bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed laser deposition of quaternary Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films
Authors: Adhi Wibowo Rachmat , Soo Lee Eun , Munir Badrul , Ho Kim Kyoo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report the successful growth of quaternary Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) using Nd:YAG laser. It was found that CZTSe films atomic ratios were close to target atomic ratios with a slight metal excess and selenium deficiency. Quaternary CZTSe films grew and crystallized as a stannite‐type structure even at room temperature. All CZTSe films showed a p‐type electrical conductivity with a high absorption coefficient of 104–105 cm–1, a bandgap of 1.5 eV and a carrier concentration of the order of 1017–1018 cm–3. These results show that pulsed laser deposition could be employed as a particularly effective deposition method for the preparation of quaternary compounds thin films. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Power and sample size when multiple endpoints are considered
Authors: Senn Stephen , Bretz Frank 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA common approach to analysing clinical trials with multiple outcomes is to control the probability for the trial as a whole of making at least one incorrect positive finding under any configuration of true and false null hypotheses. Popular approaches are to use Bonferroni corrections or structured approaches such as, for example, closed‐test procedures. As is well known, such strategies, which control the family‐wise error rate, typically reduce the type I error for some or all the tests of the various null hypotheses to below the nominal level. In consequence, there is generally a loss of power for individual tests. What is less well appreciated, perhaps, is that depending on approach and circumstances, the test‐wise loss of power does not necessarily lead to a family wise loss of power. In fact, it may be possible to increase the overall power of a trial by carrying out tests on multiple outcomes without increasing the probability of making at least one type I error when all null hypotheses are true.We examine two types of problems to illustrate this. Unstructured testing problems arise typically (but not exclusively) when many outcomes are being measured. We consider the case of more than two hypotheses when a Bonferroni approach is being applied while for illustration we assume compound symmetry to hold for the correlation of all variables. Using the device of a latent variable it is easy to show that power is not reduced as the number of variables tested increases, provided that the common correlation coefficient is not too high (say less than 0.75). Afterwards, we will consider structured testing problems. Here, multiplicity problems arising from the comparison of more than two treatments, as opposed to more than one measurement, are typical. We conduct a numerical study and conclude again that power is not reduced as the number of tested variables increases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterative learning control with wavelet filtering
Authors: Merry Roel , van de Molengraft René , Steinbuch Maarten 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe tracking performance of systems that perform repetitive tasks can be significantly improved using iterative learning control (ILC). During successive iterations, ILC learns a high performance feedforward signal from the measured tracking error. In practical applications, the tracking errors of successive experiments contain a repetitive part and a non‐repetitive part. ILC only compensates for the repetitive part, while the non‐repetitive part also enters the learning scheme and deteriorates the performance of ILC. In this paper, analysis of the tracking error of ILC shows the influence of non‐repetitive disturbances. The disturbances of the last two iterations appear to have the largest influence on the tracking error. In order to remove the non‐repetitive disturbances from the tracking error, a wavelet filtering method is proposed, which identifies and removes the non‐repetitive disturbances by a comparison of the time–frequency content of two error realizations for each iteration of ILC. The wavelet filtered error signal contains only the repetitive disturbances and is used as input for ILC. Both simulations and experiments show that with wavelet filtering, a better tracking performance is obtained together with a feedforward signal that contains significantly less disturbances. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistisch begründete Festigkeitskennwerte genieteter Bauteile – statische Festigkeit und Wöhlerlinienkatalog
Authors: Greiner Richard , Taras Andreas , Brunner Helmut 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDie Bewertung der Tragfähigkeit und Restlebensdauer bestehender Eisenbahn‐ und Straßenbrücken gewinnt in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung. Bei der Ausarbeitung der Richtlinie ONR 24008 stellte sich daher erneut die Frage nach der Festigkeit genieteter Bauteile älterer Stahlbrücken. Im Rahmen eines von den Österreichischen Bundesbahnen initiierten Forschungsvorhabens wurden Ergebnisse von statischen Versuchen und Ermüdungsversuchen an genieteten Bauteilen statistisch ausgewertet. Besonders bei den Ergebnissen von Ermüdungsversuchen zeigte sich, dass eine Klassifizierung der untersuchten Konstruktionsdetails entsprechend ihrer Kerbwirkung sinnvoll ist und zu konsistenten Bemessungslinien führt. Als Ergebnis der Studie liegen Tabellen mit statischen Festigkeitswerten sowie einWöhler‐linienkatalog mit Kerbfällen genieteter Bauteile vor.
