bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical distribution and phylogenetic characterization of marine Archaea in the western subarctic Pacific
Authors: Chen Gang , Satake Takaaki , Sugiura Norio , Utsumi Motoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArchaea represent a prevalent and abundant microbial group and are believed to play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. Archaeal distribution remains poorly resolved in the western subarctic Pacific (WSP). We investigated the relative abundance, vertical distribution, and phylogenetic composition of Archaea in WSP. The abundance of Euryarchaeota marine group II (Poseidoniales) was the highest (> 77%) in the epipelagic layer and decreased with depth, the abundance of Thaumarchaeota increased with depth, and Euryarchaeota marine group III (Pontarchaea) was absent in the epipelagic layer but was highly abundant in mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers. Based on phylogenic analyses of archaeal 16S rRNA gene partial sequences, we noted that archaeal phylotypes in the epipelagic layer were different from those in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers. The phylogenetic composition in the archaeal community was strongly segregated along a depth gradient. The Shannon index and the richness values revealed that the mesopelagic layer was the most diverse habitat of the archaeal community. Additionally, the trends of the vertical distribution of Archaea and Thaumarchaeota, elucidated through the qPCR assay, at station K2 were similar to those documented in other ocean regions, although their absolute quantity was low. Moreover, the unexpected bias in qPCR was noted to be caused by the commonly used Thaumarchaeota-specific primer MCGI391F, which mismatched some sequences derived from the epipelagic water.
Use of an expert elicitation methodology to compare welfare impacts of two approaches for blood sampling European badgers (Meles meles) in the field
Authors: Colloff Adrian , Baker Sandra E , Beausoleil Ngaio J , Sharp Trudy , Golledge Huw , Lane Julie , Cox Ruth , Siwonia Michal , Delahay Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the UK and Republic of Ireland, the European badger (Meles meles) is considered the most significant wildlife reservoir of the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). To expand options for bTB surveillance and disease control, the Animal and Plant Health Agency developed a bespoke physical restraint cage to facilitate collection of a small blood sample from a restrained, conscious badger in the field. A key step, prior to pursuing operational deployment of the novel restraint cage, was an assessment of the relative welfare impacts of the approach. We used an established welfare assessment model to elicit expert opinion during two workshops to compare the impacts of the restraint cage approach with the only current alternative for obtaining blood samples from badgers in the field, which involves administration of a general anaesthetic. Eleven panellists participated in the workshops, comprising experts in the fields of wildlife biology, animal welfare science, badger capture and sampling, and veterinary science. Both approaches were assessed to have negative welfare impacts, although in neither case were overall welfare scores higher than intermediate, never exceeding 5–6 out of a possible 8. Based on our assessments, the restraint cage approach is no worse for welfare compared to using general anaesthesia and possibly has a lower overall negative impact on badger welfare. Our results can be used to integrate consideration of badger welfare alongside other factors, including financial cost and efficiency, when selecting a field method for blood sampling free-living badgers.
A LOPEZ-ESCOBAR THEOREM FOR CONTINUOUS DOMAINS
Authors: BAZHENOV NIKOLAY , FOKINA EKATERINA , ROSSEGGER DINO , SOSKOVA ALEXANDRA , VATEV STEFAN 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We prove an effective version of the Lopez-Escobar theorem for continuous domains. Let

$Mod(\tau )$

be the set of countable structures with universe

$\omega $

in vocabulary

$\tau $

topologized by the Scott topology. We show that an invariant set

$X\subseteq Mod(\tau )$

is

$\Pi ^0_\alpha $

in the Borel hierarchy of this topology if and only if it is definable by a

$\Pi ^p_\alpha $

-formula, a positive

$\Pi ^0_\alpha $

formula in the infinitary logic

$L_{\omega _1\omega }$

. As a corollary of this result we obtain a new pullback theorem for positive computable embeddings: Let

