bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthraquinones as defensive compounds in eggs of Galerucini leaf beetles: Biosynthesis by the beetles?
Authors: Pankewitz Florian , Zöllmer Anja , Gräser Yvonne , Hilker Monika 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEggs of leaf beetles of the tribe Galerucini, subfamily Galerucinae, contain polyketides that are unusual in insects: 1,8‐dihydroxylated anthraquinones (chrysazin, chrysophanol) and anthrones (dithranol, chrysarobin) deterring predators. The host plants do not contain these compounds. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the beetles, but not bacterial or fungal microorganisms living as endosymbionts within the beetles, produce the anthraquinones. The tansy leaf beetle Galeruca tanaceti was used as Galerucini model organism. It was treated with antimicrobial substances to eradicate the microorganisms and inhibit the hypothesised endosymbiotic anthraquinone production. Despite treatment, female G. tanaceti laid eggs containing anthraquinones. Although broad spectrum antimicrobials were used, it cannot be excluded that the potential endosymbiotic microorganisms are resistant. Given that the hypothesised endosymbionts are transferred via the eggs from one generation to the next, bacterial or fungal DNA was expected to be present in the eggs. With the exception of Wolbachia pipientis, however, no further 16S rDNA from bacteria responsible for anthraquinone biosynthesis was detected in eggs of untreated beetles. Because Wolbachia were also found in closely related anthraquinone‐free insects, we exclude these bacteria as producers of the defensive polyketides. Nor was any 18S rDNA from fungi with anthraquinone biosynthetic abilities detected. Our results indicate that anthraquinones and anthrones in eggs of Galerucini are produced by beetle enzymes and not by endosymbiotic microorganisms within the eggs. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 66:98–108, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of two‐phase lipase‐catalyzed esterification on micro and bench scale
Authors: Swarts Jan W. , Vossenberg Petra , Meerman Marieke H. , Janssen Anja E.M. , Boom Remko M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLipase type B from Candida antarctica was used to catalyze the esterification of propionic acid and 1‐butanol in a water/n‐decane two‐phase system on micro and on bench scale. The reaction was described by a Ping Pong Bi Bi mechanism with alcohol inhibition. The kinetic parameters on micro and bench scale were compared; no significant differences were found. Furthermore, effects of temperature on activation and inactivation of the enzyme were found to be similar on micro and bench scale. Therefore, parameters found on either scale can be used for the other scale. Enzyme kinetic parameters can be determined on a micro scale, with very low consumption of reagents and catalyst, and then be applied to bench scale. This can reduce the cost of optimizing enzyme processes by downscaling. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 855–861. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An anatomic study of the spinal accessory nerve: Extended harvest permits direct nerve transfer to distal plexus targets
Authors: Vathana Torpon , Larsen Mikko , de Ruiter Godard C.W. , Bishop Allen T. , Spinner Robert J. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn anatomic study of the distal spinal accessory nerve (SAN) to determine the number of myelinated axons and feasibility of posterior harvest for direct neurotization of distal targets was performed. Ten fresh human cadavers were studied. A supraclavicular approach was performed followed by a posterior approach. The relationship of the SAN to bony landmarks (T1 spinous process, acromioclavicular joint, posterolateral corner of the acromium, and angle at the superior medial border of the scapula) as well as maximal harvestable length was recorded. After posterior dissection, the SAN was mobilized and the ability to reach both anterior infraclavicular and posterior targets was assessed. Axon counts were also performed at the proximal, mid, and distal points along the course of the nerve. The posteriorly harvested SAN was identified reliably with respect to bony landmarks. When harvested posteriorly, the SAN could reach the infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus (i.e., terminal branches), and posteriorly, the suprascapular nerve (SSN) both proximal and distal to the suprascapular ligament, the latter for selective reinnervation of the infraspinatus branch. The average number of myelinated fibers at the proximal end of the nerve was 1,328 axons, at the mid‐way point was 1,021 axons, and at terminal end of the nerve was 817 axons. Harvest of the SAN from a posterior approach based on these landmarks is feasible, allowing direct transfer of the nerve to the infraclavicular brachial plexus and to the SSN both proximal and distal to the suprascapular ligament, without the use of interposition nerve grafts. Clin. Anat. 20:899–904, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ternary MgTiX‐Alloys: A Promising Route towards Low‐Temperature, High‐Capacity, Hydrogen‐Storage Materials
Authors: Vermeulen Paul , van Thiel Emile F. M. J. , Notten Peter H. L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the search for hydrogen‐storage materials with a high gravimetric capacity, MgyTi(1−y) alloys, which exhibit excellent kinetic properties, form the basis for more advanced compounds. The plateau pressure of the MgTiH system is very low (≈10−6 bar at room temperature). A way to increase this pressure is by destabilizing the metal hydride. The foremost effect of incorporating an additional element in the binary MgTi system is, therefore, to decrease the stability of the metal hydride. A model to calculate the effect on the thermodynamic stability of alloying metals was developed by Miedema and co‐workers. Adopting this model offers the possibility to select promising elements beforehand. Thin films consisting of Mg and Ti with Al or Si were prepared by means of e‐beam deposition. The electrochemical galvanostatic intermittent titration technique was used to obtain pressure‐composition isotherms for these ternary materials and these isotherms reveal a reversible hydrogen‐storage capacity of more than 6 wt. %. In line with the calculations, substitution of Mg and Ti by Al or Si indeed shifts the plateau pressure of a significant part of the isotherms to higher pressures, while remaining at room temperature. It has been proven that, by controlling the chemistry of the metal alloy, the thermodynamic properties of Mg‐based hydrides can be regulated over a wide range. Hence, the possibility to increase the partial hydrogen pressure, while maintaining a high gravimetric capacity creates promising opportunities in the field of hydrogen‐storage materials, which are essential for the future of the hydrogen economy.
Transition Metal Bisdithiolene Complexes Based on Extended Ligands with Fused Tetrathiafulvalene and Thiophene Moieties: New Single‐Component Molecular Metals
Authors: Nunes João P. M. , Figueira Mauro J. , Belo Dulce , Santos Isabel C. , Ribeiro Bruno , Lopes Elsa B. , Henriques Rui T. , Vidal‐Gancedo Jose , Veciana Jaume , Rovira Concepció , Almeida Manuel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe gold and nickel bisdithiolene complexes based on new highly extended ligands incorporating fused tetrathiafulvalene and thiophene moieties (α‐tdt=thiophenetetrathiafulvalenedithiolate and dtdt=dihydro‐ thiophenetetrathiafulvalenedithiolate), were prepared and characterised by using cyclic voltammetry, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, EPR, magnetic susceptibility and electrical transport measurements. These complexes, initially obtained under anaerobic conditions as diamagnetic gold monoanic [nBu4N][Au(α‐tdt)2] (4), [nBu4N][Au(dtdt)2] (3) and nickel dianionic species [(nBu4N)2][Ni(α‐tdt)2] (8), [(nBu4N)2][Ni(dtdt)2] (7), can be easily oxidised to the stable neutral state just by air or iodine exposure. The monoanionic complexes crystallise in at least two polymorphs, all of which have good cation and anion segregation in alternated layers, the anion layers making a dense 2D network of short S⋅⋅⋅S contacts. All of the neutral complexes, obtained as microcrystalline or quasi amorphous fine powder, present relatively large magnetic susceptibilities that correspond to effective magnetic moments in the range 1–3 μB indicative of high spin states and very high electrical conductivity that in case of the Ni compound can reach σRT≈ 250 S cm−1 with a clear metallic behaviour. These compounds are new examples of the still rare single‐component molecular metals.
