bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective effect of intrathecal ketorolac in spinal cord ischemia in rats: a microdialysis study
Authors: Hsieh Y.‐C. , Cheng H. , Chan K.‐H. , Chang W.‐K. , Liu T.‐M. , Wong C.‐S. 
Published: March 2007

Background: The prevention of ischemic paraplegia after thoracoabdominal aortic surgery is challenging for both anesthesiologists and surgeons. In a previous study, we showed that intrathecal ketorolac pre‐treatment protects rats against ischemic spinal cord injury. In the present study, using a microdialysis method, we investigated whether this neuroprotective effect was related to changes in the spinal cord release of nitric oxide (NO) or the excitatory amino acids (EAAs) aspartate and glutamate.Methods: Rats were randomized to receive either intrathecal saline or ketorolac 60 μg (10 rats per group), 1 h before spinal cord ischemic injury induced by balloon inflation of a 2F Fogarty catheter in the thoracic aorta with maintenance of the proximal arterial blood pressure at 40 mmHg for 11 min, followed by reperfusion. Another 10 animals were used as the sham‐operated control group. Ischemic injury was assessed by hind limb motor function. Cerebrospinal fluid dialysates were collected at baseline (before ischemia) and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after the start of reperfusion, and were analyzed for EAAs using high‐performance liquid chromatography and for NO metabolites using an NO analyzer.Results: The results showed that intrathecal ketorolac attenuated spinal cord ischemic injury. Dialysate concentrations of NO and EAAs were increased after spinal cord ischemia, and this effect was inhibited by intrathecal administration of ketorolac.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the neuroprotective effect of intrathecal ketorolac in spinal cord ischemia in rats may be caused by a decrease in the spinal cord release of NO and EAAs.
A solvent/detergent‐treated and 15‐nm filtered factor VIII: a new safety standard for plasma‐derived coagulation factor concentrates
Authors: Chtourou S. , Porte P. , Nogré M. , Bihoreau N. , Cheesman E. , Samor B. , Sauger A. , Raut S. , Mazurier C. 
Published: March 2007

Background  Since the early 1990s the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products has set the mandatory requirement that all manufacturing processes for blood products include two virus removal/inactivation steps that are complementary in their action.Objectives  The objective was to develop a manufacturing process for factor VIII (FVIII) including two complementary steps of viral inactivation/elimination.Methods  A 35–15 nm nanofiltration step was added to a former FVIII manufacturing process that included solvent/detergent (S/D) treatment to generate a new FVIII concentrate called Factane®. The impact of nanofiltration on the structural and functional characteristics of FVIII, as well as virus/transmissible spongiform encephalopathy reduction factors were assessed.Results  Using an innovative approach, FVIII was successfully nanofiltered at 35–15 nm, while the biological properties of the active substance were unmodified. FVIII coagulant and antigen content for Factane® and previous S/D‐treated FVIII (FVIII‐LFB, commercialized as Facteur VIII‐LFB®) were comparable. The FVIII one‐stage chromogenic and coagulant/antigen ratios confirmed that nanofiltered FVIII was not activated. After nanofiltration, the copurified von Willebrand factor (vWF) was reduced but vWF/FVIII binding properties were unaffected. Phospholipid binding and thrombin proteolysis studies displayed no differences between Factane® and FVIII‐LFB. The rate of factor Xa generation was slightly lower for Factane® when compared to FVIII‐LFB. Viral validation studies with different viruses showed no detectable virus in the filtrate.Conclusions  Nanofiltration of FVIII at 15 nm is feasible despite the large molecular weight of FVIII and vWF. Nanofiltration has been proven to be highly effective at removing infectious agents while preserving the structural and functional integrity of FVIII.
