bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐aided diagnosis in real‐time endoscopy for all stages of gastric carcinogenesis: Development and validation study
Authors: Gong Eun Jeong , Bang Chang Seok , Lee Jae Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveUsing endoscopic images, we have previously developed computer‐aided diagnosis models to predict the histopathology of gastric neoplasms. However, no model that categorizes every stage of gastric carcinogenesis has been published. In this study, a deep‐learning‐based diagnosis model was developed and validated to automatically classify all stages of gastric carcinogenesis, including atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, in endoscopy images.DesignA total of 18,701 endoscopic images were collected retrospectively and randomly divided into train, validation, and internal‐test datasets in an 8:1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was lesion‐classification accuracy in six categories: normal/atrophy/intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia/early /advanced gastric cancer. External‐validation of performance in the established model used 1427 novel images from other institutions that were not used in training, validation, or internal‐tests.ResultsThe internal‐test lesion‐classification accuracy was 91.2% (95% confidence interval: 89.9%–92.5%). For performance validation, the established model achieved an accuracy of 82.3% (80.3%–84.3%). The external‐test per‐class receiver operating characteristic in the diagnosis of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia was 93.4 ± 0% and 91.3 ± 0%, respectively.ConclusionsThe established model demonstrated high performance in the diagnosis of preneoplastic lesions (atrophy and intestinal metaplasia) as well as gastric neoplasms.
Development of cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate/silver nanoparticle electrospun mats for antibacterial wound dressing
Authors: Samatya Yılmaz Sema , Aytac Ayse 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, nanofibers were produced by the electrospinning method by adding 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate (60/40, w/w) mixture. Electrospun materials were cross‐linked by immersion in a glutaraldehyde bath. Thus, antibacterial wound dressings that could be used on exuding wounds were developed. According to the scanning electron microscopy images of nanofibers, the cross‐linking process by immersion method did not cause negative effects such as breakage or adhesion on the surface of fibers. The cross‐linking of nanofibers was demonstrated by the presence of acetal linkages by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The cross‐linking process significantly improved the thermal properties of the nanofibers. The lowest crystallinity calculated in the differential scanning calorimeter was observed in the 3% Ag NP‐added nanofiber with a value of 1.83%. It exhibited the lowest total soluble matter content with a value of 11.98% owing to its high cross‐linking density. In addition, the 3% Ag NP‐added nanofiber, which had the highest toughness and ductility, displayed the highest tensile stress with 3.5 MPa and the highest tensile strain with 7.53%. Moreover, it showed 78.11% cell viability on the L929 fibroblast cell line at the end of the 24th hour. It was indicated that although the electrospun mats maintained 100% antibacterial effectiveness, they could not be used as a wound dressing for 48 h. It was reported that only 3% Ag NP‐added nanofiber could be used as a 100% effective antibacterial wound dressing for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus provided that it was renewed every 24 h. Consequently, it was notified that cross‐linking by the immersion method can be used in biomedical applications.Highlights
The antibacterial effects of Ag NP‐doped PVA/NaCAS electrospun mats were significant.
The cross‐linking process did not induce toxic effects some of the nanofibers.
High cross‐linking density was observed in the nanofibers.
The swelling property of nanofibers is a good feature required in an ideal wound dressing.
Heat transfer analysis of MHD oscillatory SWCNT/MWCNT‐H2O hybrid nanofluid flow in a channel
