bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in micro ceramic injection molding
Authors: Piotter Volker , Beck Martin B. , Ritzhaupt-Kleissl Hans-Joachim , Ruh Andreas , Haußelt Jürgen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEffective material application and miniaturization, both indispensable to modern product development and production, demand enhanced manufacturing processes suitable for both micro devices and economic series production. For micro parts made of polymeric materials, micro injection molding represents such a method and has already reached an industrially viable status.For manufacturing of ceramic products micro powder injection molding is a promising option because it combines the possibility of large-scale series production with a wide range of materials, thus possessing a considerable economic potential.An enhanced variant, micro two-component injection molding enables, for example, the fabrication of micro components consisting of two ceramic materials with different physical properties and, furthermore, significantly minimizes mounting expenditure.
Influence of Fe–F-co-doping on the dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3thick-films
Authors: Paul F. , Giere A. , Menesklou W. , Binder J. R. , Scheele P. , Jakoby R. , Haußelt J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe influence of Fe acceptor and Fe – F acceptor – donor co-doping on the dielectric response of screen-printed Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3thick-films on alumina substrates has been investigated. The Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3powders were synthesized by freeze-drying of sols. Permittivity, dielectric loss, and tunability were investigated at kHz frequencies with a planar metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure, and at GHz frequencies up to 40 GHz using coplanar waveguide structures. Pure acceptor doping by Fe was found to have a distinct influence on permittivity and dielectric loss-factor at kHz-frequencies and at GHz frequencies due to an internal bias field and pairs of associated defects. Co-doping with F significantly suppresses the influence of the internal bias field and defect-associates at low and microwave frequencies. The commutation quality factor at 10 GHz and Eeff= 5.8 V μm-1was increased by co-doping the thick-films with Fe and F. Such doped Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3films show a high potential for tunable microwave applications.
A model to calculate the viscosity of silicate melts
Authors: Grundy A. Nicholas , Jung In-Ho , Pelton Arthur D. , Decterov Sergei A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Our recently developed model to describe the viscosity of binary silicate melts is extended to describe and predict the viscosities of multicomponent silicate melts. The viscosity of multicomponent melts containing no AlO1.5 is modeled to vary linearly as a function of the mole fractions of the basic oxides at constant SiO2 mole fraction. Systems containing AlO1.5 show a more or less pronounced viscosity maximum close to the charge compensating composition. This maximum is caused by some of the Al3+ taking on the same structural role as Si4+, thereby participating in the formation of the silica network. The network-forming Al3+ must remain associated with either one Na+, or two Al3+ ions must remain associated with one Mg2+ or Ca2+, in order to assure charge neutrality. To take this into account we introduce the associates NaAlO2, CaAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 that correspond to charge compensated network-forming Al3+. The Gibbs energy of formation of these associates determines the amount of Al3+ that takes on the network-forming role. We assume the effect on viscosity of network-forming Al3+ to be the same as Si4+ and optimize the Gibbs energies of the associates to reproduce the experimental viscosity data. Viscosities in ternary silicate systems without AlO1.5 are quantitatively predicted with no additional ternary model parameters. Ternary systems MeO
x
– SiO2 – AlO1.5 are modeled with only two temperature-independent ternary parameters per system. The model not only reproduces the magnitude of the observed viscosity maximum, but also its complex shape, asymmetry and temperature dependence.
Study of near surface changes in yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia after low temperature degradation
Authors: Marro F. G. , Chintapalli R. , Hvizdos P. , Soldera F. , Mücklich F. , Anglada M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFull tetragonal 3 mol.% Y2O3doped zirconia has been subjected to hydrothermal ageing in water at 131 °C in order to study the change in microstructure just below the surface. The degraded layer was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in a section perpendicular to the surface which was prepared by focus ion beam machining. The existence of microcracks and transformed grains in a thin surface layer of the hydrothermal degraded specimens is shown. Scratch damage in annealed and in thermally degraded specimens is compared.
