bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AN HL‐A ANTIGEN AND AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES
Authors: Boettcher B. , Hay J. , Watterson C. A. , Bashir H. , MacQueen J. M. , Hardy G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA group of Australian aborigines with a high frequency (15.5%) of asymptomatic Australia antigen (Au) carriers shows a statistically significant deficiency of W15 among Au carriers. The association was observed during an HL‐A survey, and was confirmed by a further study designed to investigate the observed association. Further, the pooled data establish the association.The observed association can be explained satisfactorily in terms of an Au immune response locus closely linked with, and having alleles in linkage disequilibrium with alleles of, the Four locus of the HL‐A system. Since a deficiency of W15 among Au carriers has been reported in a northern European study, though it has not been observed in others, it is argued that the association has not occurred by chance, but that selection involving both HL‐A and immune response genes has been responsible for the observed association.A significantly high proportion of Au carriers were observed to be homozygous for antigens of the Four series. The data, and their interpretation, lend support to the proposition that asymptomatic Au carriers are homozygous for an inactive allele of the gene responsible for the immune response to Au.
THE DISEASE OF THE NZB MOUSE II. FURTHER STUDIES ON TETRAPARENTAL NZB ? CFW CHIMAERAS DERIVED BY AGGREGATION OF EARLY EMBRYOS
Authors: Barnes R. D. , Wills E. J. , Tuffrey Maureen 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYFurther evidence supporting the hypothesis that the autoimmune disease of the NZB results from failure of T cell mediated autoimmune suppressor function has been obtained from ovum fusion‐derived tetraparental NZB ? CFW chimaeras. Although the issue was complicated in three chimaeras by an acute interaction between the two parental strain cell populations, one animal remained well and no evidence of disease was found at postmortem. Electron microscopy demonstrated large numbers of C‐type particles in all the chimaeras and renal changes of an acute type rather than chronic NZB disease in two of the animals. Erythrophagocytosis was observed in all the chimaeras and was probably initiated by an antiautoantibody receptor‐determinant reaction. The phagocytosis of plasma cells suggested that the reaction was also directed against the clonal source of the autoantibody. A similar receptor‐determinant reaction may be responsible for the ‘normal’ elimination of aberrant autoimmune clones.
HL‐A TYPING IN DRIED BLOOD STAINS. II. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON MICROCYTOTOXICITY AND MICROCOMPLEMENT FIXATION TESTS*
Authors: Rittner Ch. , Waiyawuth V. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryWith an improved method for extraction of HL‐A soluble antigen from dried blood stains, eighteen HL‐A antigens were tested in the microcytotoxicity test as described in the preceding paper (Rittner & Waiyawuth, 1974). With the antisera available, seven antigens could not be detected with sufficient confidence. As a serious handicap of the microcytotoxicity test, a selected panel of donor lymphocytes must be permanently available. A comparison between the microcytotoxicity and the microcomplement fixation test performed on platelet material recovered from the stains led to the conclusion that the microcomplement fixation test is better suited for a routine laboratory. Encouraging results were obtained in a larger series of microcomplement fixation tests with white blood cells from dried blood stains. Significant chi‐squared values were calculated for fourteen of sixteen antigens tested. The possible causes of false positive and negative reactions are discussed. Anticomplementary reaction of anti‐HL‐A sera in microcomplement fixation tests should be taken into account.
SEPARATE AND POLYMORPHIC LOCI CONTROLLING TWO TYPES OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS BEARING THE H‐2 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SPECIFICITIES
Authors: Démant P. , Snell G. D. , Hess M. , Lemonnier F. , Neauport‐Sautes Catherine , Kourilsky F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSerological and genetic analyses of H‐2 antigens indicate that each K or D region allele controls two highly polymorphic antigenic sites, the alpha site corresponding to the private specificity and the gamma site corresponding to the long public specificities. Studies of cell surface distribution and biochemical characteristics of the alpha type specificity H‐2.4 and gamma type specificity H‐2.28 in the product of a D region allele, Dd, demonstrate that these specificities are carried on two different polypeptide chains. Accordingly, two distinct and polymorphic genes are postulated to code for the product controlled by the D region of H‐2.
