bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Darbepoetin Alfa Administered Every 3 Weeks on Hematologic Outcomes and Quality of Life in Older Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia
Authors: Boccia Ralph , Lillie Tom , Tomita Dianne , Balducci Lodovico 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) may substantially impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older cancer patients. This exploratory analysis evaluated the effect of darbepoetin alfa administered as a fixed dose (300 μg) every 3 weeks (Q3W) on hematologic outcomes, HRQoL, and safety in older (≥65 years old) versus younger (&lt;65 years old) patients with CIA (hemoglobin &lt;11g/dl). Patients were categorized by age at screening: &lt;65, ≥65 to &lt;70, ≥70 to &lt;75, ≥75 to &lt;80, and ≥80 years old. Patients who received at least one dose of darbepoetin alfa were included in the analysis; of 1,493 patients, 724 were ≥65 years old. Age did not appear to influence hematologic outcomes after treatment with darbepoetin alfa; in all age categories, similar percentages of patients (78%–80%) achieved the target hemoglobin in approximately the same time (4–5 weeks). Also, the percentage of patients in each age category who received RBC transfusions was reduced from 10%–13% in month 1 to 2%–4% in month 4. Although younger patients reported the greatest improvement in HRQoL scores, approximately one half in each older age category reported clinically significant improvement in fatigue, and improvement in the Energy and Overall Health Assessment and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scales. There were no treatment-related deaths. Treatment-related thromboembolic events were reported by &lt;1% of patients &lt;65 years old and &lt;1% of patients ≥65 to &lt;70 and ≥70 to &lt;75 years old. Darbepoetin alfa Q3W appeared well tolerated and effective for treating older patients with CIA.
Management and Preparedness for Infusion and Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: May 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the physiology of the different clinical hypersensitivity and infusion reactions to monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy.Select appropriate prevention and treatment strategies for hypersensitivity reactions.Describe the differences between acquired and acute hypersensitivity reactions.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Are we making a difference?
Authors: Clyne Michael 
Published: May 2007

Language is crucial in our lives and to all disciplines. It affects our well-being individually and collectively and touches important sociopolitical issues. Linguists/applied linguists have exciting opportunities for interdisciplinary research and to work in contexts personally meaningful to them. While language is the concern of all people, professionals have special responsibilities to provide leadership in understanding how it works and responsible insights into the uses and abuses of language in society.
Australian language specialists can offer the rest of the world experience with language policy, typological and language contact studies, and bilingual language acquisition. Some Australians have advanced linguistic knowledge through studies of indigenous languages. Many have worked with indigenous, ethnic and other communities and professional groups, providing evidence in court or advice to teachers and families. Some broadcast regularly or occasionally. But have we succeeded in contesting the monolingual mindset of the mainstream? The Australian authors represented in language sections of most general bookshops are not linguists.
Far more collaboration and coordination of initiatives through the professional societies is needed to put languages back on the national agenda and make Australia more language-aware. This should lead to recognizing, valuing, fostering and transmitting, supporting and sharing our linguistic diversity. Australia’s rich language potential has only been partly realized.
Malposition of Unerupted Mandibular Second Premolar in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Shalish Miri , Will Leslie A. , Shustermann Stephen 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether distoangular malposition of the unerupted mandibular second premolar (MnP2) is more frequent in children with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study examined panoramic radiographs from 45 patients with unilateral clefts of the lip and/or palate who had no previous orthodontics. A control sample consisted of age- and sex-matched patients. The distal angle formed between the long axis of MnP2 and the tangent to the inferior border was measured. The mean, standard deviation, and range were calculated for the angles measured in the cleft and the control groups. The significance of the differences between the means was evaluated by the paired t-test. The angles of the cleft and noncleft sides were also measured and compared.
Results: The mean inclination of the MnP2 on the cleft side was 73.6°, compared with 84.6° in the control group. This difference was highly significant statistically (P &lt; .0001). The difference in angles from the cleft and noncleft sides was 0.7°, not statistically significant. A significant association was found between clefting and distoangular malposition of the developing MnP2, suggesting a shared genetic etiology. This association is independent of the clefting side, ruling out possible local mechanical effects.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for anomalous development of MnP2 in children with clefts.
The Perception of Children's Computer-Imaged Facial Profiles by Patients, Mothers and Clinicians
Authors: Miner Robert M. , Anderson Nina K. , Evans Carla A. , Giddon Donald B. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of a new imaging system for comparing the morphometric bases of children's self-perception of their facial profile with the perceptions of their mothers and treating clinicians.
