bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical strategy for non‐small cell lung cancer in octogenarians
Authors: IKEDA Norihiko , HAYASHI Aeru , IWASAKI Kentaro , KAJIWARA Naohiro , UCHIDA Osamu , KATO Harubumi 
Published: July 2007

Background and objectives:  This study was conducted to determine the optimal surgical strategy for octogenarians with non‐small cell lung cancer.Methods:  An observational study of 73 patients aged 80 years and over who underwent surgery for non‐small cell lung cancer. Postoperative survival, mortality and morbidity were analysed.Results:  The age of the patients ranged from 80 to 89 with a mean of 83. Cancer types included adenocarcinoma (n = 46), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 22) and large cell carcinoma (n = 5). Lobectomy was performed in 47 patients and limited surgery in 26. The 5‐year survival rate was 57.4% in pathological stage I, 88.9% in stage II and 18.2% in stage III, respectively. The 5‐year survival rate of patients with stage I disease treated by limited resection (58.8%) was similar to that of patients treated by lobectomy (54.9%). Limited resection for stage IA showed slightly better survival than lobectomy (69.4% vs 48.2%, P = 0.10), however, lobectomy was superior to limited resection for stage IB (63.2% vs 16.7%, P = 0.07). Postoperative complications occurred in 27 patients (37%) and nine patients (12%) had multiple complications. There were three postoperative deaths (4.1%).Conclusion:  The early detection of the disease, hopefully in stage IA enables surgical treatment by limited resection of patients aged 80 years and over. A favourable prognosis as well as low morbidity can be anticipated in such cases.
Prolongation of neutrophil survival by the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: NISHIMAKI Katsushi , OKUYAMA Kaori , OKADA Shinji , HATTORI Toshio , TAKAYANAGI Motoaki , OHNO Isao 
Published: July 2007

Background and objectives:  The pathogenesis of airway inflammation in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is unknown. Neutrophil survival‐enhancing activity, partially mediated by granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), has been shown in the sputum from DPB patients. This study investigated the mechanisms of GM‐CSF expression in the airways of DPB patients. This involved examining the effects of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains derived from chronically colonized patients with DPB on neutrophil survival and GM‐CSF expression.Methods:  Neutrophils from healthy subjects were cultured with the culture supernatants of P. aeruginosa isolated from sputum of DPB patients in the presence or absence of anti‐GM‐CSF and anti‐GM‐CSF receptor (α chain) antibodies, and viable neutrophils were counted daily. GM‐CSF gene expression in neutrophils was evaluated by RT‐PCR.Results:  Neutrophils cultured with the culture supernatants showed significantly prolonged survival, compared with neutrophils cultured with the control broth. The neutrophil survival‐enhancing activity in the culture supernatants was lost by heating. The enhanced survival of neutrophils was abolished in the presence of anti‐GM‐CSF and anti‐GM‐CSF receptor (α chain) antibodies. GM‐CSF mRNA was detected in neutrophils cultured with the bacterial supernatants, but not in those with the control broth.Conclusion:  P. aeruginosa‐derived factors (rich in proteins) stimulated neutrophils to synthesize GM‐CSF, which enhanced neutrophil survival in an autocrine/paracrine fashion.
