bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the generation of force required for cell and bacteria motility
Authors: Salvadori Alberto , Bonanno Claudia , Serpelloni Mattia , McMeeking Robert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The fundamental quest of how forces are generated in a motile cell, a lamellipodium, and a comet tail is the subject this note. It is now well established that cellular motility is the result of the polymerization of actin, the most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells, into an interconnected set of filaments. We portray this process in a continuum mechanics framework, claiming that polymerization promotes a mechanical swelling in a narrow zone about the nucleation loci, which ultimately results in cellular or bacterial motility. To this aim, a new paradigm in continuum multi-physics has been designed departing the well-known theory of Larche-Cahn chemo-transport-mechanics. In this note, we set up the theory of network growth and compare the outcomes of numerical simulations with experimental evidence.
Dual Beam Scanning Antenna Using Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Transmission Line
Authors: Eltresy Nermeen A. , Zamel Hany M. , Attiya Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This paper presents dual beam scanning (DBS) antenna fed by two different spoof surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPPs) transmission lines. Three rows of circular patches are placed on the two different planar SSPPs waveguide of the antenna. Whereas, the SSPP guided waves are converted into radiated waves by these patches. By using different shapes of unit cell different cut-off frequencies for the SSPP are generated. Consequently, two different propagation constants are obtained using the dispersion nature of SSPPs transmission line which leads to dual beam scanning feature of the proposed antenna. Two different simulation tools of CST and HFSS are used to simulate the antenna over the operating frequency band from 1 GHz to 6 GHz. The measured scanning angle of the first beam covers 35° and 33°, while covers 45° and 29° for the second beam, with maximum measured gain of 9.42 dBi for port 1 and 9.65 dBi for port 3, which makes. This flexibility allows for easier and more cost-effective deployment of 5G networks, as well as the potential for innovative use cases such as smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), and autonomous vehicles.
Metallic Conduction and Large Orbital Polarization in Ultrathin LaNiO3 Sublayer Achieved by Modulating Oxygen Octahedron Rotation in LaNiO3/CaTiO3 Superlattices
Authors: Sun Jirong , Shi Wenxiao , Zhang Jing , Yu Bowen , Zheng Jie , Wang Mengqin , Li Zhe , Liu Bang-Gui , Chen Yunzhong , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Chen Yuansha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Artificial oxide heterostructures have provided promising platforms for the exploration of emergent quantum phases with extraordinary properties. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach to stabilize a distinct oxygen octahedron rotation (OOR) characterized by a-b-c+ in the ultrathin LaNiO3 sublayers of the LaNiO3/CaTiO3 superlattices. Unlike the a-b-c- OOR in the LaNiO3 bare film, the a-b-c+ OOR favors high conductivity, driving the LaNiO3 sublayer to metallic state even when the layer thickness is as thin as 2 unit cells (u.c.). Simultaneously, strongly preferred occupation of dx2-y2 orbital is achieved in LaNiO3 sublayers. The largest change of occupancy is as high as 35%, observed in the 2 u.c.-thick LaNiO3 sublayers sandwiched between 4 u.c.-thick CaTiO3 sublayers. X-ray absorption spectra indicate that the a-b-c+ OOR pattern of LaNiO3 achieved in the LaNiO3/CaTiO3 heterostructures has significantly enhanced the Ni-3d/O-2p hybridization, stabilizing the metallic phase in ultrathin LaNiO3 sublayers. The present work demonstrates that modulating the mode of OOR through heteroepitaxial synthesis can modify the orbital-lattice correlations in correlated perovskite oxides, revealing hidden properties of the materials.
