bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marketing Development: Live 8 and the Production of the Global Citizen
Authors: Biccum April 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis contribution argues that a recent crisis in British national narrative has been transformed into a marketing campaign for development. This is an exercise aimed at creating the figure of the ‘Global Citizen’, which has an attitude and aptitude for neoliberal globalization and which acts as a bulwark against recent mass popular protest criticizing the institutions of global governance. The marketing campaign for development culminated recently in a mass commodity spectacle in the form of Live 8, co‐opting the voices of critique and acting as a theatre of legitimation for neoliberal global governance. This has been done by the very actors who stand most to gain from the development agenda currently being proposed for Africa in G8 ministerial talks. This whole fiasco, which occurs within an environment of raging debates over the ‘new’ American imperialism, itself bears the mark of empire.
EU EASTERN ENLARGEMENT AND THE CONFIGURATION OF GERMAN‐POLISH INTER‐FIRM LINKAGES
Authors: KRÄTKE STEFAN , BORST RENATE 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the spatial configuration of German‐Polish inter‐firm linkages based on foreign direct investment. The analysis highlights that most of the German‐Polish inter‐firm linkages are based in West German economic centres, so that East Germany and particularly the Eastern border regions are facing the threat of falling behind those economic regions which take advantage of the chances offered by EU Eastern enlargement. However, within East Germany the region of Berlin‐Brandenburg proves to be the strongest centre of advanced economic linkages to Poland. In comparison to the West German metropolitan regions, Berlin‐Brandenburg firms with direct investment in Poland are characterised by a qualitatively advanced profile of activity branches, in which the technology‐centred and R&D‐intensive industrial branches as well as the highly qualified producer services have a dominant share. The region thus has a potential to become a centre of competence in German‐Polish economic relations.
THE KOMATI DOWNSTREAM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: TERRY ALAN 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTTo overcome widespread rural poverty, raise incomes and improve food security, Swaziland has begun a process of commercialisation of its subsistence farms. This strategy is based upon extending irrigation onto customary tenured land in the semi‐arid lowveld and converting land to sugar cane production. The paper demonstrates that if farmers adopt an irrigated home garden as a supplement to the cash crop, then food security may be improved. However, changes to the EU's Sugar Protocol is undermining the financial viability of the participating farmers’ associations and compromising the ability of the Komati Downstrean Development Project to improve living standards in the area. It argues that EU aid provided to offset changes to the EU Sugar Protocol should be targeted at the most vulnerable to those changes.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, PROXIMITY AND REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS
Authors: STERNBERG ROLF 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTResearch on regional innovation systems (RIS) suffers from two research gaps: The lack of focus on the entrepreneurial dimension and the dominance of empirical studies on intraregional networks and linkages between innovative actors. Referring to the agenda set by Oinas and Malecki, this paper deals with both interrelated issues. It is shown that while intraregional connections are without any doubt of great relevance for the functioning of RISs they bear the risk of lock‐in effects. The complementary importance of extra‐regional relationships for the innovativeness of economic regions is emphasised. Entrepreneurial migrants play a crucial role in such relationships. This paper provides a discussion of the five dimensions of proximity recently introduced by Boschma. It is argued that geographical proximity is only one, but often not the most important dimension. For international connections of innovative actors within RIS, cognitive and institutional proximity might be even more relevant.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL AND REPLICATION FUNCTION OF NEW FIRM FORMATION
Authors: KOSTER SIERDJAN 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTNew firm formation is commonly seen as a representation of the entrepreneurial capacity of a region. However, there is also a group of new firms that is based on the replication of existing business practices rather than on the entrepreneurial introduction of new practices. Both groups of founding types have a role in the explanation of regional economic development. This paper displays the spatial and industry patterns of two types of new firm formation representing each function: individual foundings and organisational foundings.
