bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and pharmacological dental management of a patient with autism
Authors: DAVILA JORGE M. , JENSEN OIVIND EKMAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 10‐year longitudinal report of case of an institutionalized autistic male dental patient is described. Interpretation of the data in the clinical and medical charts during this period points to possible clues to facilitating treatment for autistic individuals. One potentially important finding is the apparent inverse relationship that was found between level of sedation and patient cooperation. The impact of the specific medical diagnosis on the comprehensive care for these patients is also addressed.
Electrocardiographic examination of dental patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Rhodus Nelson L. , Little James W. , Johnson Debra K. 
Published: March 2008

Cardiac complications and abnormalities associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been well described. The most well‐recognized cardiac myopathies in SLE are pericarditis and valvular problems such as verrucous endocarditis. Electrocardiogram (EKG) abnormalities and arrhythmias have also occurred and such individuals may have persistent tachycardia. To determine the prevalence of dental patients with SLE who have these EKG changes, a pilot study was designed in which a group of 13 subjects with SLE underwent EKG monitoring in the clinic. Most of these were patients referred to the oral medicine clinic. A randomly selected group of age‐gender matched controls were monitored in an identical manner.All subjects first completed a cardiac screening questionnaire, were comfortably seated, and then monitored. The results indicated that the overall prevalence of EKG abnormalities among the subjects with SLE was 61.5% (n=8). The most common arrhythmia was supra ventricular extra systoles. These were compared with a control group with a prevalence of 23% (n=3). Of the 76.9% of the subjects with SLE who reported a positive history of cardiac abnormalities, 80% demonstrated EKG abnormalities as compared with 50% of the control group. Of the subjects with SLE who did not report a previous history, none demonstrated EKG abnormalities as was the same for the control group. These results indicate a high prevalence of EKG abnormalities in dental patients with SLE, especially those with a positive cardiac history.
Defensive strategies for the institutional dentist
Authors: Burtner A. Paul 
Published: March 2008

This paper was originally presented at the Third Annual National Conference on Special Care Issues in Dentistry, April 12–14,1991, at the American Dental Association Headquarters, Chicago.SummaryThe practice of dentistry in the institutional setting differs from the private practice of dentistry in several ways. These dissimilarities can cause the “institutional dentist” to be vulnerable to criticism by state dental boards, human rights advocacy groups, and regulatory agencies.Effective strategies have been developed for reducing the professional vulnerability of the dentist who provides oral health care in the institutional environment. This paper presents several workable solutions to the problems faced by the institutional dentist.
The Oral Hygiene Performance Test: Development and validation of dental dexterity scale for the elderly
Authors: Doherty S. Adele , Ross Angela , Bennett C. Ray 
Published: March 2008

This paper describes a test which was developed for use in assessing the functional oral hygiene status of an elderly population. The instrument was tested among 80 community‐dwelling elderly subjects 65 or more years old. The instrument, the Oral Hygiene Performance Test [OHPT], is a direct‐observation measure which objectively quantifies the individual's ability to perform oral hygiene and thus reduces subjective evaluation. The test utilized several items from other already‐validated instruments currently in use in geriatric medicine to assess functional abilities in a geriatric population. Additional items were developed by the research team and were included in this 17‐item test.The OHPT was validated with common measures of physical function and direct‐observation measures. Construct validity was assessed by comparison of the OHPT scores with other commonly used measures of other dimensions. The instrument proved to be reliable and demonstrated construct as well as concurrent validity. It appears that the OHPT can prove useful to clinicians in assessing the oral physical function of elderly patients with regard to their maintenance of oral hygiene. Because the OHPT is a direct‐observation instrument, it can even elicit higher functions in elderly patients. While effective among the studied population, the instrument may still need to be validated among more diverse populations, such as various ethnic groups and demented or severely impaired populations.
Tuberculosis risk in the hospital dental practice
Authors: Harlow Rand F. , Rutkauskas John S. 
Published: March 2008

Tuberculosis has re‐emerged as a serious public health concern. Multidrug‐resistant strains and an increase in the number of high‐risk groups are posing a difficult problem for health care providers. The risk of TB transmission in hospital dental practices is potentially increasing. A 20‐question survey was mailed to the membership of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, addressing various issues relating to tuberculosis. One hundred thirty‐two surveys were analyzed. Twelve percent of respondents reported at least one TB skin test conversion by a dental provider within the past year at their institution. Five respondents reported one dental provider contracting TB through patient contact. Oral TB was reported in 21 cases.Over 34% reported that active TB patients are not isolated to negative‐pressure isolation rooms, 45% reported that patients are allowed to frequent public areas, and only 59% believed that drug compliance monitoring was adequate. Over 86% support TB screening in the Hospital Dental Practice. It was concluded that Hospital Dental Practice personnel may be at increased risk for exposure to TB. Dental providers must exercise strict TB prevention and employ meticulous referral and follow‐up procedures for high‐risk patients.
