bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Reduction of the Homoisoflavone System with Dialkylboranes in the Presence of Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Hoshino Yukio , Tanaka Hiroto , Takeno Noboru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
(E)-3-Benzylidene-4-chromanones were regioselectively reduced to 3-benzyl-4-chromanones through the 1,4-addition of dialkylboranes, especially 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, in excellent yields. The reaction was efficiently promoted by some palladium catalysts. Among them, dichloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) was most effective, followed by palladium(II) chloride. Furthermore, the reaction was characteristic of the structurally rigid exo-cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones, such as (E)-3-benzylidene-4-chromanone, while no reaction occurred in the case of 3-benzyl-4H-chromen-4-one, which is an endo-cyclic one. 2-Benzylidene-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenone and 2-benzylideneindanone were similarly reduced at an olefin moiety only as the result of a 1,4-reduction.
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization-Carbonylation of Alkenyl-Allenyl-Allylic Acetate
Authors: Doi Takayuki , Takasaki Masaru , Nakanishi Sadahiro , Yanagisawa Arata , Yamamoto Keiji , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The Pd(0)-catalyzed domino cyclization-carbonylation of 5,8-dimethyl-5-(1,2-propadienyl)-2,8-nonadienyl acetate (7) was achieved at a rather higher temperature. The tricyclic and tetracyclic products, 15 and 16, were produced in 77% combined yield via five and six consecutive carbon–carbon bond formations, each step proceeding in &gt; 94% yield.
Regioselective Synthesis of Quinolin-8-ols and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinolin-8-ols by the Cyclization of 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl Ketone O-2,4-Dinitrophenyloximes
Authors: Uchiyama Katsuya , Ono Ayako , Hayashi Yujiro , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Cyclization of 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ketone O-2,4-dinitrophenyloximes proceeds on the oxime nitrogen atom by the treatment with NaH and then with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone and acetic acid to yield quinolin-8-ols regioselectively. The reaction in the presence of Na[BH3(CN)] affords 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-8-ols. The present cyclization proceeds via alkylideneaminyl radical intermediates generated by the single electron transfer between 3-hydroxyphenyl and 2,4-dinitrophenyl moieties.
Preparation of a Lithium Ion Conductor through Polyethylene Glycol and LiSO3CF3 Sorption in Zeolite
Authors: Tang Weiping , Ogo Yoshiaki , Minamimoto Noriko , Takeoka Mitsunobu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A lithium ion conductor was prepared by adsorbing polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mesopores of zeolite and it was found that the interface between PEG and zeolite plays a significant role in lithium ion transport.
K5[W4O8(H2BO4)(HPO4)2(PO4)2]·0.5H2O: A Tungsten Borophosphate with a Novel Sandwich-like Layered Structure
Authors: Mao Shao-Yu , Kang You-Jun , Liu Wei , Mi Jin-Xiao , Zhao Jing-Tai 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The first tungsten borophosphate compound, K5[W4O8(H2BO4)(HPO4)2(PO4)2]·0.5H2O, has been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions, and the crystal structure with a new stoichiometry (B:P ratio 1:4) exhibits a novel sandwich-like layered structure.
Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones by Iridium(III)-catalyzed Direct-Mannich Reaction
Authors: Sueki Shunsuke , Igarashi Takeyuki , Nakajima Takayuki , Shimizu Isao 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The direct-Mannich reaction of ketones 1, aldehydes 2, and anilines 3 was studied using catalytic amount of transition-metal complexes. The trivalent iridium complex, [IrCl2(H)(cod)]2, catalyzed the direct-Mannich reaction effectively to give various β-amino kenotes in good yields under mild conditions.
Construction of Three-dimensional Framework with 1,8-Anthrylene and Butadiynylene Building Units: Synthesis and Properties of Cyclic Tetramers
Authors: Goichi Michio , Toyota Shinji 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
As a new type of π-conjugated macrocycles, 1,8-anthrylene–butadiynylene cyclic tetramers were synthesized by metal-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions. The fluorescence spectrum of the nonsubstituted derivative indicated partial formation of an excimer in the excited state. The macrocyclic structure undergoes rapid interconversion between two enantiomeric diamond prism structures. These spectroscopic and structural features are compared with those of ethynylene analogues.