THE ROLE OF H‐2 REGION INCOMPATIBILITIES IN GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST REACTIONS RAISED BY THYMUS CELLS
Authors: Králová Jarmila , Zachařová Gisela , Démant P. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGraft‐versus‐host reaction, after injection of parental thymus cells into F1 hybrid recipients, was measured by popliteal lymph node assay in combinations of congenic strains which involve incompatibilities at various regions of the H‐2 gene complex. The results indicate that incompatibility at genes in the I‐A, I‐B regions or their vicinity results in the strongest graft‐versus‐host reaction. Incompatibility at genes associated with the I‐E region also was effective, while no graft‐versus‐host reaction was seen in combinations with I‐C, S, and D region incompatibility.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE GENETIC BASIS OF THE GENERATION OF CML IN MICE
Authors: Matossian‐Rogers A. , Démant P. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYTwenty‐six combinations of C57BL/10 congenic mice involving incompatibilities in the I region and the H‐2K or H‐2D regions of the major histocompatibility complex were studied in a cell‐mediated lympholysis assay (CML). All combinations were positive; however, six were unidirectional. Three of these were consistent with the mapping of an effector cell stimulating locus (ECS) between the IB and IC sub‐regions. Possible reasons are given for the negativity of CML in I/H‐2K or H‐2D region incompatible combinations. A statistical method used to analyse the data is described.
EFFECT OF M‐LOCUS DEPENDENT T‐CELL PROLIFERATION UPON THE INDUCTION OF ANTI H‐2 CYTOTOXIC T EFFECTOR CELLS
Authors: Röllinghoff M. , Wagner H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe influence of M‐locus dependent T cell proliferation on the induction of anti H‐2 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was tested in an in vitro murine cytotoxic allograft model. BALB/c (or CBA/H) derived responder cells (H‐2d or H‐2k) were cultured together with either C57BL derived fibroblasts or C57BL derived (H‐2b), U.V. light irradiated, splenic lymphocytes. These stimulator cells lack functionally active lymphocyte activating determinants (LADs), but display serologically defined (SD) H‐2 antigenic specificities. The cytotoxic anti SD‐activity obtained was weak. Under certain experimental conditions, the addition of stimulator cells which are H‐2 identical to the responder cells but differ at the M‐locus (either DBA/2 or AKR strain derived) gave an enhanced cytotoxic anti SD H‐2 specificity directed activity (three cell experiments)—findings in keeping with the ‘two signal’ hypothesis for the production of CTL during in vitro alloimmune interaction: they also suggest that LADs encoded by the M‐locus can, under these circumstances, substitute for MHC I region incompatibility. However, in some experiments, in which M‐locus different third party cells were added to normal one way mixed lymphocyte cultures, a suppressive effect could be observed upon the generation of CTL. Furthermore, 2‐mercaptoethanol together with M‐locus incompatible cells regularly suppressed, rather than amplified, the production of CTL. The addition of mercaptoethanol alone without M‐locus incompatible cells had an amplifying effect on the production of CTL when fibroblast stimulators were used. The roles of M‐locus LADs and mercaptoethanol are clearly complex and require further investigations.
THE EXPRESSION OF H‐2K, H‐2D AND Ia ANTIGENS IN VARIOUS TISSUES AS ASSESSED IN Fc RECEPTOR INHIBITION SYSTEMS
Authors: Halloran P. , Schirrmacher V. , David Chella S. , Staines N. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe ability of mouse alloantibody to inhibit EA rosette formation and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) was used to study the expression of H‐2K, Ia and H‐2D antigens in various tissues. As previously reported antisera against each of these groups of antigens inhibited B lymphocyte EA rosette formation. Continuing studies confirmed these observations but established that quantitative differences may exist in the ease with which antibody against antigens in each region can inhibit EA rosettes: anti H‐2D and anti‐Ia seemed stronger relative to their cytotoxic titres than anti H‐2K. Possible reasons for this are discussed. When rosette forming cells from other tissues were studied, (bone marrow cells, peritoneal macrophages and tumour cells), they were inhibited by anti H‐2K and anti H‐2D sera but not by anti Ia sera, presumably reflecting the restricted distribution of Ia antigens in those tissues.Inhibition of ADCC by various antisera reflected qualitatively and quantitatively the expression of H‐2 antigens in various tissues: whereas effector cell activity in spleen, bone marrow, or peritoneal cell populations was inhibited by anti H‐2 or anti‐Ia sera, the amount of inhibition observed with anti‐Ia was much less when the tissue expressed little Ia antigen (bone marrow) than when it expressed abundant Ia antigen (spleen). The ability of cytotoxicity inhibition to detect antibody coated cells was used to assess the relative amount of Ia antigen on thymus and on lymph node cells, showing significant amounts of Ia antigen on thymus cells. Fc receptor inhibition studies may thus be useful as new approaches to the study of the expression of the antigens of the major histocompatibility complex.
