bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Obesity on Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcomes after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Weng Jenpin P. , Vincent Kevin R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: This study examined whether obesity affected inpatient rehabilitation outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA).Research Methods and Procedures: This was a retrospective, comparative study conducted using a computerized medical database derived from THA patients at a university‐affiliated rehabilitation hospital (data from 2002 to 2005). Patients were divided into four brackets based on BMI: non‐obese (<25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m2), moderate obesity (30 to 39.9 kg/m2), and severe obesity (≥40 kg/m2). All patients completed an interdisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program after THA. Functional independence measure (FIM) scores, length of stay (LOS), FIM efficiency scores (FIM/LOS), hospital charges, and discharge disposition location were collected.Results: FIM scores improved from admission to discharge similarly in all groups (25 to 29.5 points). However, FIM efficiency, LOS, and total charges were curvilinearly related with BMI (all p < 0.05). Total hospital charges were highest in the severely obese group compared with the overweight group (p < 0.05). Non‐homebound discharge disposition rates were lower in non‐obese (13.1%) and severely obese groups (10.5%).Discussion: Elevated BMI does not prevent FIM gains in THA patients during inpatient rehabilitation. However, BMI is related with FIM efficiency, LOS, and hospital charges in a curvilinear fashion. Severely obese patients can achieve physical improvements but at a lower efficiency and greater cost.
Associations Between the Home Food Environment and Obesity‐promoting Eating Behaviors in Adolescence
Authors: Campbell Karen J. , Crawford David A. , Salmon Jo , Carver Alison , Garnett Sarah P. , Baur Louise A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: This study examines relationships between multiple aspects of the home food environment and obesity‐promoting characteristics of 12‐ to 13‐year‐old adolescents' diets, specifically frequency of consumption of high‐energy fluids, sweet snacks, savory snacks, and take‐out foods.Research Methods: This was a cross‐sectional study including 347 adolescents 12 to 13 years of age and their parents. Data were collected via self‐completed surveys. The adolescents' diets were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire derived from existing age‐appropriate National Nutrition Survey data. An extensive range of domains within the home food environment were assessed. Bivariate linear regression analyses were run split by gender. Forced entry multiple linear regression analyses (adjusting for all variables significant in bivariate analyses as well as for maternal education) were also performed, stratified by the sex of the child.Results: The influence of mothers, either as models for eating behaviors or as the providers of food, was pervasive. Mothers' intake of high‐energy fluids (p = 0.003), sweet snacks (p = 0.010), savory snacks (p = 0.008), and take‐out food (p = 0.007) was positively associated with boys' intake of all these foods. In addition, mothers' intake of high‐energy fluids was positively associated with daughters' consumption of these drinks (p = 0.025). Furthermore, availability of unhealthy foods at home was positively associated with girls' sweet snack (p = 0.001), girls' savory snack (p < 0.001), boys' savory snack (p = 0.002), and, in the bivariate analyses, girls' high‐energy fluid consumption (p = 0.002).Discussion: This study of home food environment influences on adolescent diet highlights the pervasive influence of mothers in determining adolescents' obesity‐promoting eating, providing direction for obesity prevention strategies and future research.
Effect of Marked Weight Loss on Adiponectin Gene Expression and Plasma Concentrations
Authors: Coughlin Carrie C. , Finck Brian N. , Eagon J. Christopher , Halpin Valerie J. , Magkos Faidon , Mohammed B. Selma , Klein Samuel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Adiponectin is the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue and is inversely associated with adiposity and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that marked weight loss, induced by gastric bypass surgery (GBS), would increase adiponectin gene expression in both upper and lower subcutaneous body fat and increase plasma adiponectin concentration.Research Methods and Procedures: Adiponectin subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissue gene expression, determined by using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, and adiponectin plasma concentrations, determined by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, were evaluated in six extremely obese women (BMI = 57.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2) before and 1 year after GBS.Results: After GBS, subjects lost 36 ± 5% of their initial body weight and showed increased insulin sensitivity, manifested by a marked decrease in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance from 10.7 ± 4.1 to 1.4 ± 0.3 (p < 0.05). Adiponectin gene expression increased 8‐ to 15‐fold in subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissues (p < 0.05). Plasma adiponectin concentrations increased from 5.2 ± 0.9 to 8.4 ± 1.2 μg/mL (p < 0.05).Discussion: These data show that marked weight loss induced by GBS increases adiponectin gene expression in both upper‐ and lower‐body subcutaneous fat. The increase in adipose tissue adiponectin production resulted in an increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations, which likely contributed to the decrease in insulin resistance observed after weight loss.
