bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seclusion and Restraint of Children: A Literature Review
Authors: Allen John Julian 
Published: August 2007

TOPIC. Nurses' attitudes toward the use of seclusion and restraint with children.PURPOSE. To review recent literature concerning these controversial interventions, and to examine possible alternative therapeutic interventions.SOURCES. Selected published nursing and psychiatric literature 1987 to 1998.CONCLUSIONS. Staff have a positive attitude toward the use of seclusion and restraint. A theory of pozoer and control may explain their use when many alternative, less restrictive interventions are available.
Adopted Children: Core Issues and Unique Challenges
Authors: Smit Eileen M. 
Published: August 2007

TOPICPsychological impact of adoption and resulting core issues for adopted children.PURPOSETo raise awareness of the psychological impact of adoption.SOURCESPublished literature and personal observations.CONCLUSIONSAdoption raises unique issues and challenges for the child and adoptive parents. Resolving the issues of adoption is a lifelong process. Through an awareness of the issues inherent in adoption, nurses and parents can use strategies that will enhance childrens self‐esteem and decrease their emotional vulnerability.
Depression in Adolescents With Diabetes
Authors: Kanner Sheri , Hamrin Vanya , Grey Margaret 
Published: August 2007

TOPIC Prevalence and interventions for depression in youth with type 1 diabetes.PURPOSE To explore the co‐morbidity of youth with diabetes and psychiatric conditions, and evaluate the relationship of youth with co‐morbid depression and diabetes on glycemic control, quality of life, family support, behavioral problems, attributional style, and self‐esteem.SOURCES Relevant literature in both child and adolescent populations of psychiatry, psychology, and nursing.CONCLUSIONS Youth with type 1 diabetes have significantly higher rates of depression over the general population. Seratonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive behavioral treatment, interpersonal therapy, improving family communication and problem‐solving skills, and diabetes education hold promise as treatment that can decrease depression in youth with diabetes. Advanced practice nurses are positioned to provide these interventions and treatments.
A Model of Recovery From Substance Abuse and Dependence for Korean Adolescents
Authors: Hyun Myung Sun , Kools Susan , Kim Sun Ah 
Published: August 2007

PROBLEM There is a need for a model that illuminates the recovery process from substance abuse and dependence for Korean adolescents, identifies the stages and strategies of recovery, and directs interventions to specific stages.METHODS The model was developed from content analysis focused on the experiences during the recovery process of 8 Korean adolescents with substance abuse and dependence.CONCLUSIONS The stages in recovery include retracing, accepting, surrendering, and turning to change. The strategies of recovery involve a variety of activities and multidimensional domains. The model integrates the stages and strategies of recovery, and suggests nursing interventions to promote recovery of adolescents with a substance‐related disorder.
Childreach: Violence Prevention in Preschool Settings
Authors: Goodwin Trena , Pacey Katheryn , Grace Mary 
Published: August 2007

TOPIC Early intervention to decrease violent and aggressive behavior in preschool‐age children.PURPOSE To describe a model of an on‐site early identification and intervention program for children under 6 in child care and preschool settings.SOURCES Literature review, authors' experiences in preschool prevention services, and pre/post intervention data using standardized tools.CONCLUSIONS An on‐site secondary prevention program is an effective strategy to decrease violent and aggressive behavior in very young children. This model can be replicated in most communities through collaborations among childhood mental health professionals and early childhood educators.
Effect of the Teaching Kids to Cope (TKC©) Program on Outcomes of Depression and Coping Among Rural Adolescents
Authors: Puskar Kathryn , Sereika Susan , Tusaie‐Mumford Kathleen 
Published: August 2007

