bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical solution for buried pipeline deformation induced by normal and reverse fault considering structural joint influence
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Feng Jiawei , Zhu Zhengguo , Zhao Qihua , Pan Yutao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies take less account of analytical solution analysis for buried pipeline under the action of active fault. Furthermore, current theoretical studies of fault‐pipeline interactions generally treat the structure as continuous pipeline, with less attention given to the effect of joints. This paper provides an analytical method to estimate the deformation and internal force of jointed pipelines under normal and reverse fault. By introducing the simplified soil deformation model and error function, the soil greenfield deformation curves under the influence of normal and reverse fault are obtained. Considering the interaction between the pipeline structure and the disturbed soil, the two‐parameter Pasternak foundation model is adopted to analyze the forces on pipeline infinitesimal elements. Then, the mechanical response of the jointed pipeline structure due to the fault additional load is solved by finite difference method. The accuracy of the presented analytical solution is verified by comparisons with observed data of model test and 3D numerical simulation results. Finally, the parametric analyses are performed to estimate the influence for the characteristics of the foundation, fault and joint, including subgrade shear stiffness, subgrade reaction coefficient, fault dip, joint rotational stiffness, joint spacing, and intersection of fault and pipeline.
Can we predict and manage persistent storage and voiding LUTS following bladder outflow resistance reduction surgery in men? ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Tarcan Tufan , Hashim Hashim , Malde Sachin , Sinha Sanjay , Sahai Arun , Acar Omer , Selai Caroline , Agro Enrico Finazzi , Abrams Paul , Wein Alan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) persist in up to 50% of patients after bladder outflow resistance reduction surgery (BORRS) in men. Our think tank aims to address the predictive factors for persistent LUTS after BORRS and to propose the recommendations for future research to enable improved better patient counseling and selection by more accurate prediction of treatment outcome.MethodsA think tank of ICI‐RS gathered in 2023, Bristol, UK, to discuss the pre and postsurgical clinical and urodynamic evaluation of men undergoing BORRS and whether it is possible to predict which men will have persistent LUTS after BORRS.ResultsOur think tank agrees that due to the multifactorial, and still not fully understood, etiology of male LUTS it is not possible to precisely predict in many men who will have persistent LUTS after BORRS. However, severe storage symptoms (overactive bladder, OAB) in association with low volume and high amplitude detrusor overactivity and low bladder capacity in preoperative urodynamics, increase the likelihood of persistent OAB/storage symptoms after BORRS. Furthermore, patients who are clearly obstructed and have good bladder contractility on preoperative pressure flow studies do better postoperatively compared to their counterparts. However, the benefit of pressure flow studies is decreased in patients who do not acceptably void during the study. Poor voiding after BORRS may occur due to persistent obstruction or detrusor underactivity.ConclusionFuture research is needed to increase our understanding of why male LUTS persist after surgery, and to enable better patient selection and more precise patient counseling before BORRS.
Quantitative investigation on ballistic resistance and energy absorption behavior of columnar ceramic/interlayer hybrid fiber composites
Authors: Jiang Yang , Zhang Zhongwei , Song Chunming , Tan Yizhong , Lin Yuan , Xiang Yuhang , Sun Minqian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of hybrid fiber structures on the ballistic performance of columnar ceramic/interlayer hybrid fiber composites. Three hybrid fiber composites and one single fiber‐component composite were fabricated. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated through quantitative analysis of matching micro‐CT images with simulation results. The error of the back convex height (BCH) values between the numerical simulation and the micro‐CT was only 2.8%. The error of delamination area at four thickness positions is only 0.7%, 14.7%, 0.3%, and 5.3%, respectively. The quantitative study on the ballistic performance of ceramic/fiber composites indicates that all hybrid fiber composites provide enhanced penetration resistance, with the sandwich structure outperforming the rest. Compared with the C‐U sample, the bullet's remaining velocity and the BCH in the C‐(A/U/A) sample were significantly improved, with reductions of 195 m∙s−1 and 16.6 mm, respectively. During the penetration process, the ceramic/fiber composites mainly exhibited damage failure mechanisms such as ceramic crushing to form ceramic cones, shear failure, and shear‐tensile‐delamination mixed failure. The energy absorption rate (EAR) of ceramic failure was 54.1%–60.2%, the EAR of tension was 12.5%–20.9%, and the EAR of the tension‐delamination‐shearing mixed model was 21.9%–32.8%.Highlights
The numerical model is quantitatively validated with micro‐CT results.
