bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystals of the Quaternary Thermoelectric Materials: AgPbmSbTem+2 (m = 1—18): Phase‐Segregated or Solid Solutions?
Authors: Arachchige Indika U. , Wu Jinsong , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Protein Modification for Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy.
Authors: Dillingham Mark S. , Wallace Mark I. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptaibiomics: Towards a Myriad of Bioactive Peptides Containing Cα‐Dialkylamino Acids?
Authors: Degenkolb Thomas , Brueckner Hans 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supported Gold Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Organic Reactions
Authors: Corma Avelino , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bispidines
Authors: Breuning Matthias , Steiner Melanie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Achieving Turnover in DNA‐Templated Reactions
Authors: Grossmann Tom N. , Strohbach Anne , Seitz Oliver 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Knowledge Based Prediction of Ligand Binding Modes and Rational Inhibitor Design for Kinase Drug Discovery
Authors: Ghose Arup K. , Herbertz Torsten , Pippin Douglas A. , Salvino Joseph M. , Mallamo John P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Authors: Corsaro Antonino , Chiacchio Ugo , Pistara Venerando , Romeo Giovanni 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modifications of α‐Tocopherol
Authors: Rosenau Thomas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Safety and Efficacy of Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients with Severe Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Ramani Gautam V. , McCloskey Carol , Ramanathan Ramesh C. , Mathier Michael A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundMorbid obesity (MO) is a risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). The presence of MO impairs functional status and disqualifies patients for cardiac transplantation. Bariatric surgery (BAS) is a frontline, durable treatment for MO; however, the safety and efficacy of BAS in advanced CHF is unknown.HypothesisWe hypothesized that by utilizing a coordinated approach between an experienced surgical team and heart failure specialists, BAS is safe in patients with advanced systolic CHF and results in favorable outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 12 patients with MO (body mass index [BMI] 53 ± 7 kg/m2) and systolic CHF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 22 ± 7%, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class 2.9 ± 0.7) who underwent BAS, and then compared outcomes with 10 matched controls (BMI 47.2 ± 3.6 kg/m2, LVEF 24 ± 7%, and NYHA class 2.4 ± 0.7) who were given diet and exercise counseling.ResultsAt 1 y, hospital readmission in BAS patients was significantly lower than controls (0.4 ± 0.8 versus 2.5 ± 2.6, p = 0.04); LVEF improved significantly in BAS patients (35 ± 15%, p = 0.005), but not in controls (29 ± 14%, p = not significant [NS]). The NYHA class improved in BAS patients (2.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.02), but deteriorated in controls (3.3 ± 0.9, p = 0.02). One BAS patient was successfully transplanted, and another listed for transplantation.ConclusionsBariatric surgery is safe and effective in patients with MO and severe systolic CHF, and should be considered in patients who have failed conventional therapy to improve clinical status. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doctors Are Caregivers or Providers? Patients Are Clients?
Authors: Richard Conti C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhen I began medical school in 1956, physicians were always referred to as doctors and sick persons were always referred to as patients. In recent times, those of us who are physicians are often referred to as caregivers or providers by administrative staff, and the sick individuals we treat are often referred to as clients. Why this has happened and who decided to use these terms escapes me. I suspect it has something to do with reimbursement, and that someone other than physicians made the call. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasmalemmal and vesicular γ‐aminobutyric acid transporter expression in the developing mouse retina
Authors: Guo Chenying , Stella Salvatore L. , Hirano Arlene A. , Brecha Nicholas C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractImmunoreactivity for the plasma membrane GABA transporter, GAT‐3 (red), in a vertical section of adult mouse retina, with the Müller glia identified with CRALBP antibodies (green) and bipolar cell and some Müller cell somata with Chx10 antibodies (blue). J. Comp. Neurol. 512:6–26, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Na+ and Ca2+ Ions on a Lipid Langmuir Monolayer: An Atomistic Description by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Giner Casares Juan José , Camacho Luis , Martín‐Romero Maria Teresa , López Cascales José Javier 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStudying the effect of alkali and alkaline‐earth metal cations on Langmuir monolayers is relevant from biophysical and nanotechnological points of view. In this work, the effect of Na+ and Ca2+ on a model of an anionic Langmuir lipid monolayer of dimyristoylphosphatidate (DMPA−) is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The influence of the type of cation on lipid structure, lipid–lipid interactions, and lipid ordering is analyzed in terms of electrostatic interactions. It is found that for a lipid monolayer in its solid phase, the effect of the cations on the properties of the lipid monolayer can be neglected. The influence of the cations is enhanced for the lipid monolayer in its gas phase, where sodium ions show a high degree of dehydration compared with calcium ions. This loss of hydration shell is partly compensated by the formation of lipid–ion–lipid bridges. This difference is ascribed to the higher charge‐to‐radius ratio q/r for Ca2+, which makes ion dehydration less favorable compared to Na+. Owing to the different dehydration behavior of sodium and calcium ions, diminished lipid–lipid coordination, lipid–ion coordination, and lipid ordering are observed for Ca2+ compared to Na+. Furthermore, for both gas and solid phases of the lipid Langmuir monolayers, lipid conformation and ion dehydration across the lipid/water interface are studied.
