bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of New Nitrogen-Bridged Heterocycles. 36. Synthesis and Reaction of Dimethyl 4-Thia-1-azatetracyclo[5.4.0.05,11.06,8]undeca-2,9-diene-5,6-dicarboxylate Derivatives
Authors: Kakehi Akikazu , Ito Suketaka , Mitani Michiharu , Kanaoka Masamichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title compounds, dimethyl 4-thia-1-azatetracyclo[5.4.0.05,11.06,8]undeca-2,9-diene-5,6-dicarboxylates, were prepared in low to moderate yields by the reactions of various 1-pyridinio[(thiocarbonyl)methylide]s and 3-(1-pyridinio)thiophene-2-thiolates with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in chloroform or benzene at room temperature or at the elevated temperature. Some compounds could also be obtained by heating the corresponding dimethyl 10aH-pyrido[1,2-d][1,4]thiazepine-1,2-dicarboxylates once separated from the reaction of pyridinium ylides with the same reagent. These 4-thia-1-azatetracyclo[5.4.0.05,11.06,8]undeca-2,9-diene derivatives were smoothly thermolyzed in xylene at the reflux temperature to afford dimethyl phthalate and the corresponding thiazole derivatives in good yields. The structures of these 4-thia-1-azatetracyclo[5.4.0.05,11.06,8]undeca-2,9-dienes were mainly identified by their physical and spectral inspections together with mechanistic considerations, and confirmed finally by the X-ray analyses of two compounds.
Facile Preparation of 1,6-Anhydro-2-azido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose and Its 4-O-Substituted Derivatives
Authors: Sakairi Nobuo , Takahashi Shunya , Wang Feng , Ueno Yoshihito , Kuzuhara Hiroyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of 1,6-anhydro-2,3-O-endo-benzylidene-β-d-mannopyranose derivatives with trimethylamine–borane (1/1)–aluminium chloride resulted in highly regioselective fission of the cyclic acetals to give the corresponding 2-O-unprotected-3-O-benzyl derivatives. Trifluoromethanesulfonylation of these, followed by nucleophilic substitution, afforded 2-azido-2-deoxy derivatives in good yields.
POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE
Authors: Masaki Kosaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The potentiometric titrations of potassium and sodium ferrocyanide with mercuric chloride, nickel sulphate and cobaltous sulphate by using platinum electrode as an indicator electrode were studied at 25°C.
(2) From the above titration we found that the reactions take place as follows. 2Hg^+++Fe(CN)_6^-— &=Hg_2Fe(CN)_6
2Ni^+++Fe(CN)_6^-— &=Ni_2Fe(CN)_6
2Co^+++Fe(CN)_6^-— &=Co_2Fe(CN)_6
(3) Also the potentiometric titrations were compared with potassium and sodium ferrocyanides by ferric chloride and silver nitrate solution at the same condition or different conditions, and a very good agreement was found with each other.
(4) In this titration we found that the reaction takes place as reported already by Niemz(1) at the case of silver and in other case as follows: & 4Ag^++Fe(CN)_6^-—=Ag_4Fe(CN)_6
& 4Fg^++++3Fe(CN)_6^-—=Fe_4[Fe(CN)_6]_3
DISPERSITY OF CATALYST AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Yoshikawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. In the study of the hydrogenation of acetylene in presence of nickel and palladium catalysts distributed on kieselguhr, it was observed that markedly selective action of catalysts was produced by the variation of the dispersity of the catalytic agents on kieselguhr. The phenomenon which was met with, suggests a possible mechanism of one case of promoter and carrier actions and on the other hand, a method of hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene.
2. With regard to the simple hydrogenation process, in presence of a metallic catalyst, inert irreducible oxides being employed as the promoter and as the carrier, stimulation and restriction of the catalytic activity can be explained on the basis of the assumed co-activation of active centres on the catalytic surface by the heat of reaction.
3. Acetylene was readily hydrogenated to ethylene by the employment of the palladium-kieselguhr catalysts of proper dispersity. With equal volumes of acetylene and hydrogen, the product containing more than 90 per cent, ethylene, was obtained.
