bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chewing Problems and Mortality in Older Adults in Home Care: Results from the Aged in Home Care Study
Authors: Onder Graziano , Liperoti Rosa , Soldato Manuel , Cipriani Maria Camilla , Bernabei Roberto , Landi Francesco 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between chewing problems and risk of mortality in an older population receiving home care in Europe.DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.SETTING: Eleven European countries.PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand seven hundred fifty‐five older adults (mean age±standard deviation 82.2±7.2) in home care.MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected using the Minimum Data Set for Home Care. Study personnel recorded chewing problems (inability to chew food easily and without pain or difficulties, regardless of cause) that presented in the last 3 days before baseline assessment. Data on mortality were collected over a 1‐year period.RESULTS: Three hundred ninety‐five participants (14.3%) presented with chewing problems. One‐year mortality differed significantly according to presence of chewing problems; 303 of 2,361 (12.8%) without chewing problems (crude incident rate per person‐year (p‐y)=0.15) and 80 of 394 (20.3%) participants with chewing problems (crude incident rate per p‐y=0.24) died during follow‐up. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk of death was significantly higher for participants with chewing problems (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=1.45, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.05–1.99). This association remained after exclusion of participants with cognitive impairment (adjusted HR=1.50, 95% CI=1.03–2.20) and those with unintended weight loss (adjusted HR=1.62, 95% CI=1.12–2.34).CONCLUSION: In older adults in home care in Europe, chewing problems are associated with greater risk of mortality.
Coronary Artery Calcification and Total Mortality in Elderly Men
Authors: Abbott Robert D. , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Masaki Kamal H. , Willcox Bradley J. , Rodriguez Beatriz L. , Ikeda Alvin , Yano Katsuhiko , White Lon R. , Curb J. David 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVES:To examine the relationship between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and mortality in a sample of elderly men.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study.SETTING:The Honolulu Heart Program.PARTICIPANTS:A population‐based sample of 224 men aged 84 to 96 with good cognitive function.METHODS:From 2004 to 2005, subjects received physical examinations including CAC determinations. Participants were followed for up to 3 years for all‐cause mortality.RESULTS:In the course of follow‐up, there were 17 deaths (28.0/1,000 person‐years). Risk of death rose consistently and significantly as CAC scores increased (P=.001). For CAC scores less than 10, no deaths were observed. For scores of 10 or higher, risk of death rose from 13.2 per 1,000 person‐years for CAC scores of 10 to 100 to 48.6 per 1,000 person‐years for CAC scores greater than 1,000. Findings persisted after adjusting for age and traditional risk factors. In this sample of elderly men, CAC was the only factor with a significant relationship with total mortality.CONCLUSION:Higher CAC scores in elderly men are associated with greater risk of death. Screening for CAC could be important for developing strategies to improve longevity in elderly people, particularly at an age when associations between mortality and traditional risk factors are weak.
Color Stability of Glazed and Polished Dental Porcelains
Authors: Yılmaz Caner , Korkmaz Turan , Demirköprülü Hişam , Ergün Gülfem , Özkan Yalçın 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the visual and colorimetric color stability of two ultra low‐fusing and three conventional low‐fusing porcelains on both glazed and polished surfaces. Materials and Methods: Twelve disks, 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness, were fabricated for each porcelain. Specimens were glazed using their specific glaze materials. For each type of porcelain, the specimens were divided into two groups: one group was immersed in methylene blue and the other group in distilled water as a control. The surfaces were visually examined for staining without magnification. Objective color measurement was performed for each sample using a Tristimulus colorimeter. After examining the color of the glazed specimens, glazed layers were removed from the surface of the specimens to simulate an intraoral environment. Then, porcelain polishing points and diamond polishing paste were applied. The samples were immersed again in methylene blue and distilled water, and after removing from the staining solution and distilled water, visual and objective measurements were performed again. Results: Visually discernible stain was present on the polished groups of all five porcelains immersed in methylene blue, whereas the glazed group immersed in methylene blue showed no staining. No staining was observed with glazed and polished samples immersed in distilled water. The objective evaluation showed that the polished porcelain surface of all five porcelain products had statistically significant color deviation than the glazed surface in the same group after immersion in methylene blue. The results of this study show a statistically significant difference in color stability between the polished and glazed specimens. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the glazed specimens showed a better color stability, although the staining observed in the polished specimens was not clinically noticeable.
