bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AUGMENTATION OF THE RAT UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN BY VARIOUS STEROIDS
Authors: Hipkin L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) augments the activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the rat by increasing endogenous pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. The following experiments were undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect. Androstenedione (40 μg), dihydrotestosterone (200 μg) and testosterone (200 μg) augmented the rat uterine weight response to 0.5 IU of HCG. At these doses, the steroids did not affect basal uterine weight although this was increased when 1 mg of a steroid was injected. Androsterone (1 mg), 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (1 mg) and progesterone (200 μg) neither augmented HCG activity nor increased basal uterine weight. Ovarian weight differences were not significant in any of the experiments.
Androstenedione, DHA, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone (200 μg dose level) did not significantly affect the uterine weight of castrated animals, and responses to 0.04 μg of oestradiol were not potentiated.
The results with androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone are identical to those obtained with DHA and suggest that these steroids may also increase pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.
POSSIBLE MODE OF ACTION OF CLOMIPHENE
Authors: Chatterjee Amar , Gupta Tarun , Sengupta Kamal 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Clomiphene, a synthetic non-steroidal agent, when injected into rats at a dose level of 3.0 mg/kg b. w. on days 5, 7 and 9 of pseudopregnancy causes termination of decidual growth. Moreover, its administration on days 12, 14, 16 and 18 of pregnancy causes death and resorption of the foetuses leaving regressing placentae at the sites of their attachment in the uteri. Luteolysis and ovarian poly-follicular conditions were also evident in both instances. Concomitant administration of prolactin or progesterone along with the clomiphene consistently prevented the interruption of clomiphene-induced lysis of deciduoma, gestation and other associated ovarian abnormalities. It is suggested that the abnormal development of the follicular apparatus possibly caused by the clomipheneinduced endogenous FSH during pseudopregnancy or pregnancy is the most likely explanation for the termination of decidual growth or gestation in rats.
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN MALE PUBERTY
Authors: Knorr D. , Bidlingmaier F. , Butenandt O. , Fendel H. , Ehrt-Wehle R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone was investigated by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector in a cross-sectional study in childhood and during puberty in 214 boys. The testosterone values were correlated with sexual characteristics such as axillary hair, pubic hair, testicular size and bone age.
In 22 individuals during puberty a longitudinal study was started, indicating a very steep increase of plasma testosterone between 40 and 240 ng/100 ml. This stage is mostly passed through very rapidly within 10 months.
Plasma testosterone, growth velocity and weight gain were correlated in two boys during puberty. The peak of growth spurt occurs between 50 and 170 ng of plasma testosterone.
THE UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF [4-14C]TESTOSTERONE IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER GROWN IN ORGAN CULTURE
Authors: Geier Avraham , Horn Hadassah , Lichtshtein Esther , Levij I. S. , Finkelstein Michael 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake and metabolism of [4-14C]testosterone was studied in 10 tissue samples of human female breast grown in organ culture. Four samples were from carcinomas, 4 were non-cancerous tissue from the uninvolved part of the cancer bearing breast, and two were from fibroadenomas. In all cases testosterone was metabolized to androstenedione, androsterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstanedione and androstanediol. The non-cancerous tissues showed greater retention, uptake and conversion of testosterone into metabolites than the cancerous tissues. The retention of testosterone in the fibroadenomas samples was lower than that in samples of either cancerous or non-cancerous tissue. The uptake and conversion of testosterone into metabolites in one case of fibroadenoma was similar to that seen in cancerous tissue samples but in the other case it was considerably higher.
PARTICIPATION OF HORMONE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Maor D. , Englander T. , Eylan E. , Alexander P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immunization of weanling rats with sheep erythrocytes leads within 24 hours to an increase in DNA synthesis in the spleen but not in the lymph nodes. Growth hormone, insulin and oestradiol, given together with the antigen, increase the response of the spleen to antigenic stimulation, and initiate a pronounced increase in DNA synthesis of the lymph nodes in response to antigen. On the other hand, thyrotrophin reduces the rate of DNA synthesis in spleen and in lymph nodes following antigenic stimulation. When administered singularly, only growth hormone and insulin increase DNA synthesis in spleen, but not in lymph nodes.
