bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptable cascaded registration for personalized maxilla completion and cleft defect volume estimation
Authors: Zhang Yungeng , Pei Yuru , Guo Yixiao , Chen Si , Zhou Zhi‐bo , Xu Tianmin , Zha Hongbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images provide high‐resolution insights into the underlying craniofacial anomaly in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP), requiring non‐negligible annotation costs to measure the cleft defect for the guidance of the clinical secondary alveolar bone graft procedures. Considering the cumbersome volumetric image acquisition, there is a lack of paired CLP CBCTs and normal CBCTs for learning‐based anatomical structure restoration models. Nowadays, the registration‐based method relieves the annotation burden, though one‐shot registration and the regular mask are limited to handling fine‐grained shape variations and harmony between restored bony tissues and the defected maxilla.PurposeThis study aimed to design and evaluate a novel method for deformable partial registration of the CLP CBCTs and normal CBCTs, enabling personalized maxilla completion and cleft defect volume prediction from CLP CBCTs.MethodsWe proposed an adaptable deep registration framework for personalized maxilla completion and cleft defect volume prediction from CLP CBCTs. The key ingredient was a cascaded partial registration to exploit the maxillary morphology prior and attribute transfer. Cascaded registration with coarse‐to‐fine registration fields handled morphological variations of cleft defects and fine‐grained maxillary restoration. We designed an adaptable cleft defect mask and volumetric Boolean operators for reliable voxel filling of the defected maxilla. A total of 36 clinically obtained CLP CBCTs were used to train and validate the proposed model, among which 22 CLP CBCTs were used to generate a training dataset with 440 synthetic CBCTs by B‐spline deformation‐based data augmentation and the remaining for testing. The proposed model was evaluated on maxilla completion and cleft defect volume prediction from clinically obtained unilateral and bilateral CLP CBCTs.ResultsExtensive experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the adaptable cleft defect mask and the cascaded partial registration on maxilla completion and cleft defect volume prediction. The proposed method achieved state‐of‐the‐art performances with the Dice similarity coefficient of 0.90 0.02 on the restored maxilla and 0.84 0.04 on the estimated cleft defect, respectively. The average Hausdorff distance between the estimated cleft defect and the manually annotated ground truth was 0.30 0.08 mm. The relative volume error of the cleft defect was 0.08. The proposed model allowed for the prediction of cleft defect maps that were in line with the ground truth in the challenging unilateral and bilateral CLP CBCTs.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the proposed adaptable deep registration model enables patient‐specific maxilla completion and automatic annotation of cleft defects, relieving tedious voxel‐wise annotation and image acquisition burdens.
Is exercise therapy therighttreatment for rotator cuff‐related shoulder pain? Uncertainties, theory, and practice
Authors: Powell Jared K. , Lewis Jeremy , Schram Ben , Hing Wayne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExercise therapy is a popular non‐surgical treatment to help manage individuals with rotator cuff‐related shoulder pain (RCRSP) and is recommended in all clinical practice guidelines. Due to modest effect sizes, low quality evidence, uncertainty relating to efficacy, and mechanism(s) of benefit, exercise as a therapeutic intervention has been the subject of increasing scrutiny.AimsThe aim of this critical review is to lay out where the purported uncertainties of exercise for RCRSP exist by exploring the relevant quantitative and qualitative literature. We conclude by offering theoretical and practical considerations to help reduce the uncertainty of delivering exercise therapy in a clinical environment.Results and DiscussionUncertainty underpins much of the theory and practice of delivering exercise therapy for individuals with RCRSP. Nonetheless, exercise is an often‐valued treatment by individuals with RCRSP, when provided within an appropriate clinical context. We encourage clinicians to use a shared decision‐making paradigm and embrace a pluralistic model when prescribing therapeutic exercise. This may take the form of using exercise experiments to trial different exercise approaches, adjusting, and adapting the exercise type, load, and context based on the individual's symptom irritability, preferences, and goals.ConclusionWe contend that providing exercise therapy should remain a principal treatment option for helping individuals with RCRSP. Limitations notwithstanding, exercise therapy is relatively low cost, accessible, and often valued by individuals with RCRSP. The uncertainty surrounding exercise therapy requires ongoing research and emphasis could be directed towards investigating causal mechanisms to better understand how exercise may benefit an individual with RCRSP.
