bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON NEAR EXACT BANACH FRAMES IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: JAIN P. K. , KAUSHIK S. K. , GUPTA NISHA 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNear exact Banach frames are introduced and studied, and examples demonstrating the existence of near exact Banach frames are given. Also, a sufficient condition for a Banach frame to be near exact is obtained. Further, we consider block perturbation of retro Banach frames, and prove that a block perturbation of a retro Banach frame is also a retro Banach frame. Finally, it is proved that if E and F are both Banach spaces having Banach frames, then the product space E×F has an exact Banach frame.
Population fluctuations of light-attracted chrysomelid beetles in relation to supra-annual environmental changes in a Bornean rainforest
Authors: Kishimoto-Yamada K. , Itioka T. , Sakai S. , Momose K. , Nagamitsu T. , Kaliang H. , Meleng P. , Chong L. , Hamid Karim A.A. , Yamane S. , Kato M. , Reid C.A.M. , Nakashizuka T. , Inoue T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn Southeast Asian tropical rainforests, two events, severe droughts associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and general flowering, a type of community-wide mass flowering, occur at irregular, supra-annual intervals. The relationship between these two supra-annual events and patterns of insect population fluctuations has yet to be clearly elucidated. Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) are major herbivores and flower-visitors of canopy trees, affecting their growth and reproduction and, in turn, affected by tree phenology; but their population fluctuations in the Southeast Asian tropics have not been extensively investigated. We examined population fluctuation patterns of the 34 most dominant chrysomelid species in relation to the two supra-annual events by conducting monthly light-trapping over seven years in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Borneo. Our results showed large community variation in population fluctuation patterns and a supra-annual (between-year) variation in abundance for most of the dominant chrysomelids that was significantly larger than the annual (within-year) variation. Specifically, in response to a severe drought in 1998, chrysomelid species exhibited different population responses. These results show that population fluctuations of individual species, rather than the entire assemblage, must be analyzed to determine the effects of changes in environmental conditions on the structure of insect assemblages in the tropics, especially in regions where supra-annual environmental changes are relatively more important than seasonal changes.
ASSOCIATION OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS WITH SUCCESSFUL AGEING: DIFFERENCES IN THE COMPONENTS OF SUCCESSFUL AGEING
Authors: JANG SOONG-NANG , CHOI YONG-JUN , KIM DONG-HYUN 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThis study sought to determine which factors among the indicators of socioeconomic status have the most influence on physical, mental and social functions, and on subjective well-being, all of which are components of successful ageing. A representative random sample of 1825 persons aged 65 years or older was surveyed by face-to-face interview. Socioeconomic status was measured by educational level, family household income, personal income and property ownership. The factors measured were chronic diseases, activities of daily living (ADL) for physical functioning, history of mental disease, Mini-Mental Status Examination questionnaire (MMSE) scores for mental functioning, social activity participation per week for social functioning, and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGCMS) for subjective well-being. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Education level was the most important factor in physical and mental functioning, whereas personal income was the most important in social functioning. Educational level, household income and personal income were significantly associated with subjective well-being as assessed by PGCMS scores. Subjects who demonstrated successful ageing were more likely to have a higher education and higher personal income. The results point to the importance of focusing on disparities in each component of successful ageing, which may point to appropriate health-promotion strategies for eliminating inequality in successful ageing.
Temperature measurement of warm-dense-matter generated by intense heavy-ion beams
Authors: Ni P.A. , Kulish M.I. , Mintsev V. , Nikolaev D.N. , Ternovoi V.Ya. , Hoffmann D.H.H. , Udrea S. , Hug A. , Tahir N.A. , Varentsov D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a fast multi-channel radiation pyrometer that was developed for warm dense-matter experiments with intense heavy ion beams at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI). The pyrometer is capable of measuring brightness temperatures from 2000 K to 50,000 K, at six wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum, with 5 ns temporal resolution, and several micrometers spatial resolution. The pyrometer's spectral discrimination technique is based on interference filters, which also act as mirrors to allow for simultaneous spectral discrimination of the same ray at multiple wavelengths.
On the Number of Distinct Terms in the Expansion of Symmetric and Skew Determinants
Authors: Aitken A. C. 
Published: October 2008

The expansion of the symmetric determinantis familiar. It is of six terms; but one term, fgh, is duplicated, and so there are five distinct terms. If we ascertain the number un of distinct terms in the expansions of symmetric determinants of increasing order, we find the following sequence of values, for n = 0, 1, 2, …,where by convention u0 = 1.
A note on rectifiable curves
Authors: Newns W. F. 
Published: October 2008

