bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell biology of hematoporphyrin derivative (hpd)
Authors: Berns Michael W. , Wilson Marie , Burns Robert , Berns Michael W. , Wile Alan , Rentzepis Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTissue culture cells were treated with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and analyzed for (1) HPD uptake, (2) HPD washout, and (3) fluorescence changes. The absorption peaks were the same for HPD in solution and HPD bound to cells. HPD was taken up by all cell types rapidly within the first 10 hours of exposure, and leveled off by 20 hours of exposure. HPD came out of all cell types to control levels by 72 hours after removal of the HPD bathing solution. The HPD appeared to come out of the malignant 3‐T‐12 cells more slowly than from the parental (non‐malignant) 3‐T‐3 cells. The fluorescence spectrum of HPD‐treated cells changed markedly from the time that the bathing HPD solution was removed from the cells. As time progressed the weakly fluorescent 590‐nm peak increased greatly and the 615‐nm and 630‐nm peaks decreased significantly.
Effects of low‐level energy lasers on the healing of full‐thickness skin defects
Authors: Surinchak John S. , Alago Maria L. , Bellamy Ronald F. , Stuck Bruce E. , Belkin Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEffects of low‐level helium‐neon laser radiation were compared on (1) wounds that closed primarily by contraction and (2) the breaking strength of straight‐line incisions. Circular full‐thickness skin defects in rabbits received dosages of 1.1 J/cm2 during a 30‐min exposure every third day, and 2.2 J/cm2 during a 3‐min exposure twice daily until wound closure. No significant differences in healing were observed between laser‐treated wounds and untreated control wounds. Conversely, rat skin incisions exposed to 2.2 J/cm2 for 3 min twice daily for 14 days demonstrated a 55% increase in breaking strength over control rats (p <0.01); 28 days postoperatively, this difference in breaking strength diminished to a nonsignificant 16% increase over the control rats. Increasing the dosage to 4.5 J/cm2yielded a nonsignificant 17% increase over the control rats 14 days postoperatively. HeNe laser irradiation of wounds increases certain aspects of healing in the early stages, but not to such a degree as to be clinically applicable. More detailed research is indicated to obtain optimal exposure levels necessary to accelerate wound healing significantly.
Noninvasive assessment of microcirculation of living organs and tissues using laser
Authors: Kamada Takenobu , Sato Nobuhiro , Kakubari Naomichi , Yoda Kiyoshi , Kawano Sunao , Schichiri Motoaki , Abe Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor studying microcirculation of intact tissues or organs, a new noninvasive, heat‐transient method using laser photoexcitation is described. As a heating source an argon ion laser or R6G dye laser was used via a quartz fiber optic guide. Infrared radiation from heated tissue was detected by a thermography apparatus. After switching the laser irradiation on and off, a thermal transient curve of a model tissue, the skin, was biphasic: a component with a fast time constant and the other with a slow time constant. The temperature increases of both phases following laser irradiation were linear to the applied power from the laser onto the tissue. The temperature rises as a function of the wavelength of irradiated light have shown that the absorption of the light by tissue hemoglobin is a main heat‐generation source. Furthermore, the temperature rises as a function of tissue blood volume and flow have shown that the component with a slow time constant is more related to the tissue hemoglobin concentration and tissue blood flow and heat conductivity. Thus, the analysis of heat‐transient curves following laser irradiation gives information as to regional tissue blood volume, blood flow, and tissue heat conductivity.
CO2 lasers: Beam patterns in relation to surgical use
Authors: Fava G. , Emanuelli H. , Cascinelli N. , Bandieramonte G. , Canestri F. , Marchesini R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAccording to surgeons operating with a variety of CO2 lasers available at the National Cancer Institute of Milan (Coherent, Sharplan, Valfivre), these lasers have different cutting and coagulation properties.To identify what physical parameters might corroborate the subjective impression of the surgeons, a comparative study of the crater forms in perspex samples was performed. Perspex was chosen for its thermal properties (in fact, its thermal conductivity and diffusivity are similar to those of organic tissue) and because it allowed good visualization and measurement of crater characteristics.Depth of penetration, crater diameter, and extension of thermal damage were measured against power, focal length, and exposure time for each CO2 laser model. These results can be used as an index of behaviour of different surgical lasers.It appears that for fully characterizing the interaction of surgical lasers with the sample, it is necessary to specify either power, focal length, exposure time, or beam mode.
