bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of semaphorin‐3A in the joint and role in osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Xiang , Martinez‐Ramos Sara , Heedge Freija T. , Pitsillides Andrew , Bou‐Gharios George , Poulet Blandine , Chenu Chantal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by the deterioration of cartilage in the joints and pain. We hypothesise that semaphorin‐3A (sema‐3A), a chemorepellent for sensory nerves, plays a role in joint degradation and pain. We used the mechanical joint loading (MJL) model of OA to investigate sema‐3A expression in the joint and examine its association with the development of OA and pain. We also analyse its effect on chondrocyte differentiation using the ATDC5 cell line. We demonstrate that sema‐3A is present in most tissues in the healthy joint and its expression increases in highly innervated tissues, such as cruciate ligaments, synovial lining and subchondral bone, in loaded compared to nonloaded control joints. In contrast, sema‐3A expression in cartilage was decreased in the severe OA induced by the application of high loads. There was a significant increase in circulating sema‐3A, 6 weeks after MJL compared to the nonloaded mice. mRNA for sema‐3A and its receptor Plexin A1 were upregulated in the dorsal root ganglia of mice submitted to MJL. These increases were supressed by zoledronate, an inhibitor of bone pain. Sema‐3A was expressed at all stages of Chondrocyte maturation and, when added exogenously, stimulated expression of markers of chondrocyte differentiation. This indicates that sema‐3A could affect joint tissues distinctively during the development of OA. In highly innervated joint tissues, sema‐3A could control innervation and/or induce pain‐associated neuronal changes. In cartilage, sema‐3A could favour its degeneration by modifying chondrocyte differentiation.
Gallbladder volvulus in a 5–years old Vietnamese female: A case report
Authors: Tiep Cao Minh , Ninh Tran Phan , Hung Nguyen Dinh , Nga Nguyen Thi Tuyet , Toan Nguyen Manh , Hung Pham Ngoc , Chuc Dang Van 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageGallbladder volvulus (GV) is a medical emergency and a rare cause of acute abdominal pain among the pediatric population. GV is more prominent usually in boys in pediatric patients. If it is not diagnosed and surgically intervened promptly, GV will become a life‐threating condition. Fortunately, a safe and effective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now widely indicated. A 5 years old female patient with abdominal pain and heavy much vomiting was referred to the emergency room in our hospital. She was suspiciously diagnosed with acute inflammation of the gallbladder according to the results of abdominal ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) scan already performed on admission. One day after the hospitalization, abdominal ultrasound, and CT scan were performed again because of intensification of her abdominal pain and revealed the clinical portrait of GV such as a “floating gallbladder” sign, an echogenic cone structure, an elongated axis displaced horizontally instead of vertically and a lack of intramural blood flow. The acute GV diagnosis was made and the patient was operated, using the laparoscopic cholecystectomy on time, the gallbladder was tightly twisted clockwise at approximately 720°. The operation and postoperative treatment went quite well and the patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative Day 7. GV is very rare in children, easily omitted or misdiagnosed with cholecystitis. Imaging diagnosis such as ultrasound, CT with contrast helps make diagnosis promptly that avoids severe complications such as gallbladder perforation, necrosis, and biliary peritonitis.
Polydopamine Modified Carbon Nitride and PAMAM Assembled Electrochemical Immunosensor for Detection of Indole‐3‐Acetic Acid
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Aixue , Yu Xin , Mijakovic Ivan , Pandit Santosh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) assumes a pivotal role as a phytohormone of utmost importance, intricately orchestrating the nuanced processes associated with the growth and developmental trajectories of botanical organisms. In this study, we have designed and fabricated a label‐free electrochemical impedance immunosensor for the precise detection of IAA. The detection strategy predominantly relied upon polydopamine modified carbon nitride (C3N4) nanosheets (PCN) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer. Through the modification with PCN and PAMAM, the electrode has increased the active area and enhanced the immobilization capacity of antibodies for IAA. The immunosensor‘s ability to capture IAA was significantly improved by enhancing the immunoreaction between the antibody and antigen. This enhancement led to an increased response in the electrochemical behavior of the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox probe. The impedance immunosensor developed exhibits remarkable sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, and consistent performance in the detection of IAA. This assay method, with the potential to replace antibodies, could offer an alternative approach for detecting various phytohormones.
