bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial regulation of α6 integrin expression during the development of the cochlear‐vestibular ganglion
Authors: Davies Dawn 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe neurons of the cochlear‐vestibular ganglion (CVG) that innervate the sensory hair cells of the inner ear are derived from the otic epithelium early in development. Neuroblasts detach from neighboring cells, migrate into the mesenchyme where they coalesce to form the ganglion complex, then send processes back into the epithelium. Cell migration and neuronal process formation involve changes in cellular interactions with other cells and proteins in the extracellular matrix that are orchestrated by cell surface‐expressed adhesion molecules, including the integrins. I studied the expression pattern of the α6 integrin subunit during the early development of the CVG using immunohistochemistry and reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in murine tissue sections, otocyst, and ganglion explants. At embryonic day (E)10.5 α6 integrin was expressed in the otic epithelium but not in migrating neuroblasts. Importantly, the loss of α6 was associated with exit from the epithelium, not neuronal determination, revealing differentiation cues acutely associated with the cellular environment. Markers of glial and neuronal phenotype showed that α6‐expressing cells present in the CVG at this stage were glia of neural crest origin. By E12.5 α6 expression in the ganglion increased alongside the elaboration of neuronal processes. Immunohistochemistry applied to otocyst cultures in the absence of glia revealed that neuronal processes remained α6‐negative at this developmental stage and confirmed that α6 was expressed by closely apposed glia. The spatiotemporal modulation of α6 expression suggests changing roles for this integrin during the early development of inner ear innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:673–682, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrete shock profiles for systems of conservation laws
Authors: Majda Andrew , Ralston James 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe existence of discrete shock profiles for difference schemes approximating a system of conservation laws is the major topic studied in this paper. The basic theorem established here applies to first‐order accurate difference schemes; for weak shocks, this theorem provides necessary and sufficient conditions involving the truncation error of the linearized scheme which guarantee entropy satisfying or entropy violating discrete shock profiles. Several explicit difference schemes are used as examples illustrating the interplay between the entropy condition, monotonicity, and linearized stability. Entropy violating stationary shocks for second‐order accurate Lax‐Wendroff schemes approximating systems are also constructed. The only tools used in the proofs are local analysis and the center manifold theorem.
Circuit modelling of coupling between nanosystems and microwave coplanar waveguides
Authors: Csaba György , Màtyàs Alpàr , Peretti Federico , Lugli Paolo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractExploiting the coupling between microwave waveguides and nanosystems is emerging as a new, powerful method of probing nanoscale devices. Such ‘on‐chip spectroscopy’ was already demonstrated on superconducting quantum circuits (qubits) and nanoscale magnets. In this paper, we present an equivalent‐circuit approach for the simulation and design of the coupled system. The waveguide structure is modelled by finite‐element method and a ‘modes to nodes’ conversion yields to the circuit representation of the electromagnetic field problem. The nanosystem dynamics is modelled by equivalent circuits which are derived from the Landau–Lifshitz equations for nanomagnetic systems and by the Bloch equations for simple two‐state quantum–mechanical problems. Interconnection of the two ‘circuit modules’ gives the model of the entire measurement set‐up in a semiclassical approximation. Such ‘field coupling’ between nanosystems and microwave resonators can provide a novel, practical way for accessing nanoelectronic information processing devices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential responses to the application of exogenous NT‐3 are observed for subpopulations of motor and sensory neurons depending on the presence of skeletal muscle
Authors: Angka Heather E. , Kablar Boris 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe examined the effects of a single injection of exogenous NT‐3, administered at embryonic day (E) 13.5, on the survival of two populations of motor neurons and two populations of sensory neurons. Both wild‐type and double knockout, Myf5−/−:MyoD−/−, mutant embryos were examined to determine the effects of the aforementioned neurotrophin on motor and sensory neuron survival in the presence and absence, respectively, of skeletal muscle. We found that, although NT‐3 rescues select populations of motor neurons in the absence of muscles, there is a lack of increase in neuron survival when skeletal muscle is present. Additionally, NT‐3 was found to rescue a select population of proprioceptive sensory neurons in the absence of target tissue, while, at times, exacerbating neuron cell death when target tissues are present. Lastly, we found that neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem show both a regional and functional specificity in their response to the administration of NT‐3 in utero. Our results indicate the possibility that different pathways are involved in the survival of neurons during naturally occurring programmed cell death and during excessively occurring programmed cell death. Developmental Dynamics 236:1193–1202, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Harmonic analysis of the output voltage of a third‐harmonic‐injected inverter for LSM drives
Authors: Shigeeda Hidenori , Okui Akinobu , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe superconducting magnetic leviation railway system (MAGLEV) under development in Japan uses pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) inverter for driving a linear synchronous motor (LSM). The inverter output voltage contains nonnegligible harmonics which cause harmonic resonances in the LSM system, and therefore harmonics of the output voltage have been analyzed in order to control such harmonic resonances.This paper applies a third‐harmonic injection method to the inverter for the purpose of enhancing the output voltage without changing the circuit configuration. It performs harmonic analysis of the output voltage of the inverter based on the third‐harmonic injection. Validity of the harmonic analysis is verified by computer simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 71–78, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).
