bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Bile Acid Levels in Preoperative and Postoperative Patients with Congenital Biliary Atresia
Authors: Nittono Hiroshi , Niijima Shin‐ichi , Obinata Kaoru , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nakatsu Noriko , Kato Hideo , Yabuta Keijiro , Miyano Takeshi , Suruga Keijiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo elucidate the bile acid metabolism in the preoperative and postoperative stages of congenital biliary atresia (CBA), the unconjugated and conjugated bile acid levels in sera were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the mean total serum bile acid (TSBA) level in the preoperative cases of CBA was higher, 122.1±39.0 &#x006e;̈mol/1 (1SD), and was about 12 times higher than the level in the age‐matched normal controls (9.9±6.0). Even in the non‐icteric patients several years after operation, the mean TSBA level was still much higher (15.2±9.6) than that of normal controls (5.7±3.1). The mean ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid (CA/CDCA) in the preoperative and postoperative cases of CBA was less than 1.0. The mean ratio of glycine‐conjugated bile acids to taurine‐conjugated bile acids (G/T) in the preoperative cases of CBA was the lowest (1.9±1.1). In the clinically good cases with sufficient bile flow after operation, G/T ratio was the highest (9.3±6.5). In the normal controls and the patients with preoperative and postoperative CBA, the main bile acids were glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. These conjugated bile acids comprised more than 85% of the total in amount.
Cardiovascular Anomalies Induced by Anti‐Tissue Sera and Immunological Cross‐Reaction
Authors: Miyata Koichiro , Ono Seigo , Ninomiya Makoto , Yamamoto Eiji , Tachikura Junko , Takesue Tetsuo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWistar rats were administered rabbit anti‐tissue serum alone or in combination with sub‐teratogenic doses of anti‐kidney serum (AKS) on day 9 of gestation. The results showed that the incidence of cardiovascular malformations was highest (46.7%) when a small dose (1 ml/kg) of AKS given on day 9 was followed by 9 ml/kg of anti‐heart serum (AHS) on day 10. The most common cardiovascular malformations were ventricular septal defects associated with aortic arch anomalies. The spectrum of malformations did not vary with the injected sera. Immunodiffusion studies indicated that the kidney, umbilical cord and yolk sac tissues have at least one common antigen. Between the AHS and the kidney antigen, a slight precipitin band was also demonstrated. These results suggest that the synergistic effects of antisera depend on the degree of immunological cross‐reaction with the yolk sac, and that the mechanisms of teratogenicity by the combined administration is caused mainly by yolk sac dysfunction.
Central Nervous System Leukemia and Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Ishii Eiichi , Okabe Yasufumi , Sakamoto Kanji , Ueda Kohji , Hasuo Kanehiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe treated a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed central nervous system leukemia and obesity due to Cushing syndrome. The infiltration of leukemic cells was gradually ameliorated with intrathecal nethotrexate therapy. At the same time, clinical symptoms of Cushing syndrome have almost normalized. The relation between central nervous system leukemia and Cushing syndrome is discussed.
Effect of Monocytes on Transformation of B‐Lymphocytes by Epstein‐Barr Virus
Authors: Kaiga Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe transformation of human B‐lymphocytes by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was studied in microwell culture by determining 3H‐thymidine incorporation seven days after infection. B‐lymphocytes were obtained from four human umbilical cord blood samples, four children, and five adults.The level of 3H‐thymidine incorporation was highest in the cord blood group and lowest in the children, although the difference between each group was statistically not significant for a wide range of individual variations.Correlation between the rate of surface immunoglobulin (SIgM) positive cells and percentage of EBV‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) positive cells 24 hrs after infection of 3H‐thymidine incorporation seven days after infection was not significant.Addition of autologous monocytes suppressed the transformation by EB virus in two cases out of four cord blood specimens, and three cases out of five adult specimens, while it enhanced the transformation in one case out of four child specimens. Also, on clonal transformation by EB virus in agar culture, the effect of addition or monocytes was remarkably suppressive in one of two cases.
