bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystalline bismuth oxide nanorods fabricated on Pt‐coated substrates using a trimethylbismuth and oxygen mixture
Authors: Kim Hyoun Woo , Lee Jong Woo , Shim Seung Hyun , Kebede Mesfin A. , Lee Chongmu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe current work reports the fabrication of crystalline Bi2O3 nanorods on Pt‐coated Si substrates using trimethylbismuth and O2 as the bismuth and the oxygen sources, respectively, in the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process. Their microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained nanorods were crystalline, with their diameters in the range of 20–200 nm. The absence of tip‐nanoparticle and the presence of predeposited Bi2O3 layer indicated that the growth was dominated by a vapor‐solid process. The photoluminescence measurements of the Bi2O3 nanorods at room temperature exhibited an emission band peaked at around 422 nm. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Power transformation models and volatility forecasting
Authors: Sadorsky Perry , McKenzie Michael D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper considers the forecast accuracy of a wide range of volatility models, with particular emphasis on the use of power transformations. Where one‐period‐ahead forecasts are considered, the power autoregressive models are ranked first by a range of error metrics. Over longer forecast horizons, however, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity models are preferred. A value‐at‐risk‐based forecast assessment indicates that, while the forecast errors are independent, they are not independent and identically distributed, although this latter result is sensitive to the choice of forecast horizon. Our results are robust across a number of different asset markets. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age‐related changes in the cerebral substrates of cognitive procedural learning
Authors: Hubert Valérie , Beaunieux Hélène , Chételat Gaël , Platel Hervé , Landeau Brigitte , Viader Fausto , Desgranges Béatrice , Eustache Francis 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCognitive procedural learning occurs in three qualitatively different phases (cognitive, associative, and autonomous). At the beginning of this process, numerous cognitive functions are involved, subtended by distinct brain structures such as the prefrontal and parietal cortex and the cerebellum. As the learning progresses, these cognitive components are gradually replaced by psychomotor abilities, reflected by the increasing involvement of the cerebellum, thalamus, and occipital regions. In elderly subjects, although cognitive studies have revealed a learning effect, performance levels differ during the acquisition of a procedure. The effects of age on the learning of a cognitive procedure have not yet been examined using functional imaging. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the cerebral substrates involved in the learning of a cognitive procedure, comparing a group of older subjects with young controls. For this purpose, we performed a positron emission tomography activation study using the Tower of Toronto task. A direct comparison of the two groups revealed the involvement of a similar network of brain regions at the beginning of learning (cognitive phase). However, the engagement of frontal and cingulate regions persisted in the older group as learning continued, whereas it ceased in the younger controls. We assume that this additional activation in the older group during the associative and autonomous phases reflected compensatory processes and the fact that some older subjects failed to fully automate the procedure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of warm‐supplementing kidney yang (WSKY) capsule added on risperidone on cognition in chronic schizophrenic patients: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐center clinical trial
Authors: Chen Zhen‐hua , Wang Gao‐hua , Wang Xiao‐ping , Chen Ren‐yun , Wang Hui‐lin , Yang Ming‐hua , Huo Yun‐xiang , Mei Hong‐bing 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of warm‐supplementing kidney yang (WSKY) capsule added on risperidone on cognition in chronic schizophrenic patients.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐center clinical trial was conducted. All 200 patients who met the DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia were randomly assigned to double‐blind treatment with WSKY capsule (n = 100) or placebo (n = 100) added on risperidone for 8 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the cognitive function assessment assessed by the classic form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) at baseline and week 8. The secondary outcome measures were assessed including the positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS), the social disability screening schedule (SDSS), and the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAM‐D‐17) at baseline, week 2, week 4, and week 8. The extrapyramidal side effects were assessed each week using the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) and rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects (RSESE), while adverse events were assessed using treatment emergent symptoms scale (TESS) as additional indicators of tolerability throughout the trial.ResultsThe response rates of the WSKY group for the number of completed categories (CC), errors responses number (ER), perseveringly errors responses number (PER), and conceptual level (CL) of WCST assessment were significantly higher than those of placebo. The reduction in the SDSS score from baseline to endpoint was significantly greater in the WSKY group than those in the placebo. There were no significant differences in the response rates for the correct responses number, perseveringly responses number (PR) of WCST between the treatment groups. The improvements in the WCST indexes, PANSS score, HAM‐D‐17 score were no significant differences from baseline to endpoint between the two groups at week 8.There were no significant differences in AIMS, RSESE, and TESS compared patients treated with WSKY capsule with those in placebo during treatment.ConclusionWSKY capsule added on risperidone may improve cognitive function, social function of the chronic schizophrenic patients, and the WSKY safely during treatment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and rapid automated radiosynthesis of [18F]fluoroacetate
