bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive bioluminescent detection of prostate cancer growth and metastasis in a bigenic transgenic mouse model
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Ling , Xie Zhihui , Yu Jie , Martin W. David , Datta Milton W. , Wu Guang‐Jer , Chung Leland W.K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously established a bioluminescent transgenic mouse model, sPSA‐Luc, with luciferase gene expression restricted to the prostate under the control of the supra prostate‐specific antigen (sPSA) promoter. We now assess the feasibility of generating bigenic mice, TRAMP‐Luc, with the sPSA‐Luc as the founder strain crossbred with TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mice, to evaluate non‐invasively the metastatic potential of prostate tumors.METHODSTRAMP‐Luc mice were obtained as [C57BL/6 TRAMP × FVB sPSA‐Luc] F1 offspring. Tumor development in 10 TRAMP‐Luc males was followed by bioluminescence imaging from 8 to 24 weeks of age. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for T antigen (Tg), androgen receptor (AR), luciferase and/or pathological analysis verified the tumor distribution in the imaged tissues including prostate gland, lymph node and bone.RESULTSGroup I animals that presented with no grossly visible tumors showed prostate‐confined bioluminescence with slightly increased signal intensity with age. Group II animals that developed large tumors displayed a widely distributed and biphasic bioluminescence pattern. The peak was reached between 10 and 14 weeks of age, then markedly decreased or even disappeared beyond week 16, except for one mouse that showed an increased bioluminescence signal at the jaw bone and hind limbs at week 22. These tumors were shown by IHC to contain Tg but lost AR and luciferase beyond week 16 in poorly differentiated prostate tumors.CONCLUSIONA direct correlation between bioluminescence emission and AR expression was found in TRAMP‐Luc tumor progression model. This model allows non‐invasive imaging of prostate cancer metastases to bone and soft tissues. Prostate 67: 685–691, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA copy number alterations in prostate cancers: A combined analysis of published CGH studies
Authors: Sun Jishan , Liu Wennuan , Adams Tamara S. , Sun Jielin , Li Xingnan , Turner Aubrey R. , Chang Baoli , Kim Jin Woo , Zheng Siqun Lilly , Isaacs William B. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDIdentifying genomic regions that are commonly deleted or gained in neoplastic cells is an important approach to identify tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Studies in the last two decades have identified a number of common DNA copy number alterations in prostate cancer. However, because of various sample sizes, diverse tumor types and sources, as well as a variety of detection methods with various sensitivities and resolutions, it is difficult to summarize and fully interpret the overall results.METHODSWe performed a combined analysis of all published comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies of prostate cancer and estimated the frequency of alterations across the genome for all tumors, as well as in advanced and localized tumors separately. A total of 41 studies examining 872 cancers were included in this study.RESULTSThe frequency of deletions and gains were estimated in all tumors, as well as in advanced and localized tumors. Eight deleted and five gained regions were found in more than 10% of the prostate tumors. An additional six regions were commonly deleted and seven were commonly gained in advanced tumors. While 8p was the most common location of deletion, occurring in about a third of all tumors and about half of advanced tumors, 8q was the most commonly gained region, affecting about a quarter of all tumors and about half of all advanced tumors.CONCLUSIONSThe large number of tumors examined in this combined analysis provides better estimates of the frequency of specific alterations in the prostate cancer cell genome, and offers important clues for prioritizing efforts to identify tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes in these altered regions. Prostate 67: 692–700, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IRL‐1620, a tumor selective vasodilator, augments the uptake and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in prostate tumor rats
