bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based selection of theories for designing behaviour change interventions: Using methods based on theoretical construct domains to understand clinicians' blood transfusion behaviour
Authors: Francis Jill J. , Stockton Charlotte , Eccles Martin P. , Johnston Marie , Cuthbertson Brian H. , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Hyde Chris , Tinmouth Alan , Stanworth Simon J. 
Published: January 2009

Background Many theories of behaviour are potentially relevant to predictive and intervention studies but most studies investigate a narrow range of theories. Michie et al. (2005) agreed 12 ‘theoretical domains’ from 33 theories that explain behaviour change. They developed a ‘Theoretical Domains Interview’ (TDI) for identifying relevant domains for specific clinical behaviours, but the framework has not been used for selecting theories for predictive studies. It was used here to investigate clinicians' transfusion behaviour in intensive care units (ICU). Evidence suggests that red blood cells transfusion could be reduced for some patients without reducing quality of care.Objectives (1) To identify the domains relevant to transfusion practice in ICUs and neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), using the TDI. (2) To use the identified domains to select appropriate theories for a study predicting transfusion behaviour.Methods An adapted TDI about managing a patient with borderline haemoglobin by watching and waiting instead of transfusing red blood cells was used to conduct semi‐structured, one‐to‐one interviews with 18 intensive care consultants and neonatologists across the UK.Results Relevant theoretical domains were: knowledge, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, social influences, behavioural regulation. Further analysis at the construct level resulted in selection of seven theoretical approaches relevant to this context: Knowledge‐Attitude‐Behaviour Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Social Cognitive Theory, Operant Learning Theory, Control Theory, Normative Model of Work Team Effectiveness and Action Planning Approaches.Conclusions This study illustrated, the use of the TDI to identify relevant domains in a complex area of inpatient care. This approach is potentially valuable for selecting theories relevant to predictive studies and resulted in greater breadth of potential explanations than would be achieved if a single theoretical model had been adopted.
Histology does not influence prognosis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma when accounting for age, tumour diameter, invasive growth and metastases
Authors: Verburg Frederik A , Mäder Uwe , Luster Markus , Reiners Christoph 
Published: January 2009

ObjectivePapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) show considerable differences in disease stage at initial presentation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in tumour-specific survival if initial staging is accounted for.DesignRetrospective chart review study.PatientsThe study sample comprised 875 PTC and 350 FTC patients (856 females, 369 males, mean age 47.8 years) treated in our hospital from 1978 to 2002. All patients received total thyroidectomy with subsequent I-131 ablation except for those patients with an isolated papillary microcarcinoma.MethodsKaplan–Meier analyses and Cox-regression analyses were performed to assess the influence of histology on thyroid cancer-specific survival.ResultsFTC patients were on average older, more likely to be male, presented with a larger tumour and more frequently had multifocal carcinoma and distant metastases than PTC patients, whereas they presented less frequently with extrathyroidal invasion or lymph node metastases. Twenty-year tumour-specific survival in PTC was 90.6% and in FTC 73.7% (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis the presence of distant metastases (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), tumour size (P=0.001) and the presence of extrathyroidal invasion (P=0.007), but not histology (P=0.26), were independent determinant variables for tumour-specific survival.ConclusionThere is no difference in tumour-specific survival between PTC and FTC when accounting for the presence of metastases, age, tumour size and the presence of extrathyroidal invasion.
