bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid‐Trefftz stress elements for incompressible biphasic media
Authors: de Freitas J. A. Teixeira , Toma M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA wavelet‐based, high‐order time integration method is applied to replace the parabolic problem governing the response of incompressible biphasic media by a set of uncoupled Helmholtz problems. Their formal solutions are used to formulate the stress model of the hybrid‐Trefftz finite element formulation. The stress, pressure and displacement fields are directly approximated and designed to satisfy locally the equilibrium condition in each phase of the mixture. This basis is used to enforce on average the compatibility conditions and the constitutive relations of the mixture. The displacements in the solid and the normal displacement in the fluid are approximated independently on the boundary of the element and the basis is used to enforce in weak form the boundary equilibrium conditions. The resulting solving system is sparse, well suited to adaptive refinement and parallel processing. The energy statements associated with the formulation are recovered and sufficient conditions for the uniqueness of the finite element solutions are stated. Testing problems reported in the literature are used to illustrate the quality of the pressure, stress, displacement and velocity estimates obtained with the hybrid‐Trefftz stress element. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid collocation/Galerkin scheme for convective heat transfer problems with stochastic boundary conditions
Authors: Constantine Paul G. , Doostan Alireza , Iaccarino Gianluca 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present a numerical method to study convective heat transfer in a high Reynolds number incompressible flow around a cylinder subject to uncertain boundary conditions. We exploit the one‐way coupling of the energy and momentum transport to derive a semi‐intrusive uncertainty propagation scheme, which combines Galerkin and collocation approaches for computing approximate statistics of the stochastic temperature field. The hybrid scheme converges rapidly and dramatically reduces the overall computational cost compared with the conventional uncertainty propagation schemes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A time‐integration method for the viscoelastic–viscoplastic analyses of polymers and finite element implementation
Authors: Kim Jeong Sik , Muliana Anastasia H. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe present study introduces a time‐integration algorithm for solving a non‐linear viscoelastic–viscoplastic (VE–VP) constitutive equation of isotropic polymers. The material parameters in the constitutive models are stress dependent. The algorithm is derived based on an implicit time‐integration method (Computational Inelasticity. Springer: New York, 1998) within a general displacement‐based finite element (FE) analysis and suitable for small deformation gradient problems. Schapery's integral model is used for the VE responses, while the VP component follows the Perzyna model having an overstress function. A recursive‐iterative method (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng 2004; 59:25–45) is employed and modified to solve the VE–VP constitutive equation. An iterative procedure with predictor–corrector steps is added to the recursive integration method. A residual vector is defined for the incremental total strain and the magnitude of the incremental VP strain. A consistent tangent stiffness matrix, as previously discussed in Ju (J. Eng. Mech. 1990; 116:1764–1779) and Simo and Hughes (Computational Inelasticity. Springer: New York, 1998), is also formulated to improve convergence and avoid divergence. Available experimental data on time‐dependent and inelastic responses of high‐density polyethylene are used to verify the current numerical algorithm. The time‐integration scheme is examined in terms of its computational efficiency and accuracy. Numerical FE analyses of microstructural responses of polyethylene reinforced with elastic particle are also presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microencapsulation of hydrophilic solid powder as a flame retardant with epoxy resin by using interfacial reaction method
Authors: Takahashi Masanori , Taguchi Yoshinari , Tanaka Masato 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMicroencapsulation of Bistetrazol · diammonium (BHT · 2NH3) as a hydrophilic powdery flame retardant was tried by the interfacial reaction method in reverse emulsion. In this microencapsulation method, water droplets containing BHT · 2NH3 and hydrazine as gelation agent for epoxy resin were dispersed in the continuous phase of corn oil. When epoxy resin was added to the continuous phase, BHT · 2NH3 as a core material was microencapsulated by the reaction of epoxy resin with hydrazine on the interface between the surface of water droplet and the continuous phase. The content of the core material from 70 to 85%, and the microencapsulation efficiency from 89 to ca 100% were able to be attained under the experimental conditions adopted here. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and neutropenia associated with maternal human leukocyte antigen antibodies
Authors: Gramatges M. Monica , Fani Pauline , Nadeau Kari , Pereira Shalini , Jeng Michael R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractNeonatal thrombocytopenia or neutropenia may result from passive transfusion of maternally derived antibodies. Antibodies against platelet antigens are commonly associated with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), and anti‐neutrophil antibodies are frequently identified in alloimmune neonatal neutropenia (ANN). Combined alloimmune cytopenias in the newborn are rarely reported; even fewer reports document human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies as a potential cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. We describe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in a newborn associated with markedly elevated maternal HLA antibodies in the absence of anti‐neutrophil or anti‐platelet antibodies to highlight consideration of HLA antibodies in the pathogenesis of ANN and NAIT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:97–99. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the interphase in the flow stability of reactive coextruded multilayer polymers
