bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties and water sorption behavior of phenol–formaldehyde hybrid composites reinforced with banana fiber and glass fiber
Authors: Joseph Seena , Sreekala M. S. , Koshy Peter , Thomas Sabu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBanana fiber, which is rich in cellulose, relatively inexpensive, and abundantly available, has potential for polymer reinforcement. This study explores the merits of combining high‐modulus glass fibers with banana fiber in phenolic resoles to develop high‐performance, cost‐effective, lightweight hybrid composites. Of particular interest is the effect of varying layering patterns of banana fiber and glass fiber on the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of hybrid composites. The highest tensile strength value has been obtained for an intimate mixture of both fibers, and the maximum flexural and impact strength has been obtained for composite samples prepared from interleaving layers of banana fiber and glass fiber. Tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites increase with an increasing volume fraction of glass fiber. The water uptake of these composites decreases with the incorporation of glass fiber into banana fiber, and the composites with glass fiber at the periphery and banana fiber at the core have the maximum resistance to water absorption. Scanning electron micrographs show the fracture mechanism and fiber/matrix adhesion in these composites © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
An improvement on water absorbing and permeating properties: Heparin immobilizing on acrylic acid‐grafted and collagen/chitosan‐immobilized wound dressing
Authors: Wang Chyung‐Chyung , Chen Cheng‐Chi , Chen Frank‐Len , Lin Nien‐Shih 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVarious concentrations of heparin were employed in this study to immobilize on the acrylic acid‐grafted and collagen/chitosan‐immobilized polypropylene (PP‐AAg‐CCi) nonwoven fabric to improve the water absorbing and permeating properties. The immobilized heparin was verified by analyzing of the spectra of surface reflection infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the values of water absorbing and water diffusion coefficient for the PP‐AAg‐CCi sample immobilized with heparin (PP‐AAg‐CCHi) were significantly higher than those for the PP‐AAg‐CCi. The bacteria inhibition percentage and bacteria inhibition zone for the PP‐AAg‐CCHi were excellently. The pore and agent distribution for PP‐AAg‐CCi were examined with scanning electron microscope photographs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of solvent composition on transparency and surface hardness of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐silica nanocomposites provided on polycarbonate
Authors: Saito Reiko , Kobayashi Shin‐Ichiro , Hayashi Hidetaka , Shimo Toshihisa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate)‐silica nanocomposites with 49 vol % of silica were prepared by blending poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [content of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate: 15.1 mol %] with perhydropolysilazane in a ethylacetate/cyclohexane/xylene mixture, casting on polycarbonate (PC) substrates and drying for 24 h at room temperature. When the cyclohexane content in the solution was in a range from 21.7 to 32.3 vol %, composites were transparent in a wide range from 400 to 1000 nm of wavelength, the maximum surface hardness of composites on the substrate measured by nanoindentation was 1.07 GPa. Dynamic light scattering and viscometric analysis indicated that aggregates of poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was formed in the mixture when the transparent composites were obtained on the PC substrates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Melting behavior, isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PP/mLLDPE blends
Authors: Qin Jianglei , Guo Shaoqiang , Li Zhiting 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMelting behavior, nonisothermal crystallization and isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP) with metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that PP and mLLDPE were partially miscible. The Avrami analysis was applied to analyze the nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics of the blends, the Mo Z.S. method was used to take a comparison in nonisothermal kinetics. Values of Avrami exponent indicate the crystallization nucleations of both pure PP and PP in the blends were heterogeneous, the growth of spherulites is tridimensional and the spherulites in the blends were more perfect than that in pure PP. The crystallization activation energy was estimated by Kissinger method and Arrhenius equation and the two methods draw similar results. The mLLDPE increased the crystallization rate of PP in nonisothermal crystallization process and decreased it in isothermal process. The results from nonisothermal crystallization and isothermal crystallization kinetics were not consistent because the two processes were completely different. Addition of minor mLLDPE phase favors to increase the overall crystallinity of PP, showing the mLLDPE entered the PP crystals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate, part 1: Influence of free quenching
