bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones in horses: eight cases (1993–1999)
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Carter G. Kent , Honnas Clifford M. , Eastman Tim 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical, radiographic, and scintigraphic abnormalities in and outcome of horses with septic or nonseptic osteitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—8 horses.Procedure—Data collected from medical records included signalment; history; horse use; severity and duration of lameness; results of perineural anesthesia, radiography, ultrasonography, and scintigraphy; and outcome following surgery.Results—Five horses did not have any evidence of sepsis; the other 3 had sepsis of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint or the digital synovial sheath. All horses had a history of chronic unilateral lameness. Three of 5 horses improved after diagnostic anesthesia of the metacarpophalangeal or metatarsophalangeal joint; the other 2 improved only after diagnostic anesthesia of the digital synovial sheath. Nuclear scintigraphy was beneficial in localizing the source of the lameness to the proximal sesamoid bones in 4 horses. Arthroscopy of the palmar or plantar pouch of the joint or of the digital synovial sheath revealed intersesamoidean ligament damage and osteomalacia of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones in all horses. All 5 horses without sepsis and 1 horse with sepsis returned to their previous uses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that osteitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones is a distinct entity in horses that typically is associated with inflammation of the associated metacarpointersesamoidean or metatarsointersesamoidean ligament and may be a result of sepsis or nonseptic inflammation. Arthroscopic debridement may allow horses without evidence of sepsis to return to their previous level of performance. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:82–86)
Age distributions of horses with strangulation of the small intestine by a lipoma or in the epiploic foramen: 46 cases (1994-2000)
Authors: Freeman David E. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To test the hypothesis that strangulation of the small intestine by a lipoma or in the epiploic foramen is more common in older horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—46 horses.Procedure—Ages of horses with strangulation of the small intestine by a lipoma (n = 29) or in the epiploic foramen (17) were compared with ages of 79 horses with miscellaneous small intestinal lesions. Effects of increasing age on risk of the diseases of interest were examined by use of logistic regression and a 1-sided trend test for binomial proportions.Results—Mean age of the horses with strangulation in the epiploic foramen (9.6 years) was the same as that for the horses with miscellaneous small intestinal lesions (7.7), but mean age of the horses with strangulation by a lipoma (19.2) was significantly greater than that for the other groups. The proportion of horses with lipoma increased significantly with increasing age, but the proportion with strangulation in the epiploic foramen did not.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results refute the current suggestion that increasing age predisposes horses for strangulation of the small intestine in the epiploic foramen but support the suggestion that the risk of strangulation of the small intestine by a lipoma increases with age. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:87–89)
Effect of calfhood vaccination on transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus under typical drylot dairy conditions
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. , Muñoz-Zanzi Claudia A. , Hietala Sharon K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To estimate transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and crude morbidity and mortality ratios in BVDV-vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy heifer calves managed under typical dairy drylot conditions.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—106 female Holstein calves.Procedure—Seroconversion rates for BVDV types I and II and proportional morbidity and mortality ratios were compared between calves given a killed BVDV type-I vaccine at 15 days of age and a modified-live BVDV type-I vaccine at 40 to 45 days of age (n = 53) and calves given no BVDV vaccines (53). Sera were collected at 45-day intervals as calves moved from individual hutches to corrals holding increasingly larger numbers of calves. Seroconversion was used as evidence of exposure to BVDV.Results—Crude proportional morbidity (0.16) and mortality (0.17) ratios for control calves did not differ significantly from those of vaccinated calves (0.28 and 0.12, respectively). The proportion of control calves that seroconverted to BVDV type I through 9 months of age (0.629) was significantly higher than that of vaccinated calves that seroconverted, unrelated to vaccination, during the same period (0.536). Estimated overall protective effect of vaccination against BVDV type I through 4 to 9 months of age was 48%. The proportion of control calves that seroconverted to BVDV type II (0.356) was not different from that of vaccinated calves (0.470).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest that calfhood vaccination may be an appropriate strategy to help reduce short-term transmission of some but not necessarily all strains of BVDV. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:968–975)
Bacteremia associated with naturally occurring acute coliform mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Wenz John R. , Barrington George M. , Garry Franklyn B. , McSweeney Kevin D. , Dinsmore R. Page , Goodell Gregory , Callan Robert J. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the incidence of bacteremia
in dairy cows with naturally occurring acute coliform
mastitis (ACM) with a wide range of disease severity.

Design—Cohort study.

Animals—144 dairy cows with ACM from 6 herds.

