bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion in Glassy Polymers. III. Temperature Dependence and Solvent Effects
Authors: Odani Hisashi , Kida Shigeru , Tamura Mikio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Absorption and desorption of benzene and ethyl acetate by atactic polystyrene (A-PS) were studied at various temperatures below the glass transition point of the polymer. In the A-PS+ benzene system raising temperature did not alter the general feature of the family of successive differential absorption curves, but merely compressed the whole family of curves towards a low concentration region. The critical concentration of penetrant at which the transition from non-Fickian to Fickian behavior occurred became lower in the order benzene, ethyl methyl ketone, and ethyl acetate. The logarithm of the time, t*, which specifies the inflection point of the second stage on the two-stage absorption curve, were linearly dependent on the initial concentration of penetrant, Ci, and the correlation lines between log t* and Ci obtained for various combinations of temperature and solvent were nearly parallel with one another. The features of integral absorptions were essentially the same in all cases, and the absorption curves showed a pronounced dependence on concentration.
The Photochemical Sulfoxidation of Alkylbenzenes
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Izawa Yasuji , Tsuda Takao , Takagi Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical sulfoxidation of alkylbenzenes with sulfur dioxide and oxygen in acetic anhydride to give the corresponding sulfonic acids has been studied. The sulfoxidation of the higher alkylbenzenes, such as that with a side-chain of trimerized propylene (ABTP) with a total average mol. wt. of 253 and that with a linear side-chain (ABL) with an average mol. wt. of 254, and also that of ethylbenzene give, by homolytic reaction, the corresponding sulfonic acids substituted at their side-chains. In contrast, the sulfonation of m-xylene occurs at the benzene ring by ionic reaction, while toluene gives a very poor yield of sulfonic acid. The surface activities of the resulting sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate with their sulfonate group at the side-chain were comparable to the corresponding ring-substituted sulfonates.
The Reaction of Optically Active Silver β-Phenylisobutyrate with Halogen
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Kashiwagi Teruya , Kozuka Seizi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Hunsdiecker reaction of optically active silver β-phenylisobutyrate with bromine was carried out, and racemic β-phenylisopropyl bromide and optically atcive 3-methyl-7-bromo-hydrocoumarin were obtained as the major products. Meanwhile, the Simonini reaction was also performed with the same optically active acid and iodine; 1-phenyl-2-propyl β-phenylisobutyrate was obtained as the product here. Upon the hydrolysis of the ester, the resulting alcohol, β-phenylisopropyl alcohol, was found to be racemic. From these observations, the mechanisms involving the formation of the incipient free radical during the reactions were suggested for both the reactions.
Heptafulvenes. VI. The Structure of 2,3-Diamino-8,8-dicyanoheptafulvene Hydrochloride
Authors: Kato Tadahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,3-Diamino and 2,3-bismethylamino-8,8-dicyanoheptafulvenes gave the corresponding crystalline salts of hydrochloride. From the infrared and ultraviolet spectra, it was concluded that these hydrochlorides are the derivatives of the hydrochloride of 2-aminotropoimine.
Kinetic Studies of the Solution Polymerization of Trioxane Catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2. II. The Effect of Catalyst and Water Concentrations of the Molecular Weight of the Polymer
Authors: Higashimura Toshinobu , Miki Tetsuro , Okamura Seizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the solution polymerization of trioxane catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2, the dependence of the molecular weight of the polymer formed on the polymerization conditions has been studied. In general, the molecular weight of the polymer formed increases in the course of polymerization, keeps a constant value over a certain range of conversion, and then again incerases remarkably. The molecular weight of the polymers formed decrease with an increase in the catalyst and water concentrations. This phenomenon can be explained qualitatively on the assumptions that the rate of the propagation reaction is smaller than that of the initiation reaction and that the chain breaking occurs through the reaction with water, which is consumed as the polymerization proceeds. This is equal to the assumption that the chain carrier is an oxonium ion in the cationic polymerization of trioxane.
