bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual‐Mode Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficiently Harvesting Droplet Energy
Authors: Liu Di , Yang Peiyuan , Gao Yikui , Liu Nian , Ye Cuiying , Zhou Linglin , Zhang Jiayue , Guo Ziting , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising solution to harvest the low‐frequency, low‐actuation‐force, and high‐entropy droplet energy. Conventional attempts mainly focus on maximizing electrostatic energy harvest on the liquid‐solid surface, but enormous kinetic energy of droplet hitting the substrate is directly dissipated, limiting the output performance. Here, a dual‐mode TENG (DM‐TENG) is proposed to efficiently harvest both electrostatic energy at liquid‐solid surface from a droplet TENG (D‐TENG) and elastic potential energy of the vibrated cantilever from a contact‐separation TENG (CS‐TENG). Triggered by small droplets, the flexible cantilever beam, rather than conventional stiff ones, can easily vibrate multiple times with large amplitude, enabling frequency multiplication of CS‐TENG and producing amplified output charges. Combining with the top electrode design to sufficiently utilize charges at liquid‐solid interface, a record‐high output charge of 158 nC is realized by single droplet. The energy conversion efficiency of DM‐TENG is 2.66‐fold of D‐TENG. An array system with the specially designed power management circuit is also demonstrated for building self‐powered system, offering promising applications for efficiently harvesting raindrop energy.
Advancements in solvent microextraction: Recent developments and diverse applications in the modern era
Authors: Rani Priyanka , Nanda Bibhu Prasad , Narang Raj Kumar , Bhatia Rohit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolvent microextraction (SME) is designed to selectively isolate desired analytes while minimizing the presence of interfering substances in the extracted sample. There are different approaches from which single‐drop microextraction (SDME) can be amalgamated with various analytical methods to enhance its functionalities and improve the analysis of extracted compounds like gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography amplify sensitivity, selectivity, and the capacity to detect trace amounts of analytes in complex matrices. The review focuses on the intricacies of solid‐phase microextraction and elucidates its operational principles. Additionally, it explores various types of SDMEs, detailing their respective benefits, drawbacks, and potential applications in the future. A typical explanation of the construction and working of hollow fiber‐liquid phase microextraction as well as its types has been discussed. The applications of SMEs in the medical and biomedical fields from food analysis to environmental analysis like analysis and purification of water, organic pollutants, drug analysis, and screening of new drugs have been discussed and also illustrated in tabular form. The pros and cons of both analytical techniques are given in a tabular manner as well a broad comparison between different types of advanced SME techniques provides a new direction for environmental monitoring, food safety, and refining of impurities from water samples. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress, recent obstacles, and future possibilities of SMEs in an appropriate manner. Despite numerous promising advancements, the utilization of SMEs remains a challenging field.
Assessment of bond behavior in fly ash cenosphere concrete using plain and deformed rebars
Authors: M Kowsalya , S Sindhu Nachiar , S Anandh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReplacement of industrial byproducts as the main components of concrete has gained the attention toward the environment in reducing the raw material consumption. Fly ash (FA) cenosphere is one such industrial product used in the concrete as a partial or full replacement of fine aggregate, which can be able to use for non‐structural applications. Whereas for structural applications, reinforcement in the concrete and their bond behavior is an essential factor that influences its structural behavior. Hence, this study explores the bond behavior of plain and deformed rebar, 10 and 12 mm, respectively, in concrete containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% FA cenosphere as fine aggregate. A pull‐out test is performed to study the bond behavior experimentally and the results show that the bond strength decreases with increase in the diameter of the rebar irrespective of concrete's compressive strength. The deformed rebar showed a better performance than the plain rebar with an average bond stress of nearly 60%. Finite element analysis has been performed using ANSYS‐ 2022R2 to validate the experimental results with simulated results in which the error percentage is in line with good results.
Military History and Military Theory
Authors: Eriksson Fredrik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between military history and military theory through a chronological analysis. Military history in some form has always been used to formulate military theory i.e. generalizations of historical experience to guide action in the present and in the future. History is however hard to interpret, and has served different purposes over time. In the ancient world history linked to morality, and historiography contained practicle advice for generals. The scientfic revolution saw the birth of scientific laws for warfare, inspired by natural sciences i.e. codifying historical experience. The Napoleonic era saw the birth of modern warfare and the development of modern military theory. Jomini synthezised the Enlightenment with experiences of the Napoleonic wars into scientific principles of war. From a Romantic historical tradition came Clausewitz, a historicist general focused on understanding the nature of war. For Clausewitz history was about understanding, and could not be used for scientific principles. In the same era came Marxism – a materialist, deterministic theory of history, influencing for example Russian and Chinese military thinking as well as theories of guerilla war. Using military history to create military theory still revolves around the dialectic, will history repeat itself or not? If it does, then it can be used for formulating theory. If it doesn´t, history can be used for understanding the past and as a guide. Every new generation of the military have reinvented and reinterpreted history. Most of the doctrines and theories of warfare today rests on a mixture of concepts from both Clausewitz and from Jomini – and in every case military history is the very foundation of both. The dialectic relationship between military history and military theory seems to be as old as the phenonema of war itself.
Introduction
Authors: Nathan Linda F. , Mendonca Jonathan F. , Rojas Ayala Gustavo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe lay out the argument for why we need more democratic schools globally. We introduce the questions for the entire book and the framework we have developed which has four corresponding pillars. These are as follows:

