bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Elsinoe ampelina on Muscadine Grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) in Northern Florida
Authors: Yun H. K. , Louime C. , Lu J. 
Published: June 2007

Anthracnose of grapes is an economically devastating disease caused by Elsinoe ampelina (2). Warm, humid weather favors disease development, and therefore in the United States, it is generally restricted to grape-growing areas east of the Rocky Mountains. Vitis vinifera is highly susceptible to the disease, which is one of the principal factors preventing the development of an industry with this high-quality grape in the southeastern United States. Growers in this area produce local species-such as muscadine grapes (V. rotundifolia Michx.) and hybrids. Muscadine grapes are known for their resistance or “immunity” to many diseases found in bunch (Euvitis spp. Planch.) grape species (1). As yet, there has been no formal report of anthracnose or its causal agent on muscadine grapes. E. ampelina was detected on muscadine leaves for the first time in the experimental vineyard at the Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research during the summer of 2006. Approximately 40% of the 52 muscadine cultivars in the collection showed circular or irregular black spots typical of anthracnose mainly on young leaves and tendrils. However, no symptoms were observed on fruits, shoot tips, or any other plant part. To confirm the causal agent, infected leaves were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol, dipped in 2% sodium hypochlorite for 15 s, rinsed in distilled water, dissected into small 0.5-cm leaf discs, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C. Single-spore isolates were grown on PDA. Colonies were slow growing and appeared as dark red mounds with some mycelia. Conidia were cylindrical and hyaline with pointed ends consistent with previous reports for E. ampelina (2). The identity was also confirmed by using the following PCR primers to the 18S RNA: left primer; TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGGA and right primer; TCCTACCTGAT CCGAGGTCA designed on the basis of the alignment of E. ampelina sequences deposited in NCBI database. To fulfill Koch's postulates, symptoms were reproduced by artificial inoculation onto young muscadines (cv. Carlos) and bunch (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) grapevines. A conidial suspension was prepared from single-conidial cultures, and three experimental vines of each species were sprayed with 0.5 ml of suspension (2 × 105 conidia per ml), whereas three control plants were sprayed with distilled water. The plants were incubated in a moist chamber at 28°C with 16 h of light. The first typical symptoms appeared on V. vinifera 4 days postinoculation and on the muscadines 6 days postinoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming anthracnose disease on muscadine grapes. References: (1) J. Lu et al. Acta Hortic. 528:479, 2000. (2) R. C. Pearson and A. C. Gohen. Anthracnose. Pages 18–19 in: Compendium of Grape Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1994.
First Report of Subanguina radicicola, the Root-Gall Nematode Infecting Poa annua Putting Greens in Washington State
Authors: Mitkowski N. A. 
Published: June 2007

In the fall of 2006, a golf course in Snoqualmie, WA renovated five putting greens with commercially produced Poa annua L. sod from British Columbia, Canada. Prior to the renovation, the greens had been planted with Agrostis stolonifera L. cv. Providence, which was removed during the renovation. In February of 2007, chlorotic patches were observed on the newly established P. annua greens. When the roots were examined, extensive galling was observed throughout plant roots. Galls were slender and twisted in appearance and less than one millimeter long. Upon dissection of washed galls, hundreds of eggs were exuded into the surrounding water droplet and both mature male and female nematodes were observed. Further morphometric examination of males, females, and juvenile nematodes demonstrated that they were Subanguina radicicola (Greef 1872) Paramanov 1967 (1). Amplification of nematode 18S, ITS1, and 5.8S regions, using previously published primers (2), resulted in a 100% sequence match with the publicly available sequence for S. radicicola, GenBank Accession No. AF396366. Each P. annua plant had an average of six galls (with a range of 1 to 8), primarily located within the top 2 cm of the soil. All five new P. annua putting greens at the golf course were infested with the nematode. Additionally, P. annua from two A. stolonifera cv. Providence greens that had not been renovated was infected, suggesting that the population occurred onsite and was not imported from the Canadian sod. S. radicicola has been identified as causing severe damage in New Brunswick, Canada on P. annua putting greens and in wild P. annua in the northwestern United States, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the nematode affecting P. annua on a golf course in the United States. References: (1) E. L. Krall. Wheat and grass nematodes: Anguina, Subanguina, and related genera. Pages 721–760 in: Manual of Agricultural Nematology. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991. (2) N. A. Mitkowski et al. Plant Dis. 86:840, 2002.
