bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operating Company's (HSE) Management System (Guidlines, Practises & Results)
Authors: Madkour Atef Ahmed 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper will introduce the (HSE) Management Program guidelines prepared for Agiba petroleum company to protect People, Equipment, Material & the Environment throughout the practical implementation of proactive & reactive programs. These programs are designed in order to maintain our company compliance with the Egyptian (HSE) regulations & the related policies of EGPC, EEAA & ENNI-AGIP corporate.
Agiba is operating in one marine & five land areas producing crude oil and associated gas. These fields are far from each other & span a distance of 2000 Km. Hence, implementing a dynamic & comprehensive (HSE) program is considered very important in order to keep operations running smooth & with minimum loss. The implementation of this program in the scope of Loss Control & Waste Management resulted in safe operations for the past five years. The dynamic application will be demonstrated in the paper along with future plan of actions for continuo improvement.
Biodegradation of Oil Spills under United Arab Emirates Conditions
Authors: Zekri Abdulrazag Y. , Chaalal Omar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An active strain of anaerobic thermophilic bacteria was isolated from the environment of the United Arab Emirates. The stain identified as Bacillus species consist of rounded and rod shape type of bacteria. The rounded type of bacteria exhibit a great tendency to resist the heat and have its maximum growth rate varied between 50°C and 85 °C. The rod type of bacteria can not tolerate heat beyond 50°C. This project studied the possibility of using these bacteria for bioremediation of oil spills under United Arab Emirates ex situ condition. A computer Image analyzer was used in this study to track the bacteria growth and capability to survive under different environmental conditions. The performance of the bacteria was tested in a specially developed bioreactor that uses continuous mixing through a flat stirrer. Oil weight loss, microbial growth and the changes of the crude oil asphaltene concentration are used as criteria for oil degradation by this strain. A series of batch experiments were performed to study the effect of bacteria on the degradation of UAE crude oil obtained from AH oil field. The effect of oil concentration, bacteria concentration, temperature and salinity on the biodegradation was investigated.
The temperatures of the studied systems are varied between 35°C and 75°C and the salt concentration varied between 0- weight % and 10-weight %. The temperature selected to include the typical ambient temperature and reservoir temperature of the gulf region. The bacteria concentration ranged from 1×105 to 4×105 cells /ml and oil concentration are ranged from 5 to 50 volume. Experiments showed the bacteria are capable to survive in saline environment. The bacteria at a cell density of 30×103 cells/ml and salt concentration of 5- weight % at 50°C was capable of degrade the crude oil at concentration ranged from 5 to 15 weight percent. At a temperature of 50°C, salinity of 6-weight %and oil concentration of 50% bacteria was more effective in degrading the Abu Hasu crude oil. Increasing temperature increases the rate of bacteria oil degradation. Increasing the oil concentration decreases the rate of bacteria oil degradation.
Experiences in field decommissioning
Authors: Peball Ulrich , Köhazy Robert , Dietler Andreas 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
One of the most sensitive environmental activities includes doubtless decommissioning of production facilities.
First production in the Vienna basin started in 1934 and the life cycle of a production well lasted up to 50 years or more. Currently OMV operates about 1,100 oil production and 340 gas production and storage wells. Seventy wells have been abandoned during 1998.
Procedures in decommissioning of production facilities are demanding environmental care because of the agricultural use of these sites afterwards.
We acquired considerable experience while the decommissioning of production plants and wells in Piberbach, Wels and Wirnzberg, an environmentally sensible part of Austria.
Developing Core Health Services Organizations "Blowing Your Horn or Starting the Engine"
Authors: Simpson Jerry G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Progress through Sharing Values is pivotal to providing health services for the oil and gas exploration and production industry. The subtle and eventual characteristics of most health services needs easily jeopardize effective health-risk analysis. Health services organizations and the involved health professionals must be proficient in sharing their values with others that have completely different perspectives and intentions. Additionally, this sharing must occur in an environment of competition for resources including financial. Core health services organizations capable of sophisticated health services that are realistically cost-managed are the future paradigm.
