bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tendinous and Ligamentous Derangements in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: SIERRA-JIMENEZ GABRIELA , SANCHEZ-ORTIZ ADRIANA , ACEVES-AVILA FRANCISCO JAVIER , HERNANDEZ-RIOS GUILLERMO , DURÁN-BARRAGÁN SERGIO , RAMOS-REMUS CESAR 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveWe assessed the prevalence of selected clinical and radiological features of tendinous and ligamentous derangements in a consecutive sample of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsConsecutive patients with SLE with no comorbidities attending a tertiary care center were prospectively assessed and underwent plain radiographic evaluation of the pelvis. Radiographs were analyzed by 2 blinded observers; radiographic sacroiliitis was graded 0 to IV. To better assess sacroiliac (SI) involvement, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the SI joints was performed in patients with grade III sacroiliitis. Hip joints and pubis were also assessed as described.ResultsOf the 192 included patients, 89% were female, mean age was 36 years, and mean disease duration was 10 years. Inflammatory low back pain was reported by 10% of patients. Sacroiliitis of any grade was observed in 31 patients (16%), and grade III (confirmed on CT scan) sacroiliitis was observed in 6% (95% CI 3% to 9%). Osteitis pubis was diagnosed in 6% (95% CI 3% to 10%) and coxofemoral migration in 8% (95% CI 2% to 9%). Jaccoud’s arthropathy was found in 23%. Demographic and clinical variables were not statistically associated with radiographic sacroiliitis.ConclusionSacroiliitis and other tendinous and ligamentous derangements are not uncommon in patients with SLE. Based on these features and on previous reports, the term “SLE-related tendinous and ligamentous derangements” may be used to establish a common framework for further research and reporting.
An Angiogenesis Inhibitor, 2-Methoxyestradiol, Involutes Rat Collagen-Induced Arthritis and Suppresses Gene Expression of Synovial Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor
Authors: BRAHN ERNEST , BANQUERIGO MONA L. , LEE JOHN K. , PARK EUN J. , FOGLER WILLIAM E. , PLUM STACY M. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) pannus may be dependent on angiogenesis and several critical growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an endogenous metabolite with low estrogen receptor affinity, has both antiangiogenic and antiproliferative activity. 2ME2 was assessed in the rat collagen- induced arthritis (CIA) model to determine if it could prevent or involute established synovitis.MethodsRats were immunized on Day 0 with collagen and randomized to a vehicle control or two 2ME2 prevention arms. In additional studies, multiple parallel treatment arms were initiated at Day 10 after arthritis onset.Results2ME2 in preventive protocols at 30 or 100 mg/kg significantly delayed the onset and reduced the severity of clinical and radiographic CIA. In established CIA, oral 2ME2 at 50 mg/kg/bid, 100 mg/kg/day, and 300 mg/kg/day reduced severity compared to vehicle controls. Efficacy of 2ME2 delivery by osmotic pumps at 60 mg/kg/day was equivalent to 300 mg/kg/day by daily gavage. The 3 oral treatment protocols all significantly reduced radiographic scores in a dose-dependent fashion, with the greatest benefit at 300 mg/kg. 2ME2 showed marked suppression of synovial gene expression of proangiogenic bFGF and VEGF, with parallel reduction of synovial blood vessels. Serum antibody levels to native type II collagen were not reduced, suggesting that 2ME2 did not influence humoral immunity.ConclusionOur results indicate that 2ME2 may represent a novel agent for the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as RA.
Liver Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Case Review of 40 Patients
Authors: CHOWDHARY VAIDEHI R. , CROWSON CYNTHIA S. , POTERUCHA JOHN J. , MODER KEVIN G. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveSubclinical liver involvement is frequent in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We sought to determine the presence of endstage liver disease in patients with SLE.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective chart review of our cohort of patients with SLE. Endstage liver disease was defined as presence or development of cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or hepatic encephalopathy.ResultsForty patients with liver enzyme abnormalities were identified. Major clinical diagnostic groups were drug-induced (n = 4), viral hepatitis (hepatitis B or C and cytomegalovirus; n = 8), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; n = 8), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH; n = 6), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC; n = 3), and miscellaneous [n = 11; liver involvement from infection (2), cryptogenic cirrhosis (2), lymphoma (1), and indeterminate (6)]. There were no differences in mean age, total and direct bilirubin, or aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels. Alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in the miscellaneous group. Biopsies were performed in 20 patients and showed changes of NAFLD (n = 5), AIH (n = 4), PBC (n = 3), hepatitis C (n = 3), and cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 2), and 1 each with phenytoin-induced liver injury, hepatic granulomas due to systemic candidiasis, and lymphomatous involvement of the liver. The median followup was 44 months (range 10–576). The estimated 5-year serious liver disease-free survival was 93% (95% confidence interval 84%–100%). Eight patients died. Mortality was not directly related to liver disease in any patient.ConclusionComplications of portal hypertension, cirrhosis, and hepatic encephalopathy are rare manifestations of SLE unless coexistent liver disease such as NAFLD, viral hepatitis, or AIH is present.
Influence of HLA-B*5703 and HLA-B*1403 on Susceptibility to Spondyloarthropathies in the Zambian Population
Authors: DÍAZ-PEÑA ROBERTO , BLANCO-GELAZ MIGUEL ANGEL , NJOBVU PANGANANI , LÓPEZ-VAZQUEZ ANTONIO , SUÁREZ-ÁLVAREZ BEATRIZ , LÓPEZ-LARREA CARLOS 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo analyze the distribution of HLA-B alleles and to investigate their contribution in the susceptibility to spondyloarthropathies (SpA) in a sample population from Zambia, in order to determine a relationship between some HLA-B alleles and development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), reactive arthritis (ReA), or undifferentiated SpA (uSpA).MethodsWe selected 72 patients with SpA and found that 46 had uSpA, 23 ReA, and 3AS.We also selected 92 matched controls; 55 of these had human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) infection.ResultsWe found a significant increase in the rate of uSpA and ReA with features of Reiter’s syndrome (RS) in HIV-positive individuals who carried the HLA-B*5703 allele (pc < 0.0001 and pc < 0.001, respectively). Among the significant new findings identified were the presence of B*1403 in 2 of the 3 AS patients (pc < 0.05, OR 47), confirming previous data in the Togolese population.ConclusionThe presence of B*5703 and HIV infection may not affect susceptibility to AS and ReA, but they do show an important influence in uSpA and RS. Our findings confirm that HLA-B* 1403 is the only factor to increase the risk of AS in a sub-Saharan African population, whereas HLA-B27 was virtually absent in patients with AS.
Upregulation of Myxovirus-resistance Protein A: A Possible Marker of Type I Interferon Induction in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: AIRÒ PAOLO , GHIDINI CLAUDIA , ZANOTTI CINZIA , SCARSI MIRKO , CATTANEO ROBERTO , CAIMI LUIGI , IMBERTI LUISA 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo examine whether myxovirus-resistance protein A (MxA) mRNA expression, commonly considered a reliable marker of Type I interferon (IFN) bioactivity, is modified in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc); if it is associated to specific clinical features; and if its modulation is accompanied by modulation of mRNA for the Type I IFN receptor (IFNAR).MethodsQuantification of mRNA for MxA and the subunit IFNAR1 and isoforms of IFNAR2 was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 50 patients with SSc. Results were compared with those obtained from healthy controls and patients with another autoimmune disease such as multiple sclerosis.ResultsLevels of MxA mRNA above the 99th percentile of values found in healthy controls were observed in 9 out of 50 patients with SSc (p < 0.001). Induced MxA expression was significantly associated with some features of more severe disease, such as lower forced vital capacity and the presence of ischemic digital ulcers. No differences in the levels of IFNAR were found within MxA-induced and MxA-non-induced patients, but there was a direct correlation between levels of MxA and the soluble isoform of IFNAR2.ConclusionOur results show induction of MxA expression in some patients with SSc, which correlates with the presence of ischemic ulcers and other signs of worse disease, suggesting a potential role of Type I IFN in the pathogenesis of this disease and/or its complications.
The explosion of narratives and the multiplication of readings
Authors: Martín-Barbero Jesús 
Published: November 2008

Multicultural society today is much more than just ethnic diversity. It is important to recognize that heterogeneity is composed by a wide array of factors such as literacy, oralities and audiovisual and digital culture. This article argues that current technocultural transformations in communication can alter the persistent monopolic hierarchies of public expression and thought. These transformations in turn are allowing individuals and communities, especially in Latin America, to introduce everyday oral, sound and visual cultures into new languages and new writings that give substance to contemporary communicational ecosystems.
Reconociendo que una sociedad multicultural hoy es mucho más que una mera diversidad étnica, una heterogeneidad compuesta por la cultura letrada, las oralidades, la cultura audiovisual y la digital, en este texto se sostiene que las actuales transformaciones tecnoculturales de la comunicación, al trastocar las aún persistentes jerarquías y monopolios de la expresión y el conocimiento, están posibilitando a los individuos y a las colectividades, sobre todo latinoamericanas, insertar sus cotidianas culturas orales, sonoras y visuales en los nuevos lenguajes y las nuevas escrituras que sustancian los ecosistemas comunicacionales contemporáneos.
Foreign film and television consumption and appropriation by Latin American audiences
Authors: Lozano-Rendón José Carlos 
Published: November 2008

Empirical research on patterns of consumption and appropriation of foreign television and film on Mexican audiences in particular, and Latin American audiences in general, are scarce despite the long tradition of cultural imperialism and supply of foreign content studies. This article discusses the tendency of Latin American culturalists to avoid the study of the ideological readings of foreign audiovisual messages, and reviews the relevance of proposals like «cultural proximity» as a tool for understanding Mexican and Latin American audience’s patterns of television consumption.Los estudios empíricos de recepción sobre los patrones de consumo y apropiación de cine y televisión extranjera por parte de las audiencias mexicanas, en particular, y latinoamericanas, en general, son casi inexistentes a pesar de la larga tradición del imperialismo cultural y los diagnósticos de oferta que han proliferado en los últimos años. Este artículo discute la tendencia de los culturalistas latinoamericanos a no estudiar directamente las lecturas ideológicas de los mensajes audiovisuales extranjeros, y revisa la utilidad de propuestas como la de la «proximidad cultural» en tanto herramientas para entender los patrones de consumo televisivo de las audiencias mexicanas y de América Latina en general.
The audio-visual regulation: the arguments for and against
Authors: Sopena-Palomar Jordi 
Published: November 2008

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the audio-visual regulation and assesses the different arguments for and against the existence of the broadcasting authorities at the state level. The debate of the necessity of a Spanish organism of regulation is still active. Most of the European countries have created some competent authorities, like the OFCOM in United Kingdom and the CSA in France. In Spain, the broadcasting regulation is developed by regional organisms, like the Consejo Audiovisual de Navarra, the Consejo Audiovisual de Andalucía and the Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya (CAC), whose case is also studied in this article.
El artículo analiza la efectividad de la regulación audiovisual y valora los diversos argumentos a favor y en contra de la existencia de consejos reguladores a nivel estatal. El debate sobre la necesidad de un organismo de este calado en España todavía persiste. La mayoría de los países comunitarios se han dotado de consejos competentes en esta materia, como es el caso del OFCOM en el Reino Unido o el CSA en Francia. En España, la regulación audiovisual se limita a organismos de alcance autonómico, como son el Consejo Audiovisual de Navarra, el de Andalucía y el Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya (CAC), cuyo modelo también es abordado en este artículo.
The newsombudsman as an instrument for media education
Authors: Herrera-Damas Susana 
Published: November 2008

Everybody agrees. Although we lived in the so-called Information Society, traditional systems do not enable people to make a critical consumption of mass media. For that reason, the traditional spaces must be completed by the intervention of other actors. One of them is the newsombudsman. The aim of this article is to describe the singularity of this mechanism and to specify his instruments in his educational task.
Ya casi nadie lo duda. A pesar de que vivimos en la denominada «sociedad de la información », muchas veces los sistemas tradicionales no capacitan a la audiencia para que realice un consumo crítico de los medios. Por eso, los espacios tradicionales deben ser completados por la intervención de otros actores. Uno de ellos es el defensor de la audiencia. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la singularidad de este mecanismo y especificar los instrumentos de los que dispone en su tarea formativa.
Digital literacy: full control of pen drive and mouse
Authors: Moreno-Rodríguez María Dolores 
Published: November 2008

Digital literacy (DA) is a second literacy which makes us reorganize competences already acquired. It is necessary because of the increasing presence of technology at every social sphere. That is why AD promotes learning in all the new technology languages. A process which has to reach all the strata and social groups to avoid the discrimination of people who were born before the spread of CIT (communication and information technologies) which are now used and who lack the skills for their use and possibilities. Nevertherless, we can´t forget the guiding needs of the new digital generations which use technologies without any criteria and in a little reflexive way because they lack a previous learning process.
La alfabetización digital (AD) es una segunda alfabetización que nos lleva a reorganizar competencias ya adquiridas y que se hace necesaria a raíz de la creciente presencia de la tecnología en todos los ámbitos sociales. De ahí que la AD promueva el aprendizaje de los lenguajes propios de las nuevas tecnologías, un proceso que ha de alcanzar a todos los estamentos y colectivos sociales para evitar la discriminación de cuantos nacieron antes que las TIC (tecnologías de la información y la comunicación) cuyo uso ahora se impone y que carecen de destrezas sobre su utilización y potencialidades. Tampoco podemos olvidar las necesidades orientativas de las nuevas generaciones digitales que utilizan las tecnologías de manera acrítica y poco reflexiva porque carecen de un aprendizaje previo.
Transverse readings: how to build critical audiences
Authors: Aguilar-González Luz Rugenia 
Published: November 2008

The main point in this article is to discuss the development of the critical reception. The method establishes an analysis of the codes and cultural sources of a specific television show, (that analysis understood as transverse readings), to identify the intertextualities in the show. The purpose is to develop the intertextual competence and the critical vision of the children. The main goal is to make children acquire a critical capacity that enables them to criticize the consumption, the rejection or the interpretation of different television shows.En el presente artículo se realiza una propuesta para el desarrollo de la recepción crítica. El método propone que, por medio del análisis de los códigos y fuentes culturales de un programa televisivo determinado (lo que se entiende como lecturas transversales), se identifiquen las intertextualidades presentes en el mismo. La finalidad es desarrollar la competencia intertextual y la visión crítica de los niños. Ello puede contribuir a que los niños adquieran elementos para que puedan fundamentar críticamente el consumo, el rechazo o la interpretación compleja de programas de televisión.
Children programmes and sensationalist TV: entertaining, misinforming, miseducating
Authors: Digón-Regueiro Patricia 
Published: November 2008

Children television in Spain is closely bound to the widespread commercial TV model. The analysis of children programmes broadcast in a regional channel of Spanish public television allows us to see not only the scarce investment for children programmes, but also the inclusion of some contents and values which could be considered as inappropriate from an educational viewpoint.
El panorama de la televisión para niños en España está estrechamente vinculado al modelo comercial de TV imperante. El análisis de programas infantiles emitidos en un canal autonómico de la televisión pública española permite observar, no sólo la poca inversión realizada en los programas destinados al público infantil, sino la inclusión de toda una serie de contenidos y valores que se podrían considerar como poco adecuados desde un punto de vista educativo.
The critical education of young people about TV: countries in northern and central Europe
Authors: Clarembeaux Michel 
Published: November 2008

The main goal of this work is to analyze the education of young people about TV in non-Mediterranean European countries, especially devoted to the French community of Belgium. The author analyzes TV educational policy (not only from but also for young people) to help new generations acquire a new kind of media autonomy and the necessary maturity to replace compelling intake by intelligent and reflective consumption of their media habits.
La situación de la educación de los jóvenes con respecto a la televisión en ciertos países de la Europa no mediterránea es el eje central de este trabajo, centrado especialmente en el estudio en la comunidad francesa de Bélgica. El autor, tras la descripción, pretende diseñar una política de educación televisiva, ya desde los jóvenes, ya para los jóvenes, con el objeto de ayudar a las nuevas generaciones a que adquieran un nuevo tipo de autonomía mediática y una madurez que les permita reemplazar el consumo compulsivo por una gestión inteligente y reflexiva de sus hábitos mediáticos.
Reality construction by Spanish infancy across TV consumption
Authors: del-Río-Pereda Pablo , del-Río-Álvarez Miguel 
Published: November 2008

This paper presents the preliminary exposition and results of a feasibility project for an Observatory of Consumption of Infantile Television that contributes with indexes of evolutionary impact (developmental ratings) of diverse contents, taking part in the television diet of Spanish children. The model of analysis has developed indicators about 7 evolutionary dimensions relative to the imagery representation and to the orientation in the symbolic reality. This model has been applied in a pilot stage to a limited but significant sample (the 10 and the 30 most seen programs by 4, 7, and 12-year-old Spanish children), as well as to the most seen advertising. The provisional results allow us to establish certain features of the situation of the audio-visual diet and the orientation of the imagery representation.
Aportar índices de impacto evolutivo de los diversos contenidos que componen la dieta televisiva del niño español es el objetivo del futuro «Observatorio de la Dieta Televisiva Infantil». Para ello se ha desarrollado un modelo de análisis con indicadores agrupados en 7 dimensiones evolutivas relativos al imaginario y a la orientación en la realidad simbólica de los niños y niñas. Aplicado en una etapa piloto con una muestra reducida pero significativa (los 10 y los 30 programas más vistos por los niños españoles de 4, 7 y 12 años), los resultados provisionales permiten establecer ciertos rasgos de la situación de la dieta audiovisual y su orientación del imaginario infantil.
‘Communicative Frenzy’ as disinformation
Authors: de-Pablos-Coello José Manuel 
Published: November 2008

Frenzy journalism involves a determined endeavour to take active part in the subsequent future and development of an event: a journal introduces a topic for several days. This media frenzy undermines objectivity and professionalism in favour of the ideological and financial interests of the economic enterprise. The author here studies the role of the Spanish journal El País during eight days in May 2007 when a Venezuelan TV station did not obtain the broadcast license renewal.Cuando un medio introduce en su agenda un tema de forma llamativa y monocorde durante varios días, con un alto despliegue de medios, recursos tecnológicos y personas, estamos ante lo que ya técnicamente se conoce en la literatura científica como ‘frenesí periodístico’. La objetividad y variedad informativa da paso al monotema, muchas veces empujado por intereses políticos, empresariales o simplemente de oportunidad. El autor estudia el caso de la intervención del diario «El País» durante ocho días de mayo de 2007, cuando una emisora venezolana de televisión no logró renovar la licencia administrativa para hacer uso del espectro público.
Imaging of Oxygen‐Containing Groups on Walls of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Pumera Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA method for highly precise and high‐resolution imaging and location of oxygen‐containing groups on the walls of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. The soft‐chemistry approach is used by means of tagging oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of CNTs with EuIII through coordinate covalent bonds. EuIII ions bonded to oxygen‐containing groups are observed by high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning TEM.magnified image
Enzymatic Polymerization of Phosphonate Nucleosides
Authors: Renders Marleen , Lievrouw Roel , Krecmerová Marcela , Holý Antonin , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: November 2008

Abstract5′‐O‐Phosphonomethyl‐2′‐deoxyadenosine (PMdA) proved to be a good substrate of the Therminator polymerase. In this article, we investigated whether the A, C, T and U analogues of this phosphonate nucleoside (PMdN) series can function as substrates of natural DNA polymerases. PMdT and PMdU could only be polymerized enzymatically to a limited extent. Nevertheless, PMdA and PMdC could be incorporated into a DNA duplex with complete chain elongation by all the DNA polymerases tested. A mixed sequence of four nucleotides containing modified C, T and A residues could be obtained with the Vent(exo−) and Therminator polymerases. The kinetic values for the incorporation of PMdA by Vent(exo−) polymerase were determined; a reduced KM value was found for the incorporation of PMdA compared to the natural substrate. Future polymerase directed evolution studies will allow us to select an enzyme with a heightened capacity to process these modified DNA building blocks into modified strands.