bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High positive predictive value 22q11.2 microdeletion screening by prenatal cell‐free DNA testing that incorporates fetal fraction amplification
Authors: Hammer Carly , Pierson Summer , Acevedo Ashley , Goldberg James , Westover Thomas , Chawla Devika , Mabey Brent , Muzzey Dale , Johansen Taber Katherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjective22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) is a serious condition with a range of features. The small microdeletion causing 22q11.2DS makes it technically challenging to detect using standard prenatal cfDNA screening. Here, we assess 22q11.2 microdeletion clinical performance by a prenatal cfDNA screen that incorporates fetal fraction (FF) amplification.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of patients who received Prequel (Myriad Genetics, Inc.), a prenatal cfDNA screening that incorporates FF amplification, and met additional eligibility criteria. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained via a routine process for continuous quality improvement. Samples with diagnostic testing results were used to calculate positive predictive value (PPV).Results379,428 patients met study eligibility criteria, 76 of whom were screen‐positive for a de novo 22q11.2 microdeletion. 22 (29.7%) had diagnostic testing results available, and all 22 cases were confirmed as true positives, for a PPV of 100% (95% CI 84.6%–100%). This performance was based on cases that ranged broadly across FF (5.9%–41.1%, mean 23.0%), body mass index (22.3–44.8, mean 29.9), and gestational age at testing (10.0w–34.6w, median 12.7w). Ultrasound findings in screen‐positive pregnancies were consistent with those known to be associated with 22q11.2DS.Conclusion22q11.2 microdeletion screening that incorporates FF amplification demonstrated high PPV across both general and high‐risk population cohorts.
Higher education students' perceptions on their barriers to critical thinking
Authors: Semerci Nuriye , Semerci Çetin , Ünal Fatma , Yılmaz Emrullah , Yılmaz Ömer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed at identifying undergraduate students' barriers to critical thinking. This descriptive study adopted a cross‐sectional research method. Data were collected from 3rd and 4th grade students in a state university in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Data were collected via the critical thinking barriers scale. The data obtained in the study were analyzed using SPSS 22. The mean scores, t‐test, and analysis of variance were employed in data analysis. The results of the study revealed that students slightly agree that they are unable to reason, are egocentric, overconfident, and rely on authority. Also, students slightly agree that they have some barriers to critical thinking. The study also demonstrated that grade slightly affects students' barriers to critical thinking, whereas gender and faculty have relatively deeper effects. This study concluded that students don't have significant barriers to critical thinking.
Molluscicide screening and identification of novel targets against Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Qu Guoli , Yao Jiakai , Wang Jie , Zhang Xiaofei , Dai Jianrong , Yu Haonan , Dai Yang , Xing Yuntian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOwing to the nonavailability of any clear targets for molluscicides against Pomacea canaliculata, target‐based screening strategy cannot be employed. In this study, the molluscicidal effects of typical pesticides on P. canaliculata were evaluated to obtain the molluscicide target. A series of arylpyrrole compounds were synthesized based on the discovered target, and their structure–activity relationships explored. A preliminary strategy for screening molluscicides based on specific targets was also developed.RESULTSA laboratory colony of P. canaliculata was developed, which showed no difference in sensitivity to niclosamide compared with the wild group, while exhibiting a higher stability against pesticide response. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitors and mitochondrial membrane potential uncouplers were identified and validated as potential targets for molluscicide screening against P. canaliculata. A series of arylpyrrole compounds were designed and synthesized. The median lethal concentration of 4‐bromo‐2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile (Compound 102) was 10‐fold lower than that of niclosamide.CONCLUSIONNew molluscicide targets were discovered and validated, and preliminary strategies were explored for pesticide screening based on these targets. Compound 102 exhibited a high molluscicidal activity and had a great potential value for exploring a molluscicide to control P. canaliculata. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Quantitative identification and sensor sensitivity analysis in detection of odor volatile compounds emitted by scaly grain mites, Suidasia pontifica Oudemans
