bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggrecan components differentially modulate nerve growth factor–responsive and neurotrophin‐3‐responsive dorsal root ganglion neurite growth
Authors: Chan Carmen C. M. , Roberts Clive R. , Steeves John D. , Tetzlaff Wolfram 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAggrecan is one of the major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) expressed in the central nervous system. The signaling pathways activated downstream of cell interaction with aggrecan and with CSPGs in general and the importance of chondroitin sulfate–glycosaminoglycan side chains in their inhibition are unclear. Therefore, to analyze the effect of different components of aggrecan in inhibiting neurite growth, neurite outgrowth was quantified in an in vitro model in which chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants were grown on substrates containing aggrecan bound to hyaluronan and link protein as a macromolecular aggregate, aggrecan monomers, hyaluronan, or ChABC‐treated aggrecan. Aggrecan aggregate, aggrecan monomer, and hyaluronan inhibited neurite outgrowth from nerve growth factor (NGF)– and neurotrophin‐3 (NT3)–responsive DRG neurons. Aggrecan inhibition was dependent on its chondroitin sulfate–glycosaminoglycans, as ChABC digestion alleviated neurite inhibition because of aggrecan. Growth cones displayed full or partial collapse on aggrecan aggregate, hyaluronan, and ChABC‐treated aggrecan. Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 increased neurite growth on some but not all of the aggrecan components tested. With NGF in the culture medium, Y27632 increased neurite outgrowth on aggrecan aggregate, monomers, and ChABC‐treated aggrecan, but not on hyaluronan. The ROCK inhibitor also increased NT3‐responsive outgrowth on aggrecan aggregate and hyaluronan, but not on ChABC‐treated aggrecan. This study showed that the matrix proteoglycan aggrecan and its components have multiple effects on neurite outgrowth and that some of these effects involve the Rho/ROCK pathway. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental expression profile of quaking, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, and its target genes in human prefrontal cortex and hippocampus shows regional specificity
Authors: Lauriat Tara L. , Shiue Lily , Haroutunian Vahram , Verbitsky Miguel , Ares Manuel , Ospina Luz , McInnes L. Alison 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDecreased expression of oligodendrocyte/myelin‐related (OMR) genes, including quaking (QKI), is a consistent finding in gene expression studies of post‐mortem brain from subjects with schizophrenia, and these changes are most prominent in the hippocampus vs. the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Although expression of QKI and other OMR genes has been examined in rodents, little is known about their developmental trajectory in the human brain. Therefore, we examined expression of QKI and several putative mRNA targets of QKI in human PFC and hippocampus at different ages. The pattern of QKI expression in the PFC resembled that reported in rodents, with high QKI‐5 in the fetal brain and an increase in QKI‐6 and QKI‐7 during the period of active myelination, although QKI‐5 expression did not decrease substantially during postnatal development in the PFC in humans as it does in rodent brain. Most of the putative QKI target genes also showed linear increases in expression with increasing age in the PFC. In contrast, expression of these genes showed little evidence of developmental regulation in the hippocampus. Correlations between expression levels of the nuclear vs. cytoplasmic QKI isoforms, and putative splicing targets of the former, also differed between tissues. Thus, we speculate that a robust increase in OMR gene expression normally occurs with age in the PFC, but not in the hippocampus, which may explain why decreases in OMR gene expression in schizophrenia are more pronounced in the latter tissue. We also suggest that OMR transcripts might be processed by different splicing proteins in different tissues. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validation of a numerical model for urban energy‐exchange using outdoor scale‐model measurements
Authors: Kawai Toru , Kanda Manabu , Narita Kenichi , Hagishima Aya 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objectives of our study are (1) to evaluate the simple urban energy balance model for mesoscale simulation (SUMM) using such data that are free from many real world uncertainties in respect to spatial variability in material, geometry, and land use, and (2) to analyse the sensitivity of land surface parameters (LSP), which are used in the model. The model was evaluated using the data obtained from comprehensive outdoor scale‐model (COSMO) experiments during a period, which covers roughly half of a year (winter and spring‐early summer) including various wind conditions. SUMM simulated surface layer energy fluxes, surface temperature, and interior temperature fairly well under windy conditions while it underestimated sensible heat flux under calm conditions. On average, simulated sensible heat flux underestimated observed value by 30% (0.73 MJ m−2 d−1) in daytime. Errors of net radiation (4%; 0.40 MJ m−2 d−1) and heat storage (5%; 0.33 MJ m−2 d−1) were smaller than that of sensible heat flux in daytime. This underestimation of sensible heat flux can be attributed to the inadequate parameterization of the surface layer bulk transfer coefficient used in SUMM under calm conditions. On the basis of the sensitivity analyses, parameterization of the surface layer bulk transfer coefficient using Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) shows that the model performance is very sensitive to this coefficient, while it is less sensitive to the relative values of the bulk transfer coefficients of local faces. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Gel‐enhancing effect and protein cross‐ linking ability of tilapia sarcoplasmic proteins