Acute effects of vecuronium on pulmonary function and hypoxemic episodes in preterm infants
Authors: McEVOY CINDY , SARDESAI SMEETA , SCHILLING DIANE , DURAND MANUEL 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Varying effects of pancuronium on neonatal pulmonary mechanics have been documented, including a decrease in pulmonary compliance or no significant change in compliance; but measurements of respiratory mechanics or quantification of episodes of hypoxemia in preterm newborns receiving vecuronium (Norcuron, Bedford Labs, Bedford, OH, USA) have not been reported. The objective of the present study was to quantify the short‐term effects of vecuronium on pulmonary mechanics and episodes of hypoxemia in preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation.Methods: A total of 15 preterm infants (birthweight 610–1560 g, gestational age 25–32 weeks, postnatal age 0.2–22 days) was studied. The initial dose of vecuronium used for the study was 0.2 mg/kg i.v. Measurements of respiratory mechanics were obtained 1 h prior to and 1 h after the initial dose of vecuronium at comparable ventilator settings and fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2). Dynamic respiratory compliance and respiratory resistance were calculated by two‐factor least mean square analysis. Pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO2) was measured during both 1 h intervals with the Nellcor N‐200 oximeter, a computer, and a software program for quantification of episodes of hypoxemia. Heart rate and blood pressure were also monitored.Results: There were no significant differences in tidal volume, respiratory compliance, or respiratory resistance when comparing measurements obtained before and after vecuronium administration. However, fewer episodes of hypoxemia (SpO2 < 85%, P = 0.025; and SpO2 < 80%, P = 0.04) were observed during muscle relaxation. No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were noted.Conclusions: The preliminary data indicate: (i) a single dose of vecuronium does not significantly change respiratory compliance or respiratory resistance in preterm infants and (ii) during muscle relaxation fewer episodes of desaturation (hypoxemia) are observed.
Family and segregation studies: 411 Chinese children with primary nocturnal enuresis
Authors: WANG QING WEI , WEN JIAN GUO , ZHANG RUI LI , YANG HE YING , SU JING , LIU KUI , ZHU QING HUA , ZHANG PENG 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present paper was to determine the incidence of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) among relatives of Chinese children with PNE, the inheritance pattern, and to identify the characteristics of PNE with positive family history.Methods: From July 2003 to June 2004, an epidemiological survey on PNE children was carried out by self‐administered questionnaires to parents of 5–18‐year‐old Chinese students in Henan Province, central China. A detailed family history was recorded in order to determine the presence of familial PNE as defined as any close relative with PNE beyond the age of 5 years.Results: The response rate was 88% (10 383/11 799), and 411 children (235 boys and 176 girls) with PNE were identified. A positive family history was found in 94 families (22.87%) of 411 probands with PNE, including 48.94% of fathers, 8.51% of mothers, 6.38% of both parents, 6.38% of the siblings and 29.79% of grandfathers or (and) mothers. Among the probands the ratio of male to female was 1.3:1 excluding sex‐linked inheritance. Autosomal dominant inheritance was in 14.60%, and autosomal recessive inheritance was consistent in 1.46% of families. In PNE children with positive family history, the proportion of adolescents, with associated daytime symptoms, marked PNE and seeking professional help were significantly higher than those in PNE children without positive family history.Conclusions: PNE has a significant family clustering, and all modes of inheritance can occur in different families on the basis of a formal genetic analysis. Those with positive family history often manifest marked PNE, and have daytime symptoms.
Complications of central venous catheterization in critically ill children
Authors: KARAPINAR BULENT , CURA ALPHAN 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Placement of central venous catheter is essential in the management of critically ill children. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the success rate, mechanical and thrombotic complications and risk factors associated with these complications from different central venous access sites in critically ill children.Methods: A prospective study was undertaken from February 2000 to March 2005 of 369 central venous catheterizations in children in a pediatric intensive care unit.Results: The veins most frequently used were femoral vein (45%), subclavian vein (32.2%), and internal jugular vein (22.8%). Mean ± SD duration of catheterization was 9.5 ± 6.5 days. The procedure was performed under emergency conditions in 18% of patients with an overall success rate of 92.4%. The success rate was significantly lower in younger patients with subclavian catheterization. Insertion‐related complications were noted, including 33 arterial punctures (8.9%), 27 cases of malposition (7.3%), 19 hematomas (5.2%), 12 cases of minor bleeding (3.3%), and three cases of pneumothorax (0.8%), and they were more common in the subclavian vein than in the internal jugular and femoral vein. Multiple attempts and failed attempts significantly correlated with higher incidence of complications. Maintenance‐related complications included obstruction (n = 26; 7%), accidental removal (n = 14; 3.8%), central venous thrombosis (n = 8; 2.2%), subcutaneous extravasation (n = 14; 3.8%), dislodgment (n = 1; 0.25%), and extravascular infusion (n = 1; 0.25%). The frequency of catheter maintenance‐related complications was significantly higher in femoral catheterizations and increased significantly with an increase in the duration of catheterization. A total of five serious complications were seen (pneumothorax in three, dislodgment in one and extravascular infusion in one) in the present series.Conclusions: Central venous catheterization in critically ill children is a relatively safe procedure, with a 1.3% rate of serious complications and no mortality. It seems safer to choose initially the femoral or internal jugular vein instead of the subclavian vein because of high success rate without serious insertion‐related complications.