Insulin‐like growth factor I in growing thoroughbreds
Authors: Staniar W. B. , Kronfeld D. S. , Akers R. M. , Harris P. A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe objective of this longitudinal study was to characterize growth and plasma insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) concentrations in pasture‐raised thoroughbreds fed two sources of dietary energy. Mares and foals were randomly assigned to either a sugar and starch (SS) or fat and fibre (FF)‐rich feed, and plasma IGF‐I and growth were measured once a month from 1 to 16 months of age. These dependent variables were also compared with day length and ambient temperature. There was an association between plasma IGF‐I concentration and average daily gain (ADG) (r = 0.32, p < 0.001). There were also clear seasonal patterns in both ADG and plasma IGF‐I, with high values in June and May, and a low value in March. Plasma IGF‐I and ADG were positively associated with day length and temperature. Plasma IGF‐I was never higher (p > 0.10) in the FF group when compared with the SS group, and was higher in the SS group during a rapid growth phase in the spring of year 2 (p < 0.10). The results establish an association between ADG and IGF‐I in the horse and indicate that environment and age may influence this relationship. In addition, plasma IGF‐I is influenced by dietary energy source at particular times of year. This link has important implications in designing feeding management strategies that are aimed at addressing skeletal development.
Oestradiol, but not genistein, inhibits the rise in food intake following gonadectomy in cats, but genistein is associated with an increase in lean body mass
Authors: Cave N. J. , Backus R. C. , Marks S. L. , Klasing K. C. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe prevalence of obesity in domestic cats is increasing worldwide, and is strongly associated with gonadectomy. We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of oestradiol in reducing food intake in both male and female neutered cats. This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that oestradiol or genistein would prevent the increase in food intake following gonadectomy of male and female cats, and would prevent an increase in body fat mass. Three groups of eight cats each were surgically neutered then treated daily with either 0.5 μg oestradiol subcutaneously, 100 mg/kg genistein orally, or vehicle only. Effect of treatment on food intake, vaginal cytology and body weight were recorded, and body composition was assayed using the D2O isotopic dilution method. Neutering was followed by an increase in food intake, bodyweight and body fat mass in the control group, which were almost completely prevented by treatment with oestradiol (p < 0.001). Treatment with genistein had no effect on food intake or bodyweight increase, but was associated with a significant increase in lean body mass (p = 0.018), and significantly less body fat accumulation than the control group (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in responses to treatment between sexes. These findings demonstrate the importance of gonadal oestrogen for the control of food intake in male and female cats, and suggest the provision of an oestrogenic compound could help prevent obesity following neutering. In addition, the findings of this study are consistent with observations in rodents of the efficacy of genistein in inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lean body tissue development.
Effects of Fusarium toxins on growth, humoral immune response and internal organs in weaner pigs, and the efficacy of apple pomace as an antidote
Authors: Gutzwiller A. , Czeglédi L. , Stoll P. , Bruckner L. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA feeding trial using 220 weaner pigs which comprised two experimental series was conducted to investigate the effects of diets contaminated with the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) and to test the hypothesis that apple pomace acts as an antidote to these mycotoxins. Two diets without contaminated wheat, containing either no pomace or 8% pomace, and two diets with naturally contaminated wheat (3.2 mg DON and 0.06 mg ZON, and 2.1 mg DON and 0.25 mg ZON per kg diet in series 1 and 2 respectively), containing either no pomace or 8% pomace were fed ad libitum for 5 weeks. Mycotoxin exposure lowered feed intake (p < 0.01) and growth (p = 0.05), and tended to decrease the energy conversion ratio (p = 0.06). Although the intake of apple pomace did not increase feed intake, it increased the growth rate (p = 0.04), mainly by restoring growth in the presence of mycotoxins (p = 0.08 for the interaction mycotoxin × pomace). In the first experimental series, the animals were immunized with a parvovirus vaccine. The percentage of seroconverting animals did not differ between the treatments (p = 0.56), which indicates that DON did not affect the humoral immune response. In the second experimental series, female piglets fed the contaminated diets had heavier uteri than piglets fed the uncontaminated diets (p < 0.01), regardless of pomace supplementation. The results show that pomace may alleviate the negative effect of DON on growth but does not counteract the hormonal effects of ZON.
