bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of piecemeal necrosis on the compensatory increase of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes of the tumour‐bearing liver: Clinical study of 53 surgical cases
Authors: MAKI ATSUHIKO , SAKAI YOSHIHARU , TANAKA AKIRA , YAMAOKA YOSHIO , OZAWA KAZUE , KAGE MASAYOSHI , KOJIRO MASAMICHI 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe relationships between histological findings, adaptively increased cytochrome a(+a3) levels in chronic liver disease and complications after hepatectomy were studied in order to clarify the mechanism of mitochondrial derangement. The liver specimens of 53 hepatectomized patients were randomly evaluated by three independent hepatopathologists and were compared with cytochrome a(+a3) levels in the biopsied liver, the extent of operation and postoperative complications.The cytochrome a(+a3) concentrations did not show any significant difference between cases of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis nor groups classified by regeneration. Severity of piecemeal necrosis was categorized into three groups: group A—minimal (n= 20); group B—moderate (n= 19); and group C—severe (n= 14). There were significant differences (P < 0.01) in cytochrome a(+a3) concentrations between the groups (A: 99 ± 9; B: 135 ± 6; C: 155 ± 10 pmol/mg of mitochondrial protein). Extensive hepatectomy, involving segmentectomy or more, was frequently complicated (four of nine, 44.4%) in group C, whereas there were few complications (two of 16, 12.5%) in group A cases in which extensive hepatectomy was performed.Evidence will be presented which will show that deranged liver function, as indicated by cytochrome a(+a3) levels, is closely correlated with piecemeal necrosis. This may be attributed to the damage of periportal hepatocytes which are the main sites of oxidative phosphorylation.
Induction and clinical utilization of lymphokine‐activated killer cells in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancers
Authors: TSUGITA MASASHI , YAMAUCHI KATSUMI , KOMATSU TATSUJI , SUZUKI HIROYOSHI , HANYU FUJIO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract In 18 patients with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell activity was studied and compared with that of healthy subjects. After cultivation with 103 iu/mL of recombinant interleukin‐2, the cytotoxicity of patients' lymphoid cells was increased from 13.6 ±6.8% to 76.2 ±19.5% against Daudi cells and from 12.8 ±8.1% to 76.2 ±19.5% against K‐562 cells.Based on these results, autologous LAK cells were given to patients. LAK cells injected into subdermal metastatic tumours demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on tumour growth in comparison with that of control tumour nodules. Of four patients with metastatic tumours in the liver, to whom LAK cells were administered via the hepatic artery, tumour size was reduced by about 25% (minor response) in one patient, with a decrease of computerized tomography attenuation in the tumours occurring in the other three patients.
Growing cavernous haemangioma of the liver: 11‐fold increase in volume in a decade
Authors: YOSHIDA JUNICHI , YAMASAKI SUSUMU , YAMAMOTO JUNJI , KOSUGE TOMOO , TAKAYAMA TADATOSHI , HASEGAWA HIROSHI , TAKAYASU KENICHI , MURAMATSU YUKIO , MORIYAMA NORIYUKI , HIROHASHI SETSUO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 57 year old Japanese male was incidentally found to have a 7.5 cm diameter hepatic haemangioma. Eleven years later he was operated on because the haemangioma had grown into a 17 cm mass causing upper abdominal fullness. Volumetry on computerized tomograms disclosed that the haemangioma had grown from 123 cm3 to 1343 cm3 in volume. Quantitative documentation on growing hepatic haemangioma has been rare.
