bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Template‐Free Synthesis, Controlled Conversion, and CO Oxidation Properties of CeO2 Nanorods, Nanotubes, Nanowires, and Nanocubes
Authors: Pan Chengsi , Zhang Dengsong , Shi Liyi , Fang Jianhui 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA general large‐scale synthesis of single‐crystalline and uniform CeO2 nanorods was first realized without templates by a precipitation method at room temperature and pressure. Such nanorods have an aspect ratio of ca. 3 nm with a diameter of ca. 8 nm and a large BET specific area of 128.2 m2/g. On the basis of this, the controlled conversion of the as‐prepared nanorods into nanotubes, nanowires, and nanocubes through hydrothermal reactions has been realized. Further experimental results show that the growth of nanorods is a function of the base concentration, temperature, and time. In addition, particle size measurements demonstrate that the primary nanorods grow by Ostwald ripening. It is found that CeO2 growth is faster at higher base concentration and temperature due to the accelerated ripening. During the synthesis, the formation of Ce(OH)3 intermediate species and their transformation into CeO2 have been dynamically demonstrated and are regarded as the key factors responsible for the evolution of shape. The CO oxidation properties of CeO2 nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes, and nanocubes were investigated, and CeO2 nanotubes have the best performance due to the large BET surface area and the novel inner surface. In addition, CeO2 nanorods aged for 9 d also have an excellent catalytic performance for CO oxidation due to the exposed crystal surface (110) of CeO2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Designed Synthesis of Families of Misfit‐Layered Compounds
Authors: Lin Qiyin , Heideman Colby L. , Nguyen Ngoc , Zschack Paul , Chiritescu Catalin , Cahill David G. , Johnson David C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of several new families of misfit‐layered compounds is demonstrated. These compounds are crystalline along the c‐axis and in the ab‐plane, but show very short coherence lengths between ab‐planes. This disorder leads to ultra‐low and tunable thermal conductivity. Annealing isostructural samples under a chalcogen vapour until equilibrium is reached results in reproducible Seebeck and resistivity values. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
One‐Pot Synthesis of Trisubstituted 1,2‐Amino Alcohols from Deprotonated α‐Amino Nitriles
Authors: Kison Coralie , Opatz Till 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA short synthesis of N,1,2‐trisubstituted vicinal amino alcohols by 1,2‐addition of deprotonated N‐monosubstituted α‐amino nitriles to aldehydes and subsequent one‐pot reduction of the intermediates with borane–THF is described. This procedure leads to the predominant formation of the anti‐configured products. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Colorimetric Fluoride‐Anion Sensor Based on Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Enol–Keto Tautomerization of a Phenothiazine Derivative
Authors: Han Feng , Zhao Jianzhang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA colorimetric sensor for fluoride ions based on a new sensing mechanism is reported. The colorimetric sensor contains an isomerizable enol–keto moiety as the recognition site and phenothiazine as chromogenic center. A color change visible to the naked eye is observed upon addition of fluoride ions to the solution of sensor 1 in aprotic solvents such as CHCl3 and MeCN. The sensor shows no colorimetric response for other halide ions. Enol‐keto tautomerization is proposed to be responsible for the anion sensing of 1, based on UV/VIS absorption, 1H‐NMR, and single‐crystal structure analysis.
New Sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus japonicus
Authors: Wu Bin , Qu Haibin , Cheng Yiyu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemical investigation of the roots of Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. has resulted in the isolation and characterization of four new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenes including two new sesquiterpene cinnamates, along with one new and two known sesquiterpene dimers. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means and by comparison with the respective literature values.