Structure‐Based Design and Synthesis of Lipid A Derivatives to Modulate Cytokine Responses
Authors: Verpalen Enrico C. J. M. , Brouwer Arwin J. , Wolfert Margreet A. , Boons Geert‐Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAgonists of Toll like receptors (TLRs) have attracted interest as adjuvants and immune modulators. A crystal structure of TLR4/MD2 with E. coli LPS indicates that the fatty acid at C‐2 of the lipid A component of LPS induces dimerization of two TLR4‐MD2 complexes, which in turn initiates cell signaling leading to the production of (pro)inflammatory cytokines. To probe the importance of the (R)‐3‐hydroxymyristate at C‐2 of lipid A, a range of bis‐ and mono‐phosphoryl lipid A derivatives with different modifications at C‐2 were prepared by a strategy in which 2‐methylnaphthyl ethers were employed as permanent protecting group that could be readily removed by catalytic hydrogenation. The C‐2 amine was protected as 9‐fluorenylmethyloxycarbamate, which at a later stage could be removed to give a free amine that was modified by different fatty acids. LPS and the synthetic lipid As induced the same cytokines, however, large differences in activity were observed. A compound having a hexanoyl moiety at C‐2 still showed agonistic properties, but further shortening to a butanoyl abolished activity. The modifications had a larger influence on monophosphoryl lipid As. The lipid As having a butanoyl moiety at C‐2 could selectively antagonize TRIF associated cytokines induced by LPS or lipid A.
Hypervalent Iodine(III) Mediated Halogen Bonded Supramolecular Chiral System with Cholesteryl Naphthalimides
Authors: Zhang Jie , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHalogen bonding acknowledged as a noteworthy weak interaction, has gained growing recognition in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this study, we selected structurally rigid diaryliodonium ions (I(III)) with two biaxial σ‐holes as halogen‐bond donors, to bind with three chiral acceptor molecules bearing cholesteryl and naphthalimides with distinct geometries. The abundant carbonyl oxygen atoms in side‐arm substituents function as multiple acceptors for halogen bonding. The self‐aggregation of chiral acceptor molecules demonstrates adaptiveness to solvent media, evidenced by the inversion of the Cotton effect and the morphological evolution from spherical to rod‐like nanoarchitectures in different solvent systems. The distinct geometries of the acceptor molecules conferred various binding modes with I(III). The introduction of I(III) as a halogen‐bond donor regulates the aggregation of the donors, achieving amplification of chiroptical signals and inheriting solvent responsiveness from the self‐aggregated assembly. This study successfully utilized rational structural design and multimodal control strategies to achieve regulation of supramolecular chirality.
Umfassend zugriffssicher
Authors: Fast Arno Martin , Waldeck Boris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDie Initiative Manufacturing‐X zielt auf eine digital vernetzte Industrie mit einem standardisierten Datenaustausch über Unternehmens‐ und Branchengrenzen hinweg ab. Diese Kommunikation muss zwingend vor unbefugten Zugriffen abgesichert werden. Die Plattfomtechnologie PLCnext Technology mit offener OPC UA Architektur für die Industrieautomatisierung ist nach IEC62443 zertifiziert und bietet Sicherheit beim Datenaustausch.