Assessment of serum and bile levels of CA19‐9 and CA125 in cholangitis and bile duct carcinoma
Authors: KER CHEN‐GUO , CHEN JONG‐SHYONG , LEE KING‐TEH , SHEEN PAI‐CHING , WU CHUNG‐CHIENG 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn this study, CA19‐9 and CA125 in serum and bile were measured to evaluate their diagnostic value in cholangitis and bile duct carcinoma. Patients were classified into three groups: group A, the control group, had cholelithiasis without infection (n= 23), group B had acute cholangitis (n= 25) and group C had bile duct carcinoma without bacterial infection (n= 18). All patients had undergone surgery, and bile and serum of the patients were measured for the two tumour markers by radio‐immunoassay. The positivity rate for serum CA19‐9 was 4.4% in the control group, 28.0% in group B and 61.1% in group C. The positivity rates for serum CA125 in groups control, B and C were 0%, 4% and 27.78% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy for bile duct carcinoma was 67.4% for both CA19‐9 or CA125. The concentration of CA19‐9 in bile was more than 1200 ng/mL in 72% of patients with acute cholangitis, in 61.1% of all patients with bile duct carcinoma and 0% in the control group. The frequency of concentrations of CA125 in bile greater than 200 ng/mL was 38.89% in bile duct carcinoma and none was observed in the control or acute cholangitis groups. In conclusion, the concentration of CA19‐9 was increased not only by the tumour itself, but also by infection. In the diagnosis of bile duct carcinomas, the sensitivity of CA125 was low but its specificity was very high.
Fatal amoebic liver abscess: An autopsy study
Authors: AHMAD MANZOOR , KHAN AMIR H. , MUBARIK AZHAR 
Published: March 2008

Abstract An autopsy study of 20 cases is presented. The mean age was 32 years (range: 14–45). Four cases (20%) presented with jaundice. Another four (20%) had continuous fever with abdominal pain. Six had loose motions with blood and mucus in the stools. The mean duration of illness was 7.2 days. All cases were thin and emaciated. Liver was grossly enlarged (mean weight: 2680 g). The abscess was single in all cases except one. The right lobe was involved in 15 cases, the left in four and both in one. The average size of abscess was 13 cm. The abscess had ruptured in the abdomen in 3 patients, for which laparotomy was performed. Pulmonary involvement was seen in 3 cases. Colon showed ulceration in half the patients. In 2 cases performation was also present. No cerebral involvement was present.A number of interesting features emerged from this study. Although amoebic liver abscess is a common disease, its diagnosis can be missed due to unusual presentation. In the present study, diagnosis of viral hepatitis, carcinoma lung, bacillary dysentery and enteric fever with perforation were made, which probably contributed materially to fatal outcome.
Hypotension and endoscopic stigmata of recent haemorrhage in bleeding peptic ulcer: Risk models for rebleeding and mortality
Authors: BRANICKI F. J. , COLEMAN S. Y. , LAM T. C. F. , SCHROEDER D. , TUEN H. H. , CHEUNG W. L. , PRITCHETT C. J. , LAU P. W. K. , LAM S. K. , HUI W. M. , LAM D. K. H. , TSE M. C. K. , WONG J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTClinical and endoscopic data were collected prospectively in 1050 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer admitted between September 1985 and July 1989 to the care of one surgical team. Seventy‐nine patients underwent therapeutic endoscopy soon after admission and in 129 patients either immediate or early elective surgery was performed. Eight hundred and forty‐two patients, in whom therapeutic endoscopy was not performed at any stage, underwent initial conservative management and data from this latter group are now presented.Shock on admission was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≤ 100 mmHg on presentation. There were 10 deaths of 147 shocked patients (6.8%) compared with only 25 deaths of 695 patients (3.6%) not in shock (P<0.08). Bleeding recurred in 30 patients (20.4%) shocked on presentation but in only 96 (13.8%) with a BP > 100 mmHg (P<0.05). Twenty‐one of 358 patients (5.9%) with endoscopic stigmata of recent haemorrhage (ESRH) died, but only 14 of 484 patients (2.9%) without such stigmata (P<0.05) died. In shocked patients rebleeding was evident in 21 of 73 (28.8%) cases with ESRH but in only 9 of 74 (12.2%) patients in whom ESRH were absent (P<0.02). In the absence of fresh blood at endoscopy rebleeding occurred in 22 of 124 (17.8%) shocked patients and only 74 of 629 (11.8%) of those not shocked on presentation (P<0.07).When ulcer size was documented rebleeding rates for ulcers ≤ 1 cm, ≤ 2 cm and > 2 cm in size were 54 of 485 (11.1%), 30 of 142 (21.2%) and 12 of 44 (27.3%) respectively. In shocked patients rebleeding occurred in 7 of 73 (9.6%) patients with an ulcer > 1 cm in size but in 17 of 44 (38.6%) patients in whom ulcer size was > 1 cm (P<0.001). When admission BP was > 100 mmHg corresponding rebleeding rates for ulcers ≤ 1 cm and > 1 cm size were 47 of 412 (11.4%) and 25 of 142 (17.6%) (P<0.06). Shock, large ulcer size and ESRH were each related to rebleeding, the highest rebleeding rates being seen with a combination of shock and ulcer size > 1 cm or ESRH.
