bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Class of Nondifferentiable Fractional Programming Problems
Authors: Mond B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecently Chandra and Gulati established duality theorems for the nondifferentiable fractional programming problem maximize< [cTx – (xTBx)1/2 – α]/[eTx + (xTDx)1/2 + β] subject to Ax ≦ b, x≧. Here we treat the more general nonlinear fractional programming problem maximize [f(x) – (xT Bx)1/2]/[g(x) + (xT Dx)1/2] subject to h(x) ≦0, where f, g and h are differentiable, possibly nonlinear, functions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality as well as appropriate duality theorems are established.
Existenz und Eindeutigkeit eines linearen hyperbolischen Anfangs‐Randwert‐problems und die praktische Anwendung auf Probleme aus der Hydraulik. Teil II: Die lineare hyperbolische Anfangs‐Randwertaufgabe auf Probleme aus der Hydraulik angewandt
Authors: Iben H. ‐K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe quick closing action of a shut‐off valve arranged at the end of a line and the wave motion within the line of a Diesel injection system are treated as examples. In contrast to the conventional method, the desired injection law is given for the example of wave motion; the configuration of the value opening cross section is calculated.
The Effect of a Frictional Shear on Dynamic Stresses Produced in a Semi‐Infinite Solid by a Reciprocating Load
Authors: Ohyoshi Tadashi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFrictional forces, naturally generated at interfaces of solids, affect the distribution of dynamic stresses produced in a semiinfinite elastic solid by a reciprocally moving normal load prescribed on its boundary. Those mechanical characteristics are investigated by making use of the theoretical method of elastodynamics. Numerical calculation is carried out when the normal load is distributed harmonically in space and the frictional shear is determined by considering a coefficient of dynamic friction provided that the rule of the Coulomb friction is available. Numerical results are shown in graph and it is concluded that the effect on the stress distributions is comparatively large. Especially, arrivals of the shear shock waves from the friction surface cause abrupt transitions in the dynamic shear stress distribution, which phenomenon comes from the mechanical properties of reciprocation of the load moving on the friction surface.
Konvergenz im Mittel von Phasensystemen
Authors: Koryakin Y. U. A. , Leonov G. A. , Reitmann V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractContinuous and discrete phase systems (i.e. non‐linear control systems, being periodical with respect to some coordinates) which play an important role as a theoretical basis in modern electronics, are investigated by means of frequency methods in this paper. Similar to the conception of convergence for ordinary differential equations phase convergence and α‐phase convergence in the mean are introduced for phase systems having the rank m. Sufficient conditions for the appearance of these types of convergence are given there. The results are applied to nonautonomous phase‐locked loops (PLL) with a proportional integrating filter and to discrete PLL with an integrating RC‐filter.
Solving the Generalized Transportation Problem with Constraints
Authors: Gupta Reeta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the present paper a technique for solving generalized transportation problems with several extra linear constraints is developed. It is shown that it is not necessary to store and update the entire basis inverse at each iteration. The only informations needed at each iteration of the solution procedure consist in the storage of the disjoint basis components of the underlying generalized transportation problem and a q X q matrix (where q is the number of the additional constraints). A simple numerical example is given to illustrate the procedure.
On the Problem of a Generalization of the Hamilton‐Jacobi Method for Nonholonomic Systems
Authors: Rumyantsev V. V. , Sumbatov A. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe necessary and sufficient conditions of the applicability of the generalized Hamilton‐Jacobi method for integrating the equations of motion of mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints of Chetaev's type are obtained. An example is considered.
Eine verallgemeinerte Darstellung inelastischer Deformationsgesetze zur Erleichterung der numerischen Lösung von Anfangs‐Randwertproblemen
Authors: Bergander H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is demonstrated that the connection between stress and strain can be presented in a united form for material classes of most various kinds. This form corresponds to a form of a linear elasticity law with additional strains for the increments of stress and strain. The coefficients of law depend on stress strain state and internal parameters. The number of parameters is differently great for various material states. This formulation is very advantageous for a numerical solution of boundary‐value problems with initial conditions of which are worked out the general aspects.
