bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA study of bladder papillary tumours chemically induced by N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine in Fisher rats
Authors: Oliveira Paula A. , Adega Filomena , Palmeira Carlos A. , Chaves Raquel M. , Colaço Aura A. , Guedes‐Pinto Henrique , De la Cruz P Luis F. , Lopes Carlos A. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryTo examine DNA abnormalities in bladder papillary tumours induced by N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in female rats, using image cytometric DNA analysis and cytogenetics.Thirty female rats were exposed to BBN in their drinking water for 20 weeks. One group of 10 animals served as controls. The animals exposed to BBN were killed at a rate of two per week, with the bladder being collected under aseptic conditions and those tumours with exophytic growth removed. The nuclear DNA content of the tumours was evaluated using image cytometric analysis. In two rats part of the tumour pieces was stipulated for culturing. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on at least 30 cells from each cell population and on both tumours.Papillary carcinomas were classified as low grade and high grade. DNA ploidy studies were carried out on 28 low‐grade and 21 high‐grade papillary carcinomas. Histograms obtained by image analysis showed that a normal urothelium was diploid; 28.6% and 100% of low‐and high‐grade papillary carcinomas were aneuploid respectively. Both tumours used for cell culture showed multiple numerical and structural chromosome alterations and several marker chromosomes.Image cytometric DNA analysis proved to be a good and reliable method for examining DNA alterations in papillary bladder carcinomas. The present findings establish that the DNA content is statistically different between low‐grade and high‐grade papillary carcinomas and that deviation from the diploid number is markedly higher in the high‐grade ones. In addition, the occurrence of marker chromosomes seems to be related to the aggressiveness of the tumour.
HAART and the heart: changes in coronary risk factors and implications for coronary risk in men starting antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Sterne J. A. C. , May M. , Bucher H. C. , Ledergerber B. , Furrer H. , Cavassini M. , Bernasconi E. , Hirschel B. , Egger M. ,   the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: January 2007

Abstract.Objectives.  To estimate changes in coronary risk factors and their implications for coronary heart disease (CHD) rates in men starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Methods.  Men participating in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study with measurements of coronary risk factors both before and up to 3 years after starting HAART were identified. Fractional polynomial regression was used to graph associations between risk factors and time on HAART. Mean risk factor changes associated with starting HAART were estimated using multilevel models. A prognostic model was used to predict corresponding CHD rate ratios.Results.  Of 556 eligible men, 259 (47%) started a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and 297 a protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen. Levels of most risk factors increased sharply during the first 3 months on HAART, then more slowly. Increases were greater with PI‐ than NNRTI‐based HAART for total cholesterol (1.18 vs. 0.98 mmol L−1), systolic blood pressure (3.6 vs. 0 mmHg) and BMI (1.04 vs. 0.55 kg m2) but not HDL cholesterol (0.24 vs. 0.32 mmol L−1) or glucose (1.02 vs. 1.03 mmol L−1). Predicted CHD rate ratios were 1.40 (95% CI 1.13–1.75) and 1.17 (0.95–1.47) for PI‐ and NNRTI‐based HAART respectively.Conclusions.  Coronary heart disease rates will increase in a majority of patients starting HAART: however the increases corresponding to typical changes in risk factors are relatively modest and could be offset by lifestyle changes.
Lamivudine monoprophylaxis for liver transplant recipients with non‐replicating hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Yoshida Hideo , Kato Tomoaki , Levi David M , Regev Arie , Madariaga Juan R. , Nishida Seigo , Martinez Enrique J. , Schiff Eugene R. , Omata Masao , Tzakis Andreas G. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract:  Background:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lamivudine (LAM) monoprophylaxis for patients with non‐replicating hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods:  Among 128 liver recipients with HBV infection between 1994 and 2004 transplanted at our institution, 60 had non‐replicating HBV infection at the time of OLT. Of those, 26 patients received LAM prophylaxis (monoprophylaxis group) and 34 patients received LAM and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) prophylaxis (combination group) after OLT.Results:  Median follow‐up after OLT was 67 and 54 months, for monoprophylaxis and combination groups respectively. One and five yr patient/graft survival were 96/85% and 96/80% in monoprophylaxis group, and 85/79% and 67/55% in combination group. HBV DNA was re‐detected or increased >105 IU/mL in four patients (15%) at 20–29 month in monoprophylaxis group and six (18%) at 4–35 months in combination group. Recurrent hepatitis was seen in two patients (8%) at 27 and 45 months and monoprophylaxis group and three (9%) at 21–35 months in combination group. The rate of recurrence was not statistically different between two groups.Conclusion:  LAM monoprophylaxis seemed to be effective for OLT recipients with HBV infection who had non‐replicating HBV at transplantation. HBIG administration may play a less valuable role in preventing HBV recurrence in this group of patients.
Renal function with cyclosporine C2monitoring, enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium and basiliximab: a 12‐month randomized trial in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Cibrik Diane , Meier‐Kriesche Herwig‐Ulf , Bresnahan Barbara , Wu You Min , Klintmalm Goran , Kew Clifton E. , Kuo Paul C , Whelchel John , Cohen David , Baliga Prabakar , Akalin Enver , Benedetti Enrico , Wright Francis , Lieberman Bonnie , Ulbricht Bettina , Jensik Stephen ,   on behalf of the myfortic‐US01 Renal Transplant Study Group
Published: January 2007

