bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of sphaeralgin from transformed and non-transformed cells in suspension cultures of Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don
Authors: Reyes-Pérez Rogelio , Nicasio-Torres Pilar , González-Cortazar Manáses , Arellano-García José De Jesús , Montiel-Ruiz Rosa Mariana , Vargas-Ruiz Rodrigo , Pérez-García Ma. Dolores , Perez-Hernandez Juanita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Sphaeralcea angustifolia is a plant with confirmed anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective effects. These properties can be attributed to scopoletin, tomentin, sphaeralcic acid, iso-sphaeralcic acid and 8-methyl-iso-sphaeralcic acid compounds isolated from cells in suspension and hairy root cultures. Genetic transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes can be used in S. angustifolia cell cultures to increase the production of active secondary metabolites and stimulate the production of other compounds. We observed that non-transformed cells in a suspension of S. angustifolia had a higher growth index after two and three weeks of culture (9.29 and 11.84, respectively) compared with cells in suspension transformed with A. rhizogenes. Both cultures produced sphaeralcic acid, and boosted production was detected in the transformed cells (0.19 and 0.16 mg/g, respectively). In addition, transformed and non-transformed cells produced a new compound identified as sphaeralgin (dicumarine); a higher yield of sphaeralgin was detected in the transformed cells (2.21 mg/g dry biomass). The anti-inflammatory effects of sphaeralgin in edema models induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ʎ-carrageenan inhibited edema formation in a dose-dependent manner, with a mean effective dose (ED50) of 0.25 mg/ear and 64.56 mg/kg, respectively. During the late phase of the formaline test, sphaeralgin had an antinociceptive effect, with an ED50 of 1.35 mg/kg. Statistically, a 1 mg/kg dose of sphaeralgin (49%) had a similar effect to that of 10 mg/kg indomethacin (52%).
Magnitude and factors associated with surgical site infections post caesarian sections in an urban district hospital, Kigali-Rwanda
Authors: Kamanutse Habimana A. , Mochama Monica , Gbadamosi Mojeed A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
One-third to two-thirds of patients operated in low-and-middle-income countries acquire surgical site infection (SSI), which is eight times higher compared to high-resource countries. Identifying the incidence and risk factors contributing to surgical site infection post caesarean section (post-CS) is a step ahead for reducing and preventing the problem. Nevertheless, the distribution of SSI post-CS in Kigali, where CS delivery is high compared to the other parts of Rwanda, needs to be investigated. This study assessed SSI incidence and risk factors among caesarean deliveries at Muhima Hospital, Kigali.
Methods
A hospital-based retrospective chart review was conducted among 373 women who gave birth by cesarean delivery systematically selected from the theatre room and medical records from August 2019 to August 2022. SPSS Version 27 was used for all analyses. Descriptive statistics were used to determine SSI post-CS, and bivariate chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with SSI post-CS. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean (standard deviation) age of the 373 mothers was 30.36 (6.06) years. The incidence of SSI post-CS was 11.3% (95% CI 7.80–14.18). Maternal age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 5.12, 95% CI (1.10-23.95), p = 0.038) was the only independent risk factor for SSI post-CS. Five independent protective factors for SSI post-CS were urban residence (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI (0.003–0.08) p < 0.001), Ubudehe (Income) category 2, (AOR = 0.06, 95%CI (0.01–0.33) p = 0.001), procedure duration less than 45 minutes (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI (0.008–0.34), p = 0.002), pre-operative random glycaemia ≥ 70 mg/dl (AOR = 0.08, 95%CI (0.01–0.69, p = 0.020), pre-operative hematocrit ≥ 33% (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI (0.01–0.59), p = 0.013).
Conclusion
This study found an incidence of SSIs post-CS at Muhima District Hospital at 11.39%. Maternal age was the only independent risk factor for SSI post-CS in this study. Protective factors for SSI post-CS were the urban residence, Ubudehe (income) category, procedure duration, pre-operative random glycaemia, and pre-operative hematocrit. Maternal health care providers, workers, and policymakers must prioritize SSI prevention for older mothers.
Evaluation and SAR Analysis of Low Frequency and Broadband Electric Field Exposure Measurement Values in the Home Environment
Authors: mutlu mustafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the effective value of low frequency (50 Hz) and high frequency (700-2500 MHz) broadband electric field exposures were measured for 24 hours in four different selected environments in a house. All statistical values of 1000 data recorded with two measuring devices for 24 hours in each environment are calculated, the most appropriate curves are fitted to the data, and the curves are plotted by expressing their changes with respect to time. All statistical and parametric values of the density and cumulative probability functions of the curves are calculated and plotted. In broadband measurements, the broadband is divided into fifteen sub-bands, but the data are available in only six of these sub-bands. The six-layer human head model is created by using the middle frequencies of the six sub-bands used, and taking the permittivity (Ԑr) and conductivity (σ) of each layer into consideration. The specific absorption rate (SAR) value in the brain is calculated by using total transmission coefficient of six layers. SAR value surrounding the head is obtained. These SAR values are interpreted by considering the federal communications commission (FCC) and the community european (CE) occupational and general public the SAR limits.
Sub-attosecond-precision optical-waveform stability measurements using electro-optic sampling
Authors: Hussain Syed A. , Hofer Christina , Högner Maximilian , Schweinberger Wolfgang , Buberl Theresa , Bausch Daniel , Huber Marinus , Krausz Ferenc , Pupeza Ioachim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The generation of laser pulses with controlled optical waveforms, and their measurement, lie at the heart of both time-domain and frequency-domain precision metrology. Here, we obtain mid-infrared waves via intra-pulse difference-frequency generation (IPDFG) driven by 16-femtosecond near-infrared pulses, and characterise the jitter of sub-cycle fractions of these waves relative to the gate pulses using electro-optic sampling (EOS). We demonstrate sub-attosecond temporal jitter at individual zero-crossings and sub-0.1%-level relative amplitude fluctuations in the 10-kHz-to-0.625-MHz band. Chirping the nearly-octave-spanning mid-infrared pulses uncovers wavelength-dependent attosecond-scale waveform jitter. Our study validates EOS as a broadband (both in the radio-frequency and the optical domains), highly sensitive measurement technique for the jitter dynamics of optical waveforms. This sensitivity reveals outstanding stability of the waveforms obtained via IPDFG and EOS, directly benefiting precision measurements including linear and nonlinear (infrared) field-resolved spectroscopy. Furthermore, these results form the basis toward EOS-based active waveform stabilisation and sub-attosecond multi-oscillator synchronisation/delay tracking.
Translation, Cultural Adaption and Validation of the Indonesian Version of Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version-1 as a Diagnostic Tool for Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndrome in Children
Authors: Puspaningtyas Niken Wahyu , Gustiany Erida , Mutifa Juanda , Primacakti Fitri , Pudjiadi Antonius Hocky , Priesley Fuka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Sedative and analgesic medications are commonly administered in the treatment of critically ill children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). However, their use may result in complications such as Iatrogenic Withdrawal Syndrome (IWS), which poses challenges for diagnosis. The Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version-1 (WAT-1) questionnaire has been proven to be a valid and reliable diagnostic tool for IWS, however it is not yet available in the Indonesian language.
Objective
To validate and assess the reliability of the Withdrawal Assessment Tool Version-1 questionnaire in the Indonesian language.
Methods
This study is a prospective observational cross-sectional study that was done in two phases. The initial phase of the study involved translating the WAT-1 instrument into Indonesian. The validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of WAT-1 were tested on 30 patients who received sedative and analgesic medications for at least 5 consecutive days in the PICU Ciptomangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Results
The Indonesian version of WAT-1 was proven to be a valid and reliable assessment tool, with an r value in the training nurse above 0.361, and Cronbach's alpha values of 0.708 and 0.716 for assessments by PICU nurses and nurses trained in WAT-1, respectively. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) used to measure the consistency of assessments showed very good (trained nurse group, r = 0.878, 95% CI 0.743–0.942) to excellent (PICU nurse group, r = 0.956, 95% CI 0.886–0.974) values.