Chronic Tachygastrial Electrical Stimulation Reduces Food Intake in Dogs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Xiaohong , Chen Jiande D.Z. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Tachygastria is known to be associated with gastric hypomotility. This study investigated the effect of tachygastrial electrical stimulation (TES) on food intake and its effects on gastric motility.Research Methods and Procedures: Five experiments were performed to study the effects of TES on gastric slow waves, gastric tone, accommodation, and antral contractions, gastric emptying, acute food intake, and chronic food intake in dogs.Results: TES at tachygastrial frequencies induced tachygastria and reduced normal slow waves. TES significantly reduced gastric tone or induced gastric distention, impaired gastric accommodation, and inhibited antral contractions. TES significantly delayed gastric emptying. Acute TES reduced food intake but did not induce any noticeable symptoms. Chronic TES resulted in a 20% reduction in food intake, and the effect of TES was found to be related to specific parameters.Discussion: TES at the distal antrum results in a significant reduction in food intake in dogs, and this inhibitory effect is probably attributed to TES‐induced reduction in proximal gastric tone, gastric accommodation, antral contractility, and gastric emptying. These data suggest a therapeutic potential of the specific method of TES for obesity.
DXA Measurements Confirm that Parental Perceptions of Elevated Adiposity in Young Children are Poor
Authors: Miller Jody C. , Grant Andrea M. , Drummond Bernadette F. , Williams Sheila M. , Taylor Rachael W. , Goulding Ailsa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To compare parental assessments of child body weight status with BMI measurements and determine whether children who are incorrectly classified differ in body composition from those whose parents correctly rate child weight. Also to ascertain whether children of obese parents differ from those of non‐obese parents in actual or perceived body weight.Research Methods and Procedures: Weights, heights, BMI, and waist girths of New Zealand children ages 3 to 8 years were determined. Fat mass, fat percentage, and lean mass were measured by DXA (n = 96). Parents classified child weight status as underweight, normal‐weight, slightly overweight, or overweight. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 percentiles of BMI were used.Results: Parents underestimated child weight status. Despite having 83% more fat mass than children with BMI values below the 85th percentile, only 7 of 31 children with BMI values at or above the 85th percentile were rated as slightly overweight or overweight. In the whole sample, participants whose weight status was underestimated by parents (40 of the 96 children) had l9% less fat mass but similar lean mass as children whose weight status was correctly classified. However, children of obese and non‐obese parents did not differ in body composition or anthropometry, and obese parents did not underestimate child weight more than non‐obese parents.Discussion: Because parents underestimate child weight, but BMI values at or above the 85th percentile identify high body fat well, advising parents of the BMI status of their children should improve strategies to prevent excessive fat gain in young children.