Development of Cockcroft–Walton‐type high‐voltage DC generator with RF air‐core transformer
Authors: Matsubara Yoshio , Onishi Kazuhiko , Muraoka Takashi , Sugita Michinobu , Kurisawa Hideaki , Akita Keizo , Hamano Masaru , Nakazato Hiroshi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new Cockcroft–Walton (CW)‐type high‐voltage DC generator with RF air‐core transformer used as a step‐up transformer has been developed. The design concept of the air‐core transformer is shown, which is operated on the resonance condition between the inductance of the secondary coil and the stray capacitance of CW circuit with the conical‐type coil structure.Adapting the RF air‐core transformer to CW circuit with DC‐300 kV 100 mA, excellent performances have been demonstrated. In the new CW circuit, it results in downsizing of capacitors to operate at higher frequency than conventional ones, and reduction of the volume by approximately 40% has been shown in the typical DC generator with 1 MV 100 mA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(1): 18–26, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20500
Assault injury rates, social capital, and fear of neighborhood crime
Authors: Kruger Daniel J. , Hutchison Peter , Monroe Matthew G. , Reischl Thomas , Morrel‐Samuels Susan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study develops an explanatory framework for fear of neighborhood crime based on respondents' social context and local rates of assault injuries. Rates of assault injuries within zip codes are based on hospital discharge records. We find that only four variables have a significant unique contribution to fear of crime: respondent's sex, perceptions of neighborhood social capital, and the rates of struck by/against assault injuries for the 10–24 and 50+ age groups. We also find that the perception of neighborhood social capital moderates the impact of assault injury rates on fear of crime; those who perceive a high level of neighborhood social capital exhibit less sensitivity to assault injury rates. We include a map of assault injury rates and fear of crime by ZIP Code and describe the community context related to our results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 483–498, 2007.
Baculovirus‐mediated gene transfer is attenuated by sodium bicarbonate
Authors: Shen Heng‐Chun , Lee Hsiao‐Ping , Lo Wen‐Hsin , Yang Ding‐Gang , Hu Yu‐Chen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundBaculovirus transduction of cultured mammalian cells is typically performed by incubating the cells with virus using culture medium (e.g. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)) as the surrounding solution. However, we previously uncovered that DMEM hinders the baculovirus‐mediated gene transfer.MethodsIn this study, we systematically explored the influences of promoter and medium constituents on the transduction efficiency by using different recombinant viruses and surrounding solutions for transduction, followed by flow cytometric analyses. Whether the key medium component impeded baculovirus binding to the cells and subsequent virus entry was investigated by immunofluorescence/confocal microscopy and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR).ResultsWe demonstrated that the poorer transduction by using DMEM as the surrounding solution is independent of the promoter. Examination of the medium constituents group by group revealed that the balanced salt solution suppresses the baculovirus transduction. By omitting individual salt species in the balanced salt solution, we surprisingly uncovered that NaHCO3, a common buffering agent, exerts the inhibitory effects in a concentration‐dependent manner. Intriguingly, NaHCO3 did not debilitate the baculovirus, nor did it inhibit virus binding to the cells. Instead, NaHCO3 inhibited baculovirus transduction by reducing the intracellular virus number.ConclusionsTo our best knowledge, this is the first report unraveling the significance of NaHCO3 in gene transfer. Our finding suggests that baculovirus‐mediated gene transfer can be readily enhanced by omitting NaHCO3 from the medium during the transduction period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quercetin content in stored onions (Allium cepa L.): effects of storage conditions, cultivar, lifting time and nitrogen fertiliser level
Authors: Mogren Lars M , Olsson Marie E , Gertsson Ulla E 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStorage experiments with commercial cultivars of onion (Allium cepa L.) were performed at low constant temperature (1°C) and at higher variable temperature (∼8°C). Cultivar differences in quercetin glucoside content were significant, but neither nitrogen fertiliser level nor lifting time had more than minor effects at start of storage or after 3 or 5 months of storage. The role of onion size for quercetin glucoside content and composition was inconsistent but seemed to be of minor importance. Irrespective of storage conditions, the content of quercetin glucosides only showed minor reduction and the composition was unchanged. After 5 months of storage, onion sprouting was recorded during a shelf‐life period of 9 weeks at room temperature. Early lifting resulted in onions with low sprouting and good storage abilities without negative effects on quercetin glucoside content. The results suggest that it may be possible to minimise nitrogen fertiliser levels without negative effects on onion yield, quercetin glucoside content or storage capacity. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
An approximate solution to the integral radiative transfer equation in an optically thick slab
Authors: Amosov Andrey , Panasenko Grigory 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe consider the problem of solving the integral form of the radiative transfer equation in an atmosphere with optical thickness τ0≫1. We propose two methods transforming this problem to a finite set of the independent problems of the same type set in an atmosphere with optical thickness much less then τ0. The error estimates are derived. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Why Me?”: An Attributional Analysis of a Major Illness
Authors: Ducette Joseph , Keane Anne 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe applicability of attribution theory in general, and Weiner's model in particular, to a medical setting was investigated. Patients undergoing thoracic surgery were interviewed before and after surgery to ascertain why they thought they had the disease and why they were recovering at an adequate or inadequate rate from the surgery. These data were analyzed to answer two primary questions. First, to what extent can Weiner's academically‐based attribution model be applied to a medical setting? Secondly, do the attributions that patients make about the cause of their disease affect their ability to recover from it? The results indicated that Weiner's theory can be applied to this situation, although a modification in one major dimension of the theory (the Locus dimension) seems warranted. In addition, the causal attributions that patients made about their disease correlated with recovery, although the pattern of attributions for successful patients was complex and theoretically ambiguous. Suggestions for modifying Weiner's model to make the theory more applicable to a medical setting are presented.
