bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sliding‐mode variational structure study of Cuk converter based on target holographic feedback
Authors: Li Jiyong , Chen Peiwen , Zhou Pengcheng 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWith the rapid advancement of new energy sources, distributed power supplies have gained widespread adoption in DC microgrid systems. The stability of the DC‐DC converter, serving as the central component for energy transfer between the distributed power supply and the DC bus, holds significant importance in ensuring the overall system performance. Due to the intricate nature of real‐world operating conditions, the DC bus voltage is frequently subject to uncertainties such as fluctuations in distributed power supplies and random variations in loads. As a consequence, the reliability of DC‐DC converters faces escalating demands, making it challenging for conventional linear controllers to ensure consistent operation of DC‐DC converters across a broad range. This study focuses on addressing this issue by investigating the Cuk converter, which serves as a representative example of a single‐input multiple‐output system. The operating characteristics and control challenges of the Cuk converter are analyzed, and a nonlinear control strategy based on target holographic feedback is proposed to enhance the system's stability. Considering the non‐minimum phase characteristics of the Cuk converter and its inability to be linearized through exact feedback, a sliding mode variable structure control approach is introduced, utilizing target holographic feedback. Through simulation and experimental analysis, the effectiveness of the model and the theoretical analysis are validated.
Testing detectability, attractivity, hedonic specificity, extractability, and robustness of colostrum odor—Toward an olfactory bioassay for human neonates
Authors: Klaey‐Tassone Magali , Soussignan Robert , Durand Karine , Roy Sarah Le , Damon Fabrice , Villière Angélique , Fillonneau Catherine , Prost Carole , Patris Bruno , Sagot Paul , Schaal Benoist 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman milk odor is attractive and appetitive for human newborns. Here, we studied behavioral and heart‐rate (HR) responses of 2‐day‐old neonates to the odor of human colostrum. To evaluate detection in two conditions of stimulus delivery, we first presented the odor of total colostrum against water. Second, the hedonic specificity of total colostrum odor was tested against vanilla odor. Third, we delivered only the fresh effluvium of colostrum separated from the colostrum matrix; the stability of this colostrum effluvium was then tested after deep congelation; finally, after sorptive extraction of fresh colostrum headspace, we assessed the activity of colostrum volatiles eluting from the gas chromatograph (GC). Regardless of the stimulus‐delivery method, neonates displayed attraction reactions (HR decrease) as well as appetitive oral responses to the odor of total colostrum but not to vanilla odor. The effluvium separated from the fresh colostrum matrix remained appetitive but appeared labile under deep freezing. Finally, volatiles from fresh colostrum effluvium remained behaviorally active after GC elution, although at lower magnitude. In sum, fresh colostrum effluvium and its eluate elicited a consistent increase in newborns’ oral activity (relative to water or vanilla), and they induced shallow HR decrease. Newborns’ appetitive oral behavior was the most reproducible response criterion to the effluvium of colostrum. In conclusion, a set of unidentified volatile compounds from human colostrum is robust enough after extraction from the original matrix and chromatographic processing to continue eliciting appetitive responses in neonates, thus opening new directions to isolate and assay specific volatile molecules of colostrum.
Local and regional‐scale effects of hedgerows on grassland‐ and forest‐associated bird populations within agroecosystems
Authors: de Zwaan Devin R. , Hannah Kevin C. , Alavi Niloofar , Mitchell Greg W. , Lapen David R. , Duffe Jason , Wilson Scott 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLinear woody features (LWFs), like hedgerows along field edges, provide wildlife habitat and support biodiversity in agroecosystems. Assessments of LWFs usually focus on community‐level indices, such as species richness. However, effective conservation actions need to balance the contrasting habitat preferences of different wildlife species, necessitating a focus on population‐level effects in working landscapes. We assessed associations between LWFs and abundance for 45 bird species within an intensive agroecosystem in eastern Ontario, Canada. We used distance‐ and removal‐sampling methods across 4 years (2016–2019) to estimate local bird abundance in habitats representing a range of LWF densities. We also predicted abundance across a subset of the study region with and without LWFs to understand their contribution to regional population density. Associations between local bird abundance and LWFs were variable among species, but overall community effects were clearly positive, particularly for forest and shrubland species. At the site level, 20/45 species (44%) had higher densities associated with greater LWF presence on average, compared to 5/45 (11%) with negative associations. At the regional scale, LWFs had predicted benefits on total abundance for 31 species (69%), contributing to an estimated 20% increase on average. Positive effects were most pronounced in areas with greater agricultural land use (primarily field crops), suggesting LWFs may provide crucial habitat in heavily modified landscapes but have little to no additional benefit for the avian community in areas with greater existing heterogeneity and habitat retention. Species that responded negatively tended to be at risk with strong habitat preferences for intact forests or large, open grasslands and, thus, greater sensitivity to potential edge effects. With rapidly declining songbird populations and a global need for food security, conservation strategies that amplify biodiversity and enhance agricultural productivity through ecosystem services such as pest control, pollination, and water regulation are vital. We demonstrate the benefits of habitat heterogeneity in agroecosystems on songbird densities and highlight the need to integrate local and landscape‐level assessments in conservation planning. An effective, balanced strategy includes concentrating LWFs in areas of extensive arable crops, with habitat retention patches where possible, while maintaining heterogeneity through mixtures of natural habitats and pastoral farming in less intensive regions.
Feasibility and acceptability of a pilot studying investigating multi‐family parent‐only guided self‐help family‐based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Matheson Brittany E. , Van Wye Eliza , Whyte Aileen , Lock James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveFamily‐based treatment (FBT) is an efficacious treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). A parent‐only guided self‐help version of FBT (GSH‐FBT) demonstrated preliminary efficacy in pilot investigations. To address challenges in access to care, we adapted GSH‐FBT into a parent‐only multi‐family group format (MF‐GSH‐FBT) delivered via videoconferencing.MethodThis report details the feasibility and acceptability of a parent‐only group‐based multi‐family GSH‐FBT (MF‐GSH‐FBT) for adolescent AN delivered virtually. The MF‐GSH‐FBT intervention consisted of 12 weekly 60‐min sessions facilitated by a clinician in addition to online FBT video content and recommended readings. Adolescents and parents completed assessments at baseline and post‐treatment. Parents reported their child's weight each week.ResultsA total of 13 adolescents (15.57 + 1.63 years; 92% female; 23% Hispanic) with AN and their parents enrolled and initiated treatment. Four consecutive cohorts of groups of 3–4 families were completed from April 2022 to April 2023. Across cohorts, parents attended 85% of sessions. Most parents rated the treatment sessions as helpful (79%; agree/strongly agree) and felt supported by the other group members (84%). All parents (100%) reported MF‐GSH‐FBT helped their child, and most (90%) reported their child had improved by end‐of‐treatment. On average, adolescents gained 3.53 kg (SD: 3.76) from pre‐ to post‐treatment, with percent estimated mean body weight increasing 5% on average. Parental self‐efficacy also increased from baseline to end‐of‐treatment.DiscussionMF‐GSH‐FBT for AN appears feasible and acceptable to parents participating in this pilot study. Challenges with recruitment and adolescent data collection remain questions for future investigation.Public significanceThis study describes initial pilot testing of a virtual guided self‐help family‐based treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa delivered in a multi‐family group format. This treatment aims to enhance access to family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa whilst providing additional support to parents.
Unprecedented and laborless polymer film of azorubin S for electrocatalytic sensing of nicotine in human serum and saliva
Authors: Liv Lokman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn accurate, disposable and cost‐effective determination, and monitoring of nicotine in human bodily fluids such as serum and saliva is significant due to the deleterious effects on humankind. In this paper, it was reported an electrocatalytic sensing platform for nicotine determination with poly azorubin s film modified pencil graphite electrode qualified by electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electron beam based technique of scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray based techniques including photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The developed platform exhibited a 410 % signal increase compared to the bare pencil graphite electrode (280 % increase in current density over aPGE) for nicotine detection due to the improved charge transfer and conductivity characteristics of the polymer film. The oxidation peak at 700 mV was employed for nicotine detection with a good detection sensitivity of
, a remarkable detection limit of 89 nM, and wide linear ranges of 0.25–3 μM and 5–100 μM. Furthermore, the electrochemical sensor showcases superb stability, selectivity and accuracy for the determination of nicotine in real samples of human serum and saliva.
