bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between passive smoking and salivary markers related to periodontitis
Authors: Nishida Nobuko , Yamamoto Yumiko , Tanaka Muneo , Maeda Kazuhiko , Kataoka Kosuke , Nakayama Kunio , Morimoto Kanehisa , Shizukuishi Satoshi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectives: The mechanism of passive smoking in terms of development of periodontitis has not been investigated. This study examined the effect of passive smoking on salivary markers related to periodontitis.Methods: Periodontal status was evaluated on the basis of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level in 273 workers. Salivary marker levels were determined by enzyme assay including enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Six periodontal pathogens in saliva were assessed using real‐time PCR methodology. Non‐, passive and active smokers were defined as subjects exhibiting salivary cotinine levels of 0 (53 subjects), 1–7 (118) and 8 ng/ml (102).Results: Levels of salivary markers, including IL‐1β, lactoferrin, albumin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), were elevated significantly in passive smokers relative to non‐smokers. Additionally, these marker levels, with the exception of IL‐1β, decreased significantly in active smokers in comparison with passive smokers. However, no meaningful differences in percentages of periodontal pathogens were observed between non‐ and passive smokers. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for each marker utilizing age, gender, cotinine level and periodontal status as independent variables. IL‐1β, albumin and AST were independently associated with cotinine level.Conclusion: Passive smoke exposure leads to elevation of IL‐1β, albumin and AST levels in saliva.
Effect of two different approaches for root decontamination on new cementum formation following guided tissue regeneration: a histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Gonçalves P. F. , Gurgel B. C. V. , Pimentel S. P. , Sallum E. A. , Sallum A. W. , Casati M. Z. , Nociti F. H. 
Published: August 2006

Background and Objective:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate comparatively the effect of two different approaches for root decontamination on new cementum formation following guided tissue regeneration (GTR).Material and Methods:  Nine mongrel dogs were used to obtain bilateral chronic class III furcation defects by placing cotton ligatures around both third mandibular premolars. The teeth were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: scaling and root planing, by means of hand and rotatory instruments, in order to remove soft and hard deposits as well as all root cementum (group A); or removal of only soft microbial deposits, by polishing the root surface with rubber cups and polishing paste, aiming for maximum root cementum preservation (group B). Both groups were treated with GTR, with the use of resorbable polyglycolic‐lactic acid membranes (RESOLUT XT®).Results:  Four months later, data analysis showed that a superior length (mm) (3.59 ± 1.67 and 6.20 ± 2.26 for groups A and B, respectively; p = 0.004) and a thicker layer (µm) (18.89 ± 9.47 and 52.29 ± 22.48 for groups A and B, respectively; p = 0.001) of new cementum was achieved by keeping the root cementum in place during root decontamination (group B). Regardless of the treatment modality, the new cementum was predominantly of a reparative, cellular extrinsic and intrinsic fiber type.Conclusion:  Within the limits of the present study, it may be concluded that root cementum preservation may affect the new cementum formation following GTR in class III furcation defects, and the treatment modality did not influence the type of newly formed cementum.
Effects of smoking and drinking habits on the incidence of periodontal disease and tooth loss among Japanese males: a 4‐yr longitudinal study
Authors: Okamoto Y. , Tsuboi S. , Suzuki S. , Nakagaki H. , Ogura Y. , Maeda K. , Tokudome S. 
Published: August 2006