Authors: Malviya Kirti , Bannihalli Naganagowda Hanumagowda , Kalluhole Matada Pavithra , Varma Sibbyala Vijay Kumar , Raju Chakravarthula S K , Sharma Rohit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegulating the thermal conductivity of the fluid in various heat exchange systems plays an important role. In this regard, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their higher thermal conductivity, can enhance the heat transfer potential. The main objective of the present study is to explore the impact of suction and injection on the oscillatory flow of CNT‐based hybrid nanofluid through a channel under the influence of the magnetic field for analysing heat transfer perspectives. While developing a mathematical model of the problem, we also considered other relevant elements, such as thermal radiation for optically thin fluids and porous mediums. The behaviour of a water‐SWCNT + MWCNT hybrid nanofluid is studied concerning the volume fraction of CNTs. The governing flow equations have been solved to obtain the correct solutions for the distribution of velocities and temperatures. Graphs and tables are used to assess the impact of relevant parameters on the flow and derived quantities. Adding CNTs to a fluid reduces its temperature and velocity, making it ideal for cooling systems. However, plates exhibit a maximum heat transfer of 35.35% and 25.35%, respectively, for and . The magnetic and constant pressure parameters greatly diminish the fluid's velocity, while the thermal buoyancy forces strengthen the flow. The effectiveness of the current study is confirmed by comparing its results to those from previous investigations.
“Man, Secluded from the Company of Women, Is… a Dangerous Animal to Society”: The History of Women in Scotland’s Enlightenment
Authors: Sebastiani Silvia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on a new genre of history-writing that began to take shape in eighteenth-century Europe: the history of women. By concentrating on Scotland’s Enlightenment, it examines how women’s history emerged as an important but ambiguous chapter of the history of civilisation, while also being embedded in natural history. The relationship between natural history and the history of civilisation is central to understanding the new focus on women, both as bearers of the species and as agents of culture. Female reproductive labour, enabling population growth, was considered indispensable to the development of human societies, while the improvement of women’s status was deemed a key barometer of social progress. Scottish historians sketched a differentiated and unequal geography of civilisation on a global scale and within Europe, measured by the condition of women: according to this logic, they placed Spain on the margins of European development. Yet the most “civilised” regions were also regarded as unstable and insecure—largely due to women’s influence. Natural feminine characteristics which had allowed the whole of humanity to progress could also lead to the collapse of advanced societies. The revaluation of women had its downside in the Scottish Enlightenment, ultimately setting the limits of civilisation.
Language, Gender and Authority in the Letters of Isabelle de Charrière
Authors: Jaques Amélie , Vanacker Beatrijs 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDuring the eighteenth century, more women than before succeeded in finding a voice of their own and in exercising intellectual or literary authority. Letters proved an ideal environment for them to explore, shape and justify their intellectual and authorial self. Women’s letters gave, moreover, clear evidence of their interest in multilingualism, because early modern women found themselves at the crossroads of languages due to their active participation in transcultural intellectual networks and their contribution to cultural transfers. In this essay we examine to what extent multilingualism served a strategic purpose in the letters of eighteenth-century women writers: how did multilingualism inform their intellectual and authorial identity formation and representation? To that end, we will explore the dynamic interplay between language, gender and intellectual authority, in the letters of Isabelle de Charrière (1740–1805), a Dutch and Swiss woman writer who was raised and educated in the so-called lingua franca of the Republic of Letters. Our analysis sheds new light upon the way in which Enlightenment women writers, such as Charrière, actively (re)shaped their intellectual and authorial identity. It also contributes a fresh perspective to the growing scholarly interest in the transcultural and multilingual dimensions of early modern women’s lives and works.
Ein neues Forschungsfeld? Zum Stand der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des Politikfelds Kultur und von Immateriellem Kulturerbe in Deutschland
Authors: Hanke Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungUm die Ziele dieser Arbeit zu erreichen und Antworten auf die Forschungsfragen zu finden, genügt es nicht, sich mit konkreten Fallbeispielen von als Immaterielles Kulturerbe anerkannten Kulturformen in Deutschland zu beschäftigen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird daher der Ansatz einer systematischen Bearbeitung der Thematik mit den Methoden der Politikfeldanalyse, eine analytische Befassung mit der Kulturpolitik in Deutschland und eine wissenschaftliche Aufarbeitung der UNESCO-Konvention im internationalen und insbesondere im nationalen Rahmen, verfolgt. Ein Blick in den Stand der Forschung zu diesen Themen ergibt zunächst, dass zur Umsetzung der UNESCO-Konvention kaum Arbeiten aus einer rein politikwissenschaftlichen Betrachtung bzw. Analyse vorliegen. Zur deutschen Umsetzung gibt es nach aktuellem Kenntnisstand bisher keine Untersuchung.