Authors: Lamnawar Khalid , Maazouz Abderrahim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCoextrusion technologies are commonly used to produce multilayered composite sheets or films for a large range of applications from food packaging to optics. The contrast of rheological properties between layers can lead to interfacial instabilities. Important theoretical and experimental advances regarding theses defects have, during the last decades, been made using a mechanical and numerical approach. This study deals with the influence of the physicochemical affinity between the neighboring layers on interfacial instabilities for functionalized incompatible polymers. It was experimentally confirmed, in this case, that weak disturbance can be predicted by considering an interface of nonzero thickness (corresponding to an interdiffusion/reaction zone interphase) instead of a purely geometrical interface between the two reactive layers. According to the rheological investigations, an experimental strategy was here formulated to investigate the parameters that controlled the stability of the reactive multilayer flows. The role of the viscosity ratio, elasticity ratio, and layer ratio of the stability of the interface was also investigated coupling to the reaction rate/compatibilization phenomenon. Hence, based on this analysis, guidelines for a stable coextrusion of reactive functionalized polymers can be provided coupling the classical parameters and the physicochemical affinity at the polymer/polymer interface. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
A framework for testing global non‐hydrostatic models
Authors: Wedi Nils P. , Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWith the emergence of non‐hydrostatic global dynamical cores, an alternative testing strategy is proposed, where the planetary radius is suitably reduced to capture non‐hydrostatic phenomena without incurring the computational cost of actual simulations of weather and climate at non‐hydrostatic resolution. The procedure is simple and tests various aspects of the discretized hydrostatic and non‐hydrostatic equations in the same setting on a sphere. Furthermore, it facilitates verification against Cartesian‐domain analytic solutions and against large‐eddy simulation (LES) benchmarks available for limited‐area models. The proposed framework is illustrated with examples of inertia–gravity wave dynamics in linear and nonlinear regimes, including flows past idealized mountains, stratified shear flows and critical layers. Finally, an intercomparison of the Held–Suarez climate variability for reduced‐size planets is presented, which provides a path for future investigations on the dynamics of convective boundary layers on a sphere. This assesses the ability to adequately capture interactions of large‐scale dynamics with intermittent turbulent structures, an important aspect of future weather and climate predictions. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in structural conformers of 2‐amino methylene malonaldehyde: AIM and NBO studies
Authors: Raissi H. , Jalbout A. F. , Yoosefian M. , Fazli Mustapha , Nowroozi A. , Shahinin M. , De Leon A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe molecular structure and intramolecular hydrogen bond energies of 44 conformers of 2‐Amino methylene malonaldehyde were investigated at MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory using the standard 6‐311++G** basis set and AIM and NBO analysis. The calculated geometrical parameters and conformational analysis in gas phase show that the closed ring via intramolecular hydrogen bonded conformers of this compound are more stable than the other ones. Hydrogen bond energies for H‐bonded conformers were obtained from the related rotamers method (RRM) and Schuster method, and also the nature of H‐bonding of them has been investigated by means of the Bader theory of atoms in molecules, which is based on topological properties of the electron density. Delocalization effects can be identified from the presence of off diagonal elements of the Fock matrix in the NBO basis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Dopaminergic synapses in the caudate of subjects with schizophrenia: Relationship to treatment response
Authors: Roberts Rosalinda C. , Roche Joy K. , Conley Robert R. , Lahti Adrienne C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe typical symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) are psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorders of thought or speech, grossly disorganized behavior) as well as cognitive impairments and negative symptoms. Not all patients respond to treatment and in those who do, only psychotic symptoms are usually improved. Imaging studies have shown that SZ subjects with high striatal dopamine release are far more responsive to antipsychotic drugs than those patients who have dopamine levels lower than or comparable to that of normal controls. In the present study we hypothesized that there was a link between psychosis and the number of dopaminergic synapses in the caudate nucleus in SZ. We examined dopaminergic synapses at the electron microscopic level in postmortem caudate from cases obtained from the Maryland Brain Collection. SZs were subdivided based on treatment response or resistance. The tissue was processed for the immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the synthesizing