bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique {H(SiR3)2}, (H2SiR3), H(HSiR3), and (H2)SiR3Ligand Sets Supported by the {Fe(Cp)(L)} Platform (L=CO, PR3)
Authors: Vyboishchikov Sergei F. , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis work deals with the type and incidence of nonclassical SiH and HH interactions in a family of silylhydride complexes [Fe(Cp)(OC)(SiMenCl3−n)H(X)] (X=SiMenCl3−n, H, Me,n=0–3) and [Fe(Cp)(Me3P)(SiMenCl3−n)2H] (n=0–3). DFT calculations complemented by atom‐in‐molecule analysis and calculations of NMR hydrogen–silicon coupling constants revealed a surprising diversity of nonclassical SiH and HH interligand interactions. The compounds [Fe(Cp)(L)(SiMenCl3−n)2H] (L=CO, PMe3;n=0–3) exhibit an unusual distortion from the ideal piano‐stool geometry in that the silyl ligands are strongly shifted toward the hydride and there is a strong trend towards flattening of the {FeSi2H} fragment. Such a distortion leads to short SiH contacts (range 2.030–2.075 Å) and large Mayer bond orders. A novel feature of these extended SiH interactions is that they are rather insensitive towards the substitution at the silicon atom and the orientation of the silyl ligand relatively the FeH bond. NMR spectroscopy and bonding features of the related complexes [Fe(Cp)(OC)(SiMenCl3−n)H(Me)] (n=0–3) allow for their rationalization as usual η2‐SiH silane σ‐complexes. The series of “dihydride” complexes [Fe(Cp)(OC)(SiMenCl3−n)H2] (n=0–3) is different from the previous two families in that the type of interligand interactions strongly depends on the substitution on silicon. They can be classified either as usual dihydrogen complexes, for example, [Fe(Cp)(OC)(SiMe2Cl)(η2‐H2)], or as compounds with nonclassical HSi interactions, for example, [Fe(Cp)(OC)(H)2(SiMe3)] (16). These nonclassical interligand interactions are characterized by increased negativeJ(H,Si) (e.g. −27.5 Hz) and increasedJ(H,H) (e.g. 67.7 Hz).
The Domino Chemistry Approach to Molecular Complexity: Competing Domino Processes Modulated by the Substitution Pattern
Authors: Safir Imad , Castellote Isabel , Porcel Susana , Kaoudi Talbi , Birlirakis Nicolas , Toupet Loïc , Arseniyadis Siméon 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOxidative cleavage with lead tetraacetate results in the synthesis of different oxygen heterocycles starting from the same unsaturated 1,2‐diol of type I by tuning of the substitution pattern at the angular position. When this compound bears a functional substituent, such as an alkoxy, ester, alkenyl, or simply a hydrogen, more than one reaction pathway are in competition. The process allows for the selective formation of three different complex ring systems, by the appropriate choice of the angular substituent, leading to either a ring‐expanded type 1, ring‐retained type 2, or domino products 3.
Phane Properties of [2.2]Paracyclophane/Dehydrobenzoannulene Hybrids
Authors: Hinrichs Heino , Boydston Andrew J. , Jones Peter G. , Hess Kirsten , Herges Rainer , Haley Michael M. , Hopf Henning 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of [2.2]paracyclophane/dehydrobenzo[14]annulene (PC/DBA) hybrids (hydrocarbons 5, 6, 9, 10 b, and 10 c), [2.2]paracyclophane/dehydro[14]annulene (PC/DA) hybrids (7 and 8) and suitable model systems (11, 12, and 33) has been synthesized. Comparison of the electronic absorption spectra in each series of compounds provides further insight into the global communication between the decks in the [2.2]paracyclophane unit.
