bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Dielectric Loss Maxima of Anion Doped NaCl Crystals with Concentration Dependent Maximum Temperatures
Authors: Kessler A. , Mariani E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCertain relaxation maxima are investigated in anion doped NaCl crystals. The temperature of these maxima is found to be dependent on the anion content. The conductivity of these crystals at the maximum temperature is measured and found to have a constant value. It is shown that the observations fit into the pattern expected from interfacial polarization.
Modifications of the Domain Structure of Barium Ferrite Single Crystals under the Influence of a Magnetic Field (II)
Authors: Rosenberg M. , Tănăsoiu C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe modifications of the domain structure of barium ferrite single crystals in magnetic fields directed parallel to the hexagonal axis are investigated. Planimetry of the areas of domains of opposite polarity on the hexagonal plane gives an estimate of the relative magnetization of the samples for values of the field up to about 4000 Oe.In fields up to 1500–2000 Oe the magnetization occurs by displacement of the Bloch walls without any appreciable variation of the total surface of the walls. In higher fields, the disparity of inverse domains and the appearance of small radial cylindrical inverse domains is observed.
Optical Absorption of Cu‐Centers in Alkali Halides
Authors: Krätzig E. , Timusk T. , Martienssen W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt is shown from optical absorption measurements that under X‐ray irradiation at low temperatures Cu+ ions in Cu‐doped KCl, KBr, and KI crystals trap electrons and holes. During this process Cu+ and Cu++ centers are formed, which may be compared with Ag++ and Ag++ centers in alkali halides. In the case of the Cu++ centers the symmetry of the surrounding halogen ions is lowered by a Jahn‐Teller distortion. This distortion, however, is different from that of the Ag++ centers studied by Delbecq, Hayes, O'Brien, and Yuster [9].
Light Scattering near Displacive Phase Transitions Close in Temperature
Authors: Dos Reis F. G. , Luzzi R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA discussion of inelastic light scattering by lattice vibrations associated with unstable modes responsible for the occurrence of displacive phase transitions in solids is presented. An extension of Landau's average field theory of phase transitions, as proposed by Levanyuk and Sannikov, is used to derive the temperature dependence of the eigenfrequencies and of the scattered light intensities.
Electron Ordering in Cs2SbCl6 Crystals
Authors: Ionov S. P. , Ionova G. V. , Makarov E. F. , Yu. Aleksandrov A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBelow Tc = 77 °K two kinds of Sb complexes exist (SbCl3−6‐and SbCl1−6) in Cs2SbCl6 crystals. Above this temperature the electron pairs begin to delocalize. This phenomenon is investigated on the basis of an Hamiltonian that incorporates the intra‐site and inter‐site interactions. It is found that, within a Hartree approximation that treats both the electron correlations (intra‐site and inter‐site ones), the low‐temperature state is insulating. It is characterized by a charge‐density wave in which alternate complexes are doubly occupied. This chargeordered state has the lattice distortion that doubles the primitive cell. The high‐temperature disordered state is insulating too. In this case the energy gap is caused by a statistical distribution of electron pairs. Apparently the high‐temperature paramagnetic state cannot be reached when the electron pairs decouple as the compound decomposes or converts into another chemical modification.
Polaritons and Phonon Assignment in Orthorhombic KNbO3 Investigated by Light Scattering
Authors: Winter F. X. , Wiesendanger E. , Claus R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhonon spectra for the principal directions of orthorhombic KNbO3 have been recorded by Raman scattering using right angle and back scattering techniques. Assignments of all A1 and A2 modes are given and those of B1 and B2 modes discussed. Polariton spectra concerning the A1 and B1 species recorded by near forward scattering made the assignment of longitudinal B1 modes possible which were not observed in the phonon spectra. The upper photon‐like B1 polariton branch has been observed using a photographical arrangement. A comparison is made of the dielectric constants obtained from the phonon frequencies using the Lyddane‐Sachs‐Teller relation with data from the literature.
Self‐Diffusion Measurements in Silver at Low Temperatures Using Single Crystals and Slightly Deformed Crystals
Authors: Backus J. G. E. M. , Bakker H. , Mehrer H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBy means of a chemical peeling technique tracer self‐diffusion measurements have been performed in silver single crystals in the temperature range of 350 to 580 °C. The influence of plastic deformation on the diffusion coefficient was investigated a t 436 °C and proved to be considerable. An analysis of the data, obtained from undeformed crystals, in terms of a mono‐ and divacancy contribution has been made to explain the curvature in the plot of In D versus 1/T. Values for the diffusion parameters obtained in this way are in close agreement with those of Lam et al.
Magneto‐Optic Studies of Donor Excitation Spectra in CdTe
Authors: Wagner R. J. , McCombe B. D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMagneto‐transmission and magneto‐photoconductivity excitation spectra of the hydrogenic impurity in CdTe have been studied. These results yield information concerning the correspondence between low magnetic field (nlm) and high magnetic field (NHL) levels. Splitting of the 2p (m = ± 1) states suggests Stark effects on the hydrogenic centers.
Response of the stratosphere to interannual variability of tropospheric planetary waves
Authors: Scaife A. A. , James I. N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA primitive‐equation global model of the middle atmosphere is used to investigate the response of the extratropical stratosphere to different levels of wave forcing from steady perturbations of the geopotential height near the tropopause. The response of the stratosphere is compared to that in quasi‐geostrophic beta‐plane models used in previous studies.The primitive‐equation model exhibits three flow regimes under perpetual‐January conditions: strong westerly, steady flow for small wave‐amplitude forcing, strong westerly but unsteady flow for moderate wave‐amplitude forcing and oscillations between easterly and westerly flow for large wave‐amplitude forcing. The regimes for low and high forcing are analogous to solutions of the simpler Holton‐Mass (HM) quasi‐geostrophic model. The moderate‐forcing regime does not occur in the HM model and it is attributed to instability of the strongly sheared flow generated by planetary waves in the upper stratosphere. We also show how the observed patterns of interannual variability in the winter stratosphere can be explained in terms of these three flow regimes: in the northern hemisphere the flow often enters the high‐forcing regime, where variations in conditions in the early‐winter flow or quasi‐steady upper‐tropospheric planetary‐wave amplitudes make similar contributions to the interannual variability in the stratospheric circulation. For the southern hemisphere, we suggest that the flow alternates between the low‐ and moderate‐forcing regimes through year‐to‐year changes in the amplitude of quasi‐steady waves near the tropopause. This mechanism produces large enough changes to explain the interannual variability in the southern stratosphere.
