bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comedonal, cornifying and hypertrophic Darier's disease in the same patient: A Darier combination
Authors: ALIAĞAOĞLU Cihangir , ATASOY Mustafa , ANADOLU Rana , İSMAIL ENGIN R. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTOur 42‐year‐old patient had comedonal Darier's disease (DD) on the face, comedonal cornifying DD on the upper back, and hypertrophic DD on both legs. Biopsies taken from face, upper back and medial sides of the legs were found to be compatible with these clinical subtypes. The comedonal type was in the classical place, but the hypertrophic and cornifying types were not in the usual sites. In addition to the classic histopathology of DD, we noted multiple, warty dyskeratoma‐like structures in the comedonal type, marked compact hyperkeratosis in the cornifying type, and marked papillomatosis in the hypertrophic type.
Rapidly developing giant sized lupus vulgaris on the chest associated with bilateral scrofuloderma on the neck
Authors: ALIAĞAOĞLU Cihangir , ATASOY Mustafa , KARAKUZU Ali , ÇAYIR Kerim , MELIKOĞLU Mehmet 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTLupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma are the opposite poles of cutaneous tuberculosis. Lupus vulgaris of a giant size and scrofuloderma in the vicinity of this lesion were both present in a 70‐year‐old female patient. The purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) skin test was strongly positive. In histopathological examination, granulomatous infiltration without caseation necrosis was seen in the dermis. The patient was treated with a four‐drug therapy consisting of pyrazinamide (25 mg/kg), isoniazid (5 mg/kg), rifampin (10 mg/kg) and ethambutol (15 mg/kg) daily for 2 months, followed by dual therapy with isoniazid and rifampin for 6 months. Her cutaneous lesions significantly regressed after 4 months, leaving keloid scars.
Atrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with diffuse eosinophilic infiltrate
Authors: HIRASHIMA Noriyuki , MISAGO Noriyuki , SHINOGI Taro , INOUE Takuya , MIURA Yoshihiro , NARISAWA Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTAtrophic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (atrophic DFSP) is a variant of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), and is clinically characterized by depressed lesions. We report a patient with a typical atrophic DFSP lesion with marked eosinophilic infiltration. The patient was a 55‐year‐old woman with a dark‐red, depressed lesion in the epigastric region. Histopathological examination of the lesion showed proliferation of fibroblast‐like cells in a storiform pattern in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Immunohistochemical staining of tumor cells was positive for CD34. The lesion was histopathologically typical of DFSP, but no elevated lesion was clinically observed. Thus, a diagnosis of atrophic DFSP was made. Moreover, this tumor tissue exhibited marked eosinophilic infiltration. To our knowledge, they are no reports of eosinophilic infiltration in DFSP tissue. Therefore, this seems to be an extremely rare case of DFSP.
Primary essential cutis verticis gyrata in an adult female patient: A case report
Authors: TAN Onder , ERGEN Duygu 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTCutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is a very rare morphological condition of the scalp characterized by ridges and furrows resembling the surface of the brain. Primary or idiopathic CVG occurs in the absence of underlying soft‐tissue abnormalities and is often associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Secondary CVG occurs as a result of a local inflammatory or neoplastic process of the scalp or a systemic illness that produce pathologic changes in the scalp structure. The choice of treatment of CVG is surgical repair which depends on the size and location of the lesion, the underlying disorder, and the wishes of the patient, including primary repair, serial excision, skin grafting, local flaps and tissue expansion. In this case report, we describe the first female patient in the published work with primary essential CVG that appeared at 30 years of age. Because the patient had no cosmetic or functional complaint, no surgical intervention was attempted. Primary essential CVG, a very uncommon disorder, may be encountered in females after the third decade. The classification of CVG is essential to properly diagnose and treat patients who present with these unusual scalp lesions.
A highly efficient transient protoplast system for analyzing defence gene expression and protein–protein interactions in rice
Authors: CHEN SONGBIAO , TAO LIZEN , ZENG LIRONG , VEGA‐SANCHEZ MIGUEL E. , UMEMURA KENJI , WANG GUO‐LIANG 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYThe transient assay system based on mesophyll or cultured cell‐derived protoplasts has been exploited in several plant species and has become a powerful tool for rapid gene functional analysis and biochemical manipulations. However, the system has not been widely used in rice owing to the difficulties in large‐scale isolation of viable rice protoplasts from leaves or suspension‐cultured cells. Here, we describe a significantly improved method to isolate a large number of protoplasts from stem and sheath tissues of both young and mature plants. High‐level coexpression of multiple constructs and efficient suppression of exogenous and endogenous genes were observed in the stem‐ and sheath‐derived protoplasts. A transient green fluorescent protein and luciferase‐based reporter system for defence‐related genes expression analysis has been established, which is useful for screening and characterizing genes involved in rice defence signalling pathways. Furthermore, a protoplast‐based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system for the detection of protein–protein interactions in living rice cells was developed. The YFP complementation of two split‐YFP halves mediated by homodimerization of the GUS and SPIN1, a cell‐death related protein, was observed in transfected protoplasts. In combination with genetic, genomic and proteomic approaches, the established versatile protoplast transient assay system will facilitate large‐scale functional analysis of defence‐related genes in rice.
