bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic and Genetic Analysis of Biomarkers for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Expression and Activation
Authors: Zhen Yueying , Krausz Kristopher W. , Chen Chi , Idle Jeffrey R. , Gonzalez Frank J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear receptor with manifold effects on intermediary metabolism. To define a set of urinary biomarkers that could be used to determine the efficacy of PPARα agonists, a metabolomic investigation was undertaken in wild-type and Pparα-null mice fed for 2 wk either a regular diet or a diet containing the PPARα ligand Wy-14,643 ([4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid), and their urine was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis of 6393 accurate mass positive ions revealed clustering as a single phenotype of the treated and untreated Pparα (−/−) mice plus two additional discrete phenotypes for the treated and untreated Pparα (+/+) mice. Biomarkers of PPARα activation were identified from their accurate masses and confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry of authentic compounds. Biomarkers were quantitated from raw chromatographic data using appropriate calibration curves. PPARα urinary biomarkers highly statistically significantly elevated by Wy-14,643 treatment included 11β-hydroxy-3,20-dioxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid (&gt;3700-fold), 11β,20-dihydroxy-3-oxopregn-4-en-21-oic acid (50-fold), nicotinamide (&gt;2-fold), nicotinamide 1-oxide (5-fold), 1-methylnicotinamide (1.5-fold), hippuric acid (2-fold), and 2,8-dihydroxyquinoline-β-d-glucuronide (3-fold). PPARα urinary biomarkers highly statistically significantly attenuated by Wy-14,643 treatment included xanthurenic acid (1.3-fold), hexanoylglycine (20-fold), phenylpropionylglycine (4-fold), and cinnamoylglycine (9-fold). These biomarkers arise from PPARα effects on tryptophan, corticosterone, and fatty acid metabolism and on glucuronidation. This study underscores the power of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with genetically modified mice in the definition of monogenic metabolic phenotypes.
Nur77 Coordinately Regulates Expression of Genes Linked to Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Chao Lily C. , Zhang Zidong , Pei Liming , Saito Tsugumichi , Tontonoz Peter , Pilch Paul F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInnervation is important for normal metabolism in skeletal muscle, including insulin-sensitive glucose uptake. However, the transcription factors that transduce signals from the neuromuscular junction to the nucleus and affect changes in metabolic gene expression are not well defined. We demonstrate here that the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is a regulator of gene expression linked to glucose utilization in muscle. In vivo, Nur77 is preferentially expressed in glycolytic compared with oxidative muscle and is responsive to β-adrenergic stimulation. Denervation of rat muscle compromises expression of Nur77 in parallel with that of numerous genes linked to glucose metabolism, including glucose transporter 4 and genes involved in glycolysis, glycogenolysis, and the glycerophosphate shuttle. Ectopic expression of Nur77, either in rat muscle or in C2C12 muscle cells, induces expression of a highly overlapping set of genes, including glucose transporter 4, muscle phosphofructokinase, and glycogen phosphorylase. Furthermore, selective knockdown of Nur77 in rat muscle by small hairpin RNA or genetic deletion of Nur77 in mice reduces the expression of a battery of genes involved in skeletal muscle glucose utilization in vivo. Finally, we show that Nur77 binds the promoter regions of multiple genes involved in glucose metabolism in muscle. These results identify Nur77 as a potential mediator of neuromuscular signaling in the control of metabolic gene expression.
