bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reaction‐diffusion model performing stripe‐ and spot‐image restoration and its LSI implementation
Authors: Suzuki Yohei , Takayama Takahiro , Motoike Ikuko N. , Asai Tetsuya 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper is intended to develop an LSI that restores in real time an image pattern with defects and contamination. To this end, based on the principle of shape formation in biological bodies, a reaction‐diffusion model that can generate and repair Turing patterns, such as stripes and spots seen in fingerprint and body marks, is proposed. A parallel architecture of the reaction‐diffusion chips incorporating this model is presented. By means of circuit simulation, it is shown that this LSI can restore stripe (spot) patterns. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(1): 20–29, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20243
Range measurement in ultrasound FMCW system
Authors: Kunita Masanori 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe low peak power of FMCW radar is attractive for application to various fields, such as vehicle collision warning systems and airborne radio altimeters. This paper describes a sonar system to provide ultrasound cross‐sectional images for diagnosis based on the same principle as the FMCW radar. Adoption of the sawtooth waveform is proposed for FM modulation to attain sufficient range resolution. The baseband received signal is analytically estimated to calculate the spectrum and range resolution. The calculation results suggest that the sonar system has similar range resolution to conventional pulse sonars, whose instantaneous power has a very high peak.The theoretically estimated spectrum also suggests that the FMCW sonar system operates well in the case of simultaneous acceptance of reflected signals from multiple points because its excellent range resolution enables distinguishing the contributions from different reflection points.The calculation results are verified by an experiment in which an electric delay line is used instead of human tissue to avoid ambiguity caused by unexpected reflection points in the measuring setup. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(1): 9–19, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20244
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Series of Carboxylic Acid Modified Cerium(III) Alkoxides
Authors: Boyle Timothy J. , Tribby Louis J. , Bunge Scott D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of cerium alkoxides were synthesized from the reaction of Ce{N[Si(CH3)3]2}3 and the appropriate alcohol: neopentyl alcohol [H–OCH2C(CH3)3 = H‐ONep], tert‐butyl alcohol [H–OC(CH3)3 = H‐OtBu], o‐(tert‐butyl)phenol {H–OC6H4[C(CH3)3]‐2 = H‐oBP}, 2,6‐dimethylphenol [H–OC6H3(CH3)2‐2,6 = H‐DMP], 2,6‐diisopropylphenol {H–OC6H3[CH(CH3)2]2‐2,6 = H‐DIP}, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol {H–OC6H3[C(CH3)3]2‐2,6 = H‐DBP}, or 2,6‐diphenylphenol [H–OC6H3(C6H5)2‐2,6 = H‐DPP] using toluene (tol), tetrahydrofuran (THF) or pyridine (py). The precursors were characterized as [Ce(μ‐ONep)2(ONep)]4 (1), Ce4(μ3‐OtBu)3(μ‐OtBu)4(OtBu)5 (2), Ce3(μ3‐OtBu)3(μ‐OtBu)3(OtBu)3(H‐OtBu)2 (2a), Ce(oBP)3(THF)3 (3), [Ce(μ‐DMP)(DMP)2(solv)2]2 [solv = THF (4) and py (4a)], Ce(DIP)3(THF)3 (5), Ce(DPP)3(THF)2 (6). Once isolated, several of these species were further reacted with a series of sterically varied carboxylic acid modifiers including isobutyric acid [H–O2CCH(CH3)2 = H‐OPc] and trimethylacetic acid [H–O2CC(CH3)3 = H‐OBc]. The products were isolated as [Ce(OR)(μ‐ORc)(μc‐ORc)(py)]2 [OR = oBP, OBc: 7; DMP, OPc: 8; DMP, OBc: 9; DIP, OPc: 10]. These compounds were identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and powder XRD analyses. Several novel structure types are added to the cerium alkoxide family of compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
New Polar Pyrazolylborate Ligands and Their Basic Zinc Complex Chemistry (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 19/2006)
Authors: Pérez Olmo Cristina , Böhmerle Karin , Steinfeld Gunther , Vahrenkamp Heinrich 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the Alhambra in Granada, the home town of the Spanish author of this paper. The Moors in their desert dreamt of palaces abundant with water, and that is why they built the Alhambra. Likewise, the water‐soluble encapsulating pyrazolylborate ligand, shown as an (aqua)zinc complex set in one of Alhambra's gardens, is the realization of a long‐standing dream of the Freiburg group, whose biomimetic zinc complex chemistry was previously confined by the hydrophobicity of the model complexes, typically the zinc hydroxide complex shown in the background. The abundance of red (carbonyl oxygen) and green (amide nitrogen) atoms in the foreground complex visualizes its hydrophilicity due to the carboxamide substituents on the tripod ligand. Details are discussed in the article by H. Vahrenkamp et al. on p. 3869 ff.