A system dynamics approach to the structure and economy of fur farming and trading
Authors: Davidsen Pål I. , Asheim Leif Jarle 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article explains the expansion and contraction of Norwegian mink production in an expanding market as a consequence of pelt price and mink fanning costs. The explanation is based upon a Bayesian approach to estimating the farmers' loan fraction, their response to profitability, and a few delays in economic perception and capacity adjustments.This model is the first in a series being developed to portray national and international fur production and markets. In addition to reflecting Norwegian mink production, the model may be considered generic for international fur production.
Nonserotonergic projection neurons in the midbrain raphe nuclei contain the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3
Authors: Jackson Jesse , Bland Brian H. , Antle Michael C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe brainstem raphe nuclei are typically assigned a role in serotonergic brain function. However, numerous studies have reported that a large proportion of raphe projection cells are nonserotonergic. The identity of these projection cells is unknown. Recent studies have reported that the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 is found in both serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons in both the median raphe (MR) and dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei. We injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B into either the dorsal hippocampus or the medial septum (MS) and used triple labeled immunofluorescence to determine if nonserotonergic raphe cells projecting to these structures contained VGLUT3. Consistent with previous studies, only about half of retrogradely labeled MR neurons projecting to the hippocampus contained serotonin, whereas a majority of the retrogradely labeled nonserotonergic cells contained VGLUT3. Similar patterns were observed for MR cells projecting to the MS. About half of retrogradely labeled nonserotonergic neurons in the DR contained VGLUT3. Additionally, a large number of retrogradely labeled cells in the caudal linear and interpeduncular nuclei projecting to the MS were found to contain VGLUT3. These data suggest the enigmatic nonserotonergic projection from the MR to forebrain regions may be glutamatergic. In addition, these results demonstrate a dissociation between glutamatergic and serotonergic MR afferent inputs to the MS and hippocampus suggesting divergent and/or complementary roles of these pathways in modulating cellular activity within the septohippocampal network. Synapse 63: 31–41, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)‐further validation including a confirmatory factor analysis and a comparison with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia
Authors: Wicksell Rikard K. , Olsson Gunnar L. , Melin Lennart 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTAcceptance of pain and distress has lately appeared as an important factor in determining peoples’ ability to restore functioning in the presence of chronic pain. Although treatments based on cognitive behaviour therapy are beginning to incorporate acceptance strategies, there is still a lack of reliable and valid instruments to assess relevant processes in such interventions. The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) was originally constructed as part of the development of an acceptance oriented treatment approach for pain patients. A revised 20‐item version of the instrument with two subscales has shown adequate reliability and validity. In the present study, a Swedish translation of CPAQ was evaluated with 611 participants reporting chronic pain and symptoms of whiplash associated disorders. This study sought to further assess the psychometric properties of the instrument and to investigate its relation to another important measure of pain adjustment, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Due to low intercorrelations with other items, item 16 was excluded. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the previously suggested two‐factor solution. Furthermore, the internal consistencies were good for the subscales (activities engagement and pain willingness) as well as the total scale. Hierarchical regression analyses illustrated strong relations with criteria variables (e.g. disability and life satisfaction). In general, the activities engagement subscale contributed more than pain willingness to the prediction of criteria variables. Furthermore, results illustrated that CPAQ explained more variance than the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia in pain intensity, disability, life satisfaction, and depression.
Low cost digital endoscopic photography
Authors: Barr G D 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIntroduction:Endoscopic digital photography usually involves expensive and often cumbersome equipment.Aim:This study aimed to construct a low cost adaptor with which to connect a budget-priced digital camera to a nasal endoscope, in order to enable inexpensive, good quality otology photography.Method:A method of making an adaptor from a simple plastic bottle top is described, and the photographic technique is outlined.Results:The adaptor fitted well with commonly used endoscopes, and excellent results were obtained.Conclusion:High quality digital endoscopic photographs can be obtained using a low cost compact digital camera fitted with a simple adaptor made from a plastic bottle top. Such a method would make digital photography via a rigid endoscope easily affordable worldwide.
Thyroid surgery: the sub-mental drain
Authors: Dhar V , Townsley R , Black M , Laccourreye O 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective:To propose an alternative site of thyroid drain placement.Background:During thyroid surgery, post-operative drains are often placed. It is common practice to bring out the drain lateral to the wound, often creating an additional, unsightly scar.Conclusion:We have found excellent cosmesis is achieved by bringing out the drain in the midline in a sub-mental skin crease, with the scar hidden in the chin shadow. In our experience, such drain placement is a safe, straightforward method with an excellent cosmetic result.
The Fat Owl of the Remove meets the Ness Peril!
Authors: Bauer Laurie 
Published: October 2008

