bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achieving Superhardness and Enhanced Toughness in High‐Entropy Boride‐Based Composites by Tailoring Their Multi‐Scale Microstructures
Authors: Qiu Shuaihang , Zou Ji , Liu Jingjing , Wang Weimin , Xie Jingjing , Ji Wei , Wu Jinsong , Zhou Yanchun , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnlike strong yet tough high entropy alloys, high entropy ceramics normally exhibit good hardness but poor strength and fracture toughness. To overcome this obstacle, B4C‐(Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2)B2 composites with a unique hierarchical microstructure are designed and prepared by boronizing reaction sintering of dual‐phase multicomponent carbides. In the as‐obtained composites, massive platelet‐like aggregations assembled by core‐rim structured (Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2)B2 fine grains are distributed randomly in the B4C matrix. Such special microstructure makes B4C‐(Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2)B2 composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties. An extra toughening mechanism of crack bridging is provided in as‐obtained composites (fracture toughness of 4.70 ± 0.08 MPa m1/2) by the interaction between cracks and platelet‐like diboride aggregations whilst fine‐grained microstructures guarantee high flexural strength (633 ± 25 MPa). More importantly, during producing indents, homogenization of core‐rim structured (Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2)B2 alongside more difficult lattice glides caused by short‐range ordering and rough glide planes containing different‐dimension transition metal atoms cooperatively induce increased indentation volume work and consequently unparalleled Vickers hardness (>54 GPa at 1.96 N), which is confirmed by in‐depth transmission electron microscopy characterizations. This work gives a new inspiration to design high‐performance high‐entropy ceramics via multi‐scale microstructure tailoring and composition tuning.
Experimental and theoretical investigation on seismic performance of Seawater Sea sand cementitious columns reinforced with GFRP bars and PVA fibers
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Feng , Cen Kaiwen , Gu Chengqing , Sun Linzhu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the shortage of global freshwater resources and the improvement of seismic requirements in coastal areas, this study investigated the seismic performance of seven seawater sea sand cement‐based composite columns (GC) with glass fiber‐reinforced polymer bars under different parameters. The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content, axial compression ratio, cement‐based composite strength grade and stirrup spacing on the bearing capacity, energy dissipation capacity, and ductility of the specimens were analyzed. The experimental results show that the cumulative energy consumption of the specimens with 2% PVA fiber is about 35% higher than that of the specimens without fiber. When the axial compression ratio decreases from 0.4 to 0.2, the comprehensive performance of the specimen can be improved by up to 43%. When the cement‐based strength grade is increased from C30 to C50, the bearing capacity of the specimen is significantly increased, with a maximum increase of 22%. In addition, the restoring force model theory of composite column is established, and the skeleton curve is consistent with the test curve. The modified damage model is established, and the damage assessment of each specimen is carried out. It is found that the low axial compression ratio and the incorporation of PVA fiber are helpful to slow down the damage and failure of the specimen.
Developing Professionally in a Third Space: The Case of Indonesian English Teacher Educators Engaging in an Online Professional Development Community
Authors: Zakaria Faishal 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEnglish teachers and teacher educators worldwide have engaged in various continuous professional development (PD) activities to catch up with the development and challenges of their profession. In Indonesia, for example, English teacher educators who are also faculty members are pressured to publish in internationally‐indexed journals. Fortunately, nontraditional PD models that are more personalized and timelier for educator's needs are available. One such model is interactive online PD formats, particularly online PD communities, where knowledge is not merely received but also constructed and shared among participants. However, it is still unclear why members remain in such communities and how they sustain their engagement. Situated in the Third Space framework, this case study focused on an online PD community of 33 Indonesian English teacher educators. The study attempted to determine why these teacher educators participated in the community and remained involved over an extended period. The findings revealed two main reasons why they joined and stayed in the community. Also, the community served as a Third Space where members felt empowered to present contradictory voices against government‐sanctioned PD discourses. Some critical implications of the findings are addressed.
Intersectoral Collaboration Between Traditional Bonesetters and Formal Healthcare: A Systematic Review on Past Initiatives and Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Binnerts Joost J. , Hendriks Thom C. C. , Hussein Samia , Bempong‐Ahun Nefti , Ibbotson Geoffrey C. , Harrison William J. , Martin Claude , Ranganathan Kavitha , Ehsan Anam N. , Chirangi Bwire M. , Edwards Michael J. R. , Hermans Erik 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBone fractures in low‐ and middle‐income countries are commonly managed by traditional bonesetters (TBSs). Past studies emphasize the potential for improved fracture care through intersectoral cooperation. This review gauged support among stakeholders for intersectoral collaboration and the results of previous initiatives.MethodsFive medical databases were reviewed. Studies focusing on stakeholder perspectives and articles detailing collaborative initiatives were included. Data extraction and synthesis were carried out using the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group's template. Additionally, all studies underwent quality assessment.ResultsOf the 3821 identified articles, 16 were included after full‐text screening. Twelve articles presented stakeholder perspectives, whereas four discussed collaborative initiatives. The overall article quality was low: articles on stakeholder perspectives scored on average 1.42 out of 4 points, whereas articles on collaborative initiatives scored a mean 1.25 points. In total, 62% of stakeholders (75% of TBSs, 92% of hospital staff, and 52% of patients) expressed support for intersectoral collaboration. The ratio between stakeholders expressing support versus those opposing was 4.4:1. No articles presented data on governmental perspectives. The most mentioned collaborative forms were TBS training (24% of stakeholders) and an integrative model (16% of stakeholders). Interventional studies all consisted of TBS training, reporting improved clinical outcomes and increased practice integration.ConclusionDespite the limited and low‐quality evidence on collaboration initiatives and perspectives, most stakeholders seem supportive of intersectoral collaboration, with training and integration being commonly suggested. Future research efforts exploring the feasibility of embedding TBSs into current primary care systems should ensure the involvement of local and national government.
Negotiating Consent: Setting Boundaries in the Sexual Contract
Authors: Abel Gillian , Fraser Cherida , Brents Barbara G. , Sanders Teela , Scoular Jane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter, we examine how sex workers learn to negotiate with clients and how they set and maintain boundaries within commercial sex transactions. Expectations for a commercial sex transaction in terms of what services will and will not be provided are set up in the negotiation process. This negotiation constitutes a verbal contract which, in most instances, is adhered to. However, some clients try to push the boundaries of the contract. In some cases, sex workers consider the boundary crossing to be minor and make the decision to accommodate the breach. In other cases, the terms of the contract are themselves breached, and the service becomes non-consensual.
Efficiency of a virtual fracture clinic review protocol in adult patients with distal radial fractures requiring semi-acute surgical treatment
Authors: Salentijn Dorien A. , Willinge Gijs J. A. , van Veen Ruben N. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementation of a Virtual Fracture Clinic (VFC) review protocol on the time between injury and surgery, and on secondary healthcare utilization, in patients with Distal Radius Fractures (DRFs) requiring semi-acute surgery.

