bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equity Return Expectations and Portfolios: Evidence from Large Asset Managers
Authors: Dahlquist Magnus , Ibert Markus 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Collecting large asset managers’ capital market assumptions, we revisit the relationships between subjective equity premium expectations, equity valuations, and financial portfolios. In contrast to the well-documented extrapolative expectations of retail investors, asset managers’ equity premium expectations are countercyclical: they are high (low) when valuations are low (high). We find that asset managers’ portfolios reflect their heterogeneous expectations: allocation funds of asset managers with larger U.S. equity premium expectations invest significantly more in U.S. equities. The sensitivity of portfolios to expectations seems to be muted by investment mandates and is smaller than the one predicted by a standard portfolio choice model.
Reduced GM–WM concentration inside the Default Mode Network in individuals with high emotional intelligence and low anxiety: a data fusion mCCA+jICA approach
Authors: Grecucci Alessandro , Monachesi Bianca , Messina Irene 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to recognize and regulate emotions to appropriately guide cognition and behaviour. Unfortunately, studies on the neural bases of EI are scant, and no study so far has exhaustively investigated grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) contributions to it. To fill this gap, we analysed trait measure of EI and structural MRI data from 128 healthy participants to shed new light on where and how EI is encoded in the brain. In addition, we explored the relationship between the neural substrates of trait EI and trait anxiety. A data fusion unsupervised machine learning approach (mCCA + jICA) was used to decompose the brain into covarying GM–WM networks and to assess their association with trait-EI. Results showed that high levels trait-EI are associated with decrease in GM–WM concentration in a network spanning from frontal to parietal and temporal regions, among which insula, cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, cuneus and precuneus. Interestingly, we also found that the higher the GM–WM concentration in the same network, the higher the trait anxiety. These findings encouragingly highlight the neural substrates of trait EI and their relationship with anxiety. The network is discussed considering its overlaps with the Default Mode Network.
Re-considering Re-partnering: New Insights about Gender and Sexuality in the Study of Second Union Formation
Authors: Ophir Ariane , Boertien Diederik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Past studies have established the existence of a persistent gender gap in re-partnering, wherein women are less likely to re-partner than men in the general population. Existing theories and explanations focus on women’s and men’s socio-demographic characteristics as mechanisms determining their opportunities, needs, and attractiveness in the re-partnering process. However, this work assumes that people are heterosexual and overlooks sexual minorities despite growing scholarly interest in union formation and dissolution among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) people. We investigate whether and how the gender gap in re-partnering intersects with sexual identity to highlight the role of gender relations as a social force that shapes union formation outcomes among both the heterosexual and LGB population. We use retrospective data on cohabitation and marriage histories from the British Understanding Society survey (UKHLS) to estimate event history models. We confirm the existence of a gender gap favoring men among heterosexuals but find that lesbian women are more likely to re-partner than gay men. We do not observe a gender gap among bisexuals. Results are robust to accounting for compositional differences between groups using exact matching techniques. These findings suggest that the persistent gender gap found in past studies is not as universal as previously presumed and that sexual identity plays a vital role in re-partnering outcomes. Therefore, sociologists should explicitly incorporate the gender relational context into models and theories that explain gender differences in union formation outcomes.
Traffic volume imputation using the attention-based spatiotemporal generative adversarial imputation network
Authors: Duan Yixin , Wang Chengcheng , Wang Chao , Tang Jinjun , Chen Qun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the increasing development of intelligent detection devices, a vast amount of traffic flow data can be collected from intelligent transportation systems. However, these data often encounter issues such as missing and abnormal values, which can adversely affect the accuracy of future tasks like traffic flow forecasting. To address this problem, this paper proposes the Attention-based Spatiotemporal Generative Adversarial Imputation Network (ASTGAIN) model, comprising a generator and a discriminator, to conduct traffic volume imputation. The generator incorporates an information fuse module, a spatial attention mechanism, a causal inference module and a temporal attention mechanism, enabling it to capture historical information and extract spatiotemporal relationships from the traffic flow data. The discriminator features a bidirectional gated recurrent unit, which explores the temporal correlation of the imputed data to distinguish between imputed and original values. Additionally, we have devised an imputation filling technique that fully leverages the imputed data to enhance the imputation performance. Comparison experiments with several traditional imputation models demonstrate the superior performance of the ASTGAIN model across diverse missing scenarios.
The Smallpox Chiefs: Bioterrorism and the Exercise of Power in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Lutz John Sutton , Carlson Keith Thor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although there has been much writing and speculation on the deliberate use of smallpox as a tool of genocide, this article documents the use of the bluff threat of spreading smallpox as a tool of power and manipulation in the early days of European trade and settlement in the Pacific Northwest. By documenting ten cases when a bluff threat was used, the article argues that it was a common strategy of Europeans when they felt threatened or thwarted. Because it was compatible with existing Indigenous beliefs about the spread of disease, it was highly credible and was occasionally used by Indigenous people to manipulate others. While Europeans in this era did not actually have the power to control smallpox, the fact that outbreaks of the disease often occurred following a threat to spread it gave credence to the threat and to today’s widespread belief that some or all of the epidemics were deliberate genocide. Recognizing bluff threat bioterrorism as a tool in the newcomer’s arsenal is essential to understanding how the heavily outnumbered and out-gunned newcomers were so often able to manipulate Indigenous people and then establish the settlements that eventually evolved into full scale colonial occupations of Indigenous territory.
Social Connectedness as a Determinant of Health in African-American Low-Income Families with Young Children: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Clore Lauren , Agrawal Rajeev Mohan , Kolm Paul , Rethy Janine A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of social connectedness (SC) in African-American low-income families with young children attending a pediatric primary care clinic and examine its relationships with food insecurity and parental well-being.

