bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory markers and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure among U.S. workers
Authors: Clark John D. , Wilkinson James D. , LeBlanc William G. , Dietz Noella A. , Arheart Kristopher L. , Fleming Lora E. , Lee David J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with elevated inflammatory markers in adults. The association between SHS indicated by serum cotinine and markers of inflammation has not been investigated in adult workers.MethodsUsing the subpopulation of employed participants (20 years and older) who were non‐smokers and denied home SHS exposure from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002, the association between serum cotinine and inflammatory markers (C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and white blood cells) was analyzed. Inflammatory marker values were log‐transformed and expressed as geometric means with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Serum cotinine was categorized as either no cotinine (below the detection limit), low cotinine (above the detection limit and <0.2 ng/ml), or high cotinine (≥0.2 and <15.0 ng/ml). The association between serum cotinine and inflammatory markers was analyzed using univariate and multivariate‐adjusted linear regression.ResultsGeometric mean serum cotinine was significantly higher among non‐smokers reporting SHS exposure in the workplace (0.17 vs. 0.10 ng/ml, P < 0.01). Workers exposed to low and high levels of cotinine had significantly higher homocysteine levels relative to non‐exposed workers; mean homocysteine differences remained significant in the multivariable model (i.e., 0.363 and 0.491 mg/dl increase, respectively).ConclusionExposure to SHS as measured by serum cotinine may result in increased homocysteine levels among adult workers. These results provide further evidence in support of universal workplace smoking restrictions in order to protect worker health. Further research is required to determine the adverse effects of workplace SHS exposure on cardiovascular risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:626–632, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new look at XXYY syndrome: Medical and psychological features
Authors: Tartaglia Nicole , Davis Shanlee , Hench Alison , Nimishakavi Sheela , Beauregard Renee , Reynolds Ann , Fenton Laura , Albrecht Lindsey , Ross Judith , Visootsak Jeannie , Hansen Robin , Hagerman Randi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractXXYY syndrome occurs in approximately 1:18,000–1:40,000 males. Although the physical phenotype is similar to 47,XXY (tall stature, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and infertility), XXYY is associated with additional medical problems and more significant neurodevelopmental and psychological features. We report on the results of a cross‐sectional, multi‐center study of 95 males age 1–55 with XXYY syndrome (mean age 14.9 years), describing diagnosis, physical features, medical problems, medications, and psychological features stratified by age groups. The mean age of diagnosis was 7.7 years. Developmental delays and behavioral problems were the most common primary indication for genetic testing (68.4%). Physical and facial features varied with age, although hypertelorism, clinodactyly, pes planus, and dental problems were common across all age groups. Tall stature was present in adolescents and adults, with a mean adult stature of 192.4 cm (SD 7.5; n = 22). Common medical problems included allergies and asthma (>50%), congenital heart defects (19.4%), radioulnar synostosis (17.2%), inguinal hernia and/or cryptorchidism (16.1%), and seizures (15%). Medical features in adulthood included hypogonadism (100%), DVT (18.2%), intention tremor (71%) and type II diabetes (18.2%). Brain MRI (n = 35) showed white matter abnormalities in 45.7% of patients and enlarged ventricles in 22.8%. Neurodevelopmental and psychological difficulties were a significant component of the behavioral phenotype, with developmental delays and learning disabilities universal but variable in severity. Twenty‐six percent had full‐scale IQs in the range of intellectual disability (MR), and adaptive functioning was significantly impacted with 68% with adaptive composite scores <70. Rates of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD (72.2%), autism spectrum disorders (28.3%), mood disorders (46.8%), and tic disorders (18.9%), were elevated with 55.9% on psychopharmacologic medication overall. Recommendations for evaluation and treatment are summarized. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable polymers (polybenzimidazoles)
Authors: Özaytekin İlkay , Karataş İbrahim 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this study, an alternative synthesis of polybenzimidazoles was performed with aromatic hydroxamoyl chloride. In contrast to the literature, polybenzimidazoles were obtained through the reaction of hydroxamoyl chlorides with 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine or 1,2,4,5‐tetraaminobenzene. The characterization of the polymers was performed with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, LC mass spectrometry, and differential thermogravimetry/thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, the adhesion, corrosion resistance, and conducting properties of the synthesized polymers were examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Gene cloning and expression analysis of ubiquitin derived from Musca domestica
