bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone and its metabolite oxyphenbutazone in miniature donkeys
Authors: Matthews Nora S. , Peck Kenneth E. , Taylor Tex S. , Mealey Katrina L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone after IV administration in miniature donkeys.Animals—6 clinically normal miniature donkeys.Procedure—Blood samples were collected before and 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, and 480 minutes after IV administration of phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg of body weight). Serum was analyzed in triplicate by use of high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone concentrations. The serum concentration-time curve for each donkey was analyzed separately to estimate model-independent pharmacokinetic variables.Results—Serum concentrations decreased rapidly after IV administration of phenylbutazone, and they reached undetectable concentrations within 4 hours. Values for mean residence time ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 hours (median, 1.1 hour), whereas total body clearance ranged from 4.2 to 7.5 ml/kg/ min (mean, 5.8 ml/kg/ min). Oxyphenbutazone appeared rapidly in the serum; time to peak concentration ranged from 13 to 41 minutes (mean, 26.4 minutes), and peak concentration in serum ranged from 2.8 to 4.0 mg/ml (mean, 3.5 μg/ml).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Clearance of phenylbutazone in miniature donkeys after injection of a single dose (4.4 mg/kg, IV) is rapid. Compared with horses, miniature donkeys may require more frequent administration of phenylbutazone to achieve therapeutic efficacy. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:673–675)
Experimental deer-to-deer transmission of Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Whipple Diana L. , Waters W. Ray 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whetherMycobacterium boviscan be transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer.Animals—Twenty-three 6-month-old white-tailed deer.Procedure—On day 0,M bovis(2 × 108colony-forming units) was administered by intratonsillar instillation to 8 deer; 3 control deer received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Eight in-contact deer were comingled with inoculated deer from day 21. On day 120, inoculated deer were euthanatized and necropsied. On day 180, 4 in-contact deer were euthanatized, and 4 new incontact deer were introduced. On day 360, all in-contact deer were euthanatized. Rectal, oral, and nasal swab specimens and samples of hay, pelleted feed, water, and feces were collected for bacteriologic culture. Tissue specimens were also collected at necropsy for bacteriologic culture and histologic analysis.Results—On day 90, inoculated and in-contact deer developed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to purified protein derivative ofM bovis. Similarly, new in-contact deer developed DTH reactions by 100 days of contact with original in-contact deer. Tuberculous lesions in in-contact deer were most commonly detected in lungs and tracheobronchial and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes.Mycobacterium boviswas isolated from nasal secretions and saliva from inoculated and in-contact deer, urine and feces from in-contact deer, and hay and pelleted feed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mycobacterium bovisis efficiently transmitted from experimentally infected deer to uninfected in-contact deer through nasal secretions, saliva, or contaminated feed. Wildlife management practices that result in unnatural gatherings of deer may enhance both direct and indirect transmission ofM bovis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:692–696)
Prevalence and prognostic importance of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia in horses that have colic surgery
Authors: Garcia-Lopez Jose M. , Provost Patricia J. , Rush John E. , Zicker Steven C. , Burmaster Holly , Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia in horses with surgical colic.Animals—35 horses with surgically managed colic.Procedure—Serum concentrations of total magnesium (tMg2+) and calcium (tCa2+), as well as ionized magnesium (iMg2+) and calcium (iCa2+) were analyzed before surgery and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days following surgery. A lead-II ECG and pertinent clinical data were also obtained at each time.Results—Preoperative serum tMg2+and iMg2+concentrations were below the reference range in 6 (17%) and 19 (54%) horses, respectively. Serum concentrations of tCa2+and iCa2+were less than the reference range in 20 (57%) and 30 (86%) horses before surgery. Horses with strangulating lesions of the gastrointestinal tract had significantly lower preoperative serum concentrations of iMg2+and iCa2+, as well as a higher heart rate than horses with nonstrangulating lesions. Horses that developed postoperative ileus had significantly lower serum concentrations of iMg2+after surgery. Serum concentrations of magnesium and calcium (total and ionized) correlated significantly with the PR, QRS, QT, and corrected QT (QTc) intervals. Horses that were euthanatized at the time of surgery (n = 7) had significantly lower preoperative serum concentrations of iMg2+, compared with horses that survived. Neither serum magnesium nor calcium concentrations were predictors of hospitalization time or survival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia were common during the perioperative period, particularly in horses with strangulating intestinal lesions and ileus. Serum concentrations of tMg2+and tCa2+were less sensitive than iMg2+and iCa2+in detecting horses with hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:7-12)
Serologic evaluation, efficacy, and safety of a commercial modified-live canine distemper vaccine in domestic ferrets
Authors: Wimsatt Jeffrey , Jay Michele T. , Innes Kim E. , Jessen Michael , Collins James K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine efficacy and safety of a
commercial modified-live canine distemper virus
(CDV) vaccine used for prophylaxis in domestic ferrets.