Pediatric Migraine: Pharmacologic Agents for Prophylaxis
Authors: Eiland Lea S , Jenkins Lauren S , Durham Spencer H 
Published: June 2007

Objective: To identify and evaluate the data regarding medication use for migraine prophylaxis in the pediatric population. Data Sources: Literature was obtained through searches in PubMed (Mid 1950s–March 2007), Iowa Drug Information Service/Web (1966–February 2007), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–Pebruary 2007), and the Cochrane Library. The terms migraine, prophylaxis, child, and children were used and cross referenced with all drug names. Reference citations from publications identified were also reviewed and included. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Only trials that evaluated migraine headaches in the pediatric population were included. Trials including adolescent and adult populations are briefly listed, but not reviewed. Trials involving nonprescription medication were also included in the evaluation. Due to the limited information, all clinical trials, retrospective reviews, and abstracts evaluated were included in this review. Data Synthesis: Few controlled clinical trials regarding prophylaxis therapy are available. Currently, no medications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prophylaxis of migraines in children. Seventeen drugs were identified and included in the review. Of the drugs with available data, topiramate, valproic acid, flunarizine, amitriptyline, and cyproheptadine have shown efficacy in decreasing migraine frequency and duration in children. However, larger clinical trials are necessary to validate the utility of these agents. Conflicting data exist for propranolol and pizotifen, and additional data are needed for gabapentin, leve-tiracetam, zonisamide, naproxen, and trazodone. In clinical trials, nimodipine, clonidine, and natural supplements have shown a lack of efficacy versus placebo for prophylaxis of migraines in children. Conclusions: Topiramate, valproic acid, and amitriptyline have the most data on their use for prophylaxis of migraines in children. Numerous agents have limited data in this population and several agents lack efficacy. Prospective, well designed, controlled clinical trials that include quality-of-life and functional outcomes are needed for guiding therapy of migraine prophylaxis for children.
Lysosomal cysteine cathepsins: signaling pathways in apoptosis
Authors: Stoka Veronika , Turk Vito , Turk Boris 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Apoptosis is the major mechanism by which eukaryotic organisms eliminate potentially dangerous, superfluous and damaged cells. Initially, nuclei and mitochondria were found to be the key organelles involved in the process. However, recent data suggest that lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum also play important roles in the process. A number of different stimuli were found to directly or indirectly target the lysosomal membrane, thereby inducing lysosomal permeabilization and the release of cysteine cathepsins and the aspartic protease cathepsin D into the cytosol. Once in the cytosol, cathepsins can trigger cell death by different mechanisms. Here we discuss the different signaling pathways used by lysosomal proteases to trigger apoptosis and their potential role in physiological processes.
Selection of vimentin-specific antibodies from the HuCAL® phage display library by subtractive panning on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue
Authors: Jarutat Tiantom , Nickels Cora , Frisch Christian , Stellmacher Florian , Hofig Kai Peter , Knappik Achim , Merz Hartmut 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We describe the direct isolation of specific antibodies on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. The technique involves subtractive selection of a large and highly diverse combinatorial human antibody phage library (HuCAL®) on lymphocyte FFPE tissue sections. Tissue sections from normal human tonsil tissue were used to deplete the library of binders to most housekeeping proteins. Mantle-cell lymphoma tissue was used for positive selection and enrichment of mantle cell or tumor-specific antibody phage. We established a high-throughput immunohistochemical method for screening of antibody clones selected from FFPE tissue. One recombinant antibody showed specific staining for interfollicular and mantle cells in FFPE tissue. Immunoprecipitation with this antibody and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis revealed specificity for vimentin.
Annexin B1 fromTaenia soliummetacestodes is a newly characterized member of the annexin family
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang Kai-Hui , Guo Ying-Jun , Lu Yi-Ming , Yan Hong-Li , Song Yun-Long , Wang Fang , Ding Fei-Xiang , Sun Shu-Han 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe previously reported cloning of theTaenia soliumannexin B1 gene from a metacestode cDNA expression library and demonstrated that it acts as a protective antigen for effective vaccine development against cysticercosis. In the present study we produced recombinant annexin B1 and antiserum against the protein to investigate its structural and functional properties. Western blotting of metacestode fractions indicated thatT. soliumannexin B1, similar to vertebrate annexins, associates with acid phospholipids in the presence of Ca2+. This property was confirmed by the recognition of apoptotic cells by labeled annexin B1. CD spectroscopy results demonstrated that α-helices are the main secondary structures of the protein. Ca2+binding increases the α-helix content and causes significant thermal stabilization with a melting temperature increase of approximately 10°C. Functional Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding sites of annexin B1 were investigated using mutant proteins. By changing a conserved acidic amino acid residue that putatively combines Ca2+in each domain of annexin B1 singly or in combination, we found that Ca2+binding in the first domain is more important than that at the other Ca2+binding sites. Annexin B1 is a metacestode stage-specific antigen, with the protein being mainly localized in the teguments and surrounding cyst wall ofT. soliummetacestodes, suggesting a role in the parasite-host interaction.
