bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin III progressive function: A biochemical analysis
Authors: Gomperts Edward D. , Izadi Parvin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntithrombin III (AT III) was isolated by two procedures using polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG) precipitation as the first stage. The PEG supernatant (PEG‐sup) was applied to a heparin‐affinity chromatographic system and AT III‐heparin cofactor (AT III‐HCF) was isolated. The PEG precipitate (PEG‐ppt) was separated by a Sephacryl S‐200 column. Fractions were collected and those demonstrating maximum AT III antigen and progressive thrombin inhibition were pooled and reapplied to the washed Sephacryl S‐200 column. Fractions were again collected and assayed via specific antisera for AT III, α1‐antitrypsin (α1AT), α2‐macroglobulin (α2M), and α1‐acid glycoprotein (α1AG). AT III antigen (AT III AGN) and progressive function were confined primarily to one peak containing virtually no α2‐M, a low level of α1AT, and moderate quantities of α1AG. The PEG‐sup, PEG‐ppt, AT III‐HCF, and the fraction obtained after two passes across Sephacryl S‐200 (S#2) were similar in that they showed reactivity with specific AT III antisera and demonstrated heparin cofactor activity. They differed, however, in that the PEG‐sup and AT III‐HCF demonstrated considerably reduced progressive antithrombin function assesed over 30 min. This function was present in the PEG‐ppt and S#2 fractions and this progressive activity was potentiated by EDTA. AT III two‐dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (2‐DIE) in the presence of heparin of both the Sephacryl and heparin‐affinity purified components were very different, with the Sephacryl‐purified AT III AGN showing both a fast peak and a very prominent slow‐moving hump. The AT III heparin affinity fraction showed primarily a fast component. Dilution of the S#2 and PEG‐ppt fractions resulted in considerable loss of the progressive activity and also the slow‐moving component on 2‐DIE. On the basis of these observations, it is postulated that AT III purified by PEG precipitation is in an aggregated from and that aggregate formation and dissolution is associated with AT III progressive activity.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: End‐result analysis of treatment and prognostic factors in Indian patients
Authors: Advani S. H. , Rao D. N. , Gopal R. , Nair C. N. , Battacharya M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAcute Lymphatic Leukemia (ALL) patients seen during the period 1974–1978 at the Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, are analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical features at presentation, results of sequential therapy, and prognostic factors. A total of 301 patients were registered during the study period. There were 153 evaluable patients. Of these 73 patients received induction therapy with vincristine and prednisolone (VP) followed by cranial prophylaxis (cranial radiotherapy, 2,400 rads, and 10 weekly intrathecal injections of methotrexate 7.5 mg/m2) and continuous oral maintenance with daily 6‐mecrapatopurine and weekly methrotrexte (group A). Another 39 patients (group B) received pulse therapy with vincristine and prednisolone during maintenance therapy. Finally 41 patients (group C) received L‐asparaginase during induction and pulse therapy in addition to drugs as in group A. Of the 153 patients, 88 (58%) achieved complete response after induction treatment.Induction remission was 53% with vincristine and prednisolone (group A and group B), whereas it was 70% in group C. The difference in complete response rate in group C was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 3‐year survival in our series was 22%, with median survival of 11 months. Group C patients receiving L‐asparaginase along with vincristine and prednisolone showed 41% 3‐year survival compared to 16% for group B. The 3‐year survival in group A patients was only 7%, probably owing to lack of pulse therapy during maintenance treatment. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, WBC count, and mediastinal node were compared for induction remission and total survival. Possible factors relating to poor results in our series as compared to developed countries are discussed.
Diminished adherence of sickle erythrocytes to cultured vascular endothelium by piracetam
Authors: Nalbandian Robert M. , Henry Raymond L. , Burek C. Lynne , Diglio Clement A. , Goldman Arnold I. , Taylor Gregory W. , Hoffman William H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractErythrocytes from both normal and sickle cell donors were incubated on a bed of cultured rat vascular endothelial cells. Although the adherence of the erythrocytes to the endothelial cells was equivalent for both classes of donor, addition of 1.5 mM piracetam significantly decreased this adherence regardless of donor.