Excellent survival, cancer type, and Nottingham grade after atypical lobular hyperplasia on initial breast biopsy
Authors: McLaren Bernadette K. , Schuyler Peggy A. , Sanders Melinda E. , Jensen Roy A. , Simpson Jean F. , Dupont William D. , Page David L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) is associated with a 10% to 20% risk of subsequent invasive carcinoma, primarily in the ipsilateral breast. Nottingham grading, special tumor types, and survival after invasive cancer diagnosis were analyzed consistently for the first time.METHODS.A longitudinal follow‐up study of 252 women who underwent 261 benign surgical biopsies between 1950 and 1985 with a diagnosis of ALH was undertaken. Subsequent invasive breast cancers were graded and subtyped based on histologic features and the cohort assessed for cancer survival.RESULTS.Forty‐eight (19%) women developed invasive breast cancer at an average of 15.1 years. Twenty (42%) of the tumors were special subtype tumors with good prognosis. By an average of 13 years after invasive cancer diagnosis, 2 (10%) of 20 women with special type and variant tumors had died of breast cancer, compared with 9 (32%) of 28 women with tumors of no special type (24 tumors) or an unknown type (4 tumors). Only 1 patient with a tumor of low Nottingham grade died of breast cancer.CONCLUSIONS.ALH is a nonobligate cancer precursor associated with a moderate risk of breast cancer and predicts that later cancers are associated with overall excellent survival. Nearly half of the subsequent cancers show classic or variant patterns of special types with a good prognosis and the majority are of low or intermediate combined histologic grade. Treatment of women with ALH should be influenced by their modest elevation in breast cancer risk and the good prognosis and low mortality of many of these cancers. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Toxicity and outcome of a phase II trial of taxane‐based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3‐dimensional, conformal, accelerated radiotherapy in locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Rojas Ana M. , Lyn Basil E. , Wilson Elena M. , Williams Frances J. , Shah Nihal , Dickson Jeanette , Saunders Michele I. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the acute and late adverse effects of taxane/carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3‐dimensional, conformal radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODSForty‐two patients were entered into a nonrandomized Phase II study of continuous, hyperfractionated, accelerated radiotherapy (CHART) week‐end less (CHARTWEL) to a dose of 60 grays (Gy). Three cycles of chemotherapy were given over 9 weeks before radiotherapy. Dose escalation with paclitaxel was from 150 mg/m2 to 225 mg/m2. Systemic toxicity to chemotherapy was monitored throughout. Radiation‐induced, early, adverse effects were assessed during the first 9 weeks from the start of radiotherapy, and late effects were assessed from 3 months onward. Overall survival, disease‐free survival, and locoregional tumor control also were monitored.RESULTSTwenty percent of patients failed to receive chemotherapy as planned, primarily because of neutropenia. The incidence of Dische Dictionary Grade ≥2 and Grade ≥3 dysphagia was 57.5% and 10%, respectively, with an average duration of 1.2 weeks and 1.5 days, respectively. By 9 weeks, <3% of patients were symptomatic; and, eventually, all acute reactions were healed, and there has been no evidence of consequential damage. At 6 months, the actuarial incidence of moderate‐to‐severe pneumonitis was 10%. During this time, all patients were free of severe pulmonary complications. Actuarial estimates of Grade ≥2 late lung dysfunction were 3% at 1 year, 10% at 2 years, and remained at this level thereafter. The actuarial 3‐year locoregional control and overall survival rates were 54% and 45%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSNeoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by 3‐dimensional, conformal CHARTWEL 60‐Gy radiotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC was feasible and was tolerated well. Historic comparisons indicated that locoregional tumor control is not compromised by the use of conformal techniques. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Linear accelerator radiosurgery for pituitary macroadenomas
Authors: Voges Juergen , Kocher Martin , Runge Matthias , Poggenborg Jorg , Lehrke Ralph , Lenartz Doris , Maarouf Mohammad , Gouni‐Berthold Ioanna , Krone Wilhelm , Muller Rolf‐Peter , Sturm Volker 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.A prospective study was conducted to assess the efficacy and side effects of linear accelerator (LINAC)‐based radiosurgery (RS) performed with a reduced dose of therapeutic radiation for patients with surgically inaccessible pituitary macroadenomas.METHODS.From August 1990 through January 2004, 175 patients with pituitary macroadenomas were treated with LINAC‐RS according to a prospective protocol. To minimize the risk for radiation‐induced damage of the pituitary function, the therapeutic dose to be applied was limited to 20 grays.RESULTS.Among 175 patients, 