bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotype-biochemical phenotype analysis in newborns with biotinidase deficiency in Southeastern Anatolia
Authors: Karaoglan Murat , Nacarkahya Gulper , Aytac Emel Hatun , Keskin Mehmet 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
Biotinidase deficiency (BTD) is characterized by a wide range of genetic variants. However, the correlation between these variants and the biochemical phenotypes of BTD is not well-established due to the diversity of the BTD gene, the variable nature of biotinidase, and difficulties in measuring enzyme activity. This study aims to identify BTD gene variants in newborns screened for biotinidase deficiency in Southeastern Anatolia and to examine the correlation between these variants and biochemical phenotypes.

Materials and methods
BTD variant analysis and biotinidase enzyme (BT) activity measurements were performed on 711 newborns. Enzyme activity was measured using the colorimetric method. Biochemical phenotyping was categorized into three groups based on mean residual enzyme activity: profound (≤ 10%), partial (10.1–30%), and normal (> 30.1%). The pathogenicity of BTD gene variants was determined using BTD databases.

Results
The biochemical phenotypes were distributed as follows: a) profound: n = 22 (3%), b) partial: n = 95 (13.3%), and c) normal: n = 594 (83.7%). The mean enzyme activities (%) for these groups were 8.79 ± 1.87, 22.67 ± 4.55, and 97.98 ± 17.45, respectively. The most common alleles and their frequencies were p.D444H (n = 526) (37%), p.R157H (n = 172) (12.1%), and p.C33Ffster*36 (n = 73) (9%). The pathogenicity of the variants was as follows: pathogenic: 481 (33.8%), likely pathogenic: 4 (0.2%), and variant of uncertain significance (VUS): 538 (37.8%).

Conclusion
In this large cohort in Southeastern Anatolia, the most common alleles were p.D444H, p.R157H, and p.C33Ffster*36 in BTD variants. The results indicate a low concordance between the biochemical phenotype and genotype in newborns with BTD. This study highlights the inadequacy of predicting the biochemical phenotype based solely on variant pathogenicity in biotinidase deficiency during the neonatal period.
Association of Decreased Bone Density and Hyperlipidemia in a Taiwanese Older Adult Population
Authors: Chen Hui-Ming , Hsu Chung-Yuan , Pan Bo-Lin , Huang Chih-Fang , Chen Chao-Tung , Chuang Hung-Yi , Lee Chih-Hung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to determine if a combination of 2 abnormal lipid profiles revealed a stronger association with low bone mass than a single blood lipid abnormality alone.

Methods
This study enrolled 1373 participants who had received a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan from January 2016 to December 2016 in a medical center in southern Taiwan. Logistic regression was used to examine association between lipid profiles and osteopenia or osteoporosis after adjusting for covariates.

Results
Compared to people with total cholesterol (TC) &lt; 200 mg/dL, those with TC ≥ 240 mg/dL tended to have osteopenia or osteoporosis (OR 2.61; 95% CI, 1.44-4.71). Compared to people with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) &lt; 130 mg/dL, those with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL tended to develop osteopenia or osteoporosis (OR 2.13; 95% CI, 1.21-3.74). The association of increased triglyceride and decreased bone mass was similar, although not statistically significant. Those with the combination of TG ≥ 200 mg/dL and TC ≥ 240 mg/dL had a stronger tendency to have osteopenia or osteoporosis (OR 3.51; 95% CI, 1.11-11.13) than people with only one blood lipid abnormality. Similarly, people with TG ≥ 200 mg/dL and LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL had a stronger tendency to have osteopenia or osteoporosis (OR 9.31; 95% CI, 1.15-75.42) than people with only one blood lipid abnormality, after adjustment for the same covariates.

