bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accra's Sounds and Sacred Spaces
Authors: DE WITTE MARLEEN 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article explores the sonic sacralization of urban space in the multicultural city of Accra. In Ghanaian cities today religious groups increasingly vie for public presence. It is especially the religious manifestation in the urban soundscape, most forcefully by charismatic‐Pentecostal churches and preachers, that has of late generated controversy. While charismatic‐Pentecostal ‘noisemaking’ leads to conflicts all year round, it is especially during the annual traditional ‘ban on drumming and noisemaking’ that the religious confrontation over sound and silence in the city comes to full and violent expression. Approaching the articulation between religiosity and urban space through the aural, this article examines how religious sound practices create, occupy and compete for urban space. Comparing the nexus of religion, urban space and aurality in charismatic Pentecostalism and Ga traditional religion, it seeks to establish two points. First, that behind the apparent opposition between Pentecostalism and traditional religion is a difference in religious spatiality, but a remarkable similarity in the place of sound in relation to the spiritual. Second, it argues that the religious clash over sonic sacralization of urban space should not only be understood as a competition for symbolic control of spaces, but also as a spiritual struggle over the invisible, but all the more affective powers felt to be present in the city.RésuméCet article s’intéresse à la sacralisation sonore de l’espace urbain dans la cité multiculturelle d’Accra. Dans les villes ghanéennes, les groupes religieux rivalisent aujourd’hui de plus en plus pour gagner en présence publique. La dimension sonore des manifestations religieuses, particulièrement énergique de la part des églises et pasteurs pentecôtistes charismatiques, a récemment suscité une controverse. Alors que la “génération de bruit” pentecôtiste charismatique crée des différends tout au long de l’année, c’est surtout pendant l’interdiction annuelle traditionnelle sur les tambours et le bruit que l’affrontement religieux relatif au “son et silence” s’exprime pleinement et violemment dans la ville. Abordant l’articulation entre religiosité et espace urbain à travers la dimension auditive, cet article examine comment les pratiques sonores religieuses créent, occupent et luttent pour l’espace urbain. Deux points sont dégagés en comparant le lien entre religion, espace urbain et nature auditive dans le Pentecôtisme charismatique et la religion traditionnelle Ga : en premier lieu, derrière l’apparente opposition entre le Pentecôtisme et la religion traditionnelle, on trouve une différence de spatialité religieuse, mais une étonnante similitude dans l’importance du son par rapport au spirituel  en second lieu, le désaccord religieux concernant la sacralisation sonore de l’espace urbain ne devrait pas être appréhendé uniquement comme une rivalité en vue d’un contrôle symbolique des espaces, mais aussi comme une lutte spirituelle contre les puissances invisibles, et d’autant plus affectives, perçues dans la ville.
The Urban Question as Cargo Cult: Opportunities for a New Urban Pedagogy
Authors: SHIELDS ROB 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUrban research is unreflexive toward its object of study, the city, compromising its methodologies and theoretical capacity. This polemic draws on examples such as ‘creative cities’, which have been profiled and analysed for their local recipes for economic success. ‘Global cities’ have become stereotypes of a neoliberal form of the ‘good life’ to which much recent urban research is a handmaiden, a hegemonic knowledge project. These ‘metro‐poles’ of value are a form of urban pedagogy that presents lesser local elites with lessons to be followed. A form of cargo cult theory suggests, build it and wealth will come — hence the symmetry of urban scholarship with the fad for city rankings in pop journalism. In contrast to neo‐structural analyses of the global city, other research focuses too closely on regional geographies, local forces and urban affordances. A synthetic level of theory is proposed to bridge the divide which marks urban and regional studies. The ‘urban’ needs to be rediscovered as a central question. The urban is an object of theory and the city is a truth spot. The urban is more than infrastructure and bodies but an intangible good or ‘virtuality’ that requires an appropriate methodological toolkit.RésuméLa recherche urbaine manque de réflexivitéà l’égard de son objet d’étude, la ville, ce qui compromet ses méthodologies et sa capacité théorique. Cette critique part d’exemples tels que les “villes créatives” dont on a établi le profil et l’analyse pour en déterminer les recettes locales de réussite économique. Les “villes planétaires” sont devenues des stéréotypes d’une forme néolibérale de la “bonne vie” au service de laquelle se met généralement la recherche urbaine, un projet de savoir hégémonique. Ces métro‐pôles de valeur constituent une sorte de pédagogie urbaine qui expose aux moindres élites locales des leçons à suivre. Un genre de théorie du culte du cargo suggère qu’il suffit de construire pour voir la richesse arriver, d’où la symétrie entre les travaux de recherche urbaine et la mode pour les palmarès de villes dans le journalisme populaire. Contrairement aux analyses néo‐structuralistes de la ville planétaire, d’autres études se consacrent de trop près aux géographies régionales, aux forces locales et aux affordances urbaines. Un niveau de théorie synthétique est proposé pour franchir la ligne de démarcation des études urbaines et régionales. Il faut redécouvrir “l’urbain” en tant que question centrale. L’urbain est un objet de théorie, la ville est un lieu de vérité. L’urbain est plus qu’une infrastructure et des entités, c’est un bien intangible, une “virtualité”, qui nécessite un jeu d’outils méthodologiques approprié.
