bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A US view of terrorism
Authors: Kondrasuk Jack N. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo analyze recent and future terrorism in the world from the viewpoint of the USA.Design/methodology/approachActions companies can take to help prevent and manage the negative effects of terrorist attacks are also discussed. A review of the literature from journals, the popular press and government sources was stressed to provide an official and public view of terrorism.FindingsIt was found that “terrorism” is pervasive around the world although maybe more concentrated in the Middle East at present. It is seen as annually increasing in number and severity of events. There were minor terrorist events in the USA in the 1990s, but the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in New York forever changed the view of terrorism by US citizens. The USA subsequently changed its administrative structure, economic infrastructure, beliefs, behaviors, and relations to others in the world. The USA is seen as the main terrorist target in the world and Al‐Qaeda, one of 40 foreign terrorist organizations, is seen as the main group attacking it. Iran, North Korea, Cuba, Sudan, Cuba, Libya, and Syria are seen as the main countries supporting terrorism. The main terrorist weapons are explosives, guns, biological, chemical, radiological, psychological, and to a lesser extent, nuclear.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough future events and subsequent research must bear it out, it appears that cyber terrorism and radioactive explosives may be used more in the future. Executives can improve their odds of withstanding terrorist attacks by understanding past and present aspects of terrorism. Future dealings with terrorists are seen as problematic, but there are actions companies can take, such as adding working crisis management plans, to help prevent and manage the negative effects of terrorist attacks.Originality/valueThis paper is an attempt to present and understand “terrorism” from a US perspective so that others in the world can better understand US motivations, actions, and rationale.
Unity of purpose/unity of effort: private‐sector preparedness in times of terror
Authors: Alavosius Mark P. , Houmanfar Ramona , Rodriquez Nischal J. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the analysis of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks provided by the US National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the USA from the points of view of behavior analysis and systems analysis. The 9/11 Commission provides a detailed and provocative account of the structural flaws in the US security systems that enabled the 9/11 terrorists to completely subvert efforts to detect and prevent their attack. This paper considers the role of private‐sector organizations in prevention of future attacks.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual/theoretical paper explores how understanding verbal networks and the nature of verbal rules might contribute to understanding the issues involved in re‐engineering work cultures in the face of continued terrorist threats.FindingsAn understanding of verbal networks and ambiguous communications aids the re‐design of management systems and emergency response processes so that adaptive organizational responses to terrorist threats are enabled.Originality/valuePrivate‐sector leaders might conduct behavioral systems analyses and probe the limitations of their operations and seek to detect weak points and create contingencies that sustain more effective security and emergency response repertoires.
Three psychological principles of resilience in natural disasters
Authors: Reich John W. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to present a discussion of some of the core components of human resilience occurring in the face of natural or human‐made disasters. Resilience is often observed, but optimum responding is more than biological survival. Resilience implies the ability to bounce back and even to grow in the face of threats to survival. It is important to incorporate these key psychological principles into disaster planning.Design/methodology/approachResearch from the social sciences suggests three core principles of resilience, the “3 Cs:” control, coherence, and connectedness. Research evidence supporting the importance of the three Cs to resilient responding is presented, followed by some elementary prescriptions for how they might be implemented.FindingsAn approach to disaster planning and management can meld these principles into already‐existing intervention techniques, creating a more comprehensive and a more integrated response, potentially resulting in improved intervention effectiveness.Originality/valueProvides a psychological perspective on natural and human‐created disasters. Governmental and private sector responses to these tragedies have received a great deal of media attention, but there has been little systematic attention paid to the basic nature of human responding in such situations. Although it has been noted that humans are often resilient in such conditions, there has been virtually nothing written about what “resilience” is. This paper communicates the basic principles of resilience and how they would play out in future disaster planning and responding.
