bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new 11 point degree 6 cubature formula for the triangle
Authors: Day David M. , Taylor Mark A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present a new cubature formula in the triangle which exactly integrates polynomials up to degree 6, using only 11 points. The formula was computed by starting with a 12 point cubature formula and applying the reduced basis method to drive one of the weights to zero, resulting in an 11 point formula with positive weights and no points outside the triangle. This improves upon the previously best known positive inside formulas, which have 12 or more points. The lower bound on the number of points for a degree 6 cubature formula in the triangle is 10, which to date has only been obtained by allowing some of the points to be outside the triangle. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Defect‐based a‐posteriori error estimation for differential‐algebraic equations
Authors: Auzinger W. , Lehner H. , Weinmüller E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe show how the QDeC estimator, an efficient and asymptotically correct a‐posteriori error estimator for collocation solutions to ODE systems, can be extended to differential‐algebraic equations of index 1. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Membrane and membrane‐associated proteins involved in the aggressive phenotype displayed by highly invasive cancer cells
Authors: Dowling Paul , Walsh Naomi , Clynes Martin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInvasion, the penetration of tumour cells into adjacent tissues, is a fundamental characteristic of malignant carcinomas and a first step in the metastatic process. The molecular mechanisms involved in tumour cell invasion are complex, but over the last couple of decades the knowledge base has grown quite considerably and many proteins with important roles in invasion have been identified and characterised. Benign tumours typically are encapsulated, which inhibits their ability to behave in a malignant manner, meaning these tumours do not grow in a location‐limited less aggressive manner, do not invade surrounding tissues and do not metastasise. The ability of malignant tumours to invade and metastasise is the major cause of death for cancer patients. A greater insight into the molecular basis of cancer invasion and metastasis will lead to the development of novel therapies and specific panels of biomarkers for use in the treatment and diagnosis/monitoring in many types of metastatic cancer.
Sub‐cellular localization of membrane proteins
Authors: Sadowski Pawel G. , Groen Arnoud J. , Dupree Paul , Lilley Kathryn S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn eukaryotes, numerous complex sub‐cellular structures exist. The majority of these are delineated by membranes. Many proteins are trafficked to these in order to be able to carry out their correct physiological function. Assigning the sub‐cellular location of a protein is of paramount importance to biologists in the elucidation of its role and in the refinement of knowledge of cellular processes by tracing certain activities to specific organelles. Membrane proteins are a key set of proteins as these form part of the boundary of the organelles and represent many important functions such as transporters, receptors, and trafficking. They are, however, some of the most challenging proteins to work with due to poor solubility, a wide concentration range within the cell and inaccessibility to many of the tools employed in proteomics studies. This review focuses on membrane proteins with particular emphasis on sub‐cellular localization in terms of methodologies that can be used to determine the accurate location of membrane proteins to organelles. We also discuss what is known about the membrane protein cohorts of major organelles.
Bacterial membrane proteomics
Authors: Poetsch Ansgar , Wolters Dirk 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAbout one quarter to one third of all bacterial genes encode proteins of the inner or outer bacterial membrane. These proteins perform essential physiological functions, such as the import or export of metabolites, the homeostasis of metal ions, the extrusion of toxic substances or antibiotics, and the generation or conversion of energy. The last years have witnessed completion of a plethora of whole‐genome sequences of bacteria important for biotechnology or medicine, which is the foundation for proteome and other functional genome analyses. In this review, we discuss the challenges in membrane proteome analysis, starting from sample preparation and leading to MS‐data analysis and quantification. The current state of available proteomics technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages will be described with a focus on shotgun proteomics. Then, we will briefly introduce the most abundant proteins and protein families present in bacterial membranes before bacterial membrane proteomics studies of the last years will be presented. It will be shown how these works enlarged our knowledge about the physiological adaptations that take place in bacteria during fine chemical production, bioremediation, protein overexpression, and during infections. Furthermore, several examples from literature demonstrate the suitability of membrane proteomics for the identification of antigens and different pathogenic strains, as well as the elucidation of membrane protein structure and function.
The AOHUPO Membrane Proteomics Initiative, Fourth Workshop 22 June 2008, Cairns, Australia
Authors: Chung Maxey , Nakamura Kazuyuki , Jordan T. William 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Fourth Asia Oceania Human Proteome Organisation Membrane Proteomics Initiative (AOHUPO MPI) Workshop took place on 22 June 2008 in Cairns, Australia, with approximately 90 attendees from academia and industry. Participants from ten of the seventeen collaborating centres presented workshop papers. This was part of the pre‐conference programme of the Joint Fourth Asian Oceania Human Proteome Organisation Conference and the Second Pacific Rim International Conference on Protein Structure.
