bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hetero‐Interface Engineering on 9.0 wt% CoOx‐Doped CeO2 Nanorods as Electromagnetic Wave Absorber and Integrated into Multifunctional Aerogel
Authors: Huang Wenhuan , Wang Wei , Su Chenyang , Song Ming , Kang Yifan , Fei Guiqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCeria (CeO2) becomes a promising candidate as electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) for their abundant natural source, rich oxygen vacancy, charge conversion, and electron transfer abilities. However, it remains challenging to regulate its nanoscale and atom‐scale composition to optimize the absorbing performance and develop high‐performance commercial devices. Herein, a facile method to large‐scale synthesis CeO2@Co‐x% (x = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13) series EWAMs with diverse amounts of decorated CoOx is presented. By modulating the ratio of doped CoOx, a rational hetero‐interface is created in CeO2@Co‐9% to enhance natural and exchange resonances, improving magnetic loss capability and optimizing impedance matching. Doped CoOx promotes the charge accumulation, interfacial polarization, and multiple scattering of the CeO2 for strengthening the EW absorption and attenuation, which display superb minimum reflective loss (RLmin) of −74.4 dB with a wide effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) of 5.26 GHz. Furthermore, a dual crosslinking strategy is employed to fabricate CeO2@Co‐9% into an aerogel device with integrated lightweight, heat insulation, compression resistance, and fame‐retardant functions. This work presents an excellent example of large‐scale fast synthesis of high‐performance CeO2‐based EWAMs and multiplication 3D devices.
Optimized Intermediates Adsorption Configuration on Co‐Doped Fe2P@NiP2 Heterojunction Interface for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrate‐To‐Ammonia Conversion
Authors: Zheng Yinan , Tan Yuan , Yu Xin , Yao Hu , Hu Songjie , Hu Jun , Chen Zhong , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe extraction of ammonia (NH3) through electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) represents a sustainable avenue in NH3 generation and utilization. However, the catalytic efficiency of the NO3−RR is hindered by the sluggish kinetics. This study first theoretically found that phosphide‐based heterostructure can alter the adsorption structure of intermediates in the nitrate‐to‐ammonia process, thereby achieving precise regulation of the energy barrier in the rate‐determining step. Based on theoretical design, a novel Co‐doped Fe2P@NiP2 heterojunction catalyst is successfully synthesized, which deliver a notable NH3 yield rate of 0.395 mmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.7 V versus RHE, as well as a remarkable ammonia Faraday efficiency of 97.2% at −0.6 V versus RHE. Experimental and theoretical results further confirm that redistributing electrons and shifting the center of the d‐band upwards through interfacial doping modulate intermediates adsorption strength and inhibition of hydrogen evolution, leading to excellent performance in NO3−‐to‐NH3. Further integrating the Co‐Fe2P@NiP2 catalyst into a Zn‐nitrate battery exhibits a substantial voltage output of 1.49 V and a commendable power density of 13.2 mW cm−2. The heteroatom‐doped heterojunction strategy provides a versatile route for developing advanced catalysts, thereby broadening the horizons of electrocatalytic methodologies for nitrate reduction and ammonia synthesis.
Reducing Domain Density Enhances Conversion Efficiency in GeTe
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Fen , Yang Min‐Jung , Deng Jie‐Ru , Liao Chien‐Neng , Wu Hsin‐Jay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncorporating dilute doping and controlled synthesis provides a means to modulate the microstructure, defect density, and transport properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and geometric phase analysis (GPA) have revealed that hot‐pressing can increase defect density, which redistributes strain and helps prevent unwanted Ge precipitates formation. An alloy of GeTe with a minute amount of indium added has shown remarkable TE properties compared to its undoped counterpart. Specifically, it achieves a maximum figure‐of‐merit zT of 1.3 at 683 K and an exceptional TE conversion efficiency of 2.83% at a hot‐side temperature of 723 K. Significant zT and conversion efficiency improvements are mainly due to domain density engineering facilitated by an effective hot‐pressing technique applied to lightly doped GeTe. The In–GeTe alloy exhibits superior TE properties and demonstrates notable stability under significant thermal gradients, highlighting its promise for use in mid‐temperature TE energy generation systems.
Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen für Kranbahnen zur Lebensdauerverlängerung
Authors: Dürr André , Winkler Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn den meisten Industriebetrieben werden zur flurfreien Bewegung von Gütern Brückenkrane genutzt. Diese werden meist in Hallenlängsrichtung auf Kranbahnen verfahren. Durch das Bewegen der Kranbrücke sowie das Anheben oder Absetzen von Lasten entsteht für den Kranbahnträger sowie dessen Unterstützungskonstruktionen eine vorwiegend nicht ruhende Beanspruchung, wodurch ein Nachweis gegen Ermüdung erforderlich wird. Nach Ablauf der rechnerischen Lebensdauer kann ein zeitlich begrenzter Weiterbetrieb nur durch individuelle, meist aufwendige Monitoringkonzepte sichergestellt werden. Im Zuge des Forschungsprojekts NE‐Industriebau untersuchte deshalb die Hochschule München Instandsetzungs‐, Ertüchtigungs‐ und Verstärkungsmaßnahmen, welche auf kritische Konstruktionsdetails von Bestandskranbahnträgern angewendet werden können, um die Nutzungsdauer ebendieser effektiv und sicher zu verlängern. Hierfür wurden Ermüdungsversuche an kranbahntypischen Kerbdetails mit unterschiedlichem Vorschädigungsgrad und Verstärkungsmaßnahmen durchgeführt. Zur Anwendung kamen Hämmer‐ und Schleifverfahren sowie Stahllamellenverstärkungen mit unterschiedlichen Befestigungsmethoden. In diesem Beitrag werden gängige Maßnahmen zur ermüdungsgerechten Konstruktion und Verstärkung von Kranbahnträgern sowie die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse zusammengefasst.
Immediate repeated reading has positive effects on reading rate for English language learners: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Hansen Jennifer Hemmert , Eckstein Grant , Cox Troy L. , Luke Steven G. , Rich Krista 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFluent and skillful reading in English requires efficient and automatic letter and word recognition. Dysfluent reading can affect motivation for reading in English language learners, thereby limiting access to a wealth of language input from written texts. Extensive research of repeated reading in first language (L1) settings has been shown to increase reading rate, while comparatively little research has been done on repeated reading in second language (L2) settings. The objective of this eye‐tracking study was to accurately document early and late reading processes in an immediate repeated reading exercise to observe how repeated reading affects reading rate in adult English language learners. In our study, 30 students in an intensive English program in the United States read three short expository texts three times each. Eye‐tracking showed significant increases in reading rate measures in both early and late reading processes. For example, average first fixation duration decreased from the first to the third reading and average late dwell time decreased from the first to third reading. Repeated reading is an exercise that should be considered by educators to help English language learners increase their immediate reading rate.
Megastigmanes and other constituents from Achyranthes aspera
Authors: Thi Tuyet Lan Hoang , Mai Nguyen Thi , Thi Mai Anh Bui , Thi Dung Duong , Huu Tai Bui , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA new megastigmane glycoside, (3S,5R,6R,9S)‐6,9‐epoxiionane‐3,5‐diol 3‐O‐β‐primeveroside (1) together with 7 compounds (2–8) were isolated from Achyranthes aspera L. The chemical structures were elucidated through 1D‐, 2D‐ NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS experiment. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined using combination of the experimental and theoretical calculation of CD spectra. Compounds 2 and 7 were reported for the first time from the genus Achyranthes.
