bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regioselective Preparation of Allylgermanes
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun-ichi , Tamada Yoshitake , Takeda Takeshi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Allylgermanes were obtained by the reaction of allyl acetates with bis(triethylgermyl)cuprate(I) reagent in high yields. It was found that the present reaction proceeded with high regioselectivity, in which a triethylgermyl group was exclusively introduced to the less substituted side of an allylic system regardless of the original location of acetoxyl group. In the case of the allyl acetates possessing two secondary centers at the both ends of the allylic system, the formal SN2 product was preferentially produced (SN2 : SN2′ = ca. 9 : 1). The desulfurizative germylation of allyl phenyl sulfides utilizing bis(triethylgermyl)cuprate(I) reagent also proceeded to give allylgermanes in good yields with the same regioselectivity.
Photochemical Reactions of 4-Methyl-2-quinolinecarbonitrile with 2,2-Diphenylalkanoic Acids. The Magnetic-Field and Solvent Effects and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Okumura Yoko , Hata Norisuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Magnetic-field and solvent effects upon the photochemical reactions of 4-methyl-2-quinolinecarbonitrile with achiral carboxylic acids, such as diphenylacetic acid and 2,2-diphenylpropionic acid, were investigated. Consequently, the photoreactions were concluded to proceed by a radical-pair mechanism.
Pyrolysis of Di-n-Propylamine : Chromatographic Characterization of Hexane-Soluble Product and XPS Analysis of Insoluble Carbons
Authors: Murata Kazuhisa , Ushijima Hirobumi , Sugimoto Yoshikazu , Shimada Hiromichi , Imamura Motoyasu , Nishijima Akio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Characterizations of soluble and insoluble products prepared from di-n-propylamine by CVD method were carried out using GC-MS and XPS methods in addition to magnetic measurements. GC-MS analysis of hexane-soluble product showed the presence of a series of aromatics with aromatic nitrile and/or heterocyclic compounds. XPS spectra of insoluble carbon product exhibited little difference in the C1s binding energy between plasma-treated and -untreated samples. However, it is found that the amorphous-like carbon content, calculated from the C1 energy loss spectra, is dependent on the plasma power and attains a maximum at 120 W, in good accordance with a plasma dependence of the apparent saturation magnetization of the carbons.
N-Acyl-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine as a 2,2,2-Trifluoroethylamine-Building Block
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoshi , Ishiguro Yoshiharu , Mitsuhashi Keiryo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The reactions of N-benzoyl- and N-acetyl-1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamines with various carbon-nucleophiles gave the corresponding 1-substituted N-acyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethylamines in good yields and the efficient reactivity was applied on the synthesis of 2-acylamino-2-trifluoromethylethanol derivative.
Preparation of New Optically Active Germylmethylamine Derivatives
Authors: Terunuma Daiyo , Kizaki Hiroaki , Sato Takashi , Masuo Koujiro , Nohira Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
New optically active organogermanium compounds, such as [methylphenyl(o-tolyl)-, benzylmethylphenyl-, benzylmethyl(o-tolyl)-, and benzyl(o-methoxyphenyl)methylgermyl]methylamine, were prepared in high optical purity.
Second-Order Optical Nonlinearities of Substituted Stilbenes and the Related Compounds Containing a Trifluoromethyl as the Electron-Withdrawing Group
Authors: Sugiyama Yoshio , Suzuki Yasushi , Mitamura Shuichi , Nishiyama Tatsuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The second-order optical nonlinearities and transparencies of seventeen 4,4′-disubstituted stilbenes and ten related compounds containing a trifluoromethyl group at the para position, as the electron-withdrawing group, were examined. The introduction of a trifluoromethyl group produces a shorter-wavelength shift of the UV-vis absorption spectra without any decrease in the magnitude of the second-order molecular hyperpolarizability (β), as compared with the corresponding nitro-derivatives. The absorption cutoff (λcutoff) of 4-methoxy-4′-trifluoromethylstilbene (1) was observed at 375 nm, which is by ca. 90 nm shorter than that (463 nm) of p-nitroaniline (p-NA); the β value (12.2 × 10−30 esu) of 1, however, is almost equal to that (12.6 × 10−30 esu) of p-NA. The bromo- or methylthio-substituted stilbenes (12 and 16) with a cyano group on the central double bond show SHG activity. The relative intensities of SHG are 3.0 and 1.5, respectively.
