bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior of Al4SiC4/SiC ceramics exposed to molten calcium‐magnesium‐alumino‐silicate at 1350°C in air
Authors: Tanaka Atsuko , Gubarevich Anna , Nishimura Toshiyuki , Yoshida Katsumi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAl4SiC4 shows excellent heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, machinability, and oxidation resistance. We focused on Al4SiC4‐based ceramics with SiC as a non‐oxide matrix for ceramic matrix composites for aircraft jet engines. In this study, monolithic Al4SiC4 and Al4SiC4/SiC ceramics were fabricated by hot‐pressing, and a corrosion test against molten calcium‐magnesium‐alumino‐silicate (CMAS) was conducted at 1350°C for 12–100 h in air, and their corrosion behavior was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy results revealed that severe damage was not observed at the interface between CMAS and the samples after the CMAS corrosion test. The recession of Al4SiC4‐100, ‐10, and SiC‐100 after corrosion for 100 h was 80–90 µm, and that of Al4SiC4‐50 was the highest of all samples and the value was 130 µm. The dissolution behavior of the oxidation layer into molten CMAS via a corrosion reaction was dependent on the composition of both the sample and the oxidation layer, the thickness, and the microstructure of the oxidation layers. The dominant mechanism of reaction between CMAS and Al4SiC4‐100, ‐90, and ‐50 samples was concluded to be the dissolution of the oxidation products, while in SiC‐100 and Al4SiC4‐10 samples, the dominant reaction was determined to be direct corrosion of the surface with CMAS.
Modification of liposomes: preparation, purpose, methods and the application in food
Authors: Liu Boqun , Zan Liting , Li Xiaohui , Cai Yue , Hao Guijie 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe use of liposomes as an effective delivery system has been well documented. This system offers protection to functional components from various environmental factors such as light, oxygen, temperature and pH. However, liposomes also present certain limitations, including poor targeting, instability, short in vivo circulation time and low utilisation of encapsulated substances. These drawbacks can be addressed through the modification of liposomes. This review article examines the preparation of modified liposomes using methods such as the thin‐film method, reverse evaporation method and injection method. The purpose of liposome modification and its application in food are discussed, with a focus on enhancing targeting, prolonging in vivo circulation time, improving stability and ensuring the stability of encapsulated substances during storage. Additionally, the article explores modification methods such as polyethylene glycol modification, peptide and protein modification and polysaccharide modification. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to a better understanding of liposome modification and provide valuable references for the development of novel modified liposomes.
Construction and validation of key genes‐related prognosis model in children with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Huang Fan , Ming Chuan , Jiang Yuqian , Li Chenli , Tan Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo identify the differentially expressed genes of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and construct and verify a survival prognosis model combined with patient survival information.MethodsThe TARGET database was searched to identify differentially expressed peripheral blood genes in children with AML and healthy children. A gene set functional analysis and pathway analysis were performed using gene ontology and the KEGG pathway. A prognostic model for children with AML was constructed using univariate Cox, LASSO Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were adopted to assess the predictive capacity of the prognostic models.ResultsIn total, 1640 differentially expressed genes were screened (1119 upregulated and 521 downregulated genes). The differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in nutrient metabolism and cytochrome P450 metabolism. Six key genes related to the prognosis of AML, FAM157A, GPR78, IRX5, RP4‐800G7.1, RP11‐179H18.5 and RP11‐61N20.3, were identified. Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that 3‐year and 5‐year overall survival was significantly higher in the low‐risk group than in the high‐risk group. The area under the ROC curve was 0.722. At different stages of AML, FAM157A and RP4‐800G7.1 exhibited significant differences in expression. The expression levels of FAM157A were significantly decreased in AML, whereas the expression levels of GPR78, IRX5, RP4‐800G7.1, RP11‐179H18.5 and RP11‐61N20.3 were significantly increased in AML.ConclusionA prognosis‐related gene model of AML was successfully constructed, and the expression levels of the model genes varied with AML stage.
Ultrahigh breakdown strength of NaNbO3‐based dielectric ceramics for high‐voltage capacitor application
Authors: Zheng Qiuyu , Xie Bing , Li Tianyu , Li Zhiqing , Wu Qingqing , Tian Yahui , Liu Zhiyong , Luo Huajie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDielectric ceramics have attracted significant attention in power electronic systems, owing to their exceptional charging and discharging speeds, as well as their high power density. However, simultaneously achieving a high recoverable energy density (Wrec) and high efficiency (η) in high‐voltage dielectric ceramics remains a challenge for applications where a high breakdown electric field (Eb) is required. In this study, high‐quality (1 – x)NaNbO3–xSr0.7Bi0.2(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 [(1 – x)NN–xSBMN] ceramics were prepared based on an optimization strategy combining phase structure with microstructural regulation. A quasilinear P–E loop with negligible hysteresis was realized in the ceramic with x = 0.4, excellent Wrec of 5.61 J/cm3, and high η of 85.1% obtained at a largely improved Eb of 710 kV/cm. To the best of our knowledge, the Eb of 710 kV/cm is one of the highest values achieved in dielectric ceramics to date. The noticeable reduction in grain size (∼0.95 µm) and increased bandgap improve the Eb to an ultra‐high level, which is a crucial factor in high energy storage density. The coexistence of a few antiferroelectric phases and the dominant paraelectric phase is the structural origin of the comprehensive energy‐storage performance improvement. Therefore, our research develops a unique approach to unleash the potential in NaNbO3‐based ceramics, holding great promise for application in high‐voltage dielectric capacitors.
Patent eligibility after Alice: Evidence from USPTO patent examination
Authors: Frumkin Jesse , Pairolero Nicholas A. , Tesfayesus Asrat , Toole Andrew A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a series of decisions over the last decade, the Supreme Court of the United States altered the classes of inventions that are eligible for patent protection—a body of law called subject matter eligibility. One of the more contentious of these decisions, Alice Corp. versus CLS Bank International (Alice), questioned the patentability of a broad class of inventions involving abstract ideas, particularly in digital technologies. Exploiting a quasinatural experiment, we find that the Alice decision reduced favorable patent eligibility decisions by 31% and significantly and persistently increased legal uncertainty in patent examination by 26% for a broad set of technologies. Our analysis quantifies how legal decisions can limit patent protection and highlights the need for further research on how greater legal uncertainty affects upstream investments supporting invention and downstream innovations fueling growth.
Using multi‐criteria decision‐making methods in prioritizing structural flood control solutions: A case study from Iran
Authors: Hamidifar Hossein , Yaghoubi Faezeh , Rowinski Pawel M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEffective management of flood risks requires the prioritization of appropriate flood control solutions. This study aims to prioritize structural flood control options using multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods. Four MCDM methods, namely analytic hierarchy process, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, multi‐criteria optimization and compromise solution, and Fuzzy‐VIKOR are employed to assess and rank the flood control options based on multiple criteria. Field surveys, interviews with local authorities and experts, and on‐site assessments of existing flood control structures constituted the primary data collection methods. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of reservoir dams, retention basins, and levees as viable solutions. Conversely, flood control gates and the no‐project options were assigned lower priorities. The findings highlight the importance of considering multiple MCDM methods to account for variations in rankings. The study provides valuable insights into the decision‐making process for prioritizing flood control options in the study area. These findings can assist policymakers and stakeholders in effectively allocating resources and implementing appropriate structural flood control measures to mitigate flood risks.
The trajectory of anxiety in therapy: The role of ACEs
Authors: Witting Alyssa Banford , Anderson Shayne R. , Johnson Lee N. , Barrow Betsy Hughes , Peery Allie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe connection between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and anxiety disorders is well‐documented. Additionally, therapy has been shown to be effective at reducing anxiety symptoms. Yet more needs to be known about how ACEs may shape the process of therapy and the trajectory of anxiety symptoms. This study was designed to compare the trajectory of improvement in anxiety symptoms over the course of 12 sessions of therapy in adults (N = 472), who reported more (greater than four) and fewer (fewer than four) ACEs using a multigroup latent growth curve analysis. Data were drawn from the Marriage and Family Therapy Practice Research Network database. Results suggested that the rate of improvement in those with more and fewer ACEs was not significantly different; however, those with more ACEs had a significantly higher average starting point of anxiety symptoms.
