bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acids of citrus seed meal
Authors: Braddock R. J. , Kesterson J. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDefatted seed meal from oranges and grapefruit contained more sulfur amino acids but less lysine than some common oilseed proteins. Grapefruit seed meal had less tryptophan and more sulfur amino acids than orange seed meal. Probable annual yields of Florida citrus seed oil, meal and hulls are 17, 23 and 13 million lb, respectively.
Surface activity of glycerol glycoside palmitates
Authors: Feuge R. O. , Brown Mona , White J. L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA glycoside ester product was prepared by the transglycosylation of starch and glycerol, which yielded a mixture of 2,3‐dihydroxypropyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside and other glycerol glycosides, followed by interesterification of the crude glycerol glycosides with a mixture of mono‐, di‐ and tripalmitin. The purified reaction product, consisting of ca. 77% glycerol glycoside palmitates, 14% palmitins and 9% free palmitic acid, was found to be extremely effective in lowering the interfacial tension between cottonseed oil and water—a 0.04% concentration in the oil phase lowering the interfacial tension to 1.3 dynes/cm.
Selective hydrogenation with copper catalysts: I. Isolation and identification of isomers formed during hydrogenation of linolenate
Authors: Koritala Sambasivarao , Scholfield C. R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMethyl linolenate was hydrogenated with 10% copper chromite catalyst at 150 C and atmospheric hydrogen pressure. The product was separated into monoene, diene and triene fractions by countercurrent distribution. These fractions were further separated into various geometrical isomers. The double bond location in the various fractions was determined by reductive ozonolysis. Double bonds in bothcis andtrans monoene fractions, as well as incis,trans andtrans,trans conjugated dienes, were extensively isomerized. A monoene containing vinylic unsaturation was one of the major products. The nonconjugated dienes were mostly dienes whose double bonds were widely separated. Results are explained on the basis of conjugation of the double bonds in linolenate followed by hydrogen addition.
Selective hydrogenation with copper catalysts: II. Kinetics
Authors: Koritala Sambasivarao , Butterfield R. O. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo explain the unusually high selectivity of copper catalysts toward linolenate, model compounds were hydrogenated (150 C and atmospheric pressure) and the reaction products analyzed. Products varied depending upon location of the double bonds. Monoenes were not reduced by copper chromite except when the double bond was next to a carboxyl group. Dienes with isolated double bonds also were not reduced. Binary mixtures of model compounds were hydrogenated with copper chromite. From the composition of the initial and final products, a competitive rate ratio of the two compounds was determined. Esters with conjugated double bonds reacted faster than esters containing methylene interrupted double bonds. Kinetic data on the hydrogenation of linolenate indicated conjugation of the double bonds. Simulation of the kinetic data gave competitive reaction rates for the different isomers formed.
Monohydroxylation of unsaturated oils: III. Use of halogen intermediates
Authors: Venkateswara Rao G. , Subbarao R. , Achaya K. T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHydroxylation of safflower and linseed oils by routes involving halogen compounds is described. A product containing 20.5% Br was obtained by treatment of safflower oil in CCl4 solution with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in presence of benzoyl peroxide and UV illumination. Bromine was totally removed using Ag2O in 50% dioxan; the resulting hydroxyl value (HV) was only 100, against an expected HV of 180, perhaps because of dehydration and ether formation. Using other silver salts, bromine replacement with hydroxyl was always incomplete. Such residual bromine was totally replaced by hydrogen, without altering other characteristics, by treatment of the product with zinc amalgam in acetic acid. Linseed oil by similar NBS bromination (Br 22.2%) and Ag2O treatment gave a product with Br 2.9%, HV 74, conj. diene 15% and conj. triene 4%. Halogenreplacement difficulties also attended the hydrobromination of these oils at the double bonds, followed by hydroxylation. Addition of hypochlorous or hypobromous acid to safflower oil, followed by total replacement of halogen with hydrogen using zinc amalgam, yielded products of HV 75 and 83 respectively. The degree of hydroxylation was only half of that expected from the loss of unsaturation.
Quantitative measure of geometrical isomerization during the partial hydrogenation of triglyceride oils
Authors: Albright Lyle F. , Allen Robert R. , Moore M. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA mathematical model has been developed using a digital computer for the calculation of the isomerization index for partially hydrogenated oils such as cottonseed, soybean, peanut or corn oil. The isomerization index is defined as the ratio of the rate of geometrical isomerization of an unsaturated group to the rate of hydrogenation. Isomerization indices from about 0.3 to 11 were found to occur for hydrogenations using commercial nickel catalysts. Calculation of both an isomerization index and a selectivity ratio will be useful methods of quantitatively characterizing the partial hydrogenation of triglyceride oils or the type of hydrogenation which can be obtained by various catalysts.
Optical activity of lactones from animal and vegetable fats
Authors: Van Der Ven B. , De Jong K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe isolation of optically active lactones from animal and vegetable fats is described. As the optical activity of lactones isolated from butterfat is ascribed to their biological origin, special attention was paid to the optical purity of the lactones. Lactone mixtures from butterfat, goat milk fat and coconut oil were found to be dextrorotatory, those from babassu oil levorotatory. The total lactone mixtures of two out of three samples of palm‐kernel oil were slightly dextro‐, whereas that of the third one was levorotatory. After isolation of the individual lactones from the mixtures, levo‐ and dextrorotatory lactones were demonstrated side by side in palm‐kernel oil and in coconut oil. The δ‐lactones of palmkernel oil were levo‐, the γ‐isomers dextrorotatory. In coconut oil only the δ‐C12 lactone was levorotatory, whereas the other components of the δ‐series were dextrorotatory. The specific rotation [a]d of the chemically pure lactones was considerably lower than that of model lactones, this being an indication of their optical impurity. As it was evident from model experiments that no racemization of the lactones occurred during isolation, it follows that both optical antipodes are formed in the fats in unequal amounts, via different pathways.
Membrane Fatty Acids as Pacemakers of Animal Metabolism
Authors: Hulbert A. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe recent discovery that the fatty acid composition of tissue phospholipids varies in a systematic manner among species has lead to the proposal that membrane fatty acid composition is an important determinant of the metabolic rate characteristic for each species. Endotherms (mammals and birds) have a basal metabolic rate (BMR) that is several times that of ectotherms and have more polyunsaturated membranes. In both birds and mammals, as species size increases there is a decrease in mass‐specific BMR and a decrease in membrane polyunsaturation. Membrane‐associated processes are significant components of BMR and important membrane proteins operate at much faster rates in species with high BMR than in those with low BMR. A series of “species‐crossover” experiments show that the rate of this molecular activity is largely due to the nature of the membrane bilayer surrounding these membrane proteins such that polyunsaturated membranes are associated with fast membrane‐associated processes. It is suggested that this influence is due to the physical properties that such polyunsaturated membranes possess. This has been called the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism and provides a framework to understand factors such as the influence of diet on metabolism. It is noted that in the rat membrane fatty acid composition is a regulated parameter being more influenced by the balance between n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturates in the diet than it is by general diet content of saturated, monounsaturated and total polyunsaturated fats.
Apoptotic effect of Semecarpus anacardium nut extract on T47D breast cancer cell line
Authors: Mathivadhani Panneerselvam , Shanthi Palanivelu , Sachdanandam Panchanatham 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in identifying potent cancer‐preventive and therapeutic agents against breast cancer. A great number of reports have in recent years dealt with anticancer characteristics of Semecarpus anacardium nut extract (SA). The majority of these studies has been targeted on the protective effect rendered to the living system rather than the preventive effect on cancer cells. SA was tested for its inhibitory effect on human breast cancer cells (T47D). Cytotoxicity analyses suggested that these cells had become apoptotic. SA was discovered to induce rapid Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores of T47D cell line, and its cytotoxicity against T47D was well correlated with altered mitochondrial transmembrane potential. At the molecular level, these changes are accompanied by decrease in bcl2 and increase in bax, cytochrome c, caspases and PARP cleavage, and ultimately by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Taken together, our results provide unprecedented evidence that SA triggers apoptotic signals in T47D cells.
A high molecular weight soluble fraction of tempeh protects against fluid losses in Escherichia coli-infected piglet small intestine
Authors: Kiers Jeroen L. , Nout M. J. Rob , Rombouts Frans M , Nabuurs Marius J. A. , van der Meulen Jan 
Published: April 2007

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhoea in children and piglets. Infection of ETEC results in fluid secretion and electrolyte losses in the small intestine. In this study the effects of tempeh, a traditional fungal fermented soyabean product, on fluid losses induced by ETEC infection in piglets was investigated. Pairs of ETEC-infected and non-infected small intestinal segments of piglets were perfused simultaneously for 8 h with pre-digested tempeh, its supernatant and saline as an internal control. In saline perfused segments, ETEC infection reduced net fluid absorption by more than 500 μl/cm2, whereas this reduction was significantly less for pre-digested tempeh and its supernatant (75 and 282 μl/cm2, respectively). The supernatant of pre-digested tempeh was also compared with its permeate and retentate fractions. These fractions were created by ultra-filtration and contained respectively low and high molecular weight (>5 kDa) compounds. Again ETEC infection caused a significant reduction of net fluid absorption when perfused with saline (386 μl/cm2) and also with the permeate fraction (300 μl/cm2), but much less with the supernatant and the retentate fraction (125 and 140 μl/cm2, respectively). The reduction in net fluid absorption upon ETEC infection when perfused with supernatant of either undigested or pre-digested tempeh was not different. Therefore from this study it can be concluded that a high molecular weight soluble fraction of tempeh is able to protect against fluid losses induced by ETEC, suggesting that this could play a potential role in controlling ETEC-induced diarrhoea.
t.A.T.u. You! Russia, the global politics of Eurovision, and lesbian pop
Authors: HELLER DANA 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe author argues that the success of the Russian pop duo, t.A.T.u., and in particular their participation in the 2003 Eurovision Song Contest, is revealing of the multiple and contradictory ways in which Russia is currently engaging with concepts of the national and the international. Specifically, the essay considers t.A.T.u.’s performance of faux-lesbian pop eroticism as a productive flashpoint of East-West misreading and failed translation that might account for the pop duo’s very different reception in Russia and the West. The controversies and inconsistencies that have followed t.A.T.u are located in the larger context of ongoing debates over the redefinition of post-Soviet Russian national identity and Russia’s emerging role on the global pop cultural stage. From this perspective, it is argued, the t.A.T.u. phenomenon interfaces with aspects of both post-Soviet and international youth cultures, shifts in Russian attitudes toward gender, sexuality, and identity politics, and the contradictory commodification and transnational circulation of distinctive ‘European’ identities that is Eurovision’s stock and trade. Thus, a secondary question addressed by the author concerns the value of Eurovision itself as a subject suitable for serious scholarly engagement.
Inventing recorded music: the recorded repertoire in Scandinavia 1899–1925
Authors: GRONOW PEKKA , ENGLUND BJÖRN 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe first Scandinavian records appeared in 1899. By 1925, over 27,000 sides had been made in the region, and recordings had become an established part of musical life. Half of the recordings were made by the Gramophone Company, the market leader, but there were at least a dozen competing firms. The companies had to find out by trial and error what types of music would be attractive to customers. Early recording artists were mostly well-known personalities from opera, theatre or music halls, and their repertoire had already been tried on the stage.Most Scandinavian records were pressed in Germany or the United Kingdom, and the companies also promoted their international repertoire in the region, but customers preferred local artists. A hundred years ago, opera singers were the only internationally known recording artists. Popular music was tied to local languages and traditions, and a demand for imported popular music only emerged after World War One, with the growing popularity of modern dance music.
Expression of SRG3, a chromatin-remodelling factor, in the mouse oocyte and early preimplantation embryos
Authors: Sun F. , Tang F. , Yan A Y. , Fang H. Y. , Sheng H. Z. 
Published: April 2007

SummarySRG3 (Smarcc1) is a core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex. In the absence of SRG3, embryonic development ceases during peri-implantation stages, indicating that SRG3, as well as the chromatin-remodelling process, plays an essential role in early mouse development. To gain a better understanding of chromatin remodelling during the early stages of development, we examined SRG3 expression during oogenesis and preimplantation stages using immunofluorescence and western blot assays. SRG3 was detected in nuclei of oocytes during growth and maturation. Following fertilization, SRG3 was detected in pronuclei shortly after their formation. Nuclear concentrations of SRG3 increased in a time-dependent fashion and were found to be greater in the male pronucleus than in the female pronucleus. The increase in nuclear SRG3 was partially inhibited by a protein synthesis inhibitor, but not by a transcriptional inhibitor. Expression of SRG3 is accompanied by expression of Brg1 and Ini1, two other core subunits of the SWI/SNF complex. The expression of these three remodelling factors parallels that of SP1 and TBP, both spatially and temporally, in the mouse embryo, suggesting a role for remodelling factors in chromatin structure and function during early development.
Essential role of follicle stimulating hormone in the maintenance of caprine preantral follicle viability in vitro
Authors: Matos M.H.T. , Lima-Verde I.B. , Luque M.C.A. , Maia Jr J.E. , Silva J.R.V. , Celestino J.J.H. , Martins F.S. , Báo S.N. , Lucci C.M. , Figueiredo J.R. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on survival, activation and growth of caprine primordial follicles using histological and ultrastructural studies. Pieces of caprine ovarian cortex were cultured for 1 or 7 days in minimum essential medium (MEM – control medium) supplemented with different concentrations of FSH (0, 10, 50 or 100 ng/ml). Small fragments from non-cultured ovarian tissue and from those cultured for 1 or 7 days in a specific medium were processed for classical histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, effects of FSH on oocyte and follicle diameter of cultured follicles were evaluated. The results showed that the lowest percentage of normal follicles was observed after 7 days of culture in control medium. After 1 day of culture, a higher percentage of growing follicles was observed in the medium supplemented with 50 ng/ml of FSH. In the presence of 10 and 50 ng/ml of FSH, an increase in diameter of both oocyte and follicle on day 7 of culture was observed. TEM showed ultrastructural integrity of follicles after 1 day of culture in MEM and after 7 days in MEM plus 50 ng/ml FSH, but did not confirm the integrity of those follicles cultured for 7 days in MEM. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that FSH at concentration of 50 ng/ml not only maintains the morphological integrity of 7 days cultured caprine preantral follicles, but also stimulate the activation of primordial follicles and the growth of activated follicles.
Effect of dehydroleucodine on meiosis reinitiation inBufo arenarumdenuded oocytes
Authors: Sánchez Toranzo G. , Giordano O.S. , López L.A. , Bühler M.I. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryIn amphibian oocytes meiosis, the transition from G2to M phase is regulated by the maturation promoting factor (MPF), a complex of the cyclin-dependent kinase p34/cdc2 and cyclin B. In immature oocytes there is an inactive complex (pre-MPF), in which cdc2 is phosphorylated on both Thr-161 and Thr-14/Tyr-15 residues. The dephosphorylation of Thr-14/Tyr-15 is necessary for the start of MPF activation and it is induced by the activation of cdc25 phosphatase. Late, to complete the activation, a small amount of active MPF induces an auto-amplification loop of MPF stimulation (MPF amplification). Dehydroleucodine (DhL) is a sesquiterpenic lactone that inhibits mammalian cell proliferation in G2. We asked whether DhL interferes with MPF activation. For this question, the effect of DhL (up to 30 μM) on the resumption of meiosis was evaluated, and visualized by germinal vesicle break down (GVBD), ofBufo arenarumoocytes inducedin vitroby either: (i) removing follicle cells; (ii) progesterone stimulation; (iii) VG-content injection; or (iv) injection of mature cytoplasm. The results show that DhL induced GVBD inhibition, in a dose-dependent manner, in spontaneous and progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. Nevertheless, DhL at the doses assayed had no effect on GVBD induced by mature cytoplasm injection, but exerted an inhibitory effect on GVBD induced by GV content. On the basis of these results, we interpreted that DhL does not inhibit MPF amplification and that the target of DhL is any event in the early stages of the cdc25 activation cascade.
