bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships of Amphiphilic Organogelators
Authors: Mohmeyer Nils , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of low‐molecular‐weight amphiphilic molecules was synthesized and investigated for their ability to gel organic solvents. These amphiphilic molecules are composed of a head‐group moiety capable of forming intermolecular associations through hydrogen bonds and n‐alkyl chains of various lengths. This paper describes the continuation of recently published work, in which this class of gelators was presented for the first time. Here, the focus addresses systematically three different structural variations of the head‐group moiety: 1) the rigidity, 2) the type and strength of the hydrogen‐bond‐forming units, and 3) the reduction of the intermolecular interaction by incorporating a lateral substituent. The gelation behavior was investigated in p‐xylene and in several polar solvents. The aim was to establish structure–property relationships and to provide organogelators capable of forming gels at low concentrations with adjustable sol–gel transition temperatures and good optical quality. For some individual compounds of the series this property profile was achieved. For the investigated solvents, with particular compounds, sol–gel transition temperatures above 100 °C with a reasonable concentration of gelator are obtainable.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Structural Isomers of Dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinate Dimers: Dichalcogenides or Spirocyclic Contact Ion Pairs?
Authors: Ritch Jamie S. , Chivers Tristram , Eisler Dana J. , Tuononen Heikki M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA synthetic protocol for the tert‐butyl‐substituted dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinates [Na(tmeda){(EPtBu2)2N}] (3 a, E=S; 3 b, E=Se; 3 c, E=Te) has been developed. The one‐electron oxidation of the sodium complexes [Na(tmeda){(EPR2)2N}] with iodine produces a series of neutral dimers (EPR2NPR2E)2 (4 b, E=Se, R=iPr; 4 c, E=Te, R=iPr; 5 a, E=S, R=tBu; 5 b, E=Se, R=tBu; 5 c, E=Te, R=tBu). Attempts to prepare 4 a (E=S, R=iPr) in a similar manner produced a mixture including HN(SPiPr2). Compounds 4 b, 4 c and 5 a–c were characterised by multinuclear NMR spectra and by X‐ray crystallography, which revealed two alternative structures for these dimeric molecules. The derivatives 4 b, 4 c, 5 a and 5 b exhibit acyclic structures with a central chalcogen–chalcogen linkage that is elongated by approximately 2 % (E=S), 6 % (E=Se) and 8 % (E=Te) compared to typical single‐bond values. By contrast, 5 c adopts an unique spirocyclic contact ion‐pair structure in which a [(TePtBu2)2N]− ion is Te,Te′ chelated to an incipient [(TePtBu2)2N]+ cyclic ion. DFT calculations of the relative energies of the two structural isomers indicate a trend towards increasing stability for the contact ion pair relative to the corresponding dichalcogenide on going from S to Se to Te for both the isopropyl and tert‐butyl series. The two‐electron oxidation of [Na(tmeda){(EPtBu2)2N}] (E=S, Se, Te) with iodine produced the salts [(EPtBu2)2N]+X− (7 a, E=S, X=I3; 7 b, E=Se, X=I; 7 c, E=Te, X=I), which were characterised by X‐ray crystallography. Compound 7 a exists as a monomeric, ion‐separated complex with [d(SS)=2.084(2) Å]; 7 b and 7 c are dimeric [d(SeSe)=2.502(1) Å; d(TeTe)=2.884(1) Å].