142 patients who had a minimum follow‐up of 12 months (mean ± standard deviation, 81.9 ± 37.2 months) were included in the current study. The local tumor control rate was 96.5%, and the tumor response rate was 32.4%. The mean time (± standard deviation) from LINAC‐RS to normalization of pathologic hormone secretion was 36.2 ± 24.0 months. The probability for normalization was 34.3% at 3 years and 51.1% at 5 years. The frequency of endocrine cure (defined as the normalization of hormone secretion without specific medication intake) was 35.2% (mean ± standard deviation time to cure, 42.1 ± 25.0 months). Patients with Cushing disease had a statistically significant greater chance of achieving a cure (P = .001). Side effects of LINAC‐RS were deterioration of anterior pituitary function (12.3%), radiation‐induced tissue damage (2.8%), and radiation‐induced neuropathy (1.4%).CONCLUSIONS.LINAC‐RS using a lower therapeutic radiation dose achieved local tumor control and normalization or cure of hormone secretion comparable to the results achieved with γ‐knife RS. Compared with the latter, the time to normalization or endocrine cure was delayed, most probably as a result of dose reduction. However, the lower therapeutic radiation dose did not prevent radiation‐induced damage of pituitary function completely. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The influence of family history on breast cancer risk in women with biopsy‐confirmed benign breast disease
Authors: Collins Laura C. , Baer Heather J. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Connolly James L. , Colditz Graham A. , Schnitt Stuart J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn association between histologic category of benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer risk has been well documented. However, the influence of a positive family history (FH) on breast cancer risk among women with biopsy‐confirmed BBD is less certain.METHODSThe authors conducted a nested case–control study of BBD and breast cancer risk among 2005 women who were enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study. Cases were women with breast cancer who had a previous benign breast biopsy (n = 395 women). Controls were women who also had previous biopsy‐confirmed BBD but were free from breast cancer at the time the corresponding case was diagnosed (n = 1610 women). BBD slides were reviewed and categorized as either nonproliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia, or atypical hyperplasia (AH).RESULTSCompared with women who had nonproliferative lesions and no FH, women who had proliferative lesions without atypia and a positive FH had a higher breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.61–3.70) than women with no FH (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.12–2.06; P = .07). Among women who had AH, the OR for the development of breast cancer was 4.38 (95% CI, 2.93–6.55) for those with no FH and 5.37 (95% CI, 3.01–9.58) for those with a positive FH (P = .57). There was no significant interaction between the type of BBD and FH (P = .74).CONCLUSIONSA positive FH of breast cancer slightly increased the breast cancer risk among women who had proliferative lesions without atypia. The increase in risk of breast cancer associated with FH was not significant among women who had AH. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Regulation of the Neurofibromatosis 2 gene promoter expression during embryonic development
Authors: Akhmametyeva Elena M. , Mihaylova Maria M. , Luo Huijun , Kharzai Sadeq , Welling D. Bradley , Chang Long‐Sheng 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMutations in the Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene are associated with predisposition to vestibular schwannomas, spinal schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas. Presently, how NF2 is expressed during embryonic development and in the tissues affected by neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) has not been well defined. To examine NF2 expression in vivo, we generated transgenic mice carrying a 2.4‐kb NF2 promoter driving β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) with a nuclear localization signal. Whole‐mount embryo staining revealed that the NF2 promoter directed β‐gal expression as early as embryonic day E5.5. Strong expression was detected at E6.5 in the embryonic ectoderm containing many mitotic cells. β‐gal staining was also found in parts of embryonic endoderm and mesoderm. The β‐gal staining pattern in the embryonic tissues was corroborated by in situ hybridization analysis of endogenous Nf2 RNA expression. Importantly, we observed strong NF2 promoter activity in the developing brain and in sites containing migrating cells including the neural tube closure, branchial arches, dorsal aorta, and paraaortic splanchnopleura. Furthermore, we noted a transient change of NF2 promoter activity during neural crest cell migration. While little β‐gal activity was detected in premigratory neural crest cells at the dorsal ridge region of the neural fold, significant activity was seen in the neural crest cells already migrating away from the dorsal neural tube. In addition, we detected considerable NF2 promoter activity in various NF2‐affected tissues such as acoustic ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, spinal ganglia, optic chiasma, the ependymal cell‐containing tela choroidea, and the pigmented epithelium of the retina. The NF2 promoter expression pattern during embryogenesis suggests a specific regulation of the NF2 gene during neural crest cell migration and further supports the role of merlin in cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation during development. Developmental Dynamics 235:2771–2785, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in gravitational force cause changes in gene expression in the lens of developing zebrafish
