bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could vision prognose cerebral palsy children’s development ?
Authors: TIGANITA S , KOZEIS N , KOKKINOU D , LAKE S , GEORGIADIS N 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the role of vision as a prognostic factor of the general developmental process in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: 80 CP children (age range 24‐96 months), participated in the study. Anamnestic data was collected, evaluation of Developmental Quotient (DQ), assessment of visual function (VFA‐K test), Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were performed in all. VFA‐K test assesses the visual function in a global way (sensory, oculomotor, eye body coordination). Results: 53 CP children (66.25%) appeared with affected visual function and reduced DQ. 75.55% of the CP children with moderate to severe PVL and 93.75% with combined brain damage, appeared with affected visual function. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between visual function, DQ and the severity of brain damage. (p<0,001) On the contrary, only 63.63% of the cases with affected visual function, appeared with abnormal flash VEPs. Conclusions: Since visual function shows a statistically significant relationship with the developmental quotient of these children, visual function could play a prognostic role in these children’s general development.
Surgical outcome following iris related intraoperative difficulties in patients on tamsulosin (Flomax) undergoing phacoemulsification
Authors: KANG CY , KHAN‐LIM D , UNG T , LOCKWOOD A , FARNWORTH D 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether iris related intraoperative difficulties during phacoemulsification in patients on tamsulosin (Flomax) affects surgical outcome. Methods: A retrospective case control study of consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification at Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK. Pre‐operative pupil size, iris and non‐iris related intraoperative complications, and post‐operative best corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA) were examined. Two‐tailed Fisher exact test was used. Results: Data from 9605 eyes of 6763 consecutive patients were analysed. 108 eyes were of male patients on tamsulosin (TG). The remaining 2862 eyes of male patients formed the control group (NT). The use of tamsulosin was 1.3% amongst all patients. ‘Small’ pre‐operative pupil size occurred with increased statistical significance in patients on tamsulosin (TG: 14.8%, NT: 2.5%, p<0.0001). Iris related intraoperative difficulties also occurred with increased frequency (TG: 36.1%, NT: 2.7%, p<0.0001), however vision‐threatening complications did not occur significantly in this group (TG: 2.8%, NT: 1.5% P = 0.22). At one month follow up, BCVA of 6/12 or better was achieved in 94% of cases on tamsulosin and 92% of controls. (P = 0.37) Conclusions: A higher prevalence of intraoperative iris‐related difficulties was found in patients taking tamsulosin. However, this was not associated with increased prevalence of vision threatening complications or adverse visual outcome post‐operatively
The pentadecapeptide BPC 157 antagonizes the effect of atropine effect in the rats` eyes
Authors: MASNEC‐PASKVALIN S , IVEKOVIC R , RADIC B , KLICEK R , BRCIC L , SEIWERTH S , SIKIRIC P , MANDIC Z 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of the pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on midriasis caused by atropine dropped into the rats` eyes. Methods: 24 male Wistar Albino rats were used. All the experiments were performed according to the rules brought by the Local Ethical Committee. The animals were randomly assigned into two groups. The first received the two drops of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (10μg/kg) and two drops of the atropine (2%). The other group received the two drops of atropine only. The animals were macroscopically assessed every hour. Results: The total midriasis developed during 30‐60 minutes after the application of atropine in both groups. The midriasis reduction started 7 hours after the atropine application in animals treated with the pentadecapeptide BPC 157. On the other hand the reduction of the midriasis in control animals started among 10‐13 hours following the atropine application. The pentadecapeptide BPC 157 continuously accelerated the reduction of the midriasis from hour to hour. The complete reduction to normal width of pupil was achieved 30 hours after the application of atropine in animals treated with the pentadecapeptide BPC 157, while in control animals the pupils width normalised 10 hours later. Conclusions: The pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has brought to earlier pupil width normalization after the single atropine application. It suggests the possibility of functional antagonism of the pentadecapeptide BPC 157 onto the atropine and its agonists.
