bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The production of hypoallergenic wheat flour and the analysis of its allergy suppressive effects
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Tanabe Soichi , Watanabe Michiko , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Sonoyama Kei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe propose a novel method to produce hypoallergenic wheat flour suitable for patients allergic to wheat by using enzymatic fragmentation with cellulase and actinase. The hypoallergenic flour displayed potent inhibitory activity against allergen absorption and actively suppressed allergic reactions, probably inducing oral tolerance. The results suggest that hypoallergenic wheat flour has allergy‐suppressive effects without inducing side effects.
Characteristics and physiological functions of polyphenols from apples
Authors: Akazome Yoko 
Published: December 2008

AbstractApples contain many kinds of polyphenols, and the main components are oligomeric procyanidins. Applephenon® is apple polyphenol extract produced commercially from unripe apples, and has been used as food additive in order to prevent oxidation of components in foods and its application in functional foods is expected. In a lipid metabolism regulation study, administration of Applephenon® has the potential to exert strong anti‐oxidative activity and to inhibit consumption of vitamin E and anti‐oxidative enzymes. Double blind clinical trials of Applephenon® on pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis, and tests using type I allergic model mice suggested that Applephenon® might regulate allergic reactions. We found the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Applephenon® is greater than 2000 mg/kg in a 90day consecutive oral administration toxicity test in rats, and Applephenon® is safe and acceptable based on mutagenicity tests.
Biological activity in traditional Alaska pollack sikhae during low temperature fermentation
Authors: Cha Yong‐Jun , Jeong Eun‐Jeong , Kim Hun , Cho Woo‐Jin , Nam Gi‐Jin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBiological activity was examined on Alaska pollack sikhae produced with 4 treatments (by irradiating at 5 or 10 kGy, or by adding either 0.1 or 0.3% of chitooligosaccharide), compared with control (2‐step fermentation only) during fermentation at ‐2°C. The extracts (500 ppm level) of sikhae had antimicrobial activities against 4 different strains of food poisoning bacteria such as Staphy. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes. Antioxidative activity (EDA50, 11.55 mg/mL) in control group increased with time up to 60 days of fermentation but decreased thereafter, while those levels in other products were kept within 10.60–18.30 mg/mL ranges during fermentation. Inhibitory activity of angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) (IC50, 1.51–2.89 mg/mL) in all products was observed during fermentation except at 0 day. Inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) (IC50, 0.65–0.87 mg/mL) in all products also increased with time up to 30 days of fermentation. Without irradiating or adding of chitooligosaccharide, Alaska pollack sikhae showing biological activities was enough by 2‐step fermentation and storage at ‐2°C only.
Simple and rapid determination of 1‐deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaves
Authors: Kimura Toshiyuki , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Saito Yuko , Yamagishi Kenji , Suzuki Masahiro , Yamaki Kohji , Shinmoto Hiroshi , Miyazawa Teruo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA simple and rapid method for determining 1‐deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent glucosidase inihibitor present in mulberry leaves (Morus alba and Morus bombysis), by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) has been developed. DNJ was separated from extract of mulberry leaves on TSK gel Amide‐80 column, which is a representative column for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. During post column detection, DNJ was detected by ELSD and concurrently identified by mass spectrometry. The detection limit was 100 ng. This method is sufficiently sensitive for determining DNJ in mulberry leaves and other related products.
Benzyl isothiocyanate modifies expression of the G2/M arrest‐related genes
Authors: Miyoshi Noriyuki , Uchida Koji , Osawa Toshihiko , Nakamura Yoshimasa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNaturally occurring isothiocyanates are effective chemoprotective agents against chemical carcinogenesis in experimental animals. In the present study, we clarified the molecular mechanism underlying the relationship between benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC)‐induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The exposure of HL‐60 cells to BITC resulted in the inhibition of the G2/M progression that coincided with the apoptosis induction. We demonstrated that BITC significantly up‐regulated expression of the G2/M cell cycle arrest‐regulating genes including p21, GADD45, and 14–3–3σ. Thus, these gathered data further supported that BITC has a potential to induce apoptosis selectively in the proliferating pre‐cancerous cells through a cell cycle arrest‐dependent mechanism.
