bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching out Science and Literature: Hybrid Narratives, New Methodological Directions, and Mary Russell Mitford'sOur Village
Authors: King Amy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe findings from the fields of book history, and in particular from the SciPer project, are implicitly asking nineteenth‐century scholars of literature and science to rethink their relation to the text: literally, from book to periodical. Nineteenth‐century literary studies has long been involved with the ways in which science and literature share and transmit ideas between the two. What we perhaps have done less of is think through the various ways that we may not have been able to identify certain texts as either literary or scientific. Here I will concentrate on the example of Mary Mitford's popular sketch seriesOur Village: Sketches of Rural Life and Scenery(1824–32) as a text that invites this kind of inquiry; it also illustrates how examining text originating in the periodical press can reconceptualize and broaden what we have come to think of as the scientific. The text's hybridity is based in its heterogeneity – that in part it is literary, in part it is natural history. This essay attempts to think about Mitford through the challenge of the SciPer project's invitation to search out non‐specialist forms of scientific discourse within periodical formats. The essay proposes new methodological and conceptual directions for early nineteenth‐century literature and science studies, focusing in particular on the residual popular form of natural theology as it presents in popularized natural history modes.Our Villageis proposed not as the exception but rather as a methodological pointer to possible new directions in early nineteenth‐century literature and science studies. In making the periodical press and the various narrative forms we will find there more front and center in our inquiry, might we find more of these odd hybrids that are neither and yet somehow both science and literature? And in so doing, will we begin to revamp some of the stories we tell ourselves about the interrelation of science and literature in the early Victorian moment?
High incidence of thyroid cancer in toxic multinodular goiters
Authors: SHAIKH Irshad Ahammed , MUTHUKUMARSAMY Girivasan , VIDYADHARAN Ramesh , ABRAHAM Santhosh John 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study is to analyse the incidence of carcinoma thyroids in toxic multinodular goiters (MNG) and the pathological pattern of these cancer nodules.Methods:  This is a retrospective review of 2344 patients, operated for MNG over a period of 10 years from January 1993 to December 2002 at Lourdes Hospital, Kochi, Kerala, India.Results:  We operated on 2344 patients for MNG, out of whom 160 patients presented to us in a toxic state and the remaining 2184 in a non‐toxic state. Of the patients operated for MNG 4.5% were found to have associated thyroid cancer. The incidence of thyroid cancer in toxic MNG patients was 26.25% whereas in non‐toxic MNG patients it was 2.5%. All the malignant nodules detected were papillary cancers of the thyroid and relatively large nodules (range 0.6 cm−4.1 cm) were found in toxic MNG compared to non‐toxic MNG.Conclusion:  Patients with toxic MNG showed a very high incidence of coexisting thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancers can coexist in toxic MNG despite the suppression of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The coexisting thyroid cancer size is larger in toxic MNG than euthyroid MNG. A total thyroidectomy is the treatment recommended for toxic MNG in an endemic area.
Primary carcinoma of gallbladder in Yazd, Iran: A 14‐year study (1992–2006)
Authors: SALARI Ali Akbar , TAGHIPOOR Shokouh , AMIR Hassan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  To investigate the clinico‐pathological profile and stage of disease at presentation of patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder diagnosed during 1992–2006 in Iran.Methods:  During this study period 34 consecutive patients with gallbladder carcinoma were identified using a pathology‐based tumor database. The data extracted for each study patient included their gender, age at diagnosis, signs and symptoms, presence of gallstones and histopathological pattern of the gallbladder carcinoma and the UICC/AJCC TNM staging system was used for labeling the stages of the disease.Results:  The median age of the 34 patients studied was 69.50 with most between 61 and 70 years of age. The age range of the men was between 53 and 80 years with a median age of 71.50 years and that of the women was between 33 and 79 years with a median age of 68.50 years. The most common symptom was pain in the right hypochondrium. More women had gallstones (15/34) than men (3/10). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histopathological type (91.18%) with the commonest subtype being papillary (47.06%). Eighteen patients had stage IB and stage IIA (52.94%) carcinomas whereas stages IIB and III were observed in six (17.6%) and seven cases (20.6%), respectively. Only three cases (8.82%) were seen in stage IV. The follow up of gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) patients in this study ranged from 6 to 60 months. However, there was a progressive reduction of patients attending follow‐up oncology clinic, particularly by those who had stages III and IV of the disease.Conclusion:  Most patients (52.94%) presented with early disease (stage IB and IIA) which carries a good prognosis. Early detection of GBC and a national consensus for the evidence‐based management of GBC in Iran should be the major components of a strategy aimed at improving therapeutic outcome.