Symptom management experiences of Chinese individuals with Crohn's disease: A longitudinal descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Chen Lingxi , Zhou Yunxian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with Crohn's disease, a chronic lifelong condition, experience a dynamic or fluctuating process of developing symptom management behavior. However, less clear is how these individuals respond to and manage their symptoms over time. The aim of this study was to longitudinally explore the symptom management experiences of individuals with Crohn's disease in China. A longitudinal qualitative design was used. Eighteen individuals with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease were purposely selected. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted on four occasions over a 12‐month period. Interviews at each time point were transcribed and coded using conventional content analysis. Afterward, data analyses of each time point were compared longitudinally to form a holistic understanding. Three themes and eight subthemes emerged from the analysis: (1) disclosing symptoms strategically: voluntary disclosure, reluctance to disclose, no need to disclose; (2) decreasing vigilance in symptom prevention: preventing symptoms stringently, preventing symptoms discriminatively, preventing symptoms with decreased diligence; and (3) increasing autonomy in symptom treatment: actively seeking medical advice, self‐treatment and self‐observation. The participants were inclined to keep symptoms hidden from relatives and friends and showed a downward trend in actively disclosing physical discomfort to medical staff within the course of 1 year. The participants' attention to symptom prevention declined, but the enthusiasm and independence to eliminate symptoms on their own increased over time. Nurses could implement targeted interventions according to the characteristics of different periods to assist individuals with Crohn's disease in managing symptoms effectively, reducing symptom burden and improving their quality of life.
Grinding performance investigation of multidirectional CF/PEEK composites—A comparative with unidirectional CF/PEEK
Authors: Wen Zihang , Zhao Huan , Yan Xin , Li Pulin , Ding Han 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo distinguish the grinding performance of the multidirectional (MD) and unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) composites, MD and UD carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐etherether‐ketone (CF/PEEK) composites were employed in this study. Different ply stacking sequences and process parameters were set for grinding experiments. Subsequently, the surface morphologies and roughness were observed and measured. Experimental results indicated that the variations of grinding forces with grinding parameters of MD‐CF/PEEK and UD‐CF/PEEK were consistent. However, the heat transfer mechanism and the effects of grinding parameters on the maximum grinding temperatures were different between the two composites. The grinding forces and temperatures of MD‐CF/PEEK were slightly lower than UD‐CF/PEEK, and MD‐CF/PEEK reached better surface quality under the same parameters, indicating that the grinding performance of MD‐CF/PEEK was not the simple superposition of UD‐CF/PEEK. In addition, the chip formation and material removal mechanism of CF/PEEK were investigated. The grinding performance of MD‐CF/PEEK was primarily dependent on the θ elements of laminate while the grinding performance of UD‐CF/PEEK was closely related to the fiber orientation angles during grinding. This study established a more in‐depth understanding into the grinding performance of MD‐CF/PEEK and provided technical guidance for high‐quality grinding of CFRTP.Highlights
The grinding performance of the multidirectional (MD) and unidirectional (UD) carbon fiber‐reinforced poly‐etherether‐ketone (CF/PEEK) is compared.
The grinding forces and temperatures of MD‐CF/PEEK are slightly lower than that of UD‐CF/PEEK, and the MD‐CF/PEEK reach a better surface quality under the same grinding parameters.
The grinding performance of MD‐CF/PEEK is primarily dependent on the θ elements of laminate, and the change of layering order is not a critical factor.
The grinding performance of UD‐CF/PEEK is closely related to the fiber orientation angles during the grinding process.
The surface quality of MD‐CFRTP can be effectively improved by reducing the grinding depth and feed speed, and increasing the grinding wheel speed.