Intravital insights in skin wound healing using the mouse dorsal skin fold chamber
Authors: Sorg Heiko , Krueger Christian , Vollmar Brigitte 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe skin fold chamber is one of the most accepted animal models for studying the microcirculation both in health and disease. Here we describe for the first time the alternative use of the skin fold chamber in mice for intravital microscopic investigation of skin regeneration after creating a full dermal thickness wound. The dorsal skin fold chamber was implanted in hairless SKH1‐hr mice and a full dermal thickness wound (area ~4 mm2) was created. By means of intravital fluorescence microscopy, the kinetics of wound healing were analyzed for 12 days post wounding with assessment of epithelialization and nutritive perfusion. The morphology of the regenerating skin was characterized by hematoxylin‐eosin histology and immunohistochemistry for proliferation and microvessel density. The model allows the continuous visualization of wound closure with complete epithelialization at day 12. Furthermore, a sola cutis se reficientis could be described by an inner circular ring of vessels at the wound margin surrounded by outer radial passing vessels. Inner circular vessels presented initially with large diameters and matured towards diameters of less than 15 µm for conversion into radial spreading outer vessels. Furthermore, wound healing showed all diverse core issues of skin repair. In summary, we were able to establish a model for the analysis of microcirculation in the healing skin of the mouse. This versatile model allows distinct analysis of new vessel formation and maturation in regenerating skin as well as evaluation of skin healing under different pathologic conditions.
Second Life: an overview of the potential of 3‐D virtual worlds in medical and health education
Authors: Boulos Maged N. Kamel , Hetherington Lee , Wheeler Steve 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis hybrid review‐case study introduces three‐dimensional (3‐D) virtual worlds and their educational potential to medical/health librarians and educators. Second life (http://secondlife.com/) is perhaps the most popular virtual world platform in use today, with an emphasis on social interaction. We describe some medical and health education examples from Second Life, including Second Life Medical and Consumer Health Libraries (Healthinfo Island—funded by a grant from the US National Library of Medicine), and VNEC (Virtual Neurological Education Centre—developed at the University of Plymouth, UK), which we present as two detailed ‘case studies’. The pedagogical potentials of Second Life are then discussed, as well as some issues and challenges related to the use of virtual worlds. We have also compiled an up‐to‐date resource page (http://healthcybermap.org/sl.htm), with additional online material and pointers to support and extend this study.
Evaluating information skills training in health libraries: a systematic review
Authors: Brettle Alison 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroduction: Systematic reviews have shown that there is limited evidence to demonstrate that the information literacy training health librarians provide is effective in improving clinicians’ information skills or has an impact on patient care. Studies lack measures which demonstrate validity and reliability in evaluating the impact of training.Aim: To determine what measures have been used; the extent to which they are valid and reliable; to provide guidance for health librarians who wish to evaluate the impact of their information skills training.Methods: Data sources: Systematic review methodology involved searching seven databases, and personal files. Study selection: Studies were included if they were about information skills training, used an objective measure to assess outcomes, and occurred in a health setting.Results: Fifty‐four studies were included in the review. Most outcome measures used in the studies were not tested for the key criteria of validity and reliability. Three tested for validity and reliability are described in more detail.Conclusions: Selecting an appropriate measure to evaluate the impact of training is a key factor in carrying out any evaluation. This systematic review provides guidance to health librarians by highlighting measures used in various circumstances, and those that demonstrate validity and reliability.
Assessing the impact of a study skills programme on the academic development of nursing diploma students at Northumbria University, UK
Authors: Bailey Pam , Derbyshire Julie , Harding Anne , Middleton Anne , Rayson Karen , Syson Lindy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground:  The Government's nursing recruitment campaign has widened access for those wishing to enter the profession, resulting in some students entering university with clinical experience but little experience of academic writing or using libraries. For these students, the library and study advice staff have an important role to play in helping them acquire appropriate information literacy and study skills.Objective:  To evaluate the impact of workshops supplementing online instruction in study skills on students’ study and writing skills, and level of information literacy.Methods:  A small group of pre‐registration nursing students identified as needing support with information literacy and study skills participated in focus groups to identify areas of concern, and were offered four remedial workshops. A follow‐up focus group explored whether the students’ needs had been addressed. Further evaluation of the workshops’ impact was completed by diagnostic testing within the University's information literacy programme, Skills Plus.Outcomes:  The results showed that all students who attended at least one workshop improved their academic grade in their next assignment. Qualitative data indicated that the students’ confidence level and information literacy, including referencing skills, had improved.Conclusion:  Evaluating the impact of this intervention has provided the evidence to demonstrate the value of this additional support.
