bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss aversion, diminishing sensitivity, and the effect of experience on repeated decisions
Authors: Erev Ido , Ert Eyal , Yechiam Eldad 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree experiments are presented that explore the assertion that loss aversion and diminishing sensitivity drive the effect of experience on choice behavior. The experiments are focused on repeated choice tasks where decision makers choose repeatedly between alternatives and get feedback after each choice. Experiments 1a and 1b show that behavioral tendencies that were previously interpreted as indications of loss aversion in decisions from experience are better described as products of diminishing sensitivity to absolute payoffs. Experiment 2 highlights a nominal magnitude effect: A decrease in the magnitude of the nominal payoffs eliminates the evidence for diminishing sensitivity. These and related previous results can be captured with a model that assumes reliance on small samples of subjective experiences, and an increase in diminishing sensitivity with payoff variability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo Mutational Analysis of the Mupirocin Gene Cluster Reveals Labile Points in the Biosynthetic Pathway: the “Leaky Hosepipe” Mechanism
Authors: Wu Ji'en , Hothersall Joanne , Mazzetti Carlo , O'Connell Yvonne , Shields Jennifer A. , Rahman Ayesha S. , Cox Russell J. , Crosby John , Simpson Thomas J. , Thomas Christopher M. , Willis Christine L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA common feature of the mupirocin and other gene clusters of the AT‐less polyketide synthase (PKS) family of metabolites is the introduction of carbon branches by a gene cassette that contains a β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMC) homologue and acyl carrier protein (ACP), ketosynthase (KS) and two crotonase superfamily homologues. In vivo studies of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains in which any of these components have been mutated reveal a common phenotype in which the two major isolable metabolites are the truncated hexaketide mupirocin H and the tetraketide mupiric acid. The structure of the latter has been confirmed by stereoselective synthesis. Mupiric acid is also the major metabolite arising from inactivation of the ketoreductase (KR) domain of module 4 of the modular PKS. A number of other mutations in the tailoring region of the mupirocin gene cluster also result in production of both mupirocin H and mupiric acid. To explain this common phenotype we propose a mechanistic rationale in which both mupirocin H and mupiric acid represent the products of selective and spontaneous release from labile points in the pathway that occur at significant levels when mutations block the pathway either close to or distant from the labile points.
C3‐symmetrical self‐assembled structures investigated by vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Smulders Maarten M. J. , Buffeteau Thierry , Cavagnat Dominique , Wolffs Martin , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate by using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy that it is possible to investigate the chirality of a supramolecular polymeric system in relatively dilute solutions. Chiral C3‐symmetrical discotic molecules, based on a trialkylbenzene‐1,3,5‐carboxamide, form supramolecular columnar stacks with a right‐handed helical structure in solution due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The handedness of the supramolecular chirality is determined using electronic spectroscopy measurements. Under dilute conditions (at 10−3 M concentrations), it was also possible to probe the hydrogen bonding moieties with IR and VCD spectroscopy on these self‐assembled structures. In combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we could verify the preference for a right‐handed chirality in the helical stacks and the nonplanar orientation of the carbonyl groups present in the molecule. This chiral arrangement is in agreement with the structure determined for a related benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide by X‐ray diffraction. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baseline Scintigraphic Abnormalities by Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Predict Echocardiographic Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Adelstein Evan C. , Saba Samir 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundSignificant myocardial scar in the posterolateral left ventricle (LV) has been associated with a diminished response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with coronary artery disease, but the effects of resting perfusion abnormalities in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) are yet to be described.HypothesisWe sought to characterize the effect of myocardial perfusion abnormalities upon echocardiographic outcomes of CRT in patients with NICM.MethodsTwenty‐one patients (mean age 64.4 ± 13.3; 71.4% male; mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 20.2 ± 6.9%) with NICM who underwent CRT implantation and Thallium‐201 single positron emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) were included. MPI studies were read quantitatively, assigning each of 17 myocardial segments a perfusion score (0–4) and cumulatively generating a summed perfusion score (SPS). The LV lead position was determined by chest radiography. Echocardiograms were performed both before and after (median 12 mo) CRT in 15 patients.ResultsEchocardiographic response, defined as ≥ 15% relative increase in LVEF, was documented in 8 (53.3%) of 15 patients. All patients (5/5) with an SP ⩽6 responded to CRT, whereas only 30.0% (3/10) with an SPS ≥ 6 responded (odds ratio 3.33 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.29‐8.59]; p = 0.01). All nonresponders had inferior perfusion defects. Defect density adjacent to the LV lead tip had little demonstrable effect upon CRT efficacy.ConclusionsThe presence of significant myocardial perfusion defects negatively influences echocardiographic response to CRT in NICM. These findings warrant prospective confirmation and histopathological correlation with explanted hearts. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Gustafsson Bjorn I. , Kidd Mark , Chan Anthony , Malfertheiner Max V. , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (BP‐NETs) comprise ≈20% of all lung cancers and represent a spectrum of tumors arising from neuroendocrine cells of the BP‐epithelium. Although they share structural, morphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features, they are separated into 4 subgroups: typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small‐cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which exhibit considerably different biological characteristics. The clinical presentation includes cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia but varies depending on site, size, and growth pattern. Less than 5% of BP‐NETs exhibit hormonally related symptoms such as carcinoid syndrome, Cushing, acromegaly, and SIADH. SCLC is the most common BP‐NET, while LCNEC is rare, ≈10% and ≤1%, respectively, of all lung cancers. Both SCLC and LCNEC progress rapidly, are aggressively metastatic, and exhibit a poor prognosis. The incidence of BP‐carcinoids (TC and AC) in the US was 1.57 of 100,000 in 2003 (an unexplained and substantial increase over the last 30 years, ≈6% per year). No curative treatment except for radical surgery (almost never feasible) exists. The slow‐growing TC exhibit a fairly good prognosis (≈88%, 5‐year survival), whereas AC demonstrate a 5‐year survival of ≈50%, and the highly malignant LCNEC and SCLC5‐year survival of 15% to 57% and <5%, respectively. This review provides a broad overview on BP‐NETs and focuses on the evolution of the disease, general features, and current diagnostic and therapeutic options. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Cytoreductive surgery (peritonectomy procedures) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the treatment of diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer
Authors: Di Giorgio Angelo , Naticchioni Enzo , Biacchi Daniele , Sibio Simone , Accarpio Fabio , Rocco Monica , Tarquini Sergio , Di Seri Marisa , Ciardi Antonio , Montruccoli Daniele , Sammartino Paolo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Because of scarce data from larger series and nonhomogeneous selection criteria, further information is needed on peritonectomy with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in managing patients with ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis.METHODS.In an open, prospective, single‐center nonrandomized phase 2 study conducted from November 2000 to April 2007, 47 patients with primary advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer and diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis were enrolled; 22 underwent primary and 25 secondary cytoreduction plus immediate HIPEC followed by systemic chemotherapy.RESULTS.The overall mean Sugarbaker peritoneal cancer index was 14.9 (range, 6–28). A mean of 6 surgical procedures were required per patient (range, 4–10). In 87.3% of the patients debulking achieved optimal cytoreduction (Sugarbaker completeness of cytoreduction [CC] score 0–1), whereas in 12.7% it left macroscopic residual disease (CC‐2 or CC‐3). Major complications developed in 21.3% of the patients and the in‐hospital mortality rate was 4.2%. The mean overall survival was 30.4 months, median survival was 24 months, and mean disease‐free survival was 27.4 months. Five‐year survival was 16.7%. Univariate (log‐rank test and analysis of variance) and multivariate analyses (Cox proportional‐hazard model) identified the CC score as the main factor capable of independently influencing survival.CONCLUSIONS.Peritonectomy procedures combined with HIPEC offer promising long‐term survival in patients with diffuse peritoneal ovarian carcinomatosis. They achieve high adequate primary and secondary surgical cytoreduction rates with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Influence of lithium ions on the NLO properties of KDP single crystals
