bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON ESTER SULPHATES
Authors: Boström H. , Franksson C. , Wengle B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study of the capacity of 3 human adrenals and one adrenal adenoma to sulphurylate various steroids and phenol has been undertaken by the use of 35S-labelled 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS) and inorganic sulphate. The following observations are described.
Adrenal extracts are able to accumulate a 35S-labelled compound with electrophoretic properties similar to those of 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulphate (PAPS). Data on sulphokinase and over-all sulphurylating activities are given for the following compounds: androsterone, epiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), aetiocholan-3α-ol-17-one, testosterone, pregnan-3α-ol-20-one, pregnan-3β-ol-20-one, pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 17-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone, cortisone, corticosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, oestrone, oestriol and phenol.
The distribution of the sulphokinases in the adrenal adenoma studied did not deviate significantly from that of the normal glands investigated.
The over-all sulphurylating capacity of adult human adrenals with regard to steroids was 33–70 per cent of the corresponding activities of adult human liver, and 14–27 per cent of those of foetal human adrenals. The physiological implications of these results are discussed.
EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Roy Somnath , Mahesh Virendra B. , Greenblatt Robert B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Effects of administration of clomiphene on the physiology of reproduction in male and female rats have been studied. The findings suggest that in suitable small doses this agent may stimulate the secretion of gonadotrophins (probably ICSH) from the pituitary gland, while in relatively larger doses, the secretion of hypophyseal gonadotrophins is suppressed. It does not interfere with the action of gonadotrophins on the ovary. This agent has also some oestrogenic and antioestrogenic actions.
THE REPAIR OF POST-PARTUM NECROSIS OF THE ANTERIOR LOBE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Sheehan H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The healing of a post-partum necrosis of the anterior pituitary gland begins at about 4 days. The first change is the formation of a narrow layer of secondary atrophy at the inner edge of the live margin zone. There is then an invasion of macrophages which clear the debris from the other marginal zones and finally penetrate to a depth of 1 to 1.5 mm into the infarct. The remaining part of the central dead area becomes condensed and hyalinised in the course of the subsequent year or two.
In the healed stage the remnants of parenchyma must certainly be functioning to their maximum capacity but they do not show any very striking histological changes to correspond to this. The cellular pattern of these remnants can not be correlated with variations in the clinical or pathological picture of prolonged hypopituitarism.
IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS REACTIONS AMONG GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Flux D. S. , Li Choh Hao 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immunological cross reactions among the three gonadotrophins, ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH), pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) have been investigated.
The earlier findings in this laboratory that rabbit antiserum to ICSH inhibited the biological activity of PMSG was confirmed. Antiserum to PMSG was found to inhibit ICSH. The biological activity of HCG in hypophysectomized female rats was not inhibited by antiserum to either ICSH or PMSG in these experiments, but other evidence shows that antiserum to ICSH is sufficiently high doses does inhibit the biological effects of HCG.
Both PMSG and HCG showed precipitin reactions with antiserum to ICSH, the amounts of protein precipitated being much less than when ICSH was used. No precipitate was formed when ICSH or HCG was added to antiserum to PMSG.
The antiserum to PMSG contained antibodies to the horse serum proteins that were present as contaminants of the PMSG. These were partly absorbed with horse serum without loss of the anti-PMSG activity.
CUSHING'S DISEASE IN A PATIENT WITH GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND PITUITARY TUMOUR
Authors: Bassøe H. H. , Gadeholt H. , Ronold K. , Støa K. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A thirty-nine years old woman with primary amenorrhoea and increased excretion of gonadotrophins, developed a chromophobe adenoma in the pituitary gland. Only a few years before she died, the diagnosis of Cushing's disease was made which progressed despite hypophysectomy. Evidence is given for the conclusion, that the patient suffered from ovarian dysgenesis, which secondarily led to hyperfunction and tumour formation of the pituitary gland and also to development of Cushing's disease. It is concluded that patients with hypogonadism should be observed for pituitary tumour formation, and that adequate substitution therapy may prevent formation of pituitary tumours.
