bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic evaluation of gallbladder kinetics: In vitro and in vivo comparison of different methods to assess gallbladder emptying
Authors: Wedmann Bernd , Schmidt Gabriele , Wegener Martin , Coenen Christoph , Ricken Dieter , Dröge Cornelia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an in vitro study, 10 gallbladders of adult pigs and 6 gallbladders of lambs, all removed immediately after slaughtering, were stimulated in a water bath by electric means to induce active contraction. Gallbladder emptying was followed by ultrasonography employing five measurement procedures: (1) gallbladder width, (2) longitudinal planimetry, (3) transverse planimetry, (4) ellipsoid method, and (5) sum of cylinders method.In an in vivo investigation, gallbladder emptying of 30 volunteers (12) healthy subjects, 18 diabetics) was evaluated in the same way after ingestion of a fatty meal. Gallbladder width was found to be unsuitable to estimate the decrease in gallbladder volume due to a nonlinear relation of the parameters. Longitudinal planimetry tended to be less valid than transverse of planimetry in assessing gallbladder volume reduction.The most valid estimation of gallbladder volume decreases was obtained by the two three‐dimensional procedures. However, in neither in vitro nor in vivo could a significant difference between the sum of cylinders method and the ellipsoid method in determining relative volume reduction be established.We conclude that a three‐dimensional measurement procedure should be used for valid assessments of gallbladder motility. However, according to our data there is no advantage in using the time‐consuming sum of cylinders method compared to the simple ellipsoid method.
Ultrasound for closed femoral nailing
Authors: Mahaisavariya Banchong , Suibnugarn Chavengsakdi , Mairiang Eimorn , Saengnipanthkul Sukit , Laupattarakasem Wiroon , Kosuwon Weerachai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new application of operative ultrasound to help assess the fracture alignment for closed reduction and passing the guide wire in closed femoral nailing is described. This method can be used instead of fluoroscopic monitoring in certain important steps which can markedly reduce the exposure time of fluoroscopic monitoring. Nine of ten cases were successful using this technique for closed unlocked nailing with an average ultrasound monitoring time of 8 minutes. The time required for fluoroscopic assessment was reduced to less than 1 minute for each successful case.
Quantification of training in obstetrical ultrasound: A study of family practice residents
Authors: Smith Clark B. , Sakornbut Ellen L. , Dickinson Linda C. , Bullock Gerald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was done to determine how rapidly physicians in training could become competent in performing obstetrical ultrasound for the purposes of routine evaluations (i.e., the standard examination as defined by AIUM). The scan measurements and results of organ surveys of 12 family medicine residents were compared with the results obtained by faculty members experienced in obstetrical ultrasound. Residents rapidly became proficient in biometry. The mean menstrual age calculated from BPD, AC, HC, and FL differed from faculty values by 0.381 weeks after residents had performed 40 supervised scans. Organ survey success rates demonstrated similar high concordance between resident and faculty scans.
Superficial masses with color flow Doppler imaging
Authors: Mitchell Donald G. , Merton Daniel A. , Liu Ji‐Bin , Goldberg Barry B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColor Doppler imaging findings and spectral waveforms were reviewed for 21 superficial masses in which color Doppler imaging revealed flow. This series included 5 benign hyperplastic lymph nodes, 5 malignant masses, 2 staphylococcus abscesses, and 9 pseudoaneurysms. Benign hyperplastic nodes had a vascular pattern consisting of prominent central flow with a branching radial pattern, reflecting the morphology of lymph nodes. One metastasis from melanoma demonstrated abundant peripheral flow and central avascularity, while the other 4 malignant masses and the 2 abscesses had sparse internal flow. All pseudoaneurysms had a to‐and‐fro imaging and spectral pattern (into the mass during systole, out during diastole), and/or a swirling pattern on real‐time images (8 of 9 each). Doppler spectral analysis revealed continuous forward flow during diastole for all other masses and abscesses. Waveforms appeared similar for benign and malignant masses, and for abscesses. Conventional image‐directed Doppler examinations performed prior to color Doppler studies failed to reveal flow in 2 partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysms, 1 malignant mass, and 1 abscess. Benign hyperplastic nodes, malignant masses, and pseudoaneurysms had distinctive color Doppler image appearances in this series, although demonstration of flow within a mass does not eliminate the possibility of abscess. Proper use of color and spectral Doppler analysis of superficial masses involves more than mere detection or exclusion of flow.