Animals—Sixteen 16-week-old neutered male ferrets.

Procedures— Equal groups of ferrets were inoculated
subcutaneously at 16 and 20 weeks of age with
saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or a vaccine derived from
the Onderstepoort CDV strain and attenuated in a primate
cell line. Live virulent CDV was administered to
all ferrets intranasally and orally 3 weeks after the second
inoculation. Clinical signs and body weights were
monitored regularly during the study. Blood samples
for serologic examination were drawn prior to each
inoculation, before challenge exposure, and 10, 15,
and 21 days after exposure. Blood samples for
reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
were obtained 5 days after the first vaccination,
and 5, 10, 15, and 21 days after challenge exposure.

Results—After challenge exposure, control ferrets
had significantly more clinical signs and weight loss,
compared with vaccinates. All vaccinated ferrets survived,
whereas all control ferrets died. The RT-PCR
assay was successful in detecting CDV in blood and
fresh or formalin-fixed tissues from infected ferrets.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest
that the vaccine when given SC to domestic ferrets
as directed is safe and protective against challenge
exposure with virulent CDV. The RT-PCR assay
may simplify detection of CDV in fresh and fixed tissues.
(Am J Vet Res 2001;62:736–740)
Effect of a tongue-tie on upper airway mechanics in horses during exercise
Authors: Cornelisse Cornelis J. , Holcombe Susan J. , Derksen Frederik J. , Berney Cathy , Jackson Cynthia A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of a tongue-tie on upper airway mechanics in exercising horses.Animals—5 Standardbreds.Procedure—Peak inspiratory and expiratory tracheal and pharyngeal pressures and airflow were measured while horses exercised on a treadmill with and without a tongue-tie. Respiratory rate was also measured. Horses ran at speeds that corresponded to 50 (HR50), 75, 90 (HR90), and 100% of maximal heart rate. The tongue-tie was applied by pulling the tongue forward out of the mouth as far as possible and tying it at the level of the base of the frenulum to the mandible with an elastic gauze bandage. Peak inspiratory and expiratory tracheal, pharyngeal, and translaryngeal resistance, minute ventilation, and tidal volume were calculated. Data were analyzed by use of 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA. For post hoc comparison of significant data, the Student-Newman- Keuls test was used.Results—We were unable to detect significant differences between groups for peak inspiratory or expiratory tracheal or pharyngeal resistance, peak pressure, peak expiratory flow, tidal volume, respiratory rate, or minute ventilation. Horses that ran with a tongue-tie had significantly higher peak inspiratory flows, compared with horses that ran without a tongue-tie. In the post hoc comparison, this effect was significant at 4 m/s, HR50, and HR90.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Application of a tongue-tie did not alter upper respiratory mechanics in exercising horses and may be beneficial in exercising horses with certain types of obstructive dysfunction of the upper airways. However, application of a tongue-tie does not improve upper airway mechanics in clinically normal horses. (Am J Vet Res2001; 62:775-778)
Effect of a tongue-tie on upper airway mechanics during exercise following sternothyrohyoid myectomy in clinically normal horses
Authors: Beard Warren L. , Holcombe Susan J. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of a tongue-tie on upper airway mechanics in clinically normal horses exercising on a treadmill following sternothyrohyoid myectomy.Animals—6 Standardbreds.Procedure—Upper airway mechanics were measured with horses exercising on a treadmill at 5, 8, and 10 m/s 4 weeks after a sternothyrohyoid myectomy was performed. Pharyngeal and tracheal inspiratory and expiratory pressures were measured by use of transnasal pharyngeal and tracheal catheters connected to differential pressure transducers. Horses were fitted with a facemask and airflow was measured by use of a pneumotachograph. Horses underwent a standardized exercise protocol on a treadmill at 5, 8, and 10 m/s with and without a tongue-tie in a randomized cross-over design. Inspiratory and expiratory airflow, tracheal pressure, and pharyngeal pressure were measured, and inspiratory and expiratory resistances were calculated.Results—We were unable to detect an effect of a tongue-tie on any of the respiratory variables measured.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that a tongue-tie does not alter upper airway mechanics following sternothyrohyoid myectomy in clinically normal horses during exercise. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:779–782)
Effects of long-term administration of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-α on glucose metabolism and growth hormone secretion in steers
