bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CORTICOTROPHIN PEPTIDES WITH HOMO-ARGININE, LYSINE OR ORNITHINE SUBSTITUTED FOR ARGININE IN POSITION 8
Authors: Tesser Godefridus I. , Maier René , Schenkel-Hullinger Lotte , Barthe Pierre L. , Kamber Bruno , Rittel Werner 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The steroidogenic and lipolytic activities of corticotrophin-(1–24)-tetracosapeptide and [Lys17,18]corticotrophin-(1-18)-octadecapeptide amide were compared with those of the corresponding analogues variously substituted in position 8 with homo-arginine, ornithine or lysine. Peptides substituted with homo-arginine showed a surprisingly high degree of biological activity; in all the tests performed, the loss of activity due to the substitution did not exceed a factor of 3 to 10, while peptides substituted with ornithine or lysine in position 8 only showed residual biological activity or none at all, depending on the test system used. The results reported demonstrated that the presence of a guanidino group (arginine or homo-arginine side chain) in position 8 of the ACTH peptide is essential for the preservation of a high level of biological activity; the length of the aliphatic chain carrying the guanidino group is of minor importance.
A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF MEASURING TESTOSTERONE IN PLASMA: COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING, RADIOIMMUNOASSAY WITHOUT CHROMATOGRAPHY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY INCLUDING THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Pirke K. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three methods of measuring testosterone in male plasma were compared: A competitive protein binding technique using testosterone binding globulin, a radioimmunoassay including thin layer chromatography and a radioimmunoassay without chromatography. The antiserum obtained by immunization of rabbits with testosterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oximebovine-serum-albumin was characterized by its titer, affinity and specificity. The reliability criteria of the three methods were compared. Reagent blanks and the limit of detection were about 10 times higher in the competitive protein binding method than in the radioimmunoassay. The testosterone concentrations determined by the radioimmunoassay including chromatography and by the competitive protein binding method were in good agreement (y = 1.01 x, r = 0.96). There was a good agreement between the radioimmunoassay techniques (y = 1.05 x, r = 0.96). The results of the radioimmunoassay without chromatography were on an average 6.5 % higher than those of the radioimmunoassay including chromatography. The radioimmunoassay without chromatography is considered to be a reliable and practical routine method of measuring testosterone in male plasma. Normal values of 51 males ranged from 315 to 965 ng/100 ml (95 percentiles) with a median of 545 ng/100 ml.
SERUM THYROTROPHIN AND CIRCULATING THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES IN SUBJECTS WITH NON-TOXIC GOITRE AND IN EUTHYROID SUBJECTS WHO HAD UNDERGONE SUBTOTAL THYROIDECTOMY OR RADIOIODINE THERAPY
Authors: Gordin Ariel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
As part of a multiphasic health examination in two regions in the east of Finland, 5492 adult subjects were studied in the province of Kainuu and 2767 in the city of Joensuu. The general prevalence of goitre was 6.0 % in the Kainuu region and 4.2 % in Joensuu and that of frank hypothyroidism 0.3 and 0.4 %, respectively. The serum thyrotrophin (TSH) and circulating thyroglobulin antibodies (TgA) were determined in subjects with non-toxic goitre, in euthyroid subjects who had undergone thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy, and in matched controls without thyroid disease.
In a group of 99 subjects with non-toxic goitre the mean serum TSH (2.9 μU/ml) did not differ from the mean (2.9 μU/ml) of the 40 corresponding controls. Of the 36 subjects who were euthyroid after thyroidectomy without recurrent goitre, 9 had an elevated serum TSH level, and the mean value for this group (5.8 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean (3.5 μU/ml) for the 36 controls. Of the 19 subjects with recurrent non-toxic goitre, 2 had an elevated serum TSH level, but the mean value (5.0 μU/ml) was not significantly higher than the mean (3.4 μU/ml) for the 19 controls. Of the 15 subjects who were euthyroid after radioiodine therapy, 4 had an elevated serum TSH level, and the mean value (6.2 μU/ml) was significantly higher than the mean of the 15 controls (3.3 μU/ml).