Authors: Shirsat M. D. , Hussaini S. S. , Dhumane N. R. , Dongre V. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPotassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and its isomorphous deuterated form are popular due to their applications in frequency converters and electro‐optic modulation. Different attempts have been made to dope KDP with inorganic additives, organic materials and amino acids. Since many of the metal ions possess more electro negativity which increases the non centrosymmetry, it is of interest to dope them in KDP. The influence of lithium ion (Li+) on NLO properties of KDP crystal has been studied in the present investigation. Single crystal of Lithium ion doped Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) was grown by slow evaporation technique. The enhancement in SHG efficiency after addition of ion Lithium (Li+) was observed by Kurtz Powder SHG test. It was found that the SHG efficiency of KDP after addition of Lithium ion is 1.33 times more than pure KDP. The crystal structure and cell parameters of grown crystal were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The Energy Dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX) gives the chemical composition of grown crystal. The functional groups were identified by FT‐IR spectral analysis. The presence of Lithium in the material of grown crystal was detected by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The optical absorption and transmission studies were done by UV‐Visible spectral analysis. The grown crystal was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoconductivity and photoluminescence in chemically deposited (Cd‐Zn)S:CdCl2,Tb films
Authors: Bhushan S. , Pillai S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractResults of SEM, EDX and XRD studies, Optical Absorption spectra, Photoconductivity (PC) rise and decay, PC excitation spectra and Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra are presented for (Cd‐Zn)S:CdCl2, Tb films prepared by chemical deposition method on glass substrates either at room temperature (RT) or at 60 °C in a water bath (WB). SEM studies show ball type structure which is related to layered growth. EDX measurements show excess of Cd in such preparations along with the presence of Tb. XRD studies show prominent diffraction lines of CdS and ZnS along with lines of CdCl2 and impurity. The values of strain (ε), grain size (D), and dislocation density (δ) are evaluated from XRD studies and the nature of crystallinity of the films are discussed. Optical Absorption spectra also show the presence of Tb in the lattice corresponding to the transition 7F6(4f8) → 5D0(5d14f7) of Tb3+ ions. From results of optical absorption spectra, the band gaps are determined, whose values are quite similar to those obtained from PC excitation spectra. Sufficiently high photo current (Ipc) to dark current (Idc) ratios with a maximum value of the order of 106 are observed. This high photosensitisation is related to increase in mobility and lifetime of carriers due to photo excitation. PL emission spectra consist of peaks due to transitions in Tb levels. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a 2D supramolecular framework with right‐ and left‐helices based on mixed ligands
Authors: Ma Lufang , Wang Liya , Wang Yongwei , Hu Jiangliang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn exploration of the cobalt‐OH‐BDC‐bpp system under hydrothermal conditions, has led to the isolation of a novel framework [Co(OH‐BDC)(bpp)0.5(H2O)]n (OH‐BDC = 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid, bpp = 1,3‐bi(4‐pyridyl)propane). Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. a = 10.235(8) Å, b =17.882(14) Å, c = 14.291(11) Å, β = 92.107(9)°.The cobalt ions are linked into an extended helical chain via OH‐BDC and mono‐coordinated bpp ligands through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Further these helical chains are united together through the bridging bpp to form a 2D layer and the adjacent chains possess the opposite chirality. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a 3‐D supramolecular Cu/Mn complex with pydc