Conclusion
The Indonesian version of WAT-1 is a valid and reliable diagnostic tool.
Trematode Infestations in Ruminants and Their Snail Hosts across varied Agro-Ecological zones in Ethiopia: Implication for Public Health Risk
Authors: Megersa Bekele , Hussien Bilisuma , Shemsu Jemila , Kassahun Redeat , Merera Olana , Moje Nebyou , Edao Bedaso Mammo , waktole Hika , Ashenafi Hagos , Ayana Dinka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of trematodes among ruminants and their snail vectors is a major concern across various agro-ecological regions of Ethiopia. Trematodes pose significant threats to animals, causing considerable economic losses and impacting public health. In this study, we have investigated 784 ruminant fecal samples, and 520 abattoir samples, alongside the collection and identification of snail vectors from various agro-ecological regions. Fecal examinations revealed Fasciola, Paramphistomum and Schistosoma species infected 20.5% (95% CI: 17.6, 23.8), 11.7% (95% CI: 9.6, 14.2), and 6.3% (95% CI: 4.1, 9.1) of the animals, respectively. The overall prevalence of trematodes among ruminants was 28.8% (95% CI: 25.7, 32.1%), with 6.0% (95% CI: 4.3, 7.7) showing mixed infections. Fasciola was more prevalent in Asela (26%) compared to Batu (19%) and Hawassa (11.5%), while a higher proportion of animals in Batu were infected with Paramphistomum. Schistosoma eggs were detected only in Batu (12.5%), but not in other areas. Sheep and cattle exhibited higher infection rates with Fasciola, Paramphistoma, and Schistosoma compared to goats. Significant associations were observed between trematode infections and risk factors including agro-ecology, animal species, body condition score, and deworming practices. About 20.8% and 22.7% of the slaughtered animals harbored Fasciola and Paramphistomum flukes, respectively, with a higher prevalence in Asela and Hawassa abattoirs compared to Batu abattoir. Additionally, a total of 278 snails were collected from the study areas and identified as lymnae natalensis, lymnae trancatula, Biomphalaria pffiferi, Biomphlaria sudanica, and Bulinus globosus. In conclusion, the study highlights the widespread occurrence of trematode infections, emphasizing the need for feasible control measures to mitigate their economic and public health impacts.
Bone Health in Newly Diagnosed Female Breast Cancer Patients in China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wu Juan , Liang Xin-yu , Hu Lei , Li Ying , Ran Liang , She Rui-ling , Qu Xiu-quan , Peng Bai-qing , Wu Kai-nan , Kong Ling-quan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose
Bone health problem is one of the important concomitant diseases of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the status of bone health of newly diagnosed female BC patients in China.
Methods
The study included 636 newly diagnosed female BC patients and 268 physical examination women (control group). The status of bone mineral density and bone metabolism of participants were analyzed. The correlation between breast cancer and abnormal bone mass (ABM) was analyzed by logistic regression.
Results
Approximately 15.3% of BC patients resented with hypocalcemia after adjusting by albumin. 25-OHVitD deficiency or insufficiency was observed in 92.3% of BC patients. 63.2% of BC patients had ABM (38.0% osteopenia and 25.2% osteoporosis). ABM prevalence in BC patients under 40 was significantly higher at 40.8% compared to 8% in the age-matched control group. The severity of bone loss correlated with a more pronounced increase in bone transformation indexes. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of ABM and osteoporosis in newly diagnosed BC patients was 5.5-fold and 3.4-fold compared with control group, respectively. All subtypes of BC patients had a markedly higher risk of developing ABM than control group. The risk of ABM in BC patients under 45 was nearly 9 times higher than in the same age group.
Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were prevalent in newly diagnosed female BC patients. Regardless of age and breast cancer subtypes, breast cancer patients face a higher risk of abnormal bone mass compared to those physical examination women, especially among the young.
A new pathway to correlate the octahedral tilt coupling and spin-orbit reconstruction at oxide interfaces
Authors: DAS SUJIT , Dey Jayjit , Jagadish Koushik , Bandyopadhyay Arka , Chowdhury Sourav , Hoesch Moritz , Ahlawat Anju , Afaneh Feras , Keshri Aryan , Roul Basanta , Krupanidhi Saluru , Gupta Mukul , Choudhary Ram , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Narayan Awadhesh , Ravishankar N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The direct experimental probing and detailed imaging of octahedral tilt, along with the control of magnetic ground state and spin-orbit occupancies in an artificially engineered heterointerface through the manipulation of strain via interface engineering, is the long-standing challenging issue addressed in this study. We introduce a novel methodology that involves the measurement of the projected O-O-O angles (OOOproj) between the neighboring in-plane BO6 octahedra of perovskite oxide (ABO3), demonstrating a precise quantification of strain-manipulated octahedral tilt in atomically engineered La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO)/LaCoO3 (LCO) bilayer interfaces. The pronounced octahedral tilt on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate (under tensile strain) compared to LaAlO3 (LAO) substrate (under compressive strain) correlates with the enhanced (suppressed) magnetism under tensile (compressive) strain in bilayer configuration, especially within the framework of bond angle geometry and spin-charge-orbital reconstructions, contrasting with strain effects reported on individual single-phase films. Interfacial orbital reconstruction, Co/Mn antiferromagnetic coupling and their manipulation under strain are quantified through X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements, further confirmed by both molecular orbital theory and Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson rules. First principles calculations unveil a higher (lower) magnetic moment of individual magnetic atoms with tensile (compressive) strain, while also explaining the unusual interfacial antiferromagnetism arising from the interplay of out-of-plane and in-plane d-orbital occupations, and the role of bond angle geometry. This endeavor paves a potential method to manipulate the octahedral tilt and resultant perturbed crystal field energy to explore and tailor emergent phenomena at heterointerfaces via atomically precise strain-interface engineering.
Mapping the distribution of tuberculosis cases identified through routine program and community based active screening in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Wolde Habtamu Milkias , Getu Melak , Seid Getachew , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Abebe Gemeda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Smear positive TB cases greatly contribute to community level transmission of the disease. Locating hotspots would make it easier to prioritize and target control interventions. This study is aimed at assessing the spatial distribution of smear positive index TB cases and their secondary cases and the predictors of clustering of smear positive TB cases.
Methods
The study was conducted in Silti Zone of Central Ethiopia from 2020–2022. Data of smear positive index TB cases were collected from the unit TB registers of healthcare facilities. Contacts of all index TB cases were screened in the community and tested to identify secondary TB cases. We performed spatial analysis including Moran’s I statistic, Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to assess the global distribution, local clustering and the predictors of clustering of smear positive TB cases respectively. Additionally, we used inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation to predict the distribution of smear postive TB cases and develop a continuous raster map for places with no data.
Results
Spatial autocorrelation results showed that the distribution of the smear positive TB cases showed signficant clustering (Moran’s I = 0.70029; p-value < 0.000). The Getis-Ord Gi* output indicated the presence of statistically significant hotspots as well as cold spots in the study area. Statistically significant hotspots were found in 11 Kebeles of Silti, Dalocha and Misrak Silti districts. Signficant coldspots were also found in five kebeles of the Silti and Misrak districts. GWR analysis revealed that no education, primary education, family size and thatched roof houses were significant predictors of the spatial clustering of the smear positive TB cases. We also found that majority of the secondary TB cases were found in the hotspot areas identified through the spatial analysis.