The subjects with non-toxic goitre and positive TgA titres had a significantly higher mean serum TSH than those with goitre but negative TgA titres (3.8 against 2.7 μU/ml). The thyroidectomized subjects without recurrent goitre who had detectable TgA had a significantly lower mean serum TSH than the corresponding subjects who were TgA-negative (4.0 against 6.4 μU/ml). The subjects with recurrent goitre and positive TgA titres had a higher mean TSH level than those without TgA (7.6 against 3.5 μU/ml). but the difference was not significant. Subjects previously treated with radioiodine who had positive TgA titres had a lower mean serum TSH than those who were TgA-negative (4.6 against 6.8 μU/ml), but the difference was not significant.
About a fourth of the subjects who were euthyroid after previous thyroidectomy or radioiodine therapy in the present study had elevated serum TSH values, indicating slight thyroid failure.
The present results also indicate that auto-immune phenomena may play some part in producing slight thyroid failure in non-toxic goitre, but that other factors are responsible for the elevated TSH values in euthyroid subjects after thyroidectomy or treatment with radioiodine.
"IN VIVO RADIOIMMUNOASSAY" OF ALDOSTERONE
Authors: Vecsei P. , Gless K. H. , Winter M. , Hanka-Postozky M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aldosterone antibodies were raised in sheep immunized with a complex of D-aldosterone-21-hemisuccinate and bovine serum albumin. The intravenous injection of these antibodies into rats caused a delay in the disappearance rate of tritiated aldosterone from the blood. The degree of this effect depends on the body weight of the animals, on the amount of the antiserum given, and on the interval between the injection of antibodies and that of labelled aldosterone.
After the injection of aldosterone antibodies and the tritiated hormone, the plasma concentration of labelled aldosterone was related to the rate of secretion of the hormone. When aldosterone secretion was low, subsequent to high sodium intake, or abolished after adrenalectomy, the plasma concentration of tritiated aldosterone was higher than in the control rats. Stimulation of aldosterone secretion by furosemide or ACTH, or administration of cold aldosterone resulted in a decrease in the plasma concentration of the labelled hormone. It is suggested that the relationship between the amount of free aldosterone in the "inner pool" and the plasma concentration of tritiated aldosterone is the consequence of a competition of labelled and unlabelled hormone for the binding capacity of the antibody.
PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IN PREGNANT RHESUS MONKEYS TREATED WITH DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: Bosu William T. K. , Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of dexamethasone1) on the peripheral plasma levels of the sex steroids was investigated in four pregnant monkeys during six treatments at the end of the second and third trimesters. A daily dose of 10 mg dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly into each pregnant monkey for three days. All the treated monkeys delivered normal healthy babies within the expected time of parturition.
A decrease in oestrogens and an increase in progesterone in the peripheral blood plasma were observed during the dexamethasone treatment. The increase in the peripheral plasma levels of progesterone observed was greater in the monkeys treated at the end of the second trimester. The peripheral plasma levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were very low and showed no change in any of the pregnant monkeys treated with dexamethasone.
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE AND 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE ON WEIGHT GAIN AND 3H-THYMIDINE INCORPORATION IN ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS OF CASTRATED MALE RATS
Authors: Tuohimaa P. , Oksanen A. , Niemi M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Albino male rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) one month after castration with 1 mg of testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) daily for two weeks. Every twelve hours a pair of rats were injected iv with tritiated thymidine and killed one hour later. The first pair of rats were killed 7 h after the first hormone injection. The accessory sex organs were weighed and processed for radio-autography.
The weight response of the accessory sex organs was of the same magnitude after T and DHT. However, DHT was slightly more effective in inducing the growth of the seminal vesicle, the coagulating gland, the preputial gland and the epididymis. The organs reached a constant weight in about 8–10 days after the onset of the hormone treatment. The accessory sex organs could be divided into two groups on the basis of their weight response to DHT and T: 1) Highly responsive tissues (seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and prostate) showed a 5–8 fold increase in weight to 1 mg of DHT or T during stimulation over two weeks. 2) Less responsive tissues (epididymis and preputial gland) can only double their weights during the treatment.
