bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host Immune Status and Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Subjects Infected with Hepatitis C Virus: A Nested Case-Control Study in Japan
Authors: Suruki Robert Y. , Mueller Nancy , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Harn Donald , DeGruttola Victor , Raker Christina A. , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Stuver Sherri O. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
A nested case-control study was conducted to examine the association between host immune status, as characterized by serum immune marker levels, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 8 years later in persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cases (n = 39) and matched controls (n = 117) were selected from participants of the Town C HCV Study in Japan between 1996 and 2004 and matched on age at first available sample (±1 year), gender, and length of follow-up. Separate analyses were done for each of three serum immune markers: soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor II (sTNF-R2) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), as indicators of type 1, cell-mediated immune response, and soluble CD30 (sCD30), as an indicator of type 2, humoral immune response. The median concentrations of sTNF-R2, sICAM-1, and sCD30 among controls were 3,170 pg/mL, 305 ng/mL, and 3.0 units/mL, respectively, and were higher among cases (3,870 pg/mL, 372 ng/mL, and 3.3 units/mL, respectively). The risk of developing HCC among subjects with immune marker concentrations above the median levels of the controls was &gt;2-fold greater than among subjects with lower concentrations for all three markers [sTNF-R2: odds ratio (OR), 6.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.4-20.5; sICAM-1: OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.9-4.1; and sCD30: OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.7]. Simultaneous adjustment for all three markers revealed only sTNF-R2 to be associated with HCC risk (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.0-20.6). Adjustment for alcohol consumption and HCV serotype did not materially alter these associations. Results from this prospective, community-based study suggest that a dysregulation in both type 1–related and type 2–related host immunity contributes to the development of HCV-associated HCC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2521–5)
Birthweight and Body Size throughout Life in Relation to Sex Hormones and Prolactin Concentrations in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Tworoger Shelley S. , Eliassen A. Heather , Missmer Stacey A. , Baer Heather , Rich-Edwards Janet , Michels Karin B. , Barbieri Robert L. , Dowsett Mitch , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The association of birthweight and body size throughout life with premenopausal breast cancer risk may be due, in part, to relationships with sex hormones. Therefore, we assessed whether birthweight, body shape at ages 5 and 10, body mass index (BMI) at age 18 and adulthood, adult waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and attained height were associated with the plasma concentrations of estrogens, androgens, progesterone, prolactin, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) in 592 premenopausal women, ages 33 to 52 years old, from the Nurses' Health Study II. About 85% of women provided blood samples during follicular and luteal menstrual phases; other women had a single untimed sample. We observed few associations between sex hormone levels and birthweight or body shape in childhood. However, adult BMI was inversely associated with SHBG (P trend &lt; 0.001) and positively associated with free testosterone (P trend &lt; 0.001) concentrations. Adult BMI was not associated with follicular or luteal free estradiol levels (P trend ≥ 0.15) because it was inversely associated with total estradiol levels (P trend &lt; 0.001 for follicular and luteal estradiol levels). Testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone were inversely associated with BMI. Comparing women with a BMI of ≥30 versus &lt;20 kg/m2, levels were higher by 53% for free testosterone and lower by 51% for SHBG, 39% for follicular estradiol, 20% for luteal estradiol, 14% for androstenedione, 13% for testosterone, and 20% for progesterone. We observed no clear associations between BMI at age 18, waist circumference, WHR, or height, and sex hormone concentrations. Our results suggest that effects on premenopausal sex hormone levels may be one mechanism through which adult adiposity, but not birthweight or childhood body size, affects premenopausal breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(12):2494–501)
Variation of Surface Air Temperature in Complex Terrain
Authors: Mahrt L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractData from three micronetworks with eddy correlation data and three additional micronetworks without eddy correlation data are analyzed to study the spatial variability of surface air temperature in complex terrain. A simple similarity relationship is constructed to relate the spatial variation of air temperature along the slope to the thermal forcing and mixing. Mixing is not included in present empirical formulations of the surface air temperature distribution in complex terrain. The development of surface temperature gradients along the slope, resulting from surface heating or cooling, is bounded by a maximum (or saturated) value, where a further increase of temperature gradients is restricted by redistribution of heat by thermally driven slope circulations. Although much of the spatial variation of the surface air temperature is governed by complex three-dimensionality and surface vegetation, a relatively simple relationship is able to account for much of the diurnal and day-to-day variation of the spatial distribution of air temperature. This relationship requires information on the surface heat flux and friction velocity over a reference surface. Required generalizations of the relationship are outlined before it can be applied to an arbitrary site.
MathDAMP: a package for differential analysis of metabolite profiles
Authors: Baran Richard , Kochi Hayataro , Saito Natsumi , Suematsu Makoto , Soga Tomoyoshi , Nishioka Takaaki , Robert Martin , Tomita Masaru 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
With the advent of metabolomics as a powerful tool for both functional and biomarker discovery, the identification of specific differences between complex metabolite profiles is becoming a major challenge in the data analysis pipeline. The task remains difficult, given the datasets' size, complexity, and common shifts in migration (elution/retention) times between samples analyzed by hyphenated mass spectrometry methods.

