bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Crossed Molecular Beam Study on the Reaction of Boron Atoms with Methylacetylene and Partially Deuterated Methylacetylene
Authors: Zhang Fangtong , Kao Chih Hao , Chang Agnes H. H. , Gu Xibin , Guo Ying , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe reactions of ground‐state boron atoms, B(2Pj), with methylacetylene, CH3CCH(X1A1), and its [D3]‐substituted isotopomer, CD3CCH(X1A1), are studied under single collision conditions using the crossed molecular beam technique at collision energies of 21.6 and 21.9 kJ mol−1, respectively. Utilizing the CD3CCH reactant, detailed information on the dynamics is obtained. The reaction followed indirect scattering dynamics and proceeded through at least two reaction channels via atomic deuterium and hydrogen atom elimination pathways leading eventually to two isotopomers, that is, theC2vsymmetric D2CCCBH(X1A1) and D2CCCBD(X1A1) structures via statistical and non‐statistical reaction pathways, respectively.
Head involution in Drosophila: Genetic and morphogenetic connections to dorsal closure
Authors: VanHook Annalisa , Letsou Anthea 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDorsal closure and head involution are complex morphogenetic processes that occur nearly simultaneously, midway through Drosophila embryonic development. While dorsal closure has been studied extensively in terms of both its morphology and genetics, head involution has not been described comprehensively. A thorough review of the literature nonetheless reveals considerable information regarding the genetic components of head involution. In several instances, authors have made explicit references to head involution in regard to mutant phenotypes; in others, we have made this connection. Here we collect, catalogue, and discuss published head involution studies. In considering and integrating the data, an enhanced appreciation of the molecular mechanisms underlying head involution and its molecular kinship with dorsal closure has emerged. Developmental Dynamics 237:28–38, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional analysis of swallowing outcomes after supracricoid partial laryngectomy
Authors: Lewin Jan S. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Barringer Denise A. , May Annette H. , Roberts Dianna B. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Diaz Eduardo M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground.In this study, we analyzed swallowing recovery after supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL).Methods.We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients treated with SCPL (September 1997 to March 2005). We evaluated recovery course, nutritional outcomes, and swallowing using objective analysis. Modified barium swallow (MBS) study results identified swallowing physiology and therapeutic effectiveness.Results.Average length of hospitalization was 7.7 ± 9.2 days; time to decannulation was 5.3 ± 8.2 weeks. The most common complications included pneumonia and subcutaneous emphysema (26%). Twenty‐two patients had MBS studies, in which initially, all patients aspirated due to neoglottic incompetency, and impaired base of tongue and laryngeal movements. Although aspiration rates did not change significantly over time, use of appropriately selected swallowing strategies effectively protected the airway (p = .0365). Ultimately, 81% of patients returned to complete oral intake with median tube removal at 9.4 weeks.Conclusion.SCPL produces severe dysphagia initially. Our findings suggest that objective swallowing assessment is important for return to oral nutrition after SCPL. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Structural hierarchy of biomimetic materials for tissue engineered vascular and orthopedic grafts
Authors: Lekakou C. , Lamprou D. , Vidyarthi U. , Karopoulou E. , Zhdan P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGelatine gels and gelatine/elastin gels have been prepared to be used in tissue engineered vascular grafts. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the gelatine formed nanofibrils as in soft collagen tissues. The gelatine/elastin gels were nanocomposites with flat elastin nanodomains embedded in the gelatine matrix mimicking the structure of the tunica media in arteries. Gelatine/“hydroxyapatite” (HA) nanocomposites were prepared with the in situ production of “HA” in solution. AFM revealed “HA” solid nanoparticles of about 20 nm size embedded in the gelatine matrix, which formed a hierarchical structure similar to that of the collagen matrix in bone. The application of amagnetic field of 9.4 T resulted in the elongation and orientation of gelatine particles and orientation of gelatine microfibrils in a direction perpendicular to that of the magnetic field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Comparison of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride‐loaded protein, lipid, and chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery
Authors: Jain Dharmendra , Banerjee R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop single dose delivery systems based on nanotechnology for prolonged antibiotic release in a controlled manner. Five different drug–carrier ratios of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride‐loaded nanoparticles of albumin, gelatin, chitosan (CS), and lipid [solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)] were prepared and characterized. Average particle size was found to be in the range of 73 ± 2 to 98 ± 44 nm for SLNs, 140 ± 7 to 175 ± 24 nm for albumin nanoparticles, 143 ± 18 to 184 ± 27 nm for gelatin nanoparticles, and 247 ± 48 to 322 ± 52 nm for CS nanoparticles. A drug‐to‐carrier ratio of 0.5:1 was preferred for CS nanoparticles having zeta potential of >20 mV and drug encapsulation of 35.01% ± 2.66%. Similarly, 0.6:1 ratio was preferred for albumin nanoparticles with zeta potential >16 mV and drug encapsulation 48.20% ± 3.01%. Zeta potentials of gelatin nanoparticles loaded with ciprofloxacin suggested that they were unstable and prone to flocculation. SLN with 0.25:1 drug carrier ratio showed 38.71% ± 2.38% drug entrapment and −28 ± 1 mV surface charge. All the nanoparticles showed sustained drug release avoiding “burst effect” of the free drugs for up to 120 h for albumin nanoparticles, 96 h for CS and gelatin nanoparticles, and 80 h for SLNs. The drug release profiles followed Higuchi model. Results suggest that CS nanoparticles and SLNs can act as promising carriers for sustained ciprofloxacin release in infective conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Epidemiological and clinical evaluation of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and delta hepatitis viruses in Tajikistan
Authors: Khan Anis , Kurbanov Fuat , Tanaka Yasuhito , Elkady Abeer , Sugiyama Masaya , Dustov Abdusamad , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe implication of genotypes is recognized increasingly in the clinical course of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and in response to anti‐viral drugs of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Genotypic prevalence of both etiological agents varies geographically and no data are available for Tajikistan. To investigate the epidemiology and clinical significance of HBV and HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis (group 1) and liver cirrhosis/hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (group 2) patients in Tajikistan, 124 patients with chronic liver disease (group 1 = 84 and group 2 = 40) were enrolled. Genotypes of HBV, HCV, and delta hepatitis virus (HDV) were determined by sequencing. The overall prevalence of anti‐HCV, HCV core antigen (HCVcAg) and HBsAg was 46% (57/124) and 41.1% (51/124), respectively. Coinfection of HCV/HBV, HBV/HDV, and HCV/HBV/HDV was found in 4.8% (6/124), 11.2% (12/124), and 0.8% (1/124) of cases, respectively. HDV genotype 1 was found in 19.6% (10/51) of HBsAg‐positive patients. The HBV/HDV coinfection was relatively high in group 2 compared to group 1 (15% vs. 7.1%). HCV/1b detected in 84.6% (44/52) of HCV RNA‐positive patients, followed by 3a (7.6%), 2a (5.7%), and 2c (1.9%). HBV/D was detected in 94.1% (48/51) of HBsAg‐positive patients, followed by HBV/A [5.8% (3/51)]. T1762/A1764 double mutation was associated with liver cirrhosis/HCC in HBV‐infected patients (P = 0.0004). This is the first study on the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis viruses among chronic liver diseases patients in Tajikistan. Among HBV‐infected patients, the T1762/A1764 mutation was associated with liver cirrhosis/HCC. J. Med. Virol. 80:268–276, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistence of novel human parvovirus PARV4 in liver tissue of adults
