bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical Biology Approaches to Probe the Proteome
Authors: Ovaa Huib , van Leeuwen Fred 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUnderstanding disease‐associated cellular defects at a molecular level is critical for the development of pharmacological intervention strategies. Recent breakthroughs in microarray and sequencing technologies have provided powerful tools to rapidly reveal the cellular defects caused by alterations in the genome or transcriptome. However, the picture of how the cellular proteome is affected in a disease state and how changes in DNA and RNA affect protein function is often incomplete. This is perhaps not surprising because the functions of proteins are not just determined by primary sequence and abundance, but are under the control of many regulatory mechanisms. Here, we highlight several recent advances in proteomics technologies that are being developed to generate comprehensive human proteome maps and discuss them in the context of strategies that have been developed in simple model organisms. Chemical biology will play a critical role in drafting a map of the proteome with functional information. Chemical genetic approaches that use high‐throughput small molecule screening have resulted in the public availability of small molecule datasets through web interfaces such as PubChem. With such approaches, the opportunities to investigate disease and to explore the proteome with chemistry are rapidly increasing. In addition, new tools are being developed to probe protein function. Here we highlight recent developments in chemical biology and the exciting opportunities that are arising with them.
Sorting variables by using informative vectors as a strategy for feature selection in multivariate regression
Authors: Teófilo Reinaldo F. , Martins João Paulo A. , Ferreira Márcia M. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new procedure with high ability to enhance prediction of multivariate calibration models with a small number of interpretable variables is presented. The core of this methodology is to sort the variables from an informative vector, followed by a systematic investigation of PLS regression models with the aim of finding the most relevant set of variables by comparing the cross‐validation parameters of the models obtained. In this work, seven main informative vectors i.e. regression vector, correlation vector, residual vector, variable influence on projection (VIP), net analyte signal (NAS), covariance procedures vector (CovProc), signal‐to‐noise ratios vector (StN) and their combinations were automated and tested with the main purpose of feature selection. Six data sets from different sources were employed to validate this methodology. They originated from: near‐Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), fluorescence spectroscopy, quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSAR) and computer simulation. The results indicate that all vectors and their combinations were able to enhance prediction capability with respect to the full data sets. However, regression and NAS informative vectors from partial least squares (PLS) regression, both built using more latent variables than when building the model presented in most of tested data sets, were the best informative vectors for variable selection. In all the applications, the selected variables were quite effective and useful for interpretation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanomaterialien im Blut‐ und Gewebekontakt
Authors: Werner C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNanomaterialien haben Einzug in die Medizintechnik gehalten und werden künftig eine immer wichtigere Rolle in neuen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Verfahren spielen. Dabei profitieren sowohl etablierte Produkte wie kardiovaskuläre Implantate als auch neue Konzepte wie etwa die der regenerativen Medizin von den Möglichkeiten der nanoskaligen Gestaltung von Werkstoffen. Der Artikel gibt eine kurze Übersicht über Biomaterialien im Blut‐ und Gewebekontakt und informiert anhand von Beispielen über aktuelle Entwicklungen speziell auf dem Gebiet der nanoskaligen Gestaltung von biofunktionellen polymeren Biomaterialien. Abschließend werden Trends bei der Entwicklung von Nanomaterialien für biomedizinische Anwendungen und sich abzeichnende Schwerpunkte einer künftigen Nanomedizin diskutiert.
NORMUNG in den Nanotechnologien
Authors: Reiners G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie Festlegung von einheitlicher Terminologie, Schnittstellen sowie Mess‐ und Prüfverfahren in Normen schafft Vertrauen bei Endnutzern und Investoren und ebnet den Weg für weitere marktfähige Innovationen. Wer die Norm setzt, macht den Markt. In dem sich schnell entwickelnden Gebiet der Nanotechnologien wurden 2005 in ISO (International Organisation for Standardization), IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) und CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation) neue Normungsausschüsse etabliert, die jeweils den Titel „Nanotechnologies”︁ führen. Terminologie und Nomenklatur, Messtechnik, Gesundheit, Sicherheit und Umwelt sowie Materialspezifikationen bilden den Rahmen, aus denen die aktuellen Normungsthemen generiert werden. Deutschland ist aktiv an diesen internationalen Anstrengungen beteiligt, insbesondere an den wirtschaftlich wichtigen Themen Terminologie und den in der öffentlichen Diskussion besonders aufmerksam verfolgten Feldern Umwelt‐ und Arbeitsschutz.