Long term outcome of bleb needling revisions following mitomycin C trabeculectomy in Afro‐Caribbean eyes
Authors: WILLIAMS TA , CROSBY N , SII F , CHIANG M , LOCKWOOD A , SHAH P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To assess the frequency, risk factors and outcome of patients requiring bleb needling revisions (BNR)following Mitomycin‐C (MMC) augmented trabeculectomies in Afro‐Caribbean eyes in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Methods: ReGAE (Research in Glaucoma and Ethinicity) is a UK based multidisciplinary based research group whose research is aimed at preventing glaucomatous blindness in the diverse ethnic population of the West Midlands. A prospective study of consecutive Afro‐Caribbean patients with refractory advanced glaucoma who had undergone Mitomycin C augmented trabeculectomy (modified Cairns type trabeculectomy with fornix based conjunctival flap mitomycin C 0.1‐0.4mg/ml) was completed. Bleb needling revisions in the operating theatre with subconjunctival 5 fluro‐uracil (5FU) 0.1ml 25mg/ml) were required in a subset of eyes. The frequency, timing, complications and outcome of BNRs was studied. Results: 38 eyes (35 patients) were included in the study; mean age 52 years (range 11‐77 years); male:female 21:14. 9 of 38 eyes (24%)required BNR. Aetiology of glaucoma POAG 44%; JOAG 23%; traumatic 11%; fuchs 11%; pseudoexfoliation 11%. Of the patients requring BNR 6 eyes required BNR within 1 month of MMC‐ trabeculectomy. BNRs were performed 1‐48 months postopereratively. Number of BNRs required 1.7 per eye (range 1‐4) over a 2 year post operative follow up period. No complications occurred during BNR. Conclusions: Afro‐Caribbean patients have a significant risk of requiring BNR following MMC trabeculectomy. Although such bleb manipulations are most commonly required during the early postoperative period, late subtenon's fibrosis may necessitate late BNR in this ethnic group.
Non Hodgkin orbital lymphoma
Authors: KNEZEVIC T , IVEKOVIC R , MANDIC Z 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To present three cases of orbital lymphoma Methods: Detailed ophthalmological exam, laboratory, neuroimaging ( the orbital echoscan and MR of the brain and orbit ), patohistology and immunohistochemistry of tumor tissue biopsy “ex tempore“ and postoperatively and of the extirpated lymph node tissue, were done to have a final diagnosis of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.REAL/WHO classification was used. Results: RESULTS:Anatomical localizations were as follows: extraocular muscles ( m.rectus superior and m.levator palpebrae) in two of three patients and inferior eyelid in one patient.Ptosis and a reccurent "chalazion like" eyelid tumor mass were main clinical features.Patohistological and immunohistochemic analysis showed in all of three cases diffuse B‐lymphocyte lymphoma, with CD20,CD22,CD34+ at first, CD 19+, 20+, 22, 23+ at second, and CD19, CD23+ tumour antigens at third patient.All the patients had unilateral lesions of the orbit. One of three patients had an orbitothomia with total extirpation of the tumour mass. One patient had a systemic dissemination of the disease Ann Arbor, stage II and two patients had Ann Arbor grade IV.All three patients were treated with chemotherapy and two of them received monoclonal antibodies. 0ne patient underwent autological bone marrow transplantation of the peripheral blood stem cells. Conclusions: All of three patients had orbital lymphomas which were a consequence of the dissemination of the primary disease and all were diffuse B‐lymphocytic non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Clinical signs were nonspecific and only complete diagnostic evaluation provide us final diagnosis.
