bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal meta-learning through meta-learned task representations
Authors: Vettoruzzo Anna , Bouguelia Mohamed-Rafik , Rögnvaldsson Thorsteinn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFew-shot meta-learning involves training a model on multiple tasks to enable it to efficiently adapt to new, previously unseen tasks with only a limited number of samples. However, current meta-learning methods assume that all tasks are closely related and belong to a common domain, whereas in practice, tasks can be highly diverse and originate from multiple domains, resulting in a multimodal task distribution. This poses a challenge for existing methods as they struggle to learn a shared representation that can be easily adapted to all tasks within the distribution. To address this challenge, we propose a meta-learning framework that can handle multimodal task distributions by conditioning the model on the current task, resulting in a faster adaptation. Our proposed method learns to encode each task and generate task embeddings that modulate the model’s activations. The resulting modulated model become specialized for the current task and leads to more effective adaptation. Our framework is designed to work in a realistic setting where the mode from which a task is sampled is unknown. Nonetheless, we also explore the possibility of incorporating auxiliary information, such as the task-mode-label, to further enhance the performance of our method if such information is available. We evaluate our proposed framework on various few-shot regression and image classification tasks, demonstrating its superiority over other state-of-the-art meta-learning methods. The results highlight the benefits of learning to embed task-specific information in the model to guide the adaptation when tasks are sampled from a multimodal distribution.
Biosensor for ATP detection via aptamer-modified PDA@POSS nanoparticles synthesized in a microfluidic reactor
Authors: Kibar Güneş , Şahinoğlu O. Berkay , Kılınçlı Betül , Erdem E. Yegan , Çetin Barbaros , Özalp V. Cengiz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study introduces aptamer-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection where the POSS nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-step, continuous flow microfluidic reactor utilizing thermal polymerization. A microemulsion containing POSS monomers was generated in the microfluidic reactor which was designed to prevent clogging by using a continuous oil flow around the emulsion during thermal polymerization. Surfaces of POSS nanoparticles were biomimetically modified by polydopamine. The aptamer sequence for ATP was successfully attached to POSS nanoparticles. The aptamer-modified POSS nanoparticles were tested for affinity-based biosensor applications using ATP as a model molecule. The nanoparticles were able to capture ATP molecules successfully with an affinity constant of 46.5 $$\upmu $$
μ
M. Based on this result, it was shown, for the first time, that microfluidic synthesis of POSS nanoparticles can be utilized in designing aptamer-functionalized nanosystems for biosensor applications. The integration of POSS in biosensing technologies not only exemplifies the versatility and efficacy of these nanoparticles but also marks a significant contribution to the field of biorecognition and sample preparation.
Mechanical characteristics of glioblastoma and peritumoral tumor-free human brain tissue
Authors: Kren Jessica , Skambath Isabelle , Kuppler Patrick , Buschschlüter Steffen , Detrez Nicolas , Burhan Sazgar , Huber Robert , Brinkmann Ralf , Bonsanto Matteo Mario 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis of brain tumor is a serious event for the affected patient. Surgical resection is a crucial part in the treatment of brain tumors. However, the distinction between tumor and brain tissue can be difficult, even for experienced neurosurgeons. This is especially true in the case of gliomas. In this project we examined whether the biomechanical parameters elasticity and stress relaxation behavior are suitable as additional differentiation criteria between tumorous (glioblastoma multiforme; glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype; GBM) and non-tumorous, peritumoral tissue.

Methods
Indentation measurements were used to examine non-tumorous human brain tissue and GBM samples for the biomechanical properties of elasticity and stress-relaxation behavior. The results of these measurements were then used in a classification algorithm (Logistic Regression) to distinguish between tumor and non-tumor.

Results
Differences could be found in elasticity spread and relaxation behavior between tumorous and non-tumorous tissue. Classification was successful with a sensitivity/recall of 83% (sd = 12%) and a precision of 85% (sd = 9%) for detecting tumorous tissue.