Materials and Methods: Rather than choosing among a series of static images, a computer imaging program was developed to elicit a range of acceptable responses or tolerance for change from which a midpoint of acceptability was derived. Using the method of Giddon et al, three profile features (upper and lower lips and mandible) from standardized images of 24 patients aged 8– 15 years were distorted and presented to patients, parents, and clinicians in random order as slowly moving images (four frames per second) from retrusive and protrusive extremes. Subjects clicked the mouse when the image became acceptable and released it when it was no longer acceptable. Subjects responded similarly to a neutral facial profile.
Results: Patients and their mothers overestimated the protrusiveness of the mandible of the actual pretreatment profile. Consistent with related studies, mothers had a smaller tolerance for change in the soft tissue profile than the children or clinicians. The magnitudes of the children's self-preference and preferred change in a neutral face were also significantly correlated. Both patients and mothers preferred a more protrusive profile than that of the actual or neutral face for the patient and neutral face.
Conclusion: Imaging software can be used with children to compare their preferences with those of parents and clinicians to facilitate treatment planning and patient satisfaction.
Excess Adhesive Flash Upon Bracket Placement
Authors: Armstrong David , Shen Gang , Petocz Peter , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine if there is any significant difference in excess adhesive flash (EAF) with the use of APC PLUS adhesive coated appliance system and Transbond XT and if other variables such as side of the mouth, time taken to bond the brackets, the age of the orthodontic specialist, or the years of clinical experience affected the amount of EAF.
Materials and Methods: Twenty orthodontic specialists bonded 20 preadjusted straight wire brackets (Victory, 3M Unitek) on a typodont with a Class I crowded malocclusion in a split-mouth design, with one-half of the brackets bonded with APC PLUS adhesive system and the other half with Transbond XT. The teeth were sputter coated with gold and an image was taken at 32× magnification in a scanning electron microscope (Philips XL30). The resultant tagged image file (TIF) was opened in AnalySIS Pro 3.1 (Soft Imaging System, Munich, Germany) and the area of EAF was measured.
Results: t-Tests demonstrated that: (1) there was no statistically significant difference in EAF between two adhesives when bonding in different quadrants of dentition; and (2) there was no statistically significant difference in EAF between two adhesives overall. Analysis of variance models demonstrated there were no statistically significant differences found regarding the age of the orthodontic specialists, years of clinical experience, and time in performing the bonding.
Conclusions: The addition of a coloring agent to assist in the visualization of the excess adhesive does not reduce the amount of excessive adhesive around orthodontic brackets.
Interleukin 1β Levels around Microscrew Implants during Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Sarı Emel , Uçar Cihan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To determine whether interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels are elevated around microscrew implants that are used as anchorage for tooth movement.Materials and Methods: Ten young adults, aged 16.3 ± 2.5 years and with all four premolars extracted , comprised the study group. Twenty maxillary microscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alveolar bone between the maxillary second premolars and first molars as anchorage units for distal movement of the maxillary canines. The maxillary canines served as the treatment group, and the microscrew implants were designated as the implant group. The mandibular canines were used as controls. Peri-microscrew implant crevicular fluid (MICF) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected at the beginning of tooth movement (2 weeks after implant placement); at 24, 48, and 168 hours later; and on days 14 and 21. An automated enzyme immunoassay was used to measure 1L-1β in the MICF and the GCF.Results: The mean 1L-1β level in the treatment group was significantly elevated at 24 hours (P = .003 &lt; .05) and 48 hours (P = .003 &lt; .05), whereas the levels in the control and implant groups did not change significantly during the experimental period. Also, the mean 1L-1β level of the treatment group was significantly higher that in both the control and implant groups at 24 and 48 hours.Conclusions: The microscrew implants did not demonstrate increased 1L-1β levels during tooth movement. This supports the concept that microscrew implants might be useful as absolute anchorage devices.
Load-Deflection Characteristics of Superelastic Nickel-Titanium Wires
Authors: Bartzela Theodosia N. , Senn Christiane , Wichelhaus Andrea 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the mechanical properties of commercially available thermodynamic wires and to classify these wires mathematically into different groups.
Materials and Methods: The samples examined were 48 nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy orthodontic wires commercially available from five manufacturers. These samples included 0.016-inch, 0.016- × 0.022-inch, 0.017- × 0.025-inch, and 0.018- × 0.025-inch wires. The superelastic properties of the NiTi wires were evaluated by conducting the three-point bending test under uniform testing conditions. The group classification was made under mathematically restricted parameters, and the final classification was according to their clinical plateau length.
Results: The orthodontic wires tested are classified as follows: (1) true superelastic wires, which presented a clinical plateau length of ≥0.5 mm; (2) borderline superelastic with a clinical plateau length of &lt;0.5 mm and &gt;0.05 mm; and (3) nonsuperelastic, with a clinical plateau length of ≤0.05 mm. The results showed that the range of products displays big variations in quantitative and qualitative behavior. A fraction of the tested wires showed weak superelasticity, and others showed no superelasticity. Some of the products showed permanent deformation after the three-point bending test.
