bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonmelasma facial melanosis
Authors: Jha Shilpa , Singh G.K. , Chatterjee Manas , Neema Shekhar , Basu Atoshi , Banerjee Santanu 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Paucity of literature and non consensus on clinicohistopathological features amongst the nonmelasma facial melanosis for example lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP), pigmented contact dermatitis (PCD), macular amyloidosis, acanthosis nigricans, pigmented demarcation line, post inflammatory hyperpigmentation, etc., make them difficult to diagnose and equally challenging to treat.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective, uncontrolled study, conducted at tertiary hospital at eastern India in 100 patients presenting with facial hyperpigmentation who agreed to undergo 3 mm skin biopsy during Jan 2014 to Jun 2015. Cases of melasma were excluded by clinical, Woods lamp examination and if required dermoscopy. Details of history, physical examination, histopathological examination, and Immunohistochemical studies were recorded. Melan A was used as melanocytic differentiation marker while CD4, CD8 were used as inflammatory markers. Mean ± SD, chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, degree of agreement by Cohen's Kappa were calculated. P-value was considered significant if ≤0.05.

Results:
44 males and 56 females (56%) (M: F=1:1.24) with mean age of 45.98 years and median duration of illness of 28 months (5 months-13 years) were studied. Out of 43 confirmed cases of PCD, 16 had associated hypothyroidism (chi square 6.11, P-value 0.0134). Maximum patients belonged PCD (n = 47) followed by LPP (n = 27). Maximum concordance of clinical and histopathological diagnosis was present in PCD and LPP (Cohen kappa more than 0.9). Epidermal atrophy and band like inflammatory infiltrate were statistically significant features in LPP (P < 0.001). There was no histopathological and immunohistochemical correlation. Overall, clinical histopathological concordance rate was 77%.

Conclusion:
Subset of nonmelasma facial melanosis is difficult to diagnose clinically which require further confirmation by histopathological examination. Small number of patients in other groups apart from PCD and LPP and uncontrolled study were major limitations of this study.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetic camouflage among dermatology residents
Authors: Sandhu Jasleen Kumar , Pande Purva , Bhalla Mala 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Cosmetic camouflage, used to temporarily normalize appearance, has been shown to improve quality of life in patients with visible disfiguring skin disorders. Its integration into the daily dermatology practice is affected by many hurdles, including dermatologists’ perception about it. Knowledge gained during residency teaching likely affects future practices.

Aims:
This questionnaire-based survey study was planned to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice about cosmetic camouflage among dermatology residents.

Methods:
Dermatology residents in four tertiary care hospitals were contacted for voluntary participation by anonymously filling out a questionnaire devised to assess the awareness of cosmetic camouflage among dermatology residents, various indications of recommendation, any inhibitions in recommending camouflage, problems faced while recommending, and so on.

Results:
Nearly all (30 of 31; 96.8%) of the dermatology residents in the survey were aware of cosmetic camouflage, but translation of this into practice was low as only about half (17 out of 31, 54.8%) had recommended it. Commonest indication known to the residents was vitiligo (27; 87.1%). The most frequent situation for recommendation felt by 20 (64.5%) respondents was in patients with significant disease related psychological morbidity. Most (18; 58.1%) respondents felt one or the other inhibition in recommending camouflage. The respondents felt that the commonest problem faced while recommending camouflage was availability of the camouflage products (21; 67.7%). Majority (13; 41.9%) thought it only had a “somewhat” role in dermatology.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the need to improve early education in residency regarding the option of cosmetic camouflage to address the cosmetic concerns of patients. Setting up of camouflage clinics in teaching hospitals may help in this.
A 4-year follow-up study of 20 cases of stable localized childhood vitiligo treated by autologous, noncultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation
Authors: Abdul Latheef Ettappurath N. , Rahima S. , Muhammed K. , Riyaz Najeeba 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Vitiligo is a common skin disease affecting 1% to 2% of general population. Even though different modalities of treatment available, it remains as a difficult disease to treat. Many cases remain stable after a period of medical therapy without any further response. For treating pediatric vitiligo, currently available and result providing therapies are limited. Surgical techniques are the only hope in such patients. Only limited studies are available regarding surgical interventions in childhood vitiligo.