Conclusion
The findings imply that the data on mechanical characteristics, with particular attention to stress relaxation behavior, can serve as an extra element in differentiating tumorous brain tissue from non-tumorous brain tissue.
The effect of nano silver fluoride, self-assembling peptide and sodium fluoride varnish on salivary cariogenic bacteria: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Atteya Sara M. , Amer Hala A. , Saleh Susan M. , Safwat Yara 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the antibacterial effect of Nanosilver Fluoride varnish (NSF) varnish, P11-4 and Sodium Fluoride (NaF) varnish against salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacilli.

Methods
66 patients aged 10–24 years old were randomly assigned to receive single application of NSF, P11-4 or NaF varnish. Baseline unstimulated saliva samples were collected before the agents were applied and S.mutans and Lactobacilli colony forming units (CFU) were counted. After one, three and six months, microbiological samples were re-assessed. Groups were compared at each time point and changes across time were assessed. Multivariable linear regression compared the effect of P11-4 and NSF to NaF on salivary S. mutans and Lactobacilli log count at various follow up periods.

Results
There was a significant difference in salivary S. mutans log count after 1 month between P11-4 (B= -1.29, p = 0.049) and NaF but not at other time points nor between NSF and NaF at any time point. The significant reduction in bacterial counts lasted up to one month in all groups, to three months after using P11-4 and NaF and returned to baseline values after six months.

Conclusion
In general, the antimicrobial effect of P11-4 and NSF on salivary S. mutans and Lactobacilli was not significantly different from NaF varnish. P11-4 induced greater reduction more quickly than the two other agents and NSF antibacterial effect was lost after one month.

Clinical relevance
NSF varnish and P11-4 have antimicrobial activity that does not significantly differ from NaF by 3 months. P11-4 has the greatest antibacterial effect after one month with sustained effect till 3 months. The antibacterial effect of NSF lasts for one month. NaF remains effective till 3 months.

Trial Registration
This trial was prospectively registered on the clinicaltrials.gov registry with ID: NCT04929509 on 18/6/2021.
Available and unavailable decoys in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) decision-making
Authors: Marini Marco , Colaiuda Edoardo , Gastaldi Serena , Addessi Elsa , Paglieri Fabio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Decision-making has been observed to be systematically affected by decoys, i.e., options that should be irrelevant, either because unavailable or because manifestly inferior to other alternatives, and yet shift preferences towards their target. Decoy effects have been extensively studied both in humans and in several other species; however, evidence in non-human primates remains scant and inconclusive. To address this gap, this study investigates how choices in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) are affected by different types of decoys: asymmetrically dominated decoys, i.e., available and unavailable options that are inferior to only one of the other alternatives, and phantom decoys, i.e., unavailable options that are superior to another available alternative. After controlling for the subjective strength of initial preferences and the distance of each decoy from its target in attribute space, results demonstrate a systematic shift in capuchins’ preference towards the target of both asymmetrically dominated decoys (whether they are available or not) and phantom decoys, regardless of what options is being targeted by such decoys. This provides the most comprehensive evidence to date of decoy effects in non-human primates, with important theoretical and methodological implications for future comparative studies on context effects in decision-making.
Identifying definite patterns of unmet needs in patients with multiple sclerosis using unsupervised machine learning
Authors: Maida Elisabetta , Abbadessa Gianmarco , Cocco Eleonora , Valentino Paola , Lerede Annalaura , Frau Jessica , Miele Giuseppina , Bile Floriana , Vercellino Marco , Patti Francesco , Borriello Giovanna , Cavalla Paola , Sparaco Maddalena , Lavorgna Luigi , Bonavita Simona 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) exhibit a spectrum of needs that extend beyond solely disease-related determinants. Investigating unmet needs from the patient perspective may address daily difficulties and optimize care. Our aim was to identify patterns of unmet needs among PwMS and their determinants.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional multicentre study. Data were collected through an anonymous, self-administered online form. To cluster PwMS according to their main unmet needs, we performed agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to visualize cluster distribution. Pairwise comparisons were used to evaluate demographics and clinical distribution among clusters.

