bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Nicotine GUM and Pretreatment Depressive Symptoms in Smoking Cessation: Twelve-Month Results of a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial
Authors: Kinnunen Taru , Korhonen Tellervo , Garvey Arthur J. 
Published: November 2008

Objective: The aim was to investigate the role of nicotine gum and pre-treatment depressive symptoms in long-term smoking cessation. Methods: 12-month follow-up of 608 participants within a randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Participants received brief counseling plus nicotine or placebo treatment. Based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale pre-treatment score (≥ 16), 32% of the participants were classified as depressed at baseline. Results: At the 12-month follow-up the non-depressed participants with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were most successful (20.1%), while the depressed ones with placebo were least successful (5.7%) ( p = .004). However, the depressed participants with NRT (15.1%) were not significantly less successful than the non-depressed ones with NRT (20.1%, p = .23). Survival analysis showed significant depression ( p = .01) and treatment effects ( p = < .001) on the abstinence. Further, when adjusted for marital status and education, the treatment effect remained significant ( p < .001), whereas the depression effect became non-significant ( p = .08). Conclusions: NRT improved cessation both among the depressed and non-depressed. To understand discrepancies in literature reporting depression and smoking cessation outcome, the pharmacological treatment modality and social-demographic variables should be examined as additional variables.
Project-Based Community Language Learning: Three Narratives of Multilingual Story-telling in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Lotherington Heather , Holland Michelle , Sotoudeh Shiva , Zentena Mike 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:At Joyce Public School (JPS) in the Greater Toronto Area, we are engaged in ongoing collaborative action research to develop pedagogical approaches to emergent literacies that engage multilingual, multicultural, and multimodal perspectives in complex interplay. Our research is grounded in the challenges children experience in acquiring literacy across home, school, community, and societal contexts in a culturally and linguistically diverse urban setting, given limited curricular opportunities for involving multiple languages in literacy education. Our research involves collaboratively designed classroom-based narrative projects that productively entwine multilingualism, English language discovery, and digital technologies in elementary literacy instruction. This article provides first-person perspectives on and an analytical discussion of the emerging pedagogies of three primary-grade teachers involved in our collaborative multiliteracies research who successfully engage multilingualism in English language and literacy education.
Promoting Local Languages in Ugandan Primary Schools: The Community as Stakeholder
Authors: Tembe Juliet , Norton Bonny 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: The community is an important stakeholder in language education, and community views are critical for the successful implementation of new language policies. This article reports on a study on multilingual language policies conducted in two primary schools in two communities in eastern Uganda, one rural and one urban, from 2005 through 2006. The study focused on community responses to the new language education policy, which promotes the teaching of local languages in the first four years of schooling, using questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus-group discussions to collect data from the two communities, each linked to a local primary school. The findings show that in both communities, although participants were generally aware of the new local-language policy, they were ambivalent about its implementation in their school. They recognized the importance of local languages in promoting identity and cultural maintenance, but a higher priority was their children's upward mobility and the desire to be part of wider and more international communities. Further, while area languages such as Luganda and regional languages such as Kiswahili were perceived to have some benefits as languages of wider communication, it was English that received unequivocal support from both communities. The study concludes that parents and communities need to be better informed about the pedagogical advantages of instruction in the local language and that communities need convincing evidence that the promotion of local languages will not compromise desires for global citizenship.
Aggressive and prosocial children's emotion attributions and moral reasoning
Authors: Malti Tina , Gasser Luciano , Buchmann Marlis 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAggressive and prosocial children's emotion attributions and moral reasoning were investigated. Participants were 235 kindergarten children (M=6.2 years) and 136 elementary‐school children (M=7.6 years) who were selected as aggressive or prosocial based on (kindergarten) teacher ratings. The children were asked to evaluate hypothetical rule violations, attribute emotions they would feel in the role of the victimizer, and justify their responses. Compared with younger prosocial children, younger aggressive children attributed fewer negative emotions and were more likely to provide sanction‐oriented justifications when evaluating rule violations negatively. Furthermore, age‐, gender‐ and context‐effects in moral development occurred. The context‐effects included both effects of transgression type (i.e., prosocial morality vs. fairness) on emotion attributions and moral reasoning and the effects of the context of moral evaluation and emotion attribution on moral reasoning. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of emotion attributions and moral reasoning as antecedents of children's aggressive and prosocial behavior. Aggr. Behav. 35:90–102, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust control of depth of anesthesia
Authors: Dumont Guy A. , Martinez Arturo , Ansermino J. Mark 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic procedure to design both robust PID controllers and robust controllers based on fractional calculus (based on Commande Robuste d'Ordre Non Entier, or CRONE methodology) to regulate the hypnotic state of anesthesia with the intravenous administration of propofol. The objective of the controllers is to provide an adequate drug administration regimen for propofol to avoid under or over dosing of the patients. The controllers are designed to compensate for the patients inherent drug–response variability (uncertainty), to achieve good output disturbance rejection, and to attain good set point response. The performance of the controllers is assessed by calculating typical time domain measures and using the median PE, median absolute PE, divergence, and wobble. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructured Biomaterials for Regeneration
Authors: Wei Guobao , Ma Peter X. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBiomaterials play a pivotal role in regenerative medicine, which aims to regenerate and replace lost/dysfunctional tissues or organs. Biomaterials (scaffolds) serve as temporary 3D substrates to guide neo tissue formation and organization. It is often beneficial for a scaffolding material to mimic the characteristics of extracellular matrix (ECM) at the nanometer scale and to induce certain natural developmental or/and wound healing processes for tissue regeneration applications. This article reviews the fabrication and modification technologies for nanofibrous, nanocomposite, and nanostructured drug‐delivering scaffolds. ECM‐mimicking nanostructured biomaterials have been shown to actively regulate cellular responses including attachment, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix deposition. Nanoscaled drug delivery systems can be successfully incorporated into a porous 3D scaffold to enhance the tissue regeneration capacity. In conclusion, nanostructured biomateials are a very exciting and rapidly expanding research area, and are providing new enabling technologies for regenerative medicine.
