bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
'Like Pulling Teeth': Oral Discourse Practices in a Culturally Diverse Language Arts Classroom
Authors: Wiltse Lynne V. (Lynne Valerie) 
Published: January 2007

This article examines community practices, in particular oral discourse practices, in a junior high school classroom in an urban area of Western Canada. The purpose of the research was to determine what contribution a 'community of practice' (COP) framework could make to the study of social interaction in a classroom setting. Qualitative research methods were used to explore studentâstudent and studentâteacher interaction in a culturally and linguistically diverse Grade 9 classroom. Of particular interest was why a language arts teacher who claimed to love teaching through dialogue rarely initiated classroom discussion. Study findings demonstrated that the teacher's practices were shaped by the social structure of the classroom community. The article explores the teacher's role in disrupting cultural practices that limit students' participation. In conclusion, the article makes an argument for scaffolding to be added to the COP framework if it is to be utilized to advantage in classroom settings and suggests incorporating hybrid literacy practices in multilingual contexts.	Résumé Cet article examine les habitudes communautaires, en particulier le discours oral, d'une classe d'école secondaire située dans une région urbaine de l'Ouest du Canada. Le but de la recherche était de déterminer quelle contribution une structure renfermant une Â« habitude communautaire Â» (community of practice - COP) pourrait avoir sur l'étude de l'interaction sociale d'une classe d'enseignement. Des méthodes de recherche qualitative ont été utilisées pour étudier les interactions d'élève-Ã -élève et de professeur-Ã -élève dans une classe de 9e année caractérisée comme culturellement et linguistiquement diverse. Ce qui était d'intérêt particulier était d'observer pourquoi un professeur d'arts langagiers, qui disait aimer enseigner en utilisant des dialogues, initiait rarement des discussions de groupe. Les résultats de la recherche ont démontré que les pratiques et habitudes du professeur étaient influencées par la structure sociale de la classe. L'article explore le rôle du professeur en tant que perturbateur des habitudes culturelles qui limitent la participation des élèves. En conclusion, l'article soutient que [End Page 199] Â« l' échafaudage d'apprentissage Â» devrait être ajouté Ã la structure d'habitude communautaire, si celui-ci pourrait améliorer la situation dans les classes et il suggère aussi d'incorporer des habitudes hybrides d'alphabétisation dans des contextes multilinguistiques.
Student Politics, National Politics: Mexico’s National Student Union, 1926–1943
Authors: Espinosa David 
Published: January 2007

In 1926 students enrolled in Mexico City’s exclusive Catholic preparatory schools faced a crisis that threatened to ruin their academic careers. They were in a serious quandary because officials at the government-supported National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) were placing what were viewed as unfair obstacles to their plans of matriculating into the university, thereby threatening the aspirations that these students and their parents had for their futures. Their predicament was directly related to the deteriorating political climate that would soon produce the religious civil war known as the Cristero Rebellion of 1926-1929. These students were being victimized by pro-government UNAM officials because of their Catholic Church affiliation; this at a time that the Church was locked in a bitter struggle with President Plutarco Elías Calles (1924-1928). The heart of the conflict was Calles’s steadfast determination to enforce the anticlerical provisions contained in the Constitution of 1917. This landmark document encapsulated many of the central demands of the men and women who, like President Calles, had fought in the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). Calles was a dedicated anticlerical who believed that the nation’s social, political, economic, and educational development required a dramatic reduction in the Roman Catholic Church’s influence within Mexican society.By mid 1926 these affected students had organized themselves into a citywide student group, the Union of Private School Students, with the goal of defending themselves from what they perceived to be the arbitrary, ideologically driven actions of university officials. However, the evolution of this nascent student organization changed dramatically when its activities drew the attention and interest of the country’s most important Catholic official, the Archbishop of Mexico José Mora y del Río.
Underinsurance and Key Health Outcomes for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Oswald Donald P. , Bodurtha Joann N. , Willis Janet H. , Moore Melinda B. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE. The objective was to examine the relationship between underinsurance and other core outcomes for children with special health care needs.
METHODS. This study analyzed data from the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs. Two alternative definitions of underinsurance, designated attitudinal and economic, were investigated. Logistic regression models in which the response variables were the child's status for each of the target core outcomes and underinsurance status was a dichotomous predictor variable were created. In addition to underinsurance status, 10 other predictor variables were included in the model.
RESULTS. Underinsurance is associated with the Maternal and Child Health Bureau core outcomes for children with special health care needs related to satisfaction with care and partnering with families in decision-making, access to a medical home, community-based service delivery that is easy to use, and access to services to make transitions to adulthood. In each case, children with special health care needs who were underinsured had significantly poorer outcomes than did children who were adequately insured.
