bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Nucleus Multiomic Analyses Identifies Gene Regulatory Dynamics of Phenotypic Modulation in Human Aneurysmal Aortic Root
Authors: Liu Xuanyu , Zeng Qingyi , Yang Hang , Li Wenke , Chen Qianlong , Yin Kunlun , Pan Zihang , Wang Kai , Luo Mingyao , Shu Chang , Zhou Zhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAortic root aneurysm is a potentially life‐threatening condition that may lead to aortic rupture and is often associated with genetic syndromes, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS). Although studies with MFS animal models have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of aortic root aneurysms, this understanding of the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape in human aortic root tissue remains incomplete. This knowledge gap has impeded the development of effective targeted therapies. Here, this study performs the first integrative analysis of single‐nucleus multiomic (gene expression and chromatin accessibility) and spatial transcriptomic sequencing data of human aortic root tissue under healthy and MFS conditions. Cell‐type‐specific transcriptomic and cis‐regulatory profiles in the human aortic root are identified. Regulatory and spatial dynamics during phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the cardinal cell type, are delineated. Moreover, candidate key regulators driving the phenotypic modulation of VSMC, such as FOXN3, TEAD1, BACH2, and BACH1, are identified. In vitro experiments demonstrate that FOXN3 functions as a novel key regulator for maintaining the contractile phenotype of human aortic VSMCs through targeting ACTA2. These findings provide novel insights into the regulatory and spatial dynamics during phenotypic modulation in the aneurysmal aortic root of humans.
Regulation of CTLs/Tregs via Highly Stable and Ultrasound‐Responsive Cerasomal Nano‐Modulators for Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Jinxia , Sun Lihong , Jiang Ling , Xie Xinxin , Wang Yuan , Wu Ruiqi , Tang Qingshuang , Sun Suhui , Zhu Shiwei , Liang Xiaolong , Cui Ligang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy is showing good potential for colorectal cancer therapy, however, low responsive rates and severe immune‐related drug side effects still hamper its therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, a highly stable cerasomal nano‐modulator (DMC@P‐Cs) with ultrasound (US)‐controlled drug delivery capability for selective sonodynamic‐immunotherapy is fabricated. DMC@P‐Cs’ lipid bilayer is self‐assembled from cerasome‐forming lipid (CFL), pyrophaeophorbid conjugated lipid (PL), and phospholipids containing unsaturated chemical bonds (DOPC), resulting in US‐responsive lipid shell. Demethylcantharidin (DMC) as an immunotherapy adjuvant is loaded in the hydrophilic core of DMC@P‐Cs. With US irradiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be effectively generated from DMC@P‐Cs, which can not only kill tumor cells for inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD), but also oxidize unsaturated phospholipids‐DOPC to change the permeability of the lipid bilayers and facilitate controlled release of DMC, thus resulting in down‐regulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and amplification of anti‐tumor immune responses. After intravenous injection, DMC@P‐Cs can efficiently accumulate at the tumor site, and local US treatment resulted in 94.73% tumor inhibition rate. In addition, there is no detectable systemic toxicity. Therefore, this study provides a highly stable and US‐controllable smart delivery system to achieve synergistical sonodynamic‐immunotherapy for enhanced colorectal cancer therapy.
Histories of neighborhood socioeconomic status contribute to race differences in later‐life cognition
Authors: Sol Ketlyne , Morris Emily P. , Lee Ji Hyun , Zaheed Afsara B. , Palms Jordan D. , Scambray Kiana , Clarke Philippa , Zahodne Laura B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONNeighborhood characteristics are increasingly implicated in cognitive health disparities, but no research has investigated how the historical context of neighborhoods shapes these disparities.METHODSFour hundred sixty‐four Black (55%) and White older adults (Mage = 63.6) were drawn from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, a community‐based, prospective study of older adults. Participants’ addresses at baseline (2017–2020) were geocoded and linked to 2000–2017 measures of neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES): disadvantage [NDis] and affluence [NAff]. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) characterized 18 interpolated year trajectories of NSES across 1344 census tracts. Path analysis examined whether NSES trajectory classes mediated the association between race and a global cognition composite.RESULTSLCGA identified three NDis and two NAff trajectory classes, which were associated with participant race. Only one NDis class was associated with cognition, and it mediated the association between the Black race and cognition.DISCUSSIONDisinvestment in neighborhoods may be particularly salient in race disparities in cognitive function.Highlights
Race is implicated in the likelihood of living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods.
