bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-immigration screening process and pulmonary tuberculosis among Ethiopian migrants in Israel
Authors: Mor Z. , Lerman Y. , Leventhal A. 
Published: April 2008

More than 75,000 displaced Ethiopians have moved to Israel. Tuberculosis (TB) incidence in Ethiopia is 44 times higher than in Israel (344versus8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively). The aims of the present retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the pre-immigration screening process initiated in 2001 on pulmonary TB (PTB) morbidity and to assess its cost-effectiveness.Ethiopian immigrants who were screened before departure (study group) were compared with those who were screened after arrival (comparison group).Between 1998 and 2005, 24,051 Ethiopian immigrants arrived in Israel. PTB was diagnosed in 332 (1.4%) immigrants, an incidence density of 325 patients per 100,000 person-yrs. PTB cumulative incidence was lower in the study group than in the comparison group: 711 compared with 1,746 patients per 100,000 immigrants, respectively (rate ratio 0.4). PTB was detected significantly earlier in the study group than in the comparison group: 193versus487 days after entry, respectively. Disease incidence declined significantly during the first 2 yrs following immigration. A 5-yr predictive model indicated that 98 individuals would be free of PTB, saving US$91,055 on annual treatment cost, due to screening.The pre-immigration screening process reduced pulmonary tuberculosis incidence in subsequent years following immigration. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed earlier in the screened group than in the comparison group and the process was found to be both cost-beneficial and cost-effective.
Health-related quality of life in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure
Authors: Duiverman M. L. , Wempe J. B. , Bladder G. , Kerstjens H. A. M. , Wijkstra P. J. 
Published: April 2008

The Maugeri Respiratory Failure (MRF-28) and Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI) questionnaires were recently developed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic respiratory failure, although not exclusively in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the MRF-28 and SRI are reliable and valid HRQoL questionnaires in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF).In total, 72 COPD patients with CHRF underwent pulmonary function and exercise testing, and completed the MRF-28, the SRI, the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Groningen Activity and Restriction Scale and two dyspnoea indexes.Physical domain scores of the questionnaires correlated with exercise tolerance, dyspnoea and daily activities, while psychological domains correlated strongly with anxiety and depression. Anxiety scores accounted for 51 and 56% of the total explained variance in total CRQ and SRI scores, respectively. The emphasis of the MRF-28 was restrictions in activities of daily living (52% of total variance).In conclusion, the present study showed that the Maugeri Respiratory Failure and Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaires were reliable and valid questionnaires in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. While the emphasis in the Maugeri Respiratory Failure questionnaire is on activities of daily living, the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire, like the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire, is more related to anxiety and depression.
Clinical predictors of pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis
Authors: Bourbonnais J. M. , Samavati L. 
Published: April 2008

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) adversely affects outcome in sarcoidosis and is an important predictor of mortality in these patients. Early and accurate diagnosis of this complication may improve outcome. The current authors hypothesised that integration of 6-min walk test (6MWT) as part of the evaluation leads to an earlier diagnosis of this complication.A total of 162 patients with sarcoidosis underwent 6MWT. Demographic and pulmonary function results were analysed. Patients were further assessed by echocardiography and right heart catheterisation when clinically indicated.Patients with sarcoidosis-associated PH had significantly decreased results on pulmonary function testing. They also walked shorter distances and desaturated to lower levels on 6MWT. On logistic regression analyses, significant predictors of PH were oxygen saturation <90% on 6MWT (odds ratio (OR) 12.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.66–19.73) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide <60% predicted (OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.98–24.82). Moreover, by combining the results of oxygen saturation at 6 min with those of echocardiography, the ability to correctly predict the presence of PH by right heart catheterisation was improved.Patients with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide <60% predicted and oxygen desaturation <90% on 6-min walk test have a high likelihood of pulmonary hypertension and should undergo further evaluation for the presence of this disorder.
Failure to replicate an association of SNPs in the oxidized LDL receptor gene (OLR1) with CAD
Authors: Knowles Joshua W , Assimes Themistocles L , Boerwinkle Eric , Fortmann Stephen P , Go Alan , Grove Megan L , Hlatky Mark , Iribarren Carlos , Li Jun , Myers Richard , Risch Neil , Sidney Stephen , Southwick Audrey , Volcik Kelly A , Quertermous Thomas 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
The lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor LOX-1 (encoded by OLR1) is believed to play a key role in atherogenesis and some reports suggest an association of OLR1 polymorphisms with myocardial infarction (MI). We tested whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in OLR1 are associated with clinically significant CAD in the Atherosclerotic Disease, VAscular FuNction, & Geneti C Epidemiology (ADVANCE) study.

