bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix misdiagnosed as cystic hydatid disease of the liver: a case report
Authors: Krieg Andreas , Esch Jan Schulte am , Poll Ludger W , Braunstein Stefan , Knoefel Wolfram T 
Published: June 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Primary neoplastic lesions presenting with a mucocele of the appendix are very rare and can be divided into benign variants of mucinous adenomas or cystadenomas, mucinous tumours of uncertain malignant potential or mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. Most of these tumourous mucoceles are asymptomatic and are found incidentally. The major complication of neoplastic mucinous appendiceal tumours is the development of a pseudomyxoma peritonei due to spreading of mucin-producing cells within the abdominal cavity.

Case presentation
A 44-year-old man presented with a history of non-specific symptoms of right upper abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scan identified a cystic mass consistent with the morphological characteristics of an echinococcal hydatid cyst. After completing systemic albendazole therapy, an explorative laparotomy revealed a cystic tumour of the appendix. Ileocaecal resection was performed and pathology reports confirmed the diagnosis of a mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusion
Here we present the case of a man with a mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix mimicking cystic hydatid disease. We discuss the importance of re-evaluation and differential diagnostic reflections in cases of appendiceal mucocele.
Diacerein inhibits the synthesis of resorptive enzymes and reduces osteoclastic differentiation/survival in osteoarthritic subchondral bone: a possible mechanism for a protective effect against subchondral bone remodelling
Authors: Boileau Christelle , Tat Steeve Kwan , Pelletier Jean-Pierre , Cheng Saranette , Martel-Pelletier Johanne 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Subchondral bone alterations represent an essential component of osteoarthritis (OA). Modifying the abnormal subchondral bone metabolism may be indicated to treat OA. We investigated the effect of diacerein and rhein on the changes occurring in subchondral bone during OA. To this end, we determined the drugs' effects on metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13) synthesis on subchondral bone and on the osteoblast signalling pathways. In osteoclasts, we studied MMP-13 and cathepsin K production as well as cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival.

Methods
The effect of diacerein/rhein on the production of subchondral bone MMP-13 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Signalling pathways were evaluated on osteoblasts by Western blot. Osteoclast experiments were performed using cells from the pre-osteoclastic murine cell line Raw 264.7. Osteoclast MMP-13 and cathepsin K activities were determined by specific bioassays and differentiation of these cells quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.

Results
Diacerein and rhein reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β)-induced MMP-13 production in OA subchondral bone. This effect occurred through the inhibition of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2) and p38. In osteoclasts, they significantly reduced the activity of MMP-13 and cathepsin K. Moreover, these drugs effectively blocked the IL-1β effect on the osteoclast differentiation process and the survival of mature osteoclasts.

Conclusion
Altogether, these data suggest that diacerein/rhein could impact the abnormal subchondral bone metabolism in OA by reducing the synthesis of resorptive factors and osteoclast formation.
Anti-PF4/heparin antibodies associated with repeated hemofiltration-filter clotting: a retrospective study
Authors: Lasocki Sigismond , Piednoir Pascale , Ajzenberg Nadine , Geffroy Arnaud , Benbara Abdel , Montravers Philippe 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is an immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that is associated with a procoagulant state and both arterial and venous thrombosis. After observing two cases of repeated hemofiltration-filter clotting associated with high anti-PF4/heparin antibody concentrations, we systematically measured the anti-PF4/heparin antibody concentration in all cases of unexpected and repeated hemofiltration-filter clotting during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH). The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody in the case of repeated hemofiltration-filter clotting.

Methods
We reviewed the charts of all patients who had an anti-PF4/heparin antibody assay performed for repeated hemofiltration-filter clotting between November 2004 and May 2006 in our surgical intensive care unit. We used an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (heparin-platelet factor 4-induced antibody) with an optical density (OD) of greater than 1 IU considered positive.

