bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility genetic variants in Hungarian morbus Crohn and ulcerative colitis patients
Authors: Magyari Lili , Melegh Béla 
Published: December 2008

Gyulladásos bélbetegségekre (Crohn-betegség, colitis ulcerosa) hajlamosító gének vizsgálatát végeztük magyar populációban, ezek a CARD15 gén R702W, G908R, 1007finsC variánsai, az SLC22A4 gén C1672T és az SLC22A5 G-207C variánsai, valamint az általuk meghatározott TC haplotípus, a CTLA4 gén A+49G eltérése és az IL23R gén rs10889677 C/A, rs2201841 T/C, rs1884444 G/T variánsai. Vizsgálataink során 201 felnőtt Crohn-beteg, 241 felnőtt colitis ulcerosás, valamint 19 gyermek Crohn-beteget analizáltunk. Kontrollnak 235 felnőttől és 49 gyermektől vettünk vért. A genotipizálás során PCR/RFLP módszert és direkt szekvenálást alkalmaztunk. Eredményeink alapján kijelenthetjük, hogy a CARD15 gén mutációi közül felnőttekben az 1007finsC, míg gyermekekben az 1007finsC és a G908R variáns is hajlamosít Crohn-betegség kialakulására. Az SLC22A4 és SLC22A5 gének által meghatározott TC haplotípus esetén nem találtunk szignifikáns különbséget a betegcsoportok kontrollokkal való összevetése során. A CTLA4 gén A+49G variánsa nem bizonyult hajlamosító tényezőnek gyulladásos bélbetegségekre. Az IL23R gén esetén az rs10889677 C/A és az rs2201841 T/C jelent kockázati tényezőt Crohn-betegség kialakulására. Megállapíthatjuk, hogy különböző populációktól függ, hogy az adott genetikai variánsok hajlamosítanak-e az adott populációban a gyulladásos bélbetegségek valamelyikének kialakulására.
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Kahán Zsuzsanna , Nikolényi Aliz , Uhercsák Gabriella , Thurzó László 
Published: December 2008

A neoadjuváns (preoperatív) szisztémás terápia jó lehetőség a lokális-regionális kiterjedésű, tünetet okozó emlőrákok kezelésére. A daganat jellemzői alapján megválasztott elsődleges kemoterápia vagy hormonterápia a legtöbbször a daganat kisebbedéséhez vezet, ami kedvez a későbbi emlőmegtartó műtét elvégzésének. A szisztémás terápia hosszú távú preventív (adjuváns) eredményessége nem különbözik a preoperatív vagy posztoperatív alkalmazás szerint, a terápia hatásának
in vivo
megfigyelt eredménye pedig utal a prognózisra. Végül előny, hogy a műtét előtt bevezetett terápia elvégezhetőségét nem késlelteti esetleges műtéti szövődmény. A neoadjuváns kezelések előtt elengedhetetlen a tumor, illetve a beteg gondos kivizsgálása. Az emlők képalkotó és a tumor szövettani vizsgálata mellett szükség van a beteg teljes kivizsgálására. Fontos a patológiai tipizálás, amely elsősorban a terápia megválasztását, a kemo- vagy hormonszenzitivitás megítélését segíti. A kemoszenzitív tumorok kezelésére leghatékonyabb kombináció a taxán- és antraciklinalapú kemoterápia. Neoadjuváns hormonterápiával főképp menopauzás betegek kezelésével áll rendelkezésre tapasztalat. Valamennyi aromatázgátló effektívebb a tamoxifennél, ezért alkalmazásuk első választásként indokolt. A molekulárisan célzott szerek közül a trastuzumab kemoterápiával kombinálva kiemelkedő hatékonyságot mutat. A primer szisztémás terápia befejezése után újabb stádiummegállapító képalkotó vizsgálat után emlő- és nyirokcsomóműtét következik, és a legtöbbször sugárterápia is. A neoadjuváns szisztémás terápia azonos nyelv és szakmai szabályok alkalmazását követeli meg az összeszokott multidiszciplináris munkacsoport tagjaitól.
Effect of Systemic Intermittent Administration of Human Parathyroid Hormone (RHPTH[1–34]) on the Resistance to Reverse Torque in Rabbit Tibiae
Authors: Corsini Marcelo Soeiro , Faraco Fátima N. , Castro Alessandra A. Pereira , Onuma Tatiana , Sendyk Wilson R. , Shibli Jamil Awad 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intermittent administration of human parathyroid hormone [rhPTH (1–34)] on the removal torque of implants placed in rabbit tibiae. Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were submitted to implant surgery. Each animal received one machined screw-type implant (3.75 mm diameter × 8 mm length) in the proximal metaphysis of the right tibia. The rabbits were then divided into 2 groups: the test group (n = 10) received 6 μg/kg of rhPTH (1–34) subcutaneously in the dorsal region 3 days a week, and the control group (n = 10) received placebo. Removal torque was performed at 28 and 56 days after implant placement for both groups. The mean removal torque values at 28 days were 37.0 ± 4.36 Ncm and 47.4 ± 6.77 Ncm for control and test groups respectively (P &lt; .05). At 56 days the reverse torque was 45.8 ± 3.96 Ncm for the control group and 55.8 ± 2.86 Ncm for the test group, indicating that the removal torque was significantly higher in the test groups (P &lt; .05). These results demonstrated that intermittent treatment with rhPTH (1–34) enhanced the removal torque of implants in rabbit tibiae.
Arachidonic Acid and Prostaglandin E2 Influence Human Osteoblast (MG63) Response to Titanium Surface Roughness
Authors: Dean David D. , Campbell Casey M. , Gruwell Scott F. , Tindall John W. M. , Chuang Hui-Hsiu , Zhong Weinan , Schmitz John P. , Sylvia Victor L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPrior studies have shown that implant surface roughness affects osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, matrix synthesis, and local factor production. Further, cell response is modulated by systemic factors, such as 1,25(OH)2D3 and estrogen as well as mechanical forces. Based on the fact that peri-implant bone healing occurs in a site containing elevated amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the hypothesis of the current study is that PGE2 and arachidonic acid (AA), the substrate used by cyclooxygenase to form PGE2, influence osteoblast response to implant surface roughness. To test this hypothesis, 4 different types of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) disks with surfaces of varying roughness (smooth Ti, Ra 0.30 μm; smooth and acid etched Ti [SAE Ti], Ra 0.40 μm; rough Ti, Ra 4.3 μm; rough and acid etched Ti [RAE Ti], Ra 4.15μm) were prepared. MG63 osteoblasts were seeded onto the surfaces, cultured to confluence, and then treated for the last 24 hours of culture with AA (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM), PGE2 (0, 1, 10, 25, and 100 nM), or the general cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (0 or 100 nM). At harvest, the effect of treatment on cell proliferation was assessed by measuring cell number and [3H]-thymidine incorporation, and the effect on cell differentiation was determined by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) specific activity. The effect of AA and PGE2 on cell number was somewhat variable but showed a general decrease on plastic and smooth surfaces and an increase on rough surfaces. In contrast, [3H]-thymidine incorporation was uniformly decreased with treatment on all surfaces. ALP demonstrated the most prominent effect of treatment. On smooth surfaces, AA and PGE2 dose-dependently increased ALP, while on rough surfaces, treatment dose-dependently decreased enzyme specific activity. Indomethacin treatment had either no effect or a slightly inhibitory effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation on all surfaces. In contrast, indomethacin inhibited ALP on smooth surfaces and stimulated ALP on rough. Taken together, the results indicate that both AA and PGE2 influence osteoblast response by promoting osteoblast differentiation on smooth surfaces, while inhibiting it on rough surfaces. Because implants with rough surfaces are acknowledged to be superior to those with smooth surfaces, these results suggest that use of nonsterioidal anti-inflammatory drugs to block PGE2 production and reduce inflammation may be beneficial in the postoperative period after implant placement. They also indicate that manipulation of the AA metabolic pathway may offer a new therapeutic approach for modulating bone healing after implant placement. Because peri-implant healing takes place in a complex cellular environment quite different from the one used in the present study, additional work will be necessary to substantiate these possibilities.
