bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Ring Opening of 2,3‐Substituted Norbornenes with Organometallic Reagents: A New Formal Aza Functionalization of Cyclopentadiene.
Authors: Pineschi Mauro , Del Moro Federica , Crotti Paolo , Macchia Franco 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbometalation Reaction of Fluorine‐Containing Internal Acetylenes with Organocopper Reagents.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Daitoh Takeshi , Noiri Atsushi , Chae Jungha , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unexpected, Drastic Effect of Triflic Acid on Oxidative Diacetoxylation of Iodoarenes by Sodium Perborate. A Facile and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of (Diacetoxyiodo)arenes.
Authors: Hossain Md. Delwar , Kitamura Tsugio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition Reactions to Chiral Aziridine‐2‐carboxaldimine Toward Various Enantiopure Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Noh Heui‐Yoon , Kim Sang‐Woo , Paek Seong In , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Yun Hoseop , Lee Won Koo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted Furans by a Three‐Component Annulation Reaction.
Authors: Duan Xin‐hua , Liu Xue‐yuan , Guo Li‐na , Liao Meng‐chun , Liu Wei‐Min , Liang Yong‐min 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Alkylideneoxindoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions.
Authors: Yanada Reiko , Obika Shingo , Inokuma Tsubasa , Yanada Kazuo , Yamashita Masayuki , Ohta Shunsaku , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regio‐ and Stereospecific Synthesis of Novel 3‐Enynyl‐Substituted Thioflavones/Flavones Using a Copper‐Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction.
Authors: Pal Manojit , Dakarapu Rambabu , Parasuraman Karuppasamy , Subramanian Venkataraman , Yeleswarapu Koteswar Rao 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 2‐Alkenylpyridines with Aryl Bromides: Alternative (E,Z)‐Selectivity to Mizoroki—Heck Reaction.
Authors: Oi Shuichi , Sakai Kaori , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiinflammatory and Analgesic Activity of 2H‐3,3‐Dimethyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Vikharev Yu. B. , Shklyaev Yu. V. , Anikina L. V. , Kolla V. E. , Tolstikov A. G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT2A Receptor Activity of New β‐Tetralonohydantoins.
Authors: Byrtus Hanna , Pawlowski Maciej , Czopek Anna , Bojarski Andrzej J. , Duszynska Beata , Nowak Gabriel , Klodzinska Aleksandra , Tatarczynska Ewa , Wesolowska Anna , Chojnacka‐Wojcik Ewa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Formation of Aryl(diphenyl)phosphine Oxides by Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols with Diphenylphosphine Oxide.
Authors: Onodera Gen , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Milton Marilyn Daisy , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki , Uemura Sakae 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Reduction of β‐Butyltellanyl α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds to Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Dos Santos Alcindo A. , Castelani Priscila , Bassora Bruno K. , Fogo Jose C. Jr. , Costa Carlos E. , Comasseto Joao V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Cordiaquinone J and K via B‐Alkyl Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling as a Key Step and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Natural Products.
Authors: Yajima Arata , Saitou Fumihiro , Sekimoto Mayu , Maetoko Shoichiro , Nukada Tomoo , Yabuta Goro 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Biological and Modeling Studies of 1,3‐Di‐n‐propyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐6‐methyl‐8‐(substituted) 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro[1,2,4]‐triazolo[3,4‐f]‐purines as Adenosine Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Pastorin G. , Bolcato C. , Cacciari B. , Kachler S. , Klotz K.‐N. , Montopoli C. , Moro S. , Spalluto G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Stability, Molecular Structures and Some Reactions of Spiro[1H‐azulenium‐1,1′‐cycloalkane] Ions
Authors: Oda Mitsunori , Fukuta Aya , Uchiyama Takuya , Kajioka Takanori , Kuroda Shigeyasu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Behavior and Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Liquids, Ionic Liquid Mixtures, and Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: Rebelo L. P. N. , Najdanovic‐Visak V. , Gomes de Azevedo R. , Esperanca J. M. S. S. , Nunes da Ponte M. , Guedes H. J. R. , Visak Z. P. , de Sousa H. C. , Szydlowski J. , Canongia Lopes J. N. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols on Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: Hatano Tsutomu , Kusuda Miwako , Inada Kazutoshi , Ogawa Tomo‐omi , Shiota Sumiko , Tsuchiya Tomofusa , Yoshida Takashi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Enol Acetates and Enol Carbamates with Monodentate Phosphoramidites.
