bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput sequencing and fatty acid profile analyses of the Black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis) reveal variation in dietary niche associated with geographic segregation
Authors: Liu Yaqiu , Li Xinhui , Chen Weitao , Feng Guangpeng , Chen Fangchan , Li Jie , Zhou Qiong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFish dietary niche is a core focus, and it reflects the diversity of resources, habitats, or environments occupied by a species. However, whether geographic segregation among different populations triggers dietary diversification and concomitant fish niche shift remains unknown. In the present study, we selected the Black Amur bream (Megalobrama terminalis) is a migratory fish species that plays an important role in the material transfer and energy cycling of river ecosystems, inhabiting southern China drainage with multiple geographic populations. Here, we utilized the combined analyses of 18S rDNA high‐throughput sequencing in fish gut contents and fatty acid (FA) in muscle tissues to evaluate potential spatial patterns of habitat and resource use forM. terminalisin three rivers of southern China. Our results showed that prey items of the Xijiang (XR) population (Pearl River) exhibited the highest species diversity and richness among the three geographic populations. Moreover, diet composition ofM. terminaliswas affected by spatial differences associated with geographic segregation. Analyses of FA biomarkers indicated that the highest levels of C16:0, C18:3n‐3, and C18:2n‐6c were found in Wanquan (WS) population (Wanquan River). The XR population exhibited a distinct FA profile characterized by higher amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The Moyang (MY) population (Moyang River) acted as the linkage between WS and XR populations and consisted of middle levels of saturated FAs (SFAs) and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). The XR population displayed a greater FA niche width compared with WS population. Furthermore, we observed a close positive relationship between the niche width and α‐diversity indices of dietary resources for FA proflies. Our study provides valued information to develop different conservation strategies among different populations and improve fisheries management forM. terminalisand other endemic species in local rivers.
The high cost of movement in an arid working landscape for an endangered amphibian
Authors: Brocka Colin W. , Mazzamuto Maria Vittoria , Koprowski John L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConnectivity is essential for the maintenance of genetic diversity and stability of wildlife populations. Drought and changing precipitation regimes have caused natural aquatic amphibian breeding habitats to disappear or become isolated and have led to the replacement of natural surface water with artificial livestock water tanks. Terrestrial movement is the only means of responding to aquatic threats in arid landscapes and to allow population connectivity. Aridity may present an impenetrable barrier in hydrologically fragmented environments. We used a facultatively paedomorphic and federally endangered salamander to assess the challenges of movement across arid working lands. Sonoran tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium stebbinsi) are endemic to the San Rafael Valley of southeastern Arizona, United States of America, where they depend on livestock water tanks as breeding habitat. The ecology of this species' metamorphs outside of stock tanks is virtually unknown. To assess survival on the landscape during terrestrial movement we used radio‐transmitters to track 78 adult metamorphosed salamanders over 2 years. Sonoran tiger salamanders moved up to 1 km from the tank edge, and average distances moved of over 400 m were higher than most Ambystoma species. However, during the study period, none reached neighboring stock tanks. We found high mortality due to predation and desiccation. Individuals that dispersed to terrestrial habitat in summer survived longer than individuals that dispersed in spring. High mortality suggests terrestrial movement is exceptionally risky and may contribute to isolated subpopulations and elevated levels of inbreeding. Conservation actions that improve and maintain artificial aquatic habitats as well as increase connectivity may improve long‐term management for pond‐breeding amphibians in arid regions.
Seasonal activity patterns of a Kalahari mammal community: Trade‐offs between environmental heat load and predation pressure
Authors: Vermeulen Mika M. , Fritz Hervé , Strauss W. Maartin , Hetem Robyn S. , Venter Jan A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMammals in arid zones have to trade off thermal stress, predation pressure, and time spent foraging in a complex thermal landscape. We quantified the relationship between the environmental heat load and activity of a mammal community in the hot, arid Kalahari Desert. We deployed miniature black globe thermometers within the existing Snapshot Safari camera trap grid on Tswalu Kalahari Reserve, South Africa. Using the camera traps to record species' activity throughout the 24‐h cycle, we quantified changes in the activity patterns of mammal species in relation to heat loads in their local environment. We compared the heat load during which species were active between two sites with differing predator guilds, one where lion (Panthera leo) biomass dominated the carnivore guild and the other where lions were absent. In the presence of lion, prey species were generally active under significantly higher heat loads, especially during the hot and dry spring. We suggest that increased foraging under high heat loads highlights the need to meet nutritional requirements while avoiding nocturnal activity when predatory pressures are high. Such a trade‐off may become increasingly costly under the hotter and drier conditions predicted to become more prevalent as a result of climate change within the arid and semi‐arid regions of southern Africa.