Geeignete Methoden zur Prüfung der Sicherheit von Nanomaterialien
Authors: Landsiedel R. , Wiench K. , Wohlleben W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDas tiefere Verständnis der Zusammenhänge in der Nanodimension ist die Basis für eine moderne Produktentwicklung. Nanomaterialien können interessante, neue – auch neue biologische ‐ Eigenschaften haben. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage nach einer möglichen nanospezifischen Toxizität. Sie kann von der spezifischen Oberfläche, der Oberflächenchemie, der Größe oder der Form des Nanomaterials abhängen. Bisher ist eine allgemeine Regel für die Abhängigkeit der Toxizität von den genannten Materialeigenschaften noch nicht bekannt. Spezifische Testverfahren zur Abschätzung der Nanotoxizität existieren noch nicht. Eine Entwicklung von Testmethoden zur Untersuchung der Toxizität von Nanomaterialien bezüglich Umwelt und Gesundheit ist ein Anliegen der BASF. Basierend auf bisherigen Erkenntnissen zur Toxikologie, aber auch unter Berücksichtigung möglicher Expositionen am Arbeitsplatz, ist die Aufnahme sowohl über die Atemwege als auch durch Hautkontakt kritisch zu betrachten. In dem Maß, in dem die Nanotechnologien in konkrete Prozesse und Produkte umgesetzt werden, steigt auch die Beurteilungskompetenz zur Abwägung der Chancen gegenüber möglicher Risiken, die mit der Nutzung neuer Technologien in Form innovativer Produkte und Prozesse verbunden sein können. Die BASF erarbeitet eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Datenbasis zur Beurteilung möglicher Risiken, zu der sowohl die Entwicklung spezifischer Expositionsmessung von Nanomaterialien am Arbeitsplatz und die Gefährdungsbeurteilungen entsprechender Arbeitsplätze, Anwendungs‐ und Produktbewertungen als auch die Untersuchung biophysikalischer Eigenschaften und – damit verbunden – spezieller toxikologischer und ökotoxikologische Prüfungen gehören.
Innovation durch Nanointegration – Das Netzwerk für Materialien der Nanotechnik, NanoMat, nutzt Synergiepotenziale und schafft Lust auf Innovationen
Authors: Hedderich R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDie NanoMat‐Partner haben das Ziel, Erkenntnisse der Nanotechnologie in Produkte und Dienstleistungen zu integrieren, um hochqualifizierte industrielle Arbeitsplätze in Deutschland zu schaffen. Von Nanotechnologie spricht man heute im Allgemeinen, sobald Strukturen und Materialien mit einer Dimension oder Fertigungstoleranz typischerweise unter 100 nm zum Tragen kommen. Die Hohensteiner Institute haben in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Netzwerk NanoMat (www.nanomat.de) eine Definition für Nanotechnologie gefunden, die sich auch auf den breiten Bereich der Textilien anwenden lässt. Unter Nanotechnologie versteht man Herstellungs‐ und oder Fertigungsverfahren, die zu einer systemischen Anordnung funktioneller Strukturen führen, die durch ihre Nanoskaligkeit zu größenabhängigen Eigenschaften und zu neuen Funktionalitäten und Anwendungsoptionen von Materialien und Produkten führen.
