bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in liver lipids after administration of 2‐decanoylamino‐3‐morpholinopropiophenone and chlorpromazine
Authors: Hospattankar Ashok V. , Vunnam Ranga R. , Radin Norman S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe enzyme which forms glucocerebroside, ceramide: UDP‐glucose glucosyltransferase, is inactivated in vitro by a cationic analog of cerebroside, 2‐decanoylamino‐3‐morpholinopropiophenone. A study of the inhibitor using intraperitoneal injection into young mice showed that the level of the enzyme activity in liver was appreciably lowered between 3 and 6 hr after injection. The activity increased subsequently, overshooting the normal level within 24 hr by about 20%, then returning to normal within the next 24 hr. Additional effects observed in liver were an increase in lipid content (primarily in the triglyceride fraction and ceramides) and a decrease in the glucocerebroside level. Body temperature dropped rapidly. Markedly similar effects were produced by injecting chlorpromazine, which was tried in order to reduce the hyperirritability and inhibitory effects on monoamine oxidase previously demonstrated by the glucosyltransferase inhibitor. Chlorpromazine did indeed block the hyperirritability and resulted in enhancement of the keto amine's effects on the enzyme and lipids. It is possible that the two drugs in combination would be helpful in ameliorating the symptoms due to the cerebroside accumulation that occurs in Gaucher disease. Diazepam also produced a reduced level of glucosyltransferase. A color reaction for chlorpromazine, possibly suitable for quantitative determination in tissues, was accidentally discovered.
Stereospecificity of premature human infant lingual lipase
Authors: Jensen Robert G. , Dejong F. A. , Clark R. M. , Palmgren Lisa G. , Liao Teresa H. , Hamosh Margit 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe lingual lipase in gastric aspirates from premature infants was found to be partially stereospecific forsn‐3 esters of synthetic enantiometric triacylglycerols containing 18∶1 and 16∶0. Thesn‐3 ester was hydrolyzed about 4 times faster than the acid at thesn‐1 position with no difference in rates between 18∶1 and 16∶0. Thesn‐2 was also hydrolyzed to some extent.
Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in fasting ponies
Authors: Bauer John E. , Ransone Welford D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlterations in the fatty acid distribution of total lipid extracts and 4 of the major lipid subclasses of serum in ponies fasted overnight and for 4 and 7 days were determined. Although increases in 16∶0, 16∶1, and 18∶3ω3 were observed, decreased amounts of 18∶0 and 18∶2ω6 combined to cause no significant change in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio in the total extracts. Phospholipid became somewhat preferentially enriched in saturated fatty acids due to a decrease in 18∶1, although this response was variable. The free fatty acid and triglyceride fractions both showed increases in relative amounts of 18∶3ω3 and a alteration was most likely due to the mobilization of an increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids from tissue sites with their subsequent incorporation into triglyceride by the liver. It probably reflects the type of forage diet on which the animals had been maintained prior to the study. The fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fractions was unchanged during fasting but contained appreciable amounts of the 18∶2ω6 fatty acid.
Inhibition by adenosine triphosphate of heart microsomal neutral lipase activity
Authors: Murthy Veeraraghavan K. , Stiles Mark R. , Shipp Joseph C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTriacylglycerol lipolysis was inhibited by palmitate, in the isolated perfused normal rat heart. Acetate or acetylcarnitine could reproduce the inhibitory effects of palmitate. Since heart neutral lipase plays an important role in the lipolysis of heart triacylglycerols, the effects of acetylcarnitine, acetyl CoA and related metabolites on the microsomal neutral lipase activity were studied. ATP inhibited the enzyme activity in a concentration‐dependent manner without a lag phase. AMP and adenylyl imidodiphosphate, two compounds structurally related to ATP but whose phosphate groups cannot be transferred, did not inhibit the microsomal lipase activity. These results suggested that ATP inhibited the lipase activity through the transfer of its phosphate group. It is proposed that cellular ATP concentration is a determinant of tricylglycerol lipolysis in the heart.
