bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Plasma‐Deposited Surface for Cell Sheet Engineering: Advantages over Mechanical Dissociation of Cells
Authors: Canavan Heather E. , Cheng Xuanhong , Graham Daniel J. , Ratner Buddy D. , Castner David G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Previously, we compared the release of cell sheets via low‐temperature liftoff from ppNIPAM treated surfaces to cell removal by enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation. We made two interesting observations, namely: 1) mechanical dissociation of cells from surfaces leaves behind a surface that promotes new cell growth, and 2) that ToF‐SIMS data from post‐mechanical dissociation surfaces differed from the other surfaces primarily due to the presence of hydrocarbon species and a fragment at m/z = 86 which could be attributed to either amino acids (leucine/isoleucine) or lipid molecules. In this study, we examine in detail the effect that mechanical dissociation has on cell removal. Using PCA of the ToF‐SIMS data, we observe a clear separation of the post‐mechanical dissociation surfaces from controls. We find that post‐mechanical dissociation surfaces are primarily characterized by the presence of high mass fragments (indicative of lipid molecules), and the absence of certain low mass fragments indicative of protein. These findings support the hypothesis that the process of mechanical disruption ruptures cell walls, leaving lipid molecules from the cell membrane on the surface.Removal of adhered cultured cells by mechanical dissociation.magnified imageRemoval of adhered cultured cells by mechanical dissociation.
Plasma‐Aided Micro‐ and Nanopatterning Processes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sardella Eloisa , Favia Pietro , Gristina Roberto , Nardulli Marina , d'Agostino Riccardo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary: Micro‐ and nanofabrication methods are essential today in microelectronics, optoelectronics, catalysis, and analytics. Recent advances in biomaterials show that micro‐ and nanofeatures, either at the surface or embedded in materials, can drive specific responses both in in vivo and in vitro biological systems. With such an approach, scientists can understand better, and possibly exploit, biological responses stimulated by properly designed biomedical surfaces. Because of their versatility, plasma treatment, deposition, and etching processes are often part of procedures optimized to create micro‐ and nanofeatures of different shape, size, and position, onto and inside materials. Presented here are recent examples of such processes developed in our group for biomedical applications.Residuals of self‐assembled polystyrene (PS) beads (600 ± 50 nm in diameter) on NH3 plasma‐treated PS substrate, after O2 plasma etching.magnified imageResiduals of self‐assembled polystyrene (PS) beads (600 ± 50 nm in diameter) on NH3 plasma‐treated PS substrate, after O2 plasma etching.
From Single Particle Interactions to Bulk Powder Flow: Application to Uranium Oxide Powders
Authors: Quintanilla Miguel A. S. , George Matthieu , Goddard Dave T. , Semeraz J. Terry 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe increase in computational power has made it possible to simulate the behaviour of granular materials in realistic situations. However there is a lack of knowledge of the values of the particle properties that are needed as input parameters to computer simulations for many materials used in the nuclear industry. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a good candidate tool for the measurement of individual particle properties.In the study presented here, an AFM has been used to measure the interaction forces (normal or lateral) between particles and to characterise the topography of the contact areas, in the case of both model systems (spherical glass particles and planar mica surfaces) and industrially relevant systems involving irregular uranium oxide particles. It will be shown how these experiments provide useful information for the analysis of the flow properties of a powder.The possible use of this experimental data in the simulation of bulk powder flowing behaviour will be discussed.
Characterization of the Dispersion Behavior of Powders in Liquids
Authors: Goalard Carol , Samimi Arezai , Galet Laurence , Dodds John A. , Ghadiri Mojtaba 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPowders dispersed in liquids to form suspensions are widely used as food products, medications, and occur in many stages in industrial processes, whether as a final or an intermediate product. To maximize the efficiency of a dispersion process, a sound understanding of the factors that influence and limit the formation of suspensions is necessary. These involve wetting characteristics based on surface energy and also the physical form of the powders, such as particle size and the state of agglomeration. In this paper we examine the dispersion of talc powders either agglomerated in a conventional high‐shear granulator or agglomerated using a combined method of electro‐spray and freeze drying. The dispersion behavior of these agglomerates is studied as a function of the characteristics of the granules.
Catalytic growth of 0.4 nm single‐walled carbon nanotubes aligned inside porous zeolite crystals
