bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 axis via [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 with CXCR4 antagonist in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Bao Guangfa , Wang Ziqiang , Liu Luoxia , Zhang Buchuan , Song Shuang , Wang Dongdong , Cheng Siyuan , Moon Eu-Song , Roesch Frank , Zhao Jun , Yu Bo , Zhu Xiaohua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Radiopharmaceutical therapies targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP) have shown promising efficacy against many tumor types. But radiopharmaceuticals alone in most cases are insufficient to completely eradicate tumor cells, which can partially be attributed to the protective interplay between tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4/C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCR4/CXCL12) interaction plays an important role in orchestrating tumor cells and CAFs. We hereby investigated the feasibility and efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, a FAP-targeting radiopharmaceutical, in combination with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, in a preclinical murine model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods
Public database was first interrogated to reveal the correlation between CAFs’ scores and the prognosis of TNBC patients, as well as the expression levels of FAP and CXCR4 in normal tissues and tumors. In vitro therapeutic efficacy regarding cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation was assessed in BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and 4T1 murine breast cancer cells. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was longitudinally monitored using serial 18F-FDG, [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04, and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Pentixafor PET/CT scans and validated using tumor sections through immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67, α-SMA, CXCR4, and CXCL12. Intratumoral abundance of myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs) was analyzed using flow cytometry in accordance with the PET/CT schedules. Treatment toxicity was evaluated by examining major organs including heart, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen.

Results
CAFs’ scores negatively correlated with the survival of TNBC patients (p < 0.05). The expression of CXCR4 and FAP was both significantly higher in tumors than in normal tissues. The combination of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 and AMD3100 significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation in cell culture, and exhibited synergistic effects in 4T1 tumor models along with a decreased number of MDSCs. PET/CT imaging revealed lowest tumor accumulation of 18F-FDG and [18F]AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 on day 13 and day 14 after treatment started, both of which gradually increased at later time points. A similar trend was observed in the IHC staining of Ki-67, α-SMA, and CXCL12.

Conclusion
The combination of [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 and AMD3100 is a feasible treatment against TNBC with minimal toxicity in main organs.
(F)utility of preoperative pulmonary function testing in pectus excavatum to assess severity
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel C. , Berazaluce Alejandra M. Casar , Jenkins Todd M. , Hardie William D. , Foster Karla E. , Moore Ryan A. , Powell Adam W. , Garcia Victor F. , Brown Rebeccah L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The utility of pulmonary function testing (PFT) in pectus excavatum (PE) has been subject to debate. Although some evidence shows improvement from preoperative to postoperative values, the clinical significance is uncertain. A high failure-to-completion rate for operative PFT (48%) was identified in our large institutional cohort. With such a high non-completion rate, we questioned the overall utility of PFT in the preoperative assessment of PE and sought to evaluate if other measures of PE severity or cardiopulmonary function could explain this finding.

Methods
Demographics, clinical findings, and results from cardiac MRI, PFT (spirometry and plethysmography), and cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPET) were reviewed in 270 patients with PE evaluated preoperatively between 2015 and 2018. Regression modeling was used to measure associations between PFT completion and cardiopulmonary function.

Results
There were no differences in demographics, symptoms, connective tissue disorders, or multiple indices of pectus severity and cardiac deformation in PFT completers versus non-completers. While regression analysis revealed higher RVEF, LVEF, and LVEF-Z scores, lower RV-ESV/BSA, LV-ESV/BSA, and LV-ESV/BSA-Z scores, and abnormal breathing reserve in PFT completers vs. non-completers, these findings were not consistent across continuous and binary analyses.

