bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Collected Ticks From Benton County, Arkansas, and Prevalence of Associated Pathogens
Authors: Panella Nicholas A , Nicholson William L , Komar Nicholas , Burkhalter Kristen L , Hughes Holly R , Theuret David P , Blocher Bessie H , Sexton Christopher , Connelly Roxanne , Rothfeldt Laura , Kenney Joan L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The recovery of a Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae) tick from a dog in Benton County, Arkansas, in 2018 triggered a significant environmental sampling effort in Hobbs State Park Conservation Area. The objective of the investigation was to assess the tick population density and diversity, as well as identify potential tick-borne pathogens that could pose a risk to public health. During a week-long sampling period in August of 2018, a total of 6,154 ticks were collected, with the majority identified as Amblyomma americanum (L), (Acari: Ixodidae) commonly known as the lone star tick. No H. longicornis ticks were found despite the initial detection of this species in the area. This discrepancy highlights the importance of continued monitoring efforts to understand the dynamics of tick populations and their movements. The investigation also focused on pathogen detection, with ticks being pooled by species, age, and sex before being processed with various bioassays. The results revealed the presence of several tick-borne pathogens, including agents associated with ehrlichiosis (n = 12), tularemia (n = 2), and Bourbon virus (BRBV) disease (n = 1), as well as nonpathogenic rickettsial and anaplasmosis organisms. These findings emphasize the importance of public health messaging to raise awareness of the risks associated with exposure to tick-borne pathogens. Prevention measures, such as wearing protective clothing, using insect repellent, and conducting regular tick checks, should be emphasized to reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases. Continued surveillance efforts and research are also essential to improve our understanding of tick-borne disease epidemiology and develop effective control strategies.
A Fictionalist Account of Open-Label Placebo
Authors: Hardman Doug 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The placebo effect is now generally defined widely as an individual’s response to the psychosocial context of a clinical treatment, as distinct from the treatment’s characteristic physiological effects. Some researchers, however, argue that such a wide definition leads to confusion and misleading implications. In response, they propose a narrow definition restricted to the therapeutic effects of deliberate placebo treatments. Within the framework of modern medicine, such a scope currently leaves one viable placebo treatment paradigm: the non-deceptive and non-concealed administration of “placebo pills” or open-label placebo (OLP) treatment. In this paper, I consider how the placebo effect occurs in OLP. I argue that a traditional, belief-based account of OLP is paradoxical. Instead, I propose an account based on the non-doxastic attitude of pretence, understood within a fictionalist framework.
The Social Epistemology of Clinical Placebos
Authors: Rees Melissa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many extant theories of placebo focus on their causal structure wherein placebo effects are those that originate from select features of the therapy (e.g., client expectations or “incidental” features like size and shape). Although such accounts can distinguish placebos from standard medical treatments, they cannot distinguish placebos from everyday occurrences, for example, when positive feedback improves our performance on a task. Providing a social-epistemological account of a treatment context can rule out such occurrences, and furthermore reveal a new way to distinguish clinical placebos from standard medical treatments.
The Altruism Requirement as Moral Fiction
Authors: Semrau Luke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is widely agreed that living kidney donation is permitted but living kidney sales are not. Call this the Received View. One way to support the Received View is to appeal to a particular understanding of the conditions under which living kidney transplantation is permissible. It is often claimed that donors must act altruistically, without the expectation of payment and for the sake of another. Call this the Altruism Requirement. On the conventional interpretation, the Altruism Requirement is a moral fact. It states a legitimate constraint on permissible transplantation and is accepted on the basis of cogent argument. The present paper offers an alternative interpretation. I suggest the Altruism Requirement is a moral fiction—a kind of motivated falsehood. It is false that transplantation requires altruism. But the Requirement serves a purpose. Accepting it allows kidney donation but not kidney sale. It, in short, rationalizes the Received View.
Do States Really Sink Costs to Signal Resolve?
Authors: Altman Dan , Quek Kai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sinking costs to signal resolve has become a vital part of how the field of international relations (IR) understands crisis bargaining. The logic of a resolved state “burning money” to distinguish itself from an unresolved state is well established in theory. But do states choose to sink costs and burn money in practice? We address the question on two fronts. First, we collect and analyze the examples of sinking costs in the mainstream IR literature. We find almost no clear-cut cases of sunk-cost signals. Second, we argue that this is because states typically prefer other signaling strategies. Rather than burning money, states can expend those resources more constructively. In particular, states can invest in improving the probability of victory in war (“balance tilting”), or they can downpay the costs of war. We conclude that balance tilting and downpaying costs plausibly explain a great deal of state behavior in peacetime, in crises, and even in wartime.
A rare case of colorectal cancer metastasis to the pancreas: a case report
Authors: Eghlimi Hesameddin , Mirzadeh Moein , Movahedi Hamidreza , Tabrizi Tala 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer worldwide. On presentation, 20% of patients will have metastatic disease, and the most common sites for metastatic colon cancer are liver, lung, and peritoneum. Our patient was a 55-year-old man with a history of rectal adenocarcinoma cancer and colectomy surgery for the past 2 years, who had presented changes in bowel movements, rectal bleeding and thin. In the new visit and positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan, the results showed that there are two ill-defined foci of increased FDG (F-fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake in the body (metabolic diameter = 26 mm, SUVmax = 7.8) and tail (metabolic diameter = 13 mm, SUVmax = 7.4) of the pancreas gland, persisting on delayed images. Colon cancer metastasis to the pancreas is rare. The presence of masses in both the colon and pancreas could be a result of metastasis from the pancreas to the colon, metastasis from the colon to the pancreas, or synchronous primary cancers.
(O-09) VARIATION IN MICROSURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR VASECTOMY REVERSAL: EXPERIENCE FROM A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Crelier G M , Viterbo R G , Heleno H A , Nunes D P , Schiavini J L , Filho RdTF , Lara C M C , Junior H R J , Damião R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Vasectomy is a widely performed male sterilization surgery with rapid recovery. In Brazil, it is carried out following legal criteria for family planning. Vasectomy reversal is a procedure with a high success rate and is considered a cost-effective option compared to other fertility techniques. The microsurgical technique, developed in 1975, is widely adopted for reconstructing the vas deferens. Vasovasostomy is the gold standard technique, using non-absorbable sutures (9-0 or 10-0). The aim of this study is to correlate the literature's results with those achieved through the microsurgical technique employed at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital.

Method
This study was a retrospective and descriptive analysis of medical records and a review of the literature on a surgical technique. We analyzed 56 cases performed between January 2012 and December 2022 at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital. Additionally, scientific articles published between 1999 and 2022 were collected. Surgeries were performed under general or spinal anesthesia, using a single-layer technique with Prolene 7-0 sutures. All patients underwent sperm analysis at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

Results
A total of 56 vasectomy reversals were performed in patients with an average age of 42.91 years and an average interval of 7.65 years between vasectomy and reversal. The patency rate was 82.14%, and the pregnancy rate among those who were successfully reversed was 15.22%. Reversal was more successful (87.18% patency and 25% pregnancy) in patients with an interval of less than 10 years between surgeries.

Conclusion
The results of 56 vasectomy reversals by vasovasostomy using the modified microsurgical technique applied at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital demonstrated satisfactory patency and pregnancy rates, closely matching those reported in the literature. The technique proved to be effective and safe, with no significant complications.

Financing
No conflict.
(O-17) INCIDENCE OF CLIMACTURIA IN MEN WITH SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
Authors: Daher Carneiro Gamberini P , Ribeiro Filho H , Afonso Teixeira T , Pedrenho Neto R , Heggendorn Sayao R , Barbosa Neto C , Bessa Junior J , Hallak J , Luedy Amoedo F , Chiesa Gouveia Nascimento B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction and Purpose
Climacturia is defined as the involuntary loss of urine at the time of orgasm. Many series report incidences of climacturia greater than 50%. Even so, it remains a little-recognized symptom.
Our objective was to describe the incidence and characteristics of climacturia in patients undergoing RP in follow-up for erectile dysfunction (ED).

Method
We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of men after RP with complaints of refractory ED. Patients seen in the sexual medicine group, from June 2017 to March 2021, underwent a protocol consultation that asked about the presence of climacturia, its frequency, intensity and association with discomfort. Other factors such as the presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), the presence of arousal incontinence (AI) and demographic data were also recorded. Patients were also asked if they had received guidance on the possibility of having climacturia in the preoperative guidelines.

Results
Sixty patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 68 (±6.15) years. Climaturia at some point was reported by 40 patients (66.6%). Of these, 65% reported it occurring rarely or occasionally, while 35% reported it occurring frequently. The presence of AI was 26.3%, with all these patients reporting associated discomfort. In general, 50% reported that climacturia caused significant discomfort, while only 17.5% perceived discomfort from partnerships. The majority (93.3%) stated that they had not been previously warned about the possibility of this condition. Among patients who had climacturia, 16.6% had associated SUI, but this association was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
This preliminary analysis is one of the first to assess the Brazilian reality of the frequency of post-RP climacturia, corroborating the high incidence, impact on sexual life and lack of preoperative guidance. Its recognition is essential for better counseling to patients.

