bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphatic transport in rats of interesterified oils containing conjugated linoleic acids
Authors: Straarup Ellen Marie , Porsgaard Trine , Mu Huiling , Hansen Christina H. , Høy Carl‐Erik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study we examined the lymphatic transport in rats of FA after administration of interesterified oils containing CLA, with emphasis on the location of CLA and octanoic acid in the TAG. The oils were produced by enzymatic interesterification. Eight oils with different structures or FA profiles were examined in this study: MCM, CMC, OCO, and COC, where M was expected to be octanoic acid and O oleic acid. In group 1, C was CLA as a mixture of the two CLA isomers c9, t11 or t10,c12, and in group 2, C was mainly the isomer t10,c12. Rats were subjected to cannulation of the mesenteric lymph duct, and the following day they were intragastrically administered one of the oils and lymph samples were collected for 24 h. The lymphatic transport of total FA from 0 to 8 h in group 1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher for the OCO‐1 and the COC‐1 oils than for the CMC‐1 oil. Similarly, in group 2 the transport was higher for the OCO‐2 oil than for the CMC‐2 oil. The recovery of both of the CLA isomers examined was similar (50–70%) and independent of the isomer, oil structure, and FA profile, whereas more octanoic acid was recovered from the CMC oils than from the MCM oils. The results indicated that the FA profiles and the position of octanoic acid had only a minor influence on the absorption of CLA.
Changes of the transcriptional and fatty acid profiles in response to n−3 fatty acids in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Langelier Bénédicte , Alessandri Jean‐Marc , Perruchot Marie‐Hélène , Guesnet Philippe , Lavialle Monique 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from its metabolic precursors contributes to membrane incorporation of this FA within the central nervous system. Although cultured neural cells are able to produce DHA, the membrane DHA contents resulting from metabolic conversion do not match the high values of those resulting from supplementation with preformed DHA. We have examined whether the DHA precursors downregulate the incorporation of newly formed DHA within human neuroblastoma cells. SH‐SY5Y cells were incubated with gradual doses of α‐linolenic acid (α‐LNA), EPA, or docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and the incorporation of DHA into ethanolamine glycerophospholipids was analyzed as a reflection of synthesizing activity. The incorporation of EPA, DPA, and preformed DHA followed a dose‐response saturating curve, whereas that of DHA synthesized either from α‐LNA, EPA, or DPA peaked at concentrations of precursors below 15–30 μM and sharply decreased with higher doses. The mRNA encoding for six FA metabolism genes were quantified using real‐time PCR. Two enzymes of the peroxisomal β‐oxidation, L‐bifunctional protein and peroxisomal acyl‐CoA oxidase, were expressed at lower levels than fatty acyl‐CoA ligase 3 (FACL3) and Δ6‐desaturase (Δ6‐D). The Δ6‐D mRNA slightly increased between 16 and 48 h of culture, and this effect was abolished in the presence of 70 μM EPA. In contrast, the EPA treatment resulted in a time‐dependent increase of FACL3 mRNA. The terminal step of DHA synthesis seems to form a “metabolic bottleneck,” resulting in accretion of EPA and DPA when the precursor concentration exceeds a specific threshold value. We conclude that the critical precursor‐concentration window of responsiveness may originate from the low basal expression level of peroxisomal enzymes.
