bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Wirkung von ausgefaultem Klärschlamm auf den Stoffwechsel 3jähriger Fichten und Kiefern
Authors: Aguinagalde Itziar , Hüser R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn einem Gefäßversuch mit 3jährigen Fichten und Kiefern führte die Faulschlammeinmischung (4 % TS) in einem Sandboden zu vermindertem Wuchs und verminderter Substanzproduktion. Erhöht wurden in den neugebildeten Nadeln die Gehalte an N, Ca, Mg, Zn, bei hoher Schlammgabe auch an P, während die Manganwerte abnahmen, bei der Fichte auch die K‐Gehalte. Im Stoffwechsel war deutlich eine verstärkte N‐Deponie in Form von Arginin meßbar. Die Produktion von organischen Säuren und in weiterer Folge die Biosynthese von Polyhydroxyphenolen wurde gebremst. Letale Wirkungen waren hieraus nicht abzulesen. Sie sind eher im Wasserhaushalt der Pflanzen, d. h. in Ionenwirkungen zu suchen. Hierfür spricht die auffallend starke Verengung des K/Ca‐Verhältnisses bei sehr hohen Ca‐und niedrigen K‐Gehalten sowie die Anreicherung von Prolin. Die Fichte reagierte auf die vermehrt angebotenen Nährelemente mit stärkerer Aufnahme als die Kiefer. Die Kiefer andererseits vertrug die Schlammzufuhr schlechter, so daß auch bei geringerer Klärschlammgabe schon Pflanzen abstarben.
Der Einfluß der Stickstofform (NH4 oder NO3) auf das Auftreten von Blattpunktnekrosen bei Lagerkohl
Authors: Gysi Ch. , Stoll K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn einem dreijährigem Feldversuch wurde der Einfluß der Stickstoffmenge und ‐form auf das Wachstum von Lagerkohl, einige Inhaltsstoffe und auf das Auftreten von Blattpunktnekrosen untersucht. Ammoniumsulfat förderte im Vergleich zu Natriumnitrat das Auftreten der Blattpunktnekrosen, die Verfügbarkeit von K, Ca und Mg im Boden und damit den Gehalt dieser Kationen in der Pflanze. Verstärktes Auftreten von Blattpunktnekrosen war‐entgegen den meisten bisher veröffentlichten Untersuchungen‐mit einem zunehmenden K‐und Ca‐Gehalt in Kohl assoziiert. Die Übertragbarkeit von Resultaten aus Versuchen mit Nährlösungen auf Feldbedingungen wird diskutiert. Zur Vermeidung von Blattpunktnekrosen werden Maßnahmen empfohlen, die ein übermäßiges Wachstum der Pflanzen verhindern.
Ermittlung von Zink‐Ertragsgrenzwerten für Hafer und Weizen
Authors: Franck E. V. , Finck A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDer notwendige Zn‐Bedarf von Hafer und Weizen wird in Wasserkulturversuchen ermittelt. Die Zn‐Gehalte der Sprosse bei Schoßbeginn korrelieren gut mit den Kornerträgen (r2 etwa 80 %) und sind damit ein geeignetes Maß zur Kennzeichnung der Zn‐Versorgung. Der für den Höchstertrag erforderliche Zn‐Gehalt (Ertragsgrenzwert) beträgt bei Schoßbeginn 25 ppm in der Trockensubstanz. Aus einer Feld‐Erhebungsuntersuchung (290 Standorte aus Schleswig‐Holstein) wird ein notwendiger Zn‐Gehalt in gleicher Höhe abgeleitet. Durch die Steigerung der Gehalte anderer Nährelemente kann kein nennenswerter Einfluß auf den Zn‐Ertragsgrenzwert festgestellt werden.
Nodulation, growth and yield of soybeans as affected by paddy straw application to soil
Authors: Shivashankar K. , Shantaram M. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe application of paddy straw to soil improved the yield of soybeans significantly in a light‐textured red sandy loam soil with a pH of 5.6. Whereas the nodulation was unaffected in the crop grown under rainfed conditions it was improved in the irrigated summer crop of soybeans. Grain yield was significantly increased in treatment receiving straw at 3 t/ha. Addition of dung slurry as a source of inoculum for straw decomposition or a second inoculation of plants with Rhizobium failed to affect nodulation and yield of soybeans.