Authors: Zhai J. P. , Tang Z. K. , Hu X. J. , Zhang X. X. , Sheng P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report our recent study on processes of decomposition of tripropylamine (TPA) molecules in the channels of AlPO4‐5 (AFI) and Co‐incorporated AlPO4‐5 (CoAPO‐5) zeolite crystals, by means of Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. In comparison with pure AlPO4‐5 crystals, the carbonization temperature of TPA molecules inside the channels of Co‐AFI crystals is notably decreased; indicating that Co atoms incorporated in the AFI framework plays an important catalyst role. These incorporated Co atoms are also favorable to the formation of the 0.4 nm single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the channels, characterized by a significant decrease in nanotubes formation energy. The resulting SWNTs have higher filling density in the channels than that fabricated without catalyst Co. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Immobilization of CNFs on the surface and inside of the modified activated carbon
Authors: Chen X.‐W. , Su D. S. , Schlögl R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe applications of carbon nanotubes or nanofibers (CNTs/CNFs) in chemistry and catalysis require the availability of large amount of materials with well‐defined surface, chemical and mechanical properties. Loose CNTs/CNFs are unsuitable as they cannot be controlled in their suprastructural properties and operations of compaction can destroy or at least inhibit the access of the reactant to the nanostructures. It is mandatory for chemical applications to use only one chemical element for all dimensions of structuring and to avoid the combination of nanocarbon with non‐carbon support structures. An ideal substrate is activated carbon (AC) from natural sources. Such bio‐inorganic polymers are well structured in several dimensions, reactive for modifications and available in masses. The present work describes the ways to modify the activated carbon obtained from the bio‐waste of palm oil production as host for the growth of nanocarbon. CNFs can be immobilized on the outer surface and nested inside of the activated carbon leading to hierarchically structured carbon materials that are highly suitable for sorption and catalytic applications and for binder‐filler applications. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Field emission induced deformations in SiO2 during CVD growth of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Svensson J. , Bulgakova N. M. , Nerushev O. A. , Campbell E. E. B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe application of an electric field while growing carbon nanotubes with CVD can induce deformations in the SiO2 substrate. The effect is attributed to field emission from the tubes and Marangoni convection in a small molten SiO2 region underneath the tubes. Postgrowth deformation has been performed as well as large scale deformations using the collective effect of many field emitters. The porosity of one type of deformation is also examined and discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EPR characterization of catalyst‐free SWNT and N@C60‐based peapods
Authors: Corzilius B. , Gembus A. , Weiden N. , Dinse K.‐P. , Hata K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSingle Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) produced by “Super‐Growth” CVD technique show no evidence for non‐carbon impurities. At X‐Band frequencies an EPR signal from conduction electrons is observed at room temperature. At low temperatures the conduction electrons get trapped, leading to a sharp EPR signal with long‐lived spin states. Using multi pulse techniques the hyperfine interaction to 13C can be resolved. Using low temperature liquid phase filling techniques, it is possible to prepare N@C60@SWNT with filling efficiencies of a few percent. At elevated temperatures, the fullerenes show a quite mobile behavior, especially in SWNT of wide diameter. This motion continuously slows down at lower temperatures resulting in complete immobilization. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of dichloroanilines in human urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: validation protocol and establishment of Reference Values in a population group living in central Italy
Authors: Turci Roberta , Barisano Angelo , Balducci Claudio , Colosio Claudio , Minoia Claudio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract3,4‐ and 3,5‐Dichloroanilines (DCAs) are common markers of some non‐persistent pesticides, e.g. linuron, diuron, vinclozolin, and iprodione. The general population may be exposed to these DCAs and/or their precursors mainly through diet. Since adverse effects on human health, such as endocrine disruption, have been reported, biological monitoring is essential for exposure assessment both of occupationally exposed subjects and of the general population. A highly sensitive and selective gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method has been developed for the determination of 3,4‐ and 3,5‐DCAs in urine using 4‐chloro‐2‐methylaniline as an internal standard. The selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was employed for quantitation of the analytes. The sample treatment procedure is simple and fast and no derivatization is required. The overall method was validated including uncertainty measurement. The limit of detection (LOD) and the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) were determined to be 0.005 and 0.010 µg/L for both analytes. The method was then applied to the establishment of reference values for a population group living in a rural area of central Italy (Novafeltria, Marche). A total of 151 out of 153 samples were found to be positive for 3,5‐DCA, and 81.7% were positive for 3,4‐DCA. For this group, 3,4‐DCA levels ranged from 0.01 to 6.19 µg/L, while 3,5‐DCA urinary concentrations were between 0.02 and 6.71 µg/L. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stromal‐derived factor‐1 abolishes constitutive apoptosis of WHIM syndrome neutrophils harbouring a truncating CXCR4 mutation
Authors: Sanmun Duangmanee , Garwicz Daniel , Edvard Smith C. I. , Palmblad Jan , Fadeel Bengt 
Published: August 2006

