bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rabies Virus P Protein Interacts with STAT1 and Inhibits Interferon Signal Transduction Pathways
Authors: Vidy Aurore , Chelbi-Alix Mounira , Blondel Danielle 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Rabies virus P protein is a cofactor of RNA polymerase. We investigated other potential roles of P (CVS strain) by searching for cellular partners using two-hybrid screening. We isolated a cDNA encoding the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) that is a critical component of interferon type I (IFN-α/β) and type II (IFN-γ) signaling. We confirmed this interaction by glutathione
S
-transferase-pull-down assay. Deletion mutant analysis indicated that the carboxy-terminal part of P interacted with a region containing the DNA-binding domain and the coiled-coil domain of STAT1. The expression of P protein inhibits IFN-α- and IFN-γ-induced transcriptional responses, thus impairing the IFN-induced antiviral state. Mechanistic studies indicate that P protein does not induce STAT1 degradation and does not interfere with STAT1 phosphorylation but prevents IFN-induced STAT1 nuclear accumulation. These results indicate that rabies P protein overcomes the antiviral response of the infected cells.
Actin Cytoskeleton Is Involved in Targeting of a Viral Hsp70 Homolog to the Cell Periphery
Authors: Prokhnevsky Alexey I. , Peremyslov Valera V. , Dolja Valerian V. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

The cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses involves translocation of virus particles or nucleoproteins to and through the plasmodesmata (PDs). As we have shown previously, the movement of the
Beet yellows virus
requires the concerted action of five viral proteins including a homolog of cellular ∼70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70h). Hsp70h is an integral component of the virus particles and is also found in PDs of the infected cells. Here we investigate subcellular distribution of Hsp70h using transient expression of Hsp70h fused to three spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins. We found that fluorophore-tagged Hsp70h forms motile granules that are associated with actin microfilaments, but not with microtubules. In addition, immobile granules were observed at the cell periphery. A pairwise appearance of these granules at the opposite sides of cell walls and their colocalization with the movement protein of
Tobacco mosaic virus
indicated an association of Hsp70h with PDs. Treatment with various cytoskeleton-specific drugs revealed that the intact actomyosin motility system is required for trafficking of Hsp70h in cytosol and its targeting to PDs. In contrast, none of the drugs interfered with the PD localization of
Tobacco mosaic virus
movement protein. Collectively, these findings suggest that Hsp70h is translocated and anchored to PDs in association with the actin cytoskeleton.
CD46 Is a Cellular Receptor for All Species B Adenoviruses except Types 3 and 7
Authors: Marttila Marko , Persson David , Gustafsson Dan , Liszewski M. Kathryn , Atkinson John P. , Wadell Göran , Arnberg Niklas 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTThe 51 human adenovirus serotypes are divided into six species (A to F). Adenovirus serotypes from all species except species B utilize the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor for attachment to host cells in vitro. Species B adenoviruses primarily cause ocular and respiratory tract infections, but certain serotypes are also associated with renal disease. We have previously demonstrated that adenovirus type 11 (species B) uses CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) as a cellular receptor instead of the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (A. Segerman et al., J. Virol.77:9183-9191, 2003). In the present study, we found that transfection with human CD46 cDNA rendered poorly permissive Chinese hamster ovary cells more permissive to infection by all species B adenovirus serotypes except adenovirus types 3 and 7. Moreover, rabbit antiserum against human CD46 blocked or efficiently inhibited all species B serotypes except adenovirus types 3 and 7 from infecting human A549 cells. We also sequenced the gene encoding the fiber protein of adenovirus type 50 (species B) and compared it with the corresponding amino acid sequences from selected serotypes, including all other serotypes of species B. From the results obtained, we conclude that CD46 is a major cellular receptor on A549 cells for all species B adenoviruses except types 3 and 7.
Retroviral Restriction Factor TRIM5α Is a Trimer
Authors: Mische Claudia C. , Javanbakht Hassan , Song Byeongwoon , Diaz-Griffero Felipe , Stremlau Matthew , Strack Bettina , Si Zhihai , Sodroski Joseph 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTThe retrovirus restriction factor TRIM5α targets the viral capsid soon after entry. Here we show that the TRIM5α protein oligomerizes into trimers. The TRIM5α coiled-coil and B30.2(SPRY) domains make important contributions to the formation and/or stability of the trimers. A functionally defective TRIM5α mutant with the RING and B-box 2 domains deleted can form heterotrimers with wild-type TRIM5α, accounting for the observed dominant-negative activity of the mutant protein. Trimerization potentially allows TRIM5α to interact with threefold pseudosymmetrical structures on retroviral capsids.
Transcripts Encoding K12, v-FLIP, v-Cyclin, and the MicroRNA Cluster of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Originate from a Common Promoter
Authors: Pearce Michael , Matsumura Satoko , Wilson Angus C. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of three malignancies associated with AIDS and immunosuppression. Tumor cells harbor latent virus and express kaposin (open reading frame [ORF] K12), v-FLIP (ORF 71), v-Cyclin (ORF 72), and latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA; ORF 73). ORFs 71 to 73 are transcribed as multicistronic RNAs initiating from adjacent constitutive and inducible promoters upstream of ORF 73. Here we characterize a third promoter embedded within the ORF 71-to-73 transcription unit specifying transcripts that encode ORF 71/72 or K12. These transcripts may also be the source of 11 microRNAs arranged as a cluster between K12 and ORF 71. Our studies reveal a complex arrangement of interlaced transcription units, incorporating four important protein-encoding genes required for latency and pathogenesis and the entire KSHV microRNA repertoire.
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Locus That Encodes the Latency-Associated Transcript Enhances the Frequency of Encephalitis in Male BALB/c Mice
Authors: Jones Clinton , Inman Melissa , Peng Weiping , Henderson Gail , Doster Alan , Perng Guey-Chuen , Angeletti Anisa Kaenjak 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis; however, the viral genes that regulate encephalitis have not been well characterized. In this study, we tested whether the LAT (latency-associated transcript) locus regulates the frequency of encephalitis in male or female mice. Male BALB/c mice are more susceptible to HSV-1-induced encephalitis than age-matched female BALB/c mice. Deletion of LAT coding sequences reduced the frequency of encephalitis. A recombinant virus containing the first 1.5 kb of the LAT coding sequence induces levels of encephalitis in male BALB/c mice similar to those induced by wild-type HSV-1.
Early, active rehabilitation following mini-open repair of Achilles tendon rupture: a prospective study
Authors: Calder J D F , Saxby T S 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To assess the use of a supervised active rehabilitation program following repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures using a minimally invasive suture system.Methods:We performed a prospective study on 46 patients undergoing surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures using the Achillon suture system. All patients began a supervised active rehabilitation program from 2 weeks postoperatively. Patients were placed in a range of motion brace fixed at 20° equinus for 2 weeks to allow wound healing followed by active movement from neutral to full plantar flexion for 4 weeks.Results:At a minimum follow up of 12 months there were no re-ruptures. All patients were able to return to their previous sporting activities by 6 months post operation. The average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score at 6 months was 98, with 42 patients having excellent and four patients good Leppilahti scores. The average time to return to work was 22 days. One patient had a superficial wound infection which settled with 5 days of oral antibiotics. Two patients had altered sensation in the distribution of the sural nerve which settled spontaneously within 3 months.Conclusion:The Achillon suture system appears to allow a safe early active rehabilitation program and achieves a high rate of success. Further evaluation is necessary with regard to potential damage to the sural nerve.
Superior results with eccentric compared to concentric quadriceps training in patients with jumper’s knee: a prospective randomised study
Authors: Jonsson P , Alfredson H 
Published: October 2005

