bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Copper(II) and Manganese(II) Compounds Constructed from 5‐Sulfoisophthalic Acid (H3SIP) and 2,2′‐Bipyridine (bpy) Ligands
Authors: Liu Qing‐Yan , Wang Yu‐Ling , Zhao Jun , Xu Li 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe compounds [Cu2(SIP‐O)(bpy)2(H2O)2]·7H2O (1) and [Mn(HSIP)(bpy)]n (2) were synthesized by the hydrothermal reactions of Cu(OH)2 or MnCl2, 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (NaH2SIP), and 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that the unprecedented hydroxylation of SIP3– catalyzed by Cu2+ occurs and produces the discrete SIP‐O4–‐bridged dicopper(II) compound 1. The hydrogen‐bonding association of the seven lattice water molecules of 1 leads to the formation of an unusual 2D‐layered water consisting of fused four‐ and sixteen‐membered water rings and a discrete water octamer consisting of a cyclic tetramer and four dangling water molecules. Compound 2 is a 3D coordination polymer and has two kinds of topologically equivalent 4‐connected nodes based on Mn2+ and HSIP2– with a rare (4.65) topology.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Characterization of Atrop­isomers Arising from 1,3‐Cyclohexanediones by Intermolecular Tandem‐Michael/Michael Additions
Authors: Luna Liliana E. , Seoane Gustavo , Cravero Raquel M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIntermolecular tandem‐Michael/Michael addition reactions of alkyne acceptors and CH‐acidic compounds such as 1,3‐cyclohexanedione (2a) and dimedone (2b) under L‐proline catalysis furnished four new products 1a–d with C2 axial chirality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Benzoxepine Esters as Precursors of the Wound‐Activated Chemical Defence of Mycena galopus
Authors: Peters Silke , Jaeger Robert J. R. , Spiteller Peter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe native precursors E/Z‐1a to E/Z‐1e and 2a–2e of the antifungally active benzoxepines E/Z‐1 and 2 have been isolated from intact fruiting bodies of Mycena galopus. These precursors turned out to be fatty acid esters of the benzoxepines (pterulones) E/Z‐1 and 2. Metabolic profiling of ethyl acetate extracts from intact fruiting bodies, from the latex and from mechanically wounded fruiting bodies revealed that the known antifungally active benzoxepines E/Z‐1 and the previously unknown benzoxepines 2 are only present in injured fruiting bodies. Intact fruiting bodies and the latex, however, exclusively contain the corresponding ester derivatives E/Z‐1a to E/Z‐1e and 2a–2e. Unlike the antifungally active benzoxepines E/Z‐1 and 2, the esters E/Z‐1a to E/Z‐1e present in intact fruiting bodies turned out to be inactive. Upon injury the inactive esters E/Z‐1a to E/Z‐1e are cleaved by a putative esterase, and the bioactive benzoxepines E/Z‐1 and 2 are released, suggesting a wound‐activated defence mechanism of M. galopus against yeasts and parasitic fungi. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Model for Light‐Triggered Porphyrin Anticancer Prodrugs Based on an o‐Nitrobenzyl Photolabile Group
Authors: Lin Weiying , Peng Daiwei , Wang Bin , Long Lingliang , Guo Cancheng , Yuan Jinbin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA model for light‐triggered porphyrin anticancer prodrug 1 was designed and synthesized. Upon photolysis, prodrug 1 can efficiently liberate the anticancer drug tegafur. The MTT assay demonstrates that prodrug 1 is significantly less toxic than its parent drug tegafur, and 1 can release tegafur upon photoactivation in vitro. The light‐triggered porphyrin anticancer prodrug technique developed herein may find useful applications in chemotherapy to minimize the side effects of anticancer drugs because of the tumor affinity property of porphyrin and the light‐controllable anticancer drug dosing. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Modulation of gene methylation by genistein or lycopene in breast cancer cells
Authors: King‐Batoon Audrey , Leszczynska Joanna M. , Klein Catherine B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDietary agents with chemopreventive potential, including soy‐derived genistein and tomato‐derived lycopene, have been shown to alter gene expression in ways that can either promote or potentially inhibit the carcinogenic processes. To begin to explore the mechanisms by which these agents may be acting we have examined the DNA methylation modulating capacity of genistein or lycopene for several genes relevant to breast cancer in the breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐468, as well as in immortalized but noncancer fibrocystic MCF10A breast cells. We find using methylation specific PCR (MSP) that a low, nontoxic concentration of genistein (3.125 μM, resupplemented every 48 hr for 1 week) or a single dose of lycopene (2 μM) partially demethylates the promoter of the GSTP1 tumor suppressor gene in MDA‐MB‐468 cells. RT‐PCR studies confirm a lack of GSTP1 expression in untreated MDA‐MB‐468, with restoration of GSTP1 expression after genistein or lycopene treatment. The RARβ2 gene however, was not demethylated by genistein or lycopene in either of these breast cancer cell lines. But, lycopene (2 μM, once per week for 2 weeks) did induce demethylation of RARβ2 and the HIN‐1 genes in the noncancer MCF10A fibrocystic breast cells. These data show for the first time that the tomato carotenoid lycopene has direct DNA demethylating activity. In summary, both genistein and lycopene, at very low, dietarily relevant concentrations can potentially mitigate tumorigenic processes via promoter methylation modulation of gene expression. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A finite volume‐based high‐order, Cartesian cut‐cell method for wave propagation
Authors: Popescu Mihaela , Vedder Rick , Shyy Wei 
Published: January 2008

AbstractComputational aeroacoustics requires numerical techniques capable of yielding low artificial dispersion and dissipation to preserve the amplitude and the frequency characteristics of the physical processes. Furthermore, for engineering applications, the techniques need to handle irregular geometries associated with realistic configurations. We address these issues by developing an optimized prefactored compact finite volume (OPC‐fv) scheme along with a Cartesian cut‐cell technique. The OPC‐fv scheme seeks to minimize numerical dispersion and dissipation while satisfying the conservation laws. The cut‐cell approach treats irregularly shaped boundaries using divide‐and‐merge procedures for the Cartesian cells while maintaining a desirable level of accuracy. We assess these techniques using several canonical test problems, involving different levels of physical and geometric complexities. Richardson extrapolation is an effective tool for evaluating solutions of no high gradients or discontinuities, and is used to evaluate the performance of the solution technique. It is demonstrated that while the cut‐cell method has a modest effect on the order of accuracy, it is a robust method. The combined OPC‐fv scheme and the Cartesian cut‐cell technique offer good accuracy as well as geometric flexibility. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A second‐order semi‐implicit hybrid scheme for one‐dimensional Boussinesq‐type waves in rectangular channels
Authors: Soares‐Frazão Sandra , Guinot Vincent 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA numerical procedure is proposed for the solution of the Boussinesq equations in rectangular channels over a horizontal bed. The Boussinesq equations account for non‐hydrostatic effects in free‐surface flows. The proposed approach is a predictor–corrector procedure where the hyperbolic part of the equations is treated using a higher‐order estimate of the variable slope of the Godunov‐type, MUSCL scheme. The proposed slope estimate is third‐order accurate on irregular grids and fourth‐order accurate on regular grids. The dispersive, non‐hydrostatic terms are treated using a semi‐implicit discretization. A stability analysis of the proposed predictor–corrector procedure shows that optimal accuracy is achieved when the implicitation parameter is set equal to 0.5. This analysis is confirmed by numerical experiments, whereby the propagation of a solitary wave and the development of an undular bore are reproduced and compared successfully with the available analytical solutions. The proposed method is shown to be of a good level of accuracy without being too sensitive to the numerical parameters. Its applicability in practical problems is illustrated by a comparison with laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified propagators of parareal in time algorithm and application to Princeton Ocean model
Authors: Liu Yueming , Hu Jianwei 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, two modified propagators of parareal in time algorithm are presented and applied to the Princeton Ocean model (POM). The parareal algorithm was pioneered by Lions et al. (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 2001; 332:661–668) and later improved in a paper by Bal and Maday (Proceedings of the Workshop on Domain Decomposition, Zurich, Switzerland, Lecture Notes in Computer Science and Engineering Series, vol. 23. Springer: Berlin, 2002). Alternative formulations have also been presented, where the parallel in time algorithm proposed by Farhat and Chandesris (Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 2003; 58:1397–1434) is the most important one. This algorithm enables parallel computation using a decomposition of the interval of time integration. Solutions are obtained sequentially on the coarse time grid and on the fine time grid in parallel. A practical problem for the Bohai Sea is calculated on the supercomputer cluster Nankai Stars. The properties of the modified propagators are analyzed in this paper. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stable pressure‐correction scheme for variable density flows involving non‐premixed combustion