Conclusions
We found that PFT completers were not significantly different from non-completers in most structural and functional measures of pectus deformity and cardiopulmonary function. Inability to complete PFT is not an indicator of pectus severity.
The effects of temperature on plasticity, shape symmetry and seasonal variation in the freshwater benthic green microalga Micrasterias thomasiana
Authors: Neustupa Jiri , Woodard Katerina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDesmids are usually abundant in shallow peatland pools. In these localities, water temperature is closely linked to seasonal fluctuations in air temperature, so with increasing temperature extremes in temperate ecosystems, these microalgae are exposed to conditions of high-temperature stress. We investigated whether the shape, size, and growth rates of Micrasterias thomasiana, a frequently occurring species, are associated with varying temperatures in cultures and natural populations. The research was based on parallel analysis of clonal populations in temperature levels from 13 to 33 °C as well as cells from natural populations collected during the season. The effects of high temperature on morphological plasticity and fluctuating asymmetry in the shape of cellular parts were investigated by the landmark-based geometric morphometrics. The results showed that variation among individuals and fluctuating asymmetry between the lateral lobes of Micrasterias cells increased at 29 °C and in natural samples taken in July and October. In parallel, the size of semicells growing at temperatures above 25 °C decreased compared to those grown at lower temperatures. However, the temperature effects on shape and size were not directly related to the growth rates. The overall bilateral asymmetry between semicell halves did not change in relation to varying temperatures. In general, the results showed that morphological variation in natural populations of M. thomasiana reflected seasonal cycles and corresponded to plasticity associated with temperature changes in clonal cultures. It might therefore be possible to use these phenotypic markers as indicators of thermal stress in natural populations inhabiting shallow pools in peatlands.
Identification and quantification of phosphate turnover indicators after long-term compost application – long-term and single season effects
Authors: Wanke Daniel J. , Nkebiwe Peteh Mehdi , Günther Johannes , Reusser Jolanda E. , Hartmann Tobias Edward , Yang Huaiyu , Zhang Wei , Chen Xinping , Müller Torsten 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Soil organic phosphorus (Porg) is of interest for plant nutrition because it can comprise between 20 and 80% of total soil phosphate (P). This study aims to examine the effect of compost application on soil phosphatases and microbial biomass, which influence the P turnover and, furthermore, to examine the speciation of Porg.

Methods
Soil from a long-term field experiment (since 1997) which compares compost application with inorganic fertilization was analyzed for calcium-acetate-lactate extractable P (CAL-P), Olsen-P, acid (Acid-Pase) and alkaline (Alk-Pase) phosphatase activity and microbial biomass P. Porg speciation was additionally analyzed with liquid-state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR).

Results
We found a significant increasing long-term effect of high compost application (equivalent to 400 kg ha−1 N (400)) on Acid-Pase (45%) and Alk-Pase (58%). After compost application, Acid-Pase increased by 41% in treatment 400 (3 days after compost application (DAA)). The 31P-NMR analysis showed a significant increase of inorganic orthophosphate (55%) after high compost application. Furthermore, the total phosphomonoester region was significantly decreased in the treatment 400 (8%).

