bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignoring Plant Physiological Responses to Elevated CO2 Will Overestimate Terrestrial Vertebrate Biodiversity Loss Under Global Climate Change
Authors: Sun Chuanlian , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRising CO2 is accelerating Earth warming and drying by altering the radiation budget (CO2 radiative effect), and it is commonly thought that future biodiversity will be greatly threatened. However, elevated CO2 also modifies plant physiology including photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency (CO2 physiological effect), the impacts of which have been usually ignored. By coupling machine learning techniques and Earth system models, this study considered both of the two effects and simulated terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity changes under moderate CO2 emission pathway. Our results show that the CO2 radiative effect positively impacts terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity at high latitudes but has a negative impact at low latitudes, whereas the physiological effect generally has a positive impact that peaks near the equator. Between 45°N and 45°S, 15% of areas with diminishing terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity due to radiative effect experience a reversal in trend when physiological effect is also considered; species migration pressure is also mitigated. Additionally, the protection priority rankings of 36 biodiversity hotspots need to be readjusted with the consideration of CO2 physiological effect, for which the impacts on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity are important and varied greatly over space. Overall, our findings highlight the critical impacts of vegetation physiology on terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity in response to elevated atmospheric CO2, which can provide a reference for resource allocation and biodiversity conservation policymaking.
Electromagnetic Landau Resonance: MMS Observations
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Zong Q.‐G. , Wang Y.‐F. , Zhou X.‐Z. , Wang S. , Li J.‐H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTheoretical analysis has revealed a specific resonance that shares the same condition as Landau resonance, but instead involves wave electromagnetic fields rather than traditionally electrostatic fields. While this resonance, referred to as electromagnetic Landau resonance due to its properties, is considered significant for magnetospheric dynamics, rare reports or evaluations based on observations have been made thus far. Here, we present an event detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission near the dayside magnetopause. During this event, ∼748‐eV protons are observed to be in resonance with a wave. Detailed data analysis demonstrates the resonant velocity closely matches the wave's parallel phase speed, which, combined with the significant work done by wave perpendicular electric field, confirms this interaction as electromagnetic Landau resonance. Further investigation indicates these protons are being secularly accelerated within this resonance. Consequently, our observations provide the first empirical evidence supporting the previously suggested theoretical importance of the electromagnetic Landau resonance.
Major Role of Marine Heatwave and Anthropogenic Climate Change on a Giant Hail Event in Spain
Authors: Martín M. L. , Calvo‐Sancho C. , Taszarek M. , González‐Alemán J. J. , Montoro‐Mendoza A. , Díaz‐Fernández J. , Bolgiani P. , Sastre M. , Martín Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA severe hailstorm that occurred in Spain on 30 August 2022, caused material and human damage, including one fatality due to giant hailstones up to 12 cm in diameter. By applying a pseudo‐global warming approach, here we evaluate how a simultaneous marine heatwave (and anthropogenic climate change) affected a unique environment conductive to such giant hailstones. The main results show that the supercell development was influenced by an unprecedented amount of convective available energy, with significant contributions from thermodynamic factors. Numerical simulations where the marine heatwave is not present show a notable reduction in the hail‐favorable environments, related mainly to modifications in thermodynamic environment. Our simulations also indicate that the environment in a preindustrial‐like climate would be less favorable for convective hazards and thus the hailstorm event would likely not have been as severe as the observed one, being possible to perform a novel attribution of such kind.