Authors: Rauwoens P. , Vierendeels J. , Merci B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn efficient time‐accurate algorithm is presented for numerical simulations of low‐Mach number variable density flows in the context of non‐premixed flames. The algorithm is based on a segregated solution formalism in the class of pressure‐correction methods. It shows good conservation properties and returns stable results, regardless of the difference in density between neighboring cells. A simplified Burke–Schumann flame model is used to describe the heat release due to mixing of fuel and oxidizer. The convergence rate of the method is discussed for a 1D channel flow, containing fuel and oxidizer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ovca1, a candidate gene of the genetic modifier of Tp53, Mop2, affects mouse embryonic lethality
Authors: Liang Min , Ayanga Bernard , Du Shuhua , Godwin Andrew K. , Hartsock Jennifer K. , Evans Susan C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this study, we show genetic modifier genes of Tp53 that can exacerbate embryonic abnormalities. Using a mouse model in which CE/J mice were crossed with the Tp53‐null 129/Sv (129‐Trp53tm1 Tyj) mice, a subset of Tp53+/− and −/− male and female embryos died during gestation. Our hypothesis, based on the genotypes of survivors, is that two genetic modifiers and a Tp53 null allele lead to an increase in embryonic lethality. We previously identified a recessive modifier (Mop1) from CE/J mice on chromosome 11 centromeric to Tp53. We have uncovered a dominant modifier (Mop2) from 129/Sv mice telomeric to Tp53. We discovered a polymorphic change (321P→321S) of Ovca1 within the Mop2 locus of CE/J mice. This polymorphism increased both mRNA and protein levels of OVCA1 in various tissues. CE/J primary cells cultured from different tissues proliferated more rapidly than 129/Sv cells. In addition, CE/J cells cycled while 129/Sv cells had a higher arrest in the G1 phase. Transfection of Ovca1 containing the 321P polymorphism into CE/J cells caused a higher G1 arrest. The pattern of OVCA1 expression also changed from being diffuse throughout the cytoplasm in 129/Sv cells to being punctuate in the cytoplasm of CE/J cells. Tp53+/− abnormal embryos had more proliferating cells than normal embryos, but no obvious difference in differentiated neuronal cells. Tp53−/− small embryos had less differentiated neuronal cells and proliferating cells than normal embryos. Thus, a polymorphism of Ovca1, combined with Mop1, genetically modifies embryonic lethality in Tp53 deficient mice. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toddlers' use of cues in a search task
Authors: Keen Rachel , Berthier Neil , Sylvia Monica R. , Butler Samantha , Prunty Patricia K. , Baker Rachel K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSearch for a ball that has undergone hidden motion rapidly improves during the second year of life (Dev. Psychol., 2000; 36:394–401). In three experiments we investigated whether the poor performance of younger toddlers was due to attentional failure by highlighting the major cue for the hidden object. We observed only slight improvement in search behaviour. We performed two other experiments that tested the depth of understanding of 3‐year‐olds in this task and found that their performance was robust to changes in the apparatus and experimental procedures. Overall, the results point to a rapidly developing ability in the second year of life to either reason about space or select the correct motor response in search tasks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple mathematical model for optimisation of rainwater storage reservoirs in the Cholistan desert
Authors: Kahlown Muhammad Akram , Majeed Abdul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe cost of constructing storage reservoirs in Cholistan was studied using a mathematical model. The variables studied were reservoir side slope and depth, seepage, evaporation and capacity of the reservoir. After computing the reservoir dimensions to store the required 15 140 m3, a full reservoir was assumed starting from 1 August of the year. The depth and quantity of water stored were then depleted by use, evaporation and seepage by the month. In this manner, the length of time that water would be available was computed. The study showed that under general conditions a 3 m deep reservoir would be depleted by December or January, a 4.6 m deep reservoir would be depleted by March or April and a 6 m deep reservoir would be depleted by April or May. Only a 7.6 or 9 m deep reservoir would contain water for a whole year provided that both seepage and evaporation are controlled. The recommended reservoir dimensions are 6 m deep with 1 : 2 or 1 : 3 side slopes, as these give minimum cost plus better water availability. The cost with the recommended optimal dimension was US$6 per m3 with good seepage and evaporation control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro cytotoxicity, hemolysis assay, and biodegradation behavior of biodegradable poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) nanoparticles as potential drug carriers