A RADIOASSAY FOR MACROPHAGES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR TESTING MACROPHAGE MEMBRANE ANTIGENS
Authors: Peña‐Martinez J. , Schirrmacher V. , Garrido F. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYMonolayers of mouse peritoneal macrophages actively incorporated 14C‐labelled uridine, an RNA precursor. This uptake did not seem to be due to in vitro activation or stimulation of the cells but rather to their high RNA metabolic activity. 14C‐uridine uptake by the unstimulated adherent cells was a characteristic property of macrophages, because it was not reduced when the cells were (i) pretreated with trypsin (to detach remaining lymphocytes), (ii) precultured for several days (to allow PMN to die off) and (iii) pretreated with anti‐mouse immunoglobulin or anti‐θ serum plus complement.Pretreatment of macrophage monolayers with antibody plus complement, followed by a measurement of their 14C‐uridine uptake could be used to test for anti‐macrophage activity, for instance in certain anti‐B cell or anti‐T cell sera, or to detect cell surface antigens on macrophages. With this technique we demonstrated the presence of H‐2 and Ia alloantigens on peritoneal macrophages. The presence of Ia antigens on macrophages may be of particular biological significance.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE HUMAN BLOOD GROUP P SYSTEM
Authors: Watkins Winifred M. , Morgan W. T. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHaemagglutination inhibition experiments were carried out with anti‐P1, anti‐Pk and anti‐P sera in an attempt to increase understanding of the chemical, genetical and serological relationships within the P system. The test‐substances comprised a glycoprotein with human blood group P1 and Pk activity isolated from sheep hydatid cyst fluid, fragments isolated from the partial acid hydrolysis products of the P1Pk active glycoprotein, glycolipids, monosaccharides and di‐ and oligosaccharides of known structure. The trisaccharide αGal(1→4)βGal(1→4)GlcNAc isolated from the glycoprotein hydrolysis products, and earlier established as the P1 determinant (Cory et al., 1974), was the only low molecular weight compound that gave strong inhibition with human, rabbit and goat anti‐P1 sera. A disaccharide αGal(1→4)Gal, also isolated from the glycoprotein hydrolysis products, failed to react with anti‐P1 reagents but inhibited human anti‐Pk sera as strongly as the trisaccharide. The glycolipid αGal(1→4)βGal(1→4)Glc‐Cer (ceramide trihexoside) and other oligosaccharides containing αGal(1→4)Gal at the non‐reducing terminal were also strong inhibitors of anti‐Pk sera. Oligosaccharides with terminal α‐galactosyl residues joined in other positional linkages gave definite, although less strong, inhibition. The inhibition results suggest a close structural relationship between the P1 and Pk determinants and indicate that the specificity of anti‐Pk sera is less closely delineated than that of anti‐P1. Human anti‐P sera differed markedly from anti‐P1 and anti‐Pk and were not inhibited by any of the compounds containing α‐galactosyl residues. The glycolipid βGalNAc(1→3)αGal(1→4)βGal(1→4)Glc‐Cer (globoside) strongly inhibited the anti‐P sera.The inhibition of anti‐Pk and anti‐P sera by ceramide trihexoside and globoside, respectively, confirms the observations of Naiki & Marcus (1974) and supports their conclusions that Pk is the precursor of P. The genetic relationship of the P1 antigen to P and Pk is not clear but biosynthetic pathways are discussed that might explain the absence of P1, Pk and P antigens in individuals of the p phenotype.
