bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between visitors and Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) at Shou‐Shan Nature Park, Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Minna J. , Kao Chien‐Ching , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEcotourism involving feeding wildlife has raised public attention and is a controversial issue, especially concerning nonhuman primates. Between July 2002 and April 2005, the behavior of monkeys and tourists was collected through scan samplings, focal samplings and behavior samplings at the Shou‐Shan Nature Park located in Taiwan's second largest city—Kaohsiung. In addition, the number of tourists and monkeys was counted in different hours and places within the park. Four hundred visitors were interviewed using a questionnaire to gather data on sex, age, purpose and frequency of visit to the park. The number of tourists was significantly higher during weekends than in weekdays in all locations. Humans dominated in the initiation of interspecies interactions—the overall ratio of human‐initiated and monkey‐initiated interactions was 2.44:1. Human–monkey conflicts accounted for only 16.4% of the total interactions (n=2,166), and adult human males and adult male macaques participated in higher rates than other age/sex groups in these conflicts. Visitors showed more affiliative behavior (15.9%) than agonistic behavior (8%) toward the macaques. In response to visitors' threat or attack, the Formosan macaques mostly showed submissive behavior with bared teeth, squealed or ran away to avoid confrontation (69.1%)—only few responded with counteraggression (18.7%). This study for the first time provided evidence that food provisioning increased both the frequency and duration of aggression among Formosan macaques (P<0.001). During food provisioning, the average frequency and the duration of agonistic events of macaques were more than 4 times higher compared with those without food provisioning. The average frequency of food provision by tourists was 0.73 times/hr—more than twice the incident that monkeys grabbed the food from tourists (0.34 times/hr). If people refrain from feeding monkeys and destroying the city park's natural vegetation, monkeys can be used to educate public about nature conservation in an urban setting. Am. J. Primatol. 71:214–222, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable isotope evidence for the consumption of millet and other plants in Bronze Age Italy
Authors: Tafuri Mary Anne , Craig Oliver E. , Canci Alessandro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was carried out on human and animal bones from four inland Early and Middle Bronze Age sites in Northern and Southern Italy. The main aims of the investigation were to explore the contribution of plant foods to the human diet and to examine any dietary differences between and within each of the sites. At two of the sites in Northern Italy, human and animal bones were significantly enriched in 13C. This finding was attributed to the consumption of domestic millets (Panicum miliaceum and/or Setaria italica), which are C4 pathway plants. Conversely, individuals from the two Bronze Age sites in Southern Italy were significantly depleted in 13C compared to those from the north. Here, millet was absent from the diet, and protein from C3 plants made a much greater dietary contribution than animal protein. This finding highlights the importance of cereal cultivation, most likely of wheat and barley, in the south of Italy during the Bronze Age. Overall, our results support the idea that the widespread cultivation of millet first occurred in Northern Italy, following its introduction from across the Alps in Central Europe. Finally, we found no significant differences in the stable isotope values between individuals at each site, when grouped by their sex or presence of grave goods. This leads to the conclusion that any status difference that may have existed is not reflected in the long‐term dietary record, or at least not as measurable by stable isotope analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topography characterization and initial cellular interaction of plasma‐based Ar+ beam‐treated PDMS surfaces
Authors: Keranov I. , Vladkova T. G. , Minchev M. , Kostadinova A. , Altankov G. , Dineff P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAssuming that the existence of an ion‐flow in the plasma volume could strength the surface modifying effect, including its durability, a parallel plate reactor in reactive ion etching mode was employed to obtain surface modified PDMS with improved cellular interaction. The discharge power was varied at 100, 1200, and 2500 W to ensure varied ion‐flow density. The changes in the surface topography were observed by SEM and AFM, and the surface roughness was characterized by both: mean roughness, Ra, and root‐mean‐square, Rq. Time dependent water contact angle measurements were performed to control the durability of the hydrophilizing effect. Anisotropic etching, accompanied with decrease of the PDMS surface roughness, was observed up to discharge power of 1200 W that turns in intense isotropic one, accompanied with a sharp increase of the surface roughness over 1200 W, most probably because of arise of reverse sputtered neutrals diffracting the main plasma Ar+ flow. Human fibroblasts were applied as an in vitro model to learn more about the initial cellular interaction of the modified surfaces and to identify the optimal treatment conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanowebs prepared by an electrospinning process
Authors: Kimmer Dušan , Slobodian Petr , Petráš David , Zatloukal Martin , Olejník Robert , Sáha Petr 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) and PU/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite nanofibers, both with diameters of 350 nm, were prepared by an electrospinning process from PU dimethylformamide solutions. The appearance of nanowebs in PU/MWCNT nanofiber structures containing PU fibers with diameters of 20–40 nm was observed. The existence of these structures could have been based on the occurrence of strong secondary electric fields, which were created between individual conducting MWCNTs (distributed in the PU/MWCNT nanocomposites), which started to behave as the local moving nanoelectrodes promoting the creation of additional very fine nanowebs during the electrospinning processes. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing nanowebs from synthetic polymers prepared by an electrospinning process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Immobilized metal ions cellophane–PGMA‐grafted membranes for affinity separation of β‐galactosidase enzyme. I. Preparation and characterization
