bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intradermal use of human diploid cell vaccine for preexposure rabies immunizations
Authors: Dreesen David W. , Sumner John W. , Brown John , Kemp Douglas T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a study involving 240 faculty, students, and staff at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 0.1 ml of a rabies human diploid cell vaccine administered intradermally on days 0, 7, and 28 induced adequate rabies antibody (≥0.5 IU/ml of serum) in all subjects by day 49. There were no significant differences in mean titers between groups of individuals with different rabies immunization histories by using a newly proposed index system for reporting such titers. It was shown that if there was a titer on the day the initial dose was given, it had no bearing on the titer 49 days later. Less than 1% of all the injections resulted in severe reactions, ie, muscular pain, headache, or pain at the site of injection. It was concluded that intradermal use of a low dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine will induce adequate antibody titers in persons at risk to rabies.
Veterinary food hygiene in the year 2000: Circumstances and needs
Authors: Heidelbaugh Norman D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A series of surveys was conducted among veterinarians engaged in food hygiene, public health, and/or preventive medicine practice. The objective was to identify the circumstances and needs in veterinary food hygiene for the year 2000. Circumstances were defined as the external factors that influence veterinary food hygiene (eg, perspectives, general technologic advances in society, social expectations). Needs were defined as the internal resources that are essential to the practice of veterinary food hygiene (eg, goals, evaluations, personnel, communications, technology). The results of the surveys could be useful in the design of innovations for veterinary food hygiene programs.
Valved apico-aortic conduit for relief of left ventricular hypertension caused by discrete subaortic stenosis in dogs
Authors: Breznock E. M. , Whiting P. , Pendray D. , Thomas B. , Strack D. , Bauer T. , Koblik P. , Hornof W. , Ludders J. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A double-outlet left ventricle (LV), with a valved conduit interposed between the LV apex and the aorta, was created in 7 dogs with subaortic stenosis. Of 8 dogs in which the implantation was attempted, 1 died following thoracotomy but before conduit implantation could be performed, 1 died from hemorrhage 24 hours after surgery, 1 died from septicemia as a sequel to pneumonia 10 days after surgery, 1 died from “shock-lung” 4 days after surgery, and 4 were functionally normal 22, 12, 6, and 2 months after surgery.
In the 7 dogs in which the implantation was completed, the mean LV to aorta (LV-Ao) pressure gradient was significantly (P<0.01) reduced by the implantation. Diastolic and systolic murmurs were detected over the prosthetic valve area in 3 of the 4 surviving dogs 1 to 4 days postoperatively, but the murmurs gradually decreased in intensity until they disappeared after 1 month. The 4 survivors had no angiographic evidence of prosthetic valve insufficiency at 2 months or at 1 year. In 3 of the survivors, the LV-Ao pressure gradients 2 months postoperatively were 45, 20, and 0 mm of Hg, as compared with 120, 90, and 50 mm of Hg preoperatively. Postoperative pressure measurements were not obtained on 1 surviving dog.
Myasthenia gravis in two cats
Authors: Indrieri Richard J. , Creighton Stanley R. , Lambert Edward H. , Lennon Vanda A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A case of the autoimmune form of myasthenia gravis and a case of what is probably a congenital form of myasthenia gravis were diagnosed in 2 unrelated cats. Neuromuscular weakness exacerbated by exercise was a prominent feature in both cats. Weakness was eliminated temporarily by administration of anticholinesterase drugs. Serum autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptors of skeletal muscle were present in the 1st cat and were not detected in the 2nd cat. A characteristic decrement in the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential during repetitive stimulation of the motor nerve was elicited in the 2nd cat. There was marked electromyographic improvement in response to anticholinesterase drugs. Electromyography was not performed in the 1st cat.
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a dog
Authors: Rohrig Kent E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cytochemical stains and morphologic characteristics were essential in making the correct diagnosis in a dog with acute myelomonocytic leukemia, which initially was diagnosed as lymphoblastic leukemia. Response to a treatment regimen of cytosine arabinoside, thioguanine, vincristine, and doxorubicin, besides accomplishing complete remission, helped revise the initial diagnosis to acute myelomonocytic leukemia. After remission was achieved, the dog died of a fulminating viral infection.