Green Lignovation ‐ From incineration to innovation
Authors: Boßmann Manuel , Goericke Hanne , Grotjohann Aishe , Driller Markus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBeim 6. ChemPlant‐Wettbewerb sind theoretisches Wissen und praktisches Können der Verfahrenstechnik gefragt. Im Jahr 2023 beteiligten sich 13 Studierendenteams aus 12 Hochschulen an dem Wettbewerb der kreativen jungen Verfahrensingenieure (kjVI) in der VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC). Den 6. Wettbewerb gewann das Team der RWTH Aachen. Die jungen Ingenieure überzeugten mit der nachhaltigen Herstellung von fraktioniertem Lignin und wichtigen Plattformchemikalien aus Schwarzlauge.
Medical education and artificial intelligence: Question answering for medical questions based on intelligent interaction
Authors: Chen Lei 
Published: April 2024

SummaryComputer assisted medical diagnosis technology is widely used in the field of medical assistance to assist doctors in making diagnostic decisions. But as the number of patients increases, the diagnostic pressure on doctors gradually increases, and more efficient computer‐aided medical diagnosis technology is needed to improve the accuracy of doctors' diagnosis. Today's computer‐based medically assisted diagnostic technologies suffer from the inability to fully simulate physical attributes and environmental factors, the large computational resources required for high‐precision models, the need for professional training for user operation, and the limited intuition for innovative design. For improving diagnostic efficiency, this study designs a medical Question answering intelligent interaction system in view of artificial intelligence algorithms. The system is constructed with an active interactive intelligent Q&A model consisting of a medical reasoning module and a medical examination recommendation module. Then, it uses local Bayesian network algorithm as the foundation to establish an intelligent strategy optimization network. And it puts forward the answer selection model of medical Question answering in view of hierarchical interaction for natural language processing tasks in the medical context. The performance test results show that when the diagnostic end threshold of the medical reasoning module is 0.8, the shortest diagnostic path is 3.33. When the diagnostic threshold is 0.85, the maximum length of the diagnostic path is 4.66, and the maximum difference between the diagnostic paths is 1.33, which is basically not affected by the diagnostic end threshold. The local Bayesian network algorithm can reduce the impact of noise features and extract more valuable information. The accuracy of the multilevel interactive answer selection model on the Stanford Natural Language Inference dataset without using external resources reached 89.2%. The ablation test results show that the overall accuracy of the model is 89.64%. The visualization results of the attention weight distribution test between interaction layers show that under different levels of interaction, the attention distribution will undergo significant changes.
A lightweight performance proxy for deep‐learning model training on Amazon SageMaker
Authors: Keller Tesser Rafael , Marques Alvaro , Borin Edson 
Published: April 2024

SummaryCloud computing has become popular for training deep‐learning (DL) models, avoiding the costs of acquiring and maintaining on‐premise systems. SageMaker is a cloud service that automates the execution of DL workloads. Its features include automatic hyperparameter optimization and use of spot instances. Nonetheless, it does not assist in selecting the right instance type for a workload. In public clouds, rent price depends on the configuration of the chosen instance type. Advanced and faster instances are typically more expensive, but not always the best choice. To select the optimal instance type, users must compare the workload's relative performance (and hence cost) on several candidates. Building on the execution profiles of multiple DL applications, we model the performance and cost of training DL applications on SageMaker and propose a lightweight technique to estimate these at low temporal and monetary cost. This method is a performance proxy that can be used to replace more expensive performance measurement procedures. So, it could speed up any technique that relies on such measurements. We show how it can help cloud customers seeking suitable instance types to train DL models, and that it can accurately predict the performance of different instance types when training these models on SageMaker.