The role of pores in structure of polyethylenglycol diacrylate based‐inverse opal photonic crystal in binding protein applicable to optical biosensor
Authors: Phong Pham Hong , Thuong Dao Thi , Sang Nguyen Ngoc , Nghia Nguyen Trong , Lien Nghiem Thi Ha , Toan Nguyen Duc , Ha Vu Thi Thu , Thanh Le Minh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere, the role of pores in the structure of inverse opal photonic crystals (IOPC) in binding proteins in comparison with their parent photonic crystal (PC) templates has been investigated. For this purpose, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) coated with SiO2‐based PC (PEGDA/SiO2‐based PC) and PEGDA‐based IOPC were attached with fluorophore Alexa 488, which is a polyclonal secondary antibody, to investigate their fluorescence emission. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed face centered cubic (fcc) packing of the PEGDA/SiO2‐based PC. And it remained after the formation of PEGDA‐based IOPC. The presence of 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and Alexa 488 that immobilized the PEGDA‐based PC and PEGDA‐based IOPC was recognized by the appearance of bands at 850, 1175, and a dominant increase in the band at 1750 cm−1. Those were attributed to (N─H) wagging, (C─N) stretching, and (C═O) stretching vibrations, respectively. Reflectance spectra showed a blue shift of the Bragg photonic band gap of the PEGDA‐based IOPC in comparison with that of the PEGDA/SiO2‐based PC. The fluorescence images showed a significant increase in the fluorescence intensity of PEGDA‐based IOPC owing to the resonance effect. These obtained results indicated the role of pores in structure of PEGDA‐based IOPC in improvement of the attachment of Alexa 488 protein.
Isolation and anti‐inflammatory evaluation of diterpene lactones from Andrographis paniculata collected in Bac Giang province, Vietnam
Authors: Van Loc Tran , Anh Nguyen The , Thao Tran Thi Phuong , Van Chien Tran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhytochemical components of the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata collected in Bac Giang province was investigated. Fourteen compounds, including seven labdane diterpene lactones [andrographolide (1), 3,19‐isopropylidene‐andrographolide (2), andropanolide (4), 14‐deoxy‐12‐hydroxyandrographolide (5), 14‐dehydroxyandrographolide‐12‐sulfonic acid (6), 14‐deoxy‐11,12‐didehydroandrographolide (8), 14‐deoxy‐14,15‐didehydroandrographolide (11)], together with four diterpene glycosides [andrographiside (3), neoandrographolide (7), andropanoside (9), 14‐deoxy‐11,12‐didehydroandrographiside (10)], and three iridoid glycosides [harpagide (12), 6‐epi‐8‐O‐acetyl‐harpagide (13), procumbide (14)] were isolated. Among these, 14‐dehydroxyandrographolide‐12‐sulfonic acid (6) was isolated for the first time from natural resource, and for the first‐time harpagide (12) was isolated from Andrographis paniculata species. The detailed structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by analyses of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and compared to the published data. Diterpene lactones, 1–2, 5 and 10–11, were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory inhibition on LPS‐triggered inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells, in which 1 and 2 showed significantly potent inhibition on NO production with IC50 values of 1.3 and 0.34 µm, respectively.
Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles capped by Tithonia diversifolia pectin for anti‐inflammation activity
Authors: Hanh Nguyen Thi , Thuy Tran Thi Thanh , Quang Tran Huu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work reports a green method to synthesize pectin‐capped selenium nanoparticles (PT‐SeNPs) using ascorbic acid as a reductant under mild conditions. Pectin was extracted from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray plant. Pectin played the role of a capping agent preventing the agglomeration of selenium nanoparticles. The synthesized PT‐SeNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, EDX spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, FT‐IR, XRD, and TG‐DTA. The TEM and DLS techniques revealed monodispersed spherical selenium nanoparticles with sizes range of 100–200 nm. The amorphous PT‐SeNPs showed a phase transformation of nanostructure at 132 °C and a sublimation at 486 °C. The anti‐inflammatory of the obtained PT‐SeNPs was investigated in ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)‐induced rats. Rats treated with PT‐SeNPs exhibited ear edema inhibitions of 34.8%, 43.3%, and 46.7%, respectively at 30, 60 and 90 min after EPP injection.
Theoretical Definition of a Scale-up
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter draws on the literature to develop our theoretical definition of a scale-up. A critical discussion of previous literature helps distinguish between aspects that are essential or unnecessary for a definition of a scale-up. We then put forward the following five suggestions for a theoretical definition of a scale-up: (1) Scale-ups are in all sectors, not just IT; (2) Scale-ups have relatively high levels of spending on marketing and sales; (3) Scale-ups have low marginal costs of production; (4) Scale-ups are young, but not too young; (5) In defining scale-ups, we start from the set of HGFs. The chapter ends with our own theoretical definition of a scale-up.