Vertical Alveolar Ridge Expansion and Simultaneous Implant Placement in Posterior Maxilla Using Segmental Osteotomy: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Fujita Atsushi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Implant placement in vertically insufficient alveolar ridges of the posterior maxillae may require bone augmentation, such as sinus floor elevation, onlay grafting, and distraction osteogenesis. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the feasibility of vertical alveolar ridge expansion and simultaneous implant placement in the posterior maxilla using segmental osteotomy without sinus floor elevation, onlay grafting, and distraction osteogenesis. Two patients presenting with vertically insufficient alveolar ridges in the posterior maxillae were treated with the surgical procedure as follows. The edentulous ridge was split vertically using a segmental osteotomy before the preparation of an implant bed, and 1 implant body was placed simultaneously in the ridge with the vertical split. Three months later, abutments were connected and prosthetic loading of the implants was started. The follow-up was performed with the aid of dental and panoramic radiographs, evaluation of peri-implant probing depths, and Periotest values. In both patients, alveolar ridge expansion and implant placement were carried out without problems, good functional results were performed, and the clinical and radiologic findings were satisfactory. The outcome of the surgical procedure showed minimal invasion and good functional results.
Clinical and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Staged Approach Using Bone Augmentation and Autogenous Masticatory Mucosal Graft With Endosseous Implant Placement: A Case Report
Authors: Park Jun-Beom 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Various materials have been used to prevent or minimize ridge collapse after tooth extraction in an attempt to improve implant placement. However, there is no report evaluating the effect the additional autogenous masticatory mucosal graft (free gingival graft [FGG]) on the maturation of the grafted area. A patient who presented with a missing area with prior bone-augmentation procedure was treated with FGG. The additional procedure of FGG performed well as a soft tissue barrier for frenal pull, and the underlying bone showed good healing maturity with a high percentage of new bone formation.
Characterization of Oil/Water Flows in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Vielma M. , Atmaca S. , Sarica C. , Zhang H. 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The dynamic characteristics of oil/water flow systems have not been understood fully. The need for improved designing methods has led researchers toward its continuous investigation. The objective of this study was to characterize oil/water flow through experimental data. The tests were conducted in a 2-in. horizontal test section using tap water and mineral oil (density = 0.85 g/cm3 and viscosity =15 cp), with superficial velocities ranging from 0.025 to 1.75 m/s. Data were acquired on flow patterns, pressure drop, phase fraction, and droplet size as a function of flow patterns and were used in characterization of the flow and performance evaluation of an oil/water model. A high-speed video camera was used to identify flow patterns and measure droplets, and ten conductivity probes were used to obtain phase distributions. This paper provides new experimental data on pressure drop, holdup, phase distribution, and droplet-size distribution in oil/water flows that can lead to better modeling and design of dispersed systems. Moreover, the new data provide new information on droplet sizes that can have significant impact on separator design. Data comparisons were performed against the data of Trallero (1996). Three probabilistic distributions were tested for fully dispersed flows. A Sauter mean-diameter (SMD) analysis was conducted across the pipe diameter. Droplet-size data were used to evaluate existing models such as Hinze (1955), Kubie and Gardner (1977), Angeli and Hewitt (2000), and Kouba (2003). An empirical correlation to predict the SMD profile of droplets across the pipe cross section was developed for flow pattern of dispersed oil in water (o/w) and water. Log-normal distribution was the best probabilistic distribution for representing the data for fully dispersed systems. The empirical correlation gave acceptable results. More data are needed to validate the results. Model comparisons revealed that none of the models could represent the experimental data accurately. This paper provides significant insight into oil/water flows in horizontal pipes. The results are significant for the design of pipelines and separators. Moreover, the interpretation of production logs in horizontal wells relies heavily on the flow behavior.
A Survey of Wireless Technology for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Petersen Stig , Myhre Bård , Doyle Paula , Mikkelsen Erik , Carlsen Simon , Sjong Dag , Skavhaug Amund , van der Linden Jan Hendrik , Sansom Mark 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11/a/b/g specifications for wireless local-area networks (WLANs), the IEEE 802.15.4 specification for low-rate wireless personal-area networks, and the radio-frequency-identification (RFID) specifications have enabled a wide range of wireless applications such as wireless networking, sensing, monitoring and control, and asset and personnel tracking. For the oil and gas industry, using this technology will lead to reduced operating costs and will enable new applications.
