bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENDAMPINGAN BELAJAR PERKALIAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE JARIMATIKA BAGI SISWA KELAS V SDN 106194
Authors: Siregar Nurdiana , Siregar Lailatun Nur Kamalia , Ibrahim Husna , Putri Arwita , Zakiyyah Zulfa , Indriani Ririn , Pohan Rinanti Ito 
Published: March 2024

Pelaksanaan pendampingan belajar ini dilatarbelakangi karena adanya kesulitan pada sebagian siswa kelas V SDN 106194Â dalam operasi perkalian 8 dan 9, oleh karena itu untuk mengatasi kesulitan tersebut adalah dengan menggunakan penerapan metode jarimatika. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah disertai dengan memberikan tes kepada siswa. Hal tersebut dilakukan secara bertahap dan berkelanjutan sehingga siswa mampu memahami konsep perkalian dan dapat menggunakan jarinya untuk menghitung perkalianÂ 8 dan 9, dari kegiatan yang sudah dilaksanakan selama 3 hari secara terus-menerus dari 11 siswa ada 9 orang siswa yang sudah mampu menerapkan jarimatika, dengan kata lain 82% siswa sudah paham cara menggunakan jarimatika untuk menghitung perkalian bilangan 8 dan 9.Kata Kunci: Pendampingan belajar, Perkalian, Jarimatika.
Prospecting the Effectiveness of Fungicides and Bioagents against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc.
Authors: Vanani K. D. , Rakholiya K. B. , Purushotham Pooja 
Published: March 2024

Aims: The leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc. is one of the most serious disease in all mango growing regions of the world. In vitro bioassay of fungicides and bioagents were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of different fungicides and bioagents against C. gloeosporioides.
Study Design: Poison food techique for fungicides bioassay and dual culture technique for bioagents bioassay.
Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory studies were conducted in the Department of Plant Pathology, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India during 2020–2021.
Methodology: The poison food technique assessed the efficacy of systemic, contact and combination fungicides against C. gloeosporioides. While the dual culture method was employed to gauge the potency of biocontrol agents, against C. gloeosporioides.
Results: In laboratory screening, systemic fungicides such as carbendazim and difenconazole were shown to have 100% growth suppression at 500 ppm. Mancozeb and copper oxychloride, two contact fungicides, demonstrated 100% growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at 2500 ppm . The combi-product fungicides tricyclazole 18% + mancozeb 62%, hexaconazole 4% + zineb 68%, and carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% were shown to exhibit 100% growth inhibition at 2000 ppm. Using the dual culture method, five distinct bioagents were tested in vitro for their ability to prevent the development of C. gleosporiodes. Trichoderma harzianum showed up as one of them to be a powerful and effective antagonist of C. gleosporiodes.
Conclusion: In vitro fungicide and bioagent testing provides preliminary data on the effectiveness of fungicides against pathogens, guiding field testing. The study evaluated the effectiveness of fungicides and bioagents in suppressing the leaf spot pathogen of mango.
Observational Study on Patients Satisfaction during Epidural Anaesthesia, without Breakthrough Pain, in Patients Scheduled for Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Afolayan Jide Michael , Olajumoke Tokunbo , Yusuf Babatunde 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: This study was undertaken to determine the level of patients’ satisfaction after epidural anaesthesia, without breakthrough pain, in patients scheduled for orthopaedic surgery. Epidural block is one of the regional anaesthesia that can be used in orthopeadic cases with prolonged duration of surgery.
Aim and Objectives: To study the intraoperative pain outcome and patients’ satisfaction during epidural anaesthesia with top up doses without breakthrough pain.
Methods: A prospective study of patients who underwent orthopaedic procedures under epidural block in the operating rooms of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, was carried out. Post-operatively, a proforma was filled for each of the participants to score their satisfaction on a Numerical Rating Scale regarding pain and discomfort during and after epidural anaesthesia and surgery. Other adverse reactions were documented. Patients’ satisfaction score was also documented.
Results: A total of 103 patients, with age ranging from 25 to 60 years, were recruited. Majority (102/99%) of the patients had their data well documented while remaining (1/0.9%) patient was excluded from the study for poor documentation. In all, satisfaction with epidural anaesthesia administration was observed in (95/93.1%) whereas (7/6.9%) patients were dissatisfied. Factors associated with dissatisfaction were prolonged onset time (2/1.9%) patients. Breakthrough pain in (1/0.9%) patients. Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was observed in 1 (0.9%) patient. In addition, (92/90.2%) patients would opt for epidural anaesthesia in future for similar surgery, if situation demands for it, 10 (9.8%) patients would not.
Conclusion: The patients receiving epidural anaesthesia, without breakthrough pain, for orthopaedic surgery demonstrated a high rate of patients’ satisfaction.
Randomized clinical trial of the effect of applying ointment to surgical wounds before occlusive dressing
Authors: Dixon A J , Dixon M P , Dixon J B 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
A blinded randomized clinical trial was undertaken to evaluate the effect of applying ointment to a wound before occlusive dressing, in comparison with no ointment or sterile paraffin.

