bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Syntheses of Indicine N-Oxide, Intermedine N-Oxide, and Their Enantiomers Using Carbohydrate as a Chiral Educt
Authors: Nishimura Yoshio , Kondo Shinichi , Takeuchi Tomio , Umezawa Hamao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The first completely enantioselective syntheses of indicine N-oxide, intermedine N-oxide, and their enantiomers have been achieved stereospecifically. A synthetic analogue modeled on indicine N-oxide showed the superior activity to indicine N-oxide itself against cancer cell in vitro test.
Surface Tensions of Molten Binary PrCl3–NaCl, PrCl3–KCl, and PrCl3–CaCl2 Systems
Authors: Igarashi Kazuo , Mochinaga Junichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface tensions of molten binary PrCl3–NaCl, PrCl3–KCl, and PrCl3–CaCl2 systems were measured by a maximum bubble pressure method, and the results were expressed as linear functions of the temperature. The isotherms of surface tension of the PrCl3–MCl (M=Na and K) systems had minimum; however, such behavior was not observed in the isotherm of the PrCl3–CaCl system.
The Magnetic Field Effects on Electrolysis. II. The Anodic Surface Oxidation of Gold
Authors: Watanabe Takeshi , Tanimoto Yoshifumi , Nakagaki Ryoichi , Hiramatsu Mitsuo , Sakata Tadayoshi , Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the anodic oxidation of gold in an acidic solution, the electrode surface is covered with a black deposit. It dissolves immediately after the application of an external magnetic field (1 T). The results are discussed in terms of a magnetohydrodynamic mechanism.
Stoichiometry Determination of Cation–Macrocyclic Complexes Based on the 1H NMR Chemical Shift of the Cation-Coordinated Water Molecules
Authors: Iwachido Tadashi , Shibuya Koichi , Nakamura Naoki , Motomizu Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stoichiometries of alkali and alkaline earth metal complexes with macrocyclic ligands were determined in a water-containing nitrobenzene solution by means of 1H NMR. The chemical shift of the water protons was more sensitive to the complexation than that of the methylene protons of the ligands.
Terpenoids. IX. Permanganate Oxidation of Thujopsene. Neutral Products
Authors: Nagahama Shizuo , Tazaki Masato 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Permanganate oxidation of thujopsene 1 in dry and aqueous acetone was reexamined with a careful separation of the neutral part of the products. In dry acetone, the major products were Δ9-thujopsen-8β- and 8α-ols (2 and 3) which easily decomposed to thujopsadiene 6. In aqueous acetone, 1 gave 8β-hydroxythujopsan-9-one 8 and thujopsane-8α,9α-diol 11 as main products, besides 8β,9β-diol 10, 8α-hydroxythujopsan-9-one 9, and epimeric allyl alcohols 2 and 3. The hydroxy ketone 8 was isomerized to a ring contracted compound, 4α-acetyl-4β-hydroxy-6α,10,10-trimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.01,3]decane 4 during alumina chromatography. 8β,9-Epoxy-10-thujopsanone 5 was isolated as a minor product. Kawamura’s glycol was an eutectic mixture of 10 and 11.
Asymmetric Diels–Alder Reaction of Acrylamides Having trans-2,5-Disubstituted Pyrrolidines as Chiral Auxiliaries
Authors: Kawanami Yasuhiro , Katsuki Tsutomu , Yamaguchi Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction between chiral acrylamides derived from (2R,5R)-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines and cyclopentadiene gave (1R,2R,4R)-5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid amides 3a–c with excellent diastereoface selectivity. The amides 3a–c were converted into the corresponding carboxylic acid by an iodolactonization-reduction sequence and 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines were recovered intact.
