bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Tissue Distribution of Radioactivity Following the Injection of Varying Levels of Fatty Acid Labeled Chylomicrons in the Rat
Authors: Belfrage Per , Borgström Bengt , Olivecrona Thomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBelfrage, P., B. Borgström and T. Olivecrona. The tissue distribution of radioactivity following the injection of varying levels of fatty acid labeled chylomicrons in the rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 111–123. — H3‐palmitic acid labeled chylomicrons in doses of 4–124 mg lipid were injected intravenously into rigorously carbohydrate‐fed rats. The radioactivities in blood, liver, adipose tissue, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and muscles were studied. For doses of 4 to 33 mg lipid the disappearance of label from the blood followed an exponential rate which was similar for these doses and corresponded to half‐lives of 2.2 to 3.5 minutes. The maximal radioactivities found in the liver were also similar for these doses and ranged from 40 to 51% of the injected radioactivity. For doses of 64 and 124 mg lipid the disappearance curve was more complex and the label disappeared more slowly from the blood. The maximal radioactivity found in the liver was also decreased. It is concluded that at these doses the system was overloaded. The spleen and the lungs took up significant amounts of chylomicron fatty acids as evidenced by initial peaks in the radioactivity curves for these tissues. The kidneys, the heart, and the muscles showed a slower rise of radioactivity and presumably took up mainly recirculated fatty acids. The adipose tissue also seemed to take up mainly recirculated fatty acids.
The Role of the Cardiovascular Response in the Resistance to Asphyxia of Avian Divers
Authors: Hollenberg N. K. , Uvnäs B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHollenberg, N. K. and B. Uvnäs. The role of the cardiovascular response in the resistance to asphyxia of avian divers. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 150–161. — Submersion asphyxia in unanaesthetized ducks produced a characteristic circulatory response consisting of a pronounced bradycardia, increased blood pressure, decreased splanchnic and skin blood flow and little change in skeletal muscle blood flow. The circulatory responses to asphyxia were completely abolished by denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors and baroceptors. Continuous measurement of arterial oxygen saturation showed a biphasic fall during asphyxia, decreasing very rapidly during the first 40 sec, and then falling much less rapidly at the time splanchnic and skin blood flow reached a minimum. It was concluded that the marked ability of divers to withstand asphyxia is related to their circulatory response. The net result of the circulatory response is to decrease the oxygen supply to areas that can easily withstand an oxygen deficit for a limited period, conserving the available oxygen stores for tissues more sensitive to a lack of oxygen. Evidence is presented which suggests that the above described response is due to chemoreceptor stimulation.
Studies on SO2, NO2 and NH3: Effect on Ciliary Activity in Rabbit Trachea of Single in Vitro Exposure and Resorption in Rabbit Nasal Cavity
Authors: Dalhamn Tore , Sjöholm Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDalhamn, T. and J. Sjöholm. Studies on SO2, NO2 and NH3: effect on ciliary activity in rabbit trachea of single in vitro exposure and resorption in rabbit nasal cavity. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 287—291. — One of the factors which determine the toxicity of pulmonary irritant gases, etc., presumably is their action on the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract. The degree to which such gases are resorbed in the mucous layer of the respiratory passages must also be taken into ac‐count when hygienic limits and allied questions are discussed. The present paper illustrates these two factors, viz., ciliostatic action and resorption, by experiments with three common respiratory irritant gases — sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ammonia. As regards concentration required to arrest tracheal ciliary activity in vitro, the three gases varied considerably. The degree of resorption in the upper respiratory tract also showed wide variations. It seems probable that a gas which even in low concentration rapidly impairs ciliary activity and which is resorbed to a relatively slight degree can penetrate deeper into the bronchial tree and thus, on the stated assumptions, be more toxic than gases with the reverse characteristics.