Monitoring plasma voriconazole levels may be necessary to avoid subtherapeutic levels in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Trifilio Steve , Pennick Gennethel , Pi Judy , Zook Jennifer , Golf Mary , Kaniecki Kimberley , Singhal Seema , Williams Stephanie , Winter Jane , Tallman Martin , Gordon Leo , Frankfurt Olga , Evens Andrew , Mehta Jayesh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Low voriconazole levels have been associated with a higher failure rate in patients with confirmed fungal infections.METHODS.Steady‐state plasma trough voriconazole levels were measured after at least 5 days of therapy in 87 patients with hematologic malignancies on 201 separate occasions (1–5 levels per patient; median, 2). Most patients (90%) had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The daily voriconazole dose, administered in 2 divided doses, was 200 mg (n = 4), 400 mg (n = 151), 500 mg (n = 20), 600 mg (n = 18), and 800 mg (n = 8); corresponding to 2.0–16.3 (median, 5.4) mg/kg. Plasma voriconazole levels were 0–12.5 μg/mL (median, 1.2). Voriconazole was undetectable (<0.2 μg/mL) in 15%.RESULTS.The correlation between dose and levels was weak (r = 0.14; P = .045). The median absolute daily drug dose (400 mg) was identical in groups of patients with levels of 0, 0.2 to 0.5, >0.5 to 2.0, >2.0 to 5.0, and >5.0. Whereas the daily drug dose in mg/kg was significantly higher when the levels were >5.0 μg/mL, there was no consistent relation between dose and level below that threshold. In adult patients getting standard doses of voriconazole orally, the drug levels are highly variable. Based on limited available data, between a quarter and two‐thirds of these levels could potentially be associated with a lower likelihood of response or a higher likelihood of failure.CONCLUSIONS.Future voriconazole studies should incorporate prospective therapeutic drug monitoring and consideration should be given to checking levels in patients receiving the drug for confirmed, life‐threatening fungal infections. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: Report of a case on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Kaplan Keith J. , Escobar Maura , Alonzo Marc , Berlin Jonathan W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCiliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare, benign, solitary cyst consisting of ciliated columnar epithelium. They are lined by a layer of ciliated columnar cells and contain mucoid material and debris. It is the ciliated epithelium that distinguishes them from other hepatic cysts. The cyst is generally found incidentally on radiologic imaging or during surgical exploration. There has been an increase in the number of reports of CHFC during the past 15 years in the surgical pathology literature, presumably because of increased availability of various radiologic imaging modalities. Although it is rare, CHFC should be included in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the liver and is important to consider in aspirates obtained for the evaluation of possible neoplastic disease. We report a case diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration for a liver cyst discovered incidentally during the evaluation of acute pancreatitis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:245–249. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemistry for hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1β (HNF‐1β): A marker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Kato Noriko , Toukairin Michiko , Asanuma Izumi , Motoyama Teiichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent microarray studies have shown that the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1β (HNF‐1β) was significantly up‐regulated in clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary. HNF‐1β may be a useful marker for CCC in peritoneal fluid cytology. We designed an experimental study using three CCC cell lines to evaluate the influence of alcohol fixation or air drying on immunocytochemistry for HNF‐1β. Each cell line was cultured on chamber slides or transplanted into the abdominal cavity of nude mice, then the slides or ascites smears of nude mice were immunostained with or without microwave‐mediated epitope retrieval. Immunoreactivity with HNF‐1β, which was either alcohol‐fixed or air‐dried, was noticeably improved after microwave heating. In contrast, two serous adenocarcinoma cell lines never showed immunoreactivity. Based on these results, 21 archival Papanicolaou‐stained slides of peritoneal fluid (5 CCCs, 12 serous, 2 mucinous, and 2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas) were decolorized and immunostained under heating pretreatment. Five of 5 CCCs were distinctively positive for HNF‐1β, whereas all non‐CCC ovarian cancers were negative for this protein. The present study clearly demonstrated that heating epitope retrieval improved the immunoreactivity for a nuclear protein in alcohol‐fixed or air‐dried cytology specimens. HNF‐1β is likely to be helpful for the diagnosis of CCC in the peritoneal fluid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:193–197. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucinous carcinoma of breast with abundant psammoma bodies in fine‐needle aspiration cytology: A case report