Ocular and systemic factors associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult population in rural and urban China. The Beijing eye study
Authors: JONAS JB , XU L , XIE X , WANG Y 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To assess ocular and systemic factors associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult population in rural and urban China. Methods: The Beijing Eye Study 2006, a population‐based, cross‐sectional cohort study, included 3251 subjects (participation rate: 73.2%). Blood samples were available for 2773 (85.3%) subjects. Diabetes mellitus was defined by a fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L or by a self‐reported history diagnosis of diabetes. Results: Diabetes mellitus was found in 334 (12.0%) subjects. In binary regression analysis, presence of diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with higher age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride concentrations, and intraocular pressure, and lower high‐density lipoprotein level. It was not statistically associated with cortical or and subcapsular cataract, size of the optic disc, rim and alpha zone and beta zone of peripapillary atrophy, retinal artery and vein diameters, retinal microvascular abnormalities, refractive error, and prevalence of glaucoma and early or late stage of age‐related macular degeneration. Conclusions: In a population‐based setting, diabetes mellitus was not associated with optic disc, rim and peripapillary atrophy measurements, retinal vessel diameters and microvascular abnormalities, and prevalence of age‐related macular degeneration. Although diabetes mellitus was significantly correlated with higher intraocular pressure, it was not associated with glaucoma.
Report on research in dry eye
Authors: GIPSON IK 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Members of the DEWS research Subcommittee reviewed published research to determine if there is sufficient evidence to define the basic mechanisms underlying dry eye disease. Methods: Evidence‐based research was evaluated concerning the changes in the tear film, lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands, ocular surface epithelia (including cornea and conjunctiva), meibomian glands, lacrimal duct system and the immune system in dry eye. Consideration was given to both human and animal research data. Results: Results are presented as a series of information matrices, identifying what has been learned about dry eye since the previous Dry Eye Workshop, providing supporting references. Areas for further investigation are identified. Conclusions: Given insufficient evidence to define the basic mechanisms giving rise to dry eye disease, a hypothesis for the mechanisms underlying the disease is presented.
In vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea
Authors: GUTHOFF RF 
Published: October 2007

AbstractConfocal in‐vivo microscopy so far has not found its place in routine diagnostic of anterior segment disease. But progress has been made with recent developments mainly based on Laser scanning technology. This allows an optical sectioning of less than 5 μm thickness of high contrast and in well defined distances from the corneal surface as well as the examination of conjunctiva, sclera and the lid region.Information is given how to differentiate subpopulations of the epithelium (superficial, intermedial, basal cells) as well as overall epithelial thickness measurements. This is exemplified in normal individuals, contact lens wearers and patients with various kinds of ocular surface disease.Stromal keratocytes are displayed and quantified in different corneal layers. Information on keratocyte activation by higher densities of scatterers in the cytoplasm is possible, indicating increased metabolic activity.A more wide spread use of in‐vivo confocal microscopy will allow to judge on woundhealing in all kind of corneal disease and repair mechanisms such as corneal re‐innovation following refractive corneal surgery.Cell populations such as Langerhans cells are displayed and quantified allowing information on immunological corneal activity in‐vivo. Woundhealing modulation in Glaucoma filtering surgery can be displayed on a cellular level and microcyst formation depending on the influence of Mitomicin C and 5 FU are demonstrated at various stages after surgery. This information may influence the postoperative management considerably.In‐vivo confocal microscopy recently has become easy to handle with improved imaging quality and possibilities of quantitative evaluation of ocular surface structures.
Fixed combinations and adherence
Authors: HOLLO G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To summarise information on adherence of glaucoma patients using fixed combinations of IOP lowering medications. Methods: Literary search. Results: Clinical experience as well as published studies clearly show that like compliance, adherence to prescribed medication is far not optimal in glaucoma patients. When using prostaglandin analogue eye drops QD adherence is better to the prescribed medication than in treatment periods on BID medication or in patients treated with BID topical medication. Combined prostaglandin/beta‐receptor blocker medication is similar to prostaglandin analogue monotherapy in terms of number of application per day, and can substitute unfixed combinations consisting of a prostaglandin analogue plus a beta‐blocker. Thus, improved adherence to the combined medication given once daily is supposed to be similarly good as it is with prostaglandin analogues. However, little published data is available on this field. Conclusions: Combined prostaglandin analogue/beta‐receptor blocker medication has a promise of good adherence because of the ease of administration and powerful IOP lowering, but for exact figures further adherence studies are necessary.
