bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of histamine release induced by morphine and oxymorphone administration in dogs
Authors: Robinson Elaine P. , Faggella Alicia M. , Henry David P. , Russell Weihua L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiovascular effects (vasodilatation, hypotension) of morphine administration have been attributed to central actions and peripheral histamine release. In the study reported here, we compared plasma histamine (Hm) concentrations after morphine sulfate and oxymorphone HCl administration in conscious dogs. Five healthy adult dogs (mean body weight, 10.1 kg) were randomly administered morphine (2 mg/kg of body weight, iv) or oxymorphone (0.2 mg/kg, iv) by a 5-second bolus injection at weekly intervals. Venous blood samples (5 ml) were collected from jugular veins before and at 1, 2, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after drug administration. Behavioral changes were recorded. Plasma was analyzed by a radioenzymatic technique, using purified histamine N-methyltransferase as an enzyme catalyst (sensitivity of assay, 40 pg Hm/ml). Mean base-line Hm value for all dogs was 0.55 ng/ml. The mean Hm value was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the base-line value at 1, 2, 5, 15, and 60 minutes after morphine administration (531.4, 251.0, 113.0, 31.5, and 1.0 ng of Hm/ml, respectively), but there were no significant increases in histamine values from base-line values at any time after oxymorphone administration. All dogs given morphine and 1 dog given oxymorphone showed excitatory behavior; 2 dogs given morphine and 3 dogs given oxymorphone salivated profusely.
Cardiovascular effects of acupuncture stimulation at point Governing Vessel 26 in halothane-anesthetized ponies
Authors: Dill Stephen G. , Gleed Robin , Matthews Nora S. , Erb Hollis N. , Miller Timothy K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The acupuncture point Governing Vessel 26 (GV-26) is used commonly in the Orient to treat shock in human beings and other species. The cardiovascular effects of stimulation of GV-26 were studied in healthy ponies during 2 episodes of halothane anesthesia. During one anesthetic episode, electrical stimulation (electrostimulation) of GV-26 was performed, and during the other anesthetic episode, heat stimulation (moxibustion) of GV-26 was performed. The order of the stimulations was random. A nonacupuncture point was selected for comparable control stimulation during each experiment. Control and acupuncture stimulations were of equal intensity. There were no significant changes in cardiac output, systemic arterial pressure, or heart rate associated with either electrical or heat acupuncture stimulation.
Enhancement of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis by modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine
Authors: George Lisle W. , Ardans Alex , Mihalyi Judy , Guerra Mario Reina 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of a modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine (administered ocularly or intranasally) on experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis were evaluated. The modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccine was administered to 13 male Holstein calves (intranasally in 4 and ocularly in 9; day 0). Five calves were not vaccinated and served as controls. Calves were examined daily and, starting on day 4, Moraxella bovis was administered ocularly to all 18 calves once daily for 4 days. The eyes of all calves were assigned a clinical score, and the ocular secretions were evaluated for presence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and M bovis daily until day 19. The severity of the ocular lesions was estimated by scoring the lesions clinically and by determining the protein concentration, myeloperoxidase activity, and wbc count in the tears.
By day 5, conjunctivitis, chemosis, and epiphora were observed in all of the calves vaccinated ocularly. The calves vaccinated intranasally developed conjunctival plaques, but did not develop chemosis or photophobia. All of the calves developed keratitis after inoculation with M bovis. The median lesion scores were greater in both groups of vaccinated calves than in the controls. Corneal perforations developed exclusively in the vaccinated calves. The frequency of M bovis isolation from ocular secretions was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the vaccinated calves than in the controls. The tears from the intranasally vaccinated calves contained the highest myeloperoxidase activity and wbc count. The mean protein concentration in the tears of vaccinated calves was not significantly different from that in tears of controls. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was recovered from ocular secretions of vaccinated calves daily for 11 days and then intermittently thereafter until day 19.
Identification and control of paratuberculosis in a large goat herd
Authors: Gezon Horace M. , Bither Henry D. , Gibbs Harold C. , Acker Elizabeth J. , Hanson Linda A. , Thompson Jeffrey K. , Jorgenson Richard D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was detected in 2 goats in 1974 and in 5 goats in 1975; 5 of which were from a single herd. The magnitude of the subsequent epizootic in the goat herd was not recognized until 1977, when results of bacteriologic culture of fecal and tissue specimens, antibody determinations (agar-gel immunodiffusion test), and histopathologic studies became available. By 1984, paratuberculosis had been diagnosed in 124 goats. Nearly all the goats were being used in antiserum production and had been given Freund complete adjuvant and human antigens. From 1974 to 1986, herd size varied from 100 to 300. The yearly incidence of paratuberculosis decreased from 13.2% (27 of 204 goats) in 1977 to 0% in 108 goats in 1985. The prevalence was higher in does. In goats that arrived on the farm in 1975 and before, 49 of 121 (40.5%) does developed paratuberculosis vs 41 of 120 (34.2%) wethers. In goats arriving on the farm in 1976 and after, 25 of 274 (8.5%) does and 9 of 216 (4.1%) wethers developed paratuberculosis. The average incubation period was approximately 4 years from arrival on the farm in every year except 1978, regardless of whether the goat was born on the farm or was purchased elsewhere.
Pathologic studies revealed gross and microscopic lesions predominantly in the lower portion of the ileum and associated lymph nodes; however, in goats with advanced disease, lesions were detected in the entire intestinal tract, liver, spleen, and lungs. Amyloidosis was detected in the spleen, liver, kidneys, and/or adrenal glands of 67 of 118 (56.8%) necropsied goats with paratuberculosis and 149 of 387 (38.5%) goats without bacteriologic and/or histologic evidence of paratuberculosis.
Nonrandomized therapeutic trials were conducted in 19 goats with fecal cultures considered positive for M paratuberculosis: 4 were given isoniazid; 4 were given isoniazid plus rifampin; 4 were given isoniazid plus ethambutol; and 7 were given isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol. All drugs were given orally each day for 3 to 16 months, but without success.
Major changes were made in herd management to control the epizootic and to eradicate the disease. Using agar-gel immunodiffusion testing quarterly, bacteriologic culture of fecal specimens semiannually, and weighing all goats monthly, earlier diagnosis of paratuberculosis was achieved. Isolation or euthanasia of all goats with confirmed or suspected paratuberculosis was carried out promptly. All young and newly purchased goats were quarantined. Strict sanitation rules were followed. The herd has remained free of paratuberculosis since 1984.
Visual-evoked potentials in cats, using a light-emitting diode stimulator
Authors: Sims Michael H. , Laratta Louis J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Visual-evoked potentials (vep) were studied in 8 healthy adult cats anesthetized with xylazine HCl and ketamine HCl. Monocular visual stimulation was accomplished by a 3 × 5 matrix of light-emitting diodes. Subcutaneous needle electrodes placed in the scalp at various locations and a contact lens electrode on the cornea were used to record cortical and electroretinographic activities, respectively. Multiple electrode pairings and unilateral optic nerve transsection were used to distinguish between retinal and postretinal potentials recorded from scalp electrodes. The vep was a robust polyphasic cortical potential, with peak latencies between 0 and 110 ms. Using the light-emitting diode method of stimulation, a vep was recorded which was not contaminated by volume-conducted retinal activity.
Comparison of cardiopulmonary effects of isoflurane and halothane after atropine-guaifenesin-thiamylal anesthesia for rumenotomy in steers
Authors: Greene S. A. , Tyner C. L. , Morris D. L. , Hartsfield S. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiopulmonary effects were assessed in 12 yearling steers anesthetized with guaifenesin and thiamylal sodium, intubated, and allowed to breathe isoflurane or halothane in oxygen spontaneously. Light surgical anesthesia, determined using eye position as a clinical indication of anesthetic depth, was maintained during surgical placement of a rumen cannula. Heart rate and respiratory rate were measured while the steers were standing quietly (baseline). Atropine (0.06 mg/kg of body weight, im) was given after baseline measurements were taken. Heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressures, pHa, Paco2, Pao2, arterial [HCO3−], esophageal temperature, and end-tidal anesthetic concentration were measured every 15 minutes for 90 minutes after induction of anesthesia.
