bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Angle, Shallow Depth Drilling in the South China Sea
Authors: Kairon Saadon bin , Schroeter D R 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A substantial reduction in field development cost has been realized by using high-angle, long-reach wells to develop the shallow Semangkok Field with only two (2) platforms. An estimated savings in initial develpment costs in the order of US$60M was realized over a three (3) platform development alternative based on more conventional directional wells.
Conventional drilling equipment and methods were extended to new limits in drilling and completing wells with angles exceeding 70° to objective targets as shallow as 1250 m TVD-SS with departures exceeding 2000 m. The planning and drilling methods employed to successfully drill, survey, log, and complete these wells are presented in this paper.
The cost deviations attributed to drilling at high inclinations amounted to less than 8% of the final well cost for 29 of 42 wells and two geologic side-tracks that were drilled at angles ranging from 60° to 75°.
High Temperature Drilling Fluids in the Cooper-Eromanga Basin, Australia
Authors: Aung Tun H 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Several wells with bottom hole temperatures in excess of 400°F have been drilled in South Australia. Two early wells were drilled with Lignite-Lignosulfonate fluids and two recent wells used a newly introduced high temperature polymer system. A brief comparison of these high temperature wells has been made. The effects of temperature on the performance and properties of the polymer system are examined and the need for further improvements in the area of high temperature drilling fluids is also considered.
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System for Offshore Java Sea
Authors: Gunawan T , Thomas T P , Williams R I 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Atlantic Richfield Indonesia Incorporated has started the implementation of a Supervisory Control and data Acquisition (SCADA) Sytsem for all of its offshore oil/gas production platforms in its Offshore North West Java contract area in Indonesia. This paper will outline the technical and operational requirements for the SCADA system and highlight some of the anticipated benefits for production monitoring, well testing, and management reporting.
Offshore Pipeline Transport of Waxy Crude Oils
Authors: Bomba John G 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Pipeline transport of waxy crude oils can be performed effectively, both from technical and economic standpoints, through adequate system designs. Such pipeline designs must consider safety aspects, system integrity, ease of installation, and potential operating and maintenance problems. General topics which must be reviewed will include features of the waxy crudes, fluid heating and temperature loss control potential, factors influencing and methods of controlling wax accretions, and problems involved with shutdown and startup. A general review of pump effectiveness for waxy crude transport is provided. A cost comparison of pipeline transport with other methods of waxy crude movement, such as barge tow or tanker handling, is presented.
This paper is essentially a review of waxy crude oils and their features related to offshore transport. It will serve as an information source for engineers who are inexperienced in dealing with waxy crudes and as a guideline and source of ideas for more experienced engineers that must design transport facilities.
Effectively designed pipeline systems can be established to handle waxy crude oil transport. In most cases, pipelines are a cost effective method of transport when compared to other alternates such as barge or tanker shipment.
Wax Deposition in a WAG Flood
Authors: Nenniger J. E. , Cutten F. B. , Shields S. N. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Substantial deposits of a gummy material were discovered in the injection system of a water-alternating-gas (WAG) miscible flood. Capillary column gas chromatographic analyses revealed that these deposits were due to wax contamination of the natural gas liquids used to enrich the injection gas. To remove the deposits, propane was added to the injection gas. This treatment was carried out successfully at virtually no extra cost.
A Minimum Miscibility Pressure Study Using Impure CO2 and West Texas Oil Systems: Data Base, Correlations, and Compositional Simulation
Authors: Kovarik F. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents results from the study to improve the impure CO2 minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) prediction capability. The MMP data base was obtained from laboratory slim tube runs. Rigorous criteria for MMP determinations were established. These data were correlated as a function of mole fraction of contaminants in CO2, as a function of injection gas pseudocritical properties, and using a modified Peng-Robinson equation of state, with average errors in the range of 2 to 6 percent. The CO2 impurities were N2, C1, C2, C3, C5. Concentrations of impurities varied from 0 to 30 mole percent.
Comparisons with literature data indicate that the correlations, although developed using only West Texas oils, can be generalized to include a wide spectrum of reservoir fluids. These correlations, when compared to others in the literature, are found to be superior for injection gas mixtures which contain nitrogen and methane contaminants.
An ARCO developed compositional simulator was calibrated using slim tube and PVT data from the West Texas oil-CO2 system. The model simulates recovery curves reasonably well and predicts the pure and impure CO2 minimum miscibility pressures for West Texas oils to within 50-150 psi.
Current status of the ASEE Goals Report
Authors: LeBold W.K. 
