bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelopoiesis‐associated suppressor‐cell activity in mice with lewis lung carcinoma tumors: Interferon‐γ plus tumor necrosis factor‐α synergistically reduce suppressor cell activity
Authors: Young M. Rita I. , Young Melvin E. , Wright Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe myelopoietic stimulation which occurs in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC‐C3) tumors is accompanied by immune suppression and the appearance of myelopoiesis‐associated immune suppressor cells in the bone marrow and spleen. Low doses of recombinant murine interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) plus recombinant human tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were used to limit myelopoiesis and, in turn, reduce the presence of myelopoiesis‐associated immune suppressor cells in LLC‐C3 tumor bearers. Neither IFN‐γ nor TNF‐α alone had any effect in vitro on the growth of myeloid progenitor cells into colonies or on the suppressive activity of bone‐marrow cells from LLC‐C3‐bearing mice. However, the combination of low doses of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α synergistically inhibited both the growth of myeloid progenitor cells into colonies and the suppressive activity of bone‐marrow cells from tumor‐bearers. Similar results were obtained in vivo. When used alone, neither IFN‐γ nor TNF‐α had any effect on myelopoiesis or on suppressor‐cell activity. When combined, IFN‐γ plus TNF‐α synergistically suppressed myelopoiesis and the presence of immune suppressive cells both in the bone marrow and in the spleen of tumor bearers. T‐lymphocyte blastogenic and NK cytotoxic activities of the tumor‐bearers were restored only after treatment with both IFN‐γ and TNF‐α.
Coincident implantation, growth and interaction sites within the liver of cancer and reactive hematopoietic cells
Authors: Vidal‐Vanaclocha Fernando , Alonso‐Varona Ana , Ayala Ricardo , Boyano Maria‐Dolores , Barberá‐Guillem Emilio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have examined the anatomical‐functional sites within mouse liver where phenylhydrazine (PHZ)‐induced hematopoietic foci, and M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma, B 16F10 melanoma and Lewis lung‐carcinoma cells specifically develop as colonies after intrasplenic injection. Cancer foci occurred predominantly in the 2. 4 to 4. 0 segment of the sinusoidal pathway, corresponding to hepatic acinar zone I. No significant differences were detected between different types of tumor, including their different tendencies to spontaneously metastasize liver, or as a result of the different procedures used for obtaining foci or metastases. In addition, PHZ‐treatment of mice previously injected with tumor cells, resulted in double colonization of the liver tissue by both hematopoietic and cancer cells, predominantly in zone I. This spatial coincidence indicates that non‐cancer‐specific mechanisms operate in zone I, either promoting implantation and/or growth of cell colonies or, alternatively, inhibiting these processes in the region surrounding the central vein (Rappaport zone 3). Our observations failed to reveal mutual displacement of cancer or hematopoietic foci by potential competition for development sites in zone I. Enumeration and diameter measurements of cancer foci in PHZ‐treated animals showed that the presence of hepatic hematopoietic foci coincided with a significant increase in the hepatic metastasis volume. However, the fact that no significant differences in pulmonary metastases occurred in both the PHZ‐treated and control mice given tail‐vein injection of cancer cells, and that PHZ reduces cancer cell proliferation in vitro, reveal evidence of local interactions with hematopoietic foci which promote growth of cancer foci in liver.
Modulation of type‐iv collagenase activity and invasive behavior of metastatic human melanoma (A2058) cells in vitro by monoclonal antibodies to type‐iv collagenase
Authors: Höyhtyä Matti , Hujanen Erkki , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Thorgeirsson Unnur , Liotta Lance A. , Tryggvason Karl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against human type‐IV collagenase were developed and used for studies on enzyme activity and tumor‐cell invasion in vitro. Fifteen MAb clones were generated against the enzyme purified from serum‐free culture medium of human melanoma cells (A2058). Five clones affecting the activity of type‐IV collagenase were selected for further characterization. All the selected clones could be used for a single‐step purification of type‐IV collagenase using IgG‐Sepharose affinity columns. One of the antibodies activated the enzyme when 3H‐proline‐labelled type‐IV collagen was used as substrate. The activation was dependent on the enzyme antibody ratio. Four clones caused more than 30% inhibition of the activity, maximal inhibition being 50%. Interestingly, the same antibody which activated the enzyme also increased the invasion of A2058 cells through a reconstituted basement membrane in an in vitro invasion assay. The 4 inhibitory antibodies decreased the penetration of A2058 cells through the reconstituted basement membrane. The results strongly support previous findings about the importance of type‐IV collagenase in tumor‐cell invasion.