Reflections on some changes this century in what is taken to be worthwhile reading, looking in particular at how a trick of word-forming style was once used to highlight the brokenfulness of broken English.— ‘The allrightfulness will be terrific’ (BBMSA, 52: see panel).
Preschoolers' word mapping: The interplay between labelling context and specificity of speaker information
Authors: NILSEN ELIZABETH S. , GRAHAM SUSAN A. , PETTIGREW TAMARA 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTWe assessed the effect of specificity of speaker information about an object on three-year-olds' word mappings. When children heard a novel label followed by specific information about an object at exposure, children subsequently mapped the label to that object at test. When children heard only specific information about an object at exposure, they inferred that the label applied to a different object at test. Finally, non-specific information did not assist children in mapping a word to an object. Thus, children use speaker information as a word-mapping cue but this information is interpreted differently depending on how the discourse is initiated.
Modulating serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) expression and activity unveils a crucial role in lipid-induced insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Watson Maria L. , Coghlan Matthew , Hundal Harinder S. 
Published: October 2008

Saturated fatty acids, such as palmitate, promote accumulation of ceramide, which impairs activation and signalling of PKB (protein kinase B; also known as Akt) to important end points such as glucose transport. SPT (serine palmitoyl transferase) is a key enzyme regulating ceramide synthesis from palmitate and represents a potential molecular target in curbing lipid-induced insulin resistance. In the present study we explore the effects of palmitate upon insulin action in L6 muscle cells in which SPT expression/activity has been decreased by shRNA (small-hairpin RNA) or sustained incubation with myriocin, an SPT inhibitor. Incubation of L6 myotubes with palmitate (for 16 h) increases intramyocellular ceramide and reduces insulin-stimulated PKB activation and glucose uptake. PKB inhibition was not associated with impaired IRS (insulin receptor substrate) signalling and was ameliorated by short-term treatment with myriocin. Silencing SPT expression (∼90%) by shRNA or chronic cell incubation with myriocin (for 7 days) markedly suppressed SPT activity and palmitate-driven ceramide synthesis; however, challenging these muscle cells with palmitate still inhibited the hormonal activation of PKB. This inhibition was associated with reduced IRS1/p85-PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) coupling that arises from diverting palmitate towards greater DAG (diacylglycerol) synthesis, which elevates IRS1 serine phosphorylation via activation of DAG-sensitive PKCs (protein kinase Cs). Treatment of SPT-shRNA cells or those treated chronically with myriocin with PKC inhibitors antagonized palmitate-induced loss in insulin signalling. The findings of the present study indicate that SPT plays a crucial role in desensitizing muscle cells to insulin in response to incubation with palmitate. While short-term inhibition of SPT ameliorates palmitate/ceramide-induced insulin resistance, sustained loss/reduction in SPT expression/activity promotes greater partitioning of palmitate towards DAG synthesis, which impacts negatively upon IRS1-directed insulin signalling.
A model-based evaluation of Marine Protected Areas: the example of eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias L.)
Authors: Kraus Gerd , Pelletier Dominique , Dubreuil Julien , Möllmann Christian , Hinrichsen Hans-Harald , Bastardie Francois , Vermard Youen , Mahévas Stéphanie 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Kraus, G., Pelletier, D., Dubreuil, J., Möllmann, C., Hinrichsen, H-H., Bastardie, F., Vermard, Y., and Mahévas, S. 2009. A model-based evaluation of Marine Protected Areas: the example of eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias L.). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 109–121. The eastern Baltic cod stock collapsed as a consequence of climate-driven adverse hydrographic conditions and overfishing and has remained at historically low levels. Spatio-temporal fishing closures [Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)] have been implemented since 1995, to protect and restore the spawning stock. However, no signs of recovery have been observed yet, either suggesting that MPAs are an inappropriate management measure or pointing towards suboptimal closure design. We used the spatially explicit fishery simulation model ISIS-Fish to evaluate proposed and implemented fishery closures, combining an age-structured population module with a multifleet exploitation module and a management module in a single model environment. The model is parameterized based on (i) the large amount of biological knowledge available for cod and (ii) an analysis of existing spatially disaggregated fishery data. As the population dynamics of eastern Baltic cod depend strongly on the climate-driven hydrographic regime, we considered two production regimes of the stock. MPAs were only effective for stock recovery when they reduced overall fishing effort. The performance of MPAs needs to be evaluated relative to environmental regimes, especially for stocks facing strong environmental variability.
Capsaicin Combined with Local Anesthetics Preferentially Prolongs Sensory/Nociceptive Block in Rat Sciatic Nerve
Authors: Gerner Peter , Binshtok Alexander M. , Wang Chi-Fei , Hevelone Nathanael D. , Bean Bruce P. , Woolf Clifford J. , Wang Ging Kuo 
Published: October 2008