A FOUR DAY CORTICOTROPHIN-SUPPRESSION TEST
Authors: Ernest Ingrid , Håkansson Britt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A four day ACTH-suppression test was performed in 58 patients showing symptoms often associated with hypercorticism and in 25 cases of Cushing's syndrome. The non Cushing patients suffered from obesity, hypertension, plethora, diabetes and mental disturbances in various combinations and/or conditions related to hypertrichosis and menstrual disorders. Some of them also showed an increased basal excretion of 17-ketosteroids.
Triamcinolone, in doses of 4 mg and 8 mg every six hours or 2 mg of dexamethasone every six hours, induced a good suppression of adrenocortical function in the non Cushing patients. This was demonstrated by chromatographic analysis of 24 different 24-hour urine samples collected on the third or fourth day of the test. In these cases – selected at random from the 58 non Cushing patients – the mean excretion of tetrahydroderivatives of cortisone and cortisol was < 0.3 mg/day (range 0.0–1.2 mg/day). Only traces of dehydroepiandrosterone and 11-oxy-17-ketosteroids were found.
In all cases, 17-ketogenic steroids, Porter-Silber chromogens and 17-ketosteroids were determined by routine methods and the results are discussed with regard to the presence of non specific chromogens. There was no difference in the urinary excretion of steroids during the administration of 16 mg and 32 mg respectively of triamcinolone and of 8 mg of dexamethasone daily.
In 9 of 11 cases of non-tumourous Cushing's syndrome, triamcinolone in a dose of 4 mg every six hours did not suppress the urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids, Porter-Silber chromogens or 17-ketosteroids normally. In two cases, however, there was a normal suppression according to the criteria chosen. In one case of non-tumourous Cushing's syndrome, suppression could not be demonstrated during the administration of triamcinolone in a dose of 16 mg every six hours for four days.
Because of the varying degrees of suppression found in Cushing's syndrome, the diagnostic conclusions drawn from the ACTH-suppression test should be made with caution. Marked variation in the basal excretion of steroids adds to the difficulties as do the limitations of the test imposed by unspecificity of the methods used in evaluating the adrenocortical function.
FUNCTIONAL HETEROGENEITY OF THE THYROID AND POSSIBLE PRESENCE OF IODOTYROSINE-LIKE COMPOUNDS IN NORMAL SERUM
Authors: Wiener J. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After the administration of 131I to normal animals or human subjects, labelled thyroxine and triiodothyronine, but at most traces of labelled iodotyrosines can be detected in the serum. However, several investigators using various methods claim to have found considerable amounts of one or both of these iodotyrosines when assaying the stable (non-radioactive) iodinated compounds in the serum.
Considering the available evidence as convincing for the present, an attempt has been made to explain this discrepancy. A schematic model of the thyroidal iodine metabolism is proposed, based on (a) the hypothesis that the iodotyrosines are present in the circulation in a »masked« form (i. e. protected against deiodination), and (b) the known functional heterogeneity of the thyroid tissue. This heterogeneity should be of a qualitative as well as quantitative nature.
As the physical decay rate of 131I is short in comparison with the turnover rate of the masked iodotyrosine pool, an isotope equilibrium experiment with rats was carried out, using the long-lived isotope 125I. The results of this experiment, viewed together with those of a similar investigation published by others, seem to lend support to the proposed mechanism.
The presence of non-negligible amounts of a diiodotyrosine-like compound in normal rat serum seems fairly well established.
PITUITARY LACTOGENIC HORMONE RELEASE DURING ONSET OF PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN INTACT RATS
Authors: Herlyn U. , Geller H.-F. , Berswordt-Wallrabe Ilse v. , Berswordt-Wallrabe R. v. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The release of lactogenic hormone (LGH) was studied at the onset of pseudopregnancy in 90 rats. The LGH-content of the pituitary glands was determined by the pigeon crop sac assay. Glass rod stimulation of the cervix during vaginal oestrus was followed by a significant decrease in the LGH-content of the pituitary glands, thus demonstrating a correlation between LGH-release and beginning pseudopregnancy.