A complexTFAP2Aallele is associated with branchio‐oculo‐facial syndrome and inner ear malformation in a deaf child
Authors: Tekin Mustafa , Sırmacı Aslı , Yüksel‐Konuk Berrin , Fitoz Suat , Sennaroğlu Levent 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present a 4‐year‐old girl with congenital profound sensorineural deafness associated with inner ear malformation (incomplete partition type II, enlarged vestibule, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct). The proposita also had pseudocleft lips, skin defects, auricle abnormalities, and unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney, leading to the diagnosis of branchio‐oculo‐facial (BOF) syndrome. Mutation analysis of theTFAP2Agene showed a de novo deletion of 18 and insertion of 6 nucletiodes, resulting in deletion of amino acids LPGARR and insertion of RI between amino acids 276 and 281. Altered amino acids are located within the basic DNA binding and dimerization domains of TFAP2A. Previously reported amino acid substitutions in TFAP2A involved only DNA binding domain in four patients with BOF syndrome who were not reported to have profound sensorineural deafness. Our report implies that the localization of mutations inTFAP2Amight be responsible with the phenotypic findings in BOF syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the first reported case of inv dup del 20p compatible with a U‐type exchange model
Authors: Leclercq Sandrine , Maincent Kim , Baverel Françoise , Tessier Dominique Le , Letourneur Franck , Lebbar Aziza , Dupont Jean‐Michel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInverted duplications with terminal deletions have been reported for an increasing number of chromosome ends. The best characterized and most frequent rearrangement reported involves the short arm of chromosome 8. It derives from non‐allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between two inverted LCRs (low copy repeats) of the olfactory receptor (OR) gene cluster during maternal meiosis. We report here on the cytogenetic characterization of the first inversion duplication deletion involving the short arm of chromosome 20 (inv dup del 20p) in an 18‐month‐old boy presenting with clinical signs consistent with 20p trisomy syndrome. This abnormality was suspected on karyotyping, but high‐resolution molecular cytogenetic investigations were required to define the breakpoints of the rearrangement and to obtain insight into the mechanism underlying its formation. The duplicated region was estimated to be 18.16 Mb in size, extending from 20p13 to 20p11.22, and the size of the terminal deletion was estimated at 2.02 Mb in the 20p13 region. No single copy region was detected between the deleted and duplicated segments. As neither LCR nor inversion was identified in the 20p13 region, the inv dup del (20p) chromosome abnormality probably did not arise by NAHR. The most likely mechanism involves a break in the 20p13 region, leading to chromosome instability and reparation by U‐type exchange or end‐to‐end fusion. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic assessment of breast cancer risk in primary care practice
Authors: Burke Wylie , Culver Julie , Pinsky Linda , Hall Sarah , Reynolds Susan E. , Yasui Yutaka , Press Nancy 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFamily history is increasingly important in primary care as a means to detect candidates for genetic testing or tailored prevention programs. We evaluated primary care physicians' skills in assessing family history for breast cancer risk, using unannounced standardized patient (SP) visits to 86 general internists and family medicine practitioners in King County, WA. Transcripts of clinical encounters were coded to determine ascertainment of family history, risk assessment, and clinical follow‐up. Physicians in our study collected sufficient family history to assess breast cancer risk in 48% of encounters with an anxious patient at moderate risk, 100% of encounters with a patient who had a strong maternal family history of breast cancer, and 45% of encounters with a patient who had a strong paternal family history of breast and ovarian cancer. Increased risk was usually communicated in terms of recommendations for preventive action. Few physicians referred patients to genetic counseling, few associated ovarian cancer with breast cancer risk, and some incorrectly discounted paternal family history of breast cancer. We conclude that pedigree assessment of breast cancer risk is feasible in primary care, but may occur consistently only when a strong maternal family history is present. Primary care education should focus on the link between inherited breast and ovarian cancer risk and on the significance of paternal family history. Educational efforts may be most successful when they emphasize the value of genetic counseling for individuals at risk for inherited cancer and the connection between genetic risk and specific prevention measures. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy: Phenotypic spectrum among three siblings including one case without obvious arterial calcifications
