bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Distress among Recent Russian Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Hoffmann Christopher , McFarland Bentson H. , Kinzie J. David , Bresler Larissa , Rakhlin Dmitriy , Wolf Solomon , Kovas Anne E. 
Published: February 2006

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological status of Russian immigrants who have recently come to the United States. Aims: The project included creation of a Russian version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) in order to identify anxiety and depression in members of the Russian-speaking immigrant population. Methods: Translation and adaptation included (a) cross-cultural adaptation; (b) translation; (c) pre-testing; and (d) analysis of validity, reliability and internal consistency. Seventeen Russian-speaking patients at a Russian psychiatric clinic were recruited for the study and were compared with a sample of 42 Russianspeaking members of the community. Results: The instrument showed internal consistency when evaluated with coefficient alpha. Clinic patients had significantly higher anxiety and depression symptom scores than community subjects. Russian immigrants' scores on the anxiety and depression scales were less than comparative data for the United States and notably less than similar measures for Russian immigrants to Israel. Conclusions: Recent Russian immigrants to the United States appear to have low prevalences of anxiety and depression.
Rates and Factors Associated with Suicide in Kaniyambadi Block, Tamil Nadu, South India, 2000–2002
Authors: Prasad J. , Abraham V. J. , Minz S. , Abraham S. , Joseph A. , Muliyil J. P. , George K. , Jacob K. S. 
Published: February 2006

Background: Inefficient civil registration systems, non-report of deaths, variable standards in certifying death and the legal and social consequences of suicide are major obstacles to investigating suicide in the developing world. Objective: The aim of this study was to prospectively determine the suicide rate in Kaniyambadi Block, Tamil Nadu, South India, for the years 2000–2002 using verbal autopsies. Method: The setting for the study was a comprehensive community health programme in a development block in rural South India. The main outcome measure was death by suicide, diagnosed by a detailed verbal autopsy and census, and birth and death data to identify the population base. Results: The average suicide rate was 92.1 per 100,000. The ratio of male to female suicides was 1: 0.66. The age-specific suicide rate for men increased with age while that for women showed two peaks: 15–24 years and over 65 years of age. Hanging (49%) and poisoning with organo-phosphorus compounds (40.5%) were the commonest methods of committing suicide. Acute and/or chronic stress was elicited for nearly all subjects. More men suffered from chronic stress while more women had acute precipitating events (X2 4.58; p < 0.04). People less than 44 years of age had more acute precipitating events before death while older subjects reported more chronic stress (X2=17.38; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study replicates findings of an earlier study from the area. The suicide rate documented in this study is very high and is a major public health concern. There is a need for sentinel centres in India and in developing countries to monitor trends and to develop innovative strategies to reduce deaths by suicide.
The impact of HIV/AIDS on Kenyan rural women and the role of counseling
Authors: Mugambi Jane 
Published: February 2006

English A qualitative study was conducted with 22 rural women living with or affected by HIV/AIDS, in order to explore its impact. Some of the themes that emerged from data analysis were marginalization, poverty and the subordinate status of the rural women. French Une étude qualitative a étémenée auprè s de 22 femmes de communautés rurales du Kenya atteintes du VIH/SIDA en vue d'explorer l'impact du VIH/SIDA sur cette population et le rôle du counseling. L'analyse des données a permis de dégager certains thè mes, notamment la marginalisation, la pauvretéet l'état de subordination des femmes rurales. Spanish Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con 22 mujeres rurales que viven con sujetos afectados por el HIV/SIDA, a fin de explorar el impacto del HIV/SIDA en mujeres rurales de Kenia y el papel jugado por el consejo. Algunos de los temas que surgieron del aná lisis de los datos fueron los siguientes: marginación, pobreza y el estatus subordinado de la mujer rural.
Sexual trafficking of women
Authors: Van Hook Mary P. , Gjermeni Eglantina , Haxhiymeri Edlira 
Published: February 2006

