bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modelling of impact seismic sources using the stress glut theory
Authors: Froment Marouchka , Lognonné Philippe , Larmat Carene , Lei Zhou , Rougier Esteban , Kawamura Taichi 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
Meteorite impacts have proved to be a significant source of seismic signal on the Moon, and have now been recorded on Mars by InSight seismometers. Understanding how impacts produce seismic signal is key to the interpretation of this unique data, and to improve their identification in continuous seismic records. Here, we use the seismic Representation Theorem, and particularly the stress glut theory, to model the seismic motion resulting from impact cratering. The source is described by equivalent forces, some resulting from the impactor momentum transfer, and others from the stress glut, which represents the mechanical effect of plasticity and non linear processes in the source region. We condense these equivalent forces into a point-source with a time-varying single force and nine-component moment tensor. This analytical representation bridges the gap between the complex dynamics of crater formation, and the linear point-source representation classically used in seismology. Using the multiphysics modelling software HOSS, we develop a method to compute the stress glut of an impact, and the associated point-source from hypervelocity impact simulations. For a vertical and an oblique impact at 1000 m s−1, we show that the moment tensor presents a significant deviatoric component. Hence, the source is not an ideal isotropic explosion contrary to previous assumptions, and draws closer to a double couple for the oblique impact. The contribution of the point force to the seismic signal appears negligible. We verify this model by comparing two signals: (1) HOSS is coupled to SPECFEM3D to propagate the near-source signal elastically to remote seismic stations; (2) the point-source model derived from the stress-glut theory is used to generate displacements at the same distance. The comparison shows that the point-source model is accurately simulating the low-frequency impact seismic waveform, and its seismic moment is in trend with Lunar and Martian impact data. High-frequencies discrepancies exist, which are partly related to finite-source effects, but might be further explained by the difference in mathematical framework between classical seismology and HOSS’ numerical modelling.
Evaluating the cost-emissions trade-offs of a modal shift in intermodal and synchromodal transportation planning
Authors: van Staden Heletjé E , Yee Hannah , Boute Robert N 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: Aris Syntetos
Intermodal transportation planning combines road with more sustainable transportation modes to encourage a modal shift. To evaluate the impact of a modal shift on transportation cost and emissions, we propose an intermodal transportation planning model to provide transparency in the cost-emissions trade-off. The model incorporates minimum load requirements, time windows, freight consolidation and stochastic travel times to generate alternative transportation options. It also includes order consolidation to facilitate the utilization of transportation modes that would otherwise be infeasible due to, for instance, minimum load requirements. We also propose a synchromodal planning tool to evaluate re-planning and re-consolidation options in response to disruptions. We numerically illustrate the working of our model using a representative network setting and quantify the trade-offs concerning costs and emissions by evaluating different transportation route options.
Assessment for Antibodies to Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Persons Developing Flu-Like Reactions During Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Moro Ruth N , Mehaffy Carolina , De Prithwiraj , Phillips Elizabeth , Borisov Andrey S , Sterling Timothy R , Dobos Karen M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear.

Methods
We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Flu-like reaction was defined as a grade ≥2 of any of flu-like symptoms. Controls (3HP or 9H) did not report flu-like reactions. We developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibodies against rifapentine, isoniazid, rifampin, and rifapentine metabolite.

Results
Among 128 participants, 69 received 3HP (22 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls) and 59 received 9H (12 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls). In participants receiving 3HP, anti-rifapentine IgG was identified in 2 of 22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 6 of 47 (13%) controls (P = .7), anti-isoniazid IgG in 2 of 22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 4 of 47 (9%) controls (P = .9). Among participants receiving 9H, IgG and IgM anti-isoniazid antibodies were each present in 4 of 47 (9%) controls, but none among participants with flu-like reactions; anti-rifapentine IgG antibodies were not present in any participants with flu-like reactions or controls.

