bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early growth of porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) with planting distance adjustment under oil palm plantation
Authors: Fuady Z , Satriawan H , Ernawita  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) thrive under shaded conditions and has been planted under plantations. As oil palm plantations area in Aceh is growing; the effect of shading under oil palm plantation has not been previously reported. The material used is bulbil from the porang plant. Meanwhile, the oil palm stands used were 8-10 years old with the canopy covering >80% of the land. The experimental design used is a Completely Randomized Block Design with the treatment of spacing settings of 40 x 40 cm; 75 x 75 cm; 80 x 80 cm; 90 x 90 cm and 100 x 100 cm. Experiments were conducted in four replicates. Data were analysed using One Way Anova, followed by posthoc Tukey HSD test. Results shows that the spacing had a significant effect on its growth, especially the age of shoot emergence, plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves. The age of budding which allows early shoots to appear is at a spacing of 40 x 40 cm, as well as the plant height parameters at observations 4, 5, 6 and 7 WAP. Meanwhile, at the age of 8 and 9 WAP, the best plant height growth was at 80 x 80 cm spacing.
Analyze the effects of planting distances on the performance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) varieties
Authors: Al-Hasnawi A S A A , Al-Refai S I , Al-Tahir F M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Safflower crop (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the genera that belongs to the Asteraceae family, also called the Compositae family, which is considered the largest family of flowering plants, containing 22 000 species extending from annuals to perennials. The analysis was led at the Muthanna College Exploration Station-School of Horticulture in the colder time of year season 2021-2022, to study the evaluation of the performance of Safflower varieties (Iranian & local) under the influence of planting distances (10, 15, and 20) cm, Explore was done utilizing a totally randomized plan RCBD and with three replications. Results of the statistical analysis showed that the distance of 20 cm was significantly superior to plant height 133.17 cm, number of branches 9.83 branches of per Plant, number of seeds reached, 552 seeds of per Plant and seed yield per Plant 17.33 g of per Plant. The outcomes demonstrated to the ethical predominance of the neighborhood class, giving the most elevated normal for the quantity of timberlands of normal 8.00 parts of per Plant, and yield of seeds 15.44 g per plant.
Exploring the antagonist potential of indigenous Trichoderma spp., Bacillus, and Pseudomonas against Phytophthora palmivora of Soe mandarin in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Simamora A V , Hahuly M V , Kana Y R , Benggu Y I , Mudita I W , Kasim M , Hosang E Y , Londingkene J A , Mahayasa I N W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Phytophthora palmivora-induced root and basal stem rot pose a significant threat to the survival of Soe mandarin plants in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. We isolated four Trichoderma species, five Bacillus, and 13 Pseudomonas isolates from the rhizosphere of healthy Soe mandarin. This study pursued two main objectives: (a) assessing the inhibitory capabilities of indigenous Trichoderma spp., Bacillus, and Pseudomonas towards P. palmivora in vitro, and (b) investigating the combined efficacy of Trichoderma spp., Bacillus, and Pseudomonas in controlling P. palmivora in a pot trial. Results revealed that four Trichoderma species (T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, and T. viride) significantly inhibited the growth of P. palmivora. Notably, T. asperellum exhibited the highest inhibition, at 84.31%, followed closely by T. harzianum (84.11%), T. viride (83.67%), and T. hamatum (80.28%). Bacillus and Pseudomonas exhibited varying levels of inhibition to P. palmivora growth in vitro, with the most substantial inhibition observed in Bacillus 1, followed by Pseudomonas 6. In the subsequent pot trial, the application of Trichoderma, Bacillus, or Pseudomonas, either individually or in combination, significantly increased the height increment and reduced the disease incidence caused by P. palmivora in Soe mandarin seedlings.
Application technique and concentration of biofertilizer from rhizosphere of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) given biosurfactant dietanolamide oil palm on the growth of cocoa seedlings
Authors: Eris F R , Sari I P , Nurmayulis  , Sodiq A H , Yardha  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research aimed to know the influence of application technique and biofertilizer that given concentration of biosurfactant diethanolamide (DEA) for the growth of cocoa seedlings and also to know the interaction between application technique and concentration level of biofertilizer given DEA growth of cacao seedling (Theobroma cacao L.). This research was conducted in UPTD SITANDU, Banten and the Soil Agroclimate Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa from December 2020 until March 2021, by using randomize complete block design with two factors. The first factor is technique application T1 at soil, T2 at leaf, and T3 with combination soil and leaf fertilization), and the second factor is concentration level of biofertilizer given DEA P1 10 ml and 5%, P2 10 ml and 10%, P3 20 ml and 5%, P4 20 ml and 10%. As a result, there were twelve possible treatment combinations, and each was applied three times. Parameters total chlorophyll (unit), root length (cm), stem diameter (mm), seedlings dry weight (g) and root shoot rasio (g). The results there was no interaction effect between the two treatments, namely application technique and concentration level of biofertilizer with DEA biosurfactant, on all observed parameters of cocoa seedlings.
Effect of potassium fertilizer dose and compost dose of empty palm oil bunches (EFB) on the growth of lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.)
Authors: Fatmawaty A A , Sodiq A H , Susiyanti  , Sherena K D , Yardha  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer and compost of Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) on the growth of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.). The research was started in February-June 2022 at BPTP Banten, and the Laboratory of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method which consisted of two factors. The first of potassium fertilizer dose has 4 levels, 0 kg/ha potassium (K0), 15 kg/ha (K1), 30 kg/ha (K2) and 45 kg/ha (K3). The second factor of EFB compost has 4 levels, 0 tons/ha (T0), 20 tons/ha (T1), 30 tons/ha (T2) and 40 tons/ha (T3). The results showed the dose of potassium fertilizer 30 kg/ha gave the best results on plant height parameters at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks after planting (WAP). Dosage of 40 tons/ha of EFB compost gave the best results on the number of leaves aged 5 and 6 WAP. There was no interaction between the dose of potassium fertilizer and the dose of EFB compost on all.
Utilization of organic ameliorants and fertilizers to increase Entisol total N through axis system fertigation in vertical cultivation
Authors: Tobing W L , Ndua N D D , Hanas D F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The high porosity and low organic matter content of Entisol are the reasons that Nitrogen (N) is easily leached and lost due to evaporation. Application of organic ameliorants and fertilization is expected to increase total N in Entisol. To find out the effect of organic ameliorants and fertilizers on increasing total N through axis fertigation in vertical cultivation, this study was conducted using a divided plot design. The organic ameliorant treatment consisted of soil (A1) as control, A2 (soil:biochar)(1:1), A3 (soil:compost)(1:1), A4 (soil: biochar:compost)(1:1:1), while the fertilizer treatment consisted of P1 (urea), P2 (liquid organic fertilizer [LOF]), P3 (urea + liquid organic fertilizer[LOF]), P4 (urea + nitrogen fixing-bacteria[NFB]), P5 (liquid organic fertilizer[LOF] + nitrogen-fixing bacteria[NFB]), and P6 (Urea + liquid organic fertilizer[LOF] + nitrogen-fixing bacteria[NFB]). The results showed that the increase in total N occurred after the addition of organic ameliorant and fertilizer. The single treatment with ameliorant ratio of 1:1:1 (soil: biochar: compost) (A4) showed the highest increase in total N, which was 1.08% and was significantly different from the other treatments. The single treatment of fertilizer type with a combination of 3 types of fertilizer namely urea + LOF + NFB (P6) produced the highest total N (0.95%).
Evaluation performance of irrigation local rice from South Tapanuli
Authors: Alfi R , Wahyuni H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using new high-yielding varieties has led to increased production and availability of food, especially rice, in Indonesia. Even though it has high productivity, the popularity of consumers looking for local rice is still very high because of its taste. Apart from being long-aged, the ability of rice to only grow in specific environments causes farmers to avoid planting local rice. This research aims to evaluate the performance of irrigated rice from South Tapanuli. The research was carried out from May to August 2023 in the experimental field in Padang City, West Sumatra. Based on research results, the height of local plants is higher than the national superior varieties. Even though they have good agronomic performance, the results observed are that the generative characters of national superior varieties are better than local varieties. It was likely due to local varieties still adapting to the environment and pests and diseases to complete the life cycle.
Assembling corn varieties containing high amylopectin and high productivity
Authors: Edy  , Subaedah St. , Ibrahim B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
It is imperative that fluffy corn be developed as a substitute staple grain at this time. The goal of this research is to produce high-yielding corn cultivars with a high amylopectin content. This study had a randomized block design and using the Back Cross method. Plant three rows of the Srikandi Putih variety and one row of local waxy corn in the first year. F1 was created by crossing the Local Waxy Corn (♂) with the Srikandi Putih Variety (♀). F1 is planted in two rows, while F2 is produced by selfing. The second year, 105 F2 samples’ seeds were examined for amylopectin content before being chosen. After planting the chosen F2, it selfes to create F3. 100 rows of F3 were sown, and 263 F3 plants (♀) were chosen for backcrossing with the Srikandi Putih Variety (♂), yielding BC1F1. The following seed amylopectin levels tended to rise as selection proceeded, according to the results: F1 (74.25%), F2 (74.80%%), F3 (76.60%), and BC1F1 (79.15%). The following seed production per hectare was achieved between 2018 and 2019: F1 (2.93 t), F2 (3.05 t), F3 (4.61 t), and BC1F1 (5.09 t).
Comparison of several weed control and tillage techniques in suppressing weeds and increasing maize production for integrated weed control
Authors: Nursa’adah  , Akasah W , Totti D P , Putra A , Mulya M O 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The use of herbicides has received attention due to its effects on human health, sustainability, and biodiversity due to toxic chemicals in herbicides. Repeated use of herbicide active ingredients over a long period of time can result in the emergence of resistant weeds. One strategy to reduce the herbicide use without decreasing productivity is integrated weed control. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of several weed control techniques in integrated weed control and their role in suppressing weeds and increasing maize crop production. This study used a Randomized Group Design with 2 factorials. The first factor was weed control technique (W) with levels: no control (W0), cover crop (W1), pre-emergent herbicide (W2), post-emergent herbicide (W3), and weed-free (with weeding) (W4). And the second factor was tillage technique (T), namely: no tillage (T0) and conventional tillage (T1). The results showed that post-emergent herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds and the highest crop production with weed control techniques with pre-emergent herbicides. The tillage technique had no significant effect on weeds and maize crop production.
Isolation and Potential Testing of Cellulolytic Fungi from Tea Processing Waste
Authors: Sembiring M , Pakpahan G M , Muklis  , Razali  , Hidayat B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tea as one of the long-established agricultural commodities in Indonesia, generates significant amounts of solid waste throughout the year. Tea waste, which has a low C/N ratio, can be used as compost to replace inorganic fertilizers, because it contains high nitrogen. The high carbon content can also be utilized as a soil ameliorant that acts as a soil buffer, because it has a high water absorption capacity. This research was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. Cellulolytic microorganisms from tea factory waste were isolated using Carboxyl Methyl Cellulase (CMC) media, and superior fungal isolates were tested for their potential to degrade organic materials in raw tea factory waste. The results of the study revealed the presence of 5 fungal isolates, with isolate J3 showing potential in decomposing organic materials, resulting in a C/N ratio of 12.62, followed by a pH of 6.96. Fungal with the best potential test results can be used as decomposers in organic matter that is high in cellulose content which is difficult to decompose.
The effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Haryati  , Lubis M F , Hasanah Y , Sinuraya M , Sembiring M , Sipayung A M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most attractive agricultural commodities. To minimize risks in cultivating red chilies, high quality seeds must be used. These seeds are obtained from chili fruit from previous plantings. Chili fruit is harvested several times. This research aims to determine the effect of different harvest times on the quality of red chili seeds for sustainable agriculture. The research was carried out at the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. This research used a Non-Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven harvest time treatments, namely harvest in the first week, harvest in the second week, harvest in the third week, harvest in the fourth week, harvest in the fifth week, harvest in the sixth week, and harvest in the seventh week. The parameters observed were the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential, germination test, germination rate and vigor index. The research results show that harvest time has a significant effect on all parameters. Seed harvested in the third and fourth week are the best quality because they have the weight of 100 seeds, maximum growth potential and the highest vigor index and fastest germination rate.
The effect of giving colchicine on appearance phnotypes of two genotypes in okra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench)
Authors: Lubis K , Aprilyani H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cultivation of okra (Abelmochus esculentus L. Moench) is done to increase productivity by means of mutations to produce populations that have diversity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of colchicine concentration on phenotypic changes in two genotypes of okra so as to produce plants with polyploidy properties. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 treatment factors. First factor is use IPB’s Zahira Varieties: IPB’s Naila Varieties. Second factor was addition with a dose of colchicine 0%, 0.20%, 0.40%, and 0.60% as a solution for soaking okra seeds. Results showed that stomatal density (mm2) and flowering age WAP were significantly different due to variety and colchicine treatments. Variety significantly affected plant height at 5-13 WAP, number of leaves at 6-13 WAP, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and number of fruit, colchicine concentration significantly affected height 2-13 WAP, number leaves at 4-9 WAP, flowering age, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and number of fruit. Interaction of varieties and administration of colchicine concentrations affected okra plant height at 11-13 WAP, number of leaves at 8 WAP, and fruit weight. The qualitative characters show the results of changes in leaf color and shape.