Authors: Ren Qian , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xiao‐Fan , Wang Jin‐Xing 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUbiquitin (Ub) is a highly conserved 8‐kDa protein that was first identified as a tag for protein degradation. Recently, its role in nonproteolytic cellular processes such as DNA repair and endocytosis has also been reported. An ubiquitin‐fusion gene was cloned from Musca domestica. The complete length of this ubiquitin‐fusion gene is 531 bp, of which 471 bp is an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 156‐amino acid peptide, and 60 bp is a 3′‐untranslated region with the polyadenylation sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail. The ubiquitin‐fusion protein includes an ubiquitin monomer of 76 amino acids with a 6‐amino acid motif (LRLRGG) and 3 conserved lysine functional sites, which participate in the formation of the ubiquitin–protease complex. The ubiquitin‐fusion protein also contains an 80‐amino acid carboxyl extension protein, namely, ribosomal protein S27 with a classical zinc finger motif C‐X4‐C‐X14‐C‐X2‐C. Because of its carboxyl extension protein S27, the M. domestica ubiquitin‐fusion protein was named MubS27. It has a predicted molecular weight of 18 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 9.82. No signal peptides were predicted for the protein. Northern blot analysis revealed that MubS27 transcript level is higher at the embryo stage than that at any other developmental stages. When houseflies develop into 5‐day pupae, the Ub mRNA level is relatively low. After infection with gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria, MubS27 transcript level was upregulated. MubS27 transcript level was also regulated by heat or cold stress. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 68:89–99, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using the shape recovery method to evaluate indexing techniques
Authors: Oyarce Guillermo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractText representation, central to information processing, must be descriptive and discriminative. Although some of the many techniques to construct document representations may outperform others for certain tasks, no one is consistently better than others. Representations are still problematic. Evaluation techniques are needed to penetrate foundational questions about term behavior in representation. A study that applies the shape recovery analysis method is reported here as an evaluative tool to compare different indexing schemes. Three weight coefficients are used to rank indexing terms and are compared to the documents' full text. Two of the weight coefficients are novel and the third relies on the chi‐squared distribution. Multidimensional scaling reduces the dimensional space of the document surrogates into a two‐dimensional Cartesian space. Ten concentric circles evenly separated at 10% intervals of relevant data points starting at the centroid are used to construct a precision–recall curve. ANOVA is used for a straightforward computation of the 4 × 11 matrix of test data to see whether the four treatments yield the same P‐R result. A post hoc HSD Tukey multiple comparisons test among pairwise treatments is also used to discover homogeneous groups. The findings show the value of the methodology to study term weighting schemes, and their descriptiveness and discriminative power, as well as the potential strength of the novel coefficients introduced.
Variations of the low‐degree solar p‐mode frequencies for 10 years of GOLF observations
Authors: Grec G. , Renaud C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe experiment with a method of measuring the frequency of solar p modes, intended to extend the passband for the variations of the frequency spectrum as high as possible. So far this passband is limited to a fraction of μ Hz for the classical analysis based on numerical fits of a theoretical line profile to a power spectrum averaged over periods lasting at least several weeks. This limit for the present analysis can be shifted to the mHz range, corresponding to some of the “5 min” oscillations, but in this range we use a lower resolution which allows us to separate odd and even p modes. We show an example of the results for long term variations and apply this analysis to search for a modulation of the p‐mode frequency spectrum by asymptotic series of solar g modes. A faint signal is found in the analysis of 10 years of GOLF data. This very preliminary result possibly indicates the detection of a small number of g modes of degree l = 1. A tentative determination of an observational value of the parameter P0 follows. P0 is the scaling factor of the asymptotic series of g modes and is a key data for solar core physics. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Helioseismology program for the PICARD satellite
Authors: Corbard T. , Boumier P. , Appourchaux T. , Jiménez‐Reyes S.J. , Gelly B. , the PICARD team  
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe PICARD mission is a CNES micro‐satellite to be launched in 2009. Its goal is to better understand the Sun and the potential impact of its activity on earth climate by measuring simultaneously the solar total and spectral irradiance, diameter, shape and oscillations. We present the scientific objectives, instrumental requirements and data products of the helioseismology program of PICARD which aims to observe the low to mediumlp‐mode oscillations in intensity and search for g‐mode oscillation signatures at the limb. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Monitoring the scale factor of the PICARD SODISM instrument
Authors: Assus P. , Irbah A. , Bourget P. , Corbard T. , the PICARD team  