A dental school's role in developing a rural, community‐based, dental care delivery system for individuals with developmental disabilities
Authors: Glassman Paul , Miller Christine Ernst , Lechowick Judy 
Published: March 2008

The long‐standing problem of access to dental care for persons with developmental disabilities in rural Northern California has been addressed in several communities by a unique community‐based program. The goal was to create a coalition to coordinate dental school resources with those of a consortium of agencies to address problems in the local communities. This program established a community‐based model demonstrating the provision of quality preventive and therapeutic dental services to these individuals.Through this program, dental care delivery systems were formed in three rural communities involving local community dentists and agency personnel. The role of the dental school was: (1) to establish and then work with a consortium of hospitals, agencies, dentists, and other dental personnel; (2) to train local dental personnel; (3) to establish and equip hospital dental facilities; (4) to conduct dental screening and triage clinics; (5) to consult with local agencies and dentists; (6) to act as a referral center for patients with complex medical situations; and (7) to develop and disseminate preventive dentistry training materials.
Hospital mouth‐cleaning aids may cause dental erosion
Authors: Meurman Jukka H. , Odont D. , Sorvari Rita , Odont D. , Pelttari Alpo , Rytömaa Inkari , Odont D. , Franssila Sami , Kroon Lars 
Published: March 2008

Maintaining satisfactory oral health in bed‐ridden patients often calls for special aids, such as moistened cotton swabs. The purpose of thls In vitro study was to investigate three commercially available swab sticks meant for hospital use (DentiswabR, Lemon‐Glycerin SwabsticksR, and Lemon Glycerine SwabsR), and one saliva‐stimulant chewing tablet (CassisalR), regarding their possible erosive effects on dental enamel. A bovine enamel model system was used. Specimens were incubated for 4 hours In the test solutions made of the products. The results showed statistically signlficant enamel softening caused by two of the cotton swabs (Lemon‐Glycerin SwabsticksR and Lemon Glycerine SwabsR). Incubation in the solutions made of DentiswabR cotton swabs and CassisalR tablets caused only minimal changes in microhard‐ness. Profilometric measurements supported these results. Stereomicroscopy and SEM showed distinct erosion in specimens treated with the lemon swab solution, while the other two did not cause erosion. Thus, attention should be focused on choosing the less erosive products If special mouth‐cleaning aids are used.
Effects of perceived patient attributes on dentist communication behavior
Authors: Thierer Todd E. , Handelman Stanley L. , Black Peter M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe current study was designed to assess the relationship between dentists' communication behavior and their perception of patient attributes such as likeability, manageability, and prognosis. Six AEGD residents were videotaped, and their verbal and nonverbal communication behavior was analyzed in the manner described. Each resident was administered a 20‐item questionnaire to determine his/her perception of patient attributes. For overall dentist nonverbal behavior, perception of the patient and the amount of recognized interruptions that the dentist allowed were significantly correlated (r = 0.28, p < 0.05). When the three dentist perception subcategories‐Likeability, Manageability, and Prognosis‐were analyzed, verbal and nonverbal communication leads were significantly correlated with the dentists' perceptions of patient attributes in each. The hypothesis of a relationship between patient communication behavior and the dentists' perceptions of patient attributes was supported. The results suggest that dentists alter their communication behavior depending on their assessment of various patient qualities. Whether training in interviewing techniques and communication behavior would have an effect on this process is unknown and should be addressed.
Attitudes of the dental team to the provision of care for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bedi Raman , Champion Jackie , Horn Rebecca 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to report on the evaluation of an attitude scale for General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) and Dental Auxiliaries/Professionals Complementary to Dentistry (PCDs), to determine the reliability of the scale with these two groups and to note any inter‐group differences. Seventy‐four GDPs and 89 PCDs completed the self‐administered questionnaires. The main outcome measures were reliability statistics, attitude scores, and factor analysis statistics. Reliability was satisfactory for both groups. PCDs scored consistently higher than GDPs on this attitude scale. Six factors were found to underlie the responses of GDPs, accounting for 62% of the variance. Seven factors were found to underlie the responses of PCDs, accounting for 65% of the variance. PCDs expressed more positive views about provision of care for patients with learning disabilities than did GDPs. Factor analysis revealed that GDPs were concerned about effectiveness of treatment and the stress related with treating patients with disabilities. PCDs appeared to be more concerned with the human rights of people with learning disabilities and how they fit into society.