CONCLUSIONS. Although these results cannot clarify the cause of poorer outcomes, there are clear negative effects associated with the problem of underinsurance. Inadequate health care coverage for children with special health care needs may save dollars in the short-term but, if other outcomes are compromised, then children, their families, and society at large may pay a price in the longer term.
Clinical Correlation of Chromosome 22q11.2 Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Analysis and Velocardiofacial Syndrome
Authors: Oh Albert K. , Workman Laura A. , Wong Granger B. 
Published: January 2007

Objective: To identify characteristics associated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 ascertained by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), cleft palate, or other clinical features of velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). Design/Setting: Retrospective review of all patients entered at one tertiary-level multidisciplinary cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies panel from January 2000 to December 2003. Patients: The study consisted of 115 patients. The presence or absence of the following clinical features was documented: cleft palate (submucous and overt), VPI, cardiac anomalies, renal anomalies, small stature, characteristic facies, developmental delay, psychiatric dysfunction, and family history. Main Outcome Measure: Correlation between presence or absence of clinical features of VCFS and presence or absence of 22q11.2 microdeletion by FISH analysis. Results: Of the 16 patients (13.9%) who demonstrated 22q11.2 microdeletion by FISH analysis, 16 had VPI (100%), 16 had small stature (100%), 14 had cleft palate (88%), and 13 had characteristic facies (81%). Developmental delay was also present in 13 of these patients (81%), and seven had cardiac anomalies (44%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the presence of characteristic facies and small stature statistically correlated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 by FISH studies (p < .05). Conclusions: Patients with microdeletions of chromosome 22q11.2 as demonstrated by FISH analysis were more likely to have VPI, small stature, cleft palate, characteristic facies, and developmental delay, in descending order. Statistical analysis showed that only characteristic facies and small stature correlated with 22q11.2 microdeletions.
Activin A Efficiently Specifies Definitive Endoderm from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Only When Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Is Suppressed
Authors: McLean Amanda B. , D'Amour Kevin A. , Jones Karen L. , Krishnamoorthy Malini , Kulik Michael J. , Reynolds David M. , Sheppard Alan M. , Liu Huiqing , Xu Ying , Baetge Emmanuel E. , Dalton Stephen 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Human ESCs (hESCs) respond to signals that determine their pluripotency, proliferation, survival, and differentiation status. In this report, we demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) antagonizes the ability of hESCs to differentiate in response to transforming growth factor β family members such as Activin A and Nodal. Inhibition of PI3K signaling efficiently promotes differentiation of hESCs into mesendoderm and then definitive endoderm (DE) by allowing them to be specified by Activin/Nodal signals present in hESC cultures. Under conditions where hESCs are grown in mouse embryo fibroblast-conditioned medium under feeder-free conditions, ∼70%–80% are converted into DE following 5 days of treatment with inhibitors of the PI3K pathway, such as LY 294002 and AKT1-II. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based gene expression profiling demonstrates that definitive endoderm formation under these conditions closely parallels that following specification with elevated Activin A and low fetal calf serum (FCS)/knockout serum replacement (KSR). Reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling was found to be critical for cell fate commitment into DE. Levels of insulin/IGF present in FCS/KSR, normally used to promote self-renewal of hESCs, antagonized differentiation. In summary, we show that generation of hESC-DE requires two conditions: signaling by Activin/Nodal family members and release from inhibitory signals generated by PI3K through insulin/IGF. These findings have important implications for our understanding of hESC self-renewal and early cell fate decisions.
A Prototype Infant Incubator for Heliox Therapy
Authors: Singhaus Clifford J. , Touch Suzanne M. , Greenspan Jay S. , Wolfson Marla R. , Shaffer Thomas H. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Heliox (Hx) gas has been shown to improve pulmonary function in infants, but methods for its delivery are invasive and problematic. To this end, we modified an Isolette (Hill-Rom Air-Shields) infant incubator (Hxl) to deliver Hx respiratory gas mixtures noninvasively while providing thermal stability for neonatal care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In vitro tests and in vivo animal studies were performed to compare the original design specifications and established baseline performance criteria for the Hxl design. The experimental environments at 50% and 80% relative humidity (RH) consisted of helium (He) with 21% and 50% O2 and control (C) of 21% and 50% O2 with the balance nitrogen (N2). Elapsed times to steady state (SS) and recovery time back to SS (OCDss) due to opening and closing the door were recorded for each variable. All rabbits survived and appeared comfortable during all experimental conditions. These data show that the newly designed Isolette provides similar thermal, O2, CO2, and RH responses as the control incubator. Based on these positive safety/efficacy studies, study of the therapeutic impact of Hxl care on neonatal growth and development is in progress.
