bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer problems in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Current status and future directions
Authors: McQuade Julia D. , Hoza Betsy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article extends previous reviews regarding the peer problems of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in several ways. In addition to summarizing past and current literature regarding the social behaviors of children with ADHD, these behaviors are discussed in terms of subtype and gender differences and treatment implications. Given limited effectiveness of treatment options, whether it be medication, behavioral modification, or social skills training, there is a need to examine additional factors that may contribute to the social impairment of children with ADHD. Therefore, this review focuses on potential neuropsychological deficits, biased perceptions of social ability, and deficits in encoding and processing social information that may contribute to the social impairment of children with ADHD. These topics are discussed both in terms of their contribution to our understanding of the peer problems of children with ADHD and as potential avenues for future research. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:320–324.
Psychosocial treatments for preschool‐aged children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: LaForett Doré R. , Murray Desiree W. , Kollins Scott H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article reviews the research literature on psychosocial treatments for preschool‐aged children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the context of the developmental and contextual needs of this population (e.g., increased parenting demands, differences in classroom structure, and the child's emerging developmental capacities). Discussion of the findings and limitations of existing studies is provided for parent‐training approaches, classroom management strategies, and multimodal treatments. Although the empirical base is quite small for ADHD‐specific samples, parent‐training interventions have the greatest overall support for improving behavioral outcomes, with a variety of different approaches having shown effectiveness. Very few studies of classroom management and multimodal interventions have been conducted in this age group; however, initial data show promising results for teacher training and consultation interventions. The body of research suggests that the most effective treatments for clinical samples of preschoolers with ADHD and their families may be individually delivered, developmentally appropriate, and multimodal. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:300–310.
Inhibitory functioning across ADHD subtypes: Recent findings, clinical implications, and future directions
Authors: Adams Zachary W. , Derefinko Karen J. , Milich Richard , Fillmore Mark T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough growing consensus supports the role of deficient behavioral inhibition as a central feature of the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD/C; Barkley 1997 Psychol Bull 121:65–94; Nigg 2001 Psychol Bull 127:571–598), little research has focused on how this finding generalizes to the primarily inattentive subtype (ADHD/I). This question holds particular relevance in light of recent work suggesting that ADHD/I might be better characterized as a disorder separate from ADHD/C (Diamond 2005 Dev Psychopathol 17:807–825; Milich et al. 2001 Clin Psychol Sci Pract 8:463–488). This article describes major findings in the area of inhibitory performance in ADHD and highlights recent research suggesting important areas of divergence between the subtypes. In particular, preliminary findings point to potential differences between the subtypes with respect to how children process important contextual information from the environment, such as preparatory cues that precede responses and rewarding or punishing feedback following behavior. These suggestive findings are discussed in the context of treatment implications, which could involve differential intervention approaches for each subtype targeted to the specific deficit profiles that characterize each group of children. Future research avenues aimed toward building a sound theoretical model of ADHD/I and a better understanding of its relation to ADHD/C are also presented. Specifically, investigators are encouraged to continue studying the complex interplay between inhibitory and attentional processes, as this area seems particularly promising in its ability to improve our understanding of the potentially distinct pathologies underlying the ADHD subtypes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:268–275.
ADHD in college students: Developmental findings
Authors: Weyandt Lisa L. , DuPaul George J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAccording to the American Psychiatric Association [DSM‐IV‐TR, 2000], Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects ∼3–7% of the school aged population and 2–4% of the adult population. Recently, college students with ADHD have begun to receive more attention, largely due to the increase in numbers of high school students with ADHD pursuing higher education, as well as reports of prescription stimulant misuse on college campuses. The purpose of the present article is to summarize major research findings concerning developmental issues facing college students with ADHD. Overall, findings suggest that relative to the general college population, college students with ADHD are at greater risk for academic and psychological difficulties, and misuse of prescription stimulants is indeed a problem on many campuses. Primary treatment strategies include psychostimulant medication, coaching, and educational accommodations; however, very little controlled treatment outcome research has been conducted with this population. These findings are preliminary and are tempered by methodological limitations as well as the small number of studies that have been conducted. Future research using larger sample sizes, rigorous assessment criteria, and employing longitudinal designs is needed to better understand the developmental issues facing college students with ADHD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:311–319.
