bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vexatious litigants and unusually persistent complainants and petitioners: from querulous paranoia to querulous behaviour
Authors: Mullen Paul E. , Lester Grant 
Published: May 2006

AbstractQuerulous paranoia was once of considerable clinical and academic interest in psychiatry. Over the last 40 years, however, it has virtually disappeared from the professional landscape. This decline occurred at the very time that a proliferation of complaint organizations and agencies of accountability were drawing more and more people into asserting their individual rights through the pursuit of claims and grievances. Querulous behaviour, as a result, far from declining, is on the increase, bringing with it suffering for the querulous and disruption to the organizations through which they seek their vision of justice.This article examines querulous behaviour in the vexatious litigant and in abnormally persistent complainants and petitioners. The phenomenological and nosological issues are outlined and the risks of the emergence of threatening and violent behaviour is emphasized. Threats should not be ignored, for a variety of reasons. Approaches to managing querulous behaviour in the courts and the complaint organizations are discussed, together with the utility of individual therapy. Querulous behaviour should once more take its place among the legitimate concerns of mental health professionals. Those caught up in a querulous pursuit of their notion of justice are amenable to management that can ameliorate their suffering and reduce the disruption they create. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal Nitrosyl Reactivity: Acetonitrile‐Promoted Insertion of an Alkylidene into a Nitrosyl Ligand with Fission of the NO Bond
Authors: Frech C. M. , Blacque O. , Schmalle H. W. , Berke H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTreatment of the complexes [Re(NO)2(PR3)2][BArF4] (R = Cy, 1 a; R = iPr, 1 b) with phenyldiazomethane gave the cationic benzylidene species [Re{CH(C6H5)}(NO)2(PR3)2][BArF4] (2 a and 2 b) in good yields. Upon reaction of 2 a and 2 b with acetonitrile, the consecutive formation of [Re(NCCH3)(NCPh)(NO)(OC(CH3)NH)(PR3)][BArF4] (3 a and 3 b) and [Re(NCCH3)(OC{CH3}NH{C6H5})(NO)(PR3)2][BArF4] (4 a and 4 b) was observed. The proposed reaction sequence involves the coupling of coordinated NO, carbene and acetonitrile molecules to yield the (1Z)‐N‐[imino(phenyl)methyl]ethanimidate ligand. The coupling of the nitrosyl and the benzylidene is anticipated to occur first, forming an oximate species. The subsequent acetonitrile addition can be envisaged as a heteroene reaction of the oximate and the acetonitrile ligand yielding 3 a and 3 b, which in turn can cyclise and undergo a prototropic shift initiated by an internal attack of the ethaneimidate ligand on the benzonitrile moiety to afford 4 a and 4 b.
Regioselective Ring‐opening Reaction of 1,2‐Epoxides with Arylselenol under Solvent‐free Conditions and Application to the Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Yang Ming‐Hua , Yuan Chao‐Ying , Pan Yi , Zhu Cheng‐Jian 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRegioselective ring‐opening reactions of 1,2‐epoxides with ArSeH catalyzed by Ti(OiPr)4 under solvent‐free conditions were investigated. A variety of β‐hydroxyselenides were obtained in excellent yields of 90%–97% and regioselectivities by a simple, atom economic and environment‐friendly procedure. Several N‐tosyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐ 2‐ones were prepared starting from the corresponding 1,2‐epoxides and ArSeH by a one‐pot three‐step procedure.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Binuclear Complex [Pr2(C10H8N2O4)2(C10H9N2O4)2(H2O)4]·3H2O·C6H6
Authors: Wu Wang‐Ting , Chen Feng‐Ying , He Shui‐Yang , Hu Huai‐Ming , Yang Meng‐Lin , Wang Yao‐Yu 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe binuclear praseodymium(III) complex with N‐(1‐carboxyethylidene)‐salicylhydrazide (C10H10N2O4, H2L) was prepared in H2O‐C2H5OH mixed solution, and the crystal structure of [Pr2L2(HL)2(H2O)4]·3H2O·C6H6 was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal complex crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P‐1, and in the structure each Pr atom is 9‐coordinated by carboxyl O and acyl O and azomethine N atoms of two tridentate ligands to form two stable five‐membered rings sharing one side in keto‐mode and two water molecules. The coordination polyhedron around Pr3+ was described as a monocapped square antiprism geometry. In an individual molecule, four tridentate ligands were coordinated by two negative univalent (HL) and two bivalent forms (L) respectively. Two negative univalent ligands were coordinated via μ2‐bridging mode.