Methods
Some 778 patients with 1801 surgical wounds following excision of skin lesions were enrolled in the trial. No ointment was placed on 510 sutured wounds of 247 patients, paraffin ointment was put on 729 wounds (269 patients) and mupirocin ointment on 562 wounds (262 patients). Wound infection, scar, haemorrhage, dehiscence and other complications were assessed at suture removal. At 6–9 months after surgery, patients were surveyed to assess the wounds, with a response rate of 74·0 per cent.

Results
There were no significant differences in outcome for all endpoints evaluated. The infection rate was 1·4 per cent with no ointment, 1·6 per cent for paraffin and 2·3 per cent for mupirocin (P = 0·490). Total complication rates were 3·5, 4·7 and 4·8 per cent for no ointment, paraffin and mupirocin respectively (P = 0·590). Some 10·9, 10·3 and 8·2 per cent of patients respectively had a neutral or negative perception of their wounds at 6–9 months after surgery (P = 0·650). There was no difference in postoperative pain, degree of inconvenience or overall level of satisfaction with treatment.

Conclusion
Putting ointment on a surgical wound before occlusive dressing does not benefit the patient. In view of the risk of antibiotic resistance, mupirocin ointment is not indicated for clean surgical wounds.
Comparison between risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine in the management of chronic schizophrenia: a naturalistic prospective 12‐week observational study
Authors: Strous Rael D. , Kupchik Marina , Roitman Suzana , Schwartz Sima , Gonen Noach , Mester Roberto , Weizman Abraham , Spivak Baruch 
Published: June 2006

AbstractRisperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine are three atypical antipsychotic medications commonly used in the management of chronic schizophrenia. While they offer advantages with regard to clinical efficacy and side‐effect profile, few studies have compared them in a naturalistic prospective observational manner. This study therefore investigated their comparative efficacy over 12 weeks including illness characteristics and adverse effects. One hundred thirty‐one patients (76 M, 55 F) with DSMI‐V schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were treated with risperidone (n = 38), olanzapine (n = 38), or clozapine (n = 55). All patients showed a significant decrease of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)‐positive scores. Decreases in tardive dyskinesia and impulsivity scores were noted with clozapine and olanzapine, respectively. No differences between the medications were noted on depression, anxiety, EPS, or overt aggression scores. Olanzapine and clozapine appeared to be more effective in females. Males showed a decreased sexual performance irrespective of the medication and those treated with risperidone and clozapine showed greater proportional reduction of overt aggression. Clozapine‐treated patients showed significant increased weight, increased glucose levels, and lowered sexual performance. Risperidone patients tended to exhibit reduced cholesterol levels. Higher creatine kinase (CK) levels were noted in risperidone‐treated patients. While cautious given the nature of the study design, results suggest differences in the response to various atypical antipsychotic medications regarding efficacy and side‐effect susceptibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De novo design, synthesis and screening of a combinatorial library of complementary ligands directed towards the surface of cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi
Authors: Ruiu L. , Roque A.C.A. , Taipa M.A. , Lowe C.R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe protein surface is the interface through which a protein molecule senses the external world. The composition of this interface, in charged, polar and/or hydrophobic residues is crucial for both the activity and stability of the protein. Protein immobilization on surfaces has been extensively explored as one of the most effective approaches for stabilization. The mechanism of stabilization, however, is still poorly understood, and usually the success of any method is more a matter of trial and error rather than the result of rational concepts. The importance of local unfolding processes in a number of biologically significant processes has been recognized and attracted increasing attention. Unfolding regions have been localized in different proteins including the recombinant cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi. The study of three structural surface regions associated with early cutinase unfolding events was the basis for the approach followed in this work. A 64‐member solid‐phase combinatorial library of ligands was synthesized on a triazine‐substituted agarose matrix using a modified ‘mix and split’ procedure. The combinatorial library was assessed for binding to cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi in a biologically active form. Four lead ligands (3/5, 3/7, 4/5, 4/7) have been selected in which immobilized cutinase presented a relative activity of 30–60% as compared to the free enzyme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron molecular ion recombination: Product excitation and fragmentation
Authors: Adams Nigel G. , Poterya Viktoriya , Babcock Lucia M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractElectron‐ion dissociative recombination is an important ionization loss process in any ionized gas containing molecular ions. This includes the interstellar medium, circumstellar shells, cometary comae, planetary ionospheres, fusion plasma boundaries, combustion flames, laser plasmas and chemical deposition and etching plasmas. In addition to controlling the ionization density, the process generates many radical species, which can contribute to a parallel neutral chemistry. Techniques used to obtain rate data and product information (flowing afterglows and storage rings) are discussed and recent data are reviewed including diatomic to polyatomic ions and cluster ions. The data are divided into rate coefficients and cross sections, including their temperature/energy dependencies, and quantitative identification of neutral reaction products. The latter involve both ground and electronically excited states and including vibrational excitation. The data from the different techniques are compared and trends in the data are examined. The reactions are considered in terms of the basic mechanisms (direct and indirect processes including tunneling) and recent theoretical developments are discussed. Finally, new techniques are mentioned (for product identification; electrostatic storage rings, including single and double rings; Coulomb explosion) and new ways forward are suggested. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of chromite ores using glass discs in moderate dilutions of lithium tetraborate by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Ramos S. Sánchez , Cubillos M. D. Jorge , Adelantado J. V. Gimeno , Marco D. J. Yusá 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA method for the quantitative analysis of chromite ores by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry using beads is proposed. The work concerned the serious problems caused by the refractory nature of these materials which prevents the use of glass discs in x‐ray fluorescence. An in‐depth study was done to optimise the variables which influence the glass disc formation process. Sufficiently homogeneous glass discs were obtained under the following experimental conditions: lithium tetraborate as flux with moderate sample dilution (1:40), with the addition of one or two drops of LiBr solution(250 g l−1), at a temperature of 1200 °C for 30 min. The qualitative and semiquantitative results for the chromite ores provided synthetic standards based on combinations of similar reference materials and different pure ignited oxides. These standards were used to obtain the calibration curves for Cr, Si, Al, Fe, Ti, Ca, Mn, Mg, Na and K oxides, with root mean square error always below 0.357. The calibration curves were used in the quantitative analysis of chromite ores with satisfactory accuracy, justifying compensation of the interelemental effects. The suggested method is an efficient solution to the problems with the quantitative analysis of this type of material by XRF. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Roles of the Ubiquitin/Proteasome Pathway in Pollen Tube Growth with Emphasis on MG132-Induced Alterations in Ultrastructure, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Wall Components
Authors: Sheng Xianyong , Hu Zhenghai , Lü Hongfei , Wang Xiaohua , Baluška František , Šamaj Jozef , Lin Jinxing 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe ubiquitin/proteasome pathway represents one of the most important proteolytic systems in eukaryotes and has been proposed as being involved in pollen tube growth, but the mechanism of this involvement is still unclear. Here, we report that proteasome inhibitors MG132 and epoxomicin significantly prevented Picea wilsonii pollen tube development and markedly altered tube morphology in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while hardly similar effects were detected when cysteine-protease inhibitor E-64 was used. Fluorogenic kinetic assays using fluorogenic substrate sLLVY-AMC confirmed MG132-induced inhibition of proteasome activity. The inhibitor-induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins (UbPs) was also observed using immunoblotting. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that MG132 induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived cytoplasmic vacuolization. Immunogold-labeling analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of UbPs in degraded cytosol and dilated ER in MG132-treated pollen tubes. Fluorescence labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate-phalloidin and β-tubulin antibody revealed that MG132 disrupts the organization of F-actin and microtubules and consequently affects cytoplasmic streaming in pollen tubes. However, tip-focused Ca2+ gradient, albeit reduced, seemingly persists after MG132 treatment. Finally, fluorescence labeling with antipectin antibodies and calcofluor indicated that MG132 treatment induces a sharp decline in pectins and cellulose. This result was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis, thus demonstrating for the first time the inhibitor-induced weakening of tube walls. Taken together, these findings suggest that MG132 treatment promotes the accumulation of UbPs in pollen tubes, which induces ER-derived cytoplasmic vacuolization and depolymerization of cytoskeleton and consequently strongly affects the deposition of cell wall components, providing a mechanistic framework for the functions of proteasome in the tip growth of pollen tubes.
From Demographic Transition to Fertility Boom and Bust: Iran in the 1980s and 1990s
Authors: Hakimian Hassan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAlthough it is widely recognized that demographic transition is not an uninterrupted process, demographers and population economists have treated short‐term swings in fertility with a measure of curiosity. Iran's experience of population growth after the Revolution in 1979 points to a double paradox of a steep and unprecedented surge in population growth in the 1980s followed by a swift restoration of fertility decline in the 1990s. Both periods have been characterized by extensive socio‐economic and institutional changes combined with radical and far‐reaching sways in Iran's post‐revolutionary population policy. This article applies standardized decomposition analysis to separate out and quantify the proximate components of change in the crude birth rate during these two fertility ‘boom’ and ‘bust’ phases. The aim is to ascertain to what extent structural/demographic or behavioural factors can explain the dynamics of change in fertility and population growth in Iran since the late 1970s. Our findings point to a hitherto neglected role of population momentum in initiating the ‘Islamic baby boom’ as well as a more limited role for population policy in explaining the genesis(rather than the momentum) of both boom and bust phases.
Shifting Cultivation and Deforestation in Tropical Africa: Critical Reflections
Authors: Ickowitz Amy 
Published: June 2006