Food‐derived peptides and intestinal functions
Authors: Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMany researchers have reported that food proteins and their peptides expressed a variety of functions in the body, including a reduction of blood pressure, modulation of immune cell functions, and regulation of nerve functions. However, food‐derived proteins and peptides also play important roles in the intestinal tract before being absorbed. For example, some of the proteins and peptides can regulate the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestinal tract, thereby modulating the nutrient absorption in the intestines. These proteins and peptides have been used for functional foods with blood glucose‐ and blood cholesterol‐lowering effects. Enhancement of the intestinal calcium absorption by casein‐derived peptides is another example, such peptides being used as functional food ingredients. We have recently observed that certain milk peptides might stimulate the calcium transporter in intestinal epithelial cells. Carnosine, a dipeptide contained in skeletal muscles, was observed to suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines by intestinal epithelial cells that had been exposed to oxidative stress. Understanding the behavior of dietary proteins and peptides in the intestines is important for designing functional foods with physiological functions.
Liposomal lactoferrin induced significant increase of the interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) producibility in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ishikado Atsushi , Imanaka Hiromichi , Kotani Mayumi , Fujita Akihito , Mitsuishi Yoko , Kanemitsu Tomoyuki , Tamura Yoshiko , Makino Taketoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInterferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) producibility has been widely accepted as one of the important markers to evaluate the immune status [1,2]. In this study, preliminary clinical tests were carried out to confirm the immunomodulatory activity of liposomal lactoferrin including IFN‐α producibility and NK activity. In a primary open trial, the liposomal lactoferrin was administered to five healthy males for one week and various immunological indices were evaluated. Furthermore, ten healthy males were administered 319 mg per day of liposomal or non‐liposomal lactoferrin for four weeks, and immune status was monitored at 0, 1 and 4 weeks after the intake as well as three weeks after stopping it. In this double‐blinded comparative study, the IFN‐α producibility was significantly increased only in the liposomal lactoferrin group during administration and decreased 3 weeks after stopping it, while the IFN‐α producibility was unchanged in the non‐liposomal lactoferrin group. Although the biological mechanism of IFN‐α producibility enforced by liposomal lactoferrin has not been wholly understood, it is suggested to be a novel active constituent having preventive and therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases, cancer and infectious diseases such as chronic hepatitis C.
Food factors and gastrointestinal function: A critical interface
Authors: Schneeman Barbara 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an interface between the external environment and the body and functions to extract nutrients from foods as well as handle the various non‐nutrient compounds found in foods. Thus factors in foods that affect health and disease may mediate their effects either through a direct effect on the GIT or indirectly by the pattern of absorption and subsequent metabolism through the GIT. To explore this relationship one must consider both the physiological responses of the GIT induced by factors in foods as well as the implications of GIT adaptation for metabolism. Metabolic adaptations to dietary factors such as cholesterol levels, glucose and insulin response, and immune function appear to be modulated by the manner in which food factors are metabolized in the GIT. New research is needed to understand the inter‐relationship between food factors that stimulate GIT response and the subsequent influence on metabolism that influences risk factors for disease and health promotion.
Chaga mushroom extract inhibits oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes as assessed by comet assay
Authors: Park Yoo Kyoung , Lee Hyang Burm , Jeon Eun‐Jae , Jung Hack Sung , Kang Myung‐Hee 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) is claimed to have beneficial properties for human health, such as anti‐bacterial, anti‐allergic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The antioxidant effects of the mushroom may be partly explained by protection of cell components against free radicals. We evaluated the effect of aqueous Chaga mushroom extracts for their potential for protecting against oxidative damage to DNA in human lymphocytes. Cells were pretreated with various concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 500 μ/mL) of the extract for 1 h at 37°C. Cells were then treated with 100 μM of H2O2 for 5∼min as an oxidative stress. Evaluation of oxidative damage was performed using single‐cell gel electrophoresis for DNA fragmentation (Comet assay). Using image analysis, the degree of DNA damage was evaluated as the DNA tail moment. Cells pretreated with Chaga extract showed over 40% reduction in DNA fragmentation compared with the positive control (100 μmol H2O2 treatment). Thus, Chaga mushroom treatment affords cellular protection against endogenous DNA damage produced by H2O2.