Kekulé pattern on conductance images between two STM probes
Authors: Nakanishi Takeshi , Ando Tsuneya 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe conductance image between two probes of scanning‐tunneling‐microscopy (STM) is calculated in a zigzag carbon nanotube within a tight‐binding model and a realistic model for STM probes. A Kekulé‐type pattern usually appears due to interference of states at K and K' points. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time dependent growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube forest using a laser activated catalytical CVD method
Authors: Haluška Miro , Bellouard Yves , Dietzel Andreas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe report the growth of vertically aligned single‐wall and multi‐wall carbon nanotube forest using a Laser Activated – Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition process. The experiments were performed in a cold‐wall reactor filled with an ethylene‐hydrogen‐argon gas mixture in a 5:2:8 ratio at ambient pressure. A near infrared continuous wave laser diode was focused on a flat specimen to promote a local carbon nanotubes growth. Si substrates coated with a 20 nm Al2O3 layer on which a 2 nm thick Fe film was deposited were used. Growth products are characterized using Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. In this paper, we specifically discuss the influence of the laser exposure time on the growth process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kondo effects in a C60 single‐molecule transistor
Authors: Roch N. , Winkelmann C. B. , Florens S. , Bouchiat V. , Wernsdorfer W. , Balestro F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have used the electromigration technique to fabricate a C60 single‐molecule transistor (SMT).We present a full experimental study as a function of temperature, down to 35 mK, and as a function of magnetic field up to 8 T in a SMT with odd number of electrons, where the usual spin‐1/2 Kondo effect occurs, with good agreement with theory. In the case of even number of electrons, a low temperature magneto‐transport study is provided, which demonstrates a Zeeman splitting of the zero‐bias anomaly at energies well below the Kondo scale. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical properties of C4+ irradiated single‐walled carbon nanotube paper
Authors: Skákalová Viera , Kaiser Alan B. , Dettlaff Ursula , Arstila Kai , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Keinonen Juhani , Roth Siegmar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks have been irradiated with a 12C4+ ion beam (ion energy 23 MeV) to investigate changes to their properties. Measurements of the Raman D‐line show that the irradiation produces structural defects throughout SWNT paper of thickness 40 μm, with a linear increase in defects at the back side of the sample, but a saturating tendency occurring at the front (irradiated) side. The resistance of the samples also increases linearly with irradiation dose. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of the samples is changed progressively by the irradiation: whereas the pristine sample exhibits mixed metallic‐nonmetallic character consistent with the usual model of metallic conduction interrupted by thin barriers through which fluctuation‐assisted tunnelling occurs, the temperature dependence loses its metallic character and follows three‐dimensional variable‐range hopping for the most irradiated sample. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Silicon‐doping induced strain of AlN layers: a comparative luminescence and Raman study
Authors: Prinz Günther M. , Feneberg Martin , Schirra Martin , Sauer Rolf , Thonke Klaus , Thapa Sarad B. , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSi‐doped aluminum nitride layers show a shift of the near‐band‐edge luminescence at around 6 eV to lower energies for increasing Si concentration up to ≈(1–3) × 1019 cm–3. For higher concentrations, the luminescence shifts back to higher energies. This behavior is compared to concomitant shifts of the Raman‐active E2 vibrational mode and to X‐ray diffraction data. It can be explained in terms of increasing tensile strain which finally relaxes due to the formation of cracks. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ZnO nanowall networks grown on DiMPLA pre‐patterned thin gold films
Authors: Mäder M. , Gerlach J. W. , Höche T. , Czekalla C. , Lorenz M. , Grundmann M. , Rauschenbach B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractZnO nanowall networks grown by a high pressure pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on a pre‐patterned thin gold film are presented. The thin gold film on a c ‐plane oriented sapphire substrate was structured with diffraction mask projection laser ablation (DiMPLA). It is shown that only areas processed with the laser patterning technique reveal homogeneous growth of ZnO nanowall networks. Photoluminescence measurements prove the higher material quality of the pre‐patterned regions compared to the untreated ones. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantification of 19‐nortestosterone sulphate and boldenone sulphate in urine from male horses using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Grace Philip B. , Drake Erica C. , Teale Philip , Houghton Edward 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFollowing administration of the anabolic steroid 19‐nortestosterone or its esters to the horse, a major urinary metabolite is 19‐nortestosterone‐17β‐sulphate. The detection of 19‐nortestosterone in urine from untreated animals has led to it being considered a naturally occurring steroid in the male horse. Recently, we have demonstrated that the majority of the 19‐nortestosterone found in extracts of ‘normal’ urine from male horses arises as an artefact through decarboxylation of the 19‐carboxylic acid of testosterone. The aim of this investigation was to establish if direct analysis of 19‐nortestosterone‐17β‐sulphate by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) had potential for the detection of 19‐nortestosterone misuse in the male horse. The high concentrations of sulphate conjugates of the female sex hormones naturally present in male equine urine were overcome by selective hydrolysis of the aryl sulphates using glucuronidase from Helix pomatia; this was shown to have little or no activity for alkyl sulphates such as 19‐nortestosterone‐17β‐sulphate. The ‘free’ phenolic steroids were removed by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) prior to LC/MS/MS analysis. The method also allowed for the quantification of the sulphate conjugate of boldenone, a further anabolic steroid endogenous in the male equine with potential for abuse in sports. The method was applied to the quantification of these analytes in a population of samples. This paper reports the results of that study along with the development and validation of the LC/MS/MS method. The results indicate that while 19‐nortestosterone‐17β‐sulphate is present at low levels as an endogenous substance in urine from ‘normal’ male horses, its use as an effective threshold substance may be viable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of non‐enzymatically glycated peptides: neutral‐loss‐triggered MS3 versus multi‐stage activation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Qibin , Petyuk Vladislav A. , Schepmoes Athena A. , Orton Daniel J. , Monroe Matthew E. , Yang Feng , Smith Richard D. , Metz Thomas O. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNon‐enzymatic glycation of tissue proteins has important implications in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. While electron transfer dissociation (ETD) has been shown to outperform collision‐induced dissociation (CID) in sequencing glycated peptides by tandem mass spectrometry, ETD instrumentation is not yet widely available and often suffers from significantly lower sensitivity than CID. In this study, we evaluated different advanced CID techniques (i.e., neutral‐loss‐triggered MS3 and multi‐stage activation) during liquid chromatography/multi‐stage mass spectrometric (LC/MSn) analyses of Amadori‐modified peptides enriched from human serum glycated in vitro. During neutral‐loss‐triggered MS3 experiments, MS3 scans triggered by neutral losses of 3 H2O or 3 H2O + HCHO produced similar results in terms of glycated peptide identifications. However, neutral losses of 3 H2O resulted in significantly more glycated peptide identifications during multi‐stage activation experiments. Overall, the multi‐stage activation approach produced more glycated peptide identifications, while the neutral‐loss‐triggered MS3 approach resulted in much higher specificity. Both techniques are viable alternatives to ETD for identifying glycated peptides. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single drop microextraction using silver nanoparticles as electrostatic probes for peptide analysis in atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and comparison with gold electrostatic probes and silver hydrophobic probes
Authors: Sudhir Putty‐Reddy , Shrivas Kamlesh , Zhou Zi‐Cong , Wu Hui‐Fen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSingle drop microextraction using tetraalkylammonium bromide coated silver nanoparticles (SDME‐AgNPs) prepared in toluene has been successfully applied as electrostatic affinity probes to preconcentrate peptide mixtures in biological samples prior to atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (AP‐MALDI‐MS) analysis. This approach is based on the isoelectric point (pI) of peptides and surface charge of AgNPs. Using the SDME‐AgNPs technique, from a peptide mixture, Met‐ and Leu‐enkephalins (Met‐enk and Leu‐enk) were extracted into a droplet of toluene containing AgNPs, but not the neutral peptides (gramicidins). The best peptide extraction efficiency for SDME‐AgNPs was observed with the optimized parameters: extraction time 2 min, sample agitation rate 240 rpm, and sample pH 7. The limits of detection (LODs) of the SDME‐AgNPs/AP‐MALDI‐MS technique for Met‐enk and Leu‐enk peptides were 160 and 210 nM, respectively. Furthermore, the application of the technique has been shown for the analysis of peptides from a sample containing high matrix interferences such as 1% Triton X‐100 and 6 M urea. Finally, this approach has been compared with the SDME‐AuNPs technique and the results have clearly revealed that the SDME‐AgNP affinity probe exhibits higher affinity to extract the sulfur‐bearing peptide (Met‐enk). We also compared this electrostatic affinity probe of AgNPs with the previously demonstrated hydrophobic affinity probe of AgNPs and found that the electrostatic probe can greatly reduce the extraction time from 1.5 h to 2 min. This is due to the fact that electrostatic attraction forces are much stronger than the hydrophobic attraction forces. Therefore, we concluded that the electrostatic affinity probe based on SDME‐AgNPs coupled with AP‐MALDI‐MS is a high‐throughput technique for the analysis of low‐abundance peptides from biological samples containing complex matrices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robotic intercostal nerve graft for reversal of thoracic sympathectomy: a large animal feasibility model
