bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Use of Platelet‐Rich Plasma and Bone Grafting With or Without Guided Tissue Regeneration in the Treatment of Anterior Interproximal Defects
Authors: Yassibag‐Berkman Zeynep , Tuncer Ozen , Subasioglu Turkan , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: April 2007

Background: The aim of periodontal therapy is to prevent tissue destruction while achieving the regeneration of damaged tissues. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is used to generate new bone, periodontal ligament, and new attachment with a strategy based on the modulation and enhancement of wound healing through an autologous source for growth factors obtained from the patient's own blood. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP when used in combination with β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) alloplastic graft material and collagen barrier membrane in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects.Methods: Thirty interproximal intrabony defects in 25 systemically healthy patients were selected for the study. Defects were distributed randomly and equally into three groups: graft alone (β‐TCP), graft + PRP, and graft + PRP + membrane. The plaque index, gingival index, periodontal probing depth, relative attachment level, transgingival probing measurement, and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and repeated after 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: At the end of 12 months, relative attachment gain was 2.4, 2.1, and 2.5 mm in the three treatment groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences in clinical and radiographic measurements were observed among the groups.Conclusions: All options were effective in the treatment of anterior interproximal intrabony defects. The results also suggested that PRP added no clinical benefit to β‐TCP alloplastic graft material used alone or in combination with GTR.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Cold Therapy After Intraoral Surgical Procedures: A Literature Review
Authors: Greenstein Gary 
Published: April 2007

Background: Cryotherapy (e.g., ice pack) is prescribed commonly after oral surgery to inhibit swelling and discomfort. However, there is a dearth of data concerning various aspects of cold therapy: optimal delivery mode, best interval for application (time on/time off), and total duration of treatment to attain desired clinical outcomes.Methods: The literature was searched for clinical trials that assessed the benefits of cryotherapy after oral surgical procedures. In addition, other studies were reviewed that evaluated physiological responses to cold therapy.Results: To inhibit signs of inflammation and achieve beneficial results with cryotherapy, skin temperature (normally 33°C) needs to be reduced to 10°C to 15°C. Cold therapy usually decreased skin temperature to 10°C to 15°C within 10 to 20 minutes. Physiological studies indicated cryotherapy resulted in vasoconstriction, reduction of edema, and diminished pain perception. Various methods can be used to lower tissue temperature. Ice or gel packs are easy and efficient techniques to cool tissues. Seven studies published in English were found that addressed the use of cryotherapy after oral surgical procedures. Five investigations demonstrated no clinical benefits from cold therapy, and two studies indicated that cryotherapy reduced post‐surgical edema and pain. The time interval for cold applications varied in different studies (10 minutes to continuous for hours). There seemed to be consensus among clinicians that cryotherapy should be applied for 10 to 20 minutes followed by a rest period. The duration of therapy ranged from 2 to 72 hours. No clinical trials were conducted to determine the optimal interval of cold application (time on/off) or extended duration of cryotherapy after surgical procedures to attain the best therapeutic benefits.Conclusions: Ice applied after surgical procedures may reduce swelling and discomfort. However, data from studies regarding the benefits of ice therapy after oral surgery are inconclusive. To resolve this ambiguity, additional clinical trials need to be conducted.