Mean heart rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) above baseline in the isoflurane group at 15 and 30 minutes. Mean respiratory rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) above baseline in the halothane group at 45 minutes. At 45 minutes, mean respiratory rate was lower (P < 0.05) in the isoflurane group, compared with that in the halothane group. Mean values for arterial blood pressures and arterial gases were similar for both agents at comparable times. Mean end-tidal isoflurane concentrations were less than mean end-tidal halothane concentrations at each comparable time during maintenance of similar anesthetic depth. Maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane resulted in higher heart rates and lower respiratory rates, compared with maintenance of anesthesia with halothane in these steers.
Influence of furosemide treatment on fluid and electrolyte balance in horses
Authors: Freestone John F. , Carlson Gary P. , Harrold Doris R. , Church Gabie 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Alterations in electrolyte and acid-base balance were studied in 6 horses for 8 hours after furosemide administration (1 mg/kg of body weight, im), and the results were compared with those for 5 healthy untreated horses (controls) kept under identical environmental conditions. In the treated group, decreases in plasma potassium, chloride, and calcium concentrations and increases in total plasma protein content persisted for the 8-hour observation period, whereas there was no change in plasma sodium concentration, osmolality, or packed cell volume. Plasma bicarbonate concentration and Pco2 remained high throughout the study, during which time venous blood pH was modestly increased only at the 6-hour sampling time. Furosemide treatment resulted in decreases in urine pH, specific gravity, osmolality, and potassium and calcium concentrations and increases in urine volume and total urine sodium, chloride, and calcium excretion. Body weight decreased 19.2 ± 5.2 kg (mean ± sd) in treated horses (4 ± 1% of body weight), compared with a weight loss of 8 ± 2.1 kg in untreated horses (1.5 ± 0.4% of body weight) during the 8-hour experimental period. The increased fluid losses induced by the diuretic did not cause any obvious clinical signs in the horses. Pulse pressure, skin turgor, capillary refill time, and jugular distensibility remained unchanged throughout the experimental period.
In vitro susceptibility of canine tumor stem cells to doxorubicin
Authors: Macy Dennis W. , Ensley Beverly A. , Gillette Edward L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-four canine tumor specimens (13 sarcomas and 21 carcinomas) were grown in soft agar gel. Susceptibility after continuous exposure to doxorubicin at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μg/ml was compared with that of control cultures. Plating efficiency averaged 0.096%. Doxorubicin at a concentration of 1 μg/ml was found to result in > 70% inhibition of colony formation in 3 of 13 sarcomas and 1 of 21 carcinomas tested, and > 50%, but < 70%, inhibition in 3 carcinomas and 1 sarcoma. Twenty-six tumors had < 50% reduction in colony formation and were considered resistant. Minor differences in responses to drug in primary and metastatic locations were observed and attributed to tumor heterogeneity and test variability.
Experimentally induced bluetongue virus infection in white-tailed deer: Ultrastructural findings
Authors: Howerth E. W. , Tyler D. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were inoculated with bluetongue virus serotype 17 and sequentially euthanatized during infection. Ultrastructural changes in the microvasculature of tongue, buccal mucosa, heart, and pulmonary artery, platelets, and bone marrow were evaluated.
Bluetongue virus was found in endothelial cells of the microvasculature by postinoculation day 4. Viral replication was associated with the development of viral matrices, viral-associated macrotubules, and aggregates of mature viral particles in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Viral infection of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells developed subsequent to endothelial cell infection.
Viral infection was associated with striking changes in the endothelial lining of the microvasculature by post-inoculation day 4. Endothelial cell degeneration and necrosis, which resulted in denudation of the endothelial lining, and endothelial cell hypertrophy frequently were observed. Thrombosis, hemorrhage, and vessel rupture developed subsequent to endothelial damage. Bluetongue virus neither infected nor directly damaged platelets or bone marrow cells.
It was concluded that viral-induced endothelial damage is the primary triggering mechanism for disseminated intravascular coagulation in bluetongue virus infection. Vascular damage coupled with the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation is responsible for the hemorrhagic diathesis, which is characteristic of bluetongue virus infection in white-tailed deer.