Enhancing academic achievement for children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from school‐based intervention research
Authors: Jitendra Asha K. , DuPaul George J. , Someki Fumio , Tresco Katy E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough children with Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit significant academic difficulties in school settings, considerably less attention is devoted to remediating their academic problems when compared to behavioral and social difficulties. The purpose of this article is to review empirically supported academic interventions for children with ADHD. Specific evidence‐based academic interventions are described under the categories of reading and mathematics, with examples that illustrate teacher‐mediated interventions focusing on basic skills (e.g., phonological awareness in reading, mathematics computation) and higher‐level cognitive skills (e.g., collaborative strategic reading, CSR; schema‐based instruction, SBI). Finally, implications for educational practice and directions for future research on school‐based academic interventions for students with ADHD are discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008; 14:325–330.
Attention deficits, Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Deutsch Curtis K. , Dube William V. , McIlvane William J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAttention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its earlier nosologic classifications have been extensively investigated since the 1960s, with PubMed listings alone exceeding 13,000 entries. Strides have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in individuals with intellectual function in the normal range, as described in companion reviews in this special issue. In contrast, comparatively little is known about ADHD in intellectual developmental disabilities (IDD) despite the possibility that ADHD is statistically overrepresented among individuals with IDD (Pearson et al. 1997 Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in mental retardation: nature of attention deficits. In: Burack J, Enns J, editors. Attention, development, and psychopathology. New York: Guilford Press. p 205–229; Pearson et al. 2000 Am. J. Ment. Retard. 105:236–251). Here, we provide a review of diagnostic controversies in ADHD with IDD, and discuss several topics that are currently attracting research efforts in the field. These include behavioral phenotyping and attempts to come to grips with problems of behavioral and etiological heterogeneity. Additionally, we consider issues relating to methodologically sound assessment of attention disorders and evidence‐based intervention procedures that may clarify and/or ameliorate attention deficits in individuals with IDD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:285–292.
Neue Bemessungsregeln für aufgeklebte Verstärkungen mit CFK‐Lamellen
Authors: Breitschaft Gerhard , Wittig Katrin , Alex Rolf 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1. Kurzer Rückblick der Entwicklung der Bemessungsmodelle2. Umsetzung der Nachweiskonzepte2.1 Querkraftkonzept nach DIN 1045‐12.2 Verbundnachweis bei Stützmomentenverstärkung3. Beispielrechnung eines durch aufgeklebte CFK‐Lamellen verstärkten Zweifeldbalkens nach den geltenden Zulassungen auf Basis von DIN 1045‐1:2008‐08
Mixed Valency at the Nearly Delocalized Limit: Fundamentals and Forecast
Authors: Glover Starla D. , Goeltz John C. , Lear Benjamin J. , Kubiak Clifford P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMixed valency is important in many areas of chemistry, from synthetic to biological systems, from the simplest systems to the most highly complex. The purpose of our research is to understand the principles of mixed valency in localized, nearly delocalized, and delocalized systems, and to apply our knowledge to the rational design of molecular devices. This microreview discusses our group's research over the last ten years. It reviews methods of estimating picosecond electron‐transfer lifetimes from infrared spectral lineshapes, studies of the localized‐to‐delocalized transition and the effects of frozen solvents, charge gating by non‐covalent interactions, electron‐transfer‐gated electron transfer, and the distribution of charge within a molecule probed and controlled by an applied electric field. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Structure of Aminopyridinato‐Stabilized Yttrium and Lanthanum Amides and Their Reactivity towards Alkylaluminium Compounds
