bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smarter in the city? Lizards from urban and semi-natural habitats do not differ in a cognitive task in two syntopic species
Authors: Damas-Moreira Isabel , Szabo Birgit , Drosopoulos Georgios , Stober Carolin , Lisičić Duje , Caspers Barbara A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urbanization occurs at a global scale, imposing dramatic and abrupt environmental changes that lead to biodiversity loss. Yet, some animal species can handle these changes, and thrive in such artificial environments. One possible explanation is that urban individuals are equipped with better cognitive abilities, but most studies have focused on birds and mammals and yielded varied results. Reptiles have received much less attention, despite some lizard species being common city dwellers. The Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus, and the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, are two successful lizards in anthropogenic habitats that thrive in urban locations. To test for differences in a cognitive skill between urban and semi-natural environments, we investigated inhibitory control through a detour task in syntopic populations of the two species, across 249 lizards that were tested in partially artificial field settings. Sophisticated inhibitory control is considered essential for higher degrees of cognitive flexibility and other higher-level cognitive abilities. In this task, we confronted lizards with a transparent barrier, separating them from a desired shelter area that they could only reach by controlling their impulse to go straight and instead detour the barrier. We found no differences between lizards in urban and semi-natural environments, nor between species, but females overall performed better than males. Moreover, 48% of the lizards in our study did not perform a correct trial in any of the 5 trials, hinting at the difficulty of the task for these species. This study is among the first to address lizard cognition, through their inhibitory control, as a potential explanation for success in cities and highlights one should be careful with assuming that urban animals generally have enhanced cognitive performance, as it might be taxa, task, or condition dependent.
Academic Collaboration in the Early Enlightenment: Daniel Waterland (1683–1740) and his Cambridge Tyros
Authors: Bailey Natasha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While early modern collaborative practices have long been associated with the natural sciences, humanistic scholarship has mostly been depicted, ever since Mark Pattison’s classic biography of Isaac Casaubon, as a lonely and even self-destructive affair. This article reconstructs a moment in English intellectual history when textual scholars did collaborate in a semi-professional manner. To this end, it examines the relationship between Daniel Waterland, Master of Magdalene College, Cambridge, and three ambitious young scholars who assumed roles within his enterprise: Edmund Law, Thomas Johnson and John Chapman. By showing how an unofficial research team was assembled over several years and directed to perform separate but related tasks with the stated goal of defending the Church of England, the article highlights the dynamics at work within a collective, subtly top-down model of scholarly interaction. Though a passing reference has been made in the historiography to ‘Waterland & Company’, this article is the first to delve into the nature and scope of this network and its sometimes contradictory objectives.
Effect of epoprostenol-induced thrombocytopaenia on lung transplantation for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Date Naoki , Nakajima Daisuke , Ikeda Masaki , Nishikawa Shigeto , Tanaka Satona , Yamada Yoshito , Yutaka Yojiro , Hamaji Masatsugu , Menju Toshi , Ohsumi Akihiro , Date Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Preoperative intravenous epoprostenol therapy can cause thrombocytopaenia, which may increase the risk of perioperative bleeding during lung transplantation. This study aimed to determine whether lung transplantation can be safely performed in patients with epoprostenol-induced thrombocytopaenia.

METHODS
From June 2008 to July 2022, we performed 37 lung transplants in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including idiopathic PAH (n = 26), congenital heart disease-associated PAH (n = 7), pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (n = 3) and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (n = 1) at our institution. Of these, 26 patients received intravenous epoprostenol therapy (EPO group), whereas 11 patients were treated with no epoprostenol (no-EPO group). We retrospectively analysed the preoperative and postoperative platelet counts and post-transplant outcomes in each group.

RESULTS
Preoperative platelet counts were relatively lower in the EPO group than in the no-EPO group (median EPO: 127 000 vs no-EPO: 176 000/μl). However, blood loss during surgery was similar between the 2 groups (EPO: 2473 ml vs no-EPO: 2615 ml). The platelet counts significantly increased over 1 month after surgery, and both groups showed similar platelet counts (EPO: 298 000 vs no-EPO: 284 000/μl). In-hospital mortality (EPO: 3.9% vs no-EPO: 18.2%) and the 3-year survival rate (EPO: 91.4% vs no-EPO: 80.8%) were similar between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with PAH treated with intravenous epoprostenol showed relatively lower platelet counts, which improved after lung transplantation with good post-transplant outcomes.
Uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery: segmentectomy versus lobectomy—early outcomes
Authors: Sachs Erik , Jackson Veronica , Al-Ameri Mamdoh , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To assess the feasibility and safety of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy compared with lobectomy by studying early postoperative outcomes.

