bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving multidisciplinary management of patients living with obesity: The evaluation of seated bioimpedance measures and relationship to functional performance following targeted intervention
Authors: Ryan Elizabeth , MacLaughlin Helen , Hay Robin , Cawte Andrea , Naumann Leonie , Woodruff Gemma , Cottrell Michelle , Window Peter 
Published: March 2024

SummaryManagement of obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach including physical activity interventions, which have significant impacts on overall health outcomes. Greater levels of lean muscle mass are significantly associated with improved health and reduced risk of comorbidities and should be preserved where possible when undertaking rapid weight loss. This article reports on the physical and functional outcomes achieved during a 12‐week intensive multidisciplinary intervention targeting obesity and evaluates correlations between body composition and functional outcomes. We additionally aimed to investigate the test–retest reliability and levels of agreement in body composition measurements using bioimpedance spectroscopy between seated and standing positions. Of the 35 participants included in analysis, significant differences were observed between baseline and post‐intervention measures. These included weight loss of 12.6 kg, waist circumference reduction of 10.5 cm, fat mass reduction by 2.9%, muscle mass increase by 1.6%, 54.5 m improvement in the 6‐minute walk test and 3.8 rep improvement in the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand test. No significant correlations were observed between physical and functional outcome measures. Excellent test re‐test reliability was observed in bioimpedance spectroscopy seated measurements (ICC >.9). Significant differences were observed between seated and standing bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements, however they are regarded as small differences in a clinical setting.
Enriching Thinking Through Discourse
Authors: Kuhn Deanna , Bruun Sybille , Geithner Caroline 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGreat effort is invested in identifying ways to change people's minds on an issue. A first priority should perhaps be enriching their thinking about the issue. With a goal of enriching their thinking, we studied the views of community adults on the DACA issue—young adults who entered the United States illegally as children. A dialogic method was employed, offering dual benefits in providing participants the opportunity to further develop their own ideas and to consider differing ideas. Yet, participants engaged in dialog only vicariously by observing the talk of a pair of actors who held opposing positions on DACA. The effect on participants’ thinking was greatest in the condition in which they viewed a dialog between the two actors, rather than a comparison condition in which the actors individually expressed their positions. In control conditions, no presentation was observed. Probing questions included in all conditions encouraged a participant to examine and clarify for themselves their own position, potentially enriching it. This condition proved unsuccessful in enriching thinking; participants’ justifications for their own positions in fact became simpler and less qualified. In contrast, observing a video of a like‐minded and opposing other did enrich observers’ thinking, yet to a greater degree in the dialogic than nondialogic condition. The findings thus suggest observed dialog as a promising practical approach in promoting deeper thinking.
Does lung procurement and exposure to Perfadex impact heart transplantation outcomes
Authors: Blitzer David , Baran David A. , Lirette Seth , Copeland Hannah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionSome studies have shown increased incidence of Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) after heart and lung procurement for heart transplant recipients. There have been limited investigations of the impact of lung procurement on heart procurement and the potential effects of the exposure to the type of lung preservation solution, the volume of the lung preservation solution and adequacy of decompression of the heart during heart and lung procurement and the impact on heart transplant outcomes.MethodsAdult heart transplant recipients in the UNOS database recorded from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2022 formed the study cohort. Any heart that was procured with a lung team that utilized Perfadex preservation solution (XVIVO, Gothenburg, Sweden) was classified as exposed to Perfadex and otherwise classified as not exposed to Perfadex. Lung procurements performed with a preservation solution other than Perfadex or unknown were excluded (n = 2486). Simple comparisons were made with t‐tests or chi‐squared tests. Logistic regression models were used to predict 30 day and 1 year survival. Accelerated failure time models were employed to analyze time to death and time to rejection.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 34 192 heart transplants, of which 21 928 donors were not exposed to Perfadex (64.1%). There were statistically, but not clinically, significant differences in donor characteristics for these groups including in donor age (33.34 ± 11.01 not exposed vs. 30.70 ± 10.69 exposed; p < .001), diabetic donor (4% not exposed vs. 3% exposed; p = .004), and ischemic time (3.28 ± 1.09 h not exposed vs. 3.24 ± 1.05 h exposed; p = .002). In adjusted models, for all included donors, Perfadex exposure was associated with increased short term mortality, but no long term difference (1 year mortality OR 1.10, p = .014).ConclusionPerfadex exposure was associated with increased short‐term mortality for heart transplant recipients. Mechanistic investigation is warranted.
