bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clove oil cream: a new effective treatment for chronic anal fissure
Authors: Elwakeel H. A. , Moneim H. A. , Farid M. , Gohar A. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective  Anal fissure is a common painful condition affecting the anal canal and causes considerable morbidity and reduction in quality of life. Surgical treatment has been associated with a degree of incontinence in up to 30% of patients. This study discussed the results of clove oil 1% cream in healing of chronic anal fissure.Method  A single‐blind randomized comparative trial was setup to compare traditional treatment with stool softeners and lignocaine cream 5% against clove oil 1% cream for 6 weeks.Results  55 patients were included in this study, 30 patients in clove oil group and 25 patients in control group. Healing had occurred in 60% of patients in clove oil group and in 12% of patients in the control group after 3‐month follow up (P < 0.001). Patients in clove oil group showed significant reduction in resting anal pressure and almost all other anorectal manometric pressures compared with patients in control group.Conclusion  Topical application of clove oil cream demonstrated a significant beneficial effect when applied to patients suffering from chronic anal fissure.
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil in Men with Erectile Dysfunction with a High Prevalence of Comorbid Conditions: Results from MOMENTUS: Multiple Observations in Men with Erectile Dysfunction in National Tadalafil Study in the US
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Kim Edward , Steers William D. , Pryor Jon L. , Wilde Dixon W. , Natanegara Fanni , Wong David G. , Ahuja Sanjeev 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Limited efficacy and safety data exist from open-label clinical trials of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and multiple comorbid (MCM) conditions, historically a difficult group to treat.

Aim
A multicenter study (Multiple Observations in Men with Erectile Dysfunction in National Tadalafil Study in the US) assessed efficacy and safety of tadalafil in men with ED and MCM conditions.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary end point was change from baseline in the erectile function (EF) domain of the International Index of Erectile Function. Secondary end points included the Sexual Encounter Profile, Global Assessment Questions, and Sexual Self-Confidence and Spontaneity Domains of the Psychological and Interpersonal Relationship Scales.

Methods
This was an open-label, multicenter study in men with ED. Tadalafil 20 mg was administered as needed prior to sexual activity, up to once/day, for 12 weeks following a 4-week ED-treatment-free period. The MCM group was 155 of 1,911 men enrolled in this study. Men in the MCM group met eligibility criteria but could not be included in other predefined groups: (i) Caucasian; (ii) Black American; (iii) Hispanic (groups 1–3, ≤65 years, no diabetes or depression); (iv) depression, ≤65 years, no diabetes; (v) diabetes, ≤65 years, no depression; (vi) &gt;65 years, no diabetes or depression; and (vii) ED subsequent to traumatic spinal cord injury.

Results
Mean baseline EF domain score in MCM (mean age 65 ± 9 years) was 12.2 ± 6.5; 52% of subjects had severe ED; 72% diabetes mellitus; 67% cardiovascular disease (including hypertension); 49% hyperlipidemia; 38% depression; 84% had two or more comorbidities. At end point, there was a significant (P &lt;0.001) mean change of 7.6 from baseline in mean EF domain score. Among men with severe ED, 22% achieved an EF domain score ≥26. Most common adverse events were headache 5.2%; flushing 3.9% and nasal congestion 3.2%; 3% discontinued use because of an adverse event.

Conclusion
In this open-label clinical trial of older men with ED and MCMs, tadalafil 20 mg significantly increased all efficacy end points and was well-tolerated.
DETECTION OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN POWDERED MILK BY VIDAS LMO 2 – COLLABORATIVE STUDY
Authors: ROLA JOLANTA G. , KORPYSA‐DZIRBA WERONIKA , WOJTOŃ BOLESŁAW 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT A multilaboratory study was conducted in March 2005 to evaluate VIDAS Listeria monocytogenes II (LMO 2) immunoassay method for the detection of L. monocytogenes in milk products and to assess the ability of the laboratories to detect L. monocytogenes according to this method. Fourteen laboratories, representing government and industry, participated in this trial including the organizer – National Veterinary Research Institute – State Research Institute, Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin. Each laboratory tested eight samples – three samples in blind duplicates containing L. monocytogenes on three levels of contamination and two uninoculated control samples. The participants have analyzed the samples with a mini‐VIDAS device that uses enzyme‐linked fluorescent assay technique. Twelve laboratories have obtained correct results in each analyzed sample. One laboratory obtained 50% accordance in medium level contaminated samples and one laboratory obtained 50% accordance in uninoculated control sample. All participants obtained 100% accuracy in samples contaminated with low and high levels of L. monocytogenes.
Human Cytomegalovirus UL38 Protein Blocks Apoptosis
Authors: Terhune Scott , Torigoi Emi , Moorman Nathaniel , Silva Maria , Qian Zhikang , Shenk Thomas , Yu Dong 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Apoptosis is an innate cellular defense response to viral infection. The slow-replicating human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) blocks premature death of host cells prior to completion of the infection cycle. In this study, we report that the HCMV UL38 gene encodes a cell death inhibitory protein. A mutant virus lacking the pUL38 coding sequence, AD
dl
UL38, grew poorly in human fibroblasts, failed to accumulate viral DNA to wild-type levels, and induced excessive death of infected cells. Cells expressing pUL38 were resistant to cell death upon infection and effectively supported the growth of AD
dl
UL38. Cells infected with the pUL38-deficient virus showed morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, vesicle release, and chromatin condensation and fragmentation. The proteolytic cleavage of two key enzymes involved in apoptosis, namely, caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, was activated upon AD
dl
UL38 infection, and the cleavage was blocked in cells expressing pUL38. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK largely restored the growth of AD
dl
UL38 in normal fibroblasts, indicating that the defective growth of the mutant virus mainly resulted from premature death of host cells. Furthermore, cells expressing pUL38 were resistant to cell death induced by a mutant adenovirus lacking the antiapoptotic E1B-19K protein or by thapsigargin, which disrupts calcium homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, these results indicate that the HCMV protein pUL38 suppresses apoptosis, blocking premature death of host cells to facilitate efficient virus replication.
Evolution of CXCR4-Using Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 SF162 Is Associated with Two Unique Envelope Mutations
Authors: Kiselyeva Yana , Nedellec Rebecca , Ramos Alejandra , Pastore Cristina , Margolis Leonid B. , Mosier Donald E. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT
CCR5-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates typically gain CXCR4 use via multiple mutations in V3 and often V1/V2 regions of envelope, and patterns of mutations are distinct for each isolate. Here, we report that multiple CXCR4-using variants of a parental CCR5-using HIV-1 isolate, SF162, obtained by either target cell selection or CCR5 inhibition have a common mutation pattern characterized by the same two V3 mutations and that these mutations preexisted in some of the SF162 stocks. These results imply that SF162 has a single pathway for acquiring CXCR4 use and that prolonged culture is sufficient to select for R5X4 variants.
Comparisons of the Millimeter and Submillimeter Bands for Atmospheric Temperature and Water Vapor Soundings for Clear and Cloudy Skies
Authors: Prigent Catherine , Pardo Juan R. , Rossow William B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGeostationary satellites provide revisiting times that are desirable for nowcasting and observations of severe weather. To overcome the problem of spatial resolution from a geostationary orbit, millimeter to submillimeter wave sounders have been suggested. This study compares the capabilities of various oxygen and water vapor millimeter and submillimeter bands for temperature and water vapor atmospheric profiling at nadir in cloudy situations. It shows the impact of different cloud types on the received signal for the different frequency bands. High frequencies are very sensitive to the cloud ice phase, with potential applications to cirrus characterization.
Magnetic characterization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles pulled through model membranes
Authors: Barnes Allison L , Wassel Ronald A , Mondalek Fadee , Chen Kejian , Dormer Kenneth J , Kopke Richard D 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
To quantitatively compare in-vitro and in vivo membrane transport studies of targeted delivery, one needs characterization of the magnetically-induced mobility of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). Flux densities, gradients, and nanoparticle properties were measured in order to quantify the magnetic force on the SPION in both an artificial cochlear round window membrane (RWM) model and the guinea pig RWM.

Methods
Three-dimensional maps were created for flux density and magnetic gradient produced by a 24-well casing of 4.1 kilo-Gauss neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) disc magnets. The casing was used to pull SPION through a three-layer cell culture RWM model. Similar maps were created for a 4 inch (10.16 cm) cube 48 MGOe NdFeB magnet used to pull polymeric-nanoparticles through the RWM of anesthetized guinea pigs. Other parameters needed to compute magnetic force were nanoparticle and polymer properties, including average radius, density, magnetic susceptibility, and volume fraction of magnetite.

Results
A minimum force of 5.04 × 10-16 N was determined to adequately pull nanoparticles through the in-vitro model. For the guinea pig RWM, the magnetic force on the polymeric nanoparticles was 9.69 × 10-20 N. Electron microscopy confirmed the movement of the particles through both RWM models.

Conclusion
As prospective carriers of therapeutic substances, polymers containing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were succesfully pulled through the live RWM. The force required to achieve in vivo transport was significantly lower than that required to pull nanoparticles through the in-vitro RWM model. Indeed very little force was required to accomplish measurable delivery of polymeric-SPION composite nanoparticles across the RWM, suggesting that therapeutic delivery to the inner ear by SPION is feasible.
From ether theory to ether theology: Oliver Lodge and the physics of immortality
Authors: Raia Courtenay Grean 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article follows the development of physicist Oliver Lodge's religio‐scientific worldview, beginning with his reticent attraction to metaphysics in the early 1880s to the full formulation of his “ether theology” in the late 1890s. Lodge undertook the study of psychical phenomena such as telepathy, telekinesis, and “ectoplasm” to further his scientific investigations of the ether, speculating that electrical and psychical manifestations were linked phenomena that described the deeper underlying structures of the universe, beneath and beyond matter. For Lodge, to fully understand the ether was to force from the universe an ultimate Revelation, and psychical research—as the most modern and probatory science—was poised to replace religion as the means of that disclosure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lipid composition of cultured B16 melanoma cell variants with different lung‐colonizing potential
Authors: Calorini L. , Fallani A. , Tombaccini D. , Mugnai G. , Ruggieri S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLipid components influence several cell surface properties that are critical in different stages of the metastatic process. In this study, we examined whether the different lung‐colonizing potential of B16‐F1 and B16‐F10 melanoma cells could be related to a characteristic lipid profile. The lipid analyses, carried out on the same cell cultures used for the assay of lung‐colonizing potential, revealed characteristics in the lipid composition of both B16‐F1 and B16‐F10 melanoma cells that are common to other systems of malignant cells: a high level of 18∶1 associated with low proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids, accumulation of ether‐linked lipids and absence of complex gangliosides. The two B16 melanoma variants differed significantly only with respect to ether‐linked lipids, due to a higher level of alkyl‐PC in B16‐F10 than in B16‐F1.
Gas chromatographic separation of wax esters based on the degree of unsaturation
Authors: Takagi Toru , Itabashi Yutaka , Ota Toru , Hayashi Kenji 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe wax esters of sperm whale head oil have been characterized by gas‐liquid chromatography on an APOLAR 10C column according to their carbon number and number of double bonds. The novel technique permits the direct quantitative analysis of saturated and unsaturated wax esters.