METHODS
We included all patients who underwent uniportal segmentectomy and lobectomy between 2017 and 2022 at Karolinska University Hospital. Early clinical outcomes were compared between the uniportal segmentectomy and lobectomy groups. Differences in baseline characteristics were addressed using inverse probability of treatment weighting.

RESULTS
A total of 833 patients (232 segmentectomy, 601 lobectomy) were included. The number of uniportal operations increased during the study period. Patients in the segmentectomy and lobectomy groups, respectively, had stage I lung cancer in 65% and 43% of the cases; 97% and 94% had no postoperative complications, the median number of lymph node stations sampled was 4 vs 5, and non-radical microscopic resection occurred in 1.7% vs 1.8%. The drains were removed on postoperative day 1 in 75% vs 72% of the patients following segmentectomy and lobectomy, respectively, and 90% vs 89% were discharged directly home.

CONCLUSIONS
Uniportal video-assisted segmentectomy was performed with similar early postoperative clinical results compared with uniportal lobectomy in patients with benign, metastatic or early-stage lung cancer.
Clinical and radiological septic joint analysis of spontaneous sternoclavicular joint infections: achieving the best outcomes—a systems engineering approach
Authors: Pothini Tanushri , Wilmot Charles D , Waters John K , Wait Michael A , Reznik Scott I , Jordan Kirk G , Caire Jacqueline T , Ashworth John M , Cady Leah C , Lysikowski Jerzy R , Yen Christina F , Weinschenk Robert C , Samade Richard , Jessen Michael E , Kusiak Andrew , Kernstine Kemp H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Spontaneous sternoclavicular joint infection (SSCJI) is a rare and poorly understood disease process. This study aims to identify factors guiding effective management strategies for SSCJI by using data mining.

METHODS
An Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of patients from 2 large hospitals (2010–2022) was conducted. SSCJI is defined as a joint infection without direct trauma or radiation, direct instrumentation or contiguous spread. An interdisciplinary team consisting of thoracic surgeons, radiologists, infectious disease specialists, orthopaedic surgeons, hospital information experts and systems engineers selected relevant variables. Small set data mining algorithms, utilizing systems engineering, were employed to assess the impact of variables on patient outcomes.

RESULTS
A total of 73 variables were chosen and 54 analysed against 11 different outcomes. Forty-seven patients [mean age 51 (22–82); 77% male] met criteria. Among them, 34 underwent early joint surgical resection (&lt;14 days), 5 patients received delayed surgical intervention (&gt;14 days) and 8 had antibiotic-only management. The antibiotic-only group had comparable outcomes. Indicators of poor outcomes were soft tissue fluid &gt;4.5 cm, previous SSCJI, moderate/significant bony fragments, HgbA1c &gt;13.9% and moderate/significant bony sclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that targeted antibiotic-only therapy should be considered initially for SSCJI cases while concurrently managing comorbidities. Patients displaying indicators of poor outcomes or no symptomatic improvement after antibiotic-only therapy should be considered for surgical joint resection.
International consensus on mitotane treatment in pediatric patients with adrenal cortical tumors: indications, therapy, and management of adverse effects
Authors: Riedmeier Maria , Antonini Sonir R R , Brandalise Silvia , Costa Tatiana El Jaick B , Daiggi Camila M , de Figueiredo Bonald C , de Krijger Ronald R , De Sá Rodrigues Karla Emília , Deal Cheri , Del Rivero Jaydira , Engstler Gernot , Fassnacht Martin , Fernandes Luiz Canali Gabriela C , Molina Carlos A Fernandes , Gonc Elmas Nazli , Gültekin Melis , Haak Harm R , Guran Tulay , Hendriks Allaird Emile J , Idkowiak Jan , Kuhlen Michaela , Malkin David , Meena Jagdish Prasad , Pamporaki Christina , Pinto Emilia , Puglisi Soraya , Ribeiro Raul C , Thompson Lester D R , Yalcin Bilgehan , Van Noesel Max , Wiegering Verena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Mitotane is an important cornerstone in the treatment of pediatric adrenal cortical tumors (pACC), but experience with the drug in the pediatric age group is still limited and current practice is not guided by robust evidence. Therefore, we have compiled international consensus statements from pACC experts on mitotane indications, therapy, and management of adverse effects.

Methods
A Delphi method with 3 rounds of questionnaires within the pACC expert consortium of the international network groups European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors pediatric working group (ENSAT-PACT) and International Consortium of pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ICPACT) was used to create 21 final consensus statements.

