bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of high‐density polyethylene/expanded graphite conducting masterbatch
Authors: Li Yuchao , Wu Dajun , Chen Guohua 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh level of expanded graphite (EG) was melt‐blended with high‐density polyethylene to prepare electrical conducting masterbatch. Some factors such as processing temperature, EG contents, treating time were discussed for the effect on electrical and mechanical properties of composites. Results showed that EG tends to reunite while the content of EG is higher than 60% because of the large aspect ratio and surface area of EG nanosheets. In addition, increasing processing temperature and mixing time appropriately could enhance the dispersion of EG, leading to improvement in electrical and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were used as an assistant analysis to study the microstructure of composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Curing of silylated polyurethane with BF3‐monoethylamine complex as moisture‐curable adhesives and their properties
Authors: Nomura Yukihiro , Sato Shinichi , Mori Hideharu , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBoron trifluoride monoethylamine complex (BF3‐MEA) was evaluated as one of the curing catalyst, for the moisture‐curable adhesive based on the polyurethane end‐capped with trimethoxysilane (silylated polyurethane). BF3‐MEA worked as the catalyst of condensation reaction of trimethoxysilyl groups in silylated polyurethane to give the corresponding networked polymer. The curing speed, the bond strength, and the heat resistance of the crosslinked adhesives with BF3‐MEA were compared with dibutyltin dimethoxide. It was found that BF3‐MEA was a good curing catalyst, which showed the same performance in the bond strength and remarkable advantages in the curing speed and the heat resistance, compared with organotin compound. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Multijet electrospinning of conducting nanofibers from microfluidic manifolds
Authors: Srivastava Yasmin , Marquez Manuel , Thorsen Todd 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present a method for the electrospinning of conducting polymeric composite nanofibers using a poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)‐based microfluidic device. To scale‐up the process and spin multicomponent systems, we designed a unique multi‐spinnerette electrospinning device using microchannels cast in PDMS. Nanofibers of poly (vinylpyrrolidone) and its composite with polypyrrole were successfully prepared using one‐step and two‐step microfluidic electrospinning. The effect of processing variables on the morphology of the nanofibers formed using this devicewas also studied. SEM images showed that fiber diameter and morphology strongly depend on processing parameters such as concentration, applied electric field, feed rate, solvent, and ionic salt addition. FTIR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements reveal the polymerization of pyrrole in the matrix of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis and characterization of soluble poly(amide‐imide)s bearing triethylamine sulfonate groups as gas dehumidification membrane material
Authors: Chen Guang , Zhang Xiaosa , Wang Junhua , Zhang Suobo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA series of soluble poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) bearing triethylammonium sulfonate groups were synthesized directly using trimellitic anhydride chloride (TMAC) polycondensation with sulfonated diamine such as 2,2′‐benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether‐2,2′‐disulfonic acid (ODADS), and nonsulfonated diamine 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl methane in the presence of triethylamine. The resulting copolymers exhibited high molecular weights (high inherent viscosity), and a combination of desirable properties such as good solubility in dipolar aprotic solvents, film‐forming capability, and good mechanical properties. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction revealed that the polymers were amorphous. These copolymers showed high permeability coefficients of water vapor because of the presence of the hydrophilic triethylammonium sulfonate groups. The water vapor permeability coefficients (Pw) and permselectivity coefficients of water vapor to nitrogen and methane [α(H2O/N2) and α(H2O/CH4)] of the films increased with increasing the amount of the triethylammonium sulfonated groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Mass hatred in the Muslim and Arab world: the neglected problem of anti‐Semitism
Authors: Kressel Neil J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn recent years, anti‐Jewish bigotry in the Muslim and Arab world has reached dangerous proportions, yet psychologists, sociologists, and other social scientists have produced scant research on the topic. This paper seeks to understand why there is so much hostility, paying particular attention to four potential sources: (1) Islamic history and theology, (2) frustration, anger and scapegoating, (3) socialization practices, and (4) the political context of the Arab‐Israeli conflict. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review fluorescence correlation spectroscopy for probing the kinetics and mechanisms of DNA hairpin formation