Dietary effect of a symmetrical triacylglycerol, 1,3‐biseicosapentaenoyl‐2‐γ‐linolenoyl glycerol, on fatty acid composition of guinea pigs
Authors: Ohba S. , Akahane N. , Wakabayashi T. , Nakahara T. , Yokochi T. , Yanagi K. , Ohshima N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dietary effect of 1,3‐biseicosapentaenoyl‐2‐γ‐linolenoyl glycerol (STG) on the fatty acid composition of guinea pigs was examined and compared with that of an eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA‐F) and of a soybean oil (SBO) diet. In terms of content of plasma lipid, EPA‐E had a greater hypolipidemic effect than STG. On the other hand, in terms of EPA incorporation, contents of EPA in liver lipid were almost the same in the STG and EPA‐E groups. Considering that the amount of EPA administered in the EPA‐E group was almost 1.5 times that of the STG group, FPA may be absorbed more effectively as the glycerol ester than as the ethyl ester in guinea pigs. In all the tissue lipids, the STG group had a higher unsaturation index (UI) than the EPA‐E group even though there is a lower UI in the STG diet than the EPA‐E diet. These results suggest that greater amounts of desaturase products as a whole were synthesized in the STG group than in the other two groups. The dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid/arachidonic acid (DGLA/AA) ratio in plasma total lipids in the STG group was 3.5 times that of SBO group, and the DGLA/AA ratio in the EPA‐E group was half that of the SBO group. In liver lipid, the ratios of DGLA/AA and EPA/AA in the STG group were 0.687 and 0.488 (phosphatidylcholine fraction) and 0.237 and 0.752 (phosphatidylethanolamine fraction), respectively. The ratio of DGLA/AA as well as the high EPA/AA ratio obtained in the present study with the STG diet may lead to physiological alterations, including enhanced synthesis of 1‐and 3‐series eicosanoids.
Sesamol as an inhibitor of growth and lipid metabolism in Mucor circinelloides via its action on malic enzyme
Authors: Wynn James P. , Kendrick Andrew , Ratledge Colin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSesamol, a nonoil component of sesame seed oil, inhibited growth, fatty acid synthesis, and desaturation by Mucor circinelloides in vivo. Although sesamol also inhibited the growth of other fungi and yeasts, its effect on the lipid metabolism of M. circinelloides was exceptional. An enzymological study demonstrated that sesamol affected lipid synthesis primarily by the inhibition of malic enzyme activity, thereby limiting the NADPH supply for fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. Sesamol itself had no inhibitory effect on malic enzyme activity in vitro. A metabolite of sesamol is therefore probably responsible for the in vivo effects of sesamol on lipid metabolism.
Modification of odd‐chain length unsaturated fatty acids by hepatocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets containing fish oil or olive oil
Authors: Rodríguez C. , Henderson R. J. , Porter A. E. A. , Dick J. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHepatocytes isolated from rainbow trout fed on diets containing either fish oil or olive oil were incubated with individual odd‐chain length unsaturated fatty acids (19∶1n−9, 19∶2n−6, 19∶3n−3, 21∶2n−6, 21∶3n−6, 21∶4n−6, 21∶3n−3, and 21∶5n−3) to examine whether these fatty acids were substrates for modification by desaturation and elongation. All odd‐chain length fatty acids were readily assimilated into the lipids of hepatocytes from both dietary groups of fish, but their conversion to longer‐chain, more unsaturated derivatives was more pronounced with cells from trout fed olive oil. Thus, the conversion of 19∶2n−6 and 21∶2n−6 to 21∶3n−6 and 21∶4n−6, and of 19∶3n−3 to 21∶4n−3 and 21∶5n−3, was most obvious in cells from the olive oil group, as was the conversion of 21∶3n−6 and 21∶3n−3 to 21∶4n−6 and 21∶4n−3, respectively. Elongation of 19∶1n−9 to 21∶1n−9 and 23∶1n−9 occurred in cells from both groups. No 23∶6n−3 was detectable as a product of 19∶3n−3 or 21∶3n−3. However, this fatty acid was a major product formed by cells from fish fed olive oil presented with 21∶5n−3. Cells from both groups of fish incorporated 21∶4n−6 and 21∶5n−3 into their lipids largely without modification but chain‐shortened around 40, 23, and 19% of the incorporated 21∶2n−6, 21∶3n−3, and 19∶1n−9, respectively. The results demonstrate that odd‐chain length unsaturated fatty acids can act as substrates for the desaturation, elongation, and chain‐shortening systems of trout hepatocytes.
