bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Spin‐Charge Conversion Mechanisms for THz Emission in Magnetic Multilayers
Authors: Zhao Yunxiu , Gayen Anabil , Huang Lin , You Xiao , Thi Nguyen Le , Mustaghfiroh Qoimatul , Rahmani Fathiya , Gaikwad Prashant Vijay , Yen Pham Duc Huyen , Shim Je‐Ho , Kim Dong Eon , Shin Hee Jun , Park Jaehun , Wan Caihua , Xiang Ou , Piao Hong‐Guang , Kim Kyung‐Ho , Bang Junhyeok , Lee Hyun Seok , Kim Kyung Wan , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltrafast control of both electric and spin currents triggered by femtosecond laser pulse has attracted much attention due to future applications for broadband THz emitter as well as high‐speed spintronic devices. Optically generated spin current is converted to charge current via multiple spin‐charge conversion mechanisms, generating THz wave emission in magnetic multilayers. However, to date, quantitative and comparative investigation of THz emission originating from spin‐charge conversion mechanisms has not yet been fully explored. Here, direct and straightforward nondestructive probing to measure THz emission is provided at original Co/Pt and Co/Ta interfaces embedded in Pt/Co/Ta multilayers with polarization analysis of both optical pump and THz emission. These results allow a fundamental understanding of various spin‐charge conversion phenomena, which is a key basis for future spintronic THz source development.
TSPYL1 as a Critical Regulator of TGFβ Signaling through Repression of TGFBR1 and TSPYL2
Authors: Tan Huiqi , Miao Mia Xinfang , Luo Rylee Xu , So Joan , Peng Lei , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Leung Eva Hin Wa , Zhu Lina , Chan Kui Ming , Cheung Martin , Chan Siu Yuen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNucleosome assembly proteins (NAPs) have been identified as histone chaperons. Testis‐Specific Protein, Y‐Encoded‐Like (TSPYL) is a newly arisen NAP family in mammals. TSPYL2 can be transcriptionally induced by DNA damage and TGFβ causing proliferation arrest. TSPYL1, another TSPYL family member, has been poorly characterized and is the only TSPYL family member known to be causal of a lethal recessive disease in humans. This study shows that TSPYL1 and TSPYL2 play an opposite role in TGFβ signaling. TSPYL1 partners with the transcription factor FOXA1 and histone methyltransferase EZH2, and at the same time represses TGFBR1 and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Depletion of TSPYL1 increases TGFBR1 expression, upregulates TGFβ signaling, and elevates the protein stability of TSPYL2. Intriguingly, TSPYL2 forms part of the SMAD2/3/4 signal transduction complex upon stimulation by TGFβ to execute the transcriptional responses. Depletion of TSPYL2 rescues the EMT phenotype of TSPYL1 knockdown in A549 lung carcinoma cells. The data demonstrates the prime role of TSPYL2 in causing the dramatic defects in TSPYL1 deficiency. An intricate counter‐balancing role of TSPYL1 and TSPYL2 in regulating TGFβ signaling is also unraveled.
Photochemically Induced Propulsion of a 4D Printed Liquid Crystal Elastomer Biomimetic Swimmer
Authors: Sartori Paolo , Yadav Rahul Singh , del Barrio Jesús , DeSimone Antonio , Sánchez‐Somolinos Carlos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderwater organisms exhibit sophisticated propulsion mechanisms, enabling them to navigate fluid environments with exceptional dexterity. Recently, substantial efforts have focused on integrating these movements into soft robots using smart shape‐changing materials, particularly by using light for their propulsion and control. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including slow response times and the need of powerful light beams to actuate the robot. This last can result in unintended sample heating and potentially necessitate tracking specific actuation spots on the swimmer. To tackle these challenges, new azobenzene‐containing photopolymerizable inks are introduced, which can be processed by extrusion printing into liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) elements of precise shape and morphology. These LCEs exhibit rapid and significant photomechanical response underwater, driven by moderate‐intensity ultraviolet (UV) and green light, being the actuation mechanism predominantly photochemical. Inspired by nature, a biomimetic four‐lapped ephyra‐like LCE swimmer is printed. The periodically illumination of the entire swimmer with moderate‐intensity UV and green light, induces synchronous lappet bending toward the light source and swimmer propulsion away from the light. The platform eliminates the need of localized laser beams and tracking systems to monitor the swimmer's motion through the fluid, making it a versatile tool for creating light‐fueled robotic LCE free‐swimmers.
