bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of submillimeter morphological variations on the wettability of WEDM-fabricated dual-scale roughness aluminum alloy 6082 surfaces
Authors: Skondras-Giousios Dimitrios , Karmiris-Obratański Panagiotis , Jarosz Magdalena , Leszczyńska-Madej Beata , Markopoulos Angelos P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeriving inspiration from natural hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces, multi-scale structures were manufactured on AA6082 surfaces via wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), featuring microscale texture due to spark erosion, superimposed upon a wide-range simple and more complicated geometries of submillimeter profiles. The effect that the higher-order scale morphologies had on wettability was investigated. The dual-scale morphology elevated the hydrophobicity of the surfaces compared to single-scale or unmodified surfaces, reaching superhydrophobicity (151°) in the case of a certain triangular profile. Rectangular and triangular profiles facilitated the higher contact angles, while re-entrant geometries were able to totally prevent cavity wetting. A correlation of static contact angle with roughness parameters of the larger scale such as Ra, Rz, Rp, Rsk, and Rku for certain geometry configurations was identified. Peak hydrophobicity resulted at Ra = 70 μm, Rz = 240 μm, and Rp = 160 μm concerning simple geometries. Negative Rsk and Rku > 1.5 affected negatively contact angle of samples. All investigated tested types were found to reach higher hydrophobicity at moderate drop volumes (5 μl). The fabricated samples were anisotropic in at least two directions, showing decreased hydrophobicity in the front, parallel to the groove direction. When tested in multi-directional dynamic tilting up to 90°, the more complicated geometries were able to retain resistance to spreading. All samples demonstrated superliquiphilicity with lower surface tension liquids, making them strong candidate in applications such as oil/water separation. Finally, all samples tested sustained their hydrophobic character subsequent to a 3-month atmospheric exposure period.
Fracture Risk and Health Profiles Differ According to Relationship Status: Findings from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study
Authors: Westbury Leo D. , Pearse Camille , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Fuggle Nicholas R. , Ward Kate A. , Cooper Cyrus , Dennison Elaine M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRegistry studies have suggested associations between relationship status and fracture risk. We considered associations between relationship status and incident fracture in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, comprising community-dwelling older adults, and explored associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with relationship status. 2997 participants completed a baseline questionnaire (1998–2004) and clinic visit. Participants were followed up until December 2018 using Hospital Episode Statistics, which report clinical outcomes using codes from the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10); these codes were used to ascertain incident fractures. Relationship status (not currently married/cohabiting vs currently married/cohabiting) at baseline was examined in relation to incident fracture using Cox regression. Associations between baseline characteristics and relationship status were examined using logistic regression. Mean baseline age was 66.2 years. 80% were married/cohabiting at baseline; 15% had an incident fracture (mean (SD) follow-up duration: 14.4 (4.5) years). The following were related to greater likelihood of not being married/cohabiting: older age (women only); higher BMI (women only); current smoking; high alcohol consumption (men only); poorer diet quality (men only); lower physical activity; leaving school before age 15 (women only); and not owning one’s home. Those not married/cohabiting had greater risk of incident fracture compared to those who were (age-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) 1.58 (1.06, 2.38) among men, 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) among women); associations were attenuated after accounting for the above factors associated with relationship status in the corresponding sex. This suggests that differences in health profiles and lifestyle according to relationship status may explain the association between relationship status and fracture risk.
Prophylactic defunctioning stomas improve clinical outcomes of anastomotic leak following rectal cancer resections: An analysis of the US Rectal Cancer Consortium
Authors: Hrebinko Katherine , Anto Vincent P. , Reitz Katherine M. , Gamboa Adriana C. , Regenbogen Scott E. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Hopkins M. Benjamin , Ejaz Aslam , Bauer Philip S. , Wise Paul E. , Balch Glen C. , Holder-Murray Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Anastomotic leak (AL) is a complication of low anterior resection (LAR) that results in substantial morbidity. There is immense interest in evaluating immediate postoperative and long-term oncologic outcomes in patients who undergo diverting loop ileostomies (DLI). The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between fecal diversion, AL, and oncologic outcomes.

Methods
This is a retrospective multicenter cohort study using patient data obtained from the US Rectal Cancer Consortium database compiled from six academic institutions. The study population included patients with rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing LAR. The primary outcome was the incidence of AL among patients who did or did not receive DLI during LAR. Secondary outcomes included risk factors for AL, receipt of adjuvant therapy, 3-year overall survival, and 3-year recurrence.

