bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further Observations on the Bacteriology of Impetigo and Pemphips Neonatorum
Authors: PARKER M. T. , WILLIAMS R. E. O. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySix hundred and nine impetigo lesions were examined bacteriologically and the presence in them of certain types of Staph. aureus and of Str. pyogenes thought to be specifically associated with impetigo was determined.On the basis of the bacteriological findings, 47% of the cases were considered to be staphylococcal, 21% streptococcal and 11% mixed. No specific pathogen was isolated from 21%.Among children seen in school minor ailment clinics, staphylococcal cases predominated when impetigo was prevalent, but at all times a fifth or more of the cases were streptococcal. Cases referred to the out‐patient department of a skin hospital were, however, nearly all staphylococcal.It is probable that impetigo includes a more severe, often bullous, skin infection due to Staph. aureus Type 71, and a less severe condition associated with certain types of Str. pyogenes. Staph. aureus Type 71 was also responsible for a number of outbreaks of skin infection among newborn infants in hospital. Cases were of all degrees of severity from a mild vesicular eruption to a fully developed pemphigus neonatorum, and a few cases of generalised exfoliative dermatitis were seen.Similar cases due to Type 71 were occasionally seen in domiciliary practice, infected either from the midwife or from an older child with staphylococcal impetigo.The characteristic skin lesion caused by Staph. aureus Type 71 is an intraepidermal vesicle or bulla with little inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.
Exudative Enteropathy
Authors: DOOREN L. J. , GELDEREN H. H. van , VINK C. L. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree patients with essential hypoproteinaemia are described. In all of them, signs and symptoms suggested an intestinal lesion. In two of them a PVP test was performed and gave a pathological result. Our cases and those of others strongly support the hypothesis that many cases of unexplained hypoproteinaemia are caused by intestinal disease. The poor general condition of one of the patients led us to perform a laporotomy. Biopsies showed distinct lesions of the small intestine. A large part of the diseased small intestine was resected without benefit.In some chronic cases surgical intervention may be tried. The PVP test, as first described by Gordon, is of great diagnostic aid in such cases.
A Study of Immunoglobulins in the Blood Serum of Infants with Interstitial Plasma Cellular Pneumonia
Authors: KOLTAY M. , ILLYÉS M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe behaviour of the three immunoglobulins (gammaglobulin, or IgG, beta 2A globulin, or IgA and beta 2M globulin, or IgM) has been examined, using paper electrophoresis and immunological methods, in the blood serum of 43 infants suffering from interstitial plasma cellular pneumonia. The level of the immunoglobulins was generally found t o be decreased in those cases, where the symptoms of the disease were mild or of medium intensity, and appeared in infants between 4‐8 weeks of age, i.e. in the period of the physiological hypogammaglobulinemia.If, however, the disease caused grave symptoms and was manifested in older infants, an increase of beta 2M immunoglobulin was found to be characteristic; in some cases, the elevation of all the three immunoglobulins occurred.Our observations suggest that in interstitial plasma cellular pneumonia of infants, antibodies of the beta 2M‐type must play an important part, but that there is no direct correlation between the common antibody deficiency syndromes and the infantile interstitial plasmacellular pneumonia occurring in this country.
Malabsorption of Vitamin B12
Authors: HIPPE ERIK 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 1‐year‐old boy with a characteristic entity which was first described by Imerslund [12] and Grasbeck et al. [S] is presented. The disease manifests itself as a megaloblastic anaemia caused by a selective malabsorption of vitamin B12 from the intestinal tract. The content of acid and intrinsic factor in the gastric juice is normal. The blood picture becomes normal after parenteral administration of vitamin B12. Furthermore, the patient has persistent proteinuria. We tried to establish the aetiology of malabsorption of vitamin B12 by administering intestinal juice from normal subjects, by which procedure an increased intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 was demonstrated. This finding indicates the absence in these patients of a factor (“releasing factor”?) which is normally present in the intestinal juice and which is of importance for the absorption of vitamin B12. Our present knowledge as to the absorption of vitamin B12 is reviewed briefly, and a theory is advanced, partly founded on experiments, to the effect that vitamin B12 is normally absorbed in a peptide‐bound form.
