bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the stock status of holobenthic octopus fisheries: is catch per unit effort sufficient?
Authors: Leporati Stephen C. , Ziegler Philippe E. , Semmens Jayson M. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Leporati, S. C., Ziegler, P. E., and Semmens, J. M. 2009. Assessing the stock status of holobenthic octopus fisheries: is catch per unit effort sufficient? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 478–487. Holobenthic and merobenthic octopus fisheries are commonly treated as biological equivalents, regardless of their contrasting life-history strategies. This is the consequence of a lack of species identification and relevant biological information for many species, which has led to a reliance on catch per unit effort (cpue) data for stock status assessments. Using the commercial Octopus pallidus fishery in southeast Australian waters as a case study, the reliability of commercial cpue data as an indicator of stock status for holobenthic octopus fisheries was assessed. To achieve this, cpue and biological information from a fixed position experimental research line were investigated for consistency in stock status patterns and compared with commercial fishery cpue trends. Research line results revealed that cpue could remain stable regardless of size-selective fishing mortality potentially impacting recruitment. The cpue in the commercial fishery was very seasonal and dominated by females during autumn, when both cpue and spawning periods peaked, so increasing the potential for negative fishery impacts on egg production. The inability of cpue to account for the effects of continual fishing pressure on recruitment or seasonal changes in sex-specific catchability, however, indicates that cpue alone cannot provide sufficient information on the status of a holobenthic octopus fishery.
Prevention of proliferative changes of forestomach mucosa by blood glucose control with insulin in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Sano Tomoya , Ozaki Kiyokazu , Kodama Yasushi , Matsuura Tetsuro , Narama Isao 
Published: January 2009

Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors for carcinogenesis. Recently we reported that alloxan induces squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with coincidental inflammation, bacteria/fungal infections, and a severe diabetic condition. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of blood glucose control with insulin on the proliferative changes of the forestomach in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. Male 15‐week‐old WBN/Kob rats were divided into a control group of non‐treated rats with naturally occurring diabetes after 40 weeks of age (non‐treated group), alloxan‐induced diabetic rats (AL group), and alloxan‐induced diabetic rats given insulin implant treatment (AL + In group). The animals were sacrificed at 90 weeks of age for histopathologic examination. The blood glucose and urinary glucose level of the AL + In group fluctuated variously from high to normal levels compared with a constantly high level of AL (for 75 weeks) as well as in the non‐treated group (for 50 weeks). The mucosal hyperplasia in the forestomach developed in 88.2% of the AL group and 37.5% of the non‐treated group, but in only 10.0% of the AL + In group. SCC was only detected in 23.5% of the AL group. Hyperplastic changes were constantly accompanied by inflammation and fungal/bacterial infections in the AL and non‐treated groups, whereas inflammation and fungal infection were completely suppressed in the AL + In group. These findings demonstrate that blood glucose control suppressed neoplastic changes in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. We postulate that inflammation together with bacterial/fungal infections under prolonged severe diabetic conditions play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. (Cancer Sci 2009; 100: 595–600)
Increased abscisic acid levels in transgenic tobacco over‐expressing 9 cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase influence H2O2 and NO production and antioxidant defences
Authors: ZHANG YIMING , TAN JIALI , GUO ZHENFEI , LU SHAOYUN , HE SIJIAN , SHU WEI , ZHOU BIYAN 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTAbscisic acid (ABA) regulates the plant's adaptive responses to abiotic stresses. Over‐expression of the 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene (SgNCED1) in the transgenic tobaccos increased ABA content and tolerance to drought and salt stresses. H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) contents were enhanced in guard cells and mesophyll cells of the transgenic plants, accompanied with increased transcripts and activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). The enhancements of H2O2 and NO and transcripts and activities of antioxidant enzymes in the transgenic plants were blocked by pre‐treatments with inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, scavengers of H2O2 and NO, and inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and NO synthase‐like (NOS‐like). The elevated production of NO in the transgenic plants was blocked by scavenger of H2O2 and inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, whereas H2O2 level was not affected by scavenger of NO and inhibitor of NOS‐like, indicating that H2O2 is essential for the elevated production of NO. The results demonstrate that the increased drought and salt tolerance in the transgenic plants is associated with ABA‐induced production of H2O2 via NADPH oxidase and NO via NOS‐like, which sequentially induce transcripts and activities of SOD, CAT, APX and GR.