Methods:
This cross-sectional analysis used data from the Healthy Children and Families program, a cohort intervention study addressing food insecurity, conducted by an urban pediatric clinic serving low-income predominantly African-American families. Twenty-seven families completed baseline screening tools, including the Social Provisions Scale five-question short form (SPS-5) to measure SC, a modified version of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Household Food Security Survey Module six-item short form to assess food insecurity, and the Parental Stress Index Short Form to measure parental stress. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and partial correlations were conducted to analyze the data.

Results:
The average SPS-5 composite score was 14.5 on a scale of 5 to 20. Moderate negative correlations were identified between SC and food insecurity, weaker when controlled for parental stress. Strong negative correlations were identified between SC and parental stress that held when controlled for food insecurity.

Conclusion:
In this study, we propose a conceptual framework highlighting the complex interplay of social connectedness with other social determinants of child health. The findings align with the 2023 Surgeon General's Advisory on the epidemic on the healing effects of social connection and provide insight into the value of incorporating SC assessments into routine screenings in pediatric primary care settings. Further research is needed to explore causal relationships and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to enhance SC in diverse populations.
Complete Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Outer Retinal Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Longitudinal Evaluation
Authors: Wu Zhichao , Hodgson Lauren A.B. , Goh Kai Lyn , Guymer Robyn H. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
There is a need for robust earlier biomarkers of atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that could act as surrogate endpoints for the geographic atrophy (GA) in early interventional trials. This study sought to examine the risk of progression of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) to the traditional atrophic endpoint of GA on color fundus photography (CFP). This study also compared the risk of progression for cRORA to that associated with the specific OCT features that define nascent GA (nGA), a strong predictor for GA development.

Methods:
One-hundred and forty participants with bilateral large drusen at baseline underwent OCT imaging and CFP at 6-monthly intervals for up to 36 months. OCT volume scans were graded for the presence of cRORA and nGA, and CFPs were graded for the presence of GA. The association and rate of progression to GA for cRORA and nGA were examined.

Results:
Both cRORA and nGA were significantly associated with GA development (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 65.7 and 76.8 respectively; both P<0.001). The probability of progression of cRORA to GA over 24-months (26%) was significantly lower than the probability for progression of nGA (38%; P=0.039).

Conclusions:
This study confirmed that cRORA was a significant risk factor for developing GA, although its rate of progression was slightly lower compared to nGA. Whilst requiring replication in future studies, these findings suggest that the specific features of photoreceptor degeneration used to define nGA appear important when assessing risk of progression.
FUNCTIONAL AND ANATOMICAL OUTCOMES AFTER SHORT-TERM HEAVY SILICONE OIL ENDOTAMPONADE FOR INFERIOR RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL REDETACHMENT, A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Sborgia Luigi , Albano Valeria , Sborgia Alessandra , Viggiano Pasquale , Boscia Giacomo , Zerbinati Marta , Pozharitskiy Nikolai , Binetti Roberta , Dimiccoli Roberta , Fracchiolla Antonio , Boscia Francesco , Alessio Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To assess the success of the short-term location of the heavy silicone oil (Densiron 68, HSO) as endotamponade after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for rhegmatogenous complex retinal re-detachment (RRD).

Methods:
Consecutive, retrospective, nonrandomized, pilot study was conducted. Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients with complex inferior RRD previously tamponade with gas (SF6 or C3F8) or 1000cSt silicon oil (SSO) were selected. All were treated with heavy silicone oil HSO endotamponade, and its removal was performed after 1-month. The main outcomes were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative complications after the heavy silicone oil removal.