Abstract: Background: Cyclosporine exposure, as estimated by the area under the curve (AUC), predicts outcomes in renal transplantation. Cyclosporine concentration at two h post‐dose (C2) has been shown to be the most reliable, single‐point surrogate marker for AUC. The objective of this study was to measure renal function beyond month 2 post‐transplant using two different C2maintenance targets in combination with enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS), corticosteroids, and basiliximab induction.Methods: In this open‐label, multicenter trial, renal transplant recipients entered one of two randomized groups at day 61 post‐transplant: group A (higher‐C2range) or group B (lower‐C2range).Results: Patients (164) were recruited, and 141 patients were entered the randomized groups (group A, n = 66; group B, n = 75). At 12 months, the mean calculated creatinine clearance was significantly greater in group B than in group A (79.2 vs. 71.0 mL/min, p < 0.05). Biopsy‐proven acute rejection occurred in 14.7% patients in group B and in 24.2% patients in group A (n.s.). During the 12‐month trial, 17.7% patients discontinued EC‐MPS because of adverse events. Group B (44.0%) had fewer serious adverse events when compared with group A (62.1%; p = 0.04). Overall patient and graft survival were 99.4% and 95.7% respectively. Among 99 high‐risk patients (i.e., African‐American race, previous transplant, PRA >35% or >4 HLA mismatches), mean creatinine clearance at 12 months was 65.6 mL/min and biopsy‐proven rejection occurred in 20.2% patients.Conclusions: Low cyclosporine C2levels are associated with improved renal function compared with higher C2levels when used in conjunction with EC‐MPS, steroids and basiliximab induction. EC‐MPS with low cyclosporine C2levels, corticosteroids and basiliximab provides excellent renal function with good efficacy even in high‐risk patients.
Experiences from introducing non‐invasive ventilation in the intensive care unit: a 2‐year prospective consecutive cohort study
Authors: Bülow H.‐H. , Thorsager B. , Hoejberg J. M. 
Published: January 2007