Applying coal char to cattle pens for sustainable agriculture in the semiarid US High Plains
Authors: Thapa Vesh R. , Maharjan Bijesh , Wilke Karla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractApplying high carbon (C) additive to cattle pens and land application of the resultant manure mix offers a potential strategy for optimizing manure and soil management while mitigating environmental concerns. An experiment was conducted in western Nebraska from 2019 to 2022 to evaluate the effect of adding coal char (∼290 g C kg−1 by wt.) on feedlot manure's properties and stability and the interacting effect of manure‐char on crop yields in a corn (Zea mays L.)–dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)–corn rotation. Treatments in the crop field included manure from pens with or without char (each at 34 and 68 Mg ha−1; low and high rate), urea at 100% recommended nitrogen (N) rate with or without 45 Mg char ha−1, and a control. Applying char to pens kept them drier following snowfall events. The high surface area and cation exchange capacity of char improved soil and manure nutrient retention. The 100% urea‐N plus char treatment had a greater corn yield than the low‐rate char–manure mix or high‐rate manure in 2020. In 2021, there was a trend for higher bean yields with the high char–manure rate treatment than the control. In 2022, all the fertilized treatments had greater grain yields than the control. A one‐time high‐rate char–manure mix or manure application could replace 314 kg N ha−1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 over 2 years without any yield penalty. This study underscores the synergy between char and manure or chemical fertilizers to improve nutrient balance and supply, ultimately enhancing crop production.
Psychophysical, electrofunctional, and morphological evaluation in naïve neovascular AMD patients treated with intravitreal anti‐VEGF
Authors: Nebbioso Marcella , Franzone Federica , Milanese Alberto , Artico Marco , Taurone Samanta , La Cava Maurizio , Livani Maria Luisa , Bonfiglio Vincenza , Vestri Annarita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the retinal morpho‐functional characteristics of patients with neovascular wet age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal injection (IV) of aflibercept (AFL).MethodsThe study was conducted on 35 patients previously diagnosed with type 1 nAMD who received a fixed‐dosing regimen of aflibercept injections over 12 months. The goal was to assess trends in visual abilities over time by measuring visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT). The same psychophysical, electro‐functional, and morphological tests administered at baseline (T0) were repeated 4 to 8 weeks after the last aflibercept injection (Tn), resulting in a total of six examinations.ResultsAt Tn, all subjects exhibited improved VA for both far and near distances compared to values detected at T0. Similarly, VEP amplitude and latency values at Tn showed a greater P100 improvement than those observed at T0. Additionally, the CS examination at Tn demonstrated improvement, particularly at high spatial stimulation frequencies. The Tn SD‐OCT results highlighted a reduction in macular thickness compared to T0 values.ConclusionsThis exploratory research indicates that intravitreal injections of AFL, following a fixed‐dosing regimen, represent a valuable therapeutic approach for enhancing visual performance. This conclusion is supported by comprehensive statistical analysis of psychophysical, electro‐functional, and morphological examinations within the same group of patients with nAMD, as demonstrated for the first time.
Direct Observation of Polaritonic Chemistry by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Patrahau B. , Piejko M. , Mayer R. J. , Antheaume C. , Sangchai T. , Ragazzon G. , Jayachandran A. , Devaux E. , Genet C. , Moran J. , Ebbesen T. W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolaritonic chemistry is emerging as a powerful approach to modifying the properties and reactivity of molecules and materials. However, probing how the electronics and dynamics of molecular systems change under strong coupling has been challenging due to the narrow range of spectroscopic techniques that can be applied in situ. Here we develop microfluidic optical cavities for vibrational strong coupling (VSC) that are compatible with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using standard liquid NMR tubes. VSC is shown to influence the equilibrium between two conformations of a molecular balance sensitive to London dispersion forces, revealing an apparent change in the equilibrium constant under VSC. In all compounds studied, VSC does not induce detectable changes in chemical shifts, J‐couplings, or spin‐lattice relaxation times. This unexpected finding indicates that VSC does not substantially affect molecular electron density distributions, and in turn has profound implications for the possible mechanisms at play in polaritonic chemistry under VSC and suggests that the emergence of collective behavior is critical.
