bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative screening for steroids in animal feeding water using reversed phase LC with gradient elution
Authors: Muñiz‐Valencia Roberto , Gonzalo‐Lumbreras Raquel , Santos‐Montes Ana , Izquierdo‐Hornillos Roberto 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral isocratic separations for the determination of 20 steroids (STER) in animal feeding water samples (AFWS) from drinking‐trough by LC using a mobile phase ACN/H2O (35:65 v/v) and different RP columns (Hypersil C18, Gemini C18 (GM), Purospher Star C18, Synergi Max C12, and Synergi Fusion) and UV detection were obtained. The elution order was the same: a first group of corticoids (CC) was early eluted, a second group of CC and anabolics (AAS) exhibited intermediate retention, and a third group constituted by AAS was strongly retained. To improve the separation performances of the isocratic separations an ACN gradient elution optimization was carried out for each column. The most satisfactory results were obtained using a Purospher column which allowed the separation of 19 STER in an analysis time close to 26 min. After sample preparation using SPE, method validation was performed in an AFWS spiked with STER according to the EC decision criteria established for quantitative screening methods. For this purpose calibration graphs, extraction efficiencies, decision limits, detection capabilities, precision (repeatability and within‐laboratory reproducibility), accuracy, selectivity, and robustness were evaluated. The proposed method was applied to other AFWS with satisfactory results.
Studies of visible oscillating chemiluminescence in luminol–H2O2–KSCN–CuSO4 system using (2‐hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide
Authors: Samadi‐Maybodi Abdolraouf , Akhoondi Reza 
Published: January 2008

AbstractVisible oscillating chemiluminescence (CL) of luminol–H2O2–KSCN–CuSO4 was studied using the organic base (2‐hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide. The effect of concentrations of luminol, H2O2, KSCN, CuSO4 and the base were investigated in a batch reactor. This report shows how the concentration of components involved in the oscillating CL system influenced the oscillation period, light amplitude and total time of light emission. The oscillating CL with different bases was also investigated. Results indicated that using 2‐HETMAOH causes regular oscillating CL with nearly the same oscillating period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Awakening in hypnosis
Authors: Tschugguel Walter , Hunter Marlene 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe phenomenology and paradigm of a therapeutic method, referred to as ‘hypnotherapy’, are overviewed here. Phenomenological descriptions of the terms ‘waking state’ and ‘trance state’ are offered. Both states together constitute an experience referred to as ‘reality’ and thus the question arises as to whether it is important to induce such a trance state if it already exists in our daily reality.In this opinion piece, the authors suggest that the trance state has been long since buried under a surface of culture and education‐driven complaisant behaviour. However, complaisant behaviour fails to be supported by our secret demands and wishes. In contrast, the hypnotic or trance experience delineates the fact that we, as human beings, are far more than a function of alien conceptions and demands provided by our cultural and education system.Second, a description of the paradigm of how hypnosis could act within an individual is offered. Epistemological arguments are provided to designate the hypnotic experience as a process which, in turn, generates authenticity. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From conventionally fractionated radiation therapy to hyperfractionated radiation therapy alone and with concurrent chemotherapy in patients with early‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Jeremić Branislav , Miličić Biljana 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors' single‐institution experience in patients with early‐stage (I and II) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were treated between 1980 and 1998 with either conventionally fractionated (CF) radiation therapy (RT), or hyperfractionated (HFX) RT, or HFX RT with concurrent paclitaxel/carboplatin (HFX RT‐Pac/C) was reviewed.METHODSSeventy‐eight patients received 60 grays (Gy) in 30 daily fractions (CF), 116 patients received 69.6 Gy (1.2 Gy twice daily), and 56 patients received 67.6 Gy (1.3 Gy twice daily) with concurrent, low‐dose, daily C (25 mg/m2) and Pac (10 mg/m2). Biologically equivalent doses for the 3 groups were 72 Gy, 78 Gy, and 76 Gy, respectively, for acute effects (α/β = 10 Gy) and 120 Gy, 111 Gy, and 111 Gy, respectively, for late effects (α/β = 2 Gy).RESULTSFor all 250 patients, the overall median survival was 27 months, the cause‐specific survival was 27 months, the local progression‐free survival was 32 months, and distant metastasis‐free survival was not achieved; and the respective 5‐year survival rates were 27%, 32%, 45%, and 68%. CF achieved significantly inferior survival than either HFX RT alone or HFX RT‐Pac/C (P = .0332 and P = .0013, respectively), and no difference was observed between the 2 HFX RT regimens (P = .1934). Only acute hematologic high‐grade toxicity (grade ≥3) was more frequent with HFX RT‐Pac/C than with either RT alone, whereas other toxicities were similar between the 3 treatment groups.CONCLUSIONSHFX RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy may be better than CF in patients with early‐stage NSCLC. The role of chemotherapy deserves further investigation, because the group that received chemotherapy in the current study had a higher incidence of acute high‐grade hematologic toxicity. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Study on transmission characteristics in photonic crystals with negative effective index of refraction