Disaster management strategy for mass wasting hazard prone Naitwar Bazar and surrounding areas in Upper Tons valley in Uttarkashi district, Uttaranchal (India)
Authors: Uniyal Aniruddha , Prasad C. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeNaitwar Bazar in the Upper Tons valley Indian Himalaya (Uttarkashi district of Uttaranchal in India) is showing signs of an impending disaster. This settlement has witnessed active mass wastage during rainy season of 2003 which has caused damage to infrastructure (crucial road link), hospital (i.e. the sole health facility) and residential cum commercial area. The active mass wastage zone may take heavy toll of human lives during the rains. Therefore, the paper proposes examining this subject.Design/methodology/approachField investigations were carried out to assess the damage during the past events, probe the causes of mass wasting hazard and to assess the elements at risk in order to evolve a disaster management strategy.FindingsIt is suggested that a series of prevention and mitigation measures (both structural and non‐structural) with the involvement of the local community are required to avoid the impending disaster in the area.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the need for hazard prognosis and vulnerability assessment in the remotest settlements of Himalayas in order to timely plan the awareness initiatives, response mechanism and structural and non structural mitigation measures. An attempt has also been made to bring forth importance of incorporating the disaster management component into the local developmental planning.
Towards the design and operation of fire safe school facilities
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe objectives of this paper are to present an assessment for the consideration of fire safety during the design stages of school facilities in Saudi Arabia; and to present the development of a fire risk assessment survey tool whereby existing school facilities can be evaluated for the purpose of identifying and eliminating fire hazards, and meeting the minimum requirements of current legislation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper classifies the factors that make school facilities a high‐risk type of buildings to fire; reviews causes of fires in schools and identifies potential high‐risk areas to fires in school facilities; and reviews design and operation factors controlling fire severity.FindingsInvestigating the consideration for fire safety in the design phase of public school facilities in Saudi Arabia indicated that the design office at the Ministry of Education is active in providing the following fire safety requirements: fire detection and notification systems including smoke detectors and fire alarms; fire suppression and extinguishing systems including automatic sprinkler systems, standpipe and hose system and portable fire extinguishers; and means of egress and evacuation systems including exit doors, emergency lighting and directional signs. The fire risk assessment survey tool developed in this paper consists of 61 items to assess fire protection equipment, exitways/stairs, interior decorations/interior finish integrity, fire hydrants and lanes, electrical wiring, laboratories, and maintenance measures.Originality/valueThe paper provides practical value to design professionals of school projects and school staff and facilities managers responsible for the day‐to‐day operation of school facilities.
“You could see it on their faces  … ”
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: January 2007

PurposeCurrent research in both cognitive neuroscience and what has been called “positive psychology” point to the need for wholesale reappraisal of what happens in schools, especially with regard to the wellbeing of children. Seeks to examine this issue.Design/methodology/approachReviews and discussion of research by the World Health Organization and current UK reports on the mental health of children together with US and European research on the optimum conditions for children's learning.FindingsCurrent research findings in both psychology and cognitive neurology suggest that the condition of “positive emotion” is a prerequisite of deep, transferable learning, and also of a healthy mind and body. The author suggests that involvement in creative activity and creative thinking in any context seems to be a particularly effective way of promoting this sense of wellbeing.Practical implicationsA curriculum and school ethos designed to promote a sense of security and happiness would be a powerful means of addressing under‐achievement in large sections of UK society. It is hypothesized that the mood of distrust and unhappiness, which negatively affects both the health and learning of many young people, would be effectively addressed by a curriculum which concentrated more on the kind of creative and practical activities which provoke positive emotion.Originality/valueProvides 12 practical recommendations arising from ongoing work of educationists, psychologists and neurologists for consideration by leaders of health education and school policy.
