bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Czech Republic (2021–2022)
Authors: Šúri Timotej , Pfeiferová Lucie , Bezdíček Matěj , Svatoň Jan , Hampl Vladimír , Berka Karel , Jiřincová Helena , Lengerová Martina , Kolísko Martin , Nagy Alexander , Tachezy Ruth , Kolář Michal , Pačes Jan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Molecular surveillance was widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic to rapidly detect emerging variants and monitor the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within communities. In 2021, the Czech COVID-19 Genomics Consortium (COG-CZ) was set up to coordinate a new SARS-CoV-2 molecular surveillance network. In the Czech Republic, molecular surveillance employed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and variant discrimination polymerase chain reaction (VD-PCR) on samples collected through passive, active and sentinel surveillance. All WGS data was uploaded to GISAID and the PANGO lineages used by GISAID were compared to the main variants determined by VD-PCR. To assess the effectiveness and reliability of the gathered data in adapting pandemic responses, the capabilities and turnaround times of the molecular surveillance methods are evaluated.VD-PCR enabled accurate detection of changes in major variant dominance within 48 h of sample collection during the Delta/Omicron transition. WGS detected novel mutations and infection clusters, including several genetic lineages and clades of the virus, some of which were unique to the Czech Republic, such as AY.20.1. Molecular surveillance informed the implementation of public health measures and contributed to reduced cases and mortality, however further areas for improvement have been identified for monitoring and managing future pandemics.
Construction and Validation of a Novel Model for Guiding Targeted Combined Immunotherapy in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tu Haibin , Feng Siyi , Chen Lihong , Huang Yujie , Zhang Juzhen , Peng Suyu , Ye Xiaojian , Lin Dingluan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In addressing the challenge of optimizing targeted combined immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study developed and validated a novel prognostic model, the Target Immunotherapy Predict Model (TIPM), utilizing ultrasound and serological markers. Data from patients at Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital and Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital were analyzed, encompassing demographics, serological markers, and ultrasound findings, including tumor and peritumoral tissue stiffness changes pre- and post-treatment. The multivariate analysis revealed the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), ΔT (tumor stiffness change), tumor diameter, and albumin levels as independent predictors of therapy response. The TIPM model, integrating these factors, demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, validated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis across both training and external validation cohorts. This predictive model stands to refine clinical decision-making, potentially improving treatment outcomes for advanced HCC patients by identifying those most likely to benefit from combined immunotherapy approaches
Characteristic Clustering of Thrombolytic Agent Decision-making in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Analysis of Influencing Factors
Authors: Fan Wenfeng , Ma Keke , Yang Caixia , Guo Li-na , Dong Xiaofang , Gao Renke , Liu Yanjin , Guo Yuanli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim
To explore the categories of different decision-making psychological characteristics of thrombolysis proxy decision-makers in acute ischemic stroke and analyze the influencing factors of different categories.
Background
Thrombolysis proxy decision-makers suffered from decision-making dilemmas, which correlated with their multiple psychosocial factors.Identifying the psychological characteristics of different decision-makers may help healthcare professionals develop decision-support programs applicable to different categories of decision-makers. This is essential for improving decision-making efficiency, reducing dilemmas, and decreasing hospital delays.
Methods To
facilitate the selection of acute ischemic stroke patients and their proxy decision makers who attended the emergency department of a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, from April 2023 to December 2023 as the survey subjects, and to collect the survey subjects' general information questionnaire, perceived social support scale, state anxiety scale, and decision-making dilemma scale. The final clustering was completed using K-means cluster analysis, and the influencing factors were analyzed by unordered multiclassified logistic regression.
Results
Acute ischemic stroke thrombolysis proxy decision makers can be divided into "high social support-low anxiety-high trust-decision effective", "high social support-high anxiety-moderate trust-decision conflict", "high social support-high anxiety-low trust-decision delay" three categories, which were influenced by the decision maker's gender, number of decision makers, decision maker's literacy level, whether they lived with the patient, whether they were the patient's main financial source, the patient's age, NIHSS score, and the time of the onset of the disease.
Conclusion
There are differences in the decision-making psychological characteristics of different thrombolysis agent decision-makers, and healthcare professionals should provide personalized decision-making aids for their psychological characteristics to improve the efficiency of thrombolysis decision-making, and strive for valuable time to save patients' neurological function.
Implications for nursing policy and health policy
Cluster analysis can be used to classify thrombolytic agent decision makers into three categories based on psychological characteristics and decision-making challenges. This is the first step in developing targeted decision aids for thrombolytic agent decision makers in the future.
