bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical sialylated N-glycan structures are attached to neuronal voltage-gated potassium channels
Authors: Cartwright Tara A. , Schwalbe Ruth A. 
Published: October 2008

Mammalian brains contain relatively high amounts of common and uncommon sialylated N-glycan structures. Sialic acid linkages were identified for voltage-gated potassium channels, Kv3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4, by evaluating their electrophoretic migration patterns in adult rat brain membranes digested with various glycosidases. Additionally, their electrophoretic migration patterns were compared with those of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), transferrin and the Kv3.1 protein heterologously expressed in B35 neuroblastoma cells. Metabolic labelling of the carbohydrates combined with glycosidase digestion reactions were utilized to show that the N-glycan of recombinant Kv3.1 protein was capped with an oligo/poly-sialyl unit. All three brain Kv3 glycoproteins, like NCAM, were terminated with α2,3-linked sialyl residues, as well as atypical α2,8-linked sialyl residues. Additionally, at least one of their antennae was terminated with an oligo/poly-sialyl unit, similar to recombinant Kv3.1 and NCAM. In contrast, brain Kv1 glycoproteins consisted of sialyl residues with α2,8-linkage, as well as sialyl residues linked to internal carbohydrate residues of the carbohydrate chains of the N-glycans. This type of linkage was also supported for Kv3 glycoproteins. To date, such a sialyl linkage has only been identified in gangliosides, not N-linked glycoproteins. We conclude that all six Kv channels (voltage-gated K+ channels) contribute to the α2,8-linked sialylated N-glycan pool in mammalian brain and furthermore that their N-glycan structures contain branched sialyl residues. Identification of these novel and unique sialylated N-glycan structures implicate a connection between potassium channel activity and atypical sialylated N-glycans in modulating and fine-tuning the excitable properties of neurons in the nervous system.
Effect of adjuvant paclitaxel and carboplatin for advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer: A population‐based cohort study of all patients in western Sweden with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: ÅKESON MARGARETHA , ZETTERQVIST BRITT‐MARIE , DAHLLÖF KALLE , BRÄNNSTRÖM MATS , HORVATH GYÖRGY 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. To evaluate long‐term survival and prognostic factors for all epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients after adjuvant treatment with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Design. Prospectively collected data from a population‐based cohort. Setting. Western Sweden Health Care Region. Population. All women diagnosed with EOC between 1998 and 2005. Methods. Data related to age, stage, surgery, histopathology, grade, ploidy status, CA‐125, follow‐up, recurrence and death of EOC patients (n = 976) were prospectively collected in a quality register. No patient was lost to follow‐up and the median follow‐up was 68 months (range: 27–110). Main outcome measures. Relative survival at 5 and 8 years for all and for those treated with chemotherapy; median progression‐free survival (PFS) for stage IIB–IV patients treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Results. Relative 5‐ and 8‐year survival rates in the subgroup of patients treated with chemotherapy after surgery (n = 853) were 50.4% (95% CI: 46.4–54.3) and 40.5% (95% CI: 35.4–45.6), respectively. The median relative survival time of the entire group of patients was 60 months (95% CI: 52–73). The median PFS for the patients in stage IIB–IV treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin was 18 months (95% CI: 17–20). Well‐established prognostic factors of age, stage, residual tumor and post‐operative CA‐125 were of prognostic significance. Conclusion. Post‐surgical adjuvant chemotherapy of paclitaxel and carboplatin for advanced stages of EOC does not seem to increase the relative 5‐year survival rate or the median PFS compared to results of earlier studies of a similar patient cohort from the same geographical area.
Risk factors for periventricular leukomalacia
Authors: HATZIDAKI ELEFTHERIA , GIAHNAKIS EMMANOUEL , MARAKA SOPHIA , KORAKAKI EFTYCHIA , MANOURA ANTONIA , SAITAKIS EMMANOUEL , PAPAMASTORAKI ISABELLA , MARGARI KALIOPI‐MARIA , GIANNAKOPOULOU CHRISTINA 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. To identify risk factors implicated in the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and to evaluate the possible association between PVL with neonatal morbidity. Design. Retrospective case control study. Setting. Medical records of neonates admitted to a University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2005. Population. Sixty‐nine neonates with PVL born at gestational ages from 24 to 34 weeks. Forty‐three of these had a cystic form of PVL (cPVL), whereas 26 had transient periventricular echodensities (PVE). Methods. Each case was matched for gestational age and year of birth with one control. The maternal and neonatal medical records were searched. All data was compared between cases with PVL and controls, as well as between cases with cPVL and those with PVE. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent predictors of PVL. Results. Neonates with PVL suffered more frequently from intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), respiratory distress syndrome type I (RDS I), seizures, sepsis, required more days of both mechanical ventilation and oxygen administration, while the duration of their hospitalization was longer compared to controls. Also, they were born more frequently to mothers who suffered from preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and clinical chorioamnionitis. We found that male gender, PPROM, preeclampsia, hypocarbia and IVH were independently associated with PVL. Conclusions. This study revealed that preterm neonates born to mothers with PPROM or preeclampsia, as well as neonates who presented with hypocarbia or suffered from IVH, appeared to be at high risk for the development of PVL.