Financing
No conflict.
(O-22) EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF PATINTS UNDERGOING VASECTOMY REVERSATION AT PEDRO ERNESTO UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Authors: Crelier G M , Vasconcelos C V O , Rosa KOd , Schiavini J L , Filho RdTF , Lara C M C , Junior H R J , Damião R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Review of vasectomy reversal cases operated in the Urology department of HUPE. From January 2012 to January 2023, 61 vasectomy reversals were performed at Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto to correct obstructive azoospermia, with patients' ages ranging from 33 to 70 years and vasectomy time ranging from 2 to 15 years. Patients, except those who did not return for followup despite instructions, were followed up on an outpatient basis with sperm analysis 30 days after surgery and then every six months until the end of follow-up. Among the 42 patients who maintained outpatient follow-up (68% of the total), our casuistry presents 31 reverted patients (73% of this group), that is, with viable spermatozoa present in the spermogram. Of these, 4 patients managed to generate a pregnancy (12% of the reverted ones), with children still alive to date, 5 are no longer trying for personal reasons (16% of the reverted ones), and 22 are still trying (70% of the reverted ones). 11 patients were unsuccessful in reversal (26% of those who followed up). 19 patients lost outpatient follow-up (32% of the total).

Objectives
To observe the epidemiology of operated patients, analyzing the effectiveness of the procedure and understanding the fate of operated patients.

Methods
Work without control group, case series.

Results
High reversal rate, but with a low pregnancy rate and significant rate of loss to outpatient followup.

Conclusion
Through the analytical observation of epidemiology, outline conducts mainly regarding the outpatient follow-up of patients, given the high rate of loss to follow-up.

Financing
No conflict.
(O-28) CHRONOLOGY OF ENDOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE RECOVERY AFTER DISCONTINUATION OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY - RESULTS FROM A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Nascimento B C G , Pedrenho R , Zandoná P C E , Bessa Jr J , Bastos D A , Cordeiro M D , Coelho R , Nahas W C , Hallak J , Mulhall J P , Gomes C M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

I - Testosterone recovery after different androgen deprivation therapy regimens for prostate cancer varies widely (7-96%) in the literature, with data coming mainly from retrospective studies.
O - Evaluate testosterone recovery after ADT cessation prospectively.
M - This secondary analysis of a neoadjuvant ADT study for high-risk prostate cancer patients collected total testosterone (TT) levels at baseline and up to 12 months post-ADT cessation. Three recovery outcomes were assessed: return to non-castrate (TT &gt; 50 ng/dL), normal (TT ≥ 300 ng/dL), and baseline (BTB - TT ≥ baseline). A time-to-event analysis and multivariate analysis were conducted.
R - 1-year follow-up data from 53 patients (60 with at least 1 follow-up data. Mean age was 64.6 (± 5.89), 28% had diabetes (DM), and 61% had hypertension (HTN). Mean TT levels were 450 ng/dL (± 170) at baseline, 112.7 ± 96.9 at 3 months, 208.5 ± 197 at 6 months, 341.8 ± 172 at 9 months, and 381.1 ± 166 at 12 months. Figure 1 shows the cumulative incidence of each outcome over time. The median time to achieve T &gt; 50 was 5 months, for T &gt; 300 it was 9.1 months, and for BTB it was 13.1 months. At 1 year post-ADT discontinuation, 98.1% had returned to TT &gt; 50, 79.5% had TT &gt; 300, and 33.9% had returned to baseline level. In a multivariate analysis including DM, HTN, age, and baseline T, only baseline T was associated with a higher chance of recovery to normality (baseline T &gt; 450-88.5% vs. 46.9%, HR: 3.06, p &lt; 0.05).
C - In this prospective analysis, after discontinuing 3-month neoadjuvant ADT, most achieved normal T levels (80%) after 1 year, but less than half recovered to baseline levels.
Cumulative Incidence of each outcome