Eastern white-tailed deer as a reservoir of ruminant paratuberculosis
Authors: Chiodini Rodrick J. , Van Kruiningen Herbert J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten white-tailed deer were shot and killed at a Connecticut farm that had a 6-year history of bovine paratuberculosis, and organs from these animals were examined for evidence of paratuberculosis. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the cecal lymph node, terminal ileum, and ileocecal valve of 1 deer and from the cecal lymph node of another. Characteristic lesions and acid-fast bacilli were not observed. It was concluded that infected deer could serve as sources of infection for domestic stock.
Nonstrangulated colonic displacement in horses
Authors: Hackett Richard P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nonstrangulated colonic displacement was diagnosed by exploratory celiotomy in 32 horses with acute abdominal pain. Clinical signs progressed slowly and included evidence of mild to moderate abdominal pain, good cardiovascular status, reduced intestinal sounds, and normal peritoneal fluid, and resembled those of colonic impaction. In most horses, rectal palpation supported a diagnosis of colonic obstruction but not a diagnosis of colonic impaction.
Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with extraocular disease in the horse
Authors: McLaughlin Susan A. , Brightman Alan H. , Helper Lloyd C. , Manning John P. , Tomes Jason E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 123 cases of external ocular disease in the horse, pathogenic microorganisms isolated with greatest frequency were Streptococcus sp (43.9%), Staphylococcus sp (24.2%), and Pseudomonas sp (13.8%). Fungi were isolated in 4.8% of the cases. In vitro testing showed that most of the Streptococcus sp isolants were sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. Most of the Staphylococcus sp isolants were sensitive to gentamicin, cephalothin, and bacitracin. Most of the Pseudomonas sp isolants were sensitive to polymyxin B and gentamicin.
Prosthetic repair of large abdominal wall defects in horses and food animals
Authors: Tulleners Eric P. , Fretz Peter B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prosthetic repair of large abdominal wall defects, using either a knitted polypropylene or woven plastic mesh, was performed on 25 horses and 27 food animals. Follow-up ranging from 3 months to 8 years was available on 23 horses and 21 food animals with normal cosmetic body wall appearance and return to full function in 36 patients (82%). Two horses (4.5%) did not reherniate but had persistent incisional drainage for 6 months and 5 years, respectively, and in 2 food animals (4.5%), reherniation due to infection necessitated mesh removal. Irreversible peritonitis following mesh implantation resulted in the death of 4 animals (9%).
In food animals, hernias of sufficient size to necessitate prosthetic reconstruction were most commonly caused by umbilical hernias without previous repair in older heifers, umbilical hernias that had been repaired unsuccessfuly 1 or more times, and incisional hernias following right paramedian abomasopexy or ventral midline celiotomy. In horses, traumatic hernias, ventral midline incisional hernias, and hernias associated with pregnancy (flank or prepubic area) most commonly required mesh herniorrhaphy.
Careful attention to aseptic technique, hemostasis, and gentle soft tissue handling was important. Although not always anatomically possible, ideally 2 layers of mesh were placed retroperitoneally to reduce intra-abdominal inflammation and adhesions, believed to be a potential cause of major complications. An onlay fibrous hernial flap to reinforce the mesh was desirable but not essential for successful outcome. Postoperative abdominal bandaging when anatomically possible was believed to have helped reduce seroma formation. Exercise was limited to hand walking for 60 days after surgery, and each animal was confined to a clean, bedded box stall.
Both types of synthetic mesh were equally effective in repairing large fascial defects. The woven plastic mesh used on 39 animals was approximately 39 times less expensive than the knitted polypropylene mesh. Also, because it was less elastic, it appears to have resulted in less abdominal wall sagging, especially when used to span large defects for which only subcutaneous tissue and skin were available to cover the mesh.
Control of periparturient rise in worm egg counts of lambing ewes
Authors: Herd R. P. , Streitel R. H. , McClure K. E. , Parker C. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Crossbred ewes naturally infected with nematodes had a marked periparturient rise in fecal egg counts, consisting of a primary peak 2 to 4 weeks after the start of lambing and a smaller secondary peak at 10 to 12 weeks. The same pattern was seen in early-lambing (March) as well as late-lambing (July) ewes even though their worms were derived from different sources. Larval culturing showed that eggs were derived from Haemonchus spp, Ostertagia spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Nematodirus spp, and Strongyloides sp.
Under conditions of minimal reinfection, the periparturient rise was completely eliminated by prelambing treatments with levamisole (8 mg/kg) or a high dosage of fenbendazole (15 mg/kg), but not a low dosage of fenbendazole (5 mg/kg). The failure of fenbendazole at low dosage was attributed to worm resistance. Prelambing treatment of ewes was superior to postlambing treatment because egg counts already had reached the primary peak by the time of the postlambing treatment.
It was concluded that ewes in northern temperate, nonarid areas of the United States should be treated at winter housing with an anthelmintic that kills arrested larvae, thus preventing maturation to adults and participation in the periparturient rise. Late-lambing ewes would require an additional treatment just before or at lambing if they had grazed spring pastures contaminated with overwintered larvae. Ewes should be kept indoors or moved to a safe pasture following treatment in order to avoid immediate reinfection.
Vitamin A-responsive dermatosis in the dog
Authors: Ihrke Peter J. , Goldschmidt Michael H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 3 dogs, focal, well-circumscribed skin lesions compatible clinically with seborrheic dermatitis responded to oral treatment with vitamin A. Skin biopsy findings were compatible with phrynoderma in man, a disease thought to be associated with vitamin A deficiency. The dogs had been fed commercial dog food and were otherwise healthy. The skin lesions resolved rapidly and completely with vitamin A therapy. Seven other dogs with similar lesions but with histopathologic findings not compatible with phrynoderma or follicular keratosis did not respond to vitamin A therapy.
Bacterial endocarditis in adult dairy cattle
Authors: Power H. T. , Rebhun W. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-one cases of bacterial endocarditis in adult dairy cows were reviewed. Clinical signs were reflective of the stage of the disease. Recurrent or persistent fever, tachycardia and a pounding heartbeat or systolic murmur, polypnea, and lameness were typical. With chronicity, weight loss and poor production developed. The end stage was congestive heart failure. Neutrophilia was typical in early cases. Low-grade anemia and high total serum globulin content developed with chronicity and seemed to be negative prognostic signs. Corynebacterium pyogenes was the organism most frequently identified by blood culture or at necropsy. Twenty cows were necropsied and 2 cows were sent to slaughter. Nine cows in which the diagnosis was made early in the course of the disease responded to long-term penicillin therapy.
Cause and pathogenesis of middle ear infection in young feedlot cattle
Authors: Jensen Rue , Maki L. R. , Lauerman L. H. , Raths W. R. , Swift B. L. , Flack D. E. , Hoff R. L. , Hancock H. A. , Tucker J. O. , Horton D. P. , Weibel J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two populations of feedlot cattle—weaned calves and yearlings—suffered otitis media. In calves the disease was acute and epizootic and had a prevalence of about 400 cases per 2000 cattle, whereas in yearlings, it was chronic and sporadic and had a prevalence of 1 case per 2000 cattle. Clinical signs were facial paralysis, otorrhea, and head tilt.
The middle ears from 64 dead calves and 22 dead yearlings were examined. Calf ears had acute infection, with exudate in air cells and rupture of tympanic membranes. Yearling ears had chronic infection, with exudate in air cells, rupture or destruction of tympanic membranes, and necrosis of air cell partitions.
Mixtures of Pasteurella multocida and Corynebac-terium pseudotuberculosis were isolated from diseased ears, but Pasteurella multocida predominated in acute infections and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis predominated in chronic infections.
Thymic branchial cysts in the dog and cat
Authors: Liu Si-kwang , Patnaik Amiya K. , Burk Ronald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Branchial cysts of the thymus were diagnosed in 15 dogs and 2 cats. The main clinical sign was dyspnea. Pleural effusion varied in degree from minimal to severe. In all animals, an encapsulated mass in the cranial mediastinal region was found to consist of multiple epithelial cysts embedded in a stroma of fibrous connective tissue, adipose tissue, and vessels. Surgical resection of the cysts was performed in 7 dogs; 3 dogs survived and were clinically normal for 18 to 36 months.