Ballistic resistance and EARs in six stages are quantitatively analyzed.
C‐(A/U/A) composite has superior ballistic resistance compared to C‐U.
Nanoclay protonation and silane functionalization to enhance mechanical and fracture performance of epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Swatantra , Halder Sudipta , Choudhury Pannalal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanoclay is considered to be one of the best fillers for reinforcement in structural polymer composites because of its low cost, easy availability, and ability to improve mechanical, thermal, corrosion resistance, barrier properties and nonflammability in corresponding nanocomposites. Pristine nanoclay is hydrophilic and therefore needs surface modification to make it compatible for uniform dispersion with polymer matrix. In the present work, montmorillonite nanoclay was protonated for generating more hydroxyl groups to facilitate silane functionalization and is reinforced to prepare epoxy nanocomposites with a varying content of 0.5 to 20 wt%. Studies are also conducted to investigate the effect of silanization of unprotonated nanoclay on epoxy nanocomposites. Interestingly, uniform highly exfoliated reduced‐size nanoclay platelets are obtained for functionalized protonated nanoclay. This behavior is attributed to the increase in the d‐spacing between the interlayers of the nanoclay during protonation and silanization. Tensile performances are found best with 0.5 wt% of silanized clay with an improvement of ~50%, ~84% and ~177% in strength, modulus and absorbed failure energy compared to neat epoxy. Although flexural and fracture performance are found highest with 2 wt% of silanized protonated clay with an improvement of ~57.5% in flexural strength and a remarkable ~241% and ~964% enhancement in fracture toughness and fracture energy compared to neat epoxy. The toughening mechanism investigation endorses the improvement in interfacial adhesion of the protonated silanized nanoclay that enhances the properties of the interfacial region, which significantly enhances the resistance for in‐panne crack propagation in epoxy nanocomposites.Highlights
Synthesized silanized and silanized protonated montmorillonite clay.
Protonation facilitated silane moiety attachment onto nanoclay.
Maximum improvement of flexural strength by ~57.5% for ESPrC2.
KIC and GIC were highest showing ~1.74 MPam1/2 and ~830.28 J/m2 for ESPrC2.
Enhanced interfacial adhesion due to SPrC with the epoxy matrix.
Effects of melatonin, proline, and salicylic acid on seedling growth, photosynthetic activity, and leaf nutrients of sorghum under salt stress
Authors: Kiremit Mehmet Sait , Öztürk Elif , Arslan Hakan , Subrata Bhaskara Anggarda Gathot , Akay Hasan , Bakirova Aigerim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil salinization poses a significant challenge to the sustainability and productivity of agriculture worldwide. This issue continues to hinder plant growth, requiring innovative solutions to alleviate salt stress. Moreover, climate change accelerates soil salinization, which may soon spread to previously unaffected agricultural areas. Therefore, the present study evaluated the potential role of different seed priming agents (hydro (H), salicylic acid (SA), proline (P), and melatonin (MEL)) on seedlings and leaf macro and micronutrients of sorghum grown under four (.27, 2.5, 5.0, and 8.0 dS m−1) soil salinity conditions. Soil salinity drastically reduced all the growth parameters of sorghum seedlings, primarily the reduction in growth traits, which was remarkable after 2.5 dS m−1 soil salinity. In addition, plant height, shoot fresh weight, and stomata were reduced by 40.8%, 74.6%, and 36.5%, respectively, at 8.0 dS m−1 compared to .27 dS m−1. SA‐ and MEL‐primed seeds mitigated the harmful effects of soil salinity by reducing Na+ accumulation in the leaves and increasing the K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios and photosynthetic activity under salt stress. However, the Zn2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+ contents of sorghum leaves increased with increasing soil salinity, and these nutrients also improved with seed priming by SA, MEL, and P. Considering all nutrients, MEL‐primed sorghum seeds had better macro‐ and micro‐nutrient uptake capacities than the H, SA, and P treatments under high soil salinity conditions. Finally, the present study showed that MEL‐induced improvement in salt tolerance in sorghum seedlings was related to enhanced nutritional status, photosynthetic activity, and biomass production in salinized areas.