Authors: Rajeshkumar N.V. , Matwyshyn George , Gulati Anil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDIRL‐1620, a potent endothelin B receptor agonist, enhanced the efficacy of paclitaxel in a breast tumor model, but its effect in prostate cancer is not known. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of IRL‐1620 on tumor perfusion, uptake of [14C]‐doxorubicin in the tumor and efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), and 5‐flurouracil (5‐FU) in a rat prostate tumor model.METHODSJHU‐4 (Mat‐Lu) cells inoculated prostate tumor model in Copenhagen rats was used for the study.RESULTSAdministration of IRL‐1620 (3 nmol/kg, i.v) significantly increased (102.8%) prostate tumor perfusion and tumor uptake of [14C]‐doxorubicin (115%) compared to vehicle treated rats. Results of the efficacy study demonstrate that IRL‐1620 administration 15 min prior to DOX (5 mg/kg) or 5‐FU (50 mg/kg) on every third day for a total of four doses significantly reduced tumor volume compared to vehicle treated rats.CONCLUSIONSIRL‐1620 significantly enhanced the uptake and efficacy of anticancer agents in prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 701–713, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonic and desert hedgehog signaling in human fetal prostate development
Authors: Zhu Guodong , Zhau Haiyen E. , He Hui , Zhang Linlin , Shehata Bahig , Wang Xinyang , Cerwinka Wolfgang H. , Elmore James , He Dalin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundHedgehog signaling is thought to play an important role in rodent prostate organogenesis and morphogenesis. However, the role of this signaling pathway in human fetal prostate development has not been investigated.MethodsTwenty‐five human fetal prostates at various developmental stages (10–39 weeks) were included. Fifteen specimens were processed for H&E and immunohistochemical staining of the Hedgehog signaling components: Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Desert Hedgehog (DHH), Patched‐1(PTC1), Patched‐2 (PTC2), Smoothened (SMO), GLI1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). SHH, DHH, and GLI1 expression was also analyzed in ten snap‐frozen specimens by Western blot.ResultsSHH, DHH, SMO, PTC1, GLI1, and PCNA expression, assessed by a semi‐quantitative immunohistochemical method, was found mainly in the developing prostatic epithelial ducts, beginning at 10 weeks and peaking at 16 and 28 weeks with a dip occurring at 20 weeks, with the exception of PTC2.ConclusionBoth SHH and DHH signaling components were detected during human fetal prostate development. Despite the high expression of PTC2 in the epithelium as well as the stroma in the early time of development, the expression of SHH, DHH, SMO, PTC1, and a SHH/DHH target transcription factor, GLI‐1, were all largely restricted to epithelium in the developing prostate, suggesting that SHH/DHH signaling is primarily through an autocrine mechanism in human fetal prostate organogenesis. Prostate 67: 674–684, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phloem mobility of xenobiotics. V. Structural requirements for phloem‐systemic pesticides
Authors: Kleier Daniel A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRemote and relatively inaccessible parts of plants such as roots and meristematic tissue can readily be reached by foliar‐applied xenobiotics if the latter are capable of entering into and moving in the phloem Development of a passivetransport model provides a description of the time course of this movement and its dependence upon the physical properties of the chemical and the condition of the plant vascular system. The model so developed is used to formulate principles for rendering otherwise non‐systemic xenobiotics phloem‐mobile. These principles can be categorized according to the nature of the chemical modifications that facilitate phloem translocation. These modifications include (a) sugar conjugation, (b) acid functionalization, and (c) formation of quaternary salts from basic parents. The potential of these modifications to facilitate the phloem translocation of wide range of pesticides is discussed.
