bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiband analyses of the bright GRB 230812B and the associated SN2023pel
Authors: Hussenot-Desenonges T , Wouters T , Guessoum N , Abdi I , Abulwfa A , Adami C , Agüí Fernández J F , Ahumada T , Aivazyan V , Akl D , Anand S , Andrade C M , Antier S , Ata S A , D’Avanzo P , Azzam Y A , Baransky A , Basa S , Blazek M , Bendjoya P , Beradze S , Boumis P , Bremer M , Brivio R , Buat V , Bulla M , Burkhonov O , Burns E , Cenko S B , Coughlin M W , Corradi W , Daigne F , Dietrich T , Dornic D , Ducoin J -G , Duverne P -A , Elhosseiny E G , Elnagahy F I , El-Sadek M A , Ferro M , Le Floc’h E , Freeberg M , Fynbo J P U , Götz D , Gurbanov E , Hamed G M , Hasanov E , Healy B F , Heintz K E , Hello P , Inasaridze R , Iskandar A , Ismailov N , Izzo L , Jhawar S , Jegou du Laz T , Kamel T M , Karpov S , Klotz A , Koulouridis E , Kuin N P , Kochiashvili N , Leonini S , Lu K -X , Malesani D B , Mašek M , Mao J , Melandri A , Mihov B M , Natsvlishvili R , Navarete F , Nedora V , Nicolas J , Odeh M , Palmerio J , Pang P T H , De Pasquale M , Peng H W , Pormente S , Peloton J , Pradier T , Pyshna O , Rajabov Y , Rakotondrainibe N A , Rivet J -P , Rousselot L , Saccardi A , Sasaki N , Schneider B , Serrau M , Shokry A , Slavcheva-Mihova L , Simon A , Sokoliuk O , Srinivasaragavan G , Strausbaugh R , Takey A , Tanvir N R , Thöne C C , Tillayev Y , Melo I Tosta e , Turpin D , de Ugarte Postigo A , Vasylenko V , Vergani S D , Vidadi Z , Xu D , Wang L T , Wang X F , Winters J M , Zhang X -L , Zhu Z 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
GRB 230812B is a bright and relatively nearby (z = 0.36) long gamma-ray burst (GRB) that has generated significant interest in the community and has thus been observed over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. We report over 80 observations in X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and submillimetre bands from the GRANDMA (Global Rapid Advanced Network for Multimessenger Addicts) network of observatories and from observational partners. Adding complementary data from the literature, we then derive essential physical parameters associated with the ejecta and external properties (i.e. the geometry and environment) of the GRB and compare with other analyses of this event. We spectroscopically confirm the presence of an associated supernova, SN2023pel, and we derive a photospheric expansion velocity of v ∼ 17 × 103 km s−1. We analyse the photometric data first using empirical fits of the flux and then with full Bayesian inference. We again strongly establish the presence of a supernova in the data, with a maximum (pseudo-)bolometric luminosity of 5.75 × 1042 erg s−1, at $15.76^{+0.81}_{-1.21}$ d (in the observer frame) after the trigger, with a half-max time width of 22.0 d. We compare these values with those of SN1998bw, SN2006aj, and SN2013dx. Our best-fitting model favours a very low density environment ($\log _{10}({n_{\rm ISM}/{\rm cm}^{-3}}) = -2.38^{+1.45}_{-1.60}$) and small values for the jet’s core angle $\theta _{\rm core} = 1.54^{+1.02}_{-0.81} \ \rm {deg}$ and viewing angle $\theta _{\rm obs} = 0.76^{+1.29}_{-0.76} \ \rm {deg}$. GRB 230812B is thus one of the best observed afterglows with a distinctive supernova bump.