Early Carboniferous age of the Versoyen ophiolites and consequences: non-existence of a “Valais ocean” (Lower Penninic, western Alps)
Authors: Masson Henri , Bussy François , Eichenberger Marc , Giroud Niels , Meilhac Caroline , Presniakov Sergei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOphiolites occur at several places in the Lower Penninic of the W and Central Alps. They are generally ascribed to oceanic crust of a so-called “Valais ocean” of Cretaceous age which plays a fundamental role in many models of Alpine paleogeography and geodynamics. The type locality and only observational base for the definition of a “Valais ocean” in the W Alps is the Versoyen ophiolitic complex, on the French-Italian boundary W of the Petit St-Bernard col. The idea of a “Valais ocean” is based on two propositions that are since 40 years the basis for most reconstructions of the Lower Penninic: (1) The Versoyen forms the (overturned) stratigraphic base of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Valais-Tarentaise series; and (2) it has a Cretaceous age. We present new field and isotopic data that severely challenge both propositions.(1) The base of the Versoyen ophiolite is a thrust. It overlies a wildflysch with blocks of Versoyen rocks, named the Méchandeur Formation. This “supra-Tarentaise” wildflysch has been confused with an (overturned) stratigraphic transition from the Versoyen to the Valais-Tarentaise series. Thus the contact Versoyen/Tarentaise is not stratigraphic but tectonic, and the Versoyen ophiolite has no link with the Valais basin. This thrust corresponds to an inverse metamorphic discontinuity and to an abrupt change in tectonic style.(2) The contact of the Versoyen complex with the overlying Triassic-Jurassic Petit St-Bernard (PSB) series is stratigraphic (and not tectonic as admitted by all authors since 50 years). Several types of sedimentary structures polarize it and show that the PSB series is younger than the Versoyen. Consequently the Versoyen ophiolitic complex is Paleozoic and forms the basement of the PSB Mesozoic sediments. They both belong to a single tectonic unit, named the Versoyen-Petit St-Bernard nappe.(3) Ion microprobe U-Pb isotopic data on zircons from the main gabbroic intrusion in the Versoyen complex give a crystallization age of 337.0 ± 4.1 Ma (Visean, Early Carboniferous). These zircons show typical oscillatory zoning and no overgrowth or corrosion, and are interpreted to date the Versoyen magmatism.These U-Pb data are in excellent agreement with our field observations and confirm the Paleozoic age of the Versoyen ophiolite. The existence of a “Valais ocean” of Cretaceous age in the W Alps becomes very improbable. The eclogite facies metamorphism of the Versoyen-Petit St-Bernard nappe results from an Alpine intra-continental subduction, guided by a Paleozoic oceanic suture. This is an example of the long term influence of inherited deep-seated structures on a much younger orogeny. This might well be a major cause of the inherent complexity of the Alps.
The tholeiites of the Valaisan domain (Versoyen, western Alps): a Carboniferous magma emplaced in a small oceanic basin
Authors: Mugnier Jean-Louis , Cannic Sebastien , Lapierre Henriette 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe mafic-ultramafic assemblages of the Versoyen complex exposed in the Valaisan domain is close to the boundary between the Internal and the External domains of the western Alps. Zircons extracted from the Versoyen complex suggest an emplacement during Paleozoic times, and probably during the Visean (~337 Ma). The base of the Versoyen complex is formed of laccoliths and sills associated with black shales, while pillow basalts and tuffs predominate at the uppermost levels. Locally, basaltic dikelets intruded leucocratic gneiss. Ultramafic-mafic cumulates form the bottom of the thickest intrusions while diabases are present along the chilled margins. All these rocks have been affected by a polyphased metamorphism under eclogitic to blueschist and greenschist facies conditions. Magmatic textures have been destroyed and the igneous mineralogy is seldom preserved. The mafic rocks of the Versoyen complex show tholeiitic to alkali-transitional affinities. The pillow basalts and the sill cores have flat REE patterns characteristic of N-MORB and T-MORB. Their εNd (assuming an age of 337 Ma) ratios range from + 5.7 to + 9 which suggest a mixing of N-MORB and OIB sources. The sill margins show Th, U and LREE-enrichments and negative εNd ratios. These features are likely related to contamination when hot mafic magmas intruded unconsolidated sediments rich in water. The high Th, U, LREE abundances and low εNd ratio of the basaltic dikelet are probably related to crustal contamination occurring during magma ascent. The geochemical characteristics of the Versoyen rocks are compatible with a tholeiitic magma emplaced into a small oceanic basin in the vicinity of a continent. The importance of pre-Mesozoic crustal thinning evidenced in one segment of the boundary between the Internal and External zones of the Alps suggests that the Pennine Front is an Alpine mega-thrust inherited from a Variscan suture.
