bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mean performance of gynoecious cucumber hybrids in sub-tropical climate of eastern India
Authors: Kumari Amrita , Kumar Randhir , Bhardwaj Ajay , Tripathi Vishal 
Published: March 2024

A field study was conducted in zaid season of 2019 to investigate the mean performance of 27 diverse genotypes (5 parents, 20 F1 crosses and 2 standard checks) of cucumber for earliness, growth and yield attributing traits following full diallel mating design by utilizing two gynoecious lines, two monoecious lines and one parthenocarpic gynoecious line. Analysis of variance in randomized block design suggested that there were significant differences among the genotypes for 10 quantitative traits out of 13 traits used in the study. Results showed that gynoecious hybrids (involving both gynoecious parents) expressed earliness for flowering and fruiting, i.e., took minimum days to first female flower anthesis, node to first female flower, and days to first fruit harvest. The result of the present study showed that hybrid BRPCU-8 × BRGCU-4 was found to be better for earliness related traits viz., days to first flowering, first fruit harvest, and node to first female flower. Hybrid BRCU-10 × BRCU-1 was the better performer for fruit morphological traits viz., fruit length, fruits per plant, average fruit weight and yield-related traits; hybrid BRCU-1 × BRPCU-8 was superior for vegetative growth traits, namely crop duration and vine length. Monoecious cucumber hybrids involving both monoecious parents such as Punjab Naveen × BRCU-1 outperformed gynoecious hybrids involving gynoecious parents for growth characteristics such as vine length and crop duration. Overall, hybrid BRGCU-10 × BRCU-1 was observed as the best genotype.
Potential Molds and Bacterial Species Associated with Deterioration of Sweet potatoes in Kebbi State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Naka Keta Jibrin , Abubakar Usman 
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to assess the types of microorganisms associated with two different varieties of sweet potatoes yellow skin with white flesh and white skin with yellow flesh cultivated in Kebbi. The analysis of microorganisms was done using the pour plate method. Two L.G.A and three collection points from each L.G.A were selected and sampled. Eight bacteria and five fungal species were isolated and identified from the two varieties of sweet potatoes. Bacterial species identified were; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., E. coli, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., L. monocytogens, Klebsiella spp., and Erwinia spp., while fungal species isolates are Aspergillus spp., Mucor recemosus, Rhizopus spp., Fusarium oxysporium, and Penicillum spp., in both samples. Results revealed that yellow skin with white flesh sweet potato from Gumben kure had the highest bacterial load 7.2 x 104 cfu/ml. The lowest bacterial load obtained from yellow skin with white-fleshed variety in Gwadangwaji 3.2 x 104cfu/ml. The highest fungal load spore in yellow skin with white-fleshed sweet potato 2.0 x 104sfu/ml was obtained from Kardi and the lowest fungal spores observed in Gulumbe white skin with yellow flesh variety 4.0 x 104sfu/ml. The pathogen city test results revealed that all microorganisms isolated in this research showed varying degrees of tubers rot with Rhizopus spp., had highest and bacterial ranged from 4.0 to 2.0 depths (cm). In conclusion, the presence of these microorganisms isolated and identified from two varieties of sweet potato showed that these species are responsible for these tubers' spoilage in the study area
Seedling age, nitrogen fertilizer, and seed storage time affect the seed germination of rice varieties in Nigeria
Authors: Lile Nda Simon 
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seedling age and nitrogen (N) fertilizer (urea) rates on germination with the storage of two rice varieties. With four replications, the trial was set up as a split-split plot design. The key factor in trial was two rice varieties the subplot factor was four seedling ages (7, 14, 21, and 28 days), and the sub-sub plot factor was five inorganic N fertilizer rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha-1). The highest germination rate was found in seedlings that were seven days old and had not been fertilized with nitrogen. All the treatments, germination decreased with storage but germination was better at one and two months of storage. With the application of 0 kg – 60 kg N ha-1 to seven days old rice seedlings, seeds stored at one and two months gave a non-significant higher germination.
Emerging and Existing Major Leaf Diseases of Hevea brasiliensis in Malaysia
Authors: Syed Sagaff Sharifah Aliya , Syd Ali Nusaibah , Mohmad Mahyudin Murnita , Wong Mui Yun , Yusop Mohd Raffi 
Published: March 2024