SummaryWarts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections, myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is an inherited immune disorder associated with CXCR4 gene mutations. Recent studies suggested that impaired receptor downregulation and enhanced chemotactic responsiveness to stromal‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1), the sole cognate ligand for CXCR4, may account for the characteristic features of WHIM patients. This study evaluated whether the interaction of SDF‐1 with CXCR4 could block constitutive apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils from congenital neutropenia patients and controls. SDF‐1 was found to be a potent anti‐apoptotic factor for WHIM neutrophils harbouring a truncating CXCR4 mutation, but not for neutrophils from control individuals, thus supporting the notion that such mutations may confer enhanced functional responses.
Outcomes among newborns with total serum Bilirubin levels of 25 mg per deciliter or more
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: August 2006

.

Newman, T.B.,
Liljestrand, P.,
Jeremy, R.J.,
Ferriero, D.M.,
Wu, Y.W.,
Hudes, E.S.,
Escobar, G.J.
,

(
2006
)

,
354
,
1889
–
1900
.
Background  The neurodevelopmental risks associated with high total serum bilirubin levels in newborns are not well defined.Methods  We identified 140 infants with neonatal total serum bilirubin levels of at least 25 mg per deciliter (428 µmol per litre) and 419 randomly selected controls from a cohort of 106 627 term and near‐term infants born from 1995 to 1998 in Kaiser Permanente hospitals in northern California. Data on outcomes were obtained from electronic records, interviews, responses to questionnaires and neurodevelopmental evaluations that had been performed in a blinded fashion.Results  Peak bilirubin levels were between 25 and 29.9 mg per deciliter (511 µmol per litre) in 130 of the newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and 30 mg per deciliter (513 µmol per litre) or more in 10 newborns; treatment involved phototherapy in 136 cases and exchange transfusion in five. Follow‐up data to the age of at least 2 years were available for 132 of 140 children with a history of hyperbilirubinemia (94%) and 372 of 419 controls (89%) and included formal evaluation at a mean (±SD) age of 5.1 ± 0.12 years for 82 children (59%) and 168 children (40%) respectively. There were no cases of kernicterus. Neither crude nor adjusted scores on cognitive tests differed significantly between the two groups; on most tests, 95% confidence intervals excluded a 3‐point (0.2 SD) decrease in adjusted scores in the hyperbilirubinemia group. There was no significant difference between groups in the proportion of children with abnormal neurologic findings on physical examination or with documented diagnoses of neurologic abnormalities. Fourteen of the children with hyperbilirubinemia (17%) had ‘questionable’ or abnormal findings on neurologic examination, as compared with 48 controls (29%; P = 0.05; adjusted odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–0.98; P = 0.04). The frequencies of parental concern and reported behavioural problems also were not significantly different between the two groups. Within the hyperbilirubinemia group, those with positive direct antiglobulin tests had lower scores on cognitive testing but not more neurologic or behavioural problems.Conclusions  When treated with phototherapy or exchange transfusion, total serum bilirubin levels in the range included in this study were not associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born at or near term.
Why is compliance with occlusion therapy for amblyopia so hard? A qualitative study
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: August 2006

.