Stereodivergent Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Piperidine Alkaloids
Authors: Adriaenssens Louis V. , Austin Carolyn A. , Gibson Mairi , Smith David , Hartley Richard C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlkylidenetitanium reagents enable the reagent‐controlled high throughput asymmetric synthesis of 2‐substituted piperidines and rapid access to multiple cyclic imines using solid phase synthesis (SPS). The Schrock carbenes, generated by reduction of thioacetals, convert resin‐bound esters into enol ethers. Treatment with acid releases amino ketones that are cyclized with TMSCl to give iminium salts. Reduction introduces a chiral centre at C‐2, whose absolute stereochemistry is determined by a phenethylamine (PEA) chiral auxiliary. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cover Picture: Unexpected Highly Chemoselective Anodic ortho‐Coupling Reaction of 2,4‐Dimethylphenol on Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 20/2006)
Authors: Malkowsky Itamar M. , Griesbach Ulrich , Pütter Hermann , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows the highly chemoselective conversion of 2,4‐dimethylphenol to the corresponding biphenol on diamond as electrode. Under controlled electrolysis conditions on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes the most efficient electrochemical synthesis for this technically relevant biphenol was created. Details and an electrolysis cell for BDD electrodes are discussed in the article by S. R. Waldvogel et al. on p. 4569 ff. (Artwork support by C. Siering is highly appreciated.)
Seismic safety evaluation of electric power supply at urban level
Authors: Nuti Camillo , Rasulo Alessandro , Vanzi Ivo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn past works the authors set up a refined model for electric power networks under earthquake action. The procedure models the fragility of components with respect to earthquake action, the complex behaviour of the stations and the network, the power flow, the network capability to feed the nodes in a damaged condition, the earthquake damage on the territory, the need to deliver electric power to the municipalities where most damage has occurred. In later works the method was improved towards design goals: nonetheless complexity of the network seismic behaviour, a procedure to maximize safety of selected nodes and minimize economic expenses was constructed, allowing identification of which components, within each station, had to be upgraded to obtain the maximum economic convenience. The procedure was programmed within the ASK4ELP computer code (National Information Service for Earthquake Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A., 1999) using late 1990s state‐of‐the‐art knowledge for both the earthquake and the structural behaviour models.Recently the method has gone through a thorough updating, partially still in progress. Among the results, it is now more clear how important is a correct soil geotechnical model to predict the system response and safety. This paper presents, together with a short summary of the ASK4ELP procedure, these latest advancements and results and shows, through a real example, the sensitivity of the predicted safety to soil modelling. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personality or pathology?: Obsessive–compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Serpell Lucy , Hirani Varsha , Willoughby Kate , Neiderman Marc , Lask Bryan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have addressed obsessive– compulsive features in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN), but few have been conducted with younger patients. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and severity of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and obsessive–compulsive personality (OCP) traits, and to explore the relationships between AN, OCD symptoms and OCP traits in young people.MethodForty‐nine children and adolescents with AN completed measures assessing eating disorder psychopathology, OCD symptoms, OCP traits and perfectionism.ResultsFifty‐one per cent displayed clinically significant levels of OCD symptoms and 16% clinically significant OCP traits. Statistically significant positive relationships were found between AN and OCD symptoms and between OCD symptoms and OCP traits. However, no relationships were found between AN and OCP traits.ConclusionThis study suggests approximately half of young people with AN may have clinically significant OCD symptoms. Such findings indicate careful assessment for OCD is important in this group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Applying reliability analysis in evaluation of life‐cycle costs of alternative network solutions
Authors: Verho P. , Järventausta P. , Kivikko K. , Pylvänäinen J. , Partanen J. , Lassila J. , Honkapuro S. , Kaipia T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElectric utilities are enforced to control trustworthily total lifetime costs caused by their network components without jeopardizing the reliability and security of the network. New distribution planning methods and procedures are needed in order to meet the expectations and performance targets of regulators, company owners, and customers in the re‐regulated environment. One of the most challenging tasks for electrical utilities is the consideration of reliability as a part of long term planning of the network. In order to respond to these requirements, an advanced IT‐solution has been created, which provides reliability analysis as a part of the network planning process. The software implementation and the developed models for reliability analysis are presented briefly in the paper. The focus of the proposed paper deals with studies in which alternative network solutions are evaluated using the developed application. For each alternative the total lifetime costs are calculated, including reliability costs. The optimal plan depends on the selection of reliability optimization criteria: the reliability costs may consist only of direct utility costs, but they can also include customer interruption costs and even the costs of voltage dips. The paper presents and evaluates results of example studies and discusses the correlation between the utility strategy and optimal network structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐agent application of substation protection coordination with distributed generators