Exploring the Formation of High Levels of Hydroxyl Dicarboxylic Acids at an Urban Background Site in South China
Authors: Huo Yunxi , Lyu Xiaopu , Yao Dawen , Zhou Beining , Yuan Qi , Lee Shun‐cheng , Guo Hai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydroxyl dicarboxylic acids (OHDCA) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere as an important constituent of secondary organic aerosol, yet the formation mechanisms remain unclear. At an urban background site on the coast of South China, we observed notable levels of OHDCA, with the highest concentration of malic acid (a typical OHDCA species) reaching 533 ng m−3. In the coastal air, the correlation between OHDCA and sulfate was better (R2 = 0.48) in the period when the relative humidity was higher and the sulfate size distribution was in a droplet mode, fitting the features of aqueous formation. In the short‐range continental air, a significant rise in OHDCA levels from morning through early afternoon (588 ng m−3) was observed under marked daytime increment of ozone that was corrected for titration loss (O3_corr, sum of ozone and nitrogen dioxide). In addition, good correlation between OHDCA and O3_corr was identified in this period, illuminating the role for gas‐phase photochemistry in regulating OHDCA formation. Therefore, the elevated OHDCA was likely attributed to aqueous photooxidation, and the dominant factors varied under different atmospheric conditions. The precursors of OHDCA could be derived from biogenic emissions, as indicated by the correlations of OHDCA with 2‐methylglyceric acid (bihourly data) and isoprene and monoterpenes (daily average data). However, anthropogenic aromatics might also be involved in OHDCA formation, especially in the short‐range continental air. The formation mechanisms probed through observational evidence will be an important reference for rectifying simulations of OHDCA and its impact on air quality and climate.
Persistence of peripheral CD8 + CD28− T cells indicates a favourable outcome and tumour immunity in first-line HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Cheng Xiangming , Xie Feng , Li Kun , Shi Yongcan , Shao Bin , Liang Xu , Wan Fengling , Jia Shidong , Zhang Yue , Liu Yiqiang , Li Huiping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The contradictory role of CD8 + CD28− T cells in tumour immunity has been reported, while their biological and clinical significance in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is still unknown.

Methods
HER2-positive MBC patients with no prior therapy in the metastatic setting were retrospectively recruited at two medical centres. Peripheral CD8 + CD28− T cells (pTCD8+CD28-) were detected at baseline and following therapeutic intervals. Progression-free survival (PFS) was compared according to pTCD8+CD28− levels. The molecular features of pTCD8+CD28− and its correlation with tumour immunity were also investigated.

Results
A total of 252 patients were enrolled, and the median follow-up time was 29.6 months. pTCD8+CD28− high at baseline has prolonged PFS compared to pTCD8+CD28− low (P = 0.001). Patients who maintained pTCD8+CD28− high had a longer PFS than those who kept pTCD8+CD28− low (P < 0.001). The enhanced pTCD8+CD28− level also indicates a longer PFS compared to pTCD8+CD28− low (P = 0.025). Here, pTCD8+CD28- was demonstrated as an antigen-experienced effector T cell. Higher IL-2 level (P = 0.034) and lower TGF-β level (P = 0.016) in the serum and highly infiltrated CD8 + CD28− T cells (P = 0.037) were also connected to pTCD8+CD28− high.

Conclusions
High pTCD8+CD28− level is associated with a favourable tumour immunity and a better PFS of HER2-targeting therapy in MBC patients.
Nanocomposite magnetic hydrogel with dual anisotropic properties induces osteogenesis through the NOTCH-dependent pathways
Authors: Tang Shijia , Yan Yue , Lu Xiaoli , Wang Peng , Xu Xueqin , Hu Ke , Yan Sen , Guo Zhaobin , Han Xiao , Zhang Feimin , Gu Ning 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Physical factors in the cellular microenvironment have critical effects on stem cell differentiation. The utilization of physical factors to promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells has been established as a new strategy for developing bone tissue engineering scaffolds. In this context, scaffolds with multiscale anisotropy are considered to possess biomimetic properties, which are advantageous for their biological performance. In the present study, a novel magnetic anisotropic hydrogel (MAH) with magnetic and topographic anisotropy was designed by combining static magnetic field-induced magnetic nanomaterials and a hydrogel. In in vitro studies, the MAH exhibited excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic bioactivity. The alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins induced by the MAH were greater than those induced by the pure PEGDA–GelMA hydrogel (PGH) and the magnetic isotropic hydrogel (MIH). In addition, the present study revealed that the dual anisotropic properties of the MAH activated the NOTCH1/2 pathway by upregulating SNHG5 and downstream SIRT6, which modulates the level of NOTCH1/2 by antagonizing DNMT1 protein stability, ultimately inducing the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Furthermore, the MAH, MIH, and PGH were tested for in vivo bone regeneration in rabbits with femur defects, and the results demonstrated that the MAH effectively stimulated bone regeneration. Taken together, these findings suggest that this magnetically and topographically anisotropic biomimetic hydrogel might be a promising candidate for application in the field of bone tissue regeneration.
Molecular basis promoting centriole triplet microtubule assembly
Authors: Takeda Yutaka , Chinen Takumi , Honda Shunnosuke , Takatori Sho , Okuda Shotaro , Yamamoto Shohei , Fukuyama Masamitsu , Takeuchi Koh , Tomita Taisuke , Hata Shoji , Kitagawa Daiju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe triplet microtubule, a core structure of centrioles crucial for the organization of centrosomes, cilia, and flagella, consists of unclosed incomplete microtubules. The mechanisms of its assembly represent a fundamental open question in biology. Here, we discover that the ciliopathy protein HYLS1 and the β-tubulin isotype TUBB promote centriole triplet microtubule assembly. HYLS1 or a C-terminal tail truncated version of TUBB generates tubulin-based superstructures composed of centriole-like incomplete microtubule chains when overexpressed in human cells. AlphaFold-based structural models and mutagenesis analyses further suggest that the ciliopathy-related residue D211 of HYLS1 physically traps the wobbling C-terminal tail of TUBB, thereby suppressing its inhibitory role in the initiation of the incomplete microtubule assembly. Overall, our findings provide molecular insights into the biogenesis of atypical microtubule architectures conserved for over a billion years.
Single-atom platinum with asymmetric coordination environment on fully conjugated covalent organic framework for efficient electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Zhang Zhe , Chen Cailing , Wang Rui , Xie Minggang , Wan Sheng , Zhang Ruige , Cong Linchuan , Lu Haiyan , Han Yu , Xing Wei , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives have been widely applied as electrocatalysts owing to their unique nanoscale pore configurations, stable periodic structures, abundant coordination sites and high surface area. This work aims to construct a non-thermodynamically stable Pt-N2 coordination active site by electrochemically modifying platinum (Pt) single atoms into a fully conjugated 2D COF as conductive agent-free and pyrolysis-free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In addition to maximizing atomic utilization, single-atom catalysts with definite structures can be used to investigate catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. In this work, in-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that a nitrogen-rich graphene analogue COF not only exhibits a favorable metal-support effect for Pt, adjusting the binding energy between Pt sites to H* intermediates by forming unique Pt-N2 instead of the typical Pt-N4 coordination environment, but also enhances electron transport ability and structural stability, showing both conductivity and stability in acidic environments.
Multiscale reconfiguration induced highly saturated poling in lead-free piezoceramics for giant energy conversion
Authors: Lin Jinfeng , Qian Jin , Ge Guanglong , Yang Yuxuan , Li Jiangfan , Wu Xiao , Li Guohui , Wang Simin , Liu Yingchun , Zhang Jialiang , Zhai Jiwei , Shi Xiaoming , Wu Haijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of high-performance lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based piezoceramics for replacing commercial lead-containing counterparts is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable society. Although the proposed new phase boundaries (NPB) can effectively improve the piezoelectricity of KNN-based ceramics, the difficulty of achieving saturated poling and the underlying multiscale structures resolution of their complex microstructures are urgent issues. Here, we employ a medium entropy strategy to design NPB and utilize texture engineering to induce crystal orientation. The developed K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics enjoys both prominent piezoelectric performance and satisfactory Curie temperature, thus exhibiting an ultrahigh energy harvesting performance as well as excellent transducer performance, which is highly competitive in both lead-free and lead-based piezoceramics. Comprehensive structural analysis have ascertained that the field-induced efficient multiscale polarization configurations irreversible transitions greatly encourages high saturated poling. This study demonstrates a strategy for designing high-performance piezoceramics and establishes a close correlation between the piezoelectricty and the underlying multiscale structures.