English Sexual trafficking affects many women globally, with eastern Europe and Albania as the major centers. Women's vulnerability is increased by poverty, patriarchal gender patterns and historical events. Governmental policies and program responses in terms of laws, prevention and shelters for victims are described, along with lessons for addressing sexual trafficking. French Le trafic sexuel touche un grand nombre de femmes dans la plupart des grands centres d'Europe de l'Est et d'Albanie. La pauvreté, les comportements de genre de type patriarcal et les événements historiques ont rendu les femmes encore plus vulnérables. Cet article passe en revue les programmes et les politiques gouvernementales - lois, mesures préventives et création de refuges pour les victimes - ainsi que les lec¸ ons qui permettent de s'attaquer au problè me du trafic sexuel. Spanish El trá fico sexual afecta a muchas mujeres globalmente, siendo Europa del Este y Albania centros principales. La pobreza, los patrones de género patriarcales, y acontecimientos histó ricos acrecientan la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres. Se describen las políticas gubernamentales y las respuestas programa ´ ticas en términos de leyes, prevenció n, y casas refugio para las víctimas. También se sacan lecciones para bregar con el trá fico sexual.
Social work with asylum seekers in Canada
Authors: Lacroix Marie 
Published: February 2006

English This article explores some of the most salient of the oppressions that are directly related to international and Canadian immigration policy discourses and practices. A conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between social justice and oppression in social work practice is introduced. This will determine the issues that need to be addressed by social work practitioners. French Cet article examine quelques-uns des facteurs d'oppression les plus évidents qui se dégagent du discours et des pratiques de l'immigration canadienne et internationale. On y établit un cadre conceptuel pour faciliter la compré- hension de la relation entre justice sociale et oppression dans la pratique du travail social. Ce cadre permet de définir les questions dont doivent tenir compte les intervenants du travail social. Spanish En este artículo se exploran algunos de los factores má s importantes de opresió n relacionados directamente con las prá cticas y discursos de la polí- tica canadiense e internacional de inmigració n. Ser introduce un marco conceptual para entender la relació n entre la justicia social y la opresió n en la prá ctica del trabajo social. Esto determinará los temas que necesitan ser abordados por los practicantes de trabajo social.
A study of domestic violence against academic working wives in Medan
Authors: Rowe William S. , FakihSutan Nurasiah , Dulka Iryna M. 
Published: February 2006

English This study describes marital violence committed against wives working in the academic sector in Medan, Indonesia. Male dominance favoured by the patriarchal culture has in.uenced the responses of women. The violence documented is comparable with that experienced by women in other countries. The study also suggests that marital violence is found across socio-economic groups. French Cette étude décrit la violence conjugale subite par des femmes travaillant dans les secteurs académiques à Medan en Indonésie. La dominance masculine favorisé e par des valeurs sociales patriarcales a influencéles réponses des femmes. La violence documentée est comparable à celle éprouvée par des femmes dans d'autres pays. L'étude fournit des preuves que la violence conjugale se produit à travers les strates socio-économiques. Spanish Este estudio describe la violencia doméstica experimentada por mujeres trabajadoras en sectores académicos de Medan, Indonesia. Los valores sociales patriarcales han promovido la dominació n masculina y han tenido influencia en las respuestas de estas mujeres. Los abusos reportados fueron comparables con los experimentados por mujeres de otros países y ofrecen evidencia de que la violencia conyugal tiene lugar en diferentes estratos socio econó micos y niveles educativos.
Family violence
Authors: Cheers Brian , Binell Margaret , Coleman Heather , Gentle Ian , Miller Grace , Taylor Judy , Weetra Colin 
Published: February 2006