Authors: Dlamini Nomazulu , Splitt Miranda , Durkan Anne , Siddiqui Ata , Padayachee Soundrie , Hobbins Sue , Rutsch Frank , Wraige Elizabeth 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGeneralized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) (OMIM no. 208000) is characterized by calcification of the major arteries and soft tissues and associated with mutations in the ENPP1 gene. Most affected patients die within the first 6 months of life although prolonged survival is increasingly recognized. We report on three siblings with GACI and striking phenotypic variability. Two siblings (including the sibling survivor) were compound heterozygotes for mutations in exon 7 (c.783C>G (p.Y261X)) and exon 8 (c. 878_879delAA (p.K293fsX5)) of the ENPP1 gene confirming the diagnosis of GACI. The sibling survivor did not have calcification on X‐ray studies or evidence of hypophosphatemic rickets. GACI may be under recognized and we emphasize consideration of this condition in patients with multiple arterial stenosis even in the absence of radiographic calcification. This adds to the expanding phenotype of GACI and supports a potential role for modifying genes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A recurrent EYA1 mutation causing alternative RNA splicing in branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome: Implications for molecular diagnostics and disease mechanism
Authors: Stockley Tracy L. , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Propst Evan J. , Sodhi Sandi , Dupuis Lucie , Papsin Blake C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBranchio‐oto‐renal syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, characterized by branchial arch abnormalities, hearing loss and renal abnormalities, with mutations in EYA1 reported in 30–70% of patients. We have applied a molecular testing strategy of sequencing of the complete coding region/flanking intronic regions and multiple ligation probe amplification analysis of EYA1 to a pediatric branchio‐oto‐renal proband cohort. EYA1 mutations were identified in 82% (14/17) of the probands. We also describe a novel recurrent EYA1 mutation c.867 + 5G > A found in five unrelated affected patients. RNA analysis showed that c.867 + 5G > A affects EYA1 splicing, producing an aberrant mRNA transcript lacking exon 8 and resulting in premature termination in exon 9. The aberrant transcript was present at approximately 50% level of wild‐type EYA1 mRNA in fibroblasts, and is predicted to encode an EYA1 protein retaining the amino terminal transcriptional coactivator region but lacking the conserved carboxy terminal Eya phosphatase domain. Patients with the c.867 + 5G > A mutation were found to have more severe renal abnormalities than probands with other mutations in this cohort. Analysis of the c.867 + 5G > A mutation suggests that certain transcripts of EYA1 escape nonsense‐mediated decay and encode truncated EYA proteins that may be capable of dominant‐negative interactions producing distinct phenotypic features within the branchio‐oto‐renal spectrum. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Locomotor variation and bending regimes of capuchin limb bones
Authors: Demes Brigitte , Carlson Kristian J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrimates are very versatile in their modes of progression, yet laboratory studies typically capture only a small segment of this variation. In vivo bone strain studies in particular have been commonly constrained to linear locomotion on flat substrates, conveying the potentially biased impression of stereotypic long bone loading patterns. We here present substrate reaction forces (SRF) and limb postures for capuchin monkeys moving on a flat substrate (“terrestrial”), on an elevated pole (“arboreal”), and performing turns. The angle between the SRF vector and longitudinal axes of the forearm or leg is taken as a proxy for the bending moment experienced by these limb segments. In both frontal and sagittal planes, SRF vectors and distal limb segments are not aligned, but form discrepant angles; that is, forces act on lever arms and exert bending moments. The positions of the SRF vectors suggest bending around oblique axes of these limb segments. Overall, the leg is exposed to greater moments than the forearm. Simulated arboreal locomotion and turns introduce variation in the discrepancy angles, thus confirming that expanding the range of locomotor behaviors studied will reveal variation in long bone loading patterns that is likely characteristic of natural locomotor repertoires. “Arboreal” locomotion, even on a linear noncompliant branch, is characterized by greater variability of force directions and discrepancy angles than “terrestrial” locomotion (significant for the forearm only), partially confirming the notion that life in trees is associated with greater variation in long bone loading. Directional changes broaden the range of external bending moments even further. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbol der Chemie: Das Periodensystem der chemischen Elemente im jungen Jahrhundert