Dixon‐Woods, M.,
Awan, M. &
Gottlob, I.
(
2006
)

,
91
,
491
–
494
.
Objective  To explore parents’ perceptions and experiences of occlusion (patching) therapy for treatment of amblyopia in children.Methods  Qualitative study involving semi‐structured interviews with 25 families of a child with amblyopia being treated at a specialist clinic. Interviews were tape‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was based on the constant comparative method, assisted by qualitative analysis software.Results  Parents of children prescribed patching treatment found themselves obliged to manage the treatment. This involved dilemmas and tensions, with many parents describing children’s distress, particularly in the early stages of patching treatment. Parents were highly sensitive to the credibility of the treatment, but were sometimes confused by information given in the clinic or did not see clinic staff as authoritative. There was evidence that parents were likely to abandon or modify treatment if no improvement could be detected or if the child continued to suffer socially or educationally. Parents described a range of strategies for facilitating patching, including explanation; normalization; rewards; customizing the patch; establishing a routine; and enlisting the help of others. Whatever their practices in relation to patching, parents were keen to defend their behaviour as that of a ‘good parent’.Conclusions  Interventions that aim to improve compliance should take account of the difficulties and tensions experienced by parents, rather than simply treating non‐compliance as resulting from information deficits. Practical support that builds on strategies described by parents is likely to be of benefit.
Impact of adverse publicity on MMR vaccine uptake: a population based analysis of vaccine uptake records for one million children, born 1987–2004
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: August 2006

.

Friederichs, V.,
Cameron, J.C. &
Robertson, C.
(
2006
)

,
91
,
465
–
468
.
Aims  To determine the impact of adverse publicity on MMR uptake and measles susceptibility, including whether vaccination is delayed and the role of deprivation.Methods  A population database for all Scotland containing immunization records for over one million children (n = 1 079 327) born 1987–2004 was analysed. MMR uptake was determined by birth cohort and deprivation category. ‘Final’ uptake (at approximately age 6 years) was predicted by linear regression by birth cohort. Measles susceptibility in 1998 and 2003 was determined by postcode sector and district for cohorts combined to construct nursery and primary school age groups.Results  There is evidence of a slight rise in late uptake, but insufficient to compensate for underlying declines. Late vaccination continues to be associated with deprivation, while the most affluent tend to be vaccinated promptly, or not at all. Predicted figures for ‘final’ MMR1 uptake are over 90%, but under 95%. Measles susceptibility has increased significantly in nursery children, with an eightfold rise in the number of districts with greater than 20% susceptibility in this group (from 3 to 25).Conclusions  Increased measles susceptibility in nursery children is concerning, particularly in the most vulnerable areas. These figures are likely to increase in the future, as MMR uptake has not yet returned to the previous higher level. Increased susceptibility levels can also be expected in primary schools in the future, as levels of late uptake are insufficient to compensate. Predicted figures for ‘final’ MMR1 uptake are under the herd immunity threshold and campaigns may be required to increase uptake among future primary school children.
Association of interferon-γ and interleukin 10 genotypes and serum levels with partial clinical remission in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Alizadeh B Z , Hanifi-Moghaddam P , Eerligh P , Van Der Slik A R , Kolb H , Kharagjitsingh A V , Arias A M Pereira , Ronkainen M , Knip M , Bonfanti R , Bonifacio E , Devendra D , Wilkin T , Giphart M J , Koeleman B P C , Nolsøe R , Poulsen T Mandrup , Schloot N C , Roep B O 
Published: August 2006

