bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wound‐healing factors secreted by epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in skin substitutes
Authors: Spiekstra Sander W. , Breetveld Melanie , Rustemeyer Thomas , Scheper Rik J. , Gibbs Susan 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTFull‐skin substitutes, epidermal substitutes, and dermal substitutes are currently being used to heal deep burns and chronic ulcers. In this study, we investigated which wound‐healing mediators are released from these constructs and whether keratinocyte–fibroblast interactions are involved. Autologous skin substitutes were constructed from human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and acellular donor dermis. Full‐thickness skin was used to represent an autograft. Secretion of wound‐healing mediators was investigated by means of protein array, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, neutralizing antibodies, and conditioned culture supernatants. Full‐skin substitutes and autografts produce high amounts of inflammatory/angiogenic mediators (IL‐6, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8, and sST2). Epidermal and dermal substitutes produced less of these proteins. Epidermal‐derived proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were found to mediate synergistically the secretion of these wound‐healing mediators (with the exception of sST2) from fibroblasts in dermal substitutes. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1α, TNF‐α), chemokine/mitogen (CCL5) and angiogenic factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) by epidermal substitutes and tissue remodeling factors (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐2, hepatocyte growth factor) by dermal substitutes was not influenced by keratinocyte–fibroblast interactions. The full‐skin substitute has a greater potential to stimulate wound healing than epidermal or dermal substitutes. Both epidermal‐derived IL‐1α and TNF‐α are required to trigger the release of dermal‐derived inflammatory/angiogenic mediators from skin substitutes.
Keratinocyte regulation of TGF‐β and connective tissue growth factor expression: A role in suppression of scar tissue formation
Authors: Amjad Syed Basith , Carachi Robert , Edward Michael 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTAllogeneic keratinocytes applied to large full‐thickness wounds promote healing while suppressing scar tissue formation. This effect may be mediated in part by their effect on the levels of transforming growth factor‐βs (TGF‐βs) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the wound and subsequent modulation of fibroblast activity. We have examined the levels of TGF‐β and CTGF produced by keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the effect of keratinocyte‐conditioned medium using monolayer and living skin‐equivalent cultures. Keratinocyte monolayers did not release any detectable TGF‐β1, but released moderate levels of TGF‐β2 into culture medium, and stained strongly for TGF‐β1, but only weakly for TGF‐β2. Fibroblasts released large amounts of TGF‐β1, no TGF‐β2, and stained strongly for TGF‐β1. Neither cell type released TGF‐β3, but both stained strongly for TGF‐β3. Keratinocyte‐conditioned medium suppressed the levels of TGF‐βs and CTGF associated with the fibroblasts compared with fibroblasts incubated in Dulbecco's minimal essential medium and fibroblast‐conditioned medium. In living skin equivalents, keratinocytes stained very strongly for TGF‐β1 and CTGF, moderately strongly for TGF‐β3, and only weakly for TGF‐β2. Fibroblasts stained strongly for TGF‐β1 and 3 and CTGF. These observations suggest that keratinocytes may affect the TGF‐β profile in such a way as to suppress the formation of scar tissue.
