bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic design sensitivity in structural dynamics
Authors: Hien T. D. , Kleiber M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA method to analyse stochastic design sensitivity for problems of structural dynamics is presented. A combination of the adjoint variable approach and the second order perturbation method is used in the finite element context. An alternative form of the constraint functional that holds for all times is introduced to consider the time response of dynamic sensitivity. The terminal problem of the adjoint system is solved using equivalent homogeneous equations exicited by initial velocities. The numerical procedures are shown to be much more efficient when based on the fold superposition technique: the generalized co‐ordinates are normalized and the correlated random variables are transformed to uncorrelated variables, whereas the secularities are eliminated by the fast Fourier transform of complex valued sequences. Numerical algorithms have been worked out and proved to be accurate and efficient; they can be readily adapted to fit into the existing finite element codes whose element derivative matrices can be explicitly generated. A number of numerical results for the deterministic and stochastic sensitivity analysis of beams and shells illustrates the paper.
Conservative versions of the locally exact consistent upwind scheme of second order (Lecusso‐scheme)
Authors: Günther Cl. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTwo conservative versions of the recently introduced locally exact consistent upwind scheme of second order (LECUSSO‐scheme) are presented which both use four points (two upstream, one downstream) and do not suffer from wiggles. Test calculations using a flow problem with an exact analytical solution show that the two schemes, called LECUSSO‐C and QUICK‐PLUS, are superior to the original LECUSSO‐scheme and to several other standard difference schemes.
Optimal structural design with damping constraint limitations
Authors: Suweca W. , Jezequel L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe algorithm optimization presented uses the optimality criteria method so as to minimize the total weight of the structure in the presence of a constraint of the damping type. The goal of this study is to increase the structural damping by optimizing the viscoelastic and elastic material distribution over the structure. The types of damping considered are hysteristic. The gradient of the constraint function in relation to the design variables is calculated with the aid of a complex variable sensitivity method. Several numerical results are presented to validate the algorithm proposed.
A galerkin symmetric boundary‐element method in elasticity: Formulation and implementation
Authors: Sirtori S. , Maier G. , Novati G. , Miccoli S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStatic discontinuities (i.e. distributions of forces along a line or a surface, implying a jump of tractions across it) and kinematic (displacement) discontinuities are considered simultaneously as sources acting on the unbounded elastic space Ω∞ along the boundary Γ of a homogeneous elastic body Ω embedded in Ω∞. The auxiliary elastic state thus generated in the body is associated with the actual elastic state by a Betti reciprocity equation. Using suitable discretizations of actual and fictitious boundary variables, a symmetric Galerkin formulation of the direct boundary element method is generated.The following topics are addressed: reciprocity relations among kernels with particular attention to the role of singularities; conditions to be satisfied by the boundary field modelling in order to achieve the symmetry of the coefficient matrix; variational properties of the solution.With reference to two‐dimensional problems, a technique based on a complex‐variable formalism is proposed to perform the double integrations involved in this approach. An implementation of this technique for elastic analysis is described assuming straight elements, with continuous linear displacements and piecewise‐constant tractions; all the double integrations are carried out analytically.Comparisons, from the computational standpoint, with the traditional non‐symmetric method based on collocation and single integration, demonstrate the effectiveness of the present approach.
A consistent model for first‐order moderate rotation plate theory
Authors: Sacco Elio 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe first‐order shear deformation plate theory can be used in the small strain and moderate rotation non‐linear elasticity by defining correctly the displacement vector form. In this paper, the problem of the consistency between the displacement vector form and the finite strain tensor approximation is analysed. Then, a new moderate rotation theory is proposed. The variational form of the governing equations is derived for the beam and the plate problems in a consistent way. Then, an iterative numerical procedure based on the finite element method and the secant striffness matrix is developed in order to solve the non‐linear differential equation problem. Computations are made for one‐ and two‐dimensional structures, in order to assess the performance of the von Kármán, finite elasticity, classical and the proposed moderate rotation theories.
Regulation and interplay of apoptotic and non‐apoptotic cell death
Authors: Kim R , Emi M , Tanabe K , Murakami S , Uchida Y , Arihiro K 
Published: November 2005

AbstractVarious death triggers including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and growth factor deprivation promote the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) or enhanced permeability of the mitochondrial membrane, otherwise known as mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, by insertion of Bax/Bak into the outer membrane where it interacts with voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC)/adenine nucleotide transporter (ANT). MMP leads to the release of small pro‐apoptotic molecules, which induce caspase‐dependent and ‐independent apoptotic cell death. The production of ROS due to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential enhances the permeability of lysosomal membranes, resulting in the release of lysosomal proteases, which contribute to mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and the lysosomal degradation mechanism of autophagic cell death. Although defects in apoptotic and non‐apoptotic cell death pathways can be carcinogenic, these pathways are more or less preserved within cancer cells and can therefore influence cell death and mediate resistance to cancer treatment. This paper discusses recent advances in determining the molecular mechanisms behind regulation of apoptotic and non‐apoptotic cell death, as well as the interplay between these two processes, which may lead to the development of new strategies by which to enhance the therapeutic effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of phenylquinoxaline oligomers containing pendant electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups
Authors: Baek Jong‐Beom , Harris Frank W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA series of extended 6‐substituted quinoxaline AB monomer mixtures, 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐[4‐(4‐hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]‐6‐substituted quinoxaline and 3‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐[4‐(4‐hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]‐6‐substituted quinoxaline, were prepared and polymerized to afford phenylquinoxaline oligomers. High‐molecular‐weight polymers could not be obtained because of the formation of cyclic oligomers. On the basis of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight analysis and molecular modeling results, the formation of a cyclic dimer could be a favorable process resulting in low‐molecular‐weight oligomers. They were completely soluble and amorphous, with glass‐transition temperatures varying from 165 to 266 °C, and they had thermooxidative stability, with samples displaying 5% weight loss temperatures of 419–511 °C in nitrogen. The thermal properties of the monomers and resultant polymers dramatically depended on the polarity of the substituents. The monomers and resultant oligomers displayed high fluorescence in tetrahydrofuran solutions and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone solutions, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6465–6479, 2005
New family of highly emissive, soluble poly(1,4‐fluorenylenevinylene) derivatives: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Kim Yun‐Hi , Shin Dong‐Cheol , Kim Hyung‐Sun , You Hong , Kwon Soon‐Ki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new poly(arylene vinylene) derivative, poly(1,4‐fluorenylenevinylene), with the advantages of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) and polyfluorene (PF), was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The polymer showed a defect‐free structure and a number‐average molecular weight of 32,600. The resulting polymer was thermally stable with a high glass‐transition temperature (200 °C) and was readily soluble in common organic solvents. The polymer film showed a maximum emission at 515 nm and had a photoluminescence quantum yield of 58 ± 5%. A cyclic voltammetry study revealed that the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of the polymer were 2.9 and 5.51 eV, respectively. The double‐layer light‐emitting‐diode devices fabricated from the polymer emitted bright green light with a maximum around 515 nm. The device showed a maximum luminous efficiency of 0.13 cd/A and a maximum luminance value of 600 cd/m2 at 17 V. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 6515–6523, 2005
In Situ fibril formation of thermotropic liquid crystal polymer in polyesters blends
Authors: Kim Jun Young , Kim Seong Hun 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPolymer blends based on poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) and poly‐(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) reinforced with a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer (TLCP) were prepared using a melt blending process. Polymer blends consisting of conventional cheap polyester with a small quantity of expensive TLCP are of interest from an economic point of view. The shear viscosity of the TLCP and polyester blends decreased with increasing shear rate and depended on TLCP content. The lower values of the structural viscosity index for the TLCP and polyester blends were attributed to the formation of fibrillar TLCP structures having elongated fibrils in the polyester matrix. The TLCP/PEN blends exhibited long TLCP fibrils that had smaller average diameters and narrower distributions of the diameter compared with those of the TLCP/PET blends. The higher shear force and lower viscosity ratio observed may favor the in situ TLCP fibril formation in the polyester matrix. The viscosity ratio was the most crucial factor in controlling the morphology of the TLCP phase in the TLCP and polyester blends. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3600–3610, 2005
Recombinant Human Deoxyribonuclease Shortens Ventilation Time in Young, Mechanically Ventilated Children