A rapid in vitro drug‐sensitivity assay in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Theodorakis Michael E. , Goldberg Jack 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukemic myeloid, myelomonocytic, and monocytic cells will incorporate radiolabeled sulfate into newly synthesized macromolecules. We developed a liquid culture technique to examine the in vitro effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the incorporation of radiolabeled sulfate into cells of patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Cells recovered from bone marrow or peripheral blood of 25 patients with ANLL were incubated in vitro for one hour with saline (control) or a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. Cells were washed free of the drug and grown in liquid cultures containing nutrient medium and 35SO4. The percent of 35SO4 incorporated into the drug treated as compared with control cells was determined after one, three, and seven days of culture. Patients whose drug‐treated cells incorporated less than 30% of 35SO4 when compared with the control after three or seven days of culture achieved a complete response to these agents in vivo (P < .05). Thus, the in vitro effects of various chemotherapeutic agents on the incorporation of 35SO4 into cells obtained from patients with ANLL may help predict clinical response to these agents in vivo.
Opsonized‐zymosan induces a respiratory burst in human blood platelets
Authors: Principe D. Del , Menichelli A. , D'Arcangelo C. , Strappini P. M. , Persiani M. , Colistra C. , Scarpati M. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOpsonized‐zymosan‐stimulated polymorphonuclear cells show a cyanide‐insensitive oxygen consumption. We have investigated whether opsonized‐zymosan could induce similar metabolic change in human blood platelets. Preparation of intact human blood platelets, obtained by separation through a Ficoll layer (23% w/v) were challenged with opsonized‐zymosan. the polymorphonuclear cell contamination was less than 1/108 platelets. The opsonized‐zymosan‐stimulated platelets showed an increase of oxygen consumption. The mean of xygen burst measured by a polarographic method with a Clark electrode was 11 nmole/109 platelets/min (S.E.M. 4; n = 15). The duration of the burst was 2 min. Unstimulated platelets did not show the oxygen burst. The inhibitors of respiratory chain and prostaglandin synthesis completely abolished the oxygen consumption by opsonized‐zymosan‐stimulated platelets. The simultaneous addition of NADH (1 mM) and opsonized‐zymosan induced a burst of oxygen consumption, which occurred after a variable lag phase (10‐2 min) from the stimulation, also in the presence of inhibitors. This burst, which lasted about 1 min. amounted to 10 nmole/109 platelets/min (S.E.M. 2; n = 15) and it was higher in the presence of NAN3 a catalase inhibitor. Zymosan treated with hydrazine or heated plasma (56°C) did not cause increased oxygen consumption. Inulin or inulin‐treated serum did not stimulate platelets. In these experimental conditions some NADH disappeared, as shown by isotachophoresis. The results demonstrated that an immunological stimulus may activate a membrane‐linked cyanide‐insensitive oxygen metabolizing system.
Aplastic anemia associated with intravenous chloramphenicol
Authors: Alavi Jane B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient is presented who developed aplastic anemia 3 months after exposure to intravenous chloramphenicol. She died of this disease 4 years later. Other cases of marrow aplasia due to parenteral chloramphenicol are reviewed, in order to emphasize that this complication, although rare, is not restricted to the use of oral chloramphenicol.
Blastic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Januszewicz Elchanan , Cooper Ian A. , Pilkington Glenn , Jose David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case is described of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia whose disease underwent blastic transformation. The transformed cells had the same immunoglobulin types (μ and k) as the original chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Immunoperoxidase staining technique demonstrated that, in the transformed cells of the bone marrow, much of the immunoglobulin was intracellular. In the peripheral blood the transformed cells had dense surface immunoglobulin and features of primitive T‐cells. These findings suggest that transformation to an immunoblastic type of leukemia had occurred.
