bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus reuteri
DSM 20016 Produces Cobalamin-Dependent Diol Dehydratase in Metabolosomes and Metabolizes 1,2-Propanediol by Disproportionation
Authors: Sriramulu Dinesh Diraviam , Liang Mingzhi , Hernandez-Romero Diana , Raux-Deery Evelyne , Lünsdorf Heinrich , Parsons Joshua B. , Warren Martin J. , Prentice Michael B. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

A
Lactobacillus reuteri
strain isolated from sourdough is known to produce the vitamin cobalamin. The organism requires this for glycerol cofermentation by a cobalamin-dependent enzyme, usually termed glycerol dehydratase, in the synthesis of the antimicrobial substance reuterin. We show that the cobalamin-synthesizing capacity of another
L. reuteri
strain (20016, the type strain, isolated from the human gut and recently sequenced as F275) is genetically and phenotypically linked, as in the
Enterobacteriaceae
, to the production of a cobalamin-dependent enzyme which is associated with a bacterial microcompartment (metabolosome) and known as diol dehydratase. We show that this enzyme allows
L. reuteri
to carry out a disproportionation reaction converting 1,2-propanediol to propionate and propanol. The wide distribution of this operon suggests that it is adapted to horizontal transmission between bacteria. However, there are significant genetic and phenotypic differences between the
Lactobacillus
background and the
Enterobacteriaceae
. Electron microscopy reveals that the bacterial microcompartment in
L. reuteri
occupies a smaller percentage of the cytoplasm than in gram-negative bacteria. DNA sequence data show evidence of a regulatory control mechanism different from that in gram-negative bacteria, with the presence of a catabolite-responsive element (CRE) sequence immediately upstream of the
pdu
operon encoding diol dehydratase and metabolosome structural genes in
L. reuteri
. The metabolosome-associated diol dehydratase we describe is the only candidate glycerol dehydratase present on inspection of the
L. reuteri
F275 genome sequence.
Bradynema listronoti n. sp. (Nematoda: Allantonematidae), a parasite of the carrot weevil Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Zeng Yongsan , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Ye Weimin , Bélair Guy , Boivin Guy , Thomas Kelley 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Bradynema listronoti n. sp. was collected from the haemocoel of adults and
the environment of the carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis in Quebec,
Canada. It is the first species of Bradynema to be reported from weevils and
is described and illustrated herein. Bradynema listronoti n. sp. appears to
be closest to B. trixagi because of the shared characteristic of a peloderan
bursa in males which is not present in the other seven described species in
the genus. Bradynema listronoti n. sp. can be differentiated from all
members of the genus by the possession of a degenerate, but sometimes
visible, stylet remnant, non-degenerate pharynx in males and by the often
dorsally-curved C-shaped body (ventral side is convex) of parasitic females.
The vestigial stylet in all stages argues for placement of B. listronoti n.
sp. within the genus Bradynema, but some characteristics, such as a
non-degenerate pharynx in males, suggest placement in a new genus or
affinities with other genera in the Allantonematidae, e.g., Allantonema.
Molecular analysis of the near full length SSU, D2/D3 expansion segments of
the large subunit (LSU) rDNA and partial mitochondrial DNA COI (mtCOI)
suggest that this nematode is unique and D2/D3 analysis supports monophyly
with B. rigidum, the only other member of the genus to be sequenced.
Studies on the effect of mycorrhization of potato roots on the hatching activity of potato root leachate towards the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis
Authors: Deliopoulos Thomas , Devine Ken J. , Haydock Patrick P.J. , Jones Peter W. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Successful mycorrhization of potato plants cv. Golden Wonder was achieved
with three commercial preparations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF):
Vaminoc (mixed-isolate inoculum) and two of its components, Glomus
intraradices and Glomus mosseae. Potato cyst nematode hatching assays were
conducted on the potato root leachate (PRL) produced by inoculated and
non-inoculated potato plants to examine the effect of AMF inoculation on the
hatching response of the two PCN species, Globodera rostochiensis and G.
pallida. The overall hatch response of G. rostochiensis to the potato root
leachate was greater than G. pallida. Root leachates from Vaminoc- and G.
