bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Features of Pericardial Effusion in Dogs
Authors: Bonagura John D. , Pipers Frank S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a review of case records of pericardial effusion in dogs, detected by means of M-mode echocardiography, echocardiographic findings were similar to those described for other species. In each of 3 cases analyzed, the abnormalities were echo-free separation of the visceral and parietal pericardium, dampening of parietal pericardial motion, exaggerated or paradoxic motion of intracardiac structures, and thickened epicardial echos. Echocardiographic changes compatible with constriction of the pericardium were found in one case.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Antithrombin, Plasminogen, and Coagulation Abnormalities in 41 Dogs
Authors: Feldman B. F. , Madewell B. R. , O'Neill S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An analysis was made of 41 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs, with the objective of evaluating routine and nonroutine laboratory tests used in making the diagnosis. The dogs were grouped on the basis of underlying disease, which included neoplasia (39%), pancreatitis (30%), chronic active hepatitis (15%), heat stroke (12%), and sepsis (4%). Of the diagnostic tests evaluated, those for determination of activated partial thromboplastin time, antithrombin III activity, prothrombin time, and the platelet count were the most valuable. Of the clotting factors, factor V activity was decreased more frequently than the activity of factor VIII:C (factor VIII:procoagulant). The factor VIII:C activity was in conflict with prevailing dogma that reflects depression of this factor in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Factor VIII:C activity was decreased in only 29% of dogs studied. Activation of the fibrinolytic system was manifested by decreased plasminogen activity in 49% of the dogs studied. Sixty-one percent of the dogs had increased amounts of fibrin(ogen) degradation products.
Clinical Features of Inherited Cerebellar Degeneration in Gordon Setters
Authors: Steinberg H. Steven , Troncoso Juan C. , Cork Linda C. , Price Donald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We evaluated a kindred of Gordon Setters affected with inherited ataxia. Six adults and 4 pups clinically affected by the disease were examined. Pathologic studies were performed on a 3-year-old affected female dog and on a 2-month-old pup born to affected parents. The dogs were normal at birth; the 1st signs of neurologic dysfunction (wide-based stance and hypermetria) appeared between 6 and 10 months of age. As the disease progressed, increased tone of the extensor musculature, truncal ataxia, and nystagmus were noted. The disease had a slowly progressive course. The pathologic abnormalities were limited to the cortex of the cerebellum. There was atrophy with loss of Purkinje cells and granule cells affecting predominantly the vermis and paravermian regions of lobules IV, V, and VI. The study of the pedigree and our observations of the progeny of 2 affected dogs indicated that the mode of inheritance of this ataxia is compatible with an autosomal recessive trait.
Malignant Hyperthermia in a Halothane-Anesthetized Horse
Authors: Waldron-Mease Eleanor , Klein Lin V. , Rosenberg Henry , Leitch Midge 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Malignant hyperthermia developed in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred horse following 3 hours and 15 minutes of halothane anesthesia, with supplementary succinylcholine. Clinical signs included fever, sweating, hyperventilation, tachycardia, and decreased blood pressure followed by a rapid increase in blood pressure. Biochemical aberrations included hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, myoglobinuria, and high creatine phosphokinase and ornithine carbamyl transferase activities.
Treatment consisted initially of surface cooling with cold water, alcohol and ice, iv administration of cooled balanced electrolyte solutions and sodium bicarbonate, and removal from the anesthetic and rebreathing circuit. Oxygen was given by endotracheal insufflation. The rectum was then packed with ice, the horse was moved to a recovery raft and pool, and his body was packed in ice. Xylazine and dantrolene were given during recovery from anesthesia. Following recovery, treatment consisted of administration of balanced electrolyte solutions, calcium borogluconate, potassium penicillin, meperidine, and additional dantrolene.
Muscle biopsy demonstrated exaggerated contracture responses to halothane and caffeine, confirming a diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia.
The horse was returned to training following a routine postsurgical convalescent period.
A Safe Method for Repeatedly Immobilizing Seals
Authors: Geraci Joseph R. , Skirnisson Karl , St. Aubin David J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Phocid seals were immobilized safely and repeatedly, using a combination of ketamine and diazepam at mean im or iv dosages of 1.5 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Induction and recovery were smoother than with ketamine used alone. Experimentally induced pneumonia did not alter the effects of the drugs, thus attesting to the safety of the ketamine-diazepam combination.