Methods
Data for this retrospective before-after study were gathered between April 2017 and March 2019 (Pre-VFC n = 269), and between April 2021 and March 2023 (VFC n = 440) in a large level 2 urban trauma center. The primary outcome was the number of days between injury and operation. Furthermore secondary healthcare utilization was assessed.

Results
The average time between injury and surgery was 11.0 days (95% CI: 10.6–11.5) before and 9.2 days (95% CI: 8.9–9.6) after VFC-implementation ( p < 0.001). Following VFC-implementation, 33% (was 17%) of patients underwent surgery within 7 days, 92% (was 84%) within 2 weeks, and 99% (was 96%) within 3 weeks (p < 0.001). This included patients with delays of up to 15 days between injury and their initial hospital presentation. Hospital contacts decreased from 5 (IQR: 4–6) to 4 (IQR: 3–5) whereof physical consults decreased from 4 (IQR: 3–5) to 1 and telephone contacts increased from negligible to 1 (IQR: 1–2). Radiographs reduced from 6 (IQR: 5–7) to 4 (IQR: 3–5).

Conclusions
Implementation of a VFC-review protocol is associated with a reduced time between injury and semi-acute surgery for DRFs and reflects an improvement in quality of timely planning. Secondary healthcare utilization is reduced and a shift to remote delivery of care is observed.

Level of evidence
Level III.
A single-centre, retrospective study on the impact of omitting preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis on wound infections in minor orthopedic implant removals
Authors: Pfammatter Cyrill , Hambrecht Jan , Kalbas Yannik , Neuhaus Valentin , Hierholzer Christian , Canal Claudio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (POAP) in elective implant removal (IR) is controversial due to a lack of evidence-based recommendations. First-generation cephalosporins, which are commonly used in orthopedic IR, are believed to reduce wound infection risks. However, the potential for serious side effects had raised concerns about their necessity. This study was intended to evaluate whether omitting POAP in small IR increases the risk of wound infections.

Methods
This retrospective, single-centre cohort study was conducted at a level I trauma centre in Switzerland, including patients who underwent IR between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021. The IR procedures involved the upper extremities (UEs), such as the clavicle, olecranon, radius and ulna, as well as the lower extremities (LEs), such as the patella, tibia, fibula, (bi)malleolar and foot. Postoperative follow-up included clinical and radiological evaluations 6 weeks after surgery. The outcomes assessed were deep wound infections, wound healing complications, refractures, persistent pain, bleeding, neurovascular injuries and muscle hernias.

Results
Of the 273 patients (mean age: 42.1 ± 14.5; 44% female), 117 (42.9%) received POAP. In the LE group (n = 141), 51.1% received POAP; in the UE group (n = 132), 34.1% received POAP. Eleven (4.0%) wound-healing disorders were documented, with five (4.3%) in the POAP group and six (3.8%) in the non-POAP group (p = 1). No deep wound infections were observed.

Conclusion
Withholding POAP in elective IR procedures does not significantly increase wound infection rates, suggesting it may be unnecessary in uncomplicated cases.
Partnership and marriage and risk of type 2 diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Kowall Bernd , Rathmann Wolfgang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this review, we discuss how partnership and marriage influence cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of type 2 diabetes, and how couple-based approaches to type 2 diabetes prevention might complement individual-focused prevention efforts. There is some evidence that being married per se has a small positive effect on type 2 diabetes risk. Moreover, there is spousal concordance for many type 2 diabetes risk factors due to assortative mating and convergence during partnership, with weak to moderate correlations found for anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid concentrations, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity level. A meta-analysis shows that people have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes if their spouse has diabetes (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.47, 2.02). However, despite some evidence, there is still a lack of research on similar associations in relation to progression to type 2 diabetes and diabetes complications. Several studies have suggested that behaviour changes, for example smoking cessation or weight loss, in one partner increase the likelihood that the other partner will make the same changes. Subsequent studies of couple-based interventions that focus on both partners have shown that people are more likely to adhere to a diabetes prevention programme if their partners are also involved in the programme. However, the effect of the quality of marriage on the outcome of an intervention is still unclear. Couple-based interventions are promising, but there is a lack of RCTs comparing couple-based interventions with individual-centred interventions.

Graphical Abstract
Analyzing the impact of demand management in rural shared mobility-on-demand systems
Authors: Anzenhofer Fabian , Fleckenstein David , Klein Robert , Steinhardt Claudius 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In rural areas, shared mobility-on-demand services can improve the sustainability of public transport. However, bundling customer rides is challenging due to an unfavorable spatial and temporal demand distribution. As one potential solution, service providers could apply demand management. By controlling the availability of offered rides on an operational level, they could try to influence the resulting orders to allow more bundling. In practice, however, the introduction of demand management, which is a strategic decision, is often impeded by the inability of stakeholders to assess the exact impact on system performance in advance. In this paper, we tackle this issue by developing a methodology that serves as a basis for the strategic decision on how to implement operational demand management by realizing different types of demand control policies. More precisely, we propose a methodology that evaluates different policies by applying them to a model of the operational planning problem, which itself has not been considered in the existing literature. For this purpose, we first formulate the operational planning problem as a Markov decision process. Second, we apply practical solution algorithms representing different control policies on a model variant supporting the strategic decision. Finally, drawing on real-world data from FLEXIBUS, a rural provider in Germany, we conduct a computational study and present managerial insights into the impact of different control policies on the system performance in terms of profit, which the provider aims at maximizing, and other sustainability-oriented objectives of municipal contracting authorities.
Exploring the effects of synthetic data generation: a case study on autonomous driving for semantic segmentation
Authors: Silva Manuel , Seoane Antonio , Mures Omar A. , López Antonio M. , Iglesias-Guitian Jose A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rendering 3D virtual scenarios has become a popular alternative for generating per-pixel-labeled image datasets, especially in fields like autonomous driving. The approach is valuable for training neural perception models, such as semantic segmentation models, particularly when data might be scarce, expensive, or difficult to collect. However, fundamental questions persist within the research community regarding the generation and processing of these synthetic images, particularly a better understanding of the key factors influencing the performance of deep learning models trained with such synthetic images. In response, we conducted a series of experiments to elucidate the impact that common aspects involved in the generation of rendered synthetic images may have on the performance of neural semantic segmentation tasks. Our study used a recent autonomous driving synthetic dataset as our main testbed, allowing us to investigate the effect of different approaches when modeling their geometric, material, and lighting details. We also studied the impact of rendering noise, typically produced by path-tracing algorithms, as well as the impact of using different color transformations and tonemapping algorithms.
Fungal infection monitoring on corneal epithelium ex vivo model and its collection over polyethersulfone membrane for detecting Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Orgul Sarp , Bedoya Angela Gómez , Pérez Víctor Felipe , Mora Daniella R. , Sabater Alfonso L. , Miller Darlene , Holgado Miguel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we report a human ex vivo model of Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans infection of the cornea. We demonstrate the ability to monitor fungal growth on the cornea through optical and immunofluorescence microscopy. Additionally, we establish a method for collection of fungal antigens in polyethersulfone (PES) membrane-based sample collectors from the surface of fungal inoculated corneas. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed directly on both corneal tissue and PES membrane sample collectors. For the latter case, we devised an original ad-hoc method by attaching the membranes used for the collection on standard glass slides, which we call glass slide KIT. This enabled easy handling and improved efficiency for specifically recognizing the corresponding fungal infections by simple immunoassay protocols. As a result, we firstly observe the ability to monitor fungi in corneal tissue, and secondly demonstrate the adsorption of fungal antigens onto PES membranes. Thus, we report for the first time the specific detection of fungal corneal infections in easy to use PES membrane based glass slide KITs through simple immunofluorescence, as an alternative to microbiological culture.
Nanoparticles improved pheophorbide-a mediated photodynamic therapy for cancer
Authors: Fakudze Nosipho , Abrahamse Heidi , George Blassan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increased cancer incidence and mortality rates have made researchers continue to explore different types of effective and less toxic cancer therapies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative cancer treatment modality with reduced side effects. It is comprised of three components, a photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. Researchers have been exploring third generation photosensitizers that overcome existing photosensitizer limitations such as hydrophobicity, accurate targeting and photosensitivity. Pheophorbide-a is a chlorophyll product currently being explored in a number of in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies as an ideal photosensitizer for breast, prostate, lung, oral squamous cell carcinoma, gastric, osteosarcoma and cervical cancers. These in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies have shown the probable cell death pathways in different cell lines and how advancement in using nanocarriers has improved cancer cell killing effect after pheophorbide-a mediated PDT. The pharmacokinetics have elaborated on the biodistribution and tissue disposition of pheophorbide-a in this review. In summary, we offer our viewpoint on PDT in the context of cancer management, and we believe that this article will shed new light on the role of pheophorbide-a in PDT for cancer.
Networcat: applying analysis techniques of shared memory software on message-passing distributed systems
Authors: Bajczi Levente , Molnár Vince 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Communication models are a key aspect in the design and implementation of distributed system architectures. Application logic must consider the guarantees of these models, which fundamentally influence its correctness. Modern multi-core processor architectures face a similar problem when it comes to accessing shared memory: the guarantees of an architecture have a fundamental impact on the observable behavior of software. The formalization of these guarantees in a declarative way has led to powerful tools and algorithms to define reusable constraints on patterns of memory access events and their relationships, enabling the efficient description and automatic formal analysis of software properties with respect to a specific architecture. The Cat memory modeling language provides a standard means of specifying these constraints. Despite the parallels, the axiomatic modeling and analysis of communication models in distributed systems remain a relatively unexplored area. In this paper, we address this gap and demonstrate how communication models can be mapped to the Cat language. We create a standard library of reusable patterns and demonstrate our approach, called NetworCat, on the simple examples of UDP and TCP, and we also present its applicability to the vastly configurable OMG-DDS service. This adaptation-based approach enables the use of ever-improving verification tools built for shared memory concurrency on distributed systems. We believe this not only benefits distributed system analyses by broadening the toolset for verification but also positively impacts the field of memory-model-aware verification by widening its audience to another domain.
Safety and aesthetic outcomes of silicone buckles as an implant for anophthalmic sockets: a decade of experience in Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Rikako , Kitaguchi Yoshiyuki , Morimoto Takeshi , Shimojo Hiroshi , Fujino Takahiro , Komoto Shimpei , Nishida Kohji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the safety and aesthetic outcomes of silicone buckle #506 for anophthalmic socket reconstruction.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Patients who underwent enucleation or evisceration at the Osaka University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients under 18 years old, with < 3 months follow-up, without a prosthesis, or with bilateral surgery were excluded. Aesthetic outcomes were assessed using standardized photographs taken 3 months postoperatively, scored by five independent ophthalmologists for upper eyelid sulcus deepening asymmetry. Scoring was categorized as 0: no noticeable side difference, 1: slight asymmetry, and 2: marked asymmetry characterized by upper eyelid sulcus deepening.

Results
Fifty-nine patients (60 sockets) were analyzed. Thirty-three received silicone buckle implants (1–4 buckles). Implant exposure occurred in two patients (6.1%). Aesthetic scores were assessed in 48 patients. Mean aesthetic scores were 0.97 (no implant), 0.78 (one buckle), 0.68 (two buckles), and 0.42 (three/four buckles) (p = 0.123).

Conclusions
Silicone buckle #506 appears to be a safe and feasible option for anophthalmic socket reconstruction. Further studies are needed to optimize aesthetic outcomes and determine the ideal number of buckles.