Authors: Wu Jian 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA supramolecular compound, {[CuMn(pydc)2(H2O)5]·2H2O} (1) (pydc = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate dianion), has been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that it crystallizes in the triclinic space group P‐1, a = 8.4763(17) Å, b = 9.7715(19) Å, c = 13.909(3) Å, α =101.234(3)°, β =102.520(3)°, γ= 97.375(4)°. Two mixed‐metal ions exhibit similar coordinated geometries with octahedron. 1 possesses a 3‐D unusual supramolecular network featuring 1D water tape. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MAEAM investigation of the structural stability and theoretical strength of Fe crystals under uniaxial loading
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Min , Wang Jing‐Zhou , Xu Ke‐Wei 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe structural stability and theoretical strength of BCC crystal Fe under uniaxial loading have been investigated with the modified analytic embedded‐atom method (MAEAM). Even if an orthorhombic path is applied, the deformation is spontaneous along the tetragonal path till Milstein modified Born criterion B22‐B23>0 is violated at λ1=0.9064 in the compressive region. The branched orthogonal path with lower compressive stress σ1 and energy E is preferred over the conventional tetragonal Bain path. A stress‐free FCC phase with the local maximum energy of ‐4.2186eV appearing either in compressive region (orthorhombic path) at λ1=0.8923 or in tensile region (tetragonal path) at λ1=1.2619 is unstable and would slip spontaneously into its near neighbor stress‐free mBCT phase with the local minimum energy of ‐4.2270eV. The initial BCC phase with the lowest energy of ‐4.280eV is the most stable in correspondence with the actual behavior of Fe. Furthermore, the stable region ranges from ‐79.7eV/nm3 to 30.6eV/nm3 in the theoretical strength or from 0.9064 to 1.1788 in the stretch λ1 correspondingly. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells induced from rat embryonic neural precursor cells followed by flow cytometry
Authors: Lü He‐Zuo , Wang Yan‐Xia , Li Ying , Fu Sai‐Li , Hang Qin , Lu Pei‐Hua 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that a cell‐intrinsic timer might determine when oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) stop dividing and initiate differentiation in a defined environment. In this report, the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs induced from neural precursor cells (NPCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry combined with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling and propidium iodide staining, respectively. When OPCs were cultured in OPC‐medium, more than 30% of cells were in S‐ and G2/M‐phases, and continuously self‐renewed without differentiation. After exposure to thyroid hormone, there was an obvious decrease in the fraction of cells in both S‐ and G2/M‐phases (<10%). Furthermore, the OPCs no longer proliferated, but differentiated into oligodendrocytes. The dynamic proliferation and differentiation characteristics of OPCs induced from NPCs and analyzed by flow cytometry were similar to those of OPCs isolated from the CNS and analyzed by other methods. These studies indicated that the proliferation and differentiation of OPCs can be followed simply and rapidly by flow cytometry. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Implications of starvation‐induced change in right dorsal anterior cingulate volume in anorexia nervosa
Authors: McCormick Laurie M. , Keel Pamela K. , Brumm Michael C. , Bowers Wayne , Swayze Victor , Andersen Arnold , Andreasen Nancy 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjective:Converging evidence suggests a role for the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study sought to determine whether ACC volume was affected by starvation in active AN and, if so, whether this had any clinical significance.Method:Eighteen patients with active AN and age‐ and gender‐matched normal controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sixteen patients (89%) with AN had intelligence quotients (IQ) testing at intake, 14 (78%) had repeat MRIs after weight normalization, and 10 (56%) had outcome data at 1‐year posthospitalization.Results:Right dorsal ACC volume was significantly reduced in active AN patients versus controls and was correlated with lower performance IQ. While ACC normalization occurred with weight restoration, smaller change in right dorsal ACC volume prospectively predicted relapse after treatment.Conclusion:Reduced right dorsal ACC volume during active AN relates to deficits in perceptual organization and conceptual reasoning. The degree of right dorsal ACC normalization during treatment is related to outcome. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Study of the Effect of the Phosphane Bridging Chain Nature on the Structural and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Gold(I) Ethynylpyridine Complexes
