bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of imidacloprid and DDT by P450 CYP6G1 expressed in cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum suggests detoxification of these insecticides in Cyp6g1‐overexpressing strains of Drosophila melanogaster, leading to resistance
Authors: Joußen Nicole , Heckel David G , Haas Matthias , Schuphan Ingolf , Schmidt Burkhard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: With the worldwide use of insecticides, an increasing number of pest insect species have evolved target‐site or metabolism‐based resistance towards some of these compounds. The resulting decreased efficacy of pesticides threatens human welfare by its impact on crop safety and further disease transmission. Environmental concentrations of some insecticides are so high that even natural populations of non‐target, non‐pest organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meig. have been selected for resistance. Cyp6g1‐overexpressing strains of D. melanogaster are resistant to a wide range of chemically diverse insecticides, including DDT and imidacloprid. However, up to now there has been no evidence that the CYP6G1 enzyme metabolises any of these compounds.RESULTS: Here it is shown, by heterologous expression in cell suspension cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco), that CYP6G1 is capable of converting DDT (20 µg per cell culture assay) by dechlorination to DDD (18% of applied amount in 48 h), and imidacloprid (400 µg) mainly by hydroxylation to 4‐hydroxyimidacloprid and 5‐hydroxyimidacloprid (58 and 19% respectively in 48 h).CONCLUSION: Thus, the gap between the supposed resistance gene Cyp6g1 and the observed resistance phenomenon was closed by the evidence that CYP6G1 is capable of metabolising at least two insecticides. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Susceptibility of lesser mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae exposed to two commercial insecticides on unpainted plywood panels
Authors: Kaufman Phillip E , Strong Colleen , Rutz Donald A 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The susceptibilities of adult and larval lesser mealworms, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), to two commercially formulated insecticides, cyfluthrin and tetrachlorvinphos, were examined through exposure on treated plywood panels. Lesser mealworms were collected from four caged‐layer poultry farms, three in New York and one in Maine. An additional strain was obtained from an infestation occurring in a cricket colony.RESULTS: In all poultry farm derived strains, a portion of the population (1.8–16.2%) survived cyfluthrin exposure. The Maine and cricket colony strains were tolerant of tetrachlorvinphos exposure as both larvae and adults, with 55–74% mortality, whereas nearly 100% mortality was observed with New York strains. The cricket colony adult beetles were highly susceptible to cyfluthrin, with 100% mortality following exposure, but larvae were considerably less susceptible (87.7%). Pesticide use histories for the poultry farms and their impact on the results are discussed.CONCLUSION: The results document that tetrachlorvinphos, an active ingredient with a long use history, may be losing its effectiveness against lesser mealworms in some poultry operations; however, it is still effective in many others. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Interactions of aminomethylphosphonic acid and sarcosine with montmorillonite interlayer surfaces
Authors: Rennig Amanda , Slutter Annette , Tribe Lorena 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe smectite clay, montmorillonite, can be found in many soils throughout the world. In addition to its importance in agriculture and soil remediation, montmorillonite has extensive applications in industry both in its natural form and as a component of composite materials. The adsorptive properties of montmorillonite have been explored in relation to its interactions with the common herbicide glyphosate. This herbicide, when exposed to microorganisms in the soil is degraded, forming two products: aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and sarcosine. The atomic‐level interactions of these compounds with the montmorillonite interlayer surfaces are studied here using molecular mechanics. The final outcomes of these calculations are analyzed in terms of the proximity of the montmorillonite surface to the moieties of the degradation products. The phosphonate moiety was found to be the most important source of interactions for AMPA, while for sarcosine there was an even distribution between the amino and carboxylic moieties, and Na+ ion mediated surface complexes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Changes in Plasma LDL and HDL Composition in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Hacquebard M. , Ducart A. , Schmartz D. , Malaisse W. J. , Carpentier Y. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChanges of lipoprotein composition have been mainly reported in conditions of sepsis. This study characterized compositional changes in LDL and HDL during the acute phase response following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty‐one patients undergoing cardiac surgery were included in this study. Blood samples were drawn before operation and on day 2 post‐surgery. In parallel to plasma lipids and antioxidant status, lipoproteins were analyzed for lipid, apolipoprotein (apo), hydroperoxide and alpha‐tocopherol content. Beyond decreases in lipid concentrations and antioxidant defenses, cardiac surgery induced substantial modifications in plasma lipoproteins. ApoB decrease in LDL fraction (−46%; P < 0.0001) reflected a marked reduction in the circulating particle number. LDL cholesteryl ester content relative to apoB concentration remained unchanged post‐surgery while triglyceride (+113%; P < 0.001), free cholesterol (+22%; P < 0.05) and phospholipid (+23%; P < 0.025) were raised relative to apoB indicating increased particle size. In HDL, an abrupt rise of apoSAA (P < 0.05) was observed together with a decrease of apoA1 (−22%; P < 0.005). Cholesteryl ester content in HDL fraction decreased in parallel to apoA1 concentration while triglycerides, free cholesterol and phospholipids increased relative to apoA1. In contrast to unchanged alpha‐tocopherol content, hydroperoxide content was increased in LDL and HDL. By comparison to sepsis, cardiac surgery induces a comparable reduction in circulating LDL but a more limited decrease in HDL particles. Furthermore, in contrast, cardiac surgery induces an increase in polar and non‐polar lipids, as well as of particle size in both LDL and HDL.
Vaccenic Acid and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA in the Rumen and Different Tissues of Pasture‐ and Concentrate‐Fed Beef Cattle
Authors: Shen Xiangzhen , Nuernberg Karin , Nuernberg Gerd , Zhao Ruqian , Scollan Nigel , Ender Klaus , Dannenberger Dirk 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objective of present study was the comparison of trans‐11 18:1 (VA) and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA concentrations in the rumen and different tissues in beef cattle, and to examine the diet and breed effects on the compound concentration and deposition. Sixty‐four German Holstein and German Simmental bulls were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments, based on concentrate or pasture. The concentration of cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA and VA in rumen, duodenal digesta and different tissues was determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that pasture relative to concentrate feeding significantly increased the concentration of VA in duodenal digesta, plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids. Pasture‐based feeding resulted in a significant enrichment of cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA in plasma lipids and erythrocyte phospholipids, but not in rumen and duodenal digesta, compared to concentrate‐fed diet. Diet did not affect the cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA concentrations (mg/100 g fresh tissue) in semitendinosus muscle and subcutaneous fat. There was a breed effect on the deposition of cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA in longissimus muscle with lower concentration in pasture‐fed German Simmental bulls compared to concentrate‐fed bulls. However, pasture feeding significantly increased both, the VA and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA concentrations in liver and heart tissues. Both diet and breed effects on Δ9‐desaturase index was observed in muscle and subcutaneous fat tissues. There was a linear relationship between the concentration of VA and cis‐9,trans‐11 CLA and the coefficients of determination (R2) varied between 0.29 and 0.87 from rumen to the different tissues.
Spinal cord stimulation in adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS‐I)
Authors: Olsson Gunnar L. , Meyerson Björn A. , Linderoth Bengt 
Published: October 2007

AbstractComplex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS‐I) is not uncommon in children, particularly in adolescent girls. Most often, the condition involves a foot and is characterized by spontaneous pain, tactile allodynia and dysautonomic signs. There is usually a history of a minor, local trauma but sometimes no reasonable cause can be identified, and there are no signs of persistent tissue injury giving rise to ongoing nociception.Common analgesics are generally of no benefit, and the standard treatment includes sociopsychological support, physiotherapy, tricyclic antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs, sympathetic blocks (SB), and cognitive‐behavioural therapy. For a minority of patients who prove to be resistant to such therapies, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may be tried.The present study comprises seven girls, 11–14 years of age, presenting with severe, incapacitating and therapy‐resistant CRPS‐I, who were subjected to SCS. In two of them, percutaneous electrode implantation had to be performed in general anaesthesia. Trial stimulation was performed in all, but one. In two cases, it was not possible to produce paraesthesias that entirely covered the pain area. A pain relieving effect of SCS was usually not reported until after 1–2 weeks of trial stimulation. After another 2–6 weeks, pain alleviation was complete in five of the seven patients, one to eight years after the intervention. In one case, a local infection necessitated the removal of the electrode; nevertheless a few days of trial stimulation produced substantial pain relief that still persists. In four patients, the SCS use was gradually diminished and eventually the device could be removed.The favourable outcome in all seven cases with no or minor remaining symptoms and without severe recurrences illustrates that SCS may also be an efficient treatment in paediatric cases with exceptionally therapy resistant forms of CRPS I.
