bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At the Intersection of Faith and Life: A Narrative Approach to the Faith of Church Employees
Authors: Niemelä Kati 
Published: June 2007

English The author examines the status of faith among Church employees in Finland using a narrative research approach. In such an approach the basis of analysis lies in the meanings of the chain of events. In this study the aim is to explore the core narrative of an individual's faith. The core narratives are seen as the framework for a person's faith, from the perspective from which one deals with issues of religion and faith. The study is based on 21 in-depth interviews conducted among Church employees in Finland. The interviewees were clergy, deacons or youth workers. In the analysis six different core narratives were identified. Each of them represents a different overall stance to faith, which rests on different sources of religious authority. The interviewees were also asked to fill in a questionnaire. This enables us to compare the results of the narrative approach to the results of a quantitative study conducted among Church employees (N = 792). French L’auteure examine le statut de la foi parmi les employés de l’église en Finlande, en utilisant une approche narrative. Dans une telle approche, les fondements de l’analyse reposent sur les significations de la chane d’évènements. Dans cette étude, l’objectif est d’explorer le récit principal relatif à la foi d’un individu. Les récits principaux sont considérés comme des cadres de la foi des personnes, perspective à partir de laquelle une personne traite des questions de la religion et de la foi. Cette étude est basée sur 21 interviews approfondies menées parmi des employés de l’église en Finlande. Les interviewés comprennent des personnes du clergé, du diaconat ou des animateurs de jeunes. Dans cette analyse, six récits principaux différents ont été identifiés. Chacun représente une position générale différente par rapport à la foi, qui repose sur différentes sources d’autorité religieuse. Les interviewés ont également été priés de compléter un questionnaire. Ceci permet de comparer les résultats de l’approche narrative aux résultats de l’étude quantitative menée parmi les employés de l’église (N = 792).
Pentecôtisme et modernité urbaine: Entre déterritorialisation des identités et réinvestissement symbolique de l'espace urbain
Authors: Fer Yannick 
Published: June 2007

English Pentecostalism appears to be a religion of mobility, with an affinity for contemporary urban life, but the city is more often described by Pentecostal preachers as ``inhuman'', under demoniac influence. This representation of the city as the place of spiritual warfare for liberation, which is spread by the ``third Pentecostal wave'', leads to a symbolic reinvestment of territories, while believers tend to become independent of any territorial belonging through a personal conversion and voluntary religious involvement. The street is the very place on which these two contradictory foci of the Pentecostal mission can converge: a focus on individuals experiencing mobility; and a focus on the urban territory seen as a spiritual entity influencing the destiny of its dwellers. There is a deep affinity between the evangelization of the streets, frequently led by independent ``prophets'', and the Pentecostal paradigm based on an institutional ``invisible'' mediation and on the conviction that the true church should not remain inside the walls of the church. French Si le pentecotisme apparait comme une religion de la mobilité en affinité avec la sociabilité urbaine contemporaine, la ville est plus souvent présentée par les pré- dicateurs pentecotistes comme ‘‘inhumaine’’, sous emprise démoniaque. Cette représentation de la ville comme lieu d’un combat spirituel de libération, diffusée par la ‘‘troisième vague’’ pentecotiste, aboutitè un réinvestissement symbolique des territoires, alors měme que les croyants tendentè s’en émanciper, par la conversion personnelle et des engagements religieux affinitaires. La rue est le lieu où ces deux axes contradictoires de la mission pentecotiste peuvent converger: l’un tourné vers des individus en mobilité; l’autre vers le territoire urbain perç u comme une entité spirituelle influenç ant le destin de ses habitants. L’évangélisation des rues, fréquemment conduite par des ‘‘prophètes’’ indépendants, cultive des affinités profondes avec le paradigme pentecotiste fondé sur une médiation institutionnelle ‘‘invisible’’ et l’idée que la véritable é glise ne peut demeurer entre les murs de l’église.