Correlation analysis for longitudinal data: applications to HIV and psychosocial research
Authors: Tu X. M. , Feng C. , Kowalski J. , Tang W. , Wang H. , Wan C. , Ma Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCorrelation analysis is widely used in biomedical and psychosocial research for assessing rater reliability, precision of diagnosis and accuracy of proxy outcomes. The popularity of longitudinal study designs has propelled the proliferation in recent years of new methods for longitudinal and other multi‐level clustered data designs, such as the mixed‐effect models and generalized estimating equations. Despite these advances, research and methodological development on addressing missing data for correlation analysis is woefully lacking. In this paper, we consider non‐parametric inference for the product–moment correlation within a longitudinal data setting and address missing data under both the missing completely at random and missing at random assumptions. We illustrate the approach with real study data in mental health and HIV prevention research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunoisolating Pancreatic Islets by Encapsulation with Selective Withdrawal
Authors: Wyman Jason L. , Kizilel Seda , Skarbek Ryan , Zhao Xiangyang , Connors Matthew , Dillmore William S. , Murphy William L. , Mrksich Milan , Nagel Sidney R. , Garfinkel Marc R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis manuscript reports the application of the selective‐withdrawal coating technique to the microencapsulation of insulin‐producing pancreatic islets within thin poly(ethylene glycol) coatings. These polymer coatings permit the islets to respond to changes in glucose concentration by producing insulin with a dose‐response profile that is substantially similar to that of unencapsulated islets. Furthermore, the hydrogel capsules exclude the large molecules of the immune system. These results suggest that the microencapsulation technique—which combines droplet formation from a flow of two immiscible fluids with polymerization chemistries—has the characteristics required for the transplantation of islets for the treatment of Type I diabetes.
Temperature‐, pH‐, and Magnetic‐Field‐Sensitive Hybrid Microgels
Authors: Bhattacharya Sanchita , Eckert Franziska , Boyko Volodymyr , Pich Andrij 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate a simple route for the preparation of novel hybrid particles with multiple sensitivities. Aqueous polymeric microgels are modified by magnetite nanoparticles in the preparation of temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive hybrids with a high magnetic response. Up to 15 wt % of magnetite nanoparticles are loaded into microgels. The influence of the amount of magnetite in the microgel structure on the morphology and colloidal properties is discussed. The presence of the magnetite nanoparticles in the microgel decreases its degree of swelling and shifts the volume phase‐transition temperature to higher values. Nanostructured composite films with controlled morphologies can be prepared by water evaporation and deposition of the hybrid microgels on a solid substrate.
Amino Starches as pH‐Sensitive Coatings: Synthesis and Application
Authors: Bohrisch Jörg , Zimmermann Arvid 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to carry out a systematic investigation of the preparation conditions of starch materials with pH‐dependent solubility. Furthermore, appropriate conditions for application of those materials as surface coatings should be established. Thus, samples of starch derivatives with tertiary amino substituents were synthesised and characterised by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and pH‐turbidimetry. Variation of both kind and molar mass of the used starch substrate and the nature and degree of substitution of the amino component led to two materials containing diisopropylamino groups with the desired properties in a single‐ or two‐component coating. Using a commercial fluidised‐bed coating procedure spherules of a waxy surfactant were coated with different modified starches. The stabilities of the shells were examined under dishwasher‐like conditions and monitored by tensiometry.
Geographical variation in frond size, rootstock density, and sexual reproduction inMatteuccia struthiopterispopulations in Norway
Authors: Odland Arvid 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to quantify differences in the structure of denseMatteuccia struthiopteris(L) Todaro among geographically separated populations in Norway, and to relate these differences to variation in environmental variables. A stratified random sampling procedure was applied to select 4 m2quadrats restricted to populations dominated (>75% cover) by the fern. This dimorphic fern can produce three types of leaves (fronds): fertile (sporophyll) and sterile (trophophyll), and in addition also intermediate fronds. In all, 178 populations from different parts of the country were analysed, and in total 9,346 rootstocks were measured. Fifteen percent of the rootstocks were fertile, each producing from one to eight sporophylls, and 2.0% had developed intermediate fronds. Rootstocks with five or more sporophylls were mainly found in Southern Norway. Within the plots, there were major variations in density (10–112), number of small (new) ramets (0–58), total number of sporophylls (0–94) and estimated total fern wet‐weight (0.33–22.8 kg). All new additions to the populations were connected to a mother plant (ramets), and none were of sexual origin (genets). The main environmental variables associated with the variation in population structure were mean July temperature (highly correlated with altitude and latitude), mean precipitation and density of the canopy cover. The density of small ramets and number of intermediate fronds increased from south to north. The latitudinal variation in sporophyll development and maximum trophophyll height was best explained by a unimodal model. There were statistically significant differences in the population structure between the eight studied geographic areas in Norway.
