bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the influence of wood‐inhabiting bacteria on the pH‐value in trees
Authors: Schmidt O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRegardless of their isolation origin, bacteria from wetwood of fir and poplar, from polluted beech and spruce trees, and from discoloured timber of Ilomba, acidified aerobically glucose‐rich substrates by organic acid production and increased the pH of protein media by ammonia. The pH‐changes occurred in laboratory nutrient media and also in the physiologically characterized capillary liquids and wood flours of fir, poplar and spruce.
Physiologische und biochemische Aspekte der Wirkung von Immissionen auf Waldbäume1
Authors: Jäger Von H.‐J. , Weigel H.‐J. , Grünhage L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhysiological and biochemical aspects of the impact of air pollutants on forest trees. The article summarizes physiological and biochemical aspects and the usefulness of these parameters as early indicators and possible causes of the current forest decline. After a description of the effects of gaseous air pollutants and acid precipitation on foliar and needle surface structures, the mechanisms underlying the uptake and translocation of these pollutants into the plant interior are evaluated. It is further described how air pollutants and their reaction products, respectively, interact with different metabolic steps of the plant. Special emphasis is layed on free radicals and their reaction product as potent inhibitors of biochemical reactions within the plant cell.
The detection of poplar mosaic virus and its occurrence in a range of clones in England and Poland
Authors: Cooper J. I. , Edwards M. L. , Siwecki R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe incidence of poplar mosaic virus evidenced by foliage symptoms, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or bioassay (infectivity) was greater in stooled clones having Aigeiros (especially as the female) parents than in those of Tacamahaca parentage. The overall prevalence of the virus in clones growing in England was less (84/344, 24%) than in clones growing in Poland (143/256, 56%). Whereas symptoms in PMV‐infected P. deltoides were prominent and common, in P. nigra, another species assigned to the Section Aigeiros they were indistinct and rare. Evidence of poplar mosaic virus inferred from ELISA alone was found in only one aspen of 52 tested clones in the Sections Leuce, Leuce × Leuce or Leucoides.
Pathogenicity of three Lophodermium species on Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Diwani S. A. , Millar C. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe pathogenicity of Lophodermium pinastri, L. conigenum and L. seditiosum on 14‐month old transplants was investigated in Scotland. While L. seditiosum was found to be a serious pathogen, L. conigenum and L. pinastri were not. Under outdoor conditions, L. seditiosum was found to kill needles five months after inoculation.
Simultane Messung der Chlorophyll Fluoreszenz‐Kinetik bei verschiedenen Wellenlángen als rasches Verfahren zur Frühdiagnose von Immissionsbelastungen an Waldbäumen: Ozoneinwirkungen auf Buchen und Pappeln
Authors: Strasser R. J. , Schwarz B. , Bucher J. B. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Simultaneous measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence‐kinetics at two different wavelengths as a rapid and an early detection method of air pollution damage on trees: Ozone effects on beech and poplar. A newly defined light adaption index AP shows the stress influence already before the comparable and known vitality index Rfd and the appearance of visible ozone symptoms on foliage.
Infection of roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) by Heterobasidion annosum
Authors: Stenlid J. , Johansson M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRoots of 18 mature Picea abies were inoculated in situ with Heterobasidion annosum. Within one month a dry transition zone formed in advance of the growing hyphae and around non‐infected wounds. After 1, 3, and 12 months, the fungal growth and the phenolic and resinous content of the root wood were determined. After 12 months, accumulation of phenolic compounds in the transition zone resulted in concentrations similar to those found in sound heartwood and 12 times higher than those found in sound sapwood. The amount of phenolic glucosides in Heterobasidion annosum‐infected wood was higher than in the other samples. The relative toxicity of the phenolics was highest in the transition zone and lowest in the heartwood. At concentrations comparable to those in wood, transition zone phenolics were the strongest inhibitors of conidial germination in Heterobasidion annosum and sapwood phenolics were the weakest.