Conclusions
We demonstrated that long-term compost application increases phosphatase activity which plays a key role in the mineralization of soil Porg. In particular, the decrease of the concentration of Porg species in the phosphomonoester region in the treatment 400 with high compost application highlights that an increased turnover affects this soil P pool and may provide P to plants. This knowledge provides a better understanding of how the P cycle responds to long-term compost fertilization.
Regulatory Reviews: Revolutionary Re-imagining of Charity Law or Simply Restatements of Convenience?
Authors: Breen Oonagh B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines a decade of charity law review processes in six jurisdictions—Australia, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales and Ireland. Using a life-cycle basis viewed through a functional comparative lens, it examines review terms of reference, stakeholder involvement in public consultations, report recommendations and governmental responses. The article compares post-review recommendation implementation across government-owned and independent review processes. In identifying areas most open to and most difficult to reform (including charity definition and advocacy) and probing the hidden state/non-profit sector tensions that underlie such reform attempts, this article provides new insights for future review processes.
Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)
Authors: McClory Ryan , Ellis Richard H. , Lukac Martin , Clark Jo , Mayoral Carolina , Hart Kris M. , Plackett Andrew R. G. , MacKenzie A. Rob 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcorn production in oak (Quercus spp.) shows considerable inter-annual variation, known as masting, which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each year. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the ‘fertilisation effect’ that leads to enhanced photosynthesis. To examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO2, the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment (FACE) experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Inter-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021, with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015, 2017 and 2020 but almost none in 2018. The numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, immature acorns, empty acorn cups, and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years; comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018, suggesting Q. robur at this site is a fruit maturation masting species (i.e., the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly). Raising the atmospheric CO2 concentration by 150 μL L−1, from early 2017, increased the numbers of immature acorns, and all acorn evidence (empty cups + immature acorns + mature acorns) detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021, but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers, enlarged cups, empty cups, or mature acorns. The number of flowers in the elevated CO2 plots’ litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017, one year after CO2 enrichment began, whereas numbers declined in ambient plots. Enrichment with CO2 also increased the number of oak knopper galls (Andricus quercuscalicis Burgsdorf). We conclude that elevated CO2 increased the occurrence of acorns developing from flowers, but the putative benefit to mature acorn numbers may have been hidden by excessive pre- and/or post-dispersal predation. There was no evidence that elevated CO2 altered masting behaviour.
Multiplicities and Contingency: Rethinking ‘Popular Buddhism’, Religious Practices and Ontologies in Thailand
Authors: Taylor Jim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper reconsiders explanations of ‘popular’ Buddhism in Thailand initiated in mid-twentieth century anthropological definitions of vernacular articulations of religiosity in village settings. Buddhist localism, in its various manifestations, is seen to contrast with a doctrinal or literate ‘great’ monastic tradition. In this persisting ethnographic argument, an actor may draw randomly on various syncretic elements of their religiosity according to circumstances (an historical complexity which is sourced in a mix of Sinhalese-sourced Buddhism, animism including magic, and folk Brahmanism). It is therefore not wholly or consistentlyone, but substantively divided into several strands. This long-standing position is problematic as the paper shows. There are multiple coextensive Buddhism/s (plural) within the Greater Theravada tradition, which emerge from an identification of the actors themselves with the one, not the many, as one-unitary-Buddhists. I theorise using a general framework of Meillassoux’s discussion on contingency and, by way of contrast, taking Deleuzian ideas on multiplicity. It is grounded on an understanding of popular or organic lived religion sourced in the early counter-enlightenment or radical enlightenment thinking of Giambattista Vico. Here, it is argued that in Thailand villagers would identify cosmologically as the one, not as the many (in a sense as in the assemblages or varieties of religious practices detached from the totality of the cosmological unitary one). Understanding the creative processes behind cosmological multiplicities is a starting point, with the notion that within specific cultural forms we are faced with a multiplicity of definitions and things to observe, as in an understanding of the varieties of lived Buddhism. The essay is based on an ethnographic assessment from over three decades of field research among ethnic Thai Buddhists at various modalities and settings, and in framing these vernacular religious practices and their ontologies. My gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. The essay does not deal directly with specific ethnographic case studies; instead, it is intended as retheorising representations of ‘Popular Buddhism’ in Thailand as based on early scholarship since the 1960s (where Buddhism is constituted as three or more distinctive but intertwined religious strands).
Integrating Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Financial Risk Forecasting in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Cui Yuanfei , Yao Fengtong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In today’s dynamic business landscape, the integration of supply chain management and financial risk forecasting is imperative for sustained success. This research paper introduces a groundbreaking approach that seamlessly merges deep autoencoder (DAE) models with reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to enhance financial risk forecasting within the realm of supply chain management. The primary objective of this research is to optimize financial decision-making processes by extracting key feature representations from financial data and leveraging RL for decision optimization. To achieve this, the paper presents the PSO-SDAE model, a novel and sophisticated approach to financial risk forecasting. By incorporating advanced noise reduction features and optimization algorithms, the PSO-SDAE model significantly enhances the accuracy and reliability of financial risk predictions. Notably, the PSO-SDAE model goes beyond traditional forecasting methods by addressing the need for real-time decision-making in the rapidly evolving landscape of financial risk management. This is achieved through the utilization of a distributed RL algorithm, which expedites the processing of supply chain data while maintaining both efficiency and accuracy. The results of our study showcase the exceptional precision of the PSO-SDAE model in predicting financial risks, underscoring its efficacy for proactive risk management within supply chain operations. Moreover, the augmented processing speed of the model enables real-time analysis and decision-making — a critical capability in today’s fast-paced business environment.
Effects of sugary drinks, coffee, tea and fruit juice on incidence rate, mortality and cardiovascular complications of type2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ding Ping , Yue Wei , Wang Xu , Zhang Yuqing , Liu Yuxiang , Guo Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims
Despite more and more studies indicate that beverages play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), the efficacy of intaking different beverages for T2DM has not been clearly stated in one article. The meta-analysis was performed, which aims to assess the effects of beverages on mortality and cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes and the incidence of T2DM.

Method
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were search up to March, 2023 to identify relevant studies, including studies researching beverage consumption, the incidence and mortality of T2DM and incidence of cardiovascular disease, a kind of complication of T2DM. The way to explore the source of heterogeneity is performing subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Funnel plots and Egger’s regression test were performed to assess publication bias. The Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to analysis the results. Fifteen observational studies were included in our meta-analysis.