PROBLEM Incidence of depressive symptoms and lack of sufficient adaptive coping skills in adolescents.METHODS A randomized controlled study to test the effectiveness of a group‐administered, cognitive‐behavioral interventions method, TKC©, on rural adolescents (N = 89). Outcomes were measured by changes in the scores on an Adolescent Depression Scale and the Coping Response Inventory pre/post intervention, at 6 and at 12 months.FINDINGS Results indicated improvement in depressive symptomatology and certain coping skills. Students in the intervention reported a higher use of cognitive problem‐solving coping strategies.CONCLUSIONS The role of a psychiatric nurse in the school system providing short‐term psychoeducation interventions is a practical and effective mental health practice.
The Social Construction of Fat: Care and Control in the Public Concern for Healthy Behaviour
Authors: Pieterman Roel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEspecially during the last decade populations of modern affluent societies are warned by scientist, politicians, media and interest groups that there is an obesity epidemic. Being overweight is now not only culturally condemned, but also medically and politically defined as a major public health threat. This article presents three lines of critique which is offered against this dominant public perception. Some argue that we need to change our attitude to fat irrespective of the medical truth. Others agree there is a problem, but they disagree with the analysis and therefore offer other solutions. Most fundamental is the kind of critique that starts with the question ‘But is it true?’This question leads to three major conclusions. First, it turns out that the medical science is flawed, one‐sided and contradicted. Second, because there are no effective therapies, present policies produce major negative side‐effects. And third, these policies produce and legitimize discriminatory practices. A general conclusion which can be drawn from this critical literature is that the present risk discourse on fat has much more to do with social and cultural issues like power, blame and control than with health problems.
Whiteness Studies and the Erasure of Gender
Authors: Ferber Abby L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn recent years, the study of race and ethnicity has expanded, and there is now a growing field of research that examines whiteness and racial privilege. This article provides an overview of theories of privilege and whiteness studies, and argues that these analyses should incorporate an intersectional approach. Intersectional theories argue that race and gender are intertwined, and neither can be fully comprehended on its own. An intersectional approach sees race and gender as interacting and inseparable. Two specific contemporary racial projects are examined: the ideology of color blindness, and organized white supremacist discourse, and argues that gender is essential to understanding both. Finally, the consequences of the erasure of gender from our analyses of whiteness are examined.
Racial Residential Segregation in Urban America
Authors: Adelman Robert M. , Gocker James Clarke 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere are numerous causes and consequences of racial residential segregation in American metropolitan areas, and a long‐standing literature is filled with debates about them. We provide an overview of the trends and patterns regarding racial residential segregation, focusing primarily on blacks and whites. We pay special attention to the competing arguments about race and class in the context of residential stratification. We then discuss the many causes of residential segregation, and its social and economic consequences. After the overview, we identify key gaps in the literature. We discuss three broad substantive areas of research that expand the study of racial residential segregation: (i) the everyday experiences of race, class, and gender disadvantage as they are related to segregation; (ii) contemporary immigration streams and their impact on black‐white residential dynamics; and (iii) the power of political‐economic forces to transform residentially segregated spaces, with a particular emphasis on processes related to gentrification and home mortgage lending.
The Sociology of Celebrity
Authors: Ferris Kerry O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe sociology of celebrity (and its cousin, fame) is a relatively young field, despite having identifiable classical roots. While the topic was ignored by sociologists for many years, it has recently been taken up by both theorists and empirical researchers in sociology and a variety of related fields. In this article, I evaluate the current state of the field, and identify two major themes – celebrity as pathology and celebrity as commodity – that currently dominate the literature. In addition, I suggest additional research directions that I believe will help the field develop and mature; in particular, empirically grounded and meaning‐oriented research that reflects the lived experiences of those who swim in the sea of celebrity culture everyday. What does celebrity mean to the people who produce it, consume it, engage with it and live it? To the extent that researchers take up these questions, the sociology of celebrity will continue to be a vibrant and vigorous area of study.
Why Is The Song of Moses in the Book of Deuteronomy?
Authors: Leuchter Mark 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDetermining the compositional origins of The Song of Moses has long proved to be a difficult task, with some scholars favoring an early (pre-8th century) date and others looking to a date in the Josianic period or later. New light may be shed on this problem by asking not when the Song was composed but by determining its function within the Book of Deuteronomy. In order to do this, a date of the Song's redaction into Deuteronomy must be established. The present study suggests that this redaction is best seen as occurring during the reign of Josiah, bestowing upon the Song a hermeneutical purpose via its place in the overall structure of the Josianic edition of Deuteronomy. Viewed from this perspective, the Song can be seen as contributing to the northern Levitical interests of the Deuteronomists and serving propagandistic aims in relation to Josiah's ambitions in the north. ese observations are suggestive of the Song's compositional origins among northern Levites in the early days of the monarchic period.