Neighbourhoods of independence and associated geometry in manifolds of bivariate Gaussian and Freund distributions
Authors: Arwini Khadiga , Dodson Christopher 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
We provide explicit information geometric tubular neighbourhoods containing all bivariate distributions sufficiently close to the cases of independent Poisson or Gaussian processes. This is achieved via affine immersions of the 4-manifold of Freund bivariate distributions and of the 5-manifold of bivariate Gaussians. We provide also the α-geometry for both manifolds. The Central Limit Theorem makes our neighbourhoods of independence limiting cases for a wide range of bivariate distributions; the topological character of the results makes them stable under small perturbations, which is important for applications in models of stochastic processes.
Occurrence of Strongyloides papillosus associated with extensive pulmonary lesions and sudden deaths in calves on a beef farm in a highland area of South Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Authors: Kváč M. , Vítovec J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Prevalence and intensities of excretion of Strongyloides papillosus eggs were determined in a highland area of South Bohemia (Czech Republic) in cattle of beef herds under three types of management systems (pasture, semipasture, cowshed during winter season). Strongyloides papillosus infection was found on 6 of 9 examined farms and from the 1902 fecal samples, 4.3 % were positive. Eggs excretion intensities were generally low. The high prevalence (57 %) and high intensities of excretion (more than 5.000 EPG) were found on one cowshed farm associated with 25 % mortality of calves without previous clinical signs was observed. Pulmonary pathological changes caused by migration of larvae were histologically characterized as suppurative granulomatous inflammation with young connective tissue and predominance of eosinophils in inflammatory infiltrates. The cause of death of calves was determined as the sudden death syndrome.
The role of wild carnivores in the maintenance of trichinellosis in the Tatras National Park, Slovakia
Authors: Hurníková Z. , Chovancová B. , Bartková D. , Dubinský P. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A survey on trichinellosis in wild carnivores and their role in the transmission of parasite in the model territory of the Tatras National Park was conducted in years 2005–2006. Muscle samples of 102 wild predators representing 10 species belonging to families Canidae, Mustelidae and Ursidae were examined. The highest prevalence of Trichinella britovi was established among red foxes (19.7 %) and martens (37.5 %). The parasite was also detected in European polecat and brown bear. No infection was present in wolves, badgers, otters, weasels, and stoats. The results show that in circulation of trichinellosis in nature various carnivore species are included. The high number of infected martens is indicative of their role in maintenance of trichinellosis that should be considered due to synantropic behaviour of these animals.
Some digenetic trematodes of the olive ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines, Cheloniidae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Santoro M. , Morales J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Three species of digeneans including 1 Gorgoderidae (Plesiochorus cymbiformis) from the urinary bladder, 1 Plagiorchiidae (Enodiotrema megachondrus) from the duodenum, and 1 Pachypsolidae (Pachypsolus irroratus) from the stomach were recovered from 2 of 3 olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) found stranded along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. All trematodes represent new locality records. Histopathological changes associated with eggs of cardiovascular flukes (Digenea, Spirorchiidae) were described from the lungs, spleen, and intestine of a single turtle.
Temporal dynamics of soil nematode community structure under invasive Ambrosia trifida and native Chenopodium serotinum
Authors: Liang W. , Li F. , Li Q. , Zhang W. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Temporal dynamics of soil nematode community structure at the depth of 0 — 30 cm was compared under invasive Ambrosia trifida and native Chenopodium serotinum in an abandoned cropland in Northeast China. The results showed the difference of nematode taxa and dominant genera under A. trifida and C. serotinum during the study period. Acrobeloides and Paratylenchus were found to be dominant genera under both A. trifida and C. serotinum. Helicotylenchus prevailed in soil with C. serotinum, while Macroposthonia was dominant in soil with A. trifida. Nematode taxa was higher under A. trifida than under C. serotinum from June to September. Except in the July, significantly higher numbers of plant-parasites were observed under A. trifida than under C. serotinum during the study period (P < 0.05). Nematode taxa, Simpson index and structure index were found to be sensitive indicators that detected nematode community structural differences under A. trifida and C. serotinum during the study period.
First evidence of Paraheligmonina gracilis and Hymenolepis sulcata among fat dormice (Glis glis L.) from Croatia
Authors: Konjević D. , Špakulová M. , Beck R. , Goldová M. , Severin K. , Margaletić J. , Pintur K. , Keros T. , Perić S. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The present study reports for the first time on the helminth species occurring in the gastro-intestinal system of fat dormice (Glis glis) in Croatia. Out of 55 dormice, 63.7 % harboured helminths belonging to two species, the nematode Paraheligmonina gracilis (syn. Longistriata elpatievskii) (Heligmonellidae, Trichostrogyloidea) in the prevalence of 52.7 %, and the cestode Hymenolepis sulcata (Hymenolepididae, Cyclophyllidea) in the prevalence of 32.7 %. Concurrent infections of both parasites were found in 12 fat dormice, P. gracilis alone was detected in 17 hosts and H. sulcata alone in 6 samples. No influence of parasitic infestation on animal weight was observed. Glirid helminths do not represent zoonotic pathogens despite the fact that dormice occasionally inhabit cottages and village houses, and are used in human nutrition.