Authors: Tang Ganghua , Tang Xiaolan , Wang Mingfang , Li Baoyuan , Liang Mingquan , Wang Quanshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo fully automated synthetic procedures of [18F]fluoroacetate ([18F]FAC) have been developed using a modified commercial TRACERlab FXFN synthesizer. One was a two‐step one‐pot procedure, consisting of nucleophilic [18F]fluorination of benzyl‐2‐bromoacetate as a precursor with no‐carrier‐added [18F]fluoride, hydrolysis within the same [18F]fluorination reaction vessel, and purification with/without high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The second procedure consisted of nucleophilic [18F]fluorination, hydrolysis on the column, and purification with SEP‐PAK cartridges instead of HPLC. The radiochemical purity of [18F]FAC was >95% by the two procedures. The second procedure was a simple, rapid, and fully automated synthesis of [18F]FAC with a high and reproducible radiochemical yield exceeding 60% (decay uncorrected) within the total synthesis time less than 20 min. The new, simple, and rapid on‐column hydrolysis procedure should be adaptable to the fully automated synthesis of [18F]FAC at a commercial fluoro‐deoxyglucose synthesis module. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient synthesis of [13C6]‐3,5‐dichloroaniline
Authors: Latli Bachir , Hrapchak Matt , Krishnamurthy Dhileepkumar , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract3,5‐Dichloroaniline is commonly found in many compounds with pharmacological and other biological activities. [13C6]‐Aniline or its hydrochloride salt was converted in three steps to [13C6]‐3,5‐dichloroaniline, which can be incorporated in compounds of interest and used as internal standards in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster emission and chemical reactions in oxygen and nitrogen ices induced by fast heavy‐ion impact
Authors: Ponciano C. R. , Martinez R. , Farenzena L. S. , Iza P. , Homem M. G. P. , Naves de Brito A. , Wien K. , da Silveira E. F. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTwo ices, O2 and a mixture of O2 and N2, are bombarded by 252Cf fission fragments (FF) (∼65 MeV at target surface); the emitted positive and negative secondary ions are analyzed by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF–SIMS). These studies shall enlighten sputtering from planetary and interstellar ices. Three temperature regions in the 28–42‐K range are analyzed: (1) before N2 sublimation, in which hybrid chemical species are formed, (2) before O2 sublimation, in which the TOF mass spectrum is dominated by low‐mass (O2)p cluster ions and (3) after O2 sublimation, in which (N2)p or (O2)p cluster ions are practically inexistent. In the first region, four hybrid ion series are observed: NOn−1+, N2On−2±, and N4On−4−. In the second region, two positive and negative ion series are identified: (O2)pO± and (O2)pO2±. Their yield distributions are fitted by the sum of two decreasing exponentials, whose decay constants are the same for all series. It is observed that the cluster ion desorption from solid oxygen is very similar to that of other frozen gases, but its yield distribution oscillates with a three‐ or six‐atom periodicity, suggesting O3 or 3O2 units in the cluster structure, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and vibrational spectroscopic studies on binary mixture of o‐chlorobenzaldehyde
Authors: Anis Fathima A. , Ramakrishnan V. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this work, a combined theoretical and spectroscopic study of binary mixture of liquid o‐chlorobenzaldehyde (OCBZ) is reported using ab initio calculations, Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopies. The purpose of this study was twofold: firstly, to describe the interaction of OCBZ in terms of bonding energies and preferred geometries; secondly, to characterize the spectroscopic effects on the vibrational modes of OCBZ in the binary mixture of different polar and nonpolar solvents. Ab initio calculations have proven to be a valuable tool for predicting relevant molecular structure and molecular parameters in the intermolecular interactions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occult malignancy rate associated with thoracodorsal vessel dissection for free flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Loiselle Frederick , Schrag Christiaan , Magi Enzio , Harrop A. Robert , Temple Walley , de Haas Vim , Lindsay Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of breast reconstruction following mastectomy is increasing, and currently sits at about 15%. Free flap reconstruction techniques using the thoracodorsal vessels as recipients provide an opportunity for a “second look” at the axillary nodal basin post‐mastectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the occult malignancy rate associated with free flap breast reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed to ascertain the occult malignancy rate of women who received a delayed free flap reconstruction at our institution between 1990 and 2001. Any additional therapy as a result of a positive result was also recorded.ResultsFree flap breast reconstructions between 1990 and 2001 totalled 322, and of those 136 reconstructions were delayed and met our inclusion criteria. An occult malignancy rate of 3.6% (five patients) was identified for these patients. Four patients received additional therapy as a result of this finding.ConclusionThis study serves to alert reconstructive surgeons to the potential for finding occult tumour during free flap breast reconstruction. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:94–96. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A phase field model for stem cell differentiation
