bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative P–T–X constraints on orthopyroxene‐bearing high‐pressure granulites in felsic–metapelitic rocks: evidence from the Huangtuling granulite, Dabieshan Orogen
Authors: CHEN Y. , YE K. , LIU J‐B. , SUN M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHigh‐pressure granulites are generally characterized by the absence of orthopyroxene. However, orthopyroxene is reported in a few high‐pressure, felsic–metapelitic granulites, such as the Huangtuling felsic high‐pressure granulite in the North Dabie metamorphic core complex in east‐central China, which rarely preserves the high‐pressure granulite facies assemblage of garnet + orthopyroxene + biotite + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + quartz. To investigate the effects of bulk‐rock composition on the stability of orthopyroxene‐bearing, high‐pressure granulite facies assemblages in the NCKFMASHTO (Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3) system, a series of P–T–X pseudosections based on the melt‐reintegrated composition of the Huangtuling felsic high‐pressure granulite were constructed. Calculations demonstrate that the orthopyroxene‐bearing, high‐pressure granulite facies assemblages are restricted to low XAl [Al2O3/(Na2O + CaO + K2O + FeO + MgO + Al2O3) < 0.35, mole proportion] or high XMg [MgO/(MgO + FeO) > 0.85] felsic–metapelitic rock types. This study also reveals that the XAl values in the residual felsic–metapelitic, high‐pressure granulites could be significantly reduced by a high proportion of melt loss. We suggest that orthopyroxene‐bearing, high‐pressure granulites occur in residual overthickened crustal basement under continental subduction–collision zones and arc–continent collision belts.
Minimally invasive surgical technique and enamel matrix derivative in intra‐bony defects. I: clinical outcomes and morbidity
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAims: This case cohort study was designed to evaluate the clinical performance and the intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity of the minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) associated with the application of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in the treatment of isolated deep intra‐bony defects.Material and Methods: Forty deep isolated intra‐bony defects in 40 patients were surgically accessed with the MIST. This technique was designed to limit the mesio‐distal flap extension and the corono‐apical flap reflection in order to reduce the surgical trauma and increase flap stability. The incision of the defect‐associated papilla was performed according to the principles of the papilla preservation techniques. EMD was applied on the debrided and dried root surfaces. Stable primary closure of the flaps was obtained with modified internal mattress sutures. Surgery was performed with the aid of an operating microscope and microsurgical instruments. Clinical outcomes were collected at baseline and at 1 year. Intra‐operative and post‐operative morbidity was evaluated with questionnaires.Results: The 1‐year clinical attachment gain was 4.9±1.7 mm (p<0.0001 compared with baseline). This corresponded to a 77.6±21.9% resolution of the defect. Residual probing pocket depths were 3±0.6 mm. A minimal increase of 0.4±0.7 mm in gingival recession between baseline and 1 year was recorded. No patients experienced intra‐operative pain, while only 14 reported a very moderate perception of the hardship of the surgical procedure [7±12 visual‐analogue scale (VAS) units, on average]. Primary closure was obtained in all treated sites. At the 1‐week follow‐up visit, 38 sites (95%) were still closed. Only 12 subjects reported moderate post‐operative pain (VAS 19±10) that lasted for 26±17 h.Conclusions: These data indicate that the minimally invasive surgical technique, in combination with EMD, can be successfully applied in the treatment of isolated deep intra‐bony defects, resulting in excellent clinical outcomes with very limited intra‐ and post‐operative morbidity.