Exploring Temperature Trends and Evapotranspiration Modelling for Effective Water Management: A Comprehensive Analysis Using Mann-Kendall Test and Seasonal ARIMA Model
Authors: Dwivedi D. K. , Pandya P. A. , Joshi V. P. , Dave Jaydeep 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The variations in temperature have a profound impact on the irrigation requirement during various stages of the crops. This study aimed to analyse the temperature trends using the Mann Kendall test and also modelled various meteorological parameters by Seasonal Autoregressive Moving Average (SARIMA) model, influencing evapotranspiration (ET). The model was validated for water requirement of wheat crop in Junagadh region of Gujarat during 2023 and 2024. February, March, and April consistently exhibited a highly significant positive trend with Mann Kendall test statistic of 3.325. 2.852 and 3.131 respectively whereas July, August, and November showed no distinct trend in minimum temperatures. A conspicuously significant trend in maximum temperature was not discerned throughout any of the months. SARIMA models (2,0,0)(2,1,1)12, (1,0,0)(0,1,1)12, (1,0,1)(0,1,1)12, (1,0,0)(0,1,1)12, and (2,0,2)(0,1,1)12 were selected from a range of candidate models based on their AIC values and performance on test data for meteorological parameters including minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and bright sunshine, respectively. The study estimated the climatic parameters using Penmen Monteith method, allowing us to predict reference evapotranspiration for 2023 and 2024. For the year 2024, the highest ET0 of 188.7 mm was estimated in April followed by ET0 of 186.6 mm in May 2024. The reference evapotranspiration predicted by the models were utilized to calculate the water requirement of wheat in the study area, resulting in an estimated value of 371 mm. These findings are useful for agricultural policymakers for making decisions pertaining to agricultural water management for optimal crop growth.
Abiotic nitrous oxide formation driven by sunlight in fresh and marine waters
Authors: Leon-Palmero Elizabeth , Morales-Baquero Rafael , Thamdrup Bo , Löscher Carolin , Reche Isabel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the main stratospheric ozone depleting agent, and the strongest greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Classically, microbially-mediated processes, such as ammonia oxidation and denitrification are assumed to control the N2O budget in aquatic systems. Recent studies suggest that our understanding of N2O production is incomplete. Specifically, abiotic reactions like chemodenitrification may contribute significantly to N2O production, but their importance is uncertain, particularly in surface waters. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a significant and consistent production of N2O induced by sunlight under oxic abiotic conditions in two fresh and two marine waters, a novel process not considered for greenhouse gas budgets. N2O production was strongly correlated to the radiation dose. Nitrite is the main sustrate, and the nitrate can also contribute after being photoreduced to nitrite. We defined this abiotic N2O photoproduction as photochemodenitrification. Photochemodenitrification exceded biological production of N2O by ammonia oxidation in surface waters. We demonstrate that photochemodenitrification may be an essential and overlooked process occurring in fresh and marine surface waters across the globe, with particular importance in areas of high solar radiation and nitrite availability. Because it occurs in surface waters in direct contact with the atmosphere, photochemodenitrification may be responsible for a significant fraction of N2O emissions globally.
Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA-seq analysis reveals a novel T-cell signature for prognosis and treatment response in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cui Peng , Wang Haibo , Bai Zhigang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality, necessitating more effective therapeutic approaches. T cells, prominent in the tumor microenvironment, exert a crucial role in modulating immunotherapeutic responses and clinical outcomes in CRC. This study introduces a pioneering method for characterizing the CRC immune microenvironment using single-cell sequencing data. Unlike previous approaches, which focused on individual T-cell signature genes, we utilized overall infiltration levels of colorectal cancer signature T-cells. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Lasso regression, and StepCox analysis, we developed a prognostic risk model, TRGS, based on six T cell-related genes. Multivariate Cox analysis identified TRGS as an independent prognostic factor for CRC, showcasing its superior predictive efficacy compared to existing immune-related prognostic models. Immunoreactivity analysis revealed higher Immune Prognostic Score (IPS) and lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores in the low-risk group, indicating potential responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Additionally, patients in the low-risk group demonstrated heightened sensitivity to 5-Fu-based chemotherapy regimens. In summary, TRGS emerges as a standalone prognostic biomarker for CRC, offering insights to optimize patient responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, thereby laying the groundwork for personalized tumor management strategies.
