bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF THYROIDECTOMY AND THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE ON RABBIT AORTA INFLUENCED BY EPINEPHRINE
Authors: Lorenzen lb 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of epinephrine on the mucopolysaccharides of the aortic wall in rabbits was studied in thyroidectomized and non-operated animals. In other experiments the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was investigated after simultaneous injection of epinephrine hydrochloride and after starting the TSH injections one week before the epinephrine injections. Thyroidectomy per se caused no alterations in the aortic content of water, hexosamine, hydroxyproline and in vivo uptake of 35S-sulphate, whereas thyroidectomy inhibited epinephrine-alterations in the aortic wall. This was interpreted as a decreased damage to the arterial wall as a consequence of reduced aortic sensitivity to epinephrine. No effect of TSH on the epinephrine-lesions was demonstrable, probably because of the formation of antihormones.
URINARY STEROIDS DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Steinbeck A. W. , Theile Helen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of steroids, as measured by Norymberski techniques, was studied throughout normal pregnancy by repeated urine collections (i. e. serial determinations). In addition, urine collections were obtained in other subjects over several days at various stages of pregnancy which allowed one estimate of steroid excretion (i. e. isolated determinations). Some possible difficulties of the latter method were shown.
Most of the actual excretion values fell within the normal range and only 17-hydroxycorticosteroid and 21-deoxyketol excretions increased consistently with advancing pregnancy. Significantly, steroidal dihydroxyacetone excretions did not increase. Increased excretions were corrected shortly after delivery, suggesting that they were not due to adrenocortical hyperfunction. The significance of the findings is suggested.
ANABOLIC PROPERTIES OF ETHYLESTRENOL
Authors: Overbeek G. A. , Delver A. , de Visser J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anabolic and androgenic properties of ethylestrenol, norethandrolone and methyltestosterone were compared by means of a quantitative levator ani assay (Hershberger 1953). In a second assay of this kind ethylestrenol and methandrostenolone were compared.
In both instances ethylestrenol was shown to be a potent anabolic substance with by far the highest anabolic/androgenic ratio.
ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS DES ERNÄHRUNGSZUSTANDES DER RATTE AUF DEN CORTISON- UND KOHLENHYDRATSTOFFWECHSEL IN DER LEBER
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Pittel Margot , Pohl Franzis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fasting reduces the rate of cortisone inactivation in rat liver slices; the inhibition of cortisone inactivation is greater in male than in female rats. The decline in steroid reduction occurs only if the glucose-6-phosphate content of the liver has reached one tenth of the control value. A significant decrease in liver glycogen and a twofold increase in liver glucose-6-phosphatase-activity alone are without influence on the rate of cortisone reduction. During the fasting periods of 42 and 60 hours the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase remains unchanged. Intraperitoneal injection of glucose normalizes the rate of cortisone inactivation in the course of 2 hours.
The disturbed carbohydrate metabolism is not the only cause of the decreased cortisone reduction; almost one third can be accounted for by the lowered activity of the microsomal 5α-reductase.
THE THYMUS INVOLUTION ASSAY OF CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Snair D. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The assay of corticotrophin in weanling rats, using the decrease in thymus weight as a criterion of response is described.
A straight line was obtained over the range of doses of 120–1920 milliunits* when the log dose was plotted against the thymus weight per 100 g of body weight.
A study of the factors affecting the assay has shown that there is no significant difference in response between males and females and that the thymus weight bears a direct relation to body weight over the range used. Multiple injections increased the sensitivity of the animals to corticotrophin but did not affect the precision of the assay.
Purified corticotrophin preparations were found to have the same relative potency by the thymus involution method as by other subcutaneous injection assay methods.
THE ROLE OF THE TESTIS IN THE RELEASE OF GONADOTROPHINS FROM THE HYPOPHYSIS
Authors: Taira A. M. , Tarkhan A. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To study the role of the spermatogenic epithelium and of the interstitial cells of Leydig in the release of the pituitary gonadotrophins, groups of normal, cryptorchid and castrated adult rats were joined parabiotically to immature male and female rats for a period of seven days. On examination of the genital organs of different recipients, it has been concluded that:
In normal rats, there is no appreciable release of any gonadotrophin during the short period of parabiosis. The spermatogenic epithelium inhibits the release of FSH, while the interstitial cells liberate a hormone that inhibits the release of ICSH. Release of the gonadotrophin which causes luteinisation of the granulosa cells is not activated by cryptorchidism or castration. This gonadotrophin is different from the one responsible for stimulation of growth and functional activity of the Leydig cells. The term »LH« is better confined to the former and »ICSH« to the latter gonadotrophin. ICSH not only acts on the testis but also on the ovary and indirectly on the uterus; this action has been discussed.
ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION
Authors: Bassøe H. H. , Emberland R. , Glück E. , Støa K. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.
DIRECT ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE ON THE RAT MAMMARY GLAND
Authors: Ahrén K. , Hamberger L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone propionate in arachis oil was applied locally to the skin over the third left thoracic mammary gland (= experimental gland) of castrated male and female rats. Arachis oil was applied to the third right thoracic mammary gland (= control gland). After 21–23 days of local applications the development of the experimental and control glands was studied on whole mount preparations.
It was found that small doses of testosterone (0.15 mg daily) stimulated slight but definite lobule-alveolar development in the experimental glands, while the control glands did not show any alveoli. Applications of higher doses of testosterone propionate (0.30 and 0.75 mg daily) stimulated extensive lobule-alveolar development in the experimental glands, while only few alveoli were produced in the control glands.
It may therefore be concluded that the effect of testosterone on the rat mammary gland is not mediated through other endocrine glands, but is a direct, local effect on the mammary gland structures. The result is discussed in relation to our present knowledge of the hormonal control of different growth processes within the mammary glands.
FRACTIONATION AND ANALYSIS OF MONKEY PITUITARY GLANDS FOR POSTERIOR LOBE HORMONES
Authors: Ward Darrell N. , Walborg Earl F. , Lipscomb Harry S. , Guillemin Roger 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fractionation of monkey pituitary glands gave an oxytocin fraction in low yield which showed a counter-current distribution coefficient equivalent to that obtained with oxytocin from other species. Fractionation and chromatography of monkey vasopressin on carboxymethyl cellulose gave arginine-vasopressin of 60% purity, based on amino acid analysis and specific activity. Counter-current distribution on a small scale gave arginine-vasopressin of 89% purity. Reports by others that monkey pituitary glands contain arginine-vasopressin, based on pharmacological activities, are substantiated by the chemical data presented here.
ÜBER DIE WIRKUNG VON ENDOGENEM ANTIDIURETISCHEM HORMON (ADH) AUF DIE SCHILDDRÜSENFUNKTION
Authors: Mertz Dieter P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of endogenous ADH release by nicotine bitartrate on the serum concentrations of protein bound iodine and total iodine was determined by using 131I as tracer. 15 to 30 minutes after the intravenous injection of 0.01 to 0.06 mg nicotine bitartrate per kg body weight, the thyroid function is not altered (P > 0.05). In previous investigations (Mertz 1959 a, b) it was shown that ADH, like vasopressin is capable of stimulating all partial functions of the thyroid if exogenous ADH is given in high doses. It is concluded that (1) the substance stimulating the release of TSH (i.e. thyrotrophin releasing factor = TRF) is not identical with ADH, (2) that TRF is not released by nicotine and (3) that vasopressin possibly contains ADH and TRF. The action of vasopressin on thyroid function may be due to a similarity in the chemical structures of TRF and ADH ('overlapping phenomenon').
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF 3α,17α,21-TRIHYDROXY-5β-PREGNAN-20-ONE (TETRAHYDRO S) FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND METOPIRONE (CIBA SU 4885)
Authors: Norman Nils 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of simultaneous measurements of urinary 17-ketogenic steroids and 3α,17α,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (tetrahydro S) are reported from patients without any endocrine disorders following administration for 3 days of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (15 patients) and oral administration of Metopirone (9 patients). The data obtained are compared with similar determinations performed in 2 patients with Cushing's syndrome, 1 patient with adrenogenital syndrome, 4 patients with hirsutism, 6 patients with suspected pituitary failure and 2 patients with absence of pituitary function. In the patients with no endocrine disorder, tetrahydro S increases fourfold on ACTH stimulation, and almost 60 times following Metopirone administration. The very magnitude of the relative increase in tetrahydro S excretion in normal subjects given Metopirone allows a better gradation of subnormal responses of pituitary ACTH than can be obtained when the effect of the test is judged by the excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids alone. Examples illustrating this are presented in the paper.
ESTIMATION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND EPIANDROSTERONE IN CLINICAL HORMONE ANALYSES
Authors: Pesonen S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The formation of hydrolysis artefacts from 3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHA) by strong mineral acids and high temperature has been studied.
The hydrolysis of DHA has been performed without any acids and at high temperatures. This method can be easily used for the isolation of DHA from urine in clinical hormone analysis, since the high temperature (+98° C) does not essentially break down the DHA. The present method of hydrolysis also liberates the second sulphate conjugate 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (epiandrosterone). In chromatography (the modified method of Dingemanse) both steroids pass into the same fraction. Using two different colour reactions both components of the fraction can be estimated. Altogether 230 DHA fractions isolated from urine samples have been studied. In over half of the analyses studied the quantity of epiandrosterone exceeded 50 per cent of the total amount of steroid in the DHA fractions.