Results
Of 815 patients, 38 (4.7%) suffered AL after LAR. Patients with AL were more likely to be male, have unintentional preoperative weight loss, and are less likely to undergo DLI. On multivariable analysis, DLI remained protective against AL (p < 0.001). Diverted patients were less likely to undergo future surgical procedures including additional ostomy creation, completion proctectomy, or pelvic washout for AL. Subgroup analysis of 456 patients with locally advanced disease showed that DLI was correlated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapy for patients with and without AL on univariate analysis (SHR:1.59; [95% CI 1.19–2.14]; p = 0.002), but significance was not met in multivariate models.

Conclusion
Lack of DLI and preoperative weight loss was associated with anastomotic leak. Fecal diversion may improve the timely initiation of adjuvant oncologic therapy. The long-term outcomes following routine diverting stomas warrant further study.
Research progress on incomplete partition type 3 inner ear malformation
Authors: Xu Kaifan , Xiao Yun , Luo Jianfen , Chao Xiuhua , Wang Ruijie , Fan Zhaoming , Wang Haibo , Xu Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This review aims to provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress on IP-III inner ear malformation, focusing on its geneticbasis, imaging features, cochlear implantation, and outcome.

Methods
Review the literature on clinical and genetic mechanisms associated with IP-III.

Results
Mutations in the POU3F4 gene emerge as the principal pathogenic contributors to IP-III anomalies, primarily manifesting through inner ear potential irregularities leading to deafness. While cochlear implantation stands as the primary intervention for restoring hearing, the unique nature of the inner ear anomaly escalates the complexity of surgical procedures and postoperative results. Hence, meticulous preoperative assessment to ascertain surgical feasibility and postoperative verification of electrode placement are imperative. Additionally, gene therapy holds promise as a prospective treatment modality.

Conclusions
IP-III denotes X-linked recessive hereditary deafness, with cochlear implantation currently serving as the predominant therapeutic approach. Clinicians are tasked with preoperative assement and individualized postoperative rehabilitation.
Datasets and annotations for layout analysis of scientific articles
Authors: Gemelli Andrea , Marinai Simone , Pisaneschi Lorenzo , Santoni Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor a long time now, datasets containing scientific articles have been crucial to the analysis and recognition of document images. These document collections have frequently served as a testing ground for cutting-edge methods for optical character recognition, layout analysis, and document understanding in general. We thoroughly analyze and compare many datasets proposed for layout analysis of scientific documents, ranging from small collections of scanned papers to modern large-scale datasets containing digital-born papers, which have been proposed to train deep learning-based methods. Furthermore, we outline a detailed taxonomy of the annotation procedures used considering manual, automatic, and generative approaches, and we analyze their benefits and drawbacks. This survey is meant to provide the reader with a review of the most used benchmarks together with detailed information on data, annotations, and complexity, helping scholars to identify the most suitable dataset for their tasks of interest. We also discuss possible open problems to further enhance datasets to support research in the layout analysis of scientific articles.
Unlocking the potential of virtual reality to expand treatment frontiers for bulimia nervosa: a pilot study to explore the impact of virtual reality-enhanced cognitive-behavioral therapy