The benefits and costs of explainable artificial intelligence in visual quality control: Evidence from fault detection performance and eye movements
Authors: Müller Romy , Reindel David F. , Stadtfeld Yannick D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVisual inspection tasks often require humans to cooperate with artificial intelligence (AI)‐based image classifiers. To enhance this cooperation, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can highlight those image areas that have contributed to an AI decision. However, the literature on visual cueing suggests that such XAI support might come with costs of its own. To better understand how the benefits and cost of XAI depend on the accuracy of AI classifications and XAI highlights, we conducted two experiments that simulated visual quality control in a chocolate factory. Participants had to decide whether chocolate molds contained faulty bars or not, and were always informed whether the AI had classified the mold as faulty or not. In half of the experiment, they saw additional XAI highlights that justified this classification. While XAI speeded up performance, its effects on error rates were highly dependent on (X)AI accuracy. XAI benefits were observed when the system correctly detected and highlighted the fault, but XAI costs were evident for misplaced highlights that marked an intact area while the actual fault was located elsewhere. Eye movement analyses indicated that participants spent less time searching the rest of the mold and thus looked at the fault less often. However, we also observed large interindividual differences. Taken together, the results suggest that despite its potentials, XAI can discourage people from investing effort into their own information analysis.
The risk of vaginal, vulvar and anal precancer and cancer according to high‐risk HPV status in cervical cytology samples
Authors: Lindquist Sofie , Frederiksen Kirsten , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Kjær Susanne K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is the cause of virtually all cervical cancers, most vaginal and anal cancers, and some vulvar cancer cases. With HPV testing becoming the primary screening method for cervical cancer, understanding the link between cervical hrHPV infection and the risk of other anogenital cancers is crucial. We assessed the risk of vulvar, vaginal and anal cancer and precancer (VIN2+, VaIN2+ and AIN2+) in a prospective cohort study including 455,349 women who underwent cervical hrHPV testing in Denmark from 2005 to 2020. We employed Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, calendar year and HPV vaccination status, and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used the Aalen Johansen estimator to calculate the absolute risks of VIN2+, VaIN2+ and AIN2+. In total, 15% of the women were hrHPV positive at baseline. A positive cervical hrHPV test was associated with increased incidence of vulvar, vaginal and anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Five‐year risk estimates of VIN2+, VaIN2+ and AIN2+ among hrHPV‐positive women (0.45%, 0.14% and 0.12%) were higher than among hrHPV‐negative women (0.14%, 0.01% and 0.05%). Particularly high risk was observed among the hrHPV‐positive women of the oldest age, with a history of anogenital precancer and those not HPV vaccinated. In conclusion, our study confirms the association between cervical hrHPV infection and non‐cervical anogenital precancers and cancers. Currently, no established risk threshold or guidelines for follow‐up. As HPV testing becomes the primary method for cervical cancer screening, future data will help define high‐risk groups and acceptable risk thresholds.