Genetic diversity of Chinese domestic goat based on the mitochondrial DNA sequence variation
Authors: Liu Y.‐P. , Cao S.‐X. , Chen S.‐Y. , Yao Y.‐G. , Liu T.‐Z. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of domestic goat in China. For this purpose, we determined the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in 72 individuals of the Yangtze River delta white goat, and reanalysed 723 published samples from 31 breeds/populations across China. All goat haplotypes were classified into four haplogroups (A–D) previously described. The phylogenetic pattern that emerged from the mtDNA control region sequence was confirmed by the analysis of the entire cytochrome b sequence of eight goats representative of the four haplogroups. It appeared that in Chinese domestic goat, haplogroups A and B were dominant and distributed in nearly all breeds/populations, while haplogroups C and D were only found in seven breeds/populations. Four breeds/populations contained all four haplogroups. When grouping the breeds/populations into five geographic groups based on their geographic distributions and ecological conditions, the southern pasturing area had the highest diversity whereas the northern farming area had the lowest diversity. 84.29% and 11.37% of the genetic variation were distributed within breeds and among breeds within the ecologically geographical areas, respectively; only 4% of genetic variation was observed among the five geographic areas. We speculate that the traditional seasonal pastoralism, the annual long‐distance migrations that occurred in the past, and the commercial trade would account for the observed pattern by having favoured gene flows.
SHOULD KANTIANS BE CONSEQUENTIALISTS?
Authors: Ross Jacob 
Published: January 2009

AbstractParfit argues that a form of rule consequentialism can be derived from the most plausible formulation of the fundamental principle of Kantian ethics. And so he concludes that Kantians should be consequentialists. I argue that we have good reason to reject two of the auxiliary premises that figure in Parfit's derivation of rule consequentialism from Kantianism.1
UK INFLATION: PERSISTENCE, SEASONALITY AND MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Osborn Denise R. , Sensier Marianne 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTIn the light of the changes to UK monetary policy since the early 1980s, we study the existence and nature of changes in the properties of retail price inflation over this period. A feature of our analysis is the attention paid to the marked seasonal pattern of monthly UK inflation. After taking account of seasonality, both univariate and Phillips curve models provide strong evidence of changes in the level and persistence of inflation around the end of 1992, at the time of the introduction of inflation targeting. Indeed, all models point to the effective disappearance of inflation persistence after this date, implying that constant‐parameter models estimated using both pre‐ and post‐inflation targeting data periods should be treated with considerable caution.
MONEY DEMAND STABILITY AND INFLATION PREDICTION IN THE FOUR LARGEST EMU COUNTRIES
Authors: Carstensen Kai , Hagen Jan , Hossfeld Oliver , Neaves Abelardo Salazar 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we analyze the money demand functions of the four largest EMU countries and of the four‐country (EMU‐4) aggregate. We identify reasonable and stable money demand relationships for Germany, France and Spain as well as the EMU‐4 aggregate. For the case of Italy, results are less clear. From the estimated money demand functions, we derive both EMU‐4 and country‐specific measures of money overhang. We find that the EMU‐4 overhang measure strongly correlates with the country‐specific measures, particularly since the start of EMU, and is useful to predict country‐specific inflation. However, it generally does not encompass country‐specific money overhang measures as predictors of inflation. Hence, aggregate money overhang is an important, but by far not an exhaustive, indicator for the disaggregate level.
