bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mistakes Encountered during Automatic Peak Identification in Low Beam Energy X‐ray Microanalysis
Authors: Newbury Dale E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAutomated peak identification in electron beam excited X‐ray microanalysis with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS) is subject to occasional mistakes even on well‐separated, high‐intensity peaks arising from major constituents. The problem is exacerbated when analysis conditions are restricted to operation in the “low beam energy scanning electron microscopy” (i.e. “low voltage scanning electron microscopy” or LVSEM) regime where the incident beam energy is 5 keV or less. These low beam energy microanalysis conditions force the analyst to use low fluorescence yield L‐shell and M‐shell peaks rather than higher yield K‐shell and L‐shell peaks typically selected for elements of intermediate and high atomic number under conventional high beam energy (>10 keV) conditions. Misidentifications can arise in automated peak identification procedures when only a single energy channel is used to characterize an EDS peak. The effect of the EDS measurement process is to convolve the closely spaced Lα‐Lβ and Mα‐Mβ peaks into a single peak with a peak channel shift of 20 eV or more from the Lα or Mα value, which is typically sought in an X‐ray database. An extensive list of problem situations encountered in low beam energy microanalysis is presented based upon observed peak identification mistakes as well as likely troublesome situations based upon proximity in peak energy. Robust automatic peak identification requires implementation of peak fitting that utilizes the full peak shape.SCANNING 29: 000–000, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Color temperature estimation of scene illumination by the sensor correlation method
Authors: Tominaga Shoji , Ishida Atsushi , Wandell Brian a. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn many fields, including computer vision and image understanding, it is important to obtain knowledge about the illuminating light source from color images. This paper presents an algorithm which improves the sensor correlation method used to classify the source illuminating an imaged scene, and also presents an application. First, we wish to derive a perceptually uniform illumination classification as an alternative to the conventional physical light source classification based on the color temperature scale. For this purpose, the inverse (reciprocal) color temperature scale called mired is used. Second, we calculate the correlation, not between the pixels and the source color region (illuminant gamut), but between the image gamut and the illuminant gamut. Third, a scaling operation for the image is introduced so that the illuminant gamut can be determined by adjusting the intensity difference between images. The validity of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in detail by using an actual image database. Then the proposed source classification method is applied to color compensation. When the color temperature of the source is estimated, the image obtained when the same scene is illuminated by a different source can be predicted. It is shown that color compensation based on the relation between the sensor output and the color temperature is useful in such an application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 95–108, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10372
Support for document revision in an organization using the association rule
Authors: Ueda Yoshihiro , Furukawa Shinji , Kato Naotaka , Hayashi Katsuaki , Kimura Haruhiko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe association rule is applied to revision data attained through the document revision process in an organization, and rules for document revision are extracted. Information characteristic of the organization is intrinsic to this revision data and, therefore, the authors believe that revision support based on organizational information, as well as at the notational and grammatical level, will become possible with the extracted rules. The proposed technique generates revision data from the differences in a document file before and after revision, and then mines revision rules from this data. At this time, an index called adaptive degree is introduced in order that important rules are not overlooked even if the frequency of those revisions is low. Furthermore, using a document which has been completely revised, the adaptive degree is changed according to the domain of the document. The experiment provided the following results relating to the effectiveness of the proposed technique. (1) It was possible to mine rules expressing revisions at the notational, grammatical, and semantic level and revisions based on organizational information. (2) It was presumed from the percentage of terminology included in the rules that the change in the adaptive degree of a rule according to the domain was performed appropriately. (3) Eighty percent of the revisions by a reviser could be made with rules; and the rate of the revising error could be reduced by setting the threshold value of the adaptive degree to an appropriate value. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 84– 94, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10411
Determining bidding strategies in sequential auctions: Quasi‐linear utility and budget constraints