Historical trends in neighborhood disadvantage are associated with cognitive function in older adulthood.
Identifying patterns of neighborhood change may inform neighborhood‐level interventions.
Association between lung contusion volume and acute changes in fibrinogen levels: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Nobe Ryosuke , Nakao Shunichiro , Nakagawa Yuko , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimazu Takeshi , Oda Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimOrgan tissue damage, including the lungs, may lead to acute coagulopathy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between lung contusion volume and serum fibrinogen level during the acute phase of trauma.MethodsWe conducted an observational study using electronic medical records at a tertiary‐care center between January 2015 and December 2018. We included patients with lung contusions on hospital arrival. We used three‐dimensional computed tomography to calculate lung contusion volumes. The primary outcome was the lowest fibrinogen level measured within 24 h of hospital arrival. We evaluated the association between lung contusion volume and outcome with multivariable linear regression analysis. Also, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of lung contusion volume in patients with a serum fibrinogen level of ≤150 mg/dL.ResultsWe identified 124 eligible patients. Their median age was 43.5 years, and 101 were male (81.5%). The median lung contusion volume was 10.9%. The median lowest fibrinogen level within 24 h from arrival was 188.0 mg/dL. After adjustment, lung contusion volume had a statistically significant association with the lowest fibrinogen level within 24 h from arrival (coefficient −1.6, 95% confidence interval −3.16 to −0.07). When a lung contusion volume of 20% was used as the cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity to identify fibrinogen depletion were 0.27 and 0.95, respectively.ConclusionLung contusion volume was associated with the lowest fibrinogen level measured within 24 h from hospital arrival. Measuring lung contusion volume may help to identify patients with a progression of fibrinogen depletion.
HLA Associations of Intrathecal IgG Production against Specific Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Neidhart Stephan , Vlad Benjamin , Hilty Marc , Högelin Klara Asplund , Ziegler Mario , Berenjeno‐Correa Ernesto , Reichen Ina , Stridh Pernilla , Jelcic Ivan , Khademi Mohsen , Kockum Ingrid , Sospedra Mireia , Al Nimer Faiez , Martin Roland , Jelcic Ilijas 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveSpecific human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are not only associated with higher risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases, but also with the severity of various viral and bacterial infections. Here, we analyzed the most specific biomarker for MS, that is, the polyspecific intrathecal IgG antibody production against measles, rubella, and varicella zoster virus (MRZ reaction), for possible HLA associations in MS.MethodsWe assessed MRZ reaction from 184 Swiss patients with MS and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 89 Swiss non‐MS/non‐CIS control patients, and performed HLA sequence‐based typing, to check for associations of positive MRZ reaction with the most prevalent HLA alleles. We used a cohort of 176 Swedish MS/CIS patients to replicate significant findings.ResultsWhereas positive MRZ reaction showed a prevalence of 38.0% in MS/CIS patients, it was highly specific (97.7%) for MS/CIS. We identified HLA‐DRB1*15:01 and other tightly linked alleles of the HLA‐DR15 haplotype as the strongest HLA‐encoded risk factors for a positive MRZ reaction in Swiss MS/CIS (odds ratio [OR], 3.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05–7.46, padjusted = 0.0004) and replicated these findings in Swedish MS/CIS patients (OR 2.18, 95%‐CI 1.16–4.02, padjusted = 0.028). In addition, female MS/CIS patients had a significantly higher probability for a positive MRZ reaction than male patients in both cohorts combined (padjusted <0.005).InterpretationHLA‐DRB1*15:01, the strongest genetic risk factor for MS, and female sex, 1 of the most prominent demographic risk factors for developing MS, predispose in MS/CIS patients for a positive MRZ reaction, the most specific CSF biomarker for MS. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1112–1126