Authors: Sansoni Maria , Varallo Giorgia , Malighetti Clelia , Tuena Cosimo , Di Lernia Daniele , Cesa Gian Luca , Manzoni Gian Mauro , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Riva Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a Virtual Reality (VR) intervention when compared to an integrated multimodal medically managed Inpatient Program (IP) in a cohort of 24 female patients diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa (BN). Psychological measures (i.e., EDI-2) were assessed at three points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Behavioral measures (i.e., BMI) were evaluated at 6 different time points, instead (i.e., pre-treatment, post-treatment, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months from the discharge date). The VR treatment was more effective in improving the EDI subscales EDI-DT (i.e., drive for thinness) and EDI-BU (i.e., binging-purging behaviors). In particular, patients in the VR condition showed a reduced EDI-BU score at 1-month follow-up and post-test in comparison to the pre-test, as well as a lower EDI-DT score at 1-month follow-up compared to the pre-test. Conversely, no significant changes were noted in the IP group for either subscale. Regarding the behavioral measures, the group undergoing the VR condition reported the maintenance of the BMI in the long term compared to the IP. Specifically, in the VR group BMI decreased from the pre- to post-test, and from the pre-test to the 12-month follow-up. In the IP group, BMI improved from the pre- to the post-test, and from the pre-test to the 12-month follow-up. However, a relapse pattern was observed in the IP condition during the follow-up period, with a significant BMI increase from the post-test to the 9-month follow-up, from the 3 to the 9-month follow-up, from the 6 to the 9-month follow-up, and a decrease of BMI between the 9 and the 12-month follow-up. In conclusion, these results suggest that integrating VR treatment into the care of individuals with BN could enhance both immediate and sustained treatment outcomes. This may offer valuable insights for future studies to expand and delve deeper into the field of EDs.
Breeding performance and nest-site selection of Woodchat Shrikes Lanius senator near the southern edge of their breeding distribution
Authors: Bloche Daniel A. F. , Sapir Nir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNumerous Woodchat Shrike (Lanius senator) populations, and Laniidae in general, are globally declining. A deeper understanding of their breeding ecology, including their nest-site selection and breeding performance, from hatching success to post-fledging survival, could contribute to their conservation. We studied breeding Woodchat Shrikes near the southern edge of their breeding range in Northern Israel, monitoring breeding pairs throughout the breeding season from March to July 2023 in three study areas at the slopes of the Golan Heights in a semi-open shrubland. We collected data on birds’ nesting success, including hatching and fledging success, as well as on breeding pairs’ productivity and post-fledging survival of Woodchat Shrikes. Furthermore, we gathered information on nest-site characteristics. In this part of their range, Woodchat Shrikes breed in relatively high densities, opportunistically selecting nest-sites within the area. Most pairs had at least two brood attempts and up to four were recorded. On average breeding pairs laid 4.63 eggs per brood, with a decreasing brood size later in the season. Breeding performance was not related to the nest-site characteristics with the exception of nest height above the ground, which had a positive influence on nesting success. The breeding performance of Woodchat Shrikes was relatively low compared to other studies, particularly when considering fledging success. Nest predation was likely a predominant cause for nest failures here; however, breeding pairs were able to substantially increase their breeding success with replacement broods. Compared to the low nesting success, the post-fledging survival was relatively high, indicating much higher predation pressure on nests compared to fledglings.
TGFβ signalling pathway impacts brain metastases profiles in locally advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Jacob Sven , Balonov Ilja , Jurinovic Vindi , Heiliger Christian , Tschaidse Tengis , Kumbrink Jörg , Kirchner Thomas , Werner Jens , Angele Martin K. , Michl Marlies , Neumann Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) represents the third most common type of cancer in Germany and the second most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Distant metastases are still the main limit for patient survival. While liver metastases as well as peritoneal carcinomatosis can often either be resected or treated with systemic therapy, little options remain for brain metastases. Additionally, a number of studies has already investigated hepatic, peritoneal, pulmonary as well as continuing distant metastases in colorectal cancer. Yet, with respect to tumor biology and brain metastases, little is known so far.