Blood flow changes in exfoliation
Authors: DAYANIR V , TOPALOGLU A , OZSUNAR Y , KECELI M , OKYAY P , HARRIS A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Evaluation of orbital blood flow parameters by using color Doppler imaging in patients with unilateral exfoliation syndrome (XFS). Methods: This prospective, comparative case series included 33 unilateral XFS patients, and 33 age‐sex matched control subjects. Color Doppler imaging was used to evaluate the XFS affected (Group 1), and unaffected (Group 2) eyes that were matched with the corresponding side (Groups 3, and 4) of control subjects. A masked radiologist obtained peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end diastolic velocity (EDV) of ophthalmic (OA), central retinal (CRA), nasal posterior ciliary (NPCA) and temporal posterior ciliary arteries (TPCA) as well as mean velocity of central retinal vein (CRV). Resistive indices (RI) were calculated. Results: Orbital blood flow parameters had no statistically significant difference between Group 1, and 2 (p>0.05). OA of Group 1 had significantly low PSV and EDV, and high RI compared to Group 3. OA PSV, EDV, and RI for Groups 1, and 3 were 25.3+/‐9.2 cm/sec (p=0.000), 5.8+/‐2.5cm/sec (p=0.000), 0.74+/‐0.04 (p=0.009), and 35.1+/‐11.0 cm/sec, 9.7+/‐3.5 cm/sec, 0.69+/‐0.07 respectively. The RI had a cut‐off value of 0.72 between Group 1 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] for mean, 0.72‐0.75) and Group 2 (95% CI, 0.66‐0.72). In Group 2, OA PSV and EDV also were lower than Group 4 while the RI value did not differ significantly. Blood flow values for CRA, NPCA, TPCA, and CRV did not show any significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Ophthalmic artery hemodynamic parameters change in both eyes of unilateral XFS patients pointing out the systemic nature of the disease. The decrease in blood flow might be due to decreased vascular compliance through progressive buildup of exfoliative material in blood vessels.
Management of co‐existing cataract and exfoliation
Authors: TEUS MA , DE BENITO‐LLOPIS L 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To describe the way to manage coexisting cataract and pseudoexfoliative glaucoam (PEXG) Methods: Several videos will be shown, together with a step‐wise approach to the possible problems theses eys usually have Results: We will show several useful surgical maneuvers to achive success in theses potentially complex cases Conclusions: When managed properly, the outcomes of surgery in eyes with coexisting cataract and PEXG can be improved
Diurnal IOP curve versus 24‐hour IOP curve: when and how to do it in practice
Authors: KONSTAS AGP 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To review the role and utility of 24‐hour, or diurnal IOP monitoring in the management of glaucoma Methods: Current glaucoma practice generally involves single IOP readings at each visit owing to time, convenience and cost considerations. A single IOP measurement however, gives data for only one minute of the day and does not reflect the dynamic equilibrium of IOP during the 24‐hour cycle. There is significant unpredictability of single IOP measurements and poor correlation between single IOP readings and peak, or fluctuation of 24‐hour IOP. 24‐hour or diurnal IOP monitoring can provide valuable information for the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. Results: Although 24‐hour monitoring is especially helpful in advanced or progressive glaucoma a simplified diurnal curve (IOP readings at 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00) can be successfully employed in most glaucoma cases. Conclusions: A simplified diurnal curve can provide reasonable quality of IOP information and help us setting a better target pressure. Better understanding of the prognostic value of 24‐hour IOP characteristics and the ideal target 24‐hour IOP are needed in the future.
How to monitor visual field progression?