Authors: Ta‐Phaisach Naphacharakorn , Konvipasruang Ploychompoo , Attasopa Korrawat , Sringarm Korawan , Chiu Chun‐I , Chanbang Yaowaluk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Thailand, the scaly grain mite, Suidasia pontifica Oudemans, impacts the feed industry by emitting a lemongrass‐like odor in contaminated feed, reducing its palatability. This study focused on identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with this odor in contaminated chicken feeds and ground maize, as well as individual mites using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We explored the relationship between VOC concentration and mite population size in chicken feed cultures, aiming to detect minimal mite presence through regression models. Additionally, we tested the sensitivity of nine electronic odor sensors in detecting these VOCs.RESULTSOur results showed Z‐citral and E‐citral present in mite‐contaminated ground maize, chicken feeds, but absent in uncontaminated samples. Mite populations in chicken feed followed a normal distribution, increasing rapidly, peaking, and then declining, a pattern mirrored in the concentrations of Z‐citral and E‐citral. Simple linear regression models confirmed a positive correlation between mite density and citral concentrations. Polynomial regression models indicated Z‐citral is detectable at mite densities over 67 individuals per gram and E‐citral over 3.89 individuals per gram. Odor sensors showed varying readings across different citral concentrations, uncontaminated, and mite‐infested chicken feeds.CONCLUSIONSOur study confirms that S. pontifica are responsible for the lemongrass‐like odor in infested samples, due to Z‐citral and E‐citral. The citral concentrations increase with mite population growth and are detectable at low mite densities, suggesting their effectiveness as biomarkers for early mite infestation detection. Additionally, MQ series odor sensors detected these VOCs, indicating their potential for monitoring mite infestations in storage environments. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Exploiting G‐Quadruplex‐DNA Damage as a Tool to Quantify Singlet Oxygen Production
Authors: De Paepe Lessandro , Madder Annemieke , Cadoni Enrico 
Published: April 2024

AbstractG‐Quadruplexes (G4s) are highly dynamic and polymorphic nucleic acid structures that can adopt a variety of conformations. When exposed to oxidative conditions, more specifically singlet oxygen, the guanosine nucleobases can be oxidized, which in turn can affect the conformation and folding of the G4. Based on this peculiar phenomenon, it is rationalized that G4s can serve as quantification sensors for the production of singlet oxygen. Here, a method for determining the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation for visible as well as UV‐light excited photosensitizers, using a short G4 DNA sequence, readily available from common DNA companies, as a biological and water‐soluble probe, is presented.
The Wieselburg Bridge collapse—Analysis of the shear capacity based on forensic data
Authors: Huber Tobias , Kollegger Johann , Suza Dominik , Huber Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the structural aspects of the Wieselburg Bridge collapse in Austria. The original design and reinforcing details for this integral concrete bridge are discussed. The collapse of the bridge is re‐constructed based on forensic documentation of the failure. The results of structural analysis carried out using material properties obtained after failure are compared to the shear capacity obtained from various models and from test results from literature. The results are used to explain the cause of failure of the integral bridge under dead load.
Higher‐Order Behaviours in Bio‐Inspired Materials
Authors: Rebasa‐Vallverdu Aina , Antuch Manuel , Rosetti Beatrice , Braidotti Nicoletta , Gobbo Pierangelo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBio‐inspired approaches in materials science and systems chemistry are yielding a variety of stimuli‐responsive and dynamic materials that are gradually changing our everyday life. However, the ability to chemically program these materials to exhibit macroscopic higher‐order behaviours such as self‐assembly, contractility, swarming, taxis, chemical communication, or predator‐prey dynamics remains an ongoing challenge. While still in its infancy, the successful fabrication of bio‐inspired materials displaying higher‐order behaviours not only will help bridging the gap between living and non‐living matter, but it will also contribute to the development of advanced materials for potential applications ranging from tissue engineering and biotechnology, to soft robotics and regenerative medicine. Our Mini‐Review will systematically discuss the higher‐order behaviours developed thus far in bio‐inspired systems, namely (i) polymer networks (ii) microbots, (iii) protocells, and (iv) prototissues. For each system it will provide key examples and highlight how the emergent behaviour could be chemically programmed.
