bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo simulations of cold neutron spectra for various para- and ortho-hydrogen ratios using different codes and nuclear data libraries
Authors: Schmidt Norberto Sebastián , Schwab Alexander , Li Jingjing , Rücker Ulrich , Zakalek Paul , Mauerhofer Eric , Dawidowski Javier , Gutberlet Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work compares simulated and measured neutron time-of-flight spectra for a cold neutron moderator with varying para-hydrogen concentrations (25%, 50%, 90% and 99.9%) embedded in a polyethylene thermal moderator. The primary neutrons are generated from the interaction of 45MeV protons with a tantalum target. The simulations were performed using several Monte Carlo codes (MCNP, PHITS, McStas, VITESS, and KDSource) together with nuclear data from the ENDF/B-VII.1 and JENDL

$$-$$

-

5.0 libraries. The simulated primary neutron yields had deviations from experimental measurements ranging from 0.3 to 16% depending on the code and the nuclear data used. The neutron moderation in the para-hydrogen moderator coupled with a neutron guide was then modeled. The neutron time distribution was measured by a

$$^3$$

3

He detector at the end of the guide. Comparison with experimental data showed good agreement, with relative differences of less than 15%. For the 99.9% para-hydrogen concentration, simulations with JENDL

$$-$$

-

5.0 were in better agreement with the experimental data, while ENDF-B/VII.1 showed better agreement for the 25% para-hydrogen case. The analysis of the results obtained provides insights into the strengths and limitations of each Monte Carlo code and nuclear data library combination. The observed discrepancies were analyzed, and possible sources of error were also identified. The analytical procedure followed in this work will help to improve the accuracy and reliability of neutron cold moderator design.
Key reconciliation protocol for quantum key distribution
Authors: Sharma Neha , Saxena Vikas , Chamola Vinay , Hassija Vikas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In quantum cryptography, secret communications are delivered through a quantum channel. One of the most important breakthroughs in quantum cryptography has been the quantum key distribution (QKD). This process enables two distant parties to share secure communications based on physical laws. However, eavesdroppers can still interrupt the communication. To overcome this, we propose a different way to detect the presence of Eve through the polynomial interpolation technique. This technique also allows us for key verification. This approach prevents the receiver as well as the intruder from discovering the sender’s fundamental basis. To fully utilize IBM quantum computers’ quantum computing capabilities, this paper attempts to show % error against alpha (strength of eavesdropping) and the impact of noise on the success probability of the desired key bits. Furthermore, the success probability under depolarizing noise is explained for different qubit counts. In the enhanced QKD protocol, using polynomial interpolation for reconciliation shows a 50% probability of successful key generation. This is even when the noise is increased to the maximum capacity.
Exploring Origin-Dependent Susceptibility of Smooth Muscle Cells to Aortic Diseases Through Intersectional Genetics
Authors: Han Ximeng , Li Yi , Wang Enci , Zhu Huan , Huang Xiuzhen , Pu Wenjuan , Zhang Mingjun , Liu Kuo , Zhao Huan , Liu Zixin , Zhao Yufei , Shen Linghong , Li Yan , Yang Xiao , Wang Qing-Dong , Ma Xin , Shen Ruling , Lui Kathy , Wang Lixin , He Ben , Zhou Bin 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
The developmental diversity among smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a crucial role in segment-specific aortic diseases. However, traditional genetic approaches are inadequate for enabling in vivo analysis of disease susceptibility associated with cellular origin. There is an urgent need to build genetic technologies that target different developmental origins to investigate the mechanisms of aortopathies, thereby facilitating the development of effective therapeutics.

METHODS:

To address this challenge, we developed an advanced dual recombinase-mediated intersectional genetic system, specifically designed to precisely target SMCs from various developmental origins in mice. Specifically, we used
Isl1-Dre
,
Wnt1-Dre
,
Meox1-DreER
, and
Upk3b-Dre
to target SMC progenitors from the second heart field, cardiac neural crest, somites, and mesothelium, respectively. This system was combined with single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the impact of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling in different segments of the aorta by selectively knocking out Tgfbr2 in the ascending aorta and Smad4 in the aortic arch, respectively.

