bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 4th‐order accurate unconditionally‐stable IMS‐FDTD method with low numerical dispersion
Authors: Xiao Fei , Tang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a 4th‐order accurate implicit multistage finite‐difference time‐domain (IMS‐FDTD) method. The analysis of the stability shows that this IMS‐FDTD method is unconditionally stable. In addition, its numerical‐dispersion relation is derived and the analysis shows that its performance is better than those of conventional unconditionally‐stable implicit FDTD methods and is even better than those of some conditionally‐stable explicit FDTD methods, such as the Fang(2, 4)‐FDTD method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1383–1385, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21646
Photonic‐crystal‐fiber‐based Mach–Zehnder interferometer using long‐period gratings
Authors: Yu X. , Shum P. , Dong X. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe systematically analyze the mode‐coupling effects of stress‐induced long‐period gratings (LPGs) using photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Two Mach–Zehnder interferometers based on this grating are demonstrated. These devices offer the unique advantages of being tunable and reconfigurable. Their good interfering efficiency makes them promising for wavelength‐selective filters in WDM communication systems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1379–1383, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21647
Design of tri‐band (EGSM/GPS/PCS) antenna with parasitic element for mobile‐phone application
Authors: Zhang Yabin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper proposed a novel design of tri‐band (EGSM/GPS/PCS) antenna for mobile phone application. The measured data and detailed antenna configure are available, too. The measured results show the design is successful and applicable. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1347–1350, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21651
A compact orthogonal tripolarized multiantenna with low mutual coupling for MIMO channel measurements
Authors: Yan Gang , Du Zhengwei , Gong Ke 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA tripolarized multiantenna made up of three compact orthogonal dipoles is proposed. The three dipoles' phase centers are compact within 1/6 wavelength so that the spatial fading condition of the multi input multi output (MIMO) channel in subwavelength scale can be discriminated in three orthogonal directions of polarization by the multiantenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1358–1362, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21658
Multiwavelength comb generation in self‐starting passively mode‐locked fiber laser
Authors: Zhang Z. X. , Zhan L. , Xia Y. X. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMultiwavelength comb generation in an all‐fiber self‐starting passively mode‐locked figure‐eight erbium‐doped fiber laser is experimentally demonstrated. The nonlinear optical‐loop mirror (NOLM) consisting of a symmetrical optical coupler and a length of single‐mode fiber can act as the mode‐locking element through nonlinear polarization rotation. The linear ring with a section of polarization‐maintenance fiber and a polarization‐dependent isolator can implement linear filtering. Such a self‐starting passively mode‐locked erbium‐doped fiber laser can generate pulses with multiwavelength comb, which is characteristic of all‐fiber and simple configuration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1356–1358, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21659
Research on a new type of UWB tapered slot antenna for receiving arrays
Authors: Wu Feng‐Tao , Yuang Nai‐Chang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Guang‐Fu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new transition from coplanar waveguide (CPW) to slotline is introduced in an ultra‐wideband (UWB) tapered slot (printed) antenna (TSA) for receiving arrays. The difference between the UWB antenna‐array pattern and the conventional narrowband antenna pattern is clarified. The energy pattern and peak amplitude of the receiving waveform are used to characterize the behavior of UWB receiving antenna arrays. Patterns in the H‐plane are measured through an oscillograph; due to the difficulty of installation, the E‐plane pattern is not measured. The results indicate that the array can be used in the practical UWB radar for receiving antenna arrays. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1230–1233, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21663
Investigating the performance of MIMO systems from an electromagnetic perspective
Authors: Bialkowski Marek E. , Uthansakul Peerapong , Bialkowski Konstanty , Durrani Salman 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMultiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless systems use multiple element antennas (MEAs) at the transmitter (TX) and the receiver (RX) in order to offer improved information rates (capacity) over conventional single antenna systems in rich scattering environments. In this paper, an example of a simple MIMO system is considered in which both antennas and scattering objects are formed by wire dipoles. Such a system can be analyzed in the strict electromagnetic (EM) sense and its capacity can be determined for varying array size, interelement spacing, and distributions of scatterers. The EM model of this MIMO system can be used to assess the validity of single‐ or double‐bounce scattering models for mixed line of sight (LOS) and non‐line of sight (NLOS) signal‐propagation conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1233–1238, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21664
