bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MBARS: mini bone‐attached robotic system for joint arthroplasty
Authors: Wolf A , Jaramaz B , Lisien B , DiGioia A M 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA report on a new active, miniature bone‐attached, robotic system including its design, high level and low level control, is given together with a description of the system implementation and first experimental use. The system is capable of preparing the bone cavity for an implant during joint arthroplasty procedures. Without loss of generality, the report describes the implementation of the system for a Patellofemoral Joint Replacement procedure. The system is image‐free and all planning is performed intra‐operatively in the robot coordinate system, eliminating the need for external tracking systems in the operating room. Experiments were conducted using the first robot prototype and the results supported the feasibility of the concept. The methodology which is presented can be modified to other orthopaedic procedures and could improve the results in terms of accuracy and operational time. Moreover, it enables minimally invasive procedures and use of the next generation of more anatomically shaped implants. Copyright © 2005 Robotic Publications Ltd.
Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses
Authors: Graci Jason D. , Cameron Craig E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe nucleoside analogue ribavirin has antiviral activity against many distinct viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Five distinct mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiviral properties of ribavirin. These include both indirect mechanisms (inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibition, immunomodulatory effects) and direct mechanisms (interference with RNA capping, polymerase inhibition, lethal mutagenesis). Recent concerns about bioterrorism have renewed interest in exploring the antiviral activity of ribavirin against unique viruses. In this paper, we review the proposed mechanisms of action with emphasis on recent discoveries, as well as the implications of ribavirin resistance. Evidence exists to support each of the five proposed mechanisms of action, and distinct virus/host combinations may preferentially favour one or more of these mechanisms during antiviral therapy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acquisition of human cytomegalovirus infection in infants via breast milk: natural immunization or cause for concern?
Authors: Schleiss Mark R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSince the recognition in the 1960s that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections could be transmitted by breast milk, there has been relatively little attention paid to the potential medical consequences of such infections. Indeed, since HCMV infections acquired by healthy newborn infants appear to be largely asymptomatic in nature, there has been no real incentive to develop or implement strategies to prevent transmission by this route. However, recent studies have identified a significant risk for low‐birth weight, premature infants for the development of HCMV disease following acquisition of infection via breast milk. Such infections may cause considerable short‐term morbidity and, in some cases, severe, life‐threatening illness. There is little consensus amongst neonatologists on the approach to prevention and management of such infections. This review summarises the epidemiology and natural history of HCMV infections acquired via breast milk, and outlines available strategies for prevention and management of such infections, as well as opportunities for future clinical research on this understudied topic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring optimal solution to hardware/software partitioning for synchronous model
Authors: He Jifeng , Hung Dang Van , Pu Geguang , Qiu Zongyan , Yi Wang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractComputer aided hardware/software partitioning is one of the key challenges in hardware/software co-design. This paper describes a new approach to hardware/software partitioning for a synchronous communication model including multiple hardware devices. We transform the partitioning into a reachability problem of timed automata. By means of an optimal reachability algorithm, the optimal solution can be obtained with limited resources in hardware. To relax the initial condition of the partitioning for optimization, two algorithms are designed to explore the dependency relations among processes in the sequential specification. Moreover, we propose a scheduling algorithm to improve the synchronous communication efficiency further after partitioning stage. Some experiments are conducted with the model checker UPPAAL to show our approach is both effective and efficient.
Expansion of the geographical distribution of an exotic ladybird beetle,Adalia bipunctata(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and its interspecific relationships with native ladybird beetles in Japan
Authors: Toda Yuko , Sakuratani Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe first record of the exotic ladybird beetle,Adalia bipunctata(Coleoptera; Coccinellidae), in Japan was in 1993 at Osaka Nanko Central Park. Since that time, studies on the life history and geographical distribution ofA. bipunctatahave been ongoing, and its establishment in the Osaka Nanko area has been confirmed.A. bipunctatais a predacious ladybird beetle and a member of a guild that overlaps in habitat and prey with that of native ladybird beetles such asHarmonia axyridisandMenochilas sexmaculatus. We investigated the distribution ofA. bipunctataand its interspecific relationships with native predacious ladybird beetles. In some areas,A. bipunctatawas dominant in interspecific relationships with native ladybird beetles. For the first 10 years afterA. bipunctatawas discovered, it occurred only in the Osaka Nanko area, but the present geographical distribution indicates that it has expanded its range. Though the population density of this species was highest at the area recorded first, and tended to decrease in inverse proportion to the distance from Osaka Nanko Central Park, a satellite occurrence was observed in a remote area. The numbers of aphid and tree species (leaf shelter for aestivation and over‐wintering) utilized byA. bipunctatahave recently increased. Such increases will cause the rate of distribution ofA. bipunctatato accelerate. Interspecific competition betweenH. axyridisandA. bipunctata, which occurs earlier thanH. axyridis, may be avoided by desynchronization of the occurrence seasons, and another common predacious ladybird beetle,Coccinella septempunctata, may escape interspecific competition by habitat segregation.
Measuring spiritual belief: development and standardization of a Beliefs and Values Scale
Authors: KING MICHAEL , JONES LOUISE , BARNES KELLY , LOW JOSEPH , WALKER CARL , WILKINSON SUSIE , MASON CHRISTINA , SUTHERLAND JULIETTE , TOOKMAN ADRIAN 
Published: November 2005

