bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel carbon fiber composite for hip replacement with improved in vitro and in vivo osseointegration
Authors: Dimitrievska S. , Whitfield J. , Hacking S. A. , Bureau M. N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA novel composite femoral stem has been developed to match cortical stiffness and achieve fixation by osseointegration with the primary goal to reduce cortical bone loss associated with stress shielding. The femoral stem consists of three distinct material layers: the first is a long carbon fiber (CF) in a polyamide 12 (PA12) polymer matrix (PA12/CF); the second is a PA12/HA (hydroxyapatite) interface; and the third is a plasma‐sprayed coating of HA. In vitro studies with MG63 cells indicated that the HA surface supported improved proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast‐like cells as determined by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production when compared with Ti‐6Al‐4V (Ti64). In vivo studies comparing the composite and Ti64 rods in the rabbit femur demonstrated significantly higher bone apposition to the composite than Ti64 rods. The results of this study indicate that the invasion of surrounding bone cells and thus osteointegration together with its bone‐matching mechanical properties make the PA12/CF/HA stem a promising hip replacement candidate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Attachment, proliferation and osteogenic response of osteoblast‐like cells cultured on titanium treated by a novel multiphase anodic spark deposition process
Authors: De Angelis Elena , Ravanetti Francesca , Cacchioli Antonio , Corradi Attilio , Giordano Carmen , Candiani Gabriele , Chiesa Roberto , Gabbi Carlo , Borghetti Paolo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new bioactive titanium surface treatment, labeled Ti‐ASD, was developed using the electrochemical anodic spark deposition (ASD) technique and results in a thickened titanium oxide layer with higher levels of calcium and phosphorus typical of newly deposited mineral phase. This study was aimed at extending the knowledge on Ti‐ASD treatment, by means of evaluation of the attachment, morphology, proliferation, metabolic activity, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblast‐like cells (SaOS‐2) after growth on Ti‐ASD treated titanium compared with nontreated titanium (Ti) and with chemically etched titanium (Ti‐ETC). This novel type of titanium coating supported cell attachment, cell proliferation, and mineralization, revealing no cytotoxicity effects. The expression of differentiation markers on Ti‐ASD treated titanium shows that genes related to the proliferation phase (Collagen type I, Coll I; Cbfa‐1) were early expressed, whereas genes related to the mineralization phase (alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, bone sialo protein) increased in a time‐related way. Mineralization occurred on all analyzed surfaces, but on Ti‐ASD the number of bone‐like nodules and the amount of mineralized area was higher. In conclusion, Ti‐ASD resulted to be a good surface for osteoblast attachment and proliferation, also promoting the maintenance of cell differentiation and matrix mineralization, a fundamental requirement for sustain the osseointegration and the clinical success of dental implants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Simulation of phosphorus losses from lysimeters
Authors: Godlinski Frauke , Reiche Ernst‐Walter , Lennartz Bernd , Meissner Ralph 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBecause of water resources eutrophication and the need for water protection strategies, the estimation of diffuse phosphorus (P) leaching losses from agricultural soils has become an important issue. The objective of this study was to numerically depict P leaching and transformation processes to clarify the dominant factors controlling the P dynamics in soils and to investigate interactions between P and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. We expanded the existing WASMOD modeling package with a P subroutine and tested model performance on an experimental data set from a 12 y lysimeter study.
Subsoil properties and cereal growth as affected by a single pass of heavy machinery and two tillage systems on a Luvisol
Authors: Heuer Henning , Tomanová Olga , Koch Heinz‐Josef , Märländer Bernward 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCompared to moldboard plowing, conservation tillage is frequently discussed to alleviate soil stresses caused by high wheel loads and, thus, decrease the risk of subsoil compaction. On a Luvisol derived from loess (Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany), a wheeling experiment was conducted in two contrasting tillage systems (continuous moldboard plowing [MP] 30 cm deep and shallow mixing [SM] 10 cm deep). A six‐row self‐propelled sugar beet tanker harvester (SBH 6: 34–36 Mg total vehicle weight, 8–11 Mg wheel load, 92–143 kPa calculated ground‐contact pressure) was used for a single pass. Each crop of the sugar beet–cereal–cereal rotation was cultivated with light experimental machinery on one of three adjacent fields each year. In October 2001 (Field 2), 2002 (Field 1), and 2003 (Field 3) wheeling with the SBH 6 was carried out on half of every tillage plot (soil moisture 70%–100% field capacity) after the harvest of previous sugar beet. Subsequently, the soil was tilled according to the respective treatment, and winter wheat, spring wheat, and spring barley were grown on Field 2, 1, and 3, respectively. During the following spring and summer, soil and plant measurements were conducted. Soil penetration resistance (10–25 cm) increased, and root length density of spring wheat decreased in SM tillage compared to MP tillage. At 40–45 cm depth, air‐filled pore volume at 6.2 kPa water tension (two fields), air permeability, and total pore volume (one field) were higher in SM than in MP treatments, respectively. Wheeling slightly increased penetration resistance in 15–25 cm depth but had no effect on any parameter measured at 40–45 cm soil depth. Generally, treatment effects on cereal‐grain yield were small and insignificant. Our results suggest that a single pass with a SBH 6 is unlikely to cause pronounced subsoil‐structure degradation on a loessial soil under moderate climatic conditions.
