bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are the Dutch acquainted with and willing to try healthful food products? The role of food neophobia
Authors: Schickenberg B , van Assema P , Brug J , de Vries NK 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo assess participants’ acquaintance with and willingness to try healthful food alternatives, and to test the psychometric properties of an adapted Dutch version of the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) in order to study the role of food neophobia in this context.DesignA cross-sectional study incorporating two web-based questionnaires, including a retest of the FNS one week later. Measures included acquaintance with and willingness to try 15 healthful food alternatives, level of food neophobia, level of education, gender and age. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to study associations between demographics and level of food neophobia as well as associations between level of food neophobia and acquaintance with and willingness to try the healthful alternatives.SettingThe study was conducted in The Netherlands using a representative Internet panel.ParticipantsA total of 326 participants aged 18–50 years participated.ResultsInternal consistency and test–retest reliability of the FNS version used were sufficient. On average participants were acquainted with 7.9 of the products and modestly willing to try the products. Lowly educated participants had significantly higher FNS scores than highly educated participants (β = −0.23, P < 0.01). FNS score was significantly associated with acquaintance with (β = −0.21, P < 0.001) and willingness to try the healthful alternatives (β = −0.26, P < 0.001).ConclusionFurther research into the role of food neophobia is warranted when wanting to stimulate the integration of healthful alternative products in the daily diet, especially among persons with low education.
Exotic amino acids across the K/T boundary – cometary origin and relevance for species extinction
Authors: Wallis Max K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh levels of an exotic amino acid (Aib) and enhanced levels of iridium are evident in sediments pre-dating the Chicxulub impact by several tens of millennia. The source is thought to be debris from the break-up of a giant comet or trans-Neptunian body, a large fragment of which was the 10 km sized impactor that caused the famous iridium spike identified with the K/T boundary. In this paper it is argued that the Aib is not extra-terrestrial but the indicator of exotic pathogenic microfungi that flourished through this era. Its abundance implies a significant role for the fungi in the ecology, in species extinction and in driving evolution as the Tertiary period got underway. Microfungi containing the complex of genes that underlie the synthesis of Aib peptides flourished early on in the K/T transition and attacked species – including dinosaurs – that lacked counter immune mechanisms. Species (including mammals) that possessed or developed effective defence mechanisms won through in the early Tertiary-period flowering of new species. The genetic coding for Aib peptide synthesis might have evolved by natural selection. However, the coincidence in the boundary record between Aib peptides and the rise of iridium is indicative of the Aib blueprint arriving from space, in some carrier-organism or in microfungi themselves.
Calibration of the Pre-Main Sequence Binary System RS Cha: Impact of the Initial Chemical Mixture
Authors: Alecian E. , Lebreton Y. , Goupil M.-J. , Dupret M.-A. , Catala C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAccurate observational data are available for the eclipsing double-lined spectroscopic binary system RS Cha, composed of two stars in the pre-main sequence stage of evolution: masses, radii, luminosities and effective temperatures of each component and metallicity of the system. This allows to build pre-main sequence stellar models representing the components of RS Cha and to constrain them in terms of physical ingredients, initial chemical composition and age.We present stellar models we have calculated using the CESAM stellar evolution code for different sets of physical inputs (opacities, nuclear reaction rates, etc.) and different initial parameters (global metallicity, helium abundance, individual abundances of heavy elements). We discuss their ability to reproduce the observational constraints simultaneously for the two components. We focus on the impact on the models of the chemical mixture adopted and we propose a calibration for the RS Cha system providing an estimate of its age and initial helium abundance.
