bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An indirect flow cytometric test for detection of anti-neutrophil antibodies in dogs
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To develop a clinically applicable assay for detection of serum anti-neutrophil antibodies in dogs.
Sample Population—Serum samples of 20 healthy dogs and 20 sick dogs.
Procedures—An indirect immunofluorescence assay was developed in which canine serum was incubated with paraformaldehyde-fixed neutrophils and subsequently incubated with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-dog IgG. Neutrophil median fluorescence intensity and the percentage of neutrophils with an increase in fluorescence intensity were determined by use of a flow cytometer.
Results—Neutrophils incubated with serum from healthy and sick dogs had a normally distributed curve when displayed as a histogram. Alloantibodies or immune complexes that significantly affected test results were not detected. Hyperglobulinemia did not appear to affect test results. The neutrophil donor did not significantly affect test results. With 1 exception, results for the sick dogs did not differ appreciably from those for healthy dogs. Serum from a dog with steroid-responsive neutropenia had a greater neutrophil fluorescence value and percentage of neutrophils with an increase in fluorescence intensity, compared with either healthy or sick dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The indirect immunofluorescence test gave consistent results for healthy and sick dogs and detected anti-neutrophil antibodies in a dog with steroid-responsive neutropenia. Definitive evaluation of the test will be dependent on evaluation of persistently neutropenic dogs and correlation of test results with a response to immunosuppressive therapy.
Early fetal sexing of Saanen goats by use of transrectal ultrasonography to identify the genital tubercle and external genitalia
Authors: Santos Maico Henrique Barbosa , Moraes Érica Paes Barreto Xavier , Bezerra Filipe Queirós Gondim , Moura Roseana Tereza Diniz , Paula-Lopes Fabiola , Neves Jairo Pereira , Lima Paulo Fernandes , Oliveira Marcos Antonio Lemos 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To define the optimum period for sexing of Saanen goat fetuses by use of transrectal ultrasonography.
Animals—82 Saanen goats pregnant with 124 fetuses.
Procedures—Fetal sexing was performed on the basis of the final location of the genital tubercle or identification of external genitalia. In experiment 1, fetuses (n = 78) were monitored every 48 hours from days 40 to 60 of gestation, whereas for experiment 2, 46 fetuses were examined only once between days 47 and 77 of gestation.
Results—For experiment 1, accuracy of fetal sexing was 20 of 20 (100%) for a single fetus, 39 of 42 (92.8%) for twin fetuses, and 10 of 16 (62.5%) for triplet fetuses. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly lower for triplet fetuses than that for single or twin fetuses. Final location of the genital tubercle was detected between 45 and 55 days of gestation (mean ± SEM, 48.9 ± 1.8 days). For experiment 2, accuracy of fetal sexing for a single fetus (24/24 [100%]) was significantly higher than the accuracy for twin fetuses (16/22 [72.7%]). Considering all fetuses that were born, accuracy of diagnosis was 69 of 78 (88.4%) for experiment 1 and 40 of 46 (86.9%) for experiment 2. Accuracy did not differ significantly between experiments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Real-time ultrasonography after day 55 of gestation is a suitable method for determination of sex of Saanen goat fetuses by observation of the genital tubercle or identification of external genitalia.
Climates of Change: Perspectives on Past and Future Climate Change and its Impact on Human Societies
Authors: Rosen Arlene M. 
Published: April 2007

Burroughs, William James. 2005. Climate Change in Prehistory: The End of the Reign of Chaos. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 336 pp., $30.00 (UK£19.99). ISBN 0-521-82409-5 (Hardback).Ruddiman, W. F. 2005. Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 272 pp., $24.95 (UK£15.95). ISBN: 0-691-12164-8.
