bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative medical complications are the main cause of early death after emergency surgery for colonic cancer
Authors: Iversen L H , Bülow S , Christensen I J , Laurberg S , Harling H 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Background
Only a few small studies have evaluated risk factors related to early death following emergency surgery for colonic cancer. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for death within 30 days after such surgery.

Methods
Some 2157 patients who underwent emergency treatment for colonic cancer from May 2001 to December 2005 were identified from the national colorectal cancer registry. Thirty-day mortality rates were calculated and risk factors for early death were identified using logistic regression analysis.

Results
The overall 30-day mortality rate was 22·1 per cent. The strongest risk factor for early death was postoperative medical complications (cardiopulmonary, renal, thromboembolic and infectious), with an odds ratio of 11·7 (95 per cent confidence interval 8·8 to 15·5). Such complications occurred in 24·4 per cent of patients, of whom 57·8 per cent died. Other independent risk factors were age at least 71 years, male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III or more, palliative outcome, tumour perforation, splenectomy and adverse intraoperative surgical events. Postoperative surgical complications were noted in 20·4 per cent of the patients but had no statistically significant influence on mortality.

Conclusion
Emergency surgery for colonic cancer is still associated with an increased risk of death. There is a need for a system providing increased safety in the perioperative period.
An EXAFS Spectroscopic, Large‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering, and Crystallographic Study of Hexahydrated, Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Pyridine 1‐Oxide Hexasolvated Mercury(II) Ions
Authors: Persson Ingmar , Eriksson Lars , Lindqvist‐Reis Patric , Persson Per , Sandström Magnus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe structure of the solvated mercury(II) ion in water and dimethyl sulfoxide has been studied by means of large‐angle X‐ray scattering (LAXS) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. The distribution of the HgO distances is unusually wide and asymmetric in both solvents. In aqueous solution, hexahydrated [Hg(OH2)6]2+ ions in a distorted octahedral configuration, with the centroid of the HgO distance at 2.38(1) Å, are surrounded by a diffuse second hydration sphere with Hg⋅⋅⋅OII distances of 4.20(2) Å. In dimethyl sulfoxide, the six HgO and Hg⋅⋅⋅S distances of the hexasolvated [Hg{OS(CH3)2}6]2+ complex are centered around 2.38(1) and 3.45(2) Å, respectively. The crystal structure of hexakis(pyridine 1‐oxide)mercury(II) perchlorate has been redetermined. The space group R$\bar 3$ implies six equal HgO distances of 2.3416(7) Å for the [Hg(ONC5H5)6]2+ complex at 100 K. However, EXAFS studies of this compound, and of the solids hexaaquamercury(II) perchlorate and hexakis(dimethyl sulfoxide)mercury(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate, also with six equidistant HgO bonds according to crystallographic results, reveal in all cases strongly asymmetric HgO distance distributions. Vibronic coupling of valence states in a so‐called pseudo‐Jahn–Teller effect probably induces the distorted configurations.
Highly Convenient Amine‐Free Sonogashira Coupling in Air in a Polar Mixed Aqueous Medium by trans‐ and cis‐[(NHC)2PdX2] (X=Cl, Br) Complexes of N/O‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Ray Lipika , Barman Samir , Shaikh Mobin M. , Ghosh Prasenjit 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo new trans‐ and cis‐[(NHC)2PdX2] (X=Cl, Br) complexes of N/O‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbenes employed in a highly convenient amine‐free Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction in air in a polar mixed aqueous medium are reported. Specifically, the trans‐[{1‐benzyl‐3‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐2‐oxobutyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene}2PdBr2] (3) and cis‐[{1‐benzyl‐3‐(N‐tert‐butylacetamido)imidazol‐2‐ylidene}2PdCl2] (4) complexes effectively catalyzed the Sonogashira cross‐coupling reaction of aryl iodides with substituted acetylenes in air in a mixed solvent (DMF/H2O, 3:1 v/v) under amine‐free conditions. Interestingly, these trans‐ and cis‐[(NHC)2PdX2] (X=Cl, Br) complexes, with two N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands, exhibited superior activity compared with the now popular PEPPSI (pyridine enhanced precatalyst preparation, stabilization and initiation)‐themed analogues, trans‐[(NHC)Pd(pyridine)X2] (X=Cl, Br), 3 a and 4 a, with one N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand and a “throw away” pyridine ligand in a trans disposition to each other. The higher activities of 3 and 4 compared with PEPPSI analogues 3 a and 4 a are attributed to more‐electron‐rich metal centers, as revealed by DFT studies, in the former complexes and is in concurrence with a more electron‐rich metal center being effective in facilitating the oxidative addition of aryl halide, often a rate‐determining step in palladium‐mediated cross‐coupling reactions. Complexes 3 and 4 were prepared from the corresponding silver analogues by transmetalation with [(cod)PdCl2], whereas the corresponding PEPPSI analogues 3 a and 4 a were obtained directly from the imidazolium halide salts by reaction with PdCl2 in pyridine in the presence of K2CO3 as base.