Background. Higher levels of religious involvement are modestly associated with better health, after taking account of other influences, such as age, sex and social support. However, little account is taken of spiritual beliefs that are not tied to personal or public religious practice. Our objective was to develop a standardized measure of spirituality for use in clinical research.Method. We characterized the core components of spirituality using narrative data from a purposive sample of people, some of whom were near the end of their lives. These data were developed into statements in a scale to measure strength of spiritual beliefs and its reliability, validity and factor structure were evaluated in order to reach a final version.Results. Thirty-nine people took part in the qualitative study to define the nature of spirituality in their lives. These data were used to construct a 47-item instrument that was evaluated in 372 people recruited in medical and non-medical settings. Analysis of these statements led to a 24-item version that was evaluated in a further sample of 284 people recruited in similar settings. The final 20-item questionnaire performed with high test–retest and internal reliability and measures spirituality across a broad religious and non-religious perspective.Conclusions. A measure of spiritual belief that is not limited to religious thought, may contribute to research in psychiatry and medicine.
Eigenvalues of the Laplacian acting on 𝑝-forms and metric conformal deformations
Authors: Colbois Bruno , El Soufi Ahmad 
Published: November 2005

Let

(
M
,
g
)

(M,g)

be a compact connected orientable Riemannian manifold of dimension

n
≥
4

n\ge 4

and let

λ

k
,
p

(
g
)

\lambda _{k,p} (g)

be the

k
k

-th positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian

Δ

g
,
p

=
d

d
∗

+

d
∗

d

\Delta _{g,p}=dd^*+d^*d

acting on differential forms of degree

p
p

on

M
M

. We prove that the metric

g
g

can be conformally deformed to a metric

g
′

g’

, having the same volume as

g
g

, with arbitrarily large

λ

1
,
p

(

g
′

)

\lambda _{1,p} (g’)

for all

p
∈
[
2
,
n
−
2
]

p\in [2,n-2]

. Note that for the other values of

p
p

, that is

p
=
0
,
1
,
n
−
1

p=0, 1, n-1

and

n
n

, one can deduce from the literature that,

∀
k
>
0

\forall k >0

, the

k
k

-th eigenvalue

λ

k
,
p

\lambda _{k,p}

is uniformly bounded on any conformal class of metrics of fixed volume on

M
M

. For

p
=
1

p=1

, we show that, for any positive integer

N
N

, there exists a metric

g

N

g_{_N}

conformal to

g
g

such that,

∀
k
≤
N

\forall k\le N

,

λ

k
,
1

(

g

N

)
=

λ

k
,
0

(

g

N

)