Noninvasive characterization of neonatal adipose tissue by 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Thomas E. L. , Hanrahan J. D. , Ala‐Korpela M. , Jenkinson G. , Azzopardi D. , Iles R. A. , Bell J. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn vivo13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was applied noninvasively to analyze the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in 21 full‐term newborn infants and 6 mothers. In order to assess the effects of gestational and postnatal age on adipose tissue composition, we studied preterm infants at birth, term infants at the ages of 6 wk and at 6 mon. We also investigated the influence of maternal diet on infant adipose tissue composition by studying the breast‐fed infants of women who maintained either an omnivore or a vegan diet. Significant differences were observed in adipose tissue composition of neonates compared with their mothers. Neonates had more saturated and less unsaturated fatty acids than their mothers (P<0.01). We also observed changes in adipose tissue composition with maturity. From birth to 6 wk of age 13C MR spectra showed a significant increase in the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.01). Similarly, differences were seen as a result of gestational age. Preterm infants had relatively fewer unsaturated fatty acids than full‐term infants. A greater proportion of these unsaturated fatty acids were polyunsaturated. Our results demonstrate that 13C MRS can be utilized to assess noninvasively neonatal adipose tissue lipid composition and to monitor the effects of developmental changes due to gestational age and oral feeding.
A new lipid from an australian marine sponge, Callyspongia sp
Authors: Urban Sylvia , Capon Robert J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA specimen of the sponge Callyspongia sp. collected off the coast of New South Wales, Australia, has yielded the novel lipid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)‐1,6,9,12,15‐octadecapenten‐3‐one, together with (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z)‐4,7,10,13‐hexadecatetraenoic acid.
Gas‐liquid chromatographic properties of positional isomers of methyl thia, selena, and tellura laurate analogs
Authors: Lie Ken Jie Marcel S. F. , Bakare O. , Cheung Y. K. , Chau S. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGas‐liquid chromatographic analyses of three complete series of synthetic positional isomers of methyl thia, selena, and tellura laurate analogs were carried on a nonpolar (SE‐30) and a polar (SP‐2330) stationary phase. The average ECL (equivalent chain length) values of the thia, selena, and tellura laurate on SE‐30 stationary phase were 13.8, 14,8, and 15.7, respectively, while on SP‐2330 the average values for the same series were 17.1, 19.0, and 19.1, respectively. Positional isomers with the heteroatom at the 2‐position exhibited the lowest ECL values, while those with the heteroatom at the ω‐1 position gave the highes ECL values and were readily separated from the other positional isomers of the same series of analogs by this technique.
Biomimetic Catalysis for Hemicellulose Hydrolysis in Corn Stover
Authors: Lu Yulin , Mosier Nathan S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEfficient and economical hydrolysis of plant cell wall polysaccharides into monomeric sugars is a significant technical hurdle in biomass processing for renewable fuels and chemicals. One possible approach to overcoming this hurdle is a biomimetic approach with dicarboxylic acid catalyst mimicking the catalytic core microenvironment in natural enzymes. This paper reports developments in the use of a dicarboxylic acid catalyst, maleic acid, for hemicellulose hydrolysis in corn stover. Hemicellulose hydrolysis and xylose degradation kinetics in the presence of maleic acid was compared to sulfuric acid. At optimized reaction conditions for each acid, maleic acid hydrolysis results in minimal xylose degradation, whereas sulfuric acid causes 3–10 times more xylose degradation. These results formed the basis for optimizing the hydrolysis of hemicellulose from corn stover using maleic acid. At 40 g/L dry corn stover solid‐loading, both acid catalysts can achieve near‐quantitative monomeric xylose yield. At higher solids loadings (150–200 g dry stover per liter), sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis results in more than 30% degradation of the xylose, even under the previously reported optimal condition. However, as a result of minimized xylose degradation, optimized biomimetic hydrolysis of hemicellulose by maleic acid can reach ∼95% monomeric xylose yields with trace amounts of furfural. Fermentation of the resulting unconditioned hydrolysate by recombinant S. cerevisiae results in 87% of theoretical ethanol yield. Enzyme digestibility experiments on the residual corn stover solids show that >90% yields of glucose can be produced in 160 h from the remaining cellulose with cellulases (15 FPU/g‐glucan).