Phospholipid content and fatty acid composition of human heart
Authors: Rocquelin G. , Guenot L. , Astorg P. O. , David M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPhospholipid content and fatty acid composition of human heart were determined on 36 biopsy specimens collected during open heart surgery. The main phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and sphingomyelin (SPH) were separated by HPLC, quantified, and converted to fatty acid methyl esters which were chromatographed on capillary GLC columns. Sex and age (mainly 40–70) of patients had no significant influence on the relative distribution of phospholipid classes and only a slight effect on fatty acid composition. Incorporation oftrans 18∶1 in phospholipid classes was low.cis andtrans octadecenoic isomers seemed to be selectively incorporated, the Δ9 and Δ11cis ortrans isomers being predominant. Human and rat data were compared, and some species differences were noticed. In human PC, palmitic acid is higher and stearic acid much lower than in rat PC. Saturated dimethyl acetals (16∶0 and 18∶0) in PC and PE were greater for humans. Incorporation of 20∶4 n−6 in human PE is higher than in rat PE.
Tritium labeling of lipids
Authors: Mounts T. L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe elucidation of metabolic pathways, chemical reactions and biosyntheses has been greatly enhanced by the use of radioisotopes. Tritium has become an important tool in lipid research. Lipids have been labeled with tritium by a variety of techniques, including chemical synthesis, catalytic reductions, exchange reactions and radiation‐induced reactions. Specific examples of labeling procedures are presented. Recent developments in tritium analysis instrumentation and procedures are also presented. Current applications of tritium as a tracer are in biological investigations and catalytic hydrogenation of lipids.
Observations on changes in lipid composition and lecithin‐cholesterol‐acyl transferase reaction of bovine plasma induced by heat exposure
Authors: Noble R. C. , O'Kelly J. C. , Moore J. H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA study has been made with steers maintained at 22 C and 35 C on the lipid composition of the plasma, with particular reference to the role and specificity of the lecithin‐cholesterol‐acyl transferase enzyme in the formation of the cholesteryl esters. Exposure to a temperature of 35 C produced a steady decline in the total lipid concentration of the plasma, which reached a new equilibrium after 7–8 days. The concentrations of the lecithin, free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester fractions in the plasma of the steers at 35 C were reduced to ca. 60% of the corresponding concentrations found in the animals maintained at 22 C. The concentration of 18∶2 circulating in both the cholesteryl ester and lecithin fractions was reduced particularly by exposure to the elevated temperature. No significant change in total blood volume could be detected in the animals between the two environmental temperatures. Incubation of the plasma at 38 C for 20 hr resulted in an increase in the concentrations of the fatty acids contained in the cholesteryl ester and lysolecithin fractions and a decrease in the concentration of the fatty acids contained in the lecithin fraction for the animals at both environmental temperatures. The net esterification of cholesterol by the acyl transferase enzyme in the plasma from the animals at 35 C was very much less than that found in the plasma from the animals at 22 C. Under the conditions of the experiment, the esterification process was shown to have a high specificity for 18∶2. Evidence is available to suggest that the relationship between the acyl transferase activity of the plasma and the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the circulatory lipids may be severely disturbed by high environment temperatures. These results are discussed in relation to several known metabolic effects observed in animals exposed to high environmental temperatures.
Glycerol thioethers in human heart
Authors: Ferrell William J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGlycerol thioethers have been isolated from the nonpolar (neutral) lipids of several human hearts. The qualitative distribution of these thioethers was determined by gas liquid chromatography. The principal compounds found were the 16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶1 ether chains.
Radiochemical Decomposition of lactosyl‐6‐[3H]‐ceramide
Authors: Mumford Richard A. , Raghavan Srinivasa S. , Rhoads David B. , Kanfer Julian N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGalactosyl‐6‐[3H] glucosyl ceramide was prepared by the sequential action of galactose oxidase and sodium borohydride‐[3H] reduction. A water‐soluble radioactive contaiminant appeared after a 2 month storage at −4 C. This was identified as lactose‐[3H] by both chromatographic and carrier dilution techniques.
