bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term follow‐up of renal function after high‐dose methotrexate treatment in children
Authors: Grönroos Marika H. , Jahnukainen Timo , Möttönen Merja , Perkkiö Mikko , Irjala Kerttu , Salmi Toivo T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) is commonly used in treatment of pediatric leukemias and lymphomas. Transient deterioration in renal function is frequently noted during HD‐MTX treatment, but possible long‐term changes are less well known. In this study we aimed to study long‐term renal prognosis after HD‐MTX treatment, and to find possible underlying risk factors for reduced renal function.ProcedureMedical records of pediatric cancer patients treated with HD‐MTX were reviewed retrospectively after follow‐up of 1–10 years. Renal function before and after chemotherapy was investigated in a total of 28 patients. Assessment of glomerular and tubular function was prospectively evaluated in each case. Glomerular function was evaluated by either 51Cr‐EDTA or 99mTc‐DTPA clearance methods, and by urinary albumin excretion. Tubular function was assessed by measuring blood electrolyte levels and urinary α1‐ or β2‐microglobulin.ResultsA decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was statistically significant as follow‐up time increased (P = 0.02). Age at the time of diagnosis and exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics during cancer treatment had no influence on GFR. However, albuminuria was observed more often in patients treated with amphotericin B or gentamycin (P = 0.04). No changes in tubular function were observed.ConclusionsOur results show that HD‐MTX treatment significantly decreases GFR and may cause albuminuria in pediatric cancer patients several years after treatment. Long‐term renal follow‐up of these patients is therefore important. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:535–539. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Husbands' perspective of living with wives' ovarian cancer
Authors: Ponto Julie Ann , Barton Debra 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experience of ovarian cancer from the husband's perspective.Methods: Participants were recruited through a large Midwestern hospital and a state ovarian cancer advocacy organization. A one‐time telephone interview was conducted with each participant. The interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed and analyzed for themes.Results: Eleven husbands were interviewed. Themes included the emotional devastation of the initial diagnosis, the ovarian cancer being a whole new focus/priority, changes to the marital relationship, his response influenced by her response, others sharing the burden of providing support and relying on other family members.Conclusion: Ovarian cancer presents unique challenges for husbands. Both positive and negative effects can result and can linger well past the diagnosis and treatment period. Social support, particularly from family members, may be especially helpful to husbands of women with ovarian cancer. Husbands experience multiple emotional, psychological, social effects from their experience with ovarian cancer. Addressing these effects in practice and future research is imperative. Research based on multidimensional frameworks or family theory using standardized instruments may further elucidate consequences of ovarian cancer on spouses and could evaluate predictors or positive and negative effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do rates of mental disorders and existential distress among advanced stage cancer patients increase as death approaches?
Authors: Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Nilsson Matthew , Zhang Baohui , Trice Elizabeth D. , Kissane David W. , Breitbart William , Prigerson Holly G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine whether the prevalence of mental disorders and related factors increase as advanced cancer patients get closer to death.Method: Baseline, cross‐sectional data from 289 patients who were assessed prior to their death as part of a multi‐site, longitudinal, prospective cohort study of advanced cancer patients. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—IV Axis I Disorders. Other factors examined included existential well‐being, patient grief about their illness, physical symptom burden, terminal illness acknowledgment, peacefulness, and the wish to live or die.Results: Closeness to death was not associated with higher rates of mental disorders. Patients closer to death exhibited increased existential distress and physical symptom burden, were more likely to acknowledge being terminally ill, and were more likely to report an increased wish to die.Conclusion: Results do not provide support for the common clinical assumption that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders increases as death nears. However, patients' level of physical distress, acknowledgment of terminal illness, and wish to die, possibly reflecting acceptance of dying, increased as death approached. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm individual changes in rates of mental disorder as patients approach death. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bootstrap control chart for Birnbaum–Saunders percentiles
Authors: Lio Y. L. , Park Chanseok 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe problem of detecting a shift in the percentile of a Birnbaum–Saunders population in a process monitoring situation is considered. For example, such problems may arise when the quality characteristic of interest is tensile strength or breaking stress. The parametric bootstrap method is used to develop a quality control chart for monitoring percentiles when process measurements have a Birnbaum–Saunders distribution. Through extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the behavior and performance of the proposed bootstrap percentile charts. Average run lengths of the proposed percentile chart are also investigated. Illustrative examples with the data concerning the tensile strength of the aluminum sheeting are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust alternative to Hotelling's T2 control chart using trimmed estimators
Authors: Alfaro José Luis , Ortega Juan Fco. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA control chart is one of the primary techniques used in statistical process control. In phase I, historical observations are analysed in order to construct a control chart with which to determine whether the process has been in control over the period of time in which the data were collected. The presence of multiple outliers may go undetected by the usual control charts, such as Hotelling's T2 due to the masking effect. In this paper we propose a robust alternative to Hotelling's T2 control chart with estimators defined using trimming. Simulation studies show that the proposed control chart is more effective than T2 in detecting outliers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Fisher information in quantum chemistry
Authors: Nalewajski Roman F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe classical Fisher information concept is generalized to cover the complex probability amplitudes (wave functions) of quantum mechanics. Its contributions due to the probability and probability‐current densities are identified. General properties of this local information measure are examined and the Schrödinger functional for the kinetic energy is interpreted as the average Fisher information. The information current and source densities are introduced in terms of which the relevant continuity equation is formulated, expressing the local balance of the information content. The superposition principles for the particle probabilities, probability currents, and the Fisher information densities are examined. The interference (nonadditive) contributions to these quantities due to the quantum mechanical mixing of individual states are identified. An illustrative application of using the nonadditive Fisher information of the atomic orbital (AO) resolution in indexing the chemical bond within the 2‐AO model is presented. This AO‐phase sensitive index is capable of distinguishing the bonding, nonbonding, and antibonding electronic states, as do the familiar bond‐orders of quantum chemistry. It is interpreted as a measure of an extra delocalization of electrons due to the bond formation. This is in contrast to the so called quadratic bond‐multiplicity measures and the nonprojected entropy/information concepts of the communication theory of the chemical bond, which both loose the memory about the relative AO‐phases in molecular orbitals, thus failing to distinguish between the bonding and antibonding electron configurations. Finally, the Schrödinger variational principle of quantum mechanics and the related Kohn‐Sham principle of Density‐Functional theory are interpreted as constrained variational principles of the Fisher information contained in the electron probability distributions. They are examples of the Extreme Physical Information principle related to the measurement process. The Fisher‐information principle for the adiabatic (Born‐Oppenheimer) approximation of the molecular quantum mechanics is also examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Plasma free fatty acid profiling in a fish oil human intervention study using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zehethofer Nicole , Pinto Devanand M. , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA rapid method was developed for the simultaneous profiling of 29 free fatty acids in plasma using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI‐MS/MS). Barium acetate was used as the cationization agent in the positive ion mode for sensitive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) experiments. The cis‐ and trans‐C18:1 and ‐C18:2 isomers were baseline‐separated using two tandem reversed‐phase C18 UPLC columns, while identification of two pairs of positional isomers of C18:3 and C20:3 required isomer‐specific product ions, as the analytes were not chromatographically resolved. The assay linearity was greater than three orders of magnitude and correlation coefficients were >0.99; the limits of detections were typically less than 0.2 µM. The method was successfully applied to plasma free fatty acid profiling of samples from volunteers who participated in a randomized crossover study involving the administration of either placebo or fish oil capsules. The results clearly indicate the ability to measure the time profiles of the n‐3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma for the volunteers given fish oil capsules while the concentrations of the other free fatty acids and the total free fatty acid concentration in plasma remained virtually constant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theory analysis of mass spectra of long‐chain isocyanates
Authors: Liu Dongliang , Hao Ce , Zhang Hua , Qiao Weihong , Li Zongshi , Yu Guanghui , Yan Kelu , Guo Yuliang , Cheng Lvbo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractElectron impact mass spectra of four long‐chain isocyanates, lauryl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, hexadecyl isocyanate and octadecyl isocyanate, were obtained with a GCT high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The four isocyanates studied gave a common base peak of m/z 99, which suggested the formation of a stable six‐membered ring structure to decentralize the positive charge. Quantum‐mechanical energy calculation justified that the six‐membered ring base peak had the lowest energy. The positive charge assigned during the fragmentation of the radical cation, and the relative intensity of the fragment ion peaks, were explained by quantum‐mechanical calculations as well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative determination of electric field strengths within dynamically operated devices using EBIC analysis in the SEM
Authors: Pugatschow Anton , Heiderhoff Ralf , Balk Ludwig J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough electron beam‐induced current (EBIC) technique was invented in the seventies, it is still a powerful technique for failure analysis and reliability investigations of modern materials and devices. Time‐resolved and stroboscopic microanalyses using sampling Fourier components decomposed by modulated charge carrier excitation are introduced. Quantitative determination of electric field strengths within dynamically operated devices in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) will be demonstrated. This technique allows investigations of diffusion and drift processes and of variations of electric field distributions inside active devices. SCANNING 30: 324–330, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Der Umbau des Salzburger Stadions zur Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2008 – ein integrativer Entscheidungsprozess
Authors: Olipitz Michael , Sastré Hanno , Trummer Andreas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAls einer von vier Austragungsstandorten der Fußball Europameisterschaft 2008 wurde das Salzburger Fußballstadion, Wals‐Siezenheim, von 16500 Sitzplätzen auf 30000 Sitzplätze und 900 Medienplätze erweitert. Hierzu wurden das bestehende Dach (Bilder 1 und 3) um 10 m angehoben und eine zweite Tribünenebene eingebaut (Bilder 2 und 4). Wesentlich für die Planung waren die konsekutiven Entscheidungen, welche zum gewählten Umbaukonzept führten. Zunächst wurde festgelegt, das komplette Dach zu heben anstatt es zu demontieren. Es wurde ein geeignetes Hebesystem entwickelt, welches den ständig laufenden Spielbetrieb während der Umbauarbeiten garantierte, außerdem wurde das Dach in die neue Tribünenkonstruktion integriert. Diese Bauweise erforderte konstruktive Entkoppelungen und zusätzliche Aussteifungen der geplanten Tribünenkonstruktionen.Dieser Bericht beschreibt den Hubvorgang des Stadiondaches, die dazu notwendigen Hilfskonstruktionen und Sicherungsmaßnahmen sowie die Konstruktion der Tribünenerweiterungen aus Stahl. Auf die Bauaufgabe optimierte Entscheidungsprozesse sind Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Abwicklung solcher Großprojekte und erfordern das Zusammenspiel aller am Bau Beteiligten.