Universality on thermodynamic relation with corrections in de Sitter black holes
Authors: Ko Junbeom , Gwak Bogeun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We herein investigate the universal relation proposed by Goon and Penco in de Sitter black holes with electric charge or angular momentum. Our analysis focuses on the cosmological horizon, which only exists in de Sitter and Nariai spacetimes. Because the relation is given in a general case, the overall relationship may be valid. However, we elucidate the details of the relation, highlighting distinctions from those of (anti-)de Sitter black holes while affirming the validity of the relation. Furthermore, based on our analysis of Schwarzschild-de Sitter, Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter, and Kerr-de Sitter black holes, we demonstrate the universality of the thermodynamic relation in de Sitter black holes.
Boosted dark matter from Centaurus A and its detection
Authors: Xia Chen , Xing Chuan-Yang , Xu Yan-Hao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dark matter can be boosted by high energy particles in astrophysical environments through elastic scattering. We study the production of boosted dark matter via scattering with electrons in the relativistic jet of the closest active galactic nucleus, Centaurus A, and its detection in the Super-Kamiokande experiment. Since there are a huge number of electrons in the jet and dark matter is extremely dense around the supermassive black hole that powers the jet, the number of boosted dark matter is tremendously large. Compared to boosted dark matter from blazars, the dark matter flux from Centaurus A is enhanced due to the proximity of Centaurus A. The constraint on dark matter-electron scattering cross section set by Super-Kamiokande is more stringent, down to ∼ 10−36 cm2 for MeV dark matter.
A background-independent algebra in quantum gravity
Authors: Witten Edward 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose an algebra of operators along an observer’s worldline as a background-independent algebra in quantum gravity. In that context, it is natural to think of the Hartle-Hawking no boundary state as a universal state of maximum entropy, and to define entropy in terms of the relative entropy with this state. In the case that the only spacetimes considered correspond to de Sitter vacua with different values of the cosmological constant, this definition leads to sensible results.
Pore form and size dependence on plastic joining characteristics of resin/metallic foam by friction stir incremental forming
Authors: Matsumoto Ryo , Kunisawa Shusuke , Utsunomiya Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA metallic foam specimen was plastically joined with a resin (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) sheet by applying friction stir incremental forming (FSIF) process. In FSIF process, a rotating flat-ended (no probe) rod tool was pushed vertically and fed horizontally against the resin sheet which was placed on the foam. The tool operation heated frictionally the resin and deformed incrementally to the resin, while the tool operation did not deform plastically to the cellular matrix of the foam. Due to the plastic flow of the heated resin, the bottom of the resin was interlocked mechanically to the pores near the top surface of the foam. In this study, the relationship between the pore morphology (form and size) and the joining characteristics (joinability, flow thickness of the resin, and joining strength) was investigated using commercial open-cell nickel and closed-cell aluminum foams. According to the experimental investigations, the foam with small size and low depression angle of the surface pore showed better results in relation with the joining strength and the (flow thickness of the resin)/(depth of the surface pore).
Directed energy deposition of PH 13–8 Mo stainless steel: microstructure and mechanical property analysis
Authors: Kas Mustafa , Muslim Talha , Yilmaz Oguzhan , Karagoz Taner , Turedi Enbiya , Gumus Serap , Bayram Alperen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLaser metal deposition (LMD) is of the directed energy deposition (DED) process which is widely used for producing large-scale, dense, and functional parts in the field of additive manufacturing (AM). This research work investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of PH 13–8 Mo martensitic stainless-steel parts produced via LMD. The workshop trials were conducted using an LMD system collaborated with a robotic arm to deposit single-track thin walls and horizontal blocks. The microstructural characteristics of the additively manufactured parts were analyzed using an optical microscope. The mechanical properties were evaluated through hardness measurements and uniaxial tensile tests. The influence of energy density and powder deposition density on the characteristic geometry of straight walls was also investigated. The microstructural analysis showed that the microstructure consisted of columnar dendrites that grew epitaxially from the substrate, with primary austenite cells containing intercellular ferrite and martensite laths that were roughly parallel with the retained austenite. When the energy density increased from 43 to 86 J/mm2 (a doubling of energy density), there was an increase in secondary dendritic arm spacing (SDAS) by approximately 250% in the first layer and approximately 90% in the top layer. The difference in SDAS change between the first and top layers can be attributed to the difference in cooling rates experienced by each layer during the additive manufacturing process. Increasing powder deposition density from 0.5 to 1 g/min results in a decrease in porosity from 3% to less than 1% and an increase in strength from 800 to over 1000 MPa. The hardness of the deposits was found to range from 300 to 400 HV. This variation in hardness can be attributed to differences in microstructure resulting from changes in cooling rates at different heights.