Elevation‐dependent tree growth response to climate in a natural Scots pine/downy birch forest in northern Sweden
Authors: Fassl Magdalena , Aakala Tuomas , Östlund Lars 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForests dominate the landscape at high latitudes in the boreal regions and contribute significantly to the global carbon stock. Large areas are protected and provide possibilities to analyze natural forest dynamics including resilience to climate change. In Fennoscandia, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) often coexist in natural forests close to the limits of their ecological ranges. Tree growth in these forests is generally thought to be limited by temperature, and changes in growth trends can therefore serve as early indicators of the impact of global warming on natural ecosystems. We sampled 592 Scots pine and downy birch trees along two elevational gradients spanning the transition from the forest zone to the coniferous treeline in Tjeggelvas nature reserve, northern Sweden. Based on the tree‐ring data, we compared annual basal area increment (BAI) trends from 1902 to 2021, analyzed the ring‐width indices (RWI) in relation to local climate data, and investigated trends in climate–growth relationships. We found that the mean annual growth of both species was higher in more recent years than at the beginning of the 20th century. The RWI were positively correlated with summer temperatures, however, we found a much stronger relationship for Scots pine than downy birch. We noticed a decrease in the importance of summer temperature for Scots pine growth, whereas the importance of late spring temperatures increased over the 120‐year‐long study period. Due to strongly positive BAI trends combined with a decrease in temperature sensitivity, the overall conclusion of our study is that the influence of increasing temperatures is still positive and outweighs the negative impacts of climate change on Scots pine growth in natural forests in northern Sweden, particularly at higher elevations. Natural forests are important natural experiments that contrast the managed forests and are key to understanding the latter.
Abundance and diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) grown in a Canadian research greenhouse
Authors: Ma Li , Elmhirst Janice F. , Darvish Rojin , Wegener Lisa A. , Henderson Deborah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMonk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii) is an herbaceous perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae family cultivated commercially mainly in southern China. There is very little information available about the fungal endophytes in monk fruit. In this study, monk fruit plants were grown from seeds in a research greenhouse at Kwantlen Polytechnic University in British Columbia, Canada to explore the abundance and diversity of their fungal endophytes. Fungal endophytes were isolated from seeds, seedlings, mature monk fruit plants, and fruits, and cultured on potato dextrose agar and water agar media. Isolates were identified by microscopic examination and BLAST comparison of ITS sequences to published sequences in GenBank. At least 150 species of fungal endophytes representing 60 genera and 20 orders were recovered from monk fruit tissues. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was carried out to explore the similarity of fungal communities among roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds based on fungal orders. Our study showed that monk fruit plants are a rich source of fungal endophytes with the greatest abundance and diversity in leaves. This work has deepened our understanding of the intricate interactions between plants and fungi that sustain ecosystems and underpin plant health and resilience.
3D printing of hybrid solid–liquid structures
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Min , Cipriani Ciera E. , Pentzer Emily B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract3D printing is a versatile technology for creating objects with custom geometries and compositions and is increasingly employed for fabricating hybrid solid–liquid composites (SLCs). These composites, comprising solid matrices with integrated liquid components, showcase unique properties such as enhanced flexibility and improved thermal and electrical conductivities. This review focuses on methods to fabricate SLCs directly by different 3D printing techniques, e.g. without needing to backfill or impregnate a porous matrix. The techniques of extrusion, vat photopolymerization and material jetting combined with microfluidics, inkjet printing, vacuum filling and ultraviolet light curing to produce SLCs are emphasized. We also discuss the development of feedstocks, focusing on emulsions and polymer capsules as fillers, and analyze current literature to highlight their significance. The review culminates in a perspective on new directions, highlighting the potential of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels) to facilitate the printing of continuous liquid pathways, alongside the importance of understanding ink formulation and stability. Concluding with future perspectives, we underline the transformative impact of 3D‐printed SLCs in diverse applications, signaling a significant advancement in the field. © 2024 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Unilateral pulmonary agenesis with ipsilateral facial congenital anomalies in an adult with obstructive airway disease
Authors: Gunathilaka Nilanthi , Bandara Harshana , Dissanayaka Tharindi , Sathiyamoorthy Sathiaruban , Gunasinghe Wathsala , Kularatne Saman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly which can be isolated or co‐exist with other developmental defects. Boyden et al has described three degrees of mal development of lung which include agenesis, hypoplasia and aplasia. Almost all the reported cases are in paediatric age group patients while, adults with pulmonary developmental abnormalities are sparsely documented in the literature. Interestingly, adult with coexisting hemifacial anomaly and pulmonary agenesis has not been reported in the medical literature. Here, we describe a middle‐aged female who initially presented with bronchial asthma and her chest radiography showed absent left lung which was later confirmed with enhanced CT imaging. Furthermore, she had ipsilateral hemi facial microsomia, microtia, facial nerve palsy and mixed sensory loss, left side large café au lait patch, splenicule and hemangioma in segment V/VI of the liver.