Procedure—Cows were examined at time of identification
of ACM (time 0) and classified as having mild,
moderate, or severe mastitis on the basis of rectal temperature,
hydration status, rumen contraction rate, and
attitude. Cows were reexamined at 24 or 48 hours.
Bacteriologic culturing of milk and blood (30 ml), CBC,
and serum biochemical analysis were performed at
each time point. Appropriate samples were obtained at
a single point from herdmates without mastitis (controls)
that were closely matched for lactation number
and days since parturition. Blood culture results were
compared among severity groups and controls by use
of χ2 tests, as was outcome of an ACM episode for
cows grouped by blood bacterial isolates.

Results—Bacteria were isolated from 52 blood samples
from 46 of 144 (32%) cows with ACM, which was significantly
more than control cows (11/156; 7.1%). Group-1
isolates (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida,
Mannheimia haemolytica, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Enterobacter agglomerans, and Salmonella enterica
serotype Typhimurium) were identified in 20 of 144 (14%)
cows with ACM and 0 of 156 control cows. Group-1 isolates
were identified in 4.3, 9.1, and 42% of cows classified
as having mild, moderate, and severe ACM, respectively.
Escherichia coli and K pneumoniae milk and blood
isolates obtained from the same cow were of the same
genotype. Bacillus spp were identified in 21 of 144 (15%)
cows with ACM, which was significantly more than control
cows (3/156; 1.9%). Thirty-five percent of cows with a
group-1 isolate died during the mastitis episode.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that bacteremia develops in a substantial proportion
of cows with ACM. Classification of severity
of disease is important for establishment of effective
treatment protocols; parenteral antimicrobial treatment
may be indicated in cows with ACM. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2001;219:976–981)
Clinicopathologic evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in horses with acute colitis
Authors: Dolente Brett A. , Wilkins Pamela A. , Boston Ray C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To detect subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in horses with colitis and to determine any association between the diagnosis of subclinical DIC and outcome or occurrence of complications in horses with colitis.Design—Prospective study.Animals—37 horses admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital for treatment of acute colitis.Procedure—Coagulation profiles were obtained on each horse 0, 24, and 48 hours after admission. Six tests were performed: platelet count, plasma fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin activity, and serum fibrin degradation products concentration.Results—A clinicopathologic diagnosis of subclinical DIC was made if 3 of the 6 tests had abnormal results at any 1 sample period. No horse had clinical signs of DIC at the time of sampling. Twelve of 37 (32%) horses met the criteria for diagnosis of subclinical DIC within a 1-year period. Outcome was defined as survival or nonsurvival. Five of 12 horses with subclinical DIC and 2 of 25 horses without subclinical DIC did not survive. Crude odds ratio analysis revealed a horse with acute colitis was 8 times as likely to die or be euthanatized if a diagnosis of subclinical DIC was made.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinicopathologic evidence of DIC is common and is significantly associated with a poor outcome in horses with acute colitis. Treatment of subclinical DIC may influence outcome in horses with acute colitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1034–1038)
Effects of postoperative rehabilitation on limb function after cranial cruciate ligament repair in dogs
Authors: Marsolais Gregory S. , Dvorak Glenda , Conzemius Michael G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of early postoperative rehabilitation on limb function in dogs after surgery for ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL).Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—51 client-owned dogs.Procedure—Dogs weighing between 20 and 40 kg (44 to 88 lb) that had RCCL and medial meniscal injury were studied. After removal of the RCCL and complete medial meniscectomy, the stifle joint was stabilized by use of a lateral retinacular stabilization technique. Twenty-five dogs were included in a postoperative rehabilitation group, and 26 dogs were included in an exercise-restricted group. Limb function (peak vertical force [PVF] and vertical impulse [VI]) was determined before surgery and 6 months after surgery, using force platform gait analysis.Results—Prior to surgery, mean PVF and VI in affected limbs were similar between groups. Six months after surgery, PVF and VI were significantly increased in dogs of both groups. However, PVF and VI in dogs in the rehabilitation group were significantly greater than those of dogs in the exercise-restricted group. At this time, differences in limb function (as measured by PVF and VI) between the repaired and normal limbs were not evident in dogs in the rehabilitation group. Conversely, limb function in the repaired limb of dogs in the exercise-restricted group was still significantly less than that of the normal limb.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Dogs that have surgery for RCCL and a torn medial meniscus benefit from postoperative rehabilitation; rehabilitation should be considered part of the postoperative management of these patients. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1325–1330)