New Avenues for the Synthesis of Oxa‐Cycles Using Lewis/Brønsted Acid Mediated Carboxygenation and Carboalkoxylation of Alkynes
Authors: Nanda Santosh Kumar , Nanda Laxmi Narayan , Pal Juhi , Gharpure Santosh J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cascade functionalizations of alkynes have provided many elegant methods for the synthesis of useful scaffolds. Amongst these functionalizations, the ones comprising C−C and C−O bond formation have been utilized extensively due to the abundant presence of oxygenated motifs in various bio‐active natural as well as unnatural products. Transition‐metal catalysis is a mainstay for these tandem functionalizations as they are very efficient. However, their utilization does typically involve stoichiometric additives like other metal salts and/or Lewis acids/Brønsted acids (LA/BA). Thus, approaches that rely solely on using LA/BA, make these vital transformations not only eco‐friendly and atom economical but also cost beneficial are fast emerging as complementary alternatives. The present review addresses the gap in the literature by summarizing recent developments in LA/BA mediated 1,1/1,2‐carboxygenation and carboalkoxylation of alkynes for the synthesis of oxa‐cycles. The reaction mechanisms are particularly emphasized to bring out understanding needed from the point of future developments in this domain.
Systematic reviews and quality assessment of patient‐reported outcome measures for physical function in comparative effectiveness studies regarding acute postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty—Do we need to start all over again?
Authors: Heitkamp H. , Heußner D. , Rosenberger D. C. , Schnabel K. , Rosenthal D. , Bigalke S. , Maeßen T. V. , Hohenschurz‐Schmidt D. , Liedgens H. , Kaiser U. , Pogatzki‐Zahn E. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a consensus process specified a core outcome set (COS) of domains to be assessed in each comparative effectiveness research and clinical practice related to acute postoperative pain. Physical function (PF) was one of these domains. The aim of this review was to investigate which patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to assess PF after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in clinical trials and if they fulfil basic requirements for a COS of PROMs based on their psychometric properties.MethodsA systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies based on a search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL was undertaken. PROMs and performance measures were extracted and investigated, including evaluation of psychometric properties of PROMs based on COSMIN recommendations.ResultsFrom initially 2896 identified records, 479 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Only 87 of these trials (18%) assessed PF using PROMs, whereas especially performance outcome measures were used in 470 studies (98%). Application of the ‘COSMIN Risk‐of‐Bias‐Box 1’ to 13 of the 14 identified PROMs resulted in insufficient content validity of the included PROMs regarding the target population based on the inauguration or development articles.ConclusionOur data indicate that a patient‐centred postoperative assessment of PF in pain‐related clinical trials early after TKA is not common, even though patient‐reported assessment is widely recommended. In addition, none of the applied PROMs shows content validity based on their inauguration or development articles for the assessment of postoperative pain‐related PF after TKA.SignificanceA systematic search for patient‐reported outcome measures assessing postoperative, pain‐related physical function after total knee arthroplasty in clinical trials and assessment of their content validity revealed none that fulfilled requirements based on COSMIN recommendations.
Dark Triad and the attitude toward military violence against civilians: The role of moral disengagement
Authors: Gulevich Olga , Osin Evgeny , Chernov Daniil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScholars pay great attention to sociopsychological factors that predict attitudes toward military action, but they rarely address personality variables. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between the Dark Triad traits, general moral disengagement, and military attitudes. We conducted three surveys between May and November 2022 in three samples of Russian residents (N = 736, 795, and 752). The results showed that the Dark Triad was only marginally related to attitudes toward military action abroad, but emerged as a consistent positive predictor of support for violence against civilians with psychopathy showing the strongest effect. Moreover, this relationship was mediated by moral disengagement. At the same time, Big Five traits and sociopsychological variables predicted the attitudes toward military action, but were generally unrelated to the attitudes toward violence against civilians. The findings suggest the existence of distinct pathways underlying the support of general military action and unethical military action.
Anticipatory anxiety of seizures in epilepsy: A common, complex, and underrecognized phenomenon?