Authors: Chen Cheng , Cheng Yin Chung , Yu Chung Him , Chan Shun Wan , Cheung Man Ken , Yu Peter H. F. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNanoparticles based on amorphous poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB‐PEG‐PHB) are potential drug delivery vehicles, and so their cytotoxicity and hemolysis assay were investigated in vitro using two kinds of animal cells. The PHB‐PEG‐PHB nanoparticles showed excellent biocompatibility and had no cytotoxicity on animal cells, even when the concentrations of the PHB‐PEG‐PHB nanoparticle dispersions were increased to 120 μg/mL. Moreover, no hemolysis was detected with the PHB‐PEG‐PHB nanoparticles, suggesting that the PHB‐PEG‐PHB nanoparticles were obviously much hemocompatible for drug delivery applications. In the presence of intracellular enzyme esterase, the biocompatible PHB‐PEG‐PHB nanoparticles might be hydrolyzed, and their biodegradable behavior was monitored by the fluorescence spectrum and the pH meter. The initial biodegradation rate of the PHB‐PEG‐PHB nanoparticles was closely related to the enzymatic amount and the PHB block length. Compared with that obtained from the fluorescence determination, the initial biodegradation rate from pH measurement was faster. The biodegraded products mainly consisted of 3HB monomer and dimer, which were the metabolites present in the body. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 87A: 290–298, 2008
Heparin dopant increases the electrical stability, cell adhesion, and growth of conducting polypyrrole/poly(L,L‐lactide) composites
Authors: Meng Shiyun , Rouabhia Mahmoud , Shi Guixin , Zhang Ze 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) is a promising conductive polymer for tissue engineering and bioelectrical applications. However, its electrical conductivity deteriorates easily in aqueous conditions. Cell adhesion to PPy is also relatively poor. The goal of this study was to simultaneously improve the electrical stability of and cell adhesion to PPy by using heparin (HE) as dopant, for HE is both a polyanion and an important glycosaminoglycan in cell membranes and extracellular matrix. PPy particles doped with HE were synthesized through emulsion polymerization using Fenton's reagent as an oxidant. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the PPy particles. Conductive biodegradable membranes of 102 to 103 Ω/square were prepared from 5% (w) PPy with various amounts of HE and 95% (w) poly(L,L‐lactide) (PPy/PLLA). Azure A staining was employed to quantify the HE exposed on the surface of the PPy particles and PPy/PLLA membranes. The distribution of HE on membranes was demonstrated by DAPI staining. Results showed that HE was incorporated into the PPy particles as counterions and presented on particle surface. A unique “filament”‐like morphology of the PPy preparation was observed at high‐HE content. The electrical stability of the PPy/PLLA membranes was tested in saline at 37°C for 500 h. Human skin fibroblasts were used to test the cell adhesion capacity. The conductive membranes containing HE‐doped PPy particles recorded significantly increased electrical stability, cell adhesion, and growth. The electrically more stable and cell adhesive conductive biodegradable membrane may act as a platform for various biomedical applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Orthotopic bone formation by implantation of apatite‐coated poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)/hydroxyapatite composite particulates and bone morphogenetic protein‐2
Authors: Kim Sang‐Soo , Gwak So‐Jung , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most potent osteoinductive growth factors. However, a delivery system is essential to take advantage of the osteoinductive effect of BMPs. In the present study, we tested the suitability of apatite‐coated poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) particulates as carriers for the controlled release of BMP‐2. The release of BMP‐2 from apatite‐coated PLGA/HA particulates was sustained for at least 4 weeks in vitro. A delivery system of apatite‐coated PLGA/HA particulates suspended in fibrin gel further slowed the BMP‐2 release rate. In vivo implantation of either Fibrin gel + BMP‐2 or Fibrin gel + apatite‐coated PLGA/HA particulates showed enhanced new bone formation in critical‐sized calvarial defects of rats 8 weeks after implantation, compared to implantation of fibrin gel only. Importantly, new bone formation was much higher in the defects treated with BMP‐2 delivery