CTX-BLAST: context sensitive version of protein BLAST
Authors: Gambin Anna , Wojtalewicz Piotr 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Summary: We present a software tool CTX-BLAST that incorporates contextual alignment model into the popular protein BLAST program. Our alignment tool allows us to investigate the effect of context-dependency in the protein alignment much more efficient than using previous dynamic algorithms. The software makes use of non-symmetric contextual substitution tables and calculates the statistical significance of a given alignment according to the contextual statistical model.
Availability: CTX-BLAST is an open source software freely available from www.sourceforge.net/projects/CTX-BLAST. A program for statistical estimation of E-value parameters and the contextual substitution table CTX-BLOSUM62 are also provided.
Contact: aniag@mimuw.edu.pl
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mapping the genetic architecture of complex traits in experimental populations
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhu Jun , Williams Robert W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSummary: Understanding how interactions among set of genes affect diverse phenotypes is having a greater impact on biomedical research, agriculture and evolutionary biology. Mapping and characterizing the isolated effects of single quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a first step, but we also need to assemble networks of QTLs and define non-additive interactions (epistasis) together with a host of potential environmental modulators. In this article, we present a full-QTL model with which to explore the genetic architecture of complex trait in multiple environments. Our model includes the effects of multiple QTLs, epistasis, QTL-by-environment interactions and epistasis-by-environment interactions. A new mapping strategy, including marker interval selection, detection of marker interval interactions and genome scans, is used to evaluate putative locations of multiple QTLs and their interactions. All the mapping procedures are performed in the framework of mixed linear model that are flexible to model environmental factors regardless of fix or random effects being assumed. An F-statistic based on Henderson method III is used for hypothesis tests. This method is less computationally greedy than corresponding likelihood ratio test. In each of the mapping procedures, permutation testing is exploited to control for genome-wide false positive rate, and model selection is used to reduce ghost peaks in F-statistic profile. Parameters of the full-QTL model are estimated using a Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling. Monte Carlo simulations help define the reliability and efficiency of the method. Two real-world phenotypes (BXD mouse olfactory bulb weight data and rice yield data) are used as exemplars to demonstrate our methods.Availability: A software package is freely available at http://ibi.zju.edu.cn/software/qtlnetworkContact: jzhu@zju.edu.cnSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Management of Facial Nerve Schwannoma in Patients With Favorable Facial Function
Authors: Lee Jong Dae , Kim Sung Huhn , Song Mee Hyun , Lee Ho‐Ki , Lee Won‐Sang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: We report six cases of facial nerve schwannomas in which surgical management allowed the preservation of facial nerve function. Specifically, this paper reports that a stripping surgery may provide favorable functional outcomes.Study Design: A retrospective review of preoperative and postoperative data for six patients with facial nerve schwannoma that had normal facial nerve function or a House‐Brackmann grade II facial palsy before the surgery.Methods: Stripping surgery, which removed the schwannoma from the remaining nerve fascicle, was attempted on the six patients. Postoperative facial nerve function and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) were evaluated.Results: Stripping surgery with gross total tumor removal of the mass was performed in four cases. In the two remaining cases, the stripping surgery was not possible, and decompression alone was performed. Favorable preservation of facial function was achieved in all six cases.Conclusion: It was possible to preserve facial function after surgery to remove facial nerve schwannoma. We suggest that stripping surgery, focused on the preservation of continuity of the facial nerve, may be attempted for facial nerve schwannoma in which favorable facial function has been preserved.