Novel anthraquinone amino-derivatives as anticancer targeting human serine/threonine kinase PAK4
Authors: Hasan Hamad M. , Koua Faisal H. M. , Beit Hajer A. , Ebrahim Reem M. A. , Ismail Amar Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Anthraquinone scaffold has attracted increasing attention recently as a source for effective drug synthesis targeting various diseases. Here we demonstrate the potential of nine anthraquinone amino-derivatives (AAD) as anticancer agents. We synthesized nine Schiff bases (1–9) using anthraquinone scaffold and amino acids. We performed molecular docking against the anticancer drug target human serine/threonine p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and compared it with the recently developed PAK4 inhibitor PF-3758309. Compounds 5 and 8 showed comparable docking properties to that of the PF-3758309 at two binding sites located at the c-terminal domain of PAK4. Compound 5, a tryptophan-based anthraquinone derivative, exerts a docking score of -9.3 and − 8.7 kcal/mol at two different identified cavities, cav-1 and cav-4, respectively, exceeding that of the control PF-3758309 for both cavities. Additional optimization on the indole moiety of 5 gave rise to 5b, resulting in high drug likeness (0.74) and comparable binding properties to cav-1 with − 8.6 kcal/mol and the highest achievable binding affinity to cav-4 with an average of -9.7 kcal/mol, indicating a potential allosteric inhibitory effect via cav-4. Our molecular dynamics simulation analysis on the top hits and the control compound provides important insights into the mechanism of action of these drug candidates. Additionally, all compounds exhibited promising pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties as revealed by the ADMET profiles, urging the need for comprehensive in vitro and in vivo antitumor characterization. Our results also indicate that cav-4 may serve as a target for designing specific allosteric inhibitors against PAK4-overexpressed cancer cells, suggesting a potential application in adjuvant cancer treatment.
Management of radioiodine ablation therapy in haemodialysis patients with thyroid cancer: a case series of two patients
Authors: Lin Raymond , Malaroda Alessandra , Ryder William J , Wong Veronica CK , Wong Nikki L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Radioiodine (131I) therapy in treatment of thyroid cancer, has a biological clearance that is significantly reduced in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), leading to increased radiation exposure and potential myelotoxicity. For ESKD patients on haemodialysis (HD), there is no standardized approach to 131I administration and scheduling of HD following.
Methods
Two patients with ESKD on HD were treated with 131I therapy for thyroid cancer. Local 131I treatment protocol was modified to account for ESKD and HD. Modifications were made to existing infrastructure and additional patient and staff safety precautions were undertaken, including serum 131I measurements to monitor for myelotoxicity.
Results
HD at 24-,72- and 144-hours post-131I results in a retained radiation activity profile comparable to patients with normal renal function. Radiation dose to bone marrow throughout treatment was assessed at < 0.3 Gy for both patients. The highest contribution of radiation dose to bone marrow (60% and 47% for patient 1 and patient 2 respectively) was due to the radioactivity retained in blood before the first HD session. Cumulative radiation exposure to dialysis staff during therapy was well within local safety constraints. At 18 months post-therapy, remnant thyroid ablation was successful in both patients.
Conclusions
131I therapy can be safely administered in patients with ESKD on HD with modifications to existing infrastructure and protocols. Serum 131I measurements is a simple and minimally invasive method to assess bone marrow safety during treatment. Ongoing pooling of experiences is needed to inform a standardized protocol for therapy in this population.
TMS-evoked potentials: neurophysiological biomarkers for diagnosis and response to ventriculoperitoneal shunt in normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Davidy Tal , Anis Saar , Suminski Alexandra , Zauberman Yakov , Fay-Karmon Tsvia , Saar Adi , Zifman Noa , Fogel Hilla , Abulher Eden , Lesman-Segev Orit , Hassin-Baer Sharon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Current practice for normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) relies upon clinical presentation, imaging and invasive clinical procedures for indication of treatment with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). Here we assessed the utility of a TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs)-based evaluation, for prediction of response to VPS in NPH, as an alternative for the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CTT). 37 "possible iNPH" patients and 16 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were included. All subjects performed Delphi (TMS-EEG and automated analysis of TEP), in response to primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) stimulations. Sixteen patients underwent VPS and response was evaluated with change in modified Rankin Scale (MRS), clinical global impression of change (CGIC) regarding gait and the change on a repeated 3-meter timed up and Go (TUG) after 3 months. TEP Delphi-NPH index was most successful in discrimination of iNPH responders to VPS (ROC-AUC of 0.91, p = 0.006) compared to CSF Tap-Test (CTT) (AUCCTT=0.65, p = 0.35) and other imaging measures. The TEP M1 P60 and P180 latencies were earlier in responders compared to controls (pM1 P60=0.016, pM1 P180=0.009, respectively). TEPs, may be an alternative for CTT, in prediction of response to VPS in patients suspected as iNPH, exhibiting higher efficacy with reduced patient discomfort and risks.
Assessment the knowledge of community pharmacists in diabetic patients counseling in Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Osman Mhdia , Saleh Hanadi , Ayed Alanoud , Alhejaili Saba , Salih Rabab , Hassoun Shimaa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases that may contribute to severe morbidity, mortality, and disability. Community Pharmacists are essential to optimizing drug use and enhancing patient outcomes—
this study aims to assess community pharmacist knowledge and services currently provided to diabetic patients.