Body dysmorphic disorder and cosmetic surgery: Evolution of 24 subjects with a minimal defect in appearance 5 years after their request for cosmetic surgery
Authors: Tignol Jean , Biraben-Gotzamanis Louise , Martin-Guehl Corinne , Grabot Denis , Aouizerate Bruno 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of cosmetic surgery and the stability of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) diagnosis in patients with a minimal defect in appearance, with and without BDD, 5 years after their request for plastic surgery.Subjects and methodsThirty patients requesting cosmetic surgery with minimal defect in appearance, of whom 12 had BDD and 18 did not, were re-evaluated 5 years later by telephone interview regarding their cosmetic surgery interventions, satisfaction with the intervention, BDD diagnosis, handicap, and psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsOf the 30 patients, we were able to re-evaluate 24 subjects (80%), 10 with BDD and 14 non-BDD. Seven BDD subjects had undergone cosmetic surgery vs 8 non-BDD. Patient satisfaction with the intervention was high in both groups. Nevertheless at follow-up, 6 of the 7 operated BDD patients still had a BDD diagnosis and exhibited higher levels of handicap and psychiatric comorbidity compared to their non-BDD counterparts. Moreover, 3 non-BDD patients had developed a BDD at follow-up.ConclusionThis prospective study confirms that cosmetic surgery is not efficient on BDD despite declared patient satisfaction. Cosmetic surgery had no significant effects on BDD diagnosis, handicap or psychiatric comorbidity in BDD patients at 5-year follow-up. Furthermore, BDD appeared at follow-up in some initially non-BDD diagnosed subjects. Patients' declared satisfaction with surgery may contribute to explain why some plastic surgeons may not fully adhere to the contraindication of cosmetic surgery in BDD.
Symptomatic remission and social/vocational functioning in outpatients with schizophrenia: Prevalence and associations in a cross-sectional study
Authors: San Luis , Ciudad Antonio , Álvarez Enrique , Bobes Julio , Gilaberte Inmaculada 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeProgress in therapeutic options for schizophrenia has revived long-term expectations of researchers, practitioners and patients. At present, definitions of therapeutic outcome include both maintained symptomatic remission and appropriate functioning in a conceptual framework that targets patient's recovery as the ultimate goal. We aimed to know the prevalence and clinical features of patients with schizophrenia achieving these outcomes.MethodsA multi-centre, cross-sectional study was performed in more than 100 mental health facilities within Spain. Recently published consensus-based operational criteria for symptomatic remission and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale were used to evaluate outcomes. Other clinical aspects like depressive symptoms, social cognition, premorbid adjustment and patients' attitudes to medication were also evaluated.ResultsData from 1010 patients were analysed. Of these, 452 (44.8%) were at clinical remission, but only 103 (10.2%) showed an adequate social and/or vocational functioning. Factors predicting both outcomes were better pre-morbid adjustment (odds ratio, OR = 1.56) and better social cognitive function (OR = 1.14). Other factors, like treatment adherence, current or past psychotherapy and patient's age were not associated to functionality but only to clinical remission. Current substance use and previous rehabilitation were associated to a lower likelihood of symptomatic remission.ConclusionAlthough symptomatic remission in patients with schizophrenia is a realistic and reachable goal, future efforts should be directed to a sustained appropriate functioning in these patients.