Finding a new kind of knowledge on the HeartNET website
Authors: Bonniface Leesa , Green Lelia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground:  A website developed by the National Heart Foundation (WA Division) and Edith Cowan University, with the help of an Australian Research Council–Linkage grant, provides insight into the sense of isolation experienced by many heart patients which prompts them to engage in a relentless search to answer the fundamental question: why me?Objective:  To discover whether an online community for people with heart conditions may help instil a sense of sharing a journey with others, and to assess the impact of this shared experience.Methods:  The qualitative data constituted 50 in‐depth interviews with heart patients using the HeartNET website. This website, with its 600+ membership, also provides Discussion Board data to add depth to the analysis.Results:  Patients describe how their unsatisfactory search for information in one ‘place’ (the Internet) led them to discover a new ‘place’ (an online community) where they could ‘ask difficult questions’, and ‘gain support and wisdom’ from others.Conclusion:  This paper suggests that, when anxious patients seek health‐related information, for example in a library, they may benefit from being given contact points to communicate with others who find themselves in similar situations. Internet‐based social software (Web 2.0) can provide this kind of communication.
Assessing the impact of information services in a regionalized health‐care organization
Authors: Medernach Carolyn , Franko Joanne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectives:  Assessment of the usage of medical library services before and after the implementation of several new services, as well as assessment of the clinical impact of the information provided by the medical library.Methods:  A sample of employees, residents and physicians were surveyed using a stratified, random selection process in two surveys 4 years apart. The response rate for the first survey was 52% and the response rate for the second survey was 35.2%.Results:  Differences in usage included increased overall use of the librarians and library services, decreased use of the Internet as a source of information, and direct and indirect impacts upon patient care. Information needs of respondents also increased to where 65% of employees and 94% of physicians require information at least once a week. Patient management was the main reason for needing information. The top two specific uses were to find out about a condition and determine a treatment plan.Conclusions:  These findings parallel some of the findings of other researchers, and contradict the findings of others. Possible explanations for these findings and implications for future research are discussed.
Chronic intestinal ischaemia: diagnosis
Authors: Zacho Helle D. , Abrahamsen Jan 
Published: November 2007

SummaryChronic intestinal ischaemia is a relatively rare but very important clinical entity, which is caused by a reduction in the splanchnic blood flow, most often because of atherosclerosis. Intestinal angina is postprandial abdominal pain developing when the genuine and collateral vessels no longer are able to accommodate the postprandial increasing demand from the gastrointestinal tract and the liver. In addition, the clinical picture very often includes sitophobia and weight loss. In daily clinical practice, conventional angiography is considered as the gold standard, but ultra sonography, computerized tomography and magnetic resonance angiography are gaining momentum when investigating for chronic intestinal ischaemia. These methods depend on imaging of the stenotic vessels not taking into consideration the possibility of sufficient splanchnic perfusion in spite of severely stenotic or occluded vessels. Only a few papers address the physiological consequence of stenotic or occluded vessels – the lack of postprandial increase in splanchnic blood flow.
Postsurgical intra‐incisional 5‐fluorouracil in dogs with incompletely resected, extremity malignant spindle cell tumours: a pilot study
Authors: Marconato L. , Comastri S. , Lorenzo M. R. , Abramo F. , Bettini G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of intra‐incisional 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in the management of incompletely resected malignant spindle cell tumours of extremities was evaluated in six dogs. After marginal surgery, the dogs underwent weekly intra‐incisional 5‐FU for a minimum of six cycles. Treatment was well tolerated by all dogs, with no systemic adverse effects and only one episode of local cutaneous hyperpigmentation, which completely and spontaneously resolved. Median follow‐up for all the dogs was 546 days (mean 619; range 297–1207). At the date of analysis, four dogs were still alive with no evidence of local recurrence, and two dogs had died as a result of their disease. The cause of death was development of distant metastases in one dog and tumour regrowth in the other. Despite the small sample size, this study documents that intra‐incisional 5‐FU chemotherapy is a safe and efficacious adjuvant treatment in the case of incompletely resected malignant spindle cell tumours in dogs and that long disease control can be achieved.
Headaches and Pineal Cyst: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Seifert Christian L. , Woeller Andreas , Valet Michael , Zimmer Claus , Berthele Achim , Tölle Thomas , Sprenger Till 
Published: November 2007

Background.— Pineal cysts have been suggested to be linked to headache pathogenesis. However, no systematic studies on this topic have been performed so far.Objective.— The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pineal cysts and headache and to determine the relevance of the cyst size in this context.Methods.— We conducted a case–control study of patients who consulted the neurological department between 1999 and 2006 to investigate the relationship between pineal cysts and headache and to determine the relevance of the cyst size.Results.— A total of 51 patients with pineal cyst were identified, thereby 51% were suffering from headache (half of them had migraine), whereas in the control group, only 25% had headache (thereof 31% suffered from migraine). There was a significant relationship between headache (as well as migraine) and pineal cysts (chi‐square test), but no significant difference in pineal cyst diameter between the patient group with headache versus without headache (t‐test).Conclusions.— Our data provide evidence for a causal relationship between pineal cysts and headache, respectively, migraine in this patient cohort.