Results
Out of 1764 mailed questionnaires, we received 690 responses. Access to primary care was the main contributor to the overall unmet need burden. Four patterns were identified: cluster C1, ‘information-seekers with few unmet needs’; cluster C2, ‘high unmet needs’; cluster C3, ‘socially and assistance-dependent’; cluster C4, ‘self-sufficient with few unmet needs’. PCA identified two main components in determining the patterns: the ‘public sphere’ (access to information and care) and the ‘private sphere’ (need for assistance and social life). Older age, lower education, longer disease duration and higher disability characterized clusters with more unmet needs in the private sphere. However, demographic and clinical factors failed in explaining the four identified patterns.

Conclusion
Our study identified four unmet need patterns among PwMS, emphasizing the importance of personalized care. While clinical and demographic factors provide some insight, additional variables warrant further investigation to fully understand unmet needs in PwMS.
Clinical evaluation of posterior flowable short fiber-reinforced composite restorations without proximal surface coverage
Authors: ElAziz Rawda H. Abd , ElAziz Sherifa A. Abd , ElAziz Possy M. Abd , Frater Mark , Vallittu Pekka K. , Lassila Lippo , Garoushi Sufyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this clinical trail was to assess the clinical behavior of posterior composite restorations supported by a substantial foundation of flowable short fiber-reinforced composite SFRC (everX Flow, GC, Japan) used without proximal surface coverage with particulate filler resin composite (PFC). Seventy patients (20 males, 50 females; mean age: 30 ± 10 years) were randomly enrolled in this trial. Patients received direct restorations of either SFRC covered only on the occlusal surface (1–2 mm) by conventional PFC composite (G-ænial Posterior, GC), or plain conventional PFC composite without fiber-reinforcement, in Class II cavities in premolar and molar vital teeth. One operator made all restorations using one-step, self-etch bonding agent (G-ænial Bond, GC) according to manufacturers’ recommendations. Two blinded trained operators evaluated the restorations at baseline, at 6, 12 and 18 months using modified USPHS criteria. Results indicated that, in both groups and at different follow-up intervals, according to evaluated criteria, restorations were rated mostly with best score (Alpha) (p > 0.05). For the marginal integrity after 6 months, a single case in the intervention [increased to 3 (8.8%) after 18 months] and 3 (9.7%) cases of the control group [increased to 4 (12.9%) after 18 months] had Bravo score but with no significant difference (p > 0.05). For color match measured after 6 and 18 months, three (8.8%) cases had Bravo score in the intervention group. The use of flowable SFRC composite without any PFC surface coverage proximally in Class II restorations demonstrated satisfactory clinical outcome throughout the 18-month follow-up.
The relevance of the superior cervical ganglion for cardiac autonomic innervation in health and disease: a systematic review
Authors: Chen H. Sophia , van Roon Lieke , Ge Yang , van Gils Janine M. , Schoones Jan W. , DeRuiter Marco C. , Zeppenfeld Katja , Jongbloed Monique R. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The heart receives cervical and thoracic sympathetic contributions. Although the stellate ganglion is considered the main contributor to cardiac sympathetic innervation, the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) is used in many experimental studies. The clinical relevance of the SCG to cardiac innervation is controversial. We investigated current morphological and functional evidence as well as controversies on the contribution of the SCG to cardiac innervation.

Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and COCHRANE Library. Included studies received a full/text review and quality appraisal.