Gender and Religious Orientation
Authors: Flere Sergej 
Published: June 2007

English Gender has been proven to be a substantial indicator of differences with respect to religiosity within Christianity. Females are always more frequently and intensively religious in comparison to males (Francis, 1997). The question of whether this holds for other religions remains unanswered. In this study we focus on university students in Catholic, Christian Orthodox and Muslim environments of Central Europe and in an American, predominantly Protestant environment. Religiosity is studied by differentiating between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity (Allport and Ross, 1967). If it were found that females are more social-extrinsic religious, one couldspeak of a sociological, instrumental and situational religiosity among females. On the contrary, one is closer to speaking of an immanent difference between the genders. Sociological (with the exception of socialization) and Freudian explanations are not confirmed. Psychological explanations, which include anxiety, authoritarianism and femininity (Bem,1981) are good at explaining the differences in religiosity between the genders. French Le genre s’est révélé ětre un indicateur de séparation et de distinction à l’égard de la religion au sein du christianisme. Comparées aux hommes, les femmes sont toujours plus fréquemment et plus intensément religieuses (Francis, 1997). La validité de cette remarque pour ce qui concerne les autres religions reste à établir. Dans cette recherche, nous nous focalisons sur les étudiants d’université dans les milieux catholique, orthodoxe et musulman de l’Europe Centrale, ainsi qu’au sein de l’environnement protestant aux é tats-Unis. La religiosité est étudiée en différenciant la religiosité intrinsèque et la religiosité extrinsèque, en référence à l’approche d’Allport et Ross (1967). S’il s’avère que les femmes sont plus religieuses extrinsèquement et socialement, par comparaison aux hommes, on pourra évoquer une religiosité instrumentale, situationnelle et de caractère sociologique chez les femmes (c’est la position sociale qui est responsable de la différence). Dans le cas contraire, on pourra parler d’une différence immanente entre la religiosité des femmes et des hommes. Les hypothèses de type sociologique (à l’exception de la socialisation) et les explications freudiennes n’ont pas été confirmées. C’est la religiosité psychologique extrinsèque à l’égard de laquelle les différences entre les sexes sont les plus significatives. Des explications psychologiques invoquant anxiété, autoritarisme et féminité (Bem, 1981) sont opérantes pour expliquer les différences de religiosité liées au genre.
Laîcité religieuse, antireligieuse, a-religieuse: L'évolution de l'école française entre 1880 et 1918
Authors: Terral Hervé 
Published: June 2007

English France is currently celebrating the 100th anniversary of the passing of the Act of Separation between the Churches and the State (9 December 1905) and a particular committee was created in 2003 in order to reflect on the implementation of the principle of ``laîcité''. These two facts have jointly initiated a reconsideration of the past. The period between 1880 and 1914, with its numerous debates that ended up in more or less pronounced consensus, is a key one to better understand the current events. Indeed, through a close reading of the texts one can identify several interpretations of ``laîcité'', which are still underlying today's discussions with a different background: a ``laîcité'' which is stamped with a religious spirit, another anticlerical, or perhaps even antireligious, one, and finally an a-religious one. The upholders of each interpretation have endeavoured to answer, in their own way, to meet the human requirements of an ideal, irrespective of the period considered. French Le centenaire de la loi du 9 décembre 1905 sur la séparation des é glises et de l’état en France, tout comme la réflexion d’une commission spécifique sur l’application du principe de laîcité (2003) ont réactivé un retour sur le passé. La période 1880–1914 avec ses nombreux débats débouchant sur des consensus plus ou moins affirmés est essentielle pour une meilleure compréhension des événements actuels. On peut en effet, à travers une lecture attentive des textes, relever plusieurs interprétations de la laîcité, toujours présentes aujourd’hui en filigrane dans un autre contexte: une laïcité empreinte d’esprit religieux, une laîcité anticléricale, voire antireligieuse, une laîcité a-religieuse. Chacune d’elles s’est efforcée de répondre, à sa façon, à une demande tout humaine d’idéal, transcendant les époques.
