bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased capacity to solubilize immune complexes in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Aguado M. Teresa , Perrin L. H. , Miescher P. A. , Lambert P. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe capacity to solubilize immune complexes formed in vitro is significantly decreased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This complement function correlates significantly with serum C3 levels and inversely with the presence of circulating immune complexes. Clinically, patients with a decreased capacity to solubilize complexes show a worse evolution and an increased incidence of renal involvement. In conclusion, the impaired solubilization capacity, related to low complement activity, which is observed in patients with SLE may favor the persistence of immune complexes in tissues.
THE EFFECT OF LEAD UPON URATE NUCLEATION
Authors: Tak Hyon‐Ki , Wilcox William R. , Cooper Sheldon M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLead urate was crystallized from solutions originally containing 0.595 mM (10 mg%) urate and 0.297 mM PbCl2. In the absence of lead, monosodium urate does not nucleate unless the urate concentration exceeds 80 mg%. Lead urate crystals were negatively birefringent and had a distinct x‐ray powder diffraction pattern. Crystals of monosodium urate nucleated on lead urate seed crystals when the urate concentration was 10 mg%. These studies indicate that with physiologic conditions of temperature, pH, and ionic strength, spontaneous nucleation of lead urate can be demonstrated.
Treatment Of NZB/NZW F1 Hybrid Mice with Mycobacterium Bovis Strain BCG or Type II Interferon Preparations Accelerates Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Engleman Edgar G. , Sonnenfeld Gerald , Dauphinee Michael , Greenspan John S. , Talal Norman , Mcdevitt Hugh O. , Merigan Thomas C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice develop a spontaneous autoimmune disease characterized by the appearance of antinuclear antibodies and premature death due to immune complex glomerulonephritis. To investigate the possible effects of cellular immune stimulation on this disorder, groups of female NZB/NZW mice, aged 2, 5, and 7 months, were treated either with the nonspecific immunostimulatory agent Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG or with saline. Mice treated with BCG at ages 5 and 7 months died sooner than age‐matched controls, and death was associated with severe glomerulonephritis, suggesting that BCG may have accelerated autoimmunity in these mice. Since BCG is known to stimulate the production of type II (or γ) interferon, a substance with potent immunoregulatory effects, a second study was carried out to assess the effects of type II interferon on NZB/NZW disease. A greater number of type II interferon‐treated mice died by 9 months of age when compared to controls, and the increased death rate was associated with a more rapid development of antinuclear antibodies and histologically confirmed glomerulonephritis. These data, together with a recent report of increases in the level of serum type II interferon in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, suggest that type II interferon may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
Electromyographic findings in various forms of progressive systemic sclerosis
Authors: Hausmanowa‐Petrusewicz Irena , Jabłońska Stefania , Błaszczyk Maria , Matz Beżena 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectromyographic findings were studied in 32 women and 7 men with progressive systemic sclerosis. Among the 14 patients in group 1, 7 had the CREST syndrome in an early stage while the 14 patients in group 2 had advanced CREST‐type lesions. The 18 patients in group 3 had diffuse scleroderma with extensive visceral involvement. In all groups, the mean duration of single potentials was reduced and the percent of polyphasic potentials was above normal in groups 2 and 3. Distal muscles were more involved in group 1, and proximal muscles in group 2. In group 3, involvement of various muscles was nearly equal. Electromyographic changes correlated with the clinical condition of the patients. Overall, the findings in this study are similar to findings from other laboratories.
Activation of the classical pathway of complement by rheumatoid factors
Authors: Sabharwal Umesh K. , Vaughan John H. , Fong Sherman , Bennett Peter H. , Carson Dennis A. , Curd John G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA simple, sensitive solid‐phase radioimmunoassay to quantitate the activation of the classical pathway of complement by rheumatoid factor (RF) is described. RF (purified, in serum or synovial fluid) was bound to reduced and alkylated IgG adsorbed to polyvinyl chloride microtiter plates and reacted with diluted normal human serum (complement). The activation and binding of C4 were quantitated with 125I‐Fab'2‐anti‐C4. Purified, polyclonal IgM–RF was 100‐ to 1,000‐fold more effective than purified IgG–RF in activating complement. The amount of complement activation produced by RF in each of the 57 sera and 2 synovial fluid samples correlated directly with the amount of IgM–RF present. The complement activating abilities of polyclonal IgM–RF in the sera of 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients were homogeneous. This novel technique is readily applicable to the investigation of complement activation by RF in disease.
