bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect evidence of ectopic pancreatic fascioliasis in a human
Authors: Lee Ok‐Jae , Kim Tae‐Hyo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFascioliasis is not common in humans and, furthermore, its ectopic migration into the pancreas is extremely rare. A definitive diagnosis of ectopic fascioliasis is based on the demonstration of flukes in the affected organ. If the flukes invade the parenchyma, however, imaging studies are limited in the detection of worms and surgical identification is required. We encountered a clinical case of probable ectopic pancreatic fascioliasis diagnosed through indirect evidence. A 46‐year‐old Korean woman was admitted with left upper quadrant pain. She had taken praziquantel for hepatic fascioliasis, which had been diagnosed at another hospital, and then developed abdominal pain. Peripheral eosinophilia, hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia were documented. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple, hypodense foci which had coalesced, forming irregular nodules in the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver, and similar 2‐ to 3‐cm sized, hypodense lesions in the body and isthmus of the pancreas. IgG antibody against Fasciola hepatica was positive. Bithionol was given orally, and the patient’s symptoms and biochemistry then improved, with reversal of eosinophilia. Radiological studies showed normalization of the liver and pancreas at the 10th week, and the serology for Fasciola hepatica was negative at the fifth month.
Three‐year audit of the hyperphenylalaninaemia/phenylketonuria spectrum in Victoria
Authors: Boneh Avihu , Francis Dorothy EM , Humphrey Maureen , Upton Helen J , Peters Heidi L 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  To determine the prevalence, the types and severity of hyperphenylalaninaemia (including phenylketonuria (PKU)) in Victoria and to report on a new treatment modality of PKU.Methods:  We reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with high blood phenylalanine levels by newborn screening between November 2001 and October 2004.Results:  We identified 17 newborn babies with high levels of blood phenylalanine (total samples: 190 835). Dihydrobiopterin reductase deficiency was excluded in all babies. Five babies had persistent phenylalanine levels of 200–300, and do not receive any dietary or pharmaceutical therapy. One baby was diagnosed as having pyruvoyl tetrahydro‐pterin synthase deficiency. Following reports of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)‐responsive PKU, we have performed a BH4 load (20 mg/kg, 6R‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐l‐biopetrin dehydrochloride; Schricks Laboratories, Jona, Switzerland) in 10 newborn babies with PKU (one baby with a phenylalanine level of 2600 µmol/L was started on diet without prior load). Three babies had a significant response to BH4 (>35% decrease in phenylalanine level). Protein restriction (1.2 g/kg/day) and introduction of phenylalanine‐free formula, in addition to BH4 treatment, were necessary in one patient. The other patients maintain good metabolic control with BH4 treatment only (at ∼11 mg/kg/day) and an intake of 2–3 g protein per day. Of the nine babies who are on a full PKU diet, three have high phenylalanine tolerance (consistently >40 mg/kg/day).Conclusion:  There is a spectrum of severity of hyperphenylalaninaemia in the population. The detection of BH4‐responsive PKU patients offers them a less restrictive dietary regimen and an improved quality of life, and may enable near normal life‐style in adolescence.
Does necrotising enterocolitis impact the neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes in preterm infants with birthweight ≤1250 g?