Authors: Shen Tinggen , Li Zhenghua , Ma Junfeng , Sheng Yong , Jiao Pengpeng , Wu Bin , Xu Chenghua 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTransmission spectra from equivalent negative refractive photonic crystals (PCs) composed of a triangular array of air cylinders in a GaAs matrix are studied by finite‐difference time‐domain method in the paper. Mechanism of wave resonance is probed and propagation of optical waves in the PCs is described in terms of effective refraction index and Bloch waves. Our numerical results show that probability of spontaneous radiation would be enhanced extremely under the influence of Bloch resonance waves, stimulated emission and photon tunnel effect, resulting in the optical waves localized greatly in the PCs at particular frequencies. In addition, we find out that the position of transmission peaks, with values far greater than unit, can be controlled by tuning the central frequency of waveguide source. It means that photon current in the PCs also can be controlled to optimize transmission properties of PCs, so as to meet the requirements of novel optical devices based on PCs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of the Structure‐Directing Effect of Surfactants on the Distribution of Silicate Species Using 29Si‐NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Samadi‐Maybodi Abdolraouf , Goudarzi Naser , Kirby Christopher W. , Huang Yining 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSilicate anions were studied using 29Si NMR to investigate the structure‐directing effect of a surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate‐SDS) on the distribution of silicate species present in alkaline silicate solutions. The distribution of the anions in the presence of polyelectrolytes was also investigated by 29Si NMR through the use of different bases including tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Both SDS and the polyelectrolytic solutions were shown to stabilize low molecular weight silicate species and thus inhibit polymerization.
Intentions help children learn meaningful rules*
Authors: PATAEL SMADAR , DIESENDRUCK GIL 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the roles of pattern detection capacities and understanding of intentions in children's learning of linguistic rules. We taught two-year-olds a Hebrew morphological distinction between noun and verb forms using two different training protocols. The protocols were identical in all parameters except that only in an Intentional, but not in a Control condition, were children introduced to the stimuli in an intentional communicative context. We found that children learned the morphological rule only in the Intentional condition. Thus, besides their pattern detection capacities, children's understanding of intentions substantially boosts their learning of meaningful rules.
Satellite Rainfall Uncertainty Estimation Using an Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Bellerby T. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a neural network–based approach to estimate the conditional distribution function (cdf) of rainfall with respect to multidimensional satellite-derived input data. The methodology [Conditional Histogram of Precipitation (CHIP)] employs a histogram-based approximation of the cdf. In addition to the conditional expected rainfall rate, it provides conditional probabilities for that rate falling within each of a fixed set of intervals or bins. A test algorithm based on the CHIP approach was calibrated against Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF) rainfall data for June–August 2002 and then used to produce a 30-min, 0.5° rainfall product from global (60°N–60°S) composite geostationary thermal infrared imagery for June–August 2003. Estimated rainfall rates and conditional probabilities were validated against 2003 GPROF data. The CHIP methodology provides the means to extend existing probabilistic and ensemble satellite rainfall error models, conditioned on a single, scalar, satellite rainfall predictor or upon scalar rainfall-rate outputs, to make full use of multidimensional input data.
Costs and risks of conforming to EU traceability requirements: the case of hard red spring wheat
Authors: Wilson William W. , Henry Xavier , Dahl Bruce L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEuropean Union (EU) traceability requirements impose added costs and risks on suppliers. A stochastic simulation model is developed to determine optimal testing strategies and marginal costs to conform to EU traceability requirements for exports of non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) wheat from the United States. The optimal strategy is chosen to maximize an integrator's utility. Cost components include certified seed, certification and auditing, testing, traceability, quality loss, and a premium for the added risk of a dual traceability system over a single non‐traceability system. Adventitious commingling risks are defined stochastically. Results indicate that traceability requirements can be conformed to with reasonable buyer and seller risk at a total cost of $18/non‐GM mt. [EconLit Subject Descriptors: C150, C610, D810] © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upgrading of Lowland coffee in Central America
