bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sample average approximation-based heuristic for the stochastic production routing problem
Authors: Geiger Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Production Routing Problem under demand uncertainty is an integrated problem containing production, inventory, and distribution decisions. At the planning level, the aim is to meet retailers demand, when only the demand distribution is known in advance, while minimizing the corresponding costs. In this study, a two-stage formulation is presented in which the routing can be adjusted at short notice. In the first stage, only production decisions are made, while delivery and inventory quantities and retailer visit schedules are determined in the second stage. To handle a large number of scenarios, two solution methods based on Sample Average Approximation are introduced. Furthermore, the impact of the routing quality is explored by applying a simple heuristic and an effective metaheuristic on the routing part. It is shown that, on average, the simple heuristic within an adjustable Sample Average Approximation approach provides better objective function values than the metaheuristic within a non-adjustable approach. Also all solution approaches outperform an expected value based approach in terms of runtime and objective function value.
Stability of the Gaussian Faber–Krahn inequality
Authors: Carbotti Alessandro , Cito Simone , La Manna Domenico Angelo , Pallara Diego 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe prove a quantitative version of the Gaussian Faber–Krahn type inequality proved in (Betta et al. in Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 58:37–52, 2007) for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operator, estimating the deficit in terms of the Gaussian Fraenkel asymmetry. As expected, the multiplicative constant only depends on the prescribed Gaussian measure.
Interventional treatment of refractory non-traumatic chylous effusions in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Wagenpfeil Julia , Hoß Katharina , Henkel Andreas , Kütting Daniel , Luetkens Julian Alexander , Feldmann Georg , Brossart Peter , Attenberger Ulrike Irmgard , Pieper Claus Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo report results of interventional treatment of refractory non-traumatic abdomino-thoracic chylous effusions in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. 17 patients (10 male; mean age 66.7 years) with lymphoproliferative disorders suffered from non-traumatic chylous effusions (chylothorax n = 11, chylous ascites n = 3, combined abdomino-thoracic effusion n = 3) refractory to chemotherapy and conservative therapy. All underwent x-ray lymphangiography with iodized-oil to evaluate for and at the same time treat lymphatic abnormalities (leakage, chylo-lymphatic reflux with/without obstruction of central drainage). In patients with identifiable active leakage additional lymph-vessel embolization was performed. Resolution of effusions was deemed as clinical success. Lymphangiography showed reflux in 8/17 (47%), leakage in 2/17 (11.8%), combined leakage and reflux in 3/17 (17.6%), lymphatic obstruction in 2/17 (11.8%) and normal findings in 2/17 cases (11.8%). 12/17 patients (70.6%) were treated by lymphangiography alone; 5/17 (29.4%) with leakage received additional embolization (all technically successful). Effusions resolved in 15/17 cases (88.2%); 10/12 (83.3%) resolved after lymphangiography alone and in 5/5 patients (100%) after embolization. Time-to-resolution of leakage was significantly shorter after embolization (within one day in all cases) than lymphangiography (median 9 [range 4–30] days; p = 0.001). There was no recurrence of symptoms or post-interventional complications during follow-up (median 445 [40–1555] days). Interventional-radiological treatment of refractory, non-traumatic lymphoma-induced chylous effusions is safe and effective. Lymphangiography identifies lymphatic abnormalities in the majority of patients and leads to resolution of effusions in > 80% of cases. Active leakage is found in only a third of patients and can be managed by additional embolization.
External validation of a four-tiered grading system for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Shuai , Hou Mingyu , Yao Yu , Mei Jingchang , Sun Lijiang , Zhang Guiming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to validate the prognostic value of a four-tiered grading system recently proposed by Avulova et al. and to explore the prognostic ability of another four-tiered classification grading system in which there is a separate Grade 3 for tumor necrosis. Grading of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) by the Fuhrman system is not feasible because of the inherent nuclear atypia in ChRCC. We collected relevant data of 263 patients with ChRCC who had undergone surgery in our hospital from 2008 to 2020. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate and Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess associations with cancer-specific survival and distant metastasis-free survival by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ten patients died from ChRCC, and 12 developed metastases. The 5 year CSS rates were 95.9%. Grades 2 (HR = 10.9; CI 1.11–106.4; P = 0.04), 3 (HR = 33.6, CI 3.32–339.1; P = 0.003), and 4 (HR = 417.4, CI 35.0–4976.2; P < 0.001) in a four-tiered grading system were significantly associated with CSS in a multivariate setting. However, the difference in CSS between Grades 2 and 3 was not significant (HR = 2.14, 95% CI 0.43–10.63; P = 0.35). The HRs of the associations between an exploratory grading system that includes a separate Grade 3 for tumor necrosis and CSS were as follows: Grade 2, 10.2 (CI 1.06–97.9, P = 0.045); Grade 3, 11.4 (CI 1.18–109.6, P = 0.04); and Grade 4, 267.9 (CI 27.6–2603.3, P < 0.001). Similarly, Grades 2 and 3 did not differ significantly. The four-tiered grading system studied is useful for predicting death from ChRCC and metastasis. However, Grade 3 did not more accurately predict risk of death and metastasis than did Grade 2. This was also true for the novel exploratory grading system that classifies tumors with necrosis into a separate Grade 3.