Epsilon aminocaproic acid reduces transfusion requirements in patients with thrombocytopenic hemorrhage
Authors: Kalmadi Sujith , Tiu Ramon , Lowe Christopher , Jin Tao , Kalaycio Matt 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that has been used to control hemorrhage by stabilizing the thrombus. It has been used in thrombocytopenic patients largely on an empiric basis.METHODSConcerns regarding side effects have limited the use of this drug. The authors reviewed their experience with EACA at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation from 1997 to 2003.RESULTSOf 77 patients with thrombocytopenic hemorrhage, 51 (66%) patients achieved a complete response and 13 (17%) patients achieved a partial response, resulting in a decrease in platelet and red blood cell transfusions. Adverse effects were manageable in this set of patients with severe underlying disease.CONCLUSIONSBased on this experience, EACA may be a valuable adjunctive therapy in the treatment of patients with thrombocytopenic hemorrhage. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Brief cognitive‐behavioral audiotape interventions for cancer‐related pain
Authors: Anderson Karen O. , Cohen Marlene Z. , Mendoza Tito R. , Guo Hong , Harle Margaret T. , Cleeland Charles S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDFew studies have evaluated cognitive‐behavioral interventions as an adjunct treatment for chronic cancer‐related pain. A randomized clinical trial was performed evaluating the efficacy of 3 brief cognitive‐behavioral techniques: relaxation, distraction, and positive mood interventions.METHODSFifty‐seven patients with chronic cancer‐related pain taking opioid medications were randomly assigned to either the relaxation, distraction, positive mood, or waiting‐list control group. The patients in the 3 intervention groups received audiotapes of the cognitive‐behavioral technique and were asked to practice regularly at home. The tapes were supplemented with written instructions and follow‐up telephone calls.RESULTSPatients in the relaxation and distraction groups reported significantly reduced pain intensity immediately after listening to the tapes. The pain reduction was not maintained, however. At the 2‐week follow‐up assessment, no significant differences in pain intensity or interference were found among the treatment groups. The groups also did not differ with regard to secondary outcome measures assessing quality of life, mood, self‐efficacy, and other symptoms. The results of qualitative interviews indicated that patients often had difficulty focusing on the audiotapes and preferred their own methods of pain reduction.CONCLUSIONSBrief relaxation and distraction audiotape interventions produced immediate pain reductions but not longer‐term pain relief. Additional research with a more individualized intervention is needed to evaluate cognitive‐behavioral interventions for cancer pain control. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
The risk of secondary malignancies over 30 years after the treatment of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Tward Jonathan D. , Wendland Merideth M. M. , Shrieve Dennis C. , Szabo Aniko , Gaffney David K. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurvivors of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are at increased risk for developing secondary malignancies. For the current study, the authors quantitated this risk in a group of NHL survivors over 30 years of follow‐up.METHODSStandardized incidence ratios (observed‐to‐expected [O/E] ratio) and absolute excess risk of secondary malignancies were assessed in 77,876 patients who were diagnosed with NHL between 1973 and 2001 from centers that participated in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.RESULTSThere were 5638 patients who developed secondary malignancies, significantly more than the endemic rate (O/E, 1.14; P<.001). Overall, irradiated patients had a similar risk of secondary malignancies compared with unirradiated patients (relative risk, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.98‐1.10; P = .21). Irradiated patients had excess risk for sarcomas, breast cancers, and mesothelioma compared with unirradiated survivors (P<.05). Patients age <25 years at the time of their NHL diagnosis had the highest relative increased risk (no radiation: O/E, 2.1; P<.05; radiation: O/E, 4.51; P<.05). Overall, no statistical difference was observed for secondary cancer incidence between females and males (O/E, 1.12 vs. 1.15, respectively). Female survivors of NHL were less likely to develop breast cancer than the general population (O/E, 0.85; P<.05), but women age <25 years at the time of their NHL diagnosis were more likely to develop breast cancer (no radiation: O/E, 2.1; P<.05; radiation: O/E, 4.51; P<.05).CONCLUSIONSThe overall risk of secondary malignancies was increased for NHL survivors and varied according to age at NHL diagnosis, gender, and treatment. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Method of random spots for generation of synthetic inhomogeneous turbulent fields with prescribed autocorrelation functions