Bio-inspired Programmable Self-assembly on DNA Templates
Authors: Tanaka Kentaro , Shionoya Mitsuhiko 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Besides the biological importance of DNA as storage of genetic information, DNA is a smart molecule to assemble functional units since it is possible to use sequences of nucleobases to encode molecularly assembled systems in a predetermined fashion over a wide range in size. This review highlights recent advance in precise control of molecular assembly on DNA templates directed towards functionalized materials.
Synthesis of a Water-soluble Iridium(III) Complex with pH and Metal Cation Sensitive Photoluminescence
Authors: Konishi Koji , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu , Harada Akira 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A water-soluble iridium complex with bulky ligands was synthesized. Photoluminescence intensities of this iridium complex were stronger in basic aqueous solutions than that in organic solvents, and they were found to depend on pH and additive metal ions in its aqueous solution.
Reversible Photoswitching Liquid-phase Adsorption on Azobenzene Derivative-grafted Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Maeda Kazuyuki , Nishiyama Takashi , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Suzuki Takeyuki , Seki Takahiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Mesoporous silica tethered with alkyl chain-headed azobenzene derivatives exhibits reversible photoswitching behavior in liquid-phase adsorption of an octabutoxyphthalocyanine (OBPc) probe molecule on alternating ultraviolet and visible light irradiation.
Double Fluorescence-labeling Study on Genus Albizzia Using a Set of Fluorecence-labeled Leaf-movement Factors to Identify the Spatial Distribution of Their Receptors
Authors: Nakamura Yoko , Matsubara Akira , Okada Masahiro , Kumagai Tsutomu , Ueda Minoru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We synthesized rhodamine-labeled leaf-opening factor of genus Albizzia. We carried out double fluorescence-labeling study on genus Albizzia using rhodamine-labeled leaf-opening factor and fluorescein-labeled leaf-closing factor. This study showed that both probes bound the same motor cell. These results indicated that each motor cell had both receptors for leaf-opening and leaf-closing factors.
Structure of Organic Thin Films Grown on Surface-modified Tantalum Oxide
Authors: Onoki Ryo , Abe Shigeomi , Ueno Keiji , Nakahara Hiroo , Saiki Koichiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We fabricated an ordered monolayer film of a long-chain fatty acid or a perfluorofatty acid onto an anodized tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) amorphous surface by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method, and grew a pentacene or C60 thin film on it. Remarkable improvements of morphology and crystallinity of the organic thin films were observed on the CH3-terminated monolayer film of the fatty acid.
Finely-tuned Blue-phosphorescent Iridium Complexes Based on 2-Phenylpyridine Derivatives and Application to Polymer Organic Light-emitting Device
Authors: Takizawa Shin-ya , Echizen Hidenori , Nishida Jun-ichi , Tsuzuki Toshimitsu , Tokito Shizuo , Yamashita Yoshiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We have developed new blue-phosphorescent iridium complexes based on 2-phenylpyridine derivatives with pertinent substituents and an ancillary ligand to accomplish selective tuning of the HOMO and LUMO levels toward high energy gap: A polymer light-emitting device doped with the blue phosphor was fabricated to show blue emission.
Formation Process of Platelet Nanocomposites with Zinc Hydroxide and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Prepared by Laser Ablation in Solution
Authors: Usui Hiroyuki , Sasaki Takeshi , Koshizaki Naoto 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Layered zinc hydroxide nanocomposites (Zn-NC) were prepared by laser ablation of Zn in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with various ablation times and laser fluences. At the fluence of 6.7 J/cm2, the rectangular Zn-NC was obtained by 10 min ablation. Rectangular structures were found with different stages of Zn filling at the fluence of 2.0 J/cm2. These results suggest that an SDS monohydrate with rectangular shape acts as the template for Zn-NC formation.