Double pigtail cystogastric stent in the management of pancreatic pseudocyst
Authors: Das Karunamoy , Kochhar Rakesh , Kaushik Satyender P. , Gupta Narender M. , Mehta Satish K. , Suri Sudha , Ms Jay Dev Wig 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe placement of a double pigtail cystogastric stent in 5 patients with pancreatic pseudocyst using real‐time ultrasonography and fluoroscopy as guidance techniques. This was done as a two‐step procedure. First, a transgastric drainage catheter was placed for a period of six days. All the patients continued to have high drainage output and the cyst size decreased, as seen sonographically. Simultaneous barium meal and sinogram were then done to measure the distance between the posterior gastric wall and the cyst. A polyurethane double pigtail stent of appropriate size was then introduced to achieve cystogastric drainage. The cyst resolved in all the patients by four weeks to six weeks, when the stent was removed endoscopically. There was no recurrence of pseudocyst during follow‐up for 6 months to 13 months. None of the patients suffered any complication. Cystogastric drainage using a double pigtail stent is an easy and safe alternative to surgical cystogastrostomy.
In vivo validation of image‐directed doppler measurement of superior mesenteric artery blood flow
Authors: Scheurlen Michael , Waller Cornelius , Hartmann Franz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImage‐directed Doppler measurement of superior mesenteric artery blood flow in volunteers was validated in two artificial models with either a venous or an arterial flow profile. In the “venous” model, the Doppler device overestimated the real flow velocity by 86 ± 7%, and in the “arterial” model by 24 ± 9%. The areas under the time‐frequency curves (AUCs) from the arterial model were measured by planimetry. A correction factor of 1.47 between flow velocities calculated after planimetry and real flow was established. Correction for this factor resulted in a flow velocity of 19.5 ± 4.7 cm/s and a blood flow rate of 377 ± 166 ml/min in the volunteers.
Clinical versus ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland in common clinical practice
Authors: Brander A. , Viikinkoski P. , Tuuhea J. , Voutilainen L. , Kivisaari L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a prospective series of 72 patients, clinical and ultrasonographic examination of the thyroid gland were compared in detail. Normal‐sized lobes were differentiated from enlarged ones both by inspection and by palpation. When lobar size was assessed by palpation, the estimate was most clearly influenced by increase in width. The correlation between two examiners in lobe size assessment was significant. In the classification of thyroid disease as diffuse, solitary, or multinodular, clinical examination and ultrasonography correlated significantly. However, only one third of the clinically solitary nodules proved to be solitary by ultrasound examination. Of 77 separate nodules, 43 escaped detection on clinical examination. Of these 43, 14 nodules exceeded 2 cm in diameter. It is concluded that the use of ultrasonography frequently alters the primary evaluation of thyroid nodularity based on palpation.
Color flow doppler ultrasonography: Comparison with peripheral arteriography for the investigation of peripheral vascular disease
Authors: Whelan J. F. , Barry M. H. , Moir J. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing arteriography as the gold standard, Color flow Doppler ultrasonography was evaluated with regard to its ability to detect peripheral vascular occlusive disease and hemodynamically significant stenosis in patients having peripheral arteriography. One hundred legs in 51 patients were compared at seven arterial segments for disease. Color flow Doppler ultrasonography correctly detected 84 occluded segments, and demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity for patency vs occlusive disease of 95% and 99%, respectively. One hundred and thirty hemodynamically significant lesions (occlusions plus significant stenosis) were correctly identified with color flow Doppler ultrasonography, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 97%, respectively.Color flow Doppler ultrasonography is a safe, inexpensive, and noninvasive method of accurately documenting significant peripheral arterial disease and offers a new first‐line investigation for patients presenting with symptoms of peripheral arterial insufficiency.