Results:
Of the 22 eyes, 10 were SSO endotamponade, 3 with fluorinated gas 14% C3F8, and 9 with 20% SF6 at first surgery. In all cases, a complex inferior RRD was observed after the first surgery, in 1-3 months after silicone oil removal or gas endotamponade introduction.
In ten cases the proliferative vitreoretinopathy PVR (grade B or C 1-3) was found. The main BCVA before HSO removal was 0.55± 0.20 logMAR (range 0.4-0.7) and after the HSO removal, it was 0.32± 0.29 logMAR (0.1-0.4).
Among the postoperative complications, only in 4 eyes the macular edema was found (medically resolved), in 4 eyes an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP), and none of these developed the epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Conclusion:
The main purpose of this study is to establish a short-term heavy silicone oil endotamponade in eyes with complex retinal detachment recurrences, reducing the possible postoperative complications and having a better prognosis for visual acuity outcomes.
A rare presentation of Nocardia Choroidal Abscess after Glioblastoma surgery
Authors: Visioli Giacomo , Beccia Alessandro , Lucchino Luca , Mastromarino Davide , Pirraglia Maria Pia 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
to report the natural history of a rare ocular manifestation of endogenous Nocardia farcinica infection in an immunocompromised patient, with involvement observed in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.

Methods and results:
Given the patient's limited mobility, a handheld fundus camera was utilized for bedside anterior segment and ocular fundus examinations. The findings included visual acuity of hand motion, posterior synechiae, vitreal opacity, and a large choroidal abscess. We monitored the lesion's progression through a series of follow-ups. Despite not employing intravitreal drug therapy, we noted a significant reduction in the lesion's size until the patient's overall health deteriorated.

Conclusions:
This case contributes valuable information to our understanding of the natural history of a rare condition like Nocardia endophthalmitis. We highlighted the usefulness of a handheld fundus camera in aiding infectious disease specialists in assessing the immediate response to systemic treatment.
Peripheral and central neurobiological effects of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) in neuropathic pain: a systematic review
Authors: Moreau Nathan , Korai Sohaib Ali , Sepe Giovanna , Panetsos Fivos , Papa Michele , Cirillo Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT), a presynaptic inhibitor of acetylcholine (Ach) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), is a successful and safe drug for the treatment of several neurological disorders. However, a wide and recent literature review has demonstrated that BoNT exerts its effects not only at the “periphery” but also within the central nervous system (CNS). Studies from animal models, in fact, have shown a retrograde transport to the CNS, thus modulating synaptic function. The increasing number of articles reporting efficacy of BoNT on chronic neuropathic pain (CNP), a complex disease of the CNS, demonstrates that the central mechanisms of BoNT are far from being completely elucidated. In this new light, BoNT might interfere with the activity of spinal, brain stem, and cortical circuitry, modulating excitability and the functional organization of CNS in healthy conditions. Botulinum toxins efficacy on CNP is the result of a wide and complex action on many and diverse mechanisms at the basis of the maladaptive plasticity, the core of the pathogenesis of CNP. This systematic review aims to discuss in detail the BoNT's mechanisms and effects on peripheral and central neuroplasticity, at the basis for the clinical efficacy in CNP syndromes.
Outcomes for Pediatric Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Who Undergo Tracheostomy Placement: A Pediatric Health Information System Database Cohort Study, 2009–2020
Authors: Murphy Salem Sinead L. , Perez Jennifer M. , Staffa Steven J. , Duncan Christine N. , Graham Robert J. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:To describe the epidemiology, surgical complications, and long-term outcomes after tracheostomy in pediatric oncology and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients in U.S. Children’s Hospitals.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort from the Pediatric Health information System (PHIS) database, 2009–2020.SETTING:The PHIS dataset incorporates data from 48 pediatric hospitals in the Children’s Hospital Association.PATIENTS:Patients 0–21 years old with an oncologic diagnosis and/or underwent HSCT, received a tracheostomy, and were discharged from hospital between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2020.INTERVENTIONS:None.MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:There were 1061 patients included in the dataset, and 217 (20.5%) had undergone HSCT. The annual prevalence in tracheostomy usage did not change over the study period. The majority of patients (62.2%) underwent tracheostomy early (< 30 d) in the admission and those who underwent the procedure later (> 90 d) had a significant increase in mortality (52.6% vs. 17.6%;p< 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (MV) at discharge (51.9% vs. 24.5%;p< 0.001) compared with the early tracheostomy patients. Complications reported included tracheostomy site bleeding (< 1%) and infection (24%). The overall rate of MV at discharge was 32.6% and significantly associated with chronic lung (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03–2.32) and acute lung disease (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.19–3.98). The overall rate of mortality was 19.6% within the cohort and significantly associated with HSCT (OR, 5.45; 95% CI, 3.88–7.70), diagnosis of sepsis (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.28–3.41), and requirement for renal replacement therapy (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.58–4,83).CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrated a static prevalence of tracheostomy placement in the cohort population relative to the increasing trends in other reported groups. Regardless of underlying diagnosis, the study patients incurred substantial morbidity and mortality. However, tracheostomy specific complication rates were comparable with that of the general pediatric population and were not associated with increased odds of mortality within this population.
Patches in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Saxena Amulya K. , Hayward Romilly K. 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
This systematic review aims to evaluate current choices in practice and outcomes of biomaterials used in patch repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Background:
Multiple biomaterials, both novel and combinations of pre-existing materials are employed in patch repair of large size CDHs.