THE INFORMATION SOCIETY: COMPUTOPIA, DYSTOPIA, MYOPIA
Authors: Bryant Antony 
Published: October 2008

As the twenty-first century approaches … the possibilities of a univerally opulent society being realised have appeared in the sense that [Adam] Smith envisioned it, and the information society that will emerge from the computer communications revolution will be a society that actually moves towards a universal society of plenty … this is what I mean by “Computopia” (Masuda)
Our culture … is already committed to the proposition that the only legitimate knowledge we can gain of our world is that yielded by science. All thinking, dreaming, feeling, indeed all other sources of insight have already be delegitimated. The indoctrination of our children's minds with simplistic and uninformed computer idolatory … is a pandemic phenomenon (Weizenbaum)2
INFORMATION DIFFUSION: RECONCILING SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AND PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Chapman Ralph 
                      J. K. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
This paper is concerned with the policy-making processes and the nature of the information available to those who participate in them. At a very simple level of concern is the issue of how to define what is a risk to which governments should pay attention in the public interest. For those responsible for making policy decisions there are real dilemmas. The policy process itself is inadequate to deal with the processing of scientific information about risk. A representative parliamentary system is notoriously ill-equipped to cope with a multiplicity of information sources. The question of which particular scientific voice should be regarded as legitimate is problematic. There is no single institutional centre to identify particular problems. It is this latter question that creates the most difficulty for policymakers since they need to base their justification of policy on the most valid of grounds. In the past objective scientific fact has been so regarded. Today there are as many different scientific opinions as there are advisers. Problems are defined and redefined depending on the control of the agenda at any one point in time. Some suggestions are made about how these dilemmas might be addressed.
COMPUTER CRIME: NEW PROBLEM FOR THE INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Forester Tom , Morrison Perry 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
The new information and communication technologies bring many benefits to society, but they also create new social and ethical problems — such as software theft, invasions of privacy, hacking and the creation of viruses. Computer-assisted crime is one of the most serious and its apparent growth in recent years demonstrates clearly how new technologies create new opportunities for criminal activity. The available evidence on the nature and extent of computer crime is reviewed, together with the available data on participation. Techniques for improving computer security are then discussed and the appropriate lessons drawn.
VALUE ADDED SERVICES: APPLICATIONS, ACCEPTABILITY AND POLICIES — THE CASE OF TELECONFERENCING
Authors: Quayle Michael 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
Recent technological developments have fused computer and telecommunications technologies together creating the scope for a wider and more diversified array of communication services. The new services rising out of this integration are called value-added services (VAS) and are offered on value-added networks (VAN). One such new offering is teleconferencing which involves multipoint simultaneous or store and forward connect facilities using audio, video, computer or graphic support systems. This paper reports on some results collected from a recent study on the applications and acceptability of teleconferencing as a new value-added service. It compares views recently collected from the United States and explores the actors that will determine acceptability and take-up of the new service offering. Some attention is also paid to new regulator provisions and pricing practices for the VAS and contends that teleconferencing may well be a test case to determine the boundary between old and new technologies.
THE LOW DOWN ON HIGH TECH DOWN UNDER, OR THE PLAIN PERSON'S GUIDE TO THE MULTIFUNCTION POLIS
Authors: Inkster Ian 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
This paper examines conditions of Australian acceptance for the multifunction polis (MFP). A specific physical location has taken the place of the earlier network concept. Other characteristics are: the MFP will be an entrepŏt; it will export information, produce and institutional modes; and it must serve as an environmental tariff wall. For Japan the MFP can contribute to technological ‘catch-up’ and serve the dual function of improving Japan's international and cultural image as well as focussing information transfer to Japan. For Australia the MFP can facilitate industrial restructuring by providing an innovating institutional environment for manufacturing innovation and production, with a possible increase in foreign investment and venture capital. This restructuring link is problematic due to external uncertainties. Key issues are urban location, internationalisation, the centrality of high-tech, contracted employment, internal organization, the position in the technological system, and the decision making process.