Optimal Design of Elastic Beams with Unspecified Support Conditions
Authors: Szeląg D. , Mróz Z. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFormulation of the problem of optimal design for beams with unspecified support position and stiffness is presented. It is assumed that the beam is composed of segments of unspecified cross‐sections and lengths which are to be determined together with support positions and cross‐sections. Design for specified mean compliance, first frequency of free vibrations or buckling force is considered and proper optimality criteria are derived. Illustrative examples are presented and the iterative algorithm of numerical solution is discussed in detail.
Error Bounds for the Liouville‐Green Approximation to Initial‐Value Problems
Authors: Taylor James G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNew error bounds are developed for the Liouville‐Green approximation for initial‐value problems governed by a single second‐order linear differential equation. The cases of both exponential‐type and also oscillatory solutions are considered. Previous error bounds are sharpened as a consequence of our development of these new error bounds for initial‐value problems. These new results are applied to an important class of linear differential equations arising in military operations research (specifically, variable‐coefficient Lanchester‐type equations of modern warfare for combat between two homogeneous forces).
Stefan Problems with Nonlinear Boundary Conditions: The Polygonal Method
Authors: Borgioli Giovanni , Benedetto Emmanuele Di , Ughi Maura 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present three applications of a polygonal method to the approximate solution of a one dimensional Stefan problem with nonlinear boundary conditions on the fixed face. Our results extend previous approaches which have appeared in literature. In the same time the regularity assumptions on the initial data are relaxed and great simplification is obtained in the proof arguments; moreover error estimates are performed in the general case.
Three Dimensional Unsteady Actuator Disk Theory for Subsonic Viscous Flow
Authors: Tsujimoto Y. , Murata S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper gives an analysis of the viscous effects on the unsteady lifts acting on three‐dimensional subsonic cascades by means of actuator disk method. Rigorous solutions of linearized Navier‐Stokes equation are firstly given in the up‐and down‐stream regions of the actuator disk and then coupled together using the momentum equations and the equation of continuity. The results approach to the inviscid solutions so far known by letting Re → ∞. It is shown that the effects of the viscosity are remarkable especially near the resonance and at high frequency.
Stress Functions for Elastic Dielectrics
Authors: Glockner P. G. , Chowdhury K. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBeltrami‐type representations are constructed for the stress tensor, the polarization vector, and the electric tensor for Mindlin's theory of elastic dielectrics including polarization gradient effects. Using these representations and the linear compatibility conditions, stress boundary value problems of linear elastic dielectrics are formulated. This formulation is applied to one and two dimensional problems of dielectric half spaces and the results obtained therefrom are compared with corresponding solutions available in the literature [1,2].
A Linear Programming Formulation of the Problem of Moments
Authors: Siu W. W. C. , Sengupta S. S. , Lind N. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSolutions of the moment problem are sought in the class of density functions that possess certain conditions of continuity and differentiability. One can accomplish this by the methods of linear optimization if the nodal quantities, for instance, the ordinates and derivatives are retained as independent variables and if the density function is approximated over the subintervals by an interpolation process, such as the cubic spline functions. Computations indicate that the procedure yields bounds on the probabilities that are sharper than the ones due to the classical methods.
Stabilitätsberechnung dichtegeschichteter ebener Wandgrenzschichten
Authors: Strehle E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZur Berechnung der Stabilität dichtegeschichteter Grenzschichten werden die Differentialgleichungen hergeleitet. Ihre Integration geschieht nach einem rationellen numerischen Verfahren. Als wesentliches Ergebnis wird ein Stabilitätsdiagramm vorgelegt, aus dem man in Abhängigkeit von der thermischen Schichtung die kritische Reynoldszahl entnehmen kann. Hiermit läßt sich der zu erwartende Strömungszustand vorhersagen. Ein Vergleich mit experimentellen Ergebnissen zeigt gute Übereinstimmung.
