bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of continuous 24‑hour and 14‑day ECG monitoring for the detection of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with ischemic stroke or syncope
Authors: Chen Wei‐Cheng , Wu Yu‐Lin , Hsu Yu‐Cheng , Hsu Jen‐Te , Tseng Hung‐Pin , Chen Chao‐Chin , Chiang Meng‐Hsiu , Hsiao Ju‐Feng , Chin See‐Khong , Huang Ying‐Li , Lei Meng‐Huan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies show that using 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or 24‐h ECG monitor for the detection of cardiac arrhythmia events in patients with stroke or syncope is ineffective.HypothesisThe 14‐day continuous ECG patch has higher detection rates of arrhythmias compared with conventional 24‐h ECG monitoring in patients with ischemic stroke or syncope.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study of patients with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke or syncope received a 24‐h ECG monitoring and 14‐day continuous cardiac monitoring patch and the arrhythmia events were measured.ResultsThis study enrolled 83 patients with ischemic stroke or syncope. The detection rate of composite cardiac arrhythmias was significantly higher for the 14‐day ECG patch than 24‐h Holter monitor (69.9% vs. 21.7%, p = .006). In patients with ischemic stroke, the detection rates of cardiac arrhythmias were 63.4% for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), 7% for ventricular tachycardia (VT), 5.6% for atrial fibrillation (AF), 4.2% for atrioventricular block (AVB), and 1.4% for pause by 14‐day ECG patch, respectively. The significant difference in arrhythmic detection rates were found for SVT (45.8%), AF (6%), pause (1.2%), AVB (2.4%), and VT (9.6%) by 14‐day ECG patch but not by 24‐h Holter monitor in patients with ischemic stroke or syncope.ConclusionsA 14‐day ECG patch can be used on patients with ischemic stroke or syncope for the early detection of AF or other cardiac arrhythmia events. The patch can be helpful for physicians in planning medical or mechanical interventions of patients with ischemic stroke and occult AF.
The Emergence of a Polar Nematic Phase: A Chemist's Insight into the Ferroelectric Nematic Phase
Authors: Cruickshank Ewan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe discovery of a new polar nematic phase; the ferroelectric nematic, has generated a great deal of excitement in the field of liquid crystals. To date there have been around 150 materials reported exhibiting the ferroelectric nematic phase, in general, following three key archetypal structures with these compounds known as RM734, DIO and UUQU‐4N. In this review, the relationship between the molecular structure and the stability of the ferroelectric nematic, NF, phase will be described from a chemist's perspective. This will look to highlight the wide variety of functionalities which have been incorporated into these archetypal structures and how these changes influence the transition temperatures of the mesophases present. The NF phase appears to be stabilised particularly by reducing the length of terminal alkyl chains present and adding fluorines laterally along the length of the molecular backbone. This review will look to introduce the background of the ferroelectric nematic phase before then showing the molecular structures of a range of materials which exhibit the phase, describing their structure–property relationships and therefore giving an up–to–date account of the literature for this fascinating new mesophase.
IoT energy efficiency routing protocol using FHO‐based clustering and improved CSO model‐based routing in MANET
Authors: Sanshi Shridhar , N Karthik , Vatambeti Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

SummaryMany protocols, services, and electrical devices with built‐in sensors have been developed in response to the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of a collection of autonomous mobile nodes that can form an ad hoc network in the absence of any pre‐existing infrastructure. System performance may suffer due to the changeable topology of MANETs. Since most mobile hosts operate on limited battery power, energy consumption poses the biggest challenge for MANETs. Both network lifetime and throughput improve when energy usage is reduced. However, existing approaches perform poorly in terms of energy efficiency. Scalability becomes a significant issue in large‐scale networks as they grow, leading to overhead associated with routing updates and maintenance that can become unmanageable. This article employs a MANET routing protocol combined with an energy conservation strategy. The clustering hierarchy is used in MANETs to maximize the network's lifespan, considering its limited energy resources. In the MANET communication process, the cluster head (CH) is selected using Fire Hawk Optimization (FHO). When choosing nodes to act as a cluster for an extended period, CH election factors in connectivity, mobility, and remaining energy. This process is achieved using an optimized version of the Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, utilizing Improved Chicken Swarm Optimization (ICSO). In comparison to existing protocols and optimization techniques, the proposed method offers an extended network lifespan ranging from 90 to 160 h and reduced energy consumption of 80 to 110 J, as indicated by the implementation results.
