bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of host race, gender, and host plant distribution on alighting behavior, mating, and oviposition in Eurosta solidaginis
Authors: Horner John D. , Craig Timothy P. , Itami Joanne K. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract Eurosta solidaginis Fitch (Diptera: Tephritidae) has formed host races on Solidago altissima L. and Solidago gigantea Ait. (Asteraceae), and reproductive isolation between these host races is brought about in part by host‐associated assortative mating. Any non‐assortative mating creates the potential for gene flow between the populations, and we investigated the conditions that favored non‐assortative mating. We hypothesized that the frequency of non‐assortative mating would be influenced by differences in the behaviors of the host races and sexes and by the presence and pattern of distribution of the two host species. To test these hypotheses, we caged flies on four combinations of 32 potted host plants: all S. altissima, all S. gigantea, and cages with both host species arranged in either two pure species blocks or randomly dispersed. We recorded the number of flies of each host race that alighted on each host species and the frequency of mating within and between the host races. Males of both host races were observed on plants more frequently than females. Flies of the host race from S. gigantea (gig flies) were observed on plants in greater absolute numbers, and they mated more frequently than flies of the host race from S. altissima (alt flies). In all treatments, gig flies of both sexes were found on non‐natal host plants significantly more frequently than alt flies, and gig females showed a weaker preference for their host species than did gig males or alt flies of either gender for their respective natal hosts. Assortative mating predominated in all treatments, and flies from each host race mated more frequently in cages containing their own host plant. The frequency of non‐assortative mating varied among treatments, with the matings between alt ♀ × gig ♂ being more common in the pure S. altissima treatment and the gig ♀ × alt ♂ being more frequent in the pure S. gigantea and random treatments. Matings between gig ♂ × alt ♀ were more common overall than the reciprocal mating, because gig males were more active in pursuing matings and in alighting on the non‐natal host plant than alt flies. Non‐assortative matings were more frequent in the random than in the block treatments, but this difference was not significant. Because of strong selection against oviposition into the alternate host, we hypothesized that host plant distribution would not affect oviposition preference. We tested this hypothesis by examining the oviposition behavior of naïve, mated females in two treatments in which both host species were present: either arranged in blocks or randomly dispersed. Females oviposited only into their natal host, regardless of host plant distribution.
Is selection of host plants by Plagiodera versicolora based on plant‐related performance?
Authors: Egusa Sawako , Nishida Takayoshi , Sawada Hiroichi , Fujisaki Kenji 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPlant‐related performance may be one of the most important factors in the selection of host plants by insect herbivores. We investigated the importance of plant‐related performance in host selection by the willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on four willow species: Salix chaenomeloides Kimura, Salix eriocarpa Fr. et Sav., Salix integra Thunb., and Salix serissaefolia Kimura (Salicaceae). Bagging experiments in the field revealed that the performance of P. versicolora adults and larvae differed significantly among willow species under enemy‐free conditions and at constant densities. Egg clutch and larval abundance were positively related to adult abundance. Plagiodera versicolora adults did not discriminate strongly among willow species for feeding and oviposition. Larval performance did not differ among willow species in the presence of natural enemies, suggesting that interspecific differences in host quality were overridden by mortality from natural enemies. Adult and egg clutch abundance of P. versicolora changed seasonally despite the temporal stability of adult and larval performance under enemy‐free field conditions. Thus, plant‐related performance of P. versicolora adults and larvae may contribute little to population growth and temporal dynamics of host use in P. versicolora. Potential factors that reduce discrimination of P. versicolora among host willow species are discussed.
Photoreceptor atrophy in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy
Authors: Zibrandtsen Nathalie , Munch Inger Christine , Klemp Kristian , Jørgensen Thomas Martini , Sander Birgit , Larsen Michael 
Published: June 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess retinal morphology in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) without ophthalmoscopically visible fundus changes.Methods:  Retrospective case series. Two consecutive patients with bilateral AZOOR with photopsia corresponding to areas of visual field loss and a normal fundus appearance were examined using optical coherence tomography (OCT), automated perimetry and electroretinography (ERG).Results:  Both patients demonstrated photoreceptor atrophy corresponding to partial or complete scotomata with reduced or extinct electroretinographic responses. Attenuation or complete loss of all the segments composing the photoreceptor layer was found by OCT. Full‐field ERG revealed affection of the 30 Hz flicker responses and subnormal photopic responses in both patients and subnormal scotopic responses in case 1. Multifocal electroretinography (mERG) revealed localized outer retinal dysfunction. The field loss was more extensive than the area of photoreceptor loss.Conclusion:  Photoreceptor atrophy can be demonstrated in AZOOR without ophthalmoscopically visible fundus lesions.