Authors: Hattori Hiromitsu , Yokoo Makoto , Sakurai Yuko , Shintani Toramatsu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA great deal of research is actively being conducted concerning Internet auctions. A method has previously been proposed for obtaining the optimal bidding strategy by using dynamic programming in a sequential auction, which is one form of auction. However, the conventional method assumes that the utility of an agent who is bidding takes a general additive form, and the remaining endowment of money during bidding has to be represented in each of the various states that are taken into consideration in the dynamic programming procedure. As a result, when the initial endowment of moneymis large, the number of states that have to be taken into consideration becomes extremely large. In this paper, by assuming that the utility of an agent takes a quasi‐linear form, which is a type of additive form, the authors show that the optimal strategy using dynamic programming is obtained since the number of states is reduced to 1/mtimes the number obtained when the utility takes a general additive form. However, when the agent utility is assumed to take a quasi‐linear form, it is impossible to represent budget constraints. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a method of quickly obtaining a quasi‐optimal strategy when budget constraints exist by modifying the strategy that is obtained when quasi‐linear utility is assumed and show the effectiveness of the proposed method through experimental evaluations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 72– 83, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10465
Multiple‐valued image‐contour extraction method using a Laplacian– Gaussian filter
Authors: Muranaka Noriaki , Kudoh Shinya , Ashida Takanori , Tokumaru Masataka , Imanishi Shigeru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAs a preparation for image recognition and character recognition in image processing, it is often necessary to separate the target region from other regions. To extract the edges of an object, binarization with a Laplacian filter or a Laplacian– Gaussian filter has been widely used. Such a method has problems, however: for example, the extraction of noise rather than the real edges of an object; failure to extract parts of a visually noticeable edge; and difficulty in setting thresholds for edge extraction. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a multiple‐valued image‐contour extraction method using a 3‐valued L‐G filter or a 5‐valued full‐color extraction method. The effectiveness of the proposed method and the realization of a multiple‐valued logic circuit are examined. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 61– 71, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10467
Nonbinary single‐symbol error correcting, adjacent two‐symbol transposition error correcting codes over integer rings
Authors: Namba Kazuteru , Fujiwara Eiji 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNonbinary information (m‐ary symbol information) is often used in information input systems based on character recognition or keyboard entry. It is known that single‐symbol errors and adjacent two‐symbol transposition errors occur in such systems. This paper proposes a code construction method that can correct nonbinary single‐symbol errors and also adjacent two‐symbol transposition errors. The codes proposed in this paper consist of check symbols on integer rings and prime fields. These check symbols are converted to m‐ary symbols and the code word is constructed by adding the result to the information symbol. The proposed code is better than the conventional code in terms of code length. When m=10, for example, the code length is more than twice that of the conventional code. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 54– 60, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10516 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rendering intricately‐shaped objects using view‐dependent microfacets
Authors: Yamazaki Shuntaro , Sagawa Ryusuke , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Ikeuchi Katsushi , Sakauchi Masao 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWhen a real object is displayed in a virtual space by using computer graphics, the general approach is to draw the image on the basis of the geometrical information and the texture information about the object. However, when the object has a complex and fine structure, it is difficult to draw the object image precisely without a decrease in realism, since the geometrical model cannot be determined precisely. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes the following method. Small faces (microfacets) are generated according to the drawing viewpoint to form layers which are always perpendicular to the view line. Then view‐dependent texture mapping is applied to each microfacet and drawing with greater realism is achieved. These processes can be implemented efficiently on an ordinary PC by using programmable graphic hardware. It is shown that view‐dependent detail‐level control can be realized in this method, so that complicated objects and scenes can be drawn at interactive speed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 44– 53, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10703
Hierarchical face cluster partitioning of polygonal surfaces and high‐speed rendering
Authors: Tsuji Tokuo , Zha Hongbin , Hasegawa Tsutomu , Kurazume Ryo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA computer's rendering capacity cannot handle the increased amount of data when rendering high‐quality, three‐dimensional computer graphic images. This results in problems such as rendering not being possible depending on the subject image, or the rendering speed dropping too far. To resolve these problems, we propose a method for generating a new hierarchical three‐dimensional data structure based on recursive face cluster partitioning, and a high‐speed rendering data extraction algorithm using that data structure. In the proposed algorithm, local resolution control using the approximating polygon of a face cluster, and precise invisible surface culling using the bounding volume of the face cluster can be executed in parallel. High‐speed rendering can be performed with little deterioration in quality, even for a large amount of data. The effectiveness of this algorithm was confirmed with a local resolution control experiment and a large‐scale three‐dimensional model rendering experiment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 32– 43, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20581