Outcome of parasitological examinations in dogs in Germany: a retrospective survey
Authors: Csokai Jacqueline , Heusinger Anton , Müller Elisabeth 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDog faecal samples examined from January 2019 to December 2019 were retrospectively analysed for frequency of endoparasites. The examinations were performed with several different methods: 29,219 samples were examined by flotation method and sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin concentration (SAFC) technique, 1,330 samples by Baermann-Wetzel migration technique, 12,221 samples using a Giardia coproantigen enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 1,180 samples using a Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISA, 1,671 samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Giardia duodenalis and 447 samples by PCR testing for Cryptosporidium spp.. A total of 7.1% of the samples were positive for parasites in the microscopical examination using the flotation method and SAFC technique. The parasites found included Cystoisospora spp. (2.8%), Giardia duodenalis (2.3%), Ancylostomatidae (1.8%), Toxocara canis (1.6%), Trichuris vulpis (0.7%), Toxascaris leonina (0.5%), Capillaria spp. (0.2%), Angiostrongylus vasorum (0.2%), Crenosoma vulpis (0.1%), Taeniidae (0.1%), Sarcocystis spp. (0.03%), Dipylidium caninum (0.01%), Diphyllobothrium latum (< 0.01%), Spirurida (< 0.01%) and Opisthorchiidae (< 0.01%). Using the Baermann-Wetzel migration technique, Angiostrongylus vasorum was found in 0.75% and Crenosoma vulpis in 0.3% of the samples. ELISAs for Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. revealed 13.9% and 1.0% positive faecal samples, and Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. PCRs 19.4% and 2.0%, respectively. Dogs in the first year of life were more frequently infected with parasites than older animals. In the microscopic examination using flotation method and SAFC technique, the significantly highest detection rates were found in dogs up to six months of age (p < 0.001).
Use of sawdust for production of ligninolytic enzymes by white-rot fungi and pharmaceutical removal
Authors: Hultberg M. , Golovko O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUse of white-rot fungi for enzyme-based bioremediation of wastewater is of high interest. These fungi produce considerable amounts of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes during solid-state fermentation on lignocellulosic materials such as straw and sawdust. We used pure sawdust colonized by Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, and Ganoderma lucidum for extraction of ligninolytic enzymes in aqueous suspension. Crude enzyme suspensions of the three fungi, with laccase activity range 12–43 U/L and manganese peroxidase activity range 5–55 U/L, were evaluated for degradation of 11 selected pharmaceuticals spiked at environmentally relevant concentrations. Sulfamethoxazole was removed significantly in all treatments. The crude enzyme suspension from P. ostreatus achieved degradation of wider range of pharmaceuticals when the enzyme activity was increased. Brief homogenization of the colonized sawdust was also observed to be favorable, resulting in significant reductions after a short exposure of 5 min. The highest reduction was observed for sulfamethoxazole which was reduced by 84% compared to an autoclaved control without enzyme activity and for trimethoprim which was reduced by 60%. The compounds metoprolol, lidocaine, and venlafaxine were reduced by approximately 30% compared to the control. Overall, this study confirmed the potential of low-cost lignocellulosic material as a substrate for production of enzymes from white-rot fungi. However, monitoring over time in bioreactors revealed a rapid decrease in enzymatic ligninolytic activity.