Democratic education emphasizes the open flow of ideas and choices, regardless of their popularity.

Democratic education is a high-quality equitable education and is accessible to and inclusive of all people.

Democratic education contributes to the “common good” through active engagement, consensus, and compromise.

Democratic schools organize students, parents, social institutions, and the larger community collaboratively to achieve its goals and to solve theirs and society’s most urgent challenges.
The Story of Artist Proof Studio and the Building of a Democratic Art School in South Africa
Authors: Berman Kim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtist Proof Studio (APS) as a democratic learning environment enables an Ubuntu space of teaching and learning printmaking through interconnectedness (Ubuntu is an African philosophy meaning I am through you). Printmaking is regarded as a democratic art medium due to its accessibility, collaboration, and affordability in its ability to generate multiples. APS through the promotion of printmaking supports livelihoods for students and graduates and promotes agency and expression for active citizenship.
The EU in a Multidimensional Regime: The Regulation of Climate Neutrality
Authors: Diz Jamile Bergamaschine Mata , de Oliveira Márcio Luís 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work assesses the potential effectiveness and impact of the European Green Deal (EGD) and the consequent European Climate Law in the local, regional, national, intra-community, and international relations of the European Union (EU) in terms of climate change and its effects in the medium term. The article is developed under the dogmatic decision theoretical framework of the EGD. The general objective of the chapter is to discuss the innovations and effectiveness of the premises of the EGD as the EU’s guiding policy in achieving environmentally sustainable development, especially in the field of climate change and its effects. As specific objectives, the chapter aims to analyze (i) the European initiatives on climate change and the paradigm of the highest-level protection and (ii) the European Climate Law and the enforcement of climate change policies.
Fostering the Dynamics of the Bi-regional Summit EU-CELAC for Spurring the Cooperation in Climate Change
Authors: Ghymers Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the climate change challenges common to both the European Union (EU) and the Latin American and Caribbean (CELAC) regions, and advances recommendations and a concrete method applicable to the bi-regional level. Bi-regional cooperation would spur – thanks to the virtue of the «competitive cooperation» dynamics of direct contacts among national experts at both regional and bi-regional levels – the implementation of the principles able to reach a net-zero emission regime. In the current context of weakened multilateralism, the proposed method could be extended to other regions for working out technical consensus independently of geopolitical conflicts.
Trisomy 21-driven metabolite alterations are linked to cellular injuries in Down syndrome
Authors: Liu Juli , Chen Shaoxian , Huang Guiping , Wen Pengju , Zhou Xianwu , Wu Yueheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) arises from a genetic anomaly characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (exCh21). Despite high incidence of congenital diseases among DS patients, direct impacts of exCh21 remain elusive. Here, we established a robust DS model harnessing human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from mosaic DS patient. These hiPSC lines encompassed both those with standard karyotype and those carrying an extra copy of exCh21, allowing to generate isogenic