bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Village settlement among the Fante: a study of the Anomabo paramountcy
Authors: Sanders James 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphThis article examines the growth of the Anomabo settlement pattern. Two main perspectives are used: one geographical, in which the number and configuration of villages are investigated; the other historical, in which village origins are examined, largely through the use of oral evidence collected from local informants. A discussion of Anomabo's geography begins the study.
Comment on Davis’ Hypothesis of Pueblo Indian Migrations
Authors: Jett Stephen C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDavis has theorized that Paiute raids on the western peripheries of the Pueblo region caused withdrawals toward the central Anasazi areas, which in turn forced the Anasazi, who were also troubled by drought, to retreat eastward. Paiutes could have contributed to Puebloan migrations, but the evidence for movements toward the east is inconclusive. Contrary evidence, such as late Mesa Verde migrations to the south and west, the sequence of abandonments of Anasazi centers from east to west, and the probability that the Anasazi area was never populated to capacity argues against this theory.
Megascopic and Petrographic Analyses of a Foreign Pottery Vessel from the Cahokia Site
Authors: Bareis Charles J. , Porter James Warren 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA decorated pottery vessel excavated at the Cahokia site in southwestern Illinois is believed to be a specimen from the southeastern United States. A megascopic and a petrographic analysis are presented to confirm a southern origin. The megascopic analysis suggests that the vessel is of Caddoan derivation. The petrographic analysis demonstrates that the paste of the vessel is not indigenous to the American Bottoms and suggests the use of weathered Tertiary shale deposits from the lower Mississippi River Valley. Both analytical procedures are required in order to assess adequately the sources of origin for suspected foreign pottery specimens in archaeological sites.
Geological and Geochemical Evidence Concerning the Antiquity of Bone Tools from Tule Springs, Site 2, Clark County, Nevada
Authors: Haynes C. Vance , Doberenz A. R. , Allen Jack A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo bone objects from the Tule Springs site, possibly tools, occurred in ancient sedimentary fill of a small spring outlet-channel remnant. The ancient spring was active more than 40,000 years ago and again 12,000 to 13,000 years ago. The fill and the bone contained therein could be of either age. Chemical and X-ray analysis on bone of the known ages and bone from the fill showed no significant or systematic differences in fluorine, uranium, nitrogen, or phosphate content. On geological grounds, it is concluded that the bone objects are 12,000 to 13,000 years old.
Cruciform Artifacts from the Vicinity of El Paso, Texas
Authors: Brook Vernon R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCruciform artifacts made of stone have been reported from a large area in northwestern Mexico and adjoining parts of the United States. These are now being found in considerable numbers in the vicinity of El Paso, Texas. Recent finds near El Paso reveal that some cruciforms were made of bone and others of pottery. Available provenience data suggest that cruciforms were first used in the local preceramic period and continued in use until A.D. 1450.
Further Light on “Wooden Tubes” from Oregon
Authors: Leechman Douglas 
Published: April 2006

In American Antiquity for July, 1940, there appears a short article by Robin Drews, of the University of Oregon, entitled “Peculiar Wooden Tubes from Southeastern Oregon,” in which the author asks if these tubes may be “beads, gambling pieces, pipe stems, or what?” Recently I noted a scrap of ethnobotanical information which reminded me of this query and which, I feel, may throw some light on the subject.Frederick V. Coville, in his “Notes on Plants Used by the Klamath Indians of Oregon,”1 has the following to say of. the Blueberry Elder (Sambucus caerulea): “ One curious use of the plant, now rarely resorted to, but formerly common among the Snake Indians, consists in punching out the pith from sections of the stem, ramming them full of large crickets, Anabrus simplex Hald., and plugging the ends. The contents of the stems were used for food in the winter” (p. 104).
Tripod Pottery in the Central Andean Area
Authors: King Arden R. 
Published: April 2006

