bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of bone marrow graft B lymphocyte subsets on outcome after HLA‐identical sibling transplants
Authors: Michonneau David , Peffault de Latour Régis , Porcher Raphaël , Robin Marie , Benbunan Marc , Rocha Vanderson , Ribaud Patricia , Ferry Christele , Devergie Agnes , Vanneaux Valérie , Gluckman Eliane , Marolleau Jean Pierre , Socié Gérard , Larghero Jérôme 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe potential role of the infused B cell subset after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation has not been yet studied. The present study analyzed the impact of B cells on transplant outcome in 254 patients who received a bone marrow graft from a human leucocyte antigen‐identical sibling donor. The influence of B lineage‐specific hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+ CD19+) and B cells (immature and mature B cells, CD34− CD19+) was also analyzed. All included patients received a myeloablative regimen. The cumulative incidence function of acute graft‐versus‐host (GvHD) grade II to IV was 48% and was inversely associated with the number of CD34+ CD19+. There were no statistically significant associations between B cell subsets and chronic GvHD or survival. The CD34+ CD19+ B cell subset remained significantly associated with acute GvHD in multivariate analysis (Relative risk = 0·32, 95% confidence interval: 0·11–0·92, P = 0·035). In conclusion, a higher B lineage‐specific hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+ CD19+) cell dose is associated with a significant decrease incidence of acute GvHD.
Differential responses to warming and increased precipitation among three contrasting grasshopper species
Authors: GUO KUN , HAO SHU‐GUANG , SUN OSBERT JIANXIN , KANG LE 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe conducted a field manipulation experiment to investigate developmental and demographic responses to warming and increased precipitation in three Inner Mongolian grasshopper species that differ in phenology (an early‐season speciesDasyhippus barbipes, a mid‐season speciesOedaleus asiaticus, and a late‐season speciesChorthippus fallax). Infrared heaters were used for warming the ground surface by 1–2 °C above the ambient condition and periodic irrigations were applied to simulate a 50% increase in annual precipitation. We found that warming advanced the timing for egg hatching and grasshopper eclosion in each of the three species. However, grasshopper diapause and increased precipitation appeared to offset the effect of warming on egg development. Hatching and development were more strongly affected by warming in the mid‐seasonO. asiaticusand the late‐seasonC. fallaxrelative to the early‐seasonD. barbipes. Warming by ∼1.5 °C advanced the occurrence of the mid‐seasonO. asiaticusby an average of 4.96 days; while warming and increased precipitation interactively affected the occurrence of the late‐seasonC. fallax, which advanced by 5.53 days. Our data and those of others suggest that most grasshopper species in the Inner Mongolian grassland are likely to extend their distribution northward with climate change. However, because of the differential response to warming we demonstrate for these species, the different grasshopper species are predicted to aggregate toward the middle period of the growing season, potentially increasing interspecific competition and grazing pressure on grasslands.
Stream ecosystem responses to the 2007 spring freeze in the southeastern United States: unexpected effects of climate change
Authors: MULHOLLAND PATRICK J. , ROBERTS BRIAN J. , HILL WALTER R. , SMITH JOHN G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSome expected changes in climate resulting from human greenhouse gas emissions are clear and well documented, but others may be harder to predict because they involve extreme weather events or heretofore unusual combinations of weather patterns. One recent example of unusual weather that may become more frequent with climate change occurred in early spring 2007 when a large Arctic air mass moved into the eastern United States following a very warm late winter. In this paper, we document effects of this freeze event on Walker Branch, a well‐studied stream ecosystem in eastern Tennessee. The 2007 spring freeze killed newly grown leaf tissues in the forest canopy, dramatically increasing the amount of light reaching the stream. Light levels at the stream surface were sustained at levels considerably above those normal for the late spring and summer months due to the incomplete recovery of canopy leaf area. Increased light levels caused a cascade of ecological effects in the stream beginning with considerably higher (two–three times) rates of gross primary production (GPP) during the late spring and summer months when normally low light levels severely limit stream GPP. Higher rates of stream GPP in turn resulted in higher rates of nitrate (NO3−) uptake by the autotrophic community and lower NO3− concentrations in stream water. Higher rates of stream GPP in summer also resulted in higher growth rates of a dominant herbivore, the snail Elimia clavaeformis. Typically, during summer months net NO3− uptake and snail growth rates are zero to negative; however, in 2007 uptake and growth were maintained at moderate levels. These results show how changes in forest vegetation phenology can have dramatic effects on stream productivity at multiple trophic levels and on nutrient cycling as a result of tight coupling of forest and stream ecosystems. Thus, climate change‐induced changes in canopy structure and phenology may lead to large effects on stream ecosystems in the future.