The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 rs671 variant enhances amyloid β pathology
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Jiayu , Chen Yashuang , Qian Xiaojing , Luo Shiqi , Wang Xue , Ma Chao , Ge Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the ALDH2 rs671 variant, a guanine changes to an adenine, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Population-based data are contradictory about whether this variant increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. In East Asian populations, the prevalence of the ALDH2 rs671 variant is 30–50%, making the National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function (the largest brain bank in East Asia) an important resource to explore the link between the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Here, using 469 postmortem brains, we find that while the ALDH2 rs671 variant is associated with increased plaque deposits and a higher Aβ40/42 ratio, it is not an independent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Mechanistically, we show that lower ALDH2 activity leads to 4-HNE accumulation in the brain. The (R)−4-HNE enantiomer adducts to residue Lys53 of C99, favoring Aβ40 generation in the Golgi apparatus. Decreased ALDH2 activity also lowers inflammatory factor secretion, as well as amyloid β phagocytosis and spread in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. We thus define the relationship between the ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and amyloid β pathology, and find that ALDH2 rs671 is a key regulator of Aβ40 or Aβ42 generation.
Versatile human cardiac tissues engineered with perfusable heart extracellular microenvironment for biomedical applications
Authors: Min Sungjin , Kim Suran , Sim Woo-Sup , Choi Yi Sun , Joo Hyebin , Park Jae-Hyun , Lee Su-Jin , Kim Hyeok , Lee Mi Jeong , Jeong Inhea , Cui Baofang , Jo Sung-Hyun , Kim Jin-Ju , Hong Seok Beom , Choi Yeon-Jik , Ban Kiwon , Kim Yun-Gon , Park Jang-Ung , Lee Hyang-Ae , Park Hun-Jun , Cho Seung-Woo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEngineered human cardiac tissues have been utilized for various biomedical applications, including drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, the applications of cardiac tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells are often limited due to their immaturity and lack of functionality. Therefore, in this study, we establish a perfusable culture system based on in vivo-like heart microenvironments to improve human cardiac tissue fabrication. The integrated culture platform of a microfluidic chip and a three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix enhances human cardiac tissue development and their structural and functional maturation. These tissues are comprised of cardiovascular lineage cells, including cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells. The resultant macroscale human cardiac tissues exhibit improved efficacy in drug testing (small molecules with various levels of arrhythmia risk), disease modeling (Long QT Syndrome and cardiac fibrosis), and regenerative therapy (myocardial infarction treatment). Therefore, our culture system can serve as a highly effective tissue-engineering platform to provide human cardiac tissues for versatile biomedical applications.
Reduction of Li+ within a borate anion
Authors: Li Haokun , Yao Jiachen , Xu Gan , Yiu Shek-Man , Siu Chi-Kit , Wang Zhen , Peng Yung-Kang , Xie Yi , Wang Ying , Lu Zhenpin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGroup 1 elements exhibit the lowest electronegativity values in the Periodic Table. The chemical reduction of Group 1 metal cations M+ to M(0) is extremely challenging. Common tetraaryl borates demonstrate limited redox properties and are prone to decomposition upon oxidation. In this study, by employing simple yet versatile bipyridines as ligands, we synthesized a series of redox-active borate anions characterized by NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Notably, the borate anion can realize the reduction of Li+, generating elemental lithium metal and boron radical, thereby demonstrating its potent reducing ability. Furthermore, it can serve as a powerful two-electron-reducing reagent and be readily applied in various reductive homo-coupling reactions and Birch reduction of acridine. Additionally, this borate anion demonstrates its catalytic ability in the selective two-electron reduction of CO2 into CO.