Authors: Orden Alan Van , Jung Jaemyeong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the application of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and related techniques to the study of nucleic acid hairpin conformational fluctuations in free aqueous solutions. Complimentary results obtained using laser‐induced temperature jump spectroscopy, single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, optical trapping, and biophysical theory are also discussed. The studies cited reveal that DNA and RNA hairpin folding occurs by way of a complicated reaction mechanism involving long‐ and short‐lived reaction intermediates. Reactions occurring on the subnanoseconds to seconds time scale have been observed, pointing out the need for experimental techniques capable of probing a broad range of reaction times in the study of such complex, multistate reactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 1–16, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Differences in predictors of cervical and breast cancer screening by screening need in uninsured Latina women
Authors: P. Buki Lydia , Jamison Jorja , J. Anderson Carolyn , M. Cuadra Anai 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Latina women experience higher mortality for cervical cancer and lower 5‐year survival for breast cancer than non‐Latina White women. Adherence with screening recommendations can increase chances of survival, yet the factors that influence screening behaviors in uninsured women are not well documented.METHODS.Uninsured Latina women (N = 467) recruited in four US cities participated in the study. Logistic regression was used to model adherence to recommendations by screening type (cervical or breast cancer) and screening need (needs to obtain initial screening, overdue for rescreening, up‐to‐date with rescreening).RESULTS.Predictors differed by type of screening and screening need. Women who reported exposure to cancer education were more likely to have had a mammogram and to be up‐to‐date with Pap smear screening than women without such exposure. Women who were younger, had more than a sixth grade education, and/or had children were more likely to have had a Pap smear. Older women who had been in the US the longest were more likely to be overdue for a Pap smear. Women with incomes 5000 to 7000 were more likely to have obtained a mammogram. Regional differences were found with respect to mammography screening and maintenance behaviors.CONCLUSIONS.Exposure to cancer education is an important predictor of screenings among uninsured urban Latina women. The potential of creating educational interventions that can increase screening rates among women who evidence health disparities is encouraging. Recruitment strategies to reach women in need of screenings are provided. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors for survival of stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Ou S.‐H. Ignatius , Zell Jason A. , Ziogas Argyrios , Anton‐Culver Hoda 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy in randomized trials has failed to provide a survival benefit in patients with resected stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using data from the California Cancer Registry (CCR), we explored factors that had detrimental effects on survival in patients with stage I NSCLC to identify a subset of patients at high risk for disease recurrence and subsequent mortality.METHODS.Between 1989 and 2003, 19,702 incident cases of stage I NSCLC in the CCR were identified and subgrouped into stage IA and IB disease. Patient demographic factors, tumor characteristics, and treatment delivered were examined. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were calculated to estimate survival rates. Cox proportional‐hazards ratios were used to identify independent prognostic factors for survival.RESULTS.Advanced age at diagnosis, male sex, low socioeconomic status (SES), nonsurgical treatment, and poor histologic grade (stage IA NSCLC: hazards ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.08–1.19; stage IB NSCLC: HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.16) were associated with increased mortality risk on multivariate analysis. Nonupper lobe tumor location (right middle lobe, right and left lower lobes) and tumor size ≥4 cm (vs <4 cm: HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.15–1.30) were additional factors that increased the risk of mortality among patients with stage IB disease. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and Asian ethnicity were associated with decreased mortality risk in stage I NSCLC.CONCLUSIONS.Stage I NSCLC with poorly differentiated histology and stage IB NSCLC with nonupper lobar tumor location or tumor size ≥4 cm carried an increased mortality risk. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Radical‐Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Silver Thin Films Using Phosphine‐Adducted Silver Carboxylates
Authors: Niskanen A. , Hatanpää T. , Arstila K. , Leskelä M. , Ritala M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMetallic silver films are deposited by radical‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (REALD) using (2,2‐dimethylpropionato)silver(I)triethylphosphine and hydrogen radicals. The silver precursor used is synthesized in‐house, and characterized using CHN elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and thermogravimetric analysis/single differential thermal analysis (TGA/SDTA). The crystal structure of Ag(O2CtBu)(PEt3) is also solved. Trimeric units are revealed as the building blocks. The hydrogen radicals are produced by dissociating molecular hydrogen with a microwave plasma discharge. The evaporation temperature of the silver precursor is 125 °C, and the film deposition temperature is 140 °C. The deposition is successful on glass and silicon, and the films are conformal. The saturated growth rate is 0.12 nm per cycle, with a 3 s silver precursor pulse and 5 s hydrogen radical pulse time. The overall cycle time is 14 s. The films are polycrystalline and are visually mirror‐like. The films contain 10 at.‐% oxygen, 4.0 at.‐% phosphorous, 1.0 at.‐% carbon, and 5.0 at.‐% hydrogen as impurities. Nevertheless, the films exhibit low resistivity, only 6 μΩ cm for a 40 nm thick film.