Barriers to documenting occupational injuries among personal assistance services workers
Authors: Scherzer Teresa , Newcomer Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundPersonal Assistance Services (PAS) workers provide essential support to disabled and elderly individuals living at home rather than institutions. Occupational injury risks are known, but limitations in occupational injury surveillance prevent assessing injury prevalence. Changing employment arrangements adopted by publicly funded programs may complicate the classification of PAS workers.MethodsWe surveyed state workers' compensation agencies and Financial Management Services organizations used by state Medicaid programs.ResultsChanging employment arrangements pose further barriers to classifying and documenting injury, and accessing workers' compensation coverage. Workers' Compensation coverage varies according to employment arrangements of the PAS workers. Financial Management Services organizations vary in their roles for reporting injury. Most frequent activities were providing written information about injury reporting, and reporting injuries to appropriate agencies or insurance companies.ConclusionsCurrent limitations undercount the prevalence and consequences of PAS‐related occupational injuries among agency workers and largely ignore independent providers. Policy and research recommendations are presented. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:536–544, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of TRITON™ X‐based dispersants bearing a carboxylic terminal group on rheological properties of BAM/ethyl cellulose/terpineol paste
Authors: Lee Don‐Ik , Lee Sang M. , S. Lee Eun , Choi Jae‐Young , Bae Jin‐Young 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study, we attempted to use TRITON™ X (or octyl phenol ethoxylate (OPE) of different oxyethylene units (i.e., n = 2, 5, and 10))‐based dispersants containing a carboxylic group in the oxyethylene chain end for the formulation of BAM phosphor paste. Thus, a three‐component system employing OPE‐COOH as a dispersant, terpineol as a solvent, and ethyl cellulose as a binder was compounded with BAM particles, and the rheological properties of the paste were investigated in detail. Among three acidic TRITON X‐based compounds we tested (i.e., [OPE2‐COOH], [OPE5‐COOH], and [OPE10‐COOH]), OPE10‐COOH containing the highest number of oxyethylene units in the backbone was found to be the dispersant showing the lowest viscosity of BAM paste under identical conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Small Sample Properties of Asymptotic Tests for Two Binomial Proportions
Authors: Dozzi M. , Riedwyl H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe compare for n1, n2 = 10(10)50 and α = .01,.05 the following tests for two binomial proportions: chisquare, chisquare with YATES correction, chisquare with BERCHTOLD correction, chisquare with SCHOUTEN et al. correction, log likelihood ratio and t‐test. The chisquare test with BERCHTOLD correction has error probabilities that in the mean are closest to the significance level. Especially for α = .01 the difference between the power of the chisquare and t‐test is in many cases surprisingly small.
Exact Simultaneous Comparisons with Control in an r × c Contingency Table
Authors: Passing H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet categorical data coming from a control group and (r ‐ 1) treated groups be given in an r × c contingency table. A simultaneous test procedure of the (r ‐ 1) hypotheses that the probabilities of all c categories do not differ between the i‐th treated group and the control is derived. For small tables and small cell frequencies it is exactly performed by generation of all tables having the given marginal sums. If 2 categories or 2 groups only are given the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is known; otherwise its distribution may be simulated if the computational expenditure of performing an exact test is too large. By means of a Monte Carlo study it is shown that this method meets its level more reliably and that it has a better power than others.
The Statistical Analysis for Incomplete Diallel Cross Series. Fixed Model Analysis of Variance
Authors: Mǎdry W. , Ubysz‐Borucka L. , Piotrowski W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents modern statistical methods used for quantitative genetics and plant breeding. It contains biometrioal analysis principles of fixed model for an identical, incomplete diallel cross series. The theory of vector space is used for estimation of parameters assumed in the model and for performance of the analysis of variance. As a result, the estimation of all groups of parameters treated in the model, is independent. Theoretical results are illustrated by numerical examples from winter wheat breeding.
Missing Plot Technique in Diallel Crosses for Griffing Method‐III
Authors: Kaushik L. S. , Puri P. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe method of combining ability analysis of diallel crosses for Griffing method‐3 for one and two missing observations has been presented. The formulae for estimating the parameters, the variances of different estimates and the sum of squares for various effects have been presented. The given analysis can easily be extended for the case of missing of more than two observations. The procedure of analysis has been illustrated through an example.
Exact Calculation of Permutational Distributions for Two Independent Samples
Authors: Zimmmermann H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA simple Fortran Subroutine is given for the exact calculation of permutational distributions for two independent samples. Important special cases are the Fisher‐Pitman randomization test, the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, the Mantel‐Haenszel‐test and the exact test for 2×k contingency tables. The algorithm needs polynomial time and is of use even for personal‐ or microcomputers.
The Concept of Additivity of Drug Combinations in the Case of Quantal Response
Authors: Wolf Th. , Unkelbach H.‐D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe concept of additivity of drug combinations is widely accepted in pharmacology and toxicology. Up to now, no general statistical methods to test that property are available. The present paper gives a mathematical formulation of additivity, a method to fit dose response surfaces under additivity assumption and a statistical test.
Equivalence or Selection: A Distribution‐Free Approach
Authors: Desu M. M. , Bristol David R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUsing a distribution‐free approach, a modification of the usual procedure for selecting the better of two treatments is presented. Here the possibility of no selection when the treatments appear to be ‘equivalent’ is allowed. The sample size and the constant needed to implement the proposed procedure are determined by controlling the probabilities of a correct selection and a wrong selection when the two treatments are not equivalent.
A Finite Stage Decision Procedure in the Analysis of Variance
Authors: Pfuff F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we have developed a finite stage Bayes test in the analysis of variance. Determining such a decision rule the losses of erroneously accepting the hypotheses as well as the observation costs and the a priori probabilities were considered. We have given a method of constructing the continuation intervals (at, bt) (t = 1, …, r) of a r‐stage test and have demonstrated how the decision process operates. Furthermore it has been investigated in which way the Bayes risk depends on the several parameters. Especially we have shown that the Bayes risk of an r‐stage test is much smaller than the Bayes risk of a corresponding test with fixed sample size as a rule.