The influence of dietary tannin supplementation on digestive performance in captive black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
Authors: Clauss M. , Castell J. C. , Kienzle E. , Dierenfeld E. S. , Flach E. J. , Behlert O. , Ortmann S. , Streich W. J. , Hummel J. , Hatt J.‐M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryFree‐ranging browsers such as the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) consume a diet that contains tannins, whereas the diets offered to them in captivity consist mostly of items known to contain hardly any such secondary plant compounds. Tannins could have potentially beneficial effects, including the chelation of dietary iron (iron storage disease is a common problem in black rhinos). Here, we tested the acceptance, and the consequences on digestion variables, of a low‐dose tannin supplementation in captive animals. Eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions were used. Faecal output was quantified by total faecal collection. Diets fed were regular zoo diets supplemented with either tannic acid (T, hydrolysable tannin) or quebracho (Q, condensed tannins); overall tannin source intake increased at 5–15 g/kg dry matter (DM) in relation to regular zoo diets. Adaptation periods to the new diets were >2 months. Additional data were taken from one hitherto unpublished study. Data were compared to measurements in the same animals on their regular zoo diets. All animals accepted the new diets without hesitation. There was no influence of tannin supplementation on digestion coefficients of DM and its constituents, or faecal concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids or lactate. Water intake did not increase during tannin supplementation. Should the inclusion of dietary tannin sources be an objective in the development of diets for captive rhinoceroses, moderate doses such as used in this study are unlikely to cause relevant depressions of digestive efficiency and will not interfere with bacterial fermentation in a relevant way.
Composition of individual nucleobases in diets containing different products from bacterial biomass grown on natural gas, and digestibility in mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Mydland L. T. , Frøyland J. R. K. , Skrede A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe objectives of the present study were to quantify the amount of nucleic acids, to examine the nucleobase composition and to determine the digestibility of individual nucleobases in diets containing various products from bacterial biomass grown on natural gas, including autolytic and hydrolytic fractions, using mink (Mustela vison) as a model animal. The diets consisted of cod fillet (control), commercial basic BioProtein®, and five experimentally produced autolytic and hydrolytic fractions of the bacterial protein meal as protein sources. Each diet was assigned to four adult male mink, housed individually in cages equipped for controlled feeding and quantitative collection of faeces. Faeces were collected for 4 days, and the individual nucleobases in diet and faeces were analysed by HPLC after hydrolysis using HClO4. The content of nucleobases in the diets containing bacterial protein meal was 37% to 205% higher than in the control diet. The nucleobase‐nitrogen in the control diet amounted to 4.3% of the total nitrogen content, whereas the experimental bacterial protein diets contained from 7.4% to 17.4% of the total N content in the form of nucleic acids. The various methods used to produce the bacterial protein fractions clearly affected both the amount of nucleic acids and the molar proportions of the individual nucleobases. The average digestibility of the nucleobases was 95%, and all the individual nucleobases were highly digestible. Uracil showed the highest digestibility (on average 96.8%), whereas thymine showed the lowest digestibility (on average 93.6%).
Increasing dietary crude protein does not increase the methionine requirement in kittens*†‡
Authors: Strieker M. J. , Morris J. G. , Kass P. H. , Rogers Q. R. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine if the methionine (met) requirement of kittens is correlated with the concentration of dietary crude protein (CP). The study used 48 male kittens in two replications of six 4 × 4 Latin squares, each representing one concentration of met (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 6.0 or 9.0 g/kg diet) with four CP concentrations (150, 200, 300 and 500 g/kg diet) in 2‐week periods. Cystine was present in the lowest CP diet at 5.3 g/kg diet and increased as dietary CP increased. Body weight gain, food intake, nitrogen balance and plasma amino acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, somatomedin C, T3and T4concentrations on day 12 were measured. From breakpoint analysis of the nitrogen retention curves, the met requirement of kittens was found to be 3.1, 3.8, 3.1 and 2.4 g met/kg for the 150, 200, 300 and 500 g CP/kg diets, respectively. When met was limiting (1.5 or 2.5 g/kg diet), increasing dietary CP did not decrease, but rather increased food intake, body weight gain and nitrogen retention. Plasma met concentrations increased as dietary met increased and at 2.5–3.5 g met/kg diet were not different among kittens fed the various CP diets. Total plasma T3and T4increased significantly as dietary CP increased in kittens given the 2.5 and 4.5 g met/kg diets. Results indicate that food intake and possibly altered hormonal secretion play a role in this growth response. In conclusion, the met requirement of growing kittens, unlike omnivores and herbivores studied, was not positively correlated with the concentration of dietary CP.
GAD65 autoantibody epitopes in adult patients with latent autoimmune diabetes following GAD65 vaccination
Authors: Bekris L. M. , Jensen R. A. , Lagerquist E. , Hall T. R. , Agardh C.‐D. , Cilio C. M. , Lethagen Å. L. , Lernmark Å. , Robertson J. A. , Hampe C. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAims  Subcutaneous injection of recombinant human GAD65 (rhGAD65) in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) correlates with an increase in C‐peptide levels. In this study we analysed the effect of rhGAD65 administration on the GAD65‐specific autoimmune response.Methods  Longitudinal serum samples obtained from LADA patients (n = 47) who received 4, 20, 100 or 500 µg alum‐formulated rhGAD65 or placebo by subcutaneous injection twice (4 weeks apart) were analysed for their epitope recognition using GAD65‐specific recombinant Fab and GAD65/67 fusion proteins.Results  Overall, minor changes in the epitope pattern were observed using either approach. Only in the 500‐µg dosage group was an increase in GAD65Ab level associated with a significant increase in the binding to a conformational epitope located at the middle part of GAD65.Conclusions  Our data suggest that the apparent beneficial effects of 20 µg alum‐formulated recombinant human GAD65 is not explained by changes in the GAD65Ab epitope pattern.
Combination therapy with an ACE inhibitor and an angiotensin receptor blocker for diabetic nephropathy: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Jennings D. L. , Kalus J. S. , Coleman C. I. , Manierski C. , Yee J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAims  Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Studies suggest that combination renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)‐inhibiting therapy provides additive benefit in DN. However, these studies are small in size. We performed a meta‐analysis of studies investigating combination therapy for DN.Methods  Studies were identified through a search of medline, embase, cinahl and the Cochrane Database. All trials involving combined ACEI and ARB for slowing progression of DN were included. The primary end point was 24‐h urinary protein excretion. Blood pressure, serum potassium and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were secondary end points.Results  In the 10 included trials, 156 patients received ACEI + ARB and 159 received ACEI only. Most studies were 8–12 weeks in duration. Proteinuria was reduced with ACEI + ARB (P = 0.01). This was associated with significant statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.005). ACEI + ARB was associated with a reduction in GFR [3.87 ml/min (7.32–0.42); P = 0.03] and a trend towards an increase in serum creatinine (6.86 µmol/l 95% CI −0.76–13.73; P = 0.09). Potassium was increased by 0.2 (0.08–0.32) mmol/l (P < 0.01) with ACEI + ARB. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced by 5.2 (2.1–8.4) mmHg (P < 0.01) and 5.3 (2.2–8.4) mmHg (P < 0.01), respectively.Conclusions  This meta‐analysis suggests that ACEI + ARB reduces 24‐h proteinuria to a greater extent than ACEI alone. This benefit is associated with small effects on GFR, serum creatinine, potassium and blood pressure. These results should be interpreted cautiously as most of the included studies were of short duration and the few long‐term studies (12 months) have not demonstrated benefit.
Subclinical right ventricular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus—an ultrasonic strain/strain rate study
Authors: Kosmala W. , Przewlocka‐Kosmala M. , Mazurek W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAims  While left ventricular dysfunction has been recognized to be a common complication of diabetes mellitus, data regarding right ventricular (RV) performance in patients with diabetes are incomplete. The aim of the study was to determine the preclinical effects of diabetes on regional RV systolic and diastolic function in asymptomatic persons with diabetes using the echocardiographic strain/strain rate technique.Methods  Groups studied consisted of 33 subjects with diabetes only (DM; aged 57.3 ± 12.9 years) and 40 subjects with coexisting diabetes and hypertension (DMHT; aged 57.5 ± 10.5 years). In all patients with diabetes, coronary artery disease and pulmonary hypertension were excluded. Thirty‐six healthy age‐matched persons served as control subjects. In each patient an echocardiographic study with strain/strain rate imaging was performed. Analysis of RV deformation data included assessment of systolic strain, peak systolic strain rate (SRs) and peak early diastolic strain rate (SRe) obtained from the basal and apical segments of the RV free wall.Results  Significantly lower values of systolic strain and SRs in the basal and apical segment of the RV free wall in the DM and DMHT groups as compared with control subjects indicated impairment of RV systolic function. Similarly, decreased SRe in patients with diabetes in both RV segments examined reflected abnormalities of RV diastolic performance. The systolic defects were more pronounced in the apical than in the basal segment. All measured parameters were similar in the two groups with diabetes.Conclusion  Diabetes mellitus is associated with subclinical RV systolic and diastolic dysfunction, regardless of coexisting hypertension.
Systematic literature review: quality of life associated with insulin pump use in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Barnard K. D. , Lloyd C. E. , Skinner T. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim  To review systematically the published literature addressing whether continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) provides any quality of life benefits to people with Type 1 diabetes.Methods  Electronic databases and published references were searched and a consultation with two professional groups was undertaken to identify relevant studies published up to July 2005. A multistep selection process was then undertaken to identify those articles which met the specific selection criteria, which were then critically reviewed.Results  Eighty‐four potential relevant articles were identified from examination of titles and abstracts published during the specified time frame. Of these, 28 articles were retrieved in full text, of which 17 fulfilled the specific criteria for inclusion. Mixed results emerged from existing literature. Of the five randomized controlled trials, three reported mixed results, with one study reporting quality of life benefits and one reporting no evidence of quality of life benefits.Conclusions  There is conflicting evidence reported in the various studies on the quality of life benefits of CSII in Type 1 diabetes. Existing research is flawed, making a judgement about the quality of life benefits of insulin pump use difficult. There is no strong evidence against quality of life benefits associated with CSII or otherwise, with poor methodology and inconsistent assessment of quality of life clouding the issue. The lack of reported benefit is probably a function of this rather than pump therapy not offering any quality of life benefits.
Patient and professional accuracy of recalled treatment decisions in out‐patient consultations
Authors: Skinner T. C. , Barnard K. , Cradock S. , Parkin T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAims  To test the assumption that professional recall of consultation decisions is valid and more accurate than patient recall of consultation decisions.Methods  One hundred and thirty‐four consultations between diabetes specialist nurses and diabetes specialist dietitians in an adult out‐patient diabetes service were audiotaped. Patients and professionals were asked to recall the treatment decisions made immediately after the consultation. Patient participants were also asked to complete the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCC). Recalled decisions, by patient and professional participants, were then compared with those extracted from the audio tapes, and with each other.Results  The mean duration of consultations was 27 min. Patients recalled a mean of 2.5 (sd 1.4) decisions per consultation, and professionals a mean of 3.2 (sd 1.6) decisions per consultation. A mean of 2.2 (sd 1.1, range 0–4) decisions per consultation were identified on the audiotapes. Patients recalled a mean of 2.3 (sd 1.4, range 0–6) decisions per consultations that could not be found on the tapes, with professionals recalling a mean of 1.7 (sd 1.2, range 0–6) decisions per consultation that could not be found on the tape. More autonomy, as measured by the HCCQ, was correlated with better professional recall (r = 0.17; P < 0.05).Conclusions  Both patients and professionals have poor recall of decisions made in diabetes out‐patient consultations. Although the mean professional recall is marginally better than that of the patients, they recall a vast number of unmade decisions and the implications of these being recorded in patients’ notes is substantial.