The sensitivity of Swiss forest soils to acidification and the risk of aluminum toxicity
Authors: Blaser Peter , Walthert Lorenz , Graf Pannatier Elisabeth 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the context of pollution‐control strategies to minimize the detrimental effects of soil acidification, there is a need to know how and to what extent soils respond to acidifying substances. The purposes of this study were to assess the sensitivity of soil to acidification, in particular to a decrease in pH and in base saturation (BS), and the risk of Al toxicity for vulnerable plants using chemical indicators. These indicators were derived from soil data (pH, exchangeable cations, amount of fine earth) measured in the mineral horizons of 257 soil profiles throughout Switzerland. Based on the analysis of the distribution of pH and BS values in the soil collective, we assessed the sensitivity of soils to a decrease in pH and in BS. Soils that were considered sensitive to a decrease in pH had pH values between 4.8 and 7.0. The degree of sensitivity was estimated with the proportion of fine earth in the critical pH range to a depth of 100 cm. Soils that were considered sensitive to a decrease in BS had pH values between 3.6 and 5.5 and a BS between 10% and 95%. Since the effective cation‐exchange capacity (CECeff) of the fine earth might dampen the decrease in BS when acidity is added, the disposition for a decrease in BS was related to the relative amount of fine earth in the sensitive BS and to the mean CECeff of this fine‐earth fraction. The risk of Al toxicity for vulnerable plants was estimated using the ratio of base cations to Al at the cation‐exchange sites (BC : Alexc). A BC : Alexc of 0.2 was taken as a threshold value below which the risk for sensitive plants increases. The degree of risk was based on the proportion of fine earth in the critical BC : Al range (≤0.2) in the soil profile. These indicators taking into account the various aspects of soil acidification are derived from usually available data and represent therefore a cost‐effective tool to assess the sensitivity of soils to an input of acidity.
Analysis of fatty acid compositions of human tissues using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yoshida Satoshi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe have developed an infrared spectroscopic technique (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance system) for the non‐invasive measurement of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid compositions in human oral mucosa, and applied it to tissue from three nationalities: Iranian, Vietnamese, and Indonesian. The second derivative infrared spectra of the mucosal tissues were additionally analyzed with the partial least squares multivariate regression analysis method. Almost all fatty acid compositions of oral mucosa could be well predicted with differences between predicted (FTIR‐ATR) and measured values (GC‐MS). Consequently this technique may provide a great advancement to fatty acid analysis in the fields of food science, preventive medicine and epidemiology.
Ionic Polyacetylene with Aromatic Functional Groups: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Kwak Giseop , Jin Sung‐Ho , Park Jong‐Wook , Gal Yeong‐Soon 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn ionic conjugated polymer with aromatic functional groups, poly{2‐ethynyl‐N‐[4‐(methylthio)benzylpyridinium bromide]}, was synthesized via the activated polymerization of 2‐ethynylpyridine by using 4‐(methylthio)benzyl bromide without any additional initiator or catalyst. The polymerization proceeded well in polar solvents such as DMF, DMSO, NMP and pyridine, and produced high yields. NMR, IR, and UV‐vis spectroscopy confirmed a conjugated polymer backbone system containing N‐(4‐(methylthio)benzylpyridinium bromide as substituents. The photoluminescence maximum peak of the polymer was located at 508 nm, which corresponds to the photon energy level of 2.44 eV. The cyclovoltammograms of the polymer exhibited an electrochemically stable window in the −1.32 to 1.92 V region.magnified image
Design of anticancer prodrugs for reductive activation
Authors: Chen Yu , Hu Longqin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAnticancer prodrugs designed to target specifically tumor cells should increase therapeutic effectiveness and decrease systemic side effects in the treatment of cancer. Over the last 20 years, significant advances have been made in the development of anticancer prodrugs through the incorporation of triggers for reductive activation. Reductively activated prodrugs have been designed to target hypoxic tumor tissues, which are known to overexpress several endogenous reductive enzymes. In addition, exogenous reductive enzymes can be delivered to tumor cells through fusion with tumor‐specific antibodies or overexpressed in tumor cells through gene delivery approaches. Many anticancer prodrugs have been designed to use both the endogenous and exogenous reductive enzymes for target‐specific activation and these prodrugs often contain functional groups such as quinones, nitroaromatics, N‐oxides, and metal complexes. Although no new agents have been approved for clinical use, several reductively activated prodrugs are in various stages of clinical trial. This review mainly focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects of various classes of reductively activated prodrugs including design principles, structure‐activity relationships, and mechanisms of activation and release of active drug molecules. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 1, 29–64, 2009
Treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in India using a BFM protocol