81Br NQR and 119Sn Mössbauer Spectra for SnBr3− Anions
Authors: Yamada Koji , Hayashi Tomoko , Umehara Takako , Okuda Tsutomu , Ichiba Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of the SnBr3− anions in MSnBr3 (M=(CH3)2NH2, (CH3)3NH) and MSnBr3·H2O (M=K, NH4) were deduced by means of 81Br NQR spectroscopy. The former compounds have three 81Br NQR lines in the frequency range 73–80 MHz at 77 K, indicating the presence of pyramidal SnBr3− anions. The anion structure of the latter hydrate, on the other hand, was presumed to be square-pyramid with one terminal and two bridging Br atoms, because two of the 81Br NQR frequencies were considerably low compared with that of the terminal atom. Phase transitions were observed for the latter hydrates. Associated with these, drastic increases of the NQR frequencies were observed only for the bridging atoms, suggesting significant changes in the bridging network.
Influences of Lewis Acids on the Photochemical Cyclodimerization of Cyclopentenone
Authors: Ogawa Takuji , Masui Yoshiyuki , Ojima Shoshi , Suzuki Hitomi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of tin(IV) chloride, photochemical dimerization of cyclopentenone gave a cis-transoid-cis head-to-head dimer as predominant product. Other Lewis acids such as zinc(II) bromide, boron trifluoride etherate, tin(II) chloride, and silver(I) trifluoromethylsulfonate, however, showed little influence. Tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)lanthanum(III) andtris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)europium(III) affected regiochemistry of the reaction in a way to favor a head-to-tail dimer.
Thermal and Ferroelectric Properties of (S)-2-Methylbutyl Esters of α-Substituted 4-(4-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)cinnamic Acid
Authors: Nakauchi Jun , Kageyama Yoshitaka , Uematu Mioko , Minami Shunsuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three homologous series of (S)-2-methylbutyl esters of α-substituted 4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)cinnamic acid Ia (α-H), Ib (α-CH3), and Ic (α-CN) have been synthesized and their thermal and ferroelectric properties have been investigated. The mesomorphic transition temperatures for the homologous series (Ia, Ib, and Ic) depend on the α-substituents as well as the terminal alkoxyl chain length. In comparison with Schiff base analogues, the transition temperatures from the isotropic phase to smectic A for all the homologous series are a little lower; however, their transition temperatures from the smectic A phase to chiral smectic C show significantly different features. The thermal stability of the chiral smectic C phase has been discussed from the view point of the local intermolecular dipole–dipole interaction in the homologous series (Ia, Ib, and Ic) and the Schiff base analogues. The spontaneous polarization for the homologous series is in the order of the homologues: Ib&gt;Ia&gt;Ic and their polarity is negative for Ia and Ib and positive for Ic homologues, respectively. These results have also been discussed in terms of the α-substituent effect on the spontaneous polarization.
Treatment of Tetraalkoxysilanes with Amberlyst 15 Cation-Exchange Resin in Presence of Hexamethyldisiloxane
Authors: Hasegawa Isao , Sakka Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tetraalkoxysilanes were treated with Amberlyst 15 cation-exchange resin in hexamethyldisiloxane at 40 °C in order to substitute the trimethylsilyl group for the alkyl group in a tetraalkoxysilane partially. Tetramethoxy-, ethoxy-, propoxy-, and butoxysilanes were used for the experiments. After the treatment, SiO4R4−nXn(1≤n≤4, R=CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, and n-C4H9, X=Si(CH3)3) were detected by gas chromatography and were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The degree of trimethylsilylation of tetraalkoxysilane changed with the molar ratio of hexamethyldisiloxane to tetraalkoxysilane and quantities of the reaction products in the system depended mainly on the ratio.