Objective:  We investigated the risk of periodontal disease and tooth loss, associated with habits of smoking and alcohol consumption, in a longitudinal study.Subjects and Methods:  The subjects were 1332 Japanese males, 30–59 yr of age, who were free from periodontal disease at the baseline check‐up, and who underwent a second check‐up 4 yr later. Periodontal disease was diagnosed using the community periodontal index score, based on the clinical probing of pocket depth (≥ 4 mm). Smoking and alcohol consumption patterns were evaluated using a self‐administered questionnaire.Results:  A dose–response relationship was observed between the amount of smoking and the incidence of periodontal disease in each age group. The overall odds ratios (95% confidence intervals), adjusted for age and alcohol, were 1.51 (0.95–2.22), 1.58 (1.13–2.22) and 2.81 (1.96–4.03), among smokers consuming 1–19, 20 or 21 or more cigarettes per day, respectively, with a significant linear trend (p < 0.0001). A similar association was found between smoking and tooth loss, except for the 50–59‐yr‐old age group. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.26 (0.60–2.64), 2.01 (1.21–2.32) and 2.06 (1.23–3.48), respectively. A significant linear trend between smoking and tooth loss was also observed (p = 0.01). Ex‐smokers showed no significant difference compared with nonsmokers. We also found a significant linear trend between alcohol consumption and tooth loss among 30–39‐yr‐old subjects, while no relationship was observed between alcohol consumption and periodontal disease.Conclusion:  Cigarette smoking was found to be an independent risk factor for periodontal disease and tooth loss. Alcohol consumption was a limited risk factor for tooth loss in the younger age group, but was unrelated to periodontal disease. To prevent periodontal disease and tooth loss, health practitioners need to encourage people to stop smoking or not to start.
Inhibition of term decidual NK cell cytotoxicity by soluble HLA‐G1
Authors: Poehlmann Tobias G. , Schaumann Andreas , Busch Susann , Fitzgerald Justine S. , Aguerre‐Girr Marise , Le Bouteiller Philippe , Schleussner Ekkehard , Markert Udo R. 
Published: August 2006