Zur Existenz und Eindeutigkeit der Görtler‐Funktionen I. Die Eindeutigkeit
Authors: Schwierz K.‐P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGegeben sei die ebene und stationäre Strömung einer inkompressiblen und reibenden Flüssigkeit in einer laminaren Wandgrenzschicht. Zur Berechnung dieser Strömung wurde in [4], [5] und [11] die Görtler‐Reihe eingeführt. Die Koeffizienten‐funktionen dieser Reihe sind die Lösungen eines unendlichen Systems von gewöhnlichen Randwertaufgaben dritter Ordnung, die von unendlich vielen Strömungsparametern abhängen. Nach [16], [17] führt ein linearer Ansatz für die Koeffizientenfunktionen der Görtler‐Reihe auf ein zweifach unendliches System von Randwertaufgaben für die Ansatz‐funktionen. Diese Randwertaufgaben hängen nur noch von einem einzigen Strömungsparameter ab. Die Ansatzfunktionen sind in der Literatur unter dem Namen „Görtler‐Funktionen”︁ bekannt. — In dem vorliegenden Teil 1 soll die Eindeutigkeit dieser Görtler‐Funktionen nachgewiesen werden. Mit elementaren Mitteln wird dabei ein Widerspruchsbeweis geführt. In Teil II, der im folgenden Heft erscheinen wird, wird ein Existenzsatz bewiesen werden.
Second‐Order Stochastic Input‐Output Stability and Instability of Interconnected Systems
Authors: Gutmann R. L. , Michel A. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNew results for the second‐order stochastic input‐output stability and instability of large classes of continuous time and discrete time interconnected stochastic systems are established. The analysis is accomplished in terms of lower order subsystems and in terms of system interconnecting structure. When appropriate, frequency domain interpretations are emphasized. The method of analysis advanced herein is applied to three specific examples.
Ein Grenzverteilungssatz für stochastische Eingenwertprobleme
Authors: Purkert W. , vom Scheidt J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEs wird das stochastische Eigenwertproblembetrachtet. Die stochastischen Prozesse fr(x, ω) – 〈fr〉 seien unabhängig und schwach korreliert mit der Korrelationslänge ϵ. Es wird gezeigt, daß für die Eigenwerte und Eigenfunktionen bei ϵ → 0 ein zentraler Grenzwertsatz gilt. Die Parameter der Grenzverteilung werden berechnet. Sie hängen von den Eigenwerten μl und den Eigenfunktionen wl(x) des gemittelten Problemsab.
Verallgemeinerung eines Lemmas von J. L. Walsh nebst einigen Anwendungen
Authors: Boese G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEin vielfach von J. L. Walsh benutztes Lemma über den Funktionswert von Summen von Partialbrüchen wird in bezug auf die Polordnung der Partialbrüche verallgemeinert und dazu sind einige Anwendungen gegeben. Die Verallgemeinerung wird über die Untersuchung der Abbildungseigenschaften der Funktion w(z) = (1 – z)−s erhalten.
Plant‐scale operations for degumming, caustic‐refining, and water‐washing soybean oil by a two‐step continuous process
Authors: Kaiser H. R. , Hoffman C. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOperation of a four‐tank‐car‐per‐day plant, using a Duozon3 and a Hydrazon3 舠in series舡 to perform continuous degumming, caustic refining, and water washing of soybean oil is described. A simplified flow sheet, illustrating the process, and a detailed functional description of the degummer and the caustic refiner‐water washer are given. Typical plant‐operating data for this versatile, low‐cost plant are pressnted.
Four‐factor response surface optimization of the enzymatic modification of triolein to structured lipids
Authors: Shieh Chwen‐Jen , Akoh Casimir C. , Koehler Philip E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ability of an immobilized lipase to modify the fatty acid composition of (88.8% C18:1, 4.3% C16:0, 3.1% C18:0, and 3.8% C18:2 as determined by gas chromatography, and approximately 90% triolein) in hexane by incorporation of a medium‐chain fatty acid, capric acid (C10), to form structured triacylglycerol was studied. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of synthesis variables, such as reaction time (12–36 h), temperature (25–65°C), molar substrate ratio of capric acid to triolein (2:1–6:1), and enzyme amount (10–30% wt% of triacylglycerol), on the yield of structured lipid. Optimization of the transesterification was attempted to obtain maximum yield of structured lipid while using the minimum molar substrate ratio and enzyme amount as much as possible. Computer‐generated contour plot interpretation revealed that a relatively high molar substrate ratio (6:1) combined with low enzyme amount (10%) after 30 h of reaction at 25°C gave optimum incorporation of capric acid. A total yield for combined monoand dicaproolein of up to 100% was obtained.
