bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize under Different Environmental Conditions
Authors: Weider Christophe , Stamp Peter , Christov Nikolai , Hüsken Alexandra , Foueillassar Xavier , Camp Karl‐Heinz , Munsch Magali 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally transmitted trait, whereby a plant is unable to produce viable pollen. Studies have revealed that this trait is a tool for enabling efficient and reliable coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM cultivation by biocontainment of GM maize (Zea mays L.) pollen. Maize has three types of male‐sterile cytoplasm (T, S, and C), the fertility of which can be restored by nuclear rf genes or by interactions with the environment. Twenty‐two CMS versions of modern European maize hybrids were evaluated in 17 environments in Switzerland, France, and Bulgaria, with two or three sowing dates, in 2005 and 2006. Stable and unstable male sterility occurred in all three CMS types. T‐cytoplasm hybrids were the most stable, while S‐cytoplasm hybrids often showed partial restoration of fertility. C‐cytoplasm was similar to T‐cytoplasm with regard to maintaining male sterility. Climatic factors, especially air temperature, evapotranspiration, and water vapor, during the 10 d before anthesis as well as during anthesis, were correlated positively or negatively with the partial reversion to male fertility of CMS hybrids, indicating an interaction between genetic and climatic factors. This study illustrates that T‐ and C‐cytoplasm in particular open up viable prospects for containing transgenic pollen, especially for Bt‐maize.
FOXO1 Plays an Important Role in Enhanced Microvascular Cell Apoptosis and Microvascular Cell Loss in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Behl Yugal , Krothapalli Padmaja , Desta Tesfahun , Roy Sayon , Graves Dana T. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
To investigate early events leading to microvascular cell loss in diabetic retinopathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
FOXO1 was tested in vivo by DNA binding activity and by nuclear translocation in microvascular cells in retinal trypsin digests. In vivo studies were undertaken in STZ-induced diabetic rats and Zucker diabetic fatty rats using the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-specific blocker, pegsunercept, or by inhibiting FOXO1 with RNAi. Microvascular cell apoptosis, formation of pericyte ghosts, and acellular capillaries were measured. Upstream and downstream effects of high-glucose–induced FOXO1 were tested on rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro.

RESULTS
DNA binding or nuclear translocation of FOXO1, which was reduced by TNF inhibition, was elevated in type 1 and type 2 diabetic retinas. Diabetes stimulated microvascular cell apoptosis; pericyte ghost and acellular capillary development was inhibited by FOXO1 siRNA. High glucose in vitro decreased FOXO1 phosphorylation and DNA binding activity and decreased Akt phosphorylation in RMECs. High-glucose–stimulated FOXO1 DNA binding activity was mediated through TNF-α and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while inhibitors of TNF and ROS and FOXO1 siRNA reduced high-glucose–enhanced RMEC apoptosis. The caspase-3/7 activity and capacity of high glucose to increase mRNA levels of several genes that regulate RMEC activation and apoptosis were knocked down by FOXO1 siRNA.

CONCLUSIONS
FOXO1 plays an important role in rat retinal microvascular cell loss in type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats and can be linked to the effect of high glucose on FOXO1 activation.
BMI Changes During Childhood and Adolescence as Predictors of Amount of Adult Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Men
Authors: Kindblom Jenny M. , Lorentzon Mattias , Hellqvist Åsa , Lönn Lars , Brandberg John , Nilsson Staffan , Norjavaara Ensio , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
The amount of visceral adipose tissue is a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome. It is unclear how BMI changes during childhood and adolescence predict adult fat distribution. We hypothesized that there are critical periods during development for the prediction of adult subcutaneous and visceral fat mass by BMI changes during childhood and adolescence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Detailed growth charts were retrieved for the men participating in the population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) Study (n = 612). Body composition was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adipose tissue areas using abdominal computed tomography at 18 to 20 years of age.