Authors: Shimada Naoko , Moorman Stephen J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractGravity has been a constant physical factor during the evolution and development of life on Earth. We have been studying effects of simulated microgravity on gene expression in transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing gfp under the influence of gene‐specific promoters. In this study, we assessed the effect of microgravity on the expression of the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene in lens during development using transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing gfp under the control of hsp70 promoter/enhancer. Hsp70:gfp expression was up‐regulated (45%) compared with controls during the developmental period that included the lens differentiation stage. This increase was lens specific, because the entire embryo showed only a 4% increase in gfp expression. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the hsp70:gfp expression recapitulated endogenous hsp70 mRNA expression. Hypergravity exposure also increased hsp70 expression during the same period. In situ hybridization analysis for two lens‐specific crystallin genes revealed that neither micro‐ nor hypergravity affected the expression level of βB1‐crystallin, a non‐hsp gene used as a marker for lens differentiation. However, hypergravity changed the expression level of αA‐crystallin, a member of the small hsp gene family. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay analysis showed that altered‐gravity (Δg) decreased apoptosis in lens during the same period and the decrease correlated with the up‐regulation of hsp70 expression, suggesting that elimination of nuclei from differentiating lens fiber cells was suppressed probably through hsp70 up‐regulation. These results support the idea that Δg influences hsp70 expression and differentiation in lens‐specific and developmental period specific manners and that hsp family genes play a specific role in the response to Δg. Developmental Dynamics 235:2686–2694, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The molecular setup of the avian head mesoderm and its implication for craniofacial myogenesis
Authors: Bothe Ingo , Dietrich Susanne 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe head mesoderm is the mesodermal tissue on either side of the brain, from forebrain to hindbrain levels, and gives rise to the genuine head muscles. Its relatedness to the more posterior paraxial mesoderm, the somites, which generate the muscles of the trunk, is conversely debated. To gain insight into the molecular setup of the head mesoderm, its similarity or dissimilarity to the somitic mesoderm, and the implications of its setup for the progress of muscle formation, we investigated the expression of markers (1) for mesoderm segmentation and boundary formation, (2) for regional specification and somitogenesis and (3) for the positive and negative control of myogenic differentiation. We show that the head mesoderm is molecularly distinct from somites. It is not segmented; even the boundary to the first somite is ill‐defined. Importantly, the head mesoderm lacks the transcription factors driving muscle differentiation while genes suppressing differentiation and promoting cell proliferation are expressed. These factors show anteroposteriorly and dorsoventrally regionalised but overlapping expression. Notably, expression extends into the areas that actively contribute to the heart, overlapping with the expression of cardiac markers. Developmental Dynamics 235:2845–2860, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal expression and function of the Drosophila sox gene Dichaete during oogenesis
Authors: Mukherjee Ashim , Melnattur Krishna V. , Zhang Mao , Nambu John R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMembers of the Sox family of DNA‐binding HMG domain proteins have been shown to regulate gene transcription in a wide range of developmental processes, including sex determination, neurogenesis, and chondrogenesis. However, little is known about their potential functions in developing germline tissues. In Drosophila, the Sox protein Dichaete (a.k.a., Fish‐hook) is a member of the SoxB subgroup whose HMG domain shares strong sequence similarity to that of vertebrate Sox2. Dichaete exhibits dynamic expression in embryonic and larval stages and has pleiotropic functions in a variety of tissues. In this study, we extend analyses of Dichaete function and show that expression