bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, Stress, Anxiety, and Family Burden in Caregivers of Patients with Preexisting Severe Mental Illness and Their Coping Strategies during Omicron Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Thakur Manish Roshan , Patil Vaibhav , Shakya Pooja , Sood Mamta 
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:
There is limited research on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of patients with severe mental illness (SMI) during its late phase when sufficient and widespread knowledge about management and preventive aspects existed. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on caregivers of patients with SMI during Omicron wave.

Methodology:
We assessed 100 caregivers of patients with preexisting SMI diagnosed on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, 50 each of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) from December 14, 2021, to February 9, 2022. We assessed symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and family burden in caregivers and their coping strategies by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Hindi version, Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS), and Brief-Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced, respectively.

Results:
Caregivers of SMI experienced symptoms of depression (51%), anxiety (72%), and stress (13%), with significantly more symptoms of depression (P = 0.002) and anxiety (P = 0.025) in caregivers of SCZ. High caregiver burden (score: 25.76, > half of the total score on FBIS) was found with no significant difference in the two groups. Caregivers of SCZ used a greater number of emotion-focused coping strategies, whereas those with BD used more problem-focused coping, but the difference was not significant. A significant association was seen between coping strategies of substance use and depressed symptoms (P = 0.003), substance use and anxiety symptoms (P = 0.007); anxiety symptoms with denial (P = 0.001) anxiety symptoms and venting (P = 0.008) in caregivers of BD.

Conclusion:
Caregivers of patients with preexisting SMI experienced depression, anxiety, and high family burden during Omicron wave. They used both emotion- and problem-focused coping strategies.
Management of Medoja Granthi (pedunculated lipoma) by Apamarga Ksharasutra ligation and Ayurveda medications: A case report
Authors: Amarprakash Dwivedi , Mohapatra Bibek Kumar , Anaya Pathrikar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
A pedunculated lipoma is a benign fat tissue tumor conventionally treated by surgical excision. This condition can be correlated with Medoja Granthi. Ksharasutra ligation is an effective minimal invasive parasurgical procedure suggested for its management in Ayurveda.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this case report, a 65-year-old female patient came with complaints of swelling at the lateral aspect of the right upper arm, which was of normal skin color, mobile, nontender without any dilated veins, or elevated local temperature since 5 years and was diagnosed as Medoja Granthi. She was treated with Apamarga Ksharasutra ligation locally along with Triphala Guggulu (250 mg), two tablets twice a day orally with lukewarm water for 10 days, and Yastimadhu Ghrita local application at the base for 12 days.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:
In this case study, the pedicle of the lipoma de-sloughed completely on the 10th day of Ksharasutra ligation. Thus, Apamarga Ksharasutra therapy showed promising outcomes in pedunculated lipoma treatment without any adverse effects. Randomized clinical trials on an appropriate sample size can help establish the clinical efficacy of the treatment procedure adopted in the current case study in the management of Medoja Granthi.
Impact of Malaria Interventions on Anaemia amongst Pregnant Women in Ghana: A Secondary Analysis of Data
Authors: Dzameshie Benjamin , Dzenu Mabel W , Godson Wotordzor , Bokorgah Philip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
There is limited published literature available on the impact of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (Sp) as an intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) on anaemia amongst pregnant women in Ghana.

Materials and Methods:
The data from the United States Agency for International Development Malaria Indicator Survey in Ghana for 2016 and 2019 was used and analysed. Key variables, including anaemia status, ITN usage and IPTp-Sp uptake, were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression.

Results:
The pregnant women who took IPTp-Sp had a 17% lower likelihood of anaemia compared to non-users. In 2019, with increased ITN usage at 57.1%, anaemia prevalence decreased to 54.5%. Pregnant women combining ITN use and IPTp uptake had a 96% lower likelihood of anaemia than those who did not. The women aged 30–39 and ≥40 being 53%–69% less likely to be anaemic, respectively, than those <20 years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.47 [95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.79]). Education, parity and socio-economic status also influence anaemia risk.

