bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in a Sixth- Grade Multiracial Cohort
Authors:   The HEALTHY Study Group
Published: February 2009

OBJECTIVE
HEALTHY is a 3-year middle school intervention program designed to reduce risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes risk factors at baseline in a cohort of 6,358 sixth-grade students is reported.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Forty-two schools at seven U.S. sites were randomly assigned to intervention or control. Students participated in baseline data collection during fall of 2006.

RESULTS
Overall, 49.3% of children had BMI ≥85th percentile, 16.0% had fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dl (&lt;1% had fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl), and 6.8% had fasting insulin ≥30 μU/ml. Hispanic youth were more likely to have BMI, glucose, and insulin levels above these thresholds than blacks and whites.

CONCLUSIONS
Sixth-grade students in schools with large minority populations have high levels of risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The HEALTHY intervention was designed to modify these risk factors to reduce diabetes incidence.
Biosynthesis of methanol from methane by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
Authors: Markowska Agata , Michalkiewicz Beata 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMethanol has recently attracted significant interest in the energetic field. Current technology for the conversion of methane to methanol is based on energy intensive endothermic steam reforming followed by catalytic conversion into methanol. The one-step method performed at very low temperatures (35°C) is methane oxidation to methanol via bacteria. The aim of this work was to examine the role of copper in the one-step methane oxidation to methanol by utilizing whole cells of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b bacteria. From the results obtained it was found that copper concentration in the medium influences the rate of bacterial biomass growth or methanol production during the process of methane oxidation to methanol. The presented results indicate that the process of methane oxidation to methanol by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b bacteria is most efficient when the mineral medium contains 1.0 × 10−6 mol dm−3 of copper. Under these conditions, a satisfactory growth of biomass was also achieved.
A Bridge Deflection Monitoring with GPS
Authors: Figurski M. , Gałuszkiewicz M. , Wrona M. 
Published: February 2009

A Bridge Deflection Monitoring with GPSThis paper introduces results of investigation carried on by The Applied Geomatics Section in Military University of Technology. Research includes possibilities of monitoring dynamic behavior of a bridge using high rate GPS data. Whole event was executed with collaboration of The Road and Bridge Management and The Warsaw Geodesy Company. Interdisciplinary approach with this project allows authors to get reliable information about investigating constructions and their respond for true traffic loading detected by GPS receivers. Way of compute data and used software (TRACK) are also shown in this paper.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Arif Khan Mohammad , Mohammed Fazle Rabbi , Nur Zannatun , Shams Md Ziaus , Alam Md Billal , Uddin Md Julhash , Ahasan HAM Nazmul 
Published: February 2009

Background: Dengue has become endemic in Bangladesh since 2000. The cases are being encountered each year particularly in urban areas. Thus, Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna and other cities are commonly affected areas. We sought to get a profile of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in a tertiary care hospital in the Dhaka city.Methods: This direct observational study was undertaken from June to October 2008 among the hospital admitted patients with a diagnosis of DHF.Result: Out of 55 patients with DHF, 87.27% came from urban areas. About 43.64% patients showed various types of active bleeding in association with different clinical features. 100% patients had relative bradycardia. Tourniquet test was positive in 43.63% patients. IgM and/or IgG antibody titer to dengue virus were positive in 85% cases.Conclusion: The clinical picture of Dengue is not as diverse as other regions of the world and the National guideline is till now found to be effective in adequate management, Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1996 Â J Medicine 2009; 10: 12-15 Â
Coronary Intervention in a Patient with Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: Role of Multidisciplinary Approach for High Risk Patients
Authors: Chowdhury Abdulr Wadud , Salam MA , Haque Naimul , Saha Amitav , Chowdhury Ziaur Rahman 
Published: February 2009

Bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy of the genitourinary system. Several types of carcinoma arise on the urothelial surface, the most common type being transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The incidence of TCC in the bladder in the UK is 45 cases per 100,000 population. Painless haematuria is the most common presenting symptom in 85-90% of patients with bladder cancer, although recurrent urinary tract infection & obstructive symptoms may occur. Physical examination is usually unremarkable except in very advanced disease. Investigation of haematuria as well as cytological examination of urine for malignant cell and renal imaging study usually identifies the tumour. Treatment of TCC of bladder primarily involves surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy as needed. Radical cystectomy for TCC in elderly carries adverse prognosis because of associated co-morbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) & ischaemic heart disease (IHD). However, close co-operation between different disciplines can make radical curative surgery a viable alternative even in these high-risk groups. Â doi:10.3329/jom.v10i3.2017 J Medicine 2009; 10 (Supplement 1): 40-42
Gender-based treatment outcomes in diabetic hypertension
Authors: Damanhori AHH , Al Khaja KAJ , Sequeira RP 
Published: February 2009

Background:
In developing countries, gender-based treatment disparities in cardiovascular preventive therapy have received little attention.

Aims:
To evaluate the gender-based differences in cardiovascular disease risk profile, drug prescribing pattern, and blood pressure (BP) and glycemic control rates in diabetic hypertensives treated at primary care setting in Bahrain.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective study at primary care setting.

Materials and Methods:
An audit of the medical records of 392 diabetic hypertensives (127 men, 265 women).

Results:
BP and glycemic targets were achieved in <10% and <13% of diabetic hypertensives, respectively. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors monotherapy was more often prescribed in males. Apart from this, no significant differences in prescribing pattern were observed between male and female diabetic hypertensives treated with either antihypertensive mono or multidrug therapies. With the exception of insulin which was more often prescribed to females, a similar prescribing pattern and rank order of antidiabetics, either as monotherapy or combinations, was observed in both genders. The majority of diabetic hypertensives were at high cardiovascular risk. The body mass index and total cholesterol level were greater in females. Prescribing lipid-lowering drugs and aspirin were suboptimal; aspirin was more often prescribed to males. There was no gender-based difference with regard to the use of lipid-lowering drugs. Conclusions: BP and glycemic controls were suboptimal in both male and female diabetic hypertensives treated by primary care physicians. Cardiovascular disease preventive strategies have received little attention regardless of gender or other risk factors. Gender-based treatment inequities also need to be addressed.
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty
Authors: Bryant RJ , Craig E , Oakley N 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty has become the "gold-standard" procedure for pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction but consists of a steep learning curve especially via the retroperitoneal route.

Aims:
To examine the feasibility and safety of introducing this technique via the retroperitoneal approach to a laparoscopic naοve center.

Settings and Design:
A retrospective data analysis of a single surgeon's (NEO) series from a large UK teaching hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The notes and imaging of all patients who underwent pyeloplasty for PUJ obstruction by NEO during a five-year period were reviewed.

Statistical Analysis:
Parametric and nonparametric data are presented analyzed with Excel XP (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA).

Results:
Our series consists of 67 patients. Three ports were used in 47/57 (82%), and the antegrade technique for stent insertion was utilized in 41/67 (61%). Median time to drink, eat, and mobilize was one day (range one to two), and to discharge three days (range three to four). Two patients required conversion to an open procedure, and two developed intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications at 30 (three major, seven minor) and 90 days (three major, three minor) are presented. With median follow-up of 15 months 61/65 (94%) patients were unobstructed, and 57/63 (90%) of patients were pain-free. Two patients re-obstructed requiring further surgery.

Conclusions:
Analysis of our series of patients illustrates that adopting a policy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary PUJ obstruction is feasible without compromising patient safety or functional results. There is no need to breach the peritoneum to facilitate the learning curve.
Dysarthric Bengali speech
Authors: Chakraborty N , Roy T , Hazra A , Biswas A , Bhattacharya K 
Published: February 2009

Background and Aims:
Dysarthria affects linguistic domains such as respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance and prosody due to upper motor neuron, lower motor neuron, cerebellar or extrapyramidal tract lesions. Although Bengali is one of the major languages globally, dysarthric Bengali speech has not been subjected to neurolinguistic analysis. We attempted such an analysis with the goal of identifying the speech defects in native Bengali speakers in various types of dysarthria encountered in neurological disorders.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 66 dysarthric subjects, predominantly middle-aged males, attending the Neuromedicine OPD of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kolkata.