Gathering and communicating information about school bullying
Authors: Frey Karin S. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss multiple methods for gathering information about school bullying and provides a developmental framework for communicating the information to parents and teachers.Design/methodology/approachFormal assessments of bullying consisted of student surveys and systematic observations of the playground behaviors of more than 600 students. Bullying that was informally observed during survey administration, and interviews with students involved in bullying also provided insight into the magnitude of school problems.FindingsThe extent of a school's bullying problem is difficult to asses by informal observations alone. Educators are most likely to be aware of bullying that it is performed by socially unskilled, poorly regulated students. Socially skilled students are much more adept at keeping their bullying secret. Formal observations by trained coders provide an important window into the world of children, but are too costly and labor‐intensive for most applications.Practical implicationsStudent surveys provide alternative means of assessing the impact of bullying. Accuracy of information derived from surveys and student interviews may be improved by protecting students from coercion, starting with questions about witnessed bullying, and asking students for concrete examples.Originality/valueEfforts to research or intervene in school bullying require accurate information about the problem. Parents and staff are more likely to support intervention efforts when educators and researchers present bullying information using a non‐stigmatizing, developmental framework
What schoolchildren should be taught about medicines
Authors: Hämeen‐Anttila Katri , Juvonen Mirja , Ahonen Riita , Bush Patricia J. , Airaksinen Marja 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis study is part of a larger project, which aims to develop medicine education materials for teachers. The aim of the present study was to discover children's interests in medicines and teachers' opinions on what should be taught about medicines to children of different ages. Furthermore, teachers' opinions were assessed about the importance of medicine education as a part of school health education. The aim of the recommendations, based on our research and the materials developed during this process, is to clarify what proper use of medicines can mean, and in this way help teachers fulfil the requirements of the new Finnish health education curriculum.Design/methodology/approachTwelve focus group discussions were conducted among a convenience sample of first‐graders (7‐8 years, n=23), fourth‐graders (10‐11 years, n=24) and seventh‐graders (13‐14 years, n=19). A national representative survey was conducted to gather data from the teachers (n=284, response rate 71 percent).FindingsChildren's interests and teachers' opinions on what could be taught about medicines to children of different ages were quite similar. However, fourth‐graders were interested in many topics which teachers considered suitable for older children, for example, how medicines work, how to avoid adverse reactions, and abuse of medicines. The vast majority of the teachers (93 percent) considered teaching about the proper use of medicines so important that it should be included in the national curriculum of health education. Of the children, fourth‐graders were the most interested in medicines.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies, which combine the opinions of children and teachers, on what to teach children of different ages about the proper use of medicines. During the study, evidence‐based recommendations on what to teach children about medicines and teaching materials were created.
Adolescent physical self‐perceptions, sport/exercise and lifestyle physical activity
Authors: Gilson N.D. , Cooke C.B. , Mahoney C.A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeDomain and sub‐domain physical self‐perceptions have been associated with adolescent moderate intensity physical activity although the association with different types of adolescent moderate intensity physical activity remains unclear. This study seeks to examine the relationship between personal self‐perceptions and adolescent sport/exercise and lifestyle moderate intensity physical activity frequency.Design/methodology/approachA total of 122, 13‐to‐14 year‐old, English adolescents from Leeds, West Yorkshire (58 boys and 64 girls) had their personal self‐perceptions, sport/exercise and lifestyle moderate intensity physical activity assessed.FindingsNo significant positive relationships were found between boys' personal self‐perceptions and lifestyle moderate intensity physical activity. However, a range of weak (r = 0.34‐0.42) but significant relationships (p < 0.01) were found between personal self perceptions and boys' sport/exercise frequency. In contrast, only perceptions of strength competence were significantly related to girls' sport/exercise frequencies (r = 0.28; p < 0.05), while all personal self perceptions scales were significantly related to girls' lifestyle moderate intensity physical activity (r = 0.26‐0.32; p < 0.05).Research limitations/implicationsThe use of correlation analyses by this study placed limitations on the extent to which cause‐effect relationships were established. Furthermore, girls' sport/exercise was poorly distributed, which may have led to the non‐significant relationship found between this activity type and personal self‐perceptions. The presence of a significant relationship between these two variables should therefore not be discounted.Originality/valueThis study seems to be the first to investigate and identify variations in the personal self‐perceptions – moderate intensity physical activity relationship relative to activity type. Although more research is required, findings have implications for practitioners aiming to tailor physical activity interventions to this group and researchers aiming to match specific correlates to different types of adolescent physical activity.