Citrus nobiletin inhibits azoxymethane‐induced large bowel carcinogenesis in rats
Authors: Suzuki Rikako , Kohno Hiroyuki , Murakami Akira , Koshimizu Koichi , Ohigashi Hajime , Yano Masamichi , Tokuda Harukuni , Nishino Hoyoku , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe inhibitory effects of dietary feeding of citrus nobiletin on azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced rat colon carcinogenesis using a long‐term bioassay were investigated. Five‐week old male F344 rats were initiated with two weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (20 mg/kg bw) to induce colonic tumors. They were also given the diets containing 0.01% or 0.05% nobiletin for 34 weeks, starting one week after the last dosing of AOM. At the end of the study, the incidence of colonic adenocarcinoma were 67% in the AOM alone group, 55% in the AOM→0.01% nobiletin group, 35% (p < 0.05) in the AOM→0.05% nobiletin group. Also, nobiletin feeding reduced the cell‐proliferation activity, increased the apoptotic index, and decreased the prostaglandin E2 content in colonic adenocarcinoma and/or colonic mucosa. These findings might suggest that citrus nobiletin has chemopreventive ability against AOM‐induced rat colon carcinogenesis.
Effects of major dietary antioxidants on inflammatory markers of RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Jung Won‐Jin , Sung Mi‐Kyung 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOxidative stresses are involoved in the process of chronic inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti‐inflammatory activity of major dietary antioxidants. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages (4 × 106cells) were incubated in DMEM containing 10% FBS supplemented with 5 to 20 μM of α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene or quercetin for 24 hrs, and then treated with LPS for 16hrs. The medium was collected to measure TNF‐α, IL‐6, PGE2and nitrite. Expressions of cyclooxygenase‐2(COX‐2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were determined using the harvested cells. Results indicate that TNF‐α and IL‐6 accumulations were significantly reduced by 5 to 20 μM quercetin treatment, and 20 μM of α‐tocopherol treatment. Nitrite release was significantly reduced by 5 μM quercetin treatment. However, PGE2accumulation was not affected by any of the antioxidants used. Expressions of COX‐2 and iNOS were effectively reduced by 5 μM quercetin treatment. These findings indicate that dietary antioxidants possess significant anti‐inflammatory activities, and quercetin is the most potent antioxidant.
Regulation of the human taurine transporter by TNF‐α and an anti‐inflammatory function of taurine in human intestinal Caco‐2− cells
Authors: Mochizuki Tetsunosuke , Satsu Hideo , Nakano Tomoko , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated whether or not the inflammatory cytokines affect the activity of taurine transporter (TAUT) in human intestinal Caco‐2− cells. Among the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF‐α) markedly augmented the TAUT activity. A kinetic analysis of the TAUT activity in TNF‐α‐treated Caco‐2 cells suggests that this up‐regulation was associated with both an increase in the amount of TAUT and an increase in its affinity. Considering these results, it seems that intracellular taurine plays a role in the intestinal epithelial cells under such an inflammatory condition as that caused by an excessive amount of TNF‐α secreted by macrophages. To verify this hypothesis, we examined the effect of taurine on inflamed intestinal cells by using a co‐culture system of Caco‐2 cells with human macrophage‐like THP‐1 cells. The result shows that taurine significantly repressed the damage to Caco‐2 cells caused by TNF‐α secreted by THP‐1 cells. Thus, taurine may be a useful substance against intestinal inflammation.