Authors: Panella Lavinia , Feringa Ben L. , de Vries Johannes G. , Minnaard Adriaan J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
VCl3‐Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of β‐Enamine Esters and Ketones from β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Rajitha Bavanthula , Reddy Penthala Narsimha , Kumar Buridapad Sunil , Srinivasulu Neeladri , Reddy Yerram Reddy Thirupathi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
CeCl3×7H2O‐KI‐Catalyzed Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of N,N′‐Disubstituted Ureas in Water under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Li Zheng , Wang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhu Wei , Xing Yu‐Lin , Zhao Yan‐Long 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radical Cyclization in Heterocycle Synthesis. Part 15. Relationship Between a Radical Species and Radical Acceptors of Three Different Types of Double Bond in Radical Addition—Cyclization.
Authors: Miyata Okiko , Kajisa Seiko , Ueda Masafumi , Yamauchi Masashige , Naito Takeaki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrrolocoumarins. Part 1. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Investigation of 7‐Oxo‐ and 1,2,7‐Trioxo‐1,2‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐e]indole and Their Derivatives.
Authors: Khoshtariya T. E. , Kurkovskaya L. N. , Bochoidze L. T. , Batsikadze K. T. , Mirziashvilli N. T. , Abesadze I. G. , Sikharulidze M. I. , Turabelidze V. G. , Ananiashvili V. O. , Dzhashi T. O. , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis of 2‐(1,2,3‐Triazol‐2‐yl)‐1,8‐naphthyridines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mogilaiah Kaleru , Prashanthi Mullangi , Kavitha Siddoju , Reddy Nagavelli Vasudeva 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterocycles with a Bridgehead Nitrogen Atom. Part 16. Assembly of a peri‐Fused System from an Angular Tricycle by Recyclization of an Oxazole Ring into Pyrrole One.
Authors: Babaev E. V. , Tsisevich A. A. , Al'bov D. V. , Rybakov V. B. , Aslanov L. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrazino[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Tiwari Rakesh K. , Singh Jaspal , Singh Devender , Verma Akhilesh K. , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Palladium‐Catalyzed Amination to the Synthesis of Polyazamacrocycles Containing 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyridine.
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Averin Alexei D. , Ulanovskaya Olesya A. , Fedotenko Ilya A. , Borisenko Anatolii A. , Serebryakova Marina V. , Denat Franck , Guilard Roger 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pilot study of lonafarnib, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the chronic or accelerated phase that is resistant or refractory to imatinib therapy
Authors: Borthakur Gautam , Kantarjian Hagop , Daley George , Talpaz Moshe , O'Brien Susan , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Giles Francis , Faderl Stefan , Sugrue Mary , Cortes Jorge 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDLonafarnib (SCH66336) is a nonpeptidomimetic farnesyl transferase inhibitor that has demonstrated significant preclinical activity against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells and in CML animal models.METHODSIn the current study, the efficacy of lonafarnib was investigated in patients with CML in the chronic or accelerated phase that was resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Thirteen patients with CML in the chronic (n = 6 patients) or accelerated (n = 7 patients) phase were treated with lonafarnib at a dose of 200 mg orally twice daily. Ten patients had failed therapy with imatinib and 3 patients were intolerant to imatinib. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range, 38–80 yrs) and the median time from the diagnosis of CML to therapy with lonafarnib was 5 years (range, 0.3–13 yrs). In addition to imatinib mesylate, all patients had received prior therapy with interferon‐α and seven patients had received other treatments. The median duration of therapy with lonafarnib was 8 weeks (range, 2–41 wks).RESULTSTwo patients responded. One patient in the accelerated phase of CML returned to the chronic phase, a response that lasted for 3 months. Another patient with chronic phase disease had lowering of the leukocyte count without the need for hydroxyurea and normalization of the differential count that lasted for 5 months. The most common adverse event was diarrhea, which was noted in 11 patients (84%) (Grade ≥ 3 in 4 patients; 31%; toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]). Therapy was discontinued in one patient because of diarrhea not responding to dose adjustments.CONCLUSIONSSingle‐agent lonafarnib appears to have clinical activity in a small proportion of patients with CML refractory to imatinib. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