Lake survival of hatchery‐reared adfluvial brown trout—A case study in a large natural lake in Sweden
Authors: Palm Daniel , Lundberg Petter , Persson Lo , Losee James , Brodin Tomas , Hellström Gustav 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThroughout their native range, adfluvial brown trout populations have declined due to habitat degradation and over exploitation. As a consequence, numerous restoration projects that include stocking of hatchery‐reared trout have been conducted; however, estimates of survival in large lakes remain scarce. Here, we use telemetry to evaluate the survival of stocked trout smolts and sub‐adults in a large lake in central Sweden. Of the smolts released in the main tributary, 42% entered the lake. Both life stages suffered high rates of mortality. Only 8% of smolts survived the first 10 months after entering the lake and 10% of those released as sub‐adults survived 23 months post‐release. In agreement with studies on anadromous trout, we conclude that stocking of hatchery‐reared individuals is not an efficient method to recover population numbers due to poor performance in the wild. Similar studies from other large lakes and comparisons with wild conspecifics would increase the applicability of the results and promote further understanding of the utilization of hatchery‐origin trout to rebuild wild populations and sustain fisheries.
Nornicotine‐Typed Insecticides: The Potential Insecticides with Strong Activity Against Aedes Albopictus
Authors: Cao Fangfei , Deng Ying , Zhang Yanxin , Hu Pengfei , Song Xiaoping , Pan Beiyu , Zhong Yunsheng , Cen Yijing , Song Yiming , Liu Qingchao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAedes albopictus, the main vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, has caused significant public health concerns, but there are still few effective insecticides. Nicotine and nornicotine‐typed compounds are well‐known for their potential as an insecticide, which has potential activity against Ae. albopictus. Here we report the effects of nornicotine‐typed insecticide against larvae of Ae. albopictus. We developed a novel synthetic strategy for nicotine and nornicotine‐typed compounds. Novel compounds A1‐A8 and B1‐B26 were synthesized by the synthesized nornicotine. And bioassays indicated that most of these compounds exhibited good effects against larvae of Ae. albopictus, and compounds A3, B4, B20, and B26 had excellent activity against Ae. albopictus, and they were not toxic to humans according to other reports. After considering the cost, compounds B4, B20, and B26 could be potential lead compounds against Ae. albopictus and other Aedes mosquitoes.