Materials and Methods:
After neurological examination, an instrument comprising commonly used Bengali words and a text block covering all Bengali vowels and consonants were used to carry out perceptual analysis of dysarthric speech. From recorded speech, 24 parameters pertaining to five linguistic domains were assessed. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for analysis.

Results:
The dysarthria types were spastic (15 subjects), flaccid (10), mixed (12), hypokinetic (12), hyperkinetic (9) and ataxic (8). Of the 24 parameters assessed, 15 were found to occur in one or more types with a prevalence of at least 25%. Imprecise consonant was the most frequently occurring defect in most dysarthrias. The spectrum of defects in each type was identified. Some parameters were capable of distinguishing between types.

Conclusions:
This perceptual analysis has defined linguistic defects likely to be encountered in dysarthric Bengali speech in neurological disorders. The speech distortion can be described and distinguished by a limited number of parameters. This may be of importance to the speech therapist and neurologist in planning rehabilitation and further management.
A General Approach to First Order Phase Transitions and the Anomalous Behavior of Coexisting Phases in the Magnetic Case
Authors: Gama Sergio , de Campos Ariana , Coelho Adelino A. , Alves Cleber S. , Ren Yang , Garcia Flávio , Brown Dennis E. , da Silva Luzeli M. , Carvalho A. Magnus G. , Gandra Flávio C. G. , dos Santos Adenilson O. , Cardoso Lisandro P. , von Ranke Pedro J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFirst order phase transitions for materials with exotic properties are usually believed to happen at fixed values of the intensive parameters (such as pressure, temperature, etc.) characterizing their properties. It is also considered that the extensive properties of the phases (such as entropy, volume, etc.) have discontinuities at the transition point, but that for each phase the intensive parameters remain constant during the transition. These features are a hallmark for systems described by two thermodynamic degrees of freedom. In this work it is shown that first order phase transitions must be understood in the broader framework of thermodynamic systems described by three or more degrees of freedom. This means that the transitions occur along intervals of the intensive parameters, that the properties of the phases coexisting during the transition may show peculiar behaviors characteristic of each system, and that a generalized Clausius–Clapeyron equation must be obeyed. These features for the magnetic case are confirmed, and it is shown that experimental calorimetric data agree well with the magnetic Clausius–Clapeyron equation for MnAs. An estimate for the point in the temperature‐field plane where the first order magnetic transition turns to a second order one is obtained (the critical parameters) for MnAs and Gd5Ge2Si2 compounds. Anomalous behavior of the volumes of the coexisting phases during the magnetic first order transition is measured, and it is shown that the anomalies for the individual phases are hidden in the behavior of the global properties as the volume.
Enantioselective Aza‐Henry Reaction with Acyclic Guanidine‐Thiourea Bifunctional Organocatalyst
Authors: Takada Keisuke , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA highly enantioselective aza‐Henry reaction of imines with nitromethane was achieved with a reactive guanidine‐thiourea bifunctional organocatalyst affording β‐nitroamines with high enantioselectivity (up to 96% ee). The diastereo‐ and enantioselective version of this reaction with nitroalkanes also proceeded selectively (up to 99:1 dr with 99% ee).
Ionothermal Synthesis of Zirconium Phosphates and Their Catalytic Behavior in the Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane
Authors: Liu Lei , Li Yang , Wei Haibo , Dong Mei , Wang Jianguo , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Li Jinping , Dong Jinxiang , Morris Russell E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGutes Benehmen: Drei Zirconiumverbindungen mit ein‐, zwei‐ und dreidimensionalen Strukturen wurden mithilfe der Ionothermalmethode hergestellt. Das 3D‐Zirconiumphosphat (siehe Bild; F grün, H weiß, O rot, P violett, Zr gelb) ist ein sehr guter Oxidationskatalysator mit einer Cyclohexan‐Umwandlung von 32 % und einer Cyclohexanon‐Selektivität bis 83 %.magnified image