Objectives  Soluble (s)HLA‐G1 is produced by trophoblast cells. Aim was to analyze the capacities and mechanisms of sHLA‐G1 to regulate interleukin (IL)‐2‐induced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells from human deciduas.Methods  Natural killer cells were isolated from decidual layers of term placentae, stimulated or not with IL‐2 and supplemented with various concentrations of recombinant soluble HLA‐G1 (sHLA‐G1). For NK cell cytotoxicity assays, K562 cells were used as targets. Expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and perforin was analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was examined by assessment of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage. NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for IL‐2receptor‐α (IL‐2Rα; CD25) and transferrin receptor CD71 expression.Results  Interleukin‐2 increases CD71, STAT3, perforin expression and cytotoxic potential of NK cells. Expression of CD71, STAT3 and perforin decreased simultaneously with cytotoxicity and dose‐dependently when sHLA‐G1 (1.6 μg/mL–1.6 ng/mL) was added to IL‐2 stimulated cultures. sHLA‐G1 did not induce apoptosis and CD25 expression was not affected.Conclusion  Interleukin‐2Rα expression is not controlled by sHLA‐G1, but its signal transducer STAT3 as well as several downstream effects, such as perforin expression, proliferation and cytotoxicity. The control of STAT3 bioavailability through sHLA‐G1 may be a key regulator of the mentioned effects.
Patient–Dentist–Technician Communication within the Dental Team: Using a Colored Treatment Plan Wax‐Up
Authors: Kahng Luke S. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCommunication among the restorative dental team must include the patient. The patient wants to know the details of the anticipated restorations; but because a patient is not aware of many dental innovations, care must be taken to provide them with a clear explanation of all anticipated treatment parameters. Many patients have little understanding of today’s advancements in restorative procedures, and they may or may not understand all of the possibilities.Through effective communication, the patient gains confidence in the dental team and better understands the proposed restorative treatment. Patient satisfaction is significantly enhanced through effective communication.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis article describes the use of a diagnostic wax‐up to facilitate optimal communication between the dental team and the patient.
Frequencies of bovine PrP gene polymorphisms in Holstein and Japanese Black bulls in Japan
Authors: ABE Tsuyoshi , HASEBE Hiroyuki , KOBAYASHI Eiji 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTWe screened for Japanese Black and Holstein bull sire samples to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involving animo‐acid substitutions in the bovine prion gene in the entire coding region of the PRNP gene. Although three silent SNPs were found, we could not detect any SNP with animo‐acid substitution. We also examined the polymorphism of the octapeptide repeat number in these samples. There was no homozygous bull with repeat number 5. The frequency of heterozygous (6/5) bulls was 8% in the Japanese Black bull and 4% in the Holstein bull, respectively. The bull samples used in this study contain popular elite sires, so it appears that the polymorphisms of prion protein (PrP) are rather difficult to find in these two breeds in Japan, except for polymorphism of the octapeptide repeat number.
Degradation characteristics and tannin bioassay of some browse forage from Kenya harvested during the dry season
Authors: OSUGA Isaac M. , ABDULRAZAK Shaukat A. , ICHINOHE Toshiyoshi , ONDIEK James O. , FUJIHARA Tsutomu 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe potential nutritional value of six species of browse forage from Kenya harvested during the dry season were evaluated by chemical composition, in sacco dry matter (DM) degradation and in vitro gas production technique. The effect of tannins on the rumen fermentation of the forage was evaluated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an in vitro study. The chemical composition of the species of browse forage differed significantly (P < 0.05). The content of organic matter ranged from 846.7 to 946.5 g/kg DM. The forage had a high crude protein content (155.5–280.9 g/kg DM) and variable content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 236.2–682.8 g/kg DM). The content of total extractable tannins was generally low (0.6–38.5 g/kg DM). At 24 h of incubation, the in sacco DM disappearance ranged from 31.2% to 84.2%. The effective DM degradability also ranged from 29.7 to 73.5%. The gas production after 96 h incubation ranged from 17.5 to 44.2 mL/200 mg DM. Use of PEG indicated that tannins had an inhibitory effect on rumen microbial fermentation and this is dependant upon the amount and activity of the tannins present. The estimated in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy also increased numerically with the PEG addition. The result of this study indicates that such species of browse forage have the potential to be used as feed supplements for ruminants, especially during the dry season.
Effects of light intensity and beak trimming on preventing aggression in laying hens
Authors: SHINMURA Tsuyoshi , EGUCHI Yusuke , UETAKE Katsuji , TANAKA Toshio 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effects of decreased light intensity and beak trimming on aggression prevention in laying hens. In total, 181 White Leghorns were used. At 17 weeks of age, 36 birds were allocated to battery cages (three birds/cage), 36 birds to furnished cages (four birds/cage), and 109 birds were transferred to an aviary. Since aggression increased in the birds from 23 weeks of age (from 0.3% to 6.0%) especially in the furnished cages, , the light intensity during the daytime was decreased to about one‐tenth (from 680 lux to 70 lux) at 28 weeks of age. The birds in the furnished cages then had their beaks re‐trimmed lightly by using a debeaker at 29 weeks of age. Behavioral observations using scanning techniques at 10 min intervals were conducted. Feed intake, bodyweight and feather score were also measured. There was no significant difference in aggression before and after decreasing the light in all three housing systems. On the other hand, the proportion of birds showing aggression decreased significantly just after trimming and four weeks after beak trimming in the furnished cages (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). The aggression also became similar to the proportions observed in the battery cages and in the aviary. In proportion to the decreased aggression, the proportion of birds eating significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, their feed intake and bodyweight did not decrease significantly. Against this decreased aggression, the proportion of birds preening significantly increased (P < 0.05). Aggression was observed more frequently at the dust bath in the furnished cages and at the litter floor in the aviary (both P < 0.001). The total feather score for all body parts in the birds in furnished cages increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 25 to 29 weeks of age (at beak trimming), but did not increase significantly from 29 to 33 weeks of age. The increments of neck, breast and tail feather scores in the furnished cages were smaller. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in aggression between just before and after decreasing the light in any housing system. However, aggression in the furnished cages was reduced not only by decreasing the light intensity, but by additional beak trimming. Aggravation of feather conditions – especially at the neck, breast and back – was prevented by the treatment.
Stimulation of butyrate production through the metabolic interaction among lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and lactic acid‐utilizing bacteria, Megasphaera elsdenii, in porcine cecal digesta
Authors: TSUKAHARA Takamitsu , HASHIZUME Kenta , KOYAMA Hironari , USHIDA Kazunari 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined the potential of Megasphaera elsdenii as a probiotic agent in combination with sodium gluconate. We also examined the combination of M. elsdenii with probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus acidophilus, to enhance butyrate production in the large intestine using a pig cecal in vitro model under the presence of sodium gluconate. Compared to the uninoculated control culture (with only diluted cecal digesta), the addition of M. elsdenii and LAB to the culture stimulated significantly the production of n‐butyrate (60% increase) and n‐valerate (50% increase) after 24 h incubation. n‐Butyrate is regarded as the most important short‐chain fatty acid in the large intestine because it stimulates the proliferation of epithelial cells, mucus release and water and mineral absorption. Therefore, lactate‐utilizing butyrate producers such as M. elsdenii play a significant role in supporting the health‐beneficial effects of lactogenic prebiotics and probiotics LAB. The potential of M. elsdenii as a probiotic was also suggested.
Development of a Music Group Psychotherapy Intervention for the Primary Prevention of Adjustment Difficulties in Korean Adolescent Girls
Authors: Kim Sunah , Kverno Karan , Lee Eun Mi , Park Jeong Hwa , Lee Hyun Hwa , Kim Hyun Lye 
Published: August 2006