Authors: Rouabah F. , Fois M. , Ibos L. , Boudenne A. , Picard C. , Dadache D. , Haddaoui N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of different thermal treatments on the mechanical and thermal properties of polycarbonate was investigated. The first quenching procedure which involves the quench of the samples from the melt state to different temperatures allowed improving impact strength and elongation at break for a quenching temperature of 0°C. A second quenching procedure, corresponding to specimens heated again at 160°C (Tg + 15°C) and quenched a second time, showed a better enhancement of the impact strength and elongation at break to the detriment of other properties such as elastic modulus, density, yield stress, and heat distortion temperature, for a quenching temperature of 40°C. This effect was associated to the existence of a relaxation mode around 35°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with Nonconjugated Cyclometalated Ligands
Authors: Song Yi‐Hwa , Chiu Yuan‐Chieh , Chi Yun , Cheng Yi‐Ming , Lai Cheng‐Hsuan , Chou Pi‐Tai , Wong Ken‐Tsung , Tsai Ming‐Han , Wu Chung‐Chih 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of blue phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes 1–4 with nonconjugated N‐benzylpyrazole ligands were synthesized and their structural, electrochemical, and photophysical properties were investigated. Complexes 1–4 exhibit phosphorescence with yields of 5–45 % in degassed CH2Cl2. Of the compounds, 1 showed emission that was nearly true blue at 460 nm with a lack of vibronic progression. These photophysical data clearly demonstrate that the methylene spacer of the cyclometalated N‐benzylpyrazole chelate effectively interrupts the π conjugation upon reacting with a third L^X chelating chromophore. This gives a feasible synthesis for the blue phosphorescent complexes with a sufficiently large energy gap. In another approach, these complexes were investigated for their suitability for the host material in phosphorescent OLEDs. The device was synthesized by using 1 as the host for the green‐emitting [Ir(ppy)3] dopant, which exhibits an external quantum conversion efficiency (EQE) of up to 11.4 % photons per electron (and 36.6 cdA−1), with 1931 Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.30, 0.59), a peak power efficiency of 21.7 lmW−1, and a maximum brightness of 32000 cdm−2 at 14.5 V. At the practical brightness of 100 cdm−2, the efficiency remains above 11 % and 18 lmW−1, demonstrating its great potential as the host material for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes.
The effect of material, thermal and laser conditioning on the damage threshold of type II tripler‐cut DKDP crystals
Authors: Sun Shao‐Tao , Ji Lai‐Lin , Wang Zheng‐Ping , Xu Ming‐Xia , Liang Xiao‐Liang , Liu Bing , Mu Xiao‐Ming , Sun Xun , Xu Xin‐Guang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBy using the traditional temperature‐reduction method, KD2PO4 (DKDP) crystals were grown from 85%‐deuterated aqueous solution synthesized by different kind of KH2PO4 (KDP) raw materials. An experimental technique was employed to measure the variation of bulk damage threshold in plates of DKDP crystals. Bulk laser damage in unconditioned, thermal‐conditioned and laser‐conditioned type II tripler‐cut DKDP crystals has been studied using 1064 nm (ω) and 355 nm (3ω) laser at pulse lengths of 5ns, 5ns respectively. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrochemical Processing of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Oloman Colin , Li Hui 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWith respect to the negative role of carbon dioxide on our climate, it is clear that the time is ripe for the development of processes that convert CO2 into useful products. The electroreduction of CO2 is a prime candidate here, as the reaction at near‐ambient conditions can yield organics such as formic acid, methanol, and methane. Recent laboratory work on the 100 A scale has shown that reduction of CO2 to formate (HCO2−) may be carried out in a trickle‐bed continuous electrochemical reactor under industrially viable conditions. Presuming the problems of cathode stability and formate crossover can be overcome, this type of reactor is proposed as the basis for a commercial operation. The viability of corresponding processes for electrosynthesis of formate salts and/or formic acid from CO2 is examined here through conceptual flowsheets for two process options, each converting CO2 at the rate of 100 tonnes per day.