Aim:
To evaluate the response of autologous, noncultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation in childhood stable vitiligo.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted in 20 cases of stable localized childhood vitiligo (10 segmental and 10 focal) treated by autologous, noncultured melanocyte–keratinocyte cell transplantation. Serial photographs were taken from the first visit onwards. The patients were followed for a period of 4 years. The results were analyzed on a visual analog scale.

Results:
Out of total 20 cases, 11 had excellent (90–100%) response, 4 had good (60–89%), 2 had fair (25–59%), and 3 had poor response (0–24%). Age and sex of the patients and size and duration of lesions did not show significant influence on results of transplantation.

Conclusion:
This is a simple, safe, and effective surgical therapy for replenishing the missing melanocytes even in resistant cases of vitiligo. Only limited studies are there in childhood vitiligo. In spite of its invasive nature, it can be used to treat localized stable vitiligo in children.
Cross-sectional study on clinical profile and quality of life of individuals with occulocutaneous albinism in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ayanlowo Olusola O. , Akinkugbe Ayesha O. , Onakoya Adeola , Otrofanowei Erere , Odiase Ogogho A. , Olumide Yetunde M. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Albinism is a genetic disorder of pigmentation with variable phenotypic presentations. Albinism occurs all over the world, with highest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The most common type is oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), an autosomal recessive disorder. Albinism is associated with morbidity and mortality in Africans. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of OCA, clinical expressions, and effect on the quality of life (QoL).

Methods:
Individuals with albinism were invited through the albino foundations and dermatology clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Structured questionnaires were used to document demographic and clinical data: occupational history, sun exposure, sun protective behavior, knowledge of adverse effects of sun exposure, and QoL and features of photodamage.

Results:
A total of 142 Nigerians with albinism were recruited. The male to female ratio was 1:1.25. The median age was 22.5 and interquartile range 10.25 to 34. Knowledge of need for sun protection was found in 129 (90.8%): 81 (57%) had daily sun exposure and 61 (43%) had work exposure to sun. Use of sun protection was noted in 103 (72.5%). Overall, photodamage was found in 136 subjects (95.8%). Mean effect of albinism and photodamage on QoL was 6.34 ± 4.47 (standard deviation) corresponding to moderate effect on QoL and domain of “symptoms and feelings” was most affected.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of photodamage among people with albinism is high despite knowledge of sun protection. There is need for efforts on photoprotection by individuals with albinism and public health interventions.
Childhood onset vitiligo − clinical profile and impact on quality of life of family members
Authors: Augustine Mary , John Vimal 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Vitiligo, a chronic disease, is distressing for patients and family. There are only a few studies on childhood onset vitiligo that describe its prognosis.

Aim:
To study the clinical and epidemiologic features of childhood onset vitiligo and to assess its impact on quality of life (QoL) of family members.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with vitiligo, with onset before 12 years of age. Clinicoepidemiologic profile was recorded. QoL of family members was assessed using family dermatology life quality index (FDLQI).

Results:
Fifty-four patients with age ranging from 1.2 to 41 years were included. Mean age of onset was 6.68 ± 3.43 years. Generalized vitiligo was most common (33.33%), followed by segmental (31.48%), acrofacial (24.07%), mucosal (7.40%), universal (1.85%), and focal (1.85%) types. About 42% had mucosal involvement, oral mucosa in 27.78%, and genital mucosa in 14.81%. Leukotrichia was significantly more common in segmental vitiligo (SV) than nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV) (P = 0.000046). Of the 9 adult NSV patients, progressive disease was reported in 6 with 10 years duration and 2 with 20 years duration. Mean FDLQI was 7.02 ± 3.64; emotional distress having maximum score (1.09). There was no significant association between total FDLQI and age (P = 0.69), gender (P = 0.528), clinical type (P = 0.874), vitiligo disease activity (VIDA) score (P = 0.105), or site of involvement (P = 0.07).