This paper identifies the technical requirements for wireless technology within the boundaries of the oil and gas industry. Experiments have been performed on wireless solutions within three application areas to examine whether or not currently available technologies fulfill these requirements. The conclusion is that WLAN technology is ready for deployment in oil and gas installations, while there remains a need for an open industrial standard for wireless-sensor networks (WSNs). Regarding RFID, our experiments show that solutions with passive tags are not suitable for asset- and personnel-tracking applications.
Application of Stirling-Cycle Generators in Production Operations
Authors: Dotson Bryan D. , Rochelle Joe M. , Madden Loren 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Clean, inexpensive, and reliable on-site electric power generation for remote wellsites is an emerging need. There is a growing demand for electric power sources in the range of ½ to 1.5 kW to run pumping units and pumps on liquid loaded gas wells. To understand one possible option, a pilot project consisting of three 0.8-kW Stirling cycle electric generators was conducted in Wyoming.
One generator was installed driving a conventional beam pump at the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC). Two generators were installed for telemetry power service on well pads in the Wamsutter gas field. In addition to these two applications, small gas-fired generators could provide power for cathodic protection, chemical dosing systems, and other low-rate pumping requirements.
The pilot demonstrated that a Stirling cycle generator can pump a small well and provide supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) power even in cold weather conditions. A simple fuel-control and conditioning system provided reliable operation when properly installed. Operations and maintenance observations from the 1-year pilot are presented.
Stirling cycle engines are external combustion engines which offer some advantages over traditional internal combustion engines: lower maintenance cost, low NOx emissions, and the recovery of heat for process uses. In fact, the current commercial equipment is best thought of as a ¾-kW cogeneration unit.

Introduction
The combination of higher oil and gas prices over the past decade coupled with increasing concern over greenhouse gas emissions has increased the incentive for well operators to use electric-driven production equipment located at the wellsite. In many cases, wells are located far from the traditional electric utility and a remote power source is required. At this time, there are few options to provide the electric power in the ½- to 1.5-kW range at remote wellsites.
Services that can be improved using electric power at wellsites include beam pumping, chemical injection, cathodic protection, and SCADA. In addition, there are potential future services such as gas well deliquification (Dotson et al. 2006) or tank vapor recovery which could be enabled by electric power.
To investigate the potential of a small, low maintenance gas-fired electric generator, three Stirling cycle electric generators were installed in Wyoming.
This paper will outline the alternatives available for low power generation at wellsites. This paper will also show how a gas-fired generator fits into the mix, and why a Stirling cycle generator was selected for testing. The Stirling cycle will be briefly described, followed by the design for power storage and fuel gas supply for the Wyoming installations. The results from both SCADA and well-pumping applications will be provided, along with the overall conclusions from the test.
Development of the Adriatic LNG Terminal Deep Casting Basin Construction Site
Authors: Wesselink Bryan , Tokyay Bora 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The world's first bottom-founded offshore liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage and regasification terminal is under development by affiliates of Qatar Terminal Limited, ExxonMobil, and Edison for installation in the Northern Adriatic, 15 km east of Porto Levante, Italy. This paper will describe the unique challenges faced and effort undertaken to locate and transform a casting basin to a world-class construction and integration site, including removal of the earthen wall prior to tow-out of the terminal.
The concrete gravity-based structure (GBS) terminal enclosing two 125,000-m3 LNG tanks and supporting 8 GSCM regasification facilities will measure 180 m by 88 m and be located in 29 m of water. These dimensions, as well as proximity to Porto Levante, led to selection of the casting basin in the Spanish Bay of Algeciras as the construction and integration site. The site is under development by the Algeciras Port Authority for use as a container port, and therefore did not have the infrastructure needed to build the terminal. This paper will provide the basis for how parameters such as size, depth, layout, water and electricity supply, accessibility, dredging requirements, lease requirements, availability of workforce, and capacity for growth were established to result in an effective construction and integration site. Some of the execution technologies used for this terminal, such as removal of the earthen wall, installation of regasification facilities, and installation of the LNG tanks will also be described.