Authors: Latif M. J. , Afthinos J. N. , Connery C. P. , Perin N. , Bhora F. Y. , Chwajol M. , Todd G. J. , Belsley S. J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundA subset of patients who undergo video‐assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for hyperhydrosis develop post‐procedure compensatory sweating that is perceived as more debilitating than their initial complaints. We propose a novel treatment to reverse sympathectomy by implantation of an intercostal nerve graft using the da Vinci robot.MethodsA robotic swine model was established using single‐lung ventilation and four ports. The pleura was incised and a representative segment of sympathetic chain was transected. A nearby intercostal nerve was harvested and sutured to the sympathetic chain using four interrupted 10‐0 nylon sutures on the epineurium.ResultsThe intercostal nerve was an excellent size match and post‐procedure necropsy yielded successful anastomoses without apparent complications.ConclusionsRobotic intercostal nerve grafting for reversal of thoracic sympathectomy is technically feasible. The robotic device allows the principles of neural microsurgery to be maintained and provides a minimally invasive option for reconstruction of the sympathetic chain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A client‐based vertical handoff approach for seamless mobility across heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: Kim Yong‐Sung , Kwon Dong‐Hee , Suh Young‐Joo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWith the rapid growth of mobile Internet, offering seamless connectivity in different types of wireless networks is an important feature in next generation wireless networks (4G networks). Mobile IP (MIP) is expected to play a key role to handle the movements of mobile nodes (MNs) in 4G networks. However, MIP suffers from long handoff latency since it is designed to support the macromobility of a MN. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a scheme that provides currently deployed networks with backward compatibility and that offers seamless connectivity during MIP handoffs across the heterogeneous wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a client‐based vertical handoff system for multi‐networks to provide end‐users with seamless connectivity across heterogeneous wireless networks. Our proposed system is designed as a common network interface at a client side and provides transparent service to IP/MIP layers regardless of used wireless technologies. With this system, we also present vertical handoff performance over a loosely coupled cdma2000/WLAN experimental test‐bed. The experimental results show that our system enables a MN to handoff seamlessly across different types of wireless networks without any modifications to the existing IP/MIP stack and core network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the enhancements to IEEE 802.11 MAC and their suitability for safety‐critical applications in VANET
Authors: Chen Xianbo , Refai Hazem H. , Ma Xiaomin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) or inter‐vehicle communication (IVC) provides many brand new and powerful capabilities for transportation system applications. Safety massaging, as one of the capabilities, supports many potential safety applications such as emergency electronic brake lights, lane change warning, pre‐crash warning. These applications require a low latency and high reliability communication service. In this paper, we first analyze these critical requirements. The under‐development 802.11p for VANET is then discussed with respect to those requirements. An extensive research on the enhancements for 802.11 media access control (MAC) is conducted in order to show their suitability for safety applications. As a conclusion, a realistically feasible MAC enhancement scheme is still needed to achieve the high performance requirements and the compatibility. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Proactive mobile‐initiated fast handoff scheme using the multihomed approach
Authors: Huang Chung‐Ming , Chiang Meng‐Shu , Lin Chin‐Wei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMobile IP (MIP) defines a mobility management for mobile users to continuously access data when the currently attachment is changed to another network. However, when mobile node (MN) roams between network segments, the handoff latency results in packet losses and transmission delay. In this paper, we propose a multihomed fast handoff scheme (MFH‐MIP) to decrease the handoff cost. In the proposed MFH‐MIP scheme, each MN is implemeted with the link layer trigger and multihomed techniques. Based on the link layer trigger, MN can collect signal strengths of nearby access points (APs) and switch to a new link automatically when the old link becomes unsuitable to connect. Using the multihomed technique, MN can prepare for handoff using two (or more) interfaces, in which (i) one is connected with the old link to receive packets and (ii) the other one is used to access nearby APs and select the most suitable one as the new link, in parellel. In this way, MN can continuously transmit and receive packets during handoff. Based on the proposed method, MN can roam smoothly among different networks in the wireless environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring feed amounts in goliath groupers (Epinephelus itajara) using behavioral conditioning in a large mixed species exhibit
Authors: Kittell Michele M. , Ratte Magan E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGoliath groupers (Epinephelus itajara) are large charismatic species, which are often residents in public aquaria. This study reports a novel approach to feeding techniques for three resident goliath groupers. Because of the size and depth of their exhibit, the groupers were conditioned to hand feed from aquarists. Daily food logs were recorded including the type and number of species, how often the groupers were fed, and how often they accepted the offered food. Mackerel, herring, and sardine represented the highest percentage of the diet, whereas capelin, squid, and shrimp were the lowest percentage. Over a one‐year period, records showed that grouper 1 and grouper 3 ate fairly consistently throughout the year. Grouper 2 had a higher degree of variation in his monthly feeding average with a decrease from May to September and an increase through April. Grouper 1 and grouper 3 took food from the aquarists most consistently with a monthly average of 88.8±10.8 and 89.7±6.15% of the time, respectively. Grouper 2 was not as consistent, hand feeding at only 74.5±16.2% of the time offered. Diet management and behavioral conditioning with the goliath groupers have established consistent husbandry records and therefore better monitoring of the individual fish's long‐term health status. Zoo Biol 27:414–419, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.