bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck
Authors: Oguea Joseph H. , Toomey James M. , Setzen Michael , Sobol Steven 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEight cases, the largest series of malignant fibrous histiocytomas of the head and neck to date, are reported. In over one‐half of the cases, the initial problems encountered in the case made the true diagnosis misleading. For correct diagnosis multiple biopsies may be required. The diagnosis is further confirmed by the clinical behavior of the tumor and its site, size, and depth of involvement. Four specific histopathologic variants are described. Wide surgical excision is the preferred treatment. The potential role of adjunctive irradiation should be considered.
Traumatic perilymph fistula
Authors: Emmett John R. , Shea John J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBetween July 1976 and August 1979, 14 patients underwent surgical repair of a traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. Of these 14 patients, 9 were found to have a profuse perilymph fistula of the round and/or oval window. The perilymph fistula involved the oval window in 2 patients, the round window in 2 patients, and both the oval and round windows in 5 patients. The paucity of suggestive symptoms was the rule, rather than the exception. The mean sensorineural component of hearing loss in the 9 patients was only 11 db, and was often so slight as to be overlooked preoperatively. Only 1 of the 9 patients had vertigo. Six of the 9 had no unsteadiness. Of the 9 patients, 6 had intermittent or no tinnitus; 6 of the 9 paaients had a history of bloody otorrhea; and at their initial examination, 6 of the 9 patients had a dry tympanic membrane perforation. The fistula test was positive in 4 of the 5 patients tested. Of the 8 patients tested, 6 had a positive tandem Romberg sign. The fistulas were repaired with a tissue graft and all had their sensorineural hearing loss return to normal.There was very little difference between the hearing, complaints of tinnitus, unsteadiness, and vertigo in patients with traumatic tympanic membrane perforations with profuse perilymph fistulas and those without fistulas. This fact, coupled with the high incidence (64%) of associated perilymph fistulas, leads the authors to suggest early repair of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations with careful examination of both the round and oval windows. Perilymph fistulas should be suspected in patients with a positive fistula test and/or a positive tandem Romberg sign.
Transplantation of fresh allografts (homografts) of crushed and uncrushed cartilage and bone: A 1‐year analysis in rabbits
Authors: Brown Barry L. , Kern Eugene B. , Neel H. Bryan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFresh allografts (homografts) of cartilage and bone, crushed and uncrushed, were transplanted in 53 rabbits. Each material was implanted into the auricle and concomitantly into the subdermis of the face. Postoperative assessment was every 1 to 3 days; sacrifice was at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year for microscopic evaluation. Uncrushed cartilage allografts remained viable, and no significant resorption occurred. Crushed cartilage was significantly resorbed by 6 weeks but changed little after that. Resorption of uncrushed bone was moderate and appeared to be ongoing. Total resorption by 1 year occurred in the absence of contact with perichondrium or periosteum. Crushed bone, like crushed cartilage, was largely resorbed. These data document the fact that uncrushed cartilage is superior to crushed cartilage, crushed bone, or uncrushed bone for fresh allograft transplantation in the rabbit and that uncrushed cartilage is probably superior to all other fresh allografts for use in the clinical setting.
Interpreter Services in An Inner City Teaching Hospital: A 6-Year Experience
Authors: Khwaja Nadeem , Sharma Saroj , Wong Julian , Murray David , Ghosh Jonathan , Murphy Michael O , Halka Anastassi T , Walker Michael G 
Published: November 2006

INTRODUCTION Being able to communicate effectively with patients is essential not only from a medicolegal standpoint but more importantly from clinical governance perspectives. Issues such as informed consent and patient choice within the NHS are currently being highlighted; for these to be available to patients, their language requirements are paramount. PATIENTS AND METHODS An audit was performed by the Linkworkers office at the Central Manchester & Manchester Children's Hospital NHS (CMMC) Trust on the total number of attendances and refusals per language in the period 1998–2003. RESULTS In the CMMC Trust, Urdu/Punjabi, Bengali, Cantonese, Somali, Arabic and French represent the majority of the workload, comprising almost 80% of cases in 2003. In the same year, an increase in demand for languages of Eastern European countries became evident. Finding interpreters for these languages even via agencies can be extremely difficult. CONCLUSIONS If the current trend continues, requirement for these services will increase exponentially. For this demand to be met adequately these issues must be kept at the forefront of NHS planning.
