bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial covering on trap nests improves the colonization of trap‐nesting wasps
Authors: Taki Hisatomo , Kevan Peter G. , Viana Blandina F. , Silva Fabiana O. , Buck Matthias 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the role that a trap‐nest cover might have on sampling methodologies, the abundance of each species of trap‐nesting Hymenoptera and the parasitism rate in a Canadian forest were compared between artificially covered and uncovered traps. Of trap tubes exposed at eight forest sites in six trap‐nest boxes, 531 trap tubes were occupied and 1216 individuals of 12 wasp species of four predatory families, Vespidae (Eumeninae), Crabronidae, Sphecidae and Pompilidae emerged over 2 years, and no bee species were found. Results indicated that artificial covering led to a significant increase in the number of nested tubes ofAncistrocerus adiabatus,Ancistrocerus antilope,Ancistrocerus campestrisandAuplopus mellipes, and significant effects of covering were not found for the other species. No significant difference in the overall parasitism rate between covered and uncovered traps was noted. These suggested that the covering technique could provide more opportunities for some wasp species to colonize trap nests.
Abundance and distribution of organic mound‐building ants of theFormica rufagroup in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Risch A. C. , Jurgensen M. F. , Storer A. J. , Hyslop M. D. , Schütz M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRed wood ants (Formica rufagroup) are ubiquitous in many conifer and mixed‐conifer forests of northern Europe and Asia. In contrast, relatively little is known about the abundance and distribution of the 24 North AmericanF. rufagroup species. As ants are important components of most soil invertebrate communities and are considered ecosystem engineers that alter the flow of energy and nutrients through terrestrial systems, it is important to gain information on their distribution and abundance. We conducted a survey for red wood ant mounds in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming/Montana, USA, where human disturbance has been kept to a minimum for over 130 years. We found a total of 85 red wood ant mounds (0.11 to 0.17 mounds/ha) on 327 km of roads and 180 km of the hiking trails we surveyed. The occurrence of ant mounds was higher then expected by random distribution at elevations between 1600 and 2400 m, annual precipitation of 250 to 760 mm, middle and late successional lodgepole pine, late successional Douglas fir forest and non‐forested grassland/sagebrush prairie vegetation. Additionally, mounds were clustered in gently sloped not north‐exposed locations and in areas that had not recently burned. Most of the mounds detected were inhabited byFormica obscuripesForel, which occupied 94% of the mounds sampled. Based on a multi‐criteria binary Geographic Information System model that we developed, we found that ant mounds were to be expected with a high probability in less then 1% of the YNP area. These results together with the detected low density and small size of the red wood ant mounds within the study area suggest that these insects have a much lower impact on invertebrate biodiversity and ecosystem processes, such as forest productivity and carbon and nutrient cycling on the ecosystem scale compared with their counterparts in European or Asian systems.
Genetic divergence of Trichogramma aurosum Sugonjaev and Sorokina (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) individuals based on ITS2 and AFLP analysis
Authors: Samara R. , Monje J. C. , Reineke A. , Zebitz C. P. W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTaxonomy and phylogeny of members of the genus Trichogramma is often critical because of the fact that proper species discrimination can only be achieved by male morphology. Cryptic species, particularly when only females are available (in case of parthenogenetic species or strains), are common in this genus with consequences for practical purposes like biocontrol, unless males can be obtained after antibiotic treatment. The internally transcribed spacer 2 region of the ribosomal DNA was used to assess the identity of Trichogramma aurosum Sugonjaev and Sorokina individuals collected on eggs of Nematus tibialis Newman (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) from different locations in Middle Europe. Amplified products were identical in length (ca. 450bp), sequences showed a high percent similarity (>96%), and no cryptic species could be detected in the samples. In contrast, a comparison with T. aurosum populations from the USA showed values between 86% and 90%. Additional studies are needed to clarify the relationship between US and European populations. Furthermore, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was conducted with T. aurosum wasps collected at 25 different European locations. One hundred and twenty‐three AFLP fragments could be detected using three different AFLP primer combinations of which 98% were polymorphic in more than one individual. An analysis of genetic distances based on the obtained AFLP markers indicated the existence of some genetic variability between the European T. aurosum individuals and allowed a grouping according to their geographic origin. This study represents the first successful application of the AFLP marker technique to such tiny insects as Trichogramma species.
Stratification and symptom characteristics of non‐erosive reflux disease based on acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Xiong Li‐Shou , Chen Min‐Hu , Lin Jin‐Kun , Hu Pin‐Jin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The subgroups and symptom characteristics of non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) based on acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux may be different in Chinese patients to Western patients. This study aimed to explore the stratification and symptom characteristics of patients with NERD.Methods:  Patients with typical heartburn and/or acid regurgitation symptoms were enrolled. Each patient filled out a questionnaire. An upper gastrointestingal endoscopy was performed for each patient followed by simultaneous ambulatory 24‐h esophageal pH and Bilitec (bilirubin) monitoring. A symptom index (SI) of ≥50% was considered to be positive.Results:  Eighty‐two consecutive NERD patients were evaluated. Abnormal (NERD pH+) and normal (NERD pH–) 24‐h pH tests were found in 24 (29.3%) and 58 (70.7%) patients, respectively. Among 42 NERD pH– patients who reported heartburn symptoms during monitoring, SI was positive in 19 (45.2%) patients (NE‐SI+) and negative in 23 (54.8%) patients (NE‐SI–). Pathological duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) was found in 43 (52.4%) patients. No significant differences were noted regarding the prevalence of other upper gastrointestinal symptoms, except for acid regurgitation in NERD pH+ and NERD pH– groups. Additionally, no significant differences were seen in the prevalence of other symptoms, except for chest pain, in groups with pathological and normal DGER.Conclusion:  The proportion of NERD patients with pathological acid reflux was somewhat lower than that reported in Western countries. The role of DGER in NERD may be important. It is difficult to differentiate whether NERD patients have pathological acid or bile reflux according to symptoms.
Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet addiction: Comparison with substance use
Authors: Yen Ju‐Yu , Ko Chih‐Hung , Yen Cheng‐Fang , Chen Sue‐Huei , Chung Wei‐Lun , Chen Cheng‐Chung 
Published: February 2008