Authors: Yongsawatdigul Jirawat , Piyadhammaviboon Penprabha 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sarcoplasmic proteins contain substantial transglutaminase (TGase) activity. The enzyme catalyzes the protein cross‐linking reaction, resulting in a more elastic gel. The objective was to investigate the gel‐enhancing effect of sarcoplasmic proteins from tilapia as related to TGase activity.RESULTS: Total TGase activity of sarcoplasmic proteins concentrate (SpC) increased about 3.6‐fold after ultrafiltration using 30 kDa membrane, but specific activity remained unchanged, indicating minimal TGase purification by ultrafiltration. Addition of 1 mg mL−1 SpC containing 40 units TGase activity induced cross‐linking of tilapia actomyosin, and the extent of cross‐linking increased with added level of SpC. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) and troponin were preferably cross‐linked by tilapia SpC, while actin and tropomyosin were not affected. Higher retention of MHC was observed concomitantly with greater content of cross‐linked protein when SpC was added to lizardfish surimi. Lizardfish surimi with 10 g kg−1 SpC added and pre‐incubated at 37 °C for 1 h exhibited 91.6% and 26.7% increase in breaking force and deformation, respectively, when compared to the control.CONCLUSIONS: Residual TGase activity in SpC played an important role in catalyzing the protein cross‐linking and enhancing actomyosin gelation. SpC could be a potential ingredient for improving textural properties of fish protein gel. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of sowing and harvesting dates on yield and some quality characteristics of crops in sugar beet/cereal rotation system
Authors: Öztürk Özden , Topal Ali , Akınerdem Fikret , Akgün Necdet 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cereals are the main crops in rotation following sugar beet harvest. However, a delay in planting winter cereals as a result of late sugar beet harvest is a disadvantage in sugar beet/cereal rotations. In this study, field trials were carried out to investigate the effects of sowing and harvesting dates on the yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cereals (wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and six‐rowed barley, Hordeum vulgare L.) during two consecutive years. Beet was sown on three dates and harvested on four dates, followed by cereals which were sown on four dates. Root yield and digestion ratio (sugar beet) and grain yield, 1000‐kernel weight, test weight and protein content (wheat and barley) were determined.RESULTS: The highest root yield (52.53 t ha−1) was obtained from early sown (5 April) and late harvested (1 November) beet, while the highest digestion ratio (17.4%) was obtained from late sown (3 May) and late harvested (1 November) beet. Lower cereal grain yields were obtained from later sowings. The highest grain yields (5.87 and 6.02 t ha−1) were obtained from earlier sown wheat. Protein content was also affected by sowing date, which appeared to be very important under unstable climatic conditions.CONCLUSION: It is essential to consider the timing of sowing of cereal crops when unstable climatic conditions are present. Hence sowing date recommendations in regular climatic conditions may be misleading for countries dependent on winter rainfall for cereal production. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlled RAFT Polymerization of N‐Vinylphthalimide and its Hydrazinolysis to Poly(vinyl amine)
Authors: Maki Yuya , Mori Hideharu , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolymerization of NVPI was carried out by a RAFT process using five xanthate‐type, a dithiocarbamate‐type, and a dithioester‐type CTA. The xanthate‐type [O‐ethyl‐S‐(1‐ethoxy carbonyl) ethyl dithiocarbonate and O‐ethyl‐S‐(1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1‐methyl)ethyl dithiocarbonate] and the dithiocarbamate‐type CTA (benzyl‐1‐pyrrolecarbodithioate) were the most efficient to obtain poly(NVPI) with controlled molecular weights ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 4 100–13 000) and low polydispersities ($\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 1.29–1.38). The effects of parameters such as solvent, temperature, and CTA‐to‐initiator molar ratio, were examined in order to determine the conditions leading to optimal control of the polymerization.magnified image
Synergistic Ordering of Side‐Group Liquid Crystal Polymer and Small Molecule Liquid Crystal: Order and Phase Behavior of Nematic Polymer Solutions
Authors: Scruggs Neal R. , Kornfield Julia A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAddition of a small‐molecule liquid crystal (5CB) to a cyanobiphenyl‐based side‐group liquid crystal polymer (SGLCP) stabilizes nematic order, increasing the isotropization temperature (TNI) more than 15 °C. Despite synergistic ordering at high concentration, small amounts of polymer destabilize nematic order. Even thoughTNI(SGLCP) is 27 °C greater thanTNI(5CB),2H NMR shows that the order parameter of the SGLCP is less than that of 5CB at concentrations for which monodomains were accessible (≤10 wt.‐%). The results imply that nematic order is frustrated in the bulk polymer and addition of small molecule LC relaxes this frustration by allowing greater configurational freedom. Conversely, adding small amounts of polymer to the bulk 5CB introduces frustration, resulting in the strong asymmetry of the phase diagram.magnified image
Motivational interviewing in musculoskeletal care