Kulturpolitik und ihre Spezifika in Deutschland
Authors: Hanke Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungEine allgemeinverbindliche Definition des Begriffs Kulturpolitik gibt es nicht. Samt seinen Gegenständen und gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen befindet sich der Begriff in permanenter Veränderung (vgl. Schwencke 2009: 11). Im internationalen Vergleich weitgehend gebräuchlich ist es – geradezu verblüffend pragmatisch – all das als Kulturpolitik zu bezeichnen, was im Rahmen der jeweiligen Staatstätigkeit unter Kulturpolitik verstanden wird (vgl. Mulcahy 2017: vii, xiii sowie Wolf-Csanady 1996: 60 f.).
Immaterielles Kulturerbe. Vom Konzept zur Konvention
Authors: Hanke Benjamin 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungImmaterielles Kulturerbe ist von Mensch zu Mensch, von Generation zu Generation, von „Könnenden“ zu „Lernenden“, weitergegebenes Wissen und Können. In eben diesem Sinne handelt es sich um eine kulturelle Ausdrucksform im Geiste der Definition der Abschlusserklärung der MONDIACULT-Konferenz von Mexiko-Stadt im Jahre 1982. Charakteristisch ist, dass Immaterielles Kulturerbe an den Menschen, häufig an Gruppen bzw. Gemeinschaften von Menschen, gebunden und damit deutlich weniger „fassbar“ als materielles Kulturgut ist.
Gender, Islam and Sexuality in Contemporary Indonesia: An Overview
Authors: Arnez Monika 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the aim of this book, which is to explore how gender, Islam, and sexuality are navigated in contemporary Indonesia. Taking the regulatory zeal that has manifested in legal interventions since the era reformasi (era of reforms) as the point of departure, it proceeds to present the book’s three main thematic parts: Sexuality and Violence, Halal lifestyle, and Shame and Self-determination. Moreover, it provides the theoretical framework for the contributions to this book in three domains: Criminalisation and Care, Modestyand Commodification, and the Janda and Shame. It introduces the chapters of this volume that mainly draw on various cultural productions, narratives, films, online apps, commercials, and YouTube videos as research material.
Advocating for Change: Cultural and Institutional Factors of Sexual Violence in Indonesia
Authors: Arnez Monika , Nisa Eva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen a disturbing surge in media reports of sexual violence in Indonesia. Notably, in June 2021, news emerged of Herry Wirawan, a teacher and owner of the Madani religious boarding school in Bandung, West Java, who had perpetrated heinous acts of sexual violence. This chapter examines how cultural and institutional factors in Indonesia have reinforced sexual violence from the perspective of advocates and supporters of the Sexual Violence Bill (UU TPKS) and how they advocate for change. The activists and ulama we zoom in on are from Komnas Perempuan (Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan) National Commission on Violence against Women), KPAI (Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia; Indonesian Child Protection Commission), the Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network (SAFEnet), KPI (Koalisi PerempuanIndonesia, Indonesian Women’s Coalition) and KUPI (Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia, Congress of Indonesian Gender-Just Ulama). Within the broader global discourse on this issue, we introduce the concept of ‘the opacity of secluded spaces’ to capture the tendency of some institutions to facilitate and sustain spatially and ideologically closed systems to which the outside world has minimal access. This concept encapsulates the lack of transparency and the tangible nature of events within physically segregated spaces, particularly in religious schools, where unequal gender and asymmetrical power relations can fuel sexual violence. We argue that the interplay of violence and gender, the opacity of secluded spaces, unequal gender dynamics, asymmetrical power relations, and a lack of oversight all significantly contribute to the perpetuation of sexual violence in such institutions. Methodologically, our analysis draws from discussions with ten activists andulama, as well as an examination of documents coded using the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA, including legal documents, news articles, and reports.
Criminalisation and Care: Indonesian Muslim Mass Organisations’ Perspectives on LGBT People