Selenium Distribution, Chemical Fractionation and Adsorption in some Egyptian Alluvial and Lacustrine Soils
Authors: Elsokkary I. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐five soil samples representing Egyptian alluvial and lacustrine soils were chemically analyzed for total Se which was found to vary from 0.18 to 0.85 ppm with an average of 0.45 ppm. These levels are positively correlated with organic matter, total carbonate and clay content of the soils. Minimum variation of total Se with soil depth was found.The chemical fractionation of soil Se, expressed as percent of the total, indicates that on the average about 25.4 % exists in 0.2 M K2SO4‐extractable form, 18.5 % is extracted with 0.5 N NH4OH, 9.7 % as 6 N HCl‐extractable form and 13.8 % as extractable with 9 N HNO3. Amounts of K2SO4‐Se and HNO3‐Se in soils correlated significantly with soil organic matter, total carbonate, free iron oxide and clay content. The NH4OH‐Se and HCl‐Se fractions correlated significantly only with organic matter and clay content. There is also significant correlation between total Se and the studied Se fractions.Specific adsorption of Se by soils was low as expressed by the Langmiur adsorption maximum values. The high soil pH has a reducing effect on Se adsorption.
The Effect of Field Strength on the quantity of K desorbed from Soils by Electro‐Ultrafiltration
Authors: Grimme H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOnly halftime (a measure of desorption rate) was found to vary with field strength. The quantities which were actually desorbed within a given time were, of course, also dependant on field strength because of the change of desorption rate with field strength. The theoretical desorption maximum, however, as obtained from extrapolating the cumulative desorption curve, remained unaffected.The desorption maximum was always equal or close to the exchangeable K content. No fractionation of exchangeable K was possible by applying different field strengths. The sum of desorbed + residual exchangeable K approximated closely the exchangeable K content. Thus there was no evidence of a significant release of non‐exchangeable K. It was concluded that there is no corrosive attack on the clay mineral structure during the EUF extraction procedure.
The distribution of copper and soluble carbohydrates in wheat plants grown at high and low levels of copper supply
Authors: Graham Robin D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWheat plants were grown at a high and a low level of copper nutrition in deep pots of sandy soil in a glasshouse. Pots were harvested in duplicate every two weeks for five months and plant parts were analysed for soluble carbohydrates and copper.The hypothesis that copper‐deficient plants failed to set grain because concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were too low for grain development could not be sustained by these results, which thereby supported an alternative hypothesis of grain failure owing to pollen sterility. Changes in concentrations of copper and of soluble carbohydrates were not in parallel but often opposing. Retranslocation of copper in relation to changes in relative dry weight of plant parts is discussed.
Interactions of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus bovis with soil clay surfaces as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Guy Esmé M. , Theng B. K. G. , Walker G. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe attachment of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus bovis of bovine faecal origin to soil clay particles has been examined using scanning electron microscopy. Both organisms produce extracellular polymers through which the cells form bridges to clay surfaces. Differences in the extent of cell‐to‐particle bridging between E. coli‐and S. bovis‐soil complexes are explained in terms of the charge characteristics of the cells and the properties of the exopolymers.
Durchwurzelungsvergleich zwischen Fettwiese und angrenzender Brachwiese
Authors: Gass P. , Oertli J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIm Rahmen einer Untersuchung über Pflanzensukzession und Bodenentwicklung auf ehemals landwirtschaftlich genutztem Grünland wird die Durchwurzelung einer Fettwiese (Arrhenatheretum) mit einer angrenzenden Brachypodium pinnatum‐reichen Brachengesellschaft verglichen. (Die landwirtschaftliche Bewirtschaftung der Brachwiese wurde vor ca. 15 Jahren aufgegeben.) Dabei wird die Wurzellänge nach der von Newman (1966) und Evans (1970) entwickelten Schnittpunktmethode bestimmt, zudem werden Wurzeloberfläche und Wurzelvolumen berechnet. Beide Standorte unterscheiden sich in Länge und Oberfläche der Wurzeln in den obersten 5 cm des Bodenprofils nicht wesentlich, in der Wiese nehmen jedoch die Werte nach unten viel schneller ab. Beide Durchwurzelungsprofile weisen eine exponentielle Abnahme mit der Tiefe auf. Das größere Wurzelsystem und die ausgeprägte Rhizombildung von Brachypodium pinnatum bewirken eine beträchtliche Zunahme des Wurzel‐und Rhizomvolumens von der Fettwiese zur Brachwiese. Weitere Aspekte der unterschiedlichen Durchwurzelung beider Standorte werden diskutiert und die Meßwerte mit Literaturwerten verglichen.