Color Doppler imaging of the cystic artery
Authors: McGrath Frank P. , Lee Stephen H. , Gibney Robert G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColor Doppler ultrasonography was used to examine the gallbladder vascular supply in 30 volunteers and in 30 biliary lithotripsy patients pre‐ and 2 hours posttreatment. A preliminary study of 10 cases of acute cholecystitis was also performed. A cystic artery waveform was obtained in 24 of the volunteers, 18 pre‐ and postlithotripsy patients, and in 1 of 10 patients with acute cholecystitis. The mean pulsatility indices obtained were 1.04 in the volunteers, 0.98 pre‐ and 1.02 postlithotripsy (p > 0.1). This study shows that the normal gallbladder blood supply can be consistently identified using color Doppler flow imaging and that there is no appreciable difference in the cystic artery pulsatility index following medium‐energy shock‐wave extracorporeal lithotripsy. Preliminary results in acute cholecystitis suggest that flow is decreased below the sensitivity of the color Doppler imaging system used in this investigation.
Measurements of uterine volume: A comparison between measurements by ultrasonography and by water displacement
Authors: Wiener Jarmila Josefa , Newcombe Robert G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uterine volume was measured in 30 patients 24 hours before hysterectomy by ultrasonography using the prolate ellipsoid formula. At hysterectomy the volumes of the same uteri were measured again by water displacement. A comparison is made between the two methods of measurements. Although the correlation between the methods is high (r = 0.964) and the mean percentage bias very small (+2.0%), the agreement between the methods for 95% of subjects is between −33.6, 8% and +37.6%. This is a potentially large disagreement relative to the typical size of the uterus, indicating that ultrasonic uterine volume measurement by the prolate ellipsoid method is not adequately precise for clinical management of the individual patient. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sonographic findings in gallbladder ascariasis
Authors: Sultan Khuroo Mohammad , Ali Zargar Showkat , Nabi Yattoo Ghulam , Yousuf Dar Mohamad , Javid Gul , Ahmad Khan Bashir , Iqbal Boda Mohamad , Mahajan Rakesh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInvasion of the adult roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, into the gallbladder is rare and was seen in 14(2.1%) of the 665 cases with hepatobiliary ascariasis. The diagnosis was suggested in all 13 cases in which sonography was performed and in 5 of the 11 cases at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Sonographic findings included a nonshadowing, long, echogenic structure in the form of a coil, an echogenic strip with central anechoic tube, an echogenic structure extending across the gallbladder giving it a septate appearance, and characteristic erratic, nondirectional, zig‐zag movements of these echogenic structures in the gallbladder. Serial sonograms accurately predicted spontaneous exit of the worm. Pregnancy and anomalous origin of the cystic duct directly from the papilla of Vater facilitated worm invasion into the gallbladder. We conclude that real‐time sonography offers a simple, rapid approach for the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients, whereas endoscopic retrograde cholangiography has limited diagnostic value in this disorder. ©1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A prospective comparative study of transvaginal ultrasonography and digital examination for cervical assessment in the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Lim B. H. , Mahmood T. A. , Smith N. C. , Beat I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDigital examination of the cervix has traditionally been the “gold standard” for cervical assessment. However, it can be subject to inter‐ as well as intraobserver variation. The usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonography for cervical assessment is examined in this study. Although differences between measurements of transvaginal ultrasonography and digital examinations were observed, transvaginal ultrasonography appears to be a potentially useful and reproducible technique for assessing cervical changes in pregnancy and for prediction of onset of labor.