RESULTS
The main finding in the present study was that subjects with increases in BMI Z score of more than 1 SD during adolescence had, independent of prepubertal BMI, both larger subcutaneous (+138%; P &lt; 0.001) and visceral adipose tissue areas (+91%; P &lt; 0.001) than subjects with unchanged BMI Z-score. In contrast, subjects with increases in BMI Z score of more than 1 SD during late childhood had a larger amount of adult subcutaneous adipose tissue (+83%; P &lt; 0.001) than subjects with unchanged BMI Z score but an unaffected amount of visceral adipose tissue. BMI changes during adolescence predict both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdomen, whereas BMI changes during late childhood predict only the subcutaneous adipose tissue.

CONCLUSIONS
The amount of visceral adipose tissue in young adult men was associated with BMI changes specifically during adolescence, whereas the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue was associated with BMI changes during both late childhood and adolescence.
Common Variants of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1β Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Congrong , Hu Cheng , Zhang Rong , Bao Yuqian , Ma Xiaojing , Lu Jingyi , Qin Wen , Shao Xinyu , Lu Junxi , Xu Jing , Lu Huijuan , Xiang Kunsan , Jia Weiping 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β) is a transcription factor that is critical for pancreatic cell formation and glucose homeostasis. Previous studies have reported that common variants of HNF1β were associated with type 2 diabetes in Caucasians and West Africans. However, analysis in the subjects from the Botnia study and Malmö Preventive Project produced conflicting results, and the role for HNF1β in type 2 diabetes susceptibility remains unclear. We therefore investigated common variants across the HNF1β gene in a Chinese population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fifteen tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for association with type 2 diabetes in subjects with type 2 diabetes (n = 1,859) and normal glucose regulation (n = 1,785).

RESULTS
Consistent with the initial study, we observed evidence that the risk G allele of rs4430796 in intron 2 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio 1.16 [95% CI 1.05–1.29], P = 0.0035, empirical P = 0.0475). Furthermore, the at-risk G allele was associated with earlier age at diagnosis in the type 2 diabetic subjects (P = 0.0228).

CONCLUSIONS
The result of this study provides evidence that variants in the HNF1β region contribute to susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population.
TCF7L2 Regulates Late Events in Insulin Secretion From Pancreatic Islet β-Cells
Authors: da Silva Xavier Gabriela , Loder Merewyn K. , McDonald Angela , Tarasov Andrei I. , Carzaniga Raffaella , Kronenberger Katrin , Barg Sebastian , Rutter Guy A. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE
Polymorphisms in the human TCF7L2 gene are associated with reduced insulin secretion and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms by which TCF7L2 affect insulin secretion are still unclear. We define the effects of TCF7L2 expression level on mature β-cell function and suggest a potential mechanism for its actions.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
TCF7L2 expression in rodent islets and β-cell lines was altered using RNAi or adenoviral transduction. β-Cell gene profiles were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and the effects on intracellular signaling and exocytosis by live cell imaging, electron microscopy, and patch clamp electrophysiology.