Within the past twenty-five years excavations and comparative research projects have revealed much concerning Central Andean prehistory. The result of this period of intensive research has been to bring about a systematic treatment of the geographical and chronological phases of the area. With such a large amount of data available it now becomes possible to follow certain detailed aspects of Central Andean prehistory in their development from one time period to another, and to designate their spatial position. The tripod pottery form offers such an opportunity, not only for the Central Andean area itself but also for immediately adjacent areas.The tripod is a rare form in Peru and Bolivia and for this reason adapts itself to comparative study. It has been of great interest to archaeologists since Kroeber pointed it out as a distinct form and suggested North Andean, and possibly Central Amercan, relationships for the cursive tripod style (Kroeber, 1925, p. 212).
A Note on Middle Mississippi Architecture
Authors: Bennett John 
Published: April 2006

In Dr. Philip Phillips' recent paper, “Middle American Influences on the Archaeology of the Southeastern United States,” there appears the following statement concerning the architecture of late cultures associated with the Mississippi pattern:
Of house types and methods of construction generally, little is known. Most indications point to a simple rectangular single-roomed type of dwelling witliout specialized entrance or other features. Larger ceremonial housqs or “temples” were not more elaborate. Construction seems to have been chiefly ot a bentpole framework covered by cane, thatch, or clay daub. Interior posts occasionally indicate a less flimsy rigidframe type of construction.
Archaeological Excavations in Chiapas
Authors: Berlin Heinrich 
Published: April 2006

When the Spaniards conquered the central portion of the Mexican state of Chiapas in 1524 they found it occupied by the so called Chiapanecs, a brave tribe which the Aztecs never permanently subdued, but who on the contrary, succeeded in seriously disturbing commerce between the Aztec metropolis and their most southern provinces.Both the origin and the history of the Chiapanecs are still unknown. There is no codex of the time prior to Cortés, nor a history written by a Chiapanec after the conquest either in Chiapanec or in Spanish. We do not even know the name of a ruler prior to the coming of the Spaniards.
Possible Antecedents of the Middle Mississippian Ceramic Complex in Northeastern Arkansas
Authors: Dellinger S. C. , Dickinson S. D. 
Published: April 2006

The ceramic complex of the Middle Mississippian phase in northeast Arkansas is comparatively well known, though its origin and relationships are still obscure. Holmes and Moore described and classified this ware, but were unable to place it chronologically. Vaillant later pointed out certain striking analogies between the vessel forms from this area and those from Mexico, Central and South America, but his study was made from the standpoint of horizontal distribution.Although the examples which he illustrates are quite suggestive of a Latin American origin, Vaillant's hypothesis is most strongly supported by specific types which have a composite silhouette. It is true that these forms are characteristic of the Arkansas Middle Mississippian complex; but they are complemented by a great number of simple vessels which are either plain or have elementary intaglio and relief designs.
Notes on Archaeological Surveys
Authors: Reeves Dache M. 
Published: April 2006

The interest in American antiquities has increased in the last few years. One result of this increased interest has been the preparation of archaeological surveys of states and lesser areas. These surveys are of great value in organizing the available knowledge and in furnishing data for future studies and explorations.In order for such publications to be of maximum usefulness, it is necessary that the locations of sites be fixed with accuracy. A description is not a survey. Such expressions as “near Springfield” or “six miles south of Jonesville” are entirely too vague.
Odell Lake Site: A New Paleo-Indian Campsite
in Oregon
Authors: Cressman L. S. 
Published: April 2006

