bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STEROIDS IN NEWBORNS AND INFANTS
Authors: Gustafsson J.-Å. , Shackleton C. H. L. , Sjövall J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The major 3β-hydroxy-Δ5 steroids in the monosulphate and disulphate fractions of faeces from infants 2 weeks to 6 months of age have been assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The steroid concentration was highest in a pool of faeces collected from infants 6 to 8 weeks of age, viz: 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 300 μg/100 g; 3β,16β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one, 360 μg/100 g; 5-androstene-3β,16α,17β-triol, 570 μg/100 g; 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 810 μg/100 g; 3β-hydroxy-5,16-pregnadien-20-one, 240 μg/100 g; 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one, 1670 μg/100 g; 5-pregnene-3β,20α-diol, 700 μg/100 g and 5-pregnene-3β,16α,20α-triol, 220 μg/100 g. The quantitative relationships between the steroids changed with increasing age of the infants. In the samples collected from infants older than three months of age, 5-pregnene-3β,20α-diol replaced 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one as the principal steroid metabolically related to 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. A comparison between the daily excretion of 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one in the faeces and the published values for the urinary excretion of this steroid, suggests that during early infancy as much steroid is excreted in the faeces as in the urine.
ACTION D'UNE SUBSTANCE PROGESTATIVE SYNTHETIQUE 17α-ALLYL-4-OESTRENE-17β-OL SUR LA DIFFERENCIATION SEXUELLE DES FOETUS DE RAT
Authors: Jost Alfred , Moreau-Stinnakre Marie-Georges 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Allylestrenol was given to pregnant rats from day 13 to day 20 or 21 of pregnancy. Four different treatments were used: 1) drug given subcutaneously to castrated mother animals 2) drug given subcutaneously to non castrated mothers; 3) drug given by mouth to castrated mothers; and 4) drug given by mouth to non castrated mothers. At term anomalies of the genital tract of the female foetuses were observed in groups 2, 3 and 4; the highest frequency and severity was observed in group 4, and the lowest in group 2. The trans-intestinal route and the presence of the maternal ovaries favour the occurrence of anomalies (by metabolic conversion of the drug?). The males were normal.
In the female foetuses the main anomalies were: complete or partial persistence of the Wolffian ducts in many foetuses; inhibition of the separation of the posterior vaginal cord from the urethra; slight anterior flexure of the uro-genital sinus and some increase in the length of the ano-genital distance; slight anomalies of the genital tubercle.
In females from group 4, reared postnatally until adult, the Wolffian ducts retrogress and there is late development of the vaginal cord (and duct); but the posterior vagina and the clitoris remain abnormal.
The anomalies produced by allylestrenol in females are more similar to those produced by oestrogens than to those produced by androgens (the latter are permanent and include masculinization of the uro-genital sinus). But in pregnant rats given oestrogens the male foetuses are abnormal.
It is not justifiable to interpret the persistence of Wolffian ducts or vaginal inhibition at birth as signs of masculinization when they are not permanent, since similar transient anomalies can be produced by oestrogens.
For these reasons, and also for testing the reproductive capacities of animals treated pre-natally with steroids, the evaluation of the effect of a new compound on the young should include postnatal rearing and study.
NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN URINE DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Jänne O. , Vihko R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A disulphate fraction of the steroids in the urine of pregnant females was separated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. The steroids in this fraction showed the mobility of steroid disulphates on thin-layer chromatography, paper chromatography and high-voltage paper electrophoresis. After solvolysis, the free steroids were fractionated on silicic acid and by thin-layer chromatography. Fractions containing dihydroxylated C19 and C21 steroids were obtained. Using gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the following 18 steroids were identified in the disulphate fraction of neutral steroids in late-pregnancy urine: 5α-androstane-3α,17α-diol, androst-5-ene-3β,17α-diol, androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol, 18-hydroxyandrosterone, 17α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16β - hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 3β,17β-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-16-one, 5α-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, 5α-pregnane-3β,20α-diol, 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, 5β-pregnane-3β,20α-diol, pregn-5-ene-3β,20α-diol, 3β,16α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 16α-hydroxypregnenolone, 3α,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 3β,21-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 3α,21-dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one and 21-hydroxypregnenolone. 5α-Pregnane-3β,20α-diol was the most abundant steroid in the fraction analysed, and preliminary quantitative data suggest that sulphate-conjugated pregnanediols and 21-hydroxypregnanolones are excreted mainly as disulphates in late pregnancy urine. The origin of these maternal urinary steroids is discussed.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF C19 STEROIDS IN RAT LIVER. 6. HYDROXYLATION OF 4-ANDROSTENE-3,17-DIONE IN RAT LIVER MICROSOMES
Authors: Gustafsson Jan-Åke , Lisboa Belisário P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following incubations of androstenedione with 105 000 × g microsomes of adult male rat liver, 6β-, 6α-, 7α-, 16α-, and 18-hydroxyandrostenedione were isolated by thin-layer chromatography and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After incubations with testosterone the only 3,17-dioxo-Δ4-steroids formed were 6β- and 7α-hydroxyandrostenedione. 6β- and 18-Hydroxyandrostenedione were isolated after incubations with 6β- and 18-hydroxytestosterone, respectively. The relative importance of the 17-oxo- and the 17β-hydroxy-pathways in the formation of 3,17-dioxo-Δ4-C19O3 steroids is discussed.
ASSOCIATION OF JUVENILE DIABETES MELLITUS, PRIMARY OPTIC ATROPHY AND PERCEPTIVE HEARING LOSS IN THREE SIBS, WITH ADDITIONAL IDIOPATHIC DIABETES MELLITUS INSIPIDUS IN ONE CASE
Authors: Ikkos D. G. , Fraser G. R. , Matsouki-Gavra E. , Petrochilos M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A family is described showing the association of juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and mild perceptive deafness inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is pointed out that concomitant diabetes insipidus has predominantly involved females suffering from this association.
DISTRIBUTION OF MALE AND FEMALE STEROID SEX HORMONES IN SOME ORGANS OF THE MALE RAT
Authors: Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
[6,7-3H] 17β-Oestradiol with a specific activity of 42.4 Ci/mmole was injected intramuscularly into three to four month old male rats, castrated three days previously. The radioactivity in liver, skeletal muscle, blood, the anterior pituitary gland, the seminal vesicles and in the different prostatic lobes was measured by liquid scintillation counting at different intervals after the administration. A high and prolonged uptake of radioactivity was found in the anterior pituitary gland. The uptake by the accessory sex organs was much lower, but significantly higher than that by skeletal muscle. The uptake by the prostate and the seminal vesicles in castrated animals was similar to that in non-castrated animals.
The pattern of radioactivity uptake in the anterior pituitary gland of castrated male rats given [3H] testosterone was distinctly different from that after administration of [3H] 17β-oestradiol. There was a rapid elimination of radioactivity from the adenohypophysis after the administration of [3H] testosterone.
COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYTIC STUDIES DURING CONTINUOUS USE OF LOW DOSE GESTAGEN
Authors: Nilsson Inga Marie , Kullander Stig , Åstedt Birger 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Coagulation factors and the fibrinolytic system were studied in 28 apparently healthy women using low dose gestagen continuously as a contraceptive (0.5 mg chlormadinone acetate daily). The fibrinolytic activity in the blood was also assessed after venous stasis. In 10 of the women determinations were also made of the content of activators of fibrinolysis in the walls of the veins by means of Todd's histochemical method. In contrast to what is seen after the use of contraceptive preparations of combined or sequential type, no changes were found in the factors studied. The increase in the fibrinolytic activity normally produced by venous stasis was not inhibited. The content of activators of fibrinolysis in the walls of the veins was unchanged.
BLOCKADE OF OVULATION IN THE RAT BY ETHANOL
Authors: Kieffer J. David , Ketchel Melvin M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
At 1 p. m. on the day of prooestrus (day 0), ethanol (7.9 g/kg, sc), pentobarbital (40.50 mg/kg, ip), or 0.01 n HCl (20 ml/kg, sc) was administered to rats which had previously displayed regular oestrous cycles. Counting of tubal ova at autopsy on the morning of day 1 revealed that ovulation was significantly inhibited by each of these substances. Results from an ethanol-treated group autopsied on the morning of day 2 suggest that the ethanol blockade lasted for at least 2 nights. When administration of ethanol was delayed until 6 p. m. on day 0, ovulation was not inhibited.