mosseae-inoculated plants were found to stimulate the hatch of G. pallida in
the first 3 weeks after shoot emergence. Fractionation of root leachates
with standardised carbon content by Sephadex G-10 chromatography revealed
multiple AMF effects on hatching factor (HF) production. Root leachates from
Vaminoc-inoculated plants contained markedly more G. pallida-active HF than
all other treatments; by contrast, PRL from the three AMF treatments
exhibited little variation in the quantity of G. rostochiensis-active HF
produced. Several HF were PCN species-specific or species-selective, with
those resolved from the G. intraradices and G. mosseae PRL profiles
exhibiting an apparent preference for G. rostochiensis rather than G.
pallida. Mycorrhization also significantly increased the root dry weight of
plants.
Three new and one known species of the genus Enchodelus Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from India
Authors: Mushtaq Peerzada , Baniyamuddin Md. , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Three new and one known species of the genus Enchodelus are described and
illustrated from India. Enchodelus bongersi sp. n. has 1.3-1.7 mm long body;
lip region offset by constriction; amphid with duplex fovea; odontostyle
13.5-14.5 μm long; rod-like odontophore lacking basal swellings or flanges,
and conoid, ventrally curved, tail with finely rounded terminus. Enchodelus
tropicus sp. n. has 0.97-1.11 mm long body; lip region offset by depression;
amphids with duplex fovea; odontostyle 15-16 μm long; odontophore simple,
rod-like, lacking basal flanges; vagina with well developed pars refringens
and conoid, ventrally curved tail with finely rounded terminus. Enchodelus
meghalayensis sp. n. has 0.97-1.19 mm long body; lip region offset by
depression; amphids stirrup-shaped; odontostyle 12-13 μm long; odontophore
simple, rod-like, lacking basal flanges; pars refringens vaginae absent;
spicules 40-46 μm long; 4-6 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements and
conoid, ventrally curved tail with finely rounded terminus. Enchodelus
zonatus is redescribed together with the first report of its male.
Nematodes of the order Rhabditida from Tehran province, Iran. The family Panagrolaimidae with description of Halicephalobus persicus sp. n. and a key to species of Halicephalobus Timm, 1956
Authors: Shokoohi Ebrahim , Abolafia Joaquín , Zad Javad 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree species of the family Panagrolaimidae are described from mainly natural areas in Tehran province, Iran and a new species of the genus Halicephalobus is described and a key to species identification provided. Halicephalobus persicus sp. n. is characterised by a body length of 204-246 μm long in females, lateral field with two incisures, lip region with six flat, slightly separated, lips, pharynx with swollen bulb-shaped metacorpus, pharyngeal corpus 2.5-2.6 times isthmus length, female tail subcylindrical with fine mucro (40-53 μm; c = 4.4-5.2; c&#8242 = 6.9-12.3). Iranian populations of three other previously known species were studied, viz. Propanagrolaimus hygrophilus, Panagrolaimus dendroctoni and P. rigidus, all being reported from Iran for the first time. The species are described, measured and figured.
Meloidogyne ethiopica, a major root-knot nematode parasitising Vitis vinifera and other crops in Chile
Authors: Carneiro Regina M.D.G. , Almeida Maria Ritta A. , Cofcewicz Eliz T. , Magunacelaya Juan Carlos , Aballay Erwin 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Enzyme phenotypes, specifically esterases (EST) and malate dehydrogenase
(MDH), were used to characterise different species of Meloidogyne from
Chile. Esterase activity was highly polymorphic and was the most useful in
the identification of the different species. Using this enzyme it is
possible to characterise and identify M. ethiopica in about 80% of samples
on grapevine, kiwi and tomatoes. Another three species, M. javanica, M.
hapla and M. arenaria, were identified on tomatoes, kiwi and pomegranate
with only one or a few populations. It was possible to detect minor atypical
(unidentified) phenotypes, generally in mixed populations with M. ethiopica.
Only the profiles N1 and H1 of MDH were detected. N1 was not specific and H1
allowed identification of M. hapla. Contaminated nursery stock has probably
resulted in serious infestation by M. ethiopica in vineyards in various
localities in Chile.