Characterization, in some human breast cancer cell lines, of gastrin‐releasing peptide‐like receptors which are absent in normal breast epithelial cells
Authors: Giacchetti Sylvie , Gauvillé Christiane , Crémoux Patricia De , Bertin Laurent , Berthon Philippe , Abita Jean‐Pierre , Cuttitta Franck , Calvo Fabien 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe binding of 125I‐Tyr4 bombesin was investigated on plasma membranes of 8 human breast cancer cell lines and 2 long‐term cultures of normal human breast epithelial cells. Scatchard plots were compatible with high‐affinity, single‐site class of receptors in 3 cell lines (KD of 0.75 ± 10−9 and 10−9 M, Bmax of 0.75 ± 10−13 and 9.7 ± 10−13 M/mg protein in MDAMB231 and in T47D cells, respectively) while no binding was observed in 5 other cell lines and normal epithelial cells. The neuropeptide and its structural analogues (natural or synthetic) inhibited the binding of 125I‐Tyr4 bombesin in the following order of potency: gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP, EC50 = 1.7 ± −10 M) > BIM 26159 > bombesin, Tyr4 bombesin > BIM 26147 > litorin > neuromedin C. In contrast, 125I‐Tyr4 bombesin binding was not displaced by neuromedin B, somatostatin, bradykinin and insulin. In agreement with our binding data, SDS‐PAGE of the complex 125I‐Tyr4 bombesin‐receptor covalently linked by ethylene glycol‐bis succinimidyl succinate (EGS) identified after autoradiography a single band with a molecular weight of 75,000, which disappeared in the presence of bombesin in excess. No transcription of either GRP or neuromedin B mRNA could be shown in tumor or normal cells. Exogenous gastrin‐releasing peptide had no effect on growth of the cell lines when a serum‐free medium was used, implicating that in breast cancer cell lines this receptor does not mediate growth but has a functional role.
Anti‐retrovirus activity of 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (pmea) in vivo increases when it is less frequently administered
Authors: Balzarini Jan , Naesens Lieve , Clercq Erik De 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferent treatment schedules have been investigated when evaluating the inhibitory effect of 9‐(2‐phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) and 3′ ‐azido‐2′, 3′ ‐dideoxythymidine (AZT) on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV‐1) in MT‐4 cells, transformation of C3H/3T3 cells by Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV), and MSV‐induced tumor formation in newborn NMRI mice. Shortening the exposure time of HIV‐1‐infected MT‐4 cells to PMEA or AZT led to an increase in the selectivity index of both compounds. PMEA proved markedly more efficient in suppressing MSV‐induced tumor formation in mice when administered as a single dose on the day of infection than when these doses were spread over 2, 4 or 7 administrations within 1 week after the virus infection. This was not observed when the total dose of AZT was fractionated. While the infrequent dosage regimen increased the anti‐retrovirus activity of PMEA, it did not increase its toxicity for the host. This unique property makes PMEA an attractive candidate for the treatment of retrovirus infections, including AIDS.
Immuno‐isotachophoretic determination of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains produced by neoplastic b‐cells: Use in diagnosis, monitoring and detection of residual disease
Authors: Abelev G. I. , Karamova E. R. , Bragina E. G. , Andreeva N. E. , Kruglova G. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe suggest that countercurrent isotachophoresis performed on cellulose acetate membranes (ITP‐CAM) should be used for detecting trace amounts of Bence‐Jones protein (BJP) in urine of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and related diseases. ITPCAM allows simultaneous concentration and electrophoretic separation of proteins present in highly diluted solutions, as well as easy immunological detection of separated substances. BJP was found in 24 out of 42 patients with CLL, 33 of 56 with NHL and 3 of 3 with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Twenty‐three patients were followed during the course of chemo‐ or radiotherapy. In 19 cases the BJP findings correlated well with clinical status. In no case of partial or complete clinical response did BJP completely disappear from the urine.