Marginal Adaptation and Color Stability of Four Provisional Materials
Authors: Givens Edward J. , Neiva Gisele , Yaman Peter , Dennison Joseph B. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: A number of provisional restorative materials exist on the market. This study tested marginal fit and color stability of three provisional restorative materials and a control. Materials and Methods: Two auto‐cure materials, Protemp Garant and Integrity, and one dual‐cure material, Luxatemp Solar, were tested against SNAP, a polyethyl methacrylate control. A maxillary right central incisor ivorine tooth was prepared for a full coverage all‐ceramic crown, with a 1.5‐mm chamfer margin. Four points were engraved at a point 1 mm below the facial, lingual, mesial, and distal margins, and replicas (n = 40) were produced by the manufacturer. Provisional crowns (n = 10 × 4) were fabricated on the individual replicas using a polyethylene coping template. The crowns were trimmed under magnification using an acrylic bur. The distance from the crown margins to a point tangent to the engraved markings was measured under 10× magnification and recorded. For color stability, 10‐mm diameter × 2‐mm thick discs (n = 10 × 4) were fabricated and immersed cyclically in tea for 1 week in a Tucillo/Nielson apparatus. Color measurements were recorded for each specimen at baseline and after staining. ΔE values were calculated to determine the extent of the color change. Results: The means of the four marginal discrepancy measurements for each specimen were analyzed using a 1‐way ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc comparison. Luxatemp Solar had statistically significant marginal discrepancy (319 μm, p < 0.05) when compared to the other provisional materials. A significant color change (ΔE = 4.33, p < 0.05) was found for Protemp Garant. Conclusion: The dual‐cure temporary material (Luxatemp Solar) exhibited significantly more discrepancy at the margin than the auto‐cure bis‐acryl materials or acrylic control. Protemp Garant exhibited a clinically noticeable change in shade after 1 week in staining solution, whereas the other materials did not exhibit a clinically noticeable change. Clinical Implications: Provisional crowns fabricated from SNAP, Protemp Garant, and Integrity exhibited similarly low marginal discrepancy. SNAP, Luxatemp Solar, and Integrity did not demonstrate a clinically detectable change in shade after 1 week in a staining solution.
Intrapulpal Heat Generation during Provisionalization: Effect of Desensitizer and Matrix Type
Authors: Akova Tolga , Ozkomur Ahmet , Dundar Cengiz , Aytutuldu Neslin 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: This study investigated the effect of different matrices and application of a desensitizer on pulpal temperature rise during direct provisionalization. Materials and Methods: The apical third of a second premolar was resected and pulpal tissue was removed. Silicone heat‐conducting medium was injected, and a J‐type thermocouple was inserted into the pulp chamber and sealed. The tooth was embedded in acrylic resin with its cervical line 1 mm higher than the base. Addition and condensation silicone impression materials were mixed and placed inside plastic molds. Impressions were taken before tooth preparation. The tooth was then prepared with a 1.5‐mm shoulder finish line. The experimental model was kept in a 36 °C water bath. Four provisional materials were applied in sequence onto the prepared tooth using matrices. Each provisional resin was used in combination with each matrix (n = 12). Then a dentin desensitizer was coated on the prepared tooth and provisionalizations were made in the same manner. The thermocouple was connected to the data‐logger. During setting of the resins, pulp temperatures were recorded and transferred to the computer. Measurements were conducted for each test group by calculating the temperature rise as the difference between the start and highest temperature reading. Results: The type of the silicone matrix used and the use of desensitizer did not affect the intrapulpal heat generation during direct provisionalization. Conclusion: Application of a desensitizer and different type of matrix seems to be noneffective on intrapulpal heat rise, although the type of provisional material used may be effective.