By measuring the mitotic response to castration and to the administration of DHT or T the tissues could be categorized into two similar groups:
Seminal vesicle, coagulating gland and prostate are highly dependent on androgen supply, since their mitotic activity increases dramatically in 42–66 h after the initiation of hormone administration. This first DNA synthetic peak is followed by irregular series of peaks of decreasing amplitude. In six days the fluctuation in the mitotic activity is stabilized to the level of the uncastrated control animals. In addition, these organs respond slightly more rapidly and more extensively to DHT than to T.
The epithelial cells of the preputial gland are less dependent on androgen supply. A significant degree of mitotic activity still persists after castration. The mitotic activity increases 18 h after androgen administration. Fluctuations of mitotic activity are retained during the entire two weeks' period.
A FAT-MOBILIZING FACTOR IN RAT SERUM
Authors: Curtis-Prior P. B. , Hanley T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The serum of rats promoted triglyceride breakdown in isolated adipose tissue cells incubated in vitro, as shown by increased glycerol release into the medium. The serum of fed rats had a smaller fat-mobilizing action than that of rats fasted for 20 h. There was a very close linear relation of dose-response versus dose, as occurs in other physiological responses provoked by a hormone acting on a limited number of receptors. The maximum lipolytic effect of serum from fasted animals was of the same order as the maximum effect of noradrenaline, and amounted to a breakdown of about 1.5% of the adipose cell triglyceride per hour. The triglyceride breakdown provoked by serum was inhibited by the β-blocking drug propranolol, but was not affected by insulin even in high concentration.
SELF-LIMITING EPISODES OF JODBASEDOW
Authors: Nilsson Göran 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four patients with Jodbasedow (iodine-induced hyperthyroidism), who experienced a spontaneous remission of thyrotoxicosis within a few months without specific antithyroid treatment are described. All the patients lived in a non-endemic area and had a nodular goitre. All of them gave a story of administration of iodine-rich compounds such as contrast medium for cholecystography or iodine-containing exceptorants, just before the appearance of thyrotoxic symptoms. The rapid improvement of hyperthyroid symptoms after avoiding excessive iodine administration strengthens the causal relationship in Jodbasedow. Though a definitive statement on the best treatment of this disease must await further studies. the present report provides some reason for believing that Jodbasedow is a benign type of thyrotoxicosis, which responds well to conservative treatment without ablation by surgery or radioiodine. Furthermore, the present findings emphasize previous warnings against the administration of unphysiologically large amount of iodine to euthyroid goitre patients because of the risk of precipitating thyroid dysfunction.
COMPLEX ANTITHYROID PROPERTIES OF THE LITHIUM ION
Authors: Männistö P. T. , Leppäluoto J. , Virkkunen P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Acute effects of lithium chloride (LiCl, 5 mEq./kg × 3), rubidium chloride (RbCl, 5mEq./kg×3), carbimazole (0.05 mEq./kg × 3) and short-term transfer stress on thyroid iodine metabolism were studied in rats fed a normal-iodine diet (NID). In addition, the effect of graded doses of LiCl (0–7.5 mEq./kg × 3) was studied in rats fed a low-iodine diet (LID).
In the animals on NID carbimazole, LiCl and RbCl decreased the 4 h uptake of 131I. In chromatography it was found that only carbimazole and LiCl significantly decreased the synthesis of T3 + T4. Plasma TSH (radioimmunoassay) levels were slightly decreased by short-term transfer stress, RbCl and LiCl, but increased by carbimazole.
In the animals on LID, the 131I uptake at 4 h decreased and correspondingly the plasma radioactivity increased with increasing doses and plasma concentrations of Li+. In chromatography the relative amounts of iodothyronines and DIT decreased, that of MIT increased, and the percentage of iodide remained unchanged. With a minimal effective dose, Li reduced only T4 and T3, with the higher dose DIT, then iodide and the total uptake of 131I, and lastly MIT. The plasma corticosterone level tended to increase and TSH level to decrease as the plasma Li concentration increased.
Thus lithium in massive doses seems to be an antithyroid agent, its effects on thyroidal uptake and distribution of 131I resembling that of very small doses of propylthiouracil. The inhibitory effects of Li are dose-dependent. The decrease in plasma thyroxine level probably initiates the series of events which may lead to hypothyroidism, goitre or both conditions.
A NEW PRINCIPLE FOR THE COMPARISON OF INSULIN SECRETORY RESPONSES
Authors: Johansen Klaus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an attempt to circumvent the difficulties inherent in the use of insulin/glucose ratios a new principle for the comparison of insulin secretory resonses has been developed. From large groups of obese and non-obese people subjects are selected so that the subgroups ultimately formed are comparable with regard to age and to their degree of glucose tolerance. This means that the blood glucose curves of the two groups are merging and that the beta cells are subjected to identical glycaemic stimuli. The study shows that obese young non-diabetics and obese young and old diabetics exhibit an augmented insulin response to stimulation with oral and intravenous glucose and to intravenous tolbutamide. No increase in plasma insulin secretory response is, however, demonstrable in obese, old non-diabetics.
EFFECT OF BLOCKADE OF THE α-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS ON INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN PREDIABETIC SUBJECTS
Authors: Efendić S. , Cerasi E. , Luft R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The α-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine significantly stimulates, but does not normalise glucose induced insulin release in prediabetic subjects. In earlier studies, under the same experimental conditions, no effect of the drug was observed in non-prediabetic subjects. The present data suggest that the diminished insulin response to glucose in prediabetics may partially be mediated by an enhanced responsiveness of the α-receptors of the pancreatic β-cells.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR ALDOSTERONE WITHOUT CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Vetter Wilhelm , Vetter Hans , Siegenthaler Walter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for the determination of urinary aldosterone-18-glucuronide has been developed for the clinical laboratory.
Ten ml of urine is pre-extracted with methylene chloride and then submitted to acid hydrolysis. This is followed by a second methylene chloride extraction. The aldosterone concentration in these extracts is determined with antisera obtained from rabbits immunized with an aldosterone-oxime bovine gamma globulin conjugate.
In view of the high recovery of [1,2-3H] aldosterone no internal indicator standards were used.
The sensitivity of the overall assay was 0.44 μg/24 h. The coefficient of variation was 3.7 % within a single assay and 13.6 % for multiple assays. The specificity of the method was examined by comparison with a double isotope dilution derivative method and by simultaneous use of 6 different antisera.
Under normal sodium intake the urinary excretion of the acid-labile aldosterone-18-glucuronide ranged from 4.0 to 13.0 μg/24 h in 9 normal male subjects.
IN VITRO METABOLISM OF [6,7-3H]NORETHYNODREL IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AND THE MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Murugesan K. , Hingorani V. , Laumas K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The human endometrium and the myometrium have the capacity to convert [6,7-3H]norethynodrel to norethindrone, 17α-ethynyl-3α,17β-dihydroxy-5-(10)-oestrene and two other unidentified metabolites. Under in vitro conditions, 80–90 % of 3H-norethynodrel was converted to its metabolites within 90 min. The metabolites formed were the same for both the endometrium and the myometrium. The amount of norethynodrel converted to its metabolites was more in the proliferative phase than in the secretory phase. Among the subcellular fractions of the myometrium, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions metabolised norethynodrel to norethindrone and two polar metabolites with low chromatographic mobility. In the myometrial 105 000 × g supernatant fraction, 17α-ethynyl-3α,17β-dihydroxy-5(10)-oestrene was formed in addition to norethindrone and the polar metabolites. The significance of the formation of norethindrone – a potent oral progestin as a product of the metabolism of norethynodrel and its possible action at the uterine level in the control of fertility is discussed.
THE DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE 20 min 99mTc-UPTAKE IN THE THYROID GLAND
Authors: Kirkegaard C. , Friis Th. , Hansen J. E. Mølholm , Siersbæk-Nielsen K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The 20 min 99mTechnetium (99mTc) pertechnetate uptake in the thyroid gland has been investigated in 144 patients and compared with the 24 h 131I-uptake.
The diagnostic values in 39 patients with hyperthyroidism was found to be the same with both tests whereas the 24 h 131I-uptake gave a better discrimination between the controls and 13 hypothyroid patients than the 20 min 99mTc-uptake.
There was no significant difference in the prognostic value of T3 suppression of the 20 min 99mTc-uptake and the 24 h 131I-uptake in 31 patients receiving long-term antithyroid treatment.