Cyclooctatetraene‐Embedded Carbon Nanorings
Authors: Lei Sheng‐Nan , Zhu Ling , Xue Ning , Xiao Xuedong , Shi Le , Wang Duan‐Chao , Liu Zhe , Guan Xin‐Ru , Xie Yuan , Liu Ke , Hu Lian‐Rui , Wang Zhaohui , Stoddart J. Fraser , Guo Qing‐Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the prosperity of the development of carbon nanorings, certain topologically or functionally unique units‐embedded carbon nanorings have sprung up in the past decade. Herein, we report the facile and efficient synthesis of three cyclooctatetraene‐embedded carbon nanorings (COTCNRs) that contain three (COTCNR1 and COTCNR2) and four (COTCNR3) COT units in a one‐pot Yamamoto coupling. These nanorings feature hoop‐shaped segments of Gyroid (G‐), Diamond (D‐), and Primitive (P‐) type carbon schwarzites. The conformations of the trimeric nanorings COTCNR1 and COTCNR2 are shape‐persistent, whereas the tetrameric COTCNR3 possesses a flexible carbon skeleton which undergoes conformational changes upon forming host–guest complexes with fullerenes (C60 and C70), whose co‐crystals may potentially serve as fullerene‐based semiconducting supramolecular wires with electrical conductivities on the order of 10−7 S cm−1 (for C60⊂COTCNR3) and 10−8 S cm−1 (for C70⊂COTCNR3) under ambient conditions. This research not only describes highly efficient one‐step syntheses of three cyclooctatetraene‐embedded carbon nanorings which feature hoop‐shaped segments of distinctive topological carbon schwarzites, but also demonstrates the potential application in electronics of the one‐dimensional fullerene arrays secured by COTCNR3.
Trifluoromethylation of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A Mild Functionalization and Tunable p‐Type Doping Method
Authors: Kerwin Brendan , Liu Stephanie E. , Sadhukhan Tumpa , Dasgupta Anushka , Jones Leighton O. , López‐Arteaga Rafael , Zeng Thomas T. , Facchetti Antonio , Schatz George C. , Hersam Mark C. , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChemical modification is a powerful strategy for tuning the electronic properties of 2D semiconductors. Here we report the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of 2D WSe2 and MoS2 under mild conditions using the reagent trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TTT). Chemical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the trifluoromethyl groups bind covalently to surface chalcogen atoms as well as oxygen substitution sites. Trifluoromethylation induces p‐type doping in the underlying 2D material, enabling the modulation of charge transport and optical emission properties in WSe2. This work introduces a versatile and efficient method for tailoring the optical and electronic properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
Final Stages in the Biosynthesis of the [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Active Site
Authors: Yu Xin , Rao Guodong , Britt R. David , Rauchfuss Thomas B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe paper aims to elucidate the final stages in the biosynthesis of the [2Fe]H active site of the [FeFe]‐hydrogenases. The recently hypothesized intermediate [Fe2(SCH2NH2)2(CN)2(CO)4]2− ([1]2−) was prepared by a multistep route from [Fe2(S2)(CN)(CO)5]−. The following synthetic intermediates were characterized in order: [Fe2(SCH2NHFmoc)2(CNBEt3)(CO)5]−, [Fe2(SCH2NHFmoc)2(CN)−(CO)5]−, and [Fe2(SCH2NHFmoc)2(CN)2(CO)4]2−, where Fmoc is fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl). Derivatives of these anions include [K(18‐crown‐6)]+, PPh4+ and PPN+ salts as well as the 13CD2‐isotopologues. These Fe2 species exist as a mixture of two isomers attributed to diequatorial (ee) and axial‐equatorial (ae) stereochemistry at sulfur. In vitro experiments demonstrate that [1]2− maturates HydA1 in the presence of HydF and a cocktail of reagents. HydA1 can also be maturated using a highly simplified cocktail, omitting HydF and other proteins. This result is consistent with HydA1 participating in the maturation process and refines the roles of HydF.