Results
Seventy-six eligible studies performed between 1976 and 2023 were identified. In all species studied, morphological evidence of direct or indirect SCG contribution to cardiac innervation was found, but its contribution was limited. Morphologically, SCG sidedness may be relevant. There is indirect functional evidence that the SCG contributes to cardiac innervation as shown by its involvement in sympathetic overdrive reactions in cardiac disease states. A direct functional contribution was not found. Functional data on SCG sidedness was largely unavailable. Information about sex differences and pre- and postnatal differences was lacking.

Conclusion
Current literature mainly supports an indirect involvement of the SCG in cardiac innervation, via other structures and plexuses or via sympathetic overdrive in response to cardiac diseases. Morphological evidence of a direct involvement was found, but its contribution seems limited. The relevance of SCG sidedness, sex, and developmental stage in health and disease remains unclear and warrants further exploration.

Graphical abstract
An overview of the current literature derived from morphological and functional data on the involvement of SCG in cardiac innervation, relevance of sidedness, sex differences, and pre- and postnatal differences in various species. X = Information not available
A comprehensive investigation of geoenvironmental pollution and health effects from municipal solid waste landfills
Authors: Podlasek Anna , Vaverková Magdalena Daria , Jakimiuk Aleksandra , Koda Eugeniusz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates human health risks associated with heavy metals (HMs) occurrence in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. For testing of selected MSW landfills steps were involved, including site characterization, soil sampling and chemical testing, statistical analysis, as well as health risk assessment, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects. For the Polish landfill (Radiowo) the average HMs concentrations were found in the following order: Zn (52.74 mg/kg DM) > Pb (28.32 mg/kg DM) > Cu (12.14 mg/kg DM) > Ni (4.50 mg/kg DM) > Cd (3.49 mg/kg DM), while for the Czech landfill (Zdounky): Zn (32.05 mg/kg DM) > Cu (14.73 mg/kg DM) > Ni (4.73 mg/kg DM) > Pb (0.10 mg/kg DM) = Cd (0.10 mg/kg DM). Strong positive correlations between selected HMs demonstrated identical origins. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed for the Radiowo landfill transferred the soil parameters into three principal components (PCs), accounting for 87.12% of the total variance. The results of the PCA analysis for the Zdounky landfill revealed three PCs responsible for 95.16% of the total variance. The exposure pathways of HMs for landfills were in the following order: ingestion > dermal absorption > inhalation. For both landfills, the values of hazard quotient were lower than 1, indicating no potential negative health effects. In terms of the hazard index (HI), for both landfills, no adverse human health effects occur (HI < 1). The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values indicated negligible or acceptable carcinogenic risk of HMs (average ILCR in the range from 5.01E−10 to 5.19E−06).
Investigating the walkability of primary, secondary and K-12 schools across metropolitan Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Gannett Anna , Hooper Paula , Saunders Julie , Trapp Gina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHaving a walkable built environment is important to encourage active school transport. The aim of this study was to measure the walkability of all Perth, Western Australia (WA) schools and investigate whether differences in walkability exist by school type, socioeconomic status (SES) and/or subregion. Geographic Information Systems technology was used to measure walkability (i.e., traffic exposure and pedestrian connectivity) surrounding all Perth schools (n = 651) in 2021. Walkability scores and their individual components were compared using odds ratios and one-way ANOVAs with post-hoc comparisons by school type (primary, secondary and K-12; government and non-government), school SES and subregion. The majority of Perth schools (73.8%) were below the WA Planning Commission’s target for a walkable catchment area. Neighbourhoods surrounding high SES schools were significantly more walkable than neighbourhoods surrounding medium and low SES schools (mean walkability scores: 12.4, 10.5, 10.1, respectively, p < .001). Neighbourhoods surrounding schools located in the Central subregion (mean 12.3) were significantly more walkable than neighbourhoods surrounding schools located in the North-West (mean 11.0, p = .024), South Metropolitan (mean 10.0, p < .001) and North-East (mean 8.4, p < .001) subregions. No significant differences in walkability index scores were found for school type. This study found a large proportion of Perth schools were surrounded by disconnected street networks and that neighbourhoods surrounding high SES schools were, on average, more walkable than neighbourhoods surrounding medium and low SES schools. The results highlight the importance of modifying the built environment to increase opportunities for active school transport, particularly in low and medium socio-economic areas.