Evaluation of a commercially available luteinizing hormone test for its ability to distinguish between ovariectomized and sexually intact bitches
Authors: Löfstedt Robert M. , VanLeeuwen John A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the value of a commercially available test for measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations for its use in distinguishing between ovariectomized and sexually intact bitches.Design—Prospective longitudinal cohort study.Animals—101 sexually intact bitches and 199 ovariectomized bitchesProcedure—A commercial test kit was used to assay serum samples for LH concentration. A κ test was used to assess the consistency of test interpretations. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and consistency of test interpretation in the sample population and in 2 theoretical populations of bitches with differing frequencies of ovarian removal were determined.Results—The test had excellent sensitivity (98%) but moderate specificity (78%) because of a high frequency of false-positive test results. This means that a single high serum LH concentration was not a reliable indicator of ovarian removal. However, a single low serum LH concentration was an excellent indicator that a bitch was sexually intact. The LH test results were positive within 10 days after ovarian removal and remained high in bitches from which ovaries had been removed > 5 years previously. Analysis of κ values consistently revealed excellent agreement in test interpretation within and among evaluators and over a 6-hour time span.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A single low LH test result confirms the need for ovariectomy in bitches prior to adoption. The test is applicable to bitches that have been ovariectomized prior to puberty and probably applies over the lifespan of the animal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1331–1335)
Evaluation of ameroid ring constrictors for the management of single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts in cats: 23 cases (1996–2001)
Authors: Kyles Andrew E. , Hardie Elizabeth M. , Mehl Margo , Gregory Clare R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To document the signalment; history; clinical signs; clinicopathologic, diagnostic imaging, and surgical findings; perioperative complications; and long-term clinical results of ameroid ring constrictor (ARC) placement on single extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS) in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—23 cats treated with an ARC on a single extrahepatic PSS.Procedure—An ARC was placed surgically around the PSS. Portal pressure was measured prior to ARC placement, with complete temporary PSS occlusion, and after ARC placement. Cats were scheduled for recheck transcolonic portal scintigraphy 8 to 10 weeks after surgery. Follow-up information was obtained by telephone interview with the owners.Results—An ARC was successfully placed in 22 of 23 cats. Intraoperative complications, consisting of PSS hemorrhage, occurred in 2 cats. Mean (± SD) portal pressure (n = 15) was 6.7 ± 2.9 mm Hg before PSS manipulation, 18.6 ± 7.7 mm Hg with complete temporary PSS occlusion, and 6.9 ± 2.7 mm Hg after ARC placement. Postoperative complications developed in 77% (17 of 22) of cats after ARC placement, and included central blindness, hyperthermia, frantic behavior, and generalized motor seizures. Perioperative mortality rate was 4.3% (1 of 23). Persistent shunting was identified in 8 of 14 cats. Overall, 75% (15 of 20) of cats had an excellent longterm outcome.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Placement of an ARC on single extrahepatic PSS in cats resulted in low surgical complication and perioperative mortality rates, but most cats did have substantial postoperative complications. Persistent shunting was common, although many cats with persistent shunting were clinically normal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220: 1341–1347)
Percutaneous collection of fetal fluids for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle
Authors: Callan Robert J. , Schnackel John A. , Campen Hana Van , Mortimer Robert G. , Cavender Jacqueline A. , Williams Elizabeth S. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To develop a method for percutaneous
collection of fetal fluid from cattle in the late stages of
gestation and determine whether bovine viral diarrhea
virus (BVDV) can be isolated from such fluids.