Results
During the study period, anti-PF4/heparin antibody assay was performed in 28 out of 87 patients receiving CVVH. Seven patients were positive for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies (OD 2.00 [1.36 to 2.22] IU) and 21 were antibody-negative (OD 0.20 [0.10 to 0.32] IU). Baseline characteristics, platelet counts, and activated partial thromboplastin time ratios were not different between the two groups. CVVH duration was significantly decreased in antibody-positive patients (5.0 [2.5 to 7.5] versus 12.0 [7.5 to 24.0] hours; P = 0.007) as was CVVH efficiency (urea reduction ratio 17% [10% to 37%] versus 44% [30% to 52%]; P = 0.04) on heparin infusion. Anti-PF4/heparin antibody concentration was inversely correlated with CVVH duration. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that a 6-hour cutoff was the best CVVH session duration to predict a positive antibody test (sensitivity 71%, specificity 85%, and area under the curve 0.83). CVVH duration (32 [22 to 37] hours; P < 0.05) and urea reduction (55% [36% to 68%]; P < 0.03) were restored by danaparoid sodium infusion.

Conclusion
Repeated hemofiltration-filter clotting in less than 6 hours was often associated with the presence of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, regardless of the platelet count. In antibody-positive patients, replacement of heparin by danaparoid sodium allowed the restoration of CVVH duration and efficiency.
Histoplasma capsulatummanifests preferential invasion of phagocytic subpopulations in murine lungs
Authors: Deepe George S , Gibbons Reta S , Smulian A George 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNumerous in vitro studies have demonstrated that Histoplasma capsulatum is engulfed by the diverse populations of phagocytic cells including monocytes/macrophages (Mφ), immature dendritic cells (DC), and neutrophils. The in vivo distribution of H. capsulatum has yet to be examined following an intrapulmonary challenge. To accomplish this goal, we engineered GFP into two genetically dissimilar strains of H. capsulatum, G217B and186R. C57BL/6 mice were infected with each of these strains, and we analyzed the distribution of this fungus in the three major phagocytic populations on successive days. Yeast cells were found in all three populations of cells from Days 1 through 7. Proportionally, DC dominated at Day 1, whereas the majority of yeast cells was detected in neutrophils thereafter. Yeast cells were present in inflammatory and resident Mφ on Day 3, but on Day 7, they were chiefly in inflammatory Mφ. Yeast cells were predominantly in a CD11c+intermediate/high, F4/80−, CD11b+, Ly-6C+, CD205+ DC population. Neutralization of TNF-α or IFN-γ produced a significant redistribution of yeast cells. These results reveal the complex nature of intracellular residence of this fungus. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that there is a skewing in the subpopulations of cells that are infected, especially DC.
Induction Effects of Ritonavir: Implications for Drug Interactions
Authors: Foisy Michelle M , Yakiwchuk Erin M , Hughes Christine A 
Published: June 2008

Objective:To review the literature on the induction effects of ritonavir on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system and glucuronyl transferase and identify resultant established and potential drug interactions.Data Sources:Primary literature was identified from MEDLINE (1950–April 2008), EMBASE (1988–April 2008) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–April 2008) using the search terms ritonavir, cytochrome P450 enzyme system, enzyme induction, glucuronyl transferase, and drug interactions. Additionally, relevant conference abstracts and references of relevant articles were reviewed.Study Selection and Data Abstraction:All English-language articles and abstracts identified were reviewed.Data Synthesis:Ritonavir is a well-known inhibitor of the metabolism of numerous medications that are substrates of the CYP3A and CYP2D6 pathways. It also exhibits a biphasic, time-dependent effect on P-glycoprotein of inhibition followed by induction. Numerous pharmacokinetic studies suggested that ritonavir induces cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A, 1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19, as well as glucuronyl transferase. Additionally, several case reports described clinically significant subtherapeutic effects of drugs metabolized by these isoenzymes when coadministered with ritonavir. Both therapeutic and boosting doses of ritonavir appear to induce these enzymes: however, most of the studies of low-dose ritonavir involved a second protease inhibitor such as lopinavir, darunavir, or tipranavir. It is, therefore, difficult to distinguish the relative effects of additional medications unless well-designed, 3-way studies are conducted.Conclusions:At both therapeutic and boosting doses, ritonavir exhibits a clinically relevant induction effect on numerous drug-metabolizing enzymes. A decrease or loss of therapeutic effect may be observed when ritonavir is coadministered with medications that are substrates for these enzymes. It is important for clinicians to be aware of drugs potentially impacted by ritonavir therapy to Identify and manage these interactions.
Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacies: Practice and Research in Estonia
Authors: Volmer Daisy , Vendla Kaidi , Vetka Andre , Bell J Simon , Hamilton David 
Published: June 2008

