bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and use of a multimedia trainer for the subject Descriptive Geometry
Authors: Pérez Morales Máximo , Peñín Pedro Álvarez , Sevillano Ángeles Pascual , Cerra Pablo Pando 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLess and less time is being dedicated to Descriptive Geometry in Technical Careers. For that reason, a multimedia application that allows us improve and optimize the teaching–learning process in the resolution of typical problems of this subject has been designed. Easy of use, interactiveness or efficiency are characteristics that can be related to this application. In this article, we describe the more important aspects of the developed Multimedia Trainer, as well as the results obtained in an experience with students with the purpose of evaluating its possibilities of use. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 13–24, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae20164
Structure determination of chiral sulfoxide in diastereomeric bicalutamide derivatives
Authors: Li Wei , Hwang Dong Jin , Cremer Dieter , Joo Hyun , Kraka Elfi , Kim Juhyun , Ross Charles R. , Nguyen Viet Q. , Dalton James T. , Miller Duane D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and investigation of two diastereomers (5a and 5b) of a new bicalutamide analog with an asymmetric carbon atom and a chiral sulfoxide group. These bicalutamide analogs are novel androgen receptor antagonists with biological activities that depend significantly on the configuration of their stereogenic centers. We determined the absolute configuration at the SO center by combining X‐ray and NMR measurements with quantum chemical calculations. Since 5a and 5b failed to yield satisfactory crystals for X‐ray crystal structure determination, analogs 6a and 6b differing in only one remote functional group relative to the chiral sulfoxide were synthesized, which yielded satisfactory crystals. X‐ray structure determination of 6a and 6b provided the absolute configuration at the chiral sulfoxide. Since the structural difference between 5 and 6 is remote from the chiral sulfoxide, the structural assignment was extended from the diastereomers of 6 to those of 5 provisionally. These assignments were verified with the help of measured and DFT‐calculated proton and carbon NMR chemical shifts. Chirality, 2008. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quantitative study of spinothalamic neurons in laminae I, III, and IV in lumbar and cervical segments of the rat spinal cord
Authors: Al‐Khater Khulood M. , Kerr Robert , Todd Andrew J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe major ascending outputs from superficial spinal dorsal horn consist of projection neurons in lamina I, together with neurons in laminae III–IV that express the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1r) and have dendrites that enter the superficial laminae. Some neurons in each of these populations belong to the spinothalamic tract, which conveys nociceptive information via the thalamus to cortical areas involved in pain. A projection from the cervical superficial dorsal horn to the posterior triangular nucleus (PoT) has recently been identified. PoT is at the caudal end of the thalamus and was not included in injection sites in many previous retrograde tracing studies. We have injected various tracers (cholera toxin B subunit, Fluoro‐Gold, and fluorescent latex microspheres) into the thalamus to estimate the number of spinothalamic neurons in each of these two populations, and to investigate their projection targets. Most lamina I and lamina III/IV NK1r‐immunoreactive spinothalamic neurons in cervical and lumbar segments could be labeled from injections centered on PoT. Our results suggest that there are 90 lamina I spinothalamic neurons per side in C7 and 15 in L4 and that some of those in C7 only project to PoT. We found that 85% of the lamina III/IV NK1r‐immunoreactive neurons in C6 and 17% of those in L5 belong to the spinothalamic tract, and these apparently project exclusively to the caudal thalamus, including PoT. Because PoT projects to second somatosensory and insular cortices, our results suggest that these are major targets for information conveyed by both these populations of spinothalamic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:1–18, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the transcriptional regulation of the regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) gene during 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte differentiation
