bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid Prescribing and Outcomes in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Post–2016 CDC Guideline
Authors: Kang Hyeun Ah , Wang Bofei , Barner Jamie C. , Ataga Kenneth I. , Mignacca Robert C. , Chang Alicia , Zhang Yahan 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceAlthough the intention of the 2016 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain was not to limit pain treatment for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), clinicians and patients have recognized the possibility that the guideline may have altered outcomes for this population. However, the outcomes of the 2016 guideline for this patient population are unknown.ObjectiveTo examine changes in opioid prescribing patterns and health outcomes among patients with SCD before and after the release of the 2016 CDC guideline.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study conducted interrupted time series analysis of claims data from the Merative MarketScan Commercial Database from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019. In this population-based study in the US, individuals with SCD who were at least 1 year of age, had no cancer diagnosis, and had pharmacy coverage for the month of measurement were included. The data were analyzed from January 2021 to November 2023.ExposureThe CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain released in March 2016.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main variables measured in this study included the practice of opioid prescribing among patients with SCD (ie, rate of opioid prescriptions dispensed, mean number of days supplied, mean total morphine milligram equivalents [MME] per patient, and mean daily MME per opioid prescription) and pain-related health outcomes (rates of emergency department visits related to vaso-occlusive crises [VOC] and hospitalizations related to VOC).ResultsThe cohort included 14 979 patients with SCD (mean [SD] age, 25.9 [16.9] years; 8520 [56.9%] female). Compared with the preguideline trends, after the guideline was released, there was no change in opioid dispensing rate (−0.01 [95% CI, −0.04 to 0.02]) prescriptions per 100 person-month; P = .56), but there were significant decreases in the number of days supplied per prescription (−0.05 [95% CI, −0.06 to −0.04] days per prescription-month; P &amp;lt; .001) and opioid dosage (−40.0 [95% CI, −60.9 to −19.0] MME per person-month; P = .001; −10.1 [95% CI, −14.6 to −5.6] MME/prescription-month; P &amp;lt; .001). Conversely, significant increases in VOC-related emergency department visits (0.04 [95% CI, 0.02-0.05] visits per 100 person-month; P &amp;lt; .001) and hospitalizations (0.07 [95% CI, 0.05-0.1] hospitalizations per 100 person-month; P &amp;lt; .001) occurred after the guideline release. These changes were observed to a greater extent among adult patients, but pediatric patients experienced similar changes in several measures, even though the guideline focused exclusively on adult patients.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective cohort study showed that the 2016 CDC guideline may have had unintended negative outcomes on the patient population living with SCD.
Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus With Continuous Intravenous Anesthetic Drugs
Authors: Au Yu Kan , Kananeh Mohammed F. , Rahangdale Rahul , Moore Timothy Eoin , Panza Gregory A. , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Fernandez Andres , Shah Syed Omar 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceMultiple continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs (CIVADs) are available for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE). There is a paucity of data comparing the different types of CIVADs used for RSE.ObjectiveTo systematically review and compare outcome measures associated with the initial CIVAD choice in RSE in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Evidence ReviewData sources included English and non-English articles using Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science (January 1994-June 2023) as well as manual search. Study selection included peer-reviewed studies of 5 or more patients and at least 1 patient older than 12 years with status epilepticus refractory to a benzodiazepine and at least 1 standard antiseizure medication, treated with continuously infused midazolam, ketamine, propofol, pentobarbital, or thiopental. Independent extraction of articles was performed using prespecified data items. The association between outcome variables and CIVAD was examined with an analysis of variance or χ2test where appropriate. Binary logistic regressions were used to examine the association between outcome variables and CIVAD with etiology, change in mortality over time, electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (continuous vs intermittent), and treatment goal (seizure vs burst suppression) included as covariates. Risk of bias was addressed by listing the population and type of each study.FindingsA total of 66 studies with 1637 patients were included. Significant differences among CIVAD groups in short-term failure, hypotension, and CIVAD substitution during treatment were observed. Non–epilepsy-related RSE (vs epilepsy-related RSE) was associated with a higher rate of CIVAD substitution (60 of 120 [50.0%] vs 11 of 43 [25.6%]; odds ratio [OR], 3.11; 95% CI, 1.44-7.11;P = .006) and mortality (98 of 227 [43.2%] vs 7 of 63 [11.1%]; OR, 17.0; 95% CI, 4.71-109.35;P &amp;lt; .001). Seizure suppression was associated with mortality (OR, 7.72; 95% CI, 1.77-39.23;P = .005), but only a small subgroup was available for analysis (seizure suppression: 17 of 22 [77.3%] from 3 publications vs burst suppression: 25 of 98 [25.5%] from 12 publications). CIVAD choice and EEG type were not predictors of mortality. Earlier publication year was associated with mortality, although the observation was no longer statistically significant after adjusting SEs for clustering.Conclusions and RelevanceEpilepsy-related RSE was associated with lower mortality compared with other RSE etiologies. A trend of decreasing mortality over time was observed, which may suggest an effect of advances in neurocritical care. The overall data are heterogeneous, which limits definitive conclusions on the choice of optimal initial CIVAD in RSE treatment.
