bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the function of song-matching in birds: responses of eastern male song sparrows Melospiza melodia to partial song-matching
Authors: Searcy William , Anderson Rindy , Nowicki Stephen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSong-matching has been hypothesized to be a signal of aggressive intentions whereby matching an opponent signals that the singer is likely to attack. Theory predicts that an aggressive signal should impose a cost that enforces the signal's reliability. A receiver-dependent cost imposed by the matched bird's aggressive retaliation has been proposed for song-matching. We tested for such a cost for partial song-matching in an eastern population of song sparrows where males lack the shared song types necessary for song type matching, but can perform partial song-matching using shared song segments. We tested aggressive response, as measured by average distance to a playback speaker, to partial-matching songs and non-matching songs. We predicted a stronger aggressive response to partial-matching songs, as has been shown for whole song-matching in western song sparrow populations. The birds in our study responded no differently to partial-matching and non-matching songs. Neither the distance to the playback speaker nor singing responses differed between playback treatments. Our results do not support a receiver-dependent cost to partial song-matching, as would be expected if partial-matching is a direct threat. Instead, we suggest that partial song-matching functions as a signal of attention.
The silk tuft web decorations of the orb-weaver Gasteracantha cancriformis : testing the prey attraction and the web advertisement hypotheses
Authors: Gawryszewski Felipe , Motta Paulo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral orb-web spiders build conspicuous decorations in their webs. The prey attraction hypothesis proposes that decorations increase spider foraging success by attracting prey, and that attraction is linked to UV reflectance. Alternatively, the web advertisement hypothesis proposes that decorations are a signal that advertises the presence of the web to large animals. We tested both hypotheses for the web silk tufts of Gasteracantha cancriformis. Even though tufts are UV reflective, we did not find support for the prey attraction hypothesis. In the field, when webs with tufts painted black and control webs were compared, there were no differences in the number of prey captured, number of damaged areas in webs and type of prey captured. In the laboratory, Drosophila melanogaster did not demonstrate preference for tufted silk lines versus non-tufted silk lines. Our data also did not give support for the web advertisement hypothesis. The proportion of web destruction was similar between web with tufts painted black and control webs during four days of experimentation. Therefore, two of the most favoured hypotheses that attempt to explain decorations do not apply for web silk tufts in our study system. Instead we propose that silk tufts might be an aposematic signal.
Active space of chemical alarm cue in natural fish populations
Authors: Wisenden Brian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemical cues released from injured fish skin during a predator attack provide reliable information about the presence of predation risk. Here, I report estimates of the area avoided by littoral fishes after experimental release of chemical alarm cues in two small lakes in northern Minnesota. Minnow traps were labeled chemically with either water (control) or skin extract (chemical alarm cue) made from 2 cm2 of cyprinid skin (redbelly dace in experiment 1, fathead minnows in experiment 2). Traps labeled with water were placed 1, 2, or 8 m from traps labeled with alarm cue. After 2 h, water-traps that were either 1 or 2 m distant from an alarm-trap caught significantly fewer fish than water-traps 8 m distant from alarm-traps. Conspecific and heterospecific skin extract produced similar area avoidance by fathead minnows. Redbelly dace showed a larger active space in response to conspecific than heterospecific alarm cues. Brook stickleback showed reduced catches within 2 m of skin extract of fathead minnows. Overall, the radius of active space was between 2 and 8 m under lake conditions with average subsurface currents of 0.82 cm/s. These data are the first field estimates of active space of ostariophysan chemical alarm cues.
An audit of healthcare workers' knowledge of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) against current infection control standards
Authors: Trigg D. , Timmons S. , Pynegar C. 
Published: January 2008