A comparison of diagnostic tests to determine Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: LIN S. K. , LAMBERT J. R. , SCHEMBRI M. , NICHOLSON L. , FINLAY M. , WONG C. , COULEPIS A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwenty‐five Helicobacter pylori positive and 25 H. pylori negative subjects as defined by culture and phase contrast microscopy of antral biopsy specimens obtained from routine upper endoscopy were studied. Antral biopsies were examined by rapid urease test, phase contrast microscopy, culture and histology. Venous blood was tested for H. pylori specific IgG antibodies by an ELISA technique. Within 7 days of endoscopy the patients also had a [14C]‐urea breath test. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid urease test was 92%, the breath test 96% and 100%, histopathology 96% and 91% and serology 96% and 88%, respectively. The [14C]‐urea breath test performed over 1 h with sampling of subjects at 0, 0.5 and 1 h was an accurate and reliable method. Results expressed as counts per minute of the expired 14CO2 proved to be a simple method of assessing H. pylori status. A significant correlation between severity of histological antral gastritis and the amount of 14CO2 expired was observed. This study has shown that the non‐invasive 14C‐urea breath test and serology are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
Liver, lipoproteins and disease: I. Biochemistry of lipoprotein metabolism
Authors: KROON PAULUS A. , POWELL ELIZABETH E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCholesterol is a structural component of biological membranes and an immediate precursor for steroid hormones and bile acids. The liver is central to the production and removal of cholesterol‐rich lipoproteins and bile acids.The basic biochemical aspects of hepatic lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism and how abnormalities in liver function impair these metabolic pathways are reviewed.
Ascending infection of the biliary tract after surgical sphincterotomy and biliary stenting
Authors: SUNG J. Y. , LEUNG J. W. C. , SHAFFER E. A. , LAM K. , OLSON M. E. , COSTERTON J. W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIt has been widely accepted that there is an ascending route of bacterial infection of the biliary tract but there is a lack of direct evidence. This hypothesis was tested in an animal experiment using the cat as an animal model. The implantation of biliary stents and surgical sphincterotomy were performed in these animals, with sham controls. Stents bypassing the sphincter of Oddi with the tip in the duodenal lumen were colonized by duodenal micro‐organisms and the biliary tract was heavily contaminated. Blockage of these stents resulted in biliary obstruction. Stents implanted within the common bile duct, proximal to the sphincter were largely unaffected by biofilm formation. After surgical sphincterotomy the biliary tract was also contaminated but, in the absence of obstruction, the animals did not develop any symptoms. It was concluded that ascending infection by duodenal biliary reflux, via the sphincter of Oddi, is an important route of infection in the biliary system.
Effect of drinking on the outcome of cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis B or C
Authors: SHIOMI SUSUMU , KUROKI TETSUO , MINAMITANI SHIN , UEDA TADASHI , NISHIGUCHI SHUHEI , NAKAJIMA SHINYA , SEKI SHUICHI , KOBAYASHI KENZO , HARIHARA SHIGEYOSHI 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSurvival rates were calculated for 251 patients with cirrhosis of the liver but without hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis, or autoimmune cirrhosis who underwent laparoscopy during the past 21 years at the authors’ hospital. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Stored serum was assayed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had significantly better survival rates than patients with HBsAg, HCV, or both. Differences in survival rates between patients with hepatitis B and C were insignificant. In both groups, habitual drinkers had a significantly lower survival rate. The results suggested that alcohol accelerates liver damage in subjects with viral hepatitis.