Serum hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in breast cancer patients
Authors: Delpech Bertrand , Chevallier Bernard , Reinhardt Nadine , Julien Jean‐Pierre , Duval Christian , Maingonnat Catherine , Bastit Philippe , Asselain Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighty‐three women with breast cancer (57 with systemic metastasis, 26 without) were investigated for serum hyaluronan (HA) and compared to 50 patients with benign diseases of the breast. Hyaluronan was significantly increased in sera of metastatic patients compared to sera of non‐metastatic patients (p < 0.0001) and also in sera of non‐metastatic patients when compared to control sera (p < 0.01). The difference was not related to the number of metastatic sites involved. Three months after starting cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic patients, lower HA concentrations were observed in patients responding to chemotherapy. The initial level of serum HA had no predictive value concerning response to chemotherapy.
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein and hypercalcemia in pancreatic neuro‐endocrine tumors
Authors: Rizzoli R. , Sappino A. P. , Bonjour J. ‐P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated the possible involvement of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) in 2 cases of metastatic pancreatic neuro‐endocrine tumors associated with severe hypercaicemia. Both patients displayed biochemical alterations in renal tubular reabsorption of calcium and phosphate, as well as in urinary cAMP excretion, similar to those encountered in primary hyperparathyroidism, although plasma levels of parathyroid hormone were within the normal range. Tumor protein extracts stimulated cAMP production, which was inhibited by the PTH‐antagonist (8,18 Nle, 34 Tyr)bPTH‐(3‐34)amide, in the PTH‐responsive osteoblastic cell line UMR‐106. Northern blot analysis of tumor extracts revealed the presence of PTHrP mRNA transcripts, while PTH mRNA was undetectable. In contrast, neither PTHrP mRNA(s) nor cAMP‐stimulating activity was detectable in other neuroendocrine tumors not accompanied by hypercaicemia. These results demonstrate that certain pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with hypercaicemia can synthesize and release PTHrP.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the l‐myc gene locus in a case‐control study of lung cancer
Authors: Tamai Seiichi , Sugimura Haruhiko , Caporaso Neil E. , Resau James H. , Trump Benjamin F. , Weston Ainsley , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe L‐myc DNA‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, revealed by EcoRI, has been studied in both a lung cancer case‐control framework and a cohort of 40 nondiseased unrelated individuals. No association was found between the L‐myc allelic frequencies and disease status, tumor stage or lung cancer histology. A strong association was, however, observed between the L‐myc allelic frequencies and ethnic origin (black or white) of the subjects. Among American whites the allelic distribution at the L‐myc proto‐oncogene locus was almost identical to that previously reported for Japanese subjects. Among the American black population there was a significantly higher frequency of the presence of the polymorphic EcoRI restriction site in the second intron of the L‐myc proto‐oncogene. These data emphasize the importance of conducting epidemiologic studies that control for ethnic factors and indicate that L‐myc EcoRI allelotypes do not appear to be predictive of lung cancer risk or disease status in American blacks and whites.
Diet, living conditions and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in tunisia—a case‐control study
Authors: Jeannel D. , Hubert A. , De Vathaire F. , Ellouz R. , Camoun M. , Ben Salem M. , Sancho‐Garnier H. , De‐Thé G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe conducted a case‐control study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Tunisia, on diet, dietary patterns and life style, the characteristics of which had been defined by an anthropological study. Eighty incident cases, diagnosed in Tunisia between November 1986 and November 1987, were each matched for sex, age and place of residence to 2 controls. The subjects were asked for dietary data referring to the year preceding the diagnosis of NPC and, with help of their families, during childhood and after weaning. After adjustment for an empirical living conditions score, the following food items were found to be associated with an increased risk for NPC: preserved spiced meat (quaddid), basic stewing preparation (mixture of red and black pepper, garlic, oil, caraway and coriander), and harissa (red pepper, olive oil, garlic, caraway, salt) taken with bread as a snack during childhood and youth. Moreover, subjects who had been directly weaned from mother's milk on to an adult diet were found to be at higher risk for NPC.
