bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of U(VI)/U(IV) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) pairs and equilibrium U(VI) + 2Fe(II) ⇄ U(IV) + 2Fe(III) in solutions of unsaturated heteropolytungstates K10P2W17O61 and K8SiW11O39
Authors: Yusov A. B. , Shilov V. P. , Fedosseev A. M. , Moisy Ph. 
Published: March 2007

The unsaturated phosphotungstate K10P2W17O61 and silicotungstate K8SiW11O39 are strong and selective complexants of An(IV) in aqueous solution. In presence of these complexants, the redox properties of actinides are changed drastically due to stabilization of the tetravalent actinides.
Redox potentials of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and U(VI)/U(IV) pairs were measured in K10P2W17O61 and K8SiW11O39, solutions with various HClO4 concentration and absolute complexes stability constants of Fe(III) ions with phosphotungstate and silicotungstate ions were determined: logβabs
Fe(III)=17.4 ± 0.8 and 20.1 ± 0.8 respectively. The equilibrium constant of reaction between U(VI) and Fe(II) in 1 M HClO4 was determined. The equilibrium constant, K
eq, depends on excess of heteropolyanion, and is close to 104 in 1 M HClO4 at [P2W17O61]free ∼ 5 × 10-4 M.
Kitchen Conversations: Democracy in Action at the Lower East Side Tenement Museum
Authors: ABRAM RUTH J. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This article describes the Lower East Side Tenement Museum's ongoing public dialogue on immigration, the first in the United States. As she joins facilitators in reflecting on the importance of dialogue in a democracy, museum president Ruth J. Abram explains how and why the program was initiated, the obstacles that had to be overcome, and the public reaction to it. Kitchen Conversations represents the museum's commitment to the proposition that historic sites must function as places of civic engagement, using the history they interpret as a starting place for dialogue on related contemporary issues.
Services Trade Liberalisation and Domestic Regulations: The Developing Country Conundrum
Authors: Karmakar Suparna 
Published: March 2007

Services have become the engine of growth in a large number of economies in the developing world. Additionally, the rapid development of ICT, and emergence of transnational corporations, has not only made cross-border provision of services easier, but has also increased the demand for and trade in services; developing countries today are increasingly emerging as cost efficient providers of key business and professional services, thereby becoming key players in the services supply chain. In the absence of explicit tariff barriers, as compared to goods, over the years, countries have more intensively regulated services on grounds of protecting consumer interest and ensuring quality and excellence of professional services provided. It is also true that as cheap labour is the resource with comparative advantage in most developing countries, and especially India, access to developed country markets by means of cross-border supply and movement of natural persons have the potential of conferring the maximum benefits from services liberalisation. However, challenges for market access in developed countries in these two modes of supply lie in the range of regulatory barriers, including burdensome visa formalities, stringent quotas and qualification requirements, and discriminatory taxes, levies and standards faced by the developing country service providers. Most professions are closely regulated and certified, and often self-regulated, usually though sectoral trade associations. This paper brings out the key elements of the prevalent regulatory measures and barriers to market access for developing country service providers, and assesses how (if at all) the proposed disciplines on domestic regulations would help in securing or easing market access problems of developing country professionals in the developed country markets. An analysis of select professional services in India indicate that for developing countries in general there exist many elements in the proposed disciplines that are not only desirable but would help them to get better market access into key developed country markets. Also it appears that given the prevailing weaknesses of the domestic legal and institutional framework in most developing countries, commensurate changes in the domestic legal and regulatory systems would need to be incorporated prior to the adoption of the DR Disciplines so as to enable countries to fulfill the requirements under such disciplines. Incorporation of suitable S&DT provisions is needed to ensure proper implementation of the said disciplines and satisfy the development agenda of the Doha Round.
Prescription Drug Advertising and Patient Compliance: A Physician Agency Approach
Authors: Armantier Olivier , Namoro Soiliou 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper proposes an analysis of both doctors and patients' behavior in an agency model that accounts for the interplay between two highly debated health issues: drug advertising toward doctors and/or patients, and the serious problem of patients' noncompliance with their doctors' prescriptions. Due to the lack of individual data, we propose a structural approach inspired from the industrial organization literature. The model is estimated semiparametrically with product level data on the U.S. market for anti-glaucoma drugs. The results suggest that doctors' prescriptions are directly influenced by the probability of noncompliance, as well as advertising aimed at both doctors and patients. Advertisement toward patients (respectively, doctors) appears to have contributed to (respectively, slowed down) the reduction of the estimated average noncompliance rate.
