bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The p75 neurotrophin receptor enhances TrkA signalling by binding to Shc and augmenting its phosphorylation
Authors: Epa W. Ruwan , Markovska Katerina , Barrett Graham L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) is an important neuronal survival factor, especially during development. Optimal sensitivity of the survival response to NGF requires the presence of TrkA and the p75 neurotrophin receptor, p75NTR. Signalling pathways used by TrkA are well established, but the mechanisms by which p75NTR enhances NGF signalling remain far from clear. A prevalent view is that p75NTR and TrkA combine to form a high‐affinity receptor, but definitive evidence for this is still lacking. We therefore investigated the possibility that p75NTR and TrkA interact via their signal transduction pathways. Using antisense techniques to down‐regulate p75NTR and TrkA, we found that p75NTR specifically enhanced phosphorylation of the 46‐ and 52‐kDa isoforms of Shc during nerve growth factor‐induced TrkA activation. p75NTR did not enhance tyrosine phosphorylation of other TrkA substrates. Serine phosphorylation of Akt, downstream of Shc activation, was also p75NTR‐dependent. We consistently detected co‐immunoprecipitation of p75NTR and Shc. These data indicate that p75NTR interacts with Shc physically, via a binding interaction, and functionally, by assisting its phosphorylation. Whilst providing evidence that p75NTR augments TrkA signal transduction, these results do not preclude the presence of a p75NTR‐TrkA high‐affinity NGF receptor.
Transcriptional activation of phosphodiesterase 7B1 by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation through the cyclic AMP/cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase/cyclic AMP‐response element binding protein pathway in primary striatal neurons
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Kotera Jun , Omori Kenji 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPhosphodiesterase (PDE) 7B, a cAMP‐specific PDE which is dominantly expressed in striatum, is expected to be involved in dopaminergic signaling in striatal neurons. Here we show, for the first time, the involvement of the dopaminergic signaling pathway in transcriptional activation of rat PDE7B in primary striatal culture. RT‐PCR analysis revealed that dopamine, D1 agonist, forskolin and 8‐Br‐cAMP stimulation potentiated PDE7B transcription in striatal neurons, while D2 agonist failed to activate the PDE7B transcription. Pre‐treatment with D1 antagonist abolished the dopamine‐ or D1 agonist‐induced transcriptional activation of PDE7B. The activation of PDE7B transcription by these stimulators was completely ablated by pre‐treatment of the cells with a cAMP‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor, H‐89. RT‐PCR using splice variant‐specific primers revealed that transcription of PDE7B1, but not of other splice variants, was activated by D1 agonist. We determined the putative transcription start site of PDE7B1, a brain‐specific splice variant of PDE7B, by 5′‐RACE and identified a promoter region of PDE7B1. Sequence analysis of the PDE7B1 promoter revealed the presence of a canonical cAMP‐response element at 166 bp upstream of the putative transcription start site. The cAMP‐responsiveness of the PDE7B1 promoter was demonstrated by functional promoter analysis using the luciferase reporter system. Deletion and mutation of the cAMP‐response element site in the PDE7B1 promoter abolished the forskolin‐induced activation of the PDE7B1 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed the binding of cAMP‐response element binding protein to the PDE7B1 promoter. These data demonstrate the dopamine D1 receptor‐mediated transcriptional activation of PDE7B through the cAMP/cAMP‐dependent protein kinase/cAMP‐response element binding protein pathway in striatal neurons.
Anti‐PrP antibodies block PrPSc replication in prion‐infected cell cultures by accelerating PrPC degradation
Authors: Perrier Véronique , Solassol Jérôme , Crozet Carole , Frobert Yveline , Mourton‐Gilles Chantal , Grassi Jacques , Lehmann Sylvain 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe use of anti‐PrP antibodies represents one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of prion diseases. In the present study, we screened various anti‐PrP antibodies with the aim of identifying those that would block PrPSc replication in prion‐infected cell culture. Two antibodies, SAF34 recognizing the flexible octarepeats region on HuPrP protein, and SAF61 directed against PrP amino acid residues (144–152), not only inhibited PrPSc formation in prion‐infected neuroblastoma cells but also decreased the PrPC levels in non‐infected N2a cells. In addition, treatment with both SAF34 and SAF61 antibodies decreased PrPC and PrPSc levels in the cells synergistically. In the presence of both antibodies, our results showed that the mode of action which leads to the disappearance of PrPSc in cells is directly coupled to PrPC degradation by reducing the half‐life of the PrPC protein.