Results
We present a Mathematica (Wolfram Research, Inc.) package MathDAMP (Mathematica package for Differential Analysis of Metabolite Profiles), which highlights differences between raw datasets acquired by hyphenated mass spectrometry methods by applying arithmetic operations to all corresponding signal intensities on a datapoint-by-datapoint basis. Peak identification and integration is thus bypassed and the results are displayed graphically.
To facilitate direct comparisons, the raw datasets are automatically preprocessed and normalized in terms of both migration times and signal intensities. A combination of dynamic programming and global optimization is used for the alignment of the datasets along the migration time dimension.
The processed datasets and the results of direct comparisons between them are visualized using density plots (axes represent migration time and m/z values while peaks appear as color-coded spots) providing an intuitive overall view. Various forms of comparisons and statistical tests can be applied to highlight subtle differences. Overlaid electropherograms (chromatograms) corresponding to the vicinities of the candidate differences from any result may be generated in a descending order of significance for visual confirmation. Additionally, a standard library table (a list of m/z values and migration times for known compounds) may be aligned and overlaid on the plots to allow easier identification of metabolites.

Conclusion
Our tool facilitates the visualization and identification of differences between complex metabolite profiles according to various criteria in an automated fashion and is useful for data-driven discovery of biomarkers and functional genomics.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations in preneoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract: A biomarker for the early detection of cancer
Authors: Sui Guoping , Zhou Shaoyu , Wang Jean , Canto Marcia , Lee Edward E , Eshleman James R , Montgomery Elizabeth A , Sidransky David , Califano Joseph A , Maitra Anirban 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are common in many human cancers. We have described an oligonucleotide microarray ("MitoChip") for rapid sequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome (Zhou et al, J Mol Diagn 2006), facilitating the analysis of mtDNA mutations in preneoplastic lesions. We examined 14 precancerous lesions, including seven Barrett esophagus biopsies, with or without associated dysplasia; four colorectal adenomas; and three inflammatory colitis-associated dysplasia specimens. In all cases, matched normal tissues from the corresponding site were obtained as germline control. MitoChip analysis was performed on DNA obtained from cryostat-embedded specimens.

Results
A total of 513,639 bases of mtDNA were sequenced in the 14 samples, with 490,224 bases (95.4%) bases assigned by the automated genotyping software. All preneoplastic lesions examined demonstrated at least one somatic mtDNA sequence alteration. Of the 100 somatic mtDNA alterations observed in the 14 cases, 27 were non-synonymous coding region mutations (i.e., resulting in an amino acid change), 36 were synonymous, and 37 involved non-coding mtDNA. Overall, somatic alterations most commonly involved the COI, ND4 and ND5 genes. Notably, somatic mtDNA alterations were observed in preneoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract even in the absence of histopathologic evidence of dysplasia, suggesting that the mitochondrial genome is susceptible at the earliest stages of multistep cancer progression.