$\mathcal {K}$

be positively computably embeddable in

$\mathcal {K}'$

by

$\Phi $

, then for every

$\Pi ^p_\alpha $

formula

$\xi $

in the vocabulary of

$\mathcal {K}'$

there is a

$\Pi ^p_\alpha $

formula

$\xi ^{*}$

in the vocabulary of

$\mathcal {K}$

such that for all

$\mathcal {A}\in \mathcal {K}$

,

$\mathcal {A}\models \xi ^{*}$

if and only if

$\Phi (\mathcal {A})\models \xi $

. We use this to obtain new results on the possibility of positive computable embeddings into the class of linear orderings.
The influences of narrative perspective shift and scene detail on narrative semantic processing
Authors: Jin Jian , Liu Siyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe embodied view of semantic processing holds that readers achieve reading comprehension through mental simulation of the objects and events described in the narrative. However, it remains unclear whether and how the encoding of linguistic factors in narrative descriptions impacts narrative semantic processing. This study aims to explore this issue under the narrative context with and without perspective shift, which is an important and common linguistic factor in narratives. A sentence-picture verification paradigm combined with eye-tracking measures was used to explore the issue. The results showed that (1) the inter-role perspective shift made the participants’ to evenly allocate their first fixation to different elements in the scene following the new perspective; (2) the internal–external perspective shift increased the participants’ total fixation count when they read the sentence with the perspective shift; (3) the scene detail depicted in the picture did not influence the process of narrative semantic processing. These results suggest that perspective shift can disrupt the coherence of situation model and increase the cognitive load of readers during reading. Moreover, scene detail could not be constructed by readers in natural narrative reading.
Collaborative Research in Imperial Vienna: Science Organization, Statehood, and Civil Society, 1848–1914
Authors: Mattes Johannes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article deals with the goals, practices, and transformations of collaborative research that emerged between and within bureaucratic and bourgeois models of science organization in the late Habsburg monarchy. It offers novel insights into the political, social, and epistemic dimensions of public engagement in research, and evaluates the frameworks, profit expectations, and challenges involved. As will be exemplified by joint undertakings in the High Alps, the “Orient,” and the Adriatic Sea, private-public partnerships in the form of scientific societies or institutional alliances assumed vital functions. Their stakeholders volunteered for large-scale research projects, coordinated and funded infrastructure such as field stations, research vessels, or collecting expeditions, and became driving forces in establishing new forms of intra-imperial and cross-border collaboration. As such, scientific societies are useful indicators for understanding science-related developments and for illuminating the tensions between imperialism, (inter)national aspirations, and civil-society building. Based on sources from the archives of the k.k. Meteorological Society, the Natural Scientific Oriental Society, and the Adriatic Society, this article will analyze scientific collaboration as a purposeful and power-related interaction process, oriented toward mutual benefits, that took place on three levels: between state-owned research facilities and private societies, between bureaucrats and bourgeois, and between scientists and “non-professionals.”
An experimental evaluation of robot-stopping approaches for improving fluency in collaborative robotics
Authors: Scalera Lorenzo , Lozer Federico , Giusti Andrea , Gasparetto Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper explores and experimentally compares the effectiveness of robot-stopping approaches based on the speed and separation monitoring for improving fluency in collaborative robotics. In the compared approaches, a supervisory controller checks the distance between the bounding volumes enclosing human operator and robot and prevents potential collisions by determining the robot’s stop time and triggering a stop trajectory if necessary. The methods are tested on a Franka Emika robot with 7 degrees of freedom, involving 27 volunteer participants, who are asked to walk along assigned paths to cyclically intrude the robot workspace, while the manipulator is working. The experimental results show that scaling online the dynamic safety zones is beneficial for improving fluency of human-robot collaboration, showing significant statistical differences with respect to alternative approaches.
Heavy-duty hexapod robot sideline tipping judgment and recovery