Observations on the Immunopathology and Therapy of Canine Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
Authors: Scott D. W. , Manning T. O. , Smith C. A. , Lewis R. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunopathologic evaluation of 27 dogs with pemphigus and pemphigoid demonstrated that direct immunofluorescence testing was vastly superior to indirect immunofluorescence testing for diagnosis. Therapeutic studies in 31 dogs with pemphigus and pemphigoid demonstrated that glucocorticoids given for systemic effect were unsatisfactory as the sole form of treatment because of lack of efficacy or unacceptable side effects, or both, in over 50% of the cases.
Evaluation of Granulated Fenbendazole as a Treatment for Helminth Infections in Dogs
Authors: Roberson Edward L. , Burke T. Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in 95 dogs harboring naturally occurring infections of Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia spp and in 19 laboratory-reared Beagle pups experimentally infected with Toxascaris leonina. The drug was administered in moistened dry dog food or in canned dog food. In dosage titration and confirmational studies, using worm counts in naturally infected dogs, the drug was 98%-100% effective at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight/day for 3 days against the commonly occurring nematodes of dogs (ascarids, hookworms, and whipworm) and against Taenia tapeworms. A dosage of 20 mg/kg for 5 days was equally effective against nematodes, but only 73% of the dogs were cleared of Taenia tapeworms. There was no activity at either dosage against Dipylidium tapeworms. Dosages of 100 or 150 mg/kg for a single treatment and 5 or 25 mg/kg daily for 3 days were unsatisfactory with respect to nematodes and tapeworms.
Induced infections of T leonina were eliminated from all treated dogs at the dosage and dosing period tested (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days). Fourteen untreated controls expelled 13% of T leonina burdens.
It was concluded that granulated fenbendazole is effective in dogs against natural infections of T canis, A caninum, T vulpis, Taenia spp, and experimentally induced infections of T leonina at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight day for 3 days
Myocardial Necrosis Secondary to Neural Lesions in Domestic Animals
Authors: King J. M. , Roth L. , Haschek W. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Focal myocardial necrosis secondary to neural lesions was diagnosed in 2 dogs and 1 horse. In each case, the neural lesions were traumatic in origin. Spinal cord injury was evident in 1 dog; brain damage was evident in the other dog and presumably in the horse.
Retrospective analysis of necropsy material showed that many species were affected, without apparent age or sex predisposition. Central nervous system injury resulting from trauma, infection, or space-occupying lesions was associated with acute myocardial necrosis in all cases. The myocardial necrosis was rarely fatal; however, it did cause cardiac arrhythmias.
The Role of Face Flies in an Episode of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Gerhardt Reid R. , Allen John W. , Greene Wallace H. , Smith Paul C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cattle partially protected from face flies (Musca autumnalis) had much less infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and yielded fewer isolates of hemolytic Moraxella boυis than did similar cattle that received no face fly protection. The number of new isolates of M boυis from the unprotected cattle was highly correlated with the number of face flies observed on the cattle. Close physical proximity to cattle infected with M boυis was important in the spread of the bacteria to previously uninfected cattle; however, it did not require physical contact among the cattle to spread from herd to herd. Moraxella boυis first began to spread from herd to herd after face fly populations exceeded 10/animal for 1 month. Keratoconjunctivitis was not observed in 53% of the cattle from which M boυis was isolated. Moraxella boυis was isolated from 4 of 45 pools of face flies collected from animals in the untreated herds.
Atrial fibrillation in horses: A review of 106 clinical cases, with consideration of prevalence, clinical signs, and prognosis
Authors: Deem Debra A. , Fregin G. Frederick 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred six cases of equine atrial fibrillation (af) at the University of Pennsylvania were reviewed to determine common clinical signs and prognosis. Prevalence was estimated by comparing horses with af with equine admissions over a 10-year period (1970-1979).
