bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF BATTLE CASUALTIES IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN AREA1
Authors: Button Eardley 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. The problems of evacuation and the establishment of forward surgical centres in Italy are contrasted with those in the Western Desert.2. Some principles in the treatment of the main types of battle casualties are discussed: (a) abdominal wounds, (b) chest wounds, (c) wounds of the extremities and injuries of the popliteal artery.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HIND LEGS AND PELVIS ON BLOOD COAGULATION.1
Authors: Trethewie E. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

When the hind legs and pelvis of the cat are perfused with diluted heparinized blood, the perfused fluid is more coagulable than the control.
The “prothrombin” content of the perfused samples is a little higher than in the controls.
RESECTION OF THE BLADDER NECK IN THE FEMALE, WITH REPORT OF A CASE.1
Authors: MELVILLE BERNAYS 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Contraction of the bladder neck in the female is discussed.
A case is reported in a female, a virgo Intacta, neurologically normal, of a condition causing (a) great difficulty in urination, (b) high residual urine, (c) evidence of back‐pressure in the bladder, and therefore diagnosed as a contraction of the bladder neck, completely relieved by resection of the neck of the bladder.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MYOMATA OF THE UTERUS, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MYOMECTOMY
Authors: Gleadell L. W. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The indications for surgical ti*eatmeiit of myomata of the uterus are discussed.
The scope of myomectomy is analysed.
The important details in technique are described.
A series of 66 cases are surveyed. There were 110 deaths and the results were satisfactory.
THE EARLY TREATMENT OF BATTLE CASUALTIES OF SOFT TISSUES AND BONE.1
Authors: RENOU C. A. MARSHAL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTo summarize, it is already abundantly clear that since the advent of penicillin one may expect soft tissue wounds to heal more quickly, with less scarring both superficial and deep, and with greater speed in recovery of function, with a shorter period of hospitalization, and therefore with a speedier return of the soldier to the front line.In compound fractures experience has shown that the correct forward treatment is now to convert an open fracture into a closed fracture as speedily as is compatible with safety to the patient.One has been led to hope that traumatic osteomyelitis will be greatly reduced in future campaigns, that sequestration will be less, and that chronic sinuses passing down to bone will be seldom seen.It cannot be too strongly stressed that although penicillin has revolutionized the results of forward surgery, it does not permit the forward surgeon to be any way careless in his major principles. His excisions must be as thorough, his search for foreign material as diligent, and his postoperative fixation of the injured limb as complete as ever.In conclusion, may I quote an extract from a letter just received from a surgeon at one of our forward hospitals.One thing which struck me very much while doing a round with Colonel Littlejohn was the comparison with a similar round done with him in Warwick, after the Kokoda fighting. At that time nearly every wound seen, soft tissue or otherwise, was discharging, and those suffering from extensive compound fractures looked sick, whereas today a very large majority of all wounds are healed or practically so. This has been especially noticeable in the perforating wounds of hands or feet, healing and, more important, return of function and return to unit, therefore, have been considerably accelerated.
CONTROLLED RESPIRATION AND CURARE IN MODERN SURGERY
Authors: Orton R. H. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Controlled respiration possesses advantages over voluntary respiration in thoracic surgery and should be employed during abdominal surgery whenever respiratory depression occurs. By its use normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is possible in all circumstances.2. By producing muscular relaxation and abolishing reflexes curare allows the use of light anaesthesia and therefore aids in the avoidance of shock.3. In abdominal surgery, light anaesthesia, combined with the use of curare and controlled respiration, produces the minimum disturbance in the patient compatible with adequate muscular relaxation.4. In thoracic surgery curare controls bronchial reflexes and with controlled respiration gives the most satisfactory conditions for surgery.5. The use of controlled respiration and of curare demands a high degree of anaesthetic skill.
NERVE ANASTOMOSIS IN THE TREATMENT OF FACIAL PARALYSIS
Authors: Trumble H. C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryResults obtained in the treatment of facial paralysis and clonic facial spasm by means of the operation of hypoglossal‐facial anastomosis are described. Recovery of tone and voluntary power was satisfactory in eighteen patients, unsatisfactory in one. One patient has not been reviewed. Recovery was very satisfactory in two cases in which there was a delay of nine and a half months between the date of onset of facial paralysis and that of the reparative operation, and also in one other in which the delay was twenty‐six months. These observations would seem to demonstrate that degeneration of muscle fibres and end plates is not of such importance as is generally believed.
SEGMENTAL PULMONARY RESECTION1
Authors: Robb Douglas 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOn a basis of six cases segmental pulmonary resection is found to be eminently practicable at least as far as the middle lobe, lingula, apical or first dorsal and lower basal segments go. Convalescence on the whole has been good to excellent. In three of the cases post‐operative bronchograms show healthy bronchi in the portions conserved, but no late results are available.The principle of securing bronchus and vessels and then peeling the segment off through an avascular plane has also been applied with success in lobectomy in cases with poor or absent fissures.
RESTORATIVE RESECTIONS FOR CARCINOMA OF THE RECTUM
Authors: Wilson Edward 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFrom a study of the lymphatic spread in a series of patients with carcinoma of the rectum who were alive and well five years after abdomino‐perineal, perineo‐abdominal or synchronous combined excision of the rectum, it is concluded that the continued and more frequent use of restorative resections of the rectum is justified.
ON THE DIAGNOSIS OF MALIGNANT TESTICULAR TUMOURS
Authors: Wyndham Norman 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe possible variations of the history and clinical appearance of testicular tumours are described.The association with trauma, imperfect development, pseudo‐inflammatory onset and distant metastases is outlined.The results of hormonal investigations are given in a limited number of cases and thefnllibility of these tests as tliagiiostic proceclures is emphasized.
PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THE RENAL PELVIS
Authors: Laidley J. W. S. , Howarth V. S. 
Published: January 2008