The aim of this audit was to establish the knowledge of different healthcare workers regarding meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection control precautions within the clinical environment. Data was interpreted to identify how education could be appropriately targeted to enhance the knowledge of all staff. A cross-sectional audit tool was developed from existing policies and national guidelines. Stratified random sampling was undertaken and 961 audits were distributed proportionately to differing groups of healthcare workers from within one UK NHS hospital; 411 audits were returned giving a 43% response rate. The majority of staff (71%) felt that MRSA is a very serious issue. The amount of staff that had read the trust's MRSA policy or received any formal MRSA education varied considerably, depending on the healthcare worker's occupation, and it was predominantly the nursing staff who had read the MRSA policy. It was unexpected, but encouraging, to find that unregistered nurses (healthcare assistants) and doctors had received the most education regarding MRSA. Of concern was that the majority of hotel services staff (69%) had not read the policy or received any MRSA education (79%). Only medical staff felt they had received adequate amounts of education on MRSA.
The CD40-TRAF6 axis is the key regulator of the CD40/CD40L system in neointima formation and arterial remodeling
Authors: Donners Marjo M. P. C. , Beckers Linda , Lievens Dirk , Munnix Imke , Heemskerk Johan , Janssen Ben J. , Wijnands Erwin , Cleutjens Jack , Zernecke Alma , Weber Christian , Ahonen Cory L. , Benbow Ulrike , Newby Andrew C. , Noelle Randolph J. , Daemen Mat J. A. P. , Lutgens Esther 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
We investigated the role of CD40 and CD40L in neointima formation and identified the downstream CD40-signaling intermediates (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]–receptor associated factors [TRAF]) involved. Neointima formation was induced in wild-type, CD40−/−, CD40L−/−, and in CD40−/− mice that contained a CD40 transgene with or without mutations at the CD40-TRAF2,3&5, TRAF6, or TRAF2,3,5&6 binding sites. Compared with wild-type mice, CD40−/− mice showed a significant decrease in neointima formation with increased collagen deposition and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration. Neointima formation was also impaired in wild-type mice reconstituted with CD40−/− bone marrow. In vitro, the capacity of CD40−/− leukocytes to adhere to the endothelium was reduced. Ligated carotid arteries of CD40−/− mice showed a smaller total vessel volume and an impaired remodeling capacity, reflected by decreased gelatinolytic/collagenolytic activity. Comparable results were found in mice with defects in CD40-TRAF6 and CD40-TRAF 2/3/5&6 binding, but not in mice with defects in CD40-TRAF2/3&5 binding. Neointima formation and vascular remodeling in CD40-receptor–deficient mice is impaired, due to a decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and matrix-degrading protease activity, with CD40-TRAF6 signaling as the key regulator. This identifies the CD40-TRAF6 axis as a potential therapeutic target in vascular disease.
Habitat‐Specific Differences in Mercury Concentration in a Top Predator from a Shallow Lake
Authors: Chumchal Matthew M. , Drenner Ray W. , Fry Brian , Hambright K. David , Newland Leo W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe conducted a survey of mercury contamination in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from Caddo Lake, Texas, and found that fish collected from forested wetland habitat had higher concentrations of mercury than those collected from open‐water habitat. Habitat‐specific differences in largemouth bass size, age, absolute growth rate, trophic position (based on δ15N), and horizontal food web position (based on δ13C), characteristics known to influence mercury accumulation, did not explain the observed differences in mercury contamination. Rather, habitat‐related differences in mercury concentration in a primary consumer, Mississippi grass shrimp Palaemonetes kadiakensis, indicated that food webs in forested wetland habitat were more contaminated with mercury than those in open‐water habitat. Spatial variation in mercury contamination within lakes and elevated mercury concentrations in forested wetlands should be of special concern not only to researchers but also to public and environmental health officials dealing with mercury contamination in aquatic environments and human health risks associated with consumption of fish contaminated with mercury.
Effects of pre-treatment with magnetic ion exchange resins on coagulation/flocculation process
Authors: Sani B. , Basile E. , Lubello C. , Rossi L. 
Published: January 2008

A new Magnetic Ion EXchange resin for DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) removal (MIEX®DOC Resin) has been evaluated as water pre-treatment at the Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) of Florence in order to reduce the oxidant demand and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential. This pre-treatment leads to several effects on downstream treatment processes. In this experimental study the effects of MIEX® pre-treatment on clariflocculation process were evaluated with respect to coagulant demand reduction and characteristics of flocs formed. The analysis was conducted using traditional jar test procedures and a Photometric Dispersion Analyser (PDA2000) which provided continuous information about the aggregation state of particles during the jar tests.
For a fixed turbidity goal in clarified water, ion exchange pre-treatment led to coagulant dosage reduction up to 60% and PDA results shown that flocs formed in pre-treated water were bigger and more resistant to shearing effects than those formed by conventional clariflocculation.
Zeta potential measurement on the surface of blue-green algae particles for micro-bubble process
Authors: Taki Kazuo , Seki Tatsuhiro , Mononobe Sakiyori , Kato Kohichi 
Published: January 2008

Any kind of blue-green alga produces metabolites of musty substances and toxins. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the blue-green algae, and processing also including nutrient removal is desired for the water quality improvement of eutrophic lakes. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the possibility of a flotation system using a hybrid technique (chemical compounds and electrostatic bridge) applied to raw water containing phytoplankton with high pH of water, and to examine the zeta potential value of phytoplankton surface and the removal efficiency for phytoplankton, ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphoric acid.
The results were as follows: firstly, zeta potential of M. aeruginosa particles was observed to achieve charge neutralization on their surface by adhesion of magnesium hydroxide precipitation with increasing pH. Secondly, maximum removal efficiency concerning chlorophyll-a was observed as 84%, and this efficiency was obtained in the condition of pH &gt; 10, and magnesium hydroxide precipitation was observed. Thirdly, in the pH condition that the maximum removal efficiency of chlorophyll-a was obtained, the removal efficiency and the amount of decrease of NH4-N and PO4-P before and after the change of pH values were observed as 6.7% (0.04 mg-P/L) and 63.6% (0.07 mg-N/L), respectively.
Weighing environmental advantages and disadvantages of advanced wastewater treatment of micro-pollutants using environmental life cycle assessment
Authors: Wenzel H. , Larsen H.F. , Clauson-Kaas J. , Høibye L. , Jacobsen B.N. 
Published: January 2008