Astrocytic functions and lipid metabolism: Correlations and therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease and glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Xu , Gao Rongrong , Yang Liuke , Zhu Youwei , Zhang Tiancheng , Shen Xiaorong , Gu Wenwen , Yang Long , Peng Shenjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe brain is a central key organ of the body containing the second highest lipid content only after adipose tissue. Lipids as the main structural components of biological membranes play important roles in a vast number of biological processes within the brain such as energy homeostasis, material transport, signal transduction, neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, providing a balanced cellular environment required for proper functioning of brain cells. Lipids and their metabolism are of great physiological importance in view of the crucial roles of lipids in brain development and function. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the brain and involved in various processes including metabolic homeostasis, blood brain barrier maintenance, neuronal support and crosstalk.ResultsDisturbances in lipid metabolism and astrocytic functions may lead to pathological alterations associated with numerous neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) recognised as the most frequent cause of dementia leading to major progressive memory and cognitive deficits as well as glioblastoma (GBM) known as the most aggressive malignant brain tumour with a poor prognosis.ConclusionsHerein, we not only review the level and role of altered lipid metabolism in correlation with astrocytic function and astrocyte‐neuron crosstalk in AD and GBM, but also discuss important lipid‐related metabolites and proteins participating in possible mechanisms of pathologically dysregulated lipid metabolism, offering potential therapeutic targets in targeted molecular therapies for AD and GBM.
Instability analysis and face‐to‐face collision of dust acoustic waves in dusty plasmas: Perspective Jupiter environment
Authors: Imon Umma , Alam M. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe collisionless unmagnetized five components dusty plasmas have been considered to study the significance of the face‐to‐face collision of single‐ and multi‐solitons, phase shifts due to face‐to‐face collision, and instability of the dust acoustic waves in Jupiter's environment. To study the consequence of face‐to‐face collision extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo method is used to derive the two‐sided nonlinear Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation. Besides, to investigate the dust acoustic wave's instability, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation has been derived following the procedure of Slathia et al. The multi‐soliton solutions are determined by employing the Hirota bilinear method. The concerned parameters in the issue play a crucial role in the phase shift (generated by the face‐to‐face collision); the collisional process of single‐, double‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐soliton; and the generation of dust acoustic solitons. Furthermore, the plasma parameters are crucial in the formation of dark solitons and envelop shocks.
The neoteny goldilocks zone: The evolution of neoteny in Ambystoma
Authors: Lyons Thom A. , Arbuckle Kevin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeoteny is a developmental strategy wherein an organism reaches sexual maturity without associated adult characteristics. In salamanders, neoteny takes the form of individuals retaining aquatic larval characteristics such as external gills upon maturation. Mole salamanders (Ambystoma) occupy a wide range of habitats and areas across the North American continent, and display examples of non‐neotenic, facultatively neotenic and obligate neotenic species, providing high variation for investigating the factors influencing the evolution of neoteny. Here, we use phylogenetic comparative methods to test existing hypotheses that neoteny is associated with elevational and latitudinal distribution, cave‐associated isolation, and hybridisation‐related polyploidy. We also test if neoteny influences the diversity of habitats a species can occupy, since the restriction to an aquatic life should constrain the availability of different niches. We find that neoteny tends to occur in a narrow latitudinal band between 20–30° North, with particularly narrow latitudinal ranges for obligate compared to facultative neotenic species (16–52° North). We also find that facultatively neotenic species occur at elevations more than twice as high as other species on average, and that species with a higher frequency of neoteny typically have lower habitat diversity. Our results suggest that evolutionary transitions between non‐neotenic and facultative neoteny states occur at relatively high and approximately equal rates. Moreover, we estimate that obligate neoteny cannot evolve directly from non‐neotenic species (and vice versa), such that facultative neoteny acts as an evolutionary ‘stepping stone’ to and from obligate neoteny. However, our transition rate estimates suggest that obligate neoteny is lost >4‐times faster than it evolves, partly explaining the rarity of obligate species. These results support the hypothesis that low latitudes favour the evolution of neoteny, presumably linked to more stable (aquatic) environments due to reduced seasonality, but once evolved it may constrain the diversity of habitats.