Background
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channels integrate nociceptive stimuli and are predominantly expressed by unmyelinated C-fiber nociceptors, but not low-threshold mechanoreceptive sensory or motor fibers. A recent report showed that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel agonist capsaicin allows a hydrophilic quaternary ammonium derivative of lidocaine, QX-314, to selectively block C fibers without motor block. The authors tested whether a similar differential block would be produced using amphipathic N-methyl amitriptyline, amitriptyline, bupivacaine, or lidocaine, either alone or together with 0.05% capsaicin, in a rat sciatic nerve block model.

Methods
Rats (n = 8/group) were anesthetized with sevoflurane, and 0.2 ml of drug was injected either alone or with capsaicin (simultaneously or 10 min later) next to the sciatic nerve in the sciatic notch. Motor function was assessed by the extensor postural thrust. Nociception was evaluated by the nocifensive withdrawal reflex and vocalization evoked by pinch of a skin fold over the lateral metatarsus (cutaneous pain) with a serrated forceps.

Results
N-Methyl amitriptyline, amitriptyline, bupivacaine, or lidocaine, followed by injection of capsaicin 10 min later, each elicited a predominantly nociceptive-specific blockade. In comparison, simultaneous application of each local anesthetic with capsaicin did not elicit a clinically significant differential block, with the exception of N-methyl amitriptyline.

Conclusions
Both tertiary amine local anesthetics and their quaternary ammonium derivatives can elicit a predominantly sensory/nociceptor selective block when followed by injection of capsaicin. The combined application of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel agonists and various local anesthetics or their quaternary ammonium derivatives is an appealing strategy to achieve a long-lasting differential block in regional analgesia.
Manual Editing of Automatically Recorded Data in an Anesthesia Information Management System
Authors: Wax David B. , Beilin Yaakov , Hossain Sabera , Lin Hung-Mo , Reich David L. 
Published: October 2008

Background
Anesthesia information management systems allow automatic recording of physiologic and anesthetic data. The authors investigated the prevalence of such data modification in an academic medical center.

Methods
The authors queried their anesthesia information management system database of anesthetics performed in 2006 and tabulated the counts of data points for automatically recorded physiologic and anesthetic parameters as well as the subset of those data that were manually invalidated by clinicians (both with and without alternate values manually appended). Patient, practitioner, data source, and timing characteristics of recorded values were also extracted to determine their associations with editing of various parameters in the anesthesia information management system record.

Results
A total of 29,491 cases were analyzed, 19% of which had one or more data points manually invalidated. Among 58 attending anesthesiologists, each invalidated data in a median of 7% of their cases when working as a sole practitioner. A minority of invalidated values were manually appended with alternate values. Pulse rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry were the most commonly invalidated parameters. Data invalidation usually resulted in a decrease in parameter variance. Factors independently associated with invalidation included extreme physiologic values, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification, emergency status, timing (phase of the procedure/anesthetic), presence of an intraarterial catheter, resident or certified registered nurse anesthetist involvement, and procedure duration.

Conclusions
Editing of physiologic data automatically recorded in an anesthesia information management system is a common practice and results in decreased variability of intraoperative data. Further investigation may clarify the reasons for and consequences of this behavior.