Conclusion
Our findings further substantiate the rationale for exploring the mitochondrial genome as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of cancer, and confirm the utility of a high-throughput array-based platform for this purpose from a clinical applicability standpoint.
Cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery: the role of transcranial Doppler – a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Polito Angelo , Ricci Zaccaria , Di Chiara Luca , Giorni Chiara , Iacoella Claudia , Sanders Stephen P , Picardo Sergio 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD) is a sensitive, real time tool for monitoring cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV). This technique is fast, accurate, reproducible and noninvasive. In the setting of congenital heart surgery, TCD finds application in the evaluation of cerebral blood flow variations during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Methodology
We performed a search on human studies published on the MEDLINE using the keyword "trans cranial Doppler" crossed with "pediatric cardiac surgery" AND "cardio pulmonary by pass", OR deep hypothermic cardiac arrest", OR "neurological monitoring".

Discussion
Current scientific evidence suggests a good correlation between changes in cbral blood flow and mean cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocity. The introduction of Doppler technology has allowed an accurate monitorization of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during circulatory arrest and low-flow CPB. TCD has also been utilized in detecting cerebral emboli, improper cannulation or cross clamping of aortic arch vessels. Limitations of TCD routine utilization are represented by the need of a learning curve and some experience by the operators, as well as the need of implementing CBF informations with, for example, data on brain tissue oxygen delivery and consumption.

Conclusion
In this light, TCD plays an essential role in multimodal neurological monitorization during CPB (Near Infrared Spectroscopy, TCD, processed electro encephalography) that, according to recent studies, can help to significantly improve neurological outcome after cardiac surgery in neonates and pediatric patients.
Up-regulation of human monocyte CD163 upon activation of cell-surface Toll-like receptors
Authors: Weaver Lehn K , Pioli Patricia A , Wardwell Kathleen , Vogel Stefanie N , Guyre Paul M 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe hemoglobin (Hb) scavenger receptor, CD163, is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is expressed exclusively on monocytes and macrophages. It binds and internalizes haptoglobin-Hb complexes and has been implicated in the resolution of inflammation. Furthermore, the regulation of CD163 during an innate immune response implies an important role for this molecule in the host defense against infection. LPS, derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, activates TLR4 to cause acute shedding of CD163 from human monocytes, followed by recovery and induction of surface CD163 to higher levels than observed on untreated monocytes. We now report that the TLR2 and TLR5 agonists—Pam3Cys and bacterial flagellin—have similar effects on CD163 surface expression. Up-regulation of CD163 following treatment of human PBMC with TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 agonists parallels increased production of IL-6 and IL-10, and neutralization of IL-6 and/or IL-10 blocks CD163 up-regulation. Furthermore, simultaneous stimulation of TLR2 or TLR5 in combination with TLR4 activation results in enhanced up-regulation of CD163. It is notable that exogenous recombinant IFN-γ (rIFN-γ) suppresses cell-surface, TLR-mediated IL-10 production as well as CD163 up-regulation. Sustained down-regulation of CD163 mediated by rIFN-γ can be partially rescued with exogenous rIL-10 but not with exogenous rIL-6. This divergent regulation of CD163 by cytokines demonstrates that human monocytes react differently to infectious signals depending on the cytokine milieu they encounter. Thus, surface CD163 expression on mononuclear phagocytes is a carefully regulated component of the innate immune response to infection.
Decoding Strategies Used by Chinese Primary School Children
Authors: Pine Nancy , Ping'an Huang , Ren Song Huang 
Published: December 2006

This study explored the ways Chinese children remember and decode characters. Thirty primary school children in two cities in China reported how they recognized and remembered individual characters. Of the ten strategy categories identified from the children's responses, three that analyzed character structure dominated. These three categories, as well as several others, emphasized visual processing rather than phonetic processing and suggest emphasis on visual perception. The first-, second-, and third-grade children readily divided characters into structural components and individual strokes. The study concludes that learning written Chinese engaged these children in using semiotic systems unique to their written code and distinct from those usually emphasized in English literacy learning. Interviewer: Is [the character] right or not? Child: No. Interviewer: How do you know that? Child: Because the end part of it shouldn't be this horizontal bar, but four dots. First Grade Student, China
Intervention after Grade 1: Serving Increased Numbers of Struggling Readers Effectively
Authors: Brown Kathleen J. , Morris Darrell , Fields Matthew 
Published: December 2006

The present study replicated the original evaluation of the Howard Street tutoring model (Morris, Shaw, & Perney, 1990), an intervention for struggling readers in second and third grade. It also evaluated the effectiveness of supervised paraprofessionals (Title I aides) in delivering that tutorial. For an entire school year, teachers or paraprofessionals, working under the supervision of a reading specialist, tutored 40 struggling readers twice per week for 45 minutes per session. The tutored group's instruction included guided reading in leveled texts with controlled vocabulary, word study, and reading for fluency. The control group's instruction, which was provided daily in a small-group context, featured guided reading and phonics work in the classroom basal reader. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the performance of the two groups on several end-of-year reading measures. Results showed that, overall, the tutored group outperformed the control group on each of the posttest reading measures (standardized and informal). In addition, the subset of students tutored by paraprofessionals outperformed the control students. In fact, results indicated that in the structured tutoring context, paraprofessional tutors were almost as effective as certified teachers.
Novel Mutations in the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide Receptor Type 1 Causing Blomstrand Osteochondrodysplasia Types I and II
Authors: Hoogendam J. , Farih-Sips H. , Wÿnaendts L. C. , Löwik C. W. G. M. , Wit J. M. , Karperien M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractContext: The PTH/PTHrP receptor type 1 (PTHR1) has a key role in endochondral ossification, which is emphasized by diseases resulting from mutations in the PTHR1 gene. Among these diseases is Blomstrand osteochondrodysplasia (BOCD).Objective: BOCD can be divided into two types, depending on the severity of the skeletal abnormalities. The molecular basis for this heterogenic presentation is unknown.Design and Patients: We performed mutation analysis in two families with type I and in three families with the less severe form of BOCD type II.Results: In one of the type I BOCD cases, a homozygous nonsense mutation (R104X) was found, resulting in a truncated PTHR1. In the second type I BOCD case, no mutation was found. A homozygous nucleotide change (intron M4+27C&gt;T) was demonstrated in one of the type II BOCD cases creating a novel splice site. In dermal fibroblasts of the patient, this novel splice site was preferentially used, resulting in an aberrant transcript. The wild-type transcript remained, however, present, albeit at low levels. In the other two families with type II BOCD, a previously identified homozygous missense mutation (P132L) was found. Functional analysis demonstrated that the P132L mutant had low residual activity.Conclusions: In combination with data presented in literature, we conclude that type I BOCD is caused by a complete inactivation of the PTHR1, whereas low levels of residual activity due to a near complete inactivation of the PTHR1 result in the relatively milder presentation of type II BOCD.
Development of a new methodology for vehicle steering system inspection
Authors: Muñoz B , Ramírez M , Díaz V 
Published: December 2006