Hypoxia expedites the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by promoting the CPT1A‐mediated fatty acid oxidative pathway
Authors: Liang Zhou , He Hongsheng , Zhang Bing , Kai Zhentian , Zong Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHypoxia has been reported to promote the proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer, while the special mechanism was still unclear. HIF‐1α/carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1A (CPT1A) was found to be associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) but the biological role of CPT1A in PTC was not explored. The effects of hypoxia and carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1A (CPT1A) expression on PTC cells were determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay, detection of oxidative stress, inflammation response and mitochondrial membrane motential (MMP). Oil Red O staining and the detection of free fatty acids were performed to assess the status of lipid metabolism. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess cell apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot analysis were applied to investigate the expressions of CPT1A and HIF‐1α and the molecules involved cell function. The expressions of CPT1A and HIF‐1α were significantly increased in PTC cells with or without hypoxia treatment. CPT1A overexpression or silencing promoted or inhibited cell viability, and hypoxia further repressed cell viability. In addition, CPT1A overexpression alleviates hypoxia‐induced increased oxidative stress, inflammation response and elevated MMP. CPT1A overexpression enhanced palmitic acid‐induced decreased cell growth, enhanced the metabolic capacity of free fatty acid and suppressed cell apoptosis. Animal experiments showed that CPT1A overexpression promoted PTC tumor growth, reduced lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as enhancing cell function indicators. However, CPT1A silencing showed the opposite effects both in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia induces the high expression of HIF‐1α/CPT1A, thereby reprogramming the lipid metabolism of PTC cells for adapting the hypoxia environment, meanwhile inhibiting the cell damage and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress.
Momentary appearance focused self‐concept is associated with dietary restraint and binge eating in female university students: An experience sampling study
Authors: Nicoletta Juliana , Mosco Rose , Enouy Sarah , Tabri Nassim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveAppearance focused self‐concept (i.e., overvaluing the importance of appearance for self‐definition and self‐worth) is theorized to predict dietary restraint and binge eating in the short‐term (e.g., daily life). Yet, no research has examined whether appearance focused self‐concept increases within‐persons during a day and if such increases are linked to greater dietary restraint and binge eating for that day. We addressed this gap in knowledge.MethodSixty‐three female university students completed four items from the Beliefs About Appearance Scale as a measure of appearance focused self‐concept six times per day (9 am, 11 am, 1 pm, 3 pm, 5 pm, and 7 pm) for 14 days. Daily at 9 pm, they completed measures of dietary restraint and binge eating for that day.ResultsAnalyzing data from 555 days, latent growth curve analyses revealed a small‐to‐moderate linear increase in appearance focused self‐concept from 9 am to 3 pm that plateaued from 3 to 7 pm. A more rapid linear increase in appearance focused self‐concept from 9 am to 3 pm was associated with greater binge‐eating frequency during that day, but not with dietary restraint. The findings were observed when adjusting for between‐day appearance focused self‐concept at 9 am, which was positively associated with dietary restraint and binge‐eating frequency.DiscussionFindings are discussed in relation to research on appearance focused self‐concept as a risk factor for disordered eating. Findings are also discussed in relation to how sociocultural factors may increase appearance focused self‐concept over time. Future research should delve into the within‐day dynamic interplay between appearance focused self‐concept and disordered eating.Public significanceOur study revealed a noteworthy increase in the importance women attach to their appearance over the course of a day, correlating with increased binge eating during that day. Additionally, heightened appearance importance at the onset of a day was associated with more dietary restraint and binge eating during that day. These findings suggest a shorter timescale for the connection between appearance importance and disordered eating than previously understood.