The demands and complexities of providing health services to industry have increased exponentially in the last decade. The very nature of health services that effectively responds to industry's needs and expectations has dramatically changed. These trends are acutely experienced in the oil and gas exploration and production business in which there must be a low tolerance for the lack of essential support services, a rapid pace to get the work done and wide-spread operations (often in remote locations). All of these factors are further complicated by the imperative core-business focus of the oil and gas E&P industry and, most critically, close scrutiny of the financial resources. The health services needs and expectations of the oil and gas E&P industry must be served by organizations capable of quality services and realistic cost management.
This paper presents a plan for the design, development and operation of core health services organizations. Starting with the conceptual foundation on which the effort must depend, the paper discusses the essential elements of creating and operating a core health services organization. Predictable experiences, including successes and failures, are presented. The financial issues with supporting data are discussed.
Health Challenge: Malaria in West Africa
Authors: Ani Samuel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Malaria poses an important threat to oil and gas exploration in West Africa. Malaria-related loss of life and productivity among the workforce surpasses all other occupational and non-occupational illness combined. Although an entire workforce may be infected by malaria parasites in an endemic work-site, the burden of disease in foreign migrant workers who lack anti-malarial immunity greatly exceeds that on indigenous employees. This disease constitutes a medical emergency in expatraite employees workforce and frequently is life-threatening. Africans who are Duffy blood group negative are refractory to Plasmodium vivax infection, and acquired immunity in holoendemic parts of tropical Africa largely limits severe disease to pre-school children. These considerations have important implications for the development of rational antimalaria interventions that are designed to sustain productivity among a workforce of foreigners and nationals in frontier operating environments. Chemoprophylaxis reduces or eliminates the risk of malaria infection among the foreign workforce but depletes the natural immune capacity of the national workforce and creates a dangerous rebound phenomenon. A basic understanding of malaria epidemiology is essential to an understanding of the disease, and locally derived ecological concepts are critical for the design of malaria awareness and prevention programs. Vector populations depend on the suitability of local breeding sites. A warm climate favors parasite development within the vector mosquito. Risk dependends mainly on the life expectancy of the vector mosquito after it has become infectious. Control measures should be aimed at reducing vector density and blocking access to human hosts. Applications of residual insecticide reduce mosquito survival; but outdoor feeding and resting of some African vectors reduces their susceptibility to insecticides and erodes the confidence placed on this very effective anti-malaria measure. Adequate water management or source reduction modifies or eliminates aquatic breeding habitats and reduces mosquito abundance.
Explosion, Fire and Structural Response Analysis
Authors: Johnsen R. , Ryum S. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
New knowledge about gas explosions and fires in offshore modules have resulted in the development of more detailed models for assessing the explosion and fire risk at the installations in the North Sea.
The detailed models are capable of reflecting design changes and can therefore also be used in cost benefit analysis to rank any risk reducing measures. This paper presents the new methods in the form of a case study. In the case study the explosion and fire risk were established based on existing QRA, detailed FLACS dispersion and explosion simulations and detailed KAMELON fireex simulations. The structural response was assessed based on guidelines given in NORSOK and calculations by USFOS. A list of risk reducing measures was established. The cost benefit analysis resulted in cost benefit indicators on personnel risk and economical risk. This makes it possible to rank between the various risk-reducing measures.
Experiment using Scale Model of Cargo Tank to Estimate the Concentration of Benzene Gas Emitted from Chemical Tanker During Loading Operation
