bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spinal cord injury at birth: a hidden causative factor
Authors: Fenger‐Gron Jesper , Kock Kirsten , Nielsen Rasmus G , Leth Peter M , Illum Niels 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA case of perinatally acquired spinal cord injury (SCI) is presented. The foetus was vigorous until birth, the breech presented and delivery was performed by a non‐traumatic Caesarean section. The infant displayed symptoms of severe SCI but diagnosis was delayed due to severe co‐morbidity. Diagnostic considerations are briefly reviewed. Ventilatory support was withdrawn at the age of 20 days when the infant had still not exhibited any respiratory effort or spontaneous movements. Autopsy revealed a serious congenital malalignment of the upper cervical vertebrae and at the histological examination extensive reactive changes were observed in the same area. To our knowledge such findings have not been published previously.Conclusion: In cases of serious perinatally acquired SCI, claim of malpractice is often apparent. In this case a hidden congenital malformation of the cervical vertebrae was revealed, highlighting the need of careful postmortem examinations in such cases.
AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF SOLUTES FROM FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE) ASSISTED BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: EL‐BELGHITI KAMAL , MOUBARIK AMINE , VOROBIEV EUGENE 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT Aqueous nonthermal extraction was performed from thin and coarse fennel gratings of seven different sizes in order to obtain extracts, which could be used as natural food preservatives (antioxidants). A moderate pulsed electric field (PEF) with different intensities, E = 0–600 V/cm, and number of pulses, n = 0–850, was used to electropermeabilize the cell membranes and to accelerate the following extraction. The optimal parameters of PEF were found for each size of grating to maximize the yield of solutes. Extract turbidity and color were evaluated. Additionally, the thermal extraction from coarse gratings was studied at different temperatures (60–90C). The concentration of vitamins C and E in extracts, obtained with thermal and PEF treatments, was estimated. The PEF treatment was more effective for coarse gratings (the juice yield increased from 60 to 98%, and the obtained extracts were less turbid and less colored) than for thin gratings. Furthermore, extracts obtained from coarse gratings treated by PEF contained more vitamins C and E than extracts obtained by thermal extraction. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONResearches presented in this article should find their entire practical application in the field of food industries. They will permit preparation of fennel extracts, used as food preservatives (antioxidants), by PEF‐assisted aqueous extraction, which preserves better antioxidant substances. Extracts should be of good quality and the energy consumption should be reasonable.
A STATISTICAL APPROACH TO PREDICT THE STERILIZATION VALUE FOR CANNED OLIVES
Authors: GULDAS M. , GONENC S. , GURBUZ O. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT It is essential that sterilization values be calculated through measurements of temperature from the coldest point of the can during thermal sterilization. However, in practice, the taking of such measurements in an operating food plant can be quite difficult because of time restrictions, and the number of thermocouples and measurements required. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a more convenient way of estimating F values that uses experimental methods through multiple regression models. The distribution of F values and the correlation between the retort temperature and the cold spot temperature of the can were taken into consideration using statistical methods. The estimated results were calculated with very low SD. It was found that there was a close relation between temperatures of retort and cold spot with a high correlation ratio, and thus it could be concluded that it is possible to use retort temperature in the estimation of F values, statistically. The experimental and estimated mean averages of F values were calculated as 13.59 and 13.59 for a 0.5‐kg can, 14.15 and 14.16 for a 1‐kg can, and 8.22 and 8.22 for a 5‐kg can. A high correlation was found between the experimental and estimated F values (0.91 for a 0.5‐kg can, 0.86 for a 1‐kg can and 0.96 for a 5‐kg can; P < 0.001). It was also noted that an inversely proportional relation exists between the size of the can and the F value.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIn addition to measuring F values through experimentation, a more convenient way of estimating F values is sought using other methods. For this purpose, the relationship between the retort temperature and cold spot temperature of a can was investigated making use of statistical data.It was found that, according to the statistical findings, it is possible to estimate F values by using the retort temperature.A new statistical approach to estimating F values was developed, investigating previous statistical methods, such as cumulative histograms, Laplace distribution, Kolmogorov–Simirnov test, etc.