Studies on the Reactions of the Cutaneous Vessels to Cold Exposure
Authors: Folkow B. , Fox R. H. , Krog J. , Odelram H. , Thorén O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFolkow, B., R. H. Fox, J. Krog, H. Odelram and O. Thorés. Studies on the reactions of the cutaneous vessels to cold exposure. Acta physiol. stand. 1963. 58. 342—354. — Some inter‐relationships between the mechanisms responsible for the vascular responses to intense cooling have been studied in cats and in man. The results suggest that both the initial intense blood flow decrease and the subsequent cold vasodilatation are complex in nature, each appearing to depend on a number of quite different mechanisms which are briefly discussed. There are good reasons to assume that the relative importance of each of the mechanisms involved may vary considerably depending on the circumstances, and that under certain conditions one or more may even be eliminated without changing the trend of the net response.
Smooth Muscle Phosphorylase and Enzymes Affecting its Activity
Authors: Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe activity, per mg protein, of purified phosphorylaseaprepared from smooth muscle (bovine tracheal muscle) was found to be approximately one half that of the corresponding purified enzyme from striated muscle. Under the action of phosphorylase phos‐phatase (PR enzyme) from tracheal or skeletal muscle, phosphorylaseawas converted to phosphorylasebcoincidently with liberation of inorganic phosphate. A higher concentration of AMP was required for activation of smooth muscle phosphorylasebthan for activation of striated muscle phosphorylaseb. Partially purified phosphory‐lase phosphatase from bovine tracheal muscle had, per mg protein, approximately one‐fourth the activity of the corresponding enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle. In the presence of ATP and magnesium ions phosphorylaseawas synthetized from phosphorylasebby phosphorylasebkinase prepared from tracheal or skeletal musclr. Inactivc phosphorylasebkinase was activated by adenosine‐3′–5′‐phosphate, by calcium ions, and by increasing the pH of the incubation solution to 8.4.
Chemical and Histochemical Evaluation of the Distribution of Catecholamines in the Rabbit and Guinea Pig Hearts
Authors: Angelakos E. T. , Fuxe K. , Torchiana M. L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemical determinations of nor adrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), and dopamine (DA) were made in the right and left atria and ventricles (RA, LA RV. LV) of rabbit and guinea pig hearts. The concentration of these amines was also studied in the sino‐auricular (SA) node of the rabbit. Some of these tissues were also examined for the distribution of catecholamines using a histochemical fluorescence technique. NA was the predominant catecholamine present in atria and ventricles. It was more concentrated in the RA than LA and in the RV than in the LV of the rabbit and guinea pig. In the latter KA was distinctly higher in the atria than in the ventricles. By contrast A was more concentrated in ventricles than in atria of both species and accounted for about 5–10 per cent of the total catecholamine content. DA was found pre‐dominantely in the atria, more in RA than in LA. High concentrations of DA were found in the SA node region. Histochemical studies on rabbit tissues showed that the catecholamines were found within nerve structures. A high density of fluorescent fibers and fiber bundless was found in the SA node region. An excellent correlation between the histochemical and chemical findings was obtained when both NA and DA were considered.
Noradrenaline Storage in Skeletal Muscle1
Authors: Sedvall Göran 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNoradrenaline levels in skeletal muscle extracts purified by cation exchange chromatography were analyzed fluorimetrically by the THI procedure. The average amount of nor‐adrenaline found in muscles from different species varied between 0.031 and 0.119μg/g. Adrenaline was found only in minute amounts, never constituting more than 11% of the sum of noradrenaline and adrenaline. In the cat, a constant relation was found between the noradrenaline values in different muscles. Preganglionic sympathetic denervation caused a slight increase in muscle noradrenaline during the first days. Noradrenaline levels in the muscles tended to rise during the first two days after postganglionic sympathetic denervation, only to decline abruptly after about 48 hours. Forteen days after postganglionic denervation the muscles were practically devoid of noradrenaline, indicating that skeletal muscle noradrenaline is stored almost exclusively in postganglionic sympathetic nerves.