The Analysis of Activators in Several Phosphors
Authors: Kotera Yoshihide , Sekine Tadao , Takahashi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The activators in the zinc sulfide phosphors were analyzed by colorimetry. The reagents were p-dimethylaminobenzylidene-rhodanine for the determination of silver in zinc sulfide and sodium dithiocarbamate, and zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate for copper. The analytical procedures were discussed, and the range of the activator content to which these procedures are applicable was clarified. The methods were then used to determine the activator contents in the phosphors in the form of powder and single crystals; the results obtained make it clear that the activators are dissipated during the firing process in the preparation of phosphors and that copper is incorporated during the single-crystal preparation.
Vibrational Spectra and Structure of Substituted Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. VI. β-Halogeno- and β-Halogenodeuteriovinyl Ketones
Authors: Dabrowski Janusz , Kamienska-Trela Krystyna 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of several chloro-, bromo- and iodovinyl ketones and their partly deuterated derivatives were investigated in the liquid state and in solutions. A Raman spectrum of one of these substances was also obtained. It has been shown that, unlike enamino- and hydroxyvinyl ketones, the title compounds exhibit fairly characteristic absorption bands due to carbonyl and skeletal vibrations. The splittings observed in the double bond stretching region are accounted for by rotational isomerism. Several assignments of the group frequencies are proposed.
Studies of the Quenching of the Fluorescence of Acridine Orange from the Standpoint of Charge-Transfer
Authors: Komiyama Tomoko , Miwa Takuji , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The quenching action of N, N-dimethylaniline, nitrobenzene, s-trinitrobenzene and tetracyano-ethylene on the fluorescence of acridine orange (AO) has been studied using ethanol and dioxane as solvents. In these solvents AO exists as cations or neutral molecules. In the former solvent, the quenching actions of the above substances on these two species have been investigated separately. The quenching constants, K’s (in reference to the Stern-Volmer equation) of the above substances (in the above sequence) in ethanol are (34–35), (19.6), (53.6) and (∼90) for cations and (8.4), (72.8), (−), and (−) for neutral molecules (in l./mol.). Thus, when quenchers are electron acceptors, K increases with the accepting power: nitrobenzene&lt;s-trinitrobenzene&lt;tetracyanoethylene. Further, acceptors are more efficient quenchers on neutral molecules than on cations (nitrobenzene), whereas the reverse is true for donors (N, N-dimethylaniline). In dioxane the quenching constants are generally somewhat smaller than in ethanol, but a basic similarity has been confirmed. All the results support the view that the present quenching phenomena are closely related to a charge-transfer process.
Studies of the Aqueous Solution of a Surface Active Substance by Means of an Ultrasonic Interferometer. III. Determinations of Ionic and Nonionic Hydrations of Sodium Alkyl Sulfate
Authors: Shigehara Koji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amounts of water of ionic and nonionic hydration were calculated for sodium alkyl sulfate in the state of molecular dispersion from the data obtained by the author and under the assumptions usually adopted: (a) the solution, as a whole, consists of several volume elements of different compressibilities; (b) the ionic radical together with its hydration water is incompressible; (c) the compressibility of the water of nonionic hydration for the CH2 group of the hydrocarbon chain is the same as that of ordinary ice; (d) the compressibility and the molar volume of the CH2radical in the state of molecular dispersion are the same as those in the micellar state. The water of hydration was calculated to be 2.1 mole per mole of the CH2 radical, and 4.9 mole per mole of the ionic radical, the latter value being the same as that of the solute in the micellar state previously reported. The molar volume of the water of nonionic hydration is found to be slightly less than that of free water, in accordance with the prediction of others. The dehydration of sodium alkyl sulfate caused by the addition of inorganic electrolyte has also been observed.
Polarographic and Potentiometric Studies of Indium(III)- and Europium(III)-Iminodiacetate Complexes
Authors: Misumi Seizo , Aihara Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The successive chelate formation constants for In(III)- and Eu(III)-IDA complexes were obtained by potentiometric titration and calculation by Bjerrum’s method. The values of logK1 and logK2 for the In(III)-IDA complex are 9.54 and 8.87, and those for the Eu(III)-IDA complex are 6.22 and 4.72, respectively. The electrode reactions of these complexes were studied polarographically and found to be irreversible and diffusion-controlled. The ionic states of these complexes before reduction in the vicinity of the electrode surface were estimated to be [InY2(OH)]2− or InY2− and Eu(H2O)x3+. The rate constant, (kf°)B, of the electron transfer for the Eu(III)-IDA complex was calculated to be 1.3×1020 cm.sec−1.