Stretchable spring‐sheathed yarn sensor for 3D dynamic body reconstruction assisted by transfer learning
Authors: Wu Ronghui , Ma Liyun , Chen Zhiyong , Shi Yating , Shi Yifang , Liu Sai , Chen Xiaowei , Patil Aniruddha , Lin Zaifu , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Chuan , Yu Rui , Wang Changyong , Zhou Jin , Guo Shihui , Yu Weidong , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA wearable sensing system that can reconstruct dynamic 3D human body models for virtual cloth fitting is highly important in the era of information and metaverse. However, few research has been conducted regarding conformal sensors for accurately measuring the human body circumferences for dynamic 3D human body reshaping. Here, we develop a stretchable spring‐sheathed yarn sensor (SSYS) as a smart ruler, for precisely measuring the circumference of human bodies and long‐term tracking the movement for the dynamic 3D body reconstruction. The SSYS has a robust property, high resilience, high stability (>18 000), and ultrafast response (12 ms) to external deformation. It is also washable, wearable, tailorable, and durable for long‐time wearing. Moreover, geometric, and mechanical behaviors of the SSYS are systematically investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, a transfer learning algorithm that bridges the discrepancy of real and virtual sensing performance is developed, enabling a small body circumference measurement error of 1.79%, noticeably lower than that of traditional learning algorithm. Furtherly, 3D human bodies that are numerically consistent with the actual bodies are reconstructed. The 3D dynamic human body reconstruction based on the wearing sensing system and transfer learning algorithm enables excellent virtual fitting and shirt customization in a smart and highly efficient manner. This wearable sensing technology shows great potential in human‐computer interaction, intelligent fitting, specialized protection, sports activities, and human physiological health tracking.image
Multilayer ordered silver nanowire network films by self‐driven climbing for large‐area flexible optoelectronic devices
Authors: Yang Jianmin , Chang Li , Zhao Hongkai , Zhang Xiqi , Cao Ziquan , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSilver nanowire (AgNW) networks hold great promises as next‐generation flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for high‐performance flexible optoelectronic devices. However, achieving large‐area flexible AgNW network electrodes with low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, and a smooth surface remains a grand challenge. Here, we report a straightforward and cost‐effective roll‐to‐roll method that includes interface assembly/wetting‐induced climbing transfer, nanowelding, and washing processess to fabricate flexible ordered layered AgNW electrodes with high network uniformity. By manipulating the stacking number of the interfacially assembled AgNW monolayer, we can precisely tailor and balance the transparency and the conductivity of the electrodes, achieving an exceptional Figure of Merit (FoM) value of 862. Moreover, the ordered layered structure enhances surface smoothness, compared with randomly arranged structures. To highlight the potential of these ordered layered AgNW network electrodes in flexible optoelectronic devices, we successfully employ them as highly sensitive strain sensors, large‐area flexible touch screens, and flexible smart windows. Overall, this work represents a substantial advance toward high‐performance FTEs over large areas, opening up exciting opportunities for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.image
The flame retardant triphenyl phosphate alters the epigenome of embryonic cells in an aquatic in vitro model
Authors: Germain Logan , Winn Louise M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTriphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is an organophosphate flame retardant and plasticizer that is added to a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. It is also a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Exposure to TPhP has been shown to alter gene expression in metabolic and estrogenic signaling pathways in in vitro and in vivo models of a variety of species, and as such, is considered to be an endocrine disrupting chemical. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals is increasingly being associated with changes to the epigenome, especially during embryonic development. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TPhP exposure in aquatic ecosystems has the ability to alter the epigenome in two immortal cell lines derived from trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This study assessed whether 24 h exposure to TPhP resulted in changes to histone modification and DNA methylation profiles in steelhead trout embryonic cells and rainbow trout gill epithelial cells. Results show that several epigenetic modifications on histone H3 and DNA methylation are altered in the embryonic cells following TPhP exposure, but not in the gill epithelial cells. Specifically, histone H3 acetylation, histone H3 mono‐methylation and global DNA methylation were found to be reduced. The alterations of these epigenetic modification profiles in the embryonic cells suggest that exposure to TPhP during fetal development may alter gene expression in the developing embryo, likely in metabolic and estrogenic pathways. The impacts to the epigenome determined in this study may even carry multigenerational detrimental effects on human and ecosystem health, which requires further investigation.