Authors: Witterstein Gabriele 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOur aim is to develop a two‐dimensional model describing the dynamics of stem cell differentiation. Here we regard the differentiation process as a phase change in the biological material. The resulting phase field model is coupled with the description of liquid flows representing the motility of the cytoplasm. We show that in the process of phase change an additional stress force acts on the liquid particle. On assuming this additional force we can demonstrate that for the process of chemical‐induced differentiation the second law of thermodynamics is fulfilled. The entropy inequality ensures that the proposed model is consistent with thermodynamics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weak solutions to a stationary heat equation with nonlocal radiation boundary condition and right‐hand side in Lp (p⩾1)
Authors: Druet Pierre‐Étienne 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAccurate modelling of heat transfer in high‐temperature situations requires accounting for the effect of heat radiation. In complex industrial applications involving dissipative heating, we hardly can expect from the mathematical theory that the heat sources will be in a better space than L1. In this paper, we focus on a stationary heat equation with nonlocal boundary conditions and Lp right‐hand side, with p⩾1 being arbitrary. Thanks to new coercivity results, we are able to produce energy estimates that involve only the Lp norm of the heat sources and to prove the existence of weak solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen‐induced uterine abnormalities in TIMP‐1 deficient mice are associated with elevated plasmin activity and reduced expression of the novel uterine plasmin protease inhibitor serpinb7
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Hoang Etter , Nothnick Warren B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) is a multifunctional protein capable of regulating a variety of biological processes in a wide array of tissue and cell types. We have previously demonstrated that TIMP‐1 deficient mice exhibit alterations in normal uterine morphology and physiology. Most notably, absence of TIMP‐1 is associated with an altered uterine phenotype characterized by profound branching of the uterine lumen and altered adenogenesis. To begin to assess the mechanism by which TIMP‐1 may control these uterine events, we utilized steroid‐treated ovariectomized wild‐type and TIMP‐1 null mice exposed to estrogen for 72 hr. Administration of estrogen to TIMP‐1 deficient mice resulted in development of an abnormal uterine histo‐architecture characterized by increased endometrial gland density, luminal epithelial cell height, and abnormal lumen structure. To determine the mediators which may contribute to the abnormal uterine morphology in the TIMP‐1 deficient mice, cDNA microarray analysis was performed. Analysis revealed that expression of two plasmin inhibitors (serpbinb2 and serbinb7) was significantly reduced in the TIMP‐1 null mice. Associated with the reduction in expression of these inhibitors was a significant increase in plasmin activity. Localization of the novel uterine serpinb7 revealed that expression was confined to the luminal and glandular epithelial cells. Further, expression of uterine serpinb7 was decreased by estrogen and showed an inverse relationship with plasmin activity. We conclude from these studies that in addition to controlling MMP activity, TIMP‐1 may also control activity of serine proteases through modulation of serine protease inhibitors such as serpinb7. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 160–172, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of the Nanog gene by both positive and negative cis‐regulatory elements in embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells
Authors: Boer Brian , Cox Jesse L. , Claassen David , Mallanna Sunil Kumar , Desler Michelle , Rizzino Angie 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe transcription factor Nanog is essential for mammalian embryogenesis, as well as the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Work with ES cells and embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells previously identified positive and negative cis‐regulatory elements that influence the activity of the Nanog promoter, including adjacent cis‐regulatory elements that bind Sox2 and Oct‐3/4. Given the importance of Nanog during mammalian development, we examined the cis‐regulatory elements required for Nanog promoter activity more closely. In this study, we demonstrate that two positive cis‐regulatory elements previously shown to be active in F9 EC cells are also active in ES cells. We also identify a novel negative regulatory region that is located in close proximity to two other positive Nanog cis‐regulatory elements. Although this negative regulatory region is active in F9 EC cells and ES cells, it is inactive in P19 EC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that one of the positive cis‐regulatory elements active in F9 EC cells and ES cells is inactive in P19 EC cells. Together, these and other studies suggest that Nanog transcription is regulated by the interplay of positive and negative cis‐regulatory elements. Given that P19 appears to be more closely related to a later developmental stage of mammalian development than F9 and ES cells, differential utilization of cis‐regulatory elements may reflect mechanisms used during development to achieve the correct level of Nanog expression as embryogenesis unfolds. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 173–182, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective cauda equina hypertrophy with idiopathic inflammation
