bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro activity of selected antimicrobials against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin in Poland
Authors: Kizerwetter‐Świda Magdalena , Chrobak‐Chmiel Dorota , Stefańska Ilona , Kwiecień Ewelina , Rzewuska Magdalena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an important veterinary pathogen. In general, only a few antimicrobials show in vitro activity against MRSP isolates.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of selected antimicrobials, including last‐choice drugs, against clinical MRSP isolates of canine origin. The activity of 10 selected agents was evaluated against 41 clinical MRSP isolates.MethodsThe disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration values were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The guidelines for staphylococci of canine or human origin were employed for the interpretation of the results.ResultsAmong the examined MRSP isolates, resistance to enrofloxacin and clindamycin was the most prevalent (n = 40; 97.6%). Resistance to doxycycline and gentamicin was observed in 83.0% (n = 34) and 68.3% (n = 28) of the isolates, respectively. Single isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (n = 5; 12.2%) and rifampicin (n = 3; 7.3%), whereas all showed susceptibility to amikacin, vancomycin, mupirocin and linezolid. Predominantly, the results of AST obtained by both methods were consistent. Some discrepancies were observed for gentamicin; however, clinical breakpoints for staphylococci of human origin were used.ConclusionsAmikacin and chloramphenicol constitute potential treatment options in infections caused by MRSP and may be included in extended susceptibility testing in our geographical region. The determination of clinical breakpoints for some antimicrobials not incorporated in the recommendations should be a high priority in the veterinary diagnostics.
Correction to “Anosov flows, growth rates on covers and group extensions of subshifts”
Authors: Dougall Rhiannon , Sharp Richard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis note corrects an error in our paper Anosov flows, growth rates on covers and group extensions of subshifts, Invent. Math. 223:445–483, 2021. This leaves our main results, Theorem 1.1, Corollary 1.2, Theorem 1.3 and Theorem 5.1, unchanged. We also fill a gap in the arguments presented in Sect. 9; this requires a small modification to the results in this section.
Removal of the C4-domain preserves the drought tolerance enhanced by CsMYB4a and eliminates the negative impact of this transcription factor on plant growth
Authors: Li Mingzhuo , Ma Guoliang , Li Xiu , Guo Lili , Li Yanzhi , Liu Yajun , Wang Wenzhao , Jiang Xiaolan , Xie De-Yu , Gao Liping , Xia Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe MYB4 transcription factor family regulates plant traits. However, their overexpression often results in undesirable side effects like growth reduction. We have reported a green tea (Camellia sinensis) MYB4 transcription factor (CsMYB4) that represses the phenylpropanoid and shikimate pathways and stunts plant growth and development. In the current study, we observed that in CsMYB4a transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, primary metabolism was altered, including sugar and amino acid metabolism, which demonstrated a pleiotropic regulation by CsMYB4a. The CsMYB4a transgenic tobacco plants had improved drought tolerance, which correlated to alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and an increase in proline content, as revealed by metabolic profiling and transcriptomic analysis. To mitigate the undesirable repressive side effects on plant traits, including dwarfism, shrunken leaves, and shorter roots of CsMYB4a transgenic plants, we deleted the C4 domain of CsMYB4a to obtain a CsMYB4a-DC4 variant and then overexpressed it in transgenic plants (CsMYB4a-DC4). These CsMYB4a-DC4 plants displayed a normal growth and had improved drought tolerance. Metabolite analysis demonstrated that the contents of carbohydrates and proline were increased in these transgenic plants. Our findings suggest that an approriate modification of TFs can generate novel crop traits, thus providing potential agricultural benefits and expanding its application to various crops.
Gini coefficient at La Corona: The impacts of variation in analytical unit and aggregation scale
Authors: Canuto Marcello A. , Auld-Thomas Luke , Yagi Hiroaki , Barrientos Q. Tomás 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMeasurements of inequality, like many other analytical phenomena, are affected by the definition of analytical units (for example, buildings or residential groups) and the spatial unit within which those units are aggregated (for example, sites or polities). We begin by considering the impact of secondary or seasonal residences on the calculation of Gini scores when dealing with regional-scale settlement data, which is a common consideration in regional-scale population estimates. We then use LiDAR-derived settlement data from northwestern Guatemala to calculate Gini coefficients for two ancient Maya sites: Late Classic La Corona and Late Preclassic Achiotal. We investigate how the scale of the spatial unit of aggregation affects our interpretations of inequality using various architecture-based indices. Finally, we provide some preliminary interpretations for the differences calculated between these two centers.