Prevalence of dental caries in an adult population with mental disabilities in Spain
Authors: Vázquez Carmen Rodnguez , Garciflan Ma. Rosario , Rioboo Rafael , Bratos Eduardo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dental caries and the possible influence of extraoral factors in a group of adults with a mild to moderate degree of developmental delay. A total of 166 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 40 years were examined. All subjects were institutionalized, and 70.4% (n = 117) participated in a preventive program designed by the educators of the center. This consisted of weekly fluoride mouthrinses (0.2%) and control of dental plaque by toothbrushing with a fluoride toothpaste. The mean DMFT index for the whole sample was 5.97. Subjects in the oldest age group had the highest DMFT index and the lowest filled component. There were no significant differences in the DMFT index and its components between the subjects who received a weekly fluoride mouthrinse (n = 117) and those who did not (n = 49). Comparison of subjects who had cerebral palsy, Down Syndrome, and idiopathic developmental delay (n = 157) found a significantly lower DMFT index (p < 0.05) in the persons with Down Syndrome compared with the other special‐needs groups. Other factors which could influence the results—such as fluoride use, oral hygiene, and administration of benzodiazepines—were also analyzed. An analysis of the results revealed a moderately high prevalence of caries in the whole sample that was lower than that in a national survey. This could be attributed to strict dietary control of sugar in the study population.
Severe gingival recession and early loss of teeth in a child with chronic graft versus host disease: a case report
Authors: da Fonseca Mareio A. , Murdoch‐Kinch Carol Anne 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTGraft versus host disease (GVHD) oceurs after a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) when the donors immune system rejects the recipienfs body, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Increased numbers of chronic GVHD (c‐GVHD) patients are likely to be seen by dental professionals because of the advances made in transplantation. The oral cavity may be the primary or the only site of c‐GVHD and may have persistent lesions after resolution has oceurred in other areas.Approximately 80% of patients with extensive c‐GVHD present some type of oral involvement, including xerostomia, oral pain and lesions. Dental and oral care can be challenging for these patients. This paper discusses the manifestations and treatment of oral c‐GVHD and presents the case history of a 15‐month‐old girl who developed severe oral GVHD with an unusual periodontal presentation and early loss of primary teeth.
Dentofacial features of a family with Crouzon syndrome. Case reports
Authors: Singer Steven L. , Walpole Ian , Brogan William F. , Goldblatt Jack 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCrouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by craniosynostosis with associated dentofacial anomalies. This paper describes the variable clinical features in affected individuals over two generations of a family with particular reference to the dentofacial deformities and discussion of management strategies.
Effect of preterm birth on oral growth and development
Authors: Seow W. Kim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPreterm and low birthweight children comprise approximately 6 per cent of all live births. They are prone to many serious medical problems during the neonatal period which may affect the development of oral tissues. The present paper reviews the results of this author's own decade of research into the oral development of preterm children in the light of current understanding of the field. Studies have shown a high prevalence of generalized enamel hypoplasia in the primary dentition of around 40–70 per cent in preterm children which is likely to be associated with low bone mineral stores. The clinical significance of enamel defects is poor aesthetics, and predisposition of the lesions to dental caries. Other dental defects observed in preterm children are localized enamel hypoplasia, crown dilacerations, and palatal distortions which are usually associated with traumatic laryngoscopy and prolonged endotracheal intubation. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that the rate of dental development, and dental eruption may be affected by preterm birth. Children with the lowest birthweight and shortest gestational ages have the lowest rates of dental development, particularly before six years of age. The results of these clinical studies may have significant implications in the dental management of preterm children.
Musculoskeletal symptoms in New South Wales dentists
Authors: Marshall E. D. , Duncombe L. M. , Robinson R. Q. , Kilbreath S. L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study describes the prevalence and distribution of symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders occurring in New South Wales dentists and investigates the relationship between these symptoms and work practices.Four hundred and forty two members of the Australian Dental Association (New South Wales Branch), were randomly selected and sent questionnaires. Eighty per cent (n=355) responded. No significant differences in reported symptoms were found when considering age, experience, handedness, operating position or period of working without a break.Eighty‐two per cent of the respondents reported experiencing one or more musculoskeletal symptoms during the previous month. Sixty‐four per cent of the sample reported suffering pain (the majority reported back pain) and 58 per cent headaches. Most severe symptoms reported were pain (39%) and headaches (25%). Those in the youngest age category of less than 35 years (26%), were significantly more likely to have headaches (X24df p<0.05). Female dentists were more likely to rate the severity of their most severe symptom higher (X21df p<0.05), and to report more frequent pain (X22df p<0.05) and headaches (X22df p<0.05).Those practising four‐handed dentistry were significantly more likely to be in the 35–44 age range (X24df p<0.01), to work for longer periods before taking a 10‐minute break (X25df p<0.05) and to report frequent pain (X22df p<0.05).The results support the findings of previous studies conducted overseas but additional information about musculoskeletal symptoms in this occuptional group has been identified.