Authors: Riethmueller Joachim , Borth‐Bruhns Thomas , Kumpf Matthias , Vonthein Reinhard , Wiskirchen Jakub , Stern Martin , Hofbeck Michael , Baden Winfried 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (dornase alfa) is currently used as an inhaled mucoactive agent in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. In a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical study in 100 infants, we investigated whether the therapeutic use of dornase alfa can be extended to ventilated, fluid‐restricted children to reduce reintubation rate, ventilation duration, pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, and ventilation complications. While reintubation rates were similar for dornase alfa 7% vs. placebo 9% (odds ratio, 0.77; confidence interval, 0.11–4.9), the incidence of atelectasis (6 vs. 17, respectively; P‐value 0.051), median ventilation time (2.2 vs. 3.4 days, respectively; P‐value 0.043), median length of PICU stay (7 vs. 8 days, respectively; P‐value 0.051), and mean costs (€4,830 vs. €6,320, respectively) were lower in the dornase alfa group. No adverse effects were observed, even in critically ill patients. We found that dornase alfa was beneficial and safe. Our findings also indicate that dornase alfa is possibly of value from the first day of mechanical ventilation onward, particularly when longer ventilation (>3 days) is expected in fluid‐restricted children after cardiac surgery. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energy‐resolved in‐source collisionally induced dissociation for the evaluation of the relative stability of noncovalent complexes in the gas phase
Authors: Lyapchenko Nataliya , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEnergy‐resolved in‐source collisionally induced dissociation (CID) studies on the complexation of alkali metal cations by some crown ethers, nucleic acid bases, and amino acids have been performed. It has been shown that the cone voltage corresponding to the maximum ion abundance (Vc,Imax) of the breakdown curve is characteristic of a given ion and not influenced by the cone desolvation process or the composition of the solution. Very good agreement of the Vc,Imax value with the bond strength of the ion has been observed. Determination of the Vc,Imax values for different ionic species is a useful, simple, and inexpensive way to obtain their relative stabilities in in‐source CID conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comment on the Joint Committee Statement
Authors: Grundfast Kenneth M , Epstein Stephen 
Published: November 2005

Enclosed in this issue of the BULLETIN is the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing 1994 Position Statement just released for publication. The Joint Committee member organizations that have prepared and approved this position statement include the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery, the American Academy of Audiology, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Speech‐Language Hearing Association and the Directors of Speech and Hearing Programs in State Health and Welfare Agencies. Here is what you need to know‐The 1994 Position Statement:

Endorses the goal of universal detection of infants with hearing loss and encourages continuing research and development to improve techniques for detection of and intervention for hearing loss as early as possible.
Maintains a role for the indicators (formerly called risk factors) described in the 1990 Position Statement.
Identifies indicators associated with delayed or late onset hearing loss and recommends procedures to monitor infants with these indicators.
Recognizes the adverse effects of fluctuating conductive hearing loss from persistent or recurring otitis media with effusion (OME) and recommends monitoring infants with OME for hearing loss.
Endorses the provision of intervention services in accordance with Part H of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Public Law 102‐115.
Postlaryngectomy Dysphagia Caused by an Anterior Neopharyngeal Diverticulum
Authors: Deschler Daniel G. , Blevins Nikolas H. , Ellison David E. 
Published: November 2005

Anterior neopharyngeal diverticulum, which may occur after total laryngectomy, is a mucosalized pouch at the base of the tongue separated from the remaining pharynx by a posterior tissue band. The diverticulum has been alternatively called a pseudo–vallecula and the posterior tissue band a pseudoepiglottis because of the appearance on barium swallow. Kirchner and Scatliff described the neopharyngeal diverticulum as a cause of postlaryngectomy dysphagia in 1962. The dysphagia is characterized by a regurgitant quality similar to that found in patients with Zenker's diverticulum. On indirect examination, the pouch can be seen and often has food or mucus in it.In the setting of postlaryngectomy dysphagia, tumor recurrence must lead the differential diagnosis,2 but indirect examination and barium swallow may reveal the presence of a significant diverticulum. In 30 of 34 postlaryngectomy patients Kirchner et al.3 noted such a pouch varying in size from 1 to 30 cm. A diverticulum developed in all patients in this study who had postoperative fistulas and in 9 of 13 who did not have leaks. The authors postulated dehiscence of the pharyngeal closure at the tongue base as the cause of the diverticulum.Davis et al.4 described a ‘pseudoepiglottis’ in 21 of 28 postlaryngectomy patients. They proposed that the closure technique may affect the incidence of diverticula, noting that all patients with vertical closures had pseudoepiglottis (average length, 18.4 mm), whereas 67% of patients with a ‘T closure’ had such a finding (average length, 9.6 mm). They postulated that the superior suture line folding on itself created the pseudoepiglottis. Biller commented that the cause might be related to the approximation of the constrictor muscles.4No patients in Kirchner's group had surgical treatment of their anterior neopharyngeal diverticulum, whereas two patients in Davis' group underwent laser excision with improvement. Other authors describe patients with a significant ‘vallecular pseudodiverticulum’ treated with external surgical repairs.5 Sobol et al.6 described three patients with neopharyngeal diverticula, two of whom were treated with an endoscopic division of the posterior wall of the diverticulum.We have recently used a simple transoral method, described below, to address this problem and describe two patients with dysphagia caused by an anterior neopharyngeal diverticulum and improvement after this correction.