Methods:
A literature search was performed across Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Publications that explicitly reported patch repair, material used, and recurrences following CDH repair were selected.

Results:
Sixty-three papers were included, presenting data on 4595 patients, of which 1803 (39.2%) were managed using 19 types of patches. Goretex® (GTX) (n=1106) was the most frequently employed patch followed by Dualmesh® (n=267), Surgisis® (n=156), Marlex®/GTX® (n=56), Tutoplast dura® (n=40), Dacron® (n=34), Dacron®/GTX® (n=32), Permacol® (n=24), Teflon® (n=24), Surgisis®/GTX® (n=15), Sauvage® Filamentous Fabric (n=13), Marlex® (n=9), Alloderm® (n=8), Silastic® (n=4), Collagen coated Vicryl® mesh (CCVM) (n=1), Mersilene® (n=1), and MatriStem® (n=1) Biomaterials were further subgrouped as: synthetic nonresorbable (SNOR) (n=1458), natural resorbable (NR) (n=241), combined natural and synthetic nonresorbable (NSNOR) (n=103), and combined natural and synthetic resorbable (NSR) (n=1). The overall recurrence rate for patch repair was 16.6% (n=299). For patch types with n>20, recurrence rate was lowest in GTX/Marlex (3.6%), followed by Teflon (4.2%), Dacron (5.6%), Dualmesh (12.4%), GTX (14.8%), Permacol (16.0%), Tutoplast Dura (17.5%), SIS/GTX (26.7%), SIS (34.6%), and Dacron/GTX (37.5%).When analyzed by biomaterial groups, recurrence was highest in NSR (100%), followed by NR (31.5%), NSNOR (17.5%), and SNOR the least (14.0%)

Conclusion:
In this cohort, over one-third of CDH were closed using patches. To date, 19 patch types/variations have been employed for CDH closure. GTX is the most popular, employed in over 60% of patients; however, excluding smaller cohorts (n<20), GTX/Marlex is associated with the lowest recurrence rate (3.6%). SNOR was the material type least associated with recurrence, while NSR experienced recurrence in every instance.
PathEX: Make Good Choice for Whole Slide Image Extraction
Authors: Yang Xinda , Zhang Ranze , Yang Yuan , Zhang Yu , Chen Kai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe tile-based approach has been widely used for slide-level predictions in whole slide image (WSI) analysis. However, the irregular shapes and variable dimensions of tumor regions pose challenges for the process. To address this issue, we proposed PathEX, a framework that integrates intersection over tile (IoT) and background over tile (BoT) algorithms to extract tile images around boundaries of annotated regions while excluding the blank tile images within these regions.MethodsWe developed PathEX, which incorporated IoT and BoT into tile extraction, for training a classification model in CAM (239 WSIs) and PAIP (40 WSIs) datasets. By adjusting the IoT and BoT parameters, we generated eight training sets and corresponding models for each dataset. The performance of PathEX was assessed on the testing set comprising 13,076 tile images from 48 WSIs of CAM dataset and 6,391 tile images from 10 WSIs of PAIP dataset.ResultsPathEX could extract tile images around boundaries of annotated region differently by adjusting the IoT parameter, while exclusion of blank tile images within annotated regions achieved by setting the BoT parameter. As adjusting IoT from 0.1 to 1.0, and 1 - BoT from 0.0 to 0.5, we got 8 train sets. Experimentation revealed that set C demonstrates potential as the most optimal candidate. Nevertheless, a combination of IoT values ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 and 1-BoT values ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 also yielded favorable outcomes.ConclusionsIn this study, we proposed PathEX, a framework that integrates IoT and BoT algorithms for tile image extraction at the boundaries of annotated regions while excluding blank tiles within these regions. Researchers can conveniently set the thresholds for IoT and BoT to facilitate tile image extraction in their own studies. The insights gained from this research provide valuable guidance for tile image extraction in digital pathology applications.