Responses to cholecystokinin octapeptide in patients with functional abdominal pain syndromes
Authors: ROBERTS‐THOMSON IAN C. , FETTMAN MARTIN J. , JONSSON JULIE R. , FREWIN DEREK B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTClues to the pathogenesis of functional pain syndromes may be derived from the study of stimuli that precipitate or aggravate symptoms. In this study, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK‐8, 0.06 μ/kg) and placebo were given by intravenous infusion (5 min) in random order to control subjects and four groups of patients with unexplained abdominal pain. Induction of pain and nausea were assessed by linear analogue scales while sympathoadrenomedullary responses were assessed by serial changes in plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine. Scores for pain and nausea were low after infusion of placebo. After infusion of CCK‐8, pain scores were significantly higher in patients with spontaneous pain than in control subjects, but significant increases in nausea were restricted to patients with irritable bowel syndrome and a subgroup of patients with pain after cholecystectomy. Although some groups showed increases in plasma concentrations of catecholamines after the infusion of CCK‐8, the size of these increases was neither consistent among patients within each group nor predictive of scores of pain and nausea in individual subjects. Pain during the infusion of CCK‐8 was a feature common to patients with diverse functional pain syndromes, and did not appear to be attributable to activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Gastric carcinoma in young Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: CHEUNG A. N. Y. , KHOO U. S. , NG I. O. L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTGastric carcinomas usually occur in older people. Those occurring in the young are uncommon. The pathological and clinical features of gastric carcinomas were reviewed in 42 Chinese patients who were 35 years of age and younger. The data were obtained from the record files of the University Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital for the period 1976–85. The patients comprised 4% of the total cases of gastric carcinomas in that period. These patients (age range: 20–35 years, mean: 30 years) showed a male to female ratio of 1: 2.5 which differs from the usual male preponderance seen in gastric carcinoma. Among the 27 cases with known staging, 22 (81.5%) were stage III or IV. Twenty‐five cases had an ulcerative appearance. All were adenocarcinomas and the majority (83.3%) were poorly differentiated. Associated dysplasia was found in 35 (83.3%) cases, although only 14 of these were in association with poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Intestinal metaplasia was found in 13 cases and, when present, involved less than 30% of the mucosa. Only two cases were of type III metaplasia. The findings show that gastric carcinoma in young Chinese tended to occur more frequently in females, presented at late stages, showed poor glandular differentiation, was frequently associated with gastric dysplasia and had minimal association with intestinal metaplasia.
Fluoride as a possible aetiological factor in non‐ulcer dyspepsia
Authors: GUPTA I. P. , DAS T. K. , SUSHEELA A. K. , DASARATHY S. , TANDON R. K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA prospective case controlled study was conducted to evaluate the role of fluoride as a possible aetiological factor for non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). Twenty patients with NUD and 10 age and sex matched healthy controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsies from the gastric antrum and duodenum. The antral and duodenal mucosa was subjected to a rapid urease test for Helicobacter pylori and histological and electron microscopic examinations. Fluoride levels in the drinking water, serum and urine were estimated using a ION 85 ionanalyser. These levels were significantly higher in patients with NUD than in controls (P < 0.05). Histological abnormalities in the antral and duodenal mucosa were seen in 14 patients (70%) with NUD and 1 control subject (10%) (P < 0.05). Electron microscopic abnormalities in the mucosal cells were seen in all patients with NUD but in none of the controls (P < 0.01). The fluoride levels in serum and urine correlated with the symptoms, histological and electron microscopic abnormalities (P < 0.05). It was concluded that chronic exposure to fluoride may result in NUD and should be considered in patients where other known causes of dyspepsia have been excluded.
Striking variability of hepatic copper levels in fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: MCDONALD J. A. , SNITCH P. , PAINTER D. , HENSLEY W. , GALLAGHER N. D. , MCCAUGHAN G. W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of acute hepatic failure are reported in which the diagnosis of Wilson's disease was considered because of low serum ceruloplasmin, low serum copper levels and high 24 h urinary copper. Case 1 had Kayser‐Fleischer rings, haemolysis and a high 24 h urinary copper, and so Wilson's disease was confidently diagnosed. Case 2 had high urinary copper excretion, but [64Cu] study indicated a 24: 2 h ratio of 0.7 and made the diagnosis of Wilson's disease uncertain. Both patients underwent orthotopic hepatic transplantation, and multiple biopsies were taken from the resected specimen in order to estimate hepatic copper levels. In both cases, hepatic copper levels revealed considerable variation: 0.8–5.2 μmol/g dry wt (case 1) vs 0.02–12.65 μmol/g dry wt (case 2). In case 1, only two of 14 levels were within the diagnostic range for Wilson's disease (> 4 μmol/g dry wt), whereas hepatic copper levels in case 2 were in the Wilsonian disease range in three of 16 specimens. These results were in contrast to uniformly high hepatic copper levels in one patient with established cirrhosis secondary to Wilson's disease and two cases of primary biliary cirrhosis. This report indicates that hepatic copper levels vary greatly in acute liver failure, and that estimates from a single biopsy specimen may be misleading as to the cause of the underlying liver disease.
