bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Middle Proterozoic Duluth Complex at Duluth, Minnesota
Authors: Green John C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Duluth Complex underlies an area of approximately 2,265 mi2 (6500 km2), but over much of its extent it is covered by glacial deposits. Some of the best and most representative exposures are in the city of Duluth. Several outcrops are described here along the Skyline Parkway, a well-marked scenic road near the top of the slope on which Duluth is built, facing the Lake Superior Basin. They are in the West Duluth, Duluth Heights, and Duluth 7½-minute Quadrangles. The first stop is adjacent to I-35 just southwest of Duluth (Fig. 1).
Jay Cooke State Park and Grandview areas
Authors: Jirsa M. A. , Morey G. B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Jay Cooke State Park occupies nearly 15 mi2 (38 km2) in the northeastern corner of Carlton County in T.48N., R.15 and 16W. (Fig. 1). It is about midway between the village of Thomson and Fond du Lac, the westernmost suburb of Duluth. The park may be reached by following Minnesota 210 from the Carlton-Cromwell interchange with I-35 eastward for approximately 3.5 mi (6 km) through the town of Carlton to the St. Louis River. Immediately after crossing the river at Thomson, the highway turns sharply to the south and 0.1 mi (0.2 km) later enters Jay Cooke State Park (Fig. 2). The Park Headquarters, a picnic area, and an information building are located approximately 2 mi (3.4 km) intothe park. As with all Minnesota state parks, a daily fee or a yearly permit is required to use the park facilities. Minnesota 210 continues through the park along the north side of the St. Louis River for an additional 5.5 mi (9.3 km) where it joins Minnesota 23 in Fond du Lat.
Pipestone National Monument
Authors: Morey G. B. , Setterholm Dale R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Pipestone National Monument is located in parts of sections 1 and 2, T.106N., R.46W., north of the City of Pipestone, Pipestone County, southwestern Minnesota (Fig. 1). The monument is located 0.9 mi (1.5 km) northwest of the intersection of U.S. 75 and Minnesota 23. Proceed north on U.S. 75 for 0.4 mi (0.7 km); turn west and follow monument signs 0.5 mi (0.8 km) to the entrance. As with all national parks and monuments, no samples may be collected without a permit from the Department of Interior, U.S. National Park Service.
Precambrian Sioux Quartzite at Gitchie Manitou State Preserve, Iowa
Authors: Anderson Raymond R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Gitchie Manitou State Preserve is located in the northwesternmost corner of Iowa, in the W½, Sec. 11, T. 100N., R. 49W., about 9 mi (14,5 km) northwest of Larchwood in Lyon County, Iowa (Fig. 1). The preserve is situated in the valley of the Big Sioux River, which forms the western limits of the preserve and the boundary between Iowa and South Dakota. The highest elevation within the preserve is about 1,286 ft (392 rlevel, about 40 ft (12 m) above river level but about below the elevation of nearby upland areas.
Cambrian and Ordovician stratigraphy in the Lansing area, northeastern Iowa
Authors: Witzke Brian J. , Mckay Robert M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The oldest Paleozoic rocks exposed in Iowa are found in the northeastern corner of the state in Allamakee County. Cambrian exposures in the county form part of the classic reference area in the Upper Mississippi Valley for the Upper Cambrian Croixan Series. Overlying dolomites of the Prairie du Chien Group are exposed as bold cliffs in the bluffs along the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Cambrian and Lower Ordovician strata collectively encompass the Sauk Sequence, the first large-scale transgressive-regressive cratonic marine cycle of the Phanerozoic (Sloss, 1963). A major episode of erosion followed deposition of the Sauk Sequence. A widespread unconformity separates Lower and Middle Ordovician strata in the region, marking the boundary between the Sauk Sequence and the succeeding Tippecanoe Sequence.