Authors: Schneider Beate , Fryer Jacqueline F. , Reber Ulrike , Fischer Hans‐Peter , Tolba René H. , Baylis Sally A. , Eis‐Hübinger Anna M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHuman parvovirus 4 (PARV4) is a recently identified virus whose biology, epidemiology and pathogenic potential have yet to be determined. Recently, it was reported that PARV4 DNA persists in tissues of some HIV‐infected individuals, whilst PARV4 DNA was not detected in tissues of subjects not infected with HIV. In the present study, liver tissue from 87 individuals, none of who were infected with HIV, with the exception of a single subject, was analyzed for the presence of PARV4 DNA. Overall, PARV4 DNA was detected in 13 specimens (15%). In other tissues examined, PARV4 genotype 2 (also termed PARV5) DNA was detected in one of four paired bone marrow specimens. Tissue viral loads did not exceed 100 copies per µg of genomic DNA. In addition, serum samples from 40 of these individuals all tested negative for PARV4 DNA. In the subjects analyzed in this study, PARV4 genotype 2 appeared to be genetically more heterogeneous than PARV4 genotype 1. The results show that PARV4 DNA can be detected in liver, and that infection with PARV4 is not restricted to HIV‐infected individuals. Previous studies showing the presence of PARV4 in plasma, suggest that during infection with PARV4, a viraemic stage occurs, allowing systemic spread to a variety of tissues. J. Med. Virol. 80:345–351, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subjective well being of adolescents in boarding schools under threat of war
Authors: Ronen Tammie , Seeman Anat 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHow is subjective well being (SWB) of adolescents in boarding schools affected by threatened war, and related to perceived social support, self‐control skills, and self‐efficacy beliefs? Five hundred sixty‐seven adolescents in five Israeli boarding schools completed questionnaires before the 2003 Iraq war. As expected, participants' fear of war affected SWB, and adolescents with high social support and self‐control reported better SWB than low‐scoring counterparts. Unexpectedly, self‐efficacy regarding effective coping with upcoming war was unrelated to SWB. However, self‐efficacy moderated links between social support and two SWB components (positive affect, life satisfaction). High‐efficacy participants showed positive support–SWB correlations, whereas low‐efficacy participants showed none. Findings highlighted personal resources as maintaining adolescents' SWB in boarding schools even under extreme stress.
Parental response and adolescent adjustment to the september 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
Authors: Gil‐Rivas Virginia , Silver Roxane Cohen , Holman E. Alison , McIntosh Daniel N. , Poulin Michael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examined adolescents' adjustment following the attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11). A Web‐based survey was administered 2 weeks and 7 months postattacks to a national sample of adolescents (N = 104). A randomly selected parent also completed a survey at the 7‐month assessment. Although exposure to the attacks was indirect, over half the participants felt threatened. Adolescents' posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with their acute stress symptoms, parental distress, parental coping advice, parental availability to discuss the attacks, and reports that 9/11‐related discussions were unhelpful. Adolescents' distress symptoms were associated with a history of mental health problems, acute stress symptoms, and parental unavailability to discuss the attacks.
Medium‐chain fatty acids – Nutritional function and application to cooking oil
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroyuki , Sekine Seiji , Seto Akira 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMedium‐chain fatty acids, which are saturated fatty acids composed of 8–10 carbons, have unique nutritional characteristics different from those of long‐chain fatty acids. Medium‐chain triacylglycerol (MCT) is more readily digested and absorbed than long‐chain triacylglycerol (LCT), and easily utilized as energy. The use of MCT as an edible oil is limited because it has a low smoking point and easily foams during deep‐frying like lauric acid does. Medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) prepared by transesterification between MCT and LCT has a higher smoking point and reduced foaming property. MLCT oil has been shown to result in less body fat accumulation in animal and human studies. It has been approved as a food for specified health use (FOSHU) and widely sold in Japan as a cooking oil less likely to lead to body fat accumulation.