Movement of the nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, in a structurally heterogeneous environment
Authors: Hapca Simona M. , Budha Prem , Crawford John W. , Young Iain M. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
We consider the effect of structural heterogeneity on the movement of the
slug-parasitic nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. The study involves
image recording and analysis of nematode movement on a homogeneous layer of
technical agar compared to movement of nematodes in a structurally
heterogeneous environment that was created by adding sand particles to the
plates of agar. Features of nematode trail, such as speed, turning angle
distribution, fractal dimension and mean square displacement, were
calculated for each treatment. The presence of sand particles significantly
reduced the speed of nematodes and affected the distribution of the turning
angle with an increased tendency for moving forward or radically changing
the direction of movement. Also, the power-law pattern of the mean square
displacement changed, suggesting that nematode dispersal capacity became
slower, from super-diffusive in homogeneous agar to sub-diffusive in the
presence of sand particles. Further, the correlation in step length and
turning angles was computed as a function of lags between steps and used to
identify memory effects on nematode movement. While in the homogeneous
environment movement was characterised by strong temporal correlations; the
impact of sand particles was to reduce these correlations between steps. The
results suggest that the presence of structural heterogeneity introduces a
new bias into the movement, which plays an important role in complex
environments where the nematode movement may be obstructed by soil
particles.
Polyphenoloxidase is induced by methyljasmonate and Meloidogyne javanica in soybean roots but is not involved in resistance
Authors: Shimizu Milton Massao , Mazzafera Paulo 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The role of the enzyme polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in the response of two soybean
varieties, Hartwig (resistant) and Cristalina (susceptible), to Meloidogyne
javanica was studied in plants where root systems were exposed to the known
PPO inducer, methyljasmonate. Chlorogenic acid was the best substrate for
root PPO. Treatment of both varieties with 100 and 400 μM methyljasmonate
solutions induced a similar increase in enzyme activity 72 h after
treatment. Inoculation of roots with second-stage juveniles (J2) induced PPO
increase in cv. Cristalina but not in cv. Hartwig. Moreover, combined
treatment of methyljasmonate and J2 inoculation enhanced PPO activity in
both varieties. Two PPO cDNAs were isolated from the roots of the resistant
variety 48 h after J2 inoculation, and Southern blot experiments in both
varieties, using GmPPOJH1 and GmPPOJH2 cDNAs as probes, indicated that PPOs
are represented by a multigene family in soybean. RT-PCR assays showed more
GmPPOJH1 transcripts in plants treated with methyljasmonate and infected
with nematodes, where high PPO activity was also observed. Plants treated
with methyljasmonate and infected with J2 showed a marked decrease of
nematode population 35 days after inoculation. These findings suggest that
methyljasmonate triggers a resistant response in soybean roots to M.
javanica but PPO is not involved in the resistance process.
Screening of edible soybean varieties for resistance to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, under field conditions
Authors: Adegbite Ayodele 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn spite of the economic potential of edible soybean, the crop is attacked by pests and diseases, including the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, which is the most troublesome plant-parasitic nematode in the tropics. Field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to assess the reaction of 34 varieties of soybean for resistance to natural infestation of M. incognita. Ten weeks after planting, ten randomly selected plants were observed for root galls and nodules. Plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight and yield were also recorded. Root galling varied significantly among soybean varieties. Root galling correlated negatively with number of pods and leaves; however, there was positive correlation between root gall and stem girth when all 34 varieties were considered. Of the 34 varieties, TGM 344, TGM 1784 and TGX 1448-2E were the most resistant with reproduction factors of 0.54, 0.56 and 0.54, respectively. Ten varieties exhibited tolerance, four were hyper-susceptible while the rest were susceptible to root-knot nematode.
