bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related morphological differentiation among populations of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Orchidaceae) in eastern Sweden
Authors: Andersson Eva 
Published: March 2008

Andersson, E. 1995. Age‐related morphological differentiation among populations of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri (Orchidaceae) in eastern Sweden. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 127–137. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Evolution takes time. It is generally believed that for a given species older populations have diversified more than younger ones. To test this hypothesis, two regions in southern Sweden of different age, determined based on land uplift data, were chosen for studying morphological differentiation within the orchid species Dactylorhiza traunsteineri. Individuals from 10 populations in an older region, Gotland, and 11 populations in a younger region, Uppland, were scored for 54 morphological characters. Patterns of morphological variation and the structure of diversity were analyzed using multivariate and simple statistics; the degrees of correspondence among matrices of morphological and environmental factors were calculated. Morphological variation among populations was greater in the older region. This pattern was consistent in all analyses, although more pronounced in the analyses of floral morphology than in analyses of vegetative morphology. Orchid populations on Gotland appear to be relatively old, small and isolated, but genetic drift does not seem to have been important for the differentiation among populations. Other factors, such as habitat heterogeneity, pollinator‐mediated selection and accumulation of neutral mutations, were more important. Although populations from Uppland are young, the founder effect does not seem to have been responsible for the low level of diversity among populations. Differentiation appeared to have been limited by low habitat diversity, and a lack of time for genetic drift and for the accumulation of mutations. This study shows that patterns of differentiation within this species are indeed time‐dependent.
Frond development and phenology of Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, and Matteuccia struthiopteris in Western Norway
Authors: Odland Arvid 
Published: March 2008

Odland, A. 1995. Frond development and phenology ofThelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, andMatteuccia struthiopterisin Western Norway. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 225–236. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The pattern of growth and phenology ofThelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, andMatteuccia struthiopterisfronds has been investigated, with particular emphasis on height increments of the sporophytes and the development of fertile fronds. In order to study both interspecific and intraspecific differences, fern stands along altitudinal gradients have been monitored. To investigate the initiation of fertility, fronds representing different developmental stages have been sampled. Climatic data have been collected with a data‐logger during the study periods.The ferns show significant differences in growth pattern and phenology.Matteuccia struthiopterishas a growth curve that is best described as monomolecular, characterised by high growth rates during the early developmental stage, while the development ofThelypteris limbospermaandAthyrium distentifoliumfollow a logistic growth curve. The species need different periods of time to develop their fronds. The main frond elongation does not start before soil temperature has reached 7 C. After that, the growth is mainly controlled by air temperature. Within the interval when mean maximum temperatures are 8–20 C, all three ferns showed increased growth rates with increasing air temperatures, but the increase was greatest inM. struthiopteris. At higher temperatures, the growth rate ofM. struthiopterisandT. limbospermadecreased.Athyrium distentifoliumis characterised by producing sori at an early developmental stage. FertileMatteuccia strurhiopterisfronds are developed at a much later developmental stage.Thelypteris limbospermaneeds a longer period of time to produce mature fronds than the other species. The investigation indicates that plant growth and development are determined by both internal and external factors. It is concluded that growth rate, phenology, and the ability of ferns to produce mature fronds reveal close similarities with their response to environmental variables, and hence with their broad‐scale geographical distributional patterns.
Mating systems of three meadow plant species
Authors: Norderhaug A. 
Published: March 2008

Norderhaug, A. 1995. Mating systems of three meadow plant species — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 243–250. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The area of species‐rich hay meadows in Norway has been drastically reduced during the 20th century. This continuing process results in fragmentation and isolation of remaining habitats. Small and isolated populations may have reduced gene flow. This is a crucial factor for the structure and cohesiveness of populations. Gene flow in plant species is regulated by pollen and seed dispersal, and pollen dispersal is controlled by the species' mating system. As part of a research project on habitat fragmentation three meadow species (Dactylorhiza sambucina, Hypochoeris maculata, Polygala vulgaris) with different life strategies were therefore selected for studies of their mating systems. A hand pollination experiment showed that bothDactylorhiza sambucinaandPolygala vulgariswere self‐compatible. Seed set inH. maculatawas low and the species may be considered as pseudo‐self‐compatible or self‐incompatible. Using Bawa's (1974) criteria, however, alsoHypochoeris maculatashould be considered as self‐compatible. All three species enhanced outbreeding butP vulgurisalso proved to be a good selfer and autogamous.
Echidnopsis globosa sp. nov. (Asclepiadaceae‐Stapelieae) from Yemen
Authors: Thulin Mats , Hjertson Mats 
Published: March 2008