Sonourethrography in the evaluation of anterior urethral strictures: Correlation with radiographic urethrography
Authors: Gupta Sanjay , Majumdar Banibrata , Tiwari Ashutosh , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Anant , Gujral Ratni B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 30 patients with suspected urethral strictures underwent sonographic and roentgenographic urethrograms. Two patients showed a normal anterior urethra in the sonourethrogram; 29 strictures were diagnosed in the remaining 28 patients, 1 patient showing strictures at two different sites. Sonourethrography was an accurate predictor of stricture length, retrograde urethrography underestimating the stricture length in most of the cases. Periurethral structures, including the urethral wall, corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa, bulb, and external urinary sphincter, were seen clearly with sonourethrography. Periurethral fibrosis was seen in 16 patients and graded as mild (n = 5), moderate (n = 2) or severe (n = 9), depending on the depth of involvement of the corpus spongiosum. Sonourethrography was unsatisfactory in the evaluation of membranous strictures, failing to visualize the proximal limit of the stricture. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Myoma vs. contraction in pregnancy: Differentiation with color Doppler imaging
Authors: Kessler Ada , Mitchell Donald G. , Kuhlman Kathleen , Goldberg Barry B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring pregnancy, leiomyomas may cause complications such as spontaneous abortion, premature labor, and obstruction of labor. The conventional real‐time ultrasound examination usually detects myomas adequately, but, in some cases, a local thickening of the uterine wall persists throughout the examination, interfering with the differentiation between myoma and contraction. In such cases, repeat scanning approximately 30 minutes later differentiates contractions, which usually resolve, from myomas.We examined 10 patients with B mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. In the 5 patients with myoma, we observed splaying of the vessels around the mass, whereas in the 5 patients with contraction, there was no vessel displacement in the area of the local myometrial thickening. The use of color Doppler and observation of these findings may obviate a prolonged ultrasound examination in questionable cases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonic signs of pneumothorax: Preliminary work
Authors: Targhetta RéMi , Bourgeois Jean‐Marie , Chavagneux Roseline , Coste Estelle , Amy Dominique , Balmes Pierre , Pourcelot Léandre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography is considered to have limited application in respiratory diseases because air reflects sound waves. Twenty‐four patients with radiologically confirmed pneumothorax and 100 healthy subjects underwent sonography. In all normal subjects, the hyperechoic pulmonary interface showed respiratory motions termed the “gliding sign” with some comet‐tail artifacts. Sonographic signs were shown in all pneumothoraces: disappearance of the gliding sign and no comet tails. The extent of collapse cannot be evaluated, but it is possible to determine its area in partial pneumothorax (N = 5). The follow‐up (N = 8) showed the reappearance of the gliding sign. Ultrasonography may be helpful in diagnosing pneumothorax in certain cases. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonography and biliary extracorporeal shock‐wave lithotripsy
Authors: Jakobeit Christian , Greiner Lucas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of shock‐wave treatment of gallbladder stones depend to a very high degree on the quality and expertise of ultrasonography applied before, during, and after shock‐wave disintegration of the stones. Ultrasonography is decisive in evaluating the inclusion criteria; it is the method of choice for directing the shockwave energy at the stones and monitoring the disintegration process. It is the only diagnostic modality to really demonstrate the gallbladder being free from stones. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonographic changes of early liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B: A longitudinal study
Authors: Lin Deng‐Yn , Sheen I‐Shyan , Chiu Cheng‐Tang , Lin Shi‐Ming , Kuo Yow‐Chii , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography of prospectively followed chronic hepatitis B patients who developed liver cirrhosis were reevaluated in order to identify the ultrasonographic changes of early cirrhosis. Ultrasonographic features of 29 patients before and after cirrhosis were as follows: portal vein diameter—1.20 cm/1.29 cm (NS); cirrhosis score—5.69/7.52 (p < 0.01); spleen size index—21.99 cm2/25.84 cm2 (NS). The result suggests that ultrasonographic diagnosis of early cirrhosis is not easy on a single occasion; however, the score system method is helpful in longitudinal follow‐up chronic hepatitis patients. A careful comparison of hepatic parenchymal and surface changes are mandatory. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Correlation of antenatal ultrasonography and pathological examinations in 153 malformed fetuses