Shake table model testing and its application
Authors: Lu Xilin , Fu Gongkang , Shi Weixing , Lu Wensheng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a study of shake table testing for aseismic design of structure systems. Two reinforced concrete structure models of different scales were used first to implement and demonstrate the similitude concept using available testing equipment. This concept was then applied to a 33‐story reinforced concrete building's scaled model, using multidirectional simulated seismic excitations. The test results were used to evaluate and modify the original design. Some of these results were also verified using field testing after the building's construction was completed. Comparison of the results between the model test and the full‐scale test shows that testing based on dynamic similitude using shake table are useful although not perfect and can provide supplementary data for decision making in engineering design. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical issues and solutions on installation of viscoelastic dampers in a 46‐story reinforced concrete building structure
Authors: Ahn Sang‐Kyung , Min Kyung‐Won , Park Ji‐Hun , Lee Sang‐Hyun , Lee Dong‐Guen , Oh Jung‐Keun , Kim Ki‐Soo , Lee Sung‐Kyung 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) practically used for enhancing the serviceability of a 46‐story reinforced concrete residential building structure. Considering that a bracing system for the installation of VEDs is not appropriate for a residential building because it occupies a large interior space, a method for installing VEDs at the midspan of a horizontal beam connecting the core and exterior columns is proposed. These VEDs control the total structural response in a similar way to a general outrigger system. The results from numerical analysis indicate that VEDs are effective for reducing not only mean components but also fluctuating ones of wind‐induced responses by providing additional damping as well as stiffness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of dynamic nonlinear behavior of ordinary and buckling restrained braced frames subjected to strong ground motion
Authors: Asgarian B. , Amirhesari N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper nonlinear dynamic analyses of 4‐ to 12‐story frames with two types of bracing behavior are performed. In the first series of analyses, the bracing post‐buckling behavior is modeled using a Jain‐phenomenological model. In this model bracing buckled against compressive loading and yielded when subjected to tensile loading. In the second series, buckling restrained brace frames subjected to strong ground motion have been analyzed using elements with a bilinear behavior. The results in terms of story drifts, story shears, story shear versus drift hysteresis behavior and plastic hinge locations were compared. By comparing the response of the frame with the buckling restrained brace and the ordinary brace, better performance was observed for the buckling restrained braced frames. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creep and shrinkage analysis of reinforced concrete frames by history‐adjusted and shrinkage‐adjusted elasticity moduli
Authors: Au F. T. K. , Liu C. H. , Lee P. K. K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractConsideration of the time‐dependent deformations due to creep and shrinkage is often necessary to ensure satisfactory behavior of complex concrete structures. The stresses and deformations of a reinforced concrete frame can be analyzed by the finite element method using time integration. However, as the full stress history prior to each time interval considered is necessary, with the increase in the number of time intervals used, the amount of computations increases dramatically. The concept of age‐adjusted elasticity modulus is further explored to develop new functions for efficient evaluation of time‐dependent behavior of concrete frames. The history‐adjusted elasticity modulus is devised so that stage construction can be modeled more accurately. Likewise, the shrinkage‐adjusted elasticity modulus is introduced to enable shrinkage analysis to be carried out using one single step. The methods can cope with frame structures built and loaded in several stages. Accurate results can be obtained by considering just a few large time intervals instead of those fine time steps used in time integration. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the new methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnosis of femoral hypoplasia–unusual facies syndrome in the fetus