CURRENT TRENDS IN RESEARCH POLICY
Authors: Phillips David , Vervoorn Aat 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
The major research policy issues being addressed in Australian higher education arise from problems common to all developed countries and cannot be understood purely in terms of local circumstances. In the immediate future there is likely to be more rather than less emphasis on the competitive allocation of resources, selectivity and concentration in funding, and the setting of research priorities. These trends, together with growth in postgraduate research training, will encourage movement towards a method of funding higher education in which the research and research training functions of institutions are more explicitly identified and there is greater reliance on targeted research funding.
THE ACCORD AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AUSTRALIAN MANUFACTURING SECTOR
Authors: Burgess John 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT
Productivity enhancement is at the forefront of the current programmes of microeconomic reform and award restructuring. However, the combination of the effects of the Accord, high real interest rates and restrictive demand management policies are constraining labour productivity growth. Technical progress in the Accord period has been largely capital augmenting, a reversal of earlier trends. The implication is that productivity growth is likely to be low in the future despite the emphasis of current supply side policy measures.
FITTING LAW TO INNOVATION POLICY
Authors: Arup C.J. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Law plays an important part in innovation policy. It is represented in a wide range of relevant policies such as intellectual property, trade and competition, industry assistance and government enterprise policy. Law acts however both as an instrument of government policy and as a check on that policy. These two sides to law can be illustrated by the competition between two basic legal approaches to policy implementation, the bureaucratic-legal approach and the purposive action approach. The paper traces recent Australian developments in innovation law and identifies the tension in recent policy experience between the two approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOINT VENTURES AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: SOME ECONOMIC ISSUES
Authors: Tisdell Clem 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

The paper outlines the benefits and drawbacks to domestic enterprises and to a country of international joint business ventures both at home and abroad. It takes account of such factors as transfer of (and failure to transfer) technology and knowhow, access to markets, cost considerations, provision of capital and foreign exchange and the possibility of continuing dependence on joint-ventures and foreign knowhow. Alternatives to joint ventures, such as purchase of knowhow, solely foreign-owned enterprises, franchising and symbiotic co-operation between legally independent firms, are also considered as means of transfer of knowhow. The impact of profit distribution between partners in a joint venture on knowledge transfer and collective returns is considered from a different viewpoint from that normally considered in the literature. Practical problems, such as the search for a suitable business partner and the problem of detecting and revealing anti-social behaviourby a partner, are raised.
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURE: THE VIEWS OF FARMER REPRESENTATIVES
Authors: Lawrence Geoffrey , McKenzie Helen , Vanclay Frank 
Published: October 2008

Biotechnology has the potential to impact significantly upon agriculture. However, although biotechnology is being promoted by the Australian Government and the National Farmers’ Federation, there are growing concerns about the environmental and social impacts of biotechnological applications.
A survey of representatives of rural producer organisations was undertaken to assess the policy positions of those groups who will be most affected by the new developments. It was found that few groups had actually developed a policy and that many representatives were personally uncertain and unclear about the position of the members. A major difference was observed between organic farming organisations — which form a small proportion of the total number of groups surveyed (and which are opposed to further biotechnological development) — and conventional farming organisations which express widespread and largely uncritical support of agrobiotechnological research and development in Australia.
A TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE IS NOT AN INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Lamberton Don 
Published: October 2008

We are now living in the Information Age, where information-handling activities, taken, together, are the dominant claim on resources. The infrastructure needed to make this socio-economic system work is much more than the phones, switches, cables and satellites of the telecommunications engineers and the telecommunications equipment industry. The other complementary resources are a mix of people with skills, organizational capital, markets, a legal framework, regulatory institutions, and, especially, information stocks. Our concept of capital has to take in this mixed bag of resources.
A focus on the social and economic implications of the growth of codified knowledge may well contribute to understanding the complex processes of change given new emphasis by the Information Age. One way of tackling this task is to develop a taxonomy of information, based on its economically significant characteristics, to replace the general purpose concept now in wide use.
Information Technology: A Critical Perspective on its Economic Effects
Authors: PREISSL BRIGITTE 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInformation Technology (IT) is commonly seen as the most important motor for growth and economic restructuring in the near future. Visions about massive benefits to be derived from these developments are contrasted by frustration over productivity effects, by uncertainty about impacts on employment, and by concerns about a general ‘information overflow’ in a global network society. The contradictions between enthusiastic forecasts and much more sober outcomes have given rise to a debate on the potential and danger of IT. The present paper intends to add to this debate. Promises of common IT scenarios will be confronted with problem-oriented and critical approaches. The paper proceeds from an analysis of deficits in the current debates towards the identification of new elements of a critical approach in IT research.
