bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the degradation rate and biomineralization nature of antiferromagnetic Fe‐20Mn alloy by groove pressing
Authors: Sahu Manas Ranjan , Sampath Kumar T. S. , Chakkingal Uday , Dewangan Vimal Kumar , Doble Mukesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Fe‐Mn alloys are potential candidates for biodegradable implant applications. However, the very low degradation rates of Fe‐Mn alloys in the physiological environment are a major disadvantage. In this study, the degradation rate of a Fe‐20Mn alloy was improved using the groove pressing (GP) technique. Hot rolled sheets of 2 mm thickness were subjected to GP operation at 1000°C. Uniform fine‐grained (UFG) Fe‐Mn alloys were obtained using the GP technique. The influence of GP on the microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behavior in simulated body fluid (SBF), surface wettability, biomineralization, and cytocompatibility was investigated and compared to the annealed (A Fe‐Mn) and rolled (R Fe‐Mn) sample. The groove‐pressed Fe‐Mn (G Fe‐Mn) alloy had a grain size of approximately 40 ± 16 μm whereas the A Fe‐Mn and R Fe‐Mn samples had grain sizes of 303 ± 81 and 117 ± 14.5 μm, respectively. Enhanced strength and elongation were also observed with the G Fe‐Mn sample. The potentiodynamic polarization test showed the highest Icorr, lowest polarization resistance, and lowest Ecorr for the G Fe‐Mn sample among all other samples indicating its higher degradation rate. The weight loss data from immersion tests also shows that the percentage of weight loss increases with time indicating the accelerated degradation behavior of the sample. The static immersion test showed an enhancement in weight loss of 0.46 ± 0.02% and 1.02 ± 0.05% for R Fe‐Mn and G Fe‐Mn samples, respectively, than A Fe‐Mn sample (0.31 ± 0.03%) after 56 days in immersion in SBF. The greater biomineralization tendency in UFG materials is confirmed by the G Fe‐Mn sample's stronger hydroxyapatite deposition. When compared to the A Fe‐Mn and R Fe‐Mn samples, the G Fe‐Mn sample has a better wettability, which promotes higher cell adhesion and vitality, showing higher biocompatibility. This study demonstrates that Fe‐20Mn processed by GP has potential applications for the manufacture of biodegradable metallic implants.
FNDC5 inhibits malignant growth of human cervical cancer cells via restraining PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Li Na , Wang Xiao‐Li , Ge Rui , Wang Yu , Tian Xiao‐Lei , Zhu Guo‐Qing , Zhou Bing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCervical cancer (CxCa) is the fourth most frequent cancer in women. This study aimed to determine the role and underlying mechanism of fibronectin type III domain‐containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in inhibiting CxCa growth. Experiments were performed in human CxCa tissues, human CxCa cell lines (HeLa and SiHa), and xenograft mouse model established by subcutaneous injection of SiHa cells in nude mice. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CxCa patients with high FNDC5 levels have a longer overall survival period. FNDC5 expression was increased in human CxCa tissues, HeLa and SiHa cells. FNDC5 overexpression or FNDC5 protein not only inhibited proliferation, but also restrained invasion and migration of HeLa and SiHa cells. The effects of FNDC5 were prevented by inhibiting integrin with cilengitide, activating PI3K with recilisib or activating Akt with SC79. FNDC5 inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt, which was attenuated by recilisib. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 showed similar effects to FNDC5 in HeLa and SiHa cells. Intravenous injection of FNDC5 (20 μg/day) for 14 days inhibited the tumor growth, and reduced the proliferation marker Ki67 expression and the Akt phosphorylation in the CxCa xenograft mouse model. These results indicate that FNDC5 inhibits the malignant phenotype of CxCa cells through restraining PI3K/Akt signaling. Upregulation of FNDC5 may play a beneficial role in retarding the tumor growth of CxCa.