Multi-omics and artificial intelligence predict clinical outcomes of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Mei Ting , Wang Ting , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, various types of immunotherapy, particularly the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), have revolutionized the management and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. PD-L1 is frequently used as a biomarker for predicting the likely benefit of immunotherapy for patients. However, some patients receiving immunotherapy have high response rates despite having low levels of PD-L1. Therefore, the identification of this group of patients is extremely important to improve prognosis. The tumor microenvironment contains tumor, stromal, and infiltrating immune cells with its composition differing significantly within tumors, between tumors, and between individuals. The omics approach aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of each patient through high-throughput extracted features, promising a more comprehensive characterization of this complex ecosystem. However, features identified by high-throughput methods are complex and present analytical challenges to clinicians and data scientists. It is thus feasible that artificial intelligence could assist in the identification of features that are beyond human discernment as well as in the performance of repetitive tasks. In this paper, we review the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy by different biomarkers (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, microbiomic, and radiomic), together with the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges and future directions of these fields.
Impact of age and cardiovascular risk factors on the incidence of adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Janus Kinase inhibitors: data from a real-life multicentric cohort
Authors: Gentileschi Stefano , Gaggiano Carla , Damiani Arianna , Coccia Carmela , Bernardini Pamela , Cazzato Massimiliano , D’Alessandro Francesco , Vallifuoco Giulia , Terribili Riccardo , Bardelli Marco , Baldi Caterina , Cantarini Luca , Mosca Marta , Frediani Bruno , Guiducci Serena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInhibiting Janus Kinases (JAK) is a crucial therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the use of JAK inhibitors has recently raised serious safety concerns. The study aims to evaluate the safety profile of JAKi in patients with RA and identify potential risk factors (RFs) for adverse events (AEs). Data of RA patients treated with JAKi in three Italian centers from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. 182 subjects (F:117, 64.3%) underwent 193 treatment courses. 78.6% had at least one RF, including age ≥ 65 years, obesity, smoking habit, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, previous VTE or cancer, and severe mobility impairment. We identified 70 AEs (28/100 patients/year), among which 15 were serious (6/100 patients/year). A high disease activity was associated with AEs occurrence (p = 0.03 for CDAI at T0 and T6; p = 0.04 for SDAI at T0 and T6; p = 0.01 and p = 0.04 for DAS28ESR at T6 and T12, respectively). No significant differences in AEs occurrence were observed after stratification by JAKi molecules (p = 0.44), age groups (p = 0.08) nor presence of RFs (p > 0.05 for all of them). Neither the presence of any RFs, nor the cumulative number of RFs shown by the patient, nor age ≥ 65 did predict AEs occurrence. Although limited by the small sample size and the limited number of cardiovascular events, our data do not support the correlation between cardiovascular RFs—including age—and a higher incidence of AEs during JAKi therapy. The role of uncontrolled disease activity in AEs occurrence should by emphasized.
Evolution of coniacian facies and environments in the Iberian basin: a longshore current controlling siliciclastic sand distribution on a carbonate platform
Authors: Gil-Gil J. , Bretones A. , Boix C. , García-Hidalgo J. F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Coniacian carbonate sediments of the Iberian basin were deposited on a homoclinal ramp that grades upwards into a distally steepened ramp, with a major shoreline siliciclastic fringe. Twenty-three facies have been identified and grouped into three main depositional environments: outer, mid, and inner ramp. The last include barrier (shoal), lagoon, carbonate tidal-flat and shoreface sub-environments. The more prominent biogenic components show a mixture of sunlight-dependent phototrophic organisms (mainly large benthic foraminifera) and nutrient-dependent heterotrophic organisms (mainly rudists), with a remarkable rare occurrence of corals. Nutrients supplied from the emergent mainland probably promoted the development of heterozoan organisms. The vertical evolution of the ramp shows: a basal transgressive stage with facies retrogradation; a maximum flooding stage, and a regressive stage with aggradation and progradation of a distally steepened ramp. The presence and distribution of siliciclastics are problematic, since sands coming into the basin are likely to be rapidly and widely redistributed along the basin, taking into account the common storm, wave, and tidal processes preserved by the sedimentary facies. The presence of a clockwise NW-flowing longshore current is postulated to account for this distribution, which was likely induced by both dominant external currents around Iberia and wind-driven currents. These clockwise gyres facilitated the invertebrate dispersion into this enclosed basin and the local presence of upwelling. This could have been another source of episodic nutrient-rich waters from the deep ramp, which may have favored heterozoan development even in the more proximal and relatively shallower-water facies.
