bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seductive Voices: Rethinking Female Subjectivities in The Wife's Lament and Wulf and Eadwacer
Authors: Scheck Helene 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis essay provides a summary of recent scholarship on the two female‐voiced Old English elegies, The Wife's Lament and Wulf and Eadwacer, relating to the position or condition of women in Anglo‐Saxon England as ‘witnessed’ in those poems. In doing so I make no attempt to champion a particular view, but try instead to consider the implications of reading in particular ways and think about how the questions raised by these poems may broaden our understanding of female subject positions in Anglo‐Saxon England, even if we cannot ultimately come to any conclusions about what and how those poems mean.
Molecular characterization of toll‐like receptor 2 of ruminants and comparative expression in nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) vs. buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Das D. K. , Saini M. , Dhara A. , Swarup D. , Kumar S. , Gupta P. K. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryToll‐like receptors play role in the innate immune responses and orchestrate the adaptive immunity by induction of proinflammatory cytokines and up‐regulation of costimulatory molecules. The present study has characterized TLR2 cDNA in nilgai, buffalo, sheep and goat that recognizes the peptidoglycan of Gram‐positive bacteria. TLR2 coding sequences were amplified from monocytes cDNA and cloned in pGEMT‐easy vector for nucleotide sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed 2355‐bp‐long TLR2 open reading frame encoding 784 amino acids in all the species studied. Nilgai TLR2 has 97.8% to 95.1% identity at nucleotide level and 96.2% to 92.7% identity at amino acid level with other ruminant species studied. Nonsynonymous substitutions exceeding synonymous substitutions indicated evolution of this receptor through positive selection among ruminants. Furthermore, basal TLR2 messenger RNA expression in different immune cells and tissues quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction revealed highest level in in vitro derived dendritic cells followed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Skin and testes also expressed significant level in both nilgai and buffalo. Comparatively, nilgai immune cells and tissues expressed more TLR2 transcript than buffalo, thus elucidating stronger armamentarium of antibacterial immunity in nilgai as compared to buffalo.
Characterization of two novel HLA class I alleles: HLA‐A*310103 and HLA‐B*9531
Authors: Frison S. , Longhi E. , Andreini E. , Poli F. , Scalamogna M. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryTwo novel human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles were characterized by means of sequencing‐based typing techniques. HLA‐A*310103 was identified in a cord blood unit from a Caucasoid individual. The sequence of this allele is identical to that of HLA‐A*310102 except for a silent mutation in exon 3 at position 480 (G → A). HLA‐B*9531 was found in a Caucasoid female patient registered on the heart transplantation waiting list in the North Italy Transplant programme. This new variant differs from HLA‐B*1503 at position 572 (G → C) in exon 3. This nucleotide change leads to an amino acidic substitution at codon 167 from tryptophan to serine.
X-ray hotspot flares and implications for cosmic ray acceleration and magnetic field amplification in supernova remnants
Authors: Butt Yousaf M. , Porter Troy A. , Katz Boaz , Waxman Eli 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
For more than 50 years, it has been believed that cosmic ray (CR) nuclei are accelerated to high energies in the rapidly expanding shockwaves created by powerful supernova explosions. Yet observational proof of this conjecture is still lacking. Recently, Uchiyama and collaborators reported the detection of small-scale X-ray flares in one such supernova remnant, dubbed ‘RX J1713−3946’ (a.k.a. G347.3−0.5), which also emits very energetic, TeV (1012 eV) range, gamma-rays. They contend that the variability of these X-ray ‘hotspots’ implies that the magnetic field in the remnant is about a hundred times larger than normally assumed; and this, they say, means that the detected TeV range photons were produced in energetic nuclear interactions, providing ‘a strong argument for acceleration of protons and nuclei to energies of 1 PeV (1015 eV) and beyond in young supernova remnants’. We point out here that the existing multiwavelength data on this object certainly do not support such conclusions. Though intriguing, the small-scale X-ray flares are not the long sought – after ‘smoking gun’ of nucleonic CR acceleration in supernova remnants.
Rapid variability in TeV blazars: the case of PKS 2155—304
Authors: Ghisellini G. , Tavecchio F. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Recent Cherenkov observations of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) objects showed that the TeV (teraelectron volt) flux of PKS 2155−304 changed by a factor of 2 in just 3–5 min. This fast variability can be accounted for if the emitting region is moving with a bulk Lorentz factor Γ∼ 50 and a similar relativistic Doppler factor. If this Γ is adopted, several models can fit the data, but, irrespective of the chosen model, the jet is matter dominated. The Doppler factor requires viewing angles of the order of 1° or less: if the entire jet is as narrow as this, then we have problems with current unification schemes. This suggests that there are small active regions, inside a larger jet, moving faster than the rest of the plasma, occasionally pointing at us. Coordinated X-ray/TeV variability can discriminate between the different scenarios.
COMBINATION WITH PLANT EXTRACTS IMPROVES THE INHIBITORY ACTION OF DIVERGICIN M35 AGAINST LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES
Authors: ZOUHIR ABDEL‐MAJEED , KHEADR EHAB , TAHIRI IMANE , BEN HAMIDA JEANNETTE , FLISS ISMAIL 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT The susceptibility of 11 strains of Listeria monocytogenes to divergicin M35, a bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium divergens strain M35, and to aqueous extracts of garlic, onion, oregano, red chili and black pepper at 30 and 10C, was evaluated using a microdilution assay. The susceptibility of divergicin‐resistant strains to combinations of these agents was also evaluated. Three strains were resistant to divergicin M35 (>500 µg/mL) at 30C but were more susceptible at 10C. Garlic gave the most inhibitory plant extract, followed by onion, while oregano, red chili and black pepper extracts were less active at both temperatures. Garlic extract and divergicin M35 combined or with other extracts increased inhibitory activity against the divergicin‐resistant strains. The garlic/divergicin combination was the most effective at inhibiting these strains and was bactericidal at both temperatures. Log‐phase cells were the most susceptible to the garlic/divergicin combination. Stationary‐phase cells were much more resistant at both incubation temperatures. Furthermore, the effect of the garlic/divergicin combination at inhibiting divergicin‐resistant L. monocytogenes in a food system was also studied using cold‐smoked salmon as a food model. Results indicated that this combination could efficiently reduce the viability of L. monocytogenes in smoked salmon stored at 10C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere is increasing popularity worldwide for chemical preservative‐free, ready‐to‐eat and minimally processed seafood with low salt, fat and sugar content. Bacteriocins produced from lactic acid bacteria can have a potential application to prolong the shelf life of cold‐smoked salmon. Also, plant and spice extracts have been shown to contain antibacterial substances with potential for application in foods. Thus, this research explores the combination of divergicin M35, a bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium divergens strain M35, and aqueous extracts of garlic, onion, oregano, red chili and black pepper to inhibit Listeria monocytogenes and to prolong the shelf life of cold‐smoked salmon.
INFLUENCE OF CUT AND PACKAGING FILM ON SENSORY QUALITY OF FRESH‐CUT BUTTERHEAD LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVAL., CV. WANG)
Authors: MARTÍNEZ INÉS , ARES GASTÓN , LEMA PATRICIA 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present work was to study the influence of cut (manual and using a sharp knife) and packaging film (bioriented polypropylene and polyolefin PD‐961) on the sensory quality of fresh‐cut butterhead lettuce stored under passive modified atmosphere at 5C. Results showed that lettuce cut by hand had a lower respiration rate and deterioration rate than those cut with a knife. This difference could be attributed to a difference in the level of wounding, which can be explained by the fact that cutting by hand caused the tear to follow the naturally weaker areas of the lettuce, leading to less tissue damage than that engendered by the use of a sharp knife.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSResults suggest that lettuce leaves cut by hand showed a lower sensory deterioration rate than those cut with a sharp knife. While not industrially applicable, the cutting of lettuce by hand might be appealing to small ventures such as buffets, restaurants and catering services. The sensory analysis carried out suggests that the use of polyolefin PD‐961 is preferred over bioriented polypropylene for packaging fresh‐cut lettuce, in view of achieving a better quality of the produce.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ATTRIBUTES IN 20 BLACK SOYBEAN LINES (GLYCINE MAX L.) OF HIMALAYAN REGION, INDIA
Authors: SAHA SUPRADIP , GUPTA ARUN , MAHAJAN V. , KUNDU S. , GUPTA H.S. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT The physicochemical compositions of 20 black‐seeded soybean lines were analyzed for different nutritional and cooking quality parameters. The range of variation for different characteristics was 1.04–1.20 g/mL for density, 17.34–30.20 kg for hardness, 72.7–214.4 µg/seed for hydration capacity, 1.06–1.24 for hydration index, 75.6–203.4 µL/seed for swelling capacity, 0.99–1.58 swelling index, 32.1–39.8% for protein, 10.8–19.6% for oil, 3.93–6.15% for total minerals, 131–205 mg/100 g for phosphorus, 6.4–13.9 mg/100 g for iron, 0.49–0.89 mg/g for trypsin inhibitor, 2.1–6.4 mg/g for phytic acid and 60.4–13.4 µg/g for polyphenols. Based on 18 physicochemical and nutritional attributes, 20 black soybean germplasm lines were grouped into four clusters using nonhierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis. The DARL‐BK‐615 and VRB‐PS‐1453 were found to be more diverse than others. The DARL‐BK‐615 was found best for low trypsin inhibitor and high mineral contents (Zn, Mn, Cu), while VRB‐PS‐1453 was found best for protein content and required the lowest time for cooking. The selection for the improvement of physicochemical nutritional attributes and antinutritional factors can be independently effective in black soybean genotypes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study has shown that sufficient variability for cooking quality, protein, oil, micronutrients and antinutritional factors exist in black soybean germplasm lines of the Himalayan region of India, which can be independently improved by the breeders. Different genotypes in four diverse groups may be used to develop improved lines with better nutritional and cooking quality coupled with low antinutritional factors for consumption as pulses. Germplasm lines with high protein, low levels of antinutrients and superior nutritional and cooking quality are useful materials for the improvement of quality in high‐yielding soybean lines.