A case of papilliferous squamous carcinoma of the renal pelvis is reported.
The patient has been free of local recurrence and recurrence in the residual ureter and bladder for 21 months following simple nephrectomy.
Current opinions on the treatment of papilliferous disease of the renal pelvis are discussed.
PRIMARY UNILATERAL HARE LIP REPAIR
Authors: Fraser K. B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryForty‐five cases of primary unilateral hare lip repair have been selected from a series of facial cleft operations and subjected to critical review. The deformities to be over come have been discussed and the technique of the operation has been described. Attention has been directed to the significance of the various stages in the operation and to the methods employed in an attempt to overcome the more common post‐operative defects. The importance of a photographic record of all cases has been stressed and a series of photographs showing progressive grades of deformity has been included to emphasise this.
SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM IN BURSAE; THE IMPORT OF THE NON‐SPECIFICITY OF THE GERM‐LAYERS
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn example of a prepatellar cyst lined by stratified epithelium is described. An opinion that this is an epidermal cyst or tumour depends on an acceptance of the three germ‐layer hypothesis, which would imply that stratified epithelium, especially if squamous, is necessarily of ectodermal origin.The problem of the specificity of the germ layers is examined briefly from the general biological viewpoint. Although it is not possible to do more than indicate in a very sketchy way the, main points (biological details of species, etcetera, are not given), an indication of the breadth of the question and the great volume of investigation is provided. The experimental work is discussed and some of the pathological observations are mentioned. From whichever of these viewpoints the question is considered, it is apparent that the germ‐layer hypothesis is largely phantasy.That there are three layers to be seen at certain stages of development of some animals (particularly those with large egg yolks 1 has been abundantly demonstrated, but it has been shewn that any a priori opinion that a condition such as that described here must be epidermal (that is ectodermal in origin) is unjustified. In normal conditions the three layers are separate and evolve in a usual, apparently predetermined fashion, but in “thunder, lightning or in rain (that is, in pathological states) they show a disregard for boundaries that is the more complete the more they are studied in such circumstances.The variations in form of the synovial membrane of bursae are shown in several examples. The specimen described here is one in which a hidden potentiality is exposed a growth capacity of which synovial membrane is capable in abnormal conditions the development of a stratified and squamous epithelium.
CARCINOMA OF THE LOWER OESOPHAGUS AND UPPER STOMACH
Authors: Niesche F. W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryRecords of 13 patients submitted to total gastrectomy or cardio‐oesophagectomy are presented.Eight patients survived operation, one dying at the end of six months from acute intestinal obstruction.Seven patients are still living, 4 having survived for a period of at least twelve months.A plea for early diagnosis has been made because all these patients had advanced malignant disease and some were poor risks.The operability rate has been extended as far as possible. With earlier diagnosis and increasing experience, it is felt that the mortality can be lowered.These extensive operations may be considered justifiable if the patient can live in comparative comfort for a year or more.
CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY IN NEUROSURGERY.: Part II. THE ANGIOGRAPHIC APPEARENCES IN INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS
Authors: Dowling J. L. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

