bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an enumerative geometry of the moduli space of twisted curves
and rth roots
Authors: Chiodo Alessandro 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe enumerative geometry of rth roots of line bundles is crucial
in the theory of r-spin curves and occurs in the calculation of
Gromov–Witten invariants of orbifolds. It requires the definition of
the suitable compact moduli stack and the generalization of the standard
techniques from the theory of moduli of stable curves. In a previous paper, we
constructed a compact moduli stack by describing the notion of stability in the
context of twisted curves. In this paper, by working with stable twisted curves,
we extend Mumford’s formula for the Chern character of the Hodge
bundle to the direct image of the universal rth root in
K-theory.
(GLn+1(F), GLn(F)) is a Gelfand pair for any local field F
Authors: Aizenbud Avraham , Gourevitch Dmitry , Sayag Eitan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLet F be an arbitrary local field. Consider the standard embedding $\mathrm {GL}_n(F) \hookrightarrow \mathrm {GL}_{n+1}(F)$ and the two-sided action of GLn(F)×GLn(F) on GLn+1(F). In this paper we show that any GLn(F)×GLn(F)-invariant distribution on GLn+1(F) is invariant with respect to transposition. We show that this implies that the pair (GLn+1(F), GLn(F)) is a Gelfand pair. Namely, for any irreducible admissible representation (π,E) of GLn+1(F), $\dim Hom_{\mathrm {GL}_n(F)}(E,\mathbb {C}) \leqslant 1$. For the proof in the archimedean case, we develop several tools to study invariant distributions on smooth manifolds.
Carbonic fluids in ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism: evidence from Raman spectroscopic study of fluid inclusions in granulites from the Napier Complex, East Antarctica
Authors: Tsunogae T. , Santosh M. , Dubessy J. , Osanai Y. , Owada M. , Hokada T. , Toyoshima T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report the first quantitative compositional data on fluid inclusions in ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulites from the Napier Complex of Enderby Land, East Antarctica. Fluid inclusions in various high-grade minerals such as garnet, orthopyroxene and sapphirine from three UHT localities in the Amundsen Bay area were studied in terms of petrography and microthermometry as well as laser Raman spectroscopy. Measured melting temperatures of inclusions from all the three localities indicate that the trapped fluid phase is dominantly carbonic. Raman analyses confirmed a near pure CO2composition with only minor dilutants such as N2(<6.0 mol%), CH4(<0.3 mol%), and H2O (<0.1 mol%). CH4-bearing fluid associated with sapphirine granulites suggests low oxygen fugacity (fO2) conditions for the rocks, whereas CH4was not detected from fluid inclusions in magnetite-bearing high-fO2garnet granulite. The range of CO2isochores computed from density measurements in fluid inclusions from the granulites pass through the peakP–Tconditions of the Napier metamorphism (T= 1050–1150 °C,P=9–11 kbar) indicating synmetamorphic nature of the fluids. Inclusions in garnet from Bunt Island coexist with carbonate minerals (magnesite) and graphite along with dense CO2-rich fluid, indicating probable derivation from deep-seated primary magmatic sources. The ubiquitous association of carbonic fluids in the UHT mineral assemblages suggests CO2influx during extreme crustal metamorphism of the Napier Complex. The carbonic fluid probably played an important role in transporting heat from mantle or mantle-derived magmas and in stabilizing the dry mineral assemblages.
Sapphirine+quartz association in garnet: implication for ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism at Rundvågshetta, Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica
Authors: Yoshimura Yasutaka , Motoyoshi Yoichi , Miyamoto Tomoharu 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We report the occurrence of sapphirine+quartz association within garnet porphyroblast in the garnet–orthopyroxene–sillimanite granulite (Grt–Opx–Sill granulite) from Rundvågshetta in the Lützow-Holm Complex, East Antarctica. The granulites in the study area show a characteristic mineral assemblage consisting of orthopyroxene+sillimanite+quartz. The presence of sapphirine and quartz inclusions within garnet in the sapphirine-bearing Grt–Opx–Sill granulite suggests that metamorphic conditions changed from the stability field of orthopyroxene+sillimanite+quartz to that of sapphirine+quartz during the garnet growth. Peak metamorphic temperature conditions of about 1000–1100 °C are obtained by ternary feldspar thermometry for these granulites. Similar temperatures were also estimated from the Al-in-orthopyroxene geothermometer. The granulites are also characterized by coarse-grained garnet, being partly surrounded by a fine-grained symplectite composed of orthopyroxene and cordierite, whereas sapphirine+cordierite symplectitic intergrowth occurs in the matrix. These textures imply that the area underwent isothermal decompression subsequent to ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. The sapphirine-bearing Grt–Opx–Sill granulite is likely to be the restitic product of partial melting and shows signs of segregation and movement of melt.