\lambda _{k,1} (g_{_N}) =\lambda _{k,0} (g_{_N})

, that is, the first

N
N

eigenforms of

Δ

g

N

,
1

\Delta _{g_{_{N},1}}

are all exact forms.
Stability of wavelet frames with matrix dilations
Authors: Christensen Ole , Sun Wenchang 
Published: November 2005

Under certain assumptions we show that a wavelet frame
\[

{
τ
(

A
j

,

b

j
,
k

)
ψ

}

j
,
k
∈

Z

:=
{

|

det

A
j

|

−
1

/

2

ψ
(

A
j

−
1

(
x
−

b

j
,
k

)
)

}

j
,
k
∈

Z

\{\tau (A_j,b_{j,k})\psi \}_{j,k\in \mathbb {Z}}:= \{|\det A_j |^{-1/2} \psi (A_j^{-1}(x-b_{j,k}))\}_{j,k\in \mathbb {Z}}

\]
in

L
2

(

R

d

)

L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)

remains a frame when the dilation matrices

A
j

A_j

and the translation parameters

b

j
,
k

b_{j,k}

are perturbed. As a special case of our result, we obtain that if

{
τ
(

A
j

,

A
j

B
n
)
ψ

}

j
∈

Z

,
n
∈

Z

d

\{\tau (A^j,A^jBn)\psi \}_{j\in \mathbb {Z},n\in \mathbb {Z}^d}

is a frame for an expansive matrix

A
A

and an invertible matrix

B
B

, then

{
τ
(

A
j
′

,

A
j

B

λ
n

)
ψ

}

j
∈

Z

,
n
∈

Z

d

\{\tau (A_j^\prime ,A^jB\lambda _n)\psi \}_{j\in \mathbb {Z}, n\in \mathbb {Z}^d}

is a frame if

‖

A

−
j

A
j
′

−
I

‖
2

≤
ε

\|A^{-j}A’_j - I\|_2\le \varepsilon

and

‖

λ
n

−
n

‖

∞

≤
η

\|\lambda _n - n\|_{\infty } \le \eta

for sufficiently small

ε
,
η
>
0

\varepsilon , \eta >0

.
The set of common fixed points of a one-parameter continuous semigroup of mappings is 𝐹\big(𝑇(1)\big)∩𝐹\big(𝑇(√2)\big)
Authors: Suzuki Tomonari 
Published: November 2005

In this paper we prove the following theorem: Let

{
T
(
t
)
:
t
≥
0
}

\{ T(t) : t \geq 0 \}

be a one-parameter continuous semigroup of mappings on a subset

C
C

of a Banach space

E
E

. The set of all fixed points of

T
(
t
)

T(t)

is denoted by

F

(

T
(
t
)

)

F \big ( T(t) \big )

for each

t
≥
0

t \geq 0

. Then
\[

⋂

t
≥
0

F

(

T
(
t
)

)

=
F

(

T
(
1
)

)

∩
F

(

T
(

2

)

)

\bigcap _{t \geq 0} F \big ( T(t) \big ) = F \big ( T(1) \big ) \cap F \big ( T(\sqrt 2) \big )

\]
holds. Using this theorem, we discuss convergence theorems to a common fixed point of

{
T
(
t
)
:
t
≥
0
}

\{ T(t) : t \geq 0 \}

.
Brownian intersection local times: Exponential moments and law of large masses
Authors: König Wolfgang , Mörters Peter 
Published: November 2005

Consider

p
p

independent Brownian motions in

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

, each running up to its first exit time from an open domain

B
B

, and their intersection local time

ℓ
\ell

as a measure on

B
B

. We give a sharp criterion for the finiteness of exponential moments,
\[

E

[

exp
⁡

(

∑

i
=
1

n

⟨

φ
i

,
ℓ

⟩

1

/

p

)

]

,

\mathbb {E}\Big [\exp \Big (\sum _{i=1}^n \langle \varphi _i, \ell \rangle ^{1/p}\Big ) \Big ],