Effect of a perfluorocarbon emulsion (Fluosol‐DA) on reticuloendothelial system clearance function
Authors: Castro Oswaldo , Nesbitt Aleta E. , Lyles Denise 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study the effect of a perfluorocarbon oxygen transport emulsion (Fluosol‐DA) on reticuloendothelial system (RES) function, we measured the blood clearance of human erythrocytes transfused to rats. Compared with saline treatment, Fluosol‐DA at 30 ml/kg doses significantly increased both the percent 20‐hour blood recovery (mean 8.9% ± 2.7 SEM vs 1.3% ± 0.25 SEM) and 51Cr t1/2 survival (mean 14.0 hours ± 2.7 SEM vs 3.5 hours ± 0.33 SEM) of the human red cells. This suppression of RES clearance function was transient and no longer detectable seven days after single Fluosol‐DA doses. The Fluosol‐DA‐induced RES block was about three times greater than that obtainable with 4 g/kg of a soybean oil emulsion used for clinical hyperalimentation. On the other hand, the effect of ethyl palmitate (0.5 g/kg), a potent but toxic RES blocker, was 3.5 times greater than that of Fluosol‐DA in this test system. If Fluosol‐DA also induces RES block in humans, this emulsion could be explored as a therapeutic RES blocker in certain immune cytopenias.
β Globin messenger RNA content of bone marrow erythroblasts in heterozygous β‐thalassemia
Authors: Benz Edward J. , Pritchard Jonathan , Hillman Diane , Glass Jonathan , Forget Bernard G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRNA from bone marrow erythroblasts and peripheral blood reticulocytes of patients with heterozygous β‐thalassemia was analyzed for relative content of α and β globin messenger RNA by molecular hybrization. Erythroblasts from nonthalassemic patients exhibited approximately the same α and β globin mRNA content (β/α mRNA ratio = 0.8–1.0) as circulating reticulocytes (β/α mRNA ratio = 0.74–1.2). The mRNA ratios corresponded well to levels of globin synthesis observed in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Erythroblasts from four patients with heterozygous β‐thalassemia also exhibited approximately the same β/α mRNA ratios in bone marrow erythroblasts (0.34–0.59) as in reticulocytes (0.34–0.4): β globin mRNA was clearly deficient in bone marrow erythroblasts. Globin biosynthesis by erythroblasts of β‐thalassemia heterozygotes was balanced despite the mRNA deficiency (β/α = 0.9–1.0), suggesting that post‐translational phenoma (eg, proteolysis of free globin chains), rather than instability of β mRNA, accounts for the balanced globin chain synthesis frequently observed in bone marrow erythroblasts of patients with β‐thalassemia trait.
Hemoglobin Hamilton or α2β211(a8)Val→Ile: A silent β‐chain variant detected by triton X‐100 acid‐urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
Authors: Wong S. C. , Ali M. A. M. , Lam H. , Webber B. B. , Wilson J. B. , Huisman T. H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA silent β‐chain hemoglobin variant, not detectable by starch gel or agar gel electrophoresis was found using Triton X‐100 acid‐urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The abnormal β‐X chain had a more anodic electrophoretic mobility; 38% of the total β chain was of the abnormal type. Structural analysis using high‐performance liquid chromatography and microsequencing procedures indicated a valine to isoleucine substitution at position β11(A8). This anomaly did not change the functional proper ties of the hemoglobin molecule. A mild reticulocytosis was observed in the propositus.
Initial alkylating agent chemotherapy in a leukemic hairy cell patient
Authors: Gaynor Ellen , Golomb Harvey M. , McClellan Jason 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with moderate splenomegaly and the leukemic phase of hairy cell leukemia presented with a white blood cell count (WBC) of 85,600/mm3 with 87% hairy cells and platelets of 125,000/mm3. Initial therapy consisted of chlorambucil alone at 4 mg each day. Within 6 months, the WBC decreased to 27,000/mm3 with 82% hairy cells, and the spleen was not palpable; platelets remained at 142,000/mm3. The patient has continued to do well for 2 years since the start of therapy, requiring no transfusions and having no problems secondary to organ infiltration. Selected hairy cell patients, those with a significant leukemic phase and with only mild thrombocytopenia, may benefit from initial chlorambucil therapy rather than immediate splenectomy.
Quinidine‐induced agranulocytosis
Authors: Alexander Saramma J. , Gilmore Robin I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of agranulocytosis in an 86‐year‐old man after 8 weeks treatment with quinidine sulfate is described. Acute phase serum from the patient demonstrated antineutrophil activity by the microgranulocytotoxicity assay. Review of the literature reveals that more than one mechanism could cause this idiosyncratic immune‐mediated agranulocytosis.