Conclusion: A significant fraction of the tested wires showed no or only weak superelasticity. The practitioner should be informed for the load-deflection characteristics of the NiTi orthodontic wires to choose the proper products for the given treatment needs.
Clinical Evaluation of a Low-Friction Attachment Device during Canine Retraction
Authors: Deguchi Toru , Imai Mikako , Sugawara Yasuyo , Ando Ryoko , Kushima Kazuhiko , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: The present study used a split-mouth design to compare the amount of canine movement and the retraction time between brackets with Clear Snap and brackets with stainless steel ligature wires for three different levels of retraction force.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 30 patients was used. After initial leveling, the canine was retracted using a 50-g (n = 10), 100-g (n = 10), or 150-g (n = 10) closed-coil spring. The canine on one side was chosen at random, and Clear Snap was attached to the bracket during the retraction period. The other side was used as a control. The amount of canine retraction was measured with a digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance.
Results: The average canine retraction time was approximately 2 to 3 months less in all experimental groups (50, 100, and 150 g) compared to the control group. In the control group, 150 g resulted in a shorter duration of canine retraction compared to 50 g. There was no significant difference in the duration of canine retraction among the experimental groups. A greater amount of mean total canine movement was observed in all experimental groups compared to the control groups.
Conclusion: A shorter duration of canine retraction time was observed with Clear Snap attached when compared with the control. The authors suggest that with the use of Clear Snap, less than 50 g of force may effectively retract a canine.
Effect of Incisor Angulation on Overjet and Overbite in Class II Camouflage Treatment
Authors: Sangcharearn Yasinee , Ho Christopher 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objectives: To determine the amount of variation in overjet and overbite that may result from changes in upper and lower incisor angulations following upper first premolar extraction treatment in Class II malocclusions.
Materials and Methods: Typodonts were set up to simulate a skeletal Class II occlusion treated with upper first premolar extractions. The upper incisor angulation was altered through a range from 100° to 120° to the palatal plane by 2° increments. The overjet and overbite were measured with every 2° of upper incisor angulation change. A regression analysis was performed on the experimental data, and the regression coefficients, slope, and intercept were estimated.
Results: Excessive proclination of the lower incisors will result in an abnormal overjet and overbite relationship for any magnitude of upper incisor angulation. A normal lower incisor angulation facilitates the attainment of an optimal occlusion. Excessive palatal root torque of the upper incisors will result in an increase in overjet and a consequent decrease in overbite. If the upper incisors are excessively retroclined, an edge-to-edge incisor relationship will result.
Conclusion: Class II camouflage treatment with upper first premolar extractions requires correctly angulated incisors to achieve optimal buccal segment interdigitation and incisor relationship. Labial root torque and interproximal reduction of the lower anterior teeth should be considered when the lower incisors are excessively proclined.
Treatment of Class II Protrusion with Severe Crowding Using Indirect Miniscrew Anchorage
Authors: Choi Nak-Chun , Park Young-Chel , Lee Han-Ah , Lee Kee-Joon 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This report describes the nonsurgical treatment of a patient with skeletal Class II protrusion and severe crowding. A 20-year-old woman presented with the chief complaint of lip protrusion and crowding. To correct the Class II relationship, severe crowding, and lip protrusion, distal movement of the maxillary first molars using indirect miniscrew anchorage and nickel-titanium coil springs, along with extraction of the first premolars and maxillary second molars, was planned. After the distal molar movement phase was complete, the maxillary first molars had moved 8.0 mm to the distal, and the first premolars, which were splinted to the miniscrews, had moved 0.5 mm to the mesial. The results show that the distal molar movement mechanics were efficient and stable. After treatment, all of the patient's chief complaints were relieved and an esthetic facial profile was obtained.
Human Whole-Eye Donation for Research—Optimizing Clinical Trial Informed Consent
Authors: Bramstedt Katrina A. 
Published: March 2024

ImportancePosthumous whole-eye (globe) donations for research lack a mechanism that reinvolves the existing ophthalmic research team of the donor unless there is a preplanned donor directive. Disconnection between the deceased and their research team equates to lost opportunities for the research team to have a longitudinal view of the eyes that have been involved in their research.ObjectivesTo use the clinical trial informed consent process to create a posthumous research donation opportunity that directs the donation to the currently affiliated research team of the donors (preserving the longitudinal research experience).Evidence ReviewedCurrent globe donation pathways were reviewed. Additionally, published advice from the fields of ophthalmology, brain banking, and implantable medical devices were used as reference points.FindingsGlobe donation represents a small but valuable type of ocular donation. Globe donation for research purposes is useful for investigators performing total human eye allotransplantation clinical trials, as well as for ophthalmic drug or device researchers. Results suggest that those performing invasive eye research should include the option of posthumous globe donation in their study protocols and informed consent forms to facilitate more opportunities for the generation of scientific knowledge.Conclusions and RelevanceThe longitudinal perspective can be valuable especially for eyes that have received long-term treatment with an investigational drug or device. This article poses a research-informed consent framework for posthumous globe donation.