Methods for evaluating the significance and importance of differences amongst probabilistic seismic hazard results for engineering and risk analyses: a review and insights
Authors: Douglas John , Crowley Helen , Silva Vitor , Marzocchi Warner , Danciu Laurentiu , Pinho Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen new seismic hazard estimates are published it is natural to compare them to existing results for the same location. This type of comparison routinely indicates differences amongst hazard estimates obtained with the various models. The question that then arises is whether these differences are scientifically significant, given the large epistemic uncertainties inherent in all seismic hazard estimates, or practically important, given the use of hazard models as inputs to risk and engineering calculations. A difference that exceeds a given threshold could mean that building codes may need updating, risk models for insurance purposes may need to be revised, or emergency management procedures revisited. In the current literature there is little guidance on what constitutes a significant or important difference, which can lead to lengthy discussions amongst hazard modellers, end users and stakeholders. This study reviews proposals in the literature on this topic and examines how applicable these proposals are, using, for illustration purposes, several sites and various seismic hazard models for each site, including the two European Seismic Hazard Models of 2013 and 2020. The implications of differences in hazard for risk and engineering purposes are also examined to understand how important such differences are for potential end users of seismic hazard models. Based on this, we discuss the relevance of such methods to determine the scientific significance and practical importance of differences between seismic hazard estimates and identify some open questions. We conclude that there is no universal criterion for assessing differences between seismic hazard results and that the recommended approach depends on the context. Finally, we highlight where additional work is required on this topic and that we encourage further discussion of this topic.
Learning the flux and diffusion function for degenerate convection-diffusion equations using different types of observations
Authors: Li Qing , Evje Steinar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in utilizing deep learning-based techniques to predict solutions to various partial differential equations. In this study, we investigate the identification of an unknown flux function and diffusion coefficient in a one-dimensional convection-diffusion equation. The diffusion function is allowed to vanish on intervals implying that solutions generally possess low regularity, i.e., are discontinuous. Therefore, solutions must be interpreted in the sense of entropy solutions which combine a weak formulation with an additional constraint (entropy condition). We explore a methodology that utilizes symbolic neural networks (S-Nets) in combination with an entropy-consistent discrete numerical scheme (ECDNS). Different types of observation data are explored. Extensive experiments in this paper demonstrate that the proposed method is a robust tool to identify the unknown flux and diffusion function. The flux and diffusion functions are restricted to be rational functions.
A prospective study of smoking-related white blood cell DNA methylation markers and risk of bladder cancer
Authors: Vermeulen Roel , Bodinier Barbara , Dagnino Sonia , Wada Rin , Wang Xuting , Silverman Debra , Albanes Demetrius , Freedman Neal , Rahman Mohammad , Bell Douglas , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Rothman Nathaniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBladder cancer, a common neoplasm, is primarily caused by tobacco smoking. Epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation have the potential to be used as prospective markers of increased risk, particularly in at-risk populations such as smokers. We aimed to investigate the potential of smoking-related white blood cell (WBC) methylation markers to contribute to an increase in bladder cancer risk prediction over classical questionnaire-based smoking metrics (i.e., duration, intensity, packyears) in a nested case–control study within the prospective prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial and the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer (ATBC) Prevention Study (789 cases; 849 controls). We identified 200 differentially methylated sites associated with smoking status and 28 significantly associated (after correction for multiple testing) with bladder cancer risk among 2670 previously reported smoking-related cytosine–phosphate–guanines sites (CpGs). Similar patterns were observed across cohorts. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses indicated that cg05575921 (AHHR), the strongest smoking-related association we identified for bladder cancer risk, alone yielded similar predictive performance (AUC: 0.60) than classical smoking metrics (AUC: 0.59–0.62). Best prediction was achieved by including the first principal component (PC1) from the 200 smoking-related CpGs alongside smoking metrics (AUC: 0.63–0.65). Further, PC1 remained significantly associated with elevated bladder cancer risk after adjusting for smoking metrics. These findings suggest DNA methylation profiles reflect aspects of tobacco smoke exposure in addition to those captured by smoking duration, intensity and packyears, and/or individual susceptibility relevant to bladder cancer etiology, warranting further investigation.