Estimation of absolute myocardial blood flow during first‐pass MR perfusion imaging using a dual‐bolus injection technique: Comparison to single‐bolus injection method
Authors: Christian Timothy F. , Aletras Anthony H. , Arai Andrew E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare the dual‐bolus to single‐bolus quantitative first‐pass magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging for estimation of absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF).Materials and MethodsDogs had local hyperemia of MBF in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (intracoronary adenosine). Animals (n = 6) had sequential single‐ and dual‐bolus perfusion studies with microsphere determination of absolute MBF. Perfusion imaging was performed using a saturation‐recovery gradient‐echo sequence. Absolute MBF was by Fermi function deconvolution and compared to transmural, endocardial, and epicardial microsphere values in the same region of interest (ROI).ResultsSignal and contrast were significantly higher for the dual‐bolus perfusion images. The correlation with MBF by microspheres was r = 0.94 for the dual‐bolus method and r = 0.91 for the single‐bolus method. There was no significant difference between MRI and microsphere MBF values for control or hyperemic zones for transmural segments for either technique. When the ROI was reduced to define endocardial and epicardial zones, single‐bolus MR first‐pass imaging significantly overestimated MBF and had a significantly larger absolute error vs. microspheres when compared to dual‐bolus perfusion.ConclusionBoth single‐bolus and dual‐bolus perfusion methods correlate closely with MBF but the signal and contrast of the dual‐bolus images are greater. With smaller nontransmural ROIs where signal is reduced, the dual‐bolus method appeared to provide slightly more accurate results. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nutritional and sensory qualities of raw meat and cooked brine‐injected turkey breast as affected by dietary enrichment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E
Authors: Sárraga Carmen , Guàrdia M Dolors , Díaz Isabel , Guerrero Luis , Arnau Jacint 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: This aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding turkeys with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and vitamin E on the fatty acid profile, proteolytic enzyme activities and oxidative status of raw breast meat and cooked brine‐injected breast meat. Four treatments were investigated: T1, basal diet (control); T2, basal diet plus 15 g kg−1 DHA; T3, basal diet plus 100 mg kg−1 vitamin E; T4, basal diet plus 5.4 g kg−1 DHA plus 100 mg kg−1 vitamin E. A sensory analysis of cooked brine‐injected breasts was conducted in order to assess the sensory characteristics of these products and relate them to the expected nutritional benefits.RESULTS: Among the four treatments tested, no differences were observed in enzyme activities. No activities of cathepsin B, cathepsins B + L and catalase were detected in cooked brine‐injected breast meat. Glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced and superoxide dismutase activity was similar to that measured in raw meat. The diets supplemented with DHA increased eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA levels in comparison with the control in both raw and cooked products. The increase in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) led to a reduction in n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio to values between 1.01 ± 0.11 and 2.94 ± 0.47. In cooked brine‐injected breast, treatment with 15 g kg−1 DHA (T2) induced a considerable fishy flavour, while treatment with 5.4 g kg−1 DHA plus 100 mg kg−1 vitamin E (T4) induced a slight fishy flavour. However, fishy odour in T4 did not differ significantly from that of the control.CONCLUSION: By feeding turkeys with 5.4 g kg−1 pure DHA plus 100 mg kg−1 vitamin E, the nutritional quality is improved through the introduction of a natural antioxidant and the reduction in n‐6/n‐3 PUFA ratio. With this treatment the sensory characteristics were similar to those of control samples, except for the fishy flavour, which could probably be masked by modifying the technological process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Profitability measurement of UK theme parks: an aggregate approach
Authors: Liu Yi‐De 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTraditionally, financial ratios were used for profitability measurement. This research attempts to apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to aggregate various financial ratios into a composite profitability index. The research sample includes 13 parks managed by 10 leading theme park operators in the UK. The result first reveals that multi‐site operators are significantly more profitable than their single‐site rivals. Furthermore, the consistency between DEA and ratio analysis indicates that DEA can be used as a good proxy of ratio analysis. It is hoped that this approach can provide new insights about financial measurement not available to managers through ratio analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A kinetic scheme for the Savage–Hutter equations
Authors: Kaland Christine , Struckmeier Jens 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Savage–Hutter (SH) equations describe the motion of granular material under the influence of friction. Based on the kinetic formulation of the SH equations, we present a kinetic scheme in one dimension, which describes the deformation of the mass profile and allows it to start and to stop. Moreover the method is able to preserve the steady states of granular masses at rest. The method is tested on several numerical examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite elements modelling of the long‐term behaviour of a full‐scale flexible pavement with the shakedown theory
Authors: Chazallon Cyrille , Allou Fatima , Hornych Pierre , Mouhoubi Saida 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRutting, due to permanent deformations of unbound materials, is one of the principal damage modes of low‐traffic pavements. Flexible pavement design methods remain empirical; they do not take into account the inelastic behaviour of pavement materials and do not predict the rutting under cyclic loading. A simplified method, based on the concept of the shakedown theory developed by Zarka for metallic structures under cyclic loadings, has been used to estimate the permanent deformations of unbound granular materials subjected to traffic loading. Based on repeated load triaxial tests, a general procedure has been developed for the determination of the material parameters of the constitutive model. Finally, the results of a finite elements modelling of the long‐term behaviour of a flexible pavement with the simplified method are presented and compared with the results of a full‐scale flexible pavement experiment performed by Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées. Finally, the calculation of the rut depth evolution with time is carried out. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Filipino children