Conclusion:
IPTp-Sp usage reduced anaemia risk in pregnancy. Combining ITN use and IPTp further decreased anaemia likelihood. Enhancing the uptake of these interventions amongst pregnant women is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes. The findings have relevance for malaria-endemic countries.
Assessment of ingestion dose to the members of public from marine biota
Authors: Suresh Sugandhi , Sartandel Sangeeta Jitendra , Vikram M. Joshi , Pulhani Vandana A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Natural radioactivity is ubiquitous, while the anthropogenic radioactivity is introduced into the environment due to manmade activities. The members of public (MOP) get exposed to both natural and anthropogenic radioactivity through the various routes of intake. The ingestion dose to MOP from natural (40K, 210Po, 226Ra, and 228Ra) and anthropogenic (90Sr and 137Cs) radionuclide through the consumption of benthic and pelagic marine biota collected from Thane creek, Mumbai was investigated. It was observed that 99.9% of ingestion dose is from natural radionuclide while, the anthropogenic radionuclides are contributing just 0.1%. Hence, the dose from anthropogenic radionuclide’s due to the consumption of marine biota is negligible compared to that from natural radionuclide’s which is also an insignificant contribution in the overall dose exposure to man.
Use of renewable energy in global energy mix and the challenges associated with their large-scale deployment
Authors: Singhal Pallavi , Chandra Anirudh , Pulhani Vandana , Kumar A. Vinod , Aswal Dinesh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Energy is the need for the future, and to fulfill this need, the use of renewable energy is a must. Furthermore, to counter the problem of global warming and climate change, the transition toward unconventional sources of energy is a requirement. Total global energy is majorly used in three sectors, namely, heating and cooling, transport, and electricity; however, the use and growth of renewable energy among these sectors are different. In this article, we discuss the potential of renewable energy in these sectors, the challenges associated with their large-scale deployment, and the possible solutions.
Evaluation of natural radioactivity in the soil surrounding Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Pemmaraju Padma Savitri , Ramesh B. , Sudhakar J. , Warrier Manoj , Rao A. D. P. , Kumar A. Vinod 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in soil samples collected during 2013–2018 from different 53 locations around Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, were determined using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. An R and D center of BARC is upcoming at Visakhapatnam, North coastal Andhra Pradesh. The annual effective dose (AED) and the radiation indices from the soil activity were evaluated to generate the baseline data for this area. The average activity concentrations of the naturally occurring radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the soil samples studied are 29 ± 8 Bq/kg, 31 ± 1 Bq/kg, 188 ± 2 Bq/kg, and 471 ± 10 Bq/kg, respectively. The concentration of 226Ra and 40K in the collected samples is comparable with the world average concentrations of 33 Bq/kg and 420 Bq/kg, however, 232Th is observed to be higher than the world average of 45 Bq/kg. AED due to external terrestrial radiation from the region studied is in the range the range 0.37 to 2.5 mSv/y with an average of 0.9 mSv/y. The mean radium equivalent activity values for around 70% of the studied samples are lower than the permitted levels of 370 Bq/kg. The mean external exposure index has been determined to be around the safe criterion limit of unity. The mean value of the representative level index Iϒ is 2.4. Higher values in some locations are due to thorium in monazite deposits. This report will be useful as preoperational study to evaluate the impact on the environment due to ongoing and future man-made developments.
Optimal gradient estimates of solutions to the insulated conductivity problem in dimension greater than two
Authors: Dong Hongjie , Li YanYan , Yang Zhuolun 
Published: March 2024

We study the insulated conductivity problem with inclusions embedded in a bounded domain in

\mathbb{R}^{n}

. The gradient of solutions may blow up as

\varepsilon

, the distance between inclusions, approaches to

0

. It was known that the optimal blow-up rate in dimension

n = 2

is of order

\varepsilon^{-1/2}

. It has recently been proved that in dimensions

n \ge 3

, an upper bound of the gradient is of order

\varepsilon^{-1/2 + \beta}

for some

\beta > 0

. On the other hand, optimal values of

\beta

have not been identified. In this paper, we prove that when the inclusions are balls, the optimal value of

\beta

is

[-(n-1)+\sqrt{(n-1)^{2}+4(n-2)}]/4 \in (0,1/2)