The Rate of Clonal Transformation of B‐Lymphocytes by Epstein‐Barr Virus in Childhood
Authors: Furukawa Toshiharu , Kaiga Kazuhiro , Takahashi Hiroshi , Sugita Kenichi , Eguchi Mitsuoki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe rate of clonal transformation of the B‐lymphocyte by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in children was studied in semisolid agar culture. A remarkable influence of the cell donor's age on the rate was found: In the order of age, the rate was highest in cord blood, lower in infants, lowest in young children, somewhat higher in school children and high in adults. The rate of EBV‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA)‐positive cells 24 h after infection showed little age‐dependent difference. The only significant difference was found between cord blood and young children. From these results, the age‐dependent difference in the rate of clonal transformation seemed to be mainly in the process after EBNA expression through transformed cell colony formation.In the children with trisomy 21 or ataxia‐telangiectasia, who have a high risk of leukemia or malignant lymphoma, the rate of clonal transformation was not higher than in age‐matched control groups.
“How Small Is Too Small?” in Japan 1983
Authors: Nishida Hiroshi , Sakanoue Masamichi , Ishizuka Yuugo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlong with the advancement of neonatal medicine, “how small is too small?” for the neonate to survive and for the physician to intervene becomes important. On the basis of recent data on very small neonates in Japan, we present our approach to this subject. The overall mortality rate of neonates weighing less than 1,000 gm was 55% and their incidence of major neurological handicaps was 6.6%. There was a clear difference between mortality rates of neonates weighing above and below 700 gm, which were 34% and 80% respectively, but their morbidity rates were more or less the same. The current record of the smallest neonate to survive in Japan is 444 gm. Therefore “how small is too small?” in the 1980's in Japan will be around 700–1,000 gr for generalized socio‐medical agreement for active intervention and around 400–500 gm for individualized decision‐making for possible survival.
Efficacy of HBIG and Hepatitis B Vaccine for the Prevention of HBV Transmission
Authors: Kobayashi Masakazu , Koike Michio , Kashii Kensaku , Sumiyama Keiichiro , Kusumoto Sachiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractsThe efficacy of HBIG and HB vaccine is summarized for the prophylaxis of HBV infection. Cases were divided into a “vertical” group of 130 neonates, consisting of 90 infants who received HBIG twice and then Hb vaccine from the second month after birth and HB vaccine beginning on the 5th day after birth (vertical II), and a “horizontal” group consisting of 108 infant who were given HB vaccine three times.In each case, excellent results were obtained and no adverse reaction was noted; however the number of cases who were not immunized was significantly higher and the member of chronic HBs‐Ag carriers was higher in the vertical II group. the continuity of the immune state was fairly good for at least three years in the vertical I and horizontal groups.We think that in the case of the vertical group, the course of HB vaccine should be started in the second month after birth with the second inoculation of HBIG.
Membranous Glomerulonephritis in WiskottAldrich syndrome
Authors: Ariga Tadashi , Takahashi Yutaka , Watanabe Tohru , Tsuneta Hiromi , Takekoshi Yasuo , Sakiyama Yukio , Matsumoto Shuzo , Ishii Toshiaki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract15‐year‐old boy with Wiskott‐aldrich syndrome (WAS) associated with nephrotic syndrome was reported. Histological findings on a renal biopsy specimen by light, fluorescence and electron mictroscopies disclosed pathologic changes typical of mambranous glomerulonephritis.He had an abnormalityin cellular and humoral immunity, i.e. decreased delayed type hypersensitivity, low level of IgM and high level of IgE, and was suspected to have a persistent Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection. Since membranous glomerulonephritis is one of the immune complex types if nephritis, we attempted to demonstrate EBV in the renal tissue but could not confirm its presence.Nephritis is not common;y associated wioth WAS. However, the prolonged survival through improved medical management may allow the more frequent development of renal diseases. Attention should therefore be paid to the appearance of renal maniofestation in patients with WAS.
A Case of Thanatophoric Dwarfism With Renal Hypoplasia
Authors: Tohya Toshimitsu , Miura Kazunori , Nagata Noriyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn autopsy case of thanatophoric dwarfism with renal hypoplasia is described. Histologically, the characteristic findings were disorganization of endochondral ossification at the epiphyseal plate of each femu, and this findings were useful for different diagnosis. Hypogenesis of the right kidney is rare in this disorder, and is suggestive of the vaiety of this disorder.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Infants and Children in Japan
Authors: Koike Michio , Kobayashi Masakazu , Sumiyama Keiichiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn epidemiological study done with 4,537 of so‐called “hospital normal” children between January 1979 and April 1982 is reviewed [2, 3].The number of HBsAg positive carriers is 35 (0.77%) and anti‐HBs positive rate is 1.7%. The average HBeAg positive rate of 81 HBV carriers is 67%, which represents 100% in 0‐year‐old babies and rapidly decreases to 50% in 10‐year‐old children.Estimation of the route of transmission is done in index cases of HBV carriers after thorough examination of their family members. The ratio of horizontal to vertical transmission is 50:50, suggesting the rapid decrease of the incidence of the horizontal route since 1980. The course of HBV carriers is followed and it is found that carriers derived from vertical transmission give rise to a more troublesome prognosis. Other Japanese literature is also reviewed.
Causes of Failure in Prevention of Vertical Infection by Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Shiraki Kazuo , Tanimoto Kaname , Yamada Kazuhito , Okada Takayoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn order to prevent the hepatitis B virus carrier state, 190 infants born to hepatitis‐Be antigen positive hepatitis‐B surface antigen carrier mothers were treated with hepatitis‐B hyperimmune globulin(HBIG) and hepatitis‐B vaccine after birth; however, 8 infants(4.2%) ultimately became carriers.There were three different causes for the failure, namely 1) prenatal infection, 2) insufficiency of HBIG to neutralize the virus transmitted, and 3) poor responsiveness of the infant to the vaccine. The present study suggests that early vaccination in the neonatal period increases the rate of poor responders as compared to later vaccination.
IgM Antibody to Core Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus in Vertical Transmission
Authors: Yamanaka Tatsuru , Tsuzuki Akiko , Takayanagi Naoki , Chiba Shunzo , Chiba Yasuo , Nakao Tooru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTransmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from a mother to the child is mostly due to infection during delivery. It has been suggested, however, that intrauterine HBV infection can occur in a small number of subjects. In the present study, we examined IgM antibody to core antigen of HBV (IgM‐HBcAB) in cord blood to see whether intrauterine infection could be distinguished from neonatal transmission of HBV. Infants with possible intrauterine infection, however, did not have IgM‐HBcAb in cord blood. It is concluded, therefore, that examination of this antibody is not useful for such purposes. IgM‐HBcAb may not be produced during the period when immune tolerance to HBV is maintained, since it was detected only in association with occurrence of liver cell injury.
Appearance Rat of HBs Antibody and One‐Year Change in Administration of HB Vaccine
Authors: Oda Yoshihiko , Satoh Masahisa , Ishizuka Toshie , Yamazaki Akira , Miyakawa Kimiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn order to prevent vertical infection between mother and infant with HBV, a method of giving passive immunity by anti‐HB human immune globulin just after birth and then active immunity by means of HB vaccine has been initiated. However, the sustained effect of antibody acquired through HB vaccine is not ascertained.In this study, we examined the appearance rate of anti‐HBs titer and its sustained effect by administering HB vaccine three times.Anti‐HBs appeared in all 13 cases by five months after birth, after the injection of HB vaccine three times. The titer was from 64 to 1,024. However, nine months after birth, there was a reduction of 1–2 tubes, and antibody titer was 64 to 512. Twelve months after birth a further reduction of 1–2 tubes was observed. In those cases in which anti‐HBs titer was under 256 at six months, by 12 months it decreased to 16–32. In such cases, a booster injection 12 months after birth was considered necessary.GOT and GPT showed changes within the normal range, and no local reaction at the injection site was found.
