bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic reticulosis: A malignant lymphoma of b‐cell lineage
Authors: Lin Ching‐Zong , Shu Chih‐Hung , Lin Siu‐Huie , Yeh Hsin‐Mei , Chen Min‐Sun , Liu Shian‐Min , Chang Ping , Chen Po‐Min 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhether the pathogenesis of polymorphic reticulosis is from T cells, B cells, or histiocytes has been controversial. In this study, the Southern blot hybridization technique was used to analyze immunoglobulin and T‐cell receptor β‐chain genes and to perform the conventional surface marker analysis in two patients with polymorphic reticulosis. The immunophenotype demonstrated the presence of predominantly mature, activated T‐lymphocytes, minimal B‐cells, and no natural killer cells or monocytes/granulocytes. The mature T‐cell phenotype could be due to either inflammatory infiltrates or neoplastic cells of peripheral T‐cell type, because the two coexist in polymorphic reticulosis tumors. The value of surface marker examination is limited in the analysis of PMR tumors. However, genetic analysis revealed that only Ig genes were rearranged, with no rearrangement of the TCRβ gene. Rearrangement of immunoglobulin genes occurs in B‐lineage lymphoid neoplasms and is thought to be a criterion for diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasms. Based on genetic analysis and clinicopathologic information, this study concluded that polymorphic reticulosis is a malignant lymphoma of B‐cell lineage.
Rhinomanometry 1988: Practice and trends
Authors: Cole Philip 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report discusses characteristics and measurement of transnasal pressures and flow of respiratory air, indices of nasal airway patency, and components of contemporary rhinomanometric systems. Sources of error that can result from mucovascular fluctuation and from the use of face masks and nasal nozzles are delineated. Useful adjuncts to rhinomanometry include microcomputation and plethysmography. State‐of‐the‐art transducers and microcircuitry add reliability and economy. Aerodynamic parameters closely correlated with chronic obstructive nasal symptoms have yet to be determined. Nevertheless, resistance calculated from concomitant measurements of transnasal pressure and flow, as recommended by the International Committee on Standardization of Rhinomanometry, provides a practical index of nasal patency and aids the exchange of rhinological information.
Unusual presentations of lymphoma of the head and neck in childhood
Authors: Weisberger Edward C. , Davidson Darrell D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLymphoma of the head and neck in children can pose a significant diagnostic problem, especially when histologic analysis indicates non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and the initial site of involvement is extranodal.This report describes 15 pediatric cases of lymphoma seen from 1981 to 1987 with an initial presentation in the head and neck. Cervical lymph nodes represented the initial site of involvement in 10 of the cases. The other five cases presented with disease in the tonsillar fossa; maxillary sinus and mandible; parotid; pharyngeal wall; trachea and thyroid gland; and ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, and anterior fossa. The histologic type was non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in 12 cases and Hodgkin's lymphoma in 3 cases.Our experience has shown that lymphoma of the head and neck in children presents a confusing clinical picture and was initially confused with inflammatory disease, polymorphic reticulosis, and other neoplasms such as rhabdo‐myosarcoma.In one patient, Epstein‐Barr virus infection and an inherited immunodeficiency state probably played a role in the pathogenesis of the lymphoma.
Intranasal and transantral ethmoidectomy: A 20‐year experience
Authors: Friedman William H. , Katsantonis George P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEthmoidectomy is an operation that has engendered controversy concerning the best route of surgical access. The purpose of this study was to present the results of the authors' experience in more than 1300 intranasal spheno‐ethmoidectomies and transantral sphenoethmoidectomies performed over a 20‐year period. The authors contend that the most effective ethmoidectomy is the most complete ethmoidectomy and have previously presented a case for ethmoid marsupialization. Polyp recurrence rates of less than 20% and a major complication rate of less than 1% were reported in this study.
