bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAIL‐related neurotoxicity implies interaction with the Wnt pathway in human neuronal cells in vitro
Authors: Cantarella Giuseppina , Di Benedetto Giulia , Pezzino Salvatore , Risuglia Nunziata , Bernardini Renato 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is involved in amyloid beta dependent neurotoxicity via the extrinsic pathway. Recently, several genes modulating TRAIL cytotoxicity have been characterized, providing evidence for a role of wingless‐type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (Wnt), Jun‐N‐terminal kinase and other pathways in increased cell susceptibility to the cytokine. We investigated whether neurotoxic effects of TRAIL could be due to modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Western blot analysis of Wnt in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells showed significantly decreased Wnt expression in cultures treated with TRAIL. Correspondingly, both phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and degradation of cytoplasmic β‐catenin were increased, as well as phosphorylation of the τ protein, bringing about the picture of neuronal damage. As a counterproof of the interaction of TRAIL with the Wnt pathway, the addition of the specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor SB216763 resulted in rescue of a significant percent of cells from TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. The rescue was total when the caspase 8 inhibitor z‐IETD‐FMK was added in combination with SB216763. Results show that, probably, in addition to triggering caspase signaling, TRAIL also interferes with the Wnt pathway, additionally concurring to neuronal damage. These data suggest that the Wnt pathway substantially contributes to the TRAIL‐related neurotoxicity and indicate the TRAIL system as a candidate target for pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders.
Pain, Dyspnea, and the Quality of Dying in Long‐Term Care
Authors: Caprio Anthony J. , Hanson Laura C. , Munn Jean C. , Williams Christianna S. , Dobbs Debra , Sloane Philip D. , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between pain, dyspnea, and family perceptions of the quality of dying in long‐term care.DESIGN: After‐death interviews.SETTING: Stratified random sample of 111 nursing homes and residential care and assisted living facilities in four states.PARTICIPANTS: Paired interviews from facility staff and family caregivers for 325 deceased residents.MEASUREMENTS: The outcome variable was the Quality of Dying in Long‐Term Care (QOD‐LTC), a psychometrically sound, retrospective scale representing psychosocial aspects of the quality of dying, obtained from interviews with family caregivers. Facility staff reported the presence, frequency, and severity of pain and dyspnea.RESULTS: During the last month of life, nearly half of residents experienced pain or dyspnea. QOD‐LTC scores did not differ for residents with and without pain (4.15 vs 4.02, P=.16). Overall, residents with dyspnea had better QOD‐LTC scores than those without dyspnea (4.20 vs 3.99, P=.006). The association between dyspnea and a better QOD‐LTC score was strongest in cognitively impaired residents and for those dying in residential care and assisted living facilities.CONCLUSION: For residents dying in long‐term care, pain and dyspnea were not associated with a poorer quality of dying as perceived by families of deceased residents. Instead, dyspnea may alert staff to the need for care. Initiatives to improve the quality of dying in long‐term care should focus not only on physical symptoms, but also on the alleviation of nonphysical sources of suffering at the end of life.
Effectiveness of Falls Clinics: An Evaluation of Outcomes and Client Adherence to Recommended Interventions
Authors: Hill Keith D. , Moore Kirsten J. , Dorevitch Michael I. , Day Lesley M. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate outcomes associated with falls clinic programs.DESIGN: Longitudinal.SETTING: Thirteen outpatient falls clinics in Victoria, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred fifty‐four people referred for clinic assessment (mean age±standard deviation 77.9±8.8; 73% female).INTERVENTION: After assessment, multifactorial interventions were organized to address identified risk factors.MEASUREMENTS: A Minimum Data Set was developed and used across all clinics to derive common data on falls, falls injuries, and secondary measures associated with falls risk, including balance, falls efficacy, gait, leg strength, function, and activity. All measures were repeated 6 months later.RESULTS: Clients had a high risk of falls, with 78% having had falls in the preceding 6 months (63% multiple fallers, 10% experiencing fractures from the falls). An average of 7.6±2.8 falls risk factors were identified per client. The clinic team organized an average of 5.7±2.3 new or additional interventions per client. Sixty‐one percent of eligible clients returned for the 6‐month assessment. At this time, there was more than a 50% reduction in falls, multiple falls, and fall injuries (P≤.004) and small but significant improvements evident on secondary measures of balance, leg strength, gait speed, and confidence outcomes (P<.006). Average adherence to recommendations was 74.3%. Factors associated with higher adherence included being male, younger than 65, living with others, and having a caregiver (P<.05).CONCLUSION: This large multicenter study identified high falls risk of older people referred to falls clinics, the multifactorial nature of their presenting problems and provides preliminary evidence of positive outcomes after falls clinic management.