Characterization of rat BLOS2/Ceap, a putative yeast She3 homolog, as interaction partner of apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor/Che-1
Authors: Felten Andrea , Leister Peter , Burgdorf Sven , Uhlmann Lutz , Scheidtmann Karl Heinz 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
AATF/Che-1 is a coactivator of several transcription factors, including steroid hormone receptors. In search of novel interaction partners of AATF, we identified BLOS2 (BLOC1S2, also termed Ceap) from a rat cDNA library. BLOS2 is extremely conserved with a high degree of homology to yeast She3p. The clone isolated represents a splice variant encoding a polypeptide of 168 residues. Rat BLOS2 mRNA is highly expressed in brain and testis and at lower levels in other tissues, but not in skeletal or smooth muscle. Expression as a tagged fusion protein revealed predominant cytoplasmic, but also nuclear localization. In the cytoplasm, BLOS2 fusion proteins exhibit diffuse, filamentous, or dotted distribution, with the latter partially co-localizing with recycling endosomes. In addition, BLOS2 localizes to centrosomes or the pericentrosomal region. Moreover, BLOS2 co-localizes with myosin V globular tail domains in vesicle-like structures. However, a direct interaction could not be demonstrated. In transactivation assays, BLOS2 enhanced transcription from androgen receptor and p53-responsive promoters. However, this enhancement correlated with accumulation of both androgen receptor and p53, suggesting that BLOS2 has a stabilizing effect on these transcription factors. We propose that BLOS2 functions as an adapter in processes such as protein and vesicle processing and transport, and perhaps transcription.
Competitive displacement of full-length HIV-1 Nef from the Hck SH3 domain by a high-affinity artificial peptide
Authors: Stangler Thomas , Tran Tuyen , Hoffmann Silke , Schmidt Holger , Jonas Esther , Willbold Dieter 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We studied the interaction of the artificial 12-aa proline-rich peptide PD1 with the SH3 domain of the hematopoietic cell kinase Hck and the peptide's potency in competitively displacing HIV-1 Nef from the Hck SH3 domain. PD1 was obtained from a phage display screen and exhibits exceptional affinity for the Hck SH3 domain (K
d=0.23 μM). Competition experiments using NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that the peptide even displaces Nef from Hck SH3 and allow for estimation of the Nef-Hck SH3 dissociation constant (K
d=0.44 μM), the strongest SH3 ligand interaction known so far. Consequences of this study for novel antiviral concepts are discussed.
Characterisation of two calmodulin-like proteins from the liver fluke,Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Russell Sean L. , McFerran Neil V. , Hoey Elizabeth M. , Trudgett Alan , Timson David J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCalmodulin is a calcium ion-sensing signalling protein found in eukaryotics. Two calmodulin-like gene sequences were identified in an EST library from adult liver flukes. One codes for a protein (FhCaM1) homologous to mammalian calmodulins (98% identity), whereas the other protein (FhCaM2) has only 41% identity. These genes were cloned into expression vectors and the recombinant proteins were expressed inEscherichia coli. Gel shift assays showed that both proteins bind to calcium, magnesium and zinc ions. Homology models have been built for both proteins. As expected, FhCaM1 has a highly similar structure to other calmodulins. Although FhCaM2 has a similar fold, its surface charge is higher than FhCaM1. One of the potential metal ion-binding sites has lower metal-ion co-ordination capability, while another has an adjacent lysine residue, both of which may decrease the metal-binding affinity. These differences may reflect a specialised role for FhCaM2 in the liver fluke.