Objective: To describe practice and research related to pharmaceutical care In Estonia following the country's restoration of independence from Russia in 1991. Findings: The transition from a Soviet to a free market economy has Impacted the healthcare and pharmacy systems in Estonia. Following independence, ownership of community pharmacies was transferred from the Stale government to individual pharmacists. However, pharmacy ownership is no longer restricted to pharmacists and recent years have seen the emergence of large pharmacy chains. The number of community pharmacies in Estonia increased from 270 in 1992 to 523 in 2007. In addition to dispensing, Estonian pharmacies retain a focus on compounding of extemporaneous products and supply of herbal medications. Research into pharmaceutical care has addressed topics including pharmaceutical policy and the quality of pharmacy services provided at community pharmacies. Discussion: There has been limited pressure to date from the governmental Institutions and patient organizations to Introduce extended pharmaceutical services. However, the trend toward providing health services in primary care will create greater responsibilities and new opportunities for community pharmacists. Recent inclusion of clinical pharmacy and interprofessional learning In the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum will help ensure ongoing development of the profession and high-quality pharmacy services in the future. Conclusions: Pharmaceutical care services in Estonian community pharmacies have become more patient-oriented over the past 17 years. However, community pharmacies continue to retain a focus on traditional roles.
Stability of Sunitinib in Oral Suspension
Authors: Navid Fariba , Christensen Robbin , Minkin Patton , Stewart Clinton F , Furman Wayne L , Baker Sharyn 
Published: June 2008

Background: Sunitinib Is a novel, oral, multitargeted tyrosine kinase Inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. No liquid formulation of sunitinib malate is commercially available for pediatric administration. Objective: To prepare extemporaneously an oral liquid formulation of sunitinib malate from commercially available capsules and study its chemical and physical stability in suspension at room temperature and under refrigeration at 4 °C. Methods: Six Independent samples were prepared by mixing the contents of 3 sunitinib malate capsules (each equivalent to 50 mg of sunitinib) with 15 mL of a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus; Ora-Sweet solution to yield a final concentration of 10 mg/mL Suspensions were stored in amber plastic bottles with child-resistant caps. Three samples were refrigerated at 4 °C and 3 were stored at room temperature. Aliquots from each bottle were obtained on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 and diluted to a final concentration of 300 ng/mL with 500 ng/mL of clozapine in 50% acetonttrile. Sunitinib concentrations were then measured by a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay validated in our laboratory. Results: At room temperature and under refrigeration at 4 °C, sunitinib in a 10-mg/mL suspension of sunitinib malate with Ora-Plus:Ora-Sweet 1:1 maintained greater than 96% of its initial concentration for 60 days, Visual appearance (color and consistency) and odor of drug suspension remained unchanged during the study. Conclusions: Sunitinib is stable in an oral suspension prepared from commercially available capsules for at least 60 days al room temperature and refrigeration at 4 °C. This liquid formulation is better suited for administration to children and adults with cancer who cannot swallow sunitinib capsules.
Zonisamide Concentrations During Pregnancy
Authors: Oles Karen S , Bell William L 
Published: June 2008