Conclusion
Our study showed that the distribution of smear positive TB cases in the study area was heterogenous and both statistically significant hotspots and coldspots were identified. Location based targeted interventions could improve TB control performances including reduction in the transmission of TB. Educational status, family size and housing type were some of the factors with significant influence on the spatial distribution of smear positive TB in the study area. Distribution of the secondary TB cases found through household contacts screening coincided with the identified hotspots indicating higher transmission of the disease in these places.
Risk Factors Associated With Covid-19 Transmission: The Influence of Print and Electronic Social Media on Prevention Behavior of People in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Siddiqa Maryam , Shah Gulzar , Ijaz Muhammad , Kamal Asifa , Amna Mahnoor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
The current study sought to explore SARS-CoV-02 infection risk factors as well as the impact of media communications on adherence to preventative strategies in Pakistan's Punjab Province.
Methods
A prospective, cross-sectional study was undertaken in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, from November 2020 to February 2021 for primary data collection of 1100 people, with a case to control ratio of 1 to 1. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to find potential predictors of COVID 19 by analyzing the socio-demographic and preventive attitudinal factors. Participants' attitudes towards the media in terms of infection prevention were also evaluated.
Results
The majority of participants were aware of COVID 19, and the majority obtained information via print and social media. Participants were less likely to become infected with COVID-19 if they had heard of it before (AOR, 0.099) or had read any health-related literature about it (AOR, 0.132). Persons those with comorbidity (AOR, 15.32) and having medical history (AOR 2.815) having high risk of getting infected.
Conclusion
The study concluded that people's perceptions of COVID-19 prevention measures in Pakistan were influenced by the media. To control the spread of COVID-19, government public health officials can use media (print, electronic, social) as an influential tool across communities in Pakistan to raise awareness about basic preventive behaviours and encourage the public to adopt precautionary measures.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock: A Multicenter Observational Study: Results from the RESCUE Registry
Authors: Lim Chewan , Chung Young Hak , Ahn Chul-Min , Cho Sungsoo , Yang Jeong Hoon , Kang Tae Soo , Lee Sang-Hyup , Lee Yong Joon , Lee Seung Jun , Hong Sung Jin , Kim Jung Sun , Kim Byeong Keuk , Ko Young Guk , Choi Donghoon , Gwon Hyeon Cheol , Hong Myeong Ki , Jang Yangsoo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Backgrounds:
Cardiogenic shock (CS) frequently leads to multiorgan failure, potentially necessitating either continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies investigating the association between CRRT and ECMO in patients with CS. This study aimed to assess the effects of CRRT and ECMO in Korean patients with CS.
Methods
A total of 1,247 patients with CS were enrolled from the RESCUE (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With Cardiogenic Shock) registry, a multicenter, observational cohort enrolled between January 2014 and December 2018. The primary outcomes, including the 72-hour and 30-day all-cause mortality rates, were analyzed in relation to the use of ECMO and CRRT among CS patients.
Results
Among the cohort of 751 patients who did not undergo ECMO, 90 (12%) received CRRT, while among the 496 patients who underwent ECMO, 195 (39.3%) received CRRT. Irrespective of ECMO utilization, patients receiving CRRT exhibited elevated 30-day mortality rates. Nonetheless, among ECMO patients, those who received CRRT had a lower 72-hour mortality rate than did those who did not (19.6% versus 12.3%; p = 0.045). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the lactate level and vasoactive-inotrope score were consistent independent predictors of both 72-hour and 30-day mortality, regardless of ECMO or CRRT administration. However, CRRT emerged as a significant factor in mitigating the risk of 72-hour mortality among ECMO patients (hazard ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.91; p = 0.027).
Conclusion
Patients with CS who underwent CRRT had higher 30-day all-cause mortality rates than those who did not, irrespective of ECMO utilization. Among CS patients undergoing ECMO, CRRT was more frequently administered, suggesting that implementing CRRT might potentially improve early in-hospital mortality.
Clinical Trial Registration
: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02985008. 2016.12.05.