Nachträglicher Einbau von Stoßschutzanlagen an Binnenschiffsschleusen – Beispiele Schleusen Varloh und Bollingerfähr
Authors: Grabau Jürgen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractStoßschutzanlagen sind wesentlicher Bestandteil der stahlbaulichen und maschinenbaulichen Ausrüstung von Binnenschiffsschleusen. Durch Vermeidung von Toranfahrungen tragen sie erheblich zur Betriebssicherheit bei. Beim Neubau von Schleusen sind diese Einrichtungen obligatorisch. Der nachträgliche Einbau derartiger Einrichtungen ist nicht unproblematisch, da sie verträglich in den vorhandenen Baubestand zu integrieren sind. Dieser Beitrag erläutert am Beispiel der Dortmund‐Ems‐Kanal (DEK)‐Schleusen Varloh und Bollingerfähr die besondere Problematik.
Zur Aussteifung von Biegeträgern durch Drehbettung und Schubsteifigkeit
Authors: Lindner Joachim 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEin genauerer aber auch aufwendigerer Nachweis des Biegedrillknickens darf unterbleiben, wenn Werte für Mindeststeifigkeiten erfüllt sind. Bekannt sind Angaben für die erforderliche Drehbettung cϑ in den aktuellen Regelwerken DIN 18800‐2 und DIN EN 1993‐1‐1. Hier werden die in DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, Tab. BB‐1 angegebenen Werte, die aus DIN 18800‐2 Tab. 6 stammen, auf der Grundlage der unterschiedlichen Biegedrillknickkurven in beiden Regelwerken neu bestimmt und für mehr Lastfälle angegeben. Bezüglich der insbesondere bei Trapezprofilen ebenfalls vorhandenen SchubsteifigkeitS sind in den Regelwerken und der Literatur unterschiedliche Angaben vorhanden. Zur Angabe einer Mindest‐Schubsteifigkeit Smin, die einen genaueren Biegedrillknicknachweis erübrigt, werden hier zusätzliche Untersuchungen vorgelegt, die die Verwendbarkeit von Smin einschränken. Es zeigt sich, dass der in der Literatur angegebene WertS nach Gl. (5a) nur in einem begrenzten Anwendungsbereich zuverlässig ist.
Die Auswirkung von duktilen Anschlüssen auf die Explosionsresistenz lasttragender Stützen
Authors: Rutner Marcus , Mensinger Martin , Trometer Stefan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLasttragende Stützen sind in den meisten Baukonstruktionen vorhanden, sie finden zum Beispiel als Geschoss‐Stützen oder als Brückenpfeiler Anwendung. In dieser Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich die lasttragende Stütze bei Explosion verhält, und welche konstruktiven nderungen im Querschnitt und am Bauteil einen höheren Widerstand gegen die Explosionsdruckwelle herbeiführen. Ausgehend vom einfachen Stahlquerschnitt bis hin zum teil‐ und vollständig betonierten Verbundquerschnitt, wird der Einfluss des Querschnittsaufbaus der Stütze auf das Widerstandsverhalten untersucht. Dabei wird die Stütze nicht als isoliertes Bauteil betrachtet, sondern installiert in eine flexible Nachbarkonstruktion. Die Weichheit der Anschlusskonstruktion wird mitberücksichtigt. Das Antwortverhalten repräsentativer Stahl‐ und Verbundstützentypen wird verglichen, die Positionen lokaler Überbeanspruchung werden diagnostiziert, die Versagensmechanismen des Bauteils definiert. Die Fortentwicklung des Querschnittsaufbaus und die konstruktiven Veränderungen am Bauteil stellen einen Beitrag dar zu einer verbesserten Explosionsresistenz der lasttragenden Stützen. Die Studie verfolgt den lokalen Ansatz, in englischer Literatur specific local resistance design approach genannt, indem entsprechend den detektierten lokalen Schadensbildern konstruktive Schutztechnologien entwickelt werden. Bei Stützen, die starr an der Geländeoberkante eingespannt oder wenig flexibel gelagert sind, zeigt sich der Stützenfuß als besonders verwundbar. Konstruktive Verstärkungen sind hier erforderlich, um die hohen Auflagerkräfte ohne lokale Schädigung in das Fundament einzuleiten. Das Potential der duktilen Auflagerbedingung wird untersucht, um durch mögliche Verformung und Energiedissipation die Spannungskonzentrationen am Stützenfuß zu verringern. Konstruktive Lösungen werden erarbeitet, die einen von außen unsichtbaren Schutz gewährleisten, und in Vergleichsberechnungen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit ausgewertet. Für die numerischen Untersuchungen dieser Studie wurde die Software MD Nastran verwendet.