Variscan lamprophyres in the Lower Penninic domain (Central Alps): age and tectonic significance
Authors: Bussien Denise , Bussy François , Masson Henri , Magna Tomas , Rodionov Nickolay 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Lamprophyre dykes have been recently discovered in blocks of gneiss embedded in a calcschist formation of wildflysch type that forms the top of the Mesozoic-Tertiary metasedimentary cover of the Antigorio nappe (the Teggiolo zone) in the Val Bavona (Lower Penninic, NW Ticino, Switzerland). The presence of the lamprophyres gives a clue to the possible source of these blocks. Similar dykes occur in the N part of the Maggia nappe where they are intruded into the Matorello granite and the surrounding gneisses.
We studied these lamprophyres at two localities in the Teggiolo zone (Tamierpass and Lago del Zött) and at one locality in the Maggia nappe (Laghetti). Detailed mineralogical and geochemical investigations confirm their great similarity, particularly between the Tamier and Laghetti dykes. They all recrystallized during Alpine metamorphism under amphibolite facies conditions and lost their primary mineral assemblages and textures. The chemistry reveals a calc-alkaline affinity, a limited differentiation range, features of mineral accumulation and intense remobilization in some cases. The lamprophyres are characterized by a high mg# and relatively low contents in REE and other incompatible elements. In situ SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS U-Pb zircon dating yielded ages of 284.8 ± 1.7 Ma (Tamier), 290.0 ± 1.3 Ma (Zött) and 290.5 ± 3.7 Ma (Laghetti). These ages are compatible with the general late- to post-Variscan magmatic evolution of the Helvetic and Lower Penninic domains. The lamprophyres are considered as melts derived from the lithospheric Variscan mantle, variously hybridized and differentiated at the contact with crustal material during late- to post-orogenic extension. These lamprophyres are chemically distinct from earlier lamprophyres of Visean age, emplaced together with their associated granites in transcurrent fault zones during the Variscan orogenic compression.
The similarity of these different dykes suggests that the front of the Maggia nappe is a likely source of the gneissic blocks embedded in the calcschists at the top of the Teggiolo zone. They would have been provided by the advancing Maggia nappe during its thrusting over the Antigorio nappe and simultaneous closure of the Teggiolo sedimentary basin.
The alkaline intraplate volcanism of the Antalya nappes (Turkey): a Late Triassic remnant of the Neotethys
Authors: Maury René C. , Lapierre Henriette , Bosch Delphine , Marcoux Jean , Krystyn Leopold , Cotten Joseph , Bussy François , Brunet Pierre , Senebier François 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLate Triassic submarine alkali basalts and hawaiites were collected from two superimposed tectonic slices belonging to the Kara Dere – Sayrun unit of the Middle Antalya nappes, southwestern Turkey. New determinations on conodont faunas allow to date this sequence to the Lower Carnian (Julian). The volcanic rocks show rather homogeneous compositions, with high TiO2 and relatively low MgO and Ni contents which suggest olivine fractionation. Their primitive mantle-normalised multi-elements plots show Nb and Ta enrichments relative to La, Pb negative anomalies and heavy rare earth element and Y depletions typical of intraplate ocean island basalts. These characteristics are consistent with the major and trace element compositions of their primary clinopyroxene phenocrysts, which do not show any feature ascribable to crustal contamination. The studied lavas display a restricted range of εNd (+4.6 to +5.2) which falls within the range of ocean island basalts. Their initial (143Nd/144Nd)i ratios are too low to be explained by a simple mixing line between depleted MORB mantle (DMM) and HIMU components. Their Pb and Nd isotopic compositions plot along a mixing line between HIMU component and an enriched mantle, the composition of which could be the result of the addition of about 5 to 8% of an EM2 component (recycled marine sediments) to DMM. The lack of evidence for any continental crustal component in their genesis could be consistent with their emplacement in an intra-oceanic setting.
