bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The human external auditory canal secretory system — an ultrastructural study
Authors: Main Thomas , Lim David 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHuman external auditory canal skin, with a special emphasis on the secretory system, was studied by light, transmission electron and scanning electron microscopy. Two types of secretory glands were observed: modified apocrine (ceruminous) and sebaceous. The sebaceous secretory cells showed a typical holocrine mode of secretion, and its secretory vacuoles were homogeneous; on the other hand, modified apocrine secretory cells contained heterogeneous secretory granules. They were ither dark granules or light granules. In addition to these granules there were secretory vesicles. Evidence to support both the apocrine as well as the eccrine mode of secretion was noted in the modified apocrine gland. This finding is partly in agreement with early reports based on light microscopy which suggested only an apocrine mode and data based on transmission electron microscopy which showed only the eccrine mode. Significance of the secretion by the external ear canal and its role in a local immune defense system is discussed.
The role of aminopeptidases in inflammatory and neoplastic tissues
Authors: Spector Gershon J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe role of leucine and alanine aminopeptidases is studied in three different biologic systems: experimental wound healing in the rat, experimental carrageenan induced intradermal granulomas in the rat, and human laryngeal carcinomas.The wound healing experiments indicate that the proliferating granulation tissue has high quantities of aminopeptidase activity which is residing primarily intracellularly in granulocytes, macrophages, mast cells, fibroblasts, and new budding vessels. The quantitative levels of tissue aminopeptidases correlate positively with the degree of cellularity of the wound and fibroblastic activity. Some aminopeptidases (isoenzymes) are secreted or released by the fibroblasts into the blood serum. Starch gel electrophoretic analysis demonstrates that in fibroblasts there are at least three groups of aminopeptidases with different concentrations and migration rates. Two are probably released or secreted into the serum, and the third is membranous bound in the cytoplasm (lysosomal).The carrageenan intradermal granuloma demonstrates a different inflammatory reaction which is rich in macrophages and produces a different pattern of aminopeptidase activity. Macrophages produce a high tissue level of aminopeptidase activity which is intracellularly bound and not readily leached out into the serum. Gel electrophoretic studies of amino‐peptidases produced by the granuloma demonstrate that the tissue bound enzyme is the main component. In addition, there appears to be a mechanism, which is not understood, for specific induction or activation of lysosomal proteolytic and carbohydrase enzymes. This mechanism is dependent on the nature and composition of the injuring agent.Laryngeal carcinomas demonstrate high tissue homogenate levels and normal serum levels of aminopeptidase activities. These enzymes are located in the tumor stroma. They are not directly related to tumor invasiveness but to the degree of stromal proliferation. The tumor stroma behaves as though it were a non‐healing wound constantly secreting proteolytic enzymes (aminopeptidases).A major problem that needs to be resolved is to find the operating mechanism by which malignant cells interact with their constantly proliferating fibroblastic stroma.
Fractures of the edentulous maxilla and mandible
Authors: Welsh Louis W. , Welsh John J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn evaluation and treatment of fracture of the edentulous maxilla and/or mandible is presented. The LeFort classification of maxillary fractures is the foundation for the program of care. Immobilization techniques are based upon the support of a fracture by suspension from the adjacent stable segments to the modified prosthesis. The mandibular fractures are repaired by interosseous wire fixation in the body and symphysis region, the other fracture sites are supported by circumferential wiring to the prosthesis for immobilization.General principles of time of repair, diet, types of healing factors are reviewed.
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Shapiro Myron J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEndocrine as well as oncologic attributes mark this rare tumor as unique. It is derived from “C cells” resembling the parafollicular cells of lower animals; these cells elaborate Calcitonin which acts as a sensitive signal of the presence of the tumor. Other endocrinopathies are present in 70 percent of cases so that the tumor may present as part of a complex but increasing well known clinical picture. In 10 percent the tumor occurs as an autosomal dominate trait; in the remainder, the occurrence is sporadic. As expected the lesions are “cold” on I131 scan. The histologic appearance of amyloid is characteristic. Regional lymph node metastasis occurs early.The tumor deserves appropriate aggressive management. Essentially surgical therapy should begin early and vigorously; the minimum procedure should be total thyroidectomy. Frequent lymph node metastasis speaks for the need for radical neck dissection which should be extended into the superior mediastinum. Management should also include the frequently associated endocrinopathies, particularly pheochromocytomas which must be suspected and eradicated prior to treatment of the thyroid tumor. A genetic workup should be included.Six cases are described, ranging in age from the third to the eighth decade. Only two were free of disease at this writing, two were alive with their disease and two were dead of their disease. All were of the sporadic group, and only one had associated endocrinopathies. None of these cases were diagnosed preoperatively.