Exercise intolerance was the most common clinical sign of af (64 horses). Twenty-five horses had exercise-associated epistaxis and 26 were dyspneic. Eleven horses were clinically normal, but none was used for racing. Edema and venous congestion indicative of congestive heart failure (chf) were evident in 13 horses, and all died.
All horses had an irregular heart rate and rhythm, and the pulse and intensity of heart sounds were variable. Although resting heart rates ranged from 17-120 beats/min, the mean heart rate was 41 beats/min. Of 87 horses with recorded cardiovascular findings, 16 had a pulse deficit and 18 had murmurs of grade III/V or greater intensity. Thirteen (72%) of the latter horses died (11 with chf), and all had gross cardiac lesions. Neither clinical signs nor resting heart rate enabled the clinician to predict response to therapy for af or to derive a long-term prognosis, except in horses with chf and/or loud murmurs.
Necropsy results were available for 24 horses. Cardiac lesions in 12 horses with chf included valvular insufficiency, endocarditis, myocarditis, ventricular septal defect, and pericardial effusion. Similar lesions were found in some horses that died for reasons other than chf, whereas others had no pathologic changes.
From 1970 through 1979, there was a significantly higher prevalence of af among Standardbred admissions (0.66%) than among Thoroughbred admissions (0.23%; P<0.001). The mean age of affected Standardbreds (5.4 ± 2.3 years) was lower than that for affected Thoroughbreds (7.3 ± 3.9 years), and the af prevalence in 4- to 7-year-old admissions was significantly higher in Standardbreds (P ⦤ 0.0001).
Sixty-three of 77 horses (82%) treated orally with quinidine sulfate converted to normal sinus rhythm for a period greater than 2 days; 12 subsequently reverted to af, and 7 of these were retreated and converted. In 6 horses, af converted without treatment. Most horses returned to their previous performance levels after conversion.
Acid-base and electrolyte alterations in horses with exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Koterba Anne , Carlson Gary P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In examination of the acid-base and electrolyte status of 7 horses with acute exertional rhabdomyolysis, the most consistent abnormality was hypochloremia. Metabolic acidosis was not evident in any of the horses. Therefore, the use of sodium bicarbonate in treatment of such disorders may not be indicated in all cases.
90Sr for treatment of periocular squamous cell carcinoma in the horse
Authors: Frauenfelder Harry C. , Blevins William E. , Page Edwin H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
90Sr was used to treat periocular squamous cell carcinomas in 17 horses. The shortest period of follow-up was 1 year, and the longest was 6 years. The overall nonrecurrence rate was 89%. Three recurrent lesions were successfully retreated.
Patterns of occurrence of disk disease among registered Dachshunds
Authors: Ball M. U. , McGuire J. A. , Swaim S. F. , Hoerlein B. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A pedigree study of 536 registered Dachshunds with intervertebral disk disease revealed patterns of occurrence consistent with a genetic model involving the cumulative effect of several genes, with no dominance or sex linkage, subject to environmental modification. In 2 families studied, there were 52 cases of idd among 84 Dachshunds in 15 litters, a prevalence of 62%, as compared with the estimated breed prevalence of 19%. It was concluded that Dachshunds from high-prevalence lineages should be considered to be genetically high risk and that breeders should avoid using them in breeding.
Acid-base and electrolyte values in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus
Authors: Wingfield Wayne E. , Twedt David C. , Moore Robert W. , Leib Michael S. , Wright Mollie 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (gdv) and 37 clinically normal dogs had arterial blood drawn for analysis of pH and blood gases. There was no statistically significant difference between values from the 2 groups. By calculation of the anion gap and by assessing arterial bicarbonate concentration, it appeared there were concomitant and offsetting factors, resulting in normal values for pH, blood gases, and anion gap in dogs with gdv. The results obtained indicated that sodium bicarbonate therapy should not be used in dogs with gdv.