Authors: Bajel Ashish , George Biju , Mathews Vikram , Viswabandya Auro , Kavitha M.L. , Srivastava Alok , Chandy Mammen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exists on the long‐term treatment outcome and prognosis of childhood ALL in India.ProcedureThree hundred and seven children (1–14 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were treated with a modified BFM protocol 76/79 between 1985 and 2003. Treatment outcome and prognostic factors were evaluated.ResultsThe median age was 6 years; 78% had B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 22% had T lineage disease. Good prednisolone response was observed in 82% of cases. Two hundred and seventy‐three children (91.6%) achieved complete remission; with 2% induction‐related mortality and 6.4% having resistant disease. 52% of all evaluable patients and 56.8% of complete responders are in continuous complete remission (CCR) at a median follow up of 62 months (30–194 months). The median event free survival (EFS) was 114 months. The estimated 5 year overall survival, EFS and disease free survival was 59.8%, 56%, and 53.9%, respectively. The prognostic factors adversely affecting the EFS were poor prednisolone response, resistant disease and WBC count greater than 20 × 109/L at diagnosis. The 5 year EFS in the favorable risk group (age 1–9 years, WBC count less than 20 × 109/L and prednisolone good response) was 73.1 ± 4.9%.ConclusionThis report examines a cohort of children with ALL treated with a BFM protocol in India with adequate follow up and demonstrates the need for cost effective improvements. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:621–625. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Textured silicon surface passivation by high‐rate expanding thermal plasma deposited SiN and thermal SiO2/SiN stacks for crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: van Erven A. J. M. , Bosch R. C. M. , Bijker M. D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractExpanding thermal plasma (ETP) deposited silicon nitride (SiN) with optical properties suited for the use as antireflection coating (ARC) on silicon solar cells has been used as passivation layer on textured monocrystalline silicon wafers. The surface passivation behavior of these high‐rate (>5 nm/s) deposited SiN films has been investigated for single layer passivation schemes and for thermal SiO2/SiN stack systems before and after a thermal treatment that is normally used for contact‐firing. It is shown that as‐deposited ETP SiN used as a single passivation layer almost matches the performance of a thermal oxide. Furthermore, the SiN passivation behavior improves after a contact‐firing step, while the thermal oxide passivation degrades which makes ETP SiN a better alternative for single passivation layer schemes in combination with a contact‐firing step. Moreover, using the ETP SiN as a part of a thermal SiO2/SiN stack proves to be the best alternative by realizing very low dark saturation current densities of <20 fA/cm2ontexturedsolar‐grade FZ silicon wafers and this is further improved to <10 fA/cm2after the anneal step. Optical and electrical film characterizations have also been carried out on these SiN layers in order to study the behavior of the SiN before and after the thermal treatment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction between photovoltaic distributed generation and electricity networks
Authors: Caamaño‐Martín E. , Laukamp H. , Jantsch M. , Erge T. , Thornycroft J. , De Moor H. , Cobben S. , Suna D. , Gaiddon B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractElectricity power systems worldwide have traditionally been designed to a vertically connected scheme characterised by centralised generation. Over the last few decades, several factors have dictated a gradual shift from the central‐control approach to a more distributed layout where distributed generation (DG) technologies are effectively integrated and not just connected (appended) to the networks; amongst others liberalisation of electricity markets, security and quality of supply and environmental issues. Photovoltaic powered distributed generation (PV‐DG), although still having a much lesser impact than other DG technologies, is increasingly being embedded into electricity distribution networks worldwide within the framework of successful regulatory state and marketing programmes. PV‐DG has added values (benefits) for the electricity systems that extend from peak power and load reduction (when deployed close to electricity consumption points) to participation in grid‐supporting or grid‐forming modes of operation. The question arises as to what the present situation of PV technology is for its optimal integration in distribution networks, whether there are still technical barriers to overcome as well as new opportunities for PV in future renewably supplied electricity systems. This paper presents the current state of knowledge concerning these topics from a European perspective with regard to different grid structures. It also discusses existing standards, new opportunities to provide grid services and research and development needs identified to fully exploit the added‐value—and still developing—benefits of PV‐DG. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentically happy school psychologists: Applications of positive psychology for enhancing professional satisfaction and fulfillment
Authors: Miller David N. , Nickerson Amanda B. , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Osborne Kristina M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThere has recently been a growing movement within psychology toward placing a greater emphasis on building strengths and competencies rather than merely treating deficits and disorders. This movement, known as positive psychology, focuses on the scientific study of optimal human functioning and the variables that promote positive human emotions, traits, and institutions. The purpose of this article is to discuss selected topics of research in positive psychology and how they might contribute to the development of “authentically happy” school psychologists. Implications for how school psychologists may use findings from research to enhance their level of professional satisfaction and fulfillment are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of school psychologists in the assessment, prevention, and intervention of cyberbullying