Noncollagenous proteins in cartilage of normal subjects and patients with degenerative joint disease. a gel electrophoretic study
Authors: Chaminade F. , Stanescu V. , Stanescu R. , Maroteaux P. , Peyron J. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal articular cartilage from subjects of various ages and cartilage from patients with degenerative joint disease were extracted with 4M guanidinium chloride. After dialysis against 8M urea pH 6.8, a 0.2M NaCl fraction was obtained by ion exchange chromatography on DE‐52 in 8M urea. This fraction was concentrated, reduced, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (7% gels). Six major noncollagenous protein bands (P1–P6) were found; 2 were identified as the link proteins. The approximate molecular weights of P1–P6 were: 87,000, 64,000, 56,000, 46,000, 41, 000, and 27,000. A similar sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern of P1–P6 was found in young baboons, in normal young and aged humans, and in patients with degenerative joint disease. Peaks corresponding to extracted collagen were decreased in older patients and increased in patients with degenerative joint disease, even those of advanced age.
Abnormal softening in articular cartilage. Its relationship to the collagen framework
Authors: Broom Neil D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbnormal softening in articular cartilage is related to the presence of collagen fibers strongly aligned in a radial direction. In this paper, a morphologic model is proposed that provides a mechanism by which these radial arrays can develop passively from the more random, 3‐dimensional network of fibers observed in normal articular cartilage.
Effect of purified growth factors on rabbit articular chondrocytes IN MONOLAYER CULTURE. I. DNA Synthesis
Authors: Prins A. Pieter A. , Lipman Jack M. , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ability of purified growth factors, insulin, ascorbate, and several other compounds to stimulate DNA synthesis by rabbit articular chondrocytes was studied in monolayer culture. Platelet‐derived growth factor (1 U/ml), pituitary fibroblast growth factor (1–100 ng/ml), and epidermal growth factor (1–50 ng/ml) were stimulatory in a basal medium supplemented with 1% heat‐inactivated fetal bovine serum. Insulin, 1–50 μg/ml, had small growth‐promoting effects but acted synergistically with platelet‐derived, pituitary fibroblast, and epidermal growth factors. Increasing concentrations of serum up to 10% enhanced the growth‐promoting action of the purified factors, but not of insulin. There were indications of cooperation between insulin and bovine serum albumin and dexamethasone. Ascorbate (0.2 mM) reduced or had little growth‐promoting action in the basal medium. At 5 and 10% serum concentrations, however, ascorbate promoted DNA synthesis as effectively as the purified growth factors. No significant stimulatory effect was shown by transferrin, thrombin, L‐glutamine, putrescine, selenous acid, dexamethasone, 7S nerve growth factor, or multiplication‐stimulating activity.
Adjuvant polyarthritis. vii. The role of type ii collagen in pathogenesis
Authors: Iizuka Yoshio , Chang Yi‐Han 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of immune response in rats directed toward EL4 cells, after the injection of EL4 cells suspended in a saline/oil emulsion, was enhanced by the incorporation of Mycobacterium into the saline/oil emulsion; the incorporation of type II collagen into the saline–acetic acid/oil emulsion in concentrations ranging from 0.5–25 μg/ml had no apparent effect on the development of immune response. The incorporation of type II collagen into the saline–acetic acid/oil emulsion at higher concentrations (100 μg and 1.0 mg/ml) significantly suppressed both the humoral and the cell‐mediated immune response. Pretreatment of rats with the maximal subarthritogenic dose of complete Freund's adjuvant prevented the development of arthritis in response to a subsequent injection of an arthritogenic dose of the same adjuvant, but had no effect on the development of type II collagen–induced arthritis. These observations suggest that adjuvant arthritis and the type II collagen–induced arthritis are distinctly different diseases.