Authors: Cheng Ya‐Shan , Lee Tzong‐Shyuan , Hsu Hui‐Chi , Kou Yu Ru , Wu Yuh‐Lin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAdipocyte differentiation is a complex process involving several signaling pathways. Molecular mechanisms regulating the very early stage of adipocyte differentiation is not fully appreciated yet. Several inducible genes at the early stage of preadipocyte differentiation have been identified, including the regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2), a member of the RGS protein superfamily. This study aimed to clarify the precise induction profile of RGS2 and to determine the essential transcription element(s) regulating RGS2 expression in differentiating 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. RGS2 mRNA expression was elevated immediately at 1 h after differentiation initiation and it remained high until the late stage of differentiation. The putative promoter sequence (∼3,000 bp) of the mouse RGS2 gene was isolated and the RGS2 promoter activity was significantly upregulated 3 h after inducing differentiation. The primary signaling pathway leading to RGS2 transcriptional activation appeared to be cAMP‐dependent. Sequential deletion and site‐directed mutagenesis strategies demonstrate that the RGS2 promoter sequence truncated down to 78 bp in size retained full inducibility by the differentiation stimuli. Mutation of a Sp1 site within the 78 bp region significantly blocked promoter activity. In addition, high expression of Sp1 transcription factor was noted prior to and paralleling the differentiation process. Taken together, our data suggest that RGS2 transcription is immediately induced via a cAMP‐dependent pathway after initiation of 3T3‐L1 differentiation and the RGS2 mRNA level remains consistently high throughout the differentiation progression. A Sp1 site within RGS2 promoter appeared to be a crucial response element to regulate RGS2 transcription. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 922–930, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical design of experiments of acid activation of smectite clay from Serbia and its bleaching capacity
Authors: Petrović Srdan , Novaković Tatjana , Rožić Ljiljana 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Serbian smectite clay has been activated using a response surface method with central composite design. Because, among the criteria of an edible oil, colour is the most important factor in the commercial value of the oil, and since the colour is due to the presence of pigments such as β‐carotene in the crude oil, acid‐activated clay was used for decolourisation of soybean oil.RESULTS: The effects of five parameters, namely, temperature, time, acid strength, solid/liquid ratio and stirring speed, on the process of acid activation of the clay and its bleaching capacity were determined using a statistical model. The results indicated that all parameters were significant factors in the bleaching capacity of acid‐activated clay, and a quadratic polynomial equation for bleaching capacity was obtained by multiple regression analysis. The optimal bleaching capacity was estimated to be 96.61% for an experimental run under the following conditions: activation temperature 80 °C, HCl concentration 4.78 mol L−1, stirring speed 450 rpm, solid/liquid ratio 1:4.5 and activation time 2.81 h.CONCLUSIONS: The central composite design, regression analysis and response surface method were effective in identifying the optimal conditions for bleaching capacity of acid‐activated smectite. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A new monoclonal antibody, A3B10, specific for astrocyte‐lineage cells recognizes calmodulin‐regulated spectrin‐associated protein 1 (Camsap1)
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Yoshimura Kazunori , Kitada Masaaki , Nakahara Jin , Seiwa Chika , Ueki Toshiyuki , Shimoda Yasushi , Ishige Atsushi , Watanabe Kenji , Asou Hiroaki 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRecent studies of adult neurogenesis of the mammalian central nervous system have suggested unexpected plasticity and complexity of neural cell ontogenesis. Redefinition and reconstitution of cell classification and lineage relationships, especially between glial and neural precursors, are an urgent and crucial concern. In the present study, we describe a new monoclonal antibody, A3B10, which was produced by immunizing mice with the membrane fraction prepared from astrocyte‐enriched primary neural cell cultures. Immunohistochemistry of brain sections, including brains from glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐deficient mice and primary mixed neural cell