Goodness‐of‐Fit Tests for the Logistic Regression Model for Matched Case‐Control Studies
Authors: Hosmer David W. , Lemeshow Stanley 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA number of statistics have recently been proposed to asssess the fit of the multiple logistic regression model in both prospective and retrospective studies involving two independent samples as well as in cross sectional studies. These statistics are not appropriate for assessing fit with matched case‐control studies.This paper presents methods for assessing fit for matched case‐control studies. Both parametric and nonparametric approaches are suggested even though none are directly analogous to the statistics proposed in the unmatched situation. Several examples are included to illustrate the methods.
Testing for the Equality of the Variance‐Covariance Matrices of Two Jointly Normal Vector Variables
Authors: Smith Patricia L. , Kshiesagar Anant M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAssume a joint 2P‐variate normal distribution for the p‐component vectors x and y with unknown mean and unknown variance‐covariance matrices Σxx and Σyy respectively, with Cov (x, y)=Σxy. No assumptions are made about the nature of Σxy. The likelihood ratio method is investigated to test the hypothesis that Σxx = Σyy. A method of numerical solution to the likelihood equations in the restricted parameter case is given when p=2, and approximate solutions are suggested for p>2.
Statistical Analysis of Data from Gene Frequency Perturbation Experiments
Authors: Wilson S. R. , Oakeshott J. G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractData from gene frequency perturbation experiments are being used to resolve the selectionistneutralist debate over the evolutionary significance of electrophoretic enzyme variation. Previous statistical analyses of such data have encountered the major difficulty that the effective population size is not known. In this article, we give the statistical theory for fitting various selection models, and we evaluate the known asymptotic results by simulation. We also show that there is further information in data from these experiments besides the estimates of the selection parameters, namely estimates of the bounds for the effective population sizes.
Variance Component Estimation for Dichotomous Characters and Its Use for Estimating Heritability
Authors: Guiard V. , Örfer G. Herrend , Tuchscherer A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy transforming dichotomous characters (for instance the presence or absence of a certain disease) to zero‐one characters it is possible to estimate the variance and variance components. This paper explains the peculiarities occurring in the linear model and estimation functions and the application of the method for heritability estimation.
Estimating Population Size and Density Using Line Transect Sampling
Authors: Anderson D. R. , Burnham K. P. , Crain B. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractANDERSON and POSPAHALA (1970) investigated the estimation of wildlife population size using the belt or line transect sampling method and devised a correction for bias, thus leading to a class of estimators with desirable characteristics. This work was given a basic and rigorous mathematica framework by BURNHAM and ANDERSON (1976). In the present article we use this mathematical framework to develop an estimator of population size and density using weighted least squares. The approach is a two‐stage Method.
Some Mathematical Models for Line Transect Sampling
Authors: Anderson D. R. , Burnham K. P. , Crain B. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractANDERSON and POSPAHALA (1970) investigated the estimation of wildlife population size using the belt or line transect sampling method and devised a correction for bias, thus leading to an estimator with interesting characteristics. This work was given a uniform mathematical framework in BURNHAM and ANDERSON (1976). In this paper we extend that mathematical framework to several different sampling models, and a number of interesting discrete probability distributions emerge.
The Application of Linear Piecewise Regression to Basal Body Temperature Data
Authors: Teeter Rebecca A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn many situations one wishes to fit a piecewige regression which enables one to obtain estimates of the join points as well as the slopes and intercepts of the fitted submodels. This study developes a technique for fitting piecewise models to data which contain measurement error in an independent variable. The technique developed here combines the HUDSON (1966) procedure for estimating parameters in piecewise regression and the WALD (1940) Grouping Technique which obviates the problem of measurement error.If one assumes some knowledge of the position of the join point in relation to the data, methodology has been developed to estimate the parameters and study the asymptotic properties of the means and variances of the parameter estimates. However, in the more realistic case, when additional knowledge is limited, it is only possible to obtain the parameter estimates using an iterative technique (TEETER, 1982).The general technique for obtaining the join point estimate in the presence of measurement error is presented here and an example is given using data on women's basal body temperature during menstrual cycles.
Reasoning by Analogy from ANOVA to CATANOVA
Authors: Onukogu Ike B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper shows that categorical data can be analysed by analysis of variance methods; applying least squares, linear additive models, F‐teste for significance and so forth. It enriches an alternative analysis which leads to chi‐square tests, c.f. author (1982), LIGHT and MARGOLIN (1971).