Conclusion:
NSV can be progressive for many years; a fact to be kept in mind while planning management of childhood onset vitiligo. QoL of family is affected regardless of the clinicoepidemiologic profile.
Significance of the distolingual vestibule and lingual aspects of the mandible in prosthodontics: An in vivo study
Authors: Rastogi Isha , Patel Prima 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Managing and treating severely resorbed ridges is a challenge for the dentist. Especially, in older geriatric patients who have this problem. Till now, the classification by Neil is well accepted by all for the distolingual vestibule region and lingual area.

Materials and Methods:
We studied 500 patients with the presence of mandibular second molar teeth aged 20–50 years. The mirror method and a special instrument were used to view the section of the distolingual aspect present in the lingual area as well as the oral cavity.

Results:
The records were seen and studied well for the class and lingual region present.

Conclusion:
The distolingual alveolar sulcus and lingual region in the mandible are a guide for the tray to be used. We recorded this region in the patients by our technique.
A prospective randomized comparative study of analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine versus dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided interscalene block
Authors: Patel Parth , Bose Neeta , Vasava Jayesh C. , Aterkar Vrushali , Chandnani Anup , Tanna Dhara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ultrasound (USG)-guided interscalene block (ISB) provides excellent anesthesia and analgesia for humerus surgery. Various adjuvants have been used to improve the quality of block and duration of analgesia.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DXM) and dexamethasone (DXA) as an adjuvant to 0.75% ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block among patients undergoing humerus surgery.

Settings and Design:
The study design was a prospective randomized comparative study at a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
After ethical approval and CTRI registration, 52 patients of 18–60 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiology Grade I–II, scheduled for proximal and mid-shaft humerus surgery were randomly allocated in Groups A and B. Group A (n=26) received Ropivacaine 0.75% (20 ml) along with DXM 0.5 µg/ Kg and 2 ml saline (total 22 ml) and Group B (n=26) received Ropivacaine 075% along with DXA 8 mg (total 22 ml). ISB was performed with an in-plane technique using a linear probe. Duration of analgesia, block characteristics (onset, complete sensory, and motor block), and complications were recorded and compared for 24 h.

Statistical Analysis:
Data were statistically analyzed with Social Science Statistics. Student’s unpaired t-test and Chi-square tests were used, and all statistical tests were examined with P ≤ 0.05 level of significance.

Results:
The duration of analgesia in Group B was significantly longer than Group A (13 h 12 min ± 2 h 33 min–8 h 48 min ± 1 h 52 min, P < 0.00001). The groups were comparable regarding block characteristics, baseline demographics, and intraoperative hemodynamic parameters.

Conclusion:
DXA as an adjuvant to ropivacaine provides analgesia for longer duration compared to DXM in USG-guided ISB.
Glaucoma Detection Using Explainable AI and Deep Learning
Authors: Afreen Najeeba , Aluvalu Rajanikanth 
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is an incurable eye syndrome and the second leading reason of vision loss. A retinal scan is usually used to detect it. Glaucoma poses a challenge to predict in its nascent stages because the side effects of glaucoma are not recognized until the advanced stages of the disease are reached. Therefore, regular eye examinations are important and recommended. Manual glaucoma screening methods are labour-intensive and time-consuming processes. However, deep learning-based glaucoma detection methods reduce the need for manual work and improve accuracy and speed. OBJECTIVES: conduct a literature analysis of latest technical publications using various AI, Machine learning, and Deep learning methodologies for automated glaucoma detection. RESULTS: There are 329 Scopus articles on glaucoma detection using retinal images. The quantitative review presented state-of-art methods from different research publications and articles and the usage of a fundus image database for qualitative and quantitative analysis. This paper presents the execution of Explainable AI for Glaucoma prediction Analysis. Explainable AI (XAI) is artificial intelligence (AI) that allows humans to understand AI decisions and predictions. This contrasts with the machine learning “black box” concept, where even the designer cannot explain why the AI made certain decisions. XAI is committed to improving user performance. To provide reliable explanations for Glaucoma forecasting from unhealthy and diseased photos, XAI primarily employs an Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). CONCLUSION: This article proposes and compares the performance metrics of ANFIS & SNN fuzzy layers, VGG19, AlexNet, ResNet, and MobileNet.
Effects of parasitic gate capacitance and gate resistance on radiofrequency performance in LG = 0.15 μm GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors for X‐band applications
Authors: Chang Sung‐Jae , Jeong Hyeon‐Seok , Jung Hyun‐Wook , Choi Su‐Min , Choi Il‐Gyu , Noh Youn‐Sub , Kim Seong‐Il , Lee Sang‐Heung , Ahn Ho‐Kyun , Kang Dong Min , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Lim Jong‐Won 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effects of the parasitic gate capacitance and gate resistance (Rg) on the radiofrequency (RF) performance are investigated in LG = 0.15 μm GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors with T‐gate head size ranging from 0.83 to 1.08 μm. When the device characteristics are compared, the difference in DC characteristics is negligible. The RF performance in terms of the current‐gain cut‐off frequency (fT) and maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) substantially depend on the T‐gate head size. For clarifying the T‐gate head size dependence, small‐signal modeling is conducted to extract the parasitic gate capacitance and Rg. When the T‐gate head size is reduced from 1.08 to 0.83 μm, Rg increases by 82%, while fT and fmax improve by 27% and 26%, respectively, because the parasitic gate–source and gate–drain capacitances reduce by 19% and 43%, respectively. Therefore, minimizing the parasitic gate capacitance is more effective that reducing Rg in our transistor design and fabrication, leading to improved RF performance when reducing the T‐gate head size.
ASPEK HUKUM TINDAK KEKERASAN TERHADAP PESERTA DIDIK OLEH PENDIDIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM
Authors: Kriswanto Kriswanto 
Published: April 2024