Authors: Kushibiki Shiro , Hodate Koichi , Shingu Hiroyuki , Ueda Yasuko , Mori Yasuyuki , Itoh Takashi , Yokomizo Yuichi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate the effects of long-term administration of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-α (rbTNF) on plasma glucose and growth hormone concentrations, and to determine whether treatment with rbTNF causes insulin resistance in steers.Animals—5 steers treated with rbTNF and 5 steers treated with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control).Procedures—In experiment 1, rbTNF (5.0 μg/kg of body weight) or saline solution (5 ml) was administered SC daily for 12 days. Blood samples were obtained before treatment, and plasma was harvested for determination of glucose, insulin, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations. In experiment 2, insulin, glucose, or growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was administered IV on days 7, 9, and 11, respectively, after initiation of rbTNF or saline treatment in experiment 1. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured before and at various times for 4 hours after insulin or glucose administration. Plasma GH concentrations were measured at various times for 3 hours after GHRH administration.Results—In experiment 1, administration of rbTNF resulted in hyperinsulinemia without hypoglycemia and decreased plasma GH concentrations. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentrations were higher in steers treated with rbTNF and insulin than in controls. Plasma GH concentrations were lower in steers treated with rbTNF and GHRH than in controls.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prolonged treatment with rbTNF induced insulin resistance and inhibited GHRH-stimulated release of GH in steers. Results indicate that rbTNF is a proximal mediator of insulin resistance and inhibits release of GH during periods of endotoxemia or infection. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:794–798)
Development of the refractive state in eyes of ostrich chicks (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Ofri Ron , Millodot Susan , Shimoni Ronnie , Horowitz Igal H. , Ashash Ehud , Millodot Michel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To follow the development of the refractive error in the eyes of ostrich chicks from age 0 to day 37 after hatching.Animals—35 ostrich chicks.Procedures—Spot retinoscopy was conducted to assess refractive error in ostrich chicks. Seventy eyes of 35 ostrich chicks were examined. Of these, 18 chicks were followed over time. At least 4 serial measurements (at 2- to 7- day intervals) were conducted in each of these chicks from day 1 to 37 after hatching. Seventeen additional chicks were examined on days 0, 3, 12, and 19 after hatching.Results—Ostrich chicks were myopic at hatching, with a mean ± SD refractive error of −4.47 ± 0.15 diopters (D). The refractive error rapidly decreased during the first week of life, and by day 7 after hatching, chicks were slightly hyperopic, with a mean refractive error of 0.42 ± 0.12 D. After day 7, there were no significant differences in the mean refractive error.Conclusions—The development of optics in the ostrich eye appears to be unique among animals and is characterized by myopia at hatching, rapid onset of emmetropia, and minimal variation in refractive error among chicks. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:812–815)
Evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from vaccine site-associated sarcomas of cats for polyomavirus DNA and antigen
Authors: Kidney Beverly A. , Haines Deborah M. , Ellis John A. , Burnham Micheline L. , Jackson Marion L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether vaccine site-associated sarcomas (VSS) from cats contain polyomavirus antigen or DNA.Sample Population—50 formalin-fixed paraffinembedded tissue blocks of VSS from cats.Procedure—Sections from each tissue block were evaluated for polyomavirus antigen by use of an avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical staining method, using rabbit anti-murine polyomavirus polyclonal antiserum as the primary antibody. The DNA was extracted from sections of each tissue block, and a polymerase chain reaction assay was performed, using primers designed to amplify regions of the bovine polyomavirus genome and consensus polyomavirus primers designed to detect unknown polyomaviruses.Results—Polyomavirus antigen and DNA were not detected in any of the VSS.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that polyomaviruses likely do not have any direct involvement in the pathogenesis of VSS in cats. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:828–832)
Evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from vaccine site-associated sarcomas of cats for papillomavirus DNA and antigen
Authors: Kidney Beverly A. , Haines Deborah M. , Ellis John A. , Burnham Micheline L. , Teifke Jens P. , Czerwinski Gabriele , Jackson Marion L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether vaccine site-associated sarcomas (VSS) from cats contain papillomavirus antigen or DNA.Sample Population—50 formalin-fixed paraffinembedded tissue blocks of VSS from cats.Procedure—Sections from each tissue block were evaluated for papillomavirus antigen by use of an avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemical staining method, using rabbit anti-bovine papillomavirus type-1 antibody. The DNA was extracted from sections of each tissue block, and polymerase chain reaction assays were performed, using primers designed to amplify regions of the E5 gene of bovine papillomavirus and consensus primers designed to amplify a region of the L1 gene of animal papillomaviruses. Sections from 20 of the tissue blocks were evaluated by use of nonradioactive in situ hybridization for bovine papillomavirus DNA.Results—Papillomavirus antigen and DNA were not detected in any of the VSS.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that papillomaviruses likely do not have any direct involvement in the pathogenesis of VSS in cats. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:833–839)
Lectin binding patterns of uterine glands in mares with chronic endometrial degeneration