An Investigation of the Small Eccentricity in the Spectroscopic Binary System ζ TrA
Authors: Komonjinda S. , Hearnshaw J.B. , Ramm D.J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe orbital eccentricity of the SB1 system ζ TrA (S.T. F9V, P ∼ 13 d) was found by Skuljan et al. (2004) to be e = 0.01398 ± 0.00019. Lucy (2005) devised a statistical test of the significance of this result, based on the amplitude and phase of the third harmonic in the Fourier analysis of the radial velocity data, and concluded that the non-zero eccentricity measured does not arise from a slightly eccentric Keplerian orbit, but from proximity effects in the binary. He therefore believes a circular orbit should be assigned to this system. In this paper we investigate one possible proximity effect, namely the tidal distortion of the primary star, such that the measured Doppler shift does not accurately indicate the centre of mass radial velocity of the star as a whole. The code of Wilson & Devinney (2003) was used to model the tidal distortion of the measured radial velocities, assuming a range of possible secondary masses, corresponding to M-dwarf companions. The result is that even for the lowest possible mass secondary of 0.09M⊙ with sin i = 1 (this gives the greatest tidal distortion, as it is closest to the primary) there is no significant effect on the radial velocities (the differences are of order 1 m s−1 as a result of the tidal effects). Similar negligible tidal effects arise using a white dwarf companion. We note that the difference between a circular orbit and the observations amounts to as much as 140 m s−1 at some phases, which is essentially the amplitude of the second harmonic in the data. Our conclusion is that this strong and highly significant second harmonic is most probably the result of a small orbital eccentricity as reported by Skuljan et al (2004). We note that the observed third harmonic according to Lucy (2005) has an amplitude of only 5.2 ± 2.0 m s−1, which is just over twice the error bar of its measurement, and that the predicted third harmonic for an eccentric orbit is only 1.6 m s−1.
Doppler Imaging of Stars with Roche–Geometry
Authors: Kővári Zs. , Bartus J. , Oláh K. , Strassmeier K.G. , Rice J.B. , Weber M. , Forgács-Dajka E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTests are carried out on retrieving Doppler maps from distorted stars in close binaries to estimate how Doppler imaging may be aliased by ellipticity. Maps obtained for the distorted shape are compared with the results of the simple spherical approximation, using real data of the RS CVn-type close binary star ζ Andromedae.
How to Measure Gravitational Aberration?
Authors: Křížek Michal , Šolcová Alena 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn 1905, Henri Poincaré predicted the existence of gravitational waves and assumed their speed equal to the speed of light. If additionally the gravitational aberration would have the same magnitude as the aberration of light, we would observe several paradoxical phenomena. For instance, the orbit of two bodies would be unstable, since two attractive forces arise that are not in line and hence form a couple. This will be modelled by a nonautonomous system of ordinary differential equations with delay. In fact, any positive value of the gravitational aberration increases the angular momentum of such a system and this may contribute to the expansion of the universe. We found a remarkable coincidence between the Hubble constant and the increasing distance of the Moon from the Earth.In 2000, Carlip showed that in general relativity gravitational aberration is almost cancelled out by velocity–dependent interactions. We show how the actual value of the gravitational aberration can be obtained by measurement of a single angle at a suitable time t* corresponding to the perihelion of an elliptic orbit. We also derive an a priori error estimate that expresses how accurately t* has to be determined to obtain the gravitational aberration to a prescribed tolerance.
U.S. Naval Observatory Double Star CD 2006.5
Authors: Mason Brian D. , Hartkopf William I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe U.S. Naval Observatory has produced its second CDROM of double star catalogs. This successor to the 2001.0 CDROM includes the latest versions (June 30 2006) of four major double star catalogs maintained at the USNO:•Washington Double Star Catalog(WDS),•Second Photometric Magnitude Difference Catalog,•Fourth Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars, and•Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars.Each of these catalogs had seen significant changes during the past six years; for example, the WDS has grown by over 150,000 measures and the number of systems in theInterferometric Cataloghas nearly doubled. Other improvements include precise coordinates for the vast majority of systems, as well as new observing lists for tens of thousands of “neglected” doubles.Also included on this CDROM is aCatalog of Linear Elementsfor several hundred optical pairs. These elements should prove useful for improving the components' proper motions, as well as providing scale calibration out to several tens of arcseconds.As was done with its predecessor, the new CDROM is automatically distributed free of charge to members of the double star community and to astronomy libraries. Others may receive a complementary copy upon request.
Multiplicity Study of Exoplanet Host Stars: the HD 3651 AB System
Authors: Mugrauer M. , Seifahrt A. , Neuhäuser R. , Mazeh T. , Schmidt T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report on new results of our multiplicity study and present our follow-up observations of the recently detected faint companion HD 3651 B, the first directly–imaged T dwarf companion of an exoplanet host star.
