bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonothermal evolution of high‐alumina rocks within the Protogine Zone, southern Sweden
Authors: ANDRÉASSON P. G. , DALLMEYER R. D. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The Protogine Zone comprises a system of anastomosing deformation zones which approximately parallel the eastern boundary of the Sveconorwegian (1200–900 Ma) province in south‐west Sweden. Ages of granulite facies metamorphism in the Sveconorwegian province require exhumation from c. 30 to 35 km crustal depths after 920–880 Ma. 40Ar/39 Ar cooling ages are presented for muscovite from high‐alumina rocks formed by hydrothermal leaching associated with the Protogine Zone. Growth of fabric‐defining minerals was associated with a ductile deformational event; muscovite from these rocks cooled below argon retention temperatures (c. 375 ± 25° C) at c. 965–955 Ma. Muscovite from granofels in zones of intense alteration indicates that temperatures > 375 ± 25° C were maintained until c. 940 Ma. Textural relations of Al2SiO5 polymorphs and chloritoid suggest that dated fabrics formed during exhumation. The process of exhumation, brittle overprint on ductile structures and hydrothermal activity along faults within the Protogine Zone tentatively are interpreted as the peripheral effects of initial Neoproterozoic exhumation of the granulite region of south‐western Sweden.Muscovite in phyllonites associated with the ‘Sveconorwegian thrust system’cooled below argon retention temperatures at c. 927 Ma. Exhumation associated with this cooling could have been related to extension and onset of brittle‐ductile deformation superimposed on Sveconorwegian contraction.
Carbon isotope thermometry in marbles of the Adirondack Mountains, New York
Authors: KITCHEN N. E. , VALLEY J. W. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Carbon isotope thermometry has been applied to coexisting calcite and graphite in marbles from throughout the Adirondack Mountains, New York. Eighty‐nine calcite‐graphite pairs from the amphibolite grade NW Adirondacks change systematically in temperature north‐westwards from 680 to 640 to 670° C over a 30‐km distance, reflecting transitions from amphibolite facies towards granulite facies to the north‐west and to the south‐east. Temperature contours based on calcite‐graphite thermometry in the NW Adirondacks parallel mineral isograds, with the orthopyroxene isograd falling above 675° C, and indicate that regional metamorphic temperatures were up to 75° C higher than temperatures inferred from isotherms based on cation and solvus thermometry (Bohlen et al. 1985). Fifty‐five calcite‐graphite pairs from granulite grade marbles of the Central Adirondacks give regional metamorphic temperatures of 670–780° C, in general agreement with cation and solvus thermometry.Data for amphibolite and granulite grade marbles show a 12%oo range in δ13Ccal and δ13Cgr. A strong correlation between carbon isotopic composition and the abundance of graphite (Cgr/Crock) indicates that the large spread in isotopic compositions results largely from exchange between calcite and graphite during closed system metamorphism. The trends seen in δ13C vs. Cgr/Crock and δ13Ccal vs. δ13Cgr could not have been preserved if significant amounts of CO2‐rich fluid had pervasively infiltrated the Adirondacks at any time. The close fit between natural data and calculated trends of δ13C vs. Cgr/Crock indicates a biogenic origin for Adirondack graphites, even though low δ13C values are not preserved in marble.Delamination of 17 graphite flakes perpendicular to the c‐axis reveals isotopic zonation, with higher δ13C cores. These isotopic gradients are consistent with new graphite growth or recrystallization during a period of decreasing temperature, and could not have been produced by exchange with calcite on cooling due to the sluggish rate of diffusion in graphite. Samples located >2km from anorthosite show a decrease of 0.5‐0.8%oo in the outer 100 μ of the grains, while samples at distances over 8 km show smaller core‐to‐rim decreases of c.0.2%oo. Correlation between the degree of zonation and distance to anorthosite suggests that the isotopic profiles reflect partial overprinting of higher temperature contact metamorphism by later granulite facies metamorphism. Core graphite compositions indicate contact metamorphic temperatures were 860–890° C within 1 km of the Marcy anorthosite massif. If samples with a significant contact metamorphic effect (Δ(cal‐gr) <3.2%oo) are not included, then the remaining 38 granulite facies samples define the relation Δ13C(cal‐gr) = 3.56 ± 106T‐2 (K).