Socioeconomic and Sociodemographic Variables Associated With Oral Hygiene Status in Mexican Schoolchildren Aged 6 to 12 Years
Authors: Villalobos‐Rodelo Juan J. , Medina‐Solís Carlo E. , Maupomé Gerardo , Vallejos‐Sánchez Ana A. , Lau‐Rojo Laura , de León‐Viedas Marco V. Ponce 
Published: April 2007

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables associated with oral hygiene status in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years in Navolato, Sinaloa, Mexico.Methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 3,048 schoolchildren. A questionnaire was used to determine socioeconomic and sociodemographic variables, and a clinical oral examination was carried out to establish oral hygiene status. The “plaque” component of the simplified oral hygiene index (S‐OHI) was the criterion used to determine oral hygiene status in children. Using principal component analysis, five socioeconomic factors were streamlined to one principal component to determine the individual socioeconomic level. Data were analyzed with non‐parametric tests and multivariable logistic regression.Results: The population included 1,456 boys and 1,592 girls. The mean value for S‐OHI was 1.10 ± 0.34. The largest percentage (50.8%) of the S‐OHI scores ranged between 0 and 1. In the multivariate model, younger age, male gender, and lower toothbrushing frequency (P <0.05) were associated with poor oral hygiene. Children with better socioeconomic status had better oral hygiene (P <0.05).Conclusions: Most children (∼60%) had an acceptable level of oral hygiene. Diverse variables were associated with oral hygiene in these Mexican children, highlighting a gradient distribution throughout the socioeconomic spectrum. It is necessary to implement strategies that would help to diminish the disparities observed across diverse socioeconomic groups.
Cell-Permeable Pentapeptide V5 Inhibits Apoptosis and Enhances Insulin Secretion, Allowing Experimental Single-Donor Islet Transplantation in Mice
Authors: Rivas-Carrillo Jorge D. , Soto-Gutierrez Alejandro , Navarro-Alvarez Nalu , Noguchi Hirofumi , Okitsu Teru , Chen Yong , Yuasa Takeshi , Tanaka Kimiaki , Narushima Michiki , Miki Atsushi , Misawa Haruo , Tabata Yasuhiko , Jun Hee-Sook , Matsumoto Shinichi , Fox Ira J. , Tanaka Noriaki , Kobayashi Naoya 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE—Treatment of diabetic patients by pancreatic islet transplantation often requires the use of islets from two to four donors to produce insulin independence in a single recipient. Following isolation and transplantation, islets are susceptible to apoptosis, which limits their function and probably long-term islet graft survival.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To address this issue, we examined the effect of the cell-permeable apoptosis inhibitor pentapeptide Val-Pro-Met-Leu-Lys, V5, on pancreatic islets in a mouse model.
RESULTS—V5 treatment upregulated expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) by more than 3- and 11-fold and downregulated expression of apoptosis-inducing proteins Bax, Bad, and nuclear factor-κB–p65 by 10, 30, and nearly 50%, respectively. Treatment improved the recovered islet mass following collagenase digestion and isolation by 44% and in vitro glucose-responsive insulin secretion nearly fourfold. Following transplantation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, 150 V5-treated islet equivalents functioned as well as 450 control untreated islet equivalents in normalizing blood glucose.
CONCLUSIONS—These studies indicate that inhibition of apoptosis by V5 significantly improves islet function following isolation and improves islet graft function following transplantation. Use of this reagent in clinical islet transplantation could have a dramatic impact on the number of patients that might benefit from this therapy and could affect long-term graft survival.
Carbon Nanotube Field‐Effect‐Transistor‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Allen B. L. , Kichambare P. D. , Star A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThere is an explosive interest in 1D nanostructured materials for biological sensors. Among these nanometer‐scale materials, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) offer the advantages of possible biocompatibility, size compatibility, and sensitivity towards minute electrical perturbations. In particular, because of these inherent qualities, changes in SWNT conductivity have been explored in order to study the interaction of biomolecules with SWNTs. This Review discusses these interactions, with a focus on carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors (NTFETs). Recent examples of applications of NTFET devices for detection of proteins, antibody–antigen assays, DNA hybridization, and enzymatic reactions involving glucose are summarized. Examples of complementary techniques, such as microscopy and spectroscopy, are covered as well.