Fracture Resistance and Stress Distribution in Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars Restored with Composite Resin
Authors: Soares Paulo Vinícius , Santos‐Filho Paulo César Freitas , Queiroz Ellyne Cavalcanti , Araújo Thiago Caixeta , Campos Roberto Elias , Araújo Cleudmar Amaral , Soares Carlos José 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of endodontic and restorative treatment on the fracture resistance of posterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifty intact premolars were selected and randomly placed into five groups (n = 10): G1, intact teeth (control); G2, mesial‐occlusal‐distal (MOD) preparation; G3, MOD preparation restored with composite resin (Z‐250, 3M ESPE); G4, MOD preparation and endodontic treatment; and G5, MOD preparation, endodontic treatment, and composite resin restoration. The specimens were submitted to an axial compression load in a mechanical test machine (EMIC), at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Fracture patterns were analyzed at four levels. Five 2D numerical models were created by Ansys 10.0 for finite element analysis (FEA). Results: Mean values of compressive strength for all groups were (Kgf): G1 (83.6 ± 25.4); G2 (52.7 ± 20.2); G3 (82.1 ± 24.9); G4 (40.2 ± 14.2); G5 (64.5 ± 18.1). Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test) showed that fracture resistance of G1 was significantly higher than that of G5, G2, and G4. Resistance of G3 was also higher than that of G2 and G4. Results showed that the tooth resistance is completely maintained when MOD preparation is restored with composite resin and partially recovered when MOD preparation associated with an endodontic access is restored in the same way. The endodontic treatment and composite resin restoration influenced stress distribution in the dental structure. Conclusions: Composite resin restoration plays an important role in recovering tooth strength. With regard to fracture mode, restoration and endodontic treatment increased the incidence of periodontal involvement, which was demonstrated by association with the finite element mechanical test method.
Accuracy of a Fixed Value Nasion Relator in Facebow Design
Authors: Wilcox Charles W. , Sheets James L. , Wilwerding Terry M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: This study examined whether a fixed value nasion relator accurately locates the orbitale in a patient population. Materials and Methods: The mean value for the vertical distance between soft tissue nasion and orbitale was determined through the analysis of cephalometric radiographs of 114 adult patients. This value was then compared to a facebow design, which uses a fixed value of 25.4 mm. Results: In this study, the mean distance between the orbitale and nasion was found to be 26.8 mm. The values ranged from 15.9 to 39.4 mm with a standard deviation of 3.87 mm. Conclusion: The difference between the calculated mean and the 25.4 mm fixed value was less than 2.0 mm and presumed to be clinically irrelevant; however, an accumulation of design errors combined with the variation within the patient population was asserted to be clinically relevant and makes the use of a fixed value nasion relator impractical.
Cement Selection for Cement‐Retained Crown Technique with Dental Implants
Authors: Sheets James L. , Wilcox Charles , Wilwerding Terry 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the retentive nature of common dental cements that have been adapted for use in the implant abutment cement‐retained crown (CRC) technique with those specifically formulated for this purpose. Materials and Methods: Ten regular diameter implant analogs were embedded in stainless steel disks. Unmodified CRC abutments were attached and torqued to 30 Ncm. Test crowns were waxed and cast with base metal alloy. Castings were fitted, cleaned with aluminum oxide, and steam cleaned prior to application of the cement. The cements used were: (1) Temp Bond, (2) UltraTemp, regular, (3) UltraTemp firm, (4) ImProv with petroleum jelly coating of crown, (5) ImProv without petroleum jelly, (6) Premier Implant with KY Jelly coating of abutment, (7) Premier Implant without KY jelly, (8) TR‐2, (9) Fleck's, (10) Ketac Cem Aplicap, and (11) Fuji Plus Capsule. After cementation, assemblies were stored for 24 hours. Each sample was subjected to a pull‐out test using an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5.0 mm/min. Loads required to remove the crowns were recorded, and mean values for each group determined. A one‐way ANOVA and a post hoc least square difference (LSD) test were done for pairwise comparison at a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The mean values (±SD) of loads at failure (n = 10) for various cements were as follows (N): Ultratemp, regular 358.6 (±38.2) (Group A), ImProv without petroleum jelly 172.4 (±59.6) (Group B), Fleck's 171.8 (±62.2) (Group B), Ketac Cem 167.8 (±69.1) (Group B), UltraTemp firm 158.8 (±62.7) (Group BC), Fuji Plus 147.5 (±69.7) (Group BC), Premier without KY jelly 131.6 (±31.8) (Group BC), ImProv using petroleum jelly 130.8 (±42.5) (Group BC), Temp Bond 117.8 (±48.3) (Group C), TR‐2 41.2 (±16.6) (Group D), and Premier with KY jelly 31.6 (±24.8) (Group D). Groups with the same letter were not significantly different. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it is not suggested that any one cement is better than another at retaining cement‐retained crowns (CRCs) to implant abutments or that a threshold value must be accomplished to ensure retention. The ranking of cements presented is meant to be a discretionary guide for the clinician in deciding the amount of desired retention between castings and implant abutments.