Ginsenosides: Are Any of them Candidates for Drugs Acting on the Central Nervous System?
Authors: Nah Seung‐Yeol , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Rhim Hyewhon 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTThe last two decades have shown a marked expansion in the number of publications regarding the effects ofPanax ginseng. Ginsenosides, which are unique saponins isolated fromPanax ginseng, are the pharmacologically active ingredients in ginseng, responsible for its effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. Recent studies have shown that ginsenosides regulate various types of ion channels, such as voltage‐dependent and ligand‐gated ion channels, in neuronal and heterologously expressed cells. Ginsenosides inhibit voltage‐dependent Ca2+, K+, and Na+channel activities in a stereospecific manner. Ginsenosides also inhibit ligand‐gated ion channels such as N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate, some subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine, and 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptors. Competition and site‐directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that ginsenosides interact with ligand‐binding sites or channel pore sites and inhibit open states of ion channels. This review will introduce recent findings and advances on ginsenoside‐induced regulation of ion channel activities in the CNS, and will further expand the possibilities that ginsenosides may be useful and potentially therapeutic choices in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Limitations of stable carbon isotope analysis for determining natal host origins of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens
Authors: Abney M.R. , Sorenson C.E. , Gould F. , Bradley J.R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDifferences in the stable carbon isotope ratios of plants utilizing the C3 vs. C4 photosynthetic pathway have been used to broadly identify the natal host origins of herbivorous insects. This study explored whether adequate variation exists between the carbon isotope ratios of different C3 plants in the host range of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to enable accurate identification of natal host‐plant species. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis of 13C/12C ratios of moths reared on four crop plant species [Gossypium hirsutum (L.), Nicotiana tabacum L., Glycine max (L.) Merrill, and Arachis hypogaea L.] and two common weed species [Geranium carolinianum L. and Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz.] revealed a range of δ13C values within that expected for plants utilizing the C3 photosynthetic pathway. Analysis of vegetative and reproductive tissues from the plants utilized in the study resulted in statistically different δ13C values for some plant species; nevertheless, the range of δ13C values observed for many plant species overlapped. Significant differences in mean δ13C values were detected between groups of moths reared on different host‐plant species, but there was no significant correlation between the δ13C values of moths vs. the δ13C value of plant tissue on which they were reared. Feral tobacco budworm moths collected over 3 years were found to have carbon isotope ratios consistent with those having fed on C3 plants, confirming little utilization of C4 plant species by the insect. Results demonstrate that within the range of C3 host plants tested, carbon isotope signatures are not sufficiently unique to enable a reliable determination of natal origin of feral tobacco budworm with current IRMS technology.
Dietary complementation across life stages in the polyphagous lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata
Authors: Michaud J.P. , Jyoti J.L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe investigated the life history consequences of changes in diet between larval and adult life stages in the polyphagous lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Beetles were reared on three larval diets: greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Homoptera: Aphididae), eggs of the flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and bee pollen. The reproductive performance of females was then evaluated on an adult diet of either greenbug or moth eggs. Moth eggs appeared to be the most suitable diet for larvae, yielding the largest adults, and pollen the least suitable, resulting in the smallest adults and greatly extended developmental time. Pollen‐reared beetles tended to have lower fecundity and fertility than those reared on animal protein, regardless of adult diet. Female fitness was generally increased by a change in diet upon emergence to the alternative source of animal protein, suggesting that dietary complementation occurred across life stages. Among females reared on greenbug, a change of diet to moth eggs reduced the period required for production of 12 clutches and increased egg fertility compared to continued feeding on greenbug. Among females reared on moth eggs, a change of diet to greenbug increased fecundity compared to continued feeding on moth eggs. Among females fed an adult diet of greenbug, those fed moth eggs as larvae had faster production of 12 clutches and higher fecundity. We discuss these novel results in the context of coccinellid life history and ecology and their potential implications for other insects that are predatory as both larvae and adults.