Photosolubilization of Polyolefinsulfone Containing Side-chain Oxime Ester Groups
Authors: Yaguchi Hiroaki , Sasaki Takeo , Matsuda Minoru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A novel polyolefinsulfone bearing a photobase generator in a side-chain was synthesized via radical polymerization of an olefin monomer in liquefied sulfur dioxide. The polyolefinsulfone was photochemically solubilized in an aqueous solution of 0.012 M HCl.
Poor me versus bad me paranoia and the instability of persecutory ideation
Authors: Melo Sara Sigmaringa , Taylor Jayne L. , Bentall Richard P. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. To investigate whether there are two stable types of paranoia, ‘poor me’ and ‘bad me’, as described by Trower and Chadwick (1995), and whether beliefs about the deservedness of persecution are associated with psychological measures.Methods. In‐patients experiencing persecutory delusions were assigned either to ‘poor me’ (PM) or ‘bad me’(BM) groups, according to their rating of a perceived deservedness scale, which was repeated on subsequent assessments. Participants were assessed for depression (BDI); construction of the self (Self‐to‐Others Scale); autonomy and sociotropy (PSI); perceived parental behaviour (PBI); attributional style (ASQ) and, meaningful daily events (DEI, devised for the study). A healthy control group was also assessed.Results. Many patients' perceived deservedness of persecution varied across time, so that some patients were PM at one point in time but BM at another. BM paranoia was associated with high levels of depression. PM and BM patients groups both scored higher than the controls on the subscales of Self‐to‐Others Scale and on the PSI. PM patients exhibited a marked self‐serving bias on the ASQ, and reported less parental care on the PSI, compared to the BM patients. Both groups reported less PBI mother care than the controls. BM patients reported more failure events than PM patients or controls. PM patients reported more loss of control events than the than BM patients and controls.Conclusions. PM and BM paranoia may represent separate phases of an unstable phenomenon. The findings are consistent with an attributional account of paranoid thinking.
The Stalking and Harassment Behaviour Scale: Measuring the incidence, nature, and severity of stalking and relational harassment and their psychological effects
Authors: Turmanis Simon A. , Brown Robert I. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. Assessing the incidence, nature, severity, and psychological effects of stalking and relational harassment for victims is a difficult task and conceptual issues have hampered previous research, making it difficult for psychologists and clinicians to predict psychological sequelae for victims and develop appropriate treatments.Design. A new scale was developed that included a measure of participants' levels of subjective distress/disturbance to aid clinicians to better assess the incidence, nature, and level of stalking and/or relational harassment for victims.Methods. From a pool of 204 participants from Newcastle University and two business offices, it was possible to differentiate 159 persons who experienced harassment and/or stalking from the remainder who were not distressed or disturbed by such attention.Results. Stalked and/or harassed individuals were separated into five separate groups based on their levels of stalking and five score ranges with qualitative labels, devised to aid in the interpretation of victims' levels of stalking scores. Those with higher levels of stalking reported increased levels of helplessness, symptoms of anxiety, PTSD, and depression.Conclusion. The results indicate the importance of accommodating a subjective component in the measurement and assessment of stalking and harassment. Future directions for the development and use of the new scale are discussed.
Dysregulation of the BMP-p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Cells From Patients With Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP)
Authors: Fiori Jennifer L , Billings Paul C , de la Peña Lourdes Serrano , Kaplan Frederick S , Shore Eileen M 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
FOP is a disabling disorder in which skeletal muscle is progressively replaced with bone. Lymphocytes, our model system for examining BMP signaling, cannot signal through the canonical Smad pathway unless exogenous Smad1 is supplied, providing a unique cell type in which the BMP–p38 MAPK pathway can be examined. FOP lymphocytes exhibit defects in the BMP–p38 MAPK pathway, suggesting that altered BMP signaling underlies ectopic bone formation in this disease.
Introduction: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive heterotopic ossification of connective tissues. Whereas the primary genetic defect in this condition is unknown, BMP4 mRNA and protein and BMP receptor type IA (BMPRIA) protein are overexpressed in cultured lymphocytes from FOP patients, supporting that altered BMP signaling is involved in this disease. In this study, we examined downstream signaling targets to study the BMP–Smad and BMP–p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in FOP.