RESULTS:

Through intersectional genetic approaches, we use the
Myh11-Cre(ER
) driver along with origin-specific Dre drivers to trace cells of diverse developmental origins within the SMC population. We found that a deficiency of Tgfbr2 in SMCs of the ascending aorta leads to aneurysm formation in this specific region. We also demonstrate the critical role of Smad4 in preserving aortic wall integrity and homeostasis in SMCs of the aortic arch.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our approach to genetically targeting SMC subtypes provides a novel platform for exploring origin-dependent or location-specific aortic vascular diseases. This genetic system enables comprehensive analysis of contributions from different cell lineages to SMC behavior and pathology, thereby paving the way for targeted research and therapeutic interventions in the future.
The International Law of Regional Organizations – Mapping the Issues
Authors: Besson Samantha , Kassoti Eva 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite their increasing significance, Regional International Organizations (rio s) have, thus far, received scant attention in international legal literature. In order to fill this gap, the International Law Association (ila) Study Group (sg) on The International Law of Regional Organizations was launched in 2021 by the two editors of this special issue. This issue is an academic emanation of the comparative international law project conducted by the ila sg. It serves two main aims: first, present the main results of the ila sg’s comparative international law exercise in an accessible and analytical format in the first contribution of the issue; and, second, gather individual contributions to address further selected conceptual, normative, historical and institutional questions pertaining to the external and internal practice of international law by rio s. The present introduction provides the necessary conceptual and theoretical background to the discussion unfolding in the remainder of the issue. It addresses the topic and scope of this special issue, maps the state of the debate and relevance of the issue, and clarifies the structure and contents of the issue.
Between Functionalism and Hegemony: Regional International Organizations in the History of International Law
Authors: Sinclair Guy Fiti 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines the changing practice and theorisation of regional international organizations (rio s) since the early nineteenth century. It argues that the identity and place of rio s in international law have been continuously shaped and reshaped by the relational practices of particular entities, understood and enacted as more or less ‘regional’ and ‘organizational’, at different times and places. The article focuses on two axes of tension in particular: the positioning of rio s between functionalist and territorial logics; and the possibility of rio s being used for hegemonic or counter-hegemonic purposes. The article traces these two lines of tension through the practice of rio s and doctrinal and theoretical reflections on that practice, over four periods of uneven lengths: the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; the interwar period; the four decades following the Second World War; and the period since the end of the Cold War.
States and Regional International Organizations
Authors: Koagne Zouapet Apollin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Beyond the thorny, even insoluble question of the definition of a region and the definition of the criteria that should make it possible to apprehend the polymorphism of rio s, the raison d’être of these organizations, their mode of operation and their activities are at the heart of the debate on “international governance”. For many authors, the advent of RIO s has often been seen as a challenge to the state monopoly in the international legal order and a redefinition of the relationship between these particular organizations and states. It is this relational dynamic between the States and the RIO s that this contribution aims to describe and analyse. The aim is to examine the originality and specificity of the relationship between the RIO s and the States, compared to the latter’s relationship with the ‘classic/universal’ ios, which would reveal something about the very nature of regional organizations.
The Relationship between rio s and the UN in Matters of Peace and Security: It’s Complicated
Authors: Schmalenbach Kirsten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Employing the example of ecowas’ reaction to the military coup in Niger, this article offers a fresh appraisal of the relationship between rio s and the UN within the universal collective security system which is – once again – largely paralysed by geopolitics. Departing from an analysis of the channels available to rio s to engage with the UN in a rapidly unfolding regional crisis, this paper argues that the UN primarily perceives rio s as mediators and peace facilitators. This is driven by rio s’ often advantageous position due to their knowledge of local dynamics and their particularly strong interest in securing peace in their own neighbourhoods. However, UN-rio cooperation in peacekeeping is not without tension and rio s’ use of military force without the targeted State’s consent or sc authorisation is seemingly at odds with the UN Charter. However, the unsc’s ambiguous practice regarding Chapter-viii authorisations may allow future developments involving rio s without opening the door to their full autonomy.
Outcomes of robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy during service implementation: Lessons from an audit
Authors: Nikoghosyan Samvel , Alevizopoulos Aristeidis , Ahmad Sheikh Nissar , Aldemir Ezgi , Arjomandi Rad Arian , Vardanyan Robert 
Published: February 2025

Background Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) is an extension of minimally invasive surgery rapidly gaining acceptance in many conditions. The study aims to assess and share lessons impact of RAS on the radical nephrectomy (RN) service during the implementation phase. Methods Two separate analyses were carried out: to compare the outcome of all RN – before and after the implementation of RAS regardless of surgical mode, and a direct comparison between two minimal invasive approaches: Robotic-assisted radical nephrectomies (RARNs) and Laparoscopic radical nephrectomies (LRNs). Results The study included 55 pre- and 45 robotic era RNs: 45 RARNs, 48 LRNs and 7 open radical nephrectomies (ORNs). Following RAS implementation, all RNs transitioned to RARNs. The broader comparison of all RNs in the robotic versus pre-robotic periods revealed significant reductions in estimated blood loss and the length of hospital stay, though operative times were notably longer. In the direct comparison between LRNs and RARNs, no major differences in perioperative outcomes were noted, except for a significantly longer duration of surgery in the RARN group. Conclusion The introduction of the robotic platform resulted in a paradigm shift in RN service, eliminating ORN and LRN. Despite increasing operative duration, RARNs improved certain perioperative outcomes (specifically length of stay and blood loss) and were favoured over other modalities.
Differentiating Between Core Practices and Best Practices: Exploring Divergent Purposes for Developing a Professional Language for Teaching
Authors: Kavanagh Sarah Schneider , Gotwalt Elizabeth Schiavone , Guillotte Amy , Bernhard Tess 
Published: February 2025