Conclusions
We detected anti-rifapentine, anti-isoniazid, and anti-rifapentine metabolite antibodies, but the proportions of participants with antibodies were low, and did not differ between participants with flu-like reactions and those without such reactions. This suggests that flu-like reactions associated with 3HP and 9H were not antibody mediated.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00023452.
Reconstruction of remodeling units reveals positive effects after 2 and 12 months of romosozumab treatment
Authors: Eriksen Erik F , Boyce Rogely W , Shi Yifei , Brown Jacques P , Betah Donald , Libanati Cesar , Oates Mary , Chapurlat Roland , Chavassieux Pascale 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Romosozumab treatment results in a transient early increase in bone formation and sustained decrease in bone resorption. Histomorphometric analyses revealed that the primary bone-forming effect of romosozumab is a transient early stimulation of modeling-based bone formation on cancellous and endocortical surfaces. Furthermore, preclinical studies have demonstrated that romosozumab may affect changes in the remodeling unit, resulting in positive bone balance. To further investigate the effects of romosozumab on bone balance, mo 12 (M12) and mo 2 (M2) (to analyze early effects) unpaired bone biopsies from the FRAME clinical trial were analyzed using remodeling site reconstruction to assess whether positive changes in bone balance on cancellous/endocortical surfaces may contribute to the progressive improvement in bone mass/structure and reduced fracture risk in osteoporotic women at high fracture risk. At M12, bone balance was higher with romosozumab vs placebo on cancellous (+6.1 vs +1.5 μm; P = .012) and endocortical (+5.2 vs −1.7 μm; P = .02) surfaces; higher bone balance was due to lower final erosion depth (40.7 vs 43.7 μm; P = .05) on cancellous surfaces and higher completed wall thickness (50.8 vs 47.5 μm; P = .037) on endocortical surfaces. At M2, the final erosion depth was lower on the endocortical surfaces (42.7 vs 50.7 μm; P = .021) and was slightly lower on the cancellous surfaces (38.5 vs 44.6 μm; P = .11) with romosozumab vs placebo. Sector analysis of early endocortical formative sites revealed higher osteoid thickness (29.9 vs 19.2 μm; P = .005) and mineralized wall thickness (18.3 vs 11.9 μm; P = .004) with romosozumab vs placebo. These evolving bone packets may reflect the early stimulation of bone formation that contributes to the increase in completed wall thickness at M12. These data suggest that romosozumab induces a positive bone balance due to its effects on bone resorption and formation at the level of the remodeling unit, contributing to the positive effects on bone mass, structure, and fracture risk.
Measuring and Testing Systemic Risk from the Cross-Section of Stock Returns
Authors: Gil Jaime Jesús , Olmo Jose 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study proposes a novel measure of systemic risk that is obtained by aggregating downside risk information from the cross section of assets. In contrast to existing studies, we expand the analysis of systemic risk to many assets and focus on marginal measures of tail risk that are aggregated using a Fisher-type test to detect the risk of systemic events. The presence of downside risk for each asset of the cross section is examined through a bootstrap test of first-order stochastic dominance between the underlying tail distribution and the tail distribution of the residuals of a multivariate DCC-GARCH model. The application of these methods to the cross section of the FTSE-100 stock returns provides overwhelming evidence on the presence of financial instability during the period 2006–2009. Interestingly, we also find compelling evidence of systemic risk during the 2012–2015 period coinciding with the European debt crisis and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
The Competition Law and Institutions of the European Union
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter sketches the history and functions of the EU and its institutions in order to set the EU competition rules in context. It then describes the competition provisions themselves and outlines the way in which the rules are applied and enforced, including the public enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 under Regulation 1/2003, the control of mergers with a European dimension under Regulation 139/2004, public enforcement by the national competition authorities of the Member States, and the role of private enforcement. It discusses the position and powers of the European Commission, particularly the role of the Competition Directorate General (DG Comp); the powers of the EU Courts; the significance of fundamental rights and the general principles of EU law in competition cases; the application of competition rules to particular sectors of the economy; and the application of the EU rules to the EEA.
Article 101 TFEU: The Elements
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the text and scheme of Article 101 which prohibits agreements, decisions and concerted practices which restrict competition and may affect trade between Member States. It explains the terms employed in Article 101(1) and how they are interpreted and applied. This entails a discussion of the meaning of ‘undertaking’ and ‘association of undertakings’, including the concepts of ‘economic activities’ and of a ‘single economic entity’; the meaning of ‘agreement’ including the coverage of both horizontal and vertical agreements; the meaning of ‘concerted practice’; the meaning of ‘decisions by associations of undertakings’; the application of Article 101(1) to complex arrangements and single continuous infringements; and the meaning of an appreciable effect on trade between Member States.
Agora: Multicomponent simulation for cross-survey science