Detection and spread of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis among small holder farmers in Kalangala district, Uganda
Authors: Amugoli Otuba Moses , Masika Fred Bwayo , Ramathani Idd , Lugwana Nampera Esther , Osingida Francis , Asiimwe Alex , Ddamulira Gabriel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fusarium wilt of oil palm is the most devastating disease of oil palm in Africa. It’s caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, a soil borne pathogen that spreads through root contact, movement of infested soil, farm tools and plant materials. In Uganda, symptomatic palms were first observed in late 2018 in Kalangala. A study was conducted to confirm the disease and to monitor the trend of the disease in different production blocks in Kalangala. Plots of 100*100 m with typical Fusarium wilt symptomatic palms were selected for the study. Data on severity and percentage incidence was collected periodically from the marked plots. Stem, frond, root and soil from the marked plots was collected for pathogen analysis. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis was confirmed as the cause of wilts in Kalangala. After a period of 39 months, the periodic percentage incidence and average severity showed that Kagulube block was worst affected with an average severity score of 3.2 and percentage incidence of 8.5%. The soils in Kagulube were typically sandy (over 80% sand and less that 13% clay) compared to other areas (below 80% sand and over 20% clay). Sandy soils have poor nutrient retention capacity and are easily washed away under poor soil cover accelerating spread of the disease in the affected areas. The occurrence of Fusarium wilt of oil palm in Kalangala poses a threat to the growing oil palm industry in Uganda. With research in its initial stages, comprehensive testing of imported oil palm varieties for resistance to the local strains of Fusarium wilt before wide scale planting and adoption of best agronomic practices can offer a sustainable solution to Fusarium wilt in Uganda.
Increasing Trends of Laparoscopic Procedures in Non-obstetric Surgery during Pregnancy Over 17 Years at a Single Center
Authors: Na Eun Duc , Roh Minji , Baek Min Jung , Ahn Eun Hee , Jung Sang Hee , Jang Ji Hyon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to examine the conditions that require surgery during pregnancy, how surgical methods change, and the characteristics of surgery by different trimesters.
Methods and Materials
A retrospective study conducted at Bundang Cha Hospital between January 2006 and June 2023 analyzed surgeries performed during pregnancy and compared laparoscopic and open approaches across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Additionally, general (appendicitis, cholecystitis) and gynecologic (heterotopic pregnancy, adnexal torsion) cases were compared.
Results
Among 36,181 delivery patients, 101(0.28%) underwent surgeries, including appendicitis (44.6%), cholecystitis (1.9%), heterotopic pregnancy (23.8 %), adnexal torsion (27.7%), and cancer (1.9 %). The laparoscopic group showed shorter operative time (41.5±19.3 vs. 57.9±33.9 min, p=0.009) and hospital stay (4.9±2.7 vs. 9.0±9.8 days, p=0.016). Heterotopic pregnancy (47.1%) and adnexal torsion (39.2%) were common in the first trimester, whereas appendicitis peaked in the second (80%) and third trimesters (66.7%).
With the increasing use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), there has been an increase in the number of gynecological patients in the first trimester, leading to more laparoscopic surgeries. In general surgery, an increase in laparoscopic surgery was also observed in the second and third trimesters. Postoperative tocolysis was more frequent (51.1% vs. 3.8%, p<0.001) and of longer duration (4.6±8.8 vs. 0.1±0.6 days, p=0.001) after general surgical procedures.
Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy offers several advantages, and the increase in ART has led to an increase in the number of laparoscopic procedures. Moreover, there is an increasing trend in laparoscopic surgery during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.
Understanding the Land Use Dynamics and Environmental Impacts of Urbanization in Thimphu, Bhutan: A Satellite-Based Analysis
Authors: Chhetri Indra Bahadur , Gyeltshen Sangay , Dema Kelzang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The ability of the land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to examine land surface change is regarded as an important climate variable. However, no significant systematic examination of urbanization concerning environmental variables has been undertaken in the narrow valley of Thimphu, Bhutan. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics on LST, NDVI, and elevation; using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data collected in Thimphu, Bhutan, from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that LSTs varied substantially among different land use types, with the highest occurring in built-up areas and the lowest occurring in forests. There was a strong negative linear correlation between the LST and NDVI in built-up areas, indicating the impact of anthropogenic activities. Moreover, elevation had a noticeable effect on the LST and NDVI, which exhibited very strong opposite patterns at lower elevations. In summary, LULC dynamics significantly influence LST and NDVI, highlighting the importance of understanding spatiotemporal patterns and their effects on ecological processes for effective land management and environmental conservation. Moreover, this study also demonstrated the applicability of relatively low-cost, moderate spatial resolution satellite imagery for examining the impact of urban development on the urban environment in Thimphu city.
