bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating International Clinical Education Encounters in Lithuania
Authors: Karosas Laima , Riklikiene Olga , Suprikiene Roberta 
Published: March 2009

Background:
Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, nurses from various countries have organized clinical education sessions in Lithuania to share expertise. Evaluation of these sessions has not been completed or disseminated. This study provides an evaluation of international continuing nursing education sessions in Lithuania.

Methods:
In the late 1990s, a group of nurses and health care professionals from a local college conducted educational symposia for Lithuanian nurses. Those who participated in at least one symposium were asked to complete questionnaires regarding the educational experience. A holistic framework was used to describe the experiences of U.S. and Lithuanian nurses.

Results:
Descriptive statistics indicated the Lithuanian nurses confirmed or learned new information and adapted it to their practice. The educational material was less challenging in the larger town of Kaunas than in the smaller area of Vilkaviškis. Suggestions for improvement included teaching in smaller groups to encourage discussion and, for the U.S. nurses, acquiring more information about the Lithuanian culture before the teaching trip.

Conclusions:
The goals of the symposia, to share knowledge and establish lasting relationships with Lithuanian nurses, were met. In addition, participants provided important advice for future educational trips.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(6):274–280.
Enhancing Nurse-Physician Collaboration Using Pediatric Simulation
Authors: Messmer Patricia R. 
Published: March 2009

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nurse-physician collaboration during simulation training.

Methods:
A human patient simulator (HPS) of three mock codes with life-threatening scenarios in children, an understudied population, was used. A set of standardized measures and observational techniques were used to determine levels of nurse-physician collaboration and interaction on multiple dimensions found to improve patient outcomes.

Results:

High levels of group cohesion (GC) and collaboration and satisfaction with patient care decisions (CSPCD) were identified among both physicians and nurses. The male respondents, regardless of discipline, had significantly higher GC scores (
p
= .029) and significantly higher CSPCD scores (
p
= .005) than the female respondents. Although the nurses and physicians self-reported good collaboration following the scenarios, analysis of the videotapes revealed that collaboration improved over time.

Conclusion:
The results of this study hold promise for this critical area of science that seeks to improve the outcomes of patients who experience life-threatening events.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2008;39(7):319–327.
Arctic species of the subgenus Symplecta sensu stricto (Diptera: Limoniidae)
Authors: Starý Jaroslav , Brodo Fenja 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSpecies of the subgenus Symplecta Meigen with Arctic, or at least partly Arctic, distributions are revised. Five species are redescribed: S. (S.) novaezemblae (Alexander), S. (S.) scotica (Edwards), S. (S.) mabelana (Alexander), S. (S.) sheldoni (Alexander), and S. (S.) horrida (Lackschewitz). Two new species are described: S. (S.) edlundaesp. nov. (Northwest Territories and Yukon, Canada) and S. (S.) echinatasp. nov. (eastern Siberia, Russia). Five new synonyms are proposed: Erioptera (S.) sunwapta Alexander and Helobia intermedia Lackschewitz = S. (S.) scotica; Erioptera (S.) platymera Alexander = S. (S.) mabelana; S. (S.) rotundiloba Podenas and Gelhaus = S. (S.) sheldoni; and Erioptera (Psiloconopa) chaetophora Alexander = S. (S.) horrida. Symplecta (Symplecta) scotica and S. (S.) mabelana are restored as full species from subspecies rank. Symplecta (Symplecta) horrida, previously placed in Erioptera (Mesocyphona) Osten Sacken, is transferred to Symplecta s.s. The distinctions between S. (S.) cana (Walker) and S. (S.) hybrida (Meigen) are clarified and the sympatric and syntopic occurrences of these species are documented. A key to the species treated, and illustrations of both male and female terminalia, are provided and the distribution of each species is outlined.
Occurrence and habitat of the endangered white flower moth, Schinia bimatris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Manitoba
Authors: Westwood A. Richard , Friesen Christopher P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe only known Canadian population of the white flower moth, Schinia bimatris Harvey, a federally listed endangered species, was rediscovered in 2003 in the dune area of Spruce Woods Provincial Park and Canadian Forces Base Shilo in Manitoba. Little is known about the biology or habitat requirements of this moth in North America. The dune area in Manitoba was surveyed for adult and immature stages of the species during July 2007 using light traps and daytime visual searches. A detailed vegetation survey was also completed in areas where moths were active. Whereas individuals caught in light traps were predominantly males, both females and males were observed to be very active during daylight hours. This is the first record of diurnal activity of the white flower moth in Canada. Adults were observed flying above dune crests and also resting on vegetation between open dunes. Although the current population appears robust, given the number of adults observed, a previous population approximation of up to 5000 individuals may be an overestimate because sand-dune habitat is limited. We were unable to locate immature stages or determine which host plant(s) were utilized by larvae.
Dealing with Shallow-Water Flow in the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ostermeier R.M. , Pelletier J.H. , Winker C.D. , Nicholson J.W. , Rambow F.H. , Cowan K.M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper presents our perspective of the shallow-water flow (SWF) problemin the Deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The nature of the problem, includingareal extent and overpressuring mechanisms, is discussed. Methods for sandprediction and shallow sediment and flow characterization are reviewed. Theseinclude seismic techniques, the use of geotechnical wells, regional trends, various MWD methods, and cements and settable spots. Finally, examples of flowincidents with pertinent drilling issues, including well failures andabandonment, are described.
Total trouble costs due to shallow-water flow for all GOM operators probablyruns into the several hundred million dollars. Though the problem remains aconcern, advances in our knowledge and understanding make it a problem that ismanageable and not the "show stopper" once feared.