Oxidation of Alcohols with t-Butyl Chromate. IV. The Course of the Formation of the Ester
Authors: Suga Takayuki , Matsuura Tamon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The results obtained in the preceding papers (Parts I–III) of this series showed that, on oxidation with t-butyl chromate, the primary alcohol without a π-electron system on the carbon α to the hydroxymethyl group yields the corresponding ester in a comparable yield, together with the aldehyde and the acid, and also that the cyclic α-glycol with two secondary hydroxyl groups affords the corresponding cyclic ester, along with the glycol fission product. Chemical examination and infrared spectroscopic study have now proved that the course of the formation of these esters does not follow the direct esterification of the alcohol with the acid formed from it by oxidation, but rather involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between the original alcohol and the aldehyde produced from the alcohol, and the subsequent oxidation of the hemiacetal. The oxidation of alcohols with t-butyl chromate has also been discussed generally on the basis of the results of our previous papers and of the present work.
The Effect of the pH Value on the Crystallization of Strontium Sulfate in the Presence of Triphosphate
Authors: Miura Masaji , Naono Hiromitu , Hara Mitunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystallization of strontium sulfate has been conductometrically investigated in the presence of triphosphate under various pH values of the solution. The amount of triphosphate adsorbed on the crystal surface of strontium sulfate has been estimated as a function of the pH of the solution. The action of triphosphate in stabilizing the supersaturated solution of strontium sulfate and the amount of triphosphate adsorbed on the crystal surface depend remarkably on the pH of the solution; further, the two are closely correlated with each other. It has been concluded from these facts that the adsorption of triphosphate plays an important role in the stabilization of the supersaturated solution of strontium sulfate.
The Effects of Polyamines on the Melting of Polyriboinosinic Acid Plus Polyribocytidylic Acid Complex in Solution
Authors: Matsuo Kimiko , Tsuboi Masamichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal transition profile (melting profile) of the double-helical complex of polyriboinosinic acid plus polyribocytidylic acid, poly(I+C), into random coils in solution has been examined by the observation of the ultraviolet absorbance at 248 mμ of the solution. The effects of Na+, Mg2+, NH4+, CH3NH3+(CH2)nNH3+ (where n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8), spermidine, spermine, actinomycin D, and poly-l-lysine upon the melting profile have been observed. Among the diamines examined, that with n=3 has been found to have the maximum effect. Poly-l-lysine has been found to form a complex with poly(I+C) in the solution with a stoichiometric mole ratio of NH2 : P=0.5 : 1.
Kinetic Studies of the Solution Polymerization of Trioxane Catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2. IV. The Change in the Formaldehyde Concentration during Polymerization
Authors: Miki Tetsuro , Higashimura Toshinobu , Okamura Seizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the solution polymerization of trioxane catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2 and boron fluoride, the dependence of the yield of CH2O produced in the induction period on the polymerization conditions has been studied at 30°C. In the case of the BF3·O(C2H5)2 catalyst, the formation of CH2O has been recognized in n-hexane just after the addition of the catalyst while no induction period of the polymerization was seen. In polar solvents, both the formation of CH2O and the polymerization were retarded as the water concentration increased. In these systems the concentration of the CH2O formed changed with time, and no equilibrium or stationary concentration was recognized. In the case of the boron fluoride catalyst, an increase in the water concentration remarkably increased the induction period, also. For either catalyst the induction period was not decreased by the addition of CH2O to the polymerization system in advance of the catalyst addition. Therefore, it has been deduced that, in the polymerization system catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2, the polymerization and depolymerization reaction took place simultaneously and that the induction period was caused by water, which inhibits the formation of high polymers.