in dimensions

n \ge 3

.
Asymptomatic Enteric Virus Infections and Association with the Gut Microbiome in Rural Residents of Northern Laos
Authors: Sekiya Sae , Masuoka Hiroaki , Mizuno Yuki , Kibe Mihoko , Kosaka Satoko , Natsuhara Kazumi , Hirayama Kazuhiro , Inthavong Nouhak , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Tomita Shinsuke , Takayasu Lena , Suda Wataru , Yagyu Fumihiro , Umezaki Masahiro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
Viral gastrointestinal infections are an important public health concern, and the occurrence of asymptomatic enteric virus infections makes it difficult to prevent and control their spread. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with asymptomatic enteric virus infection in adults in northern Laos. Fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy participants who did not report diarrhea or high fever at the time of the survey in northern Laos, and enteric viruses were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Individual characteristics, including the gut microbiome, were compared between asymptomatic carriers and noncarriers of each enteric virus. Of the participants (N = 255), 12 (4.7%) were positive for norovirus genogroup I (GI), 8 (3.1%) for human adenovirus, and 1 (0.4%) for norovirus GII; prevalence tended to be higher in less-modernized villages. Gut microbial diversity (evaluated by the number of operational taxonomic units) was higher in asymptomatic carriers of norovirus GI or human adenovirus than in their noncarriers. Gut microbiome compositions differed significantly between asymptomatic carriers and noncarriers of norovirus GI or human adenovirus (permutational analysis of variance, P <0.05). These findings imply an association between asymptomatic enteric virus infection and modernization and/or the gut microbiome in northern Laos.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Tropical Diseases among Nursing Students: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fithriyyah Yayu Nidaul , Alda Atikah Kurnia , Satalar Tomi , Saifudin I Made Moh. Yanuar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
This study aimed to compare bachelor nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding tropical diseases. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 128 participants who were recruited using stratified random sampling and completed a sociodemographics questionnaire and KAP questionnaire concerning tropical diseases. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data, and inferential statistics, including one-way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U tests, were calculated to identify potential differences between variables. The study found nursing students who took the tropical nursing courses had better knowledge and attitudes regarding preventing tropical diseases than those who did not. Participants who took the tropical nursing courses had a significantly higher median knowledge score of 22 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 2 (P <0.001) and a median attitude score of 31 (IQR: 6, P = 0.02) compared with those who did not take it. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in practice regarding tropical diseases (P = 0.20). In conclusion, students who take tropical nursing courses may improve their knowledge and attitudes toward tropical diseases, but the two groups in this study did not significantly differ in practice, possibly because of self-reported practices rather than direct observation. This study highlights the potential of accurate digital information to provide credible resources in enhancing nursing students’ KAP concerning tropical diseases.
Low Rate of Asymptomatic Dengue Infection Detected in Coastal Kenya Using Pooled Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing
Authors: Kiener Melanie , Shayegh Nader , Nyathi Sindiso Victor , Ndenga Bryson Alberto , Mutuku Francis Maluki , LaBeaud Angelle Desiree 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT.
Asymptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections have important public health implications but are challenging to identify. We performed a cross-sectional study of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on pooled sera of asymptomatic individuals from the south coast of Kenya at two time periods to identify cases of asymptomatic viremia. Among 2,460 samples tested in pools of 9 or 10, we found only one positive case (0.04% incidence). Although pooling of samples has the potential to be a cost-effective and time-efficient method for asymptomatic DENV detection, mass cross-sectional pooled testing may not provide accurate data on rates of asymptomatic infection, likely owing to a decrease in the sensitivity with pooling of samples, a short period of viremia, or testing in the absence of an outbreak.
Deteksi Email Spam dan Non-Spam Berdasarkan Isi Konten Menggunakan Metode K-Nearest Neighbor dan Support Vector Machine
Authors: Salim Axel Natanael , Adryani Ade , Sutabri Tata 
Published: March 2024

Terhadap banyaknya kasus penyalahgunaan email yang berpotensi merugikan orang lain. Email yang disalahgunakan ini biasa dikenal sebagai email spam yang mana email tersebut berisikan iklan, scam, bahkan malware. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi email spam dan non-spam berdasarkan isi konten menggunakan metode K-Nearest Neighbor dan Support Vector Machine nilai terbaik dari algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor dengan pengukuran jarak Euclidean Distance. Support Vector Machine dan K-Nearest Neighbor dapat mengklasifikasi dan mendeteksi spam email atau non-spam email, K-Nearest Neighbor menggunakan perhitungan jarak Euclidean Distance dengan nilai K = 1,3, dan 5. Hasil evaluasi menggunakan confusion matrix yang menghasilkan bahwa motode K-Nearest Neighbor dengan nilai k=3 mendapatkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 92%, tingkat presisi sebesar 91%, recall sebesar 100%, dan f1_score sebesar 95%. Metode Support Vector Machine mendapatkan nilai akurasi sebesar 97% dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 97%, recall sebesar 100%, dan f1_score sebesar 98%. Hal ini menjadikan metode Support Vector Machine lebih unggal dibandingkan metode K-Nearest Neighbor dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu model yang dibangun juga sudah dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi spam dan non spam dari isi konten email baru.
Combining Thermodynamics and Kinetics to Investigate the Corrosion of 3Cr Steel and HP-13Cr Stainless Steel in Extreme Oil-Gas Environments
Authors: Xue Hao , Zhao Yang , Zhang Tao , Wang Fuhui 
Published: March 2024