Authors: Alcasabas Patricia , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Goyette Gerard , Haller Andrew , del Rosario Luz , Lesaca‐Medina Maria Ysabel , Darga Linda , Ostrea Enrique M. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Everson Richard B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground5,10‐Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical enzyme in folate metabolism. Polymorphisms at the C677T and A1298C loci are associated with reduced activity; consequently more folate substrates are shunted toward thymidylate and DNA synthesis. Several studies have reported a reduced risk of developing ALL in children with MTHFR polymorphisms. The objective of this study was to determine the association between MTHFR polymorphisms and ALL in Filipino children.ProcedureWe conducted a case control study in children diagnosed with ALL at the Philippine General Hospital from 1/2001 through 12/2005. Bone marrow aspirate slides were reviewed by two expert hematologists to verify the morphologic diagnosis of ALL. DNA was isolated from the slides and MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T and A1298C, were determined using Taqman real‐time PCR. Cord blood of healthy Filipino newborns served as control.ResultsThere were a total of 191 ALL and 394 controls genotyped. The distribution of C677T polymorphisms was similar in the two groups (P = 1.0). However, for A1298C, there was significantly more AC and CC genotypes in the ALL compared to controls (P = 0.02; OR 1.57; CI: 1.08–2.28). The 1298C allele frequency for the control group was 36.8% and 677T allele frequency was 9.9%.ConclusionA1298C polymorphisms is associated with an increased risk for ALL in Filipino children. This may be due to a difference in leukemia biology or to a high prevalence of folate deficiency in Filipinos. Our study reiterates the gene and environment interaction in leukemogenesis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:178–182. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creatine monohydrate attenuates body fat accumulation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance chemotherapy
Authors: Bourgeois Jacqueline M. , Nagel Kim , Pearce Erin , Wright Marilyn , Barr Ronald D. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids are an important component of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with known significantly negative effects on bone and muscle. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation may be an adjunctive therapeutic strategy to attenuate some of these adverse effects.ProcedureNine children with ALL in the maintenance phase of treatment on the Dana—Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) protocol 2000–2001 were treated with CrM (0.1 g/kg/day) for two sequential periods of 16 weeks (16 weeks treat > 6 weeks wash‐out > 16 weeks treat). A cohort of children (N = 50) who were receiving the same chemotherapy at the same time served as natural history controls. Measurements included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS‐BMD), whole body bone mineral content (WB‐BMC), fat‐free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (%BF) using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsDespite the long course of corticosteroid treatment for ALL, children showed significant increases in height, LS‐BMD, WB‐BMC and FFM over approximately 38 weeks (P < 0.05) during the study. There was an increase in BMI over time, but children taking CrM had a reduction, while the natural history group showed an increase in % BF (P < 0.05 for interaction).ConclusionsChildren with ALL treated with corticosteroids as part of a maintenance protocol of chemotherapy showed an increase in % BF that was attenuated by CrM supplementation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:183–187. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum protein expression profiling in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Qi Lining , Cazares Lisa , Johnson Cris , de Alarcon Pedro , Kupfer Gary M. , Semmes O. John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis for children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) treated with a risk adjusted combination of radiation therapy and multi‐drug chemotherapy has markedly improved. There remains a group of patients whose disease either recurs or does not respond to therapy. Protein expression profiling has been used to define protein characteristics of serum from adult patients in order to improve screening for early diagnosis. However, profiling for the purpose of staging and defining prognostic characteristics of childhood diseases is not well studied. The current stage‐based risk assignment of HL cannot predict the patients within a risk group that are destined to recur or do not respond to therapy. Thus, a need exists to develop new methodologies to better stratify the risk classification of pediatric HL.ProcedureWe have completed a preliminary project to identify characteristic serum protein peaks determined by protein expression profiling in serum of 22 subjects with HL, 13 with stage II HL and 9 with stage III or IV.ResultsProtein profiling successfully discriminated between high grade (III/IV) HL and low grade (II) HL.ConclusionThese data lay the basis for prospective studies to identify protein expression profiles useful for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment stratification, and the follow‐up of minimal residual disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spherulitic superstructure and morphology of poly(ethylene oxide)–lithium perchlorate complex
Authors: Huang Xiaobin , Huang Yawen , Zhu Lu , Tang Xiaozhen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe morphology of solid polymer electrolytes based on PEO‐LiClO4 complex was investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM). The spherulitic structure derived from POM suggested that the ion induces different spherulitic structures. An interesting turning point of salt concentration has been found. At the turning point, the complex was amorphous. The melting point, size, and growth rate of the spherulite decreased with increasing of salt concentration before the turning point and began to increase after the turning point. The multiphase structure of the complexes have been deduced and proved by X‐ray diffraction. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of different coagents on physico‐chemical properties of electron beam cured NBR/HDPE composites reinforced with HAF carbon black
