bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleeping sites, sleeping trees, and sleep‐related behaviors of black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China
Authors: Fan Peng‐Fei , Jiang Xue‐Long 
Published: September 2007

AbstractData on sleep‐related behaviors were collected for a group of central Yunnan black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China from March 2005 to April 2006. Members of the group usually formed four sleeping units (adult male and juvenile, adult female with one semi‐dependent black infant, adult female with one dependent yellow infant, and subadult male) spread over different sleeping trees. Individuals or units preferred specific areas to sleep; all sleeping sites were situated in primary forest, mostly (77%) between 2,200 and 2,400 m in elevation. They tended to sleep in the tallest and thickest trees with large crowns on steep slopes and near important food patches. Factors influencing sleeping site selection were (1) tree characteristics, (2) accessibility, and (3) easy escape. Few sleeping trees were used repeatedly by the same or other members of the group. The gibbons entered the sleeping trees on average 128 min before sunset and left the sleeping trees on average 33 min after sunrise. The lag between the first and last individual entering the trees was on average 17.8 min. We suggest that sleep‐related behaviors are primarily adaptations to minimize the risk of being detected by predators. Sleeping trees may be chosen to make approach and attack difficult for the predator, and to provide an easy escape route in the dark. In response to cold temperatures in a higher habitat, gibbons usually sit and huddle together during the night, and in the cold season they tend to sleep on ferns and/or orchids. Am. J. Primatol. 70:153–160, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey and comparison of major intestinal flora in captive and wild ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta) populations
Authors: Villers Lynne M. , Jang Spencer S. , Lent Cheryl L. , Lewin‐Koh Sock‐Cheng , Norosoarinaivo Jeanne Aimée 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA survey to identify the major intestinal species of aerobic bacteria, protozoa and helminths was conducted on captive and wild populations of ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta). Samples were collected from 50 captive lemurs at 11 zoological institutions in the United States. In Madagascar, 98 aerobic bacteria samples and 99 parasite samples were collected from eight sites chosen to cover a variety of populations across the species range. Identical collection, preservation and lab techniques were used for captive and wild populations. The predominant types of aerobic bacteria flora were identified via five separate tests. The tests for parasites conducted included flotation, sedimentation and FA/GC. Twenty‐seven bacteria unique to either the captive or wild populations were cultured with eight of these being statistically significantly different. Fourteen bacteria common to both populations were cultured, of which six differed significantly. Entamoeba coli was the only parasite common to both the captive and wild populations. Giardia spp., Isospora spp., strongyles‐type ova, Entamoeba spp. and Entamoeba polecki were found only in captive samples. Cryptosporidium, Balantidium coli, pinworm‐type ova, and two fluke‐like ova were seen only in wild samples. In addition, samples were compared for both bacteria and parasites from three unique field sites in Madagascar. In this three‐site comparison, six types of bacteria were statistically significantly different. No significant differences regarding parasites were seen. Significant differences were found between the captive and wild populations, whereas fewer differences were found between sites within Madagascar. Although we isolated Campylobacter and Giardia, all animals appeared clinically healthy. Am. J. Primatol. 70:175–184, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mesoporöse Materialien für den Wirkstofftransport
Authors: Vallet‐Regí María , Balas Francisco , Arcos Daniel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDie Erforschung mesoporöser Materialien für biomedizinische Anwendungen hat während der letzten Jahre außerordentlich zugenommen. Seit 2001 erstmals MCM‐41 als Wirkstoff‐Transportsystem vorgeschlagen wurde, wurden Materialien auf Siliciumdioxid‐Basis, wie SBA‐15 oder MCM‐48, und einige metall‐organische Gerüste als Wirkstoffträger und Systeme für die kontrollierte Freisetzung diskutiert. Mesoporöse Materialien werden sowohl für den systemischen Transport als auch für implantierbare lokale Abgabeeinheiten in Betracht gezogen. Die zweite Anwendung birgt vielversprechende Möglichkeiten für den Aufbau von Knochengewebe, weil mesoporöse Materialien ein sehr gutes Verhalten als Biokeramiken zeigen. Dieser Kurzaufsatz behandelt die Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet durch Steuerung der Strukturparameter, Oberflächenfunktionalisierung und Synthese hoch entwickelter stimuliresponsiver Systeme.