The Kinetic Evidence of the Concerted [1,9] Sigmatropy for the Acetyl Migration in the 2-Acetoxytropones. The NMR Spectral Analysis of the Seven-Fold Degenerated Acetotropy of Hexaacetoxytropone
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Mori Akira , Watanabe Hiroyasu , Kusaba Tomoyuki , Sugiyama Shigeru , Kodama Mitsuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
“The acetotropy” of 2-acetoxytropones was shown to be a concerted [1,9] sigmatropic process on the basis of a kinetic analysis. A little substituent effect for the activation free energy of the acetyl migration was recognized. Preferred tautomers of polyacetoxytropones were those having the carbonyl group at inner positions. As an extreme case, a “Merry-Go-Round”-type rearrangement was operative in hexaacetoxytropone.
Peptide Synthesis in Aqueous Solution. II. Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Molluscan Neuropeptide, FMRFamide (Phe–Met–Arg–Phe–NH2) Analogs for N-Terminal Moiety
Authors: Kouge Katsushige , Soma Haruko , Katakai Yukari , Okai Hideo , Takemoto Mayumi , Muneoka Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to elucidate the contribution of the N-terminal moiety (Phe1 or Met2) of FMRFamide to the activity, 16 kinds of FMRFamide analogs were synthesized and their structure-activity relations are discussed. From the results, it was found that hydrophobic or bulky group in N-terminal contributes to the contractile effect, while the precise length of the side chain of amino acid at 2-position is due to a relaxing effect.
Peptide Synthesis in Aqueous Solution. III. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Cyclohexylamide Derivatives of Peptides Related to a Molluscan Neuropeptide, FMRFamide (Phe–Met–Arg–Phe–NH2)
Authors: Kouge Katsushige , Katakai Yukari , Soma Haruko , Kondo Miyuki , Okai Hideo , Takemoto Mayumi , Muneoka Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to investigate the role of C-terminal Phe4–NH2 of FMRFamide (Phe–Met–Arg–Phe–NH2) to the biological activity, 30 kinds of cyclohexylamide derivatives of peptides related to FMRFamide were synthesized and their FMRFamide-like activity was measured. From the results, it was found that the peptide which was placed at C-terminal Phe4–NH2 by d-Ala–CHA showed only a relaxing activity. Furthermore, it was recognized that Met–Arg–Asp–diCHA inhibited FMRFamide contraction selectively.
Preparation of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione Derivatives
Authors: Inouye Yoshinobu , Kojima Tsutomu , Owada Jun , Kakisawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione and 7-endo-benzyloxy-9-methylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4-dione were prepared starting from bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-2-one and 7-endo-benzyloxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,9-dione, respectively. The key reaction was the NCS oxidation of the 2,2-ethylenedioxy-4-phenylthiobicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, derived from the corresponding bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-en-2-ones.
Conformations of Some Monosubstituted N-Benzylideneanilines
Authors: Patnaik Lalit N , Das Sarojini 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Theoretical computations , using quantum mechanical PCILO method, have been carried out on the conformations of four monosubstituted N-benzylideneanilines—N-benzylidene-4-nitroaniline (1a), N-benzylidene-4-dimethylaminoaniline, N-(4-nitrobenzylidene)aniline, and N-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)aniline. The aniline ring is found to be most twisted (60°) in 1a, while in all other cases , the twist angle is 30°. The results have been compared with earlier experimental findings and rationalized in terms of two factors contributing to nonplanarity , namely , the overlapping of bridge nitrogen lone pair with the π-system of the aniline ring and a steric interaction between the azomethine hydrogen and one of the ortho hydrogens in the aniline ring.
Photochemical Reactions of the Natural Furocoumarin, Imperatorin
Authors: Abou-Elzahab M M , Metwally M A , Dawidar A M , Abdel-Mogib M , Abu-Mustafa E A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photochemical behavior of imperatorin was investigated including photolysis and sigmatropic effects in different solvents and photodimerization. The structures of the photoproducts obtained were determined by chemical and spectral methods.
Protection of Functional Groups and Stannylation of Phenylalanine
Authors: Metwally S A , Coenen H H , Stöcklin G 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The protection of both amino and carboxylic acid groups in p-halogenated phenylalanine was done by using different reagents. The protected amino acid was stannylated by using hexamethyldistannane in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium as catalyst.