Stark and Finke or Durkheim on Conversion and (Re-)Affiliation: An Outline of a Structural Functionalist Rebuttal to Stark and Finke
Authors: Hak Durk 
Published: June 2007

English In this article, a theory based on a structural functionalist scientific research programme (Lakatos) is constructed. Conversion and re-affiliation are seen as transgressions of universal societal norms. It appears that a structural functionalist theory on conversion and (re-)affiliation is at least as good as the recent one put forward by Stark and Finke, which was based on economic principles. The propositions that are derived from the theory and are developed here are supported empirically. Then, the theory is extended to incorporate political spheres, as well as other social domains. Brief overviews of both Stark and Bainbridge's and Stark and Finke's theories on religion precede the elaboration of the proposed theory. French Dans cet article, une théorie fondée sur un programme de recherche scienti- fique structuro-fonctionaliste (Lakatos) est construite. La conversion et la (ré-)affiliation sont considérées comme des transgressions de normes sociétales universelles. Il apparait qu'une théorie structuro-fonctionaliste sur la conversion et la (ré-)affiliation est au moins aussi bonne qu'une théorie plus récente proposée par Stark et Finke, basée sur des principes économiques. Les propositions dérivant de la théorie et qui sont développées ici sont soutenues empiriquement. La théorie est ensuite élargie, de manière à intégrer la sphère politique, aussi bien que d'autres domaines sociaux. Un bref panorama des théories sur la religion de Stark et Bainbridge, et de Stark et Finke précède l'élaboration de la théorie proposée.
Pour une perspective concentrique du catholicisme brésilien
Authors: Reesink Mísia Lins 
Published: June 2007

English Use of the word ``popular'' attached to the term ``religion'' or ``Catholicism'' is quite current in the area of the social sciences. Those terms tend to introduce a dichotomy in the field of religion. Despite all the warnings and recognition of the fact that it is a problematic epithet, most researchers still use it. Yet, and in opposition to that position, this work intends to show that a dichotomic view of Brazilian Catholicism fails to grasp all its dynamics and the tension between its plurality and its universality. Based on ethnographic experience among Catholics of the Casa Amarela neighbourhood (Recife-Brazil), and in establishing a dialogue with the literature produced on this subject, we herein propose a model of comprehension that aims to go beyond the usual dichotomic approach to this religion. This is done on the basis of an outlook wherein Brazilian Catholicism is seen as a concentric Catholicism. French L’utilisation du mot ‘‘populaire’’ accolé au terme ‘‘religion’’ ou ‘‘catholicisme’’ est très courante dans le domaine des sciences sociales. Ces termes introduisent ainsi une dichotomie dans le champ religieux. En dépit de toutes les mises en garde et de la reconnaissance du fait qu’il s’agit d’un épithète problématique, la plupart des chercheurs l’utilisent encore. Cependant, et à l’encontre de cette position, ce travail entend démontrer qu’une perspective dichotomique du catholicisme brésilien ne rend pas compte de toute sa dynamique et de la tension entre sa pluralité et son universalité. À partir d’une expérience ethnographique chez les catholiques du quartier de Casa Amarela (Recife-Brésil) et en établissant un dialogue avec la littérature produite sur ce sujet, est ici proposé un modèle de compréhension envisageant de dépasser l’habituelle approche dichotomique de cette religion. Cela est réalisé à partir de l’élaboration d’une perspective où le catholicisme brésilien se veut un catholicisme concentrique.