cell lines with a consistent genetic background. We unraveled that exCh21 inflicted disruption upon the cellular transcriptome, ushering in alterations in metabolic processes and triggering DNA damage. The impact of exCh21 was also manifested in profound modifications in chromatin accessibility patterns. Moreover, we identified two signature metabolites, 5-oxo-ETE and Calcitriol, whose biosynthesis is affected by exCh21. Notably, supplementation with 5-oxo-ETE promoted DNA damage, in stark contrast to the protective effect elicited by Calcitriol against such damage. We also found that exCh21 disrupted cardiogenesis, and that this impairment could be mitigated through supplementation with Calcitriol. Specifically, the deleterious effects of 5-oxo-ETE unfolded in the form of DNA damage induction and the repression of cardiogenesis. On the other hand, Calcitriol emerged as a potent activator of its nuclear receptor VDR, fostering amplified binding to chromatin and subsequent facilitation of gene transcription. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of exCh21’s metabolic implications within the context of Down syndrome, offering potential avenues for therapeutic interventions for Down syndrome treatment.
Carbon nanotubes enhancement of tribological and nanomechanical properties of PVDF-BN nanocomposites
Authors: Uyor Uwa O. , Popoola Abimbola P. I. , Popoola Olawale M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere have been continuous efforts to further promote various properties of polymeric materials to meet various industrial demands, especially in the area of thermal, electrical, mechanical and wear properties. This study developed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-boron nitride (BN) nanocomposites and significantly enhanced their wear and nanomechanical properties by incorporating very low content of carbon nanotubes (CNT). The nanocomposites were developed via simple technique of solution mixing and hot compression. Scanning electron microscope showed that the nanocomposites achieved uniform microstructure with no significant agglomeration of the nanoparticles in the PVDF matrix. The wear rate of PVDF-10wt%BN-0.1wt%CNT was reduced from 5.68 × 10–4 and 5 × 10–3 mm3/Nm for pure PVDF to 1.6 × 10–6 and 8 × 10–6 mm3/Nm at applied loads of 10 N and 20 N, respectively. Also, an increase in hardness and elastic modulus of 225% and 219% for PVDF-10wt%BN-0.1wt%CNT was obtained relative to the pure PVDF at 100-mN applied load. While the nanocomposite showed about 75% and 103% increments compared to PVDF-10wt%BN at 100 mN. This study revealed that the addition of small amount of CNT could further improve the wear and mechanical properties of PVDF-BN as well as any other polymer-ceramic binary systems various advanced engineering applications.
Development of the self-management scale for urolithiasis patients with indwelling double-J tube
Authors: Hu Ziqi , Huang Aoli , He Ruiyao , Wei Fangxin , Wang Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a specific self-management scale applicable to patients with indwelling double-J tube in urolithiasis, and to test its reliability and validity.

Methods
The construction and validation of our scale involved three stages. First, an initial version of the questionnaire was formed through literature analysis, group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and the Delphi method. Second, a pre-survey was conducted with 20 urolithiasis patients with indwelling double-J stent placement to test their understanding of the initial questionnaire items and its acceptability. Finally, a formal survey of 234 patients with indwelling double-J tube for urolithiasis was conducted, and the scale was tested for reliability and validity.