Role of Some Agricultural and Industrial By‐products in Modifying Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Gupta U. S. , Gupta Ram K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a pot culture study, saw dust, vermiculite, lignite, magnesium oxide, wheat straw, paddy shell, ground nut shell and farm yard manure (FYM) were incorporated in to wet sandy loam and clay soils at the rate of 30 g/kg. Relative changes in soil structure and moisture retention were evaluated at the end of 160 day incubation period. All the amendments except vermiculite, ground nut shell and FYM in sandy loam soil and except vermiculite, lignite, magnesium oxide in clay soil significantly increased MWD and aggregates > 1 mm. Structural index was significantly improved by all the amendments except vermiculite and FYM in sandy loam and vermiculite and magnesium oxide in clay soil. Moisture retention and release in clay soil in the wet range (0 to 0.33 bar) were considerably increased by soil amendments except magnesium oxide, vermiculite and lignite. Almost all the amendments significantly increased moisture retention in the wet range in sandy loam soil. However, moisture release at 50 mbar was reduced only by wheat straw in sandy loam soil.
Manganese Mobility in Egyptian Soils as affected by Inoculation with Manganese Reducing Organisms
Authors: Gomah A. M. , Soliman M. S. Awad , Abdel‐Ghaffar A. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe capacity of three active Mn(IV)‐reducing isolates to dissolve Mn in sterilized samples of two Egyptian soils and a pure sand enriched with MnO2 were studied. These isolates were identified as Penicillium variable (P. v.), Aspergillus niger (A. n.) and Streptomyces exfoliatus (S. e.).The data indicated that inoculation with the fungi and actinomycete mentioned increased the soil contents of water soluble + exchangeable manganese (Mnws+ex) but decreased the easily reducible form (Mner). The increase in Mn‐mobility depended on soil type, organism used and time of incubation. The maximum level of Mnws+ex appeared after 14 days in the 3 soil samples. The release of Mn (II) ranged from 19.6 to 49.4 ppm in the sand samples, from 34.8 to 53.3 ppm in samples of a clay loam soil and from 9.9 to 19.8 ppm in samples of a calcareous sandy loam soil. The increase in Mnws+ex was at the expense of Mner but not in stochiometric amounts. The organisms tested can be ranked according to their capacity to reduce MnO2 in the following order (for all soils) Streptomyces exfoliatus > Aspergillus niger > Penicillium variable.Statistical analysis of the data revealed significant differences due to inoculation, soil type, incubation time and their interactions.
Effect of peroxidation on soil electrochemical properties
Authors: Sequi P. , Aringhieri R. , Pardini G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment with hydrogen peroxide to destroy the organic matter shifts the surface charge towards positive values. This is in agreement with the suggestion that per oxidation produces artefacts in the soil residues, since metals released from organic matter precipitate as hydroxide coating and produce positively charged surfaces. In the presence of 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate, treatment with hydrogen peroxide always shifts the surface charge towards negative values, notwithstanding the removal of the electronegative organic components. It is suggested that the bulk of electropositive iron and aluminium oxides in soil are associated with the organic matter and removed by the treatment, so that permanent negative charges of clay minerals dominate in soil residue.
Influence of soil moisture, soil compaction and K fertilization on maize (Zea mays L.) grown on Iwo Soil
Authors: Aina P. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the performance of maize (Zea mays L.) on Iwo Soil in relation to different levels of soil moisture, soil compaction and K fertilization.Reductions in dry matter yields of maize were closely associated with soil moisture stress and compaction. There was significant interaction between soil moisture and bulk density, with highest yields occurring at 17% and 21% soil moisture levels for 1.6 and 1.2 g/cm3 bulk densities, respectively. Moisture stress and compaction resulted in greater reductions in the yield of roots than that of shoot. Yield and K uptake were more adversely affected by compaction compared to soil moisture stress. Addition of K increased yield and plant K content but the 60 ppm and 120 ppm rates were not significantly different in terms of improving crop performance. Implications of the results relative to long‐term management of Iwo Soil are discussed.
Phaeozem in einigen trockenen Alpentälern der Schweiz
Authors: Frei Erwin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDer Begriff des Phaeozems wurde im Zusammenhang mit der Weltbodenkarte der FAO‐Unesco eingeführt. Kennzeichnend für diesen Boden ist der diagnostische Mullhorizont, der nach Gefüge, Farbe, Gehalt an Kalziumionen und organischem Kohlenstoff, sowie nach Mächtigkeit usw. gewisse Anforderungen zu erfüllen hat.In den regenarmen Tälern der Schweizeralpen, zwischen etwa 600m und 1700m ü.M. kommen Phaeozeme vor. In jeder Talschaft richtet sich die Höhenstufe des Vorkommens innerhalb dieser Grenze nach den lokalen klimatischen, geologischen und geomorphologischen Verhältnissen. Voraussetzung für die Entstehung von Phaeozemen in der Schweiz ist ein kontinental getöntes Klima mit warmen, ziemlich trockenen Sommern und kalten Wintern, sowie ein gemischtes Muttergestein, glazialer, fluvialer oder kolluvialer Herkunft. Die in den Alpentälern seit der Eiszeit wirkenden Hangenergien verhinderten oft eine ungestörte Bodenbildung, weshalb gut entwickelte Phaeozem‐profile nicht häufig sind.