Abnormal white matter appearance on term FLAIR predicts neuro‐developmental outcome at 6 years old following preterm birth
Authors: Iwata Sachiko , Iwata Osuke , Bainbridge Alan , Nakamura Tomohiko , Kihara Hideki , Hizume Eriko , Sugiura Masatoshi , Tamura Masanori , Matsuishi Toyojiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPreterm infants are at significant risk of neuro‐developmental disorders at school‐age. MRI is a potentially useful screening tool of such disorders. Using FLAIR imaging in the preterm infants at term, here we demonstrate that abnormal low‐intensity signal in the white matter predicts the neuro‐developmental outcome at 6 years.Study designClinical factors associated with white matter appearance on MRI obtained at term were investigated in 210 preterm infants.ResultsLow‐intensity signal on FLAIR imaging was commonly observed (69%) at <2 months corrected‐age. Its incidence correlated with corrected‐age at scan, maternal pyrexia and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Low‐intensity signal on FLAIR significantly correlated with performance and full‐scale developmental quotients, whereas diffuse high‐intensity signal on T2‐weighted imaging correlated only with the full‐scale developmental quotient at 6 years (n = 75, WISC‐R). FLAIR imaging, but not T2‐weighted imaging, predicted mild neuro‐developmental delay.ConclusionsFLAIR appeared to detect subtle white matter injury related with neuro‐developmental disorders at school‐age, whereas T2‐weighted imaging seemed to identify relatively more severe injury. FLAIR is a potentially sensitive screening tool that is readily available and easily interpretable.
Early Paleozoic collisional structures in the modern elevation pattern of the Olkhon region (Baikal rift system)
Authors: Skovitina T.M. , Fedorovsky V.S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The Olkhon area in the western Baikal region belongs to the Baikal rift system. The terrain bears strong imprint of the Early Paleozoic structural framework produced by a multistage collision. The today’s elevation pattern records the main features of inhomogeneous basement lithology. The topography of the area is generally governed by the tectonic style, and tectonic landforms remain weakly denuded and almost uneroded. Thus the Cenozoic geomorphic framework can be correlated to the Early Paleozoic basement structure.
Causes of variations in morphology and impurities of diamonds from the Udachnaya Pipe eclogite
Authors: Stepanov A.S. , Shatsky V.S. , Zedgenizov D.A. , Sobolev N.V. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A unique xenolith of eclogite, 23×17×11 cm in size and 8 kg in weight, was found in the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe. One hundred twenty-four diamond crystals recovered from it were analyzed by a number of methods. The diamonds differ in morphology, internal structure, color, size, and composition of defects and impurities. The xenolith contains diamonds of octahedral and cubooctahedral habits. In cathodoluminescence, the octahedral crystals have a brightly glowing core with octahedral zones of growth and a weakly glowing rim. In the cores of these crystals the N impurity is mostly present in the B1 form (30 to 60%). At the same time, N in the rim is chiefly in the A form. The cubooctahedral crystals show a weak luminescence. The content of nitrogen and degree of its aggregation are close to those in the rim of octahedral crystals. The diversity of morphology and impurity composition of diamonds from the xenolith can be explained by their formation in two stages. At the first stage, the diamonds formed which became the cores of octahedra. After a long-time interruption, at the second stage of diamond formation crystals of cubooctahedral habit appeared and the octahedral crystals were overgrown. Wide variations in nitrogen contents in the xenolith crystals allowed their use to estimate the kinetics of aggregated nitrogen. The data obtained show that the aggregation of A centers into B1 centers in the diamonds is described by a kinetic reaction of an order of 1.5.
Intentional self‐injury in school age children
Authors: Lumsden Walker W. 