Contributions of vascularized lymph‐node metastases to hematogenous metastasis in a rat mammary carcinoma
Authors: Weiss Leonard , Ward Pamela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRats received hind‐foot‐web (FWI) injections of MT‐ 100‐TC mammary carcinoma cells; the resultant tumor metastasized first to the popliteal lymph nodes. Over the course of 4 weeks, in association with increases in tumor weight, the blood‐flow to the popliteal nodes increased 18‐fold, and their vascular densities increased 2‐fold. In spite of this vascularization, cancer cells were detected in only 3 of 648 blood vessels associated with involved, ipsilateral lymph nodes compared with intravascular cells in 82 of 314 vessels associated with “primary” foot‐pad lesions. The presence of tumorigenic cancer cells in the right ventricular blood of animals bearing these tumors is, therefore, considered to result from their direct entry into blood vessels from the “primary” lesions, and/or from extra‐nodal invasion of vessels in tissues to which nodal tumors were adherent, as distinct from passage via lymphatico‐venous communications between tumors and nodal blood‐vessels. The reconstructed events occurring in the rat model, with effective restriction of regional node metastases to the nodes themselves for a time, could possibly account for the long‐term survival of some patients with breast cancer and regional‐node metastases, following surgery.
Selection and characterization of human melanoma lines with different liver‐colonizing capacity
Authors: Ladányi A. , Timár J. , Paku S. , Molnár G. , Lapis K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo human melanoma lines with low (HTI68) and high (HTI 68‐MI) liver metastatic capacity in immunosuppressed mice were selected in vivo from the A2058 cell line. After i. v. injection of the 2 tumor lines there was no significant difference either in the number of lung colonies or in the frequency and tissue distribution of extrapulmonary tumor deposits. These findings suggest that the selection in the spleen‐liver system did not result in an overall increase in the metastatic potential of the melanoma cells, but rather that it represented an organ‐preferential selection. The HT168‐MI cells did not acquire an increased growth rate in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that other phenotypic alterations are responsible for the enhanced metastatic capacity. The 2 tumor lines were characterized by similar expression of HLA‐A, B, C, transferrin receptor and melanoma‐associated proteoglycan antigen. HT168 contained more NGF receptor, while HLA‐DR appeared only on HT 168‐MI cells. This human metastasis model could be useful in studying the mechanisms of liver metastasis formation, as well as in revealing possible new targets of antimetastatic therapy.
Anti‐tumor protection induced in mice by fatty acid conjugates: Alkyl butyrates and poly(ethylene glycol) dibutyrates
Authors: Wakselman Michel , Cerutti Italina , Chany Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSimple fatty acids, especially butyrate salts, have interesting biological properties, since they are able to down‐regulate cell growth and promote various differentiated cellular functions. Their use for anti‐tumor treatment is, however, hampered by their over‐rapid diffusion in the blood, followed by a short‐lived biological action. We have therefore devised conjugates linking butyrate with either (i) aliphatic alcohols of increasing carbon numbers ranging from C4 to C12 or (ii) poly(ethylene glycols) of increasing molecular weights. In both cases, the resulting butyric esters can be hydrolysed by esterases which can release biologically active subunits from the synthetic compounds. As shown in the present study, only one conjugate in each series gave satisfactory anti‐tumor protection: namely, I‐octyl butyrate and poly(ethylene glycol 1000) dibutyrate respectively. A single immune‐stimulatory injection of purified Corynebacterium parvum extract prior to administration of the conjugates significantly increased the anti‐tumor potency.