using apatite‐coated PLGA/HA particulates in fibrin gel (Fibrin gel + PLGA/HA + BMP‐2 group) than in the defects treated either with apatite‐coated PLGA/HA particulates in fibrin gel (Fibrin gel + BMP‐2 group) or with BMP‐2 delivery using fibrin gel alone (Fibrin gel + BMP‐2 group). BMP‐2 and osteoinductive HA had an additive effect on orthotopic bone formation. In conclusion, the apatite‐coated PLGA/HA particulates showed good results as carriers for BMP‐2. The BMP‐2 delivery system showed high osteogenic capability in a rat calvarial bone defect model. The local and sustained delivery system for BMP‐2 developed in this study may be useful as a carrier for BMP‐2 and would enhance bone regeneration efficacy for the treatment of large bone defects. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Overcoming muscle atrophy in a hibernating mammal despite prolonged disuse in dormancy: Proteomic and molecular assessment
Authors: Lee Kisoo , Park Joo Young , Yoo Woojae , Gwag Taesik , Lee Ju‐Woon , Byun Myung‐Woo , Choi Inho 
Published: January 2008

AbstractProlonged disuse of skeletal muscle causes significant loss of myofibrillar contents, muscle tension, and locomotory capacity. However, hibernating mammals like bats appear to deviate from this trend. Although low functional demands during winter dormancy has been implicated as a factor contributing to reduced muscle loss, the precise mechanism that actively prevents muscle atrophy remains unclear. We explored proteomic and molecular assessments of bat muscle to test a hypothesis that expression levels of major myofibrillar proteins are retained during hibernation, with periodic arousals utilized as a potential mechanism to prevent disuse atrophy. We examined changes in myofibrillar contents and contractile properties of the pectoral or biceps brachii muscles of the batMurina leucogasterin summer active (SA), hibernation (HB) and early phase of arousal (AR) states. We found the bat muscles did not show any sign of atrophy or tension reduction over the 3‐month winter dormancy. Levels of most sarcomeric and metabolic proteins examined were maintained through hibernation, with some proteins (e.g., actin and voltage dependent anion channel 1) 1.6‐ to 1.8‐fold upregulated in HB and AR compared to SA. Moreover, expression levels of six heat shock proteins (HSPs) including glucose‐regulated protein 75 precursor were similar among groups, while the level of HSP70 was even 1.7‐fold higher in HB and AR than in SA. Thus, considering the nature of arousal with strenuous muscle shivering and heat stress, upregulation or at least balanced regulation of the chaperones (HSPs) would contribute to retaining muscle properties during prolonged disuse of the bat. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 642–656, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regucalcin increases Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the mitochondria of brain tissues of normal and transgenic rats
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayoshi , Takakura Yusei , Nakagawa Taeko 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe role of regucalcin, which is a regulatory protein in intracellular signaling, in the regulation of Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the mitochondria of brain tissues was investigated. The addition of regucalcin (10−10 to 10−8 M), which is a physiologic concentration in rat brain tissues, into the enzyme reaction mixture containing 25 µM calcium chloride caused a significant increase in Ca2+‐ATPase activity, while it did not significantly change in Mg2+‐ATPase activity. The effect of regucalcin (10−9 M) in increasing mitochondrial Ca2+‐ATPase activity was completely inhibited in the presence of ruthenium red (10−7 M) or lanthanum chloride (10−7 M), both of which are inhibitors of mitochondrial uniporter activity. Whether the effect of regucalcin is modulated in the presence of calmodulin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DcAMP) was examined. The effect of regucalcin (10−9 M) in increasing Ca2+‐ATPase activity was not significantly enhanced in the presence of calmodulin (2.5 µg/ml) which significantly increased the enzyme activity. DcAMP (10−6 to 10−4 M) did not have a significant effect on Ca2+‐ATPase activity. The effect of regucalcin (10−9 M) in increasing Ca2+‐ATPase activity was not seen in the presence of DcAMP (10−4 M). Regucalcin levels were significantly increased in the brain tissues or the mitochondria obtained from regucalcin transgenic (RC TG) rats. The mitochondrial Ca2+‐ATPase activity was significantly increased in RC TG rats as compared with that of wild‐type rats. This study demonstrates that regucalcin has a role in the regulation of Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the brain mitochondria of rats. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 795–804, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.