Field evaluation of a rapid, simple and inexpensive urease test for the detection of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: KATELARIS P. H. , LOWE D. G. , NORBU P. , FARTHING M. J. G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA modified rapid urease test (MRU test) for the detection of Helicobacter pylori was evaluated under field conditions during an endoscopic survey in rural India and compared with a commercially available urease test (CLO test) and with histology. Of 195 consecutive subjects who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 153 (78.5%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori when tested by the CLO test and/or histology. The sensitivity and specificity of the MRU test relative to this was 97.4 and 95.2%, respectively when the test was read over a 3 h period. The MRU test was positive in 77.4, 89.0, 93.8 and 96.6% of cases at 1, 5, 20 and 60 min, respectively, compared with 2.7, 14.4, 48.6 and 71.2% of cases for the CLO test at the same time.The accuracy of the MRU test was thus similar to that of other methods for the detection of Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, it gave a positive diagnosis more rapidly than other tests, in most cases before the subject had left the endoscopy suite. The MRU test is extremely simple to prepare and read and costs less than £0.05 per test compared with £2.26 for a CLO test. It is suitable for use in clinical or epidemiological work and especially where cost factors are critical.
Adaptation of rat gastric mucosa to repeated doses of non‐salicylate non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs
Authors: SKELJO M. V. , GIRAUD A. S. , YEOMANS N. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTo determine whether gastric mucosal adaptation occurs to the damaging effects of repeated non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration, we compared the extent of gastric damage in rats after single or repeated doses of four non‐salicylate NSAID. With daily dosing, adaptation occurred only to repeated doses of the short‐acting NSAID ibuprofen and diclofenac but not to indomethacin and naproxen, both of which have considerably longer half‐lives. Adaptation to indomethacin was demonstrable if the dosage interval was lengthened and the drug was given on alternate days rather than daily. Histological examination of the gastric mucosa of diclofenac‐treated rats showed a similar degree of superficial damage in the single and repeatedly dosed groups. However there was a highly significant reduction in the amount of deeper mucosal damage in the repeatedly dosed rats. Our findings show that under certain conditions of dosage, adaptation to non‐salicylate NSAID is demonstrable. The pharmacokinetics of individual NSAID appear to be important in determining whether or not adaptation occurs. Histological examination showed that adaptation to one of the shorter acting NSAID, diclofenac, was characterized by a significant reduction in deeper mucosal damage.
The role of hepatitis B virus in the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Part I
Authors: ROBINSON WILLIAM S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) of humans and animal hepadnavirus infections in their natural hosts are strongly associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although viral integrations are found in cells of many HCC, no general viral‐specific hepatocarcinogenic mechanism for hepadnaviruses has been identified. In approximately one half of HCC in woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infected woodchucks, viral integrations near the c‐myc or N‐myc genes have been reported which result in enhanced expression of the respective gene. Such host gene‐specific insertional mutagenesis has not been found in HCC of other hepadnavirus infected hosts. Thus in humans, ground squirrels and ducks hepadnaviral integrations appear to be at different host chromosomal DNA sites in each HCC and few integrations have been found within or near any cellular gene. Other possible hepadnavirus‐specific carcinogenic mechanisms that are being investigated include transactivation of cellular gene expression by an hepadnavirus gene product (e.g. the X‐gene), and mutation of host genes by unknown hepadnavirus‐specific mechanisms. It should be noted, however, that chronic hepadnavirus infection is associated with chronic necroinflammatory liver disease with hepatocellular necrosis and regeneration (sometimes leading to cirrhosis in humans), a pathological process that is common to numerous other risk factors for HCC. This suggests the possibility that this pathological process is hepatocarcinogenic irrespective of the inciting agent and the role of hepadnavirus infection is no different from that of other risk factors in causing chronic necroinflammatory liver disease.