Authors: Paladini D. , Maruotti G. M. , Sglavo G. , Penner I. , Leone F. , D'Armiento M. R. , Martinelli P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFemoral hypoplasia–unusual facies syndrome (FHUFS) is a rare condition characterized by a variable degree of unilateral or bilateral femoral hypoplasia associated with facial clefting and other minor malformations. The prenatal diagnosis of this condition is possible, but so far has been reported prospectively in only two cases. We review all cases of FHUFS reported in the literature and also describe three cases detected prenatally in the mid‐trimester, underlining the variable expression of the syndrome. The reported association with maternal diabetes mellitus and differential diagnosis with other syndromes characterized by femoral hypoplasia are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor on Progression of Acute Lung Injury Following Esophagectomy
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Tsujimoto Hironori , Hiraki Shu‐ichi , Takahata Risa , Kimura Akifumi , Kinoshita Manabu , Ichikura Takashi , Mochizuki Hidetaka 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sivelestat sodium hydrate, a selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase in the systemic inflammatory response, pulmonary function, and the postoperative clinical course following esophagectomy. Patients with hypoxia associated with surgical stress in the intensive care unit (ICU) immediately after an esophagectomy were eligible for this study. The degree of hypoxia was calculated according to the ratio of arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) to the fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2)—PaO2/FiO2. Patients with PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg were enrolled in this study. Seven patients were treated with sivelestat, and 10 were not so treated. The degree of hypoxia, the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and the postoperative clinical course were compared between the two groups. The postoperative decreases in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio were significantly suppressed in the sivelestat group (p < 0.05, by analysis of variance, or ANOVA). Furthermore, 9 of the 10 control group patients developed SIRS on postoperative day 2, whereas only 2 of 7 of the sivelestat group patients developed SIRS (p < 0.05). The postoperative increases in the heart rate were significantly suppressed in the sivelestat group (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The postoperative decreases in the platelet counts were significantly suppressed in the sivelestat group (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay for the sivelestat group were shorter than that for the control group. We demonstrated that the postoperative decreases in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio following esophagectomy were significantly suppressed in the sivelestat‐treated group. This clinical study showed that a neutrophil elastase inhibitor may thus be a potentially useful drug for treating acute lung injury following esophagectomy.
Oncoplastic Breast‐Conserving Surgery: Analysis of Quadrantectomy and Immediate Reconstruction with Latissimus Dorsi Flap
Authors: Hernanz Fernando , Regaño Sara , Redondo‐Figuero Carlos , Orallo Victoria , Erasun Fernando , Gómez‐Fleitas Manuel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundOncoplastic breast‐conserving surgery satisfies oncologic principles and improves cosmetic outcomes, even when an important breast volume excision is required.MethodsWe reviewed 28 patients suffering from breast cancer treated with quadrantectomy and immediate myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction. We evaluated the status of the surgical margins, early complications, and cosmetic outcome. Cosmetic assessment was carried out by a panel made up of three women and one man: a female member of an association against breast cancer, a female general practitioner, a female gynecologic resident, and a male breast‐specialized surgeon.ResultsFree margins were obtained in all cases. There were 11 postoperative complications: 9 seromas at the donor site, 1 dehiscence of the back wound, and 1 minor partial flap skin necrosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy adjuvant treatment was not compromised. The cosmesis outcome was deemed to be good in 43.75% of the cases and satisfactory in 56.25%. The score for overall cosmesis outcome was 6.92 out of 10. Symmetry and the scar of the reconstructed breast were the most influential criteria in the quantitative assessment of overall cosmetic results.ConclusionPartial mastectomy (quadrantectomy) and immediate reconstruction with a myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap allows extensive resection, which fits oncologic requirements, without serious morbidity and a good cosmetic outcome.