Should (and Could) We Ban Prescriptions?
Authors: Richiardi Matteo G 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In a simple model of social interaction I analyze the welfare effects of positive (prescriptive) and negative (proscriptive) social norms, together with the private incentives for their enactment. I find that imposing no law is socially optimal when individual actions have no significant externalities, while bans become socially optimal as the externalities increase. Prescriptions are generally the worst choice, except when the externalities involved are very high. However, in the political arena support is rarely won for non intervention or for a ban, since an alternative majority will generally be found in favor of some prescription. This remains true even when strategic voting is considered, and provides an argument for the idea that a liberal state cannot be liberally enforced by rational voters.
An Index to Estimate the Wing Area in A Small Passerine, Using the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) As A Case Study
Authors: Nowakowski Jarosław , Chruściel Jacek 
Published: January 2009

An Index to Estimate the Wing Area in A Small Passerine, Using the Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) As A Case Study
In this paper we suggest two new indices that can be used to estimate passerines' wing area. The first is a simplified index that considers wing pointedness and the width of each primary, the second is an extended index that also considers the length of the forearm. Using the Blue Tit as an example, we show that the sum of the width of all remiges is correlated with the maximum length of the folded wing (rp
= 0.42, p = 0.020, N = 30). The length of the ulna is correlated with the maximum length of the folded wing (rp
= 0.56, p = 0.005, N = 24). The two indices were derived from measurements of the wing length and the wing formula of birds caught at ringing stations. The indices can be used to analyse materials the stations have collected over the past 50 years. We also discuss how these indices can be applied in intra- and interspecific comparisons and to data collected using different standard methods.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Later E-Cigarette and Tobacco Use in US Youths
Authors: McCabe Sean Esteban , Pasman Emily , Wilens Timothy , Boyd Carol J. , Veliz Philip , McCabe Vita , Chen Bingxin , Dickinson Kara , Evans-Polce Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceInformation about longitudinal associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, symptom severity, pharmacotherapy, and incident nicotine and tobacco use, including e-cigarettes, among US youths is limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether ADHD diagnosis, symptom severity, and pharmacotherapy are associated with incident e-cigarette and tobacco use over a 9-year period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal cohort study followed up a nationally representative sample of US youths and their parents in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Study via questionnaires from wave 1 (September 2013 to December 2014) to waves 2 to 7 (October 2014 to April 2023). Participants were representative of the US civilian noninstitutionalized population. Youths aged 12 to 17 years at wave 1 (N = 13 572) and their parents were interviewed.ExposuresTime in years and history of ADHD diagnosis, symptom severity, and pharmacotherapy at wave 1 were used to construct 9 mutually exclusive subgroups of US youths, including those with ADHD diagnosis and pharmacotherapy, ADHD diagnosis without pharmacotherapy, and population controls without ADHD diagnosis; within each of these 3 subgroups, ADHD symptom severity was categorized as none, 1 to 2, or 3 to 4 symptoms.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncident e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, other tobacco use, and dual use (e-cigarette and cigarette and/or other tobacco use) in weighted percentages with 95% CIs.ResultsOf the 13 572 youths included in the analysis, 6967 (51.3%; 95% CI, 51.2%-51.5%) were male. An estimated 1881 participants (14.1%; 95% CI, 13.2%-15.0%) were diagnosed with ADHD. Multivariable logistic regression analyses indicated that the adjusted odds of incident e-cigarette use, cigarette smoking, other tobacco use, and dual use did not significantly differ between those with asymptomatic ADHD (with or without pharmacotherapy) compared with population controls. In contrast, all subgroups who had 3 or more ADHD symptoms (with or without pharmacotherapy) had significantly higher adjusted odds of e-cigarette use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.34-2.04), cigarette smoking (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.22-1.89), other tobacco use (AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.27-2.02), and dual use (AOR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.38-2.14) compared with youths with asymptomatic ADHD or population controls. Among youths with ADHD, those with highly symptomatic ADHD were significantly more likely to initiate e-cigarette (AOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.44) and dual use (AOR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.17-2.83) than youths without symptoms.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of US youths, ADHD symptoms were associated with the onset of nicotine and tobacco use. Findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment of ADHD to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of later nicotine and tobacco use.