What is the long-run relationship between military expenditures, foreign trade and ecological footprint? Evidence from method of Maki cointegration test
Authors: Cutcu Ibrahim , Eren Mehmet Vahit , Cil Dilek , Karis Cigdem , Kocak Sinem 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe US leads the global economy regarding foreign trade volume and military expenditures. Increases in military expenditures and foreign trade can substantially affect environmental issues. This study's preliminary research objective is to explore the interaction of foreign trade and military expenditures with ecological concerns in the long-term of the US economy using current time series techniques. Ecological footprint, military expenditures, exports, imports, urbanization, and agricultural area variables are used in the analysis with annual data for the US economy for the period 1970-2018. A relationship in long-term between the variables is revealed by the Maki (2012) cointegration test results, considering structural break. As indicated by the findings obtained from the coefficient estimation, an increase in military expenditures, exports, and agricultural area decreases the ecological footprint, while an increase in imports increases it. In addition, the results of the time-varying causality test show that there are periodic causality relationships between the variables. To sum up, there is a negative relationship between military expenditures, exports, and agricultural area, and ecological footprint, and a positive relationship between imports and ecological footprint.
Molecular, morphological, palynological and biochemical characterization of six accessions of two Mangifera indica L cultivars (Keitt and Ewais) native to Egypt
Authors: Sobieh Shaimaa S. , Sayed Reem M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccurate characterization of crops or fruits leads to successful improvements in breeding programs. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the second most common fruit in Egypt. It is a heterozygous plant; consequently, the possibility of incorrect characterization is significant. Therefore, this study used six accessions of two M. indica cultivars, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Ewais’, to produce precise molecular characterization and prove their genetic relatedness using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Pollen morphology was studied for the first time for these two Egyptian cultivars to determine their correlation. Morphological traits were quantitatively and qualitatively investigated. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to correlate the six mango accessions. One of these accessions (accession 3) was commercially identified as ‘Ewais’ cv., but the obtained result revealed that it does not belong to ‘Ewais’ cv. This finding was proved molecularly using ISSR and SCoT markers and morphologically. Similarly, phytochemical analyses revealed a difference between accession 3 and the other accessions under investigation. Polymorphic information content (PIC) and resolving power (RP) data revealed that the SCoT technique was more informative than ISSR for studying these genotypes of mango. Accordingly, the present findings prove the necessity for molecular, morphological, palynological, and biochemical investigations for accurate characterization of mango genotypes and genetic relatedness for improving breeding programs.
Formation of a periodic structure on the surface of InP crystal during irradiation with bismuth ions
Authors: Kudriavtsev Yu. , Hernandez A. G. , Diaz José Juan , Avendano M. , Ramirez G. , Asomoza R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work is devoted to the study of the formation of periodic relief on the InP surface during ion sputtering by bismuth ions with an energy of 30 keV and an angle of incidence of 45° respect to normal incidence. We compared the reliefs formed by sputtering with atomic and cluster bismuth ions, as well as the relief appearing on the surface of the sample irradiated at elevated temperature (290 °C). Three different types of reliefs were found: surface waves with nanodots on the surface “waves”, nanodots with uniform distribution and relief in the form of columnar micro crystallites during sputtering of a heated target. With increasing irradiation dose, insignificant changes in characteristic surface dimensions were observed for all three reliefs. Based on the nonlinear character of surface sputtering (“thermal spot” sputtering mode), we described the formation of relief in the form of nano-dots and in the form of micro crystallites as a result of local melting areas formation and subsequent solidification (crystallization) on the target surface. Regarding wave relief, in our opinion, an adequate physical description is given by a model based on the stress driven dynamics of ion irradiated surface.
Does Inequality Shape Human Character? Cross-Cultural Associations between Character Strengths and the Gini Index in 68 Countries
Authors: Casali Nicole , Filippi Silvia , Feraco Tommaso 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental factors are crucial in shaping individual characteristics. One key contextual factor is economic inequality, which is increasing in most OECD countries and negatively impacting individuals and societies, including personality traits. To date, no studies examined the relationship between economic inequality and positive personality traits such as character strengths. In a large cross-cultural study (N = 980,807, 68 countries) we investigated the relationship between country-level economic inequality and the level of the 24 character strengths. Across countries, we found consistent, robust evidence that economic inequality is positively linked to 22 character strengths, even after controlling for the Human Development Index, population density, urbanization, and climate of each country. On average, inequality explained 34% of the between-country variance in character strengths. Different alternative explanations for such unexpected effects, including increased competitiveness or resilience in the face of adversity, are discussed. Our research provides novel insights into the importance of environmental factors in shaping human character.