Background: In 2008, Grossman and McDonald called for the development of a common language of “core practices” for describing the practice of teaching. They argued that a shared language of practice would help teacher educators and teachers work together on practice and develop nuanced, complex, and shared conceptualizations of instruction. Purpose: This article interrogates the claim that core practices promote shared language development by investigating a practice-based professional development (PD) program on project-based learning (PBL). Within the PD program, we study how teachers’ conceptualizations of high-quality teaching shifted and how this related to their use of core practices language. Research Design: This qualitative content analysis examines if and how teachers’ conceptualizations of high-quality teaching and their use of core practices language shifted across pre- and post-PD interviews. Conclusions: After the PD program, teachers’ conceptualizations of high-quality teaching had changed. However, despite this shift, teachers rarely used the language of core practices when describing their teaching. These findings raise questions about the relationships between core practices of teaching, professional language, and teachers’ conceptualizations of teaching. The authors discuss these questions and offer a framework differentiating core practices from best practices. The framework compares divergent purposes for developing a shared language to describe the practice of teaching.
Nephrostomy (PCN) versus nephroureteral stent (Double JJ); An ongoing battle
Authors: Ghasemi-Rad Mohammad , Trinh Kelly , Wynne David , Ahmadzade Mohadese , Shamim Muhammad Hamza , Guerrero Omar , Bancroft Ashley , Ranganath Shreya , Leon David 
Published: February 2025

In the realm of medical procedures for urinary obstructions, a distinct division of roles is evident: the vast majority of percutaneous nephrostomies (PCNs) are the domain of Interventional Radiology (IR), while the placement of double J stents (JJ stents) falls squarely under Urology. This division, however, is not without its complexities. When confronted with a patient suffering from a urinary obstruction, the decision-making process can become intricate. The underlying cause often fuels the debate: should IR intervene with a PCN, or should Urology place a JJ stent? Such decisions have profound implications for the individual patient. In this comprehensive review, we aim to compare the utilization of PCN to that of JJS in a variety of clinical settings and evaluate their indications, relative efficacies, and potential complications to ascertain whether one procedure outperforms the other.
A Combined Model of Vital Signs and Serum Biomarkers Outperforms Shock Index in the Prediction of Hemorrhage Control Interventions in Surgical Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Forrester John P. , Del Rio Manuel Beltran , Meyer Cristine H. , Paci Samuel P. R. , Rastegar Ella R. , Li Timmy , Sfakianos Maria G. , Klein Eric N. , Bank Matthew E , Rolston Daniel M. , Christopherson Nathan A , Jafari Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Background Distinguishing surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with ongoing bleeding who require hemorrhage control interventions (HCI) can be challenging. Guidelines recommend risk-stratification with clinical variables and prediction tools, however supporting evidence remains mixed. Methods This retrospective study evaluated adult patients admitted to the surgical ICU with concern for ongoing hemorrhage under our institution's “Hemorrhage Watch” (HW) protocol and aimed to derive a clinical prediction model identifying those needing HCI with serial vital signs (VS) and serum biomarkers. The HW protocol included ICU admission followed by a 3-h observation period with VS monitoring every 15 min and hourly biomarkers. The primary outcome was the need for HCI (operative and endovascular interventions) within nine hours of ICU arrival. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, blood transfusions, and ICU and hospital length-of-stay. A clinical prediction model was developed by utilizing the variables most associated with HCI in a best subsets regression, which was subsequently internally validated using a Bootstrap algorithm. Results 305 patients were identified for inclusion and 18 (5.9%) required HCI (3 operative, 15 endovascular). The median age was 70 years (IQR 54, 83), 60% had traumatic injuries, and 73% were enrolled from the emergency department. Blood product transfusion and mortality were similar between the HCI and no-HCI groups. Our analysis demonstrated that a model based on the minimum hemoglobin (9.9 vs 8.1 g/dL), minimum diastolic (57 vs 53 mm Hg) and systolic blood pressures (105 vs 90 mm Hg), and minimum respiratory rate (15 vs 18) could predict HCI with an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.87, outperforming the Shock Index (SI) (AUROC = 0.64). Conclusions In this study of surgical ICU patients with concern for ongoing bleeding, a prediction model using serial VS and biomarkers outperformed the SI and may help identify those requiring HCI.
Time varying filter empirical mode decomposition and MobileNet-V3 algorithms for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing with efficient channel attention mechanism
Authors: Dong Wentao , Qiu Xiaopeng , Yao Daojin , He Zanhua 
Published: February 2025