Risk for Secondary Thyroid Carcinoma After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: An EBMT Late Effects Working Party Study
Authors: Cohen Amnon , Rovelli Attilio , Merlo Domenico Franco , van Lint Maria Teresa , Lanino Edoardo , Bresters Dorine , Ceppi Marcello , Bocchini Vittorio , Tichelli André , Socié Gerard 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe effects of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) on thyroid carcinogenesis needs to be determined in a large population. This study evaluates the incidence and the risk factors contributing to secondary thyroid carcinoma (STC) in patients who receive transplantation.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective investigational study, comparing data obtained by means of a two-step questionnaire from the 166 centers who replied, and data reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) registry on their transplantation activity. During the follow-up period (1985 to 2003), 32 instances of STC were found within the EBMT cohort of 68,936 patients who received transplants. These patients were then compared with age- and sex-specific incidence rates in the European population and risk factors for STC were analyzed.ResultsThe standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of STC in the population who underwent transplantation was 3.26, in comparison with the European population. Multivariate analysis revealed that young age at transplantation was the strongest risk factor for STC (relative risk [RR], 24.61 for age 0 to 10 years; RR, 4.80 for age 11 to 20). Other risk factors were irradiation (RR, 3.44), female sex (RR, 2.79), and chronic graft-versus-host disease (RR, 2.94). Nine patients showed no clinical signs of thyroid illness at diagnosis. Total thyroidectomy and iodine ablation was the standard treatment for the majority of patients, and only one patient died due to STC progression.ConclusionLong-term survivors of HSCT are at risk for STCs. These results should promote efforts in screening for early detection and treatment guidelines of secondary thyroid cancer after HSCT, especially in patients who receive transplants during childhood and adolescence.
Phase II Study: Integrated Palliative Care in Newly Diagnosed Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Temel Jennifer S. , Jackson Vicki A. , Billings J. Andrew , Dahlin Constance , Block Susan D. , Buss Mary K. , Ostler Patricia , Fidias Panos , Muzikansky Alona , Greer Joseph A. , Pirl William F. , Lynch Thomas J. 
Published: June 2007

Purpose To assess the feasibility of early palliative care in the ambulatory setting in patients with newly diagnosed advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Patients were eligible if they had a performance status of 0 to 1 and were within 8 weeks of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. Participants received integrated care from oncology and palliative care throughout the course of their disease. Participants were scheduled to meet with the palliative care team (PCT) and complete quality-of–life (QOL) and mood questionnaires monthly for 6 months. The study was deemed feasible if 64% of patients completed at least 50% of their scheduled visits and QOL assessments. Results Fifty-one patients were enrolled onto the trial. One died within 72 hours and was not assessable. Ninety percent (95% CI, 0.78 to 0.96) of study participants complied with at least 50% of the palliative care visits. Eight-six percent (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.94) of the participants met the full feasibility requirements by both meeting with the PCT and completing QOL assessments at least 50% of the time. QOL and mood analyses confirmed the high symptom burden in patients with newly diagnosed advanced NSCLC. At least 50% of participants experienced some degree of shortness of breath, cough, difficulty breathing, appetite loss, weight loss, or unclear thinking at their baseline assessment. More than one third of patients had a probable mood disorder at baseline. Conclusion Integrated palliative and oncology care is feasible in ambulatory patients with advanced NSCLC.
Exceptional longevity in songbirds is associated with high rates of evolution of cytochromeb, suggesting selection for reduced generation of free radicals
Authors: Rottenberg Hagai 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARYIn animals, longevity (maximal lifespan) is inversely related to mass-specific basal metabolic rates. However, contrary to expectation, in several mammalian taxa, exceptional longevity is associated with high basal metabolic rate, and also fast evolution of mtDNA-coded proteins. The association of these traits was suggested to result from adaptive selection of mutations in mtDNA-coded proteins, which accelerates basal respiration, thus inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species that constrain longevity. In birds, all the genera with high rate of cytochrome b evolution are songbirds (oscines). Within the songbirds group, both longevity residuals and lifetime expenditure of energy are positively correlated with the rate of cytochrome b evolution. Moreover, within the large songbirds family Fringillidae (true finches) mass-specific basal metabolic rates, longevity,longevity residuals and lifetime expenditure of energy are all positively correlated with the rate of evolution of cytochrome b. In Serinus, a genus of finches (canaries) that exhibits the highest rate of cytochrome b evolution, and the highest values of exceptional longevity and lifetime expenditure of energy in all birds, many of the substitutions in cytochrome b are clustered around Qi, a ubiquinone binding site adjacent to the mitochondrial matrix, apparently selected to increase the rate of ubiquinone reduction. We therefore suggest that, in songbirds, the accelerated evolution of cytochrome binvolved selection of mutations that reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, thus contributing to the evolution of exceptional longevity, and possibly also exceptional long-term memory, which is necessary for learning songs.