Authors: Majima T. , Yamaguchi K. , Yamanouchi H. , Fujii S. , Sakamoto S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
International Maritime Organization (IMO) recognized that chronic exposure to benzene vapors in air may cause leukemia even if the concentration is very low, such as a few parts per million. To predict the exposure level of crew, it is necessary to investigate the actual conditions of vapor emission from chemical tankers engaged in benzene transfer operation. Since it is difficult to realize experiments using actual chemical tankers in service, scale model experiment was conducted to estimate the concentration of benzene gas emitted during loading operation. The dimension of scale model tank used for experiments is 0.89m in length, 0.39m in breadth, 0.44m in depth and it is 1/10 scale of typical cargo tank integrated in the 499 Gross Tonnage chemical tanker which is usually used for benzene transfer in Japan.
Three factors to affect the concentration of benzene gas emitted during loading operation are found from scale model experiments. Primary diffusion mechanism is one-dimensional molecular diffusion advancing in the vertical direction. And the others are eddy diffusion above surface and advection in the vicinity of the tank ceiling.
Retrieving LWD Sources and Eliminating Environmental Impact of Radioactive Material in Norway's Highly Deviated Wells
Authors: Rygh Per-Thorbjørn , Bonifay Denis 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Many factors contribute to the possibility of stuck pipe during drilling of highly deviated and horizontal wells. The bottomhole assembly often includes a logging-while-drilling tool with radioactive sources for measuring formation porosity and density. With the ADN* Azimuthal Density Neutron tool, it is possible to retrieve the radioactive source from within the tool if the tool should become stuck in the wellbore. This is the most economic and environmentally friendly method of dealing with radioactive sources inside a stuck bottomhole assembly.
In the Statfjord field in Norway, radioactive sources have been retrieved from ADN tools stuck in three horizontal wells. One source was retrieved with coiled tubing, and the other two were retrieved with wireline. This paper describes the methods used and the experiences gained from each fishing job. The last retrieval took only 12 hr and allowed the operator to abandon the string immediately without having to perform any fishing attempts on the string itself to comply with Norwegian regulations when a radioactive source is stuck downhole.
This paper gives recommendations for fishing operations in highly deviated wells, based on our experiences retrieving radioactive sources in the Statfjord field, fishing operations in the Visund field, and other similar fishing operations performed worldwide. These recommendations include type of fishing device, fishing assembly setup, and other parameters relevant to the operation.
The Impact of Transitions and Technologies on Strategic Health Management
Authors: Roa Hernan , Shaw Robert 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Over the past two centuries, transitions have been underway which are now shaping the demand for, and structure of, health services throughout the world. These transitions resulted in something very significant which occurred on October 12, 1999. According to the World Health Organization, the world's population surpassed 6 billion on that day. And, during the 20th century, the world's population quadrupled from 1.5 billion to six billion.
The world's population is believed to have reached one billion in 1804. Since then, increases in one billion increments have come at intervals of 123, 33, 14, 13, and 12 years. The United Nation now projects that it will take 14 years for the world's population to reach 7 billion and another 15 years to reach 8 billion (1).
Merging Two HSE Programmes to Set a New Standard
Authors: Fuqua R. J. , Savoie G. P. , Shaughnessy J. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The BP Amoco merger brought together billions in assets and two cultures. The new company has committed to the highest HSE standard. Former Amoco employees had been part of a company that emphasized and valued safety and one that had been recognized by government agencies for safety performance. Thus, when the new company standard indicated a highly effective and recognized HSE program was not good enough, challenge arised for an entirely new way of thinking and approaching HSE issues.
This paper will present the standard and how a former Amoco business unit has accepted and is implementing the new standard. The standard increases the emphasis on the safety performance of our contractors and third party employees encouraging them to get involved and establish a higher HSE standard.
Log Evaluation In The California Miocene Formations
Authors: HEFLIN J.D. , Neill B.E. , DeVRIES M.R. 
Published: December 2007

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers Inc.

Abstract
The increasing demand for oil has extended the search for new sources into formations that in the past have proven difficult to evaluate and profitably past have proven difficult to evaluate and profitably produce. The depositional facies belonging to the produce. The depositional facies belonging to the Miocene epoch in California have historically posed difficult evaluation problems with the Monterey Shale causing the most difficulties. This formation is playing an important role in the development of California Offshore reserves.
It is characterized by thick siliceous and calcareous organic sediments: Vital to evaluating reservoirs located in this series is the location of fractured zones and the accurate determination of porosity. This can only be accomplished by identifying the lithologies encountered and by the proper interpretation of measurements made with available logging devices.
An open hole logging suite and a computer program tailored specifically to solving problems unique to this series has been developed and successfully used.

LOG EVALUATION IN THE CALIFORNIA MIOCENE FORMATIONS

Introduction
The Miocene formations of California have long been recognized as important sources of hydrocarbons. In the past, the geological complexities of the series made evaluation and identification of its productive intervals extremely difficult. With more readily identified reservoirs not able to supply our requirements for hydrocarbons, the search for new sources has necessitated better evaluation of this series.

GENERAL GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The Miocene has been extensively studied in the past because of its unique characteristics. It is considered to provide both source and reservoir for large quantities of hydrocarbons.
Many different theories on its origin have evolved. It is not within the scope of this paper to add new light to the theories on its origin, but it is concluded that only through a basic understanding of the lithologic complexities can the evaluation by logging methods be understood and appreciated.
Since the terminology of earlier workers is so entrenched in the geologic vocabulary, it will be used in this paper.
The stratigraphic units as designated by R. M. Kleinpell divided the Miocene into three parts: Lower, Middle and Upper. These were then divided into six stages and twelve substages and fourteen foraminiferal zones identified.
Where's the Business Value in External Verification?
Authors: Johnston Douglas , Wenman Paul 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Of the oil & gas companies which feature in the top 100 companies in 11 industrial countriesi, 53% now produce an environment, health and safety (EHS) report.ii 1/3 of these reports are currently verified by an independent company.iii
The verification of EHS reports in the oil and gas sector is definitely growing with many oil and gas companies in the Americas now seeking verification. Is this a question of follow the leader (‘they’re doing it, so we’d better’) or are companies increasingly seeing the real value in third party challenge and review of EHS reports?
This paper provides an overview of the drivers for verification of EHS reports and provides some feedback from those who have been subject to it. We provide an outline of typical verification processes and highlight the main areas where value can be gained. We will also provide some considerations to help choose a verification process which delivers what you want.
Shaping a New Direction and Culture in a Merger Process
Authors: Skogen Sverre 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses how a newly merged large multinational company with diversified product's range has benefited from establishing and implementing a new company vision and new core values.
The newly developed company vision statement and core values had to be distinctive, inspiring and give direction. The corporate management team had to visibly lead the process of developing a new and better post merger company culture.
The success and failures, together with information on what was learned in the process are presented.
Wilmington Townlot Unit - Waterflood Implementation and Response
Authors: Nelson K.C. 
Published: December 2007

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers Inc.

Abstract
The 1700-acre Wilmington Townlot Unit is situated in the urban Wilmington area of the City of Los Angeles. In the early 1960's Exxon Company, U.S.A. evaluated the area for possible secondary recovery waterflood operations. Initial studies were encouraging, but also showed several obstacles to implementing a successful waterflood project. The Townlot area consisted of project. The Townlot area consisted of more than 300 leases with several thousand royalty owners and more than 30 operators. Reservoir sands were pressure depleted, unconsolidated, pressure depleted, unconsolidated, lenticular, and contained crude with viscosities up to 150 centipoise. This paper summarizes the reservoir study which led to unitization, describes the waterflood pattern selected and the facilities installed, and discusses reservoir response achieved after three years of injection.

Introduction
The Wilmington Townlot Unit became effective February 1, 1972, for the purpose of waterflooding the Ranger and Upper Terminal zones. Reservoir studies indicated that the project would increase oil recovery by an estimated 60 million barrels. The Ranger and Upper Terminal zones had been pressure depleted by 35 years of pressure depleted by 35 years of primary production and were approaching primary production and were approaching their economic limit. Waterflooding began in 1973 with oil production at 1700 barrels of oil per day, and after three years and 45 million barrels of water injection, oil production has increased to 8000 BOPD.

FIELD DESCRIPTION
The 1700-acre Wilmington Townlot Unit is a part of the Wilmington field which is located near the city of Long Beach, as shown on Figure 1.
Modular Calculations, An Aid in Oil Well Completion Design
Authors: Mantooth M.A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A computerized method for calculating well productivity was used to study ten gravel- packed inner liner completions in the Louisiana packed inner liner completions in the Louisiana Gulf Coast area. Used as a performance- diagnostic tool, the method produced estimates for certain unknown completion parameters from known productivity information, revealing which factors might have contributed to the productivity impairment. A sensitivity study productivity impairment. A sensitivity study of completion design parameters showed that clean, high-permeability gravel placed in deep penetration of 1/2 in. diameter or larger penetration of 1/2 in. diameter or larger size perforations are necessary for maximum production from this type completion. production from this type completion

Introduction
Gravel-packed inner liners are extensively used in the Louisiana Gulf Coast area as a means for the controlling sand production from unconsolidated or poorly consolidated formations. Our experience, however, shows that this method of sand control is not infallible, owing mainly to two problems:poorly designed gravel packs are often ineffective in stopping sand packs are often ineffective in stopping sand production; andpack installations are production; andpack installations are usually accompanied by productivity impairment.
The first problem is mechanical, which can be overcome only by improving the operating procedures, such as gravel placement and size procedures, such as gravel placement and size selection. The second problem is more difficult to solve because any installation of a downhole device produces an additional resistance to flow, impairing productivity. The best that can be done with this problem then is to minimize the impairment through judicious selection of completion parameters under a given set of design restrictions. This requires a thorough understanding of how the various completion and reservoir parameters, individually or in combination, affect the productivity of a given well.
This paper discusses an attempt to understand the relationship between productivity and certain design factors for gravel-packed inner liner completions and to learn the best approaches to improving the completion design. A computerized analytic method developed at Chevron Oil Field Research Company was used for this study.