Anaesthesia by Nembutal almost prevented this effect of cervical stimulation.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF C-21 STEROIDS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Pion R. , Jaffe R. , Eriksson G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In situ perfusion of human midterm placentas with labelled pregnenolone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone was carried out. Following perfusion with pregnenolone in two experiments, 80 and 90 per cent of the radioactive material recovered from the placenta and 25 and 29 per cent of that recovered from the perfusate was progesterone. These figures accounted for 17 and 13 per cent of the perfused dose. Perfusion with 17α-hydroxypregnenolone in three experiments indicated that 87, 66 and 73 per cent of the radioactive material recovered from the placentas and 48, 44 and 52 per cent of that found in the perfusates was 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. These figures represent 26, 17 and 17 per cent of the perfused material.
Several polar metabolites of both pregnenolone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone were also detected, but in amounts insufficient for their identification.
It is suggested that conversion of circulating 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-precursors into α,β-unsaturated 3-ketones may be a major pathway in the placental synthesis of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone.
UNILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY FOLLOWED BY PITUITARY IRRADIATION IN CUSHING'S DISEASE; WITH OBSERVATIONS ON CORTISOL SECRETION AFTER THERAPY
Authors: van Seters A. P. , Jenny M. , Querido A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nineteen out of 38 patients with Cushing's disease were successfully treated by unilateral adrenalectomy and post-operative pituitary irradiation. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 11 years, with an average of 5.7 years. Determinations of cortisol secretion were performed in 13 patients as part of the follow-up study for the evaluation of the therapeutic result. In 11 patients, the secretion rates varied between 12.4 and 30.9 mg/24 h, values which are considered normal. Unilateral adrenalectomy followed by pituitary irradiation is advocated as the primary treatment in patients suffering from Cushing's disease without serious complications.
CLINICAL FEATURES OBSERVED IN PATIENTS WITH AN UNEXPLAINED LOW CORTISOL BINDING CAPACITY
Authors: De Moor P. , Steeno O. , Hendrikx A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Clinical and biochemical studies have been made on sixty-one untreated patients with a low cortisol binding capacity (C. B. C.), as determined by a gel filtration technique, and no hypoproteinaemia or dysproteinaemia. Characteristic signs and symptoms were found. In the female group, obesity (65 per cent) sometimes suggesting Cushing's disease, diabetes or prediabctes (59 per cent), menstrual disturbances (55 per cent) and hypertension (46 per cent) were the most conspicuous findings. In adult men, diabetes or prediabetes (62 per cent), obesity (29 per cent) and hypertension (29 per cent) were noted. Twelve out of sixteen boys with an unexplained low C. B. C. had disorders of adolescent development, i. e. gynaecomastia (56 per cent), »pseudo-Froehlich« syndrome (44 per cent) and cryptorchidy (20 per cent).
In women, the urinary 17-ketosteroids and glucocorticoids were elevated, though the latter values were only slightly above normal; there was a negative and significant correlation between 17,21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxy-corticoids. In the group of male adults, an increase of urinary glucocorticoids was observed, whereas the excretion of 17-ketosteroids was normal. Both groups showed rather low 8 a. m. unconjugated plasma corticoid levels.
The low cortisol binding capacity in these patients was found to be independent of adrenocortical function, excess of weight, or technical artefacts. The response to oestrogens (endogenous or exogenous) was clearly defective.
Whether the low plasma cortisol binding capacity itself is the cause of the clinical and biochemical findings observed in these patients, remains to be elucidated.
TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION
Authors: Philip J. , Sele V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Genetic and hormonal studies were carried out on a family in which three sibs presented the complete syndrome of testicular feminization (T. F.). In addition to the seven features, by which the general picture of this condition was described by Morris (1953), three other now well known signs are added: 1) the high malignancy risk, 2) the hereditary nature and 3) the XY karyotype. The patients are described according to this 10 point-scheme and it is suggested that male pseudohermaphrodites in general should be so described.
