before the birth of the Max Mara group in 1967. Until recently, little consideration has been given to the evolution of Italian fashion, and few histories of dress or Italian culture even mention its presence before the 1970s. Still fewer acknowledge the crucial emergence of fashionable ready-to-wear in Italy in the 1960s, in which Max Mara played a key role, and which anticipated the international success of ‘Italian style’ in the 1970s and 1980s.
A qualitative biological risk assessment for vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: using expert knowledge
Authors: Therriault Thomas W. , Herborg Leif-Matthias 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Therriault, T. W., and Herborg, L-M. 2008. A qualitative biological risk assessment for vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis in Canadian waters: using expert knowledge. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 781–787. Non-indigenous species (NIS) can pose a significant level of risk, through potential ecological or genetic consequences, to environments to which they are introduced. One way to characterize the overall risk posed by a NIS is to combine the probability and consequences of its establishment in a risk assessment that can be used to inform managers and policy-makers. The vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis is considered to be a cryptogenic species in eastern Canadian waters, but has not yet been reported from Pacific Canada. Because it is unclear what level of risk it poses for Canadian waters, we conducted a biological risk assessment for C. intestinalis and its potential pathogens, parasites, and fellow travellers. An expert survey was conducted to inform the risk assessment. The ecological risk posed by C. intestinalis was considered high (moderate uncertainty) on the Atlantic coast, and moderate (high uncertainty) on the Pacific coast. The genetic risk posed by C. intestinalis was considered moderate on both coasts, with low uncertainty on the Atlantic coast and high uncertainty on the Pacific coast, where hybridization with Ciona savignyi may be possible. Pathogens, parasites, and fellow travellers were considered to be a moderate ecological risk and a low genetic risk (with high uncertainty) for both coasts.