Electroconvulsive seizure‐induced gene expression profile of the hippocampus dentate gyrus granule cell layer
Authors: Ploski Jonathan E. , Newton Samuel S. , Duman Ronald S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElectroconvulsive shock (ECS) is the most effective treatment for depression, but the mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of this treatment is still unknown. To better understand the molecular changes that may be necessary for the clinical effectiveness of ECS we have combined the technologies of gene expression profiling using cDNA microarrays with T7‐based RNA amplification and laser microdissection to identify regulated genes in the dentate gyrus granule cell layer of the hippocampus. We have identified genes previously reported to be up‐regulated following ECS, including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, neuropeptide Y, and thyrotrophin releasing hormone, as well as several novel genes. Notably, we have identified additional genes that are known to be involved in neuroprotection, such as growth arrest DNA damage inducible beta (Gadd45beta), and the excitatory amino acid transporter‐1 (EAAC1/Slc1A1). In addition, via in situ hybridization we show that EAAC1 is specifically up‐regulated in the dentate gyrus, but not in other hippocampal subfields. This study demonstrates the utility of microarray analysis of microdissected subregions of limbic brain regions and identifies novel ECS‐regulated genes.
Isolation of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers for the bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus
Authors: LOUIE KRISTINA D. , BARDELEBEN CAROLYNE 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have isolated nine polymorphic microsatellite markers for the bay pipefish Syngnathus leptorhynchus from genomic libraries enriched for (AAGG)n repetitive elements. The number of alleles ranged from two to 15 per locus with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.09 to 1.00. These markers will be useful for analyses of questions concerning population genetic structure.
Development of microsatellite markers for the drywood termite Incisitermes minor (Hagen)
Authors: INDRAYANI YULIATI , MATSUMURA KEI , YOSHIMURA TSUYOSHI , IMAMURA YUJI , ITAKURA SHUJI 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in the drywood termite Incisitermes minor (Hagen) by using a genomic DNA extracted from the heads of workers. The microsatellite markers obtained in this study produced between two and seven alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities among the 10 markers ranged from 0.16 to 0.83 and from 0.43 to 0.84, respectively. These markers were shown to be good molecular tools for identification of the genetic structure and parentage assessment in I. minor.
Microsatellite markers for testing host plant‐related population differentiation in the moth genus Yponomeuta
Authors: VOETDIJK BETSIE , BAKKER ALETTA C. , BREEUWER J. A. J. (HANS) 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNine microsatellite primers were developed for Yponomeuta padellus (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and tested for their applicability in analysing genetic population structure. Eight of the nine loci were highly polymorphic with on average 11.4 alleles. Cross‐species amplification of the nine primer pairs was tested in five other moth species. Primer pairs amplified in Y. cagnagellus, Y. malinellus, Y. evonymellus, and Y. rorellus but not in Y. sedellus and Plutella xylostella.
Development of simple sequence repeat markers for the plant pathogenic rust fungus, Puccinia graminis
Authors: SZABO LES J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐four dinucleotide simple sequence repeat markers were developed for the phytopathogenic fungus, Puccinia graminis. The identified loci were polymorphic, with allelic diversity ranging from two to 11 alleles. Observed and expected levels of heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.960 and from 0.113 to 0.846, respectively. Fourteen of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Null alleles were observed for 10 of the 24 loci with a frequency of 4–16%. A preliminary screen of other Puccinia cereal rust fungi (P. coronata, P. striiformis and P. triticina) indicated that these primer pairs are specific to P. graminis.
Gel‐free species identification using melt‐curve analysis
Authors: BERRY OLIVER , SARRE STEPHEN D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDNA‐based identification of organisms is an important tool in biosecurity, ecological monitoring and wildlife forensics. Current methods usually involve post‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) manipulations (e.g. restriction digest, gel electrophoresis), which add to the expense and time required for processing samples, and may introduce error. We developed a method of species identification that uses species‐specific primers and melt‐curve analysis, and avoids post‐PCR manipulation of samples. The method was highly accurate when trialled on DNA from six large carnivore species from Tasmania, Australia. Because of its flexibility and cost‐effectiveness, this method should find wide use in many areas of applied biological science.
Characterization of microsatellite DNA markers for a mahseer species, Tor tambroides (Cyprinidae) and cross‐amplification in four congeners
Authors: NGUYEN THUY , BARANSKI MATTHEW , ROURKE MEAGHAN , McPARTLAN HELEN 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study reports the isolation and characterization of microsatellite DNA markers in a mahseer species, Tor tambroides (Pisces, Cyprinidae). Of a total of 14 loci evaluated, 10 were polymorphic in T. tambroides samples, with an average of 2.86 alleles per locus. Deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed at one locus and there was no indication of linkage disequilibrium among loci. A high level of cross‐amplification among four congeners was achieved, with 12 loci successfully amplifying and 11 loci showing polymorphism in at least one other species. These markers will be a useful resource for population genetic studies and broodstock management of closely related mahseer species.
BIODIVERSITY, BIOPIRACY AND BENEFITS: WHAT ALLEGATIONS OF BIOPIRACY TELL US ABOUT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Authors: HAMILTON CHRIS 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the concept of biopiracy, which initially emerged to challenge various aspects of the regime for intellectual property rights (IPR) in living organisms, as well as related aspects pertaining to the ownership and apportioning of benefits from ‘genetic resources’ derived from the world’s biodiversity.This paper proposes that we take the allegation of biopiracy seriously due to the impact it has as an intervention which indexes a number of different, yet interrelated, problematizations of biodiversity, biotechnology and IPR. Using the neem tree case as an example, it describes activists’ use of the term as one that involves a deliberate simplification of science and IPR. Additionally, it argues that in so doing, biopiracy is positioned as a touchstone that mobilizes actors and problems, and ultimately generates ‘solutions’ to the very challenges it creates.The paper will also encourage a view of biopiracy claims that does not always treat them simply as claims of theft, or as a misallocation of benefits, but rather as claims that are designed to raise broader questions about the IPR system itself. It concludes by advocating that, in order to properly understand how to address biopiracy, we must be prepared to move beyond the current narrow readings to develop a more complete picture of the term’s influence in challenging how, and by whom, the decisions about what is natural and what is invented come to be made.
Political Violence in the Republic of Rome: Nothing New under the Sun
Authors: Lutz Brenda J. , Lutz James M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAt various times the Roman Republic faced outbreaks of domestic political violence, including riots and intimidation, assassinations and conspiracies to overthrow the government. Violence was particularly noticeable in the Early Republic and the Late Republic. These activities were quite similar to the terrorism and violence used by mobs and groups during the French Revolution and the tactics of fascists and leftists in Europe in the 1920s or 1930s. More accurately, the actions of mobs and others during the French Revolution and leftists and fascists in Europe were very similar to the techniques used in the Roman political system in the last five centuries BCE.
Nurturing Leaders for Government and Opposition: Political Schools in Japan
Authors: Lam Peng-Er 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article examines why political schools have emerged in Japan. While the roles of founding fathers, the angst of national decline and the perception of a ‘leadership deficit’ in Japan have paved their emergence, a fundamental reason for their existence is the failure of Japanese political parties to recruit candidates from broader social backgrounds beyond political dynasties, the bureaucracy and narrow interest groups. The article examines four political schools in Japan including the Matsushita Seikei Juku (MSJ, Matsushita Institute of Government and Management). I argue that while the MSJ has successfully produced many students who have won elections, it has not nurtured visionary leaders who can lead Japan out of its economic and political malaise.