Recent advances in newborn screening
Authors: Wilcken B. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe introduction of tandem mass spectrometry has unquestionably been the most striking recent advance in newborn screening. A single test is applied for the simultaneous diagnosis of a number of disorders, making it possible to screen for some disorders that might otherwise have seemed too rare. Current screening is for disorders of metabolism of amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids. Assay performance for detection of disorders appears very good, but rarity of disorders, varied definitions and systems for follow‐up and lack of databases for inborn errors of metabolism diagnosed clinically means that there is as yet insufficient information about most disorders. The technology can be applied to a much wider range of compounds, and the field looks set to expand. A key feature of newborn screening programmes must be the assessment of outcomes, and a major reason for the lack of uniformity in the approach adopted in different countries is the paucity of information on this. The available evidence points to overall advantages flowing from early diagnosis by screening, with reduction in mortality and morbidity. More studies are clearly needed and some are under way. The next new group of disorders already proposed for newborn screening is the lysosomal storage disorders. Attitudes may be changing about what it is desirable to include in a newborn screening programme, and this will indeed pose new ethical dilemmas.
Parathyroid risk in total thyroidectomy for bilateral, benign, multinodular goitre: report of 351 surgical cases
Authors: Page C , Strunski V 
Published: March 2007

Aims: To evaluate the risk of hypocalcaemia (transient or permanent) after total thyroidectomy for bilateral, benign, multinodular goitre, the frequency and impact of unintentional parathyroidectomy, and the value of parathyroid gland autotransplantation during thyroid surgery.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of 351 surgical patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for bilateral, benign, multinodular goitre over a seven-year period. The primary endpoint was serum calcium concentration immediately post-operatively and during follow up. Normal serum calcium concentration was defined as 2 mmol/l. Parathyroid data were collected during surgery and histological examination.Results: In 62 per cent of cases, no hypocalcaemia had been observed after surgery. In 35 per cent of cases, transient hypocalcaemia had been observed after surgery. In 3 per cent of cases, chronic hypocalcaemia had been present six months after surgery. Permanent hypoparathyroidism had been diagnosed two years after surgery in 1.4 per cent of cases. Unintentional parathyroidectomy had been detected in 5.2 per cent of cases. Parathyroid gland autotransplantation had been performed in 7 per cent of cases during surgery.Conclusion: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is rare, although transient hypoparathyroidism occurs relatively frequently. Unintentional parathyroidectomy and parathyroid gland autotransplantation do not affect serum calcium levels.
Aquabis(3-pyridylacrylato)-κ2
O,O′;κO-bis(3-pyridylmethanol-κN)copper(II)
Authors: Moncol Jan , Segľa Peter , Jašková Jana , Fischer Andreas , Melník Milan 
Published: March 2007

In the title complex, [Cu(C8H6NO2)2(C6H7NO)2(H2O)], the Cu2+ ion has a highly distorted square-bipyramidal (4 + 1 + 1) coordination environment, and is bonded to three carboxylate O atoms of two 3-pyridylacrylate anions (monodentate and asymetric bidentate), two pyridine N atoms of 3-pyridylmethanol ligands and one water O atom. O—H...O and O–H...N hydrogen bonds result in the formation of a two-dimensional layer structure.
Oral care in cancer nursing: nurses’ knowledge and education
Authors: Southern Hilary 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim. This paper reports a study of nurses’ knowledge and education in relation to oral care and oral health assessment for patients undergoing cancer treatment.Background. Studies suggest that ritualistic practice of oral care occurs and that nurses dislike providing this type of care. Inadequate knowledge and education of oral care among nurses have also been revealed, as well as a lack of involvement of dentists in this aspect of nurse education.Method. In 2003, an oral care questionnaire was administered to a non‐random sample of 100 general and cancer nurses employed in an oncology centre, with a response rate of 72%. Information was collected on knowledge and education in relation to oral care, management of oral care, and influences on nurses’ knowledge of oral care and performance of oral care. The questionnaire was tested for content validity by a panel of experts and modified accordingly. Reliability of the questionnaire subscales varied from a Cronbach's alpha of 0·56–0·82. Internal consistency for the total knowledge of oral care scale obtained an alpha of 0·93.Findings. Data indicated that respondents had not had substantial oral care education during preregistration education, and their knowledge of oral health status, signs and symptoms of abnormalities was inadequate. Nurses placed a high degree of priority on oral care for patients with cancer. Respondents had also received insufficient support from hospital dentists for patients undergoing cancer treatment.Conclusion. Nurses require more education if they are to manage the oral care of patients with cancer effectively, and further research is needed into the actual practice of oral care for patients with cancer.