Six years' experience with interdisciplinary review teams in health technology assessment in Norway
Authors: Håheim Lise Lund , Mørland Berit , Wisløff Torbjørn Fosen , Lyngstadaas Anita 
Published: November 2005

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of interdisciplinary review teams that have been the main and central work form in making health technology assessments at the Norwegian Centre for Health Technology Assessment.Methods: Evaluation questionnaires were sent to all 112 participants in the 17 review teams for the period of January 1998 to June 2003 after completion of the literature assessment. Questions were on the theme/mandate of the assessments, composition of the review team, organization of the work, the working method, and update of the report.Results: The teams ranged from 4 to 14 persons regarded as opinion leaders in their field. The project periods lasted from 4 to 33 months. In all, fifty-five participants gave fifty-eight responses (51.8 percent) to the questionnaires. A total of 83 percent thought the theme was well argued, and 62 percent thought the mandate for the assessments was sufficiently clear. Approximately 80 percent were positive to the composition of the review team. In all, 22 percent expressed that the work method was too extensive and 43 percent wanted more tuition. General comments were that the working method gave competence in assessing medical literature, relevant professional training, and tuition in a working method that ensured the legitimacy of their work.Conclusions: The review team participants were satisfied with most aspects of the work. The Norwegian Centre for Health Technology Assessment will continue using interdisciplinary review teams in making health technology assessments.
Strain gauge measurement of rein tension during riding: a pilot study
Authors: Clayton Hilary M , Singleton Wesley H , Lanovaz Joel L , Cloud Gary L 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA pilot study was performed using a strain gauge transducer intercalated between the bit and the left rein to measure rein tension dynamically during riding. The strain patterns consisted of a series of spikes with frequencies corresponding to two per stride in walk and trot and one per stride in canter. The highest tension recorded in each gait was 43 N at walk, 51 N at trot and 104 N in canter. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the methodology should be adapted so that both reins are instrumented simultaneously, data are transmitted telemetrically to eliminate the need for a tether connecting the horse to the computer, and kinematic data are synchronized with the rein tension recordings.
Cyclical plasma electrolyte and acid–base responses to meal feeding in horses over a 24-h period
Authors: Waller Amanda , Smithurst Kerri Jo , Ecker Gayle L , Geor Ray , Lindinger Michael I 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe present study used the physicochemical approach to characterize the changes in plasma electrolyte and acid–base states that occur in horses in response to feeding. Jugular venous blood was sampled every 0.5–2 h over a 24-h period from two groups (n = 4 and n = 5) of Standardbreds fed a mixed hay and grain ration at 8 am and 7 pm. One group of horses was studied in October, and one in December. The time course and magnitude of feeding responses differed between groups, and between the morning and evening meals. Feeding-induced changes in plasma electrolyte and acid–base variables occurred rapidly, within the first 1–3 h of meal consumption. The plasma acidosis associated with eating the meal was marked by increased plasma [H+] and decreased TCO2. The primary contributors to the increases in plasma [H+] were the decrease in the plasma concentration of strong ions ([SID]) and the pCO2. The increase in plasma total weak acid (protein) concentration ([Atot]) post-feeding had only a minor effect on the acid–base state. The feeding-induced acidosis abated 3–6 h after the meal, showing cyclical recovery of physicochemical variables that contributed to the acid–base disturbance. It is concluded that several key plasma electrolyte and acid–base parameters undergo significant, cyclical fluctuations in response to feeding in horses.
Comparison of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in endurance horses in three 80-km races
Authors: Williams CA , Kronfeld DS , Hess TM , Saker KE , Waldron JE , Crandell KM , Harris PA 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study tested our hypothesis that during an 80-kmResearch Ridein 2002 (R2) horses that did not finish (NF) the ride would have elevated muscle enzyme activities in the blood and changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress as compared to horses that finished (F) the ride. These results were then compared to previous rides –Old Dominion(OD) and theResearch Ride 2001(R1). For R2, 40 mostly Arabian horses competed and had blood samples collected before, at 27, 48 and 80 km, and 170 to 190 min after the 80-km race. Blood was collected similarly in R1 and OD. Blood was analysed for plasma lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), α-tocopherol (TOC), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), red and white blood cell total glutathione (GSH-T) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Data were analysed using a repeated measure ANOVA in SAS. Associations between muscle enzymes and antioxidant status were determined using Pearson's or Spearman's correlations. Activities of CK and AST were higher (P<0.05) before, during and after the ride in NF than in F; however, TOC, LPO, GSH-T and GPx were not different. In R2, negative correlations were found with GPx and CK (r= −0.21;P= 0.005), GPx and AST (r= −0.15;P= 0.05), and a positive correlation was found with GSH-T and CK (r= 0.18;P= 0.02). Values of CK, LPO, GPx and GSH-T were higher (P<0.05) in R2 than in R1 or OD. The overall comparison of 80-km endurance races suggests the importance of considering the horse's fitness, terrain, ambient conditions and calibre of race when interpreting results from markers of oxidative stress and muscle enzyme leakage.