First Report of Brown Rot Caused by Monilinia fructicola on Various Stone and Pome Fruits in the Czech Republic
Authors: Duchoslavová J. , Širučková I. , Zapletalová E. , Navrátil M. , Šafářová D. 
Published: June 2007

Monilinia fructicola, a causal agent of brown rot, is one of the most important fungal pathogens of stone fruits. The disease causes major crop losses in peach, plum, prune, nectarine, and apricot. M. fructicola is commonly present in Asia, North and South America, and Australia. This is a quarantined pathogen in Europe; restricted occurrence has been observed in Austria and France. Recently, it was detected in Hungary and Switzerland on peach and nectarine fruits imported from Italy and Spain (1,4). During a survey in the summer of 2006, 56 samples were tested for the presence of Monilinia spp. M. fructicola was detected in 15 samples from 11 locations in the western area (Bohemia) of the Czech Republic, mainly on peaches (Prunus persica), apples (Malus × domestica), and sweet and sour cherries (Cerasus avium and C. vulgaris) and rarely on flowering plum (Prunus triloba) and Malus × moerlandsii cv. Liset. On the other hand, the pathogen was not detected on fruits of apricot (Prunus armeniaca) or pear (Pyrus communis). In all cases, M. fructicola was detected on fruits except for a single occurrence of the pathogen on a shoot of the Malus × domestica. The pathogen was always detected in mixed infections with M. fructigena and/or M. laxa. On both fruits and the shoot, symptoms appeared as brown, sunken lesions covered with grayish pustules. Many infected fruits became dry and mummified because rot progressed through the fruit surface. The infected shoot died back (3). M. fructicola was identified by means of colony and conidial morphology and molecular characteristics. The colonies cultivated on potato dextrose agar were entire and the colony surface was even. The color of the colony was gray, and sporulating colonies showed concentric rings that changed to a hazel color. Conidia were ellipsoid, hyaline, and 13.5 to 17.7 × 8.3 to 10.5 μm. Preliminary morphological identification was confirmed by PCR (2) on DNA isolated directly from mycelium on the examined fruits. A product that was 280 bp long was obtained in all cases. The BLAST analysis of our PCR product sequences showed 100% homology to sequences of M. fructicola (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ491506, AY2891185, Z73778, and AB125615). One sequence from our study was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. EF378628). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the quarantined fungus M. fructicola in the Czech Republic. References: (1) E. Bosshard et al. Plant Dis. 90:1554, 2006. (2) K. J. D. Hughes et al. EPPO Bull. 30:507, 2000. (3) J. M. Ogawa et al., eds. Compendium of Stone Fruit Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1995. (4) M. Petróczy and L. Palkovics. Plant Dis. 90:375, 2006.
First Report of Phytophthora citricola Occurring on Fagus sylvatica in Slovenia
Authors: Munda A. , Žerjav M. , Schroers H.-J. 