A density‐based greedy algorithm for higher strength covering arrays
Authors: Bryce Renée C. , Colbourn Charles J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlgorithmic construction of software interaction test suites has focussed on pairwise coverage; less is known about the efficient construction of test suites for t‐way interactions with t≥3. This study extends an efficient density‐based algorithm for pairwise coverage to generate t‐way interaction test suites and shows that it guarantees a logarithmic upper bound on the size of the test suites as a function of the number of factors. To complement this theoretical guarantee, an implementation is outlined and some practical improvements are made. Computational comparisons with other published methods are reported. Many of the results improve upon those in the literature. However, limitations on the ability of one‐test‐at‐a‐time algorithms are also identified. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classification of benign and malignant breast tumors using neural networks and three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Kuo S.‐J. , Hsiao Y.‐H. , Huang Y.‐L. , Chen D.‐R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the use of three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of solid breast tumors using a neural network model as a classifier.MethodsData from 102 benign and 93 malignant breast tumor images that had pathological confirmation were collected consecutively from January 2003 to February 2004. We used 3D power Doppler ultrasound to calculate three indices (vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI)) for the tumor itself and for the tumor plus a 3‐mm shell surrounding it. These data were applied to a multilayer perception (MLP) neural network model and we evaluated the model as a classifier to assess the capability of 3D power Doppler sonography to differentiate between benign and malignant solid breast tumors.ResultsThe accuracy of the MLP model for classifying malignancy was 84.6%, the sensitivity was 90.3%, the specificity was 79.4%, the positive predictive value was 80.0% and the negative predictive value was 90.0%. When the neural network was used to combine the three 3D power Doppler indices, the area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve was 0.89.Conclusions3D power Doppler ultrasound may serve as a useful tool in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors, and its capability may be increased by using a MLP neural network model as a classifier. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Leemans F. A. J. M. , McCloskey James A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe direct combination of gas‐liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry represents one of the most powerful techniques available for the analysis of complex mixtures of lipids. Principal advantages are the extremely small amounts of material required, the relative speed of analysis, and the wealth of molecular structural information available. The ability to record rapidly several mass spectra of one emerging chromatographic peak may also frequently be of use in detecting impurities, unresolved mixtures, or thermal decomposition of the sample. In the development of new gas chromatographic analytical procedures, the combination instrument may frequently prove highly useful for following chemical reactions in the preparation of new types of derivatives for GLC.
Use of alizarin red S for determining critical micelle concentration of cationic surfactants
Authors: Malik Wahid U. , Verma Surendra Pal 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe critical micelle concentrations of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cetyl pyridinium bromide have been calculated by a spectral‐dye method. Alizarin red S at pH 9.12 was found to be suitable for these two cationics. Two shifts in the dye maximum, one due to complex formation (500 mॖ or 525 mॖ) and the other due to the dye‐surfactant complex solubilized in the micelles of the cationics were realized. The critical micelle concentration was represented by the point of intersection of two curves at wavelength 500 mॖ and 550 mॖ for cetyl pyridinium bromide and 525 mॖ and 550 mॖ for cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
Soybean oil quality as influenced by planting site and variety
Authors: Chu W. S. , Sheldon V. L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSeven soybean genotypes were grown in various locations in Illinois and Missouri. Crude oils were analyzed for fatty acid composition, total phospholipid, free fatty acids, iron and peroxide value. Of the seven varieties examined, William's beans showed significant differences in total oil, protein, and fatty acid composition relative to planting sites. Evidence was obtained that crude oil from beans grown on irrigated land were higher in polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower in iron contents compared to those grown on nonirrigated land.