Results
After the three stages, a specific self-management scale for urolithiasis patients with indwelling double-J tube was developed, consisting of 30 items across five dimensions with a cumulative contribution rate of 52.541%. The content validity index for item level ranged from 0.8 to 1, and the content validity index for the questionnaire level was 0.93. The correlation between each item and its dimension was > 0.4. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the overall questionnaire was 0.910, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.672 to 0.865. The split-half reliability of the overall questionnaire was 0.864, and the split-half reliabilities for each dimension ranged from 0.659 to 0.827. The test–retest reliability of the overall questionnaire was 0.840, and the test–retest reliabilities for each dimension ranged from 0.674 to 0.818.

Conclusion
The specific self-management scale for urolithiasis patients with indwelling double-J tube has good reliability and validity, and it is a reliable and effective tool for evaluating and assessing the self-management level of patients with indwelling double-J tube in urolithiasis.
Transplant nephrectomy: indication, surgical approach and complications—experiences from a single transplantation center
Authors: Mang Josef , Haag Josephine , Liefeldt Lutz , Budde Klemens , Peters Robert , Hofbauer Sebastian L. , Schulz Matthias , Weinberger Sarah , Dagnæs-Hansen Julia , Maxeiner Andreas , Ralla Bernhard , Friedersdorff Frank 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Management of a failed kidney allograft, and the question whether it should be removed is a challenging task for clinicians. The reported risks for transplant nephrectomy (TN) vary, and there is no clear recommendation on indications or surgical approach that should be used. This study gives an overview of indications, compares surgical techniques, and identifies risk factors for higher morbidity.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was conducted on all transplant nephrectomies performed between 2005 and 2020 at Charité Hospital Berlin, Department of Urology. Patient demographics, laboratory parameters, graft survival data, indication for TN, and surgical complications were extracted from medical reports.

Results
A total of 195 TN were performed, with graft intolerance syndrome being the most common indication in 52 patients (26.7%), acute rejection in 36 (18.5%), acute infection in 30 (15.4%), and other reasons to stop immunosuppression in 26 patients (13.3%). Rare indications were vascular complications in 16 (8.2%) and malignancies in the allograft in six (3.1%) cases. Extracapsular surgical approach was significantly more often used in cases of vascular complications and earlier allograft removal, but there was no difference in complication rates between extra- and intracapsular approach. Acute infection was identified as an independent risk factor for a complication grade IIIb or higher according to Clavien–Dindo classification, with a HR of 12.3 (CI 2.2–67.7; p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Transplant nephrectomy should only be performed when there is a good indication, and non-elective surgery should be avoided, when possible, as it increases morbidity.
Outcomes of one-stage feminizing genitoplasty in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and severe virilization
Authors: Abosena Wael , Almetaher Hisham AlMohamady , El Attar Ashraf Ahmed , Nofal Ahmed Hassan , Elhalaby Essam Abdelaziz 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To present our surgical experience and outcomes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients with severe virilization using a combined technique of total urogenital mobilization (TUM) and a modified pull-through vaginoplasty to perform a safe and effective one-stage feminizing genital reconstruction for these children.

Methods
Fourteen CAH patients with severe virilization, defined by a Prader IV and V rating of the external genitalia, underwent TUM followed by a limited vaginal pull-through procedure from June 2016 to December 2020. Postoperative anatomical and cosmetic outcomes, and urinary continence, were evaluated.

Results
Out of the 14 cases in this study, 8 were classified as prader IV and 6 as Prader V. The median age at surgery was 11 months (range 6–36 months), and the mean urethral length was 1.4 cm (range 1.2–1.8 cm). The median follow-up period was 4 years. Our cosmetic outcomes were good in 11 (78.5%), satisfactory in 2, and poor in one case. All patients achieved age-appropriate toilet training without urinary incontinence.