Authors: Wan H. , Li K. K. , Wong K. P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper presents new explorations into the use of agent technology applied to substation protection coordination of power systems. The impact of distributed generators (DG) on protection coordination in substation with different locations is discussed first. Then a coordination multi‐agent system is proposed with the functions of the agents described. In the proposed system, communication will play an important role to provide more information for the relay coordination besides the relay settings. Relay coordination strategy is also discussed and communication simulation has been carried out on the Java agent development framework (JADE) platform. The simulation results shows that proper protection coordination can be achieved by the proposed coordination strategy and information communication. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valuation of dynamic reactive power support in multitransaction power systems
Authors: Pirayesh Abolfazl , Vakilian Mehdi , Feuillet Rene , Hadj‐Said Nouredine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a reactive power valuation method with regard to its effect on realization of MW transactions. The security constraint optimization model in which the objective function is maximization of transactions is solved by the genetic algorithm approach. The proposed scheme allocates a specific amount of MW transactions to each dynamic reactive power source. An index is introduced to derive VAr value from the calculated optimal parameters of power network. This index represents the system‐wide effect of MVAr sources on MW transactions implementations. Application of proposed method has been illustrated using IEEE 30 and 14 bus test systems. Results are discussed and compared in different conditions of the system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid finite compact‐WENO schemes for shock calculation
Authors: Shen Yiqing , Yang Guowei 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHybrid finite compact (FC)‐WENO schemes are proposed for shock calculations. The two sub‐schemes (finite compact difference scheme and WENO scheme) are hybridized by means of the similar treatment as in ENO schemes. The hybrid schemes have the advantages of FC and WENO schemes. One is that they possess the merit of the finite compact difference scheme, which requires only bi‐diagonal matrix inversion and can apply the known high‐resolution flux to obtain high‐performance numerical flux function; another is that they have the high‐resolution property of WENO scheme for shock capturing. The numerical results show that FC‐WENO schemes have better resolution properties than both FC‐ENO schemes and WENO schemes. In addition, some comparisons of FC‐ENO and artificial compression method (ACM) filter scheme of Yee et al. are also given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of well‐balanced bore‐capturing schemes for 2D wetting and drying processes
Authors: Marche F. , Bonneton P. , Fabrie P. , Seguin N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe consider numerical solutions of the two‐dimensional non‐linear shallow water equations with a bed slope source term. These equations are well‐suited for the study of many geophysical phenomena, including coastal engineering where wetting and drying processes are commonly observed. To accurately describe the evolution of moving shorelines over strongly varying topography, we first investigate two well‐balanced methods of Godunov‐type, relying on the resolution of non‐homogeneous Riemann problems. But even if these schemes were previously proved to be efficient in many simulations involving occurrences of dry zones, they fail to compute accurately moving shorelines. From this, we investigate a new model, calledSURF_WB, especially designed for the simulation of wave transformations over strongly varying topography. This model relies on a recent reconstruction method for the treatment of the bed‐slope source term and is able to handle strong variations of topography and to preserve the steady states at rest. In addition, the use of the recent VFRoe‐ncv Riemann solver leads to a robust treatment of wetting and drying phenomena. An adapted ‘second order’ reconstruction generates accurate bore‐capturing abilities.This scheme is validated against several analytical solutions, involving varying topography, time dependent moving shorelines and convergences toward steady states. This model should have an impact in the prediction of 2D moving shorelines over strongly irregular topography. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms among older adults in urban and rural areas
Authors: St John Philip D. , Blandford Audrey A. , Strain Laurel A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo determine if there are differences in depressive symptoms between residents of urban areas, small town zones, and predominantly rural regions and to determine factors associated with depressive symptoms among these groups of residents.MethodThe study was set in the Canadian province of Manitoba amongst a community‐dwelling population of older adults who were cognitively intact. The design of the study was a cross‐sectional survey and measures included age, gender, education, living arrangements, number of persons providing companionship, perceived adequacy of income, functional impairment, self‐rated health and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression (CES‐D) scale. Urban/rural residence was measured by grouping Census sub‐divisions according to 1991 Census population: urban (>19,999); small town (2500 to 19,999); or predominantly rural (<2500).ResultsIn the total sample (n = 1382), 11.5% exhibited depressive symptoms: 11.6% in urban areas (n = 844); 14.0% in small town zones (n = 250); 9.0% in predominantly rural regions (n = 288) (p > 0.05, chi‐square test). No rural‐urban differences were seen in multivariate models. In predominantly rural regions, living alone, perceiving one's income as inadequate, and having functional impairment were associated with depressive symptoms. The only significant factor in small town zones was poorer self‐rated health whereas in urban areas, poorer self‐rated health, functional impairment, and fewer persons providing companionship were significantly related to depressive symptoms.ConclusionsWe did not observe rural‐urban differences. However, the factors associated with depressive symptoms varied among older adults living in predominantly rural regions, in small towns, and in urban areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring minimal residual disease and controlling drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in treatment with imatinib as a guide to clinical management