Integration of structural and functional genomics
Authors: Tuggle C. K. , Dekkers J. C. M. , Reecy J. M. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThis paper introduces a special issue of Animal Genetics, which is devoted to the recent symposium held at Iowa State University entitled ‘Integration of Structural and Functional Genomics’. We describe issues and needs that confront the animal genomics community, and describe how this symposium was structured to address these issues by improving communication and collaboration across species and disciplines. The session topics and oral presentations are briefly described for all invited speakers.
An integrative approach for the identification of quantitative trait loci
Authors: Arbilly M. , Pisanté A. , Devor M. , Darvasi A. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThe genetic dissection of complex traits is one of the most difficult and most important challenges facing science today. We discuss here an integrative approach to quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in mice. This approach makes use of the wealth of genetic tools available in mice, as well as the recent advances in genome sequence data already available for a number of inbred mouse strains. We have developed mapping strategies that allow a stepwise narrowing of a QTL mapping interval, prioritizing candidate genes for further analysis with the potential of identifying the most probable candidate gene for the given trait. This approach integrates traditional mapping tools, fine mapping tools, sequence‐based analysis, bioinformatics and gene expression.
Genetic analysis of NHLH2 and its putative role in bovine body weight control
Authors: Brennan K. M. , Vella K. R. , Good D. J. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThe control of energy balance is fundamental to adult animals and is necessary for weight gain/loss, reproductive capacity and general health. In mice, targeted deletion of the neuronal transcription factor Nhlh2 results in adult‐onset obesity because of reduced exercise and infertility because of reduced sexual behaviour. Nhlh2 (NHLH2 for humans) is expressed in the hypothalamus, particularly in neurons that have been shown to regulate energy balance. We have cloned the bovine Nhlh2 gene (bNHLH2) and we have shown that bNHLH2 is also expressed in the hypothalamus. Phylogenetic analysis of Nhlh2 reveals that it is very highly conserved in humans, mice, chimps and cattle, and found in organisms with simpler nervous systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. Using a cattle–human comparative map and online databases, we have evidence that bNHLH2 is located near a quantitative trait locus for marbling on bovine chromosome 3 between microsatellite markers BM723 and BMS963. Cloning of the bNHLH2 gene from Holstein cattle and a mixed breed individual and comparison with Hereford sequences shows that the gene is highly conserved among bovine breeds.
From information to understanding: the role of model organism databases in comparative and functional genomics
Authors: Bult C. J. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryData integration is key to functional and comparative genomics because integration allows diverse data types to be evaluated in new contexts. To achieve data integration in a scalable and sensible way, semantic standards are needed, both for naming things (standardized nomenclatures, use of key words) and also for knowledge representation. The Mouse Genome Informatics database and other model organism databases help to close the gap between information and understanding of biological processes because these resources enforce well‐defined nomenclature and knowledge representation standards. Model organism databases have a critical role to play in ensuring that diverse kinds of data, especially genome‐scale data sets and information, remain useful to the biological community in the long‐term. The efforts of model organism database groups ensure not only that organism‐specific data are integrated, curated and accessible but also that the information is structured in such a way that comparison of biological knowledge across model organisms is facilitated.
Genomic pathways database and biological data management
Authors: Ozsoyoglu Z. M. , Ozsoyoglu G. , Nadeau J. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryIn this paper, we discuss the properties of biological data and challenges it poses for data management, and argue that, in order to meet the data management requirements for ‘digital biology’, careful integration of the existing technologies and the development of new data management techniques for biological data are needed. Based on this premise, we present PathCase: Case Pathways Database System. PathCase is an integrated set of software tools for modelling, storing, analysing, visualizing and querying biological pathways data at different levels of genetic, molecular, biochemical and organismal detail. The novel features of the system include: (i) genomic information integrated with other biological data and presented starting from pathways; (ii) design for biologists who are possibly unfamiliar with genomics, but whose research is essential for annotating gene and genome sequences with biological functions; (iii) database design, implementation and graphical tools which enable users to visualize pathways data in multiple abstraction levels and to pose exploratory queries; (iv) a wide range of different types of queries including, ‘path’ and ‘neighbourhood queries’ and graphical visualization of query outputs; and (v) an implementation that allows for web (XML)‐based dissemination of query outputs (i.e. pathways data in BIOPAX format) to researchers in the community, giving them control on the use of pathways data.