Chromosome‐scale genome assembly of Poa trivialis and population genomics reveal widespread gene flow in a cool‐season grass seed production system
Authors: Brunharo Caio A. C. G. , Benson Christopher W. , Huff David R. , Lasky Jesse R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoa trivialis (L.) is a cool‐season grass species found in various environments worldwide. In addition to being a desired turfgrass species, it is a common weed of agricultural systems and natural areas. As a weed, it is an important contaminant of commercial cool‐season grass seed lots, resulting in widespread gene flow facilitated by human activities and causing significant economic losses to farmers. To better understand and manage infestations, we assembled and annotated a haploid genome of P. trivialis and studied troublesome field populations from Oregon, the largest cool‐season grass seed producing region in the United States. The genome assembly resulted in 1.35 Gb of DNA sequence distributed among seven chromosome‐scale scaffolds, revealing a high content of transposable elements, conserved synteny with Poa annua, and a close relationship with other C3 grasses. A reduced‐representation sequencing analysis of field populations revealed limited genetic diversity and suggested potential gene flow and human‐assisted dispersal in the region. The genetic resources and insights into P. trivialis provided by this study will improve weed management strategies and enable the development of molecular detection tests for contaminated seed lots to limit seed‐mediated gene flow. These resources should also be beneficial for turfgrass breeders seeking to improve desirable traits of commercial P. trivialis varieties and help to guide breeding efforts in other crops to enhance the resiliency of agricultural ecosystems under climate change.Significance Statement:The chromosome‐scale assembly of Poa trivialis and population genomic analyses provide crucial insights into the gene flow of weedy populations in agricultural systems and contribute a valuable genomic resource for the plant science community.
Cumulative cancer locations on prostate biopsy and active surveillance outcomes in the MRI era
Authors: Fletcher Sean A. , Mamawala Mufaddal M. , Holler Albert E. , Bhanji Yasin , Macura Katarzyna J. , de la Calle Claire M. , Pavlovich Christian P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo validate the use of a cumulative cancer locations (CCLO) score, a measurement of tumor volume on biopsy, and to develop a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐informed CCLO (mCCLO) score to predict clinical outcomes on active surveillance (AS).MethodsThe CCLO score is a sum of uniquely involved sextants with prostate cancer on diagnostic + confirmatory biopsy. The mCCLO score incorporates MRI findings into the CCLO score. Participants included 1284 individuals enrolled on AS between 1994 and 2022, 343 of whom underwent prostate MRI. The primary outcome was grade reclassification (GR) to grade group ≥2 disease; the secondary outcome was receipt of definitive treatment.ResultsIncreasing CCLO and mCCLO risk groups were associated with higher risk of GR and undergoing definitive treatment (both p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, increasing mCCLO score was associated with higher risk of GR and receipt of definitive treatment (hazard ratios [HRs] per 1‐unit increase: 1.26 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–1.41] and 1.21 [95% CI: 1.07–1.36], respectively). The model using mCCLO score to predict GR (c‐index: 0.671; 95% CI: 0.621–0.721) performed at least as well as models using the number of cores positive for cancer (0.664 [0.613–0.715]; p = 0.7) and the maximum percentage of cancer in a core (0.641 [0.585–0.696]; p = 0.14).ConclusionsThe CCLO score is a valid, objective metric to predict GR and receipt of treatment in a large AS cohort. The ability of the MRI‐informed mCCLO to predict GR is on par with traditional metrics of tumor volume but is more descriptive and may benefit from greater reproducibility. The mCCLO score can be implemented as a shorthand, informative tool for counseling patients about whether to remain on AS.
Arpc2 integrates ecdysone and juvenile hormone metabolism to influence metamorphosis and reproduction in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Ge Runting , Zhang Ling , Yang Yanhua , Chen Keping , Li Chengjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDActin‐related protein 2/3 complex regulates actin polymerization and the formation of branched actin networks. However, the function and evolutionary relationship of this complex subunit 2 (Arpc2) has been poorly understood in insects.RESULTSTo address these issues, we performed comprehensive analysis of Arpc2 in Tribolium castaneum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Arpc2 was originated from one ancestral gene in animals but evolved independently between vertebrates and insects after species differentiation. T. castaneum Arpc2 has a 906‐bp coding sequence and consists of 4 exons. Arpc2 transcripts were abundantly detected in embryos and pupae but less so in larvae and adults, while it had high expression in the gut, fat body and head but low expression in the epidermis of late‐stage larvae. Knockdown of it at the late larval stage inhibited the pupation and resulted in arrested larvae. Silencing it in 1‐day pupae impaired eclosion, which caused adult wings to fail to close. Injection of Arpc2 dsRNAs into 5‐day pupae made adults have smaller testis and ovary and could not lay eggs. The expression of vitellogenin 1 (Vg1), Vg2 and Vg receptor (VgR) was downregulated after knocking down Arpc2 5 days post‐adult emergence. Arpc2 silencing reduced 20‐hydroxyecdysone titer by affecting the enzymes of its biosynthesis and catabolism but increased juvenile biosynthesis via upregulating JHAMT3 expression.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that Arpc2 is associated with the metamorphosis and reproduction by integrating ecdysone and juvenile hormone metabolism in T. castaneum. This study provides theoretical basis for developing Arpc2 as a potential RNA interference target for pest control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
ESMAX for spatial agroecology: A conceptual spatial model for the quantification and visualisation of ES performance from different configurations of landscape
Authors: Morris Richard , Davis Shannon , Grelet Gwen‐Aëlle , Gregorini Pablo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionAgriculture is confronted by the dual challenges of increasing global demand for food production while reducing negative impacts on the environment. One suggested solution is transitioning modern industrial agriculture to more agroecologically‐informed practices, thus realigning increased food production with the carrying capacity of Earth Systems. The transition to multifunctional agroecological systems, that promote the production of multiple ecosystem services (ES) as well as food production, requires an adaptive management process that addresses climate‐change, market complexity, practical implementation and knowledge transfer.Materials & MethodsThis work proposes a spatially explicit methodology to support this process. Spatial agroecology, in this context, combines a new Geographic Information Systems (GIS)‐based model (ESMAX) with development of a ‘solution space’ to assist stakeholders identify configurations of agroecological components (in this case, trees on farm) at the scale of a 1 ha paddock to supply a targeted range of regulating ES (cooling effect, flood mitigation and habitat). ESMAX uses distance‐decay characteristics specific to each type of regulating ES to quantify and visualise the influence of spatial configuration of ES‐supplying tree clumps on overall ES performance.ResultsThe results from this application of spatial agroecology suggest regulating ES production at farm and paddock scale is influenced by the arrangement of trees on farm. ESMAX's results show paddocks with large tree clumps return the best cooling effect, while small clumps deliver the best flood mitigation and most suitable habitat. Evenly dispersed arrangements of small tree clumps provide the best multifunctional performance across all three ES modelled in this work.ConclusionDesigned spatial agroecological interventions can affect landscape multifunctionality at paddock scale, where practical decisions are made and implemented. This provides spatially explicit support of an adaptive management process. Utilising agroecological systems as spatial mechanisms for supplying critical regulating ES also highlights a new function for agriculture in the Anthropocene epoch.