Authors: Omori Yuuki 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Next-generation cosmological surveys will observe large portions of the sky, with significant overlap between them. Multi-wavelength observations will enable us to analyse the same large-scale structure from different angles using a variety of tracers and astrophysical effects. The complex interplay between these observables calls for a model that can accurately and coherently describe their collective behaviour, posing a challenge that can only be met through the use of simulations. In this work, a suite of simulated extragalactic skies is presented, including maps and/or catalogues of cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ/kSZ) effects, cosmic infrared background (CIB), radio sources, galaxy overdensity and galaxy weak lensing. Each of these probes is implemented in the lightcone using halo catalogues and/or particles from the Multidark-Planck2 ($\small {MDPL2}$) N-body simulation, and the modelling is calibrated using hydrodynamic simulations and publicly available data. The auto and cross-spectra of the individual probes, as well as the cross-spectra between the observables, are shown to be consistent with theoretical models and measurements from data. The simulation is shown to have a wide range of applications, including forecasting, pipeline testing, and evaluating astrophysical biases in cross-correlation measurements. It is further demonstrated that the simulation products produced in this work have sufficient accuracy to recover the input cosmology when subjected to a full cosmological analysis and are ready for application in real-world analyses for ongoing and future surveys. The simulation products presented in this work can be accessed at: https://yomori.github.io/agora/index.html.
A low-mass helium star progenitor model for the Type Ibn SN 2020nxt
Authors: Wang Qinan , Goel Anika , Dessart Luc , Fox Ori D , Shahbandeh Melissa , Rest Sofia , Rest Armin , Groh Jose H , Allan Andrew , Fransson Claes , Smith Nathan , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Filippenko Alexei V , Andrews Jennifer , Bostroem K Azalee , Brink Thomas G , Brown Peter , Burke Jamison , Chevalier Roger , Clayton Geoffrey C , Dai Mi , Davis Kyle W , Foley Ryan J , Gomez Sebastian , Harris Chelsea , Hiramatsu Daichi , Howell D Andrew , Jennings Connor , Jha Saurabh W , Kasliwal Mansi M , Kelly Patrick L , Kool Erik C , Liu Evelyn , Ma Emily , McCully Curtis , Miller Adam M , Murakami Yukei , Gonzalez Estefania Padilla , Pellegrino Craig , Perera Derek , Pierel Justin , Rojas-Bravo César , Siebert Matthew R , Sollerman Jesper , Szalai Tamás , Tinyanont Samaporn , Van Dyk Schuyler D , Zheng WeiKang , Chambers Kenneth C , Coulter David A , de Boer Thomas , Earl Nicholas , Farias Diego , Gall Christa , McGill Peter , Ransome Conor L , Taggart Kirsty , Villar V Ashley 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
A growing number of supernovae (SNe) are now known to exhibit evidence for significant interaction with a dense, pre-existing, circumstellar medium (CSM). SNe Ibn comprise one such class that can be characterized by both rapidly evolving light curves and persistent narrow He i lines. The origin of such a dense CSM in these systems remains a pressing question, specifically concerning the progenitor system and mass-loss mechanism. In this paper, we present multiwavelength data of the Type Ibn SN 2020nxt, including HST/STIS ultraviolet spectra. We fit the data with recently updated CMFGEN models designed to handle configurations for SNe Ibn. The UV coverage yields strong constraints on the energetics and, when combined with the CMFGEN models, offer new insight on potential progenitor systems. We find the most successful model is a ≲4 M⊙ helium star that lost its $\sim 1\, {\rm M}_\odot$ He-rich envelope in the years preceding core collapse. We also consider viable alternatives, such as a He white dwarf merger. Ultimately, we conclude at least some SNe Ibn do not arise from single, massive (&gt;30 M⊙) Wolf–Rayet-like stars.
Cosmological parameters estimated from peculiar velocity–density comparisons: calibrating 2M++
Authors: Hollinger Amber M , Hudson Michael J 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Cosmological parameters can be measured by comparing peculiar velocities with those predicted from a galaxy density field. Previous work has tested the accuracy of this approach with N-body simulations, but generally on idealized mock galaxy surveys. However, systematic biases may arise solely due to survey selection effects such as flux-limited samples, edge-effects, and complications due to the obscuration of the Galactic plane. In this work, we explore the impact of each of these effects individually as well as collectively using the semi-analytic models from numerical simulations to generate mock catalogues that mimic the 2M++ density field. We find the reconstruction and analysis methods used for our 2M++ mocks produce a value of fσ8 that is biased high by a factor 1.04 ± 0.01 compared to the true value. Moreover, a cosmic volume matching that of 2M++ has a cosmic variance uncertainty in fσ8 of $\sim 5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The systematic bias is a function of distance: it is unbiased close to the origin but is biased slightly high for distances in the range 100–180 h−1 Mpc. Correcting for this small bias, we find that recent peculiar velocity samples yield $f\sigma _8^{\textrm {lin}} = 0.362\pm 0.023$, a value that is in tension with the extrapolations from cosmic microwave background measurements. The predicted peculiar velocities from 2M++ have an error of 170 km s−1 that slowly increases with distance, exceeding 200 km s−1 only at distances of 180–200 h−1Mpc. Finally, the residual bulk flow speeds found in previous work are shown to be not in conflict with those expected in the Λ cold dark matter model.
How phytochemicals influence reproductive outcomes in women receiving assisted reproductive techniques: a systematic review
Authors: Kircali-Haznedar Nagihan , Mumusoglu Sezcan , Bilgic Pelin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Over the past few years, there has been an increasing amount of scholarly literature suggesting a connection between the nutritional status of pregnant mothers and early fetal development, as well as the long-term health consequences of their offspring. Multiple studies have documented that alterations in dietary patterns prior to conception have the potential to affect the initial stages of embryonic development.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the research pertaining to the correlation between phytochemicals ( specifically, polyphenols, carotenoids and phytoestrogens) and assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Data sources
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials databases were searched from January 1978 to March 2023.