Hemoglobin S levels in sickle cell trait individuals
Authors: Cameron Bruce F. , Smith Diane B. , Cody Barbara 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanges in Department of Defense regulations now permit persons with sickle cell trait to serve in all service branches. However, for purposes of the regulation, sickle cell trait is defined as 41% or less S hemoglobin. Our screening experience, based on 397 individuals with sickle cell trait, with quantitative scan of cellulose acetate electrophoretic sheets, indicates that 20–40% (depending on definition of terms) of individuals with sickle cell trait would be excluded by this criterion.
Decreased sodium influx and abnormal red cell membrane lipids in a patient with familial plasma lecithin:Cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
Authors: Murayama Naoki , Asano Yasushi , Hosoda Saichi , Maesawa Masaji , Saito Masaki , Takaku Fumimaro , Sugihara Takashi , Miyashima Kosuke , Yawata Yoshihito 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRed cell membrane metabolism in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency was investigated. The family presented here is the third case discovered in Japan. An increase of free cholesterol was observed in the red cell membranes, concomitant with increased phosphatidyl choline. Osmotic fragility of the patient's red cells was diminished rather than increased. Red cell survival (51Cr T1/2) was shortened (15 days). Sodium influx was markedly decreased, although sodium efflux, both ouabain‐sensitive and ouabain‐insensitive, was normal. The activity of acetyl‐cholinesterase as a marker of the outer leaflet of the red cell membranes was decreased, while the activity of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase as a marker of the inner leaflet was normal. No abnormalities of adenosine triphosphatases in red cell membranes were observed. These results suggest that the alteration of cholesterol metabolism in the plasma of LCAT deficiency increases the red cell membrane cholesterol and affects the functions of the red cell membranes, especially of the outer leaflet, which may result in decreased sodium influx.
Tumor lysis syndrome following VP‐16‐213 in chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis
Authors: Thomas M. Roy , Robinson W. A. , Mughal T. I. , Glode L. Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral recent reports have emphasized the potentially serious and often fatal acute metabolic complications following cytotoxic chemotherapy in both solid tumors and leukemias. We present here a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis who developed an acute tumor lysis syndrome following a single dose of VP‐16‐213 (Etoposide).
Impaired metabolic activity of phagocytosing neutrophils in agnogenic osteomyelofibrosis with splenomegaly: A longitudinal study
Authors: Marquetty Claude , Labro‐Bryskier Marie‐Thérèse , Perianin Axel , Hakim Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFunctional and enzyme activity of neutrophils in patients with agnogenic osteomyelofibrosis (AOM) is still a subject of controversy, probably owing to the heterogeneity of the abnormalities observed from patient to patient, and the absence of longitudinal studies performed during the course of the disease. For a better definition of these abnormalities, 40 patients with untreated AOM were studied from the time of diagnosis, and in 12 cases, neutrophil function and enzyme activity were reassessed at one‐year intervals for 3–5 years. The results showed that all abnormalities were serum‐independent. Mean ingestion rate in neutrophils from patients were similar to that of the controls but individual values were more varied, with some very high and some low ingestion rates. Histochemical latex ingestion and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction were lower in patients than in controls, as were cyanide‐insensitive O2 consumption and superoxide anion and H2O2 production. Mean iodination was also decreased and, in most patients, was related to a decrease in H2O2 production. However, in eight patients H2O2 production was normal, although an iodination deficiency was found. Myeloperoxidase activity was low in five of these cases. In the other three patients this discrepancy was not explained. The longitudinal study of 12 patients showed that defects observed in the early stages of the disease remained or were aggravated, and that new abnormalities appeared during the course of the disease.
Lymphocyte subsets in patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Ruiz‐Argüelles G. J. , Katzmann J. A. , Greipp P. R. , Marín‐López A. , González‐Llaven J. , Cano‐Castellanos R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocyte subsets were enumerated in a group of 31 patients with aplastic anemia. Abnormal numbers of immunoregulatory T‐cells were found in some patients: 26% of them showed a reversed helper/suppressor ratio. Seven of 18 patients showed significantly decreased proliferation in response to PWM; this hyporesponsiveness was present in 75% of patients with a reversed helper/suppressor ratio and in 10% of those with a normal helper/suppressor ratio (R = 0.66, P = 0.008). Eight of 18 patients showed suppressor activity over PWM‐induced allogeneic cell proliferation. This suppressive activity did not correlate with T‐cell phenotype. Of the patients with a low number of T‐cells, 73% had responded to treatment, whereas of those patients with a normal number of T‐cells, 26% had responded (P = 0.016). The results are consistent with abnormal immune response in selected patients with aplastic anemia, and suggest a possible influence of T‐cells on disease process.