The role of cellular degeneration in the normal development of (rat) otocyst
Authors: Marovitz William F. , Shugar Joel M. A. , Khan Khalid M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFrom day 12 to 16 of gestation a highly circumscribed zone of cellular degeneration has been observed in the otocyst of more than 50 normal rats. This zone appears to be produced by selective or programmed cell death, and results in the elimination of unneeded cellular elements. That cells in this zone are also selectively destroying subcellular organelles as a first step in specialization is also discussed.Programmed cellular death has long been known in other systems and is often an obligatory companion to cellular specialization. The ear now joins the long list of organs which demonstrate this phenomenon.
Physician and patient‐induced diseases in otolaryngology office practice
Authors: Schramm Victor L. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract“Theragenic” diseases produce common ENT complaints. They are frequently and predictably induced by self or physician treatment. Fifteen percent of first office visits in various practice situations stem from ther‐apeutically‐induced disease. Self treatment by cotton tip applicator ear cleaning, nasal decongestants, mouth washes, and lozenges produce symptoms which mimic other etiologies. Prescription medications produce diseases with ENT symptoms which are based on pharmacologic toxicity, multiple drug therapy, drug intolerance, and occasional idiopathic hyper‐sensitivity. The treatment of these diseases is simple and effective once their etiology is discovered.
Computerized tomography (ct) in otolaryngology
Authors: Wortzman G. , Holgate R. C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractComputerized tomography (CT) of the brain has been available since 1973 and has changed neurological, neurosurgical and radiological practice beyond recognition. A rapid growth of literature has documented its role in the diagnosis of intracranial hematoma, cerebral atrophy, brain tumor, orbital lesions and postoperative tumor evaluation.This computerized method of image reconstruction is now also being applied to the rest of the body and to other diagnostic modalities such as isotopes and ultrasound.The initial impact of CT scanning in otolaryngology is largely in four areas:

Facial deformities either acquired or congenital as hypertelorism, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma and Crouzon's disease.
Tumors involving sinuses primarily or by secondary invasion.
Cerebello‐pontine angle lesions as meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, and glomus jugulare tumors. The larger acoustic neuroma is well visualized by this technique rendering contrast myelography unnecessary.In CT scanning, subtle differences in position and an increase in density before contrast enhancement should allow a differentiation of angle meningiomas from acoustic neuromas; in addition, CT scanning has a very important role in the postoperative assessment of angle tumors.
Infections as cerebral abscess or cerebritis secondary to sinus or mastoid disease.

The future holds changes that will allow much finer detail, re‐orientation of the horizontal information into any plane, and much more accurate differentiation of tissue density.The principle of CT image reconstruction is being; applied to both isotope and ultrasound scanning and should improve their accuracy and yield. If the rapid growth of the new technology over the past two years continues, even greater usefulness can be anticipated.
Red chorda tympani nerve in herpes zoster oticus
Authors: May Mark 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA red chorda tympani nerve was previously reported as a finding limited to patients with Bell's palsy. This is a report of red chorda tympani nerve observed in 3 of 10 patients with Herpes Zoster oticus in whom the chorda tympani was visible. It is speculated that the red discoloration is due to a viral inflammatory process and, therefore, when this sign is present in a patient with idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis, a viral neuropathy should be suspected.
Flap reconstruction in major surgery of the head and neck
Authors: Skolnik E. M. , Yee K. F. , Keyes G. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe challenging restoration of form and function in radical surgery of the head and neck demands sound concepts and proper execution in reconstruction. Flaps are most frequently employed in reconstruction, following major surgery because of their rich blood supply and cosmetic superiority. Of the many types of flaps known, the midline forehead flap, tem‐poroforehead flap, mastoid‐occipital flap, tongue flap, and deltopectoral flap have enjoyed most popularity. The design and application of these flaps are discussed. Our techniques in reconstruction of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, esophagus, nose, Andy‐Gump deformities (anterior jaw complex resection), pharyngo‐orocutaneous fistulas, and radionecrosis of the mandible are presented.