SPLITTING AND BREAKING OF PISTACHIO NUTS WITH STRIKING AND HEATING
Authors: BILIM H.I. CEM , POLAT REFIK 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heating process and striking on splitting and breaking of pistachio nuts and obtaining their kernels without damage. For this purpose, heating process (350C) was applied to pistachio nuts. Heated nuts were dropped onto the rotating disk and then thrown to strike the wall of the container by centrifuge effect . Striking velocity was adjusted with a rotating disk that was driven by an electrical engine. Three different disk rotations (400, 500 and 600/min) with three different moisture contents of pistachios (6.5, 22.0 and 42.5%) were evaluated in the experiments. Results indicated that the highest splitting rate was obtained as 29.33% at 22.0% moisture content with 400 1/min disk velocity. The most healthy kernel percentage obtained from unsplit pistachio nuts was 25.76% at 6.5% moisture content with 500 1/min disk velocity. Additionally, the study results showed that only the heating process had no affect while heating and crushing combinations increased splitting and obtaining the kernels. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSConsumption of healthy foods is very important for human health. Kirmizi variety of pistachio nuts contains a high ratio of unsplit pistachio nuts after harvest. These pistachio nuts are either consumed as appetizers or used in the sweets sector after extracting the inner part (kernel). The economical value of unsplit pistachio nuts is very low. For this reason, pistachio nut processing plants try to split them or extract the inner part without causing any damage. Unsplit pistachio nuts are split by hand or by primitive hand tools, such as hammer or pliers, and then extracted. This method is not healthy. This study is one of the limited studies concerning automatic, quick and economic splitting and extraction of pistachio nuts. After handling problems like splitting and extracting the kernel of pistachio nuts, pistachio nut processing plants will achieve a healthy pistachio nut production. This study offers a new system for healthy pistachio nut production, with low initial cost, lower wages and in less time.
Everyday Life in Malaysia: Representations of Social Relationships in Malay Humour Magazines
Authors: Provencher Ronald 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe pictorial and verbal versions of texts about the routines and problems of everyday life in Malaysia that are featured in Malay humour magazines enjoy immense popularity. Popular acceptance among Malays and the near immunity of such texts from government censorship suggest their relevance to the description and analysis of Malay perceptions of ethnic, lifestyle and class relationships in contemporary Malaysian society. Examples of texts and interpretations of them by Malay informants, cartoonists and humour writers as well as readers, indicate a very broad range of Malay perspectives on class and ethnic relations in Malaysia.
Rethinking Resurgent Christianity in Singapore
Authors: Goh Daniel P. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the past two decades, the dramatic growth of Protestant Christianity in Singapore, fuelled by the worldwide Christian Charismatic Renewal, has attracted sociological attention. This paper discusses the historical development of Singaporean modernity and the concomitant rise of the existential self. The argument is that increasing distantiation of individuals from rationalizing societal and cultural institutions in modernity leads to increasing self-consciousness and simultaneously, the transcendentalization of the individual's phenomenological consciousness. This condition threatens to reveal the constructed nature of erstwhile-reified social objects and categories, allowing individuals to realize freedom while posing anguish. The latter is postulated as driving individuals to resolve their existential selves using transcendent or transient cultural resources. Based on ethnographic data from six months of fieldwork, this paper argues that Protestant Charismatic fundamentalism, the most popular option for Christian converts, is particularly suited to resolve the existential self in Singaporean modernity. This is because it offers both resolutions in an intense and balanced combination, while situating these resolutions in relationships of the self with others; and provides a worldview that helps the existential self make sense of everyday life in global modernity.