A Comparison Between Recurrence Risks and Conditional Recurrence Risks Based on the Semi‐Symmetric Intraclass Contingency Table
Authors: Khamis H. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecurrence risks are compared to conditional recurrence risks under certain association models corresponding to the underlying semi‐symmetric intraclass contingency table. Ratios of mean squared errors are used to make the comparisons. A study of the comparisons corroborates the theory of KHAMIS and HINKELMANN (1984), and gives new insight into the disease‐genotype association problem.
On the Stereological Estimation of Numerical Density of Particle Systems by an Object Counting Method
Authors: Voss K. , Stoyan D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe determination of numerical density Nv of particles is one of the most complex problems in stereology. This paper presents a method for solving it, consisting only of counting of intersections between particles and thick slices of some different thicknesses. The essential stereological parameters Nv and mean caliper diameter D of the particles are determined by means of a regression line. The basic formula is a simple consequence of general principles for deriving stereological formulae which is described in this paper. The object counting method is applicable if the particles are convex and if the whole particle system can be described by a stationary isotropic ergodic marked point process. A practical example (liver cell nuclei of rats) demonstrates the application of the method.
Hunter Movement and its Role in National Game Bird Surveys
Authors: Sen A. R. , Collins B. T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAnalysis of sample survey data on the species composition of waterfowl kill for resident and nonresident hunters for provinces of Canada during 1974 and 1975 showed that a successful game bird hunter who hunted in more than one area (degree block) had both a higher average season kill and more successful days of hunting in which one or more birds were bagged, than one who hunted in the same area during the season. Adjustment for days hunted resulted in a higher daily hunting for those who hunted in more than one degree block. However, the higher kill of the successful hunter is attributable more to a larger number of days hunted than to a larger kill per successful day. Also, hunters hunting in more than one degree block had their successful hunting days more evenly spread across the season.The estimates of kill per successful hunter and days hunted for stratified sampling by areas of hunting were considerably more efficient than simple random sampling.
Comparison of SANOVA Procedure of Simultaneous Testing Hypotheses to Others
Authors: Graboś Z. , Drwièa T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper a procedure SANOVA of simultaneous testing hypotheses is compared with others used in analysis of variance in a fixed linear model. The geometrical relation between SANOVA and Scheffé's confidence regions is discussed. It is shown that individual confidence intervals from SANOVA procedure are not longer than Scheffe's, Dunnett's and Tukey's ones. The cases, when they are the same are indicated. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by a practical example.
Log‐Linear Model Analysis of the Disease‐Genotype Association Problem: Two‐Loci Case
Authors: Khamis H. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe log‐linear model is modified in order to adapt it to the disease‐genotype association problem, where two loci are involved. By so doing, the structure of associations among the genetic variables can be determined, and sources of distortion can be identified in certain test statistics and coefficients of association.
Univariate Dose‐Response Models in Case‐Control Studies
Authors: Schmitz P. I. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor modelling dose‐response relationships in case‐control studies the multiplicative logistic regression model, assuming the relative risk to be an exponential function of the dose, is widely known. If the relative risk is assumed to be a linear function of the dose, several authors (see e.g. BERRY (1980)) have proposed an additive (linear) model. This model has a better fit with the data if such a linear relation holds. Confidence limits for the relative risk derived from the information matrix, however, appear to be rather inaccurate. Therefore, use of the ‘standard’ logistic model in two different ways was studied: extension with a quadratic term or a logarithmic transformation of the dose. By applying the methods both to an empirical data set and in a simulation experiment, it is shown that appropriate transformation (often logarithmic) of the dosage and then applying the ‘standard’ logistic model is an useful approach if a linear dose‐response relationship holds.
Tolerance Limits which Control Percentages in Both Tails: Sampling from Mixtures of Normal Distributions
Authors: Kocherlakota Subrahmaniam , Balakrishnan N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA study is made of the effects of nonnormality on the tolerance limits which control percentages in both tails. The type of nonnormality considered here is the mixtures of normal populations. The conclusions we have arrived at are that the effect of sampling from such a population is essentially to raise the value of γ. For the prescribed level of γ to be achieved, in the equal percentage case, the value of k is smaller than that of the normal case. However, the loss incurred as a result of using Owen's normal values of k is more than offset by the cost of determining k appropriate to this situation. Also, the deviation in the values of γ from the prescribed levels is extremely small.
An Application of Covariance Technique in Diallel Crosses for Griffing Method I & III
Authors: Kaushik L. S. , Hasija R. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the present investigation, the analysis of Covariance technique has been applied to method I & III of GRIFFING (1956) of diallel crosses for obtaining the precised estimates of general combining ability (g.c.a), specific combining ability (s.c.a) and reciprocal differences. The adjusted estimates of g.c.a, s.c.a and reciprocal differences and sum of squares due to these parameters and variances due to the estimates of parameters and their comparisons are also derived. The gain in precision in estimating the parameters due to the use of covariance technique has been illustrated with the help of an example.