Body composition and respiratory function in healthy non‐obese children
Authors: GONZALEZ‐BARCALA FRANCISCO J. , TAKKOUCHE BAHI , VALDES LUIS , LEIS ROSAURA , ALVAREZ‐CALDERON PEDRO , CABANAS RODRIGO , RODRÍGUEZ SUAREZ JOSE R. , TOJO RAFAEL 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the role that body composition plays in lung function, among healthy children and adolescents.Methods: Cross‐sectional study was undertaken using sex‐ and age‐stratified sampling among healthy children and adolescents aged 6–18 years. Spirometry was performed on every child who fulfilled inclusion criteria. Fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM) were calculated from triceps skinfold thickness and arm circumference. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) between low pulmonary function (PF) of schoolchildren and body composition expressed in FM and FFM. Calculations of OR imply that the outcome is dichotomous (low PF/normal PF), therefore those children who had parameters of pulmonary function below the 25th percentile were classed as cases and the rest of the subjects were considered as controls.Results: A total of 2408 children were included; 1270 (53%) of them were male and 1138 (47%), female. Among boys the increase of FFM was associated with an increase of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Among girls the increase of FFM was associated with an increase of FEV1, forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow. The increase in FM was associated with a decrease of spirometric parameters in both genders, with a stronger effect among boys.Conclusions: The present study confirms the negative effect of body fat on the PF of children and adolescents, even though obese subjects were excluded. The effect is different between boys and girls.
Effects of folic acid on preschool children’s appetite: Randomized triple‐blind clinical trial
Authors: HATAMIZADEH NIKTA , EFTEKHAR HASSAN , SHAFAGHI BIJAN , MOHAMMAD KAZEM 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: In recent years some Iranian pediatricians have used folic acid empirically as an appetite‐enhancing drug in poor‐appetite, low‐weight children. Many parents have expressed their satisfaction with this treatment but until now no study has been done to confirm or exclude folic acid as an appetite enhancer.Methods: In order to determine if complementary folic acid has any effect on preschool children’s appetite, 61 3–5‐year‐old children (27 girls and 34 boys) whose weight/age and weight/height ratios were below the 25 centile and whose parents regarded them as having poor appetite were randomly assigned to receive either folic acid (1 mg/day) or placebo for 20 days. The primary outcome measures were any appetite changes during and 1 month after the end of the intervention, measured by means of a questionnaire completed by parents on the 20th and 60th days. Secondary measures were mean weight gain on the 30th and 60th days.Results: Children who received folic supplement had a significantly better appetite on the 20th day than those who received placebo (mean difference of appetite score: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 0.1–3.4; P = 0.04) and significantly more children receiving folic acid were reported to have increased appetite than the placebo group (P = 0.03). But 40 days after the end of the intervention there was no difference between the two groups. Weight gain did not significantly differ between groups.Conclusions: Although folic acid appears to improve preschool children’s appetite, further study is necessary to determine whether it has any effect on growth as an adjunctive to management protocols of low appetite for undernourished children.
Mutations in type I collagen genes in Japanese osteogenesis imperfecta patients
Authors: KATAOKA KYOKO , OGURA ERIKO , HASEGAWA KOSEI , INOUE MASARU , SEINO YOSHIKI , MORISHIMA TSUNEO , TANAKA HIROYUKI 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes are very large and have been rarely analyzed systematically in Japan. The aim of this project was to develop an effective and convenient method of finding mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 gene by using denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC).Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons of genomic DNA from the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene were followed by heteroduplex analysis by DHPLC. Products containing heteroduplexes were then sequenced.Results: Twenty‐two OI families were analyzed, and 193 of the 1122 PCR products in the COL1A1 gene, all containing heteroduplexes, were sequenced. Sixty‐two samples had single‐base substitutions or single‐base deletions or insertions within introns. Eight had single‐base substitutions in exons. Six were pathogenic mutations, and two were silent mutations. In 16 families not identified with pathogenic mutation in COL1A1, COL1A2 was similarly analyzed. A total of 138 of the 848 PCR products were sequenced, and 46 samples had single‐base substitutions, or single‐base deletions or insertions within introns. Twenty‐four samples had single‐base substitutions in exons. Three were pathogenic mutations and the others silent.Conclusions: Mutations were identified in nine COL1A1/COL1A2 associated with OI type I–IV genes by scanning with DHPLC. Software was used to detect point mutation and large deletions/insertions in COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes.