Adsorption of Uranium from Nitric Acid Solutions Using Crystalline Hydrous Titanium Dioxide Fibers
Authors: Komatsu Y\={u} , Fujiki Yoshinori , Sasaki Takayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorption of uranium on an ion exchanger of crystalline hydrous titanium dioxide fibers from nitric acid solutions has been studied. The rate of the adsorption of uranium was much higher than that of alkaline earth metal ions. The adsorption behavior of uranium was well explained by their ion exchange with hydrogen ions in the fibers.
The Magnetic Properties of the Copper(II) (Disubstituted Acetate) Adducts with Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Emori Shuji , Tohyama Yayoi , Muto Yoneichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various copper(II) (disubstituted acetate) adducts with ammonium chloride have been prepared and characterized by magnetic susceptibility and IR spectroscopy measurements. Factors affecting the magnetic moments of the dinuclear copper(II) alkanoates are discussed.
Hydrates of Organic Compounds. XIV. The Formation of Clathrate-Like Hydrates of Tetrabutylammonium Amino Carboxylates
Authors: Nakayama Haruo , Usui Hideyuki , Matsui Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solid–liquid phase diagrams of binary mixtures of water with a series of tetrabutylammonium α-amino carboxylates, (n-C4H9)4NOOCCH(NH2)R (R=H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, and (CH3)2CH), were examined. It. It was found that all the salts examined could form hydrates with hydration numbers either around 30 or around 39.
An Unusual Cyclization of Trifluoroacetohydroximoyl and -hydrazonoyl Bromides with Malononitrile
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoshi , Suzuki Takashi , Maeno Seiji , Mitsuhashi Keiryo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Trifluoroacetohydroximoyl bromide etherate (1) reacted with an excess of malononitrile in the presence of sodium methoxide, giving a fused isoxazolopyridine 3, participated by two molecules of malononitrile, along with the conventional isoxazole 2. Similar concomitant formation of 7 and the fused pyrazolopyridines 8 was also recognized from the hydrazonoyl bromides 6 and their product ratio was found to depend on the reaction conditions, particularly on the concentration of malononitrile used.
Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Pyridazine Derivatives
Authors: Ibrahim Nadia Sobhy , Abdel-Galil Fathy Mohamed , Abdel-Motaleb Ramadan Maawad , Elnagdi Mohamed Hilmy 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crotononitriles 1a–c coupled with arenediazonium salts to yield either the acyclic mono- or dihydrazones depending on coupling reaction conditions. Both mono- and dihydrazones could be cyclized to the corresponding pyridazine derivatives. Direct formation of pyridazines on coupling 1b and 1c with arenediazonium salts was observed. Structures of reaction products are confirmed by spectral and analytical data.
Liquid-Phase Hydration of Acrylonitrile to Acrylamide over the Manganese Dioxide Catalyst
Authors: Sugiyama Kazuo , Miura Hiroshi , Nakano Yasushi , Suzuki Hidehiro , Matsuda Tsuneo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The liquid-phase hydration of acrylonitrile to acrylamide was examined over a manganese dioxide catalyst at 65 °C. When the catalysts were treated at 110–500 °C, both the acidity and the reaction activity of the catalysts decreased at temperatures above 110 °C. The reduction of the solid acidity of heat-treated samples decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. It was confirmed that the solid acidity of manganese dioxide was derived from acidic hydroxyl groups on the catalyst surface through their dispersion in water. A good relationship between the number of surface hydroxyl groups and the catalytic activity of the manganese dioxide was observed; its hydration ability was depressed by the addition of an aqueous base as a NaOH solution. These results show that the acidic surface hydroxyl group of a manganese dioxide catalyst is the active site of acrylonitrile hydration. The kinetic behavior of both acrylonitrile and water was examined and the reaction rate snowed both first and zero orders with respect to the acrylonitrile and water concentration, respectively. The hydration mechanism of acrylonitrile on the manganese dioxide catalyst is discussed.
