bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of glycoprotein pMQ1 in breast cancer
Authors: Fon L J , Lioe T F , Mulligan K A , Johnston P G , McCormick D , Spence R A J 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Background
A novel glycoprotein, pMQ1, is positively correlated with increasing histological grade in malignant astrocytomas. Cerebral metastases from breast cancer have also been found to contain pMQ1-positive cells. This study aimed to determine the role of pMQ1 in primary breast cancer.

Methods
Breast cancer specimens were analysed for pMQ1 by immunohistochemistry. The expression of pMQ1 was correlated with conventional prognostic indicators. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed to compare clinical outcome between pMQ1-positive and pMQ1-negative tumours.

Results
pMQ1 was expressed in most of the breast cancer specimens. The surrounding normal tissue margins and benign breast tissues always lacked pMQ1 expression. A significant positive correlation was observed between pMQ1 expression and histological grade, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and Nottingham Prognostic Index. Cancers that were pMQ1 positive were significantly more likely to develop a local recurrence.

Conclusion
pMQ1 appears to be a tumour-associated protein. The positive correlation of pMQ1 with histological grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion and Nottingham Prognostic Index suggests that it confers an adverse prognosis.
Cerebral protection during open retrograde angioplasty/stenting of common carotid and innominate artery stenoses
Authors: Payne D A , Hayes P D , Bolia A , Fishwick G , Bell P R F , Naylor A R 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Background
This was a retrospective study of the effectiveness of open, retrograde angioplasty/stenting of supra-aortic arterial stenoses combined with transcranial Doppler-directed dextran therapy in preventing perioperative embolization.

Methods
Eight patients underwent angioplasty/stenting of the proximal common carotid (synchronous carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in six), while four underwent angioplasty/stenting of the innominate artery (synchronous CEA in one). Open exposure of the carotid bifurcation enabled temporary carotid clamping to protect the brain from procedural embolization. Dextran was administered to patients with a high rate of embolization on transcranial Doppler after the operation.

Results
No emboli were recorded in the cerebral circulation during the actual angioplasty procedure when the internal carotid artery was clamped. After operation three patients developed high-rate embolization and received dextran. No strokes or deaths occurred within 30 days of treatment. One patient developed symptoms and a recurrent stenosis greater than 50 per cent during follow-up and was treated by redo angioplasty.

Conclusion
Retrograde angioplasty/stenting with or without synchronous CEA offers an alternative approach to treating patients with supra-aortic inflow disease.
Differences in the fatty acid composition of KB‐cells and gingival keratinocytes is culture medium additive dependent
Authors: Pelz K , Hopfener K , Wiedmann‐Al‐Ahmad M , Jahnke H , Wittmer A , Otten J‐E 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe influence of culture medium additives foetal bovine serum (FBS), serum effective substitutes (SES) and human autologous serum on the fatty acid profile of KB‐cells and human gingival keratinocytes was examined. The KB‐cells were cultivated in RPMI medium added with FBS or SES and the gingival keratinocytes in D‐MEM added with FBS or human autologous serum. Two days before the cells were prepared for gas chromatography (GC), the media were changed to serum‐ and antibiotic‐free media. Whole fatty acids of the cells were analysed using GC and the fatty acid profiles were compared. KB‐cells as well as gingival keratinocytes changed their fatty acid composition, according to the medium additive used. Significant differences were observed. In the case of KB‐cells cultivated with SES the fatty acid changes suggest an increase of the membrane fluidity. Corresponding and significant differences were observed with gingival keratinocytes cultivated in medium added with human autologous serum: the membrane fluidity of the gingival keratinocytes was increased. It is supposed that an increased membrane fluidity caused by a different fatty acid spectrum of the host cell may relate to mechanisms of bacterial adhesion. Consequentely, in vitro studies on invasion and adhesion of bacteria or virus are dependent on the medium used. Further analyses are necessary of the functional effects caused by differences in the content of specific FAs, especially with regard to the application of cultivated cells in the field of tissue engineering. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of rosuvastatin in rat plasma by HPLC: validation and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Kumar Thammera Ranjith , Shitut Nikhil R. , Kumar Pasikanti Kishore , Vinu Menon C.A. , Kumar Venkata V. Pavan , Mullangi Ramesh , Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA specific, accurate, precise and reproducible high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of rosuvastatin (RST), a novel, synthetic and potent HMG‐CoA inhibitor in rat plasma. The assay procedure involved simple liquid–liquid extraction of RST and internal standard (IS, ketoprofen) from a small plasma volume directly into acetonitrile. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under a gentle stream of nitrogen at 40°C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected onto a Kromasil KR 100‐5C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). Mobile phase consisting of 0.05 m formic acid and acetonitrile (55:45, v/v) was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min for the effective separation of RST and IS. The detection of the analyte peak was achieved by monitoring the eluate using a UV detector set at 240 nm. The ratio of peak area of analyte to IS was used for quantification of plasma samples. Nominal retention times of RST and IS were 8.6 and 12.5 min, respectively. The standard curve for RST was linear (r2 > 0.999) in the concentration range 0.02–10 µg/mL. Absolute recoveries of RST and IS were 85–110 and >100%, respectively, from rat plasma. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of RST was 0.02 µg/mL. The inter‐ and intra‐day precisions in the measurement of quality control (QC) samples, 0.02, 0.06, 1.6 and 8.0 µg/mL, were in the range 7.24–12.43% relative standard deviation (RSD) and 2.28–10.23% RSD, respectively. Accuracy in the measurement of QC samples was in the range 93.05–112.17% of the spiked nominal values. Both analyte and IS were stable in the battery of stability studies, viz. benchtop, autosampler and freeze–thaw cycles. RST was found to be stable for a period of 30 days on storage at −80°C. The application of the assay to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition after a single oral dose to rats is described. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of granisetron in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S. , Kandikere Vishwottam N. , Shukla Manoj , Mudigonda Koteshwara , Maurya Santosh , Boosi Ravikumar 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the assay of granisetron in human plasma. Following liquid–liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed‐phase C18 column and analyzed by MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 313/138 for granisetron and m/z 409/228 for the IS. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.1–20 ng/mL for granisetron in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 100 pg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.0 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a rapid reversed‐phase HPLC method for the determination of insulin from nanoparticulate systems
Authors: Sarmento Bruno , Ribeiro António , Veiga Francisco , Ferreira Domingos 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of insulin in nanoparticulate dosage forms. Its application for the development and characterization of insulin‐loaded nanoparticulates composed of polyelectrolytes has also been carried out. A reversed‐phase (RP) C18 column and gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (ACN) and 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used. Protein identification was made by UV detection at 214 nm. The gradient changed from 30:70 (ACN:TFA, v/v) to 40:60 (v/v) in 5 min followed by isocratic elution at 40:60 (v/v) for a further five minutes. The method was linear in the range of 1–100 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9996), specific with a good inter‐day and intra‐day precision based on relative standard deviation values (less than 3.80%). The recovery was between 98.86 and 100.88% and the detection and quantitation limits were 0.24 and 0.72 µg/mL, respectively. The method was further tested for the determination of the association efficiency of insulin to nanoparticulate carriers composed of alginate and chitosan, as well as its loading capacity for this protein. Encapsulant release under simulated gastrointestinal fluids was evaluated. The method can be used for development and characterization of insulin‐loaded nanoparticles made from cross‐linked chitosan‐alginate. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination, purity assessment and chiral separation of levodopa methyl ester in bulk and formulation pharmaceuticals