Authors: VISWANATHAN A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Although the scientific merits of trend analysis (PROGRESSOR) are encouraging, its suitability for randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) has not been widely addressed. This study assesses the performance of this type of analysis in the setting of an RCT. Methods: A collaboration between Moorfields Eye Hospital and the University of Parma attempted to determine the validity of trend analysis in measuring differences between glaucoma treatment interventions. Glaucoma patients with deteriorating vision, as indicated by negatively sloping trend lines, were randomly assigned to receive laser trabeculoplasty or anti‐glaucoma medication treatment—in this case, brimonidine—to determine whether trend lines flattened out (denoting stabilized vision) or continued to slope downward (showing exacerbated visual loss). Results: Before and after treatment, the laser trabeculoplasty group demonstrated no discernable pattern, with pre‐ and postintervention graphs displaying negative slopes. With brimonidine, however, the trend reversed from negative before intervention to positive afterward, signifying an improvement in visual field status. Conclusions: These results are as yet unpublished but indicate that rate‐based measures are indeed suitable for visual field outcome measurements in RCTs. Yet, further work is needed to assemble the optimal combination of summary, cluster, and pointwise methods for different trial conditions.
Prion disease
Authors: BODAGHI B 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPrions are a new form of pathogens made by proteins and lacking genetic information such as DNA or RNA sequences. These proteins may transmit certain phenotypes that are inherited in a non‐Mendelian manner. Prions are possibly the primitive form of life, existing before or with self‐replicating RNA. The abnormal fom of prion proteins results in a misfolded molecule, becoming resistant to different major neutralizing agents. Prion protein (PrP) is expressed in many tissues and is required for susceptibility to scrapie and other prion diseases. Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD), the most common form of prion diseases, is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder with a worldwide incidence of 1‐1.5 per million. Different animal models have been developed in order to study the pathophysiology and transmission of prions. The presence of the pathologic isoform in the retina seems to be correlated with disease progression during the preclinical and clinical stages, perhaps using the inner plexiform layer as a first entry site and diffusing from the brain using a centrifugal model. On the other hand, prions may spread within the CNS via central axons of the visual pathways following intraocular inoculation. All these considerations are important for the better understanding of the disease and its variants in humans.
Making sense of immediately sequential bilateral phacoemulsification
Authors: LIU C 
Published: October 2007

AbstractImmediately sequential bilateral cataract makes sense, both for patient convenience, rapid rehabilitation, and health economics. However, there is still a stigma attached to it. We open by reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of operating on both cataracts at the same sitting. We introduce the concept of conditional probability. We list the strategies available to reduce the risk of bilateral complications, including the option of not proceding with the second eye procedure should the first operation be complicated.
Basics of straylight in the human eye
Authors: VAN DEN BERG TJTP 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Large angle light scattering in the eye causes retinal straylight and as a consequence functional disturbances such as glare hindrance while driving at night, or contrast loss in counter light situations. Apart from small angle effects such as measured with wavefront approaches, this constitutes a second major optical deficit of the human eye. Straylight must be studied for clinical use. Methods: A forced choice psychophysical assessment technique was developed ("Compensation Comparison"), that resulted in a commercial product (C‐Quant from Oculus). The task of the patient is to compare flicker strength in two half fields, and indicate with push buttons for 20 short presentations wich half field flickers most strongly. The straylight value is obtained including a reliability estimate. Added value in comparison to visual acuity was assessed in 2400 subjects in the European GLARE study. In 150 patients straylight data were collected before and after cataract procedures or YAG capsulotomy. Results: Repeated measures standard deviation for the method is about 0.07 log units, to be compared with differences in the young normal population of 0.2 log units, and by 1.0 log units (a factor of ten) or more with (early) cataract or corneal disturbances. In healthy eyes a strong age effect occurs. Straylight doubles by the age of 65, and triples by the age of 77. In pseudophakia, straylight values could be very good, better even than in the non‐cataract group, but with much differences in the population. In age‐normal as well as cataractous eyes, visual acuity and straylight were found to vary quite independently. Conclusions: Straylight assessment has added clinical value. It is quite independent from visual acuity. Lens extraction potentially reverses the strong age‐normal increase in straylight value.