Quantitative study of early-stage transient bacterial adhesion to bioactive glass and glass ceramics: Atomic Force Microscopic observations
Authors: Gour Shivani , Mukherjee Abhijit , Balani Kantesh , Dhami Navdeep K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Antimicrobial potential of bioactive glass (BAG) makes it promising for implant applications, specifically overcoming the toxicity speculation associated with traditional antibacterial nanoparticles. The 58S composition of BAG (with high Ca and absence of Na) has been known to exhibit excellent bioactivity and antibacterial behaviour, but the mechanisms behind have not been investigated in detail. In this first of a kind study, we are using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to gain insights into 58S BAG’s adhesive interactions with planktonic cells of both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria; along with the impact of crystallinity on antibacterial properties. We have recorded greater bacterial inhibition by amorphous BAG compared to semi-crystalline glass-ceramics and stronger effect against gram-negative bacteria via conventional long-term antibacterial tests. AFM force distance results data has illustrated substantial bonding between bacteria and BAG within the initial one second (observed at a gap of 250 ms) of contact, with multiple binding events. Further, stronger adhesion of BAG with E.coli (~6 nN) compared to S. aureus (~3 nN) has been found which can be attributed to more adhesive nano-domains (size effect) distributed uniformly on E.coli surface. This study has revealed direct evidence of impact of contact time and 58S BAG’s crystalline phase on bacterial adhesion and antimicrobial behaviour. Current study has successfully demonstrated the mode and mechanisms of initial bacterial adhesion with 58S BAG. The outcome can pave the way towards improving the designing of implant surfaces for a range of biomedical applications.
Quantum Transport through a Constriction in Nanosheet Gate-all-around Transistor
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yeon , Park Hong-Hyun , Jin Seonghoon , Park Soo-Young , Kwon Uihui , Choi Woosung , Kim Dae Sin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In nanoscale transistors, quantum mechanical effects such as tunneling and quantization significantly influence device characteristics. However, large-scale quantum transport simulation still remains a challenging field, making it difficult to account for quantum mechanical effects arising from the complex device geometries. Here we report the “quantum access resistance (QAR)” at the constriction as a hidden key bottleneck of the gate-all-around (GAA) transistors. Based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism, we observe strong carrier reflection at the junction of bulk source/drain (S/D) and nanosheet (NS) channel, which substantially degrades the device performance. Various scenarios for the device shape, scattering rate, and doping profile demonstrate the peculiar device operations. We also evaluate the QAR in the realistic stacked NS GAAFETs with highly-parallelized 2/2.5 dimensional simulation. It is revealed that the complex geometrical effects result in several unusual phenomena and unique device optimization strategies. We propose that the dog-bone-shaped NS extension, with moderate contact depth, can maximize the carrier injection and device performance. As our results yield reliable on-current compared to the hardware data, full quantum simulation is readily applicable to the realistic device optimization, shifting the paradigm in design of future technology nodes.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor priming improves egg and embryo quality in patients with poor ovarian reserve: a retrospective case study
Authors: Zeng Xianghui , Liang Zhongzhen , Wang Fang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration increased ovarian preantral follicles in animal models with diminished ovarian reserve. We retrospectively investigated whether G-CSF priming on superovulation initiation day with assisted reproductive technology (ART) improved egg maturation and embryonic development in patients with poor ovarian reserve.
Methods
In this retrospective clinical case study, 174 patients aged 20 to 45 years were divided into a test group(40 patients each) and a control group (134 patients each) based on whether or not they used G-CSF. All patients in the priming group but not the control group received subcutaneous G-CSF priming injection on superovulation initiation day. Then, each group underwent 1 cycle of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI), because all groups adopted PPOS protocol, which required freezing of all transferable embryos, and thawing embryos for transfer.
Results
Before propensity score matching, there were statistically significant differences in number of 2PN(6.4 ± 3.74 vs4.3 ± 2.44, P = 0.001), number of eggs retrievals(8.3 ± 4.16 vs 6.0 ± 3.26,P = 0.003), number of total fertilization(7.1 ± 3.69 vs 4.8 ± 2.54,P = 0), number of transferable embryos(6.6 ± 3.74 vs 4.3 ± 2.39,P = 0) and number of cleavage(7.1 ± 3.75 vs 4.6 ± 2.44,P = 0) were significantly improved by priming. After the propensity score matching(1:1),There were statistically significant differences in number of MII (4.9 ± 5.15 vs 6.4 ± 2.77 P = 0).The number of 2PN (5.9 ± 3.55 vs 4.6 ± 2.22,P = 0.1), number of eggs retrievals(7.9 ± 4.17 vs 6.6 ± 2.77,P = 0.3), number of total fertilization(6.9 ± 3.57 vs 5.3 ± 2.39, P = 0.1), number of transferable embryos(6.3 ± 3.58 vs 4.8 ± 1.92,P = 0.1) and number of cleavage(6.8 ± 3.64 vs 5.1 ± 2.24,P = 0.1) tended to be higher in 33 G-CSF patients than in 33 controls, although statistical significance was not attained respectively. After matching propensity scores(1:2),there were statistically significant differences in number of transferable embryos(6.4 ± 3.62 vs 4.8 ± 2.49,P = 0.045), were significantly improved by priming. The number of 2PN (5.9 ± 3.60 vs 4.8 ± 2.77, P = 0.17), number of eggs retrievals (8.0 ± 4.30 vs 6.9 ± 3.64, P = 0.285), number of total fertilization (6.9 ± 3.64 vs 5.5 ± 2.84, P = 0.087), and number of cleavage (6.8 ± 3.71 vs 5.3 ± 2.73, P = 0.08) tended to be higher in 31 G-CSF patients than in 52 controls, although statistical significance was not attained respectively. In addition, the G-CSF patients achieved more cryopreservation of transplantable embryos than the control group.
Conclusion
The administration of G-CSF during Superovulation day of ART cycle can improve embryonic development potential of patients with poor ovarian reserve, with a view to improving future clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates.
Analysis and application of pulsed aerator
Authors: chen duo , wu Ruijun , hu Changxin , wang Shibo , zhang zhen , yuan xin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the application of hollow fiber membranes, in order to slow down the accumulation of pollutants on the surface of hollow fiber membranes, the aeration is usually used as an auxiliary in the operation of hollow fiber membranes. The application of aeration will increase the energy consumption of the treatment system for wastewater filtered using hollow fiber membranes, and the energy consumption of the treatment system for wastewater filtered using hollow fiber membranes is mainly reflected in the energy consumed by the working pump and blower. In order to reduce the energy consumption without affecting the amount of water strained by sewage treatment, a low-energy auxiliary aerator is required. The new auxiliary pulsed aerator is mainly to reduce the energy consumed by the blower, which can not only ensure the use of hollow fiber membranes, but also save energy and reduce consumption.
Optimization of Low-Temperature Catalytic Cracking of Polyolefin Waste in Open-Batch Reactors Using Zeolite Beta with Controlled Intrinsic Properties
Authors: Kang Jong Hun , Kang Hankyeul , Yoon Junghwa , Kang Ki Hyuk , Ro Insoo , Jeong Soohwa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Environmental problems are worsening due to the complexity in managing plastic waste. Chemical recycling emerges as a pivotal technology that can suppress additional carbon introduction into the carbon cycle and provide petroleum alternatives for current petrochemical processes, leading to value-added products. The utilization of zeolites can significantly reduce energy consumption by lowering the operation temperature required for pyrolysis. Here, we demonstrate low-temperature catalytic cracking of polyethylene (PE) utilizing an open-batch reactor configuration and *BEA-type zeolite catalysts, maximizing the liquid product selectivity. With the optimized open-batch setup and zeolite properties, high PE conversion (~ 80%) and liquid selectivity (~ 70%) were achieved at a low temperature of 330°C, effectively reducing the irreversible coke formation. We systematically explored the effects of aluminum (Al) site density and zeolite crystal size, revealing that zeolite crystal size is another critical factor determining the liquid production from PE due to its reactant shape selectivity. This work not only demonstrates that an effective combination and optimization of reactor and catalysts can enhance the overall catalytic activity but also offers insights into designing catalysis systems for the catalytic recycling of polyolefin wastes.
Meta-analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in mainland China
Authors: Guo Li , Liu QingWei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Systematic review of the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in mainland China.
Study design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
This study used computers to search multiple databases and include relevant literature. The search time limit was from January 1, 2013 to September 10, 2023. The cross-sectional study quality evaluation standards of the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) were used to evaluate included The quality of the literature was evaluated, and Stata16.0 software was used for Meta analysis.
PROSPERO registration numbe
CRD42023489155
Where did they go? Understanding the effects of urbanization on bird diversity in a Brazilian coastal city
Authors: Penteado Homero Marconi , Barcelos Beatriz Mourão , Dario Fabio Rossano , Assis Julia Camara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urbanization is recognized as an important cause of biodiversity loss. Urban areas present reduced number of bird species if compared to non-urban more pristine areas nearby. The goal of this research is to help improving the diversity of birds in urban areas by investigating why an urban area in the coast of Brazil sustains a small fraction of the species that could occur in the region. We conducted observations during two years in Serra, Brazil, resulting in the identification of 27 bird species visiting a residential garden. Studies in the region have reported 275 species. We used GIS maps and aerial photos to analyse the landscape, then discussed that numeric discrepancy and the possible reasons for the reduced diversity, contrasting it to the resources available in that landscape. Recent urbanization is likely to be a major cause of the low diversity, but the study area has been subject of change from the original ombrophilous dense forest to agriculture and pasture before the consolidation of the current urban land uses. Albeit the landscape is highly fragmented, diverse landcover types have recovered in recent decades, creating a mosaic of small isolated patches of forest, mangrove and restinga, the three major ecosystems in the region. We expect that our findings create a foundation for further exploration of measures and policies for implementing greenspace within cities that help reverting the current status and improving the diversity of birds in tropical cities.
Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Networks for Groundwater Data
Authors: Taccari Maria Luisa , Wang He , Nuttall Jonathan , Chen Xiaohui , Jimack Peter K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel application of spatial-temporal graph neural networks (ST-GNNs) to predict groundwater levels. Groundwater level prediction is inherently complex, influenced by various hydrological, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors. Traditional prediction models often struggle with the nonlinearity and non-stationary characteristics of groundwater data. Our study leverages the capabilities of ST-GNNs to address these challenges in the Overbetuwe area, Netherlands.
We utilize a comprehensive dataset encompassing 395 groundwater level time series and auxiliary data such as precipitation, evaporation, river stages, and pumping well data. The graph-based framework of our ST-GNN model facilitates the integration of spatial interconnectivity and temporal dynamics, capturing the complex interactions within the groundwater system. Our modified Multivariate Time Graph Neural Network model shows significant improvements over traditional methods, particularly in handling missing data and forecasting future groundwater levels with minimal bias. The model's performance is rigorously evaluated when trained and applied with both synthetic and measured data, demonstrating superior accuracy and robustness in long-term forecasting. The study's findings highlight the potential of ST-GNNs in environmental modeling, offering a significant step forward in predictive modeling of groundwater levels.