bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contact dermatitis caused by sunless tanning treatment with dihydroxyacetone in hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs
Authors: Kimura Tohru 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDihydroxyacetone (DHAT) is a color additive that is added to sunless tanning products to produce an artificial tan. Although this agent has been used extensively as safe sunless tanning, no published data are available to judge whether the abuse of DHAT causes a potential hazard to the human skin. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether frequent treatment with DHAT solutions had a deleterious effect on the wide skin surface of hairless descendants of Mexican hairless dogs. The skin reactions to the DHAT‐treatment were investigated by daily clinical observations and histopathological examinations (21 and 42 days after the beginning of the DHAT‐treatment). Clinical observations showed that skin color changes were apparent within 6 h after the first treatment with 5% DHAT solutions, with maximal darkening between 12 and 24 h. Twenty‐one days after the beginning of the treatment with 5% DHAT solutions, the skin developed irritant dermatitis, and then the skin lesions gradually became severe during this study. Histopathological examinations showed entire epidermal thickening, 21 days after the beginning of the treatment with 5% DHAT solutions. Forty‐two days after the beginning of the treatment with 5% DHAT solutions, the skin exhibited remarkable epidermal degeneration (hyperplastic and dyskeratotic changes) and moderate inflammatory reactions in the dermis. In severe dermatitic sites, I found focal epidermal necrosis or interepidermal blister formation beneath the thickened parakeatotic corneum. Throughout this study, there were no clinical and histopathological changes in the sites treated with vehicle alone. These results revealed that the skin coloring generated by frequent wide treatments with DHAT caused severe contact dermatitis which was associated with the damaged stratum corneum. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heterobimetallic Aluminum‐Germanium(IV) Disulfides
Authors: Yang Zhi , Ma Xiaoli , Zhang Zhensheng , Roesky Herbert W. , Magull Jörg , Ringe Arne 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThree heterobimetallic aluminum‐germanium(IV) disulfides are synthesized. The reaction of {LAl[(SLi)2(THF)2]}2 (1) (L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with Ph2GeCl2, Me2GeCl2, and GeCl4, respectively, in THF afforded LAl(μ‐S)2GePh2 (2), LAl(μ‐S)2GeMe2 (3) and LAl(μ‐S)2Ge(μ‐S)2AlL (4) in good yields. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 were investigated by elemental analysis, NMR, EI‐MS and 3 was also characterized by single crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
Neues aus der Chemie des Berylliums
Authors: Dehnicke Kurt , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRecent Advances in the Chemistry of BerylliumA review of recent results in coordination chemistry of beryllium halides is given. In accordance with the editors' objective, this Research Report is not a complete review of the literature in this field, but the important literature close to it is considered. The following subjects are presented:(i) Syntheses and structural characterizations of tetraphenylphosphonium salts of [BeCl4]2−, [Be2Cl6]2−, and the unique [Be2F6]2− ion, which are soluble in organic solvents like dichloromethane or acetonitrile. (Ph4P)2[Be2F6]·2CH3CN is also extensively studied by IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations (DFT).(ii) Application of (Ph4)2[Be2Cl6] to prepare donor acceptor complexes with N‐donor ligands D to give complexes [BeCl3(D)]− which are isoelectronical with the corresponding boron compounds [BCl3(D)], including quantum chemical calculations.(iii) Molecular complexes of the type [BeCl2(D)2] with D = phosphorane imines HNPR3 or Me3SiNPR3.(iv) Phosphoraneiminato complexes of beryllium, among these the first example [BeCl(μ‐NPEt3)]4 with a Be4N4 heterocubane skeleton.(v) Azido complexes of several types, including the unique examples with adamantane‐like structure [Be4X4(μ‐N3)6]2− with X = Cl, Br.(vi) Monocationic complexes [BeCl(12‐crown‐4)]+[SbCl4]− and [BeCl(PMDETA)]+Cl− (PMDETA = pentamethyl‐diethylenetriamine).(vii) Dicationic complexes with O‐donor ligands H2O and OSMe2. [Be(OH2)4]Cl2, [Be(OSMe2)4]Cl2, and mixed ligand complexes like [Be(OH2)2(OSMe2)2]Cl2.(viii) Molecular and anionic oxo‐complexes, particularly with μ‐OSiMe3 groups, among these the tetramethyl‐trioxosilanato complex (Ph4P)2[Be4(μ‐Cl)2Cl4(OSiMe2OSiMe2O)2].