The three sibs of this family all have the karyotype 46/XY and now 15 cases of T. F. of which some were relatives with the karyotype XY are recorded in the literature. As however 2 cases (13 %) were found with other karyotypes, more cases must be investigated before a definite conclusion can be drawn about the association of this karyotype with the syndrome.
Linkage studies were carried out in collaboration with Dr. Ruth Sanger and Dr. R. R. Race. No close linkage was found between the gene for T. F. and the X-linked genes for the Xg blood groups. Furthermore no close linkage was found between the gene for T. F. and the autosomal genes for the MNSs, Lutheran and Duffy blood group systems for which the family segregated informatively.
A suppression test of 17-ketosteroids with cortisone-acetate was carried out in one case which indicated that the gonad was an abnormal ovary or a testis. Absence of hair growth in T. F. is discussed on the basis of the hypothesis of Wilkins and Morris, that the tissues are non-responsive to the androgens produced by the gonad.
THE EFFECT OF D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE ON THE MELANOPHORES OF THE TOAD BUFO ARENARUM UNDER DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Iturriza Fermín C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Parenteral administration of D-lysergic acid diethylamide in doses of 0.1 mg per animal, produced bleaching of the skin in dark adapted Bufo arenarum toads.
No melanophore-concentrating activity of lysergic acid was found in vitro.
The bleaching effect of the drug can also be demonstrated in toads with destruction of the hypothalamic-hypophysial pathway. It is therefore assumed that lysergic acid does not act on the pars intermedia via the hypothalamus.
STUDIES ON SALIVA IN MENSTRUATING, PREGNANT AND POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Kullander S. , Sonesson B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Saliva from normally menstruating, pregnant and post-menopausal women was collected by catheterizing the excretory duct of the submandibular gland. The saliva was studied for rate of secretion, water content and the crystallization pattern. In addition the spontaneous secretion of saliva as well as the secretion stimulated by histamine and by pilocarpine were studied.
The observations can be summarized as follows:
Histamine had no effect on the rate of secretion, while pilocarpine increased the secretion considerably.
In fertile women, the rate of spontaneous and histamine-stimulated secretion was somewhat higher during the secretion phase of the menstrual cycle than during the proliferation phase. No significant difference was found between the water content of the saliva in the two phases.
In pregnant women there was a decrease in the rate of secretion as compared with normally menstruating women. In the post-menopausal women the decrease in secretion of saliva was still more marked.
In pregnant women the crystallization pattern of the saliva was coarser than in menstruating women. After the menopause the crystallization pattern was still coarser and in one case no crystallization occurred at all. No constant differences were observed between the patterns during the proliferation and secretion phases, respectively.
RENAL FUNCTION AND KIDNEY SIZE FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN MAN
Authors: Falkheden Thomas , Wickbom Ingmar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were performed in close connection with roentgenographic estimation of kidney size, before and after hypophysectomy, in 10 patients (four cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma, five cases of diabetic retinopathy and one case of acromegaly).
Hypophysectomy was regularly followed by a decrease in GFR and RPF. In most cases, a reduction in the roentgenographic kidney size was also observed. However, the changes in the roentgenographic kidney size and calculated kidney weight after hypophysectomy were smaller and occurred at a slower rate than the alterations in GFR and RPF. The results favour the view that, primarily, the decrease in GFR and RPF following hypophysectomy is essentially functional rather than due to a reduced kidney mass.
DIE WIRKUNG VON HYPOPHYSENHORMONEN AUF DAS IN DIE MILZ IMPLANTIERTE OVAR
Authors: Fels E. , Foglia V. G. , Rivera Cortés L. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The atrophy of the intrasplenic ovarian graft or that of the graft's tumour, produced by the hypophysectomy may be avoided by the application of chorionic and serum gonadotrophins.
Also somatotrophin has a positive effect, almost equal to gonadotrophins with regard to the tumour; its action upon the non tumorous graft is much slighter.