Objective: TO describe a series of serum concentrations of zonisamide in a pregnant woman. Case Summary: A 30-year-old woman with primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures and myoclonic jerks was taking zonisamide 200 mg daily as her sole antiepileptic agent when she conceived. She continued on zonisamide throughout her pregnancy. The zonisamide concentrations ranged between 7.5 μg/mL and 17 μg/mL during pregnancy, with the exception of a 4.4-μg/mL concentration at 27 weeks postconception. Following this lower concentration, the zonisamide dose was increased to 300 mg/day at week 29. She had an uneventful pregnancy, with only occasional myoclonic jerks, and delivered at 41 weeks. At 42 weeks, white taking zonisamide 300 mg/day, her concentration was 20.8 μg/mL Discussion: A single report from Japan reviewed 26 cases of prenatal exposure to zonisamide. Twenty-two offspring were exposed to zonisamide monotherapy; 4 were exposed to polytherapy. During the first trimester, 2 pregnant women on zonisamide and at least one other antiepileptic medication had serum concentrations of 6.1 μg/mL and 6.2 μg/mL; 2 of the Infants had teratogenic effects. Teratogenicity has also been reported in animals. There are no other published data regarding zonisamide concentrations during pregnancy. Conclusions: The change in zonisamide serum concentrations in a pregnant woman suggests an increase in clearance at the end of the second trimester.
University students' achievement goals and approaches to learning in mathematics
Authors: Cano Francisco , Berbén A. B. G. 
Published: June 2008

Background Achievement goals (AG) and students' approaches to learning (SAL) are two research perspectives on student motivation and learning in higher education that have until now been pursued quite independently.Aims This study sets out: (a) to explore the relationship between the most representative variables of SAL and AG; (b) to identify subgroups (clusters) of students with multiple AG; and (c) to examine the differences between these clusters with respect to various SAL and AG characteristics.Sample The participants were 680 male and female 1st year university students studying different subjects (e.g. mathematics, physics, economics) but all enrolled on mathematics courses (e.g. algebra, calculus).Method Participants completed a series of questionnaires that measured their conceptions of mathematics, approaches to learning, course experience, personal 2 × 2 AG, and perceived AG.Results SAL and AG variables were moderately associated and related to both the way students perceived their academic environment and the way they conceived of the nature of mathematics (i.e. the perceptual‐cognitive framework). Four clusters of students with distinctive multiple AG were identified and when the differences between clusters were analysed, we were able to attribute them to various constructs including perceptual‐cognitive framework, learning approaches, and academic performance.Conclusio This study reveals a consistent pattern of relationships between SAL and AG perspectives across different methods of analysis, supports the relevance of the 2 × 2 AG framework in a mathematics learning context and suggests that AG and SAL may be intertwined aspects of students' experience of learning mathematics at university.
A Preliminary Assessment of Police Officers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Persons With Disabilities
Authors: Modell Scott J. , Mak Suzanna 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Individuals with developmental disabilities are 4 to 10 times more likely to become crime victims than individuals without disabilities (D. Sobsey, D. Wells, R. Lucardie, & S. Mansell, 1995). Victimization rates for persons with disabilities is highest for sexual assault (more than 10 times as high) and robbery (more than 12 times as high). There are a number of factors related to individuals' with disabilities susceptibility to interactions with the criminal justice system. In addition to these factors, many significant barriers exist, both real and perceived, that limit investigation and prosecution of these cases. How police officers perceive and understand disability play significant roles in how these cases develop and evolve. The purpose of this study was to assess police officer knowledge and perceptions of persons with disabilities.
Effects of Conversational Versus Technical Language on Treatment Preference and Integrity
Authors: Jarmolowicz David P. , Kahng SungWoo , Ingvarsson Einar T. , Goysovich Richard , Heggemeyer Rebecca , Gregory Meagan K. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Problem behaviors present a significant challenge for individuals with developmental disabilities and their caregivers. Interventions based on behavioral principles are effective in treating problem behaviors; however, some caregivers have difficulty adhering to treatment recommendations. Treatment adherence may be affected by the technical nature of behavioral terminology. Research suggests that caregivers better understand and are more comfortable with interventions described in conversational language; however, the effects of technical language on treatment implementation are unknown. In the current investigation, implementation of a behavioral treatment was monitored after caregivers were given either a technical or conversational description of the intervention. Implementation was more accurate when the treatment description was written in conversational language, suggesting that clinicians should write behavioral plans in conversational language.
Successful Aging in a 70-Year-Old Man With Down Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Krinsky-McHale Sharon J. , Devenny Darlynne A. , Gu Hong , Jenkins Edmund C. , Kittler Phyllis , Murty Vundavalli V. , Schupf Nicole , Scotto Luigi , Tycko Benjamin , Urv Tiina K. , Ye Lingling , Zigman Warren B. , Silverman Wayne 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe authors present a case study of a 70-year-old man with Down syndrome (“Mr. C.”) who they followed for 16 years and who does not exhibit declines in cognitive or functional capacities indicative of dementia, despite having well-documented, complete trisomy 21. The authors describe the age-associated changes that occurred over 16 years as well as provide detailed information regarding Mr. C.'s health and genetic status. To further emphasize Mr. C.'s successful aging, the authors compared his longitudinal performance profile with that of 2 peers of comparable level of intellectual functioning: 1 similar-aged man with clinical Alzheimer's disease and a younger man who was healthy. The authors present potential explanations for the phenotypic variability observed in individuals with Down syndrome.
A Comparison of Low IQ Scores From the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale— Third Edition
Authors: Umphress Thomas B. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Twenty people with suspected intellectual disability took the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS; C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus, 1998) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—3rd Edition (WAIS-III; D. Wechsler, 1997) to see if the 2 IQ tests produced comparable results. A t test showed that the RIAS Composite Intelligence Index scores were significantly higher than WAIS-III Full Scale IQ scores at the alpha level of .01. There was a significant difference between the RIAS Nonverbal Intelligence and WAIS-III Performance Scale, but there was no significant difference between the RIAS Verbal Intelligence Index and the WAIS-III Verbal Scale IQ. The results raise questions concerning test selection for diagnosing intellectual disability and the use of the correlation statistic for comparing intelligence tests.
Reviews
Authors: Colby Dean , Prez Francisco Seoane , Shade Leslie Regan 
Published: June 2008

