bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface guided radiotherapy practice in paediatric oncology: a survey on behalf of the SIOPE Radiation Oncology Working Group
Authors: Seravalli Enrica , Kroon Petra S , Bolle Stephanie , Dunlea Cathy , Harrabi Semi B , Laprie Anne , Lassen-Ramshad Yasmin , Whitfield Gillian , Janssens Geert O 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Surface guided radiotherapy (SGRT) is increasingly being implemented to track patient’s surface movement and position during radiation therapy. However, limited information is available on the SGRT use in paediatrics. The aim of this double survey was to map SIOPE (European Society for Paediatric Oncology)-affiliated centres using SGRT and to gain information on potential indications, observed, or expected benefits.

Methods
A double online survey was distributed to 246 SIOPE-affiliated radiotherapy (RT) centres. Multiple choices, yes/no, and open answers were included. The first survey (41 questions) was active from February to March 2021. A shortened version (13 questions) was repeated in March 2023 to detect trends in SGRT use within the same community.

Results
Respectively, 76/142 (54%) and 28/142 (20%) responding centres used and planned to use SGRT clinically, including 4/34 (12%) new centres since 2021. Among the SGRT users, 33/76 (43%) already applied this technology to paediatric treatments. The main benefits of improved patient comfort, better monitoring of intrafraction motion, and more accurate initial patient set-up expected by future users did not differ from current SGRT-users (P = .893). Among non-SGRT users, the main hurdles to implement SGRT were costs and time for installation. In paediatrics, SGRT is applied to all anatomical sites.

Conclusion
This work provides information on the practice of SGRT in paediatrics across SIOPE-affiliated RT centres which can serve as a basis for departments when considering the purchase of SGRT systems.

Advances in knowledge
Since little information is available in the literature on the use of SGRT in paediatrics, the results of this double survey can serve as a basis for departments treating children when considering the purchase of an SGRT system.
Prophylaxis in hereditary angioedema: a United Kingdom Delphi consensus
Authors: Yong Patrick F K , Annals Rachel , Diwakar Lavanya , Elkhalifa Shuayb , Gompels Mark , Jain Rashmi , Karim Mohammed Yousuf , Khan Sujoy , Metcalfe Angela , Noorani Sadia , Steele Cathal , Kiani-Alikhan Sorena , Garcez Tomaz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare inherited disorder causing recurrent episodes of swelling that can be potentially life threatening. Treatment of HAE can be divided into on-demand treatment for swelling, and prophylaxis. The last UK consensus on HAE was in 2014 and since then, new medications for prophylaxis have been developed, with more drugs in the pipeline. International guidelines currently recommend the use of long-term prophylaxis (LTP) as the only way of achieving disease control and normalizing patient lives. Modern prophylactic medications are available in the UK, although access is restricted primarily by HAE attack frequency. To establish an updated view of UK clinicians and patients, a Delphi process was used to develop statements regarding LTP as well as other aspects of HAE management. There was consensus that UK access criteria for modern LTP agents based on numerical frequency of attacks alone are too simplistic and potentially disadvantage a cohort of patients who may benefit from LTP. Additionally, there was agreement that patients should be seen in expert centres, remote monitoring of patients is popular post-pandemic, and that the use of patient-reported outcome measures has the potential to improve patient care. Psychological health is an area in which patients may benefit, and recognition of this is important for future research and development.
Quantifying microglial morphology: an insight into function
Authors: Green Tabitha R F , Rowe Rachel K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microglia are specialized immune cells unique to the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia have a highly plastic morphology that changes rapidly in response to injury or infection. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of ever-changing microglial morphology are considered a cornerstone of many microglia-centric research studies. The distinctive morphological variations seen in microglia are a useful marker of inflammation and severity of tissue damage. Although a wide array of damage-associated microglial morphologies has been documented, the exact functions of these distinct morphologies are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss how microglia morphology is not synonymous with microglia function, however, morphological outcomes can be used to make inferences about microglial function. For a comprehensive examination of the reactive status of a microglial cell, both histological and genetic approaches should be combined. However, the importance of quality immunohistochemistry-based analyses should not be overlooked as they can succinctly answer many research questions.
Clinical and Virological Outcome of Monoclonal Antibody Therapies Across SARS-CoV-2 Variants in 245 Immunocompromised Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huygens Sammy , GeurtsvanKessel Corine , Gharbharan Arvind , Bogers Susanne , Worp Nathalie , Boter Marjan , Bax Hannelore I , Kampschreur Linda M , Hassing Robert-Jan , Fiets Roel B , Levenga Henriette , Afonso Pedro Miranda , Koopmans Marion , Rijnders Bart J A , Oude Munnink Bas B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Immunocompromised patients (ICPs) have an increased risk for a severe and prolonged COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were extensively used in these patients, but data from randomized trials that focus on ICPs are lacking. We evaluated the clinical and virological outcome of COVID-19 in ICPs treated with mAbs across SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Methods
In this multicenter prospective cohort study, we enrolled B-cell– and/or T-cell–deficient patients treated with casirivimab/imdevimab, sotrovimab, or tixagevimab/cilgavimab. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was quantified and sequenced weekly, and time to viral clearance, viral genome mutations, hospitalization, and death rates were registered.

