bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STIMULATION OF ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE AND NUCLEAR RNA POLYMERASE ACTIVITY IN RAT LIVER BY GLUCAGON AND DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC AMP
Authors: Hölttä E. , Raina A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic 3′,5′-AMP on ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) and nuclear RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) activity of rat liver was studied.
Intraperitoneal administration of 0.2 mg of glucagon per 100 g body weight resulted in a four- to six-fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity. This enzyme activity was also markedly increased by a single ip injection containing 2.5–5 mg of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The time course of this effect demonstrated a maximum at 3–4 h. Both agents also stimulated nuclear RNA polymerase activity. The increase in hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity by dibutyryl cyclic AMP was not abolished by adrenalectomy but was totally prevented by the administration of actinomycin D, α-amanitin and cycloheximide, which suggests that the increase in activity represents synthesis de novo of the enzyme. A sharp rise in liver ornithine decarboxylase activity was also observed after administration of theophylline, whereas no change in enzyme activity was found after the administration of adenosine or adenosine 5′-nucleotides.
EFFECT OF THYROXINE AND GROWTH HORMONE ON LONGITUDINAL BONE GROWTH IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Thorngren K.-G. , Hansson L. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of L-thyroxine and bovine growth hormone (NIH-GH-B16) on the growth in length from the proximal growth plate of the tibia in hypophysectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats was studied by the tetracycline method. The width of the growth plate was also determined, and the weight of the body and heart was registered. Completeness of the hypophysectomy was determined microscopically.
Daily sc injections of 5, 10, 20 or 40 μg/kg L-thyroxine alone, or in combination with 25 or 100 μg NIH-GH-B16, were given for 20 days, starting 15 days after hypophysectomy which was performed when the rats were 60 days of age. Thyroxine alone resulted in stimulation of the longitudinal bone growth with an optimum effect at 10–20 μg/kg. Further increase of the thyroxine dose did not increase the bone growth. Thyroxine given in association with growth hormone had a higher growing promoting effect than thyroxine or growth hormone alone. The growth stimulation of the two hormones was also significantly higher than the expected additive effect, indicating a potentiating synergism. When thyroxine and growth hormone were given in combination, the longitudinal bone growth reached an optimum for almost the same dose (20 μg/kg) of thyroxine as when it was given alone. At this optimum dose of thyroxine, the dose of growth hormone determined the longitudinal bone growth.
The width of the growth plate was not influenced by thyroxine administration. The body weight decreased somewhat when thyroxine was given alone, and the combination with growth hormone seemed to compensate for this weight loss. The heart weight was found to increase with increasing doses of thyroxine both when given alone and in association with growth hormone.
EVIDENCE FOR AN ENZYMIC COMPONENT IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS CAPABLE OF INACTIVATING LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR (LRF)
Authors: Griffiths E. C. , Hooper K. C. , Hopkinson C. R. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It is known that the hypothalamus contains peptidases capable of inactivating oxytocin, that the activity of these enzymes is inversely related to luteinizing hormone (LH) release and that they might be involved in luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) metabolism (Griffiths & Hooper 1973b). To more fully determine the peptidases' function, synthetic LRF was incubated with the supernatant hypothalamic fraction containing the peptidases' activity. Using two different assay systems, it was found that the LRF was inactivated after incubation with the fraction. This preliminary evidence suggests that an enzymic component is present in the rat hypothalamus, which is capable of inactivating LRF.
URINARY GONADOTROPHINS FOLLOWING CASTRATION OF MEN
Authors: Christiansen Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of total hypophyseal gonadotrophins (HG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was studied in 13 castrated men aged 23 to 56 years, mean 38.8 years. All the men were castrated for legal reasons. The time from castration to the investigation varied from 4 weeks to 24 years. Four of the subjects were studied from the time before surgery until 4 weeks after castration. The mean excretion of HG, FSH and LH was statistically significantly higher than that of normal men of the same age i. e. by 8, 9 and 3 times higher respectively. The FSH/LH ratio was in the mean 2.8. Following orchiectomy FSH rose more rapidly and to a higher level than LH. The maximal level of FSH was reached within 1–2 weeks after castration in contrast to LH which did not consistently reach the maximal level within 4 weeks. This difference in FSH and LH levels after castration supports the concept that FSH and LH are regulated independently in man.