Scalable Preparation of Ultraselective and Highly Permeable Fully Aromatic Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes for Antibiotic Desalination
Authors: Liu Haohao , Liang Lijun , Tian Feng , Xi Xugang , Zhang Yanqin , Zhang Peng , Cao Xingzhong , Bai Yunxiang , Zhang Chunfang , Dong Liangliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMembranes are important in the pharmaceutical industry for the separation of antibiotics and salts. However, its widespread adoption has been hindered by limited control of the membrane microstructure (pore architecture and free‐volume elements), separation threshold, scalability, and operational stability. In this study, 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐methanetetrayltetrakis(benzene‐1,2‐diamine) (MTLB) as prepared as a molecular building block for fabricating thin‐film composite membranes (TFCMs) via interfacial polymerization. The relatively large molecular size and rigid molecular structure of MTLB, along with its non‐coplanar and distorted conformation, produced thin and defect‐free selective layers (~27 nm) with ideal microporosities for antibiotic desalination. These structural advantages yielded an unprecedented high performance with a water permeance of 45.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and efficient antibiotic desalination (NaCl/adriamycin selectivity of 422). We demonstrated the feasibility of the industrial scaling of the membrane into a spiral‐wound module (with an effective area of 2.0 m2). This module exhibited long‐term stability and performance that surpassed those of state‐of‐the‐art membranes used for antibiotic desalination. This study provides a scientific reference for the development of high‐performance TFCMs for water purification and desalination in the pharmaceutical industry.
Accumulation, Characterization and Reactivity of Chiral Ammonium‐Carboxonium Dications in Superacid
Authors: Berrino Emanuela , Cantin Thomas , Artault Maxime , Beck Stefanie , Jessen Christoph , Marrot Jérôme , Guégan Frédéric , Mingot Agnès , Kornath Andreas , Thibaudeau Sébastien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of chiral ammonium‐oxocarbenium dications in superacid is evidenced by low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis and confirmed by DFT calculations. Its potential for the diastereoselective remote hydrofunctionalization of non‐activated alkene is also explored.
CO Intermediate‐Assisted Dynamic Cu Sintering During Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Cu−N−C Catalysts
Authors: Qin Yanyang , Zhao Wenshan , Xia Chenfeng , Yu Li‐Juan , Song Fei , Zhang Jianrui , Wu Tiantian , Cao Rui , Ding Shujiang , Xia Bao Yu , Su Yaqiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) to multicarbon products has been widely recognized for Cu‐based catalysts. However, the structural changes in Cu‐based catalysts during the eCO2RR pose challenges to achieving an in‐depth understanding of the structure–activity relationship, thereby limiting catalyst development. Herein, we employ constant‐potential density functional theory calculations to investigate the sintering process of Cu single atoms of Cu−N−C single‐atom catalysts into clusters under eCO2RR conditions. Systematic constant‐potential ab initio molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the leaching of Cu−(CO)x moieties and subsequent agglomeration into clusters can be facilitated by synergistic adsorption of H and eCO2RR intermediates (e.g., CO). Increasing the Cu2+ concentration or the applied potential can efficiently suppress Cu sintering. Both microkinetic simulations and experimental results further confirm that sintered Cu clusters play a crucial role in generating C2 products. These findings provide significant insights into the dynamic evolution of Cu‐based catalysts and the origin of their activity toward C2 products during the eCO2RR.