In situ ESEM study of partial melting and precipitation process of AZ91D
Authors: Hung Jenny Hao‐Hsin , Chiu Yu Lung , Zhu Tianping , Gao Wei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we report the results of the investigation of partial melting and precipitation processes of an AZ91D magnesium alloy using an in‐situ heating stage located in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). For the first time, in‐situ partial melting of the β phase (Al12Mg17) was observed to initiate in the middle of the large grain boundary β islands, at temperatures around 420 °C. Upon cooling, areas where partial melting of the β phase had occurred solidified into voids. Partial melting of β lamellae within the discontinuous eutectic β/α lamellar structures has not been observed in the present study. Following a solution treatment and aging process, the β phase exists as fine submicron precipitates. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative measures of disorder in biological oscillations and their implications for bioreactor operation
Authors: Patnaik Pratap R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUnder realistic conditions, biological oscillations show fluctuations around time‐varying deterministic values. These fluctuations are often created by noise from the environment, and they vary randomly with time. With continuous flow microbial cultures, the feed stream is a major source of noise. While the detrimental effects of noise inflow are known, quantitative measures of their effects are not established. Such indexes are important because, apart from distortions, noise may displace a fermentation into an undesirable state or into chaos. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an example, four measures of the effect of noise are proposed and their physical implications for the operation of continuous cultures are discussed. It is shown that, like monotonic cultures studied earlier, noise‐affected oscillating cultures too can be analyzed usefully through their fractal dimensions. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Networked, guaranteed cost control for a class of industrial processes with state delay
Authors: Peng Chen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses a class of industrial processes with state delay and controlled over communication networks. With consideration of network‐induced delay and data packet dropout, a model is proposed for networked control systems (NCSs). With the introduction of free weighting matrices, a method for suboptimal guaranteed cost controller design is proposed in the form of matrix inequalities. A nonconvex minimization problem is then formulated for finding suboptimal allowable equivalent delay bound (SAEDB) and the feedback gain of a memoryless controller. The proposed method is demonstrated through networked injection velocity control in thermoplastic injection molding. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of a crab predator (Cancer porteri) on secondary producers versus ecological model predictions in Tongoy Bay (south‐east Pacific coast): implications for management and fisheries
Authors: Ortiz Marco 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The present study compares the propagation of effects observed as a response to changes in the abundance of a top predator (top‐down cascading effect) in a benthic community within the south‐east Pacific upwelling ecosystem of northern Chile, with predictions derived from quantitative and qualitative multispecific models.
Results with Loop Analysis achieved 71.4% of predictive certainty; indicating that this technique is useful for assessment of the effects of human intervention related to the mud‐bottom ecosystem tested. On the other hand, Ecosim using bottom‐up flow control mechanism achieved only 14.3% certainty. In an intermediate range, predictions obtained using the Mixed Trophic Impacts and Ecosim models using top‐down, mixed and flow control mechanisms estimated by the program, achieved 57.1% certainty.
The results obtained have important implications for the management of communities and ecosystems since human interventions can be studied using holistic models with an end result of evaluating the eventual changes that they propagate.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality induced by drifting longline hooks and branchlines in loggerhead sea turtles, estimated through observation in captivity
Authors: Casale Paolo , Freggi Daniela , Rocco Massimiliano 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Drifting longlines are considered a major threat to endangered sea turtle populations worldwide. However, for a number of reasons, the mortality rate of captured turtles is not known with any certainty.
Information on 409 loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), collected during the day‐to‐day activities of a turtle rescue centre in Lampedusa island, central Mediterranean, in the period 2001–2005 has been analysed.
Observations indicate that: (i) drifting longlines are a major cause of mortality for sea turtles in the area; (ii) in addition to the hook, the piece of line attached to it (branchline) can easily cause death if it is long enough and well‐anchored; (iii) hooks and branchlines cause death in the short and long term, respectively; (iv) a turtle with a hook in the lower oesophagus/stomach has a very low chance of surviving the combined effect of hook and branchline; (v) the mortality of turtles with a hook in the mouth or higher oesophagus is probably important, though less than that of turtles with a hook in the lower oesophagus/stomach; (vi) in the study fishery, the average mortality of a turtle caught by a drifting longline is probably much higher than 30%.
Without specific investigations on the mortality of turtles with hooks in the mouth or higher oeasophagus, which are usually removed, the mortality induced by drifting longlines will remain unknown, preventing a full understanding of the effect on population growth and the real effectiveness of conservation measures such as use of different hooks and fishing depths, and proposals for adequate fishery management measures.