The Synthesis of Some Peptides Related to the Active Site of Enzymes
Authors: Hayakawa Tadao , Harada Kaoru , Fox Sidney W 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The sequences, α-aspartyl-l-serylglycine and α-glutamyl-l-serylglycine, appear in the “active site” of many esteratic enzymes. The free tripeptides were synthesized in this study. In order to avoid difficulties encountered in more conventional synthetic routes, N-carbobenzoxy-l-aspartyl (β-benzyl ester)-O-benzyl-l-serylglycine dibenzyl ester and N-carbobenzoxy-l-glutamyl (γ-benzyl ester)-O-benzyl-l-serylglycine dibenzyl ester were synthesized. These protected peptides were converted to the free tripeptides upon hydrogenolysis, which removed all of the four protecting groups simultaneously. Several derivatives of these tripeptides were also synthesized.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron(III) with Methylthymol Blue
Authors: Tonosaki Kôichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between iron(III) and methylthymol blue has been studied spectrophotometrically in an attempt to establish the optimum conditions for determining small amounts of iron. Depending on the acidities of a solution, iron(III) reacts with methylthymol blue to form one of two complexes. The 1-to-1 complex, which has its maximum absorbance in the acidity range from 0.07 to 1.00 m with respect to perchloric acid, has an absorption maximum at about 580 mμ against a reagent blank. The 1-to-2 (metal-reagent ratio) complex, which has its maximum absorbance in the pH range from 4.5 to 5.5, has an absorption maximum at about 520 mμ against a reagent blank. With either complex, Beer’s law is obeyed over the range from 5 to 50 μg. of iron(III) in 25 ml. of complex. The apparent molar extinction coefficients of the two complexes at their absorption maxima were calculated to be 15000 and 14000 respectively (the former, at 0.08 m HClO; the latter, at pH 5). According to Sandell’s notation, the sensitivities of the reactions are 0.004 μg. of iron(III) per cm2 at 580 mμ and 0.005 μg. of iron(III) per cm2 at 520 mμ respectively. The effect of diverse ions was examined with a solution containing iron(III) and 25 cations.
The Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Alkali Metals as Their Poly-Iodides
Authors: Akaza Ikuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been known that alkali metal ions can be extracted into nitrobenzene as their poly-iodides, but the extraction has not been attempted for various salts of alkali metals except in the case of their iodides. In this research ammonium iodide and elemental iodine were preferentially added to the extraction system in order to convert various alkali metal salts into poly-iodides. Ammonium iodide should be larger than the equivalent amount to an alkali metal present in an aqueous solution. The ratio of free iodine to ammonium iodide is an important factor; when the ratio is more than three, a higher distribution ratio is obtained. The ratio of iodine to iodide in the organic phase after the extraction is estimated to be six; therefore, the extracted species seems to be heptaiodide. The extractability of alkali metals increases in the order: Li–Na–K–Rb–Cs, and the distribution ratio decreases with the increase in the amount of metal ions taken in. Back extraction is achieved by shaking the organic phase with 10 m nitric acid. The separation factor between the metals is too low for them to be separated from one another.
A Geochemical Study of the Fumarolic Bismuthinite from Showashinzan
Authors: Mizutani Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In an active fumarole on the dome of the Showashinzan volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, a crystalline sublimate was found. It is lead grey, with a metallic luster, and forms loose clusters of aciculer crystals. X-Ray diffraction, spectrographic and micro-chemical analyses have been made of the sublimate. The results indicate that the sublimate consists of bismuthinite Bi2S3, with traces of lead, zinc, aluminum, copper, iron and titanium. A colorimetric determination has also been made of the bismuth in the fumarolic gases from Showashinzan. The variation in the bismuth content of the gases with the gas temperature suggests that, when the temperature falls to about 500°C, bismuth compounds lose their volatility in the gases and are precipitated to form a sublimate. On the assumption that the chemical equilibrium is established in the gases, the stability of bismuth minerals and a possible reaction for the formation of bismuthinite in the gases have been discussed, and it has been suggested that the bismuthinite is formed by the 2BiCl3+3H2S=Bi2S3+6HCl reaction in the gases.
Free Radical Reactions in Organic Electrode Processes. II. The Anodic Aroyloxylation of Anisole
Authors: Koyama Kikuhiko , Yoshida Kunihisa , Tsutsumi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrolyses of an acetonitrile solution of benzoic acid containing triethylamine have been carried out in the presence of anisole by the use of a platinum anode in an undivided cylindrical glass cell under various conditions. The electrolysis with benzoic acid at 15–23°C gave o- and p-methoxyphenyl benzoates (60%) as the main products, but the m-isomer could not be detected. The ratio of the isomers was 2 (ortho) : 1 (para). The other products identified in this experiment were carbon dioxide and biphenyl. The yield of the benzoates decreased when the electrolysis temperature was raised. The peaks of carbon dioxide and biphenyl on the vapor phase chromatograms in the experiment at 84°C, on the contrary, were relatively large compared with that observed in the low temperature electrolysis. Analogous products were obtained from the electrolysis of both p-toluic and p-anisic acids. These results have been compared with those obtained from the thermal decomposition of diaroyl peroxide in anisole. The mechanism of this anodic aroyloxylation of anisole has also been discussed.