\]
where

φ
1

,
…
,

φ
n

\varphi _1, \dots , \varphi _n

are nonnegative, bounded functions with compact support in

B
B

. We also derive a law of large numbers for intersection local time conditioned to have large total mass.
Damped wave equation with a critical nonlinearity
Authors: Hayashi Nakao , Kaikina Elena , Naumkin Pavel 
Published: November 2005

We study large time asymptotics of small solutions to the Cauchy problem for nonlinear damped wave equations with a critical nonlinearity

{

∂

t

2

u
+

∂

t

u
−
Δ
u
+
λ

u

1
+

2
n

=
0
,

x
∈

R

n

,

t
>
0
,
u
(
0
,
x
)
=
ε

u

0

(
x
)

,

∂

t

u
(
0
,
x
)
=
ε

u

1

(
x
)

,
x
∈

R

n

,

\begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin {array}{c} \partial _{t}^{2}u+\partial _{t}u-\Delta u+\lambda u^{1+\frac {2}{n}}=0,\text { }x\in \mathbf {R}^{n},\text { }t>0, u(0,x)=\varepsilon u_{0}\left ( x\right ) ,\partial _{t}u(0,x)=\varepsilon u_{1}\left ( x\right ) ,x\in \mathbf {R}^{n}, \end{array} \right . \end{equation*}

where

ε
>
0
,

\varepsilon >0,

and space dimensions

n
=
1
,
2
,
3

n=1,2,3

. Assume that the initial data

u

0

∈

H

δ
,
0

∩

H

0
,
δ

,

u

1

∈

H

δ
−
1
,
0

∩

H

−
1
,
δ

,

\begin{equation*} u_{0}\in \mathbf {H}^{\delta ,0}\cap \mathbf {H}^{0,\delta },\text { }u_{1}\in \mathbf {H}^{\delta -1,0}\cap \mathbf {H}^{-1,\delta }, \end{equation*}

where

δ
>

n
2

,

\delta >\frac {n}{2},

weighted Sobolev spaces are

H

l
,
m

=

{
ϕ
∈

L

2

;

‖

⟨
x
⟩

m

⟨
i

∂

x

⟩

l

ϕ

(
x
)

‖

L

2

>
∞
}

,

\begin{equation*} \mathbf {H}^{l,m}=\left \{ \phi \in \mathbf {L}^{2};\left \Vert \left \langle x\right \rangle ^{m}\left \langle i\partial _{x}\right \rangle ^{l}\phi \left ( x\right ) \right \Vert _{\mathbf {L}^{2}}>\infty \right \} , \end{equation*}

⟨
x
⟩

=

1
+

x

2

.

\left \langle x\right \rangle =\sqrt {1+x^{2}}.

Also we suppose that

λ

θ

2
n

>
0
,
∫

u

0

(
x
)

d
x
>
0
,

\begin{equation*} \lambda \theta ^{\frac {2}{n}}>0,\int u_{0}\left ( x\right ) dx>0, \end{equation*}

where

θ
=
∫

(

u

0

(
x
)

+

u

1

(
x
)

)

d
x
.

\begin{equation*} \text { }\theta =\int \left ( u_{0}\left ( x\right ) +u_{1}\left ( x\right ) \right ) dx\text {.} \end{equation*}

Then we prove that there exists a positive

ε

0

\varepsilon _{0}

such that the Cauchy problem above has a unique global solution

u
∈

C

(

[
0
,
∞
)

;

H

δ
,
0

)

u\in \mathbf {C}\left ( \left [ 0,\infty \right ) ;\mathbf {H}^{\delta ,0}\right )

satisfying the time decay property

‖
u

(
t
)

−
ε
θ
G

(
t
,
x
)

e

−
φ

(
t
)

‖

L

p

≤
C

ε

1
+

2
n

g

−
1
−

n
2

(
t
)