Method
a cross-sectional study was done in the Hail region by a structured questionnaire including a demographic profile of the participant with the variables (gender, age, nationality, education, and experience) as well as supporting characteristics, evaluation of diabetes care services, MCQ of pharmacists’ diabetes-related knowledge and perceived barriers for providing diabetic care services. The data analysis is completed by SPSS and with the endnote program for reference citation.
Results
the majority of pharmacists working in community pharmacies in the Hail region were males (82.9%), young (24-34year) 68.5%, non-Saudi (70.5%), about (64–65%) of pharmacists delivered pharmaceutical care services to diabetic patients; always provide counseling for smoking cessation, drug administration, glucose monitoring, and diabetes complications. The majority of community pharmacists (61%) have moderate diabetes-related knowledge and have various counseling barriers like limited knowledge about diabetes counseling and lack of time.
Conclusion: Hail region community pharmacists have a moderate understanding of diabetes counseling, so they need further training and workshops about diabetes counseling.
Assessment Methods and Practices in Anatomy Departments among Sudanese Medical Schools in 2020
Authors: Emam Mohamed O. , Ali Wisam A. , Babiker Ahmed B. A. , Amin Mohammed Hammad Jaber 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Assessment could be the most challenging part in the teaching process of anatomy for establishing students’ competency. This study aimed to review how anatomy is assessed in medical schools in Sudan to provide a baseline data for future plans.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving medical schools in Sudan. A pre-designed electronic questionnaire (Google Form) was sent to the heads of anatomy departments at the different medical schools in Sudan. The questionnaire included questions about duration of anatomy teaching in the curriculum, the types of assessment for anatomy leaning applied, pattern of examination included in the written examination and type of curriculum. Additionally, a variety of questions assessing how oral and spotter exams take place and information related to students` feedback following examinations.
Results
Total of 50 universities responded to the electronic questionnaire out of 66 universities (with a response rate of 75.7%). The results showed that 80% of the universities used summative and formative approaches to the assess students, about 84% of the universities had continuous assessment, all the participating universities used MCQs as a part of their student assessment and only 5% used True or False questions. A 96% of the participating universities use spotter exams, about 16% of the universities perform oral examination to all students and 22% of the participating universities give students feedback after every exam.
Conclusion
Sudanese medical schools use different assessment methods and practices for Anatomy. The most commonly practiced assessment tools were MCQs and spotter examination while oral examination and long assay type of questions are less used. Medical schools need to work on teachers training on the principles of medical education and review of examination by examination committees.
Ultrasound evaluation of uterine healing after vaginal repair of cesarean section scar defect: An observational study
Authors: Qiao Huayuan , Wang Yizhi , Chen Huihui , Wang Xipeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Many cesarean section scar defects (CSD) patients worry about thin thickness of the residual myometrium (TRM) and want to avoid uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies. In addition, some blood flow indices could be possible predictive markers for impaired wound healing. To date, there is no method to dynamically assess the healing process in the uterine repair of CSD. To evaluate the association between uterine healing and uterine artery blood flow changes after vaginal repair of CSDs with two-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound and Doppler velocimetry.
Methods
A cohort prospective study (level of evidence II-2), run in University-affiliated hospitals: 98 women with CSDs underwent VR, between June 2021 and March 2022. During follow up 9 patients withdrew from the study. After vaginal repair, all patients were followed by traditional two-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound scanning and Doppler velocimetry preoperatively and at 2 days, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. The size and location of the CSDs, TRM and Doppler velocimetry of the uterine arteries were evaluated.
Results
The thickness of the residual myometrium was significantly improved after vaginal repair (P < 0.05). However, it gradually became thinner over time. There was a significant (P < 0.05) progressive reduction in the uterine scar area from 82% on the second day in the first month to 67% in the third month. The pulsation index (PI), resistance index (RI), and systolic peak flow rate/diastolic flow rate (S/D) of the uterine artery showed little change after vaginal repair. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) value of the uterine artery significantly increased from 50.35 preoperatively to 53.92 on the second day after repair (p = 0.006). In total, 89 women had the symptom of postmenstrual spotting before repair, and 71.9% (64/89) of these patients returned to normal menstruation after repair. According to the preoperative duration of menstruation, the patients were divided into two groups (menstruation duration ≤ 7 days group and menstruation duration > 7 days group). The PSV values of the uterine artery in the first postoperative month were 53.32 ± 8.49 and 48.24 ± 7.35, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.028).
Conclusion
The TRMs of CSD patients can be improved by vaginal repair. Traditional two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler velocimetry can dynamically assess the healing process of the uterus after vaginal repair. Moreover, the PSV value in the first month after surgery may be a marker for predicting wound healing.