Natural killer cell activity of mononuclear cells from rheumatoid patients measured by a conjugate‐binding cytotoxicity assay
Authors: Reinitz Elizabeth , Neighbour P. Andrew , Grayzel Arthur I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe natural killer cell activity of synovial fluid mononuclear cells and synovial membrane mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was compared with that of paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells from many of these patients. Natural killer cell activity was measured by the use of a conjugate‐binding cytotoxicity assay with an erythroleukemic cell line, K562, as target. There was no significant difference when 15‐minute target binding by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared with synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Target binding of synovial membrane mononuclear cells was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of peripheral blood cells. Three‐hour target killing, however, was significantly greater when synovial fluid mononuclear cells were compared with the peripheral blood cells, P 7< 0.01, and when synovial membrane cells were compared with the peripheral blood cells (P < 0.05). The products of binding and 3‐hour killing, a reflection of the total number of mononuclear cells participating in cytotoxicity, were significantly greater when either synovial fluid or synovial membrane mononuclear cells were compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (both P < 0.01). Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of large granular lymphocytes, representing 20% of the peripheral blood cells and 37% of the synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Interferons were detected in 10/12 rheumatoid and 3/12 nonrheumatoid synovial fluid samples studied. These findings indicate that functional natural killer cells are selectively increased in the rheumatoid joint and may contribute to the overall increase in immunologic activity found in the joints of these patients.
Induction of fibroblast proliferation by human mononuclear leukocyte‐derived proteins
Authors: Postlethwaite Arnold E. , Kang Andrew H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by T cell antigen or mitogen release soluble factors that induce mitogenesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Fractionation of supernatants from antigen‐stimulated mononuclear leukocyte cultures by Sephadex G‐100 yielded 2 major peaks of fibroblast proliferation activity (∼︁60,000 and ∼︁16,000 MW). Both proliferation factors are heat stable (56°C for 45 minutes) proteins. These data show that mononuclear leukocytes, under appropriate conditions, can release soluble mediators that can stimulate fibroblast proliferation; such leukocytes may also play a role in expanding fibroblast populations adjacent to certain cell‐mediated immune reactions in vivo.
Clinical features of patients with antibodies directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Authors: Fritzler Marvin J. , Mccarty Gale A. , Paul Ryan J. , Douglas Kinsella T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical and serologic features of 7 patients whose sera contained antibodies directed against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti‐PCNA) were studied. Five of the patients had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1 had idiopathic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 1 had seronegative arthritis. In a study of various rheumatic diseases, anti‐PCNA was found in 2% of SLE sera but was not found in the sera of 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients, 20 mixed connective tissue disease patients, or 50 diffuse scleroderma patients. Patients with anti‐PCNA had no history of hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, or pleuro‐pericarditis. Evidence that the production of anti‐PCNA antibodies is sensitive to corticosteroid therapy is also presented.
Separation and characterization of immune complexes containing 19S IgM rheumatoid factor‐IgG in juvenile arthritis
Authors: Moore Terry L. , Wayne Sheridan P. , Zuckner Jack , Dorner Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 10 patients with juvenile arthritis (JA), 2 seropositive and 8 with hidden rheumatoid factor (RF), were subjected to affinity chromatography on a rabbit anti‐human IgM column. Material retained by the column was eluted sequentially by 1M NH3 and 0.1M glycine‐HCl buffer, pH 3.0. The affinity fractions contained both 19S IgM RF and IgG, while corresponding fractions from healthy controls contained neither. Sera from 15 patients with JA, 1 seropositive and 11 with hidden RF, were subjected to 4% polyethylene glycol precipitation followed by acid dissociation of the precipitate. Ten of 15 resultant fractions contained both IgM RF and IgG, while corresponding fractions from healthy controls contained only traces of IgG. Sera from 7 of these JA patients were subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation and the resultant fractions analyzed for the presence of immune complexes by the Clq solid‐phase assay. Immune complexes were detected at and ahead of the IgM marker, as expected for IgM RF‐IgG complexes. These combined data show that the majority of JA patients with classic or hidden 19S IgM RF have immune complexes containing IgM RF and IgG in their sera.
