bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corals Ba/Ca records uncover mid-20th century onset of industrial deforestation in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Naciri Walid , Boom Arnoud , Browne Nicola , Evans Noreen J. , Rankenburg Kai , McDonald Bradley J. , Nagarajan Ramasamy , McIlwain Jennifer , Zinke Jens 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The increasing demand for wood, pasture, and palm oil drives deforestation and stands as the largest threats to rainforests. Whilst many consequences of deforestation are well understood, the effects on coastal ecosystems remain less clear. This issue is very apparent in Malaysian Borneo where the lack of historical deforestation data makes characterising baseline environmental conditions challenging. Building upon a previous study testing the suitability of coral Ba/Ca records as proxies for riverine sediment, we extend these records to the late 19th century, revealing a significant mid-20th -century surge in riverine barium levels, and a gradual lag within records consistent with distance from the river. We argue this increase is associated with the onset of industrial deforestation supported by historical logging records as well as land use data. Ba/Ca records provide unequivocal evidence for the temporal onset and magnitude of the impact of deforestation raising baseline sediment discharge in the nearshore waters.
The Non-coaxiality and Fabric Evolution of Granular Materials in Mixed Load and Unload on Deviatoric Plane
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Li Kuangfei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The non-coaxiality and fabric evolution of granular materials with the stress path of mixed load and unload on deviatoric plane have not been well understood, particularly for mixed unload. This study is to survey the combined influence of intermediate principal stress ratio b-value, stress ratio level, confining pressure, and inter-particle friction on the deformation, non-coaxiality by true triaxial simulations with DEM (discrete element method), in mixed loads and unloads, and their correlation to micro-fabric evolution. Differences in deformation, non-coaxiality, and fabric evolution results are analyzed. The non-coaxiality is closely related to stress increment direction, the current stress state, confining pressure\({\sigma _c}\), and inter-particle friction coefficient\(\mu\), with distinct non-coaxial response in mixed unloads. It further verifies that the magnitude and orientation evolution of contact fabric are responsible for the deformation and non-coaxial response in mixed load and unload.
Global and regional trends and age-period-cohort effects in polycystic ovary syndrome burden from 1990 to 2019, with predictions to 2040
Authors: Li Ruijie , Zhang Ling , Liu Yi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to analyze the secular trends of global and regional polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) burden, the effects of age, period, and birth cohort, and forecast the global burden over time.Material and methods Based on the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) data of PCOS from the 2019 GBD database for the years 1990 to 2019, we used the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and the annual percentage change (APC) calculated using the joinpoint regression model to describe the burden trends. An age-period-cohort model was utilized to analyze the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the PCOS age-standardized rate. The burden of PCOS was projected by conducting the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.Results Globally, there were significant increases in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) (EAPC = 0.85, 95%UI:0.82—0.87), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) (EAPC = 0.84, 95%UI:0.80—0.88), and age-standardized YLD rate (EAPC = 0.82, 95%UI:0.78—0.87) of PCOS from1990-2019. Period RR and cohort RR showed an upward trend in global and most SDI regions, indicating an increased risk of PCOS for new generations. Meanwhile, the BAPC model predicts that the burden will continue to rise.Conclusions The global burden of PCOS increased over the past 30 years, with variability across different regions, and this trend will continue in the future.
Causal Associations between frailty and low back pain: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Zuying , Fan Jiaming , Bu Huilian , Fu Lijun , Li Cong , Ma Letian , Kong Cunlong , Lu Zhongyuan , Li Xinxin , Wang Jian , Liu Qingying , Yuan Jingjing , Fan Xiaochong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous observational studies have revealed a potentially robust reciprocal bidirectional relationship between frailty and low back pain (LBP). However, the precise causal relationship remains unclear.
Methods
To examine the potential causal association between frailty and low back pain, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) study. Genetic data on frailty index (FI) and LBP were acquired from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Various MR methodologies were utilized, such as random effects inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger, to evaluate causality. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.
Results
Genetically predicted higher frailty index (IVW, odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, 95% CI 1.17–2.36, p = 4.92E-03) was associated with a higher risk of low back pain. As for the reverse direction, genetic liability to low back pain showed consistent associations with a higher frailty index (IVW, OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.19, p = 2.68E-05). The outcomes from various MR techniques and sensitivity analyses indicate the robustness of our findings.
Conclusion
Our research findings provide additional evidence bolstering the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and LBP.