Judicial approaches to science and the procedural legitimacy of climate rulings: Comparative insights from the Netherlands and Germany
Authors: de Augustinis Juliana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores how judicial approaches to science relate to the procedural legitimacy of rulings in cases where the plaintiffs seek a change in a government's overall climate policy. It reviews challenges in court interaction with climate science and compares two prominent cases: Urgenda v. The State of the Netherlands and Neubauer et al. v. Germany. The selected lawsuits yield comparative interest in aiming for changes in national climate policies and emission mitigation targets, involving the same kind of evidence (Assessment Reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) but resulting in partially opposing decisions. The analysis reveals that scientific inputs informed courts about climate change risks and mitigation measures. It also suggests that differing approaches to scientific reports influenced contrasting decisions regarding mitigation targets. Finally, it provides insights into how engagement with evidence might impact judgments' legitimacy from a procedural perspective.
CEO overcaution and capital structure choices
Authors: Rocciolo Francesco , Gheno Andrea , Brooks Chris 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper develops and empirically tests a new version of the trade‐off theory of corporate capital structure choices that accounts for CEOs' biased beliefs, with a focus on overcaution. We characterize the bias as a distortion of expected rates of return on equity and debt that, for Overcautious CEOs, are overestimated compared to a rational CEO. The theory shows that if CEOs have higher bias in equity, than in debt‐value estimation, overcautious CEOs will choose lower levels of debt compared to rational CEOs, and, if the degree of overcaution is sufficiently high, they will adopt a zero‐leverage policy.
The impact of grip strength, waist circumference, and body mass index on Hemoglobin A1c value: Cross‐sectional study using outpatient clinical data in Japanese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nakanishi Shuhei , Shimoda Masashi , Kimura Tomohiko , Katakura Yukino , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Iwamoto Yuichiro , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AimGrip strength (GS) as a surrogate for muscular strength, waist circumference (WC) as a surrogate marker of visceral fat, and body mass index (BMI) as a surrogate marker of obesity should also be considered markers for the management of risks associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in terms of the management of T2DM in elderly patients, the accentuated heterogeneity of sarcopenic change might modify the associations between those factors and glycemic control. In this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to clarify the impact of GS, WC, and BMI on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in elderly Japanese patients with T2DM.MethodsGS, WC, and BMI were measured in 327 patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) were investigated to analyze the three variables as numerical values by dividing them into tertiles. All results were expressed after adjustment was made for the confounders of age, sex, and number of diabetes medications being used by the study participants.ResultsThe ORs of GS, WC, and BMI for well‐controlled HbA1c were 1.056 (95% CI, 1.016–1.098), 0.986 (95% CI, 0.960–1.013), and 1.032 (95% CI, 0.959–1.111), respectively. The OR of 3.726 (95% CI, 1.831–7.581) in the high tertile for GS was significantly higher than the OR in the low tertile, and no differences were observed among the tertiles for WC and BMI.ConclusionsBased on that result, GS was found to have more potential as an effective marker of glycemic control than WC or BMI among elderly Japanese patients with T2DM. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 410–414.
Evaluation of the efficacy of inter‐dental brush and dental floss for peri‐implant mucositis: A crossover randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bevilacqua Lorenzo , Lorenzon Maria Giulia , Bjedov Marianna , Costantinides Fulvia , Angerame Daniele , Maglione Michele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the most effective method for mechanical inter‐dental plaque removal between inter‐dental brushes (IDB) and dental floss (DF), in addition to toothbrushing in patients affected by peri‐implant mucositis (PIM); to identify possible factors related to the patient or to the single implant‐supported element that could influence plaque accumulation and inflammation of peri‐implant tissues.MethodsForty patients with PIM were recruited. They were randomly assigned to two different groups depending on inter‐dental device used (IDB or DF).At baseline (T0), interproximal area (IA), interproximal emergence angle of the implant crown (A°) and manual dexterity (evaluated with Purdue Pegboard) have been recorded. At 14 days (T1), the inter‐dental cleaning devices have been inverted between groups. After 14 days (T2), the Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) have been recorded. A questionnaire has been submitted to a patient for the analysis of preferences at T0, T1 and T2.ResultsBoth inter‐dental cleaning devices were effective in reducing PI and GI in the inter‐dental area after 14 days of use. GI reduction was influenced by manual dexterity of the dominant hand. No significant differences were found for PI and GI at the variation of IA and A°.ConclusionIDB was the most effective method for inter‐dental plaque removal in all subjects regardless of their manual dexterity. DF seems to be more effective than IDB only in subjects with good dexterity.