The use of fibrin glue in intracranial procedures: Preliminary results
Authors: Sierra David H. , Nissen Alan J. , Welch Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntracranial procedures always have the potential of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage postoperatively. Sealing all routes of CSF drainage to the outside of the intracranial contents is essential. This is usually achieved with muscle and fat plugs, homograft dura, fascia, and suture. The use of a fibrin glue might affect and lessen the likelihood of a CSF leak. Eight clinical cases of various intracranial procedures using a simple, two‐part patient autologous cryoprecipitate fibrinogen and bovine thrombin glue are described. Preliminary results of up to 1 year show no CSF leakage nor adverse reactions to the fibrin glue. The production method and material characteristics are briefly compared with other currently described autologous fibrin glue formulations. This version is similar in strength to other formulations, yet is simpler and more convenient to produce.The use of this autologous fibrin glue appears to provide an adjunct to commonly employed packing techniques in a convenient and effective manner. With more experience, fibrin glue might become an even more important tool in intracranial procedures.
The functional result of mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Komisar Arnold 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA study was performed to determine if patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction were functionally rehabilitated. Five parameters were evaluated: deglutition, mastication, cosmesis, diet, and the use of dentures.Deglutition was not improved in patients who had mandibular continuity restored. Problems with deglutition were related to soft tissue resection. Mastication was poorer in the reconstructed group due to scarring, loss of the muscles of mastication, and inhibition of compensatory mandibular motion. Cosmesis was improved in patients who had immediate restoration of mandibular continuity. Cosmesis was not improved in patients with delayed mandibular reconstruction due to previous scarring. Prosthetic rehabilitation was poor in both groups of patients.Reconstructed patients had a greater number of hospi‐talizations due to management of, or complications from reconstructive surgical procedures. The results of this study suggests that restoration of mandibular continuity does not enhance the functional rehabilitation of the majority of patients with oral‐pharyngeal malignancy.
Tolerance of gastric mucosal flap to postoperative irradiation
Authors: Devineni V. Rao , Hayden Richard , Fredrickson John , Sicard Gregorio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen malignant lesions of the oral cavity, base of tongue, and oropharynx are treated with radical resection, adequate reconstruction is required. The free gastric mucosal flap with microvascular transfer is being used with increasing frequency at Washington University Medical Center. Because of the advanced nature of the primary lesions, most patients also require postoperative radiation therapy. In this paper the tolerance of the gastric mucosal flap to postoperative radiation therapy is reviewed. The changes resulting from radiation therapy in the mucosal flap were found to be acceptable, and no major complications were encountered.
Basement‐membrane thickening of the vocal cords in sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Shatz Anat , Hiss J. , Arensburg B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSudden infant death syndrome remains the leading cause of death in infants between the ages of 1 month and 1 year. Diagnosis at autopsy is usually reached by process of elimination, as no obvious cause of death is recognized. The larynges of 23 sudden infant death syndrome victims, as well as 6 infants and 3 fetuses who died of other known causes, were examined in this study. While thickening of the basement membrane of the vocal cords was apparent in all sudden infant death syndrome victims, no such finding was present in the larynges of infants and fetuses dying of other causes. Thus, it is suggested that basement‐membrane thickening may serve as a diagnostic tool for identification of sudden infant death syndrome at autopsy.