IONIC STUDIES OF DECIDUAL TISSUE GROWTH IN THE RAT UTERUS
Authors: Wrenn T. Randall , Cecil Helene C. , Connolly Mary R. , Bitman Joel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The sequence of water and electrolyte events was followed during development of deciduoma in rats. Minutes after scratching the endometrium, Na and Cl increased and K decreased, probably due to the influx of blood. These changes were followed by a water imbibition at 24 and 48 hours and an increase in K. Damaged horns increased in weight and width during this period. Water and electrolyte alterations were similar in ovariectomized rats. ovariectomized rats given progesterone, and intact rats during the first 48 hours, suggesting that these initial effects were due to the inflammation resulting from the injury inflicted. During the next 48 hours injured uterine horns of ovariectomized rats regressed and composition approached that of uninjured tissue. In contrast, composition of injured horns of progesterone rats or rats with intact ovaries was markedly different from uninjured tissue. Decidual tissue H2O, K, Na and Cl were significantly higher than in undeveloped uterine horns. Ionic composition characteristic of decidual growth was remarkably similar to the ionic pattern exhibited during the inflammatory state.
VARIANTS OF EMBRYONIC TESTICULAR DYSGENESIS: BILATERAL ANORCHIA AND THE SYNDROME OF RUDIMENTARY TESTES
Authors: Bergada Cesar , Cleveland William W. , Jones Howard W. , Wilkins Lawson 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three groups of patients, all of whom had chromatin-negative buccal smears are reported. The chromosomes were XY in the 5 cases in which studies were made.
Group A (»Syndrome of rudimentary testes«) consisted of 4 patients with exceedingly small rudimentary testes who showed no abnormality of male sex differentiation except for a very minute penis. The testes were composed of scanty, small testicular tubules, containing pre-Sertoli cells and some spermatogonia. Foetal Leydig cells were present.
Group B consisted of 4 patients with incompletely masculinized external genitalia and normal male gonaducts but in addition there was persistence of Mullerian elements in all cases, with an infantile uterus in two cases. These findings were similar to those of male pseudohermaphrodites; but careful surgical exploration with extensive microscopic sections revealed no gonadal tissue. Small nodules were present consisting only of fibrous tissue and in three cases a small clump of cells resembling either aberrant adrenal cells or Leydig cells. It is possible that these patients were male pseudohermaphrodites who had had defective testes in early embryonic life which had degenerated later.
Group C (»Bilateral Anorchia«) consisted of 4 patients of adolescent or adult age whose sex organs were entirely male. Testes had never been palpated. They failed to develop secondary sexual characteristics at puberty and they grew tall with eunuchoid proportions. Careful surgical exploration revealed no gonads in either the inguinal canals or the abdomen. The vasa deferentia were traced to their ends and were found to end blindly or in rudimentary epidydimes. According to the theory of Jost functioning testes must have been present in the stage of embryonic sex differentiation and degenerated later.
The selection of the sex of rearing is discussed and it is pointed out that the patients of Group A and have a phallus so small that they can never function adequately as males. Accordingly it is better that they be assigned the female gender in early infancy. This opinion is confirmed by the fact that two patients of Group who were raised as males and treated with testosterone were psychologically very badly maladjusted and in adult life decided to change to the female role.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OVARY OF THE RAT
Authors: Eckstein Benjamin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of ovarian weight, uterine weight, and enzyme activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) to chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and serum gonadotrophin (PMS) treatment at various ages of the developing rat were compared. The greatest response was found at the age of about 30 days. While the uterine weight increases to the same extent as a result of HCG and PMS treatment at all ages examined, the ovarian weight increase and the enzyme activity of SDH are different for these two gonadotrophins. The possible reasons for the maximal reactivity at the age of 30 days are discussed.
HYPERPLASIE LIPIDIQUE DIFFUSE DE L'ÉCORCE SURRÉNALIENNE
Authors: Bernheim Philippe 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The unsuspected discovery of a marked bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in a young 22 year old epileptic patient led us to investigate the constitutional factor involved in this conditions.
Its characteristic are:
Complete absence of endocrine symptomatology. Lipoid clogging of the zona fasciculata. This layer is the site of »cellular renewal«: the lipoid cells tend to disappear and are replaced by numerous young cells derived from the interstitial tissue and which proliferate in the underlying layer.
We believe that this hyperplasia is due to a localized disorder of the fat metabolism the mechanism of which is not understood.
