bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term trend of precipitation and runoff in Korean river basins
Authors: Bae Deg‐Hyo , Jung Il‐Won , Chang Heejun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe spatial and temporal variations of precipitation and runoff for 139 basins in South Korea were investigated for 34 years (1968–2001). The Precipitation‐Runoff Modelling System (PRMS) was selected for the assessment of basin hydrologic response to varying climates and physiology. A non‐parametric Mann–Kendall's test and regression analysis are used to detect trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation and runoff, while Moran's I is adapted to determine the degree of spatial dependence in runoff trend among the basins. The results indicated that the long‐term trends in annual precipitation and runoff were increased in northern regions and decreased in south‐western regions of the study area during the study period. The non‐parametric Mann–Kendall test showed that spring streamflow was decreasing, while summer streamflow was increasing. April precipitation decreased between 15% and 74% for basins located in south‐western part of the Korean peninsula. June precipitation increased between 18% and 180% for the majority of the basins. Trends in seasonal and monthly streamflow show similar patterns compared to trends in precipitation. Decreases in spring runoff are associated with decreases in spring precipitation which, accompanied by rising temperatures, are responsible for reducing soil moisture. The regional patterns of precipitation and runoff changes show a strong to moderate positive spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that there is a high potential for severe spring drought and summer flooding in some parts of Korea if these trends continue in the future. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intake of flavonoids and risk of cancer in Finnish men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Authors: Mursu Jaakko , Nurmi Tarja , Tuomainen Tomi‐Pekka , Salonen Jukka T. , Pukkala Eero , Voutilainen Sari 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLimited amount of evidence suggests that high intake of flavonoids could be associated with decreased risk of lung and colorectal cancer, but more studies are needed. In this prospective cohort study, we assessed the relation between the intakes of 26 flavonoids from 5 subclasses; flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan‐3‐ols and anthocyanidins, and the risk of lung, prostate and colorectal cancer. The study population consisted of 2,590 middle‐aged eastern Finnish men of the prospective population‐based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study. The mean intake of flavonoids was 131.0 ± 214.7 mg/day. During the mean follow‐up time of 16.2 years, 62 lung, 138 prostate, and 55 colorectal cancers occurred. All lung cancer cases occurred among either current smokers (n = 50) or previous smokers (n = 12). After adjustment for age, examination years, body mass index, smoking status, pack‐years of smoking, physical activity and intakes of alcohol, total fat, saturated fat, fiber, vitamin C and E, relative risk (RR) for lung cancer was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.11–0.66) for the highest quarter of total flavonoid intake as compared with the lowest quarter. Out of 5 flavonoid subclasses, flavonols and flavan‐3‐ols were associated with lung cancer, for the highest quarter of intake the RR were 0.29 (95% CI: 0.11–0.78) and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.09–0.64), respectively. No association between flavonoid intake and risk of prostate or colorectal cancer were found. We conclude that high intake of flavonoids is associated with decreased risk of lung cancer in middle‐aged Finnish smoking men. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overcoming imatinib resistance using Src inhibitor CGP76030, Abl inhibitor nilotinib and Abl/Lyn inhibitor INNO‐406 in newly established K562 variants with BCR‐ABL gene amplification