An embedded TensorFlow lite model for classification of chip images with respect to chip morphology depending on varying feed
Authors: Özçevik Yusuf , Sönmez Fikret 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Turning is one of the fundamental machining processes used to produce superior machine parts. It is critical to manage the machining conditions to maintain the desired properties of the final product. Chip morphology and chip control are crucial factors to be monitored. In particular, the selection of an appropriate feed has one of the most significant effects. On the other hand, machine learning is an advanced approach that is continuously evolving and helping many industries. Moreover, mobile applications with learning models have been deployed in the field, recently. Taking these motivations into account, in this study, we propose a practical mobile application that includes an embedded learning model to provide chip classification based on chip morphology. For this purpose, a dataset of chips with different morphological properties is obtained and manually labeled according to ISO 3685 standards by using 20 different feeds on AISI 4140 material. Accordingly, TensorFlow Lite is used to train a learning model, and the model is embedded into a real-time Android mobile application. Eventually, the final software is evaluated through experiments conducted on the dataset and in the field, respectively. According to the evaluation results, it can be stated that the learning model is able to predict chip morphology with a test accuracy of 85.4%. Moreover, the findings obtained from the real-time mobile application satisfy the success rate by practical usage. As a result, it can be concluded that such attempts can be utilized in the turning process to adjust the relevant feed conditions.
Effect of Ag-doping process into the yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) thin films on the structural, magnetic and optical properties
Authors: Demiryürek Nazan , Akyol Mustafa , Karadağ Faruk , Ekicibil Ahmet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, the effect of Ag doping process (directly and as a nanoparticle) into the Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) thin films on the structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties was studied in detail. Ag-doped YIG thin films were grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates by following sol–gel and spin-coating methods. All films were crystallized without cracks by two-stages heat treatment process. The XRD patterns confirm the formation of YIG peaks, and metallic Ag peaks which settled into the structure without bonding with the YIG components. In both Ag doping processes, the coercive field (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) values of the samples containing 3% Ag are significantly lower than the other samples. The Ms values of 5% Ag doped samples were found the highest in both series. The Ms values of the films between in-plane and out-of-plane measurement increased with the Ag concentration. The optical measurements indicate an absorption peak in the range of 0–4 eV in both sample series and the optical band gap of the films decreased with the Ag doping due to its metallic characteristic. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements indicate that the lowest FMR linewidth as 92 Oe is seen in the 1% Ag-doped YIG sample. The relatively cheap and easy production of the used method and additive material may enable the widespread the usage of Ag-doped YIG thin films in magneto-optical devices.
Life in Suspension with Death: Biocultural Ontologies, Perceptual Cues, and Biomarkers for the Tibetan Tukdam Postmortem Meditative State
Authors: Tidwell Tawni L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article presents two cases from a collaborative study among Tibetan monastic populations in India on the postdeath meditative state called tukdam (thugs dam). Entered by advanced Tibetan Buddhist practitioners through a variety of different practices, this state provides an ontological frame that is investigated by two distinct intellectual traditions—the Tibetan Buddhist and medical tradition on one hand and the Euroamerican biomedical and scientific tradition on the other—using their respective means of inquiry. Through the investigation, the traditions
enact two paradigms of the body at the time of death alongside attendant conceptualizations of what constitutes life itself. This work examines when epistemologies of these two traditions might converge, under what ontological contexts, and through which correlated indicators of evidence. In doing so, this work explores how these two intellectual traditions might answer how the time course and characteristics of physiological changes during the postmortem period might exhibit variation across individuals. Centrally, this piece presents an epistemological
inquiry delineating the types of valid evidence that constitute exceptional processes post-clinical death and their potential ontological implications.