Authors: Walter Ingrid , Klein Michaela , Handler Johannes , Aurich Jörg E. , Reifinger Martin , Aurich Christine 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate changes of glycoconjugate in uterine glands of endometrial tissues obtained from mares.Animals—50 adult mares.Procedure—Uterine biopsy samples were collected during the breeding season and analyzed histologically for signs of chronic endometrial degeneration. Stage of the estrous cycle was established, using clinical examination and determination of hormonal status. Uterine tissue samples were analyzed, using lectin histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques (estrogen and progesterone receptors). Connective tissues were stained to determine alterations of ground substance in periglandular fibrosis.Results—Of 50 mares, 30 (60%) were classified as normal or having modest alterations, and 20 (40%) were classified as having moderate or severe endometrial degeneration. In normal equine endometrium, several lectins (Helix pomatiaagglutinin,Lotus tetragonolobusagglutinin,Ricinus communis Iagglutinin,Ulex europaeusagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin) bound to glycoconjugates of the luminal epithelium and openings of uterine glands. Lectin binding patterns of cystic dilated glands or fibrotic glands in endometrial samples were remarkably strong, whereas normal surrounding cells remained unstained.Lotus tetragonolobuslectin was not suitable for detecting endometrial alterations. Connective tissues stained with Alcian blue and results of Hale colloidal-iron binding revealed acidic ground substance in periglandular fibrosis. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were evenly distributed in healthy and affected endometrial samples.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Glycoconjugate patterns of uterine glands were altered in mares with chronic endometrial degeneration. Therefore, uterine secretions are likely to be altered. These changes are not induced by changes in content of estrogen and progesterone receptors in endometrial tissues. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:840–845)
Effects of topical application of a 2% solution of dorzolamide on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Cawrse Margaret A. , Ward Daniel A. , Hendrix Diane V. H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of topical application of a 2% solution of dorzolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs.Animals—15 Beagles.Procedure—The IOP was measured in both eyes of all dogs for 3 days to determine baseline values. In a single-dose study, 50 μl of dorzolamide or control solution was applied in both eyes at 7:00 AM, and IOP was measured 7 times/d. In a multiple-dose study, dorzolamide or control solution was applied to both eyes 3 times/d for 6 days, and IOP was measured 4 times/d during treatment and for 5 days after cessation of treatment. Aqueous humor flow rate was measured for all dogs fluorophotometrically prior to treatment and during the multiple-dose study.Results—In the single-dose study, dorzolamide significantly decreased IOP from 30 minutes to 6 hours after treatment. Mean decrease in IOP during this time span was 3.1 mm Hg (18.2%). Maximal decrease was detected 6 hours after treatment (3.8 mm Hg, 22.5%). In the multiple-dose study, dorzolamide decreased IOP at all time points, and maximal decrease was detected 3 hours after treatment (4.1 mm Hg, 24.3%). Mean aqueous humor flow rate decreased from 5.9 to 3.4 μl/min (43%) after treatment in the dorzolamide group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Topical application of a 2% solution of dorzolamide significantly decreases IOP and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs. Therefore, topical administration of dorzolamide should be considered for the medical management of dogs with glaucoma. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:859–863)
A rapid and strong laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in dogs
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Foutz Tim L. , Mahaffey Mary B. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Bement Shannon , Canalis Chanda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a technique for laparoscopic gastropexy in dogs and evaluate effects on stomach position and strength of the adhesion between the stomach and abdominal wall.Animals—8 healthy dogs.Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized, and the abdomen was insufflated with carbon dioxide. A laparoscope was placed through a cannula inserted on the abdominal midline caudal to the umbilicus. Babcock forceps placed through a cannula inserted lateral to the right margin of the rectus abdominus muscle were used to exteriorize the pyloric antrum, a longitudinal incision was made through the serosa and muscular layer of the pyloric antrum, and the seromuscular layer of the pyloric antrum was sutured to the transversus abdominus muscle. After surgery, positive-contrast gastrography was used to evaluate stomach position and the onset of gastric emptying, and ultrasonography was used to assess stomach wall activity and mobility. Dogs were euthanatized 1 month after surgery, and tensile strength of the adhesion was tested.Results—In all dogs, stomach position and the onset of gastric emptying were normal 25 days after surgery, and the pyloric antrum was firmly attached to the abdominal wall 30 days after surgery. Mean ± SD ultimate load of the adhesion in tension was 106.5 ± 45.6 N.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The laparoscopic gastropexy technique described in the present study could be performed quickly and easily by an experienced surgeon, resulted in a strong fibrous adhesion between the stomach and abdominal wall, and appeared to cause minimal stress to the dogs. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:871–875)