bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of environmental DNA and underwater visual count surveys for detecting juvenile Coho Salmon in small rivers
Authors: Shaffer Jason T. , Kinziger Andrew P. , Bjorkstedt Eric P. , Buchheister Andre 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study compares the probability of detecting juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch using both environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques and underwater visual count (UVC) surveys in northern California rivers. Here, UVC surveys commonly have detection probabilities (p) surpassing 0.90, providing an ideal setting to examine the performance of newer eDNA methods. We also evaluate the potential for using eDNA concentrations to predict the count of Coho Salmon within pool habitats.

Methods
We conducted paired eDNA and UVC surveys in 96 pools across 25 stream reaches within the Smith River basin, California. Method-specific p and the effect of environmental covariates were estimated using multiscale occupancy modeling. We used generalized linear models to evaluate the relationship of fish counts to eDNA concentrations and habitat covariates.

Result
The eDNA and UVC methods showed a high degree of agreement in detecting the presence of Coho Salmon within a pool (93% agreement) and survey reach (80% agreement). Detection probabilities for eDNA (peDNA) and for UVC (pUVC) were similar and high at median levels of pool residual depth and contributing basin area (peDNA = 91%, pUVC = 89%). Contributing basin area (a proxy for discharge) had a strong, negative effect that was more pronounced for peDNA than for pUVC (e.g., in the largest basins, peDNA = 34% whereas pUVC = 77%). We did not find eDNA concentrations to be a good predictor of Coho Salmon counts in small pools.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates that eDNA methods yielded nearly identical results to UVC surveys in catchments &lt;36 km2 and can provide a highly effective approach for determining the distribution of Coho Salmon. However, additional investigation is required before eDNA could be used to estimate relative abundance in small pools.
A framework for optimizing the acquisition protocol multishell diffusion‐weighted imaging for multimodel assessment
Authors: Ciceri Tommaso , De Luca Alberto , Agarwal Nivedita , Arrigoni Filippo , Peruzzo Denis 
Published: March 2024

Complementary aspects of tissue microstructure can be studied with diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). However, there is no consensus on how to design a diffusion acquisition protocol for multiple models within a clinically feasible time. The purpose of this study is to provide a flexible framework that is able to optimize the shell acquisition protocol given a set of DWI models. Eleven healthy subjects underwent an extensive DWI acquisition protocol, including 15 candidate shells, ranging from 10 to 3500 s/mm2. The proposed framework aims to determine the optimized acquisition scheme (OAS) with a data‐driven procedure minimizing the squared error of model‐estimated parameters. We tested the proposed method over five heterogeneous DWI models exploiting both low and high b‐values (i.e., diffusion tensor imaging [DTI], free water, intra‐voxel incoherent motion [IVIM], diffusion kurtosis imaging [DKI], and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging [NODDI]). A voxel‐level and region of interest (ROI)‐level analysis was conducted over the white matter and in 48 fiber bundles, respectively. Results showed that acquiring data for the five abovementioned models via OAS requires 14 min, compared with 35 min for the joint recommended acquisition protocol. The parameters derived from the reference acquisition scheme and the OAS are comparable in terms of estimated values, noise, and tissue contrast. Furthermore, the power analysis showed that the OAS retains the potential sensitivity to group‐level differences in the parameters of interest, with the exception of the free water model. Overall, there is a linear correspondence (R2 = 0.91) between OAS and reference‐derived parameters. In conclusion, the proposed framework optimizes the shell acquisition scheme for a given set of DWI models (i.e., DTI, free water, IVIM, DKI, and NODDI), combining low and high b‐values while saving acquisition time.
Non‐pharmacological strategies to reduce stress and anxiety in endovascular procedures: A scoping review
Authors: Mendes Francisco de Cassio de Oliveira , Santos Kauanny Vitoria Gurgel dos , Dantas Joyce Karolayne dos Santos , Araújo Sara Cristina Matias de , Teixeira Fernanda de Castro , Leal Karena Cristina da Silva , Dantas Daniele Vieira , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to identify and map the production of knowledge on non‐pharmacological strategies to reduce stress and anxiety in patients undergoing endovascular procedures.DesignScoping review.MethodsThe review was performed using the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. The searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, BVS/BIREME, Lilacs, Gale Academic OneFile, SciELO, Cochrane Library, CAPES Catalog of Dissertations and Theses, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Portal of Theses and Dissertations, and Theses and Dissertations from Latin America.ResultsTwenty‐two articles were selected. The articles were published from 2001 to 2022, mostly in Iran, and there was a predominance of randomized clinical trials. The Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory was the most used instrument. The findings indicated that music therapy, educational guidelines or videos on the procedure, massage, psychological preparation and aromatherapy were the main non‐pharmacological therapies used to reduce anxiety and stress in patients undergoing vascular procedures.
Developing the questionnaire of general population knowledge, attitudes and practices towards the COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Namdar Areshtanab Hossein , Vahidi Maryam , Hosseinzadeh Mina , Khani Zahra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo develop the general population knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) questionnaire towards the COVID‐19 outbreak.DesignA methodological study.MethodsThe general population KAP questionnaire items were designed using a literature review. A panel of experts was used to calculate content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and hypothesis testing. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's α coefficient. Eight hundred forty‐seven patients referred to health centres in Tabriz, Iran completed the questionnaire in 2021.ResultsThe developed questionnaire consisted of three parts, including knowledge, attitudes and practices. EFA identified three dimensions for the knowledge (ways of transmission and prevention, high‐risk groups, and symptoms and treatment), three dimensions for the attitudes (hope, fear and view of the vaccine) and three for the practices (adherence to personal and public hygiene, limiting their presence in society and protecting yourself in the community). The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin index for knowledge, attitudes and practices was 0.733, 0.725 and 0.886, respectively, with a significant Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < 0.01). The hypotheses of knowledge and attitudes that are the related factors of practices were confirmed. Cronbach's α was 0.63, 0.74, 0.77, 0.1 and 0.85 for knowledge; fear, hope and view of the vaccine subscales of attitudes; and practices, respectively.Patient or Public ContributionThe developed 47‐item questionnaire had acceptable validity and reliability. Thus, nurses can use it to assess the clients' KAP during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Also, nursing researchers can use this questionnaire in their descriptive and interventional studies.
Patient Characteristics Impacting Adherence to Serial Observation for Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Wang Ronald S. , Asfour Leena , Yang Wenqing , Zhang Yan , Santacatterina Michele , Jethanamest Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine patient characteristics that impact serial observation adherence among vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingSingle tertiary care center.MethodsWe selected for VS patients from 201 to 2020 who elected for serial observation as initial management. Patients under 18, with previous management, bilateral or intralabyrinthine VS, and neurofibromatosis type 2 were excluded. Demographics, tumor characteristics, and follow‐up status were extracted. Single and multiple logistic regression was used to identify patient characteristics impacting follow‐up.ResultsWe identified 507 VS patients who chose serial observation as initial management. Most were female (56.0%), white (73.0%), and married (72.8%). The mean age was 59.3 and most had private insurance (56.4%). Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 2.00. Mean pure tone audiometry (PTA) average was 41.7 Hz. Average tumor size was 9.04 mm. Of 507 patients, 358 (70.6%) returned for at least one follow‐up. On multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with private insurance (odds ratio [OR]: 0.39, confidence interval [CI]: 0.22‐0.68; P = .001), racial minority background (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.35‐0.83; P = .005), worse PTA averages (OR: 0.99, CI: 0.98‐1.00; P = .044), and older age at diagnosis (OR: 0.97, CI: 0.95‐1.00; P = .038) were less likely to follow‐up.ConclusionPrivate health insurance, racial minority background, worse PTA average, and older age were associated with decreased follow‐up among adult VS patients electing serial observation. Patients with these characteristics may require additional support to ensure serial observation adherence.
Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor plasma levels and TAFI Thr325Ile genetic polymorphism in a cohort of Egyptian sickle cell disease patients and impact on disease severity
Authors: Hamdy Mona , Shaheen Iman A. , Khallaf Mohamed , Selim Yasmeen M. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThrombin is a critical protease modulating thrombosis as well as inflammation, which are one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms in sickle vasculopathy, and its levels were reported to be high in sickle cell disease (SCD). The thrombin–thrombomodulin complex activates the TAFI inhibitor of fibrinolysis, which acts by reducing plasmin affinity for its substrate thus hindering fibrinolysis.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the influence of the Thr325Ile single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on TAFI antigen levels and potential effects on the severity of SCD in a cohort of Egyptian patients.MethodsGenotyping of Thr325lle polymorphism using Taq‐Man SNP genotyping assay and TAFI level measurement using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed for 80 SCD patients (45 homozygous HbSS, 16 S/β0 and 19 Sβ+) as well as 80 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy control subjects.ResultsPlasma TAFI levels were higher in SCD patients with Thr325Ile polymorphism, yet the difference was not statistically significant (p = .204). SCD patients with polymorphic genotypes had a greater number of hospital admissions (p = .03). Ten patients with acute chest syndrome had the homozygous polymorphic genotype (GG), and all patients with pulmonary hypertension had the polymorphic genotype (six were homozygous [GG] and five were heterozygous [GA]). Patients with SCD complicated with pulmonary hypertension showed significantly higher plasma TAFI levels (p = .044).ConclusionThe analysis of Thr325Ile polymorphisms combined with plasma TAFI levels suggests that the analyzed SNP could influence plasma TAFL levels and SCD disease severity and hospitalization rates, which could be predictors for complex disease.
Discriminating extra virgin olive oils from common edible oils: Comparable performance of PLS‐DA models trained on low‐field and high‐field 1H NMR data
Authors: Head Thomas , Giebelhaus Ryland T. , Nam Seo Lin , de la Mata A. Paulina , Harynuk James J. , Shipley Paul R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionOlive oil, derived from the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), is used in cooking, cosmetics, and soap production. Due to its high value, some producers adulterate olive oil with cheaper edible oils or fraudulently mislabel oils as olive to increase profitability. Adulterated products can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals and can lack compounds which contribute to the perceived health benefits of olive oil, and its corresponding premium price.ObjectiveThere is a need for robust methods to rapidly authenticate olive oils. By utilising machine learning models trained on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of known olive oil and edible oils, samples can be classified as olive and authenticated. While high‐field NMRs are commonly used for their superior resolution and sensitivity, they are generally prohibitively expensive to purchase and operate for routine screening purposes. Low‐field benchtop NMR presents an affordable alternative.MethodsWe compared the predictive performance of partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS‐DA) models trained on low‐field 60 MHz benchtop proton (1H) NMR and high‐field 400 MHz 1H NMR spectra. The data were acquired from a sample set consisting of 49 extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) and 45 other edible oils.ResultsWe demonstrate that PLS‐DA models trained on low‐field NMR spectra are highly predictive when classifying EVOOs from other oils and perform comparably to those trained on high‐field spectra. We demonstrated that variance was primarily driven by regions of the spectra arising from olefinic protons and ester protons from unsaturated fatty acids in models derived from data at both field strengths.
Silver‐lean metallization and hybrid contacts via plating on screen‐printed metal for silicon solar cells manufacturing
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Chih , Zhang Yuchao , Wang Li , Wang Sisi , Wang Haoran , Huang Chien‐Yu , Chen Ran , Chan Catherine , Hallam Brett 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs PV manufacturing heads towards the multi‐TW scale, it is required to carefully evaluate a wide range of concepts including not only efficiency and cost but also material consumption to ensure sustainable manufacturing of PV technologies. The rapid growth of PV could significantly increase the demand for several materials required in solar cells such as silver, aluminium, copper and even silicon, thereby causing dramatic price fluctuations. Furthermore, the PV manufacturing capacity would be at risk of being limited by the supply of some scarce metals, e.g. with current industrial implementations – screen printing (SP) metallization, the capacities of PERC and TOPCon could be capped at 377 GW and 227 GW with 20% of global silver supply available to the PV industry. In addition, PV systems have ~25–30 years lifespan to ensure low LCOE and emissions. Recycling alone will not provide an immediate solution to overcome the limitation of material consumption in the exponentially growing PV market. It is expected that the Ag usage needs to be reduced to no more than 5 mg/W or even 2 mg/W for all solar cell technologies to allow a multi‐TW manufacturing scale without depleting the global silver supply. Therefore, further advancements in metallization technologies are critically and urgently required to significantly reduce the silver consumption of current screen‐printed contacts in industrial silicon solar cells. This paper firstly presents a roadmap towards the 5 mg/W and 2 mg/W silver consumption targets with various metallization technologies and screen‐printing designs. Subsequently, a hybrid plating on screen‐printed metallization design was proposed to improve the performance and reduce the silver consumption of screen‐printed contacts. The experimental results have demonstrated up to 1.08%abs improvements in fill factor and 0.3%abs gains in cell efficiency. In addition, up to 40%rel reductions in finger silver consumption have been achieved without any sacrifices in the electrical conductivity of such hybrid screen‐printed and plated fingers. This work proposes not only a roadmap but also a promising approach to significantly reduce the Ag demand and benefit sustainable production of industrial screen‐printed silicon solar cells in the TW era.
Engineering quorum quenching acylases with improved kinetic and biochemical properties
Authors: Sompiyachoke Kitty , Elias Mikael H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany Gram‐negative bacteria use N‐acyl‐L‐homoserine lactone (AHL) signals to coordinate phenotypes such as biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Quorum‐quenching enzymes, such as AHL acylases, chemically degrade these molecules which prevents signal reception by bacteria and inhibits undesirable biofilm‐related traits. These capabilities make acylases appealing candidates for controlling microbes, yet candidates with high activity levels and substrate specificity and that are capable of being formulated into materials are needed. In this work, we undertook engineering efforts against two AHL acylases, PvdQ and MacQ, to generate these improved properties using the Protein One‐Stop Shop Server. The engineering of acylases is complicated by low‐throughput enzymatic assays. Alleviating this challenge, we report a time‐course kinetic assay for AHL acylases that monitors the real‐time production of homoserine lactone. Using the assay, we identified variants of PvdQ that were significantly stabilized, with melting point increases of up to 13.2°C, which translated into high resistance against organic solvents and increased compatibility with material coatings. While the MacQ mutants were unexpectedly destabilized, they had considerably improved kinetic properties, with >10‐fold increases against N‐butyryl‐L‐homoserine lactone and N‐hexanoyl‐L‐homoserine lactone. Accordingly, these changes resulted in increased quenching abilities using a biosensor model and greater inhibition of virulence factor production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. While the crystal structure of one of the MacQ variants, M1, did not reveal obvious structural determinants explaining the observed changes in kinetics, it allowed for the capture of an acyl‐enzyme intermediate that confirms a previously hypothesized catalytic mechanism of AHL acylases.
sAMP‐VGG16: Force‐field assisted image‐based deep neural network prediction model for short antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Pandey Poonam , Srivastava Anand 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the last three decades, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative to antibiotics. The approaches for designing AMPs span from experimental trial‐and‐error methods to synthetic hybrid peptide libraries. To overcome the exceedingly expensive and time‐consuming process of designing effective AMPs, many computational and machine‐learning tools for AMP prediction have been recently developed. In general, to encode the peptide sequences, featurization relies on approaches based on (a) amino acid (AA) composition, (b) physicochemical properties, (c) sequence similarity, and (d) structural properties. In this work, we present an image‐based deep neural network model to predict AMPs, where we are using feature encoding based on Drude polarizable force‐field atom types, which can capture the peptide properties more efficiently compared to conventional feature vectors. The proposed prediction model identifies short AMPs (≤30 AA) with promising accuracy and efficiency and can be used as a next‐generation screening method for predicting new AMPs. The source code is publicly available at the Figshare server sAMP‐VGG16.
Towards universal substituent constants: Parameterizing bond critical point properties with electronegativity descriptors
Authors: Lefrancois‐Gagnon Kevin , Mawhinney Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe properties of substituents have long been quantified by their effect elsewhere in a molecule. Ideally, intrinsic properties detailing the true properties of a substituent would be used. These properties are ideally transferable between molecules, to be robust and applied in different situations. Through a study on the bond critical point (BCP) properties of 117 substituents and 17 substrates we find that BCP properties from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules are not transferable between different bonded atoms. However, a substituent's changing electronegativity between substrates help quantify the observed variation. The relationship between changing electronegativities and critical point properties enables development of a relationship to predict critical point properties between a substituent and a new substrate, using only the electronegativity of a substituent attached to hydrogen, and the critical point property between the substituent and H.
Pharmacological advances in anti‐retroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus‐1 infection: A comprehensive review
Authors: Azzman Nursyuhada , Gill Muhammad Shoaib Ali , Hassan Sharifah Syed , Christ Frauke , Debyser Zeger , Mohamed Wan Ahmad Syazani , Ahemad Nafees 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe discovery of anti‐retroviral (ARV) drugs over the past 36 years has introduced various classes, including nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitor, fusion, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors inhibitors. The introduction of combined highly active anti‐retroviral therapies in 1996 was later proven to combat further ARV drug resistance along with enhancing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression. As though the development of ARV therapies was continuously expanding, the variation of action caused by ARV drugs, along with its current updates, was not comprehensively discussed, particularly for HIV‐1 infection. Thus, a range of HIV‐1 ARV medications is covered in this review, including new developments in ARV therapy based on the drug's mechanism of action, the challenges related to HIV‐1, and the need for combination therapy. Optimistically, this article will consolidate the overall updates of HIV‐1 ARV treatments and conclude the significance of HIV‐1‐related pharmacotherapy research to combat the global threat of HIV infection.
Balancing efficiency and fairness: The role of tourism development in economic growth and urban–rural income gap
Authors: Gan Chang , Voda Mihai , Wang Kai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSocial fairness and economic recovery stimulation constitute crucial challenges in countries all around the world, and tourism development has enormous potential for balancing efficiency and fairness. Based on the panel data at city level in Yangtze River Delta Region, China, this study uncovered the role that tourism development plays in economic growth and urban–rural income gap by adopting the dynamic SYS‐GMM model. In addition, the moderating effect model was employed to concentrate on the moderating role of urbanization on the relationship between tourism development and economic growth as well as urban–rural income gap. The main conclusions are as follows. First, tourism development does not only promote economic growth, but it also narrows the urban–rural income gap. Second, when it comes to the dynamic effect generated by tourism development, the economic growth‐promotion effect is stronger than the urban–rural income gap‐inhibiting effect. Third, urbanization can enhance the impact of tourism development on economic growth and the reduction of urban–rural income gap.