THE QUALITY OF VEGETABLE OIL FROM THREE VARIETIES OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS)
Authors: GALLEGOS‐INFANTE JOSÉ‐ALBERTO , ROCHA‐GUZMÁN NURIA‐ELIZABETH , GONZÁLEZ‐LAREDO RUBÉN‐FRANCISCO , GOMEZ‐SÁNCHEZ DANIEL , ZUNO‐FLORIANO FABIOLA , VIDAÑA‐MARTÍNEZ SILVIA‐ADRIANA 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT Vegetable oils become susceptible to oxidation during their processing. The appropriate extraction and refining conditions of oil from two experimental cultivars (Madero‐91 and Cianoc‐2) of sunflower seeds and a commercial one (Victoria) as a control, were studied. Isopropyl alcohol was used in the extraction and refining, and compared with hexane. The refining was performed by the miscella method at 40, 50, 60 and 70%. Free fatty acids (FFA) and malonaldehyde analysis of crude oils afforded no significant differences among solvents and sunflower varieties. In refined oils, differences found with the miscella concentration, the malonaldehyde content and FFA content were not significant. Cianoc‐2 was the best source for oil production because of its lower values in FFA and malonaldehyde content.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of hexano in refining vegetable oil in Mexico is common, lack of knowledge about the use of new solvents and their impact on the processing conditions with sunflower seed cultivars is lack. The present work describes at lab scale, the work conditions, advantages and posibilities and limitations of the use on isopropyl alcohol in comparison with hexane and the use of three Mexican cultivar with this approach, with emphasize in oxidation conditions of refined vegetable oil.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE APPLICATION OF THE FTIR SPECTROSCOPY TO CONTROL THE GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN AND QUALITY OF VIRGIN OLIVE OILS
Authors: BENDINI ALESSANDRA , CERRETANI LORENZO , DI VIRGILIO FABIO , BELLONI PAOLO , BONOLI‐CARBOGNIN MATTEO , LERCKER GIOVANNI 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT A rapid Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) attenuated total reflectance spectroscopic method was applied to determine qualitative parameters such as free fatty acid (FFA) content and the peroxide value (POV) in virgin olive oils. Calibration models were constructed using partial least squares regression on a large number of virgin olive oil samples. The best results (R2 = 0.955, root mean square error in cross validation [RMSECV] = 0.15) to evaluate FFA content expressed in oleic acid % (w/w) were obtained considering a calibration range from 0.2 to 9.2% of FFA relative to 190 samples. For POV determination, the result obtained, built on 80 olive oil samples with a calibration range from 11.1 to 49.7 meq O2/kg of oil, was not satisfactory (R2 = 0.855, RMSECV = 3.96). We also investigated the capability of FTIR spectroscopy, in combination with multivariate analysis, to distinguish virgin olive oils based on geographic origin. The spectra of 84 monovarietal virgin olive oil samples from eight Italian regions were collected and elaborated by principal component analysis (PCA), considering the fingerprint region. The results were satisfactory and could successfully discriminate the majority of samples coming from the Emilia Romagna, Sardinian and Sicilian regions. Moreover, the explained variance from this PCA was higher than 96%.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe verification of the declared origin or the determination of the origin of an unidentified virgin olive oil is a challenging problem. In this work, we have studied the applicability of Fourier transform infrared coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to discriminate the geographic origin of virgin olive oil samples from different Italian regions.
NONTHERMAL STERILIZATION OF GREEN COCONUT WATER FOR PACKAGING
Authors: REDDY KAMIDI VENKAT , DAS MADHUSWETA , DAS SUSANTA KUMAR 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTA laboratory scale technique for nonthermal sterilization of green coconut water was developed. The process consisted of two‐stage filtrations under constant pressure using different filter media; namely, low ash filter paper (Whatman 42) in the first stage and cellulose nitrate membrane (0.2‐µm pore opening) in the second stage. The quality of the filtered water was evaluated with respect to microbial population, organoleptic characteristics, nutrient contents and physical properties.The water after the second stage of filtration was sterile with no visible growth of microbes on culture plates. The taste of the processed water did not change significantly; however, the flavor and overall acceptability decreased about 9 and 11%, respectively. The water also remained sterile after 1 month in aseptically packed condition, but overall acceptability further decreased by 6%. The filtration reduced different nutrients of the fresh water like fat, ash, total sugar, reducing sugar and protein by 40.0, 43.9, 23.4, 29.2 and 13.3%, respectively; the removal of K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Cu was 10.15, 16.14, 19.04, 20.85 and 22.21%, respectively. The removal of these nutrients increased surface tension and decreased viscosity of the coconut water.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSPackaging of sterile green coconut water as soft drink has a good global market as it ensures its widespread availability, quantity and reasonable price. Non‐thermal sterilization by membrane filtration has been found to be an alternative to thermal sterilization as the later adversely deteriorates many essential qualities of this delicate coconut water. The present non‐thermal sterilization technique maintained the sterility, nutritional quality and desirable organoleptic profile of the processed water. Thus, this process could be applied for production of green coconut water as packaged soft drink.
DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNT FOR GERMANIUM (Ge) BY ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
Authors: JIANG S.L. , SHI C.H. , WU J.G. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT The quantification of germanium in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was studied by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). The optimum experimental conditions or the generation of germanium hydride were 360‐V photomultiplier tube voltage, 80‐mA hollow cathode lamp, 2.5% (w/v) KBH4 in 0.5% KOH solution and 20% H3PO4 mixture with 5% H2SO4. With these experimental conditions, the correlation coefficient (R2) of calibration curve was up to 0.9992. As a convenient and sensitive calibration curve, it was proposed for the determination of trace amounts of germanium in brown and milled rice samples. The results showed that the content of germanium in brown rice was higher than that in milled rice. The means of the content of germanium were 4.98 and 18.10 ng/g in milled rice and brown rice, respectively.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSRice is an important food for human nutrition because it supplies starch, protein and the majority of micronutrients to humans, particularly in Asia. So determination the content of Germanium in rice is important for human health. In this study, we developed the method of AFS which was suitable for determination rice grain. With this method, the content of Ge could be analyzed accurately in rice, so that the good materials would be selected form germplasm resources of rice, which could be used to study physiological and genetic mechanisms and enhance germanium in diets for human.
INTERVENTION AS THE RATIONAL APPROACH TO CONTROL DISEASES OF MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY TRANSMITTED BY FOODS. An actualization of the tale of the frog and the grouse—after Lafontaine (1621–1695).1
Authors: MOSSEL D. A. A. 
Published: August 2007

Even advanced countries suffer from infectious diseases spread by food animal origin. The underlying mechanism of this morbidity is known and is important to design measures to reduce the incidence via intervention sensu Wilson (1955).The classical defense lines which rely on high‐level hygiene in the slaughter‐house and during food preparation are insufficient to control these food transmitted enteric infections. Consequently, a third line of defense, processing for safety, is required here as it was in the dairy and the egg product industries. At least two effective modes of processing for safety of raw food animal origin are available to erect this third line of defense. These includ radicidation and lactic acid decontamination. The two procedures lead to marked reward in terms of control of infection, while they are both fully safe.It is the duty of Public Health bacteriologists to advise regulatory agenci and consumers in applying one or both of these measures for improved healt protection.The health profession cannot possibly hope to achieve this goal without recruiting the assistance of experts in human behavior and more particular in factors determining selection and rejection of foods by consumers.
Characteristics of nurse practitioner curricula in the United States related to antimicrobial prescribing and resistance
Authors: Sym Donna , Brennan Caitlin W. , Hart Ann Marie , Larson Elaine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine current nurse practitioner (NP) curricula in the United States with regard to antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance and assess the need for a web‐based module for instruction on antimicrobial resistance and appropriate prescribing of antibiotics.Data sources: A 22‐item, anonymous, self‐administered, web‐based survey was sent to 312 NP programs; 149 (48%) responded. Survey items included questions related to NP specialties offered, program accreditation, format of pharmacology course(s), lecture hours related to antimicrobial therapy, and whether the participant would use a Web‐based module to teach NP students about antimicrobial resistance, if one were available.Conclusions: Most NP programs (99.3%) required a pharmacology course, and 95% had lectures dedicated to antimicrobial therapy. Half of the programs (53.5%) devoted ≥4 lecture hours to antimicrobial therapy in the pharmacology course, and most (84.8%) reported covering antimicrobial therapy in nonpharmacology courses as well. Approximately half of the programs (45.3%) reported <4 h of lecture on antimicrobial therapy in nonpharmacology courses. Many programs (51.9%) did not offer a microbiology course; 39.2% required microbiology as a prerequisite. Most respondents (86.7%) were familiar with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention antimicrobial resistance program, and 92.6% reported that they would use an electronic module regarding resistance.Implications for practice: NP curricula generally include <10 h of content on antimicrobial therapy. An electronic module regarding antimicrobial resistance is likely to be a useful and relevant adjunct to current curricula.