Cytotoxicity of sera from patients with scleroderma
Authors: Cohen Stanley , Johnson Alice R. , Hurd Eric 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from patients with progressive systemic sclerosis were compared with sera from normal individuals and from patients with other connective tissue diseases for cytotoxic effects on cultured human cells. More than 40% of the sera from patients with active progressive systemic sclerosis were cytotoxic by several criteria for pulmonary arterial or umbilical venous endothelial cells, foreskin fibroblasts, and neuroblastoma cells. Cytotoxic sera caused morphologic changes, uptake of trypan blue dye, and a decrease in the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into DNA. In contrast, only 4 sera from normal individuals or patients with other rheumatic diseases affected cell morphology, staining, or uptake of 3H‐thymidine. Partial characterization of the cytotoxic factor indicated that it is sensitive to proteolysis by trypsin. The molecular weight of the factor was estimated to be similar to that of albumin.
The Precipitating Antibody to an Acidic Nuclear Protein Antigen, the Jo‐1, in Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Yoshida Shunji , Akizuki Masashi , Mimori Tsuneyo , Yamagat Hajime , Inada Shinichi , Homma Mitsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical significance of antibodies to the Jo‐1 antigen in connective tissue diseases was studied. Clinical diagnoses of 11 patients who had anti‐Jo‐1 antibody were: polymyositis 8, dermatomyositis 1, and overlap syndrome 2 (polymyositis‐systemic lupus erythematosus 1, polymyositis—scleroderma 1). All the patients who had anti‐Jo‐1 antibody showed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, and in 2 patients anti‐Jo‐1 antibodies were detected before the appearance of lung disease.
Natural Killer Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Egan Marianne L. , Mendelsohn Steven L. , Abo Toru , Balch Charles M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody, HNK‐1, that detects a differentiation antigen on human granular lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity was used to enumerate this subpopulation in the peripheral blood of 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nine patients had severely decreased numbers of HNK‐1+ cells, 3 patients had elevated levels of HNK‐1+ cells, and 2 patients had appropriate numbers of HNK‐1+ cells compared with the levels in 112 normal controls. All SLE patients exhibited low NK killing ability against K562 target cells compared with controls. An increased proportion of the HNK‐1+ cells was categorized as immature granular lymphocytes in over 50% of the SLE patients because their HNK‐1+ cells coexpressed the OKT3 antigen and contained a paucity of cytoplasmic granules. The numbers of HNK‐1+ cells or the HNK‐1+ OKT3+ subgroup did not correlate with steroid therapy. This evidence suggests that levels of HNK‐1+ lymphoctyes are abnormal and functionally immature in most SLE patients. Longitudinal studies conducted over several months on a number of SLE patients demonstrated fluctuations in the ratio of mature and immature HNK‐1+ cells and total HNK‐1+ cells. Additional patients tested over longer periods of time will have to be studied to determine whether the proportion of mature NK cells (HNK‐1+ OKT3‐) and immature NK cells (HNK‐1+ OKT3+) will be useful in predicting the clinical course of disease.