Effortless Fabrication of Bi2O3‐Co3O4 Nanocomposite Catalyst: Harnessing Photocatalytic Power for Efficient Cationic Dye Degradation
Authors: Pradhan Debapriya , Nayak Nibedita , Kanar Monalisha , Kumar Dash Suresh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA cost‐effective and simple co‐precipitation approach was used to create an efficient photocatalyst Co3O4‐Bi2O3 with identical stoichiometry (1 : 1 of both Co3O4 and Bi2O3). XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM‐EDS, XPS, UV‐DRS, PL, BET, and TGA were used to characterize the produced material‘s structural and optical properties. The presence of a single phase spinel structure with a distinctive plane (311) was verified by the XRD peak of 2 at 36.9° for Co3O4‐Bi2O3. The SEM pictures revealed clustered consolidated spheres, suggesting particle homogeneity and high interconnectedness. The HR‐TEM and SAED pictures revealed an average crystallite size of 28 nm for the Co3O4‐Bi2O3 heterojunction. The UV‐DRS spectral data demonstrated a 2.1 eV reduction in band gap energy for Co3O4‐Bi2O3 (whereas Co3O4 is 2.4 eV and Bi2O3 is 2.7 eV). Under solar light irradiation, pristine Co3O4, Bi2O3, and Co3O4‐Bi2O3 composites were investigated for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite green (MG) dyes. By adjusting factors such as pH, starting dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and agitation duration, the optimal efficiency was determined. The acquired results showed Co3O4‐Bi2O3 ′s superior activity over both precursors. The composite obtained maximal degradation of 98 % (at pH=11) and 97 % (at pH=9) for MB and MG, respectively. The enhanced photo degradation activity of Co3O4‐Bi2O3 can be due to larger visible light absorption, increased surface area, and decreased h+/e− recombination. The reactive species trapping study was performed to determine the importance of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals during photo degradation. Dye degradation was governed by a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. The reusability and stability of Co3O4‐Bi2O3 were confirmed by utilizing the same material for five consecutive runs with both MB and MG dyes. Mass spectra analysis provided insights into the successful degradation of dyes, elucidating intermediate products. The synthesized Co3O4‐Bi2O3 nanocomposite offers unrivalled advantages in terms of structural and optical properties, superior photocatalytic activity, and remarkable stability, making it a promising candidate for efficient dye degradation applications without the formation of toxic by‐products.
Effect of emulsifier on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, faecal microbiology and blood biochemistry of broiler chickens fed low‐energy diets
Authors: Gholami Mohammadjavad , Shirzadi Hassan , Taherpour Kamran , Rahmatnejad Enayat , Shokri Alinaghi , Khatibjoo Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study hypothesizes that a natural multicomponent emulsifier (Lipidol) could improve production performance in broiler chickens by aiding lipid digestion and addressing digestive system limitations.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary emulsifier inclusion on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, faecal microbiology, blood biochemistry and liver enzyme activities of broiler chickens fed low‐energy diets.MethodsThe experiment involved 144 one‐day‐old male broiler chickens split into 4 treatments. Four diets were used: standard metabolizable energy (ME) as a control diet and three low‐ME diets, reducing by 100 kcal/kg by adding 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg of exogenous emulsifier (Em).ResultsNo significant differences were observed in body weight gain and feed intake. However, during the finisher period (25–42 days), supplementation emulsifier to low‐ME diets notably improved feed efficiency. Although crude protein, organic matter and ash digestibility remained unaffected, dry matter (DM) digestibility significantly increased in broilers fed low‐ME diets with emulsifier. Broilers receiving 0.5 g/kg of emulsifier showed the highest villus width and surface area values. Moreover, including 1.5 g/kg of emulsifier led to the highest villus height to crypt depth ratio. Faecal microbiota, blood biochemistry and liver enzyme activities showed no significant differences.ConclusionsEmulsifier supplementation compensated for the energy reduction and enhanced performance, DM digestibility and some intestinal morphology parameters in broiler chickens fed low‐ME diet. Using 0.5 g/kg of emulsifier per 100 kcal of ME reduction in broiler diets is suggested.
Hybridizing Islam in the Balkans: The Rise of Salafi-Hanafism in Bulgaria
Authors: Evstatiev Simeon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study involves the context of Bulgaria, revealing cases of “non-occurrence” of violence through an analysis of local actors belonging to transnational Salafism and perceived by law enforcement, the media, and society at large as radicalized Islamists. The analysis tackles the concepts of Islamism and Salafism by focusing on court cases of 13 and 14 Muslims accused of “propagating war”. Their personal pathways are seen as indicative of a new trend—the convergent indigenization of Salafism through a hybridization with various Islamic trends in a local context dominated by Hanafism. The chapter thus introduces the concept of Salafi-Hanafism designating a hybrid combination between a Salafi creed and Hanafi practices which shifts the stress from activism to a more inclusivist approach to religion and society.