Rydberg or Valence? The Long‐Standing Question in the UV Absorption Spectrum of 1,1′‐Bicyclohexylidene
Authors: Pérez‐Hernández Guillermo , González Leticia , Serrano‐Andrés Luis 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe electronic excited states of the olefin 1,1′‐bicylohexylidene (BCH) are investigated using multiconfigurational complete active space self‐consistent‐field second order perturbation theory in its multi‐state version (MS‐CASPT2). Our calculations undoubtedly show that the bulk of the intensity of the two unusually intense bands of the UV absorption of BCH measured with maxima at 5.95 eV and 6.82 eV in the vapor phase are due to a single ππ* valence excitation. Sharp peaks reported in the vicinity of the low‐energy feature in the gas phase correspond to the beginning of the π3sR Rydberg series. By locating the origin of the ππ* band at 5.63 eV, the intensity and broadening of the observed bands and their presence in solid phase is explained as the vibrational structure of the valence ππ* transition, which underlies the Rydberg manifold as a quasi‐continuum.
Rapid and label‐free classification of human glioma cells by infrared spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Steiner Gerald , Küchler Saskia , Hermann Andreas , Koch Edmund , Salzer Reiner , Schackert Gabriele , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe discrimination of cell types is a crucial task in cell biology. Available techniques, based on an irreversible treatment of the cells, do not allow a sensitive label‐free characterization under in situ conditions. Infrared spectroscopic imaging is a new and useful tool for studying individual cells. It has established itself as a powerful method to probe the molecular composition and to indicate the biochemistry of cells. Monolayers of cultivated U343, T1115 and T508 human glioma cells were characterized using infrared spectroscopic imaging. A classification algorithm based on linear discriminant analysis was developed to distinguish different cells without labeling. The classification is based upon spectral features which mainly arise from proteins, nucleic acids, and cholesterol. An accuracy of 91% and 84% was obtained for cells of U343 and T1115, respectively. Cells of the T508 cell line exhibit some misclassifications resulting in a lower accuracy rate of 73%. As the results demonstrate, the potential of infrared spectroscopic imaging method to assess the overall molecular composition of cells in a non‐destructive manner opens the possibility to characterize cells on a molecular level without labels or an irreversible treatment. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Impaired T‐cell development in the absence of Vav1 and Itk
Authors: Raberger Julia , Boucheron Nicole , Sakaguchi Shinya , Penninger Josef M. , Ellmeier Wilfried 
Published: November 2008

AbstractVav1 and the Tec family kinase Itk act in similar T‐cell activation pathways. Both molecules interact with members of the Cbl family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, and signaling defects in Vav1−/− T cells are rescued upon deletion of Cbl‐b. In this study we investigate the relation between Itk and Cbl‐b or Vav1 by generating Itk/Cbl‐b and Itk/Vav1 double‐deficient mice. Deletion of Cbl‐b in Itk−/− CD4+ T cells restored proliferation and partially IL‐2 production, and also led to a variable rescue of IL‐4 production. Thus, Itk and Vav1 act mechanistically similarly in peripheral T cells, since the defects in Itk−/− T cells, as in Vav1−/− T cells, are rescued if cells are released from the negative regulation mediated by Cbl‐b. In addition, only few peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were present in Vav1−/−Itk−/− mice due to severely impaired thymocyte differentiation. Vav1−/−Itk−/− thymocyte numbers were strongly reduced compared with WT, Itk−/− or Vav1−/− mice, and double‐positive thymocytes displayed increased cell death and impaired positive selection. Therefore, our data also reveal that the combined activity of Vav1 and Itk is required for proper T‐cell development and the generation of the peripheral T‐cell pool.