Eclipsing Binaries in Open Clusters
Authors: Southworth John 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDetached eclipsing binaries are very useful objects for calibrating theoretical stellar models and checking their predictions. Detached eclipsing binaries in open clusters are particularly important because of the additional constraints on their age and chemical composition from their membership of the cluster. I compile a list containing absolute parameters of well-studied eclipsing binaries in open clusters, and present new observational data on the B-type systems V1481 Cyg and V2263 Cyg which are members of the young open cluster NGC 7128.
Application of the Field System-FS9 and a PC to the antenna control unit interface in radio astronomy in Peru
Authors: Vidal Erick , Ishitsuka José , Koyama Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe are in the process to transform a 32m antenna in Peru, used for telecommunications, into a Radio Telescope to perform Radio Astronomy in Peru. The 32m antenna of Peru constructed by NEC was used for telecommunications with communications satellites at 6 GHz for transmission, and 4 GHz for reception.In collaboration of National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Japan, and National Observatory of Japan we developed an Antenna Control System for the 32m antenna in Peru. It is based on the Field System FS9, software released by NASA for VLBI station, and an interface to link PC within FS9 software (PC-FS9) and Antenna Control Unit (ACU) of the 32 meters antenna.The PC-FS9 controls the antenna, commands are translated by interface into control signals compatibles with the ACU using: an I/O digital card with two 20bits ports to read azimuth and elevation angles, one 16bits port for reading status of ACU, one 24bits port to send pulses to start or stop operations of antenna, two channels are analogue outputs to drive the azimuth and elevation motors of the antenna, a LCD display to show the status of interface and error messages, and one serial port for communications with PC-FS9.The first experiment of the control system was made with 11m parabolic antenna of Kashima Space Research Center-NICT, where we tested the right working of the routines implemented for de FS9 software, and simulations was made with looped data between output and input of the interface, both test were done successfully.With this scientific instrument we will be able to contribute with researching of astrophysics. We expect to into a near future to work at 6.7GHz to study Methanol masers, and higher frequencies with some improvements of the surface of the dish.
Building capacity for astronomy research and education in Africa
Authors: Martinez Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAbout 1.5% of the world's professional astronomers are based Africa, yet in terms of research output, African astronomers produce less than 1% of the world's astronomical research. The advent of new large-scale facilities such as SALT and HESS provides African astronomers with tools to pursue their research on the continent. Such facilities also provide unprecedented training opportunities for the next generation of African astronomers. This paper discusses recent efforts to develop astronomy education and research capacity on the continent. Various capacity-building initiatives are discussed, as well as the lessons learnt from those initiatives.
ORGANOTIN IMPLICATIONS IN ANTICARCINOGENESIS. BACKGROUND AND THYMUS INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Cardarelli Nathan F , Quitter Bernadette M , Allen Anthony , Dobbins Emmy , Libby Eugene P , Hager Patrick , Sherman Larry R 
Published: August 2007

SummaryA comprehensive study of the scientific literature regarding tin content in normal and pathogenic human tissue has disclosed that various organotin materials retard both the onset and growth of cancer in laboratory animals, and decreased tissue tin in humans may be associated with tumour development.Initial studies by the authors have shown that the thymus gland of the mouse possesses a relatively high concentration of tin and is also the major site of accumulation for 14C‐labelled tri‐n‐butyltin fluoride (TBTF). When mammary cancer‐prone mice with transplanted tumours were orally dosed continuously with this agent in their drinking water, the tumour growth rate was significantly reduced. Both mouse mammary tumours and human lung tumours show low tin content compared to normal body tissue.
THE POTENTIAL BRONCHODILATOR ACTION OF VERAPAMIL
Authors: Cade JF , Clegg EA , Moulds RFW , Santamaria JD , Rubinfeld AR , Pain MCF 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAlthough calcium antagonists such verapamil are used primarily in cardiovascular disease, they appear to relax smooth muscle generally. Therefore, the possibility that verapamil might have bronchodilator properties was explored using the guinea‐pig tracheal ring technique. Verapamil was found to produce considerable tracheal smooth muscle relaxation from a threshold concentration of 2 × 10−7M and with maximum effect at 10−3M. The responses to the contractile agonists histamine and prostaglandin F2α and especially methacholine and serotonin were substantially reduced by prior administration of verapamil. Verapamil 2 × 10−4M was equally effective as isoprenaline 10−8M in producing 50% maximum direct relaxation but was more effective than isoprenaline as an antagonist of the contractile agonists, methacholine, histamine and serotonin, but not prostaglandin F2α. Verapamil abolished the contractile responses to barium chloride. It is concluded that, although verapamil was not very potent as a direct bronchodilator, it could potentially be of prophylactic benefit in asthma because of its efficacy as an antagonist of common contractile agonists.
MIGRATION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS AND MACROPHAGES FROM BONE MARROW TO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY AFTER (3H)‐THYMIDINE LABELLING OF RAT TIBIAL BONE MARROW IN VIVO
Authors: Smeaton TC 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe kinetics of migration of bone marrow cells to the peritoneal cavity have been studied using in vivo labelling of the marrow of the rat tibia with (methyl‐3H)‐thymidine (*TdR). The incorporation of 3H into DNA is directly related to the amount infused over a thirty‐minute period, though only 2–3% of the infused dose is incorporated into DNA in the bone. Autoradiography has shown widespread labelling of bone marrow cells throughout the tibia. Band cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) show an increase in labelling during the 2–3 days after infusion, confirming the maturation of granulocytes prior to their release to the circulation. The disappearance of 3H‐labelled DNA from the bone occurs rapidly during the 3 days after infusion of *TdR with a half‐life (t½) of 1·4‐1·7 days. There is a concomitant increase in the specific activity of DNA in peritoneal cells elicited by agar, particularly in the macrophage (Mφ), Labelling of PMN in the peritoneal exudate occurs only when agar is injected from 2–4 days after infusion of *TdR. The time for maturation of PMN in the rat bone marrow (BM) (2–3 days) has been confirmed, and the method of labelling permits both measurement of the migration of cells from BM to peritoneal cavity and an estimate of the rates of migration.
ULTRAVIOLET CARCINOGENESIS IN THE HAIRLESS MOUSE SKIN INFLUENCE OF THE SUNSCREEN 2‐ETHYLHEXYL‐P‐METHOXYCINNAMATE
Authors: Gallagher CH , Greenoak GE , Reeve Vivienne E , Canfield PJ , Baker RSU , Bonin AM 
Published: August 2007

SummaryThe mutagenicity of some samples of a commonly used sunscreen, 2‐ethylhexyl‐p‐methoxycinnamate (2‐EHMC), led to these studies of its potential carcinogenicity in the HRA/Skh hairless mouse.In a daily treatment regime, repeated for 9 weeks, groups of mice were painted on the dorsum with 2‐EHMC, and were then exposed to low doses of one of two artificial ultraviolet (UV) light sources. Mice were also treated with UV alone and with 2‐EHMC alone. The accumulated UV exposure alone produced tumours in 40–100% of mice. However, 2‐EHMC‐treated mice were protected. Subsequent treatment of the 2‐EHMC‐protected mice, and mice previously treated with 2‐EHMC alone, with the tumour promoter, croton oil, produced tumours on a significant number of animals.We conclude that 2‐EHMC protects from UV tumorigenesis in the absence of a tumour promoter. However, although tumours appeared on only 4 out of 160 2‐EHMC‐treated mice exposed to UV, the carcinogenic process had been initiated in others, as application of the tumour promoter, croton oil, produced tumours. Statistical analysis of the incidence of promoted tumours inferred that prior irradiation with UV may not have been implicated. Therefore, 2‐EHMC itself may initiate tumours in this strain of hairless mouse.