Authors: Raveendran Pillai K. , Jayasree K. , Jayalal K. S. , Mani K. S. , Abraham Elizabeth K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology plays an important role in the diagnosis of various pathologic conditions in the breast. Microcalcification can be observed in benign and malignant breast lesions, but psammoma bodies (PBs) are rarely reported in breast lesions and are a feature of papillary neoplasms. However, we have observed PBs in large numbers in a mucinous carcinoma of breast, which is not previously reported in FNA of breast lesions. A 65‐yr‐old postmenopausal woman underwent FNA of a palpable mass. The aspirate revealed mucinous carcinoma cells associated with plenty of PBs. This case report of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with abundant PBs highlights the cytodiagnostic pattern of the lesion and formation of PBs. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:230–233. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV infections in cervical samples with normal and abnormal cytopathological findings
Authors: de Paula Francisco Danilo Ferreira , Fernandes Ana Paula , Carmo Bianca Bianco do , Vieira Daniela Cristina Duarte , Dutra Miriam Santos , Santos Caleb Guedes Miranda dos , Souza Maria do Carmo M. , Andrade Túlio César Alvim , Vago Annamaria Ravara , Fernandes Paula Ávila 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and human papillomaviruses (HPV) co‐infection could contribute to development of intraepithelial lesions. In this study, HPV and CT‐DNA were investigated in 250 cervicovaginal samples of patients from Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cytological analysis revealed that 70% of samples (175) were negative, 5.2% (13) presented atypical squamous or glandular cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS/AGUS), 12.4% (31) presented low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 10.8% (27) high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 1.6% (4) invasive carcinoma. HPV‐DNA and HPV/CT co‐infection was observed in 40% (100/250) and in 5.2% (13/250) of samples, respectively. Among the positive cytological samples, HPV‐DNA was detected in 73.3% and CT‐DNA in 9.33% and in 13%, if only the HPV positive samples were considered. The highest co‐infection rate (15.4%) was observed among ASCUS/AGUS samples. Although a significant association was found for HPV infection and the precursor lesions of cervical cancer, it was not possible to establish a significant association between these lesions and CT or HPV/CT co‐infection. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:198–202. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mycobacterial heat‐shock proteins as carrier molecules
Authors: Lussow Alexander R. , Barrios Christy , van Embden Jan , Van Der Zee Ruur , Verdini Antonio S. , Pessi Antonello , Louis Jacques A. , Lambert Paul‐Henri , Giudice Giuseppe Del 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that the priming of mice with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin, BCG) and immunization with the repetitive malaria synthetic peptide (NANP)40 conjugated to purified protein derivative (PPD), led to the induction of high and long‐lasting titers of anti‐peptide IgG antibodies, overcoming the requirement of adjuvants and the genetic restriction of the antibody response to the peptide (Lussow et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990. 87: 2960). This initial work led us to the following observations. BCG had to be live for priming to lead to the induction of anti‐peptide antibodies. Surprisingly, priming with other living microorganisms which chronically infect the macrophage (e.g. Salmonella typhimurium and Leishmania major) also induced anti‐peptide antibodies in mice immunized with PPD‐(NANP)40 conjugate. It was, thus, hypothesized that molecules expressed during active infection and also known to be highly conserved between species, namely the heat‐shock proteins (hsp), could mediate the T cell sensitization required for the production of anti‐peptide antibodies. In fact, when the PPD portion of the conjugate was replaced by a highly purified recombinant protein corresponding to the 65‐kDa (GroEL‐type) hsp of M. bovis, this resulted in the production of anti‐(NANP) IgG antibodies in BCG‐primed mice, irrespective of the major histocompatibility complex‐controlled responsiveness to the (NANP) sequence itself. Further, similar induction of anti‐peptide antibody response was also obtained with a recombinant 70‐kDa (DnaK‐type) hsp of M. tuberculosis, but not with a small molecular mass (18 kDa) of M. leprae. Finally, an adjuvant‐free carrier effect for anti‐peptide IgG antibody production in BCG‐primed mice, was also exerted by the GroEL hsp of Escherichia coli. This finding that hsp can act as carrier molecules without requiring conventional adjuvants is of potential importance in the development of vaccine strategies.
Interleukin 6 inhibits delayed‐type hypersensitivity and the development of adjuvant arthritis
Authors: Mihara Masahiko , Ikuta Makoto , Koishihara Yasuo , Ohsugi Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the effect of interleukin 6 (IL 6) on the delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH). In mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a DTH response was evoked by antigen challenge into the hind paw 5 days after immunization. The magnitude of the response was assessed by footpad swelling measured 24 h after antigen challenge. IL 6 significantly suppressed the DTH in its induction phase in a dose‐dependent manner when administered s.c. into the back at a dose of > 2.5 μg twice a day (5 μg/day) for 5 consecutive days from the day of immunization (day 0) to 1 day before antigen challenge (day 4). Heat‐inactivated IL 6 did not suppress the DTH response. Furthermore, the suppressive activity of IL 6 was completely abolished by affinity chromatography on an anti‐IL 6 antibody. This suppression was also obtained when IL 6 was administered only on day 0 and day 1, but not on days 3 and 4. This indicates that IL 6 acts on the early part of the induction phase of DTH development. Furthermore, footpad swelling was suppressed even by the administration of IL 6 after antigen challenge. These results show that IL 6 suppresses both the induction and effector phases of DTH. To confirm further this inhibitory effect of IL 6, we examined its effect on the development of adjuvant arthritis in rats. Administration of IL 6 also significantly suppressed the development of adjuvant arthritis.
Heterogeneous expression of CD23 epitopes by eosinophils from patients. Relationships with IgE‐mediated functions
Authors: Capron Monique , Truong Marie‐José , Aldebert Delphine , Gruart Valérie , Suemura Masaki , Delespesse Guy , Tourvieille Béatrice , Capron André 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe receptor for IgE (FcϵRII) on human eosinophils presents some common characteristics with CD23, a differentiation marker of B cells. We have used flow cytometry for evaluating the expression of various epitopes of CD23 on purified eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia. A correlation was found between the binding of myeloma IgE protein and the binding of a monoclonal antibody (mAb 135), directed against the IgE‐binding site of B cell CD23. Using two additional anti‐CD23 mAb, directed (8‐30) or not (3‐5) against the IgE‐binding site, a low expression of these CD23 epitopes was observed on eosinophils from different eosinophilic patients. Northern blot analysis of eosinophil RNA with the cDNA probe of CD23 revealed a low‐abundancy transcript in three of the six patients expressing membrane CD23. The inhibition by all anti‐CD23 mAb of IgE‐mediated cytotoxicity and IgE binding to eosinophils clearly indicated the participation of a CD23‐related molecule in IgE‐dependent eosinophil functions.
Differential expression of VLA‐4 integrin by resident and peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Acquisition of functionally active α4β1‐fibronectin receptors upon B cell activation
Authors: Postigo Antonio A. , Pulido Rafael , Campanero Miguel R. , Acevedo Agustín , García‐Pardo Angeles , Corbi Angel L. , Sanchez‐Madrid Francisco , De Landazuri Manuel O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVery‐late antigen (VLA)‐4 (CD49d/CD29) constitutes the only member of the β1 integrin family that plays a role in the interaction of lymphoid cells with both extracellular matrix and endothelial cells through two identified ligands: fibronectin (FN) and VCAM‐1, respectively. The expression and functional activity of VLA‐4 has been studied in different maturation and activation stages of B cells from several cellular compartments. Resident B lymphocytes of different lymphoid organs were almost negative for VLA‐4 as detected by both immunoperoxidase staining and flow cytometry analysis. However, a high expression of both chains of this heterodimer was observed when tonsillar B cells were activated in vitro with different stimuli, such as phorbol esters or Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC). Both nonactivated and in vitro activated B cells from peripheral blood constitutively expressed high levels of this surface antigen. The induced expression of VLA‐4 after activation of tonsillar B lymphocytes was accompanied by the acquisition of the capacity to bind to a 38‐kDa proteolytic fragment, containing the connecting segment I domain, of FN. Interestingly, nonactivated peripheral blood B cells were unable to attach to this FN fragment, in spite of their constitutive expression of VLA‐4, and only acquired this functional capacity after cell activation with phorbol esters and SAC. This FN‐binding acquisition was not affected by preincubation with inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis. These results underline that the FN‐binding activity of VLA‐4 is dependent on processes affecting cellular activation as described for other members of the integrin family. By contrast, VLA‐4‐mediated homotypic aggregation of peripheral blood B cells could be triggered by anti‐α4 monoclonal antibodies independently of the cell activation state.
Use of variable human Vδ genes to create functional T cell receptor α chain transcripts
Authors: Sottini Alessandra , Imberti Luisa , Fiordalisi Gianfranco , Primi Daniele 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevious studies of the human T cell receptor δ genes identified five commonly used Vδ segments distinct from any of the known Vα genes. To define better the relationship between the T cell receptor δ and α repertoires we amplified cDNA obtained by polyclonally activated lymphocytes with a common 3′ antisense Cα‐specific primer and with five different 5′ sense Vδ family‐specific primers. Amplified products were detected in staphylococcal enterotoxin C2, staphylococcal enterotoxin E, phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, anti‐CD3 and anti‐Vβ8‐activated cells, although each cell population expressed a selective pattern of Vδ genes. Sequence analysis revealed that each of the known Vδ genes can productively rearrange to Jα segments to produce functional Vδ‐Jα‐Cα transcripts. These results argue strongly against the notion that the human Vα repertoires are distinct. They further suggest that the restricted δ repertoire observed in many γ/δ clones results from selection rather than from controlled rearrangements at the T cell receptor α/δ locus.
Self‐nonself discrimination and repertoire selection of human T cells differentiated in an HLA‐semiallogeneic environment following bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Knobloch Christian , Goldmann Shraga F. , Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have analyzed allorecognition, HLA restriction and T cell receptor (TcR) diversity in an HLA‐heterozygous (HLA‐DRw6,7) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patient whose T cell system had been repopulated by HLA‐homozygous (HLA‐DRw6) paternal T cells following T cell‐depleted bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor origin of T cells and host origin of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in peripheral blood and BM is shown by HLA typing of separated cell populations and two‐color immunofluorescence using an anti‐HLA monoclonal antibody (mAb). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the chimeric patient proliferate normally against PHA, anti‐TcR/CD3 mAb, pooled allogeneic PBL, and also against the recall antigen (Ag) tetanus toxoid and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) following immunization, suggesting recognition by donor (DRw6) T cells of Ag presented by host (DRw6,7) APC. PPD‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in vitro from patient PBL post‐BMT display specific cytotoxicity against targets expressing DRw6 and DR7, but not against DR‐mismatched targets, suggesting that HLA restriction of Ag recognition may occur through determinants expressed by the host and not by the donor. Donor T cells differentiated in the HLA‐semiallogeneic host show specific proliferative and cytotoxic responses against HLA‐mismatched stimulators, but not against stimulators taken from the host, expressing the host‐specific HLA‐haplotype, or expressing the host‐specific HLA‐DR7 antigens. Compared to T cells directly taken from the donor, differentiation of donor T cells in the host is associated with a significant decrease of T cells expressing TcR Vβ5 and Vα2 determinants, while no differences in the abundance of of TcR Vβ6, Vβ8 and Vβ12 subsets were noticed. We conclude that allorecognition, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and TcR diversity generation of human T cells can be modulated through differentiation in an MHC‐different environment, as had been previously shown to be the case in murine model systems.