Structural violence is systemic and invisible violence, but destructively breeds extreme, widespread and long-term poverty, death and suffering for children. Structural violence, often referred to as system abuse, can be corrupt practices, collusion and nepotism (KKN), repressive control, monopolistic and exploitative economic practices that harm the state, and in turn create socioeconomic conditions that give birth to and nourish the roots of poverty and social violence against children. One of the portraits of structural violence is child and woman trafficking. They are generally traded for employment in illegal and dangerous places, such as in wild mining, nightlife and prostitution.
The problem of the lack of efficiency of various laws (uu) and presidential decrees (Keppres) is as a guarantor of the implementation of child protection assigned in the regulation has no role, and only revolves around cases and penalties, so that interested parties do not receive their rights reasonably. If it already exists then the authorities provide protection against cases of receiving child abuse treatment is actually implemented, then there is no longer any reason for the authorities to protect the party not to carry out its human obligations.
This research is done by building a theory that refers to the provisions of the laws and regulations, the opinions of legal experts written in books or scientific journals of legal science. In the research, it also takes the opinion of practitioners, both those who are state apparatus, law enforcement and legal practitioners who are known to be consistently within the scope of criminal law. The research specification is descriptive analytical because the study will reveal and analyze the legal symptoms that exist at this time. In this study described various problems and facts related to reform and criminal law policy.
Factors that Determine the Amount of Capsaicinoids in Different Peppers
Authors: Sanchez-Xalate Adriana Sugeidy , Pierce Sarah S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Capsaicinoids are a family compounds in peppers that explicitly trigger the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel. TRPV1 of the body signals the brain that a food is spicy. It has been reported that capsaicinoid concentration can vary widely in peppers. In this study, the capsaicinoid concentration as a function of pepper color, pepper type, and the amount of nitrogen content in soil was determined from peppers bought or grown in Tennessee. Capsaicinoid concentration was determined in three different pepper types, including Jalapeño, Serrano, and Cayenne. A solid-liquid extraction was used to isolate the capsaicinoids, followed by UV-VIS spectroscopy to determine the amount of capsaicinoids in each pepper. The concentration of capsaicinoids in Jalapeño and Serrano peppers were not significantly different according to a pairwise t-test. However, Cayenne peppers have a lower concentration of capsaicinoids than Jalapeño or Serrano pepper. Our data indicated that the color of the pepper did not affect capsaicinoid concentration. Other factors, such as nitrogen content in fertilizer, can affect capsaicinoid concentration. Therefore, Cayenne peppers were planted by using store-bought seeds. After the seeds germinated, the plants were given different fertilizers. Miracle Gro fertilizer with 12% and 18% levels of nitrogen were used to treat the plants while the control did not receive fertilizer. According to the ANOVA followed by a Tukey comparison test, the results indicate that the capsaicinoid produced from plants treated with no fertilizer and plants treated with 12% nitrogen fertilizer were significantly different.
Dynamics and Challenges of Democracy in Local Elections in Indonesia and the Netherlands
Authors: Hargono Hargono , Rustan Ahmad , Jambak Fachmi , Alba La Ode , Rahman Rofi Aulia 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Elections for regional heads and heads of government are one of the important aspects in building a democratic system that encourages citizen participation in the political process.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to describe the dynamics and challenges of democracy associated with the implementation of regional elections in several countries. Local elections are a major test of a country's democratic health, and a variety of factors can affect the outcome and integrity of the process.Methods of the Research: This research is legal research using two legal approaches, namely the statute approach and the comparative approach.Results of the Research: The results showed that regional elections have complex dynamics and several significant challenges in the context of democracy. These dynamics include intense political competition, increased public participation, and changes in political communication through social media. While the challenges that need to be faced in regional elections include contests involving incumbents, fraud in elections, political money, voter participation, political polarization, and the integrity of organizers that occur in Indonesia and in the Netherlands. Thus, this study shows that regional elections are not only a political event, but also a test of the quality of a country's democracy. Concerted efforts to address these challenges will play a key role in maintaining and strengthening democratic systems that are healthy and responsive to people's needs.
Effectiveness of Major Assignment and Employee Function in Unitary and Political Agency of Poso Regency
Authors: Herianto Dedy , Nasir Nasir , Agustan Agustan , Imran Muhammad , Mekka Suparman , Gani Kahar 
Published: April 2024

The problems discussed in this research are the ineffectiveness of the implementation of the main tasks and functions of the National Unity and Politics Board which indicates the low quality of employees, the employment relationship which tends to be personal, the placement of employees who pay less attention to the skills and skills aspect, the division of work that is not specialized with good, and facilities and pre-facilities that have not been sufficient and not distributed in accordance with the needs of the work unit resulting in overlapping authority. this study aims to determine and analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of basic tasks and functions of employees at the National Unity and Politics of Poso district. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with unit of analysis of National Unity and Political of Poso Regency which use key informant counted 6 people. Steers revealed that there are three aspects in measuring the effectiveness of employees, namely Adaptation Capabilities / Adaptation, Job Performance, and Job Satisfaction. The results showed that the effectiveness of the implementation of the main tasks and functions of employees viewed from the aspects of Adaptability / Adaptability has been quite effective, while the aspect of Work Achievement has not been effective. Furthermore, on the aspect of Job Satisfaction is also not effective. Therefore, the authors suggest that the leaders make education and training programs for employees in improving their ability and the need to improve the level of discipline of employees in carrying out their main tasks and functions. In addition, the leadership should be more professional in working without discriminating subordinates in reward and punishment.