Comparison of duodenal aspiration with fecal flotation for diagnosis of giardiasis in dogs
Authors: Pitts Roger P. , Twedt David C. , Mallie Kathleen A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a study comparing the effectiveness of fecal flotation and duodenal aspiration for detection of Giardia sp, 18 of 47 dogs were found to be infected. The organism was identified on a single fecal flotation in 7 of the infected dogs, and on a single duodenal aspiration in 16 of the infected dogs. In 2 dogs, the organism was identified by fecal flotation, but not on duodenal aspiration.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: Review of the neurologic form in 30 cases
Authors: Norman Susan , Smith Mary C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A pronounced age predisposition was noticed in a study of 30 goats with the neurologic form of caprine arthritis-encephalitis. Most affected animals were between 2 and 4 months of age, but ages ranged from 1 month to 20 years.
Clinically, mild to moderate fever was recorded for approximately half of the patients. Brain involvement (in 16 of 30 goats) was most commonly identified by depression, head tilt, torticollis, and circling. Signs of spinal cord involvement were most frequently those of white matter damage: hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and para- or tetraparesis. In approximately 90% of patients, there were increases in protein content and wbc numbers in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Microscopic lesions were most frequent in the brain and cervical portion of the spinal cord and consisted of a nonsuppurative inflammatory response and demyelination with preservation of axons.
Multiple endocrine abnormalities in Basenji dogs with renal tubular dysfunction
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Ochoa Ricardo , Waltman Celeste 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three Basenji dogs with renal tubular dysfunction were studied. Hyposthenuria and diminished urine concentrating ability, indicative of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, were documented. Metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, and reduction in glomerular filtration rate also were detected in all dogs.
In addition, an exaggerated response to the adrenocorticotropin test and hyperaldosteronism, believed to be secondary to decreased effective circulating blood volume, were detected in all 3 dogs. Thyroxine values were decreased in all dogs and could be correlated with histopathologic changes of the thyroid gland in 2 dogs. Gastropathy and hypergastrinemia were identified in 2 dogs. Diffuse lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis was evident in 2 dogs.
It was concluded that a urine concentrating defect that may be secondary to hypercortisolism exists in Basenji dogs with renal tubular dysfunction.
Acute vitamin D3 toxicosis in horses: Case reports and experimental studies of the comparative toxicity of vitamins D2 and D3
Authors: Harrington Daniel D. , Page Edwin H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acute vitamin D toxicosis was diagnosed in 2 horses fed a grain ration containing 1,102,311 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)/kg (500,000 IU/lb) for about 30 days. Horse 1 died acutely with extensive mineralization of cardiovascular and other soft tissues. Horse 2, which had severe clinical signs and clinicopathologic changes of toxicosis, was treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and recovered in about 6 months.
In an experimental study, the toxicity of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol was compared in 2 horses (No. 3 and 4) given the respective vitamins at a daily dosage of 33,000 IU/kg of initial (day 0) body weight for 30 days. Except for slight loss in body weight (8%) during the 1st few days of treatment, horse 3 remained clinically normal. Horse 4 developed limb stiffness and tachycardia, became anorectic, weak, and recumbent, lost 29% of body weight, and had polydipsia and polyuria. Horses 2, 3, and 4 developed persistent hyperphosphatemia. Horse 2 remained normocalcemic whereas horses 3 and 4 became hypercalcemie by day 28. In horse 3, serum vitamin D2 metabolite concentrations on days 0, 1, 14, and 26 were: vitamin D2 (ng/ml) = <5.0, 5.7, 71.4, and 188.0; 25-hydroxy-vitamin D2 (ng/ml) = <5.0, <5.0, 43.1, and 117.5; and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (pg/ml) = 19.7, 23.2, 25.0, and 45.7, respectively. In horse 4, serum vitamin D3 metabolite concentrations on the same days were: vitamin D3 (ng/ml) = <5.0, 110.0, 1,049.0, and 887.0; 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (ng/ml) = <5.0, 18.9, 201.0 and 182.0; and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (pg/ml) = 21.5, 18.9, 25.2, and 21.6, respectively. Urine of horses 2 and 4 became acidic (pH 6). Horses 2,3, and 4 became hyposthenuric, but the decrease in urine specific gravity (sp gr) in horse 3 occurred only after 3 weeks of treatment and was only moderate (sp gr, 1.018 to 1.021) and nonprogressive. Hyposthenuria was evident in horse 4 on day 4 (sp gr, 1.028), and was progressive and marked (sp gr, days 28 to 32: 1.006 to 1.009). Urine sp gr of horse 2 ranged from 1.002 to 1.007. Fractures were demonstrated radiographically and histologically in the costochondral junctions of horses 3 and 4. Mineralization of cardiovascular and other soft tissues developed in horses 3 and 4, with lesions being more severe and having a wider tissue distribution in horse 4.