Authors: Mohy Eldin M. S. , Soliman E. A. , Hassan E. A. , Abu‐Saied M. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractImmobilized Cu2+ ions affinity cellophane–poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA)‐grafted membranes have been prepared through three steps. The first step was introducing of epoxy groups to its chemical structure through grafting process with PGMA. Factors affecting the grafting process have been studied and grafting percentage (GP) up to 233% has been obtained. The second step was converting the introduced epoxy groups to sulfonic ones. It was found that maximum amount of sulfonic groups (2.7 mmol/g) was obtained with minimum GP (46.08%). The third and last step was the immobilization of Cu2+ ions into sulfonated grafted membranes obtained from the previous step. Maximum amount of immobilized Cu2+ ions was found to be 60.9 ppm per gram of polymer. The verification of the grafting and sulfonation steps has been performed through characterization of the obtained membranes using FTIR, TGA, and EDAX analysis. Finally, Cu2+‐immobilized membranes have been evaluated in separation of β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal) enzyme from its mixture with bovine serum albumin (BSA) in different pH medium. Maximum protein adsorption, for both proteins, has been obtained at pH range 4–4.5; as 90 and 45% for β‐Gal and BSA, respectively. The results showed high affinity toward β‐Gal separation although BSA concentration (0.5%) is 20‐folds of β‐Gal (0.025%). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Characterization and Classification of Zebrafish Brain Morphology Mutants
Authors: Lowery Laura Anne , De Rienzo Gianluca , Gutzman Jennifer H. , Sive Hazel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe mechanisms by which the vertebrate brain achieves its three‐dimensional structure are clearly complex, requiring the functions of many genes. Using the zebrafish as a model, we have begun to define genes required for brain morphogenesis, including brain ventricle formation, by studying 16 mutants previously identified as having embryonic brain morphology defects. We report the phenotypic characterization of these mutants at several timepoints, using brain ventricle dye injection, imaging, and immunohistochemistry with neuronal markers. Most of these mutants display early phenotypes, affecting initial brain shaping, whereas others show later phenotypes, affecting brain ventricle expansion. In the early phenotype group, we further define four phenotypic classes and corresponding functions required for brain morphogenesis. Although we did not use known genotypes for this classification, basing it solely on phenotypes, many mutants with defects in functionally related genes clustered in a single class. In particular, Class 1 mutants show midline separation defects, corresponding to epithelial junction defects; Class 2 mutants show reduced brain ventricle size; Class 3 mutants show midbrain–hindbrain abnormalities, corresponding to basement membrane defects; and Class 4 mutants show absence of ventricle lumen inflation, corresponding to defective ion pumping. Later brain ventricle expansion requires the extracellular matrix, cardiovascular circulation, and transcription/splicing‐dependent events. We suggest that these mutants define processes likely to be used during brain morphogenesis throughout the vertebrates. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogenetic Patterning of Cortical Bone Microstructure and Geometry at the Human Mid‐Shaft Femur
Authors: Goldman H.M. , Mcfarlin S.C. , Cooper D.M.L. , Thomas C.D.L. , Clement J.G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe bone growth process has long‐lasting effects on adult bone structure and mechanical adaptation, yet the tissue level dynamics of growth are poorly studied. The specific aims of this study were to (1) quantify changes in bone size and shape through ontogeny, (2) describe the distribution of tissue types and patterns of cortical drift and expansion through ontogeny, and (3) explore relationships between cortical drift and ontogenetic variation geometric size and shape. The study utilized 14 juvenile (ages 2–19) mid‐shaft femur blocks removed at autopsy from individuals who died suddenly. Eighty‐μm‐thick sections were imaged using polarized and brightfield microscopy. For descriptive purposes the sample was divided into five age groups. Features of collagen fiber matrix orientation, vascularity (e.g., pore orientation and density), and osteocyte lacunar density and shape were used to classify primary and secondary tissue types in LM images. This information, combined with evaluation of resorptive versus depositional bone surfaces, was used to identify cortical drift direction. A pattern of posterior and medial drift was identified at the mid‐shaft femur in the toddler years. The drift pattern shifts antero‐laterally in late childhood, predating the appearance of a more adult‐like geometry. On the basis of the presence of transitional fibrolamellar bone complex, growth is more rapid during the toddler years and peri‐puberty, and slower in early to late childhood and in later adolescence. Extensive variability in histological and geometric organization typifies the sample, particularly beginning in late childhood. The potential implications of this variability for adult fracture risk warrant further study. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene Expression Profiling in TWIST‐Depleted Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Feng Mei‐Yan , Wang Kuan , Shi Qing‐Tao , YU Xiu‐Wen , Geng Jing‐Shu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTWIST is an important transcription factor during embryonic development and has recently been found to promote the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon seen during the initial steps of tumor metastasis. To further investigate the potential targets and interacting genes of TWIST in human gastric cancer, we performed microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles in HGC‐27 cells, with or without small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated depletion of TWIST. Our results showed that NF1, RAP1A, SRPX, RBL2, PFDN4, ILK, F2R, ERBB3, and MYB were up‐regulated, whereas AKR1C2, FOS, GDF15, NR2F1, ATM, and CTPS were down‐regulated after TWIST depletion. Moreover, TWIST‐depleted HGC‐27 cells showed a reversal of the morphologic and molecular changes associated with EMT. These results provide evidence that TWIST regulates the expression of several genes involved in the differentiation, adhesion, and proliferation of gastric cancer cells. The role of TWIST in the development of certain types of gastric cancer is discussed. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatitis‐Associated Protein Is Related Closely to Neoplastic Proliferative Activity in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Cao Guang , Ma Jing , Zhang Yafang , Liu Baoquan , Li Fei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPancreatitis‐associated protein (PAP) is a secretory protein that is not only expressed during acute pancreatitis but also in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal carcinoma. Expression in carcinoma might be another characteristic of PAP. The aim of our study was to assess, in 27 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma, the expression of the PAP mRNA and to evaluate its association with DNA ploidy and proliferative activity (S‐phase fraction, SPF) by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and flow cytometric analysis (FCM). PAP mRNA was expressed in 29.6% (8 of 27) of the patients with colorectal carcinoma. DNA aneuploid and high SPF were found in 87.5% (7 of 8) of patients with PAP mRNA positive colorectal carcinoma. The serum PAP level was significantly elevated in patients with colorectal carcinoma when compared with the healthy subjects. Twelve of the 27 patients with colorectal carcinoma had high serum PAP concentrations (>25 ng/mL) and the mean SPF was 17.82% ± 8.02%, which was significantly higher compared with the normal colorectal tissue group (7.33% ± 3.18%, P < 0.05). The mean serum PAP concentration of DNA aneuploidy colorectal carcinomas was 46.67 ± 17.58 ng/mL, which was significantly different when compared with the DNA diploidy group (19.18 ± 8.89 ng/mL, P < 0.05). PAP mRNA expression and serum PAP levels are closely related to neoplastic proliferative activity in patients with colorectal carcinoma. No significant differences are observed between PAP mRNA expression and clinicopathologic parameters (P > 0.05). Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung Development of Monotremes: Evidence for the Mammalian Morphotype
Authors: Ferner Kirsten , Zeller Ulrich , Renfree Marilyn B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reproductive strategies and the extent of development of neonates differ markedly between the three extant mammalian groups: the Monotremata, Marsupialia, and Eutheria. Monotremes and marsupials produce highly altricial offspring whereas the neonates of eutherian mammals range from altricial to precocial. The ability of the newborn mammal to leave the environment in which it developed depends highly on the degree of maturation of the cardio‐respiratory system at the time of birth. The lung structure is thus a reflection of the metabolic capacity of neonates. The lung development in monotremes (Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Tachyglossus aculeatus), in one marsupial (Monodelphis domestica), and one altricial eutherian (Suncus murinus) species was examined. The results and additional data from the literature were integrated into a morphotype reconstruction of the lung structure of the mammalian neonate. The lung parenchyma of monotremes and marsupials was at the early terminal air sac stage at birth, with large terminal air sacs. The lung developed slowly. In contrast, altricial eutherian neonates had more advanced lungs at the late terminal air sac stage and postnatally, lung maturation proceeded rapidly. The mammalian lung is highly conserved in many respects between monotreme, marsupial, and eutherian species and the structural differences in the neonatal lungs can be explained mainly by different developmental rates. The lung structure of newborn marsupials and monotremes thus resembles the ancestral condition of the mammalian lung at birth, whereas the eutherian newborns have a more mature lung structure. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation ofN‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl Derivatives of Benzo‐ and Pyridopyridazinones
Authors: Pakulska Wanda , Malinowski Zbigniew , Szczesniak Aleksandra K. , Czarnecka Elzbieta , Epsztajn Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNewN‐(dimethylamino)ethyl derivatives of phthalazinones and pyridopyridazinones7,9were synthesized and assayed as potential analgesic agents in the hot‐plate, tail‐flick, and writhing tests. Pharmacological assay demonstrated that eight (in ten) of the newly synthesized compounds showed antinociceptive activity. Especially, 2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]‐4‐phenyl‐2H‐phthalazin‐1‐one7ashowed remarkably higher antinociceptive activity in all tests. This is connected with influence on supraspinal, spinal, and peripheral structures. The decreased sensitivity to the pain stimulus in the hot‐plate was higher than that of metamizole.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 2‐[4‐(Substituted Piperazin‐/Piperidin‐1‐ylcarbonyl)phenyl]‐1H‐benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Kus Canan , Sözüdönmez Fatma , Altanlar Nurten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of several new 4‐(1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzamides (11–30) and 5‐chloro‐1‐(p‐fluorobenzyl)‐2‐{4‐[(4‐methylpiperazin‐1‐yl)carbonyl]phenyl}‐1H‐benzimidazole (33). Compound 20 exhibited the best antibacterial activity with MIC value of 6.25 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Significant antifungal activities were obtained with the compounds 13, 14, 18, 19, and 33 with MIC values of 3.12 μg/mL which are close to fluconazole.
Influence of the dye presence on the conformational preferences of CREKA, a tumor homing linear pentapeptide
Authors: Zanuy David , Curcó David , Nussinov Ruth , Alemán Carlos 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe conformational properties of the Cys‐Arg‐Glu‐Lys‐Ala (CREKA) peptide sequence labeled with fluorescein, a fluorescent dye attached to the Cys through a flexible linker have been examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The CREKA sequence has been identified as a tumor‐homing peptide that effectively binds to clotted plasma proteins. Before conformational exploration, the molecular geometry, basicity and spectroscopic properties of this dye, which is essential for the imaging the peptide activity, have been examined using quantum mechanical calculations, with the results also allowing determination of the force‐field parameters required for classical simulations. Minimum energy conformations derived from the conformational search have been classified using clustering analyses with criteria based on both the existence of interactions and backbone geometric similarity. The results have been compared with those reported for isolated CREKA (peptide without dye). We found that the fluorescein affects the energy distribution of the minimum energy conformations, with the repulsive steric interactions induced by the dye producing shifting the distribution towards higher energy values. Interestingly, although the structural characteristics of the bioactive conformation identified for CREKA are not perturbed by the dye, it is less stable when the peptide is attached to the dye than in other chemical environments previously studied (isolated peptide, peptide attached to the surface of a protein, and peptide inserted in a phage display protein). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 83–93, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Constructing a legitimate history: crisis, legitimacy, and the atlantic schools of Business Conferences
Authors: Long Brad , Pyper Rhonda , Rostis Adam 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Atlantic Schools of Business (ASB) conference is one of the longest running academic business conferences in Canada. It continued without the structure of an organizing committee for 34 years. In its 35th year, however, a formal structure was adopted. The adoption of formal structure provides an opportunity to look critically at the change process from various perspectives. This paper takes three interrelated approaches: reviews of archival material to provide context; surveys of ASB membership to ascertain individual perceptions of the organization's purpose; and interviews with key individuals involved in the change process to examine the decision to formalize. Our analysis shows that perceived organizational crisis and a search for enhanced legitimacy can precipitate isomorphism and exclude alternative avenues for change. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic ambidexterity and performance in international new ventures
Authors: Han Mary , Celly Nikhil 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe drew on the literature on ambidextrous organizations to propose that international new ventures (INVs) that concurrently pursue paradoxical pairs of strategies—known as the capability of strategic ambidexterity—can achieve superior performance. These paradoxical strategies are: (a) few investments and many countries, and (b) standardization and innovation. Our hypotheses were tested using data from 70 Canadian INVs. This is the first study that attempts to theoretically and empirically link ambidexterity and INV performance. Our findings suggest that INVs that are capable of pursuing and implementing paradoxical strategies achieve superior performance over those lacking such capability. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thirty years of international business scholarship in Canada
Authors: Rugman Alan M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUpon the invitation of the Hemant Merchant (Editor, Strategic Management and International Business Division) I have reviewed the development of international business (IB) scholarship in Canada and related this to my own research conducted while I was a faculty member at the University of Winnipeg 1970–79, Concordia University 1979–80, Dalhousie University 1980–87, and the University of Toronto 1987–98. I have developed a retrospective analysis of four key thematic areas of research that are specifically relevant in a Canadian context. Copyright © 2008 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.