Race and Gender Differences in the Association of Dieting and Gains in BMI among Young Adults
Authors: Field Alison E. , Aneja Parul , Austin S. Bryn , Shrier Lydia A. , De Moor Carl , Gordon‐Larsen Penny 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess the relationship between dieting and subsequent weight change and whether the association varies by gender or race/ethnicity.Research Methods and Procedures: Male (n = 4100) and female (n = 4302) participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who provided information on weight and height at baseline and two follow‐up assessments and were not missing information on weight control strategies or race were studied. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess whether dieting to lose or maintain weight at Wave I or II predicted BMI (kg/m2) change between adolescence and young adulthood (Wave II to III). Analyses were stratified by gender and took sampling weights and clustering into account.Results: At Wave I, the mean age of the participants was 14.9 years. Approximately 29.3% of female participants and 9.8% of male participants reported dieting in Wave I or II. Fewer African Americans than whites (6.2% vs. 10.0% and 25.5% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.007 and p = 0.02, among males and females, respectively) reported dieting. Between Waves II and III, participants gained on average 3.3 kg/m2. Independent of BMI gain during adolescence (Waves I to II), female participants who dieted to lose or maintain weight during adolescence made larger gains in BMI during the 5 years between Waves II and III (mean additional gain, 0.39 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.71) than their nondieting peers. The association was not significant among the male participants. The association was largest among African‐American female participants.Discussion: The results suggest that not only is dieting to lose weight ineffective, it is actually associated with greater weight gain, particularly among female adolescents. Female African‐American dieters made the largest BMI gains.
Ethnic Differences in Lifestyle and Overweight in The Netherlands
Authors: Cornelisse‐Vermaat Judith R. , van den Brink Henriëtte Maassen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To study the effects of lifestyle variables and socioeconomic status on overweight among native Dutch and immigrants in The Netherlands.Research Methods and Procedures: Data were used from a survey sample (N = 2551) of native Dutch and immigrant respondents (Surinamese/Antilleans, Turks, and Moroccans). BMI was calculated using self‐reported weight and height. Lifestyle variables such as modern food habits (take‐out food and eating out) and participating in sports were included, as well as socioeconomic and demographic background variables. Bivariate and ordinary least squares analyses were performed to study BMI and the determinants of overweight among the different groups.Results: All immigrant groups had a higher prevalence of overweight than the Dutch, except Moroccans. Men were overweight more frequently than women. Take‐out food, eating out, and fresh vegetables were related to a decrease in BMI, whereas convenience foods were related to an increase in BMI. For ready‐to‐eat meals, the results were mixed. In all groups, age was associated with a higher BMI, and a higher level of education was associated with a lower BMI. Immigrants participated in sports less frequently than native Dutch people.Discussion: One percent to 5% of the total public health costs can be attributed to costs for overweight‐related diseases. Public health policies should aim at stimulating healthy lifestyles and discouraging bad food habits through higher taxes on high‐calorie foods. In particular, Dutch immigrants should be encouraged to lose weight, because they have a higher risk for overweight‐related diseases.
Circadian Expression of Genes Regulating Food Intake
Authors: Stütz Adrian M. , Staszkiewicz Jaroslaw , Ptitsyn Andrey , Argyropoulos George 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The Agouti‐related protein (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART), Orexin, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), leptin, and its hypothalamic receptor (LR) are key regulators of food intake and energy homeostasis. In the present study, we examined the circadian expression profiles of these genes.Research Methods and Procedures: We used quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) to measure mRNA levels, spectral analysis to evaluate periodicity, and correlation analysis to examine for associations with diurnal food intake.Results: No gene in particular stood out as a strong candidate, but the overall circadian expression profiles of leptin and its hypothalamic receptor came close to statistically and graphically resembling the diurnal feeding behavior of mice. In mathematical terms, adrenal AgRP exhibited strong circadian expression and had the highest correlation with food intake, followed by leptin. Yet its highest point of expression occurred 8 hours after nocturnal food intake had peaked, suggesting that adrenal AgRP could not play a direct role in the initiation of nocturnal feeding; neither did hypothalamic AgRP, NPY, POMC, CART, Orexin, or MCH.Discussion: These data show that ad libitum feeding in mice is influenced by complex central and peripheral circuits involving orexigenic and anorectic agents of which leptin and its hypothalamic receptor could play more prevalent roles.
Regulation and Function of Collagenous Repeat Containing Sequence of 26‐kDa Protein Gene Product “Cartonectin”
Authors: Schäffler Andréas , Weigert Johanna , Neumeier Markus , Schölmerich Juergen , Buechler Christa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Collagenous repeat containing sequence of 26‐kDa protein (CORS‐26) was identified as a new gene transcript expressed in cartilage with unknown function. It was the aim of this study to investigate expression, regulation, and function of CORS‐26 in adipocytes.Research Methods and Procedures: CORS‐26 mRNA and protein expression was studied by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Transcriptional regulation was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter gene assay. The adipocytic secretion of adiponectin and resistin was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: CORS‐26 mRNA is absent in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes after 48 hours of differentiation. CORS‐26 mRNA was induced from Day 4 to Day 9 of adipocyte differentiation. CORS‐26 protein was induced in mature adipocytes. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ (but not PPARα) in nuclear extracts prepared from adipocytes was shown to bind specifically to a putative peroxisome proliferator response element‐one‐half‐site located at −641/−596 bp. Increasing doses of the ligands troglitazone (1, 10, 20 μM) and fenofibrate (50, 100, 200 μM) but not 15‐deoxy‐prostaglandin (J2) (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 μM) resulted in a significant reduction of both promoter activity and the amount of mRNA expression. Recombinant CORS‐26 significantly stimulated the adipocytic secretion of adiponectin and resistin in a dose‐dependent manner.Discussion: The mRNA and protein expression profile puts CORS‐26 in the adipocytokine family. Cartonectin is negatively regulated by exogenous, but not endogenous, PPARγ ligands. Because CORS‐26 up‐regulates adipokine secretion, it might be involved in metabolic and immunologic pathways.
Effects of Two Weeks’ Mandatory Snack Consumption on Energy Intake and Energy Balance
Authors: Whybrow Stephen , Mayer Claus , Kirk Terry R. , Mazlan Nik , Stubbs R. James 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Our goal was to compare the effects of mandatory consumption of commercial snack products (CSPs) on energy intakes and energy balance in free‐living adults and to assess the interaction between habitual level of CSP consumption and the interventions.Research Methods and Procedures: Four groups of 18 subjects (lean and overweight, males and females) were studied using a crossover design. Subjects consumed one type of CSP (high‐carbohydrate, high‐fat, or mixed composition) at three manipulations of energy 0 MJ (control), 1.5 MJ (low‐energy), and 3.0 MJ (high‐energy) each day during three 14‐day interventions. The study design was parallel for type of CSP (macronutrient composition) and within‐subjects for energy level. Subjects self‐recorded food intakes between Days 8 and 14, and body weights were investigator‐recorded on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each intervention period. Daily energy expenditure was estimated by heart rate monitoring.Results: Daily energy intakes increased from 10.4 MJ (control) to 11.1 MJ (low‐energy) and 11.5 MJ (high‐energy) (p < 0.001), resulting in a trend (not significant) for body weight gain. Energy balance was more positive when subjects were not recording their food intakes than when they were (p < 0.001). There was a trend (not significant) for greater increases in energy intake with increasing fat content, and energy density, of the interventions. Frequent CSP consumers compensated more for the interventions than did infrequent CSP consumers (R2 = 0.125, p = 0.003).Discussion: Subjects partially compensated for energy when supplemented with CSPs over 14‐day periods, although this was insufficient to prevent some increase in energy balance. The level of compensation correlated with habitual energy intake from CSPs.
Adipocyte Enhancer‐Binding Protein 1 Modulates Adiposity and Energy Homeostasis
Authors: Ro Hyo‐Sung , Zhang Lei , Majdalawieh Amin , Kim Sung‐Woo , Wu Xue , Lyons Peter J. , Webber Chris , Ma Hong , Reidy Shannon P. , Boudreau Aaron , Miller Jessica R. , Mitchell Patricia , McLeod Roger S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether adipocyte enhancer binding protein (AEBP) 1, a transcriptional repressor that is down‐regulated during adipogenesis, functions as a critical regulator of adipose tissue homeostasis through modulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) tumor suppressor activity and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation.Research Methods and Procedures: We examined whether AEBP1 physically interacts with PTEN in 3T3‐L1 cells by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. We generated AEBP1‐null mice and examined the physiological role of AEBP1 as a key modulator of in vivo adiposity. Using adipose tissue from wild‐type and AEBP1‐null animals, we examined whether AEBP1 affects PTEN protein level.Results: AEBP1 interacts with PTEN, and deficiency of AEBP1 increases adipose tissue PTEN mass. AEBP1‐null mice have reduced adipose tissue mass and enhanced apoptosis with suppressed survival signal. Primary pre‐adipocytes from AEBP1‐null adipose tissues exhibit lower basal MAPK activity with defective proliferative potential. AEBP1‐null mice are also resistant to diet‐induced obesity, suggesting a regulatory role for AEBP1 in energy homeostasis.Discussion: Our results suggest that AEBP1 negatively regulates adipose tissue PTEN levels, in conjunction with its role in proliferation and differentiation of pre‐adipocytes, as a key functional role in modulation of in vivo adiposity.
Relative Weight and Sickness Absence
Authors: Laaksonen Mikko , Piha Kustaa , Sarlio‐Lähteenkorva Sirpa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives:To examine whether high relative weight increases the risk of future sickness absence and to what extent any differences in short and long absence periods can be explained by specific obesity‐related disorders, general health, and working conditions.Research Methods and Procedures:The study included 5386 female and 1452 male employees of the city of Helsinki surveyed in 2000 to 2002. Survey data were linked to sickness absence records until the end of 2004 (mean follow‐up time 2.9 years).Results:Women and men with higher relative weight had clearly more short (1 to 3 days) and long (>3 days) periods of sickness absence during follow‐up. The associations were rather monotonic and stronger for long periods. In women, adjusting for arthrosis and gout decreased the excess risk of long periods among those who were obese. In men, arthrosis, gout, and metabolic disease explained some of the excess risk for both short and long periods among the obese. Adjusting for physical functioning and self‐rated health decreased the excess risk for short and long periods of sickness absence among obese women and men. Working conditions had almost no effect on the association between BMI and short or long periods of sickness absence.Discussion:Obesity increases the risk of having short and long periods of sickness absence. This finding can be partly explained by measures of general health and specific obesity‐related disorders. Healthy weight maintenance is a crucial issue in promoting occupational functioning and minimizing the costs associated with sickness absence.
The Association Between an Objective Measure of Physical Activity and Weight Status in Preschoolers
Authors: Metallinos‐Katsaras Elizabeth. S. , Freedson Patty S. , Fulton Janet E. , Sherry Bettylou 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Our objective was to determine the association between physical activity and BMI among racially diverse low‐income preschoolers.Research Methods and Procedures: This was a cross‐sectional study of 2‐ to 5‐year‐olds (n = 56) enrolled in Massachusetts Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants & Children (WIC). Physical activity was measured for 7 consecutive days with an accelerometer. Height and weight were obtained from WIC records, and BMI‐for‐age percentiles were calculated based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 2000 Growth Charts. At‐risk‐for‐overweight (BMI‐for‐age of ≥85th to <95th percentile) and overweight (BMI‐for‐age ≥95th percentile) groups were combined and referred to as overweight. Final analysis inclusion criteria were: completion of 4.5 days of activity assessment and anthropometric data obtained within 90 and 120 days of the activity assessment for children ages 24 to 35.99 and 36 to 59.99 months, respectively.Results: Overweight children had significantly lower mean daily very vigorous minutes (VVM) (2.6 mins vs. 4.6 mins, p < 0.05) and lower very active minutes (VAM) [i.e., sum of vigorous minutes (VM) and VVM] per day (22.9 mins vs. 32.1 mins, p < 0.05) than children who were not overweight. Daily VVM [odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49 to 0.96], VM (OR = 0.94; CI, 0.88 to 1.00), and VAM (OR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.00) were all associated with significantly lower odds of being overweight.Discussion: This study suggests that, in a diverse group of preschoolers, vigorous and very vigorous activity are associated with lower odds of overweight. However, these findings require corroboration in a diverse sample of preschoolers using a longitudinal design.