Differentiation of Chronic Headache from Non‐Headache Pain Patients Using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)
Authors: Jay Gary W. , Grove Robert N. , Grove Karen S. 
Published: September 2006

SYNOPSISIt has been our experience that treatment outcome is usually better in chronic headache patients as compared to those patients with the chronic intractable benign pain syndrome. Of primary interest to us were possible differences in personality characteristics which may be considered positive discriminators between these pain groups and, potentially, a pre‐treatment screen for positive outcome.The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) was the psychological assessment device used to determine specific psychological and personality characteristics in our subject population. This 175 item self‐administered questionnaire was designed to replace the MMPI. It was normed on psychiatric samples and is compatible with DSM‐III diagnoses. An innovative and desirable feature of the MCMI is the use of “base rates” in scale construction to maximize true positives and reduce false positives.Twenty‐five headache (HA) and twenty‐six non‐headache chronic benign pain patients (CBPS) were evaluated medically and administered the MCMI. Twenty psychology graduate students served as controls.“Base rate” scores above 60 were indicative of a statistically significant presence of psychopathology on each of the 20 MCMI scales. The non‐headache pain group was found to show a number of significantly elevated scales (P<.01): passive‐aggressive personality; anxiety; dysthymia; and alcohol abuse. Both the headache group and the CBPS group showed significant elevation (P<.01) on eleven of the twenty MCMI scales. The student control group had elevations on the histrionic and narcissistic personality scales which did not achieve statistical significance.These results, using the MCMI, reinforce previous observations of greater psychopathology among pain patients, but appear to differentiate between chronic headache and non‐headache pain patients. The significance of this discrimination and possible inferences regarding both treatment outcome and its prediction are discussed.
Amelioration of Ergotamine Withdrawal Symptoms With Naproxen
Authors: Mathew Ninan T. 
Published: September 2006

SYNOPSISThe effect of concomitant use of Naproxen in the amelioration of symptoms of ergotamine withdrawal was studied in a series of 22 patients. Withdrawal symptoms were characterized by increased headache, nausea and vomiting, increased use of analgesics and antiemetics and restlessness. Those patients treated with Naproxen during the withdrawal had significantly less headache, nausea, vomiting and restlessness, and consumed a smaller quantity of analgesic tablets and anti‐emetics. Naproxen is recommended as a useful medication for amelioration of symptoms of ergotamine withdrawal.
Somnambulism, Migraine and Propranolol
Authors: Pradalier A. , Giroud M. , Dry J. 
Published: September 2006

SYNOPSIS150 migraine patients and 150 healthy subjects without headache were questioned about previous or current somnambulism. Previous or current somnambulism was found in 21.9% of the migraine group and in 6.6% of the control group; this difference is significant (p<0.001). Of the 25 migraine patients who had childhood or adult somnambulism, 16 had common migraine and 9 had classical migraine; classical migraine is over‐represented in patients with somnambulism. Three patients treated with propranolol described aggravation of current somnambulism or re‐appearance of previous somnambulism with the beginning of this drug treatment.
Early Morning Headache of Parkinson's Disease: A Hitherto Unrecognized Symptom?
Authors: Indo Toshikatsu , Takahashi Akira 
Published: September 2006

SYNOPSISReported in this paper are three cases of Parkinson's disease in which early morning headache occurred in coincidence with early morning akinesia. The common points found in the three cases were: (1) headache is relieved as Parkinsonian symptoms are improved by L‐dopa; (2) short duration improvement is remarkable; (3) early morning akinesia is marked; and (4) the pain relieving effect of L‐dopa given at midnight is invariably found. It appeared that in further studies on early morning headache in Parkinson's disease the relation of the headache to the pathophysiology of brain neuropeptides including b‐endorphin should be investigated.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, A Case Report
Authors: Donohoe Charles D. , Waldman Steven D. , Resor Louise D. 
Published: September 2006

SYNOPSISIn a patient presenting with headache, who later developed bilateral sixth nerve palsies and papilledema, an initial CT scan (unenhanced and enhanced) was normal, and a later CT scan was suggestive of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. An MRI scan gave much less equivocal evidence of thrombosis of both the sagittal and the right transverse sinus. The diagnosis was confirmed by digital venous angiography.MRI is a noninvasive investigation useful in the diagnosis of dural venous sinus thrombosis.