Differential expression of S100 protein subtypes in malignant melanoma, and benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Nonaka Daisuke , Chiriboga Luis , Rubin Brian P. 
Published: June 2008

Background:  Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) may simulate various benign and malignant lesions, including benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNSTs) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). The latter case is diagnostically challenging because DM generally show only S100 protein expression but no reaction to melanocytic markers. S100 family of proteins consists of over 20 members. We report on S100 subtypes in malignant melanomas (MMs), and BPNSTs and MPNSTs to investigate differential expression.Design:  S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100B immunostains were performed on 80 MMs including conventional and desmoplastic types, 86 BPNSTs and 77 MPNSTs.Results:  S100A1 expression was seen in > 91% of MMs in a diffuse reaction, whereas BPNSTs showed focal or no reaction. Sixteen percent of MPNSTs focally expressed S100A1 except for one case with diffuse reaction. S100A2 staining was negative or focal in all three groups whereas S100A4 reaction was variable in all three. S100A6 was diffusely expressed in MMs, BPNSTs and MPNSTs. S100B was stained diffusely in MMs and BPNSTs, but its reaction was observed in 30% of MPNSTs in a focal fashion.Conclusion:  S100A1 expression was diffuse in most of MMs but absent or focal in BPNSTs and MPNSTs. This may be helpful to distinguish between the two entities.
Self‐esteem in children with attention and/or learning deficits: the importance of gender
Authors: Ek Ulla , Westerlund Joakim , Holmberg Kirsten , Fernell Elisabeth 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective: Our objective was to analyze self‐esteem in children within a spectrum of attention disorders, that is, besides attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also children with subthreshold ADHD and even milder attention deficits and/or learning problems.Methods: From a population‐based group of 10–11‐year‐old children in a Swedish municipality those with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD (n = 30) and those with milder attention and/or learning problems (n = 64) were targeted for the study. The children completed the ‘I think I am’ scale, reflecting physical appearance, scholastic competence, mental well‐being, relationships to parents and to others and global self‐esteem. Data from boys and girls were compared and related to the parents' and teachers' ratings on the two dimensions of the Conners' 10‐item questionnaire (impulsive‐restless behaviour and emotional lability) and to the children's cognitive levels.Results: Significant gender differences were found, girls reporting lower self‐esteem concerning mental well‐being and poorer relationships with parents and peers. However, children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD did not report significantly lower global self‐esteem when compared to a reference population.Conclusion: Self‐esteem in children with attention, behaviour and/or learning problems has to be carefully evaluated, especially in girls, and measures are needed to prevent a trajectory towards adolescent psychopathology.
Internet-Based Psychological and Oral Medical Treatment Compared to Psychological Treatment Alone for ED
Authors: McCabe Marita , Price Emily 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTIntroductionSexual function through pregnancy and the postpartum period is an important aspect of quality of life. Despite this, prospective studies are limited, and the impact of body image on sexual function has not been explored.AimsThe current study reports on a pilot study that evaluated the effectiveness of a combined Internet-based psychological treatment program and oral medication compared to an Internet-based psychological program.MethodsTwelve men with ED participated in the study.Main Outcome MeasuresAssessments were made pre and postintervention on ED, relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, self-esteem, and quality of life.ResultsMultivariate analyses of variance demonstrated that both treatment conditions showed improvements from pretest to posttest in sexual functioning, relationships, and personal well-being.ConclusionThis study indicates the importance of targeting psychological and relationship variables in the treatment of ED. Further research with larger numbers of participants is necessary for a more rigorous evaluation of treatment programs that combine psychological and medication interventions for ED.
Expression and Activity of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Artificially Induced Low-Flow Priapism in Rat Penile Tissues
Authors: Jin Yong Chun , Gam Sung Chul , Jung Jae Hun , Hyun Jung Suk , Chang Ki Churl , Hyun Jae Seog 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 regulates the vascular smooth muscle tone and responds to hypoxia.

Aim
To investigate the role of HO-1 in a low-flow priapism.

Materials and Methods
Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Each group of rats was sacrificed at 0 hour (group 1, control), 4 hours (group 2), 8 hours (group 3), 12 hours (group 4), and 24 hours (group 5) after inducing an artificial veno-occlusive priapism. The changes of the expression and activity of HO-1, and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the penis were examined in a low-flow priapism. In addition, the HO-1 expression level in the aortas from each group was simultaneously measured to determine whether the changes in HO-1 were systemic.

Main Outcome Measures
The expression and activity of HO-1 was examined in artificially induced veno-occlusive priapism in rat penile tissues.

Results
The expression of the HO-1 protein and the HO-1 enzyme activities in the penile tissues were gradually increased as time increased from 0 to 24 hours (P &lt; 0.01). HO-1 immunoreactivities were localized in the endothelial layer of the cavernosal sinusoids. The expression of iNOS were also increased at 12 and 24 hours. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate level was also significantly increased at 24 hours (P &lt; 0.05). However, the expression of the eNOS protein showed no statistically significant change with time, and the expression of the HO-1 protein in the aorta also showed no significant change with time.

Conclusion
A higher induction of HO-1 with time was observed in artificially induced veno-occlusive priapism, which might play a protective role against hypoxic injury. However, this may also play an important role in the vicious circle observed in a low-flow priapism.
A two-zone synchrotron model for the knots in the M87 jet
Authors: Sahayanathan S. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The flux and the spectral index in the X-ray energy band from the knots of the M87 jet as observed by Chandra indicate a possible synchrotron origin but cannot be explained by simple one-zone models with continuous injection of non-thermal electrons. In this Letter we propose a two-zone model to explain the observed spectra of the knots of the M87 jet. We consider the synchrotron emission from a region with a tangled magnetic field where relativistic non-thermal electrons are continuously injected in from an associated acceleration region. The acceleration region is assumed to be a compact zone possibly around a shock front. A power-law distribution of electrons is injected into the acceleration region and accelerated to a maximum energy determined by the acceleration time-scale and the loss processes. With the present model we are able to explain the overall broad-band features of the knots of the M87 jet. Also the present model predicts a change in spectral index at ultraviolet energies, and future observations at these energies, can be used to constrain the parameters involved in the model.
Bulk Compton motion in the luminous quasar 4C04.42?
Authors: De Rosa A. , Bassani L. , Ubertini P. , Malizia A. , Dean A. J. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
We present the broadband analysis of the powerful quasar 4C04.42 (z= 0.965) observed by XMM–Newton and INTEGRAL. The 0.2–200 keV spectrum is well reproduced with a hard power-law component (Γ∼ 1.2), augmented by a soft component below 2 keV (observer frame), which is described by a thermal blackbody with temperature kT ⋍ 0.15 keV. Alternatively, a broken power law with Ebreak= 2 keV and ΔΓ= 0.4 can equally well describe the data. Using archival data we compile the not-simultaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) of the source from radio to gamma-ray frequencies. The SED shows two main components: the low frequency one produced by Synchrotron radiation from the electrons moving in the jet and the high-energy one produced through external Compton scattering of the electrons with the photon field of the broad line region. Within this scenario the excess emission in the soft X-ray band can be interpreted as due to bulk Compton radiation of cold electrons. However, some other processes, briefly discussed in the text, can also reproduce the observed bump.
Human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinomas: correlation with histologic variables and survival outcome in a high risk population
Authors: Ali S.M.A. , Awan M.S. , Ghaffar S. , Salahuddin I. , Khan S. , Mehraj V. , Pervez S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim:  Cancer of the oral cavity is extremely prevalent in Pakistan. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to play a role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and may even improve overall and disease‐free survival. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and types of HPV in a high risk population and its correlation with overall and disease‐free survival, chewing habits and histologic variables.Material and methods:  A total of 140 patients of OSCC, having a long‐term follow‐up, were included in this study. HPV‐general and type‐specific 16 and 18 infection were investigated by means of polymerase chain reaction.Results:  Out of 140 patients, HPV was detected in 95 (68%) patients, out of whom, 85 (90%) contained HPV16. HPV positive patients had comparatively prolonged overall survival when compared with HPV‐negative patients, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.97). HPV presence was also not found to correlate significantly with disease‐free survival (P = 0.58). The male were significantly correlated [odds ratio (OR) = 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–4.84] with the HPV infection. Betel quid chewer were comparatively more prone to HPV positivity (OR = 2; 95% CI = 1.1–4.31).Conclusion:  Our study found a high prevalence of HPV16 in OSCC of Pakistani patients with male sex showing significant correlation with HPV infection. However, we did not find a statistically significant favourable association between HPV, survival and histologic variables. Borderline significance of HPV positivity was also seen with betel quid chewing (P = 0.049).
Accidental displacement of a mandibular third molar crown into the parapharyngeal space during extraction
Authors: Kamburoğlu K. , İlker Cebeci A.R. , Erdem E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAn unusual accidental displacement of a mandibular third molar crown into the parapharayngeal space in an adult female patient is reported. In combination with clinical examination, conventional and advanced radiographic techniques were utilised in order to locate the crown for retrieval surgery. Under general anaesthesia, an incision starting from buccal sulcus towards distobuccal angle of the second molar at gingival margin was extended to the coronoid process. The dislodged crown was found by means of blunt dissection and grasped with a pair of artery forceps and removed.