Effects of short‐term reminiscence therapy on elderly with dementia: A comparison with everyday conversation approaches
Authors: OKUMURA Yumiko , TANIMUKAI Satoshi , ASADA Takashi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground:  Recent research has demonstrated the usefulness of reminiscence therapy as a psychosociological approach to the care of the demented elderly. However, to date neither the variables (e.g. evaluation methods and the optimal number of therapy sessions related to this technique) have been established, nor have the differences between reminiscence and other verbal interventions been clarified. In the field of clinical and nursing care in which reminiscence therapy is undertaken, in order to facilitate the participation of as large a number of elderly people as possible, both short‐ and long‐term courses of sessions are needed. The present study conducted five therapy sessions using closed groups. Mainly, a verbal fluency task was used to assess the efficacy of therapy.Method:  The results of the five sessions that were conducted with a reminiscence therapy group (reminiscence group; n = 8 ambulant elderly women with Alzheimer's‐type dementia) were compared with those of an everyday conversation group (conversation group; n = 8 ambulant elderly women with Alzheimer's‐type dementia).Results:  In the reminiscence group, there was a significant increase in the number of words recalled at the end of the fifth session compared with that recalled at the end of the first session. In addition, the number of words recalled increased significantly compared with that recalled by the conversation group. Furthermore, the interchanges through non‐verbal communication between others in the group improved and a positive change in participants' everyday life circumstances was observed. Moreover, the participants in the reminiscence group reported that they enjoyed the sessions.Conclusions:  Reminiscence therapy performed over a short period of time in closed groups was shown to be more effective than everyday conversations in the treatment of elderly people with dementia. It is suggested that the effectiveness of group reminiscence therapy should be ascertained not only by the verbal fluency tasks, but also by changes in patients' interactions with others through non‐verbal communication.
Post‐marketing survey of donepezil hydrochloride in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
Authors: TANAKA Toshihisa , KAZUI Hiroaki , MORIHARA Takeshi , SADIK Golam , KUDO Takashi , TAKEDA Masatoshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground:  To investigate the efficacy and safety of donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept®; Eisai Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), we conducted a post‐marketing survey in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who also had behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), such as hallucinations/delusions, wandering, and aggression, which cause the greatest burden on caregivers.Methods:  A prospective, centrally registered investigation was conducted through regular clinical settings with patients diagnosed as mild to moderate AD presenting with hallucinations/delusions, wandering, and/or aggression. The treatment period was 12 weeks and no restrictions were placed on concomitant medications.Results:  The BPSD improvement rates at last‐observation‐carried‐forward (LOCF) were 60.1% for hallucinations/delusions, 59.6% for wandering, and 65.6% for aggression. For all symptoms, improvement rates increased with the duration of the treatment period. The BPSD deterioration rates at LOCF were 1.3% for hallucinations/delusions, 3.4% for wandering, and 1.6% for aggression. Assessment of cognitive function with both the revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS‐R) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) indicated significant improvements after treatment. There were significant differences in the changes in HDS‐R scores between patients whose hallucinations/delusions or wandering were improved and patients whose symptoms were not improved. Moreover, the data suggested a possible correlation between changes in hallucinations/delusions and HDS‐R scores, changes in hallucinations/delusions and MMSE scores, and changes in wandering and MMSE scores. Patients in whom BPSD improved also demonstrated a greater improvement in cognitive function compared with patients in whom no improvement in BPSD was noted. Nursing burden on caregivers at LOCF showed 3.6% for ‘No burden’, 54.1% for ‘Burden decreased’, and 4.5% for ‘Burden increased.’ There was an increase in the combined ratio of ‘No burden’ and ‘Burden decreased’ in proportion with prolonged treatment period. Patients with improved BPSD had a significantly greater ratio (88.5–94.4%) of ‘No burden’ plus ‘Burden decreased’ than those patients in whom no improvement in BPSD was noted.Conclusions:  These results suggest that donepezil not only improves the cognitive dysfunction of AD patients, but may also relieve BPSD in these patients. Treatment with donepezil was also found to alleviate the burden of caregivers for approximately 60% of patients. Moreover, the results indicate that donepezil is unlikely to trigger potential risks of excessive deterioration of BPSD, which would result in a heavier burden of nursing care.