Many asthma patients experience persistent symptoms despite appropriate clinical and guideline‐based treatment with inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Mogil Joan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: To review possible reasons for persistence of asthma symptoms despite appropriate use of clinical and guideline‐based treatments, including the use of inhaled corticosteroids.Data sources: Review of the worldwide scientific literature on factors related to persistent symptoms in patients with asthma.Conclusions: Patients with asthma may not respond as expected to therapy because of factors that include poor adherence, improper inhaler technique, persistent exposure to symptom triggers, and limitations of current standard therapy, including steroid insensitivity or the steroid plateau effect. Persistent symptoms may also be associated with IgE‐mediated airway inflammation, as current standard asthma therapies do not directly address the IgE‐mediated component of the inflammatory cascade. Asthma is a complex disease and its treatment requires the full cooperation and participation of the patient.Implications for practice: Healthcare professionals can play a key role by educating patients and their family members about the nature of asthma and rationale for treatment, supporting the importance of strict adherence to prevention measures and the prescribed treatment regimen.
Budd–Chiari syndrome from an advanced practice nurse perspective
Authors: Pahuriray Lourdes S. , Alpert Patricia T. , Kowalski Susan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with a case study and literature review of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS). This rare liver disease has a multitude of clinical presentations that NPs may encounter in the primary care setting.Data source: A literature search was conducted in Pub‐Med and CINAHL using key search words. Information for the case study was obtained from a patient and his gastroenterology specialist, who is a foremost expert in this field.Conclusion: BCS is complex and may be difficult to diagnose because of its atypical clinical presentation. Delayed diagnosis can affect the quality and quantity of a patient’s life. Increasing NPs’ awareness about this rare condition through a case presentation and review of the literature emphasizes the major factors for accurate diagnosis.Implications for practice: Knowledge of BCS can assist the NP in identifying this syndrome and making prompt, appropriate referrals.
Immunoglobulin E‐mediated airway inflammation is active in most patients with asthma
Authors: Hayden Mary Lou 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: To review the role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of asthma, limitations of standard therapies, and IgE as a logical target for therapy with omalizumab aimed at attaining asthma symptom control.Data sources: Review of worldwide scientific literature on the role of IgE‐mediated inflammation in patients with asthma, supplemented with a clinical case study.Conclusions: Clinical trials point to an important role for IgE blocker therapy as an add‐on to current therapy to reduce exacerbations and corticosteroid use and to improve quality of life in patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma. Omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody that binds IgE, has been shown to be an effective, well‐tolerated treatment in these patients.Implications for practice: A significant number of patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma do not achieve asthma symptom control, despite adhering to current guidelines–based standards of therapy, including the use of inhaled corticosteroids, β‐agonists, and leukotriene modifiers. None of these therapies directly addresses IgE‐mediated inflammation. Therefore, patients with persistent symptoms of moderate‐to‐severe asthma should be evaluated and considered for therapy with the IgE blocker omalizumab.
Let us talk about it: Safe adolescent sexual decision making
Authors: Weiss Josie A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: To discuss important factors that influence teens and provide guidance for nurse practitioners (NPs) to promote safe adolescent sexual decision making.Data sources: A selective review of current professional literature and professional practice.Conclusions: To promote safe sexual decision making in adolescents, communication with parents, other significant adults, and teens is essential. Being knowledgeable about factors that influence the choices of adolescents and willing to discuss them openly is an important component of NP practice and could make a difference in the lives of many teens.Implications for practice: NPs are frontline healthcare providers who have many opportunities to promote safe adolescent sexual decision making. This article provides a guide to assist in this work.
Written educational materials for families of chronically ill children
Authors: Mahat Ganga , Scoloveno Mary Ann , Donnelly Cassandra Barnette 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: To provide information on evaluation of written educational materials and to illustrate the evaluation of Sickle Cell Disease: A Family Guide (SCDFG) used for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their families. A large Valerie Fund Children’s Center developed the SCDFG in collaboration with the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services, Special Child Health and Early Intervention Services. Two university faculty members and one pediatric nurse practitioner (NP) working in the clinic conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness and usefulness of the SCDFG.Data sources: Forty‐eight caregivers of children with SCD who were using the SCDFG were asked to complete a survey developed by the investigators. The survey was completed during a clinic visit.Conclusions: The SCDFG met the standards for content, organization, layout, linguistics, visuals, readability, and comprehension. Overall, the caregivers were knowledgeable about the cause, signs and symptoms, and what to do during a sickle crisis. More than half the participants reported that they felt confident in managing their child’s problems related to SCD. Confidence of the caregivers was positively correlated with their perception that the information in the SCDFG was helpful and easy to understand.Implications for practice: NPs need to evaluate written educational materials that are used as part of a multifaceted approach to the care of children with chronic illnesses. A planned systematic evaluation provides the NP with information about the efficacy and usefulness of the written educational materials. These materials may help empower children and caregivers to manage their long‐term illnesses.