Climate change leads to decreasing bird migration distances
Authors: VISSER MARCEL E. , PERDECK ALBERT C. , Van BALEN JOHAN H. , BOTH CHRISTIAAN 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGlobal climate change has led to warmer winters in NW Europe, shortening the distance between suitable overwintering areas and the breeding areas of many bird species. Here we show that winter recovery distances have decreased over the past seven decades, for birds ringed during the breeding season in the Netherlands between 1932 and 2004. Of the 24 species included in the analysis, we found in 12 a significant decrease of the distance to the wintering site. Species from dry, open areas shortened their distance the most, species from wet, open areas the least, while woodland species fall in between the other two habitats. The decline in migration distance is likely due to climate change, as migration distances are negatively correlated with the Dutch temperatures in the winter of recovery. With a shorter migration distance, species should be better able to predict the onset of spring at their breeding sites and this could explain the stronger advancement of arrival date found in several short distance species relative to long‐distance migrants.
Heterogeneous response of circumboreal wildfire risk to climate change since the early 1900s
Authors: GIRARDIN MARTIN P. , ALI ADAM A. , CARCAILLET CHRISTOPHER , MUDELSEE MANFRED , DROBYSHEV IGOR , HÉLY CHRISTELLE , BERGERON YVES 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe investigated changes in wildfire risk over the 1901−2002 (ad) period with an analysis of broad‐scale patterns of July monthly drought code (MDC) variability on 28 forested ecoregions of the North American and Eurasian continents. The MDC is an estimate of the net effect of changes in evapotranspiration and precipitation on cumulative moisture depletion in soils, and is well correlated with annual fire statistics across the circumboreal (explaining 25–61% of the variance in regional area burned). We used linear trend and regime shift analyses to investigate (multi‐) decadal changes in MDC and percentage area affected by drought, and kernel function for analysis of temporal changes in the occurrence rates of extreme drought years. Our analyses did not reveal widespread patterns of linear increases in dryness through time as a response to rising Northern Hemisphere land temperatures. Instead, we found heterogeneous patterns of drought severity changes that were inherent to the nonuniformly distributed impacts of climate change on dryness. Notably, significant trends toward increasing summer moisture in southeastern and southwestern boreal Canada were detected. The diminishing wildfire risk in these regions is coherent with widely reported decreases in area burned since about 1850, as reconstructed by dendrochronological dating of forest stands. Conversely, we found evidence for increasing percentage area affected by extreme droughts in Eurasia (+0.57% per decade;P<0.05) and occurrence rates of extreme drought years in Eurasian taiga (centered principally on the Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga,P=0.07). Although not statistically significant, temporal changes in occurrence rates are sufficiently important spatially to be paid further attention. The absence of a linear trend in MDC severity, in conjunction with the presence of an increase in the occurrence rate of extreme drought years, suggest that fire disturbance regimes in the Eurasian taiga could be shifting toward being increasingly pulse dependent.
