bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations in 17β‐estradiol‐induced rat mammary tumors: Indications of distinct pathways for tumor development
Authors: Adamovic Tatjana , Roshani Leyla , Chen Lei , Schaffer Beverly S. , Helou Khalil , Levan Göran , Olsson Björn , Shull James D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEstrogens play an important role in breast cancer etiology and the ACI rat provides a novel animal model for defining the mechanisms through which estrogens contribute to mammary cancer development. In crossing experiments between the susceptible ACI strain and two resistant strains, COP (Copenhagen) and BN (Brown Norway), several quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect development of 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐induced mammary tumors have been defined. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), we have analyzed cytogenetic aberrations in E2‐induced mammary cancers and have found clear patterns of nonrandom chromosomal involvement. Approximately two thirds of the tumors exhibited copy number changes. Losses of rat chromosome 5 (RNO5) and RNO20 were particularly common, and it was found that these two aberrations often occurred together. A third recurrent aberration involving proximal gain and distal loss in RNO6 probably defined a distinct subgroup of tumors, since it never occurred in combination with RNO5 loss. Interestingly, QTL with powerful effects on mammary cancer development have been mapped to RNO5 and RNO6. These findings suggest that there were at least two genetic pathways to tumor formation in this rat model of E2‐induced mammary cancer. By performing CGH on mammary tumors from ACI rats, F1 rats from crosses between the ACI and COP or BN strains and ACI.BN‐Emca8 congenic rats, which carry the BN allele of the Emca8 QTL on RNO5 on the ACI genetic background, we were able to determine that the constitution of the germ line influences the pattern of chromosomal aberrations. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Statistical methods for haplotype‐based matched case‐control association studies
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Hong , Li Zhaohai , Zheng Gang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKraft et al. [2005] proposed a method for matched haplotype‐based association studies and compared the performances of six analytic strategies for estimating the odds ratio parameters using a conditional likelihood function. Zhang et al. [2006] modified the conditional likelihood and proposed a new method for matched haplotype‐based association studies. The main assumptions of Zhang et al. were that the disease was rare, the population was in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and the haplotypes were independent of the covariates and matching variable(s). In this article, we modify the estimation procedure proposed by Zhang et al. and introduce a fixation index so that the assumption of HWE is relaxed. Using the Wald test, we compare the current modified method with the procedure developed by Kraft et al. through simulations. The results show that the modified method is uniformly more powerful than that described in Kraft et al. Furthermore, the results indicate that the modified method is quite robust to the rare disease assumption.Genet. Epidemiol.2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Provenance of Miocene submarine fans in the northern Adana Basin, southern Turkey: A test of discriminant function analysis
Authors: Gürbüz Kemal , Kelling Gilbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe provenance of the deep marine clastics of the Cingöz Formation, which were deposited contemporaneously during the Miocene as two small neighbouring submarine fans (western and eastern fans) in the northern part of the Adana Basin, has been studied by: (1) thin section petrography; (2) the use of the ternary discriminant diagrams (Q‐F‐L, Qm‐F‐Lt) of Dickinson et al. (1983); and (3) the use of discriminant function analysis (DFA) techniques.Thin section petrography confirms that the compositions of sandstones in both the western and eastern fans are broadly similar, but they display subtle differences which are related to their local sources. Both of these submarine fans were ultimately supplied from a source area which contained ophiolitic, sedimentary, metamorphic and some felsic igneous rock types.The point counting results have been plotted on the ternary diagrams of Dickinson et al. (1983). On this basis, most of the samples can be assigned to a magmatic arc provenance, with some recycling. There appears to be no significant difference in provenance between these two fans on the basis of these ternary diagrams.Discriminant function analysis of the same data, utilizing the original Dickinson et al. (1983) data set, reveals some otherwise undetected differences in provenance between the two fans. This test also shows that the DFA of sandstones for petrotectonic purposes should be improved by adding further actual data to the data set originally assembled by Dickinson et al. (1983). Moreover the DFA results confirm that in this instance erroneous petrotectonic inferences can be drawn from the Dickinson et al. ternary diagrams as a result of the complex tectonic history of the source, although clues to this complexity can be discerned in the DFA data, provided that the full set of Dickinson categories is deployed. Taken together with the abundant field data these analyses show that the sands and gravels forming these small Mid‐Miocene submarine fans were supplied to the deep marine Adana Basin via two main separate point sources, together with some minor point sources, all located in the Taurus orogenic belt, on the northern margin of the Adana Basin.