Conclusion
Blood levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG were associated with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Results indicate that individuals aged older than 50 years with abnormal lipid profiles should be urged to participate in a bone density survey to exclude osteopenia or osteoporosis.
Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity and Loss of Post-Surgery Independent Living: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Bronx Hospital Network
Authors: Witt Annika S. , Rudolph Maíra I. , Sterling Felix Dailey , Azimaraghi Omid , Wachtendorf Luca J. , Montilla Medrano Elilary , Joseph Vilma , Akeju Oluwaseun , Wongtangman Karuna , Straker Tracey , Karaye Ibraheem M. , Houle Timothy T. , Eikermann Matthias , Aguirre-Alarcon Adela ,   the Health Outcomes and Perioperative Equity (HOPE) Group Investigators Writing Committee
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Black race is associated with postoperative adverse discharge to a nursing facility, but the effects of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity are unclear. We explored the Hispanic paradox, described as improved health outcomes among Hispanic/Latino patients on postoperative adverse discharge to nursing facility.

METHODS:
A total of 93,356 adults who underwent surgery and were admitted from home to Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, New York, between January 2016 and June 2021 were included. The association between self-identified Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and the primary outcome, postoperative adverse discharge to a nursing home or skilled nursing facility, was investigated. Interaction analysis was used to examine the impact of socioeconomic status, determined by estimated median household income and insurance status, on the primary association. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the proportion of variance attributed to the patient’s residential area defined by zip code and self-identified ethnicity.

RESULTS:
Approximately 45.9% (42,832) of patients identified as Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and 9.7% (9074) patients experienced postoperative adverse discharge. Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with lower risk of adverse discharge (relative risk [RRadj] 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 00.82–0.94; P < .001), indicating a Hispanic Paradox. This effect was modified by the patient’s socioeconomic status (P-for-interaction <.001). Among patients with a high socioeconomic status, the Hispanic paradox was abolished (RRadj 1.10; 95% CI, 11.00–1.20; P = .035). Furthermore, within patients of low socioeconomic status, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was associated with a higher likelihood of postoperative discharge home with health services compared to non-Hispanic/Latino patients (RRadj 1.06; 95% CI, 11.01–1.12; P = .017).

CONCLUSIONS:
Hispanic/Latino ethnicity is a protective factor for postoperative adverse discharge, but this association is modified by socioeconomic status. Future studies should focus on postoperative discharge disposition and socioeconomic barriers in patients with Hispanic/Latino ethnicity.
Optimal Consumption and Investment with Independent Stochastic Labor Income
Authors: Bensoussan Alain , Park Seyoung 
Published: March 2024

We develop a new dynamic continuous-time model of optimal consumption and investment to include independent stochastic labor income. We reduce the problem of solving the Bellman equation to a problem of solving an integral equation. We then explicitly characterize the optimal consumption and investment strategy as a function of income-to-wealth ratio. We provide some analytical comparative statics associated with the value function and optimal strategies. We also develop a quite general numerical algorithm for control iteration and solve the Bellman equation as a sequence of solutions to ordinary differential equations. This numerical algorithm can be readily applied to many other optimal consumption and investment problems especially with extra nondiversifiable Brownian risks, resulting in nonlinear Bellman equations. Finally, our numerical analysis illustrates how the presence of stochastic labor income affects the optimal consumption and investment strategy. Funding: A. Bensoussan was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant [DMS-2204795]. S. Park was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea, South Korea [NRF-2022S1A3A2A02089950].
Multi-Species Weed and Crop Classification Comparison Using Five Different Deep Learning Network Architectures
Authors: GC Sunil , Zhang Yu , Howatt Kirk , Schumacher Leon G. , Sun Xin 
Published: March 2024

HighlightsConvNeXt model was applied for weed and crop species classification, a first in this field.Five CNN architectures were utilized to classify six weed species and eight crop species.CNN architectures with millions of parameters were trained for improved performance.All CNN models showcased impressive performance, except for Densenet.Abstract. The detection of individual weed and crop species from RGB images is a challenging task that becomes even more difficult as the number of species increases. This is because similarities in the phenotypic traits of weeds and crops make it difficult to accurately distinguish one species from another. In this study, five deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were employed to classify six weed and eight crop species from North Dakota and assess the performance of each model for specific species from a single image. An automated data acquisition system was utilized to collect and process RGB images twice in a greenhouse setting. The first set of data was used to train the CNN models by updating all of its convolutional layers, while the second set was used to evaluate the performance of the models. The results showed that all CNN architectures, except Densenet, demonstrated strong performance, with macro average f1-scores (measurement of model accuracy) ranging from 0.85 to 0.87 and weighted average f1-scores ranging from 0.87 to 0.88. The presence of three weed classes—palmer amaranth, redroot pigweed, and waterhemp, all of which share similar phenotypic traits—negatively affected the model's performance. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that CNN architectures hold great potential for classifying weed and crop species in North Dakota, with the exception of situations where plants have similar visible characteristics. Keywords: Deep learning, Precision agriculture, Weed and crop classification.
Equity and efficiency of health resource allocation in township health centers in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Zhou Minghua 
Published: March 2024

Objective
To analyze the equity and efficiency of health resource allocation in township health centers in Sichuan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for promoting the development of township health centers in Sichuan Province, China.

Methods
The Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and health resource density index were used to analyze the equity of health resource allocation in township health centers in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021, and data envelopment analysis(DEA) was used to analyze the efficiency of health resource allocation in township health centers in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021.

Results
The Gini coefficient of health resources of township health centers in Sichuan Province is below 0.2 by population in addition to the number of beds in 2020–2021 and practicing (assistant) physicians in 2021, and the Gini coefficient of health resources of township health centers in Sichuan Province is above 0.6 by geography. The Lorentz curve of health resources of township health centers in Sichuan Province is closer to the equity line by population allocation and further from the equity line by geographical allocation. The average level of township health centers in Sichuan Province is used as the standard to calculate the health resource density standard index(W) of each region, the Ws of Panzhihua, Ganzi, Aba and Liangshan are less than 1, and the Ws of Ziyang, Neijiang, Deyang and Meishan are greater than 1. The overall efficiency of township health centers in Sichuan Province in 2017 and 2021 is 1, and the DEA is relatively effective. The overall efficiency of township health centers in Sichuan Province in 2018 and 2019 is not 1, and the DEA is relatively ineffective. The overall efficiency of all health resources in Mianyang and Ziyang is 1, and the DEA is relatively effective. The overall efficiency of all health resources in Suining, Neijiang, Yibin, Aba and Ganzi is not 1, and the DEA is relatively ineffective.

Conclusion
The equity of health resource allocation by population is better than that by geography in township health centers in Sichuan Province. Combining population and geographical factors, the health resource allocation of Panzhihua, Ganzi, Aba and Liangshan is lower than the average level of Sichuan Province. The efficiency of health resource allocation in township health centers in Sichuan Province is low.
THERMAL PROCESSING OF OIL FLAX BONES INTO ACTIVATED CARBON
Authors: Safin Rushan Gareevich , Sotnikov Victor Georgievich 
Published: March 2024

Flax shives – waste generated during the primary processing of flax in the textile industry, make up 70% of the total mass of oil flax stalks. The results of an experimental study of the thermal processing of oil flax bonfires by the method of slow conductive pyrolysis in the temperature range of 400–650 °C are presented. An experimental bench for thermal decomposition of flax fire and activation of carbon residue by superheated water vapor is presented. The required temperature regimes of pyrogenetic decomposition were established, which are in the range of 500–600 °C. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of experimental samples of biochar obtained by pyrogenetic decomposition of flax fires has been carried out. At low temperatures of 400–430 °C, the specific gravity of carbon is in the range of 80–82%. Under temperature conditions of 500–600 °C, the specific gravity of carbon was 91–93%. At higher temperature conditions, the yield of gaseous products increases, and the ash content in the solid carbonaceous residue increases. The modes of steam activation of biochar from flax fires have been established, so to achieve the best sorption values, water vapor should be at a temperature of 900 °C. A comparative analysis of the sorption abilities of experimentally obtained activated carbon with BAU-A activated carbon is given. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the activated carbon from the fire of flax corresponds to the parameters of GOST 6217-74.
Asociación entre el patrón dietético y la sarcopenia en individuos con criterios de síndrome metabólico: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Catalina-Palomares Daniel , Botella Juan Lorena , De Frutos-Galindo Irene , Yubero-García Paula , Fernández-Somoano Ana , Martín-Sánchez Vicente , Marcos-Delgado Alba 
Published: March 2024