Latitudinal patterns of magnitude and interannual variability in net ecosystem exchange regulated by biological and environmental variables
Authors: YUAN WENPING , LUO YIQI , RICHARDSON ANDREW D. , OREN RAM , LUYSSAERT SEBASTIAAN , JANSSENS IVAN A. , CEULEMANS REINHART , ZHOU XUHUI , GRÜNWALD THOMAS , AUBINET MARC , BERHOFER CHRISTIAN , BALDOCCHI DENNIS D. , CHEN JIQUAN , DUNN ALLISON L. , DEFOREST JARED L. , DRAGONI DANILO , GOLDSTEIN ALLEN H. , MOORS EDDY , WILLIAM MUNGER J. , MONSON RUSSELL K. , SUYKER ANDREW E. , STARR GREGORY , SCOTT RUSSELL L. , TENHUNEN JOHN , VERMA SHASHI B. , VESALA TIMO , WOFSY STEVEN C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOver the last two and half decades, strong evidence showed that the terrestrial ecosystems are acting as a net sink for atmospheric carbon. However the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in the sink are not well known. In this study, we examined latitudinal patterns of interannual variability (IAV) in net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 based on 163 site‐years of eddy covariance data, from 39 northern‐hemisphere research sites located at latitudes ranging from ∼29°N to ∼64°N. We computed the standard deviation of annual NEE integrals at individual sites to represent absolute interannual variability (AIAV), and the corresponding coefficient of variation as a measure of relative interannual variability (RIAV). Our results showed decreased trends of annual NEE with increasing latitude for both deciduous broadleaf forests and evergreen needleleaf forests. Gross primary production (GPP) explained a significant proportion of the spatial variation of NEE across evergreen needleleaf forests, whereas, across deciduous broadleaf forests, it is ecosystem respiration (Re). In addition, AIAV in GPP and Re increased significantly with latitude in deciduous broadleaf forests, but AIAV in GPP decreased significantly with latitude in evergreen needleleaf forests. Furthermore, RIAV in NEE, GPP, and Re appeared to increase significantly with latitude in deciduous broadleaf forests, but not in evergreen needleleaf forests. Correlation analyses showed air temperature was the primary environmental factor that determined RIAV of NEE in deciduous broadleaf forest across the North American sites, and none of the chosen climatic factors could explain RIAV of NEE in evergreen needleleaf forests. Mean annual NEE significantly increased with latitude in grasslands. Precipitation was dominant environmental factor for the spatial variation of magnitude and IAV in GPP and Re in grasslands.
Staff – student relationships and their impact on nursing students’ belongingness and learning
Authors: Levett‐Jones Tracy , Lathlean Judith , Higgins Isabel , McMillan Margaret 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTitle.  Staff – student relationships and their impact on nursing students’ belongingness and learning.Aim.  This paper is a report of selected findings from a study exploring the relationship between belongingness and placement experiences of preregistration nursing students.Background.  Staff‐student relationships are an important influence on students’ experiences of belongingness and their clinical learning. The need to belong is universal and pervasive, exerting a powerful influence on thought processes, emotions, behaviour, health and happiness. People deprived of belongingness are more likely to experience diminished self‐esteem, increased stress and anxiety, depression and a decrease in general well‐being. Nursing students’ motivation and capacity to learn, self‐concept, confidence, the extent to which they are willing to question or conform to poor practice and their future career decisions are influenced by the extent to which they experience belongingness.Method.  During 2006, 18 third year students from two Australian universities and one United Kingdom university participated in in‐depth semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed thematically.Findings.  Participants described placement experiences spanning a continuum from those promoting a high degree of belongingness to those provoking intense feelings of alienation. Staff‐student relationships (including receptiveness, inclusion/exclusion, legitimization of the student role, recognition and appreciation, challenge and support) were the most important influence on students’ sense of belonging and learning. Similarities between sites were remarkable, despite the differences in healthcare and higher education systems.Conclusion.  Staff‐student relationships are key to students’ experience of belongingness. Understanding the types of interactions and behaviours that facilitate or impede students’ belongingness and learning are essential to the creation of positive clinical experiences.