Gastric Acid Secretory Responses to Gastrin and Histamine in Dogs Before and After Vagal Denervation of the Gastric Pouch
Authors: Andersson Sven , Olbe Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVagal denervation of the HCl glands by transforming Pavlov pouches into Heidenhain pouches markedly reduced the submaximal acid secretory response to exogenous gastrin in four fasting dogs but reduced the submaximal acid secretory response to histamine in only one of four dogs, three dogs being common to the gastrin and histamine studies. The results suggest that a continuous vagal discharge on the HCl glands is necessary to maintain the sensitivity of the glands to gastrin. An interpretation is presented for the different effects of vagal denervation on the sensitivity of the HCl glands to gastrin and histamine.
Gastric Acid Secretion in Sympathectomized Gastric Fistula Gats before and during Reserpine Treatment and in Gastric Fistula Gats during Guanethidine Treatment1
Authors: Emås Sverre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDaily intramuscular injections of reserpine for 3 days or more elevate basal gastric secretion of acid and increase the acid secretory responses of nonanesthetized gastric fistula cats to intravenous histamine and gastrin. The possibility that the gastric hypersecretion of the reserpine treated cats might be due to the reduction or loss of adrenergic nerve influences on the stomach was investigated. Neither preganglionic nor pre‐and postganglionic sympathetic denervation of the stomach altered basal acid secretion. Nor did such denervations alter gastric secretory responses to histamine and gastrin except in one of three cats, in which the responses to histamine increased after pre‐and postganglionic denervation. Reserpine treatment produced hypersecretion to the same degree in sympathectomized as in ordinary gastric fistula cats. Daily subcutaneous injections of guanethidine produced no reserpine‐like effects on gastric acid secretion. The results indicate that the adrenergic nerves innervating the stomach normally exert no direct influences on basal acid secretion or on the excitability of the parietal cells to the secretory stimuli used and it was concluded that the hypersecretion of reserpine treated cats is not directly due to the reduced or abolished influences of the adrenergic nerves on the stomach.
Cellular Localization of Monoamines in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Carlsson Arvid , Falck Bengt , Fuxe Kjell , Hillarp Nils‐Åre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe cellular localization of monoamines in the spinal cord of the mouse and the rat has been studied with the use of a fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of certain cate‐cholamines and tryptamines in combination with a pharmacological approach and transection experiments. Strong evidence was obtained for the view that noradrenaline (NA) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) are localized in special systems of nerve tracts which from supraspinal centers descend in the lateral and anterior funiculi to terminate in the gray matter and which belong to monoaminergic neurons. The amines show a massive accumulation in the terminal part of the nerve fibres. This strongly indicates that both amines serve as synaptic transmitters in the spinal cord. Many nerve terminals containing NA or 5‐HT are present in the anterior horns. They are more scarce in the posterior horns. Terminals of both kinds are highly concentrated in the sympathetic lateral column where most—if not all—of the nerve cells are surrounded by them. They originate—at least mainly—from a tract descending in the dorsolateral funiculi. This localization of the descending fibres suggests that they arc identical with the inhibitory fibres going to the sympathetic column.
Serum and Urine Allantoin in Pregnancy and Lactation in the Rat
Authors: Morgan E. H. , Hanson A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAllantoin and uric acid were measured in the urine and serum of virgin rats and reproducing rats at various times during pregnancy and lactation, and in the serum and amniotic fluid of foetuses on the 21st day of pregnancy. Urinary allantoin excretion increased steadily during pregnancy and remained high during the first 20 days of lactation but thereafter declined. Serum allantoin concentrations were higher in pregnant and lactating rats than in virgin rats. Amniotic fluid allantoin concentrations were greater than those of foetal serum, which in turn exceeded the maternal serum values. Uric acid concentrations were lower in serum and much lower in urine than allantoin concentrations in all samples examined.