Published: December 2007

These are dramatic times of change and challenge in engineering and engineering education. New materials and energy forms are being utilized in increasing complex devices and systems. Society is making increasing demands on engineering for not only the solutions to technical problems utilizing the latest discoveries and developments in science and technology, but solutions that are economically feasible, and socially acceptable as well.
Engineering, in the past, could optimize devices and systems, on one or two parameters; today we talk in terms of n parameters where n can range anywhere from one to infinity. Fortunately in engineering, these new demands are being met by the parallel development of new techniques and methods. Custom made materials can be specified and realized rather than adapted and compromised. High speed computers make it possible to try many alternate solutions, rather than compromise on our "best guesstimate."
Coupled with this technological and scientific revolution and the information explosion associated with it has been another explosion, an educational and social revolution that extends beyond local, regional and national boundaries. This is especially apparent in the contemporary American higher educational scene today. Society demands that higher education contribute not only a greater number, but a greater proportion of the educated people required in business, industry, and government; society also demands that higher educational institutions make a major contribution to the creation of new knowledge through research and to the dissemination of new knowledge through continuing education and publications. In addition, higher educational institutions are being asked in ever-increasing numbers to contribute to the contemporary problems of society including poverty and disarmament, space travel and international relations, and the Northeast Corridor and Los Angeles' smog.
The engineering profession and engineering education sit squarely in the middle of this millieu. As a result, it is both understandable and wise for us to take a moment, sit back, and ask ourselves what are we trying to do, where have we been, and where do we think we should go? The Goals of Engineering Education Project of the American Society for Engineering Education was just such an attempt, and is in its final stages now. Such studies are not new in American engineering education; indeed, we have been on about 10 year investigation cycles since the turn of the century. The general charge of the Goals Study was to conduct a comprehensive study into all aspects of engineering education and to recommend a pattern of engineering education which would result in improved undergraduate and graduate programs. This study has tried to collect information from a wide variety of sources including field studies, surveys, literature search, and study committee reports; and to obtain the views of engineering educational institutions, engineering graduates, engineering managers and personnel representatives, and technical and professional societies.
Means for Handling Gas Influx in a Marine Riser
Authors: Hall J. E. , Roche J. R. , Boulet C. G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The deep water well-control concept described in this paper offers improved safety and reduces the risk of equipment damage and pollution. This concept could prevent the occurrence of an uncontrolled riser blowout, the danger of which is more severe as water depth increases.
The proposed riser kick control device is placed at the surface, which is conventional. The added control is achieved without making major alterations to typical, present day deep water drilling systems. Basic well bore control, surface diverter techniques, and equipment remain unchanged.
A Drilling Contractor Tests Solids Control Equipment
Authors: Froment T. D. , Rodt G. M. , Houwen O. H. , Titreville B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In the recent years, the introduction of new expensive and sophisticated muds has changed drastically the concept of solids control in drilling muds. New equipment has appeared (decanting centrifuges), the performance of conventional equipment (shale-shakers) has improved dramatically, new regulations have forced the companies to develop and install cuttings cleaning systems.
This paper will explain the motivations of SEDCO FOREX as a drilling contractor in undertaking an extensive and full scale test campaign to assess the capacity and efficiency of each piece of solids control equipment in relation to mud characteristics. Three tests were planned: the first one, which is completed, was investigating shale-shakers, hydrocyclones and mud cleaners. The second one, which is underway, addresses the cases of the decanting centrifuges. The last one will deal with degassers.
Each time, the laboratory tests giving scientifically measured results in well controlled environment are complemented by field reports giving information such as maintenance or operation problems.
The various problems encountered while running these tests and the tools used will be described. In particular, the utilisation of the SEDCO FOREX R&E VAX 780 for storing and interpreting the results will be explained.
Finally, some information will be given on the results of the first series of tests and on the benefit that they have already produced in the field for both our company and our clients.
Moderate pH, Potassium, Polymer-Treated Mud Reduces Washout
Authors: Fleming C. N. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In the past, borehole stability and preventing hole washout have been major problems on many wells drilled in the Gulf Coast. Both of these problems have major influences on drilling efficiency and drilling cost. Two objectives were established to investigate these problems and possible solutions:
To build and maintain an inhibitive mud system. To minimize washout by contributing to borehole stability.
It is the intent of this paper to show that selected water soluble polymers and potassium hydroxide additives improve bore-hole stability and hole washout by reducing the water adsorption rate at the borehole-drilling fluid interface.
Before implementation of the fluid system on, Well #A-2, Main Pass 77, Block 151 some guidelines were established. To gauge the degree of success, directionally drilled Well #A-2 was compared with the #1 Wildcat that was drilled as a straight hole five years earlier.
The section of the wells used for comparison was the 8 1/2″ hole approximately 1100 feet in length. These sections were correlated using the D-5 and D-10 sands and divided into fourteen intervals.
The two wells were compared as to washout, mud cost to drill, hours spent drilling, hours spent washing and reaming, and total circulating time (excluding drilling). Comparisons were also made using annular velocity, jet velocity, pH, pm and pf.
The fluid system is being applied to other wells and the results are encouraging.
Drillstring Vibrations: Comparison Between Theory and Experiments on a Full-Scale Research Drilling Rig
Authors: Aarrestad T. V. , Tønnesen H. A. , Kyllingstad Å. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Extensional vibrations in drillstrings have been studied with both linear elastic theory and experiments in a 1000m deep vertical well. A hardwire MWD-tool suitable for rotary drilling has been used to transmit near bit accelerations, weight on bit and torque at a rate of 556 measurements per second. New understanding of the vibration damping process has been achieved, and the damping effects are shown to have critical influence on the vibrations. By including frequency dependent damping the theoretical results agree better with experimental results than it does with constant damping.
Cost Effective Application of Thermally Stable Synthetic Diamond Bits on Downhole Motors in the Permian Basin
Authors: McGehee D. Y. , Garnett R. B. , Rodriguez M. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper provides documentation of six cases in which Thermally Stable Diamond (TSD) bits were used in combination with downhole motors yielding economically successful results in the Permian Basin. In addition, a detailed discussion of the TSD cutting element and TSD bit design is presented. This discussion compares the TSD to natural diamonds and polycrystalline diamond compacts (PDC's) and explains why TSD bits are superior in some applications.
Charged Shales: Self-Induced Pore Pressures
Authors: Gill J. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Each year, a painfully significant number of drilling wells experience baffling, virtually insurmountable, prohibitively expensive pressure imbalance problems – losing mud while circulating; but gaining during trips – not explainable as simple overbalance/underbalance.
Every one of these wells seems to require as much as 17.5-18.5 ppg mud weight, and still seems on the verge of blowing out --- but. never quite does.
Pressure balance indicators are in puzzling conflict. Most of the drilling parameters indicate continued underbalance, even after – especially after – mud weights have been escalated farbeyond the natural pore pressures of, say, 16.0 ppg (as determined by well-log pressure plots and confirmed by the offset wells that have been drilled, relatively trouble-free, at the lesser mud density).
The borehole apparently balloons or breathes, slightly, when long sections of already-overpressured, wet, plastic shales are drilled this greatly in overbalance (but not by then easily recognisable as overbalance); taking 20-30 bbls of mud while circulating and giving it back (if we let it) when pumps are shut down.
This new, superimposed and "bottled-up" hydrostatic pressure in the wellbore from the (excessive) mud density is then very real.
When we push on the (16.0 ppg) shale/water mixture of the formation with 17.5 ppg mud (13,000 psi --- 1500 psi of overbalance); it can yield only slightly within its confines (the water component being virtually incompressible) before it "pressures up" and pushes right back with that same force.
We have created in the shale body a super-natural, self-induced pore pressure greater than its original, natural pore pressure. We have "charged" the shale.
Several well histories – and their "natural" pore pressure plots from well logs – are presented here, to illustrate that these impossibly delicate pressure-balance situations of our own doing can and do develop; how they can be recognized by their characteristic symptoms; and how they can be corrected, or simply avoided in the first place.
Comparison of Rheological Models in High Shear Rate Range and Experimental Relationship Between Penetration Rate and High Shear Viscosities
Authors: Sun Wanneng , Chen Jianping , Li Zhenxue 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
High shear viscosity at the bit nozzle is an important parameter in drilling optimization. Four rheological models were used to calculate high shear viscosity from rheometer data and the calculated viscosities were compared with viscosities measured with high pressure capillary viscometers for five types of 16 different kinds of water base non-weighted muds. The Casson model gives the best fit and rheometers can be used in the field to predict nozzle viscosities. Regression equations and experimental relationship between drilling rate and high shear viscosity were obtained from full scale laboratory drilling rig tests. The high shear viscosity has a considerable influence on drilling rate in sandstone and limestone. A lower nozzle viscosity is preferred in optimized drilling.
Artificial Lift Techniques in China
Authors: Wan Renfu , Chen Xiankan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
160 oil fields have been put into development in Daqing, Shengli and other oil regions in China. The reservoir rocks of these oil fields are mainly continental sedimentation in origin characterized by multiple productive reservoirs and multiple-layers, with great difference in permeability between reservoirs and relatively insufficient natural energy supply. Reservoirs of this kind generally have a short period of flowing production, quick depletion of pressure and low primary recovery by means of natural energy. To improve the effect of oilfield development, water flooding from an initial stage of development for pressure maintenance and flowing well production has been adopted in most of oilfields. Such a system ensures that the annual crude output of China reaches one hundred million tonnes and over. However, the water cut of wells rises continuously and the capacity of flowing well production decreases gradually in the course of oilfield development. Since 1980, we have converted most of the flowing wells into the artificial lifting wells and at the same time large capacity pumps, hydraulic pumps and electric submersible pumps are gradually used to replace the conventional downhole pumps for production. Through field practice in recent years, the development result has been further improved so that crude output of our country not only remains stable but also Increases gradually year by year.