HYPOTHALAMIC HYPERPHAGIA, OBESITY AND DISTURBED BEHAVIOUR IN ACUTE LEUKEMIA
Authors: Barak Y. , Liban E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHyperphagia with excessive weight gain and behaviour disturbances without other neurological signs appeared during a remission of acute lymphatic leukemia in a 4 year old boy. At autopsy, in addition to leukemic involvement of almost all organs, extensive infiltrations were noted in the medial hypothalamus, the meninges and in some other parts of the brain. 14 similar cases collected from the literature were reviewed. The conclusion was drawn, that the “hypothalamic syndrome” may be the only sign of extensive cerebral leukemic involvement. Its recognition may be of value in early diagnosis and correct treatment of cerebral leukemic complications.
LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES IN JUVENILE AMAUROTIC IDIOCY
Authors: Öckerman P. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe activity of several acid hydrolases was measured in tissues and plasma from patients with juvenile amaurotic idiocy (JAI). Increased activities were found for β‐galactosidase, β‐glucuronidase, β‐acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and α‐fucosidase. No significant changes were found for α‐mannosidase, except a slight decrease in plasma. The results show similarities to the findings in gargoylism and a new disease, resembling Hurler's syndrome. These two diseases are supposed to be caused by primary lysosomal enzyme defects. It is suggested that the role of the lysosomes in the pathogenesis of JAI should be studied in more detail.
THE ELECTROLYTE AND PROTEIN CONTENTS AND OUTPUTS IN DUODENAL JUICE AFTER PANCREOZYMIN AND SECRETIN STIMULATION IN NORMAL CHILDREN AND IN PATIENTS ITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS.1
Authors: ZOPPI G. , SHMERLING D. H. , GABURRO D. , PRADER A. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe total pancreatic outputs and the secretion rates of fluid volume, protein, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were studied after pancreozymin and secretin stimulation in 12 control children and in 5 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CF). Duodenal contents were collected through a double‐balloon, triple‐lumen rubber tube, thus avoiding contamination by gastric juce and distal losses. In CF patients, compared to the normal controls, decreased outputs of fluid volume, protein and electrolytes were found.Secretion rates, calculated per kg body weight and per min of fluid volume protein and electrolytes were analyzed separately for the post‐pancreozymin and the post‐secretin periods. In control children the secretion rates of sodium aad bicarbonate were higher after secretin stimulation, whereas those of protein, calcium, and magnesium were higher after pancreozymin stimulation; secretion rates of fluid volume and potassium did not show any significant difference.In CF patients the secretion rates of sodium, potassium and magnesium were more reduced after secretin whereas those of calcium and protein are more reduced after pancreozymin; the secretion rates of fluid volume and bicarbonate are similarly reduced after both hormonal stimulation.The possible role of a disturbance of the tubular and the acinar secretion of the pancreas in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis is discussed.
HYPOSENSITIZATION IN HOUSE DUST ALLERGY ASTHMA
Authors: AAS KJELL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA double‐blind controlled study of the effect of house dust hyposensitization was conducted in 93 patients allergic to house dust. The allergy diagnosis was established by bronchial provocation tests, and the degree of bronchial sensitivity to house dust extracts (bronchial threshold dose for allergen) was assessed before and after 2 1/2–3 years' injection treatment.The specific hyposensitization with two different house dust extracts was superior to placebo injections.
Evaluation of a Transcutaneous Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Monitor in a Neonatal Intensive Care Department
Authors: WIMBERLEY PETER D. , FREDERIKSEN PETER S. , WITT‐HANSEN JESS , MELBERG STEEN G. , FRIIS‐HANSEN BENT 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTTranscutaneous‐Po2; (tc‐Po2 (tc‐Pco2) at 44oC and transcutaneous‐Pco2) at 38, 42, 43 and 44oC were measured with a currently available monitoring system (TCM222, Radiometer, Copenhagen) in 64 newborn infants with severe respiratory insufficiency during the first five days of life. Tc‐Pco2 at all four temperatures correlated better with arterial blood‐Pco2 (aB‐Pco2)> than tc‐Po2 with aB‐Po2. However, the sensitivity and specificity of tc‐Po2 and tc‐Pco2 were similar with regard to maintaining aB‐Po2, and aB‐Pco2 within specified limits. Tc‐Pco2 increased relatively with increasing electrode temperature by a factor which was similar to the anaerobic temperature coefficient of Po2, in blood. The coefficient of variation of duplicate measurements was 10 % for tc‐Po2 and 5 % for tc‐Pco2. Electrode drift after an average of 3 hours patient monitoring was 2%±6% (1SD) for tc‐Pco2, and ‐3 %±6 % for tc‐Pco2‐ We conclude that tc‐Po2 and tc‐Pco2 are a valuable supplement to arterial blood gas measurements, but the variable correlation with arterial blood gas values and the electrode drifts which may occur, mean that they cannot fully replace arterial sampling.
Exchange Transfusion with Fresh Heparinized Blood is a Safe Procedure
Authors: HOVI L. , SIIMES M. A. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT1069 newborns were subjected to exchange transfusion with fresh heparinized blood in the years 1968, 1971, 1974, 1977 and 1981. There were 258 infants with Rh disease, 328 with hyperbilirubinemia with ABO incompatibility, 436 with hyperbilirubinemia without ABO incompatibility and 47 infants without hyperbilirubinemia or evidence of hemolytic disease. The total annual number of infants decreased gradually from 279 in 1968 to 130 in 1981. A total of 48 infants of the 1069 newborns died during neonatal period but the death was possibly related to exchange transfusion in four of them. There were serious complications in 14 infants during and in only five infants after the procedure. Morbidity related to exchange transfusion was the highest among newborns with serious basic disease. Using the presented bilirubin nomograms and fresh heparinized blood we have not found that the hazards of exchange transfusion would have overgone the risks of hyperbilirubinemia.
Oxygen Affinity of Haemoglobin Modulates Cerebral Blood Flow in Premature Infants A Study with the Non‐invasive Xenon‐133 Method
Authors: LIPP‐ZWAHLEN ANNA E. , MÜLLER ANITA , TUCHSCHMID PETER , DUC GABRIEL 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTIipp‐Zwahlen, A. E., Müller, A., Tuchschmid, P. and Duc, G. (Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland). Oxygen affinity of haemoglobin modulates cerebral blood flow in premature infants: a study with the non‐invasive Xe‐133 method. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360: 26, 1989.Low cerebral blood flow (CBF) is thought to cause ischaemic brain lesions in premature infants, but a normal outcome has also been observed. Low oxygen affinity of haemoglobin and high arterial oxygen content, independently, reduce CBF under normal, physiological conditions. Transfusions lower the amount of fetal haemoglobin [HbF] and therefore the oxygen affinity of premature babies. In 47 premature babies (range of gestational age 25–34 weeks, birthweight 740–1370 g), CBF was measured with the i.v. Xenon 133 method on days 1, 3 and 7. The relative amount of fetal haemoglobin [HbFj was used as a marker of oxygen affinity of haemoglobin and the haematocrit as representing the arterial oxygen content. A significant influence of [HbF] on CBF was found on days I, 3 and 7 in ultrasonographically normal babies (n = 13). In babies with subependymal and/or intraventricular haemorrhage (n = 15), this correlation was signficant only on day 3 and in those with abnormal intraparen‐chymal echodensities (n = 19) only on day 7. The correlation between haemoglobin concentration and CBF was not significant. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant influence of [HbF] on CBF independent of haematocrit, pCO2 and blood pressure. It appears that, after blood transfusion, normal babies, and to a lesser extent those with haemorrhages are able to lower their CBF according to the actual oxygen affinity of blood. However, low CBF (<10 ml/100 g/min) in non‐transfused babies was often associated with later development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia.
Bone mineral density in the cortical and trabecular distal forearm in healthy children and adolescents
Authors: Gunnes M 
Published: January 2008

Gunnes M. Bone mineral density in the cortical and trabecular distal forearm in healthy children and adolescents. Acta Pædiatr 1994;83:463–7. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Bone mineral density in cortical (BMDd) and trabecular parts (BMDud) of the distal forearm was studied in 494 healthy subjects ranging from 8 to 17 years with single photon absorptiometry. Mean BMDd was 6.8% higher (p < 0.0001) in boys than in girls in the < 11 years age group (n= 163). Mean BMDud was 8.2% higher (p < 0.0001) in boys than in girls in the adolescent age group (<11 years, n= 331). While BMDd increased from 11 years of age in girls and was delayed by 2 years in boys, BMDud increased from 10 years of age in boys and was delayed by 1 year in girls. By multiple regression analysis, age, weight and height were variably related to bone density depending on measuring site, sex and age. At 14 years of age, postmenarcheal girls had obtained BMDud values similar to those of an adult premenopausal group. Cortical bone density in girls was very close to corresponding BMDd values of the adult premenopausal group at 16 years of age. In conclusion, this cross‐sectional study indicates sex and age variability in forearm bone mineralization at trabecular and cortical sites. The substantial mineralization taking place between 11 and 16 years of age, with achievement of adult premenopausal bone density values, makes this 5–year period crucial for bone development.
Contact allergy in relation to hand eczema and atopic diseases in north Norwegian schoolchildren
Authors: Dotterud LK , Falk ES 
Published: January 2008

Dotterud LK, Falk ES. Contact allergy in relation to hand eczema and atopic diseases in north Norwegian schoolchildren. Acta Psediatr 1995;84:402–6. Stockholm. ISSN 0803–5253Patch testing was carried out in 424 schoolchildren (223M, 201F), aged 7–12 years, in northern Norway. In 99 (23.3%) of these children, one or more allergic patch test reactions were demonstrated; 30 children reacted to two and 6 to three or more substances; 53 irritant reactions were recorded in 33 (7.8%) of those tested. From a total of 144 positive tests, the most common allergen was nickel (14.9%), followed by cobalt (5.7%), kathon CG (5.2%), lanolin (1.7%) and neomycin (1.4%). Both allergic and irritant reactions were found twice as frequently in girls as in boys. Positive patch tests were significantly more frequent in atopic (28.8%) than in non–atopic (17.9%) children, being most pronounced in atopic girls (37.4%). Hand eczema was reported to have occurred or to be present in 6.5% of cases. Twenty–nine of 36 children reporting hand eczema participated in the clinical examination. Altogether 15 (3.5%) children had hand eczema at the time of the clinical examination but 12 of these children had no previous history of hand eczema. In 14 of these 15 subjects, the eczema was localized to the back of the hands, with 13 having atopic dermatitis. In 4 of these 15 children, an allergic patch test reaction was found; however, in only 2 of these 4 was the test considered to be clinically relevant for the diagnosis allergic hand eczema. In conclusion, irritant hand eczema may occur in early childhood and is most prevalent in children with atopic dermatitis
Reproducibility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Assay
Authors: Perry Sharon , Sanchez Luz , Yang Shufang , Agarwal Zubin , Hurst Philip , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Studies are needed to characterize the reproducibility of QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) for targeted U.S. screening populations. Members of northern California households were tested with the QFT-G in-tube assay (QFT-G-IT) at two home visits 3 months apart. Reproducibility and agreement with the tuberculin skin test (TST) were assessed. Monte Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the role of test-related error. Of 63 individuals (49 adults and 14 children) completing QFT-G-IT at both time points, 79% were foreign-born (98% from Latin America) and 68% reported
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG vaccination. At the baseline visit, 23 (37%) were TST positive and 15 (24%) were QFT-G-IT positive (κ = 0.48 [± 0.11]). At 3 months, 3/48 (6.3%; 95% confidence interval [95CI], 2 to 17) of those initially QFT-G-IT negative converted, and 5/15 (33%; 95CI, 15 to 58) of those initially QFT-G-IT positive reverted. Among the 8 individuals with inconsistent QFT-G-IT results, the maximum gamma interferon response at either visit was 0.68 IU/ml versus means of 4.99 (± 3.74) and 6.95 (± 5.6) for 10 persistent positives at the first and second visits, respectively. Expected false-reversion and -conversion rates were 32% (90CI, 25 to 39%) and 6.95% (90CI, 4.6 to 9.8%) when the sensitivity and specificity were assumed to average 70% and 98%, respectively. Transient responses to QFT-G-IT are common, and low positive results need to be interpreted with caution. Further studies are needed to characterize the predictive value of the test for U.S. foreign-born and other targeted screening populations.
Rational Combination of Peptides Derived from Different
Mycobacterium leprae
Proteins Improves Sensitivity for Immunodiagnosis of
M. leprae
Infection
Authors: Geluk Annemieke , van der Ploeg Jolien , Teles Rose O. B. , Franken Kees L. M. C. , Prins Corine , Drijfhout Jan Wouter , Sarno Euzenir N. , Sampaio Elizabeth P. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

The stable incidence of new leprosy cases suggests that transmission of infection is continuing despite the worldwide implementation of multidrug therapy programs. Highly specific tools are required to accurately diagnose asymptomatic and early stage
Mycobacterium leprae
infections which are the likely sources of transmission and cannot be identified by using the detection of antibodies against phenolic glycolipid I. One of the hurdles hampering T-cell-based diagnostic tests is that
M. leprae
antigens cross-react at the T-cell level with antigens present in other mycobacteria, like
M. tuberculosis
or
M. bovis
bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Using comparative genomics, we previously identified five candidate proteins highly restricted to
M. leprae
which showed promising features with respect to application in leprosy diagnostics. However, despite the lack of overall sequence homology, the use of recombinant proteins includes the risk of detecting T-cell responses that are cross-reactive with other antigens. To improve the diagnostic potential of these
M. leprae
sequences, we used 50 synthetic peptides spanning the sequences of all five proteins for the induction of T-cell responses (gamma interferon) in leprosy patients, healthy household contacts (HHC) of leprosy patients, and healthy controls in Brazil, as well as in tuberculosis patients, BCG vaccinees, and healthy subjects from an area of nonendemicity. Using the combined T-cell responses toward four of these peptides, all paucibacillary patients and 13 out of 14 HHC were detected without compromising specificity. The peptides contain HLA binding motifs for various HLA class I and II alleles, thereby meeting an important requirement for the applicability of diagnostic tools in genetically diverse populations. Thus, this study provides the first evidence for the possibility of immunodiagnostics for leprosy based on mixtures of peptides recognized in the context of different HLA alleles.
Increasing Prevalence of Toxin A-Negative, Toxin B-Positive Isolates of
Clostridium difficile
in Korea: Impact on Laboratory Diagnosis
Authors: Kim Heejung , Riley Thomas V. , Kim Myungsook , Kim Chang Ki , Yong Dongeun , Lee Kyungwon , Chong Yunsop , Park Jong-Woo 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT

Of 462 Korean
Clostridium difficile
isolates, 77.5% were toxin B positive but 21.4% were toxin A negative (A
−
B
+
). The binary toxin gene was detected in nine isolates. A higher fluoroquinolone resistance of A
−
B
+
strains may contribute to the increase of these strains. Toxin A detection alone may underdiagnose
C. difficile
-associated disease.
Genetic Evolution of Swine Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses in China from 1970 to 2006
Authors: Yu Hai , Hua Rong-Hong , Zhang Qiang , Liu Tian-Qiang , Liu Hui-Li , Li Guo-Xin , Tong Guang-Zhi 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT
Pigs are susceptible to both human and avian influenza viruses and have been proposed to be intermediate hosts, or mixing vessels, for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses through reassortment or adaptation to the mammalian host. In this study, we summarize and report for the first time the coexistence of wholly human-like H3N2 viruses, double-reassortant H3N2 viruses, and triple-reassortant H3N2 viruses in pigs in China by analyzing the eight genes of swine influenza A (H3N2) viruses found in China from 1970 to 2006. In 1970, the first wholly human-like H3N2 (Hong Kong/68-like) viruses were isolated from pigs in Taiwan, and then in the next years Victoria/75-like, Sydney/97-like, New York/99-like, and Moscow/99-like swine H3N2 viruses were regularly isolated in China. In the 1980s, two triple-reassortant viruses were isolated from pigs. Recently, the double-reassortant viruses containing genes from the human (HA and NA) and avian (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) lineages and the triple-reassortant viruses containing genes from the human (HA and NA), classical swine (NP), and avian (PB2, PB1, PA, M, and NS) lineages emerged in pigs in China. The coexistence of wholly human-like and reassortant viruses provides further evidence that pigs serve as intermediate hosts, or mixing vessels, and emphasizes the importance of reinforcing swine influenza virus surveillance in China.