On using BPEL extensibility to implement OGSI and WSRF Grid workflows
Authors: Slomiski Aleksander 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses the benefits and challenges of using BPEL4WS in Grid environments. In particular, we look at how BPEL4WS built‐in extensibility can be used to facilitate execution of BPEL‐based workflows in OGSI‐ and WSRF‐based Grids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a search architecture for software components
Authors: Silvestri Fabrizio , Puppin Diego , Laforenza Domenico , Orlando Salvatore 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Grid and its related technologies enable large‐scale sharing of resources of various types. We envision that in the near future applications will be completely built in a bottom‐up fashion using software components deployed on various locations and interconnected to form a workflow graph. In this paper, we make some proposals on the design of a component search service, enabling users to locate the components they need to deploy an application. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression profiles in Ciona intestinalis stigmatal cells: Insight into formation of the ascidian branchial fissures
Authors: Shimazaki Aki , Sakai Akiko , Ogasawara Michio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGill slits, a series of openings in the pharyngeal epithelium, are characteristic features of the hemichordate and chordate body plans. In ascidians, these openings, called stigmata, are formed in the branchial sac during juvenile development. Multiple whole‐mount in situ hybridization analyses based on approximately 1,500 genes expressed in Ciona intestinalis juveniles, identified 28 genes expressed predominantly in the stigmatal cells. Expression patterns of these stigmatal genes were classified into four different categories. On the basis of these findings, we have been able to show that the peripheral region of a stigma consists of at least three different regions. The expression of a Dlk1‐like gene was detected in nonciliated cells during the stigma perforation and division and was maintained in the basal region of the elliptical stigma. Expression of meichroacidin, tektin A1, and tektin B1 orthologs during the differentiation of the ciliated stigmatal cells suggests that some of the molecular mechanisms involved in sperm differentiation might be recruited for the stigma development, or vice versa. Components of the cilia such as alpha‐tubulin and rootletin were also expressed in the stigmatal cells. These genes might facilitate further analyses regarding the evolution of the branchial fissures and the development of the ascidian stigmata. Developmental Dynamics 235:562–569, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Cell for the Detection of Species Generated by Platinum and Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Shih Wan‐Ying , Yang Jyisy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we describe a simple and effective infrared (IR) spectroelectrochemical cell for detecting species generated from an electrochemical system featuring low‐IR‐reflectivity electrodes. The IR detection mode of attenuated total reflection (ATR) was employed to construct the spectroelectrochemical cell. Two kinds of electrodes, platinum (Pt) and screen‐printed carbon (SPC), were used to examine the performance of this new cell in detection of electroactive species generated by cyclic voltammetry. Because data generated from highly reflective electrodes are available in the literature, Pt electrode was used to characterize the performances of the developed spectroelectrochemical cell. Results indicated that species generated electrochemically can be observed readily and their responses were comparable to those described in the literature. The cell volume could be lower than 300 μL, which suggests that this approach may be very useful to obtain chemical information during electrochemistry for biological fluids with limited sample volumes. By examining the electrochemical behavior of several amino acids using both Pt and SPC electrodes, the redox behaviors can be readily observed indicating a new spectroelectrochemical cell was successfully developed for the purpose of using of SPC electrode.