Objective:  To describe 2 years of experience and staff learning curves after the introduction of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV).Methods:  A prospective, consecutive, strictly observational, 2‐year cohort study of all patients treated with NIV in a county general hospital intensive care unit (ICU), with no interventions, was performed.Results:  One hundred and fifty‐seven patients with 15 different diagnoses were treated with NIV. An increasing number of patients were treated in the second year and, probably as a result of increased staff experience, the NIV treatment time and overall time spent in the ICU were less in the second year of the study period (30 h vs. 19 h and 55 h vs. 34 h, respectively; P < 0.05). Patients were also intubated earlier if NIV failed during the second year. Of the 157 patients, 119 had a full treatment option (i.e. including the possibility of invasive mechanical ventilation) and 26% died; their Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II)‐ and Simplified Acute Physiology II (SAPS II)‐predicted death rates were 31% and 32% respectively (not significant, NS). The overall mortality rate in all NIV patients was 38%, compared with predicted death rates of 36% and 33%, respectively (NS). ‘Do‐not‐intubate’ orders were issued for 38 of the 157 patients, and 11 of these (29%) left the hospital alive. Patients treated successfully with NIV had significantly lower APACHE II scores than those in whom it failed (18.8 vs. 22, P= 0.01).Conclusion:  With increasing staff experience, more patients may be treated with NIV and the treatment period decreases significantly. Weaning from NIV has almost exclusively been taken over by nurses. Unselected cohorts of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be treated successfully with NIV, and NIV offers a treatment option even for some patients with a ‘do‐not‐intubate’ order.
Flutrimazole shampoo 1%versus ketoconazole shampoo 2% in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor. A randomised double‐blind comparative trial
Authors: Rigopoulos D. , Gregoriou S. , Kontochristopoulos G. , Ifantides A. , Katsambas A. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryFlutrimazole is an imidazole derivative that has been proven to be efficient in superficial skin fungal infections. The aim of this randomised double‐blind study was to compare for the first time, the efficiency and safety of flutrimazole 1% shampoo versus ketoconazole 2% shampoo in the treatment of tinea versicolor. Study population consisted of 60 patients with pityriasis versicolor diagnosed clinically and through direct microscopy and culture. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one instructed to apply flutrimazole shampoo 1% and one instructed to apply ketoconazole shampoo 2% both on head and body for 14 days. Patients were re‐evaluated 14 days after the end of treatment clinically and through direct microscopy and culture. Twenty‐one of 26 patients (80.8%) in the ketoconazole and 22 of 29 patients (75.9%) in the flutrimazole group had both visual healing and negative mycological evaluation. Comparison of the response between the two groups with the Yates’ corrected chi‐square was found statistically not significant (χ2 = 0.19, d.f. = 1, P = 0.91). None of the patients in the two groups reported any adverse effects. Fourteen (53%) patients in the ketoconazole group and 23 (79%) in the flutrimazole group assessed the shampoos as cosmetically acceptable regarding texture, smell and foam properties. Flutrimazole shampoo 1% appears to present efficacy comparable with ketoconazole 2% in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
Dispersal of Amazonian birds in continuous and fragmented forest
Authors: Van Houtan Kyle S. , Pimm Stuart L. , Halley John M. , Bierregaard Richard O. , Lovejoy Thomas E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMany ecologists believe birds disappear from tropical forest fragments because they are poor dispersers. We test this idea using a spatially explicit capture data base from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project near Manaus, Brazil. We measure bird movements directly, over relatively large scales of space and time, both before and after landscape fragmentation. We found that species which disappear from fragments move extensively between plots before isolation, but not after, and often disperse to longer distances in continuous forest than in fragmented forest. Such species also preferentially emigrate from smaller to larger fragments, showing no preference in continuous forest. In contrast, species that persist in fragments are generally less mobile, do not cross gaps as often, yet disperse further after fragmentation than before. ‘Heavy tailed’ probability models usually explain dispersal kernels better than exponential or Gaussian models, suggesting tropical forest birds may be better dispersers than assumed with some individuals moving very long distances.
Use of microarrays to assess viral diversity: from genotype to phenotype
Authors: Allen Michael J. , Martinez‐Martinez Joaquin , Schroeder Declan C. , Somerfield Paul J. , Wilson William H. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThe diversity among the coccolithovirus strains held in the Plymouth Virus Collection (PVC) was assessed using three complementary techniques: phylogeny based on DNA polymerase and major capsid protein gene sequence; host range; and a new, microarray‐based genome‐wide approach. The PVC is composed of three groups of strains that are geographically and temporally distinct. Virus strains clustered according to these groups in all three diversity assessments. Furthermore, the microarray approach based on genomic content showed that two strains, previously considered as identical to others in the PVC, are actually distinct. These results show the importance of genome‐wide surveys for assessing strain diversity. Not only has the microarray provided an alternative to the phylogeny‐derived pattern for virus evolution, it has also begun to provide some clues to the genes that may be responsible for the different phenotypes displayed by these viruses.
Introduction to Special Issue on International Perspectives on Counseling Psychology
Authors: Leong Frederick T.L. , Savickas Mark L. 
Published: January 2007