How children narrate happy and sad events: does affective state count?
Authors: Gobbo Camilla , Raccanello Daniela 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe influence of induced affective states on children's narratives of personal events was investigated. The affective state of 5‐to‐6‐year‐old children, 128 in number, was manipulated by way of winning or losing a game. They were then asked to narrate happy or sad personal events. A self‐report instrument indicated that a different affective state was indeed induced by the two game conditions. Narratives were coded for agency, affective aspects and structural complexity (antecedents). The negative condition influenced attribution of causality and intention to agent and addressee, according to a self‐serving bias and affected number of antecedents. Moreover, in the negative condition, global intensity revealed a congruency effect, in line with the Affect Infusion Model. However, mental states varied with event valence, independent of affect‐inducing condition. Results are discussed in terms of the complexity of the relation between emotional event narratives and children's affective state. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lightness and Fluidity: Remarks Concerning the Aesthetics of Elegance
Authors: Goldblatt David 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOver the last century, elegance as a term has been conspicuously absent from discussions centred on both architecture and the philosophy of aesthetics. Elegance's time has, however, now come. David Goldblatt describes how the maturation of digital discourse has led to the onset of a new, multifaceted, sensual rationality that is evident in recent designs and constructed works. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the Structural Skin Zaha Hadid Architects: Marsa Dubai Residential Tower
Authors: Rahim Ali , Jamelle Hina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractContinuity of surface and structure when combined with a formal response to existing site‐features deliver a potent elegance. Ali Rahim and Hina Jamelle describe how Zaha Hadid Architects in their Marsa Dubai Residential Tower were able to adapt the internal organisation to site constraints and the building's immediate environment. This renders a sophisticated aesthetic, which neither impacts external conditions nor compromises the interior spaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notes on Designing Surficial Elegance
Authors: Bratton Benjamin H , Alonso Hernan Diaz 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMastery of technique is as essential as design ability to the production of elegant works. Elegant features can only be realised through an understanding of the systemic logics	of the digital environment and a full working knowledge of generative techniques. Benjamin H Bratton of The Culture Industry and Hernan Diaz Alonso of Xefirotarch describe Xefirotarch's wholly visceral, but exacting, approach to the design process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1D Tellurium Nanostructures: Photothermally Assisted Morphology‐Controlled Synthesis and Applications in Preparing Functional Nanoscale Materials
Authors: Zhang B. , Hou W. , Ye X. , Fu S. , Xie Y. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA facile visible‐light‐assisted solution‐phase approach has been successfully developed to synthesize trigonal Te 1D nanostructures. By varying the relative amount of H2TeO3 and water‐soluble polymers, wirelike, beltlike, tubular Te, and Te nanoparticle‐joined 1D aggregates, as well as a novel thorny 1D assembly of Te nanothreads can be synthesized on a large scale. The diameter of the Te nanowires can be modulated by controlling the nucleation and growth process through modulation of the pH value of the reaction mixture. It is believed that the light irradiation and thermal effect play a significant role in this photothermally assisted technique. We have shown that the Te nanowires can be used as a template to prepare Pt–Te nanochains, where the composition of Pt in the Pt–Te 1D products can be modulated by adjusting the ratio of the Te nanowires and Pt salts. Preliminary optical investigations reveal that blue–violet emission of Te nanowires can be enhanced by the formation of defects or dislocations in the Te region through the galvanic replacement reaction between Te nanowires and H2PtCl6. In addition, we demonstrate that Te 1D nanostructures can be utilized to prepare Te at carbon‐rich nanocables and carbonaceous nanotubes. Te–Pt at carbon‐rich nanocables can also be fabricated using Te–Pt nanochains as the template. These Pt–Te nanochains and carbonaceous nanostructures are expected to find wide applications in electrochemistry, catalysis, fuel cells, sensors, and other fields. Furthermore, the successful preparation of Te 1D nanostructures with abundant shapes, Pt–Te nanochains, and their carbonaceous composite nanomaterials will offer great opportunities to explore the dependence of novel properties of nanomaterials on their morphology and composition, regulate the photoconductivity of semiconductors, and also be essential for the manufacture of potential optoelectronic devices.