Authors: Zhang Lianzhao , Zha Fusheng , Guo Wei , Chen Chen , Sun Lining , Wang Pengfei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeavy-duty hexapod robots are well-suited for physical transportation, disaster relief, and resource exploration. The immense locomotion capabilities conferred by the six appendages of these systems enable traversal over unstructured and challenging terrain. However, tipping can be a serious concern when moving with a tripod gait in these challenging environments, which may cause irreversible consequences such as compromised movement control and potential damage. In this paper, we focus on heavy-duty hexapod robot sideline tipping judgment and recovery during tripod gait motion, and a novel sideline tipping judgment and recovery method is proposed by adjusting an optimal swinging leg to the stance state. Considering the locomotion environments, motion mode, and tipping analysis, the robot’s stability margin is quantified, and the tipping event is evaluated by the Force Angle Stability Measure (FASM). The recovery method is initiated upon detecting that the robot is tipping, which involves the selection of an adjustment leg and the determination of an optimal foothold. Since the FASM is based on the foot force and robot center of gravity (CoG), the stability margin quantification expression is reformulated to the constraint form of quadratic programming (QP). Furthermore, a foot force distribution method, integrating stability margin considerations into the QP model, has been devised to ensure post-adjustment stability of the landing leg. Experiments on tipping judgment and recovery demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches on tipping judgment and recovery.
Research methods for IDs and TBLT: A substantive and methodological review
Authors: Bryfonski Lara , Ku Yunjung (Yunie) , Mackey Alison 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs part of ongoing efforts to characterize the extent to which tasks and interaction-driven language learning are influenced by individual differences (IDs), task-based researchers have thus far examined variables like learners’ levels of L2 anxiety, motivation, cognitive creativity, working memory capacity, and aptitude. Building on a tradition of prior syntheses in task-based language teaching (TBLT, e.g., Plonsky & Kim, 2016), we carried out a methodological review of the practices used by researchers who have examined learners’ IDs in task-based language learning. We searched journal articles published between 2000 and 2023 and identified 135 unique samples for analysis. Each empirical study was coded for relevant contextual and demographic variables as well as for methodological features related to the investigation of individual differences. We observed that of 30 individual differences investigated in TBLT research over the last two decades, the top five most common were motivation, working memory, L2 proficiency, anxiety, and aptitude. Interesting patterns related to operationalizations, instruments, coding, analyses, and reporting practices. In this paper, we report these results and summarize the most and least common methodological practices, also pointing out gaps and possibilities for future directions. We conclude with recommendations for researchers interested in embarking on empirical investigations of individual differences and TBLT based on best practices.
Variation in coupling across neural and cardiac systems of regulation is linked to markers of anxiety risk in preschool
Authors: Peoples Sarah G. , Davis Elizabeth L. , Brooker Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Both cortical and parasympathetic systems are believed to regulate emotional arousal in the service of healthy development. Systemic coordination, or coupling, between putative regulatory functions begins in early childhood. Yet the degree of coupling between cortical and parasympathetic systems in young children remains unclear, particularly in relation to the development of typical or atypical emotion function. We tested whether cortical (ERN) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) markers of regulation were coupled during cognitive challenge in preschoolers (N = 121). We found no main effect of RSA predicting ERN. We then tested children’s typical and atypical emotion behavior (context-appropriate/context-inappropriate fear, anxiety symptoms, neuroendocrine reactivity) as moderators of early coupling in an effort to link patterns of coupling to adaptive emotional development. Negative coupling (i.e., smaller ERN, more RSA suppression or larger ERN, less RSA suppression) at age 3 was associated with greater atypical and less typical emotion behaviors, indicative of greater risk. Negative age 3 coupling was also visible for children who had greater Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms and blunted cortisol reactivity at age 5. Results suggest that negative coupling may reflect a maladaptive pattern across regulatory systems that is identifiable during the preschool years.