A Method for the Determination of the Total Carbon Dioxide Content of Frozen Tissues
Authors: Pontén U. , Siesjö B. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA method is described for the determination of the total acid‐labile carbon dioxide of a tissue after freezing the tissue in situ with liquid nitrogen. The method utilizes a single diffusion step with the absorption of liberated carbon dioxide into hydroxide and subsequent titrimetric determination of the amount of carbon dioxide. Experiments performed on rat brain tissue showed that the transfer of the frozen tissue from liquid nitrogen to the diffusion chambers must be performed in an atmosphere which is free from carbon dioxide and water vapour. Control experiments have shown that if these precautions are taken, the total acid‐labile carbon dioxide can be accurately determined. Determinations of the total carbon dioxide content have been performed on 380 brains with 3–4 single analyses on each brain. Statistical analysis on the entire material shows that the total carbon dioxide content of a brain sample can be determined with a standard error of 0.06 ümoles/g if the sample weight is kept in the region of 40 to 150 mg.
Studies on the Thrombolytic Activity of a Protease from Aspergillus Oryzae
Authors: Bergkvist Rolf , Svärd Per Olov 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe fungal protease was administered intravenously in repeated doses to cats. The effect on clotting time, fibrinogen level, fibrinolytic and activator activity, and serum inhibitor activity of each dose was determined. It is concluded that doses of the enzyme which do not overcome the natural inhibitor capacity of the animals have no untoward effects on these parameters. Over‐dosage has, however, fatal consequences. Using tolerable doses, evidence was obtained for in vivo lysis of experimental venous thrombi. The assumption is advanced that a reversible complex between the enzyme and one of the plasma inhibitors is responsible for the in vivo thrombolytic effect. When in contact with fibrin, the protease I is competitively removed from the complex finally resulting in a dissolution of the clot.
The Influence of Reserpine on the Intracellular Distribution of Noradrenaline in the Rat Heart
Authors: Johnson G. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRats, exposed to a cold stress or treated with a low dose of reserpine, were killed at various times and their hearts removed and homogenized in phosphate buffer. Subsequent centrifugation of the homogenate produced three fractions 1) a coarse fraction following low speed centrifugation 2) a particulate fraction and 3) a supernatant fraction obtained by high speed centrifugation of the first supernatant. These 3 fractions plus aliquots of the total homogenates were assayed for noradrenaline content. Following reserpine, 0.1 mg/kg, a preferential fall in the noradrenaline concentration in the supernatant fraction occurred after 1 hour, without any fall in the noradrenaline content of the particulate fraction. Two hours after reserpine the total noradrenaline content was reduced to about one‐half, with the same relative proportion of amines in the particulate fraction and in the supernatant as after 1 hour. Cold stress, inducing a strong increase in noradrenaline release, failed to alter either the total noradrenaline content of the hearts or the intracellular distribution of this cate‐cholamine. It is suggested that the amine fall in the supernatant fraction after reserpine results from an impairment in the release of noradrenaline from the particulate fraction.
Regional Distribution of Circulating Blood During Submersion Asphyxia in the Duck
Authors: Johansen Kjell 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRegional blood flow distribution in ducks was estimated from fractional distribution of Rb86CI. A comparison was made between normally breathing ducks and submerged ducks. The data document that conspicuous changes in regional blood flow take place upon submersion. The skin, skeletal muscle, and organs of the gastrointestinal system showed a marked decrease in activity in the submerged condition down to an average of 3.9 % for the gizzard, 29.4 % for skin excised from the thorax and 11.0 % for gastrocnemius muscle. Surprising exceptions to this were displayed by tissues in the cranial part of the animals. Thus both skin and muscle from the head region showed an increase in activity during submersion. The same was true for the excised eye. The esophagus similarly showed an increased activity in the submerged animals. The myocardium from both atria and ventricles showed a striking increase amounting to 4.1 times higher activity in the left ventricular myocardium in the submerged animals. The change in vasomotor constrictor tone taking place upon submersion is thus highly selective and possibly segmentally oriented giving an increase in peripheral resistance to most organs posterior to the heart while the most cranial tissues seem to be subjected to a general decrease in vasoconstrictor tone with an increased blood flow. Activity in the kidneys was markedly consistent and 9.1 % of the value found in normally breathing animals. The adrenals showed an interesting increase in activity on the average as high as 4.9 times the value in normally breathing animals.