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe SODISM Telescope of the PICARD Space mission will perform diameter measurements by directly imaging the Sun on a CCD camera. An internal calibration system allows us to follow scale factor variations induced by instrument deformations resulting from temperature fluctuations on orbit or from others causes. We present this calibration system in this paper as well as some simulations on how to correct observations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection and temporal coherence of p‐modes below 1.4 mHz
Authors: Eff‐Darwich A. , Régulo C. , Korzennik S.G. , Hernández F. Pérez , Cortés T. Roca 
Published: May 2008

AbstractData collected recently by the helioseismic experiments aboard the SOHO spacecraft have allowed the detection of low degree p‐modes with increasingly lower order n. In particular, the GOLF experiment is currently able to unambiguously identify low degree modes with frequencies as low as 1.3 mHz. The detection of p‐modes with very low frequency (i.e., low n), is difficult due to the low signal‐to‐noise ratio in this spectral region and its contamination by solar signals that are not of acoustic origin. To address this problem without using any theoretical a priory, we propose a methodology that relies only on the inversion of observed values to define a spectral window for the expected locations of these low frequency modes. The application of this method to 2920‐day‐long GOLF observations is presented and its results discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fluorescent probes to evaluate the physiological state and activity of microbial biocatalysts: A guide for prokaryotic and eukaryotic investigation
Authors: Cao‐Hoang Lan , Marechal Pierre‐André , Lê‐Thanh Mai , Gervais Patrick , Waché Yves 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMany fluorescent techniques are employed to evaluate the viability and activity of microbial cells used in biotechnology. These techniques are sometimes complex and the interpretation of results opened to misunderstanding. Moreover, new developments are constantly proposed especially concerning a more accurate evaluation of the state of the cells including eukaryotic microorganisms. This paper aims at presenting to biotechnologists unfamiliar with fluorescence the principles of these methods and the related possible pitfalls. It focuses on probes of the physical (integrity and fluidity) and energetical (intracellular pH and membrane potential) state of the cell membrane (bacterial and yeast cells) and presents also other probes (nucleic acids, respiration...) and new technical trends. The specificities of Gram‐negative bacterial cells are also discussed.
Transcriptional profiling of phenotypically different Epo‐Fc expressing CHO clones by cross‐species microarray analysis
Authors: Trummer Evelyn , Ernst Wolfgang , Hesse Friedemann , Schriebl Kornelia , Lattenmayer Christine , Kunert Renate , Vorauer‐Uhl Karola , Katinger Hermann , Müller Dethardt 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exhibit large variabilities regarding growth, recombinant protein production and post‐translational processing during cell line development and clone selection. To accelerate the development of stable high quality cell factories, new efficient strategies for cell screening and clone selection are required. In our work, we combined phenotypic characterisation of recombinant CHO clones during early cell line development with transcription profile analysis using cross‐species microarrays. The objective was to identify genes or gene patterns that correlate with clone specific alterations in terms of productivity, sialylation capacity and stress resistance. In all high producer clones transcriptional profiling revealed a common enrichment of gene ontology categories related to protein metabolism, transcription, nucleus and nucleolus, whereas no common genes were differentially regulated in clones showing higher sialylation capacities. Furthermore, we identified predictive stress‐related marker genes that were up‐regulated in one clone without showing the corresponding phenotype at an early stage of development. Thus, we successfully applied gene expression profiling to allocate transcriptomal differences to specific phenotypes that changed during cell line development. These promising results will further increase our efforts to develop CHO specific microarrays that deliver information about the suitability of a clone candidate for industrial production.
MP2 and DFT Calculations on Circulenes and an Attempt to Prepare the Second Lowest Benzolog, [4]Circulene
Authors: Christoph Hilmar , Grunenberg Jörg , Hopf Henning , Dix Ina , Jones Peter G. , Scholtissek Martin , Maier Günther 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMP2 and DFT calculations have been carried out for [n]circulenes for n=3 to 20 in order to predict the strain energy and topology of these cyclically condensed aromatic systems. To synthesise [4]circulene (2), 1,5,7,8‐tetrakis(bromomethyl)biphenylene (14) was prepared from the corresponding tetramethyl derivative (8) and subjected to various dehalogenation reactions; all attempts to obtain [2.2]biphenylenophane (7) as a precursor for 2 by this route failed. Treatment of 14 with sodium sulfide furnished the thiaphanes 16 and 17, thermal and photochemical desulfurization of which also failed to provide 7. In a second approach [2.2]paracyclophane was converted to the pseudo‐geminal dithiol 23, which was subsequently bridged to the thiaphanes 22 and 24. On flash vacuum pyrolysis at 800 °C these were converted exclusively into phenanthrene (30). An approach to dehydrochlorinate the commercial product PARYLENE C® to the tetrahydro[4]circulene 7 led only to polymerisation. The X‐ray structures of the intermediates 8, 14, 17, 23, 24, 26, and 35 are reported.