The most complete sequence of Cambrian and Ordovician strata in northeast Iowa is exposed between Lansing and Church as one ascends from the Mississippi River up the valley of Clear Creek to the crest of Lansing Ridge along Iowa 9 (Fig. 1) 1). Vertical relief along this profile is 630 ft (192 m), and the composite stratigraphic section measured totals 619 ft (189 m). The base of the section begins along Iowa 26 north of the Mississippi River bridge (loc. 1, Fig. 1), and continues through a series of roadcuts and natural exposures in Mount Hosmer Park (loc. 4, Fig. 1). Strata equivalent to the lower half of the section at locality 1 can be seen behind Knopf’s Standard Station
The Lime Creek Formation of north-central Iowa
Authors: Anderson Wayne I. , Furnish William M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
There are three principal exposures of the Lime Creek Formation in the area between Mason City and Charles City, northern Iowa. By a considerable margin, the most extensive site is the quarry of the former Rockford Brick and Tile Company, only 1 mi (1.6 km) west of town in Floyd County (NW¼Sec. 16, T.95N., R.18W.). The Juniper Hill State Preserve is 0.5 mi(0.8 km) to the northwest. Bird Hill is located just a fe miles farther west at a road cut on an east-west county right-of-way in eastern Cerro Gordo County (NE½Sec.24, T.95N., R.19W.). The stratigraphic section known historically as Hackberry Grove, now called Claybanks Forest, lies just south of the Winnebago River (near center NE½Sec.34, T.96N., R.19W.). The Winnebago River was originally called Lime Creek (hence the name Lime Creek Formation). A location map (Fig. 1) has been prepared from the general highway and transportation maps of Cerro Gordo and Floyd counties. Topographic sheets for the Mason City Southeast and Rockford 7½-minute Quadrangles cover the area.
The Rockford Brick and Tile property lies adjacent to County Road B47, west of Rockford. The kilns have been inactive for several years, and permission to visit the grounds must be secured from the present owner, Allied Construction Company, 1211 South Main Street, Charles City, Iowa 50616. Bird Hill is also situated on County Road B47, with a large parking area on the north side of the road. The site has recently been designateda State Preserve. At Hackberry Grove, the Claybanks
Cretaceus exposures, Big Sioux River Valley north of Sioux City, Iowa
Authors: Witzke Brian J. , Ludvigson Greg A. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Cretaceus exposures in the Sioux City area, primarily along the Big Sioux River in Iowa and the Missouri River Valley in northeast Nebraska, were of considerable importance in the early formulation of stratigraphic nomenclature in the Western Interior Province (Tester, 1931). It was from this area that Meek and Hayden (1862) originally named the “Dakota Group,” the basal subdivision of Cretaceus rocks as used throughout much of the western U.S. A summary of Cretaceus stratigraphy and paleogeography in the Iowa area is given by Witzke and others (1983).
The east side of the Big Sioux River Valley reveals a series of Cretaceus exposures (Fig. 1) that are among the best in Iowa. Many of the exposures are along the Iowa 12 right-of-way and are publicly accessible (localities 1, 2, 3, 4, 8). Roadside exposures in Stone State Park (localities 5, 6) and old shale pit operations at Kirk Hanson Recreation Complex in Riverside (locality 9) are also publicly accessible, but collecting is discouraged. Other exposures are on private land, and permission must be secured before entering (e.g., shale pit of Siouxland Sand and Gravel, locality 7). Many of the exposures are extremely steep and potentially hazardous; please exercise caution.
A general description of Cretaceus rock units examined and measured at localities 1 through 9 (Fig. 2) is given in the Measured Section. Strata at locality 10 (Fig. 2) are poorly exposed and the illustrated section is adapted from
Exposures of the Fort Hays Limestone Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceus) near Stockton, Kansas
Authors: Laferriere Alan P. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A complete section of the Fort Hays Limestone Member occurs within roadcuts along Kansas 24, 2.4 mi (3.8 km) west of Stockton (Stockton 7½-minute Quadrangle) in NE¼Sec.21, T.7S., R.18W., Rooks County, Kansas (Fig. 1). At this locality, a series of three roadcuts occurs within a 0.25-mi (0.4 km) stretch of highway. Stratigraphically higher beds of the Fort Hays crop out at the east end of the exposures. By utilizing all three outcrops, most beds of the unit can be examined near road level with a minimum of climbing.
Hydrocarbon-induced diagenetic aureole at Cement-Chickasha Anticline, Oklahoma
Authors: Al-Shaieb Zuhair 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Cement-Chickasha Anticline includes parts of Caddo and Grady counties in southwestern Oklahoma (Fig. 1). The structure is elongated and trends in a northwesterly direction. The town of Cement is located in the central part of the structure. Three major highways intersect the site. The H. E. Bailey Turnpike extends diagonally across the southeastern portion of the site, while U.S. 277/Oklahoma 19 trends east–west through the southern half of the site and connects the towns of Cement and Cyril. Oklahoma 8 trends north-south through the western portion of the site and terminates at the town of Cyril.