Study Selection
This study comprised observational, randomized controlled, and cohort studies that examined the effects of phytochemicals on ART results. The study's outcomes encompass live birth rate, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing pregnancy.

Data extraction
The assessment of study quality was conducted by 2 researchers, independently, using the Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research.

Results
A total of 13 studies were included, of which there were 5 randomized controlled studies, 1 nonrandomized controlled study, 6 prospective cohort studies, and 1 retrospective cohort study.

Conclusion
This research focused on investigating the impact of phytochemicals on ART and has highlighted a dearth of articles addressing that topic. Collaboration among patients, physicians, and nutritionists is crucial for doing novel research.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023426332.
Why Economic Inequality Undermines Political Trust: An Analysis of Mechanisms
Authors: Jin Shuai , Hu Yue , Meng Tianguang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research suggests that economic inequality reduces political trust after the public recognizes the inequality and perceives it as a failure of the political system in Western democracies. This study challenges this presumed “output evaluation model” (OEM) both theoretically and empirically. We provide an alternative mediator evaluation model (MEM) contending that objective inequality affects political trust through government-performance mediators, without requiring accurate public perception of inequality or specific regime types. With nationwide economic inequality and public opinion data from China, we examined both the OEM implication and four MEM mechanisms through impartial governance, responsiveness, judicial fairness, and anti-corruption efforts. Findings indicate that the mediating mechanisms, rather than direct inequality, shape political trust, with robust evidence even after addressing endogeneity. This study broadens the understanding of the intricate relationship between systemic conditions and individual perceptions, offering significant insights into the dynamics of trust in political institutions in a general sense.
Metaverse in the world of trademark law
Authors: Lastiri Santiago Mónica 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
From the beginning of recorded history, industry has been using trademarks to identify and differentiate their products or services from others of the same type and quality. Traditionally, due to the significance of trademarks for trade and industry worldwide, most countries have adopted legislation to enforce their rights against real world infringers. However, in the 21st century, trademark owners must be aware of metaverse world infringers.
Text messaging support to enhance nurses' well-being and connectedness
Authors: Chichester Melanie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Nurses face numerous stressors due to increasing patient acuity, challenging staffing ratios, and trauma from the COVID-19 pandemic, among many other factors. To help improve nurses' daily self-care, nurses need diverse tools and interventions, such as peer support through text messaging (TM). This article evaluates the benefits of TM and strategies to use TM in providing effective peer support among nurses.
Surgical Treatment of Superficial Peroneal Neuroma With Intramuscular Transposition
Authors: Scheinberg Mila , Miller Stuart D. , McCrosson Matthew , Shah Ashish 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Peripheral nerve injury with neuroma formation is a painful consequence of surgical interventions and acute trauma. The superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) is susceptible to damage, and neuroma formation is common following lateral ankle surgery. Conservative treatments often fail to provide relief, leading to surgical intervention decisions. Surgical techniques for managing SPN neuromas vary, including nerve excision, transposition, and grafting. This report discusses a technique involving neuroma excision, cauterization, and burial into the peroneus brevis muscle.

Materials and Methods:
A 29-year-old male experienced pain and paresthesia months after a lower leg injury. Examination and ultrasound confirmed an SPN neuroma. Initial conservative treatments were ineffective, leading to surgical considerations. A 4 to 5 cm incision was made proximal to the lateral malleolus, exposing the SPN. Dissection released the SPN from the crural fascia, and the peroneus brevis muscle was split to accommodate nerve burial. The neuroma was excised, and the terminal SPN stump was cauterized. The proximal nerve was secured within the peroneus brevis muscle, and wound closure was performed.

Results:
The procedure was executed without complications. The patient reported significant improvement in pain and paresthesia following surgery. Over a 3-year follow-up period, the patient experiences no recurrence of symptoms related to the neuroma.

Discussion:
Transection, cauterization, and intramuscular transposition of the proximal nerve stump offer reliable treatment for symptomatic superficial peroneal neuromas. Cauterizing the terminal nerve end with a bipolar device is a simple adjunctive procedure that warrants consideration for similar cases.