Correlations between histopathological and biological findings in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its prognostic significance
Authors: Gallo Oreste , Gallina Ezio , Libonati Giacinto Asprella , Fini‐Storchi Omero , Bianchi Simonetta , Giannini Augusto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractForty‐five consecutive cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were morphologically and immunocyto‐chemically studied using monoclonal (anti‐B and anti‐T cell) and polyclonal (anti‐SlOO protein and antilysozyme) antibodies with the peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase method to identify infiltrating lymphocytes (T and B cell) and histiocytes (monocytic/mac‐rophagic and dendritic cells) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.A variable density of dendritic cells was found within the tumor nests in 22 (49%) of 45 nasopharyngeal carcinomas examined; infiltrating mac‐rophages were demonstrated in 15 (33%) specimens and around the tumor in almost all cases. Cases with moderate or marked density of dendritic cells (S100 + ) survived longer than those without such infiltration (mean 5‐year survival rates of 31%, 55%, or 64% in patients with absent, moderate, or marked densities, respectively; P<0.05).A significant relationship between monocytic/ macrophagic cells (lysozyme +) within the tumor and survival was also found (mean 5‐year survival rate of 27% or 61% in patients with absent, moderate, or marked densities, respectively).However, lymphocy tic infiltration was not statistically related to a better survival. Analyzing lympho‐cytic infiltration, we found a large prevalence of T cells in the neoplastic tissue without any prognostic significance.These data were correlated to different histo‐logical subtypes according to the principal histologi‐cal classifications of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (Micheau, et al.; World Health Organization; Cologne University) to individualize the scheme which correlates best with prognosis and biological features of nasopharyngeal carcinomas.Our data suggest that, considering dendritic cells and macrophages within cancer nests, nasopharyngeal carcinoma histiotypes can be correlated to patient prognosis.
Localization of glucocorticoid receptors and glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs in the rat cochlea
Authors: Ten Cate W‐J. F. , Curtis L. M. , Rarey K. E. , Small G. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe distribution of glucocorticoid (GR) receptor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and GR receptors was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. In situ hybridization histochemistry was performed with a biotin‐labeled riboprobe complementary to rat GR receptor mRNA. GR receptor mRNAs were demonstrated in spiral ligament cells, spiral limbus cells, and spiral ganglion cells. GR receptor mRNAs were demonstrated neither in cells of the stria vascularis nor in cells of the organ of Corti region. With the use of a monoclonal and a polyclonal antibody, GR receptors were observed in the spiral ligament cells, stria vascularis cells, spiral limbus cells, and spiral ganglion cells by immunocytochemistry. Binding of anti‐GR‐receptor antibodies to a lesser extent was observed in the organ of Corti region; however, cellular distribution of the GR receptors could not be resolved with the applied techniques. These results suggest that the GR receptor is expressed differently in the heterogeneous cochlear tissues.
Functional endoscopic surgery in children: A retrospective analysis of results
Authors: Parsons David S. , Phillips Scott E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe impact of chronic sinusitis on children has become more apparent as the awareness of the disease has increased. Consequently, the knowledge of its effect in the pediatric patient has expanded dramatically. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become the primary surgical modality for treatment of this illness in children who have not responded to optimal medical management. A retrospective study was conducted in patients from 7 months to 17 years of age who were treated with FESS for chronic sinusitis refractory to medical therapy. Using a comprehensive parental questionnaire and a review of the medical charts, results were analyzed from these post‐FESS children. Parents of the children were interviewed with a mean follow‐up time of 21.8 months postoperatively. Factors discussed included chronic nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, postnasal drip, chronic cough, halitosis, headaches, behavioral problems, allergies, and asthma symptoms. This preliminary investigation suggests that FESS is effective in treating medically recalcitrant severe chronic sinusitis in children.
Configuration of the glottis in laryngeal paralysis. II: Animal experiments
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is widely believed that in isolated recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, the paralyzed vocal fold assumes a median or paramedian position, due to the action of the cricothyroid muscle. A review of the literature reveals that support for this theory is not conclusive and, in particular, experiments indicate that the cricothyroid muscle does not appreciably affect vocal fold position in acute paralysis. The research in this study compares the configuration of the glottis in chronic unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in cats, with and without concomitant denervation of the cricothyroid muscle. Results indicate that vocal fold position is not determined by the cricothyroid muscle. Incomplete denervation of intrinsic laryngeal muscles as well as synkinetic reinnervation appear to be significant factors in determining vocal fold position in chronic laryngeal paralysis.