Methods
ADVANCE is a population-based case-control study of subjects receiving care within Kaiser Permanente of Northern California including a subset of participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. We first resequenced the promoter, exonic, and splice site regions of OLR1 and then genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including a non-synonymous SNP (rs11053646, Lys167Asn) as well as an intronic SNP (rs3736232) previously associated with CAD.

Results
In 1,809 cases with clinical CAD and 1,734 controls, the minor allele of the coding SNP was nominally associated with a lower odds ratio (OR) of CAD across all ethnic groups studied (minimally adjusted OR 0.8, P = 0.007; fully adjusted OR 0.8, P = 0.01). The intronic SNP was nominally associated with an increased risk of CAD (minimally adjusted OR 1.12, p = 0.03; fully adjusted OR 1.13, P = 0.03). However, these associations were not replicated in over 13,200 individuals (including 1,470 cases) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Conclusion
Our results do not support the presence of an association between selected common SNPs in OLR1 and the risk of clinical CAD.
Design of the P acemaker RE mote F ollow-up E valuation and R eview (PREFER) trial to assess the clinical value of the remote pacemaker interrogation in the management of pacemaker patients
Authors: Chen Jane , Wilkoff Bruce L , Choucair Wassim , Cohen Todd J , Crossley George H , Johnson W Ben , Mongeon Luc R , Serwer Gerald A , Sherfesee Lou 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Although pacemakers are primarily used for the treatment of bradycardia, diagnostic data available in current pacemakers allow them to be also used as sophisticated, continuous monitoring devices. Easy access to these stored data may assist clinicians in making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions sooner, thus avoiding potential long-term sequelae due to untreated clinical disorders. Internet-based remote device interrogation systems provide clinicians with frequent and complete access to stored data in pacemakers. In addition to monitoring device function, remote monitors may be a helpful tool in assisting physicians in the management of common arrhythmia disorders.

Methods
The Pacemaker Remote Follow-up Evaluation and Review (PREFER) trial is a prospective, randomized, parallel, unblinded, multicenter, open label clinical trial to determine the utility of remote pacemaker interrogation in the earlier diagnosis of clinically actionable events compared to the existing practice of transtelephonic monitoring. There have been 980 patients enrolled and randomized to receive pacemaker follow up with either remote interrogation using the Medtronic CareLink® Network (CareLink) versus the conventional method of transtelephonic monitoring (TTM) in addition to periodic in-person interrogation and programming evaluations. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the design of the PREFER trial. The results, to be presented separately, will characterize the number of clinically actionable events as a result of pacemaker follow-up using remote interrogation instead of TTM.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00294645.
Drawing Christ’s Blood: Michelangelo, Vittoria Colonna, and the Aesthetics of Reform*
Authors: D’Elia Una Roman 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article discusses Michelangelo’s drawings for Vittoria Colonna in relation to poetry and prose by Michelangelo, Colonna, and their circle. It focuses on the intersection between debates about Church reform and the polemic aboutdisegno(drawing or design) andcolore(color or finish). Vittoria Colonna used the distinction betweendisegnoandcolorerepeatedly in her spiritual poetry. In these and other writings, reform-minded thinkers did not offer consistent aesthetic and theological positions, but rather consciously articulated contradictions. Likewise, Michelangelo’s drawings for Vittoria Colonna display a strategy of deliberate paradox, in that they are highly colored black-and-white drawings of a tearless tearfulness and a bloodless bloodiness.
Seneca in Early Elizabethan England*
Authors: Winston Jessica 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the 1560s a group of men associated with the universities, and especially the early English law schools, the Inns of Court, translated nine of Seneca’s ten tragedies into English. Few studies address these texts and those that do concentrate on their contributions to the development of English drama. Why such works were important for those who composed them remains unclear. This essay examines the translations against the background of the social, political, and literary culture of the Inns in the 1560s. In this context, they look less like forms of dramatic invention than kinds of writing that facilitated the translators’ Latin learning, personal interactions, and political thinking and involvement.
The Role of Letters in Biographies of Michelangelo*
Authors: Parker Deborah 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

