bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Akt1 inhibition by RNA interference sensitizes human non‐small cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin
Authors: Lee Myoung Woo , Kim Dae Seong , Min Na Young , Kim Heung Tae 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAkt/protein kinase B signaling is very important for cancer cell survival and growth when cells are exposed to various apoptotic stimuli. Akt is constitutively activated in NSCLC cells and is a potential target for enhancing the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of NSCLC. In our study, we investigated whether down‐regulating Akt1 using RNAi techniques can enhance sensitivity to cisplatin in NSCLC cells. An siRNA targeting Akt1 significantly decreased the protein level of Akt1 and the activity of ERK. Treatment of these cells with 20 μM cisplatin increased apoptotic cell death ∼2.6‐fold compared to cells transfected with a scrambled siRNA. While Akt activity was slightly reduced, ERK activity was greatly increased in cells treated with cisplatin alone. Pretreatment of these cells with the selective MEK inhibitor U0126 effectively reduced the level of cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. These results imply that cisplatin‐induced MEK/ERK activation appears to mediate apoptotic cell death, but that constitutively activated Akt1 and/or ERK pathway may mediate resistance to cisplatin in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that down‐regulation of Akt1 using RNAi enhances the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutaneous human papillomavirus infection, the EVER2 gene and incidence of squamous cell carcinoma: A case‐control study
Authors: Patel Anita S. , Karagas Margaret R. , Pawlita Michael , Waterboer Tim , Nelson Heather H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe first evidence of an association between HPV and non‐melanoma skin cancer comes from patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). EV is a rare heritable disease characterized by cutaneous warts that display not only a high rate of progression to squamous cell carcinoma on sun‐exposed sites, but also a strong predisposition to infection by β‐HPVs, for which HPV 5 and 8 predominate. Two EV genes (EVER1 and EVER2) have been identified, and we tested the hypothesis that variation in the EVER2 gene (rs7208422) is related to seropositivity to HPV (of the genus β types) and risk of squamous cell carcinoma in a population‐based case‐control study of SCC (n = 239 cases and 432 controls). Among controls, variant genotype was associated with β‐HPV seropositvity (OR = 2.3, 95%CI = 1.2–4.3), specifically HPV5 or 8 seropositivity (OR = 2.4, 95%CI = 1.1–5.1) and seropositivity for multiple β‐HPV types (OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.1–6.6). Furthermore, variant genotype was also related to SCC risk [adjusted OR for homozygous variant versus homozygous wild type for the EVER2 polymorphism 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.7]. These data provide evidence for a role of genetic variation in the EVER2 gene in β‐HPV infection and risk of SCC, shedding light on the link between HPVs and skin cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tobacco smoking and the risk of upper aero‐digestive tract cancers: A reanalysis of case–control studies using spline models
Authors: Polesel Jerry , Talamini Renato , La Vecchia Carlo , Levi Fabio , Barzan Luigi , Serraino Diego , Franceschi Silvia , Dal Maso Luigino 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough tobacco smoking has long been recognized as a major risk factor for cancer of the upper aero‐digestive tract (UADT, i.e., oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and oesophagus), very few studies have provided estimates of the effect of very low tobacco consumption. Step‐functions have been the common statistical methods for risk estimates, but the choice of reference category and of interval cutpoints influence the results, especially when data are sparse. In the present analysis, the dose–response relationship between UADT cancers and tobacco smoking was evaluated through logistic regression spline models. We included 1,241 UADT male cases and 2,835 male controls pooled from a large series of case–control studies conducted in northern Italy and in the Swiss Canton of Vaud during the last 2 decades. For cancers of the pharynx, larynx and oesophagus, the risk steadily increased with number of cigarettes/day. The risk of oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal cancers was significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers beginning with as low as 2 cigarettes/day. The effect of tobacco smoking at low levels seemed less evident for laryngeal cancer since the raise in risk begun with 6 cigarettes/day. In conclusion, for all the examined UADT sites, a monotonic dose–response relationship between cancer risk and cigarette smoking emerged. The excess of risk among people smoking 2 cigarettes/day highlights the absence of any harmless level for cigarette smoking, and it further supports the need of public health programs against tobacco smoking. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macronutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and renal cell cancer risk
Authors: Bidoli Ettore , Talamini Renato , Zucchetto Antonella , Polesel Jerry , Bosetti Cristina , Negri Eva , Maruzzi Daniele , Montella Maurizio , Franceschi Silvia , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe role of selected macronutrients, fatty acids and cholesterol in the etiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was analyzed using data from a case–control study conducted in 4 Italian areas between 1992 and 2004. Cases were 767 patients with incident, histologically confirmed RCC, admitted to major teaching and general hospitals of the study areas. Controls were 1,534 subjects admitted for acute, nonneoplastic conditions to the same hospitals. Information on dietary habits and nutrient intake was elicited using a validated food frequency questionnaire including 78 food groups and recipes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for increasing levels of nutrient intake were estimated after allowance for total energy intake and other potential confounding factors. A direct association with RCC was found for starch intake (OR = 1.9 for highest versus lowest quintile of intake; 95% CI: 1.4–2.6, p‐value for trend = 0.001), while an inverse association was found for fats from vegetable sources (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5–0.8; p‐value for trend = 0.002), unsaturated fatty acids (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7; p‐value for trend = 0.0002), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7; p‐value for trend = 0.001). Among polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7; p‐value for trend = 0.0001) and linolenic acid (OR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–1.0; p‐value for trend = 0.01) were inversely related to RCC. When 6 major macronutrients were included in the same model, the adverse effect of high intake of starch remained statistically significant, together with the protective effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results were consistent in strata of age, body mass index, treated hypertension, energy intake, stage and family history of RCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in the RAS‐MAPK, PI(3)K (phosphatidylinositol‐3‐OH kinase) signaling network correlate with poor survival in a population‐based series of colon cancers
Authors: Barault Ludovic , Veyrie Nicolas , Jooste Valerie , Lecorre Delphine , Chapusot Caroline , Ferraz Jean‐Marc , Lièvre Astrid , Cortet Marion , Bouvier Anne‐Marie , Rat Patrick , Roignot Patrick , Faivre Jean , Laurent‐Puig Pierre , Piard Francoise 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe RAS‐MAPK, PI (3)K signaling pathways form a network that play a central role in tumorigenesis. The BRAF, KRAS and PI3KCA genes code 3 partners of this network and have been found to be activated by mutation in colorectal cancer; these mutations lead to unrestricted cell growth. We evaluated the clinicopathological features and the prognosis of patients with activated‐network colon cancers in a population‐based study. A total of 586 colon adenocarcinomas were evaluated using sequencing for mutations of KRAS and PI3KCA, and allelic discrimination for mutation of BRAF. Clinicopathological characteristics were correlated to the risk of bearing a mutation of the network using logistic regression. Three‐year survival rates were compared with the Log rank test. A multivariate survival analysis using the Cox model was performed. After adjustment for age and microsatellite instability, activation of the network by mutation of at least 1 of the 3 genes was significantly associated with female sex (p = 0.02) and proximal location (p < 0.001). Lower levels of 3‐year survival were associated with activation of the network by mutation of at least 1 of the 3 genes (59.4 and 69.4%, respectively; p = 0.009). These results remained significant in a multivariate analysis adjusted for sex, age, location, stage and microsatellite instability (HR = 1.48; CI CI95% = [1.07–2.04]). Our study is the first report to underline the potential role of RAS‐MAPK, PI (3)K network mutations on survival in colon cancers. Because of the role of this signaling network on anticancer agents, the evaluation of its mutations could have clinical implications. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Difference in characteristics of APC mutations between colonic and extracolonic tumors of FAP patients: Variations with phenotype
Authors: Miyaki Michiko , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Iijima Takeru , Takahashi Keiichi , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Yasutome Michiya , Funata Nobuaki , Mori Takeo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo clarify the differences in characteristics of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations between colorectal tumors from various phenotypes of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and between colorectal and extracolonic tumors, we analyzed APC mutations in 86 colorectal tumors from FAP patients including profuse, sparse and attenuated types, 23 sporadic colorectal tumors and 40 FAP extracolonic tumors including duodenal, gastric and desmoid tumors. In all tumors, 1 allele of the truncated APC gene retained armadillo repeats, 15‐amino‐acid (aa) repeats and various numbers of 20‐aa repeats, but lacked SAMP repeats, as a result of germline and somatic mutations. Regarding 20‐aa repeats, the truncated APC gene retained 1 repeat due to allele loss in 96% (27/28) of colorectal tumors from profuse‐type FAP, 69% (36/52) of sparse‐type retained 2 repeats due to somatic mutation, and 100% (6/6) of attenuated‐type retained 2 or 3 repeats due to the third or second hit. In sporadic colorectal tumors 74% (17/23) retained 1 or 2 repeats. The truncated APC gene retained 3 repeats in 88% (7/8) of FAP duodenal tumors, 100% (26/26) of gastric tumors retained 2 or 3 repeats and 83% (5/6) of desmoid tumors retained 2 repeats. These data suggest that the number of β‐catenin downregulating 20‐aa repeats in truncated APC gene associated with colorectal tumorigenesis is different in profuse, sparse and attenuated types of FAP, and that the association with tumorigenesis is also different between colorectal and extracolonic tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The infant protection system in France: How does it work?