Introducción: El objetivo principal de esta revisión sistemática fue explorar la relación los patrones dietéticos y el desarrollo de sarcopenia en personas con criterios diagnósticos de síndrome metabólico.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con el estándar de las directrices PRISMA. Los criterios de inclusión fueron población adulta (mayor de 18 años), ambos sexos, diagnosticados de síndrome metabólico (SM) o alguno de sus componentes (obesidad, dislipemia, hipertensión o resistencia a la insulina), estudios transversales, de cohortes o ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y artículos en inglés o español. El número de registro del protocolo en PROSPERO es CRD42022369071.
Resultados: Se encontraron 662 artículos, tras el cribado y selección, se analizaron 16. Dichos artículos fueron 12 estudios transversales, 1 ECA y 3 estudios de cohortes. La muestra total estudiada fue de 21453 personas. Se observó heterogeneidad en los métodos de recogida de información de los estudios. Los resultados se dividieron en tres grupos según los métodos de recogida de datos utilizados en el estudio: encuesta dietética, Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Alimentos (FFQ) y otros métodos. Se encontró una asociación entre la baja ingesta de fibra o vitamina C y las dietas desequilibradas con el desarrollo de sarcopenia en personas con SM. Sin embargo, se encontró asociación entre una dieta rica en hidratos de carbono, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DAHS), la dieta mediterránea, ovolactovegetariana y las dietas tradicionales brasileñas y un menor riesgo de desarrollo sarcopenia.
Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación entre la baja ingesta de fibra y las dietas desequilibradas y un alto riesgo de desarrollo de sarcopenia, mientras que las dietas de buena calidad con un alto contenido en verduras, fibra y alimentos antiinflamatorios redujeron el riesgo.
Financiación: no existen fuentes de financiación para este estudio.
Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning
Authors: Reiner Silvan , Grossniklaus Michael 
Published: March 2024

In database systems, accurate cardinality estimation is a cornerstone of effective query optimization. In this context, estimators that use machine learning have shown significant promise. Despite their potential, the effectiveness of these learned estimators strongly depends on their ability to learn from small training sets.
This paper presents a novel approach for learned cardinality estimation that addresses this issue by enhancing sample efficiency. We propose a neural network architecture informed by geometric deep learning principles that represents queries as join graphs. Furthermore, we introduce an innovative encoding for complex predicates, treating their encoding as a feature selection problem. Additionally, we devise a regularization term that employs equalities of the relational algebra and three-valued logic, augmenting the training process without requiring additional ground truth cardinalities. We rigorously evaluate our model across multiple benchmarks, examining q-errors, runtimes, and the impact of workload distribution shifts. Our results demonstrate that our model significantly improves the end-to-end runtimes of PostgreSQL, even with cardinalities gathered from as little as 100 query executions.
FusionFlow: Accelerating Data Preprocessing for Machine Learning with CPU-GPU Cooperation
Authors: Kim Taeyoon , Park ChanHo , Mukimbekov Mansur , Hong Heelim , Kim Minseok , Jin Ze , Kim Changdae , Shin Ji-Yong , Jeon Myeongjae 
Published: March 2024