enzyme for dopamine, and prepared for electron microscopy. The density of all TH labeled synapses was 43% greater in treatment responders than in controls and 62% greater in than in treatment resistant SZ. Axodendritic, but not axospinous, TH‐labeled synapses showed this increase. TH‐labeled axodendritic synapses in treatment responders were elevated in density (1.95 ± 0.093/10 μm3) compared to treatment resistant SZ (0.04 ± 0.017/10 μm3) and controls (0.11 ± 0.044/10 μm3). The results of the present study suggest that one anatomical underpinning of good treatment response may be a higher density of dopaminergic synapses and support a biological basis to treatment response and resistance. Moreover, these data have important implications for linking specific neuropathology with particular symptoms. Synapse 63:520–530, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphatic Invasion: An Important Prognostic Factor for Stages T1b–T3 Gallbladder Cancer and an Indication for Additional Radical Resection of Incidental Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Shibata Kohei , Uchida Hiroki , Iwaki Kentaro , Kai Seiichiro , Ohta Masayuki , Kitano Seigo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is being performed with increasing frequency worldwide. This has led to more frequent discovery of incidental gallbladder cancer (IGBC) and in turn to the need for an independent prognostic factor for stages T1b–T3 gallbladder cancer so that is can be determined clinically which cases of IGBC are indicated for additional radical resection (ARR).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted that included 72 patients who underwent macroscopically curative surgical resection (R0, R1) at our center for stages T1b–T3 GBC. Survival analysis was performed, and the usefulness of ARR was analyzed in 15 patients with IGBC.ResultsUnivariate analysis of disease‐specific survival showed stage T3, histologic grade II–IV, lymphatic invasion, vessel invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and a positive resection margin to be factors indicative of poor prognosis. Independent predictors of poor disease‐specific survival were stage T3 (hazard ratio, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.10–4.95]), lymphatic invasion (5.97 [1.29–27.6]), and a positive resection margin (3.17 [1.51–6.63]). Among the 15 IGBC patients, 4 of 5 patients without lymphatic invasion were cured, 2 of whom underwent cholecystectomy alone; 4 of 10 patients with lymphatic invasion did not undergo ARR, and the cancer recurred in all 4 patients; the other 6 patients underwent ARR, and 4 of them were cured by reoperation.ConclusionsLymphatic invasion well reflects the malignant phenotype of stages T1b–T3 GBC. We advocate ARR for IGBC patients with lymphatic invasion.
Adolescents’ explanations for romantic dissolutions: A developmental perspective
Authors: Connolly Jennifer , McIsaac Caroline 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTOur objective was to examine the prevalence and developmental significance of romantic break‐ups in adolescence, a relatively unexplored area of study. We examined their occurrence in a sample of 910 adolescents, first noting the frequency of these events across age, gender, and romantic experience, and then analyzing the dissolution explanations provided by a subsample (N = 211) who experienced a break‐up within the past 6 months. Break‐ups were reported by 23% of youth, especially those with extensive romantic experience. Most were described as self‐initiated, especially by girls. Using a categorical‐content approach, we determined that the majority of dissolution explanations reflected “fit failures” in meeting developmentally salient romantic needs, especially those related to interdependence. Patterns were consistent across gender and age, however, those with romantic experience focused most on unmet intimacy needs. We discuss the developmental significance of break‐ups, noting continuity between the needs expressed in intact and dissolving relationships.
Female-induced increase of host-plant volatiles enhance specific attraction of aphid maleDysaphis plantaginea(Homoptera: Aphididae) to the sex pheromone
Authors: van Tol R.W.H.M. , Helsen H.H.M. , Griepink F.C. , de Kogel W.J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAll aphid species studied so far share the same sex pheromone components, nepetalactol and nepetalactone. Variation by different enantiomers and blends of the two components released by different aphid species are limited and can only partially explain species-specific attraction of males to females. While some host-plant odours are known to enhance specific attraction of aphid species, herbivore-induced plant volatiles that synergise attractiveness to the sex pheromone are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that for the host-alternating rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea(Passerini)) specificity of attraction of males to females is triggered by female-induced tree odours in combination with a 1:8 ratio of (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol. Female aphid infestation induces increased release of four esters (hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl 3-methylbutyrate and hexyl 2-methylbutyrate) from apple leaves. Two different combinations of three esters applied in a 1:1:1 ratio increase the number of maleD. plantagineaand decrease the number of other aphid species caught in water traps in the presence of the pheromone components. The ester blend alone was not attractive. Combination of the pheromone blend with each single ester was not increasing attraction of maleD. plantaginea. The demonstration that sexual aphid species use herbivore-induced plant volatiles as a species-specific attractant for mate finding adds a new dimension to our understanding of insect species using or manipulating chemical cues of host plants for orientation.
