bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clues to causes of deformation features in coastal sea ice
Authors: Kozo Thomas L. , Farmer L. Dennis , Fett Robert W. , Sodhi Devinder S. 
Published: October 2006

Finding clues to the physical processes responsible for interesting sea‐ice features in the Robeson Channel and Lincoln Sea and developing methods to extract this evidence provide stimulating challenges to the Arctic remote‐sensing community.The normal [open season] for ice drift through Robeson Channel (Figure 1), which divides the land masses, is June–December. The channel ice drift is normally to the south due to a combination of prevailing northerly winds and semidiurnal tidal currents that are stronger on flood tide than on ebb tide [Keys et al., 1974].
Preliminary results of Canary‐Bahamas geotransect project
Authors: Maschenkov Sergei , Pogrebitsky Yulian 
Published: October 2006

Since 1980, affiliates of the Russian Geological Committee (formerly part of the USSR Ministry of Geology) operating under the auspices of the Russian Ocean Geotransect Program have been performing geological and geophysical investigations over wide swaths of typical oceanic crust in the Atlantic and Indian oceans. A primary objective is to produce, rapidly and economically, an accurate digital data base to further our understanding of the oceanic lithosphere's origin and structure and to develop regional assessments of mineral and hydrocarbon potentials.Over the next 15 years, the Russian Ocean Geotransect Program is projected to complete the mapping of a total of eleven transoceanic swaths that characterize practically all tectonic regimes and typical morphostructures of the world ocean (Figure 1). Located in key regions, these profiles represent new opportunities for crustal and lithospheric mapping; many of the locations relate to completed and planned JOIDES (Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling) drilling sites.
New strength at headquarters
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

“The new departmental structure at headquarters focuses the talent of four senior professionals on the major program areas critical to the membership. I am delighted that Pat Setser, Mary Ann Emely, and Gene Bierly have joined Judy Holoviak and me,” said Executive Director Fred Spilhaus on the completion of a staff restructuring at AGU. The new structure will provide a base for the Union's future growth as the needs of the geophysical sciences grow and their importance to society is more broadly recognized, he added.The most recent addition is Eugene W. Bierly, who heads the Education and Research Programs directorate. He came to AGU on September 21 from the National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric Sciences, where he was director since 1974.
Flat budgets for NSF, NASA in ‘93
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Congress has finalized the budgets of the National Science Foundation and NASA for fiscal year 1993. NSF received a 6.3% increase over last year—$2,733 billion, compared to the $3,027 billion request. Research has been cut by $13 million below the 1992 level, to $1,859 billion, with Congress advising NSF to plunder its new headquarters fund to make up the difference.Funding for NSF's education programs will increase by $222 million over this year, to $487 million. Instrumentation and facilities rises from $33 to $50 million.
The Ocean Sciences section: Who are we?
Authors: Spiess Fred Noel 
Published: October 2006

During the past 2‐year cycle of AGU governance, some of us began discussing whether the Ocean Sciences Section was providing adequate representation for its heterogeneous membership. From these discussions emerged a proposal to organize the section into subdivisions to emphasize our diversity, to stimulate a full range of special sessions, and to assure that we will interact with the Union and outside organizations in ways compatible with the diverse interests of our members.As these discussions progressed, it became clear that those involved were working with a variety of assumptions about the composition and interests of our membership, but there were no data to support any particular view. We therefore decided to devise a simple questionnaire to find the distributions of our members' fields of activity and their interests in AGU meetings and publications.
Birch remembered at Fall Union Session
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Francis Birch, geophysicist, 1960 Bowie medalist, AGU Fellow, and past‐president of the Tectonophysics Section (1953–1956) passed away on January 30. AGU is honoring his contributions to geophysics with the session “Francis Birch and the Solid Earth: A Memorial Retrospective,” at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco.The full‐day Union session will feature both oral and poster presentations and will cover the many topics of Birch's studies of the Earth's mantle, crust, and core.
Comments pour in to NSF Commission
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Board Commission on the Future of NSF held its second meeting on October 16. This meeting, and the meetings of NSF's Physics Advisory Committee, present a clearer picture of the commission's upcoming report.The commission has been overwhelmed by mail from the scientific community. Hundreds of letters have been received, and they are still pouring in. Mail is from individuals, governors, NSF staff, industry, and numerous professional organizations. Commission members are reading this mail and reacting favorably to it. They agreed to continue accepting comments past last week's deadline, although they will not necessarily read all late correspondence.
“Earth & Sky” Series receives NSF Support
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