Anti‐tumor effects of interferon in mice injected with interferon‐sensitive and interferon‐resistant friend erythroleukemia cells. VIII. Role of the immune system in the inhibition of visceral metastases
Authors: Gresser Ion , Maury Chantal , Carnaud Claude , De Maever Edward , Maunoury Marie‐Thérése , Belardelli Filippo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDBA/2 mice were injected i. v. with IFN α/β‐resistant 3C18 Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) which metastasize to the liver and spleen. IFN α/β treatment of FLC‐injected mice increased their survival time and these mice developed a resistance to a second challenge with FLC. The efficacy of IFN α/β in increasing the survival time was compared between normal immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. The antitumor action of IFN was markedly reduced or abolished in newborn DBA/2 mice, in adult athymic nu/nu and beige DBA/2 mice, and in BALB/c scid/scid mice. To determine the phenotype of the effector cells involved, FLC‐injected DBA/2 mice were treated with antibodies to asialo‐GMI, CD4, or CD8 antigens, or with cyclosporin A or silica. IFN α/β treatment proved much less effective in these mice, indicating that a variety of effector cell types participated in the IFN‐induced suppression of visceral metastases. Thus, an intact immune system appears to be essential to obtain optimal therapeutic effects of IFN α/β in this experimental model.
Modulation of differentiation and proliferation in human colon carcinoma cells by transforming growth factor β1 and β2
Authors: Chakrabarty Subhas , Fan Dominic , Varani James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously characterized the diversity of cellular responses to transforming growth factor (TGF)‐βI from human colon carcinoma cells. We now show that morphological alteration and part of the growth‐inhibitory responses elicited by growth factor (GF) are associated with the secondary effect of the induction of synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins. Specifically, morphological alteration is associated with the ECM glycoprotein laminin, and growth inhibition is associated with both laminin and fibronectin. Both TGF‐βI and TGF‐β2 down‐modulate the expression of nucleolar protein B23 (also known as numatrin or nucleophosmin, a positive regulator of cell proliferation).With one exception, the biological effects of both TGF‐βI and TGF‐β2 on these human colon carcinoma cell lines are identical. Both GFs up‐modulate the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA‐related gene products. However, some of these products are differentially regulated by TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2. The differences in the profile of the induction of these CEA and CEA‐related gene products, in the responsive cells, functionally distinguish TGF‐β1 from TGF‐β2. Finally, we identified and characterized some of the cellular proteins, the expression of which is up‐modulated by GF. These proteins are epithelium‐associated, differentiation‐related cytokeratins. Both TGF‐β1 and TGF‐β2 up‐modulate expression of the acidic and basic subtypes of human keratins in the responsive human colon carcinoma cells. Both the responsive and unresponsive cells, however, possess receptors for GFs.
Human melanoma cells with high susceptibility to cell‐mediated lysis can be identified on the basis of icam‐1 phenotype, vla profile and invasive ability
Authors: Anichini Andrea , Mortarini Roberta , Supino Rosanna , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMarked heterogeneity for susceptibility to lysis by autologous CTL clones and allogeneic IL‐2‐activated CD3‐ and CD3+ lymphocytes was found among 19 clones isolated from a human metastatic melanoma (Me665/2). A subset of 5 clones with the highest susceptibility to lysis had increased ICAM‐1 antigen expression. Phenotype analysis for the presence of extracellular matrix receptors in the β1‐ and β3‐integrin families revealed that the tumor clones with the highest susceptibility to lysis were also characterized by frequent expression or increased expression of multiple receptors in the β1 family including VLA‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4 and ‐6. The correlation between phenotypic markers and susceptibility to lysis, seen at the clonal level, was confirmed by selection experiments on the uncloned metastasis Me665/2. In fact, the neoplastic population surviving 3 cycles of immunoselection with IL‐2‐activated lymphocytes exhibited, in comparison to the unselected metastasis: (1) reduced susceptibility to lysis and (2) reduced expression of ICAM‐1 and of VLA antigens. In contrast, enhanced susceptibility to lysis and up‐regulation of ICAM‐1, VLA‐1 and VLA‐3 antigens were observed on melanoma cells recovered after invading a reconstituted basement membrane. These data indicate that melanoma cells with enhanced susceptibility to cell‐mediated lysis can be identified on the basis of phenotypic characteristics (ICAM‐1 and VLA antigen profile) and functional features (invasive ability on reconstituted basement membranes).