A study on decision‐making and institutional design in recycling system: An analysis of the market for collecting used units
Authors: Nishino Nariaki , Oda Sobei H. , Ueda Kanji 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a specific examination of decision‐making of economic agents in a recycling system and analyzes recycling as a social system. A market model for collecting used products is constructed based on market microstructure theory. In addition to the theoretical analyses, we examine the behavior of each decision‐maker and the overall recycling system using the multiagent system that comprises both human subjects and computerized agents. Results show that the theoretically best case is not good in experiments. Moreover, this paper also presents discussion of institutional design by comparing experimental results with current institutions using real‐world data for several types of products. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 20–31, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20622
Development of knowledge‐filtering agent along with user context in ubiquitous environment
Authors: Takenouchi Takao , Okamoto Naoyuki , Kawamura Takahiro , Ohsuga Akihiko , Maekawa Mamoru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a combination of Ubiquitous Computing and Semantic Web. Data and services will be annotated even in the ubiquitous devices, and should be connected to the web of semantics in the near future. We call this Ubiquitous Semantics, in which we find a huge amount of knowledge information, but also find most information transitively along with the user context. Therefore, in order for an agent to satisfy a user's real‐time query, it is required to efficiently retrieve timely and useful pieces of the knowledge from the Ubiquitous Semantics. Thus, this paper describes a knowledge‐filtering agent which quickly responds to queries by dynamic classification of the necessary information along with the user context changing in the real world. Further, to evaluate our approach, we validate the performance of an application: a Recipe Recommendation Agent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 11– 19, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20626 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New excitation codebook search methods to reduce perceptual degradation of CELP
Authors: Yamaura Tadashi , Tasaki Hirohisa , Takahashi Shinya 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the authors propose three new excitation codebook search methods for suppressing the selection of an excitation code vector that has a high likelihood of producing pulse‐like degraded sound in a low‐bit‐rate CELP coder that uses a pulse‐like excitation code vector. The proposed methods are (1) adaptive weighting for coding distortion based on the state of the input speech, (2) weighting for coding distortion due to amplitude distribution distortion in the time direction, and (3) setting an upper limit for the coding distortion rate for pulse‐like excitation codebook searches. Although an excitation code vector with large coding distortion is selected if these proposed methods are set from the coding distortion minimization standard that is used in a conventional CELP excitation code vector search, there is an improvement in the quality that is perceived by the sense of hearing. The authors applied the proposed methods to a 4‐kbps CELP coder to verify their effectiveness according to subjective quality evaluation experiments. The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed methods by showing that the introduction of the proposed methods improved the MOS value by approximately 0.3 for clean speech and by approximately 0.4 for noise‐added speech. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(8): 1–10, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20739
TOF‐SIMS characterization of an aluminovanadate oxide catalyst
Authors: Chenakin S. P. , Silvy R. Prada , Kruse N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTime‐of‐flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) has been employed to characterize the surface physical and chemical state of aluminovanadate oxide catalyst precursors (‘VAlO’) precipitated at different pH values in the range of 5.5…10. The reference oxide V2O5 has also been studied for comparison purposes. It is shown that the analysis of molecular ion emission yields valuable information on the surface elemental and phase composition. Increasing pH values while precipitating from aqueous precursor solutions are found to result in a monotonic variation of the surface composition, in a progressive hydroxylation of aluminium and vanadium and in an increasing dispersion of vanadium oxide species. SIMS data evaluated on the basis of Plog's valence model of molecular ion emission reveal reduced V4+ states, the fraction of which is dependent on the pH value. The SIMS results are supported by XPS data. The enhancement of the catalytic activity in oxidative propane dehydrogenation over VAlO prepared at high precipitation pH is in good correlation with the measured surface characteristics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approach to differentiating between multi‐ and monolayers using MALDI‐TOF MS
