bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kikuchi disease in Asian children
Authors: Chen Ching K , Low Yee , Akhilesh Meenakshi , Jacobsen Anette S 
Published: February 2006

Objectives: Kikuchi disease is a benign, self‐limiting condition of unknown aetiology, often manifesting as cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. The disease usually manifests itself in adulthood and paediatric reports are uncommon. The aims of this study are to report the features of Kikuchi disease in the local paediatric population, and to raise the awareness of this entity among clinicians involved in treating these children. Methods: This is a retrospective series of nine paediatric cases of Kikuchi disease treated in KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore. The clinical presentation, subsequent clinical course and laboratory findings of these patients were reviewed. Results: The patients ranged in age from 7 to 16 years, and included six males and three females. All nine patients presented with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Hepatosplenomegaly was present in one child. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was raised to variable extents, but there was no other significant haematological, serological or microbiological abnormality. In all cases the diagnosis was made on the basis of histological findings. Conclusions: Kikuchi disease in the paediatric population is not as uncommon as previously thought, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any child with fever of unknown origin or cervical lymphadenopathy. Early recognition will minimize unnecessary investigations and prolonged empirical treatments.
Mini‐dose glucagon rescue for mild hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes: The Brisbane experience
Authors: Hartley Mary , Thomsett Michael J , Cotterill Andrew M 
Published: February 2006

Objectives: To evaluate the use of small doses of glucagon using an insulin syringe in mild or impending hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Data were collected from patients attending the Paediatric Diabetes Clinic at the Queensland Diabetes Centre at the Mater Hospital, Brisbane in 2002–2004 following the institution of a new protocol for home management of mild or impending hypoglycaemia associated with inability or refusal to take oral carbohydrate. The protocol recommended the use of subcutaneous injections of glucagon using insulin syringes at a dose of two ‘units’ (20 μg) in children 2 years of age or younger, and for older children one unit per year of age up to a maximum of 15 units (150 μg), with an additional doubled dose given if the blood glucose had not increased in 20 min. Results: Over a 2‐year period, 25 children were treated with mini‐dose glucagon on a total of 38 occasions. Additional doses were required for recurring hypoglycaemia on 20 (53%) occasions. The child could be managed at home on 32 (84%) of these 38 occasions, with only 6 (16%) children needing hospital treatment. Conclusions: Our study confirmed that small doses of glucagon given subcutaneously with an insulin syringe is a simple, practical and effective home treatment of mild or impending hypoglycaemia due to gastroenteritis or food refusal in children with type 1 diabetes.
Clinical predictors of pathological gastro‐oesophageal reflux in infants with persistent distress
Authors: Heine Ralf G , Jordan Brigid , Lubitz Lionel , Meehan Michele , Catto‐Smith Anthony G 
Published: February 2006

Background: Gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) is common in infants with persistent crying. Empirical treatment with antireflux medications is common practice, although on clinical grounds it may be difficult to determine whether GOR is abnormal. Aims: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical predictors of pathological GOR in infants with persistent crying. Methods: One hundred and fifty‐one infants (82 male; median age 2.5 months, range 0.5–8.2  months) with persistent crying were prospectively studied. Crying and fussing were charted for 24 h, and parents completed a validated questionnaire on reflux symptoms. All infants underwent oesophageal 24‐h pH monitoring. Results: Twenty‐seven (17.9%) infants had pathological GOR with a fractional reflux time (FRT) >10%. There was no significant association between total crying duration per 24  and FRT (P = 0.84) or the number of reflux episodes (P = 0.68). Pathological GOR was more common in infants under 3 months, compared to older infants (P = 0.04). Feeding difficulties were significantly associated with pathological GOR (P = 0.02). Backarching was not increased in infants with GOR (P = 0.30). Pathological GOR was significantly associated with the frequency of regurgitation (P = 0.04), but not with vomitus volume (P = 0.62). Regurgitation more than 5 times daily was the most specific reflux symptom (specificity 70.9%), but was a poor predictor of pathological GOR (positive predictive value 22.2%). In the absence of frequent regurgitation or feeding difficulties, pathological GOR was unlikely (negative predictive value 87–90%). Conclusions: Investigation and treatment of GOR in infants with persistent crying should be primarily directed at infants presenting with frequent regurgitation or feeding difficulties.