MR‐linac MLC positioning QA by digitally stitching dual double‐exposed films
Authors: Sun Sheng‐Hsuan , Kollitz Erika , Tseng Wen‐Chih , Schwarz Amanda , Maloney Luke , Li Jonathan , Liu Chihray , Yan Guanghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe picket fence (PF) test is highly recommended for multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) quality assurance. However, since the electronic portal imaging device (EPID) on the Elekta Unity only covers a small area, it is not feasible to perform the PF test for the entire MLC. Here, we propose a technique for the PF test by stitching two double‐exposed films.MethodsTwo EBT3 films were used to encompass the entire MLC, with each one covering one half of the area. Two fields were employed to apply double exposure: a PF pattern consisting of 11 2 mm wide pickets and a 2.84 cm x 22 cm open field. The edges of the open field defined by the diaphragms were used to correct film rotation as well as align them horizontally. The PF pattern was also measured with the EPID where the pickets were used to align the films vertically. Individual leaf positions were detected on the merged film for quantitative analysis. Various MLC positioning errors were introduced to evaluate the technique's sensitivity.ResultsThe merged films covered 72 leaf pairs properly (four leaf pairs on both sides were outside the treatment couch). With the EPID, the leaf positioning accuracy was ‐0.02 ± 0.07 mm (maximum: 0.29 mm) and the picket width variation was 0.00 ± 0.03 mm (maximum: 0.11 mm); with the films, the position accuracy and width variation were ‐0.03 ± 0.13 mm (maximum: 0.80 mm) and 0.00 ± 0.13 mm (maximum: 0.74 mm), respectively. The EPID was able to detect errors of 0.5 mm or above with submillimeter accuracy; the films were only able to detect errors > 1.0 mm.ConclusionWe developed a quantitative technique for the PF test on the Elekta Unity. The merged films covered nearly the entire MLC leaf banks. The technique exhibited clinically acceptable accuracy and sensitivity to MLC positioning errors.
Ion‐Sieving Effect Enabled by Sulfonation of Cellulose Separator Realizing Dendrite‐Free Zn Deposition
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Yang Ming , Chen Minfeng , Zhang Guifeng , Han Xiang , Chen Jizhang , Ma Dingtao , Zhang Peixin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) hold great potential for grid‐scale energy storage systems, owing to their intrinsic safety and low cost. Nevertheless, their industrialization faces challenges of severe Zn dendrites and parasitic reactions. In this study, sulfonated cellulose separator (denoted as CF‐SO3) with low thickness, exceptional mechanical strength, and large ionic conductivity is developed. Benefiting from the electrostatic repulsion between ─SO3− functional groups and SO42− anions and the strongly interaction between ─SO3− and Zn2+ cations, the migration of SO42− anions can be restricted, the 2D diffusion of Zn2+ ions at the surface of Zn electrode can be suppressed, and the desolvation of hydrated Zn2+ ions can be promoted. Concurrently, the homogeneous nanochannels within CF‐SO3 separator can ensure uniform electric field and Zn2+ ion flux. With these benefits, the CF‐SO3 separator enables Zn//Zn cells to run stably for 1200 h at 4 mAh cm−2 by facilitating oriented and dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Under a large depth of discharge of 68.3%, a life span of 400 h can still be achieved. Additionally, the reliability of CF‐SO3 separator is confirmed in Zn//MnO2 and Zn//H11Al2V6O23.2 full batteries with high mass loading conditions. This work provides valuable guidance for the advancement of high‐performance separators of AZIBs.