Metabolic sensing in AgRP regulates sucrose preference and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Reichenbach Alex , Dempsey Harry , Andrews Zane B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHunger increases the motivation for calorie consumption, often at the expense of low‐taste appeal. However, the neural mechanisms integrating calorie‐sensing with increased motivation for calorie consumption remain unknown. Agouti‐related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus sense hunger, and the ingestion of caloric solutions promotes dopamine release in the absence of sweet taste perception. Therefore, we hypothesised that metabolic‐sensing of hunger by AgRP neurons would be essential to promote dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in response to caloric, but not non‐caloric solutions. Moreover, we examined whether metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons affected taste preference for bitter solutions under conditions of energy need. Here we show that impaired metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons attenuated nucleus accumbens dopamine release in response to sucrose, but not saccharin, consumption. Furthermore, metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons was essential to distinguish nucleus accumbens dopamine response to sucrose consumption when compared with saccharin. Under conditions of hunger, metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons increased the preference for sucrose solutions laced with the bitter tastant, quinine, to ensure calorie consumption, whereas mice with impaired metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons maintained a strong aversion to sucrose/quinine solutions despite ongoing hunger. In conclusion, we demonstrate normal metabolic sensing in AgRP neurons drives the preference for calorie consumption, primarily when needed, by engaging dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
Conduction slowing, conduction block and temporal dispersion in demyelinating, dysmyelinating and axonal neuropathies: Electrophysiology meets pathology
Authors: Uncini Antonino , Cavallaro Tiziana , Fabrizi Gian Maria , Manganelli Fiore , Vallat Jean‐Michel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNerve conduction studies are usually the first diagnostic step in peripheral nerve disorders and their results are the basis for planning further investigations. However, there are some commonplaces in the interpretation of electrodiagnostic findings in peripheral neuropathies that, although useful in the everyday practice, may be misleading: (1) conduction block and abnormal temporal dispersion are distinctive features of acquired demyelinating disorders; (2) hereditary neuropathies are characterized by uniform slowing of conduction velocity; (3) axonal neuropathies are simply diagnosed by reduced amplitude of motor and sensory nerve action potentials with normal or slightly slow conduction velocity. In this review, we reappraise the occurrence of uniform and non‐uniform conduction velocity slowing, conduction block and temporal dispersion in demyelinating, dysmyelinating and axonal neuropathies attempting, with a translational approach, a correlation between electrophysiological and pathological features as derived from sensory nerve biopsy in patients and animal models. Additionally, we provide some hints to navigate in this complex field.
Rosacea treatment with 532 nm KTP versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser—A prospective, controlled study
Authors: Nguyen Lynhda , Dierckxsens Cathy , Kerscher Martina , Hartjen Anna , Schneider Stefan W. , Herberger Katharina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPulsed‐dye lasers (PDL) are one of the standard therapies for rosacea, but alternatives are needed.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of the variable‐sequenced, large‐spot 532 nm KTP laser to the 595 nm PDL in treating rosacea.Materials and MethodsA prospective, controlled, evaluator‐blinded study. Patients were treated with either a KTP or PDL with 1–3 sessions at intervals of 6–8 weeks. A follow‐up visit was scheduled on Week 6 post‐treatment. Clinical outcome was assessed by computer‐assisted analysis and by patients and two blinded dermatologists. Pain intensity during treatment and adverse events were documented.ResultsForty‐five patients (mean age 51 years) were allocated in a 2:1 ratio to either the KTP or PDL. Erythema in both treatment arms decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Clinical evaluation revealed high improvement. Mean pain intensity was significantly lower with the KTP (2.5/10) than with the PDL (4.1/10). Both lasers showed a good safety profile. Relevant purpura was only seen in the PDL group.ConclusionsBoth the variable‐sequenced, large‐spot KTP and the PDL demonstrated comparable efficacy in treatment of rosacea. Regarding safety, the KTP exhibited fewer post‐treatment reactions. The KTP might serve as a potential alternative to PDL in the treatment of rosacea.
A Contingency View of Impression Management: Heterogeneous Investor Responses to CEO Positive Portrayal of Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Callahan Conor , Song Ruixiang , Shi Wei , Veenstra Kevin J. , McNamara Gerry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExisting research has suggested seemingly contradictory conclusions about the efficacy of impression management (IM) tactics. While a growing body of research highlights the potential benefits of IM, other studies imply that the effectiveness of these tactics in shaping stakeholder perceptions may be limited. Our study advances theory on IM by drawing upon expectancy violations theory to develop a contingency theory of IM efficacy. Concentrating on CEOs’ positive portrayal of merger and acquisition (M&A) activity, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of this IM tactic hinges on factors related to the communicator (CEO duality), context (acquisition foreshadowing), and audience (investor type). Our results indicate that investor reactions to CEOs’ positive portrayal are more favourable when M&A activity has been foreshadowed or when the institutional investor is transient. Conversely, reactions are less favourable for CEOs also serving as board chair. Our findings provide novel insights into IM theory, suggesting that potential expectancy violations associated with IM tactics could be shaped by the attributes of communicator, context, and audience.
Multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction: Diasporic Ukrainians in Shanghai
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Fengwei , Wang Zichen , Mei Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article reports on a study of multilingualism, language choice, and identity construction for six Ukrainians in Shanghai, China. Thematic analysis of data collected from netnographic observation, semi‐structured interviews, and narrative frame writing revealed that diasporic Ukrainians’ language choice is both instrumentally strategic and sociopolitically charged; in the public domain, they construct light “citizen of the world” and “nice foreigner” identities; in the private domain, they construct “Ukrainian who speaks Ukrainian language” identity. To understand the seemingly binary or even conflicted situation, we turn to the concept of “social anchoring” and propose a conceptualization of “diasporic people's language choice and identity selection.” This study shows that the construction of diasporic identity is, first of all, an individualistic process, articulating the affective aspect in their seeking psychological stability; it is also a social practice indicating diasporic people's strategies in seeking social stability.
Critical ethnography: implications for medical education research and scholarship
Authors: Rashid Marghalara , Goldszmidt Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContextMedical education (ME) must rethink the dominant culture's fundamental assumptions and unintended consequences on less advantaged groups and society at large. Doing so, however, requires a robust understanding of what we are teaching, regardless of our intentions, and what is being learned across the multiple settings that our learners find themselves in, from classrooms to clinical spaces and beyond.ApproachGaining such understandings and fully exploring the extent to which we are rising to the challenges of today's society in authentic ways require robust methodologies. In this research approaches paper, we introduce unfamiliar readers to one such methodology—critical ethnography. By doing so, we hope to demonstrate its potential for helping ME both identify and gain novel insight into necessary solutions for many of today's educational challenges regarding healthcare disparities and inequities.ConclusionThe readers of this paper will gain novel insights into how critical ethnographers see the world and ask questions, thereby changing the way they (the reader) see the world. At its heart, critical ethnography is about thinking differently and that is something that should be accessible to all. Doing so may also enhance our ability to both question dominant ways of thinking and, ultimately, to enact positive change in training and practices to enhance inclusivity and fairness for all regardless of their gender, race and status.
The crane fly glycosylated triketide δ‐lactone cornicinine elicits akinete differentiation of the cyanobiont in aquatic Azolla fern symbioses
Authors: Güngör Erbil , Savary Jérôme , Adema Kelvin , Dijkhuizen Laura W. , Keilwagen Jens , Himmelbach Axel , Mascher Martin , Koppers Nils , Bräutigam Andrea , Van Hove Charles , Riant Olivier , Nierzwicki‐Bauer Sandra , Schluepmann Henriette 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe restriction of plant‐symbiont dinitrogen fixation by an insect semiochemical had not been previously described. Here we report on a glycosylated triketide δ‐lactone from Nephrotoma cornicina crane flies, cornicinine, that causes chlorosis in the floating‐fern symbioses from the genus Azolla. Only the glycosylated trans‐A form of chemically synthesized cornicinine was active: 500 nM cornicinine in the growth medium turned all cyanobacterial filaments from Nostoc azollae inside the host leaf‐cavities into akinetes typically secreting CTB‐bacteriocins. Cornicinine further inhibited akinete germination in Azolla sporelings, precluding re‐establishment of the symbiosis during sexual reproduction. It did not impact development of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana or several free‐living cyanobacteria from the genera Anabaena or Nostoc but affected the fern host without cyanobiont. Fern‐host mRNA sequencing from isolated leaf cavities confirmed high NH4‐assimilation and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in this trichome‐rich tissue. After cornicinine treatment, it revealed activation of Cullin‐RING ubiquitin‐ligase‐pathways, known to mediate metabolite signaling and plant elicitation consistent with the chlorosis phenotype, and increased JA‐oxidase, sulfate transport and exosome formation. The work begins to uncover molecular mechanisms of cyanobiont differentiation in a seed‐free plant symbiosis important for wetland ecology or circular crop‐production today, that once caused massive CO2 draw‐down during the Eocene geological past.
The poorly‐explored stomatal response to temperature at constant evaporative demand
Authors: Mills Colleen , Bartlett Megan K. , Buckley Thomas N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanges in leaf temperature are known to drive stomatal responses, because the leaf‐to‐air water vapour gradient (Δw) increases with temperature if ambient vapour pressure is held constant, and stomata respond to changes in Δw. However, the direct response of stomata to temperature (DRST; the response when Δw is held constant by adjusting ambient humidity) has been examined far less extensively. Though the meagre available data suggest the response is usually positive, results differ widely and defy broad generalisation. As a result, little is known about the DRST. This review discusses the current state of knowledge about the DRST, including numerous hypothesised biophysical mechanisms, potential implications of the response for plant adaptation, and possible impacts of the DRST on plant‐atmosphere carbon and water exchange in a changing climate.
Postoperative outcomes of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in infants and children with biliary atresia
Authors: Naeem Buria , Ayub Adil , Coss‐Bu Jorge , Mian Muhammad Umair M. , Hernaez Ruben , Fogarty Thomas P. , Deshotels Kirby , Kennedy Curt , Goss John , Desai Moreshwar S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in patients with biliary atresia (BA). Data on impact of ACLF on postoperative outcomes, however, are sparse.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with BA aged <18 years who underwent LT between 2011 and 2021 at our institution. ACLF was defined using the pediatric ACLF criteria: ≥1 extra‐hepatic organ failure in children with decompensated cirrhosis.ResultsOf 107 patients (65% female; median age 14 [9–31] months) who received a LT, 13 (12%) had ACLF during the index admission prior to LT. Two (15%) had Grade 1; 4 (30%) had Grade 2; and 7 (55%) had Grade ≥3 ACLF. ACLF cohort was younger at time of listing (5 [4–8] vs. 9 [6–24] months; p < .001) and at LT (8 [8–11] vs. 16 [10–40] months, p < .001) compared to no‐ACLF group. Intraoperatively, ACLF patients had higher blood loss (40 [20–53] vs. 10 [6–19] mL/kg; p < .001) and blood transfusion requirements (33 [21–69] vs. 18 [7–25] mL/kg; p = .004). Postoperatively, they needed higher vasopressor support (31% vs. 10.6%; p = .04) and had higher total hospital length of stay (106 [45–151] vs. 13 [7–30] days; p = .023). Rate of return to the operating room, hospital readmission rates, and 1‐year post‐LT survival rates were comparable between the groups.ConclusionDespite higher perioperative complications, survival outcomes for ACLF in BA after LT are favorable and comparable to those without ACLF. These encouraging data reiterate prioritization during organ allocation of these critically ill children for LT.