Modelle und Modelldenken im Chemieunterricht und ein Einblick in das Verständnis von erfahrenen Chemielehrkräften
Authors: Bindernagel Janina A. , Eilks Ingo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractErkenntnisgewinnung ist eine der vier Kompetenzen der Bildungsstandards. Zu dieser Kompetenz gehört unbestritten auch ein reflektierter Umgang mit naturwissenschaftlichen Modellen und dem Prozess der Modellierung. Modelle werden aber auch für die Kommunikation von Chemie genutzt und sind vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Erklärungsmächtigkeit zu bewerten. Daher bilden Modelle und Modellierung ganz wesentliche Säulen der prozessbezogenen Kompetenzen. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift die Diskussion um Modelle und Modelldenken im Chemieunterricht auf und fasst einige aktuelle Forschungs‐ und Diskussionsbeiträge zusammen. Es wird der Versuch unternommen, unklare Trennlinien bei der Diskussion über Modelle und Modelldenken sowie die Bedeutung eines reflektierten Modellbegriffs für den Chemieunterricht herauszuarbeiten. Verbunden wird dies mit Ergebnissen einer Fallstudie aus einem Projekt forschungsorientierten Lernens über die Nutzung des Modellbegriffs von erfahrenen Chemielehrkräften bei ihrer Reflektion über eigene Unterrichtskonzepte.
Efficient and fair scheduling for two‐level information broadcasting systems
Authors: Lee Byoung‐Hoon , Lim Sung‐Hwa , Kim Jai‐Hoon , Cho We‐Duke 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn a ubiquitous environment, there are many applications where a server disseminates information of common interest to pervasive clients and devices. For an example, an advertisement server sends information from a broadcast server to display devices. We propose an efficient information scheduling scheme for information broadcast systems to reduce average waiting time for information access while maintaining fairness between information items. Our scheme allocates information items adaptively according to relative popularity for each local server. Simulation results show that our scheme can reduce the waiting time up to 30% compared with the round robin scheme while maintaining cost‐effective fairness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational Dynamics of Minimal Elastin‐Like Polypeptides: The Role of Proline Revealed by Molecular Dynamics and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Glaves Rachel , Baer Marcel , Schreiner Eduard , Stoll Raphael , Marx Dominik 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrevious molecular dynamics studies of the elastin‐like peptide (ELP) GVG(VPGVG) predict that this ELP undergoes a conformational transition from an open to a more compact closed state upon an increase in temperature. These structural changes occurring in this minimal elastin model at the so‐called inverse temperature transition (ITT), which takes place when elastin is heated to temperatures of about 20–40 oC, are investigated further in this work by means of a combined theoretical and experimental approach. To do this, additional extensive classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the capped octapeptide are carried out, analyzed, and compared to data obtained from homonuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the same octapeptide. Moreover, in the previous simulations, the proline residue in the ELP is found to act as a hinge, thereby allowing for the large‐amplitude opening and closing conformational motion of the ITT. To explore the role of proline in such elastin repeating units, a point mutant (P5I), which replaces the proline residue with an isoleucine residue, is also investigated using the aforementioned theoretical and experimental techniques. The results show that the site‐directed mutation completely alters the properties of this ELP, thus confirming the importance of the highly conserved proline residue in the ITT. Furthermore, a correlation between the two different methods employed is seen. Both methods predict the mutant ELP to be present in an unstructured form and the wild type ELP to have a β‐turn‐like structure. Finally, the role of the peptidyl cis to trans isomerization of the proline hinge is assessed in detail.