Results
Fifteen eligible articles were included sugar-sweetened beverages(SSB) consumption increased the mortality and incidence of T2DM ( Hazard ratio (HR), 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.38; P = 0.01 and HR, 1.15; 95% CI,1.06–1.24; P = 0.001), respectively. Artificially-sweetened beverages (ASB) consumption was not associated with the mortality and incidence of T2DM (HR,0.96;95%CI, 0.86–1.07; P = 0.464 and HR, 1.15; 95% CI,1.05–1.26; P = 0.003), respectively. Fruit juice consumption increased the incidence of T2DM (HR,1.08;95%CI,1.02–1.14, P = 0.296).
Tea or coffee consumption can reduce the incidence of T2DM (HR, 0.89; 95%CI,0.81–0.98; P = 0.016). Tea or coffee consumption was associated with a lower risk of mortality of T2DM (HR,0.84; 95% Cl, 0.75–0.94; P = 0.002 and HR,0.75; 95% CI, 0.65–0.87; P < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, beverage consumption was not associated with cardiovascular disease in T2DM patients (HR,1.03; 95% Cl, 0.82–1.30, P > 0.05).

Conclusions
High consumption of SSBs led to a higher risk and mortality of T2DM, while high consumption of coffee or tea showed significant associations with a lower risk of the incidence and mortality of T2DM.
Hollow Metal–Organic Framework/MXene/Nanocellulose Composite Films for Giga/Terahertz Electromagnetic Shielding and Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Mai Tian , Chen Lei , Wang Pei-Lin , Liu Qi , Ma Ming-Guo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the continuous advancement of communication technology, the escalating demand for electromagnetic shielding interference (EMI) materials with multifunctional and wideband EMI performance has become urgent. Controlling the electrical and magnetic components and designing the EMI material structure have attracted extensive interest, but remain a huge challenge. Herein, we reported the alternating electromagnetic structure composite films composed of hollow metal–organic frameworks/layered MXene/nanocellulose (HMN) by alternating vacuum-assisted filtration process. The HMN composite films exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness performance in the GHz frequency (66.8 dB at Ka-band) and THz frequency (114.6 dB at 0.1–4.0 THz). Besides, the HMN composite films also exhibit a high reflection loss of 39.7 dB at 0.7 THz with an effective absorption bandwidth up to 2.1 THz. Moreover, HMN composite films show remarkable photothermal conversion performance, which can reach 104.6 °C under 2.0 Sun and 235.4 °C under 0.8 W cm−2, respectively. The unique micro- and macro-structural design structures will absorb more incident electromagnetic waves via interfacial polarization/multiple scattering and produce more heat energy via the local surface plasmon resonance effect. These features make the HMN composite film a promising candidate for advanced EMI devices for future 6G communication and the protection of electronic equipment in cold environments.
Arsenic in the Tibetan Plateau’s geothermal systems: a detailed analysis of forms, sources, and geochemical behaviors
Authors: Shi Shengchao , Feng Qingda , Zhang Huaisheng , Zhao Wenqiang , Zhou Jun , Zhu Guilin , Niu Zhaoxuan , Zhang Shengsheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn high-altitude tectonic regions, significant geothermal activity influences groundwater arsenic levels, presenting crucial resource and environmental challenges. The present study examines the Gonghe-Guide Basin located in the northeastern region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study employs a comprehensive approach encompassing field sampling, hydrochemical analysis, thermodynamic modeling, and statistical analysis to ascertain the composition and origins of arsenic in geothermal groundwater. The research data indicates that the geothermal groundwater in the area displays weak alkalinity and medium to high mineralization, with the principal hydrochemical types being SO4−Cl·Na and Cl·Na. The concentration of arsenic has a notable inverse relationship with Cl− and a positive correlation with water temperature and DO. According to thermodynamic calculations, the most common kind of arsenic is As5+. The hydrochemical properties of the research area are shaped by rock weathering, evaporative concentration, and ion-exchange adsorption working together. These factors contribute to the favorable circumstances for the formation and migration of arsenic throughout the environment. Notably, the ion-exchange between sodium ions and calcium and magnesium ions significantly impacts the arsenic concentration. This study marks the first discovery of a unique arsenic contamination pattern in geothermal groundwater within the Gonghe-Guide Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, revealing a positive correlation between arsenic levels, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen content. This provides a new perspective on understanding arsenic pollution in geothermal groundwater in high-altitude regions.