Lors du Congrès International de Psychologie Appliquée de 2002 à Singapour, le Conseil d’Administration a entériné la proposition de création d’une Division de Psychologie du Counseling. Pour promouvoir son émergence au sein de l’Association Internationale de Psychologie Appliquée et pour encourager son développement, ce numéro spécial analyse l’état actuel de la psychologie du counseling ainsi que ses évolutions à venir dans quatorze pays différents. Ces analyses examinent les forces, faiblesses, opportunités et menaces de la psychologie du counseling. A partir de la matrice SWOT, dont la méthodologie est exposée dans un article introductif, chaque auteur présente les objectifs et stratégies de la psychologie du counseling dans son propre pays pour la prochaine décade. La conclusion de ce numéro spécial reprend en les commentant l’ensemble des conseils et suggestions afin de construire la psychologie du counseling dans le futur.At the 2002 International Congress of Applied Psychology in Singapore, the Board of Directors voted in support of the proposal to establish a Division of Counseling Psychology. To promulgate the formation of the Division of Counseling Psychology in the International Association of Applied Psychology as well as to foster its development, this special issue presents analyses of the current status and future directions for counseling psychology in 12 different countries. These analyses examine counseling psychology's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Based on these SWOT analyses, which used the methodology explained in this introductory article, each author presents objectives and strategies for advancing counseling psychology in their own countries during the next decade. The special issue concludes with a commentary that reviews and integrates the authors’ recommendations and suggestions for constructing the future of counseling psychology.
Counseling Psychology in China
Authors: Hou Zhi‐Jin , Zhang Naijian 
Published: January 2007

Bien que le counseling et la psychothérapie soient pratiqués en Chine depuis bientôt deux décades, la psychologie du counseling n’a pas émergé comme profession ou discipline. Dans cet article, les auteurs utilisent la méthode SWOT pour analyser le développement de la psychologie du counseling en Chine. Les forces, les faiblesses, les opportunités et les menaces quant au développement d’une psychologie du counseling sont circonscrites ainsi que les directions futures.Although counseling and psychotherapy have been practiced in China for almost two decades, counseling psychology has not emerged as a profession or discipline. In this article, the authors used the SWOT method to analyse the development of counseling psychology in China. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were traced, and future directions for the development of counseling psychology in China were considered.
Counseling Psychology in Hong Kong: A Germinating Discipline
Authors: Leung S. Alvin , Chan Charles C. , Leahy Trisha 
Published: January 2007

Cet article décrit la psychologie du counseling comme discipline émergente à Hong Kong. L’analyse SWOT a été utilisée pour examiner les forces et les faiblesses internes, les opportunités et les menaces externes de cette profession. A partir de cette matrice, des questions stratégiques relatives à l’accroissement et au développement de la psychologie du counseling sont identifiées et discutées. Une vision de la psychologie du counseling à Hong Kong dans la prochaine décade est présentée.This article describes the emerging counseling psychology discipline in Hong Kong. A SWOT analysis was used to examine internal strengths, internal weaknesses, external opportunities, and external threats confronting the counseling psychology profession. Through this process a number of strategic issues central to the growth and development of counseling psychology are identified and discussed. A vision of the counseling psychology discipline in Hong Kong for the next decade is presented.
Counseling Psychology in Israel: A Virtual Specialty in Transition
Authors: Benjamin Benny A. 
Published: January 2007