The temperature of the neutral interstellar medium in the Galaxy
Authors: Patra Narendra Nath , Roy Nirupam 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Atomic Hydrogen-21 cm transition (H i) is an excellent tracer to study and understand the properties of the atomic gas in the Galaxy. Using the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, we observed 12 quasar sightlines to detect galactic H i in absorption. We achieve an optical depth rms of ∼1−2 × 10−3, essential to detect the warm neutral medium (WNM). We detect H i absorption in all our sightlines except along 1006+349, for which we set a strict upper limit on the spin temperature as 〈Ts〉 &gt; 570 K. We find around 50 per cent of our sightlines have 〈Ts〉 &gt; 500 K, indicating a WNM dominance. Further, we calculate an upper limit of the cold neutral medium (CNM) fraction along our sightlines and find a median CNM fraction of ∼0.12. With our observations, we reconfirm the existence of a threshold column density of ∼2 × 1020$\rm atoms \, cm^{-2}$ to form CNM in the interstellar medium (ISM). Using a two-temperature model of the H i disc, we explore the distribution of spin temperature in the Galactic ISM. We find that a simple fixed axisymmetric two-temperature model could not produce either the observed column density or the integral optical depth. This indicates the existence of a more complex distribution of spin temperatures in the Galaxy.
The first spectroscopic IR reverberation programme on Mrk 509
Authors: Mitchell J A J , Ward M J , Kynoch D , Santisteban J V Hernández , Horne K , Pott J -U , Esser J , Mercatoris P , Packham C , Ferland G J , Lawrence A , Fischer T , Barth A J , Villforth C , Winkler H 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Near IR spectroscopic reverberation of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) potentially allows the infrared (IR) broad line region (BLR) to be reverberated alongside the disc and dust continua, while the spectra can also reveal details of dust astro-chemistry. Here, we describe results of a short pilot study (17 near-IR spectra over a 183 d period) for Mrk 509. The spectra give a luminosity-weighted dust radius of 〈Rd,lum〉 = 186 ± 4 light-days for blackbody (large grain dust), consistent with previous (photometric) reverberation campaigns, whereas carbon and silicate dust give much larger radii. We develop a method of calibrating spectral data in objects where the narrow lines are extended beyond the slit width. We demonstrate this by showing our resultant photometric band light curves are consistent with previous results, with a hot dust lag at &gt;40 d in the K band, clearly different from the accretion disc response at &lt;20 d in the z band. We place this limit of 40 d by demonstrating clearly that the modest variability that we do detect in the H and K band does not reverberate on time-scales of less than 40 d. We also extract the Pa β line light curve, and find a lag which is consistent with the optical BLR H β line of ∼70–90 d. This is important as direct imaging of the near-IR BLR is now possible in a few objects, so we need to understand its relation to the better studied optical BLR.
Tracing back the birth environments of Type Ia supernova progenitor stars: a pilot study based on 44 early-type host galaxies
Authors: Kim Young-Lo , Galbany Lluís , Hook Isobel , Kang Yijung 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The environmental dependence of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) luminosities is well established, and efforts are being made to find its origin. Previous studies typically use the currently observed status of the host galaxy. However, given the delay time between the birth of the progenitor star and the SN Ia explosion, the currently observed status may differ from the birth environment of the SN Ia progenitor star. In this paper, employing the chemical evolution and accurately determined stellar population properties of 44 early-type host galaxies, we, for the first time, estimate the SN Ia progenitor star birth environment, specifically [Fe/H]Birth and [α/Fe]Birth. We show that [α/Fe]Birth has a $30.4^{\text{+10.6}}_{-10.1}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ wider range than the currently observed [α/Fe]Current, while the range of [Fe/H]Birth is not statistically different ($17.9^{\text{+26.0}}_{-27.1}{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) to that of [Fe/H]Current. The birth and current environments of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] are sampled from different populations (p-values of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test &lt;0.01). We find that light-curve fit parameters are insensitive to [Fe/H]Birth (&lt;0.9σ for the non-zero slope), while a linear trend is observed with Hubble residuals (HRs) at the 2.4σ significance level. With [α/Fe]Birth, no linear trends (&lt;1.1σ) are observed. Interestingly, we find that [α/Fe]Birth clearly splits the SN Ia sample into two groups: SN Ia exploded in [α/Fe]Birth-rich or [α/Fe]Birth-poor environments. SNe Ia exploded in different [α/Fe]Birth groups have different weighted-means of light-curve shape parameters: 0.81 ± 0.33 (2.5σ). They are thought to be drawn from different populations (p-value = 0.01). Regarding SN Ia colour and HRs, there is no difference (&lt;1.0σ) in the weighted-means and distribution (p-value &gt; 0.27) of each [α/Fe]Birth group.