Strontium Nitriminotetrazolates – Suitable Colorants in Smokeless Pyrotechnic Compositions
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Tarantik Karina R. , Thoma Ines D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe new compounds strontium 5‐nitriminotetrazolate dihydrate (1), strontium bis(1‐hydro‐5‐nitriminotetrazolate) tetrahydrate (2), strontium bis(1‐methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazolate) monohydrate (3) and strontium bis(2‐methyl‐5‐nitraminotetrazolate)·x H2O (x = 2–4) (4) were synthesized by the reactions of strontium hydroxide octahydrate and 5‐nitriminotetrazole (5), 1‐methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazole (6) and 2‐methyl‐5‐nitraminotetrazole (7), respectively. The compounds were characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, elemental analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The solid state structures of 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined using low temperature X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the sensitivities (impact, friction, electrical discharge) of 1–4 were investigated and their use as red colorants in pyrotechnic compositions was tested.
Bis(3‐endo‐camphoryl)phosphinic Acid, a Non‐Racemic Helical Supramolecular Host with Aquapores
Authors: Beckmann Jens , Duthie Andrew , Rüttinger Roman , Schwich Torsten 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBis(3‐endo‐camphoryl)phosphinic acid (1) was prepared by the reaction of the lithium enolate of D‐(+)‐camphor and phosphorous trichloride followed by an oxidative work up. Compound 1 crystallizes from wet toluene as monohydrate 1·H2O, which was investigated by X‐ray crystallography. Molecules of 1 are associated by strong hydrogen bonds giving rise to the formation of a supramolecular helix. The interior channel of the helix is filled by a one‐dimensional (1D) string of water molecules that are also associated by hydrogen bonding. The 1D string adopts a twisted zigzag conformation. Although the hydrogen bond networks are not cross‐linked both the screw of the helix and the twist of the 1D string of water molecules are left‐handed (M) and controlled by the chiral camphoryl residues situated on the exterior of the helix. The overall supramolecular structure is strongly reminiscent of aquaporin‐1, a significant membrane‐channel protein responsible for the transport of water into the cells.
Zur Kristallchemie der Oxometallate des Hafniums
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Hanskarl 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDer Beitrag zeigt Hf4+ in Oxiden und Oxometallaten mit typischer und untypischer Koordination. HfO6‐Oktaeder existieren außer in den Oxiden des Hafniums in verschiedenen Hf‐Molydaten und ‐Vanadaten. Ein spezielles Merkmal ist die Bildung komplexer Baugruppen um die zueinander isolierten HfO6‐Oktaeder. Beobachtet wurden [HfO3(Mo6O21)]8−‐, [HfO3(Mo12O39)]8−‐ und [HfO3(Rb2O15)]30−. HfO6‐Oktaeder sind ferner in Polyederketten eingelagert. Ein interessanter Gesichtspunkt der Hafnium‐Oxometallate sind Hf/O‐Polyeder mit Koordinationszahlen C.N. > 6. Es sind zum Beispiel zweifach überkappte trigonale Prismen (hp/ht‐HfMo2O8) und dreifach überkappte trigonale Prismen (hp/ht‐HfO2, (Cotunnit‐Typ), die repräsentativ für die C.N. = 8 bzw. C.N. = 9 sind. In fluoritverwandten Verbindungen (Ca2Hf7O16) liegt Hf4+ innerhalb eines fragmentierten Würfels (eine Ecke fehlt). Schließlich treten in einer weiteren trigonalen Form von HfMo2O8 hexagonale HfO12‐Antiprismen (C.N. = 12) auf. In der gleichen Kristallstruktur ist Hafnium trigonal prismatisch (C.N. = 6) koordiniert. Hf hat ferner keine Probleme, mit anderen Elementen statistische Verteilungen einzugehen, es adaptiert die Kristallstruktur des Pyrochlors und der Perowskite unterschiedlichster Verzerrung. Zum Schluß wird über eine fast sauerstofffreie Substanz (Hf9Mo4NiO0,84) berichtet, die interessante Metallcluster aufweist.