Authors: Kornev N. , Hassel E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA new method for synthesis of artificial turbulent fields is proposed. The idea of the method is based on the representation of the turbulent field as a collection of randomly placed spots with an unknown inner distribution of velocity determined from the prescribed autocorrelation functions. The proposed algorithm generates fluctuations with prescribed spatial integral length scales, integral time scales, two‐point spatial and one‐point temporal autocorrelations, as well as one‐point cross correlations between fluctuation components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relativistic diffusions and Schwarzschild geometry
Authors: Franchi Jacques , Le Jan Yves 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to introduce and study a relativistic motion whose acceleration, in proper time, is given by a white noise. We deal with general relativity and consider more closely the problem of the asymptotic behavior of paths in the Schwarzschild geometry example. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A guaranteed minimum throughput service for TCP flows using measurement‐based admission control
Authors: Fàbrega Lluís , Jové Teodor , Vilà Pere , Marzo José 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe propose a new scheme for a network service that guarantees a minimum throughput to flows accepted by admission control (AC). The whole scheme only uses a small set of packet classes in a core‐stateless network. At the ingress of the network each flow packet is marked into one of the sets of classes, and within the network, each class is assigned a different discarding priority. The AC method is based on edge‐to‐edge per‐flow throughput measurements using the first packets of the flow, and it requires flows to send with a minimum rate. We evaluate the scheme through simulations in a simple bottleneck topology with different traffic loads consisting of TCP flows that carry files of varying sizes. We use a modified TCP source with a new algorithm that forces the source to send with a minimum rate. We compare our scheme with the best‐effort service and we study the influence of the measurement duration on the scheme's performance. The results prove that the scheme guarantees the requested throughput to accepted flows and achieves a high utilization of network resources. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of a channel allocation scheme for multi‐service mobile cellular networks
Authors: Tang Shensheng , Li Wei 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a new channel allocation scheme, namely the dynamic partition with pre‐emptive priority (DPPP) scheme, for multi‐service mobile cellular networks. The system is modelled by a two‐dimensional Markov process and analysed by the matrix‐analytic method. A pre‐emptive priority (PP) mechanism is employed to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) requirement of the real‐time (RT) traffic at the expense of some degradation of non‐real‐time (NRT) traffic, while the victim buffer compensates the degradation and has no negative impact on the RT traffic. The complete service differentiation between new calls and handoff calls from different traffic classes is achieved by using the dynamic partition (DP) concept with the help of related design parameters. The performance analysis and numerical results show that the DPPP scheme, compared with the existing schemes, is effective and practical in multi‐service environments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of insulin secretion by cerulenin might be due to impaired glucose metabolism
Authors: Straub Susanne G. , Sharp Geoffrey W. G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundCerulenin, an inhibitor of protein acylation, has been used as a tool to study the potential role of protein acylation in a variety of activities in different cells, and in stimulus‐secretion coupling in pancreatic islets and clonal β‐cells.MethodsIn the present study we investigated its effects on stimulated insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and utilization, oxygen consumption and ATP levels.ResultsIn isolated rat pancreatic islets, cerulenin pre‐treatment (100 µM) inhibited insulin secretion in response to glucose, and to the non‐hydrolysable analogue of leucine, aminobicyclo‐[2,2,1]heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid (BCH). These data are in accord with the hypothesis that protein acylation could be involved in the stimulation of insulin secretion. However, we also found that cerulenin profoundly decreased glucose oxidation, glucose utilization, oxygen consumption and ATP levels. Consequently, decreased metabolism provides an alternative mechanism to inhibition of protein acylation that could explain the inhibition of insulin secretion by cerulenin.ConclusionsInhibition of insulin secretion by cerulenin can no longer be taken as evidence in favour of a role for protein acylation in the control of insulin release. As protein acylation is known to be involved in the normal functioning of proteins in stimulus‐secretion coupling and exocytosis, more direct approaches to understand its role(s) are required. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial Light‐Harvesting Systems by Use of Metal Coordination
Authors: Kobuke Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2006

AbstractConstruction of artificial light‐harvesting systems by metal coordination is reviewed. Light absorbing dyes include porphyrin, phthalocyanine, perylenebisimide and polypyridyl metal complexes. The supramolecular assemblies are obtained by ligand coordination to metal ions in the center or exterior of the chromophores. Supermolecules of discrete structures even in the solution phase are focused on, and methodologies to acquire large association constants are discussed. Complementary or multitopic coordination to the Zn2+ ion gives satisfactory results in obtaining stable and discrete supramolecular structures while maintaining the singlet excited state. Fast energy transfers among the chromophore units are analyzed satisfactorily to examine the properties of light‐harvesting antennae. Use of transition‐metal ions provides strong coordination, but intersystem crossing of the singlet excited state to the triplet becomes significant. Photophysical properties of such triplet excited species are reported in a limited number of cases and their properties are discussed in view of the light‐harvesting antenna function. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
DFT‐Verified Crystallographic Mechanism of Cycloplatination
Authors: Otto Stefanus , Chanda Arani , Samuleev Pavel V. , Ryabov Alexander D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractTwo key intermediates in the mechanistic cycle of cycloplatination of aryl oximes by PtII complexes were crystallographically characterized. trans‐[PtCl2(SOMe2)(N‐acetophenone oxime)] is an active precursor on the C–H cleavage reaction coordinate. The formation of trans‐[PtCl2(N‐benzaldehyde oxime)2] accounts for the rate retardation by excess oxime. DFT calculations support the crystallographic evidence that provides unequivocal proof for the electrophilic nature of cycloplatination. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Reservoir siltation in the semi‐arid highlands of northern Ethiopia: sediment yield–catchment area relationship and a semi‐quantitative approach for predicting sediment yield
Authors: Tamene L. , Park S. J. , Dikau R. , Vlek P. L. G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDue to shortage of rainfall and its increasing variability, moisture stress is identified to be one of the most critical factors affecting agricultural productivity in the drylands of Ethiopia. To circumvent this problem, a strategy of supplemental irrigation through surface water harvesting was adopted by the government and several micro‐dams have been built in the semi‐arid parts of the country. However, the benefits from the water harvesting schemes are not sustainable because of rapid water storage loss due to siltation. There is, therefore, an urgent need for improved catchment‐based erosion control and sediment management strategies. The design and implementation of such strategies require data on the rate and magnitude of sediment deposition. To this end, reservoir surveys were conducted to estimate sediment deposition rate for 11 reservoirs identified to be representative of catchments in the Tigray region of northern Ethiopia. Two approaches were employed during the survey: one was based on measurement of sediment thickness in reservoirs while the other was based on comparing the original and existing topography of the reservoir‐beds. The average annual sediment yield estimated for the study sites was about 19 t ha−1 y−1. An equation of the type SSY = 3á36A0á67 (with SSY = area specific sediment yield in t ha−1 y−1 and A = catchment area in km2) was also established for the study region, which is opposite to the ‘universal’ SSY–A relationship. In order to improve the sediment yield predictive capability of A, it was integrated with a factorial index that assesses the catchment's propensity to erosion and potential sediment yield. The effect of accelerated sediment deposition on water storage loss of reservoirs and possible controlling factors of the SSY–A relationship are outlined. The potential semi‐quantitative scoring approach to characterize catchments in terms of erosion sensitivity and the significance of the A‐index approach to predict SSY of similar catchments are also highlighted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature based image processing methods applied to bathymetric measurements from airborne remote sensing in fluvial environments