Introduction
SWF may occur while drilling shallow over-pressured formations at deepwatersites. It is a high profile problem in the GOM, though it does occur elsewhere(Ref. 1) and will likely be encountered in other deepwater regions (Fig. 1).
Drilling shallow over-pressured sands may cause large and long lastinguncontrolled flows, well damage and foundation failure, formation compaction, damaged casing, and re-entry and control problems. Most spectacularly, eruptions from over-pressured sands may result in seafloor craters, mounds andcracks (Figs. 2 and 3). Eaton2, 3 has described the significant problems causedby SWF in the Ursa area. A recent inspection of 106 wells (Ref. 4) indicatedthat $175 MM has been spent on SWF and prevention and remediation on thosewells. Total industry costs due to SWF likely exceed several $100 MM.
The problem is compounded by the difficulty in seismically imaging thesesands (Refs. 5 and 6). This stems from the relatively low sand/shale contrastin acoustic impedance. The impact of this problem on well site selection andwell design is significant, and makes drilling in SWF areas particularlychallenging.
Next-Generation Cementing Systems to Control Shallow Water Flow
Authors: Faul Ronnie , Reddy B.R. , Griffith James , Fitzgerald Rocky , Waugh Bryan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
As documented in industry literature, shallow hazards, especially shallowwater flows (SWF's), pose a challenge in deepwater Gulf of Mexicooperations. 1,2 Cement systems that successfully solved SWF's were first used in1992. The first of these special systems was a lightweight nonfoamed system. In1994, special foamed lightweight systems were implemented and were provensuperior both in large-scale laboratory models and in field use. Severalspecial foamed-cement blends have been used to cement over 300 conductorcasings where SWF's were a threat. These formulations consisted of highlyactivated cements that required special blending at the shore base before beingtransported to the offshore rig. Because dry additives were used, the cementslurry could not be redesigned or modified, so any unused blend had to bediscarded. To address these challenges, the industry developed a lightweightfoamed-cement (LFC) slurry system. This system uses only liquid additives inconjunction with the dry Portland cement on board the rig. The LFC systemprovides a low-density slurry with short transition times to help prevent SWF's while maintaining zonal isolation, adequate placement time, and shorterwaiting-on-cement (WOC) time.