Oral health with focus on dental fear and dental caries in Swedish preschool child populations attending public dental health care: Trends over 30 years
Authors: Nydell Helkimo Anna , Rolander Bo , Koch Göran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo study changes in oral health with focus on reported dental fear prevalence and interrelationships between dental fear and prevalence of dental caries and performed restorative dental treatment in preschool child populations attending regular public dental health care between 1983 and 2013.MethodsEvery 10 years, random samples of about 100 children aged 3 and 5 years, respectively, took part in cross‐sectional studies based on oral examination and a questionnaire. One question, put to the child and answered by the parent, mirrored dental fear: “What do you feel at the prospect of an appointment with a dentist?”. Agreement to at least one of three alternatives, ill at ease, frightened and sick, indicated dental fear. Frightened and/or sick mirrored severe dental fear. 79%–94% of the samples answered the question and constituted the study group. Prevalence of caries and number of filled tooth surfaces were recorded. Dental parameters were presented in mean values.ResultsDuring the 30 years, dental fear prevalence was fairly constant. 21% of 3‐year‐olds and 15% of 5‐year‐olds reported dental fear in 2013. Positive relationships between dental fear prevalence and caries prevalence and number of filled tooth surfaces were found. Dental caries was reduced during the study time, but to a lesser degree in children with dental fear compared to children without dental fear.ConclusionsAlthough children were offered public dental health care, the prevalence of dental fear remained high. Children with dental fear are caries risk individuals.
Perceived burdens of interacting with public authorities: How does it influence citizens' state‐encounter behavior?
Authors: Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann , Nielsen Helle Ørsted 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMuch research has shown that implementation behavior of frontline workers and the outcomes of public policies depend on encounters between frontline workers and citizens. However, relatively little is known about the agency of citizens in these encounters. This paper focuses on administrative burdens and psychological responses to stress as possible determinants of citizens' encounter behavior—defined as “behavioral efforts citizens employ during and in preparing for interaction with public authorities in order to master the demands of the public encounter.” Combining a framework categorizing citizens' state‐encounter behavior and theory about administrative burdens, we ask whether citizens' behavior reflects their perceptions of administrative burdens, and whether learning, psychological and compliance burdens prompt different encounter behaviors? We use data from surveys among a representative sample of 1460 Danish citizens regarding encounters with tax and home care authorities. We find that perceived administrative burdens affect citizens' behavior, but contrary to expectations, we do not find that burdens discourage citizens from engaging with authorities. Higher perceived burdens tend to prompt activist behavior. Moreover, different types of burdens affect behaviors differently.
Effects of implant placement timing and type of soft‐tissue grafting on histological and histomorphometric outcomes in a preclinical canine model
Authors: Lim Hyun‐Chang , Lee Kwang‐Seok , Shin Seung‐Yun , Jung Ronald E. , Jung Ui‐Won , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of implant timing and type of soft‐tissue grafting on histological and histomorphometric outcomes in a preclinical model.Materials and MethodsFour implant placement protocols were randomly applied at the mesial root sites of the third and fourth mandibular premolars in 10 mongrel dogs: immediate placement (group IP), early placement (group EP), delayed placement with/without alveolar ridge preservation (groups ARP and DP, respectively). A connective‐tissue graft (CTG) or porcine‐derived volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) was applied to enhance the ridge profile (simultaneously with implant placement in group IP and staged for others), resulting in five sites for each combination. All dogs were sacrificed 3 months after soft‐tissue grafting. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed, and the data were analysed descriptively.ResultsCTG and VCMX were difficult to differentiate from the augmented area. The median total tissue thickness on the buccal aspect of the implant was largest in group IP/CTG (between 2.78 and 3.87 mm). The soft‐tissue thickness was generally favourable with CTG at all implant placement timings. Within the DP groups, CTG yielded statistically significantly larger total and soft‐tissue thickness than VCMX (p < .05). Among the groups with VCMX, group EP/VCMX showed the largest soft‐tissue thickness at apical levels to the implant shoulder.ConclusionsCTG generally led to greater tissue thickness than VCMX.
Community paramedicine in dementia care
Authors: Parsons Colby , Escobar Christian , Jasani Amy , Zhao Duzhi , Gliatto Peter , Blutinger Erik , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNovel hospital diversion strategies are needed to support a growing number of patients with dementia living in the community. One promising model is community paramedicine (CP), which deploys paramedics to the home, who consult with a physician to coordinate treatment and assess disposition. While evidence suggests CP can manage many patients without escalation to the emergency department (ED), no studies have evaluated optimal CP utilization for patients with dementia. Therefore, we compare the use and outcomes of CP for homebound patients with and without dementia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examines 251 homebound patients receiving home‐based primary care, who utilized a physician‐led CP service between March 2017 and May 2022. Linked electronic health record data included patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and CP encounter details. Dementia status and CP outcomes, including rates of ED transport, over‐transport (i.e., transported, but not hospitalized), and under‐transport (i.e., not transported, but ED visit within 3 days), were determined via chart review. Using logistic regression, we modeled the association of dementia status with over‐ and under‐transport, adjusting for age, sex, and chief complaint.ResultsFifty‐three percent of CP patients had dementia. Their most common chief complaints were dyspnea (24.3%), altered mental status (17.9%), and generalized weakness (9.8%). We found no significant difference in ED transport rates by dementia status (25.4 vs. 22.8%, p = 0.54). Dementia diagnosis was associated with lower rates of over‐transport (OR = 0.21, p = 0.03, CI [0.05, 0.85]) and comparable rates of under‐transport (OR = 0.70, p = 0.47, CI [0.27, 1.83]) in adjusted models.ConclusionsCP has effectively managed a diverse population of homebound patients with dementia cared for via home‐based primary care. Future work should examine potential cost savings and use of CP in dementia care across geographic and healthcare settings.
Microscopic investigation of the optical and morphological properties of iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibres using computed tomography technique
Authors: El‐Bakary Mohammed A. , Sokkar Taha Z. N. , Al‐Kalali Naef. A. , Raslan Mohammed I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, the optical and structural properties of iPP/TiO2 nanocomposite fibres, considering three distinct extrusion speeds (25, 50 and 78 m/min) in addition to blank isotactic polypropylene samples were determined. Employing computed tomographic scans, localised optical defects in the nanocomposite fibres are unveiled, while refractive indices are examined by analysing transmitted intensity with incident light vibrating parallel and perpendicular to the fibre axis. The internal structure is further characterised through birefringence and density calculations. Mechanical properties, specifically stiffness, are probed by measuring elastic modulus values along the fibre. The investigation extends to the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the isotactic polypropylene matrix, inspecting their influence on the uniform morphology along and across the fibre. While the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles has many advantages, including enhanced properties, the study shows adverse effects on the morphological integrity of the fibres, particularly at higher extrusion rates. Micrographs are included to visually illustrate these findings, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex interaction between extrusion rates, TiO2 nanoparticle incorporation, and the resulting optical and structural properties in iPP fibres.
A Modified Arthroscopic Triple‐row Repair Technique for L‐shaped Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Fang Yushun , Zhang Shaohua , Xiong Jun , Zhang Qingsong 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical outcomes of a modified arthroscopic triple‐row (TR) repair technique with the suture bridge (SB) repair technique in treating L‐shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears. Various surgical techniques for L‐shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears have been reported, many of which aid in increasing the contact area and pressure of the rotator cuff. However, there is still debate over which technique yields superior results.MethodsFrom January 2017 to March 2020, 61 cases of L‐shaped delaminated rotator cuff tears were included in this study. Of these, 34 cases underwent the modified arthroscopic triple‐row repair technique, while 27 cases were addressed with the suture bridge repair technique. Functional assessment was conducted using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, the Constant score (CS), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) assessments for rotator cuff healing were performed at the 24‐month postoperative mark. Statistical evaluations were conducted using SPSS for Windows (Version 25.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), employing the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test to compare preoperative and postoperative data and ROM differences, and the Mann–WhitneyUtest for statistical differences in clinical outcome scores between the two groups. Ap‐value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsComparative analysis of the preoperative and final follow‐up scores revealed a substantial enhancement in shoulder function, as indicated by the ASES, UCLA, CS, and VAS scores, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). At both the preoperative stage and final follow‐up, no notable differences were observed in ASES, UCLA, CS, and VAS scores between the two groups. However, the TR repair group exhibited lower VAS scores than the SB group at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Active range of motion (ROM) showed significant improvement in both groups. No significant differences in ROM were noted between the two groups either before the surgery or at the final follow‐up.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that both the modified arthroscopic TR and SB techniques for L‐shaped delaminated cuff tears yield satisfactory outcomes, with no significant differences in overall clinical performance. Notably, early postoperative pain management appears more effective with the modified TR technique, suggesting its potential for enhanced early recovery experiences. This technique's design, promoting securer fixation and optimal contact conditions, is implied to facilitate superior long‐term healing, warranting further investigation into its long‐term benefits.