Aims:  The aim of the present study was to compare psychiatric symptoms between adolescents with and without Internet addiction, as well as between analogs with and without substance use.Methods:  A total of 3662 students (2328 male and 1334 female) were recruited for the study. Self‐report scales were utilized to assess psychiatric symptoms, Internet addiction, and substance use.Results:  It was found that Internet addiction or substance use in adolescents was associated with more severe psychiatric symptoms. Hostility and depression were associated with Internet addiction and substance use after controlling for other symptoms.Conclusions:  This result partially supports the hypothesis that Internet addiction should be included in the organization of problem behavior theory, and it is suggested that prevention and intervention can best be carried out when grouped with other problem behaviors. Moreover, more attention should be devoted to hostile and depressed adolescents in the design of preventive strategies and the related therapeutic interventions for Internet addiction.
Assessment of risk of venous thromboembolism and its possible prevention in psychiatric patients
Authors: Malý Radovan , Masopust Jiří , Hosák Ladislav , Konupčíková Kateřina 
Published: February 2008

Aims:  The aim of the present study was to compile a specific algorithm of prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized psychiatric patients because this specific issue has not been addressed sufficiently in the literature.Methods:  The computer database MEDLINE was searched using key words (schizophrenia OR depression OR bipolar) AND (antipsychotic OR antidepressant) AND (venous thromboembolism OR pulmonary embolism) AND (prevention OR prophylaxis) in 2006.Results:  Based on the literature regarding non‐surgical and surgical patients with respect to specificities in mental disorders (obesity induced with psychotropic drugs, possible catatonia, physical restraint, potential dehydration, antipsychotic treatment), a scoring system and a synoptic algorithm of prevention of venous thromboembolism modified for hospitalized psychiatric patients, were suggested.Conclusions:  According to the authors' knowledge this is the first attempt to establish such guidelines exclusively in psychiatry. Individual preventative clinical measures are suggested, ranging from regular physical exercise of lower extremities to repeated parenteral application of high doses of heparin tailored to every patient's risk for venous thromboembolism. Economic data support implementation of a proposed decision procedure into psychiatric clinical practice. Prospective discussion of its international applicability would be beneficial from both the clinical and the scientific points of view.
Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Short Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (K‐SPRINT)
Authors: Kim Tae‐Suk , Chung Moon Yong , Kim Won , Koo Young Jin , Ryu Seong Gon , Kim Eui‐Jung , Woo Jong‐Min , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Yang Jong‐Chul , Choi Kyeong‐Sook , Pae Chi‐Un , Seo Ho‐Joon , Lim Hyun‐Kook , Chae Jeong‐Ho ,   Disaster Psychiatry Committee in Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorders
Published: February 2008

Aims:  The Short Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Rating Interview (SPRINT) is a validated, eight‐item, brief global assessment scale for PTSD. This report investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the SPRINT (K‐SPRINT).Methods:  Eighty‐seven PTSD patients, 47 other psychiatric patients, and 63 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. All subjects completed a psychometric assessment package that included the K‐SPRINT and the Korean versions of the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).Results:  The K‐SPRINT showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.86) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.82). K‐SPRINT showed moderatecorrelations with CAPS (r = 0.71). An exploratory factor analysis produced one K‐SPRINT factor. The optimal diagnostic efficiency (91.9%) of the K‐SPRINT was found at a total score of 15, at which point the sensitivity and specificity were 90.8% and 92.7%, respectively.Conclusions:  The present findings demonstrate that the K‐SPRINT had good psychometric properties and can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of PTSD.
Addition of antipsychotics to medication regimens during schizophrenic inpatient care
Authors: Koyama Asuka , Ito Hiroto , Nakanishi Miharu , Sawamura Kanae , Higuchi Teruhiko 
Published: February 2008