Low temperature induces two growth-arrested stages and change of secondary metabolites in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Zhao Li Lin , Wei Wei , Kulhavy David L. , Zhang Xing Yao , Sun Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The third-stage dispersal juvenile (JIII) is the stage for survival and
dispersal in the winter of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus
xylophilus. Through investigations at different temperatures, we found two
kinds of growth-arrested development, including the adult longevity
extension and JIII formation induced by low temperature. They showed similar
characters: densely packed lipid droplets and extended longevity. We
considered that there were four stages in the formation of growth-arrested
stages: induction, growth-arrested pathway, growth-arrested development and
cold-tolerance duration. Moreover, at 4°C there were significant changes in
secondary metabolites, which may be related to signal communication and
metabolism associated with the formation of growth-arrested stages. The
results suggested that low temperature was necessary for the dispersal of
pine wood nematode and influenced distribution and intensity of pine
wilt.
Preparing Professionals to Serve English-Language Learners with Communication Disorders
Authors: Rosa-Lugo Linda I. , Fradd Sandra H. 
Published: May 2008

The diversity of the nation's school-age population is increasing rapidly. The challenge of assuring that all students have access to appropriate opportunities for literacy development and academic instruction requires comprehensive educational reform and collaboration among professionals at all levels and across disciplines. The power of collaboration lies in the capacity and willingness of individual professionals to develop their own areas of expertise as well as to merge skills to develop cadres of personnel who can collaborate in promoting student achieve ment. This article discusses both the challenges and opportunities the nation faces in attaining educational equity through the preparation of cadres of professionals to meet the educational needs of English-language learners with communication disorders. When 7-year-old Brian arrived from Puerto Rico, I noticed that he didn't participate with the other students in my first-grade class. Most of the time he was quiet. Because I thought he was just beginning to learn English, I wasn't initially concerned. Although he was receiving English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) for 2 hours a day, he wasn't making progress in English, and I became concerned. I discussed the difficulties with his mother, and we decided to refer him for assessment. After testing, the speech-language pathologist reported that Brian had language delays and articulation errors in Spanish and that he was expe riencing similar difficulties in English. In addition to continuing ESOL, speech-language services in English and Spanish were recommended. As Brian's teacher, I want to be part of the "team" to help Brian become a successful student, but I don't know what to do. I've never had a student like Brian before. (teacher interview)
Coactivator function of RIP140 for NFκB/RelA-dependent cytokine gene expression
Authors: Zschiedrich Inka , Hardeland Ulrike , Krones-Herzig Anja , Berriel Diaz Mauricio , Vegiopoulos Alexandros , Müggenburg Johannes , Sombroek Dirk , Hofmann Thomas G. , Zawatzky Rainer , Yu Xiaolei , Gretz Norbert , Christian Mark , White Roger , Parker Malcolm G. , Herzig Stephan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInflammatory responses represent a hallmark of numerous pathologies including sepsis, bacterial infection, insulin resistance, and malign obesity. Here we describe an unexpected coactivator function for the nuclear receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) for nuclear factor κB (NFκB), a master transcriptional regulator of inflammation in multiple tissues. Previous work has shown that RIP140 suppresses the expression of metabolic gene networks, but we have found that genetic as well as acute deficiency of RIP140 leads to the inhibition of the proinflammatory program in macrophages. The ability of RIP140 to function as a coactivator for cytokine gene promoter activity relies on direct protein-protein interactions with the NFκB subunit RelA and histone acetylase cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP). RIP140-dependent control of proinflammatory gene expression via RelA/CBP may, therefore, represent a molecular rational for the cellular integration of metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
Dynamics of factor VIII interactions determine its immunologic fate in hemophilia A
Authors: Lacroix-Desmazes Sébastien , Navarrete Ana-Maria , André Sébastien , Bayry Jagadeesh , Kaveri Srinivas V. , Dasgupta Suryasarathi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractProcoagulant factor VIII (FVIII) is either produced endogenously under physiologic conditions, or administered exogenously as a therapeutic hemostatic drug in patients with hemophilia A. In the circulation, FVIII interacts with a multitude of glycoproteins, and may be used for coagulation at the sites of bleeding, eliminated by scavenger cells, or processed by the immune system, either as a self-constituent or as a foreign antigen. The fate of FVIII is dictated by the immune status of the individual, the location of FVIII in the body at a given time point, and the inflammatory microenvironment. It also depends on the local concentration of FVIII and of each interacting partner, and on the affinity of the respective interactions. FVIII, by virtue of its promiscuity, thus constitutes the core of a dynamic network that links the coagulation cascade, cells of the immune system, and, presumably, the inflammatory compartment. We describe the different interactions that FVIII is prone to establish during its life cycle, with a special focus on players of the innate and adaptive immune response. Lessons can be learned from understanding the dynamics of FVIII interactions—lessons that should pave the way to the conception of long-lasting hemostatic drugs devoid of iatrogenic immunogenicity.
Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the Phylum Cnidaria
Authors: Evans Nathaniel M , Lindner Alberto , Raikova Ekaterina V , Collins Allen G , Cartwright Paulyn 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background

Polypodium hydriforme is a parasite with an unusual life cycle and peculiar morphology, both of which have made its systematic position uncertain. Polypodium has traditionally been considered a cnidarian because it possesses nematocysts, the stinging structures characteristic of this phylum. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies using 18S rDNA sequence data have challenged this interpretation, and have shown that Polypodium is a close relative to myxozoans and together they share a closer affinity to bilaterians than cnidarians. Due to the variable rates of 18S rDNA sequences, these results have been suggested to be an artifact of long-branch attraction (LBA). A recent study, using multiple protein coding markers, shows that the myxozoan Buddenbrockia, is nested within cnidarians. Polypodium was not included in this study. To further investigate the phylogenetic placement of Polypodium, we have performed phylogenetic analyses of metazoans with 18S and partial 28S rDNA sequences in a large dataset that includes Polypodium and a comprehensive sampling of cnidarian taxa.

Results
Analyses of a combined dataset of 18S and partial 28S sequences, and partial 28S alone, support the placement of Polypodium within Cnidaria. Removal of the long-branched myxozoans from the 18S dataset also results in Polypodium being nested within Cnidaria. These results suggest that previous reports showing that Polypodium and Myxozoa form a sister group to Bilateria were an artifact of long-branch attraction.

Conclusion
By including 28S rDNA sequences and a comprehensive sampling of cnidarian taxa, we demonstrate that previously conflicting hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic placement of Polypodium can be reconciled. Specifically, the data presented provide evidence that Polypodium is indeed a cnidarian and is either the sister taxon to Hydrozoa, or part of the hydrozoan clade, Leptothecata. The former hypothesis is consistent with the traditional view that Polypodium should be placed in its own cnidarian class, Polypodiozoa.
Genomic and bioinformatics analysis of human adenovirus type 37: New insights into corneal tropism
Authors: Robinson Christopher M , Shariati Fatemeh , Gillaspy Allison F , Dyer David W , Chodosh James 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Human adenovirus type 37 (HAdV-37) is a major etiologic agent of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, a common and severe eye infection associated with long-term visual morbidity due to persistent corneal inflammation. While HAdV-37 has been known for over 20 years as an important cause, the complete genome sequence of this serotype has yet to be reported. A detailed bioinformatics analysis of the genome sequence of HAdV-37 is extremely important to understanding its unique pathogenicity in the eye.

Results
We sequenced and annotated the complete genome of HAdV-37, and performed genomic and bioinformatics comparisons with other HAdVs to identify differences that might underlie the unique corneal tropism of HAdV-37. Global pairwise genome alignment with HAdV-9, a human species D adenovirus not associated with corneal infection, revealed areas of non-conserved sequence principally in genes for the virus fiber (site of host cell binding), penton (host cell internalization signal), hexon (principal viral capsid structural protein), and E3 (site of several genes that mediate evasion of the host immune system). Phylogenetic analysis revealed close similarities between predicted proteins from HAdV-37 of species D and HAdVs from species B and E. However, virtual 2D gel analyses of predicted viral proteins uncovered unexpected differences in pI and/or size of specific proteins thought to be highly similar by phylogenetics.

Conclusion
This genomic and bioinformatics analysis of the HAdV-37 genome provides a valuable tool for understanding the corneal tropism of this clinically important virus. Although disparities between HAdV-37 and other HAdV within species D in genes encoding structural and host receptor-binding proteins were to some extent expected, differences in the E3 region suggest as yet unknown roles for this area of the genome. The whole genome comparisons and virtual 2D gel analyses reported herein suggest potent areas for future studies.