Effect of Auxiliary Grooves on Molar Crown Preparations Lacking Resistance Form: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Lu Po‐Ching , Wilson Peter 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of auxiliary grooves on resistance to dislodgment of crowns on compromised molar preparations lacking resistance form. Materials and Methods: Thirty human molar teeth were randomly assigned to three groups of ten, and prepared to a height‐to‐width ratio of 0.3 with a total convergence of 50°, and 1‐mm shoulder margin. Base metal alloy copings were constructed with a 45° loading platform and cemented with zinc phosphate cement under a 50 N load. Initially, resistance testing was conducted using a Universal Testing Machine (Instron) at 1 mm/min for all 30 specimens. Following crown dislodgment, Group 1 copings were recemented and retested, Group 2 had one axial groove added, and Group 3 had two axial grooves added. New copings for Groups 2 and 3 were made, cemented, and again tested for resistance. Standardized radiographs were taken prior to initial cementation and scanned into digital images. The percentage of area occupied by the pulpal chamber above the acrylic mounting (PS), and the closest distance to pulp from the preparation surface (CD) were measured. Results: Recementation or the addition of one groove did not affect the dislodgment values (p > 0.05), but addition of two grooves caused a highly significant increase in resistance (p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between initial resistance values and pulpal space area. Lower resistance values were observed when the pulpal space area was large (p= 0.004). Conclusions: Crowns can be recemented without affecting resistance to dislodgment. Two grooves should be incorporated into compromised molar crown preparations to increase resistance form. Teeth with large pulps and therefore less coronal dentine have poorer resistance form, and therefore would benefit from placement of auxiliary grooves.
Individually Prefabricated Prosthesis for Maxilla Reconstruction
Authors: Singare Sekou , Liu Yaxiong , Li Dichen , Lu Bingheng , He Sanhu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe reconstruction of maxillofacial bone defects by the intraoperative modeling of implants may reduce the predictability of the esthetic result, leading to more invasive surgery and increased surgical time. To improve the maxillofacial surgery outcome, modern manufacturing methods such as rapid prototyping (RP) technology and methods based on reverse engineering (RE) and medical imaging data are applicable to the manufacture of custom‐made maxillary prostheses. After acquisition of data, an individual computer‐based 3D model of the bony defect is generated. These data are transferred into RE software to create the prosthesis using a computer‐aided design (CAD) model, which is directed into the RP machine for the production of the physical model. The precise fit of the prosthesis is evaluated using the prosthesis and skull models. The prosthesis is then directly used in investment casting such as “Quick Cast” pattern to produce the titanium model. In the clinical reports presented here, reconstructions of two patients with large maxillary bone defects were performed using this new method. The custom prostheses perfectly fit the defects during the operations, and surgery time was reduced. These cases show that the prefabrication of a prosthesis using modern manufacturing technology is an effective method for maxillofacial defect reconstruction.
