bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary proteins potentially derived from horizontal gene transfer are critical for salivary sheath formation and other feeding processes
Authors: Huang Hai-Jian , Li Li-Li , Ye Zhuang-Xin , Lu Jia-Bao , Lou Yi-Han , Wei Zhong-Yan , Sun Zong-Tao , Chen Jian-Ping , Li Jun-Min , Zhang Chuan-Xi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerbivorous insects employ an array of salivary proteins to aid feeding. However, the mechanisms behind the recruitment and evolution of these genes to mediate plant-insect interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we report a potential horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event from bacteria to an ancestral bug of Eutrichophora. The acquired genes subsequently underwent duplications and evolved through co-option. We annotated them as horizontal-transferred, Eutrichophora-specific salivary protein (HESPs) according to their origin and function. In Riptortus pedestris (Coreoidea), all nine HESPs are secreted into plants during feeding. The RpHESP4 to RpHESP8 are recently duplicated and found to be indispensable for salivary sheath formation. Silencing of RpHESP4-8 increases the difficulty of R. pedestris in probing the soybean, and the treated insects display a decreased survivability. Although silencing the other RpHESPs does not affect the salivary sheath formation, negative effects are also observed. In Pyrrhocoris apterus (Pyrrhocoroidea), five out of six PaHESPs are secretory salivary proteins, with PaHESP3 being critical for insect survival. The PaHESP5, while important for insects, no longer functions as a salivary protein. Our results provide insight into the potential origin of insect saliva and shed light on the evolution of salivary proteins.
Move the night way: how can physical activity facilitate adaptation to shift work?
Authors: Easton Dayna F. , Gupta Charlotte C. , Vincent Grace E. , Ferguson Sally A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractShift work, involving night work, leads to impaired sleep, cognition, health and wellbeing, and an increased risk of occupational incidents. Current countermeasures include circadian adaptation to phase shift circadian biomarkers. However, evidence of real-world circadian adaptation is found primarily in occupations where light exposure is readily controlled. Despite this, non-photic adaptation to shift work remains under researched. Other markers of shift work adaptation exist (e.g., improvements in cognition and wellbeing outcomes) but are relatively unexplored. Timeframes for shift work adaptation involve changes which occur over a block of shifts, or over a shift working career. We propose an additional shift work adaptation timeframe exists which encompasses acute within shift changes in markers of adaptation. We also propose that physical activity might be an accessible and cost-effective countermeasure that could influence multiple markers of adaptation across three timeframes (Within Shift, Within Block, Within Work-span). Finally, practical considerations for shift workers, shift work industries and future research are identified.
Fiber optic computing using distributed feedback
Authors: Redding Brandon , Murray Joseph B. , Hart Joseph D. , Zhu Zheyuan , Pang Shuo S. , Sarma Raktim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe widespread adoption of machine learning and other matrix intensive computing algorithms has renewed interest in analog optical computing, which has the potential to perform large-scale matrix multiplications with superior energy scaling and lower latency than digital electronics. However, most optical techniques rely on spatial multiplexing, requiring a large number of modulators and detectors, and are typically restricted to performing a single kernel convolution operation per layer. Here, we introduce a fiber-optic computing architecture based on temporal multiplexing and distributed feedback that performs multiple convolutions on the input data in a single layer. Using Rayleigh backscattering in standard single mode fiber, we show that this technique can efficiently apply a series of random nonlinear projections to the input data, facilitating a variety of computing tasks. The approach enables efficient energy scaling with orders of magnitude lower power consumption than GPUs, while maintaining low latency and high data-throughput.
Verification of ultrafast spin transfer effects in iron-nickel alloys
Authors: Möller Christina , Probst Henrike , Jansen G. S. Matthijs , Schumacher Maren , Brede Mariana , Dewhurst John Kay , Reutzel Marcel , Steil Daniel , Sharma Sangeeta , Mathias Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe optical intersite spin transfer (OISTR) effect was recently verified in Fe50Ni50 using extreme ultraviolet magneto-optical Kerr measurements. However, one of the main experimental signatures analyzed in this work, namely a magnetic moment increase at a specific energy in Ni, was subsequently found also in pure Ni, where no transfer from one element to another is possible. Hence, it is a much-discussed issue whether OISTR in FeNi alloys is real and whether it can be verified experimentally or not. Here, we present a comparative study of spin transfer in Fe50Ni50, Fe19Ni81 and pure Ni. We conclusively show that an increase in the magneto-optical signal is indeed insufficient to verify OISTR. However, we also show how an extended data analysis overcomes this problem and allows to unambiguously identify spin transfer effects. Concomitantly, our work solves the long-standing riddle about the origin of delayed demagnetization behavior of Ni in FeNi alloys.
Collective non-Hermitian skin effect: point-gap topology and the doublon-holon excitations in non-reciprocal many-body systems
Authors: Kim Beom Hyun , Han Jae-Ho , Park Moon Jip 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOpen quantum systems provide a plethora of exotic topological phases of matter that have no Hermitian counterpart. Non-Hermitian skin effect, macroscopic collapse of bulk states to the boundary, has been extensively studied in various experimental platforms. However, it remains an open question whether such topological phases persist in the presence of many-body interactions. Previous studies have shown that the Pauli exclusion principle suppresses the skin effect. In this study, we present a counterexample by demonstrating the presence of the skin effect in doublon-holon excitations. While the ground state of the spin-half Hatano-Nelson model shows no skin effect, the doublon-holon pairs, as its collective excitations, display the many-body skin effect even in strong coupling limit. We establish the robustness of this effect by revealing a bulk-boundary correspondence mediated by the point gap topology within the many-body energy spectrum. Our findings underscore the existence of non-Hermitian topological phases in collective excitations of many-body interacting systems.
Trees on smallholder farms and forest restoration are critical for Rwanda to achieve net zero emissions
Authors: Mugabowindekwe Maurice , Brandt Martin , Mukuralinda Athanase , Ciais Philippe , Reiner Florian , Kariryaa Ankit , Igel Christian , Chave Jérôme , Mertz Ole , Hiernaux Pierre , Tong Xiaoye , Rwanyiziri Gaspard , Gominski Dimitri , Li Sizhuo , Liu Siyu , Gasangwa Ivan , Hategekimana Yves , Ndoli Alain , Nduwamungu Jean , Saatchi Sassan , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLandscape restoration initiatives are mainly focusing on forest regeneration and agroforestry, especially in the Global South. However, due to a lack of monitoring tools, the carbon balance of restoration efforts remains poorly quantified. Here, we use satellite images from 2008 and 2019 to calculate carbon stocks for individual trees in Rwanda, a country which has been actively engaged in restoration activities over the past decade. We show that smallholder farmers on average planted about 3 trees per farm during 2008–2019, contributing about 50.4 million new trees at the national scale. The overall C sink of the new farmland trees was 0.13 Megagrams of Carbon per hectare per year, which is 6 times lower than gains observed from restoration of degraded forests (0.76 Megagrams of Carbon per hectare per year). If national greenhouse gas emissions remain at the level of 2019, agroforestry (~61% of national area coverage) and continued restoration of degraded natural forests (~0.5% of national area coverage) have the potential to offset about 80% of the national emissions before 2050. Our work monitors and quantifies progress and impact of landscape restoration projects and outlines a pathway to engage smallholder farmers with a limited number of on-farm trees into the expanding carbon market.
EuIII and TbIII upconversion intermediated by interparticle energy transfer in functionalized NaLnF4 nanoparticles
Authors: Nunes Coelho Sergio Fernando , Bispo-Jr Airton Germano , de Oliveira Nagyla Alves , Mazali Italo Odone , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido 
Published: March 2024

EuIII and/or TbIII upconversion emission mediated by interparticle energy transfer (IPET) between donor (NaGdF4:YbIII:TmIII) and acceptor (NaGdF4:EuIII, NaGdF4:TbIII or NaGdF4:EuIII:TbIII) nanoparticles functionalized with antenna ligands.
FGDB‐MLPP: A fine‐grained data‐sharing scheme with blockchain based on multi‐level privacy protection
Authors: Lin Junyu , Feng Libo , Wang Jinli , Qiu Fei , Yu Bei , Cheng Jing , Yao Shaowen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the era of 5G, billions of terminal devices achieve global interconnection and intercommunication, which leads to the generation of massive data. However, the existing cloud‐based data‐sharing mechanism faces challenges such as sensitive information leakage and data islands, which makes it difficult to achieve secure sharing across domains. In this paper, the authors propose a fine‐grained data‐sharing scheme based on blockchain and ciphertext policy attribute‐based encryption, and design a verifiable outsourced computation method to reduce the computational pressure of end users. Second, the authors comprehensively consider the user's identity privacy and transaction privacy, and propose a multi‐level privacy protection method based on ring signature and garbled bloom filter, which enhance the user's data privacy and availability, and prevent the traceability of requests. Finally, the authors design a set of interconnected smart contracts, and verify that their scheme can achieve secure and efficient data sharing through security analysis and performance testing.
A novel federated learning aggregation algorithm for AIoT intrusion detection
Authors: Jia Yidong , Lin Fuhong , Sun Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNowadays, the development of Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is advancing rapidly, and intelligent devices are increasingly exposed to more security risks on the network. Deep learning‐based intrusion detection is an effective security defence approach. Federated learning (FL) is capable of enabling deep learning models to be trained on local clients without uploading their data to a central server. This paper proposes a novel federated learning aggregation algorithm called fed‐dynamic gravitational search algorithm (Fed‐DGSA), which incorporates the GSA algorithm to optimize the weight updating process of FL local models. During the updating process, the decay rate of the gravity coefficient is optimized and random perturbations and dynamic weights are introduced to ensure a more stable and efficient FL aggregation process. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of Fed‐DGSA has reached about 97.8%, and it is demonstrated that the model trained using Fed‐DGSA achieves higher accuracy compared to Fed‐Avg.
Grid‐side flexibility assessment based on security distance of dispatchable region for AC/DC hybrid system using approximate second‐order cone relaxation
Authors: Wang Feifei , Qin Zhijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of offshore wind power has resulted in a mismatch between generation and demand because of its variability. To quantify the maximum wind power penetration of the transmission network, the dispatchable region is defined as the largest region in the uncertainty space. The security distance is defined as the minimum distance from the operating point to the boundaries of the dispatchable region. System operators can use security distance as a metric to assess the flexibility of the power system. This paper proposes a method to construct the dispatchable region for the AC/DC hybrid system with VSC‐HVDC by outer convex relaxation firstly. The second‐order cone relaxation is employed to reformulate non‐convex and non‐linear power flow equations. Next, a polyhedral approximation is adopted to obtain the convex hull of the dispatchable region. Subsequently, an efficient algorithm known as adaptive constraint generation (Ad‐CG) is introduced to calculate the boundaries of the dispatchable region. Furthermore, solving the Chebyshev centre problem determines the minimal security distance. The modified IEEE 5‐bus and 39‐bus system is used for validating effectiveness of the proposed method and evaluating the impact of the converter reactive power compensation capacity and generation dispatch on the dispatchable region.
Enhancing model‐based acoustic localisation using quantum annealing
Authors: Wezeman Robert , Bontekoe Tariq , von Benda‐Beckmann Sander , Phillipson Frank 
Published: March 2024

AbstractModel‐based acoustic localisation estimates the locations of underwater objects by comparing sensor measurements with model predictions. To obtain high quality predictions, propagation models need to be run for a large set of environmental parameters. However, real‐time Model‐based acoustic localisation estimations using onboard computational resources are often limited. To address this, the authors propose a Quantum annealing (QA) algorithm for enhancing underwater acoustic localisation. A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is trained to predict the probability distribution of underwater targets. Advantage of this approach is that part of the computation is moved to offline‐training. Moreover, the probability distribution can potentially be sampled efficiently using a quantum annealer possibly enabling real‐time accurate target estimations being made onboard.The RBM is applied to a simplified multi‐sensor horizontal localisation problem where a constant and linear acoustic propagation is assumed. Using simulated annealing the authors show that the RBM is able to learn probability distributions that resemble target locations. Preliminary results show that training and sampling the RBM can be done using QA hardware by D‐Wave Systems.However, there remains room for improvement especially in ranging predictions. Further research into possible benefits of QA RBMs is needed to provide theoretical and practical results of a speed‐up.
Pediatric Mycoplasma Pneumonia: The Radiographic Patterns and Review
of the Literature
Authors: Cinar Hasibe Gokce , Ucan Berna , Fatma Nur ÖZ 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the clinical and
chest radiographic features of pediatric patients with serologically proven
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
Materials and methods The clinical records and chest radiographs of 55
consecutive patients (28 male, 27 female) with serologically positive IgG
mycoplasma pneumonia were reviewed. The pneumonic infiltrates were described on
chest radiography into 3 different patterns as a peribronchovascular
infiltration, reticulonodular infiltration and consolidation.
Results More than 91% of patients presented with cough and 70% of patients
had fever. Chest radiographs displayed three different patterns: (i)
peribronchovascular infiltration (n=33, 60%); (ii) reticulonodular infiltration
(n=12, 22%); (iii) consolidation (n=10, 18%). Bilateral peribronchovascular
infiltration in central and middle lung zones were frequently seen (n=33, 60%).
Other radiological features were unilateral lesions in 51% of patients, pleural
effusion in 18%, and hilar lymphadenopathy in 20%.
Conclusion There are various radiological features of mycoplasma pneumonia
in children. Bilateral peribronchovascular infiltration confined to central and
middle lung regions seems to be more closely associated with mycoplasma
infection.
Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Selected Mental Illnesses: Practical Approach and Overview of the Literature
Authors: Müller-Vahl Kirsten R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough an increasing number of patients suffering from mental illnesses self-medicate with cannabis, current knowledge about the efficacy and safety of cannabis-based medicine in psychiatry is still extremely limited. So far, no cannabis-based finished product has been approved for the treatment of a mental illness. There is increasing evidence that cannabinoids may improve symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Tourette syndrome (TS), anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to surveys, patients often use cannabinoids to improve mood, sleep, and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is evidence suggesting that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and THC-containing cannabis extracts, such as nabiximols, can be used as substitutes in patients with cannabis use disorder.Preliminary evidence also suggests an involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the pathophysiology of TS, ADHD, and PTSD. Since the ECS is the most important neuromodulatory system in the brain, it possibly induces beneficial effects of cannabinoids by alterations in other neurotransmitter systems. Finally, the ECS is an important stress management system. Thus, cannabinoids may improve symptoms in patients with mental illnesses by reducing stress.Practically, cannabis-based treatment in patients with psychiatric disorders does not differ from other indications. The starting dose of THC-containing products should be low (1–2.5 mg THC/day), and the dose should be up-titrated slowly (by 1–2.5 mg every 3–5 days). The average daily dose is 10–20 mg THC. In contrast, cannabidiol (CBD) is mainly used in high doses>400 mg/day.
Ein seltener Fall: Kasabach-Merrit-Syndrom bei
VACTERL-Assoziation
Authors: Le Melanie , Wenke Katharina , Herrmann Jochen , Singer Dominique , Lange Mario 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Kasabach-Merrit-Syndrom ist charakterisiert als Assoziation eines
Gefäßtumors, typischerweise einem kaposiformem Hämangioendotheliom sowie einer
schweren Verbrauchskoagulopathie mit potenziell lebensbedrohlichen
Thrombozytopenien. Die schwere Gerinnungsstörung mit erhöhter Blutungsneigung
muss vor invasiven Eingriffen berücksichtigt werden und erfordert nicht selten
wiederholte Thrombozytenkonzentrat Transfusionen. Wir berichten hierbei über ein
reifes männliches Neugeborenes mit Kasabach-Merrit-Syndrom und
VACTERL-Assoziation. Die VACTERL-Assoziation beschreibt eine Gruppe von
Fehlbildungen. Der Patient wies eine Analatresie (mit rektourethraler Fistel),
zystischen Veränderungen im Spinalkanal (mit tethered cord) und einer
Nierenagenesie links auf. Die VACTERL Assoziation sowie das
Kasabach-Merritt-Syndrom fanden sich bei diesem Patienten als unabhängig
voneinander gewertete Entitäten. Ein gemeinsames Auftreten wurde bisher in der
Literatur nicht beschrieben. Die eingeschränkte Gerinnungssituation durch
schwere Thrombozytopenien erschwerte die operative Anus praeter Anlage sowie
Biopsie Entnahme zur Diagnosesicherung. In unserem Fallbeispiel konnte
schließlich der mTOR Inhibitor Sirolimus erfolgreich zur Verkleinerung des
Gefäßtumors und besonders zur Senkung des Thrombozyten- Verbrauchs eingesetzt
werden.
Electrochemical Generation of Ketyl Radicals and Their Applications
Authors: Xu Kun , Zeng Chengchu , Tan Zhoumei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKetyl radicals display new reactivities beyond the intrinsic electrophilicity of carbonyls. Recent progress in organic electrosynthesis has fueled the generation and utilization of ketyl radicals under ‘greener’ conditions. This graphical review summarizes these electrochemical advancements into three major categories: cross-pinacol couplings, coupling of carbonyls with alkyl radical precursors, and coupling of carbonyls with unsaturated systems (alkenes, alkynes, cyanoarenes, and N-heterocycles).
Heptafluorobutyric Acid Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of 7-Aminocoumarins with 1,2,4-Triazines: A Straightforward Pathway to 3-Triazinyl-7-aminocoumarins
Authors: Fatykhov Ramil F. , Khalymbadzha Igor A. , Sharapov Ainur D. , Potapova Anastasia P. , Tsmokalyuk Anton N. , Gaviko Vasiliy S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA protocol for C–H/C–H cross-coupling reaction between 7-aminocoumarins and 1,2,4-triazines has been developed. The reaction was carried out under heptafluorobutyric acid catalysis providing products with yield up to 91%. The applicability and scope of the proposed method was demonstrated on 25 compounds containing different substituents both in the triazine ring and at the nitrogen atom of 7-aminocoumarins. The study of the reaction mechanism by EPR and radical trapping suggests that radicals are involved in this transformation.
The Impact of Pabinafusp Alfa on the Disease Burden in Hunter's Syndrome: Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Martins Ana Maria , Curiati Marco Antônio , Mendes Carmen Curiati , Sakata Edna Tiemi , de Souza Carolina Fischinger Moura , Giugliani Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSevere mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS-II) patients present with progressive mental impairment and reduced life expectancy. While current available treatment cannot cross the blood–brain barrier, the enzyme replacement therapy with pabinafusp alfa (a recombinant iduronate-2-sulfatase fused to an antihuman transferrin receptor antibody) was designed to penetrate it using transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis. In this cross-sectional retrospective study, we aimed to report the impact of this new therapy using patient-reported outcomes. Data were collected using standardized questionnaire replied by patients or their caregivers (as proxies). Nine patients received intravenous administration of pabinafusp alfa for at least 104 weeks. All patient showed improvements in behavior (mainly aggressiveness), speech, motor ability, muscle strength, facial expression, breathing, and cognitive skills. Gait improvement was also found in 78% of participants. Caregivers also reported improvements in emotion demonstration as ability to smile, establish eye contact, and give hugs. Collectively, our results indicate a positive impact of pabinafusp alfa on quality of life of individuals with MPS-II and their relatives/caregivers. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects.