bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–antioxidant relationship of flavonoids from fermented rooibos
Authors: Krafczyk Nicole , Woyand Franziska , Glomb Marcus A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRooibos tea (Aspalathus linearis) contains different bioactive phenolic compounds such as dihydrochalcones, flavonols, flavanones, flavones, and flavanols. Flavonoids isolated from rooibos were subjected to different in vitro assays: Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity, LDL oxidation and Fremy's salt assays to determine the total antioxidant activity (TAA). Assay results were compared, and the structure–antioxidant relationship was investigated. A decoupled LDL oxidation test was established with the objective of having an assay adapted more to an in vivo situation. The different in vitro methods were coupled offline to HPLC‐DAD. Results from these coupled offline methods were compared to the TAA to assess the usefulness of the coupling setup.
Alcohol use and prostate cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Middleton Fillmore Kaye , Chikritzhs Tanya , Stockwell Tim , Bostrom Alan , Pascal Richard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPast reviews have concluded that there is no association between alcohol use and prostate cancer incidence. We performed a meta‐analysis of existing epidemiological studies finding, in contrast, evidence to suggest that prostate incidence is positively linearly associated with heavier alcohol use. This finding was largely due to the contribution of population case‐control studies and those measuring men recruited before age 60. No relationship between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer was found for cohort and hospital case‐control studies. Analyses of design effects modestly suggests that population case‐control studies were probably better suited to identify potential alcohol‐prostate cancer relationships due to the close temporal proximity of the measurement of level of alcohol consumption to diagnosis. Future efforts should be made to exclude all ill subjects from control groups/baseline samples in addition to accounting for changes in consumption with advancing age and the onset of illness. The alcohol‐prostate cancer association remained significant despite controlling for the degree to which studies endeavored to eliminate false negatives from their control groups.
Human fetal colon cells and colon cancer cells respond differently to butyrate and PUFAs
Authors: Hofmanová Jiřina , Vaculová Alena , Koubková Zuzana , Hýžd'alová Martina , Kozubík Alois 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe verified the hypothesis suggesting modulation of the effects of sodium butyrate (NaBt) by ω–3 or ω–6 PUFAs. Comparing the response of human colon epithelial cell lines of fetal (FHC) and adenocarcinoma (HT‐29, HCT‐116) origin, we detected significant differences in proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic response to the treatment of NaBt, arachidonic or docosahexaenoic acids and their combination. While in FHC and HT‐29 cells NaBt induced G0/G1 arrest, differentiation and low level of apoptosis, in HCT‐116 cells G2/M arrest, no differentiation and high degree of apoptosis were detected. Moreover, in FHC cells significant potentiation of apoptosis accompanied by increased arrest in the cell cycle, cell detachment and decrease in differentiation were detected after combined treatment with NaBt and both PUFAs. Changes in cytokinetics induced by fatty acids were accompanied by membrane lipid unpacking, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Detection of caspase‐3 activation and dynamic modulation of Mcl‐1 protein expression imply their possible role in both cell differentiation and apoptotic response. Our results support the concept of modulation of NaBt effects by PUFAs, especially of ω–3 type, in colonic cells in vitro with diverse impact in cell lines derived from normal or neoplastic epithelium.
Elimination and metabolism of sesamol, a bioactive compound in sesame oil, in rats
Authors: Jan Kuo‐Ching , Ho Chi‐Tang , Hwang Lucy Sun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSesamol, generally regarded as a main antioxidative component in sesame oil, is generated from sesamolin upon roasting of sesame seed or during bleaching process of sesame oil. This investigation studied the bioavailability and excretion of sesamol in Sprague‐Dawley rats. After oral administration of sesamol (p.o. 100 mg/kg) to SD rats, the changes in concentration of sesamol were determined in various excreta within 24 h period. Our results showed that sesamol conjugated metabolites were rapidly eliminated from urine and feces in 0–4 h. The majority of intact sesamol glucuronide was excreted in the urine. It is suggested that sesamol conjugated metabolites are primarily eliminated from the plasma via the kidney by active tubular secretion. LC‐MS/MS analyses of rat excreta showed that sesamol can be converted to 2‐methoxybenzene‐1,4‐diol and benzene‐1,2,4‐triol in vivo by rat.