Comparative study of fracture torque for orthodontic mini‐implants of different trademarks
Authors: Pithon M. , Nojima L. , Nojima M. , Ruellas A.C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:  To assess the maximum fracture torque of orthodontic mini‐implants of different trade marks.Materials and methods:  Seventy‐five orthodontic mini‐implants were divided into five groups (n = 15) according to their respective manufacturers, namely, groups M, N, S, I and T. The mini‐implants were inserted into the swine femoral cortical bone with approximately 8 mm in thickness and a digital torque gauge was perpendicularly positioned to the bone surface. The values obtained from the experiment were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test.Results:  Group S had the highest values for fracture torque (mean = 99.15 N/cm2), whereas Group N had the lowest ones (mean = 49.6 N/cm2). No statistically significant differences were found between groups M and N (P = 0.904), M and T (P = 0.810), and I and T (P = 0.990).Conclusions:  The mini‐implants of Group S were found to be the most resistant to fracture compared with other groups. The resistance to fracture is directly related to the mini‐implant format, which helps distributing the force between the head and active part of the mini‐implant.
Long‐term biomechanical properties of rabbit cornea after photodynamic collagen crosslinking
Authors: Wollensak Gregor , Iomdina Elena 
Published: June 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  Photodynamic riboflavin/ultraviolet‐A (UVA)‐induced collagen cross‐linking, which increases the biomechanical stiffness of the human cornea by about 300%, has been introduced recently as a possible treatment for progressive keratoconus. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the longterm biomechanical effects of this new cross‐linking treatment as a necessary prerequisite to its clinical success.Methods:  The corneas of the left eyes of nine male rabbits were cross‐linked. The contralateral eyes served as controls. After removal of the central 7 mm of the epithelium, the corneas were treated with the photosensitizer riboflavin and UVA irradiation for 30 mins with an irradiance of 3 mW/cm2 using a 370‐nm UVA double diode. Groups of three animals were killed immediately after treatment and at 3 and 8 months, respectively. Biomechanical stress–strain measurements were performed using a microcomputer‐controlled biomaterial tester on 4 × 10‐mm corneal strips.Results:  Corneal thickness in the treated rabbit cornea was 408 ± 20 μm. A constant and significant increase in ultimate stress (of 69.7–106.0%), Young’s modulus of elasticity (of 78.4–87.4%) and a decrease in ultimate strain (of 0.57–78.4%) were found over a time period of up to 8 months after cross‐linking treatment.Conclusions:  Riboflavin/UVA‐induced collagen cross‐linking leads to a longterm increase in biomechanical rigidity which remains stable over time. These data support our previous longterm clinical observations and give hope that this new treatment will halt progressive keratoconus definitively.
Photodynamic therapy with intravitreal application of triamcinolone acetonide in age‐related macular degeneration: functional results in 54 patients
Authors: Frimpong‐Boateng Adjoa , Bunse Arnd , Rüfer Florian , Roider Johann 
Published: June 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aimed to investigate the functional results, efficacy and complications after photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) in patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods:  A retrospective analysis of clinical data for 54 patients with CNV resulting from AMD was carried out. All patients had a follow‐up of 12 months. The patients were treated with standardized PDT and IVTA (4 mg) as a first‐line treatment or following PDT failure. Visual acuity (VA), greatest linear diameter (GLD) of the CNV and foveal thickness were evaluated.Results:  Mean VA at baseline was 0.8 logMAR (0.4–1.4). After 12 months VA improved (> 2 lines) in 20.4% of patients and stabilized (± 2 lines) in 64.8%. There was no statistical significance in VA outcome between patients undergoing first‐line treatment and patients with PDT failure; however, fewer PDT treatments were required to stop CNV activity in patients undergoing first‐line treatment. At 12 months, a reduction in foveal thickness was seen in 67.7% of patients and a reduction in CNV GLD in 32.7%. Complications occurred in 22% of patients and included a transient rise in intraocular pressure, cataract and sterile hypopyon.Conclusions:  Our analysis shows that fewer PDT treatments were required to stop CNV activity when triamcinolone was used as first‐line treatment. We can thus conclude that PDT combines synergistically with IVTA and the combination may lead to a cost reduction compared with PDT therapy alone. The overall complication rate of 22% is high and must be compared with complication rates caused by new intravitreal anti‐VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs in combination with PDT.