The Extended Scope Physiotherapist in Orthopaedic Out-Patients – An Audit
Authors: Pearse EO , Maclean A , Ricketts DM 
Published: November 2006

INTRODUCTION We undertook an audit of the activity of the extended scope physiotherapists (ESPs) in our unit. We assessed their activity against three benchmark data: (i) independent assessment and management by the ESP of 85% of patients seen by them; (ii) no patient to be re-referred to a surgeon with the same problem; and (iii) patient satisfaction rate of 89%. PATIENTS AND METHODS All new referrals seen by the ESPs over the 6-month period between July 2002 and December 2002 were included in the audit. Patient medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were contacted by telephone 12 months after their initial clinic appointment to obtain patient satisfaction scores. RESULTS In the 6-month period, 150 patients (75 male, 75 female) were seen. Their median age was 43.5 years (range, 17–85 years). Their main complaints related to the spine (42%), knee (33%), shoulder (18%), or other site (7%). The ESPs saw and managed 82/150 patients (55%) independently. Consultant review was required for 81% of shoulder cases, 34% of knee cases and 11% of back cases. GPs re-referred 4/150 patients (3%). We successfully contacted 126 patients by telephone: 97 (77%) were satisfied with their management by ESPs. Of patients who were dissatisfied, 76% did not see a consultant at any stage in their management. CONCLUSIONS ESPs fulfilled a useful role in our orthopaedic out-patient clinic particularly in the back clinic. The percentage of independently managed patients was much lower than the figure quoted in the literature. We suspect that the published literature does not reflect modern referral patterns and recommend that time for review of new patients seen by ESPs should be factored into consultant's clinic time. Patients' expectations may be a barrier to achieving greater levels of patient satisfaction.
Applying policy and evidence in developing cultural diversity teaching in undergraduate medical education in the UK
Authors: Dogra Nisha , Williams Richard 
Published: November 2006

English
This article reports on a study that explored the views of 61 medical education stakeholders about the teaching and learning of cultural diversity in UK medical schools. While a majority of the respondents were familiar with Tomorrow’s doctors, there is little evidence to suggest that it influenced the development of cultural diversity in medical schools or that the GMC’s intentions have been implemented in any meaningful way. We conclude that there are gaps at each of three levels of policy that have led to a lack of coherence in the development and delivery of cultural diversity teaching in the UK.
The cognitive interview: Inexperienced police officers' perceptions of their witness/victim interviewing practices
Authors: Dando Coral , Wilcock Rachel , Milne Rebecca 
Published: November 2006

Purpose. The primary objectives of the study reported here were twofold. First, to investigate less experienced frontline police officers' perceptions of their witness interviewing practices with specific reference to their use of the ten cognitive interview components taught during initial PEACE (a mnemonic for the stages of the interview; Planning and preparation, Engage and explain, Account, Closure and Evaluation) interview training. Second, to investigate this group of officers' practical experiences of interviewing witnesses.Method. A sample of 221 young, in‐service, non‐specialist police officers from five UK police forces completed a self‐report questionnaire concerning their perceived witness interviewing practices. Respondents were surveyed about their use of the PEACE cognitive interview components, their practical experiences of interviewing witnesses and victims, and their views on investigative interviewing training.Results. There was a consensus among these officers that they perceived using some of the PEACE cognitive interview components more frequently and perceived some of them to be more effective than others.Conclusion. This study provides a unique insight into the perceived interviewing practices of some of the least experienced and the least trained investigative interviewers who conduct the majority of frontline witness interviews. These officers report feeling inadequately trained, under pressure and generally ill equipped to conduct a PEACE cognitive interview.