This study examines the role that Michelangelo’s letters have played
in biographies of the artist. It focuses on two periods — the Renaissance and
the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the latter witnessing an
outpouring of biographies on Michelangelo. The first section of the study
examines the way in which Giorgio Vasari edited the letters he received from
Michelangelo in his 1568 vita of the sculptor. In
the second section I analyze how the availability of the letters, through a
long and fitful process, influenced the way in which biographers from John S.
Harford to Giovanni Papini characterize Michelangelo and his
world.
Wherefore Art Thou Tereu? Juliet and the Legacy of Rape
Authors: Watson Robert N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Commentators on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet — perhaps mesmerized
by the play’s reputation as an exemplar of pure love — have overlooked its
references to the most notorious rapists of classical culture: Tereus, Hades,
Tarquin, and Paris. Our point is not to accuse Romeo, but instead to
demonstrate that Shakespeare characteristically hints at crimes that only
flicker through the minds of potential perpetrators and victims, who must draw
on a collective cultural legacy to judge, articulate, and control those
possibilities. Reducing the play’s spectrum of sexual aggression (including
voyeurism, insincere seduction, displaced phallic violence, angry
possessiveness, and forced marriage) into a neat binary of rape and consent may
be socially desirable, but it erases the ethical and psychological complexity
of adolescent courtship. Ignoring the ancient specter of rape haunting this
story also precludes recognizing what Juliet does heroically to exorcise
it.
A Spectacular Celebration of the Assumption in Siena
Authors: Campbell Andrea 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis essay addresses the significance of the Assumption of the Virgin fresco in the Baptistery of Siena and the existence of an adjacent tunnel that connects the Baptistery to the Cathedral above. The traditional celebration of the Assumption of the Virgin in Siena is described; previously unpublished documents stating that a play of the Assumption was performed add new details to the picture. Other contemporary Sienese religious dramas, some little-known to modern scholars, are discussed to illustrate what the play of the Assumption could have entailed. It is proposed that the tunnel, or trapdoor, was used to conceal ropes that raised an effigy of the Assunta during the feast-day Mass.
Visitors, Display, and Reception in the Antiquity Collections
of Late-Renaissance Rome
Authors: Stenhouse William 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis essay examines visitors’ experiences in the antiquity collections of Rome between 1550 and 1600. It argues that access to private collections was not as casual as has previously been thought, but that, in fact, it is possible to identify changes in the reception of visitors in this period as the city’s collections became increasingly public and institutionalized. Particular pressures on ecclesiastical collectors and parallels elsewhere in the development of the display of objects can explain the change at Rome: because of the city’s centrality, its collections serve as an important case study for a wider phenomenon, the growth of the museum.
“The Most Vile and Barbarous Nation of all the World”: Giles Fletcher the Elder’sThe Tartars Or, Ten Tribes(ca. 1610)*
Authors: Cogley Richard W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere was an ongoing controversy in seventeenth-century England about the ten lost tribes of Israel. The debate centered on the theoretical question of whether or not the lost tribes continued to exist as a distinct ethnic group. Surprisingly little attention was paid to what might seem to be the first order of business in any national referendum about the lost tribes: determining where they were. Fletcher’s book, which argued that the lost tribes survived as (and not merely lived among) the Tartars of central and northeastern Asia, was one of the few statements written in seventeenth-century England about the location of the missing people.
Vasari’s Buffalmacco and the Transubstantiation of Paint
Authors: Norman E. Land 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBeginning with several tales in Giovanni Boccaccio’sDecameron, the early fourteenth-century Florentine painter Buonamico Buffalmacco was often portrayed as a carefree, funloving trickster. As this paper demonstrates, that image has obscured the deeper significance that Buffalmacco and his works held for Giorgio Vasari in the second edition ofThe Lives of the Artists(1568). That significance is especially apparent in his account of the eccentric painter and his dealings with the nuns of Faenza. In two humorous anecdotes about the nuns and Buffalmacco, Vasari poetically reveals the aesthetic and theological significance of the painter’s art. In spite of Buffalmacco’s less-than-diligent character, Vasari praises his ability to “transubstantiate” paint, an ability that placed him among theprimi lumi.
Abridging theAntiquitee of Faery lond:New Paths Through Old Matter inThe Faerie Queene*
Authors: Chloe Wheatley 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSixteenth-century history may have been recorded most spectacularly in prestigious folio chronicles, but readers had more ready access to printed books that conveyed this history in epitome. This essay focuses on how Edmund Spenser (1552?–99) appropriated the rhetoric and form of such printed redactions in his rendition of fairy history found in book 2 ofThe Faerie Queene(1596). Through his abridged fairy chronicle, Spenser connects to a broadly defined reading public, emphasizes the deeds not only of kings but their imperial and civic deputies, and provides an alternative interpretive pathway through his poem.