Multidisciplinary Policy Research—An Australian Experience
Authors: BAMMER GABRIELE 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A brief overview is provided of a project which examined the feasibility of conducting a trial of heroin prescription for dependent heroin users. The processes used in the feasibility study brought together multiple disciplines and interest groups and some detailed examples of how this worked are presented. The paper concludes by drawing out some general strands relating to the strengths of multidisciplinary research generally, guidelines for how to do it and comments on multidisciplinary policy research in particular.
Communicative Strategies and the Evolution of Organisations Facing the New Turbulence: ICTs as Problems and Opportunities
Authors: HEARN GREG , NINAN ABRAHAM 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Traditional organisational structures are currently being challenged by rapid changes in their environments, primarily caused by the introduction of computer and information technology. Successful transition to new patterns of organisation which makes sense of the complex meaning of these new environments require both ‘creative’ (self organising) and stabilising (self referencing) processes. This paper justifies the theoretical importance of considering communication as a necessary response by organisations to non-linear change. The processes by which organisations might accommodate new organisational turbulence and strategies for creating desirable futures within turbulent organisational environments are considered.
Signs of Convergence? Images of the University in the Management of R&D
Authors: RANDLE KEITH 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
This paper examines the adoption of university images in a pharmaceutical R&D company, arguing that this may be intended to bring benefits to management. The author finds some irony in this, identifying tendencies within the UK higher education system to draw on the images and the practices of business and commerce in its own management. Drawing on empirical data from interviews at Pharmco, the paper argues that, in practice, the image cannot be sustained and competition in the pharmaceutical sector is leading to a disparity between the projected image and management practice. Management in both types of organisation, it concludes, are responding to their respective environments by tightening control.
Pioneering Strategies and Small Firms, an Australia–UK Comparison
Authors: LOWE JULIAN 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
An important aspect of strategic choke is whether to be a pioneer or a follower. This issue is especially important for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), potentially disadvantaged by scale in design, production and marketing. However, empirical evidence suggests that, in spite of their size, SMEs may benefit from being pioneers or first movers'. Indeed, in some markets being first may be the only way SMEs can compete against larger firms, whose advantages in exploitation may be more scale intensive than in earlier stages of the innovation process.
The UK and Australian economies present an interesting context for a comparison of SME pioneering strategies. The UK market is larger and its relative competitiveness is increased by smaller geographical distance and the ability of the market to support a greater number of firms, both large and small. Such differences in the potential competitiveness of markets might substantially influence the nature of SME strategies and the role of pioneering advantage.
The study reported in this paper examines the strategies of a matched sample of 478 firms in Australia and the UK. Timing of entry models are developed and tested. The different economic contexts, however, provide contrasting explanations of pioneering strategies. Technological turbulence and size of firm appear to be important determinants of strategy in both countries, but are most statistically significant for UK firms. Perceived competitive advantage provides the bulk of explanation of strategic behaviour for Australian firms. The overall UK models perform better statistically, suggesting that there may be more convergence towards some ‘norm’ for these firms. Overall statistical fit suggests a robust model construction and successful operationalisation of important strategy variables.
Public Funding of Agricultural Research: Competitive Versus Non-Competitive Mechanisms
Authors: Tisdell Clem 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A substantial portion of agricultural research and development (R&D) is publicly funded. It is therefore, important to give attention to the socially ideal allocation and administration of funds for agricultural R&D as is done here. The types of mechanisms used to allocate these public funds and administer their uses can be expected to influence the research results produced and ultimately the level of returns or benefits obtained from this expenditure. Different public mechanisms for allocating and administering agricultural research funding are discussed from this point of view, paying attention to economic considerations. The non-competitive allocation of block grants to institutions is compared with their competitive allocation. Possibilities for allocation to sections of institutions or to individuals are also considered. Centralized versus decentralized mechanisms for allocating and administering R&D within organizations are discussed. In designing appropriate mechanisms for the allocation and administration of the use of public agricultural R&D funds, account needs to be taken of such factors as transaction costs, knowledge limitations, the importance of learning by doing the accretion of institutional capital and the collective accumulation of knowledge and skills within organizations. These factors together with market failures, limit the scope for efficient use of competitive mechanisms in allocating funds for agricultural R&D.