bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF HCG ON PLASMA PROGESTERONE DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Runnebaum B. , Holzmann K. , Münstermann A.-M. Bierwirth-v. , Zander J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of intravenous HCG infusions lasting for 2 hours on the peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations was investigated in healthy women on day 5 during the hyperthermic phase of the menstrual cycle and during week 6–19 and 31–39 of pregnancy. During the luteal phase the peripheral plasma progesterone level can be increased, on an average, up to 70 % with 5000 IU and up to 250 % with 20 000 IU. The highest plasma progesterone concentrations were reached about 8 hours after the beginning of the HCG infusion. In some experiments significantly elevated progesterone concentrations were still observed 20 hours after starting the HCG infusion. The results of intravenous HCG stimulation experiments during early pregnancy (10 000–20 000 IU) and during late pregnancy (5000–20 000 IU) showed no marked changes in the peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CHANGES IN THE RABBIT URINARY BLADDER AND URETER DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Rasmussen Finn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary bladder and ureters from 8 normal and 40 pregnant rabbits were studied histologically, and also by acid glycosaminoglycan analysis. No morphological changes could be demonstrated. In the later stages of pregnancy the water content was found to be lowered, and a decrease in hexosamine and uronic acid contents in bladder walls was demonstrated on the 28th day of pregnancy. It is believed that the changes are due to a hormonal influence.
EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A PINEAL-ADRENAL AND A PINEAL-THYROID AXIS
Authors: DeFronzo Ralph A. , Roth Willard D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of the rat pineal on the adrenal and thyroid were examined utilizing organ weight and the RNA to DNA ratio as an index of synthetic activity. Pinealectomy was found to increase adrenal activity as measured by the RNA to DNA ratio (P < 0.01) irrespective of ovarian involvement. Melatonin was found to inhibit adrenal activity as measured by the RNA to DNA ratio (P < 0.05). Pinealectomy alone was followed by a significant increase in thyroid weight (P < 0.01). Administration of melatonin to pinealectomized, ovariectomized animals had the opposite effect (P < 0.04).
STUDIES ON THYROIDAL COLLOID PINOCYTOSIS USING A DOUBLE ISOTOPE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Pisarev Mario A. , Altschuler Noe , DeGroot Leslie J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The process of secretion of the thyroid hormone involves several steps: pinocytosis of thyroglobulin, fusion of the colloid droplets with the lysosomes, digestion of thyroglobulin by a cathepsin, dehalogenation of tyrosines and release of thyronines into the blood stream. The present paper describes a double isotope technique for studying the first two steps. Thyrotrophin (TSH) administration to rats increased the radioactivity present in all fractions, specially in the 15 000 × g pellet. When the subcellular distribution of acid phosphatase was determined, the highest specific activity was found in this fraction, thus indicating the presence of lysosomes. The content of radioactive materials in the 15 000 × g pellet was analyzed by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and by ascending paper chromatography using n-butanol:ethanol:ammonium hydroxide (5:1:2;v/v) as solvent system. The results obtained showed that 90% of the radioactivity was protein bound and strongly suggest that this material is thyroglobulin.
EFFECT OF 3′:5′-CYCLIC AMP ON NUCLEAR AND MITOCHONDRIAL RNA SYNTHESIS OF RAT ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS
Authors: Nussdorfer G. G. , Mazzocchi G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 3′:5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP) on the incorporation of 3H-uridine into adrenocortical cells of hypophysectomized rats was investigated by high resolution autoradiography. The quantitative analysis of autoradiographs shows that cAMP, like ACTH, enhances the tracer incorporation into both nuclei and mitochondria. These findings are discussed in relation to the results of various investigations, indicating that cAMP functions as an intracellular mediator of the long-term trophic action of ACTH on the adrenal cortex.
It is suggested that the mechanism of this action of cAMP consists in the stimulation of both nuclear and mitochondrial RNA synthesis. Furthermore, the possibility that the trophic action of ACTH on the adrenal gland involves other intracellular mediators, as well as cAMP, is suggested.