Results
We divided the statements into 4 groups: environment, indications, therapy, and adverse effects. We reached a clear consensus for mitotane treatment for advanced pACC with stages III and IV and with incomplete resection/tumor spillage. For stage II patients, mitotane is not generally indicated. The timing of initiating mitotane therapy depends on the clinical condition of the patient and the setting of the planned therapy. We recommend a starting dose of 50 mg/kg/d (1500 mg/m²/d) which can be increased up to 4000 mg/m2/d. Blood levels should range between 14 and 20 mg/L. Duration of mitotane treatment depends on the clinical risk profile and tolerability. Mitotane treatment causes adrenal insufficiency in virtually all patients requiring glucocorticoid replacement shortly after beginning. As the spectrum of adverse effects of mitotane is wide-ranging and can be life-threatening, frequent clinical and neurological examinations (every 2-4 weeks), along with evaluation and assessment of laboratory values, are required.

Conclusions
The Delphi method enabled us to propose an expert consensus statement, which may guide clinicians, further adapted by local norms and the individual patient setting. In order to generate evidence, well-constructed studies should be the focus of future efforts.
Severe mental illness: cardiovascular risk assessment and management
Authors: Polcwiartek Christoffer , O’Gallagher Kevin , Friedman Daniel J , Correll Christoph U , Solmi Marco , Jensen Svend Eggert , Nielsen René Ernst 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die on average 15–20 years earlier than the general population often due to sudden death that, in most cases, is caused by cardiovascular disease. This state-of-the-art review aims to address the complex association between SMI and cardiovascular risk, explore disparities in cardiovascular care pathways, describe how to adequately predict cardiovascular outcomes, and propose targeted interventions to improve cardiovascular health in patients with SMI. These patients have an adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile due to an interplay between biological factors such as chronic inflammation, patient factors such as excessive smoking, and healthcare system factors such as stigma and discrimination. Several disparities in cardiovascular care pathways have been demonstrated in patients with SMI, resulting in a 47% lower likelihood of undergoing invasive coronary procedures and substantially lower rates of prescribed standard secondary prevention medications compared with the general population. Although early cardiovascular risk prediction is important, conventional risk prediction models do not accurately predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes as cardiovascular disease and mortality are only partly driven by traditional risk factors in this patient group. As such, SMI-specific risk prediction models and clinical tools such as the electrocardiogram and echocardiogram are necessary when assessing and managing cardiovascular risk associated with SMI. In conclusion, there is a necessity for differentiated cardiovascular care in patients with SMI. By addressing factors involved in the excess cardiovascular risk, reconsidering risk stratification approaches, and implementing multidisciplinary care models, clinicians can take steps towards improving cardiovascular health and long-term outcomes in patients with SMI.
Artificial intelligence–based assessment of built environment from Google Street View and coronary artery disease prevalence
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Dazard Jean-Eudes , Khalifa Yassin , Motairek Issam , Al-Kindi Sadeer , Rajagopalan Sanjay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Built environment plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Tools to evaluate the built environment using machine vision and informatic approaches have been limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between machine vision–based built environment and prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in US cities.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used features extracted from Google Street View (GSV) images to measure the built environment and link them with prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Convolutional neural networks, linear mixed-effects models, and activation maps were utilized to predict health outcomes and identify feature associations with CHD at the census tract level. The study obtained 0.53 million GSV images covering 789 census tracts in seven US cities (Cleveland, OH; Fremont, CA; Kansas City, MO; Detroit, MI; Bellevue, WA; Brownsville, TX; and Denver, CO).

Results
Built environment features extracted from GSV using deep learning predicted 63% of the census tract variation in CHD prevalence. The addition of GSV features improved a model that only included census tract-level age, sex, race, income, and education or composite indices of social determinant of health. Activation maps from the features revealed a set of neighbourhood features represented by buildings and roads associated with CHD prevalence.

Conclusions
In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of CHD was associated with built environment factors derived from GSV through deep learning analysis, independent of census tract demographics. Machine vision–enabled assessment of the built environment could potentially offer a more precise approach to identify at-risk neighbourhoods, thereby providing an efficient avenue to address and reduce cardiovascular health disparities in urban environments.
Cleft closure and other predictors of contemporary outcomes after atrioventricular canal repair in patients with parachute left atrioventricular valve
Authors: McGeoghegan Patrick B , Lu Minmin , Sleeper Lynn A , Emani Sitaram M , Baird Christopher W , Feins Eric N , Gellis Laura A , Friedman Kevin G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Parachute left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) complicates atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) repair. We evaluate outcomes of AVSD patients with parachute LAVV and identify risk factors for adverse outcomes.

METHODS
We evaluated all patients undergoing repair of AVSD with parachute LAVV from 2012 to 2021. The primary outcome was a composite of time-to-death, LAVV reintervention and development of greater than or equal to moderate LAVV dysfunction (greater than or equal to moderate LAVV stenosis and/or LAVV regurgitation). Event-free survival for the composite outcome was estimated using Kaplan–Meier methodology and competing risks analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of the primary outcome.