Background:A recent study reported promising clinical results using eccentric quadriceps training on a decline board to treat jumper’s knee (patellar tendinosis).Methods:In this prospective study, athletes (mean age 25 years) with jumper’s knee were randomised to treatment with either painful eccentric or painful concentric quadriceps training on a decline board. Fifteen exercises were repeated three times, twice daily, 7 days/week, for 12 weeks. All patients ceased sporting activities for the first 6 weeks. Age, height, weight, and duration of symptoms were similar between groups. Visual analogue scales (VAS; patient estimation of pain during exercise) and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) scores, before and after treatment, and patient satisfaction, were used for evaluation.Results:In the eccentric group, for 9/10 tendons patients were satisfied with treatment, VAS decreased from 73 to 23 (p<0.005), and VISA score increased from 41 to 83 (p<0.005). In the concentric group, for 9/9 tendons patients were not satisfied, and there were no significant differences in VAS (from 74 to 68, p<0.34) and VISA score (from 41 to 37, p<0.34). At follow up (mean 32.6 months), patients in the eccentric group were still satisfied and sports active, but all patients in the concentric group had been treated surgically or by sclerosing injections.Conclusions:In conclusion, eccentric, but not concentric, quadriceps training on a decline board, seems to reduce pain in jumper’s knee. The study aimed to include 20 patients in each group, but was stopped at the half time control because of poor results achieved in the concentric group.
Loss ofBCL-2in the progression of oral cancer is not attributable to mutations
Authors: Loro L L , Johannessen A C , Vintermyr O K 
Published: October 2005

Background:BCL-2 and BAX are important in the regulation of apoptosis. There have been reports of loss of BCL-2 in basal cells of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and suppression of BAX in poorly differentiated OSCC.Aim:To investigate whether loss of BCL-2 in OED and OSCC, and of BAX in poorly differentiated OSCC could be attributed toBCL-2andBAXmutations.Methods:Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation were used to confirm BCL-2 and BAX expression. DNA was extracted from archival samples of OED (n  =  22) and OSCC (n  =  28). The connective tissue part from each section was collected separately and used as the normal reference.Results:No mutations were detected inBCL-2orBAXthat could explain their aberrant expression at the mRNA and protein levels in OED and OSCC. The reported A/G polymorphism at codon 7 ofBCL-2was detected in 18 of 50 samples and a novel C/T polymorphism at codon 100 was detected in three of 50 samples.Conclusions:No mutations were found that could explain loss of BCL-2 in oral dysplasia and carcinoma. An unreported C/T polymorphism inBCL-2was detected. Downregulation of BCL-2 in OED and OSCC may be the result of transcriptional regulation.
Solitary epithelial cells in B cell gastric MALT lymphoma
Authors: Sutak J , Stoddard C , Smith M E F 
Published: October 2005

Background:Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low grade B cell lymphoma histologically characterised by neoplastic B cells surrounding follicles in a marginal zone pattern and selectively infiltrating epithelium to form characteristic lymphoepithelial lesions.Aims:To identify solitary epithelial cells in gastric MALT lymphoma and investigate their nature.Methods:Anonymised endoscopic biopsies from eight B cell gastric MALT lymphomas and 10 control biopsies from chronic atrophic gastritis were selected. The numbers of solitary cytokeratin positive epithelial cells were assessed both semiquantitatively and quantitatively in immunostained sections. Chromogranin A expression was studied in sections consecutive to those stained for cytokeratin.Results:Statistical analysis of the quantitative data confirmed that solitary epithelial cells were significantly more common in the lymphomas. The study of consecutive sections showed that the single cells express chromogranin A.Conclusions:The presence of solitary, cytokeratin positive epithelial cells within the neoplastic infiltrate is a characteristic feature of gastric B cell lymphoma. These solitary epithelial cells are of neuroendocrine origin.
PCR based identification and discrimination of agents of mucormycosis and aspergillosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue
Authors: Bialek R , Konrad F , Kern J , Aepinus C , Cecenas L , Gonzalez G M , Just-Nübling G , Willinger B , Presterl E , Lass-Flörl C , Rickerts V 
Published: October 2005