Training patients to ask information verifying questions in medical interviews
Authors: Li Han Z. , Lundgren Juanita 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe main purpose of the paper was to examine whether a short patient training session on various ways of requesting physicians to clarify a piece of previously elicited information during medical consultation would improve information communication, thus increasing patient satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachA total of 114 adult patients voluntarily participated in the study which was carried out at a clinic in Canada. Half of the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group and half to the control group. Males and females were evenly distributed in both experimental and control groups. Prior to their medical visits, participants in the experimental group received 10‐15‐minute face‐to‐face training, whereas the control group did not receive any training. The purpose of the training was to facilitate information transmission, with the intention to increase communication effectiveness and patient satisfaction. Immediately after their medical visits, all participants filled out a patient satisfaction questionnaire.FindingsOn all four dimensions of patient satisfaction (i.e. overall satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, communication satisfaction and expertise satisfaction), patients who received training scored significantly higher (were more satisfied) than patients who received no training. No consistent gender differences were found in patient satisfaction in both experimental and control groups.Research limitations/implicationsThis study applied a psycholinguistics theory, conversational grounding, to the field of patient education and achieved positive results.Practical implicationsThe success of the short training session provides health practitioners with a new method to help patients communicate more effectively, thus increasing satisfaction in medical interviews.Originality/valueFocuses on a means to elicit information from patients in medical consultations.
School effects research provide new and stronger evidence in support of the health‐promoting school idea
Authors: West Patrick 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine evidence from an emerging body of “school effects” research on pupils' health and health behaviours like smoking, and how this in turn may contribute to the evidence‐base for the health promoting school concept.Design/methodology/approachFollowing on from educational research which demonstrates how schools can impact on pupil attainment over and above the characteristics of pupils attending them, this paper examines whether there is evidence for a similar “school effect” on pupils health and health behaviours.FindingsThe research shows that pupils' health does vary between schools in the same way as attainment; that this is not explained by pupil characteristics such as social class or deprivation, and that school ethos is a key factor distinguishing “healthy” from “less healthy” schools. Most studies have focussed on health behaviours, notably smoking where the evidence for a “school effect” is particularly strong.Originality/valueThe evidence from “school effects” research on pupils' health, while falling short of the gold‐standard RCT, is supportive of the health promoting school concept, and that governments are on the right lines in doing so. This paper will be of interest to those in the fields of health and education.
Evaluation of a smoking cessation club for young people
Authors: Jinks Annette , Linnell Susan 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to undertake a formative evaluation of a young person's Smokebuster club and to examine how young people's experience of being a club member can be used to inform the club's future development.Design/methodology/approachAfter seeking and being granted Local Research Ethics Committee approval to undertake the study a postal survey was conducted of all the Smokebusters members (n=2810).FindingsThe response rate achieved was 16 per cent (n=438). Quantitative data analysis showed that the majority of club members who responded to the survey were white, non‐disabled females, aged between 13‐14 years old. The majority of young people surveyed said they had “never smoked and never will” (70.3 per cent, n=308). However, over 6 per cent (n=28) of the young people surveyed said they “currently smoke but would like to give it up”. A wealth of qualitative data was also obtained that gives useful information on how the young people surveyed thought club provision could be improved.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are thought to be useful not only for future development of the Smokebuster club that is the focus of this evaluation but also for those who organise similar clubs. The findings are also of wider relevance to professionals engaged in smoking cessation initiatives for young people.Originality/valueThe value of this paper relates to issues surrounding engaging undertaking young people in such evaluation. Also reports of Smokebuster club evaluations are rarely given in the literature and therefore the findings of this study augment this limited information.
Context and “contextualisation” in sex and relationships education
Authors: Maxwell Claire 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to growing efforts to “contextualise” young people's experiences of sexual and intimate relationships in research and sex and relationships education (SRE). The study reports on which explored factors young people identified as influencing their relationships – in the past, present and future.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory, qualitative investigation was conducted using focus groups and in‐depth interviews to elicit young people's attitudes to, and experiences of, intimate relationships. A diverse group of young men and women (N=52) were purposively sampled from a range of agencies, including supported accommodation units, a young offenders' institution and two boarding schools.FindingsPeer groups, a need for protection and companionship, and previous negative relationships variously influenced young people's experiences in early youth. Access to potential partners, other priorities, and the degree to which young people could offer a critical assessment of a relationship played a role in explaining current relationship attitudes and experiences. Future aspirations for sexual and intimate relationships were largely influenced by young people's broader plans for their education and transition into adulthood.Practical implicationsAge‐appropriate and personally relevant forms of SRE need to be developed which focus on the various factors influencing relationships at different points in time for groups of young people.Originality/valueContextualising young people's sexual and intimate relationships in terms of the specific factors influencing attitudes, experiences in the past and present, together with future aspirations can usefully inform the development of SRE programmes.