Intracranial aneurysms are briefly discussed with particular reference to the angiographic technique used in their diagnosis.
A series of tracings of angiograms is reproduced showing aneurysms in various situations. Their symptomatology and treatment are indicated.
The relationship between aneurysms and sub‐arachnoid haemorrhage is stressed and a line of surgical management discussed.
SOME PROBLEMS IN OESOPHAGEAL SURGERY
Authors: Robb Douglas 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe problems of exact diagnosis, the correct treatment of advanced cardiospasm, and the management of acid regurgitation leading to oesophagitis and peptic ulcer are discussed.It is suggested that it is necessary to use all available methods of diagnosis before deciding on treatment. That while Heller's operation with certain safeguards is probably the best procedure for advanced cardiospasm, it is not wholly reliable, and should notbe resorted to lightly. That a flap of gastric mucosa might be useful in checking reflux after resection and oesophago gastrostomy. That a graft of diaphragmatic tissue might be useful in the fortification of an otherwise doubtful repair of a hiatus hernia.
TRANSPLANTATION OF URETERS INTO THE COLON
Authors: Brown Grayton 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTHE CLOACAL LIFE.1. The history of the operation of transplantation of the ureters into the bowel has been reviewed.2. Careful pre‐operative preparation of these patients is emphasised.3. An operative technique has been described in detail.4. The mortality and morbidity of this operation is shown to be reasonably low.5. The cloaca1 life is described.
UNILATERAL RENAL ECTOPIA WITH RENAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Earlam M. S. S. , Carrodus A. L. , Howarth V. S. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. A record is made of a Grawitz tumour arising in an ectopic kidney. This is the third case to be placed on record and possibly the first case of successful surgical removal.2. The main complaint was of atypical abdominal pain which was referred to the opposite side of the upper abdomen. This pain was reproduced by over distension of the pelvis of the ectopic kidney and disappeared after nephrectomy.3. There were no complaints that could be clinically attributed to the ectopic organ.4. Technical difficulties in the surgicalapproach are discussed.5. A review of the literature is included.
HYDRONEPHROSIS OF AN ECTOPIC KIDNEY RESULTING FROM ACCIDENTAL SURGICAL LIGATION OF THE URETER
Authors: Howarth V. S. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. An example of accidental surgical ligation of the ureter with hydronephrotic atrophy is a low lumbar ectopic kidney is recorded.2. The development of hydronephrosis following surgical ligation of the ureter is insidious.3. Pain may not be a clinical feature until hydronephrotic atrophy is complete, and in the case recorded, three and a half years passed without symptoms or signs.4. The presence of infection would appear to determine the onset of acute symptoms following surgical ligation of the ureter.
MALIGNANT GIANT CELL TUMOUR OF BONE.*
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary

The malignant giant cell tumour of bone is described here as the malignant growth which contains many foreign body giant cells (osteoclasts).
This tumour is at first localized to one part of a bone, radiologically shows characteristic trabeculation and histologically shows a structure closely resembling that of the benign giant cell tumour.
The features distinguishing it from the benign giant cell tumour are the relatively uniform stroma and the presence of mitotic figures.
It is the less malignant form of this tumour, and the lack of clear segregation of it from the benign giant cell tumour that is responsible for much of the confusion regarding the benign tumour.
Difficulties of histological diagnosis are due to foreign body giant cells and a superadded pleomorphic stroma occurring in malignant tumours as the result of haemorrhage and infection.
The benign giant cell tumour does not fulfil the criterion of a neoplasm, namely that of progressive growth, and thus its distinction from the true neoplastic form is extremely important.
TUMOURS AND CYSTS OF THE MEDIASTINUM PART TWO*
Authors: Hirschfeld Konrad 
Published: January 2008