Le domaine de la psychologie du counseling ne s’est pas encore imposé en Israël comme une spécialité officiellement reconnue. Comme dans bien d’autres pays, la psychologie clinique représente le substrat des services de counseling, pour ce qui est du prestige et du nombre de praticiens. Cependant, les psychologues du counseling ont joué un rôle important pendant des années en faisant la preuve de leurs compétences aussi bien dans le monde universitaire que dans la vie pratique. L’une des retombées positives en est la promotion de la psychologie du travail où nombre de psychologues du counseling ont trouvé un refuge pendant des années, secteur qu’ils ont enrichi aussi bien théoriquement que pratiquement. La psychologie du counseling est en Israël appréhendée avec le souci de fournir une réponse à la demande particulière de counseling de la population locale et dans le cadre de l’évolution de l’ensemble de la profession de psychologue.The field of counseling psychology has yet to take hold in Israel as an officially sanctioned specialty. As in many countries, clinical psychology constitutes the primary deliverer of psychological counseling services, both in number and in status. Nonetheless, counseling psychologists have been prominent over the years in applying their professional skills, both in academia and in applied areas. One local benefit is the boost granted to the vocational psychology field where many counseling psychologists have found a haven over the years and have enriched it, both academically and in practice. Counseling psychology in Israel is discussed in the context of providing a response to the unique counseling needs of the local population and within the structural transition of the psychological profession as a whole.
A Perspective on Counseling Psychology in Japan: Toward a Lifespan Approach
Authors: Watanabe‐Muraoka Agnes Mieko 
Published: January 2007

Un survol de l’histoire de la psychologie du counseling au Japon amène à confronter cinq significations différentes du terme «counseling». Ces divers points de vue relatifs au counseling et à sa signification ont handicapé le développement de la psychologie du counseling. Une approche spécifiquement nippone du counseling est indispensable au développement de la professionnalisation de la discipline au Japon. On conclut l’article par une proposition de théorisation et d’approfondissement de la discipline en tant que psychologie développementale du counseling couvrant l’ensemble de la vie.A precis of counseling psychology's history in Japan leads to discussion of five different meanings for the term “counseling”. These multiple views about counseling and its meaning have hindered development of counseling psychology. An indigenous conceptualisation of counseling is required to promote the professionalisation of the discipline in Japan. A proposal for conceptualising and advancing the discipline as “lifespan developmental counseling psychology” concludes the article.
Transforming a Past into a Future: Counseling Psychology in South Africa
Authors: Watson Mark B. , Fouche Paul 
Published: January 2007

Cet article décrit une analyse SWOT de la profession de psychologue du counseling en Afrique du Sud. Deux sources d’information constituent la base de cette investigation: une revue de la littérature sur la profession et l’analyse thématique d’une enquête réalisée auprès de psychologues du counseling pratiquants ou en formation. Il apparaît que cette profession cherche à se constituer une identité pertinente qui serait en prise avec les problèmes spécifiques relevant de l’histoire sociopolitique et socioéconomique de l’Afrique du Sud. On envisage différentes pistes esquissant une vision d’avenir de la profession aussi bien dans un contexte national qu’international.This article describes a SWOT analysis of the counseling psychology profession in South Africa. Two sources of information formed the basis for the analysis: An examination of the literature on the profession and a content theming of a survey conducted with practising counseling psychologists and those in training. The analysis suggests that the counseling profession is struggling to establish a relevant identity that will address the inherent problems created by South Africa's sociopolitical and socioeconomic history. Several suggestions are made for creating a future vision for the profession within both a national and an international context.