Financing
Janssen-Cilag Farmacêutica Ltda.
(O-33) PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PATIENTS WITH PENIS CANCER: REPORTS OF PATIENTS ACCOMPANIED AT THE UROLOGY ONCOLOGY OUTPATIENT CLINIC OF THE HOSPITAL DE CLINICAS DA UNICAMP
Authors: Silva I M , Naccarato A M E P , Matheus W E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Penile cancer (PC) mainly affects lower socioeconomic groups and those with less education. Patients who develop PC often experience symptoms for months before consult a urologist. The delay of the treatment affects the severity of the prognosis. Penectomy is still the best treatment available.
This study aims to understand the meaning of the experience of patients who had PC and underwent partial or total penectomy treatment.
Patients were approached and invited to participate. Upon acceptance, the nature of the research, objectives and all ethical precautions were explained. All patients were seen by the same psychologist. The technique used was the open interview. We interviewed 7 patients who had and treated penile cancer with partial or total penectomy. Data were collected through recording. Data processing followed the following steps: literal transcription of the interviews; description of interviews in formal language; first reduction seeking the meaning of the reported experiences; listing of the units of meaning of each of the interviews collected. The next step was to specify what is common in the interviewees stories in relation to their lived experience.
It is possible to see that CP is a debilitating experience for those who live it. QoL is affected, as is the experience of masculinity itself. It is a very uncomfortable experience, both before and after the treatment. The patient with CP lives with the symptoms for a long time before seeking a solution. It is concluded that the PC has multiple variables, and the number of reports that talk about how difficult it was to reach at the diagnosis, not only due to the patient's own denial of symptoms, but also due to the inefficient care received in countless consultations, brings the reflection on the quality of knowledge of the professionals who provide assistance to this population in relation to PC.

Financing
CAPES.
Beyond the metropolis: street tree communities and resident perceptions on ecosystem services in small urban centers in India
Authors: Anujan Krishna , Velho Nandini , Kuriakose Giby , Ebin P J , Pandi Vivek , Nagendra Harini 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Although 41% of the global urban population lives in smaller cities, the nature and trajectories of urban nature, ecosystem services and human-nature connections in smaller centers is relatively unknown. While megacities in developed countries move towards biophilic urban planning and participatory decision making, basic information on tree communities and their perceived services is a bottleneck in achieving these goals in such small urban centers. Through a combination of field measurements (258 transects, 931 trees) and semi-structured interviews (497 individuals), we assessed the street tree community and resident perceptions of ecosystem service values in two coastal cities on the west coast of India that are under rapid change. We found that mean street tree density is low in both cities, and corresponds to perceptions of recent change in tree cover (−28% in Kochi, −11% in Panjim). The street tree community in both cities were dominated by ornamental avenue trees such as Albizia saman and Peltophorum pterocarpum, but native coastal species like Cocos nucifera, Terminalia catappa and Thespesia populnea were also common. Despite recent urban growth, residents in both cities reported low value of trees for food, fodder and medicine, but high value for regulating services like shade and water. Moreover, we found strong evidence for aesthetic and cultural values of trees in both cities. Our study establishes critical baselines for biophilic planning in these small urban centers towards urban sustainability in India.
Prediction of Occult Hemorrhage in the Lower Body Negative Pressure Model: Initial Validation of Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Rashedi Navid , Sun Yifei , Vaze Vikrant , Shah Parikshit , Halter Ryan , Elliott Jonathan T , Paradis Norman A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Detection of occult hemorrhage (OH) before progression to clinically apparent changes in vital signs remains an important clinical problem in managing trauma patients. The resource-intensiveness associated with continuous clinical patient monitoring and rescue from frank shock makes accurate early detection and prediction with noninvasive measurement technology a desirable innovation. Despite significant efforts directed toward the development of innovative noninvasive diagnostics, the implementation and performance of the newest bedside technologies remain inadequate. This poor performance may reflect the limitations of univariate systems based on one sensor in one anatomic location. It is possible that when signals are measured with multiple modalities in multiple locations, the resulting multivariate anatomic and temporal patterns of measured signals may provide additional discriminative power over single technology univariate measurements. We evaluated the potential superiority of multivariate methods over univariate methods. Additionally, we utilized machine learning–based models to compare the performance of noninvasive-only to noninvasive-plus-invasive measurements in predicting the onset of OH.

Materials and Methods
We applied machine learning methods to preexisting datasets derived using the lower body negative pressure human model of simulated hemorrhage. Employing multivariate measured physiological signals, we investigated the extent to which machine learning methods can effectively predict the onset of OH. In particular, we applied 2 ensemble learning methods, namely, random forest and gradient boosting.

Results
Analysis of precision, recall, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed a superior performance of multivariate approach to that of the univariate ones. In addition, when using both invasive and noninvasive features, random forest classifier had a recall 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.81 to 0.86 with a precision 95% CI of 0.65 to 0.72. Interestingly, when only noninvasive features were employed, the results worsened only slightly to a recall 95% CI of 0.80 to 0.85 and a precision 95% CI of 0.61 to 0.73.

Conclusions
Multivariate ensemble machine learning–based approaches for the prediction of hemodynamic instability appear to hold promise for the development of effective solutions. In the lower body negative pressure multivariate hemorrhage model, predictions based only on noninvasive measurements performed comparably to those using both invasive and noninvasive measurements.