bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elder abuse and neglect: detection, reporting, and intervention
Authors: Johnson Teresa E. , Boccia Aldo D. , Strayer Michael S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDental providers are in an excellent position to identify elder abuse and neglect (EAN), yet they are often reluctant to report or intervene in cases of suspected elder maltreatment. This problem is widespread, and the negative impact of this dilemma cannot be ignored. In 1999, the American Dental Association's House of Delegates, through Resolution 44H–1999, urged constituent dental societies to educate their members about abuse and neglect and individual states' legal reporting requirements. The American Society for Geriatric Dentistry (ASGD), responding to a need to inform its members about this issue, requested this literature review on elder abuse and neglect. This paper emphasizes the role of the dental profession in ameliorating EAN and offers ASGD members recommendations to aid individual practitioners and staff in educating and assisting the profession in recognizing and reporting EAN.
Pyogenic granuloma in a renal transplant patient: case report
Authors: Al‐Zayer Mohammed , da Fonseca Marcio , Ship Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis case report describes a 14‐year‐old female referred to Pediatric Dentistry for evaluation and treatment of cyclosporine‐induced gingival hyperplasia. Examination of the anterior maxillary area showed a red, vascular, exophytic, soft‐tissue mass which had been excised a few months earlier without a histopathologic examination being done. The mass did not appear consistent with gingival overgrowth induced by long‐term use of medication, and thus an excisional biopsy was performed, which diagnosed the lesion as a pyogenic granuloma. A review of the literature and management recommendations are discussed.
The implications of visual impairment in an elderly population in recognizing oral disease and maintaining oral health
Authors: Schembri Alexander , Janice Fiske, DipGer 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe incidence of impairment and disability increases in the elderly population. Disability can affect elderly people's ability to maintain oral health, maintain access to dental care, and accept dental treatment. The oral health of visually impaired people can be disadvantaged, since they are not in a position to detect and recognize early oral disease and may be unable to take immediate action unless informed of the situation. The aim of this pilot study was to identify the problems experienced by a visually impaired elderly population regarding the maintenance of oral health and the need to seek treatment. Sixty‐two legally blind people underwent a structured interview and a clinical dental examination. Data are presented descriptively. All the participants would be potentially able to maintain their own adequate oral health level if given the appropriate stimulus. At the time of the study, 53% brushed their own teeth, 39% of whom brushed daily. Of the denture wearers, 58% cleaned them at least once a week. Most of the participants were independent. Eighty‐two percent believed that they did not need help to brush their teeth or dentures, even though 85% had never been shown how to brush their teeth. Eighty percent of people did not realize that regular oral reviews were necessary. Other barriers to regular care included poor health, mobility problems, cost, and fear. Twenty‐one percent of the sample had toothache or a denture problem. The professionally assessed treatment need was high in the dentate group, and 32% of denture wearers had denture‐related pathology. The professionally assessed treatment need was greater than the visually impaired people's perceived need for care. The majority of visually impaired elderly were capable of maintaining a reasonable level of oral hygiene by themselves and were aware of their own dental needs but either had no reason to seek care or were unable to access oral health care services. It is important for visually impaired persons to realize that they need supervision to maintain good oral hygiene standards and to ensure the early identification of oral pathology. Also, the barriers to access to oral health services need to be reduced.
Oral health profile in an institutionalized population of Italian adults with mental retardation
Authors: Pregliasco Fabrizio , Ottolina Paolo , Mensi Carolina , Carmagnola Daniela , Giussani Francesco , Abati Silvio , Strohmenger Laura 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe oral health of 219 residents with mental retardation living in a long‐term‐care institution near Milan was assessed. The dental and periodontal status, daily habits, oral hygiene, and oral mucosal status were evaluated. Of the sample, 179 (81.7%) were males. The mean age of the residents was 61.3 years, and the degree of cooperation was evaluated as good for 131 subjects (59.8%), fair for 79 (36.1%), and poor for nine (4.1%). The percentage of residents who were edentulous was 21.5% (47 subjects), of whom 28 subjects (59.6%) were without dentures. Evaluation showed an overall DMFT of 23.1, and the average number of missing teeth was 20.5. All subjects had periodontal disease: Forty‐five subjects had calculus and/or shallow pockets (4–5 mm); 61 had deep pockets (≥ 6 mm). The most common mucosal lesion was oral stomatitis (49.3%). These findings underline the need for special programs aimed at institutionalized subjects with mental retardation.