Feasibility Study of New Limestone Flue Gas Desulfurization Process
Authors: Shengyu Liu , Wende Xiao , Pei Liu , Zhixiang Ye 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new method based on conventional limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) has been developed. The main difference compared to the conventional wet FGD is the utilization of granular limestone with acetic acid additives as the absorbent, which should save on the power required for pulverization of limestone and pumping the circulation slurry. This paper focuses on a feasibility study of the new limestone FGD process by comparing SO2 removal efficiency, SO2 absorption rate, limestone utilization and FGD system stability of the new FGD with those of the conventional FGD, in the same absorption equipment under the same experimental conditions. The results show that when the coarse limestone slurry (–80+100 mesh, US standard) is used directly as the absorbent, its utilization and SO2 removal efficiency, are very low at 44 and 60.7%, respectively. When the mixed slurry, which is composed of coarse limestone and 10–30 mmol/L acetic acid absorbs SO2, the degree of desulfurization is increased to 95% and the limestone utilization is enhanced to 93.5%. Finally, for the absorbent consisting of a fine limestone slurry (–300 mesh), the desulfurization efficiency and limestone utilization are 88 and 92.9%, respectively, under the same operating conditions. Therefore, the new desulfurization process is shown to be very feasible.
Influence of Chelating Ligands on Arsenic Uptake by Hydroponically Grown Rice Seedlings (Oryza sativa L.): A Preliminary Study
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Azizur , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ueda Kazumasa , Maki Teruya , Rahman M. Mahfuzur 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFerric (oxyhydro‐)oxides (FeOx) precipitate in the rhizosphere at neutral or alkaline pH and are adsorbed on the plant root surfaces. Consequently, the higher binding affinity of arsenate to FeOx and the low iron phytoavailability of the precipitated FeOx make the phytoremediation of arsenic difficult. In the present study, the influence of chelating ligands on arsenic and iron uptake by hydroponically grown rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. When chelating ligands were not treated to the growth medium, about 63 and 71% of the total arsenic and iron were distributed in the root extract (outer root surfaces) of rice, respectively. On the other hand, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) and hydroxyiminodisuccinic acid (HIDS) desorbed a significant amount of arsenic from FeOx of the outer root surfaces. Therefore, the uptake of arsenic and iron into the roots and their subsequent translocation to the shoots of the rice seedlings increased significantly. The order of increasing arsenic uptake by chelating ligands was HIDS > EDTA > EDDS. Methylglycinediacetic acid (MGDA) and iminodisuccinic acid (IDS) might not be effective in arsenic solubilization from FeOx. The results suggest that EDDS and HIDS would be a good and environmentally safe choice to accelerate arsenic phytoavailability in the phytoremediation process because of their biodegradability and would be a competent alternative to the widely used non‐biodegradable and environmentally persistent EDTA.