Authors: Quiñones Rosalynn , Raman Aparna , Gawalt Ellen S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnalysis and confirmation of monolayer film thickness on metal oxide surfaces has proven to be challenging. XPS and AFM have been used to investigate the monolayer formation. However, these techniques are difficult to access and/or determine the composition of the organic molecules on the surfaces. Here we demonstrate the ability of MALDI‐TOF to characterize long alkyl chain phosphonic acid molecules in thin films on titanium, iron and stainless steel. These systems are known to be stable, strongly adhered films. The thin films were characterized by IR, AFM, contact angle measurements and the results were confirmed by MALDI‐TOF. Moreover, the MALDI‐TOF was used to differentiate between mono‐ and multilayers on planar surfaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the modifications of polystyrene surface properties after incubation with the Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria at two pH values (4, 10) by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Gaboriaud Fabien , Bailet Sidney , Dague Etienne , Jorand Frédéric 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe local surface properties of polystyrene (PS) dishes incubated for 14 h with gram‐negative cells (Shewanella putrefaciens) were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous solutions at two pH values (4 and 10). The AFM images and force curves revealed the presence of a polymeric layer adsorbed onto the PS surfaces in acid media. In contrast, no evolution was observed in the case of basic media. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of different mammographic radiation exposures on predicted benefits of screening for breast cancer
Authors: Dubin Neil 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe benefits and risks of screening for breast cancer, including both mammographic and clinical examinations, are analysed by means of a probabilistic model. The model, applied to previously unpublished data provided by the HIP (Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York) breast cancer screening project, permits more precise stratification by age than previous analyses and allows for incorporation of oncogenic risks due to mammography. It is assumed that, from the tenth year of screening onward, radiation induces 6 cases of breast cancer per year per million women screened per rad delivered to the breast tissue per exam.The predicted pattern of breast cancer cases and deaths is commensurate with that actually observed in the first nine years of the HIP study. In extrapolation to lifetime experience, the model predicts an ultimate decrease in the probability of dying of breast cancer only for women over age fifty at initial screening and an increase in life expectancy for the entire screened group, at an exposure level of three rads per exam. Had radiation dosage been one rad or less per exam, which is within the range now possible with modern equipment and procedures, the radiation risk would not offset even a modest benefit such as is predicted for the younger women, either in number of deaths or years of life expectancy.
On choosing the number of interim analyses in clinical trials
Authors: McPherson Klim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSmall but important therapeutic effects of new treatments can be most efficiently detected through the study of large randomized prospective series of patients. Such large scale clinical trials are nowadays commonplace. The alternative is years of polemic and debate surrounding several trials each too small to detect plausible differences with any certainty. Such trials produce equivocal and contradictory results, which could be predicted from power calculations based upon sensible pre‐trial estimates of treatment differences. Unfortunately such calculations often lead to sample sizes of several thousands.It is not surprising that investigators tend to be over‐optimistic in their estimation of treatment effects (which are necessarily uncertain) especially when the sample size requirements are so stark. In this paper a method is outlined for incorporating into the sample size calculations the uncertainty of the estimate made at the design stage of a clinical trial. In particular a formal scheme is described for deciding how many interim analyses should be performed to satisfy ethical and pragmatic requirements of large clinical trial design. Although the argument will be ‘Bayesian’, the criteria for assessment and comparison will be strictly of a Neyman‐Pearson (i.e. significance testing) kind.
The logistic function as an aid in the detection of acute coronary disease in emergency patients (A case study)
Authors: D'Agostino Ralph B. , Pozen Michael W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe empirically developed a logistic function to predict acute coronary heart disease (ACHD) and then tested it to determine its usefulness to emergency room physicians in diagnosis and admission of patients with suspected ACHD to the coronary care unit. The function was based on nine clinical, historical and electrocardiographic variables from a set of 105 variables collected on 643 patients with suspected ACHD. In the second phase of the study, we provide the probabilities generated by the function to emergency room physicians during alternate months as a supplement to existing diagnostic modalities. Use of the probability of ACHD (401 patients with probabilities versus 455 patients without probabilities) resulted in statistically significant improvement in diagnostic rates and reduction in the number of inappropriate admissions to the coronary care unit.
Measuring the correlation between time series of hormonal data
Authors: Marks Ronald G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeveral biomedical experiments have as their objective the determination of a relationship between a pair of time series. Often, the investigator wishes to discover if one series has a lagged dependence on the other. The analysis required in such an experiment involves a three step approach utilizing both multiple regression and time series techniques. This paper presents an example of this type of experiment and describes the steps to be followed in analysing the results.
Statistics in medical journals
Authors: Altman Douglas G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe general standard of statistics in medical journals is poor. This paper considers the reasons for this with illustrations of the types of error that are common. The consequences of incorrect statistics in published papers are discussed; these involve scientific and ethical issues. Suggestions are made about ways in which the standard of statistics may be improved. Particular emphasis is given to the necessity for medical journals to have proper statistical refereeing of submitted papers.