bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older individuals appear to acquire mitotically older colorectal cancers
Authors: Woo Yen‐Jung , Siegmund Kimberly D , Tavaré Simon , Shibata Darryl 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe incidence of many common cancers increases with ageing. The purpose of this study is to infer whether cancer mitotic ages (total numbers of divisions since the zygote) also increase with chronological age. Mitotic ages may be inferred by counting numbers of replication errors or neutral passenger changes. Methylation at certain CpG‐rich sequences or ‘tags’ appears to be proportional to mitotic age, because age‐related increases in tag methylation are observed in mitotic tissues such as the colon. Such passenger tag methylation was measured by bisulphite sequencing from 16 colorectal cancers from differently aged male individuals. Both normal colon and cancers exhibited significant age‐related increases in tag methylation, but cancer methylation was significantly higher. Therefore, older individuals appear to have mitotically older colorectal cancers. Cell division per se may be an important mechanism underlying the increased incidence of colorectal cancer with ageing, because the neoplastic phase appears more commonly to start from mitotically older crypt stem cells. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of multiple bladder tumour recurrences in relation to the FGFR3 mutation status of the primary tumour
Authors: Kompier Lucie C , van der Aa Madelon NM , Lurkin Irene , Vermeij Marcel , Kirkels Wim J , Bangma Chris H , van der Kwast Theodorus H , Zwarthoff Ellen C 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNon‐muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMI‐BCs) represent 75% of bladder cancers upon presentation. After removal of the primary tumour by transurethral resection, multiple recurrences continue to develop in 70% of patients. Consequently, prolonged and costly surveillance by cystoscopy is required. Mutations in the FGFR3 oncogene are common in NMI‐BCs and are associated with a lower chance of progression to muscle‐invasive disease. Here we analysed the consistency of FGFR3 mutations in primary and recurrent tumours. This knowledge is of crucial importance if FGFR3 mutation analysis on urinary cells is to be used as an alternative for cystoscopical surveillance. To this end, we monitored the disease process and FGFR3 mutation status of primary and recurrent tumours in 118 patients with NMI‐BC. During median follow‐up of 8.8 years, these patients underwent 2133 cystoscopies and 80 patients developed 414 recurrences. FGFR3 mutations were equally prevalent in primary and recurrent tumours (63%). Patients can have different types of FGFR3 mutations in different tumours. Recurrence risk was not significantly different for patients with a mutant or wild‐type primary tumour. Recurrence rates varied widely between patients but were constant for a patient and were unrelated to FGFR3 status. In the mutant patient group, in contrast to the wild‐type group, recurrences continued to develop after 10 years. In 81% of the recurrences of patients with a mutant primary tumour, a mutation was found. Moreover, recurrences in this patient group were of lower stage and grade than those of patients with a wild‐type primary tumour (p < 0.001). These results suggest that surveillance by FGFR3 mutation analysis on voided urine in combination with a reduced cystoscopy frequency of patients presenting with an FGFR3 mutant tumour is worth investigating. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent effects in the decomposition reaction of some products formed by the reaction of sorbic acid with sodium nitrite: 1,4‐dinitro‐2‐methylpyrrole and ethylnitrolic acid
Authors: Pérez‐Prior M. Teresa , Manso José A. , Gómez‐Bombarelli Rafael , González‐Pérez Marina , Céspedes Isaac F. , García‐Santos M. Pilar , Calle Emilio , Casado Julio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA kinetic study of the decomposition reaction of 1,4‐dinitro‐2‐methylpyrrole (NMP) and ethylnitrolic acid (ENA), both formed in the reaction between sorbic acid and sodium nitrite was performed in the 3.5–4.2 pH range in water/dioxane mixtures. Conclusions were drawn as follows: (i) The decomposition of NMP occurs through nucleophilic attack by OH− ions, the rate equation being: r = kdecNMP [OH− ][NMP]. (ii) The rate law for the decomposition of ENA is: r = $k_{dec}^{ENA}$ [ENA]Ka/(Ka + [H+]), Ka being the ENA dissociation constant. (iii) The value of Ka decreases when the water/dioxane ratio decreases, log Ka being proportional to the Onsager parameter (ϵ − 1)/(2ϵ + 1). This permits the equilibrium between non‐dissociated and the dissociated forms of ENA to be rationalized. (iv) No appreciable variation in the ΔH# and ΔS# values with composition of the medium was observed, either in the NMP decomposition reaction, or in the ENA decomposition reaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of imidazole derivatives functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wan Li , Wang Xianbao , Wang Shimin , Li Shaoqing , Li Qin , Tian Rong , Li Mingjian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe imidazole derivatives functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by a diazonium‐based reaction. We have designed and synthesized two imidazole derivatives to modify SWNTs. The resulting products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrochemical measurements via a cyclic voltammetry method revealed that the weak intramolecular electronic interactions presented between the attached imidazole derivatives groups and the nanotubes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐native α‐helix formation is not necessary for folding of lipocalin: Comparison of burst‐phase folding between tear lipocalin and β‐lactoglobulin