Triglyceride deposition in tissues of germinating coconut (Cocos nucifera linn)
Authors: Balachandran C. , Arumughan C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCoconut is the largest oilseed. In the present investigation, various lipid classes, such as triacylglycerol, free fatty acid, diacylglycerol, and their fatty acid compositions were determined from three regions of germinating coconut at three stages of germination. In this process, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed and resynthesized in the haustorium tissue. Cooperative participation of various tissues, such as endosperm, haustorium, and embryo, was therefore involved in the process of germination of coconut.
Characterization of wax esters in the roe oil of amber fish,Seriola aureovittata
Authors: Joh Yong‐Goe , Brechany Elizabeth Y. , Christie William W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe wax esters of the roe oil of the amber fish,Seriola aureovittata, have been resolved by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the silver‐ion mode. Each of the fractions collected was transmethylated, and the fatty acids and alcohols were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) as the picolinyl esters and nicotinates, respectively. Their compositions were determined by GC. The fatty acid composition is complex, and the main components are C18:1n‐9 (35.5 mol%), C22:6n‐3 (20.3 mol%), and C16:1n‐7 (10.7 mol%), while fatty alcohols are limited to saturated (C16:0, 60.3 mol%; C18:0, 15.3 mol%; C14:0, 5.1 mol%) and monoenoic alcohols (C18:1n‐9, 6.5 mol%; C16:1n‐7, 4.5 mol%) with traces (<0.1 mol%) of polyunsaturated fatty alcohols such as C20:3n‐3, C20:4n‐6, C20:5n‐3, and C22:5n‐3. Silver‐ion HPLC exhibited excellent resolution in which fractions were resolved on the basis of the number and configuration of double bonds as well as the distribution pattern between the acid and alcohol moieties of the molecules with a given number of double bonds. The main wax ester fraction are those of monoenoic acid‐saturated alcohol species, hexaenoic acid/saturated alcohol species, and pentaenoic acid/saturated alcohol species. Appreciable specificity was observed in the esterification of fatty acids with alcohols, and surprisingly, no saturated acid‐monoenoic alcohol species were detected.
New developments in hydrogen gas generation molecular sieves
Authors: Priddy Max H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe use of molecular sieves as a means of purifying steam‐reformed hydrocarbon fuel in the production of low cost hydrogen has been developed into a practical gas generator design. Conventional processes for producing hydrogen are reviewed, with a history of molecular sieves and how this dry desiccant material was applied to commercial equipment as an adsorbent for removal of CO2 and water vapor. The molecular sieve type hydrogen gas generator is discussed with an outline of typical operating cost and gas purity capabilities.
The PAT‐20, varian’s new NMR process analyzer
Authors: Andersson L. O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVarian’s earlier process analyzer, the PA‐7, is now being replaced by a new solid state instrument, the PAT‐20, with improved reliability and performance and simplified operation. The instrument measures the NMR signal of the protons in the sample, integrating the narrow line to give a quick and accurate quantitative analysis of water or oil in a previously weighed sample. The result can be displayed on a recorder or on a digital readout. It can also be fed directly into a computer for on line process regulation. A short description of the construction of the instrument is given and the principles of operation are explained.
Transient NMR quantitative measurements
Authors: Persyn G. A. , Rollwitz W. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe transient nuclear magnetic resonance technique is briefly described. Application of this technique allowed quantitative observation of the protons in the oil, water and solid material in a single corn kernel and on a corn kernel baked at 107 C. These results along with measurements on lyophilized foods are discussed.
Inactivation of aflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meals by ammoniation
Authors: Gardner H. K. , Koltun S. P. , Dollear F. G. , Rayner E. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAflatoxins in peanut and cottonseed meal can be inactivated by treatment with gaseous ammonia. In pilot plant runs, contaminated peanut meal was ammoniated at two levels each of moisture content, reaction time, temperature and ammonia pressure. Thin layer chromatography indicated that ammoniation inactivated the aflatoxins (121 ppb) in the meal to a nondetectable level. With a similar treatment, total aflatoxins (350 ppb) in cottonseed meal were reduced to 4 ppb. A series of runs was made with large scale equipment using cottonseed meal containing an average of 519 ppb total aflatoxins. Under optimum processing conditions, aflatoxin content of this meal was reduced to below 5 ppb and non‐detectable levels.