Einschalige Kalksandstein‐Außenwände mit Wärmedämm‐Verbundsystem (WDVS)
Authors: Prepens Manfred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEinschalige Außenwände mit Wärmedämm‐Verbundsystem (WDVS) – auch Thermohaut genannt – haben sich seit über 40 Jahren in der Praxis sowohl bei Neubauten als auch bei der Sanierung älterer Gebäude sehr gut bewährt. Zuerst kamen Systeme mit expandierten Polystyrol‐Hartschaumplatten EPS und seit etwa Mitte der 70er Jahre auch Systeme mit Mineralfaserdämmplatten zu Anwendung.
Neubau einer Seniorenwohnanlage in Göttingen – Verbesserter Schallschutz mit Ziegel‐Innenwand‐System
Authors: Bischof Ramona 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDer Wunsch nach Ruhe in den eigenen vier Wänden hat einen hohen Stellenwert. Durch die neuen europäischen Normen des baulichen Schallschutzes wird diesem Bedürfnis stärker als bisher Rechnung getragen. hnlich wie bei der EnEV steht auch bei der neuen DIN EN 12354 nicht mehr das einzelne Bauteil im Vordergrund, sondern eine ganzheitliche akustische Betrachtung aller Übertragungswege. Insbesondere die flankierende Schallübertragung erhält deutlich mehr Beachtung. Das heißt, künftig müssen – schon bei der Planung – nicht nur die Eigenschaften des einzelnen Bauteils, sondern auch die akustischen Eigenschaften von Bauteilverbindungen (Stoßstellen, Knotenpunkte) einbezogen werden.
Infrared Spectra of Insertion, Methylidene, and Methylidyne Complexes in Reactions of Laser‐Ablated Ruthenium Atoms with Halomethanes and Methane
Authors: Cho Han‐Gook , Andrews Lester 
Published: April 2008

AbstractReactions of laser‐ablated Ru atoms with halomethanes and methane have been investigated. Small carbyne and carbene complexes or insertion products are produced in the reactions of halomethanes via C–X insertion and halogen migration, whereas only the insertion complex is formed in the reactions of methane. The results are consistent with computed product stabilities. The diagnostic C–H and C–X stretching absorptions of the carbyne complexes are observed on the blue side of the corresponding precursor bands. The high C–H and C–X stretching frequencies are explained with the higher s character in hybridization and combination with the C≡Ru stretching motion, respectively. The structures of the carbyne complexes are highly distorted and show a large variation with the ligands, and the extra electron pair on the Ru atom evidently plays an important role in the carbyne. In contrast to early transition‐metal analogs, the Ru carbene complexes show no agostic distortion.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Packed‐column capillary electrochromatography and capillary electrochromatography‐mass spectrometry using a lithocholic acid stationary phase
Authors: Norton Dean , Shamsi Shahab A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of a novel lithocholic acid (LCA)‐based liquid crystalline (LC) stationary phase (SP) suitable for application in packed‐column CEC and CEC coupled to MS is described. The extent of bonding reactions of LCA‐SP was assessed using 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR and elemental analysis. This characterization is followed by application of the LCA‐SP for separation of β‐blockers, phenylethylamines (PEAs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Using the optimum mobile phase operating conditions (pH 3.0–4.5, 10 mM ammonium acetate, 85% v/v ACN), a comparison of the chromatographic ability of the aminopropyl silica phase vs. the LCA‐bonded phase was conducted. The results showed improved selectivity for all test analytes using the latter phase. For example, the CEC‐MS of β‐blockers demonstrated that the LCA‐bonded phase provides separation of six out of seven β‐blockers, whereas the amino silica phase provides four peaks of several co‐eluting β‐blockers. For the CEC‐MS analysis of PEAs, the LCA‐bonded phase showed improved resolution and different selectivity as compared to the aminopropyl phase. An evaluation of the retention trends for PEAs on both phases suggested that the PEAs were retained based on varying degree of hydroxyl substitution on the aromatic ring. In addition, the MS characterization shows several PEAs fragment in the electrospray either by loss of an alkyl group and/or by loss of H2O. Finally, the LCA‐bonded phase displayed significantly higher separation selectivity for PAHs and PCBs as compared to the amino silica phase.