Unlocking Spin Gates of Transition Metal Oxides via Strain Stimuli to Augment Potassium Ion Storage
Authors: Yao Shuyun , Ji Yingjie , Wang Shiyu , Liu Yuanming , Hou Zishan , Wang Jinrui , Gao Xueying , Fu Weijie , Nie Kaiqi , Xie Jiangzhou , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) are key in electrochemical energy storage, offering cost‐effectiveness and a broad potential window. However, their full potential is limited by poor understanding of their slow reaction kinetics and stability issues. This study diverges from conventional complex nano‐structuring, concentrating instead on spin‐related charge transfer and orbital interactions to enhance the reaction dynamics and stability of TMOs during energy storage processes. We successfully reconfigured the orbital degeneracy and spin‐dependent electronic occupancy by disrupting the symmetry of magnetic cobalt (Co) sites through straightforward strain stimuli. The key to this approach lies in the unfilled Co 3d shell, which serves as a spin‐dependent regulator for carrier transfer and orbital interactions within the reaction. We observed that the opening of these ′spin gates′ occurs during a transition from a symmetric low‐spin state to an asymmetric high‐spin state, resulting in enhanced reaction kinetics and maintained structural stability. Specifically, the spin‐rearranged Al−Co3O4 exhibited a specific capacitance of 1371 F g−1, which is 38 % higher than that of unaltered Co3O4. These results not only shed light on the spin effects in magnetic TMOs but also establish a new paradigm for designing electrochemical energy storage materials with improved efficiency.
Physicochemical characterisation and kinetic modelling of wet torrefied oil palm trunk in pyrolysis condition
Authors: Wang Yu Si , Phang Frederick Jit Fook , Soh Megan , Chew Jiuan Jing , Saptoro Agus , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver 218 million tonnes of oil palm trunks (OPT) waste is produced annually by Malaysian oil palm industry, which can be converted to biofuels via wet torrefaction. This study assessed the fuel characteristics of wet torrefied OPT (WT‐OPT) using proximate analysis, higher heating value (HHV) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). Increasing wet torrefaction temperature and residence time increased the fixed carbon content and HHV of OPT. SEM–EDX revealed the presence of microspheres of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) in OPT wet torrefied at 180 and 220°C for 72 h, an intermediate compound that can contribute to the HHV enhancement in WT‐OPT. FTIR and EDX results revealed that higher temperature and residence time concentrate the carbon content of OPT. Wet torrefaction at 180°C for 72 h decreased the activation energy and pre‐exponential factor of OPT from 301.88 to 171.70 kJ mol−1 and from 4.43 × 1028 to 3.25 × 1012 s−1, respectively, during pyrolysis. The estimated thermodynamic parameters, particularly the change in entropy which generally decreased by more than 140 J mol−1 K−1, indicated increase in stability of certain WT‐OPT.
EVA copolymer loaded with PAni/CNT/GNP hybrids: A flexible and lightweight material with high microwave absorption
Authors: Calheiros Souto Loan F. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrowave‐absorbing materials are widely used for electromagnetic interference shielding and stealth technology. However, most existing materials are heavy, rigid, and expensive, limiting their practical applications. Therefore, there is a need to develop new materials that are flexible, lightweight, and cost effective. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel ternary composite material based on polyaniline (PAni), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in an ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer matrix. PAni‐based ternary composites were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline in toluene dispersion of CNT/GNP hybrids and EVA. The microwave absorption properties were evaluated using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 8.2–18 GHz. The presence of as little as 0.8 wt% of CNT/GNP hybrid with appropriate mass ratio increased the conductivity by more than four orders of magnitude compared to the EVA@PAni blend. The minimum reflection loss corresponded to −40.55 dB at 16.31 GHz for the system containing CNT/GNP = 0.3:0.7, whereas those with CNT/GNP = 0.0:1.0 and 0.7:0.3 presented the widest effective absorption bandwidths (RL < −10 dB), covering almost the entire Ku‐band. Due to the excellent flexibility, low weight, and high microwave absorption performance, these composites are potential candidates for microwave absorption applications.