Moving conservation agriculture from principles to a performance-based production system
Authors: Cordeau Stéphane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CA) is an approach to farming that is defined by three principles: (1) minimal soil disturbance (no-till), (2) crop diversity in time and space, and (3) soil coverage by crop residues and/or cover crops. These principles provide a roadmap to protect and improve soil. However, the narrow criteria for defining CA may fail to account for tradeoffs between soil health and other ecosystem services. A literature review of meta-analyses dealing with CA and an online survey in France were conducted to explore the implementation and performances of CA. Research on CA systems has focused on crop productivity and soil quality whereas research on other dimensions of cropping system sustainability are lacking. The effects of CA on other aspects of sustainability such as biodiversity and profitability are less prevalent in the literature. The online survey results show that 63% of respondents thought that CA helps reduce pesticide use, 91% that CA improves water use efficiency, and 77% that CA helps to store carbon and achieve the objectives of the 4 per 1000 international initiative. Given the prevalence and widespread support for CA, we advocate for moving CA from its current definition based on the means toward a definition that includes performance-based metrics that address different ecosystem services. CA has potential to help address challenges associated with climate change, biodiversity loss, and water pollution, but opportunities may be missed without developing performance targets that go beyond soil conservation.
Notoginsenoside R1 promotes Lgr5+ stem cell and epithelium renovation in colitis mice via activating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling
Authors: Yu Zhi-lun , Gao Rui-yang , Lv Cheng , Geng Xiao-long , Ren Yi-jing , Zhang Jing , Ren Jun-yu , Wang Hao , Ai Fang-bin , Wang Zi-yi , Zhang Bei-bei , Liu Dong-hui , Yue Bei , Wang Zheng-tao , Dou Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by persistent damage to the intestinal barrier and excessive inflammation, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Current treatments of IBD primarily address inflammation, neglecting epithelial repair. Our previous study has reported the therapeutic potential of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a characteristic saponin from the root of Panax notoginseng, in alleviating acute colitis by reducing mucosal inflammation. In this study we investigated the reparative effects of NGR1 on mucosal barrier damage after the acute injury stage of DSS exposure. DSS-induced colitis mice were orally treated with NGR1 (25, 50, 125 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 10 days. Body weight and rectal bleeding were daily monitored throughout the experiment, then mice were euthanized, and the colon was collected for analysis. We showed that NGR1 administration dose-dependently ameliorated mucosal inflammation and enhanced epithelial repair evidenced by increased tight junction proteins, mucus production and reduced permeability in colitis mice. We then performed transcriptomic analysis on rectal tissue using RNA-sequencing, and found NGR1 administration stimulated the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells and facilitated the repair of epithelial injury; NGR1 upregulated ISC marker Lgr5, the genes for differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), as well as BrdU incorporation in crypts of colitis mice. In NCM460 human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, treatment with NGR1 (100 μM) promoted wound healing and reduced cell apoptosis. NGR1 (100 μM) also increased Lgr5+ cells and budding rates in a 3D intestinal organoid model. We demonstrated that NGR1 promoted ISC proliferation and differentiation through activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Co-treatment with Wnt inhibitor ICG-001 partially counteracted the effects of NGR1 on crypt Lgr5+ ISCs, organoid budding rates, and overall mice colitis improvement. These results suggest that NGR1 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by promoting the regeneration of Lgr5+ stem cells and intestinal reconstruction, at least partially via activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
The mechanism underlying correlation of particulate matter-induced ferroptosis with inflammasome activation and iron accumulation in macrophages