Published: June 2007

During 2005 and 2006, eight declining, mature Fagus sylvatica trees with severe crown dieback were encountered at two stands near Ljubljana and Kamnik in central Slovenia. Bleeding cankers were seen mostly in the lower parts of the stem. Fresh cankers showed orange brown necroses of the inner bark and cambium. Older cankers were dark brown and surrounded by cracks and shedding bark. Small pieces of marginal tissue were excised from fresh necrotic lesions and incubated in the dark at 20°C on P5ARP and cornmeal (CMA) agar plates. Soil samples collected from around the base of these declining trees were submerged in sterile distilled water. Leaves of Rhododendron catawbiense were used as bait to test for the presence of Phytophthora spp. Several similar isolates were obtained from trees and soil from both stands. Colonies were narrowly petaloid, slow growing on P5ARP, and fast growing on CMA. The colonies produced abundant sporangia when submerged in pond water. Semipapillate, noncaducous sporangia were ovoid to obpyriform, but were occasionally distorted, and 30 to 69 (49) μm long and 23 to 44 (34) μm wide. Neither hyphal swellings nor chlamydospores developed. Isolates were homothallic showing paragynous antheridia, spherical oogonia of 22 to 31 (25) μm diameter, and plerotic oospores of 20 to 27 (23) μm diameter. The morphological characters resembled those described for Phytophthora citricola (1). ITS rDNA, spanning ITS 1 and 2, plus the 5.8S rDNA were generated using primers ITS4 and ITS5. Isolates from symptomatic trees and the soil yielded identical sequences and were the same as various sequences deposited for P. citricola at GenBank. The ITS rDNA of one representative strain was deposited at GenBank (Accession No. EF423556). Mycelial plugs from one of the P. citricola strains grown on CMA were used to inoculate stem wounds of seven potted seedlings and wounds made on four freshly cut, healthy branches of F. sylvatica. Sterile agar plugs were used as controls. The test was carried out over 4 weeks at 20°C. Extensive necrotic lesions developed around inoculation points on seedlings and branches, whereas the controls showed no symptoms. P. citricola could also be reisolated from margins of these lesions. During the past decade, declining F. sylvatica trees were observed in an increasing number of stands in Germany (2). Several Phytophthora species appeared to be involved in this decline, but P. citricola was the most frequently recovered species (2,3). To our knowledge, this it the first report of P. citricola found associated with a decline of European beech in Slovenia. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Pages 282–287 in: Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (2) T. Jung. Forst Holz. 60:131, 2005. (3) T. Jung et al. Mycologist 19:159, 2005.
First Report of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Cicer pinnatifidum
Authors: Can C. , Ozkilinc H. , Kahraman A. , Ozkan H. 
Published: June 2007

In July 2005, small (2 to 5 mm), elongated, dark brown spots on the stems of Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach. were observed on plants grown in the rocky hills of the Kahramanmaras Province. To understand this phenomenon, field trips to Kahramanmaras, Adiyaman, and Sanliurfa provinces were conducted in the summer of 2006. C. pinnatifidum plants exhibiting symptoms similar to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. were collected during May and June. The plants had flowers and pods with seeds at the time of collection. Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems were not extensive. None of the plants had leaf symptoms, but one plant had lesions on its pods. Twelve plants exhibiting Ascochyta blight symptoms were taken to the laboratory, and necrotic parts were used for isolation of the fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 3 to 5 days of culturing on PDA, characteristic beige-to-dark brown colony development of A. rabiei from explants was observed and five isolates from different locations were recovered. The fungal colony growth was slow and limited conidia formed on PDA. The isolates were also cultured on chickpea meal agar (CMA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media. Abundant conidia formation occurred only on CMA, 10 to 12 days after culturing. Conidia were one-celled similar to that of A. rabiei of chickpea and single-spore isolations were done. C. pinnatifidum and chickpea cv. Gokce (C. arietinum L.) were inoculated with spore suspensions of 5 × 105 spores per ml (2). Ten- to twelve-day-old seedlings were used for inoculation in the experiments. Brown-black lesions at the crown region on C. pinnatifidum seedlings were observed 9 to 10 days after inoculation, and characteristic Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems developed on chickpea cv. Gokce. The fungus was reisolated from the infected seedlings. For molecular characterization, mating type of the isolates was determined by PCR using A. rabiei specific Tail1, Com1, and Sp21 primers (1). A single band of Mat 1.2 specific 500- bp product was amplified by PCR from five of the A. rabiei isolates of C. pinnatifidum. This confirmed that the isolates from C. pinnatifidum are A. rabiei. References: (1) M. P. Barve et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 39:151, 2003. (2) M. S. A. Khan et al. Plant Pathol. 48:230, 1999.
First Report of Leaf Spot and Twig Blight of Rhododendron spp. Caused by Phytophthora hibernalis in Spain
Authors: Álvarez L. A. , Pérez-Sierra A. , García-Jiménez J. , Abad-Campos P. , Landeras E. , Alzugaray R. 
Published: June 2007

During the early spring of 2004, an estimated 20% of containerized nursery stocks of Rhododendron spp. in Asturias (northern Spain) were affected by a foliar disease that has reoccurred annually. Leaf spots were dark brown to almost black, generally oval to round, visible from both sides of the leaf, and expanded to affect the entire leaf including the petiole. Affected leaves abscised from the plant. A Phytophthora sp. was consistently isolated from symptomatic leaf tissues on PARBH medium (3) and hyphal tips were transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA). Colonies grown on PDA at 20°C were submerged, had a growth rate of 2.2 mm/day, and had lobes of compact mycelium. Sporangia were semipapillate and caducous with a pedicel (20.0-) 37.7 (-52.5) μm long. Sporangia were asymmetrical in shape with the broadest point near the apex: 25.2 to 40.4 μm long × 10.2 to 15.8 μm wide (average 33.1 × 12.6 μm), and length/width ratio was 2.8:1. Chlamydospores were not observed. Isolates were homothallic and oogonia ranged from 26.5 to 27.5 μm in diameter. Antheridia were mostly amphigynous but occasionally paragynous. Oospores were plerotic and 23.1 to 25.5 μm in diameter. These characteristics conformed to those of Phytophthora hibernalis Carne (2). Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions on the isolates and comparison with other sequences in GenBank showed that they were identical to P. hibernalis (Accession No. AY827556.1 from Citrus sp.). For pathogenicity tests, four isolates of P. hibernalis were used to inoculate detached leaves of Rhododendron hybrid Brigitte. The underside of five detached leaves was inoculated with a drop of 40 μL of a suspension of 104 zoospores/ml. Controls were inoculated with a 40-μL drop of sterile distilled water. Leaves were incubated in a moist chamber at 20°C in the dark. A quantification of the lesion area was made 8 days after inoculation using the software Assess-APS. All inoculated leaves developed necrotic lesions that ranged from 0.246 to 1.512 cm2. P. hibernalis was reisolated from infected tissue. Symptoms were not detected on the controls. The test was repeated twice and similar results were obtained each time. P. hibernalis has been described previously as causing brown rot on citrus in Spain (4) and was isolated from rhododendron plants in California and Oregon (1). To our knowledge, this is the first record of P. hibernalis causing foliar blight on Rhododendron species in Spain as well as in Europe. References: (1) C. Blomquist et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2005-0728- 01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2005. (2) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul MN. 1996. (3) S. N. Jeffers and S. B. Martin. Plant Dis. 70:1038, 1986. (4) J. J. Tuset. An. Inst. Nac. Investig. Agrar. Ser. Prot. Veg. N.7, 1977.
First Report of Cucumber vein yellowing virus in Melon in France
Authors: Lecoq H. , Dufour O. , Wipf-Scheibel C. , Girard M. , Cotillon A. C. , Desbiez C. 
Published: June 2007

During the fall of 2003, mild mosaic symptoms were observed in melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants grown in glasshouses near Eyragues (southeastern France) resembling those caused by the Bemisia tabaci transmitted Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV, genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae). In addition, large numbers of B. tabaci were observed to be colonizing these crops. The identification of CVYV was established through differential host range reaction, immunosorbent electron microscopy (IEM), and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR experiments. Crude sap from symptomatic leaves was used to inoculate differential host plants. Mild mosaic symptoms were observed on melon, and cucumber developed vein-clearing symptoms typical of CVYV. No symptoms were observed in Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, and Vigna sinensis. Numerous, slightly flexuous, elongated virus particles were observed in infected plant extracts; these particles were decorated by a polyclonal antiserum raised against a Sudanese CVYV isolate. To confirm CVYV identification, total RNA extracts (TRI-Reagent, Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) were obtained from the original symptomatic melon tissues. RT-PCR was carried out using CVYV-specific primers CVYV-CP-5′: 5′-GCTTCTGGTTCTCAAGTGGA-3′ and CVYV-CP- 3′: 5′-GATGCATCAGTTGTCAGATG-3′ designed according to the partial sequence of the coat protein gene of CVYV-Isr (GenBank Accession No. AF233429) (2). A 540-bp fragment corresponding to the central region of CVYV coat protein was amplified from total RNA extracted from symptomatic but not from asymptomatic melon tissue. Direct sequencing was done on RT-PCR products (GenBank Accession No. EF441272). The sequence was 95 and 99% identical to that reported for CVYV isolates from Israel and Spain, respectively. CVYV was first described in Israel and has recently emerged as the cause of important diseases in Spain and Portugal (1,3). Shortly after detecting CVYV during 2003, efforts were made to eradicate the virus in susceptible crops. CVYV was not detected again during intensive surveys conducted in southeastern France during 2004, 2005, and 2006, suggesting that the CVYV detected during 2003 resulted from an accidental introduction and that the virus has not become established in France. References: (1) I. M. Cuadrado et al. Plant Dis. 85:336, 2001. (2) H. Lecoq et al. J. Gen. Virol. 81:2289, 2000. (3) D. Louro et al. Plant Pathol. 53:241, 2004.
Pain Treatment and Recovery After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kemppainen Tatu P , Tuomilehto Henri , Kokki Hannu , Seppä Juha , Nuutinen Juhani 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Early recovery and pain management after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are largely unexplored regardless of the large number of ESSs performed by otorhinolaryngologists. In the present study, we evaluated whether scheduled administration of acetaminophen (paracetamol) for pain management after ESS would allow faster recovery to normal daily activities compared with acetaminophen administered on an as needed basis.Study Design: Open, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups.Methods: There were 78 patients who were undergoing ESS and were randomized into two groups. The “scheduled” group (n = 38) was instructed to take two acetaminophen 665 mg modified‐release tablets three times a day during the first five postoperative days, whereas the “as needed” group (n = 40) was given instructions to use acetaminophen 665 mg tablets only on an as needed basis. Patients filled in a questionnaire at the follow‐up visits on the 7th and 30th postoperative days. The main outcome measures were return to normal daily activities (primary endpoint) and pain during the first week after surgery and patients' satisfaction with pain management (secondary endpoints).Results: Patients returned to their normal daily activities in 8.8 (SD 4.8) days in the “scheduled” group versus in 10.3 (SD 7.0) days in the “as needed” group (mean difference 1.5; 95% CI of the difference –1.3 to 4.2; P = .29). In the “scheduled” group, the mean of worst pain was 3.4 (2.9) compared with 5.2 (3.0) in the “as needed” group on an 11‐point scale (mean difference 1.7; 95% CI of the difference 0.4–5.2; P = .019). The patients in both groups were equally satisfied with pain management.Conclusions: The present study suggests that patients recover in 9 to 10 days after ESS when provided with appropriate pain management. Our data indicate that by prescribing scheduled acetaminophen, postoperative pain after ESS can be controlled effectively without the need for opioid analgesics.
Vidian Canal: Analysis and Relationship to the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Vescan Allan D. , Snyderman Carl H. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Mintz Arlan , Gardner Paul , Branstetter Barton , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study is to describe the anatomy and relationships of the vidian canal to known endonasal and skull base landmarks. This will allow the endoscopic skull base surgeon to safely approach the anterior genu of the petrous carotid artery during expanded endonasal approaches to the skull base.Study Design: The study is a prospective cohort study.Methods: Axial, coronal, and sagittal computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinuses and skull base of 44 patients were examined. Individuals with known skull base pathology were excluded. Measurements included the length of the vidian canal, the relationship of the vidian canal to the anterior genu of the petrous carotid artery, and the type of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus as it pertains to foramen rotundum and the vidian canal. In addition, we will focus on the relationship of the vidian canal to the sphenopalatine foramen and base of the medial pterygoid plate.Results: The degree of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus is highly variable. The mean length of the vidian canal is 18 mm (10–23 mm). The vidian canal is found entirely within bone in 27% to 30% of scans reviewed. The anterior genu of the petrous internal carotid artery is found superior‐medial to the vidian canal in 44 of 44 of the CT scans reviewed. The vidian canal runs medial to lateral in 93% to 98% of patients studied.Conclusions: As a result of this study the endoscopic skull base surgeon has a number of anatomical landmarks and measurements that may be helpful insafely localizing the anterior genu of the petrous internal carotid artery during expanded endonasal approaches to the skull base.