EphB2 Receptor Promotes Dermal Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Egal Erika S. A. , Kamdem Severin Donald , Yoshigi Masaaki , Yang Ching‐Chu , Pellizzari Sarah , Kameni Ernest M. , Helms My N. , Assassi Shervin , Henkemeyer Mark , Frech Tracy M. , Mimche Patrice N. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveErythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular (Eph)/Ephrin cell–cell signaling is emerging as a key player in tissue fibrogenesis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the receptor tyrosine kinase EphB2 mediates dermal fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsWe assessed normal and SSc human skin biopsies for EphB2 expression. The in vivo role of EphB2 in skin fibrosis was investigated by subjecting EphB2‐knockout mice to both bleomycin‐induced and tight skin (Tsk1/+) genetic mouse models of skin fibrosis. EphB2 kinase‐dead and overactive point mutant mice were used to evaluate the role of EphB2 forward signaling in bleomycin‐induced dermal fibrosis. In vitro studies were performed on dermal fibroblasts from patients with SSc and healthy controls, which was followed by in vivo analysis of fibroblast‐specific Ephb2‐deficient mice.ResultsExpression of EphB2 is up‐regulated in SSc skin tissue and explanted SSc dermal fibroblasts compared with healthy controls. EphB2 expression is elevated in two animal models of dermal fibrosis. In mice, EphB2 drives dermal fibrosis in both the bleomycin and the Tsk1/+ models of skin fibrosis. EphB2 forward signaling is a critical mediator of dermal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) cytokines up‐regulate EphB2 in dermal fibroblasts via noncanonical TGF‐β/mother against decapentaplegic signaling, and silencing EPHB2 in human dermal fibroblasts is sufficient to dampen TGF‐β–induced fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation. Moreover, mice with fibroblast‐specific deletion of EphB2 showed impaired fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation and reduced skin fibrosis upon bleomycin challenge.ConclusionOur data implicate TGF‐β regulation of EphB2 overexpression and kinase‐mediated forward signaling in the development of dermal fibrosis in SSc. EphB2 thus represents a potential new therapeutic target for SSc.
Synthesis and study of optical properties of a Gd3+‐doped NaYF4 phosphor for phototherapy lamp application
Authors: Bawanthade Bharti P. , Mistry Ashok A. , Ugemuge Nilesh , Chaudari Isha S. , Dhoble Sanjay J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent trends, radiation falls under the narrowband ultraviolet‐B region (305–315 nm) widely used in phototherapy lamp applications in the treatment of skin diseases. In this paper, we report a Gd3+‐doped NaYF4 luminescent material synthesized for the first time using the low‐temperature co‐precipitation method. It crystallized into a face‐centred cubic structure, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction characterization techniques and Rietveld refinement. The photoluminescence property of the as‐prepared sample shows a highly intense, sharp emission band obtained at 311 nm, which belongs to the narrowband ultraviolet‐B region and corresponds to the transition of the 6P7/2→8S7/2 level of the Gd3+ ions under 272 nm excitation (8S7/2 to 6IJ). The transitions of the Gd3+ ions are detected entirely with different concentrations of Gd3+ ions. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the average particle was 288 nm. The critical distance for energy transfer was calculated to be equal to 11.5017 Å. Dipole–dipole interaction is responsible for energy transfer, as analyzed by Dexter theory. These excellent optical characteristics, together with their highly efficient and low‐cost synthesis approach, indicate that synthesized NaYF4:Gd3+ phosphors have excessive potential for phototherapeutic lamp applications.
Detoxification of V‐Nerve Agents Assisted by a Microperoxidase: New Pathway Revealed by the Use of a Relevant VX Simulant
Authors: da Silva Valmir Baptista , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Brazzolotto Xavier , Renard Pierre‐Yves , Ricoux Rémy , Legros Julien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe biocatalyzed oxidative detoxification of the V‐series simulant PhX, by mean of the microperoxidase AcMP11, affords the corresponding phosphonothioate as the prominent product instead of the classical P−S and P−O bond cleavage. While PhX is structurally very close to the live agent VX (the methyl group is replaced by a phenyl), assessment with other surrogates missing the nucleophilic amino function displayed more resistance under the same conditions with no phosphonothioate observed. These encouraging results highlight 1) the efficacy of AcMP11 microperoxidase to efficiently detoxify V‐series organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNA), and 2) the necessity to use representative alkyl or aryl phosphonothioates simulants such as PhX bearing the appropriate side chain as well as the P−O and P−S cleavable bond to mimic accurately the V‐series OPNA to prevent false positive or false negative results.