bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐Dependent Effects of Platelet Gel Releasate on Activities of Human Osteoblasts
Authors: Uggeri Jacopo , Belletti Silvana , Guizzardi Stefano , Poli Tito , Cantarelli Stefano , Scandroglio Renato , Gatti Rita 
Published: October 2007

Background: Platelet‐rich plasma is used in oral and maxillofacial surgery; however, its real efficacy is debated. Also, the in vitro effects on bone‐specific functions are contradictory. Understanding the mechanisms of action of platelet‐derived factors could be the basis for their proper use in clinical applications.Methods: The functional parameters of osteoblasts (proliferation, alkaline phosphatase, collagen synthesis, and calcium deposition) were analyzed in vitro for 14 days in the presence of different concentrations (100%, 33%, and 11%) of platelet gel releasate (PGR).Results: Concentrations of 100% PGR and 33% PGR stimulated cells to proliferate more than 10% fetal calf serum. The effect on cell proliferation was dose dependent, and the addition of dexamethasone (dex) and β‐glycerophosphate (β‐GP) reduced the proliferative effects. Alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by 33% PGR and 11% PGR after 7 days and was induced further by dex and β‐GP. Also, collagen synthesis, measured on day 11, was stimulated by 33% PGR and 11% PGR. Calcium deposition, evaluated after 7 and 14 days, was greatest in cells treated with PGR supplemented with dex and GP. The mineralization process increased with time; on day 14, calcium aggregates were observed in all cultures treated with PGR (100%, 33%, and 11%).Conclusions: PGR stimulated osteoblast proliferation in a dose dependent manner and, when used at 33% and 11%, induced maximum levels of alkaline phosphatase and collagen synthesis. Moreover, in the presence of dex and β‐GP, PGR stimulated the end maturative status of cells as expressed by the deposition of calcium nodules.
Effect of Rinsing With an Essential Oil–Containing Mouthrinse on Subgingival Periodontopathogens
Authors: Fine Daniel H. , Markowitz Kenneth , Furgang David , Goldsmith Deborah , Ricci‐Nittel Danette , Charles Christine H. , Peng Penny , Lynch Michael C. 
Published: October 2007

Background: Studies have shown that the nature and amount of supragingival plaque can influence the composition of the contiguous subgingival flora. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rinsing with an essential oil antimicrobial mouthrinse on levels of representative subgingival bacteria in subjects with mild to moderate periodontitis.Methods: This controlled study used a randomized, double‐masked, 2 × 2 crossover design. After baseline subgingival sampling, 37 qualifying subjects rinsed with the essential oil mouthrinse or a negative control twice daily for 14 days, with a post‐treatment sample obtained on day 15. Following a washout period, the procedure was repeated with the alternative rinse. Target organisms enumerated were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella sp., and total anaerobes. Intergroup comparisons of post‐treatment log‐transformed colony forming unit counts were made using analysis of covariance.Results: After 14 days of twice‐daily rinsing, the level of each of the target subgingival organisms was significantly lower in the essential oil group than in the control group (P <0.001), with percent reductions ranging from 66.3% to 79.2%.Conclusions: Rinsing with the essential oil antiplaque/antigingivitis mouthrinse can have significant antimicrobial activity against subgingival periodontopathogens. Most likely, the antimicrobial effect was mediated primarily by disruption of the contiguous supragingival plaque by the mouthrinse. Because studies have shown that control of supragingival plaque can influence the onset and/or progression of periodontitis, additional studies on non‐prescription antimicrobial oral care products may lead to new regimens for decreasing the burden of periodontal diseases in the population.
GCF MMP‐8 Levels in Smokers and Non‐Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis Following Scaling and Root Planing Accompanied by Systemic Use of Flurbiprofen
Authors: Kurtis Bülent , Tüter Gülay , Serdar Muhittin , Pinar Selin , Demirel Ilkim , Toyman Utku 
Published: October 2007