ISOLATION OF ORTHO‐ AND PARAMYXOVIRUSES FROM WILD BIRDS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AND THE CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL INFLUENZA A VIRUSES
Authors: Mackenzie JS , Edwards EC , Holmes RM , Hinshaw VS 
Published: August 2007

SummaryAs part of the World Health Organization's international programme on the ecology of influenza, cloacal swabs were collected from 3, 736 birds belonging to 67 species over a 3‐year period in Western Australia for the isolation of ortho‐ and paramyxoviruses. A total of 24 influenza A viruses were isolated from various species of ducks, shearwaters, noddies, terns and a coot, and were sub‐typed as H1N9, H3N8, H4N4, H4N6, H6N2, H6N4, H?N2, H?N6 and H?N9. The H? haemugglutinins did not react in tests with reference antisera. Whether they represent a novel haemagglutinin subtype or atypical members of an established subtype remains to be determined, although preliminary results indicate that they may be atypical members of the H7 subtype. The H1N9 isolate is the first reported isolate of this particular antigenic combination. A total of 17 Newcastle disease viruses was isolated from ducks, noddies, terns and a black‐fronted plover: preliminary results suggest that they are avirulent for domestic chickens. This study indicates that ortho‐ and paramyxoviruses are present in a variety of wild birds in Australia.
Fosmids of novel marine Planctomycetes from the Namibian and Oregon coast upwelling systems and their cross-comparison with planctomycete genomes
Authors: Woebken Dagmar , Teeling Hanno , Wecker Patricia , Dumitriu Alexandra , Kostadinov Ivaylo , DeLong Edward F , Amann Rudolf , Glöckner Frank O 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Planctomycetes are widely distributed in marine environments, where they supposedly play a role in carbon recycling. To deepen our understanding about the ecology of this sparsely studied phylum six planctomycete fosmids from two marine upwelling systems were investigated and compared with all available planctomycete genomic sequences including the as yet unpublished near-complete genomes of Blastopirellula marina DSM 3645T and Planctomyces maris DSM 8797T. High numbers of sulfatase genes (41–109) were found on all marine planctomycete genomes and on two fosmids (2). Furthermore, C1 metabolism genes otherwise only known from methanogenic Archaea and methylotrophic Proteobacteria were found on two fosmids and all planctomycete genomes, except for ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. Codon usage analysis indicated high expression levels for some of these genes. In addition, novel large families of planctomycete-specific paralogs with as yet unknown functions were identified, which are notably absent from the genome of ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The high numbers of sulfatases in marine planctomycetes characterizes them as specialists for the initial breakdown of sulfatated heteropolysaccharides and indicate their importance for recycling carbon from these compounds. The almost ubiquitous presence of C1 metabolism genes among Planctomycetes together with codon usage analysis and information from the genomes suggest a general importance of these genes for Planctomycetes other than formaldehyde detoxification. The notable absence of these genes in Candidatus K. stuttgartiensis plus the surprising lack of almost any planctomycete-specific gene within this organism reveals an unexpected distinctiveness of anammox bacteria from all other Planctomycetes.
Medical Student Observations on a Career in Psychiatry
Authors: Wigney Tessa , Parker Gordon 
Published: August 2007

Objective: Interest in training in psychiatry appears to be in decline. To pursue reasons why a career in psychiatry is not regarded as an attractive option for trainees, attitudes of senior Australian medical students were surveyed. Method: Fifty five medical students from one university were set a question inviting them to detail reasons why doctors might be less likely to train in psychiatry as part of their written examination in psychiatry. Several major themes and salient statements were identified from a qualitative analysis. Results: Analysis identified several multifaceted factors, including a difficult and pressured work environment and lack of resources due to chronic underfunding; perceived deficiency of personal skills, such as empathy; inadequate income; negative implications of stigma, low prestige, and limited patient gratitude and job satisfaction. These issues, coupled with the widespread belief that the discipline is unscientific and not “real medicine”, may contribute to later decisions not to pursue training in psychiatry. Conclusions: While the framing of the research question was biased towards eliciting negative evaluations of a career in psychiatry, the responses are nonetheless instructive in helping to understand the reasons why potential trainees might be discouraged from the field. If psychiatry is to attract high-quality recruits, there is clearly a need to address stigmatizing attitudes within the medical hierarchy, and provide positive educational experiences for medical students that excite their imagination about a career or even a calling – as against its negative ‘job’ status.