Fatty acid composition of tissue phospholipids and prostaglandin excretion in hyperlipidemia induced in rats by implantation of the mammotropic pituitary tumor MtT‐F4
Authors: Huang Y. S. , Martineau A. , Falardeau P. , Davignon J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA mammotropic pituitary tumor, MtT‐F4, was implanted into male Fisher 344 rats for a period of 4 weeks. This tumor induced growth retardation, hyperlipidemia, hepatic hypertrophy and adrenal hyperplasia. Lipids were extracted from various tissues. In tumor‐bearing rats, phospholipid concentration was found to be increased in plasma, spleen and testis. Distribution among the various phospholipid classes was similar to that of controls except in liver and heart, where phosphatidylcholine was increased at the expense of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine. The main difference was in the fatty acid composition of major phospholipids. The proportion of ω6 fatty acids was lower and that of docosahexaenoic acid of the ω3 series (22∶6ω3) was higher in most tissues, especially in plasma, liver, heart and kidney. Concurrently, the urinary excretion of two endogenous metabolites of PGI2 (2,3‐dinor‐6‐keto‐PGF1α and 6,15‐diketo‐13,14‐dihydro‐2,3‐dinor‐PGF1α) was found to be increased significantly in tumor‐bearing rats. The results raise the hypothesis that hormonal changes induced by the MtT‐F4 tumor accelerate the conversion of arachidonic acid (20∶4ω6) to prostaglandins. This effect, perhaps coupled with a diversion of linoleic acid (18∶2ω6) towards other metabolic processes, would account for a partial depletion of membrane phospholipids in 18∶2ω6 and for the reduced production of longer chain ω6 unsaturated acids from 20∶4ω6, creating a state of “relative essential fatty acid deficiency.” As a result, the metabolism of ω3 fatty acids is altered towards an enhanced production of 22∶6ω3 which accumulates in the lipids of cell membranes to compensate for the depletion of unsaturated acids of the ω6 series.
Modification of microsomal lipid composition and electron transport enzyme activities in isovalerate‐supplemented cells of novelTetrahymena ISO
Authors: Watanabe Takehito , Fukushima Hirofumi , Sasaki Noboru , Umeki Shigenobu , Suezawa Yoshie , Nozawa Yoshinori 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTetrahymena ISO cells, which have an unusually high level ofiso odd‐numbered fatty acids, were grown medium supplemented with various concentrations of isovalerate. There was a marked increase in the total proportion ofiso odd‐numbered fatty acids in supplemented whole cells (28.9→70.3%) and microsomes (37.7→84%), with a corresponding decrease in normal fatty acids, although no significant alteration of phospholipid composition was observe during 11 hr isovalerate‐supplementation. Microsomal palmitoyl‐CoA and stearoyl‐CoA desaturase activities in isovalerate‐supplemented cells decreased by 45.7% and 30.6% during 11 hr, respectively. NADH‐cytochrome c reductase and NADH‐ferricyanide reductase activities as well as the content of cytochrome b560ms, which is similar to mammalian microsomal cytochrome b5, were reduced in microsomes from 11 hr‐supplemented cells, whereas NADPH‐cytochrome c reductase activity was constant. It is suggested that the alteration of the cross‐sectional area of lipid molecules in the bilayer, which results from the replacement of normal fatty acids withiso‐15∶0 andiso‐17∶1, would result in the decline of palmitoyl‐ and stearoyl‐CoA desaturation in the isovalerate‐supplemented cells, in order to maintain membrane fluidity at a functional level.
Effects of lysophosphatidylcholine on jejunal water and solute transport in the rat in vivo
Authors: Ammon H. V. , Loeffler R. E. , Luedtke L. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effects of lysophosphatidylcholine on jejunal water and solute transport were studied in vivo in the rat. Five mM lysophosphatidylcholine significantly reduced absorption of water, electrolytes and glucose (P<0.05) and 10 mM lysophosphatidylcholine induced net fluid secretion. The effects of 10 mM lysophosphatidylcholine were significantly reduced in the presence of 5 mM phosphatidylcholine (P<0.05) and 2 mM cholesterol (P<0.05). The fractional absorption of lysophosphatidylcholine decreased with increasing concentration of the detergent in the perfusion solution. Increasing concentrations of taurocholate in the perfusion solutions potentiated the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (P<0.01), although 10 mM taurocholate by itself had no significant effect on intestinal water and electrolyte transport. The data establish that lysophosphatidylcholine, a zwitterionic detergent, affects intestinal transport in the same way as bile acids, fatty acids and synthetic cationic or nonionic detergents. By comparison with the response of the human jejunum to taurodeoxycholate, it is likely that lysophosphatidylcholine generated during the normal process of digestion has an effect on intestinal water and solute transport in man.