⟨
t
⟩

−

n
2

(
1
−

1
p

)

\begin{equation*} \left \Vert u\left ( t\right ) -\varepsilon \theta G\left ( t,x\right ) e^{-\varphi \left ( t\right ) }\right \Vert _{\mathbf {L}^{p}}\leq C\varepsilon ^{1+\frac {2}{n}}g^{-1-\frac {n}{2}}\left ( t\right ) \left \langle t\right \rangle ^{-\frac {n}{2}\left ( 1-\frac {1}{p}\right ) } \end{equation*}

for all

t
>
0
,

t>0,

1
≤
p
≤
∞
,

1\leq p\leq \infty ,

where

ε
∈

(
0
,

ε

0

]

.

\varepsilon \in \left ( 0,\varepsilon _{0}\right ] .
AtNAC2, a transcription factor downstream of ethylene and auxin signaling pathways, is involved in salt stress response and lateral root development
Authors: He Xin‐Jian , Mu Rui‐Ling , Cao Wan‐Hong , Zhang Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Jin‐Song , Chen Shou‐Yi 
Published: November 2005

SummaryAn NAC‐type transcription factor gene AtNAC2 was identified from Arabidopsis thaliana when expression patterns of the genes from a microarray analysis were examined. The AtNAC2 expression was induced by salt stress and this induction was reduced in magnitude in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing tobacco ethylene receptor gene NTHK1. AtNAC2 is localized in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. It can form a homodimer in yeast. AtNAC2 was highly expressed in roots and flowers, but less expressed in other organs examined. In addition to the salt induction, the AtNAC2 can also be induced by abscisic acid (ABA), ACC and NAA. The salt induction was enhanced in the ethylene overproducer mutant eto1‐1, but suppressed in the ethylene‐insensitive mutants etr1‐1 and ein2‐1, and in the auxin‐insensitive mutant tir1‐1when compared with that in wild‐type plants. However, the salt induction of AtNAC2 was not significantly affected in the ABA‐insensitive mutants abi2‐1, abi3‐1 and abi4‐1. These results indicate that the salt response of AtNAC2 requires ethylene signaling and auxin signaling pathways but does not require ABI2, ABI3 and ABI4, intermediates of the ABA signaling pathway. Overexpression of AtNAC2 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in promotion of lateral root development. AtNAC2 also promoted or inhibited downstream gene expressions. These results indicate that AtNAC2 may be a transcription factor incorporating the environmental and endogenous stimuli into the process of plant lateral root development.
Abscisic acid‐activated SNRK2 protein kinases function in the gene‐regulation pathway of ABA signal transduction by phosphorylating ABA response element‐binding factors
Authors: Kobayashi Yuhko , Murata Michiharu , Minami Hideyuki , Yamamoto Shuhei , Kagaya Yasuaki , Hobo Tokunori , Yamamoto Akiko , Hattori Tsukaho 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces gene expression via the ABA‐response element (ABRE) present in the promoters of ABA‐regulated genes. A group of bZIP proteins have been identified as ABRE‐binding factors (ABFs) that activate transcription through this cis element. A rice ABF, TRAB1, has been shown to be activated via ABA‐dependent phosphorylation. While a large number of signalling factors have been identified that are involved in stomatal regulation by ABA, relatively less is known about the ABA‐signalling pathway that leads to gene expression. We have shown recently that three members of the rice SnRK2 protein kinase family, SAPK8, SAPK9 and SAPK10, are activated by ABA signal as well as by hyperosmotic stress. Here we show that transient overexpression in cultured cell protoplasts of these ABA‐activated SnRK2 protein kinases leads to the activation of an ABRE‐regulated promoter, suggesting that these kinases are involved in the gene‐regulation pathway of ABA signalling. We further show several lines of evidence that these ABA‐activated SnRK2 protein kinases directly phosphorylate TRAB1 in response to ABA. Kinetic analysis of SAPK10 activation and TRAB1 phosphorylation indicated that the latter immediately followed the former. TRAB1 was found to be phosphorylated not only in response to ABA, but also in response to hyperosmotic stress, which was interpreted as the consequence of phosphorylation of TRAB1 by hyperosmotically activated SAPKs. Physical interaction between TRAB1 and SAPK10 in vivo was demonstrated by a co‐immunoprecipitation experiment. Finally, TRAB1 was phosphorylated in vitro by the ABA‐activated SnRK2 protein kinases at Ser102, which is phosphorylated in vivo in response to ABA and is critical for the activation function.
Effects of intranasal fluticasone and salmeterol on allergen‐induced nasal responses
Authors: Parameswaran K. , Fanat A. , O'Byrne P. M. 
Published: November 2005