English A study in an Australian Aboriginal community identified a new way of knowing family violence, locating it in the historical context of colonization, oppression, dispossession, disempowerment, dislocation and poverty. A community development approach to addressing family violence was developed based on this understanding and the strengths of the community. French Cette étude menée au sein d'une communautéaborigè ne d'Australie détermine une nouvelle fac¸ on d'appréhender la violence familiale en situant le problè me dans le contexte historique de la colonisation, de l'oppression, de la dépossession, de la déresponsabilisation, de la dislocation et de la pauvreté. Cette compréhension du phénomè ne a permis d'élaborer une approche de développement communautaire pour contrer la violence familiale, qui fait aussi appel aux forces de la communauté. Spanish Un estudio en una comunidad australiana aborigen identificó una nueva manera de entender la violencia doméstica, localizá ndola en el contexto histó rico de colonizació n, opresió n, desposesió n, falta de poder, desplazamiento y pobreza. Se desarrolló una metodología de desarrollo comunitario basado en este nuevo entendimiento y en las cualidades positivas de la comunidad.
The Chinese concept of face and violence against women
Authors: Chan Ko Ling 
Published: February 2006

English The study examines the Chinese face embedded in marital violence. Results from the analysis of male batterers showed that the stronger the faceorientation, the greater the masculine gender role stress and thus the greater the likelihood of using violence against a female partner. French L'étude examine la corrélation entre le concept chinois de 'sauver la facé et la violence conjugale. L'analyse révè le que plus ce concept est fortement ancréchez un agresseur, plus il met l'emphase sur le rôle masculin et, par conséquent, plus il est enclin à utiliser la violence contre une partenaire féminine. Spanish Se examina la faz china en relació n a la violencia marital. El anúlisis de datos sobre hombres que maltratan indica que a mayor orientació n facial ('in faceorientation'), mayor el estrés del rol masculino, y por tanto, mayor la probabilidad de violencia en contra de la mujer.
Exporting a US HIV/AIDS prevention program to a Caribbean island-nation
Authors: Voisin Dexter R. , Baptiste Donna R. , Martinez Dona Da Costa , Henderson Gabrielle ,   CHAMP-TT Collaborative Board,   and the Family Planning Association of Trinidad and Tobago
Published: February 2006

English Compared with the rest of the English-speaking Caribbean, Trinidad and Tobago is disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. This article outlines a recent venture between researchers in Chicago and a Trinidadian social service agency to adapt a US-based HIV prevention intervention for teens. French En comparaison avec les autre nations caraïbéennes anglophones, les îles de Trinidad et Tobago sont affectées de fac¸ on disproportionnée par le VIH et le SIDA. Cet article révè le les contours d'une expérience récente entreprise par des chercheurs de Chicago en collaboration avec une agence de services sociaux de Trinidad, visant à adapter un programme développéaux états- Unis en prévention du VIH et en intervention auprè s d'adolescents. Spanish En comparació n con el resto de los países caribeños de habla inglesa, Trinidad y Tobago han sido afectados desproporcionadamente por VIH/ SIDA. Se describe una iniciativa tomada recientemente por investigadores de Chicago y una agencia de servicio social de Trinidad. Esta iniciativa trata de adaptar a Trinidad una intervenció n preventiva desarrollada en EE.UU. adolescentes.
Social services and indigenous populations in remote areas
Authors: Berman Gerald S. 
Published: February 2006

English Two factors – distance and cultural dissonance – have been identified as obstacles in the provision of social services to Indigenous populations in remote areas. This article examines these obstacles as they affect Alaska Natives in rural Alaska and Negev Bedouin in Israel. Strategies to overcome these obstacles are then suggested. French Deux facteurs - la distance et la dissonance culturelle - ont éte´ identifiés comme obstacles à la capacitéd'offrir des services sociaux aux populations indigè nes des régions éloignées. Cet article examine l'impact de ces obstacles sur les populations autochtones rurales d'Alaska et sur les bédouins du Negev en Israël. L'article suggè re des stratégies pour vaincre ces obstacles. Spanish Se han identificado dos obstá culos en la provisió n de servicios sociales a poblaciones indígenas en á reas remotas: distancia y disonancia cultural. Se examinan estos obstá culos según afectan a los Nativos de Alaska en á reas rurales, y a los Beduinos del Negev en Israel. Se sugieren estrategias para superar los.
A study of the structural risk factors of homelessness in 52 metropolitan areas in the United States
Authors: Ji Eun-Gu 
Published: February 2006