Correlation of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter with Direct Measurement of Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Kimberly Heidi Harbison , Shah Sachita , Marill Keith , Noble Vicki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground:  Measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using bedside ultrasound (US) have been shown to correlate with clinical and radiologic signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP).Objectives:  Previous literature has identified 5 mm as the ONSD measurement above which patients exhibit either clinical or radiologic signs of elevated ICP. The goals of this study were to evaluate the association between ONSD and ICP and to validate the commonly used ONSD threshold of 5 mm using direct measurements of ICP as measured by ventriculostomy.Methods:  A prospective blinded observational study was performed using a convenience sample of adult patients in both the emergency department (ED) and the neurologic intensive care unit (ICU) who had invasive intracranial monitors placed as part of their clinical care. Ocular USs were performed with a 10–5 MHz linear probe. Emergency physicians (EPs) with previous ocular US experience performed ONSD measurements while blinded to the contemporaneous ICP reading obtained directly from invasive monitoring. The association between ONSD and ICP was assessed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was created to determine the optimal ONSD cutoff to detect ICP > 20 cm H2O.Results:  Thirty‐eight ocular USs were performed on 15 individual patients. Spearman rank correlation coefficient of ONSD and ICP was 0.59 (p < 0.0005) demonstrating a significant positive correlation. An ROC curve was created to assess the ability of ONSD to distinguish an abnormal ICP greater than 20 cm H2O. The area under the ROC curve was 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84 to 0.99). Based on inspection of the ROC curve, ONSD > 5 mm performed well to detect ICP > 20 cm H2O with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI = 47% to 99%) and specificity of 93% (95% CI = 78% to 99%).Conclusions:  Using an ROC curve the authors systematically confirmed the commonly used threshold of ONSD > 5 mm to detect ICP > 20 cm H2O. This study directly correlates ventriculostomy measurements of ICP with US ONSD measurements and provides further support for the use of ONSD measurements as a noninvasive test for elevated ICP.
International Survey of Emergency Physicians’ Priorities for Clinical Decision Rules
Authors: Eagles Debra , Stiell Ian G , Clement Catherine M , Brehaut Jamie , Kelly Anne‐Maree , Mason Suzanne , Kellermann Arthur , Perry Jeffrey J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  One of the first stages in the development of new clinical decision rules (CDRs) is determination of need. This study examined the clinical priorities of emergency physicians (EPs) working in Australasia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States for the development of future CDRs.Methods:  The authors administered an e‐mail and postal survey to members of the national emergency medicine (EM) associations in Australasia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Results were analyzed via frequency distributions.Results:  The total response rate was 54.8% (1,150/2,100). The respondents were primarily male (74%), with a mean age of 42.5 years (SD ± 8), and a mean of 12 years of experience (SD ± 7). The top 10 clinical priorities (% selected) were: 1) investigation of febrile child < 36 months (62%); 2) identification of central or serious vertigo (42%); 3) lumbar puncture or admission of febrile child < 3 months (41%); 4) imaging for suspected transient ischemic attack (39%); 5) admission for anterior chest pain (37%); 6) computed tomography (CT) angiography for pulmonary embolus (30%); 7) admission for suicide risk (29%); 8) ultrasound for pain or bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy (28%); 9) nonspecific weakness in elders (26%); and 10) CT for abdominal pain (25%). Between study countries, there was consistency in identification of clinical problems, but variation in prioritization.Conclusions:  This international survey identified the sampled EPs’ priorities for the future development of CDRs. The top priority overall was investigation of the febrile child < 36 months. These results will be valuable to researchers for future development of CDRs in EM that are relevant internationally.
Triggering of merger-induced starbursts by the tidal field of galaxy groups and clusters
Authors: Martig M. , Bournaud F. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Star formation in galaxies is for a part driven by galaxy mergers. At low redshift, star formation activity is low in high-density environments like groups and clusters, and the star formation activity of galaxies increases with their isolation. This star formation–density relation is observed to be reversed at z∼ 1, which is not explained by theoretical models so far. We study the influence of the tidal field of a galaxy group or cluster on the star formation activity of merging galaxies, using N-body simulations including gas dynamics and star formation. We find that the merger-driven star formation is significantly more active in the vicinity of such cosmological structures compared to mergers in the field. The large-scale tidal field can thus enhance the activity of galaxies in dense cosmic structures, and should be particularly efficient at high redshift before quenching processes take effect in the densest regions.