17β‐estradiol (βE2) protects human retinal Müller cell against oxidative stress in vitro: Evaluation of its effects on gene expression by cDNA microarray
Authors: Li Chao , Tang Yuhong , Li Feng , Turner Sean , Li Kong , Zhou Xiaohong , Centola Michael , Yan Xiaorong , Cao Wei 
Published: December 2005

Abstract17β‐estradiol (βE2) is an effective neuroprotectant against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced retinal neuronal cell death and light‐induced photoreceptor degeneration. Müller cells are the principal macroglia responsible for supporting retinal neuronal survival, information processing and removing metabolic waste. However, the role of βE2 on human Müller cells is unclear. In this study, the effects of βE2 on human Müller cell survival and gene expression were examined. Our data revealed that βE2 is able to increase human Müller cell viability after exposure to H2O2 through inhibition of apoptosis. Microarray analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of 69 genes (total of 21,324 genes screened) in cultured human Müller cells 6 h after βE2 treatment. Four of the βE2‐responsive genes [thrombospondin 1 (TSP1), mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MAP3K3), large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel β2 subunit (KCNMB2), and SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box 11 (SOX11)] were validated by both real‐time qRT‐PCR and semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. Interestingly, exposure of human Müller cells to βE2 increased pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) gene expression as measured by both RT‐PCR and real time qRT‐PCR. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that βE2 protects cultured human Müller cells against H2O2‐induced cell death through the inhibition of apoptosis. This protective effect may operate through regulation of genes, such as TSP1, MAP3K3, SOX11, TSP1, and PEDF, and may in turn exert an important role in protecting retinal neurons. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk of second cancer among women with breast cancer
Authors: Mellemkjær Lene , Friis Søren , Olsen Jørgen H. , Scélo Ghislaine , Hemminki Kari , Tracey Elizabeth , Andersen Aage , Brewster David H. , Pukkala Eero , McBride Mary L. , Kliewer Erich V. , Tonita Jon M. , Kee‐Seng Chia , Pompe‐Kirn Vera , Martos Carmen , Jonasson Jon G. , Boffetta Paolo , Brennan Paul 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA large number of women survive a diagnosis of breast cancer. Knowledge of their risk of developing a new primary cancer is important not only in relation to potential side effects of their cancer treatment, but also in relation to the possibility of shared etiology with other types of cancer. A cohort of 525,527 women with primary breast cancer was identified from 13 population‐based cancer registries in Europe, Canada, Australia and Singapore, and followed for second primary cancers within the period 1943–2000. We used cancer incidence rates of first primary cancer for the calculation of standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of second primary cancer. Risk of second primary breast cancer after various types of nonbreast cancer was also computed. For all second cancer sites combined, except contralateral breast cancer, we found a SIR of 1.25 (95% CI = 1.24–1.26) on the basis of 31,399 observed cases after first primary breast cancer. The overall risk increased with increasing time since breast cancer diagnosis and decreased by increasing age at breast cancer diagnosis. There were significant excesses of many different cancer sites; among these the excess was larger than 150 cases for stomach (SIR = 1.35), colorectal (SIR = 1.22), lung (SIR = 1.24), soft tissue sarcoma (SIR = 2.25), melanoma (SIR = 1.29), non‐melanoma skin (SIR = 1.58), endometrium (SIR = 1.52), ovary (SIR = 1.48), kidney (SIR = 1.27), thyroid gland (SIR = 1.62) and leukaemia (SIR = 1.52). The excess of cancer after a breast cancer diagnosis is likely to be explained by treatment for breast cancer and by shared genetic or environmental risk factors, although the general excess of cancer suggests that there may be additional explanations such as increased surveillance and general cancer susceptibility. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryonic inner ear cells use migratory mechanisms to establish cell patterns in vitro