Effects of acid on the larynx of the maturing rabbit and their possible significance to the sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Wetmore Ralph F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been shown to result from a variety of causes. One group of neonates at high risk for SIDS includes those who develop apnea secondary to gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Reflux has been shown to produce apnea in infants, and aggressive treatment results in significant improvement in symptoms.Because it is a site of resistance in the airway, the larynx plays an important role in the development of apnea. Through its sensory innervation, the larynx also serves as the afferent limb for reflexes that regulate respiration. In order to investigate the relationship between obstructive apnea and central apnea induced by the instillation of acid on the larynx, simulating GER, a rabbit model was developed. Maturing rabbits at 15‐day intervals up to 60 days of age were studied using saline and acid solutions. Acid solutions produced obstructive apnea in all age groups. With acid solutions, central apnea occurred in all age groups but had a peak incidence at 45 days. Gasping respirations were seen in all groups but were most common at 30 days of age. Although obstructive and central apnea occurred together as mixed apnea, both types of apnea were seen independently of each other.Acid instilled on the larynx of maturing rabbits resulted in significant obstructive, central, and mixed apnea. Gasping respirations and frequent swallowing were frequent associated symptoms. Acid‐induced obstructive apnea in rabbits mirrors symptoms seen in human infants with GER. Central apnea in infants with GER is seen less commonly; however, central apnea as the result of laryngeal stimulation has been demonstrated repeatedly in several animal models. Central apnea, culminating in fatal asphyxia, has been described in several animal models. The larynx appears to play a pivotal role in the development of apnea in susceptible infants with GER.
Indications for the ao plate with a myocutaneous flap instead of revascularized tissue transfer for mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Disher Michael J. , Esclamado Ramon M. , Sullivan Michael J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOur preferred technique for mandibular reconstruction uses a revascularized osseomyocutaneous flap. However, to reconstruct small lateral defects in dentulous patients, the AO mandibular reconstruction plate (MRP) is used. Its advantages include quick, reliable placement without a donor site or the need for advanced technical training.This review examines 16 patients who underwent primary mandibular reconstruction after ablative oncologic surgery using an AO MRP without a bone graft. The average follow‐up was 32 months. Twelve patients (75%) had successful reconstructions, while 4 (25%) developed serious complications resulting in failure of the MRP. The most significant factor limiting rehabilitation was disease progression, affecting 12 (75%) of the 16 patients.In this subgroup of selected patients with small (<6 cm) lateral mandibular defects, useful dentition, and advanced disease, or whose general medical condition precludes prolonged general anesthesia, primary mandibular reconstruction using an AO MRP and a myocutaneous flap without a bone graft is a viable reconstructive alternative.
Partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis for subglottic stenosis in infants and children
Authors: Monnier Philippe , Savary Marcel , Chapuis Germain 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFifteen infants and children with a severe subglottic stenosis underwent a partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis. The etiology of the stenosis was congenital in 3 cases and was acquired after prolonged intubation in 12. Fourteen patients were tracheotomy dependent at the time of surgery, and 13 (87%) of the 15 were classified grade III (7 cases) and IV (6 cases) according to Cotton. The resection included the cricoid only in 5 cases and the cricoid and a segment of trachea (1 to 4 rings) in 10 cases.Decannulation was achieved after a single open procedure in 14 (93%) of the cases. The authors encountered no lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and no fatalities. There was, however, 1 restenosis. Twelve cases were decannulated within 6 months, most of them at 2 months. The postoperative voice is normal in 10 cases, and a slight dysphonia is present in 4 cases. Twelve patients show no exertional dyspnea, and 2 exhibit a slight stridor while practicing sports. Ten of 14 cases have been followed for more than 5 years, with the longest follow‐up now being 14 years. In all cases, the laryngotracheal development is normal.The results of this small series compare favorably with those of laryngotracheoplasty procedures usually performed for subglottic stenosis in infants and children. In the future, partial cricoid resection with primary tracheal anastomosis should be considered as an important treatment option for severe subglottic stenoses in infants and children.
Cochlear implantation in young children: Histological studies on head growth, leadwire design, and electrode fixation in the monkey model
Authors: Burton M. J. , Shepherd R. K. , Xu S. A. , Xu J. , Franz B.K‐H.G. , Clark G. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor safe cochlear implantation in children under 2 years of age, the implant assembly must not adversely affect adjacent tissues or compromise head growth. Furthermore, growth changes and tissue responses should not impair the function of the device.Dummy receiver‐stimulators, interconnect plugs, and leadwire‐lengthening systems were implanted for periods of 36 months in the young monkey to effectively model the implantation of the young child. The results show that implanting a receiver‐stimulator package has no adverse effects on skull growth or the underlying central nervous system. The system for fixing the electrode at the fossa incudis proved effective. There was marked osteoneogenesis in the mastoid cavity, resulting in the fixation of the lead‐wire outside the cochlea.This study provides evidence for the safety of cochlear implantation in young subjects.
Sensorineural hearing loss from quinolinic acid: A neurotoxin in middle ear effusions
Authors: Yellon Robert F. , Rose Elizabeth , Kenna Margaret A. , Doyle William J. , Casselbrant Margaretha , Diven Warren F. , Whiteside Theresa L. , Swarts J. Douglas , Heyes Melvyn P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractQuinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous metabolite that exerts a neurotoxic effect by binding to specific neuronal receptors. Studies involving a broad spectrum of infectious and inflammatory central nervous system diseases have suggested a role for QUIN in causing neuronal injury. Since there is evidence for presence of the QUIN receptor in mammalian cochleas, QUIN was measured in middle ear effusions (MEEs). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detected QUIN in each of 65 diluted human MEEs, with a mean of 482 ± 75 (SEM) nmol/L and a range from 15 to 2667 nmol/L. QUIN was also detected in each of 197 chinchilla MEEs from five different models of otitis media, with a mean of 10.6 ± 1.3 (SEM) μmol/L and a range from 0.23 to 146.0 μmol/L (corrected for dilution).To determine whether QUIN causes sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), QUIN solutions were placed on round window membranes (RWM) for 20 to 240 minutes, in 20 chinchillas. SNHL was detected by electocochleography in QUIN‐exposed animals, but not in saline controls. We conclude that QUIN is present in MEEs and that QUIN in the middle ear has the potential to cross the RWM and cause sensorineural hearing loss, possibly by binding to specific neuronal receptors in mammalian cochleas.
Cytokines in experimental otitis media with effusion
Authors: Johnson Michael D. , Fitzgerald John E. , Leonard Gerald , Burleson Joseph A. , Kreutzer Donald L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStudies in the authors' laboratory have recently demonstrated the presence of potent inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) in human middle ear effusions. The clinical significance of this finding has not been fully elucidated because of the limitations of human studies. We hypothesized that the chinchilla model of otitis media may be an appropriate system with which to study the role of cytokines in otitis media with effusion. To begin to investigate this possibility, 30 chinchillas underwent surgical blockage of the eustachian tube (ET) to promote effusion development. After 2 weeks, examination by otoscopy demonstrated 27 ears to have developed an effusion. Next, all middle ear clefts, in random manner, were either injected with heat‐killed Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 × 106 in 0.1 mL normal saline, injected with 0.1 mL normal saline alone, or received no injection at all. Middle ear effusions were obtained and analyzed for IL‐1β and TNFα by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study demonstrated a significant correlation between IL‐1β and the presence of an effusion (P<.001). Additionally, increased TNFα levels correlated with bacterial component presence (P<.001), i.e., mean TNFα level was 108, 10.8, and 0 pg/mL in bacteria, normal saline, and noninjected ears, respectively. These findings would suggest that cytokine expression may relate to specific pathological conditions and that the chinchilla model for otitis media with effusion (OME) could be used to further explore the role of cytokines in OME.