The 20 min 99mTc-uptake offers several advantages as compared with the 131I-uptake especially a very low radiation dose and less time consumption.
PATTERNS OF CIRCULATING OESTRONE, OESTRADIOL-17β AND PROGESTERONE DURING PREGNANCY IN THE RHESUS MONKEY
Authors: Bosu William T. K. , Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The maternal peripheral plasma levels of oestrone (E1)*, oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P) were determined by RIA during pregnancy in 8 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Of special interest were the time courses and the inter-relationships of these steroids during the first month of pregnancy and during the pre- and post-parturient periods. A significant increase in the plasma levels of E1 and E2 occurred at the end of the fertile cycle and lasted for several days and again during the last week before parturition. The plasma levels of E1 and E2 fell dramatically after parturition and remained low during the immediate post-partum period. Two surges in the progesterone levels in plasma occurred at the end of the third week of the fertile cycle and between day 34 and 46 after the onset of menstruation. The progesterone levels in plasma during the remaining gestational period varied widely but a significant increase was found during the days before parturition. A decrease in the plasma levels of P was observed after parturition but the levels of P did not reach follicular phase levels during the post-partum period studied. The possibility of oestrogen secretion from follicles stimulated by chorionic gonadotrophins is discussed as well as the release of prostaglandins by oestrogen before parturition.
AGE RELATED CHANGES AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLASMA TESTOSTERONE, OESTRADIOL AND TESTOSTERONE-BINDING GLOBULIN IN NORMAL ADULT MALES
Authors: Pirke Karl M. , Doerr Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone (T), oestradiol-17β (Oe2) and binding capacity of the testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) were measured in plasma of 84 adult males (22–90 years). The medians for age group I (22– 61 years, n = 50) were: T 545 ng/100 ml, Oe2 1.66 ng/100 ml, TeBG capacity 1.44 μg T/100 ml; the medians for age group II (67–90 years, n = 34) were: T 459 ng/100 ml, Oe2 2.56 ng/100 ml, TeBG capacity 2.05 μg T/100 ml. The decrease of T and the increase of Oe2 and TeBG capacity with age were significant. The significant correlation (P < 0.01) for either age group between T and Oe2 may be ascribed to a simultaneous secretion and/or a peripheral conversion of T to Oe2. The significant correlation (P < 0.05) between T and TeBG for the old age group probably reflects the comparatively high percentage of total plasma T bound to TeBG. The biological meaning of the correlation between Oe2 and TeBG is discussed.
EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL OF GROWTH HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON LONGITUDINAL BONE GROWTH IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Thorngren K.-G. , Hansson L. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bovine growth hormone was given daily for 10 days to female Sprague-Dawley rats hypophysectomized at the age of 60 days, beginning 15 days post-operatively. Longitudinal bone growth, studied in the proximal tibia, was reactivated and continued at an accelerating rate during the period of hormone administration and for a further 5 days after its withdrawal, but then ceased.
The effect of withdrawal of growth hormone on the width of the growth plate of proximal tibia, the size of its degenerative cells, and the weight of body and heart was also studied.
The cell production in the proximal growth plate of tibia was calculated. The changes in longitudinal bone growth were found to be due mainly to changes in cell production in the growth plate.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND OVARIECTOMIZED FOWLS
Authors: Senior B. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the levels of oestrone and oestradiol in 0.5–1.0 ml of domestic fowl peripheral plasma. The oestrogens were extracted with diethyl ether, chromatographed on columns of Sephadex LH-20 and assayed with an antiserum prepared against oestradiol-17β-succinyl-bovine serum albumin using a 17 h incubation at 4°C. The specificity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the assays were satisfactory. Oestrogen concentrations were determined in the plasma of birds in various reproductive states. In laying hens the ranges of oestrone and oestradiol were 12–190 pg/ml and 29–327 pg/ml respectively. Levels in immature birds, in adult cockerels and in an ovariectomized hen were barely detectable. The mean concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol in the plasma of four non-laying hens (55 pg/ml and 72 pg/ml respectively) and one partially ovariectomized hen (71 pg/ml and 134 pg/ml respectively) were well within the range for laying hens. It is evident that the large, yolk-filled follicles are not the only source of oestrogens in the chicken ovary.