Shopping and chatting: Reports of tourist–host interaction in The Gambia
Authors: Lawson Sarah , Jaworski Adam 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
As it becomes continually easier, at least technologically, for people to move around the world, so the growing numbers of global tourists, in their search for constantly novel experiences (Urry 2002), travel to destinations which are increasingly exotic and distant to them, not only geographically, but also in economic, social and cultural terms. This, in turn, brings them into contact with people from these very different cultures and societies. This paper examines interactions between tourists and hosts in The Gambia, a ‘winter sun’ package holiday destination in West Africa. To investigate the nature of such interactions, 20 ‘communication diaries’ were completed by a group of British tourism students during their week-long field trip to The Gambia and followed up by small group discussions with some of the participants. The students were asked to record as many individual interactions with Gambians as possible noting the following information: Time; Place; Situation; Interlocutor; Languages spoken; Topics; Result of interaction; Perceptions of interactions. 194 interactions were recorded. Many of the interactions were ‘transactional’ in that tourism workers treat them as potential sources of income. However, their tenor is predominantly ‘personal’ as they were full of phatic communion and chatting. Central to the tourist experience in The Gambia is the role of the ‘bumsters’ due to their mediating function between the tourists and other Gambian people. The omnipresence of the ‘bumsters’ in all tourist areas and their constant ‘pestering’ of tourists is initially annoying to the latter but also acts as a catalyst in encouraging contact with other Gambians by familiarising tourists with local people. We conclude by discussing our findings in the context of the global economies of tourism.
Die nicht-flektierten Adjektive / The uninflected adjectives
Authors: Trost Igor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNon-inflecting adjectives occur not only in predicative, adverbial, co-predicative-adverbial and adadjectival-attributive function, but also occur regularly in adnominal-attributive function in particular types of text. This can occur in both the preposed and postposed position of the governing nominal core of the noun phrase. In contrast, the adnominal-attributive use in the position between the determinative and the governing nominal core is characteristic of inflected adjectives.
Dieser freundlicher Streit mit Rivalem und andern welchen Leuten. Über aktuelle Ungewöhnlichkeiten und latente Möglichkeiten in der Nominalphrase / Dieser freundlich er Streit mit Rival em und andern welchen Leuten. On current oddities and latent possibilities in the nominal phrase
Authors: Harnisch Rüdiger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with three different abnormal constructions of the noun phrase in German: nouns hold full case inflection when they are un-accompanied in the NP (
11. Arbeitstagung zur Gesprächsforschung am Institut für Deutsche Sprache in Mannheim, 6.-8. April 2005 / 11th workshop on conversation and discourse analysis at the German Language Institute in Mannheim, 6–8 April 2005
Authors: Harren Inga 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWie schon in den beiden Vorjahren fand die Arbeitstagung zur Gesprächsforschung (ehemals
Cooperation and conflict in ingroup and intergroup communication „Dialoganalyse X“ 2005 – Bericht über den Kongress der IADA. Universität Bukarest, 25.-28. Mai 2005 / Report on the IADA Convention. University of Bucharest, 25–28 May 2005
Authors: Gobber Giovanni 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDer zehnte Kongress der IADA –
Löcher bohren, Dächer bauen. Fachkonferenz “Perspektiven der Jugendsprachforschung” in Zürich, 17.-19.02.2005 / Löcher bohren, Dächer bauen. The symposium “Perspectives of research in adolescent language” in Zurich, 17–19 February 2005
Authors: Giger Nadio , Spitzmüller Jürgen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeit 13 Jahren treffen sich die VertreterInnen der germanistischen und zunehmend auch der internationalen Jugendsprachforschung in regelmäßigen Abständen zu einem Austausch über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung. Nach den Fachkonferenzen in Leipzig (1992), Heidelberg (1997), Osnabrück (1998) und Wuppertal (2001) fand im Februar 2005 die fünfte Tagung in Boldern bei Zürich und damit erstmals außerhalb Deutschlands statt. Etwa 90 TeilnehmerInnen aus 15 Ländern waren der Einladung von Christa Dürscheid (Zürich) gefolgt, „neue Blicke durch alte Löcher“ und „neue Blicke durch neue Löcher“ zu werfen, wie es in ihrem Eröffnungsvortrag in Anlehnung an Georg Christoph Lichtenberg hieß. Neben aktuellen Ergebnissen standen also auch alte, ungelöste Grundsatzfragen der Forschung (Welchen ontologischen Status räumt man „Jugendsprache“ ein? Ist sie eine Varietät, ein Stil, ein Register? Ist „Jugend“ eher eine soziale oder eher eine biologische Kategorie? u. a.) auf dem Programm.