Green Tea Solution Individually Solubilizes Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nakamura Genki , Narimatsu Kaori , Niidome Yasuro , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
We describe the finding that green tea and catechins individually dissolve single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). UV–visible–near-IR absorption, photoluminescence, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the solubilized aqueous nanotube solutions.
Circular Arrangement of Mesogens Induced in Bragg-type Polarization Holograms of Thick Azobenzene Copolymer Films with a Tolane Moiety
Authors: Shishido Atsushi , Ishiguro Makoto , Ikeda Tomiki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Bragg-type polarization holograms were recorded in thick copolymer films with tolane and azobenzene moieties by interfering two orthogonal circularly polarized beams at 488 nm. Observation of the films with a polarizing optical microscope revealed that circular alignment of molecules was induced along a grating vector. An incident reading beam at 633 nm was efficiently diffracted, depending on its polarization state and incident direction.
Double Thienylation of Alkynes in the Platinum(II)-catalyzed Reaction of Thiophenes with Propiolic Acids
Authors: Keita Mory Laye , Mizuhara Tomohiro , Oyamada Juzo , Kitamura Tsugio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Platinum-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes was applied to thiophenes. Reaction of thiophenes with ethyl propiolate in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of a K2PtCl4/AgOTf catalyst gave bis(substituted thienyl)propionates in good yields. The same Pt-catalyzed reaction with propiolic acid proceeded efficiently to provide bis(substituted thienyl)propionic acids in high yields.
Phenotype of a Calbindin-D9k Gene Knockout Is Compensated for by the Induction of Other Calcium Transporter Genes in a Mouse Model
Authors: Lee Geun-Shik , Lee Kun-Yeong , Choi Kyung-Chul , Ryu Young-Han , Paik Sang Gi , Oh Goo Taeg , Jeung Eui-Bae 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
CaBP-9k may be involved in the active calcium absorption and embryo implantation. Although we generated CaBP-9k KO mice to explore its function, no distinct phenotypes were observed in these KO mice. It can be hypothesized that TRPV5 and 6 and plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1b may play a role in the regulation of calcium transport to compensate CaBP-9k deficiency in its KO model.
Introduction: Active calcium transport in the duodenum and kidney is carried in three steps: calcium entry through epithelial Ca2+ channels (TRPV5 and TRPV6), buffering and/or transport by calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) and -D28k (CaBP-28k), and extrusion through the plasma membrane calcium ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) and sodium/calcium exchanger 1. Although the molecular mechanism of calcium absorption has been studied using knockouts (KOs) of the vitamin D receptor and CaBP-28k in animals, the process is not fully understood.
Materials and Methods: We generated CaBP-9k KO mice and assessed the phenotypic characterization and the molecular regulation of active calcium transporting genes when the mice were fed different calcium diets during growth.
Results: General phenotypes showed no distinct abnormalities. Thus, the active calcium transport of CaBP-9k–null mice proceeded normally in this study. Therefore, the compensatory molecular regulation of this mechanism was elucidated. Duodenal TRPV6 and CaBP-9k mRNA of wildtype (WT) mice increased gradually during preweaning. CaBP-9k is supposed to be an important factor in active calcium transport, but its role is probably compensated for by other calcium transporter genes (i.e., intestinal TRPV6 and PMCA1b) during preweaning and renal calcium transporters in adult mice.
Conclusions: Depletion of the CaBP-9k gene in a KO mouse model had little phenotypic effect, suggesting that its depletion may be compensated for by calcium transporter genes in the intestine of young mice and in the kidney of adult mice.
Zur Strafwürdigkeit automatisierter Verhaltensweisen
Authors: Merkel Grischa 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
In der Literatur gilt die Strafwürdigkeit automatisierter Verhaltensweisen weiterhin als nicht abschließend geklärt. Obwohl sich nur Wenige dezidiert schon gegen die Handlungsqualität von Automatismen aussprechen, scheint der Mehrheit jedenfalls bewusst, dass die Bejahung des Handlungsmerkmals in den entsprechenden Fällen eine gewisse Dissonanz mit den überkommenen Handlungslehren des Strafrechts erzeugt. Dabei ist die Schwierigkeit einer Zuordnung der automatisierten Verhaltensweisen offenbar eine zweifache: Einerseits können sie sich, wie die Reflexe, die gemeinhin als sog. Nichthandlungen angesehen werden, in einer motorisch einfachen Reizantwort erschöpfen; sie können aber auch als komplexe Reaktionen auf unspezifische situative Ereignisse erfolgen, so dass ganz unterschiedliche Bewegungsabläufe möglich sind. Daher sind sie äußerlich von den für das Selbstbild des Menschen typischen „Wahlentscheidungen“ schwer abzugrenzen. Auf der anderen Seite widersetzen sie sich einer Einordnung in den Handlungsbegriff, da diese Bewegungen zwar im Wachzustand, aber, jedenfalls in den strafrechtlich relevanten Fällen, zumeist als unmittelbare Reaktion auf ein unvorhersehbares Ereignis derart spontan erfolgen, dass der jeweiligen Person keine Zeit zu einer überlegten Handlung bleibt und sie „einfach nur reagiert“. Dies sei, so wird gesagt, darauf zurückzuführen, dass ein vormals erlernter Vorgang nunmehr lediglich auf einen Reiz hin „abgerufen“ wird. Die mehrheitlich vertretenen Handlungsbegriffe setzen dagegen eine bewusst kontrollierte Steuerung bei strafrechtlich relevanten Bewegungen voraus. Eben dieses Merkmal scheint den automatisierten Verhaltensweisen aber gerade zu fehlen – daher deren Bezeichnung als „automatisiert“. Auch nach der Rechtsprechung soll eine Handlung jedenfalls dann nicht vorliegen, wenn der „natürliche Wille“, die „Beherrschbarkeit durch den Willen“, die „Willensbetätigung“, der „Willensakt“ oder „Willensentschluß“ nicht festgestellt werden kann; gleichwohl bejaht sie heute ebenfalls die Strafwürdigkeit automatisierter Verhaltensweisen.
Die Bedeutung der Entsprechungsklausel beim Betrug durch Schweigen
Authors: Kargl Walter 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