Let f be a continuous complex-valued function of a real parameter whose real and imaginary parts are of bounded variation in the range (a, b) of the parameter, so that the range of f is a rectifiable plane curve. The main results connecting the arc-length s with the parametrization are as follows:Theorem 1 (Tonelli). For any rectifiable curve,equality holding for all α, β (a ≤ α < β ≤ b) if and only if f is absolutely continuous in (a, b).
A further note on differentials
Authors: Phillips E. G. 
Published: October 2008

Since the publication of my article on “The advantage of differentials in the technique of differentiation” both Dr H. A. Hayden and Prof. A. Oppenheim have kindly pointed out to me that there is a much shorter solution of the problem by partial derivatives than the one which I gave as Solution 2. The solution is as follows:—If y and z are the independent variables we have, sincewhich gives the result required.
Some properties of the line of striction of a ruled surface
Authors: Behari Ram 
Published: October 2008

1. It is known that(i) the line of striction of a ruled surface is the locus of points at which the geodesic curvatures of the orthogonal trajectories of the generators vanish,(ii) if at each point of a curve C on a surface, a tangent to the surface is drawn, and these tangents generate a ruled surface of which C is the line of striction, then, if each tangent is turned through a constant angle α about its point of contact in the tangent plane, the new set of tangents also form a ruled surface with C as a line of striction.
Some problems of non-associative combinations (2)
Authors: Erdelyi A. , Etherington I. M. H. 
Published: October 2008

§ 1. The preceding Note has shown the connection between the partition of a convex polygon by non-crossing diagonals and the insertion of brackets in a product, the latter being more commonly represented by the construction of a tree. It was shown that the enumeration of these entities leads to a generating function y = f(x) which satisfies an algebraic equation of the typeIn simple cases, the solution of the equation was found as a power series in x, the coefficient An of xn giving the required number of partitions of an (n + 1)-gon.
On isoptic families of curves
Authors: Richmond H. W. 
Published: October 2008

1. Imagine that a number of straight lines, coplanar and concurrent, are united so as to form as it were a rigid frame. Imagine that this frame is moved (continuously) in the plane in such a way that two selected lines always touch two cycloids traced in the plane. Then it will be found thatEvery line of the frame will move so as to envelope a cycloid.
A note on an identity of Jacobi's
Authors: Walls Nancy 
Published: October 2008

That the determinant where hr is the rth complete homogeneous symmetric function in a set of n arguments, is equal to the quotient of a particular pair of alternants was shown essentially by Jacobi in 1841 and by Trudi in 1864. The present note exhinits this well-know relation, (3), as the immediate consequence of a simple matrix equality.
Some series for π
Authors: Walsh C. E. 
Published: October 2008