Supramolecular Micellization of Diblock Copolymer Mixtures Mediated by Hydrogen Bonding for the Observation of Separated Coil and Chain Aggregation in Common Solvents
Authors: Kuo Shiao‐Wei , Tung Pao‐Hsaing , Lai Chih‐Ling , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Chang Feng‐Chih 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a new approach towards preparing self‐assembled hydrogen‐bonded complexes that have vesicle and patched spherical structures from two species of block copolymer in non‐selective solvents. The assembly of vesicles from the intermolecular complex formed after mixing polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinyl phenol) (PS‐b‐PVPh) with poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PMMA‐b‐P4VP) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) is driven by strong hydrogen bonding between the complementary binding sites on the PVPh and P4VP blocks. In contrast, well‐defined patched spherical micelles form after blending PS‐b‐PVPh with PMMA‐b‐P4VP in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF): weaker hydrogen bonds form between the PVPh and P4VP blocks in DMF, relative to those in THF, which results in the formation of spherical micelles that have compartmentalized coronas that consist of PS and PMMA blocks.magnified image
Small microstrip patch antennas with short‐pin using a dual‐band operation
Authors: Yoon Cheol , Choi Sun‐Ho , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Hyo‐Dal Park  
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article presents the design and fabrication of a short‐pin dual‐band E‐shaped microstrip patch antenna for application in a 2.630–2.655 GHz band satellite‐DMB with a 5.725–5.825 GHz band wireless LAN. The prototype consist of a short‐pin and E‐shaped patch. To obtain sufficient bandwidth in VSWR < 2, an air layer is inserted between the ground plane and the substrate. A small short‐pin patch that has a dual‐band characteristic is used. Important design parameters are the slot's existence, length, the air‐gap's height, the feed point's position, and the short‐pin's existence and point position. From these optimized parameters, an E‐shaped antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results of the fabricated antenna are obtained individually at 200 and 700 MHz bandwidths in VSWR < 2 referenced to the center frequency, and the individual gain at 8.79 and 10.26 dBi. The experimental 3 dB beam width is shown to be broad across the pass band in the E‐plane, and in the H‐plane is individually 73°, 65°, 74°, and 42°, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 367–371, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23099
Analytical model for double split ring resonators with arbitrary ring width
Authors: Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Jensen Thomas , Krozer Viktor , Meincke Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFor the first time, the analytical model for a double split ring resonator with unequal width rings is developed. The proposed models for the resonators with equal and unequal widths are based on an impedance matrix representation and provide the prediction of performance in a wide frequency range. A phase compensation is implemented to adjust for the difference in length of the two rings, resulting in an accurate calculation of the resonant frequencies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 511–515, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23104
T1 mapping of the entire lung parenchyma: Influence of respiratory phase and correlation to lung function test results in patients with diffuse lung disease
Authors: Stadler Alfred , Jakob Peter M. , Griswold Mark , Stiebellehner Leopold , Barth Markus , Bankier Alexander A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe T1 values of lung parenchyma of 25 patients with fibrosis and emphysema were measured in the entire lung, and the effect of inspiration and expiration was investigated. T1 map acquisition was based on a snapshot‐fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) sequence. Lung function and blood gas tests were measured. The study documents reverse respiratory phase dependence of T1 measurements of the entire lung parenchyma in patients with emphysema and fibrosis. Furthermore, expiratory measurements showed higher and reverse differences between patient groups compared to inspiratory measurements. For the emphysema group, the average T1 value in inspiration was 1033 ± 74 ms. The average of the mean T1 values in expiration was 982 ± 56 ms. For the patients with fibrosis, the average T1 value in inspiration was 996 ± 103 ms. Compared to that, the average T1 value in expiration was 1282 ± 170 ms. Linear regression of T1 vs. lung function parameters showed the highest regression coefficients for total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) in expiration, the values were inversely proportionally dependent on the pooled expiratory T1 values. These findings underline the strong but nonuniform influence of the inspirational status during T1 measurements of the lung. T1 maps in both emphysema and fibrosis should preferably be acquired at expiration if reliable data are to be obtained. Magn Reson Med 59:96–101, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Probing the Morphology and Nanoscale Mechanics of Single Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Microgels Across the Lower‐Critical‐Solution Temperature by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Tagit Oya , Tomczak Nikodem , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSubmicrometer‐sized particles of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) are synthesized by surfactant‐free radical polymerization. The morphology and nanomechanical properties of individual, isolated PNIPAM microgel particles at the silicon/air and silicon/water interfaces, below and above the PNIPAM volume‐phase‐transition temperature (VPTT), are probed by atomic force microscopy. In air, and in water below the VPTT, the PNIPAM spheres are flattened and adopt a pancakelike shape. Interestingly, above the VPTT the microgels adopt a more spherical form with increased height and decreased width, which is attributed to reduced interactions of the particles with the substrate. The elastic modulus calculated from force‐indentation curves obtained for individual microgel spheres reveals that the stiffness of the particle’s surface decreases by two orders of magnitude upon swelling in water. Additionally, the modulus of the PNIPAM spheres in water increases by one order of magnitude when crossing the VPTT from the swollen to the collapsed states, indicating a more compact chain packing at the particle surface.
