bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infrared Studies of Transition-Metal Nitrosyl (14NO and 15NO) Complexes—Nitrosylruthenium(III), Nitrosylchromium(II) and Nitrosylcobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Miki Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For K2[RuX5(NO)] (X=Cl and Br), K3[Cr(CN)5(NO)]·H2O, [Cr(NH3)5(NO)]X2 (X=Cl and ClO4) and black-[Co(NH3)5(NO)]Cl2, it was attempted to determine the coordinating atom of the nitrosyl group to the metal atom and to assign the skeletal vibrations between the metal and the nitrosyl group by measuring the effect of the nitrogen isotope 15N on infrared spectra. The isotopic shifts for the 15NO-complex to the 14NO-complex were calculated for two kinds of a linear three-body model, M–N–O and M–O–N (M=metal atom), and the calculated shifts were compared with the observed ones. For nitrosylruthenium and nitrosylchromium complexes, the M–N–O arrangement was found, and of the two absorption bands in the region 530–620 cm−1, the higher wave number was assigned to the M–N stretching vibration and the lower one to the M–N–O bending vibration. For black-[Co(NH3)5(NO)]Cl2, the Co–O–N arrangement was found.
Distribution of Thenoyltrifluoroacetone and Its Scandium Chelate in Ketone Solvent System
Authors: Wakabayashi Toshiki , Takaizumi Katsuko , Seto Kunio , Suzuki Nobuo , Akiba Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution equilibria of thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and its scandium chelate between aqueous solutions with an ionic strength of 0.1 and ketones at 25°C have been studied. The distribution of TTA was correlated with the solubility parameters of the ketones and the correlation between the distribution coefficients of TTA and those of scandium chelate was confirmed. The characteristic properties of ketones were discussed in comparison with those of other oxygen containing solvents.
Reactive Monomers Derived from p-Vinylbenzoic Acid
Authors: Iwakura Yoshio , Uno Keikichi , Nakabayashi Nobuo , Kojima Takakazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactive monomers derived from p-vinylbenzoic acid have been prepared which have both a vinyl group and another functional group for addition reaction or condensation reaction. The radical polymerization of these monomers gives high polymers. Monomer reactivity ratios in relation to styrene were obtained for three of these monomers. Plots of Alfrey-Price’s e value vs. Hammett’s σ value show a linear relationship in the case of substituted styrenes. σ values are then estimated by this relation, using e values based on the monomer reactivity ratios. The σ constants assumed for the COCl, (Remark: Graphics omitted.), and NCO substituents are 0.71, 0.64, and 0.27 respectively. These σ values are confirmed by other supporting facts.
Magnetic Moments and d–d Bands of N-n-Propanolsalicylaldiminato-copper(II)
Authors: Kato Michinobu , Muto Yoneichiro , B. Jonassen Hans , Imai Kyoko , Harano Akiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of cupric acetate with the reaction mixture of γ-aminopropyl alcohol and substituted salicylaldehydes in ethanol gave dimeric copper(II) complexes. The postulated structure of these complexes makes it possible to test the substituent effect transmitted to the coordinating atoms which are not in the superexchange pathway between copper-(II) ions in a pair. The magnetic moments observed at room temperature were corrected for the temperature variations to those at 25°C by graphic method based on Bleaney and Bowers’ equation. The observed substituent effect on the relation between μeff25°C and λmax is different from that observed for dimeric cupric halides complexes of substituted pyridine N-oxides. In these complexes the substituent effect transmits to the bridging oxygen atom in the superexchange pathway. As compared with the parent complex (H), methyl, chloro and benzo groups weakened the magnetic interaction but nitro group strengthened it. An interpretation of the substituent effect is given based on the idea of the mutual influences on the coordinate bonds.
Nitroalkenylferrocene. I. Preparation of 2-Nitro-1-ferrocenylalkenes
Authors: Shiga Mikio , Kono Hiromichi , Motoyama Izumi , Hata Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A wide variety of nitroalkenylferrocenes and their derivatives were synthesized by the condensation of formylferrocene and nitroalkanes. As a condensing agent, either sodium methoxide or a cyclic amine, such as piperidine, pyrrolidine and morpholine, was employed. Condensation using a cyclic amine, which is analogous to the Mannich reaction in nature, gave better results than that using sodium methoxide. The mechanism of the Mannich-type reaction has been discussed, and the formation of a molecular complex between formylferrocene and piperidine has been proposed as an intermediacy.
Novel Reduction of Various Organic Compounds with Water in the Presence of Precipitated Metals
Authors: Sakai Koji , Ishige Masayoshi , Kono Hiromichi , Motoyama Izumi , Watanabe Ken-ichi , Hata Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that various organic compounds were reduced in good yields by refluxing them with precipitated metals in water. Water was proved to be indispensable as a hydrogen donor. The reduction of compounds which are insoluble in water was facilitated by using a mixture of dioxane and water. It is of interest that the reduction of nitriles with this catalyst afforded the hydrochlorides of the corresponding primary amines. The results imply the participation of the chloride ion on the ppt-metal catalyst. A selective reduction of C=C was observed in some α,β-unsaturated ketones, such as mesityl oxide and 1,3-diferrocenyl-2-buten-1-one. The relative activity of the various precipitated metals depends not only upon the kinds of the metals but also upon their combination. It is assumed that the surface of the ppt-Ni is acidic as a result of the coexisting chloride ion, which might participate in the catalytic reaction.
The Chemiluminescence of Indole Derivatives. IV. Correlation between Chemiluminescence and Structure of 2,3-Dimethylindoles
Authors: Sugiyama Noboru , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Omote Yoshimori , Akutagawa Masamoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Four 5-substituted and three 6-substituted 2,3-dimethylindoles and unsubstituted 2,3-dimethylindole were synthesized and their light emission was measured in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and potassium t-butoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide. It was found that the Hammett equation was applicable to their chemiluminescent reaction with ρ value of −1.24. For the 6-position of indole nucleus σp was used, and for the 5-position σm was used. Also, four hydroperoxides of 2,3-dimethylindole bearing substituents at the 5- or 6-position, which emitted light in the presence of potassium t-butoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide, gave linear Hammett plots with ρ value of −2.04. The relationship between the Hammett equation and the chemiluminescence of these inole derivatives has been discussed further.
Macrocyclic Dilactone. II. The General Synthesis of Macrocyclic Dilactone
Authors: Sugiyama Noboru , Maruyama Hiroaki , Gasha Taketoshi , Kashima Choji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
One previous papar reported the synthesis of 7-hydroxyoctanoic acid dilactone through the dimeric ester. This paper will describe how the dilactone of 12-hydroxystearic acid is synthesized by this method. The dilactone from two kinds of hydroxy alkanoic acid, 7-hydroxyoctanoic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid, is also otained. From these results, it seems that this new method can be of general use in the synthesis of various kinds of dilactones.
Anionic Copolymerization of Styrene and trans-Stilbene with n-Butyllithium
Authors: Yuki Heimei , Kato Masahiko , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The anionic copolymerization of styrene (M1) and trans-stilbene (M2) by n-butyllithium was investigated, trans-stilbene, which can not homopolymerized by itself, could be copolymerized with styrene in tetrahydrofuran and in benzene by an anionic catalyst. The copolymerization in tetrahydrofuran proceeded with a chain transfer to trans-stilbene, while that in benzene seemed to proceed without the chain transfer. The monomer reactivity ratio, r1 was obtained from the copolymer composition at the complete consumption of M1 assuming that the rate constant, k22, is zero. The r1 values were 2.3 in tetrahydrofuran at 0°C and 18 in benzene at 30°C. The color of the solution changed from red to purple in tetrahydrofuran, while in benzene no change occurred.
Constituents of Leaf Oil from Japanese Pepper
Authors: Kusumoto Shoichi , Ohsuka Akio , Kotake Munio , Sakai Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The steam-volatile constituents from leaves of Japanese pepper were separated by column chromatography and GLC, and their chemical structures were studied by IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The volatile oil was found to be composed of about 100 components; those identified were as follows: 15 hydrocarbons (α- and β-pinene, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, α- and β-phellandrene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, α-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, α-muurolene, and γ-cadinene), 16 alcohols (2-penten-1-ol, n-hexanol, 3-hexen-1-ol, trans- and cis-sahinene hydrate, cis-linalool oxide, linalool, isopulegol, neoisopulegol, terpinen-4-ol, α- and δ-terpineol, limonen-4-ol, benzyl alcohol, β-phenylethyl alcohol, and nerolidol), 2 aldehydes (2-hexenal and citronellal), 1 ketone (cryptone), 7 esters(isobutyl caproate, linalyl acetate, citronellyl acetate, terpinyl acetate, geranyl acetate, methyl salicylate, and methyl cinnamate) and 2 ethers (1,8-cineol and methyl chavicol).
Electronic Properties of Some Complexes of Tetracyanoquinodimethan with Aromatic Diamines
Authors: Ohmasa Masatake , Kinoshita Minoru , Sano Mizuka , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Complexes of tetracyanoquinodimethan have been prepared with a number of aromatic diamines which are varied in their molecular shape and ionization potential. Infrared absorption spectra have revealed most of the complexes to be ionic in character. They showed a strong ESR absorption; in regard to its temperature dependence, however, three modes of variation were observed for these solid complexes. The complexes with N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and N,N′-di-β-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine were considered to be of non-bonding type and showed no ESR absorption. However, no appreciable difference in semiconductive properties has been found between the ionic type and the non-bonding type complexes, except the complex of diaminodurene-TCNQ(1 : 2). The latter showed a high electrical conductivity and a paramagnetic behavior which was nearly independent of temperature.
A Theoretical Consideration on Chemical Reactions in the Kjeldahl Digestion
Authors: Morita Yazaemon 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds by Kjeldahl digestion was discussed and some experiments were carried out. The relationship between the amount of sulfuric acid consumed and the amount of ammonia produced at various stages including final ones of the decomposition was examined. As a result, chemical reaction of decomposition was evaluated, and the temperature at the initial stage reveals one of the important factors which determine the ratio of oxidative action of hot concentrated sulfuric acid to reductive action of sulfur dioxide produced in the reaction system. It is concluded that, if the temperature of initial stage is adjusted properly, it is possible to decompose mostly nitro and azo compounds into ammonia by sulfuric acid containing potassium sulfate without reductive pretreatment which has previously been believed to be indispensable.
Polarographic Behavior of Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)cobalt(II) and Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)cobalt(III) in Acetonitrile Solutions
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Sato Yuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrode processes of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)cobalt(II) and tris(2,2′-bipyridine)cobalt(III) complexes at the dropping mercury electrode in acetonitrile solutions have been investigated by the measurement of direct current, alternating current and Kalousek polarograms. The cobalt(II) complex gave a one-step oxidation and a four-step reduction wave and the cobalt (III) complex, a five-step reduction wave, when tetraethylammonium perchlorate was used as supporting electrolyte. The solution containing the cobalt(II) and the cobalt(III) complexes gave a reversible composite wave. The limiting currents of the first two steps named from positive to negative potentials of the reduction wave of the cobalt(II) complex were diffusion-controlled, the first step being of a one-electron reduction process and the second step, of a two-electron reduction process. From the effect of free 2,2′-bipyridine and water on the reduction wave of the cobalt(II) complex and from the Kalousek polarograms, the electrode processes of the first two steps taking place in the presence of a large concentration of free 2,2′-bipyridine were estimated as,
[Co(bipy)_3]^2+\oversete\underset-e\ightleftharpoons[Co(bipy)_3]^+\overset2e\underset-2e\ightleftharpoons[Co(bipy)_3]^-
The effect of a small concentration of acrylonitrile on the reduction wave of the cobalt(II) complex was studied.
Preparation and Oxidation of Dihydrothiophenes
Authors: Takaya Takao , Kosaka Shigeo , Otsuji Yoshio , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preparation and oxidation of 3,4-disubstituted 2,5- and 4,5-dihydrothiophenes are described. The oxidation of these dihydrothiophenes with 30% hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid gave the corresponding thiophene derivatives. However, the oxidation of the same compounds with perbenzoic acid in chloroform gave the corresponding sulfone derivatives. The mechanisms for these oxidation are discussed.
Stereochemical Studies of the 4-Hydroxyl Group of Polymethoxyflavan-3,4-diols
Authors: Hishida Shinzaburo , Umehara Misao , Kayanuma Fujiyuki , Miyazaki Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the previous papers, it was suggested that the 4-hydroxyl group of flavan-3.4-trans-diols altered in configuration upon the formation of the isopropylidene derivatives. In order to confirm this suggestion, the isopropylidene derivatives were prepared by the reaction of 4-16OH with acetone-18O, and of 4-18OH with acetone-16O, and the contents of oxygen-18 were analyzed. The oxygen atom from acetone was found in the isopropylidene derivatives of trans-3′,4′,5,7-tetramethoxy-cis- and trans-3′,4′,5′,5,7-pentamethoxy-flavan-3,4-diols.
Reactions of N,N′-Dichlorobarbital and Related Compounds with Organic Compounds
Authors: Otsuji Yoshio , Kuroda Tokuyuki , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N,N′-Dichlorobarbital (NDCB) reacted as a highly-reactive oxidizing or chlorinating reagent with ether, aldehyde, ketone, olefin and toluene. NDCB also showed a stereospecific chlorination of d-camphor, giving exclusively exo-3-chloro-d-camphor, and one of chloestanone, giving 2β-chlorocholestanone in part. The reactivities of a variety of N-halo compounds were compared and discussed in terms of the polarographic reduction potentials of the N–halogen bond in the compounds.
A Structural Study on the Catalytic Activity in Ionic Polymerization
Authors: Kagiya Tsutomu , Sumida Yūzō , Nakata Tetsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
According to the theoretical conclusion reported previously on the activation energy of the catalytic polymerization, the experimental results relating to the monomer reactivity and the catalytic activity in anionic or cationic polymerization were interpreted. The catalytic activity in ionic polymerization can be quantitatively compared with the relative magnitude of the ionization potential or the electron affinity of monomer and components (A, D) of catalyst (AD). As a measure of the ionization potential or the electron affinity of monomer, the energy of the highest occupied (εho=α+λhoβ) or the lowest vacant (εlv=α−ηlvβ) π level of the monomer has been used, and as a measure of the electron affinity of component D, the pKa of the acid HD or the σ1 value. In anionic polymerization, it was found that the polymerization by the catalyst with the same component A took place only in the combination of the monomer and the catalyst in which the ηlv/pKa value was less than about 2.5×10−2, and that the catalytic activity, with the same component D, depends on the kind of solvent. The results in cationic polymerization were also discussed in connection with the electron affinity of component D or co-catalyst. And the monomer reactivity in ionic polymerization with the same catalyst was quantitatively discussed with the ηlv or λho value of monomer. From the accordance between the theoretical consideration and the experimental data, the present treatment was found to be useful for the purpose of the quantitative study of the catalytic activity and the monomer reactivity in ionic polymerization.
The Reactions of Acetylene Photosensitized by Cd(3P1)
Authors: Tsunashima Shigeru , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of acetylene photosensitized by Cd(3P1) have been investigated at 270±1°C. The main products were benzene and vinylacetylene. The formations of polymer and hydrogen were not observed. From the studies of the effects of pressures and foreign gases on the quantum yields, the product formations were successfully explained by the reactions of excited molecules. The investigation of the reaction of a mixture of hydrogen and acetylene photosensitized by Cd(3P1) suggests that benzene is also formed from the reactions of hydrogen atoms and acetylene molecules.
The Inert Gas Extraction-Gas Chromatographic Determination of Hydrogen in Ferrous Metals
Authors: Kashima Jiro , Yamazaki Takuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The inert gas extraction-gas chromatographic technique has been applied for the determination of hydrogen in ferrous metals. As this method was dependent on gas chromatography, the simplification was performed on the apparatus and the analytical operation. A procedure was evolved, according to which the extracged hydrogen was measured by means of gas chromatography using the precolumn technique, viz., (1) the hydrogen was rapidly transferred from the metal into an argon stream by means of H-F induction furnace, (2) this was concentrated into the cold precolumn for 4 min to collect the total amount of hydrogen from the extraction tube, (3) this was measured by gas chromatography. Analytical results obtained on 3 iron base metals suggest that the method can be widely used for the determination of hydrogen in ferrous metals.
Activation Analysis of Antimony in Tin Based on an Internal-Monitor Method using Thermal Neutrons
Authors: Oka Yoshinaga , Kato Toyoaki , Tsai Hui-Tuh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An internal-monitor method proposed previously has been applied to the determination of trace amounts of antimony in tin by activation with thermal neutrons. After the antimony activity is chemically separated from the irradiated sample, the γ-ray spectrum corresponding to a mixture of 124Sb and 125Sb formed by the β− decay of 125m,125Sn is measured. Synthetic mixtures of antimony and tin with known weight ratios have been prepared to check the accuracy of the method. Good proportionality has been obtained between the ratios of the 124Sb to 125Sb activities and the ratios of the concentrations. By using this relationship, antimony analysis can easily be carried out. The content of antimony in a sample of tin down to 0.2 ppm can be determined with a relative error of ±2%.
Stereospecific Synthesis of 1,4-Dienes. III. The Cobalt Chloride-Phosphorus Compound-Triethylaluminum Catalyst System
Authors: Hata Go , Miyake Akihisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The admixture of cobalt chloride, (RO)nPCl3−n(n=0–3), and triethylaluminum catalyzes the codimerization of 1,3-dienes with ethylene to give exclusively cis isomers of 1,4-dienes, which result from the 1,4-addition of a C–H bond of ethylene to the 1,3-dienes. The addition of ethylene to methyl-substituted 1,3-dienes occurs predominantly on the substituted sides of the 1,3-dienes. The activity of the catalyst is strongly affected by the nature of the trivalent phosphorus components.
The Hydrogenation of Pyran Derivatives. IV. The Skeletal Rearrangement in the Gas-phase Dehydration of Tetrahydropyran-2-methanol
Authors: Misono Akira , Osa Tetsuo , Sanami Yoshitomo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The gas-phase dehydration of tetrahydropyran-2-methanol (TPM), prepared by the hydrogenation of the acrolein thermal dimer (3,4-dihyro-2H-pyran-2-carboxaldehyde (AD)), was investigated over various catalysts under atmospheric pressure. In this reaction, some of the pyran ring was found to be rearranged rapidly to a seven- or five-membered ring. For example, the highly-purified and crystalline η-alumina without any carrier produced cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde (GPA) as the main product in the yield of 71% at 330°C. Over the commercial alumina catalyst, considerable amounts of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrooxepine (THO) and oxepane (OXP) were produced as by-products, though CPA was the main product; in some cases, as much THO and OXP were produced as CPA. On the other hand, the use of a dehydrogenation catalyst resulted in THO as the main product and CPA as a by-product; in the case of the use of copper-chromium oxide supported on Kieselguhr, with hydrogen as a carrier gas at 430°C, the yields of THO and CPA were 44.8% and 4.7% respectively. In these skeletal rearrangements, the seven-membered carbonium ion compound produced by the Wagner-Meerwein-type rearrangement must be a reaction intermediate. From this intermediate, mainly CPA was produced over alumina, influencing the lone-electron pair of the ethereal oxygen. THO, on the contrary, was produced mainly over a dehydrogenation catalyst. Moreover, twice as high a yield of 1,6-hexanediol was obtained from the hydrogenation of the hydrated THO than from the hydrogenolysis of TPM or AD, as has been noted in a previous paper.
The Stereochemistry of Perhydroacridines and Perhydrophenanthridines
Authors: Masamune Tadashi , Ohno Masaji , Takemura Ken , Ohuchi Shigehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The configurations of three stereoisomers, α, β and γ, of perhydroacridine and those, α, β and γ, of perhydrophenanthridine have been assigned as trans,syn,trans, trans,anti,cis, trans,syn,cis, trans,anti,trans, trans,syn,cis and cis,syn,cis, respectively, on the basis of both the process of their syntheses and the rate of formation of methiodides of the N-methyl derivatives. These configurations are consistent with the infrared-spectral behavior of their N-methyl derivatives in carbon tetrachloride solutions containing n-butanol as well as with the result of their exhaustive methylations. The relative steric requirement of the lone pair and the hydrogen on the N atom is also discussed.