Quality assessment and in-vivo glycemic indices of snack bar from blends of plantain flour, soy cake, and oat bran
Authors: Gbolagade Omolola , Oluwajuyitan Timilehin , Aderinola Taiwo , Oyeleye Sunday , Oboh Ganiyu , Arogundade Toyin , Fagbemi Tayo Nathaniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Snack bars were produced in response to the growing demand for creative, processed, healthful, and convenient foods brought on by a lack of time for cooking and a growing awareness of health issues. The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the nutritional content, glycemic response in healthy human subjects, sensory and physical properties of snack bars from plantain, soycake, rice-bran, and oat-bran flour. The flour samples were combined in the following manner: PSO (plantain 65%, soycake 30%, and oat bran 5%); PSRO (plantain 60%, soycake 30%, rice bran 5%, and oat bran 5%). The snack bars' length, width, and thickness varied from 90.83 to 93.02 mm, 37.86 to 40.81 mm, and 6.02 to 10.33 mm. The ranges for weight, volume, density, and spread ratio were 16.02–21.40 g, 22.12–35.53 cm3, 0.60–0.72 g/cm3, and 3.66–6.62, respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that there was no significant difference in overall acceptability between the produced snack bars and the commercial oat snack bar, but there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in color, appearance, texture, aroma, and taste. Results showed that, in comparison to the control (COS), the produced snack bars (PSO and PSRO) have low glycemic indices and are high in crude fiber and protein. The snack bars' nutritional composition was improved by the addition of rice bran. The snack bar especially PSRO has potential to be used as functional diet to modulate blood sugar.
Hardware real-time individualised blood glucose predictor generator based on grammars and cartesian genetic programming
Authors: Cano Jorge , Hidalgo J. Ignacio , Garnica Óscar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

People with diabetes need to control their blood glucose levels to avoid live-threatening situations and long-term pathologies. Efficient blood glucose control requires estimating blood glucose ahead of time for which only heuristic estimators exist. We propose a wearable hardware implementation for blood glucose prediction using a personalized model generator. We propose a novel technique based on genetic programming for designing on-chip real-time configurable hardware design, and apply it to design a hardware implementation of a personalized model generator for blood glucose prediction over a FPGA. The technique integrates grammatical evolution, Cartesian genetic programming, with a (1+λ) evolutionary strategy. The hardware implementation accomplish the training and testing of the generated model using real-patient data. The approach is validated by training and testing two models, for 30 and 60-minute forecasting predictions, for ten real patients. Each model has been created ten times totalling 200 models evaluated. The technique achieves state-of-the-art figures of merit using the Clarke error grid analysis with 98% and 90% of the predictions in clinical acceptable regions at 30- and 60-minute horizons, respectively. The technique does not suffer from hardware limitations compared to a software implementation. It offers an adaptable solution through wearable hardware and advanced model generation techniques that enables reliable high-speed predictions with minimal errors and power consumption. For the first time, the viability of combining cartesian genetic programming with a hardware implementation for creating grammatical evolution-based blood glucose prediction is demonstrated, potentially serving as an embedded system in portable devices.
Game harvest in the most populated Amazonian sustainable-use protected area: insights from 5-years of community-based monitoring
Authors: Reis Yasmin Maria Sampaio , Benchimol Maíra 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Although wildlife has long been crucial for food provision and traditions, wildlife overexploitation can pervasively affect populations. Thus, game harvest monitoring initiatives became a key tool to evaluate hunting sustainability across tropical forests. We used a 5-year community-based monitoring database from the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazon, to examine hunting profile across different villages and assess the influence of anthropogenic stressors and monitored years on community composition (relative frequency and biomass) and hunting productivity using CPUE (catch per unit of effort). We further assessed trends in CPUE of all game species and the six most hunted species along the time series. A total of 5,760 hunting events by 391 families from 13 villages resulted in 6,436 animals from 24 taxa, yielding a harvest of 65,488 kg. Medium to large-sized mammals were the main targets of hunters, but villages exhibited different hunting profiles. Anthropogenic variables did not affect community composition and CPUE, and CPUE remained stable through time. Our findings suggest that hunting is likely sustainable for most species, with the exception of those large and threatened species like Tapirus terrestris and Tayassu pecari. We finally encourage that other Amazonian sustainable-use reserves monitor subsistence hunting through our hunting protocol.