Ab initio theory of the nonequilibrium adsorption energy
Authors: Lee Juho , Yeo Hyeonwoo , Lee Ryong-Gyu , Kim Yong-Hoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile first-principles calculations of electrode-molecule adsorption play an indispensable role in obtaining atomic-level understanding in surface science and electrochemistry, a significant challenge remains because the adsorption energy is well-defined only in equilibrium. Herein, a theory to calculate the electric enthalpy for electrified interfaces is formulated within the multi-space constrained-search density functional theory (MS-DFT), which provides the nonequilibrium total energy of a nanoscale electrode-channel-electrode junction. An additional MS-DFT calculation for the electrode-only counterpart that maintains the same bias voltage allows one to identify the internal energy of the channel as well as the electric field and the channel polarization, which together determine the electric enthalpy and the nonequilibrium adsorption energy. Application of the developed scheme to the water-Au and water-graphene interface models shows that the Au and graphene electrodes induce very different behaviors in terms of the electrode potential-dependent stabilization of water configurations. The theory developed here will be a valuable tool in the ongoing effort to obtain atomic-scale understanding of bias-dependent molecular reorganizations in electrified interfaces.
Complexity of crack front geometry enhances toughness of brittle solids
Authors: Wei Xinyue , Li Chenzhuo , McCarthy Cían , Kolinski John M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrittle solids typically fail by growth and propagation of a crack from a surface flaw. This process is modelled using linear elastic fracture mechanics, which parameterizes the toughness of a material by the critical stress intensity factor, or the prefactor of the singular stress field. This widely used theory applies for cracks that are planar, but cracks typically are not planar, and instead are geometrically complex, violating core tenets of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Here we characterize the crack tip kinematics of complex crack fronts in three dimensions using optical microscopy of several transparent, brittle materials, including hydrogels of four different chemistries and an elastomer. We find that the critical strain energy required to drive the crack is directly proportional to the geodesic length of the crack, which makes the sample effectively tougher. The connection between crack front geometry and toughness has repercussions for the theoretical modelling of three-dimensional cracks, from engineering testing of materials to ab-initio development of novel materials, and highlights an important gap in the current theory for three-dimensional cracks.
Simulation of interfacial debonding in hollow particle reinforced composites with VCFEM
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Zhang Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe addition of hollow glass microsphere into composites is a method to improve mechanical properties. However, the interfacial debonding of hollow microsphere inevitably causes a decrease in the mechanical properties of the material, which ultimately leads to the failure of the composites. In the numerical simulation of such hollow particle-reinforced composites, the ordinary displacement finite element requires a large number of meshes, which undoubtedly greatly increases the computational cost. In this paper, a new VCFEM is proposed to solve this problem by establishing a two-dimensional Voronoi cell finite element model, deriving the residual energy generalized function of hollow particle-reinforced composites, and calculating the interface debonding. The simulation results are compared with the commercial software MARC, ABAQUS to verify the effectiveness of this VCFEM. The results show that this VCFEM greatly improves the computational efficiency while ensuring the accuracy. Based on this model, this paper also investigates the effect of the generation of interfacial debonding on the overall structure and the effect of different wall thickness of hollow particles on the damage of element debonding.
Numerical simulation of shoegear-rail coupling vibration under different initial contact forces
Authors: Xing Tong , Peng Peihuo , Pan Like , Yang Caizhi , He Fan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs cities have grown, conductor rail power supplies have been widely used in the field of urban rail transit. In order to improve the running performance of trains and reduce the occurrence of accidents, it is necessary to understand the vibration of shoegear-rail system under different initial contact forces and explore the dynamic performance of shoegear-rail system. Therefore, according to the structure of shoegear-rail system, a coupling model of shoegear-rail system is established in this paper. On the basis of the model, the numerical simulation of the shoegear-rail system under different initial contact forces is carried out, and finally the vibration data of the shoegear-rail system under different initial contact forces are obtained. The results show that with the increase of initial contact force in the range of 70–160 N, the vibration amplitude of the electric shoegear and the fluctuation amplitude of the contact force increase, but the maximum absolute shear force value of the conductor rail decreases. It indicates that the lower initial contact force, the better the performance of shoegear-rail system.