Introduction
Well construction in deep water (&gt;1,000 ft) requires special techniquesfor installing conductor casings. Formations where conductor pipe will becemented are unconsolidated and relatively young geologically (Fig. 1, Page 5). Consequently, these shallow formations have the potential for abnormallypressured saltwater sands, also known as SWF zones. Weak formations andpressured sands present very narrow margins between the pore pressure and thefracture gradient, which can cause a loss of cement returns.
The presence of SWF's in the Gulf of Mexico was first observed in 1985.1 Theeconomic impact of lost wells, rig time, and remedial actions has amounted tomillions of dollars. An economic analysis of SWF's, presented by an operator atthe 1999 International Forum, revealed that the industry has spentapproximately $1.6 million per well on this problem. This analysis alsorevealed that about one-third of the money has been spent on prevention andtwo-thirds on remediation. Some experts believe that more money spent onpreventative measures would result in fewer remedial events. Research money hasalso been spent developing new technology that may provide better, moreeconomical solutions.
Exploring the interactions between signal sequences and E. coli SRP by two distinct and complementary crosslinking methods
Authors: Clérico Eugenia M. , Szymańska Aneta , Gierasch Lila M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhotoaffinity crosslinking comprises a group of invaluable techniques used to investigate in detail a binding interaction between two polypeptides. As the diverse photo crosslinking techniques available display inherent differences, the method of choice will provide specific information about a particular system under study. We used two complementary crosslinking approaches: photo‐induced crosslinking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) and benzophenone‐mediated (BPM) crosslinking to extensively examine the interaction between the signal recognition particle (SRP) and signal sequences. Signal peptide binding by SRP presents a central puzzle in the protein targeting process because signal sequences must be recognized with fidelity but lack strict primary structural homology. The concurrent use of PICUP and BPM crosslinking to link signal peptides to E. coli SRP allowed us to explore the crosslinking pattern resulting from using different crosslinking chemistries, varying the position of the photoprobe in the hydrophobic core of the signal sequence, and shifting the crosslinking reactive group away from the signal peptide backbone. By PICUP, signal peptides crosslinked exclusively to the NG domain of the SRP protein Ffh, regardless of the position of the reactive residue. Benzophenone‐modified amino acids preferentially crosslinked the signal peptide to the C‐terminal (M) domain of Ffh. We conclude that signal peptide binding is largely mediated by the M domain. Importantly, our data also indicate intimate, at least transient, contacts between the hydrophobic core of the signal peptide and the NG domain. These results reopen the possibility of a direct involvement of the NG domain in signal sequence recognition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 201–211, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Toward an antitumor form of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease: The crystal structure of three noncovalent dimeric mutants
Authors: Merlino Antonello , Krauss Irene Russo , Perillo Margherita , Mattia Carlo Andrea , Ercole Carmine , Picone Delia , Vergara Alessandro , Sica Filomena 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe cytotoxic action of bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS‐RNase) depends on its noncovalent swapped dimeric form (NCD‐BS), which presents a compact structure that allows the molecule to escape ribonuclease inhibitor (RI). A key role in the acquisition of this structure has been attributed to the concomitant presence of a proline in position 19 and a leucine in position 28. The introduction of Leu28, Cys31, and Cys32 and, in addition, of Pro19 in the sequence of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) has produced two dimeric variants LCC and PLCC, which do exhibit a cytotoxic activity, though at a much lower level than BS‐RNase. The crystal structure analysis of the noncovalent swapped form (NCD) of LCC and PLCC, complexed with the substrate analogue 2 ′‐deoxycytidylyl(3 ′,5 ′)‐2 ′‐deoxyguanosine, has revealed that, differently from NCD‐BS, the dimers adopt an opened quaternary structure, with the two Leu residues fully exposed to the solvent, that does not hinder the binding of RI. Similar results have been obtained for a third mutant of the pancreatic enzyme, engineered with the hinge peptide sequence of the seminal enzyme (residues 16–22) and the two cysteines in position 31 and 32, but lacking the hydrophobic Leu residue in position 28. The comparison of