Timing matters in (mis)identifying moderators and mediators of digital interventions for eating disorders: Commentary on McClure et al. (2023)
Authors: Schleider Jessica L. , Smith Arielle C. , Graham Andrea K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis commentary addresses the challenges in identifying consistent moderators and mediators of psychological treatments for eating disorders (EDs), as highlighted by McClure et al. (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2023) in their systematic review. Specifically, we discuss the often‐overlooked importance of temporal context (when an intervention is delivered), alongside sociodemographic and symptom type (for whom an intervention is delivered), in understanding and optimizing treatment engagement and effectiveness. We outline how individuals' fluctuating levels of motivation and receptivity across different “pivotal moments” in the help‐seeking process—including initial outreach and self‐screening, ongoing care engagement, and post‐discharge—can dynamically impact interventions' relevance and impacts. We also overview how Just‐In‐Time Adaptive Interventions in digital mental health interventions can be harnessed to simultaneously consider “when” and “for whom” ED interventions can exert the greatest benefits. We conclude with several recommendations for conducting ED intervention and implementation research that integrate timing into support delivery and study design, enabling a deeper understanding of not just how and for whom, but when, ED interventions can be most effective.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of bone disease in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Verheyen Nicolas , Schmid Johannes , Kolesnik Ewald , Schwegel Nora , Späth Johannes , Kattnig Lydia , Riepl Hermann , Zach David , Santner Viktoria , Höller Viktoria , Pilz Stefan , Tomaschitz Andreas , Fuchsjäger Michael , Fahrleitner‐Pammer Astrid , Dimai Hans Peter , Obermayer‐Pietsch Barbara , Fruhwald Friedrich , Scherr Daniel , Zirlik Andreas , von Lewinski Dirk , Ablasser Klemens 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsChronic heart failure is associated with a bone‐catabolic state and increases the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. Prospective studies investigating the clinical relevance of bone disease in heart failure are lacking. We aimed to assess the prevalence and prognostic impact of osteoporosis and vertebral fractures (VFs) in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsSymptomatic outpatients with chronic heart failure and a previous diagnosis of overtly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% on stable, optimal HFrEF therapy and left ventricular ejection fraction < 50% at enrolment were included into a prospective single‐centre study. Osteoporosis was determined with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and defined as a T‐score ≤ 2.5 at any site. VFs were assessed using X‐ray of both thoracic and lumbar spine applying the semiquantitative Genant score. We enrolled 205 patients (22% women), with a median age of 66 (IQR 58–74) years. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 37 (IQR 30–43) % and median N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide was 964 (IQR 363–2173) pg/mL. Osteoporosis, as defined by bone mineral density, and at least one VF were prevalent in 31 (15%) and 29 patients (14%). Osteoporosis or VF were present in 55 patients (27%) and 5 patients (2%) had both osteoporosis and a VF. During a median follow‐up of 4.7 (IQR 4.0–5.3) years, 18 patients (9%) died due to cardiovascular (CV) cause, and 46 patients (22%) had a worsening heart failure (WHF) hospitalization. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, presence of VF independently predicted CV death (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.04–7.65, P = 0.042), WHF hospitalizations (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.18–4.82, P = 0.015), and a composite endpoint of CV death and WHF hospitalizations (HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.23–4.82, P = 0.011). Osteoporosis was not significantly associated with CV events.ConclusionsIn a prospective study, bone disease affected every fourth patient with HFrEF, and patients with VF at baseline had a two‐fold risk of subsequent CV death or WHF hospitalization. Prevalent bone disease, particularly VF, should be considered as a clinically relevant comorbidity in HFrEF.
Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) caused abnormal lipid metabolism in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) liver: Insight from the gut microbiota–liver axis
Authors: Fu Bing , Ma Huawei , Yang Huici , Zheng Mengping , Zhang Junming , Li Yichao , Du Yihui , Wang Guangjun , Tian Jingjing , Zhang Kai , Xia Yun , Li Zhifei , Gong Wangbao , Li Hongyan , Xie Jun , Yang Huirong , Yu Ermeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBroad bean (Vicia faba L.) has received attention from the food and animal feed industries as a sustainable, inexpensive, and versatile plant‐based protein source. However, long‐term consumption of broad bean, especially unprocessed ones, can lead to hepatic lipid accumulation. To investigate how broad bean affected hepatic lipid metabolism and its underlying mechanisms, we conducted a multi‐omics analysis of crisp grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus C. et V) model with hepatic steatosis after feeding with single broad bean for 120 days. The glycolysis inhibition, increased de novo lipogenesis, abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and activation of oxidative stress were the key processes involved in broad bean‐induced hepatic lipid accumulation. Disturbances in intestinal flora caused by damage to the intestinal barrier and increased lipopolysaccharide caused by broad bean promoted hepatic lipid accumulation. Reduction of antinutritional factors and balanced diet offer potential strategies to mitigate the liver damage caused by broad bean consumption. Overall, our findings provided a theoretical basis for the wide application of broad bean as animal feeds.
Opportunities in emerging technologies for Southern Africa: How the Global South should adopt to take advantage?
Authors: Mateko Freeman Munisi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe manufacturing sector, energy sector, and mobility businesses can all benefit from the use of emerging technology. A crucial part of modernizing industries is utilizing emerging technologies. This research aimed to examine how the Global South can adopt and maximize emerging technology opportunities. The research was qualitative in nature, and the focus was on economies in the Global South. Random sampling to select 40 economies from the four continents that fall under the Global South which were Africa, Asia and the Pacific, the Arab Region, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Research articles on the subject matter were collected from Google Scholar and other online repositories. Document analysis was used under the data analysis section. This research aimed to examine how the Global South can adopt and maximize emerging technology opportunities. The research findings described challenges, such as poor technological policies, high prices, and taxation, a lack of financial resources, a lack of information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure and limited experts, digital illiteracy, and how illicit financial flows adversely affect the Global South's ability to tap into emerging technologies. In terms of policy recommendations, it was suggested that the Global South needs to design and implement robust ICT policies, mobilize financial resources, and invest in research and development. These policies must be implemented in the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors to ensure meaningful benefits of using emerging technologies.