Effects of Short‐Term Prednisolone Therapy (So‐Called Steroid Rebound Therapy) in Children With HBeAg‐Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Yasuda Masanori 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have studied the effect of short‐term prednisolone therapy on seroconversion from HBeAg to anti‐HBe, transaminase levels and hepatitis B virus markers in twelve children with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B. They were followed up for more than two years after the discontinuation of prednisolone. On discontinuation, 11 of the children (91.6%) showed disappearance of HBeAg. In eight of them (66.6%), seroconversion from HBeAg to anti‐HBe occurred, concurrently with a gradual fall in serum transaminase level. The seronegative reaction occurred within two to 11 months, and seroconversion occurred within five to 15 months after withdrawal of prednisolone. Transaminase activities fell to normal and have remained normal during two to three years in all 11 patients, with disappearance of HBeAg. Hepatitis B virus‐DNA polymerase activities were markedly elevated during prednisolone treatment, and then gradually declined along with or before seroconversion from HBeAg to anti‐HBe. The patients seroconverted from HBeAg to anti‐HBe showed DNA polymerase negativity throughtout the period of observation. It is thought that rapid withdrawal of prednisolone in children with HBsAg‐ and HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis will result in a reduction or elimination of HB virus. In our follow‐up study, HBsAg disappeared in only one patient. No severe symptoms were encountered during the period of this short‐term steroid therapy.
Treatment of Cystinosis: Decrease in Content of Free Cystine in Leukocytes and Alleviation of Progressive Renal Failure by Treatment with Riboflavin
Authors: Hayasaka Kiyoshi , Narisawa Kuniaki , Saitoh Takashi , Numakura Hirohiko , Fukuda Kaoru , Kato Seiichi , Tayama Toshiyuki , Tada Keiya 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo patients with cystinosis were treated with riboflavin, resulting in a decrease in the content of free cystine and taurine in leukocytes. Riboflavin therapy was not sufficient to improve the renal function; however, the progression of renal failure was alleviated.
Analysis of Thyrotropin‐Thyroxine Secretory Dynamics in Infantile Hyperthyrotropinemia: An Aid for Early Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Sato Tamotu , Ishiguro Kazumasa , Kubo Minoru , Wada Naoki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFor the purpose of differentiating neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia, the interrelation between serum thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) was examined in 10 infants with primary hypothyroidism during 12 months of T4 replacement therapy. A significant inverse correlation was obtained between elevated TSH (Y) (above 12 μU/ml) and T4 (X) levels; Y = 324 ‐ 22 X (r = ‐0.801, p < 0.001). One patient had an abnormally high threshold of TSH‐inhibition by T4. Based on this regression line, a scattergram of TSH‐T4 correlation and changes in the time course was analyzed in 13 infants with neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia, including eight with transient hyperthyrotropinemia (t‐TSH), three with compensated hypothyroidism (c‐Hypo) and two with transient hypothyroidism (t‐Hypo). All plots from t‐TSH were distributed under the regression line and shifted downward with concomitant rise in T4 and free T4 levels. In contrast, plots from c‐Hypo and t‐Hypo showed a vertical upward shift above the line during 3–4 months of observation without treatment. These results indicate that (1) using the TSH‐T4 regression line, differentiation of c‐Hypo from t‐TSH is possible by 3 months of age, (2) the cause of t‐TSH is not an elevated threshold for TSH release, but rather the maturational delay in responsiveness of the thyroid to TSH, and (3) suppression of TSH alone should not be used as the index of adequate T4 dose in infantile hypothyroidism, because of the existence of patients with a high threshold of TSH‐inhibition by T4.
Incidence of Minor Physical Anomalies in Patients With Early Infantile Autism
Authors: Ohdo Shozo , Madokoro Harumichi , Sonoda Tohru , Hayakawa Kunio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe incidence of 28 minor physical anomalies was examined in 118 patients with early infantile autism, 132 patients with 21 trisomy, and 237 normal subjects.Although the incidence of minor physical anomalies in children with early infantile autism was slightly higher than in the group of normal subjects, there was no significant difference between the groups. It was suggested from these findings that there is little possibility of the onset of early infantile autism being due to environmental insults at the embryonic period when minor physical anomalies are formed, and that there is no possibility of minor physical anomalies giving a clue as to the time of onset of early infantile autism. The incidence of minor physical anomalies in patients with 21 trisomy was significantly higher than in the group of normal subjects and of children with early infantile autism (p < 0.00l).Fra (X) was noted in two patients among 40 examined. These patients were not included among the subjects in the present study.