Background:Invasive fungal infections are often diagnosed by histopathology without identification of the causative fungi, which show significantly different antifungal susceptibilities.Aims:To establish and evaluate a system of two seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to identify and discriminate between agents of aspergillosis and mucormycosis in paraffin wax embedded tissue samples.Methods:DNA of 52 blinded samples from five different centres was extracted and used as a template in two PCR assays targeting the mitochondrial aspergillosis DNA and the 18S ribosomal DNA of zygomycetes.Results:Specific fungal DNA was identified in 27 of 44 samples in accordance with a histopathological diagnosis of zygomycosis or aspergillosis, respectively.Aspergillus fumigatusDNA was amplified from one specimen of zygomycosis (diagnosed by histopathology). In four of 16 PCR negative samples no human DNA was amplified, possibly as a result of the destruction of DNA before paraffin wax embedding. In addition, eight samples from clinically suspected fungal infections (without histopathological proof) were examined. The two PCR assays detected a concomitant infection withAbsidia corymbiferaandA fumigatusin one, and infections withRhizopus arrhizusandA fumigatusin another two cases.Conclusions:The two seminested PCR assays described here can support a histopathological diagnosis of mucormycosis or aspergillosis, and can identify the infective agent, thereby optimising antifungal treatment.
Prognostic value of activated Akt expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lim J , Kim J-H , Paeng J-Y , Kim M-J , Hong S-D , Lee J-I , Hong S-P 
Published: October 2005

Background:Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in tumorigenesis and influences prognosis in several cancers. However, its importance in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) has not been elucidated.Aim:To investigate the association between the expression of activated Akt, clinicopathological factors, and E-cadherin, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression to verify the validity of Akt as a prognostic factor in OSCC.Methods:Phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), E-cadherin, PCNA, and VEGF expression were assessed immunohistochemically in 84 OSCCs. The results were analysed in relation to clinicopathological factors.Results:p-Akt was expressed in 29 cases. It was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and E-cadherin expression. Univariate analysis showed that p-Akt expression, E-cadherin expression, PCNA expression, differentiation, tumour size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and recurrence correlated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that p-Akt expression is an independent prognostic factor in patients with OSCC.Conclusions:This study revealed that Akt activation is a significant prognostic indicator for OSCC and is correlated with E-cadherin expression. The inhibition of Akt is a possible molecular approach to the treatment of OSCC.
Tumour proliferation, angiogenesis, and ploidy status in human colon cancer
Authors: Cristi E , Perrone G , Toscano G , Verzì A , Nori S , Santini D , Tonini G , Vetrani A , Fabiano A , Rabitti C 
Published: October 2005

Aims:Tumour angiogenesis is essential for carcinogenesis and facilitates the process of tumour development and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well characterised angiogenetic factor and is known to play a crucial role in new vessel development. To gain further insight into the effects of microvessel density and VEGF expression in colon cancer, their relation with tumour proliferation, ploidy status, and p53 expression was investigated in colon cancer.Methods:Tissue samples of 50 archived colon cancers were analysed by immunohistochemistry for VEGF, p53, and the endothelial cell marker, von Willebrand factor (VWF), using specific antibodies. The same samples were re-cut for flow cytometric studies to obtain S phase fraction (SPF) and ploidy status.Results:A positive significant correlation was found between SPF and angiogenesis. The median microvessel count in high SPF tumours was significantly higher than in low SPF ones. No association was found between VEGF expression and SPF. A positive correlation was found between ploidy status and p53 expression and microvessel count. Furthermore, a positive correlation was established between DNA ploidy, VEGF expression, and microvessel count.Conclusion:This study provides evidence that in colon cancer, tumour growth may be stimulated by vascular supply, and the lack of a correlation between tumour cell proliferation and VEGF expression indicates that these two parameters may be regulated by separate mechanisms. Furthermore, the positive correlation between microvessel density, VEGF expression, and ploidy status provides more evidence that genetic alterations are involved in tumour angiogenesis.
Immunohistochemical analysis of desmoid tumours
Authors: Leithner A , Gapp M , Radl R , Pascher A , Krippl P , Leithner K , Windhager R , Beham A 
Published: October 2005