Low skeletal muscle mass and treatment outcomes among adults with haematologic malignancies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anabtawi Nadia M. , Pasala Monica Sai , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , Kharel Prakash , Bal Susan , Godby Kelly , Siwakoti Ashmita , Buford Thomas W. , Bhatia Smita , Costa Luciano J. , Williams Grant R. , Giri Smith 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) and/or, function associated with an increased risk of treatment‐related toxicities and inferior overall survival (OS) among adults with solid malignancies. However, the association between LSMM and treatment‐related toxicities among adults with haematologic malignancies remains unclear.MethodsUsing a pre‐published protocol (CRD42020197814), we searched seven bibliographic databases from inception to 08/2021 for studies reporting the impact of LSMM among adults ≥18 years with a known haematologic malignancy. The primary outcome of interest was OS, and secondary outcomes included progression free survival (PFS) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM). These effect sizes were quantified in terms of hazards ratio (HR) along with 95% confidence interval (CI) and pooled across studies using a DerSimonian–Laird random‐effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran'sQand theI2statistic. All hypothesis testing was two‐sided with an alpha of 0.05.ResultsOf 3791 studies screened, we identified 20 studies involving 3468 patients with a mean age of 60 years; 44% were female and the most common malignancy was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (42%). Most studies measured muscle mass using single slice computed tomography imaging at the L3 level. The presence of LSMM was associated with worse OS (pooled HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.48–2.22,P < 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (Cochran'sQ,I2 = 60.4%), PFS (pooled HR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.28–2.02,P < 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (Cochran'sQ,I2 = 66.0%). Similarly, LSMM was associated with worse NRM (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.34–2.22,P < 0.001) with little evidence of heterogeneity (Cochran'sQ,I2 = 0.0%).ConclusionsLSMM is associated with worse survival outcomes among adults with haematologic malignancies. Further research into understanding the underlying mechanism of this association and mitigating the negative effects of LSMM among adults with haematologic malignancies is needed.
Haptics in fixed prosthodontics and their role in dental education: A literature review
Authors: Hadjichristou Christina , Kokoti Maria , Bakopoulou Athina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTechnological progress leads to new advances in dental education. One of the applications involves the use of virtual and augmented reality as educational aids. The emerging question is to establish if and how these enhancements may prove beneficial to the overall student learning process. A review of recent literature was conducted with the aim of providing evidence for the development of relevant clinical guidelines. The proposed topic attempted to provide answers to the questions of (a) how participants perform when using haptic devices compared to traditional tooth preparation methods on typodonts, (b) how the use of simulators is perceived by both students and educators, and (c) what added value simulators may have in prosthetic dentistry training. The main findings of this study showed that participants expressed satisfaction with the educational experience, finding it both stimulating and very similar to the actual clinical environment. However, differences between haptic and conventional methods were also apparent. Haptics was a significant predictor of clinical crown performance. Significantly better results and shorter preparation times tended to increase with experience. In conclusion, self‐directed learning appears to be beneficial in the clinical education that follows data‐driven approach. At the pre‐laboratory level, simulators may act as an initial familiarization instrument. At the preclinical level, they may aid in detecting students who require extra assistance, or to provide extra training hours for students lacking adequate competency to enter the clinical training phase.
Coupling clearing and hybridization chain reaction approaches to investigate gene expression in organs inside intact insect heads
Authors: Cayrol Bastien , Colella Stefano , Uzest Marilyne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetecting RNA molecules within their natural environment inside intact arthropods has long been challenging, particularly in small organisms covered by a tanned and pigmented cuticle. Here, we have developed a methodology that enables high‐resolution analysis of the spatial distribution of transcripts of interest without having to dissect tiny organs or tissues, thereby preserving their integrity. We have combined an in situ amplification approach based on hybridization chain reaction, which enhances the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and a clearing approach that allows the visualization of inner organs beneath the cuticle. We have implemented this methodology for the first time in Hemiptera, mapping two salivary aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) transcripts, the effector c002 and the salivary sheath protein SHP. With a multiplex approach, we could simultaneously detect different mRNAs in mounted pea aphid head‐thorax samples and show that they were distributed in distinct secretory cells of salivary glands.Research Highlights
Combining hybridisation chain reaction and clearing allows the detection of transcripts in intact aphids heads.