Dynamic Hyperspectral Holography Enabled by Inverse‐Designed Metasurfaces with Oblique Helicoidal Cholesterics
Authors: Kim Joohoon , Im Jun‐Hyung , So Sunae , Choi Yeongseon , Kang Hyunjung , Lim Bogyu , Lee Minjae , Kim Young‐Ki , Rho Junsuk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces are flat arrays of nanostructures that allow exquisite control of phase and amplitude of incident light. Although metasurfaces offer new active element for both fundamental science and applications, the challenge still remains to overcome their low information capacity and passive nature. Here, by integrating an inverse‐designed‐metasurface with oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal (ChOH), simultaneous spatial and spectral tunable metasurfaces with a high information capacity for dynamic hyperspectral holography, are demonstrated. The inverse design facilitates a single‐phase map encoding of ten independent holographic images at different wavelengths. ChOH provides precise spectral modulation with narrow bandwidth and wide tunable regime in response to programmed stimuli, thus enabling dynamic switching of the multicolor holography. The results provide simple and generalizable principles for the rational design of interactive metasurfaces that will find numerous applications, including security platform.
Color‐Tunable Luminescence of Eu‐Doped LaF3 Particles Sensitized by d–f Energy Transfer from a Two‐Photon Absorbing Ir(III) Complex
Authors: Ye Yating , Jiménez Juan‐Ramón , Quesada‐Moreno María Mar , Navarro Amparo , Ortega‐Naranjo Esther M. , Orte Angel , Herrera Juan Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe surface of Eu0.3La0.7F3 submicron particles is functionalized with a blue‐emitting Ir(III) complex (1) specifically designed to coordinate lanthanide(III) ions efficiently through a carboxylic unit. In this Eu0.3La0.7F3@1 composite, the Ir(III) complexes are randomly coordinated to either superficial La(III) ions or Eu(III) ions (Ir‐Lasurface and Ir‐Eusurface pairs, respectively) and its color emission, a balance between blue (Ir‐based) and red (Eu‐based) light, can be tuned as a function of the excitation wavelength. Irradiation at the maximum of the excitation band in 1 promotes blue emission from Ir‐Lasurface pairs and red emission from Eusurface ions sensitized by Ir → Eusurface energy transfer (EnT). At λexc = 396 nm (maximum of the Eu(III) 5L6 ← 7F0 absorption band) the red emission from inner Eu(III) ions becomes dominant. Excitation of 1 can also be achieved by two photon‐absorption (TPA) since this complex has a moderate cross‐section of σ2 = 9.4 ± 1.0 GM at 780 nm (σ2 = 5.8 ± 0.6 GM at 800 nm). Phosphorescence lifetime imaging (PLIM) allows the emission of individual particles to be visualized and the Ir‐, Eusurface‐, and Eucore‐based emissions can be distinguished due to the significant differences in their respective emission lifetimes.
High‐Resolution Printed Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Based Strain Sensor for Impact Sensing
Authors: Nazari Pariya , Zimmermann Johannes , Melzer Christian , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Aghassi‐Hagmann Jasmin , Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Lemmer Uli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe strongly growing interest in digitalizing society requires simple and reliable strain‐sensing concepts. In this work, a highly sensitive stretchable sensor is presented using a straightforward and scalable printing method. The piezoresistive sensor consists of conductive core–shell microspheres embedded in an elastomer. As the elastomer, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is employed as an efficient and cost‐effective alternative compared to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). EVA allows for a significantly lower percolation threshold and low hysteresis compared with PDMS. Using 35 µm microspheres, a detection limit of 0.01% is achieved. When using 4 µm microspheres, the sensor shows a detection limit of 0.015% and electromechanical robustness against 1000 cycles of 0–1% strain. The stretchable strain sensor is successfully implemented as an impact sensor and a diaphragm expansion monitoring sensor. Fast (20 ms) and high‐resolution response as well as mechanical robustness to strain values greater than the linear working range of the sensor are demonstrated. The results of this research indicate the promising potential of employing conductive microspheres embedded in the EVA matrix for fast and precise strain detection applications.