Viral 5′‐triphosphate RNA and non‐CpG DNA aggravate autoimmunity and lupus nephritis via distinct TLR‐independent immune responses
Authors: Allam Ramanjaneyulu , Pawar Rahul D. , Kulkarni Onkar P. , Hornung Veit , Hartmann Gunter , Segerer Stephan , Akira Shizuo , Endres Stefan , Anders Hans‐Joachim 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCertain viral nucleic acids aggravate autoimmunity through nucleic acid‐specific TLR. Viral 5′‐triphosphate RNA (3P‐RNA) and double‐stranded non‐CpG DNA induce antiviral immunity via TLR‐independent pathways but their role in autoimmunity is unknown. Transient exposure of 16‐wk‐old MRLlpr/lpr mice to 3P‐RNA aggravated lupus nephritis by increasing IFN signaling and decreasing CD4+CD25+ T cells. By contrast, transient exposure to non‐CpG DNA exacerbate lupus nephritis in association with splenomegaly, lymphoproliferation, hypergammaglobulinaemia and increased B220+CD138+ plasma cells. Both, 3P‐RNA and non‐CpG DNA increased glomerular complement factor C3c deposits but both nucleic acid formats were less potent in aggravating renal pathology as compared with CpG DNA. 3P‐RNA and non‐CpG DNA also localized to the glomerular mesangial cells and activated cultured mesangial cells to produce IL‐6. We conclude, 3P‐RNA or non‐CpG DNA both trigger autoimmune disease in MRLlpr/lpr mice by specifically activating adaptive immunity but similarly enhance inflammation on the tissue level.
IL‐22 and inflammation: Leukin' through a glass onion
Authors: Zenewicz Lauren A. , Flavell Richard A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIL‐22 is a Th17 T‐cell‐associated cytokine that is highly expressed during chronic inflammation. IL‐22 receptor expression is absent on immune cells, but is instead restricted to the tissues, providing signaling directionality from the immune system to the tissues. Through Stat3 signaling, IL‐22 induces a variety of proliferative, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐microbial pathways. IL‐22 is bi‐functional with both pro‐inflammatory and protective effects on tissues depending on the inflammatory context. The cytokine plays a role both in the host response against extracellular pathogens and in the inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases. Therapeutics targeting IL‐22 therefore may have promise for treating various chronic inflammatory diseases.
Comprehensive analysis of HIV Gag‐specific IFN‐γ response in HIV‐1‐ and HIV‐2‐infected asymptomatic patients from a clinical cohort in The Gambia
Authors: Ondondo Beatrice O. , Rowland‐Jones Sarah L. , Dorrell Lucy , Peterson Kevin , Cotten Matthew , Whittle Hilton , Jaye Assan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMajority of HIV‐2‐infected individuals meet the criteria of long‐term non‐progressors. This has been linked to superior qualitative HIV‐2‐specific cellular immune responses that correlate with viral control. However, it is unknown whether this is due to frequent targeting of immunodominant Gag epitopes in HIV‐2 than HIV‐1 infection. We describe a comprehensive comparison of the magnitude, breadth and frequency of Gag responses and the degree of cross‐recognition of frequently targeted, immunodominant Gag peptides in a cross‐sectional study of asymptomatic HIV‐1‐ and HIV‐2‐infected individuals. Fresh PBMC from 20 HIV‐1‐ and 20 HIV‐2‐infected patients with similar CD4+ T‐cell counts (p=0.36) were stimulated with pools of HIV‐1 and/or HIV‐2 Gag peptides in an IFN‐γ ELISPOT assay. We found no difference in the cumulative magnitude of IFN‐γ responses (p=0.75) despite significantly lower plasma viral loads in HIV‐2‐infected people (p<0.0001). However, Gag211–290 was targeted with significantly higher magnitude in HIV‐2‐infected subjects (p=0.03) although this did not correlate with viral control. There was no difference in frequently targeted Gag peptides, the breadth, immunodominance or cross‐recognition of Gag peptide pools between the two infections. This suggests that other factors may control viral replication in HIV‐2 infection.
First Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Penarolide Sulfate A1
Authors: Mohapatra Debendra K. , Bhattasali Debabrata , Gurjar Mukund K. , Khan M. Islam , Shashidhara K. S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPenarolide sulfate A1, with three contiguous stereogenic centers on a macrocyclic skeleton, affords promise as an α‐glucosidase inhibitor. Herein, we describe the first asymmetric total synthesis of this natural product. A stereoselective strategy for rapid assembly of the complete framework of the 30‐membered macrocyclic core is delineated herein. Sequential amidation and intramolecular Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions were pivotal to the success of our efforts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
(Cycloheptyne)dicobalt Complexes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Green James R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCobalt complexes of cycloheptynes are thermally stable compounds, unlike their metal‐free counterparts. The past decade has seen the development of a number of reliable methods for their preparation, and a substantial delineation of the reactions they undergo and tolerate. In turn, these developments have resulted in the exploitation of cycloheptynedicobalt complexes in synthesis. This review details the recent developments in the chemistry of these compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Water‐worked gravel beds in laboratory flumes – a natural analogue?