Material and methods
Two cohorts, M0 without distant spread and BRA with brain metastases were build. RNA was isolated from paraffin embedded specimen. Gene expression was performed by an RNA NanoString-Analysis using the nCounter® PanCancer Progression Panel by NanoString-Technologies (Hamburg, Germany). Results were analysed by principal component analysis, gene expression and pathway analysis using commonly available databases such as KEGG as benchmark for comparison.

Results
We were able to determine a gene signature that provides a sophisticated group separation between M0 and BRA using principal component analysis. All genes with strong loading characteristics on principal component 1 were cross-referenced with the subsequently performed accurate gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The GSEA revealed a clear dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway in compared cohorts M0 and BRA. Interestingly, the targeted pathways analysis of the identified genes confirmed that in fact almost all strong loading genes of PC1 play a role in the TGFβ pathway.

Conclusion
Our results suggest the TGFβ pathway as a crucial player in the development of brain metastases in primary CRC. In some types of colorectal cancer, downregulation of the TGFβ pathway might hinder primary colorectal cancer to metastasize to the nervous system. While the paradoxical functioning of the TGFβ pathway is still not fully understood, these shed light on yet another clinical implication of this complex pathway.
Binary quantification and dataset shift: an experimental investigation
Authors: González Pablo , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantification is the supervised learning task that consists of training predictors of the class prevalence values of sets of unlabelled data, and is of special interest when the labelled data on which the predictor has been trained and the unlabelled data are not IID, i.e., suffer from dataset shift. To date, quantification methods have mostly been tested only on a special case of dataset shift, i.e., prior probability shift; the relationship between quantification and other types of dataset shift remains, by and large, unexplored. In this work we carry out an experimental analysis of how current quantification algorithms behave under different types of dataset shift, in order to identify limitations of current approaches and hopefully pave the way for the development of more broadly applicable methods. We do this by proposing a fine-grained taxonomy of types of dataset shift, by establishing protocols for the generation of datasets affected by these types of shift, and by testing existing quantification methods on the datasets thus generated. One finding that results from this investigation is that many existing quantification methods that had been found robust to prior probability shift are not necessarily robust to other types of dataset shift. A second finding is that no existing quantification method seems to be robust enough to dealing with all the types of dataset shift we simulate in our experiments. The code needed to reproduce all our experiments is publicly available at https://github.com/pglez82/quant_datasetshift.
Understanding the user perception of digital nudging in platform interface design
Authors: Hettler Fabia Marie , Schumacher Jan-Philip , Anton Eduard , Eybey Berna , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGiven the nascent understanding of user perceptions toward digital nudges in e-commerce, our study examines key factors: perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust, and privacy risks. Via an online experiment of 273 participants, we examined the influence of digital nudging interventions – social norms, defaults, and scarcity warnings – against a control group. Employing descriptive and inferential statistics, notable trust variations were found between default and scarcity warning groups versus controls. To assess these findings, we interviewed 11 information systems and psychology experts. This research enriches our understanding of digital nudges in e-commerce and provides design insights. Theoretical implications span from providing propositions in order to enhance user involvement, conducting narrative accompanying research, analyzing diverse time points of nudging. Practical implications focus on emphasizing to users their choice autonomy and the highlighting that defaults and scarcity warnings are designed to mitigate inherent heuristics and biases for combining nudging with boosting elements.
Emerging Frontiers in Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Safavi Farshad , Olikkal Parthan , Pei Dingyi , Kamal Sadia , Meyerson Helen , Penumalee Varsha , Vinjamuri Ramana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEffective interactions between humans and robots are vital to achieving shared tasks in collaborative processes. Robots can utilize diverse communication channels to interact with humans, such as hearing, speech, sight, touch, and learning. Our focus, amidst the various means of interactions between humans and robots, is on three emerging frontiers that significantly impact the future directions of human–robot interaction (HRI): (i) human–robot collaboration inspired by human–human collaboration, (ii) brain-computer interfaces, and (iii) emotional intelligent perception. First, we explore advanced techniques for human–robot collaboration, covering a range of methods from compliance and performance-based approaches to synergistic and learning-based strategies, including learning from demonstration, active learning, and learning from complex tasks. Then, we examine innovative uses of brain-computer interfaces for enhancing HRI, with a focus on applications in rehabilitation, communication, brain state and emotion recognition. Finally, we investigate the emotional intelligence in robotics, focusing on translating human emotions to robots via facial expressions, body gestures, and eye-tracking for fluid, natural interactions. Recent developments in these emerging frontiers and their impact on HRI were detailed and discussed. We highlight contemporary trends and emerging advancements in the field. Ultimately, this paper underscores the necessity of a multimodal approach in developing systems capable of adaptive behavior and effective interaction between humans and robots, thus offering a thorough understanding of the diverse modalities essential for maximizing the potential of HRI.
COVID-19 and short-term housing: economic and social impacts and implications
Authors: Cui Jianqiang , Attard Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid spread of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) around the world since early 2020 has caused significant economic, social, psychological, and public health costs. The COVID-19 pandemic hit almost all economic sectors including the hospitality and tourism industry. This review paper examined the impacts of COVID-19 on short-term housing and the factors influencing these impacts. The existing literature reported generally negative effects of COVID-19 on the operating performance of the short-term accommodation industry. COVID-19 impacted on travellers’ perceptions, host-guest interactions and psychological well-being when choosing short-term accommodation. This review also provides implications for minimising the impacts of COVID-19 or similar future disruptive events on short-term accommodation operations and surviving the crisis in the short-term accommodation sector.
Individual and Contextual Correlates of Latent Bystander Profiles toward Racist Hate Speech: A Multilevel Person-centered Approach
Authors: Wachs Sebastian , Wettstein Alexander , Bilz Ludwig , Espelage Dorothy L. , Wright Michelle F. , Gámez-Guadix Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrior research into bystander responses to hate speech has utilized variable-centered analyses — such approaches risk simplifying the complex nature of bystander behaviors. Hence, the present study used a person-centered analysis to investigate latent hate speech bystander profiles. In addition, individual and classroom-level correlates associated with the various profiles were studied. The sample included 3225 students in grades 7–9 (51.7% self-identified as female; 37.2% with immigrant background) from 215 classrooms in Germany and Switzerland. The latent profile analysis revealed that four distinct profiles could be distinguished: Passive Bystanders (34.2%), Defenders (47.3%), Revengers (9.8%), and Contributors (8.6%). Multilevel logistic regression models showed common and distinct correlates. For example, students who believed that certain social groups are superior were more likely to be Revengers and Contributors than Passive Bystanders, students who felt more connected with teachers were more likely to be Defenders, and students who were more open to diversity were less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. Students were less likely Defenders and more likely Revengers and Contributors than Passive Bystanders in classrooms with high rates of hate speech perpetration. Further, in classrooms with high hate speech intervention, students were more likely to be Defenders and less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. In classrooms with stronger cohesion, students were more likely to be Defenders and less likely to be Contributors than Passive Bystanders. In conclusion, the findings add to our understanding of bystander profiles concerning racist hate speech and the relevance of individual and classroom-level factors in explaining various profiles of bystander behavior.