Summary.Twenty‐four cases of tumours and cysts of the mediastinum are described, and in‐clude two cases of posterior mediastinal goitre, 1 haemangioma, and 1 lymphatic cyst.A survey of the literature of some 600 tuniours and cysts has been made.A brief description of the various types tumours and cysts is given.
MUCOUS CYSTS OF THE FINGERS.
Authors: King E. S. J. 
Published: January 2008

Summary.The condition of mucous cysts of the fingers has well‐defined clinical features and is due to mucoid change in the sub‐cutaneous tissues.2. The condition is not “synovial” in the sense that the cysts are related to or communicate with joints.3.Ganglia and synovial cysts are clinically distinguishable conditions.4.Fundamentally the processes in the two conditions are similar but, though this is important pathologically, it should not be allowed to sustain the confusion which has arisen in the literature concerning what are, in their fully developed forms. distinguishable conditions.5.Peri‐articular nodules may occur also in cystic form but are readily distinguishable by their site and structure.6.Thus the three conditions which have been confused in the literature and which may become morphologically similar by synovial differentiation of their tissues are:(i)mucous cysts of the fingers,(ii) ganglion,(iii) peri‐articular nodules.Clinically they are readily distinguishable.
TENDON REPAIR IN THE HAND‐A SUPPLEMENTARY PAPER.
Authors: Rank B. K. , Wakefield A. R. 
Published: January 2008

Summary.The vastly improved results in the latter series of cases as compared with those pre‐viously presented, we attribute mainly to the following:‐(a)A better knowledge of what cases have no prospect of any improvement. This does not mean that we discard any cases where there is any prospect of success what‐ever. A good condition of the joints and absence of scar embarrassment are essential to success.(b) A more patient attitude in waiting until any scar residuum, which is not going tohe replaced, has softened.(c) A more practised and standardized technique which, if done in proper sequence, permits of a quicker, more orderly and less traumatic procedure which, in the case of a single finger, can be completed under tourni‐quet avascularity.(d) A. personal conduct of all phases of lreatment.In conclusion, we consider that a stage has now been reached when we can tell patients with ordinary confidence what can or cannot be achieved by operations of tendon repair.Moreover, in general consideration of tendon repair in the hand we would now‐ make this statement, which might surprise many ‐ 111 relation to the criteria of normal function. our worst results from cut tendons are where these injuries involve not the flexor tendons on the front of the finger, but the extensor tendons on the back of the finger. This statement is made with sound reason which we will discuss elsewhere.
PAGET'S DISEASE OF THE NIPPLE
Authors: Johnson Neil 
Published: January 2008

Summary(1) macroscopically, paget's disease of the nipple may present a variable picture. in the majority of cases the lesion is red, raw and granular in appearance, but in others, it may be eczematous or dry andscaling. paget's disease should be suspected when any nipple lesion persists for more thanthree to four weeks.(4) microscopically characteristic changes are seen. typical paget cells occur around the edge of the lesion, whilst centrally the superficial layers of the epidermis may be lost.(5) carcinoma is present in the underlying breast in 75 per cent. of cases when first seen.(6) in those cases without a palpable tumour, treatment should be as for carcinoma of the breast.
CAROTID BODY TUMOURS: A STUDY OF THREE CASES INCLUDING A BILATERAL EXAMPLE
Authors: Birrell J. H. W. 
Published: January 2008