A continuous rise of water cut, an increase in borehole fluid gradient, a rise of flowing pressure causes a decrease of production pressure differential, resulting in a decline of the crude output. For example, in 1980, there were 3872 flowing wells in Daqing Oilfield with an overall water cut of 60%. The chokes of producing wells had been enlarged continuously but the producing pressure differential did not increase strikingly. Generally a rise in the producing pressure differential of 0.4 atm will occur for each water cut increase of 1%. Although the water flooding has been strengthened to restore the reservoir pressure, it could not match with the rising speed of flowing pressure. So, the producing pressure differential might not be increased and even further decreased in some cases.
There are two ways to increase the producing pressure differential at the water cut production stage. One way is to restore or increase the reservoir pressure and the other is to reduce the flowing pressure. The change of the mode of production from flowing to artificial lift is, in fact, to take the second way, i.e., water injection for pressure maintenance at a given level to ensure a sufficient supply of the fluid to the wells, while the flowing bottom hole pressure is greatly reduced by means of artificial lift techniques so that the aim of increasing the producing pressure differential to maintain a steady crude output is achieved.
Well Testing Analysis in a Double Porosity Reservoir
Authors: Zhu Yadong 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Our research results and their application on well testing analysis in the reservoir with double porosity in recent years are summarized in this paper. In the field of theoretical research, on the basis of analytical solution of flow equation for the double porosity reservoir1, calculation methods under three boundary conditions, a closed reservoir with constant external pressure, a closed reservoir and an infinite boundary are given in this paper. The theoretical pressure change curves under these boundary conditions are constructed, and the effect of interporosity flow parameter λ, storage capacity ratio w and dimensionless outer boundary radius RD on the curves are analyzed. While in practical application, on the basis of the above research results, two analytical methods, that is, optimum matching and semilog straight line, are given in this paper for single well testing in a naturally fractured reservoir to obtain the related parameters: As for the interference test between wells in a naturally fractured reservoir, a set of type curves is given, which could be used in the interpretation of interference pressure testing data to obtain the inter-well parameters in such a reservoir. These methods have been used in fractured carbonate reservoirs in North China Oilfield and Shengli Oilfield.
The Flow Effect of Mud in Annulus and the Selection of Rheological Parameters
Authors: Wang Zhongying , Tang Songran 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The flow of mud is closely related with the anomaly of well-bore diameter, the density of cuttings in the mud and the annular pressure loss. This paper discusses the annular flow effect, puts forward the three flow effect criteria of erosion, lifting and dynamic pressure, defines the similitude rule of annular effect, and derives formulas representing the three criteria. It also recommends the index for evaluating the annular effects, and presents how to select the rheological parameters and the circulation rate.
Adjustment of Surfactant/Polymer Interaction in Surfactant/Polymer Flooding With Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Yang C. Z. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to make a systematic analysis of surfactant-polymer interaction in the process of chemical flooding. In determining the influence of the salinity of the solution, the degree of hydrolysis, the molecular weight and the concentration of polymer as well as the surfactant concentration and the type and concentraction of alcohol on the incompatibility of the surfactant-polymer system. We find that salinity is the main cause of miscibility loss by the mixture, thus leading to phase separation and to an appreciable variation in surfactant distribution in the solution and in phase properties. When inorganic polyanions are introduced, e.g. phosphate (SP-6) and silicate (SS-3), the compatibility of the system is considerably improved, and salinity, which causes phase separation, increases. The incompatibility phenomenon can be explained by considering the micelle-polymer system as a colloidal system according to the DLVO theory for the stability of colloids.
The Status and Potential of Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Kuuskraa V. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The search for tomorrow's oil reserves has directed the energy industry to new frontiers. Traditionally, this term "new frontiers" connotes hostile and challenging geographical terrain -- the deep waters of the offshore, the harsh environment of the Arctic, or deeper, more subtle oil traps. In the past few decades a fourth "new frontier" has evolved -- a frontier defined not by geography or geology but rather by technology. This fourth frontier is a collection of technologies -- involving the use of thermal, gas, and chemical means for producing more oil -- that fall under the broad umbrella called enhanced oil recovery (EOR).