Cationic Motions and Phase Transitions in [(CH3)4N]GaBr4 Crystals as Studied by 1H NMR and Differential Thermal Analysis Techniques
Authors: Sato Setsuko , Nakamura Daiyu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two phase transitions were located for solid [(CH3)4N]GaBr4 at 404 and 138 K. The temperature dependences of 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation times were determined mainly at 20 MHz. A shallow 1H T1 minimum appearing at ca. 400 K and a deep one below ca. 250 K were observed. The latter minimum could be explained by the occurrence of the overall reorientation of the cation as a whole with an activation energy of 14.5 kJ mol−1. The shallow 1H T1 minimum may come from temperature dependent quadrupolar relaxation of bromine nuclei through the dipolar relaxation of the second kind.
The Polarographic Reduction of Acids in Pyridine, The Cause of the Differences in Half-Wave Potentials with Various Supporting Electrolytes
Authors: Hojo Masashi , Akita Yoshihiro , Nishikawa Kazukiyo , Imai Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarographic reductions of acetic, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, and perchloric acids have been examined in pyridine solutions with tetrabutylammonium, tetraethylammonium, sodium, and lithium perchlorate as the supporting electrolytes. The difference in the half-wave potentials of the acids was explained in terms of the difference in the degree of interaction between the pyridinium ion and the conjugate bases (e.g., CH3COO−) made of the acids. The alkali-metal ions interact with the acetate or benzoate ion to form RCOO−(M+)2 (M=Li and Na). The formation constants of RCOO−(M+)2 were evaluated by means of the positive shift in the half-wave potential of the pyridinium ion in the presence of a large excess of the alkali metal ions. Substituted acetic and benzoic acids and phenols were also examined so as to ascertain the effect of the substituent groups.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Resolution of Electrically Neutral Octahedral Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing the Tetradentate Ligand
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi , Ohtsuru Hisaka , Yoneda Hayami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three geometrical isomers of [Co(edda)(aa)] where edda=N′,N-ethylenediaminediacetato, aa=glycinato (gly), β-alaninato (β-ala), have been synthesized and characterized. They have been completely resolved into the enantiomers, except unsym-cis-fac-[Co(edda)(β-ala)], by the bis(μ-d-tartrato)diantimonate(III) anion, [Sb2(d-tart)2]2−, form of QAE-Sephadex resin with water as the eluent, and their absolute configurations have been determined based upon the circular dichroism spectra. It has been revealed that the Δ enantiomer is favored more by [Sb2(d-tart)2]2− than the Λ enantiomer irrespective of the kind of the geometrical isomers. Consideration on the mechanism of the optical resolution has been presented.
Nocovalent Interactions in Metal Complexes. 14. Proton NMR Spectroscopic Investigation on Stereoselectivity in Cobalt(III) Complexes of Various 3-Substituted 1-Phenyl-1,3-)propanediones
Authors: Nakamura Michio , Okawa Hisashi , Ito Tasuku , Kato Masako , Kida Sigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1:3-Cobalt(III) complexes of 3-substituted 1-phenyl-1,3-propanediones (C6H5–CO–CH2–CO–R) have been synthesized, and their stereoselectivities were studied with 400 MHz proton NMR spectroscopy. When the substituent (R) was ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, or isobutyl, the complexes were obtained in a mixture of fac and mer isomers with the fac/mer ratio of 1/3, demonstrating statistical distribution. When the substituent was t-butoxymethyl or cyclohexyloxymethyl the fac isomer was predominantly formed. The stereoselectivity in the geometrical isomer formation of the complexes was ascribed to the interligand CH/π-interaction occuring between the R group and the phenyl ring. The stereoselectivities of the complexes [Co(l-moba-X)3] (l-moba-X−=4-(l-menthyloxy)-1-(p-X-phenyl)-1,3-butanedionate ion; X=H, Br, CH3) were also examined by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared with the CD spectral result previously reported.