Effects of intermodal attention on the auditory steady‐state response and the event‐related potential
Authors: Saupe Katja , Widmann Andreas , Bendixen Alexandra , Müller Matthias M. , Schröger Erich 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to simultaneously measure and compare intermodal attention effects in event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) and auditory steady‐state responses (ASSRs). For this purpose, 40‐Hz amplitude modulated tones and a visual fixation cross were presented concurrently. By means of target detection tasks either on the sounds or on the fixation cross, participants' attention was directed to the respective modality. Attended sounds elicited a negative difference (Nd) in the ERP relative to unattended sounds. Nd was divided into an early and a late part as often observed for intramodal attention. Moreover, attention to the sounds led to a significant enhancement of the ASSR. This modulation of the ASSR by intermodal attention is demonstrated for the first time in the EEG. The present data suggest that ASSRs could provide a useful tool for the investigation of the neural dynamics of intermodal attentional processes.
Sonic Hedgehog signaling in astrocytes is dependent on p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and G‐protein receptor kinase 2
Authors: Atkinson Peter J. , Dellovade Tammy , Albers David , Von Schack David , Saraf Kathryn , Needle Elie , Reinhart Peter H. , Hirst Warren D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe molecular determinants of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling in mammalian cells and, in particular, those of the CNS are unclear. Here we report that primary cortical astrocyte cultures are highly responsive to both Shh protein and Hh Agonist 1.6, a selective, small molecule Smoothened agonist. Both agonists produced increases in mRNA expression of Shh‐regulated gene targets, Gli‐1 and Patched in a cyclopamine‐ and forskolin‐sensitive manner. Using this model we show for the first time that Shh pathway activation mediates rapid increases in p38 MAPK phosphorylation, without altering phosphorylation of either extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinases or c‐jun N‐terminal kinases. Selective inhibition of p38 MAPK significantly attenuated Shh‐dependent up‐regulation of Gli‐1, inter‐alpha trypsin inhibitor and thrombomodulin mRNA, however did not affect expression of insulin‐like growth factor 2 or a novel Shh target, membrane‐associated guanylate kinase p55 subfamily member 6. Using RNAi and a constitutively‐active mutant we show that Shh signaling to p38 MAPK and subsequent Gli‐1 transcription requires G‐protein receptor kinase 2. Taken together, these findings provide evidence for a central role of G‐protein receptor kinase 2‐dependent p38 MAPK activity in regulating Shh‐mediated gene transcription in astrocytes.
An improved cost‐effective, reproducible method for evaluation of bone loss in a rodent model
Authors: Fine Daniel H. , Schreiner Helen , Nasri‐Heir Cibele , Greenberg Barbara , Jiang Shuying , Markowitz Kenneth , Furgang David 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAim: This study was designed to investigate the utility of two “new” definitions for assessment of bone loss in a rodent model of periodontitis.Material and Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), group 2 was infected with an Aa leukotoxin knock‐out, and group 3 received no Aa (controls). Microbial sampling and antibody titres were determined. Initially, two examiners measured the distance from the cemento‐enamel‐junction to alveolar bone crest using the three following methods; (1) total area of bone loss by radiograph, (2) linear bone loss by radiograph, (3) a direct visual measurement (DVM) of horizontal bone loss. Two “new” definitions were adopted; (1) any site in infected animals showing bone loss >2 standard deviations above the mean seen at that site in control animals was recorded as bone loss, (2) any animal with two or more sites in any quadrant affected by bone loss was considered as diseased.Results: Using the “new” definitions both evaluators independently found that infected animals had significantly more disease than controls (DVM system; p<0.05).Conclusions: The DVM method provides a simple, cost effective, and reproducible method for studying periodontal disease in rodents.