Analytical solutions for dynamic pressures of coupling fluid–porous medium–solid due to SV wave incidence
Authors: Wang Jin‐Ting , Zhang Chu‐Han , Jin Feng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper presents the results of theoretical investigation on the dynamic coupling of an ideal fluid‐porous medium‐elastic half‐space system subjected to SV waves to study the effect of sediment on the seismic response of dams for reservoirs that are deposited with a significant amount of sediment after a long period of operation. The effects of the porous medium and the incident wave angle on dynamic pressures in the overlying ideal fluid are analyzed, and the reflection and transmission coefficients of the wave at the material interfaces are derived using an analytical solution in terms of displacement potentials. The numerical test of modeling shows that the dynamic pressures significantly depend on the properties of porous medium. The fully saturated porous medium reduces the response peaks slightly, while the partially saturated porous medium causes a considerable increase in the resonance peaks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inventory policies for a make‐to‐order system with a perishable component and fixed ordering cost
Authors: Frank Katia C. , Ahn Hyun‐Soo , Zhang Rachel Q. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe consider a make‐to‐order production system where two major components, one nonperishable (referred to as part 1) and one perishable (part 2), are needed to fulfill a customer order. In each period, replenishment decisions for both parts need to be made jointly before demand is realized and a fixed ordering cost is incurred for the nonperishable part. We show that a simple (sn,S,S) policy is optimal. Under this policy, S along with the number of backorders at the beginning of a period if any and the availability of the nonperishable part (part 1) determines the optimal order quantity of the perishable part (part 2), while (sn,S) guide when and how much of part 1 to order at each state. Numerical study demonstrates that the benefits of using the joint replenishment policy can be substantial, especially when the unit costs are high and/or the profit margin is low. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Capacity expansion under a service‐level constraint for uncertain demand with lead times
Authors: Marathe Rahul R. , Ryan Sarah M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFor a service provider facing stochastic demand growth, expansion lead times and economies of scale complicate the expansion timing and sizing decisions. We formulate a model to minimize the infinite horizon expected discounted expansion cost under a service‐level constraint. The service level is defined as the proportion of demand over an expansion cycle that is satisfied by available capacity. For demand that follows a geometric Brownian motion process, we impose a stationary policy under which expansions are triggered by a fixed ratio of demand to the capacity position, i.e., the capacity that will be available when any current expansion project is completed, and each expansion increases capacity by the same proportion. The risk of capacity shortage during a cycle is estimated analytically using the value of an up‐and‐out partial barrier call option. A cutting plane procedure identifies the optimal values of the two expansion policy parameters simultaneously. Numerical instances illustrate that if demand grows slowly with low volatility and the expansion lead times are short, then it is optimal to delay the start of expansion beyond when demand exceeds the capacity position. Delays in initiating expansions are coupled with larger expansion sizes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Coordination of pricing and inventory control across products
Authors: Zhu Kaijie , Thonemann Ulrich W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe consider the joint pricing and inventory‐control problem for a retailer who orders, stocks, and sells two products. Cross‐price effects exist between the two products, which means that the demand of each product depends on the prices of both products. We derive the optimal pricing and inventory‐control policy and show that this policy differs from the base‐stock list‐price policy, which is optimal for the one‐product problem. We find that the retailer can significantly improve profits by managing the two products jointly as opposed to independently, especially when the cross‐price demand elasticity is high. We also find that the retailer can considerably improve profits by using dynamic pricing as opposed to static pricing, especially when the demand is nonstationary. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Scheduling policies for an antiterrorist surveillance system
Authors: Lin Kyle Y. , Kress Moshe , Szechtman Roberto 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article concerns scheduling policies in a surveillance system aimed at detecting a terrorist attack in time. Terrorist suspects arriving at a public area are subject to continuous monitoring, while a surveillance team takes their biometric signatures and compares them with records stored in a terrorist database. Because the surveillance team can screen only one terrorist suspect at a time, the team faces a dynamic scheduling problem among the suspects. We build a model consisting of an M/G/1 queue with two types of customers—red and white—to study this problem. Both types of customers are impatient but the reneging time distributions are different. The server only receives a reward by serving a red customer and can use the time a customer has spent in the queue to deduce its likely type. In a few special cases, a simple service rule—such as first‐come‐first‐serve—is optimal. We explain why the problem is in general difficult and we develop a heuristic policy motivated by the fact that terrorist attacks tend to be rare events. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
MRSI and DTI: a multimodal approach for improved detection of white matter abnormalities in alcohol and nicotine dependence