Male/Female, Italy/Flanders, Michelangelo/Vittoria Colonna
Authors: Agoston Laura Camille 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis essay proposes a new reading of the famous passage comparing the devotional value of Flemish and Italian painting in Francisco de Holanda’s (1517-84) Portuguese treatiseDa pintura antigua. My purpose is to demonstrate that the polarizing and divisive claims made about Flemish painting are unmade in the text itself. The major grounds upon which Flemish art is attacked in the first of the four Roman dialogues are upheld for admiration in the second. The strongly misogynistic character of the passage on Flemish painting has obscured the more complex and shifting treatment of gender identity in the text.
Spenser, Homer, and the Mythography of Strife*
Authors: Wolfe Jessica 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article examines a central narrative and ethical motif of Edmund Spenser’sFaerie Queene —the golden chain—in the context of Spenser’s broader debts to Homeric epic. While largely neglected in favor of more immediate sources, such as Virgil’sAeneidand Tasso’sGerusalemme Liberata, the influence of Homer’sIliadandOdysseyis profoundly felt in Spenser’s mythography of strife. In its representation of the consequences of cosmological and spiritual strife,The Faerie Queenerealizes the classical and late antique allegorical tradition of interpreting Homeric epic as illustrative of the doctrines of pre-Socratic philosophers such as Heraclitus and Empedocles. Its moral landscape structured according to the oppositional yet complementary forces of love and strife, Spenser’s epic enacts the Homeric-Empedoclean epic of the allegorists so as to offer its own etiology of discord, one sympathetic with, but also distinct from, that of Homer.
Introducing Heterogeneity into Brittle Fracture Modeling of a 22NiMoCr37 Ferritic Steel Ring Forging
Authors: Zhao Xinglong , Lidbury David , da Fonseca João Quinta , Sherry Andrew 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Microstructural observations of the 22NiMoCr37 “EURO” reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel ring forging reveal that there is a banded structure along the radial direction, composed of alternate layers rich in bainite and ferrite of wavelength ∼1.5 ±0.75 mm. Heterogeneity at this meso (millimetre)-scale as well as at the micro (micrometre)-scale is currently not considered by conventional fracture mechanics. This paper describes the development of two numerical approaches aimed at incorporating such heterogeneity into the Beremin local approach model of cleavage failure, a model that has been used extensively for predicting the brittle fracture of ferritic RPV steels. The approaches developed combine the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) with continuum finite element analysis (FEA). CPFEM is applied to predict stress distributions at the microscale and to obtain phase-specific yield and flow properties for continuum FEA that derives stresses at the mesoscale. The results confirm that deformation heterogeneity on the micro- and mesoscales influences the local development of stress. At the microscale, the stress distribution within a representative volume of material located within the crack-tip plastic zone is shown to follow a normal distribution with a ratio of mean stress to standard deviation tending towards 0.1. These results indicate local stress levels that are within approximately ±20 % of those derived using continuum FEA. At the mesoscale, a periodic variation of stress is predicted within the larger representative volume. This variation is less dramatic than that observed at the microscale, though it still gives a spatial variation in maximum principal stress of approximately ±7 % between bainite- and ferrite-rich microstructural regions. These results suggest a significant influence of deformation heterogeneity on local stress levels, particularly at the microscale. However, the conventional Beremin cleavage fracture model, modified to account for microscale stress distribution, predicts only a modest influence of deformation heterogeneity on cleavage fracture probability, increasing Pf by just 5 %. This highlights the need to account for both the spatial variation in cleavage initiation sites as well as the distribution in stress throughout the microstructure. The paper describes one approach for this development.
Diel Periodicity of Fish Sound Production in Charlotte Harbor, Florida
Authors: Locascio James V. , Mann David A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDiel periodicity in sound production of estuarine fishes was documented in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, from 7 May to 10 June 2003. A long‐term acoustic recording system was used to record 10 s of sound every 10 min within the frequency range of 0‐1,250 Hz. Diel patterns in fish sound production were well defined throughout the study period. Chorusing events dominated by sand seatrout Cynoscion arenarius reached a mean daily (24‐h period) maximum sound pressure level of 117 dB relative to a reference effective pressure of 1 μPa. Mean daily chorus start and end times were 1726 and 0210 hours Eastern Standard Time, respectively, and chorus events lasted an average of 8.7 h. Other species recorded on most nights included the Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta, spotted seatrout C. nebulosus, and silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura. The results from this study demonstrate how this technology can be scaled to examine spawning soniferous fishes across large spatial and temporal scales.