Authors: Martinelli Giovanni , Iacobucci Ilaria , Soverini Simona , Cilloni Daniela , Saglio Giuseppe , Pane Fabrizio , Baccarani Michele 
Published: September 2006

AbstractImatinib mesylate, binding to the inactive conformation of Bcr‐Abl tyrosine kinase and suppressing the Ph chromosome positive clone, has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. Given the high rates of clinical and cytogenetic remission achieved, the molecular monitoring of BCR‐ABL transcript levels by RT‐qPCR has become always more important to assess minimal residual disease. Recently, recommendations for harmonizing current methodologies for detecting and measuring BCR‐ABL transcripts in CML patients have been suggested. Studies of imatinib‐treated patients have determined that the BCR‐ABL levels measured early in therapy may predict durable cytogenetic remission and in turn prolonged progression free‐survival or acquisition of resistance. The major mechanism of imatinib resistance is clonal expansion of leukaemia cells with mutations in the Bcr‐Abl fusion tyrosine kinase. The early reduction of such mutations may allow timely treatment intervention to prevent or overcome resistance. We review current trends in the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients undergoing treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein kinase B modulates the sensitivity of human neuroblastoma cells to insulin‐like growth factor receptor inhibition
Authors: Guerreiro Ana S. , Boller Danielle , Shalaby Tarek , Grotzer Michael A. , Arcaro Alexandre 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe potential of the novel insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐IR) inhibitor NVP‐AEW541 as an antiproliferative agent in human neuroblastoma was investigated. Proliferation of a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines was inhibited by NVP‐AEW541 with IC50 values ranging from 0.15 to 5 μM. Experiments using an IGF‐IR neutralizing antibody confirmed that the IGF‐IR was essential to support growth of neuroblastoma cell lines. The expression levels of the IGF‐IR in individual neuroblastoma cell lines did not correlate with the sensitivities to NVP‐AEW541, while coexpression of the IGF‐IR and the insulin receptor (IR) correlated with lower sensitivity to the inhibitor in some cell lines. Intriguingly, high levels of activation of Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) and phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 protein were observed in neuroblastoma cell lines with decreased sensitivities to NVP‐AEW541. Inhibition of Akt/PKB activity restored the sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells to the IGF‐IR inhibitor. Transfection of neuroblastoma cells with activated Akt or ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) decreased the sensitivity of the cells to NVP‐AEW541. IGF‐I‐stimulated proliferation of neuroblastoma cell lines was completely blocked by NVP‐AEW541, or by a combination of an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and rapamycin. In addition to its antiproliferative effects, NVP‐AEW541 sensitized neuroblastoma cells to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. Together, our data demonstrate that NVP‐AEW541 in combination with Akt/PKB inhibitors or chemotherapeutic agents may represent a novel approach to target human neuroblastoma cell proliferation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flat penile lesions: The infectious “invisible” link in the transmission of human papillomavirus
Authors: Bleeker Maaike C.G. , Snijders Peter F.J. , Voorhorst Feja J. , Meijer Chris J.L.M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAlthough it has been widely accepted that high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is sexually transmitted, limited insight is available about the clinical manifestations of hrHPV infection in men and their contribution in the viral spread. Here, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between hrHPV and the presence of penile lesions. Flat penile lesions have similar predilection sites as HPV, often contain hrHPV as identified by DNA in situ hybridization in biopsy specimens, show a high association with hrHPV as identified by PCR in penile scrapes of lesional sites and are associated with high viral copy numbers. Absence of flat lesions is generally associated with very low HPV copy numbers or absence of HPV. Therefore, we argue that these lesions form the reservoir of hrHPV in men and contribute to the viral spread. Their bare visibility with the naked eye and their high degree of spontaneous healing explain why flat penile lesions have slipped the attention of the clinician. Combining an HPV DNA test with a visual inspection after acetic acid application offers a more reliable interpretation of a positive HPV test in men, as it helps to distinguish positivity that is very likely to reflect a productive HPV infection from potentially HPV infections with very low copy numbers or HPV contamination by the sex partner. Future trials of HPV vaccines in men should take into account not only the presence of penile HPV but also the presence of flat penile lesions as an outcome measure for the efficacy of a vaccine. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.