Norsolorinic acid from a mutant strain ofAspergillus parasiticus
Authors: Lee Louise S. , Bennett Joan W. , Goldblatt L. A. , Lundin R. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA mutant formed after UV irradiation of a potent aflatoxin producing strain ofAspergillus parasiticus elaborated 80% less aflatoxin than did the parent strain and produced an orange‐red pigment. This new metabolite which represents 1% of the mycelial mass has been identified as 2‐hexanoyl‐1,3,6,8‐tetrahydroxyanthraquinone (norsolorinic acid), mol wt 370, mp 256–257 C, and molecular formula C20H18O7.
Breeding rapeseed for oil and meal quality
Authors: Downey R. K. , Craig B. M. , Youngs C. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSignificant variation in fatty acid composition occurs within the seed oils of theBrassica genus, which includes the mustards and rapeseed. Research into the inheritance and biosynthesis of fatty acids has shown that at least two biosynthetic pathways exist in the developing rapeseed and some of the steps are under direct genetic control. The plant breeder has the basic knowledge in this oilseed crop to produce seed oils with defined fatty acid composition, and a practical example is the commercial development of Canbra oil, the rapeseed oil from which erucic acid has been eliminated.Brassica seed meals contain thioglucosides which may cause metabolic disturbances when fed to certain classes of livestock. The major thioglucosides in rapeseed meal are those giving rise to 3‐butenyl and 4‐pentenyl isothiocyanate and 5‐vinyl‐2‐oxazolidinethione. Partial success in eliminating these compounds has been achieved by breeding strains of turnip rape (B. campestris) which do not contain the glucosides of 4‐pentenyl isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione, and the identification of aB. napus variety with very low levels of all three glucosides. These findings suggest that complete removal of these sulfur compounds may be possible through plant breeding.
Variation in composition of sunflower oil from composite samples and single seeds of varieties and inbred lines
Authors: Putt E. D. , Carson R. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe seed oil of eight sunflower varieties grown at 10 locations in 1964 and 14 locations in 1964 showed highly significant differences between varieties and between stations in mean values for percentage of stearic, oleic and linoleic acids but no significant difference for palmitic acid. The same observations held for oleic and linoleic acids in three varieties common to eight stations in the two years. The only significant interaction appearing in these studies was between years and stations. Varieties requiring the same time to mature differed significantly. Oil from composite samples of inbred lines showed large differences in composition, e.g., the ranges in 56 lines grown in one season at one location were: palmitic 4.7–8.2%; stearic 1.7–9.1%; oleic 13.9–40.3%; and linoleic 47.9–76.4%. Single seeds within inbred lines also showed striking variation. The greatest variation occurred in lines inbred for one to three generations and the least in lines inbred for eight to nine generations. Pairs of lines with identical or similar flowering date differed significantly in mean values of all four acids. Variation between seeds within varieties were relatively narrow in Armavirec and Advent, but wide in Peredovik where the range was: palmitic 4.5–9.4%; stearic 2.5–12.4%; oleic 14.8–46.4%; and linoleic 34.3–75.5%. The results show that genetic control of oil quality, independent of flowering or maturity date, exists in sunflowers. The wide range in composition suggests that altering oil quality in the crop by breeding is a practical objective.
Catalyst studies for hydrogenation of vegetable oils
Authors: Stefanovic Sava , Albright Lyle F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCottonseed and soybean oils were partially hydrogenated using various commercial nickel catalysts. Methods were investigated by which commercial catalysts can be changed with respect to the rate of reaction, selectivity ortrans‐isomerization during hydrogenation of the oils. Catalysts which were treated with hydrogen sulfide produce considerably moretrans isomers but catalysts treated with air often cause higher selectivity ratios. Factors affecting the hydrogenation characteristics of a catalyst are discussed.