bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Ultrasound in Children
Authors: Bjerring OS , Durup J , Qvist N , Mortensen MB 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe impact and feasibility of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in younger children are unknown. We retrospectively reviewed the EUS procedures we had performed in children younger than 16 years with regard to feasibility, safety, and impact on further treatment. In all, 18 patients (12 boys, 6 girls; median age 12 years, range 0.5–15) underwent EUS. The indications were as follows: tumor (9), epigastric pain (3), recurrent pancreatitis (2), unexplained jaundice (2), hypoglycemia (1), and von Hippel‐Lindau disease (1). We concluded that EUS had a significant impact in 78% of the cases. EUS seems to be a safe, feasible, and valuable diagnostic tool.
Fatty Acids and Neurodevelopment
Authors: Belkind‐Gerson J , Carreón‐Rodríguez A , Contreras‐Ochoa CO , Estrada‐Mondaca S , Parra‐Cabrera MS 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTKnowledge of the importance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (AA), and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in neurodevelopment was originally obtained from animal studies. These fatty acids are rapidly accreted in brain during the first postnatal year in animal and human infants, and they are found in high concentrations in breast milk. Reports of enhanced intellectual development in breast‐fed children, and reports linking LCPUFA deficiency with neurodevelopmental disorders have stressed the physiological importance of DHA in visual and neural systems. In addition to high concentrations of fatty acids in breast milk, they are also present in fish and algae oil and have recently been added to infant formulas. Esterified poplyunsaturated fatty acids act in cellular membranes, in signal transduction, in neurotransmission, and in the formation of lipid rafts. Nonesterified polyunsaturated fatty acids can modulate gene expression and ion channel activities, thus becoming neuroprotective agents. The conversion of linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid into ARA and DHA have led to randomized clinical trials that have studied whether infant formulas supplemented with DHA or both DHA and ARA would enhance visual and cognitive development. This review gives an overview of fatty acids and neurodevelopment, focusing on the findings from these studies.
Acute Malnutrition in Latin America: The Challenge of Ending Avoidable Deaths
Authors: Weisstaub Gerardo , Araya Magdalena 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn Latin America and the Caribbean, malnutrition still represents a health concern expressed mainly as stunting and micronutrient deficiencies, lessening the attention given to acute malnutrition (moderate and severe); however, the latter has a high fatality rate. Ending these avoidable deaths represents a major health and ethical challenge in the region. Acute malnutrition plus infections (mainly diarrhea and pneumonia) determine an important fraction of the fatality rate due to malnutrition in most regions, especially those with higher poverty and social instability. Application of the World Health Organization guidelines for the treatment of children with acute severe malnutrition reduces the fatality rate significantly. Among the many possibilities for treatment, systems based on day care centers and at home should be promoted. Training in the application of the World Health Organization guidelines should be incorporated into the curricula of health‐related professions in countries where malnutrition is prevalent.
Scalp dermoscopy of androgenetic alopecia in Asian people
Authors: INUI Shigeki , NAKAJIMA Takeshi , ITAMI Satoshi 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAlthough dermoscopy is used mainly for diagnosing pigmented skin lesions, this device has been reported to be useful in observing alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia. Herein, we investigated the dermoscopic features and their incidence of androgenetic alopecia (AGA; n = 50 men) and female AGA (FAGA; n = 10 women) in Asian people. More than 20% hair diameter diversity (HDD), which reportedly is an early sign of AGA and corresponds to hair follicle miniaturization, was observed in the affected area of all AGA and FAGA cases, suggesting that HDD is an essential feature to diagnose AGA and FAGA. Peripilar signs, corresponding to perifollicular pigmentation, were seen in 66% (33/50) of AGA and 20% (2/10) of FAGA women. This incidence in the present study was lower than previously reported in white subjects possibly because the Asian skin color conceals slight peripilar pigmentation. Yellow dots were observed in 26% (13/50) of AGA and 10% (1/10) of FAGA cases and the number of yellow dots in AGA and FAGA was limited to 10 on the overall hair loss area. Yellow dots possibly indicate the coincidence of AGA and enlargement of the sebaceous glands caused by common end‐organ hypersensitivity to androgen. In conclusion, dermoscopy is useful to diagnose AGA and FAGA and provides insights into the pathogenesis of AGA.
Case of herpes zoster duplex bilateralis
Authors: SHIN Bong Seok , SEO Hyun Deok , NA Chan Ho , CHOI Kyu Chul 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTNon‐contiguously simultaneous development of herpes zoster is very rare. It is named either herpes zoster duplex unilateralis or bilaterarlis, depending on whether one or both sides of the body are involved. Herein, we report a 21‐year‐old man, who had been treated for ulcerative colitis with prednisolone, and presented with painful grouped vesicles of the lower abdomen and back in a relatively symmetrical distribution. A Tzanck smear and punch biopsy were performed on the vesicles of the back. We report a rare case of symmetrical herpes zoster duplex bilateralis.
STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) – an extension of the STROBE statement
Authors: Little Julian , Higgins Julian P.T. , Ioannidis John P.A. , Moher David , Gagnon France , Von Elm Erik , Khoury Muin J. , Cohen Barbara , Davey‐Smith George , Grimshaw Jeremy , Scheet Paul , Gwinn Marta , Williamson Robin E. , Zou Guang Yong , Hutchings Kim , Johnson Candice Y. , Tait Valerie , Wiens Miriam , Golding Jean , Van Duijn Cornelia , McLaughlin John , Paterson Andrew , Wells George , Fortier Isabel , Freedman Matthew , Zecevic Maja , King Richard , Infante‐Rivard Claire , Stewart Alex , Birkett Nick 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMaking sense of rapidly evolving evidence on genetic associations is crucial to making genuine advances in human genomics and the eventual integration of this information in the practice of medicine and public health. Assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of this evidence, and hence the ability to synthesize it, has been limited by inadequate reporting of results. The STrengthening the REporting of Genetic Association studies (STREGA) initiative builds on the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and provides additions to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The additions concern population stratification, genotyping errors, modelling haplotype variation, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, replication, selection of participants, rationale for choice of genes and variants, treatment effects in studying quantitative traits, statistical methods, relatedness, reporting of descriptive and outcome data and the volume of data issues that are important to consider in genetic association studies. The STREGA recommendations do not prescribe or dictate how a genetic association study should be designed, but seek to enhance the transparency of its reporting, regardless of choices made during design, conduct or analysis.
Development of an instrument to measure the quality of documented nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes: the Q‐DIO
Authors: Müller‐Staub Maria , Lunney Margaret , Odenbreit Matthias , Needham Ian , Lavin Mary Ann , Van Achterberg Theo 
Published: March 2009

Aims and objectives.  This paper aims to report the development stages of an audit instrument to assess standardised nursing language. Because research‐based instruments were not available, the instrument Quality of documentation of nursing Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q‐DIO) was developed.Background.  Standardised nursing language such as nursing diagnoses, interventions and outcomes are being implemented worldwide and will be crucial for the electronic health record. The literature showed a lack of audit instruments to assess the quality of standardised nursing language in nursing documentation.Design.  A qualitative design was used for instrument development.Methods.  Criteria were first derived from a theoretical framework and literature reviews. Second, the criteria were operationalised into items and eight experts assessed face and content validity of the Q‐DIO.Results.  Criteria were developed and operationalised into 29 items. For each item, a three or five point scale was applied. The experts supported content validity and showed 88·25% agreement for the scores assigned to the 29 items of the Q‐DIO.Conclusions.  The Q‐DIO provides a literature‐based audit instrument for nursing documentation. The strength of Q‐DIO is its ability to measure the quality of nursing diagnoses and related interventions and nursing‐sensitive patient outcomes. Further testing of Q‐DIO is recommended.Relevance to clinical practice.  Based on the results of this study, the Q‐DIO provides an audit instrument to be used in clinical practice. Its criteria can set the stage for the electronic nursing documentation in electronic health records.
Effects of a preceptorship programme on turnover rate, cost, quality and professional development
Authors: Lee Tso‐Ying , Tzeng Wen‐Chii , Lin Chia‐Huei , Yeh Mei‐Ling 
Published: March 2009

Aim and objectives.  The purpose of the present study was to design a preceptorship programme and to evaluate its effects on turnover rate, turnover cost, quality of care and professional development.Background.  A high turnover rate of nurses is a common global problem. How to improve nurses’ willingness to stay in their jobs and reduce the high turnover rate has become a focus. Well‐designed preceptorship programmes could possibly decrease turnover rates and improve professional development.Design.  A quasi‐experimental research design was used.Methods.  First, a preceptorship programme was designed to establish the role and responsibilities of preceptors in instructing new nurses. Second, a quasi‐experimental design was used to evaluate the preceptorship programme. Data on new nurses’ turnover rate, turnover cost, quality of nursing care, satisfaction of preceptor’s teaching and preceptor’s perception were measured.Results.  After conducting the preceptorship programme, the turnover rate was 46·5% less than the previous year. The turnover cost was decreased by US$186,102. Additionally, medication error rates made by new nurses dropped from 50–0% and incident rates of adverse events and falls decreased. All new nurses were satisfied with preceptor guidance.Conclusions.  The preceptorship programme effectively lowered the turnover rate of new nurses, reduced turnover costs and enhanced the quality of nursing care, especially by reducing medication error incidents. Positive feedback about the programme was received from new nurses.Relevance to clinical practice.  Study findings may offer healthcare administrators another option for retaining new nurses, controlling costs, improving quality and fostering professional development. In addition, incentives and effective support from the organisation must be considered when preceptors perform preceptorship responsibilities.
A literature review of the application of the Geriatric Depression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist to community nursing cohorts
Authors: Allen Jacqui , Annells Merilyn 
Published: March 2009

Aims and objectives. To explore through literature review the appropriateness of three common tools for use by community nurses to screen war veteran and war widow(er) clients for depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder.Background. War veterans and, to a lesser extent, war widow(er)s, are prone to mental health challenges, especially depression, anxiety and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Community nurses do not accurately identify such people with depression and related disorders although they are well positioned to do so. The use of valid and reliable self‐report tools is one method of improving nurses’ identification of people with actual or potential mental health difficulties for referral to a general practitioner or mental health practitioner for diagnostic assessment and treatment. The Geriatric Depression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist are frequently recommended for mental health screening but the appropriateness of using the tools for screening war veteran and war widow(er) community nursing clients who are often aged and have functional impairment, is unknown.Design. Systematic review.Conclusions. Current literature informs that the Geriatric Depression Scale accurately predicts a diagnosis of depression in community nursing cohorts. The three Depression Anxiety Stress Scales subscales of depression, anxiety and stress are valid; however, no studies were identified that compared the performance of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in predicting diagnoses of depression or anxiety. The Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist predicts post‐traumatic stress disorder in community cohorts although no studies meeting the selection criteria included male participants.Relevance to clinical practice. This review provides recommendations for the use of the Geriatric Depression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and The Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist based on examination of the published evidence for the application of these screening tools in samples approximated to community nursing cohorts. Findings and recommendations would guide community nurses, managers and health planners in the selection of mental health screening tools to promote holistic community nursing care.