THE COMPONENT FRAGMENTS OBTAINED BY ACID DISSOCIATION OF PAPAIN‐SOLUBILIZED H‐2 MOLECULES*
Authors: Natori T. , Tanigaki N. , Pressman D. , Henriksen O. , Appella E. , Law L. W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYH‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules were specifically purified from a radioiodinated H‐2a preparation obtained by papain digestion of spleen cell membranes of A/J strain mice. The molecules were isolated by binding to H‐2 alloantisera of the corresponding private specificity followed by precipitation with rabbit anti‐mouse IgG antiserum. The specifically precipitated radioiodinated H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules were dissociated by acid treatment into large and small components of about 37,000 and 11,000 daltons respectively. These were separated by gel filtration at acid pH or by gel isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea. Each component separated by gel filtration of the acid‐dissociated H‐2 molecules showed a high degree of size homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Upon gel isoelectric focusing, however, the small components showed two peaks of radioactivity closely located together at pH 7–8, both of which had a restricted pH range, while the large components gave one peak of a relatively wide pH range of pH 5–6. The H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules gave essentially the same pattern in terms of the numbers and the positions of the radioactivity bands. Under the iodination conditions used the large components of H‐2Kk molecules contained more radioactivity than the small components, while the reverse was true in case of H‐2Dd molecules. Such a difference was also found with H‐2Kk and H‐2Dd molecules isolated by use of alloantisera of the respective public specificity. The assay of binding of the isolated components with H‐2 alloantisera of defined specificity revealed that the large components retain most of the allospecificities of the parental H‐2 molecules. No H‐2 allospecificities were found on the small components. The small components showed extensive binding with rabbit antiserum against mouse β2‐microglobin. The same antiserum did not show any binding with the large components. On the other hand, both of the components did bind with rabbit antiserum against papain‐solubilized H‐2 molecules.
IMMUNE RESPONSE GENE (Ir‐SRBC) EXERTS ITS EFFECT VIA MACROPHAGES IN INBRED RATS
Authors: Tada N. , Itakura K. , Aizawa M. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn the previous report, strain differences of inbred rats were investigated in the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). A low‐responder strain (Fischer rats) produced only IgM antibody, but other high‐responder strains switched over from IgM to IgG antibody to SRBC. Pretreatment with incomplete Freund's adjuvant made Fischer rats a high‐responder. These results seemed to indicate that there are malfunctions of macrophages, together with T cells, in Fischer rat strain.In this report, strain differences in the phagocytic activity of macrophages were examined using radiolabelled SRBC. High uptake of SRBC by the spleen in the low responder rats, and vice versa, was confirmed in various experimental conditions. Genetic analyses were made of the specific spleen uptake of the radiolabelled SRBC in backcrossed rats. The result clearly showed that the degree of spleen uptake of the radiolabelled SRBC is genetically determined by a single gene and this property itself has a close negative correlation with the ability of each rat to produce haemolysin against SRBC.These results strongly suggest that the Ir‐SRBC gene exerts its effect, at least in part, via macrophages.The relationship between the function of the macrophage and the antibody response is discussed.
A MOUSE PLASMA SUBSTANCE CARRYING β2‐MICROGLOBULIN ACTIVITY AND LACKING IN H‐2 ALLOANTIGENIC ACTIVITY*
Authors: Natori T. , Tanigaki N. , Pressman D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA mouse plasma substance carrying β2‐microglobulin activity and lacking in H‐2 alloantigenic activity was separated from the blood plasma of A/J strain female mice. The plasma substance had a molecular size of about 300,000–400,000 daltons and an electrophoretic mobility of α‐globulin. The plasma substance was split by papain digestion to a fragment of about 50,000–60,000 daltons that still carried β2‐microglobulin activity. The papain‐split plasma substance was devoid of H‐2 alloantigenic activities and Thy‐1 and TL alloantigenic activities as well, but yet had a two‐component structure that was similar to papainsolubilized H‐2 molecules. It contained a 37,000‐dalton component linked non‐covalently to an 11,000‐dalton component, i.e. mouse β2‐microglobulin. This plasma substance appears to be different from Ss protein or Slp protein, both found in mouse serum.
ANTI‐B ACTIVITY OF A LECTIN COEXISTENT WITH BLOOD GROUP H‐LIKE SUBSTANCE IN SEEDS OF EUONYMUS SIEBOLDIANA
Authors: Yamamoto S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARY Euonymus Sieboldiana seeds possess a lectin for human erythrocytes with anti‐B specificity. Lectin fractions with strong agglutinating activity were separated by ammonium sulphate precipitation from blood group H‐like substance, which is coexistent in the same seeds. The lectin has properties resembling a complete agglutinin, being non‐dialysable, inactivated by heat treatment at 70°C and specific for D‐galactoside.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY IN RUMINANTS THE PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF ALLO‐ANTIBODIES FOR GL‐A TYPING IN GOATS
Authors: van Dam R. H. , Werkhoven Cecile Borst‐van , van der Donk J. A. , Goudswaard J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe production of goat lymphocytotoxic allo‐antisera by immunization by lymphocytes or allografting is described. Analysis of typing results of several goat families and the correlation between the lengthening of allograft survival and graft exchange between compatible and incompatible animals, suggest the existence of a major histocompatibility system (GL‐A) in goats.