Consider three sequences αn, Dn, kn (n = 1, 2, 3,…), such that Dnan→0 and, for n > 1,Then Hence, writing Σ for ,if either series converges. This will be applied to derive various series for π from the two known results1,where Nn = 3. 5. ….(2n + 1).
Expression of calcium-binding proteins in pathways from the nucleus of the basal optic root to the cerebellum in pigeons
Authors: WYLIE DOUGLAS R.W. , PAKAN JANELLE M.P. , GUTIÉRREZ-IBÁÑEZ CRISTIÁN , IWANIUK ANDREW N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCalcium-binding protein expression has proven useful in delineating neural pathways. For example, in birds, calbindin is strongly expressed in the tectofugal pathway, whereas parvalbumin (PV) is strongly expressed in the thalamofugal pathway. Whether neurons within other visual regions also differentially express calcium-binding proteins, however, has not been extensively studied. The nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) is a retinal-recipient nucleus that is critical for the generation of the optokinetic response. The nBOR projects to the cerebellum both directly and indirectlyviathe inferior olive (IO). The cerebellar and IO projections originate from different neurons within the nBOR, but whether they can also be differentiated based on calcium-binding protein expression is unknown. In this study, we combined retrograde neuronal tracing from the cerebellum and IO with fluorescent immunohistochemistry for PV and calretinin (CR) in the nBOR of pigeons. We found that about half (52.3%) of the cerebellar-projecting neurons were CR+ve, and about one-third (33.6%) were PV+ve. Most (90%) of these PV+ve cells were also labeled for CR. In contrast, very few of the IO-projecting neurons expressed CR or PV (≤2%). Thus, the direct nBOR–cerebellar and indirect nBOR–olivocerebellar pathways to the cerebellum can be distinguished based on the differential expression of CR and PV.
Nature, nurture, and psychopathology: A new look at an old topic
Authors: Rutter Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe important implications for developmental psychopathology that derive from advances in psychiatric and behavioral genetics are discussed in relation to a series of mistaken stereotypes: that strong effects mean that environmental influences must be unimportant; that genes provide a limit to potential; that genetic strategies are of no value for studying environmental influences; that nature and nurture are separate; that genes for serious diseases are necessarily bad; that diseases have nothing to do with normal variation; that genetic findings will not help identify diseases; that genetic influences diminish with age; that disorders that run in families must be genetic; that disorders that seem not to run in families cannot be genetic; and that single major genes lead only to specific rare diseases that follow a Mendelian pattern. The reasons why these stereotypes are mistaken are considered in relation to genetic concepts and findings.
Autistic children understand seeing and wanting
Authors: Tan Jacinta , Harris Paul L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAutistic children were assessed for their understanding of seeing and wanting. In Experiment 1, they judged whether a target was visible to each of two observers (a Level 1 task of visual perspective-taking) and which of two targets each observer would identify as “in front” (a Level 2 task). The autistic children performed as well as normal children of the same verbal mental age on both tasks. In Experiment 2, autistic children identified the emotion that familiar situations would elicit, expressed a selective preference or desire, and reidentified that desire despite an outcome that thwarted it. Their performance was similar to that of normal and retarded children equated for verbal mental age. An explanation is offered for autistic children's difficulty on some psychological tasks and their relative success on others.
Noncompliant behavior, overactivity, and family stress as predictors of negative maternal control with preschool children
Authors: Campbell Susan B. , Pierce Elizabeth W. , March Cynthia L. , Ewing Linda J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe independent contributions of preschool children's noncompliance and overactivity/inattention and measures of family stress to the prediction of negative maternal control were examined in two cohorts of children. In Cohort 1, children's noncompliant and hyperactive behavior each predicted more negative maternal control, whereas in Cohort 2, the interaction between noncompliance and overactivity was predictive of particularly high levels of negative control. In Cohort 2, stressful life events, maternal depression, and marital distress were also associated with negative maternal control. Stressful life events interacted with noncompliance indicating that the combination of a difficult child and a high level of family stress exacerbated the tendency of mothers of preschool children to exert negative control to gain compliance. Results indicate that factors external to the mother-child relationship exert an independent influence on maternal behavior.
Intelligence and social competence among high-risk adolescents
Authors: Luthar Suniya S. , Zigler Edward 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInteractions between intelligence and psychosocial factors were examined in terms of influences on social competence among 144 inner-city ninth-grade students. Psychosocial variables examined included ego development, locus of control, and positive and negative life events. Definitions of social competence were based on peer ratings, teacher ratings, and school grades. Results indicated that, unlike their less intelligent peers, intelligent youngsters showed higher competence levels at high versus low levels of both ego development and internal locus of control. Findings were interpreted in the context of sociocultural influences on academic achievement among disadvantaged adolescents.
Functional deficits in the self and depression in widows
Authors: Gentile Jill , Cicchetti Dante , O'Brien Ruth A. , Rogosch Fred A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study addressed the role of deficits in the organization of the self, or narcissistic pathology, among widows who evidenced depressive outcomes following the loss of their husbands. The significance of object representations and self-regulatory capacities (introjects) within the self-representation in predicting psychiatric status in a sample of 77 widows 1 year after spousal loss was examined. In addition, the link between functional deficits within the self and observable state markers of such deficits as they related to depression was investigated. A combination of projective and self-report measures were used to assess self and object representation. The General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.) (Spitzer & Williams, 1985) were employed as measures of psychiatric disorder. Analyses revealed that functional aspects of self representations, or introjects, differentiated clinically depressed widows from those experiencing “normal” mourning. However, object representations were relatively weak predictors of depression following bereavement and evidenced little association with self representation. Observable markers of self-pathology were strongly related to functional impairments in the self but did not operate causally to predict depressive outcome. Theoretical and clinical implications of the linkage between functional deficits in the self and depression are discussed.