Arthroscopic management of temporomandibular closed lock
Authors: Miyamoto Hizuru , Sakashita Hideaki , Miyata Masaru , Goss Alastair N. , Okabe Koichi , Miyaji Yuuko , Sakuma Kuniko 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSixty‐three consecutive patients with painful closed lock involving 83 temporomandibular joints were treated by surgery and followed up for at lest 24 months. Prior to surgical treatment all had imaging to demonstrate that the cause of their painful jaw locking was an anterior displaced disc without reduction. All patients had received at least three months non‐surgical treatment without response. The arthroscopic surgery consisted of release of adhesions, manipulation and placement of 25 mg hyaluronic acid into the joint space. No significant surgical complications occurred. Postoperative treatment involved physical therapy and stabilization splints. At 24 months after surgery 57 patients (90.5 per cent) had no pain and mouth opening had improved from preoperative 27.2±5.4 mm to 44.4±4.1 mm (p<0.001). This study shows that arthroscopic surgery with continuing non‐surgical therapy is a highly effective treatment for painful closed lock.
The changing role of dental auxiliaries: A literature review
Authors: Baltutis Laura , Morgan Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA review of the literature on dental auxiliaries and their utilization in the dental workforce is presented, and their future role is examined in the light of broader issues relating to changing disease patterns and service delivery. Legislative factors, productivity, quality assurance and the potential scope for dental auxiliaries in both the public sector and private practice setting are discussed. A strategy for adopting a team approach in the delivery of dental services is suggested, which would necessitate the dentist taking on the role of team leader and maintaining responsibility for overall treatment planning and quality assurance. Dental auxiliaries could provide basic preventive and restorative dental services, allowing dentists to concentrate on providing more complex high‐technology treatment. Implications for the future training of dental auxiliaries are presented.
Oral cancer: Role of the basement membrane in invasion
Authors: Wilson David F. , De‐Jun Jiang , Pierce Angela M. , Wiebkin Ole W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInvasive growth of cancer cell is a complex process involving specific interactions between tumour cells and the orderly, integrated complexes of the extracellular matrix. Basement membranes have been proposed as one constituent of extracellular matrix which carries responsibility for regulating invasion and metastasis. Using a chemically induced rat tongue carcinoma model, it has been shown that components of the basement membrane and its overall structure are altered during tumour invasion, and methods have been developed to quantitate some of these differences. Since the basement membrane can be specifically characterized by its fibrous protein network of Type IV collagen and laminin, which is embedded in a heparan sulphate‐rich proteoglycan matrix, these components have been targeted. In paticular, the current paper presents results in the context of current concepts of early changes in neoplastic invasion of underlying connective tissues. In consequence, further elaboration of the underlying mechanisms of epithelial migration in oral cancer may allow an exploration of the use of alterations in expression of basement membrane components as prognostic indicators.
Metastasis of thyroid carcinoma to the mandible: Case Report
Authors: Anil S. , Lal P. M. , Gill D. S. , Beena V. T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMetastatic tumours to the jaw bones are uncommon. The incidence of jaw bone metastasis is difficult to assess accurately since the usual method to determine the distribution of a metastatic tumour has been by a radiographic skeletal survey in which the jaws are rarely included. At times, metastatic lesions of the orofacial region may be the first evidence of dissemination of a known tumour from its primary site. A case of metastatic follicular carcinoma of the thyroid to the mandible is presented. The present case emphasizes the importance of considering metastasis in the differential diagnosis of a radiolucent lesion in the mandible in a patient with a history of any malignant disease.
Studies of dental root surface caries. 1: Comparison of natural and artificial root caries lesions
Authors: McIntyre J. M. , Featherstone J. D. B. , Fu J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractQualitative polarized light microscopy and cross‐sectional microhardness testing profiles were used to compare artificial root caries lesions with those naturally present in extracted human teeth. The artificial lesions were produced by immersion of roots with exposed windows in chemical buffers of acetate and lactate with no added enzymes or bacteria. The three buffer systems used produced lesions with the range of histological characteristics of natural lesions. These included a ‘body’ or ‘surface’ zone of the lesion when viewed in water, and a ‘frontal’ zone of reverse birefringence when viewed in quinoline. The ‘frontal’ zone was noted to first develop after three days of immersion in acetate buffer. Advanced natural lesions exhibited a wide, diffuse, advancing front, which was similar to that produced by 28–60 day lesions in acetate.Microhardness profiles of natural lesions could all be matched by one or more of the artificial lesions. The demineralizing process was seen to reduce mineral content across the lesion from 45 per cent in normal dentine to between 15 and 25 per cent.