Closing the Gap Between Gas Phase and Condensed Phase: Fragmentation Studies of the Thiomethoxymethyl Complex [(bipy)Pt(CH3)2(CH2SCH3)]+
Authors: Stebens Gilles , Jakob Lukas , Butschke Burkhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCollision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the mass‐selected cation [(bipy)Pt(CH3)2(CH2SCH3)]+ in an ion‐trap mass‐spectrometer results in the losses of the neutrals ethane, ethene, dimethyl sulfide, methane, ethyl methyl sulfide, and propane. The generation of the first four neutrals is also observed, when the isolated, dimeric complex [(bipy)Pt(CH3)2(CH2SCH3)]2[SbF6]2 is heated in the condensed phase. While the product distribution is very similar regardless of whether the complex is heated in the solid state or in solution, ethane loss, i. e. the quite rare event of an sp3‐sp3 C−C reductive elimination from a platinum(IV) complex, dominates in the gas‐phase experiment. However, when the counter anion [SbF6]− is exchanged by the more weakly coordinating anion [BAr4F]−, the amounts of ethane and ethene are increased also in the condensed phase. These sum of observations indicates the similarities of the fragmentation of [(bipy)Pt(CH3)2(CH2SCH3)]+ in both phases. Thus, a correlation of processes in both environments is possible for selected systems (and particularly for unimolecular processes), but the choice of the proper conditions is crucial for a meaningful comparison.
Steady‐state operating points of islanded virtual synchronous machine microgrid
Authors: Kamilu Sanusi Alabi , Beck Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBefore starting stability analysis of the multivirtual synchronous machine (n‐VISMA) power system, it is necessary to obtain the steady‐state operating points (SSOPs) of all dynamic nodes in the network. Modified traditional iterative schemes using the concept of droop bus technique in an islanded microgrid are not feasible for load flow analysis of VISMA microgrid incorporating non‐control dynamics. This paper proposes closed‐form steady‐state, fundamental‐frequency models for islanded VISMA microgrids using the concept of virtual swing buses. In this technique, the virtual internal buses of all VISMAs in the network are governed by the swing equation. The voltage at all buses is variable except the virtual buses in which the pole wheel voltages are prespecified. The algorithm was extended by a droop control localized to each VISMA. The suitability of the proposed algorithm to obtaining SSOPs of VISMA was tested on IEEE‐9 bus system with VISMA replacing electromechanical synchronous machines and also on a low‐voltage distribution system. To validate the applicability of the proposed algorithm and prove its accuracy, the case study systems were also modeled in the SIMULINK environment for detailed time domain analysis. The algorithm was found to be computationally effective for a load flow analysis of the VISMA microgrid. The results also reveal that the addition of external droop control improves the frequency stability of the system.
Appetite sensation improvement by synbiotic supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Pourjam Mahboube , Mirzaeian Soheila , Karimifar Mozhgan , Feizi Awat , Entezari Mohammad Hassan , Saraf‐Bank Sahar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe potential link between dysbiosis, features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), inflammation, and sensation impairment has been recently recognized. However, in this context, there are few indications available regarding the effects of co‐supplementation with Bacillus indicus, Bacillus coagulans, and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotics on patients with MetS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on glycemic indices, inflammatory biomarkers, and appetite among adults with MetS. This study is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial conducted in the Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center outpatient clinic in Isfahan, Iran. Fifty‐eight MetS patients were randomly assigned to receive either synbiotics (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) supplementation twice per day for 8 weeks. Finally, 55 patients were recruited for analyses (28 in the intervention group and 27 in the placebo group). Random permuted blocks and a computer‐generated random number table were used for treatment allocation. No adverse effects were reported during the study. There were no significant differences in glycemic indices and inflammatory markers within‐ and between groups (all p > .05). However, a significant increase in the sensation of fullness was documented in the synbiotic group. In conclusion, the eight‐week treatment did not improve glycemic control and inflammatory markers. Nevertheless, it demonstrated potential efficacy in enhancing participants' appetite sensations, warranting further evaluation in longer intervention periods during future clinical trials.