“Earth & Sky,” the new Earth and space science radio series produced in association with AGU, has received a major 3‐year grant from the National Science Foundation. Through this grant, “Earth & Sky” is now offered free to any radio station upon request.During the grant period, “Earth & Sky” will encourage businesses and scientific organizations to sponsor the program on their local radio station. By becoming local sponsors, organizations will have the opportunity to be recognized in their communities and to participate in science education for relatively low cost.
Goldin explains New NASA Goals
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Many in the space science community are wondering why NASA administrator Daniel S. Goldin announced a sudden restructuring of the agency on October 15 (Eos, October 27). The shake‐up saw a split in the Office of Space Science and Applications into the office of Mission to Planetary Earth, which will include all the Earth sciences, and the Office of Planetary Science and Astrophysics.The restructuring, he said, is an attempt to align the agency with the new goals, which he outlined in an address to the Space Science and Applications Advisory Board (SSAAC) on November 5. Claiming that NASA's role has never been stated to the public and that Congress does not understand the agency's role, Goldin sought to clarify future directions for the agency.
Energy Bill addresses global change issues
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Some energy implications of global warming were targeted in Title XVI of the Comprehensive National Energy Policy Act (HR776), which President Bush signed into law on October 24. Versions of the bill have undergone much debate and revision in both the House and Senate over the past several months.The bill calls for the establishment of an Interagency Coordinating Council, which will oversee reports dictated by the bill. For example, the council will compare alternative policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (emission caps, efficiency standards, and emissions trading). The council will be made up of the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Interior, and representatives of other appropriate federal agencies.
Andrew shortens lifetime of Louisiana Barrier Islands
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Because the Isles Dernieres, a series of four barrier islands off the coast of Louisiana, have one of the most rapidly eroding shorelines in the world, geologists at the U.S. Geological Survey and the Louisiana Geological Survey have been monitoring erosion activity over the last several years, said Jeff Williams of the USGS in Reston, Va. Hurricane Andrew, which struck the state on August 26, caused severe erosional damage to these islands that has shortened their lifetimes.Before Andrew struck, geologists projected that Raccoon Island would disappear below sea level by the year 2001 and that Whiskey Island would disappear by 2016. Now, due to the severe erosion from Hurricane Andrew, the scientists claim that the islands may disappear before the turn of the century, and the other islands in the Dernieres chain are expected to follow suit within 2 decades. Raccoon, Whiskey, Trinity, and East islands make up the Isles Dernieres, which existed as one island, known as the Isle Derniere, before an 1856 hurricane and subsequent erosion.
T. C. Chamberlin and H2O climate feedbacks: A voice from the past
Authors: Fleming James R. 
Published: October 2006

The interaction of positive and negative climate feedbacks has become a central issue for the global change science community. With many expecting surface air temperatures to rise several degrees due to increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases, the response of H2O (water vapor, liquid, solid) is critical. Will higher temperatures and increased evaporation lead to an enhanced greenhouse effect, especially over the tropical oceans, or will increased cloudiness effectively cap the increase in temperatures? [see Ramanathan and Collins, 1991, 1992; Stephens and Slingo, 1992].“Greenhouse Warming and Cloud Thermostats” is the name of a talk to be given by V. Ramanathan during the Atmospheric Sciences Section luncheon at the AGU 1992 Fall Meeting on December 8. This topic invites comparison between the current H2O feedback hypotheses and work begun almost a century ago by the celebrated geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin (1843–1928) at the University of Chicago [Gillispie, 1970–1980; Schultz, 1976]. Briefly, here are some of Chamberlin's ideas on the roles of water vapor and clouds.
Status of hazard mitigation studies
Authors: Blue Charles 
Published: October 2006

This year has been one of the most costly years ever recorded for natural disasters. Researchers now studying these events are trying to better understand their evolution and impact to help minimize losses from future disasters.In “Rapid Response to Natural Hazard Mitigation,” a special Union session at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, researchers studying natural hazards will discuss the current status of hazard mitigation and reveal how new technologies are being applied to earthquake, tsunami, and volcanic monitoring programs to reduce future losses.
Global forcing and regional interactions
Authors: Pielke R. A. , Schimel D. , Kittel T. G. F. , Bretherton F. 
Published: October 2006

The Climate System Modeling Program (CSMP) sponsored a “Global Forcing and Regional Interaction Workshop” from October 21 to 23, 1991, at Colorado State University's Pingree Park campus, to evaluate the relationship between global climate forcing and the response of the land surface on a regional scale.The general aim of the workshop was to develop specific action plans and preliminary science research strategies for regionalglobal interactions. Each participant was invited to identify tractable, high pay‐off science issues related to global forcing and regional interactions. The workshop, with twenty‐six participants about evenly split between atmospheric scientists, hydrologists, and ecologists, was also designed to facilitate a network of collaborators to prepare multidisciplinary research proposals. Discussion also focused on regional climate over the last 200 years and included the influence of atmosphere‐land surface processes on natural climate variability. Several major recommendations were made on topics discussed.
Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit
Authors: Lang Valerie 
Published: October 2006