In the summer of 1937, a new paleo-Indian site was discovered at the south end of Odell Lake in Oregon. Odell Lake (PI. VI), lies in a glacial trough just east of the divide in the Cascade Mountains, in T 23 S, R 6½ E, Willamette Meridian. The elevation of the lake is 4,792 feet (Deschutes National Forest Map, Willamette Meridian, 1947).In the summer of 1946, the proprietors, Wilson J. Wade and Charles A. Porter, were excavating for the foundations and basement of a lodge on the south side of the outlet of Odell Lake on a bench or terrace at the east end, about 25 feet above the lake. Richard P. Bottcher, Engineer of the U. S. Forest Service, Deschutes National Forest, was present. The excavation went through a bed of pumice and into the glacial moraine on which it rests. Bottcher picked up points which he thought came from under the pumice. He showed these to Mr. Phil Brogan of Bend, Oregon, Managing Editor of the Bend Bulletin, who was aware of the previous finds under Crater Lake pumice. Brogan shortly afterward called my attention to the site.
A Mississippian House from Western Missouri
Authors: Shippee J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA small rectangular house floor at the Gresham site, north of Kansas City is assigned on the basis of associated artifacts to the Steed-Kisker focus of Middle Mississippi. The house differs architecturally from the house at the Steed-Kisker site described by Wedel. These differences and other evidence point to the possibility of major cultural transitions in the area during Middle Mississippi time.
The Frank Bay Site, Lake Nipissing, Ontario
Authors: Ridley Frank 
Published: April 2006

Lake Nipissing is situated 230 miles north of Lake Ontario and roughly 140 miles within the igneous rock territory. Some 30 by 8 miles in size, it is drained westerly by the French River into Lake Huron. Frank Bay, enclosing an area of one half square mile, is situated on the south shore at the entrance to the French River.
Historically the area was occupied by an Algonkian group called “Nipisinieries” or “Nipissings” by the 17th century Jesuits; Galinee's map of 1665 depicts a bay on the south shore of Lake Nipissing at the head of the French River: “In a bay at this place the Nipissings usually locate their village” (Coyne, 1903).
The site described here, probably the one figured by Galinee, is a level tract of about one half acre constructed by wave deposition of coarse sand upon a low area at the bottom of the bay.
Waterworn Artifacts from Late Pleistocene Lake Beaches in Northern Ohio
Authors: Smith Arthur George 
Published: April 2006

” North of the watershed between the Ohio River and the St. Lawrence drainages, Ohio is a fiat plain. It is an old lake bed, rising in shallow steps from the present shore of Lake Erie. The north edge of each “step” is marked by a “Lake Ridge,” a fossil beach marking a stage in the recession of the post-glacial lake. In a few places wave, action has cut a slight terrace where the old shore line met steeper than average terrain, but along most of the extent the “ridges” mark barrier beaches between the lake and a lagoon. Here they are as distinct as a railroad embankment would be.There are three main ridges continuous across the state; these mark the longest pauses in the recession. In prehistoric times these were the main east and west trails, and today are followed along much of their length by the main east and west highways.
A New Type of Ancient Peruvian Shirt
Authors: Gayton A. H. 
Published: April 2006

The Shirt which is the subject of this article is of importance for several reasons: it exemplifies a revolutionary construction principle in old Peruvian dress, indicates that the new style was one still based on the weaver's art, and gives significance to textile fragments which heretofore have been anomalous.The specimen (Fig. 76) is the property of Edwin Ferdon of the Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe, who has kindly given permission for a descriptive and analytical article concerning it. In the spring of 1953 the writer examined the specimen, then on loan to the Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico. I wish to thank Frank Hibben, Curator of the Department's collections, for making this textile available for study, and Joseph Allen for photographing it. The shirt bears the loan number UNM F 15-93. My colleague, John Rowe, has kindly assisted with advice on the dating given herein.
The Archaic of the Lower Mississippi Valley
Authors: Haag William G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNo archaeological remains which the majority of specialists will accept as Archaic have been found in the Mississippi Valley from the mouth of Ohio River to the Gulf of Mexico. Despite this, the literature reflects a general acceptance of the belief that the Archaic stage is well represented in the Lower Valley. The presence of concentrated Archaic populations in northern Alabama and western Tennessee and Kentucky has given comparative support to these expectations and has provided part of the source for some of the hypothetical statements in the literature of what the Lower Valley Archaic ought to be like. Although the failure of writers to agree on a definition of Archaic which will satisfy the evidence in all of the areas of Eastern United States has contributed to the problem of identifying Archaic materials in the Lower Valley, the lack of these remains can best be explained by the geology of the region. The cutting and filling of the Alluvial Valley during the Pleistocene changes in sea level have removed or buried all of the surfaces that might have been occupied by Archaic peoples. The surface of the Alluvial Valley is everywhere less than 5000 years old. Possible Late Archaic sites are located on old stable beach ridges or near enough to the Pleistocene terraces not to have been included in the general pattern of Recent coastal subsidence. It is concluded that Archaic or earlier materials are absent in the Lower Alluvial Valley of the Mississippi River. Neither Tchefuncte nor Copell are accepted as Archaic; Poverty Point is viewed as transitional from an Upper Archaic tradition to some phase of the Formative stage. Poverty Point materials may not be expected to be found in quantity along the Gulf Coast of the Mississippi Delta region.
The Bahia-Goa Route in the Dispersal of Brazilian Plants to Asia
Authors: Haggett Peter 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlthough the Portuguese route from Lisbon to Goa via Bahia and Cape of Good Hope was the first direct route from South America to Southeast Asia, it was so little used that it was unimportant in the introduction of American plants into Asia. It is more likely that American plants brought first to Portugal were carried directly from there to Asia.
Archaeology and the Public Image
Authors: Ascher Robert 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe archaeological content of ten years of Life magazine is analyzed in an attempt to identify what may go into formulating the public's images of the archaeologist and his goals. The four themes which appear in the 34 Life articles are: chance nature of archaeological discovery, role of the archaeologist as an expert, emphasis on technical knowledge and skills, and heavy use of superlatives. Analysis of other mass media, including fiction and cartoons, might lead to the identification of other themes. The image of archaeology presented by mass communication is considered important in a science so dependent upon public cooperation.
Thorne Cave, Northeastern Utah: Archaeology
Authors: Day Kent C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThorne Cave is a site in Cliff Creek Canyon, north-eastern Utah. Between 5000 and 2000 B.C. alluvial fill in the canyon reached the level of Thorne Cave and formed its floor. At this time, and intermittently for perhaps the next 200 years, peoples with a Desert Archaic cultural tradition camped on a dune near the cave mouth while the canyon and the cave continued to fill. Stratified camp debris was washed into the cave, and alluvium accumulated well above the cave brow, leaving a dead space in the dome area of the cave roof. Dissection of canyon alluvium later re-exposed Thorne Cave and washed away much of the evidence of human occupation. Radiocarbon-dated charcoal indicates that the site was occupied as early as 4230±250 years B.P. Materials recovered from Thorne Cave include redeposited charcoal and food-bone scrap; projectile points, small choppers and scrapers, manos, and grinding slabs; bone awls, needles, a pendant, a flaking tool, and a scapula seed-header; and impressions of twined basketry.
The Concept of Trait Constellations as Illustrated in Eastern North American Ceramics
Authors: Kehoe Alice B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSelected key traits are discussed as illustrations of the ceramic constellations of the Woodland and Mississippi traditions. Surface texturing is shown to be the dominant Woodland ceramic trait and an interest in vessel form, the dominant Mississippi trait. It is pointed out that the constellations outlined as characteristic of the two North American traditions can be observed in the early ceramic complexes of the Mediterranean region as early as the sixth millennium B.C.
The Microlithic Character of Neolithic Cultures in Central Asia, Trans-Baikal, and Manchuria
Authors: Larichev V. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractComparative study of both pottery and stone implements indicates that Mongolia, Manchuria, and eastern Siberia constitute a Siberian-Mongolian culture area of great antiquity. During the Neolithic this area was characterized by a small-tool tradition distinct from the microlithic tradition of the west, and unlike the tool-making developments of the Yang-shao and Lung-shan farmers to the south. The so-called “microlithic” character of the Siberian Neolithic is not demonstrated by archaeological collections from the area, and is demonstrated to be the historic result of early terminological confusions that have been perpetuated in the literature. A. A. Formozov's claims for a Eurasian steppe culture characterized by a microlithic tradition distinct from both the southern farmers and the forest culture of the taiga are rejected.
Geology of the Ruby Site Area, Wyoming 48 CA 302
Authors: Albanese John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuaternary sediments in the Ruby site area are of post-altithermal age. Two past alternating cycles of deposition and erosion are evident. The oldest depositional unit contains an archaeological site which yielded a radiocarbon date of A.D. 280 ± 135 years. This older formation was deposited in post-Kaycee-pre-Lightning time. A stratigraphic unit of this age has not been previously reported in the Powder River Basin and is herein named the South Butte formation. The youngest depositional unit in the area is the Lightning formation. Erosion and downcutting began about 1900 and has continued to the present.
A Sandia Type II Point from Geauga County, Ohio
Authors: Norick Frank A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA chert point, found about 1910 on a farm near Parkman, Geauga County, Ohio, was discovered in an archaeological collection recently donated to the Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. The point exhibits all the features of the classic Sandias from New Mexico, including the single shoulder, stem and basal grinding, and basal thinning.
On the Improper Usage of Common Names When Giving Botanical Data
Authors: Mead George R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt is pointed out and stressed that, when dealing with botanical material, the investigator should be wary of listing the plant's name only in the local language or by the English common name. It is also stressed that one should not attempt to "translate" plants listed only by their common name into their appropriate scientific name without being aware of the dire consequences which may be produced.
U-Shaped “Ornaments” Identified as Finger-Loops from Atlatls
Authors: Ekholm Gordon F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractU-shaped objects of shell or stone that occur commonly in northern and western Mexico have usually been identified as nose or ear ornaments. It has been found, however, that shell objects of this type appear as lashed-on finger-loops on two Mexican atlatls preserved in European museums, and this serves to identify the whole class of objects. A brief survey of the distribution of such finger-loops is given.
Use of Organic Temper for Carbon 14 Dating in Lowland South America
Authors: Evans Clifford , Meggers Betty J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExperimental work has demonstrated the practicality of extracting sufficient organic carbon for Carbon 14 dating from sherds tempered with crushed charcoal sponge spicules (cauixi), and siliceous bark (cariapé). The sherds were from ceramic complexes on the Napo, Orinoco, and Amazon Rivers that had been stratigraphically excavated and could be cross-checked.
Columbia Plateau Prehistory: Cultural Development and Impinging Influences
Authors: Browman David L. , Munsell David A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExcavations of the last decade have yielded much data which cannot be adequately handled by extant models of Plateau cultural development. The 15,000 years of pre-history revealed by these new data appear to break into seven distinct periods. For each cultural period we present a synthesis of elements, including varying trait-unit intrusions from both the Great Basin and the Canadian Plateau. Included in this examination are such important new factors as a pre-Old Cordilleran stemmed point tradition and a microblade tradition some 5,000 years in duration. Reanalysis also suggests that the "emergence" of Columbia Plateau culture (as ethnographically known) can be placed at about the time of Christ, instead of about A.D. 1200-1300 as previously hypothesized.
Electronic Data Processing for Radiocarbon Dates
Authors: Taylor R. E. , Berger Rainer , Dimsdale B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe need for a more flexible index for radiocarbon dates with shorter retrieval times has led to a suggestion for the development of an electronic or punch-card data retrieval system. A suggested format for coding radiocarbon data on punch cards and two techniques for the rapid retrieval of desired information are discussed.
Ceramic Phases for Chiriqui, Panama, and Their Relationship to Neighboring Sequences
Authors: de Sapir Olga Linares 
Published: April 2006

AbstractExcavations in four sites on the central part of the Gulf of Chiriqui, in Panama, have yielded a series of ceramic types and ceramic modes which serve to establish a sequence of phases covering the period between A.D. 300 and the “Classic” Chiriqui culture. An attempt is made in this article to relate this sequence to previous occupations in Chiriqui and to other sequences in the Central Panamanian provinces and in Costa Rica.