Hevea brasiliensis, or rubber tree, is the primary source of natural rubber, and second major commodity crop in Malaysia after oil palm. It is known that rubber trees are prone to a wide range of foliar diseases, resulting in significant yield losses. To date, a new emerging severe leaf disease epidemic tentatively termed as Pestalotiopsis secondary leaf fall was identified affecting many rubber plantations in rubber producing countries. In addition, five major leaf diseases that have been conclusively identified affecting rubber plantations nation-wide in Malaysia were also reviewed in this paper. These leaf diseases include secondary leaf falls of Oidium, Colletotrichum, and Corynespora, as well as Fusicoccum leaf blight and Phytophthora abnormal leaf fall. In general, this present paper reviews the recent epidemic and the major leaf diseases by focusing on causal pathogens, symptoms and its effects on rubber plantations. Information presented in this review would be useful in planning and initiating better control measures for rubber growing regions in an attempt to reduce or even prevent losses of latex yield.
The RELATIVE CLAUSE AND ITS TRANSLATION FOUND IN THE “HOUSEBOY AND MAID”
Authors: I Made Juliarta  
Published: March 2024

This research study focuses on English relative clauses and their translations into Indonesian found in the “Houseboy and Maid”. This study aims at finding out the types of English relative clauses found in the story “Houseboy and Maid” and the types of shifts occured in the translation process. The analysis used the theory of relative clauses that is proposed by Quirk (1985), Sneddon (1996) and the theory of translation shift proposed by Catford (1965). The process of collecting data is started by reading the entire data source in order to understand the story and observe the possibility of the data source that can be taken from the story “Houseboy and Maid”. The method of collecting data is firstly, the data source is read to find out the types of English relative clauses. This research study indicates that there are two types of English relative clauses found in the story “Houseboy and Maid”, they are: Restrictive relative clause and non-restrictive relative clause. There are some types of relative clauses found in the data source. First, it can be seen that the types of English relative clauses found in the data sources are restrictive relative clause as subject, restrictive relative clause as object, restrictive relative clause as prepositional object, non-restrictive relative clause as subject, and non-restrictive relative clause as object. Secondly, the types of translation shifts that are found in the novel are as follows: structure shifts, level shifts, and unit shifts. This study intends to: (i) analyze the types of relative clauses and its constituent structure found in the data source, (ii) analyze the types of translation shifts of relative clause in the translation process from source language into target language.
Accuracy of augmented reality-guided needle placement for pulsed radiofrequency treatment of pudendal neuralgia: a pilot study on a phantom model
Authors: Boogaard Lars L. , Notten Kim , Kluivers Kirsten , Van der Wal Selina , Maal Thomas J. J. , Verhamme Luc 
Published: March 2024

Background
Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a chronic neuropathy that causes pain, numbness, and dysfunction in the pelvic region. The current state-of-the-art treatment is pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in which a needle is supposed to be placed close to the pudendal nerve for neuromodulation. Given the effective range of PRF of 5 mm, the accuracy of needle placement is important. This study aimed to investigate the potential of augmented reality guidance for improving the accuracy of needle placement in pulsed radiofrequency treatment for pudendal neuralgia.

Methods
In this pilot study, eight subjects performed needle placements onto an in-house developed phantom model of the pelvis using AR guidance. AR guidance is provided using an in-house developed application on the HoloLens 2. The accuracy of needle placement was calculated based on the virtual 3D models of the needle and targeted phantom nerve, derived from CBCT scans.

Results
The median Euclidean distance between the tip of the needle and the target is found to be 4.37 (IQR 5.16) mm, the median lateral distance is 3.25 (IQR 4.62) mm and the median depth distance is 1.94 (IQR 7.07) mm.

Conclusion
In this study, the first method is described in which the accuracy of patient-specific needle placement using AR guidance is determined. This method could potentially improve the accuracy of PRF needle placement for pudendal neuralgia, resulting in improved treatment outcomes.
Association between visfatin and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yaoqin , Xin Caihong , Xie Jing , Sun Xin 
Published: March 2024

Background
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection in the periodontal support tissue. Visfatin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes and macrophages, plays an important role in immune regulation and defense. Although studies have indicated that patients with periodontitis have significantly high serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of visfatin, the relationship between this adipocytokine and periodontal disease remains unclear.

Aim
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the association between visfatin levels and periodontitis.

Methods
The PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Wiley Online Library databases were searched for potential studies, using “periodontitis” and “visfatin” as the keywords in the title and abstract search fields. Standardized mean difference (SMD) values with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined from the results of this meta-analysis.

Results
In total, 22 articles involving 456 patients with periodontitis and 394 healthy individuals (controls) were included in the meta-analysis. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than in the healthy individuals (SMD: 3.82, 95% CI [3.01–4.63]). Moreover, the visfatin levels were significantly lowered after periodontitis treatment (SMD: −2.29, 95% CI [−3.33 to −1.26]).

Conclusion
This first-ever meta-analysis comparing visfatin levels between patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals suggests that this adipocytokine can be a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for periodontal disease.
Study on Variability and Character Association Analysis in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Deshmukh Vaishnavi Vilasrao , Masih Sam A. , Yadav Krishan Kumar , Maxton Ann 
Published: March 2024

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a legume crop belonging to the family Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Therefore, a better insight to the association of yield with its component traits can be helpful in improving the chickpea yield. The present study was conducted with 25 chickpea genotype to understand the magnitude of variability, heritability, genetic advance and the association of various yield components and their direct and indirect effect on yield of chickpea based on twelve traits at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during October–January 2022. ANOVA revealed significant variation existed for most of the trait. High GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance recorded by harvest index, seed yield, number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod. Seed yield per plant shows highly significant and positive association with harvest index, number of pod per plant. Harvest index number of pod per plant and biological yield per plant showed highest direct effect on seed yield per plant.
Chemical Facility Security
Authors: Berger Scott 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The security of chemical and petroleum facilities has been an important topic since the chemical industry has been in existence. Security measures are necessary to prevent theft of valuable equipment, products, and intellectual property; prevent theft or diversion of materials for nefarious purposes; to prevent contamination or spoilage of product; and prevent catastrophic fires, explosions and toxic releases whether committed intentionally or as an accident or in the pursuit of another aim. There is no standard set of security measures to protect a facility. Instead it is necessary to follow a multistep Security Vulnerability Analysis (SVA). This article details these steps which include the following considerations: motivation of the attacker (terrorist or nonterrorist); attacker goals and strategies; attacker tactics; exploitable consequences, security vulnerability and countermeasures; and review and continual improvement. Once the possible threats have been analyzed, security countermeasures are implemented in a four‐tier approach; deterrence; detection; delay; and response. Long‐term security management is discussed.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Authors: Modarres Mohammed 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Risk can be categorized on the basis of the causes of risk or the nature of loss (consequences) or both. Risk is the potential for loss. Such a loss can be ultimately measured in economic terms, and thus, risk can be viewed as a potential economic loss. However, a more appropriate categorization is based on five broad categories that account for potential losses. These risk categories are Health, Safety, Security, Financial, and Environmental.