Scoping the family history: Assessment of Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) in primary care settings—A primer for nurse practitioners
Authors: Maradiegue Ann , Jasperson Kory , Edwards Quannetta T. , Lowstuter Katrina , Weitzel Jeffrey 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurpose: To describe and discuss the characteristic features and red flags of Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, that warrants referral for genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA). A focus on the nurse practitioner’s (NP) role in familial risk assessment, physical examination, initiation of genetic referrals, and issues related to the genetic counseling process are also discussed.Data sources: A review and synopsis of professional guidelines, clinical articles, and research studies on Lynch syndrome and the genetics of inherited cancer syndromes associated with colorectal cancer. Online resources from the American Gastroenterological Association, American Medical Association, the American Nurses Association, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, the National Cancer Institute, the National Cancer Institute—Physician Data Query, the National Coalition of Health Professional Education in Genetics, the National Human Genome Research Institute, the National Society of Genetic Counselors, International Society of Nurses in Genetics, and the Oncology Nursing Society.Conclusions: Approximately 5% of all colon cancers are because of a germ line mutation predisposing individuals and their family members to colorectal and other cancers. Although the efficacy of screening modalities is established, healthcare providers often fail to identify those at greatest risk for disease. The extended family history is the first step in recognition of individuals “suspect” for hereditary colon cancers such as Lynch syndrome. Early‐age onset of Lynch syndrome–associated cancers, an autosomal‐dominant pattern, multiple primary tumors in an individual or multiple family members with Lynch syndrome–associated cancers, characteristic pathological features of colon cancer, or a known germ line Lynch syndrome mutation in a family member are “red flags” that will aid NPs in identifying individuals who may benefit from GCRA.Implications for nurse practitioner practice: The importance of enhanced surveillance for early diagnosis and prevention of disease is a critical part of primary care. Thus, it is imperative that NPs obtain a minimum of a three‐generation pedigree, recognize hereditary cancer patterns, and provide referral counseling for consideration of genetic testing of individuals suspect for Lynch syndrome.
Systematic pelvic floor training for lower urinary tract symptoms post‐prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Robinson Joanne P. , Bradway Christine W. , Nuamah Isaac , Pickett Mary , McCorkle Ruth 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBecause the majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed in the local or regional stages, radical prostatectomy is a treatment of choice for many patients, particularly men younger than 65 years of age. However, radical prostatectomy carries a significant risk of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and may also impair quality of life. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of systematic postoperative pelvic floor training (PFT) on LUTS intensity, LUTS distress and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) at 3, 6 and 12 months following radical prostatectomy. This randomized clinical trial was guided by the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms. All participants (n = 126) received brief instructions for exercising pelvic floor muscles before surgery and the offer of a biofeedback evaluation session 1 month following catheter removal. The intervention group (n = 62) received an additional 4 weeks of PFT immediately following catheter removal. Intervention and control groups both reported steady declines in the intensity and distress associated with LUTS, but no between‐group differences were found. Similarly, no between‐group differences were found in impact on HRQL; however, the pattern of HRQL impact differed by group (p < 0·01) in the direction of greater impairment over time for the control group. LUTS intensity, LUTS distress and negative effects on HRQL decline for many radical prostatectomy patients over the first postoperative year; however, improvement does not occur in all patients. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of factors that influence development, resolution and management of LUTS following radical prostatectomy.
Preventing IUC infections in Tanzanian patients; nurses’ knowledge, clinical practice and patients’ views
Authors: Ndomba Asteria LM , Smide Bibbe , Aarts Clara 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNosocomial infections related to indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) are a worldwide problem. While this is true in areas of the globe where care facilities are optimal, it is even more the case that in countries where care conditions are compromised or when practice is lacking a substantial knowledge base. The primary aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ knowledge and clinical practise regarding care of patients with IUC in preventing nosocomial infections in four hospitals in Tanzania. Additionally, the study investigated patients’ views about received care relating to the presence of an IUC. Registered and enrolled nurses (n = 135) working in four hospitals in Dar‐es‐Salaam municipality completed a questionnaire about IUC procedures. Four nurse students performed bedside observations of nurses (n = 127) on the care for patients with IUC. Sixty patients were interviewed about their views of the care given in relation to IUC. The nurses’ overall knowledge was good, but there was a discrepancy between knowledge and clinical practice. Hand washing prior to care for patients with IUC was poor due to lack of water and soap. Half of the patients experienced problems; haematuria, offensive smell, pus around the catheter and swelling of the scrotum in male patients. Patients expressed frustration regarding the care of IUC. There was a shortage of trained hospital staff, shortage of beds to the extent that patients had to share beds and appropriate equipment was not available. Although the nurses’ knowledge in IUC care was relatively good, the nursing care for patients with IUC in the studied hospitals ought to be improved. This can be done by developing evidence‐based, culturally congruent guidelines for assurance of quality care. Many of the problems that were considered to increase the risk of nosocomial infections were identified as being related to the logistics of the wards and lack of staff. Therefore, on the strength of these findings, it is recommended that unnecessary use of IUC should be avoided particularly where weak infrastructure has been identified.