SERUM THYROTROPHIN RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE AND THE CONCENTRATION OF FREE THYROXINE IN SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Gordin A. , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fourteen patients with subacute thyroiditis were studied. In the acute stage 6 were overtly and 2 equivocally hyperthyroid. Total thyroxine (T4) or protein-bound iodine (PBI) was elevated in 10 patients out of 14 and absolute free thyroxine (AFT4) in 10 out of 13 cases. The serum thyrotrophin (TSH) values ranged from 1.3 to 7.9 μU/ml, all but one being below 4.0 μU/ml (normal range 1.6–6.9 μU/ml). There was no response in serum TSH to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in 9 subjects tested in the acute stage, irrespective of whether they were clinically hyperthyroid or euthyroid. This indicates that in the acute stage of subacute thyroiditis the thyroid hormone level is increased sufficiently to inhibit TSH release. In 8 patients the TRH stimulation test was carried out serially at 2 to 3 monthly intervals but in 5 only after 2 to 6 months. In a few patients the serum TSH level rose above the normal upper limit. The response to TRH became normal within 2 to 5 months but in one patient only after a period of exaggerated response indicative of temporary subclinical hypothyroidism. In one patient the response was still exaggerated one year after the acute phase, indicating that normalization of the thyroid-pituitary relationship may be a very slow process.
STEROIDS IN NEWBORNS AND INFANTS
Authors: Shackleton C. H. L. , Gustafsson J.-Å. , Mitchell F. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary steroids from infants one to nine months of age have been analysed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Open tubular capillary columns were used for the gas chromatographic analyses. These greatly improved the resolution of steroid methyloxime-trimethylsilyl ethers over that obtained with packed columns.
The major 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 steroids found in the younger infants were 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 3β,17β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-16-one, 5-androstene-3β,16α,17β-triol and 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. In the older infants 5-pregnene-3β,20α-diol and 5-pregnene-3β,20β-diol were the predominant 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 steroids. However, there was a general decrease in the amount of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 steroids excreted relative to the total steroid excretion.
Cortisol metabolites were found in urine from infants of all ages. The principal metabolite was tetrahydrocortisone the excretion of which varied between 100 and 700 μg/24 h. 5β-pregnane-3α,l7α,20α-triol (pregnanetriol) was assayed in each urine sample but only became quantitatively significant after the fourth month of life (20-120 μg/24 h in the later samples).
TESTOSTERONE AND DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FLUID MILIEU OF SPERMATOZOA IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF THE BULL
Authors: Ganjam Venkataseshu K. , Amann Rupert P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Total 17β-hydroxyandrogen concentrations were determined using a competitive protein binding assay, for bovine reproductive fluids. Rete testis fluid and cauda epididymal plasma were separated from the spermcontaining fluids obtained through cannulae from conscious bulls. Al-through the concentration of total 17β-hydroxyandrogens in rete testis fluid was similar (P > 0.05) to that in cauda epididymal plasma (25 and 19 ng/ml), both fluids contained higher (P < 0.01) androgen concentrations than seminal plasma, accessory sex gland fluid or serum from peripheral blood (3–5 ng/ml). However, since the amount of cauda epididymal plasma recovered was much less than for rete testis fluid (0.25 vs 35 ml/day), cauda epididymal plasma contained less than 1 % of the total 17β-hydroxyandrogens which entered the epididymis in rete testis fluid (5 vs 883 ng/day).
Testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone were isolated from the reproductive fluids by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and quantified by a simple, specific and highly sensitive microassay. Dihydrotestosterone was found only in cauda epididymal plasma (14 ng/ml); identification of the isolated compound was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Dihydrotestosterone accounted for 52% of the 17β-hydroxyandrogens in cauda epididymal plasma while 23 % was testosterone. Testosterone represented 70 % of the 17β-hydroxyandrogens in rete testis fluid and 91 % of those in blood serum. Physiological implications of this shift in androgen balance are discussed.