Measuring inequality: The effect of units of analysis on the Gini coefficient
Authors: Thompson Amy E. , Chase Adrian S.Z. , Feinman Gary M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo variable degrees, inequality is present in all human societies, but how archaeologists measure inequality varies greatly. In recent research, we used the same unit of analysis, house size, to evaluate residential wealth inequality among the Classic (a.d. 250/300–800) Maya of southern Belize. Using a Gini coefficient, we found that even in this peripheral region, high degrees of inequality were present. However, nuances in inequality metrics vary based on the analytical parameters or units of measurement (area versus volume) and the unit of analysis (individual residential structures, all structures within a household group, or the entire household group, including the built environment). Generally, Gini coefficients calculated from volume are greater than those from area, and the unit of analysis affects the Gini coefficient and, thus, our interpretations of the degree of inequality present. We discuss the impact of the unit of analysis for house sizes, and how it affects our interpretations of residential wealth inequality in the past in conjunction with previous archaeological research. The findings are instrumental for comparative analyses of wealth inequality through the study of house size variation in ancient and modern societies, highlighting the value of clear definitions of the unit of analysis.
Quantifying Prescribed‐Fire Smoke Exposure Using Low‐Cost Sensors and Satellites: Springtime Burning in Eastern Kansas
Authors: Sablan Olivia , Ford Bonne , Gargulinski Emily , Hammer Melanie S. , Henery Giovanna , Kondragunta Shobha , Martin Randall V. , Rosen Zoey , Slater Kellin , van Donkelaar Aaron , Zhang Hai , Soja Amber J. , Magzamen Sheryl , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Fischer Emily V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrescribed fires (fires intentionally set for mitigation purposes) produce pollutants, which have negative effects on human and animal health. One of the pollutants produced from fires is fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The Flint Hills (FH) region of Kansas experiences extensive prescribed burning each spring (March‐May). Smoke from prescribed fires is often understudied due to a lack of monitoring in the rural regions where prescribed burning occurs, as well as the short duration and small size of the fires. Our goal was to attribute PM2.5 concentrations to the prescribed burning in the FH. To determine PM2.5 increases from local burning, we used low‐cost PM2.5 sensors (PurpleAir) and satellite observations. The FH were also affected by smoke transported from fires in other regions during 2022. We separated the transported smoke from smoke from fires in eastern Kansas. Based on data from the PurpleAir sensors, we found the 24‐hr median PM2.5 to increase by 3.0–5.3 μg m−3 (based on different estimates) on days impacted by smoke from fires in the eastern Kansas region compared to days unimpacted by smoke. The FH region was the most impacted by smoke PM2.5 compared to other regions of Kansas, as observed in satellite products and in situ measurements. Additionally, our study found that hourly PM2.5 estimates from a satellite‐derived product aligned with our ground‐based measurements. Satellite‐derived products are useful in rural areas like the FH, where monitors are scarce, providing important PM2.5 estimates.
Semidiurnal Non‐Migrating Tides in the Middle Thermosphere From Far Ultraviolet Observations
Authors: Krier Christopher S. , England Scott L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMuch of the longitude/local time dependence of the thermosphere is controlled by non‐migrating tides. Observations of semidiurnal (12‐hr) tides between 120 and 200 km altitude, that is, the middle thermosphere, are rare owing to the lack of systematic measurements in this region. Since late 2018, the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) Mission has provided unique measurements of thermospheric disk temperature and the column density ratio of atomic oxygen to molecular nitrogen ratio (ΣO/N2) from geostationary orbit. In this paper, we present an approach to deduce the strongest semidiurnal non‐migrating tides in the middle thermosphere by adapting the method of Krier et al. (2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029563) that deduces diurnal non‐migrating tides in simultaneous observations of temperature and ΣO/N2 made by GOLD. Testing of this approach suggests that the principal sources of uncertainties in the derived semidiurnal non‐migrating tides are the limitation on the longitudes sampled, such that uncertainties are higher for tides with longer horizontal wavelength, and contamination of the local time sums by stationary planetary waves, which causes amplitudes to be overestimated. Our approach is applied to GOLD data during solstice conditions in 2019–2021. Comparison to models yield disagreements which are likely due to uncertainties intrinsic to the method and/or misrepresentation of tidal dynamics in the models. These results are the first observations of semidiurnal non‐migrating tides in the middle thermosphere from a geostationary observational platform.
Genomic insights into anthropozoonotic tuberculosis in captive sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) and an Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Cambodia
Authors: Officer Kirsty , Walker Timothy M. , Cheng Sokleaph , Heng Seiha , Hidé Mallorie , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Cracknell Jonathan , Broadis Nev , Thy Nhim , Abraham Sam , Warren Kris , Jackson Bethany 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContact between humans and wildlife presents a risk for both zoonotic and anthropozoonotic disease transmission. In this study we report the detection of human strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sun bears and an Asiatic black bear in a wildlife rescue centre in Cambodia, confirming for the first time the susceptibility of these bear species to tuberculosis when in close contact with humans. After genotyping revealed two different strains of M. tuberculosis from cases occurring between 2009 and 2019, 100 isolates from 30 sun bear cases, a single Asiatic black bear case, and a human case were subjected to whole genome sequencing. We combined single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and exploration of mixed base calls with epidemiological data to indicate the evolution of each outbreak. Our results confirmed two concurrent yet separate tuberculosis outbreaks and established a likely transmission route in one outbreak where the human case acted as an intermediatory between bear cases. In both outbreaks, we observed high rates of transmission and progression to active disease, suggesting that sun bears are highly susceptible to tuberculosis if exposed under these conditions. Overall, our findings highlight the risk of bi-directional transmission of tuberculosis between humans and captive bears in high human tuberculosis burden regions, with implied considerations for veterinary and public health. We also demonstrate the use of standard genomic approaches to better understand disease outbreaks in captive wildlife settings and to inform control and prevention measures.
High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes
Authors: Matrella Maria Laura , Valletti Alessio , Gigante Isabella , De Rasmo Domenico , Signorile Anna , Russo Silvia , Lobasso Simona , Lobraico Donatella , Dibattista Michele , Pacelli Consiglia , Cocco Tiziana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
Korean version of the MNREAD acuity chart
Authors: Kim Ungsoo Samuel , Kim Keun Soo , Kim Yoon-Shin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo investigate the efficacy of the Korean version of the Minnesota low vision reading chart. A Korean version consisting of 38 items was prepared based on the MNREAD acuity chart developed by the University of Minnesota. A linguist composed the representative sentences, each containing nine words from second and third grade levels of elementary school. Reading ability was measured for 20–35-year-old subjects with normal visual acuity (corrected visual acuity of logMAR 0.0 or better). The maximum reading speed (words per minute [wpm]) for healthy participants, reading acuity (smallest detectable font size), and critical print size (smallest font size without reduction of reading speed) were analyzed. The average age of the subjects was 28.3 ± 2.6 years (male:female ratio, 4:16). The average reading time for 38 sentences was 3.66 ± 0.69 s, with no differences in the average maximum reading speed between sentences (p = 0.836). The maximum reading speed was 174.2 ± 29.3 and 175.4 ± 27.8 in the right and left eye, respectively. Reading acuity was measured as logMAR 0.0 or better in 80% of the cases. All subjects showed a critical print size of 0.2 logMAR or better. The overall reading ability can be measured using the Korean version of the MNREAD acuity chart, thereby making it useful in measuring the reading ability of those with Korean as their native language.
Effects of train vibration load on the structure and hydraulic properties of soils
Authors: Han Kai , Wang Jiading , Xiao Tao , Li Shan , Zhang Dengfei , Dong Haoyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInvestigating the impact of train-induced vibration loads on soil hydraulic properties, this study conducted experiments using a self-designed indoor soil seepage platform that incorporates vibration loads. The experiments were complemented with scanning electron microscopy to analyze the influence of train-induced vibration loads on soil hydraulic conductivity and its evolutionary characteristics under different vibration frequencies. The experimental results indicated that as the vibration frequency increases from no vibration (0 Hz) to 20 Hz, the time required for the soil volumetric moisture content to reach its peak and stabilize decreases rapidly. However, after the vibration frequency exceeds 20 Hz, the rate at which the time required for the volumetric moisture content to reach its peak and stabilize decreases slows down. Furthermore, the soil pore water pressure increases with the increase in vibration frequency. At a vibration frequency of 80 Hz, the peak value of pore water pressure increases by 105% compared to the non-vibration state, suggesting that higher vibration frequencies promote the development and acceleration of soil pore moisture migration. Additionally, as the vibration frequency increases, the soil hydraulic conductivity initially experiences a rapid increase, with a growth rate ranging from 40.1 to 47.4%. However, after the frequency exceeds 20 Hz, this growth rate significantly decreases, settling to only 18.6% to 7.8%. When the soil was subjected to a vibration load, the scanning electron microscopy test revealed alterations in its pore structure. Micropores and small pores transformed into macropores and mesopores. Additionally, the microstructural parameters indicated that vibration load decreased the complexity of soil pores, thereby speeding up the hydraulic conduction process. This, in turn, affected the hydraulic properties of the soil and established a relationship between pore structure complexity and soil hydraulic properties.