Experience and assessment of pain in individuals with cognitive impairments
Authors: Gabre Pia , DDS Kerstin Sjöquist 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors review the literature on pain experience and pain assessment in people with cognitive impairments, focusing on individuals with dementia and mental retardation. The impact of cognitive impairments on pain sensation is not well understood, although some observations have been published. For example, research suggests that pain experience can be influenced by neuropathological processes in the brain and memory impairments. Reporting of pain decreases as cognitive impairment increases. In addition, poor verbal skills lead to difficulties in communicating pain. Pain assessment depends primarily on one's ability to describe the dimensions of pain. Individuals with limited ability to report pain can use pain assessment methods that rely on simple cognitive tasks. For individuals who have no ability to report pain, an outside observer must describe the discomfort experienced by interpreting the patient's body language. The authors conclude that further research is needed to develop valid and reliable assessment methods for people with cognitive impairments.
Oral disorders in institution‐dwelling elderly adults: a graphic representation
Authors: Maupomé Gerardo , Wyatt Christopher C.L. , Williams P. Michele , Aickin Mikel , Gullion Christina M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to assess the oral health status and dental care needs of elderly adults living in long‐term care facilities. Dentists examined 601 elderly adults, living in one of six extended‐or intermediate‐care facilities, between September 1999 and May 2000. Data from 532 of the subjects were analyzed with descriptive statistics and zero‐order inverse polynomials. Using a computer program, the authors compiled summaries of oral health data on individuals and institutional levels. This study suggests that there are numerous unmet dental needs among elderly adults who live in institutions. The CODE index used to assess the oral health of these residents offers a systematic portrayal of oral disorders in terms of severity. As the authors demonstrated, this index can be readily analyzed using zero‐order inverse polynomials to summarize collected data into a graphic description, which can be helpful in managing and administrating oral health care interventions in long‐term care facilities.
Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Siqueira Walter Luiz , Nicolau José 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH‐meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho‐dianisidine.No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.
Mechanical and chemical home plaque control: a study of Brazilian children and adolescents with disabilities
Authors: de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira GuimaraTes , PaixaTo Helena Heloisa , Resende Vera Lucia Silva , Pordeus Isabela Almeida 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the compliance of children and adolescents with disabilities with a home plaque control program. A random sample of 52 students between 7 and 21 years old was solicited from a special school, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Measurement of the Debris Index and the presence of bleeding on light probing of the buccal gingival papillae were included as part of the initial clinical examination. Plaque control instructions were given during the first and subsequent clinical sessions. During the fourth clinical session, the patients who had more than 25% sites with bleeding papillae on light probing were placed in a separate group (Group 2) which used a mechanical and chemical plaque control protocol. Group 1 consisted of persons who used mechanical plaque control only. All of the patients were followed up for two more recalls (days 51,81) during which they were given plaque control instruction and had another gingival examination. On day 111, the final Debris Index and gingival examination were carried out. A significant reduction (p < 0.02) was found between the first and final Debris Index recordings in both groups. Subjects in Group 1 had a significant reduction (p < 0.001) when the first gingival examination was compared with days 21, 51, 81, and 111. Group 2 showed significant reduction (p < 0.01) in gingival bleeding when day 21 was compared with days 81 and 111. Our study suggests that it is possible for these children/adolescents and their parents to learn and comply with mechanical and chemical plaque control at home.