Authors: Pelupessy Wim , Díaz Rafael 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA persistent fall of coffee prices in the 1990s brought the International Coffee Organisation, national governments, and coffee companies to propose the promotion of good quality highland coffee as the exclusive strategy for Central America to neutralize the negative income effects. This implies that cultivation on low‐ and medium‐altitude lands should be discouraged, which means that 60% of the coffee growers and workers will lose their means of subsistence in this region. We have used a combined environmental‐global commodity chain approach to question the new common wisdom. In buyer‐driven chains, there are different quality attributes to satisfy consumers wants. As most food products, coffee receives quality premiums for both sensorial and non‐sensorial credence characteristics. However, mass consumption markets in developed countries are served by powerful downstream roasters with blends that contain a major part of low sensory quality coffees. Market demand and a credence characteristic as the highly rewarded environmental friendliness should both be considered in assessments. This creates opportunities for lowland growers to stay in business and for mass coffee markets to become more sustainable. [Econlit: L660, Q170, Q560] © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linyphi: creating IPv6 mesh networks with SSR
Authors: Di Pengfei , Eickhold Johannes , Fuhrmann Thomas 
Published: January 2008

AbstractScalable source routing (SSR) is a self‐organizing routing protocol which is especially suited for networks that do not have a well‐crafted structure, e.g.ad hocand mesh networks. SSR works on a flat identifier space. As a consequence, it can easily support host mobility without requiring any location directory or other centralized service. SSR is based on a virtual ring structure, which is used in a chord‐like manner to obtain source routes to previously unknown destinations. It has been shown that SSR requires very little per node state and produces very little control messages. In particular, SSR has been found to outperform otherad hocrouting protocols such asad hocon‐demand distance vector routing, optimized link‐state routing, or beacon vector routing. In this paper we present Linyphi, an implementation of SSR for wireless access routers. Linyphi combines IPv6 and SSR so that unmodified IPv6 hosts have transparent connectivity to both the Linyphi mesh network and the IPv4/v6 Internet. We give a basic outline of the implementation and demonstrate its suitability in real‐world mesh network scenarios. Furthermore, we illustrate the use of Linyphi for distributed applications such as the Linyphone peer‐to‐peer VoIP application. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation of intermetallic phase in Zn‐Ti alloy single crystals
Authors: Boczkal G. , Mikulowski B. , Hünsche I. , Oertel C.‐G. , Skrotzki W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPure and 0.14 at.%Ti alloyed Zn single crystals have been grown by the Bridgman technique. The alloyed crystal exhibits a sheet‐like precipitation structure parallel to the basal plane of the hexagonal solid solution Zn‐Ti matrix. The tetragonal precipitates are intermetallic compounds of Zn16Ti composition. They are needle‐shaped with the needle axis peferentially aligned along the <a> axis. The approximate orientation relationship between precipitate and matrix is (0001)<11$\bar 2$0>Matrix||(010)[001]Zn16Ti. To study the influence of alloying on the mechanical properties, the critical resolved shear stress for basal slip has been measured in compression at different temperatures and strain rates. It is shown that the critical resolved shear stress can be very well explained by theories of solid solution and precipitation hardening. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High temperature synthesis and crystal structure of new representatives of the huntite family
Authors: Plachinda P. A. , Belokoneva E. L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSingle crystals of REE, Al borates, new and known representatives of huntite family are obtained by annealing of REEBO3 on Al2O3 surface at 1100°C. Phase identification for REE=Pr, Eu, Tb, Tm, Ho, Yb has been carried out using unit cell parameter determination on single crystals. Crystal structures of C 2/c (PrAl3(BO3)4) and C 2 (EuAl3(BO3)4) ‐ two polytypic modifications, previously determined for other REE's have been studied. Formation of one or another polytype in similar thermodynamic conditions is probably dependent on electronic structure of rare earth ion. Crystal field stabilization energy in crystal fields of different symmetry is a possible factor of polytype stability (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The self in conflict: The evolution of mediation
Authors: McGuigan Richard , Popp Nancy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDevelopmentalists such as Baldwin (1975); Basseches (1984); Cook‐Greuter (1990, 1999, 2000); Kegan (1982, 1994, 2001); Loevinger (1976, 1979, 1983, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2002); Piaget (1970); and Wade (1996) have devoted their research to the growth of different lines of development in individuals. A developmental understanding of conflict has implications for conflict theorists and interveners. In applying Kegan's staged model of adult psychological development to the experi‐ence of conflict, we can better understand the meaning‐making that underlies the behaviors that disputants exhibit in conflict, thereby allowing interveners to help the disputants expand their understanding of the conflict situation and find new pathways to its resolution.