Physical Properties of Rocks and Their Relationships to the Thermal Conductivity Coefficient
Authors: ELÇİ Hakan , Şalk Müjgan , Sarı Coşkun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The thermal conductivity coefficient is an important physical feature of rocks that determines the rate at which heat is transported through a specific rock type. It is a measure of a rock's ability to conduct heat and is determined by a variety of physical characteristics. The relationship between a rock's physical qualities and its thermal conductivity coefficient is complex since it varies based on rock type, mineral composition, porosity, moisture content, and temperature Because ultrasonic techniques are nondestructive and simple to use, VP-wave velocity measurements are utilized both in situ and in the laboratory to explain the dynamic characteristics of rocks. Several factors influence the seismic properties of rock types, including density, grain size and shape, porosity, direction dependency, pore water, clay concentration, compression pressure, and temperature. A rock's acoustic VP-wave velocity is closely related to its velocity in its natural environment, which represents the intact rock's characteristics, structure, and texture. Research has demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of porous rock is primarily determined by its porosity, mineral composition, the presence of fluids filling the pores, and the temperature and pressure of the surrounding environment. Porosity and thermal conductivity impact fluid-rock interactions and define building materials. Physical qualities such as porosity and thermal conductivity coefficient are essential factors in determining the quality of building blocks. In this work, the thermal conductivity coefficient, VP wave velocity, porosity, density, pressure resistance, and other properties of rocks were assessed using laboratory measurements of the thermal conductivity coefficient and acoustic VP wave velocity. The correlations among physical properties were investigated.
Probabilistic Regression for Autonomous Terrain Relative Navigation via Multi-Modal Feature Learning
Authors: Kim Ickbum , Rolen Abigail , Singh Sandeep 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The extension of human spaceflight across an ever-expanding domain, in conjunction with intricate mission architectures demands a paradigm shift in autonomous navigation algorithms, especially for the powered descent phase of planetary landing. Deep learning architectures have previously been explored to perform low-dimensional localization with limited success. Due to the expectations regarding novel algorithms in the context of real missions, the proposed approaches must be rigorously evaluated in extraneous scenarios and demonstrate sufficient robustness. In the current work, a novel formulation is proposed to train CNN-based deep learning (DL) models in a multi-layer cascading architecture and utilize the resulting classification probabilities as regression weights to estimate the two-dimensional position of the lander spacecraft. The approach leverages image intensity as well as embedded depth information to effectively determine the location of a spacecraft relative to the observed terrain. The efficacy of the proposed DL architecture and the subsequent state-estimation framework is demonstrated using several simulated scenarios and shows promise.
Impact of a Multicomponent Program on Sleep Duration and Depressive Symptoms in Overweight Adolescents in Schools in the Northeast Brazil
Authors: de Souza Evanice Avelino , Mendes Márcio de Almeida , Morais Timotheo Batista , de Bruin Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The health promotion in our schools represents a tool of great importance for public health, and the development of some intervention actions to promote healthy habits has been encouraged, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of a multicomponent intervention on the duration and quality of sleeping, eating disorders and depressive symptoms in obese adolescents from full-time schools in the city of Fortaleza, CE. This cluster is a randomized controlled trial with 127 (50.4% female) adolescents from the 7th to 9th grade in public schools in Fortaleza, Northeast Brazil. After agreement, three schools were randomly selected for intervention or control groups (3 schools in each group), and all eligible students were invited to participate in the study. The "Fortaleça sua saúde" program was carried out during a school year and included three main components: Teacher training (including face-to-face meetings, a social media platform, and a handbook with lesson plans); improvements in the physical activity environment in schools; and educational strategies. The control schools continued with their traditional schedule. Baseline and post-intervention evaluations included: subjective sleep quality, measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; depressive symptoms, assessed by the Population Screening Scale for Depression; and eating disorders, evaluated using the Eating Attitudes Test-26. The results of this study identified an increase in sleep duration among adolescents in the intervention group (7.42 vs. 7.79; p = 0.018) and a significant decrease (13.5 vs. 12.0; p = 0.003) in depressive symptom scores compared to those in the control group (14.0 vs. 12.5; p = 1.00). Additionally, adolescents who participated in the program showed a 2.32 times greater chance (1.01 – 5.40; p = 0.049) of not presenting depressive symptoms. The results of this study suggest that interventions in the scholar environment can lead to an improvement in health indicators among obese adolescents.
A Mixed Convection Model for Estimating the Critical Velocity to Prevent Smoke Backlayering in Tunnels
Authors: Beyer Michael , Stacey Conrad , Brenn Günter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A novel mathematical model for the critical ventilation velocity to prevent smoke backlayering in tunnels is presented, addressing limitations of prior approaches. The basis of the model is a rigorous characterisation of the physical processes by the characteristic quantities. Empirical parameters within the new model are determined, to align with results from both full-size and small-scale tunnel experiments. Data from numerical simulations (CFD, Computational Fluid Dynamics), validated by known test data, are then used to estimate the effects of tunnel slope and other parameters on the critical velocity. The model is seen to approximate the critical velocity well, following all trends identified by test data and CFD parameter studies. The empirically calibrated equation permits prediction of the critical velocity beyond the narrow range of tunnel geometries where known results already give an answer. The resulting equation has practical application for tunnel design.
The Relationship Between First-Line Nursing Managers' Communication Skills and Nurses' Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review protocol
Authors: rezaei narjes , sahebzadeh mandana , rarani mostafa amini 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Patient-centered care should be the focus of health services, where continues improvements in First-Line Nursing Managers' communication skills promote nurses' job satisfaction and ensure patient safety and quality care. Thus, this study is a protocol for a systematic review to assess how the communication skills of First-Line Nursing Managers contribute to the development of Nurses' Job Satisfaction.
Methods: This systematic review protocol is conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic. This review aims to assess the utilization of health research findings through a systematic review of documents related to the First-Line Nursing Managers' Communication Skills and job satisfaction among their subordinates, Nurses. These studies should be published from 2019–2024 and in English language are examined and included original research papers, various types of review papers (such as narrative, scope, and systematic reviews), as well as dissertations and theses. Therefore, the comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Two independent reviewers will conduct all study selection procedures, data extraction, and methodological evaluation, and disagreements will be referred to a third reviewer.
Results: This systematic review will provide evidence on more effects for communication skills of First-Line Nursing Managers and will consider information such as duration, educational strategies, assessment measures, and outcomes that promote health worker self-efficacy. The review intends to provide insights into how nursing managers' communication skills influence nurses' job satisfaction, informing evidence-based practice and policy decisions.
Discussion: Implications of the findings for nursing management practices and recommendations for future research will be discussed.
Macroeconomic Tail Probabilities
Authors: Holmberg Ulf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A method for assessing macroeconomic tail probabilities is presented. The method models the probability density mass function of the general macroeconomic environment using non-parametric time series modelling techniques. The method is tested by evaluating the tail probability of historically well-known economic downturns. The results clearly point towards the usability of the method, as well as the validity of the results.
The spatiotemporal brain dynamics of cognitive control
Authors: Mazloum Reza , Popovova Jeanette , Rosio Michael , Macauda Gianluca , Stämpfli Philipp , Vuilleumier Patrik , Frühholz Sascha , Scharnowski Frank , Menon Vinod , Michels Lars 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Understanding the neural foundations of response inhibition is pivotal to unraveling parts of the mechanisms of cognitive control. Advanced human neuroimaging is able to converge the temporal precision of electroencephalography (EEG) with the spatial accuracy of simultaneous EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) to illustrate the intricate neural dynamics at play during a Go/No-Go (GNG) task, as performed by fifty-five right-handed participants. Our analysis reveals the influence of beta oscillations in the right anterior insular cortex (AIC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)— areas implicated in impulse control— during the early event-related potentials (ERPs) component (N1), therefore marking the commencement of sensory processing and the mobilization of cognitive control networks.

Subsequently, the propagation of beta oscillations into the left AIC and IFG underlines their importance to sensory integration. Following the early ERP stages, the engagement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the late ERP component (P3) accentuates its function in arbitrating cognitive control and decision-making. Furthermore, the subsequent activations within the supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) demarcate their roles in network operation and action termination.

In light of the recent surge in interest in exploring the nuances of response inhibition under diverse stimulus visibility thresholds — specifically supraliminal versus subliminal — we too investigated the impact of perceptual awareness on the activation of the response inhibition network. We discerned divergent neural activations between conditions: the supraliminal state induced uniform activity across the network, whereas subliminal conditions presented a more convoluted, reciprocal pattern among these regions and the visual cortex.

Our inquiry furthers the understanding of the temporal and oscillatory mechanisms that fortify response inhibition, offering perspectives on the implicated brain regions and their functional orchestration in response to varying stimulus visibility. This work holds promise for the development of time-efficient, imaging-based biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis of conditions characterized by impaired impulse control, such as addiction and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.