English The findings of this multiple regression study show that among structural risk factors the poverty rate is strongly associated with the homelessness rate in the model. The findings also show that reducing the poverty rate of the homeless should be the policy priority. French Les résultats de cette étude de régression multiple démontrent que le taux de pauvretéparmi les facteurs de risque structurels est intimement lié, dans le modè le, au taux d'itinérance. Il en résulte que la réduction du taux de pauvretéest une prioritéde la politique à adopter avec les sans-abri. Spanish Los resultados de este estudio de regresió n múltiple muestran que el porcentaje de pobreza entre los factores de riesgo estructural está fuertemente asociado con el porcentaje de personas sin hogar. Los resultados del estudio indican que la reducció n del porcentaje de pobreza es algo prioritario en la política para la gente sin hogar.
Analysis of the Maximum Tensile Strength of a Composite with Spherical Particulates
Authors: Sudduth Richard D. 
Published: February 2006

Good theoretical composite models have been developed to address the modulus as a function of filler volume fraction and tensile strength as a function of time. However, very little has been done to understand the observation that the tensile yield strength appears to go through a maximum as a function of the volume fraction of filler for a particulate composite. While several factors undoubtedly influence the location of this maximum, it is apparent that the necessary generation of voids in the formulation has been largely overlooked as a primary source for this maximum. A simple parallel strain composite tensile strength model is developed from the different tensile strength components in the composite. For this simple model the tensile strength of the composite is set to go to zero at the ‘zero limit’ packing fraction. The most important result from this simple model is that a maximum in composite tensile strength is clearly indicated when the tensile strength of the filler is greater than that of the matrix and the transfer efficiency from the filler to the matrix is not near zero. A more detailed generalized tensile strength model is also developed from the existing modulus models. This derivation is initiated from the definition of modulus which includes both stress and strain. The ratio of the tensile yield strength of the composite to that of the matrix is equated to corresponding ratios for yield strain and secant yield modulus. It is assumed that the strain ratio could be described by the reciprocal of a modified Kerner equation and the modulus ratio could be described by the generalized modulus equation developed earlier by this author. This new tensile strength model nicely describes a maximum tensile strength as well as a minimum tensile strength at the zero limit packing fraction. It is clearly shown that the new generalized tensile strength model developed in this study gives a much better fit of four sets of tensile strength data than the Turcsanyi model, the Dibenedetto model and a second-order polynomial model. This result applies equally for data that shows a clear maximum as well as data where the tensile strength decreases steadily from the tensile strength of the matrix itself.
Market-based Multirobot Coordination for Complex Tasks
Authors: Zlot Robert , Stentz Anthony 
Published: February 2006