Occupational Commitment and the Quality of Maternal Infant Interaction
Authors: Riesch Susan K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA positive and statistically significant relationship was found between a woman's degree of occupational commitment measured at 34 weeks gestation and the quality of interaction with her infant measured soon after delivery in a sample of 50 married, white, college‐educated women and their healthy term infants. This finding did not occur at 6‐weeks postpartum, however. Specific characteristics which influenced the quality of the interaction between mother and infant included mothers' of the subjects work histories, infant gender, attendance at prenatal classes, intention of returning to work, and method of infant feeding. With respect to occupational commitment, influencing characteristics included income and subjects' mothers' work histories. The findings are discussed within the perspective of current literature.
Prediction of Birthweight by the Use of Extrauterine Measurements During Labor
Authors: Engstrom Janet L. , Chen Edwin H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMaternal height, pregravid weight, weight gain during pregnancy, fundal height, McDonald's measurement, uterine width, uterine height, abdominal girth, and station of the fetal head were measured in 44 laboring, nulliparous women and were used to construct a regression model for the prediction of infant birthweight during labor. A model constructed from maternal height, weight gain during pregnancy, fundal height, abdominal girth, and station accounted for 69.6% of the variance in birthweight. The use of this regression equation resulted in predictions that were within 100, 250, and 500 gm of the actual birthweights in 34.1%, 79.5%, and 97.7% of the 44 cases, respectively. In all 44 cases, the weights of the infants also were estimated by palpation of the maternal abdomen during labor. These estimates were within 100, 250, and 500 gm of the actual birthweights in 31.8%, 61.4%, and 88.6% of the cases, respectively.
Attitudes of patients with schizophrenia toward taking medication
Authors: Davidhizar Ruth Elaine , Austin Joan Kessner , McBride Angela Barron 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe attitude of 50 hospitalized persons with schizophrenia toward taking their medication was examined. Both open‐ended and fixed‐response estimates of attitude were made. Insight also was measured, and the relationships between insight and attitude and between hallucinations and insight were analyzed. Patients were able to provide information about beliefs and feelings about taking medication and about insight toward illness and treatment. Attitudes varied, and both strongly positive and strongly negative beliefs about taking medication were held simultaneously. Some of the implications for nursing are explained.
Color vision tests to identify elevated digoxin levels
Authors: Lesage Joan M. , Chuman Mary A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the usefulness of color vision screening in identifying patients with elevated digoxin levels ( 2.0 ng/ml). Test‐retest color vision measurements were obtained on 56 subjects with elevated digoxin levels and 93 nondigoxin subjects. Two tests, the Ishihara and Sahlgren's Saturation Test (SST), identified digoxin levels of 2.9 ng/ml or more. These tests also yielded a high percentage of improved retest scores among subjects with elevated digoxin levels ( 2.7 ng/ml) of more than 4‐days duration and a low percentage of improved retest scores among the nondigoxin group. The Ishihara, SST, and other bedside color vision tests may prove useful in the routine monitoring of patients on digoxin therapy, especially those with a high risk for toxicity.
Frequency of nasoenteral tube displacement and associated risk factors
Authors: Metheny Norma A. , Spies Martha , Eisenberg Patricia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA pilot study was conducted to describe the frequency with which spontaneous tube displacement occurred in 105 tube‐fed patients followed on a prospective basis. In addition, risk factors thought to be associated with tube displacement were studied. Since only about one‐third of the tubes were monitored by followup radiographs, the actual occurrence of tube displacement is unknown. On those days when tube position was documented, a comparison of risk factors for spontaneous tube displacement was made with chi‐square statistics. Two risk factors, coughing and decreased level of consciousness, were found to occur with significantly greater frequency in patients with displaced weighted nasogastric tubes, while coughing, tracheal suctioning, and upper airway intubation were significant in the dislodgement of unweighted nasointestinal tubes. None of the risk factors were significant in patients with weighted nasointestinal tubes.
Job stress and health: The role of social support at work
Authors: Browner C. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractData are presented on the use of social resources to reduce the negative effects of perceived job stress on the health of 26 psychiatric technicians who cared for severely and profoundly retarded residents of a state institution. Data were collected by participant observation, semistructured interviews, and the self‐administered Cornell Medical Index. Sources of job stress were found to stem not from problems associated with the care of the retarded but rather from staff members' inability to control other critical aspects of their work. Staff with supportive work‐based social networks reported significantly better health (as measured by the Cornell Medical Index) than those without such networks.
Measures of mother‐child interaction: A comparison of three methods
Authors: Flick Louise H. , McSweeney Maryellen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThree methods of recording mother‐child interaction were compared in a sample of 136 adolescent mothers with children ranging in age from 8 to 27 months. Mother‐child interaction was rated during in‐home observations using Barnard's Teaching Scale, Schaefer's Attachment Inventory, and Clarke‐Stewart's Rating Scales. The results indicate that each measure complements the other two, and that their interrelationships support the validity of the dimensions each describes. Yet, analyses indicate that they do not share common underlying factors. The findings suggest that each measure contributes to a more complete description of mother‐child interaction.
Accuracy of references in nursing journals
Authors: Foreman Marquis D. , Kirchhoff Karin T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to quantify and classify errors in reference lists of randomly selected, recently published issues of nursing journals (n = 17) and to assess whether these errors prevented retrieval of the cited documents. Randomly selected references, 65 from clinical journals and 47 from non‐clinical journals, were compared to the original sources for accuracy. Errors were classified as minor (not preventing retrieval) and major (preventing retrieval). Errors occurred more frequently in references in clinical journals, 38.4% of those reviewed, as compared to 21.3% in of non‐clinical journals. Additionally, 4.6% of the clinical references contained major errors, but no major errors were located in references from the non‐clinical journals. These findings have implications for all readers.
Nurses' Attributions about Rape Victims
Authors: Damrosch Shirley P. , Gallo Bonnie , Kulak Deborah , Whitaker Cheryl Mador 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn an evaluation experiment, 80 registered nurses (64% of whom had cared for at least one rape victim) read an account of a rape involving a woman who drove to a drugstore on her way home from work. By random assignment, the nurses read one of four versions of the rape which varied in terms of whether or not the victim locked her car door (carelessness manipulation) and time of attack (5:00 p.m. or midnight). Subjects evaluated the victim on a series of 0 to 9 bipolar adjective scales. MANOVA showed a significant main effect for the locked/unlocked conditions: Nurses who read the unlocked version, as compared to those reading the locked version, showed differences in terms of more negative ratings of the victim on such variables as less liking for her, less identification with her, and assigning greater responsibility for the rape to her (p ≤ 0.005). Time of attack and the interaction were not significant.
Confusion in the hospitalized elderly: Incidence, onset, and associated factors
Authors: Foreman Marquis D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeventy‐one non‐surgical patients over age 60 years were studied to obtain information about the incidence, onset and variables associated with the onset of confusion. The incidence of confusion was 38%; 27 of the 71 subjects developed confusion during hospitalization. Nineteen of the 27 patients developed confusion by the second day of hospitalization; no new cases of confusion were detected after the sixth day of hospitalization. An examination of the psychophysiologic variables associated with the onset of confusion produced a profile of the confused elderly patient. Confused patients were: hypernatremic, hypokalemic, hyperglycemic, hypotensive, had elevated blood levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen, received more medications, were more frequently perceived by nurses as confused, had more orienting objects in their immediate environment, and fewer interactions with significant others. Recommendations for the continued investigation and care of confused patients are offered.
Aberrant eating behavior in elderly parkinsonian patients with and without dementia: Analysis of video‐recorded meals
Authors: Athlin Elsy , Norberg Astrid , Axelsson Karin , Möller Agnetha , Nordströ Göran 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAberrant eating behavior among 14 elderly, non‐demented and 10 demented patients with Parkinson's disease was studied by means of video‐recordings. The findings revealed problems in handling food on the plate, transporting food into the mouth, manipulating food in the mouth, and swallowing. Interpretations were performed based on impairments of autonomic processes, perception, cognition, emotion, and motor performance that occur in the disease.