Background/Aims:Although the standard treatment for desmoid tumours is complete surgical resection with wide margins, the optimal adjuvant treatment for recurrent or inoperable disease is unclear, often being based on sporadic immunohistochemical reports with a low number of cases. Therefore, a large immunohistochemical study was performed, to provide a theoretical basis for adjuvant treatment regimens.Methods:One hundred and sixteen tissue samples from 80 patients (49 female, 31 male; mean age, 34 years; range, 0–83) with desmoid tumours (46 extra-abdominal, 21 abdominal, 13 intra-abdominal) were tested for oestrogen receptors α and β, progesterone and androgen receptors, and somatostatin, in addition to HER2, cathepsin D, Ki-67, and c-KIT by immunohistochemistry.Results:All samples were negative for oestrogen receptor α, HER2, and the progesterone receptor. Positive staining for the androgen receptor was found in six extra-abdominal cases. Staining for oestrogen receptor β was positive in four extra-abdominal, two abdominal, and one intra-abdominal case. Staining for somatostatin was positive in six extra-abdominal, two abdominal, and one intra-abdominal case, and staining for cathepsin D was positive in all cases. Positive staining for Ki-67 was found in 14 extra-abdominal, three abdominal, and three intra-abdominal cases. C-KIT was detectable in one abdominal case only.Conclusions:The data from this immunohistochemical study show that the published effects of antioestrogens and imatinib mesylate in the treatment of aggressive fibromatoses may not be attributable to oestrogen receptor α or c-KIT expression.
Atrophic gastritis in young children and adolescents
Authors: Ricuarte O , Gutierrez O , Cardona H , Kim J G , Graham D Y , El-Zimaity H M T 
Published: October 2005

Background:Helicobacter pyloriassociated gastric cancer arises via a multistage process, with atrophic gastritis being the precursor lesion.Helicobacter pyloriis typically acquired in childhood, yet little is known of the prevalence of atrophic gastritis in childhood.Aim:To study atrophic gastritis among children from countries with high gastric cancer incidence.Methods:Sections from topographically mapped gastric biopsy specimens from children undergoing clinically indicated endoscopy in Korea and Colombia were evaluated using visual analogue scales. Atrophy was defined as loss of normal glandular components, including replacement with fibrosis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and/or pseudopyloric metaplasia of the corpus (identified by the presence of pepsinogen I in mucosa that was topographically corpus but phenotypically antrum).Results:One hundred and seventy three children, 58 from Korea (median age, 14 years) and 115 from Colombia (median age, 13 years), were studied.Helicobacter pyloriwas present in 85% of Colombian children versus 17% of Korean children (p<0.01). Atrophic mucosa near the antrum–corpus border was present in 16% of children, primarily as pseudopyloric metaplasia (31%, IM; 63%, pseudopyloric metaplasia; 6%, both). The median age of children with corpus atrophy was 15 (range, 7–17) years.Conclusion:Gastric atrophy occurs inH pyloriinfected children living in countries with high gastric cancer incidence. Identification and characterisation of the natural history ofH pylorigastritis requires targeted biopsies to include the lesser and greater curve of the corpus, starting just proximal to the anatomical antrum–corpus junction, in addition to biopsies targeting the antrum and cardia.
Aberrant expression of ΔNp73 in benign and malignant tumours of the prostate: correlation with Gleason score
Authors: Guan M , Chen Y 
Published: October 2005

Background:The p73 gene is a p53 homologue that induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation. N-terminal truncated isoforms of p73 (ΔNp73) act as dominant-negative inhibitors of wild-type p53 and TAp73 and result in tumour growth in nude mice.Aims:To detect ΔNp73 expression in 24 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples, 33 prostate carcinomas, and five normal samples and to evaluate the relation between ΔNp73, TAp73 concentrations, and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with prostate cancer.Methods:TAp73 was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); ΔNp73 and ΔN’p73 were assessed using reverse transcription PCR. western blotting was used to analyse protein expression. p53 mutation was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results:A significant increase of ΔNp73 was seen in 20 of 33 carcinomas and 17 of 24 benign prostate hyperplasia tissues, but in none of the normal samples. None of the specimens expressed ΔN’p73. No significant relation was found between TAp73 expression and clinical parameters. The incidence of positive expression of ΔNp73 correlated with the Gleason score in prostate carcinomas. Cancer samples with wild-type p53 had significantly higher expression of ΔNp73 than p53 mutant cancers.Conclusion:These data suggest a potential role for ΔNp73 in prostate cancer progression.