Reconstruction of Identity After Brain Injury
Authors: Ylvisaker Mark , Feeney Timothy 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFollowing severe traumatic brain injury, difficulty with behavioural adjustment and community reintegration is common. A potential contributor to this difficulty is a sense of personal identity that is inconsistent with the restrictions on activity and need for effortful compensation imposed by persistent impairment. We summarise an information processing framework within which the impact of schematic mental models of self is explained and present intervention procedures designed to help individuals with traumatic brain injury reconstruct an organised and positive sense of personal identity. We conclude the paper with three instructive case illustrations.
Language Disabilities, Comorbid Developmental Disorders and Risk for Drug Abuse in Adolescence
Authors: Snow Pamela 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper deals with research which makes links between developmental problems such as language-learning disorders, attentional disorders, and behaviour disturbance on the one hand, and risk for misuse of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) in adolescence on the other. Poor academic performance is frequently cited as a risk for adolescent AOD misuse, however few workers have critically examined the role of linguistically-based academic sub-skills (e.g., oral and written language competence; strong social skills) which normally contribute to academic success, and hence operate as protective factors with respect to risk for AOD misuse. Studies which specifically address language skills and their association with risk for AOD misuse are reviewed, as are investigations which deal with patterns of comorbidity which are typically evident in clinical populations. Particular emphasis is placed on comorbidities between language-learning difficulties on the one hand, and behavioural or attentional disorders, on the other. It is argued that more explicitly investigating and intervening at the level of core language/social skill competencies might serve to strengthen protective factors in vulnerable groups. It is also noted that comorbid problems need to be considered as important covariates in studies of language disordered children and adolescents, rather than being treated as exclusionary criteria.
First do no Harm. Culturally-Appropriate Neuropsychological Assessment for Indigenous People: A Position Paper
Authors: Ogden Jenni A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper outlines some of the issues that arise when neuropsychologists, usually white, are faced with carrying out neuropsychological assessments on indigenous people. Whilst the focus is on the New Zealand situation and the assessment of Maori, it is suggested that some of the issues and possibly some of the solutions will provide a useful starting point for other countries, including Australia, where indigenous people have been colonised and as a result are over-represented in many of the negative statistics. New Zealand is in a transition stage where the number of indigenous clinical psychologists and neuropsychologists is growing but is still very small. Even when there are enough Maori neuropsychologists to serve the needs of Maori clients, there will still be situations when Maori prefer to be seen by a white neuropsychologist, or when a white neuropsychologist is the only professional available with the appropriate expertise related to the assessment of a particular disorder. It is therefore our professional responsibility to develop knowledge and skills that will assist us to carry out culturally-fair assessments which can lead to a better outcome for the client, and at the very least can reduce the harm done by an insensitive and invalid assessment.
Recovery Profiles of Cognitive-Sensory Modalities in Patients in the Minimally Conscious State Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Smith Vanessa H. , Taylor Christine M. , Lammi Michele H. , Tate Robyn L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOver the past two decades there has been an increasing number of patients surviving severe traumatic brain injury and entering rehabilitation facilities at an earlier phase in their recovery. These patients often present in a minimally conscious state and are difficult to objectively assess. As a result, a number of batteries have been developed targeting this population. The Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) was used in the present study to identify patterns in recovery of cognitive-sensory modalities. The WNSSP records of 25 patients in a minimally conscious state were examined and profiles of recovery over four test occasions of a subset of 12 patients were examined in detail. Results demonstrated that within this highly heterogeneous group, Object Manipulation was an early emerging skill, and trends to significance were also observed in Auditory Response, Visual Tracking and Olfactory Response. A case study is presented to illustrate how the WNSSP results can be utilised to direct individualised treatment planning.
Folic Acid–Fortified Iodized Salt and Serum Folate Levels in Reproductive-Aged Women of Rural India
Authors: Pattisapu Jogi V. , Manda Vijayasekhar V. , Kottakki Madhu Narayana Rao , Kajana Phani Madhavi , Kancherla Vijaya , Bhaganagarapu Hayagriva Rao , Veerappan Vigneshwar , Ediga Achuith , Mannar Venkatesh , Diosady Levente , Oakley Godfrey P. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceIndia has a disproportionately high prevalence of neural tube defects, including spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA), causing a high number of stillbirths, elective pregnancy terminations, and child mortality; India contributes a large proportion of the global burden of SBA. Thirty years after folic acid was shown to be effective in reducing SBA prevalence, only about one-quarter of such births are prevented globally through cereal grain fortification.ObjectiveTo determine the association of folic acid–fortified iodized salt with serum folate concentrations among nonpregnant and nonlactating women of reproductive age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nonrandomized controlled trial using a preintervention and postintervention design was conducted in 4 rural villages in Southern India from July 1 to November 30, 2022. All households in the villages agreed to participate in the study. Preintervention and postintervention serum folate levels were analyzed among study participants at baseline and after 4 months, respectively.InterventionConsumption of approximately 300 µg/d of folic acid using double fortified salt (folic acid plus iodine). Median serum folate concentrations were assessed at baseline and 4 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChange in median serum folate levels between baseline and study end point as the primary outcome of the study.ResultsA total of 83 nonpregnant nonlactating women aged 20 to 44 years (mean [SD] age, 30.9 [5.1] years) were eligible for the study and provided serum samples for analysis at baseline and the end point of the intervention. The median serum folate concentration increased from 14.6 (IQR, 11.2-20.6) nmol/L at baseline to 54.4 (IQR, 43.5-54.4) nmol/L at end of study, a 3.7-fold increase from baseline to study end point. Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test showed the median difference in preintervention and postintervention serum folate concentrations to be highly significant (P &amp;lt; .001). The participants found the salt acceptable in color and taste.Conclusions and RelevanceUse of folic acid–fortified iodized salt was associated with increased serum folate concentrations in women of reproductive age. This novel evidence can inform public health policy to accelerate SBA prevention.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06174883
A genome‐wide study of gastric intramucosal neoplasia based on somatic copy number alterations, gene mutations, and mRNA expression patterns
Authors: Koike Yoshihiko , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Sugimoto Ryo , Uesugi Noriyuku , Matsumoto Takayuki , Suzuki Hiromu , Yanagawa Naoki , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe performed comprehensive analyses of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) and gene expression profiles of gastric intramucosal neoplasia (IMN) using array‐based methods in 97 intestinal‐type IMNs, including 39 low‐grade dysplasias (LGDs), 37 high‐grade dysplasias (HGDs), and 26 intramucosal carcinomas (IMCs) with stromal invasion of the lamina propria to identify the molecular mechanism of IMN. In addition, we examined gene mutations using gene panel analyses. We used cluster analyses for exclusion of arbitrariness to identify SCNA patterns and expression profiles. IMNs were classified into two distinct subgroups (subgroups 1 and 2) based on SCNA patterns. Subgroup 1 showed a genomic stable pattern due to the low frequency of SCNAs, whereas subgroup 2 exhibited a chromosomal instability pattern due to the high frequencies of SCNAs and TP53 mutations. Interestingly, although the frequencies of LGD and HGD were significantly higher in subgroup 1 than in subgroup 2, IMC was commonly found in both types. Although the expression profiles of specific mRNAs could be used to categorise subgroups 1 and 2, no clinicopathological findings correlated with either subgroup. We examined signalling pathways specific to subgroups 1 and 2 to identify the association of each subgroup with signalling pathways based on gene ontology tree visualisation: subgroups 1 and 2 were associated with haem metabolism and chromosomal instability, respectively. These findings reveal a comprehensive genomic landscape that highlights the molecular complexity of IMNs and provide a road map to facilitate our understanding of gastric IMNs.
Decoding the effects of varied peer victimization forms on depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents: An exploration through latent transition analysis
Authors: Wang Xinning , Zhao Weiguo , Li Jiazheng , Mo Linli , Jiang Wenning , Peng Manman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to examine co‐occurrence patterns of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents and their associations with various forms of peer victimization. We collected longitudinal data from 1005 middle school students using the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Then we conducted latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The results reveal the presence of three depression‐anxiety profiles among participants: low depression‐anxiety group, moderate depression‐anxiety group, and high depression‐anxiety group. As verbal and relational victimization increase, adolescents are more likely to transition to a higher level of depression‐anxiety profile. However, an increase in physical and property victimization predicts a transition to a lower level of depression‐anxiety profile. The diverse effects resulting from different forms of victimization exhibit gender differences. For boys, an increase in relational victimization made participants in the moderate depression‐anxiety group more likely to transition to the high depression‐anxiety group, whereas this effect was not significant among girls. This study is theoretically significant for understanding the link between depression, anxiety, and their influencing factors. It suggests that educators, while addressing verbal and relational harm in adolescents, should reconsider the potential impact of physical and property harm. Opportunities to transform negative events into positive ones should be explored. Educators should tailor their focus based on gender, with a particular emphasis on addressing relational harm among male students. This underscores the need for differentiated approaches to effectively support students.