Authors: Guedeney Antoine , Guedeney Nicole 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe French system for protection of infants and toddlers relies on the collaboration of several different partners for preventing, screening, assessing, intervening in, and treating cases of infant abuse and neglect. This article first provides a brief historic overview and some data about the protection of infants in France, with data focused on the Parisian area. We then describe the tasks and interconnections of these different agencies and administrations, and offer some reflections on the actual functioning of the system. Finally, some suggestions for changes are provided. Discussion should begin on a theoretical level regarding whether we should continue with institutionalization of infants for long periods of time, as is still the case in Paris. Discussion also should take place regarding which is the higher priority when infants and children are in situations of danger, abuse, and/or neglect of infants: (a) the hope of reestablishing parental rights or (b) the need of the infant for a secure and stable attachment relationship. The process of evaluating parental caregiving skills would benefit from more clinical observation as well as structured methods of assessment.
A judicial–mental health partnership to heal young children in juvenile court
Authors: Lederman Judge Cindy , Osofsky Joy D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this article, we describe the background and issues to be addressed related to dependent children in juvenile court. In an important effort to systematically examine developmental functioning and treatment needs in maltreated and violence‐exposed young children, the Prevention and Evaluation of Early Neglect and Trauma (PREVENT) initiative of the Dependency Court Intervention Program for Family Violence, a national demonstration project in the Miami‐Dade Juvenile Court, developed a program to evaluate all infants, toddlers, and preschoolers who are adjudicated dependent by the court. The goal of the intervention is to raise awareness of the needs of infants and toddlers in juvenile court and to work toward healing the child. The PREVENT program involved the evolution of a judicial–mental health partnership designed to assist the court in making more informed decisions about the best interest of the child by adding scientific knowledge about development, prevention, intervention, evaluation, and treatment. The outcome of the partnership and multidisciplinary approach is illustrated through presenting a case vignette of a mother and baby showing the challenges and strengths of intervention. Finally, we consider overall outcomes of the intervention and directions for the future.
Predictors of permanent loss of custody for mothers of infants and toddlers in foster care
Authors: Larrieu Julie A. , Heller Sherryl S. , Smyke Anna T. , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe maltreating mothers of abused and neglected infants and toddlers were evaluated as part of an intensive intervention program. The purpose of this study was to examine cumulative risk versus specific risk factors that led to permanent loss of custody by mothers, predicated upon decisions by the Juvenile Court with regard to permanency planning. The following risk factors were analyzed as potential predictors of placement outcomes: maternal education, maternal history of abuse as a child, history of psychiatric difficulties, substance‐abuse history, conviction history (excluding child‐abuse charges), depressive symptomatology, degree of partner violence experienced, and cumulative number of risks the mother experienced. Results indicated that mothers who lost custody had significantly more risk factors than those who were reunified with their children. Cumulative risk was a stronger predictor than specific risk factors. Implications for intervention are discussed.
Filicide: Historical review and prevention of child death by parent
Authors: Koenen Mark A. , Thompson, Jr. John W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFilicide has occurred throughout the world since before recorded history. Although rates have declined in developed nations, it remains a leading cause of child death with approximately equal numbers of children killed by fathers and mothers. A large percentage of filicides is associated with mental illness, particularly postpartum depression and psychosis. The remainder results from child abuse and neglect. Men convicted of filicide are usually incarcerated whereas female perpetrators are more likely to receive treatment‐oriented sentences. Individuals working with families and children should be trained to recognize risk factors and intervene to protect endangered children.