Aims:  The objective of the present study was to identify schizophrenia inpatients who had their original regimen augmented with additional antipsychotics during acute inpatient care, and to clarify the factors associated with these additions.Methods:  The subjects were 204 schizophrenia inpatients at 34 acute care hospitals, of whom 42 (20.6%) had further antipsychotics added to their medication regimen during hospitalization.Results:  Compared with patients who were not prescribed additional antipsychotics, the subjects were typically discharged with higher dosages of antipsychotics, principally low‐potency medications. Patients who exhibited aggressive behavior, who had no physical illness, or whose psychiatrists preferred typical antipsychotics, were more likely to be prescribed additional new antipsychotics.Conclusions:  Alternative approaches such as intensive care for aggressive patients and educational intervention with psychiatrists may prove useful in stabilizing patients without adding new antipsychotics unless absolutely necessary, and in simplifying medication regimens.
Effectiveness of mirtazapine for nausea and insomnia in cancer patients with depression
Authors: Kim Sung‐Wan , Shin Il‐Seon , Kim Jae‐Min , Kim Young‐Chul , Kim Kyu‐Sik , Kim Ki‐Min , Yang Su‐Jin , Yoon Jin‐Sang 
Published: February 2008

Aims:  The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablets for nausea and sleep disturbance, which are common and distressing symptoms of cancer.Methods:  This was a 4‐week, prospective, open‐labeled study of cancer patients. Assessments were performed at baseline and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28. Primary outcome measures were the Clinical Global Impression scale for nausea/vomiting and the Chonnam National University Hospital–Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (C‐LSEQ) including total amount of night sleep time. The secondary outcome measures consisted of pain items in the 36‐item Short Form Health Survey, the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the EuroQoL (EQ)‐5D. Forty‐two cancer patients were enrolled.Results:  Those with nausea (n = 28) improved significantly from day 1. The total night sleep time and each item on the C‐LSEQ improved from days 1–5. The scores on the MADRS and the depression/anxiety dimension and visual analog scale of EQ‐5D improved significantly from the first week. Pain measures also improved from day 1. Exacerbation of sleepiness developed in approximately one‐third of subjects during the initial few days, but disappeared gradually.Conclusion:  In the present study mirtazapine rapidly improved nausea, sleep disturbance, pain and quality of life, as well as depression in cancer patients. Mirtazapine may be an effective treatment option in managing cancer patients with multiple distressing symptoms, including nausea and sleep disturbance.
Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students
Authors: Okasaka Yoshiko , Morita Nobuaki , Nakatani Yoji. , Fujisawa Kunihiko 
Published: February 2008

Aims:  The present study aims to clarify the relationships of addictive behaviors and addiction overlap to stress, acceptance from others and purpose in life.Methods:  A survey was conducted on 691 students at eight universities. The Eating Attitude Test‐20 was used to identify students with food addiction or food addictive tendencies. The Kurihama Alcoholism Screening Test was used to identify students with alcohol addiction or alcohol addictive tendencies. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to identify students with nicotine addictive tendencies or nicotine addiction. The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess stress and acceptance from others. The Purpose in Life Test was used to measure meaning and purpose in life. Results were compared between students with addictive behaviors, with addictive tendencies and without addictive behaviors.Results:  Significant differences among the three groups were observed for stress, acceptance from others, and Purpose in Life scores for students with food and nicotine addiction, but no significant differences existed in relation to alcohol addiction. In addition, 28.8% of students displayed addictive behaviors in one of the three areas (food, alcohol or nicotine), 8.5% displayed addictive behaviors in two of the three areas, and 0.4% had addictive behaviors in all three areas. Significant differences existed in stress and acceptance from others among students with one addictive behavior, ≥two addictive behaviors and no addictive behaviors. However, no significant differences existed in Purpose in Life scores with respect to overlapping addictions.Conclusion:  The results suggest a relationship between mental health, addictive behaviors and overlapping addiction among university students.
Effect of a functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase gene on the expression of oligodendrocyte‐related genes in schizophrenia
Authors: Iwamoto Kazuya , Ueda Junko , Bundo Miki , Nakano Yoko , Kato Tadafumi 
Published: February 2008

Aims:  Although the expression of oligodendrocyte‐related genes in post‐mortem brains of patients with schizophrenia is consistently reported to be downregulated, the cause of the change remains unclear. The A‐allele of rs2070106 within the 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP), an oligodendrocyte‐related gene, was reported to show reduced expression compared with the G‐allele, and proposed to be associated with schizophrenia.Methods:  The effect of the rs2070106 genotype on the expression of CNP and other oligodendrocyte‐related genes was examined using data previously obtained from DNA microarray studies of post‐mortem brains.Results:  It was found that the effect of rs2070106 genotype on the CNP expression was transcript specific, and that the genotype was not associated with the expression of other oligodendrocyte‐related genes.Conclusions:  The rs207016 genotype is not likely to contribute to the reported coordinated down‐regulation of oligodendrococyte‐related genes in schizophrenia.
Encoding problem‐solving strategies in prefrontal cortex: activity during strategic errors
Authors: Genovesio Aldo , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Wise Steven P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe primate prefrontal cortex (PF) plays a central role in choosing goals and strategies. To better understand its mechanisms, we recorded from PF neurons as monkeys used abstract response strategies to select a spatial goal. A visual cue, selected randomly from a set of three cues, appeared on each trial. All three cues were novel when neuronal recording commenced. From trial to trial, the cue could have either been repeated or changed from the previous trial; these were called repeat trials and change trials, respectively. On repeat trials, the monkeys used a Repeat–stay strategy to gain a reward by choosing the same spatial goal as on the previous trial; on change trials, they used a Change–shift strategy to reject the previous goal in favour of an alternative. We reported previously that when monkeys performed the task correctly, many PF neurons had activity encoding one of these two strategies. The monkeys sometimes chose the incorrect strategy, however. Strategy coding was weak or absent during the cue period of error trials which was, for correct trials, the time when the monkeys used a strategy to choose a future goal. By contrast, later in the trial, after the chosen goal had been attained and the monkeys awaited feedback, strategy coding was present and it reflected the strategy used, whether correct or incorrect. The weak cue‐period strategy signal could, whatever its cause, have contributed to the errors made, whereas the activity prior to feedback suggests a role in monitoring task performance.
A TTX‐sensitive local circuit is involved in the expression of PK2 and BDNF circadian rhythms in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Baba Kenkichi , Ono Daisuke , Honma Sato , Honma Ken‐ichi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe roles of a local circuit of electrophysiological activity were examined in the expression of circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the adult mouse. The neuronal activity of cultured SCN was suppressed with tetrodotoxin (TTX), an Na+ channel blocker, and the circadian rhythms in mRNA level were assessed for 13 genes by in situ hybridization. SCN slices were cultured for 3 days and TTX was applied at the peak phase of Per1 expression rhythm. The SCN slices were examined at 4‐h intervals up to 32 h after TTX application. The circadian rhythms in the expression of clock genes, Per1, Per2, Bmal1 and Cry1, and of clock‐associated genes, Dec1, Dec2, Rev‐erbα, Rev‐erbβ and DBP, were not affected by TTX treatment. By contrast, TTX completely abolished the circadian rhythm in the BDNF mRNA level and substantially damped the rhythm in PK2. The circadian rhythm in the AVP mRNA level was not changed significantly by TTX. These findings indicate that input through Na+‐channel‐dependent electrophysiological activity is not necessary for the expression of the circadian rhythms of clock and clock‐associated genes, but necessary for full expression of the circadian rhythms of BDNF and PK2 in the SCN. A TTX‐sensitive circuit is involved in the expression of BDNF and PK2 circadian rhythms in the mouse SCN.
Detection of unexpected events during spatial navigation in humans: bottom‐up attentional system and neural mechanisms
Authors: Iaria Giuseppe , Fox Christopher J. , Chen Jen‐Kai , Petrides Michael , Barton Jason J. S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNavigation is a complex cognitive ability requiring the processing and integration of several different types of information extracted from the environment. While navigating, however, an unexpected event may suddenly occur, which individuals are required to detect promptly in order to apply an appropriate behavioural response. The alerting mechanism that is integral to the detection of unexpected events is referred to as the bottom‐up attentional system. Using event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural basis of bottom‐up detection of unexpected events while individuals moved within a virtual environment. We identified activation within a right fronto‐temporo‐parietal network in response to unexpected events while navigating in this virtual environment. Furthermore, when an unexpected event requires an adjusted behavioural response, a region of the right ventrolateral pre‐frontal cortex (areas 45 and 47/12) is selectively activated. Our data replicate earlier findings on the neural mechanisms underlying visual attention and extend these findings to the more complex real‐life ability of spatial navigation, thereby suggesting that these neural mechanisms subserve the bottom‐up attentional systems that are crucial for effective locomotion in real surroundings.