Authors: Döring Christian , Kempe Rhett 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series of aminopyridinato‐stabilized (amido)lanthanide complexes has been synthesized and characterized. The bulky aminopyridines (2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)[6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl]amine (1a) and [6‐(2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl)pyridin‐2‐yl](2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine (1b) were introduced by amine elimination reaction with [Ln{N(SiHMe2)2}3(thf)2] (Ln = Y, La, thf = tetrahydrofuran, Me = methyl) to obtain the corresponding mono(aminopyridinato) complexes. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses were carried out for the yttrium derivatives. The complexes are not able to undergo coordinative chain transfer polymerization with ethylene in the presence of alkylaluminium compounds as the corresponding dialkyl complexes do. Investigations of the reactions of the lanthanide aminopyridinato complexes with triethylaluminium or diisobutylaluminium hydride reveal a fast transfer of the aminopyridinato ligand to the aluminium atom. The products of this transfer reaction are aminopyridinato‐stabilized dialkylaluminium compounds. One example of these aluminium complexes was characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Self‐Assembled Transition‐Metal Macrocycles and Two‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers Derived from Flexible C2Co2 Cluster‐Bridged Bipyridine Ligands [(4‐C5H4NCO2CH2)2C2Co2(CO)6] and [(3‐C5H4NCO2CH2)2C2Co2(CO)6]
Authors: Song Li‐Cheng , Jin Guo‐Xia , Zhao Li‐Qun , Wang Hu‐Ting , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Hu Qing‐Mei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractReactions of the tetrahedral C2Co2 cluster‐bridged bipyridine ligand [(4‐C5H4NCO2CH2)2C2Co2(CO)6] (La) with [{M(dppb)(H2O)2}(OTf)2] (M = Pd, Pt; dppb = 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane; OTf = SO3CF3) and AgX (X = NO3, SbF6) gave cationic metallamacrocycles [{M(dppb)La}2(OTf)4] (1, M = Pd; 2, M = Pt) and [(AgLa)2X2] (3, X = NO3; 4, X = SbF6). Furthermore, the isomeric C2Co2 cluster‐bridged bipyridine ligand [(3‐C5H4NCO2CH2)2C2Co2(CO)6] (Lb) reacted with ZnCl2 and AgX (X = PF6, ClO4) to afford cationic macrocycle [(ZnLbCl2)2] (5) and coordination polymers [(AgLbX)n] (6, X = PF6; 7, X = ClO4), respectively. Whereas flexible ligand La is known, Lb is new and could be prepared by reaction of but‐2‐yne‐1,4‐diyl dipyridine‐3‐carboxylate with [Co2(CO)8]. New self‐assembled products 1–7 and ligand Lb were characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopy, and 1, 3–7, and Lb were additionally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. In addition, the electrochemistry of Lb and 5 were studied by cyclic voltammetry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Analysis of biomarkers from lipid peroxidation: A comparative study
Authors: Guichardant Michel , Lagarde Michel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOxidative stress is associated with an increase of reactive oxygen species and is now recognized to be a prominent feature of many acute and chronic diseases, as well as of the normal aging process. Many biomarkers are now available to assess oxidative stress. We discuss here the most commonly used in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Some data regarding their validation and measurement are also provided. In addition, we propose new biomarkers deriving from lipid peroxidation, namely 4‐hydroxy‐alkenals and their oxidized derivatives, which can be measured in urine. The main advantages of those markers are that 4‐hydroxy‐hexenal and 4‐hydroxy‐nonenal as well as their oxidized derivatives can be determined in one run, providing information on the global peroxidation of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Moreover, 4‐hydroxy‐hexaenoic and 4‐hydroxy‐nonenoic acids, measurable in urine, are non‐invasive biomarkers that give an indication of the oxidative stress. In conclusion, taking into account the limitations of the different biomarkers available, more than one biomarker should be measured in a particular sample to obtain an overview on the oxidative stress.