Filamentous Fungi in a Tertiary Care Hospital Environmental Surveillance and Susceptibility to Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Panagopoulou Paraskevi , Filioti Joanna , Farmaki Evangelia , Maloukou Avgi , Roilides Emmanuel 
Published: January 2007

Objective.To evaluate filamentous fungi with respect to environmental load and potential drug resistance in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Design.Monthly survey in 2 buildings of the hospital during a 12-month period.Setting.Hippokration Hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece.Methods.Air, surface, and tap water sampling was performed in 4 departments with high-risk patients. As sampling sites, the solid-organ transplantation department and the hematology department (in the older building) and the pediatric oncology department and the pediatric intensive care unit (in the newer building) were selected.Results.From January to May of 2000, the fungal load in air (FLA) was low, ranging from 0 to 12 colony-forming units (cfu) per m3 in both buildings. During the summer months, when high temperature and humidity predominate, the FLA increased to 4-56 cfu/m3. The fungi commonly recovered from culture of air specimens wereAspergillus niger(25.9%),Aspergillus flavus(17.7%), andAspergillus fumigatus(12.4%). Non-Aspergillusfilamentous fungi, such asZygomycetesandDematiaceousspecies, were also recovered. The pediatric intensive care unit had the lowest mean FLA (7.7 cfu/m3), compared with the pediatric oncology department (8.7 cfu/m3), the solid-organ transplantation department (16.1 cfu/m3), and the hematology department (22.6 cfu/m3). Environmental surfaces were swabbed, and 62.7% of the swab samples cultured yielded filamentous fungi similar to the fungi recovered from air but with low numbers of colony-forming units. Despite vigorous sampling, culture of tap water yielded no fungi. The increase in FLA observed during the summer coincided with renovation in the building that housed the solid-organ transplantation and hematology departments. All 54Aspergillusair isolates randomly selected exhibited relatively low minimum inhibitory or effective concentrations for amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, micafungin, and anidulafungin.Conclusion.Air and surface fungal loads may vary in different departments of the same hospital, especially during months when the temperature and humidity are high. EnvironmentalAspergillusisolates are characterized by lack of resistance to clinically important antifungal agents.
Autologous Fat Graft Absorption in Unilateral Paralyzed Canine Vocal Folds
Authors: de Souza Kruschewsky Leonardo , de Mello‐Filho Francisco Verissimo , dos Santos Antonio Carlos , Rosen Clark Alan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective. The objective of this experimental prospective study on an animal model was to determine the rate of autologous fat graft absorption in 24 paralyzed canine left vocal folds 12 weeks after introduction.Methods. Forty mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 15 to 20 kg were divided into three study groups (SGs) of eight dogs each whose larynges were grafted by vocal fold lipoinjection (VFL‐SGA), vocal fold lipoinjection plus insulin (VFLi‐SGB), and by fat graft medialization laryngoplasty (FGML‐SGC) and observed for 12 weeks. Two control groups (CGs) of eight dogs each were submitted to fat graft medialization laryngoplasty (FGML‐CG1) and by vocal fold lipoinjection (VFL‐CG2), respectively, followed by immediate killing. All 40 dogs were submitted to left vagal and recurrent laryngeal nerve resection. All animals were confirmed to have a left vocal fold paralysis 4 weeks later when 2 mL of autologous fat graft was placed inside the left paraglottic space. The larynges were removed at preestablished times and studied for remaining fat graft volume by magnetic resonance imaging.Results. The mean volume obtained by imaging were 1.9388 mL for CG1, 1.0476 mL for CG2, 0.1924 mL for VFL, 0.336 mL for VFLi, and 0.565 mL for FGML. CG1 and CG2 did not differ significantly from one another but differed from the SGs, with statistical analysis suggesting a lower absorption of the fat graft in FGML.Conclusion. The absorption rate was 82% in SGA, 68% in the SGB, and 71% in SGC.