Much research and development effort is directed towards advances in municipal wastewater treatment aiming at reducing the effluent content of micro-pollutants and pathogens. The objective is to further reduce the eco-toxicity, hormone effects and pathogenic effects of the effluent. Such further polishing of the effluent, however, involves an environmental trade-off: the reduction in eco-toxicity, hormone effects, etc. will happen at the expense of increased resource- and energy consumption. Obviously, at some point of further advances, there must be an ‘environmental break-even’.
This trade-off was investigated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and based on a literature review of advanced treatment performance. The LCA evaluation comprised sand filtration, ozonation and MBRs and assessed the effect of extending existing tertiary treatment with these technologies on a variety of micro-pollutants being: heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni), endocrine disruptors (E2 and EE2), PAH, DEHP, and detergents (LAS & NPE).
It was found, in some of the studied scenarios, that more environmental impact may be induced than removed by the advanced treatment. The study showed that for the 3 technologies, sand filtration has the best balance between prevented and induced impacts, and sand filtration proved to have a net environmental benefit under the assumptions used in the study. But the outcome of the study suggests that this is not always the case for ozonation and MBR.
A treatment algorithm for the management of cervical spine fractures and deformity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kanter Adam S. , Wang Michael Y. , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: January 2008

Object
Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who present with cervical spine fractures represent a unique challenge to spine surgeons. These injuries often result in neurological deficits that necessitate early and aggressive surgical management with posterior and/or anterior fixation. The authors introduce a clinical problem-solving algorithm to assist in the surgical management of instability and deformity in this exigent patient population.

Methods
Thirteen patients with AS and fractures of the cervical spine were radiographically evaluated to determine if spinal realignment was obtainable with cervical manipulation or traction. Seven patients had flexible deformities that were stabilized with either anterior or posterior fixation only, and 6 patients had fixed deformities and required circumferential anterior–posterior instrumentation. All patients were observed for neurological outcome, radiographic evidence of bone fusion, and complications.

Results
With the use of the authors' treatment algorithm, all patients were able to achieve satisfactory spinal realignment and bone fusion; 92% of patients achieved postoperative stability or improvement in Nurick and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale scores. One patient experienced neurological deterioration following surgery, and 1 patient died at an acute rehabilitative facility following discharge.