Engineering A Uranyl‐Specific Binding Protein from NikR
Authors: Wegner Seraphine V. , Boyaci Hande , Chen Hao , Jensen Mark P. , He Chuan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEin uranylselektives DNA bindendes Protein wurde ausgehend von dem Nickel(II)‐responsiven Protein NikR aus E. coli als Templat entwickelt. Das resultierende NikR′‐Protein bindet Uranyl (siehe Bild) mit einer Dissoziationskonstante Kd=53 nM und lagert in Gegenwart von Uranyl selektiv DNA an.magnified image
Mechanism of Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis from Epoxides and CO2
Authors: North Michael , Pasquale Riccardo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDrei verknüpfte Katalysezyklen spielen bei der durch einen Di(aluminium(salen))‐Komplex und Bu4NBr katalysierten Titelreaktion eine Rolle. Im ersten aktiviert Bu4NBr als Nucleophil das Epoxid. Im zweiten wird CO2 durch das in situ gebildete Bu3N aktiviert. Im dritten bringt der Aluminium(salen)‐Komplex die beiden aktivierten Spezies zusammen, sodass die entscheidenden Bindungen intramolekular gebildet werden können.magnified image
LiCl‐vermittelte Synthese funktionalisierter benzylischer Indium(III)‐halogenide und hoch chemoselektive Palladium‐katalysierte Kreuzkupplung mit einem protischen Cosolvens
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Sun Mai , Knochel Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEmpfindliche Funktionen wie COR, CHO oder CH2OH können in benzylischen Indiumreagentien vorhanden sein, die über direkte Indiuminsertion mithilfe von LiCl hergestellt wurden. Diese Reagentien lassen sich in Gegenwart eines protischen Cosolvens in Pd‐katalysierten Kreuzkupplungen nach Aktivierung mit iPrMgCl⋅LiCl umsetzen (siehe Schema). Die Umsetzung mit Elektrophilen mit NH‐ oder OH‐Gruppen ergibt bemerkenswerte Chemoselektivitäten.magnified image
Isolating and Probing the Hot Spot Formed between Two Silver Nanocubes
Authors: Camargo Pedro H. C. , Rycenga Matthew , Au Leslie , Xia Younan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHotspots können die Empfindlichkeit der oberflächenverstärkten Raman‐Streuung (SERS) stark erhöhen, doch erklärt werden konnte dieses Phänomen bisher nicht. Eine neue Strategie (siehe Bild) setzt auf das Plasmaätzen, um an Hotspots zwischen zwei Silbernanowürfeln adsorbierte SERS‐aktive Moleküle zu isolieren und gezielt zu untersuchen.magnified image
Engineering A Uranyl‐Specific Binding Protein from NikR
Authors: Wegner Seraphine V. , Boyaci Hande , Chen Hao , Jensen Mark P. , He Chuan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new pick‐up line: The first uranyl‐selective DNA‐binding protein is designed using the E. coli nickel(II)‐responsive protein NikR as the template. The resulting NikR′ protein binds uranyl (see picture) with a dissociation constant Kd=53 nM and selectively binds to DNA in the presence of uranyl.magnified image
Incorporation of Tellurocysteine into Glutathione Transferase Generates High Glutathione Peroxidase Efficiency
Authors: Liu Xiaoman , Silks Louis A. , Liu Cuiping , Ollivault‐Shiflett Morgane , Huang Xin , Li Jing , Luo Guimin , Hou Ya‐Ming , Liu Junqiu , Shen Jiacong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA rival to native peroxidase! An existing binding site for glutathione was combined with the catalytic residue tellurocysteine by using an auxotrophic expression system to create an engineered enzyme that functions as a glutathione peroxidase from the scaffold of a glutathione transferase (see picture). The catalytic activity of the telluroenzyme in the reduction of hydroperoxides by glutathione is comparable to that of native glutathione peroxidase.magnified image
Assembly of Nanocrystal Arrays by Block‐Copolymer‐Directed Nucleation
Authors: Morin Stephen A. , La Young‐Hye , Liu Chi‐Chun , Streifer Jeremy A. , Hamers Robert J. , Nealey Paul F. , Jin Song 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGrowing in line: The surface chemistry of self‐assembled nanostructured block copolymers is used to control the sites at which semiconducting metal sulfide nanocrystals nucleate and grow on a surface directly from aqueous solutions. This process is a new and general strategy for the bottom‐up assembly of functional nanocrystalline materials for a variety of applications.magnified image
