bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of migraine in the emergency department
Authors: Hunter Gary , Téllez‐Zenteno José F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMigraine is defined as a severe, episodic, unilateral, throbbing headache accompanied by nausea, photophobia, visual symptoms, and neurological manifestations. The goal of acute migraine treatment is to ensure a prompt cessation of pain and associated symptoms and resumption of normal activity. Additional considerations include minimizing adverse effects and cost of therapy. As for all neurological patients, a careful history is the first and most critical step in diagnosis and management. For many years, NSAIDs and dihydroergotamine were the main medications used to treat migraine in the emergency setting. In 1993, sumatriptan was introduced as an effective medication to treat migraine. Since then a generation of medications mechanistically similar to sumatriptan have been introduced that show notable benefits in the treatment of migraine. Over the years, other treatments have been introduced including dexamethasone, magnesium, and metoclopramide. In this article, we review the best evidence regarding the acute treatment of migraine, describing major advances and the conventional drugs that remain as effective treatments. Drug Dev Res 68:360–368, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increasing the Lability of Polarised Phosphorus–Phosphorus Bonds
Authors: Burck Sebastian , Gudat Dietrich , Nieger Martin , Vinduš Denis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDiphosphanes with polarised P–P bonds react readily with Lewis acids like borane, gallium trichloride, or with elemental selenium, to give products arising from electrophilic attack at the more basic phosphorus atom and consecutive bond cleavage. Spectroscopic studies proved that the initial reaction with borane proceeds under preservation of the P–P bond to give a transient phosphane–borane which rearranged below ambient temperature. The results suggest that Lewis acid coordination decisively enhances the weakening of the polarised P–P bond. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
4,4,5,5‐Tetraphenyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane: A Bulky Borane for the Transition Metal Catalysed Hydroboration of Alkenes
Authors: Fritschi Claudia B. , Wernitz Sophie M. , Vogels Christopher M. , Shaver Michael P. , Decken Andreas , Bell Andrew , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract4,4,5,5‐Tetraphenyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane (HBBzpin, 3) has been prepared in high yield by the addition of H3B·SMe2 to benzopinacol. HBBzpin is a relatively stable solid that reacts with a variety of alkenes under catalytic conditions to give air‐ and chromatography‐stable organoboronate esters. Reactions of vinylarenes in the presence of catalytic amounts of [Cp*IrCl2]2 gave the corresponding terminal products selectively. Addition of HBBzpin to RhCl(PPh3)3 gave Rh(H)Cl(BzBpin)(PPh3)2 (11) as the only new rhodium‐containing product. The complex 11 has been characterized by a number of physical and analytical methods, including a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Formation and Characterization of the Cationic Gallane Derivatives [(RH2N)2GaH2]Cl (R = Me or iPr) and [{(iPrH2N)GaH2NHiPr}2GaH2]Cl
Authors: Tang Christina Y. , Cowley Andrew R. , Downs Anthony J. , Marchant Sarah , Parsons Simon 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe reaction of LiGaH4 with an excess of the hydrochloride of a primary amine RNH2 in ether solution yields in [(RH2N)2GaH2]Cl (R = Me, 1, or iPr, 2) additional examples of cationic gallane derivatives. The cation [(iPrH2N)2GaH2]+ reacts further with LiGaH4, also in ether solution, with H2 elimination and formation of the trigallium cationic derivative [{(iPrH2N)GaH2NHiPr}2GaH2]Cl, 3. Prolonged standing of [(iPrH2N)2GaH2]Cl in the presence of LiCl results in partial exchange of Ga–H by Ga–Cl bonds, with the isolation in low yield of crystals, 4, of [(iPrH2N)2GaH2]Cl in which about 7 % of the H atoms attached to Ga were replaced by Cl. All of the compounds 1–4 having been characterized crystallographically, the results are discussed in relation to the different reaction pathways open to [RNH3]Cl and LiMH4 (M = Al or Ga). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Photochemical Generation and Structure of Vinyl Radicals
Authors: Goumans Theodorus P. M. , van Alem Kaj , Lodder Gerrit 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPhotolysis of a series ofEorZstereoisomeric α‐R‐substituted bromostyrenes (R = CH3, F or CN) in methanol yieldsEand/orZstereoisomeric styrenes, which stem from the corresponding vinyl radicals. The results show that the α‐Me vinyl radical is a rapidly equilibrating, bent structure, while the α‐F vinyl radical is a stable bent species, in agreement with earlier thermal results. The α‐CN vinyl radical is assigned as a rapidly inverting bent and not a linear species from the stereochemical results as a function of temperature. Stereochemical data for the α‐C(H)=O system in diethyl ether indicate a stable bent vinyl radical as product forming species. The conclusions are supported by quantum chemical computations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The Electrocatalytic Properties of Arc‐MWCNTs and Associated ‘Carbon Onions’