Repeat transplacental transfer of Toxoplasma gondii in dairy goats
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Six does inoculated with the GT-1 strain of Toxoplasma gondii aborted or gave birth to kids transplacentally infected with T gondii. In the next breeding season, does were bred to a T gondii-negative buck. Four of the 6 does gave birth to kids not infected with T gondii. At 139 days after breeding, 1 doe gave birth to 3 kids infected with T gondii. Kid 1 was born alive but died within 1 hour of birth; kid 2 was born dead; and kid 3 was born weak then euthanatized 1 day after birth. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from fetal cotyledons and brain, heart, lung, liver, thigh muscle, and spinal cord of each kid. Microscopically, evidence of interstitial nodular pneumonia, hepatic necrosis, nonsuppurative myositis, myocarditis, and encephalitis was found in each kid. The 6th doe aborted 2 disintegrated fetuses at about 3 months of gestation.
Is polioencephalomalacia associated with high-sulfate diets?
Authors: Raisbeck M. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During 1979 and 1980, rations containing high concentrations of gypsum or other sulfate salts were noticed to be a common feature of several episodes of polioencephalomalacia (pem) diagnosed at the University of Missouri-Columbia Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL).
A retrospective study of 72 herds represented by all 6- to 18-month-old cattle necropsied at the VMDL between Sept 1 and Dec 31, 1980, was undertaken. Information about diet and husbandry was collected for each herd by interviews with the owner. Polioencephalomalacia occurred in 18 of 21 herds fed high-sulfate (>2% sulfate) rations, but in only 1 of 51 herds not fed such rations. The data demonstrated a statistically significant and possible causal relationship between pem in cattle and high-sulfate rations.
Vaccine-induced rabies in four cats
Authors: Esh James B. , Cunningham James G. , Wiktor T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Vaccine-induced rabies in 4 cats was characterized by rigid posterior paralysis. In 3 cats, paralysis began in 1 hindlimb and rapidly spread to the other hindlimb. Later, forelimb and cranial nerve deficits were noticed. Onset of clinical signs was 13 to 17 days after im vaccination with an ERA-strain modified live-virus rabies vaccine approved for use in cats. Each cat eventually was euthanatized.
In each case, brain tissue was found to contain rabies virus on fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation studies. An antibody titer against rabies virus was found in the csf of 1 cat. In each case, viral isolates were shown to be of an ERA strain rather than natural (“street”) rabies.
Clinical fascioliasis in domestic goats in Montana
Authors: Leathers C. W. , Foreyt W. J. , Fetcher A. , Foreyt K. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fascioliasis (Fasciola hepatica infection) was diagnosed in a herd of domestic goats in Montana. Twenty-eight goats died after a month-long clinical course of anorexia, weight loss, depression, lethargy, and decreased milk production. Clinical laboratory findings included anemia, low hemoglobin content, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilia, and high hepatic enzyme activity. The livers of affected goats had extensive parenchymal necrosis, fibrosis, and biliary hyperplasia.
Albendazole oral suspension (20 mg/kg) was used to treat 45 of the remaining goats twice, 30 days apart; 15 goats were untreated controls. Egg counts for the untreated group averaged 171 fluke eggs per gram of feces, which compared with less than 1 epg per gram for the treated group. Fifteen percent of the treated goats died, whereas 73% of the untreated goats died. On the basis of necropsy findings, albendazole treatment was regarded as >99% effective against adult F hepatica.
Congenital portacaval shunts in two cats: Diagnosis and surgical correction
Authors: Levesque Donald C. , Oliver John E. , Cornelius Larry M. , Mahaffey Mary B. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Kolata Ronald J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Congenital portacaval shunts causing signs of hepatic encephalopathy were diagnosed and surgically corrected in 2 cats. A tentative diagnosis of portacaval shunt in each case was based on history, results of physical examination, and a high venous ammonia concentration. A definitive diagnosis was established by mesenteric portography and by direct visualization of the shunt vessel during surgery.
Colostral and milk antibody titers in cows vaccinated with a modified live-rotavirus-coronavirus vaccine
Authors: Myers Lyle L. , Snodgrass David R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Colostral and milk whey rotavirus (rv) and coronavirus (cv) antibody titers stimulated in 15 beef heifers by vaccination with a modified live-rv-cv vaccine were compared with titers in 15 nonvaccinated heifers. Geometric mean antibody titers to rv in colostral and 3-day milk whey from vaccinated heifers were 2,807 and 92, respectively, and in control heifers were 1,613 and 71, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titers to cv in colostral and 3-day milk whey of vaccinated heifers were 877 and 13, respectively, compared with titers in nonvaccinated heifers of 731 and 7, respectively.