Spillway fault system, Tuttle Creek reservoir, Pottawatomie County, northeastern Kansas
Authors: Underwood James R. , Poison Allyn 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The best exposure of the Spillway fault system is in the northwest wall of the northwest-trending spillway of Tuttle Creek reservoir (SW¼, SE¼SW¼, Sec.18, T.9S., R.8E.) in westernmost Pottawatomie County, immediately northwest of the point where Kansas 13 crosses the spillway (Fig. 1). From Manhattan, Kansas, drive north-northwest on Tuttle Creek Boulevard (also US 24, Kansas 13 and 177) 3.6 mi (5.7 km) from its intersection with Kimball Avenue to the point where Kansas 13 turns right (northeast). Drive 1.8 mi (2.9 km) across the dam to the parking areas on both sides of the road that overlook the spillway to the northeast.
Carboniferous flysch, Ouachita Mountains, southeastern Oklahoma; Big Cedar-Kiamichi Mountain section
Authors: Moiola R. J. , Briggs G. , Shanmugam G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Located in LeFlore County (Big Cedar and Octavia 7½-minute Quadrangles), the Big Cedar–Kiamichi Mountain section is continuously exposed in roadcuts that parallel U.S. 259 (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Commencing 2.6 mi (4.2 km) south of the Big Cedar intersection of Oklahoma 63 and U.S. 259, at the contact between the Stanley and Jackfork Groups (Fig. 3), an uninterrupted sequence of Jackfork is superbly exposed as the road climbs up to and beyond the summit of Kiamichi Mountain. Reinterpretation (Briggs, 1973, and this text) of the section Cline and Moretti (1956) measured at the time U.S. 259 was under construction indicates that 6,604 ft (2,013 m) of Jackfork are present (Fig. 2). The roadcuts are accessible all year, but caution must be exercised by parking cars well off the road, being careful of traffic, and avoiding dangerous areas with high rock faces or areas that may have loose or falling rocks.
Turner Falls Park; Pleistocene tufa and travertine and Ordovician platform carbonates, Arbuckle Mountains, southern Oklahoma
Authors: Donovan R.N. , Ragland D. A. , Schaefer D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Turner Falls Park is located in the Arbuckle Mountains approximately 3 mi (4.8 km) south of Davis on U.S. 77. The park is shown on all highway maps of Oklahoma, and the easiest access is from appropriate exits on I-35 (Fig. 1). There is a small charge for entering the park.
The best-known view of Turner Falls is from the overview gift shop on U.S. 77 (free parking available). From here all the sites described below can easily be visited, although the descent to the falls is via rather steep steps. The less agile who wish to view the falls closely can enter the park via the automobile entrance (which is located approximately 0.5 mi [0.8 km] north of the gift shop). From here it is an easy walk to the foot of the falls. Alternatively it is possible to park above the falls; this is an easy way to examine the top of the old travertine deposit.
No hammers please; the exposures (which are highly photogenic) could easily be ruined.
Pennsylvanian conglomerates in the Arbuckle Mountains, southern Oklahoma
Authors: Donovan R.N. , Heinlen W. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Two formations illustrate the characteristics of Pennsylva-nian conglomerates in the Arbuckle Mountains of southern Oklahoma the Vanoss Formation and the Conings Ranch Conglomerate.
The Vanoss Formation is exposed on Bromide Hill in Platt National Park which is located on the southern edge of Sulphur and is easily reached by good roads from all directions (Fig. 1). To gain access to the area, follow U.S. 177 south from Sulphur into the park. Approximately 900 ft (300 m) inside the park boundary, immediately after crossing Rock Creek, turn west and follow the perimeter drive for about 1 mi (1.4 km) to Bromide Pavilion (Fig. 2).
The Conings Ranch Conglomerate is exposed on both sides of I-35 and in the median, approximately halfway between the Davis and Turner Falls turnoffs, and forms part of the magnificent Arbuckle Mountains road cuts (Fig. 1) (see also Fay, this volume). A rest area, which provides a lay person’s explanation of the geology, is conveniently located at the southern margin of the Conglomerate on the south lane of I-35. The principal outcrops are between Interstate Stations 2600 and 2630 as designated by the Oklahoma Department of Highways.