The Effect of Exercise on the Vascular Bed of Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Kjellmer Ingemar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA plethysmographic method is described which has been used for continuous recording of volumetric changes in the isolated calf muscles of cats. Venous outflow, arterial and venous pressures were measured simultaneously. Steady state exercise was mimicked by stimulation of the motor nerve. Changes occurring in the resistance vessels, in the capacitance vessels and in the capillary filtration coefficients were recorded. Exercise provoked a dilatation of the resistance vessels, an increase of the capillary filtration coefficient (dilatation of the precapillary sphincters) and a distension of the capacitance vessels. The degree of dilatation in all three vessel sections was related to the severity of exercise. It was shown that the increase in regional blood volume (dilatation of the capacitance vessels) is caused mainly by an increased pressure head reaching the capacitance vessels and not by an active venous dilatation. During exercise there was a net outward capillary filtration due to an elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure and augmented by an increased capillary surface area available to blood flow. The elevation of capillary pressure was caused by a dilatation, which affected the precapillary resistance vessels relatively more than the postcapillary.
Acute Effects of Prolonged, Heavy Exercise on the Concentration of Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins in Man
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Mossfeldt Folke 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids in plasma and in ultracentrifugally separated plasma lipoproteins was studied in normal persons during participation in 1962 and 1963 in a yearly skiracing. The skiing time was around 8–9 hours. In the group studied in 1962 as well as in the 1963 group there was a significant fall in the concentration of triglycerides and phospholipids in plasma. When the 1962 group was studied during ordinary activities with identical caloric intake and at identical times as during the skiing no significant changes were found in the plasma lipids. The most pronounced decreases of the plasma lipids was in the triglyceride fraction and this decrease was directly and highly significantly correlated to the fasting triglyceride concentration. About three quarters of the decrease in triglyceride concentration was due to a decrease in the amount of triglycerides in the very low density lipoproteins. The triglyceride concentration in the low and the high density lipoprotein classes also decreased. The decrease of triglycerides was directly correlated to the fasting level in each lipoprotein class. No significant changes were observed in the cholesterol content of any of the lipoproteins. The phospholipid concentration, however, decreased in all three lipoprotein classes. The most pronounced decrease of phospholipids was found in the high density lipoproteins. Mechanism(s) for these changes in the concentration of the plasma lipids and lipoproteins during prolonged, heavy exercise were discussed.
The Effect of Adrenaline on the Hexosephosphate Content of Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Beviz Andras , Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn experiments on isolated vascular smooth muscle adrenaline at a concentration of 10–3caused a 2‐to 3‐fold increase in the content of glucose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐6‐phosphate, fructose‐1–6‐diphosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate during isometric contraction 7 min after addition of the drug. This action of adrenaline was manifest both under aerobic and under anaerobic conditions, and in the presence as well as in the absence of glucose. Fructose‐1–6‐diphosphate showed a relatively greater increase than fructose‐6‐phosphate. — Since in previous experiments on vascular muscle no glycogeno‐lytic effect of adrenaline had been detectable, the possibility that hexosephosphates was formed from some other carbohydrate metabolite is discussed.
The Time Course of the Disappearance of Noradrenaline and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in the Spinal Cord after Transection
Authors: Andén Nils‐Erik , Häggendal Jan , Magnusson Tor , Rosengren Evald 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe rabbit spinal cord was transected in the upper thoracic region. Below the lesion the noradrenaline disappeared almost completely between the third and seventh day after the operation. The 5‐hydroxytryptamine was depleted between the fifth and seventh day. The disappearance of these amines was much slower than that of the noradrenaline in the rabbit iris after excision of the superior cervical ganglion. There was no significant increase of the monoamine levels above the transection of the spinal cord.