The conclusions drawn in this paper can be utilized for upgrading of an existing construction site, or development of a Greenfield site into an effective facility for future GBSs, floating structures, or large-scale construction and integration projects.
Leak Detection in Subsea Pipeline: A Mechanistic Modeling Approach With Fixed Pressure Boundaries
Authors: Gajbhiye R. N. , Kam S. I. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThis study shows how a subsea pipeline leak can be modeled in a mechanistic way. Special attention is paid to the implication of fixed-pressure boundary conditions at both upstream and downstream locations, which is relevant to the way the majority of field operations are actually performed. The use of fixed-pressure boundary conditions leaves the change in inlet total flow rate (Δqtin) and the change in outlet total flow rate (Δqtout) as two possible leak-detection indicators that can be monitored on a realtime basis. The two-phase flow of gas and oil mixtures in subsea pipelines is analyzed by using Beggs and Brill's correlations. The effect of different parameters on the mechanistic leak-detection modeling is also investigated, accounting for gas compressibility, backpressure of the system, pressure drop across the system, and gas/oil fraction at the leak.Also presented in this study is a new method to predict the change in inlet or outlet total flow rates (Δqtin or (Δqtout) in a form of contours with dimensionless leak opening size (dleak/D) and dimensionless leak position (xleak/L) in x and y axes. This new style of reporting leak-detection indicators is believed to provide a convenient means to improve data interpretation in actual field practice and laboratory tests.
Energy-Efficient Operation of Gas Export Systems
Authors: Nørstebø V. S. , Bakken L. E. , Dahl H. J. 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The gas transport system on the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) consists of 7800 km of pipelines and is the largest offshore network of its kind in the world. Natural gas is processed at treatment plants in Norway, and dry gas is exported through pipelines to customers in the UK and continental Europe. These customers have the opportunity to make varying gas delivery nominations, and meeting such sales gas commitments is important.
A major challenge is to operate the network at minimum cost, with minimum environmental emissions, fulfilling variations in contractual nominations and maintaining a sufficient pipeline inventory* to provide operational flexibility.
Optimum pipeline inventory and optimum operation of export compressors have been analyzed in earlier studies.
The scope of the work presented in this paper is to establish a model for optimum operation of a gas export system, including customer nominations and operation of pipelines and compressor stations. That implies improving system energy efficiency, reducing environmental emissions, and maintaining sufficient availability and export deliverability.† The model will provide guidelines which will be implemented in planning and operation of the gas export system.
This model is based on analyzes of operational data from the gas export system on the NCS. The data are analyzed using statistical and simulation software.
The paper describes the established model for optimum operation of the system, where specific power consumption is minimized. A case study which illustrates the use of the model is also presented. Furthermore, the paper reports on a cost-benefit analysis based on the established model.
Comparison of Glycemic Variability Associated With Insulin Glargine and Intermediate-Acting Insulin When Used as the Basal Component of Multiple Daily Injections for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: White Neil H. , Chase H. Peter , Arslanian Silva , Tamborlane William V. ,   for the 4030 Study Group
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE—To compare the glucose variability associated with insulin glargine and NPH/Lente insulin used as the basal insulin component of a multiple daily injection (MDI) regimen in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Continuous glucose monitoring data were collected from a subset of patients (n = 90) who agreed to use a continuous glucose monitoring system during an active-controlled, randomized, open-label study evaluating the safety and efficacy of insulin glargine and NPH/Lente insulin used with insulin lispro as part of an MDI regimen.
RESULTS—Treatment with insulin glargine resulted in significant reductions in glucose variability as measured by the SD of glucose values (adjusted mean change from baseline to week 24: −13.4 mg/dl [−0.74 mmol/l]; P ≤ 0.05), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (−34.4 mg/dl [−1.91 mmol/l]; P ≤ 0.0001), and M value (−9.6 mg/dl [−0.53 mmol/l]; P ≤ 0.03). The corresponding reductions in glucose variability for NPH/Lente were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS—Insulin glargine is associated with greater reductions in glucose variability than NPH/Lente insulin in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.