Effect of Several Quarternary Ammoniums on the Solvent Extraction of Europium(III) 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetonate Anionic Complex into Chloroform
Authors: Noro Junji , Sekine Tatsuya 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The solvent extraction of europium(III) in aqueous 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium chloride or sodium nitrate solutions with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (Htta) into chloroform was measured in the absence and presence of tetraethylammonium, tetrapropylammonium, tetrapentylammonium, or tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium (base+). The addition of quarternary ammoniums enhanced the extraction, except for tetraethylammonium. This enhancement could be explained in terms of the extraction of the ternary complex, the Eu(tta)4−base+, in addition to the Eu(tta)3 complex. The difference in the enhancement of extraction with a different quarternary ammonium at a certain total concentration was much smaller than that expected from the difference in the size. This could be explained in terms that although the extraction of the anionic complex should be better when the size of the base+ is larger, its concentration in the aqueous phase at equilibrium is lower because it is extracted with the other anions in the aqueous phase better than a smaller base+. It was also found that the formation equilibrium of the ternary complex, the Eu(tta)4−base+, by association of the neutral complex, Eu(tta)3, with the ion-pair, tta−base+, in the organic phase is essentially not affected by the size of the base+.
Substituent Effect on the Enthalpies of Formation of CH/π Complexes of Aromatic π-Bases
Authors: Ehama Ritsuko , Tsushima Masaki , Yuzuri Tomoaki , Suezawa Hiroko , Sakakibara Kazuhisa , Hirota Minoru 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The formation constants and the enthalpies of formation of CH/π complexes were determined for a series of ternary chloroform/aromatic π-base/carbon tetrachloride (solvent) systems. The enthalpies showed that the interaction is favored by the electron-releasing substituent on the aromatic ring. Electronegative substituents on the CH donor also strengthen the interaction. The fact renders a support on the hydrogen-bond-like nature of the CH/π interaction.
Coordination Environment and Redox Property of Co(II) in the Framework of CoAPO-36 Molecular Sieve
Authors: Nakashiro Katsumi , Ono Yoshio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The interaction of water, ammonia, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran molecules with Co(II) ions in CoAPO-36 was examined by means of diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy. The Co(II) ions in CoAPO-36 are in a tetrahedral environment. Upon adsorption of water or ammonia molecules, the coordination environment of a part of the Co(II) ions changes into octahedral, indicating the direct coordination of water or ammonia molecules to the Co(II) ions. The remainder of the Co(II) ions are slightly modified in their electronic state by the adsorption of these molecules in a close proximity. Adsorption of methanol and tetrahydrofuran molecules also causes a modification of the coordination environment, though they do not directly coordinate to the Co(II) ions.
The redox properties of Co(II) ions in CoAPO-36 were also studied. Heating CoAPO-36 in oxygen at 673 K brings about oxidation of a part of the Co(II) ions into Co(III) ions, which are reduced to Co(II) by a hydrogen-treatment at 573 K. In addition, a reduction of the Co(III) ions occurs upon adsorption of water or ammonia on the oxidized CoAPO-36, even at room temperature. The Co(III) ions react with toluene at room temperature and with methane at 673 K. The oxidation-reduction cycle of the Co ions in CoAPO-36 is also brought about by the adsorption-desorption cycle of NO.
Optical Properties and Molecular Orientation of Aggregates in Langmuir–Blodgett Films of a Long-Chain Spiropyran
Authors: Miyata Akio , Unuma Yutaka , Higashigaki Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The aggregate formation was studied for Langmuir–Blodgett films of a spiropyran 5Me-SP1822 (1′-octadecyl-3′,3′-dimethyl-5′-methyl-6-nitro-8-(docosanoyloxymethyl)spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline]). Both a J-aggregate (λmax = 605 nm) and an H-aggregate (λmax = 493 nm) were formed, depending on the nature of the matrix molecule and the annealing temperature. The compound, having a substituent at the 5′-position, seems to prefer H-aggregation to J-aggregation by heat treatment at elevated temperatures. The molecular orientation in these aggregates was evaluated via analysis of the shifts in the first two absorption bands appearing after formation of the aggregates. Slip angles of 20—30° and 70—80° between the chromophore’s transition moment and the center-to-center line of the molecules, were found for the J- and H-aggregates, respectively, and a tilt angle of 20—30° between the chromophore’s plane and the film surface were obtained using the transition density model. These are in line with the results of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis.
Five Types of J-Aggregates in Single-Chain Merocyanine Langmuir Monolayers on an Aqueous Subphase
Authors: Miyata Akio , Heard David , Unuma Yutaka , Higashigaki Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The formation of J-aggregates in Langmuir monolayers of a neat merocyanine dye (3-carboxymethyl-5-[2-(3-octadecyl-2-benzothiazolinyldene)ethylidene]-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone) has been examined by measuring the normal incidence absorption spectra. Five types of J-aggregates were found to be formed, depending on the temperature and the concentration and type of cations present in the subphase. The shift in the absorption peak wavelength on the J-aggregates formation is accounted for in terms of the number and the geometrical arrangement of the chromophores in each J-aggregate. The spectral shifts were analyzed numerically using both a point dipole model and a transition density model. These calculations indicate that the five different J-aggregates are linear ones with aggregation numbers ranging from 2 to 6.
Development of New Fast Oxide Ion Conductor and Application for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) show great promise as new power generators with high efficiency. Decreasing the operating temperature is critically required for the further development of SOFC. This review introduces that oxide ion conductivity in the perovskite oxide of LaGaO3, which was found by our group. LaGaO3 doped with La and Mg exhibits the high oxide ion conductivity over a wide PO2 range; the value is higher than that of Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 by an order of magnitude. When LaGaO3-based oxide was used as the electrolyte of SOFC, the power density could be improved greatly, in particular over the low-temperature range. In this study, the power generating property of LSGM using a thin film of LaGaO3 is also introduced. The maximum power density of the cell using LaGaO3-based oxide is as high as 0.6 W cm−2 at 773 K. This suggests that SOFC could be operable at temperature lower than 773 K.
Oxovanadium(IV)–Porphyrin Complex as a Potent Insulin-Mimetic. Treatment of Experimental Type 1 Diabetic Mice by the Complex [meso-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadate(IV)(4−)
Authors: Saha Tapan Kumar , Yoshikawa Yutaka , Yasui Hiroyuki , Sakurai Hiromu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We prepared and characterized [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadate(IV)(4−), [VO(tpps)], and its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity, metallokinetic features in the blood of healthy rats, and in vivo hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice (STZ mice) were investigated. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic [meso-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV)(4+), [VO(tmpyp)], and vanadium(IV) oxide sulfate. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity, the retention time and bioavailability of [VO(tpps)] in blood were considerably better than those of [VO(tmpyp)] and vanadium(IV) oxide sulfate. [VO(tpps)] caused a significant hypoglycemic effect in STZ mice within 8 h following a single oral administration of the complex at 15 mg V/kg of body mass without ascorbate; this effect was sustained for at least 60 h. [VO(tpps)] normalized the hyperglycemia of STZ mice within 2 days when administered orally at 4–10 mg V/kg of body mass for 18 days. Vanadium, as determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, was distributed in the tissues examined in the following decreasing order: bones, kidneys, liver, lungs, spleen, heart, pancreas, muscles, fatty pads, and brain. The improvement in diabetes was supported by oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c level and blood pressure. Based on the above results, [VO(tpps)] is an orally active oxovanadium(IV)–porphyrin complex for treating type 1 diabetic animals.