Authors: Soraisham Amuchou S , Amin Harish J , Al‐Hindi Mohammed Y , Singhal Nalini , Sauve Reginald S 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  To compare the long‐term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 36 months adjusted age in preterm infants (birthweight (BW) ≤ 1250 g) with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) with BW‐matched controls.Methods:  This is a case control study performed at a regional tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit. Infants with stage II or III NEC admitted to a regional tertiary care neonatal unit between 1995 and 2000 were identified. Each infant with NEC was matched by BW (±100 g) to next two infants admitted in the unit without NEC. Growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 36 months are compared.Results:  In total, 51 infants with NEC and 102 controls met study eligibility criteria and 146/153 (94.3%) were prospectively followed for 36 months. Infants with NEC had more culture‐proven sepsis (35.3% vs. 10.8%, P < 0.001); patent ductus arteriosus requiring therapy (64.7% vs. 45%, P = 0.02), chronic lung disease (60.7% vs. 45%, P = 0.04) and longer hospital stay (84 days vs. 71 days, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in growth outcomes between the two groups at 36 months. Overall 24% of infants with NEC had one major neurodevelopmental disability compared with 10% among control infants. Infants who developed NEC had significantly higher cognitive delay (i.e. cognitive index <70) and visual impairment. A logistic regression model identified NEC as a predictor of cognitive delay.Conclusion:  Preterm infants who develop NEC are at a significantly higher risk for developing neurodevelopmental disability. We recommend close neurodevelopmental follow up for all ≤1250 g infants who develop stage II or III NEC.
Rotavirus and other enteropathogens in childhood acute diarrhoea: A study of two centres in Malaysia
Authors: Lee Way S , Rajasekaran Ganeswrie , Pee Susan , Karunakaran Rina , Hassan Hamimah H , Puthucheary Savithri D 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  To study the role of rotavirus in children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in two urban hospitals in Malaysia.Methods:  A 12‐month prospective study (January to December 2002), in children younger than 14 years with AGE hospitalised to the paediatric units of University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur; and Hospital Sultanah Aminah (HSA), Johor Bahru, Malaysia was conducted.Results:  In 2002, 399 and 1307 children with AGE were admitted to UMMC and HSA, respectively. Two hundred and eighty‐eight (72%) stool samples from UMMC and 901 (69%) samples from HSA were analysed. Rotavirus was the most common aetiological agent identified in both centres (average 32%; UMMC 35%, HSA 30%, P = 0.94). The peak age group for rotavirus‐related hospitalisation was 24–35 months for UMMC and 12–23 months for HSA. Nine percent of patients hospitalised for rotavirus infection in UMMC and 22% of patients in HSA were older than 5 years of age. An outbreak of rotavirus infection within the communities served by both centres resulting in an increase in hospital admissions of rotavirus gastroenteritis was observed in both units from January to March 2002.Conclusion:  The peak age group for rotavirus‐related hospital admission in this study was much older, between 12 to 35 months. It is uncertain whether this was related to the outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis observed within two urban areas from January to March 2002 causing re‐infection with rotavirus in older children.
Use of the Internet by parents of paediatric patients
Authors: Wainstein Brynn K , Sterling‐Levis Katy , Baker Sally A , Taitz Jonathan , Brydon Michael 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  We aimed to determine the rate of Internet use for obtaining medical information by health‐care patients at a tertiary paediatric hospital, whether the Internet may influence patients’ attitudes to health‐care services and health‐care providers and whether patients would prefer the assistance of a professional informatics officer.Methods:  An anonymous questionnaire randomly distributed to 450 subjects at Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia.Results:  A total of 294 (65%) questionnaires were returned. Overall Internet use for medical information was 64% (189/294). Most (97%; 183/189) respondents reported ‘wanting to know more’ as the reason they sought information on the Internet. Eighty‐eight per cent (167/189) of respondents reported that they trust their doctor more than the Internet. Twenty‐one per cent (39/189) had presented their doctor with information about which he/she was unaware and 18% (34/189) had altered a health‐care decision because of information found on the Internet. The Internet had influenced questions asked of doctors in 83% (156/189). Eighty‐six per cent (252/294) of all respondents were in favour of professional assistance to obtain medical information.Conclusion:  A large number of patients use the Internet to find information that influences their attitudes to health care. The services of a medical informatics professional would likely benefit both patients and doctors.