Boundaries and Polemics in the Gospel of Matthew
Authors: Saldarini Anthony J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe question about whether the late first-century author of the Gospel of Matthew and his group of followers of Jesus were still within the Jewish community or were a community which had recently parted company with Judaism assumes the existence of a clearly defined Judaism and Christianity in the author's social setting and interprets the polemics as evidence for the separation. When Matthew's mode of speaking about the crowds, Israel and the Gentiles and his vituperative attacks upon Israel's leaders are analyzed sociologically, they suggest that he is a member of Israel who still hopes to influence his fellow Jews to accept Jesus and reject their traditional (mis)leaders. Matthew does not reject Israel or oppose Christianity to Judaism; he hopes to convince his fellow Jews to endorse a Jesus-centered Israel. Thus Matthew's group is better understood as a sect or deviant group still within the broader, varied and often ill-defined, Jewish community of the late first century.
Von Der Psalmenexegese Zur Psalterexegese Anmerkungen Zum Neuansatz Von Frank Lothar Hossfeld Und Erich Zenger
Authors: Millard Matthias 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDer neue Kommentar über Psalm 1-50 von Frank-Lothar Hossfeld und Erich Zenger ist der erste Kommentar in deutscher Sprache mit einem Interesse an kontextueller Auslegung seit dem von Franz Delitzsch (1860; 5. Auflage, 1894). Seine Methode, die Kontextbezogenheit der Psalmen zu erklären, ist aberwiegend die Redaktionskritik; einige Psalmen werden aber auch als kompositorische Psalmen betrachtet. Der Kommentar führt zwei typische Phasen der Redaktionsarbeit aus: eine formative-exilische und eine nachexilische, die ein besonderes Interesse an einer Theologie der Armen hat. Die Kritik dieses Ansatzes, wie sie in diesem Artikel erfolgt, befürwortet überwiegend die Struktur, nach der die Psalmen in chiastischen Sammlungen angeordnet sind (bei Hossfeld und Zenger: Ps. 3-14; 15-24; 25-34; 35-41; 42-49) mit Ps. 1 und 2 als Einleitung zum gesamten Psalter und zu Teilen von ihm. Aus der Perspektive, daß der Psalter aus kleineren formgeschichtlich definierten Einheiten besteht, in denen der Leser von der Klage zu Lob und Dank geführt wird, fragt er weiter kritisch nach der vermuteten redaktionsgeschichtlichen Struktur des Psalters und deren literarkritischen Implikationen.
The Book of Ruth and the Possibility of a Feminist Canonical Hermeneutic
Authors: Bauckham Richard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe book of Ruth is written from a female perspective, which in 4:9-17 is deliberately contrasted with a male perspective. The inter-textual contrast between the gynocentricity of Ruth and the androcentricity of most narrative literature in the Hebrew Bible is recognized within the text of Ruth by the appending of the genealogy in 4:18-22. Here the male voice of compilers of traditional patrilineal genealogies replaces the female voice of the story. Though the story and the genealogy purport to recount the same history, the women's world of the story is completely ignored by the genealogy. This contrast characterizes Ruth as the kind of history which official, masculine Israelite history leaves out. Thus the conclusion of the book, which functions to give it a canonical setting in the larger biblical story, also gives it the specific canonical function of exposing the androcentricity of other biblical narratives. The book's revelation of the women's world which other narratives render invisible can therefore function canonically, not merely as an exception to the prevalent androcentricity of biblical literature, but also representatively, authorizing the reader to supply the female perspectives which are elsewhere omitted. This study of Ruth, it is suggested, offers an example of a feminist canonical hermeneutic which would also explore the specific ways in which other gynocentric texts within the canon (such as those parts of the Gospels which adopt the perspective of their female characters) can function canonically. Allowing these gynocentric texts a canonical role of relativizing the androcentric texts makes possible a feminist hermeneutic which can take the canon seriously as a body of literature normative for faith and practice.