Topography of thalamic and parabrachial calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive neurons projecting to subnuclei of the amygdala and extended amygdala
Authors: D'Hanis W. , Linke R. , Yilmazer‐Hanke D.M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInjections of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) into the amygdala evoke fear‐related behaviors and antinociceptive effects. In the present study we therefore characterized CGRP‐containing amygdaloid afferents by injecting the retrograde tracer FluoroGold (FG) into subnuclei of the amygdala and adjacent divisions of the extended amygdala, namely, the lateral (LA) and central (CE) amygdaloid nuclei, interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC), and the amygdalostriatal area (AStr). The distribution of retrogradely FG‐labeled neurons and colocalization of CGRP‐immunoreactivity with FG‐labeling were mapped in the posterior paralaminar thalamic complex and parabrachial nuclei. The analysis of the posterior thalamus revealed that about 50% of CGRP‐containing neurons projected to the AStr, the projections originating in the medial part of the medial geniculate body, posterior intralaminar nucleus, parvicellular subparafascicular nucleus, and peripeduncular nucleus. However, the percentage of CGRP‐containing thalamic neurons projecting to the adjacent LA, medial part of the CE, and ventrocaudal part of the caudatoputamen rapidly dropped to 3–9%. There were no double‐labeled cells after injections into the lateral and capsular parts of the CE and the IPAC. Thus, the AStr received the heaviest CGRP‐containing projection from the posterior thalamus. CGRP‐containing parabrachial neurons projected to the AStr and lateral, capsular, and medial parts of the CE, the projections originating in the external, crescent, and central parts of the lateral parabrachial nucleus and external part of the medial parabrachial nucleus. The results demonstrate a distinct projection pattern of CGRP‐containing thalamic and parabrachial neurons to subnuclei of the amygdala and extended amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:268–291, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular space in mouse cerebellar cortex revealed by in vivo cryotechnique
Authors: Ohno Nobuhiko , Terada Nobuo , Saitoh Sei , Ohno Shinichi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractConventional methods of preparing tissue specimens for morphological investigation of the central nervous system suffer from inevitable artifacts caused by anoxia during the processing. In the present study we performed ultrastructural analyses of mouse cerebellar cortex using the in vivo cryotechnique (IVCr), which minimizes ischemic artifacts of target organs through direct cryofixation in vivo. In molecular and Purkinje cell layers of the mouse cerebellum prepared with IVCr, considerably large extracellular spaces (ECS) were detected among cellular profiles and synaptic clefts. The ECS obtained with IVCr without ischemia were larger than those obtained with IVCr after 8‐minute ischemia or a conventional quick‐freezing method with fresh resected tissues (FQF), but did not decrease with IVCr after 30‐second ischemia. By contrast, the parallel fibers observed with IVCr without ischemia were slightly smaller than those after 30‐second ischemia, and significantly smaller than those prepared with IVCr after 8‐minute ischemia or FQF. ECS were frequently preserved around synaptic clefts, although the rest were totally or partially enclosed with closely apposed glial processes. The estimated sizes of the ECS around synaptic clefts did not differ between the opened and enclosed synapses, suggesting that the opened synapses might be temporarily surrounded by glial sheaths dynamically extending or retracting throughout the perisynaptic ECS. These findings indicate IVCr to be useful for some morphological analyses of ECS in the central nervous system. The appreciable ECS around synapses would allow morphological and functional changes of neuronal and glial cells dynamically involved in synaptic remodeling or signal transduction. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:292–301, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discrete singular convolution methodology for free vibration and stability analyses of arbitrary straight‐sided quadrilateral plates
Authors: Civalek Ömer 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new discrete singular convolution (DSC) method is developed for vibration, buckling and static analyses of arbitrary straight‐sided quadrilateral plates. The straight‐sided quadrilateral domain is mapped into a square domain in the computational space using a four‐node element. By using the geometric transformation, the governing equations and boundary conditions of the plate are transformed from the physical domain into a square computational domain. Numerical examples illustrating the accuracy and convergence of the DSC method for straight‐sided quadrilateral thin plates such as rectangular, skew, trapezoidal and rhombic plates are presented. The results obtained by the DSC method were compared with those obtained by the other numerical and analytical methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydration of the Calcium Dication: Direct Evidence for Second Shell Formation from Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Bush Matthew F. , Saykally Richard J. , Williams Evan R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInfrared laser action spectroscopy in a Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer is used in conjunction with ab initio calculations to investigate doubly charged, hydrated clusters of calcium formed by electrospray ionization. Six water molecules coordinate directly to the calcium dication, whereas the seventh water molecule is incorporated into a second solvation shell. Spectral features indicate the presence of multiple structures of Ca(H2O)72+ in which outer‐shell water molecules accept either one (single acceptor) or two (double acceptor) hydrogen bonds from inner‐shell water molecules. Double‐acceptor water molecules are predominately observed in the second solvent shells of clusters containing eight or nine water molecules. Increased hydration results in spectroscopic signatures consistent with additional second‐shell water molecules, particularly the appearance of inner‐shell water molecules that donate two hydrogen bonds (double donor) to the second solvent shell. This is the first reported use of infrared spectroscopy to investigate shell structure of a hydrated multiply charged cation in the gas phase and illustrates the effectiveness of this method to probe the structures of hydrated ions.