Authors: Park Minkyung , Park Sujeong , Choi Yumin , Cho Young-Lai , Kim Min Jeong , Park Young-Jun , Chung Su Wol , Lee Heedoo , Lee Seon-Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is a global environmental hazard, which affects human health through free radical production, cell death induction, and immune responses. PM activates inflammasomes leading to excessive inflammatory responses and induces ferroptosis, a type of cell death. Despite ongoing research on the correlation among PM-induced ferroptosis, immune response, and inflammasomes, the underlying mechanism of this relationship has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated the levels of PM-induced cell death and immune responses in murine macrophages, J774A.1 and RAW264.7, depending on the size and composition of particulate matter. PM2.5, with extraction ions, induced significant levels of cell death and immune responses; it induces lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which characterize ferroptosis. In addition, inflammasome-mediated cell death occurred owing to the excessive activation of inflammatory responses. PM-induced iron accumulation activates ferroptosis and inflammasome formation through ROS production; similar results were observed in vivo. These results suggest that the link between ferroptosis and inflammasome formation induced by PM, especially PM2.5 with extraction ions, is established through the iron-ROS axis. Moreover, this study can effectively facilitate the development of a new therapeutic strategy for PM-induced immune and respiratory diseases.
PLEKHM2 deficiency induces impaired mitochondrial clearance and elevated ROS levels in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhang Jianchao , Peng Ying , Fu Wanrong , Wang Ruifei , Cao Jinhua , Li Shuang , Tian Xiaoxu , Li Zhonggen , Hua Chongpei , Zhai Yafei , Liu Yangyang , Liu Mengduan , Sun Jihong , Li Xiaowei , Zhao Xiaoyan , Dong Jianzeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 2 (PLEKHM2) is an essential adaptor for lysosomal trafficking and its homozygous truncation have been reported to cause early onset dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanism of PLEKHM2 deficiency in DCM pathogenesis and progression is poorly understood. Here, we generated an in vitro model of PLEKHM2 knockout (KO) induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to elucidate the potential pathogenic mechanism of PLEKHM2-deficient cardiomyopathy. PLEKHM2-KO hiPSC-CMs developed disease phenotypes with reduced contractility and impaired calcium handling. Subsequent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed altered expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function, autophagy and apoptosis in PLEKHM2-KO hiPSC-CMs. Further molecular experiments confirmed PLEKHM2 deficiency impaired autophagy and resulted in accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which triggered increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Importantly, the elevated ROS levels caused oxidative stress-induced damage to nearby healthy mitochondria, resulting in extensive Δψm destabilization, and ultimately leading to impaired mitochondrial function and myocardial contractility. Moreover, ROS inhibition attenuated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, thereby partially rescued PLEKHM2 deficiency-induced disease phenotypes. Remarkably, PLEKHM2-WT overexpression restored autophagic flux and rescued mitochondrial function and myocardial contractility in PLEKHM2-KO hiPSC-CMs. Taken together, these results suggested that impaired mitochondrial clearance and increased ROS levels play important roles in PLEKHM2-deficient cardiomyopathy, and PLEKHM2-WT overexpression can improve mitochondrial function and rescue PLEKHM2-deficient cardiomyopathy.
Spontaneous Small Biskyrmions in a Centrosymmetric Rare-Earth Kagome Ferrimagnet
Authors: Zuo Shulan , Qiao Kaiming , Wang Zhan , Zhang Ying , Jiang Chengbao , Shen Baogen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions with nontrivial topologies have great potential to serve as memory cells in novel spintronic devices. Small skyrmions were theoretically and experimentally confirmed to be generated under the influence of external fields in ferrimagnetic films via Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMIs). However, this topological state has yet to be verified in ferrimagnetic crystals, especially in the absence of external fields and DMIs. Here, spontaneous biskyrmions were directly observed in the Tb0.2Gd0.8Co2 ferrimagnetic crystal with a Kagome lattice using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The high-density biskyrmions exhibited a small size (approximately 50 nm) over a wide temperature range, were closely related to subtle magnetic interaction competition, and coexisted with some broken stripes that could be easily converted into zero-field biskyrmions by utilizing proper field-cooling manipulation. These results can be used to establish a platform for investigating functional sub-50-nm skyrmions in ferrimagnetic crystals and to facilitate advanced applications in magnetic devices.