Intravenous administration of IL-12 encoding self-replicating RNA-lipid nanoparticle complex leads to safe and effective antitumor responses
Authors: Wang Zihao , Chen Yanni , Wu Hongyue , Wang Min , Mao Li , Guo Xingdong , Zhu Jianbo , Ye Zilan , Luo Xiaoyan , Yang Xiurong , Liu Xueke , Yang Junhao , Sheng Zhaolang , Lee Jaewoo , Guo Zhijun , Liu Yuanqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterleukin 12 (IL-12) is a potent immunostimulatory cytokine mainly produced by antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages) and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against cancers. Therapies that can synergistically modulate innate immunity and stimulate adaptive anti-tumor responses are of great interest for cancer immunotherapy. Here we investigated the lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated self-replicating RNA (srRNA) encoding IL-12 (referred to as JCXH-211) for the treatment of cancers. Both local (intratumoral) and systemic (intravenous) administration of JCXH-211 in tumor-bearing mice induced a high-level expression of IL-12 in tumor tissues, leading to modulation of tumor microenvironment and systemic activation of antitumor immunity. Particularly, JCXH-211 can inhibit the tumor-infiltration of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs). When combined with anti-PD1 antibody, it was able to enhance the recruitment of T cells and NK cells into tumors. In multiple mouse solid tumor models, intravenous injection of JCXH-211 not only eradicated large preestablished tumors, but also induced protective immune memory that prevented the growth of rechallenged tumors. Finally, intravenous injection of JCXH-211 did not cause noticeable systemic toxicity in tumor-bearing mice and non-human primates. Thus, our study demonstrated the feasibility of intravenous administration of JCXH-211 for the treatment of advanced cancers.
A Cost–Benefit Analysis of Reinterview Designs for Estimating and Adjusting Mode Measurement Effects: A Case Study for the Dutch Health Survey and Labour Force Survey
Authors: Schouten Barry , Klausch Thomas , Buelens Bart , Van Den Brakel Jan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Reinterview designs are a potential tool to estimate and adjust for mode measurement effects, that is, relative differences in mode-specific measurement error bias. In 2011, a reinterview design was successfully applied to the Dutch Crime Victimization Survey, which led to a redesign of the survey. Reinterview designs may, however, be very costly, especially when face to face is included as a survey mode. The crucial question is whether benefits outweigh costs, that is, whether the potential increase in the accuracy of survey statistics is worth the investment. The answer to this question depends heavily on the purpose of the reinterview, that is, assessment versus adjustment, the size of the measurement effects, and the relative cost of the modes. Reinterview designs also make a number of assumptions that will not hold for every setting. In this article, we perform a cost–benefit analysis for two surveys, the Dutch Health Survey and the Dutch Labour Force Survey, and discuss the utility and validity of reinterviews. We conclude that a reinterview may not be useful due to relatively small measurement differences for the Labour Force Survey, whereas it may be useful for the Health Survey.
Trajectories of job resources and the timing of retirement
Authors: El Khawli Elissa , Visser Mark , Firat Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Job resources benefit and motivate workers and, therefore, facilitate longer working lives. Yet, little is known about how job resources develop over time and how, in turn, trajectories of job resources are associated with retirement timing. Accordingly, this study examines job resource trajectories of older workers and to what extent these trajectories are related to when people retire. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), growth mixture models are conducted to examine the trajectory of three job resources, namely autonomy, skill development opportunities and recognition, from age 50 until workers retired or dropped out of the survey. Four trajectories of job resources are found: stable high resources, stable low skill development opportunities, stable low recognition and stable low resources. The results of the subsequent event history analysis of retirement timing show that older workers with trajectories of job resources characterized by stable low recognition and stable low resources are at higher risk of earlier retirement compared to those with other trajectories. The findings shed light on the importance of job resource trajectories for promoting longer working lives.