Preparation and Properties of a Heat‐Treated Human Plasma Protein Fraction
Authors: HINK JOHN H. , HIDALGO JOHN , SEEBERG VICTOR P. , JOHNSON FREDERICK F. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryBy precipitating a particular mixture of albumins and globulins from an Effluent IV‐1 prepared by a modified fractionation procedure, a safe and osmotically active fraction was obtained from human plasma in high yield. The HTPF thus obtained is devoid of cat depressor activity. Both fibrinogen and gamma globulin can be recovered from plasma by the method described.Technical details concerning the preparation of HTPF are given. Results of physico‐chemical measurements show that during heating at 60°C. for over 10 hours little change occurs to the proteins present in HTPF. Pharmacological data show HTPF to be an effective plasma volume expander.RésuméPar précipitation d'un mélange particulier d'albumines et de globulines provenant d'un Effluent IV‐1 préparé par un procédé de fractionnement modifié, les auteurs ont pu obtenir à grand rendement une fraction de plasma humain ne présentant pas de danger de transmission de l'hépatite et d'une activité osmotique satisfaisante. Cette HTPF (heat‐treated plasma fraction) est dépourvue d'effet dépresseur chez le chat. La méthode employée pour l'obtenir permet aussi de récupérer la fibrinogène et la gammaglobuline. Les détails technique de la méthode sont décrits. L'analyse physio‐chimique a montré qu'après 10 heures de chauffage à 60° les protéines présentes dans l'HTPF ont été à peine modifiées. Des études pharmacologiques il ressort que l'HTPF est un expanseur plasmatique efficace.ZusammenfassungDurch Ausfällen einer Albumin‐Globulin‐Mischung aus einem nach einer modifizierten Fraktionierungsmethode gewonnenen Eluat IV‐1 gelingt es, aus menschlichem Mischplasma eine pasteurisierbare und daher hepatitissichere Fraktion mit hoher osmotischer Aktivität in guter Ausbeute zu gewinnen. Diese als HTPF bezeichnete Lösung zeigt an der Katze keine Depressoraktivität. Als Nebenprodukte können bei diesem Verfahren aus dem Plasma Fibrinogen und Gamma‐globulin gewonnen werden. Die technische Herstellung von HTPF wird eingehend beschrieben. Physikochemische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß die im HTPF enthaltenen Proteine durch die Pasteurisation nur unbedeutende Veränderungen erleiden. Pharmakologische Untersuchungen zeigten, daß HTPF ein wirksames Präparat zur Kreislauffüllung darstellt.
Studies on the Nature of the Immune Adherence Receptor
Authors: Nelson D. S. , Uhlenbruck G. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryStudies were made on the inhibitory effects of various substances on haemagglutination due to immune adherence of sheep erythrocyte‐antibody‐complement complexes (EAC′) to human erythrocytes. Two methods of measuring inhibition were tested. The more satisfactory of these was semi‐quantitative and involved determination of the number of EAC′ complexes, formed with a fixed amount of complement, required to produce immune adherence haemagglutination in the presence and in the absence of inhibitor. Ghosts prepared by lysis of normal human erythrocytes in distilled water or by freezing and thawing inhibited immune adherence haemagglutination. Ghosts from non‐reactive animal or human erythrocytes or from papain‐treated human erythrocytes did not inhibit immune adherence haemagglutination. Ageing of erythrocytes in vitro was accompanied by loss of inhibitory power of ghosts prepared from them. Some mucoids extracted from human erythrocytes and most samples of mucopeptides extracted from human erythrocytes were inhibitory. Comparison of the inhibitory power of ghosts and mucopeptides indicated that considerable loss of activity occurred during extraction. It is suggested that the immune adherence receptor was partially degraded during extraction and that the mucopeptides acted as ‘incomplete analogues' of the receptor. It is considered more likely that the immune adherence receptor lies in the peptide part of such material than in the carbohydrate part. Neuraminic acid had no inhibitory activity. Active inhibitors were also extracted from bovine erythrocytes and human platelets, which do not react in immune adherence. The possibility is suggested that the immune adherence receptor may be present but masked or present in incomplete form on some non‐reactive cells.
BS II Lectin: A Second Hemagglutinin Isolated from Bandeiraea Simplicifolia Seeds with Affinity for type III Polyagglutinable Red Cells
Authors: Judd W. J. , Beck M. L. , Hicklin B. L. , Iyer P. N. Shankar , Goldstein I. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. BS II lectin, a second hemagglutinin isolated from Bandeiraea Simplicifolia seeds, agglutinated the red cells from 11 patients manifesting the ‘acquired B’ antigen phenomenon. The results of serological studies indicate that this lectin has specificity for the type III polyagglutinable receptors rather than for the ‘B‐like’ antigens present on ‘acquired B’ red cells.Two other blood samples which did not possess ‘acquired B’ antigens were also found to react with BS II lectin. Both of these samples were shown to have properties similar to those reported for Tk red cells. The serological characteristics of red cells modified in vitro by a culture broth of Bacteroides fraglis suggest that type III polyagglutinable receptors are identical to those associated with Tk red cells.