Cutting‐Edge Technology for Early Intervention in Myocardial Infarction: Portable Fingertips‐Based Immunobiosensor
Authors: Yu Zhichao , Wu Di , Gao Yuan , Wang Yunsen , Zeng Yongyi , Tang Dianping , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarly intervention in acute myocardial infarction can minimize myocardial damage and improve patient survival. Herein, a low‐cost device‐free portable immunobiosensing platform for flexible monitoring of immediate myocardial infarction is reported. CuS‐Pt nanofragments (CuS‐Pt NFs) with high photothermal conversion efficiency (≈26.41%) are synthesized by liquid‐phase polarity‐mediated synthesis. The CuS NFs are loaded in situ with platinum (Pt) nanoreactors using a solvothermal reduction strategy, which is employed to enhance the efficiency of gas production. The resulting CuS‐Pt nanocatalysts are encapsulated within liposomes for signal cascade amplification. Specifically, cardiac troponin I (cTn I), a target biomarker in serum, is captured on pre‐modified microtiter plates and formed into a classical sandwich model. The thermo‐chemically kinetically enhanced CuS‐Pt reactor is released through a one‐step chemical treatment and transferred to a closed gas generator. Under the excitation of a near‐infrared laser emitter, the internal pressure in the gas generator device increases with time and drives the carbon quantum dot solution in the connected hose. The moving distance shows a correlation with the target concentration. This work provides a new implementation for the development of low‐cost, efficient pressure immunosensors without the requirement of a readout device.
Technoeconomic and Emissions Analysis of the Hybrid Redox Process for the Production of Acetic Acid with CO2 Utilization
Authors: Haribal Vasudev , Iftikhar Sherafghan , Tong Andrew , Rayer Aravind , Sanderson Corry , Li Fanxing , Neal Luke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe production of oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as acetic acid, using captured CO2 is a promising pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the chemical industry. The use of a chemical looping‐based hybrid redox process (HRP) is proposed to convert CO2 and natural gas into separate CO and syngas streams that can be used to produce various commodity oxygenates, while allowing the beneficial utilization of captured CO2. Here, a detailed technoeconomic analysis of HRP applied to the production of acetic acid is presented. Emissions and energy analyses show the ability of HRP to lower the CO2 emissions for acetic acid synthesis by 74% compared to a conventional steam and autothermal reforming route. HRP also offers a potential 34% reduction in capital costs. Compared to a dry reforming based acetic acid production route, HRP has the potential for significantly lower costs. If integrated with a low carbon energy source, HRP has the potential to achieve a negative emission of greenhouse gas (‐0.50 kg CO2 per kg acetic acid).
Cysteine‐Specific Multifaceted Bioconjugation of Peptides and Proteins Using 5‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazines
Authors: Zuo Quan , Li Yiping , Lai Xuanliang , Bao Guangjun , Chen Lu , He Zeyuan , Song Xinyi , E Ruiyao , Wang Pengxin , Shi Yuntao , Luo Huixin , Sun Wangsheng , Wang Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeptide and protein postmodification have gained significant attention due to their extensive impact on biomolecule engineering and drug discovery, of which cysteine‐specific modification strategies are prominent due to their inherent nucleophilicity and low abundance. Herein, the study introduces a novel approach utilizing multifunctional 5‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazine derivatives to achieve multifaceted bioconjugation targeting cysteine‐containing peptides and proteins. On the one hand, this represents an inaugural instance of employing 1,2,3‐triazine in biomolecular‐specific modification within a physiological solution. On the other hand, as a powerful combination of precision modification and biorthogonality, this strategy allows for the one‐pot dual‐orthogonal functionalization of biomolecules utilizing the aldehyde group generated simultaneously. 1,2,3‐Triazine derivatives with diverse functional groups allow conjugation to peptides or proteins, while bi‐triazines enable peptide cyclization and dimerization. The examination of the stability of bi‐triazines revealed their potential for reversible peptide modification. This work establishes a comprehensive platform for identifying cysteine‐selective modifications, providing new avenues for peptide‐based drug development, protein bioconjugation, and chemical biology research.