cultures, as well as immunoblot analysis and immunoelectron microscopy, have revealed that 1) A3B10 recognizes a majority of cells in ependyma in neonatal and adult rats, 2) A3B10 stains almost all GFAP+ cells and some S100β+ cells in the corpus callosum, 3) A3B10 specifically stains astrocytes in vitro in primary cultures of rat embryonic cerebral hemispheres, 4) A3B10 equally stains ependymal cells of wild‐type and GFAP‐deficient mice, and 5) A3B10 antigen might construct intermediate filament bundles with GFAP and/or vimentin. These data suggested that the antibody labels a wide array of astorcytic‐lineage cells including astrocytes, astrocyte precursors, and neural stem cells. Screening a cDNA library derived from rat embryonic brain has revealed that the antibody recognizes calmodulin‐regulated spectrin‐associated protein 1 (Camsap1). Thus this antibody may provide not only a new marker to identify astrocyte‐lineage cells but also a new target molecule to elucidate the ontogeny, development, and pathophysiological functions of astrocyte‐lineage cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life and nutritional assessment in peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM): recommendations for care
Authors: McQuellon Richard , Gavazzi Cecilia , Piso Pompiliu , Swain David , Levine Edward 
Published: August 2008

AbstractQuality of life (QOL) and nutritional status of patients treated for peritoneal surface malignancy are important areas for ongoing assessment. A working group of clinicians including a dietitian, physicians, and quality of life researchers was formed as part of the Fifth International Workshop on Peritoneal Surface Malignancy. The purpose of the group was to form a consensus statement on both quality of life and nutritional assessment in PSM. The relevant literature from the quality of life and nutritional assessment in peritoneal surface malignancy was reviewed and integrated to form a consensus statement. Baseline and ongoing assessment of both quality of life and nutritional status of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is recommended. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:300–305. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Nomenclature and modalities of perfusion
Authors: Glehen Olivier , Cotte Eddy , Kusamura Shigeki , Deraco Marcello , Baratti Dario , Passot Guillaume , Beaujard Annie‐Claude , Noel Gilly Francois 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFollowing international consensus, HIPEC should be the acronym used in the scientific literature to refer to the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Several modalities of perfusion are used to deliver HIPEC: open abdominal technique (Coliseum), closed abdominal technique, peritoneal cavity expander, semi‐opened abdominal technique. There is no sufficient evidence in literature confirming the superiority of one technique over the others in terms of outcome, morbidity and safety to the personnel of the operating theatre. Each option has its own operational advantages and disadvantages and future prospective studies must be conducted to establish which one is the best alternative. Today, the best technique is the one which is routinely used and improved into each specialized institution involved in the management of peritoneal surface malignancy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:242–246. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between the physicochemical properties of starches and the glycemic indices of some Jamaican yams (Dioscoreaspp.)
Authors: Riley Cliff K. , Bahado‐Singh Perceval S. , Wheatley Andrew O. , Ahmad Mohammed H. , Asemota Helen N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStarch granules from round leaf yellow yam (RY), Lucea yam (LY), white yam (WY), and Chinese yam (CY) grown in Jamaica were isolated and the relationship between starch amylose content, crystallinity, microscopic properties,in vitrodigestibility, and the glycemic index (GI) of the tubers was investigated. The results indicate that RY had the highest amylose content (265.30 ± 0.09 g/kg starch) while CY the lowest (111.44 ± 0.03 g/kg starch). A corresponding variation in starch digestibility and GI was also observed, as CY which had the highestin vitrodigestibility had the highest GI (21.27 ± 0.01 and 97.42 ± 0.62%, respectively), while RY, LY, and WY starches with low digestibility had lowest GI. Differences in the crystalline pattern of the different starches were observed, where RY, LY, and WY displayed the type B crystalline pattern while CY had the intermediate crystallite (type C).