Selective transcriptional profiling for trait‐based eQTL mapping
Authors: Nettleton D. , Wang D. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThere is currently great interest in identifying genetic loci associated with the expression of one or more genes by combining methods for the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) with microarray technology. Because of the high cost of microarrays, it is useful to develop strategies for selecting a subset of individuals for expression profiling. We describe a method of selective transcriptional profiling that uses available information on individual quantitative traits and marker data to choose an optimal set of individuals for measurement with microarrays. We show how to analyse the resulting data to identify genes whose expression is associated with a QTL for a traditional trait or any other locus. Examples are used to illustrate the method and highlight some challenges associated with the analysis of selected data.
Catch‐up growth strategies differ between body structures: interactions between age and structure‐specific growth in wild nestling Alpine Swifts
Authors: BIZE P. , METCALFE N. B. , ROULIN A. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryLittle is known on the occurrence and magnitude of faster than normal (catch‐up) growth in response to periods of undernutrition in the wild, and the extent to which different body structures compensate and over what timescales is poorly understood.We investigated catch‐up growth in nestling Alpine Swifts,Apus melba, by comparing nestling growth trajectories in response to a naturally occurring 1‐week period of inclement weather and undernutrition with growth of nestlings reared in a good year.In response to undernutrition, nestlings exhibited a hierarchy of tissues preservation and compensation, with body mass being restored quickly after the end of the period of undernutrition, acceleration of skeletal growth occurring later in development, and compensation in wing length occurring mostly due to a prolongation of growth and delayed fledging.The effect of undernutrition and subsequent catch‐up growth was age‐dependent, with older nestlings being more resilient to undernutrition, and in turn having less need to compensate later in the development.This shows that young in a free‐living bird population can compensate in body mass and body size for a naturally occurring period of undernutrition, and that the timing and extent of compensation varies with age and between body structures.
Climate change manipulations show Antarctic flora is more strongly affected by elevated nutrients than water
Authors: WASLEY JANE , ROBINSON SHARON A. , LOVELOCK CATHERINE E. , POPP MARIANNE 
Published: July 2006

AbstractClimate change is expected to affect the high latitudes first and most severely, rendering Antarctica one of the most significant baseline environments for the study of global climate change. The indirect effects of climate warming, including changes to the availability of key environmental resources, such as water and nutrients, are likely to have a greater impact upon continental Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems than the effects of fluctuations in temperature alone. To investigate the likely impacts of a wetter climate on Antarctic terrestrial communities a multiseason, manipulative field experiment was conducted in the floristically important Windmill Islands region of East Antarctica. Four cryptogamic communities (pure bryophyte, moribund bryophyte, crustose and fructicose lichen‐dominated) received increased water and/or nutrient additions over two consecutive summer seasons. The increased water approximated an 18% increase in snow melt days (0.2°C increase in temperature), while the nutrient addition of 3.5 g N m−2 yr−1was within the range of soil N in the vicinity. A range of physiological and biochemical measurements were conducted in order to quantify the community response. While an overall increase in productivity in response to water and nutrient additions was observed, productivity appeared to respond more strongly to nutrient additions than to water additions. Pure bryophyte communities, and lichen communities dominated by the genusUsnea, showed stronger positive responses to nutrient additions, identifying some communities that may be better able to adapt and prosper under the ameliorating conditions associated with a warmer, wetter future climate. Under such a climate, productivity is overall likely to increase but some cryptogamic communities are likely to thrive more than others. Regeneration of moribund bryophytes appears likely only if a future moisture regime creates consistently moist conditions.
Determinants of vertebrate invasion success in Europe and North America
Authors: JESCHKE JONATHAN M. , STRAYER DAVID L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSpecies that are frequently introduced to an exotic range have a high potential of becoming invasive. Besides propagule pressure, however, no other generally strong determinant of invasion success is known. Although evidence has accumulated that human affiliates (domesticates, pets, human commensals) also have high invasion success, existing studies do not distinguish whether this success can be completely explained by or is partly independent of propagule pressure. Here, we analyze both factors independently, propagule pressure and human affiliation. We also consider a third factor directly related to humans, hunting, and 17 traits on each species' population size and extent, diet, body size, and life history. Our dataset includes all 2362 freshwater fish, mammals, and birds native to Europe or North America. In contrast to most previous studies, we look at the complete invasion process consisting of (1) introduction, (2) establishment, and (3) spread. In this way, we not only consider which of the introduced species became invasive but also which species were introduced. Of the 20 factors tested, propagule pressure and human affiliation were the two strongest determinants of invasion success across all taxa and steps. This was true for multivariate analyses that account for intercorrelations among variables as well as univariate analyses, suggesting that human affiliation influenced invasion success independently of propagule pressure. Some factors affected the different steps of the invasion process antagonistically. For example, game species were much more likely to be introduced to an exotic continent than nonhunted species but tended to be less likely to establish themselves and spread. Such antagonistic effects show the importance of considering the complete invasion process.