Esters of Feist's Acid: Some Insights into the Electronic Structure and Reactivity of Methylenecyclopropanes Ring‐Substituted with Acceptor Groups
Authors: Diev Vyacheslav V. , Tung Tran Q. , Molchanov Alexander P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of C‐aryl‐N‐aryl‐ or N‐methylnitrones with esters of Feist's acid (3‐methylenecyclopropane‐trans‐1,2‐dicarboxylic acid) occurs with the formation of the corresponding spiro[cyclopropane‐1,4‐isoxazolidine] cycloadducts as single isomer with yields in the range of 17–59 %. The reaction proceeds with inverse regiochemical outcome compared to cycloadditions with unsubstituted methylenecyclopropane. Feist's esters are significantly less active towards cycloaddition with nitrones than methylenecyclopropane and reactions require prolonged heating at elevated temperature. The electronic structures of Feist's esters were investigated by means of molecular photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations (HF/6‐31G*, B3LYP/6‐31G*). Both, measured photoelectron HeI spectrum and ground state calculations (HF/6‐31G*) of Feist's esters, indicate considerable lowering of the methylenecyclopropane π‐HOMO energies by substitution with an acceptor group. B3LYP calculations of addends and transition states forthe interaction of methylenecyclopropane with C,N‐diphenylnitrone correctly predict regiochemical outcome. However, B3LYP calculations do not account for the observed regiochemical outcome and diminished reactivity in reactions of Feist's esters with C,N‐diphenylnitrone.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Cyclam‐Functionalized Silica‐Modified Electrodes for Selective Determination of Cu(II)
Authors: Goubert‐Renaudin Stéphanie , Etienne Mathieu , Rousselin Yoann , Denat Franck , Lebeau Bénédicte , Walcarius Alain 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCyclam derivatives have been grafted via 1, 2 or 4 silylated arms to the surface of mesoporous silica and the resulting materials have been incorporated into carbon paste electrodes and applied to the preconcentration electroanalysis of Cu(II). Sensitive and selective detection of the target analyte was achieved owing to the attractive binding properties of this macrocyclic ligand towards Cu(II) species. Various parameters likely to affect the preconcentration and detection steps have been studied, including pH of the accumulation medium, composition of the detection solution, structure and composition of the adsorbent, accumulation time, or presence of potentially interfering species. In particular, the effect of the number of silylated groups linking the macrocycle to the silica network on the sensor performance was discussed. After optimization, Cu(II) can be determined in a linear concentration range extending from 2 nM to 100 μM. The method was validated by reliable Cu(II) determination in tap water.
The Heterogeneity of Multiwalled and Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Iron Oxide Impurities Can Catalyze the Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose
Authors: Siegert Laurent , Kampouris Dimitrios K. , Kruusma Jaanus , Sammelselg Väino , Banks Craig E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is well established that the heterogeneity of carbon nanotubes must be determined before the origin of the electrochemical performance can be attributed. Recently it has been diligently reported that for the case of multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrodes, copper oxide impurities are responsible for the electrochemical activity facilitating a nonenzymatic sensing strategy towards glucose. We have explored both commercially available multiwalled and single‐walled carbon nanotubes for the sensing of glucose and find that iron oxide impurities remaining from the fabrication process are the electroactive sites facilitating the nonenzymatic detection of glucose. Given that the multiwalled carbon nanotubes in this work are purchased from the same leading supplier as that used recently, discrepancies in the fabrication process exist which clearly has implications in the commercialization of electrochemical sensors based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes.
Simultaneous Voltammetry Determination of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers by Nanogold Modified Electrode
Authors: Han Lu , Zhang Xiaoli 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA convenient electrochemical deposition method to prepare nanogold/glassy carbon modified electrode (nano‐Au/GCE) is adopted. In 0.1 mol/L HAc‐NaAc buffer solution (pH 4.61), the nano‐Au/GCE shows an excellent electrocatalytical behavior for the redox of dihydroxybenzene. A simple, rapid and highly selective voltammetry for simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers, hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol, is developed using the nano‐Au/GCE. This method has been applied to the direct determination of the three dihydroxybenzene isomers in artificial wastewater.