Unravelling the deficit ideologies in English language education in Pakistan: A decolonial perspective
Authors: Syed Hassan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study the author combines translingualism and raciolinguistic perspectives to analyze the language ideologies and idealized listening/reading subject positions that undergird discourses on English language teaching in Pakistan. Drawing on data from national policy documents, the national curriculum for English, and English proficiency assessment reports, he shows how discourses on English as a medium of instruction, the English language curriculum, and assessment in Pakistan are fraught with deficit ideologies that emphasize a particular view of English proficiency that serves as an imaginary line of demarcation between proficient and deficient English teachers and reinforce linguistic and socioeconomic hierarchies. Instead of reified, Anglo‐normative orientations to English proficiency, the author proposes a translingual orientation that places students' multilingual identities at the center of English language teaching (ELT) practices. He concludes with a call for ELT practitioners and critical language scholars to develop organic links between classroom translingualism and political activism in order to dismantle socioeconomic hierarchies.
Mental health of veterinary nurses and student veterinary nurses: A scoping review
Authors: King Naomi , Lewis Elisa G. , Kinnison Tierney , Langridge Alison , Civai Claudia , May Stephen Anthony , Cardwell Jacqueline M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch has shown that veterinarians around the world are at high risk of mental health problems, but far less research has examined the mental health of veterinary nurses (VNs) and student veterinary nurses (SVNs). This scoping review aimed to map existing evidence on this topic and identify knowledge gaps.MethodsLiterature searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were conducted, and a structured screening and selection procedure was applied. To be included, studies had to be peer reviewed, report relevant results specific to VNs and/or SVNs, and provide descriptive statistics if using quantitative methods.ResultsOf the 2118 publications identified, only 13 journal articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings were summarised in five categories: mental health and wellbeing, burnout, stress, compassion fatigue and moral distress. While the findings of five of the studies suggested that some VNs and SVNs experienced some form of poor mental health, these studies lacked generalisability or transferability for multiple reasons. There was also inconsistency and ambiguity in the interpretation of findings, as well as incompatible or oversimplified definitions of mental health problems.LimitationsOur review excluded grey literature, such as reports, theses and conference presentations, as a preliminary search found very little empirical research on VNs' and SVNs' mental health in this type of publication.ConclusionsMore research is needed to address the gaps in the existing evidence supporting our understanding of VN and SVN mental health. This should establish baseline measures and include comparisons with other occupational and national populations.
Measuring and modeling soil moisture and runoff at solar farms using a disconnected impervious surface approach
Authors: Mulla David , Galzki Jake , Hanson Aaron , Simunek Jirka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGround‐mounted photovoltaic sites are often treated as impervious surfaces in stormwater permits. This ignores the pervious soils beneath and between solar arrays and leads to an overestimation of runoff. Our objective was to improve solar farm stormwater hydrology models by explicitly considering the disconnected impervious nature of solar design and site characteristics. Experimental sites established on utility scale solar farms in Colorado, Georgia, Minnesota, New York, and Oregon had perennial vegetative plantings with mean precipitation ranging from 40.6 to 124.5 cm, and soil texture ranging from loamy sand to clay. Soil moisture measurements were collected beneath arrays, under drip edges, and in the vegetated area between arrays at each site. Hydrus‐3D models for soil moisture and stormwater hydrology were developed that accounted for precipitation falling on solar panels, drip edge redistribution of rainfall, infiltration, and runoff in the pervious areas between solar arrays and beneath panels. Drip edge runoff averaged 3‐ to 10‐times incident precipitation at the New York and Minnesota sites, respectively. Root mean square error values between measured sub‐hourly soil moisture and predicted moisture for large measured single storm events averaged 0.029 across all five sites. Predicted runoff depths were strongly affected by precipitation depth, soil texture, soil profile depth, and soil bulk density. Runoff depths across the five experimental sites averaged 13%, 25%, and 45% of the 2‐, 10‐, and 100‐year design storm depths, clearly showing that these solar farms do not behave like impervious surfaces, but rather as disconnected impervious surfaces with substantial infiltration of runoff in the vegetated areas between and beneath solar arrays.