Einheitenkonstruktion im Türkendeutschen: Grammatische und prosodische Aspekte
Authors: Kern Friederike , Selting Margret 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Our article investigates grammatical and prosodic aspects of turn construction in ‘Türkendeutsch’ (Turkish German), a new ethnic variety of German that is spoken mainly by Turkish adolescents. In our approach, Turkish German is regarded as a style of speaking that is systematically used as a resource for the organization of natural conversational interaction.
On the basis of interactional linguistic theory and conversation-analytic methodology, we investigate pre-positionings and post-positionings of turn constructional units, short prosodic units, and principles of accent placement on word and utterance level. In Turkish German, pre-positionings of temporal adverbs – with following V2-clauses – are often packaged in separate prosodic units with primary accents. Such prosodically exposed pre-positionings are used as focusing devices in narratives. Some kinds of post-positionings are formated according to particular rules of Turkish German which are influenced by Turkish principles of accentuation. They are deployed to shift the focus to the very end of the turn-constructional unit and thus create suspense and/or focus each bit of information separately.
Accentuation principles on both word and utterance level have been found to differ from Standard German accentuation rules in specific contexts. A speaker may playfully shift a word accent (word stress) to create ironic distance; in other instances, primary accents of utterances are shifted to constitute rhythmic coherence with prior utterances rather than to signal the focus of the utterance.
To sum up, grammatical and prosodic resources are shown to be systematically used for the organization of talk-in-interaction.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Neonatal Encephalopathy at 4.7 Tesla: Initial Experiences
Authors: De Vita Enrico , Bainbridge Alan , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Hagmann Cornelia , Lombard Rosarie , Chong Wui K. , Wyatt John S. , Cady Ernest B. , Ordidge Roger J. , Robertson Nicola J. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The goals were to develop safe 4.7-T MRI examination protocols for newborn infants and to explore the advantages of this field strength in neonatal encephalopathy.
METHODS. Nine ventilated newborn infants with moderate or severe encephalopathy were studied at 4.7 T, with ethical approval and informed parental consent. The custom-made, 4.7-T-compatible, neonatal patient management system included acoustic noise protection and physiologic monitoring. An adult head coil was used. Acquisition parameters for T2-weighted fast spin echo MRI and a variety of T1-weighted methods were adapted for MRI of neonatal brain at 4.7 T. The pulse sequences used had a radiofrequency specific absorption rate of &lt;2 W/kg.
RESULTS. Physiologic measures were normal throughout each scan. T2-weighted fast spin echo imaging provided better anatomic resolution and gray/white matter contrast than typically obtained at 1.5 T; T1-weighted images were less impressive.
CONCLUSIONS. With appropriate safety precautions, MRI of newborn infants undergoing intensive care is as feasible at 4.7 T as it is at 1.5 T; our initial studies produced T2-weighted fast spin echo images with more detail than commonly obtained at 1.5 T. Although T1-weighted images were not adequately informative, additional pulse sequence optimization may be advantageous. A smaller neonatal head coil should also permit greater flexibility in acquisition parameters and even more anatomic resolution and tissue contrast. In neonatal encephalopathy, interpretation of the T2-weighted pathologic detail in combination with comprehensive neurodevelopmental follow-up should improve prognostic accuracy and enable more patient-specific therapeutic interventions. In addition, more precise relationships between structural changes and functional impairment may be defined.