Electrochemical Properties of a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Gold/Polyelectrolyte Hollow Spheres
Authors: Wei Min , Xie Zhuoying , Sun Liguo , Gu Zhong‐Ze 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOppositely charged polyelectrolyte (poly(allyamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4‐styrene‐sulfonate) (PSS)), and negatively charged gold nanoparticles (Au) were assembled alternately on polystyrene (PS) spheres via layer‐by‐layer technique, and the different PAH/(PSS/PAH)n/(Au/PAH)m/Au composite hollow spheres were derived by dissolving PS core. These hollow spheres were used to modify boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for electrochemical sensors. The cyclic voltammetric results for dopamine (DA) detection demonstrated that hollow‐sphere‐modified BDD exhibited better electrocatalytic activity than did bare BDD. Influence of the wall thickness and composition of hollow spheres on electrochemical properties were investigated. The results showed that the oxidative peak potential of DA and the peak current varied with different PSS/PAH and Au/PAH layers. The optimized wall structure of hollows spheres was PAH/(PSS/PAH)7/(Au/PAH)5/Au.
Chemical Adsorption onto an ITO Substrate of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotube Functionalized by Carboxylic Groups as an Efficient Support for Electrocatalyst
Authors: Sone Koji , Yagi Masayuki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA single‐wall carbon nanotube functionalized by carboxylic groups (SWNT‐CA) was found to be adsorbed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode by chemical interaction between carboxylic groups and the ITO surface. The adsorption experiments indicated that the narrow pH conditions (around pH 3.0) exist for its adsorption which is restricted by preparation of stable fluid dispersion (favorable at higher pH) and by the chemical interaction (favorable at lower pH). Atomic force microscopic (AFM) measurements suggest that fragmented SWNT‐CA are adsorbed, primarily lying on the surface. Electrochemical impedance analysis indicated that an electrochemical double layer capacitance of the SWNT‐CA/ITO electrode is considerably higher than that for the ITO electrode, suggesting that the interfacial area between the electrode surface and the electrolyte solution is enlarged by the SWNT‐CA layer. Pt particles were deposited as a catalyst on the bare ITO and SWNT‐CA‐coated ITO (SWNT‐CA/ITO) electrodes to give respective Pt‐modified electrodes (denoted as a Pt/ITO electrode and a Pt/SWNT‐CA/ITO electrode, respectively). The cathodic current for the Pt/SWNT‐CA/ITO electrode was 1.7 times higher than that for the Pt/ITO electrode at 0.0 V, showing that the Pt/SWNT‐CA/ITO electrode works more efficiently for O2 reduction at 0.0 V due to the SWNT‐CA layer. The enhancement by the SWNT‐CA layer is also effective for electrocatalytic proton reduction. It could be ascribable to the enlarged interfacial area between the electrode surface and the electrolyte solution.
The back and forth nudging algorithm applied to a shallow water model, comparison and hybridization with the 4D‐VAR
Authors: Auroux D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe study in this paper a new data assimilation algorithm, called the back and forth nudging (BFN). This scheme has been very recently introduced for simplicity reasons, as it does not require any linearization, or adjoint equation, or minimization process in comparison with variational schemes, but nevertheless it provides a new estimation of the initial condition at each iteration. We study its convergence properties as well as efficiency on a 2D shallow water model. All along the numerical experiments, comparisons with the standard variational algorithm (called 4D‐VAR) are performed. Finally, a hybrid method is introduced, by considering a few iterations of the BFN algorithm as a preprocessing tool for the 4D‐VAR algorithm. We show that the BFN algorithm is extremely powerful in the very first iterations and also that the hybrid method can both improve notably the quality of the identified initial condition by the 4D‐VAR scheme and reduce the number of iterations needed to achieve convergence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.