PROBLEM:  Traditionally, adolescent mental health in Korea has not been a prime focus for educators, health workers, and politicians, yet a majority of sampled adolescents report interpersonal sensitivity (

Kim, 2003).
METHOD:  Thirty‐five adolescent girls took part in a six‐session school‐based music group psychotherapy pilot intervention designed to promote relationships and improve self‐control skills. FINDING:  Participants identified several outcome benefits that may serve as protective factors in their continued social and emotional development. CONCLUSIONS:  Music is a medium that promotes interpersonal relatedness among Korean adolescent girls. More research is necessary to identify long‐term benefits of preventive music group psychotherapy interventions among the adolescent population.
Maternal and Paternal Parenting, Acculturation, and Young Adolescents’ Psychological Adjustment in Korean American Families
Authors: Kim Eunjung , Cain Kevin , McCubbin Marilyn 
Published: August 2006

PROBLEM:  Maintaining healthy psychological adjustment may be more complicated for Korean American young adolescents than for their European American counterparts. Korean American families live in two cultures and the issue of acculturation challenges their parenting, which is a critical factor for young adolescents’ psychological adjustment. METHODS:  Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to analyze 106 family data (young adolescents, mothers, and fathers) on parenting (acceptance–rejection and behavioral control), acculturation (integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization), and young adolescents’ psychological adjustment. FINDINGS:  Only young adolescents’ reports of maternal and paternal acceptance–rejection were related to their report of psychological adjustment. However, maternal acculturation moderated the relation between mothers’ reports of maternal acceptance–rejection and behavioral control and young adolescents’ report of their psychological adjustment. CONCLUSIONS:  Parental acceptance–rejection is related to young adolescents’ psychological adjustment when adolescents perceive themselves as accepted or rejected by parents. The relation between mothers’ report of maternal acceptance–rejection and behavioral control and adolescents’ psychological adjustment needs to be considered within the context of maternal acculturation.
Effective Communication With Bereaved Child Survivors of Suicide
Authors: Mitchell Ann M. , Wesner Susan , Brownson Lynn , Gale Deborah Dysart , Garand Linda , Havill Allyson 
Published: August 2006

TOPIC:  While bereavement is considered by many to be among the most stressful life events, it becomes even more distressing when it is related to the suicide of a loved one. Further, the death of a parent is traumatic for anyone, but it may be especially intensified for young children. This points to a strong need for the recognition and treatment of psychiatric and social problems associated with childhood bereavement. PURPOSE AND SOURCES:  The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and present a synopsis of the psychosocial outcomes of childhood suicide survivor bereavement and outline communication issues that emerge when talking with young suicide survivors. CONCLUSIONS:  A case is made to develop and test interventions designed to meet the mental health needs of this important group of individuals.
Two Terms—One Meaning: The Conundrum of Contemporary Nomenclature in Autism
Authors: Cashin Andrew , Sci Dip App 
Published: August 2006