The number of turtles captured by drifting longlines should be drastically reduced, and because of the above uncertainty and the socio‐economic importance of the fishery sector, an ecosystem‐based management scheme should be promoted that is not limited to addressing only the turtle issue.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transit peptide diversity and divergence: A global analysis of plastid targeting signals
Authors: Patron Nicola J. , Waller Ross F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractProteins are targeted to plastids by N‐terminal transit peptides, which are recognized by protein import complexes in the organelle membranes. Historically, transit peptide properties have been defined from vascular plant sequences, but recent large‐scale genome sequencing from the many plastid‐containing lineages across the tree of life has provided a much broader representation of targeted proteins. This includes the three lineages containing primary plastids (plants and green algae, rhodophytes and glaucophytes) and also the seven major lineages that contain secondary plastids, “secondhand” plastids derived through eukaryotic endosymbiosis. Despite this extensive spread of plastids throughout Eukaryota, an N‐terminal transit peptide has been maintained as an essential plastid‐targeting motif. This article provides the first global comparison of transit peptide composition and summarizes conservation of some features, the loss of an ancestral motif from the green lineages including plants, and modifications to transit peptides that have occurred in secondary and even tertiary plastids. BioEssays 29:1048–1058, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changing trends in the decision-making preferences of women with early breast cancer
Authors: Caldon L J M , Walters S J , Reed M W R 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have indicated a predominance of passive decision-making styles among women with early-stage breast cancer in the UK offered a choice between breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. The aim of this study was to determine current decision-making styles and establish their association with operation choice and breast unit mastectomy rate.

Methods
A questionnaire survey was conducted among women from three specialist breast units representing high, medium and low case mix-adjusted mastectomy rates.

Results
Of 697 consecutive patients, 356 (51·1 per cent) completed the questionnaire, a mean of 6·9 (range 1·3–48·6) weeks after surgery. Some 262 women (73·6 per cent) underwent BCS and 94 (26·4 per cent) had a mastectomy. Some 218 patients (61·2 per cent) achieved their preferred decision-making style. The proportions of women achieving an active decision-making style were high, particularly for those choosing mastectomy (83 versus 58·0 per cent for BCS; P &lt; 0·001) and in the high mastectomy rate unit (79·6 versus 53 and 52·2 per cent for medium and low rate units respectively; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
More women chose an active decision-making style than in previous UK studies. The provision of greater treatment selection autonomy to women suitable for BCS may not reduce mastectomy rates.
The distribution of the radial and musculocutaneous nerves in the brachialis muscle
Authors: Frazer Emily A. , Hobson Mark , McDonald Stuart W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFew have examined the distribution of the radial nerve branch to brachialis, generally believed to be motor, within the muscle. We examined the right brachialis muscles of six dissecting room cadavers and found that four received a supply from the radial nerve. The radial nerve branch(es) supplied the inferolateral region of the muscle and was overlapped proximodistally and mediolaterally by the intramuscular branches of the musculocutaneous nerve, which lay on a more superficial plane. The results have implications for the anterolateral approach to the humerus for orthopedic surgery. Anterior splitting of the muscle will almost certainly damage the most lateral branches of the musculocutaneous nerve. Clin. Anat. 20:785–789, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of coherence strategies for stereo occlusion culling
Authors: Mansa Ignacio , Amundarain Aiert , Matey Luis , García‐Alonso Alejandro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the benefits that can be achieved for stereoscopic visualization when using occlusion culling strategies. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are improving their computational power and functionalities. On the other hand, models are also increasing their size and users require more demanding image quality. Occlusion culling provides significant frame rate speed‐ups in densely occluded scenarios. This paper shows the limitations placed by compact and not densely occluded scenarios and the gains that can be achieved when rendering stereo images using occlusion culling. The experiments carried out test combinations of occlusion stereo coherence and occlusion frame coherence. The methods also take advantage of efficient depth sorting strategy and aggressive occlusion frame coherence, whose image artefacts have been found to be negligible. Results clearly point out that eye‐independent frame coherence offers more benefits than mixing frame and stereo coherence. As in monoscopic occlusion culling, using simplified geometric models, instead of bounding boxes, when posting occlusion queries, improves significantly the number of objects discriminated as occluded. The algorithm presented can be easily implemented and provides a significant boost in performances. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A space of one's own: women's magazine consumption within family life