DEM analysis of bonded granular geomaterials
Authors: Utili S. , Nova R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the application of the distinct element method (DEM) to frictional cohesive (c, ϕ) geomaterials is described. A new contact bond model based on the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion has been implemented in PFC2D. According to this model, the bond strength can be clearly divided into two distinct micromechanical contributions: an intergranular friction angle and a cohesive bond force. A parametric analysis, based on several biaxial tests, has been run to validate the proposed model and to calibrate the micromechanical parameters. Simple relationships between the macromechanical strength parameters (c, ϕ) and the corresponding micromechanical quantities have been obtained so that they can be used to model boundary value problems with the DEM without need of further calibration.As an example application, the evolution of natural cliffs subject to weathering has been studied. Different weathering scenarios have been considered for an initially vertical cliff. Firstly, the case of uniform weathering has been studied. Although unrealistic, this case has been considered in order to validate the DEM approach by comparison against analytical predictions available from limit analysis. Secondly, non‐uniform weathering has been studied. The results obtained clearly show that with the DEM it is possible to realistically model boundary value problems of bonded geomaterials, which would be overwhelmingly difficult to do with other numerical techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High level of mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 expression is associated with cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Zhou Jun‐Ying , Kanakapalli Deepa , Buck Steven , Wu Gen Sheng , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of several solid tumors including osteosarcoma (OS). Despite aggressive treatment, 25% of patients with OS continue to die from their disease. Since cisplatin based regimens have been uniformly used in OS therapy, treatment failure is likely due, at least in part, to cisplatin resistance.ProcedureThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between MKP‐1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity of OS cell lines and to explore the mechanism underlying this relationship. Three OS cell lines were examined for their MKP‐1 expression and cisplatin sensitivity. JNK phosphorylation and apoptosis induction was also measured. Western and Northern blot, flow cytometry, siRNA, and MTT assays were used.ResultsU2OS cells, which express high level of MKP‐1, are less sensitive to cisplatin‐induced cell death. Inhibition of MKP‐1 by siRNA silencing sensitizes U2OS cells to cisplatin‐induced cell death. Furthermore, delayed apoptosis induction following cisplatin treatment was observed in U2OS, in parallel to decreased JNK activation, increased MKP‐1 expression and relatively increased cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, triptolide, an MKP‐1 inhibitor, blocks MKP‐1 expression and enhances cisplatin‐induced cell death.ConclusionHigh MKP‐1 expression is associated with decreased sensitivity or increased resistance to cisplatin‐induced cell death in OS cell lines, and MKP‐1 could potentially be used as a marker of cisplatin resistance and a therapeutic target for molecular therapies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:754–759. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retapamulin (Altargo): novel antibacterial for impetigo
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Kennedy Cameron 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRetapamulin is a new topical antibacterial licensed for impetigo and minor skin infections. In our New products review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Dr Cameron Kennedy comments on its place in therapy. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Incorporation of arsenic in diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Frangieh G. , Pinault M.‐A. , Barjon J. , Jomard F. , Chevallier J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFor the n‐type doping of diamond, phosphorus is currently the only well‐established substitutional donor. However, it is a relatively deep donor with an ionization energy of 0.6 eV. Theoretical studies show that other elements could behave as shallower donors in diamond. For instance, arsenic is predicted to have an ionization energy of 0.4 eV. In this work, we present a study on homoepitaxial diamond layers grown on (111) HPHT substrates by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition adding trimethylarsenic in the gaseous phase. A large set of growth conditions are investigated, starting with the ones classically employed for phosphorus doping. Some of the samples were also grown under a sequential gas flow that consists in a pulsed CH4 injection. Secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that arsenic is incorporated in the diamond layer. In addition, we show that, for a given [CH4]/[H2] ratio, the arsenic incorporation ratio is larger with sequential growth than with continuous growth. However, the arsenic donor activity is not detected by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. These results are discussed at the light of the diamond layer quality which is studied by Raman spectroscopy, Nomarski optical microscopy and electron channelling patterns. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester)‐based propolis extract (Bio 30) suppresses the growth of human neurofibromatosis (NF) tumor xenografts in mice
