bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What could be the reasons for not losing weight even after following a weight loss program?
Authors: Dabas Jyoti , Shunmukha Priya S. , Alawani Akshay , Budhrani Praveen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Approximately four million people worldwide die annually because of obesity. Weight loss is commonly recommended as a first-line therapy in overweight and obese patients. Although many individuals attempt to lose weight, not everyone achieves optimal success. Few studies point out that weight loss eventually slows down, stagnates or reverses in 85% of the cases.

Research question
What could be the reasons for not losing weight even after following a weight loss program?

Methods
A scoping review of the literature was performed using weight loss-related search terms such as ‘Obesity,’ ‘Overweight,’ ‘Lifestyle,’ ‘weight loss,’ ‘Basal Metabolism,’ ‘physical activity,’ ‘adherence,’ ‘energy balance,’ ‘Sleep’ and ‘adaptations. The search involved reference tracking and database and web searches (PUBMED, Science Direct, Elsevier, Web of Science and Google Scholar). Original articles and review papers on weight loss involving human participants and adults aged > 18 years were selected. Approximately 231 articles were reviewed, and 185 were included based on the inclusion criteria.

Design
Scoping review.

Results
In this review, the factors associated with not losing weight have broadly been divided into five categories. Studies highlighting each subfactor were critically reviewed and discussed. A wide degree of interindividual variability in weight loss is common in studies even after controlling for variables such as adherence, sex, physical activity and baseline weight. In addition to these variables, variations in factors such as previous weight loss attempts, sleep habits, meal timings and medications can play a crucial role in upregulating or downregulating the association between energy deficit and weight loss results.

Conclusion
This review identifies and clarifies the role of several factors that may hinder weight loss after the exploration of existing evidence. Judging the effectiveness of respective lifestyle interventions by simply observing the ‘general behavior of the groups’ is not always applicable in clinical practice. Each individual must be monitored and advised as per their requirements and challenges.
Oral Cannabis consumption and intraperitoneal THC:CBD dosing results in changes in brain and plasma neurochemicals and endocannabinoids in mice
Authors: Reisdorph Nichole , Doenges Katrina , Levens Cassandra , Manke Jon , Armstrong Michael , Smith Harry , Quinn Kevin , Radcliffe Richard , Reisdorph Richard , Saba Laura , Kuhn Kristine A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
While the use of orally consumed Cannabis, cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) containing products, i.e. “edibles”, has expanded, the health consequences are still largely unknown. This study examines the effects of oral consumption of whole Cannabis and a complex Cannabis extract on neurochemicals, endocannabinoids (eCB), and physiological parameters (body temperature, heart rate) in mice.

Methods
In this pilot study, C57BL/6 J mice were treated with one of the following every other day for 2 weeks: a complex Cannabis extract by gavage, whole Cannabis mixed with nutritional gel through free feeding, or purified THC/CBD by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Treatments were conducted at 4 doses ranging from 0–100 mg/kg/day of CBD with THC levels of ≤ 1.2 mg/kg/day for free feeding and gavage and 10 mg/kg/day for i.p. Body temperature and heart rate were monitored using surgically implanted telemetry devices. Levels of neurochemicals, eCB, THC, CBD, and 11-OH-THC were measured using mass spectrometry 48 h after the final treatment. Statistical comparisons were conducted using ANOVA and t-tests.

Results
Differences were found between neurochemicals in the brains and plasma of mice treated by i.p. (e.g. dopamine, p < 0.01), gavage (e.g., phenylalanine, p < 0.05) and in mice receiving whole Cannabis (e.g., 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic DOPAC p < 0.05). Tryptophan trended downward or was significantly decreased in the brain and/or plasma of all mice receiving Cannabis or purified CBD/THC, regardless of dose, compared to controls. Levels of the eCB, arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were decreased in mice receiving lowest doses of a complex Cannabis extract by gavage, but were higher in mice receiving highest doses compared to controls (p < 0.05). Plasma and brain levels of THC and 11-OH-THC were higher in mice receiving 1:1 THC:CBD by i.p. compared to those receiving 1:5 or 1:10 THC:CBD. Nominal changes in body temperature and heart rate following acute and repeated exposures were seen to some degree in all treatments.

Conclusions
Changes to neurochemicals and eCBs were apparent at all doses regardless of treatment type. Levels of neurochemicals seemed to vary based on the presence of a complex Cannabis extract, suggesting a non-linear response between THC and neurochemicals following repeated oral dosing.
Early radiological outcomes of a fully porous bridging collar in lower-limb endoprosthetic reconstructions: a case-matched retrospective series to assess osseointegration
Authors: Stevenson Jonathan , Siddiqi M. Ather , Sheehy Vicky , Kendrick Ben , Whitwell Duncan , Taylor Adrian , Blunn Gordon , Mohammad Hasan R. , Kamath Atul F. , Thoma Sofia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Limb-salvage surgery involving the utilization of endoprosthetic replacements is commonly employed following segmental bone resection for primary and secondary bone tumors. This study aimed to evaluate whether a fully porous bridging collar promotes early osseous integration in endoprosthetic replacements.