Hyaluronic acid: Additional biochemical marker in the diagnosis of biliary atresia
Authors: UKARAPOL NUTHAPONG , WONGSAWASDI LUMDUAN , ONG‐CHAI SIRIWAN , RIDDHIPUTRA PORNTHAWEE , KONGTAWELERT PRACHYA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the value of biochemical markers, including conventional liver function tests, γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), and hyaluronic acid (HA), in the diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis.Methods: Infants with neonatal jaundice were consecutively enrolled during 1 year period. The patients were diagnosed as having biliary atresia (BA) if there was either bile ductular proliferation in the portal tracts, atretic common bile duct/gallbladder, or evidence of bile duct obstruction demonstrated by liver pathology or intraoperative cholangiography, respectively. Serum HA was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based test.Results: A total of 25 patients diagnosed as having BA (n = 10), neonatal hepatitis (NH; n = 9), choledochal cyst (n = 3) and parenteral nutrition‐induced cholestasis (n = 3), were studied. The age at diagnosis was not significantly different between groups. Only GGT and HA were significantly elevated in the patients with BA when compared to NH (P  =  0.02, P  =  0.03, respectively). In BA, the median value of serum HA was 514 ng/mL (range 19–4476 ng/mL), compared to 50 ng/mL (range 19–315 ng/mL) in NH. Additionally, the serum HA level was much higher in children with choledochal cyst.Conclusion: HA could be considered as a complementary biochemical marker for evaluating infants with prolonged jaundice.
Evaluation of shigellosis in a Turkish children’s hospital
Authors: KARACAN CANDEMIR , TAVIL BETÜL , TOPAL YASAR , ZORLU PELIN , TAYMAN CÜNEYT 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: The aim of the present study was to evaluate cases of Shigella and determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of shigella species in central Turkey.Methods and Results: One hundred and ninety‐eight patients with shigella gastroenteritis presenting to Sami Ulus Children’s Hospital from June 2002 to December 2002 were included in the study. The clinical and laboratory data of the patients with shigellosis were collected by chart review. Male/female ratio was 1.35 and mean age was 4.83 ± 3.2 years (range: 1–16 years). Shigella sonnei (83.3%) was the most common serogroup. This was followed by S. flexneri (10.1%), then S. dysenteria (5.1%), and S. boydii (1.5%). The antibiotic susceptibility of the shigella strains was determined. Most strains of Shigella species were resistant to trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (90.4%). All strains were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%). Ampicillin susceptibility was 86.4% and cefotaxim (and/or ceftriaxon) susceptibility was 98%.Conclusion: Ampicillin is the drug of choice in the treatment of shigella infection in this region of Turkey. Cefotaxim or ceftriaxon was the second choice of antibiotics. Thus, Shigella is an important etiologic agent of diarrhea in Turkey. To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the Shigella strains and appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment in Turkey, further studies will be needed.