I. Einführung

1. Entwicklung in der Rechtsprechung
Das Institut des Betrugs durch Unterlassen blickt auf eine lange Rechtsprechungstradition zurück. Den Grundstein für die Bestrafung einer Täuschung durch Schweigen legte das Reichsgericht in einem Urteil vom 28. November 1889, in dem erstmalig auf die Möglichkeit einer Gleichstellung zwischen aktiver Täuschung und schlichtem Nichthandeln hingewiesen wurde. Bereits ein Jahr später wurde mit dem Hinweis Ernst gemacht. Am 3. Oktober 1890 erfolgte im Rahmen des § 263 StGB eine Verurteilung wegen „unredlichen“ Schweigens. Zur Begründung wurden die Grundsätze über Kommissivdelikte durch Unterlassen herangezogen, wonach eine Bestrafung des Angeklagten in Betracht komme, „wenn derselbe infolge vorausgegangenen Tuns oder kraft einer sonst bestehenden Rechtspflicht die in Frage stehende Tatsache mitteilen muss“. Fortan gehört die Anwendung der Leitsätze der unechten Unterlassungsdelikte auf den Betrug durch Schweigen zur gefestigten Rechtsprechung. Sofern auf den Wortlaut des § 263 StGB eingegangen wird, zählt die Verortung des Schweigens unter das Tatbestandsmerkmal der „Unterdrückung einer wahren Tatsache“ ebenfalls zum gesicherten Bestand der Judikatur.
Grundlagen des konstruktivistischen Unternehmensschuldbegriffes
Authors: Díez Carlos Gómez-Jara 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

I. Problemstellung

Soll das deutlichste Argument gegen eine Unternehmensstrafbarkeit benannt werden, so entscheidet sich der Dogmatiker wahrscheinlich rasch für die Schuldunfähigkeit des Unternehmens. Die Gründe dafür sind zahlreich und bekannt: Unmöglichkeit eines gegen das Unternehmen zu formulierenden sozial-ethischen Schuldvorwurfs; Untauglichkeit des Unternehmens als Normadressat; Mangel des Unternehmens an subjektbezogener Reflexionsfähigkeit; Koordinierungsschwierigkeiten zwischen Unternehmensschuldzurechung und Organsschuldzurechung, unter anderen. Es kann behauptet werden, dass die h. M. in der deutschen Strafrechtsdogmatik das Konzept einer echten Unternehmensschuld ablehnt. Ganz in die Gegenrichtung aber bewegen sich die Tendenzen in der Europäischen Union; dort gewinnt die strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit von Unternehmen an Boden, und dies mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit. Die neuen Regelungen in der Schweiz, Polen, Spanien und der Europäischen Union stellen eine klare Bestätigung der europäischen Tendenz dar, Unternehmen als Strafrechtspersonen zu betrachten. Obwohl in Deutschland jüngste entsprechende Vorstöße, um eine solche Verantwortlichkeit einzuführen, keinen Erfolg gehabt haben, ist es wahrscheinlich eine Zeitfrage, dass neue legislatorische Vorschläge in naher Zukunft präsentiert werden – sei es aufgrund nationaler Bedürfnisse, sei es wegen europäischer Verpflichtungen.
Strafrechtliche Haftung für prozessbedingte sekundäre Viktimisierung
Authors: Kölbel Ralf 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