Placebo response in binge eating disorder
Authors: Jacobs‐Pilipski M. Joy , Wilfley Denise E. , Crow Scott J. , Walsh B. Timothy , Lilenfeld Lisa R.R. , West Delia Smith , Berkowitz Robert I. , Hudson James I. , Fairburn Christopher G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:Placebo response in studies of binge eating disorder (BED) has raised concern about its diagnostic stability. The aims of this study were (1) to compare placebo responders (PRs) with nonresponders (NRs); (2) to investigate the course of BED following placebo response; and (3) to examine attributions regarding placebo response.Method:The baseline placebo run‐in phase (BL) was part of a RCT investigating sibutramine hydrochloride for BED; it included 451 participants, ages 19–63, diagnosed with BED. Follow‐up (FU) included 33 PRs.Results:In this study, 32.6% of participants responded to placebo (PRs = 147; NRs = 304). PRs exhibited significantly less symptom severity. At FU (n = 33), many PRs reported continued symptoms.Conclusion:PRs exhibited significantly less severe pathology than NRs. Placebo response in BED may transitory or incomplete. The results of this study suggest variable stability in the BED diagnosis. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
What's driving the binge in binge eating disorder?: A prospective examination of precursors and consequences
Authors: Stein Richard I. , Kenardy Justin , Wiseman Claire V. , Dounchis Jennifer Zoler , Arnow Bruce A. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:Previous research, mostly using retrospective reports, indicated a relation of negative affect and dietary restraint with the occurrence of binge episodes in binge eating disorder (BED). We employed Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to better understand precursors and consequences of binge eating.Method:Thirty‐three females with BED carried a handheld computer for 7 days, and were periodically prompted to indicate their current emotions, hunger, and binge status.Results:Negative mood and hunger were significantly higher at prebinge than at nonbinge times, but negative mood was even higher at postbinge. Participants attributed binge episodes to mood more frequently than to hunger or abstinence violation.Conclusion:The finding that negative mood is actually heightened subsequent to a binge suggests the need to further investigate what is reinforcing about a binge, including possible escape from self‐awareness. Strengths of EMA technology are discussed, as well as its broad utility in BED assessment and treatment. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Spontaneous cervical lymphocele
Authors: Hekiert Adrianna , Newman Jason , Sargent Rachel , Weinstein Gregory 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground.Primary (spontaneous) cervical lymphoceles in adults are extremely rare. More frequently occurring acquired cervical lymphoceles have been described in the setting of a neck trauma or after a neck dissection. We report a case of a spontaneous left cervical lymphocele in a previously asymptomatic female.Methods and Results.A 44‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐month history of a left neck mass initially noted by her physician during a routine physical examination. She denied prior head and neck surgery or neck trauma. CT scan of the neck revealed a left cystic mass. Fine‐needle aspiration of the cyst yielded chylous material and lymphocytes. The surgical specimen grossly and microscopically was consistent with a lymphocele. The diagnosis was confirmed using D2‐40 antibody targeting lymphatic endothelial cells lining the cyst.Conclusion.Primary cervical lymphocele should be included in the differential diagnosis of a solitary neck mass in an adult. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Exposure risk assessment and evaluation of the best management practice for controlling pesticide runoff from paddy fields. Part 1: Paddy watershed monitoring
Authors: Vu Son Hong , Ishihara Satoru , Watanabe Hirozumi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRice pesticide concentrations in surface water along with hydrological balance and water management conditions were investigated in a paddy watershed of about 100 ha at the Sakura river basin in Tsukuba, Japan, for 3 years from April 2002. Monitoring on different hydrological scales ranging from a paddy plot up to a watershed determined the importance of water management associated with rainfall events and the cyclic irrigation for reducing pesticide discharge into aquatic environments. Surface drainage significantly increased as a response to rainfall events greater than about 1.5 cm day−1. A total of 16 herbicides were detected in the stream water and their peak concentrations mostly occurred from early to mid‐May following the pesticide application period. Two water management factors influencing the pesticide runoff from paddy fields were defined: excess water storage capacity (EWSC) and water holding period (WHP). Uncertainty