Authors: Wang Jie , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA sensitive, reliable and reproducible HPLC method with electrochemical detection (HPLC‐ECD) has been developed for the separation and quantification of levodopa methyl ester (LDME) and its impurities such as levodopa (l‐DOPA), 3‐methoxytyrosine (MTS) and l‐tyrosine (TS) in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was performed on an LC18 column by isocratic elution with methanol–acetonitrile–50 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate (8:2:90, v/v/v) containing 5 mm sodium 1‐hexanesulfonate, 5 mm EDTA and 5 mm sodium chloride, adjusted with phosphoric acid to a pH of 3.2 as mobile phase. The correlation coefficients of linear regression for LDME, l‐DOPA, MTS and TS were more than 0.999. The detection limits for l‐DOPA, MTS and TS were 3.15, 2.04 and 2.88 ng/mL, respectively. The precision was checked in terms of F‐test variance ratio using potentiometric titration as reference. The separation of dopa methyl ester enantiomers by chiral chromatography is also described. This method is capable of separating the two enantiomers with a selection of 1.4 and a resolution of 8.4. Both methods were found to be stable and useful in the quality control of the bulk material and formulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An automated blood sampling system to measure lovastatin level in plasma and faeces
Authors: Wang Shau‐Chun , Ho Li‐Kai , Yen Jiin‐Cherng , Tsai Tung‐Hu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an automated sampling method to measure lovastatin in a conscious and freely moving rat. The blood samples were collected by means of the automated blood sampling system DR‐II and the faecal samples were collected using a metabolic cage. The concentration of lovastatin was determined by a reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic system with a UV absorbance detector. The mobile phase contained acetonitrile and 10 mm NaH2PO4 in the proportions 60:40 (v/v) with a flow‐rate of 1 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear in concentration ranges of 0.05–100 and 0.1–100 µg/mL for lovastatin in blood and faecal samples, respectively. Following pharmacokinetic analysis, we identified that the maximum plasma concentration was around 1.18 ± 0.08 µg/mL at concentration peak time 120 min and almost 78% of loading dose was accumulated in the faeces within 48 h after lovastatin administration (500 mg/kg, p.o.). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of hypnosis in the treatment of driving phobia
Authors: Hill Robert , Bannon‐Ryder Glynn 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe client was a 37‐year‐old married woman with two young daughters working as a community psychiatric nurse who requested assistance with driving difficulties following a number of accidents, and maintained by avoidance behaviour. Assessment indicated that she was currently avoiding driving on any unfamiliar routes and avoiding motorway travel altogether. This avoidance was affecting her professional and personal life and she was keen to see whether the use of hypnotic procedures in conjunction with a behavioural driving programme could help her. Four sessions were undertaken and, although she retained some anxiety, sufficient progress was established for her to make a long distance trip that she has been avoiding for a number of years. Reviewing progress a year later, she reported that residual anxiety had diminished and that progress had continued. Copyright © 2005 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Continua of Interactions between Pairs of Atoms in Molecular Crystals
Authors: Dominiak Paulina M. , Makal Anna , Mallinson Paul R. , Trzcinska Kinga , Eilmes Julita , Grech Eugeniusz , Chruszcz Maksymilian , Minor Władek , Woźniak Krzysztof 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe electron density distributions in crystals of five previously studied DMAN complexes and five Schiff bases (two new ones) have been analysed in terms of various properties of bond critical points (BCPs) found in the pair‐wise interactions in their lattices. We analysed the continua of interactions including covalent/ionic bonds as well as hydrogen bonds and all other types of weak interactions for all pairs of interacting atoms. The charge density at BCPs and local kinetic and potential energy densities vary exponentially with internuclear distance (or other measures of separation). The parameters of the dependences appear to be characteristics of particular pairs of atom types. The Laplacian and the total (sum of kinetic and potential) energy density at BCPs show similar behaviour with the dependence being of the Morse type. The componentsλ1,λ2,λ3of the Laplacian at BCPs vary systematically with internuclear distance according to the type of atom pair. Forλ1andλ2the distribution is of the exponential type, whereasλ3does not seem to follow any simple functional form, consistent with previous theoretical findings. Analytical nonlinear dependences of Laplacian on charge density have been found. They agree reasonably well with those obtained by least square fit of the Laplacian to charge density data. There are four distinct regions of the ∇2ρBCP/ρBCPspace, generated byEBCP=0 andGBCP/ρBCP=1 conditions. Two regions clearly correspond to the shared‐shell and closed‐shell interactions and the other two to some intermediate situation.