Design—Case series.

Animals—169 pregnant beef cattle.

Procedure—Animals were restrained in a squeeze
chute, and hair was clipped from a region of the right
flank. Pregnancy was confirmed, and fetal fluids were
identified by means of abdominal ultrasonography.
Fetal fluid was collected with a spinal needle. Virus
isolation was performed on fetal fluids, WBC lysates
from 160 live calves, and tissues from 12 calves that
died or were aborted. Blood samples collected from
adult cattle were assayed with an immunoperoxidase
monolayer assay.

Results—Fourteen animals aborted or delivered premature
calves within 3 weeks after fetal fluid collection;
however, it could not be determined whether
this was a complication of the procedure or attributable
to other factors. Results of BVDV isolation from
fetal fluid samples were negative for 168 animals.
However, a noncytopathic BVDV was isolated from
fetal fluid obtained from a 2-year-old heifer; results of
the immunoperoxidase assay of serum from this
heifer were also positive, and a noncytopathic BVDV
was isolated from tissue specimens from a stillborn
calf produced by this heifer.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that fetal fluids can be collected percutaneously
from cattle in the late stages of gestation and that
virus isolation performed on fetal fluids can be used
to identify fetuses infected with BVDV in utero.
However, safety of the procedure could not be evaluated.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:1348–1352).
Diagnostic comparison of needle and wedge biopsy specimens of the liver in dogs and cats
Authors: Cole Terri L. , Center Sharon A. , Flood Shannon N. , Rowland Peter H. , Valentine Beth A. , Warner Karen L. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare morphologic diagnoses determined from needle biopsy specimens obtained from the livers of dogs and cats with morphologic diagnoses determined from wedge biopsy specimens.Design—Prospective study.Animals—124 dogs and cats.Procedure—2 needle biopsy specimens were obtained from each animal; wedge biopsy specimens were obtained from the same liver lobe during laparotomy or postmortem examination. Histologic features were scored independently by 3 individuals; a morphologic diagnosis was rendered after histologic features were scored. Cases were included only if at least 2 of the 3 examiners agreed on the morphologic diagnosis; the definitive diagnosis was considered to be the morphologic diagnosis rendered for the wedge biopsy specimen. Physical characteristics (length, width, surface area, degree of fragmentation, and number of portal triads for needle biopsy specimens and surface area for wedge biopsy specimens) were determined.Results—Definitive diagnoses included hepatic necrosis (n = 10), cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis (13), chronic hepatitis-cirrhosis (12), canine vacuolar hepatopathy (11), portosystemic vascular anomaly-microvascular dysplasia (17), neoplasia (10), miscellaneous hepatic disorders (18), and no hepatic disease (33). For individual examiners, the morphologic diagnosis assigned to needle biopsy specimens agreed with the morphologic diagnosis assigned to wedge biopsy specimens for 56 and 67% of the specimens. All 3 examiners agreed on the morphologic diagnosis assigned to needle and wedge biopsy specimens for 44 and 65% of the specimens, respectively. Morphologic diagnoses assigned to needle biopsy specimens concurred with the definitive diagnosis for 59 of 124 (48%) animals.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that needle biopsy specimens of the liver from dogs and cats must be interpreted with caution. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1483–1490)
Use of the anesthetic combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, ketamine, and xylazine for neutering feral cats
Authors: Williams Lindsay S. , Levy Julie K. , Robertson Sheilah A. , Cistola Alexis M. , Centonze Lisa A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of the anesthetic combination tiletamine, zolazepam, ketamine, and xylazine (TKX) for anesthesia of feral cats at largescale neutering clinics.Design—Original study.Animals—7,502 feral cats.Procedure—Cats were trapped by their caretakers for a feral cat neutering program from July 1996 to August 2000. The anesthetic combination TKX was injected IM into cats while they remained in their traps. Each milliliter of TKX contained 50 mg of tiletamine, 50 mg of zolazepam, 80 mg of ketamine, and 20 mg of xylazine. Females were spayed by veterinarians, whereas males were castrated by veterinarians or veterinary students. Yohimbine (0.5 mg, IV) was administered at the end of the procedure. Logs were kept of the individual drug doses, signalment of the cats, and any complications encountered. These data were analyzed retrospectively (1996 to 1999) and prospectively (2000).Results—Of the 5,766 cats for which dosing records were complete, 4,584 (79.5%) received a single dose of TKX. The mean initial dose of TKX was 0.24 ± 0.04 ml/cat, and the total mean dose of TKX was 0.27 ± 0.09 ml. Overall mortality rate was 0.35% (26/7,502) cats, and the death rate attributable solely to potential anesthetic deaths was 0.23% (17/7,502) cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The use of TKX for large-scale feral cat neutering clinics has several benefits. The TKX combination is inexpensive, provides predictable results, can be administered quickly and easily in a small volume, and is associated with a low mortality rate in feral cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 220:1491–1495)
Congestive heart failure in horses: 14 cases (1984–2001)
Authors: Davis Jennifer L. , Gardner Sarah Y. , Schwabenton Brooke , Breuhaus Babetta A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To identify clinical signs, underlying cardiac conditions, echocardiographic findings, and prognosis for horses with congestive heart failure.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—14 horses.Procedure—Signalment; history; clinical signs; clinicopathologic, echocardiographic, and radiographic findings; treatment; and outcome were determined by reviewing medical records.Results—All 14 horses were examined because of a heart murmur; tachycardia was identified in all 14. Twelve horses had echocardiographic evidence of enlargement of 1 or more chambers of the heart. Other common clinical findings included jugular distention or pulsation, crackles, cough, tachypnea, and ventral edema. Nine horses had signs consistent with heart failure for > 6 days. Underlying causes for heart failure included congenital defects, traumatic vascular rupture, pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension secondary to heaves, and valvular dysplasia. Seven horses were euthanatized after diagnosis of heart failure; 5 were discharged but were euthanatized or died of complications of heart disease within 1 year after discharge. The remaining 2 horses were discharged but lost to follow-up.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that congestive heart failure is rare in horses. A loud heart murmur accompanied by either jugular distention or pulsation, tachycardia, respiratory abnormalities (crackles, cough, tachypnea), and ventral edema were the most common clinical signs. Echocardiography was useful in determining the underlying cause in affected horses. The long-term prognosis for horses with congestive heart failure was grave. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1512–1515)