The Victim-Offender Overlap in Prisons and Associated Challenges for Prison Managers
Authors: van Ginneken Esther F. J. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThus far, victimisation and offending in prison have been studied largely as separate phenomena. As a result, the overlap between these categories has received little attention, even though offending may increase the risk of victimisation, and vice versa. First, this chapter considers how and why the victim-offender overlap exists in prison by drawing on prior research, and examining the most appropriate theoretical explanations beyond the importation and deprivation perspective. In addition to situational dynamics of mutual assault and retaliation, the organisational nature of the illicit economy should be examined to understand the victim-offender overlap. The second part of this chapter discusses the victim-offender overlap—particularly in relation to the illicit economy—from a prison-management perspective, using interview data from 45 prison managers in Dutch prisons. The following three challenges are discussed: (1) prison managers are required to sanction addiction-driven drug use; (2) prison managers often sanction people who act under duress; and (3) the leaders ‘in charge’ of the illicit economy are difficult to sanction. As will be shown, increasing safety in prisons is not simply a matter of sanctioning misconduct.
Curriculum Klinische Akut- und Notfallmedizin – Schwerpunkt Innere Medizin
Authors:   DGIIN,   DGIM,   BDI,   DGA,   DGE,   DGVS,   DGG,   DGHO,   DGI,   DGK,   DGfN,   DG f. Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin,   DG f. Palliativmedizin,   DGRh, Busch Hans-Jörg , Wolfrum Sebastian , Michels Guido , Baumgärtel Matthias , Bodmann Klaus-Friedrich , Buerke Michael , Burst Volker , Enghard Philipp , Ertl Georg , Fach Wolf Andreas , Hanses Frank , Heppner Hans Jürgen , Hermes Carsten , Janssens Uwe , John Stefan , Jung Christian , Karagiannidis Christian , Kiehl Michael , Kluge Stefan , Koch Alexander , Kochanek Matthias , Korsten Peter , Lepper Philipp M. , Merkel Martin , Müller-Werdan Ursula , Neukirchen Martin , Pfeil Alexander , Riessen Reimer , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Schellong Sebastian , Scherg Alexandra , Sedding Daniel , Singler Katrin , Thieme Marcus , Trautwein Christian , Willam Carsten , Werdan Karl 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland qualifiziert sich der Akut- und Notfallmediziner durch eine Facharztweiterbildung in Verbindung mit den Zusatz-Weiterbildungen „Klinische Akut- und Notfallmedizin“ und „Notfallmedizin“ gemäß den Vorgaben der Landesärztekammern, die sich auf die Empfehlungen der Bundesärztekammer beziehen. Eine zentrale Säule in der gebietsübergreifenden notfallmedizinischen Versorgung stellt das Gebiet der Inneren Medizin mit seinen Schwerpunkten dar. Das vorliegende Curriculum gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über internistische Weiterbildungsinhalte der Akut- und Notfallmedizin, die nach Ansicht der internistischen Gesellschaften (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internistische Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin [DGIIN], Deutsche Gesellschaft für Innere Medizin [DGIM] samt Schwerpunktgesellschaften, Berufsverband Deutscher Internistinnen und Internisten [BDI]) für den Erwerb der erforderlichen Kenntnisse und praktischen Fähigkeiten für eine bestmögliche Versorgung der akut- und notfallmedizinischen Patienten aus internistischer Sicht erforderlich scheinen. Das Curriculum stellt zum einen die allgemeinen Aspekte der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin mit den Inhalten Struktur- und Prozessqualität, Erstdiagnostik, Initialtherapie und Indikationsstellung zur weiterführenden Behandlung, Schockraumversorgung, Diagnostik und Monitoring, generelle Therapieverfahren, Hygienemaßnahmen und Pharmakotherapie dar. Anschließend folgen spezifische Aspekte der Akut- und Notfallmedizin (angiologische, endokrinologische, diabetologische und metabolische, gastroenterologische, geriatrische, hämatoonkologische, infektiologische, kardiologische, nephrologische, palliativmedizinische, pneumologische, rheumatologische und toxikologische). Unterlegt sind die Themen jeweils mit auf das Weiterbildungskonzept zugeschnittenen Publikationen. Das Curriculum stellt für Internistinnen und Internisten alle internistischen Weiterbildungsinhalte der o. g. Zusatz-Weiterbildungen dar, zeigt aber auch allen Notfallmedizinern, mit welchen internistischen Krankheitsbildern sie bei ihrer Tätigkeit rechnen müssen.