EFFECT OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE ON THE RELEASE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS
Authors: Caligaris L. , Astrada J. J. , Taleisnik S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of 20 μg oestradiol benzoate to rats on the 4th day of pseudopregnancy caused a rise in serum luteinizing (LH) concentration on the following day. This effect of oestradiol benzoate was reduced when the animals were ovariectomized at the time of the steroid injection. The response was restored by injection of progesterone with oestradiol benzoate thus showing the importance of progesterone for the mechanisms which trigger off the release of LH.
VERGLEICHENDE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN STOFFWECHSEL VON [4-14C] PROGESTERON IN DER FETALEN HAUT UND IN DER HAUT DES ERWACHSENEN
Authors: Mickan Harald 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of [4-14C] progesterone in human adult and foetal skin was investigated in vitro under identical experimental conditions.
5α-Pregnanedione and 20α-dihydroprogesterone were isolated and identified in all the experiments. In addition 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, 6β-hydroxyprogesterone and tentatively 6β-hydroxy-20α-dihydroprogesterone could be identified in the experiments with foetal skin.
5α-Reductase was shown to be most active in both foetal and adult skin. 5β-saturated products were not detectable. These experiments demonstrate a significant capability of foetal skin in the metabolism of progesterone.
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR THE ASSAY OF CYTOPLASMIC OESTROGEN RECEPTORS IN EXTRACTS OF CALF UTERI AND HUMAN BREAST CANCERS
Authors: Jungblut P. W. , Hughes Sharon , Hughes A. , Wagner R. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A calf uterus extract and a human mammary cancer extract were assayed for cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors by six different methods. Highest and almost identical yields were obtained by agar gel electrophoresis and Sephadex chromatography, followed by the charcoal technique (62%, 49%), glass bead adsorption (17%, 41%), density gradient centrifugation (16%, 30%) and protamine precipitation (10%, 23%).
KLINISCHE BEURTEILUNG EINER NEUEN METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DES SERUM-TRIJODTHYRONINS
Authors: Schreiber Bernhard E. , Ortner Hugo M. , Leb Georg , Eber Otto 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An assay of stable 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in serum of 54 patients was performed, using a new simple chromatographic procedure. With samples of 5 ml serum, the lower detection limit was 0.04 μg/100 ml. The total time required for a complete analysis was less than 3 hours, which was accomplished by partial automatization of the procedure. The range of the T3-concentration was 0.22 ± 0.05 (sd) μg/100 ml in 18 normal subjects, 0.67 ± 0.3 in 15 thyrotoxic patients and 0.08 ± 0.04 in 8 patients with hypothyroidism. Among 13 patients with normal serum thyroxine (T4) levels after thyroid surgery owing to thyrotoxicosis, there were 3 with marked increases in serum T3. In spite of normal T4-levels, symptoms of hyperthyroidism were still present in these patients. It is concluded, that serum T3-determinations may be useful for diagnosing cases of hyperthyroidism where clinical findings do not correspond with serum T4 or PBI-findings.
NUCLEAR SIZE CLASSES IN FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATES FROM TOXIC GOITRES
Authors: Nilsson Göran 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nuclear size classes of the type originally described by Jacobj were studied in biopsy smears prepared from fine needle aspirates of toxic goitres and a small series of non-toxic goitres and normal thyroids. In every specimen a minor number of nuclei were found to form one or occasionally two size classes clearly different from the bulk of the nuclei, which were of fairly uniform size. The existence of separate nuclear size classes was confirmed by plotting the nuclear diameter distribution curves based on measurements of 150–200 nuclei from each specimen. The nuclei in the main size class proved, on the average, larger in toxic goitres than in non-toxic goitres or normal thyroids. Large nuclei in size classes distinct from the bulk of the nuclei corresponded closely to nuclei in separate classes with a distinctly higher DNA-content as judged from a comparative cytophotometric and karyometric investigation and they were therefore called HDC-nuclei (High DNA-content Class nuclei). Such nuclei proved more common in toxic goitres than in non-toxic goitres and normal thyroids. Among the toxic goitres they were especially common in the presence of LATS-activity, lymphoid infiltration in the goitre, or relapse of hyperthyroidism. In those toxic goitres, which were rich in HDC-nuclei, hyperthyroidism was found to have a particularly marked tendency to recur after treatment with thiocarbamide drugs.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES DURING AND AFTER TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Hansen J. Mølholm , Schiøler M. , Kristensen M. , Støier M. , Olsen P. Zander 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
EEG and thyroid function tests have been studied in 32 hyperthyroid patients before, during and after antithyroid treatment. EEG abnormalities such as increase in alpha rhythm, slow rhythms, spikes and sharp waves and fast activity were found in 81% of the patients before treatment. A statistically significant correlation was found between the degree of EEG abnormalities and the severity of hyperthyroidism. During treatment and the period of observation which was extended to an average of 2½ year, a slight decrease in the occurrence of all abnormalities was observed, but even in the period 24–36 months after the start of the therapy, 65% of the patients still had abnormal EEG's. These persistent abnormalities in EEG suggest that hyperthyroidism might cause irreversible damage to the brain cells. It should be realized that hyperthyroidism may be the cause of considerable EEG abnormalities however not only in the acute state of the disease but also several years after an otherwise successful antithyroid treatment.