The West Syndrome: Developmental Aspects
Authors: Ohtahara Shunsuke , Ohtsuka Yoko , Yamatogi Yasuko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe electro‐clinical characteristics of childhood epilepsy are known to appear during the development of the brain and to change their features with age. Accordingly, developmental viewpoints are indispensable to researches on childhood epilepsy.Age‐dependent epileptic encephalopathy has the most remarkable developmental characteristics among childhood epilepsies.Early‐infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression‐burst (EIEE), the West syndrome and the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, which constitute age‐dependent epileptic encephalopathy, have many common features. Each of these three syndromes, however, has its own distinctive clinical and electro‐encephalographic specificities, and shows mutual transition with age.Results of developmental studies on the West syndrome are described, confirming it as one type of age‐dependent epileptic encephalopathy.1) On the basis of the long‐term follow‐up study of 14 cases of EIEE, sequential transition from EIEE to the West, and further to the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome was observed, with reference to critical changing period, transitional patterns and prognoses.2) Analytical follow‐up study of 83 cases of the West syndrome, divided into idiopathic and symptomatic groups showed its evolution into the Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome to be important for its prognosis, with reference to the various factors relating to this transition.
The Incidence of Erythrocyte Pi Antigen Retention in Children With Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Takano Kenichiro , Sakai Kaoru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe erythrocyte P, antigen was observed in 91.7, 70.6, 56.7 and 62.5%, respectively, of children with upper urinary tract infection, symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections and cases responsive to initial therapy in which the abnormal urinary findings disappeared with the administration of antibiotics given despite the absence of bacteriuria. These values were significantly high (P<0.001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.001, respectively) compared with healthy controls (29.0%).In cases where initial antibiotic therapy was effective despite no significant bacteriuria, the presence of Gal cd– 4 Gal receptor in large quantity on the surface of the mucosa of the urinary tract was suggested, just as in the typical case of urinary tract infection with bacteria in the urine.No significant difference was observed in the incidence of P1 antigen in the peripheral blood of sick children according to the clinical symptoms and urinary findings in typical cases of urinary tract infection and cases responsive to initial antibiotic therapy.
Clinical Application of Neonatal Instantaneous Heart Rate Monitoring—Heart Rate Response to Apnea —
Authors: Nishida Hiroshi , Sakanoue Masamichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChanging patterns of instantaneous heart rate associated with apnea were analysed in 22 neonates; ten sleepy infants due to analgesic agents used during delivery, five preterm infants with favourable outcome and seven sick neonates with major medical complications. Patterns of heart rate change were classified into five types: type I deceleration, which is a sharp drop of heart rate synchronized with apnea; type II deceleration, which is a gradual decrease of heart rate during apnea; type III decerelation, which is a bradycardic spell without consistent relation with apnea; acceleration, which is a rapid increase of heart rate associated with respiration change; and a non‐reactive type, in which there is no appreciable heart rate change during apnea. Type II deceleration, type III deceleration and the absence of acceleration were strongly related with poor clinical conditions. Type I deceleration was frequently observed in most neonates with apnea and was not necessarily regarded as an ominous finding. The non‐reactive type was seen in both cases, with favourable and unfavourable outcome. Application of the knowledge of fetal heart rate monitoring to neonatal monitoring is possible and is rather promising.
The Effects of Bifidobacterium breve Administration on Campylobacter Enteritis
Authors: Tojo Masahiro , Oikawa Tadao , Morikawa Yoshiyuki , Yamashita Naoya , Iwata Satoshi , Satoh Yoshitake , Hanada Juhei , Tanaka Ryuichiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe studied the effects of Bifidobacterium breve on Campylobacter enteritis. Patients with Campylobacter enteritis were divided into three groups (I. Erythromycin recipients; II. B. breve recipients; III. control) and studied with regard to the duration of diarrhea and carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in the stools. Additional studies were performed to observe the effects of B. breve on fecal flora. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the duration of diarrhea among the three groups. Comparison of the duration of C. jejuni carriage in the stools was as follows: KIKIII (P<0.01). Microbiological study of fecal flora demonstrated that the number of bifidobacterium was decreased in Campylobacter enteritis compared to the control, and an increase in the number of bifidobacterium could be recognized after the administration of B. breve. B. breve was useful in eradicating C. jejuni from the stools and restoring the normal intestinal flora in Campylobacter enteritis, although if was not effective in shortening the duration of diarrhea.