Data augmentation enhances the accuracy of DL models by diversifying training samples through a sequence of data transformations. While recent advancements in data augmentation have demonstrated remarkable efficacy, they often rely on computationally expensive and dynamic algorithms. Unfortunately, current system optimizations, primarily designed to leverage CPUs, cannot effectively support these methods due to costs and limited resource availability.
To address these issues, we introduce FusionFlow, a system that cooperatively utilizes both CPUs and GPUs to accelerate the data preprocessing stage of DL training that runs the data augmentation algorithm. FusionFlow orchestrates data preprocessing tasks across CPUs and GPUs while minimizing interference with GPU-based model training. In doing so, it effectively mitigates the risk of GPU memory overflow by managing memory allocations of the tasks within the GPU-wide free space. Furthermore, FusionFlow provides a dynamic scheduling strategy for tasks with varying computational demands and reallocates compute resources on the fly to enhance training throughput for both single and multi-GPU DL jobs. Our evaluations show that FusionFlow outperforms existing CPU-based methods by 16--285% in single-machine scenarios and, to achieve similar training speeds, requires 50--60% fewer CPUs compared to utilizing scalable compute resources from external servers.
Caloric restriction reduces proteinuria in male rats with established nephropathy
Authors: Sijbesma J. W. A. , van Waarde A. , Klooster A. , Kion I. , Slart R. H. J. A. , Lammertsma A. A. , Giacobbo B. Lima , Boersma H. H. , Dierckx R. A. J. O. , van Goor H. , Bakker S. J. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReducing proteinuria is a crucial approach in preventing kidney function loss. Previous preclinical studies indicated that caloric restriction (CR) imposed at a young age protects against age‐related proteinuria. However, these studies have not explored CR in established renal disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of CR on established proteinuria. Rats, aged 12 ± 2 weeks, were administered 2.1 mg/kg of Adriamycin. Six weeks after injection, protein excretion was measured, and a [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography (PET) scan was conducted to assess kidney perfusion. After 7 weeks rats were divided into four groups: ad libitum (AL) and CR groups fed either a 12% or a 20% protein diet. All groups were treated for 12 weeks. Blood pressure was measured and a second PET scan was acquired at the end of the study. The animals subjected to CR exhibited a 20.3% decrease in protein excretion (p = 0.003) compared to those in the AL groups. Additionally, blood pressure in the CR group was 21.2% lower (p < 0.001) than in the AL groups. While kidney function declined over time in all groups, the 20% CR group demonstrated the smallest decline. Thus CR effectively reduces urinary protein excretion and lowers blood pressure in rats with established proteinuria.
Circulating tumor DNA methylation: a promising clinical tool for cancer diagnosis and management
Authors: Wang Binliang , Wang Meng , Lin Ya , Zhao Jinlan , Gu Hongcang , Li Xiangjuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cancer continues to pose significant challenges to the medical community. Early detection, accurate molecular profiling, and adequate assessment of treatment response are critical factors in improving the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Accumulating evidence shows that circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shed by tumors into the peripheral blood preserves the genetic and epigenetic information of primary tumors. Notably, DNA methylation, an essential and stable epigenetic modification, exhibits both cancer- and tissue-specific patterns. As a result, ctDNA methylation has emerged as a promising molecular marker for noninvasive testing in cancer clinics. In this review, we summarize the existing techniques for ctDNA methylation detection, describe the current research status of ctDNA methylation, and present the potential applications of ctDNA-based assays in the clinic. The insights presented in this article could serve as a roadmap for future research and clinical applications of ctDNA methylation.
Synthesis of multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT-MIPs) for isolating ethyl para-methoxycinnamate and ethyl cinnamate from Kaempferia galanga L., extract with methacrylic acid as functional monomer
Authors: Susanti Ike , Triadenda Anastasya Leatemia , Murdaya Niky , Rahayu Driyanti , Pratiwi Rimadani , Rosandi Yudi , Hasanah Aliya Nur 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Kaempferia galanga L. extract contains ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC) and ethyl cinnamate (EC), which have several pharmacological activities. EPMC and EC have been successfully isolated, but the %yield was low. Therefore, developing an isolation method to increase the %yield result of EPMC and EC is essential. The molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied to separate lot of active compounds from natural products with excellent results. MIP synthesis is usually performed using a single template with high selectivity for the target analyte but only detect single chemical compounds. Hence, this study synthesized multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers (MT-MIPs) for isolating EPMC and EC simultaneously using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or trimethyl propane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as a crosslinker. The study results indicate that MT-MIP produced with TRIM is more effective in separating EPMC and EC simultaneously in K. galanga L. extracts. However, the yields of EPMC and EC were still low. The yields of EPMC and EC in n-hexane extracts were 1.557 and 1.929%, with purity of 66.330 and 61.510%, respectively. Further research is necessary to determine the ideal functional monomer and its ratio to template molecules to obtain the excellent selectivity of the MT-MIPs used for simultaneously isolating EPMC and EC.