Linear and nonlinear effect of the argon laser on a fallopian tube animal model
Authors: Bellina Joseph H. , Ross Lynne Fischer , Holmquist Nelson , Voros Janos I. , Moorehead Myron E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRabbit fallopian tubes were used as models to demonstrate the delayed effects of the argon laser wavelength on tissue. Power density, energy density, and velocity were all variables in the experiment. Three groups of ten rabbits were sacrificed two at a time, on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. The results clearly showed delayed tissue changes associated with fibrosis. Mathematical and theoretical comparisons of the argon laser to the carbon dioxide laser help express the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the argon laser in fallopian tube surgery. The return of organ function with respect to time has possible significance to studies of human fallopian tube surgeries.
Analysis of complications of argon laser treatment for port wine hemangiomas with reference to striped technique
Authors: Apfelberg David B. , Flores Jasmin T. , Maser Morton R. , Lash Harvey 
Published: March 2007

AbstractArgon laser treatment of port wine hemangiomas has evolved greatly in technique. Since 1979, we have treated 150 patients with the “zebra strike” technique in order to enhance fading and lessen the incidence of complications or side effects. Eighty‐one such patients are studied in depth with at least an 18‐month follow‐up on all patients. The “zebra stripe” technique is described in detail. Analysis of fading shows a 64% excellent or good result in all patients and analysis of sponginess shows that a marked reduction of sponginess is possible by the laser. Side effects and complications including hypopigmentation, texture change, and indentation are discussed in detail. Analysis of scarring shows an overall scar rate of 15% with a general scar rate of 7.4% if you exclude the lip and nasolabial area. Residual striping was present to a slight degree in 34% of the patients and to a major degree in 7% of the patients. All factors are discussed as far as age, complexion, sex, color or port wine stain and related to stripe technique.
Laser oncology in Italy: experimental research and clinical applications at the National Cancer Institute, Milan
Authors: Emanuelli H. , Bandieramonte G. , Marchesini R. , Fava G. , Rodari A. , Colombo M. P. , Costa A. , Spinelli P. , Zunino F. , Chiesa F. , Cascinelli N. , Andreola S. , Pariente R. , Canti G. F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCO2, Nd:YAG, and argon lasers have been used for 5 years for experimental and clinical procedures at the National Cancer Institute of Milan under the auspices of the National Research Council. Experimental data regarding tumor cell spread through lymphatic and hematic channels and cell viability in the fumes after CO2laser irradiation are reported. New advantages in the combined treatment modalities have been demonstrated, since the synergism between the low power argon laser beam and chemotherapeutic agents (anthracyclines) was assessed on cell cultures and the least toxic and the most effective doses of the drugs were identified. Due to the optical properties of the laser beam, physical measurements of the delivered energy and mathematical calculation of the energy per tissue volume unit to be ablated increase the precision in microsurgery especially when conservative managements are indicated. Main applications in surgical oncology, and comparison versus conventional methods, both with vaporization and excisional techniques, according to specific therapeutic protocols, in general surgery, otolaryngology, gynecology, and endoscopy, even on an outpatient basis, are finally illustrated in a series of 600 cases.
Effects of Laser Sources (Argon, Nd:YAG, CO2) on the Elastic Resistance of the Vessel Wall: Histological and Physical Study
Authors: Fasano V. A. , Ponzio R. M. , Benech F. , Sicuro M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe function of elastic elements of the vessel wall is to produce a tension suitable to resist the distension strength made by blood pressure. By producing a modification in the morphologic and structural configuration of such elastic elements, it is possible to obtain changes of the elastic resistance of the wall. The paper reports the histological and physical modifications of blood vessel walls irradiated with different laser sources.
Is Closure of Open Skin Wounds in Rats Accelerated by Argon Laser Exposure?