M(benzo‐18‐crown‐6)I4 (M = Cd, Hg): Tetraiodide, Iodide–Iodine Adduct, or an Inclusion Compound of Iodine in MI2@(benzo‐18‐crown‐6)?
Authors: Striebinger Ralph , Walbaum Christine , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd 
Published: November 2008

AbstractM(benzo‐18‐crown‐6)I4 (M = Cd, Hg) are obtained as red columnar crystals from the reactions of benzo‐18‐crown‐6 (b18c6), cadmium and mercury iodide, respectively, and iodine in molar ratios of 1:1:2 in acetonitrile. They both crystallize with the orthorhombic crystal system, P212121, a = 833.7(1), b = 1610.9(1), c = 1846.8(1) pm, V = 2480.3(1) 106·pm3, Z = 4, for M = Cd and a = 823.4(1), b = 1616.5(1), c = 1866.1(1) pm, V = 2483.8(2) 106·pm3 for M = Hg. The crystal structures consist of [M(b18c6)]I2 molecules which are connected to a slightly lengthened iodine molecule via a secondary contact, according to the formulation I2@[MI2@(b18c6)].
Preparation and Conformation of Organo‐Bridged Bis[tris(arylchalcogenolato)tin] Compounds – An Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Nayek Hari Pada , Niedermeyer Heiko , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSeven organo‐bridged bis[tris(arylchalcogenolato)tin] compounds with the general formulae (R′E)3Sn–R–Sn(ER′)3 (R = –(CH2)4–, 1,4‐bis(methyl)benzene, 4,4′‐bis(methyl)biphenyl; R′ = Ph, 1‐Np, 2‐Np; E = S, Se) were synthesized and characterized by means of X‐ray diffractometry as well as NMR spectroscopy. Three different conformations of the arylchalcogenolato groups ER′ with respect to the bridging group R were rationalized and explained by means of quantum chemical investigations.
Gewellt und eben – La6(C2)‐Oktaederschichten in Lanthancarbidchloriden
Authors: Mattausch Hansjürgen , Simon Arndt , Kienle Lorenz , Köhler Jürgen , Hoch Constantin , Nuss Jürgen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSheets of La6(C2) Octahedra in Lanthanum Carbide Chlorides – undulated and planeThe reaction of Ln, LnCl3 (Ln = La, Ce) and C yields the hitherto unknown compounds La8(C2)4Cl5, Ce8(C2)4Cl5, La14(C2)7Cl9, La20(C2)10Cl13, La22(C2)11Cl14, La36(C2)18Cl23 and La2(C2)Cl. The gold‐ resp. bronze‐coloured metallic compounds are sensitive to moisture. The reaction temperatures are 1030 °C, 1000 °C, 970 °C, 1020 °C, 1020 °C, 1080 °C and 1030 °C in the order of compounds given, which mostly crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 7.756(1) Å, b = 16.951(1) Å, c = 6.878(1) Å, β = 104.20(1)° (La8(C2)4Cl5), a = 7.669(2) Å, b = 16.784(3) Å, c = 6.798(1) Å, β = 104.05(1)° (Ce8(C2)4Cl5), a = 7.669(2) Å, b = 16.784(3) Å, c = 6.789(1) Å, β = 104.05(3)° (La20(C2)10Cl13), a = 7.770(2) Å, b = 47.038(9) Å, c = 6.901(1) Å, β = 104.28(3)° (La22(C2)11Cl14) and a = 7.764(2) Å, b = 77.055(15) Å, c = 6.897(1) Å, β = 104.26(3)° (La36(C2)18Cl23), respectively. La14(C2)7Cl9‐(II) crystallizes in Pc with a = 7.775(2) Å, b = 29.963(6) Å, c = 6.895(1) Å, β = 104.21(3)° and La2(C2)Cl in C2/c with a = 14.770(2) Å, b = 4.187(1) Å, c = 6.802(1) Å, β = 101.50(3)°. The crystal structures are composed of distorted C2 centered La‐octahedra which are condensed into chains via common edges. Three and four such chains join into ribbons, and these are connected into undulated layers with Cl atoms between them. The variations of the structure principle are analyzed systematically.