RB, A DETERMINANT DEFINED BY LYMPHOCYTO‐TOXICITY BEING ASSOCIATED WITH ABO BLOOD GROUPS AND ABH SECRETOR STATUS FURTHER EVIDENCE THAT RB IS NOT PRODUCED BY LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Mayr W. R. , Pausch Vilma 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn a case of chimaeric male twins which showed red and white cell chimaerism, the latter being demonstrated using polymorphism of autosomes, it could be shown that the determinant RB, being defined by lymphocytotoxicity and associated with ABO blood groups and ABH secretor status, is probably absorbed from the serum on to the lymphocyte surface and not produced by the cells themselves.
SIGNIFICANCE OF SPECIFIC OVARIAN RECEPTORS FOR SYNGENEIC NATURALLY‐OCCURRING HAEMAGGLUTINATING ANTI‐A ANTIBODIES
Authors: Arend P. , Nijssen J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHaemagglutinins which specifically combine with membrane determinants of human blood group A erythrocytes and which are distinguishable from any other haemagglutinin specificities display marked sex dependency in C57BL/10 mice. All the sera of 80‐day‐old C57BL/10 females exert moderate to strong anti‐A haemagglutinin activities which could be detected only in approximately half of the sera of the males of the same age. Investigations of the murine tissues revealed that the production of anti‐A haemagglutinins in females is reflected by simultaneous synthesis of strong endogenous receptors detected in the ovaries and associated with water‐soluble glycolipid fractions. The receptor activity was demonstrated by means of haemagglutination inhibition in comparison with appropriate controls and glycolipid preparations from seventeen other different male and female tissues, and the inhibitory effects exerted by the ovarian glycolipids were statistically significant on the basis of multiple comparisons at the 1% level in each possible pair of effects.
THE LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATING INFLUENCE OF THE HLA‐A REGION
Authors: Bijnen A. B. , Schreuder Ieke , Volkers W. S. , Parlevliet Jannie , Rood J. J. van 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSix individuals with an established recombination between the HLA‐A and the HLA‐B loci of the major histocompatibility complex have been tested in unilateral mixed lymphocyte cultures with other members of their families. A weak, but statistically significant lymphocyte activating influence of the HLA‐A chromosomal region has been observed.
IMMUNOGENETIC STUDIES ON METH‐A‐VACCINIA TUMOUR CELLS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO*
Authors: Garrido F. , Schmidt W. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe expression of H‐2 antigenic specificities on Meth‐A and meth‐A‐vaccinia were compared. Their ability to inhibit complement dependent cytotoxicity of 51Cr‐labelled normal lymphoid target cells was tested by anti H‐2 sera of restricted specificity. Normal lymphocytes positive or negative for a particular specificity, were used as controls. With this assay the expression of H‐2‐like specificities of foreign haplotypes on Meth‐A cells passaged together with vaccinia virus was confirmed.In addition, using an immunofluorescence technique the expression of some foreign H‐2 antigens on non‐infected Meth‐A tumour cells was shown. Anti‐vaccinia virus sera were used to compare the reactivity of Meth‐A and Meth‐A‐vaccinia. Unexpectedly, anti‐vaccinia sera stained non‐infected Meth‐A and other tumour cells of different H‐2 origin and absorption of these sera with normal Meth‐A left little activity behind when testing against Meth‐A‐vaccinia.Finally, the r&#x006f;&#x030c;le that the foreign H‐2 antigenic specificities present in Meth‐A after vaccinia virus infection may have in the growth of these tumour cells in syngeneic recipients was studied. A powerful inhibitory effect was observed and regressor mice were found to be resistant to a challenge of non‐infected meth‐A. In contrast, vaccinia virus was irrelevant to the rate of growth of P815 Y in DBA/2 mice.These results are discussed in relation to the origin of the foreign H‐2 antigens on tumour cells after virus infection (derepression) and the role that this new antigenicity could have in immunopotentiation.