Effect of phosphate application on phytin‐phosphorus and other phosphate fractions in developing wheat grains
Authors: Michael B. , Zink F. , Lantzsch H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDeveloping grains were harvested from wheat plants grown in pots which had received additional late P‐fertilizer applications. By sequential extraction of milled grain samples of different developmental stages total P (Ptot) and the P‐fractions lipid‐P (Plip), phytin‐P (Pphy), inorganic and soluble ester‐P (Pi+e) and residual‐P (Pres) were determined.‐Due to the late P‐application, grain yield, Ptot, and Pphy content of ripe grains were increased by 14%, 58%, and 80% respectively, compared to the control. 93 % of the P which accumulated additionally in the grains as a result of the late P‐application, were found to be Pphy.‐During grain development the amounts of Ptot and Pphy per 1000 kernels increased steeply whereas those of Plip and Pres were not significantly affected by the stage of grain development or by the rate of P‐application. Pi+e increased during the first stages of grain development but subsequently decreased towards nearly the same low level regardless of the treatment.‐The increased phytin concentration in the ripe grains resulted in a decreased zinc bioavailability as was indicated by feeding experiments with growing male rats.
Diagnosis of zinc deficiency in cotton
Authors: Ghoneim M. F. , Bussler W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of Zn deficiency in cotton by means of total analysis or the appearance of deficiency symptoms is unsatisfactory. In order to obtain a better understanding of the development of Zn deficiency symptoms in relation to Zn content cotton plants were cultivated in waterculture under reproducible environmental conditions and Zn deficiency induced by different means.It was observed that deficiency symptoms developed equally, regardless of the inducing factors such as low Zn in the nutrient solution, high nutrient solution pH, high Ca and high Fe supply. High amounts of P in the nutrient solution did not induce Zn deficiency symptoms. Zn deficiency symptoms appeared first as interveinal chlorosis in the medium‐aged leaves. The internodes remained short. Later red spots appeared on the leaf blades. The leaves suffering from deficiency were thicker because of enlarged palisade cells.The total Zn content of the leaves did not correlate with the symptoms. Different fractions of the Zn in the leaf (extractable with water, NaCl solution, hydrochloric acid) gave no better results. The analytically determined and calculated Zn fractions are discussed in relation to Zn deficiency inducing conditions.
Das Verhalten von Phosphat in eisenoxidreichen Kalkgleyen der Münchener Schotterebene
Authors: Schwertmann U. , Schieck E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEisenoxid‐und humusreiche Kalkgleye der Münchener Schotterebene zeigen Phosphatmangel, besonders bei Mais. Der Umfang der Phosphatsorption steigt mit zunehmendem Fe‐Oxid‐Gehalt und hat eine sehr starke Langzeitkomponente, bei der log (P‐Gleichgewichtskonzentration) mit log (Zeit) linear korreliert ist. Das Fe‐Oxid dieser Böden ist ein Goethit, der aus Nadeln von ca. 50 nm Länge und 5 nm Breite besteht und eine Oberfläche von ca. 100 m2/g hat. An ihr werden in Gegenwart von Calcit etwa 2μmol P/m2 sorbiert. Die P‐Sorption in verschiedenen Elektrolyten folgte der Reihe 0.003 M CaCl2 > 0.009 M KCl > H2O.
Retention of sulphate by an acid brown earth and its relationship with the atmospheric input of sulphur to forest vegetation
Authors: Meiwes K. J. , Khanna P. K. , Ulrich B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn soil samples of an acid brown earth the sulphate retention was studied as a function of sulphate concentration and pH of the soil solution. The soil under two forest covers (spruce and beech), has. shown distinct variation in its sulphate retention characteristics. The soil under spruce, due to the greater filtering action of vegetation, receives higher inputs of sulphate und hydrogen ions and shows higher amounts of retained sulphate. The uppermost 10 cm soil samples from both sites do not retain any sulphate when its concentration in the solution phase is increased. In samples from greater depths, the retention of sulphate is accompanied by a change in pH of the soil solution. The maximum retention occurs at pH 4, and soil samples from under beech retain higher amounts of sulphate than those under spruce for a corresponding depth and similar conditions of H+ addition. Desorption of newly retained sulphate followed in some samples the concentration relationship found in the adsorption experiment without any hysteresis, but the desorption of initially present sulphate indicates that two different forms of sulphate, weakly‐and tightly‐bound, may be existing in these soils.