Synthese, Strukturen, EPR‐ und NMR‐Untersuchungen von N,N′‐o‐Phenylen‐bis(N″,N″‐dialkyl‐N‴‐benzimidoyl‐thioureato)‐Komplexen des NiII und CuII (alkyl = C2H5, i‐C4H9) sowie des Benzo[b]pyrimido‐[1,6‐d][1,4]diazepin‐12‐ium‐dichlorocuprats(I)
Authors: Rodenstein Axel , Creutzburg Dirk , Schmiedel Peter , Griebel Jan , Hennig Lothar , Kirmse Reinhard 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSynthesis, Structures, EPR and NMR Investigations of N,N′‐o‐Phenylen‐bis(N″,N″‐dialkyl‐N‴‐benzimidoyl‐thioureato) Complexes of NiII and CuII (alkyl = C2H5, i‐C4H9) and of Benzo[b]pyrimido‐[1,6‐d][1,4]diazepin‐12‐ium‐dichlorocuprate(I)The synthesis of NiII and CuII complexes of the quadridentate N,N′‐o‐phenylen‐bis(N″,N″‐dialkyl‐N‴‐benzimidoyl‐thiourea) ligands H2L1 (alkyl = C2H5) and H2L2 (alkyl = i‐C4H9) and the crystal structures of CuIIL1 and NiIIL2 are reported. CuIIL1 crystallizes triclinic, $P{\bar 1}$ (Z = 2) and NiIIL2 crystallizes orthorhombic, Pbca (Z = 8). CuIIL2 could not be obtained as a pure compound; instead of this benzo[b]pyrimido‐[1,6‐d][1,4]diazepin‐12‐ium‐dichlorocuprate(I) was isolated and characterized by NMR investigations (1H, 13C, APT, H,H COSY, HSQC, HMBC) and by X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes monoclinic, P21/n with Z = 4. The CuII complexes were studied by EPR; CuIIL1 in liquid and frozen solutions, CuIIL2 in diamagnetically diluted CuII/NiIIL2 powders. The well‐resolved 14N and the 63,65Cu hyperfine couplings were used to analyze the spin‐density distribution in the first coordination sphere.
Cluster Complexes as anti‐Werner Complexes
Authors: Meyer Gerd 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe nomenclature which Alfred Werner introduced in coordination (complex) chemistry is imposed on cluster compounds, especially on those which contain endohedral atoms to enhance the electron count for intra‐cluster bonding. Formulae are written in a way that, beginning with the central atom, the sequence of coordination spheres is illustrated. For example, the iodide so far mostly written as Cs4Pr6I13C2, a formula which tells nothing about the structure, is then rewritten as follows, {(C2)Pr6}I13Cs4. Cs2Mo6Cl14 would be [{□Mo6}Cl8iCl6a]Cs2. Square brackets, [ ], are used for an anionic or cationic complex which ideally exists in solution, braces, { }, are reserved for clusters with intra‐cluster metal‐metal and/or metal‐interstitial bonding. Whenever feasible other nomenclatures are included, for example Niggli's way to hint at connections as in {(C2)Dy4/1Dy2/2}2{ODy2/2Dy2/2}2I24, or the Schäfer–Schnering nomenclature for ligand functionalities as in {Mo6}Cl8iCl2aCl4/2a‐a. This way of considering cluster complexes as anti‐Werner complexes is especially useful when coordination numbers and polyhedra of endohedral atoms are considered in a systematic way.
Topological Analysis of Mesoporous Solids and Their Ordered Pore Structures by Periodic Nodal Surfaces, PNS
Authors: Zürn Anke , von Schnering Hans Georg 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIt is shown that Periodic Nodal Surfaces, PNS, give a general and easy to use tool to analyze and characterize mesoporous solids. The comparison of PNS ($Ia{\bar 3}d$ Symmetry) with different MCM‐48 micrographs indicates two different possible structure types, both closely related to the structure of analcime, and the possibility of a polymorphism for MCM‐48.
Social factors influence ovarian acyclicity in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Freeman Elizabeth W. , Guagnano Greg , Olson Deborah , Keele Mike , Brown Janine L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNearly one‐third of reproductive age African elephants in North America that are hormonally monitored fail to exhibit estrous cycle activity, which exacerbates the nonsustainability of the captive population. Three surveys were distributed to facilities housing female African elephants to determine how social and environmental variables contribute to cyclicity problems. Forty‐six facilities returned all three surveys providing information on 90% of the SSP population and 106 elephants (64 cycling, 27 noncycling and 15 undetermined). Logistic analyses found that some physiological and social history variables were related to ovarian acyclicity. Females more likely to be acyclic had a larger body mass index and had resided longer at a facility with the same herdmates. Results suggest that controlling the weight of an elephant might be a first step to helping mitigate estrous cycle problems. Data further show that transferring females among facilities has no major impact on ovarian activity. Last, social status appears to impact cyclicity status; at 19 of 21 facilities that housed both cycling and noncycling elephants, the dominant female was acyclic. Further studies on how social and environmental dynamics affect hormone levels in free‐living, cycling elephants are needed to determine whether acyclicity is strictly a captivity‐related phenomenon. Zoo Biol 28:1–15, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simplified method for extracting androgens from avian egg yolks
Authors: Kozlowski Corinne P. , Bauman Joan E. , Caldwell Hahn D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFemale birds deposit significant amounts of steroid hormones into the yolks of their eggs. Studies have demonstrated that these hormones, particularly androgens, affect nestling growth and development. In order to measure androgen concentrations in avian egg yolks, most authors follow the extraction methods outlined by Schwabl (1993. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11446–11450). We describe a simplified method for extracting androgens from avian egg yolks. Our method, which has been validated through recovery and linearity experiments, consists of a single ethanol precipitation that produces substantially higher recoveries than those reported by Schwabl (1993. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11446–11450). Zoo Biol 28:137–143, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of diagnostic mutation analyses for phenylketonuria
Authors: Zschocke J. , Aulehla‐Scholz C. , Patton S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryDNA sequence analyses have become a major component in the diagnostic work‐up of patients; however, limited consideration appears to be given to the possibility that reported results may in fact be wrong. Over the last four years we have carried out an External Quality Assessment scheme for mutation analysis in phenylketonuria. Each year, three DNA samples with previously characterized genotypes were mailed to participating laboratories. Indications for testing were either confirmation of diagnosis and prediction of disease severity, or carrier analysis. Each year there were several laboratories that failed to identify mutations because of methodological limitations. Of the participating laboratories that used comprehensive mutation detection methods, each year there was at least one that missed at least one mutation. Indeed, in the 2007 scheme almost 8% of reports from laboratories that used comprehensive mutation detection methods such as sequencing of all exons of the PAH gene contained incorrect genotypes. There were also serious deficiencies in the interpretation of genotype data: in the 2007 scheme, 6 out of 10 laboratories that obtained full genotyping marks for interpretation incurred a reduction of marks because information on the expected phenotype was missing or wrong. Several laboratories failed to appreciate the clinical relevance of a mutation associated with mild hyperphenylalaninaemia, which does not require treatment, and some discussed the option of prenatal diagnosis in the respective case. In conclusion, mutation analyses may be prone to errors and this demands careful interpretation of results in relation to clinical and biochemical findings.