Administration, at 2:30 p.m. on day 0, of HCG (100 IU/rat, sc) or LH (93–400 μg/kg, sc) reversed the blockade of ovulation caused by the 3 substances described above.
Despite its conspicuous effects on ovulation, ethanol altered only an insignificant proportion of the vaginal smears taken. Pentobarbital and HCl did not affect the smears of any of the rats tested.
The conclusion was reached that ethanol inhibits ovulation in rats, primarily by blocking the ovulatory surge of LH. This inhibition may account for the previously reported antifertility effect of ethanol in rabbits.
STEROID SYNTHESIS IN A HUMAN VIRILISING ADRENAL CARCINOMA – SOME UNUSUAL FEATURES
Authors: Cameron E. H. D. , Hammerstein J. , Jones D. , Morris S. , Griffiths K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient presenting at the Universitäts-Frauenklinik, Berlin with a long history of increasing hirsutism and virilism provided an opportunity to study an unusual form of adrenal hyperfunction. It was found that she behaved abnormally with respect to the dexamethasone suppression test since her highly elevated 17-oxosteroid output further increased by approximately 400% with 8 mg/day dosage. Her basal 17-hydroxycorticosteroid output was elevated but not grossly so, nor did she exhibit the usual signs of Cushing's syndrome of weight increase and florid complexion.
At operation a »tennis ball« size adrenal carcinoma was removed from the left side. Incubation studies were performed on sliced tumour tissue with substrates [1-14C] acetate, [7α-3H] pregnenolone, [4-14C] progesterone and [4-14C] androst-4-ene-3,17-dione. The frozen incubation mixtures were subsequently flown to Cardiff for steroid analysis by reverse radioisotope dilution techniques.
The combined urinary and incubation results suggested that, in vivo, the tumour secreted DHA and not DHA sulphate and that there appeared to be a considerable deficiency of DHA-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5−4-isomerase and of DHA-3β-sulphokinase activities although the steroid-11β-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase activities seemed unimpaired.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIVER CELLS IN WOMEN UNDER STEROID THERAPY
Authors: González-Angulo Amador , Aznar-Ramos Ramón , Márquez-Monter Héctor , Bierzwinsky Guillermo , Martínez-Manautou Jorge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An electron microscopic study of liver biopsies of women under steroid therapy was carried out. Liver biopsies taken with a Menghini needle from five healthy young women during their last trimester of pregnancy revealed elongation, gigantism and lamellar osmiophilic matrical inclusions in approximately 10% of the population of mitochondria per cell examined.
Liver biopsies taken from six women with hydatidiform mole and from one women with choriocarcinoma revealed mild focal dilatation and vesiculation of both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial modifications were present and included gigantism, pleomorphism and also lamellar osmiophilic inclusions in 10 to 20% of the cases. In one case of hydatidiform mole this change was present in more than 60% of mitochondria examined. The findings are not interpreted as pathological but rather as an exaggeration of a physiological change brought about by an increased metabolic demand during pregnancy or else to a more direct effect of steroid hormones on liver cell organelles.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIVER CELLS IN WOMEN UNDER STEROID THERAPY
Authors: Martínez-Manautou Jorge , Aznar-Ramos Ramón , Bautista-O'Farrill Jorge , González-Angulo Amador 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An electron microscope study was carried out on liver biopsies of fourteen young healthy women under different types of contraceptive therapy. Six women had received an oestrogen-free progestogen (chlormadinone acetate) daily in microdoses for 38 to 44 months. Four were under a combination of oestrogens and progestogens for 63 to 104 months, and four were under sequential therapy, three of these during a six month period and one for a period of 67 months. Liver biopsies were taken from eight women as control material. The changes found in subjects under contraceptive therapy were a moderate dilatation and vesiculation of the rough and smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum both in the women treated with microdoses of progestogens, and in those treated with a combination of progestogens and oestrogens. A more marked vesiculation of this organelle was present in those women under sequential medication. Elongation of mitochondria with crystalloid inclusions in their matrices was found in 5 to 10% of the whole population of mitochondria per cell examined in the chlormadinone treated women. The same changes were seen in 20 to 40% in women with combined and sequential therapy. In one case of this last group the mitochondrial modifications were found in more than 60%. Other changes included fatty vacuolation which was more marked when combined and sequential types of treatment were given. Control biopsies were considered as normal. All these changes are regarded as reversible and are thought to represent a response of the liver parenchymal cell to the presence of steroid hormones.
