Abstract 5953: DUSP6 is a novel target in neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Momeny Majid , Khalaj Vahid , AghaAmiri Solmaz , Ear Po Hien , Vargas Servando Hernandez , Ghosh Sukhen , Azhdarinia Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare malignancies derived from enterochromaffin cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and most frequently observed in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system. Surgery is the major treatment for localized NETs. In high-grade NETs, treatment opportunities include chemotherapeutic drugs such as temozolomide (TEM), and capecitabine and small-molecule targeted therapies such as everolimus or sunitinib. Despite promising initial responses, most patients develop therapy resistance by unknown mechanisms. Therefore, there is a pressing need to apprehend the mechanisms of resistance to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the current treatments. Phosphatases are emerging and novel targets in human malignancies and their modulation yields significant anti-tumor activities. Dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is a MAPK phosphatase and mainly binds to and dephosphorylates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. DUSP6 expression is increased in several malignancies, correlating with distant metastases and a worse clinical outcome. Moreover, DUSP6 mediates resistance to certain chemotherapeutics and small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors and its blockade increases therapeutic sensitivity. The current study aimed to investigate the contribution of DUSP6 to therapy resistance in the NET models.
Material and Methods: Using Western blot analysis, the expression of DUSP6 was measured in 8 clinical samples of small bowel neuroendocrine tumors, the NET cell lines BON-1, H69, IMR-32, QGP and H524 and two PDX models, 1452 (rectal neuroendocrine) and 913 (pancreatic neuroendocrine). The effects of DUSP6 depletion on cell viability were explored using a pharmacological inhibitor, BCI, and its siRNA-mediated knockdown. Moreover, BCI-mediated apoptotic cell death was measured by an annexin V/PI staining assay.
Results: DUSP6 expression was positive in 5 out of 8 clinical samples, 4 NET cell lines and both the PDX models. BCI treatment induced an apoptotic response in the NET models and synergistically increased sensitivity to TMZ and cisplatin in 1452 cells., RNAi-mediated depletion of DUSP6 also increased sensitivity to sunitinib and triggered TMZ-induced apoptotic cell death in 1452 cells, which was associated with changes in (O6-Methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase) MGMT expression. These findings suggest that DUSP6 is an important therapeutic target in neuroendocrine tumors and its blockade is a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the therapeutic index of current treatments.
Citation Format: Majid Momeny, Vahid Khalaj, Solmaz AghaAmiri, Po Hien Ear, Servando Hernandez Vargas, Sukhen Ghosh, Ali Azhdarinia. DUSP6 is a novel target in neuroendocrine tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5953.