The role of density breaks in driving spiral structure in disc galaxies
Authors: Fiteni Karl , De Rijcke Sven , Debattista Victor P , Caruana Joseph 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
It is well established that stellar discs are destabilized by sharp features in their phase space, driving recurrent spiral modes. We explore the extent to which surface-density breaks in disc galaxies – which represent sharp changes in the gradient of the disc density – drive new spiral modes. We employ linear perturbation theory to investigate how disc breaks alter the eigenmode spectrum of an otherwise pure exponential disc. We find that the presence of a density break gives rise to a set of new, vigorously growing, modes. For a given multiplicity, these edge modes occur in pairs, with closely separated resonances between each pair. The growth rate of edge modes decreases when the break is weakened or moved outward to lower-density regions of the disc. Both down- and up-bending profiles excite edge modes, whose origin can be best understood via the gravitational torques they exert on the underlying disc. When the profile is down-bending (Type II) the faster growing mode is the inner one while in the up-bending (Type III) case the outer mode is faster growing. In both cases, the faster growing mode has a corotation almost coincident with the break. We show that the torques of the edge modes tend to smoothen the break.
Hinduism
Authors: Bakker Freek L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Today the Caribbean counts more than half a million Hindus. Most of them live in Trinidad, but there are also many Hindus living in Guyana and Suriname. Since 1838 they succeeded in reconstructing the religion of their ancestors in their new environment. They started to perform rituals, built temples later, founded Hindu schools, and participated in the political developments of each of these three countries. They had to fight against discrimination. Currently, however, the position of the Hindus is relatively strong. In the course of this reconstruction the form of Hinduism they developed also got a special Caribbean flavor. One of its main characteristics is that it has become a congregational religion with temples fit for congregational worship, meetings, and services.
Espiritismo
Authors: Román Reinaldo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the influence of Espiritismo that is evident across religious domains throughout the Spanish-speaking Caribbean. Espiritistas, who are the religion’s practitioners, refer to historical genealogies and religious taxonomies that do double duty as moral hierarchies when they proclaim their bona fides. Moreover, espiritistas among nineteenth-century liberals sought to free Spanish Caribbean societies from the constraints of conservatism and Catholicism. The chapter highlights the significance of Casa de las Almas, which is one of Puerto Rico’s best-known groups dedicated to the science and philosophy of Espiritismo. It considers the belief that the living can and should communicate with the spirits of the dead.
Contested Religion in Puerto Rico
Authors: Caraballo-Resto Juan F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the religious colonial legacies in the contemporary history of Puerto Rico. It presents the transformation concerning hegemonic Christianity and queer socioreligious activism. Religious institutions were at the heart of this colonizing process that systematically installed oppression and exclusion among the population. The chapter then looks into the key concepts surrounding critical unity posed by ecumenical organizations, pioneering sororities sparked by interfaith dialogue and practice, crucial mutual aid offered after Hurricane María, and the key intervention of queer socioreligious activism. It explains that the island’s religious practice invested in the livelihoods of a population determined to struggle with the recalibration of unequal power relations in a colonial society in full crisis.
Black Souls Rising in the Rastafari Communities
Authors: Desmangles Leslie G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Rastafari movement. It defines it as a twentieth-century religiopolitical phenomenon that addresses the economic injustices in Jamaican society and the world. The Rastafari resist the social order by expressing their discontent in theological terms nuanced with a millenarian orientation. Moreover, the development of the Rastafari movement saw the emergence of three sects that taught the divinity of Haile Selassie and the dignity of blacks while relying on the Bible, the Holy Piby, and some of Haile Selassie’s speeches. The chapter cites how the Rastafari movement is probably the most culturally and internationally diffused of all the Caribbean religions due to its universal message that befits the current conditions of the contemporary world.