Choroidal metastasis from an occult primary diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration: A case report
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna , Adrean Sean D. , Puklin James E. , Feng Jining 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChoroidal masses are rarely the first presentation without the primary tumor being discovered. We described fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a choroidal mass for diagnosis and determining the primary site. The patient, a 50‐year‐old Caucasian male without significant past medical history, presented with visual disturbances and headaches. Intraoperative ocular FNA was performed which was sparsely cellular showing a few loosely cohesive sheets and singly arranged epithelial cells with moderate amount cytoplasm, round large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical stainings on the cell block material showed positive staining of cytokeratin and negative staining of melanoma markers. The diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was rendered. During clinical follow up studies, the patient was found to have a PET positive lung nodule and multiple visceral metastasis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytopathologic differential diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial cells: A logistic regression analysis
Authors: Cakir Ebru , Demirag Funda , Aydin Mehtap , Unsal Ebru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDistinguishing malignant mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial proliferation in both cytologic and surgical pathologic specimens is often a diagnostic challenge. Conventional cytomorphologic assessment is an important step in the differential diagnosis of these entities.The pleural effusion cytologies from 40 cases of malignant mesothelioma, 40 cases of adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of reactive mesothelial proliferation diagnosed between 1997 and 2007 were reviewed. Twenty‐seven cytologic features which are regarded as useful in the differential diagnosis of mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma and benign mesothelial proliferation were assessed. These cytologic features were subjected to a stepwise logistic regression analysis. Three features were selected to distinguish malignant mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma: giant atypical mesothelial cell (P = 0.0001), nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.0001) and acinar structures (P = 0.0001), the latter two being characteristics of adenocarcinoma. The variables selected to differentiate malignant mesothelioma from reactive mesothelial cells were: cell ball formation (P = 0.0001), cell in cell engulfment (P = 0.0001) and monolayer cell groups (P = 0.0001), the latter being a feature of benign mesothelial proliferation. When these selected variables were subjected to a stepwise logistic regression analysis, the logistic model correctly predicted 90% of cases of benign mesothelial proliferation versus 97.5% of malignant mesothelioma and 92.5% of malignant mesothelioma versus 92.5% of adenocarcinoma.Conventional cytomorphologic assessment is the first step to establish an accurate diagnosis in pleural effusions. Several cytologic features have predictive value to seperate malignant mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma and reactive mesothelial proliferation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Indeterminate diagnosis in fine‐needle aspiration of the pancreas: Reasons and clinical implications
Authors: Payne Misty , Staerkel Gregg , Gong Yun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn indeterminate diagnosis made on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) samples of the pancreatic lesions can cause dilemmas in clinical management. We retrospectively analyzed FNA features of such lesions in 65 consecutive pancreatic FNAs from 56 lesions to learn more about the sources of uncertainty and their clinical implications. A definitive diagnosis based on follow‐up information was available in 50 lesions. Radiologically, 39% of the lesions showed a cystic component, and 25% of the lesions were ill‐defined. Cytologically, contributing factors included scant atypical cells, coexistence of gastrointestinal epithelium, pancreatitis, poor cellular preservation, and interpretation error. Repeat sampling, as requested by clinicians prior to treatment, was performed in 33 (66%) of the 50 lesions, leading to a definitive pathologic diagnosis in 20 (61%) lesions. Seventeen lesions were eventually resected, of which a definitive preoperative diagnosis was attempted in 12 lesions via repeat sampling and was successful in seven. We concluded that indeterminate cytologic diagnosis of a pancreatic lesion often needs to be pursued for optimal management. Although intrinsic natures of a lesion such as cystic component may contribute to insufficient sampling, diagnostic certainty can be improved by proper specimen handling, interpretation, and clinical and/or radiographic correlation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melanoma with cartilaginous differentiation: Diagnostic challenge on fine‐needle aspiration with emphasis on differential diagnosis