Published: October 2007

This paper reports a study of 50 school age children, who had attempted self‐harm and been referred consecutively to the Psychiatric Department of a Teaching Children's Hospital. In addition to this detailed study of these children and their families, comparison is made with other studies of young people who had attempted self‐harm. The study shows a high incidence of children from families of above average size, and from one‐parent families often with a sick or absentee father. Unemployment was high amongst fathers or breadwinners. Economic difficulties were common. Also shown is a high level of sickness in adults of the family, a high level of psychiatric morbidity in first‐degree relatives, and a relatively high occurrence of incidents of self‐harm in family members. Anti‐social behaviour was not uncommon amongst children of first‐degree relatives.Problems of management are discussed, particularly those arising since they are still of school age and, therefore, both legally and economically dependent upon their families. The consequence in terms of the calls made upon the resources of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Departments, and the need for skilled interaction with the Educational and Social Services, is emphasised.
Dual silencing of type 1 insulin-like growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptors to induce apoptosis of nasopharyngeal cancer cells
Authors: Yuan Y-L , Zhou X-H , Song Jian , Qiu X-P , Li Jun , Ye L-F 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjective:The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (type 1 IGF receptor or IGF1R) have played an important role in the growth and apoptosis of cancer. The RNA interference (RNAi) technique can suppress gene expression, but the effects of dual silencing of EGFR and type 1 IGF receptor have not been well understood.Methods:pU6-EGFR-shRNA-1, pU6-EGFR-shRNA-2, pU6-IGF1R-shRNA-1 and pU6-IGF-1R-shRNA-2 plasimd vectors were transfected to the nasopharyngeal cancer cells. Seven groups were selected for the study. The protein and downstream protein expression were assessed by Western blot. Apoptosis was determined via flow cytometry. Meanwhile, chemosensitivity of nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines transfeced to chemotherapeutic drugs were carried out by MTT.Results:In dual silencing of EGFR and IGF-1R, the protein expression much more was decreased than single silencing of EGFR or IGF-1R, but the cell apoptosis much more is increased than single silencing EGFR or IGF-1R. Dual silencing of EGFR and IGF-1R enhanced chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs, compared with single silencing of EGFR or IGF-1R.Conclusion:Dual silencing of EGFR and IGF-1R are capable of suppressing EGFR and IGF-1R expression of the nasopharyngeal cancer cell and can promote apoptosis and increase the cell sensitivity of anticancer drug. The dual silencing of genes RNAi technique is significantly better than a single gene.
No evidence of linkage between 7q33–36 locus (OTSC2) and otosclerosis in seven British Caucasian pedigrees
Authors: Alzoubi F Q , Ollier W R , Ramsden R T , Saeed S R 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:The aetiology of otosclerosis is complex, and probably involves an interaction between genes and environmental factors. Previous studies have revealed genetic linkage with a number of chromosome regions, including position 7q33–36.Aim:To confirm whether linkage exists between otosclerosis and chromosome region 7q33–36.Materials and methods:Seven multiply affected families were ascertained. Deoxyribonucleic acid from members of these families was extracted, and six markers were genotyped to cover a 16 cM region at 7q33–36. Both parametric and non-parametric multipoint linkage analyses were performed.Results:Parametric multipoint linkage analysis excluded any linkage at 7q33–36 (logarithm of odds score <−4.0). Non-parametric linkage analysis also failed to confirm any linkage (non-parametric linkage < 1.66). When tested individually, pedigree four was the only one to show a significant non-parametric linkage score between D7s684 and D7s2513 (non-parametric linkage = 1.96).Conclusion:No linkage was detected between otosclerosis and the 7q33–36 region. This could be explained by the study's lack of power, due to the limited number of families available.
Chondrosarcoma of larynx: review of literature and clinical experience
Authors: Bathala S , Berry S , Evans R A , Brodie S , Altaan O 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLaryngeal chondrosarcomas are rare, cartilaginous tumours, and around 300 cases have been reported in the literature. They are slow-growing tumours which present difficulties both in diagnosis and treatment. Most patients eventually require radical surgery. However, over the last 10 years, we have diagnosed two cases of laryngeal chondrosarcoma and managed them conservatively by endoscopic debulking and regular follow up. The objective of this article is to highlight the conservative approach in managing these patients, particularly in the presence of co-morbid conditions.