Authors: Abou Zeid Magda M. , Shaltout Nawal A. , Khalil Ahmed M. , El Miligy Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of different coagents on the physico‐chemical properties of NBR/HDPE composites reinforced with 40 phr (part per hundred part of rubber by weight) HAF carbon black and cured with accelerated electrons was investigated. The coagents N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBAAm) and trimethylol propane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) were used at a constant content of 10 phr. The physico‐chemical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus at 50% elongation (M50), elongation at break (Eb), hardness, soluble fraction (SF), swelling number (SN), electrical conductivity, and thermal properties were studied. The results obtained showed that the TMPTMA as a coagent is more effective than MDA in enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of NBR/HDPE vulcanized composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Distinguishing Surface OH and NHx Using TFAA Derivatization and XPS
Authors: Holländer Andreas , Pippig Falko , Dubreuil Marjorie , Vangeneugden Dirk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTFAA has been used widely for the derivatization of hydroxyl groups in XPS of organic polymers. Unfortunately, in the presence of other nucleophilic groups at the surface like amino groups, these also react with TFAA and a quantification of the different functional group concentrations is impossible. It has been found that the TFAA derivatives of hydroxyl groups and amines, namely the trifluoroacetate and the trifluoroamide, respectively, can be distinguished by the BE of the CF3 component in the C1s spectrum. While in a trifluoroacetamide the BE is about 292.3 eV, in a trifluoroacetate it can be as high as 294.2 eV in the case of densely packed hydroxyl groups.magnified image
Effect of genotype of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) on attractiveness to the mirid Sahlbergella singularis (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the laboratory
Authors: Dibog Luc , Babin Régis , Mbang Joseph Amang A , Decazy Bernard , Nyassé Salomon , Cilas Christian , Eskes Albertus B 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mirids are a major constraint to cocoa growing in Africa. Cocoa breeding for tolerance/resistance could be effective in an integrated pest management system. Attractiveness is one aspect of tolerance/resistance, and decreasing the attractiveness of cocoa trees should be a good way of reducing damage.RESULTS: Small‐scale laboratory tests were carried out in Cameroon to assess differences in the attractiveness to mirids of eleven cocoa genotypes. The genotypes were ranked according to their attractiveness score and a distance from a mean value. An analysis of variance was performed and revealed significant differences between cocoa genotypes (F = 3.15, P < 0.001). The cocoa genotype groupings revealed three major categories, with BE10 and SNK413 proving to be the most attractive. In contrast, five genotypes, IMC60, the Catongo Trinitario genotypes, Playa Alta2 (from Venezuela), SIC5 and SNK614, proved to be less attractive than the mean. Four genotypes (PA107, SNK619, UPA134 and T60/887) displayed similar attractiveness to the mean.CONCLUSION: The circular microtest offered the advantage of not needing a reference cocoa genotype. The least attractive clones, such as IMC60, were also the most tolerant in the field. Comparisons with the results of other studies are proposed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) material for thermal neutron detection: SrS:Ce,Sm,B
Authors: Benoit David , Ravotti Federico , Garcia Pierre , Prevost Hildegarde , Lapraz Dominique , Vaillé Jean‐Roch , Dusseau Laurent 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSrS:Ce,Sm exhibits some interesting phosphorescent and charge storage properties that are used in OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) radiation dosimetry. To enhance the thermal neutron sensitivity of this phosphor, a new material obtained by boron doping has been developed. This OSL, B material was analysed with respect to its optical and structural characteristics in order to study possible modifications induced by doping procedure. Optical study highlights a decrease in the material luminescence of about 40% with TL and OSL experiments. The emission spectrum remains the same after boron addition. This result is in agreement with the structural characterization analysis since the lattice parameters were not modified. 11B MAS NMR results indicate that boron atoms are present in the host lattice in form of BO4 groups. Consequences on dosimetry applications are discussed. The neutron response of the OSL, B irradiated in a nuclear reactor is linear up to a fluence of 5 × 1011 cm–2 and it is possible to separate the thermal neutron and gamma components. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anti‐HIV adaptive immunity: determinants for viral persistence
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Matano Tetsuro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe immense difficulty in primary control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection by adaptive immune responses has been a topic of exceptional importance. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) do play a central role in primary resolution of viremia, but their potency in viral control is generally constrained in the natural courses of HIV/SIV infections. The overall repertoire of CTLs is dependent on both the host and the virus genetic polymorphisms, and the potency of each individual CTL is affected by immunological and virological determinants. HIV/SIV infections lack early appearance of neutralising antibodies (NAbs), and our recent finding has suggested a possibility of their absence contributing to diminished virus‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses leading to failure in primary viral control. Extrapolations from studies in macaque models of SIV infection and analyses of the cohorts of HIV control in humans have to date delineated the numerous requirements for attainment of viral control. Understanding of the individual components of adaptive immune responses and their optimal concert required for HIV/SIV control would contribute to development of an effective AIDS vaccine. Here, we discuss current insights into CTLs and NAbs, and speculate their possible protective mechanism against establishment of persistent HIV/SIV infection. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.