Authors: Hanley Krisztina Z. , Weiss Sharon W. , Logani Sanjay 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a minimally invasive, fast, and accurate diagnostic method for the evaluation of patients with locally recurrent or distant metastases of malignant melanoma. In the vast majority of cases, the diagnosis is straightforward with the characteristic cytologic features well documented in the literature. Divergent differentiation (chondroid, neural, myofibroblastic, and osteocartilagenous) in a melanoma is rare and can potentially create diagnostic challenges if the evaluator is unaware of the same. We report a case of a 46‐year‐old female with a history of primary anal melanoma who presented with a groin mass. The FNA of the groin mass showed a neoplasm rich in chondroid matrix and raised the possibility of a second primary mesenchymal neoplasm rather than metastasis from the patient's known primary anal melanoma. A review of the histologic features of the anal melanoma showed divergent chondroid differentiation in the anal melanoma with the metastatic deposit in the groin exhibiting extensive chondroid differentiation. The differential diagnostic considerations are discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thyroglobulin measurement on fine‐needle washout fluids: Influence of sample collection methods
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Ceriani Luca , Suriano Sergio , Crippa Stefano 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThyroglobulin (Tg) measurement on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens (Tg‐FNA) is useful in the management of patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, the preanalytical procedure for FNA‐Tg measurement is not standardized. We evaluated the accuracy of FNA‐Tg measurement by using different tubes for needle washout fluids collection.Ultrasound‐guided FNA was performed on a combined 156 lesions from 108 patients. Following cytology sampling, the needles were rinsed by normal saline and aliquots collected into three different tubes (plain serum tube, serum separator tube, and lithium‐heparin tube, respectively). The Tg‐FNA was measured by an immunoradiometric assay.The cytological examination was nondiagnostic in six cases, false‐positive in one, and false‐negative in two cases. The Tg‐FNA was higher in plain serum tubes as compared with serum separator and lithium‐heparin ones. FNA‐Tg measurement on plain serum and serum separator tubes showed a 100% sensitivity while two false‐negative results occurred by lithium‐heparin tubes (sensitivity 98%).The diagnostic performance of FNA‐Tg compared favorably with cytology. However, biases in FNA‐Tg measurement may be introduced by different collection tubes. A collection of standardized washout fluids volume into plain serum tubes is highly recommended. Serum separator tubes and lithium‐heparin tubes may lower measured FNA‐Tg concentration. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hematologic malignancies of the female genital tract diagnosed on liquid‐based Pap test: Cytomorphologic features and review of differential diagnoses
Authors: Hanley Krisztina Z. , Tadros Talaat S. , Briones Alice J. , Birdsong George G. , Mosunjac Marina B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe female genital tract is rarely the primary site for hematologic malignancies; however, secondary involvement of this anatomic site is common. Primary lymphomas of the gynecologic tract are reported to represent less than 1% of extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and the majority of them being B‐cell in origin. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma is the most common subtype, whereas primary extraosseus plasmacytoma of the genital tract is rare.If clinically not suspected, these rare tumors pose a diagnostic challenge both for clinicians and pathologists. Clinical symptoms are often nonspecific and mimic other more common gynecologic malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix or endometrial adenocarcinoma. Although cervico‐vaginal (Pap) smear is the primary screening method for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and its precursors, it is far less sensitive for detection of other primary or metastatic malignancies. In this review, we present three cases of hematologic gynecologic malignancies, two cases of primary NHL, and a case of acute myeloid leukemia with relapse as a pelvic mass, all of which were diagnosed on a liquid‐based Pap test. In addition, we discuss the morphologic features of differential diagnostic entities of these rare tumors on conventional and liquid‐based preparations. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of 1,2‐Hydroboration and 1,1‐Organoboration: A Convenient Route to 5‐Silaspiro[4,4]nona‐1,6‐diene Derivatives
Authors: Khan Ezzat , Wrackmeyer Bernd , Kempe Rhett 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDialkyn‐1‐yl(divinyl)silanes were prepared and their reactions with 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) were studied. 1,2‐Hydroboration takes place selectively at the vinyl group, followed by intramolecular 1,1‐organoboration to form a 1‐silacyclopent‐2‐ene ring. Repetition of this sequence affords, in essentially quantitative yield, 5‐silaspiro[4,4]nona‐1,6‐diene derivatives bearing substituents in the 1,6‐positions and 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl groups in the 2,7‐positions. Protodeborylation with an excess amount of acetic acid gives the respective spirosilanes bearing substituents only in the 1,6‐positions. All new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy in solution (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si NMR) and for two examples of the spirosilanes by X‐ray structural analysis in the solid state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Interaction of Bis(diisopropylamino)carbene with Aroylimines Activated by Trifluoromethyl Groups
Authors: Poliakov Dmytro , Rogalyov Alexey , Shevchenko Igor 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBis(diisopropylamino)carbene deoxygenates the carbonyl group of aroylimines Ar–C(O)–N=C(CF3)2 to form alkenes, which formally result from the coupling of two carbenes, [Ar–C(:)–N=C(CF3)2] and [(iPr2N)2C:]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)