Secondary closure of infected abdominal incisions in cattle and horses
Authors: Tulleners Eric P. , Donawick William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Infected abdominal incisions in 7 cattle and 3 horses were resutured with monofilamentous stainless steel retention sutures. After debridement of devitalized and infected tissue, wound edges were apposed with simple interrupted vertical (5 cattle, 3 horses) or horizontal (2 cattle) mattress sutures, placed through all layers of the body wall. Sutures were preplaced 2 to 3 cm apart over rubber tubing, 3 to 5 cm from wound edges. In 5 of the 10 operations, skin and subcutaneous tissue were left unsutured. The repaired wounds were supported with an encircling elastic roll bandage and sterile compresses. Animals were confined to a box stall for approximately 60 days. Steel sutures and rubber tubing were removed when they no longer provided support, usually 14 to 21 days after placement. Superficial wound infection and local pressure necrosis resulted from the suturing, but resolved with additional surgical or medical treatment, debridement, or irrigation with dilute povidone-iodine solution. Cosmetic and functional healing resulted in 7 of the animals.
Atrial fibrillation in cows: Clinical findings and therapeutic considerations
Authors: McGuirk S. M. , Muir W. W. , Sams R. A. , Rings D. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a 3-year period, atrial fibrillation (af) was diagnosed in 16 dairy cows between the ages of 2 and 11 years. Ten cows had af when they were referred to the hospital and 6 cows developed af while hospitalized. The chief reason for hospitalization in 15 of the cows was a gastrointestinal problem. Characteristic ausculatory findings were irregular rhythm (mean rate ± sd: 94 ± 25 beats/min), variation in the intensity of heart sounds, and absence of the 4th heart sound. The electrocardiographic features of af were ventricular and F wave (mean ± sd) rates of 94.4 ± 24.8 and 272.7 ± 53.3 beats/min, respectively. The most common electrolyte disorders were hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and hypokalemia. Some of the cows had no acid-base imbalance, but metabolic alkalosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis were found in other cows. Conversion to normal sinus rhythm (nsr) without specific therapy was documented by electrocardiography in 6 cows. In 7 of 9 cows treated with quinidine sulphate or quinidine gluconate, the af converted to nsr. Quinidine plasma concentration at the time of conversion ranged from 2.2 to 24 µg/ml.
Four cows died while they were hospitalized. Only 1 cow was in af at the time of death and in no case was death attributed to af. A follow-up on each of the survivors indicated that the persistence of af was associated with poor performance and progressive cardiac disease, whereas conversion to nsr uniformly led to clinical improvement.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in six horses
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Beech Jill 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) was diagnosed as a secondary disease in 6 horses. Four horses had localized and/or systemic sepsis, one horse had disseminated neoplasia, and one had idiopathic ulcerative enteropathy. The diagnosis of dic was based on the finding of at least 3 of 4 abnormalities: thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and a high concentration of fibrinolytic degradation products. The most common clinical signs other than those attributable to the primary disease process were abnormal hemorrhage (4 hours) and venous thrombosis (4 horses). All horses eventually died or were euthanatized because of the severity of the primary disease.
Causes of death of infant rhesus and squirrel monkeys
Authors: Padovan Dennis , Cantrell Connie 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The necropsy records of 144 infant rhesus monkeys and 38 infant squirrel monkeys that died during a 2-year period at the Delta Regional Primate Research Center were reviewed for causes of deaths and other clinically important findings. Bronchopneumonia, enteric diseases, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections were the most frequent causes of death in infant rhesus monkeys. Trauma was the most frequent cause of death in squirrel monkeys less than 1 month old and bronchopneumonia was the most frequent cause of death in older squirrel monkey infants.