The effect of three positioning methods on patient outcomes after cardiac catheterization
Authors: Rezaei‐Adaryani Morteza , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Mohamadi Eesa , Asghari‐Jafarabadi Mohammad 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTitle.  The effect of three positioning methods on patient outcomes after cardiac catheterization. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to investigate the effect of three positioning protocols on back pain, heart rate, blood pressure and vascular complications after cardiac catheterization.Background.  After cardiac catheterization, bed rest is prescribed in order to minimize vascular complications, but this often leads to back pain and other complications, such as hemodynamic instability.Methods.  A three‐group quasi‐experimental design was used in this study, which was conducted in 2006. A convenience sample of 105 patients was randomly assigned to either the control or the two experimental groups (A and B). The control group received routine care. Group B was treated only with modified positioning and group A with modified positioning and a pillow under their body. Back pain, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, haematoma formation and bleeding were measured at regular time intervals.Findings.  The control group experienced higher levels of pain after 3, 6, 8 hours and the morning after catheterization. The level of pain in group B was also higher than in group A at 3 hours after the procedure. Mean heart rate and blood pressure were lower in the experimental groups compared with the control group at 6 and 8 hours after catheterization. No statistically significant difference between the three groups regarding the amounts of overall bleeding and overall haematoma formation was observed.Conclusion.  Changing position in bed and using a supportive pillow during the early hours after cardiac catheterization can effectively minimize pain and hemodynamic instability without increasing vascular complications.
Incarceration and the tasks of grief: a narrative review
Authors: Hendry Chris 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTitle.  Incarceration and the tasks of grief: a narrative review. Aim.  This study is a report of a narrative review to explore the challenges facing prisoners and the corrections system in the presence of the death of a significant person to the prisoner.Background.  Death of a loved one is an important challenge, amplified for incarcerated men. There are unique aspects of incarceration that prevent prisoners from having access to usual ritual expressions and support structures.Data sources.  A search of the CINAHL, ProQuest Medical, PubMed, EBSCO and COCHRANE databases was conducted for papers published from 1998–2007. The search terms were bereavement and prison nursing. A hand search of material specific to grief and incarceration was also undertaken.Review methods.  A narrative technique involving reading, writing, thinking, interpreting, arguing and justifying was used to synthesize the material and create a convincing and cohesive story.Results.  Limited research is available specifically addressing the grief experience of incarcerated individuals or the impact of unresolved grief on recidivism. However, a number of potential challenges to the grieving process in the prison system are identified in the literature, such as the prison culture of toughness and limited options for funeral attendance.Conclusion.  Whilst the literature is scant, it is clear that issues of masculinity and culture have a strong impact on the ability of incarcerated men to resolve grief issues. More research is required to understand the impact of this on issues, such as recidivism. In the meantime, prison nurses have an important role to play in supporting prisoners who have lost a loved one during their incarceration.
The impact of neuropathic pain on relationships
Authors: Closs S. José , Staples Victoria , Reid Innes , Bennett Michael I. , Briggs Michelle 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTitle.  The impact of neuropathic pain on relationships. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study exploring the impact of neuropathic pain on family, social and working relationships among patients at a pain clinic serving a large urban area.Background.  Neuropathic pain is a particularly distressing type of chronic pain which is extremely difficult to manage successfully. It produces a range of unpleasant symptoms and adversely affects patients’ quality of life, but little is known about its personal impact.Method.  A descriptive and exploratory approach was used and 10 participants participated in three focus groups in 2005. Because of the low response rate of 20% from the initial sample, a second sample of 16 patients was invited to participate. However, only one person responded and therefore it was not possible to convene an additional group.Findings.  The unpleasant and bizarre nature of neuropathic pain underpinned much of its impact in terms of respondents’ difficulties in maintaining a range of relationships. For closer relationships, key difficulties centred on the reduction in quality and/or number of personal relationships. For more distant relationships and those with professionals, frustration at the invisibility of their pain and their own failure to communicate symptoms and its consequences were central.Conclusion.  More extensive work is needed to improve our understanding of how neuropathic pain is experienced, how it affects close and more distant kinds of relationships, and how healthcare professionals might best support people with persistent neuropathic pain to maintain personal and social relationships, and to communicate their pain effectively.