I. Innerprozessualer Opferschutz durch Strafrecht oder Prozessrechtsreform?

Wer durch ein Verbrechen geschädigt wird, ist an dessen strafrechtlicher Verarbeitung in aller Regel als Zeuge beteiligt. Diese Inanspruchnahme erscheint für den modernen Strafprozess als geradezu typisch. Dennoch sieht die gegenwärtige rechtspolitische Diskussion darin zugleich einen Anlass zur Sorge. Man fürchtet, das Opfer könnte im Zuge seiner Verfahrenseinbindung weiteren Schaden erleiden. So wird auch in der bundesdeutschen Debatte davon ausgegangen, dass es in der strafrechtlichen Hauptverhandlung bisweilen zu einer Verletzung der Opferzeugen komme, weshalb eine legislative Gegensteuerung notwendig sei. Entsprechende Initiativen stehen bis heute auf der Tagesordnung, wobei man sich nach einigen Prozessrechtsänderungen allerdings zunehmend darauf verlegt, eine unzureichende Wahrnehmung dieser neuen prozessualen Möglichkeiten zu monieren.
Subverting Eden: Ambiguity of Evil and the American Dream in Blue Velvet
Authors: Makarushka Irena 
Published: August 2007

In his early writing on language, truth, and art, Nietzsche notes that art “treats illusion as illusion; therefore it does not wish to deceive; it is true.” Insofar as art is an illusion whose only truth is that it is illusion, art is only true as a lie. When the illusion of art is mistaken for truth, art is destroyed. Nietzsche's observations about the truth of a work of art are instructive when considering the questions raised by postmodern artworks such as Blue Velvet, a film written and directed by David Lynch.As Lynch explores the consequences of mistaking illusion for truth in Blue Velvet, he offers a disquieting analysis of the American Dream, its icons, and the cultural idolatry that sustains it. With a degree of suspicion characteristic of postmodern interpretative strategies, Lynch examines the values that define the “American Way of Life” and provides evidence to challenge the truth claim of traditional notions of good and evil.
John Eliot and the Millennium*
Authors: Cogley Richard W. 
Published: August 2007

In 1643, twelve years after his arrival in Massachusetts Bay, John Eliot (1604-90), the Roxbury clergyman better known as the “Apostle to the Indians,” began to learn an Algonquian dialect in preparation for missionary work. After three years of study, he started to preach to the Indians in the colony. He continued to labor among them until the late 1680's, when his infirmity no longer permitted him to leave Roxbury. Over the course of these forty years, he attracted some eleven hundred Indians to the Christian faith, established fourteen reservations (“praying towns”) for his proselytes, and produced for Indians' use a number of Algonquian language works, including a translation of the Bible.During the past twenty-five years, Eliot's career has received considerable scholarly attention. In 1965 Alden Vaughan portrayed Eliot as a conscientious missionary whose objective was to spread “Christian civilization” among the Indians.
“Proclaiming Together”? Convergence and Divergence in Mainline and Evangelical Evangelism, 1945-1967
Authors: Berg Thomas C. 
Published: August 2007

By now, it is a commonplace of the American religious scene that the majority of the nation's white Protestant Christians are split into “two parties.” The ideological dividing line runs between “mainline” denominations—Methodists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians—and a bevy of conservative denominations and groups, but it also cuts through the mainline itself, which contains a substantial contingent of conservatives.Among the two parties' numerous disagreements, theological and political, few have run deeper and longer than their difference over the meaning and importance of evangelism, the activity of “proclaiming the gospel” to those outside the Christian community. Is the church's prime call in this regard to seek conversions to the Christian faith, or is it to show the love of Christ by working for charitable goals and social justice? A well-known 1973 study of Presbyterian clergy found that the greatest polarization between self-described “conservatives” and “liberals” came over the relative priority of evangelism and social action. Indeed, the fight over these goals was an important (though by no means the only) factor precipitating the “split” early in this century.