Authors: Jongsma F. H. M. , Bogaard A. E. J. M. v. D. , Van Gemert M. J. C. , Hulsbergen Henning J. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe influence of linearly polarized argon laser irradiation (λ = 488 nm and 514.5 nm) on the closure time of standardized open skin wounds was measured in rats. In two separate controlled experiments no acceleration of wound closure by laser irradiation was observed. In the first experiment the wounds were cleaned during the laser treatment period at 1 J/cm2. The second experiment at 4 J/cm2was without mechanical wound cleaning. The contradictory results reported in the literature and possible influences of wavelength, energy density, and power density are discussed.
Hepatic Resection With an Nd.YAG Laser in Pig
Authors: Godlewskis G. , Ginoves P. , Chincholles J. M. , Viel E. , Bureau J. P. , Rouy S. , Mion H. , Dubois A. , Fesquet J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEleven hepatic resections were performed by means of a divergent Nd:YAG laser. The beam was transmitted through a fiberoptic delivery system without any handpiece. The shortest resection time and most limited ischemic damage (4 mm) were obtained with 80‐W power shoots and a low divergent beam (4°2 for full angle). The hemostatic effects of the NdrYAG controled bleeding from veins of up to 4.5 mm in diameter, and parenchymatic oozing from the cut edge minimized blood loss. Histological examination revealed the importance of cellular deterioration in the ischemic layer, while electron microscopy showed selective destruction of cell organelles and protein denaturation. Marked elevation of hepatic serum enzymes suggests a high degree of cellular damage. Postoperative examinations confirmed an uncomplicated healing process. Finally, the use of a flexible fiberoptic enables easy surgical manipulation.
Neodymium:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Schellhas Helmut F. , Weppelmann Burhkard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Nd:YAG laser has been used for tumor volume reduction of recurrent gynecologic malignant tumors after previous radiation therapy. The localization of the tumor did not allow conventional surgical resection or surgery was contra‐indicated because of severe medical problems. Hemorrhage caused by recurrent tumor was controlled by tissue coagulation. The laser beam was delivered by means of a handpiece using the Model 8000 of the Molectron Medical Corporation. A power of 40 to 100 W was used with the maximal pulse duration of 9.9 sec and multiple pulse irradiation. The total energy ranged between 620 and 13.105 Ws. Good palliation was achieved in patients with hemorrhaging tumors of the cervix and ovary metastatic to the vagina.
Myocardial Revascularization by Laser: A Clinical Report
Authors: Mirhoseini M. , Fisher J. C. , Cayton M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMethods used to revascularize ischemic myocardium have included arterial reconstruction, coronary artery bypass grafting, providing direct circulation from the intraventricular chamber, and techniques to promote collateral circulation.Ventricular channels from the epicardial surface through the endocardium are readily made with the CO2 laser. Animal experiments suggest that these channels protect the ischemic myocardium and provide circulation to the muscle from the ventricular chamber.Clinical use of the CO2 laser in conjunction with aortocoronary bypass grafting is reported in a patient with three‐vessel coronary artery disease and total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and hypokinesis of the anterior wall and apex. Following bypass a series of laser channels were made in the hypokinetic area of the left ventricle. Postoperative myocardial Tc PYP scans were within normal limits, including the previously dyskinetic anterior apical area. Serial EKGs remained unchanged from the preoperative status. Creatinine phosphokinase‐myocardial band (CPK‐MB) was elevated to 6 on the first and second postop day and was 0 from the third day. The patient was not recatheterized.The technique of myocardial revascularization by laser may be a viable addition to present treatment modalities. Further investigation and long‐term follow‐up are needed.
Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer: An update of the experience at the university of California, Irvine
Authors: Wile A. G. , Coffey J. , Nahabedian M. Y. , Baghdassarian R. , Mason G. R. , Berns M. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis update of the experience at the University of California at Irvine with laser photoradiation therapy (PRT) encompasses the period between May 1981 and June 1983. The results of treatment of 77 patients are reported (head and neck, 39; breast, 33, and lung 5). Head and neck cancer patients received treatment to 114 sites with a complete response (CR) in 28, partial response (PR) in 42, stable disease (SD) in three, and no response (NR) in 34, and an undetermined response in seven. Breast cancer patients were treated in 395 sites with CR in 222, PR in 74, SD in one, NR in 92, and undetermined response in six. The lung cancer patients in this series responded poorly, if at all.In addition to the above patient trials, we have investigated the interaction to laser hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)‐ PRT with a chemotherapeutic agent, Cisplatin, against an experimental tumor (RIF‐1) in an animal model. We have been unable to demonstrate an additive effect of laser HPD‐PRT at total light doses of 25 j/cm2and 75j/cm2 with Cisplatin at a dose of 7 mg/kg. However, no additional toxicity was observed on combination therapy, suggesting that sequential application of laser HPD‐PRT and Cisplatin may be safely employed in clinical situation.Another area of investigation has been the evaluation of the light‐scattering characteristics of a lipid emulsion designed for laser HPD‐PRT of bladder tumors. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to gain uniform illumination of the bladder surface with the use of this light‐dispersing medium. We now believe that it is appropriate to begin clinical trials in which laser HPD‐PRT is utilized as the initial form of therapy. Sites that appear most appropriate for this therapy are early cancers of the head and neck and early cancer of the bladder.
Application of hematoporphyrin derivative and laser‐induced photodynamical reaction in the treatment of lung cancer: A preliminary report on 21 cases
Authors: Li Jun‐Heng , Zhao Shu‐De , Song Shou‐Zhong , Chen Yu‐Ping , Zhang Li‐Tian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper reports results of hematoporphyrin derivative based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) of 24 lung cancer lesions in 21 patients that were followed at least three months. Three if 24 lesions exhibited complete remission and 20 of 24 exhibited a response to PDT. Tumors in twenty of twenty‐one patients exhibited visually disceRNible hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence upon irradiation with the 514‐nm line from an argon ion laser.There were no severe complication due to PDT. The hematoporphyrin derivative, argon ion laser pumped dye laser (rhodamine B) system, and quartz fiber we used in this clinical series were all made in the People's Republic of China.
Clinical measurement of tumor fluorescence using a new diagnostic system with hematoporphyrin derivative, laser photoradiation, and a spectroscope
Authors: Kato Harubumi , Ono Jutaro , Konaka Chimori , Kawate Norihiko , Yoneyama Kazuo , Kinoshita Komei , Nishimiya Katsuaki , Sakai Harumasa , Noguchi Masayuki , Tomono Takahisa , Hayata Yoshihiro , Aizawa Katsuo , Kawasaki Satoru , Tokuda Yasuaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is retained by malignant tumors and emits fluorescence with peaks of 630 and 690 nm wavelength when HPD is exposed to light. It is therefore theoretically possible to make a diagnosis of malignant tumors by detecting the fluorescence of HPD. The authors developed a spectroscope system compatible with fiberoptic endoscopes to analyze the shape of the fluorescence light spectrum. We could clearly recognize the HPD‐specific fluorescence in human cancer foci. This system can be applied to the measurement of the relative amount of HPD absorbed in superficial tumor tissue before the photodynamic therapy. This might suggest the extent of tumor. The clinical diagnostic applications of this system are described in this study.
Evaluation of hematoporphyrin photoradiation therapy to treat choroidal melanomas
Authors: Bruce Robert A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHematoporphyrin derivative‐photoradiation therapy (HPD‐PRT) was used to treat choroidal melanomas in 23 human subjects. Tumor sizes were divided into three categories: less than 500 mm3 (11 patients), 500‐1,000 mm3 (four patients), and greater than 1,000 mm3 (eight patients). Tumors were exposed to 630 nm laser light at total doses of 300‐3,000 J/cm2. Significant tumor reduction was noted in the subjects with initial tumor volume of less than 500 mm3 and 500‐1,000 mm3.
Evaluation of visual acuity during laser photoradiation therapy of cancer
Authors: Coffey J. H. , Wile A. G. , Mason G. R. , Berns M. W. , Mosier M. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVisual function for ten patients undergoing HPD‐PRT was tested using 1) the Graham Filed Eye Chart for distance vision, 2) pseudo‐isocharomatic plates for color vision, and 3) Amsler grid for changes in macular function. Whereas some increases and decreases in ocular function were observed, no clear patteRNs or changes of significance were observed.
Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer: Possible role of hyperthermia
Authors: Berns Michael W. , Coffey Joan , Wile Alan G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo patients were treated at 20 different tumor sites by hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photoradiation therapy (PRT). An infrared detector was used to record changes in surface temperature during laser exposure. A temperature rise of up to 4.9 °C was recorded for a total energy of 15–30 J/cm2 and less than 150 mW/cm2. For 508 mW/cm2 and 15–20 J/cm2 a temperature rise of 7.0 °C was detected. The results suggest a possible role of hyperthermia in HPD‐PRT.
Interstitial applications of laser irradiation in hematoporphyrin derivative photosensitized dunning R3327 prostate cancers
Authors: McPhee M. S. , Thorndyke C. W. , Thomas G. , Chapman D. , Lakey W. H. , Tulip J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo prostate tumour models (Dunning R3327H and AT) were tested in rats to see if they were sensitive to hematoporphyrin‐photoradiation therapy (HPD‐PRT). The R3327H tumours were irradiated by implantation of a single fiber optic and the R3327 AT tumours were treated with implantation of four fiber optics simultaneously. Thermal measurements made at the tip of the fiber and up to 1 cm from the tip indicated temperature rises from 1.5 °C to 20 °C at the tip and 0 ° to 8 °C distal to the tip, with power densities ranging from 100 mW to 500 mW. The R3327H tumour was controlled up to 8 weeks post‐HPD‐PRT, when the initial tumour size was 400–500 mm3. The R3327 AT tumours also respond to the HPD‐PRT but a significant laser‐induced thermal rise in the tumour is suspected.
Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy of the rat 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model
Authors: Boggan James E. , Edwards Michael S. B. , Bolger Catherine A. , Berns Michael W. , Walter Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in the rat 9L gliosarcoma intracerebral brain tumor model at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intravenous administration was evaluated using a digital video fluorescence microscopy technique. Maximum tissue fluorescence in the normal brain was observed at 4 hours, whereas maximum fluorescence in the tumor regions occurred at 24 hours. Although the fluorescence counts suggested that there was significant uptake of HPD within the tumors when compared to normal brain, only 33% to 44% of each of the eight tumors surveyed showed fluorescence.In response to a laser light dose (633 nm) of 30 J/cm2, six rats that had been sensitized with HPD had a patchy coagulation necrosis involving up to 70% of the total tumor volume. In contrast, four rats given HPD only or exposed to laser only had no areas of necrosis, as observed on histological examination. In a group of 30 rats, no prolongation of survival was observed in response to photoradiation therapy.
Laser‐welded vs soldered nonprecious alloy dental bridges: A comparative study
Authors: Apotheker Harvey , Nishimura Ichiro , Seerattan Carl 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe high cost of gold alloy has caused the dental profession to begin substituting nonprecious alloy for the framework in porcelain fused to metal bridges. Especially in long‐span bridges it may be advantageous to make multiple castings and then join them for a better fit. As opposed to the highly successful soldering of gold, soldered nonprecious alloy bridges have a great failure rate in the mouth. Removal of and remaking of the bridges is thus the result. This study compares nonprecious units that have been laser‐welded with those conventionally soldered. Seven identical bridges of three units were cast in a popular alloy composed of 74–78% nickel, 12–15% chromium, 4–6% molybdenum, and 1·8% maximum beryllium. One served as a control, while the remaining six were all cut in the same place. Of these, three were soldered with a gas oxygen torch. The other three were welded with a Nd‐YAG laser. Better and stronger joints unlikely to fracture in the mouth were found with the leser‐welded specimen.
Adhesion of composite materials to enamel: Comparison between the use of acid and lasing as pretreatment
Authors: Liberman R. , Segal T. H. , Nordenberg D. , Serebro L. I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcid‐etch is presently the accepted method for adhesion of composite materials to enamel. In this investigation, we used the laser for pretreatment of the enamel instead of acid. The adhesive (tensile) strength was measured by the Instron unit and statistically analyzed.Results demonstrated that bonding strength following laser pretreatment is comparable to that of acid‐etch.
Laser recannalization of atheromatous vessels using fiber optics
Authors: Ward H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA laser endoscope was devised using optic fibers in order to provide a means of visualization and removal of atheromatous plaques from arteries in cadavers and experimental animals. Atheromatous plaques were satisfactorily lased off in a few seconds, although contraction of lased vessels was observed. A self‐focusing fiber was shown to provide laser access to and visualization of the body via a single optic fiber of feasibly less than 0.2 mm diameter.