Inhibition of phorbol ester‐induced COX‐2 expression by some edible African plants
Authors: Na Hye‐Kyung , Mossanda Kensese S. , Lee Ji‐Yoon , Surh Young‐Joon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCancer bush (CB, Sutherlandia frutescens), Devil's claw (DEV, Harpagophytum procumbens), Rooibos tea (RT, Aspalathus linearis), and Bambara groundnut (BB, Vignea subterranean) have been used to treat some malignancies and inflammatory disorders in Africa. However, biochemical basis for chemopreventive effects of these medicinal plants remains unclear. An abnormally elevated expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been implicated in pathogenesis and progression of carcinogenesis. In the present study, we found that the methanol extracts of CB, DEV, RT, and BB inhibited, to a different extent, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced COX‐2 expression in human breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells and in mouse skin in vivo. To determine the molecular mechanism of COX‐2 inhibition by the above medicinal plants, we examined their effects on activation of NF‐κB which is one of the major transcription factors responsible for regulating COX‐2 expression. Methanol extracts of both CB and BB inhibited the DNA binding of NF‐κB activated by TPA in MCF10A cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Based on above findings, CB and BB are likely to inhibit TPA‐induced COX‐2 expression through suppression of DNA binding of NF‐κB, which may contribute to the chemopreventive or chemoprotective activity of these African plants.
Oral administration of food antigen induces T cell mediated intestinal inflammation: A model using TCR‐transgenic mice
Authors: Kikuchi Akira , Nakajima‐Adachi Haruyo , Ebihara Ayumi , Takahashi Yoshimasa , Hosono Akira , Itoh Kikuji , Hachimura Satoshi , Kaminogawa Shuichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo investigate the mechanisms inducing food‐sensitive intestinal inflammation, we focused on the OVA23–3 mouse, a transgenic mouse strain expressing a T cell receptor that recognizes ovalbumin (OVA). Mice administered an egg‐white (EW) diet containing OVA showed a trend of loose feces and significant weight loss. Histology of the jejunum showed severe inflammation with villous atrophy. Thus, we studied the role of T cells and intestinal microflora in the development of the inflammation. Severe villous disruption was observed in sections of the jejunum from OVA23–3 mice and RAG‐2 gene‐deficient OVA23–3 mice fed with EW‐diet. Further, a larger number of T cells was found in the lamina propria of the jejunum of EW‐diet fed OVA23–3 mice, RAG‐2 gene‐deficient mice and germfree OVA23–3 mice compared with those of control‐diet fed mice. However, severe inflammation was not detected in the jejunum of germfree OVA23–3 mice. CD4+ T cells from the MLN of EW‐diet fed OVA23–3 mice showed a Th2 cytokine secretion profile. These observations have thus clarified that antigen‐specific Th2 cells play important roles in the development of intestinal inflammation. Although the presence of indigenous bacteria was not essential for the inflammation, T cells could mediate a more severe inflammatory response in their presence.
The ability of konjac‐glucomannan to suppress spontaneously occurring dermatitis in NC/Nga mice depends upon the particle size
Authors: Onishi Nobukazu , Kawamoto Seiji , Nishimura Masaru , Nakano Toshiaki , Aki Tsunehiro , Shigeta Seiko , Shimizu Hisao , Hashimoto Kunihiko , Ono Kazuhisa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKonjac glucomannan (GM) is a well‐known dietary fiber with various beneficial functions, which the higher viscous GM is proposed to have the stronger potencies. Application of highly viscous GM to various food industries is limited for the sake of long elapsed time required to solubilize the GM. Thus, the exploration into any physiological function of low‐viscous GM remained undone for a long time. Male 4‐week‐old NC/Nga mice, a model of atopic dermatitis (AD), were fed for 8 weeks on diets containing 5% each of a high‐viscous GM powder, ordinary konjac or highly purified GM, and a low‐viscous GM powder, pulverized GM or re‐granulated fine GM. Striking suppression to the aggravation of dermatitis and the increases in scratching behaviors and IgE levels was significantly observed only in mice fed on the pulverized GM diet, but not in mice fed on the other GM diets or a control diet. We concluded that the low‐viscous GM possesses a novel immunoregulatory function and the intensity of the function depends upon the particle size rather than the viscosity.