Authors: Henstridge Martin C. , Shao Lidong , Wildgoose Gregory G. , Compton Richard G. , Tobias Gerard , Green Malcolm L. H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFor the first time we report on the electrochemical characteristics of nanometer sized polyhedral graphite onions dispersed amongst arc‐MWCNTs. These are formed during the electric arc discharge method of producing ultrapure MWCNTs (arc‐MWCNTs). The carbon onions are randomly dispersed amongst the arc‐MWCNTs which are produced with very little amorphous carbon deposits or other unwanted impurities and are formed as closed‐ended tubes. By comparison with commercially available open‐ended hollow‐tube multiwalled carbon nanotubes made using the chemical vapor deposition method (cvd‐MWCNTs), a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), an edge‐plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (eppg) and basal plane pyrolytic graphite (bppg) electrode, we can speculate that it is the edge‐plane‐like defect sites that are the electroactive sites responsible for the apparent ‘electrocatalysis’ seen with a wide range of analytes including: ferrocyanide, ruthenium hexaamine(III), nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NADH), epinephrine, norepinephrine, cysteine, and glutathione. The arc‐MWCNTs themselves are produced as closed‐ended tubes with very few, if any, edge‐plane‐like defect sites evident in their HRTEM characterization. Therefore we speculate that it is the carbon onions dispersed amongst the arc‐MWCNTs which have incomplete graphite shells or a rolled‐up ‘Swiss‐roll’ structures that posses the edge‐plane‐like defect sites and are responsible for the observed voltammetric responses. Carbon onions are no more or no less ‘electrocatalytic’ than open‐ended MWCNTs which in turn are no more electrocatalytic than an eppg electrode. As the carbon onions are ubiquitous in MWCNTs formed using the arc‐discharge method the authors advise that caution should be taken before assigning any electrocatalytic behavior to the MWCNTs themselves as any observed electrocatalysis likely arises from the carbon onion impurities.
Determination of Maleic Hydrazide in Potato Samples Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Dual Detection (UV‐Electrochemical)
Authors: Chicharro M. , Bermejo E. , Ongay S. , Zapardiel A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new method for the separation of a mixture of different herbicides (propham, chlorpropham, asulam, metamitron, linuron, and maleic hydrazide) using MEKC is proposed. A base‐line separation for the mixture of herbicides is achieved in less than six minutes. The detection limits obtained for all the herbicides were lower than 1.0 μM using UV detection. This separation method was used for the determination of maleic hydrazide in potato samples. If a dual (UV‐electrochemical) detection system is employed, chlorpropham can be also detected. The results obtained showed that electrochemical detection was ten folds more sensitive than UV detection for maleic hydrazide. The detection limit of the proposed method for maleic hydrazide employing electrochemical detection was 1.3 μg g−1, this value is lower than 50 μg g−1, which is the maximum residue level permitted for this plant growth regulator in potato samples. The results obtained in the work clearly demonstrate the advantage of using electrochemical detection coupled to capillary electrophoresis, using this detection the concentration limits are not compromised by miniaturization and the components required are simple and inexpensive.
Dechlorination of Pesticides by a Specific Bacterial Glutathione S‐transferase, BphKLB400: Potential for Bioremediation
Authors: McGuinness M. C. , Mazurkiewicz V. , Brennan E. , Dowling D. N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe bphK gene located in the bph operon of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 encodes a protein, BphKLB400, with significant sequence similarity to glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs). GSTs are a superfamily of enzymes involved in the detoxification of many endobiotic and xenobiotic substances. Recently, BphKLB400 was shown to catalyze the dechlorination of a number of toxic chlorinated organic compounds. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of BphKLB400 with GSTs from other bacteria that degrade polychlorinated biphenyls identified a number of highly conserved amino acids in the C‐terminal region of the protein thought to be associated with substrate specificity. Mutating the conserved amino acid at position 180 of BphKLB400 from an alanine to a proline residue resulted in an increase in GST activity of bacterial cell extracts towards a number of chlorinated organic substrates tested including commonly used pesticides. Laboratory scale plant protection experiments suggested that E. coli expressing BphKLB400 [wildtype and mutant (Ala180Pro)] could protect pea plants from the effects of chloromequat chloride. Therefore, BphKLB400, identified as having dechlorination activity towards toxic chlorinated organic compounds used in the environment, could have potential in bioremediation.
Bayesian analysis of dynamic factor models: an application to air pollution and mortality in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Sáfadi T. , Peña D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Bayesian estimation of a dynamic factor model where the factors follow a multivariate autoregressive model is presented. We derive the posterior distributions for the parameters and the factors and use Monte Carlo methods to compute them. The model is applied to study the association between air pollution and mortality in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Statistical analysis was performed through a Bayesian analysis of a dynamic factor model. The series considered were minimal temperature, relative humidity, air pollutant of PM10 and CO, mortality circulatory disease and mortality respiratory disease. We found a strong association between air pollutant (PM10), Humidity and mortality respiratory disease for the city of São Paulo. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced process monitoring for wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Yoo Chang Kyoo , Villez Kris , Van Hulle Stijn W.H. , Vanrolleghem Peter A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remain notorious for poor data quality and sensor reliability problems due to the hostile environment, missing data problems and more. Many sensors in WWTP are prone to malfunctions in harsh environments. If a WWTP contains any redundancy between sensors, monitoring methods with sensor reconstruction such as the proposed one can yield a better monitoring efficiency than without a reconstruction scheme. An enhanced robust process monitoring method combined with a sensor reconstruction scheme to tackle the sensor failure problems is proposed for biological wastewater treatment systems. The proposed method is applied to a single reactor for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process. It shows robust monitoring performance in the presence of sensor faults and produces few false alarms. Moreover, it enables us to keep the monitoring system running in the case of sensor failures. This guaranteed continuity of the monitoring scheme is a necessary development in view of real‐time applications in full‐scale WWTPs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial variation of wetlands and flux of dissolved organic carbon in boreal headwater streams
Authors: Andersson Jan‐Olov , Nyberg Lars 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate the relation between water chemistry and functional landscape elements, spatial data sets of characteristics for 68 small (0·2–1·5 km2) boreal forest catchments in western central Sweden were analysed in a geographical information system (GIS). The geographic data used were extracted from official topographic maps. Water sampled four times at different flow situations was analysed chemically. This paper focuses on one phenomenon that has an important influence on headwater quality in boreal, coniferous forest streams: generation and export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). It is known that wetland cover (bogs and fens) in the catchment is a major source of DOC. In this study, a comparison was made between a large number of headwater catchments with varying spatial locations and areas of wetlands. How this variation, together with a number of other spatial variables, influences the DOC flux in the streamwater was analysed by statistical methods. There were significant, but not strong, correlations between the total percentages of wetland area and DOC flux measured at a medium flow situation, but not at high flow. Neither were there any significant correlations between the percentage of wetland area connected to streams, nor the percentage of wetland area within a zone 50 m from the stream and the DOC flux. There were, however, correlations between catchment mean slope and the DOC flux in all but one flow situations. This study showed that, considering geographical data retrieved from official sources, the topography of a catchment better explains the variation in DOC flux than the percentage and locations of distinct wetland areas. This emphasizes the need for high‐resolution elevation models accurate enough to reveal the sources of DOC found in headwater streams. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum soluble Fas levels and prediction of response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Chaudhry Parvesh , Srinivasan Radhika , Patel Firuza D , Gopalan Sarala , Majumdar Siddhartha 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is treated mainly by platinum‐based combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy induces apoptosis in which the Fas/Fas ligand pathway is important. Serum soluble Fas (sFas) is a biomarker of this pathway and functionally inhibits Fas‐/FasL‐mediated apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the role of sFas in prediction of response to chemotherapy in EOC. Thirty‐five patients were recruited and their serum sFas levels were estimated by ELISA at 4 time points—preoperative (sFas1), postoperative (sFas2), midchemotherapy (sFas3) and at the end of chemotherapy (sFas4). The response to chemotherapy was documented clinically, radiologically and by CA‐125 levels, based on which, 2 groups were identified: primary chemosensitive (n = 24) and primary chemoresistant (n = 11). Based on the disease status at last follow‐up, 2 groups were identified: No Evidence of Disease (n = 15) and Evidence of Disease (n = 20). The primary chemoresistant tumors showed significantly higher median sFas2 levels (p = 0.033) with the sFas2/sFas1 ratio ≥1 (p = 0.001). A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model identified sFas2/sFas1 ratio as a significant factor for the prediction of response to platinum‐based chemotherapy (p = 0.011). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that at a ratio of 1.2, sFas2/sFas1 achieved a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 100% for prediction of chemotherapeutic response. sFas2/sFas1 and sFas3/sFas1 ratio was also higher in patients with evidence of disease (p = 0.018 and p = 0.028, respectively). Progression‐free survival rates in patients with sFas2/sFas1 ratio <1 exceeded those with ratio ≥1 (p = 0.004). In conclusion, serum sFas is a useful biomarker for predicting response to platinum‐based chemotherapy in EOC. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer: A nested case‐referent study
Authors: Dahlin Anna M. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Hultdin Johan , Johansson Ingegerd , Hallmans Göran , Palmqvist Richard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this nested case‐referent study, we related plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 to the risk of colorectal cancer, taking into consideration prediagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations. Subjects were 226 cases and double matched referents from the population‐based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Follow‐up times from recruitment to diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 12.7 years, with a median of 4.2 years. Plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were inversely associated with the risk of rectal cancer: univariate odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quintile 0.34 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.13–0.83), ptrend = 0.004. Risk estimates were attenuated slightly but remained statistically significant after adjustment for body mass index, current smoking, recreational and occupational physical activity, alcohol intake and prediagnostic plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations: OR 0.30 (95% CI 0.08–0.99), ptrend = 0.025. The corresponding univariate and fully adjusted odds ratios for colon cancer were 1.25 (CI 0.66–2.36), ptrend = 0.185 and 1.42 (CI 0.67–3.05), ptrend = 0.113, respectively. The observed over‐risk was attributable to left‐sided colon cancer. Interaction analyses including vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine were in line with the results for vitamin B12 alone. In conclusion, these results suggest that increasing levels of plasma vitamin B12, alone or together with other factors involved in one‐carbon metabolism, may reduce the risk of rectal cancer, whereas for colon cancer, the association appears to be less clear. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of estrogen therapy with calcium and vitamin D supplementation on colorectal cancer risk: Reanalysis of Women's Health Initiative randomized trial
Authors: Ding Eric L. , Mehta Saurabh , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlthough calcium and vitamin‐D intake were consistently shown to be inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk in several large prospective studies and protective against adenoma and cancer in multiple randomized trials, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) of calcium and low‐dose vitamin‐D supplementation trial found no overall effects on colorectal cancer. However, the previous report did not recognize an important biologic interaction with estrogen therapy. We investigated the treatment interaction of estrogen with calcium and vitamin‐D on risk of colorectal cancer via a reanalysis of primary data results from the WHI calcium and vitamin‐D supplementation trial (1,000 mg elemental calcium, 400 IU of vitamin‐D3, or placebo), reanalyzing results from women concurrently randomized to estrogen interventions and placebo. Results indicate that concurrent estrogen therapy was a strong effect modifier of calcium and vitamin‐D supplementation on colorectal cancer risk. While calcium plus vitamin‐D supplementation among women concurrently assigned to estrogen therapies suggested increased risk (Hazard Ratio = 1.50, 95% CI: 0.96–2.33), among women concurrently assigned to placebos arms of the estrogen trials, calcium plus vitamin‐D indicated suggestive benefits (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.46–1.09) (p‐for‐estrogen‐interaction = 0.018). Consistent interaction was also found by reported estrogen use (p interaction = 0.037). Results indicate contrasting effects of calcium and vitamin‐D by concurrent estrogen therapy on colorectal cancer risk. Although further clinical and mechanistic studies are warranted, the potential clinical implications of the apparent interaction of estrogen therapy with calcium and vitamin‐D supplementation should be recognized. Important biological mechanisms related to the key membrane receptor megalin and estrogen‐dependent protein calbindin are discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental anti‐angiogenesis causes upregulation of genes associated with poor survival in glioblastoma
Authors: Saidi Ahlame , Javerzat Sophie , Bellahcène Akeila , De Vos John , Bello Lorenzo , Castronovo Vincent , Deprez Manuel , Loiseau Hugues , Bikfalvi Andreas , Hagedorn Martin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are the most promising anti‐angiogenic agents used increasingly in the clinic. However, to be efficient, anti‐VEGF agents need to be associated with classic chemotherapy. Exploring gene regulation in tumor cells during anti‐angiogenesis might help to comprehend the molecular basis of response to treatment. To generate a defined anti‐angiogenic condition in vivo, we transfected human glioma cells with short‐interfering RNAs against VEGF‐A and implanted them on the chick chorio‐allantoic membrane. Gene regulation in avascular tumors was studied using human Affymetrix™ GeneChips. Potentially important genes were further studied in glioma patients. Despite strong VEGF inhibition, we observed recurrent formation of small, avascular tumors. CHI3L2, IL1B, PI3/elafin and CHI3L1, which encodes for YKL‐40, a putative prognosticator for various diseases, including cancer, were strongly up‐regulated in avascular glioma. In glioblastoma patients, these genes showed coregulation and their expression differed significantly from low‐grade glioma. Importantly, high levels of CHI3L1 (p = 0.036) and PI3/elafin mRNA (p = 0.0004) were significantly correlated with poor survival. Cox regression analysis further confirmed that PI3 and CHI3L1 levels are survival markers independent from patient age and sex. Elafin‐positive tumor cells were only found in glioblastoma, where they were clustered around necrotic areas. PI3/elafin is strongly induced by serum deprivation and hypoxia in U87 glioma cells in vitro. Our results indicate that anti‐angiogenesis in experimental glioma drives expression of critical genes which relate to disease aggressiveness in glioblastoma patients. In particular, CHI3L1 and PI3/elafin may be useful as new prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.