ON ADRENOCORTICAL STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS IN VITRO
Authors: Kahnt F. W. , Nehern R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following a discussion of the potential modification of the neogenesis of corticosterone and cortisol from the endogenous precursor cholesterol in vitro all possible types of modifications have been realized: I. Corticosterone stimulation; II. Cortisol stimulation; III. Total stimulation; IV. Total inhibition; V. Cortisol inhibition; VI. Corticosterone inhibition. Most of the substances involved belong to the class of 3- and 4-mono-substituted pyridine derivatives. Of particular interest are the corticosterone blockers of type VI which lead to a concomitant stimulation of cortisol formation. The effects of one of these corticosterone blockers on various labelled precursors suggest the existence of two different 21-hydroxylases, one for 17α-deoxy- and another for 17α-hydroxy-C21-steroids. A possible mechanism of action of these compounds and the pathological equivalents of the resulting enzyme deficiencies are discussed.
METABOLISME DE LA TESTOSTERONE PAR LES CANAUX DE WOLFF DE L'EMBRYON DE RAT
Authors: Weniger J.-P. , Zeis A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Wolffian ducts from 17½-day-old rat embryos were cultivated in vitro in the presence of [4-14C] testosterone. The most important metabolite, if not the single one, was dihydrotestosterone, which was identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity. The discussion turns on the role dihydrotestosterone may play in normal Wolffian duct development. In parallel studies, testosterone was found to be converted into dihydrotestosterone, androsterone, androstanedione and 5α-androstan-3α,17β-diol by the kidney. Androsterone and androstanedione were metabolites of testosterone in the liver.
EINE EINFACHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG DER KAPAZITÄT DES CORTICOSTEROIDBINDENDEN GLOBULINS IM PLASMA
Authors: Pirke K. M. , Stamm D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The capacity of the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in serum was determined under equilibrium conditions based on the partition of cortisol between CBG, albumin and an adsorbent. A simplified mathematical model was used to calculate the optimal range of serum dilution, cortisol concentration and Florisil. To one ml of a 1:10 diluted serum 1 μg cortisol, a trace amount of 3H-cortisol and 40 mg Florisil are added. After reaching the equilibrium at 4°C the radioactivity of the supernatant is measured and the cortisol concentration is calculated. This procedure is repeated, but instead of the whole serum an albumin solution correspondent to the concentration in the individual sample is used. The CBG capacity is calculated by substracting the albumin bound from the whole serum bound cortisol fraction. The reliability of the proposed method was established by analysing the samples also by equilibrium dialyses. The correlation coefficient was 0.98, the regression line y = 0.97x. The average CBG capacity of normal males and females was 22.1 μg cortisol/100 ml (n = 13), of oestrogen treated females 49.6 (n = 7).
BLASTOCYST PROTEASE AND IMPLANTATION: EFFECT OF OVARIECTOMY AND PROGESTERONE SUBSTITUTION IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Denker H. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Protease activity in the rabbit trophoblast is demonstrated by a substrate film technique. The dissolution of egg coverings and the penetration of the trophoblast into the uterine epithelium are accompanied by a sharp maximum of proteolytic activity. After ovariectomy at 6 days post coitum, blastocysts are unable to dissolve egg coverings and to implant. These eggs do not have normal values of protease activity and a normal histochemical pattern of its distribution. Following progesterone application in ovariectomized does, enzyme activity and implantation processes are normal. The possible involvement of uterine protease inhibitors in the hormonal regulations is discussed.
STUDIES ON ISOLATED SECRETORY GRANULES FROM BOVINE NEUROHYPOPHYSES
Authors: Vilhardt Hans , Tøndevold Erik , Larsen Kirsten 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolated secretory granules from neural lobes of bovine hypophyses were incubated with tritiated lysine-vasopressin. Gradient centrifugation of these granules showed a difference in the distribution on the gradient of labelled vasopressin as compared with endogenous vasopressin, suggesting a heterogeneity of the granules in the homogenate.
In other experiments the release from the granules to the medium of the tritiated hormone and of endogenous arginine-vasopressin was studied under various experimental conditions. Addition to the medium of calcium with or without ATP did not affect the release of hormone from the granules. ATP alone had no significant effect on the granular release of hormone. However, in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system (pyruvate kinase + phosphoenolpyruvate) ATP caused a slight, but significant increase in the release of endogenous vasopressin, whereas the release of labelled hormone was unchanged.
Increasing the pH of the incubation medium caused an increased release of hormone from the granules. A similar effect was observed when the medium was cooled or when the osmolality was changed.
EFFECTS OF LITHIUM-CHLORIDE ON THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN GUINEA-PIGS
Authors: Petersson Birger , Shopsin Baron 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily lithium-chloride injections were given for about one month to guinea-pigs. Caryometric analyses of the nuclear size in the pancreatic islet cells revealed a marked increase in the nuclear size in the A1-cells, while there were no changes in the A2- and B-cells.
THE EFFECT OF NEONATAL ANDROGEN ON THE ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN ENZYMES IN THE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS
Authors: Griffiths E. C. , Hooper K. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activity of enzymes inactivating oxytocin in the hypothalamus changes with stimuli known to release gonadotrophins and may be related to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LH-RF) release (Frith & Hooper 1971a,b; Griffiths & Hooper 1972). In the work presented here, enzyme activity was determined following neonatal testosterone treatment to assess any changes in the hypothalamic control of LH secretion. Supernatant and particulate fraction activities in female rats were depressed to male levels following injection on day 3; supernatant activity after injection on day 10 was also slightly decreased. These findings suggest that masculinization of the mechanisms controlling LH secretion in the hypothalamus, produced by neonatal testosterone, is caused by changes in LH-RF metabolism and that these peptidases in the rat hypothalamus are responsible for this metabolism.
THE POSSIBLE MODE OF ACTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS
Authors: Chatterjee Amar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of 500 μg PGF2α on day 5 of pseudopregnancy (day of uterine traumatization) caused luteolysis as well as lysis of the deciduoma between 72–96 h. When the PGF2α was postponed to day 6, 7 or 8 of pseudopregnancy instead of day 5, the regressive changes were found to be relatively less intense. Replacement of an exogenous prolactin (500 μg/rat) or hydroxyprogesterone caproate (1 mg/rat) for 4 consecutive days (day 5 to 8) consistently prevented the luteolytic effects of PGF2α. The possible mode of action of PGF2α is discussed.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE GONADOTROPHIN INHIBITING AND ANTI-PROGESTATIONAL PROPERTIES OF 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE
Authors: Labhsetwar Anant P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-OH-P) was administered for 10 days either alone (2 or 4 mg/rat, sc) to explore its biological properties or in combination with progesterone (2 or 4 mg/rat, sc) to test its potential as an antiprogestin. When administered alone to intact rats the hydroxylated steroid, unlike progesterone, failed to disturb the oestrous cycle, cause ovarian or uterine atrophy, mucify the vagina or significantly modify pituitary stores of LH or FSH. In unilaterally spayed rats, 20α-OH-P proved ineffective in decreasing ovarian compensatory hypertrophy. Thus the loss of progestational properties in 20α-OH-P was associated with diminution in gonadotrophin-inhibiting properties. When administered to animals primed with oestrogen, 20α-OH-P exerted either an additive or synergistic effect on the trauma-induced deciduomata in bilaterally spayed rats and on the progestational proliferation in the immature rabbit. 20α-OH-P by itself had no significant effect under these conditions. In no instance did the hydroxylated steroid antagonize the effects of progesterone. In the pregnant rats bilaterally spayed and maintained on suboptimal doses of progesterone (1 mg/rat/day), simultaneous administration of 20α-OH-P (2 mg/day) did not antagonize the pregnancy supporting effect of progesterone. Thus under the conditions of these experiments 20α-OH-P failed to manifest any antiprogestin potential. It appears that 20α-OH-P may play a physiological role by potentiating or augmenting the effect of progesterone on decidualization.
METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN THYROTROPHIN
Authors: Gordin Ariel , Saarinen Pirkko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An account is given of a methodological study of the double-antibody radioimmunoassay of human TSH, using highly purified labelled human TSH as tracer.
It was shown that conventional paper electrophoresis was not adequate for studying the purity of labelled human TSH. When polyvinylchloride (Pevikon®) electrophoresis was used, four subfractions could still be separated, even though, on paper electrophoresis, the material seemed to be homogeneous. Only two of the four Pevikon fractions were immunoreactive. Purification of labelled human TSH by Pevikon electrophoresis also improved the sensitivity of the assay.
Specific activities of about 100 mCi/mg gave the highest initial binding capacity, produced least damage to the labelled hormone and showed the best stability of the tracer without influencing the sensitivity of the method.
In different storage conditions, labelled human TSH was found to be most stable at −20°C and diluted 1/100.
Only in pregnancy did the addition of HCG seem necessary.
The mean TSH value in healthy subjects was 3.6 ± 1.4 μU/ml (mean±sd) with a range from 1.6 μU/ml to 8.8 μU/ml.
UPTAKE OF SEX STEROIDS BY THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY OF PRE- AND NEONATAL RATS
Authors: Tuohimaa Pentti , Niemi Mikko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male and female rat foetuses taken two days before birth, newly born or when 2 days old were injected subcutaneously with tritium labelled testosterone or oestradiol. One hour later the accumulation of radioactivity in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and anterior pituitary of the foetuses was studied by means of a microcombustion technique in order to process the samples for liquid scintillation spectrometry. The anterior pituitary accumulated the highest amount of radioactivity i. e. about twice the amount recovered in the brain. No difference was found in the radioactivity of the hypothalamus as compared to that of the cerebral cortex. Both steroids were accumulated equally in the tissues investigated. The retention of the radioactivity was higher in the neonatal than in adult rats. However, no sex difference was observed in the binding capacity of the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland of the newly born animals.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SERUM LIPIDS IN HYPER- AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: Kirkeby Knut 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters, phospholipids, and triglycerides of the serum has been studied in groups of hyperthyroid and hypothyroid women and also in control material matched for age.
In hyperthyroidism, a decrease in the proportions of linoleic acid and an increase in the proportions of some saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were observed. When absolute concentrations were considered, it appeared that the decrease in linoleic acid was almost equivalent to the entire decrease in total fatty acids in the serum of the hyperthyroid patients.
In hypothyroidism no changes were noted in the proportions of linoleic, saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and the absolute concentrations reflected the general increase in serum lipids.
It is believed that these findings may be explained by the changes in lipid turnover which are known to occur in disturbances of thyroid function. In hyperthyroidism, they lead to a linoleic acid deficiency, while a sparing effect must be operating in hypothyroidism. The finding of relatively high linoleic acid values combined with hyperlipaemia in hypothyroidism seems to be characteristic of the condition, since other types of hyperlipaemia are almost invariably combined with low percentages of linoleic acid.
Results regarding arachidonic and eicosatrienoic acid are consistent with increased synthesis in hyperthyroidism, and decreased synthesis in hypothyroidism.