Preparation of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes with (−)-Sparteine
Authors: Matsunaga Yuki , Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Amir Nagina , Miyashita Yoshitaro , Okamoto Ken-ichi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A systematic study on the effects of different metals and halogenide ions was carried out by using [MX2(sp)] (M = Zn and Cd; X = Cl, Br, and I; sp = (−)-sparteine). The complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, and far-IR and Raman spectroscopy.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Dialkyl Ethers by Alkylation of Alcohols Using Phosphinimidates in the Presence of a Catalytic Amount of Trimethylsilyl Triflate
Authors: Aoki Hidenori , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
An alkylation reaction of alcohols with alkyl N-(methylsulfonyl)diphenylphosphinimidates proceeded smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of trimethylsilyl triflate (Me3SiOTf) in DME at room temperature and the corresponding ethers were afforded in good to high yields. An alkyl N-(methylsulfonyl)diphenylphosphinimidate can be prepared easily from an alkyl diphenylphosphinite and methanesulfonyl azide, and is isolated without tedious operation. Moreover, it is easy to handle and can be stored for several months at room temperature because of its air- and moisture-resistant character. Also, one-pot tertiary alkylations of alcohols by using t-alkyl diphenylphosphinites and diphenoxyphosphoryl azide proceeded efficiently in the presence of a catalytic amount of Me3SiOTf in cyclohexane/CH2Cl2 at 0 °C or −10 °C, and gave the corresponding tertiary alkyl ethers in good yields. By following these methods, various ethers having alkali-sensitive functional groups can be prepared easily.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Allylzincations of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Yasui Hiroto , Nishikawa Toshihiro , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Cobalt salts such as cobalt(II) chloride catalyze allylzincation reactions of 1-aryl-1-alkynes. The allylzincations proceed in a syn fashion to form 2-allyl-1-aryl-1-alkenylzinc species. Other internal alkynes such as 6-dodecyne or 2-nonyn-1-ol are much less reactive than 1-aryl-1-alkynes.
The Preparation of Hollow Carbon Spheres by Thermal Decomposition of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)
Authors: Cai Peijun , Zhang Yuhua , Feng Li 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Hollow carbon spheres with in diameter ranging from 50 to 150 nm have been successfully synthesized by the decomposition of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) ([CF2CF2]n, PTFE) at 550 °C using NaN3 as a defluorination reagent. The formation mechanism of hollow carbon spheres is also proposed. The present study provides a promising route to decompose other plastics that are difficult to degrade in the environment.
Electrochemical Reduction of Ozone Dissolved in Perchloric Acid Solutions at Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Ochiai Tsuyoshi , Arihara Kazuki , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
With boron-doped diamond electrodes, an apparent cathodic peak was observed at 0 V in cyclic voltammograms obtained in 0.1 M HClO4 solution containing ozone. This peak was attributed to the reduction of dissolved ozone. A calibration curve obtained from the cathodic peak current, which has a slope of 6.7 μA cm−2 (mg L−1)−1, can be applied to determining the dissolved ozone concentration. This result will lead to the development of an electrochemical ozone sensor employing a diamond electrode.
Oxygen-permeable Membranes of Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ for Preparation of Synthesis Gas from Methane by Partial Oxidation
Authors: Harada Makoto , Domen Kazunari , Hara Michikazu , Tatsumi Takashi 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Oxygen-permeable membranes of Ba1.0Co0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3−δ (BCFN) coated with Ru2.0wt%Rh0.2wt%/Co0.3Mg0.7O catalyst have high oxygen permeability and can be used for the production of synthesis gas from methane by partial oxidation. Tests over 160 h show that the oxygen permeation flux is greater than 18 mL(STP)/(cm2 min), substantially exceeding the oxygen permeability of existing perovskite crystal systems.
A classification of 4-dimensional elation Laguerre planes of group dimension 10
Authors: Steinke Günter F 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
We investigate 4-dimensional (topological locally compact connected) elation Laguerre planes that admit solvable automorphism groups and show that there is, up to isomorphism, precisely one such plane of group dimension 10. This result completes the classification of all 4-dimensional elation Laguerre planes of group dimension 10.
Symmetry and the farthest point mapping on convex surfaces
Authors: Vîlcu Costin , Zamfirescu Tudor 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Consider the mapping F associating to each point x of a convex surface the set of all points at maximal intrinsic distance from x. We provide a large class of surfaces on which F is single-valued and involutive. Moreover, we show that there are point-symmetric surfaces of revolution with F single-valued but not involutive.
Similarity structures on the torus and the Klein bottle via triangulations
Authors: Francaviglia Stefano 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
In this paper we study the possibility of defining a similarity structure on the torus and the Klein bottle using the combinatorial data of a triangulation. Given a choice of moduli for the triangles of a triangulation of a surface, the problem is to decide whether such moduli are compatible with a global similarity structure on the surface.