Amino nitrogen and phenolic constituents of bark of American beech, Fagus grandifolia, and infestation by beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga
Authors: Wargo Ph. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConcentrations of amino acids, total amino nitrogen, and phenols, ratio of phenol to amino nitrogen, and pH in the bark of American beech, Fagus grandifolia, were determined to see if these chemical constituents were correlated with susceptibility of trees to infestation by the beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga. The relationship of these bark constituents with scale infestation levels (none, light, and moderate), tree size (large vs. small trees), and bark shading was determined. Levels of some individual amino acids and total amino acid content in moderately infested trees were significantly higher than in uninfested trees. Large uninfested beech trees, which tend to be more readily infested by scale, had significantly higher concentrations of aspartic acid. Concentrations of phenol in the outer bark of both infested and uninfested trees were significantly higher than in the inner bark. However in bark infected by Nectria, phenol levels in the inner bark were significantly higher than in the outer bark.
Comparaison des activités phosphatases ?Homobasidiomycètes ectomycorhiziens en culture in vitro
Authors: Mousain D. , Bousquet Nadine , Polard Catherine 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComparison of phosphatase activities in ectomycorrhizal Homobasidiomycetes cultured in vitro. Phosphatase activities, measured on intact mycelia (accessible activities) or on mycelial homogenates (total activities), were compared in twelve ectomy corrhizal strains of Homobasidiomycetes (Hebeloma cylindrosporum, Laccaria laccata; Suillus bellini; S. bovinus; S. granulatus; S. luteus, Pisolithus arhizus). The effects of the following factors were examined: (i) two orthophosphate concentrations in the culture medium; (ii) two incubation substrates (sodium p‐nitrophenylphosphate or sodium phytate). Phosphatase activities were highest when mycelial homogenates were incubated in the presence of p‐nitrophenyl phosphate after culturing the mycelia on medium slightly deficient in orthophosphate, particularly in the case of one S. granulatus isolate.
Ultrastructural studies of basidial and basidiospore development and basidiospore release in Chondrostereum purpureum
Authors: Spiers A. G. , Hopcroft D. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBasidia of Chondrostereum purpureum formed sympodially and extended enteroblastically and were delimited by a primary septum with a septal pore apparatus. Basidia were initially binucleate and following karyogamy and meiosis four daughter nuclei formed and entered basidiospore initially. Sterigmata formed by enteroblastic extension of the innermost basidial layer. Basidiospore initials developed on the top of sterigmata and cytoplasmic vesicles were numerous in their apices. Basidiospore initials were delimited from sterigmata by formation of an electron‐lucent zone. Basidiospores were released by rupture at or below the electron‐lucent zone, often leaving a portion of the sterigmal wall attached. Sporophores and basidia survived desiccation (22% water content) by vacuolation and condensation of cytoplasm. Sporophores had a strong affinity for moisture and rehydrated rapidly attaining water contents of 80% in less than ten minutes. Several hours elapsed however before a significant number of basidiospores were released. Field studies showed the importance of rain in hydrating sporophores and influence of high relative humidity in maintaining spore release.
Characterisation of bacteria from poplars and willows exhibiting leaf spotting and stem cankering in New Zealand
Authors: Haworth R. H. , Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring the unusually moist 1985–86 growing season, field grown poplars and willows exhibited on the current seasons growth, terminal and side shoot blackening, dieback, leaf spots and stem cankering. Bacteria isolated from infected tissues were: Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, P. fluorescens, Erwinia herbicola and Xanthomonas campestris pv. populi (poplar only). Isolates of P. syringae pv. syringae alone were pathogenic to the original hosts and evoked hypersensitive responses in tobacco leaves. The remaining bacteria were non‐pathogenic and accordingly were considered to be components of the epiphytic microflora.
Studien an Ektomykorrhizen XII.1,2
Authors: Von Weiss M. , Agerer R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Three unidentified mycorrhizae of Picea abies (L.) Karst. grown in a nursery. In connection with investigations on forest decline, three species of mycorrhizae were found at the roots of cuttings of Picea abies (L.) Karst. grown in a nursery. These three mycorrhizae are characterized, similar types as described in literature are discussed.