Authors: Morinaga Koji , Yamauchi Takahiro , Kimura Shinya , Maekawa Taira , Ueda Takanori 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBecause imatinib (IM) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia is primarily caused by the re‐establishment of Abl kinase, new inhibitors may be efficacious. We evaluated 3 new agents against 2 new K562 variants, IM‐R1 and IM‐R2 cells, which were developed having 7‐ and 27‐fold greater IM resistance, respectively, than the parental K562 cells. Both variants possessed BCR‐ABL gene amplification along with elevated levels of its transcript and protein. Greater BCR‐ABL gene amplification was observed in IM‐R2 cells than in IM‐R1 cells, which was consistent with the higher mRNA and protein levels of Bcr‐Abl, and ultimately correlated with the greater IM resistance in IM‐R2 cells. No mutation in the Abl kinase domain was detected in either variant. Despite the absence of Lyn overexpression, the Src kinase inhibitor CGP76030 showed positive cooperability with IM in inhibiting cell growth of not only K562 cells but also these 2 variants. This might be because of the augmented inhibition of Erk1/2 phosphorylation. The new Abl kinase inhibitor nilotinib was 10‐fold more potent than IM in inhibiting the growth of K562 cells. Nilotinib inhibited the growth of IM‐R1 and IM‐R2 cells as potently as K562 cells. The combination of nilotinib with CGP76030 showed little additivity, because the potency of nilotinib masked the efficacy of CGP76030. The new dual Abl/Lyn inhibitor INNO‐406 (formerly NS‐187) was slightly more potent than nilotinib in inhibiting the growth of all 3 cell lines. Because BCR‐ABL gene amplification occurs in blast crisis, these inhibitors might overcome IM resistance in such patients' leukemia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of oncolytic adenovirotherapy and Bax gene therapy in human cancer xenografted models. Potential merits and hurdles for combination therapy
Authors: Hioki Masayoshi , Kagawa Shunsuke , Fujiwara Toshiya , Sakai Ryo , Kojima Toru , Watanabe Yuichi , Hashimoto Yuuri , Uno Futoshi , Tanaka Noriaki , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCancer gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy have been studied extensively. However, their clinical application is hampered by their weak anticancer activity. We previously constructed a replicating adenovirus (OBP‐301, Telomelysin), in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter drives expression of the adenoviral E1 genes, and causes selective lysis of human cancer cells. We hypothesized that combination adenoviral therapy containing OBP‐301 and a nonreplicating adenovirus expressing the proapoptotic Bax gene could overcome the weakness and augment the anticancer efficacy of each modality. Combination treatment resulted in marked Bax protein expression and enhanced efficacy in in vitro cell viability assay, when compared with either single treatment. However, combination treatment was not as effective in suppressing both subcutaneous and pleural disseminated tumors compared with OBP‐301 treatment alone. Further investigation revealed that combination treatment resulted in suppressed E1A protein expression associated with reduced viral replication. Our results suggest that Bax gene therapy in combination with oncolytic adenovirotherapy potentially augments their antitumor activity, but further improvements may be required to maximize the combinatorial effect in vivo, for the Bax gene expression to avoid interference with production of the oncolytic virus. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flexural strength, fatigue life, and stress‐induced phase transformation study of Y‐TZP dental ceramic
Authors: Pittayachawan Piyapanna , McDonald Ailbhe , Young Anne , Knowles Jonathan C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectives: Yttria partially‐stabilized zirconia polycrystalline (Y‐TZP) has been the subject of extensive research because of its high strength and toughness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biaxial flexural strength, fatigue life, and to investigate in more detail on single cycle specimens, the pressure‐induced phase transformation of a Y‐TZP dental ceramic using Raman microspectroscopy. Materials and Methods: Thirty standardized discs (15 × 1.2 mm2) were used to examine the biaxial flexural strength (ISO 6872 standard) using a Dartec HC10 Servohydraulic testing machine (Zwick Ltd., UK). The specimens were also submitted to Vickers hardness (on polished and as‐received surfaces within the same specimen) and dynamic fatigue test. The initial bulk phases were examined via X‐ray diffraction and the local phase transformations that occurred in the zirconia induced by the various Vickers indentation loads (20–50 kg) were examined via Raman microspectroscopy on single cycle specimens. The fracture surface after biaxial flexural testing was also examined via Raman spectroscopy. Results: The Cercon specimens tested had flexural strength and Weibull modulus (m) of ∼823.3 (±114.7) MPa and 8.3, respectively. As‐received surfaces (1378.7 ± 51.8 Hv) had slightly higher hardness value compared with polished surfaces (1354.33 ± 50.9 Hv); however, two‐way analysis of variance showed no significant difference in hardness values between polished and as‐received surfaces (P > 0.05). Additionally, the specimens survived to 5 × 105 cycles when using a load of 70% of the mean biaxial flexural strength or lower. Raman microspectroscopy showed transformation of tetragonal to cubic and monoclinic phases within the indentation area. The fraction of monoclinic phase showed only limited variation with load or distance from the center to indentation edge. The level of cubic phase, however, was greatest at the indentation center. Transformation to cubic phase was observed on the lower surfaces (tension side) of fractured specimens. It was also observed near the specimen center exposed upon fracture. In the latter region an increase in monoclinic phase was additionally observed. Further work will be carried out using Raman microspectroscopy to assess the effect of fatigue on phase transformations. Conclusion: The zirconia based ceramic has mechanical properties that may allow it to withstand the loading found in posterior areas. Transformation toughening was found when high loads impacted on the surface of zirconia. However it should be born in mind that this work was not carried out on veneered specimens, which exhibit different failure modes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Analysis of neural potential of human umbilical cord blood–derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in response to a range of neurogenic stimuli
Authors: Zwart Isabel , Hill Andrew J. , Girdlestone John , Manca Maria F. , Navarrete Roberto , Navarrete Cristina , Jen Ling‐Sun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe investigated the neurogenic potential of full‐term human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)–derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in response to neural induction media or coculture with rat neural cells. Phenotypic and functional changes were assessed by immunocytochemistry, RT‐PCR, and whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. Naive MSCs expressed both mesodermal and ectodermal markers prior to neural induction. Exposure to retinoic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) did not stimulate neural morphology, whereas exposure to dibutyryl cAMP and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine stimulated a neuron‐like morphology but also appeared to be cytotoxic. All protocols stimulated increases in expression of the neural precursor marker nestin, but expression of mature neuronal or glial markers MAP2 and GFAP was not observed. Nestin expression increases were serum level dependent. Electrophysiological properties of MSCs were studied with whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings. The MSCs possessed no ionic currents typical of neurons before or after neural induction protocols. Coculture of hUCB‐derived MSCs and rat neural cells induced some MSCs to adopt an astrocyte‐like morphology and express GFAP protein and mRNA. Our data suggest hUCB‐derived MSCs do not transdifferentiate into mature functioning neurons in response to the above neurogenic protocols; however, coculture with rat neural cells led to a minority adopting an astrocyte‐like phenotype. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired activation of celiac ganglion neurons in vivo after damage to their sympathetic nerve terminals
Authors: Mundinger Thomas O. , Mei Qi , Taborsky Gerald J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBecause damage to sympathetic nerve terminals occurs in a variety of diseases, we tested the hypothesis that nerve terminal damage per se is sufficient to impair ganglionic neurotransmission in vivo. First, we measured the effect of nerve terminal damage produced by the sympathetic nerve terminal toxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) on ganglionic levels of several neurotrophins thought to promote neurotransmission. 6‐OHDA‐induced nerve terminal damage did not decrease the expression of neurotrophin‐4 or brain‐derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the celiac ganglia but did decrease the ganglionic content of both nerve growth factor protein (nadir = −63%) and the mRNA of the alpha‐3 subunit of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nadir = −49%), a subunit required for neurotransmission. Next, we tested whether this degree of receptor deficiency was sufficient to impair activation of celiac ganglia neurons. Impaired fos mRNA responses to nicotine administration in the celiac ganglia of 6‐OHDA‐pretreated rats correlated temporally with suppressed expression of functional nicotinic receptors. We verified by Fos protein immunohistochemistry that this ganglionic impairment was specific to principal ganglionic neurons. Last, we tested whether centrally initiated ganglionic neurotransmission is also impaired following nerve terminal damage. The principal neurons in rat celiac ganglia were reflexively activated by 2‐deoxy‐glucose‐induced glucopenia, and the Fos response in the celiac ganglia was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with 6‐OHDA. We conclude that sympathetic nerve terminal damage per se is sufficient to impair ganglionic neurotransmission in vivo and that decreased nicotinic receptor production is a likely mediator. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bilirubin as an endogenous modulator of neurotrophin redox signaling
Authors: Mancuso Cesare , Capone Caterina , Ranieri Sofia Chiatamone , Fusco Salvatore , Calabrese Vittorio , Eboli Maria Luisa , Preziosi Paolo , Galeotti Tommaso , Pani Giovambattista 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBilirubin is neurotoxic upon excess accumulation in the brain, but it also plays important physiological roles related to its antioxidant properties. Here we report that exposure of PC12 and primary rat cerebellar granule neurons to bilirubin (0.5–10 μM) drastically decreases nerve growth factor (NGF)/brain‐derived neurotrophic factor signaling to Akt and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs), indicating a direct interference of the molecule with crucial prosurvival signaling pathways. This effect likely involves the scavenging capacity of bilirubin, the latter being able to inhibit, in PC12 cells, accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and phosphorylation of Akt and ERKs in response to extracellular hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, in the absence of exogenous growth factor, bilirubin elicited the phosphorylation of ERKs and of the cAMP responsive element binding (CREB) transcription factor, a signature of NGF‐dependent survival signaling. These growth factor‐like signaling effects were paralleled by the induction of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and generation of nitric oxide (NO). Pharmacological dissection of the signaling cascade triggered by bilirubin revealed that phosphorylation of ERKs requires NO signaling through soluble guanylyl cyclase, and, further upstream, influx of extracellular calcium is necessary for nNOS induction and NO release, likely through calcium‐dependent phosphorylation of CREB. Importantly, the cascade elicited by bilirubin through NO and ERK is cytoprotective, as revealed by exacerbated bilirubin toxicity in cultures treated by either NOS or MEK inhibitors. Taken together, these observations indicate an important action of bilirubin on redox signaling by neurotrophins, with either inhibitory or agonistic effects based on growth factor availability. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypothesis of active components in volatile oil from a Chinese herb formulation, ‘Shao‐Fu‐Zhu‐Yu decoction’, using GC‐MS and chemometrics
Authors: Su Shulan , Hua Yongqing , Duan Jin‐ao , Shang Erxin , Tang Yuping , Bao Xingjie , Lu Yin , Ding Anwei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with few or no side effects has increasingly attracted attention all over the world. However, the bioactive components and the therapeutic mechanisms are usually not understood because of the complex chemical compositions of these medicines. In this paper, GC–MS coupled with a chemometric method was developed for analysis of active components in volatile oil from a Chinese herb formulation, “Shao‐Fu‐Zhu‐Yu Decoction”. The volatile oils, obtained by hydrodistillation from “Shao‐Fu‐Zhu‐Yu Decoction” (SFZYD) and its constituent herbs with abundant volatile oil (Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Cinnamomum cassia, Foeniculum vulgare, Zingiber officinale), were chemically analyzed using GC–MS and bioassayed using oxytocin‐induced uterine contraction assay in vitro. Then, a mathematic model relating the chemical compositions and their activities in inhibiting mice uterine contraction was established for hypothesis of the bioactive compounds based on chemometrics. As a result, nine compounds which might contribute to the inhibition of oxytocin‐induced uterine contraction were selected, and the activities of some of them were further confirmed by our experiments and/or the literature. The data suggest that the developed method is helpful for screening bioactive components from complex mixtures, such as the extracts of TCM.
Ultra‐performance LC/TOF MS analysis of medicinal Panax herbs for metabolomic research
Authors: Xie Guoxiang , Plumb Robert , Su Mingming , Xu Zhaohui , Zhao Aihua , Qiu Mingfeng , Long Xiangbao , Liu Zhong , Jia Wei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this study, metabolite profiling of five medicinal Panax herbs including Panax ginseng (Chinese ginseng), Panax notoginseng (Sanchi), Panax japonicus (Rhizoma Panacis Majoris), Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng), and P. ginseng (Korean ginseng) were performed using ultra‐performance LC‐quadrupole TOF MS (UPLC‐QTOFMS) and multivariate statistical analysis technique. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the analytical data showed that the five Panax herbs could be separated into five different groups of phytochemicals. The chemical markers such as ginsenoside Rf, 20(S)‐pseudoginsenoside F11, malonyl gisenoside Rb1, and gisenoside Rb2 accountable for such variations were identified through the loadings plot of PCA, and were identified tentatively by the accurate mass of TOFMS and partially verified by the available reference standards. Results from this study indicate that the proposed method is reliable for the rapid analysis of a group of metabolites present in herbal medicines and other natural products and applicable in the differentiation of complex samples that share similar chemical ingredients.
Human and spatial dimensions of retail density: Revisiting the role of perceived control
Authors: Rompay Thomas J. L. van , Galetzka Mirjam , Pruyn Ad T. H. , Garcia Jaime Moreno 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPrevious research in environmental psychology and consumer behavior has demonstrated mostly negative effects of human density on consumer experience in retail settings. The effects of spatial density, however, have received scant attention. Results from previous studies show that retail density affects shoppers' emotional and behavioral responses through perceived control.Work in social psychology, however, indicates that there are differences in the extent to which people strive for control, suggesting that having control in retail settings may be more important to some consumers than to others. In the experimental study reported in this paper, the effects of both forms of retail density were studied as a function of consumers' desire for control. Results indicate that the effects of human and spatial density vary with consumers' desire for control. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate image and product similarity—Assessing major demand drivers for counterfeits in a multi‐country study
Authors: Penz Elfriede , Stöttinger Barbara 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe demand for counterfeits has become a major headache for brand name manufacturers across the globe. This paper investigates two key demand drivers: (1) corporate image, in the form of evaluative and descriptive judgments of the original manufacturer and the counterfeiter, and (2) product attributes, split into physical, beneficial, and symbolic aspects, and their impact on consumers' intentions to buy fakes, based on the tripartite model of attitudes and by applying Peabody's concept of unconfounding evaluative and descriptive judgments (Peabody, 1984; Peabody & Goldberg, 1989; Saucier, 1994; Saucier, Ostendorf, & Peabody, 2001). In total, 1846 consumers were surveyed in six different countries: the United States, Austria, Mexico, Sweden, Slovakia, and the Ukraine. According to the results, corporate image and product characteristics show a strong impact on the consumers' intention to buy fakes. The relative importance of the concepts' sub‐dimensions, however, differs substantially across the countries selected. With respect to the corporate image, respondents use mainly emotional responses to describe the image of original manufacturers and counterfeiters, and they clearly distinguish them based on image. Product‐level comparisons revealed that looks, functionality, image, and physical appearance differed between originals and fakes across countries, whereas quality and durability of originals and fakes are perceived very similarly. The paper closes with managerial implications and avenues for future research. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consumers' preference shifts under the deletion of common features with varying attractiveness: An examination of competing explanations
Authors: Chiou Wen‐Bin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhen necessary, marketers might delete common features of a promotional package that have also been deleted by competitors. This research examined two hypotheses of how the deletion of common features of varying attractiveness affects consumers' prior preferences. When participants were informed that a common feature of their available choices was unavailable, their preference decreased relatively for one alternative compared with another alternative. This effect was not contingent on the deleted feature's attractiveness. The findings reveal that the deletion of common features tends to motivate consumers to disregard the overall utility of the prior preferred option rather than to activate confirmatory reasoning for consolidating a previous choice. Thus, by deleting common features of a promotional package, marketers risk altering consumers' prior preferences and may lose their advantage over competitors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.