Authors: Hayashi Yuichi , Sakurai Takeo , Kimura Akio , Ikeda Takahide , Matsuyama Zenjiro , Suzuki Yoshihiro , Tanaka Yuji , Hozumi Isao , Hosoe Hideo , Takahashi Hitoshi , Inuzuka Takashi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA 20‐year‐old woman with selective cauda equina hypertrophy presented with muscle weakness and severe pain in the lower extremities. Serial immunotherapy was not effective. We performed biopsy of the cauda equina, and laminectomy and duraplasty of the thoracolumbar region. Biopsy revealed marked infiltration of small lymphocytes and foamy macrophages in the endoneurium. Three years after decompression surgery, her symptoms have improved slightly without progression or relapse. This is the first case of selective cauda equina hypertrophy with idiopathic inflammation. We propose that this is a new disease entity. Muscle Nerve, 2008
QoS experiences in native IPv6 networks
Authors: Liakopoulos Athanassios , Kalogeras Dimitrios , Maglaris Vasilis , Primpas Dimitris , Bouras Christos 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDeployment of IPv6 technology in research and commercial networks has accelerated in the last few years. Inevitably, as more advanced services take advantage of the new technology, IPv6 traffic gradually increases. Today, there is limited experience in the deployment of Quality of Service (QoS) for IPv6 traffic in backbone networks that support the Differentiated Services framework. As available software and hardware are designed to handle IPv4 packets, there is a need to accurately measure and validate performance of QoS mechanisms in an IPv6 environment. This paper discusses tests and technical challenges in the deployment of IPv6 QoS in core networks, namely the production dual stack gigabit‐speed Greek Research and Education Network (GRNET) and the IPv6‐only 6NET European test network, using both hardware and software platforms. In either case, we succeeded in delivering advanced transport services to IPv6 traffic and provided different performance guarantees to portions of traffic. The deployed QoS schema was common to IPv6 and IPv4; in most cases both v4 and v6 traffic exhibited comparable performance per class, while imposing no significantly different overhead on network elements. A major conclusion of our tests is that the IPv6 QoS mechanisms are efficiently supported with state‐of‐the‐art router cards at gigabit speeds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swelling behavior and network structure of hydrogels synthesized using controlled UV‐initiated free radical polymerization
Authors: Lee J. Hannah , Bucknall David G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractN‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (VP) and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymeric gels have been synthesized using UV‐initiated photopolymerization to understand their characteristic behavior for development as a bioengineering material, specifically for tissue expansion. The properties of the gels have been investigated by systematic variation of the monomer feed composition and initiator and crosslinker concentrations as well as UV irradiation intensity, which was controlled by various photomasks. The swelling kinetics and network characteristics for the various hydrogels were investigated through the observation of gel swelling behavior in saline solutions and compression modulus determination of the fully swollen hydrogels. The equilibrium swelling ratio (qe) of the gels increased as expected with increasing VP content and decreasing crosslinker concentration. However, it was found that as the amount of initiator or UV intensity increased, unexpectedlyqealso increased, which indicates a network structure with decreasing effective crosslink density (νe) (or increasing average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc)). Based on this anomalous swelling behavior and thermal analysis of the gels, a molecular structure is proposed consisting of increasing number of dangling chain ends within the polymer network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1450–1462, 2008
Cross‐resistance patterns to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides conferred by mutant ACCase isoforms in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (black‐grass), re‐examined at the recommended herbicide field rate
Authors: Délye Christophe , Matéjicek Annick , Michel Séverine 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Target‐site‐based resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. is essentially due to five substitutions (Isoleucine‐1781‐Leucine, Tryptophan‐2027‐Cysteine, Isoleucine‐2041‐Asparagine, Aspartate‐2078‐Glycine, Glycine‐2096‐Alanine). Recent studies suggested that cross‐resistance patterns associated with each mutation using a seed‐based bioassay may not accurately reflect field resistance. The authors aimed to connect the presence of mutant ACCase isoform(s) in A. myosuroides with resistance to five ACCase inhibitors (fenoxaprop, clodinafop, haloxyfop, cycloxydim, clethodim) sprayed at the recommended field rate.RESULTS: Results from spraying experiments and from seed‐based bioassays were consistent for all mutant isoforms except the most widespread, Leucine‐1781. In spraying experiments, Leucine‐1781 ACCase conferred resistance to clodinafop and haloxyfop. Some plants containing Leucine‐1781 or Alanine‐2096 ACCase, but not all, were also resistant to clethodim.CONCLUSION: Leucine‐1781, Cysteine‐2027, Asparagine‐2041 and Alanine‐2096 ACCases confer resistance to fenoxaprop, clodinafop and haloxyfop at field rates. Leucine‐1781 ACCase also confers resistance to cycloxydim at field rate. Glycine‐2078 ACCase confers resistance to all five herbicides at field rates. Only Glycine‐2078 ACCase confers clethodim resistance under optimal application conditions. It may be that Leucine‐1781 and Alanine‐2096 ACCases may also confer resistance to clethodim in the field if the conditions are not optimal for herbicide efficacy, or at reduced clethodim field rates. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry