bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYSTERIES
Authors: Close Frank 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the mysteries of balancing the charges of electrons and protons. It starts with Albert Einstein’s theory where electromagnetism and gravity are the result of a common underlying field. There was an emerging debate on whether the Big Bang or Steady State model of the Universe was correct, especially after cosmologist Herman Bondi proposed that the expansion of the Universe might have nothing to do with a big bang but instead could arise if the electric charges of electron and proton do not perfectly balance. The chapter considers the largest notion of asymmetry wherein the Universe appears to be made of matter to the exclusion of antimatter. It then discusses developments in quantum field theory since the middle of the 20th century.
Women in the Labour Market: Structural Constraints and Solutions towards Gender Equality and Empowerment
Authors: Chopra Deepta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Women’s ‘work’ can be seen as a continuum between paid work, unpaid wwork, and unpaid care work. Women in India are no different to their counterparts worldwide, as they struggle to juggle these domains, striving for a balance that allows them and their families to flourish. This struggle is underpinned and reinforced by two structural constraints: patriarchy, and the invisibility of women’s time as finite. It is also well known that women’s labour force participation in the Indian economy has seen a sharp decline in the last few years. This paper seeks to outline the ways in which women in India access, or are denied access to, the labour market. Drawing from primary research in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, this paper examines women’s labour market participation in the formal and informal sectors, showcasing how these two structural constraints intertwine to act as barriers to women’s access to the labour market, thereby causing segregation and overcrowding of women in informal sector employment, as well as low levels and dismal quality of employment for women. The paper then points to two potential solutions for tackling this persistent gender inequality in the labour market: (a) the 3R approach; and (b) providing ‘decent work’ for all.
Seasonal Agricultural Work, Gendered Time Use, and its Implications for Nutrition
Authors: Rao Nitya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Women’s work is central to both agriculture and nutrition, yet the evidence on the links between them are weak. Using time use data from two Indian districts, this paper seeks to fill this gap. In principle, women’s agricultural work could have positive and negative implications for nutrition, through increased control over incomes resulting in improved diets to intensifying work burdens leading to tensions and trade-offs between their agricultural work and care responsibilities, as well as attention to their own health. The emerging evidence points to the nuanced ways in which social identity, seasonality, and context mediate to shape women’s work in agriculture and consequently food intakes and feeding practices. Overall, women’s work in agriculture seems to have a negative effect on household nutrition through two pathways: lack of adequate time for care work in peak agricultural seasons and seasonal energy deficits with consequent losses in body weight. Recognition of women’s contribution to both agricultural production and domestic reproduction, and supporting them adequately, is central to improving nutritional outcomes.
Coda
Authors: Schoenberger Casey 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Coda does not attempt summaries of individual chapters, which may be found in their respective “Conclusions” sections. Rather, it uses an example of a 1959 “plucked ballad” (táncí) adaptation of the story of Mulan to reflect on implications of the book’s arguments for issues of content and form. Probing the question of how to “date” a performance put together sixty-five years ago based on formulae transmitted from teacher to student for a good deal longer, reworking a 1,500-year-old story with tonal alternation and rhyming practice going back much further than that, this chapter argues against a modernist tendency to contrast adherence to form with freedom of expression. Rather, all poets and performers work with conceptual “chunks” of form and meaning of various sizes. Creativity consists in how poets and performers use social and material tools available to them to rearrange and reimagine what can be made of them.
Authoring Postcolonial Normality
Authors: Achille Étienne , PanaÏtÉ Oana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Leurs enfants après eux (winner of the Goncourt Prize in 2018) by Nicolas Mathieu, the postcolonial emerges as a parallel structure established between alternating and intersecting coming-of-age narratives that stage two teenagers, Anthony, the ‘petit Blanc’, and Hacine, the ‘petit Arabe’. This chapter argues that Mathieu expands the poetics of small provincial lives by delving into the everydayness of postcolonial life in France’s suburban and post-industrial society. The representation of race and colonial legacy in Leurs enfants après eux, studied through a combined narratological and sociological lens, calls attention to the direct interventions of the implied author and their primary role in configuring the text’s postcolonial ethos. Through the implied author’s interventions, which are characterized by restraint and opacity, the novel manifests an ethics of care and empathy that adds an important dimension to the poetics of White writing.
Calling Out the iNovel
Authors: Achille Étienne , PanaÏtÉ Oana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The chapter focuses on a first-person narrative written by Nicolas Fargues, a 50-year-old White male who provokes the readership and defies expectations by creating the literary voice of a Black female narrator. While the text invites affective and intellectual consensus around its scathing attacks on White privilege, closer scrutiny of its verbal surface and patterns reveals that this fictionalization of race, far from foregrounding the specificity of a Black female voice, satisfies the expectations of a White audience. Drawing on literary applications of linguistic anthropology, and focusing on the use of technology, the iPhone, and social media as loci of conversation, the chapter shows that Nicolas Fargues develops a form of White iWriting which merely ventriloquizes race as an aesthetic surfeit that ensures the book’s unquestioning reception and commercial success.
For and Against Polemics
Authors: Menon Nandagopal R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The discourses of supporters and critics of polemics point out what polemics do and how they are shaped by the shared condition of being a religious minority. Critics condemn and reject polemics as unethical and allege that they undermine boundaries between public and private, personal and political, and friend/brother and enemy. They see polemics as detrimental to Indian Muslims. Defenders of polemics argue, on the other hand, that they separate right from wrong, religion from politics, and friend/brother from enemy. Polemics provide an opportunity for Muslims to perform their citizenship in India. Both discourses are largely disconnected from theology and understand polemics in largely non-theological terms, though they are united in stressing that polemics isolate religion as a distinct social reality.
Longing for Theology
Authors: Menon Nandagopal R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Religious mass publicity in the contemporary world—Hindu nationalism and Islamism in India, or the global Muslim protests against the Danish cartoons—is increasingly emptied of theology and saturated with biopolitical categories such as majority and minority or secular terminology like ‘hurt sentiments’. Yet elsewhere theology is also the object of desire as the marker of difference. Muslim groups in Kerala, who share much including the common religion of Islam, need theological mass-publicised polemics to magnify differences among them. Anthropologists desire theology to stay true to the discipline’s mission to study and introduce other ways of living and thinking to its publics, often in a comparative framework.
Relativistic kinetic theory
Authors: Choquet-Bruhat Yvonne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We have introduced in Chapter IX equations for perfect fluids in General Relativity as a direct consequence of the perfect fluid equations in Special Relativity and the equivalence principle. We have seen that they are quite satisfactory mathematically as well as physically. We have also seen that there are no compelling macroscopic considerations leading to satisfactory relativistic equations for dissipative fluids, even in Special Relativity. The classical Navier–Stokes equations lead, like the Fourier law of heat transfer, to equations of parabolic type, and hence to an infinite propagation speed of signals, which is incompatible with relativistic causality. The formal generalizations of these equations with the aim of obtaining hyperbolic equations lack general justification and there is no consensus about them.
Introduction and Roadmap
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 motivates the adaptive markets hypothesis by reviewing the tension between the assumption of rationality underlying most economic theories and the documented departures from rationality due to behavioural anomalies. This tension is resolved by the adaptive view of financial markets, which leads to very different implications than the traditional investment paradigm. It concludes with a range of practical implications of adaptive markets, as well as a roadmap of the rest of the book, which is divided into five distinct parts: Foundations, Behaviour, Neurons, Financial Market Dynamics, and Financial Institutions and Adaptations. We conclude with an epilogue, and provide a notational glossary and proofs of all mathematical propositions in the Appendix.
Mutation
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 proposes a simple evolutionary explanation for irrational behaviour using the binary choice framework introduced in Chapter 2. This framework shows that irrational behaviours are, in fact, necessary for evolution in stochastic environments because they provide much-needed diversity that confers survival benefits when certain environments arise. Furthermore, there is an optimal degree of irrationality in the population, depending on the degree of environmental randomness. Therefore, mutation provides an important link between rational and irrational behaviours, and hence a diversity of traits in any given generation. These results reconcile the debate between rational and irrational behaviour—both can and do emerge through the forces of natural selection operating on behaviours, as well as genes.
Cooperation
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In Chapter 7 we develop an extension of Chapter 2’s binary choice model in which one individual’s behaviour can affect the reproductive success of another individual. In the presence of such interactions, natural selection does more than just shape behaviour to selfishly maximize fertility—it also seeks to minimize the correlation of fertility between individuals. In fact, correlation is a mechanism by which evolution can select for cooperation. This mechanism is distinct from standard biological explanations like kin selection, group selection, and reciprocity, and relies only on natural selection, and without recourse to notions of evolutionary stability.
The Role of Culture in Finance
Authors: Lo Andrew W. , Zhang Ruixun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 19 provides an overview of the role of culture according to psychologists, sociologists, and economists, and then presents a specific framework for analysing culture in the context of financial practices and institutions in which three questions are answered: (1) What is culture?; (2) Does it matter?; and (3) Can it be changed? This framework is applied to five concrete situations—Long-Term Capital Management; AIG Financial Products; Lehman Brothers and Repo 105; Société Générale’s rogue trader; and the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Madoff Ponzi scheme—and a proposal to change culture via ‘behavioural risk management’ is presented.
The narrative nature of sexual life
Authors: Langdridge Darren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that in order to understand the nature of contemporary sexual citizenship, one needs to critically examine the narratives that underpin claims to citizenship. To that end, it introduces the importance of narrative and the work of Paul Ricoeur, in particular. The concept of narrative identity and how people construct themselves through the stories they tell is described as a way to connect the psychological and social-cultural. The narrative tradition in the social science is then introduced, with early foundational work from figures including Sarbin, Gergen, and Bruner discussed. The importance of tradition and critique within this narrative understanding is then explained as a key concept. The chapter concludes by exploring work on sexual storytelling, notably by Plummer; queer critique; and the value of tradition.
Sexual citizenship and a clash of rights
Authors: Langdridge Darren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents two case studies where critique as a mode of political engagement has become detached from tradition. The first example concerns religiously motivated protests against sexual and gender diversity education in schools in the United Kingdom. This case highlights the failure of progressive organizations and communities to mobilize against religiously motivated prejudice against sexual and gender minorities. The second example concerns recent arguments between trans and gender critical activists that shows a similar absence of engagement between tradition and critique. This clash is further complicated through the radical nature of claims and use of a ‘cancel culture’ style of political engagement. It is argued that some difficult conversations need to be engaged in to turn down the emotional heat and re-engage with both tradition and critique.
Ecotourism
Authors: Moranda Scott 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter situates the history of ecotourism in the longer history of nature tourism. The chapter begins by identifying ecotourism’s origins in the 1970s and then makes the case for historical continuities between ecotourism and earlier forms of tourism, considering the themes of economic development, class, and environmentalism. The chapter then discusses historical works that highlight how neoliberalism shaped ecotourism after 1965. While neoliberal and postcolonial aspects of ecotourism cannot be ignored, the chapter argues that comparisons with older traditions of nature tourism can be beneficial, especially for thinking about ecotourism destinations as sites of cultural and social contestation. Beginning in the 1800s, nature tourism has led to economic and political exploitation, but the practice (and work) of tourism can contribute as well to identity formation, which can be essential to resisting or coopting tourism for other purposes.
Social Mobility through Immigrant Resentment: Explaining Latinx Support for Restrictive Immigration Policies and Anti-immigrant Candidates
Authors: Hickel Flavio Rogerio , Oskooii Kassra A R , Collingwood Loren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Various polls suggest that Donald Trump has enjoyed the support of a sizable minority of the Latinx electorate despite his racially offensive rhetoric and support for some of the most restrictive immigration policies in recent memory. Building on Social Identity Theory and Self-Categorization Theory, we contend that some Latinxs harbor negative stereotypes about immigrants, blame them for the status devaluation of the Latinx community, and cognitively distinguish themselves from Latinx immigrants. Rather than viewing anti-immigrant policies, rhetoric, and politicians as a direct status threat, those exhibiting this “Latinx Immigrant Resentment (LIR)” may regard them as a means to enhance the status and interests of “prototypical” Latinxs by signaling their distinction from “atypical” Latinxs. To evaluate this theory, we use the 2020 American National Election Study (ANES) and 2016 Collaborative MultiRacial Post-Election Survey (CMPS) as a proof-of-concept to first confirm that negative immigrant stereotypes and cognitive intragroup distinctions are associated with increased support for Donald Trump and restrictive immigration policies. We then introduce a more refined measure of LIR by fielding online surveys of US Latinxs administered through Lucid in 2020–2021 (N = 1,164) and 2021/22 (N = 1,017). We demonstrate the validity of this measure and its predictive power for attitudes toward Donald Trump, Ron DeSantis, and restrictive immigration policies after accounting for a range of rival explanations.
Dispersion state analysis in hot melt extruded, highly drug-loaded 3D printing filaments applying Raman microscopy
Authors: Tidau Marius , Finke Jan Henrik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Highly drug-loaded polymer formulations are favorable intermediates in pharmaceutical applications, for example, for the individualized production of medicines via 3D printing with the maximum flexibility regarding dose strength and drug combination in a single dosage form. However, high-disperse drug loads are challenging for the process itself and the (intermediate) product properties, making the knowledge about the dispersion state of the drug particles achieved by the production process helpful to overcome such challenges.

Methods
Therefore, a novel dispersion state analysis technique based on scanning Raman microscopy is proposed in the present study and applied to HPMC filaments loaded with 20 wt%, 40 wt%, and 60 wt% theophylline. The qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the scans were correlated to melt viscosities, process data, and mechanical properties of the filaments.

Key findings
The analyses revealed not only an increasing particle size reduction with increasing drug load and thus increasing viscosity and mechanical energy input. The particle size reduction also caused a change in the filaments’ mechanical properties from elastic ductile to rigid brittle. Furthermore, an alignment of the elongated drug particles with the frozen three-dimensional flow pattern of the extruder and not only with the extrusion direction was elucidated.

Conclusions
Therefore, the necessity to investigate the dispersion state further is highlighted for future studies on highly drug-loaded polymer formulations, providing a novel measuring technique applicable to challenging pharmaceutical formulations.
Developing Crowdsourced Clinical Registry Studies
Authors: Jones Carolynn Thomas , Walker Jeremy , McMullen Rachel L. , Pappas Peter G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT:
Crowdsourced registries have been used to quickly gather information, especially during emerging public health concerns. Registries that began during the COVID-19 pandemic were used to rapidly answer key questions on coinfections, experimental treatments, and morbidity and mortality outcomes. Registries are also used more frequently to support clinical trials and track long-term outcomes in patient populations. This article reviews registry methodology, including the collection of data from crowdsourcing and real-world sources, that can be applied to nurse researcher and clinical research nurse skill sets. The authors illustrate a recently reported crowdsourced COVID-19 and cryptococcal disease registry that followed project management strategies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality registry guidelines for planning, execution, and analysis of registries and other research methods.
Reducing Sternal Wound Infection Rates in Patients Undergoing Cardiothoracic Surgery with Sternotomy
Authors: Fonseca Maria Alcina , Cooper Lise 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Local problem:
Sternal wound infections (SWIs), whether superficial or deep, are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs. From 2016 to 2017, our facility saw a 50% decrease in SWIs among patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery with sternotomy. From 2017 to 2018, however, we identified a 33% increase in SWIs, prompting us to address our cardiac nurses' sternal wound care education and practice.

Purpose:
The purpose of our quality improvement (QI) project was to identify opportunities for improvement in postoperative sternal incision care and to implement evidence-based processes to reduce the incidence of SWIs among cardiothoracic surgery patients.

Methods:
A literature review was performed to identify interventions focused on evidence-based SWI reduction. During the first quarter of 2019, our postoperative incision care guidelines were revised and released to staff, a new surgical wound cleansing product was supplied, and RN education was provided. Cardiac nurses were surveyed in April 2019 to identify any remaining knowledge and practice deficits and to assess their adherence to the new guidelines. The survey responses helped us to further improve our nurse education. We also provided periodic nurse reeducation and enhanced patient and family education. All such interventions were implemented by the end of June 2019.

Results:
Between January and June 2019, we had one SWI. From July 2019 through December 2020, an 18-month period, we experienced zero SWIs. Although beginning in 2021, we saw an increase in SWIs—four in 2021 and five in 2022—our incidence rates remain below 0.5% and we continue to work toward an SWI goal of zero.

Conclusion:
This QI project identified opportunities for improvement, implemented evidence-based strategies for wound care and education, and successfully achieved a zero SWI rate for a period of 18 months.