Measurement of evaporation from the forest floor in a deciduous forest throughout the year using microlysimeter and closed‐chamber systems
Authors: Deguchi Aiko , Hattori Shigeaki , Daikoku Kenichi , Park Ho‐Teak 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEvaporation from the forest floor (EFF) in a deciduous broadleaf forest was measured using microlysimeter and closed‐chamber systems. The microlysimeter was used at six points in the experimental basin, and measurements gave different EFF values at different points. This could be attributed to the local photoenvironment of each sampling point, rather than to litter conditions, if the spatial variation in air temperature (Ta) or vapour pressure deficit (VPD) at the forest floor was small within this basin. A detachable microlysimeter measured condensation in the litter layer during the night, indicating that the litter layer, as well as the mulch layer, played a role in preventing evaporation from the soil layer. The closed‐chamber system made it possible to continuously measure long‐term EFF. EFF was closely related to VPD; even during the night, when solar radiation was zero, EFF amounted to 14·0% of the daily EFF. The daily EFF was 0·20 ± 0·13 mm day−1 during the study period, with two seasonal peaks: in late spring (0·31 mm day−1 in April) and early fall (0·22 mm day−1 in September). The former peak has been reported from two deciduous forests in Japan and is strongly related to the solar radiation reaching the forest floor when the trees are dormant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diffusion of treatment research: does open access matter?
Authors: Hardisty David J. , Haaga David A. F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAdvocates of the Open Access movement claim that removing access barriers will substantially increase the diffusion of academic research. If successful, this movement could play a role in efforts to increase utilization of psychotherapy research by mental health practitioners. In a pair of studies, mental health professionals were given either no citation, a normal citation, a linked citation, or a free access citation and were asked to find and read the cited article. After 1 week, participants read a vignette on the same topic as the article and gave recommendations for an intervention. In both studies, those given the free access citation were more likely to read the article, yet only in one study did free access increase the likelihood of making intervention recommendations consistent with the article. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 64: 1–19, 2008.
Cr:Forsterite‐laser‐based fiber‐optic nonlinear endoscope with higher efficiencies
Authors: Chan Ming‐Che , Chu Shi‐Wei , Tseng Chien‐Hung , Wen Yu‐Chieh , Chen Yi‐Hsien , Su Guo‐Dung John , Sun Chi‐Kuang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate a beam‐scanning nonlinear light endoscope based on a flexible fiber bundle. Excited with a femtosecond Cr:Forsterite laser, the degradation in multiphoton multiharmonic excitation efficiency due to the pulse‐broadening effect is significantly reduced without utilizing any external devices. The system resolution has been characterized to be 5.4 μm in the two‐photon fluorescence endoscope, limited by the sampling theory. Finally, several image examples have been given. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR‐guided core biopsy with MR fluoroscopy using a short, wide‐bore 1.5‐Tesla scanner: Feasibility and initial results
Authors: Stattaus Joerg , Maderwald Stefan , Forsting Michael , Barkhausen Joerg , Ladd Mark E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate MR fluoroscopy in a short, wide‐bore 1.5T MRI suitable for near real‐time biopsy guidance.Materials and MethodsA total of eight consecutive patients underwent MR‐guided core biopsy in a 1.5T system with a 70 cm bore diameter. A total of five biopsies were performed in focal liver lesions, three biopsies in soft‐tissue tumors. Before biopsy, three different fast MR sequences were compared for image quality (anatomical visibility, lesion visibility, and artifacts), and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. In all cases, an MR‐compatible guidance needle was positioned under MR fluoroscopy using the most suitable sequence.ResultsIn each patient the guidance needle could be placed accurately under MR fluoroscopy without having to remove the patient from the isocenter of the magnet during needle movement. All biopsies were technically successful