The transcripts of the two salivary proteins c002 and SHP are compartmentalized in distinct secretory cells of the principal glands.
Intravenous antibiotics for urinary tract infections in children with neurologic impairment
Authors: Starnes Lauren S. , Hall Matt , Williams Derek J. , Katz Sophie , Clayton Douglass B. , Antoon James W. , Bell Deanna , Carroll Alison R. , Gastineau Kelsey A. B. , Wolf Ryan , Ngo My‐Linh , Herndon Alison , Brown Charlotte M. , Freundlich Katherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with high‐intensity neurologic impairment (HINI) have an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and prolonged intravenous (IV) antibiotic exposure.ObjectiveTo determine the association between short (≤3 days) and long (>3 days) IV antibiotic courses and UTI treatment failure in hospitalized children with HINI.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study examining UTI hospitalizations at 49 hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System from 2016 to 2021 for children (1–18 years) with HINI. The primary outcome was UTI readmission within 30 days. Our secondary outcome was the association of hospital‐level variation in short IV antibiotic course use with readmission. Readmission rates were compared between short and long courses using multivariable regression.ResultsOf 5612 hospitalizations, 3840 (68.4%) had short IV antibiotic courses. In our adjusted model, children with short IV courses were less likely than with long courses to have a 30‐day UTI readmission (4.0%, 95% CI [3.6%, 4.5%] vs. 6.3%, 95% CI [5.1%, 7.8%]). Despite marked hospital‐level variation in short IV course use (50.0%–87.5% of hospitalizations), there was no correlation with readmissions.ConclusionsChildren with HINI hospitalized with UTI had low UTI readmission rates, but those who received long IV antibiotic courses were more likely to experience UTI readmission versus those receiving short courses. While residual confounding may influence our results, we did not find that short IV courses impacted readmission at the hospital level despite variation in use across institutions. Long IV antibiotic courses are associated with risks and may not confer benefit in this population.
Development of a hospital coding intensity measure based on sepsis diagnoses
Authors: Ellenbogen Michael I. , Weiner Jonathan P. , Zhu Yuxin , Swann Jenna , Brotman Daniel J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSignificant variation in coding intensity among hospitals has been observed and can lead to reimbursement inequities and inadequate risk adjustment for quality measures. Reliable tools to quantify hospital coding intensity are needed. We hypothesized that coded sepsis rates among patients hospitalized with common infections may serve as a useful surrogate for coding intensity and derived a hospital‐level sepsis coding intensity measure using prevalence of “sepsis” primary diagnoses among patients hospitalized with urinary tract infection, cellulitis, and pneumonia. This novel measure was well correlated with the hospital mean number of discharge diagnoses, which has historically been used to quantify hospital‐level coding intensity. However, it has the advantage of inferring hospital coding intensity without the strong association with comorbidity that the mean number of discharge diagnoses has. Our measure may serve as a useful tool to compare coding intensity across institutions.