RESULTS
Reducing TCF7L2 expression levels by RNAi decreased glucose- but not KCl-induced insulin secretion. The glucose-induced increments in both ATP/ADP ratio and cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were increased compared with controls. Overexpression of TCF7L2 exerted minor inhibitory effects on glucose-regulated changes in [Ca2+]i and insulin release. Gene expression profiling in TCF7L2-silenced cells revealed increased levels of mRNA encoding syntaxin 1A but decreased Munc18–1 and ZnT8 mRNA. Whereas the number of morphologically docked vesicles was unchanged by TCF7L2 suppression, secretory granule movement increased and capacitance changes decreased, indicative of defective vesicle fusion.
CONCLUSION—TCF7L2 is involved in maintaining expression of β-cell genes regulating secretory granule fusion. Defective insulin exocytosis may thus underlie increased diabetes incidence in carriers of the at-risk TCF7L2 alleles.
Type 1 Diabetes in the BB Rat: A Polygenic Disease
Authors: Wallis Robert H. , Wang KeSheng , Marandi Leili , Hsieh Eugene , Ning Terri , Chao Gary Y.C. , Sarmiento Janice , Paterson Andrew D. , Poussier Philippe 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVETwo type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes have been identified in the spontaneously diabetic biobreeding diabetes-prone (BBDP) rat, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (RT1) class II u haplotype (Iddm1) and Gimap5 (Iddm2). The strong effects of these have impeded previous efforts to map additional loci. We tested the hypothesis that type 1 diabetes is a polygenic disease in the BBDP rat.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed the most comprehensive genome-wide linkage analysis for type 1 diabetes, age of disease onset (AOO), and insulitis subphenotypes in 574 F2 animals from a cross-intercross between BBDP and type 1 diabetes–resistant, double congenic ACI.BBDP-RT1u,Gimap5 (ACI.BB1u.lyp) rats, where both Iddm1 and Iddm2 were fixed as BBDP.RESULTSA total of 19% of these F2 animals developed type 1 diabetes, and eight type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci were mapped, six showing significant linkage (chromosomes 1, 3, 6 [two loci], 12, and 14) and two (chromosomes 2 and 17) suggestive linkage. The chromosomes 6, 12, and 14 intervals were also linked to the severity of islet infiltration by immunocytes, while those on chromosomes 1, 6 (two loci), 14, 17, and a type 1 diabetes–unlinked chromosome 8 interval showed significant linkage to the degree of islet atrophy. Four loci exhibited suggestive linkage to AOO on chromosomes 2 (two loci), 7, and 18 but were unlinked to type 1 diabetes. INS, PTPN22, IL2/IL21, C1QTNF6, and C12orf30, associated with human type 1 diabetes, are contained within the chromosomes 1, 2, 7, and 12 loci.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that the BBDP diabetic syndrome is a complex, polygenic disease that may share additional susceptibility genes besides MHC class II with human type 1 diabetes.
Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Yams in Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria
Authors: Adegbite Ayodele , Saka Jelili , Agbaje Gideon , Osuloye Felix 
Published: January 2009

Survey of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Yams in Ogun and Osun States of NigeriaA survey was conducted to determine the types, frequency and population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with the soils and roots of Yam (Dioscoreaspecies) in all the Local Government Areas of Ogun and Osun States of Nigeria using random sampling soil and root and pie pan modification of Baerman funnel for plant parasitic nematode extraction. Ten and nine genera of plant parasitic nematodes were encountered both from the soils and root samples from the two States. Plant parasitic nematodes recovered includedScutellonemaspp.,Meloidogynespp.,Pratylenchusspp.,Trichodorusspp.,Helicotylenchusspp.,Radopholusspp.,Longidorusspp.,Xiphinemaspp.,Rotylenchulusspp andAphelenchoidesspecies.Scutellonemaspp.,Meloidogynespp., andPratylenchusspp were most widely distributed with frequency ratings of 70, 65 and 60% respectively in soil samples from Ogun State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 60, 55 and 45% frequency ratings respectively.Meloidogynespp.,Scutellonemaspp., andPratylenchusspp were most widely distributed with frequency ratings of 65, 45 and 35% respectively in soil samples from Osun State and in the root samples the three genera predominated with 55, 35 and 35% frequency ratings respectively.
Production of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Toxins by Colletotrichum Capsici and Alternaria Alternata Causing Fruit ROT of Chillies
Authors: Anand Theerthagiri , Bhaskaran Ramanujam , Gandhi Karthikeyan Thiruvengadam , Rajesh Manikam , Senthilraja Govindasamy 
Published: January 2009