The Impact of Midwifery-Promoting Public Policies on Medical Interventions and Health Outcomes
Authors: Miller Amalia R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper measures the impact of midwifery-promoting public policies on maternity care in the United States, using national Vital Statistics data on births spanning 1989-1999. State laws mandating insurance coverage of midwifery services are associated with an 18-percentage rise in midwife-attended births. The laws did not decrease rates of cesarean deliveries or lead to consistent effects on maternal mortality or Apgar scores. They did, however, lead to a statistically significant drop in neonatal deaths. Divergence between OLS and natural experiment estimates suggests that women are selecting into provider groups based on unobserved preferences and health.
Do Teachers Really Leave for Higher Paying Jobs in Alternative Occupations?
Authors: Scafidi Benjamin , Sjoquist David L. , Stinebrickner Todd R. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There is a common perception that teacher attrition is driven in large part by the allure of higher paying jobs in alternative occupations. However, little is known about what teachers do when they leave teaching. We examine the extent to which teachers leave teaching for higher paying jobs by merging several years of administrative teacher records from the education system in Georgia with salary information from the Georgia Department of Labor. We find strong evidence that very few of those who leave teaching take jobs that pay more than their salary as teachers.
Corruption, Environmental Resources, and International Trade
Authors: Ranjan Priya , Bakshi Baishali 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It is shown how corruption in the management of environmental resources can give rise to a comparative advantage in environment-intensive industries. International trade, in this setting, is not necessarily welfare improving. When corruption responds endogenously to the over-exploitation of resources, it is possible for international trade to generate forces that improve resource management by reducing corruption. Therefore, in this case trade could provide gains in addition to the usual gains.
Relative Performance, Risk and Entry in the Mutual Fund Industry
Authors: Loranth Gyongyi , Sciubba Emanuela 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of the emergence of new funds on the portfolio decisions of mutual fund managers who are evaluated on the basis of relative performance within a dynamic model. Recent theoretical literature has pointed to the inefficiencies in portfolio selection caused by relative performance evaluation of fund managers. We find that the on-going process of creation of new funds, by posing an entry threat to the incumbent fund managers, greatly alleviates these inefficiencies. Hence the transitory market structure that characterises the mutual fund industry could explain why relative performance evaluation is widely in use.
The Effects of Political Action Committee Contributions on Medical Liability Legislation
Authors: Wolaver Amy M , Magee Christopher S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper examines representatives' voting on the HEALTH Act of 2003, which proposed a limit on noneconomic damages in medical malpractice lawsuits. The estimates show that the more campaign contributions a representative received from law firm PACs, the less likely he or she was to vote for the bill, while money from insurance and health care industry PACs increased the likelihood of an aye vote. These effects remain after controlling for the endogeneity of campaign contributions. Other factors affecting voting decisions include party affiliation, representative ideology, whether or not the representative was an attorney, the change in state malpractice premiums and payouts, and the change in the number of doctors in the state. There is no strong evidence that the AMA's strategy of naming certain states as being in "crisis" increased the probability that representatives from those states supported the bill.
The Impact of Digital File Sharing on the Music Industry: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Michel Norbert J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The first file-sharing software, Napster, was shut down in 2001, but the copying technologys impact on the music industry is still passionately debated. This paper uses micro-level data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey to examine the impact of Internet file sharing on music sales. Music industry representatives argue that the practice decreases CD sales, while supporters of file-sharing allege the practice could actually increase sales. Using household-level data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey, we find support for the claim that file-sharing has decreased sales.
Absorptive Capacity in R&D Joint Ventures When Basic Research Is Costly
Authors: Frascatore Mark R. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
``Absorptive capacity"  a firm's ability to assimilate information acquired from other firms  can depend on the amount of basic research it conducts. The optimal expenditures on basic research depend on its costs, and these expenditures in turn affect the amount of applied research a firm conducts to lower production costs. This paper shows that firms' expenditures on basic research can differ from the socially optimal levels, and the difference depends on the magnitude of the basic research costs and the amount of research collaboration between the firms. Policy responses that could bring firm behavior in line with that which is socially desirable are discussed as well.
Did the Death of Australian Inheritance Taxes Affect Deaths?
Authors: Gans Joshua S , Leigh Andrew 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In 1979, Australia abolished federal inheritance taxes. Using daily deaths data, we show that approximately 50 deaths were shifted from the week before the abolition to the week after. This amounts to over half of those who would have been eligible to pay the tax. Although we cannot rule out the possibility that our results are driven by misreporting, our results imply that over the very short run, the death rate may be highly elastic with respect to the inheritance tax rate.
Risk, Fairness, and the Geography of Disaster
Authors: Verchick Robert R.M. 