Authors: Wang Shu‐Guang , Schwarz W. H. Eugen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAuf dem Prüfstand: Das Periodensystem der Elemente (PSE) wird seit kurzem theoretisch besser verstanden. Die großen Energielücken oberhalb der Edelgasschalen 1s2undnp6(n=2–6) drängen dem ganzen PSE eine Periodizität auf, und mit Reihe 7 ist das PSE komplett. Es zeigt sich, dass die Elektronenkonfigurationen freier Atome chemisch irreführend sind und die (n+l)‐Regel ein Beispiel für die „Erfindung von Tatsachen“ auch in den harten Naturwissenschaften ist.magnified image
Exploiting a Bacterial Drug‐Resistance Mechanism: A Light‐Activated Construct for the Destruction of MRSA
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Sallum Ulysses W. , Verma Sarika , Athar Humra , Evans Conor L. , Hasan Tayyaba 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBakterien ein Strich durch die Rechnung: Ein enzymspezifisches Molekülkonstrukt macht sich die Überexpression von β‐Lactamase in wirkstoffresistenten Bakterien zu Nutze. Man beobachtet eine spezifische photodynamische Toxizität gegen β‐Lactam‐resistente methicillinresistente Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), wobei der übliche Mechanismus der Antibiotikaresistenz – die Spaltung des β‐Lactam‐Rings – die phototoxische Komponente freisetzt (siehe Bild; Q: Fluoreszenzlöscher)magnified image
Umwandlung der absoluten Konfiguration einzelner Adsorbatkomplexe
Authors: Parschau Manfred , Passerone Daniele , Rieder Karl‐Heinz , Hug Hans J. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChiralitätsumkehr durch Elektronen: Propenmoleküle bilden chirale Komplexe bei Adsorption auf einer Kupferoberfläche. Inelastisch gestreute Tunnelelektronen aus der Spitze eines Rastertunnelmikroskops regen molekulare Schwingungen an, die zur Rotation oder Diffusion des Adsorbats auf der Oberfläche führen. Bei höheren Tunnelströmen wird auch die Umwandlung in die entgegengesetzte Konfiguration beobachtet.magnified image
Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of the Reduction Behavior of a Single Catalyst Particle
Authors: de Smit Emiel , Swart Ingmar , Creemer J. Fredrik , Karunakaran Chithra , Bertwistle Drew , Zandbergen Henny W. , de Groot Frank M. F. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractKatalysator unter der Lupe: Die Untersuchung der Reduktion an einem Fischer‐Tropsch‐Katalysatorpartikel mithilfe von In‐situ‐Röntgentransmissionsmikroskopie im Rastermodus zeigte bei einer räumlichen Auflösung von 35 nm eine ungleichmäßige Verteilung von Fe0‐, Fe2+‐ und Fe3+‐Spezies. Regionen mit unterschiedlichen Reduktionseigenschaften können abgegrenzt werden; ihr Zustandekommen lässt sich auf der Grundlage lokaler chemischer Wechselwirkungen und der Katalysatormorphologie erklären.magnified image
Color Tunability and Electrochemiluminescence of Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Díez Isabel , Pusa Matti , Kulmala Sakari , Jiang Hua , Walther Andreas , Goldmann Anja S. , Müller Axel H. E. , Ikkala Olli , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBunte Cluster: Die optischen Absorptions‐ und Emissionsbanden von Silbernanoclustern aus nur ein paar Atomen reagieren sehr empfindlich auf die chemische Umgebung, d. h., die Cluster sind ausgesprochen solvatochrom (siehe Bild). Mit ihren photophysikalischen Eigenschaften und ihrer Elektrochemilumineszenz haben die Ag‐Cluster deutliche Vorteile gegenüber größeren Nanopartikeln z. B. in molekularen Sensoranwendungen.magnified image
Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐β‐Methyl‐ and Phenyl‐Substituted Alkenylboronates by Platinum‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Borylation
Authors: Ohmura Toshimichi , Takasaki Yuta , Furukawa Hideki , Suginome Michinori 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChanging places: Intramolecular B(pin)/H exchange took place in the presence of a platinum–phosphane catalyst, giving synthetically useful cis‐β‐methyl‐substituted alkenylboronates stereoselectively (see scheme; B(pin)=4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl).magnified image
The effect of electrode configuration and substrate material on the mass deposition rate of electrospinning