The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. A possible progenitor cell origin
Authors: Durnez A , Verslype C , Nevens F , Fevery J , Aerts R , Pirenne J , Lesaffre E , Libbrecht L , Desmet V , Roskams T 
Published: July 2006

Aims:  Cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK19 expression, present in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and in cholangiocytes but not in normal hepatocytes, has been reported in some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs); however, the incidence and relevance of this expression in HCC in Caucasians is not known. Therefore, our aim was to study the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC expressing CK7 and/or CK19 in 109 Caucasian patients.Methods and results:  The expression of hepatocellular differentiation markers (Hepar, canalicular polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen), biliary/progenitor cell markers (CK7, CK19), α‐fetoprotein (AFP), p53 and β‐catenin in HCC was semiquantitatively assessed by immunohistochemistry. Of 109 HCCs, 78 were CK7–/CK19– (72%), 13 CK7+/CK19– (12%), seven CK7–/CK19+ (6%), 11 CK7+/CK19+ (10%). CK19 expression was significantly associated with elevated serum AFP (400 ng/ml) (P = 0.023), tumour AFP expression (P < 0.0001), presence in serum of anti‐hepatitis B core (P = 0.016), less fibrosis in non‐neoplastic parenchyma (P = 0.009) and less nuclear β‐catenin expression (P = 0.021). CK7 expression was significantly associated with elevated serum bilirubin (> 2 mg/dl) (P = 0.0005) and less nuclear β‐catenin expression (P = 0.003). HCC expressing CK19 had a higher rate of recurrence (P = 0.009, hazard ratio 12.5, n = 31) after liver transplantation compared with CK19– tumours.Conclusions:  In our series, 28% of HCCs contained cells expressing CK7 and/or CK19. They potentially derive from HPCs. The higher recurrence rate of CK19+ HCC after transplantation suggests a worse prognosis for these HCCs compared with CK19– HCC.
Is pseudomelanosis coli a marker of colonic neuropathy in severely constipated patients?
Authors: Villanacci V , Bassotti G , Cathomas G , Maurer C A , Di Fabio F , Fisogni S , Cadei M , Mazzocchi A , Salerni B 
Published: July 2006

Aims:  To study relationships between the number of pseudomelanosis coli cells and that of colonic enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal, which are significantly reduced compared with controls in severely constipated patients. Pseudomelanosis coli is frequent in patients using anthraquinone laxatives. It is not known whether the prolonged use of these compounds damages the enteric nervous system in constipated patients.Patients and methods:  The relationship between the number of pseudomelanosis coli cells and that of colonic enteric neurons (as well as that of apoptotic enteric neurons) and of interstitial cells of Cajal was assessed by histological and immunohistochemical methods in 16 patients with chronic use of anthraquinone laxatives undergoing surgery for severe constipation unresponsive to medical treatment. No relationship was found between the number of pseudomelanosis coli cells and that of enteric neurons (and that of the apoptotic ones), nor of interstitial cells of Cajal, in either the submucosal or the myenteric plexus.Conclusion:  The use of anthraquinone laxatives, leading to the appearance of pseudomelanosis coli, is probably not related to the abnormalities of the enteric nervous system found in severely constipated patients.
Congenitally missing maxillary primary canines: report of three cases
Authors: CHO S. Y. , LEE C. K. 
Published: July 2006

Summary.  Background.  Hypodontia is uncommon in the primary dentition and lateral incisors are the most commonly missing primary teeth in the patients affected. Studies have found that hypodontia in the primary dentition involving only maxillary canine is rare.Case reports.  Three cases of hypodontia in the primary dentition involving only maxillary canine are presented. Two of them were affected by hypodontia and hyperdontia in the permanent dentitions respectively, yet all the permanent canines developed normally in these three cases.Conclusion.  In children with congenitally missing maxillary canines, the permanent dentitions may show diverse anomalies in tooth numbers, ranging from hypodontia to hyperdontia.