Rolling bearings are the core components of rotating mechanical equipment, and it is more and more important to fault diagnosis for the operation state and safety of the mechanical equipment. Deep learning has been widely applied to fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, but it is limited with the high complexity of deep neural networks and the dependence on hardware resources. Time varying filter empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD) method based on Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer (SABO) optimization is applied to the subtle feature extraction of rolling bearings. Improved MobileNetV3-Large lightweight model based on Exponential Linear Units (ELU) activation function and Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is proposed to fault diagnosis. TVFEMD-MobileNet-V3 algorithm with lightweight property is built to subtle fault diagnosis and recognition of rolling bearings. It has been validated on the bearing dataset from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) with 99.28% accuracy and 3.57 M reference count. The anti-noise performance of TVFEMD-MobileNet-V3 has been verified, and the average accuracy is 93.83% when signal-to-noise ratio is 2 dB. TVFEMD-MobileNet-V3 algorithm has great potential to subtle feature recognition with limited sample sizes of the rolling bearing.
Performance of treatment response scoring systems among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy therapies
Authors: Marrodan Mariano , Sao Avilés Augusto , Río Jordi , Cobo-Calvo Álvaro , Fernández Victoria , Pappolla Agustin , Castilló Joaquín , Vidal-Jordana Ángela , Arrambide Georgina , Tur Carmen , Rodríguez-Acevedo Breogán , Zabalza Ana , Mongay-Ochoa Neus , Vilaseca Andreu , Rodriguez Marta , Galán Ingrid , Comabella Manuel , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Tintoré Mar , Auger Cristina , Rovira Àlex , Montalban Xavier , Midaglia Luciana 
Published: February 2025

Background: Predicting treatment response and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging. Treatment Response Scoring Systems (TRSS) are potentially useful, but their utility in patients receiving high-efficacy therapies and very high-efficacy therapies (HET/vHET) remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of TRSS in patients treated with HET/vHET. Methods: We retrospectively studied MS patients treated with HET/vHET in an MS specialized centre. TRSS, including the Rio Score, modified Rio Score and MAGNIMS score, were applied to assess response to treatment. We evaluated the predictive value of the TRSS on disease activity and disability progression. Results: TRSS effectively predicted disease activity and progression of disability in patients treated with HET/vHET. Patients with high TRSS scores at 12 months post-HET/vHET initiation had a significantly increased risk of relapses, new lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and progression of disability at 4 years. Discussion: Our findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment strategies in MS. TRSS are valuable tools for monitoring treatment response, guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing patient care.
Analysis of the causal relationship between five chosen factors and early-onset Alzheimer's disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lu Chunxin , Zhou Jiechao 
Published: February 2025

Background This study aims to explore the causal relationship between five selected factors— lysosome, migrasomes, macrophage, fibroblast, and endothelium cell—and early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) through related genes, providing clues for EOAD research. Methods Using genes related to the five selected factors as exposure variables and EOAD as the disease outcome, significant genes were screened through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, based on the OpenGWAS database. The selected genes were intersected with genes related to the exposure factors to assess the causal relationships between the five factors and EOAD. Results MR analysis identified 13 genes in total. Six of these genes were protective factors for EOAD, with LYST being the most significant (OR = 0.4259, 95% CI: 0.2218–0.8178, p = 0.0103). Seven genes were risk factors for EOAD, with NCF4 being the most significant (OR = 2.7207, 95% CI: 1.0229–7.2362, p = 0.0449). A total of 1925 genes related to lysosome, migrasomes, macrophage, fibroblast, and endothelium cell were analyzed. After intersection, 10 lysosome-related genes (NCF4, VIPAS39, LYST, SORT1, ARSB, EPDR1, SYNGR1, ANXA11, PYGB, CLN5) and 3 endothelium cell -related genes (ADM, NFIB, NKTR) were found to have significant causal relationships with EOAD. Conclusions There are genes related to lysosome and endothelium cell that have significant relationships with EOAD, while no causal relationships were found between migrasomes, macrophage, fibroblast, and EOAD. This study provides an important basis for further EOAD research.