Role of IL‐6, TNF‐A and LT‐A variants in the modulation of the clinical expression of plaque‐induced gingivitis
Authors: Scapoli Chiara , Mamolini Elisabetta , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: The purpose of the present study was to assess the association of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐A) and lymphotoxin alpha (LT‐A) gene polymorphisms with the clinical parameters of gingivitis in a large experimental gingivitis trial and with each of two subgroups, “high responder” (HR, n=24) and “low responder” (LR, n=24), with distinct susceptibility to gingivitis.Material and Methods: Ninety‐six systemically and periodontally healthy non‐smokers, 46 males (mean age: 23.9±1.7) and 50 females (mean age: 23.3±1.6), were included in a randomized split‐mouth localized 21‐day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque index, gingival index, gingival crevicular fluid volume and angulated bleeding score were recorded. HR and LR subgroups were characterized by substantially different severities of gingival inflammation despite a similar plaque accumulation rate. All subjects were genetically characterized for IL‐6−174, IL‐6−597, TNF‐A−308 and LT‐A+252 polymorphisms.Results: None of the variants analysed, either as single polymorphisms or as a combined genotype, was associated with the clinical parameters in the overall population. For the polymorphisms studied, genotypic distributions in HR and LR subjects were not significantly different.Conclusions: The present results suggest an absence of association between IL‐6, TNF‐A and LT‐A polymorphisms and subject‐based clinical behaviour of the gingiva in response to de novo plaque accumulation.
Does tooth brushing influence the development and progression of non‐inflammatory gingival recession? A systematic review
Authors: Rajapakse P. Sunethra , McCracken Giles I. , Gwynnett Erika , Steen Nick D. , Guentsch Arndt , Heasman Peter A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim:The aim of this systematic review was to produce the best available evidence and pool appropriate data to evaluate the effect of tooth brushing on the initiation and progression of non‐inflammatory gingival recession.Material and Methods:A protocol was developeda priorifor the question: “Do factors associated with tooth brushing predict the development and progression of non‐inflammatory gingival recession in adults?” The search covered six electronic databases between January 1966 and July 2005. Hand searching included searches of theJournal of Clinical Periodontology,Journal of Periodontal Researchand theJournal of Periodontology. Bibliographies of narrative reviews, conference proceedings and relevant texts known to the authors were also searched. Inclusion of titles, abstracts and ultimately full texts was based on consensus between three reviewers.Results:The full texts of 29 papers were read and 18 texts were eligible for inclusion. One abstract from EuroPerio 5 reported a randomized‐controlled clinical trial [Level I evidence] in which the authors concluded that the toothbrushes significantly reduced recessions on buccal tooth surfaces over 18 months. Of the remaining 17 observational studies, two concluded that there appeared to be no relationship between tooth brushing frequency and gingival recession. Eight studies reported a positive association between tooth brushing frequency and recession. Other potential risk factors were duration of tooth brushing, brushing force, frequency of changing the toothbrush, brush (bristle) hardness and tooth brushing technique. None of the observational studies satisfied all the specified criteria for quality appraisal and a valid appraisal of the quality of the randomized‐controlled trial was not possible.Conclusion:The data to support or refute the association between tooth brushing and gingival recession are inconclusive.
The extent of periodontal disease and the IL‐6−174 genotype as determinants of serum IL‐6 level
Authors: Raunio Taina , Nixdorf Marianne , Knuuttila Matti , Karttunen Riitta , Vainio Olli , Tervonen Tellervo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: To study the extent of periodontal disease and the IL‐6−174 genotype as determinants of serum and mouthwash IL‐6 concentration in subjects with moderate to severe periodontal disease.Material and Methods: Fifty‐two generally healthy subjects volunteered to participate. Probing pocket depth (PD) and periodontal attachment level (AL) were clinically examined and alveolar bone level (BL) was measured on orthopantomographs. IL‐6 concentrations in mouthwash, collected by rinsing with 3 ml saline for 30 s and in serum, obtained by venipuncture, were measured using ELISA. IL‐6−174 polymorphism was studied using a polymerase chain reaction.Results: Eleven subjects carried the GG genotype, and 41 subjects, carried the CG/CC genotype. The mean (± SD) concentration of IL‐6 in serum was 1.6 (± 1.5) pg/ml and, 2.8 (± 5.04) pg/ml in mouthwash. The serum concentration of IL‐6 was higher in subjects with the GG genotype than with the CG/CC genotype. In regression analyses the percentages of sites with PD6 mm, AL6 mm and BL8 mm, the IL‐6−174 genotype, body mass index and gender associated significantly with serum IL‐6 concentration.Conclusions: The extent of moderate to severe periodontal disease and the IL‐6−174 genotype contribute significantly to serum IL‐6 concentration.