Surface charge characteristics of soil colloids of some different soil types
Authors: Dixit S. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost of the soil samples, on the basis of Δ pH measurements, were observed to carry net negative surface charges, except six samples, which carried net positive surface charges. In one case, the net surface charge was noticed to be zero.According to surface charge‐pH curves, the colloid surfaces of soil samples of a Hapludalf and a Luvisol, were characterized as constant charge type. Their zero point of charge (zpc) was very low (near pH 3.0), and remained identical throughout the depth. The colloid surfaces of Tropudalf samples, especially those of B and C horizons, and net positively charged samples were characterized as constant potential type. In the former, the zpc increased from pH 3.45 (A horizon‐D3) to 6.35 (C horizon‐D1). Of all the samples studied, the highest zpc (pH 6.75) was recorded in one of the net positively charged samples (L24). The electrochemical behaviour of constant potential type colloids was therefore similar to that exhibited by many metallic oxides.ΔG° values in Hapludalf and Luvisol colloids were near to H bonding (‐5 to‐10 kcal mol−1), whereas in others the values were higher than that for H bonding, except for A horizons of Tropudalfs.
Effect of humic acids on the activity of two peroxidases
Authors: Pflug Werner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe activity of two peroxidases‐from horseradish roots and Streptococcus faecalis‐is inhibited by synthetic and natural humic acids. Kinetic analyses revealed that inhibition of the horseradish enzyme is due to binding of the donor substrate guaiacol to humic acids. Peroxidase from Streptococcus faecalis is inhibited by competitive interactions between the donor substrate NADH and humic acids for the enzyme. Binding of H2O2 to any of the enzymes was not influenced. The rate of inhibition by synthetic and natural humic acids was different; hydroquinone humic acid and an acetylated derivative were considerably more effective than humic acids from white peat.
Aufnahme und Verlagerung von 15N‐Stickstoff bei Sommergerste in Abhängigkeit von K‐Ernährung und Mehltaubefall
Authors: Beringer H. , Koch K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn einem Nährlösungsversuch mit 0,5 (K1); 1,5 (K2) bzw. 4,5 mM K (K3) wurde die Sommergerstensorte „Aramir”︁ bis zur Vollreife kultiviert. Ein Teil der Versuchspflanzen war mit Mehltau infiziert, entsprechende Kontrollpflanzen wurden durch Behandlung mit einem Fungizid mehltaufrei gehalten.Bei infizierten Pflanzen konnte die Ausbreitung des Pathogens durch das mittlere K‐Angebot gemindert und der Kornertrag von 98 g/Gefäß (K1) auf 160 g/Gefäß (K2) gesteigert werden. In den Kontrollpflanzen waren die entsprechenden Kornerträge 130 (K1) bzw. 164 g/Gefäß (K2). Die Steigerung des K‐Angebotes auf 4,5 mM K brachte in beiden Versuchsreihen keine weitere Ertragsverbesserung.Eine zweitägige Aufnahme von 15N während der Blüte und dessen Metabolisierung in Abständen von 2,4 und 7 Tagen ergab folgende Ergebnisse:a) Von K1 nach K2 stieg die 15N‐Aufnahme in beiden Versuchsreihen, sie lag bei mehltaubefallenen Pflanzen allerdings absolut etwas niedriger.b) Von der aufgenommenen 15N‐Menge wurden im Verlauf von 7 Tagen bis zu 17,1 % in die Körner verlagert. Bessere Kaliumernährung und Fungizidbehandlung förderten die 15N‐Verlagerung.c) Ein Mehltaubefall wirkt sich auf die Nutzung des in die Körner verlagerten 15N zur Kornproteinsynthese nicht aus. Bessere K‐Ernährung fördert die Proteinsynthese.d) In mehltaubefallenen Blättern wird der aufgenommene 15N stärker in Blattproteine eingebaut. Dies kann aber Folge eines kurz nach der Blüte signifikant geringeren Komwachstums sein.Trotz der nur einwöchigen Versuchsdauer geben die 15N‐Ergebnisse keinen Hinweis, daß die sichtbare Unterdrückung einer Mehltauinfektion durch bessere K‐Ernährung auch auf einer Bildung proteinartiger Abwehrstoffe beruhen könnte. Dies steht im Einklang mit einem vorausgegangenen Experiment.