Authors: Bianchi Lynne M. , Huri Daniel , White Ian O. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe hair cells of the sensory epithelium in the inner ear are among the most precisely organized cells in vertebrates. The mechanisms that lead to this orderly arrangement are only beginning to be understood. It has been suggested that hair cells use migratory mechanisms to help achieve their final position in the organ of Corti. The small size and complex organization of the intact inner ear have made it difficult to monitor changes in hair cell location over time in vivo. In the present study, an established in vitro assay of dissociated, embryonic inner ear cells was used to monitor how hair cells reorganize over time. The hair cell specific marker myosin‐VI demonstrated that hair cell precursors from both cochlear and vestibular regions reorganized into specific patterns between 3–24 hr in vitro. In contrast to the unlabeled cells, the myosin‐VI‐positive cells extended processes while establishing the hair cell patterning within an aggregate. These studies support the hypothesis that hair cell precursors actively migrate to help achieve final patterning within the inner ear sensory epithelium. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and 9 and human papilloma virus infection are associated with malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma
Authors: Katori Hideaki , Nozawa Akinori , Tsukuda Mamoru 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn this study, we identified matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and 9 expression in exophytic papilloma (EP), inverted papilloma (IP) with dysplasia, IP with carcinoma, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We also compared the presence of MMP‐2 and 9 with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection.MethodsThe nasal tissue were stained with monoclonal antibodies to MMP‐2 and 9. The results were analyzed using quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. In situ hybridization studies for HPV DNA for 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33 were also performed on the tissue.ResultsSignificant increase of MMP‐2 and 9 were observed in IP with moderate and severe dysplasia, IP with carcinoma, and invasive SCC compared to control nasal mucosa. Among IP, HPV 6/11‐positive was present in 41% and HPV 16/18‐positive was present in 31%. In HPV 6/11 and 16/18‐positive IP, significant increase of MMP‐2 and 9 were observed.ConclusionsPrecancerous lesions of IP exhibited elevated levels of MMP‐2 and 9 and these expression may be associated with early events in IP carcinogenesis. HPV infection would be an early event in a multistep process of malignant formation of IP. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:80–85. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upregulation of thymidine phosphorylase in rectal cancer tissues by mitomycin C
Authors: Ogata Yutaka , Matono Keiko , Sasatomi Teruo , Ishibashi Nobuya , Torigoe Shojiro , Fukumitsu Takamasa , Mizobe Tomoaki , Yamashita Natsumi , Yanagawa Takashi , Shirouzu Kazuo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe have investigated the regulation by mitomycin C (MMC) of thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), which enhances or reduces the efficacy of capecitabine and its metabolite 5′‐deoxy‐5‐fluorouridine (5′‐DFUR), in rectal cancer tissues.Materials and MethodsIn 31 patients with a rectal cancer, tumor biopsies were performed before and after pre‐operative venous administration of 4 mg/m2, 6 mg/m2, or 10 mg/m2 of MMC. The dThdPase and DPD levels in the biopsy and surgical specimens were measured using ELISA, and immunostaining for dThdPase was performed.ResultsThe fitting multiple linear regression models indicated that the dThdPase levels increased after MMC administration, in particular in the patients with a pre‐treatment dThdPase level less than 56.2 U/mg protein (median value). The time course analysis indicated that the increase in the dThdPase level by 4 mg/m2 of MMC administration continued for 3 weeks. The dThdPase/DPD ratio was increased after MMC administration in patients with a pre‐treatment dThdPase/DPD ratio less than 1.79 (median value). MMC enhanced the expression of dThdPase protein both in the tumor cells and in the stromal cells. The disease free‐survival rate in the Dukes B or C patients with a high dThdPase/DPD ratio in surgical specimen who received 5′‐DFUR based adjuvant chemotherapy tended to be higher than that in those with a low dThdPase/DPD ratio.ConclusionMMC may upregulate the dThdPase level and the dThdPase/DPD ratio in rectal cancer tissues. Combined use of MMC with capecitabine or 5′‐DFUR may offer a more effective colorectal cancer therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;93:47–55. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.