Plasma Exchange in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Cotter F.E. , Newland A.C. , Turnbull A.L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. We present data on 5 cases with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura treated with plasma exchange in whom conventional drug therapy had been ineffective. In 3, preparation for splenectomy allowed the operation to be performed without bleeding problems. 1 patient who was unfit for splenectomy underwent successful coronary artery vein grafting following preparation with plasma exchange. 2 patients were maintained for variable periods with intermittent exchanges, 1 prior to splenectomy and 1 post‐splenecto‐my.In summary we had no prolonged response to plasma exchange but found it a useful technique as preparation for or adjunctive to more conventional therapy. It was also helpful in patients unresponsive to other forms of therapy who required a brief increase in platelet count to cover surgery or spontaneous haemorrhage.
Beta‐Propiolactone for the Inactivation of Non‐A/Non‐B Type 1 Hepatitis Virus Capable of Inducing Cytoplasmic Tubular Ultrastructures in Chimpanzees
Authors: Yoshizawa H. , Itoh Y. , Iwakiri S. , Kitajima K. , Noguchi Y. , Tachibana K. , Nakamura T. , Miyakawa Y. , Mayumi Dr.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNon‐A/Non‐B type 1 hepatitis virus may be recognized because it induces characteristic tubular ultrastructures in the hepatocyte cytoplasm of chimpanzees. 3 chimps received 0.1 ml of a chimp serum containing more than 100 chimp infecting units of non‐A/non‐B type 1 hepatitis virus after it had been treated with β‐propiolactone with or without combined ultraviolet irradiation. All of the chimps escaped infection throughout the observation period of 23 weeks. The treatment of the serum with β‐propiolactone at the mildest condition employed (0.05%, 4°C, 20 min) was still effective in inactivating the virus. The susceptibility of the chimps was ascertained by the subsequent challenge with 0.1 ml of the untreated serum which invariably induced non‐A/non‐B type 1 hepatitis in them. On the basis of these results, β‐propiolactone was extremely efficacious for the cold sterilization of non‐A/non‐B type 1 hepatitis virus.
Plasma Discolouration Due to Sun‐Tanning Aids
Authors: Bareford D. , Cumberbatch M. , Tovey L. Derrick 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe ingestion of the new sun‐tan capsules ‘Orobronze’ containing the carotenoid derivative canthaxanthin discolours plasma orange. This is noticeable in the plasma of blood donations received 4 days after starting the capsules and continues for a further 4 weeks after finishing the course. This cause of plasma discolouration should be recognised as it was found to mask haemolysis within a plasma sample.
An International Reference Typing for Ch and Rg Determinants on Rare Human C4 Allotypes1
Authors: Rittner Ch. , Tippett P. , Giles C.M. , Mollenhauer E. , Berger R. , Nordhagen R. , Buskjœr L. , Bruun‐Petersen G. , Lamm L. , Roos M.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRed cells, serum and plasma samples of 20 individuals, selected for their C4 allotypes, were distributed from Bonn to five laboratories, for investigation of their Chido (Ch) and Rodgers (Rg) determinants. One anti‐Ch (M.H.) and one anti‐Rg(Prest.) were distributed, but the individual laboratories also used their own reagents and their own typing methods. There was general agreement in interpretation of the majority of samples. Partial inhibition for Ch and Rg was detected. Two samples gave anomalous results; one sample with C4 A1,3 BQO, QO had Ch determinants on the red cells and in plasma (partial inhibition), and another sample with C4 A3,4 B5, QO apparently lacked Ch determinants on the red cells and in plasma. Heterogeneity of anti‐Ch and anti‐Rg was suggested in testing red cells, perhaps, reflecting a quantitative effect. This heterogeneity was confirmed by inhibition studies. The capacity of some reagents to detect partial inhibition probably reflects qualitative as well as quantitative differences.