Developing a Green Process in a C9 Aromatic Resin Manufacturing Plant: Online Recycling of Calcium Fluoride Sludge
Authors: Huang Wu‐Jang , Lee Wen‐Ching 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe calcium fluoride sludge generated from the termination process in a C9<?h ‐2dd>+ resin manufacturing plant in Taiwan usually contains high contents of reacted and unreacted monomers. Normally CaF2 sludge is treated by pyrolysis or incineration prior to being landfilled. This paper presents a plan outlining a method to develop a green process through reduction of waste by online recycling of CaF2 sludge. The ordinary CaF2 sludge is collected and activated by fresh lime for recycling and using as a terminator, as with 100% fresh lime. The results indicate that after activating CaF2 sludge with 10% fresh lime, the generated resin contains an unusual odor. However, this problem can be addressed by adding 20% fresh lime for activation. From an economic viewpoint, this method would result in a 40% reduction both in terms of the treatment cost and in the amount of CaF2 sludge generated.
Application of a Newly Synthesized Calixarene in Metal Ions Extraction
Authors: Hamid Shafida Abd. , Tarmizi Amirah Amalina Ahmad , Mohamad Ali Abdussalam Salhin , Saad Bahruddin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA new ligand, 25,27‐bis (3‐(4′‐biphenyl‐4‐hydroxy carboxylic acid) propoxy)‐26,28‐dihydroxy‐5,11,17‐tetra(tert‐butyl)calix[4]arene (CBiPh), a derivative of p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene (Cax) that was functionalized at the lower rim with biphenyl carboxylic acid has been synthesized. The compound was characterized by using NMR, FT‐IR, and elemental analysis. The 1H and 13C NMR studies indicate that this new macrocycle (CBiPh) preferably adopts a cone structure. Sorbent materials prepared by immobilizing the ligands into silica sol–gel matrix (referred to as calixarene immobilized with sorbent (Cax‐SG) and CBiPh immobilized with sorbent (CBiPh‐SG)) were studied for their competitive sorption characteristic of a mixture of twelve metal ions (Mg2+, Li+, Cd2+, Co2+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Rb+, Ag+, Cs+, Sr2+, and Hg2+). Under the adopted conditions, both sorbents exhibited highest selectivity toward Ag+ (70% for Cax‐SG and 85% CBiPh‐SG), followed by Hg2+ (60% for Cax‐SG and 65% CBiPh‐SG) while the other metal ions were negligibly extracted (< 20%).
Simultaneous Removal of NOx and SO2: A Promising Ag(II)/Ag(I) Based Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation System
Authors: Raju T. , Chung Sang Joon , Pillai K. Chandrasekara , Moon Il‐Shik 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe present study is a first attempt towards utilizing a Ag(II)/Ag(I) based mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) system for the simultaneous clean‐up of NOx and SO2 gases in simulated flue gas‐air mixtures on a laboratory‐scale scrubber column integrated with an electrochemical reactor, and to rationalize the efficient application of the MEO process for flue gas abatement and pollution control. Experiments were carried out with individual gas components followed with the mixture, and the effect of input NO and input SO2 concentrations was examined on the NOx and SO2 removal efficiencies at 20°C. Complete oxidation of NO to NO2 with 100% NO removal efficiency and 80% NOx removal efficiency was achieved along with 100% SO2 removal efficiency, highlighting the potentially far greater efficiency of the Ag(II)/Ag(I) based MEO system in functionality and selectivity. Significant research work in this direction can be anticipated in the near future.