Manipulation of crystal shape by cycles of growth and dissolution
Authors: Snyder Ryan C. , Studener Stephan , Doherty Michael F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA method for the manipulation of crystal shape by using cycles of growth and dissolution is presented, representing a unique process‐based solution to an important product quality concern. Using 3‐D shape evolution models for faceted crystal growth and dissolution, results are reported for cycling both an illustrative crystal system, as well as a physical plate‐like system. The results show that crystal shape can be manipulated by cycling when the relative growth and dissolution rates are anisotropic, which can be caused by differences in growth mechanism, asymmetry in super/undersaturation, and by the use of surface active additives. Since this method of crystal shape enhancement uses the existing liquid solution, it could be a valuable alternative to the traditional methods which often require changes in the chemical nature of the solution, for example, by changing solvent. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Retention of the stationary phase for high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: He Chao‐Hong , Zhao Chun‐Xia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHigh‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) is an emerging technique for preparative purification of a wide variety of solutes. Retention of the stationary phase is a crucial variable which is used for the derivation of the column efficiency, peak resolution, and solute retention. A mathematical model was proposed to describe the influences of operation conditions (flow rate, rotation speed), physical properties (density difference, viscosity, and interfacial tension), and instrument parameters (tube diameter, revolution radius) on the retention of the stationary phase, by building on the flow behavior of the two phases in the coiled column, laminar flow or droplet flow. The model parameters, together with the critical value at which the transition between the laminar flow and droplet flow occurs, were determined by the analysis of experimental data of the retention of the stationary phase measured in this work. Furthermore, the proposed model was used to predict the literature data of retention of the stationary phase for seven HSCCC apparatuses including preparative, semi‐preparative, and analytical types, with the coiled column material of PTFE and stainless steel, and for 16 two‐phase systems with 151 data points. The agreement between the predicted and the literature data is quite good with the total absolute deviation (AAD%) of 2.96% and the maximum deviation of 12.8%. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Application of L3 sponge phase in extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Hung Kun‐Chih , Chen Bing‐Hung 
Published: April 2007

AbstractApplication of L3 sponge phase as an extractant in extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solution were studied systematically at 25°C with three nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15‐S‐5, LE‐203 (C12E3), and Brij 30 (C12E4). The transition temperatures of the coexisting W + L3 phases of these surfactants could be regulated with the addition of proper salting‐out electrolytes and short‐chain alcohols. The low viscosities of these L3‐phase extractants, ranging from 10 to 40 mPa s, make it not difficult for separation of these extract‐containing L3 phases from the coexisting water (W) phases. Compared to the conventional cloud‐point extraction techniques, a relatively larger preconcentration factor with satisfactory recovery efficiency of PAHs are achieved in such L3‐phase extraction procedure. For example, a preconcentration factor as much as ca. 200 was achieved in 0.2 wt % Tergitol 15‐S‐5 solution added with 5.6 wt % NaCl. In general, a higher preconcentration factor is attained with a decrease in surfactant concentration and/or with increasing concentrations of additives employed in this work. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Non‐verbal deficits in young children with a genetic metabolic disorder: WPPSI‐III performance in cystinosis
Authors: Spilkin Amy M. , Ballantyne Angela O. , Babchuck Lynne R. , Trauner Doris A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCystinosis is a recessive genetic metabolic disorder in which the amino acid cystine accumulates in various organs of the body. Previous studies have demonstrated visuospatial dysfunction in children and adults with this disorder. It is not known whether this is a result of the genetic alteration or an accumulation of cystine in the brain over time. This study investigated patterns of performance in 20 young children with cystinosis (4–7 years) and 20 matched controls on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence‐Third Edition (WPPSI‐III). The children with cystinosis had a mean Full Scale IQ at the low end of the average range. Their overall cognitive functioning was comprised of average verbal abilities, low average non‐verbal abilities, and low average processing speed. Multivariate analyses indicated that the cystinosis and control groups were not significantly different on the verbal subtests. In contrast, the cystinosis group performed significantly more poorly than controls on the performance and processing speed subtests. Although overall intellectual function was in the normal range, young children with cystinosis demonstrated a discrepancy such that non‐verbal abilities were poorer relative to verbal abilities. This pattern resembles the cognitive profile found previously in older individuals with cystinosis and indicates that the specific cognitive profile emerges early in development. These findings suggest that the cognitive dysfunction in cystinosis is not merely the result of cystine accumulation over time but may be related to differences in brain development as a consequence of alterations or deletions of the cystinosin gene. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel CDU model for refinery planning
Authors: Li Wenkai , Hui Chi‐Wai , Karimi I. A. , Srinivasan Rajagopalan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCrude distillation unit (CDU) operations are often defined in several operating modes, which are still being used by quite a few refineries for their planning. However, these operational modes cannot reflect all the ever‐changing operating conditions of a refinery. As a result, the CDU operation condition may be sub‐optimal and potential profit may be lost. This paper proposes a CDU model to decide the weight transfer ratio (WTR) ranges of CDU fractions from the operation modes. These WTR ranges are integrated into the refinery planning model to obtain the optimal CDU operation condition. Unlike the traditional linear CDU models that often omit the optimal solutions, or the rigorous simulation models that are time consuming to solve, the proposed CDU model can be easily solved with much higher accuracy than traditional linear models and better solution speed than the rigorous simulation models. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High risk of human papillomavirus type 16 infections and of development of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Nath Rahul , Mant Christine , Luxton Jennifer , Hughes Graham , Raju K. Shanti , Shepherd Phillip , Cason John 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, abnormal cervical smears, and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsWe investigated 30 women with SLE, 67 with abnormal smears from colposcopy clinics, and 15 community subjects with normal smears. Polymerase chain reaction results for viral DNA and HPV‐16 sequencing data were correlated to cytology and colposcopic findings.ResultsSLE and colposcopy patients were more likely (P < 0.05) to be HPV positive (15 [54%] and 37 [67%] patients, respectively) and HPV‐16 DNA positive (16 [57%] and 17 [31%] patients, respectively) than community subjects (0% HPV DNA positive and 1 [6%] HPV‐16 DNA positive). SLE patients were also more likely to be HPV‐16 DNA positive than colposcopy patients (P < 0.05). SLE patients with a high HPV‐16 viral load more frequently had SIL (n = 6) than those with a low HPV‐16 viral load (n = 1; P < 0.05). HPV and HPV‐16 DNA positivity were not associated with previous or current drug therapy for SLE patients. All HPV‐16 DNA sequences from 6 SLE and 5 colposcopy patients were the European‐type variant. Eighteen (60%) SLE patients had a previous or current cervical abnormality. At the time of study, 5 (17%) SLE patients had an abnormal cervical smear and 8 (27%) had SIL. For those diagnosed with SLE for >10 years, the rate of SIL was 44% lower than those with SLE for <5 years (odds ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval 0.1–3.5).ConclusionUK women with a recent SLE diagnosis had disturbingly elevated levels of HPV infections (particularly with European HPV‐16 variants at a high viral load), abnormal cervical cytology, and SIL.
Association between African American race/ethnicity and low bone mineral density in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lee Chin , Almagor Orit , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Chadha Anurekha B. , Manzi Susan , Spies Stewart , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between race/ethnicity and bone mineral density (BMD) in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsWomen with SLE (n = 298), including 77 African Americans and 221 whites, completed this cross‐sectional study conducted from 1996 to 2002. Hip and lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Study participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire and a physician completed the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). BMD results were expressed as Z scores. Analyses were performed to identify factors, including race/ethnicity, associated with low BMD defined as a Z score −1.0 or less at the hip or lumbar spine.ResultsAfrican Americans compared with whites were younger at study visit (mean ± SD 39.7 ± 8.4 years versus 42.9 ± 11.6 years) and had higher SDI (mean ± SD 1.8 ± 2.0 versus 1.0 ± 1.6), but similar proportions of women were postmenopausal (31.2% versus 38.0%). African Americans had significantly lower mean BMD Z scores at the hip (−0.49 versus −0.07; group difference −0.41; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −0.70, −0.13) and at the lumbar spine (−1.03 versus 0.10; group difference −1.13; 95% CI −1.48, −0.78) compared with whites. African American race/ethnicity was strongly associated with low BMD at the lumbar spine (adjusted odds ratio 4.42; 95% CI 2.19, 8.91) but not at the hip, adjusting for factors associated with low BMD.ConclusionAfrican American women compared with white women with SLE had lower BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. African American race/ethnicity was associated with low BMD at the lumbar spine controlling for relevant clinical covariates.
Differences in the incidence of flares or new onset of inflammatory bowel diseases in patients with ankylosing spondylitis exposed to therapy with anti–tumor necrosis factor α agents
Authors: Braun J. , Baraliakos X. , Listing J. , Davis J. , van der Heijde D. , Haibel H. , Rudwaleit M. , Sieper J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are clinically and pathologically linked. Anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents are efficacious in treating AS, but not all are equally effective in treating IBD (Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]). The purpose our study was to analyze the incidence of flares and new onset of IBD in patients with AS treated with anti‐TNF agents.MethodsData from 9 trials, 7 placebo‐controlled trials and 2 open studies, were analyzed.ResultsData were available on 419 AS patients exposed to etanercept (625 patient‐years), 366 exposed to infliximab (618 patient‐years), 295 exposed to adalimumab (132 patient‐years), and 434 placebo patients (150 patient‐years). A history of IBD was reported in 76 of 1,130 patients (6.7%). There were 2 reports of IBD while receiving placebo (1.3 per 100 patient‐years), 1 while receiving infliximab, and 3 while receiving adalimumab. Among the 14 IBD cases receiving etanercept (2.2 per 100 patient‐years) there were 8 CD and 6 UC cases, significantly different from infliximab (P = 0.01) but not from placebo. Patients with a history of IBD had an IBD flare odds ratio of 18.0 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2–154) while taking etanercept and 4.2 (95% CI 0.4–44) while taking adalimumab, in comparison with infliximab. The incidence rates of new onset of IBD showed no significant difference between etanercept (0.8 per 100 patient‐years) and placebo (0.5 per 100 patient‐years).ConclusionNew onset and flare of IBD are infrequent events in AS patients receiving anti‐TNF therapy. Infliximab (but not etanercept) largely prevents IBD activity. More data are required for adalimumab. The incidence of new onset of IBD was statistically not different from placebo for all anti‐TNF agents.
A multiethnic, multicenter cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a model for the study of ethnic disparities in SLE
Authors: Fernández Mónica , Alarcón Graciela S. , Calvo‐alén Jaime , Andrade Rosa , McGwin Gerald , Vilá Luis M. , Reveille John D. ,   LUMINA Study Group
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine health disparities as a function of ethnicity using data from LUpus in MInorities, NAture versus nurture (LUMINA), a longitudinal study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); to build an explanatory model of how ethnic disparities occur in this setting; and to suggest appropriate interventions.MethodsLUMINA patients (meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for SLE) ages ≥16 years of African American, Hispanic (from Texas), Hispanic (from Puerto Rico), or Caucasian ethnicity were studied. In addition to examining the basic features of the cohort, we examined, by univariable and multivariable analyses, the factors associated with disease activity, damage accrual, lupus nephritis, and mortality. An empiric model based on the data presented (and the literature reviewed) was derived to explain the disparities observed.ResultsThere were substantial differences in the socioeconomic/demographic, clinical, and genetic features among patients from the different ethnic groups, with Texan Hispanic and African American patients exhibiting overall a lower socioeconomic status, different genetic associations, more serious disease at a younger age, and worse intermediate and final outcomes than the Caucasian and Puerto Rican Hispanic patients. A model of disease outcome as a function of the disparities observed was created.ConclusionEthnic disparities occur in SLE. Environmental, socioeconomic/demographic, psychosocial, genetic, and clinical factors play an important role as determinants of the ethnic differences observed. Measures aimed at eliminating these disparities are suggested while further research is conducted to elucidate the basis of these disparities and their changes at the societal level and to eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor.