bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal contributions to face processing differences in autism: Evidence from fMRI of inverted face processing
Authors: BOOKHEIMER SUSAN Y. , WANG A. TING , SCOTT ASHLEY , SIGMAN MARIAN , DAPRETTO MIRELLA 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging studies of face processing deficits in autism have typically focused on visual processing regions, such as the fusiform face area (FFA), which have shown reduced activity in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), though inconsistently. We recently reported reduced activity in the inferior frontal region in ASD, implicating impaired mirror-neuron systems during face processing. In the present study, we used fMRI during a face processing task in which subjects had to match faces presented in the upright versus inverted position. Typically developing (TD) children showed a classic behavioral inversion effect, increased reaction time for inverted faces, while this effect was significantly reduced in ASD subjects. The fMRI data showed similar responses in the fusiform face area for ASD and TD children, with both groups demonstrating increased activation for inverted faces. However, the groups did differ in several brain regions implicated in social cognition, particularly prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These data suggest that the behavioral differences in processing upright versus inverted faces for TD children are related not to visual information processing but to the social significance of the stimuli. Our results are consistent with other recent studies implicating frontal and limbic dysfunction during face processing in autism. (JINS, 2008, 14, 922–932.)
The impact of rapid economic growth and globalization on zinc nutrition in South Korea
Authors: Kwun In-Sook , Do Mi-Sook , Chung Hae-Rang , Kim Yang ha , Beattie John H 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveZn deficiency may be widespread in Asian countries such as South Korea. However, dietary habits have changed in response to rapid economic growth and globalization. Zn nutrition in South Koreans has therefore been assessed during a period (1969–1998) of unprecedented economic growth.Design and methodsCross-sectional food consumption data from the Korean National Nutrition Survey Reports (KNNSR) of South Korea at four separate time points (1969, 1978, 1988 and 1998) were used to calculate Zn, Ca and phytate intakes using various food composition tables, databases and literature values. Nutrient values in local foods were cited from their analysed values.ResultsAverage Zn intake was 5·8, 4·8 and 5·3 mg/d for 1969, 1978 and 1988 respectively, increasing to 7·3 mg/d in 1998 (73 % of the Korean Dietary Reference Intake). The phytate:Zn molar ratio decreased from 21 to 8 during the study period. Dietary Zn depletion due to marked decreases in cereal consumption, particularly barley which has a low Zn bioavailability, was counterbalanced by marked increases in the consumption of meat and fish, which are also Zn-rich foods. Reduced phytate consumption coincident with increased Zn intake suggests that Zn bioavailability also improved, particularly by 1998.ConclusionsAlthough total Zn intake was not greatly affected over the initial period of economic growth in South Korea (1969–1988), Zn contributions from different food sources changed markedly and both Zn intake and potential bioavailability were improved by 1998. The study may have implications for Zn nutrition in other Asian countries currently experiencing rapid economic growth.
Amino acid synthesis in Europa's subsurface environment
Authors: Abbas Sam H. , Schulze-Makuch Dirk 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt has been suggested that Europa's subsurface environment may provide a haven for prebiotic evolution and the development of exotic biotic systems. The detection of hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, water, hydrates and related species on the surface, coupled with observed mobility of icebergs, suggests the presence of a substantial subsurface liquid reservoir that actively exchanges materials with the surface environment. The atmospheric, surface and subsurface environments are described with their known chemistry. Three synthetic schemes using hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid and hydrocyanic acid leading to the production of larger biologically important molecules such as amino acids are described. Metabolic pathways based on properties of the subsurface ocean environment are detailed. Tidal heating, osmotic gradients, chemical cycling, as well as hydrothermal vents, provide energy and materials that may support a course of prebiotic evolution leading to the development or sustenance of simple biotic systems. Putative organisms may employ metabolic pathways based on chemical oxidation–reduction cycles occurring in the putative subsurface ocean environment.
Religious Legacies, Churches, and the Shaping of Immigration Policies in the Age of Religious Diversity
Authors: Minkenberg Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWestern democracies are undergoing a process of extraordinary religious and cultural pluralization which is largely a result of an intensified immigration over the last decades. This article analyzes in a structural and an actor-oriented perspective the way in which religion affects the immigration policies in 19 Western democracies. Based on a typology of immigration regimes in 19 Western democracies, the article asks what role Christian legacies (Catholic and Protestant traditions, church-state regimes, Christian parties) and churches (both Catholic and Protestant) play in bringing about particular immigration policies. It follows the “family of nations” concept in comparative policy research (F. Castles) and argues that the interplay of nation building, religious traditions and church-state-relations affect churches' role in the making of immigration policy. This role signifies a disjuncture between the countries' general patterns of religious traditions and immigration policies on the one hand, and the actual policy positions and effects of churches on the other.
The Bishops and Their Flock: John Kerry and the Case of Catholic Voters in 2004
Authors: Hofstetter C. Richard , Ayers John W. , Perry Robert 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study evaluates the extent to which the 2004 well publicized Catholic Bishops' warnings and the Church Doctrinal Note mandating that parishioners oppose candidates who supported policies contrary to Church doctrine influenced Catholic support for presidential candidate John Kerry. Data were drawn from a 2004 national survey of 493 Catholic adults using random digit dial procedures and commissioned byTimemagazine. Multivariate analyses indicate that the influence of the Bishops' warnings and the Doctrinal Note diverged by respondents' religious belief. Liberal Catholics exposed to these messages were more likely to support Kerry while conservative Catholics exposed to these messages were more likely to support Bush. The net effect of leaders' messages appeared to have helped rather than hurt Kerry. Our findings point to a multiplicity of effects for religious leaders' messages and should provide a note of caution for religious leaders who take pronounced stances on political affairs.
The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA): Online Research Data, Tools and References
Authors: Finke Roger , Adamczyk Amy 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) currently archives over 500 local, national, and international data files, and offers a wide range of research tools to build surveys, preview data online, develop customized maps and reports of United States church membership, and examine religion differences across nations and regions of the world. The ARDA also supports reference and teaching tools that draw on the rich data archive. This research article offers a brief introduction to the quantitative data available for exploration or download, and a few of the website features most useful for research and teaching. Supported by the Lilly Endowment, the John Templeton Foundation, the Pennsylvania State University, and the Baylor Institute for Studies of Religion, all data downloads and online services are free of charge.
Assisting natural forest regeneration in Northern Ethiopia: one measure is not enough
Authors: Aerts Raf , November Eva , Hermy Martin , Deckers Jozef , Haile Mitiku , Muys Bart 
Published: October 2008

AbstractManagement strategies aimed at rehabilitating degraded and cleared forests often rely on temporary or permanent exclusion of herbivores (wild animals, livestock or both). But in many cases, this simple management technique is not sufficient to induce ecosystem restoration: many negative effects keep the ecosystem in a suboptimal, low biomass state. The presence of such stable states requires restoration measures to act on multiple stress factors simultaneously.Compensating for all limiting factors is neither practically nor economically feasible. But detailed knowledge about the autoecology of tree species – i.e. their site requirements, regeneration strategies and recruitment dynamics – may be used to tailor management to the most pertinent problems. Here we illustrate this approach with results from forest restoration experiments in grazing exclosures in northern Ethiopia using African wild olive (Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata) as a representative Afromontane climax species.The recruitment of African wild olive is affected by seed limitation, restricted seed dispersal and germination and survival limitation. The exclusion of grazing animals as a single measure to restore forest is not enough. Degraded grazing land moves into a state dominated by persistent shrubs, arresting forest succession and discouraging local stakeholders. Direct sowing or planting of seedlings in fertile patches under selected pioneer shrubs, however, may help to overcome this form of bush encroachment, in particular during years with an above-average rainfall.
Assessment of health‐related quality of life: Swedish version of polycystic ovary syndrome questionnaire
Authors: JEDEL ELIZABETH , KOWALSKI JAN , STENER‐VICTORIN ELISABET 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. Polycystic ovary syndrome questionnaire (PCOSQ) was developed in USA to ascertain specific health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The Swedish version of PCOSQ should be tested prior to its use in research and clinical practice and the aims of the study were as follows: (a) determine the test–retest reliability and (b) confirm the domain structure of the Swedish version of PCOSQ; a 26‐item questionnaire, divided into the five domains: emotions, body hair, weight concerns, infertility concerns and menstrual irregularities. Methods. PCOSQ translation from English to Swedish was followed by a test–retest and a factor analysis of obtained PCOSQ completed twice by 69 women with PCOS. Results. The median age was 30 (21–37) years. The Kappa (κ) statistic for the five domains ranged from 0.29 to 0.69 demonstrating fair to good agreement among items. The Intra‐class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for the five domains was high to excellent ranging from 0.79 to 0.96. The factor analysis presented six domains and the original domain structure was partly confirmed. Conclusions. The Swedish version of PCOSQ is reliable and can be used to measure HRQL in PCOS. Researchers and clinicians should be aware of the benefits of PCOSQ.
Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and maternal weight gain by the mid‐second trimester for prediction of fetal growth restriction
Authors: KWON HAN‐SUNG , KIM YOUNG‐HAN , PARK YONG‐WON 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. To investigate whether assessment of maternal weight gain up to mid‐second trimester improves the predictive value of uterine artery Doppler velocimetry (UAD) for the prediction of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Setting. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Design. Prospective Doppler measurements coupled to retrospective chart review. Population. A total of 10,970 women delivering at the institution. Outcome measures. Maternal weight gain up to mid‐second trimester and Doppler ultrasonography on bilateral uterine arteries between 20 and 24 weeks’ gestation. Low weight gain was defined as <0.2 kg/week and FGR as birthweight of <10th percentile. Results. ith that combined with the measurement of maternal weight gain for the prediction of the FGR. The odd ratios for FGR were 2.56 (95% CI 1.59–4.12) in the group with normal UAD and abnormal weight gain (normal‐abnormal group), 1.91 (95% CI 0.98–3.7) in the abnormal‐normal group and 40.3 (95% CI 16.9–96.4) in the abnormal‐abnormal group. UAD independent of weight gain had a sensitivity of 31.5%, a specificity of 88%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 24.5% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.2%. When mid‐trimester maternal weight gain was accounted for, the sensitivity of UAD was 64.9%, specificity 64.1%, PPV 73.3% and NPV 93.6%. Conclusion. The diagnostic performance of UAD for FGR improved significantly when the degree of maternal weight gain until the mid‐second trimester was taken into account. Closer antenatal surveillance might be required in women with abnormal uterine Doppler velocimetry if their mid‐second trimester weight gain is poor.
The use of non‐three‐layer ultrasound in biopsy recommendation for premenopausal women
Authors: ABE MASAKAZU , OGAWA HIROSHI , AYHAN AYSE 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. To evaluate diagnostic accuracy and timing of abnormal transvaginal ultrasonography for the recommendation of endometrial biopsy among premenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Design. Two‐hundred and thirteen transvaginal ultrasonograms of premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding were retrospectively evaluated. Main outcome measures. ‘Abnormal’ ultrasonography was defined as either non‐three‐layer appearance during the proliferative phase or thickening ≥15mm during the secretory/unknown phase. Findings were assessed on the basis of the histological diagnosis of the biopsies taken as the reference standard. Accuracy of the defined criteria with their likelihood ratio for detection of an endometrial disease was calculated. Results. Abnormal histopathologic findings were detected in 147 (69%) of 213 patients. ‘Abnormal’ transvaginal ultrasonography criteria could detect disease states in 90.3% of patients with a sensitivity of 94.6% and a specificity of 77.2% (p <0.01). Sensitivity and specificity increased to 97.1 and 84.4% for ultrasonography conducted during the proliferative phase and were 60 and 61.9% for the secretory/unknown phase, respectively. Better results were clearly found for ultrasonograms obtained during the proliferative phase (p <0.01). The inclusion of post‐biopsy proliferative phase transvaginal ultrasonography data of the following cycle resulted in a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 89.4%. Conclusions. The application of transvaginal ultrasonography using non‐three‐layer criteria is a highly accurate first step for the selection of premenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, which may reduce the number of unnecessary endometrial biopsies by approximately 25%. Proliferative phase evaluation is preferable.
Prospective follow‐up of menstrual disorders in adolescence and prognostic factors
Authors: WIKSTEN‐ALMSTRÖMER MARIANNE , HIRSCHBERG ANGELICA LINDÉN , HAGENFELDT KERSTIN 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. Clinical follow‐up of menstrual status and eating behavior in grown‐up women diagnosed with menstrual disturbance in adolescence. Design. Prospective follow‐up study six years after the initial study. Setting. A youth clinic that is part of the school health system in Stockholm. Population. Eighty‐seven women diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea in adolescence. Methods. Subjects underwent gynecological examination, evaluation of eating behavior and endocrine status. Main outcome measures. Menstrual status and eating behavior changes. Results. Menstrual disturbances were still present in 62% of the subjects not using hormonal contraception, 59% of which fulfilled the criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The frequency of persistent menstrual disturbance was significantly more common in women with previous oligomenorrhea than secondary amenorrhea. The occurrence of eating disorders was decreased by half to 31% in women diagnosed with secondary amenorrhea at the initial study, whereas it was unchanged (40%) in women with previous oligomenorrhea. Recovery from anorectic behavior, primarily in the group of secondary amenorrhea, significantly predicted resumption with menses. Conclusion. Menstrual disturbances and eating disorders were still frequent after six years in a follow‐up of women who had menstrual disturbance in adolescence. PCOS was the main cause explaining persistent menstrual disorder, whereas recovery of anorectic eating disorders predicted resumption of menses. The findings call for a continued follow‐up of women diagnosed with menstrual disturbance in their teens.
Division of Innovative Labor Between the U.S. and Japan in Asia‐Pacific Technology Markets: Evidence from the Licensing Contracts of American and Japanese Firms with Korean Firms*
Authors: Kim Taekwon 
Published: October 2008

This paper empirically investigates the role of the U.S. and Japan in the Asia‐Pacific technology market, in particular, their relationship with Korea based on a survey data set.Korean firms tend to import their technologies from the U.S. rather than from Japan for new business expansion and enhancing technological capabilities, while Japanese technol‐ogies are more likely to be imported for domestic market expansion through quality improvement and production capacity expansion. The relationship between the licensor and licensee is more likely to be vertical for the technologies imported from the U.S. than Japanese ones. Compared with the technologies from the U.S., Japanese technologies are cheaper and are easier to find alternatives. The licensees that imported technologies from Japan tend to care more about the current or ongoing relation‐ship with existing relational networks such as the existing licensor and/or joint‐venture partners as the information channel for technology import decisions. U.S. technologies have been more likely to be the pathfinder for Korean companies in developing new markets, developing new products, upgrading technological capabilities. Technologies from the U.S. and Japan have been utilized for different market segments with different strategic purposes.
Important Economic Issues Affecting Japan and its Pan‐Asian Relationships
Authors: Hatakeyama Noboru 
Published: October 2008

Restructuring within big companies other than banks is almost over. In most cases, large manufacturers are finished with layoffs, reduction of debts, and curtailment of excessive capacities. However, SMEs, service industries, banks and the agricultural sector are still in need of new methodologies and structures to enhance growth and productivity.Structural reform pursued by GOJ has done a good job in reducing public works. Money and resources, including workers, previously allocated to the public works has been shifted to more constructive areas after necessary arrangements.However; deregulation or regulatory reform, an important part of structural reform, has not been properly prioritized. Time and resources for structural reform is limited. Top priority should be given to deregulatory practices that will lead to increased efective demands in Japan b marketplace, and within Asian and international markets.
Investigation of molecular markers in the diagnosis of refractory coeliac disease in a large patient cohort: Table 1
Authors: O’Shea U , Abuzakouk M , O’Morain C , O’Donoghue D , Sheahan K , Watson P , O’Briain S , Alexander D , Catherwood M , Jackson J , Kelly J , Feighery C 
Published: October 2008

Aims:Some patients with coeliac disease, despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, continue to have significant symptoms and/or a severe small intestinal histological lesion. The term “refractory coeliac disease” (rCD) is used to describe this condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of tissue molecular markers reported to help in the diagnosis of rCD.Methods:Details on 61 patients with suspected rCD were collected. The clinical and laboratory findings in these patients were carefully evaluated, in part to determine whether patients were adhering to a strict gluten-free diet. The co-expression of CD3 and CD8 on intraepithelial lymphocytes was investigated by monoclonal antibody staining of small intestinal biopsy tissue; a finding of less than 50% CD3+ cells co-expressing CD8 was defined as an aberrant phenotype. T cell receptor gene rearrangement was assessed when a sufficient tissue sample was available.Results:A diagnosis of rCD was made in 38 patients based on clinical, laboratory and histological data. An aberrant intraepithelial lymphocyte population was found in 20 of these patients and in this group a clonal T cell population was found in five of seven patients tested. In the remaining 18 patients, the CD3/CD8 ratio was normal and two of seven tested had a clonal T cell population. After detailed monitoring, a diagnosis of rCD was excluded in the remaining 23 patients.Conclusions:This study supports the use of phenotypic and T cell clonality investigations in identifying patients with true rCD.
Deficient leucocyte antisedimentation is related to post-stroke infections and outcome
Authors: Molnar T , Peterfalvi A , Szereday L , Pusch G , Szapary L , Komoly S , Bogar L , Illes Z 
Published: October 2008

Background:Patients with stroke are more susceptible to infections, suggesting possible deficiencies of early immune responses, particularly of leucocytes.Aims:To serially examine leucocyte antisedimentation rate (LAR), a simple test to detect activation of leucocytes, and correlate it with S100β, procalcitonin and outcome in patients with acute ischaemic events.Methods:Venous blood samples were taken from 61 healthy volunteers and 49 patients with acute ischaemic events (acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), n = 38; transient ischaemic attack (TIA), n = 11) within 6 hours, at 24 and 72 hours after onset of symptoms.Results:LAR was significantly higher in acute ischaemic events compared to controls within 6 hours after onset of stroke regardless of post-stroke infections. In addition, the increase of LAR was delayed and attenuated in TIA in contrast to AIS. A deficiency in early increase of LAR was associated with post-stroke infections and a poor outcome, measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale in AIS. There was a positive correlation between LAR and S100β at 72 hours after the onset of ischaemic stroke. Increased levels of S100β at 24 and 72 hours after stroke were associated with poor outcome.Conclusions:An early activation of leucocytes indicated by an increase of LAR is characteristic of acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events. A delayed and ameliorated leucocyte activation represented by LAR is characteristic of TIA in contrast to stroke. Deficient early activation predisposes to post-stroke infections related to poor outcome. In addition, the extent of tissue injury correlates with the magnitude of innate immune responses.