Tapered CPW‐fed printed monopole antenna
Authors: Liang Xian‐Ling , Zhong Shun‐Shi , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA compact coplanar rectangular monopole antenna fed by a tapered coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeder in the middle of a trapeziform ground plane is introduced. By using the tapered CPW feeder, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is enhanced by a factor of about 1.7 times compared with a 50Ω CPW feeder. The measured ratio impedance bandwidth reaches about 10.7:1, covering frequencies from 0.76 to 8.15 GHz. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1242–1244, 2006; Published online in Wiley Inter‐Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21666
Synthesis and realization of ultra‐wideband bandpass filters using the Z‐transform technique
Authors: Cai Peng , Ma Zhewang , Guan Xuehui , Anada Tetsuo , Hagiwara Gen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA modified synthesis theory using the Z‐transform technique is presented to design and realize ultra‐wideband (UWB) bandpass filters. Instead of using a system function based on lumped‐element prototypes, a transfer function based on distributed transmission lines is employed to synthesize the filter. In order to get sharp attenuations of the filter, shunt two‐section open‐circuited stubs are employed to produce transmission zeros. A 3° UWB filter is designed and implemented in the form of microstrip lines, and the measured characteristics show good agreement with the theoretical results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1398–1401, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21677
1H HR‐MAS NMR of carotenoids in aqueous samples and raw vegetables
Authors: Miglietta M. L. , Lamanna R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCarotenoids are linear C40 tetraterpenoid hydrocarbons and represent a wide category of natural pigments. They are components of the pigment system of chloroplasts and are involved in the primary light absorption and the photon canalization of photosynthesis. Moreover, they also behave as quenchers of singlet oxygen, protecting cells and organisms against lipid peroxidation.Carotenoids have a strong lipophilic character and are usually analyzed in organic solvents. However, because of their biological activity, the characterization of these compounds in an aqueous environment or in the natural matrix is very important.One of the most important dietary carotenoids is β‐carotene, which has been extensively studied both in vivo and in model systems, but because of the low concentration and strong interaction with the biological matrix, β‐carotene has never been observed by NMR in solid aqueous samples.In the present work, a model system has been developed for the detection and identification of β‐carotene in solid aqueous samples by 1H HR‐MAS NMR. The efficiency of the model has led to the identification of β‐carotene in a raw vegetable matrix. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smeared crack approach: back to the original track
Authors: Cervera M. , Chiumenti M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper briefly reviews the formulations used over the last 40 years for the solution of problems involving tensile cracking, with both the discrete and the smeared crack approaches. The paper focuses on the smeared approach, identifying as its main drawbacks the observed mesh‐size and mesh‐bias spurious dependence when the method is applied ‘straightly’. A simple isotropic local damage constitutive model is considered, and the (exponential) softening modulus is regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. The continuum and discrete mechanical problems corresponding to both the weak discontinuity (smeared cracks) and the strong discontinuity (discrete cracks) approaches are analysed and the question of propagation of the strain localization band (crack) is identified as the main difficulty to be overcome in the numerical procedure. A tracking technique is used to ensure stability of the solution, attaining the necessary convergence properties of the corresponding discrete finite element formulation. Numerical examples show that the formulation derived is stable and remarkably robust. As a consequence, the results obtained do not suffer from spurious mesh‐size or mesh‐bias dependence, comparing very favourably with those obtained with other fracture and continuum mechanics approaches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized damage detection of steel plates from noisy impact test