these three structures with those previously reported for other ribonuclease swapped dimers strongly suggests that, in addition to Pro19 and Leu28, the presence of a glycine at the N‐terminal end of the hinge peptide is also important to push the swapped form of RNase A dimer into the compact quaternary organization observed for NCD‐BS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1029–1037, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Anatomy of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Cloft Harry , Kallmes David F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLateral C1‐C2 puncture is associated with a number of complications including damage of aberrant posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA). We propose to determine the frequency of cases in which the PICA originates or descends below C1, thus posing a risk to the patient undergoing lateral C1‐C2 puncture. Two hundred and eleven consecutive patients who received bilateral or unilateral vertebral angiography for evaluation of cerebrovascular lesions were included in this study. In total, 346 PICAs were studied. Lateral vertebral angiograms were analyzed for the location of the origin of the PICA and the inferior‐most portion of the PICA relative to three anatomical regions. Region 1 was defined as the region above the foramen magnum. Region 2 was defined as the region below the foramen magnum but above the inferior border of the posterior arch of C1. Region 3 was defined as the region below the inferior border of the posterior arch of C1. In 2 of 346 angiograms (0.6%) and 2 of 211 patients (0.9%), the caudal loop of the PICA descended to Region 3. The PICA did not originate in Region 3 in any cases. In ∼1% of patients in our study, the caudal loop of the PICA descended into a region that may have placed it at risk for damage during C1‐C2 puncture. Our study suggests that it may be important for radiologists to assess the arterial anatomy of the C1‐C2 region before performing C1‐C2 puncture. Clin. Anat. 22:319–323, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of pure and doped potassium hydrogen tartrate single crystals grown in silica gel
Authors: Quasim I. , Firdous A. , Sahni N. , Khosa S. K. , Kotru P. N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGrowth of pure‐, sodium‐ and lithium‐ doped potassium hydrogen tartrate single crystals by gel technique is reported. Growth conditions conducive for the growth of single crystals are worked out. The crystals are characterized by using powder XRD, SEM, FTIR, AES, EDAX, CH analysis and thermoanalytical techniques. The stoichiometric composition for the grown crystals are established as KHC4H4O6.H2O, (K)0.98(Na)0.02.H2O and (K)0.94(Li)0.06HC4H4O6.H2O. Doping of sodium and lithium in the pure potassium hydrogen tartrate single crystals is found to influence the size, perfection, morphology, crystal structure and the thermal stability of crystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of light wavelength and intensity on the production of ethanol bySaccharomyces cerevisiaein batch cultures
Authors: Shu Chin‐Hang , Huang Chun‐Kai , Tsai Chieh‐Chung 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Photoreceptors have been identified inSaccharomyces cerevisae, however, the influence of light on the performance of ethanol fermentation ofS. cerevisiaeis not yet clear. The aims of this study are to elucidate the influence of light wavelength and intensity on the growth and ethanol production ofS. cerevisiaeand to describe a novel two‐stage LED light process to optimize ethanol fermentation.RESULTS:Experimental results indicated that maximum biomass concentration Xmaxof the batch under red LED light increased monotonically with light intensity, and the optimal specific product yield Yp/xwas 13.2 g g−1at 600 lux. Maximum ethanol concentration Pmaxof the batch under blue LED light increased monotonically with light intensity, and the optimal Yp/xwas 18.4 g g−1at 900 lux. A novel two‐stage LED light process achieved maximum Pmax, of 98.7 g dm−3resulting in 36% improvement compared with that of the batch in the dark.CONCLUSION:The light wavelength and its intensity significantly affected cell growth and ethanol formation ofS. cerevisiae. Red LED light (630 nm) stimulated cell growth but slightly inhibited ethanol formation. In contrast, blue LED light (470 nm) significantly inhibited cell growth but stimulated ethanol formation. A novel two‐stage LED light process has been successfully demonstrated to optimize ethanol fermentation ofS. cerevisiae. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Reaction of indol‐3(2H)‐one derivatives with some active methylene compounds
Authors: Daisley Roy W. , Elagbar Zaha A. , Walker John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of substituted (Z)‐ and (E)‐2‐arylmethylideneindolin‐3(2H)‐ones with malononitrile gave the Micheal addition products which could be cyclised to the corresponding pyrano[3,2‐b]indole. Larger molecules such as cyanoacetic acid and ethyl cyanoacetate failed to react.