EXTERNAL VALIDATION AND TRANSFERABILITY OF NIRS MODELS DEVELOPED FOR DETECTING AND QUANTIFYING MBM IN INTACT COMPOUND FEEDING STUFFS
Authors: PÉREZ MARÍN D.C. , GARRIDO‐VARO A. , GUERRERO J.E. , GÓMEZ A. , SOLDADO A. , DE LA ROZA B. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT The ban on the use of animal‐origin by‐products such as meat and bone meal (MBM) in compound feeds was one of the measures implemented in the European Union to stop the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and to prevent its reoccurrence. It is now clear that the blanket ban will only be lifted if reliable analytical methods are available that ensure the detection of animal by‐products. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is likely to be the most rapid method for testing feedingstuffs, enabling a substantial increase in the number of samples tested and providing instant detection of adulteration, especially when samples are analyzed in intact form. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of NIRS predictive models for detecting and quantifying MBM in intact compound feedingstuffs, and to demonstrate the transferability of calibration models between two NIRS instruments. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis study shows the potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a fast screening method for detecting the adulteration of compound feedingstuffs with animal‐origin meals, useful for the feed industry and the inspection bodies. NIRS could provide the first line of defense of the food chain, allowing a large‐scale analysis and making more costly methods to be used more productively on suspect specimens.
Microbiological Response to Well Pumping
Authors: Kwon Man Jae , Sanford Robert A. , Park Jungho , Kirk Matthew F. , Bethke Craig M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo better constrain sampling strategies for observing biologically sensitive parameters in ground water, we vigorously pumped for 120 h a lightly pumped well completed in a confined glacial aquifer while observing how various physical and chemical parameters evolve in the water produced. The parameters commonly monitored when sampling a well stabilized within about an hour, after 5 wellbore volumes were produced; these parameters include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation‐reduction potential (Eh), and electrical conductivity. The concentrations of ferrous iron, sulfide, and sulfate and various biological or biologically sensitive parameters, including the concentrations of dissolved hydrogen and methane, direct cell counts, and the microbial community profile, in contrast, required more than 8 h or 36 well volumes to stabilize. We interpret this result to mean that the zone of influence of the wellbore on biologic processes in the aquifer extends beyond the commonly recognized zone where physical properties are affected. A second period of adjustment of these biologically sensitive parameters began after about 50 h of pumping, following displacement of 230 wellbore volumes, and continued to the end of the experiment. During this period, the cell density and the composition of the microbial community suspended in the water samples changed. This finding indicates that the microbial community in and near the wellbore changed in response to pumping and the changes affected aspects of the composition of water produced from the well. The study demonstrates the importance of allowing adequate pumping time when sampling ground water for the analysis of biologically sensitive parameters.
L'univers du secteur public dans le système de la comptabilité nationale
Authors: Bélanger Gérard 
Published: February 2008

Sommaire: L'implantation généralisée des comptes nationaux fut une importante réussite de l'après‐guerre. Ce texte étudie les problèmes que posent l'étendue du secteur public et l'nterprétation des données des administrations publiques dans ces comptes. Comme toute classification implique une part d'arbitraire, puisqu'il s'agit de placer ce qui se présente sous forme de continuum, le système canadien montre des incohérences dans le traitement des institutions sans but lucratif majoritairement financées et contrôlées par les organismes gouvernementaux. Des institutions sont rangées dans le groupe des ménages et d'autres tout à fait comparables sont incluses dans l'administration. Des ambiguités semblables existent à l'intérieur de la catégorie des activités marchandes et non marchandes et dans les sous‐catégories de l'administration.Les niveaux élevés des déficits des gouvernements centraux au cours des dernières années ont accru l'intérêt pour les problèmes de mesure et d'interprétation des déficits. Ils sont nombreux: règles comptables utilisées, déficits actuariels des assurances sociales et des régimes de retraite, garantie de prêts et primes à l'inflation. Deux problèmes majeurs demeurent présents dans l'estimation du volume des activités gouvernementales: la mesure des services et leur classification comme produits finals.Abstract: The generalized introduction of national accounts was a major statistical success of the postwar years. This article examines the problems involved in establishing the scope of the public sector and in interpreting the public administration data in those accounts. Since any classification involves arbitrary elements because it means subdividing data presented as a continuum, the Canadian system displays inconsistencies in its treatment of non‐profit institutions largely financed and controlled by government agencies. Some institutions come under the household heading, while other quite comparable entities are included under administration. Similar ambiguities exist in categorizing commercial/non‐commercial activities and subcategorizing the administration.In recent years, large central government deficits have heightened interest in the problems of deficit measurement and interpretation. The problems are many: accounting principles used, actuarial deficits of social insurance and pension plans, loan guaranties and cost‐of‐living allowances. Two major problems remain in estimating the volume of government activities: measuring services, and their classification as final products.