Inverse relationship between adult hippocampal cell proliferation and synaptic rewiring in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Butz Markus , Teuchert‐Noodt Gertraud , Grafen Keren , van Ooyen Arjen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAdult neurogenesis is a key feature of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Neurogenesis is accompanied by synaptogenesis as new cells become integrated into the circuitry of the hippocampus. However, little is known to what extent the embedding of new neurons rewires the pre‐existing network. Here we investigate synaptic rewiring in the DG of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) under different rates of adult cell proliferation caused by different rearing conditions as well as juvenile methamphetamine treatment. Surprisingly, we found that an increased cell proliferation reduced the amount of synaptic rewiring. To help explain this unexpected finding, we developed a novel model of dentate network formation incorporating neurogenesis and activity‐dependent synapse formation and remodelling. In the model, we show that homeostasis of neuronal activity can account for the inverse relationship between cell proliferation and synaptic rewiring. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a pooled analysis of four randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies
Authors: Davidson Jonathan , Allgulander Christer , Pollack Mark H. , Hartford James , Erickson Janelle S. , Russell James M. , Perahia David , Wohlreich Madalaine M. , Carlson Janice , Raskin Joel 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine in elderly patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).MethodsAcute‐phase data from a subset of patients (≥65 years) with GAD were pooled from four randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials of duloxetine (3 flexible, 1 fixed dosing). Patients were treated with duloxetine 60–120 mg once daily or placebo for 9–10 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the mean baseline‐to‐endpoint change in Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) total score. Secondary measures included the HAMA psychic and somatic anxiety subscales and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsOf 1491 patients randomly assigned to treatment, 4.9% (duloxetine, n = 45; placebo, n = 28) were ≥ 65 years old. Compared with placebo‐treated patients, duloxetine‐treated patients experienced significantly greater improvements on the HAMA‐total (p = 0.029), the HAMA‐psychic anxiety factor (p = 0.034), HADS‐anxiety (p = 0.049) and ‐depression scales (p = 0.026), but not the HAMA somatic anxiety factor (p = 0.074). Nausea was reported significantly more often in duloxetine‐treated patients (30.0% vs. 7.1%, p = 0.023); duloxetine‐treated patients experienced greater weight loss (p = 0.018). More duloxetine‐treated patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event (22.2% vs. 0%; p = 0.006).ConclusionDuloxetine was effective in an elderly patient subset with GAD, although there was a high rate of discontinuations due to adverse events. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microtubule assembly dynamics: An attractive target for anticancer drugs
Authors: Singh Parminder , Rathinasamy Krishnan , Mohan Renu , Panda Dulal 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMicrotubules, composed of αβ tubulin dimers, are dynamic polymers of eukaryotic cells. They play important roles in various cellular functions including mitosis. Microtubules exhibit differential dynamic behaviors during different phases of the cell cycle. Inhibition of the microtubule assembly dynamics causes cell cycle arrest leading to apoptosis; thus, qualifying them as important drug targets for treating several diseases including cancer, neuronal, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Although several microtubule‐targeted drugs are successfully being used in cancer chemotherapy, the development of resistance against these drugs and their inherent toxicities warrant the development of new agents with improved efficacy. Several antimicrotubule agents are currently being evaluated for their possible uses in cancer chemotherapy. Benomyl, griseofulvin, and sulfonamides have been used as antifungal and antibacterial drugs. Recent reports have shown that these drugs have potent antitumor potential. These agents are shown to inhibit proliferation of different types of tumor cells and induce apoptosis by targeting microtubule assembly dynamics. However, unlike vincas and taxanes, which inhibit cancer cell proliferation in nanomolar concentration range, these agents act in micromolar range and are considered to have limited toxicities. Here, we suggest that these drugs may have a significant use in cancer chemotherapy when used in combination with other anticancer drugs. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(6): 368–375, 2008
Tumor lymphangiogenesis and melanoma metastasis
Authors: Rinderknecht Matthias , Detmar Michael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMalignant melanomas of the skin primarily metastasize to lymph nodes, and the detection of sentinel lymph node metastases serves as an important prognostic parameter. There is now compelling evidence that melanomas can induce lymphangiogenesis (growth of lymphatic vessels), mainly at the tumor–stroma interface, and that the level of tumor lymphangiogenesis is correlated with the incidence of sentinel lymph node metastases and with disease‐free survival. Thus, tumor lymphangiogenesis can serve as a novel prognostic predictor in melanoma. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐C, released by melanoma cells and by tumor‐associated macrophages, likely represents the major lymphangiogenic factor in melanoma, although other members of the VEGF family might also be involved. The recent discovery that tumors can induce a premetastatic niche, by inducing lymphatic vessel growth in sentinel lymph nodes even before metastasis, and that lymph node lymphangiogenesis enhances metastatic spread, indicates that activated lymphatic vessels represent novel targets for the detection and/or therapy of melanoma metastases. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 347–354, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.