Oxidation rate and turnover of ingested sugar in hovering Anna's(Calypte anna) and rufous (Selasphorus rufus)hummingbirds
Authors: Welch Kenneth C. , Suarez Raul K. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY
Hummingbirds obtain most of their dietary calories from floral nectar ingested during hovering flight. Despite the importance of dietary sugar to hummingbird metabolism, the turnover of newly ingested carbon in the pool of actively metabolized substrates has not been adequately characterized in hovering hummingbirds. By combining respirometry with stable carbon isotope analysis of respired breath, we show that in rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Anna's (Calypte anna) hummingbirds at high foraging frequencies, utilization of newly ingested sugars increased over a period of 30–45 min until it accounted for virtually 100% of the fuel oxidized. This newly ingested sugar disappears from the actively metabolized pool of substrates over a similar time course. These results demonstrate that turnover of carbon in the pool of actively metabolized substrates is rapid; carbon from ingested sucrose is available for oxidation for 30–45 min before being cleared. By monitoring expired CO2 for the appearance and disappearance of the signature characteristic of newly ingested sugar and then calculating energy budgets using video recordings of hummingbird activity, we estimated the proportion of recently ingested sugar used to fuel ongoing metabolism as well as the proportion devoted to energy storage. Consistent differences between species in the percentage of ingested cane sugar oxidized during the 2 h experimental periods suggest that individuals of each species adopted energy intake patterns appropriate to their needs. This approach provides a means by which to examine the partitioning of dietary carbon intake between energy expenditure and storage using non-invasive, field-compatible techniques.
Oxygen consumption rates in hovering hummingbirds reflect substrate-dependent differences in P/O ratios: carbohydrate as a `premium fuel'
Authors: Welch Kenneth C. , Altshuler Douglas L. , Suarez Raul K. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY
The stoichiometric relationship of ATP production to oxygen consumption,i.e. the P/O ratio, varies depending on the nature of the metabolic substrate used. The latest estimates reveal a P/O ratio approximately 15% higher when glucose is oxidized compared with fatty acid oxidation. Because the energy required to produce aerodynamic lift for hovering is independent of the metabolic fuel oxidized, we hypothesized that the rate of oxygen consumption, V̇O2, should decline as the respiratory quotient, RQ(V̇CO2/V̇O2),increases from 0.71 to 1.0 as hummingbirds transition from a fasted to a fed state. Here, we show that hovering V̇O2 values in rufous (Selasphorus rufus) and Anna's hummingbirds (Calypte anna) are significantly greater when fats are metabolized (RQ=0.71) than when carbohydrates are used (RQ=1.0). Because hummingbirds gained mass during our experiments, making mass a confounding variable, we estimated V̇O2 per unit mechanical power output. Expressed in this way, the difference in V̇O2 when hummingbirds display an RQ=0.71 (fasted) and an RQ=1.0 (fed) is between 16 and 18%, depending on whether zero or perfect elastic energy storage is assumed. These values closely match theoretical expectations, indicating that a combination of mechanical power estimates and `indirect calorimetry', i.e. the measurement of rates of gas exchange, enables precise estimates of ATP turnover and metabolic flux rates in vivo. The requirement for less oxygen when oxidizing carbohydrate suggests that carbohydrate oxidation may facilitate hovering flight in hummingbirds at high altitude.