Authors: Stanger Jonathan , Tucker Nick , Wallace Andrew , Larsen Nigel , Staiger Mark , Reeves Roger 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) was electrospun using different methods to charge the polymer solution. A positive high voltage relative to the collecting electrode significantly increased the fiber deposition rate. Electron microscopy showed that approximately half of the increase in fiber mass was due to thicker fibers being deposited. The current flowing from the grounded electrode was measured to determine the charge carried on the PVOH jet. This showed that for a positive voltage charging condition there is a much larger current and hence more charge carriers generated in the PVOH solution. As a result, more mass is ejected from the Taylor cone, implying that a positive voltage also produces longer fiber for a given time period. We also tested whether different substrate materials caused any variation when the charging conditions were changed. Statistically significant variation between substrates was only found when the substrate was an insulator and was expected to support a high‐deposition rate. This confirms the view that the PVOH fiber arrives at the collecting electrode carrying a charge that must be neutralized, otherwise a repulsive charge will form where the fiber is deposited and some fiber will be lost to any alternative earth. In electrospraying, charge carriers are generated using associated redox reactions. Thus, for electrospinning a lack of symmetry in these reactions may result in the generation of different quantities of charge carriers in the PVOH solution and changes in the mass deposition rate of electrospun fiber. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mobile information retrieval with search results clustering: Prototypes and evaluations
Authors: Carpineto Claudio , Mizzaro Stefano , Romano Giovanni , Snidero Matteo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWeb searches from mobile devices such as PDAs and cell phones are becoming increasingly popular. However, the traditional list‐based search interface paradigm does not scale well to mobile devices due to their inherent limitations. In this article, we investigate the application of search results clustering, used with some success for desktop computer searches, to the mobile scenario. Building on CREDO (Conceptual Reorganization of Documents), a Web clustering engine based on concept lattices, we present its mobile versions Credino and SmartCREDO, for PDAs and cell phones, respectively. Next, we evaluate the retrieval performance of the three prototype systems. We measure the effectiveness of their clustered results compared to a ranked list of results on a subtopic retrieval task, by means of the device‐independent notion of subtopic reach time together with a reusable test collection built from Wikipedia ambiguous entries. Then, we make a cross‐comparison of methods (i.e., clustering and ranked list) and devices (i.e., desktop, PDA, and cell phone), using an interactive information‐finding task performed by external participants. The main finding is that clustering engines are a viable complementary approach to plain search engines both for desktop and mobile searches especially, but not only, for multitopic informational queries.
Gebäude aus Lebenszyklusperspektive – Ökobilanzen im Bauwesen
Authors: Wittstock Bastian , Albrecht Stefan , Colodel Cecilia Makishi , Lindner Jan Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDie Frage nach den Umweltwirkungen von Produkten gewinnt aufgrund der zunehmenden Forderung nach der Berücksichtigung des Nachhaltigkeitsgedankens im Bauwesen stetig an Bedeutung. Die Ökobilanz ist eine Methode, um die ökologischen Wirkungen eines technischen Systems – im Bauwesen kann das z. B. ein Bauprodukt, aber auch ein gesamtes Gebäude sein – entlang dessen gesamten Lebenszyklus darzustellen. Ökobilanzen von Bauprodukten sind seit Jahren etabliert, während Ökobilanzen von Gebäuden erst allmählich Verbreitung finden. Insbesondere das Deutsche Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen fördert diese Entwicklung durch die Einbeziehung des gesamten Lebenszyklus in die Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung von Gebäuden. Bauschaffende haben sich allerdings gerade der Herausforderung der ökologischen Optimierung eines Bauwerks bereits bei dessen Planung zu stellen. Mit Hilfe von Kooperationen zwischen Ökobilanz‐Experten und Fachleuten der Planung und des Baubetriebs können geeignete Lösungen für diese Aufgabe entwickelt werden. Dieser Aufsatz stellt eine Übersicht über Grundsätze und Anwendungen von Ökobilanzen im Bauwesen zusammen und zeigt einen Lösungsansatz für die Frage nach der planungsintegrierten ökologischen Optimierung auf (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)