Parental attitudes to the identification of their infants as carriers of cystic fibrosis by newborn screening
Authors: Lewis Sharon , Curnow Lisette , Ross Margaret , Massie John 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  To investigate parental attitudes to cystic fibrosis (CF) carrier detection of their infant by newborn screening (NBS).Methods:  Data were collected from a postal questionnaire sent to parents of infants identified as CF carriers by NBS in 1996–1997 (inclusive) and 2001 in Victoria, Australia (n = 66).Results:  Almost all parents remembered their child being identified as a CF carrier (97%: 1996/1997; 100%: 2001); yet the majority were unaware at the time that NBS could detect carriers (70%: 1996/1997; 49%: 2001). More parents in the later cohort reported having carrier testing compared with the earlier cohort (85% and 53% respectively) but recall was more uncertain in the earlier cohort when validated against health records. Cascade testing was not utilised frequently by other family members in either cohort. Residual risk of being a carrier if testing was negative was not well understood by parents. Some parents (28%: 1996/1997; 18%: 2001) had residual anxiety about the current health of their charrier child and their future reproductive decision making. Most parents were satisfied with the information provided to them at the time of the sweat test. Few differences were seen between the cohorts.Conclusion:  Although the NBS process for CF in Victoria is working efficiently for the majority of families whose infant is identified as a carrier there are areas that can be improved. We recommend that greater attention should be given to informing parents that a consequence of NBS is CF carrier detection and strategies to improve utilisation of cascade testing should be developed.
Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine and use among children in South Australia
Authors: Smith Caroline , Eckert Kerena 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  To determine the use of complementary and alternative medicines and therapies (CAM) and common treatment modalities in children.Methods:  This is a cross‐sectional, population‐based survey of 2985 adult and 911 children aged 15 years or less, conducted in South Australia in Spring 2004. The outcome measures are CAM use in children in the previous 12 months.Results:  Overall, the 12‐month prevalence of CAM use in children was 18.4% (95% confidence interval 15.9–21.0). A wide variety of CAM modalities were used by children including ingestible therapies (33%), chiropractic (34%) and massage (20%). Common reasons for use of CAM were to prevent illness or to maintain health (39%) and for musculoskeletal conditions (22%), respiratory problems (20%) and skin complaints (18%). There was little difference in the use of CAM treatment modality across child ages.Conclusion:  Approximately one in five children used CAM in the past 12 months in South Australia. Our findings further highlight the importance of increasing public awareness about the need to inform doctors and primary health‐care providers of CAM use in children. Health professionals working with children should ask parents about their children’s use of CAM. There is a need for further research examining the safe and judicious use of CAM in children.
Low serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese subjects with normal serum triglycerides: the role of insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Mooradian A. D. , Albert S. G. , Haas M. J. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  The cause of obesity‐related low HDLc in the absence of hypertriglyceridemia is not known.Subjects & methods:  A total of 32 subjects with a body mass index (BMI)(kg/m2) greater than 30 and normal serum triglycerides (<150 mg/dl) were identified.Results:  People with low HDLc (n = 16) compared to those with normal HDLc (n = 16) had higher BMI (37.53 ± 4.54 vs. 33.99 ± 3.65 kg/m2, p < 0.021), higher body fat weight (42.59 ± 9.51 vs. 34.76 ± 8.7 kg, p < 0.023), and higher insulin resistance index (3.75 ± 2.51 vs. 1.95 ± 1.10, p < 0.013). Seven subjects with low HDLc and none of those with normal HDLc, had elevated serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and/or interleukin‐6 (p < 0.010).Conclusions:  Low HDLc levels can occur in obesity independently of elevated serum triglycerides and may be secondary to elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.
Genetic variation and decreased risk for obesity in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Hart Sailors M. L. , Folsom A. R. , Ballantyne C. M. , Hoelscher D. M. , Jackson A. S. , Linda Kao W. H. , Pankow J. S. , Bray M. S. 