Tuning the Supramolecular Chirality of Polyaniline by Methyl Substitution
Authors: Yan Yong , Deng Ke , Yu Zai , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA game of Twister: The induced helicity of polyaniline and its supramolecular structures could be tuned by the methyl substitution of one of the monomers. By copolymerization of aniline with m‐toluidine, the helicity of copolymer (PMANI) nanofibers was totally inverted compared to that of polyaniline (PANI), while copolymer nanofibers with o‐toluidine (POANI) had the same helicity as that of polyaniline (see picture).magnified image
Preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) latexes using a dual surfactant system: The effect in the particle size distribution
Authors: Tomás A. , Gil M. H. , Bordado J. C. , Gonçalves P. , Rodrigues P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe control of the average particle size and size distribution in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer is an important parameter to determine, not only the latex characteristics, but also the properties of the final dispersion powder in several industrial applications. It is possible to manipulate the particle size distribution (PSD) by applying a mixture of an anionic surfactant‐fatty alcohol before the start of the free radical polymerization. Contrary to the procedures of the miniemulsion and the derivative diffusional swelling techniques, no kind of high shear is applied to the monomer and/or surfactant mixtures. In fact, the concentration and selection of the anionic surfactant, together with the fatty‐alcohol, can play an interesting role on the final PSD of the polymer's particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Vinyl polymerization of norbornene with bis(imino)pyridyl nickel(II) complexes
Authors: Huang Yuanbiao , Chen Jianxin , Chi Lisheng , Wei Chunxia , Zhang Zhichun , Li Zhongshui , Li Aike , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA series of different steric hindrance nickel(II) complexes 1–6 bearing 2,6‐bis(imino)pyridine ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The molecular structures of the complexes 3–5 were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The coordination geometry around the nickel center of the complexes is either square pyramid for complexes 3 and 4 or trigonal bipyramid for complex 5. All of the nickel complexes exhibit high catalytic activity for norbornene polymerization in the presence of MAO, although low activity for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization. The effects of the Al/Ni ratio, halogen, monomer concentration, temperature, and reaction time on activity of catalyst for norbornene polymerization and polymer microstructure were investigated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
TiO2 Nanotubes in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Critical Factors for the Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Ghicov Andrei , Albu Sergiu P. , Hahn Robert , Kim Doohun , Stergiopoulos Thomas , Kunze Julia , Schiller Carl‐Albrecht , Falaras Polycarpos , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: February 2009

AbstractParticle vs tube: The present paper systematically investigates a range of fundamental geometrical and structural features of TiO2 nanotube layers and their effect on the dye‐sensitized solar cell conversion efficiency, to deduce the most promising strategies for improvement. It is found that the performance of the cells strongly depends on the morphology and crystalline structure of the nanotubes.magnified image
A multivariate IFR notion based on the multivariate dispersive ordering
Authors: Arias‐Nicolás José Pablo , Belzunce Félix , Núñez‐Barrera Olga , Suárez‐Llorens Alfonso 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper we present a definition of multivariate increasing failure rate based on the concept of multivariate dispersion. This new definition is an extension of the univariate characterization of increasing failure rate distributions under dispersive ordering of the residual lives. We study this definition in the Clayton–Oakes model and the family of generalized order statistics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.