Study of Magnesium Boride Films Obtained From Mg(BH4)2 by CVD
Authors: Crociani L. , Rossetto G. , Kaciulis S. , Mezzi A. , El‐Habra N. , Palmieri V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMagnesium boride films are synthesized from Mg(BH4)2 by CVD. A new synthesis of the precursor is developed. Deposition time of the samples is varied to study its influence on film composition. The films are analyzed by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The contributions of various chemical species (boride and oxides) in the depth profiles, carried out using Ar ion sputtering combined with cyclic XPS measurements, are separated by peak‐fitting analysis of photoelectron B1s and Auger MgKLL spectra. The samples are composed of MgBx film covered by an overlayer of magnesium and boron oxides.
Synthesis and Structures of Bis(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine Adducts of Strontium Bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dionate) and Their Use in the CVD of Cubic Strontium‐Doped Hafnium Dioxides
Authors: Luo B. , Yu D. , Kucera B. E. , Campbell S. A. , Gladfelter W. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMonomeric, eight‐coordinate Sr(tmhd)2[HN(CH2CH2NMe2)2](EtOH) (1), where tmhd is 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dionato, is synthesized from the reactions of HN(CH2CH2NMe2)2, H‐tmhd, and Sr(OEt)2(EtOH)4. Heating compound 1 at 130 °C dissociates EtOH to form monomeric, seven‐coordinate Sr(tmhd)2[HN(CH2CH2NMe2)2] (2). A combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal stability tests establishes that compound 2 is stable at temperatures below 220 °C. In a cold‐wall, low‐pressure CVD reactor, 2 is used as a liquid precursor at 115 to 175 °C to deposit high‐κ, dielectric, strontium hafnium oxide films in combination with the use of Hf(OtBu)4. The Sr/(Sr + Hf) atomic ratios of the films range from 0 to 0.83. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows that films with low Sr doping, e.g., ≤ 0.15, exhibit a crystalline phase consistent with Sr‐stabilized cubic hafnia, while films with higher Sr contents are amorphous. The dielectric constants of the films increase as the proportion of the cubic phase increases. A maximum value of 25 is obtained for the film with a Sr/(Sr + Hf) ratio of 0.07.
Minimizing the Carbon Content of Thin Ruthenium Films by MOCVD Precursor Complex Design and Process Control
Authors: Schneider A. , Popovska N. , Jipa I. , Atakan B. , Siddiqi M. A. , Siddiqui R. , Zenneck U. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract[(Benzene)(1,3‐cyclohexadiene)Ru] was investigated as a designed metal‐organic (MO) CVD precursor where the inherent structural and chemical features of the ligands help the formation of pure ruthenium films. The investigations have been performed with Si wafers as the substrate at a total gas pressure of 50 mbar, substrate temperature range of 200–450 °C, and helium carrier gas velocity of 1.5 to 16.5 cm s–1. The main focus was on the evaluation of the process parameters that promote the purity of the deposited ruthenium films without the help of a reactive gas component. The composition of the MOCVD exhaust gas was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and the deposited ruthenium films characterized by elastic recoil detection analyses (ERDA) to relate the carbon content of the films with the follow‐up chemistry of the ligands. The primary process of highly effective dehydrogenation of the 1,3‐cyclohexadiene ligand at the freshly formed ruthenium surface to form benzene was built in by the choice of the ligand. Further, but much less effective, was the dehydrogenation of benzene, which is presumed to be the main process for carbon contamination. Ruthenium films with only 3 mol.‐% carbon content were deposited at a substrate temperature of 300 °C and a carrier gas velocity of 12.8 cm s–1. In all cases the deposited films consist of polycrystalline metallic ruthenium with a low surface roughness.
Alcohol‐Assisted CVD of Silver Using Commercially Available Precursors
Authors: Bahlawane N. , Premkumar P. A. , Brechling A. , Reiss G. , Kohse‐Höinghaus K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel chemical approach was demonstrated for the growth of high‐quality, silver films by CVD. This concept relies on the catalytic reactivity of cationic silver, and of silver surfaces with alcohols. This leads to high‐purity films using either state‐of‐the‐art precursors or silver salts that have not been yet considered as CVD precursors. The occurrence of the catalytic oxidative‐dehydrogenation of alcohols, considered as the driving force in this process, was shown by in‐situ mass spectrometry (MS). Films of fcc‐Ag with ρ ≤ 2 μΩ cm were grown without any noticeable contamination. Ag(hfac)COD leads to the growth of a (111) highly orientated film on glass at a rate of 1.66 nm min–1, while polycrystalline films are grown at a rate of 18.5 nm min–1 using AgNO3.
Sicherheitsbeurteilung historischer Steinbogenbrücken
Authors: Proske Dirk , Lieberwirth Peter , van Gelder Pieter H.A.J.M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDer Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendung moderner Sicherheitskonzepte zur Untersuchung der Tragfähigkeit historischer Steinbogenbrücken. Dabei zeigt sich, dass trotz häufig vorgebrachter Kritik gegenüber modernen Sicherheitskonzepten diese auch Anpassungen erlauben, die gerade bei historischen Bauwerken interessant werden können. Neben der sich daraus ergebenden Änderung der Sicherheitselemente, z. B. der Teilsicherheitsfaktoren, besteht darüber hinaus auch die Möglichkeit, die Einwirkungen anzupassen. Somit ergibt sich für den Statiker nicht nur die Möglichkeit der Variation der mechanischen Nachweismodelle, sondern auch die Möglichkeit der Anpassung der Sicherheitselemente an die spezifischen Fragestellungen historischer Steinbogenbrücken.
Severinstorburg und U‐Bahnbau – Sicherung eines der Symbole der Domstadt
Authors: Tebbe Holger , Dominik Axel , Brauer Norbert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDie im Severinsviertel gelegene Severinstorburg ist einer der herausragenden Identifikationspunkte der Stadt Köln. Der Ort weist eine bemerkenswerte Siedlungskontinuität auf. Das in Ausfallrichtung Bonn orientierte, mittelalterliche Stadttor liegt exakt auf der Trasse der ehemaligen römischen Reichsstraße von Köln nach Bonn. Das Tor markiert so u. a. eine 2000‐jährige Verkehrsgeschichte. Der nun im Abschluss befindliche U‐Bahnbau reiht sich somit übergangslos in diese Tradition ein. Im folgenden Artikel soll über die Besonderheiten der Sicherung bei der Unterfahrung der denkmalgeschützten Bausubstanz berichtet werden.
Neue Zentrier‐ und Trennlage zur Auflagerung von Stahlbetondecken auf Wänden aus Mauerwerk
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Sabha Ahmad 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVon der Ausbildung und Ausführung des Wand‐Decken‐Knotens hängen das Trag‐ und Verformungsverhalten sowie die Rissempfindlichkeit von Konstruktionen aus Mauerwerkswänden und Stahlbetondecken ab. In der Praxis ist die Einlage einer Bitumenbahn zwischen Stahlbetondecken und Mauerwerkswänden üblich, um dem unterschiedlichen Verformungsverhalten von Stahlbetondecke und Wand Rechnung zu tragen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Alternativlösung vorgeschlagen, die neben der Möglichkeit des Abfangens der Schwindverformungen der Decke noch eine Lastzentrierung und damit eine bessere Mauerwerksauslastung ermöglicht. Sie besteht aus einem Glasfasergitter, darauf befestigten kompressiblen Streifen im Randbereich und der auf der Baustelle aufzubringenden Mörtelschicht normaler Dicke. Die Lösung wird mit der Bitumenpappe verglichen und ihre Gleich‐ bzw. Höherwertigkeit herausgearbeitet.
DGfM: Mauerwerk 4/2007
Authors: Rast Ronald 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEnergieausweis jetzt auf den Weg bringenBundesregierung ebnet den Weg zur Einführung von Energieausweisen für GebäudeBFW‐Studie: zu wenig SeniorenimmobilienDGfM‐Newsletter: Bereich Markt; Bereich Technik; Aktuell; Termine.
Carbohydrate Chemistry in the Total Synthesis of Saponins
Authors: Yu Biao , Zhang Yichun , Tang Pingping 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSignificant examples relating to the total synthesis of natural saponins with potent biological activities are discussed, with major emphasis on the applicability of contemporary glycosylation and protecting group manipulation protocols to the sophisticated scaffolds of steroids/triterpenes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Evaluation of different warping methods for the analysis of CE profiles of urinary nucleosides
Authors: Szymańska Ewa , Markuszewski Michał Jan , Capron Xavier , van Nederkassel Anne‐Marie , Vander Heyden Yvan , Markuszewski Marcin , Krajka Kazimierz , Kaliszan Roman 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNowadays, numerous metabolite concentrations can readily be determined in a given biological sample by high‐throughput analytical methods. However, such raw analytical data comprise noninformative components due to many disturbances normally occurring in the analyses of biological material. To eliminate those unwanted original analytical data components, advanced chemometric data preprocessing methods might be of help. Here, such methods are applied to electrophoretic nucleoside profiles in urine samples of cancer patients and healthy volunteers. In this study, three warping methods: dynamic time warping (DTW), correlation optimized warping (COW), and parametric time warping (PTW) were examined on two sets of electrophoretic data by means of quality of peaks alignment, time of preprocessing, and way of customization. The application of warping methods helped to limit shifting of peaks and enabled differentiation between whole electropherograms of healthy and cancer patients objectively by a principal component analysis (PCA). The evaluation of preprocessed data and raw data by PC analysis confirms differences between the applied warping tools and proves their suitability in metabonomic data interpretation.
Fast quantitative determination of diuretic drugs in tablets and human urine by microchip electrophoresis with native fluorescence detection
Authors: Tolba Kamal , Belder Detlev 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMicrochip electrophoresis (MCE) with native fluorescence detection has been applied for the fast quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical formulations. For this purpose, methods for fast separation and sensitive detection of the unlabeled diuretic drugs, amiloride, triamterene, bendroflumethiazide (BFMTZ), and bumetanide were developed. An epifluorescence setup was used enabling the coupling of different lasers into a commercial fluorescence microscope. The detection sensitivity of different excitation light sources was compared utilizing either a HeCd laser (λexc = 325 nm), a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser (λexc = 266 nm), or a mercury lamp (λexc = 330–380 nm). At optimal conditions using the HeCd laser, the drugs were separated within 15 s with LODs less than 1 μg/mL for the four compounds. A linear relationship between concentration and peak area was obtained in the concentration range of 0.05–20 μg/mL with a mean correlation coefficient of around 0.996 for all analytes. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of the respective drugs in commercial formulations and in human urine without interference from other constituents. These data show that MCE has a great potential for reliable drug analysis.
Determination of tetracycline residues in honey by CZE with ultraviolet absorbance detection
Authors: Casado‐Terrones Silvia , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Busi Simone , Dinelli Giovanni , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have developed a sensitive CE method to determine eight tetracyclines (TCs) (chlortetracycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, methacycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, TC, and rolitetracycline (RTC)) in honey samples. The running buffer was 150 mM sodium borate (pH 9.8) and 2.5% 2‐propanol with 15 s hydrodynamic injection at 25 kV. We have also developed an SPE procedure with a C18 cartridge as a clean‐up step. Analytes were detected at 360 nm in less than 16 min. LODs ranged in honey from 23.9 μg/kg for TC to 49.3 μg/kg for RTC. Seven samples of Spanish honey of different floral origins were examined. None of them showed contamination with these antibiotics using the proposed method.