bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parity theorems for paths and cycles in graphs
Authors: Bondy J. A. , Halberstam F. Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe extend an elegant proof technique of A. G. Thomason, and deduce several parity theorems for paths and cycles in graphs. For example, a graph in which each vertex is of even degree has an even number of paths if and only if it is of even order, and a graph in which each vertex is of odd degree has an even number of paths if and only if its order is a multiple of four. Our results have implications for generalized friendship graphs and their conjectured nonexistence.
The six bidecomposable graphs
Authors: Ando Kiyoshi , Mizuno Hirobumi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA graph G is said to be decomposable if G can be decomposed into a cartesian product of two nontrivial graphs. G is bidecomposable if not only G but also its complement G is decomposable. We prove that there are only six bidecomposable graphs; 2K(2), C4, Q3, K(2) ×(K(2) + K(2)), K(3) × K(3).
Linear arboricity for graphs with multiple edges
Authors: Aït‐djafer Houria 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAkiyama, Exoo, and Harary conjectured that for any simple graph G with maximum degree Δ(G), the linear arboricity la(G) satisfies ⌈Δ(G)/2⌉ ≦ la(G) ≦ ⌈(Δ(G) + 1)/2⌉. Here it is proved that if G is a loopless graph with maximum degree Δ(G) ≦ k and maximum edge multiplicity μ(G) ≦ k − 2n+1 + 1, where k ≧ 2n−2, then la(G) ≦ k − 2n. It is also conjectured that for any loopless graph G, ⌈Δ(G)/2⌉ ≦ la(G) ≦ ⌈(Δ(G) + μ(G))/2⌉.
Laser desorption/ionization techniques in the characterization of high‐molecular‐weight oil fractions—Part 2: de‐asphalted oils
Authors: Rizzi Andrea , Cosmina Paola , Flego Cristina , Montanari Luciano , Smaniotto Anna , Seraglia Roberta , Traldi Pietro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe composition of the de‐asphalted oil fraction obtained from two different Italian fields was studied by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. These fractions were treated with different solvent mixtures, and subfractions containing saturates, aromatic and polar compounds were obtained and analyzed by the same instrumental approach.The investigation showed clear differences between the samples coming from the two oils. The instrumental approach did not lead to an accurate description of the different components in terms of elemental composition and structures; however, valid information could be obtained on the molecular weight distribution of the components of the different fractions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long lead rainfall forecasts for the Australian sugar industry
Authors: Everingham Y. L. , Clarke A. J. , Van Gorder S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRainfall variability is a crucial element that impinges on the success of sugarcane growing regions around the world. As the scientific community and industry personnel gain more experience at working participatively, the ability of long‐range rainfall forecasts to reduce the risk and uncertainty associated with decisions impacted by rainfall variability has become increasingly recognized. Some important decisions, however, require knowing the chances of rain at early lead times that span the austral autumn period. These types of decisions remain largely unassisted by climate forecasting technologies owing to the boreal spring (austral autumn) persistence barrier. Taking the Australian sugar industry as a case study example, this article explores the capability of a long lead statistical El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO) prediction model to reduce the risk associated with decisions that must be made before autumn and are effected by rainfall anomalies post‐autumn. Results shown across all regions considered in this study indicated a higher risk of obtaining an above‐median rainfall index when the statistical model predicted La Niña type conditions to emerge post‐spring. For selected regions, this risk was reduced when the model predicted El Niño type conditions for the same period. In addition, the model would have provided an earlier indication of the likelihood of disruption due to wet harvest conditions in a year that devastated the Australian sugar industry. This benchmark study has highlighted the potential of an ENSO prediction model to aid industry decisions that have previously been made in isolation of probabilistic knowledge about future rainfall conditions. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Historical trends and future predictions of climate variability in the Brahmaputra basin