The corrosion behavior of 3Cr steel and HP-13Cr stainless steel (SS) under high temperatures and CO2 or H2S pressure environments was investigated by immersion tests and multiple characterizations of corrosion films, and analyzed by combining the Pourbaix diagram and kinetic calculations. At 180°C/3.8 MPa CO2, both 3Cr steel and HP-13Cr SS exhibited double-layered corrosion films, comprising a crystalline FeCO3 outer layer and an inner Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3 layer. Furthermore, at 180°C/3.8 MPa H2S, the corrosion films of both steels consist of an outer crystalline pyrrhotite and pyrite layer and an inner Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3 layer. The corrosion resistance of 3Cr in H2S is inferior to that of HP-13Cr SS due to the influence of stress corrosion cracking but is close to that of HP-13Cr SS in CO2. Therefore, 3Cr steel could be considered a cost-effective alternative to HP-13Cr SS in CO2 environments.
Characterizing Heart Rate Response During Upper Extremity Repetitive Task Practice in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Davidson Sara , Bischof-Bockbrader Andrea , Zimmerman Eric , Rosenfeldt Anson B. , Alberts Jay L. , Linder Susan M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Importance: Although the cardiopulmonary benefits of aerobic exercise poststroke are well-established, typical stroke rehabilitation does not elicit an aerobic response.
Objective: To characterize heart rate response during upper extremity repetitive task practice (RTP) and determine factors that predict a higher aerobic intensity during RTP.
Design: Secondary analysis of a subset of data from a randomized clinical trial.
Setting: Research laboratory in a large academic medical center.
Participants: Patients with chronic stroke (N = 19).
Intervention: Participants received 90 min of RTP for 24 sessions across 8 wk.
Outcomes and Measures: Aerobic intensity as measured by heart rate reserve (HRR) during RTP.
Results: A total of 2,968 tasks were included in the analysis. Of the tasks performed, approximately 79.5% elicited a very light aerobic response (&lt;30% HRR), 10.2% elicited a light aerobic response (30%–39% HRR), and 10.3% elicited a moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic response (≥40% HRR). Of the tasks that elicited a moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic response, 54.1% were performed in standing, 79.7% were gross motor in nature, and 27.9% had targets at or above shoulder height. Standing position, targets at or above shoulder height, and gross motor tasks predicted higher HRR (all ps &lt; .001).
Conclusions and Relevance: To maximize aerobic intensity during poststroke RTP, therapists should include gross motor tasks trained in standing with targets at or above shoulder height.
Plain-Language Summary: The study characterizes heart rate response in stroke rehabilitation and identifies factors that predict a higher aerobic intensity during upper extremity repetitive task practice. Certain task characteristics were more likely to produce an aerobic response, including gross motor, targets at or above the shoulder, and a standing position. Occupational therapists should include gross motor tasks trained in standing with targets at or above shoulder height to maximize aerobic intensity during poststroke repetitive task practice. Monitoring heart rate may improve awareness of aerobic response to training.
Neuroforaminal Stenosis in the Lumbosacral Spine: A Scoping Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic Imaging, and Treatment
Authors: Cavazos Daniel R. , Higginbotham Devan O. , Nham Fong , Court Tannor , McCarty Scott , Sethi Anil , Vaidya Rahul 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE To conduct the first scoping review of lumbosacral neuroforaminal stenosis with respect to the pathophysiology, symptomatic manifestations, diagnostic imaging, and treatment options. METHODS A scoping literature review was conducted in accordance with the recommendations set forth by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), with English language restrictions stipulated to include articles pertaining to lumbosacral neuroforaminal stenosis. Databases maintained by PubMed, National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), and Google Scholar were queried from their inception date through December 2022. SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE A total of 276 articles were reviewed and 29 articles were included within the study. Within these articles, the anatomic origins of neuroforaminal stenosis were reviewed in detail and the resulting clinical manifestations were discussed. Recent studies evaluating the efficacy of existing diagnostic imaging modalities were summarized, along with potential future methods to improve sensitivity for detecting this entity and measuring foraminal stenosis via novel imaging techniques. Based on the literature, the conservative management and surgical treatment of lumbosacral foraminal stenosis were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Lumbar neuroforaminal stenosis represents a significant source of radicular pain that is often compounded by delayed diagnosis and incomplete treatment. This article represents the first scoping review of lumbosacral neuroforaminal stenosis with focus on diagnosis, management, and treatment for associated radicular pain. The goal is to reduce the incidence of untreated or unrecognized neuroforaminal stenosis in the setting of a complex decompression and fusion, as well as to promote minimally invasive surgery to address radicular pain from neuroforaminal stenosis. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques have the potential to improve the timeliness and durability of patients’ treatment options. Future directions for the diagnostic imaging of foraminal stenosis include efforts aimed at developing the nascent field of computerized mapping to reliably quantify stenosis and its impact on the exiting nerve root and associated dorsal root ganglia.