Does measuring respiratory function improve neonatal ventilation?
Authors: Klimek Jan , Morley Colin John , Lau Rosalind , Davis Peter Graham 
Published: February 2006

Aims: To determine whether using a respiratory function monitor alters clinicians' choice of ventilator settings, tidal volumes or blood gases in the first 48 h of ventilation. Methods: Clinicians were trained to use a respiratory function monitor to optimize neonatal ventilation. Thirty‐five infants, weighing < 2 kg, treated with the Infant Star ventilator were randomized to have a respiratory function monitor display visible or concealed. All reasons for altering ventilator settings were noted. Data on ventilator parameters and clinical care were collected hourly. The primary outcome was the mean peak pressure used during the first 48 h. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in peak pressures, tidal volumes or arterial carbon dioxide levels between the two groups. Conclusions: Using the Florian respiratory function monitor in the first 48 h of ventilation with the Infant Star ventilator did not alter the choice of ventilator settings, tidal or minute volumes or arterial blood gases. Possible explanations for this result include lack of power due to the small numbers recruited and bias due to the unblinded nature of the trial.
Candida peritonitis: A rare complication following early dislodgement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
Authors: Sridhar Arani V , Nichani Sanjiv , Luyt David , Nour Shawqui 
Published: February 2006

Abstract:  Candida peritonitis is a rare but potentially fatal complication of early dislodgement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tube. We report the case of 12‐year‐old boy who developed Candida peritonitis subsequent to early dislodgement of PEG tube. PEG tubes may be prone to accidental dislodgement or removal by patients or carers. This complication has to be recognized early in order to avoid the risk of peritonitis. In our case the patient initially developed coliform peritonitis followed by peritoneal and systemic candidiasis. The patient needed ventilatory support, inotropic support, broad‐spectrum antibiotics, total parenteral nutrition and antifungal agents liposomal amphotericin and flucytosine. Conclusion: Early dislodged PEG tubes should be recognized early in order to avoid the risk of peritonitis and managed by endoscopic or surgical replacement rather than blind replacement by the appropriately skilled personnel.
Pathological evaluation of orbital tumours in Japan: analysis of a large case series and 1379 cases reported in the Japanese literature
Authors: Shikishima Keigo , Kawai Kazushige , Kitahara Kenji 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPurpose:  To review epidemiological features of orbital tumours in Japan.Methods:  Retrospective, observational case series and systematic review. A total of 104 patients with orbital tumours collected at the authors’ institution during 1983–2002 were assessed. In addition, 1379 cases from a large series of orbital tumours diagnosed by histopathological analysis that were previously published in Japanese ophthalmological journals from 1980 to 2004 were analysed.Results:  After combining the current data with the previously published cases, there were a total of 1483 lesions with 47% classified as primary, 30% as secondary and 22% as inflammatory. The most common primary tumour was malignant lymphoma (12%) followed by pleomorphic adenoma (7%). Carcinomas from the lung, breast and thyroid were found to predominate among orbital metastases. Inflammatory pseudotumour had the highest lesion frequency (18%).Conclusions:  Malignant lymphoma by far was found to have the most dramatic increases within the recent reported series. Pleomorphic adenomas in Japan were found to be much more common compared with that reported for American and European studies.
Glaucoma management trends in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Gaskin Brent J , Carroll Stuart C , Gamble Greg , Goldberg Ivan , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:  To describe self‐reported patterns of care for glaucoma of ophthalmologists in Australia and New Zealand and summarize current practice styles and patterns associated with glaucoma management.Methods:  A questionnaire of glaucoma management practices was mailed to all ophthalmologists registered with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists in June 2003. The questionnaire assessed practice preferences for medical management, examination techniques and indications for surgery. The results were cross‐tabulated by age, country and subspecialty training in glaucoma.Results:  Fifty‐one per cent of 761 surveys were returned, 14% being from glaucoma specialists. New Zealand ophthalmologists proceeded to surgical management of glaucoma earlier than did their Australian colleagues. Australian ophthalmologists tended to use argon laser trabeculoplasty more frequently. Ninety‐six per cent of ophthalmologists routinely use gonioscopy in diagnosing glaucoma. Disc drawings and recording cup:disc ratios were the most commonly used methods of documenting disc morphology; glaucoma specialists were more likely to use imaging technologies. SITA‐Standard 24‐2 was the most commonly used modality of perimetry, and was favoured by glaucoma specialists.Conclusions:  This survey represents the first Australian and New Zealand effort to identify glaucoma management practices. Although a substantial consensus was found in most areas of treatment, a few areas showed diversity. The information gathered will enable ophthalmologists to compare their own practices with those of their colleagues. In addition, this survey provides a baseline allowing future trends in management to be determined.
2005 Gregg Lecture: Congenital cataract – from rubella to genetics
Authors: Mackey David A 
Published: February 2006

AbstractOn the 65th anniversary of Gregg's observation ‘Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother’, rubella has retired as the leading cause of congenital cataract, from 87% of Gregg's cohort to less than 3% over the last 25 years and almost zero now in Australia and other developed countries. However, people must keep vigilance in maintaining immunization rates and encourage immunization in developing countries. At least one‐fifth of congenital cataract is familial. Understanding the genetics of familial cataract will lead to better treatment of congenital as well as age‐related cataract.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai
Authors: AN H. S. , HAN S. J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe developed 17 new microsatellite markers in Haliotis discus hannai. All loci were found to be polymorphic with an average of 13.1 alleles per locus (range 3–28). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.77 (range 0.17–1.00) and 0.79 (range 0.42–0.96), respectively. Six loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg proportions, and thus should be used with caution. The high variabilities revealed in this study suggest that these microsatellite loci should provide useful markers for studies of trait mapping, kinship and population genetics.
Microsatellite DNA loci in the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus
Authors: AN H. S. , KIM J. W. , PARK J. Y. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNine novel microsatellite loci were isolated from Oplegnathus fasciatus by screening an enriched genomic library using nonradioactive PCR (polymerase chain reaction) techniques. All loci were found to be polymorphic with an average of 8.1 alleles per locus (range 3–15). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.71 (range 0.40–1.00) and 0.74 (range 0.50–0.90), respectively. Two loci showed significant Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium at the P < 0.05 level. The high variabilities revealed in this study suggest that these microsatellite loci should provide useful markers for genetic variation monitoring of O. fasciatus.
Characterization of six polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Hymenocallis coronaria (J. LeConte) Kunth (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: MARKWITH S. H. , SCANLON M. J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated from the allotetraploid aquatic plant Hymenocallis coronaria. A repeat‐enriched genomic library was constructed and primer pairs designed, resulting in six polymorphic loci. A total of 230 individuals were genotyped, and allelic richness per locus ranged from three to 11, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.017 to 0.570. Some amplified products were excised from agarose gel and sequenced to confirm primer specificity and mutation model. These are the first microsatellite markers developed for any member of this genus, and cross‐amplification was successful with the only other member of the genus tested and with a member of the related genus Zephyranthes.
Microsatellite loci for studies on population differentiation and connectivity of the red‐bellied yellow tail fusilier, Caesio cuning (Caesionidae)
Authors: ABLAN MA. CARMEN A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTen polymorphic microsatellites were isolated from the red‐bellied yellow tail fusilier Caesio cuning, a reef‐associated fish which occurs widely in the Indo‐Pacific region. The species is exploited by both small‐scale and commercial fisheries. Fifty individuals from six populations were genotyped using primers that reliably amplified 10 polymorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to 11. Observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged between 0.400 to 0.880 and 0.337 to 0.843, respectively. These microsatellite loci may be used to study population structure, genetic diversity and connectivity of C. cuning in the range of its distribution.