English-language literature of the Philippines
Authors: Tope Lily Rose 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Philippine literature in English began with the American colonization of the Philippines, which brought with it public education and the English language. Filipino writers adapted to the English language readily and produced works in English within two decades. A period of imitation followed as American literary models were adopted through public schools. The 1950s was a golden age of literary production as writers became more confident in the use of English. During the 1960s and 1970s, English was regarded as a tool of colonialism and imperialism. The Martial Law years, which suppressed writing, did not deter writing in English. By the turn of the millennium, writing in English responded to global trends and writers became more experimental, crossing over to non-literary genres as well as exploring local literary traditions.
English-language literature of Singapore
Authors: Ang Ann , Mui-Cheng Poon Angelia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the English language literature of Singapore from 1965 to 2020, and presents a broad narrative about the growth and development of poetry, prose, and drama in relation to distinctive periods and concerns. Beginning with the poetry of the immediate post-independence years, written to establish a national literary tradition, the chapter then moves on to discuss how later writing engaged with the social and cultural concerns of moderniz ation and economic development. With Singapore’s positioning as a global city, new literary work was frequently produced within the context of cross-border travel or from a diasporic perspective, as the Singapore writing community grew to include migrant authors. From 2010, grass-roots efforts led to the accelerated publication of new work, an energiz ed infrastructure for the literary arts, and a renewed decolonial perspective on the nation’s beginnings.
Panel Effects on Courts Around the World
Authors: Ostberg C. L. , Wetstein Matthew E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Studies of panel effects examine the impact judges have on each other and how they are influenced by other courts in the judicial hierarchy. Theoretical pluralism has been a common theme in studies of panel effects, with the literature dominated by studies of the three-member US Courts of Appeals. Specifically, attitudinal/background studies have found varying levels of panel effects that are driven by political ideologies, gender, race, and combinations of these factors. Research has documented the influence of strategic behaviour within and between courts by examining economic and psychological factors that shape consensus and collegiality within small panels. Increasingly, panel effects are being studied in high courts around the world, although the studies yield different findings because of varying institutional norms, rules, legal settings, and the cases chosen for analysis. In some jurisdictions, chief justices have exerted influence over case outcomes by structuring panels in a political way that results in preferred outcomes (for example, see South Africa). In other courts, the use of rotating panels has muted the influence of ideology in favour of deference to pro-government outcomes (for example, see Norway). In still other courts, the norm of collective decision making and writing of opinions makes it extremely difficult to assess the impact of panel effects (see many constitutional and high courts in Europe). As scholars continue their inquiry of panel effects in global courts, this chapter argues for further methodological pluralism as a guiding force and the development of new theoretical paradigms for studying civil law jurisdictions.
Codification and Other Strategies of Consensus-Building in Jewish Law
Authors: Davis Joseph M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter surveys the strategies Jews have used to achieve consensus on matters of Jewish law and practice in the past and in the present. By the same token, strategies to achieve consensus are also strategies of group differentiation. In the Middle Ages and the early modern era, consensus concerning Jewish practice was achieved mainly at a local and regional level, both through formal processes of Jewish self-government and through the informal development of local customs. There was sufficient travel and communication to achieve a significant degree of transregional consensus as well, through the circulation of legal texts such as the Talmud, responsa, and legal codes. The rise of printing increased circulation, and the Shulchan Arukh, published in 1565, won wide acceptance as a legal code. The Shulchan Arukh also promoted the ethnic differentiation of Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews. In contemporary Judaism, local and regional consensus have largely disappeared. Consensus on matters of Jewish law and practice is now achieved within transregional religious movements, such as Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism, and the many Orthodox groups and subgroups. In this new system, strategies of laxism, centrism, and strictism are crucial ways of uniting and differentiating Jewish groups.