Marrow Fat‐Cortical Bone Relationship in β‐Thalassemia: A Study Using MRI
Authors: Ismail Umi Nabilah , Azlan Che Ahmad , Khairullah Shasha , Azman Raja Rizal , Omar Nur Farhayu , Md Shah Mohammad Nazri , Jackson Nicholas , Ng Kwan Hoong 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that marrow adipocytes play an active role in the regulation of bone metabolism and hematopoiesis. However, research on the relationship between bone and fat in the context of hematological diseases, particularly β‐thalassemia, remains limited.PurposeTo investigate the relationship between marrow fat and cortical bone thickness in β‐thalassemia and to identify key determinants influencing these variables.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirty‐five subjects in four subject groups of increasing disease severity: 6 healthy control (25.0 ± 5.3 years, 2 male), 4 β‐thalassemia minor, 13 intermedia, and 12 major (29.1 ± 6.4 years, 15 male).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, 3D fast low angle shot sequence and T1‐weighted turbo spin echo.AssessmentAnalyses on proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2* values in femur subregions (femoral head, greater trochanter, intertrochanteric, diaphysis, distal) and cortical thickness (CBI) of the subjects' left femur. Clinical data such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and disease severity were also included.Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mixed ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsBone marrow PDFF significantly varied between the femur subregions, F(2.89,89.63) = 44.185 and disease severity, F(1,3) = 12.357. A significant interaction between subject groups and femur subregions on bone marrow PDFF was observed, F(8.67,89.63) = 3.723. Notably, a moderate positive correlation was observed between PDFF and CBI (r = 0.33–0.45). Multiple regression models for both PDFF (R2 = 0.476, F(13,151) = 10.547) and CBI (R2 = 0.477, F(13,151) = 10.580) were significant. Significant predictors for PDFF were disease severity (βTMi = 0.36, βTMa = 0.17), CBI (β = 0.24), R2* (β = −0.32), and height (β = −0.29) while for CBI, the significant determinants were sex (β = −0.27), BMI (β = 0.55), disease severity (βTMi = 2.15), and PDFF (β = 0.25).Data ConclusionThis study revealed a positive correlation between bone marrow fat fraction and cortical bone thickness in β‐thalassemia with varying disease severity, potentially indicating a complex interplay between bone health and marrow composition.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 3
Simulation and numerical modeling of CuO films thickness influence on the efficiency of graphite/CuO/Ni solar cells
Authors: Kuryshchuk Serhii I. , Andrushchak Galyna O. , Kovaliuk Taras T. , Mostovyi Andriy I. , Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Sahare Sanjay H. , Solovan Mykhailo M. , Brus Viktor V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCopper oxide is one of the original semiconductor materials employed for solar cells in the early 19th century before Silicon solar cells became popular due to their abundant availability, and eco‐friendly nature. The optoelectronic parameters signify its huge potential in solar cell devices, though it's far from the theoretically predicted performance, provides tremendous scope to improve the solar cell performance by forming different heterojunctions. In this study, we investigated the copper oxide's (CuO) potential as an active layer in thin‐film solar cells theoretically with a new structure consisting of a Glass/ITO/Graphite/CuO/Ni. Furthermore, the charge carrier's generation rate and theoretical thresholds for photovoltaic device efficiency were determined for varying active layer thicknesses by employing a normalized light intensity equivalent to that of the AM1.5 spectrum. The optimized performance of the simulated structure by considering realistic optical parameters of the solar cell was ~24%, obtained for the 500 nm CuO films. The performed theoretical work can help to employ CuO and boost the performance of solar cells experimentally.
Poorly controlled pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An observational study
Authors: Koutny Florian , Wiemann Dagobert , Eckert Alexander , Meyhöfer Svenja , Fritsch Maria , Pappa Angeliki , Wiegand Susanna , Weyer Marc , Wurm Michael , Weghuber Daniel , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies have suggested a link between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in children and adolescent, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between poorly controlled T1D and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serving as a proxy for MASLD in children and adolescents over time.MethodsThe study included 32,325 children aged 2−17 years with T1D from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who had undergone at least one assessment of liver enzyme levels recorded in the Diabetes‐Patienten‐ Verlaufsdokumentation registry. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression models were calculated to show possible associations between T1D and elevated ALT values (>26 U/L in males, >22 U/L in females) as a proxy for MASLD.ResultsChildren with poorly controlled T1D (HbA1c > 11%) exhibited increased odds of elevated ALT values, after adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration and overweight (odds ratio [OR] 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10–3.10; p < 0.01). This finding is substantiated by a longitudinal analysis, which reveals that inadequately controlled T1D was associated with a higher hazard ratio (HR) of elevated ALT values compared to children with controlled T1D over an observation period extending up to 5.5 (HR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19–2.01; p < 0.01).ConclusionIn conclusion, the current study strongly links poorly controlled T1D in children and adolescents to MASLD irrespective of overweight. This association is not only present cross‐sectionally but also increases over time. The study underscores the critical role of effective diabetes management in reducing the risk of MASLD in this population.