Detecting protein dissimilarities in multiple alignments using Bayesian variable selection
Authors: Kim Sinae , Tsai Jerry , Kagiampakis Ioannis , LiWang Patricia , Vannucci Marina 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: We present an application of Bayesian variable selection to the novel detection of sequence elements that confer negative design to protein structure and function. As an illustration, we analyze the different dimer interfaces between the CXCL8 chemokine family with the CCL4 and CCL2 chemokine families to discover the changes that disfavor CXCL8 of quaternary structure.Results: In comparison with known experimental results, our method identifies evolutionarily conserved sequence changes in the CC families that inhibit CXCL8 quaternary structure. Therefore, we find positive selection of negative design elements. Furthermore, our approach predicts that a two-residue deletion conserved in the CCL4 chemokine family disfavors CXCL8 dimerization.Availability: The Matlab code for the Bayesian variable selection is freely available atContact: mvannucci@stat.tamu.edu
Reliable prediction of Drosha processing sites improves microRNA gene prediction
Authors: Helvik Snorre A. , Snøve Ola , Sætrom Pål 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are processed from long hairpin transcripts. Even though it is only the first of several steps, the initial Drosha processing defines the mature product and is characteristic for all miRNA genes. Methods that can separate between true and false processing sites are therefore essential to miRNA gene discovery.Results: We present a classifier that predicts 5′ Drosha processing sites in hairpins that are candidate miRNAs. The classifier, called Microprocessor SVM, correctly predicts the processing site for 50% of known human 5′ miRNAs, and 90% of its predictions are within two nucleotides of the true site. Another classifier that is trained on the output from the Microprocessor SVM outperforms existing methods for prediction of unconserved miRNAs. Reanalysis of characteristics and supporting evidence for a set of newly annotated miRNAs shows that some miRNAs may be misannotated. This suggests that expressed hairpins should not be annotated as miRNAs until they are verified to be Drosha and Dicer substrates.Availability: The classifiers are publicly available atContact: paal.saetrom@interagon.comSupplementary information: Supplementary data is available at Bioinformatics online.
Complementary intron sequence motifs associated with human exon repetition: a role for intragenic, inter-transcript interactions in gene expression
Authors: Dixon Richard J. , Eperon Ian C. , Samani Nilesh J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Exon repetition describes the presence of tandemly repeated exons in mRNA in the absence of duplications in the genome. The regulation of this process is not fully understood. We therefore investigated the entire flanking intronic sequences of exons involved in exon repetition for common sequence elements.Results: A computational analysis of 48 human single exon repetition events identified two common sequence motifs. One of these motifs is pyrimidine-rich and is more common in the upstream intron, whilst the other motif is highly enriched in purines and is more common in the downstream intron. As the two motifs are complementary to each other, they support a model by which exon repetition occurs as a result of trans-splicing between separate pre-mRNA transcripts from the same gene that are brought together during transcription by complementary intronic sequences. The majority of the motif instances overlap with the locations of mobile elements such as Alu elements. We explore the potential importance of complementary intron sequences in a rat gene that undertakes natural exon repetition in a strain specific manner. The possibility that distant complementary sequences can stimulate inter-transcript splicing during transcription suggests an unsuspected new role for potential secondary structures in endogenous genes.Availability:Contact: rd67@le.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ki26894, a novel transforming growth factor‐β type I receptor kinase inhibitor, inhibits in vitro invasion and in vivo bone metastasis of a human breast cancer cell line
Authors: Ehata Shogo , Hanyu Aki , Fujime Makoto , Katsuno Yoko , Fukunaga Erina , Goto Kouichiro , Ishikawa Yuichi , Nomura Kimie , Yokoo Hiroshi , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Ogata Etsuro , Miyazono Kohei , Shimizu Kiyoshi , Imamura Takeshi 
Published: November 2006

Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling has been shown to promote tumor growth and metastasis in advanced cancer. Use of inhibitors of TGF‐β signaling may thus be a novel strategy for treatment of patients with such cancers. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel TGF‐β type I receptor (TβR‐I) kinase inhibitor, Ki26894, on bone metastasis of a highly bone‐metastatic variant of human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells, termed MDA‐MB‐231–5a‐D (MDA‐231‐D). Ki26894 blocked TGF‐β signaling in MDA‐231‐D cells, as detected by suppression of phosphorylation of Smad2 and inhibition of TGF‐β‐responsive reporter activity. Moreover, Ki26894 decreased the motility and the invasion of MDA‐231‐D cells induced by TGF‐βin vitro. Ki26894 also suppressed transcription of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP), and interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) mRNA of MDA‐231‐D cells, which were stimulated by TGF‐β. X‐ray radiography revealed that systemic Ki26894 treatment initiated 1 day before the inoculation of MDA‐231‐D cells into the left ventricle of BALB/c nu/nu female mice resulted in decreased bone metastasis of breast cancer cells. Moreover, Ki26894 prolonged the survival of mice inoculated with MDA‐231‐D cells compared to vehicle‐treated mice. These findings suggest that TβR‐I kinase inhibitors such as Ki26894 may be useful for blocking the progression of advanced cancers. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 127–133)
Diabetes Induces Rapid Suppression of Adaptive Immunity Followed by Homeostatic T‐cell Proliferation
Authors: Luo B. , Chan W. F. N. , Lord S. J. , Nanji S. A. , Rajotte R. V. , Shapiro A. M. J. , Anderson C. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSurprisingly, the effect of acute diabetes on immunity has not been examined in detail. We, herein, show for the first time that untreated acute diabetes causes rapid lymphopenia followed by homeostatic T‐cell proliferation. The diabetes‐induced lymphopenia was associated with an immunosuppressed state that could be sufficiently strong to allow engraftment of fully allogeneic β‐cells or block rejection of islet transplants. In contrast, homeostatic proliferation and recovery of T‐cell numbers were associated with islet rejection. Thus, the timing of islet transplant challenge in relation to diabetes induction was critical in determining whether islets were accepted or rejected. In addition, we tested whether diabetes‐related immunosuppression could result in an overestimation of the efficacy of a tolerance‐inducing protocol. Consistent with this possibility, a protocol targeting CD40L and ICOS that we have shown induces tolerance in diabetic recipients was unable to induce tolerance in non‐diabetic recipients. The data uncover a previously unrecognized suppressive effect of diabetes on adaptive immunity. Furthermore, they suggest that the standard methods of testing new tolerance‐inducing protocols in islet transplantation require modification and that diabetes itself can contribute to homeostatic proliferation, a process associated with autoimmunity and a resistance to tolerance induction.
Occupation and occupational therapy: Knowledge paradigms and everyday practice
Authors: Wilding Clare , Whiteford Gail 
Published: November 2006

Aims:  This article presents some preliminary findings from an action research study into the everyday practice of a group of occupational therapists working in a large metropolitan hospital delivering a range of acute services. Methods and Findings:  Narrative data gathered from 10 individual interviews were analysed through numerous iterative cycles to reveal salient themes. These include epistemological tensions associated with working in a hospital environment, antagonistic reasoning processes, overinclusive descriptions of practice, and communication challenges. Conclusions:  The findings suggest that occupational therapists in acute settings may experience challenges in describing occupational therapy and engaging in occupation‐based practice. This is because of a range of factors, including, but not limited to, the paradigmatic conflict that arises between a profession informed by occupation and a predominantly biomedical setting. However, through in‐depth, reflective processes undertaken collectively within a supportive community of practice milieu, significant changes in everyday practices can be activated.
The rising trend of on‐demand and intermittent proton pump inhibitor therapy in gastroesophageal reflux disease: What is the evidence?
Authors: Bautista Jimmy M 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic and relapsing disease. Its symptoms do not correlate well with the degree of reflux events or injury that pose a challenge in its management. Thus far, treatment modalities include lifestyle and dietary modifications, antacids and anti‐secretory medications, and anti‐reflux surgery. With an erratic symptomatology, high cost of treatment, and fear of complications and side effects, the dilemma arises as to when treatment is stopped. Diverse therapeutic strategies continue to advance to address such concerns. The rising trend of on‐demand and intermittent proton pump inhibitor therapy has raised various issues regarding efficacy.