Formation of eclogite, and reaction during exhumation to mid‐crustal levels, Snowbird tectonic zone, western Canadian Shield
Authors: BALDWIN J. A. , POWELL R. , WILLIAMS M. L. , GONCALVES P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA re‐evaluation of the P–T history of eclogite within the East Athabasca granulite terrane of the Snowbird tectonic zone, northern Saskatchewan, Canada was undertaken. Using calculated pseudosections in combination with new garnet–clinopyroxene and zircon and rutile trace element thermometry, peak metamorphic conditions are constrained to ∼16 kbar and 750 °C, followed by near‐isothermal decompression to ∼10 kbar. Associated with the eclogite are two types of occurrences of sapphirine‐bearing rocks preserving a rich variety of reaction textures that allow examination of the retrograde history below 10 kbar. The first occurs as a 1–2 m zone adjacent to the eclogite body with a peak assemblage of garnet–kyanite–quartz interpreted to have formed during the eclogite facies metamorphism. Rims of orthopyroxene and plagioclase developed around garnet, and sapphirine–plagioclase and spinel–plagioclase symplectites developed around kyanite. The second variety of sapphirine‐bearing rocks occurs in kyanite veins within the eclogite. The veins involve orthopyroxene, garnet and plagioclase layers spatially organized around a central kyanite layer that are interpreted to have formed following the eclogite facies metamorphism. The layering has itself been modified, with, in particular, kyanite being replaced by sapphirine–plagioclase, spinel–plagioclase and corundum–plagioclase symplectites, as well as the kyanite being replaced by sillimanite. Petrological modelling in the CFMAS system examining chemical potential gradients between kyanite and surrounding quartz indicates that these vein textures probably formed during further essentially isothermal decompression, ultimately reaching ∼7 kbar and 750 °C. These results indicate that the final reaction in these rocks occurred at mid‐crustal levels at upper amphibolite facies conditions. Previous geochronological and thermochronological constraints bracket the time interval of decompression to <5–10 Myr, indicating that ∼25 km of exhumation took place during this interval. This corresponds to minimum unroofing rates of ∼2–5 mm year−1 following eclogite facies metamorphism, after which the rocks resided at mid‐crustal levels for 80–100 Myr.
Ultrahigh‐pressure eclogite transformed from mafic granulite in the Dabie orogen, east‐central China
Authors: LIU Y.‐C. , LI S.‐G. , GU X.‐F. , XU S.‐T. , CHEN G.‐B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks are present in many collisional orogenic belts, almost all exposed UHP metamorphic rocks are subducted upper or felsic lower continental crust with minor mafic boudins. Eclogites formed by subduction of mafic lower continental crust have not been identified yet. Here an eclogite occurrence that formed during subduction of the mafic lower continental crust in the Dabie orogen, east‐central China is reported. At least four generations of metamorphic mineral assemblages can be discerned: (i) hypersthene + plagioclase ± garnet; (ii) omphacite + garnet + rutile + quartz; (iii) symplectite stage of garnet + diopside + hypersthene + ilmenite + plagioclase; (iv) amphibole + plagioclase + magnetite, which correspond to four metamorphic stages: (a) an early granulite facies, (b) eclogite facies, (c) retrograde metamorphism of high‐pressure granulite facies and (d) retrograde metamorphism of amphibolite facies. Mineral inclusion assemblages and cathodoluminescence images show that zircon is characterized by distinctive domains of core and a thin overgrowth rim. The zircon core domains are classified into two types: the first is igneous with clear oscillatory zonation ± apatite and quartz inclusions; and the second is metamorphic containing a granulite facies mineral assemblage of garnet, hypersthene and plagioclase (andesine). The zircon rims contain garnet, omphacite and rutile inclusions, indicating a metamorphic overgrowth at eclogite facies. The almost identical ages of the two types of core domains (magmatic = 791 ± 9 Ma and granulite facies metamorphic zircon = 794 ± 10 Ma), and the Triassic age (212 ± 10 Ma) of eclogitic facies metamorphic overgrowth zircon rim are interpreted as indicating that the protolith of the eclogite is mafic granulite that originated from underplating of mantle‐derived magma onto the base of continental crust during the Neoproterozoic (c. 800 Ma) and then subducted during the Triassic, experiencing UHP eclogite facies metamorphism at mantle depths. The new finding has two‐fold significance: (i) voluminous mafic lower continental crust can increase the average density of subducted continental lithosphere, thus promoting its deep subduction; (ii) because of the current absence of mafic lower continental crust in the Dabie orogen, delamination or recycling of subducted mafic lower continental crust can be inferred as the geochemical cause for the mantle heterogeneity and the unusually evolved crustal composition.
Morbidity associated with the use of foramen ovale electrodes
Authors: Pastor Jesús , Sola Rafael G. , Hernando‐Requejo Virgilio , Navarrete Eduardo G. , Pulido Paloma 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: The identification of the epileptic zone in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy sometimes requires intracranial recordings, for example, with foramen ovale electrodes (FOE). This paper reviews and analyzes the resulting complications in a series of patients studied with bilateral FOE for presurgical evaluation.
Methods: The clinical records of 331 consecutive FOE implantations in 329 patients were reviewed. Complications related to FOE were divided into two groups: those that were non–life‐threatening or not directly attributable to FOE, or life‐threatening complications and those clearly related to FOE.
Results: The mean length of hospital stay in the v‐EEG unit with FOE was 5.8 ± 0.2 days (range 1–19) following a bimodal distribution (peaks at 4 and 8 days). Complications were observed in 6.64% of patients, but in 4.83% of cases, complications were non–life‐threatening (moderate disaesthesia, cheek bleeding, FOE expulsion). Complications were only severe in 1.81% of patients (clotting or intracranial hemorrhage). One patient died more than 20 days after FOE removal and after several episodes of status epilepticus. Patients suffering from life‐threatening complications were more likely to be female (83.3%) than patients experiencing no complications or non–life‐threatening complications. Patients with life‐threatening complications had a more prolonged stay in the v‐EEG unit during monitoring with FOE (8.2 ± 0.7; n = 6) than the group without complications (5.7 ± 0.2; n = 309; p < 0.01; Kruskal–Wallis test).
Discussion: FOE is a reasonably safe intracranial technique for v‐EEG monitoring with low rates of potentially severe complications, but its indication should be carefully evaluated, especially if monitoring for more than 8 days is expected.
Intravenous lacosamide as replacement for oral lacosamide in patients with partial‐onset seizures
Authors: Biton Victor , Rosenfeld William E. , Whitesides John , Fountain Nathan B. , Vaiciene Nerija , Rudd G. David 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: This multicenter, double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized, inpatient trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous lacosamide as replacement for oral lacosamide in patients with partial‐onset seizures.
Methods: Patients were enrolled from an ongoing open‐label extension trial of oral lacosamide and randomized (2:1) to either intravenous lacosamide and oral placebo or intravenous placebo and oral lacosamide. During the 2‐day inpatient treatment period, patients received twice‐daily doses of lacosamide equivalent to their current daily dose of oral lacosamide. The first 30 patients enrolled received infusions with 60‐min durations and the next 30 received infusions with 30‐min durations.
Results: Of 60 patients randomized, 59 completed the trial. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (AEs) were reported by 16 patients and included dizziness, headache, back pain, somnolence, and injection site pain. The tolerability profile of intravenous lacosamide was consistent with that of oral lacosamide. All AEs were considered mild or moderate in intensity, and no serious AEs or AEs leading to withdrawal were reported.
Conclusions: Intravenous lacosamide, administered as 60‐ or 30‐min twice‐daily infusions, showed a similar safety and tolerability profile to oral lacosamide when used as replacement therapy. Results from this trial support further investigation of intravenous lacosamide at shorter infusion durations.
Ictal scalp EEG recording during sleep and wakefulness: Diagnostic implications for seizure localization and lateralization
Authors: Buechler Robbie D. , Rodriguez Alcibiades J. , Lahr Brian D. , So Elson L. 
Published: September 2007

Summary To determine the localizing value of electroencephalography (EEG) for seizures during sleep versus seizures during wakefulness, we compared scalp EEG for 58 seizures that occurred during sleep with 76 seizures during wake in 28 consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Regression analysis showed that seizures during sleep are 2.5 times more likely to have focal EEG onset (p = 0.01) and 4 times more likely to correctly localize seizure onset (p = 0.04) than seizures during wake. EEG seizure onset preceded clinical onset by a longer duration in sleep seizures (mean, 4.69 s) than in wake seizures (mean, 1.23 s; p < 0.01). Sleep seizures showed fewer artifacts, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.07). For temporal lobectomy candidates undergoing video‐EEG monitoring, the recording of seizures during sleep may be favored.
From lateral to mesial: The quest for a surgical cure for temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: De Almeida Antonio Nogueira , Teixeira Manoel Jacoben , Feindel William Howard 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: A gap of more than a hundred years occurred between the first accounts of mesial temporal sclerosis and recognition of its role in the pathogenesis of psychomotor seizures. This paper reviews how the understanding and surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy developed, particularly from the work of Penfield, Jasper, and their associates at the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI).
Methods: Publications on EEG and surgery for temporal lobe seizures from 1935 to 1953 were reviewed and charts of selected patients operated on at the MNI in the same period were examined. Attention was focused on the evolution of surgical techniques for temporal lobe epilepsy.
Results: In the late 1930s, some EEG findings suggested deep‐lying disturbances originating in the temporal lobe. However, it took another two decades before the correlation of clinical, neurophysiological, and anatomical findings provided evidence for the involvement of the mesial structures in psychomotor or temporal lobe seizures. From 1949 and onward, Penfield and his associates applied this evidence to extend the surgical resections to include the uncus and the hippocampus.
Conclusion: The collaborative work of a team led by Penfield and Jasper at the MNI helped to define the role of neurophysiological studies in epilepsy surgery. As a result, the importance of removing the mesial structures in order to obtain better seizure control in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy became firmly established.
Childhood occipital epilepsy of Gastaut: A study of 33 patients
Authors: Caraballo Roberto Horacio , Cersósimo Ricardo Oscar , Fejerman Natalio 
Published: September 2007

SummaryPurpose:To characterize the electroclinical features and evolution of childhood occipital epilepsy of Gastaut (COE‐G).Methods:Children with electroclinical criteria of COE‐G were retrospectively identified and followed‐up clinically, and with sleep and awake EEGs between 1990 and 2007.Results:We identified 33 patients with COE‐G. In the same length of time, 201 children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome and 410 children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes were registered. COE‐G had a peak age at onset of 8.5 years. Visual manifestations were the most common ictal event. Ictal deviation of the eyes was frequent. Approximately half of the patients had migraine‐like symptoms. In all patients the seizures occurred while awake, and 11 also had seizures during sleep. The majority of the patients had occipital spike‐wave discharges when the eyes were closed that disappeared or attenuated when the eyes were opened. Prognosis was excellent in 80% of the cases.Conclusion:This study confirms the existence of COE‐G, a rare but well‐defined syndrome within the group of idiopathic focal epilepsies in childhood.
Consequences of antiepileptic drug withdrawal: A randomized, double‐blind study (Akershus Study)
Authors: Lossius Morten Ingvar , Hessen Erik , Mowinckel Petter , Stavem Knut , Erikssen Jan , Gulbrandsen Paal , Gjerstad Leif 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Objective: Despite side effects associated with the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), withdrawal of AEDs remains controversial, even after prolonged seizure freedom. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of AED withdrawal on cognitive functions, seizure relapse, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and EEG results. Additionally, potential predictors for freedom from seizures after AED withdrawal were studied.
Methods: Patients, seizure‐free for more than 2 years on AED monotherapy, were recruited for a controlled, prospective, randomized, double‐blinded withdrawal study lasting for 12 months, or until seizure relapse. Patients were randomized to AED withdrawal (n = 79) and nonwithdrawal (n = 81) groups. The examination program included clinical neurological examinations, neuropsychological testing, EEG‐recordings, cerebral MRI, and assessments of HRQOL. Follow‐up data on seizure relapse were also collected beyond the 12‐month study period (median 47 months).
Results: Seizure relapse at 12 months occurred in 15% of the withdrawal group and 7% of the nonwithdrawal group (RR 2.46; 95% CI: 0.85–7.08; p = 0.095). After withdrawal, seizure relapse rates were 27% after a median of 41 months off medication. A normal result to all 15 neuropsychological tests increased significantly from 11% to 28% postwithdrawal. We found no significant effects of withdrawal on quality of life and EEG. Predictors for remaining seizure‐free after AED‐withdrawal over 1 year were normal neurological examination and use of carbamazepine prior to withdrawal.
Conclusion: Seizure‐free epilepsy patients on AED monotherapy who taper their medication may improve neuropsychological performance with a relative risk of seizure relapse of 2.46, compared to those continuing therapy.
Evaluation of an algorithm based on peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cell and CD34+ cell concentrations to optimize peripheral blood progenitor cell collection by apheresis
Authors: Lefrère François , Zohar Sarah , Beaudier Sandrine , Audat Françoise , Ribeil Jean‐Antoine , Ghez David , Varet Bruno , Cavazzana‐Calvo Marina , Cortivo Liliane Dal , Letestu Rémi , McIntyre Elizabeth , Brouzes Chantal 
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND: Quantification of peripheral blood (PB) CD34+ cells is commonly used to plan peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) collection but is time‐consuming. Sysmex has developed a hematology analyzer that can quickly identify a population of immature hematopoietic cells (HPCs) according to cell size, cell density, and differential lysis resistance, which may indicate the presence of PBPCs in PB. This prospective study has evaluated the potential of such method to predict the PBPC mobilization.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 141 patients underwent PBPC mobilization. PB HPCs and PB CD34+ cells were simultaneously quantified with a hematology analyzer (SE2100, Sysmex) and flow cytometry, respectively. The number of blood volumes processed was then based on PB CD34+ cell concentration.RESULTS: The optimal PB HPC level able to predict a minimal level of 10 × 106 PB CD34+ cells per L was 5 × 106 per L with positive and negative predictive values of 0.93 and 0.36 percent, respectively. For this cutoff point, sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 and 0.65, respectively. The median number of blood volumes processed according to the PB CD34+ cell count allowed us to perform only one apheresis procedure for a majority of patients.CONCLUSION: PB HPC quantification is very useful to quickly determine the initiation of PBPC apheresis especially for patients with higher concentrations. For patients exhibiting a lower HPC count (<5 × 106/L), other parameters such as a CD34 test may be needed. Such a policy associated with a length of apheresis adapted to the richness in the PB CD34+ cells allows for optimizing the organization of centers with an improvement in patient comfort and economical savings.
Evaluation of bacterial inactivation in prestorage pooled, leukoreduced, whole blood–derived platelet concentrates suspended in plasma prepared with photochemical treatment
Authors: Brecher Mark E. , Hay Shauna , Corash Laurence , Hsu Jocelyn , Lin Lily 
Published: September 2007

BACKGROUND: Photochemical treatment (PCT) with amotosalen and ultraviolet light was developed to inactivate pathogens in platelet (PLT) components suspended in 35 percent plasma and 65 percent additive solution (AS). Because PLT additive solutions (ASs) are not used in the United States, this study evaluated the ability of the PCT process to inactivate low levels of bacteria in pooled whole blood–derived PLTs (RDP) suspended in 100 percent plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Four replicate experiments were performed with two Gram‐positive organisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and two Gram‐negative organisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. For each experiment, 6 ABO‐identical RDP units were pooled, leukoreduced before or after pooling, inoculated to approximately 1 to 10 colony‐forming units per mL with plasma‐resistant bacteria, and treated with the PCT process. Residual viable bacterial levels were measured before and after each step and 4 and 6 days after inoculation. For each bacterium studied, a fifth RDP pool was prepared and contaminated, but not treated. These units served as controls for bacterial growth.RESULTS: Growth of S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae was eliminated in all four treated pools while growth continued in the control pools. There was no growth of E. coli in the treated pools and the control pool.CONCLUSION: These pilot experiments demonstrate inactivation of bacteria in PLTs suspended in plasma, suggesting that the PCT process may address contamination in conventional RDPs. Additional experiments with a wider range of bacteria and evaluation of PLT function in 100 percent plasma will be needed before implementation.