Late Cretaceous benthic foraminiferal proliferation on the Arabian Platform: Taxonomic remarks on the genus Orbitoides d'Orbigny 1848
Authors: Özcan Ercan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn south‐eastern Turkey, a transgressive phase with a rich benthic foraminiferal association followed the Late Cretaceous emplacement of nappes onto the passive northern margin of the Arabian Platform. At the base, this transgressive sequence is represented by coarse clastics and local carbonate intercalations of the Antak Formation and the overlying, shallow water friable sands and carbonate facies of the Besni Formation, which is characterized by a sudden proliferation of benthic foraminifera, rudists and other macrofossil groups. Finally, below the unconformable Tertiary units, the more basinal marls and regressive sandstone‐carbonate lithologies of the Germav Formation complete the Mesozoic succession.In the light of the newly discovered benthic and planktonic foraminiferal associations, the age of this transgression has been assigned to the Late Campanian. Overlying levels yield more diversified foraminiferal assemblages including genera such as Orbitoides, Siderolites, Omphalocyclus, Loftusia, Lepidorbitoides, Sirtina and other benthic taxa suggesting a Maastrichtian age. However, biometric analysis of the embriyon size of the Orbitoides populations from these levels show that these specimens are more primitive than the type Maastrichtian forms.
Is the motion of the Eastern Mediterranean region faster than expected?
Authors: Altiner Y. , Seeger H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe horizontal motions of the lithospheric plates generally range from a few millimetres to more than 150 mm/year; smaller motions are expected in the vertical direction. The measurement of such small relative movements has been made possible by the development of satellite geodesy [satellite laser ranging (SLR) and the global positioning system (GPS)] followed by very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). It is now possible to measure motions of less than a few millimetres per year from space.To monitor the relative movements in the Eastern Mediterranean region, SLR measurements to the LAGEOS satellite have been made within the WEGENER MEDLAS Project (Working Group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks for Earth Science Research Mediterranean Laser Ranging) since 1986 on four platforms in Turkey: Bolu/Yigilca [on the north side of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF)], Yozgat, Karaman/Melengiclik and Diyarbakir (on the Anatolian plate) as well as on six additional sites in Greece. The first results of the measurements made in 1986, 1987 and 1989 support earlier seismic results. The results from the SLR campaigns indicate a right‐lateral motion across the NAF. The results of two GPS campaigns carried out in 1988 and 1990 in north‐west Turkey indicate similar movements.The NAF shows a right‐lateral movement of 25 mm/year and the north‐western part of the Anatolian block escapes south‐west at a rate of 50 mm/year; more than expected.Up to the studies of Oral et al. (1992), the results of the vertical motions of the SLR and GPS campaigns coincide and show a surprisingly high rate for the station on the Anatolian peninsula of about 5 cm/year downwards.