Oxide Semiconductor Memristor‐Based Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices With Quaternary Memory Storage
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Hyeon , Lee Hye Jin , Kim Hee‐Jin , Choi Jongyun , Oh Jae‐Hyeok , Choi Dae‐Choul , Byun Jisu , Ahn Seung‐Eon , Lee Sung‐Nam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA pioneering integration of oxide semiconductor memristors with optoelectronic features is presented, surpassing binary limitations to realize multi‐valued synaptic operations. Through Pt/Ga2O3/Pt memristors, their structural and electronic attributes via atomic force microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are explored. Demonstrating unipolar resistance switching with remarkable endurance and retention, the devices exhibit intricate light‐resistance correlations, yielding substantial photoelectric effects in distinct resistance states. Investigating synaptic behaviors, potentiation, and depression akin to biological synapses are unveiled, facilitating learning and memory processes. The standout achievement lies in attaining quaternary memory storage within a single device. Empirical data and simulations validate this concept, showcasing the potential for encoding and sustaining multiple memory states. This innovation heralds transformative possibilities, emphasizing oxide semiconductor memristors as a gateway to quaternary memory storage and enhanced synaptic functions. In essence, this work pioneers optoelectronic synaptic devices with expanded memory capabilities.
Iridium Oxide Coordinatively Unsaturated Active Sites Govern the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Water
Authors: Velasco Vélez Juan Jesús , Bernsmeier Denis , Mom Rik V. , Zeller Patrick , Shao‐Horn Yang , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert , Jones Travis E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA special membrane electrode assembly to measure operando X‐ray absorption spectra and resonant photoemission spectra of mesoporous templated iridium oxide films is used. These films are calcined to different temperatures to mediate the catalyst activity. By combining operando resonant photoemission measurements of different films with ab initio simulations these are able to unambiguously distinguish µ2‐O (bridging oxygen) and µ1‐O (terminal oxygen) in the near‐surface regions of the catalysts. The intrinsic activity of iridium oxide scales with the formation of µ1‐O (terminal oxygen) is found. Importantly, it is shown that the peroxo species do not accumulate under reaction conditions. Rather, the formation of µ1‐O species, which are active in O−O bond formation during the OER, is the most oxidized oxygen species observed, which is consistent with an O−O rate‐limiting step. Thus, the oxygen species taking part in the electrochemical oxidation of water on iridium electrodes are more involved and complex than previously stated. This result highlights the importance of employing theory together with true and complementary operando measurements capable of probing different aspects of catalysts surfaces during operation.
Nitric Acid‐Mediated Artificial Urea Photo‐Synthesis With N2 And CO2
Authors: Shi Chuanwei , Xia Kai , Zhang Linlin , Guo Mingxia , Guan Xiping , Gu ChunLei , Yang Xiaolong , Wang Yong , Liu Xia , Ding Xin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic urea synthesis, utilizing N2 and CO2 as feedstock and sustainable solar energy, represents an environmentally friendly and promising alternative strategy. However, the conventional unidirectional gas phase co‐reduction techniques typically employes pose stringent demands for the design of key catalysts, reaction control, mass transfer, and other aspects, due to the disparity in physical properties, structure, and catalytic kinetics between N2 and CO2. Herein, Ru‐TiO2 is synthesized and employed as an effective catalyst for urea photo‐synthesis through a nitric acid‐mediated pathway combining nitrogen oxidation and subsequent kinetically advantageous nitrate and CO2 co‐reduction. A urea yield of 24.95 µmol h−1 g−1cat. is obtained through an innovative intermittent illumination method, AQE values of 4.7% and 6.3% at 380 and 420 nm, respectively. The remarkable photo‐activity is attributed to its unique oxygen vacancy‐anchored Ru nanostructure (Ru‐O4Ti1), which effectively activates inert N2 molecules to minish the disparity of orbital energy levels, facilitates the formation of crucial *NN(OH) intermediates, and serves as an “electronic pump” to avoid electronegativity effect for facilitating electron transfer from nitrogen to TiO2 support for urea photosynthesis. This study presents groundbreaking insights for nitrogen oxidation activation and provides brand‐new ideas for the direct resource utilization of nitrogen.