Differences in antibody titers between vaccinated and nonvaccinated heifers were not significantly different.
Prognostic value of endometrial biopsy in the mare: A retrospective analysis
Authors: de la Concha-Bermejillo Andrés , Kennedy Peter C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A retrospective analysis was made of 79 endometrial biopsy specimens obtained from mares with histories of infertility. The specimens were classified into 3 standard prognostic categories, according to the severity of the histologic changes. The 36 mares that had few endometrial lesions (category I) had a foaling rate of 78%. The 29 mares that had more severe endometrial changes (category II) had a foaling rate of 55%. The 14 mares with the most severe endometrial lesions (category III) had a foaling rate of 35%. The pregnancy losses for each category were 9.7%, 23.8%, and 44.4%, respectively. It was concluded that uterine biopsy can be a useful aid in predicting fecundity in the mare when it is used in conjunction with evalution of the history, clinical examination, and appropriate diagnostic laboratory tests, but only if satisfactory biopsy specimens are obtained and examined by an individual who has the experience and training to interpret the lesions.
Role of macrophages in the expression of immune responses
Authors: Kende Meir 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system have a crucial role as affector and effector cells in the body's defense against foreign cells and microorganisms. Macrophages function as the first line of defense via phagocytosis or opsonic phagocytosis as early as the promonocytic stage of their development. Macrophages act as affector cells via antigen presentation to lymphocytes, and they participate in the activation of T and B lymphocytes through the secretion of lymphostimulatory substances (monokines). In the cycle of reciprocal interactions, macrophages are themselves being activated via the secretory products of the lymphocytes—the lymphokines. Activated macrophages are endowed with effector functions exerted by their tumoricidal, microbicidal, and suppressor activities. Undoubtedly, additional research will enhance the importance and application of this unique cell type with multiple functions.
Evaluation of comparative cervical tuberculin skin testing in cervids naturally exposed to mycobacteria
Authors: Kollias George V. , Thoen Charles O. , Fowler Murray E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A comparative cervical tuberculin skin test was evaluated in cervids with naturally acquired mycobacterial infections. The test exhibited a high degree of sensitivity (84%) and specificity (80%) in detecting infected animals but a low level of accuracy (57%) in differentiating Mycobacterium bovis infections from infections caused by Μ avium and other Runyon groups III and IV mycobacteria. This phenomenon was attributed to a low recovery rate of more than 1 species of mycobacteria from individuals with mixed infections.
Brucellosis in wild swine: A serologic and bacteriologic survey in the southeastern United States and Hawaii
Authors: Zygmont Sharon Μ. , Nettles Victor F. , Shotts Emmett B. , Carmen William A. , Blackburn B. O. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sera from wild swine from 20 populations in 11 southeastern states and Hawaii were tested for brucellosis by the card, tube, plate, buffered plate antigen, complement-fixation, and rivanol tests. Twenty-one of 352 (6.0%) swine were considered seropositive, and these animals originated from 7 populations in 5 states: Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and South Carolina. Cultural examinations for Brucella suis also were made from subsamples of the swine tested serologically. Brucella suis biotype 1 was isolated from lymph nodes or seminal vesicles from wild swine in 2 areas in Florida and 1 in Louisiana.
Weight-length relationships of wild-caught and captive atlantic bottlenose dolphins
Authors: Ridgway S. H. , Fenner C. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Length and weight measurements were obtained on 144 Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Data were compared for wild-caught dolphins (n = 124), dolphins in training (n = 34), and dolphins that had died in an emaciated condition (n = 15).
The purpose of the study was to establish guidelines for use in estimating when a dolphin is over- or underweight. Regression lines were plotted to give the minimal acceptable weight for any length from 185 to 265 cm.
Isolation of encysted Toxoplasma gondii from muscles of mule deer in Montana
Authors: Dubey J. P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from muscles of 2 road-killed mule deer found near Bozeman, Mont, by feeding muscles to a Toxoplasma-free cat. The cat shed T gondii oocysts 5 days after ingesting muscles pooled from the 2 deer. One infective oocyst of this isolate of T gondii was lethal to mice.