Crustal dynamics in Turkey from WEGENER/MEDLAS satellite laser ranging data
Authors: Sahin M. , Rands P. N. , Cross P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSatellite laser ranging (SLR) data collected at sites around the world between 1984 and 1990 by the WEGENER/MEDLAS Group (Working Group of European Geoscientists for the Establishment of Networks for Earthquake Research/MEDiterranean Laser Ranging) have been processed to give six annual long arc solutions for the global set of stations and six annual pseudo‐short arc (PSA) network solutions for the European and Mediterranean stations. The first two WEGENER/MEDLAS measurement campaigns involving the mobile SLR stations in Turkey (Diyarbakir, Yigilca, Melengiçlik and Yozgat) took place in 1987 and 1989. In the first step of this study a global reference frame was defined using most of the fixed SLR stations. The PSA technique was then applied to a network including both mobile and fixed SLR stations in Europe and the eastern Mediterranean, and station velocities were calculated in the global reference frame. The fixed European stations which do not have significant motions within the global reference frame were chosen to define a fixed European reference frame. Finally, the station velocities were calculated in this fixed European reference frame. The PSA technique shows that horizontal velocities of stations in Turkey range from 1 to 4 cm/yr relative to this frame. The motions of stations in Yigilca, Melengiçlik and Yozgat are in a north to north‐westerly direction. However, the station in Diyarbakir appears to have a motion in an easterly direction.
Tectonic control on the development of the Neogene‐Quaternary Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, Turkey
Authors: Toprak Vedat , Göncöoḡlu M. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Neogene‐Quaternary Central Anatolian Volcanic Province (CAVP) is elongated in a north‐east‐south‐west direction within pre‐Oligocene basement in central Turkey. This study investigates the field evidence relating to the development of the CAVP.Two dominant fault systems are recognized in the area. The first consists of the major conjugate faults in the region, namely, the right‐lateral Tuzgölü and left‐lateral Ecemiş fault zones, and other faults parallel to these zones. The faults in this system are mostly active and cut the CAVP almost at right angles. The second fault system trends in a N60°–70°E direction, parallel to the volcanic axis and to the alignment of the major eruption centres. These faults, which are of the normal type, are mostly buried beneath the products of recent volcanic eruptions.The behaviour of the first system is explained with reference to the present north‐south convergence that occurs in the eastern Mediterranean region. These faults, which might be reactivated palaeotectonic structures, are a response to a present day compressive stress direction of about N10°W. The second fault system, in contrast, is the product of a short‐term tensional period that occurred during the Mid‐Late Miocene to Pliocene. This extension is almost at right angles to the convergence. As a result, the pre‐Oligocene basement in the area was fractured in a N60°–70°E direction and these fractures served as pathways for the extrusive rocks that formed the CAVP. The major eruption centres of the CAVP (i.e. the Hasanda, Keçiboyduran and Melendiz stratovolcanoes) are located at the intersection of the major faults of these two fault systems.
Lower carboniferous (Dinantian) stratigraphy and structure in the Kingscourt Outlier, Ireland
Authors: Strogen Peter , Somerville Ian D. , Pickard Neil A. H. , Jones Gareth li. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLogging of 55 recent boreholes, together with remapping, has resulted in a fundamental reassessment of the stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Dinantian Kingscourt Outlier. Despite the present isolated position of the outlier within the Longford‐Down Massif, the Kingscourt rocks are an integral part of the Dublin Basin succession. The newly defined Ardagh Platform marks the most northerly limit to basinal sedimentation in the Dinantian Dublin Basin.The Courceyan is a typical but thinner, north Dublin Basin succession with two new formal units: the Rockfield Sandstone Member and the Kilbride Formation. The latter, a coarse‐grained, well washed limestone of latest Courceyan to early Chadian (late Tournaisian) age is the shallow water equivalent of the Feltrim Formation (Waulsortian facies), which is absent in the outlier. The Courceyan interval in the north of the outlier is markedly attenuated. In the succeeding Chadian‐Brigantian interval basinal facies predominate in the south, but on the Ardagh Platform an almost complete coeval Viséan shallow water sequence is found. A new platform unit (Deer Park Formation) of latest Asbian to Brigantian age is defined in the Ardagh area. The Dee Member (Chadian) is newly defined for the lower part of the basinal Tober Colleen Formation and the Altmush Shale Member is formally defined for the upper part of the Loughshinny Formation.Two major structures dominate the Kingscourt Outlier: the NE‐SW trending Moynalty Syncline in the south and the N‐S trending Kingscourt Fault. Both are Hercynian structures, but probably represent reactivated Caledonide basement‐controlled structures. Dinantian syn‐depositional faulting is indicated in both the Courceyan (‘Kingscourt Sag’) and Chadian‐Asbian. The latter period of faulting in the Ardagh area separates platform facies in the north from basinal facies to the south. In the late Asbian, platform facies with carbonate build‐ups prograded south into the basin as far south as Nobber, but in the latest Asbian to Brigantian, basinal facies extended northwards over the collapsed platform margin.