Authors: Tsukamoto Seiichi , Yamashita Takako , Yamada Yoshiteru , Fujiwara Kazuo , Maki Kosuke , Kuwajima Kunihiro , Matsumura Yoshitaka , Kihara Hiroshi , Tsuge Hideaki , Ikeguchi Masamichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTear lipocalin and β‐lactoglobulin are members of the lipocalin superfamily. They have similar tertiary structures but unusually low overall sequence similarity. Non‐native helical structures are formed during the early stage of β‐lactoglobulin folding. To address whether the non‐native helix formation is found in the folding of other lipocalin superfamily proteins, the folding kinetics of a tear lipocalin variant were investigated by stopped‐flow methods measuring the time‐dependent changes in circular dichroism (CD) spectrum and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). CD spectrum showed that extensive secondary structures are not formed during a burst‐phase (within a measurement dead time). The SAXS data showed that the radius of gyration becomes much smaller than in the unfolded state during the burst‐phase, indicating that the molecule is collapsed during an early stage of folding. Therefore, non‐native helix formation is not general for folding of all lipocalin family members. The non‐native helix content in the burst‐phase folding appears to depend on helical propensities of the amino acid sequence. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Merging chemical and biological space: Structural mapping of enzyme binding pocket space
Authors: Weskamp Nils , Hüllermeier Eyke , Klebe Gerhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStructure‐based drug design tries to mutually map pharmacological space populated by putative target proteins onto chemical space comprising possible small molecule drug candidates. Both spaces are connected where proteins and ligands recognize each other: in the binding pockets. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study the properties of the space composed by all possible binding cavities. In the present contribution, a global mapping of protein cavity space is presented by extracting consensus cavities from individual members of protein families and clustering them in terms of their shape and exposed physicochemical properties. Discovered similarities indicate common binding epitopes in binding pockets independent of any possibly given similarity in sequence and fold space. Unexpected links between remote targets indicate possible cross‐reactivity of ligands and suggest putative side effects. The global clustering of cavity space is compared to a similar clustering of sequence and fold space and compared to chemical ligand space spanned by the chemical properties of small molecules found in binding pockets of crystalline complexes. The overall similarity architecture of sequence, fold, and cavity space differs significantly. Similarities in cavity space can be mapped best to similarities in ligand binding space indicating possible cross‐reactivities. Most cross‐reactivities affect co‐factor and other endogenous ligand binding sites. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning from incidents: A practical application
Authors: Kerin Trish 
Published: December 2008

AbstractConfucius is credited with stating “By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest; Second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the bitterest.” It is only the true innovators who can learn by reflection; for the rest of us need to learn by either imitation or experience. When we consider experience in the context of the process industry, this is often equipment damage or human impact such as injuries or fatalities. This article focuses on the practical application of learning from others' incidents outside the immediate workplace at the Australian Vinyls Corporation Laverton plant. This article describes methods to learn by imitation potentially saves not only financial and production resources, but also human life. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009
Magnetoexciton–LO‐phonon problem in a two‐dimensional polar crystal
Authors: Koinov Z. G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe use the Bethe–Salpeter formalism to study the effects of the Fröhlich electron–LO‐phonon interaction on the dispersion of two‐dimensional magnetoexcitons in polar crystals. The lowest Landau level approximation is applied to evaluate analytically both the binding energy and the exciton mass in a strong magnetic field regime. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single versus double ion implantation: a deep level study
Authors: Alfieri G. , Kimoto T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe performed a comparison study of electrically active defects generated in single and double ion implantated 4H‐SiC epilayers. Capacitance–voltage (C –V) and deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements revealed that dou‐ ble implantation, is responsible for a different compensation mechanism of the net‐acceptor concentration, and for the different nature and annealing behavior of the detected deep levels. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Binding energy of heavy excitons in spherical quantum dots under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Moscoso‐Moreno C. A. , Franco R. , Silva‐Valencia J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe binding energy of heavy hole excitons in a spherical GaAs–Ga1–x Alx As quantum dot under isotropic hydrostatic pressure was calculated using the Hylleraas coordinate system and a variational approach within the approximation of the effective mass. The influences of hydrostatic pressure on the effective masses of the electron and the heavy hole, the dielectric constant and the conduction‐ and valence‐band offsets between the well and the barriers are taken into account in the calculation. The binding energy is computed as a function of hydrostatic pressure, the dot sizes and the Al(x) concentration. The results show that the binding energy derived from exciton increases with the pressure, especially for small quantum dots. Also, we have found that the binding energy increases with the pressure and the concentration for a fixed quantum dot radius, which can be useful for technological applications. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coherent exciton–surface plasmon polariton interactions in hybrid metal semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Vasa P. , Pomraenke R. , Schwieger S. , Mazur Yu. I. , Kunets Vas. , Srinivasan P. , Johnson E. , Runge E. , Salamo G. , Lienau C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report on an experimental study of the optical properties of a metal‐semiconductor hybrid structure consisting of a gold grating on a GaAs quantum well (QW). Our experiments reveal a coherent coupling between the surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) excited on a metal grating and the QW excitons. The hybrid structure is designed to optimize the radiative exciton‐SPP interaction which is probed by low‐temperature, angle‐resolved far‐field reflection spectroscopy. As a result of the coupling, a significant shift of ∼7 meV and an increase in broadening by ∼4 meV of the QW exciton resonance are observed. The results are explained with the help of a phenomenological two layered model, predicting coupling strengths as large as 30 meV. Such a strong interaction can, e.g. be used to enhance the luminescence yield of semiconductor quantum structures or to amplify SPP waves. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric field‐induced exciton localization in quantum wells
Authors: Sperlich Karsten , Ludwig Patrick , Filinov Alexei , Bonitz Michael , Stolz Heinrich , Hommel Detlef , Gust Arne 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report on first spectrally and spatially high resolved measurements of a recently suggested electrostatic confinement [Ludwig et al., Phys. Status Solidi B 243(10), 2363 (2006)] for excitons in a single quantum well. For this strongly correlated many‐particle system we present finite‐temperature quantum Monte‐Carlo results and discuss the specific trap parameters at which a phase transition to a mesoscopic Wigner crystal phase of spatially indirect excitons is expected to be accessable. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bacopa monniera extract Induces apoptosis in murine sarcoma cells (S‐180)
Authors: Rohini G. , Devi C. S. Shyamala 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Ayurvedic system of medicine recommends Bacopa monniera (BM) in the treatment of tumors. The present study aims to determine the mode of cell death induced by the ethanolic extract of BM in mouse S‐180 cells. BM‐treated S‐180 cells were assessed for cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner using dye exclusion studies. Morphological changes in the BM‐treated and untreated cells were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Glutathione (GSH) levels were quantified and the percentage of apoptotic cells was determined using Annexin V‐FITC assay. The results indicate that BM induces a dose‐ and time‐dependent loss of cell viability with maximum cytotoxicity at 48 h at a concentration of 550 µg/ml. TEM studies indicate apoptosis in the BM‐treated cells. GSH levels were decreased in the BM‐treated cells and Annexin V‐FITC assay revealed 90.2% of the cells as apoptotic. Conclusively, BM induces cell death by apoptosis in S‐180 cells. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presence of blood‐pressure lowering and spasmolytic constituents inBuddleja crispa
Authors: Gilani Anwarul H. , Bukhari Ishfaq A. , Khan Rafeeq A. , Shah Abdul J. , Ahmad Ijaz , Malik Abdul 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis aim of this study was to investigate the crude extract ofBuddleja crispa(Bc.Cr) and its active constituent(s) for their antihypertensive and antispasmodic activities. The Bc.Cr caused a dose‐dependent (3–10 mg/kg) fall in mean arterial pressure in rats under anesthesia. In rabbit aorta preparations, Bc.Cr (0.03–1 mg/mL) caused inhibition of high K+(80 mM) precontractions. The Bc.Cr (0.03–1 mg/mL) also inhibited spontaneous and high K+precontractions in rabbit jejunum preparations, suggestive of calcium channel blocking (CCB) activity. CCB activity was further confirmed when pretreatment of the tissues with Bc.Cr (0.03–0.10 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in Ca++concentration response curves, similar to verapamil. Among the pure compounds, BdI‐H3 was more potent against the high K+than spontaneous contractions and was around eight times more potent than Bc.Cr against the spontaneous contractions while the other two compounds, BdI‐2 and BH‐3 were inactive. Activity‐directed fractionation revealed that the hexane fraction was more potent against K+precontractions. These data indicate that Bc.Cr possesses a blood‐pressure lowering effect, mediated possibly through CCB, though additional mechanism(s) cannot be ruled out. Among the pure compounds, Bdl‐H3 is likely to be the active compound involved in the spasmolytic and possibly BP lowering effect of the parent crude extract. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, plays a dual role in regulating gastrointestinal motilityin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Chen Gang , Zhu Lingxin , Liu Yang , Zhou Qian , Chen Hao , Yang Jing 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLicorice root has been used for years to regulate gastrointestinal function in traditional Chinese medicine. This study reveals the gastrointestinal effects of isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid isolated from the roots ofGlycyrrhiza glabra(a kind of Licorice).In vivo, isoliquiritigenin produced a dual dose‐related effect on the charcoal meal travel, inhibitory at the low doses, while prokinetic at the high doses.In vitro, isoliquiritigenin showed an atropine‐sensitive concentration‐dependent spasmogenic effect in isolated rat stomach fundus. However, a spasmolytic effect was observed in isolated rabbit jejunums, guinea pig ileums and atropinized rat stomach fundus, either as noncompetitive inhibition of agonist concentration‐response curves, inhibition of high K+(80 mM)‐induced contractions, or displacement of Ca2+concentration‐response curves to the right, indicating a calcium antagonist effect. Pretreatment with Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME; 30 µM), indomethacin (10 µM), methylene blue (10 µM), tetraethylammonium chloride (0.5 mM), glibenclamide (1 µM), 4‐aminopyridine (0.1 mM), or clotrimazole (1 µM) did not inhibit the spasmolytic effect. These results indicate that isoliquiritigenin plays a dual role in regulating gastrointestinal motility, both spasmogenic and spasmolytic. The spasmogenic effect may involve the activating of muscarinic receptors, while the spasmolytic effect is predominantly due to blockade of the calcium channels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antidepressant profile of Ptychopetalum olacoides Bentham (Marapuama) in mice
Authors: Piato Ângelo L. , Rizon Lucas P. , Martins Bárbara S. , Nunes Domingos S. , Elisabetsky Elaine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDepression has become of universal major importance, and it is therefore vital to expand the armamentarium for treating the condition. Lack of motivation and lassitude are major symptoms treated with the use of Marapuama (Ptychopetalum olacoides, PO) remedies by communities in the Brazilian Amazon. Considering the prominence of such symptoms in depression, the present study was designed to verify the effects of a standardized PO ethanol extract (POEE) on the forced swimming (FST) and tail suspension tests (TST). POEE i.p. (15–100 mg/kg) and oral (300 mg/kg) resulted in a significant and dose‐related anti‐immobility effect. We further examined the involvement of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in these antidepressant‐like effects. POEE effects were prevented when catecholamine synthesis was inhibited by ‐α‐methyl‐ρ‐tyrosine (AMPT) (100 mg/kg, i.p.), while inhibition of serotonin synthesis with ρ‐chlorophenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride (PCPA) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was devoid of effect. The blockade of β‐adrenergic (propranolol 2 mg/kg, i.p.) and D1 dopamine (SCH 23390 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) receptors prevented POEE anti‐immobility effects; by contrast, blockade of D2 dopamine (sulpiride 2 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) receptors was ineffective. Consistent with traditional use, the results indicate that POEE possesses antidepressant‐like effects, possibly mediated by β‐adrenergic and D1 dopamine receptors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of infusions from leaves and inflorescences of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb.
Authors: Giorgi Annamaria , Bombelli Raffaella , Luini Alessandra , Speranza Giovanna , Cosentino Marco , Lecchini Sergio , Cocucci Maurizio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPlants are the main source of molecules with antioxidant and radical scavenging properties that aid the natural defence systems of cells and may be involved in the preservation of human health, particularly preventing all the physiopathological conditions where oxidative damage is a hallmark. Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. is a medicinal plant of the Achillea millefolium aggregate (yarrow) traditionally used, particularly in mountain areas, as an infusion or alcohol extract for its digestive, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and wound healing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity and cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress of infusions obtained from the leaves and inflorescences of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb., assessed by chemical (free radical scavenging activity by DPPH and Folin Ciocalteu assay) and biological assays (in vitro model of cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in PC12 cells line). Infusions of leaves had the highest antioxidant properties and cytoprotective activity. The antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the total phenolic content but not with the cytoprotective profile. Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. has good antioxidant and cytoprotective properties, suggesting further investigations on its chemical composition and potential health value, particularly for traditionally prepared infusions of leaves. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitory and antioxidant compounds from the truffle Elaphomyces granulatus
Authors: Stanikunaite Rita , Khan Shabana I. , Trappe James M. , Ross Samir A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ethanol extract of fruiting bodies of Elaphomyces granulatus, a truffle‐like fungus, was evaluated for cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Inhibition of COX‐2 activity was evaluated in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7). The extract of E. granulatus caused a 68% inhibition of COX‐2 activity at 50 µg/mL. Bioassay‐guided investigation led to the isolation and identification of two active compounds, syringaldehyde and syringic acid. Syringaldehyde moderately inhibited COX‐2 activity with an IC50 of 3.5 µg/mL, while syringic acid strongly inhibited COX‐2 activity with an IC50 of 0.4 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of the extract and isolated compounds was evaluated in HL‐60 cells by the DCFH‐DA method. The extract of E. granulatus showed a potent antioxidant effect, with an IC50 of 41 µg/mL. Of the pure compounds, syringic acid displayed a strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 0.7 µg/mL, while syringaldehyde showed no activity in the assay. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.