Enhancing wear resistance and mechanical property of epoxy coating via “roller wheel” liquid metal‐MXene
Authors: Zheng Shuxin , Nie Yuxiang , Wang Zhangzhong , Feng Xin , Zhu Jiahua , Lu Xiaohua , Mu Liwen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work presents a design of a unique “roller wheel” structure combining rigid MXene and flexible liquid metal (LM), aiming to construct an epoxy composite coating with simultaneous advanced mechanical strength and lubrication properties. The antiwear property of the epoxy composites is improved by 72.8% when the LM is 0.5 wt% and MXene is 0.03 wt%. The incorporation of LM‐MXene improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy composite coating, resulting in an approximately 136.6% increase in elastic modulus. The unique “roller wheel” structure provides additional mechanical support and leads to lower adhesion between the MXene layers and LM. As a result, LM reduces the stripping and sliding of the interface between MXene layers during the friction process, further enhancing the lubrication performance of the epoxy composite coating.
NuQKD: A Modular Quantum Key Distribution Simulation Framework for Engineering Applications
Authors: Gkouliaras Konstantinos , Theos Vasileios , Evans Philip G. , Chatzidakis Stylianos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn experimental Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) implementation requires advanced costly hardware, unavailable in most research environments, making protocol testing and performance evaluation complicated. This has been a major motivation for the development of QKD simulation frameworks, to allow researchers to obtain insight before proceeding into practical implementations. Several simulators have been introduced over the recent years. However, only four are publicly available, only one of which models equipment imperfections. Currently, no open‐source simulator includes all following capabilities: channel attenuation modelling, equipment imperfections and effects on key rates, estimation of elapsed time during classical and quantum‐ channel processes, use of truly random binary sequences for qubits and measurement bases, shared ‐bit fraction customization. In this paper, we present NuQKD, an open‐ source modular, intuitive simulator, featuring all the above capabilities. NuQKD establishes communication between two computer terminals, accepts custom user inputs (iterations, raw key size, attacker interception rate etc.) and evaluates the sifted key, Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), elapsed communication time, and more. NuQKD capabilities include optical fiber and free ‐space simulation, modeling of equipment/channel imperfections, bitstrings from True Random Number Generators, decoy‐state protocol support, and automated evaluation of performance metrics. We expect NuQKD to enable convenient and accurate representation of actual experimental conditions.
Living with a tumor: A case of osteosarcoma involving the medullary region in Phrynops cf. P. geoffroanus (Testudines: Chelidae)
Authors: Bert Hugo , Lamrous Hayat , Sena Mariana Valéria de Araújo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe individual Geoffroy's side‐necked turtle, Phrynops cf. P. geoffroanus, was diagnosed postmortem with osteosarcoma associated with the forelimb through morphological and histological analysis. Osteosarcoma stands as the most prevalent primary malignant bone tumor in tetrapods. The tumor presents itself as a large mass in the distal epiphysis, characterized by spicular outgrowths and a rugose external texture. Histologically, the afflicted humerus displayed a high degree of vascularity and exhibited an extensive bone resorption process involving the medullary and endosteal regions. Notably, a clear transition between the bone marrow and cortical bone was absent, indicative of a remodeling process featuring Haversian bone system apposition. Additionally, the diaphyseal region displayed the progression of neoplastic bone tissue along the bone. For comparative purposes, we describe a humeral thin section from a healthy specimen revealing compact primary bone interrupted by cyclical growth marks which differs from the continuous growth observed in the neoplastic humerus. To assess the neoplastic bone growth rate at the mid‐diaphysis level, phylogenetic eigenvector maps (PEM) were employed, utilizing osteocyte density and vascular density as explanatory variables. The findings indicated that the osteosarcoma exhibited a slow‐growing nature, suggesting that the turtle had to live with this condition for years. As the neoplasia continued to expand, it likely led to disadvantages for the pathological Phrynops individual due to humeral deformity. Furthermore, malignancy was associated with angiogenesis and the invasion of the medullary region by neoplastic bone tissue, raising the likelihood of metastasis as an additional factor contributing to the individual's sickness. The presence of numerous vascular canals in the diaphyseal thin section suggested a low‐grade central osteosarcoma. It is worth noting that osseous neoplasms are rarely documented in Testudines, making this case of osteosarcoma in a South American freshwater chelid specimen a unique and rare occurrence.