A SURVEY OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADOPTION OF ZERO TILLAGE WHEAT IN THE IRRIGATED PLAINS OF SOUTH ASIA
Authors: ERENSTEIN OLAF , FAROOQ UMAR 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYThere is a quest for resource-conserving technologies that can save water, reduce production costs and improve production to address the slow down in productivity growth in the Indo-Gangetic Plains, the cereal bowl of South Asia. Findings from farm surveys are used to evaluate the farm household factors that affect the adoption of zero tillage (ZT) wheat in the rice-wheat systems of India's Haryana State and Pakistan's Punjab province. Three adoption classes are distinguished in each site: ZT adopters, dis-adopters and non-adopters. Bivariate analysis shows that adopters typically have the most favourable values for most of the indicators compiled and the non-adopters the least favourable, with dis-adopters often taking an intermediate position. The study highlights that ZT adoption in the initial diffusion stage is strongly linked to the wealth of the farm household. This indicates the need for closer consideration of equity implications in future research and development. The structural differences between adoption categories also easily confound the assessment of ZT impact.
The contributions of phonology, orthography, and morphology in Chinese–English biliteracy acquisition
Authors: WANG MIN , YANG CHEN , CHENG CHENXI 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the concurrent contributions of phonology, orthography, and morphology to biliteracy acquisition in 78 Grade 1 Chinese–English bilingual children. Conceptually comparable measures in English and Chinese tapping phonological, orthographic, and morphological awareness were administered. Word reading skill in English and Chinese was also tested. We found that cross-language phonological and morphological transfer occurs when acquiring two different writing systems. Chinese tone and onset awareness explained a significant amount of unique variance in English real-word reading after controlling for English-related variables. Chinese onset awareness alone made a significant unique contribution to variance in English pseudoword reading. Furthermore, English compound structure awareness explained unique variance in Chinese character reading. However, we did not see a significant cross-language transfer at the orthographic level. Taken together, these results suggest that there are shared phonological and morphological processes in bilingual reading acquisition, whereas the orthographic process may be language specific.
Does desiccation risk drive the distribution of juvenile cane toads (Bufo marinus) in tropical Australia?
Authors: Child Travis , Phillips Benjamin L. , Shine Richard 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:Immediately after their transition from aquatic to terrestrial life, juveniles of many anuran species are restricted to the margins of natal ponds. Understanding the factors determining the duration of that pondside aggregation has direct management ramifications in the case of the invasive cane toad (Bufo marinus) in tropical Australia. Previous work suggests that dispersal confers biotic advantages (reduced risk of cannibalism, enhanced feeding opportunities) to juvenile toads, but desiccation risk constrains these small animals to the moist margins of the pond. If so, juvenile dispersal should be sensitive to fluctuating hydric conditions on a diel and seasonal cycle. We tested this prediction with field observations (monitoring of dispersal to and from the pond) and field experiments (manipulating hydric regimes). Our results support a dynamic model of juvenile distribution, with a primary role for temporal variations in desiccation risk as the primary factor driving dispersal. During the dry season, strong diel cycles in desiccation risk generate a ‘tidal’ flow of juveniles, dispersing out in the moist morning but retreating to the pond margins at midday. Dispersal rates were enhanced by artificial watering during the dry season, and by the onset of the wet season.
Floral biology, breeding systems and population genetic structure of three climbingBauhiniaspecies (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) in Hong Kong, China
Authors: Lau Carol P. Y. , Saunders Richard M. K. , Ramsden Lawrence 
Published: February 2009

Abstract:The pollination ecology, breeding system and population genetic structure of three climbingBauhiniaspeciesB. championii(4 populations, 23 individuals),B. corymbosa(2 populations, 25 individuals) andB. glauca(8 populations, 76 individuals) were studied in Hong Kong, southern China. We hypothesize that the climbingBauhiniaspecies will attract targeted pollinators to achieve out-cross success and high levels of self-incompatibility will be expected to maintain diversity, with local population expansion relying on vegetative propagation. All three species have inflorescences consisting of numerous small, pale, fragrant flowers, which show diurnal anthesis. Field observations revealed that all three species are predominantly pollinated by bees (particularlyApis mellifera) and butterflies (GraphiumandPapiliospecies), althoughB. championiiis also pollinated by wasps and flies.Bauhinia corymbosaandB. glaucahave sucrose-dominant nectar, whereasB. championiihas hexose-dominant nectar. In controlled-pollination experiments fruit and seed set were generally highest following artificial out-crossing. The index of self-incompatibility ofB. championiiis 1.07, indicating self-compatibility;B. corymbosaandB. glaucawere obligately self-incompatible. The population genetic structure and variation of theBauhiniaspecies was investigated using ISSR markers. Generally the three species have moderate within-population (meanHS= 0.206) and high among-population genetic variation (meanGST= 0.284). No correlation exists between the geographical and genetic distance, possibly due to the small local population size. All three species showed high levels of heterozygosity as expected for predominantly out-crossing long-lived K-selected species.