Isolation of symbiont and associated fungi from ectomycorrhizas of Sitka spruce
Authors: Schild D. E. , Kennedy A. , Stuart M. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIsolation of symbiont and associated fungi from ectomycorrhizas of Sitka spruce from three Irish forest plantations is described. Frequent emergence of dark sterile mycelia and Oidiodendron spp., predominantly O. maius, restricted the recovery of potential symbionts. Inhibition of the former by benomyl resulted in a sixfold increase in basidiomycetes isolated. Pure culture syntheses confirmed the ectomycorrhizal ability of potential symbiont isolates and demonstrated the parasitic nature of dark sterile mycelial types. Antagonism of Mycelium radicis atrovirens, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Heterobasidion annosum by O. maius observed in paired cultures supports the possible involvement of this species in biological control of conifer root pathogens.
Ophiostoma ulmi metabolites and elm cell membrane permeability. Possible use in early tests of resistance
Authors: Mezzetti B. , Mittempergher L. , Rosati P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractElectrolyte leakage from leaf discs of three Ulmus species when challenged with cultural filtrate of an NAN aggressive isolate of Ophiostoma ulmi paralleled their susceptibility to the disease in the field. But the correlation was not working with some hybrids derived from the common field elm showing intermediate resistance. The possible explanation will be checked in further tests which are in progress to assess the possibility of using this technique in early screening for resistance.
Comparative studies of type and herbarium specimens of Marssonina species pathogenic to poplars
Authors: Spiers A. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComparative studies of type and herbarium specimens of Marssonina species pathogenic to poplars showed that recognition of four species viz., M. populi, M. castagnei, M. balsamiferae and M. brunnea is warranted. M. tremutae, M. tremuloidis and M. populina were considered to be synonymous with M. brunnea, which has priority. Morphological features of conidia (shape, mean dimensions, size ratios and septum location) proved useful differential taxonomic criteria.
Wachstumsreaktionen verschiedener Provenienzen der Weißtanne (Abies alba Mill.) nach winterlicher SOj‐Begasung
Authors: Larsen J. B. , Friedrich J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Growth patterns of different Abies alba (Mill.) provenances after SO2‐fumigation during the previous winter. Height and diameter growth, time of flushing and needle cast were studied in different Abies alba provenances one year after SO2 exposure. Provenance specific reduction in growth and needle cast could be demonstrated.
A 21‐year record of forest decline on Camels Hump, Vermont, USA
Authors: Vogelmann H. W. , Perkins T. D. , Badger G. J. , Klein R. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEcological studies on Camels Hump mountain in northern Vermont document a decline of many forest tree species since 1965. A forest survey in 1986 shows a continued decline in the density, basal area and biomass of red spruce (Picea rubens) and other dominant tree species. The changes occurring between 1983 and 1986 indicate a rapid and continuing reduction in the productivity of the montane forest ecosystem.
Peroxidase‐ und Superoxiddismutase‐Aktivität sowie Prolingehalte von Fichtennadeln nach Belastung mit O3, SO2 und NO2
Authors: Klumpp G. , Guderian R. , Küppers K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn long‐term experiments the influence of various combinations of O3, SO2 and NO2 on peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity as well as on proline contents of spruce needles was studied. The reactions of these parameters varied depending on the type of pollution and the needle age. Peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were also influenced by Mg and Ca supply of the plants.
The oak decline: a new problem in Italy
Authors: Ragazzi A. , Fedi Irene Dellavalle , Mesturino Laura 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Authors observed, in Italy, over a number of years, isolated and grouped trees of the genus Quercus that declined over one or more vegetative seasons.The spread was very fast; in fact the trees declined in the course of 2–3 vegetative seasons. A series of symptoms was observed: production of epicormic shoots, yellowing of leaves, laceration of the bark, bleeding from the trunk. Many fungi were isolated: Armillaria spp., Cephalosporium spp., Cladosporium spp., Cylindrocarpon spp., Diplodia mutila, Hypoxylon mediterraneum, Phoma cavae, Pbomopsis quercina, Sporotrix spp.Future research will attempt to ascertain the possible causes of the decline.