Reading Asceticism: Exegetical Strategies in the Early Christian Rhetoric of Renunciation
Authors: Clark Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhen in early Christianity the ascetic body came to occupy a central discursive position, exegetes needed to find in Scripture ballast for their changing cultural project. This essay identifies three strategies by which patristic exegetes appropriated for their own purposes an apparently "underasceticized" Hebrew and early Christian past. The writings of John Chrysostom, Jerome, and Origen, respectively, provide the textual base. Chrysostom minimized the difference separating ancient Hebrew from contemporary Christian values: Hebrew patriarchs and Christian ascetics were not to be hierarchically positioned in relation to each other. Rather, "difference" and "distinction" were signalled through an exegetically established and maintained hierarchy of husband over wife. A second interpretive option, represented by Jerome, accentuated the difference between the "carnality" of the Hebrew past and the "spirituality" of the Christian ascetic present. Although Jerome rejected the charges of "Manicheanism" hurled against him, he nonetheless accorded "distinction" to the ascetics of his own day through ingenious intertextual readings of Scripture. A third exegetical model, represented by Origen, circumvented the debate over the "difference in times" by abandoning any chronological trajectory between Hebrew past and Christian present. Here it was not ascetic bodies that were distinguished from marital ones, but reason from sense, virtue from vice-a choice open to both the celibate and the married. The essay thus seeks to correlate modes of exegesis with the debates over asceticism that were prominent in early Christian writing. It also suggests the usefulness of contemporary theory for appreciating the rhetoric of these Fathers' exegesis.
The Biblical King David and His Artistic and Literary Afterlives
Authors: O'Kane Martin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe story of David has occupied the minds of biblical critics and fired the imagination of artists over the years. David's status as founder of a dynasty of kings is highlighted in Jewish and Christian traditions and his multifaceted personality has found expression in many and varied artistic forms. The central focus in this article is the way in which the figure of David has been represented in art and literature generally, but with specific reference to Allan Massie's King David, A Novel (1995) as an interpretation of the biblical story of David. By way of introduction some general comments are offered on the attraction and appeal of the biblical narrative for both artist and writer. Such comments help to situate the discussion of the David narrative within the wider cultural approach, an approach used to good effect in the works of Mieke Bal, Cheryl Exum and Larry Kreitzer.
"Women Tongue Speakers, Be Silent": a Reconstruction Through Paul's Rhetoric 1
Authors: Eriksson Anders 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhereas interpreters commonly assert that women play a marginal role in 1 Corinthians 12-14, this article argues that Paul's prohibition of women's public speaking in 1 Cor. 14:34 is actually the main issue. Paul's use of the insinuatio, the Subtle Approach, as his rhetorical strategy is the key interpreters need to reconstruct the rhetorical situation and to understand adequately his argumentation. A group of tongue-speaking women who have gained the status of a spiritual elite, pose a threat to Paul and create disorder in the worship services. In a critical dialogue with Antoinette Clark Wire, it is maintained that Paul designates these women pneumatics to be not "prophets" but merely "tongue speakers."Paul uses much male/female imagery for the polemical purpose of making a gender-based dissociation and redefinition of the wider phenomenon "inspired speech," into the categories "prophecy" and "glossolalia."He connects prophecy with rationality, order and male social roles in the public sphere, and glossolalia with contemporary ideas of female inferiority. Paul's negative portrayal of glossolalia is part of his rhetorical effort to silence the women tongue speakers in the church meeting.
Out of Mind, Out of Voice: Slave-Girls and Prophetic Daughters in Luke-Acts
Authors: Spencer F. Scott 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe promise in Acts 2 (disclosed in Peter's programmatic citation of Joel at Pentecost) that women in general and female slaves in particular will become Spirit-inspired prophets is never fully realized and is even resisted to some degree within the wider Lukan narrative. An examination of three cases involving direct speech by slave-girls (paidiskai) in Luke-Acts, set within diverse literary and social contexts (Lk. 22.54-62; Acts 12.12-17; 16.16-18), uncovers a consistent pattern of truthful proclamation on the part of each slave-girl followed, however, by some form of repudiation-even stigmatization-of her and her message. Despite its more inclusive and receptive ideals, ultimately Luke-Acts more mirrors than challenges conventional first-century Mediterranean society in its suppression of lower-class female voices.