It is suggested that growth hormone, oestradiol, or insulin are involved in the proliferative response of lymphoid organs following an antigenic stimulation.
PITUITARY THYROTROPH FUNCTION IN HYPOTHYROID RATS
Authors: Ching Melvin , Evans Alison B. , Evans Edward S. , Joseph Shirley , Sorrentino Sandy 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The suggestion has been made that the substantial increases in pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH) concentration reported in hypothyroid rats by some workers might be attributable to incomplete surgical thyroidectomy or partial goitrogen block. An attempt, therefore, was made to correlate the severity of hypothyroidism with the storage and release rate of TSH. Female and male Long-Evans rats were made hypothyroid either by surgical thyroidectomy or by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). Rats were also surgically or chemically thyroidectomized and injected daily with subnormal doses of thyroxine (T4) so as to ameliorate the hypothyroidism. Pituitary and serum levels of TSH were quantified, both by bioassay (stasis tadpole), and radioimmunoassay. The results showed TSH reduced in the pituitary of the severely hypothyroid rat. In both females and males, amelioration of the hypothyroidism with small chronic doses of T4 did not increase bioassayable or immunoassayable TSH stores. Paradoxially, bioassay showed serum TSH titers increased in females inversely proportional to the apparent severity of the hypothyroidism. However, radioimmunoassay of the sera of males, whose hypothyroidism was ameliorated by T4, revealed no significant increases in TSH over thyroidectomy controls. Therefore, the results were unclear as to whether subnormal quantities of T4 increase TSH release from the pituitary. The differences in serum TSH concentration between hypothyroid-ameliorated females and males are not attributable to sex or to differences in the reliability between the bioassay and immunoassay. However, bioassayable increases in TSH stores may perhaps reflect an influence exerted by pituitary gonadotrophins or sex steroids.
STUDIES ON PLASMA SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES
Authors: Van den Brande J. L. , Kootte F. , Tielenburg R. , van der Wilk M. , Huyser T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Since responses to growth hormone (GH) have a well-defined species specificity, these studies were undertaken to determine whether responses to somatomedin exhibited similar specificity. Heparinized plasma from 10 different species ranging from fish to man was accordingly assayed for somatomedin-like activity in rat, pig, monkey and human cartilage. The magnitude of 35SO4-uptake was assessed by previously described methods and the parallelity of curves compared.
A stimulating effect was obtained with plasma from man, monkey, pig, horse, cow, dog, rat and possibly the turtle, whereas pigeon and fish plasma had either no effect or showed an inhibitory effect. Although some species differences with regard to slope and magnitude of response were observed, it was concluded that inter-species responses to somatomedin are far less restricted than interspecies responses to growth hormone. This suggests that unless the overall somatomedin-like activity measured in this assay can be attributed to substances which are quantitatively and/or qualitatively different in the various species, the species specificity of growth hormone exists at the level of somatomedin induction rather than in specificity of the somatomedin produced.
The response of human cartilage to somatomedin from a series of other mammals opens up practical possibilities for large scale preparation of this hormone from non-human sources.
PARATHYROID HORMONE SECRETION IN DISORDERS OF CALCIUM METABOLISM STUDIED BY MEANS OF EDTA
Authors: Lockefeer J. H. , Hackeng W. H. L. , Birkenhäger J. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 22 of 28 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) the rise in the serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IRPTH or PTH) level observed in response to lowering of the serum calcium by EDTA, exceeded that obtained in 8 control subjects. In 5 of these 22 patients who were studied again after parathyroidectomy the supranormal response was abolished. Fifteen of these 22 hyper-responsive PHP patients had basal IRPTH levels not exceeding the highest level in the controls and that of other groups of patients investigated (idiopathic hypercalciuria, non-parathyroid hypercalcaemia, operated PHP). Fourteen of the 22 hyper-reactive patients with PHP did not show hypocalcaemia during the infusion of EDTA. The extent of the release of PTH elicited by EDTA in cases of PHP does not as yet allow a prediction of the amount of pathological parathyroid tissue present, although all the PHP patients showing a normal release of PTH had a relatively small mass of parathyroid tissue (up to about 1 g) subsequently removed. In 9 cases of nephrolithiasis (8 of whom had idiopathic hypercalciuria) and in 7 cases of non-parathyroid hypercalcaemia, a normal PTH release was found.
LH, FSH AND TESTOSTERONE IN PLASMA FOLLOWING LH-RH INFUSION: A COMBINED TEST FOR PITUITARY AND LEYDIG CELL FUNCTION
Authors: Kley H. K. , Wiegelmann W. , Nieschlag E. , Solbach H. G. , Zimmermann H. , Krüskemper H. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of LH-RH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone) on plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone (T) and cortisol was studied in 13 normal men and in 9 men with adrenal, testicular, pituitary and hypothalamic disorders.
Rapid and dose-dependent (25–100 μg LH-RH) increases in plasma LH were observed and reached peak levels 20–30 min after the intravenous LH-RH injections. No rise in plasma T was seen with these doses. During an 8½ hour infusion of 300 μg LH-RH a rapid increase of LH occurred and the levels remained elevated for the duration of the infusion. The increase in FSH was neither as great nor as constant. Following stimulation of LH and FSH, a statistically significant rise in plasma T occurred in the normal subjects (20–70 %). No effect of LH-RH on the adrenal cortex could be detected by measuring cortisol during the infusion. In 3 patients with Addison's disease the increase in testosterone did not differ from that in normal subjects. From these studies a LH-RH infusion test for pituitary and testicular function was designed: 50 μg LH-RH iv at 8 a. m. followed by 250 μg infusion from 8:30 a. m. to 4:30 p. m. The clinical value of the test has been demonstrated in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, craniopharyngioma and Kallmann's syndrome. The test provides a useful method for localizing the lesions in disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis.
USE OF A POST-MENOPAUSAL SERUM POOL AS A REFERENCE PREPARATION FOR RIA OF GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Nakamura Robert M. , Nagata Yukihiro , Osborn Claire , Mishell Daniel R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was undertaken whereby measurements of concentrations of FSH, LH and HCG in serum were performed by a solid phase radioimmunoassay technique utilizing both pituitary (LER-907) and urinary (2nd IRP HMG and 2nd HCG) extracts as well as various serum and plasma pools for reference preparations. These pools were prepared in our laboratory as well as by the MRC. In addition, serial dilutions of these preparations were also measured by RIA. Curves obtained by these serial dilutions were linearized by probit transformation in order to determine parallelism. For LH and FSH, the post-menopausal serum or plasma pools yielded more consistent results than the reference preparations of pituitary or urinary origin indicating both the latter preparations were not satisfactory reference preparations for RIA of gonadotrophins. For HCG either a serum pool obtained from pregnant women or the 2nd HCG were satisfactory reference preparations. Although long term study for the stability of both frozen and lyophilized serum and plasma pools needs to be undertaken, the results of this study have shown during a period of two years that these plasma or serum pools have been a reliable laboratory reference preparation for RIA of gonadotrophins.
GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSES TO FRUCTOSE IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Davidson Mayer B. , Steele Roger M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Since fructose is normally metabolized in diabetics and has recently been shown to stimulate GH secretion, it was used to assess GH responses in diabetics. Fourteen diabetics (9 on insulin) and 8 controls matched for weight were studied. Fructose, infused over 10 min, was compared to arginine, infused over 30 min, both at 0.5 g/kg. Samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min and GH responses assessed as area under the curve minus the fasting area.
There was no significant difference between the GH responses in diabetics and controls to either agent. Responses to arginine and fructose were significantly correlated (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) in all subjects, but not related to therapy, duration of disease or fasting glucose (75–287 mg/100 ml) in the diabetics. Oral glucose blunted the GH response to fructose in 2 controls. It is concluded that 1) fructose can stimulate GH secretion in male diabetics; 2) however, fructose-stimulated GH responses are not increased in diabetes mellitus.