Authors: Shannon Robert , Hillsdon Melvyn 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMotivational interviewing is a patient‐centred counselling method designed to build motivation for behaviour change by resolving ambivalence. It was developed in the addictions field and has since been applied to medical and health promotion settings. This paper will provide a brief overview of the method and will discuss how it may be used in consultations for patients with musculoskeletal problems to increase engagement with treatment and to build motivation for helpful behaviour change. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surrogate therapeutic outcome measures in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Zinman Lorne , Baryshnik Devra , Bril Vera 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTreatment of acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) with immunotherapies successfully relieves symptoms and improves strength as documented by the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis Score for disease severity (QMGS). Neuromuscular function, as demonstrated by the surrogate measures of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG), is sensitive for diagnosis and staging disease severity. This study of 51 patients treated with immunomodulation confirmed that RNS and SFEMG are useful to stage disease severity, but found that clinical measures such as the QMGS are more sensitive to change than electrophysiological parameters. The presence of blocking on SFEMG did predict responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, providing clinicians with an objective, reliable, quantitative measure to help determine which patients will benefit from this costly treatment. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin infusion: A new therapeutic option in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Lee De‐Hyung , Linker Ralf A. , Paulus Walter , Schneider‐Gold Christiane , Chan Andrew , Gold Ralf 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntravenous application of immunoglobulins (IVIg) is an effective and usually well tolerated yet costly therapeutic regimen in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). We report two CIDP patients treated with subcutaneous infusion of immunoglobulins (SCIg) after IVIg therapy was shown to be effective. Application of SCIg was well tolerated, easy to manage, and led to stabilization of the disease course. SCIg may represent an effective new therapeutic option in CIDP and is associated with a cost reduction of at least 50% compared to IVIg therapy. Muscle Nerve, 2007
A non‐iterative derivation of the common plane for contact detection of polyhedral blocks
Authors: Chang Shu‐Wei , Chen Chuin‐Shan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA non‐iterative derivation for finding the common plane between two polyhedral blocks is presented. By exploiting geometric relations between the normal of a plane and the closest vertex on a block, the common plane can be resolved without resorting to an iterative method. To facilitate derivations, normals in half‐space are decomposed into finite subsets in which each subset corresponds to the same closest vertex on a block. The gap function, originally dependent on the normal and the two closest vertices, becomes a function of the normal only. To compute the gap for a given normal subset, the maximum theorem and the maximum projection theorem are introduced. The maximum theorem reduces finding the maximum in a subset to its boundary. Calculating the gap in 2D in a given subset thus reduces to checking two inner products. The maximum projection theorem further reduces finding the maximum on a 3D boundary to an explicit form. Three numerical examples are used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed scheme. The example in which the blocks are in contact further shows the existence of a local maximum while calculating the gap and illustrates the potential deficiencies in using the Cundall's iterative scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element modelling of inverse design problems in large deformations anisotropic hyperelasticity
Authors: Fachinotti Víctor D. , Cardona Alberto , Jetteur Philippe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper introduces a finite element model for the inverse design of pieces with large displacements in the elastic range. The problem consists in determining the initial shape of the piece, such that it attains the designed shape under the effect of service loads. The model is particularly focused on the design of parts with a markedly anisotropic behavior, like laminated turbine blades. Although the formulation expresses equilibrium on the distorted configuration, it uses a standard constitutive equations library that is expressed as usual for measures attached to the undistorted configuration. In this way, the modifications to a standard finite elements code are limited to the routines for the computation of the finite element internal forces and tangent matrix. Two examples are given, the first one for validation purposes, while the second is an application which has industrial interest for the design of turbine blades. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphase modeling of dynamic fluid–structure interaction during close‐in explosion