In situ Polymerization of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Nylon-6 Nanocomposites and Their Electrospun Nanofibers
Authors: Saeed Khalid , Park Soo-Young , Haider Sajjad , Baek Jong-Beom 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotube/nylon-6 nanocomposites (MWNT/nylon-6) were prepared by in situ polymerization, whereby functionalized MWNTs (F-MWNTs) and pristine MWNTs (P-MWNTs) were used as reinforcing materials. The F-MWNTs were functionalized by Friedel-Crafts acylation, which introduced aromatic amine (COC6H4-NH2) groups onto the side wall. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images obtained from the fractured surfaces of the nanocomposites showed that the F-MWNTs in the nylon-6 matrix were well dispersed as compared to those of the P-MWNTs. Both nanocomposites could be electrospun into nanofibers in which the MWNTs were embedded and oriented along the nanofiber axis, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The specific strength and modulus of the MWNTs-reinforced nanofibers increased as compared to those of the neat nylon-6 nanofibers. The crystal structure of the nylon-6 in the MWNT/nylon-6 nanofibers was mostly γ-phase, although that of the MWNT/nylon-6 films, which were prepared by hot-pressing the pellets between two aluminum plates and then quenching them in icy water, was mostly α-phase, indicating that the shear force during electrospinning might favor the γ-phase, similarly to the conventional fiber spinning.
Synthesis of Indium Nanowires by Galvanic Displacement and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Li Haohua , Liang Chaolun , Liu Meng , Zhong Kuan , Tong Yexiang , Liu Peng , Hope Greg A 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Single crystalline indium nanowires were prepared on Zn substrate which had been treated in concentrated sulphuric acid by galvanic displacement in the 0.002 mol L−1In2(SO4)3-0.002 mol L−1SeO2-0.02 mol L−1SDS-0.01 mol L−1citric acid aqueous solution. The typical diameter of indium nanowires is 30 nm and most of the nanowires are over 30 μm in length. XRD, HRTEM, SAED and structural simulation clearly demonstrate that indium nanowires are single-crystalline with the tetragonal structure, the growth direction of the nanowires is along [100] facet. The UV-Vis absorption spectra showed that indium nanowires display typical transverse resonance of SPR properties. The surfactant (SDS) and the pretreatment of Zn substrate play an important role in the growth process. The mechanism of indium nanowires growth is the synergic effect of treated Zn substrate (hard template) and SDS (soft template).
Deficient maternal care resulting from immunological stress during pregnancy is associated with a sex-dependent enhancement of conditioned fear in the offspring
Authors: Schwendener Severin , Meyer Urs , Feldon Joram 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Activation of maternal stress response systems during pregnancy has been associated with altered postpartum maternal care and subsequent abnormalities in the offspring’s brain and behavioral development. It remains unknown, however, whether similar effects may be induced by exposure to immunological stress during pregnancy. The present study was designed to address this issue in a mouse model of prenatal immune activation by the viral mimic polyriboinosinic–polyribocytidilic acid (PolyI:C). Pregnant mice were exposed to PolyI:C-induced immune challenge or sham treatment, and offspring born to PolyI:C- and sham-treated dams were simultaneously cross-fostered to surrogate rearing mothers, which had either experienced inflammatory or vehicle treatment during pregnancy. We evaluated the effects of the maternal immunological manipulation on postpartum maternal behavior, and we assessed the prenatal and postnatal maternal influences on anxiety- and fear-related behavior in the offspring at the peri-adolescent and adult stage of development. We found that PolyI:C treatment during pregnancy led to changes in postpartum maternal behavior in the form of reduced pup licking/grooming and increased nest building activity. Furthermore, the adoption of neonates by surrogate rearing mothers, which had experienced PolyI:C-induced immunological stress during pregnancy, led to enhanced conditioned fear in the peri-adolescent and adult offspring, an effect that was exclusively seen in female but not male subjects. Unconditioned (innate) anxiety-related behavior as assessed in the elevated plus maze and open field explorations tests were not affected by the prenatal and postnatal manipulations. Our results thus highlight that being raised by gestationally immune-challenged surrogate mothers increases the vulnerability for specific forms of fear-related behavioral pathology in later life, and that this association may be mediated by deficits in postpartum maternal care. This may have important implications for the identification and characterization of early-life risk factors involved in the developmental etiology of fear-related neuropsychiatric disorders.