Published: August 2006

Aim:  To investigate the effects of variation in the leptin [LEP (19A>G)] and melanocortin‐4 receptor [MC4R (V103I)] genes on obesity‐related traits in 13 405 African‐American (AA) and white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.Methods:  We tested the association between the single‐locus and multilocus genotypes and obesity‐related measures [body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), waist–hip ratio, waist circumference and leptin levels], adjusted for age, physical activity level, smoking status, diabetic status, prevalence of coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke or transient ischaemic attack.Results:  AA and white female carriers of the MC4R I103 allele exhibited significantly lower BW than non‐carriers of this allele (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). AA female carriers of both the LEP A19 allele and the MC4R I103 allele were 63% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.18–0.78)] less likely to be obese, and white female carriers of the same two alleles were 46% [OR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.32–0.91)] less likely to be obese, than non‐carriers of the variant alleles. Female carriers of both the LEP A19 and MC4R I103 alleles had significantly lower BW (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.05) and plasma leptin (p < 0.01) than the non‐carriers of both the alleles. Carriers of the two variant alleles had lower BMI over the 9‐year course of the ARIC study and significantly lower weight gain from age 25 years. No significant joint effect of these two variants was observed in males.Conclusion:  These results suggest that variation within the LEP and MC4R genes is associated with reduced risk for obesity in females.
Improvement of insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function by nateglinide and repaglinide in type 2 diabetic patients – a randomized controlled double‐blind and double‐dummy multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Li J. , Tian H. , Li Q. , Wang N. , Wu T. , Liu Y. , Ni Z. , Yu H. , Liang J. , Luo R. , Li Y. , Huang L. 
Published: August 2006

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of nateglinide vs. repaglinide in blood glucose (BG) control and the effect on insulin resistance and β‐Cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A randomized controlled double‐blind and double‐dummy multicentre clinical trial was conducted. A total of 230 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in five clinical centres. The patients were divided randomly into group A [repaglinide 1.0 mg three times daily (t.i.d.), n = 115] or group B (nateglinide 90 mg t.i.d., n = 115). At baseline and end of the 12‐week clinical trial, standard mixed meal tolerance tests were performed.Results: A total of 223 patients (96.9%) completed the trial. There was no significant difference between repaglinide and nateglinide groups in the effects of reducing fasting blood glucose (FBG), 30‐, 60‐ and 120‐min BG during 12 weeks (p > 0.05). At week 12, no significant difference was shown between the two groups in BG or haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) (p > 0.05). However, the effect on HbA1cin repaglinide group was stronger than that in nateglinide group (p < 0.05). After 12‐week treatment, area under the curve (AUC) of BG decreased (p < 0.05), and AUC of insulin and C‐peptide (CP) increased in both groups (p < 0.05). The effects of nateglinide on AUC of BG, insulin and CP were similar to that of repaglinide (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in AUC of BG, insulin or CP in week 12 (p > 0.05). Furthermore, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and β‐cell function indexes measured by HOMA‐β, ΔI30/ΔG30and (ΔI30/ΔG30)/HOMA‐IR were improved significantly in both groups during 12 weeks (p < 0.05). The effects of improving HOMA‐IR and β‐cell function indexes in nateglinide group were comparable with that of repaglinide group (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The efficacy of repaglinide and nateglinide in FBG, postprandial glucose excursion and early‐phase insulin secretion is similar. But the effect of repaglinide 1.0 mg t.i.d. on HbA1cis stronger than that of nateglinide 90 mg t.i.d.. This trial had shown that nateglinide and repaglinide could comparably improve insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function.