Pregnancy-Associated Mortality Due to Homicide, Suicide, and Drug Overdose
Authors: Wallace Maeve E. , Jahn Jaquelyn L. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceDespite growing national concern about high and increasing rates of pregnancy-associated mortality due to homicide, suicide, and drug overdose, state-level incidence has previously not been available.ObjectiveTo identify cases of pregnancy-associated homicide, suicide, drug overdose, and deaths involving firearms in the US from calendar year 2018 to 2022 and estimate 5-year proportionate mortality and mortality ratios per 100 000 live births by state and cause of death.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study is a population-based analysis of the 2018-2022 restricted-use mortality files provided by the National Center for Health Statistics. These data include all deaths occurring in the US, with geographic identifiers for state of residence. All records in which the decedent was female aged 10 to 44 years and pregnant at the time of death or up to 1 year earlier were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from July 1 to December 1, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes for underlying cause of death were used to identify cases of homicide, suicide, drug overdose, and deaths involving firearms occurring in each state from 2018 to 2022. Proportionate mortality was estimated as the count of cases divided by the total count of deaths of pregnant and postpartum women in each state. Cause-specific mortality ratios were estimated as the count of cases divided by the total count of live births in each state from 2018 to 2022.ResultsNationally, there were 10 715 deaths of people who were pregnant or within 1 year post partum from 2018 to 2022, including 837 homicides, 579 suicides, 2083 drug overdoses, and 851 that involved firearms. Proportionate mortality and mortality ratios for homicide, suicide, and drug overdose varied across the US. Of states with more than 9 cases, pregnancy-associated homicide mortality was highest in Mississippi (12.86 per 100 000 live births), pregnancy-associated suicide mortality was highest in Montana (21.55 deaths per 100 000 live births), and pregnancy-associated drug overdose was highest in Delaware (36.03 deaths per 100 000 live births). Firearms accounted for as many as 15.56% of pregnancy-associated deaths in Colorado, and pregnancy-associated firearm mortality was highest in Mississippi (13.42 deaths per 100 000 live births).Conclusions and RelevanceThe information in this study may provide relevant guidance for state and local intervention strategies to advance the health, safety, and well-being of women during pregnancy and beyond.
Efficient Proton Conduction through [N···X···N]+ Halogen Bond Coordination in Halogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhao Qi , Lin Siyi , Sun Penghao , Lu Ya , Li Qian , Tian Zhennan , Bai Xuguan , Wang Jike , Wang Lu , Chen Shigui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdvancing anhydrous proton‐conducting materials is essential for the fabrication of high‐temperature (>373 K) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) and remains a significant challenge. Herein, halogen‐bonded organic frameworks linked by [N···I··N]+ interactions are reported as outstanding high‐temperature conductive materials. By incorporating carbazole groups into the monomers, two highly crystalline halogen‐bonded organic frameworks (XOF‐CSP/CTP) are constructed. These XOFs exhibit a high intrinsic conductivity (σ = 1.22 × 10−3 S cm−1) under high‐temperature anhydrous conditions. Doping the XOFs with H3PO4 allows the nitrogen sites and I+ sites on the pore walls to stabilize and tightly confine the H3PO4 network within the porous framework through hydrogen bonding, thereby enhancing proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions (σ = 1.02 × 10−2 S cm−1). Temperature‐dependent curves and theoretical calculations indicate that proton transport is governed by a low‐energy barrier hopping mechanism. These materials exhibit excellent stability and maintain high proton conductivity across a broad temperature range. This work provides a new platform for designing anhydrous proton‐conducting materials with significant potential as high‐temperature proton exchange membranes.