Isomeric differentiation of bile acids using three‐dimensional MS2 spectrum
Authors: Niu Xiaoya , Zhou Yuxuan , Zhao Wenhui , Li Xiaoyun , Ren Luyao , Tu Pengfei , Liu Wenjing , Song Yuelin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBile acids (BAs) currently occupy the research hotspot because of their unreplaceable physiological functions as well as their unique abilities to reflect the physiopathological status. It is always challenging to characterize BAs‐submetabolome using LC–MS/MS, primarily attributing to the high‐level structural diversity. The key obstructing confirmative identification is isomeric identification because of the inherent “isomer‐blind” disadvantage of MS/MS. The isomerism styles of BAs are broadly divided into: type‐I, 5α‐H and 5β‐H epimers; type‐II, α‐OH and β‐OH epimers; type‐III, C‐OH positional isomers; and type‐IV, hybrid isomers bearing two or more isomerism fashions. Herein, we aim to comprehensively pursue isomer‐selective clues for BAs through constructing three‐dimensional MS2 (3D‐MS2) spectrum that was accomplished by fortifying energy‐resolved MS (ER‐MS) program as the new dimension. The breakdown graphs of primary MS2 spectral signals composed of 3D‐MS2 spectrum namely full collision energy ramp (FCER)‐MS2 spectrum for each BA species after appropriate normalization, and seven isomeric BAs covering all isomerism styles were utilized as representative cases. After recording MS2 spectra with progressive CE levels, differences were observed for their FCER‐MS2 spectra. Diagnostic fragment ions (DFIs) occurred within type‐I, type‐II, type‐III or type‐IV isomers, and noteworthily, 2.02 Da neutral loss discriminated BAs containing cis‐6,7‐diol and trans‐6,7‐diol functional groups. Notably, the features such as the maximal relative ion intensity (RIImax) and optimal CE (OCE) enabled isomeric differentiation for all types, even type‐II and type‐III isomers. Above all, it is feasible to acquire in‐depth isomer‐selective MS/MS clues for BAs using FCER‐MS2 spectrum, regardless of the isomerism manner.
Effect of Phase Encoding Direction on Image Quality in Single‐Shot EPI Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging of the Breast
Authors: Rodríguez‐Soto Ana E. , Zou Jingjing , Loubrie Stephane , Ebrahimi Sheida , Jordan Stephan , Schlein Alexandra , Lim Vivian , Ojeda‐Fournier Haydee , Rakow‐Penner Rebecca 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIn breast diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), distortion and physiologic artifacts affect clinical interpretation. Image quality can be optimized by addressing the effect of phase encoding (PE) direction on these artifacts.PurposeTo compare distortion artifacts in breast DWI acquired with different PE directions and polarities, and to discuss their clinical implications.Study TypeProspective.PopulationEleven healthy volunteers (median age: 47 years old; range: 22–74 years old) and a breast phantom.Field Strength/SequenceSingle‐shot echo planar DWI and three‐dimensional fast gradient echo sequences at 3 T.AssessmentAll DWI data were acquired with left–right, right–left, posterior–anterior, and anterior–posterior PE directions. In phantom data, displacement magnitude was evaluated by comparing the location of landmarks in anatomical and DWI images. Three breast radiologists (5, 17, and 23 years of experience) assessed the presence or absence of physiologic artifacts in volunteers' DWI datasets and indicated their PE‐direction preference.Statistical TestsAnalysis of variance with post‐hoc tests were used to assess differences in displacement magnitude across DWI datasets and observers. A binomial test and a chi‐squared test were used to evaluate if each in vivo DWI dataset had an equal probability (25%) of being preferred by radiologists. Inter‐reader agreement was evaluated using Gwet's AC1 agreement coefficient. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the phantom study, median displacement was the significantly largest in posterior–anterior data. While the displacement in the anterior–posterior and left–right data were equivalent (P = 0.545). In the in vivo data, there were no physiological artifacts observed in any dataset, regardless of PE direction. In the reader study, there was a significant preference for the posterior–anterior datasets which were selected 94% of the time. There was good agreement between readers (0.936).Data ConclusionThis study showed the impact of PE direction on distortion artifacts in breast DWI. In healthy volunteers, the posterior‐to‐anterior PE direction was preferred by readers.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1