Materials and Methods: Protein phosphorylation was assayed by immunoblots, and p38 MAPK activity was measured by kinase assays. To examine BMP target genes, the mRNA expression of ID1, ID3, and MSX2 was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test or ANOVA.
Results: FOP lymphocytes exhibited increased levels of p38 phosphorylation and p38 MAPK activity in response to BMP4 stimulation. Furthermore, in response to BMP4, FOP cells overexpressed the downstream signaling targets ID1 by 5-fold and ID3 by 3-fold compared with controls. ID1 and ID3 mRNA induction was specifically blocked with a p38 MAPK inhibitor, but not extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors. MSX2, a known Smad pathway target gene, is not upregulated in control or FOP cells in response to BMP, suggesting that lymphocytes do not use this limb of the BMP pathway. However, introduction of Smad1 into lymphocytes made the cells competent to regulate MSX2 mRNA after BMP4 treatment.
Conclusions: Lymphocytes are a cell system that signals primarily through the BMP–p38 MAPK pathway rather than the BMP–Smad pathway in response to BMP4. The p38 MAPK pathway is dysregulated in FOP lymphocytes, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of FOP.
Impact of Recent Fracture on Health-Related Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Brenneman Susan K , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Sajjan Shiva , Markson Leona E , Siris Ethel S 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The effect of fractures other than hip and spine on HRQoL in younger and older women has not been extensively studied. In a cohort of 86,128 postmenopausal women, we found the impact of recent osteoporosis-related fractures on HRQoL to be similar between women &lt;65 compared with those ≥65 years of age. The impact of spine, hip, or rib fractures was greater than that of wrist fractures in both age groups.
Introduction: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after vertebral and hip fractures has been well studied. Less is known about HRQoL after fractures at other sites. We studied the effect of recent clinical fractures on HRQoL, using Short Form-12 (SF-12).
Materials and Methods: This study included 86,128 postmenopausal participants in the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA) who responded to two follow-up surveys during a 2-year interval. At each survey, they completed the SF-12 HRQoL questionnaire and reported new fractures of the hip, spine, wrist, and rib. The effect of recent fracture on HRQoL was assessed by comparing Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) means for women with and without new fractures at the second survey. Analyses were by fracture type and by age group (50–64 and 65–99) and were adjusted for PCS and MCS at the first survey.
Results: New fractures (320 hip, 445 vertebral, 657 rib, 835 wrist) occurring during the interval between the first and second follow-up surveys were reported by 2257 women. The PCS was poorer in both older and younger women who had fractured the hip, spine, or rib (p ≤ 0.001). Wrist fractures had an impact on PCS in women ≤65 years of age (p &lt; 0.001), but not older women (p &gt; 0.10). These differences in PCS by fracture status were similar to those reported for other chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and osteoarthritis. MCS was less consistently changed by fracture status, but younger and older women with vertebral fracture (p &lt; 0.004), older women with hip fracture (p &lt; 0.004), and younger women with rib fracture (p &lt; 0.004) had poorer MCS compared with those who did not fracture within their age cohort.
Conclusions: Recent osteoporosis-related fractures have significant impact on HRQoL as measured by SF-12. The impact of recent fracture on HRQoL was similar for older and younger postmenopausal women. Fracture prevention and postfracture interventions that target the subsequent symptoms are needed for postmenopausal women of any age.
A Positive Dose–Response Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Site-Specific Bone Mineral Augmentation in Adolescent Girls: A Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled 1-Year Intervention
Authors: Viljakainen Heli T , Natri Anna-Mari , Kärkkäinen Merja , Huttunen Minna M , Palssa Anette , Jakobsen Jette , Cashman Kevin D , Mølgaard Christian , Lamberg-Allardt Christel 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral augmentation in 212 adolescent girls with adequate calcium intake was studied in a randomized placebo-controlled setting. Bone mineral augmentation determined by DXA increased with supplementation both in the femur and the lumbar vertebrae in a dose-responsive manner. Supplementation decreased the urinary excretion of resorption markers, but had no impact on formation markers.