Recommendation Recall and Satisfaction After Attending Breast/Ovarian Cancer Risk Counseling
Authors: Bober Sharon L. , Hoke Lizbeth A. , Duda Rosemary B. , Tung Nadine M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study examined women's recall of physician recommendations as well as patient satisfaction following participation in a breast/ovarian cancer risk and prevention program. Participants were 41 high risk women who attended a cancer risk program 4–6 months earlier. Two‐thirds of women who received recommendations for tamoxifen treatment and genetic testing did not recall these recommendations upon follow‐up. A number of women misunderstood recommendations and a quarter of the sample recalled recommendations that were not made during the consultation. Although these high risk women were generally satisfied with their counseling visit, those individuals who received particularly complex sets of recommendations reported feeling less understood and were less satisfied with the counseling. Findings underline the importance of examining recommendation recall, in addition to perceptions of cancer risk, when evaluating the clinical implications of cancer risk assessment.
Small‐scale spatial variability in the diet of pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) and human‐induced changes in prey base
Authors: Farias Ariel A. , Kittlein Marcelo J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPredators display functional responses to variation in prey availability that result in dietary distinction at different spatial scales. Such differentiation can be enhanced when human‐induced changes in land use increase spatial heterogeneity in prey availability. This has been recorded for canids, but available information is skewed to regional scales. Further, though human activities have strongly altered neotropical biomes, knowledge about small‐scale dietary differentiation of canids come mainly from holartic species. Thus, we quantified variability in the diet of a ubiquitous South American canid species (i.e., the pampas fox, Pseudalopex gymnocercus) over a relatively small area of grasslands in Argentina, comparing its diet at three close sampling sites varying in human disturbance. We found that small‐scale dietary differentiation was influenced by human‐induced habitat modifications, both directly by local subsidizing of introduced prey (e.g., livestock carrion and hares) and indirectly by altering the availability of native prey. Overall, pampas foxes seemed to be highly flexible in their trophic ecology, being able to cope with marked habitat alterations and likely benefiting from food cross‐subsidizing from agricultural landscape to protected grassland relicts. This has implications for management and conservation purposes, and highlights the importance of quantifying variability in foraging behavior of carnivores over small spatial scales.
Oxidative degradation kinetics of lycopene, lutein, and 9‐cis and all‐trans β‐carotene
Authors: Henry L. K. , Catignani G. L. , Schwartz S. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe thermal and oxidative degradation of carotenoids was studied in an oil model system to determine their relative stabilities and the major β‐carotene isomers formed during the reaction. All‐trans β‐carotene, 9‐cis β‐carotene, lycopene, and lutein were heated in safflower seed oil at 75, 85, and 95°C for 24, 12, and 5 h, respectively. The major isomers formed during heating of β‐carotene were 13‐cis, 9‐cis, and an unidentified cis isomer. The degradation kinetics for the carotenoids followed a first‐order kinetic model. The rates of degradation were as follows: lycopene>all‐trans β‐carotene≈9‐cis β‐carotene>lutein. The values for the thermodynamic parameters indicate that a kinetic compensation effect exists between all of the carotenoids. These data suggest that lycopene was most susceptible to degradation and lutein had the greatest stability in the model system of the carotenoids tested. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the rates of degradation for 9‐cis and all‐trans β‐carotene under the experimental conditions.