Summarythree patients who had carotid body tumours subjected to surgery are described, including a patient with bilateral tumours. in no case were any carotid vessels ligated, yet death occurred in a patient who had a unilateral tumour removed.post‐operative investigations, performed on the patient who had had bilateral tumours, involving a variation in the percentage of oxygen in the inspired air, provide suggestive evidence in favour of the hypothesis that anoxaemia with a subnormal okygen tension is the stimulus to the carotid bodies.the histology of the tumours is examined and similarities to the glomus tumour noted. their general structure indicates that they are hyperplasias; the tumour is extensively, if irregularly, innervated and many club‐shaped nerve endings can be demonstrated. the “tumour” is therefore probably a functioning tissue.diagnosis and treatment are briefly discussed, early surgery being the treatment of choice, whilst angiography may help in diagnosis.the literature of bilateral carotid bodies is briefly reviewed.the percentage of malignant carotid body tumours is considered to be negligible.
THE MULTIPLE GROWTH OF MOLLUSCUM SEBACEUM IN DONOR AND RECIPIENT SITES OF SKIN GRAFT
Authors: Dibden F. A. , Fowler Malcolm 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFollowing the removal of a molluscum sebaceum from the back of the hand of male aged 76, further tumours appeared, in two months, on the donor and recipient sites of skin graft. Two were completely excised and one is regressing; the other lesions disappeared spontaneously.
POST‐OPERATIVE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Davis Neville C. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Twenty‐four cases of early post‐operative intestinal obstruction are discussed. Of these four were due to paralytic ileus, and twenty to mechanical obstruction.2. There was a fatal termination in six Gases, all of which were mechanically obstructed.3. Paralytic ileus caw‐d delay and confusion in diagnosis.4. The classical features of mechanical obstruction are often absent in the early postoperative period. In eleven cases, pain was either absent or insufficient to attract attention.5. Vomiting and distension which recurs after it has once subsided is usually due to a mechanical obstruction and not to a relapse of paralytic ileus.6. Good X‐rays are of great importance in the differential diagnosis between mechanical obstruction and paralytic ileus.7. Intestinal intubation using the GraftonSmith stylet is of value as an immediate preoperative manocuvre.
RADICAL SURGERY IN THE PELVIS
Authors: Godfrey Graham 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Certain pathological features of uterine cancer are considered.2. The following aspects of radical surgery in the pelvis are discussed:(i) Preparation of the patient.(ii) Anaesthesia and resuscitation.(iii) The incision.(iv) The operation.(a) Mobilization of pelvic contents.(b) Control of venous haemorrhage.3. The results of the anterior, posterior, and total exenteration operations performed in the Radio‐Surgical Clinic at the Royal Women's Hospital are presented.4. Methods of dealing with the ureters following cystectomy are discussed.5. Criteria used in the selection of patients for exenteration operations are outlined.
DIABETIC GANGRENE SOME OBSERVATIONS ON ITS PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT
Authors: Webb Rowan 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. The problem of conservative amputation in the diabetic is discussed.2. The pathology of some common infective and ischaemic lesions of the feet of diabetics is described.3. The technique of conservative amputation in such cases, with special reference to metatarsal resection, is described.4. Case histories, selected to illustrate the variety of problems which may present to the surgeon, are given.
HEAT AND CORROSION EFFECTS DURING STERILIZATION OF SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Goad P. W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryEFFECTS of heat and corrosion during sterilization by hot air, steam pressure and boiling in alkaline solutions are investigated. The temper of cutting instruments is unlikely to be seriously affected by exposure to temperatures up to 320°F. Sterilization by steam under pressure may under certain conditions cause heavy corrosion. Sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate‐sodium nitrite sterilizing solutions inhibit corrosion. Corrosive attack does not occur preferentially at fine cutting edges.
ALVEOLAR SOFT PART SARCOMA
Authors: Hurley John V. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. The literature on alveolar soft part sarcoma –a distinct and recently recognized tumour arising in association with skeletal muscle, is reviewed.2. Three new cases are recorded, and their clinical and pathological features are described.3. The differential diagnosis of the tumour is discussed, with especial reference to its separation from secondary carcinoma.4. The evidence for the histogenesis of the tumour is outlined, and it is concluded that it bears no relation to tumours arising in chemoreceptor tissue such as the carotid body.