STEROID FORMATION IN PORCINE OVARIAN TISSUE IN VITRO
Authors: Aakvaag Asbjørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of a 10 000 × g × 10 min supernatant of porcine ovarian tissue homogenate has been studied using pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone as substrates. The products, progesterone and androstenedione respectively, were isolated by repeated paper and thin layer chromatography in a radiochemically pure form, and the reaction velocities were calculated from the amount of product isolated. The apparent Michaelis-Menten's constants were 2.6 × 10−7 mol/l for pregnenolone and 1.1 × 10−7 mol/l for dehydroepiandrosterone. These low values indicate that the enzyme has very strong affinity for the substrate. This may possibly be the basis for the inability of the porcine ovary to produce androstenedione in vitro via the Δ5-pathway. At a pregnenolone concentration of 4.8 × 10−6 mol/l a significant substrate inhibition was observed, but no such inhibition was seen with dehydroepiandrosterone. A synthetic gestagen, chlormadinone acetate, inhibited 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The inhibition was non-competitive with regard to the pregnenolone conversion, and of a more complex type for dehydroepiandrosterone. At equimolar concentrations of substrate and inhibitor, 1.5 × 10−6 mol/, the inhibition was of the order of 80-85%. This inhibition may be quite important in the ovary of the sow because of the inability of this tissue to utilize the Δ5-pathwaw for androstenedione formation.
DISAPPEARANCE RATE OF PROGESTERONE FOLLOWING SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM AND THE FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT IN WOMEN
Authors: Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following simultaneous removal of both the corpus luteum and the foetoplacental unit in the first trimester of human pregnancy, the calculated half life (t½) of endogenous progesterone* in peripheral plasma is dependent on the interval between surgery and the intervals between which the samples are taken. During the first 5 to 6 min after uterotomy the disappearance rate is high and the calculated t½ is 6 min. During the following 5 to 6 min a marked inflection of the slope is observed. The calculated t½ from the second part of the curves is 95 min. When tritiated progesterone is given as iv infusion prior to uterotomy, the disappearance curves for labelled and endogenous progesterone parallel each other. However, when labelled progesterone is given as a single iv injection, the second part of the curves is steeper than when iv infusion is given, i. e. t½ is 43 min. The difference might be explained by assuming a two compartment model of distribution and metabolism. In addition, when a single iv injection of tritiated progesterone is given to an intact pregnant woman and a postmenopausal woman, the second part of the curves is fairly similar, the calculated t½ being 45 and 42 min respectively.
THE EFFECT OF DIET AND AGE ON THE RESPONSE TO CALCITONIN IN RATS
Authors: Sørensen O. H. , Hellesen C. , Hindberg Inge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hypocalcaemic effect of calcitonin has been found to be most pronounced in rats younger than approximately 10 weeks.
If the rats are kept on a fixed diet for 24 h before an experiment, a low calcium/high phosphate diet is most suitable. When, however, the diet is maintained for longer periods, the growth rate must be taken into consideration as a high growth rate is essential for an optimal response to calcitonin.
The enhancing effect of an intravenous dose of phosphate on the response to calcitonin has been confirmed.