Authors: Kanner Andres M. , Carrazana Enrique , Munger Clary Heidi M. , Rabinowicz Adrian L. , Faught Edward 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of epilepsy is associated with loss of predictability, which invariably results in the fear of when and if future seizures will occur. For a subset of patients with epilepsy (PWE), there may be a pathological persistent fear of seizure occurrence, resulting in limitations to daily activities through avoidant behaviors. Paradoxically, the research of anticipatory anxiety of seizures (AAS; also referred to as seizure phobia) has been practically nonexistent and, not surprisingly, this condition remains underrecognized by clinicians. The available data are derived from three small case series of patients followed in tertiary epilepsy centers. In this study, we review the available data on the reported clinical manifestations of AAS in PWE, and of the potential role of variables associated with it, such as personal and family psychosocial and psychiatric history and epilepsy‐related variables. In addition, we review the need for the creation of screening tools to identify patients at risk of AAS and discuss potential treatment strategies, which could be considered as part of the comprehensive management for PWE.
Janus faced: The co‐evolution of war and peace in the human species
Authors: Meijer Hugo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe human species presents a paradox. No other species possesses the propensity to carry out coalitionary lethal attacks on adult conspecifics coupled with the inclination to establish peaceful relations with genetically unrelated groups. What explains this seemingly contradictory feature? Existing perspectives, the “deep roots” and “shallow roots” of war theses, fail to capture the plasticity of human intergroup behaviors, spanning from peaceful cooperation to warfare. By contrast, this article argues that peace and war have both deep roots, and they co‐evolved through an incremental process over several million years. On the one hand, humans inherited the propensity for coalitionary lethal violence from their chimpanzee‐like ancestor. Specifically, having first inherited the skills to engage in cooperative hunting, they gradually repurposed such capacity to execute coalitionary killings of adult conspecifics and subsequently enhanced it through tech`nological innovations like the use of weapons. On the other hand, they underwent a process of cumulative cultural evolution and, subsequently, of self‐domestication which led to heightened cooperative communication and increased prosocial behavior within and between groups. The combination of these two biocultural evolutionary processes—coupled with feedback loop effects between self‐domestication and Pleistocene environmental variability—considerably broadened the human intergroup behavioral repertoire, thereby producing the distinctive combination of conflictual and peaceful intergroup relations that characterizes our species. To substantiate this argument, the article synthesizes and integrates the findings from a variety of disciplines, leveraging evidence from evolutionary anthropology, primatology, archeology, paleo‐genetics, and paleo‐climatology.
Corporate credit default swap systematic factors
Authors: Chan Ka Kei , Lin Ming‐Tsung , Lu Qinye 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine a comprehensive set of systematic and firm‐specific determinants of the credit default swap (CDS), using a two‐step approach to explore the factor's effect on CDS spread changes. We show that systematic factors are important and account for the most changes in the CDS spreads (with average of 35%), while firm‐specific factors are limited (with of 5% in panel regression) with only 4 out of 28 firm‐specific factors being significant. It implies that the systematic factors are overlooked in the literature, and they can provide many implications for practitioners in CDS pricing and the firm's credit risk management.
Innovative surgical approach for trigeminal trophic syndrome: Successful healing of facial ulcers through cross‐face nerve grafts
Authors: Sun Qing , Li Xing , Zhu Zhihui , Xiang Xiting , Zhang Shu , Liu Xiaowei , Long Xiao , Zhang Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a rare condition caused by damage to the trigeminal nervous system, resulting in sensory disturbances and ulcers on the face. Treating TTS is complex and often requires medical or surgical intervention like flap reconstruction. However, there is limited research on surgical treatments for TTS ulcers.MethodsWe report the case of a 19‐year‐old man with TTS. We employed an innovative surgical technique involving dual cross‐face nerve grafts. In the initial procedure, corneal neuralization was accomplished using supraorbital and cross‐face infraorbital nerve graft. The subsequent operation utilized auricular composite tissue flap transplantation repair and cross‐face mental nerve graft.ResultsThis procedure led to rapid and sustained healing, as well as aesthetic improvement.ConclusionCross‐face nerve grafts is a promising tool in the treatment of refractory ulcers caused by diseases such as TTS.
A prospective health economic evaluation to determine the productivity loss due to premature mortality from oral cancer in India
Authors: Singh Arjun , Sullivan Richard , Bavaskar Manasi , Shetty Rathan , Joshi Poonam , Nair Sudhir , Gupta Sudeep , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Badwe Rajendra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionIndia contributes two‐thirds of the global mortality due to oral cancer and has a younger population at risk. The societal costs of this premature mortality are barely discussed.MethodsUsing the human capital approach, we aimed to estimate the productivity lost due to premature mortality, valued using individual socioeconomic data, related to oral cancer in India. A bottom‐up approach was used to prospectively collect data of 100 consecutive patients with oral cancer treated between 2019 and 2020, with a follow‐up of 36 months.ResultsThe disease‐specific survival for early and advanced stage was 85% and 70%, with a median age of 47 years. With 671 years lost prematurely, the loss of productivity was $41 900/early and $96 044/advanced stage. Based on population level rates, the total cost of premature mortality was $5.6 billion, representing 0.18% of GDP.ConclusionIndia needs to implement tailored strategies to reduce the economic burden from premature mortality.