Published: March 2007

This article examines risk and distributional fairness as they relate the Hurricane Katrina disaster and climate change. To be sure, these catastrophes are different. Katrina was regional, not global, and was fast-acting. Climate change is global, slow-moving and will come in multiple stages in a series of sudden and incremental changes throughout the world. Yet both present challenges for policy makers concerned with managing risk and protecting the most vulnerable members of society. The issues of risk management and social vulnerability are both tied to geography, an additional theme that helps shed light on the interconnection between the Katrina tragedy and climate change.
An overly narrow focus on cost-benefit studies kept the United States from adequately appreciating the destructive force of Gulf hurricanes and the vulnerability of its levees and land-use policies. This same attention to cost-benefit analysis is similarly distorting the threats that global warming now poses. A lack of attention to America's social safety net also insured that the destruction of Hurricane Katrina would place an enormously disproportionate burden on minorities, women, the poor, and other vulnerable groups. Today's predictions of climate disruption envision a similarly disproportionate burden on the world's poor, women, and people of color. Yet without aggressive efforts to strengthen the physical and economic infrastructures of developing countries, particularly those in Africa and southern Asia, the world's weakest (and least culpable) peoples will bear the brunt of global catastrophe.
This article argues that the same ideas now recommended for New Orleans—a more precautionary risk-management approach and a strengthening of the social safety net—are the same prescriptions for the international community as it faces the prospects of global warming. In keeping with the theme of geography, the article includes a series of thought-provoking, full-color maps to suggest that what we see is unavoidably linked to how we see it.
The Pro-collusive Effect of Increasing the Repose Period for Price Fixing Agreements
Authors: Hinloopen Jeroen 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Intuitively, extending the period of repose for price fixing agreements enhances the effectiveness of competition policy enforcement. This paper proves this intuition wrong. As extending the repose period reduces cartel members' defection payoff while it leaves unaltered expected compliance profits, it induces cartels to be more stable internally.
The Transactions Demand for Credit Cards
Authors: Johnson Kathleen W. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
I argue that the measure of credit card debt used by researchers has grown rapidly in part because it captures debt arising from transactions in which a credit card is used because of its advantages over other payment instruments. Increases in debt stemming from such use may not signal greater household financial vulnerability if households are willing and able to repay this short-term debt. However, it may suggest that the cost of using credit cards to pay for purchases has declined relative to other payment instruments. I conclude that had transactions demand remained at its real 1992 levels, rather than growing almost 15 percent per year, measured credit card debt would have grown a bit less than 1 percentage point slower per year between 1992 and 2001. Moreover, I show that removing transactions demand from aggregate consumer credit can alter conclusions about the relationship between credit and consumption.
Market Power Effects on Market Equilibrium in Ambient Permit Markets
Authors: Schwartz Sonia 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses market power effects in ambient permit markets. We consider a dominant firm in a position to exert market power in several markets. A first conclusion is that the distortion observed on manipulated markets spreads to other markets. We find that the manipulated prices could be lower than their competitive level if the dominant firm acts as a monopolist, and higher if it acts as a monopsonist. We show that the efficient outcome is not reached, except if the number of firms is the same as the number of markets whatever the initial endowment of permits. If not, the efficient outcome can be reached by means of initial endowments.
The Marginal Propensity to Spend on Adult Children
Authors: Altonji Joseph G , Villanueva Ernesto 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We use mortality rates and age specific estimates of the response of transfers and wealth to lifetime resources to estimate how much of an extra dollar of parental lifetime resources will ultimately be passed on to adult children in the form of inter vivos transfers and bequests. We find that parents pass on between 2 and 3 cents of an extra dollar of expected lifetime resources in bequests and about 3 cents in transfers, which together amount to about one fifth of our rough estimate of the marginal propensity to spend on children under 18 and on college. The value of .4 relating earnings of the child to earnings of the parent rises to about .46 when the effect of parental earnings on bequests and transfers is added on, although the estimate is lower for nonwhites and varies with assumptions about the intergenerational earnings correlation and the number of children.
State Graduation Requirements, High School Course Taking, and Choosing a Technical College Major
Authors: Federman Maya 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
I examine the changing patterns of enrollment of females and males in mathematics and science courses in high school between roughly the classes of 1982 and 1992. Course taking has increased in both subjects and, notably, the gender gap has closed. I also examine the impact of state graduation requirements on course taking patterns for males and females. Higher graduation requirements in mathematics and science are associated with increased course taking and the magnitude is similar for both females and males. Finally, I investigate the relationship between high school math and science course taking and college major choice for the latter cohort. Ability and taste are likely to affect both high school course selection and college major and students planning on choosing a technical major are more likely to choose to take additional math and science courses in high school. To address this issue of selection bias, I first include direct measures of ability and taste and then use variation in state graduation requirements to instrument for increased course taking. I find that the number of high school mathematics courses taken has a positive effect on the probability that a student chooses a technical major in college and that this result appears robust to correction for selection bias.