BMO from dyadic BMO on the bidisc
Authors: Pipher Jill , Ward Lesley A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe generalize to the bidisc a theorem of Garnett and Jones relating the space BMO of functions of bounded mean oscillation to its martingale counterpart, dyadic BMO. Namely, translation‐averages of suitable families of dyadic BMO functions belong to BMO. As a corollary, we deduce a biparameter version of a theorem of Burgess Davis connecting the Hardy space H1 to martingale H1. We also prove the analogs of the theorem of Garnett and Jones in the one‐parameter and biparameter VMO spaces of functions of vanishing mean oscillation.
Numerical Stress Analysis of Internal Ring-Stiffened Tubular
T-Joints
Authors: Nwosu D. I. , Swamidas A. S. J. , Munaswamy K. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
In order to design a tubular joint to carry a larger load and to possess a longer life, the prime objective of design would be to reduce stress concentration factor at the intersection of the joint; one method to achieve the same is to stiffen the joint with internal ring stiffeners. This paper presents results of the stress analysis for stress distribution, along the intersection of internally ring-stiffened tubular T-joints, under the action of axial and in-plane/out-of-plane (bending) loads, using degenerate shell elements. The stress analyses results are obtained using the general-purpose finite element package called ABAQUS. Post-processing of results has been facilitated by other small programs developed for the purpose. The nominal brace stress and the maximum principal stress values have been used for stress concentration factor computations. The effects of stiffener size, location, number, thickness (τ) and thinness (γ) ratios have been investigated, and the results validated with known analytical and experimental investigations. A comparison of the results obtained from finite element analysis, and experimental results of the Canadian Cooperative Fatigue Studies Program, carried out at Memorial University and University of Waterloo, is also made. The results obtained indicate that stiffening can considerably reduce the stress concentration in joints, and thus increase the load-carrying capacity of tubular T-joints.
A Method to Calculate Pack Ice Driving Forces
Authors: Evgin E. , Zhan C. , Frederking R. M. W. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
A method is proposed to calculate pack ice driving forces. In order to develop the method, stress distributions in a circular ice floe are calculated for various boundary loading conditions. The analysis is carried out using a special-purpose finite element program in which Sinha’s creep equation is used to model the behavior of ice. Charts relating pack ice driving forces to stresses in the ice floe are produced for both linear elastic and creep equations for ice behavior. The results indicate that, for a short period of loading time and at low stress levels, a linear elastic analysis can be used to calculate the pack ice driving forces. However, when the stress levels in the ice floe are high or the time span of load application is long, linear and nonlinear analyses produce much different values for pack ice driving forces.
A Two-Dimensional Weibull Distribution and Its Application to
Rolling
Authors: Myrhaug D. , Dahle E. Aa. , Rue H. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
A two-dimensional Weibull distribution is presented which is obtained by transforming a two-dimensional Rayleigh distribution. The emphasis herein is on its application to describe the statistics of successive wave periods, and the results are illustrated by discussing the rolling of smaller vessels in beam seas in a simplified manner. Reference is also made to the related subjects on the joint correlation of successive high waves and on the joint statistics of wave steepness parameters for two successive waves, where the wave steepness parameters considered are the crest front steepness and the total wave steepness.
Parameter Identification of Nonlinear Ocean Mooring Systems Using the
Hilbert Transform
Authors: Gottlieb O. , Feldman M. , Yim S. C. S. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
We introduce and demonstrate the applicability of a parameter identification algorithm based on the Hilbert transform to nonlinear ocean mooring systems. The mooring dynamical system consists of a submerged small body and includes a geometrically nonlinear restoring force and a nonlinear dissipation function incorporating both viscous and structural damping. By combining a recently developed methodology with a generalized averaging procedure, parameter estimation from the slowly varying envelope dynamics is enabled. System backbone curves obtained from data generated by numerical simulation are compared to those obtained analytically and are found to be accurate. An example large-scale experiment is also considered.