Optimization of the mechanical properties of a hydrotreating catalyst in the impregnating and drying processes
Authors: Wu Dongfang , Zhou Jiancheng , Li Yongdan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Taguchi method, a powerful tool to the optimization for quality, is used to improve the mechanical properties of a PCoMo/Al2O3 hydrotreating catalyst in the impregnating and drying processes. An orthogonal array is selected to analyze the effects of the process factors, i.e., impregnating temperature, impregnating time, drying temperature, and drying time. Through this study, not only can the main process factors that affect the mean strength and the Weibull modulus be found, but also the optimal factor levels can be obtained. Results show that the drying temperature is the most significant process factor affecting both the mean strength and the Weibull modulus. It has been shown that the mean strength, Weibull modulus, and mechanical reliability of the hydrotreating catalyst can be improved significantly with the optimization of the impregnating and drying process factors. Experimental results are also provided to confirm the effectiveness of the Taguchi method. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Granular mixing and segregation in a horizontal rotating drum: A simulation study on the impact of rotational speed and fill level
Authors: Arntz M. M. H. D. , den Otter W. K. , Briels W. J. , Bussmann P. J. T. , Beeftink H. H. , Boom R. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe rich phase behavior of granular beds of bidisperse hard spherical particles in a rotating horizontal drum is studied by Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. Several flow regimes and various forms of radial segregation, as well as mixing, are observed by systematically varying the operational parameters of the drum, i.e. fill level and angular velocity, over a wide range. Steady states after several dozen revolutions are summarized in two bed behavior diagrams, showing strong correlations between flow regime and segregation pattern. An entropy method quantifies the overall degree of mixing, while density and velocity plots are used to analyze the local properties of the granular bed. The percolation mechanism may provide a qualitative explanation for the distinct segregation processes, and for the transient mixing in nonradially segregated beds. Initially blockwise segregated beds are found to mix before radial segregation sets in. High fill fractions (>65%) show the most intense segregation. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Altered cytokine profiles in patients with Chuvash polycythemia
Authors: Niu Xiaomei , Miasnikova Galina Y. , Sergueeva Adelina I. , Polyakova Lydia A. , Okhotin Daniel J. , Tuktanov Nikolai V. , Nouraie Mehdi , Ammosova Tatiana , Nekhai Sergei , Gordeuk Victor R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChuvash polycythemia results from a homozygous 598C>T mutation in exon 3 of the von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) gene. This disrupts the normoxia pathway for degrading hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)‐1α and HIF‐2α causing altered expression of HIF‐1 and HIF‐2 inducible genes. As hypoxia induces expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that there might be an elevation of Th1 cytokines in the setting of Chuvash polycythemia. We analyzed plasma concentrations of Th1 (interleukins‐2 and 12, interferon‐γ, granulocyte‐monocyte colony‐stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor‐α) and Th2 cytokines (interleukins‐4, 5, 10, and 13) using the Bio‐Plex multiplex suspension array system in 34 VHL598C>T homozygotes and 32 VHL wild‐type participants from Chuvashia. Concentrations of all the Th1 and Th2 cytokines measured were elevated in the VHL598C>T homozygotes compared with the control wild‐type participants, but the ratios of Th1 to Th2 cytokines did not differ by genotype. In parallel, peripheral blood concentrations of CD4 positive T‐helper cells and CD4/CD8 ratio were lower in the VHL598C>T homozygotes. In conclusion, the up‐regulated hypoxic response in Chuvash polycythemia is associated with increased plasma products of both the Th1 and Th2 pathways, but the balance between the two pathways seems to be preserved. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum BLyS levels increase after rituximab as initial therapy in patients with follicular grade 1 non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. , Novak Anne J. , Ziesmer Steven , Price‐Troska Tammy , LaPlant Betsy , Dillon Stacey R. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSerum B‐lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) levels are elevated in a subset of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients, particularly those with a family history of B‐cell malignancies or a polymorphism in the BLyS gene. BLyS promotes growth of malignant B‐cells and increased serum BLyS levels are associated with a poor clinical outcome. In this study, BLyS levels were measured before and after 4 weekly doses of rituximab in 30 patients with previously untreated follicular Grade 1 NHL. A significant increase was seen in the serum levels of BLyS (P = 0.0001) after rituximab therapy. The increase was independent of genetic variability in the BLyS gene. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide association scan of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Neale Benjamin M. , Lasky‐Su Jessica , Anney Richard , Franke Barbara , Zhou Kaixin , Maller Julian B. , Vasquez Alejandro Arias , Asherson Philip , Chen Wai , Banaschewski Tobias , Buitelaar Jan , Ebstein Richard , Gill Michael , Miranda Ana , Oades Robert D. , Roeyers Herbert , Rothenberger Aribert , Sergeant Joseph , Steinhausen Hans Christoph , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Mulas Fernando , Taylor Eric , Laird Nan , Lange Christoph , Daly Mark , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractResults of behavioral genetic and molecular genetic studies have converged to suggest that genes substantially contribute to the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common disorder with an onset in childhood. Yet, despite numerous linkage and candidate gene studies, strongly consistent and replicable association has eluded detection. To search for ADHD susceptibility genes, we genotyped approximately 600,000 SNPs in 958 ADHD affected family trios. After cleaning the data, we analyzed 438,784 SNPs in 2,803 individuals comprising 909 complete trios using ADHD diagnosis as phenotype. We present the initial TDT findings as well as considerations for cleaning family‐based TDT data. None of the SNP association tests achieved genome‐wide significance, indicating that larger samples may be required to identify risk loci for ADHD. We additionally identify a systemic bias in family‐based association, and suggest that variable missing genotype rates may be the source of this bias. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial dyskinesia and facial myokymia (FDFM): Follow‐up of a large family and linkage to chromosome 3p21‐3q21
Authors: Raskind Wendy H. , Matsushita Mark , Peter Beate , Biberston Jeffrey , Wolff John , Lipe Hillary , Burbank Ruben , Bird Thomas D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe previously reported a five‐generation family manifesting an autosomal dominant disorder of facial myokymia and dystonic/choreic movements (FDFM). The dyskinetic episodes are initially paroxysmal but may become constant. With increasing age they may lessen or even disappear. The previous study excluded nine candidate genes chosen for their association with myokymia or chorea and two regions containing single or clustered ion channel genes. We now report identification by whole genome linkage analysis of a broad region on chromosome 3p21‐3q21 that segregates with the disease in all 10 affected members in three generations who participated in the study. GENEHUNTER‐MODSCORE Version 2.0.1 provided a maximum multipoint LOD score of 3.099. No other disorders primarily characterized by myokymia, dystonia, or chorea are known to map to this region. Identification of additional families with FDFM may narrow the critical region and facilitate the choice of candidate genes for further analysis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐widely significant evidence of linkage of schizophrenia to chromosomes 2p24.3 and 6q27 in an SNP‐Based analysis of Korean families
Authors: Hong Kyung Sue , Won Hong‐Hee , Cho Eun‐Young , Jeun Hyun Ok , Cho Sang‐Seon , Lee Yu‐Sang , Park Dong Yeon , Jang Yong Lee , Choi Kyeong‐Sook , Lee Dongsoo , Kim Min‐Ji , Kim Seonwoo , Han Wou Sang , Kim Jong‐Won 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe present study reports the results of a genome‐wide SNP linkage scan for schizophrenia in the Korean population. Fifty‐six multiplex schizophrenia families were analyzed. Clinical evaluations on all subjects were consistently performed by raters in a single research team. Multipoint non‐parametric linkage analysis was performed, and empirical simulations were generated to determine genome‐wide significance. The authors found genome‐widely significant evidence of linkage for schizophrenia to chromosomes 2p24.3 (NPL Z = 3.18) and 6q27 (NPL Z = 2.90). Six other chromosomal regions, that is, 3q24, 13q12.3, 18q22.3, 20p12.2, 4p14, and 1p36.12, yielded NPL Z scores of above 2.0 for either broad or narrow phenotype classes. Although linkage to these loci has not received prominent attention in studies on Caucasian families, multiple overlaps were observed between our loci (on 2p, 3q, and 13q) and linkage peaks generated from extended families in various isolated populations. Fine mappings and the detection of candidate genes within these regions are warranted. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical computation of the fiber diameter of melt blown nonwovens produced by the inset die
Authors: Chen Ting , Zhang Chong , Chen Xia , Li Liqing 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMelt blowing is used commercially as a one‐step process for converting polymer resin directly into a nonwoven mat of microfibers. The inset die is often used to produce polymeric fibers in the melt blowing process. The air jet flow field model for the dual slot inset die is established. The flow field model is solved by using the finite difference method. The numerical computation results of the air velocity distribution coincide with the experimental data. Then the air drawing model of polymers in the melt blowing process established in our previous research is solved with the aid of simulation results of the air jet flow field. The final fiber diameter of the nonwoven fabrics predicted by the air drawing model of polymers tallies with the experimental data. The results show the great potential of this research for the computer assisted design of melt blowing technology and equipment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Evaluation of flexible postconsumed polyurethane foams modified by polystyrene grafting as sorbent material for oil spills
Authors: A. Tanobe V. O. , Sydenstricker T. H. D. , Amico S. C. , Vargas J. V. C. , Zawadzki S. F. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis work studies the possibility of reusing flexible postconsumed polyurethane foams modified by grafting with polystyrene as a sorbent material for the mitigation of oil spills. Different foams were evaluated via crude oil sorption and retention experiments, density, and morphological analyses. The foams with the best performance were chemically modified by grafting with polystyrene under different conditions (initiator concentration, styrene volume, and reaction time) in a system initiated by oxi‐reduction of Ce(IV) from an amoniacal ceric nitrate solution. A three‐level factorial design was used to study the influence of the variables. The foams were characterized via spectroscopy (XPS/ESCA and infrared) and water and oil sorption. Foam modification via grafting with polystyrene showed to be a viable alternative to increase its oil sorption ability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Anionic copolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with Meldrum's acid derivatives initiated by 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) pyridine
Authors: González Lidia , Ramis Xavier , Salla Josep Maria , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe anionic copolymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with 2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐4,6‐dioxo‐1,3‐dioxane or 6,6‐dimethyl‐(4,8‐dioxaspiro[2.5]octane‐5,7‐dione) with 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino) pyridine as an initiator to form thermosets was studied with differential scanning calorimetry, and the kinetics were evaluated with isoconversional procedures. The evolution during the curing process of the epoxide, lactone, and linear ester bands was evaluated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode to clarify the reactions taking place. The shrinkage during curing, thermomechanical properties, and thermal degradability of the materials obtained by copolymerization with the different derivatives of Meldrum's acid were evaluated and related to the chemical structure of the final network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Cloning, characterization and expression of two glutathione S‐transferase cDNAs in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana
Authors: Huang Yufen , Krell Peter J. , Ladd Tim , Feng Qili , Zheng Sichun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTwo Choristoneura fumiferana glutathione S‐transferase cDNAs (CfGSTs4 and CfGSTd5) were cloned from a cDNA library constructed using mRNA from the midgut cell line, CF‐203. These cDNAs encoded two structurally different proteins with a predicted molecular mass of 23 and 24 kDa, respectively. Amino acid sequence analysis indicates that CfGSTs4 and CfGSTd5 contained Sigma and Delta GST domain, respectively. CfGSTs4 cDNA was expressed as a recombinant protein with the same molecular mass as predicted. Semi‐quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR analyses indicated that both of these genes were expressed in the epidermis, fat body, and midgut of the 6th instar larvae, as well as CF‐203 cells. CfGSTs4 was highly and almost constantly expressed in all tissues during the 6th instar stage. There were higher levels of CfGSTs4 protein in the midgut and fat body than in the epidermis. CfGSTd5 was expressed in the fat body when the insects underwent pupal molting and was constantly expressed in the epidermis and midgut during 6th instar development. CfGSTs4 expression was not affected by ecdysone agonist tebufenozide (RH5992), whereas CfGSTd5 expression was slightly suppressed by the compound. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the Japanese fireflies Luciola lateralis and Luciola cruciata
Authors: Ohtsuki Hajime , Yokoyama Jun , Ohba Nobuyoshi , Ohmiya Yoshihiro , Kawata Masakado 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSpecies‐specific flash patterns in firefly species are important for the investigation of the evolution of Lampyridae. Since nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is one of the key enzymes controlling flash patterns, we determined the cDNA sequences of NOS in the Japanese fireflies Luciola lateralis and L. cruciata. The identity of the NOS sequences was very high between these 2 species. Firefly NOS also exhibited a high identity with those of other insect species, and the cofactor‐binding domains were particularly well conserved. Many negatively selected sites were detected throughout the NOS sequences; however, no positive selection was detected. The phylogenetic relationship of insect NOS was different from that of the general classification system, although the lineages corresponded to the major recognized taxonomic groups. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.