Development and use of anchored‐SSRs to study DNA polymorphism in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: SINGH RAVINDER , KUMAR NEERAJ , BANDOPADHYAY RAJIB , RUSTGI SACHIN , SHARMA SHAILENDRA , BALYAN HARINDRA SINGH , GUPTA PUSHPENDRA KUMAR 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn bread wheat, 21 anchored simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs detecting SSR length polymorphism and 42 anchored SSR primers detecting microsatellite‐anchored fragment length polymorphisms (MFLPs) are reported. Eight bread wheat genotypes were used for detecting polymorphism. The number of alleles in SSR analysis ranged from two to six, with a mean of 2.9 alleles per SSR. The number of polymorphic bands in MFLP ranged from two to 40, with a mean of 12.74 polymorphic bands/primer combination, the SSRs with CT/GA motifs giving the highest level of polymorphism (a mean of 18.37 bands). The average value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.473 for SSRs and 0.061 for MFLP.
Microsatellite DNA markers for the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum (Percidae), and their potential utility for other darter species
Authors: TONNIS BRANDON D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe rainbow darter Etheostoma caeruleum is a small fish in the perch family (Percidae) that is adapted to fast‐flowing streams in eastern North America. It is relatively sensitive to habitat degradation and is widely used as a sentinel of stream condition. To provide a complementary tool for assessing the integrity of stream ecosystems, 16 highly polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were identified for these darters. Between four and 16 loci were found to be useful in five congeneric species. These markers will be useful for characterizing population genetic structure and diversity of rainbow darters and related fishes.
A set of polymorphic EST‐derived markers for Picea species
Authors: LAMOTHE MANUEL , MEIRMANS PATRICK , ISABEL NATHALIE 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA pooled DNA method was used to produce fully informative EST (expressed sequence tag)‐derived markers for the Picea genus. Nine markers were produced from 10 cDNA identified as candidates for cold tolerance or embryogenesis. Indels and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were characterized from sequences obtained from pools of 10 individuals for each of the three species: Picea glauca (white spruce), Picea mariana (black spruce) and Picea abies (Norway spruce). Indels were present in 28% of the sequences and SNPs with a frequency greater than 10% were present on average in 1.2% of the positions.
Microsatellite markers for the palaeotropic pioneer tree genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) and their cross‐species transferability
Authors: GUICKING DANIELA , RANA TIKAM S. , BLATTNER FRANK R. , WEISING KURT 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe developed primer sequences for five polymorphic microsatellite loci in the tropical ant‐plant genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae). Population genetic parameters were determined on the basis of 30 individuals from each of two Macaranga species in Borneo. Allele numbers per locus ranged from three to 13. Expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.160 to 0.850 and from 0.130 to 0.700, respectively. Four of the five primer pairs cross‐amplify polymorphic PCR products in a wide range of Macaranga species.
Digitising History From Below: The Old Bailey Proceedings Online, 1674–1834
Authors: Hitchcock Tim , Shoemaker Robert 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe Old Bailey Proceedings Online has made available in a fully searchable online edition the largest body of texts detailing the lives of non‐elite people ever published. This article explains the origins, methodologies and outcomes of this project, and assesses how the website has been used in academic teaching and research since its launch in 2003. The limitations as well as the benefits of providing access to primary research materials in this medium are considered. It concludes with an outline of current plans for the digitisation, and integration into the current website, of further substantial bodies of digitised sources on related topics.
