bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teeth, vomiting and diet: a study of the dental characteristics of seventeen anorexia nervosa patients
Authors: Hurst P S , Lacey L H , Crisp A H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Seventeen anorexia nervosa patients were examined dentally and their dietary histories and eating habits studied. Analysis of the data confirmed earlier observations dental deterioration associated with anorexia nervosa. The deterioration included a pattern of enamel dissolution in cases of vomiting, regurgitation, and/or the consumption of large amounts of citrus fruits; and an altered caries response due to abnormal carbohydrate consumption. Despite the patient's probably insistent denial of 'anorectic' eating habits, the general practitioner should consider the existence of anorexia nervosa in the presence of such abnormal features, especially in young women. The relationship of these findings to larger populations with similar eating habits is discussed.
Free perforation of the small bowel in Crohn's disease
Authors: Croft R J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A rare case of free double ileal perforation in previously asymptomatic and undiagnosed Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum is described. At operation, a primary resection and anastomosis of the diseased bowel was performed. The management of free perforation in Crohn's disease is discussed, together with a review of the literature. It is suggested that the absence of steroids in a previously undiagnosed case may favour primary resection and anastomosis.
Interaction between warfarin and sulphamethoxazole
Authors: Tilstone W J , Gray J M B , Nimmo-Smith R H , Lawson D H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient is described in whom there was strong circumstantial evidence of an interaction between warfarin and co-trimaxazole. To test the validity of this hypothesis a series of in vitro and in vivo human studies were untaken. The results indicate that interaction may occur in which the sulphamethoxazole moiety of co-trimoxazole displaces warfarin from its binding sites on plasma albumin. Nevertheless, this interaction occurs only at high plasma levels of warfarin and is most likely to be clinically significant only in patients receiving high doses of warfarin who have low plasma albumin concentrations. These studies indicate that the use of co-trimoxazole is not contra-indicated in patients receiving warfarin therapy, but care should be exercised, especially in patients with high plasma warfarin:albumin ratios.
A rare presentation of splenic rupture
Authors: Gibbs T J , Sells R A , Bellingham A J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Traumatic rupture of the spleen is a well known problem, complicating many types of abdominal injury. In contrast, a spontaneous rupture is a rare occurrence, mainly associated with a large spleen resulting from infections, the most common in this country being infectious mononucleosis. It is also a rare complication of leukaemias and lymphomas and the case presented here demonstrates a peculiar diagnostic problem.
Longitudinal bone growth of the human femur
Authors: Sissons H A , Kember N F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A study is presented of the histological structure and growth rate of the growth plate at the distal end of the femur in normal children. From a comparison of quantitative histological information from post-mortem specimens with measurements on serial radiographs it is estimated that the distal growth plate contributes about 66% of the total longitudinal growth of the bone. The marked differences between rodent and man indicate that caution is required in extrapolating data from these animals to man.
Dermatoglyphs in skeletal dysplasias
Authors: David T J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Finger and palm print patterns (dermatoglyphs) are formed in very early pregnancy, at about the same time the limbs are developing, and their formation probably depends upon the surface contours of the palms and soles during morphogenesis. Dermatoglyphs are useful in skeletal dysplasias for the detection and study of syndactyly and symphalangism, for dating the onset and the dysplasias, for demonstrating and dating asymmetry, and sometimes for providing specific diagnostic features.
Bone dysplasias and mental functioning
Authors: Jancar J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fourteen patients suffering from various degrees of bone dysplasia and mental handicap with superimposed neuroses or psychotic episodes are reported. Known biochemical and chromosomal causes are noted. Mental states associated with syndromes and mental malfunctioning or impairment because of skeletal defects or other factors are briefly discussed. High IgE was noted in the three cases of bone dysplasias suffering from chromosomal anomalies. Importance of early diagnosis, treatment and genetic counselling in bone dysplasias to prevent mental disorder is emphasized.
Hereditary angio-oedema with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
Authors: Plaza J , Malasit P , Kerr D N 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA patient with hereditary angio-oedema (HAO) developed mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN) under observation. HAO is characterized by an inherited defect of complement-deficiency of C1 esterase. MCGN is often associated with another complement abnormality which leads to depression of serum C3 and there is some evidence that the complement abnormality precedes the nephritis. The coincidence of these two rare diseases in the present patient, and in one previously described, suggests that other complement abnormalities may predispose to the development of MCGN.