Authors: Xie W. F. , Young Y. L. , Liu T. G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) developed by Liu et al. (J. Comput. Phys. 2003; 190:651–681) provides us a robust method to treat moving compressible gas–gas and gas–liquid interfaces. Recently, the MGFM was extended to treat compressible fluid‐compressible structure interfaces, where the structure was assumed to be very thick or infinitely thick (Comput. Mech. 2007; 40:667–681). In this work, the MGFM is applied to investigate the complex physics that occur during an underwater explosion inside a fluid‐filled cylinder. Owing to the refraction of strong rarefaction waves at the fluid–structure interface and inside the thin cylinder wall, cavitation occurs next to the cylinder wall in the fluid; simultaneously, solid tension waves may appear next to the fluid–structure interface inside the structure. Both phenomena tend to cause the implicit double‐shock approximate Riemann problem solver (the key component used to predict the fluid–structure interface status in the MGFM) to work less effectively in regions of low pressure and to be invalid when tension waves appear in the vicinity of the fluid–structure interface. To overcome these mentioned difficulties, the MGFM will be further developed in this work. Owing to the high initial pressure, short duration and high intensity of the shock load and cavitation reload, the compressibility of the structure becomes important, and the cylinder can be modeled as a compressible fluid‐like medium. The hydro‐elasto‐plastic equation of state is, thus, used to describe the constitutive behavior of the compressible solid cylinder. A systematic study of the cavitation reload is conducted to examine the influence of the wall material, wall thickness, explosion distance, and explosion strength on the fluid and structural responses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma progressing to severe systemic disease with myocardial involvement and central nervous system infiltration
Authors: Rannan‐Eliya Yi Fan , Pulford Karen , Johnson Rob , Peart Ian , Kokai George , Baillie Colin , Ait‐Tahar Kamel , Pizer Barry 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare tumor comprising around 10–15% of childhood lymphomas. We describe the case of a female who initially presented with localized skin disease associated with an insect bite. However, she subsequently relapsed with widespread systemic ALK‐positive ALCL that included lymphoma deposits in the myocardium, a very rare manifestation. Her disease responded well to chemotherapy but she later developed a fatal relapse in the CNS. We also present data on an immune response to ALK, demonstrating a fluctuation in the levels of circulating antibodies to ALK corresponding to the different phases of her illness. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:879–881. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial testing of dasatinib by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Houghton Peter J. , Morton Christopher L. , Lock Richard B. , Tajbakhsh Mayamin , Reynolds C. Patrick , Maris John M. , Keir Stephen T. , Billups Catherine A. , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundDasatinib, a dual inhibitor of the src and abl tyrosine kinases, was recently approved by the Federal Drug Administration for the treatment of imatinib mesylate‐resistant chronic myeloid leukemia.ProceduresDasatinib was tested against the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) in vitro panel at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 1.0 µM and was tested in vivo at a dose of 50 mg/kg administered orally twice daily 5 days per week for 4 weeks for the solid tumor xenografts and once daily for the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) xenografts.ResultsDasatinib was selectively active against the cell lines of the PPTP in vitro panel, reaching an IC50 in 6 of the 22 lines. The most sensitive were the AML line Kasumi‐1, which has a gain‐of‐function c‐Kit mutation (Asn822Lys), and the rhabdoid tumor line CHLA‐266 (IC50 approximately 10 nM for each). In the in vivo panel, dasatinib induced significant differences in EFS distribution in 8 of 32 (25%) solid tumor models and 3 of 7 ALL models. Using the time to event activity measure, dasatinib had intermediate activity against 1 of 27 (4%) evaluable solid tumor xenografts and 3 of 7 ALL xenografts. One xenograft in the ALL panel, a Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) ALL xenograft, demonstrated a complete response.ConclusionsDasatinib was active at low nanomolar concentrations against a small subset of the PPTP's in vitro panel. Dasatinib had limited in vivo activity against the PPTP solid tumor xenografts, but was highly active against a Ph+ ALL xenograft and also had anti‐leukemia activity against two other xenografts. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1198–1206. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HUPO BPP pilot study: A proteomics analysis of the mouse brain of different developmental stages
Authors: Wang Jing , Gu Yong , Wang Lihong , Hang Xingyi , Gao Yan , Wang Hangyan , Zhang Chenggang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study is a part of the HUPO Brain Proteome Project (BPP) pilot study, which aims at obtaining a reliable database of mouse brain proteome, at the comparison of techniques, laboratories, and approaches as well as at preparing subsequent proteome studies of neurologic diseases. The C57/Bl6 mouse brains of three developmental stages at embryonic day 16 (E16), postnatal day 7 (P7), and 8 wk (P56) (n = 5 in each group) were provided by the HUPO BPP executive committee. The whole brain proteins of each animal were individually prepared using 2‐DE coupled with PDQuest software analysis. The protein spots representing developmentally related or stably expressed proteins were then prepared with in‐gel digestion followed with MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS/MS and analyzed using the MASCOT search engines to search the Swiss‐Prot or NCBInr database. The 2‐DE gel maps of the mouse brains of all of the developmental stages were obtained and submitted to the Data Collection Centre (DCC). The proteins α‐enolase, stathmin, actin, C14orf166 homolog, 28 000 kDa heat‐ and acid‐stable phosphoprotein, 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase and 40 S ribosomal protein S3a were successfully identified. A further Western blotting analysis demonstrated that enolase is a protein up‐regulated in the mouse brain from embryonic stage to adult stage. These data are helpful for understanding the proteome changes in the development of the mouse brain.