Sickle cell anemia and dental caries: a literature review and pilot study
Authors: Laurence Brian , Reid Britt C. , Katz Ralph V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this cohort study was to determine whether individuals with sickle cell anemia (SCA) were more susceptible to dental caries than non‐sickle‐cell control subjects. A review of the literature suggests several reasons why individuals with SCA may be at increased risk. Thirty‐five cases of SCA aged 6 years and older were identified from a screening of 15,900 current patient files at the Howard University College of Dentistry Dental Clinic. A total of 140 non‐SCA control subjects (four per case), frequency‐matched on enrollment period (pL 5 yrs) and age (pL 2 yrs if under age 21, or pL 5 yrs if 21 or over), was selected by a nonbiased method from the same dental clinic files. SCA cases and controls were identical on mean age (30.4 pL 19 yrs, ranging from 5 to 92 yrs) and were similar in sex distribution (males: 34% of SCA cases, 40% of controls). The mean number of permanent teeth present was very similar for SCA cases and controls (23.4 pL 6.4 vs. 24.2 pL 6.4). The mean DMFT was 21% higher in the SCA cases (12.0 pL 8.4 vs. 9.9 pL 6.9), and the mean DMFS was 26% higher in the SCA cases (33.0 pL 32.3 vs. 26.2 pL 27.7). While there was virtually no difference in DMFS between SCA cases and controls for 6‐ to 19‐year‐olds, for subjects aged 20 and older, the DMFS was 30.4% higher in the SCD cases. For all ages, the M component for SCA cases was 40.7% higher, and the D component was 20.0% higher, while the F component was only 3.5% higher than for controls. Untreated decay (the D/D+F surfaces ratio) was 24.4% higher in the SCA cases. The findings from this pilot study suggest that SCA cases have a higher susceptibility to dental caries and/or that SCA patients may have different treatment pathways once caries is detected. While none of the observed differences was statistically significant, these findings were of clinical interest and should be pursued in future large‐scale studies.
Osteonecrosis of the maxilla as a complication to chemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Sung Eric C. , Chan Stephen M. , Sakurai Kari , Chung Evelyn 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNumerous oral complications have been documented as a consequence of chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer. One not so well documented consequence of this treatment is avascular necrosis or osteonecrosis of the underlying bone. In this case report, osteonecrosis of the maxilla in a 48‐year‐old female patient who was treated for acute myelogenous leukemia is presented. The patient had successfully completed both induction and consolidation chemotherapy without steroid administration. Possible causes and difficulties in diagnosis were reviewed.
Program evaluation of mobile dental services for children with special health care needs
Authors: Brooks Constance , Miller Louise C. , Dane John , Perkins Dean , Bullock Linda , Libbus M. Kay , Johnson Paula , Stone Jill Van 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper summarizes an evaluation of the Elk Mobile Dental Program for children with special health care needs. Evalutation results indicated overall client satisfaction with mobile dental unt services in the absence of competent community based dental care. Evaluator recommendations included expanding the mobile dental services along with a continued effort to establish permanent community based dental care for children with special healthcare needs. Recommendations for program improvement in the areas of patient care, service coordination, and ongoing continuous quality improvement evaluation were provided to program personnel and funding organizations. Many of the improvement recommendations were initiated during the process of the program evaluation.
Stimulated parotid salivary flow rate in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Chaushu Stella , Becker Adrian , Chaushu Gabriel , Shapiro Joseph 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSaliva is essential for oral defense against infections. Decreased salivary secretion may result in increased dental caries, oral mucosal changes, an altered sense of taste, difficulty in swallowing, and oral pain. A review of the literature reveals sporadic and contradictory reports on the use of sialometry and sialochemistry to explain the role of saliva in the oral health and well‐being of subjects with Down syndrome. The present study documents parotid gland saliva secretion at different ages in a group of subjects with Down syndrome. Saliva was collected from 39 patients 11 to 62 years old, by means of a parotid salivary gland cup and under standardized conditions of stimulated secretion. The rate of salivary secretion in the entire group of patients with Down syndrome was lower than that of healthy controls and lower in the older study group compared with the younger group. Institutionalized subjects or those living in hostellike apartments had a lower secretion rate than those living at home. No difference in salivary flow was found between those patients with Down syndrome with normal thyroid output and those with hypothyroidism who were receiving replacement therapy. In a four‐way ANOVA with flow as the dependent variable and Down syndrome, hypothyroidism, institutionalization, and age as factors, Down syndrome was found to be the only variable significantly related to flow (p = 0.017). Our findings indicate that stimulated parotid salivary hypofunction in Down syndrome subjects is mainly related to their genetic disorder.
The effect of an oral health education program after three years
Authors: Paulsson Gun , Söderfeldt Björn , Nederfors Tommy , Fridlund Bengt 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThree years after providing an oral health education program (OHEP) to nursing personnel, the authors analyzed the effect of the program on knowledge of the importance of oral health and on perception among the nurses of the possibility to implement oral care in patient care. The study was based on a cross‐sectional survey of all nursing personnel (N = 2,901) in five municipalities in the Southwestern Sweden, of whom 950 had attended four one‐hour lessons during an OHEP in 1996. The response rate to the survey questionnaire was 67% (1,930 subjects). Statistical analysis was performed by means of descriptive and analytical statistics. The program was shown to have an independent effect on the dependent variables “knowledge of oral health” and “assessment of implementation possibilities,” This study has given further evidence of the feasibility of an educational program to improve both knowledge and implementation of oral health care.