For concerned scientists frustrated by more than a decade of “business as usual” national economic and energy policy in the face of growing environmental consequences, Al Gore's book, Earth in the Balance: Ecology and the Human Spirit, can be viewed as a source for optimism.Twenty‐five years of world travel and studies of the Earth's ecological problems led Gore to publish his conclusions on the environment during his campaign for vicepresident of the United States. As a member of a Congressional system that relies to a great extent on the news media, legislative staff, and second‐hand reports as information sources, Gore is to be commended for devoting so much time to his personal study of the environment.
NASA's small planetary mission plan released
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

A ten‐page report just submitted to Congress outlines a new strategy for NASA planetary programs emphasizing small missions. If implemented, this plan would represent a shift away from large “flagship” missions that have characterized many programs of NASA's Solar System Exploration Division.There are a number of reasons for this shift in strategy. The current NASA appropriations bill requires “a plan to stimulate and develop small planetary or other space science projects, emphasizing those which could be accomplished by the academic or research communities.” Budgetary realities make it more difficult to fly large missions. There is also concern about a “significant gap” in data from planetary missions between 1998 and 2004.
Workshop on electromagnetic induction in the Earth
Authors: Jones Alan 
Published: October 2006

Working Group 1.2 of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) will hold its 11th Biennial Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth, at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, from August 26 to September 2, 1992. Over 100 abstracts have been submitted for presentations in nine sessions focusing on topics of current interest in the induction field.Included is the session, “Distortion Effects in Magnetotellurics and Their Removal,” that will concentrate on attempts to retrieve structural conductivity information from data distorted by extreme local variations in measured regional electric fields. Such variations can be the source of static shift of apparent resistivity curves and can also twist and skew the electrical impedance tensor to mask details of regional conductivity structure.
Tracking the movement of contaminants into groundwater
Authors: Gee Glendon 
Published: October 2006

The study of how contaminants move from the soil surface to the underlying water table—through the realm hydrologists call the vadose zone—is an area of hydrologic research that is just in its infancy. Recent studies seeking to unravel the mysteries of contaminant movement in the vadose zone and predict when, where, and how much groundwater contamination will occur indicate that the flow and transport may be chaotic and hard to measure.Contamination has become a major threat to present and future uses of groundwaters. The vadose zone has gradually be‐come a repository for massive quantities of wastes, which in far too many instances have leached and subsequently recharged aquifers with contaminants. In this zone water enters the Earth's surface via rainfall, irrigation, or snow melt and cycles through porous soils and fractured rocks. Here it may be either intercepted by plant roots and returned to the atmosphere or moves deeper until it recharges underlying aquifers. In the past this process has provided a seemingly endless supply of high‐quality groundwater that has been available for industrial, agricultural, and human consumption.
Results from the Magellan mission to Venus
Authors: Plaut Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2006

NASA's Magellan radar mapping mission to Venus is approaching its third global mapping cycle and continues to return highresolution image, topography, and radiometry data. Nearly 95% of the surface of Venus has been mapped, with excellent performance by the spacecraft and radar systems.Since the 1960s, Earth‐based and orbital radar have been used to map the surface of Venus because of the dense cloud cover that hides the surface. Results from the Earthbased observations were instrumental in defining the gross surface features of parts of the planet, while NASA's Pioneer Venus probe provided a global low‐resolution topographic map. The Soviet Venera missions obtained orbital radar images of about 25% of the planet at a resolution of 1 km. However, these earlier studies did not allow identification of surface processes or the major factors that have shaped the surface of Venus. The Magellan mission, with approximately 100‐m resolution, is providing the first detailed look at this planet to determine its geological evolution.
Are autoregressive models sensitive to initial conditions?
Authors: Chao Benjamin Fong 
Published: October 2006

The answer is, it depends. If the poles of the autoregressive (AR) model all lie inside the unit circle on the complex z‐plane, then it is not sensitive to the initial condition. Otherwise, it will be.The question in the title arises from a discussion between Gray and Woodward [1992] and Tsonis [1991, 1992] concerning the sensitivity of climate models to initial conditions. It is an interesting, well‐posed mathematical question which, unfortunately, was not treated mathematically in their comments. The answer given above is closely related to whether the AR process is stationary or minimum‐phase; here I would like to offer a simple, analytic, intuitively clear proof, the essence of which can be traced back to a work by Prony [1795], which has been known for nearly 200 years.
New technologies for lunar resource assessment
Authors: Elphic Richard C. , McKay David S. 
Published: October 2006