Authors: Rus G. , Lee S. Y. , Chang S. Y. , Wooh S. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractModel‐based non‐destructive evaluation proceeds measuring the response after an excitation on an accessible area of the structure. The basis for processing this information has been established in recent years as an iterative scheme that minimizes the discrepancy between this experimental measurement and sequence of measurement trials predicted by a numerical model. The unknown damage that minimizes this discrepancy by means of a cost functional is to be found. The damage location and size is quantified and sought by means of a well‐conditioned parametrization. The design of the magnitude to measure, its filtering for reducing noise effects and calibration, as well as the design of the cost functional and parametrization, determines the robustness of the search to combat noise and other uncertainty factors. These are key open issues to improve the sensitivity and identifiability during the information processing. Among them, a filter for the cost functional is proposed in this study for maximal sensitivity to the damage detection of steel plate under the impact loading. This filter is designed by means of a wavelet decomposition together with a selection of the measuring points, and the optimization criterion is built on an estimate of the probability of detection, using genetic algorithms. Numerical examples show that the use of the optimal filter allows to find damage of a magnitude several times smaller. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive computational methods for variational inequalities based on mixed formulations
Authors: Suttmeier F. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis work describes concepts for a posteriori error estimation and adaptive mesh design for finite element models where the solution is subjected to inequality constraints. These methods are developed here for several model problems. Based on these examples, unified frameworks are proposed, which provide a systematic way of adaptive error control for problems stated in form of variational inequalities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna and sex identification of two skeletons from the Early Middle Ages necropolis of Vicenne‐Campochiaro (Molise, Italy)
Authors: Belcastro M. G. , Facchini F. , Rastelli E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLesions attributable to Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI) were examined in two skulls (from graves 100 and 113) from the Early Middle Ages necropolis of Vicenne‐Campochiaro (Molise, Italy). Both skeletons were of older individuals and it was difficult to sex them using standard anthropological methods. We discuss the sex identification of the skeletons in relation to the presence of HFI, as well as the usefulness of this pathological condition as a sex marker, underlining the importance of the relationship between palaeopathological and clinical‐forensic studies. Our study is a further contribution to the case history of HFI in osteoarchaeological material. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine prepared from the group B strain NZ98/254
Authors: Vipond Caroline , Suker Janet , Jones Christopher , Tang Christoph , Feavers Ian M. , Wheeler Jun X. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the absence of a suitable carbohydrate‐based vaccine, outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines have been used to disrupt outbreaks of serogroup B meningococcal disease for more than 20 years. Proteomic technology provides physical methods with the potential to assess the composition and consistency of these complex vaccines. 2‐DE, combined with MS, were used to generate a proteome map of an OMV vaccine, developed to disrupt a long‐running outbreak of group B disease in New Zealand. Seventy four spots from the protein map were identified including the outer membrane protein (OMP) antigens: PorA, PorB, RmpM and OpcA. Protein identification indicates that, in addition to OMPs, OMV vaccines contain periplasmic, membrane‐associated and cytoplasmic proteins. 2‐D‐DIGE technology highlighted differences between preclinical development batches of vaccines from two different manufacturers.
Depletion efficiency and recovery of trace markers from a multiparameter immunodepletion column
Authors: Brand Joachim , Haslberger Tobias , Zolg Werner , Pestlin Gabriele , Palme Stefan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe selective removal of high‐abundance proteins is considered to be an important prerequisite for a sensitive proteome analysis in plasma. In this study, we examined the “multiaffinity removal system”, an immunoaffinity depletion column targeted against six plasma proteins. As determined by sandwich ELISA, the depletion rate for each target protein is >99% over 200 cycles of regeneration. Our data give evidence that two column antibodies are slowly inactivated during the repeated use of the column; however, the individual depletion rate meets the specification of the manufacturer. To estimate a potential loss of analytes after the immunodepletion, we performed spiking/recovery experiments with a selection of tumor markers at concentrations in the lower to medium ng/mL range. The average recovery of 9 out of 11 markers is 78%. A significant proportion of two other markers binds to the column. Based on the average marker recovery and a depletion of ˜;85% of the total protein we estimate a five‐fold enrichment of a potential biomarker by the use of this depletion column. We conclude that the selective depletion of plasma proteins by immunoaffinity chromatography is a valid strategy for the enrichment of potential biomarkers sought by proteomics methodologies.