Metabolic syndrome in youth: a cross‐sectional school‐based survey
Authors: Vissers Dirk , Vanroy Christel , De Meulenaere An , Van de Sompel Annemie , Truijen Steven , Van Gaal Luc 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among students attending vocational secondary school (VSE). VSE provides practice‐oriented education in which young people learn a specific occupation. Previously we reported VSE to be the type of education with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity.Methods: All data were collected in a cross‐sectional school‐based survey. Subjects were recruited from a community sample of 869 adolescents in 14 secondary schools. In this total sample all components of the metabolic syndrome were assessed in a subgroup of 506 students. MetS was defined analogous to National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, with modifications for students under 19 years of age.Results: In the subsample (n = 506) 4.1% of the students had metabolic syndrome. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among BMI categories (p < 0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in obese students (39.1%) than in overweight students (2.8%) and normal weight students (0.3%).Conclusion: Being overweight or obese substantially increases the risk for metabolic syndrome, even in an adolescent school population.
Allergic proctitis and abdominal distention mimicking Hirschsprung's disease in infants
Authors: Lee Jee Hyun , Choe Yon Ho , Lee Suk‐Koo , Seo Jeong Meen , Kim Ji Hye , Suh Yeon‐Lim 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: To determine the incidence and clinical aspects of allergic proctitis (AP) in infants with symptoms that mimic Hirschsprung's disease (HD).Methods: One hundred and five patients less than 6 months of age, who underwent barium enema, anorectal manometry and rectal suction biopsy due to suspicion of HD, were enrolled. Comparison of the patient characteristics associated with each disease was based on the results of the triple testing. The sensitivity and specificity of the three tests, for the diagnosis of HD, were evaluated.Results: The mean age of enrolled patients was 2.1 ± 0.9 months. Based on the three tests, 39 patients (37.1%) were diagnosed with HD, seven patients (6.7%) with AP, and 53 (50.5%) had normal results. Of the 54 patients with transitional zone and a reversed rectosigmoid index on the barium enema, four (7.4%) were patients with AP. The mean age of the AP patients (3.1 ± 1.5 months old) was older than the HD children (1.4 ± 0.9 months old). The sensitivity of the three tests for HD was 97.4%, 87.2% and 92.3% and the specificity was: 74.2%, 78.8% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions: In the infants with severe abdominal distention, the incidence of AP mimicking HD was relatively high. Therefore, consideration of AP should be part of the differential diagnosis in infants with severe abdominal distention or findings that mimic HD. For differentiation of these disorders, a rectal suction biopsy is very useful.
Clinical/otologic score before and during treatment of acute otitis media
Authors: Satran R , Leibovitz E , Raiz S , Piglansky L , Press J , Leiberman A , Dagan R 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives: To determine clinical characteristics of AOM at presentation and during therapy according to specific etiologies.Patients and Methods: 1003 patients studied during 1996–2001 in antibiotic efficacy studies underwent tympanocentesis and middle ear fluid culture at enrollment and on Day 4–6 (in initially culture‐positive patients only). We used a clinical/otologic (CO) score for evaluating severity of fever, irritability and tympanic membrane redness and bulging (0–3 each parameter, maximal score = 12).Results: Seven hundred sixty‐three patients had positive cultures with 392 (39%) Haemophilus influenzae, 198 (20%) Streptococcus pneumoniae and 173 (17%) mixed H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae infection. Mean CO score was higher in culture‐positive versus culture‐negative patients (8.21 ± 2.17 vs. 7.73 ± 2.32, p = 0.003) regardless of isolated organism. A marked improvement in CO score was observed on Day 4–6 in all patients: 1.83 ± 2.18 in children initially culture‐positive and 0.9 ± 1.67 in those initially culture‐negative (p < 0.001). The improvement was greater in patients with eradication versus those with bacteriological failure (CO score 1.52 ± 1.82 vs. 2.77 ± 2.85, p < 0.001).Conclusions: CO score before treatment, after bacterial eradication or in bacteriologic failures are similar in bacterial AOM and are not predictive of the etiology of the disease.