While combining gonadotrophins with somatotrophin, the percentage of non atrophic grafts increases twice as much in comparison with the sole application of somatotrophin, but remains much inferior to the results obtained by the injection of gonadotrophins only.
Prolactin has no effect at all, neither upon the graft nor upon the tumour once developed.
VERMINDERTE OESTROGEN-AUSSCHEIDUNG IN DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT NACH SUBTOTALER ADRENALEKTOMIE
Authors: Hammerstein J. , Nevinny-Stickel J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uneventful course of pregnancy in a patient who had undergone subtotal adrenalectomy for Cushing's Syndrome 16 months prior to the onset of pregnancy is reported. The urinary steroid excretion was followed throughout pregnancy; during the last three weeks before delivery daily determinations were carried out. The 17-ketosteroid output was somewhat elevated in this period as compared with non-pregnant values, while no change in the excretion of 17-hydroxysteroids was observed; the pregnanediol values were within the low normal range for the relevant periods of pregnancy. The most striking feature was a significantly low excretion of oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol-17β throughout the last three weeks ante partum, the output of the total oestrogens did not exceed 5 mg per day. The results are discussed with regard to the rôle of the maternal and foetal adrenals in placental steroidogenesis.
TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION AND METABOLIC CLEARANCE RATES WITH VOLUMES OF DISTRIBUTON IN NORMAL ADULT MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: Horton R. , Shinsako J. , Forsham P. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The complex aspects of androgen steroid metabolism make it important to investigate the relationship between the production rate of testosterone from analysis of a urinary metabolite and the production rate of steroid in the plasma. The plasma production rate of testosterone was estimated by the product of metabolic clearance rate (M. C. R.) and mean plasma concentration and this was compared with the urinary production rate by analysis of specific activity of a urinary metabolite, testosterone glucuronoside. The M. C. R. following single injection of tritiated testosterone calculated according to the method of Tait was 980 1/d S.D.±120 in 5 normal males and 760 and 840 1 in 2 females. The product M. C. R. and mean plasma testosterone indicates a plasma or inner pool production rate of 6.9 mg/d in normal male and maximum 0.8 mg/d in adult female. The urinary production rate was determined by injection of tritiated testosterone, enzyme hydrolysis of urine, chromatographic isolation of testosterone and its oxidized derivative, and determination of the cumulative specific activity. The urinary production rate was 6.5 mg S. D. ±1.9 in male and 1.9 mg/d S. D. ± 0.9 mg in normal female. 1 % of injected tracer was excreted as testosterone glucuronoside. The plasma production and urinary production rates in the male were quite similar, however the discrepancy in the female suggests that approximately 1 mg of testosterone precursor is converted to testosterone in a second compartment not in equilibrium with plasma testosterone.
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE CONTENT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: Palmieri Genaro , Ikkos Denis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the fat, water, sodium, potassium and chloride content of muscle were performed in biopsies obtained from nine unselected acromegalic patients. The water, sodium and chloride contents were normal, while the potassium content was significantly increased (P < 0.01) by eight per cent. These results were interpreted as showing that the intracellular sodium content of the muscle is normal in acromegaly and that there is no extracellular oedema in this disease.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME FOLLOWING PARTIAL ADRENALECTOMY AND COMPLETE HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Sullivan W. A. , Hydovitz Jerrold D. , Rosomoff H. , Danowski T. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A third episode of Cushing's syndrome developed in an adult male who had undergone subtotal adrenalectomy and then complete hypophysectomy in temporarily successful treatment of two earlier episodes. Judging from necropsy findings, this final recurrence was not the result of incomplete pituitary ablation or regeneration of pituitary remnants. Extrasellar pituitary or other ACTH secreting tissue could not be identified, but the patient's marked melanosis suggested its presence with consequent excesses of ACTH or MSH. However, irrespective of whether such excesses did or did not exist, it is clear that the third episode of Cushing's syndrome resulted from hyperfunction of the small adrenal remnant.