TOPIC:  Autism as a diagnostic construct in the last decade has undergone a process of rapid evolution in the way that it is operationalized. A by‐product of the important conceptual shift is that we have been left with two terms, autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder, that point to the same thing. The existence of two terms that cannot be clearly delineated results in confusion and an added element in an already anxiety‐laden mix for all those trying to come to terms with the concept of autism. PURPOSE:  This paper moves beyond contemporary arguments of whether autistic disorder and Asperger's disorder are different entities and uses a case study to consider the mechanism of the confusion caused, and highlight the importance of referent clarity. SOURCES:  A review of sources in journals and texts related to the topic is included to complement the progressive review of the case study as the clients move through a 1‐hour initial consult. CONCLUSION:  The current diagnostic criteria are ambiguous posing the risk of confusion to parents, clinicians, and researchers. Nurses have an important role in assisting parents’ construction of a unified concept of autism clinically, and through research. This paper moves beyond merely acknowledging the confusion that exists by considering the nature of the confusion, and through sharing the experience of one possible way of navigating it.
The Postpartum Support Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties in Adolescents
Authors: Logsdon M. Cynthia , Usui Wayne M. 
Published: August 2006

PROBLEM:  Receiving adequate social support has been associated with positive outcomes for the postpartum adolescent and her baby. Therefore, social support is an important variable to include in research studies of postpartum adolescents. However, instruments developed for use in adults cannot be assumed to reliably and validly measure health‐related concepts such as social support in adolescents (

Rogler, 1999
; Yarcheski, Mahon, & Yarcheski, 1992) without psychometric evaluation.PURPOSE:  Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the reliability and validity of the Postpartum Support Questionnaire (PSQ) (

Logsdon, 2002
; Logsdon, Usui, Birkimer, McBride, 1996) with adolescents.METHOD:  The PSQ was revised for use with adolescents, based upon focus groups with adolescents and professionals. Then, the PSQ was administered to a convenience sample of postpartum adolescents (N = 109) recruited from the Teenage Parent Program. FINDINGS:  High internal consistency reliability was demonstrated for the total instrument and subscales. Factor analysis supported four factors, in line with the PSQ data with adults, with some indication for an additional adolescent factor. However, in adolescents material support and emotional support tend to load on the same factor. CONCLUSIONS:  Social support may be defined differently in postpartum adolescents, but further research with a larger sample is needed to substantiate this finding. Instruments with psychometric data specific to adolescents should be chosen by researchers who study this group.
MEASUREMENT OF CESIUM‐137 IN FOODSTUFFS
Authors: SALIH F.M. , PILLAY A.E. , JAYASEKARA K. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT Intensity of the 662‐keV gamma ray from cesium‐137 was closely monitored in a variety of foods and beverages, including milk, flavored milk, fruit juices, infant foods, cooking oil, biscuits and fish. Nuclear facilities in the region, and the proximity of Oman to India and Pakistan (where nuclear material exists) played an important role in influencing our investigation. Relevant food items were obtained at appropriate intervals from January to December 2003 and 2004, and subjected to high‐resolution gamma‐ray measurement with a 28‐cm2 high‐purity germanium detector. Each sample was prepared in a suitable Marinelli beaker and counted for 12 h. The recorded specific activities in milk, fruit juices and oil were generally <1.0 Bq/L, and <2.0 Bq/kg in solid foods such as fish and biscuits. In general, we found that the food quality in this respect was high.
CLASSIFICATION OF CHINESE RICE WINE WITH DIFFERENT MARKED AGES BASED ON NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: YU HAIYAN , YING YIBIN , FU XIAPING , LU HUISHAN 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACT The feasibility of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for discrimination between Chinese rice wine with different marked ages (1, 3 and 5 years) was presented in this research. NIR spectra were collected in transmission mode in the wavelength range of 800–2500 nm. Discriminant models were developed based on discriminant analysis (DA) together with raw and second derivative spectra. The calibration result for raw spectra was better than that for second derivative spectra. The percentage of samples correctly classified for raw and second derivative spectra was 100 and 78.4%, respectively. In validation analysis, the percentage of samples correctly classified was 94.4%. For 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year‐old sample groups, the percentage of samples correctly classified was 88.3, 100 and 100%, respectively. The results demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy could be used as a rapid and reliable method for classification of Chinese rice wine with different marked ages.