Results
Two hundred and forty five patients infected with the Delta (50%) or Omicron BA.1, 2, or 5 (50%) variant were enrolled. Sixty-seven percent were vaccinated; 78 treated as outpatients, of whom 2 required hospital admission, but both survived. Of the 159 patients hospitalized at time of treatment, 43 (27%) required mechanical ventilation or died. The median time to viral clearance was 14 days (interquartile range, 7–22); however, it took &gt;30 days in 15%. Resistance-associated spike mutations emerged in 9 patients in whom the median time to viral clearance was 63 days (95% confidence interval, 57–69; P &lt; .001). Spike mutations were observed in 1 of 42 (2.4%) patients after treatment with 2 active mAbs, in 5 of 34 (14.7%) treated with actual monotherapy (sotrovimab), and 3 of 20 (12%) treated with functional monotherapy (ie, tixagevimab/cilgavimab against tixagevimab-resistant variant).

Conclusions
Despite treatment with mAbs, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in ICPs remained substantial. Combination antiviral therapy should be further explored and may be preferred in severely ICPs.
Potential role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in evaluating functional improvement after transcatheter edge-to-edge tricuspid valve repair: a case report
Authors: Cumitini Luca , Giubertoni Ailia , Mennuni Marco Giovanni , Degiovanni Anna , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is common and severe or greater TR is linked to poor prognosis. Treatment of TR with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has emerged as a safe and potentially effective therapy in these patients. However, the impact of transcatheter tricuspid repair on functional capacity remains to be elucidated.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 77-year-old woman complaining of heart failure symptoms, undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge valve repair for severe TR with the PASCAL Ace® device. One month later, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) showed significant improvement in peak O2 uptake and O2 pulse compared with the test performed before the procedure.

Discussion
A positive impact of novel transcatheter edge-to-edge valve repair on symptoms and quality of life in patients with severe or greater TR at prohibitive surgical risk has recently emerged. The presence of severe TR has prognostic relevance, and novel percutaneous tricuspid valve repair systems have emerged in the last few years. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is an established tool to assess functional capacity and prognosis in heart failure patient. Detecting functional capacity improvement after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for severe TR can be challenging, and CPET may arise as a promising tool to help these purposes.
Prediction of symptom development and aortic valve replacement in patients with low-gradient severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Miyahara Daisuke , Izumo Masaki , Sato Yukio , Shoji Tatsuro , Murata Risako , Oda Ryutaro , Okuno Taishi , Kuwata Shingo , Akashi Yoshihiro J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Current evidence on the prognostic value of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in asymptomatic patients with low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS) is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate its prognostic implications for patients with low-gradient severe AS and determine the added value of ESE in risk stratification for this population.