Co/CNF Catalysts Tailored by Controlling the Deposition of Metal Colloids onto CNFs: Preparation and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Qiu Jieshan , Zhang Hongzhe , Liang Changhai , Li Jiawei , Zhao Zongbin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCarbon nanofiber‐supported Co nanocomposites were prepared by means of a modified ethylene glycol (EG) process, in which the Co salts are reduced in EG and are subsequently deposited onto carbon nanofibers (CNFs). It has been found that the deposition of cobalt colloids onto CNFs can be tailored by simply adjusting the pH of the EG and by heating the mixture of CNFs and colloidal solution at 100 °C for some time. The pH value (<7) and the temperature (at least 100 °C) for heating the mixture of CNFs and colloidal solution are found to be the key factors for depositing Co particles onto CNFs. The obtained Co/CNFs have a high and homogeneous dispersion of spherical Co metal particles with a narrow size distribution of 10–15 nm with a peak around 13.5 nm; this result is consistent, to a certain degree, with the value of 12.8 nm obtained from the XRD study. The different states of the stabilizer including carboxylates (pH>7) and carboxylic acids (pH<7) as well as the decomposition of carboxylic acids during heat treatment were monitored by using FTIR and UV‐visible spectroscopy. On the basis of experimental results, the mechanism of depositing cobalt colloids onto CNFs is also addressed. The as‐synthesized Co/CNF catalysts show excellent activity and regioselectivity for the 1‐octene hydroformylation.
Biomolecule‐Assisted Synthesis and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage of Porous Spongelike Ni3S2 Nanostructures Grown Directly on Nickel Foils
Authors: Zhang Bin , Ye Xingchen , Dai Wei , Hou Weiyi , Xie Yi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNanothread‐based porous spongelike Ni3S2 nanostructures were synthesized directly on Ni foil by using a simple biomolecule‐assisted method. By varying the experimental parameters, other novel Ni3S2 nanostructures could also be fabricated on the nickel substrate. The electrochemical hydrogen‐storage behavior of these novel porous Ni3S2 nanostructures was investigated as an example of the potential properties of such porous materials. The thread‐based porous spongelike Ni3S2 could electrochemically charge and discharge with the high capacity of 380 mAh g−1 (corresponding to 1.4 wt % hydrogen in single‐walled nanotubes (SWNT)). A novel two‐charging‐plateaux phenomenon was observed in the synthesized porous spongelike Ni3S2 nanostructures, suggesting two independent steps in the charging process. We have demonstrated that the morphology of the synthesized Ni3S2 nanostructures had a noticeable influence on their electrochemical hydrogen‐storage capacity. This is probably due to the size and density of the pores as well as the microcosmic morphology of different nickel sulfide nanostructures. These novel porous Ni3S2 nanostructures should find wide applications in hydrogen storage, high‐energy batteries, luminescence, and catalytic fields. This facile, environmentally benign, and solution‐phase biomolecule‐assisted method can be potentially extended to the preparation of other metal sulfide nanostructures on metal substrates, such as Cu, Fe, Sn, and Pb foils.