Characterisation and mapping of a Globodera pallida resistance derived from the wild potato species Solanum spegazzinii
Authors: Gartner Ulrike , Armstrong Miles R. , Sharma Sanjeev K. , Jones John T. , Blok Vivian C. , Hein Ingo , Bryan Glenn J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Key message
A new resistance locus acting against the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida was mapped to chromosome VI in the diploid wild potato species Solanum spegazzinii CPC 7195.

Abstract
The potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis are economically important potato pests in almost all regions where potato is grown. One important management strategy involves deployment through introgression breeding into modern cultivars of new sources of naturally occurring resistance from wild potato species. We describe a new source of resistance to G. pallida from wild potato germplasm. The diploid species Solanum spegazzinii Bitter accession CPC 7195 shows resistance to G. pallida pathotypes Pa1 and Pa2/3. A cross and first backcross of S. spegazzinii with Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja cultivar Mayan Gold were performed, and the level of resistance to G. pallida Pa2/3 was determined in progeny clones. Bulk-segregant analysis (BSA) using generic mapping enrichment sequencing (GenSeq) and genotyping-by-sequencing were performed to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are genetically linked to the resistance, using S. tuberosum Group Phureja clone DM1-3 516 R44 as a reference genome. These SNPs were converted into allele-specific PCR assays, and the resistance was mapped to an interval of roughly 118 kb on chromosome VI. This newly identified resistance, which we call Gpa VIlspg, can be used in future efforts to produce modern cultivars with enhanced and broad-spectrum resistances to the major pests and pathogens of potato.
Isometric Immersions and the Waving of Flags
Authors: Bauer Martin , Møller-Andersen Jakob , Preston Stephen C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article we propose a novel geometric model to study the motion of a physical flag. In our approach, a flag is viewed as an isometric immersion from the square with values in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

satisfying certain boundary conditions at the flag pole. Under additional regularity constraints we show that the space of all such flags carries the structure of an infinite dimensional manifold and can be viewed as a submanifold of the space of all immersions. In the second part of the article we equip the space of isometric immersions with its natural kinetic energy and derive the corresponding equations of motion. This approach can be viewed in a spirit similar to Arnold’s geometric picture for the motion of an incompressible fluid.
An analytic proof of the stable reduction theorem
Authors: Song Jian , Sturm Jacob , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe stable reduction theorem says that a family of curves of genus $$g\ge 2$$

g
≥
2

over a punctured curve can be uniquely completed (after possible base change) by inserting certain stable curves at the punctures. We give a new this result for curves defined over $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
, using the Kähler–Einstein metrics on the fibers to obtain the limiting stable curves at the punctures.
Arakelov class groups of random number fields
Authors: Bartel Alex , Johnston Henri , Lenstra Hendrik W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe main purpose of the paper is to formulate a probabilistic model for Arakelov class groups in families of number fields, offering a correction to the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet heuristic on ideal class groups. To that end, we show that Chinburg’s $$\Omega (3)$$

Ω
(
3
)

conjecture implies tight restrictions on the Galois module structure of oriented Arakelov class groups. As a consequence, we construct a new infinite series of counterexamples to the Cohen–Lenstra–Martinet heuristic, which have the novel feature that their Galois groups are non-abelian.