analyses of pesticide discharge from a paddy plot for dymron (daimuron) and imazosulfuron (IMS) were performed using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) with prescribed probability of rainfall and water management practice from observations over a period of 3 years. Application of an intermittent irrigation scheme with shallow water depth practice and high drainage gate to maintain the EWSC > 2 cm and increasing WHP from the current Japanese Agricultural Chemicals Regulation law of 3–4 days to at least 10 days were recommended for reducing the pesticide runoff from paddy fields in a monsoon region such as in Japan. The combination of good water management in field plots and small‐scale water cycling is the best management practice for controlling pesticide discharge from paddy watersheds. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of cotton cloth soil removal by inclusion of alkaline cellulase from Bacillus sp. KSM‐635 in detergents
Authors: Hoshino Eiichi , Chiwaki Masahito , Suzuki Akira , Murata Moriyasu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlkaline cellulase from Bacillus sp. KSM‐635 (EC 3.2.1.4) had reproducible detergent effects on cotton cloth that was artificially or naturally soiled with oily and/or particulate matter, under European washing conditions. The detergent effects of the cellulase, in combination with surfactants, apparently were the result of enzymatic action on amorphous regions of cotton fibers in which soil was trapped. The contribution of cellulase to soil removal increased as (i) the amount of soil in the amorphous regions of fibers in test fabrics was increased and (ii) the inhibition, by soil that adhered to the fibers' surfaces, of the action of the cellulase on fibers was reduced. Alkaline cellulase had the potential to replace, in part, both surfactants and zeolite in detergents, and it reduced washing time and allowed washing at lower temperatures under European washing conditions. The marked detergent effect of cellulase on naturally soiled cotton fabric was visually apparent, and it inhibited the accumulation of ash, calcium, and other inorganic components on cotton fibers during wash‐and‐wear cycles. These contributions of cellulase to the cleanliness of cotton fabrics were clearly increased by repeated wash‐and‐wear cycles. Cotton fabrics were not degraded by washing with the cellulase because effective hydrolysis by the cellulase occurred only in the amorphous regions of cotton fibers.
Self‐assembly of compounds based on a glycerin skeleton as a C‐3 building block. Part I
Authors: Urata Kouichi , Takaishi Naotake 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBiological structures from proteins through viruses to cellular organelles with dimensions of 1 to 100 nm require molecular self‐assembly and self‐organization to form nanostructures. In contrast to covalent bonding, noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic association involve lower bond energies (2–20 kcal/mol) to attain the mobility and fluidity properties of biological structures. Noncovalent interactions are also well‐known with amphiphilic molecules bearing both hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic groups and are responsible for the formation of several types of self‐assemblies such as micelles, liquid crystals, and lipid bilayers. As typical amphiphiles with a glycerin skeleton as a C‐3 building block, alkyl glyceryl ethers and their derivatives have been of interest since they show unique self‐assembly structures such as liquid crystals with hitherto unknown character.
Effect of hydrophobe structure on performance of alcohol ethoxylates
Authors: Genova Calogero , Schoenkaes Udo , Smith Dewey , Stolz Martin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlcohol ethoxylates are versatile surfactants because both the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic moieties can be varied readily to change performance. Many studies have focused on the effect of changes in the average length of the hydrophobe and the nature of the hydrophile. Less frequently studied, however, has been the effect on performance of hydrophobe structure, yet this can be varied easily by changing the alcohol feedstock used to make the alcohol ethoxylate. This study compares the performance of alcohol ethoxylates derived from oleochemical alcohol and oxo‐alcohols derived from kerosene, butylene, or coal by the Fischer‐Tropsch process. Two aspects of hydrophobe structure were found to be important for performance of alcohol ethoxylates: the overall linearity of the parent alcohol and the degree of substitution at the C2 carbon. As the linearity of the parent alcohol increases, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreases and the surface tension at the CMC increases. Increasing substitution at the C2 carbon increases the amount of unethoxylated alcohol in the ethoxylate but decreases the inverse cloud point temperature, wetting time, and foam stability in the absence of soil.