Current technological developments and application-driven demands are bringing us closer to the realization of autonomous multi-robot systems performing increasingly complex missions. However, existing methods of distributing mission subcomponents among multirobot teams do not explicitly handle the required complexity and instead treat tasks as simple indivisible entities, ignoring any inherent structure and semantics that such complex tasks might have. These task properties can be exploited to produce more efficient team plans by giving individual robots the ability to come up with new, more localized ways to perform a task; by allowing multiple robots to cooperate by sharing the subcomponents of a task; or both. In this paper, we describe the complex task allocation problem and present a distributed solution for efficiently allocating a set of complex tasks among a robot team. Complex tasks are tasks that can be solved in many possible ways. In contrast, simple tasks can be accomplished in a straightforward, prescriptive manner. The current scope of our work is currently limited to complex tasks that can be decomposed into multiple subtasks related by Boolean logic operators. Our solution to multirobot coordination for complex tasks extends market-based approaches by generalizing task descriptions into task trees, which allows tasks to be traded in a market setting at variable levels of abstraction. In order to incorporate these task structures into a market mechanism, novel and efficient bidding and auction clearing algorithms are required. As an example scenario, we focus on an area reconnaissance problem which requires sensor coverage by a team of robots over a set of defined areas of interest. The advantages of explicitly modeling complex tasks during the allocation process is demonstrated by a comparison of our approach with existing task allocation algorithms in this application domain. In simulation we compare the quality of solution and the computation times of these different approaches. Implementations on two separate teams of indoor and outdoor robots further validates our approach.
Anatomical Study of the Femoral and Tibial Insertions of the Anteromedial and Posterolateral Bundles of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Takahashi Masaaki , Doi Mitsuhito , Abe Masashi , Suzuki Daisuke , Nagano Akira 
Published: February 2006

Background Recently, anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with 2-bundle reconstruction has been proposed. Few previous publications have mentioned anatomical measurements of the insertions of these bundles. Purpose To determine the precise anatomical measurements of the femoral and tibial insertions for anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of anterior cruciate ligament grafts. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Thirty-two femurs and 31 tibias were selected. The anterior cruciate ligament was divided into anteromedial and posterolateral bundles to the insertion footprint. Six measurements of the femoral insertion and 4 measurements of the tibial insertion were examined. Locations of the femoral insertions were examined using lateral radiographs of the femur. Results The distance between the center of the femoral insertions of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles and the posterior margin of the lateral femoral condyle averaged 7.6 and 7.0 mm, respectively. The distance between the center of the femoral insertions of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles to the intercondylar roof averaged 4.1 and 11.3 mm, respectively. The sagittal distance between the center of the tibial insertions of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles from the anterior margin of the tibial articular cartilage averaged 13.0 and 14.7 mm, respectively. The distance from the lateral margin of the articular cartilage of the tibial plateau to the center of the tibial insertions of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles averaged 44.2% and 52.4% of the total widest width of the tibial plateau, respectively. On the lateral radiograph of femoral condyles, the center of the anteromedial bundle was located at 31.9% from the posterior margin of the femoral condyle and 26.9% from the roof, and that of the posterolateral bundle was located at 39.8% from the posterior margin of the femoral condyle and 53.2% from the roof. Clinical Relevance It is important to know the precise anatomy of anterior cruciate ligament bundles when performing reconstruction and to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery on an anatomical basis.
Recurrent Subluxation of the Peroneal Tendons
Authors: Maffulli Nicola , Ferran Nicholas Antonio , Oliva Francesco , Testa Vittorino 
Published: February 2006

Background Recurrent peroneal tendon subluxation is uncommon. Hypothesis The authors tested the null hypothesis that there are no differences between preoperative and postoperative status after anatomical repair of the superior peroneal retinaculum. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods In the period 1996 to 2001, the authors operated on 14 patients (all men; mean age, 25.3 ± 6.3 years; range, 18-37 years) with traumatic recurrent unilateral peroneal tendon subluxation, with a follow-up of 38 ± 3 months (range, 22-47 months). Results No patient experienced a further episode of peroneal tendon subluxation, and all had returned to their normal activities. Maximum calf circumference, functional ability, peak torque, total work, and mean power of plantar flexion were always lower in the operated leg, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score increased significantly from 54.3 ± 11.4 to 94.5 ± 6.4 (P = .03), with 5 patients reporting a fully normal ankle. Conclusion If an anatomical approach is used, reattachment of the superior retinaculum is a most appropriate technique. It returns patients to a high level of physical activity and gives a high rate of satisfactory results both objectively and subjectively. Randomized control trials may be the way forward in determining the best surgical management method. However, the relative rarity of the condition and the large number of techniques make such a study difficult.