Conclusion
Adopting our surgical approach of TUM with modified pull-through vaginoplasty has simplified feminizing surgical reconstruction in CAH cases with severe genital atypia and a very high vaginal confluence with short urethral length, yielding adequate introitus with good anatomical and cosmetic appearance and adequate urinary continence outcomes.
Comparing code-free and bespoke deep learning approaches in ophthalmology
Authors: Wong Carolyn Yu Tung , O’Byrne Ciara , Taribagil Priyal , Liu Timing , Antaki Fares , Keane Pearse Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aim
Code-free deep learning (CFDL) allows clinicians without coding expertise to build high-quality artificial intelligence (AI) models without writing code. In this review, we comprehensively review the advantages that CFDL offers over bespoke expert-designed deep learning (DL). As exemplars, we use the following tasks: (1) diabetic retinopathy screening, (2) retinal multi-disease classification, (3) surgical video classification, (4) oculomics and (5) resource management.

Methods
We performed a search for studies reporting CFDL applications in ophthalmology in MEDLINE (through PubMed) from inception to June 25, 2023, using the keywords ‘autoML’ AND ‘ophthalmology’. After identifying 5 CFDL studies looking at our target tasks, we performed a subsequent search to find corresponding bespoke DL studies focused on the same tasks. Only English-written articles with full text available were included. Reviews, editorials, protocols and case reports or case series were excluded. We identified ten relevant studies for this review.

Results
Overall, studies were optimistic towards CFDL’s advantages over bespoke DL in the five ophthalmological tasks. However, much of such discussions were identified to be mono-dimensional and had wide applicability gaps. High-quality assessment of better CFDL applicability over bespoke DL warrants a context-specific, weighted assessment of clinician intent, patient acceptance and cost-effectiveness. We conclude that CFDL and bespoke DL are unique in their own assets and are irreplaceable with each other. Their benefits are differentially valued on a case-to-case basis. Future studies are warranted to perform a multidimensional analysis of both techniques and to improve limitations of suboptimal dataset quality, poor applicability implications and non-regulated study designs.

Conclusion
For clinicians without DL expertise and easy access to AI experts, CFDL allows the prototyping of novel clinical AI systems. CFDL models concert with bespoke models, depending on the task at hand. A multidimensional, weighted evaluation of the factors involved in the implementation of those models for a designated task is warranted.
Hypoxia matters: comparison of external and internal training load markers during an 8-week resistance training program in normoxia, normobaric hypoxia and hypobaric hypoxia
Authors: Rodríguez-Zamora Lara , Benavente Cristina , Petrer Irene , Padial Paulino , Timón Rafa , Arguelles Javier , Feriche Belén 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare external and internal training load markers during resistance training (RT) in normoxia (N), intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (HH), and intermittent normobaric hypoxia (NH).

Methods
Thirty-three volunteers were assigned an 8-week RT program in either N (690 m, n = 10), HH (2320 m, n = 10), or NH (inspired fraction of oxygen = 15.9%; ~ 2320 m, n = 13). The RT program (3x/week) consisted of six exercises, with three sets of six to 12 repetitions at ~ 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM) with the first session of each week used for analysis. 1RM in back squat and bench press was used to evaluate muscle strength before and after the program. External load was assessed by the volume load relative to body mass (RVL, kg·kg−1). Internal load was assessed by the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate (HR).

Results
Smaller relative improvements were found for the back squat in the N group (11.5 ± 8.8%) when compared to the NH group (22.2 ± 8.2%, P = 0.01) and the HH group (22 ± 8.1%, P = 0.02). All groups showed similar RVL, HR responses and RPE across the program (P˃0.05). However, reduced HR recovery values, calculated as the difference between the highest HR value (HRpeak) and the resting heart rate after a two min rest, were seen in the N and NH groups across the program (P$$<$$
<
0.05).

Conclusion
It seems that 8 weeks of intermittent RT in hypoxic environments could maximize time-efficiency when aiming to improve strength levels in back squat without evoking higher levels of physiological stress. Performing RT at hypobaric hypoxia may improve the cardiorespiratory response, which in turn could speed recovery.