bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of Mycoplasma isolates from various body sites in dairy cattle with Mycoplasma mastitis
Authors: Biddle Mary K. , Fox Larry K. , Evans Marc A. , Gay Clive C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether Mycoplasma
strains typically associated with mastitis in dairy cattle
can be isolated from body sites other than the
mammary gland.

Design—Prospective clinical trial.

Animals—7 Holstein cows in various stages of lactation
with intramammary Mycoplasma infection.

Procedure—Milk samples, antemortem swab specimens
from various body sites, and postmortem swab
and tissue specimens were submitted for Mycoplasma
culture. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was
performed on chromosomal digests of all Mycoplasma
isolates. Isolates with the same number and size of
chromosomal digest bands were considered to be of
the same type.

Results—For each cow, all isolates obtained from
milk, mammary gland parenchyma, and supramammary
lymph nodes had the same PFGE pattern. All
cows had at least 1 isolate from nonmammary system
tissues that had the same PFGE pattern as isolates
from the mammary system. Overall, 44 of the
70 (63%) Mycoplasma isolates obtained from body
sites other than mammary system sites had the
same PFGE pattern as did mammary system isolates.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirmed
our hypothesis that Mycoplasma strains isolated
from the milk of dairy cattle with Mycoplasma
mastitis frequently have PFGE patterns identical to
those for strains isolated from other body sites, suggesting
that there is at least a potential for internal
transmission of Mycoplasma organisms. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2005;227:455–459)
Occurrence of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104 on a commercial swine farm before, during, and after depopulation and repopulation
Authors: Erdman Matthew M. , Harris Isabel T. , Torremorell Montserrat , Wilt Vincil M. , Harris D. L. Hank 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether depopulation-repopulation could be used to eradicateSalmonellaserotype Typhimurium DT104 from a commercial swine farm in the midwestern United States.Design—Observational study.Sample Population—A commercial swine farm undergoing depopulation-repopulation to eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus andMycoplasma hyopneumoniae.Procedure—Pooled fecal samples, tissue samples, and serum samples were collected from pigs on the farm before and after depopulation-repopulation. When there were no pigs on the farm, environmental swab specimens were collected for bacterial culture. Serum was analyzed for anti-Salmonellaantibodies with an indirect ELISA.Salmonellaisolates obtained by bacterial culture of fecal, tissue, and environmental samples were characterized by means of serotyping, phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Results—167Salmonellaisolates representing 9 serotypes were recovered from the farm. Results of PFGE and antimicrobial susceptibility testing suggested that S Typhimurium DT104 strain was not eradicated from the farm. However, seroprevalence of anti-Salmonellaantibodies and the percentage of pooled fecal samples positive forSalmonellaspp were significantly decreased following repopulation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that depopulation-repopulation in conjunction with stringent cleaning and disinfection, attention to biosecurity procedures, control of other diseases, and changes in feed management may reduce the occurrence of, but likely will not eliminate,Salmonellaspp in commercial swine herds. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:460–466)
Evaluation of the association between sex and risk of forming urate uroliths in Dalmatians
Authors: Albasan Hasan , Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To test the hypothesis that urate uroliths are uncommonly detected in female Dalmatians, compared with males.Design—Case-control study.Sample Population—Medical records of dogs evaluated at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America from 1981 to 2002 and compiled by the Veterinary Medical Database, and records of dogs with uroliths submitted for quantitative analyses to the Minnesota Urolith Center from 1981 to 2002.Procedures—Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess whether sex (male vs female) was a risk factor for urate urolithiasis.Results—In Dalmatians evaluated by veterinary teaching hospitals in North America, males were more likely (OR, 13.0) to form uroliths, compared with females. In Dalmatians that formed uroliths analyzed by the Minnesota Urolith Center, males were more likely (OR, 14.0) to form urate uroliths, compared with females. In all dogs (Dalmatian and non-Dalmatian) that formed uroliths analyzed by the Minnesota Urolith Center, males were also more likely (OR, 48.0) to form urate uroliths, compared with females.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—When conducting studies and formulating generalities about urate urolithiasis in Dalmatians, it is important to consider sex-related differences in urolith occurrence. Long-term dietary or drug protocols designed to minimize formation of urate uroliths in male Dalmatians may not be warranted in female Dalmatians. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:565–569)
Anesthetic potency of sevoflurane with and without nitrous oxide in mechanically ventilated Dumeril monitors
Authors: Bertelsen Mads F. , Mosley Craig A. E. , Crawshaw Graham J. , Dyson Doris H. , Smith Dale A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and assess the sevoflurane-sparing effect of coadministration of nitrous oxide in mechanically ventilated Dumeril monitors (Varanus dumerili).Design—Prospective crossover study.Animals—10 healthy adult Dumeril monitors.Procedure—Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen or sevoflurane in 66% nitrous oxide (N2O) with 34% oxygen, delivered through a face mask. Monitors were endotracheally intubated, and end-tidal and inspired isoflurane concentrations were measured continuously; MAC was determined by use of a standard bracketing technique. An electrical stimulus (50 Hz, 50 V) was delivered to the ventral aspect of the tail as the supramaximal stimulus. A blood sample for blood gas analyses was collected from the ventral coccygeal vessels at the beginning and end of the anesthetic period. An interval of at least 7 days was allowed to elapse between treatments.Results—The MAC ± SDs of sevoflurane in oxygen and with N2O were 2.51 ± 0.46% and 1.83 ± 0.33%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 treatments, and the mean MAC-reducing effect of N2O was 26.4 ± 11.4%. Assuming simple linear additivity of sevoflurane and N2O, the MAC for N2O was estimated to be 244%. No significant differences in blood gas values—with the predictable exception of oxygen pressure—were detected between the 2 groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The MAC of sevoflurane in Dumeril monitors is similar to that reported for other species. The addition of N2O significantly decreased the MAC of sevoflurane in this species. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:575–578)
Intraoperative pain responses following intraovarian versus mesovarian injection of lidocaine in mares undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy
Authors: Farstvedt Ellis G. , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare intraoperative pain responses following intraovarian versus mesovarian injection of lidocaine in mares undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—15 mares between 4 and 20 years old.Procedure—Standard bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed. Prior to manipulation of the ovary, 2% lidocaine (10 mL) was injected into the ovary and saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (10 mL) was injected into the mesovarium on 1 side, with saline solution (10 mL) injected into the ovary and 2% lidocaine (10 mL) injected into the mesovarium on the other side. Presence (yes vs no) and severity (visual analogue scale) of pain were scored at 5 times (grasping of the ovary, dissection of the mesosalpinx, tightening of the first loop ligature, tightening of the second loop ligature, and transection of the ovarian pedicle) by 2 individuals blinded to treatment and each other's observations.Results—During 4 of the 5 observation periods, significantly fewer mares had signs of pain following mesovarian injection of lidocaine, and during 2 of the 5 observation periods, visual analogue scale score was significantly lower.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that mesovarian injection of lidocaine is associated with significantly lower pain responses, compared with intraovarian injection, in horses undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:593–596)
Efficacy of directed misting application of a peroxygen disinfectant for environmental decontamination of a veterinary hospital
Authors: Patterson Gage , Morley Paul S. , Blehm Kenneth D. , Lee David E. , Dunowska Magda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effectiveness of 4% peroxymonosulfate disinfectant applied as a mist to surfaces in a large animal hospital as measured by recovery ofStaphylococcus aureusandSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium.Design—Field trial.Sample Population—Polyester transparencies inoculated with bacteria.Procedure—Polyester transparencies were inoculated withS aureusorSTyphimurium and placed in various locations in the hospital. After mist application of the peroxygen disinfectant, viable bacterial numbers were quantified and compared with growth from control transparencies to assess reduction in bacterial count.Results—When applied as a mist directed at environmental surfaces contaminated with a geometric mean of 4.03 × 107CFUs ofS aureus(95% confidence interval [CI], 3.95 × 107to 4.11 × 107) or 6.17 × 106CFUs ofSTyphimurium (95% CI, 5.55 × 106to 6.86 × 106), 4% peroxymonosulfate reduced the geometric mean number of viableS aureusby 3.04 × 107CFUs (95% CI, 8.6 × 105to 1.7 × 106) andSTyphimurium by 3.97 × 106CFUs (95% CI, 8.6 × 105to 3.5 × 106).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Environmental disinfection with directed mist application of a 4% peroxymonosulfate solution was successful in reducing counts of bacterial CFUs by > 99.9999%. Directed mist application with this peroxygen disinfectant as evaluated in this study appeared to be an effective and efficient means of environmental disinfection in a large animal veterinary hospital and would be less disruptive than more traditional approaches to intensive environmental cleaning and disinfection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:597–602)
Comparison of surgical versus medical treatment of nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon in horses: 19 cases (1992–2002)
Authors: Abutarbush Sameeh M. , Naylor Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the outcome of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon (NSELC) treated surgically or medically by rolling, administration of phenylephrine hydrochloride (or both), and exercise.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—11 medically treated horses and 8 surgically treated horses with NSELC.Procedure—Medical records of horses with nephrosplenic entrapment between 1992 and 2002 were reviewed. Medically treated horses were included if diagnosis and outcome of treatment of nephrosplenic entrapment were confirmed via transrectal examination and ultrasonographic examination. Surgically treated horses were included if the diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. Horses in which the large colon was entrapped between the spleen and body wall were not included.Results—Significant differences in mean age, heart rate, and duration of colic prior to treatment were not detected between horses treated surgically or medically. Ten medically treated horses recovered without complications, and 1 died. In the surgically treated group, 6 of 8 horses recovered without complications and 2 died. Mortality rate did not differ between treatments. Duration of hospitalization for medically treated horses was significantly shorter and the cost significantly less than for surgically treated horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that medical treatment of horses with NSELC via administration of phenylephrine hydro-chloride, rolling during general anesthesia, or both appears to be as effective as and less expensive than surgical treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:603–605)
Effect of tympanic cavity evacuation and flushing on microbial isolates during total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy in dogs
Authors: Hettlich Bianca F. , Boothe Harry W. , Simpson R. Bruce , DuBose Kim A. , Boothe Dawn M. , Carpenter Mark 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate differences in bacterial numbers, identity, and susceptibility in samples obtained from the tympanic cavity on entry (preflush) and after evacuation and lavage (postflush) and assess perioperative and empiric antimicrobial selection in dogs that underwent total ear canal ablation (TECA) with lateral bulla osteotomy (LBO) or reoperation LBO.Design—Prospective clinical study.Animals—34 dogs.Procedure—TECA with LBO or reoperation LBO was performed on 47 ears. Pre- and postflush aerobic and anaerobic samples were obtained from the tympanic cavity. Isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were compared.Results—Different isolates (31/44 [70%] ears) and susceptibility patterns of isolate pairs (6/44 [14%] ears) were detected in pre- and postflush samples from 84% of ears. Evacuation and lavage of the tympanic cavity decreased the number of bacterial isolates by 33%. In 26% of ears, bacteria were isolated from postflush samples but not preflush samples. Only 26% of isolates tested were susceptible to cefazolin. At least 1 isolate from 53% of dogs that received empirically chosen antimicrobials postoperatively was resistant to the selected drugs. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 6 ears.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Accurate microbiologic assessment of the tympanic cavity should be the basis for selection of antimicrobials in dogs undergoing TECA with LBO. Bacteria remain in the tympanic cavity after evacuation and lavage. Cefazolin was a poor choice for dogs that underwent TECA with LBO, as judged on the basis of culture and susceptibility testing results. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:748–755)
Pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism: 210 cases (1987–2004)
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Hoar Bruce , Pollard Rachel , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate pretreatment clinical and laboratory findings in dogs with naturally occurring primary hyperparathyroidism.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—210 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism and 200 randomly selected, age-matched control dogs that did not have primary hyperparathyroidism.Procedure—Medical records for dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism were reviewed for signalment; clinical features; and results of clinicopathologic testing, serum parathyroid hormone assays, and diagnostic imaging.Results—Mean age of the dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism was 11.2 years (range, 6 to 17 years). The most common clinical signs were attributable to urolithiasis or urinary tract infection (ie, straining to urinate, increased frequency of urination, and hematuria). Most dogs (149 [71%]) did not have any observable abnormalities on physical examination. All dogs had hypercalcemia, and most (136 [65%]) had hypophosphatemia. Overall, 200 of the 210 (95%) dogs had BUN and serum creatinine concentrations within or less than the reference range, and serum parathyroid hormone concentration was within reference limits in 135 of 185 (73%) dogs in which it was measured. Urolithiasis was identified in 65 (31%) dogs, and urinary tract infection was diagnosed in 61 (29%). Mean serum total calcium concentration for the control dogs was significantly lower than mean concentration for the dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism, but mean BUN and serum creatinine concentrations for the control dogs were both significantly higher than concentrations for the dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that urolithiasis and urinary tract infection may be associated with hypercalcemia in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism, but that development of renal insufficiency is uncommon. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227: 756–761)
Inheritance of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Dranchak Patricia K. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Onan Gary W. , Gallant Esther M. , MacLeay Jennifer M. , McKenzie Erica C. , La Corte Flavio D. De , Ekenstedt Kari , Mickelson James R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a diagnostic test for recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) in Thoroughbreds that relied on in vitro contracture of muscle biopsy specimens and determine whether the inheritance pattern of RER diagnosed on the basis of this contracture test was consistent with an autosomal dominant trait.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—8 adult horses with RER and 16 control adult horses for development of the contracture test; 23 foals for inheritance of RER.Procedure—External intercostal muscle biopsy specimens from the 24 adult horses were tested for contracture in response to halothane and caffeine, and criteria for a positive test result were determined. These criteria were then applied to results for the 23 foals to determine whether they had RER. Simple segregation analysis was performed to determine whether results were consistent with a dominant pattern of inheritance.Results—Results of the contracture test were positive for 5 of the 12 colts and 4 of the 11 fillies. Results of segregation analysis were consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Two sires with RER produced colts with RER, supporting the hypothesis that RER had an autosomal, rather than an X-linked, inheritance pattern. In addition, in 1 instance, an unaffected colt was produced by 2 affected parents, which was not consistent with a recessive mode of inheritance.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although the expression of the RER trait is influenced by sex, temperament, and diet, among other factors, results from the in vitro muscle contracture test and this breeding trial suggest that RER in Thoroughbreds can be modeled as a genetic trait with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:762–767)
Association between exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and performance in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Jackson Melissa A. , Morley Paul S. , Brown James A. , Dredge Anthony F. , O'Callaghan Paul A. , McCaffrey John P. , Slocombe Ronald F. , Clarke Andrew F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) was associated with racing performance in Thoroughbred horses not medicated with furosemide and not using nasal dilator strips.Design—Observational cross-sectional study.Animals—744 two- to 10-year-old Thoroughbred horses racing in Melbourne, Australia.Procedure—Horses were enrolled prior to racing, and a tracheobronchoscopic examination was performed after 1 race. Examinations were recorded on videotape, and presence and severity (grade 0 to 4) of EIPH were subsequently determined by 3 observers blinded to the horses' identity. Race records were abstracted for each horse examined.Results—Overall, 52.1% of horses eligible for participation in the study were examined, and horses that were examined did not differ from horses that were not examined in regard to age, sex distribution, or proportion of horses that won or finished in the first 3 positions. Horses with EIPH grades ≤ 1 were 4.0 times as likely to win, 1.8 times as likely to finish in the first 3 positions, and 3.03 times as likely to be in the 90th percentile or higher for race earnings as were horses with grades ≥ 2. Horses with EIPH grades ≥ 1 finished significantly farther behind the winner than did horses without EIPH. However, odds that horses with grade 1 EIPH would win or finish in the first 3 positions were not significantly different from odds for horses without EIPH.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that EIPH is associated with impaired performance in Thoroughbred racehorses not medicated with furosemide and not using nasal dilator strips. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:768–774)
Gastric ulcer development in horses in a simulated show or training environment
Authors: McClure Scott R. , Carithers Douglas S. , Gross Sheila J. , Murray Michael J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether conditions representing activities that are typical in the recreational use of horses, including transport to and from show grounds, stall confinement in unfamiliar surroundings, and light exercise, are associated with increased incidence of gastric ulcers in horses.Design—Randomized controlled study.Animals—20 client-owned horses.Procedure—Horses had no gastric ulcers as determined by endoscopic examination on study day –1. Ten control horses were maintained on-site with no changes in management variables. Ten horses were transported via trailer for 4 hours on day 0 to another site, placed in individual stalls, fed twice daily, and exercised twice daily for 3 days. On day 4, they were transported back to the original site via trailer for 4 hours. On day 5, endoscopic examinations were performed on all horses to assess gastric mucosa status.Results—Horses that were transported and housed off-site had a significantly higher incidence of hyperkeratosis and reddening of the gastric mucosa than control horses. Two control horses and 7 transported horses developed gastric ulcers by day 5. Ulcer scores of transported horses increased significantly from day –1, whereas ulcer scores in control horses did not change significantly from day –1.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Activities that are typical in recreational use of horses were ulcerogenic, and ulcers in the gastric squamous mucosa can develop under these conditions within 5 days. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:775–777)
Economic impacts of the mortality rate for suckling pigs in the United States
Authors: Losinger Willard C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure economic impacts attributable to the mortality rate for suckling pigs in the United States.Design—Economic analysis that incorporated data from various sources.Sample Population—Suckling pigs on US swine farms.Procedure—Economic impacts associated with the mortality rate for suckling pigs during 1995 were estimated from supply-and-demand curves for pork and from an estimate of the elasticity of production for pigs entering the grower-finisher phase of production.Results—A decrease in the mortality rate for suckling pigs would have caused an increase in pork production and a decrease in price and total value of production. Assuming no suckling pigs had died during 1995, consumer surplus would have increased by (mean ± SE) $430 ± $160 million, whereas producer surplus would have decreased by $180 ± $140 million. The total gain to the US economy would have been $250 ± $30 million.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Researchers who attempt to estimate the economic impact of mortality and morbidity rates of livestock should not ignore the influence of demand and the possibility of price adjustments. Consumers would stand to benefit from an increase in pork production associated with a reduction in the mortality rate for suckling pigs, whereas the swine industry would experience an economic loss. Individual producers need to compare the costs of measures intended to reduce the mortality rate for suckling pigs with the anticipated benefits. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:896–902)