Authors: Stevens Lorna , Maclaran Pauline , Catterall Miriam 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

This is a study of women's magazine consumption in the home. It explores issues of time and space, and addresses the importance the women who took part in the study place on magazine consumption in their lives, given the ‘juggling’ lifestyle experienced by most of them. The study reveals family life to be a landscape within which these women carve out what they perceive as valuable and rare time and space for themselves. The authors argue that in contemporary family life women's magazines play a key part in the quest for me‐time and time away from others, in both a tangible and experiential sense.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artemin activates axonal growth via SFK and ERK‐dependent signalling pathways in mature dorsal root ganglia neurons
Authors: Jeong Doc Gyun , Park Wyun Kon , Park Seyeon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractArtemin, one of the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, enhances the generation and survival of early sympathetic neurons and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. Src‐family kinases (SFK) are involved in the growth and differentiation of cells, which are composed of unique Src homology 2 (SH2), Src homology 3 (SH3) and kinase domains. Various extra‐cellular molecules containing growth factors and G‐protein coupled receptors stimulate SFK. In this report, artemin is shown to have a significant effect on the neurite growth of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Also, artemin triggers Src‐family kinase activation and the phosphorylation of extra‐cellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Artemin also regulated actin polymerization. There are several indications that another SH3‐containing protein, Hck, and an SH3‐containing adaptor protein, Nck1, play an important role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton by cellular signalling. These findings suggest that the exploration of binding partners for the SH3 domain could provide an insight into regulation between the microtubule and actin networks. The binding partners for the SH3 domains of Nck, Src and Hck that we identified were Smc chromosome segregation ATPases, FOG Zn‐finger protein and the FYVE zinc‐binding domain, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive Transport of Guanidinylated Poly(propylene imine)‐Based Dendrimers through Liposomal and Cellular Membranes
Authors: Tsogas Ioannis , Sideratou Zili , Tsiourvas Dimitris , Theodossiou Theodossis A. , Paleos Constantinos M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe ability of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers to translocate across lipid bilayers was assessed by employing either a model phosphate‐bearing liposomal membrane system or A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Two dendrimer generations, differing in the number of surface guanidinium groups, were employed, while surface acetylation or the use of spacers affected the binding of the guanidinium group to the phosphate moiety and finally the transport efficiency. Following adhesion of dendrimers with liposomes, fusion or transport occurred. Transport through the liposomal bilayer was observed at low guanidinium/phosphate molar ratios, and was enhanced when the bilayer was in the liquid‐crystalline phase. For effective transport through the liposomal membrane, an optimum balance between the binding strength and the degree of hydrophobicity of the guanidinylated dendrimer is required. In experiments performed in vitro with cells, efficient penetration and internalization in subcellular organelles and cytosol was observed.
Conformation, Dynamics, and Insertion of a Noncysteine‐Containing Protegrin‐1 Analogue in Lipid Membranes from Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Mani Rajeswari , Waring Alan J. , Hong Mei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDisulfide‐bonded β‐hairpin structures are common among antimicrobial peptides. Disulfide bonds are known to be important for antimicrobial activity, but the underlying structural reason is not well understood. We have investigated the membrane‐bound structure of a disulfide‐deleted analogue of the antimicrobial peptide protegrin‐1, in which the four Cys residues were replaced by Ala. The secondary structure, dynamics, and topology of this Ala‐PG1 peptide in the membrane were determined by using magic‐angle‐spinning NMR spectroscopy. Conformation‐dependent 13C isotropic chemical shifts of multiple 13C‐labeled residues were obtained from 1D cross‐polarization and direct‐polarization spectra, and from 2D J‐coupling‐mediated 13C–13C correlation spectra. Most labeled residues exhibited two conformations: a random coil and a β‐sheet structure. The dual‐conformation property was present in both anionic lipid bilayers, which mimic the bacterial membrane, and zwitterionic cholesterol‐containing bilayers, which mimic the eukaryotic cell membrane. The mobility of the peptide was measured by using a 2D C–H dipolar‐shift correlation experiment. The random‐coil fraction was highly mobile whereas the β‐sheet component was rigid. 1H spin diffusion from the lipid chains to the peptide indicates that the β‐sheet component was well inserted into the anionic membrane, but surface bound in the cholesterol‐containing neutral membrane. Thus, the removal of disulfide bonds changed some PG‐1 molecules to highly mobile random coils that were poorly associated with the lipid membrane, but other molecules retained a β‐sheet conformation and had a similar membrane‐binding topology to the parent peptide. Thus, the reduced antimicrobial activity of Ala‐PG1 was largely due to the reduced number of insertion‐competent β‐sheet molecules, rather than uniformly weakened activity of identically structured peptides.