Protection afforded by live attenuated SIV is associated with rapid killing kinetics of CTLs
Authors: Rollman Erik , Mason Rosemarie D. , Lin Jie , Brooks Andrew G. , Kent Stephen J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground  Live attenuated SIV vaccines are highly efficacious, but how they mediate protection is poorly understood. A feature of the effectiveness of live attenuated vaccines is their ability to control high dose challenge viruses early, without a large peak of acute viraemia. We hypothesized that long‐lived antigen exposure from live attenuated SIV may result in CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes persistently capable of rapidly cytolytic potential.Methods  We employed a kinetic degranulation assay to study multiple tetramer+ SIV‐specific CTL specificities before and after the SIVmac251 challenge of pigtail macaques inoculated with a live attenuated SIV.Results  Live attenuated SIV‐vaccinated animals rapidly controlled a subsequent challenge, with minimal viraemia after exposure. For over 9 months after the initial vaccination with live attenuated SIV we could detect both Gag‐ and Tat‐specific CTLs that maintained a long‐term capacity to rapidly degranulate (CD107a expression) and release granzyme B within 30 minutes of antigen exposure. This rapid cytolytic phenotype was maintained throughout the early period after challenge, despite the absence of a marked enhancement in CTL frequencies.Conclusions  Our results suggest that highly functional CTLs may contribute to the remarkable efficacy of live attenuated SIV vaccines. Studying the killing kinetics of CTLs induced by other, safer, HIV vaccines could facilitate a better understanding of the requirements for an effective HIV vaccine.
Allergy in day care children: prevalence and environmental risk factors
Authors: Hatakka Katja , Piirainen Laura , Pohjavuori Sara , Poussa Tuija , Savilahti Erkki , Korpela Riitta 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAim: To investigate the prevalence of atopic disease among Finnish day care children and the relationship between atopy and environmental factors.Methods: A cross‐sectional study of 594 day care children aged 1–6 years from Helsinki, Finland. Each child's history of atopic diseases and environmental exposure was collected in a questionnaire completed by the parents.Results: The prevalence of diagnosed asthma was 0.9% for the 1–3‐year olds and 5.5% for the 4–6‐year olds, atopic eczema/dermatis was 16% in both groups, and allergic rhinitis 5% in the younger group, 9% in the older group. According to multivariable logistic regression models, breastfeeding (exclusive ≥4 months or partial ≥6 months) reduced the risk of atopic diseases (OR = 0.60; CI95 0.39–0.93, p = 0.021). Atopic diseases were more common in the oldest age group, 5–6‐year olds, compared to the youngest, 1–2‐year olds (OR = 2.18; CI95 1.14–4.15, p = 0.018). One parent with atopic disease increased the child's risk (OR = 1.89; CI95 1.20–2.97, p = 0.006), more so if both parents had a history (OR = 3.17; CI95 1.48–6.78, p = 0.003).Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that breastfeeding for at least six months may protect against atopic diseases. The child's greater age (5–6 years) and parental history of atopic diseases increased the risk of atopy.
Isolation of sixteen autosomal loci and a sex‐linked polymorphic microsatellite locus from the Milne‐Edwards’ sportive lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi)
Authors: CRAUL M. , DAWSON D. A. , RADESPIEL U. , ZIMMERMANN E. , BRUFORD M. W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe isolated 21 microsatellites from the Milne‐Edwards’ sportive lemur, Lepilemur edwardsi. Eighteen microsatellite sequences possessed sufficient flanking DNA for primer design. Seventeen loci amplified and were found to be polymorphic displaying two to 17 alleles in 32 unrelated individuals from a population from the National Park of Ankarafantsika in northwest Madagascar. One locus (Led‐12) was found to be sex linked located on the X chromosome and can be used to sex‐type 40% of female L. edwardsi lemurs. These 17 loci were characterized to investigate family structure and the phylogeography of L. edwardsi.
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.)
Authors: CHEN C. , LIEWLAKSANEEYANAWIN C. , FUNDA T. , KENAWY A. , NEWTON C. H. , EL‐KASSABY Y. A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWestern larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) is an important ecological and commercial species in the Pacific Northwest. We isolated nine microsatellite loci with variable polymorphism ranging from five to 19 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities averaged 0.42 and 0.64 and ranged from 0.11 to 0.83 and from 0.48 to 0.80, respectively. These markers, along with those already existing, will be useful for the species’ gene resource management activities.