Authors: Immerzeel Walter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn innovative approach is developed and presented to assess historical climate variations and to quantify future climate change for the entire Brahmaputra basin. Historical trends in temperature and precipitation are analysed from 1900 to 2002 for the Tibetan plateau (TP), the Himalayan belt and the floodplains (FP) using a global 100 year monthly high resolution dataset. Temperature patterns are consistent with global warming and out of the 10% warmest years from 1900 to 2002 six occurred between 1995 and 2002. No clear trends in precipitation were found and annual precipitation in the basin is mainly determined by the strength of the monsoon. Regression analysis is used to further explain monsoon precipitation. A significant inverse relation is found between air temperature differences between the FP and the TP and the strength of the monsoon, whereas the El Niño Southern Oscillation teleconnection does not have a prominent role in explaining variation in monsoon precipitation. Simulation results of six general circulation models are statistically downscaled to the spatial resolution of the observed dataset for two future storylines. The analysis predicts accelerated seasonal increases in both temperature and precipitation from 2000 to 2100. The largest changes occur on the TP and the smallest on the FP. Multiple regression analysis shows a sharp increase in the occurrence of average and extreme downstream discharges for both storylines. The strongest increases are projected for the monsoon season and the largest threat of climate change lies in the associated flooding in the densely populated FP. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Quantification of soil structural changes induced by cereal anchorage failure: Image analysis of thin sections
Authors: J. Mooney Sacha , Morris Catherine , Craigon James , Berry Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCereal anchorage failure, or lodging, is the permanent displacement of a crop from the vertical and results in significant annual yield losses globally. Several factors have been identified as contributors to this phenomenon but the precise mechanisms of failure are still largely unknown because of difficulties in observing these processes as they occur in situ. To identify potential soil management practices to minimize losses associated with cereal root failure, an understanding of the nature of root‐soil interactions attributed to lodging is needed. An experiment was conducted that involved field impregnation and subsequent thin sectioning of lodged and unlodged root‐soil complexes from contrasting soils, cereal crops, and management practices to elucidate the effects of lodging on soil structure and porous architecture. Using image analysis, size and distribution of pores in soils were quantified at both meso‐ (100–30 μm) and microscales (<30 μm). A significant effect of lodging on porosity was recorded whereby lodging reduced total porosity through compaction created by movement of the stem base, although this was variable among soil types. Pore‐size distributions comprehensively supported these trends since alteration in the relative frequency of pores within specific size classes was clearly observed. The effects of lodging were more pronounced at the mesoscale because the data were more susceptible to variations created by natural soil heterogeneity at the microscale. These data suggested that sideways movement of the subterranean stem within the soil is a significant factor which is likely to affect the propensity for a cereal plant to lodge, indicating soil strength in the upper part of the soil profile is crucial.
Measurement of dew, fog, and rime with a high‐precision gravitation lysimeter
Authors: Meissner Ralph , Seeger Juliane , Rupp Holger , Seyfarth Manfred , Borg Heinz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExact information about soil water flow is needed to quantify solute transfer within the unsaturated zone. Water flux densities are often measured indirectly, e.g., with water‐balance, water content–change, or tracer methods, and, therefore, often predicted with notable uncertainties. Over the last years, direct lysimetry methods have been increasingly used to study water and solute migration in soil profiles. A large weighable lysimeter is the best method to obtain reliable drainage data, but it requires relatively high investment and maintenance expenses. To reduce cost and improve comparability with undisturbed sites, a new technology to collect large monolithic soil columns with a surface area of 0.5–2 m2 and a depth of 1–3 m as well as a containerized polyethylene (PE‐HD) lysimeter station were developed. In addition, the station was fitted with a new high‐precision weighing technique. In this paper, the latter is demonstrated with data from a newly constructed gravitation lysimeter. Besides recording rainfall and seepage, its weighing precision makes it possible to register mass input by dew, fog, or rime. It also permits a very accurate calculation of actual evapotranspiration. Because this new type of lysimeter allows a very high temporal resolution, it is ideally suited to develop and test models for soil hydrologic processes.
Copper, zinc, and cadmium accumulation in two prairie soils and crops as influenced by repeated applications of manure
Authors: Lipoth Sarah L. , Schoenau Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA study was conducted to determine the effect of repeated (5–7 y) annual application of liquid swine or solid cattle manure on the plant availability of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) at two field sites in the W‐central and E‐central agricultural regions of Saskatchewan, Canada. Soil samples, plant‐straw and grain samples from the 2003 growing season were collected and analyzed for total Cu, Zn, and Cd concentrations using nitric acid microwave digestion followed by atomic‐absorption spectroscopy. An ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB‐DTPA) extraction was performed on the soil samples as a measure of the plant‐available fraction. Crop plants that were tested included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The results of this study indicated that long‐term repeated applications of manure fertilizer sometimes resulted in increased plant availability of Cu, Zn, and Cd, as reflected in increased concentrations of the plant‐available metal observed both in the soil and plant tissue. In the case of Cu and Zn, these increases were related to the rate of application, as the manure is a source of Cu and Zn. Changes in soil conditions from repeated manure application, including a decrease in pH and stimulated plant‐root growth can explain the effect that both manure and urea‐fertilizer application had on increasing the Cd concentration in the plant. Overall, there does not appear to be any concern about soil metal loading and plant accumulation in these soils after 5–7 y of manure application, as soil and plant concentrations were well below the allowable limits.
Contribution of mineral nutrition to the response of barley seedlings to polyethylene glycol–induced mild water stress
Authors: Kocheva Konstantina V. , Georgiev Georgi I. , Vunkova‐Radeva Reneta V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of polyethylene glycol–induced osmotic stress on the activity of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glycolate oxidase in leaves of young barley plants grown under two nutrient‐supply regimes was studied. The activity of nitrate reductase gradually decreased after polyethylene glycol (PEG) application, while glutamine synthetase and glycolate oxidase were increased. It is speculated that the enhanced glutamine synthetase and glycolate oxidase activities are due to increased flux of metabolites through the photorespiratory cycle. Prominent increase in concentrations of free proline, reducing sugars, and free amino acids was observed. The possible contribution of these cellular solutes to the process of osmotic adjustment and the role of mineral supply is discussed. It is suggested that low N supply in combination with stress conditions switched the preferred osmolyte type from amino acids (N‐containing) to sugars (C‐containing).
The pH effects on the growth rate of KDP (KH2PO4) crystal by investigating Raman active lattice modes
Authors: Badrouj M. , Malekfar R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report on the dependence of the pH value on the growth rates of KDP single crystals. Extensive experimental work has been carried out in order to find the optimum pH ranges for growing KDP single crystals with suitable sizes and high optical quality. Different techniques including micro‐Raman back‐scattering spectroscopy, UV/vis/IR transmission spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction have been employed for this investigation. Deuterated substituted single crystals of KDP and DKDP also have been grown for the investigation of growth rates and Raman active mode identification purposes. The molecular vibration modes of the grown crystals, including internal modes of PO4 tetrahedrons molecular vibrations, external modes of optical phonons and hydrogen bonding modes have been determined exactly by micro‐Raman back‐scattering spectroscopy. The best pH values of the solution for the KDP crystal growth with reasonably higher growth rates from aqueous solutions that have been supersaturated ata temperature range of 30–50 °C have been found to be in the pH range of 3.2–5.4. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification and characterization of pectin methylesterase from acerola (Malpighia glabra L.)
Authors: de Assis Sandra Aparecida , Martins Antônio Baldo Geraldo , de Faria Oliveira Olga Maria Mascarenhas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe enzyme pectinmethylesterase (PME) from acerola was extracted and purified by gel anion‐exchange chromatography (Q Sepharose) and filtration on Sephadex G‐100. The results showed two different PME isoforms (PME1 and PME2), with molecular masses of 25.10 and 5.20 kDa, respectively. PME1 specific activity increased by 9.63% after 60 min incubation at 98 °C, while PME2 retained 66% of its specific activity under the same conditions. The Km values of PME1, PME2 and concentrated PME were 0.94, 0.08 and 0.08 mg mL−1, respectively. The Vmax value of PME1, PME2 and concentrated were 204.08, 2, 158.73 and 2.92 µmol min−1 mg−1 protein, respectively. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Capillary electrochromatography of proteins and peptides
Authors: Mikšík Ivan , Sedláková Pavla 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis review summarizes applications of CEC for the analysis of proteins and peptides. This “hybrid” technique is useful for the analysis of a broad spectrum of proteins and peptides and is a complementary approach to liquid chromatographic and capillary electrophoretic analysis. All modes of CEC are described – granular packed columns, monolithic stationary phases as well as open‐tubular CEC. Attention is also paid to pressurized CEC and the chip‐based platform.
Applications of S‐theory in the study of soil physical degradation and its consequences
Authors: Dexter A. R. , Czyż E. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe S‐theory for soil physical quality is introduced. It is shown how values of S can be determined from the water retention characteristic curve. It is also explained how, when experimental data are not available, pedotransfer functions can be used to obtain estimates of S. Although S was first introduced as an index of soil physical quality, it is being increasingly found that it is a useful numerical quantity that can be used in equations for prediction of a range of soil physical properties. Its use is illustrated with examples for hydraulic conductivity, friability, tillage, compaction, penetrometer resistance, plant‐available water, root growth and readily dispersible clay. The main merit of S derives from the fact that given values of S have the same meaning and consequences in different soils. It is described how S can be used to identify areas of land where physical degradation or amelioration are taking place, and to evaluate management practices that will give sustainable land use. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV‐Assisted Surface Modification of Polybutadiene with Phosphorus‐Containing Groups
Authors: Buchgraber Christian , Svagera Robert , Ebel Maria F. , Schröttner Hartmuth , Kern Wolfgang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new method for the modification of polymer surfaces with phosphorus‐containing groups is described. Films of polybutadiene were UV‐irradiated in the presence of PBr3 vapor as a photoreactive agent. After subsequent reaction with water under aerobic conditions, phosphonic acid groups were present at the surface. Similarly, methanolysis yielded phosphonic acid esters at the polymer surface. These conversions have been evidenced by IR and XPS. Using contact masks, a patterned modification with phosphorus‐containing groups was achieved. The UV‐induced attachment of phosphonic acid groups onto polymer surfaces is a way towards biocompatible surfaces, e.g. for prosthetic materials.magnified image
Synthesis of Poly(lauryl acrylate) by Single‐Electron Transfer/Degenerative Chain Transfer Living Radical Polymerization Catalyzed by Na2S2O4 in Water
Authors: Coelho Jorge F. J. , Carvalho Erica Y. , Marques Dina S. , Popov Anatoliy V. , Goncalves Pedro M. , Gil Maria H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLiving radical polymerization of lauryl acrylate was achieved by SET/DTLRP in water catalyzed by sodium dithionite. The work describes the synthesis of a highly hydrophobic and polar monomer in aqueous medium. The plots of $\overline M _{\rm n}$ versus conversion and ln[M]0/[M] versus time are linear, indicating a controlled polymerization. This method leads to α,ω‐diiodopoly(lauryl acrylate)s that can be further functionalized. The MWDs were determined using a combination of three detectors: RALLS, DV, and RI. The method studied in this work represents a possible route to prepare well‐tailored macromolecules made of LA in environment friendly reaction medium. The syndiotactic content is 75%.magnified image
RECURSIVE BAIRE CLASSIFICATION AND SPEEDABLE FUNCTIONS
Authors: Calude Cristian , Istrate Gabriel , Zimand Marius 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUsing recursive variants of Baire notions of nowhere dense and meagre sets we study the topological size of speedable and infinitely often speedable functions in a machine‐independent framework. We show that the set of speedable functions is not “small” whereas the set of infinitely often speedable functions is “large”. In this way we offer partial answers to a question in [4].
TOPOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR FINITE INJURY
Authors: Kontostathis Kyriakos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe formulate an abstract version of the finite injury method in the form of the Baire category theorem. The theorem has the following corollaries: The Friedberg‐Muchnik pair of recursively enumerable degrees, the Sacks splitting theorem, the existence of a minimal degree below 0′ and the Shoenfield jump theorem.
THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ULTRAPRODUCT IN PAVELKA'S LOGIC
Authors: Ying Mingsheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn [This Zeitschrift 25 (1979), 45‐52, 119‐134, 447‐464], Pavelka systematically discussed propositional calculi with values in enriched residuated lattices and developed a general framework for approximate reasoning. In the first part of this paper we introduce the concept of generalized quantifiers into Pavelka's logic and establish the fundamental theorem of ultraproduct in first order Pavelka's logic with generalized quantifiers. In the second part of this paper we show that the fundamental theorem of ultraproduct in first order Pavelka's logic is preserved under some direct product of lattices of truth values.
ON THE INADEQUACY OF THE RELATIONAL SEMANTIC FOR THE “UNTIL” OPERATOR
Authors: Bellissima Fabio , Ciupi Alessandra 
Published: May 2007

AbstractModal logics with the binary operator Until are considered. It is shown that there exists a continuum of consistent U‐logics without Kripke frames, and that each U‐logic whose class of order does not have the finite frame property.
SOME RAMSEY THEORY IN BOOLEAN ALGEBRA FOR COMPLEXITY CLASSES
Authors: McColm Gregory L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is known that for two given countable sets of unary relations A and B on ω there exists an infinite set H ⫅ ω on which A and B are the same. This result can be used to generate counterexamples in expressibility theory. We examine the sharpness of this result.
A GAME‐THEORETIC PROOF OF ANALYTIC RAMSEY THEOREM
Authors: Tanaka Kazuyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe give a simple game‐theoretic proof of Silver's theorem that every analytic set is Ramsey. A set P of subsets of ω is called Ramsey if there exists an infinite set H such that either all infinite subsets of H are in P or all out of P. Our proof clarifies a strong connection between the Ramsey property of partitions and the determinacy of infinite games.
REDUCIBILITY IN SOME CATEGORIES OF PARTIAL RECURSIVE OPERATORS
Authors: Bianchini Caterina , Sorbi Andrea 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider two categories with one object, namely the set of all partial functions of one variable from the set of natural numbers into itself; the morphisms are the partial recursive operators in one case, and certain continuous partial mappings in the other case. We show that these categories are recursion categories and we characterize the domains and the complete domains. Some observations are made on a notion of reducibility obtained by using the total morphisms of these categories, and, subsequently, the general recursive operators.
ON THE TRANSITIVE HULL OF A κ‐NARROW RELATION
Authors: Diener Karl‐Heinz , Diener K.‐H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe will prove in Zermelo‐Fraenkel set theory without axiom of choice that the transitive hull R* of a relation R is not much “bigger” than R itself. As a measure for the size of a relation we introduce the notion of κ+‐narrowness using surjective Hartogs numbers rather than the usul injective Hartogs values. The main theorem of this paper states that the transitive hull of a κ+‐narrow relation is κ+‐narrow. As an immediate corollary we obtain that, for every infinite cardinal κ, the class HCκ of all κ‐hereditary sets is a set with von Neumann rank ϱ(HCκ) ≤ κ+. Moreover, ϱ(HCκ) = κ+ if and only if κ is singular, otherwise ϱ(HCκ) = κ. The statements of the corollary are well known in the presence of the axiom of choice (AC). To prove them without AC ‐ as carried through here ‐ is, however, much harder. A special case of the corollary (κ = ω1, i.e., the class HCω1 of all hereditarily countable sets) has been treated independently by T. JECH.
RESTRICTION RESPECTUEUSE ET RECONSTRUCTION DES CHAINES ET DES RELATIONS INFINITES
Authors: Hagendorf Jean Guillaume , Hagendorf J. G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe show a faithful restriction theorem among infinite chains which implies a reconstructibility conjecture of Halin. This incite us to study the reconstructibility in the sense of Fraïssé and to prove it for orders of cardinality infinite or ≥ 3 and for multirelations of cardinality infinite or ≥ 7, what improves the theory obtained by G. Lopez in the finite case. For this work we had to study the infinite classes of difference which have to be a linear order of type ω, ω* or ω* + ω; this complete the theory made by G. Lopez for the finite case ([13]). We show also Ulam‐reconstructibility for linear orders which have a fixed point.