Thulin, M. & Hjertson, M. 1995. Echidnopsis globosa sp. nov. (Asclepiadaceae‐Stapelieae) from Yemen. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 261–262. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The new species Echidnopsis globosa from rocky hillsides on limestone in the Hadramaut Region in Yemen is described and illustrated. It belongs to a group of species including E. squamulata from Yemen and E. ericiflora from Kenya, but is unique in the genus by its almost perfectly globose flowers.
A taxonomic study of the Centella rupestris group
Authors: Schubert Mahalia T. R. , van Wyk Ben‐Erik 
Published: March 2008

Schubert, M. T. R. & Van Wyk, B.‐E. 1995. A taxonomic study of the Centella rupestris group. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 263–268. Copenhagen. ISBN 0107‐055X. Centella rupestris, C. restioides and a new species, C. thesioides, are grouped together on the basis of a woody habit, acicular or linear leaves and large bracts which cover, or partially cover the flower and fruit. The taxonomy, geographical distribution and species delimitation of this complex have been clarified through herbarium studies and in situ studies of the habit, leaves, inflorescences, bracts and fruit.
A reevaluation of the tribes Hippotideae and Tammsieae (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Rova Johan H. E. , Andersson Lennart 
Published: March 2008

Rova, J. H. E. & Andersson, L. 1995. A reevaluation of the tribes Hippotideae and Tammsieae (Ruhiaceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 269–284. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The genera Hippotis, Pentagonia, Sommera, and Tammsia, the hippotides, have recently been removed from their traditional position in the tribe Isertieae and proposed to form two separate tribes, Hippotideae (the three former genera) and Tammsieae (the latter one). In the most recent overview of the classification of the Ruhiaceae, the position of these tribes was considered uncertain. The morphology and micromorpho‐logy of representatives of all genera were reexamined and data were analysed cladisti‐cally. It is concluded that the original distinction between the Hippotideae and Tammsieae was based on faulty observations, the hippotides being uniform in ovary morphology. The cladistic analysis suggests that the hippotides form a monophyletic group, within which Tammsia is nested. It is therefore proposed that Tammsieae should he reduced to a synonym of Hippotideae. There are no indications that the hippotides should he reunited with the Isertieae. The genus Wiasemsba Klotzsch is shown to he synonymous with Tammsia, and it is argued that the genus Striolaria Ducke is synonymous with Pentagonia.
Nomenclatural remarks on the Salix viminalis group in Norden
Authors: Larsson Gunvor 
Published: March 2008

Larsson, G. 1995. Nomenclatural remarks on the Salix viminalis group in Norden. —Nord. J. Bot. 15: 343–346. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–05513.The taxa in the Salix viminalis group which have been found in Norden are lectotyp‐ified: S. viminalis, S. dasyclados, S. x smithiana, S. x stipularis and S. x calodendron. Flora Nordica notes no. 12.
Crossability variation in four South American Hordeum species
Authors: Andersson Zandra 
Published: March 2008

Andersson, 2. 1995. Crossability variation in four South American Hordeum species— Nord. J. Bot. IS: 355–364. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Intra‐ and interpopulation crosses within the four South American Hordeum species, H. cordobense, H. chilense, H. muticum and H. stenostachys were performed. Seeds were obtained in all intrapopulation crosses within all four species. Hordeum cordobense showed little variation in crossability of interpopulation crosses and the F1‐families had rather high fertility. A wide range in crossability between populations was observed in the three species H. chilense, H. muticum and H. stenostachys. Some combinations failed to set seed while others had high seed set. The fertility of the F1‐‐ families varied from almost sterile to fully fertile. All parental plants, intra and interpopulation hybrids in the four species had very high meiotic pairing frequency with 12–14 chiasmata per cell. Hordeum cordobense is a homogeneous species while the other three species are heterogeneous and genetically diverse.
Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) series Radula on the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Monasterio‐Huelin Elena 
Published: March 2008

Monasterio‐Huelin. E. 1995. Taxonomv and distribution of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) series Radulu on the Iberian Peninsula. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 365–373. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The majority of european batologists currently interpret the ser. Radula in a sense different from that given by its original author. According to the modem concept, this series is separated into two, distinguished by the leaflets felted beneath (ser. Radula) versus not felted (ser. Pallidi). Following this criterion, we include 7 species in ser. Radula, one of which (R. pauanus) is described as new, and provide a photograph of the holotype, an analysis of pollen, and a distribution map. Also provided are keys to the series of the subgenus Rubus and to the species of the ser. Radula, and a comparative study from a morphological and biogeographical perspective of all species which comprise this series on the Iberian Peninsula.
Indigofera rubromarginata sp. nov. (Leguminosae) from southern Arabia, with a note on I. eremophila
Authors: Thulin Mats 
Published: March 2008