RESULTS
A total of 36 patients were included with a median age at repair of 4 months (interquartile range 2.3–5.5 months). Over a median follow-up of 2.6 years (interquartile range 1.0–5.6 years), 6 (17%) patients underwent LAVV reintervention. All 6 patients who underwent LAVV reintervention had right-dominant AVSD. Sixteen patients (44%) met the composite outcome, and all did so within 2 years of initial repair. Transitional AVSD (versus complete), prior single-ventricle palliation, leaving the cleft completely open and greater than or equal to moderate preoperative LAVV regurgitation were associated with a higher risk of LAVV reintervention in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, leaving the cleft completely open was associated with the composite outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
Repair of AVSD with parachute LAVV remains a challenge with a significant burden of LAVV reintervention and dysfunction in medium-term follow-up. Unbalanced, right-dominant AVSDs are at higher risk for LAVV reintervention. Leaving the cleft completely open might independently predict poor overall outcomes and should be avoided when possible.

Clinical trial registration number
IRB-P00041642
Memory Fusion, Diplomatic Agency, and Armenian Genocide Recognition in the Czech Republic
Authors: Fittante Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Scholars often emphasize how right-wing political actors in Europe use memory laws to undermine democratic traditions and revise historical accounts. But a broad range of political actors (with diverse motivations) support memory laws. Synthesizing research in international political sociology and memory politics, this analysis examines the relational and social practices of diplomats from small states and the creative strategies of center-left political insiders in the creation and passage of memory laws. Based on data collected in the Czech Republic, the article investigates how relational and social dynamics, in part, inspired members of parliament (from the Czech Social Democratic Party) to insert Armenian Genocide recognition into memory laws about the Holocaust and Second World War in the Chamber of Deputies (2017) and the Senate (2020) – a strategy I refer to as memory fusion. In developing the framework of memory fusion, however, the findings also explore how Turkish diplomats use a similar strategy to pursue their own goals.
Co-occurring microflora and mucin drive Pseudomonas aeruginosa diversification and pathoadaptation
Authors: Bottery Michael J , Johansen Helle Krogh , Pitchford Jon W , Friman Ville-Petri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While several environmental factors contribute to the evolutionary diversification of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa during cystic fibrosis lung infections, relatively little is known about the impact of the surrounding microbiota. By using in vitro experimental evolution, we show that the presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, or them both, prevent the evolution of loss of virulence, which repeatedly occurs in the absence of these species due to mutations in regulators of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal quorum sensing system, vqsM and pqsR. Moreover, the strength of the effect of co-occurring species is attenuated through changes in the physical environment by the addition of mucin, resulting in selection for phenotypes resembling those evolved in the absence of the co-occurring species. Together, our findings show that variation in mucosal environment and the surrounding polymicrobial environment can determine the evolutionary trajectory of P. aeruginosa, partly explaining its diversification and pathoadaptation from acute to chronic phenotype during cystic fibrosis lung infections.
Multiomics plasma effects of switching from triple antiretroviral regimens to dolutegravir plus lamivudine
Authors: de Lazzari Elisa , Negredo Eugenia B , Domingo Pere , Tiraboschi Juan M , Ribera Esteve , Abdulghani Nadia , Alba Verònica , Fernández-Arroyo Salvador , Viladés Consuelo , Peraire Joaquim , Gatell Jose M , Blanco Jose L , Vidal Francesc , Rull Anna , Martinez Esteban 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The DOLAM trial revealed that switching from triple antiretroviral therapy (three-drug regimen; 3DR) to dolutegravir plus lamivudine (two-drug regimen; 2DR) was virologically non-inferior to continuing 3DR after 48 weeks of follow-up. Weight increased with 2DR relative to 3DR but it did not impact on metabolic parameters.

Methods
Multiomics plasma profile was performed to gain further insight into whether this therapy switch might affect specific biological pathways. DOLAM (EudraCT 201500027435) is a Phase 4, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial in which virologically suppressed persons with HIV treated with 3DR were assigned (1:1) to switch to 2DR or to continue 3DR for 48 weeks. Untargeted proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics analyses were performed at baseline and at 48 weeks. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify changes in key molecules between both therapy arms.

Results
Switching from 3DR to 2DR showed a multiomic impact on circulating plasma concentration of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (Q96PD5), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (A6XND0), alanine and triglyceride (TG) (48:0). Correlation analyses identified an association among the up-regulation of these four molecules in persons treated with 2DR.

Conclusions
Untargeted multiomics profiling studies identified molecular changes potentially associated with inflammation immune pathways, and with lipid and glucose metabolism. Although these changes could be associated with potential metabolic or cardiovascular consequences, their clinical significance remains uncertain. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and to assess their long-term clinical consequences.