Analysis of cantharidin‐induced kidney injury and the protective mechanism of resveratrol in mice determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabonomics
Authors: Xiao Yuanyuan , Liu Ruxia , Zhang Xiaoyue , Li Yaofeng , Peng Fang , Tang Wenchao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCantharidin (CTD) is the main active component in the traditional Chinese medicine Mylabris and an effective anti‐tumor agent. However, it is relatively toxic and exhibits nephrotoxicity, which limits its clinical use. However, its toxic mechanism is not clear. The toxic effects of CTD exposure on the kidney and the protective effect of resveratrol (RES) were studied in a mouse model, by determination of serum biochemical and renal antioxidant indicators, histopathological and ultrastructural observation, and metabonomics. After CTD exposure, serum uric acid, creatinine, and tissue oxidative stress indicators increased, and the renal glomerular and tubular epithelial cells showed clear pathological damage. Ultrastructure observation revealed marked mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, and the presence of autophagy lysosomes in glomerular epithelial cells. RES ameliorated the renal injury induced by CTD. Metabonomics analysis indicated that CTD can induce apoptosis and oxidative damage in kidney cells, mainly by disrupting sphingolipid and glutathione metabolism, increasing sphingosine and sphingomyelin levels, and decreasing glutathione levels. RES counteracts these effects by regulating renal cell proliferation, the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, by improving the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), LysoPC, and lysophosphatidyl glycerol in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, thereby reducing CTD‐induced nephrotoxicity. The mechanisms of CTD‐induced renal injury and the protective effect of RES were revealed by metabonomics, providing a basis for evaluating clinical treatment regimens to reduce CTD‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Roles of PD‐L1 in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Sun Jinqiu , Zhong Hannah , Kang Bo , Lum Trenton , Liu Dongxue , Liang Shengxian , Hao Jijun , Guo Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display unique homing and immunosuppression features which make them promising candidates for cell therapy in inflammatory disorders. It is known that C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4, also known as CD184) is a critical receptor implicated in MSCs migration, and the protein programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) is involved in MSC's immunosuppression. However, it remains unclear how the molecular mechanisms regulate PD‐L1 expression for migration and immunosuppression of MSCs under the inflammatory microenvironment. In this article, we used the human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an in vitro inflammatory model to explore the roles of PD‐L1 on the migration and immunosuppression of MSC. Our results demonstrate that in hADMSCs, LPS significantly increased PD‐L1 expression, which mediated the migration of the LPS‐treated hADMSCs via CXCR4. In addition, we found that the increased PD‐L1 expression in the LPS‐treated hADMSCs inhibited B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin G secretion through nuclear factor‐κB. Our study suggests that the PD‐L1 plays critical roles in the homing and immunosuppression of MSCs which are a promising cell therapy to treat inflammatory diseases.
Characteristics of precipitation in East Asia associated with Okhotsk Sea blocking in June and July
Authors: Song Chan‐Yeong , Ahn Joong‐Bae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of Okhotsk Sea blocking (OKB) on summer precipitation in East Asia in terms of the movement, enhancement and extension of the monsoon rainband. For this purpose, a composite analysis is conducted for nine OKB events that occur in June and July from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the OKB events that occur in June are associated with decreased precipitation in East Asia, whereas those that occur in July are related to increased precipitation in the same region. The long‐lasting OKB can continuously maintain and intensify anomalous cyclonic circulations in northeastern Asia, leading to enhanced vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (VIMFC) along the northern edge of the Western North Pacific subtropical high. However, there are differences in spatial distribution and displacement of anomalous cyclonic circulations between June and July. The OKB occurring in June is related to simultaneously developing and progressively strengthening anticyclonic circulation in the Okhotsk Sea as well as cyclonic circulation in northeastern Asia. Under the displacement of an intensified and southwardly extended cyclonic circulation, the VIMFC shifts southward and into a southeast‐to‐northwest orientation, compared to climatology, resulting in decreased precipitation in East Asia, particularly in southern China and southern Japan. On the other hand, when the OKB occur in July, anticyclonic circulation in the Okhotsk Sea is developed initially followed by cyclonic circulation in northeastern Asia, amplifying several days after onset. Anomalous cyclonic circulation is much weaker and located more northward than in June, which is favourable for stagnating and enhancing the VIMFC in East Asia. As a result, precipitation can increase in the region, particularly on the Korean Peninsula and in Japan.