Summary
We studied whether serum interferon (IFN)-γ or interleukin (IL)-10 levels and their corresponding functional polymorphic genotypes are associated with partial remission of type 1 diabetes (T1D). A multi-centre study was undertaken in patients with newly diagnosed T1D and matched controls. T1D patients were followed for 3 months and characterized for remission status. Partial clinical remission was defined as a daily insulin dose ≤ 0.38 units/kg/24 h with an HbA1c ≤ 7.5%. Thirty-three patients and 32 controls were phenotyped for serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 and genotyped for functional polymorphisms of the IFN-γ and IL-10 genes. Sixteen of 25 informative patients (63%) remitted. Serum IFN-γ concentrations were significantly decreased in remitters but increased in non-remitters compared to controls, and did not change over time in any group. IFN-γ genotypes corresponded with serum levels in controls and non-remitters, but not in remitters who displayed the lowest serum IFN-γ levels despite more often carrying high-producing IFN-γ genotypes. Neither the frequency of IL-10 genotypes nor serum IL-10 concentration differed between patients and controls. The combination of high-producing IFN-γ genotype together with low serum IFN-γ concentration at the time of diagnosis provided a strong positive predictive value for remission. Serum IFN-γ concentrations predicted by genotype and observed serum levels were discordant in remitters, suggestive of regulation overruling genetic predisposition. Although high-producing genotypes were less frequent in remitters, they were predictive of remission in combination with low serum IFN-γ levels. These data imply that remission is partially immune-mediated and involves regulation of IFN-γ transcription.
Severe endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome is only partially explained by known cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Sorensen Morten B. , Franks Stephen , Robertson Carole , Pennell Dudley J. , Collins Peter 
Published: August 2006

SummaryObjective  We aimed to assess whether metabolic abnormalities can explain endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular disease risk (CVDr) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Endothelial function, a recognized composite marker of CVDr, may be reduced in PCOS and can be precisely and noninvasively assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).Patients  Fourteen women with anovulatory PCOS (age [mean ± SD] 33 ± 4 years) and 13 controls (age: 33 ± 6 years) with similar body mass index and regular menses.Methods  Endothelium‐dependent (flow‐mediated dilatation – FMD) and ‐independent (glyceryl trinitrate – GTN) changes in the brachial artery area were measured using CMR in women with PCOS and controls. Arterial function was assessed twice, in the early follicular phase and mid cycle in controls and after an interval of 2 weeks in PCOS subjects. Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin and sex hormones were measured at the first visit.Results  FMD was greatly reduced in women with PCOS compared to controls (−1%vs 5% and 2%vs 12%, P < 0·01) without differences in GTN responses. Risk factors were more prevalent in PCOS women and displayed significant linear relationships with FMD. PCOS status was the strongest predictor of FMD. Linear regression between PCOS and FMD remained significant after correction for all CVD risk markers linked to the metabolic syndrome.Conclusion  PCOS is associated with changes in CVD risk markers and pronounced endothelial dysfunction. However endothelial dysfunction with PCOS is only partly explained by recognized CVD risk markers.
Visfatin concentration in Asian Indians is correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1
Authors: Smith Jessica , Al‐Amri Maha , Sniderman Allan , Cianflone Katherine 
Published: August 2006

SummaryBackground  Visfatin is a recently described adipose tissue derived hormone whose role in humans remains largely unknown.Objectives  To determine visfatin's relationship to lipoproteins and body composition parameters in Asian Indians and Caucasians.Design  A cross‐sectional study.Patients  Men and women living in Montreal, Canada between the ages of 20 and 60 years were recruited for participation in this study. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of CVD or were taking lipid lowering medication. Individuals identified themselves as Asian Indian or Caucasian.Measurements  Anthropometric measurements were collected including weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and body fat percentage (BF%). Serum samples were analysed for total cholesterol, HDL‐C, apoA1, apoB and visfatin.Results  There was no difference in visfatin levels between Indian and Caucasian men (64·50 ± 3·98 ng/ml vs 73·01 ± 6·45 ng/ml, ns, respectively) and Indian and Caucasian women (59·03 ± 5·71 ng/ml vs 77·70 ± 7·63 ng/ml, ns, respectively), despite large differences in BF%, apoB and the apoB/apoA1 ratio. Visfatin correlated positively to HDL‐C and apoA1 in the Indian men (R = 0·42, P = 0·004 and R = 0·48, P = 0·003) and Indian women (R = 0·46, P = 0·05 and R = 0·59, P = 0·01).Conclusion  Visfatin concentrations may be related to HDL metabolism in Asian Indian immigrants.