Urban Festivals: Geographies of Hype, Helplessness and Hope
Authors: Waitt Gordon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLet's hold a festival! This article explores why hosting festivals has been widely prescribed as a panacea for the contemporary social and economic ills of cities. In this article, this is contextualised in relationship to the urban politics of neoliberalism, and the demise of many urban centres through global shifts in economic production. Boosting of city images through the hype of public–private partnerships re‐imagines urban centres as world showcases – places that are vibrant, dynamic, affluent, healthy, tolerant, cosmopolitan and sexy. Focusing on two thematic areas – geographies of helplessness and geographies of hope – this article then investigates how both strands qualify the geographies of hype by revealing how contemporary urban festival spaces, while liberating certain social groups, also constrain, disadvantage and oppress.
Mental Health First Aid: an international programme for early intervention
Authors: Kitchener Betty A. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: February 2008

AbtractAim: To describe the development of the Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) programme in Australia, its roll‐out in other countries and evaluation studies which have been carried out.Methods: A description of the programme's development and evaluation, its cultural adaptations and its dissemination in seven countries.Results: The programme was developed in Australia in 2001. By the end of 2007, there were 600 instructors and 55 000 people trained as mental health first aiders. A number of evaluations have been carried out, including two randomized controlled trials that showed changes in knowledge, attitudes and first aid behaviours. Special adaptations of the course have been rolled out for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and some non‐English speaking immigrant groups. The course has spread to seven other countries with varying degrees of penetration. In all countries, the programme has been initially supported by government funding. Independent evaluations have been carried out in Scotland and Ireland.Conclusions: The concept of first aid by the public for physical health crises is familiar in many countries. This has made it relatively easy to extend this approach to early intervention by members of the public for mental disorders and crises. Through MHFA training, the whole of a community can assist formal mental health services in early intervention for mental disorders.
Canine Distemper Virus Strains Circulating among North American Dogs
Authors: Kapil Sanjay , Allison Robin W. , Johnston Larry , Murray Brandy L. , Holland Steven , Meinkoth Jim , Johnson Bill 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes multisystemic disease in dogs. We received seven samples from dogs with CD from the United States during 2007. CDV isolates from these samples formed large, multinucleated syncytia in a Vero cell line expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). Based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences, the CDV isolates from three states (California, Missouri, and Oklahoma) formed two CDV genetic groups: group I (major; six of seven isolates) consisted of CDV isolates closely related to the European wildlife lineage of CDV, and group II (minor; one of seven isolates) was genetically related to the Arctic-like lineage of CDV. However, both CDV groups were genetically different from the current vaccine strains that belong to the American-1 lineage of the old (1930 to 1950) CDV isolates.
Nocardia wallacei
sp. nov. and
Nocardia blacklockiae
sp. nov., Human Pathogens and Members of the “
Nocardia transvalensis
Complex”
Authors: Conville Patricia S. , Brown June M. , Steigerwalt Arnold G. , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Witebsky Frank G. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Nocardia
isolates that share the property of in vitro amikacin resistance are grouped together by some authors in the
Nocardia transvalensis
complex. Our examination of 13 isolates that are amikacin resistant has revealed the existence of three distinct species. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA, 65-kDa heat shock protein, and
secA1
genes, coupled with DNA-DNA hybridization, indicated that “
N. asteroides
drug pattern IV,” “
N. transvalensis
new taxon 1,” and
N. transvalensis
sensu stricto should each be considered a distinct species. The phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the proposed new species
Nocardia wallacei
(
N. asteroides
drug pattern IV) and
N. blacklockiae
(
N. transvalensis
new taxon 1) are presented and compared with those of
N. transvalensis
sensu stricto. The relative genetic diversity of isolates best placed with the species
N. blacklockiae
is also discussed. Case studies demonstrating the pathogenicity of
N. wallacei
and
N. blacklockiae
are presented. The type strain of
N. wallacei
is ATCC 49873 (DSM 45136), and that of
N. blacklockiae
is ATCC 700035 (DSM 45135).