Hydrocarbon migration in the Solway Basin
Authors: Parnell J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarboniferous rocks in the north Solway onshore outcrop show evidence of hydrocarbon migration. Oil residues occur as intergranular bitumen in sandstones, thoriferous bitumen nodules in sandstones and uraniferous bitumens in fractures associated with the North Solway Fault at the northern margin of the Solway Basin. Oil was emplaced in sandstones after the dissolution of dolomite, calcite and clay cements. The radioelement‐rich bitumens represent deposition following interactions between migrating hydrocarbons and metalliferous fluids. The close proximity of the Caledonian Criffel granodiorite, unroofed by Carboniferous times, suggests that the pluton was the source of uranium and thorium. Hydrocarbon source rocks are identified further east in the more complete succession exposed in the Esk Valley region, along with further oil residues. Time‐temperature modelling suggests that oil was generated from Lower Carboniferous source rocks during the Permo‐Triassic. Chemical age dating of uraninite in bitumen yields early Jurassic ages, which may reflect the time of hydrocarbon migration along the North Solway Fault system, and may be related to a mid‐Jurassic episode of regional uplift. Analyses of thorite in bitumen nodules give a wider spread of data, probably due to the migration of daughter lead.
Palaeomagnetism of the Tan y Grisiau granite, North Wales: Evidence for a subvolcanic origin in Late Ordovician times
Authors: Piper J. D. A. , Nowell D. A. G. , Crimes T. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProgressive thermal demagnetization of samples from the Tan y Grisiau granite defines a coherent easterly positive characteristic remanence (D/I = 124.9/60.3°;, 42 samples, R = 40–51, a95 = 4.8°;) residing in magnetite. An ancient reversal of magnetization is recovered in the highest blocking temperature spectrum of a few samples and suggests that a cooling‐related dipolar axis is recorded by this pluton. Only facies of the granite which have been reddened, probably by submagmatic streaming, have recorded a stable remanence. Adjustment for tilt yields a very steep remanence (D/I = 193/88°;) incompatible with any known Early Palaeozoic and younger field direction from Britain. The in situ remanence has a similar declination to the primary magnetization in Late Ordovician dolerites from the Welsh Borderlands and yields a comparable palaeolatitude (41.5°;S). It is concluded that the Tan y Grisiau pluton was magnetized in Late Ordovician times after deformation. Folding in this region is therefore interpreted to be substantially of Taconic (Late Ordovician) origin and not Acadian in age. As both in situ and tilt‐adjusted remanence directions are incompatible with Silurian and younger palaeofield directions from Britain, the pluton is interpreted as a subvolcanic component of the North Wales igneous province. Large anticlockwise rotation of Avalonia is identified between Late Ordovician and Late Silurian times.
Gutter casts from the Proterozoic Bijaygarh Shale Formation, India: Their implication for storm‐induced circulation in shelf settings
Authors: Chakraborty Chandan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe orientations of elongate gutter casts occurring in inner shelf storm deposits of the Proterozoic Bijaygarh Shale Formation, India reveal a modal population oriented roughly parallel to the average trend of the associated wave ripples. Assuming that the wave ripple trend approximately represents the orientation of the contemporary shoreline, the shore‐parallel gutters appear to have been formed by the geostrophic current. Some gutters oriented at high angles to the inferred shoreline presumably represent incision by wave orbital currents in a storm‐induced combined flow regime. The gutters also show variations in the style of incision and infill, which may be useful in distinguishing between gutters formed by wave orbital and geostrophic currents, independently of their orientation pattern with respect to the palaeo‐shoreline.