The 10‐year cardiovascular risk of physicians estimated by the Thai CV risk score and its association with current coronary artery disease: A retrospective study
Authors: Tangjitgamol Siriwan , Udayachalerm Wasan , Panyarachun Sureerat , Wanishsawad Chad , Kaewwanna Watcharagan , Manusirivithaya Sumonmal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsTo assess the 10‐year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Thai physicians. The risk compared to the general population and their relationship with the current coronary artery disease (CAD) were also examined.MethodsThis retrospective study collected data of Thai physicians who underwent cardiovascular assessments between February 14, 2022, and October 31, 2022. The CVD risk was calculated using the Thai CVD risk (TCVR) score, which incorporated variables of age, gender, smoking, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Additional collected data included family history of CAD, weekly work hours, fiber diet, exercise, body mass index, coronary artery calcium (CAC) score, and presence of CAD. The association between the risk levels with presence of CAD and clinical features including CAC score were analyzed.ResultsOf 1225 physicians, the risk for CVD development was categorized as low in 80.0%, moderate in 11.2%, high in 4.9%, and very high in 3.9%. Among these, 33.6% were found to have higher relative risk compared to the general population of the same age and gender. The overall prevalence of CAD was 11.2%. This prevalence was escalated by risk or relative risk groups: 4.9% in low‐, 33.8% in moderate‐, 35.1% in high‐, and 46.8% in very high‐risk groups or 7.2% in lower risk, 8.0% the same risk, and 18.4% higher relative risk groups.ConclusionsApproximately, 20% of Thai physicians in the study exhibited a moderate to very high 10‐year risk of CVD. Furthermore, 33.6% of the physicians had higher risk than individuals of the same age and gender in the general population. The prevalence of CAD increased with higher CVD risk and higher relative risk.
Comparing long‐term outcomes of septal myectomy and mitral valve replacement in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients: A retrospective cohort study in Iran
Authors: Ayati Aryan , Khoshfetrat Mehran , Davoodi Saeed , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Hossein , Arefizadeh Reza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects millions of individuals worldwide. In severe cases, it can cause life‐threatening conditions such as left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction, mitral regurgitation (MR), and sudden cardiac death, making surgical treatment necessary. This study aimed to report the long‐term outcomes of HCM patients undergoing septal myectomy or mitral valve replacement (MVR) and compare the results between different types of surgeries.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study on HCM patients who underwent surgical treatment in an Iranian referral center between 2005 and 2021. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type of surgery received: septal myectomy, MVR, or a combination of both surgeries. Patient characteristics, surgical and echocardiographic features, and in‐hospital and long‐term outcomes were reported and compared between the three groups.ResultsA total of 102 patients with an average age of 53.3 ± 16.9 were included. Twenty‐six patients had septal myectomy, 23 had MVR, and 53 had combined septal myectomy and MVR surgery. All surgeries were associated with a significant reduction in interventricular septum thickness and LVOT gradients. After a median of 6.8‐year follow‐up time, patients with an isolated septal myectomy had significantly lower mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events rates than the other groups.ConclusionIsolated septal myectomy showed better long‐term survival rates and can correct HCM‐related MR, while MVR should be preserved only for intrinsic valve defects. More extensive studies are needed to confirm these findings and achieve a comprehensive guideline on surgical treatment of HCM.
Disparities in the prevalence of suicidal ideation according to oral contraceptive pill use among US women: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gawronska Julia , Cao Chao , Wang Ruixuan , Keon Yon Dong , Rahmati Masoud , Jewiss Matthew , Smith Lee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe relationship between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and suicidal ideation remains unclear. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among US women and evaluate their associates overall and according to OCP use status.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005−2012 were used to calculate the prevalence and associates of suicidal ideation in women using OCP. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9. Overall and OCP‐specific weighted prevalence of suicidal ideation were estimated. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate overall and OCP‐specific associates.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal ideation was 3.6% with no evident disparity between OCP groups, suggesting that OCP use is not associated with increased prevalence of suicidal ideation. Smoking was inversely associated with suicidal ideation in the former users of OCP. In the overall population, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was greater in those who were: Black or Hispanic, smoking, taking antidepressants, those with lower educational attainment, and women with low and middle income.ConclusionOur findings suggest that OCP use was not associated with increased prevalence of suicidal ideation. Unique associates were identified among different OCP groups.