Communication Revolution: Critical Junctures and the Future of Media, Robert W. McChesney (2007)New York: The New Press, 301 pp., 9781595582072 (hbk), 25.00The Pursuit of Public Journalism: Theory, Practice, and Criticism, Tanni Haas (2007)New York and London: Routledge, 193 pp., 0415978246 (hbk), 95; 0415978254 (pbk), 24.95Knowledge Workers in the Information Society, Edited by Catherine McKercher and Vincent Mosco (2007)Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 350 pp., 9780739117804 (hbk), 68.00; 9780739117811 (pbk), 34.95
Modification of Fagus sylvatica (L.) with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU): Part 1. Estimation of heat adsorption by the isosteric method (Hailwood-Horrobin model) and by solution calorimetry
Authors: Dieste Andrés , Krause Andreas , Militz Holger 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
The differential heat of adsorption (ΔH

s
) of Fagus sylvatica wood modified with 0.8 M, 1.3 M, and 2.3 M solution of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) was determined at different equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) by both the isosteric method, using the Hailwood-Horrobin model at 20, 30, and 40°C and by solution calorimetry. Both methods revealed that at 1% EMC, the 2.3-M modified wood releases approximately double the amount of energy as does unmodified wood. At EMC below approximately 5%, DMDHEU-modified wood appears to be more hygroscopic than unmodified wood, indicating that more OH groups are available for adsorption. The bulking effect of the cell wall and the increase of OH groups caused by the modification with DMDHEU are probably the reason for this observation. As expected, higher EMC led to a reduction of ΔH

s
.