Production of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes and Toxins byColletotrichum CapsiciandAlternaria AlternataCausing Fruit ROT of ChilliesThe virulent isolates ofColletotrichum capsiciandAlternaria alternataproduced more cellulolytic enzymesviz., C1and Cxin vitrothan the avirulent ones and the activity of these enzymes increased with the increase in age of culture. The virulent isolates ofC. capsiciandA. alternataproduced more pectinolytic enzymes (macerating enzymes, pectin methyl esterase and endo polygalacturonase) than the avirulent ones. All the pectinolytic enzymes were highly active in 10-day-old culture and the activities decreased with the increase of culture age. Whereas the activity of enzymes produced by avirulent isolate of pathogens did not decrease and these enzyme activities increased with the increase in the age of culture. These pathogens also produced nonspecific toxic metabolites in culture filtrate which reduced seed germination, root length, shoot length and vigour index of the seedlings of chilli, rice, mungbean, maize, cotton, groundnut, okra, egg plant, cucumber and tomato. The toxins of the pathogens reduced seed germination and caused mortality of chilli seedlings in pot culture. The toxins also produced phytotoxic symptoms in the treated ripe and green chilli fruits and leaves.
Bakanae Disease of Rice in Malaysia and Indonesia: Etiology of the Causal Agent Based on Morphological, Physiological and Pathogenicity Characteristics
Authors: Izzati Mohd Zainudin Nur , Razak Azmi , Salleh Baharuddin 
Published: January 2009

Bakanae Disease of Rice in Malaysia and Indonesia: Etiology of the Causal Agent Based on Morphological, Physiological and Pathogenicity CharacteristicsBakanae disease on rice has been recorded almost in all countries where paddy is grown commercially, especially in Asian countries, including Malaysia and Indonesia. Bakanae disease was widespread in Peninsular Malaysia and three provinces of Indonesia with the range of disease severity from scale 1 to 5 and disease incidence from 0.5 to 12.5% during 2004-2005 main growing seasons. A total of fiveFusariumspecies belonging to section Liseola and their allied i.e.Fusarium fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. sacchari, F. subglutinans and F. verticillioideswere isolated and identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Literature data showed that the bakanae disease of rice all over the world is caused byF. fujikuroiand probably some otherFusariumspecies from section Liseola or allied. However, from pathogenicity tests that have been carried out by using variety MR 211 of rice it was evident thatF. fujikuroiwas highly virulent and the only species involved in causing bakanae disease. Therefore, this species was the only one detected to be able to produce gibberellic acid - (GA3) with Rfvalue 0.40 and 0.62, developed in solvent systems isopropanol:ammonia:water (10: 1: 1), v/v/ v and chloroform:ethyl acetate:formic acid (5: 4: 1), v/v/v, respectively. This knowledge would be invaluable in developing our understanding on the interaction betweenF. fujikuroiand the host plants.
A Pheromone-Based Trapping System for Monitoring the Population of Cosmopolites Sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Reddy Gadi , Cruz Zerlene , Naz Fritz , Muniappan Rangaswamy 
Published: January 2009

A Pheromone-Based Trapping System for Monitoring the Population ofCosmopolites Sordidus(Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)The banana root borerCosmopolites sordidus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is native to Malaysia and Indonesia but is found in nearly all banana-growing areas of the world. Studies were conducted to determine the pheromone trap efficacy, effect of shade on trap catches and to monitor the population ofC. sordidususing pheromones in Guam. In Guam, pheromone traps were used to monitor the population level ofC. sordidus.Before monitoring began, two basic studies were carried out, which established that pheromone-baited ramp traps positioned in the shade of the banana crop canopy caught significantly more adults than those placed in sunlight and that ramp traps baited with pheromone lures caught significantly more adults than did identical traps without pheromone lures. Ramp traps baited with pheromone lures were set up at each of 10 locations throughout the island in November 2005. Weekly counts were made of the borers caught by the pheromone traps. The data indicated higher population levels (>10 per week) in the northern region and low (<5 per week) to medium level (5-10 week) populations in the southern part of the island. These differences among sites were highly significant. Linear and quadratic effects of rainfall on the number of borers captured were statistically significant, but according to quadratic regression models, the significance was due to differences at just one site.
Susceptibility of the Selected Crops in Storage to Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulsky in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Babarinde Samuel , Sosina Adebola , Oyeyiola Ezekiel 
Published: January 2009

Susceptibility of the Selected Crops in Storage toSitophilus ZeamaisMotschulsky in Southwestern NigeriaSusceptibility of the selected Nigerian cultivars of twelve crops toSitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky was evaluated in the laboratory (28 ± 2°C temperature and 69 ± 5% relative humidity). The crops were: maize (Zea maysL.), millet [Pennisetum glaucum(L.) X R. Br.], sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], rice (Oryza sativaL.), and yam (Dioscorea rotundataPoir). Others were cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz), pepper (Capsicum annuumL.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp], groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.), melon [Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)], soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc]. The result of antixenosis prescreen shows thatS. zeamaispreferred cereals and tubers to legumes and oil crops.S. zeamaispreference for maize was highest at 1, 24 and 48 hours after infestation (HAI) and was not significantly different from its preference for pepper, millet, sorghum and yam. At 48 HAI,S. zeamaispreference for cereals, tubers and pepper was not significantly different. Soybean and bambara groundnut were the least preferred species. The highest level of damage was observed in cereals and tubers. Millet suffered significantly greater damage than maize at 2-8 weeks after infestation (WAI). Damage done to maize was not significantly different from damage done to tubers at 6 and 8 WAI. Pepper, legumes and oil crops suffered significantly lower levels of damage than maize throughout the experimental period. Cumulative number of adult was significantly higher in small-seeded cereals than maize and was of the order: sorghummilletrice. Cowpea, soybean and pepper did not support reproduction and longevity ofS. zeamais.Longevity was best supported by cassava. The results show that in storage, cereals and tubers were more susceptible toS. zeamaisinfestation than legumes, spices and oil crops.
A Qualitative Application of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory to Examine Determinants of Guideline Adherence Among Physical Therapists
Authors: Harting Janneke , Rutten Geert MJ , Rutten Steven TJ , Kremers Stef P 
Published: January 2009

BackgroundEvidence-based practice has become a major issue in physical therapy. Many evidence-based guidelines, however, are not used extensively after dissemination, and interventions aimed at increasing guideline adherence often have limited effects.ObjectiveAs a prerequisite for changing this situation, the aims of this study were to gain an in-depth understanding of the determinants of guideline adherence among physical therapists in the Netherlands and to evaluate the opportunities of a theoretical framework in this respect.Design and MethodsThis observational study consisted of 3 focus group interviews (n=12, 10, and 8) between November 2002 and January 2003. Physical therapists were asked to discuss their opinions about and experiences with the Dutch guidelines for low back pain. Data were analyzed qualitatively using a directed approach to content analysis. Both the interview route and the analysis of the interviews were informed by Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory.ResultsOur study yielded in-depth insights into the various determinants of guideline adherence. Overall, the participants had rather unfavorable opinions about issues related to the dissemination of the guidelines (first phase of the diffusion process) and provided relatively little information on the subsequent adoption process (second phase of the diffusion process). The theoretical framework appeared to be a useful tool to properly structure the focus group interviews, to systematically analyze the data collected, and to determine that supplementary interviews would be necessary to cover the entire diffusion process.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that the diffusion process of guidelines among physical therapists was not yet completed. The use of theory can provide added value to guideline implementation studies.
Partial coronary epidermectomy (coronary peel), dorsodistal wall fenestration and deep digital flexor tenotomy to treat severe acute founder in a Connemara pony
Authors: Eustace R. A. , Emery S. L. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryA new surgical treatment is described that was used to treat acute founder of 16 days' duration in both front feet of an overweight pony. The decision to employ the new method was influenced by the founder having occurred relatively recently, the presence of a large founder distance and the low anticipated success rate based on data obtained from 166 previous cases of acute founder treated with a heart bar shoe, dorsal wall resection and deep digital flexor tenotomy method. The treatment provided rapid improvement in lameness and a successful outcome with a good cosmetic result.
Suspected venous air embolism in a Finnhorse
Authors: Caporelli F. , McGowan C. M. , Tulamo R. M. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryVascular air embolism (VAE) is the entrainment of air from the operative field or other communication with the environment into the venous or arterial vasculature, producing systemic effects. The horse described in this report, after having been discovered to have dislodged the extension set from the jugular vein catheter, demonstrated clinical signs considered most likely to have resulted from a VAE, and represents a case of primarily neurological signs resolving spontaneously. Emphasis is given to the prevention and prompt recognition of this event and to the use of all available tools in the management of cardiovascular complications.