Epidemiological observations of pancreas disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Ireland
Authors: Rodger H , Mitchell S 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEpidemiological investigations into the pancreas disease (PD) of farmed salmon were conducted on populations of Atlantic salmon reared in Ireland during 2003 and 2004. The investigations surveyed all marine salmon farms operating in Ireland through a detailed questionnaire with follow‐up farm visits. Information was gathered on 21 populations of fish in 2003 and 14 populations in 2004. Thirteen of the 21 populations suffered PD in 2003 and 12 of the 14 in 2004. The mean mortality due to PD on affected farms was 18.8% in 2003 and 14.8% in 2004 and the loss of growth due to PD was estimated at 11.4% over the 2‐year period. The highest risk periods for outbreaks of PD were early summer and early autumn and the farms most seriously affected by PD mortality were in the western counties of Ireland. Factors which showed an indication of association with a PD outbreak or high mortality during a PD outbreak were: livestock movement to another sea site, high feeding rate prior to any PD outbreak, the presence of another PD positive farm in the same water body, greater than 250 000 fish on a site, a previous history of PD on a site, a high sea lice burden, and sites located in the western regions of Ireland which reared a specific strain of salmon.
Response of Weed Communities to Legume Living Mulches in Winter Wheat
Authors: Hiltbrunner J. , Jeanneret P. , Liedgens M. , Stamp P. , Streit B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to obtain information about the impact of legume cover crops on the weed community in organic farming, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was directly drilled in rows 0.1875 and 0.3750 m apart in living mulches that consisted of Trifolium repens L. (TRFRE), T. subterraneum L. (TRFSU), Medicago truncatula Gaertner (MEDTR), and Lotus corniculatus L. (LOTCO). A control treatment without cover crops (NAT, the site‐specific weed community) was also established. The vegetation between the wide rows was either mulched or left undisturbed. The effect of liquid farmyard manure (60 m3 ha−1) was also tested. TRFRE, TRFSU, and LOTCO effectively suppressed Poa annua L. and Matricaria recutita L. at site 1 and P. annua, Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Med., and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. at site 2 when compared with NAT. MEDTR, which died during the winter, provided little weed suppression. Mulching significantly suppressed dicotyledonous weed species, but favoured Poa trivialis L. No manure effect was observed. Winter hardy legume cover crops contribute to weed suppression in winter wheat. However, careful evaluation of cover crop × weed × management interactions is necessary to understand the risk for the establishment of problematic weeds.
Variability in the Duration of Stem Elongation in Wheat Genotypes and Sensitivity to Photoperiod and Vernalization
Authors: Whitechurch E. M. , Slafer G. A. , Miralles D. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe stem elongation phase in wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)] is considered critical for yield determination. A longer duration of this phase could hypothetically increase grain set and therefore yield. Genetic variation in the relative duration of the stem elongation phase having been reported, the aim was to pinpoint whether this variability was associated with sensitivity to photoperiod, vernalizing temperatures or to differences in intrinsic earliness. Pairs of cultivars identified as having different duration of the stem elongation phase (from the appearance of the first visible node to anthesis) were grown under natural (short) or extended photoperiod, with or without vernalization. Variability in the duration of this phase, in the cultivars analysed, was related to different sensitivity to photoperiod, while differences in the previous phases were related to sensitivity to both photoperiod (though different to the sensitivity of the following phase) and vernalization.