of Dichaete protein is detected in the developing oocyte during early to mid stages of oogenesis. Strikingly, Dichaete exhibits cytoplasmic distribution and is not detected in the oocyte nucleus. Germline mosaic analyses revealed that the Dichaete gene has maternal functions that influence dorsal/ventral patterning of the egg chamber. Dichaete mutant eggs exhibit defects in formation of the dorsal appendages, differentiation of dorsal/anterior follicle cells, and mislocalization of Gurken protein and gurken mRNA. Dichaete protein was shown to possess RNA‐binding capabilities, suggesting a direct post‐transcriptional role in regulating RNA functions. Developmental Dynamics 235:2828–2835, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced sensitivity and stability in two‐color in situ hybridization by means of a novel chromagenic substrate combination
Authors: Hurtado Romulo , Mikawa Takashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDouble in situ hybridization analysis is a fundamental technique for studying the expression of two genes with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, due to the lack of sensitivity in current detection methods, this approach is powerful only when at least one transcript is abundantly expressed. Here, we report a new enzyme/chromagenic substrate combination that provides sufficient sensitivity for detecting two less abundant transcripts and stability for subsequent paraffin sectioning. Developmental Dynamics 235:2811–2816, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microarray analysis of Tbx5‐induced genes expressed in the developing heart
Authors: Plageman Timothy F. , Yutzey Katherine E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTbx5 is a member of the T‐box family of transcription factors and is associated with Holt–Oram syndrome (HOS), a congenital disorder characterized by heart and limb defects. Although implicated in several processes during development, only a few genes regulated by Tbx5 have been reported. To identify candidate genes regulated by Tbx5 during heart development, a microarray approach was used. A cardiac‐derived mouse cell line (1H) was infected with adenoviruses expressing Tbx5 or β‐galactosidase and RNA was isolated for analysis using an Affymetrix gene chip representing over 39,000 transcripts. Real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction confirmed Tbx5 induction of a subset of the genes, includingnppa,photoreceptor cadherin,brain creatine kinase,hairy/enhancer‐of‐split related 2, andgelsolin. In situ hybridization analysis indicated overlapping expression of these genes withtbx5in the embryonic mouse heart. In addition, the effect of HOS‐associated mutations on the ability of Tbx5 to induce target gene expression was evaluated. Together, these data identify several genes induced by Tbx5 that are potentially important during cardiac development. These genes represent new candidate gene targets of Tbx5 that may be related to congenital heart malformations associated with HOS. Developmental Dynamics 235:2868–2880, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Redox Behavior of a Manganese Porphyrin Complexed with Per‐O‐methylated β‐Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kano Koji , Kitagishi Hiroaki , Sone Yumiko , Nakazawa Nami , Kodera Masahito 
Published: August 2006

Abstract[5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(p‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]manganese(III) in its diaqua form [(H2O)2MnIII(tpps)] forms a complex with heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (TMe‐β‐CD) to afford a stable 2:1 host–guest inclusion complex whose binding constants, K1 and K2, in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 25 °C are 8.1 × 105 and 2.8 × 104 M–1, respectively. [(H2O)2MnIII(tpps)] dissociates into the monohydroxo complex [(H2O)(OH–)MnIII(tpps)] above pH 11 (pKa = 11.9) when incorporated into the TMe‐β‐CD cavities. The pKa value of [(H2O)2MnIII(tpps)] in the absence of TMe‐β‐CD is 12.4, which suggests that the monohydroxo form without a net charge on the central porphyrin is stabilized by complexation with TMe‐β‐CD. In an aqueous alkaline solution of TMe‐β‐CD, [(H2O)(OH–)MnIII(tpps)] is autoreduced to[(H2O)MnII(tpps)] by an electron transfer from bound OH– to MnIII. TMe‐β‐CD stabilizes the low‐valent [(H2O)MnII(tpps)]. For example, the rate of autoxidation of [(H2O)MnII(tpps)] in the presence of TMe‐β‐CD at pH 7.0 was reduced by a factor of 2.8 × 104 as compared with the rate without TMe‐β‐CD. The redox potentials (E1/2) of [Mn(tpps)] were measured by spectroelectrochemical methods. The E1/2 values in phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 in the absence and the presence of TMe‐β‐CD are –211 and –108 mV (vs. NHE), respectively. TMe‐β‐CD causes a positive shift of E1/2, which indicates the stabilization of low‐valent [(H2O)MnII(tpps)] by TMe‐β‐CD against autoxidation. These electrochemical data, as well as the thermodynamic ones, give the K1K2 values for complexation of [(H2O)MnII(tpps)] with TMe‐β‐CD to be 1.2 × 1012 M–2,while that for [(H2O)2MnIII(tpps)] is 2.3 × 1010 M–2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)