Perceived uncertainty, social support and psychological adjustment in older patients with cancer being treated with surgery
Authors: Lien Chin‐Yen , Lin Hung‐Ru , Kuo Ing‐Tiau , Chen Mei‐Ling 
Published: January 2009

Aim.  The purpose of this longitudinal correlative study was to explore the degree, compare the differences and to detect the relationships of uncertainty, social support and psychological adjustment for older cancer patients who were undergoing surgery.Background.  While the number of the older cancer patients has been increasing, there has been little research exploring their needs with respect to psychological adjustment during cancer treatment.Design.  The study used a pre‐/postdescriptive design.Methods.  Purposive sampling was used to recruit 43 patients aged 65–84 from six surgery wards in a medical centre in northern Taiwan from Jaunary 2005–May 2005. Participants were interviewed one to two days prior to surgery and interviewed again one to two days before hospital discharge. Demographic data, Mishel’s Uncertainty Illness Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were used to collect data.Results.  Uncertainty varied with cancer stage. At the time of surgery, the patients had moderate levels of uncertainty. There was a significant decrease in uncertainty at the second data collection period before hospital discharge. In these participants, anxiety was significantly associated with past medical history. The participants obtained social support from family members, physicians, nurses, relatives and other patients. Married patients had higher levels of social support than those without a spouse. Significant relationships were found among uncertainty and anxiety and depression. Interestingly, a positive relationship between anxiety and social support after surgery was also identified.Conclusion.  Increasing levels of social support could ameliorate the degree of uncertainty, anxiety and depression in older cancer patients. Nurses should provide resources to establish an effective social network to older cancer patients who were being treated surgically.Relevance to clinical practice.  These findings can assist nurses in understanding the psychological adjustment needs among older cancer patients who were undergoing surgery and provide appropriate intervention in nursing care.
Development of a simple scoring tool in the primary care setting for prediction of recurrent falls in men and women aged 65 years and over living in the community
Authors: Woo Jean , Leung Jason , Wong Samuel , Kwok Timothy , Lee Jenny , Lynn Henry 
Published: January 2009

Aim.  We documented the number of falls and falls risk profile over two years to derive a falls risks prediction score.Background.  Simple falls risk assessment tools not requiring equipment or trained personnel may be used as a first step in the primary care setting to identify older people at risk who may be referred for further falls risk assessment in special clinics.Design.  Survey.Method.  Men (n = 1941) and 1949 women aged 65 years and over living in the community were followed up for two years to document the number of falls. Information was collected regarding demography, socioeconomic status, medical history, functional limitations, lifestyle factors and psychosocial functioning. Measurements include body mass index, grip strength and stride length. Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictions of falls and to calculate predictive scores.Result.  Twelve factors in men and nine factors in women were used to construct a risk score. The AUC of the receiver operating characteristic curve was >0·70 for both men and women and a cut off score of ≥8 gave sensitivity and specificity values between 60–78%. The factors included chronic disease, drugs, functional limitation, lifestyle, education and psychosocial factors. When applied to future predictions, only low energy level and clumsiness in both hands in men and feeling downhearted in women, were significant factors.Conclusions.  A risk assessment tool with a cut off score of ≥8 developed from a two‐year prospective study of falls may be used in the community setting as an initial first step for screening out those at low risk of falls.Relevance to clinical practice.  A simple tool may be used in the community to screen out those at risk for falls, concentrating trained healthcare professionals’ time on detailed falls assessment and intervention for those classified as being at risk.