Influence of stage of lactation on the triacylglycerol composition of buffalo milk fat
Authors: Arumughan C. , Narayanan K. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMilk fats obtained from colostrum and early, middle and late lactation samples of buffalo milk were analyzed for their triacylglycerol (TG) compositions. Each milk fat first separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) into high, medium and low molecular weight TG. The TG fractions thus obtained were further segregated by argentation TLC, according to their degree of unsaturation into saturated,trans‐monoene,cis‐monoene, diene and polyene species. With progressive lactation, the major changes from colostral fat were an increase in lower fatty acids and decline in oleic acid. This caused, in turn, marked variations in saturated TG and diene TG and, to a smaller extent, in polyene TG. Monoene TG, bothcis andtrans, remained practically constant throughout. These trends were largely reversed toward the end of lactation.
Differential effects of dietary fatty acids on the accumulation of arachidonic acid and its metabolic conversion through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in platelets and vascular tissue
Authors: Galli C. , Agradi E. , Petroni A. , Tremoli E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSemisynthetic diets containing either corn oil (CO) or butter (B) (11 and 2.2 en % as linoleic acid, respectively) were fed to male rabbits for periods of 3 weeks and 3 months. The CO diet, in respect to the B diet, induced higher levels of linoleic acid (LA) and lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet phospholipids, lower levels of AA in aortic phosphatidylinositol (PI) and accumulation of both LA and AA in liver lipids. The thresholds for aggregation with AA, but not with collagen, were higher in the CO group and the formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) from [14C] AA, but not from endogenous substrate after collagen stimulation, was lower in the same group. Formation of PGE2‐like material by incubated aortas was higher in the B group. In the CO group, platelet cyclooxygenase appeared to be selectively depressed. The correlations among diet‐induced fatty acid changes in platelet and aortic lipids, platelet aggregation and thromboxane and prostacyclin formation are discussed.
Accumulation of neutral lipids by human skin fibroblasts: Differential effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Rosenthal Miriam D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe accumulation of neutral lipids by human skin fibroblasts grown in medium supplemented with fatty acids has been investigated. GM‐10 cells incorporated exogenous fatty acids into both phospholipids and neutral lipids. More [14C] oleate, linoleate, or linolenate was incorporated into triacylglycerol than was [14C] palmitate or stearate. Supplementation of medium containing delipidized serum with unsaturated fatty acids resulted in far more stimulation of [14C] glycerol incorporation into triacylglycerol than did supplementation with saturated fatty acids. Palmitate‐ and stearate‐fed cells incorporated sizable amounts of [14C] fatty acids and [14C] glycerol into diacylglycerol as well as triacylglycerol, especially at higher fatty acid concentrations. Increased oleate supplementation from 10–300 μM resulted in increased triacylglycerol synthesis and accumulation of discrete cytoplasmic lipid droplets; palmitate concentrations above 70 μm were toxic. Micrographs of the palmitate‐fed cells showed electron translucent slits, suggesting solid depositions of saturated fat, rather than the discrete osmiophilic droplets found in oleate‐fed cells. Although GM‐10 cells can synthesize fully saturated triacylglycerols, these data suggest that in cells fed saturated fatty acids, solid depositions of neutral lipids may sequester diacylglycerols and thus limit triacylglycerol synthesis.
Effect of fat and microflora on hepatic, small intestinal and colonic HMG CoA reductase, cytochrome P450 and cytochrome B5
Authors: Smith‐Barbaro Peggy , Hanson Debra , Reddy Bandaru S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHigh levels of dietary fat caused a significant reduction in HMG CoA reductase activity in the liver of germ‐free rats whereas significantly elevated small intestinal enzyme activity was observed. Dietary fat had no significant effect on HMG CoA reductase activity in any tissue studied in the conventional rat. No significant change in colonic HMG CoA reductase activity was observed between any of the experimental groups. Rats fed a high‐fat diet tended to exhibit higher cytochrome P450 levels in all tissues studied, regardless of the presence of intestinal microflora.
Alteration of liver microsomal proteins from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed cyclopropenoid fatty acids
Authors: Selivonchick Daniel P. , Williams Janet L. , Schaup Henry W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRainbow trout were fed diets containing cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) at 50 and 300 ppm with appropriate controls fed CPFA‐free diets. Treatment with CPFA altered the overall microsomal protein composition in a manner suggesting a reduction of high molecular weight components. One protein found in low concentration in controls appeared dominant in experimental animals, with the effect more pronounced as dietary levels of CPFA increased. The estimated molecular weight of this component was 41,500 daltons. Membrane fractions from CPFA‐fed fish separated on a Bio‐Gel P‐150 column revealed a significant number of small molecular weight components that suggest degradation of microsomal proteins. These data suggest an alteration by CPFA of membrane protein composition.
Influence of elaidate and erucate on heart mitochondria
Authors: Lee Hsu Chi Ming , Kummerow Fred A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMale, weanling rats were fed, for up to six weeks, corn oil (CO), rapeseed oil (RSO), partially hydrogenated fat (HF), or a mixture of partially hydrogenated fat and corn oil (HF+CO). The respiratory activity of their isolated heart mitochondria, their hormone‐sensitive lipase activity, and the fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids of the mitochondria were determined. The results indicated that heart mitochondria isolated from rats which had been fed corn oil (CO) had a higher rate of oxygen uptake, showed higher respiratory control ratios, higher ADP/0 ratios and a higher rate of ATP synthesis than the heart mitochondria isolated from those fed rapeseed oil or hydrogenated fats. The oxygen uptake rates of the rat heart mitochondria isolated from each dietary group of rats was in order: oleyl carnitine ≫ erucyl carnitine > elaidyl carnitine. The decreased capacity to oxidize substrate by heart mitochondria which had been isolated from the hearts of rats fed rapeseed or hydrogenated soybean oil as compared with those fed corn oil as a sole source of dietary fat seemed related to the mitochondria lipid composition. The type of dietary fat fed had a pronounced influence on the mitochondrial fatty acid compositions of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin. The lipase activity of the RSO‐fed group did not show any increment with either epinephrine or supplemental ATP treatment. The substrate preference for lipase activity in myocardium was corn oil‐triglycerides > trierucin > trielaidin > tripalmitin. However, cardiac lipid accumulation did not seem related to lipase activity in the myocardium.
Effect of dietary lipids on fatty acid composition of body lipid in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
Authors: Yu T. C. , Sinnhuber R. O. , Putnam G. B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThree isocaloric diets were prepared. Diet 1 (Control) contained 22% herring oil. In diets 2 and 3, a third and a half of the herring oil was replaced, respectively, by an animal fat (lard) which contained a high percentage of saturated fatty acids. Each diet was fed to duplicate groups of rainbow trout for 14 wk. The results of the feeding trial indicated that the concentration of the saturated fatty acids in trout body lipid did not increase despite the high concentration of these fatty acids in Diets 2 and 3. Fish growth, feed efficiency, mortality and the level of fatty acid deposited in fish body lipid and phospholipids are discussed.
Age‐strain interrelations in lipid metabolism of rats
Authors: Story Jon A. , Gomolinski Eva , Czarnecki Susanne K. , Tepper Shirley A. , Kritchevsky David 
Published: December 2006

AbstractVarious aspects of lipid metabolism were compared in Fisher 344 (F) and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats aged 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The analyses included free and total cholesterol of serum and liver, LCAT, hepatic HMG‐CoA reductase, cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase, fatty acid synthetase, acetyl CoA carboxylase and cholesterol synthesis from acetate or mevalonate. The body weight of SD rats increases with age whereas that of F rats plateaus at 9–12 months. Liver and aorta cholesterol levels were comparable for the 2 strains. Serum cholesterol varied but was usually lower in F rats. HMG‐CoA reductase and cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase activities were not significantly different. Cholesterol synthesis from acetate was significantly higher only in 2‐month‐old F rats; synthesis from mevalonate was similar at each level. Acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase activity were generally higher in F rats at every age level. The major difference between F and SD rats is in their pattern of weight gain with age. Differences in lipid metabolism are most marked between the young (2‐month) rats.
Diet and high density lipoproteins
Authors: Oster P. , Schlierf G. , Heuck C. C. , Hahn S. , Szymanski H. , Schellenberg B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe acute and subacute effects of different diets on serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and/or HDL composition are described. In obese normolipemic, hypercholesterolemic (type II) and hypertriglyceridemic (type IV) patients, low HDL cholesterol values remained low during total starvation for 2 weeks. Prudent diets in patients with type II and IV hyperlipoproteinemia had no significant effects on HDL cholesterol within 3 weeks, whereas in normal individuals, a high carbohydrate diet given for 10 days caused significant decreases in HDL cholesterol with concomitant increases in HDL triglycerides as compared to a high‐fat diet. The HDL triglyceride fatty acid composition changed in healthy volunteers during the day, depending on the type of ingested fat. The data demonstrate the possibility of acute manipulations of HDL in normal patients and the difficulties of normalizing low HDL cholesterol levels in patients by dietary means. Additional information on the function of HDL is desirable before the therapeutic manipulation of HDL cholesterol or other constituents of HDL can be evaluated regarding their effectiveness in the prevention of ischemic vascular disease.
Incorporation ofcis‐octadecenoic acids into the rat liver mitochondrial membrane phospholipids and adipose tissue triglycerides
Authors: Høy C. ‐E. , Hølmer G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of the dietarycis 18∶1 (n−12) andcis 18∶1 (n−10) into liver mitochondrial membrane phospholipids and adipose tissue trigly cerides was studied in 4 groups of rats fed diets containing 10 weight percent (wt%) of fat with the following contents of octadecenoic acids: 50%cis 18∶1(n−12) +9%cis 18∶1 (n−9); 25%cis 18∶1 (n−12)+32%cis 18∶1 (n−9); 50%cis 18∶1 (n−10)+10%cis 18∶1 (n−9); or 54%cis 18∶1 (n−9). Dietary linoleic acid was 3 wt% in all 4 groups. In the mitochondrial membranes, the isomeric octadecenoic acids were primarily incorporated into the 1‐position of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines at the expense of saturated fatty acids. The maximal incorporations observed in the 1‐position of phosphatidylethanolamines were 4.8% 18∶1 (n−12) and 8.9% 18∶1 (n−10). No effects on the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids were seen. In the adipose tissue, the isomeric octadecenoic acids were incorporated at a level of 13%cis 18∶1 (n−12) or 23%cis 18∶1 (n−10), paralleled by a reduction in the content of oleic acid.
Effect of phagocytosis and lonophores on release and metabolism of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils
Authors: Walsh Christopher E. , Dechatelet Lawrence R. , Thomas Michael J. , O'Flaherty Joseph T. , Waite Moseley 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChallenge of human neutrophils prelabeled with [3H]arachidonate and [14C] palmitate or [14C]‐stearate with opsonized zymosan or the Ca2+ ionophores A23187 or Ionomycin caused the release of [3H], but not [14C], fatty acid. With the ionophores, but not zymosan, considerable conversion of the [3H] arachidonate to hydroxyeicosatetraenoates occurred. Although various isomers were recovered, the 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoate appeared to be the major product. In these experiments, no [14C] products were detected such as lysophospholipid, diglyceride or monoglyceride. Although no definitive statement can be made about the mechanism of release of arachidonate, our data are most easily interpreted as the result of the action of a phospholipase A2.
The sterols and fatty acids from purified flagella ofChlamydomonas reinhardi
Authors: Gealt Michael A. , Adler John H. , Nes William R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurified flagella of the eukaryotic algaChlamydomonas reinhardi have a sterol composition (55% ergosterol [24β‐methylcholesta‐5,7,22‐trans‐trien‐3β‐ol] and 45% 7‐dehydroporiferasterol [24β‐ethylcholesta‐5,7,22‐trans‐trien‐3β‐ol]) identical of that of the whole algal cell. Fatty acids isolated fromC. reinhardi flagella were identified as 16∶0, 18∶0, 18∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3. Whole cell fatty acids included 14∶0, 16∶2 and 16∶3 in addition to those found in the flagella. Triunsaturates comprised 22.9% of the flagellar fatty acids and 76.4% of those from the whole cell.