The generation and redistribution of overland flow on a massive oxic soil in a eucalypt woodland within the semi‐arid tropics of North Australia
Authors: Bonell Mike , Williams John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a dearth of knowledge on the runoff processes of eucalypt woodland communities in the semi‐arid tropics of Australia. The work was undertaken on a 100 m transect of a 0·8 degree hillslope typical of the ‘smooth plainlands’ of central‐north Queensland. This paper introduces a new experimental design for measuring overland flow in such areas by way of a cascade system of unbounded runoff plots which allow the inputs and outputs between troughs to be calculated. Most storms generate overland flow. Time to overland flow ranges between 1 and 18 min where rain intensities are above 10mm hr−1 and when the average detention storage of 3·6 mm is exceeded. The bare soil surfaces within the scattered grass understory control the runoff generation process through the temporal variability of field saturated hydraulic conductivity. The study demonstrated that overland flow is mainly redistributed over the freely‐draining oxic soil. Some areas export more overland flow than they gain from upslope (runoff), others gain more overland flow than they export (runon). Over the study period only 2 per cent of total rain is transferred out of this 100 m transect as overland flow due to the short duration of storms, the relatively high soil permeability, and the low slope angle. The remainder adds to the large soil water store or deep drainage. The variability of runoff–runon over these ‘smooth plainlands’ highlights how results from bounded plots would be misleading in such areas.
Identification of soil erosion and fluvial sediment problems
Authors: Dickinson W. T. , Rudra R. P. , Wall G. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA computer model has been used to estimate soil loss and sediment yield from irregular field‐size units of small watersheds. Input to the model includes spring data (i.e. relating to February through May) for the independent variables of the Universal Soil Loss Equation, and for factors such as surface roughness, an index of overland runoff, and proximity to the stream. Output from the model includes maps of seasonal estimates of potential soil losses, field sediment delivery ratios, and expected sediment yields. On the basis of selected erosion and sediment yield tolerances, the output information has been analysed to identify watershed areas which (1) exhibit both erosion and sediment yield problems; (2) exhibit only erosion problems; (3) exhibit only sediment yield problems; and (4) exhibit neither erosion nor sediment yield problems. The percentage of the watershed area in each category and the percentage of the watershed soil loss and sediment loads contributed by each category are also identified. Application of the procedure for planning remedial control programs for five watersheds is discussed.
Chemical dynamics of N‐containing ionic species in a boreal forest snowcover during the spring melt period
Authors: Jones H. G. , Deblois C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of the changes in the ionic loads of NO, NH, SO and H+ in a boreal forest snowpack at Lake Laflamme, Québec was carried out using hydrological and chemical data from field lysimeters. The results showed that depletion of the N‐containing species occurs periodically in the snowpack during meltwater discharge. Rain‐on‐snow events led to in‐pack losses of NO and NH at a rate of 130 μeq m−2 day−1 and 101·3 μeq m−2day−1 respectively. On dry days, however, dry deposition and deposition of organic debris from the canopy resulted in increases of 183·3 μeq m−2day−1 for NO and 4·5 μeq m−2day−1 for NH in the pack. In contrast, SO42− showed continual in‐pack increases due to deposition of 5·0 μeq m−2day−1 for wet days and 92·6 μeq m−2day−1 for dry days. The depletion of NO and NH is due to microbiological uptake of these nutrients during periods when the free water content of the pack is high. Controlled melts in a laboratory snowmelt simulator containing snow and organic matter from the forest canopy at Lake Laflamme showed losses of NO and NH similar to those observed in the field. As the microbiological uptake proceeds at a rate comparable to that of ionic load increases in the pack by dry deposition, models of the chemical dynamics of snowmelt should take the former into account in any system where organic content of the snowpack is appreciable.