Methods and results
This retrospective observational study included 122 consecutive asymptomatic patients with either moderate [mean pressure gradient (MPG) &lt; 40 mmHg and aortic valve area (AVA) 1.0–1.5 cm2] or low-gradient severe (MPG &lt; 40 mmHg and AVA &lt; 1.0 cm2) AS and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) who underwent ESE. All patients were followed up for AS-related events. Of 143 patients, 21 who met any exclusion criteria, including early interventions, were excluded, and 122 conservatively managed patients [76.5 (71.0–80.3) years; 48.3% male] were included in this study. During a median follow-up period of 989 (578–1571) days, 64 patients experienced AS-related events. Patients with low-gradient severe AS had significantly lower event-free survival rates than those with moderate AS (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the mitral E/e′ ratio during exercise was independently associated with AS-related events (hazard ratio = 1.075, P &lt; 0.001) in patients with low-gradient severe AS.

Conclusion
This study suggests that asymptomatic patients with low-gradient severe AS have worse prognoses than those with moderate AS. Additionally, the mitral E/e′ ratio during exercise is a useful parameter for risk stratification in patients with low-gradient severe AS.
Exploring moral education in the Chinese EFL classroom
Authors: Lin Lin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traditional EFL classes for English majors in mainland China have focused on promoting students’ language skills while, at the same time, cultivating their communication and critical thinking. In this article, I discuss a recent nationwide educational reform, i.e., moral education. I will highlight the challenges facing Chinese English language teachers in incorporating this reform and specify how I identified the moral components within the English course I taught. Some strategies for integrating these components into the English instruction are provided accordingly to enhance students’ moral development in addition to language skills.
Comparative assessment of Nanotrap and polyethylene glycol-based virus concentration in wastewater samples
Authors: Farkas Kata , Kevill Jessica L , Williams Rachel C , Pântea Igor , Ridding Nicola , Lambert-Slosarska Kathryn , Woodhall Nick , Grimsley Jasmine M S , Wade Matthew J , Singer Andrew C , Weightman Andrew J , Cross Gareth , Jones Davey L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology is now widely used in many countries for the routine monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses at a community level. However, efficient sample processing technologies are still under investigation. In this study, we compared the performance of the novel Nanotrap® Microbiome Particles (NMP) concentration method to the commonly used polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method for concentrating viruses from wastewater and their subsequent quantification and sequencing. For this, we first spiked wastewater with SARS-CoV-2, influenza and measles viruses and norovirus and found that the NMP method recovered 0.4%–21% of them depending on virus type, providing consistent and reproducible results. Using the NMP and PEG methods, we monitored SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B viruses, RSV, enteroviruses and norovirus GI and GII and crAssphage in wastewater using quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods and next-generation sequencing. Good viral recoveries were observed for highly abundant viruses using both methods; however, PEG precipitation was more successful in the recovery of low-abundance viruses present in wastewater. Furthermore, samples processed with PEG precipitation were more successfully sequenced for SARS-CoV-2 than those processed with the NMP method. Virus recoveries were enhanced by high sample volumes when PEG precipitation was applied. Overall, our results suggest that the NMP concentration method is a rapid and easy virus concentration method for viral targets that are abundant in wastewater, whereas PEG precipitation may be more suited to the recovery and analysis of low-abundance viruses and for next generation sequencing.
Disability history in France: past, present and future
Authors: Scales Rebecca P , Bas Jérôme , Brégain Gildas , Briggs Jonathyne , Hewitt Jessie , Kudlick Catherine J , Park Sun-Young 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
What is disability? How might a focus on disability as a category of human experience change the way we think and write about the French past? In this roundtable seven historians discuss the emergence of disability studies in France, assessing the continued relevance of classics in the field as well as new directions in research. Scholarly attention to disability, the contributors argue, has the potential to transform modern French historiography, not only by challenging our understanding of major ‘turning points’ such as the French Revolution or the world wars, but offering fresh insights into race, class and gender identities, as well as citizenship, inclusion and belonging in French society.
Physical properties variations in a shaly formation across a fault core
Authors: Bonnelye Audrey , David Christian , Wassermann Jérôme , Schubnel Alexandre , Henry Pierre , Guglielmi Yves , Gout Claude , Dick Pierre 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
Faults in general, and in clay materials in particular, have complex structures that can be linked to both a polyphased tectonic history and to the anisotropic nature of the intact rock. Drilling through faults in shaly materials allows measuring properties such as the structure, mineralogical composition, stress orientation and physical properties. We combine different petrophysical measurements on core samples retrieved from a borehole drilled perpendicularly to a fault zone affecting Toarcian shales from the Tournemire underground research laboratory (France). The borehole is cross-cutting the entire fault thickness which is of the order of 10 m. We perform several types of measurements: density, porosity, saturation directly in the field and P-wave velocities together with P-waves anisotropy on core samples taken at regular intervals. Special protocols were developed to preserve as much as possible the saturation state of the samples. From our measurements, we were able to track the increase of damage, characterized by a smooth decrease in elastic moduli from the intact zone to the fault core. We then calculated Thomsen's parameters to quantify the elastic anisotropy evolution across the fault. Our results show strong variations of the elastic anisotropy with the distance to the fault core as well as the occurrence of anisotropy reversal.
Geomechanical modelling of injection-induced seismicity: the case study of the Muara Laboh geothermal plant
Authors: Gerardi G , Dublanchet P , Jeannin L , Kazantsev A , Duboeuf L , Ramadhan I , Azis H , Ganefianto N , Nugroho I A 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
In this work, we study the induced seismicity recorded during an injection operation at the Muara Laboh geothermal plant (Indonesia). The swarm, consisting of three bursts activating a normal fault zone, is characterized by rapid earthquake (km d−1) migration. We use a 2-D rate-and-state asperity model to better understand the physical mechanisms controlling the evolution of this induced swarm. The model suggests that the observed rapid seismic migration can be explained by the interaction among asperities through the expansion of slow post-seismic slip fronts. Also, it shows that the amount of seismicity generated by the fluid injection is strongly controlled by the background seismicity of the system, that is by the seismicity determined by the tectonic load charging the fault. This close correlation between natural and induced seismicity suggests that the injection in Muara Laboh principally stimulates critically stressed faults, which release the seismicity determined by their natural seismic cycle.
SdrR, a LysR-type regulator, responds to the mycobacterial antioxidant defense
Authors: Zhu Chen , Wei Wen-ping , An Jing-ning , Hu Jia-ling , Gao Chun-hui , Yang Min 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Protection against oxidative stress is a vital defense mechanism for Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the host. However, few transcription factors that control bacterial antioxidant defense are known. Here, we present evidence that SdrR, encoded by the MSMEG_5712 (Ms5712) gene, functions as an oxidative stress response regulator in Mycobacterium smegmatis. SdrR recognizes an 11-bp motif sequence in the operon's upstream regulatory region and negatively regulates the expression of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR). Overexpressing sdrR inhibited SDR expression, which rendered the strain oxidative more stress-sensitive. Conversely, sdrR knockout alleviates SDR repression, which increases its oxidative stress tolerance. Thus, SdrR responds to oxidative stress by negatively regulating sdr expression. Therefore, this study elucidated an underlying regulatory mechanism behind mycobacterial oxidative stress adaptation.
Coming out in America: thirty years of cultural change
Authors: Fernández Raquel , Parsa Sahar , Viarengo Martina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The last few decades witnessed a dramatic change in public opinion toward gay people. We show that this process was initiated by a sharp increase in the approval of same-sex relationships in 1992–93, following the debate on whether gay people could serve openly in the military. We study the hypothesis that the greater salience of gay-related issues during this period initiated a process of cultural change. Using a difference-in-difference empirical strategy, we show that greater exposure to the gay population, measured in a variety of ways, led to a greater increase in approval. Furthermore, media attention and campaign contributions increased by more in high exposure locations. Our results, we show, cannot be explained simply by a process of expanding liberal views of civil liberties.
Synergistic regulation of fusion pore opening and dilation by SNARE and synaptotagmin-1
Authors: Li Kaiju , Li Kaiyu , Fan Jiaqi , Zhang Xing , Tao Chengyan , Xiang Yijuan , Cui Lele , Li Hao , Li Minghan , Zhang Yanjing , Geng Jia , Lai Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fusion pore opening is a transient intermediate state of synaptic vesicle exocytosis, which is highly dynamic and precisely regulated by the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex and synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1). Yet, the regulatory mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, using single-channel membrane fusion electrophysiology, we determined that SNAREpins are important for driving fusion pore opening and dilation but incapable of regulating the dynamics. When Syt1 was added, the closing frequency of fusion pores significantly increased, while the radius of fusion pores mildly decreased. In response to Ca2+, SNARE/Syt1 greatly increased the radius of fusion pores and reduced their closing frequency. Moreover, the residue F349 in the C2B domain of Syt1, which mediates Syt1 oligomerization, was required for clamping fusion pore opening in the absence of Ca2+, probably by extending the distance between the two membranes. Finally, in Ca2+-triggered fusion, the primary interface between SNARE and Syt1 plays a critical role in stabilizing and dilating the fusion pore, while the polybasic region of Syt1 C2B domain has a mild effect on increasing the radius of the fusion pore. In summary, our results suggest that Syt1, SNARE, and the anionic membrane synergically orchestrate the dynamics of fusion pore opening in synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Effects of a change in recall period on reporting severe symptoms: an analysis of a pragmatic multisite trial
Authors: Paudel Roshan , Enzinger Andrea C , Uno Hajime , Cronin Christine , Wong Sandra L , Dizon Don S , Hazard Jenkins Hannah , Bian Jessica , Osarogiagbon Raymond U , Jensen Roxanne E , Mitchell Sandra A , Schrag Deborah , Hassett Michael J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Optimal methods for deploying electronic patient-reported outcomes to manage symptoms in routine oncologic practice remain uncertain. The electronic symptom management (eSyM) program asks chemotherapy and surgery patients to self-report 12 common symptoms regularly. Feedback from nurses and patients led to changing the recall period from the past 7 days to the past 24 hours.

Methods
Using questionnaires submitted during the 16 weeks surrounding the recall period change, we assessed the likelihood of reporting severe or moderate and severe symptoms across 12 common symptoms and separately for the 5 most prevalent symptoms. Interrupted time-series analyses modeled the effects of the change using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Surgery and chemotherapy cohorts were analyzed separately. Study-wide effects were estimated using a meta-analysis method.

Results
In total, 1692 patients from 6 institutions submitted 7823 eSyM assessments during the 16 weeks surrounding the recall period change. Shortening the recall period was associated with lower odds of severe symptom reporting in the surgery cohort (odds ratio = 0.65, 95% confidence interval = 0.46 to 0.93; P = .02) and lower odds of moderate and severe symptom reporting in the chemotherapy cohort (odds ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval = 0.71 to 0.97; P = .02). Among the most prevalent symptoms, 24-hour recall was associated with a lower rate of reporting postoperative constipation but no differences in reporting rates for other symptoms.

Conclusion
A shorter recall period was associated with a reduction in the proportion of patients reporting moderate-severe symptoms. The optimal recall period may vary depending on whether electronic patient-reported outcomes are collected for active symptom management, as a clinical trial endpoint, or another purpose.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03850912.