Definition of Risk

Categories of Risk

Applications of Risk Analysis

Probabilistic Approach to Risk

Steps in Conducting A
PRA
Morphology
Authors: Bassett D. C. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Polymer morphology contains a uniquely detailed record of the history of a polymeric material, notably its crystallization and deformation, and has been the key to understanding the fundamental aspects of such behavior. Early understanding of chainfolded solution‐grown lamellae has now been extended to melt‐crystallized polymers with their characteristic spherulitic textures. Spherulites form because adjacent individual dominant lamellae branch repetitively then diverge from the branch points. The divergence is due to repulsion by (mostly transient) cilia supplemented, for faster growth, by the nonparallel packing of initially rough surfaces. The speed of growth has a major influence on crystallization. When it is slow, fold surface packing has time to optimize with minimal surface stress. For more typical faster growth, fold surfaces form rough and stressed leading, in tightly packed structures such as polyethylene, to twisted growth. The intrinsically different lamellar populations within spherulites, forming in different environments at different times produce an inherent, spatially varying, spread of properties. This is true of the final processed product as well as the starting material because the initial transverse sperulitic morphology is retained on drawing to very high extensions.
Electrospinning
Authors: Yu Jian H. , Rutledge Gregory C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractElectrostatic fiber spinning or “electrospinning,” employs electrostatic forces to eject a charged fluid jet from a nozzle to make a fiber. Generally, the fiber is laid down on a collector to form a nonwoven mat. Electrospinning is also directly related to a well‐established process called electrospraying, in which tiny droplets are obtained instead of fibers. Almost any material that can be spun from melt or solution by conventional methods can be electrospun into fibers. This article details the electrospinning process. Theoretical background information is also supplied. Electrospinning devices come in different shapes and sizes and these are described. The dynamics of electrospinning are complex. A general guide to the effects of fiber properties and processing parameters on fiber diameter is given. Electrospun products include tissue scaffolds, inorganic nanofibers for catalysis, carbon nanofibers, composite fibers, and mats.
Corrosion mechanism of electrodes in ohmic cooking
Authors: Liu Zhenmin , Jayasinghe Sisira , Gao Wei , Farid Mohammed M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDifferent types of bulk and coating materials, including Ag, TiN, ZrN, Ni(P) and Ni(P)‐PTFE, have been used as the electrodes for combined ohmic and plate‐cooking of solid food (meat patties). The plates of the grill are electrically heated, but are also connected to a power supply to act as two electrodes, which pass an electrical current through the meat patty placed between them. It was found that complex corrosion phenomena of different levels took place on most of the metallic and coated electrodes because of the strong electrochemical and Faradaic reactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX were used to analyze the corrosion mechanism. On the basis of the experimental results, a physical model is introduced to explain the corrosion mechanism under the ohmic cooking conditions. Suggestions for electrodes selection and proper operating conditions are also recommended. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(L‐lactide) biodegradable diblock copolyesters: Effect of the block lengths on their thermal properties
Authors: Niamsa Noi , Baimark Yodthong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(L‐lactide) [P(LL‐co‐CL)‐b‐PLL] diblock copolyesters were synthesized in a two‐step process with 1‐dodecanol (DDC) and stannous octoate as the initiating system. In the first‐step reaction, a 50:50 mol % amorphous poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) [P(LL‐co‐CL)] copolyester was synthesized via the bulk copolymerization of L‐lactide and ε‐caprolactone, which was followed by the polymerization of the PLL crystalline block at the end chain in the second‐step reaction. The yielded copolyesters were characterized with dilute‐solution viscometry, gel permeation chromatography, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The molecular weights of the P(LL‐co‐CL) copolyesters from the first‐step reaction were controlled by the DDC concentrations, whereas in the second‐step reaction, the molecular weights of the P(LL‐co‐CL)‐b‐PLL diblock copolyesters depended on the starting P(LL‐co‐CL) copolyester molecular weights and L‐lactide/prepolymer molar ratios. The starting P(LL‐co‐CL) copolyester molecular weights and PLL block lengths seemed to be the main factors affecting specific thermal properties, including the melting temperature (Tm), heat of melting (ΔHm), crystallizing temperature (Tc), and heat of crystallizing (ΔHc), of the final P(LL‐co‐CL)‐b‐PLL diblock copolyester products. Tm, ΔHm, Tc, and ΔHc increased when the PLL block lengths increased. However, these thermal properties of the diblock copolyesters also decreased when the P(LL‐co‐CL) block lengths increased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Comparative proteome analysis of the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane of day 11.5 cultured rat embryos
Authors: Usami Makoto , Mitsunaga Katsuyoshi , Nakazawa Ken 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Proteomic analysis of cultured postimplantation rat embryos is expected to be useful for investigation into embryonic development. Here we analyzed protein expression in cultured postimplantation rat embryos by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and mass‐spectrometric protein identification. METHODS: Rat embryos were cultured from day 9.5 for 48 h or from day 10.5 for 24 h. Proteins of the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane were isolated by 2‐DE and differentially analyzed with a 2‐D analysis software. Selected protein spots in the 2‐DE gels were identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight tandem mass spectrometric analysis and protein database search. RESULTS: About 800 and 1,000 protein spots were matched through the replicate 2‐DE gels each from one embryo in the embryo proper and yolk sac membrane, respectively, and virtually the same protein spots were observed irrespective to the length of culture period. From protein spots specific to the embryo proper (126 spots) and yolk sac membrane (304 spots), proteins involved in tissue‐characteristic functions, such as morphogenesis and nutritional transfer, were identified: calponin, cellular retinoic acid binding protein, cofilin, myosin, and stathmin in the embryo proper, and Ash‐m, dimerization cofactor of hepatocyte nuclear factor, ERM‐binding phosphoprotein, cathepsin, and legumain in the yolk sac membrane. CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis of cultured postimplantation rat embryos will be a new approach in developmental biology and toxicology at the protein level. Birth Defects Res (Part B), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of two HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors, pravastatin and pitavastatin, in plasma samples using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for pharmaceutical study
Authors: Deng Jian‐Wei , Kim Kwon‐Bok , Song Im‐Sook , Shon Ji‐Hong , Zhou Hong‐Hao , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon , Shin Jae‐Gook 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe developed a method for determining pravastatin or pitavastatin, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors, in plasma using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Pravastatin, pitavastatin and the internal standard fluvastatin were extracted from plasma with solid‐phase extraction columns and eluted with methanol. After drying the organic layer, the residue was reconstituted in mobile phase (acetonitrile:water, 90:10, v/v) and injected onto a reversed‐phase C18 column. The isocratic mobile phase was eluted at 0.2 mL/min. The ion transitions recorded in multiple reaction monitoring mode were m/z 423 → 101, 420 → 290 and 410 → 348 for pravastatin, pitavastatin and fluvastatin, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the assay precision was less than 12.4%, the accuracy exceeded 89%. The limit of detection was 1 ng/mL for all analytes. This method was used to measure the plasma concentration of pitavastatin or pravastatin from healthy subjects after a single 4 mg oral dose of pitavastatin or 40 mg oral dose of pravastatin. This is a very simple, sensitive and accurate analytic method to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of pitavastatin or pravastatiny. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.