Minor T-R units in the Lower Permian Chase Group, northeast Kansas
Authors: Busch Richard M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Site 4: Roadcuts between mile markers 4.4 and 4.6 along east and west sides of Kansas 113 (Seth Childs Road), from 1.25 to 1.45 mi (2 to 2.3 km) south of its intersection with Kansas 24, at the northwest edge of Manhattan, Riley County, Kansas, NW¼, Sec.35, T.9S., R.7E.
Site 5: Roadcuts along the north side of 1-70, between mile markers 306.6 and 307, starting 0.85 mi (1.4 km) west of the overpass for Exit 307 to McDowell Creek Road, Geary County, Kansas, NW¼, Sec.28, T.llS., R.7E.
Structural styles in the Arbuckle Mountains, southern Oklahoma
Authors: Tapp J. Bryan 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
This chapter describes structural features of outcrops in the Arbuckle Mountains, southern Oklahoma, along I-35 and near Arbuckle Lake. The stops are arranged as though the reader is driving south from Oklahoma City toward Dallas. For a description of stratigraphic stops along this same route, and for a generalized location map and cross sections, the reader is referred to the preceding chapter by Fay. The body of the discussion of outcrops evaluates evidence that the structures and sediments seen in the Arbuckle Mountains formed in an aulacogen that has undergone left-lateral-wrench deformation. All of the outcrops along I-35 are public domain. Parking along the interstate is tolerated as long as vehicles are pulled well off of the roadway and groups or individuals do not cross the highway. If a large group is to examine the exposures, it would be best to park in the scenic turnouts and walk along the highway shoulders. The outcrop described near Arbuckle Lake is in a county-owned quarry that is usually inactive on weekends.
Beavers Bend State Park, Broken Bow Uplift, Oklahoma
Authors: Nielsen K. C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Beavers Bend State Park is located approximately 10 mi (16 km) north of Broken Bow, on U.S. 259A. In this park the Mountain Fork River has cut an entrenched meander loop into the Middle Paleozoic flank sequence of the Broken Bow Uplift (Fig. 1). As such, this is a convenient locality to examine the stratigraphic sequence and the structural style of the central uplift of the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma.
Within the park, U.S. 259A forms a loop east of U.S. 259 (Fig. 1). There are several good hiking trails; therefore, many of these stops will involve light hiking in order to examine the sequence. Also, detailed maps are provided in Figures 1 and 3 in the hope that interested people will hike independently to study the anatomy of these structures.
The stratigraphic sequence (Site 45) is examined in two stages. The Womble Shale through the Blaylock Sandstone are discussed at the Stephens Gap Area (Locality 5). The Blaylock Sandstone up to the Lower Stanley Shale is reviewed near the Power Station (Locality 2).
The Paleozoic rocks of the Ponca region, Buffalo National River, Arkansas
Authors: McFarland John David 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Three state highways provide the primary access to the Ponca region (Fig. 1). They are Arkansas 21, 43 (both northsouth), and 74 (east-west). Three campgrounds are located in the area: Lost Valley, Steel Creek, and Kyle’s Landing. These are all Buffalo National River campgrounds and designed for the tent camper.
The roads leading into each camp are gravel and, in the case of Steel Creek and Kyle’s Landing, involve steep grades. Each camp has excellent outcrops within easy walking distance. The roadcuts and mines are easily accessible by passenger car and short walks. Although some of the river exposures may be reached by road or on foot, the ideal mode of travel is by canoe. Unfortunately, water levels typically allow canoe travel for only a few months in the winter and spring. The river in this area is rated class I-II white water, with fairly frequent, generally unobstructed rapids. During the floating season, canoes may be rented from any of several outfitters in Ponca.
The exposures along the River and around the campgrounds are within the boundaries of the Buffalo National River and are under the protection of the National Park Service. Please respect this reservation. Roadcuts in the immediate area but outside the park provide ample outcrops for sample collection.