The production of red blood cell alloantibodies in mice transfused with blood from transgenic Fyb‐expressing mice
Authors: Campbell‐Lee Sally A. , Liu Jinhuan , Velliquette Randall W. , Halverson Gregory R. , Shirey R. Sue , Chaudhuri Asok , Reid Marion E. , Ness Paul M. , Baldwin William M. 
Published: September 2006

BACKGROUND: A murine model would be useful to identify which immune mechanisms could be manipulated to treat or prevent red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization in patients who become sensitized to multiple or widely expressed antigens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Transgenic mice (B6CBAF1/J‐Tg‐Fyb) expressing the human Fyb antigen of the Duffy (Fy) blood group were donors. Recipient B6CBA‐F1 mice received four weekly intravenous (IV) transfusions: either 0.3 mL of washed buffy coat–depleted RBCs or 0.3 mL of RBCs with spleen cells. Titers of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured in recipient serum samples by flow cytometry with RBCs from donor mice as target cells. Recipient serum samples were also tested against human RBCs of various Fy phenotypes. Additionally, RBC survival studies were performed in alloimmunized mice utilizing biotin‐labeled Fyb transgenic mouse RBCs.RESULTS: B6CBA‐F1 mice receiving washed buffy coat–depleted RBCs first made IgM, followed by IgG alloantibodies to transgenic mouse Fyb‐positive RBCs. Recipients of Fyb‐positive RBCs mixed with spleen cells also produced IgM and IgG alloantibodies, but at a slower rate than recipients of washed buffy coat–depleted RBCs. Serum samples showed specificity for Fy3, Fyb, and Fy6. Decreased survival of transfused RBCs was evident at 24 hours after transfusion.CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to elicit the formation of anti‐Fy alloantibodies by IV transfusion in mice that lack Fy antigens. The transfusion of RBCs alone was adequate to stimulate alloantibody production in B6CBA‐F1 recipient mice. The survival of transfused Fyb‐positive RBCs is diminished in sensitized mice. This model will be useful in further studies of RBC alloimmunization.
Safety and donor acceptance of an abbreviated donor history questionnaire
Authors: Kamel Hany T. , Bassett Mary Beth , Custer Brian , Paden Christine J. , Strollo Angela M. , McEvoy Patrick , Busch Michael P. , Tomasulo Peter A. 
Published: September 2006

BACKGROUND: Surveys have shown donor dissatisfaction with the duration of the donation process and repetitive questioning. An abbreviated donor history questionnaire (AQ) may improve satisfaction, but must be safe.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An FDA‐approved 34‐question AQ was implemented in 2003. Travel, medication, and health history questions were decreased by 18. Donors were eligible for AQ if they had successfully completed three donor suitability assessments on the full‐length questionnaire (FQ), including one in the prior 6 months. Data were analyzed from more than 50,000 donations during each of three 20‐day periods over the first year of progressive implementation of the AQ. We evaluated the performance of the AQ by comparing donor deferrals for medical history (MHD), physical examination findings (PED), and reactive screening and/or confirmatory tests (RSCT) for viral markers among AQ‐ineligible and AQ‐eligible donors and separately among AQ‐eligible donors who received AQ or FQ.RESULTS: Approximately one‐third of presenting donors were AQ‐eligible. Use of AQ progressed from 48 percent in October 2003 to 76 percent in November 2004. AQ‐eligible donors had lower rates of MHD, PED, and RSCT than donors ineligible for AQ (p  < 0.05). Among donors eligible for the AQ, those who received the FQ had slightly more MHD and PED than those who received the AQ (p  < 0.05), but there was no difference in RSCT. A postdonation survey indicated significantly increased satisfaction and intent to donate among donors who received the AQ.CONCLUSIONS: In frequent repeat donors, use of an AQ led to increased donor satisfaction and no significant medical concerns about donor or recipient safety.