The Joint Workshop on New Technologies for Lunar Resource Assessment, sponsored by NASA, the Department of Energy, and the Lunar and Planetary Institute, was held in Santa Fe, N.Mex., from April 6 to 7. The workshop grew out of discussions between Los Alamos National Laboratory and the NASA Johnson Space Center in which it was realized that new technologies useful in assessing lunar resources might exist, and that these technologies could extend beyond the usual NASA circle of experimenters and investigators. We also realized that non‐NASA people could probably use some information on NASA needs and requirements as well as some general background technical information about the Moon.The purpose of the workshop was to bring together a number of experts from NASA, DOE national laboratories, industry, and the university community to address topics related to the exploration for and assessment of lunar resources.
ROV samples vents on Juan de Fuca Ridge
Authors: Embley Robert W. , Franklin James M. 
Published: October 2006

In 1991, the JASON Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) successfully performed high‐resolution imaging within complex vent fields on the northern Juan de Fuca Ridge. From June 22 to July 16, 1992, a team of Canadian and U.S. scientists and engineers joined in an expedition to develop sampling capabilities for a HYSUB 5000 ROV in a mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal vent environment. Our experience on the Juan de Fuca Ridge is another starting point for pursuing the science capabilities of deep‐water ROVs.The Remotely Operated Platform for Ocean Science (ROPOS) was built by International Submarine Engineering and is operated by the Institute of Ocean Sciences in Sidney, British Columbia. The cruise was staged off the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's ship Discoverer, based at NOAA's Pacific Marine Center in Seattle, Wash. Support for the expedition came from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Department of Energy Mines and Resources Canada, the NOAA Vents Program, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada.
Mantle plumes and magnetic reversals: A surprising link
Authors: Larson Roger L. 
Published: October 2006

The history of magnetic field reversals has been described as one of the best known, but least understood, geophysical records on Earth. In contrast, it is only recently that attempts have been made to quantify the history of mantle plume activity. Mantle plumes consist of large volumes of material from the lower mantle that occasionally rise, by buoyancy, from just above the core/mantle boundary.There is no agreement on the cause of magnetic field reversals, nor on how processes above the core/mantle boundary might influence processes below in the outer core, or even if such influence is possible [Loper, 1992]. However, the suggestion by Larson and Olson ]1991[ that mantle plume activity controls magnetic reversal frequency follows a trail of thermodynamic logic that could shed light on these questions, and thus it is important to understand the basis of such a premise, and how it might be tested.
A Goddess Uncloaked: Magellan reveals Venus' Highlands
Authors: Bindschadler Duane L. 
Published: October 2006

The highlands of Venus are large elevated regions over 1000 km across that display the most diverse and extensive volcanic and tectonic features on the planet's surface. The unprecedented details of surface tectonics and volcanism revealed by the Magellan mission have added significantly to our understanding of how these continent‐sized regions formed, and shed new light on the tectonic style and interior dynamics of Earth's sister planet. Comparisons between the two planets may help us to better understand how plate tectonics began and how the process operates on Earth.Venusian highlands fall into two distinct categories: volcanic rises and plateaushaped highlands. Volcanic rises were relatively well‐understood even before Magellan, although the new images and gravity data will illuminate more of the details of these features. The volcanic rises appear to be the result of large upwellings of hot, buoyant material from deep within Venus' mantle. The upwellings may take the form of mantle plumes, which on Earth are responsible for hotspot features such as the Hawaiian‐Emperor seamount chain and Iceland.
Consolidating Federal Earth science agencies
Authors: Moors Christopher N .K. 
Published: October 2006

In the September 1, 1992, issue of Eos, Carl Kisslinger constructively proposed that, in conjunction with the Decade for Natural Hazards Reduction, AGU convene a panel to examine possible improvements in the structure of federal agencies involved in Earth‐oriented science. This is a sensible and timely action, and the AGU membership has too much at stake on this issue to leave it to the bureaucrats and politicians. We would probably be surprised at our different perspectives on the missions and roles of the agencies and our collective ignorance of what functions they actually perform.Some consolidations may be in order, but there are many dimensions to any possible restructuring. For example, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is ostensibly the “national environmental prediction agency,” although it has survey and regulatory functions, too. The Environmental Protection Agency is primarily an “environmental regulatory agency,” although it has clean‐up and research functions as well. Would it be wise to place the environmental prediction and protection features in the same organization, and how could it be made safe to do so? Or would it be better to join NOAA and the U.S. Geological Survey (and other elements of the Department of the Interior, a high‐quality geophysical survey, monitoring, and process‐knowledge agency)? Also, how will the civil and military Earth and environmental science entities be best connected in the future? A very careful examination of functionalities as well as disciplines is needed.