Oxfendazole: Activity of a two-dose treatment regimen on natural infections of internal parasites of equids, with emphasis on migrating large strongyles in controlled tests in 1986 and 1987
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Tolliver S. C. , Drudge J. H. , Swerczek T. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oxfendazole paste formulation was administered intraorally at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight, twice (48 hours between treatments) in 5 controlled tests (experiments A, B, C, D, and E) to 18 equids (14 horses and 4 ponies) that were 5 to 24 months old in 1986 and 1987. Activity was evaluated against naturally acquired infections of various internal parasites, with emphasis on migratory stages of Strongylus vulgaris and S edentatus. The number of treated and nontreated equids in each experiment (horses in experiments A to D and ponies in experiment E) was: A, 1 and 1; B, 3 and 3; C, 3 and 1; D, 1 and 1; and E, 2 and 2, respectively. At 28 to 39 days after the first dose of the 2-dose treatment regimen, the equids were euthanatized and examined for several species of internal parasites.
On the basis of the number of specimens at necropsy, excellent activity was found against migrating (retroperitoneal) S edentatus. In the aggregate for the 5 experiments, 41 live specimens of S edentatus were recovered from 10 treated equids, compared with 810 live specimens from the 8 nontreated equids, reflecting a difference of 95%. Several dead S edentatus were found in 8 treated equids. Three to 82 semihard nodules, which we believed were S edentatus-related lesions, were found in treated horses; only soft, seroedematous lesions, typical of S edentatus infection, were found in nontreated equids.
In the cranial mesenteric arteries, activity for migrating S vulgaris was good overall. In the aggregate for the 5 experiments, 71 live S vulgaris organisms were recovered from the cranial mesenteric arteries of the 10 treated equids, compared with 1,136 from the 8 non-treated equids, reflecting a difference of 94%. A few dead organisms were found in 3 treated equids. Arterial lesions were generally less severe in treated than in non-treated equids, and resolution of the lesions was evident in the treated equids.
Excellent activity was recorded against intestinal stages of Parascaris equorum, S vulgaris, and Oxyuris equi. Oxfendazole appeared to have some effect on eyeworms (Thelazia lacrymalis), although generally low numbers were found in nontreated equids.
Toxicosis was not evident in any of the treated equids.
Correlation between B-cell mitogenicity and immunosuppessor effects of a protein released by porcine monocytes infected with African swine fever virus
Authors: Arala-Chaves Mário Passalaqua , dos Santos Ribeiro Adilia , Vilanova Manuel , Porto Maria Teresa , Santarem Manuel G. , Lima Margarida 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Virus-free supernatants of cultured swine monocytes infected by African swine fever virus (asfv) suppressed in vitro proliferation of porcine and human blood mononuclear cells in response to phytohemagglutinin and the in vivo primary immune response of C57BL/6 mice against sheep rbc. The supernatants were fractionated by discontinuous ion-exchange chromatography and subfractionated by double-step preparative isoelectric focusing. The pool of the most purified active subfractions (F5′EP-asfv) is made up of heat-unstable material, can be stained by silver nitrate, and has an isoelectric point of 3.88, a maximal optical density at 280 nm, and a mass of 36,000 daltons. In vivo kinetic studies in nonimmunized C57BL/ 6 mice were performed on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after injection with 50 μg of F5′EP-asfv protein. Compared with the untreated mice, the treated mice had a noticeable increase in nonspecific immunoglobulin-secreting splenic plaque-forming cells (pfc) with the following isotype profile: IgG2a > IgG2b > IgG3 > IgGl ≃ IgM. Three days after treatment with the active material, specific IgM pfc against sheep rbc increased up to 23-fold. In C57BL/6 mice immunized against sheep rbc 2 days after treatment with F5′EP-asfv, the increase in nonspecific pfc was followed by a suppression of specific pfc response in the respective isotype. When C57BL/6 mice were treated after priming with sheep rbc, however, there was little or no suppression of specific pfc and the increase in nonspecific pfc was considerably lower than that in the other FS′EP-asfv-treated mice. In this case, kinetic curves of specific vs nonspecific pfc of each isotype were mirror images. Mice treated with 200 μg of F5′EP-asfv protein died with hemorrhagic diastasis.