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION INDUCED BY 9α-FLUOROCORTISOL IN RATS
Authors: Hepp R. , Garbade K. , Oster P. , Gross F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In unilaterally nephrectomized rats, 9α-fluorocortisol (9α-FF), in doses of 0.3 and 1.0 mg given daily by intramuscular injection, induced an increase in blood pressure that was independent of additional sodium supply. 9α-FF reduced weight gain and, in the dose of 1.0 mg, increased fluid turnover when 0.9 % saline was given to drink. Haematocrit values were elevated, whether saline or water was given as drinking fluid. The serum sodium concentration was increased when saline was offered, but normal with water as drinking fluid. The serum potassium concentration was diminished in all groups that received 9α-FF. The renin content of the kidney was markedly depressed in all groups that had 9α-FF. The degree of suppression was similar in the groups that had saline and those that had water to drink. Under 9α-FF, plasma concentration of angiotensin II was virtually zero when saline was given to drink, but about ¼ to ½ normal when drinking fluid was water. It is concluded that the type of hypertension developing under high doses of 9α-FF resembles glucocorticoid rather than mineralocorticoid hypertension.
PLASMA ALDOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN ANEPHRIC CHILDREN
Authors: Birkhäuser M. , Godard C. , Loirat C. , Vallotton M. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of extractive haemodialysis and of postural changes on the plasma aldosterone concentration has been studied in 5 anephric children. The plasma aldosterone concentration tended to be lower after haemodialysis in spite of the extracellular volume depletion induced. No regular response occurred after orthostatism. There was no correlation between the plasma aldosterone and the plasma cortisol or the serum sodium concentration. A weak positive correlation was found between the plasma aldosterone and serum potassium concentration, suggesting that potassium may play a major role in aldosterone regulation in the anephric state.
INFLUENCE OF OOPHORECTOMY, LUTEECTOMY, FOETAL DEATH AND DEXAMETHASONE ON THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTROGENS AND PROGESTERONE IN THE PREGNANT MACACA MULATTA
Authors: Bosu W. T. K. , Johansson E. D. B. , Gemzell C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of bilateral oophorectomy, luteectomy, dexamethasone injections and foetal death on the peripheral plasma levels of oestrogens1) and progesterone was studied in pregnant rhesus monkeys. After bilateral oophorectomy and luteectomy, pregnancy proceeded normally and the plasma levels of oestrogens and progesterone attained levels similar to those in intact monkeys, but the progesterone levels after parturition were comparatively lower. Dexamethasone injections into pregnant monkeys had no deleterious effect on the outcome of gestation. Abrupt and dramatic decreases in total oestrogens, oestrone and oestradiol levels occurred during dexamethasone injections into intact and oophorectomized pregnant monkeys but no significant changes in progesterone levels in plasma were observed. Spontaneous intra-uterine foetal death was accompanied by decrease in oestrogens, but no changes in the plasma levels of progesterone. In experimentally induced foetal death, the oestrogen and progesterone levels in plasma decreased prior to abortion. These data demonstrate the relative influence of the ovaries, adrenals and the placenta on the maternal plasma levels of oestrogens and progesterone in the pregnant rhesus monkey.