Robust Graphene‐based Aerogel for Integrated 3D Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Energy Density
Authors: Liang Xue , Tang Li‐jun , Zhang Yong‐chao , Zhu Xiao‐dong , Gao Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional asymmetric supercapacitors (3D ASC) have garnered significant attention due to their high operating window, theoretical energy density, and circularity. However, the practical application of 3D electrode materials is limited by brittleness and excessive dead volume. Therefore, we propose a controlled contraction strategy that regulates the pore structure of 3D electrode materials, eliminates dead volume in the 3D skeleton structure, and enhances mechanical strength. In this study to obtain reduced graphene oxide/manganese dioxide (rGO/MnO2) and reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (rGO/CNT) composite aerogels with a stable and compact structure. MnO2 and CNT as nanogaskets, preventing the self‐stacking of graphene nanosheets during the shrinkage process. Additionally, the high specific capacitor nanogaskets significantly enhance the specific energy density of the rGO aerogel electrode. The prepared rGO/MnO2//rGO/CNT 3D ASC exhibits a high mass‐specific capacitance of 216.15 F g−1, a high mass energy density of 74 Wh kg−1 at 3.5 A g−1, and maintains a retention rate of capacitance at 99.89 % after undergoing 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge at 5 A g−1. The versatile and integrated assembly of 3D ASC units is achieved through the utilization of the robust mechanical structure of rGO‐based aerogel electrodes, employing a mortise and tenon structural design.
Spectral density estimation for random processes with stationary increments
Authors: Chen Wei , Huang Chunfeng , Zhang Haimeng , Schaffer Matthew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpectral density analysis plays an important role in studying a stationary random process on a real line. In this paper, we extend this discussion for the random process with stationary increments. We investigate the properties of the method of moments structure function estimation, and propose a nonparametric spectral density function estimator. Our numerical results show that the proposed spectral density estimator performs comparable with the parametric counterpart when the underlying process is assumed to be band‐limited. Additionally, this method is applied to analyze US Housing Starts Data, where the hidden periodicities are detected, providing consistent conclusions with previous economic studies.
The HST Large Programme on NGC 6752 ‐ V. Differences in luminosity and mass function among stellar populations
Authors: Scalco Michele , Gerasimov Roman , Bedin Luigi R. , Vesperini Enrico , Nardiello Domenico , Salaris Maurizio , Burgasser Adam , Anderson Jay , Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea , Rosati Piero 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe exploit the astro‐photometric dataset of the multi‐epoch infrared parallel field of a Hubble Space Telescope Large Programme aimed at studying the faintest stars of the globular cluster NGC 6752 to determine the luminosity and mass functions of the multiple stellar populations of this cluster. Thanks to the measurement of proper motions and deeper completeness, the results presented in this paper represent a significant improvement over those of previous studies. We successfully derived membership probabilities reaching stars as faint as , allowing us to reliably distinguish the three main stellar populations detected within this cluster. We employed a new set of model isochrones that have been individually fit to the colour–magnitude diagram of each population. We present a comprehensive analysis of the luminosity and mass functions for three stellar populations within NGC 6752. Notably, our findings reveal differences in the present‐day luminosity and mass functions of first‐generation and second‐generation stars; these differences are consistent with the manifestation of the effects of dynamical processes acting on populations with different initial spatial distributions. Finally, we publicly release the catalogues with positions, photometry, proper motions and memberships probabilities, as well as the stacked‐image atlases and all newly calculated stellar models.