Further Study of Syntheses of dl-2,3-Dicarboxycyclopentylacetic Acids
Authors: Kurosawa Kazu , Obara Heitaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The assignment of the configuration of racemic trans-trans and cis-cis-2,3-dicarboxycyclopentylacetic acid previously proposed has been confirmed by the syntheses of these compounds through other unambiguous reaction sequences. The trans-cis-isomer has been prepared by the epimerization of the 3-carboxyl group of the cis-cis-isomer, but the attempt to synthesize the fourth isomer (cis-trans) has been unsuccessful.
Silent Discharge Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. II. An Acidic Aqueous Solution of Ceric Sulfate in Atmospheres of Helium and Argon
Authors: Yokohata Akira , Tsuda Satoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In an atmosphere of helium or argon, the silent discharge reaction of an acidic aqueous solution of ceric sulfate has been investigated from the point of view of radiation chemistry. The results show the reduction of ceric ions to cerous ions. The situation is very similar to that in the case of radiation chemistry. From the known mechanism of the radiolysis of a ceric sulfate solution, the yield of “hydrogen atoms minus hydroxyl radicals” has been determined. Also, combining this yield with that of “hydrogen atoms plus hydroxyl radicals” previously obtained gave the respective yields of hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, on the basis of the value of the dose rate previously determined, the G values of the hydrogen atom, the hydroxyl radical and the cerous ion were determined to be as follows: in helium: G(H)=1.1,G(OH)=1.6,G(Ce3+)=1.6; in argon: G(H)=0.6,G(OH)=0.7,G(Ce3+)=2.9. On the basis of these results, it may be concluded that the silent discharge reactions in an aqueous solution in inert gas can well be interpreted in terms of the radiolysis caused by the ionizing radiation of high LET.
The Interaction of Cumulene Systems with Organometallic π-Complexes. IV. Novel π-Allyl Complexes Obtained from the Reactions of Allene with Iron and Cobalt Carbonyls
Authors: Nakamura Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,2′-Bi-π-allylene(hexacarbonyl)di-iron, [(OC)3Fe]·(Remark: Graphics omitted.)·[Fe(CO)3], was found to be a product of the reaction of allene with Fe3(CO)12. A study of the NMR spectrum, however, showed that a rapid valence tautomerisation takes place, even at −10°C between the 2,2′-bi-π-allylene structure and the related butadiene-type structure. In the presence of an excess of Co2(CO)8, allene yielded the [(C3H4)Co(CO)3]2 complex. The structure of this complex in which a (Remark: Graphics omitted.) skeleton was bound to two Co(CO)2 groups via π-allyl and acyl groups, was suggested.
Studies of C-Substituted Tartaric Acid. I. The Preparation of Optically Active 2-Methyltartaric and 2, 3-Dimethyltartaric Acid
Authors: Tatsumi Susumu , Izumi Yoshiharu , Imaida Masami , Fukuda Yoshio , Akabori Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two racemic forms of 2-methyltartaric acid were prepared, and their optical resolutions were performed. Four optically active isomers were obtained. 2, 3-Dimethyltartaric acid was also prepared and separated into two isomeric optically inactive forms. The isomer with the higher melting point could be resolved into two optically active isomers, but the other, with the lower melting point, could not. The former was, therefore, assigned to the racemic configuration, and the latter, to the meso configuration.
Polyesters Containing Carbazole Rings in the Main Chain. III. Syntheses of New Polyesters from Carbazole-dibasic Acids
Authors: Nagai Yoshio , Huang Chin-Chuan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several new polyesters were synthesized by the reaction of ethylene glycol with such carbazoledi-carboxylic acids as carbazole-3, 6-dicarboxylic, 9-ethylcarbazole-3, 6-dicarboxylic, carbazole-3, 6-dibutanoic and 9-methylcarbazole-3, 6-dibutanoic acid in the presence of various catalysts.