Methods
We undertook a retrospective review of all lower-limb endoprostheses utilizing a fully porous endosteal bridging collar design. We matched this cohort with a conventional extra-osteal non-porous fully hydroxyapatite-coated grooved collar cohort according to surgical indication, implant type, resection length, age, and follow-up time. At 6, 12, and 24 months post-implantation, radiographs were assessed for the number of cortices with or without osseointegration on orthogonal radiographs. Each radiograph was scored on a scale of -4 to + 4 for the number of cortices bridging the ongrowth between the bone and the collar of the prosthesis. Implant survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the mean number of osseointegrated cortices at each time point between the collar designs was compared using a paired t-test.

Results
Ninety patients were retrospectively identified and analyzed. After exclusion, 40 patients with porous bridging collars matched with 40 patients with conventional extra-osteal non-porous collars were included in the study (n = 80). The mean age was 63.4 years (range 16–91 years); there were 37 males and 43 females. The groups showed no difference in implant survival (P = 0.54). The mean number of cortices with radiographic ongrowth for the porous bridging collar and non-porous collar groups was 2.1 and 0.3, respectively, at 6-month (P < 0.0001), 2.4 and 0.5, respectively, at 12-month (P = 0.044), and 3.2 and -0.2, respectively, at 24-month (P = 0.18) radiological follow-up.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that fully porous bridging collars increased the number of cortices, with evidence of bone ongrowth between 6 and 24 months post-implantation. By contrast, extra-osteal collars exhibited reduced evidence of ongrowth between 6 and 24 months post-implantation. In the medium term, the use of a fully porous bridging collar may translate to a reduced incidence of aseptic loosening.