Protein–protein interactions in actin–myosin binding and structural effects of R405Q mutation: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Liu Yuemin , Scolari Megan , Im Wonpil , Woo Hyung‐June 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDetailed residue‐wise interactions involved in the binding of myosin to actin in the rigor conformation without nucleotides have been examined using molecular dynamics simulations of the chicken skeletal myosin head complexed with two actin monomers, based on the cryo‐microscopic model of Holmes et al. (Nature 2003;425:423–427). The overall interaction is largely electrostatic in nature, because of the charged residues in the four loops surrounding the central primary binding site. The 50k/20k loop, disordered in crystal structures and in simulations of free myosin in solution, was found to be in a conformation stabilized with 1∼2 internal salt bridges. The cardiomyopathy loop forms 2∼3 interprotein salt bridges with actin monomers upon binding, whereas its Arg405 residue, the mutation site associated with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, forms a strong salt bridge with Glu605 in the neighboring helix away from actin in the actin‐bound myosin. The myopathy loop of the R405Q mutant maintains a high degree of two‐strand β‐sheet character when bound to actin with the corresponding salt bridges broken. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface effects on magnetic properties of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Köseoğlu Y. , Kavas H. , Aktaş and B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSuperparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) 2 nm in size were produced by a co‐precipitation method. Superparamagnetic resonance (SPR) spectra at room temperature show a broad line with a Landé g ‐factor, g eff ≈ 2. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased to 24 K, the apparent resonance field decreases while the line width considerably increases. We used a theoretical formalism based on a distribution of diameters or volumes of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles behave as single magnetic domains with random orientations of magnetic moments which are subject to thermal fluctuations. A Landau–Lifshitz line shape function presents adequate results which are in good agreement with the experimental ones. A single set of parameters provides good fits to the spectra recorded at different temperatures. At high T the SPR line shape is governed by the core anisotropy and the thermal fluctuations. By decreasing the temperature, the magnetic susceptibility of shell spins increases. As a result of this, the surface spins produce an effective field on the core leading to a decrease of resonance field, B r. Also, the effective anisotropy increases as the shell spins begin to order. So, the results are interpreted by a simple model, in which each single‐domain nanoparticle is considered as a core–shell system, with magnetocrystalline anisotropy on the core and surface anisotropy on the shell. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural properties of quaternary InAlGaN MQW grown by plasma‐assisted MBE
Authors: Dimitrakopulos G. P. , Kioseoglou J. , Dimakis E. , Georgakilas A. , Nouet G. , Komninou Ph. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuaternary In0.085Al0.285Ga0.63N/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQW) grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy are characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), geometric phase analysis, and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) nano‐analysis. The MQW exhibit sharp well‐defined InAlGaN/GaN interfaces while the GaN/InAlGaN interfaces are more smeared. The InAlGaN quantum wells and the GaN barriers are lattice‐matched. Chemical distribution profiles are extracted from EDX line scans, obtained with a nanoprobe, which are compared to convoluted theoretical profiles, and are in good agreement with the HRTEM observations. Indium clustering occurs after prolonged observation under the electron beam. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of partial dislocations in wurtzite GaN using gradient elasticity
Authors: Kioseoglou J. , Dimitrakopulos G. P. , Komninou Ph. , Karakostas Th. , Konstantopoulos I. , Avlonitis M. , Aifantis E. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA non‐singular gradient elasticity solution for the dislocation self‐energy is employed and compared to previous results for 1/6〈20$ \bar 2 $3〉 partial dislocations fault in wurtzite GaN obtained by empirical potential calculations. Twenty‐four previously obtained stable dislocation cores, twelve for each GaN polarity, are considered. It is shown that the gradient elasticity solution can be fitted to the atomistic simulations with good agreement and can be employed to trace the energetically favourable cores without the requirement of defining a core radius. As a byproduct of this continuum approach, a dislocation self‐energy quantity is derived as a constant material property in terms of a gradient coefficient. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydro‐, Halo‐ and Seleno‐Carbamoylation of Cyclic Enol Ethers and Dihydropyridines: New Mechanistic Pathways for Passerini‐ and Ugi‐type Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Masdeu Carme , Gómez Elena , Williams Nana Aba , Lavilla Rodolfo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe interaction of electrophilic reagents (sulphonic acids, halogens and phenylselenyl chloride) with dihydropyridines and cyclic enol ethers generates reactive cationic intermediates which interact with isocyanides to afford α‐carbamoylated (β‐substituted) heterocycles after aqueous quenching, in Ugi‐ and Passerini‐type reactions. Some post‐condensation transformations (elimination and nucleophilic substitution reactions) on these compounds further expand the synthetic scope of these processes.
Meldrum's Acid in Multicomponent Reactions: Applications to Combinatorial and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Gerencsér János , Dormán György , Darvas Ferenc 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn a multicomponent reaction (MCR), one can create multiple new bonds in a single reaction from readily available starting materials; thus, MCRs are resource‐ and time‐effective and therefore economically favorable processes in diversity generation. In contrast, there are MCRs where a multifunctional building block is introduced instead of an additional diversity‐holding component, and these can be derivatized using very diverse reactions post‐synthetically leading to novel chemotypes. The synthetic applications of Meldrum's acid are focusing primarily on reactions where it is applied as an alternative for acyclic malonic esters. However, its highly acidic character broadened its applications and made it a very useful reagent for MCRs or more precisely in tandem or domino reactions. There are numerous examples reported for the use of the alkylidene conjugates of Meldrum's acid as dienophiles in hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions, as well as Michael acceptors. In most cases spontaneous or concomitant post‐synthetic derivatization increased its synthetic utility. This minireview gives a non‐exhaustive insight into MCRs involving Meldrum's acid, describing various applications in combinatorial and diversity‐oriented synthesis.