Dynamics of Prediction Errors under the Combined Effect of Initial Condition and Model Errors
Authors: Nicolis C. , Perdigao Rui A. P. , Vannitsem S. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The transient evolution of prediction errors in the short to intermediate time regime is considered under the combined effect of initial condition and model errors. Some generic features are brought out and connected with intrinsic properties. Under the assumption of small uncorrelated initial errors and of small parameter errors, the conditions of existence of a time at which the mean quadratic error reaches a minimum and of a crossover time at which the contribution of initial condition errors matches that of model errors are determined. The results are illustrated and tested on representative low-order models of atmospheric dynamics exhibiting bistability, saddle-point behavior, and chaotic behavior.
Lactadherin and clearance of platelet-derived microvesicles
Authors: Dasgupta Swapan K. , Abdel-Monem Hanan , Niravath Polly , Le Anhquyen , Bellera Ricardo V. , Langlois Kimberly , Nagata Shigekazu , Rumbaut Rolando E. , Thiagarajan Perumal 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe transbilayer movement of phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet of the membrane bilayer during platelet activation is associated with the release of procoagulant phosphatidylserine-rich small membrane vesicles called platelet-derived microvesicles. We tested the effect of lactadherin, which promotes the phagocytosis of phosphatidylserine-expressing lymphocytes and red blood cells, in the clearance of platelet microvesicles. Platelet-derived microvesicles were labeled with BODIPY-maleimide and incubated with THP-1–derived macrophages. The extent of phagocytosis was quantified by flow cytometry. Lactadherin promoted phagocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal effect at approximately 5 ng/mL. Lactadherin-deficient mice had increased number of platelet-derived microvesicles in their plasma compared with their wild-type littermates (950 ± 165 vs 4760 ± 650; P = .02) and generated 2-fold more thrombin. In addition, splenic macrophages from lactadherin-deficient mice showed decreased capacity to phagocytose platelet-derived microvesicles. In an in vivo model of light/dye-induced endothelial injury/thrombosis in the cremasteric venules, lactadherin-deficient mice had significantly shorter time for occlusion compared with their wild-type littermate controls (5.93 ± 0.43 minutes vs 9.80 ± 1.14 minutes;P = .01). These studies show that lactadherin mediates the clearance of phosphatidylserine-expressing platelet-derived microvesicles from the circulation and that a defective clearance can induce a hypercoagulable state.
Role of molecular mimicry of hepatitis C virus protein with platelet GPIIIa in hepatitis C–related immunologic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zhang Wei , Nardi Michael A. , Borkowsky William , Li Zongdong , Karpatkin Simon 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Patients with HIV-1 immune-related thrombocytopenia (HIV-1–ITP) have a unique Ab against platelet GPIIIa49-66 capable of inducing oxidative platelet fragmentation in the absence of complement. HIV-1–seropositive drug abusers are more prone to develop immune thrombocytopenia than non–drug abusers and have a higher coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) than non–drug abusers (90% vs 30%). Molecular mimicry was sought by screening a phage peptide library with anti–GPIIIa49-66 antibody as bait for peptides sharing homology sequences with HCV. Several phage peptide clones had 70% homology with HCV protein. Sera from dually infected thrombocytopenic patients with HCV and HIV-ITP reacted strongly with 4 nonconserved peptides from HCV core envelope 1. Reactivity correlated inversely with platelet count (r2 = 0.7, P < .01). Ab raised against peptide PHC09 in GPIIIa−/− mice induced thrombocytopenia in wild-type mice. Affinity-purified IgG against PHC09 induced oxidative platelet fragmentation in vitro. Drug abusers dually infected with HCV and HIV-1 had a greater incidence and severity of thrombocytopenia as well as titer of anti–GPIIIa49-66/PHC09 Ab. NZB/W F1 mice injected with recombinant core envelope 1 developed Ab versus PHC09 and significantly decreased their platelet count (P < .001). Thus, HCV core envelope 1 can induce thrombocytopenia by molecular mimicry with GPIIIa49-66.
Inelastic compression increases venous ejection fraction more than elastic bandages in patients with superficial venous reflux
Authors: Mosti G , Mattaliano V , Partsch H 
Published: November 2008

Aim To investigate the influence of compression bandages, manufactured using materials with different elastic properties, on the impaired venous pumping function in patients with venous insufficiency. Methods Ejection volume (EV) and ejection fraction (EF) were measured using strain gauge plethysmography distal from the patella without and with elastic and inelastic compression bandages in a total of 30 patients with major venous reflux in the great saphenous vein. The interface pressure of the bandages was measured simultaneously in the medial gaiter area. Normal values of EV and EF were obtained from 15 healthy controls. Results Patients with venous insufficiency showed a statistically significant reduction of EV and EF compared to controls. Elastic bandages with an average pressure of 42 mm Hg in the supine position achieved a moderate increase of EV and a significant improvement of EF (p < .01), while inelastic bandages applied with comparable resting pressure (41 mm Hg) raised EV and EF into a normal range (p < .001). The improvement of the ejection fraction correlates well with the pressure differences between standing and lying (Static Stiffness Index) and between muscle systole and diastole during exercise (Pearson r = 0.69 and 0.74 respectively, p < .001). Elastic bandages applied with high stretch in order to achieve standing pressures comparable to those of inelastic bandages (>60 mm Hg) led only to a minor improvement of the venous pumping function. Conclusions Ejected volume and ejection fraction, which are severely reduced in venous insufficiency, can be increased by compression therapy. Inelastic compression is much more effective than elastic bandages, and is able to normalize venous pumping function. With elastic bandages EV and EF always remain below the normal range even when applied with high stretch producing a resting pressure that is barely tolerable.
Diagnosis and therapy in children with lymphoedema
Authors: Damstra R J , Mortimer P S 
Published: November 2008

Introduction Lymphoedema (LE) is a disorder characterized by persistent swelling caused by impaired lymphatic drainage because of various aetiologies, including lymphatic injury and congenital functional or anatomical defects. Objective Literature review and expert opinion about diagnosis and treatment of LE in children. Results LE is rare in children, with a prevalence of about 1.15/100,000 persons, 20 years old. The management of LE in children differs considerably from adults in terms of origin, co-morbidity and therapeutic approach. The objective of this presentation is to discuss practical issues related to clinically relevant information on the diagnosis, aetiology, work-up and treatment of LE in children. In contrast to adults, who usually experience secondary LE because of acquired lymphatic failure, most cases in children have a primary origin. The diagnosis can be made mainly on the basis of careful personal and family history, and physical examination. LE in children can be part of a syndrome if there are other concomitant phenotypic abnormalities and if a genetic defect is recognizable. Treatment of LE is mostly conservative utilizing decongestive LE therapy including compression therapy, directed exercises, massage and skincare. In the neonate, initial observation alone may be sufficient, as delayed lymphatic development and maturation can result in spontaneous improvement. The role of parents is crucial in providing the necessary input. Conclusion We present a review emphasizing a practical approach to treating a child with LE according to current publications and our own experience.
A new family of locally compact 4-dimensional translation planes admitting a 7-dimensional collineation group
Authors: Ortleb Sigrun 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The present paper contains the construction of a family of 4-dimensional translation planes with a 7-dimensional collineation group. The planes of this family do not appear in the comprehensive classification [Betten, J. Reine Angew. Math. 285: 126–148, 1976, Betten, Geometriae Dedicata 3: 405–440, 1974/75, Betten, Math. Z. 154: 125–141, 1977]. We furthermore determine the isomorphism types of the new planes.
Characterization of some subgraphs of point-collinearity graphs of building geometries II
Authors: Kasikova Anna 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We give examples of characterizations of point shadows of apartments of buildings using Theorem 3.3 of [Kasikova, European J. Combin. 28: 1493–1529, 2007], and prove some properties of point-line truncations of J-Grassmann geometries of buildings, used in those examples, for all buildings and all choices of J.
Evo–devo of child growth II: human life history and transition between its phases
Authors: Hochberg Ze'ev 
Published: November 2008

This review attempts to use evolutionary life-history theory in understanding child growth in a broad evolutionary perspective. It uses the data and theory of evolutionary predictive adaptive strategies for transition from one life-history phase to the next, and the inherent adaptive plasticity in the timing of such transitions. Humans evolved to withstand energy crises by decreasing their body size, and evolutionary short-term adaptations to energy crises utilize a plasticity that modifies the timing of transition from infancy into childhood, culminating in short stature at the time of an energy crisis. Transition to juvenility is part of a strategy of conversion from a period of total dependence on the family and tribe for provision and security to self-supply, and a degree of adaptive plasticity is provided and determines body composition. Transition to adolescence entails plasticity in adapting to energy resources, other environmental cues, and the social needs of the maturing adolescent to determine lifespan and the period of fecundity and fertility.ConclusionLife-history transitions are the times when the child adaptively responds to environmental cues in order to enhance growth–body composition–lifespan–fecundity schedules and behavioral strategies that yield the highest fitness in a given environment.
LYRM1, a novel gene promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of preadipocytes
Authors: Qiu Jie , Gao Chun-Lin , Zhang Min , Chen Rong-Hua , Chi Xia , Liu Feng , Zhang Chun-Mei , Ji Chen-Bo , Chen Xiao-Hui , Zhao Ya-Ping , Li Xiao-Nan , Tong Mei-Ling , Ni Yu-Hui , Guo Xi-Rong 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo characterize a novel gene, Homo sapiens LYR motif containing 1 (LYRM1), that is highly expressed in omental adipose tissue of obese subjects.Methods and resultsRT-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed that both mRNA and protein levels of LYRM1 were higher in omental adipose tissue of obese subjects than in normal weight subjects. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that LYRM1 expression is widely distributed, with the highest levels of expression occurring in adipose tissue. A fusion protein of LYRM1 and green fluorescent protein as well as western blot analysis were used to identify the subcellular localization of LYRM1 in the nucleus. Based on Oil red O staining and the expression profile of specific differentiation markers, ectopic LYRM1 expression was not found to significantly affect adipogenesis. MTT assays and cell cycle analysis showed that LYRM1 promotes preadipocyte proliferation, and data from annexin V-FITC and caspase-3 activity assays further determined that LYRM1 can inhibit apoptosis of preadipocytes.ConclusionsBy increasing cell proliferation and lowering the rate of apoptosis, LYRM1 has the potential to modulate the size of the preadipocyte pool and influence adipose tissue homeostasis.
Skeletal muscle 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity is upregulated following elective abdominal surgery
Authors: Jang Christina , Obeyesekere Varuni R , Alford Frank P , Inder Warrick J 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveCortisol has been traditionally implicated in the causation of peri-operative skeletal muscle (SkM) insulin resistance, but cortisol levels return to normal within 72 h of surgery. Tissue cortisol bioactivity may be prolonged by local upregulation of the enzyme 11βHSD1. We aimed to investigate the changes of SkM 11βHSD1 enzyme activity and mRNA expression, relative to plasma cortisol, insulin and glucose levels following elective abdominal surgery.Patients and designEight non-diabetic subjects (two male, six female) underwent serial plasma hormone sampling and muscle biopsy of vastus lateralis at baseline and on day 5 following elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsSkM 11βHSD1 and H6PDH mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme activity by % conversion of 3H cortisone to cortisol. Plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), tumour necrosis factor-α and cortisol by standardised assays.ResultsCompared with baseline, SkM 11βHSD1 activity was significantly increased on day 5 after surgery (14.7±2.1 vs 20.4±3.2%, P=0.005). Neither 11βHSD1 nor H6PDH mRNA levels were altered after surgery. Plasma cortisol (P=0.027), FFA (P=0.01) and glucose (P=0.004) rose rapidly following surgery and had returned to baseline values by 24 h post-surgery. There was no significant change in plasma insulin.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate an upregulation of SkM 11βHSD1 activity in response to a physiological stressor. Sustained activation of this enzyme may increase tissue cortisol bioactivity.
Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
Authors: Saleh Jumana , Al-Khanbashi Manal , Al-Maarof Majida , Al-Lawati Mohsin , Rizvi Syed G , Cianflone Katherine 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveThe menstrual cycle represents a continuous state of change in terms of female sex steroid environment. Progesterone is linked to increased fat storage while estrogen exerts anti-lipogenic effects. This study investigated variations in the potent lipogenic factor acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), and examined its association with hormonal and lipid profile alterations across the menstrual cycle.Methods and designNineteen non-obese women with regular menstrual cycles were investigated in a longitudinal study during the follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases (ML) of the cycle. Fasting ASP, LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, insulin, lipid profile, and apoproteins were evaluated during different phases of the cycle.ResultsASP levels changed significantly throughout the menstrual cycle (K-related Friedman test: P=0.013). Interestingly, these changes coincide with variations in progesterone levels across the cycle as no significant change in the ASP levels was seen across the follicular phases of the cycle, followed by a significant increase in the ovulatory phase, which continued to elevate toward the ML. The ASP levels correlated positively with the progesterone levels normally elevated in the ML. No significant correlation was seen between ASP and estrogen or any other measured female hormone. Multiple regression analysis including all measured parameters and body mass index showed that progesterone was the only significant predictor of the ASP levels.ConclusionOur findings suggest that during the menstrual cycle of normal women, the ASP levels coincidentally fluctuate with the progesterone levels, possibly reflecting cooperation between them in fat storage enhancement.
Modeling of Tread Block Contact Mechanics Using Linear Viscoelastic Theory
Authors: Liu F. , Sutcliffe M. P. F. , Graham W. R. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In an effort to understand the dynamic hub forces on road vehicles, an advanced free-rolling tire-model is being developed in which the tread blocks and tire belt are modeled separately. This paper presents the interim results for the tread block modeling. The finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit is used to predict the contact forces on the tread blocks based on a linear viscoelastic material model. Special attention is paid to investigating the forces on the tread blocks during the impact and release motions. A pressure and slip-rate-dependent frictional law is applied in the analysis. A simplified numerical model is also proposed where the tread blocks are discretized into linear viscoelastic spring elements. The results from both models are validated via experiments in a high-speed rolling test rig and found to be in good agreement.