Effect of various hesperidin and naringin addition levels on specific sperm indicators and the integrity of their DNA as measured by the comet assay in aged broiler breeder males
Authors: Mawlood A D , Taha A T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In broiler breeder males, the generation of semen decreases with age, and the body produces more free radicals when aging symptoms start to appear. Certain citrus wastes are a potentially sustainable source of high-biological value compounds with antioxidant properties that can enhance the performance of the male reproductive system. Hesperidin and naringin are two examples of these substances. Each treatment was given to the roosters separately, and their impacts on DNA integrity and semen parameters were later investigated using the comet assay. in contrast to the treatment used as the negative control. Most of the sperm characteristics (ejaculate volume, overall sperm motility, progressive sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of dead sperm, and percentage of abnormal sperm) were significantly and meaningfully improved by the hesperidin and naringin treatment. The percentage of genetic material that remains intact increased in the comet assay in favor of the treatments that also contained naringin and hesperidin. Finally, this study showed that hesperidin and naringin are sustainable substances led to improved semen qualities of elderly broiler breeder males and significantly increased the proportion of genetic material that was intact.
Physicochemical quality of duck meat marinated using Keranji (Dialium indium) and mini vacuum tumbler
Authors: Patriani P , Sitepu S Y , Sari T V , Desnamrina K C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A sustainable green economy in meat production must consider food safety principles, prevent the risk of meat contamination and improve meat quality. Duck meat has a darker colour than chicken meat, a distinctive aroma, tough texture and high fat, making it less preferred by consumers. This study aimed to determine the effect of Keranji marination using a mini vacuum tumbler on duck meat. This study used a complete factorial randomised design with four replicates. Factor I was the concentration of Keranji (D0=0%, D1=10%, D2=20% and D3=30%). Factor II is marination time using a mini vacuum tumbler (V1=15 minutes and V2=30 minutes). The results showed that Keranji concentration and marination time using a mini vacuum tumbler very significantly affected (P<0.01) pH, tenderness, cooking loss, moisture content and colour. The interaction between Keranji concentration and marination time using a mini vacuum tumbler significantly affects (<0.05) pH, cooking weight loss and tenderness. It was concluded that the best result was the best for Keranji with 20% concentration and marination time using a mini vacuum tumbler of 30 minutes. Keranji is recommended as a marinade that can sustainably improve the physicochemical quality of meat.
Inventory of plants as food source for Apis sp. and Trigona sp. in Tlekung Batu East Java Indonesia
Authors: Purwantiningsih B , Leksono A S , Yanuwiyadi B , Gama Z P 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to identify plant species and analyze the density (D), frequency (F), Importance Value Index (IVI) of each plant that is a source of food for Apis sp. and Trigona sp. in Tlekung Village. This research was conducted using survey and sampling methods in 3 garden locations where there is honey bee cultivation. Each location has 10 plots, one plot has an area of 1m x 1m. Data analysis using RD, RF, and IVI formulas. The results of the study were 2579 individuals consisting of 37 species from 20 families and 18 orders. The plant species that has the largest IVI is Synedrella nodiflora (66.30) from the family Asteraceae order Asterales as well as recommendations to be provided around the garden to support the feed of Apis sp. and Trigona sp.
Correlation macroeconomic, government efficiency, infrastructure, and climate change vulnerability: a cross-country analysis
Authors: Ernawati E , Madi R A , Asri M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The government is required to take proactive steps to participate in interventions that strengthen resilience in response to climate change as SDG 13: Climate Action. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the correlation of government performance, in the form of macroeconomic performance, efficiency, and infrastructure availability with vulnerability to climate change. Data were analyzed from 2021 to 2022 for 57 countries and the variables used were macroeconomic performance, government efficiency, infrastructure, and vulnerability. Furthermore, vulnerability variable has three dimensions, namely susceptibility, lack of coping capacities, and lack of adaptive capacities. The data used in this study were sourced from reputable references, such as World Competitiveness Yearbook and World Risk Report. For data analysis, correlation and comparison tests were judiciously applied. The results showed that macroeconomic performance, government efficiency, and infrastructure were negatively correlated with vulnerability. Macroeconomic performance and government efficiency variables had the strongest moderate correlation with climate change vulnerability, while infrastructure had a moderate to strong correlation. The results recommended a policy of providing infrastructure in vulnerable areas since economic performance could not guarantee resilience to climate change.
Drying kinetics of rice using a flatbed dryer with a hot air source from a biomass waste pyrolysis reactor
Authors: Hasibuan R , Yudianto Y P , Aritonang M Y A , Fazillah R , Pramananda V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the process of rice drying using a flatbed dryer integrated with a biomass waste pyrolysis reactor as a heat supplier. The integration of dryer equipment with pyrolysis reactor aims to replace the use of fossil fuel energy with biomass as an eco-friendly source and abundantly available in nature. The current investigation assessed how tray height and drying temperature affected rice’s moisture ratio, drying rate, and drying characteristics. The drying air temperature of 70°C and the tray height of 40 cm were found to yield the optimum drying outcomes, according to the results. The best drying kinetics model that can describe the rice drying process is the Page model.