Isolation of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera) and their efficient characterization by heteroduplex analysis
Authors: KAISER TOBIAS S , HECKEL DAVID G 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTen polymorphic microsatellite loci were cloned and characterized for the marine midge Clunio marinus (Chironomidae, Diptera). The number of alleles ranged from three to 31, the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.06 to 0.83. During preliminary tests for polymorphisms, we identified subtly differing alleles due to the heteroduplexes they formed on nondenaturing gels. This allowed for the use of unlabelled primers in standard lower resolution PAGE and thus saved time and money in primer testing.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Authors: BAI XIAODONG , SAEB AMR T. M. , MICHEL ANDREW , GREWAL PARWINDER S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwenty microsatellite loci were identified from genomic DNA enrichment and expressed sequence tags of entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Eight loci were found to be polymorphic in a Northeast Ohio H. bacteriophora population. Levels of polymorphism were evaluated in 31–56 individuals and the number of alleles ranged from two to three. The values of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0 to 0.536 and from 0.223 to 0.616, respectively. All eight loci showed heterozygote deficiencies, but three conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium at the subpopulation level. This is the first set of microsatellite markers in entomopathogenic nematodes.
Characterization of 22 novel single nucleotide polymorphism markers in steelhead and rainbow trout
Authors: CAMPBELL NATHAN R. , OVERTURF KEN , NARUM SHAWN R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThirty‐two individuals representing coastal and inland populations of steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were sequenced at 18 expressed sequence tags and nine microsatellite loci to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms. A total of 98 polymorphisms were discovered during the screen and 22 were developed into 5′ exonuclease assays (Taqman assays). Genotypes from TaqMan assays were compared to sequence data from individuals in the ascertainment panel to confirm proper allele designations. A larger number of samples (n = 192) from six regions were tested with the validated assays. Per‐locus FST values ranged from 0.001 to 0.414.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers in the black spiny tailed iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata) and their cross‐utility in other Ctenosaura
Authors: ZARZA EUGENIA , PEREYRA RICARDO T. , REYNOSO VICTOR H. , EMERSON BRENT C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Mexican black iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata) and assessed levels of polymorphism in sampling sites located in the northern areas of the species’ distribution range. Two to 19 alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.15 to 0.96 were detected. These markers will be useful to describe population genetic structure, the extent of gene flow in contact zones, to study the mating system of the species and to address conservation genetics issues. Additionally, we evaluated the potential utility of these markers for studies of other species within the genus Ctenosaura (i.e. C. hemilopha, C. similis and C. oaxacana).
Microsatellite markers for the Amazon peacock bass (Cichla piquiti)
Authors: CARVALHO D. C. , OLIVEIRA D. A. A. , SAMPAIO I. , BEHEREGARAY L. B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA set of primers to amplify 10 microsatellite DNA loci was developed for the Neotropical fish Cichla piquiti, one of the largest sized cichlids in the Amazon Basin. These loci were used to genotype individuals from two populations, one native population from the Tocantins River, the other an introduced population in southeast Brazil, Upper Paraná River. Cross‐amplification was also successful for another species of peacock bass, C. kelberi. An average of 4.4 alleles per locus (2–9 alleles) was detected. These markers will be useful for the characterization of genetic structure of native populations, and also for invasive biology studies since Cichla species have been introduced in many river basins outside their native ranges.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the endangered Miami blue butterfly (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri)
Authors: SAARINEN EMILY V. , DANIELS JARET C. , MARUNIAK JAMES E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Miami blue butterfly (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri) is a state‐endangered taxon in Florida and a candidate for federal listing. Here we report 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci appropriate for use in population and conservation studies. We genotyped 114 individuals sampled from a metapopulation in the lower Florida Keys over a 2‐year period (2005–2006). These results show 4–14 alleles per locus, and ranges of observed and expected heterozygosities are 0.02679–0.79630 and 0.06154–0.69565, respectively. Large deviations from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) are observed across the whole sample set. When a single breeding population is analysed alone, seven of the loci are in HWE.