Issur Arkaot and Dina DeMalkhuta Dina
Authors: Resnicoff Steven H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Jewish law comprehensively applies to all aspects of private and public life. Its unique legal literature not only addresses practical rulings but contains profound spiritual and ethical teachings. Judaism’s greatest legal authorities have always been its foremost rabbinic leaders. Consequently, compliance with Judaism’s laws, personal immersion in its texts, and respect for its legal institutions are quintessential religious responsibilities. For most of the past two millennia, however, Jews have lived under the power of Gentile regimes with significantly different legal systems. Tensions between these competing approaches inevitably developed. As Gentile rulers began to consider granting Jews citizenship rights, pressures on Jews to abandon their distinctive legal tradition intensified. Ironically, the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 similarly threatened to displace Jewish religious law with secular Israeli law. Two Jewish law doctrines, Issur Arkaot (a prohibition against submitting adjudicative matters to non-rabbinic courts) and Dina DeMalkhuta Dina (a rule rendering violations of some types of secular law as Jewish law transgressions), have helped preserve the observance of Jewish law, the vigorous study of its texts, and the respect of its authorities. This chapter explores these doctrines, explains the roles they have played, and foreshadows the prospects for their continued vitality.
Modernity, Secularism, and the Transformation of Jewish Law
Authors: Batnitzky Leora 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Modernity converted Jewish law, both practically and conceptually, into a solely religious enterprise. Historically, Jewish law was religious, but in pre-modern contexts, Jewish law also had a political dimension that has been greatly diminished, if not eradicated, by modernity. Understanding modern debates about Jewish law in this way allows us to appreciate two significant points: (1) modern conceptions of Jewish law signal not continuity but a break with the past; (2) despite their profound differences, views of Jewish law advanced by divergent Jewish communities, both within and outside denominational streams of Judaism, have more in common than their self-presentations might suggest. Thus, this chapter considers the modern development of “law” and “religion” as distinct categories, the privatization of Jewish law in western and eastern European contexts, respectively, overlaps between modern Jewish conceptions of law and modern legal theory and the role of democracy and egalitarianism as they play out in feminist approaches to Jewish law.
The Role of Scientific Findings in Contemporary Jewish Law
Authors: Reifman Daniel , Belfer Israel , Pear Rachel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of techoscientific developments in halakhic decision-making. The chapter illustrates the difficulty of sketching a coherent description of how science has been brought to bear on halakhah by decisors. Halakhic reasoning is rarely completely consistent with science (or coupled to a specific scientific worldview), or entirely independent. Thus, we reject deductive/harmony models, which posit that halakhic rulings are formed exclusively by applying halakhic norms to scientific findings or in complete consonance with them. We similarly reject positivist/independence models, which posit the complete separation and discontinuity between the two spheres of science and halakhah. Instead, we gravitate toward a “dialogue model,” which highlights those features that make each discourse distinct and meaningful and enable it to contribute to a fruitful and multidimensional interaction with the other. We additionally focus on the dynamics of halakhic practice and the need for cognitive coherence among halakhic adherents that have shaped the way halakhah has absorbed scientific discoveries and technological developments.
Body Modifications among San Hunter-Gatherers
Authors: Viestad Vibeke M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Body modifications are a well-known aspect of various cultural practice among the San hunter-gatherers of Southern Africa. Recently, such practices have been analyzed within an interpretative framework that suggests that they were mostly performed to ensure harmonious relationships—between humans and other-than-human sentient beings and identities. This chapter provides an overview of relevant published literature and primary source material on the body modifications of the San communities of the recent past, in order to systematize the existing documentation and to synthesize what appear to have been the most important contexts for the performance of cuts, tattoos, and scarification. This will demonstrate that body modifications in San hunter-gatherer contexts were a relational practice, suggesting a close cultural discourse between the alteration of the body and other material cultural practices—such as incised, burnt, and painted patterns in skin- and woodwork, as well as rock engravings.