Returning To China: Biblical Interpretation in Postcolonial Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Archie C.C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper aims to construct a new framework for biblical studies from the context of postcolonial Hong Kong. While present biblical scholarship has largely depended on historical-critical exegesis, biblical scholars of Asia have begun to conceive a different approach to the Bible, because of not only a new context of reading, but also a radically different cultural-political location of the reader. This location, as it is now being formulated, is a reading between East and West, between the dominant interpretation and scholarship of the formerly colonial and Western cultures and the newly arising consciousness of emerging postcolonial identities in the histories and cultures of Asia. After about some 150 years of British colonial rule, the identity of being a people of Hong Kong is highly hybridised. It is a hybrid identity of being cultural Chinese and yet pragmatically British, both a strong sense of identification with China and an unexplainable fear of being national Chinese. Such location of a reader transforms one's understanding of a biblical text such as Isaiah 56-66 and sheds a new light on the meaning of the return in some of its major passages.
Reader Identification and Alienation in the Legal Rhetoric of the Pentateuch
Authors: Watts James W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThree voices dominate Pentateuchal discourse in turn: the omniscient narrator relates the stories of Genesis and Exodus, YHWH delivers the laws of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, and Moses combines narrative and law in the rhetoric of Deuteronomy. These three dominant voices of the Pentateuch are interdependent and almost interchangeable: the anonymous narrator, like Moses the scribe, requires both divine inspiration and reader acceptance for authorization of the story; the divine lawgiver requires reader acceptance of human mediation of the commandments; the prophetic scribe depends on authority delegated by both God and readers to interpret the stories, the laws, and the sanctions. The Pentateuch leaves the unification of speaking voices incomplete, however, and as a result divides the audience in two. God and Moses (or, at least, God through Moses) address the people in the wilderness and also the readers who overhear their speeches. Their audience comprises Israel throughout time, from Sinai to the present, as Deuteronomy makes explicitly clear. The narrator, by contrast, addresses only the readers through a discourse lying outside the story being narrated. Thus the Pentateuch's use of a third-person omniscient and impersonal narrator resists the unifying rhetoric of the divine and human speeches which it contains. By providing knowledge unavailable to the Israelites in the story, the narrator persuades readers to both identify with and to alienate themselves from aspects of wilderness Israel.
Reformer, Saint, and Savior: Visions of the Great Mother in the Novel Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan and Its Seventeenth-Century Chinese Context
Authors: Berg Daria 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe theme of the Great Mother emerges as a leitmotif in the seventeenth-century vernacular Chinese novel Xingshi yinyuan zhuan. This paper analyzes the portrayal of the protagonist Mme. Chao as a mother-figure, her transformation from a virtuous widow to a local leader, and her posthumous apotheosis, while placing her representation within the literary and historical context of the novel. The characterization of Mme. Chao as a reformer, saint, and savior in times of disaster dramatizes a millenarian ambience that appears to have prevailed during the last years of the Ming dynasty, reflecting the apprehension of the apocalypse and the search for a new kind of moral leadership.
Ancient Hinduism as a Missionary Religion
Authors: Sharma Arvind 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe paper is conceptually divided into four parts. In the first part the widely held view that ancient Hinduism was not a missionary religion is presented. (The term ancient is employed to characterize the period in the history of Hinduism extending from fifth century B.C.E. to the tenth century. The term 'missionary religion' is used to designate a religion which places its followers under an obligation to missionize.) In the second part the conception of conversion in the context of ancient Hinduism is clarified and it is explained how this conception differs from the notion of conversion as found in Christianity. In the third part the view that ancient Hinduism was not a missionary religion is challenged by presenting textual evidence that ancient Hinduism was in fact a missionary religion, inasmuch as it placed a well-defined segment of its members under an obligation to undertake missionary activity. Such historical material as serves to confirm the textual evidence is then presented in the fourth part.