BOILING POINT CURVES OF THE BINARY SYSTEMS, TiCl4-CCl4, TiCl4-SiCl4 and TiCl4-SnCl4
Authors: Nasu Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Boiling point curves of these binary mixtures have been determined by a newly designed apparatus which serves well in the treatment of such fuming liquids as these chlorides. The analytical method of these mixtures have also been contrived in such a manner that it can be prevented decomposition of titanium tetrachloride by the use of ethyl ether as a defending material from fuming.
BEHAVIOUR OF THE SURFACE OF THE SOLUTION OF ELECTROLYTE AGAINST ELECTRONIC IMPACTS
Authors: Yamaguchi Yohei , Shiba Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The glow-discharge between the metallic cathode and the surface of the solution was examined, and it was found that the products were mostly hydroxides or oxides of the cations in the solution. From the coulomb-efficiencies of their formations and the products obtained by the glow-electrolyses with the solutions covered with oil, it was concluded that the decomposition of water molecules should occur at the surface of the solution and it should be caused by the impacts of the electrons or other particles having enough energies to dissociate the water molecules.
(2) A characteristic phenomenon by the transportation of the negative electricity through the boundary of the gas and the solution was studied and it was deduced that the dissociation should be caused by the accelerated electrons having the kinetic energy of 23.8 e.v..
Further, the process of the dissociation was proposed, and the energy required for this dissociation was calculated as 23.1 e.v..
HETEROGENEOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE SILENT ELECTRIC DISCHARGE. VII
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical reactions in the silent electric discharge were studied when hydrogen reacts on the following inorganic solid substances. (1) Lithium nitrate. Reaction products:—lithium hydroxide, nitrite, ammonia and nitrogen peroxide.
(2) Beryllium nitrate. Reaction products:—beryllium hydroxide, ammonium salt, nitrite, nitrogen peroxide and nitric oxide.
(3) Mercuric nitrate. Reaction products:—mercury oxide, mercurous salt, ammonium salt, nitrite and nitrogen peroxide.
(4) Mercurous nitrate. Reaction products:—mercury oxide, metallic mercury, ammonium salt, nitrite, nitrogen peroxide and nitric oxide.
(5) Lead nitrate. Reaction products:—lead hydroxide, ammonium salt, nitrite, (metallic lead), nitrogen peroxide and ammonia.
(6) Bismuth nitrate. Reaction products:–bismuth hydroxide, ammonium salt, nitrite, (metallic bismuth), nitrogen peroxide and nitric oxide.
(7) Aluminium nitrate. Reaction products:—aluminium oxide, ammonium salt, nitrite and nitrogen peroxide.
(8) Ammonium nitrate. Reaction products:—nitrite, ammonia and nitrogen peroxide.
STUDIES OF THE RAMAN EFFECT OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. PART III. RAMAN EFFECT OF α-MONO-DERIVATIVES OF FURAN
Authors: Matsuno Kichimatsu , Han Kwan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The Raman spectra of the following substances have been measured: α-methyl-furan, α-furfuryl alcohol, α-furfuryl acetate, furfural, α-furoyl chloride, methyl α-furoate, ethyl α-furoate, α-furfuracrylic acid, ethyl α-furfuracrylate, and tetrahydro-α-furfuryl alcohol.
(2) The frequencies of Δν, 625 (or 650), 888, 925, 1021, 1081, 1153, 1232, 1390, 1460 (or 1480), 1507, 1575 (or 1605), 3122, 3153cm.−1,are observed as the characteristic lines of the α-mono-derivatives of furan.
(3) The frequencies of Δν, 1460 (or 1480) and 1572 cm.−1, are observed in the type of (Remark: Graphics omitted.), while those of 1507 and 1605 cm.−1 in the type of (Remark: Graphics omitted.).
(4) It is shown that the investigation supports the formula with double bonds in the case of α-mono-derivatives of furan.
Modeling Extent and Distribution of Zygotic Disequilibrium: Implications for a Multigenerational Canine Pedigree
Authors: Liu Tian , Todhunter Rory J , Lu Qing , Schoettinger Lindsay , Li Hongying , Littell Ramon C , Burton-Wurster Nancy , Acland Gregory M , Lust George , Wu Rongling 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Unlike gametic linkage disequilibrium defined for a random-mating population, zygotic disequilibrium describes the nonrandom association between different loci in a nonequilibrium population that deviates from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Zygotic disequilibrium specifies five different types of disequilibria simultaneously that are (1) Hardy–Weinberg disequilibria at each locus, (2) gametic disequilibrium (including two alleles in the same gamete, each from a different locus), (3) nongametic disequilibrium (including two alleles in different gametes, each from a different locus), (4) trigenic disequilibrium (including a zygote at one locus and an allele at the other), and (5) quadrigenic disequilibrium (including two zygotes each from a different locus). However, because of the uncertainty on the phase of the double heterozygote, gametic and nongametic disequilibria need to be combined into a composite digenic disequilibrium and further define a composite quadrigenic disequilibrium together with the quadrigenic disequilibrium. To investigate the extent and distribution of zygotic disequilibrium across the canine genome, a total of 148 dogs were genotyped at 247 microsatellite markers located on 39 pairs of chromosomes for an outbred multigenerational pedigree, initiated with a limited number of unrelated founders. A major portion of zygotic disequilibrium was contributed by the composite digenic and quadrigenic disequilibrium whose values and numbers of significant marker pairs are both greater than those of trigenic disequilibrium. All types of disequilibrium are extensive in the canine genome, although their values tend to decrease with extended map distances, but with a greater slope for trigenic disequilibrium than for the other types of disequilibrium. Considerable variation in the pattern of disequilibrium reduction was observed among different chromosomes. The results from this study provide scientific guidance about the determination of the number of markers used for whole-genome association studies.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Mental Health Outcomes
Authors: Daníelsdóttir Hilda Björk , Aspelund Thor , Shen Qing , Halldorsdottir Thorhildur , Jakobsdóttir Jóhanna , Song Huan , Lu Donghao , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Larsson Henrik , Fall Katja , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Fang Fang , Bergstedt Jacob , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur Anna 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceExposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) has consistently been associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes extending into adulthood. However, given that ACEs and psychiatric disorders cluster within families, it remains to be comprehensively assessed to what extent familial confounding contributes to associations between ACEs and clinically confirmed adult psychiatric disorders.ObjectiveTo investigate whether associations between ACEs and adult mental health outcomes remain after adjusting for familial (genetic and environmental) confounding.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis Swedish twin cohort study used a discordant twin pair design based on monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. A total of 25 252 adult twins (aged 18-47 years) from the Swedish Twin Registry born between 1959 and 1998 were followed up from age 19 years until 2016, with a maximum follow-up time of 39 years. Data were analyzed from April 2022 to November 2023.ExposuresA total of 7 ACEs, including family violence, emotional abuse or neglect, physical neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, rape, and hate crime, were assessed with items from the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised in a web-based survey.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAdult (ages &amp;gt;18 years) clinical diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (ie, depressive, anxiety, alcohol or drug misuse, or stress-related disorders) were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register.ResultsOf 25 252 twins included in the study (15 038 female [59.6%]; mean [SD] age at ACE assessment, 29.9 [8.7] years), 9751 individuals (38.6%) reported exposure to at least 1 ACE. A greater number of ACEs was associated with increased odds of any psychiatric disorder in the full cohort (odds ratio [OR] per additional ACE, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.48-1.57). The association remained but ORs per additional ACE were attenuated in DZ (1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and MZ (1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.40) twin pairs. Individuals who were exposed to sexual abuse compared with those who were not exposed had increased odds of any clinically confirmed psychiatric disorder in all comparisons: full cohort (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 2.68-3.56), DZ twin pairs (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.33-3.32), and MZ twin pairs (1.80; 95% CI, 1.04-3.11).Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that associations between ACEs and adult mental health outcomes remained after controlling for shared genetic and environmental factors, which was particularly evident after multiple ACEs or sexual abuse. These findings suggest that targeted interventions may be associated with reduced risks of future psychopathology.
Detailed kinship estimation for detecting bias among breeding families in a reintroduced population of the endangered bagrid catfish Tachysurus ichikawai
Authors: Mizuno Hinano , Nakayama Kouji , Akita Tetsuya , Hashiguchi Yasuyuki , Osugi Tomonori , Takeshima Hirohiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the context of initiatives focused on captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered animal species, it is crucial to minimize any bias in reproductive success during the reintroduction phase in order to preserve genetic diversity. One population of Tachysurus ichikawai, a critically endangered bagrid catfish endemic to Japan, faces a threat from the construction of a dam. To address this, a captive breeding program followed by translocation is being implemented. Multiple breeding families are involved in this process; however, if there is a bias in reproductive success among them after release, it will result in a decline in genetic diversity. To ascertain potential biases of reproductive success among released individuals, we attempted to identify the familial lineage of individuals born at the release site. Due to the unavailability of samples from the released individuals themselves, we reconstructed the pedigree of three generations using distant kinship relationships, such as grandparent–grandchild and uncle–aunt–nephew–niece relationships, with data of 2230–5674 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from whole genome re‐sequence, and three different software. Our findings indicate no bias between lineages in the first year after reintroduction, but a significant bias in the second year, emphasizing the need for continuous management and monitoring of reintroduced populations. This study demonstrates that monitoring kinship after reintroduction can correct lineage bias, which is critical for the prompt restoration of genetic diversity.
Writing SMART objectives for natural resource and environmental management
Authors: Aldridge Caleb A. , Colvin Michael E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In natural resource and environmental management, well‐written objectives are critical for effective decision‐making and the achievement of desired outcomes. This article aims to improve practitioners' ability to identify and write SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time‐bound) objectives for natural resource and environmental management.

We differentiate between research and management objectives, define each SMART criterion, and introduce a template to help write management objectives. We demonstrate the use of the SMART management objectives template with a hypothetical example and two recent applications.

The template simplifies the process of writing SMART management objectives. It is applicable to popular management frameworks like management by objectives and structured decision making.

The implementation of SMART criteria and the provided template can lead to better outcomes in natural resource and environmental management, benefiting current and future generations.
Hoyosella
Authors: Valme Jurado , Luis Gonzalez‐Pimentel Jose , Delphine Mouniée , Veronica Rodriguez‐Nava 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Ho.yo.sel'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Hoyosella,
named in honor of Dr. Manuel Hoyos, a pioneer in the research towards the protection of Altamira Cave paintings.

Actinomycetota / Actinomycetia / Mycobacteriales / Mycobacteriaceae / Hoyosella

The genus
Hoyosella
accommodates halotolerant bacteria with a tolerance up to 10% (w/v) NaCl, but no growth is observed with 11% (w/v) NaCl. Optimal growth at 28–30°C. Oxidase negative, catalase positive, and naphthol‐AS‐BI‐phosphohydrolase positive. Cells are aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive, and slightly acid‐alcohol‐fast. Nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming, and spherical cells of 0.7–1.2 μm in diameter that occur in pairs, tetrads, or small clumps. The major fatty acids are C
16:0
and C
17:1
ω8
c
. Short‐chain mycolic acids (28–38 according to the species) are present. The known habitats are cave walls and ceilings, rhizosphere soils, saline soils contaminated by crude oil, and rhizosphere soils of halophytes plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.4–68.6.

Type species
:
Hoyosella altamirensis
Jurado et al. 2009
VP
, emend. Hamada et al. 2016.
Color/Spectral Stability of Mixed Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhang Congyang , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStructuring metal halide perovskites with mixed halide anions is a promising strategy for attaining the desired bandgap and emission color for technological applications such as electroluminescent (EL) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and ultrahigh‐definition displays. However, these mixed halide perovskites suffer from severe EL spectral stability issues. During device operation, homogeneously mixed halide perovskite phases are prone to form halide‐segregated domain phases with spatially inhomogeneous bandgap and emission color, which hinders practical use of perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). In this review, a comprehensive survey is performed about the underlying driving forces for phase segregation, and representative strategies are discussed for the development of color/spectral stable mixed halide PeLEDs. Finally, the future directions and prospects are outlined regarding further enhancement of the color/spectral stability of mixed halide PeLEDs.