Authors: Demestre M. , Messerli S. M. , Celli N. , Shahhossini M. , Kluwe L. , Mautner V. , Maruta H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDysfunction of the NF1 gene coding a RAS GAP is the major cause of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), whereas neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is caused primarily by dysfunction of the NF2 gene product called merlin that inhibits directly PAK1, an oncogenic Rac/CDC42‐dependent Ser/Thr kinase. It was demonstrated previously that PAK1 is essential for the growth of both NF1 and NF2 tumors. Thus, several anti‐PAK1 drugs, including FK228 and CEP‐1347, are being developed for the treatment of NF tumors. However, so far no effective NF therapeutic is available on the market. Since propolis, a very safe healthcare product from bee hives, contains anticancer ingredients called CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) or ARC (artepillin C), depending on the source, both of which block the oncogenic PAK1 signaling pathways, its potential therapeutic effect on NF tumors was explored in vivo. Here it is demonstrated that Bio 30, a CAPE‐rich water‐miscible extract of New Zealand (NZ) propolis suppressed completely the growth of a human NF1 cancer called MPNST (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) and caused an almost complete regression of human NF2 tumor (Schwannoma), both grafted in nude mice. Although CAPE alone has never been used clinically, due to its poor bioavailability/water‐solubility, Bio 30 contains plenty of lipids which solubilize CAPE, and also includes several other anticancer ingredients that seem to act synergistically with CAPE. Thus, it would be worth testing clinically to see if Bio 30 and other CAPE‐rich propolis are useful for the treatment of NF patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure glow discharge desorption mass spectrometry for rapid screening of pesticides in food
Authors: Jecklin Matthias Conradin , Gamez Gerardo , Touboul David , Zenobi Renato 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFlowing afterglow atmospheric pressure glow discharge tandem mass spectrometry (APGD‐MS/MS) is used for the analysis of trace amounts of pesticides in fruit juices and on fruit peel. The APGD source was rebuilt after Andrade et al. (Andrade et al., Anal. Chem. 2008; 80: 2646–2653; 2654–2663) and mounted onto a hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Apple, cranberry, grape and orange juices as well as fruit peel and salad leafs were spiked with aqueous solutions containing trace amounts of the pesticides alachlor, atrazine, carbendazim, carbofuran, dinoseb, isoproturon, metolachlor, metolcarb, propoxur and simazine. Best limits of determination (LODs) of pesticides in the fruit juices were achieved for metolcarb (1 µg/L in apple juice), carbofuran and dinoseb (2 µg/L in apple juice); for the analysis of apple skin best LODs were 10 pg/cm2 of atrazine, metolcarb and propoxur which corresponds to an estimated concentration of 0.01 µg/kg apple, taking into account the surface area and the weight of the apple. The measured LODs were within or below the allowed maximum residue levels (MRLs) decreed by the European Union (1–500 µg/kg for pesticides in fruit juice and 0.01–5 µg/kg for apple skin). No sample pretreatment (extraction, pre‐concentration, chromatographic separation) was necessary to analyze these pesticides by direct desorption/ionization using APGD‐MS and to identify them using MS/MS. This makes APGD‐MS a powerful high‐throughput tool for the investigation of very low amounts of pesticides in fruit juices and on fruit peel/vegetable skin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subchronic racemic gamma vinyl‐GABA produces weight loss in Sprague Dawley and Zucker fatty rats
Authors: DeMarco Amy , Dalal Reema M. , Kahanda Milan , Mullapudi Uma , Pai Jessica , Hammel Crystie , Liebling Courtney N.B. , Patel Vinal , Brodie Jonathan D. , Schiffer Wynne K. , Dewey Stephen L. , Aquilina Stefanie D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGiven the growing obesity epidemic, pressure to develop an effective pharmacologic treatment is mounting. Following the completion of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial as well as two small open label trials, gamma vinyl‐GABA (GVG) has been shown to be safe and effective for treating cocaine and/or methamphetamine dependence. In an extension of these findings, the present study examined whether GVG could produce weight loss in adolescent as well as genetically obese animals. Specifically, adolescent Sprague Dawley and adolescent and adult Zucker fatty rats received GVG at various doses (75–300 mg/kg, i.p., racemic) for treatment periods lasting no longer than 14 consecutive days. GVG produced significant weight loss in a dose dependent fashion in all groups. These effects were marked, as average decreases of 12–20% of original body weight were observed. These findings suggest that GVG may be useful as a treatment for obesity. Further, that these results occurred in genetically obese animals offers the possibility that GVG may even help manage severe obesity resulting from binge‐eating, a disorder involving food consumption in a pattern similar to the compulsive drug‐seeking behavior observed in cocaine and methamphetamine dependent subjects. Synapse 62:870–872, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.