Conclusions
Patients with AS are highly susceptible to extensive neurological injury and spinal deformity after sustaining cervical fractures from even minor traumatic forces. These injuries are uniquely complex in nature and require considerable scrutiny and aggressive surgical management to optimize spinal stability and functional outcomes. The authors' clinical problem-solving algorithm will assist spine surgeons in providing optimal care in this difficult population.
Multi-modality imaging of uveal melanomas using combined PET/CT, high-resolution PET and MR imaging
Authors: Pietrzyk U. , Knoess C. , Vollmar S. , Wienhard K. , Kracht L. , Bockisch A. , Maderwald S. , Kühl H. , Fitzek M. , Beyer T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWe investigated the efficacy of combined FDG-PET/CT imaging for the diagnosis of small-size uveal melanomas and the feasibility of combining separate, high-resolution (HR) FDG-PET with MRI for its improved localization and detection. Patients, methods: 3 patients with small-size uveal melanomas (0.2–1.5 ml) were imaged on a combined whole-body PET/CT, a HR brain-PET, and a 1.5 T MRI. Static, contrast-enhanced FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed of head and torso with CT contrast enhancement. HR PET imaging was performed in dynamic mode 0–180 min post-injection of FDG. MRI imaging was performed using a high-resolution small-loop-coil placed over the eye in question with T2–3D-TSE and T1–3D-SE with 18 ml Gd-contrast. Patients had their eyes shaded during the scans. Lesion visibility on high-resolution FDGPET images was graded for confidence: 1: none, 2: suggestive, 3: clear. Mean tumour activity was calculated for summed image frames that resulted in confidence grades 2 and 3. Whole-body FDG-PET/CT images were reviewed for lesions. PET-MRI and PET/ CT-MRI images of the head were co-registered for potentially improved lesion delineation. Results: Whole-body FDG-PET/CT images of 3/3 patients were positive for uveal melanomas and negative for disseminated disease. HR FDG-PET was positive already in the early time frames. One patient exhibited rising tumour activity with increasing uptake time on FDG-PET. MRI images of the eye were co-registered successfully to FDG-PET/CT using a manual alignment approach. Conclusions: Small-size uveal melanomas can be detected with whole-body FDG-PET/CT. This feasibility study suggests the exploration of HR FDG-PET in order to provide additional diagnostic information on patients with uveal melanomas. First results support extended uptake times and high-sensitivity PET for improved tumour visibility. MRI/PET co-registration is feasible and provides correlated functional and anatomical information that may support alternative therapy regimens.
Influence of assimilated SST on regional atmospheric simulation: A case of a cold‐air outbreak over the Japan Sea
Authors: Yamamoto Masaru , Hirose Naoki 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) assimilated using an ocean circulation model is used for the atmospheric simulation of a cold‐air outbreak over the Japan Sea. The upward surface‐turbulent heat fluxes are significantly influenced by the high‐resolution SST structure resulting from mesoscale oceanic eddies. A strong deceleration of the outbreak due to local convective activity arises in a coastal area when using the assimilated SST data, in good agreement with observations; however, this feature is not observed when using the interpolated SST. In general, the use of assimilated temperature does improve regional atmospheric simulations. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Applicability of colour index calibrations to T Tauri stars
Authors: Schöning T. , Ammler M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe examine the applicability of effective temperature scales of several broad band colours to T Tauri stars (TTS).We take into account different colour systems as well as stellar parameters like metallicity and surface gravity which influence the conversion from colour indices or spectral type to effective temperature.For a large sample of TTS, we derive temperatures from broad band colour indices and check if they are consistent in a statistical sense with temperatures inferred from spectral types. There are some scales (for V – H, V – K, I – J, J – H, and J – K) which indeed predict the same temperatures as the spectral types and therefore can be at least used to confirm effective temperatures.Furthermore, we examine whether TTS with dynamically derived masses can be used for a test of evolutionary models and effective temperature calibrations. We compare the observed parameters of the eclipsing T Tauri binary V1642 Ori A to the predictions of evolutionary models in both the H‐R and the Kiel diagram using temperatures derived with several colour index scales. We check whether the evolutionary models and the colour index scales are consistent with coevality and the dynamical masses of the binary components. It turns out that the Kiel diagram offers a stricter test than the H‐R diagram. Only the evolutionary models of Baraffe et al. (1998) with mixing length parameter α = 1.9 and of D'Antona & Mazzitelli (1994, 1997) show consistent results in the Kiel diagram in combination with some conversion scales of Houdashelt et al. (2000) and of Kenyon & Hartmann (1995). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contribution to the study of F‐G‐K‐M binaries: XII. Orbital elements of seven new spectroscopic binaries
Authors: Carquillat J.‐M. , Prieur J.‐L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe orbital elements of seven single‐lined spectroscopic binaries, HD 31855, HD 59643, HD 60092, HD 133189, HD 162262, HD 203522, BD +43° 1331 are presented. They are obtained from observations made with two photoelectric spectrometers of CORAVEL type, the first located at the Observatoire de Haute‐Provence and the second at the Cambridge Observatories. From those orbital elements and other data available in the literature, we deduce some information about the unseen companions and their separations with respect to the primaries. We then discuss the rotation‐revolution synchronism and conclude that some of those stars have probably reached the state of (pseudo‐)synchronism. Finally we give a synopsis of the results obtained in this series of papers. Our radial velocity monitoring of more than three decades has allowed us to derive accurate orbital elements of 35 spectroscopic binaries, with a cool primary star of type F‐G‐K‐M. The corresponding range of periods varies from a few days to more than 10 years. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The clustering properties of Luminous Red Galaxies
Authors: Deng X.F. , Zou S.Y. , He J.Z. , Jiang P. , Tang X.X. , Qian X.X. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBy cluster analysis, we study the clustering properties of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) and compare them with those of Main galaxies. We find that the clustering properties of Luminous Red Galaxies is different from those of Main galaxies, and that LRGs cluster mainly in form of close double and multiple galaxies, galaxy groups. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
27‐day variations of solar indices and cosmic ray neutron monitor intensities
Authors: Minarovjech M. , Rušin V. , Saniga M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSolar activity indices (coronal, chromospheric as well as photospheric) and cosmic ray neutron monitor rates (different cut‐off rigidity) have been used to study 27‐day variations in the years from 1957 to 2004. Daily data were employed for this purpose, analysed by the FFT and wavelet techniques. To work with a continuous data set for the cosmic rays (CR), the ‘Composite Cosmic Ray’ (CCR) set was first created from the observations carried out at different neutron monitor stations. The CCR frequency analysis shows significant 27‐day variations in the intensity of CR, with its amplitude's values very sensitive to the sign of the quantity qA. The most significant 27‐day variations of CR were found not to correlate with those of other solar indices. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)