Association of Tiarosporella parca with needle reddening and needle cast in Norway spruce
Authors: Heiniger Ursula , Schmid Manuela 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNeedles of Norway spruce turned red‐brown in late fall and were consequently shed. On these needles fungal fruit bodies of Tiarosporella parca were found. This fungus could also be isolated from green needles of all ages.
Epicuticular waxes and Melampsora pinitorqua Rostr. pre‐infection behaviour on maritime pine shoots
Authors: Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure , Le Menn R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPre‐infection behaviour of Melampsora pinitorqua basidiospores on maritime pine shoots was studied in scanning electron microscopy. An evolution of epicuticular wax fine structure during shoot growth was observed. The germination pattern of basidiospores was shown to be related to the wax structure.
Short term effects of simulated acid mist on gas exchange of Eucalyptus globulus1
Authors: Valentini R. , Scarascia‐Mugnozza G. , De P. , Angelis  , Monaco R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of simulated acid mist treatment on net photosynthesis were determined on Eucalyptus globulus trees. Net assimilation decreased for all the three levels but after 3—4 days recovered only in the pH 3.5 one. Acidity effects are discussed in terms of morphological change to the leaves and as alteration of stomatal and mesophyll resistances. 1 Research work supported by C.N.R., Italy. Special grant I.P.R.A. sub‐project 1. paper N. 2014
Isolierung eines Potyviruses aus erkrankter Fichte im Bayerischen Wald
Authors: Ebrahim‐Nesbat F. , Heitefuss R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Isolation of a Potyvirus from Norway Spruce in the Bavarian Forest. A flexuous filamentous virus was isolated from leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi inoculated with Norway spruce sap from the Bavarian forest. The normal virus particle length was 800 nm and the diameter about 10–12 nm. According to cytological and immunoelectronmicroscopical studies and aphid transmission trials the virus particles belong to the potyvirus group.
Saprophytic growth of Heterobasidion annosum on silver‐fir logs interred in different types of forest soils1
Authors: Capretti P. , Mugnai L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHeterobasidion annosumshows a greater colonization ability in wood interred in pastureland soil than in forest (beech and silver fir stand) soils. Its behaviour is studied in relation to wood colonization by other fungi present in the different soils.
The relative susceptibility of scots and lodgepole pine to western gall rust
Authors: van der Kamp B. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScots pine was much less susceptible (percent of seedlings infected) to western gall rust from the coast of British Columbia than lodgepole pine. There was no difference in the virulence spectrum of rust collections from Scots and lodgepole pine. Scots pine could be readily divided into susceptible (heavily infected) and resistant (disease free) seedlings; infection on lodgepole pine varied in a continuous and unimodal fashion.
On the pigment content of Norway spruce needles infected with Chrysomyxa rhododendri, and the carotenoids of the fungus aeciospores
Authors: Pfeifhofer H. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPigment patterns of Chrysomyxa rbododendri infected Norway spruce needles and carotene composition of Chrysomyxa rhododendri aeciospores were studied. In general, pigment content in rust infected spruce needles is diminished. Aeciospores of Chrysomyxa wododendri contain β‐ and γ‐carotene.
Virus contamination of soils in forest ecosystems of the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Büttner C. , Nienhaus E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInvestigations on virus contamination of soils in forests located in three federal states of West‐Germany have indicated that plant viruses are widely spread. From about one third of 284 samples mechanically transmissible viruses belonging to the potex‐, tobamo‐, tobacco necrosis‐ and potyvirus group were isolated by bait‐plant technique.
Intensity of dieback induced by Sphaeropsis sapinea in relation to site conditions
Authors: Zwolinski J. B. , Swart W. J. , Wingfield M. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFollowing a hail storm in the southern Cape Province of South Africa, Sphaeropsis sapinea infected about 2000 ha of pine plantations. A series of sample plots yielded information on symptom development in relation to site factors and stand characteristics. Aerial photography and ground inspection of the area showed that, although the intensity of disease was not affected by site quality or age, it was inversely proportional to altitude.