Authors: Ferrer Montserrat , Gutiérrez Albert , Rodríguez Laura , Rossell Oriol , Lima João C. , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Solans Xavier 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlkynyl AuI complexes of the type [Au(C≡CC5H4N)(PPh3)] (1) [Au2(C≡CC5H4N)2 (diphosphane)] [diphosphane = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane (2), bis(diphenylphosphanyl)isopropane] (3), bis(diphenylphosphanyl)acetylene (4), 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (5), 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane (6), 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butane (7), 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene (8) and [Au3(C≡CC5H4N)3(triphos)] [triphos = 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphanylmethyl)ethane] (9) were prepared by reaction of [Au(C≡CC5H4N)]n with the suitable phosphane. Determination of the X‐ray crystal structures of several compounds bearing different carbon backbones between the phosphorus atoms reveals the influence of the nature of the phosphane spacer on the establishment of intra and/or intermolecular gold–gold interactions. The absorption and emission properties of the complexes were analysed by taking into account the presence or absence of intermetallic interactions. Although UV/Vis spectra show differences for compounds with intramolecular Au–Au contacts, a conclusive trend was not observed in the emission behaviour. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Square‐Planar (Pentafluorophenyl)nickel(II) Complexes by Derivatization of a C–F Activation Product
Authors: Schaub Thomas , Backes Marc , Radius Udo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe NHC‐stabilized C–F activation product [Ni(iPr2Im)2(F)(C6F5)] (1) was isolated from the reaction of [Ni(cod)2] with 1,3‐diisopropylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (iPr2Im) and hexafluorobenzene. Square‐planar (pentafluorophenyl)nickel complexes of the type [Ni(iPr2Im)2(X)(C6F5)] were obtained by a systematic derivatization of 1. The reaction of 1 with silylated compounds and organyllithium compounds led smoothly to replacement of the fluorido ligand in 1 by halogenido, trifluoromethanesulfonato, cyanido, organyl, selenolato, thiolato, and hydrido ligands. According to these procedures, the NHC‐stabilized (pentafluorophenyl)nickel complexes [Ni(iPr2Im)2(X)(C6F5)] (X = Cl 2, I 3, CF3SO3 4, CN 5), [Ni(iPr2Im)2(R)(C6F5)] (R = Me 6, Ph 7, C2Ph 8, η1‐Cp 9), [Ni(iPr2Im)2(SR)(C6F5)] (R = Ph 10, nPr 11), [Ni(iPr2Im)2(SeR)(C6F5)] (R = Ph 12, iPr 13), and [Ni(iPr2Im)2(H)(C6F5)] (14) were prepared. The complexes 4, 6. 9, 11, 13 and 14 were structurally characterized.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
quart‐Feproline: Synthesis of a Very Rigid [3]Ferrocenophane‐Derived Artificial Amino Acid
Authors: Tebben Ludger , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland , Erker Gerhard 
Published: May 2008

AbstractStarting from the α‐(dimethylamino)[3]ferrocenophane derivative 1, a short reaction sequence was developed to form a doubly anellated dihydropyrrole derivative 6 containing the ferrocenophane framework. Intermediate 6 was used for the synthesis of the (R,S,pS)‐enantiomer of the rigid artificial amino acid “quart‐Feproline”. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Star‐ and Banana‐Shaped Oligomers with a Pyrimidine Core: Synthesis and Light‐Emitting Properties
Authors: Achelle Sylvain , Ramondenc Yvan , Marsais Francis , Plé Nelly 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBy using Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions we have synthesised a series of star‐ and banana‐shaped oligomers with a pyrimidine unit as the central core and π‐conjugated arms consisting of aromatics bearing electron‐donor substituents. The position of the arms as well as the nature of their substituents were investigated with a view to accessing compounds that exhibit interesting light‐emitting properties. The best fluorescence quantum yields were obtained withbanana‐shaped pyrimidines substituted with p‐(dimethylamino)phenyl or 2‐furyl groups. Comparison of the optical properties of oligomers with benzene, pyrimidine or s‐triazine as the central unit revealed that the pyrimidinic compounds gave the best results. Some of the oligomers synthesised exhibit solvatochromic properties and pH sensibility, which could allow their use as polarity or pH sensors.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Chirality Transfer from Epoxide to Carbanion: Base‐Induced Alkylation of O‐Carbamoyl Cyanohydrins of β‐Silyl‐α,β‐epoxy Aldehyde
Authors: Sasaki Michiko , Kawanishi Eiji , Shirakawa Yuri , Kawahata Masatoshi , Masu Hyuma , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Takeda Kei 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEnantioselective C–C bond formation at an α‐position of a nitrile group with an external electrophile can be realized, although in modest ee, with the aid of both the concerted process of an epoxysilane rearrangement and a carbamoyl group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)