Hepatoprotective effect of sesquiterpenes in turmeric
Authors: Miyakoshi Masazumi , Yamaguchi Yasunaga , Takagaki Ryoji , Mizutani Kenji , Kambara Toshimitsu , Ikeda Takao , Zaman M. S. , Kakihara Hiroki , Takenaka Asako , Igarashi Kiharu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHepatoprotective effect of turmeric together with its sesquiterpenes and curcuminoids fractions were examined on D‐galactosamine induced liver injury in rats. All the diets individually contained the turmeric extract, the curcuminoids fraction, and the sesquiterpenes fraction suppressed the increase of LDH, ALT, and AST levels caused by D‐GalN treatment. Since few anti‐oxidative activities are expected in the sesquiterpenes fraction, it is presumed that hepatoprotective mechanism of sesquiterpenes in turmeric is different from that of curuminoids.
Suppressive activity of a fermented grain food product on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced experimental colitis in mice
Authors: Kwon Ki Han , Murakami Akira , Tanaka Takuji , Ohigashi Hajime 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOxidative stress has been shown to play pivotal roles in the onset of inflammatory bowel disease. We evaluated the effects of a dietary anti‐oxidant, Antioxidant Biofactor (AOB®), a processed grain food, on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Female ICR mice were fed a diet containing 0.1% or 1% AOB for 2 weeks, during which they were given 5% DSS in drinking water for the latter 1 week to induce colitis. A diet containing 1% AOB, but not that with 0.1% AOB, attenuated DSS‐induced body weight loss and colon shortening (each, P < 0.05), and dramatically improved colitis histologic scores. In addition, DSS‐induced increases in colonic mucosal IL‐1β, but not TNF‐α, protein levels were significantly abrogated in 1% AOB‐fed mice (P < 0.05). Further, 1% dietary AOB abolished the expression of IL‐1β mRNA levels in colonic mucosa (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that AOB is effective for the prevention of DSS‐induced colitis in mice.
Antioxidative roles of sesamin, a functional lignan in sesame seed, and it's effect on lipid‐ and alcohol‐metabolism in the liver: A DNA microarray study
Authors: Kiso Yoshinobu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSesamin was orally administered to rats, and blood, bile and urine were collected periodically. Over 40% of the dose of sesamin was detected in bile as glucuronides of 2‐(3, 4‐methylenedioxyphenyl)‐6‐(3, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐cis‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.0] octane and 2‐(3, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐6‐(3, 4‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐cis‐dioxabicyclo[3.3.0] octane by 24∼hr after administration. Antioxidant activities of these metabolites were compared and catechol metabolites showed strong radical scavenging activities against not only superoxide anion radical but also hydroxyl radical. It was suggested that sesamin was absorbed by the route of portal vein and metabolized to mono‐ or di‐catechol metabolite by drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver cells. Both metabolites exhibited antioxidant activity in the liver and were finally conjugated with glucuronic acid and to excrete in bile. Sesamin can be classified as a pro‐antioxidant.The profiles of gene expression of the liver in rats given sesamin or vehicle were compared. The gene expression levels of the late stage enzymes of β‐oxidation including trifunctional enzyme, acyl‐CoA oxidase, bifunctional enzyme and 3‐ketoacyl‐CoA thiolase were significantly increased by sesamin. On the other hand, the transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes for fatty acid synthesis was decreased. Moreover, in sesamin rats, the gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase was increased about 3‐fold, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase, liver catalase and CYP2E1 were not changed. These results suggested that sesamin ingestion regulated the transcription levels of hepatic metabolizing enzymes for lipids and alcohol.
Characterization of VDAC1 as a plasma membrane NADH‐oxidoreductase
Authors: Baker Mark A. , Ly Jennifer D. , Lawen Alfons 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated that voltage dependent anion selective channel 1 (porin, isoform 1) can function as a transplasma membrane NADH:ferricyanide‐reductase. However, both the specific redox characteristics and the mechanism of electron transport in this enzyme presently remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that the redox capability of porin 1 is specific for ferricyanide as this same enzyme cannot reduce DCIP or cytochrome c in vitro. Furthermore, NADH‐dependent ferricyanide reduction associated with VDAC1 is not sensitive to the anion channel inhibitors DIDS and dextran sulfate. However, this activity can be inhibited by thiol chelators, suggesting that at least one of the two cysteine groups present in VDAC1 are critical for electron transfer. We propose a model on how electron transport may occur in VDAC1.