We study this problem under two dierent viewpoints. From one side we look at the combinatorial data of triangulations, and we develop an algorithmic method, which allows us to reduce the general problem to a simpler one, which is easily solved. From the other side we study the problem more algebraically, looking at the properties of the holonomy, and we give a complete characterization of the choices of moduli defining global similarity structures on the torus (or on the Klein bottle).
Internettechnologien im Kontext moderner Wertschöpfungsnetze – Beispielanwendungen am Point of Sale (Internet Technologies for Modern Value Networks – Exemplary Applications at the Point of Sale)
Authors: Günther Oliver , Klafft Michael 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Internetrelevante Technologien wie XML, Webdienste, dienstbasierte Architekturen oder semantische Netze haben die für moderne Volkswirtschaften typischen Wertschöpfungsprozesse in den letzten Jahren grundlegend und nachhaltig verändert. Dies gilt für Anwendungen in der produzierenden Industrie ebenso wie für die Erstellung von Software bis hin zum Dienstleistungssektor. Zunehmend finden diese neuen Technologien Anwendung in kundennahen Bereichen, so zum Beispiel in Einzelhandelsunternehmen am Point of Sale. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt anhand aktueller Forschungsergebnisse aus dem BMBF-geförderten Berliner Forschungszentrum Internetökonomie auf, welche Chancen und Risiken sich für Unternehmen und Verbraucher durch die Bereitstellung netzbasierter Mehrwertdienste am Point of Sale ergeben.
Mediaconomy – Internetökonomie der Medienwirtschaft (Mediaconomy – Internet Economy of the Media Industry)
Authors: Hagenhoff Svenja , Schumann Matthias 
Published: August 2006

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel beschreibt die Forschungsziele sowie erste Ergebnisse des interdisziplinären Mediaconomy-Projektes der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen. Betrachtungsobjekt sind die Themenfelder Mobiles Internet sowie Wissenschaftskommunikation.
Genetic Divergence among Northern Pike from Spawning Locations in the Upper St. Lawrence River
Authors: Bosworth Aaron , Farrell John M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
To assess the ecological consequences associated with the degradation of riparian wetlands that historically provided spawning and rearing habitat for northern pike Esox lucius, annual spawning migrations and genetic structure were used to examine this species' dependence on four specific spawning areas in the Thousand Islands region of the Saint Lawrence River. Tagging and recapture over three consecutive spawning seasons resulted in low return rates (ranging from 1.2% in bays to 8.3% in tributaries), and some exchange was observed between locations. Angler recaptures indicated that northern pike did not disperse widely; 72% were recaptured less than 2.5 km from their tagging location, though the remainder moved distances ranging from 2.5 to 18 km. Six microsatellite loci showed significant allele frequency differences and small but significant genetic differentiation (FST) values among spawning sites in close proximity (&lt;5 km). However, two sites that were geographically distant (&gt;20 km) were not statistically different. A spawning site sampled in two consecutive years showed no discernable divergence, providing evidence for temporal stability in allelic frequencies. A plausible explanation for these mixed results is the existence of intraspecific contingents adapted to heterogeneous types of spawning and nursery conditions that promote multiple reproductive strategies.
Evidence of Reduced Reproductive Success of Nesting Largemouth Bass Sampled with Standard Electrofishing Procedures
Authors: Siepker Michael J. , Wahl David H. , Philipp David P. , Ostrand Kenneth G. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Fisheries biologists commonly use electrofishing as a fish collection technique. Because electrofishing is often conducted in the spring, it has the potential to negatively affect the reproductive activities of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, particularly the parental care activities of the nest-guarding males. To assess the effect of electrofishing on nest-guarding activities, we electrofished parental males from their nests in an Illinois lake, held them in a tank for 30 min, and released them 0.25 km from their nest sites—as would be done during routine surveys. We then assessed the presence or absence of broods and males on their nests 24 h later to determine rates of abandonment. Electrofished males had greater levels of nest abandonment (41%; N = 34) than did control males (9.5%; N = 42). The developmental stage of the offspring present in the nest during the electrofishing, however, did not influence abandonment rate. These results suggest that springtime electrofishing can negatively affect the reproductive success of individual largemouth bass and thus may have implications for recruitment.