Graphical Abstract
High-protein, low glycemic index snack from optimized blend of three wholegrains exhibits nutraceutical quality and elicits low glycemic response in diabetic human subjects
Authors: Olagunju Aderonke Ibidunni , Arigbede Titilope Ifeolu , Oyeleye Idowu Sunday , Makanjuola Solomon Akinremi , Oyebode Esther Taiwo , Enikuomehin Adenike Christianah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSnack products are evolving as new carriers of functional ingredients with nutritional and health-promoting benefits. A blend of whole grains is increasingly being utilized to harness the functional potential of the grain mix. Amaranth, acha, and pearl millet grains flours were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), to obtain optimum blends (90:5:5 and 47.98:26.68:25.34) with high protein content and low glycemic index. Snack bar products from the blends were labelled MBY and MBZ. A total of 40 diabetic and 10 non-diabetic subjects were recruited. Of the diabetic, about 42% were overweight while 40% were obese, the non-diabetic had normal weights. Each was allowed to consume snacks containing the equivalent of 50 g of carbohydrates. Finger prick was employed to evaluate the postprandial glucose response of snack products while venous blood was evaluated for antioxidant enzymes, carbohydrate-hydrolyzing activities, and insulin using standard methods. Consumption of the multigrain snacks elicited a stable postprandial response (133–141 mg/dL) with 16 and 24% postprandial decline. In addition, snacks had low to intermediate glycemic index (52 and 56) in diabetic and low glycemic index (43 and 45) in non-diabetics; likewise reduced α-amylase/α-glucosidase activities compared to control snacks. Similarly, glutathione level, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in serum from subjects that consumed multigrain snacks were upregulated compared to control and market sample groups. Moreso, snack products promoted a reduction in serum insulin levels in diabetic subjects (45 and 17% for MBY and MBZ respectively). Following the nutraceutical properties displayed by the formulated snack especially MBY, it can be promoted as a functional snack for the management of diabetes while solving the limited snack product choice of diabetes sufferers.
Graphical Abstract
A Successful 12-Month Trial of a Lumen-Apposing Self-Expandable Metallic Stent on a Benign Recalcitrant After Surgical Stricture
Authors: Bhowmick Kuntal , Habr Fadlallah , Perera Pranith 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Gastrojejunal anastomotic strictures are common postsurgical complications that may be treated endoscopically. In some cases, conventional endoscopic dilations may prove ineffective, prompting consideration of covered self-expandable metal stents as the next step. However, the efficacy of these stents may be limited by their risk of migration. Lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stents pose a lower migration risk because of their unique design and offer a possible off-label solution for recalcitrant strictures. We describe a patient with a postsurgical, gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture refractory to several interventions, who achieved long-lasting remission of symptoms after a 12-month trial of lumen-apposing self-expandable metallic stent placement.
Salomonische Architektur in den Niederlanden
Authors: von der Dunk Thomas H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Old Church at Amsterdam showcases a wooden model for a huge domed church with a centralized ground-plan, constructed circa 1700 on behalf of local lawyer Nicolaas Listingh. The enormous further expansion of the town in the second half of the 17th century made such a venture logical. Listingh’s project could meet the need for several new churches of a normal size at once.
The never executed model was characterized by one special main feature with an important iconographic significance: the large concave buttresses that connect the high-rising central drum with the lower ambulatory. They should be interpreted as a reference to King Salomo’s Temple of Jerusalem. In contemporary reconstructions its substructure was supported all around by a row of gigantic concave buttresses. As the Dutch Calvinists regarded their country as the new Israel, not only a few synagogues, but also some protestant churches were fitted out with them.
Trust in Government in a Changing World: Shocks, Tax Evasion, and Economic Growth
Authors: Alm James , Barreto Raul A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Governments are always dealing with unexpected shocks, like wars, terrorism, financial crises, natural disasters, and the like. A recent prominent example is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Since early 2020, governments around the world have enacted a range of unprecedented measures in an attempt to protect their citizens, with quite mixed results. This varied record has in turn had dramatic effects on peoples’ perceptions of their government, especially on their trust in government and so on their willingness to obey the many government mandates generated by the pandemic. This willingness to obey government mandates extends well beyond pandemic policies to all other dimensions of government laws and regulations. An important dimension of individual compliance with government mandates is tax evasion. What will be the effects of the pandemic and the associated government policies on post-pandemic tax evasion and economic growth, especially via the effects of government policies on “trust” in the government? In this paper we incorporate both tax evasion and trust in an endogenous growth model in order to examine the short and long run impacts on tax evasion of various shocks – a pandemic shock, a government policies shock, and a tax morale shock (and the resulting impact on trust in government). We then use real data on 11 representative economies to simulate these effects, economies representing developed and developing countries as well as economies representing governments that opted for various policy responses to COVID-19, modelled as a labor productivity shock. We find that varied public policy responses to the pandemic have immediate and persistent impacts on tax evasion in the short and long run, largely via their effects on trust in government. We also find that these evasion impacts vary in important and predictable ways that depend especially on whether government dealt effectively or not with the pandemic. Our methodology is readily adapted to examine the effects of other shocks and their respective policy responses on trust in government, tax evasion, and economic growth.
Implementation for the cases (5, 4) and (5, 4)/(2, 0)
Authors: Hashim Hayder Muhi , Hassan Haytham Razooki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
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Enhancing structural behaviour of polypropylene fibre concrete columns longitudinally reinforced with fibreglass bars