How to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): Do not treat patients exhibiting symptoms like BPSD with neuroleptics from the beginning
Authors: TAKITA Masashi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present report details the case of three patients who had symptoms like behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In all three cases, other factors contributing to the disease were hidden behind the symptoms resembling BPSD. These cases exhibited symptoms like BPSD following acute or subacute onset. Before starting medication with antipsychotic drugs, the underlying causes of the symptoms, especially those with an acute or subacute onset, should be considered.
YOUNG INVESTIGATOR AWARD ARTICLE: Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes macrophage apoptosis through stimulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14/LIGHT)
Authors: Petreaca Melissa L. , Yao Min , Ware Carl , Martins‐Green Manuela M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTResolution of inflammation is critical for normal wound healing. Inflammation is prolonged and fails to resolve properly in chronic wounds. We used in vivo and in vitro approaches to show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces macrophage apoptosis and to delineate mechanisms involved in this process. VEGF inhibition during wound healing leads to an increased number of macrophages remaining in wounds, suggesting the involvement of VEGF in removal of these cells from the wound. If this effect has physiological relevance, it likely occurs via apoptosis. We show that VEGF increases apoptosis of macrophages in vitro using Annexin V‐FITC staining and caspase activation. Microarray analysis, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting showed that VEGF increases the expression of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14/LIGHT) in macrophages. We also show that in macrophages LIGHT promotes apoptosis through the lymphotoxin β receptor. Moreover, inhibition of LIGHT prevents VEGF‐induced death, suggesting that LIGHT mediates VEGF‐induced macrophage apoptosis. Taken together, our results identify a novel role for VEGF and for LIGHT in macrophage apoptosis during wound healing, an event critical in the resolution of inflammation. This finding may lead to the development of new strategies to improve resolution of inflammation in problematic wounds.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH–CLINICAL SCIENCE: Reducing wound pain in venous leg ulcers with Biatain Ibu: A randomized, controlled double‐blind clinical investigation on the performance and safety
Authors: Gottrup Finn , Jørgensen Bo , Karlsmark Tonny , Sibbald R. Gary , Rimdeika Rytis , Harding Keith , Price Patricia , Venning Vanessa , Vowden Peter , Jünger Michael , Wortmann Stephan , Sulcaite Rita , Vilkevicius Gintaris , Ahokas Terttu‐Liisa , Ettler Karel , Arenbergerova Monika 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSix out of 10 patients with chronic wounds suffer from persistent wound pain. A multinational and multicenter randomized double‐blind clinical investigation of 122 patients compared two moist wound healing dressings: a nonadhesive foam dressing with ibuprofen (62 patients randomized to Biatain Ibu Nonadhesive Coloplast A/S) and a nonadhesive foam without ibuprofen (60 patients to Biatain Non‐Adhesive—comparator). Patients were recruited from September 2005 to April 2006. The ibuprofen foam was considered successful if the pain relief on a five‐point Verbal Rating Scale was higher than the comparator without compromising safety including appropriate healing rate. Additional endpoints were change in persistent wound pain between dressing changes and pain at dressing change on days 1–5 (double blind) and days 43–47 (single blind). The primary response variable, persistent pain relief, was significantly higher in the ibuprofen‐foam group, as compared with the comparator on day 1–5, with a quick onset of action (p<0.05). Wound pain intensity was significantly reduced with the ibuprofen foam during day 1–5 with 40% from baseline, compared with 30% with the comparator (p<0.001). At day 43–47, the patients in the ibuprofen‐foam group had a significant (p<0.05) reemergence of persistent pain and pain at dressing change (p<0.05) when the active dressing was changed to the comparator. Wound healing was similar in the ibuprofen foam and comparator group. No difference in adverse events between the comparator and the ibuprofen foam with local sustained release of low‐dose ibuprofen was observed in this study. It was generally found that women reported less pain intensity than men, and pain intensity decreased with increasing age. In addition, pain intensity increased with initial pain intensity and increasing wound size. This study has demonstrated that the ibuprofen‐foam dressing provided pain relief and reduced pain intensity without compromising healing or other safety parameters.
The optimal temperature of first aid treatment for partial thickness burn injuries
Authors: Cuttle Leila , Kempf Margit , Kravchuk Olena , Phillips Gael E. , Mill Julie , Wang Xue‐Qing , Kimble Roy M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTUsing our porcine model of deep dermal partial thickness burn injury, various cooling techniques (15 °C running water, 2 °C running water, ice) of first aid were applied for 20 minutes compared with a control (ambient temperature). The subdermal temperatures were monitored during the treatment and wounds observed and photographed weekly for 6 weeks, observing reepithelialization, wound surface area and cosmetic appearance. Tissue histology and scar tensile strength were examined 6 weeks after burn. The 2 °C and ice treatments decreased the subdermal temperature the fastest and lowest, however, generally the 15 and 2 °C treated wounds had better outcomes in terms of reepithelialization, scar histology, and scar appearance. These findings provide evidence to support the current first aid guidelines of cold tap water (approximately 15 °C) for 20 minutes as being beneficial in helping to heal the burn wound. Colder water at 2 °C is also beneficial. Ice should not be used.
Basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates and improves second‐degree burn wound healing
Authors: Akita Sadanori , Akino Kozo , Imaizumi Toshifumi , Hirano Akiyoshi 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTSecond‐degree burns are sometimes a concern for shortening patient suffering time as well as the therapeutic choice. Thus, adult second‐degree burn patients (average 57.8 ± 13.9 years old), mainly with deep dermal burns, were included. Patients receiving topical basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or no bFGF were compared for clinical scar extent, passive scar hardness and elasticity using a Cutometer, direct scar hardness using a durometer, and moisture analysis of the stratum corneum at 1 year after complete wound healing. There was significantly faster wound healing with bFGF, as early as 2.2 ± 0.9 days from the burn injury, compared with non‐bFGF use (12.0 ± 2.2 vs. 15.0 ± 2.7 days, p<0.01). Clinical evaluation of Vancouver scale scores showed significant differences between bFGF‐treated and non‐bFGF–treated scars (p<0.01). Both maximal scar extension and the ratio of scar retraction to maximal scar extension, elasticity, by Cutometer were significantly greater in bFGF‐treated scars than non‐bFGF–treated scars (0.23 ± 0.10 vs. 0.14 ± 0.06 mm, 0.59 ± 0.20 vs. 0.49 ± 0.15 mm: scar extension, scar elasticity, bFGF vs. non‐bFGF, p<0.01). The durometer reading was significantly lower in bFGF‐treated scars than in non‐bFGF–treated scars (16.2 ± 3.8 vs. 29.3 ± 5.1, p<0.01). Transepidermal water loss, water content, and corneal thickness were significantly less in bFGF‐treated than in non‐bFGF–treated scars (p<0.01).
Multiplexed analysis of matrix metalloproteinases in leg ulcer tissue of patients with chronic venous insufficiency before and after compression therapy
Authors: Beidler Stephanie K. , Douillet Christelle D. , Berndt Daniel F. , Keagy Blair A. , Rich Preston B. , Marston William A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTElevated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic venous insufficiency ulcers. Quantitative measurements of a broad range of MMP proteins in human tissue treated with compression bandaging have not been reported. The goal of this study was to determine the expression of a wide range of proteases in untreated venous leg ulcer tissue and the changes in these levels after 4 weeks of high‐strength compression therapy. Twenty‐nine limbs with new or untreated chronic venous insufficiency and leg ulceration received therapy for 4 weeks with sustained high compression bandaging. Biopsies were obtained from healthy tissue and from ulcerated tissue before and after therapy. A novel multiplexed protein assay was used to measure multiple MMPs in a single sample. MMP protein activity, TIMP protein levels, and gene expression levels were also addressed. MMP1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 12, and 13 protein levels were elevated in ulcer tissue compared with healthy tissue. MMP8 and 9 were highly expressed in ulcer tissue. MMP3, 8, and 9 significantly decreased following treatment. Reduction in the levels of MMP1, 2, and 3 was associated with significantly higher rates of ulcer healing at 4 weeks. We conclude that compression therapy results in a reduction of the pro‐inflammatory environment characterizing chronic venous ulcers, and ulcer healing is associated with resolution of specific elevated levels of protease expression.
Antisense inhibition of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) mRNA limits hypertrophic scarring without affecting wound healing in vivo
Authors: Sisco Mark , Kryger Zol B. , O'Shaughnessy Kristina D. , Kim Peter S. , Schultz Greg S. , Ding Xian‐Zhong , Roy Nakshatra K. , Dean Nicholas M. , Mustoe Thomas A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTAugmented expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is observed in healing wounds and in a variety of fibrotic disorders. It appears to enhance many of the effects of transforming growth factor‐β and has been shown to have independent fibrogenic functions. Despite these observations, its importance to dermal wound healing and the transition from wound to scar remains poorly defined. In this study, we use established rabbit models to evaluate the roles of CTGF in dermal wound healing and hypertrophic scarring. We show that CTGF mRNA demonstrates persistent up‐regulation in hypertrophic scars. Treatment of wounds with antisense oligonucleotides to CTGF has no measurable effect on early wound closure. However, antisense therapy significantly limits subsequent hypertrophic scarring. Inhibition of CTGF is associated with a marked reduction in the number of myofibroblasts in scars and decreased transcription of TIMP‐1 and types I and III collagen. These findings confirm CTGF to be a key mediator of hypertrophic scarring in this model. Its effect on myofibroblasts in this setting suggests a mechanism whereby it plays this role. Its limited participation in early healing implies that it may be a useful and specific target for modulating hypertrophic scarring following injury.