Retrograde metamorphic reactions in deforming granites and the origin of flame perthite
Authors: PRYER L. L. , ROBIN P.‐Y. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMicroprobe analyses of feldspars in granite mylonites containing flame perthite give compositions that invariably plot as three distinct clusters on a ternary feldspar diagram: orthoclase (Or92–97), albite and oligoclase‐andesine. The albite occurs as grains in the matrix, as flame‐shaped lamellae in orthoclase, and in patches within plagioclase grains.We present a metamorphic model for albite flame growth in the K‐feldspar in these rocks that is related to reactions in plagioclase, rather than alkali feldspar exsolution. Flame growth is attributed to replacement and results from a combination of two retrograde reactions and one exchange reaction under greenschist facies conditions. Reaction 1 is a continuous or discontinuous (across the peristerite solvus) reaction in plagioclase, in which the An component forms epidote or zoisite. Most of the albite component liberated by Reaction 1 stays to form albite in the host plagioclase, but some Na migrates to form the flames within the K‐feldspar. Reaction 2 is the exchange of K for Na in K‐feldspar. Reaction 3 is the retrograde formation of muscovite (as ‘sericite’) and has all of the chemical components of a hydration reaction of K‐feldspar. The Si and Al made available in the plagioclase from Reaction 1 are combined with the K liberated from the K‐feldspar, to produce muscovite in Reaction 3. The muscovite forms in the plagioclase, rather than the K‐feldspar, as a result of the greater mobility of K relative to Al. The composition of the albite flames is controlled by both the peristerite and the alkali feldspar miscibility gaps and depends on the position of these solvi at the pressure and temperature that existed during the reaction. Using an initial plagioclase composition of An20, the total reaction can be summarized as:20 oligoclase + 1 K‐feldspar + 2 H2O = 2 zoisite + muscovite + 2 quartz + 15 albiteplagioclase+ 1 albiteflame.This model does not require that any additional feldspar framework be accreted at replacement sites: Na and K are the only components that must migrate a significant distance (e.g. from one grain to the next), allowing Al to remain within the altering plagioclase grain. The resulting saussuritization is isovolumetric.The temperature and extent of replacement depends on when, and how much, water infiltrates the rock. The fugacity of the water, and therefore the pressure of the fluid, may have been significantly lower than lithostatic during flame growth.
Evolution of fluid pressure and fracture propagation during contact metamorphism
Authors: DUTROW B. , NORTON D. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Rock fracture enhances permeability and provides pathways through which fluids migrate. During contact metamorphism, fluids contained in isolated pores and fractures expand in response to temperature increases caused by the dissipation of heat from magmas. Heat transport calculations and thermomechanical properties of water‐rich fluids demonstrate (1) that thermal energy is a viable mechanism to produce and maintain pore fluid pressure (Pf) in a contact metamorphic aureole; (2) that the magnitude of Pf generated is sufficient to propagate fractures during the prograde thermal history (cause hydrofracture) and enhance permeability; and (3) that Pf‐driven fracture propagation is episodic with time‐scales ranging from years to thousands of years. Because Pf dissipation is orders of magnitude faster than P, f buildup, Pf oscillations and cyclical behaviour are generated as thermal heating continues. The Pf cycle amplitude depends on the initial fracture length, geometry and the rock's resistance to failure whereas the frequency of fracture depends on the rate of heating. Consequently, oscillation frequency also varies spatially with distance from the heat source.Time series of fluid pressures caused by this process suggest that cyclical fracture events are restricted to an early time period of the prograde thermal event near the intrusive contact. In the far field, however, individual fracture events have a lower frequency but continue to occur over a longer time interval. Numerous fracture cycles are possible within a single thermal event. This provides a provisional explanation for multiple generations of veins observed in outcrop. P
f cycling and oscillations may explain several petrological features. If pore fluids are trapped at various positions along a pressure cycle, the large amplitude of Pf variations for small fractures may account for different pressures recorded by fluid inclusions analysed from a single sample. Pf oscillations, during a single thermal episode, also drive chemical reactions which can produce complex mineral textures and assemblages for discontinuous reactions and/or zoning patterns for continuous reactions. These can mimic polymetamorphic or disequilibrium features.Temporal aspects of fracture propagation and permeability enhancement also constrain the likely timing of fluid flow and fluid‐mineral interactions. These data suggest that fluid flow and fluid‐mineral reactions are likely to be restricted to an early period in the prograde thermal history, characterized by high Pf coincident with relatively high temperatures, fracture propagation and consequent increases in permeability. This early prograde hydration event is followed by diffusional peak metamorphic reactions. This relationship is evident in the complex mineralogical textures common in some metamorphosed rocks.
Community Health Diagnosis in Nursing
Authors: Muecke Marjorie A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA review of the historical evolution of the concept of community health diagnosis in nursing identifies sources of ambiguity that have impeded making the goals and values of community health nursing operational. Refinements of meaning in the conceptualization of the community health diagnosis that focus upon the community as the primary level of analysis are suggested. Implications of this reconceptualization of the practice of community health nursing are considered in guidelines for developing community health diagnoses and in an example of the diagnosis of a Mien refugee community's responses to health problems.
The Development of Mental Health Consultation to a Foster Care Placement Agency
Authors: Pearson Geraldine Sanner 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the demographic data of latency‐aged foster children and the reasons for their placement away from birth parents. It also discusses the particular behavior and psychiatric problems that might precipitate referral to a mental health clinic. It then details a program developed to assess and treat those children having minimal involvement of foster or birth parents in their therapy. A consultation/collaboration model theorized by Caplan is applied to the program that developed. A case example is given and the roles of caseworker and mental health clinician are examined.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AN ANSWER TO THE DILEMMAS OF COMMUNITY NURSING?
Authors: Goeppinger Jean 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSome issues that are salient to contemporary community nursing practice, including goals, levels of practice, roles, and settings are presented. Different positions on each issue are discussed. The opportunities offered for resolution of these issues by the construct of primary health care, as defined by the World Health Organization (Director‐General's Report, 1975), are emphasized.
The Importance of Influencing Nursing Students' Attitudes Toward Older Adults
Authors: Rose Molly A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this quasi‐experimental study was to determine if a course in gerontology would improve baccalaureate senior nursing students' attitudes toward older adults and increase their interest in working with older persons as clients. The course concentrated on aging as a positive experience. Clinical experience involved health assessment and health promotion with well older people in their homes and in senior citizen centers. Attitudes of students who were enrolled in the course were compared to those of fellow classmates who were not. As predicted, those who participated in the gerontologic course scored significantly higher on a “facts on aging” quiz and showed a more positive net bias toward older adults than the control group. Their interest in working with older people also increased. More emphasis must be placed on decreasing stereotype attitudes of nurses. Those who view the older adult in a more positive image will be increasingly likely to become involved in program planning and research in the area of health promotion and disease prevention for the older population.
Networking
Authors: Puetz Belinda E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNetworking involves establishing and using contacts for information, support, and other assistance in order to achieve career goals. Public health nurses must understand the concept, process, and techniques of networking. There are do's and don'ts for effective networking, as well as methods of organizing nurses' networking efforts. The basics of this enjoyable and practical way to get ahead in the profession and to help others at the same time are presented.
Gerontologic Primary Care: A Community‐Centered Experience for Nursing Students
Authors: Hudson Margaret F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe mismatch between the American health care system and the health care needs of our older adults is well documented (Butler, 1975; Schwab, 1977). All too often, available services are oriented to acute care, fragmented, poorly coordinated, and not readily accessible. Meeting the complex health care needs of our older adults is a major challenge to our ingenuity and resourcefulness, especially in light of the fact that American health care expenditures have reached 10 percent of our gross national product. This article tells of one approach to help alleviate this problem.
The Poor: A Population at Risk
Authors: Pesznecker Betty L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper formulates an updated, multidimensional model of poverty and discusses nursing research and practice implications based on the model. The older, traditional cultural and structural models of poverty are compared and contrasted with special attention to the perpetuating impact of stigmatization. From analysis of the older views of poverty, an updated model is proposed that emphasizes investigation of inter‐relationships among environmental, individual/group, and mediating factors. Drawing from concepts of social learning theory, maladaptive and adaptive responses to the situational environments of the poor are explored. There is a focus on the major emotional responses to poverty such as depression, anomie, feelings of powerlessness, and low self‐efficacy. Finally, specific nursing interventions for the client as well as at higher political levels are assessed.
Use of an Ecologic Model to Identify Children at Risk for Infection and to Quantify the Expected Impact of the Risk Factors
Authors: McFarlane Judith 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInfection and malnutrition and the effects of their interaction account for the majority of childhood deaths and chronic deficits in growth and development in Latin America. To promote child heath, the determinants of infection and malnutrition must be identified and cost‐effective interventions applied.Medical examinations of 988 children (age 2 weeks to 14 years) living at three altitudes in northem Chile revealed that 393 (40%) of the youngsters harbored one or more infections. When sorted by region and ethnicity, indigenous children of the highlands had infection rates 50 percent higher than those of Spanish descent living near the coast.An ecologic model was used as an organizing framework to illustrate the relationships among variables. Measurement of these variables revealed that health, age, and education of the mother were statistically significant predictors of child health, as were the child's nutrient intake and medical history. Traditional measurements of child health (weight, height, family wealth, and paternal occupation) did not differentiate between well and infected children.Policy implications are suggested for further validation. To focus on selected child health needs, such as feeding programs or immunization campaigns, without simultaneously attending to the environment from which the needs arise could be an inappropriate use of time, personnel, and money.
A Community ‐Based Support Group for Families and Patients After Acute Coronary Disease
Authors: Mallick M. Joan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA community‐based support group has been organized for patients with coronary disease and their families. Participants differed from those in other groups because an extensive amount of time had elapsed between their first coronary event and their becoming active in the group. While many of the issues raised resembled those addressed by similar groups described elsewhere, the support patterns used by participants were also different. Of most significance was the fact that the patients were able to support their spouses and relieve long‐standing anxiety. Implications for public health nursing include the development of groups for these chronically ill patients, focusing on the needs of the spouses, and structuring groups to encourage mutual support.
Social Resources, Health Resources, and Preventive Health Behavior: Patterns and Predictions
Authors: Kulbok Pamela Porter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to test the resource model of preventive health behavior (PHB) that incorporates social and health resources as causes of good health habits. The findings were based on survey data collected in 1979 on a national probability sample of 3,025 adults. Factor analysis was used to construct indexes of PHB and of health. Five PHB factors were regressed on education and income; on three health factors; and on control variables age, sex, and race. The model predicted dental and fitness factors. Higher education and the health factor of better health comparison consistently predicted the PHB factors. It was concluded that several types of PHBs are unrelated to one another and that the causes of these specific PHBs do vary.
Nursing and Medicine: Complementary Modes of Thought and Action
Authors: Pridham Karen F. , Hansen M. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper explores collaborative practice by examining the modes of thought and action that nursing and medicine use in dinical problem solving. The characteristics that define and differentiate nursing and medicine establish the perspectives of the professions, and these perspectives contribute to and limit the two different ways of interpreting reality. In collaborative practice, the set of problems defined by a specific client and by each discipline becomes part of the context of clinical problem solving for both nurses and physicians. Means are suggested to clarify the process of nursing assessment or diagnosis and its relationship to corresponding processes in medicine. Such analysis helps to define the contributions that nursing makes to health care.
Establishing Mutual‐Help Groups for Family‐Member Care Givers: A New Role for Community Health Nurses
Authors: Pesznecker Betty L. , Zahlis Ellen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractToday, an ever increasing percentage of the population is becoming elderly. As a result, the number of families becoming involved in caring for an elderly relative is also increasing. These family care givers are at risk for developing emotional and physical problems brought about by stresses and strains inherent in this role. Community health nurses are in a unique position to support these persons by creating mutual‐help groups. Such groups help to supply care givers with a forum for continuing problem solving and inform them of resources available within the community.
Practicing Autonomously: A Comparison of Nurses
Authors: Wood Joan E. , Tiedje Linda Beth , Abraham Ivo L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractForty‐five subjects including community health nurses with baccalaureate nursing degrees, senior‐level generic nursing students, and registered nurses in a baccalaureate nursing program were compared on age, years of employment in nursing, and three variables of professional autonomy: nurses' rights and responsibilities, the nurse‐patient relationship, and nurses' role in health care delivery. It was predicted that nurses from baccalaureate programs and those practicing in community health nursing would perceive themselves as more autonomous and that age and years of employment in nursing would not appreciably alter perceptions of autonomy. An analysis of variance confirmed the initial prediction at the 0.01 level of significance or better for nurses' rights and responsibilities and their role in health care delivery. A significant negative correlation was obtained between age and nurses' rights and responsibilities for the community health nurses; a significant positive correlation was obtained between years of work experience and nurses' rights and responsibilities for only the registered nurses. This study is perceived as an initial step in a lengthy process aimed at identifying factors that influence nurses' perceptions about professional autonomy.
An Evaluation of Consistency in Baccalaureate Public Health Nursing Education
Authors: Blank Jacqueline J. , McElmurry Beverly J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA national study was conducted to determine the public health nursing content and clinical experiences faculty include in the baccalaureate preparation of nurses and the degree of consistency that exists among these programs. The concept of professionalism provided a framework for determining standardization in educational preparation. Data were collected using a mailed questionnaire distributed to all National League for Nursing‐accredited baccalaureate programs and completed by the person responsible for the public health nursing curriculum. The questionnaire obtained information related to theory and practice objectives. A response rate of 82 percent (n= 275) was obtained after follow‐up mailings and telephone calls. Content analyses of responses allowed us to identify curricular components most and least emphasized in baccalaureate public health nursing education as well as a core curriculum in public health nursing. Overall, the nursing educators were more consistent in the emphasis placed on areas of clinical competence than on public health nursing concepts. Public health nursing educators are encouraged to consider what constitutes the theoretical base for public health nursing practice.