Prostaglandins and model aspects of thrombosis
Authors: Westwick J 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe possible role of prostaglandins (PGs) in thrombosis was determined by examining their effects in models of thrombosis which included platelet aggregation (in vitro), blood flow (in vivo) and thrombus formation (in vivo). It was found that blood flow and thrombosis can be effectively modulated by the various types of prostaglandins produced by the blood and the vascular tissue.
Malignant lymphoma and extensive viral wart formation in a patient with intestinal lymphangiectasia and lymphocyte depletion
Authors: Ward M , Le Roux A , Small W P , Sircus W 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient is described, the subject of a previous report (Ross et al., 1971), who subsequently developed gross peripheral mosaic warts and a malignant small bowel lymphoma in association with marked lymphocyte depletion.
Chronic active hepatitis, haemolytic anaemia and Listeria monocytogenes bacteraemia
Authors: Chadwick R G , Graham J M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The association of chronic active hepatitis with haemolytic anaemia is well known. Both conditions may respond to steroid therapy which, in common with other causes of suppressed T-lymphocyte function, predispose to many types of infection. A case is described in which transient Listeria monocytogenes bacteraemia occurred and the patient recovered without antimicrobial therapy.
A comparison of unrefined wheat and rice diets in the management of duodenal ulcer
Authors: Malhotra S L 
Published: December 2008

SummaryTwenty-one chronic duodenal ulcer patients in a rice-eating area were put on to an unrefined wheat diet and twenty-one continued on their previous rice diet. After 5 years only 14% of the first group had had relapses compared with 81% of the second group. A similar 5-year relapse rate (80%) was obtained in a group of thirty patients from another area with a more varied rice diet. The author attributes this difference to the increased mastication required by the unrefined wheat diet, which is associated with an increase in saliva, lower stomach acidity and reduced bile output.
Acute renal failure from the use of acetazolamide (Diamox)
Authors: Higenbottam T , Ogg C S , Saxton H M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The clinical histories of two patients are presented, who both developed haemorrhagic anuria after a short course of therapy with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide (Diamox). The clinical findings, in particular the radiological changes, are illustrated in this potentially fatal condition. The therapeutic success of immediate relief of the ureteric obstruction is emphasized and it is hoped that this report will act as a reminder of the importance of this agent as a cause of anuria.
Potassium depletion in heart failure and its relation to long-term treatment with diuretics: a review of the literature
Authors: Morgan D B , Burkinshaw L , Davidson C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
There have been many studies which suggest that patients with heart failure were potassium depleted. This depletion has been attributed to the use of potent diuretics, and these are now given with either potassium supplements or potassium-retaining diuretics. A detailed examination of the studies suggests that the reported decrease in body potassium compared with the results in healthy persons is not due to the diuretics. It can be partly explained by a failure to match patients and controls in terms of age, and the remaining difference can be explained by muscle wasting. There is therefore no evidence of a potassium depletion in these patients with heart failure.
Multiple endocrine adenomatosis (Type I) and familial hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Jung R T , Grant A M , Davie M , Jenkins D , Chalmers T M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Hyperparathyroidism is the commonest presenting feature in multiple endocrine adenomatosis Type I (MEA Type I), the other manifestations may be delayed for many years or appear only in relatives. A family now diagnosed as MEA Type I, who was previously thought, in 1965, to have familial hyperparathyroidism due to chief cell hyperplasia is now described. The importance is stressed of family surveillance and long-term follow-up in all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Those tests that are essential in the long-term surveillance of the patients and their first degree relatives are discussed.
Advanced carcinoma of the prostate — does the pre-treatment Leydig cell function determine the response to orchidectomy?
Authors: Houghton A L , Jacobs H S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
In a study of twenty patients there was no support for the hypothesis that the response to orchidectomy of patients with advanced prostatic cancer depends on pre-operative Leydig cell function. The only significant prognostic factor was the histological grade of the primary tumour.
Sub-acute thyroiditis and hepatitis in a case of infectious mononucleosisThis case was presented at a meeting of the Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland, on 14th February, 1977.
Authors: Fennell J S , Tomkin G H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A viral aetiology for sub-acute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis has long been postulated although proof has been elusive. Infectious mononucleosis has been associated with sub-acute thyroiditis in only two papers, and histological evidence of sub-acute thyroiditis was lacking in both. A case of sub-acute thyroiditis, confirmed by histology, occurring in a patient with infectious mononucleosis is now reported.
Continuity of care for patients with malignant disease
Authors: Wills L A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The first year of running a new continuing Care Unit for patients with malignant disease demonstrated the importance of continuity of care in their management after curative measures have ceased to be appropriate. This was achieved by regular home visiting by Unit ataff, liaison with home care services and the promise of readmission whenever necessary. As a consequence good relationships with patients, relatives and community services were built up, the average duration of in-patient stay was reduced to 19.6 days and more effective episode care was possible, this being integrated with an understanding of the overall problem.