HEXOSAMINE AND HEPARIN IN HOMOGENATE AND SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS FROM BOVINE NEUROHYPOPHYSES
Authors: Hvas Susanne , Thorn N. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of hexosamine in a purified secretory granule fraction from ox neurohypophyses was 29 ± 3 (sem) μg/mg protein. This was significantly higher than the concentration in homogenate of whole neurohypophyses and the frontal cortex of ox brain.
The hexosamine concentration in two lipoprotein fractions isolated from secretory granules was comparable to the concentration found in the granule fraction.
The only glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in detectable concentration in a homogenate from ox neurohypophyses was heparin. In the purified neurosecretory granule fraction no GAG was detectable.
COMPARISON OF GROWTH ACCELERATION OF PITUITARY DWARFS TREATED WITH ANABOLIC STEROID AND THYROID HORMONE WITH NORMAL GROWTH SPURT
Authors: Harada Y. , Okada Y. , Hikita T. , Ninomiya T. , Ishihara Y. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty six patients with pituitary dwarfism and 21 patients with delayed adolescence were treated by the administration of desiccated thyroid and an anabolic steroid, and their effectiveness in producing an increase in growth rate was compared in the two groups and also with the growth spurt of normal adolescents. The mean growth rate of patients with pituitary dwarfism was less than 3.4 cm per year at any chronological age before treatment, and increased to 8.93 ± 0.40, 6.37 ± 2.47 and 5.13 ± 1.67 cm per year in the first, second and third year of treatment with a total increment of 21.0 ± 4.58. This compared with a 3 year increment in 12 treated delayed adolescence of 25.8 ±4.1 and the 3 year puberty growth spurt in 33 normal male adolescents of 22.2 ± 2.25. The final height of these dwarfs is not known since they are still under treatment and still growing. When the patients with pituitary dwarfism were divided into two groups, i. e. one in which the HGH in serum could be detected and the others in which the HGH could not be detected at any time, the height increment for the period of 3 year's treatment seemed to be greater in the HGH detectable group than in the undetectable group. These data suggest that a small amount of basic HGH secretion may play an enhancing role in the activity of anabolic steroid and thyroid hormones.
PARADOXICAL RESPONSE OF PLASMA CORTISOL TO PULSE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF SYNTHETIC CORTICOTROPHIN AND DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE IN ADULT PANHYPOPITUITARISM
Authors: Angeli Alberto , Frajria Roberto , Boccuzzi Giuseppe , Bisbocci Daniela , Ceresa Franco 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
250 μg of synthetic β-1-24 corticotrophin and 10 mg/kg of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Db-cAMP) were iv pulse injected into six patients with adult panhypopituitarism. The plasma cortisol levels were determined as 11-OHCS at zero time and then at 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 180 min after the injection. The data were compared with those obtained under the same experimental conditions in groups of normal subjects. A paradoxical pattern of early plasma cortisol response after the two stimuli was found in the case of hypopituitarism in comparison with that observed in normal subjects, that is a higher response after Db-cAMP than after corticotrophin. This was dependent on a selective impairment of adrenal steroidogenic response to iv injection of corticotrophin, whereas the response to iv injection of Db-cAMP was normal. Moreover in hypopituitaric patients the time course of cortisol response after ACTH was clearly different from the normal. The plasma 11-OHCS levels never showed an early peak followed by a fall and a second subsequent rise but rose progressively after the injection to a plateau between 15 and 180 min. By contrast, after Db-cAMP the time course of the response was also similar to that observed in normal subjects. It is suggested that after chronic failure of ACTH the reduced cortisol response to iv acute administration of corticotrophin may also depend on a defect localized before the synthesis of intracellular cyclic AMP, i. e. in the binding between ACTH and the specific cell membrane bound receptor and/or in the inactivation of the membrane associated adenyl cyclase.
ON THE MECHANISM OF GOITRE FORMATION DURING LITHIUM TREATMENT IN THE RAT
Authors: Leppäluoto J. , Männistö P. T. , Virkkunen P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the first experiment Sprague-Dawley rats were given antithyroid drugs i. e. perchlorate (KClO4), carbimazole (CI) and potassium iodide (KI) for 4 weeks, either alone or in combination with lithium (Li) (5 mEq./l) for the last 2 weeks. In combination with CI or KI, Li aggravated the goitre and decreased the synthesis of T3 + T4, as measured by chromatography. The weights of the adenohypophyses increased and those of the adrenals decreased in all the experimental groups.