Phototransformation of Stilbene in van der Waals Nanocapsules
Authors: Ananchenko Gennady S. , Udachin Konstantin A. , Ripmeester John A. , Perrier Thomas , Coleman Anthony W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have utilized para‐hexanoylcalix[4]arene nanocapsules as hosts to carry out phototransformations of cis‐ and trans‐stilbene. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies were performed to define precisely the location of encapsulated stilbenes inside the capsule and to analyze possible pathways of phototransformation. cis‐Stilbene stacks as a π–π dimer located at the center of the capsule, whereas trans‐stilbene does not form such a dimer. Irradiation of the crystalline inclusion complexes of each isomer of stilbene in the solid state leads to the appearance of the second isomer, and after prolonged photolysis, photodimerization also occurs. syn‐Tetraphenylcyclobutane is formed as the major product of dimerization and its yield depends on the time and intensity of irradiation. In most cases, the single crystals of the complexes remain intact during irradiation; hence, the nanocapsules have the potential to serve as robust nanoreactors in the solid state. The confinement in the nanocapsules is sufficient to keep the reacting molecules together, although this is less restrictive than for trans‐stilbene crystals, in which the molecules cannot achieve a favorable orientation for dimerization.
Tunable Fluorene‐Based Dynamers through Constitutional Dynamic Chemistry
Authors: Giuseppone Nicolas , Fuks Gad , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDynamic covalent iminofluorene‐based oligomers and polymers have been generated. They undergo constitutional recomposition under the effect of two parameters, acidity and ZnII metal ions. As a result, marked changes in physical properties take place. The results illustrate the response of such a dynamic system to chemical effectors (H+ and ZnII), thus demonstrating the adaptive behavior of the system under the pressure of external factors. They also point to the possibility of modulating optical properties (UV‐visible absorption and fluorescence) by constitutional recomposition in response to a specific trigger. Such features allow the development of dynamic materials, the functional properties of which may respond to external stimuli.
Chemistry of Anthracene–Acetylene Oligomers: Synthesis and Enantiomeric Resolution of a Chiral 1,8‐Anthrylene–Ethynylene Cyclic Tetramer
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Suzuki Shinya , Goichi Michio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo construct a new type of chiral π‐conjugated system, the title anthracene–acetylene oligomer containing two octyl groups at position 10 of 1,2‐alternating anthracene groups was synthesized. Each anthracene unit was connected by Sonogashira coupling, and the tetrameric precursor was cyclized by a cross‐coupling reaction to form the desired C2‐symmetric compound. Its enantiomers were resolved by chiral HPLC with a Chiralcel OD column, and the chiroptical properties were investigated by optical rotation ([α]${{{23\hfill \atop {\rm D}\hfill}}}$=−95 and +91) and circular dichroism (CD) measurements. The structural and spectroscopic features of this oligomer were discussed in terms of the molecular symmetry and the dynamic behavior of the macrocyclic framework.
Total Synthesis and NMR Investigations of Cylindramide
Authors: Cramer Nicolai , Buchweitz Maria , Laschat Sabine , Frey Wolfgang , Baro Angelika , Mathieu Daniel , Richter Christian , Schwalbe Harald 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCylindramide (1) was built up from three components: a hydroxyornithine derivative 7, a tetrazolylsulfone 8, and a substituted pentalene subunit 9. Derivative 7 was prepared in a six‐step reaction sequence involving the Wittig reaction and a Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation starting from N‐Boc‐3‐aminopropanal (12). Tetrazolylsulfone 8 was accessible in four steps from dioxinone 22. The synthesis of the pentalene fragment 9 started from cycloocta‐1,5‐diene 26, that was converted into enantiopure bicyclo[3.3.0]octanedione 29. The latter was functionalized to give derivative 9. The total synthesis was accomplished by inducing CC bond formation by Sonogashira coupling of derivatives 9 and 7 followed by olefination with tetrazolylsulfone 8 under Julia–Kocienski conditions, macrocyclization, and subsequent Lacey–Dieckmann condensation to form the tetramic acid unit. As indicated by extensive 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic investigations (DQF‐COSY, ROESY spectra), the stereochemistry of synthetic cylindramide (1) corresponds with that of the naturally occurring product. ROE data were used for molecular modeling of the lowest‐energy structures for cylindramide.