The total marrow mass of the mouse: A simplified method of measurement
Authors: Boggs D. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe total number of nucleated cells in the long bone of a mouse can be determined with some accuracy. Thus, in this species, values for marrow cells can be expressed as a total cell count per bone, a more meaningful number than values expressed as concentration as is done in most studies of other species. If the percent of total marrow in the skeleton that is contained in that bone is known, values can be expressed as “per mouse” (total marrow mass)–‐a still more meaningful value than values per bone. The total marrow mass of mice has been calculated previously on the basis of nucleated cells per humerus or per femur and the percent of the total marrow contained in that bone. However, that percent was based on rather tedious dissection of the entire skeleton and determining the amount of 59Fe that had been taken up by each bone. In the present study, mice were injected with 59Fe, skinned, and eviscerated. The carcass was then either cooked and all bones dissected out or simply cut into pieces containing various bones or bone groups. The percent of 59Fe taken up by various bones or bone groups as measured by the two techniques was virtually identical. The percent distribution between various bones was found to be fairly constant between 4 and 18 h after 59Fe injection and the same in mice aged 3 or 12 months. This simplified technique makes the measurement of total marrow mass a practical addition in studies of murine hematopoiesis.
The effect of lithium carbonate on chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia
Authors: Richman Carol M. , Makii Michael M. , Weiser Patricia A. , Herbst Arthur L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLithium carbonate ameliorates neutropenia associated with cancer chemotherapy. The effect of lithium on platelet suppression has not, however, been well established. In the present study, five patients with ovarian carcinoma received daily lithium during alternate cycles of treatment with hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis‐platinum. Analysis of myelosuppression was performed on 24 paired consecutive cycles given at identical doses, one with and one without lithium. During lithium cycles, nadir leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts were significantly higher (P<0.01, <0.01, <0.05 respectively) and the interval between treatments was shorter (P<0.01). One patient who has received 11 cycles of chemotherapy continues to receive 100% doses owing to the beneficial effect of lithium on chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia. Lithium was poorly tolerated by some patients because of either tremor or nausea and vomiting, in spite of nontoxic serum lithium levels. The amelioration of drug‐induced platelet suppression as well as neutrophil suppression noted in this study suggests that lithium's effect on hematopoiesis is not limited to stimulation of neutrophil production. The ability of lithium to decrease chemotherapyinduced myelosuppression suggests that lithium administration may facilitate escalation of chemotherapy doses in selected patients.
The effects of PGF2α, PGI2, and TXB2 on human CFU‐C in healthy and leukemic patients
Authors: Gross Samuel , Worthington‐White Diana A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was undertaken to test the effects of certain arachidonate derivatives, PGF2α, PGI2 and TxB2 on in vitro bone marrow granulocyte colony growth (CFU‐C) in leukemia patients receiving maintenance chemotherapy and in normal controls. The addition of PGF2α did not result in increased numbers of colonies, but it did cause a shift in the size of the colonies so that there was a significant increase in larger colonies (P < 0.001) and significantly fewer small colonies (P < 0.05) as compared to untreated samples. Of the prostenoids tested in a Tris‐buffered system, PGI2 affected the greatest increase in CFU‐C (P < 0.01) followed by PGF2α (P < 0.05) whereas 6‐keto‐PGF1α (the stable hydrate of PGI2) did not affect colony growth. Time‐response curves revealed a linear growth pattern for PGF2α with a peak at 10 days, whereas there was a 6‐day growth lag with PGI2 followed by linear growth with a peak at 13 days. TxB2 added to cultures significantly reduced the number of bone marrow CFU‐C at all doses tested.The prostanoid effects on CFU‐C derived from leukemic patients on maintenance chemotherapy and from normal individuals were identical in every respect.