In the second experiment, Li (10 mEq./l) was administered to euthyroid rats for 4, 10 or 20 weeks. The metabolic effects of Li reached a peak at 4 weeks, giving a decreased T3 + T4, a decreased plasma PBI level and an increased plasma bioassayable (McKenzie) TSH level. A definite goitre did not develop until 20 weeks.
In the third experiment the disappearance of thyroidal 131I was shown to be delayed in rats treated for 2 weeks with Li or T4 but was accelerated in those rats receiving CI.
It is concluded that 1) Li accentuates the antithyroid and goitrogenic potency of antithyroid drugs, 2) Li itself is a mild antithyroid and goitrogenic agent, which exerts its effect by inhibiting the coupling reaction of iodotyrosines and 3) that Li also retards the secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
A COMPARATIVE HISTOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE NORMAL, CASTRATED AND TESTOSTERONE-TREATED LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF RODENTS
Authors: Chinoy N. J. , Sheth K. M. , Shah V. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparative histophysiological study on the levator ani of intact, castrated and testosterone-treated castrated guinea pigs and rats was carried out. On the basis of histochemical and biochemical data it was shown that some dehydrogenases and alkaline and acid phosphatases of this muscle in both animals were androgen-dependent to a varying degree. The androgen-dependent effect is manifested by the levator ani irrespective of its fibre types.
THE TREATMENT OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY WITH CYPROTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Rager K. , Huenges R. , Gupta D. , Bierich J. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nine patients (8 girls and 1 boy) suffering from precocious puberty received daily 100 mg/m2 cyproterone acetate orally. This treatment inhibited the vaginal bleeding; breast-size and the axillary hair and pubic hair did not further increase. The height increment per year and the bone maturation slowed down. The urinary excretion of androgens was temporarily diminished. It is probable that the growth prognosis could be improved by the administration of cyproterone acetate.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PINEAL GLAND, OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF SINGLE AND PARABIOSED GOLDEN HAMSTERS
Authors: Seibel Hugo R. , Schweisthal Michael R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Investigations on the role of the pineal body have recently assigned an endocrine function to this gland. Ablation of the gland results in an increase in testicular weight. Bilateral enucleation of the eyes results in pineal hypertrophy and gonadal atrophy. The following experimental groups were studied in the adult male and female: (1) controls; (2) pinealectomized; (3) bilaterally enucleated; (4) bilaterally enucleated pinealectomized; (5) bilaterally enucleated sham pinealectomized. The following groups were studied in parabiosed animals: (1) both animals normal; (2) both animals bilaterally enucleated; (3) both animals bilaterally enucleated and pinealectomized; (4) one animal bilaterally enucleated and the other normal; (5) one animal bilaterally enucleated and pinealectomized and the other normal.
Animals were killed from 4 to 6 weeks after the start of the experiment. Weights of the testes, seminal vesicles, adrenals, pituitary, uteri and ovaries served as parameters. Histological studies on these tissues were carried out. With regard to the target organs, sham operated did not differ from normal animals. Bilateral enucleation resulted in gonadal and accessory sex organ atrophy. These effects were prevented by pinealectomy. Pinealectomy of blinded single males with atrophic gonads was followed by a regeneration of the testicular epithelium within 6 to 8 weeks. After parabiotic union in groups (2) and (5), a decrease in testicular and seminal vesicle weight was observed; uterine and ovarian weights were decreased in group (2), while in group (5) only ovarian weight was decreased. These results suggest that bilateral enucleation (darkness) activates the pineal gland to secrete a substance(s) which modifies the hypophyseal target organ axis in both single and parabiotic animals.
SOMATOTROPHIC AND CORTICOTROPHIC FUNCTIONS IN PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM BEFORE AND AFTER THYROXINE TREATMENT
Authors: Minozzi M. , Faggiano M. , Lombardi G. , Carella C. , Criscuolo T. , Oliver Ch. , Vague Ph. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 12 patients with primary hypothyroidism the somatotrophic and corticotrophic functions were evaluated before and after thyroxine treatment.
The results confirm a significant decrease, reversible by treatment, of plasma HGH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and to arginine infusion. Moreover, the results indicate that the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary function may also involve the response of plasma ACTH after provocative tests (insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and metyrapone). It must be stressed that the impairment of the corticotrophic function can be revealed only when the responses to provocative tests are evaluated by a direct assay of plasma ACTH and not by plasma corticosteroid modifications. These different responses may account for the conflicting results obtained by other investigators and may be justified by the multiple interference of the thyroid deficiency with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis at different levels.
EFFECTS OF STEROID SUPPRESSION AND GONADECTOMY ON ADRENAL 5α-REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND CORTICOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN RATS
Authors: Colby Howard D. , Witorsch Raphael J. , Caffrey James L. , Kitay Julian I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were conducted to further examine the interaction between gonadal hormones and ACTH in the regulation of adrenocortical function. Gonadectomy for a period of two weeks in pre-puberal rats of either sex or in adults for one week, was without effect on adrenal 5α-reductase activity and corticosterone production in vitro. Cortisone administration to intact rats, both before and after puberty, suppressed corticosterone and total steroid production and increased adrenal reductase activity. Ovariectomy in immature or adult females did not modify the effects of cortisone on adrenal function. Orchiectomy, both before and after puberty, synergistically enhanced the actions of cortisone to increase 5α-reductase activity and lower corticosterone production without affecting total steroid output. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that gonadal hormones interact with ACTH in the control of adrenocortical function. Adrenal 5α-reductase seems to be a common site of action for the effects.
BINDING OF 3H-OESTRADIOL WITH RECEPTORS IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM AND MYOMETRIUM
Authors: Krishnan A. R. , Hingorani V. , Laumas K. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vivo and in vitro binding of 3H-oestradiol-17β to cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of the human endometrium and myometrium was demonstrated by different techniques. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of the endometrial cytoplasm showed that oestradiol binds with two specific proteins sedimenting at 8.5 S and 5.1 S. Myometrial cytoplasmic oestrogen binding protein (OeBP) had a sedimentation coefficient of 5.1 S. Nuclear OeBP in the endometrium and myometrium had the same sedimentation value of 4.2 S. The endometrial cytoplasmic OeBP separated by gel chromatography showed association with both oestradiol and oestrone in the ratio of 2:1. The OeBP in nuclear fraction of the endometrium and myometrium showed binding with oestradiol and oestrone in the ratio of 2.5:1 and 2:1 respectively. The association of oestrone along with oestradiol with receptors of the endometrial and myometrial nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions suggests that oestrone may play a significant role in the overall action of oestrogens in the human uterus. Studies on ligand specificity of the OeBPs showed that oestrone which is a comparatively weaker oestrogen, competitively displaced bound 3H-oestradiol, more or less in a similar way as a highly potent oestrogen diethylstilboestrol (DOeS). Chlormadinone acetate (CAP), among the progestational steroids tested, maximally displaced bound oestradiol. The significance of these findings in the mechanism of action of oestradiol in the human uterus is discussed.
DIFFERENTIAL STABILITY OF IODINE POOR AND IODINE RICH RAT THYROGLOBULIN
Authors: Valenta Lubomir J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In certain environments thyroglobulin is dissociated into 12S subunit or unfolded into 14–17S species. The unfolding and dissociating ability of various agents was examined on poorly iodinated (PIT) or iodine rich (IRT) rat thyroglobulins. According to the efficiency of provoking unfolding or dissociation these agents could be grouped in the following order: low ionic strength < chaotropic anions < chaotropic anions plus freezing and thawing < succinic anhydride and mild alkali < SDS < strong alkali. The degree of thyroglobulin changes was further dependent on the iodine concentration. No change of sedimentation pattern was obtained in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or after incomplete reduction and alkylation of the iodine rich protein. No stabilization of PIT was brought about by a number of oxidizing agents. Stabilization was only obtained by in vitro iodination. The main difference between the uneffected and unfolded or dissociated thyroglobulin species was in the amount of thyroxine, or, at lower levels of iodination, DIT. The results suggest that non-covalent, especially hydrophobic, rather than covalent interactions are involved in stabilization of conformation of the thyroglobulin molecule.