Authors: Kholid Anwar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the attitudes of Muhammadiyahand Nahdlatul Ulamatoward LGBT people who have been facing growing hostility from the country’s predominantly Muslim society since 2016. My analysis draws on insights from the discourse of criminalisationand care that has characterized the debate over sexual and gender minorities in Indonesia. This chapter, drawing on interviews and desktop research, demonstrates that the Muslim mass organisations Muhammadiyahand Nahdlatul Ulama display ambivalent attitudes between criminalisationand caretowards LGBT people. Focusing on Muhammadiyah and their autonomous women’s organisation Aisyiyah it argues that the organisations` leaders at the national level are more inclined to criminalise sexual and gender minorities, while at the regional level they are more likely to practice care for minorities, through equal cooperation and interpersonal relations. One reason for this difference is the distance or proximity to the people concerned. Those in charge at the national level are far away from the grassroots, while those at the regional level work more closely with the people.
Can Kartini Be Lesbian? Identity, Gender, and Sexual Orientation in a Post-Suharto Pop Novel
Authors: Wieringa Edwin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe British author Martin Amis once remarked that “the way a writer names his characters provides a good index to the way he sees the world—to his reality-level, his responsiveness to the accidental humour and freakish poetry of life” (Amis Amis, The moronic inferno and other visits to America, Penguin, London, 1987, p. 13). If this is so, what, then, does the choice of the name Kartini for the protagonist in the 2007 pop novel Kembang Kertas (Paper Flowers) by the Indonesian woman writer Eni Martini with the provocative subtitle Ijinkan aku menjadi lesbian (Allow me to be lesbian) tell us about the way she appropriates the iconic feministfigure of Kartini who lived from 1879 to 1904? This essay explores how the Kartini image as a model of the ideal Indonesian woman is creatively refigured in this 21st-century expression of Indonesian popular culture and how the new post-colonial avatar is deployed to address problematics of gender, shame, and sexual orientation. The question arises as to the analogy between the emblematic Kartini, revered in Indonesia as the epitome of perfect heterosexual femininity, and the new-fangled Kartini figure in fictional form.
Torsional constitutive relations at finite temperature
Authors: Valle Manuel , Vázquez-Mozo Miguel Á. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The general form of the linear torsional constitutive relations at finite temperature of the chiral current, energy-momentum tensor, and spin energy potential are computed for a chiral fermion fluid minimally coupled to geometric torsion and with nonzero chiral chemical potential. The corresponding transport coefficients are explicitly calculated in terms of the energy and number densities evaluated at vanishing torsion. A microscopic calculation of these constitutive relations in some particular backgrounds is also presented, confirming the general structure found.
Development and validation of a multiplex real-time PCR method for screening genetically modified plants
Authors: Weidner Christopher , Köppel René , Freyer Regina , Richl Petra , Lieske Kathrin , Mankertz Joachim , Waiblinger Hans-Ulrich 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe diversity of genetically modified plants used for food and feed is increasing worldwide. For the detection and control of these products, efficient and reliable analytical tools are a prerequisite. This can be done by screening for specific DNA-elements and constructs characteristic of transgenic plants. In the past, numerous methods have already been published. However, several genetically modified plants are not covered by common screening methods. Here, a new qualitative triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method is presented, detecting two transgene flanking sequences and the transition between the Cassava Vein Mosaic Virus Promotor (P-CsVMV) and the phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene. These sequences are present in several transgenic plants and therefore, the described triplex method can be used as a screening tool to guide further analysis and increase the efficiency of the analysis strategy for GMO detection. The method is characterized by high specificity, sensitivity and robustness and is provided as a ring-trial validated method in the Official Collection of Methods according to the German Food and Feed Act.
Plane Polynomials and Hamiltonian Vector Fields Determined by Their Singular Points
Authors: Arredondo John A. , Muciño-Raymundo Jesús 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLet $$\Sigma (f)$$