Authors: Mohammed Thaer Jasim , Abbas Suha Mnati , Mezher Thaer Matlab , Breesem Khalid M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The research aims to study the behaviour of concrete columns reinforced with fibreglass as bars exposed to seawater. Firstly, hardened concrete properties as the compressive strength and the tensile strength were investigated at ages 14, 28, and 56 days. Secondly, the experimental testing also involved casting 18 short concrete columns that have a length of 300 mm with the cross-sectional dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm. Six samples were plain concrete, six were reinforced with a diameter of 6 mm longitudinal fibreglass bars, and six polypropylene fibre concrete columns were reinforced with a diameter of 6 mm fibreglass bars. The results added useful information using fibreglass bars (anti-corrosion materials) as reinforced longitudinal concrete columns, so the ultimate load of the reinforced concrete column with fibreglass rod exposed to seawater was 174.8 kN that it was higher than that of the plain concrete column at 104.9 kN. Thus, the fibreglass reinforcement technology enhances the capacity of the columns. So, it could be used in non-impacting structural parts. Meanwhile, the ultimate load of the fibre-reinforced concrete column with fibreglass rod exposed to seawater was 201.8 kN. It is 15.4% higher than that of the ultimate axial load of the reinforced concrete column with fibreglass rods only. Also, the results achieved of this research were encouraging, as the maximum failure load for short columns reinforced with fibreglass rods reached approximately 84 to 87% of failure load relative to polypropylene fibre concrete columns containing reinforcing fibreglass bars. As a result, the structural behaviour bars have been enhanced using fibreglass rod and polypropylene fibre.
Sustainable road paving: Enhancing concrete paver blocks with zeolite-enhanced cement
Authors: Ahmed Noor Al-Huda H. , Ibraheem Asma Thamir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present investigation assesses the impact of zeolite-enhanced sustainable cement (ZESC), a product achieved through the blending and grinding of clinker, gypsum, and varying percentages of natural zeolite (6, 10, and 15%). While the existing research has mainly concentrated on substituting ordinary Portland Cement with natural or synthetic zeolite, a critical research gap persists in using this manufactured cement in nontraditional building materials. Addressing this gap, our investigation assesses the durability and mechanical properties of concrete paver blocks manufactured by ZESC, particularly crucial for road paving applications. Comprehensive evaluations of hardened properties were conducted, including compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and water absorption. In addition, the impact of ZESC on the fresh properties of concrete paver blocks was examined. The findings reveal that a 15% N.Z. inclusion in ZESC production results in an optimal mix design, leading to a remarkable increase in compressive strength and splitting tensile strength by 24 and 25%, respectively. It reduces water absorption and abrasion resistance by 80 and 7.8%, respectively, compared to O.P.C. cement concrete paver blocks. It is noteworthy that the addition of natural zeolite to ZESC mixtures led to an increased water demand. Notably, the integration of natural zeolite significantly reduces the environmental impact of cement production, promoting a sustainable shift by minimizing cement clinker. The study employs microstructural analysis, supported by scanning electron microscopic images, revealing a significant reduction in microcracks and enhanced cohesiveness, particularly at the aggregate-cemented paste interface in ZESC mixes.
Spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services value and analysis of driving factors in the Yangtze River Delta Region
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Fang-Fang , Shan Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on land use classification data for the Yangtze River Delta region in 2000, 2015, and 2020, this study aims to explore the spatial and temporal evolution of ecosystem services value (ESV) in the region. By analyzing the land use structure and its dynamic changes, an ESV model is constructed. Furthermore, the study utilizes a geodetector to analyze the driving factors of ESV in the Yangtze River Delta region. The findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2020, arable land was the predominant land use type in the Yangtze River Delta region. (2) The ESV in the region showed an upward trend followed by a decline from 2000 to 2020. Regulating services and supporting services have always been the core functions of ecosystem services in the region, with hydrological regulation contributing the most. (3) From a spatial perspective, there were significant differences in the spatial distribution of AESV (aggregated ecosystem services value) in the Yangtze River Delta region. The AESV changes in various cities within the region were evident, with a decreasing trend observed in most cities. (4) The sensitivity index of each land use type was less than 1, with forest land exhibiting the highest sensitivity and having the greatest impact on ESV. (5) Geodetector analysis revealed that the AESV in the Yangtze River Delta region is influenced by a combination of regional natural factors, economic factors, and social factors, and the interaction among different driving forces significantly enhances the spatial heterogeneity of AESV in the region.
Solutions of certain initial-boundary value problems via a new extended Laplace transform
Authors: Almalki Yahya , Akel Mohamed , Abdalla Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we present a novel extended exponential kernel Laplace-type integral transform. The Laplace, natural, and Sumudu transforms are all included in the suggested transform. The existence theorem, Parseval-type identity, inversion formula, and other fundamental aspects of the new integral transform are examined in this article. Integral identities define the connections between the new transforms and the established transforms. In order to solve specific initial-boundary value problems, the new transforms are used.
Security Improvement of UAV Group IoT in Polygonal Area Based on Similarity Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Yan Xiang , Xu Jia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Currently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group Internet of Things (IoT) has poor stability, poor endurance, and low security. In this regard, we report a polygon area UAV group IoT clustering algorithm for large-scale, high-speed mobile IoT environment. First, the UAV group IoT was divided into a polygon area and a few cluster heads were used to cover the polygon area uniformly. Then, the clustering index in the maximum speed similarity clustering algorithm was induced into the weighted clustering algorithm. Simultaneously, the link retention rate, relative node degree, and node residual energy ratio were improved to select the IoT node with the maximum weight as the cluster head. Finally, the IoT security was improved by reputation calculation. The results show that the clustering algorithm in this paper can reduce the number of clusters and lower the handover rate between clusters, improve the stability of clustering, prolong the survival time of the minimum node, improve the overall endurance of the IoT, and have high security.
Optimization Method Based on Machine Learning for College Students’ Psychological Control Source Propensity Classification
Authors: Wang Jing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
College students tend to have more locus of control, which is greatly affected by college students, resulting in higher classification error rate and longer classification time. An optimized method for classifying the tendency of college students’ locus of control tendency based on machine learning is proposed in this article. Collect the data of college students’ locus of control tendency, build an emotional dictionary based on it, and extract the emotional words and text features from it. According to the feature extraction results, the support vector machine is used to build a base classifier to obtain the preliminary classification results. The deep belief network is used to optimize the preliminary classification results of college students’ locus of control tendency, and the final optimization results of college students’ locus of control tendency classification are obtained. The experimental results show that the error rate of college students’ locus of control tendency classification is −1∼1 %, the average recall rate is 96.2 %, and the average classification time is 0.7 s.