The implications of anthropometric, inflammatory and glycaemic control indices in the epidemiology of the metabolic syndrome given by different definitions: a classification analysis
Authors: Panagiotakos D. B. , Pitsavos C. , Das U. N. , Skoumas Y. , Stefanadis C. 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Individuals with the metabolic syndrome (MS) are at high risk for coronary heart disease. In this study, we evaluated the levels of inflammatory, lipidaemic and glycaemic control markers in subjects with and without MS, as given by different definitions.Methods:  During 2001–2002, we randomly enrolled 1514 men (18–87 years old) and 1528 women (18–89 years old), without any clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease, from the Attica area, Greece. Among several variables, we also measured inflammatory markers, total antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin levels and various lipids. MS was defined according to either the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP) III criteria or the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Epidemiology Task Force group. In all the analyses, subjects with diabetes were excluded.Results:  The prevalence of the MS was 17.9% according to the NCEP definition and 48.9% according to the IDF definition (p < 0.001). The prevalence of MS was higher in men compared with women according to both definitions (p for gender differences <0.001). Moreover, 3.9% of the total study sample fulfilled only the NCEP criteria, but not the IDF, while 38.6% fulfilled only the IDF criteria. Subjects who were defined as having MS using the IDF criteria were younger, had higher body mass index, C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, tumour necrosis factor‐α levels, total antioxidant capacity and lower glucose and insulin levels.Conclusions:  Prevalence of the MS is very high among Greek adults when the IDF definition is used, while it is still considerable when we adopt the NCEP criteria. It is evident that subjects who fulfilled the IDF criteria showed increased levels of inflammatory markers compared with those who fulfilled the NCEP ATP III criteria.
The prevalence of co‐morbid depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ali S. , Stone M. A. , Peters J. L. , Davies M. J. , Khunti K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAim  To conduct a systematic literature review in order to estimate the prevalence and odds ratio of clinically relevant depression in adults with Type 2 diabetes compared with those without.Methods  medline, embase and psycinfo databases were searched using MeSH terms and free text to identify relevant controlled studies. Published reference lists were also examined. Study selection and appraisal were conducted independently by two reviewers and a meta‐analysis was performed to synthesize and analyse the data.Results  Ten controlled studies including a total of 51 331 people were published between January 1980 and May 2005. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with those without [17.6 vs. 9.8%, OR = 1.6, 95%, confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.0]. However, in most studies, patients with diabetes differed from those without on variables known to be associated with an increased risk of depression. The prevalence of depression was higher in females with diabetes (23.8%) compared with males (12.8%); however, the odds ratio for depression in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with those without was higher in males (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.7–2.1) than females (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4). Failure to report potential confounders prevented a more rigorous meta‐analysis of risk.Conclusion  We identified raised rates of depression in people with Type 2 diabetes, however, there is a need for well‐controlled and better‐reported studies to inform the development of effective treatments for depression in these patients.
Genetic influences of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) gene polymorphisms in development of Type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Ma J. , Möllsten A. , Prázny M. , Falhammar H. , Brismar K. , Dahlquist G. , Efendic S. , Gu H. F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAim  The intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) gene is located on chromosome 19p13, which is linked to Type 1 diabetes (T1D). ICAM‐1 expression is related to development of T1D and diabetic nephropathy. The present study aims to evaluate the genetic influence of ICAM‐1 gene polymorphisms on the development of T1D and diabetic nephropathy.Methods  Five valid single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 432 T1D patients (196 patients had diabetic nephropathy) and 187 non‐diabetic control subjects by using dynamic allele‐specific hybridization (DASH) and pyrosequencing.Results  SNPs rs281432(C/G) and rs5498 E469K(A/G) had high heterozygous indexes. They were significantly associated with T1D [P = 0.026, OR = 1.644 (95% CI 1.138–2.376) and P < 0.001, OR = 2.456 (1.588–3.8)]. Frequencies of the C allele in SNP rs281432(C/G) and the A allele in SNP rs5498 E469K(A/G) increased stepwise from non‐diabetic control subjects to T1D patients without diabetic nephropathy and T1D patients with diabetic nephropathy. Further analysis for these two SNPs indicated that T1D patients had increased frequency of the common haplotype C‐A, in comparison with non‐diabetic control subjects (38.1 vs. 32.1%, P = 0.035).Conclusion  The present study provided evidence that SNPs rs281432(C/G) and rs5498 E469K(A/G) in the ICAM‐1 gene confer susceptibility to the development of T1D and might also be associated with diabetic nephropathy in Swedish Caucasians.