AbstractShifting cultivation is the agricultural technique employed by the majority of farmers in the tropical regions of Africa. The dominant narrative recited by policy experts, non‐governmental organizations and many scientists is that this practice is a principal cause of deforestation in tropical Africa. This article unpacks the various elements of this narrative and explores whether there is any evidence to substantiate it in West and Central Africa. The results challenge the conventional wisdom that shifting cultivation is leading to accelerating deforestation in tropical Africa.
Seven‐day is more effective than 4‐day ranitidine bismuth citrate‐based triple therapy in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in children: a prospective randomized study
Authors: TAM Y. H. , YEUNG C. K. , LEE K. H. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackground Helicobacter pylori infection is common in paediatric population. To date, there is still no universally accepted recommendation on the treatment of this infection in children. Ranitidine bismuth citrate‐based triple therapy has been shown to be effective in H. pylori eradication in adults but its use has rarely been validated in children.AimTo investigate the efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate‐based triple therapy in eradication of H. pylori in children and to determine the shortest duration of treatment required.Patients and methodsWe conducted a prospective randomized study comparing ranitidine bismuth citrate plus amoxicillin plus clarithromycin given for 4 days vs. 7 days in H. pylori‐infected children diagnosed by 13C‐urea breath test. Eradication was evaluated by repeat 13C‐urea breath test at 6 weeks after treatment.ResultsA total of 206 children were recruited (median age 12 years, 97 boys and 109 girls). Ninety‐eight (47.6%) and 108 (52.4%) children were randomized to receive 7‐day and 4‐day regimen respectively. The eradication rate of 4‐day treatment arm was 77.8% (both intention‐to‐treat and per protocol) compared with 88.8% (intention‐to‐treat, P = 0.036) and 89.7% (per protocol, P = 0.022) of 7‐day regimen. There was no statistical difference in terms of side effects between the two groups.ConclusionsSeven‐day ranitidine bismuth citrate‐based triple therapy is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for eradication of H. pylori in children.
Paediatricians’ attitudes about discussing maternal depression during a paediatric primary care visit
Authors: Heneghan A. M. , Morton S. , DeLeone N. L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives  To assess paediatricians’ beliefs about discussing maternal depressive symptoms during a paediatric visit, and methods paediatricians use to identify mothers with depressive symptoms.Methods  In‐depth telephone interviews were conducted with 23 primary care paediatricians from a practice‐based research network. We asked a series of previously developed questions about discussing maternal depressive symptoms during a paediatric visit; methods used to identify mothers at risk; barriers encountered, and potential strategies to improve recognition and treatment of maternal depression. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were codified and analysed using standard qualitative data techniques.Results  All paediatricians agreed that it is appropriate to ask mothers about their own health during a well‐child visit, because a mother’s well‐being affects her children. Paediatricians relied on observational cues to identify a mother with depressive symptoms, especially mother–child interactions. Few used direct questions or a checklist. Almost all paediatricians felt that lack of time was the barrier most often faced in addressing maternal depression. Lack of training, inadequate knowledge of resources and distractions encountered in the primary care setting were additional barriers cited. One‐third of paediatricians acknowledged the fear of judgement and stigma that a mother may face when discussing maternal stresses. Paediatricians desired better ability to refer mothers to social workers for help.Conclusions  Observational cues are used more often than direct questions or screening tools to identify mothers at risk of depression. This may under‐identify mothers at risk. Paediatricians prefer to rely on other professionals, particularly social services, to address maternal depression, yet mothers may be hesitant or ambivalent about such assistance because of fear of judgement. Paediatricians, in fact, may be the professional mothers most want to communicate with. Thus, appreciation of mothers’ perspectives, empathetic communication skills and knowledge of community resources can enhance paediatricians’ abilities to assist mothers at risk for depression.