Σ
(
f
)

be the singular points of a polynomial $$f \in \mathbb {K}[x,y]$$

f
∈
K
[
x
,
y
]

in the plane $$\mathbb {K}^2$$

K

2

, where $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
is $$\mathbb {R}$$
R
or $$\mathbb {C}$$
C
. Our goal is to study the singular point map $$\mathfrak {S}_d$$

S
d

, it sends polynomials f of degree d to their singular points $$\Sigma (f)$$

Σ
(
f
)

. Very roughly speaking, a polynomial f is essentially determined when any other g sharing the singular points of f satisfies that $$f = \lambda g$$

f
=
λ
g

; here both are polynomials of degree d, $$\lambda \in \mathbb {K}^* $$

λ
∈

K

∗

. In order to describe the degree d essentially determined polynomials, a computation of the required number of isolated singular points $$\delta (d)$$

δ
(
d
)

is provided. A dichotomy appears for the values of $$\delta (d)$$

δ
(
d
)

; depending on a certain parity, the space of essentially determined polynomials is an open or closed Zariski set. We compute the map $$\mathfrak {S}_{3}$$

S
3

, describing under what conditions a configuration of 4 points leads to a degree 3 essentially determined polynomial. Furthermore, we describe explicitly configurations supporting degree 3 non essential determined polynomials. The quotient space of essentially determined polynomials of degree 3 up to the action of the affine group $$\hbox { Aff}\hspace{1.42271pt}(\mathbb {K}^2)$$

Aff

(

K

2

)

determines a singular $$\mathbb {K}$$
K
-analytic surface.
Management of patients with proximal femur fractures under DOACs
Authors: Maegele Marc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In the past, preinjury direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) intake has led to delays in time to surgery (TTS) in patients with proximal femur fractures and delays in surgery have been associated with impaired outcomes. Although healthcare institutions/federal committees have set rules for treatment within 24 h of injury, comprehensive guidelines for the perioperative management of these patients, in particular when on preinjury DOACs, are still lacking. This contribution aims to summarize the current evidence on the safe time window for surgery in patients with proximal femur fractures on preinjury DOACs and to outline therapeutic options if emergency DOAC reversal becomes necessary.

Methods
Narrative review based upon selective review of the pertinent literature.

Results
For the majority of patients with proximal femur fractures and on preinjury DOACs, early surgery appears safe as soon as medical clearance has been obtained. There may be an increase in the need for blood products but with data not yet conclusive. Work-up including assessment of remaining anticoagulant activity and potential reversal should be restricted to patients at risk for bleeding complications, in particular in the presence of renal/hepatic impairment. Methodology for rapid assessment of DOACs including quantitative/qualitative concentration levels is work in progress. In the case of bleeding, rapidly acting reversal agents are available.

Conclusion
Preinjury DOAC use should not routinely delay surgery in patients with proximal femur fractures.
Comparative life cycle assessment of aluminium and CFRP composites: the case of aerospace manufacturing
Authors: Atescan-Yuksek Yagmur , Mills Andrew , Ayre David , Koziol Krzysztof , Salonitis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs climate change intensifies and existing resources are depleted, the need for sustainable industries becomes more important. The aviation industry is actively addressing environmental concerns by enhancing fuel efficiency and adopting lighter materials, especially carbon fibre composites. Research has proven that the use of carbon fibre composites provides cumulative benefits in reducing fuel consumption over the entire life cycle of an aircraft. However, existing studies are lack of a comprehensive exploration of the diverse impacts associated with composite manufacturing processes and recycling methods. To address this gap, a comparative life cycle assessment analysis covering the materials’ manufacturing, operation, and end-of-life phases is conducted. This analysis includes aluminium alloy and five different carbon fibre composite materials produced with varied constituents and manufacturing methods. Composite manufacturing processes, encompassing carbon fibre production, resin selection, and composite manufacturing methods, are considered. Weight savings based on the mechanical properties of utilised composite type are also taken into account. Results highlight the potential to mitigate the environmental impact of composite materials through strategic choices in constituent types, manufacturing processes, and disposal scenarios. Moreover, break-even distances indicate that aluminium becomes more environmentally detrimental than the analysed composite structures beyond a flight distance of 300,000 km.