Multi‐Responsive Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials: Optical ZnCl2 Sensors and Efficient Green to Deep‐Red OLEDs
Authors: Si Changfeng , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Basumatary Biju , McKay Aidan P. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) is an emission mechanism whereby both singlet and triplet excitons can be harvested to produce light. Significant attention is devoted to developing TADF materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), while their use in other organic electronics applications such as sensors, has lagged. A family of TADF emitters, TPAPyAP, TPAPyBP, and TPAPyBPN containing a triphenylamine (TPA) donor and differing nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic pyrazine‐based acceptors is developed and systematically studied. Depending on the acceptor strength, these three compounds emit with photoluminescence maxima (λPL), of 516, 550, and 575 nm in toluene. Notably, all three compounds show a strong and selective spectral response to the presence of ZnCl2, making them the first optical TADF sensors for this analyte. It is demonstrated that these three emitters can be used in vacuum‐deposited OLEDs, which show moderate efficiencies. Of note, the device with TPAPyBPN in 2,8‐bis(diphenyl‐phoshporyl)‐dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (PPT) host emits at 657 nm and shows a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 12.5%. This electroluminescence is significantly red‐shifted yet shows comparable efficiency compared to a device fabricated in 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (CBP) host (λEL = 596 nm, EQEmax = 13.6%).
Ferroelectric BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Embedded at the p–n Heterojunction Interface Improves the Carrier Transport in Kesterite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Jiajia , Meng Rutao , Liu Yue , Mao Yang , Ao Jianping , Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe built‐in field (Ebi) is a key factor for the dynamic of carrier transport in the heterojunction interface, thus determining the photovoltaic performance of the solar cell, such as Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) cell. It is critical to improve the carriers' transport across the pn heterojunction for the fabrication of highly efficient solar cells. In this work, the large electric field of ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BTO NPs) is used to tailor the carrier transport in the CZTSSe solar cells by embedding BTO NPs into the interface of CZTSSe/CdS heterojunction. It is very surprising that a polarization electric field (EP) with the same direction of Ebi synergically enhances carrier transport greatly and increases the PCE by 20.6%. Further study on the mechanism discloses that BTO NPs reduce the work function of CZTSSe and CdS and form interfacial dipoles at their interface, which is conducive to the photogenerated electrons to be collected by the electron transport layer. This strategy also works well on other thin film solar cells and gives a new aspect of strengthening the carrier transport between p–n heterojunction.
Ultrasound Tissue Engineering Technology for Regulating Immune Microenvironment
Authors: Li Xinhe , Ding Xiaoqian , He Yi , Yi Weiwei , Zhu Ying , Han Wang , Liao Bo , Han Xiaoyu , Bai Dingqun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe immune microenvironment is critical for the occurrence, progression, and treatment of diseases. Ultrasound tissue engineering technology utilizes ultrasound and the principles of tissue engineering to repair, regenerate, and functionally reconstruct biological tissues. Ultrasound therapy is a non‐invasive treatment modality that regulates the immune microenvironment and maintains homeostasis through various characteristic effects. Ultrasound‐responsive biomaterials utilize biological properties or drug/gene delivery to regulate the immune microenvironment under ultrasound stimulation for targeted and purposeful treatment. This article comprehensively and systematically reviews advancements in ultrasound tissue engineering technology for regulating the immune microenvironment. First, the changes in the immune microenvironment at different stages of the disease is briefly illustrated. It is then reviewed the regulation of the immune microenvironment by ultrasound and ultrasound‐responsive biomaterials in five types of diseases: tumor, cardiovascular system diseases, nervous system diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and wound. Finally, the prospects of the ultrasound tissue engineering technology for regulating the immune microenvironment is summarized.