Authors: Wang Jean J. , Durazzo Timothy C. , Gazdzinski Stefan , Yeh Ping‐Hong , Mon Anderson , Meyerhoff Dieter J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOur previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H MRSI) studies showed that the frontal lobe white matter (WM) in smoking recovering alcoholics (sRA) had lower concentrations of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker for neuron viability, compared to both nonsmoking recovering alcoholics (nsRA) and a control group of nonsmoking light drinkers (nsLD). Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in a similar population, we found lower fractional anistropy (FA), a microstructural measure of WM fiber integrity, in regions of specific fiber bundles within frontal WM of recovering alcoholics compared to light drinkers. In this study, we hypothesized that in these regions of lower FA, NAA concentrations in the alcoholic groups are lower than in non‐alcoholic controls. We hypothesized further that sRA have lower regional NAA concentrations than nsRA. We retrospectively analyzed existing 1H MRSI data by quantitating metabolite concentrations from voxels that corresponded to previously identified WM regions of lower FA, and from a control region of normal FA in alcoholics. We found significant NAA concentration differences between groups in regions of abnormal FA. In particular, sRA had significantly lower NAA concentration than nsLD, but in no region was NAA significantly lower in nsRA than nsLD. Furthermore, no NAA group differences were detected in a frontal WM region of normal FA. These results indicate regionally localized NAA loss within the frontal WM, and specifically NAA loss in regions of low FA. Compared to our previous lobar analyses, DTI‐guided MRSI analysis allows the selective evaluation of small WM regions with microstructural injury, thereby increasing statistical power to detect relevant pathology and group differences. DTI‐guided MRSI analyses promise to contribute to a better understanding of brain injury in alcohol and nicotine dependence and, by extension, perhaps in other neurodegenerative diseases as well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gated dynamic 31P MRS shows reduced contractile phosphocreatine breakdown in mice deficient in cytosolic creatine kinase and adenylate kinase
Authors: Kan Hermien E. , Veltien Andor , Arnts Henk , Nabuurs Christine I. H. C. , Luijten Bart , de Haan Arnold , Wieringa Bé , Heerschap Arend 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe developed a new dedicated measurement protocol for dynamic 31P MRS analysis in contracting calf muscles of the mouse, using minimally invasive assessment of the contractile force combined with the acquisition of spectroscopic data gated to muscle contraction and determination of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery rate and ATP contractile cost. This protocol was applied in a comparative study of six wild type (WT) mice and six mice deficient in cytosolic creatine kinase and adenylate kinase isoform 1 (MAK−/− mice) using 70 repeated tetanic contractions at two contractions per minute. Force levels during single contractions, and metabolite levels and tissue pH during resting conditions were similar in muscles of MAK−/− and WT mice. Strikingly, muscle relaxation after contraction was significantly delayed in MAK−/− mice, but during repeated contractions, the decrease in the force was similar in both mouse types. Gated data acquisition showed a negligible PCr breakdown in MAK−/− immediately after contraction, without a concomitant decrease in ATP or tissue pH. This protocol enabled the determination of rapid PCr changes that would otherwise go unnoticed due to intrinsic low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in mouse skeletal muscles combined with an assessment of the PCr recovery rate. Our results suggest that MAK−/− mice use alternative energy sources to maintain force during repeated contractions when PCr breakdown is reduced. Furthermore, the absence of large increases in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or differences in force compared to WT mice in our low‐intensity protocol indicate that creatine kinase (CK) and adenylate kinase (AK) are especially important in facilitating energy metabolism during very high energy demands. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on spectrum distribution of constraint preconditioned generalized saddle point matrices
Authors: Cao Zhi‐Hao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this note, results concerning the eigenvalue distribution and form of the eigenvectors of the constraint preconditioned generalized saddle point matrix and its minimal polynomial are given. These results extend previous ones that appeared in the literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced‐order modeling of parameterized PDEs using time–space‐parameter principal component analysis
Authors: Audouze C. , De Vuyst F. , Nair P. B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for constructing low‐order surrogate models of finite element/finite volume discrete solutions of parameterized steady‐state partial differential equations. The construction of proper orthogonal decomposition modes in both physical space and parameter space allows us to represent high‐dimensional discrete solutions using only a few coefficients. An incremental greedy approach is developed for efficiently tackling problems with high‐dimensional parameter spaces. For numerical experiments and validation, several non‐linear steady‐state convection–diffusion–reaction problems are considered: first in one spatial dimension with two parameters, and then in two spatial dimensions with two and five parameters. In the two‐dimensional spatial case with two parameters, it is shown that a 7 × 7 coefficient matrix is sufficient to accurately reproduce the expected solution, while in the five parameters problem, a 13 × 6 coefficient matrix is shown to reproduce the solution with sufficient accuracy. The proposed methodology is expected to find applications to parameter variation studies, uncertainty analysis, inverse problems and optimal design. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An error estimate of the proper orthogonal decomposition in model reduction and data compression
Authors: Wang A‐xia , Ma Yi‐Chen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA kind of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used for data compression of rugged surface and reduction of the Navier–Stokes equations. An error estimate of the POD in model reduction and data compression is discussed. The numerical examples show that the error between the POD approximate solution and reference solution is consistent with theoretical results, and also show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and efficient. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