Color‐Tunable Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Single Pt (O^N^C^N)‐Dibenzofuran Emitter Exhibiting High External Quantum Efficiency of ≈30% and Superior Operational Lifetime
Authors: Mao Mao , Li Huiyang , Lo Kar‐Wai , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Xu Shuo , Wan Qingyun , Tan Kaixin , An Pengcheng , Cheng Gang , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractColor‐tunable organic light‐emitting diodes (CT‐OLEDs) have a large color‐tuning range, high efficiency and operational stability at practical luminance, making them ideal for human‐machine interactive terminals of wearable biomedical devices. However, the device operational lifetime of CT‐OLEDs is currently far from reaching practical requirements. To address this problem, a tetradentate Pt(II) complex named tetra‐Pt‐dbf, which can emit efficiently in both monomer and aggregation states, is designed. This emitter has high Td of 508 °C and large intermolecular bonding energy of ‐52.0 kcal mol⁻1, which improve its thermal/chemical stability. This unique single‐emitter CT‐OLED essentially avoids the “color‐aging issue” and achieves a large color‐tuning span (red to yellowish green) and a high external quantum efficiency （EQE） of ≈30% at 1000 cd m−2 as well as an EQE of above 25% at 10000 cd m−2. A superior LT90 operational lifetime of 520,536 h at a functional luminance of 100 cd m−2, which is over 20 times longer than the state‐of‐the‐art CT‐OLEDs, is estimated. To demonstrate the potential application of such OLEDs in wearable biomedical devices, a simple electromyography (EMG)‐visualization system is fabricated using the CT‐OLEDs.
Self‐Assembled Interlayer Enables High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics with Power Conversion Efficiency Exceeding 20%
Authors: Guan Shitao , Li Yaokai , Xu Chang , Yin Ni , Xu Chenran , Wang Congxu , Wang Mengting , Xu Yuxi , Chen Qi , Wang Dawei , Zuo Lijian , Chen Hongzheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterfacial layers (ILs) are prerequisites to form the selective charge transport for high‐performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) but mostly result in considerable parasitic absorption loss. Trimming the ILs down to a mono‐molecular level via the self‐assembled monolayer is an effective strategy to mitigate parasitic absorption loss. However, such a strategy suffers from inferior electrical contact with low surface coverage on rough surfaces and poor producibility. To address these issues, here, the self‐assembled interlayer (SAI) strategy is developed, which involves a thin layer of 2–6 nm to form a full coverage on the substrate via both covalent and van der Waals bonds by using a self‐assembled molecule of 2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl) (2PACz). Via the facile spin coating without further rinsing and annealing process, it not only optimizes the electrical and optical properties of OPVs, which enables a world‐record efficiency of 20.17% (19.79% certified) but also simplifies the tedious processing procedure. Moreover, the SAI strategy is especially useful in improving the absorbing selectivity for semi‐transparent OPVs, which enables a record light utilization efficiency of 5.34%. This work provides an effective strategy of SAI to optimize the optical and electrical properties of OPVs for high‐performance and solar window applications.
PLGA‐Based Drug Delivery Systems: A Promising Carrier for Antidiabetic Drug Delivery
Authors: Sharmah Bhaben , Borthakur Amarjit , Manna Prasenjit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles have emerged as a versatile platform for drug delivery due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and tunable release kinetics. One of the primary applications of PLGA nanoparticles in diabetes management is the encapsulation and controlled release of insulin, overcoming the limitations of frequent injections. Such systems provide sustained and stable glycemic control, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. Different types of PLGAs and their derivatives are used for preparing varieties of micro/nanocarriers to deliver insulin as well as diverse antidiabetic molecules, including glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and its analog (exendin‐4), crocetin, metformin hydrochloride, gliclazide, ferulic acid (FA), etc., to reduce hyperglycemia. Here the current state of research and development in PLGA‐based drug delivery systems for diabetes management are summarized. Various strategies employed to enhance the targeting specificity of PLGA nanoparticles in diabetes therapy are explored. The outcome will provide an insight into the drug delivery potential and efficiency of PLGA in managing hyperglycemia and that will be useful in designing novel therapeutic to improve better control of diabetes mellitus. As research in this field continues to progress, PLGA‐based systems hold great potential for revolutionizing the treatment paradigm for diabetes mellitus.