Authors: Weston Michael J. , Porter Helen J. , Andrews Heather S. , Berry P. Jem 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFindings in 153 abnormal fetuses diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound and subsequently examined by a pediatric pathologist were reviewed. The primary diagnoses in the 153 cases were 67 nervous system anomalies, 19 gastrointestinal system anomalies, 18 genitourinary system anomalies, 13 chromosomal abnormalities, 10 skeletal system amonalies, and 26 other abnormalities. Forty‐six percent of the total number had multiple abnormalities. In 67 cases (44%), autopsy showed further anomalies or altered the ultrasonographic diagnosis. However, in only 36 (25%) were there autopsy findings that altered management. Errors in ultrasound diagnosis were most commonly associated with the presence of multiple anomalies and oligohydramnios. Expert pathological examination remains an essential tool in the management of fetal anomaly. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonic imaging of the tongue, mouth, and vocal cords in normal children: Establishment of basic scanning positions
Authors: Ueda Daisuke , Yano Kouichi , Okuno Akimasa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the soft tissue anatomy of the tongue, mouth, and vocal cords in 25 healthy children by ultrasonography, and established basic scanning positions for these organs. In the tongue and the mouth—four scanning positions: the midline sagittal, the paramidline sagittal, the anterior coronal, and the posterior coronal—covered major anatomical components. We could delineate vocal cords in all subjects by transverse scanning on the thyroid cartilage. Although disorders associated with the tongue, floor of the mouth, and vocal cords are less frequent in children, one should recognize normal ultrasound findings to distinguish them from abnormalities. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A modified transvaginal sonographic technique for better ovarian evaluation
Authors: Pardo Joseph , Kaplan Boris , Rosenberg Carlos , Ovadia Yardena , Neri Alexander 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSonographic evaluation of the pelvis of postmenopausal women is not complete until both ovaries are scanned. Transvaginal sonographic examination combined with transabdominal screening is diagnostic in 85% of cases. Transvaginal examination performed with a partially full bladder significantly increased ovarian detection to 93.5% (p < 0.05). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vascular signals from pleura‐based lung lesions studied with pulsed Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Civardi Giuseppe , Fornari Fabio , Cavanna Luigi , Di Stasi Michele , Sbolli Giorgio , Rossi Sandro , Buscarini Elisabetta , Buscarini Luigi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVascular signals arising from pleura‐based lung lesions were studied in 50 patients using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. Twenty‐seven had malignant lesions and 23 benign lesions. In 24/27 of the malignant masses, we observed no Doppler signals: in 2 cases, a low‐velocity, turbulent, pulsatile flow was demonstrated; in 1 case pulsed Doppler ultrasonography showed only a low‐velocity, continuous flow. In 20/23 of the benign lesions, we found 2 types of Doppler signal waveforms: an irregularly pulsatile, venous‐like signal, and a regularly pulsatile, arterial‐like waveform. The last 8 patients of our series underwent color Doppler ultrasound examination, which demonstrated the presence of arterial and venous vessels in 4 benign lesions and the absence of blood flow in 4 malignant masses. To our knowledge, we report for the first time the ability of obtaining Doppler signals from a variety of lung lesions. The actual clinical relevance of this application requires further studies. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Small‐for‐menstrual‐age infants: Different subgroups detected using individualized fetal growth assessment
Authors: Simon Nicolas V. , Deter Russell L. , Kofinas Alexander D. , Cavanaugh Sally H. , Shearer David M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur purpose was to study the individual fetal growth patterns of infants who were born small‐for‐menstrual‐age. Growth in the second and third trimester was assessed in 98 small‐for‐menstrual‐age infants, using individual fetal growth curves generated by the growth model: P = c(t)k+s(t). Growth indices were compared with those previously reported for that method in infants with normal growth. The small‐for‐menstrual‐age infants were distributed into four growth patterns, ie, infants with either normal or decreased second‐trimester growth indices, who, by the time of birth, succeed or fail in fulfilling their individual growth potential. These four growth patterns appear to be associated with different pathophysiological mechanisms and incidences of perinatal complications. Individual fetal growth assessment identifies differences in genetically determined growth and differentiates between fetuses who achieve their growth potential and those with growth failure who are at greater risk for fetal compromise. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.