Efficient copackaging and cotransport yields postsynaptic colocalization of neuromodulators associated with synaptic plasticity
Authors: Lochner J.E. , Spangler E. , Chavarha M. , Jacobs C. , McAllister K. , Schuttner L.C. , Scalettar B.A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecent data suggest that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) influences long‐term plasticity at hippocampal synapses by converting plasminogen into plasmin, which then generates mature brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) from its precursor, proBDNF. Motivated by this hypothesis, we used fluorescent chimeras, expressed in hippocampal neurons, to elucidate (1) mechanisms underlying plasminogen secretion from hippocampal neurons, (2) if tPA, plasminogen, and proBDNF are copackaged and cotransported in hippocampal neurons, especially within dendritic spines, and (3) mechanisms mediating the transport of these neuromodulators to sites of release. We find that plasminogen chimeras traffic through the regulated secretory pathway of hippocampal neurons in dense‐core granules (DCGs) and that tPA, plasminogen, and proBDNF chimeras are extensively copackaged in DCGs throughout hippocampal neurons. We also find that 80% of spines that contain DCGs contain chimeras of these neuromodulators in the same DCG. Finally, we demonstrate, for the first time, that neuromodulators undergo cotransport along dendrites in rapidly mobile DCGs, indicating that neuromodulators can be efficiently recruited into active spines. These results support the hypothesis that tPA mediates synaptic activation of BDNF by demonstrating that tPA, plasminogen, and proBDNF colocalize in DCGs in spines, where these neuromodulators can undergo activity‐dependent release and then interact and/or mediate changes that influence synaptic efficacy. The results also raise the possibility that frequency‐dependent changes in extents of neuromodulator release from DCGs influence the direction of plasticity at hippocampal synapses by altering the relative proportions of two proteins, mBDNF and proBDNF, that exert opposing effects on synaptic efficacy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Libraries of Bidentate Phosphorus Ligands; Synthesis Strategies and Application in Catalysis (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 19/2008)
Authors: Goudriaan P. Elsbeth , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. , Birkholz Mandy‐Nicole , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows structures that represent three different ways of making phosphorus‐based ligand libraries: modular synthesis, solid‐phase synthesis and formation of ligands by assembly of smaller building blocks. These ligand libraries are important for the rapid identification of new catalysts for (asymmetric) conversions. In this Microreview on p. 2939 ff J. N. H. Reek et al. show examples that illustrate these strategies.
Bioactive Nitronaphthalenes from an Endophytic Fungus, Coniothyrium sp., and Their Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Krohn Karsten , Kouam Simeon F. , Cludius‐Brandt Stephan , Draeger Siegfried , Schulz Barbara 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFour natural nitro metabolites, 1‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐2‐nitronaphthalene (2), 1,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐nitronaphthalene (3), 1‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐2,4‐dinitronaphthalene (4), and 1,5‐dimethoxy‐4,8‐dinitronaphthalene (5), known from chemical synthesis but new as natural products, were isolated together with two known compounds, 1‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxynaphthalene (1) and ergosterol (6) from an endophytic fungus, Coniothyrium sp. The structures of 1–6 were determined by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by mass spectrometric measurements. The structures of 1–4 were confirmed by chemical synthesis. The nitronaphthols showed considerable antibacterial, antifungal, and antialgal properties.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Broad Functionalization of Deep‐Cavity Cavitands by Directed ortho Metalation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 19/2008)
Authors: Srinivasan Kannupal , Laughrey Zachary R. , Gibb Bruce C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows a collection of china, pewter cups, mugs, and jugs. For these and other macroscale objects, it is easier to decorate their exterior rather than their interior surface. Not surprisingly, the same asymmetry is seen at the molecular scale; it is generally easier to decorate/functionalize a convex than a concave surface. One approach to endo functionalization of deep‐cavity cavitands is directed ortho metalation (DoM). In the paper by Srinivasan et al., on p. 3265 ff, it is shown that various electrophiles quench the lithiates formed according to DoM protocols. Reaction control leads to between one and five functional groups being introduced at the endo and exo positions of these hosts.
Simultaneous Determination of 4‐Chlorophenol and Oxalic Acid Using an Expanded Graphite‐Epoxy Composite Electrode
Authors: Manea Florica , Radovan Ciprian , Corb Ioana , Pop Aniela , Burtica Georgeta , Malchev Plamen , Picken Stephen , Schoonman Joop 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn expanded graphite‐epoxy composite electrode (EG‐Epoxy) was employed for the simultaneous determination of 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) and oxalic acid (OA) by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results indicated that OA could be determined in the presence of the same concentrations of 4‐CP within the concentration range of 0.1 mM to 0.5 mM with a relative standard deviation (RSD) smaller than 5%. Electrode fouling occurred during CA for 4‐CP concentrations larger than 0.5 mM. The DPV method was used for the simultaneous determination of 4‐CP and OA before and after electrochemical oxidation by chronopotentiometry under galvanostatic conditions (j=0.04 mA cm−2, t=2 h) of a tap water sample spiked with 0.19 mM 4‐CP and 0.1 M Na2SO4.