Ethnogenesis: A Contested Model of Early Medieval Europe
Authors: Gillett Andrew 
Published: February 2006

AbstractRecent research in late antique and early medieval history has paid much attention to ‘Ethnogenesis’. The historical model associated with this term explains the change from the classical world to medieval conditions as the effect of ethnic identification supplanting Hellenistic forms of public discourse. Culturally specific dynamics of ethnicity, arising from proto‐historical northern Europe, are seen as the engines of change. Recent critiques of the approach, however, see both its methodology and historiographic assumptions as problematic. This article seeks to clarify the current debate, to set out the questions of evidence and interpretation for interested Medievalists, and to draw the attention of non‐Medievalists to this historiographic debate over interpretative models for one of the major revolutions in western history.History Compass’ first PODCAST is now availableThe podcast is a discussion between Professor Felice Lifshitz, History Compass’ medieval Europe editor, and Dr Andrew Gillett, a published History Compass author. They examine Dr Gillet's published essay, ‘Ethnogenesis: A Contested Model of Early Medieval Europe’ and ask: What is ethnogenesis? What are the questions of evidence and interpretation for interested Medievalists? How do we draw the attention of non‐Medievalists to the historiographic debate over interpretative models for one of the major revolutions in western history? Click here to launch the podcast: http://wiley.cdn.palmerhargreaves.com/podcast/hic3/hic3‐01.mp3 (mp3 file, 14.4 MB, 20 minutes 33 seconds).
Influence of Lamotrigine and Topiramate onMDR1Expression in Difficult‐to‐Treat Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Wang‐Tilz Ying , Tilz Christian , Wang Bing , Tilz Gernot P. , Stefan Hermann 
Published: February 2006

Summary: Purpose:Overexpression of the multiple drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) was quantified in brain tissue fromCoriarialactone (CL)‐kindled Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats after treatment with lamotrigine (LTG) or topiramate (TPM) and compared with that found in rats treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA).Methods:Twenty‐five CL‐kindled SD rats were randomized into five groups (n = 5 for each group) to receive once‐daily feeding of CBZ, VPA, TPM, and LTG as the monotherapy equivalent of maximum human adult dosage,or normal saline (NS control) for 1 month. The expression of P‐gp in brain tissues of all rats was quantified by using an image analysis and measuring system (Image Pro‐plus 4.0). Mean area and mean integrated optical density (mean IOD) of P‐gp expression were calculated. In addition, the changes in seizure severity were analyzed via video‐camera monitoring.Results:A significant decrease in the number and duration of seizures with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment was observed in the TPM and LTG groups. The mean area and mean IOD of P‐gp expression were highest in the CBZ group and next highest in the VPA group; much lower values were measured in the TPM and LTG groups, and the lowest in the NS control group (p < 0.05).Conclusions:TPM and LTG significantly inhibited seizures in this CL model. The expression of P‐gp was not significantly increased by TPM or LTG treatment in this study.
Serotonin Depletion Attenuates AY‐9944–Mediated Atypical Absence Seizures
Authors: Bercovici Eduard , Cortez Miguel A. , Wang Xiaomei , Snead O. Carter 
Published: February 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To test the hypothesis that serotonin (5‐HT) plays a role in the modulation of experimental atypical absence seizures. Methods: Male Long‐Evans hooded rats were treated from postnatal day (P) 2 to P20 with the cholesterol inhibitor AY‐9944 (AY). Epidural electrodes were implanted for electrocorticography (ECoG) followed by serotonin depletion by using para‐cholorophenylalanine (PCPA). High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the levels of serotonin and its metabolite (5‐HIAA) in various brain regions. Serotonin metabolism was computed by using the 5‐HIAA/5‐HT ratio and used to ascertain differences between groups. Results: PCPA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in the total slow spike‐and‐wave discharge (SSWD) duration in AY‐treated rats compared with controls (p < 0.01). HPLC data confirmed the PCPA depletion of 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA in cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem compared with naïve rats. AY‐treated rats showed higher levels of 5‐HIAA and 5‐HT in the same brain regions, with a concomitant decrease in rates of serotonin turnover. Conclusions: The data indicate that serotonin depletion protects against experimental atypical absence seizures. The increased levels of 5‐HIAA and 5‐HT and altered rates of serotonin turnover suggest that the serotonergic neurotransmission may be perturbed in the AY rat.