A Model of Dysfunctional Urges and Addiction with an Application to Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Glazer Jacob , Weiss Andrew M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We model economic decisions as stemming from urges. The magnitude of the urge is a function of previous consumption. Welfare gains from satisfying an urge vary with the nature of the urge. An urge is "dysfuntional" if people are willing to incur costs to stop themselves from gratifying that urge. The simple framework we develop captures the essential features of other, more complex models of addiction and problems of self control. We apply the model to analyze cigarette smoking. Our main results are that, under not implausible conditions, making cigarettes more addictive can reduce smoking and making cigarettes more harmful can improve the average health of the population.
Gasoline Price Differences: Taxes, Pollution Regulations, Mergers, Market Power, and Market Conditions
Authors: Chouinard Hayley H , Perloff Jeffrey M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Retail and wholesale gasoline prices vary over time and across geographic locations due to differences in government policies and other factors that affect demand, costs, and market power. We use a two-equation, reduced-form model to determine the relative importance of these various factors using panel data for 48 states over nine years. We find that the variation in the price of crude oil has been virtually the only major factor contributing to gasoline price variations during the 1990s. Tax variations and mergers contribute substantially more to geographic price differentials than do price discrimination, cost factors, or pollution controls.
Disability Testing and Retirement
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , Lozachmeur Jean-Marie , Pestieau Pierre 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We study the design of retirement and disability policies and illustrate the often observed exit from the labor force of healthy workers through disability insurance schemes. In our model, two types of individuals, disabled and leisure-prone ones, have the same disutility for labor and cannot be distinguished. However, they are not counted in the same way in social welfare. We determine first- and second-best optimal benefit levels and retirement ages. Then we introduce the possibility of testing that can sort out disabled workers from healthy but retirement-prone workers. We show that such testing can increase both social welfare and the rate of participation of elderly workers; in addition disabled workers are better taken care of. It is not optimal to test all applicants. Surprisingly, the (second-best) solution may imply later retirement for the disabled than for the leisure-prone. In that case, the disabled are compensated by higher benefits.
The Short and Long Run Effects of Daylight Saving Time on Fatal Automobile Crashes
Authors: Sood Neeraj , Ghosh Arkadipta 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Prior literature suggests that Daylight Saving Time (DST) can both increase the risk of automobile crashes in the short run and decrease the risk of automobile crashes in the long run. We use 28 years (1976-2003) of automobile crash data from the United States, and exploit a natural experiment arising from a 1986 federal law that changed the time when states switched to DST to identify the short run and long run effects of DST on automobile crashes. Our findings suggest that (1) DST has no significant detrimental effect on automobile crashes in the short run; (2) DST significantly reduces automobile crashes in the long run with a 8-11% fall in crashes involving pedestrians, and a 6-10% fall in crashes for vehicular occupants in the weeks after the spring shift to DST.
Academic Journal Prices in a Digital Age: A Two-Sided Market Model
Authors: McCabe Mark J , Snyder Christopher M. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Digital-age technologies promise to revolutionize the market for academic journals as they have other media. We model journals as intermediaries linking authors with readers in a two-sided market. We use the model to study the division of fees between authors and readers under various market structures, ranging from monopoly to free entry. The results help explain why print journals traditionally obtained most of their revenue from subscription fees. The results raise the possibility that digitization may lead to a proliferation of online journals targeting various author types. The paper contributes to the literature on two-sided markets in its analysis of free-entry equilibrium and modeling of product-quality certification.
The Effect of Smoking Bans on Bars and Restaurants: An Analysis of Changes in Employment
Authors: Adams Scott , Cotti Chad D. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Many communities and several states prohibit smoking in bars or restaurants. Using county-level data on employment from across the US, we find that communities where smoking is banned experience reductions in bar employment compared with counties that allow smoking. Smoking bans have a larger detrimental impact on bars in geographic areas with a high prevalence of smokers. The relative effect on restaurant employment is neutral or mildly positive. The positive effects are concentrated in areas with fewer smokers. We also find that bans have a positive effect on restaurant employment in warmer regions of the country, especially during the cooler winter months, and in the summer in colder regions. This suggests the prevalence of outdoor seating might influence the policy's effect.