The semicircular canal system and locomotion: The case of extinct lemuroids and lorisoids
Authors: Walker Alan , Ryan Timothy M. , Silcox Mary T. , Simons Elwyn L. , Spoor Fred 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPaleontologists reconstruct the locomotor and postural behavior of extinct species by analogy with living forms and biomechanical analyses. In rare cases, behavioral evidence such as footprints can be used to confirm fossil‐based reconstructions for predominantly terrestrial orders of mammals. For instance, the chalicothere prints from Laetoli show that these perissodactyls supported their body weight on the metacarpals, as previously reconstructed.1 Unfortunately, primates are mostly arboreal and rarely leave footprints. The cercopithecid and hominin prints at Laetoli are a rare exception. We have recently shown that the semicircular canal system can be used to test and augment locomotor reconstructions based on postcranial material or to provide first estimations of locomotor behavior for taxa not known from the postcranium. Using a sample of modern primates, we have been able to demonstrate that the radii of curvature of the semicircular canals are significantly correlated with both body mass and agility of locomotion.2 This paper reviews those results and examines the relationship between semicircular canal morphology and other evidence in efforts to reconstruct locomotor behavior in subfossil lemurs from the Holocene of Madagascar and fossil lorisoids from the Miocene of Africa.
Controlled delivery of paclitaxel from stent coatings using novel styrene maleic anhydride copolymer formulations
Authors: Richard Robert , Schwarz Marlene , Chan Ken , Teigen Nikolai , Boden Mark 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe controlled release of paclitaxel (PTx) from stent coatings comprising an elastomeric polymer blended with a styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer is described. The coated stents were characterized for morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and for drug release using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the extent of interaction between the PTx and polymers in the formulation. Coronary stents were coated with blends of poly(b‐styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS) and SMA containing 7% or 14% maleic anhydride (MA) by weight. SEM examination of the stents showed that the coating did not crack or delaminate either before or after stent expansion. Examination of the coating surface via AFM after elution of the drug indicated that PTx resides primarily in the SMA phase and provided information about the mechanism of PTx release. The addition of SMA altered the release profile of PTx from the base elastomer coatings. In addition, the presence of the SMA enabled tunable release of PTx from the elastomeric stent coatings, while preserving mechanical properties. Thermal analysis reveled no shift in the glass transition temperatures for any of the polymers at all drug loadings studied, indicating that the PTx is not miscible with any component of the polymer blend. An in vivo evaluation indicated that biocompatibility and vascular response results for SMA/SIBS‐coated stents (without PTx) are similar to results for SIBS‐only‐coated and bare stainless steel control stents when implanted in the non‐injured coronary arteries of common swine for 30 and 90 days. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Biological response to micron‐ and nanometer‐sized particles known as potential wear products from artificial hip joints: Part II: Reaction of murine macrophages to corundum particles of different size distributions
Authors: Kranz I. , Gonzalez J. B. , Dörfel I. , Gemeinert M. , Griepentrog M. , Klaffke D. , Knabe C. , Österle W. , Gross U. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMacrophages play a pivotal role in tissue reaction and immune response. They recognize, phagocytose particles and generate cytokines to influence local cellular reactions. Friction and wear of implant components usually generates microparticles (MP) in a size range of 1–10 μm and nanoparticles (NP) in the range of 10–1000 nm. To investigate the possible impact of MP or NP on cellular reactions, we exposed murine macrophages (RAW264.7) to corundum MP and NP. The same mass was used in both NP and MP cell culture solutions, i.e. there were more NP than MP per identical volumes of culture solution. After 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h aliquots of cell culture supernatants were tested for different cytokines, growth factors and nitric oxide. Macrophages were stained with MGG (May‐Grünwald Giemsa), counted and morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Particles were attached to cell surfaces and phagocytosed within cells. Cells stimulated with particles or lipopolysaccharides for positive controls showed surface modifications indicating enhanced function. Although only marginal differences between negative controls and particle‐stimulated cells were observed in respect to cytokine production, exposure to corundum particles led to a decrease in the number of vital macrophages and to an increase in the number of giant cells. Corundum NP formed micron‐sized aggregates in the cell culture medium and led to the production of more giant cells than MP. Sodiumdodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cell culture medium with particles proved the adsorption of proteins to particles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009