“6 markers/5 colors” extended white blood cell differential by flow cytometry
Authors: Faucher Jean‐Luc , Lacronique‐Gazaille Charlotte , Frébet Elise , Trimoreau Franck , Donnard Magali , Bordessoule Dominique , Lacombe Francis , Feuillard Jean 
Published: September 2007

AbstractElectronic white blood cell (WBC) differential by standard cytology (hematology analyzer and visual inspection of blood smears) is limited to five types and identification of abnormal cells is only qualitative, often problematic, poorly reproducible, and labour costing. We present our results on WBC differential by flow cytometry (FCM) with a 6 markers, 5 colors CD36‐FITC/CD2‐PE+CRTH2‐PE/CD19‐ECD/CD16‐Cy5/CD45‐Cy7 combination, on 379 subjects, with detection of 12 different circulating cell types, among them 11 were quantified. Detection of quantitative abnormalities of whole leucocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, or lymphocytes was comparable by FCM and by standard cytology in terms of sensitivity and specificity. FCM was better than standard cytology in detection and quantification of circulating blast cells or immature granulocytes, with a first lineage orientation in the former case. All cases of lymphocytosis, with lineage assignment, were detected by FCM. FCM identified a group of patients with excess of CD16pos monocytes as those having an inflammatory syndrome. WBC differential by FCM is at least as reliable as by standard cytology. FCM superiority consists in identification and systematic quantification of parameters that cannot be assessed by standard cytology such as lineage orientation of blast cells or lymphocytes, and expression of markers of interest such as CD16 on inflammatory monocytes. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Expression of multiple class three semaphorins in the retina and along the path of zebrafish retinal axons
Authors: Callander Davon C. , Lamont Ryan E. , Childs Sarah J. , McFarlane Sarah 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) extend axons that exit the eye, cross the midline at the optic chiasm, and synapse on target cells in the optic tectum. Class three semaphorins (Sema3s) are a family of molecules known to direct axon growth. We undertook an expression screen to identify sema3s expressed in the retina and/or brain close to in‐growing RGC axons, which might therefore influence retinal‐tectal pathfinding. We find that sema3Aa, 3Fa, 3Ga, and 3Gb are expressed in the retina, although only sema3Fa is present during the time window when the axons extend. Also, we show that sema3Aa and sema3E are present near or at the optic chiasm. Furthermore, sema3C, 3Fa, 3Ga, and 3Gb are expressed in regions of the diencephalon near the path taken by RGC axons. Finally, the optic tectum expresses sema3Aa, 3Fa, 3Fb, and 3Gb. Thus, sema3s are spatiotemporally placed to influence RGC axon growth. Developmental Dynamics 236:2918–2924, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Displacement of Neutral Nitrogen Donors by Chloride in AuCl3 (3R‐py) (3R‐py = meta‐Substituted Pyridine): Comparison between meta‐ and para‐Substituted Pyridines by Kinetics and DFT Calculations
Authors: Pitteri Bruno , Bortoluzzi Marco 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the process AuCl3(3R‐py) + Cl– → AuCl4– + 3R‐py (3R‐py = one of a number of meta‐substituted pyridines covering a wide range of basicity) have been studied in methanol at 25 °C. The reactions obey the usual two‐term rate law observed in the substitution reactions of square‐planar complexes. The second‐order rate constants, k2, are very sensitive to the nature of the leaving group and plots of log k2 against the pKa of the conjugate acids are linear with the same slope of ca. –0.6 already found for para‐substituted pyridines (4R‐py). Until now the two groups of bases have been considered to behave in the same manner in their displacement from AuIII and PtII by various nucleophiles but, on the contrary, the reactivity of the two classes of N donors is slightly different and follows the order: 4R‐py > 3R‐py. This kinetic result is explained on the basis of an energetic difference between the frontier orbitals of the AuCl3(3R‐py) and AuCl3(4R‐py) derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Testing a self‐determination theory‐based teaching style intervention in the exercise domain
Authors: Edmunds Jemma , Ntoumanis Nikos , Duda Joan L 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDrawing from self‐determination theory (SDT), this study examined the effect of an autonomy supportive, well structured and interpersonally involving teaching style on exercise class participants' psychological need satisfaction, motivational regulations, exercise behaviour, behavioural intention and affect. Female exercise class participants enrolled in a 10‐week exercise program were exposed to an SDT‐based (i.e. SDTc; n = 25) or typical (i.e. control group; n = 31) teaching style. The control condition reported a significant decrease in autonomy support, amotivation and behavioural intention over time. In addition, they reported a significant increase in competence and introjected regulation. Compared to the control condition, the SDTc reported a significantly greater linear increase in structure and interpersonal involvement, relatedness and competence need satisfaction and positive affect. Attendance rates were significantly higher in the SDTc. SDT‐based social‐contextual characteristics and psychological needs predicted autonomous regulations; all these variables collectively predicted adaptive outcomes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonenzymatic Glucose Detection with Good Selectivity Against Ascorbic Acid on a Highly Porous Gold Electrode Subjected to Amalgamation Treatment
Authors: Cho Sangeun , Kang Chan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA nonenzymatic glucose sensor with good selectivity for the ascorbic acid oxidation is presented. After the gold polycrystalline electrode was subjected to amalgamation treatment, two advantageous effects were observed. One is the enhancement of the surface roughness and the other is an increase in the catalytic current in the glucose oxidation. Besides the known first effect, the latter provided another advantageous effect in a fabrication of nonenzymatic glucose sensor. Using a gold electrode subjected to amalgamation treatment for 60 s, two calibration curves for glucose oxidation at two different potentials of −0.1 V and 0.25 V were obtained and compared. At the potential of −0.1 V, at which no ascorbic acid was oxidized and no interference effect was observed, a current sensitivity of 16 μA cm−2 mM−1 from zero to 10 mM glucose concentration range was obtained. At the other potential of 0.25 V, at which ascorbic acid was easily oxidized, a satisfactory calibration curve with negligible ascorbic acid interference was also obtained together with a more enhanced current sensitivity of 32 μA cm−2 mM−1.
Getting better byte by byte: a pilot randomised controlled trial of email therapy for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
Authors: Robinson Paul , Serfaty Marc 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOne hundred and ten people in an university population responded to emailed eating disorder questionnaires. Ninty‐seven fulfilling criteria for eating disorders (bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), EDNOS) were randomised to therapist administered email bulimia therapy (eBT), unsupported Self directed writing (SDW) or Waiting list control (WLC). Measures were repeated at 3 months. Diagnosis, Beck depression inventory (BDI) and Bulimia investigatory test (BITE) scores were recorded. Follow‐up rate was 63% and results must be interpreted cautiously. However significantly fewer participants who had received eBT or SDW fulfilled criteria for eating disorders at follow up compared to WLC. There was no significant difference between eBT and SDW in the analysis of variance (ANOVA), although in separate analyses, eBT was significantly superior to WLC (p < 0.02) and the difference for SDW approached significance (p = 0.06). BDI and BITE scores showed no significant change. For eBT participants there was a significant positive correlation between words written and improvement in BITE severity score. BN, BED and EDNOS can be treated via email. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.