IgG4 autoantibodies induce dermal–epidermal separation
Authors: Mihai Sidonia , Chiriac Mircea T. , Herrero‐González Josep E. , Goodall Margaret , Jefferis Roy , Savage Caroline O. S. , Zillikens Detlef , Sitaru Cassian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is a sub‐epidermal autoimmune blistering disease associated with autoantibodies to the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ). Patients’ autoantibodies induce dermal–epidermal separation when co‐incubated with cryosections of human skin and leucocytes from healthy volunteers. IgG autoantibodies trigger complement and/or leucocyte activation resulting in specific pathology in several autoimmune conditions. In these diseases, IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes, but not the IgG4 subclass, are thought to trigger inflammatory pathways resulting in tissue damage. The capacity of IgG4 autoantibodies to mediate tissue damage has not yet been demonstrated. In this study, we isolated IgG1 and IgG4 autoantibodies from bullous pemhigoid patients'serum and analysed their blister‐inducing potential in our cryosection assay. As expected, complement‐fixing IgG1 autoantibodies induced sub‐epidermal splits in this experimental model. Purified IgG4 did not fix complement, but, interestingly, like IgG1, activated leucocytes and induced dermal–epidermal separation. The potential of IgG4 autoantibodies to induce Fc‐dependent dermal–epidermal separation was significantly lower compared to IgG1. Our results demonstrate that IgG4 autoantibodies are able to activate leucocytes and point to a hitherto less recognized function of IgG4. Moreover, for the first time, we clearly demonstrate that BP IgG4 autoantibodies have the capacity to induce leucocyte‐dependent tissue damage.
Recent advances in cancer stem/progenitor cell research: therapeutic implications for overcoming resistance to the most aggressive cancers
Authors: Mimeault M. , Hauke R. , Mehta P. P. , Batra S. K. 
Published: October 2007

Introduction
Functions of cancer progenitor cells in the cancer initiation and progression
New model of carcinogenesis based on the cancer progenitor cells
Isolation and ex vitro and in vivo characterization of functional properties of cancer progenitor cells
Functions of cancer progenitor cells in the cancer development
Influence of local tumour microenvironment on the behavior of cancer progenitor cells
Cancer types originating from cancer progenitor cells
New concepts of the heterogeneity of cancers derived from distinct cancer progenitor cells
Implication of cancer progenitor cells in bone marrow‐derived cancers
Leukaemias
Sarcomas
Implication of cancer progenitor cells in pediatric and adult brain tumors
Implication of cancer progenitor cells in other cancer types
Novel cancer therapies by molecular targeting of cancer progenitor cells and their microenvironment
New concepts on the functions of cancer progenitor cells in the resistance to current cancer therapies
New combination therapies against the aggressive and recurrent cancers
Targeting cancer progenitor cells
Targeting the local microenvironment of cancer progenitor cells
Conclusions
Future directions and perspectives

AbstractOvercoming intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer stem/progenitor cells to current clinical treatments represents a major challenge in treating and curing the most aggressive and metastatic cancers. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the cellular origin and molecular mechanisms at the basis of cancer initiation and progression as well as the heterogeneity of cancers arising from the malignant transformation of adult stem/progenitor cells. We describe the critical functions provided by several growth factor cascades, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), stem cell factor (SCF) receptor (KIT), hedgehog and Wnt/β ‐catenin signalling pathways that are frequently activated in cancer progenitor cells and are involved in their sustained growth, survival, invasion and drug resistance. Of therapeutic interest, we also discuss recent progress in the development of new drug combinations to treat the highly aggressive and metastatic cancers including refractory/relapsed leukaemias, melanoma and head and neck, brain, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, pancreas and gastrointestinal cancers which remain incurable in the clinics. The emphasis is on new therapeutic strategies consisting of molecular targeting of distinct oncogenic signalling elements activated in the cancer progenitor cells and their local microenvironment during cancer progression. These new targeted therapies should improve the efficacy of current therapeutic treatments against aggressive cancers, and thereby preventing disease relapse and enhancing patient survival.