An intersterility group of Heterobasidion annosum specialized to Abies alba
Authors: Capretti P. , Korhonen K. , Mugnai L. , Romagnoli C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA third intersterility group of H. annosum in Europe has been identified from Italy. It is specialized to Abies alba., and hence is called the F (fir) group. It is closely related to the European S group, but is sexually incompatible with the geographically adjacent S population occurring in the Alps.
Inland spruce cone rust of black spruce: Effect on cone and seed yield, and seed quality
Authors: Singh Pritam , Carew G. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper is a follow‐up of an earlier article on inland spruce cone rust published by the author in 1981. It discusses the impact of the disease on cone and seed production, and seed quality, including seed viability. The cone and seed production and seed viability were reduced to a lesser or greater degree depending on the severity of infection; in severely infected cones practically no seeds were produced.
Sources of inoculum of Lophodermium seditiosum on Pinus sylvestris1
Authors: Diwani S. A. , Millar C. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA survey of the incidence of Lophodermium seditiosum, L. pinastri and L. conigenum in plantations of Pinus sylvestris in north‐east Scotland showed that L. seditiosum predominated on fallen cones and on young needles which tell prematurely in early summer. L. pinastri predominated on old senescent needles which fell in autumn. The incidence of L. conigenum was low on fallen cones and needles and it is not thought that tins species could effectively replace L. seditiosum. It is concluded that the main source of L. seditiosum inoculum for infections in plantations and nearby nurseries is young infected fallen needles on which ascocarps form in late summer and autumn.
Growth of Heterobasidion annosum through bark of Picea abies
Authors: Lindberg M. , Johansson M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough the suberized rhytidome and phellem of Norway spruce bark appeared to be the strongest barriers against penetration by Heterobasidion annosum, artificial inoculations on standing trees showed that the living phelloderm and phloem bark were also able to contain the fungus. Thickened cell walls and excretions in the lumen of necrotic cells, as well as morphological changes in the infecting hyphae, indicated that this protection is of both mechanical and chemical character. Rate of wound pcriderm formation was correlated to bark thickness and tree age.
An overview of root dieback and its causes in Swedish forest nurseries
Authors: Beyer‐Ericson Liselotte , Damm Eva , Unestam Torgny 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe authors present an overview of fungal pathogens attacking roots of containerized conifer seedlings in Swedish nurseries. Special emphasis is put on the rhizospheric fungus Cylindrocarpon destructcms and its biology. The predisposing effect of stress is discussed, as well as the protective effect from soil microflora and mycorrhiza. Practical advice is given.
Infection strategy of Hymenochaete tabacina
Authors: Stenlid J. , Holmer Lillian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe infection courts of Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow. ex Fr.) Lév. were studied in stands of Corylus avellana and on stems of Sorbus aucuparia and Syringa vulgaris. The fungus was able to spread through tight contacts between stems that were bound together by fungal tissue. H. tabacina could spread from a dead to a living stem within and between different stools of hazel and from one tree species to another.
Hypoxylon mammatum and its toxins‐recent advances in understanding their relationships with canker disease of poplar
Authors: Pinon J. , Manion P.D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPresent knowledge relative to Hypoxylon mammatum toxins is reviewed: bioassays methods for toxin detection, in vitro secretion, urification and identification and the relationships between toxins, pathogenicity and host resistance, assessed.
Variation in foliage resin composition within the Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) species complex and its relation to canker diseases1
Authors: Schiller G. , Madar Z. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe foliage resin composition of Cupressus sempervirens var. pyramidalis showed significant differences between healthy trees and trees infested with Diplodia pinea f. sp. cupressi and/or Seiridium cardinale. However, no relationship was found between the resin composition and the specific pathogen.
Laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of antiblue and biocide in the control of sapstain and mould fungi on Pinus elliottii
Authors: Masuka A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResults of a test on the effects of Antiblue and Biocide at various concentrations and times of immersion on the growth sapstain and mould fungi are presented. Antiblue (active ingredient, sodium pentachlorophenate) was the better chemical providing complete control at the lowest concentration of 1.5%. Biocide, a chlorinated derivative and local substitute for Antiblue, pro‐vided 55% control at 4 and 8% concentrations and 74% control at the highest concentration of 12%. The time of immersion did not have a significant effect on the incidence of stain and mould.