Authors: Cooper James R. , Tait Simon J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn investigation has been conducted to identify the key parameters that are likely to scale laboratory sediment deposits to the field scale. Two types of bed formation were examined: one where sediment is manually placed and screeded and the second where sediment is fed into a running flume. This later technique created deposits through sequential cycles of sediment transport and deposition. Detailed bed surface topography measurements have been made over a screeded bed and three fed beds. In addition, bulk subsurface porosity and hydraulic conductivity have been measured. By comparing the four beds, results revealed that certain physical properties of the screeded bed were clearly different from those of the fed beds. The screeded bed had a random organization of grains on both the surface and within the subsurface. The fed beds exhibited greater surface and subsurface organization and complexity, and had a number of properties that closely resembled those found for water‐worked gravel beds. The surfaces were water‐worked and armoured and there was preferential particle orientation and direction of imbrication in the subsurface. This suggested that fed beds are able to simulate, in a simplified manner, both the surface and subsurface properties of established gravel‐bed river deposits. The near‐bed flow properties were also compared. It revealed that the use of a screeded bed will typically cause an underestimation in the degree of temporal variability in the flow. Furthermore, time‐averaged streamwise velocities were found to be randomly organized over the screeded bed but were organized into long streamwise flow structures over the fed beds. It clearly showed that caution should be taken when comparing velocity measurements over screeded beds with water‐worked beds, and that the formation of fed beds offers an improved way of investigating intragravel flow and sediment–water interface exchange processes in gravel‐bed rivers at a laboratory scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of fine gravels by net‐spinning caddisfly larvae
Authors: Johnson Matthew F. , Reid Ian , Rice Stephen P. , Wood Paul J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe examined the impact of Hydropsychidae caddisfly larvae on the incipient motion of two sizes of narrowly graded fine‐gravel (4–6 and 6–8 mm). This impact was assessed relative to the collective impact of other abiotic and biotic processes that are potentially important conditioning agents of fine‐gravels. Trays of gravel were placed in the River Soar, Leicestershire, UK, where they were colonized to natural densities by caddisfly larvae. Identical trays that were surrounded by a 250 µm mesh were also deployed, preventing colonization but allowing field conditioning of sediments, including minor reworking of grains and biofilm development. After 21 days in the river, trays were removed to a laboratory flume where grain entrainment stresses were established. In addition to the colonized and conditioned treatments, critical shear stresses were measured for identical sediments that were not placed in the river (laboratory gravels). Gravels that were colonized by Hydropsychidae required significantly greater shear stresses for entrainment than conditioned trays (p ≤ 0·002), however, there was no significant difference between conditioned and laboratory gravels. This implies that the presence of caddisfly can be a more important influence on fine‐gravel stability than some conditioning processes. Shields parameter was compared across treatments and across the two gravel size‐fractions using two‐way ANOVA. No significant differences or interactions were observed, indicating that 4–6 mm gravel was stabilized to a similar degree as 6–8 mm gravel by conditioning and colonization processes. Our results extend earlier studies in two important ways: (1) entrainment stresses were established for fine gravels that were colonized at natural densities, under natural stream conditions; and (2) the caddisfly effect was measured relative to both field‐conditioned and unconditioned laboratory controls. The temporal and spatial distribution of silk‐spinning caddisfly larvae suggests that they have the potential to influence fine‐sediment mobility in many rivers, worldwide. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative study of GLS finite elements with velocity and pressure equally interpolated for solving incompressible viscous flows
Authors: Wei Yongtao , Geubelle Philippe H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA comparative study of the bi‐linear and bi‐quadratic quadrilateral elements and the quadratic triangular element for solving incompressible viscous flows is presented. These elements make use of the stabilized finite element formulation of the Galerkin/least‐squares method to simulate the flows, with the pressure and velocity fields interpolated with equal orders. The tangent matrices are explicitly derived and the Newton–Raphson algorithm is employed to solve the resulting nonlinear equations. The numerical solutions of the classical lid‐driven cavity flow problem are obtained for Reynolds numbers between 1000 and 20 000 and the accuracy and converging rate of the different elements are compared. The influence on the numerical solution of the least square of incompressible condition is also studied. The numerical example shows that the quadratic triangular element exhibits a better compromise between accuracy and converging rate than the other two elements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.