Identification of Volatile Markers in Sweat for COVID‐19 Screening by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chuachaina Suriwipa , Thaveesangsakulthai Isaya , Sinsukudomchai Pornpawit , Somboon Pakpum , Traipattanakul Jantima , Torvorapanit Pattama , Chatdarong Kaywalee , Kulsing Chadin , Nhujak Thumnoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDue to an outbreak of coronavirus spreading in recent years, there is an urgent need for effective, rapid, and non‐invasive diagnostics to detect and differentiate among patients who are infected and uninfected with SARS‐CoV‐2 for controlling the virus propagation. This study developed an alternative method for COVID‐19 screening from volatile analysis of metabolites mainly studied in sweat samples obtained from the populations in Bangkok, Thailand, during December 2020 to April 2022. A total of 140 collected samples; 70 positive confirmed COVID‐19 cases and another 70 negatives confirmed COVID‐19 cases were applied to be separated, detected, and identified as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)/odor occurring from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection body by the technique of Headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) together with principle component analysis (PCA), which allowed potential volatile markers of COVID‐19 such as pentadecane, nonanal, styrene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (up to 94 % accuracy, 93 % sensitivity, 96 % selectivity, and 94 % specificity), respectively, along with limit of detection in a range of 0.26–125 μg. The result was validated by comparison with the RT‐PCR results.
Potential Wound Dressing with Antibacterial Effect from Cross‐Linked Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Caseinate/CuO NP Electrospun Mat
Authors: Samatya Yilmaz Sema , Uzuner Hüseyin , Aytac Ayşe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, nanofibers were produced from Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/Sodium Caseinate (SoCAS)/Copper Oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) mixtures by electrospinning method. Nano surfaces were cross‐linked by immersion in a Glutaraldehyde (GLA) bath. Electrospun mats are designed as modern wound dressings with antibacterial effects for exuding wounds. The cross‐linking process by dipping has thickened a bit of nanofiber diameter by creating a coating effect on fiber surface. The increase of acetal bonds and decrease of hydroxyl groups in structure by cross‐linking have improved thermal properties of nanofibers. The increase in melting enthalpy has also improved mechanical properties of mats. The mixture of semicrystalline PVA and SoCAS has increased breaking stress of nanostructure. Besides, the CuO NP additive improved the breaking strength and elongation behavior of mats. It was stated that cross‐linked nanofibers swelled without dissolving in distilled water and contained water‐repellent groups. The CuO NP supplementation delayed the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli). However, it was observed that antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was higher than against E. coli. It was reported that 5 % CuO NP‐doped nanofiber can be used as a wound dressing, owing to its high fibroblast cell viability at 24th and 48th hours and 99.48 % antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
Promoting CO2 Electroreduction Over Nano‐Socketed Cu/Perovskite Heterostructures via A‐Site‐Valence‐Controlled Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Chen Mingfa , Xu Yunze , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zhenbao , Li Xueyan , Wang Qi , Huang Minghua , Fang Wei , Zhang Yu , Jiang Heqing , Zhu Yongfa , Zhu Jiawei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the intriguing potential, nano‐socketed Cu/perovskite heterostructures for CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) are still in their infancy and rational optimization of their CO2RR properties is lacking. Here, an effective strategy is reported to promote CO2‐to‐C2+ conversion over nano‐socketed Cu/perovskite heterostructures by A‐site‐valence‐controlled oxygen vacancies. For the proof‐of‐concept catalysts of Cu/La0.3‐xSr0.6+xTiO3‐δ (x from 0 to 0.3), their oxygen vacancy concentrations increase controllably with the decreased A‐site valences (or the increased x values). In flow cells, their activity and selectivity for C2+ present positive correlations with the oxygen vacancy concentrations. Among them, the Cu/Sr0.9TiO3‐δ with most oxygen vacancies shows the optimal activity and selectivity for C2+. And relative to the Cu/La0.3Sr0.6TiO3‐δ with minimum oxygen vacancies, the Cu/Sr0.9TiO3‐δ exhibits marked improvements (up to 2.4 folds) in activity and selectivity for C2+. The experiments and theoretical calculations suggest that the optimized performance can be attributed to the merits provided by oxygen vacancies, including the accelerated charge transfer, enhanced adsorption/activation of reaction species, and reduced energy barrier for C─C coupling. Moreover, when explored in a membrane‐electrode assembly electrolyzer, the Cu/Sr0.9TiO3‐δ catalyst shows excellent activity, selectivity (43.9%), and stability for C2H4 at industrial current densities, being the most effective perovskite‐based catalyst for CO2‐to‐C2H4 conversion.