Authors: Carbonneau Patrice E. , Lane Stuart N. , Bergeron Normand 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBathymetric maps produced from remotely sensed imagery are increasingly common. However, when this method is applied to fluvial environments, changing scenes and illumination variations severely hinder the application of well established empirical calibration methods used to obtain predictive depth–colour relationships. In this paper, illumination variations are corrected with feature based image processing, which is used to identify areas in an image with a near‐zero water depth. This information can then be included in the depth–colour calibration process, which results in an improved prediction quality. The end product is an automated bathymetric mapping method capable of a 4 m2 spatial resolution with a precision of ±15 cm, which allows for a more widespread application of bathymetric mapping. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene valley aggradation driven by river mouth progradation: examples from Australia
Authors: Rustomji Paul , Olley Jon , Chappell John 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSince the end of the post‐glacial sea level rise 6800 years ago, progradation of river mouths into estuaries has been a global phenomenon. The responses of upstream alluvial river reaches to this progradation have received little attention. Here, the links between river mouth progradation and Holocene valley aggradation are examined for the Macdonald and Tuross Rivers in south‐eastern Australia. Optical and radiocarbon dating of floodplain sediments indicates that since the mid‐Holocene sea level highstand 6800 years ago vertical floodplain aggradation along the two valleys has generally been consistent with the rate at which each river prograded into its estuary. This link between river mouth progradation and alluvial aggradation drove floodplain aggradation for many tens of kilometres upstream of the estuarine limits. Both rivers have abandoned their main Holocene floodplains over the last 2000 years and their channels have contracted. A regional shift to smaller floods is inferred to be responsible for this change, though a greater relative sea level fall experienced by the Macdonald River since the mid‐Holocene sea level highstand appears to have been an additional influence upon floodplain evolution in this valley. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
River channel dynamics following extirpation of wolves in northwestern Yellowstone National Park, USA
Authors: Beschta Robert L. , Ripple W. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHistorical records indicate that gray wolves (Canis lupus) were extirpated from the upper Gallatin River Basin in the early 1900s. Following the removal of these large carnivores, elk (Cervis elaphus) began to increasingly browse streamside vegetation in the winter range, causing widespread loss of formerly extensive willow (Salix spp.) communities. Historical aerial photographs and chronosequences of ground photographs were used to characterize general changes in vegetation and channel morphology over time. In August of 2004, riparian vegetation and channel cross‐sections were surveyed along three reaches of the upper Gallatin River. Reach A was located upstream of the elk winter range (control reach) whereas reaches B and C (treatment reaches) were located within the elk winter range. Willow cover on floodplains averaged 85 per cent for reach A, but only 26 per cent and 5 per cent for reaches B and C, respectively. The average return period of calculated bankfull discharges was 3·1 yrs for reach A but increased to 32·4 yrs and 10·6 yrs for reaches B and C, respectively. The long‐term loss of streamside vegetation allowed channels to generally increase in hydraulic capacity (via increases in width, incision or both) and decrease their hydrologic connectivity with adjacent floodplains. This study documents, perhaps for the first time, the resultant impacts to riparian vegetation functions and stream channel characteristics following the extirpation of a large mammalian carnivore. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.