Atmospheric Concentrations of Halocarbons in Japan in 1979–1986
Authors: Makide Yoshihiro , Yokohata Akihito , Kubo Yuji , Tominaga Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The average atmospheric concentrations of halocarbons in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere have been measured accurately for 7 years from 1979 to 1986. Atmospheric samples were collected in summer and winter in Hokkaido (40–45°N), and the halocarbons at 10–400 pptv (pptv=10−12 v/v) concentrations were determined with 0.5% precision. The concentrations of halocarbons with long lifetimes have been increasing steadily (CCl2F2: 18 pptv/year, CCl3F: 8–9 pptv/year, CH3CCl3: 4 pptv/year, CCl4: 2 pptv/year); those of shortlived halocarbons (CHCl=CCl2 and CCl2=CCl2) are low (&lt;25 pptv) and show only seasonal variations.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Isomerization of trans- and cis-[CoCl2(1,2- or 1,3-diphosphine)2]+ and Related Complexes
Authors: Ohishi Tomoji , Kashiwabara Kazuo , Fujita Junnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A number of new diphosphine complexes of cobalt(III), trans- and cis-[CoCl2(dmpe, dmpp, dbpe, or dpee)2]+, trans- and cis-[CoBr2(dmpe)2]+, trans- and cis-[CoCl(H2O)(dmpe)2]2+, trans-[Co(I2 or BrI)(dmpe)2]+, and [Co(CO3)(dmpp or dbpe)]+ have been prepared and characterized, where dmpe, dmpp, dbpe, and dpee denote 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(dimethylphosphino)propane, 1,2-bis(dibutylphosphino)ethane, and cis-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene, respectively. The trans isomers of the dihalogeno complexes are stable to aquation, while the cis isomers release one of the halide ions in water fairly rapidly to yield cis-[CoX(H2O)(diphosphine)2]+ which isomerizes to the trans isomer on exposure of ultraviolet light. The cis-[CoCl2(diphosphine)2]+ complexes in methanol or ethanol solution isomerize to the trans isomer, and the rates were followed spectrophotometrically in the temperature range of 39.0–65.0 °C. The rates have a first-order dependence on the complex concentration. Both the ΔH\eweq and ΔS\eweq values for the isomerization increase in the order diphosphine=dmpe&lt;dmpp&lt;dbpe&lt;dpee. This order coincides with the increasing order in cone angle of phosphine ligands, and suggests that the difference in rates among the complexes comes from a steric factor. Absorption spectra of all the complexes have been recorded and the results compared with those of the corresponding ethylenediamine complexes.
A High Resolution 23Na NMR Study of Sodium Complexes with Ionophores in Solution. Stability of Complexes as Viewed from Displacements of 23Na Chemical Shifts as Referred to Those in the Solid State
Authors: Saitô Hazime , Tabeta Ryoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We have recorded 23Na NMR spectra of sodium complexes with naturally occurring and synthetic ionophores in chloroform and methanol solution, to gain insight into conformational stability of these complexes as examined from the displacements of 23Na chemical shifts with respect to those in the solid state. Interestingly, the 23Na chemical shifts of sodium complexes with monensin and tetranactin obtained in chloroform solution are very close to those in the solid, as a result of adopting similar conformation between the solid and solution. For the rest of complexes, however, the 23Na NMR signals are displaced downfield in solution as compared with those of the solid state. Such downfield shifts are well interpreted in terms of the presence of conformational fluctuation and/or sodium ions interacting with solvent or anions. Therefore, downfield displacement is more significant in methanol which can be good ligand molecules. The presence of fluctuation-induced quadrupole coupling constants is consistent with our view about 23Na chemical shifts. These quadrupole interactions were reduced in methanol solution, owing to the presence of exchange with solvents.