Silurian rocks of northern Arkansas
Authors: Wise O. A. , Caplan W. M. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
From Batesville, Arkansas, in Independence County, follow Arkansas 69 north to Cushman (Fig. 1). Turn left (west) on the county road (paved) just beyond the Cushman General Store. If you consider this intersection the zero point of a road log, the pavement ends at about mile 3.5 (5.6 km). At mi 5.1 (8.2 km) you will drive past a good outcrop of Ordovician age limestones of the Plattin, Kimmswick, and Fernvale formations. Of particular interest here is the Plattin-Kimmswick contact, which is sharp and “welded” as well as angular. The Plattin occurs in a small synclinal fold that is truncated by the basal sandy Kimmswick. An orange-colored zone several yards up the road marks a fault that lowers the Fernvale to a position adjacent to the Kimmswick at road level. (See W. W. Craig’s discussion of the lithologies of these units elsewhere in this volume.) At mi 7.0 (11.3 km) is the entrance to Love Hollow Quarry (Fig. 2). The outcrop described below can be found approximately 0.2 mi (0.3 km) north of Love Hollow.
The exposure consists of approximately 60 ft (18 m) of Brassfield, St. Clair, and Lafferty limestones. The shale on which the Brassfield rests at this locality is probably Ordovician age. The lithologic sequence consists of 4 ft (1.2 m) of spar-cemented, coarse fossil debris, overlain by 4 ft ( 1.2 m) of St. Clair, which in this locality is represented by a biomicrite. The contact at this point is slightly angular. The St. Clair is
Horsehead Lake spillway, Arkansas
Authors: McFarland J. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Horsehead Lake is a small U.S. Forest Service lake located in western Johnson County, Arkansas, at the juncture of the Boston Mountains and the Arkansas River Valley (Fig. 1). To reach the lake, take Arkansas 164 north from 1-40 (the Hunt-Coal Hill exit). From downtown Hunt, continue 2.8 mi (4.5 km) north on Arkansas 164 to the entrance to Horsehead Lake. Walk across the dam to the spillway cut.
Barneston Limestone (Lower Permian) of eastern Kansas
Authors: Twiss Page C. , Underwood James R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Barneston Limestone is well exposed on the north side of the road cut at milepost 305 on 1-70 in NW¼SW¼Sec.30, T.1lS., R.6E., Geary County, Kansas (Fig. 1), about 10 mi (16 km) east of Junction City. Vehicles traveling east should continue to exit 307 (McDowell Creek Road), pass under 1-70, and return westward to milepost 305. Because Kansas law prohibits pedestrians from crossing a divided highway, vehicles should be parked on the north side, off the pavement and passengers should exit on the right-hand side. Keep far away from the traffic lanes while examining the rocks. The upper two-thirds of this section can be examined closely by walking up the hill on the west side of the road cut.
Lower Stanley Shale and Arkansas Novaculite, western Mazarn Basin and Caddo Gap, Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas
Authors: Zimmerman Jay , Ford James Timothy 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Elements of the sedimentology and structural geology of two of the most prominent lithologic units in the Arkansas Ouachitas, the Arkansas Novaculite (Devonian-Mississippian), and the Stanley Shale (Mississippian), are illustrated along a 6.1 mi (9.8 km) highway traverse between the village of Glenwood and Caddo Gap, Arkansas. The outcrops described below serve as an introduction to the two broad facies groups present in the Ouachita Mountains and to the structural style that dominates major parts of the range.
The upper Jackfork Section, Mile Post 81, I–30, Arkadelphia, Arkansas
Authors: Stone Denise M. , Lumsden David N. , Stone Charles G. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A readily accessible 440-ft (132 m) section of the upper Jackfork Sandstone crops out along 1-30 near Arkadelphia, Arkansas. The outcrop is on the west side of 1-30 between Exits 83 (Friendship) and 78 (Arkadelphia, Hot Springs) at the Mile Post 81 marker (Fig. 1).
The DeQueen Formation at the old Highland Quarry, Arkansas
Authors: McFarland J. D. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
To reach the Highland Quarry, start at the junction of Arkansas 24 and 27 at the north edge of Nashville, Arkansas. Drive north on Arkansas 27 (toward Murfreesboro) for 8.6 mi (13.9 km) and turn left (west) on Arkansas 26 (Fig. 1). The gravels at this junction are units of the Tokio Formation (Upper Cretace- US). Drive 1.6 mi (2.6 km) to the west on Arkansas 26 to the entrance of the quarry. Enter the quarry and ask permission at the mine office. The most convenient exposures are on the west wall of the quarry (Figs. 2, 3). This end of the quarry has been inactive for several years, but if you follow the road through the quarry for 2 mi (3.2 km) or so you will reach more recently developed pits.