Authors: Diamanduros Terry , Downs Elizabeth , Jenkins Stephen J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMany school‐aged children have experienced the cruelty of bullying. The impact and effects of bullying have been described extensively in scholarly literature. Unfortunately, the impact of bullying has also made contemporary headlines with the recent rash of school shootings and other forms of school‐based violence. The current body of students brings an additional threat to bullying. Due to their sophisticated use of technology, today's students are using contemporary delivery systems to taunt, tease, and threaten their classmates. Cyberbullying is the newest form of bullying, and it brings additional challenges for school personnel. Because of the unique aspects of cyberbullying, school psychologists need strategies to guide school communities faced with this threatening behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Communicating genetics research results to families: problems arising when the patient participant is deceased
Authors: Ormondroyd E. , Moynihan C. , Ardern‐Jones A. , Eeles R. , Foster C. , Davolls S. , Watson M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectives: This study explores communication within families of clinically significant genetics research results, after the death of the patient participant. BRCA2 mutations were found in several men after their death from prostate cancer. Spouses were given the results in a genetic counselling session and asked to inform relatives.Methods: Cross‐sectional, qualitative exploratory study. Interviews with 13 relatives, including informers and recipients of the information, were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Dissemination was hampered when communication channels between relatives were limited, because of family rifts or socially distant or problematic relationships. When informing other branches of the family, relatives approached individuals in the generation of the deceased man, regardless of their risk status, who were then responsible for informing younger relatives. Most people informed by a relative did not seek genetic counselling. The informing relative may not have sufficient authority for the information either to be taken seriously or to challenge individual constructions about the aetiology of cancer. This impeded information transmission to further at‐risk relatives. Most participants knew of relatives who had not been told about their cancer risk.Conclusions: The implications of this limited efficiency of information transfer among relatives are discussed in the context of a potential role for genetics services in contacting at‐risk relatives directly. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sisters in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families: communal coping, social integration, and psychological well‐being
Authors: Koehly Laura M. , Peters June A. , Kuhn Natalia , Hoskins Lindsey , Letocha Anne , Kenen Regina , Loud Jennifer , Greene Mark H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective: We investigated the association between psychological distress and indices of social integration and communal coping among sisters from hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) families.Sample and methods: Sixty‐five sisters from 31 HBOC families completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 and the Colored Eco‐Genetic Relationship Map, which identified members of participants' social support networks. Hierarchical linear models were used for all analyses to account for the clustering of sisters within families.Results: Intra‐family correlation coefficients suggested that sisters shared perceptions of breast cancer risk and worry, but not ovarian cancer risk and worry. Further, sisters demonstrated shared levels of anxiety and somatization, but not depressive symptoms. Communal coping indices quantifying shared support resources were negatively related to anxiety and somatization. The number of persons with whom cancer risk information was shared exhibited a positive trend with somatization. Social integration, as measured by the size of participants' emotional support network, was negatively associated with anxiety. Lower depression scores were observed among participants with more persons playing multiple support roles and fewer persons providing tangible assistance.Conclusion: Understanding how support relationships impact well‐being among persons adjusting to HBOC risk, and the particular role of family in that process, will facilitate developing appropriate management approaches to help cancer‐prone families adjust to their cancer risk. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A couple‐based intervention for female breast cancer
Authors: Baucom Donald H. , Porter Laura S. , Kirby Jennifer S. , Gremore Tina M. , Wiesenthal Naomi , Aldridge William , Fredman Steffany J. , Stanton Susan E. , Scott Jennifer L. , Halford Kim W. , Keefe Francis J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective: Although women's breast cancer affects both women and their male partners, as well as their relationships, few interventions have been developed to work with couples confronting breast cancer. The current investigation presents the pilot results from a new couple‐based intervention program for breast cancer that teaches couples how to minimize negative effects and maximize positive functioning during this difficult time.Method: In this pilot study, 14 couples in which the wife had early stage breast cancer were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment conditions: Couple‐based relationship enhancement (RE) or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU).Results: The results from this study suggest that compared with couples receiving treatment‐as‐usual, both women and men in the RE condition experienced improved functioning on individual psychological variables as well as relationship functioning at posttest and 1‐year follow‐up. In addition, women in RE show fewer medical symptoms at both time periods.Conclusions: In this pilot study, the couple‐based intervention, RE, has shown promise in improving individual, medical, and relationship functioning for couples in which the woman is facing breast cancer, and therefore merits further investigation on a larger scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.