The synthesis of macrocyclic polyether‐diesters incorporating 1,10‐phenanthrolino and 1,8‐naphthyridino subunits
Authors: Chandler Christopher J. , Deady Leslie W. , Reiss James A. , Tzimos Vasilios 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparation of a series of macrocycles, formed by reaction of HO‐(‐CH2‐CH2‐O‐)nH with 1,10‐phenanthroline‐2,9‐dicarbonyl chloride (n = 2,3,4) and 1,8‐naphthyridine‐2,7‐dicarbonyl chloride (n = 3,4), is described. An improved synthetic route to 2,7‐dimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine 9 is also reported.
Synthesis and biological activity of some new aminoacylcarbazole derivatives. Part I
Authors: El‐Nagger A. M. , Ahmed F. S. M. , El‐Salam A. M. Abd , El‐Gazzar M. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of different 9‐(N‐phthalyl‐ orN‐tosyl‐ or free aminoacyl)carbazoles and the corresponding derivatives of 3,6‐dinitrocarbazoles and some derivatives of 3,6‐diamino‐9‐(N‐phthalylaminoacyl)carbazoles (II‐XXXII) are described. Compounds VIII, XIII‐XVII and XXIII‐XXVII were found to be active against a number of microorganisms.
New heterocyclic ring systems. XIII. 7,11‐Dithiaazasteroid analogues
Authors: Cecchetti V. , Fravolini A. , Schiaffella F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSynthesis of the tittle compounds has been achieved starting with the new tricyclic ring, 6‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H,6H‐thiopyrano[3,2‐c][2,1]benzothiazine 5,5‐dioxide (III). This compound was converted to the glyoxylate VI, the β‐ketoester IX, a difluoride complex XIII and an enamino ketone XXIV which, by hydrazine, hydroxylamine and glycine treatment, gave 7,11‐dithiaazasteroid analogues. Some unexpected products were also obtained from the ketone XVIII and the β‐diketone XIX by treatment with chloroacetone and hydrazine respectively.
Studies on v‐triazoles. Part V. Acylation, alkylation and sulphonation reactions of ethyl 5‐(4‐hydroxyphenoxy)‐1H‐v‐triazole‐4‐carboxylate
Authors: Buckle Derek R. , Rockell Caroline J. M. , Oliver Robert S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe alkylation of 5‐(4‐hydroxyphenoxy)‐1H‐v‐triazolecarboxylate (1) under alkaline conditions was shown to yield exclusively isomeric N‐2 and N‐3 alkylation products, the structures of which were assigned by ir, 1H nmr and, 3C nmr spectroscopy. Acylation and sulphonation under similar conditions resulted in exclusive attack at the phenolic oxygen of 1, possibly by the migration of an initially formed N‐derivative.
Die polonovski‐reaktion an 3,4‐dihydro‐4‐methyl‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐carbonsäurederivaten; ein neuer syntheseweg zu 4H‐1,4‐benzoxazinen. 10. Mitteilung über studien zur chemie der 1,4‐oxazine
Authors: Bartsch Herbert , Schwarz Otto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDie Dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐2‐carbonsäurederivate 4a, 5 und 6, deren Darstellung beschrieben wird, liefern bei der Umsetzung nach einer Variante der Polonovski‐Reaktion unterschiedliche Resultate. Aus 4a werden neben 9 der Ester 7 sowie 8 erhalten, während aus 5 lediglich 10 entsteht. Verbindung 6 liefert neben 12 das Nitril 11. Die Bildung der Dehydroprodukte zeigt eine starke Abhängigkeit von der CH‐Acidität der Ausgangsverbindungen. Während die Reduktion von 7 mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid nur Zer‐setzungsprodukte liefert, wird mit Redal® /Morpholin 16 erhalten. Die Darstellung von 17, die aus 16 unmöglich ist, gelingt mit Redal® /Morpholin aus 4a.
Synthesis of N‐alkyl derivatives of 4‐(2′‐aminoethyl)indole
Authors: Cannon Joseph G. , Demopoulos Basil J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractN‐Substituted 4‐(2′‐aminoethyl)indoles are attainable in good yields from indole‐4‐acetic acid (2). Several methods of preparation for 2 were tried or considered. A new sequence involving Arndt‐Eistert homologation of indole‐4‐carboxylic acid has been devised, which is no more laborious than a literature homologation sequence involving indole‐4‐acetonitrile, and which provides somewhat better overall yields than the literature method.
Furopyridines. I. Synthesis of furo[2,3‐c]pyridine
Authors: Shiotani Shunsaku , Morita Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe parent framework of furo[2,3‐c]pyridine has been synthesized. 3‐Furoic acid chloride (2) was reduced with bis(triphenylphosphine) copper(1) tetrahydroborate to afford 3‐furaldehyde (3) which was condensed with malonic acid to give β‐(3‐furyl)acrylic acid (4). The acrylic acid 4 was converted to the acid azide (5), which in turn was cyclized to give furo[2,3‐c]pyridin‐7(6H)‐one (6) by heating at 180° in diphenylmethane. The pyridone 6 was chlorinated with phosphorus oxychloride, followed by reduction with zinc and acetic acid to give furo[2,3‐c]pyridine (8).