Bridging the gap between interpersonal thought and action in early adolescence: The role of psychodynamic processes
Authors: Schultz Lynn Hickey , Selman Robert L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study examines the relations among style and development level of four interpersonal and intrapsychic processes: interpersonal thought, self-reported interpersonal action, mechanisms of defense, and object representation. Subjects were 25 girls and 25 boys from the eighth grade of an urban public school System. All four constructs were measured along developmental and stylistic dimensions. Both interpersonal thought and self-reported action processes were measured with the hypothetical and real-life interpersonal negotiation strategies interviews of Selman and colleagues. Defensive process was measured with a questionnaire revised to include Vaillant's developmental analysis of defense mechanisms as well as assessment of style of defense (internalizing vs. externalizing). Object representation style and level were measured with constructs and instruments of Blatt and colleagues. The results supported the main hypothesis: Levels of defense mechanisms and object representation independently predicted level of self-reported interpersonal action, even when controlling for level of interpersonal thought (which also predicted action). This suggests that if there are gaps between interpersonal thought and action levels, the relative level of maturity of psychodynamic processes helps explain action level. In contrast, there were few relationships among the stylistic components of the four constructs, although each style construct was related to its associated level construct. Contrary to hypotheses, no gender differences were found on any of the composited level or style variables. The study suggests operational links between structural-developmental and psychodynamic aspects of personality.
Developmental antecedents of sexual aggression
Authors: Prentky R. A. , Knight R. A. , Sims-Knight J. E. , Straus H. , Rokous F. , Cerce D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this study, 82 sex offenders incarcerated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center were administered a brief structured clinical interview focusing on caregiver and institutional history up to age 18. Interview data were examined along with archival information coded from the clinical files. Four factors were derived from principal components analysis and were entered into a series of multiple regression analyses. There were two noteworthy results. First, sexual and nonsexual aggression in adulthood each were related to distinct aspects of developmental history. Whereas caregiver inconstancy and sexual deviation in the family wére related to the severity of sexual aggression, childhood and juvenile institutional history and physical abuse and neglect were associated with severity of nonsexual aggression. Second, contrary to previous studies of other criminal populations, the severity of aggression rather than frequency of crimes was predicted by developmental history. The results of the study suggest that childhood experiences with and disruption of caregiver relationships may be important to understanding sexual aggression in adulthood.
On sharing experiences
Authors: Hobson R. Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMundy and Sigman (1989) note that a problem arises in reconciling the existence of joint-attention deficits in autism with Leslie's (1987) theory that autistic children lack an innate, late-appearingmetarepresentational capacity. Such a theory fails to encompass earlier rooted and perhaps more basic manifestations of autistic children's impairments in interpersonal coordination and intersubjective communication. The account provided by Mundy and Sigman, while promising, fails to address a critical question: How is it that autistic children have limited understanding that other people are subjects of experience with whom things can be shared? 1 suggest that an answer emerges only when we pay due regard to the nature of normal and autistic interpersonal relations. Here the authors' cognitive-behavioral analysis of affective exchanges between people leaves out the heart (and much of the mind) of the matter.
Family deviance and family disruption in childhood: Associations with maternal behavior and infant maltreatment during the first two years of life
Authors: Lyons-Ruth Karlen , Zoll David , Connell David , Grunebaum Henry U. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA structured childhood history interview was administered to 50 low-income mothers of infants. Three levels of risk for infant maltreatment were represented in the sample, including 10 maltreatment cases. Maternal behavior at home was rated and factor analyzed when the infants were 12 months and 18 months old, yielding separate factors labelled maternal involvement and hostile-intrusiveness. Risk for maltreatment was strongly correlated with the overall adversity of the mother's childhood history. Maternal hostile-intrusive behavior was best accounted for by psychiatric disorder in the mother's own mother and poor peer relationships in childhood. Maternal involvement was negatively associated with a separate cluster of variables indexing family disruption and lack of supervision. The emergence of two separate clusters of associations — positive affective involvement and negative affective involvement — is related to similar two-dimensional results in studies of self-reported mood, infant attachment relationships, and peer relationships. Implications of a two-dimensional affective construct for future theorizing in developmental psychopathology are discussed.
Stability of internalizing symptoms from kindergarten to first grade and factors related to instability
Authors: Pianta Robert C. , Castaldi Joanna 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis research examines the frequency and stability of internalizing symptoms in a sample of 325 5-year-olds. Parent and teacher ratings, teacher nominations, parent-child interaction, and child measures were obtained. Of the sample, 4% were nominated as depressed by teachers. With the use of cutoff scores on teacher ratings, an average of 17% of the children were rated as having moderate problems on the internalizing scale in November and April of kindergarten, and in February of first grade. Parent-teacher stability correlations ranged from .24 to .27, while teacher ratings from November and April correlated at .60. Instability in internalizing symptoms from kindergarten to first grade was related to a number of concurrent and previously assessed factors, most notably, attention problems, reliance on mother, and child intelligence. These factors combined to account for an additional 8% of the variance in first grade internalizing symptoms after controlling for internalizing symptoms in kindergarten.