A vehicles steering system, which plays a fundamental role in road safety, is nowadays one of the items that are checked during the Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspection (PMVI) in all developed countries, such as the European Union or the United States of America. This kind of inspection is usually done by means of a device called a sideslip tester, along with an operator's visual inspection. Nevertheless, this method shows some serious problems, and clearly seems to need improvement. It does not take into account important parameters such as the steering geometry or vehicle weight and, moreover, it does not provide a clear rejection criteria for inspectors. The main aim of this research is to set up a new inspection methodology for a vehicle steering system in a PMVI, taking all variables that are now ignored into account, in order to avoid dangerous situations during driving and to provide the inspectors with clear and objective rejection criteria. This paper presents the implementation and design issues related to the development of the new device. Also, some experimental data will be shown in order to validate the developed procedure.
Experimental and Computational Study on the Thermochemistry of Bromoanilines
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Manuel A V , Ferreira Ana I M C L , Gomes José R B 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation of 2-, 3-, and 4-bromoaniline, 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-dibromoaniline, and 2,4,6-tribromoaniline were derived from the standard molar enthalpies of combustion, in oxygen, which yields CO2(g), N2(g), and HBr·600H2O(l), at T = 298.15 K, measured by using rotating-bomb calorimetry. The standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, or vaporization, of these compounds at T = 298.15 K were measured by using Calvet microcalorimetry, and so their standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous state were derived. The enthalpies of fusion of the solid compounds were determined by DSC. The gas-phase enthalpies of formation were also estimated by density functional theory calculations performed at the BP86/6-31+G* level. As a result it is confirmed that thermodynamic data is consistent with intramolecular N–H···Br hydrogen bonding.
Millimeter-Wave Rotational Spectrum of CF3CCD in the Ground and Excited Vibrational States v10 = 1
Authors: Motamedi Masoud , Haseli Aliakbar 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Millimeter-wave rotational spectra of the symmetric top molecule CF3CCD have been measured in its ground and excited vibrational states, v10 = 1. Analysis of the ground-state spectra gave the following rotational parameters: B0 = 2696.06753 MHz, DJ = 0.22759 kHz, DJk = 6.1748 kHz. HJk (16.1 mHz) and HkJ (−0.243 mHz) were determined for the first time. In the v10 = 1 state, l = ±1 series have been assigned and spectroscopic parameters were obtained accurately: B1 = 2701.26211 MHz, qt+(2,2) = 3.30887 MHz, Aζ = 3263.93 MHz. The off diagonal parameter rt (0.152 MHz) was determined for the first time.
Preparations, Structures, and Properties of Sulfato-Bridged Dinuclear and Tetranuclear Vanadium(III) Complexes with a Dinucleating Ligand, 2-Oxo-N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N′-diacetate
Authors: Kanamori Kan , Matsui Naoto , Takagi Kentaro , Miyashita Yoshitaro , Okamoto Ken-ichi 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
New dinuclear and tetranuclear vanadium(III) complexes with sulfato bridge(s), [{VIII(H2O)}2(μ-hpnbpda)(μ-OH)(μ-SO4)]·5.25H2O (1) and [VIII4(μ-hpnbpda)2(μ-OH)2(μ-SO4)2]·12H2O (2), where hpnbpda is an alkoxo-bridging dinucleating ligand, 2-oxo-N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N′-diacetate, were prepared, and their structures were determined by X-ray crystallography. The vanadium(III) center in 1 adopts heptacoordinate structure while that in 2 has a hexacoordinate structure. In 2, the two dinuclear vanadium(III) units bridged by the alkoxo group of hpnbpda are further linked by two hydroxo and two sulfato bridging groups, resulting in a dimer-of-dimers structure. Measurement of the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of 1 revealed that the two vanadium(III) ions are antiferromagnetically coupled with J = −5.9 cm−1 and g = 1.90.
Sulfur-Bonded 2-Methylthiopyridine (2-MeSpy) Complex of Iridium(III). Crystal Structure of [Cp*IrI2(2-MeSpy-κS)] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5)
Authors: Sekioka Yusuke , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
A reaction of [Cp*Ir(2-Spy)(N3)] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; 2-Spy = 2-pyridinethiolate) with two equivalents of methyl iodide afforded the diiodo complex bearing 2-MeSpy, [Cp*IrI2(2-MeSpy)] (3). From X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy, the S atom of 2-MeSpy is coordinated to the metal ion in the solid state. In CD2Cl2, complex 3 exhibited a dissociation equilibrium of 2-MeSpy similar to the corresponding thioanisole complex of [Cp*IrI2(MeSPh)].