MODIFICATION BY OESTROGENS OF THE REACTION OF THE RAT'S MAMMARY GLAND TO ANDROGENS
Authors: Jacobsohn Dora 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The investigation is concerned with the question, whether the mammary gland of the rat reacts with alveolar growth to androgens alone or to the combined actions of androgens and oestrogens. Since it is difficult to deprive a rat of oestrogens, the study was performed under conditions in which the gland itself either does or does not react to oestrogens. The results were as follows:
Experiments on hypophysectomized rats treated with insulin and cortisone. – This treatment makes the glands responsive to oestrogens. Administration of oestrogens resulted in alveolar development in response to endogenously produced androgens (males injected with PMS) as well as to testosterone injections (gonadectomized rats). Experiments on hypophysectomized rats. – The glands do not react to oestrogens. – Injections of oestrogens together with PMS or testosterone resulted in the abnormal reaction known to occur in the mammary glands of hypophysectomized rats given androgens alone. Alveoli were absent. Confirming previous results with testosterone, the mammary glands of hypophysectomized males injected with PMS reacted abnormally and the reaction was not normalized by simultaneous treatment of the hypophysectomized rats with insulin and cortisone.
The hitherto confusing results obtained by other workers who studied the effects of growth hormone and prolactin on the mammary glands of hypophysectomized rats are discussed, in view of the present finding that a response of the rat's mammary gland to oestrogens is a prerequisite for the production of alveolar lobule development by androgens.
ASSAY OF SUBCUTANEOUSLY ADMINISTERED ANDROGENS ON THE CHICK'S COMB
Authors: Dorfman R. I. , Dorfman A. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The comb response of day old chicks was used to assay androgens administered by subcutaneous injection using both corn oil and aqueous tween vehicles. The use of the oil vehicle afforded a more precise assay method and the comb response was higher than when the aqueous vehicle was employed. When the tween vehicle was used and an arbitrary value of 100 assigned to the activity of testosterone the following relative potencies were found: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (17), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (49), dehydroepiandrosterone (65), and 19-nortestosterone (35). Using the corn oil vehicle and again setting the activity of testosterone as 100, the following relative potencies were recorded: androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (21), 17β-hydroxyandrostan-3-one (370), and testosterone propionate (395).
REACTIONS OF THE TWO TYPES OF A CELLS IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCAGON
Authors: Hellerström Claes , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Repeated subcutaneous injections of crystalline glucagon resulted in a rapid loss of body weight in 5 weeks old rats allowed free access to food. In spite of the large glucagon doses employed (0.3–0.4 mg per rat a day) there was no glycosuria or morphological evidence of an increased insulin secretion from the B cells in the islets of Langerhans. While the nuclear areas of both the islet B and A1 cells decreased by 4.4%, a more pronounced and highly significant nuclear atrophy was noted in the A2 cells. After 5 days' treatment with glucagon the nuclear size ratio A2/B was reduced from 0.94 to 0.91 (t = 2.69; P < 0.02). As a consequence of the regressive changes in the A2 cells the nuclei of these cells were smaller than those of the A1 cells in all 10 glucagon treated rats analysed. The finding of a considerable nuclear atrophy of the A2 cells lends support to the hypothesis that these cells produce glucagon.
FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: Järvinen Pentti A. , Pesonen Sykkö , Väänänen Pirkko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration.
The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration.
The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS).
The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group.
The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant.
The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.
URINARY EXCRETION OF PREGNANETRIOL IN THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE. I
Authors: Pickett Mary T. , Kellie A. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using the method of Stern (1957), pregnanetriol fractions have been prepared from urine samples of a healthy woman during phases of minimal and maximal pregnanetriol excretion. Examination of these fractions by bismuthate oxidation and by gradient elution chromatography has confirmed that the increase measured by the Stern method is, indeed, mainly due to 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol.
A similar fraction obtained during the luteal phase of an ovulatory cycle in an adrenalectomized woman has been purified by adsorption and partition chromatography and shown by infrared spectroscopy to contain 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol.
BIOASSAY OF THYROID HORMONE USING HYPOTHYROID TADPOLES
Authors: Henriques U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A bioassay of thyroid hormone has been developed using Xenopus larvae made hypothyroid by the administration of thiourea. Only tadpoles of uniform developmental rate were used. Thiourea was given just before the metamorphotic climax in concentrations that produced neoteni in an early metamorphotic stage. During maintained thiourea neotoni, 1-thyroxine and 1-triiodothyronine were added as sodium salts to the water for three days and at the end of one week the stage of metamorphosis produced was determined. In this way identical dose-response curves were obtained for the two compounds. No qualitative differences between their effects were noted except that triiodothyronine seemed more toxic than thyroxine in equivalent doses. Triiodothyronine was found to be 7–12 times as active as thyroxine.