Background:  Combination of inhaled steroid and long‐acting beta‐agonists has synergistic effects in asthma.Objective:  To investigate whether nasal corticosteroid and long‐acting beta‐agonists have synergistic effects on allergen‐induced nasal responses.Methods:  The effects of intranasal treatment with fluticasone p‐MDI (50 μg bid), salmeterol p‐MDI (25 μg bid), their combination, and placebo, on nasal symptoms, eosinophil differential cell count and albumin in nasal lavage fluid (measures of inflammation and leakage respectively) and nasal electrical potential difference (measure of epithelial integrity) were studied in 11 atopic subjects with rhinitis, in a randomized, partially‐blinded, 4‐period, cross‐over study. The measurements were made at baseline, at the end of 1 week of treatment, and immediately after a nasal allergen provocation.Results:  Allergen‐induced sneeze, postnasal drip and nasal obstruction were significantly reduced by fluticasone, but not by salmeterol. Eosinophil count in postallergen nasal lavage fluid was significantly less after fluticasone (median 1.9%, IQR 4.6) and salmeterol treatment (median 2.5%, IQR 8.5) compared with placebo (median 12.5%, IQR 27.9). Compared with placebo, both fluticasone and salmeterol attenuated allergen‐induced change in nasal potential (mean change from baseline −18.5, +0.4 and −7.2% respectively) and the increase in nasal albumin (median 154, 119 and 130 ng/ml respectively). Combination treatment did not have any additional benefits over the individual therapies.Conclusions:  Although salmeterol has anti‐inflammatory properties, intranasal salmeterol or its combination with fluticasone do not offer any added benefit over intranasal fluticasone alone for allergen‐induced nasal responses.
Pen ch 13 allergen induces secretion of mediators and degradation of occludin protein of human lung epithelial cells
Authors: Tai H.‐Y. , Tam M. F. , Chou H. , Peng H.‐J. , Su S.‐N. , Perng D.‐W. , Shen H.‐D. 
Published: November 2005

Background:  Alkaline serine proteases from six prevalent airborne Penicillium and Aspergillus species have been identified as a group of major allergens (group 13). After entering human airways, the allergens are in initial contacts with respiratory epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate interactions between the Pen ch 13 allergen from P. chrysogenum and human lung epithelial cells.Methods:  A549 cells, 16HBE14o‐ cells and primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) were exposed to purified Pen ch 13 and mediators released into culture supernatants were assayed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cleavage of occludin in 16HBE14o‐ cells was analysed by immunofluorescent staining of whole cells and immunoblot analysis of whole cell extracts. Fragments generated by incubating Pen ch 13 and a synthetic peptide carrying the occludin sequence were analysed by mass spectrometry.Results:  Pen ch 13 induced productions of prostaglandin‐E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)‐8 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 by A549 cells, 16HBE14o‐ cells and primary cultures of HBEpC. The protease activity of Pen ch 13 is needed for the induction of PGE2, IL‐8, TGF‐β1 and cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐2 expression. A tight junction protein occludin of 16HBE14o‐ cells can be cleaved by Pen ch 13 at Gln202 and Gln211 which are within the second extracellular domain of the protein.Conclusion:  Pen ch 13 may contribute to asthma by damaging the barrier formed by the airway epithelium and stimulating the release of mediators that orchestrate local immune responses and inflammatory process from HBEpC.