ROLE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN PERPHENAZINE-INDUCED LACTATION
Authors: Ben-David M. , Sulman F. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Mammary growth and secretion were induced in adult virgin female rats by daily injections for 5 days of 5 mg/kg perphenazine, a prolactin releaser. In adrenalectomized or adreno-ovariectomized rats, such treatment given immediately after operation induced considerable mammary growth but in no case was milk secretion established. While treatment with cortisol alone (10 mg/kg) did not produce mammary secretion, its combination with perphenazine (5 mg/kg) resulted in maximal mammary growth and copious milk secretion in intact and adrenalectomized animals as well as in oestradiol-primed ovariectomized or adreno-ovariectomized rats. Cortisol also potentiated the galactopoietic effect of perphenazine in lactating animals.
It is concluded that the adrenal cortex is of lesser importance for the perphenazine-induced first stages of mammary growth (mammogenesis), but that the presence of the adrenal hormones is required both for the initiation of milk secretion (colostrogenesis) and for its maintenance (galactopoiesis).
REGULATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF OESTROGEN PRECURSORS IN THE FOETUS
Authors: Oakey R. E. , Heys R. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary oestrogen excretion was increased in women pregnant with a normal or hydrocephalic foetus who were given metyrapone, a drug known to stimulate corticotrophin secretion by a mechanism which involves inhibition of cortisol biosynthesis. In contrast, women pregnant with an anencephalic foetus showed no change in oestrogen excretion. Since C19 steroids of adrenal origin are the precursors of these oestrogens, it is concluded that androgen production by the foetal adrenal can be stimulated by ACTH secreted by the foetal pituitary in response to a lowering of the concentration of cortisol in the foetal plasma.
Comparison of 17-oxogenic steroid excretion in women with a normal and an anencephalic foetus suggests that the foetal adrenal may make a contribution to the production of these steroids in normal pregnancy.
FURTHER STUDIES ON A SOLUBLE ANDROGEN-MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEX FROM THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE
Authors: Unhjem Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ability of various steroids and metabolic inhibitors to influence the binding of androgen to soluble macromolecules in the rat ventral prostate was evaluated in vitro. The results obtained revealed some structural requirements of steroids for binding to the macromolecules. An androstane skeleton with the α-configuration of the hydrogen atom at position 5 seemed to be essential for binding as well as a keto group at position 3. N-ethylmaleimide, Na-iodoacetate and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited the binding of androgen to macromolecules. The androgen-macromolecular complexes appeared to be rather stable at temperatures below 5°C.
STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE AND BINDING OF 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE CELL NUCLEI IN VITRO
Authors: Unhjem Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following incubation of rat ventral prostate homogenates with 1,2-3H]-5α-dihydrotestosterone, the steroid was taken up and bound by the nuclei. Sodium chloride extraction of the nuclei removed macromolecules which might at least be partially responsible for the binding. Purified nuclei which were incubated with the radioactive steroid in either Tris-EDTA buffer or a 105 000 × g supernatant fraction prepared from the organ showed a lower degree of binding. Gel filtration chromatography of sodium chloride extracts from these nuclei disclosed binding of steroids to macromolecules. In all the experiments the steroids bound by nuclei consisted of unchanged 5α-dihydrotestosterone.
TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM
Authors: Hagenfeldt K. , Plantin L.-O. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of neutron activation analysis, the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese, sodium and potassium were studied in endometrial biopsy specimens taken from six apparently healthy, normally menstruating volunteers. Quadruplicate endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from each of the subjects during four consecutive cycles in the following phases: a) early proliferative (days 6–10), b) late proliferative (days 11–14), c) early secretory (days 15–18) and d) late secretory (days 22–27). An analysis of variance of the data revealed that the human endometrium in the early proliferative phase is characterized by significantly elevated concentrations of manganese (P < 0.001), sodium (P < 0.01) and potassium (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the late secretory endometrium is characterized by a highly significant rise in its zinc concentration (P < 0.001), accompanied by a highly significantly decreased concentration of sodium (P < 0.001) and potassium (P < 0.001). The copper concentration of the secretory endometria was significantly higher than that of the proliferative endometria (P < 0.001). The significance of the findings was the same, whether values were expressed per g protein, or per g wet tissue.
It is suggested that the high concentrations of zinc and copper associated with low levels of manganese, sodium and potassium at the expected time of implantation may be a reflection of changes in endometrial enzyme activities.