REGULATION OF PLASMA OESTROGENS IN NORMAL ADULT MALES
Authors: Doerr Peter , Pirke Karl M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of plasma oestradiol (Oe2), oestrone (Oe1) and testosterone (T) to stimulation of the Leydig cells with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and to suppression with a synthetic androgen was ascertained in normal adult males. Three days after daily im injections with 5000 IU HCG, Oe2 increased from 1.93 to 5.66 ng/100 ml (mean of 12 subjects), Oe1 from 2.76 to 4.99 ng/100 ml, and T from 547 to 990 ng/100 ml. Thus, Oe2 increased on the average 3.07 times, Oe1 1.90 times, and T 1.86 times. Four days after oral administration of daily 40 mg fluoxymesterone (9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone), T decreased from 521 to 99.8 ng/100 ml (19.3 % of the control level, mean of 12 subjects), Oe2 from 1.93 to 0.66 ng/100 ml (34.9 % of the control level), and Oe1 from 3.14 to 2.23 ng/100 ml (72.5 % of the control level). Highly significant correlations were found between the pre-stimulation levels of Oe2 and Oe1, between the increments of Oe2 and Oe1 and of Oe2 and T after HCG stimulation.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH-RH) IN SERUM FROM MAN, SHEEP AND RAT
Authors: Jeffcoate S. L. , Fraser H. M. , Holland D. T. , Gunn A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been developed. Antisera were raised against the decapeptide conjugated to albumin in rabbits and against the 3-10 octapeptide conjugated to albumin in rats. LH-RH was iodinated with 125I and purified on Sephadex, the most immunoreactive fractions of the 125I-LH-RH being eluted after 125I. A serum assay was developed using a simple methanol extraction procedure. The rabbit antiserum could detect levels of LH-RH in the jugular vein of the sheep at various times and in the rat on the afternoon of pro-oestrus. The assay using the rat antiserum was 30 times more sensitive and could detect LH-RH in peripheral serum in man. 10-20 pg/ml in peripheral serum of man, but the RIA could be used to measure the disappearance and clearance of LH-RH after intravenous injection of large test doses (Jeffcoate et al. 1974a). In this study we describe the details of a RIA of LH-RH in serum from man, sheep and rat.
THYROGLOBULIN IN SERUM AFTER TSH STIMULATION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Hjort T. , Friis Th. , Lauridsen U. Birk , Persson I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroglobulin in serum was demonstrated by a haemagglutination-inhibition technique and a reversed haemagglutination technique. Circulating thyroglobulin was found in 12 of 15 hyperthyroid patients – both before and during treatment with methylthiouracil – but in none of 12 euthyroid subjects. In three hyperthyroid patients it was not possible to determine thyroglobulin, as thyroglobulin antibody was present in the serum.
After TSH stimulation thyroglobulin appeared in the serum of nine of the 12 euthyroid subjects and the thyroglobulin level increased in five of the 12 untreated and six of the 12 treated hyperthyroid patients. The serum thyroxine, T3 uptake in resin and 131I uptake in the thyroid gland at 4 and 24 h were increased after TSH stimulation in all the euthyroid cases; the hyperthyroid patients (both before and during treatment), however, only showed a slight but significant increase in serum thyroxine and 4 h 131I uptake, while the T3 uptake in resin and the 24 h 131I uptake did not rise at all.
LATS was found in serum of only five of 15 untreated hyperthyroid patients. No significant changes in the LATS content could be detected during treatment.
The increased content of thyroglobulin in the serum of hyperthyroid patients seems to be due neither to greater sensitivity to TSH nor to the influence of LATS.
INCREASE OF SERUM FREE THYROXINE FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF THIOCYANATE AND OTHER ANIONS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Michajlovskij N. , Langer P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the addition of thiocyanate (SCN−) to human and rat serum of 80 mg SCN−/ 100 ml (initial concentration before dialysis) a marked increase in serum free thyroxine (FT4) was found. The addition of equivalent doses of other antihyroid anions or permanganate showed a similar increase of FT4 in the order: BF4− < CIO4− = SCN− < MnO4−. The increase in the rat serum was greater than that in human serum. After peroral administration of these anions to the rats in amounts equal to 30 mg SCN−/rat the increase of FT4 was still higher.
The addition of increased doses of SCN− to the human and rat sera (5-80 and up to 1600 mg SCN−/100 ml) caused a linear increase of FT4. Similarly, after the administration of various doses of SCN− to rats (5-30 mg SCN−/rat) a linear dose-response of the FT4 level in serum was observed.
The time-course of the increase of % FT4 and absolute FT4 (AFT4) level after a single administration of SCN− to rats coincided with the increase of the serum SCN− level. However, after the disappearance of SCN− from the serum the % FT4 returned to the initial value, while the AFT4 was decreased.
The effect of these anions probably consists in the competitive displacement of thyroxine from serum thyroxine-binding proteins. These and previous results suggested that thiocynate influences the plasma protein-thyroxine equilibrium and the possible role of an increased free thyroxine level on the action of thyroxine on various tissues and the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid feed-back is discussed.