Intralesional injections of Citoprot‐P® (recombinant human epidermal growth factor) in advanced diabetic foot ulcers with risk of amputation
Authors: Fernández‐Montequín José I , Infante‐Cristiá Ena , Valenzuela‐Silva Carmen , Franco‐Pérez Neobalis , Savigne‐Gutierrez William , Artaza‐Sanz Heriberto , Morejón‐Vega Lourdes , González‐Benavides Cecilio , Eliseo‐Musenden Osvaldo , García‐Iglesias Elizeth , Berlanga‐Acosta Jorge , Silva‐Rodríguez Ricardo , Betancourt Blas Y , López‐Saura Pedro A ,   Cuban Citoprot‐P Study Group
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in advanced diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) A double‐blind trial was carried out to test two rhEGF dose levels in type 1 or 2 diabetes patients with Wagner’s grade 3 or 4 ulcers, with high risk of amputation. Subjects were randomised to receive 75 (group I) or 25 μg (group II) rhEGF through intralesional injections, three times per week for 5–8 weeks together with standardised good wound care. Endpoints were granulation tissue formation, complete healing and need of amputation. Safety was assessed by clinical adverse events (AEs) and laboratory evaluations. Forty‐one patients were included. After 5–8 weeks of treatment, 83% patients in the higher dose group and 61% in group II achieved useful granulation tissue covering more than 98% of the wound area. At long‐term assessment, 13 (56·5%) patients healed in group I and 9 (50%) in group II. The mean time to complete healing in group I was 20·6 weeks (95% CI: 17·0–24·2) and 19·5 weeks (16·3–22·7) in group II. After 1‐year follow‐up, only one patient relapsed. Amputation was not necessary in 65% and 66·7% of groups I and II, respectively. The AEs rates were similar. The most frequent were sepsis (33%), burning sensation (29%), tremors, chills and local pain (25% each). rhEGF local injection enhances advanced DFU healing and reduces the risk of major amputation. No dose dependency was observed.
Adolescents’ Pain Experiences Following Acute Blunt Traumatic Injury: Struggle for Internal Control
Authors: Crandall Margie , Kools Susan , Miaskowski Christine , Savedra Marilyn 
Published: October 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Although blunt trauma injury is a common cause for adolescent pain, little is known about the experience of pain as perceived by adolescents.DESIGN AND METHOD. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 adolescents following blunt trauma injury. Two age‐appropriate valid measures (i.e., Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool and Temporal Dot Matrix) were incorporated into the interviews to elaborate their pain experiences. Grounded theory method was used to analyze data and build substantive theory.RESULTS. Adolescents’ behavioral and cognitive actions (i.e., “internal control”) to manage and endure pain were influenced by their pain perceptions, physical losses, and clinicians’ actions.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Nurses, family members, and peers have a crucial role in alleviating adolescents’ distress and pain.
Pacifiers: An Update on Use and Misuse
Authors: Marter Abigail , Agruss Janyce Cagan 
Published: October 2007

PURPOSE.  The use of pacifiers is a controversial topic; this article looks at the subject from both a historical and cultural perspective, with a review of current research.CONCLUSIONS.  The use of pacifiers in infants older than 1 month is currently recommended by multiple researchers to prevent sudden infant death syndrome, and is associated with other benefits for premature infants. However, pacifier use has also been associated with higher risk of otitis media.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Knowledge of the most recent evidence will enable providers to communicate appropriate guidelines on pacifier use to families.
Two New Alkamides from Spilanthes callimorpha
Authors: Li Gan‐Peng , Shen Bao‐Chun , Zhao Jing‐Feng , Yang Xiao‐Dong , Li Liang 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Two new alkamides, 8,11‐dihydroxy‐dodeca‐2E,4E,9E‐triensaureisobutylamid (Compound 1) and 7‐hydroxy‐trideca‐2E,8E‐dien‐10,12‐diynoic acid isobutylamide (Compound 2), as well as eight known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Spilanthes callimorpha. The structures of the alkamides were characterized on the basis of their spectral data.
Triterpenoids from the Roots of Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Smith
Authors: Huang Xiang‐Zhong , Liu Yue , Yu Shi‐Shan , Hu You‐Cai , Qu Jing 
Published: October 2007

Abstract A new triterpenoid, 11α‐O‐trans‐p‐coumaroyltaraxerol (1), along with 11 known triterpenoids, taraxerone (2), taraxerol (3), 2α,3β,23,24‐tetrahydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), β‐amyrin (6), 3β,23‐dihydroxylursan‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (7), 2α,3β‐dihydroxyursan‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (8), 2α,3β,23‐trihydroxyursan‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (9), 2α,3β,24‐trihydroxyursan‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (10), ursolic acid (11), and 3‐O‐acetylursolic acid (12), was isolated from Craibiodendron henryi W. W. Smith (Ericaceae). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. Antioxidant activity and vasodilator effect of compound 1 were assessed.
Identification of Soybean Genes Involved in Circadian Clock Mechanism and Photoperiodic Control of Flowering Time by In Silico Analyses
Authors: Quecini Vera , Zucchi Maria I. , Baldin José , Vello Natal A. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Glycine max is a photoperiodic short‐day plant and the practical consequence of the response is latitude and sowing period limitations to commercial crops. Genetic and physiological studies using the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) have uncovered several genes and genetic pathways controlling the process, however information about the corresponding pathways in legumes is scarce. Data mining prediction methodologies, including multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, bioinformatics expression and sequence motif pattern identification, were used to identify soybean genes involved in day length perception and photoperiodic flowering induction. We have investigated approximately 330 000 sequences from open‐access databases and have identified all bona fide central oscillator genes and circadian photoreceptors from A. thaliana in soybean sequence databases. We propose a working model for the photoperiodic control of flowering time in G. max, based on the identified key components. These results demonstrate the power of comparative genomics between model systems and crop species to elucidate the several aspects of plant physiology and metabolism.
Mapping of Defense Response Gene Homologs and Their Association with Resistance Loci in Maize
Authors: Wang Gui‐Xiang , Chen Yu , Zhao Jiu‐Ran , Li Lin , Korban Schuyler S. , Wang Feng‐Ge , Li Jian‐Sheng , Dai Jin‐Rui , Xu Ming‐Liang 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Defense response genes in higher plant species are involved in a variety of signal transduction pathways and biochemical reactions to counterattack invading pathogens. In this study, a total of 366 non‐redundant defense response gene homologs (DRHs), including 124 unigenes/expressed sequence tags, 226 tentative consensuses, and 16 DRH contigs have been identified by mining the Maize Genetics and Genomics and The Institute for Genomic Research maize databases using 35 essential defense response genes. Of 366 DRHs, 202 are mapped to 152 loci across ten maize chromosomes via both the genetic and in silico mapping approaches. The mapped DRHs seem to cluster together rather than be evenly distributed along the maize genome. Approximately half of these DHRs are located in regions harboring either major resistance genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL). Therefore, this comprehensive DRH linkage map will provide reference sequences to identify either positional candidate genes for resistance genes and/or QTLs or to develop makers for fine‐mapping and marker‐assisted selection of resistance genes and/or QTLs.
Seed Dynamics in Relation to Gaps in a Tropical Montane Rainforest of Hainan Island, South China: (I) Seed Rain
Authors: Zang Run‐Guo , Zhang Wei‐Yin , Ding Yi 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Seed dynamics is an important part of stand dynamics in forest ecosystems. In this paper, 26 gaps were randomly selected to study the influence of gaps on the spatial and temporal patterns of seed rains in a tropical montane rainforest of Hainan Island, South China. Three zones for each gap, including outside gap zone (Non‐gap), transitional gap zone (EG‐CG), and central gap zone (CG), were designed, and four seed traps (each 1m × 1m in size) were placed in each zone. Seed rains were collected by these traps every 10 days from June 2001 to May 2002. Seed rain varied greatly with season and generally exhibited a pattern of unimodal change during the study period: seed abundance and species richness were both greater in the wet season than in the dry season. Gaps significantly influenced the temporal patterns of both species richness and density of seed rains. Gaps had no significant influences on the spatial distribution patterns of seed rain species richness, but significantly affected the spatial distribution pattern of seed rain densities. Among the three different zones of gaps, the outside gap zone generally received more seeds inputs than the two other gap zones.