Using parameters and discriminants for product line requirements
Authors: Mannion Mike , Kaindl Hermann 
Published: December 2007

AbstractReuse and Requirements Engineering are very important for efficient and successful product development. However, there are many open issues for performing them well in practice, especiallyreuse of requirements. This paper addresses several of these issues by making use of parameters anddiscriminantsfor product line requirements. Discriminants are a special kind of requirement that differentiate one product from another. They represent qualitative variability in a product line model, while parameters represent quantitative variability. In this paper these techniques are combined in the form of parameterized discriminants. Using the techniques and a metamodel for the representation of a product line model, a stakeholder‐viewpoint oriented process is defined for capturing product line requirements and constructing a product line model. From such a generic model and with well‐defined semantics, selecting single product application requirements can be done systematically, guaranteeing the property that the resulting single product satisfies the constraints of the product line model. Even for unsystematic free selection as often used in practice, it can be formally verified whether this property holds. The approach is illustrated using a hypothetical mobile phone example and draws upon case study work with real‐world requirements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Using patterns to transition systems engineering from a technological to social context
Authors: Haskins Cecilia 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn 1984 Booton and Ramo [IEEE Trans Aerospace Electron Syst AES‐20 (July 1984), 306–309] wrote that the major growth of the practice of systems engineering would be in the enlargement of the range of problems to which it is applied. A casual glance at the accumulated literature on Systems Engineering suggests that the current practice remains focused on the creation of technological aspects of engineered solutions. It could be argued that a language for applying systems engineering to the social aspects of engineered solutions, or for social systems, does not exist or is not pervasive. This article suggests that, through the exercise of writing patterns and pattern languages, systems engineers may begin to transition the language of systems engineering to include both social and technological contexts. Results from pattern writing activities that took place during workshops conducted as part of INCOSE symposia in 2005 and 2006 illustrate this progression. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Structural Phase Transitions in Ag2Se (Naumannite)
Authors: Billetter Heinrich , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAg2Se (naumannite) was investigated by means of temperature dependent synchrotron powder diffraction and DTA. Upon heating in air the known 1st order phase transition from orthorhombic low‐temperature Ag2Se (P212121, Z = 4) to cubic ion conducting high‐temperature Ag2Se (Im3m, Z = 2) was observed at approx. 140 °C. Upon cooling a small hysteresis was detected (TPU = 120 °C). It was found that when heated in air Ag2Se segregates elemental selenium. After cooling to ambient temperature the resulting low‐temperature Ag2Se can no longer be described in the known structural model with harmonic terms, the use of anharmonic terms is probably necessary. The phase transition and the segregation of selenium are accompanied by an increased crystallinity of the sample, as the halfwidths of the reflections become significantly smaller. Approaching the phase transition the lattice parameters of orthorhombic Ag2Se show a distinct anisotropic behaviour: b and c show a positive and a a negative thermal expansion. When heated in argon the segregation of selenium is not observed.