and appropriate specimens could be obtained. In prebiopsy imaging, a T2‐weighted single shot turbo spinecho sequence (half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin‐echo [HASTE]) achieved the best rating for lesion visibility and superior SNR and CNR values.ConclusionFindings of this study demonstrate that MR fluoroscopy for biopsy guidance in a short, wide‐bore 1.5T scanner is feasible. This scanner combines the patient access advantages of an open‐bore system with the superior image quality and speed of a high‐field scanner. In our series, the HASTE sequence was best suited for MR‐guidance of biopsies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:1181–1187. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI abnormalities in normal‐appearing brain tissue of treated adult PKU patients
Authors: Ding Xiao‐Qi , Fiehler Jens , Kohlschütter Brigitte , Wittkugel Oliver , Grzyska Ulrich , Zeumer Hermann , Ullrich Kurt 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurposeTo detect possible subclinical pathological brain changes a study on adult phenylketonuria (PKU) patients by using quantitative MRI methods was performed, since neuropsychological and cognitive deficits in treated patients with PKU have not yet been shown to correlate clearly with the brain lesions identified by conventional MRI.Materials and MethodsEight subjects, four PKU patients with well‐documented dietary treatment and four age‐ and sex‐matched adult controls, underwent MRI, including a triple echo sequence and a diffusion tensor imaging sequence. Brain maps of T2 relaxation time (T2), relative proton density (PD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were derived for each subject. T2, PD, FA, and ADC were measured in 22 predefined regions of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) on the corresponding maps, and compared with those of four age‐matched healthy adult controls.ResultsIn addition to a prolonged T2 value measured in affected WM, as expected, we observed a significant shortening of the T2 relaxation time and reduction of ADC in normal‐appearing brain tissue and an increased proton density in both GM and WM of the patients. No differences were observed in FA values between controls and patients.ConclusionRepeatedly reduced T2 relaxation time, ADC, and increased proton density without changes in FA indicate a higher cell‐packing density in normal‐appearing brain without changes in the directedness of fibers. These structural changes may be related to neuropsychological and cognitive deficits in treated PKU patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:998–1004. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of cardiac‐induced brain pulsation to the noise of the diffusion tensor in Turboprop diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Authors: Gui Minzhi , Tamhane Ashish A. , Arfanakis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effects of cardiac‐induced brain pulsation on the noise of the diffusion tensor in Turboprop (a form of periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction [PROPELLER] imaging) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Materials and MethodsA total of six healthy human subjects were imaged with cardiac‐gated as well as nongated Turboprop DTI. Gated and nongated Turboprop DTI datasets were also simulated using actual data acquired exclusively during the diastolic or systolic period of the cardiac cycle. The total variance of the diffusion tensor (TVDT) was measured and compared between acquisitions.ResultsThe TVDT near the ventricles was significantly reduced in cardiac‐gated compared to nongated Turboprop DTI acquisitions. Furthermore, the effects of brain pulsation were reduced, but not eliminated, when increasing the amount of data collected. Finally, data corrupted by cardiac‐induced pulsation were not consistently detected by the step of the conventional Turboprop reconstruction algorithm that evaluates the quality of data in different blades. Thus, the inherent quality weighting of the conventional Turboprop reconstruction algorithm was unable to compensate for the increased noise in the diffusion tensor due to brain pulsation.ConclusionCardiac‐induced brain pulsation increases the TVDT in Turboprop DTI. Use of cardiac gating to limit data acquisition to the diastolic period of the cardiac cycle reduces the TVDT at the expense of imaging time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:1164–1168. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.