High Serum Beta‐2‐Microglobulin Levels and Circulating Immune Complexes Containing βm AND Anti‐βm Antibodies in Felty's Syndrome
Authors: Falus AndráS , Wiik Allan , Permin Henrik , Brandslund Ivan , Svehag Sven‐Erik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum beta‐2‐microglobulin (β2m) levels, incidence and levels of anti‐β2m autoantibodies, and quantity of circulating macromolecular complexes containing β2m were studied in patients with Felty's syndrome (FS), joint‐restricted rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls. The serum β2m concentrations detected in the FS group (6.95 ± 2.9 mg/liter) greatly exceeded those of the RA group (3.4 ± 1.2 mg/liter) and the control group (1.42 ± 0.69 mg/liter). Autoantibodies to β2m were frequent in the FS group. Circulating complexes containing β2m, prepared by precipitation in 3% polyethylene glycol, were detected in 65% of FS and 35% of RA patients. In the majority of these cases the solid‐phase Clq purified immune complexes also contained βm. Detection of anti‐β2m antibodies in a significant part of complexes containing β2m suggests the presence of specific immune complexes in this fraction of FS and RA patients.
Incidence and specificity of antibodies to types I, II, III, IV, and V collagen in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases as measured by 125i‐radioimmunoassay
Authors: Stuart John M. , Huffstutter Eugene H. , Townes Alexander S. , Kang Andrew H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to human native and denatured types I, II, III, IV, and V collagens were measured using 125I‐radioimmunoassay. Mean levels of binding by sera from 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients were significantly higher than those from 20 normal subjects against all of the collagens tested. The relative antibody concentration was higher in synovial fluid than in simultaneously obtained serum. Many patients with gout or various other rheumatic diseases also had detectable anticollagen antibodies. With a few notable exceptions, the majority of the reactivity detected in all patient groups was directed against covalent structural determinants present on all of the denatured collagens, suggesting a secondary reaction to tissue injury.
Social and economic impacts of four musculoskeletal conditions
Authors: Kramer Jane S. , Yelin Edward H. , Epstein Wallace V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study uses data from a national, community‐based survey to compare the social impact of and medical care use due to 4 musculoskeletal conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lower back pain, and tendinitis. The study also compares the impacts experienced by persons with these conditions with those experienced by a sample of persons having a broader range of musculoskeletal conditions, and by an age‐adjusted sample representing the entire U.S. population. Rheumatoid arthritis leads to the most frequent use of physician services; lower back pain results in the most hospitalizations and surgery. Rheumatoid arthritis also causes the most restriction in activity. We found that as a broad group, persons with musculoskeletal disease experience about the same amount of restriction in activity and use about the same amount of medical care as U.S. citizens as a whole. This study demonstrates that health planning on the basis of specific musculoskeletal conditions is necessary to serve the disparate needs of persons with particular, discrete conditions.
The public's perceptions and misperceptions of arthritis
Authors: Price James H. , Hillman Kathy S. , Toral Michael E. , Newell Susan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA telephone survey of a random sample of 300 respondents indicated that the respondents relied mainly on the mass media for their information about arthritis. Almost half of the respondents believed arthritis could be caused by “poor diet” or “cold, wet climates.” Furthermore, quack or unproven “treatments” for arthritis, such as bee venom (83%), vitamins (76%), copper bracelets (74%), special diets (57%), and DMSO (54%) were all supported by more than half of the respondents. However, a followup to the random survey, using only diagnosed arthritis patients as respondents, did not reveal as high a level of actual use of unproven treatments. Numerous factors were found which imply that the lay public is not as well informed about arthritis as arthritis patients are, and that sustained, community‐wide educational efforts about arthritis are greatly needed.
Immunohistologic and cytochemical studies of temporal arteritis
Authors: Banks Peter M. , Cohen Marc D. , Ginsburg William W. , Hunder Gene G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArteritic lesions from 14 patients with temporal arteritis were studied by cytochemical and immunohistochemical methods to identify the nature of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and to demonstrate immunoglobulin deposition. The infiltrating cells typically seen were histiocytes, giant cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. The lymphocytes were mainly T cells and the majority of them were of the helper/inducer (Leu‐3a) T cell subset, as indicated by monoclonal antibody reactivity. Immunoglobulin deposits on the internal elastica were identified in only 6 patients and neutrophils were either very sparse or absent. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cell‐mediated immunity may be important in the pathogenesis of temporal arteritis.