Rescue therapy with upadacitinib in medically refractory pediatric ulcerative colitis
Authors: Miller Maria , Patel Ashish S. , Pasternak Brad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractApproved options for advanced therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited. Although Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are approved in adult IBD, their benefit in pediatric populations is not yet delineated. We present a 13‐year‐old female patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) refractory to numerous therapies and courses of prednisone that ultimately responded to a JAK inhibitor. Initial treatment consisted of 5‐aminosalicylate and azathioprine. This was changed to adalimumab due to persistent symptoms. Repeat colonoscopy revealed pancolitis, thus she was transitioned to vedolizumab. She was hospitalized twice for uncontrolled symptoms on vedolizumab and subsequent scope showed continued pancolitis. As a result, she transitioned to ustekinumab without symptomatic relief after adjusting to monthly dosing. The family declined colectomy, opting to exhaust all medical therapies. Upadacitinib was started and her symptoms resolved within 1 week, and she remains in steroid‐free remission. This case illustrates the possible role of JAK inhibitors in extensively refractory pediatric UC patients before colectomy.
Clinical genetics in breast cancer
Authors: Ntowe Koumani W. , Lee Michael S. , Plichta Jennifer K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs genetic testing becomes increasingly more accessible and more applicable with a broader range of clinical implications, it may also become more challenging for breast cancer providers to remain up‐to‐date. This review outlines some of the current clinical guidelines and recent literature surrounding germline genetic testing, as well as genomic testing, in the screening, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer, while identifying potential areas of further research.
Kinetics of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst: Comparison of the differential and integral methods of kinetic analysis
Authors: Khawaja Saman , Usman Muhammad Rashid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe experimental data over CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst for a wide range of operating conditions were used to develop the kinetics of the reaction CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Three kinetic models such as the power law model, the Graaf kinetic model, and the Park kinetic model were tested against the experimental data. Both the mechanistic models have been developed based on the Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson approach and are specific only to the methanol synthesis from CO/CO2 hydrogenation. In an attempt to reduce the number of parameters in the two models, the abridged forms of these models were also tried. Overall, 25 kinetic rate equations were tested and the best‐fit kinetic rate expression with optimized parameters was worked out. Both the integral and differential methods of kinetic analysis were employed and their efficacy in finding the best‐fit expression was compared. The MATLAB built‐in function fminsearch was employed to perform the regression of the data. The Graaf model in its parent form, but with the new optimized values of the parameters, was found to be the best‐fit rate model. The Graaf kinetics, with re‐estimated parameters, could be helpful in designing and simulating a methanol synthesis reactor operating on CO2 and H2 feed and utilizing a CuO/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst.
Quantum Coherence Effect in the Interaction of Light and Molecules
Authors: Song Yunrui , Qin Chengbing , Dong Shuai , Li Xiangdong , Wei Aoni , Zhang Guofeng , Chen Ruiyun , Hu Jianyong , Zeng Ganying , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the quantum coherence effects is crucial for their promising applications, such as engineering artificial photosynthesis, manipulating chemical reactions, and designing coherence‐based functional devices. Considering that a molecule is the smallest unit that can exist independently and maintain its physical and chemical properties, investigating the quantum coherence effects of molecules is of great significance in understanding their features. In this case, exploring quantum coherence effects in the interaction of light and molecules has been one of the leading topics. This review presents an overview of state‐of‐the‐art spectroscopic techniques and deep insights into molecular quantum coherence effects. It also offers prospects for future advancement. First, the history of development and origins of quantum coherence effects are briefly introduced in molecules. Then, the principle and exciting experimental progress of sophisticated techniques for investigating molecular quantum coherence effects are discussed. Late, molecular quantum coherence effects and their promising applications in various areas have been evaluated. Finally, the challenges and potential solutions are look ahead for studying the effects of quantum coherence on molecules. This review may offer some guidance to boost the understanding and employing the molecular quantum coherence effects.