A numerical approximation to the solution of an inverse heat conduction problem
Authors: Azari Hossein , Zhang Shuhua 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study the parabolic inverse problem of determination of the leading coefficient in the heat equation with an extra condition at the terminal. After introducing a new variable, we reformulate the problem as a nonclassical parabolic equation along with the initial and boundary conditions. The uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution upon the data are demonstrated, and then finite difference methods, backward Euler and Crank–Nicolson schemes are studied. The results of some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and the rapid convergence of the methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Land conflicts, rural finance and capacity of the Chinese state
Authors: Yep Ray , Fong Carolin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article evaluates the capacity of the Chinese state in maintaining stability by examining the merits and limitations of its responses to the dominant form of rural unrest in recent years: conflicts over land. The current response of the Chinese state that focusses on upward accountability of state agents is misguided. We argue that the ultimate solution hinges upon the success of the Chinese state in strengthening its capacity in engaging society and capability to reformulate a new fiscal order that provides adequate resources for effective governance at rural grass roots. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘If You Can't Budget, How Can You Govern?’—A study of China's state capacity
Authors: Ma Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractState capacity matters. Using China as a case study, this essay contends that the capacity to budget is a general underpinning of state capacity regardless of how it is defined. For a state like China to enhance its capacity to budget, it must first concentrate on the issue of institutionalizing the basic controlling systems. Until this has been achieved, a move towards a more advanced budgetary system is unlikely to be successful. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a novel protein extraction methodology for quantitation of protein expression in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues using western blotting
Authors: Nirmalan Niroshini J , Harnden Patricia , Selby Peter J , Banks Rosamonde E 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe development of efficient formaldehyde cross‐link reversal strategies will make the vast diagnostic tissue archives of pathology departments amenable to prospective and retrospective translational research, particularly in biomarker‐driven proteomic investigations. Heat‐induced antigen retrieval strategies (HIARs) have achieved varying degrees of cross‐link reversal, potentially enabling archival tissue usage for proteomic applications outside its current remit of immunohistochemistry (IHC). While most successes achieved so far have been based on retrieving tryptic peptide fragments using shot‐gun proteomic approaches, attempts at extracting full‐length, non‐degraded, immunoreactive proteins from archival tissue have proved challenging. We have developed a novel heat‐induced antigen retrieval strategy using SDS‐containing Laemmli buffer for efficient intact protein recovery from formalin‐fixed tissues for subsequent analysis by western blotting. Protocol optimization and comparison of extraction efficacies with frozen tissues and current leader methodology is presented. Quantitative validation of methodology was carried out in a cohort of matched tumour/normal, frozen/FFPE renal tissue samples from 10 patients, probed by western blotting for a selected panel of seven proteins known to be differentially expressed in renal cancer. Our data show that the protocol enables efficient extraction of non‐degraded, full‐length, immunoreactive protein, with tumour versus normal differential expression profiles for a majority of the panel of proteins tested being comparable to matched frozen tissue controls (rank correlation, r = 0.7292, p < 1.825e‐09). However, the variability observed in extraction efficacies for some membrane proteins emphasizes the need for cautious interpretation of quantitative data from this subset of proteins. The method provides a viable, cost‐effective quantitative option for the validation of potential biomarker panels through a range of clinical samples from existing diagnostic archives, provided that validation of the method is first carried out for the specific proteins under study. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiling provides insights into the pathways involved in solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Cavard Catherine , Audebourg Anne , Letourneur Franck , Audard Virginie , Beuvon Frédéric , Cagnard Nicolas , Radenen Brigitte , Varlet Pascale , Vacher‐Lavenu Marie‐Cécile , Perret Christine , Terris Benoit 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSolid‐pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) are rare human pancreatic neoplasms usually associated with a good prognosis. In contrast to other pancreatic tumours, aberrant activation of the Wnt–β‐catenin pathway appears to be a constant feature in SPN. Aside from activation of the Wnt–β‐catenin pathway, little is known about biological pathways deregulated in SPN. We carried out transcriptome profiling of SPN to gain insights into the pathogenesis of these tumours. As expected, the over‐expression of AXIN2, TBX3, SP5 and NOTUM demonstrated activation of the β‐catenin pathway. Members of the Notch pathway (HEY1, HEY2, NOTCH2) were also up‐regulated, relative to their expression in ductal adenocarcinomas (DAC) or pancreatic endocrine tumours (PET). Other genes, such as EDN3, HAND2, netrin‐G2 and the receptor netrin‐G1 ligand, involved in neural crest differentiation, were also identified as altered. Increased levels of SOX10 and TuJ‐1 proteins were also indicative of neural‐like differentiation. In conclusion, SPN display a complex expression profile, distinct from that observed in PET and DAC and involving both the β‐catenin and Notch pathways, together with expression of neural differentiation markers. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.