Amphiphilic Iron(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes Based on Alkylated Diazaoxa‐ and Triazacyclononane
Authors: Domínguez‐Gutiérrez David , Eiser Erika , Elsevier Cornelis J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt is known that including a metal into a micellar solution enhances both the colour and catalytic potential of such systems. This fact is well exemplified by the broad use of surfactant species as phase‐transfer catalysts. In the present work, we report our studies concerning the aggregation properties of a series of iron and nickel‐based triazacyclononane metalloamphiphiles. Upon multiple alkylation of the triazamacrocycle, we were able to obtain amphiphilic complexes that aggregate in toluene. We characterised the sizes and shapes of the aggregates by dynamic light scattering while their nature was assessed by atomic force microscopy.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Solid‐State Structure and Behaviour in Solution of Hypervalent Organotin(IV) Derivatives Containing 2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4 Moieties
Authors: Varga Richard A. , Jurkschat Klaus , Silvestru Cristian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHypervalent diorganotin(IV) dihalides of the type RBuSnX2 [R = 2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4; X = Cl (1), F (2)] and heterocyclic derivatives of the type (RR1SnS)2 [R1 = Bu (3) and 2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4 (4 and 4·2CHCl3)] have been prepared. Their behaviour in solution was investigated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structures of these compounds were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The strength of the intramolecular Sn→N coordination as a function of the substituent pattern at the tin atom is discussed. Weak intermolecular Sn···Cl interactions result in a “zig‐zag” polymeric chain for dichloride 1, while difluoride 2 is a polymer with a linear –Sn–F–Sn– skeleton. In both compounds, a distorted octahedral (C,N)CSnX3 configuration is observed. The thio derivatives are monomeric and exhibit distorted trigonal bipyramidal (C,N)CSnS2 (3) or distorted octahedral (C,N)2SnS2 (4 and 4·2CHCl3) configurations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
1,6‐Electrocyclization of 1‐Azatriene Derivatives
Authors: Vincze Zoltán , Mucsi Zoltán , Scheiber Pál , Nemes Péter 
Published: January 2008

Abstract1‐Cyanomethylene‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolinium mesylate (10) readily reacted with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to afford 1‐azatrienes 12a–h, which could be cyclized to give 6,7‐dihydro‐4H‐benzo[a]quinolizines 14a–h. The reaction mechanisms were investigated by computational methods. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of some deuterated dialkylaminoethyls as possible standards for the mass spectrometric monitoring of chemical warfare agents
Authors: Stýskala Jakub , Cankař Petr , Soural Miroslav , Bednář Petr , Lemr Karel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDeuterium‐labelled derivatives of 2‐(dialkylamino)ethanols, 2–(dialkylamino)ethyl chlorides and 2‐(dialkylamino)ethanethiols have been prepared in which completely deuterated N‐alkyls (Me, Et, n‐Pr, iso‐Pr) have been introduced as substituents. Such labelled derivatives are of great interest in mass spectrometry as standards for monitoring chemical warfare agents and their precursors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Placebo influences on dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Laska Eugene , Hicking Christine , Damier Philippe , Müller Thomas , Nutt John , Warren Olanow C. , Rascol Olivier , Russ Hermann 
Published: January 2008

AbstractClinical features that are prognostic indicators of placebo response among dyskinetic Parkinson's disease patients were determined. Placebo‐associated improvements occur in Parkinsonism, but responses in dyskinesia have not been studied. Placebo data from two multicenter studies with identical design comparing sarizotan to placebo for treating dyskinesia were accessed. Sarizotan (2 mg/day) failed to improve dyskinesia compared with placebo, but both treatments improved dyskinesia compared with baseline. Stepwise regression identified baseline characteristics that influenced dyskinesia response to placebo, and these factors were entered into a logistic regression model to quantify their influence on placebo‐related dyskinesia improvements and worsening. Because placebo‐associated improvements in Parkinsonism have been attributed to heightened dopaminergic activity, we also examined the association between changes in Parkinsonism and dyskinesia. Four hundred eighty‐four subjects received placebo treatment; 178 met criteria for placebo‐associated dyskinesia improvement and 37 for dyskinesia worsening. Older age, lower baseline Parkinsonism score, and lower total daily levodopa doses were associated with placebo‐associated improvement, whereas lower baseline dyskinesia score was associated with placebo‐associated worsening. Placebo‐associated dyskinesia changes were not correlated with Parkinsonism changes, and all effects in the sarizotan group were statistically explained by the placebo‐effect regression model. Dyskinesias are affected by placebo treatment. The absence of correlation between placebo‐induced changes in dyskinesia and Parkinsonism argues against a dopaminergic activation mechanism to explain placebo‐associated improvements in dyskinesia. The magnitude and variance of placebo‐related changes and the factors that influence them can be helpful in the design of future clinical trials of antidyskinetic agents. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
The DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and demand of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Paus Sebastian , Grünewald Anne , Klein Christine , Knapp Michael , Zimprich Alexander , Janetzky Bernd , Möller Jens C. , Klockgether Thomas , Wüllner Ullrich 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that the TaqIA polymorphism of the D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with response to dopaminergic and antidopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia, respectively. We tested whether the TaqIA genotype in PD is responsible for demand of dopaminergic medication, measured in total dopaminergic load per year of disease, in a large scale association study based on the gene bank of the German Competence Network on Parkinson's disease. Regression analysis yielded no significant differences between the TaqIA genotypes. We conclude that the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism alone has no pivotal role for interindividual variability of dopaminergic requirement in PD. We propose a practicable system of measuring dopaminergic treatment for future pharmacogenetic studies in PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society