Three‐dimensional MRI assessment of regional wall stress after acute myocardial infarction predicts postdischarge cardiac events
Authors: Prunier Fabrice , Brette Stéphanie , Delépine Stéphane , Geslin Philippe , Le Jeune Jean‐Jacques , Furber Alain P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prognostic significance of systolic wall stress (SWS) after reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using MRI.Materials and MethodsA total of 105 patients underwent MRI 7.8 ± 4.2 days after AMI reperfusion. SWS was calculated by using a three‐dimensional (3D) MRI approach to left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and to the radius of curvature. Between hospital discharge and the end of follow‐up, an average of 4.1 ± 1.7 years after AMI, 19 patients experienced a major cardiac event, including cardiac death, nonfatal reinfarction or heart failure (18.3%).ResultsThe results were mainly driven by heart failure outcome. In univariate analysis the following factors were predictive of postdischarge major adverse cardiac events: 1) at the time of AMI: higher heart rate, previous calcium antagonist treatment, in‐hospital congestive heart failure, proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion, a lower ejection fraction, higher maximal ST segment elevation before reperfusion, and ST segment reduction lower than 50% after reperfusion; 2) MRI parameters: higher LV end‐systolic volume, lower ejection fraction, higher global SWS, higher SWS in the infarcted area (SWS MI) and higher SWS in the remote myocardium (SWS remote). In the final multivariate model, only SWS MI (odds ratio [OR]: 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–2.60; P = 0.046) and SWS remote (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.02–4.65; P = 0.046) were independent predictors.ConclusionRegional SWS assessed by means of MRI a few days after AMI appears to be strong predictor of postdischarge cardiac events, identifying a subset of at risk patients who could qualify for more aggressive management. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of the rat spinal cord at 9.4T
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Kurpad Shekar N. , Li Shi‐Jiang , Schmit Brian D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine differences in diffusion measurements in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) regions of the rat cervical, thoracic, and cauda equina spinal cord using in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a 9.4T MR scanner.Materials and MethodsDTI was performed on seven rats in three slices at the cervical, thoracic, and cauda equina regions of the spinal cord using a 9.4T magnet. Axial diffusion weighted images (DWIs) were collected at a b‐value of 1000 seconds/mm2 in six directions. Regions of interest were identified via T2‐weighted images for the lateral, dorsal, and ventral funiculi, along with GM regions.ResultsAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) results indicated significant differences between every WM funiculus compared to GM for longitudinal apparent diffusion coefficient (lADC), transverse apparent diffusion coefficient (tADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), measured longitudinal anisotropy (MA1), and anisotropy index (AI). A significant difference in mean diffusivity (MD) between regions of the spinal cord was not found. Diffusion measurements were significantly different at each spinal level. In general, GM regions were significantly different than WM regions; however, there were few significant differences between individual WM regions.ConclusionIn vivo DTI of the rat spinal cord at 9.4T appears sensitive to the architecture of neural structures in the rat spinal cord and may be a useful tool in studying trauma and pathologies in the spinal cord. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Water diffusion anisotropy in white and gray matter of the human spinal cord
Authors: Rossi Cristina , Boss Andreas , Steidle Günter , Martirosian Petros , Klose Uwe , Capuani Silvia , Maraviglia Bruno , Claussen Claus D. , Schick Fritz 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo develop a reliable technique for diffusion imaging of the human spinal cord at 1.5 Tesla and to assess potential differences in diffusion anisotropy in cross‐sectional images.Materials and MethodsA single‐shot echo‐planar imaging sequence with double spin‐echo diffusion preparation was optimized regarding cerebrospinal fluid artifacts, effective resolution, and contrast‐to‐noise ratios. Eleven healthy volunteers participated in the study for quantitative characterization of diffusion anisotropy in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) by means of two diffusion encoding schemes: octahedral‐six‐directions for fractional anisotropy (FA) evaluation and orthogonal‐three‐directions for anisotropy index (AI) calculation.ResultsPulse‐trigger gated sequences with optimal matrix size (read × phase = 64 × 32) and b‐value (700 s/mm2) allowed the acquisition of high‐resolved images (voxel size = 0.9 × 0.9 × 5.0 mm3). The GM butterfly shape was recognizable in both AI and FA maps. Both encoding schemes yielded high diffusion anisotropy in dorsal WM (FA = 0.79 ± 0.07; AI = 0.39 ± 0.04). Lateral WM showed slightly lower anisotropy (FA = 0.69 ± 0.08; AI = 0.35 ± 0.03) than dorsal WM. Clearly smaller anisotropy was found in regions containing GM (FA = 0.45 ± 0.06; AI = 0.21 ± 0.05).ConclusionDiffusion anisotropy data of the spinal cord can be obtained in a clinical setting. Its application seems promising for the assessment of neurological disorders. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast four‐dimensional coronary MR angiography with k‐t GRAPPA
Authors: Lai Peng , Huang Feng , Larson Andrew C. , Li Debiao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effectiveness of k‐t GRAPPA for accelerating four‐dimensional (4D) coronary MRA in comparison with GRAPPA and the feasibility of combining variable density undersampling with conventional k‐t GRAPPA (k‐t2 GRAPPA) to alleviate the overhead of acquiring autocalibration signals.Materials and MethodsThe right coronary artery of nine healthy volunteers was scanned at 1.5 Tesla. The 4D k‐space datasets were fully acquired and subsequently undersampled to simulate partially parallel acquisitions, namely, GRAPPA, k‐t GRAPPA, and k‐t2 GRAPPA. Comparisons were made between the images reconstructed from full k‐space datasets and those reconstructed from undersampled k‐space datasets.Resultsk‐t GRAPPA significantly reduced artifacts compared with GRAPPA and high acceleration factors were achieved with only minimal sacrifices in vessel depiction. k‐t2 GRAPPA could further increase imaging speed without significant losses in image quality.ConclusionBy exploiting high‐degree spatiotemporal correlations during the rest period of a cardiac cycle, k‐t GRAPPA and k‐t2 GRAPPA can greatly increase data acquisition efficiency and, therefore, are promising solutions for fast 4D coronary MRA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.