BIOMASS DYNAMICS IN AMAZONIAN FOREST FRAGMENTS
Authors: Nascimento Henrique E. M. , Laurance William F. 
Published: June 2007

Habitat fragmentation affects aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests, with potentially important implications for carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. We assessed the dynamics of aboveground‐biomass stocks by combining long‐term (10– 19 yr) data on mortality, damage, growth, and recruitment of large (≥10 cm diameter at breast height [dbh]) trees with measurements of nearly all other live and dead plant material (seedlings, saplings, small trees, palms, lianas, downed wood debris, snags, litter) in 50 1‐ha plots in fragmented and continuous Amazonian forests.The key process altering biomass dynamics in fragmented forests is the chronically elevated mortality of large trees, which apparently results from microclimatic changes and increased wind turbulence near forest edges. This, in turn, accelerates the production of necromass and leads to significantly increased wood debris and litter on the forest floor. Near forest edges, frequent canopy disturbance increases the amount of light in the understory, resulting in accelerated tree recruitment, significantly higher biomass of small (5– 10 cm dbh) trees, and higher liana densities. Surprisingly, the estimated annual turnover of wood debris increases significantly near forest edges, suggesting that decomposition is occurring more rapidly in fragmented than continuous forests.These results reveal that habitat fragmentation fundamentally alters the distribution and dynamics of aboveground biomass in Amazonian forests. The rate of carbon cycling probably increases sharply, both because long‐lived canopy and emergent trees decline in favor of shorter‐lived successional trees and lianas, and because necromass production and turnover both appear to increase. Carbon storage in live vegetation also declines because small successional trees and lianas (which typically have low wood density) store substantially less carbon than do large, old‐growth trees. Finally, the decline and rapid decay of live biomass in forest fragments may produce substantial atmospheric carbon emissions, above and beyond that resulting from deforestation per se.
CARBON AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN SECONDARY FORESTS REGENERATING ON PASTURES IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA
Authors: Feldpausch Ted R. , Rondon Marco A. , Fernandes Erick C. M. , Riha Susan J. , Wandelli Elisa 
Published: June 2007

Over the past three decades, large expanses of forest in the Amazon Basin were converted to pasture, many of which later degraded to woody fallows and were abandoned. While the majority of tropical secondary forest (SF) studies have examined post‐deforestation or post‐agricultural succession, we examined post‐pasture forest recovery in 10 forests ranging in age from 0 to 14 years since abandonment. We measured aboveground biomass and soil nutrients to 45 cm depth and computed total site carbon (C) and nutrient stocks to gain an understanding of the dynamics of nutrient and C buildup in regenerating SF in central Amazonia.Aboveground biomass accrual was rapid, 11.0 Mg·ha−1·yr−1, in the young SFs. Within 12–14 yr, they accumulated up to 128.1 Mg/ha of dry aboveground biomass, equivalent to 25–50% of primary forest biomass in the region. Wood nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations decreased with forest age. Aboveground P and calcium (Ca) stocks accumulated at a rate of 1.2 and 29.4 kg·ha−1·yr−1; extractable soil P stocks declined as forest age increased. Although soil stocks of exchangeable Ca (207.0 ± 23.7 kg/ha) and extractable P (8.3 ± 1.5 kg/ha) were low in the first 45 cm, both were rapidly translocated from soil to plant pools. Soil N stocks increased with forest age, probably due to N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and/or subsoil mining.Total soil C storage to 45 cm depth ranged between 42 and 84 Mg/ha, with the first 15 cm storing 40–45% of the total. Total C accrual (7.04 Mg C·ha−1·yr−1) in both aboveground and soil pools was similar or higher than values reported in other studies. Tropical SFs regrowing on lightly to moderately used pasture rapidly sequester C and rebuild total nutrient capital following pasture abandonment. Translocation of some nutrients from deep soil (>45 cm depth) may be important to sustaining productivity and continuing biomass accumulation in these forests. The soil pool represents the greatest potential for long‐term C gains; however, soil nutrient deficits may limit future productivity.