Special investigations in COCM: biochemical analysis of cardiac biopsies
Authors: Torp A 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The introduction of the endomyocardial biopsy method has permitted unique possibilities to investigate the myocardium. Compared to several other methods described, it is superior for taking serial biopsies on one or more occasions. With already available methods, examination of heart muscle biopsies can be extended to a wide variety of biochemical analyses. The ultimate application of repeated or periodic tissue sampling is the potential of combining static and dynamic studies.
Herbal medicines and veno-occlusive disease in India
Authors: Datta D V , Khuroo M S , Mattocks A R , Aikat B K , Chhuttani P N 
Published: December 2008

SummarySix cases are described of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after medicinal herb ingestion. The herb Heliotropium eichwaldii, taken by three patients, was found to contain the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, heliotrine. Two patients presented with fulminant hepatic failure while the other four patients had a clinical picture suggestive of decompensated cirrhosis. The medical use of this herb may possibly be responsible for a significant proportion of acute and chronic liver disease in India, making it of public health importance.
Demeclocycline in the treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release: with measurement of plasma ADH
Authors: Padfield P L , Hodsman G P , Morton J J 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH) following head injury and meningitis was studied during treatment with demeclocycline, a drug known to produce a reversible nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. No changes were observed during six days of demeclocycline 1200 mg/24 hr but urine output increased significantly, with the production of a dilute urine, when the dose was increased to 2400 mg/24 hr. The patient lost weight, and all biochemical features of the syndrome were rapidly corrected despite an unchanged fluid intake and despite the persistence of high plasma levels of ADH. The rise in serum sodium was accompanied by mild sodium retention, as measured by external balance and exchangeable sodium.A complication of treatment was the development of acute renal failure possibly induced by a nephrotoxic effect of high circulating levels of demeclocyline. On stopping demeclocyline renal function returned to normal and, after some delay, SIADH returned, and was still present 9 months after initial presentation. This confirms earlier reports of the efficacy of demeclocycline in SIADH; but the authors advise caution against increasing the dose above 1200 mg/24 hr.
Comparative trial of perhexiline maleate and oxprenolol in patients with angina pectoris
Authors: Pilcher J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A random single-blind study of oxprenolol against perhexiline has been undertaken in angina pectoris. Both drugs were effective in treatment (P&lt;0·01) but perhexiline was better than oxprenolol (P&lt;0·05), 12 of the 14 patients preferring perhexiline. Offset against this was the greater incidence of side effects with perhexiline, including one patient who later developed peripheral neuropathy. Despite the greater efficacy of perhexiline, it is suggested that side effects should preclude its routine prescription as a drug of first choice in angina pectoris. It should remain of value in the special situations of resistant angina and angina with heart failure or bronchospasm, when its use should be carefully monitored for these side effects.
Viral causes of psychiatric disease
Authors: Crow T J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Current evidence on the role of viruses in the causation of psychiatric illness is reviewed. Herpes simplex encephalitis is relatively well defined but a wider role for this virus, particularly in relation to affective disorders, is suggested by some Scandinavian surveys of antibody titres in psychiatric populations. The extent to which influenzal illnesses and infectious mononucleosis may lead to neurotic, and occasional psychotic, episodes is the subject of controversy. The clinical literature is reviewed on the occurrence of encephalitis-like illnesses with prominent psychiatric and behavioural features. It is pointed out that no reliable criterion exists for differentiating these illnesses from such psychiatric syndromes as schizophrenia. It is suggested that neglect of this borderland area, and perhaps preconceptions concerning the features of ‘organic’ and ‘functional’ psychiatric disease, may have led to an underestimate of the possible role of viruses in the causation of psychiatric disease.
Clinical and haematological screening in recurrent aphthae
Authors: Hutcheon A W , Dagg J H , Mason D K , Wray D , Ferguson M M , Lucie N P 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A series of 328 consecutive out-patients with recurrent aphthae were screened for deficiencies of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12, by examination of the peripheral blood, by assays of serum vitamin B12 and corrected whole blood folate, and estimation of the serum iron and total iron binding capacity; deficiencies were demonstrated in 45 patients (13·7%). Of these, 31 were deficient in iron, 15 in folic acid and 11 in vitamin B12; 11 patients had combined deficiencies.