Introduction: Adequate vitamin D intake protects the elderly against osteoporosis, but there exists no indisputable evidence that vitamin D supplementation would benefit bone mineral augmentation. The aim of this 1-year study was to determine in a randomized double-blinded trial the effect of 5 and 10 μg vitamin D3 supplementation on bone mineral augmentation in adolescent girls with adequate dietary calcium intake.
Materials and Methods: Altogether, 228 girls (mean age, 11.4 ± 0.4 years) participated. Their BMC was measured by DXA from the femur and lumbar spine. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D], intact PTH (S-iPTH), osteocalcin (S-OC), and urinary pyridinoline (U-Pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (U-Dpyr) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed both with the intention-to-treat (IT) and compliance-based (CB) method.
Results: In the CB analysis, vitamin D supplementation increased femoral BMC augmentation by 14.3% with 5 μg and by 17.2% with 10 μg compared with the placebo group (ANCOVA, p = 0.012). A dose–response effect was observed in the vertebrae (ANCOVA, p = 0.039), although only with the highest dose. The mean concentration of S-25(OH)D increased (p &lt; 0.001) in the 5-μg group by 5.7 ± 15.7 nM and in the 10-μg group by 12.4 ± 13.7 nM, whereas it decreased by 6.7 ± 11.3 nM in the placebo group. Supplementation had no effect on S-iPTH or S-OC, but it decreased U-DPyr (p = 0.042).
Conclusions: Bone mineral augmentation in the femur was 14.3% and 17.2% higher in the groups receiving 5 and 10 μg of vitamin D, respectively, compared with the placebo group, but only 10 μg increased lumbar spine BMC augmentation significantly. Vitamin D supplementation decreased the concentration of bone resorption markers, but had no impact on bone formation markers, thus explaining increased bone mineral augmentation. However, the positive effects were noted with the CB method but not with IT.
HES1 Cooperates With pRb to Activate RUNX2-Dependent Transcription
Authors: Lee Jong-Seo , Thomas David M , Gutierrez Gabriel , Carty Shannon A , Yanagawa Shin-ichi , Hinds Philip W 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein, pRb, can activate the transcription factor RUNX2, an essential regulator of osteogenic differentiation, but the mechanism of this activation is unknown. Here we studied the interaction of pRb and RUNX2 with HES1, previously reported to augment RUNX2 activity. PRb can act to promote RUNX2/HES1 association with concomitant promoter occupancy and transcriptional activation in bone cells.
Introduction: RUNX2 (also known as OSF2/CBFA1) is a transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We have reported that RUNX2 can associate with the retinoblastoma protein pRb, a common tumor suppressor in bone, and the resultant complex can bind and activate transcription from bone-specific promoters. This activity of the pRb/RUNX2 complex may thus link differentiation control with tumor suppressor activity. However, the mechanism through which pRb can activate RUNX2 is unknown. HES1 is a reported co-activator of RUNX2 that shares a binding site on RUNX2 with pRb. Thus, we have tested the cooperativity among these factors in activating transcription from bone specific promoters.
Materials and Methods: Coimmunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and EMSA experiments were used to study the interaction of RUNX2, HES1, and pRb in cell lysates and on DNA. Transcriptional reporter assays were used to analyze the activity of RUNX2 in the presence and absence of HES1 and pRb.
Results: We showed that pRb can associate with HES1, a previously described RUNX2 interactor that can itself augment RUNX2-dependent transcription. The association of HES1 with RUNX2 is augmented by pRb. Furthermore, both pRb and HES1 increase the amount of RUNX2 bound to promoter sites in vivo, pRb and HES1 synergistically activate a RUNX2-dependent reporter gene, and depletion of HES1 reduces RUNX2/pRb activity.
Conclusions: These data indicate that pRb acts as a RUNX2 co-activator at least in part by recruiting HES1 into the pRb/RUNX2 complex and further elucidate a novel role for pRb as a transcriptional co-activator in osteogenesis.