Irrigational therapy of a dentigerous cyst in a geriatric patient: a case report
Authors: Nishide Naoto , Hitomi Gonjiro , Miyoshi Norio 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDentigerous cysts are recognized as one of the most common lesions of the jaws. Although surgical enucleation is usually the preferred treatment method, it is not always the best choice for elderly patients who have other medical complications. With cyst irrigational therapy, repeated irrigation allows bone regeneration around the cyst to progress more rapidly than that around a cyst treated operatively with marsupialization. We used irrigational therapy to treat a dentigerous cyst in a 72‐year‐old man who did not agree to surgery because he had no symptoms associated with the cyst, and he had other medical complications. After one year, remarkable bone regeneration was observed. We conclude that irrigational therapy appears to be an effective, less‐invasive alternative to surgery for geriatric patients.
Making clinical decisions for dental care: concepts to consider
Authors: White B. Alex , Maupomé Gerardo 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTClinical decisions are often made with incomplete information, yet patient care decisions are made every day. Patients vary clinically, uncertainty exists in diagnostic and prognostic information, and many preventive and treatment alternatives have not been formally assessed for their effectiveness. Because scientific information will never answer all clinical questions, clinical decisions are partially based on probabilistic information.This paper describes how to apply clinical decision making to diagnosing and managing dental caries and periodontal diseases. By using explicit information to quantify probabilities and outcomes, clinical decision making analyzes decisions made under uncertain conditions and the uncertain impact of clinical information.Clinical decision making incorporates concepts for preventing, diagnosing and treating dental caries and periodontal diseases: risk assessment, evidence‐based dentistry, and multiple oral health outcomes. This information can serve as a tool for clinicians to augment clinical judgment and expertise.
Fluoride varnish for caries prevention: comparisons with other preventive agents and recommendations for a community‐based protocol
Authors: Weintraub Jane A. , Professor Lee Hysan 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews fluoride varnish (FV) literature to develop a community‐based protocol for people with special needs or those who are caries susceptible. Safety, personnel and cost issues are discussed and existing NIH, CDC and WHO recommendations are presented. FV studies are assessed with respect to type of FV to use and frequency of application. FV is compared with studies using other caries preventive agents: 0.2% NaF mouthrinse, acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, dental sealants, water fluoridation and chlorhexidine. Because there are few FV studies among special need populations, conclusions are based on available literature and public health principles. If personnel are available, FV use is preferred to APF gel and may be preferable to 0.2% NaF mouthrinse. FV is more effective in optimally fluoridated communities. If many occlusal surfaces are at risk, sealants should be applied. Additional combinations and frequencies of preventive agents should be tested, especially for people with special needs and high caries risk adults.
Dental implants for patients who have had radiation treatment for head and neck cancer
Authors: Harrison Jody S. , Stratemann Scott , Redding Spencer W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTImplant therapy is no longer considered impossible for patients who have received radiation treatment. However, the risk of osteoradionecrosis and failed osseointegration are barriers to implant therapy for this population. This paper reviews the published literature on the effects of radiation on tissue, such as osteoradionecrosis, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and evaluates implant therapy in patients who have received radiation treatment, focusing on treatment of the mandible. Recommendations for dentists planning implant therapy for patients who have had radiation treatments are presented.
Special Olympics: The oral health status of U.S. athletes compared with international athletes
Authors: Reid Britt C. , Chenette Ronald , Macek Mark D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe Healthy Athletes Special Smiles Program provides oral health screening and data collection for athletes with mental retardation who are participating in Special Olympic events. Recently, data regarding international athletes have become available for the first time, allowing a comparison against data collected in the United States. The international athletes from the countries of China, Lebanon, Poland, South Africa, and Turkey were generally younger than those of the United States (mean age 17.4 versus 24.0 years) and were more likely to be males (64.3 versus 54.6%). The international athletes were more likely to have untreated caries (50.1 versus 28.2%), and less likely to have restorations (19.6 versus 62.9%), sealants (1.8 versus 13.5%), fluorosis (3.5 versus 8.8%), signs of gingival disease (27.8 versus 40.1%), or to be edentulous (0.1 versus 3.7%). These relationships persisted after adjustment for sex and age differences between the populations.