Thulin, M. 1995. Indigofera rubromarginata sp. nov. (Leguminosae) from southern Arabia, with a note on I. eremophila. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 519–521. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The new species Indigofera rubromarginata, widespread along the coast of southern Arabia in Yemen and Oman, is described and illustrated. The closely related I. eremophila, previously known only from eastern Ethiopia and Somalia, is reported also from Yemen.
Remarks on Aspicilia parasitica (Lecanoraceae, Lichenes)
Authors: Loppi Stefano , Mariotti Mauro Giorgio 
Published: March 2008

Loppi, S. & Mariotti, M. G. 1995. — Remarks on Aspicilia parasitica (Lecanoraceae, Lichenes). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 557–559. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Morphology and distribution of Aspicilia parasitica B. de Lesd., a much neglected species, are discussed. Since the holotype has been lost, a lectotype was selected. Examination of the latter and other specimens showed that the diagnostic characters are quite constant. All of known stations of A. parasitica are in the central‐eastem Mediterranean area and include Italy, Algeria, Greece and Bulgaria.
Notes on the esterase variation in Swedish Dactylorhiza incarnata s. l. (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Hedrén Mikael 
Published: March 2008

Swedish material of Dactylorhiza incarnara s. l. shows little variation at commonly investigated allozyme loci. However, interpretable variation was found at one esterase locus. All plants investigated of D. incarnata var. cruenta from southern Sweden (with spotted leaves) were homozygous for allele a at this locus, whereas all plants investigated of D. incarnata var. ochroleuca were fixed for allele b. In D. incarnata var. incarnata, both alleles were found, although the b allele dominated. In northern Swedish material of D. incarnata s. l., only allele b was found, regardless whether the material had spotted leaves (sometimes referred to as var. cruenta), or had unspotted leaves.These results indicate that there is restricted gene flow between var. cruenta and the other varieties in southern Sweden, although they often grow in mixed populations. The northern Swedish material with spotted leaves appears not to be related to the southern var. cruenta.
Vegetation on hill slopes in southern Wello, Ethiopia: Degradation and regeneration
Authors: Tekle Kebrom , Backéus I. , Skoglund J. , Woldu Zerihun 
Published: March 2008

A study was made of the vegetation in southern Wello (Ethiopia) in relation to human impact and the environment. 65 sample plots were laid out and analysed with respect to the cover value of vascular plant species. Altitude, slope, aspect and estimates of grazing pressure for each plot were also recorded along with physical and chemical soil properties analysed for samples taken from each plot. The following environmental factors, isolated by forward selection, show correlation with the axes of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA): altitude, grazing, pH, K, Ca, Mg, slope and aspect.Through hierarchical and non‐hierarchical clustering methods the vegetation was divided into eight types, from which one was secondary forest characterised by patch dominance of Juniperus procera and Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata. These forest patches are found at high altitude sites and because of their inaccessibility are usually characterised by low livestock density and consequently low grazing pressure. The presence of large boulders and stones in Podocarpus falcatus forest decreases accessibility and creates natural protection for the trees. The other vegetation types, most of which are found at lower altitude and associated with varying intensities of grazing, include grasslands (grazed and protected), regenerating sites dominated by Eu‐clea racemosa and Dodonaea angustifolia, dense and open shrublands and Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata woodlands. Human interference has a major impact on the vegetation of the study area and its recovery will depend on the degree of participation of the local people.
Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Isolates Carrying Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome
mec
Have Emerged in Urogenital Tract Infections
Authors: Higashide Masato , Kuroda Makoto , Omura Carlos Takashi Neves , Kumano Miyuki , Ohkawa Saburo , Ichimura Sadahiro , Ohta Toshiko 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
is a uropathogenic bacterium that causes acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections, particularly in female outpatients. We investigated the dissemination and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 101
S. saprophyticus
isolates from the genitourinary tracts of patients in Japan. Eight of these isolates were
mecA
positive and showed β-lactam resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that only some isolates were isogenic, indicating that the
mecA
gene was apparently acquired independently by
mecA
-positive isolates through staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
). Type determination of SCC
mec
by multiplex PCR showed a nontypeable element in the eight
mecA
-positive isolates. Sequence analysis of the entire SCC
mec
element from a prototype
S. saprophyticus
strain revealed that it was nontypeable with the current SCC
mec
classification due to the novel composition of the class A
mec
gene complex (IS
431
-
mecA
-
mecR1
-
mecI
genes) and the
ccrA1/ccrB3
gene complex. Intriguingly, the attachment sites of SCC
mec
are similar to those of type I SCC
mec
in
S. aureus
NCTC 10442. Furthermore, the genes around the
mec
gene complex are similar to those of type II/III SCC
mec
in
S. aureus
, while those around the
ccr
gene complex are similar to those of SCC
15305RM
found in
S. saprophyticus
ATCC 15305. In comparison with known SCC
mec
elements, this
S. saprophyticus
SCC
mec
is a novel type.
New Anti-Infective Coatings of Medical Implants
Authors: Matl F. D. , Obermeier A. , Repmann S. , Friess W. , Stemberger A. , Kuehn K.-D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT

Implantable devices are highly susceptible to infection and are therefore a major risk in surgery. The present work presents a novel strategy to prevent the formation of a biofilm on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. PTFE grafts were coated with gentamicin and teicoplanin incorporated into different lipid-like carriers under aseptic conditions in a dipping process. Poly-
d
,
l
-lactic acid, tocopherol acetate, the diglyceride Softisan 649, and the triglyceride Dynasan 118 were used as drug carriers. The drug release kinetics, anti-infective characteristics, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility of the coatings developed were studied. All coatings showed an initial drug burst, followed by a low continuous drug release over 96 h. The dimension of release kinetics depended on the carrier used. All coated prostheses reduced bacterial growth drastically over 24 h, even below pathologically relevant concentrations. Different cytotoxic levels could be observed, revealing tocopherol acetate as the most promising biocompatible carrier. A possible reason for the highly cytotoxic effect of Softisan 649 could be assessed by demonstrating incorporated lipids in the cell soma with Oil Red O staining. Tromboelastography studies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and an amidolytic substrate assay could confirm the hemocompatibility of individual coatings. The development of the biodegradable drug delivery systems described here and in vitro studies of those systems highlight the most important requirements for effective as well as compatible anti-infective coatings of PTFE grafts. Through continuous local release, high drug levels can be produced at only the targeted area and physiological bacterial proliferation can be completely inhibited, while biocompatibility as well as hemocompatibility can be ensured.
The Efflux Pump Inhibitor Reserpine Selects Multidrug-Resistant
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Strains That Overexpress the ABC Transporters PatA and PatB
Authors: Garvey Mark I. , Piddock Laura J. V. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT

One way to combat multidrug-resistant microorganisms is the use of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Spontaneous mutants resistant to the EPI reserpine selected from
Streptococcus pneumoniae
NCTC 7465 and R6 at a frequency suggestive of a single mutational event were also multidrug resistant. No mutations in
pmrA
(which encodes the efflux protein PmrA) were detected, and the expression of
pmrA
was unaltered in all mutants. In the reserpine-resistant multidrug-resistant mutants, the overexpression of both
patA
and
patB
, which encode ABC transporters, was associated with accumulation of low concentrations of antibiotics and dyes. The addition of sodium orthovanadate, an inhibitor of ABC efflux pumps, or the insertional inactivation of either gene restored wild-type antibiotic susceptibility and wild-type levels of accumulation. Only when
patA
was insertionally inactivated were both multidrug resistance and reserpine resistance lost. Strains in which
patA
was insertionally inactivated grew significantly more slowly than the wild type. These data indicate that the overexpression of both
patA
and
patB
confers multidrug resistance in
S. pneumoniae
but that only
patA
is involved in reserpine resistance. The selection of reserpine-resistant multidrug-resistant pneumococci has implications for analogous systems in other bacteria or in cancer.
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of the Immunological Response to a 40-KilodaltonPlasmodium vivaxTryptophan-Rich Antigen
Authors: Siddiqui Asim A. , Bora Hema , Singh Neeru , Dash Aditya P. , Sharma Yagya D. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTWe describe here an ∼40-kDaPlasmodium vivaxtryptophan-rich antigen (PvTRAg40) which contains 321 amino acids and 11.4% tryptophan residues. This protein shows 65% homology (35% identity) with the previously described PvTRAg, besides sharing 23 of 27 positionally conserved tryptophan residues and similar genomic organization. The nucleotide sequence of the entire tryptophan-rich domain of PvTRAg40 was identical among 35P. vivaxclinical isolates. The protein is expressed by ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages of the parasite. The cDNA covering exon 2 of PvTRAg40 was cloned and expressed in the pPROEXHTa vector, and recombinant protein was purified. A high humoral immune response (90.7% seropositivity;n= 43) against this recombinant protein was detected in humans during the course of naturalP. vivaxinfection. Eighty percent of the total of 20P. vivax-exposed individuals exhibited lymphoproliferative responses against this antigen. The T cells of these individuals produced larger amounts of interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-4, and IL-10 than gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha cytokines in response to the recombinant protein. Production of Th2-biased cytokines, conserved T- and B-cell epitopes, and an enhanced humoral immune response indicate that PvTRAg40 could possibly induce antibody-mediated immune protection against infection.