Hydrophobicity, solubility, and emulsifying properties of soy protein peptides prepared by papain modification and ultrafiltration
Authors: Wu W. U. , Hettiarachchy N. S. , Qi M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPeptide size control is important for obtaining desirable functional properties so that these peptides can be better utilized. Proteolytic enzymatic modification of soy protein isolates (SPI), followed by ultrafiltration, is an effective way to fractionate these proteins into peptides with controlled molecular size. SPI was predenatured by mild alkali at pH 10 and heated at 50°C for 1 h prior to partial hydrolysis by papain at pH 7.0 and 38°C for 10, 30, and 60 min (PMSPI10, PMSPI30, and PMSPI60). The hydrolysate PMSPI60 was further fractionated by ultrafiltration with a stirred cell and disc membranes (100‐, 50‐, and 20‐kDa molecular weight cut‐off) into one retentate (R100) and three permeates (P100, P50, and P20). Molecular weight distribution, surface hydrophobicity (S0), protein solubility (PS), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and emulsion stability index (ESI) of the control SPI (without added papain), hydrolysates, and ultrafiltrates were investigated. Significant increases (P<0.001) in S0, PS, EAI, and ESI were observed in the hydrolysates. Peptides in the permeates had higher PS and EAI but lower S0 than the peptides in the retentate and hydrolysate. Soy protein peptides that were prepared from SPI by papain modification and ultrafiltration had lower molecular weight, higher solubility, and higher emulsifying properties. They could find use in products that require these properties, especially in the cosmetic and health food industries.
Fatty acid bioconversions by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3
Authors: Kuo T. M. , Manthey L. K. , Hou C. T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe bioconversions of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and ricinoleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 were investigated. The conversion of oleic acid to 7,10‐dihydroxy‐8(E)‐octadecenoic acid (DOD) was improved to better than 80% yields by modifying the culture medium and reaction parameters. The microbial cultures were stable and retained the same level of DOD production capacity for up to 6 mon as examined herewith. Strain PR3 did not bioconvert linoleic acid. However, strain PR3 converted ricinoleic acid to a novel compound, 7,10,12‐trihydroxy‐8(E)‐octadecenoic acid (TOD), with a yield of about 35%. The product was further metabolized by strain PR3. TOD was purified by thin‐layer chromatography, and its structure was determined by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. This is the first report on the production of 7,10,12‐trihydroxy unsaturated fatty acid by microbial transformation.
Effect of enzymatic transesterification on the melting points of palm stearin‐sunflower oil mixtures
Authors: Lai O. M. , Ghazali H. M. , Chong C. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTransesterification with lipases may be used to convert mixtures of fats to plastic fats, making them more suitable for use in edible products. In our study, 1,3‐specific (Aspergillus niger, Mucor javanicus, Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus javanicus, and Rhizopus niveus) and nonspecific (Pseudomonas sp. and Candida rugosa) lipases were used to transesterify mixtures of palm stearin and sunflower oil (PS‐SO) at a 40:60 ratio in a solvent‐free medium. The transesterified mixtures of PS‐SO were analyzed for their percentage free fatty acids (FFA), degree and rate of transesterification, solid fat content, slip melting point (SMP), and melting characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry. Results indicated that Pseudomonas sp. lipase produced the highest degree (77.3%) and rate (50.0 h−1) of transesterification, followed by R. miehei lipase at 32.7% and 27.1 h−1, respectively. The highest percentage FFA liberated was also in the reaction mixtures catalyzed by Pseudomonas sp. (2.5%) lipase and R. miehei (2.4%). Pseudomonas‐catalyzed mixtures produced the biggest drop in SMP (13.5°C) and showed complete melting at below body temperature. All results indicated conversion of the PS‐SO mixtures to a more fluid product. The findings also suggest that the specificity of lipases may not play a significant role in lowering the melting point of the PS‐SO mixtures.
Coating properties of alkyd‐ketonic (cyclohexanone formaldehyde) resin blends
Authors: Athawale V. D. , Chamankar A. V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe present article describes the preparation and coating properties of long oil‐length alkyd and ketonic (cyclohexanone formaldehyde) resin blends. A unique solvent system, which shows a one‐phase clear solution and a clear coat of the binder system, was used. The scope of the article is to produce a better combination of properties than those of the individual components. It has been observed that, when a 30% concentration of ketonic resin was blended with the alkyd resin, a significant improvement in adhesion, hardness, gloss, storage stability, acid resistance, and drying time was achieved over that of the alkyd resin alone.