Epidemiology of school urinary screening over a 30 year period in Tokyo
Authors: YANAGIHARA TAKESHI , KURODA NAO , HAYAKAWA MARI , YOSHIDA JUNKO , TSUCHIYA MASAMI , YAMAUCHI KUNIAKI , MURAKAMI MUTSUMI , FUKUNAGA YOSHITAKA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: A school urinary screening (SUS) system has been conducted for 30 years in Japan, but the cross‐sectional data have never been reported or analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the data epidemiologically.Methods: All elementary and junior high school children in public school in Tokyo who had SUS performed by the Tokyo Health Service Association from 1974 to 2002 (approx. 400 000–600 000 children per year) were involved. The cross‐sectional data were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: During the first 10 years of SUS, the prevalence of abnormal urinalysis in both the first and second screenings varied widely, and the result of the second screening was affected by that of the first screening. The results of both first and second screening were highly correlated with the prevalence of hematuria, especially microhematuria, in both elementary and junior high school children. They were also correlated with the prevalence of proteinuria in junior high school children. Important factors that affected the prevalence of hematuria and/or proteinuria were reagent strips and sampling method of urinalysis.Conclusions: In order to validate SUS, attention should be paid to quality controls of the screening method, such as the selection of reagent strips, and the participants should be instructed to strictly adhere to the sampling method.
Etiology of neonatal gastric perforations: Review of 10 years’ experience
Authors: DURAN RIDVAN , İNAN MUSTAFA , VATANSEVER ÜLFET , ALADAĞ NÜKHET , ACUNAŞ BETÜL 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Neonatal gastric perforation (NGP) is a rare event and its etiology is still controversial. Although it has previously been described as spontaneous, recently some risk factors have been reported to be associated with the development of NGP including prematurity and nasal ventilation. The purpose of the present paper was to report and discuss etiology, clinical features, and outcome of the authors’ NGP cases over a 10 year period.Methods: Charts of five infants with NGP was reviewed in terms of gender, birthweight, gestational age, time of diagnosis, associated disease, site of perforation, type of surgery performed, and clinical outcome.Results: There were three boys and two girls with a mean birthweight and gestational age of 1650 g and 32 weeks, respectively. Three of them were premature. Mean perforation time was day 10 postnatally. Three infants had associated problems including prematurity, respiratory distress syndrome type 1, necrotizing enterocolitis, mechanical ventilator support, and one of them had tracheaesophageal fistula. Mothers of two out of these three infants had chorioamnionitis. One full‐term infant received dexamethasone because of brain edema. Only one patient had no associated problem. Perforation occurred in the lesser curvature in three infants and in the greater curvature in two infants. Mortality rate was 60%.Conclusions: Contrary to previous literature, and similar to recent publications, it was found that essentially low‐birthweight infants with tracheaesophageal fistula or chorioamnionitis and full‐term babies on steroid therapy may have a risk for NGP, suggesting that an infant with contributing factors should be monitored more carefully for the development of NGP.
Sagittal spinal alignment in patients with Legg‐Calve‐Perthes disease
Authors: KITOH HIROSHI , KITAKOJI TAKAHIKO , KATOH MITSUYASU , ISHIGURO NAOKI 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground: Legg‐Calve‐Perthes disease (LCPD) is an avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis in children. Several studies found a pathophysiological relationship between LCPD and juvenile Scheuermann’s kyphosis, suggesting an abnormal spinal condition related to osteochondrogenesis. In the present study sagittal spinal alignment of the patients with LCPD was analyzed to examine associated spinal involvement.Methods: A standing lateral radiograph of the spine was evaluated in 78 patients who had a history of LCPD. Various parameters of sagittal spinal alignment, including thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral inclination (SI), apex of thoracic kyphosis (TK‐apex) and lumbar lordosis (LL‐apex), and sagittal balance (SB; positive SB values represent a sagittal balance in front of the sacrum) were measured and compared between the patients with and without vertebral abnormalities.Results: Compared to previously published normative data, relatively decreased LL was evident in LCPD. Most of the patients (65%) had negative SB, which was correlated with decreased SI, more proximal TK‐apex, and more distal LL‐apex. Vertebral abnormalities including end‐plate irregularities and wedging vertebrae were observed in 20 patients. Decreased SI, more distal LL‐apex, and more negative SB were remarkable in the patients with vertebral abnormalities.Conclusions: The patients tended to stand in greater negative sagittal balance associated with decreased LL. The characteristic sagittal alignment was prominent especially in the patients with vertebral abnormalities. Wedging vertebrae, probably due to growth disturbance of the vertebral bodies, could result in decreased LL, which leads to posterior pelvic tilt and posterior shift of sagittal balance.