Prognostic index for acute abdominal crisis (colic) in horses
Authors: Orsini J. A. , Elser A. H. , Galligan D. T. , Donawick W. J. , Kronfeld D. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Selected physical and laboratory findings in 29 horses with acute abdominal crisis were evaluated retrospectively with a logistic regression equation to predict survival or death. Of 17 variables examined, 2 were found to have good predictive correlation. Serum lactate and packed cell volume had a combined predictive value of 94%. Packed cell volume mean values of 43 and 50%, respectively, differentiated survival from death. Serum lactate values of 28.18 mg/dl and 51.28 mg/dl differentiated survival and death.
Analysis of data from a previous study of 36 horses with the logistic regression equation predicted survival rate of 96% accuracy, further substantiating the statistical model.
Effects of milbemycin on adult Toxocara canis in dogs with experimentally induced infection
Authors: Bowman Dwight D. , Parsons James C. , Grieve Robert B. , Hepler Douglas I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To determine the efficacy of a formulation of milbemycins in treating patent infection with Toxocara canis, 8 male and 7 female, 10-week-old, ascarid-free Beagles each were given 125 embryonated eggs of T canis. All dogs developed patent infection within 56 days. On postinfection day 70, the dogs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups of 5 dogs each; members of 1 group were given a placebo, while dogs of the other 2 groups were given either 5.68 or 34.08 mg of the milbemycin formulation, respectively. In both groups of dogs given the drug, the number of eggs passed per gram of feces decreased precipitously. However, a few eggs still were found in the feces of several dogs of each group on the day of necropsy (postinfection day 75). Worms or fragments of worms were passed by the treated dogs from the day of treatment until the day on which necropsy was performed; however, most worms were passed during the first 2 days after treatment. At necropsy, only dogs of the control group were found to harbor adult T canis.
Distribution of Brucella abortus organisms in calves after conjunctival exposure
Authors: Meador V. P. , Warner D. P. , Deyoe B. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty calves (3 to 4 months old) were exposed conjunctivally to a pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus. Calves were euthanatized and necropsied at postexposure hours 2 and 4, and at postexposure days (ped) 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 42, and 49. Selected ocular, pharyngeal, and lymphoid tissues were cultured bacteriologically for brucellae to determine organism distribution. Brucella abortus organisms initially localized in the third eyelids, bulbar conjunctivae, and parotid lymph nodes and were detected in these structures until ped 42, 21, and 49 respectively. In calves euthanatized at ped 7, organisms were in other cranial lymph nodes (mandibular and retropharyngeal), and in calves euthanatized at ped 21, organisms were isolated from peripheral lymphoid tissues. Brucellae were not isolated from mesenteric and bronchial lymph nodes and from the spleen until ped 21. The pattern of isolation indicated that conjunctival exposure probably resulted in entrance of brucellae into the host via ocular tissues.
In vitro susceptibility of bacteria to a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination
Authors: Sparks Susan E. , Jones Robert L. , Kilgore W. Randal 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In vitro testing of bacterial susceptibility to a combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid was done, using 406 aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative isolates (considered to be pathogens) cultured from equine and small animal specimens.
A microdilution broth technique of susceptibility testing was performed, using trays with wells containing a range of doubling concentrations of dehydrated ticarcillin (range, 0.50 to 128 μg/ml) with fixed concentration of clavulanic acid (4 μg/ml).
The following isolates of equine origin were (90%) susceptible to concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid combinations of ≤ 16 and 4 μg/ml, respectively: Staphylococcus aureus, S intermedius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Ent agglomerans, Ent cloacae, Escherichia coli, Actinobacillus sp, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Rhodococcus equi, Proteus vulgaris, and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Isolates of small animal origin (90%) susceptible to ≤ 16 and 4 μg of ticarcillin-clavulanic/ml included S aureus, S intermedius, Ent aerogenes, Ent agglomerans, Pasteurella multocida, B bronchiseptica, Pr mirabilis, and Serratia sp.