Of the 45 aphthae patients with deficiencies, 29 had anaemia or demonstrable abnormalities in the red cell indices or stained blood film, and the essay results were confirmatory. In the remaining 16 patients, no red cell changes were present, and diagnosis depended entirely on reduced levels of serum vitamin B12, whole blood folate or iron saturation of transferrin; such latent deficiencies occurred only with iron and folic acid, whereas all patients with vitamin B12 deficiency even without anaemia had morphological changes in the blood.
Individual patients with a deficiency could not be distinguished from those without a deficiency on the basis of clinical examination of the mouth ulcers. However, aphthae patients who also had glossitis or angular cheilitis were more likely to suffer from such deficiencies.
Thirty-nine of the deficient aphthae patients available for follow-up were assessed at least 6 months after appropriate replacement therapy; 23 showed a complete remission of ulcers, 11 were improved and 5 were not helped.
It is suggested that the considerable incidence of deficiencies found in this series and the clinical and haematological response to replacement therapy confirms the need for full screening of patients with re-recurrent aphthae. Since 16 out of 45 of these patients had no anaemia or morphological abnormalities in the peripheral blood, their deficiencies would have been missed on routine haematological examination alone; for this reason it is recommended that screening should also include estimation of the serum iron and total iron-binding capacity, whole blood folate and, possibly vitamin B12.
Limb salvage by femoral profundaplasty
Authors: Pollock A V 
Published: December 2008

Summary
One hundred and seven profundaplasties have been performed for rest pain or gangrene due to advanced arterial degeneration below the inguinal ligament. Local anaesthesia was used for 78 operations. There were 19 early failures (2 deaths and 17 amputations) and 16 later amputations. During 4·5 years of follow-up, 25 other patients have died. The results for diabetic gangrene were worse than for other indications.
The search for the ideal influenza vaccine
Authors: Davenport F M 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe history of the development of influenza virus vaccine is traced from its origin with experimental studies of influenza virus in ferrets and mice and the first trials in man. Knowledge of the basis of immunity to the viruses in experimental animals and in man has grown steadily over the years and has been essential to successful immunization. Virus variation affecting the surface antigens of the virus is seen as the principal obstacle to the application of vaccines in man. So significant are the changes occurring during antigenic drift that former concepts of a polyvalent vaccine cannot provide a solution of the problem of the composition of vaccines. Disrupted virus vaccines appear to provide the answer to the prevention of vaccine reactions.
Bile acid, neutral sterol and faecal fat excretion in subjects treated with fenfluramine and its relationship to fenfluramine-induced diarrhoea
Authors: Sian M S , Rains A J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Bile acid, neutral sterol and faecal fat excretion was studied over a period of 9 weeks in a group of 16 healthy subjects before, during and after administration of fenfluramine. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in bile acid excretion during the drug phase (P &lt; 0.02); and during recovery period of 3 weeks (P &lt; 0.05). Faecal neutral sterol, as the total of coprostanol and cholesterol elimination was also enhanced after fenfluramine. Coprostanol was replaced by cholesterol in 12 subjects. Faecal fat was studied in 6 subjects, the excretion increased during the drug phase (P &lt; 0.05), and remained elevated during the post-drug period (P &lt; 0.01). The composition of the bile acids remained unaltered in all the subjects except 3 who had a fenfluramine-induced watery diarrhoea; and these excreted chenodeoxy and cholic together with smaller amounts of secondary bile acids. A higher excretion of bile acids was found in the 8 overweight subjects (P &lt; 0.01) before ministration of fenfluramine.
These results are discussed in an attempt to correlate the effect of fenfluramine with changes in bile acid and neutral sterol excretion, and its relationship to fenfluramine-induced diarrhoea.
Riedel's thyroiditis leading to severe but reversible pituitary failure
Authors: Kelly W F , Mashiter K , Taylor S , Joplin G F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
This patient with histologically proved Riedel's thyroiditis had hypothyroidism of sufficient severity to cause panhypopituitarism, and it was this which first brought him to medical attention. The beneficial effects are described of surgery in relieving severe dysphagia and stridor, and of prednisone in softening and shrinking the hard neck mass. The extent of pituitary failure, and the degree of recovery on treatment with thyroxine are reported, together with details of 4 other cases of Riedel's thyroiditis seen by one of the authors (S.T.).
Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis: report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Bailey P , Groden B M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disorder affecting mainly children and adolescents, and is usually fatal. However, there is increasing evidence that the aetiology of this condition is immunological, and that immunosuppressives may prolong remission.
Two cases are reported, one of which has the atypical feature of a malabsorption syndrome. This has not been previously reported. The literature is reviewed and current ideas on the postulated immunological basis to IPH are discussed.