Background: Cigarette smoking has been identified as an important risk factor for the initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phase I periodontal therapy and adjunctive flurbiprofen administration on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from smoking and non‐smoking patients with CP.Methods: Twenty‐nine non‐smoking and 29 smoking patients with CP were divided into four groups according to periodontal treatment modalities. Group 1 (non‐smokers with CP) and group 3 (smokers with CP) patients received daily 100‐mg flurbiprofen tablets in a 2 × 1 regimen for 10 days together with scaling and root planing (SRP). Patients in group 2 (non‐smokers with CP) and group 4 (smokers with CP) received placebo tablets in a 2 × 1 regimen for 10 days together with SRP. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements were recorded; GCF samples were collected from each sampling area at baseline and after the 10‐day period of drug intake by a single examiner who was unaware of the treatment modality. Assays for GCF MMP‐8 were carried out by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: All groups showed statistically significant reductions in PI and GI scores following the phase I periodontal treatment (P <0.05), but no statistical differences were observed in PD and CAL scores after therapy. In all groups, the reduction of GCF MMP‐8 levels after therapy was statistically significant compared to baseline levels (P <0.001). When groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 were compared according to GCF MMP‐8 levels after the therapy, no statistically significant differences were observed (P = 0.117 and P = 0.485, respectively).Conclusion: Flurbiprofen administration had no additional inhibitory effect over SRP alone on GCF levels of MMP‐8 in smokers compared to non‐smokers with CP.
Defective Lipid Delivery Modulates Glucose Tolerance and Metabolic Response to Diet in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Hofmann Susanna M. , Perez-Tilve Diego , Greer Todd M. , Coburn Beth A. , Grant Erin , Basford Joshua E. , Tschöp Matthias H. , Hui David Y. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) regulates plasma lipid levels via modulation of lipolysis and serving as ligand for receptor-mediated clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins. This study tested the impact of modulating lipid delivery to tissues on insulin responsiveness and diet-induced obesity.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—ApoE+/+ and apoE−/− mice were placed on high-fat–high-sucrose diabetogenic diet or control diet for 24 weeks. Plasma TG clearance, glucose tolerance, and tissue uptake of dietary fat and glucose were assessed.
RESULTS—Plasma TG clearance and lipid uptake by adipose tissue were impaired, whereas glucose tolerance was improved in control diet–fed apoE−/− mice compared with apoE+/+ mice after an oral lipid load. Fat mass was reduced in apoE−/− mice compared with apoE+/+ mice under both dietary conditions. The apoE−/− mice exhibited lower body weight and insulin levels than apoE+/+ mice when fed the diabetogenic diet. Glucose tolerance and uptake by muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT) was also improved in mice lacking apoE when fed the diabetogenic diet. Indirect calorimetry studies detected no difference in energy expenditure and respiratory quotient between apoE+/+ and apoE−/− mice on control diet. Energy expenditure and uncoupling protein-1 expression in BAT were slightly but not significantly increased in apoE−/− mice on diabetogenic diet.
CONCLUSIONS—These results demonstrated that decreased lipid delivery to insulin-sensitive tissues improves insulin sensitivity and ameliorates diet-induced obesity.
Comparison of the Effects of Pioglitazone and Metformin on Hepatic and Extra-Hepatic Insulin Action in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Basu Rita , Shah Pankaj , Basu Ananda , Norby Barbara , Dicke Betty , Chandramouli Visvanathan , Cohen Ohad , Landau Bernard R. , Rizza Robert A. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—To determine mechanisms by which pioglitazone and metformin effect hepatic and extra-hepatic insulin action.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Thirty-one subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to pioglitazone (45 mg) or metformin (2,000 mg) for 4 months.
RESULTS—Glucose was clamped before and after therapy at ∼5 mmol/l, insulin raised to ∼180 pmol/l, C-peptide suppressed with somatostatin, glucagon replaced at ∼75 pg/ml, and glycerol maintained at ∼200 mmol/l to ensure comparable and equal portal concentrations on all occasions. Insulin-induced stimulation of glucose disappearance did not differ before and after treatment with either pioglitazone (23 ± 3 vs. 24 ± 2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1) or metformin (22 ± 2 vs. 24 ± 3 μmol · kg−1 · min−1). In contrast, pioglitazone enhanced (P &lt; 0.01) insulin-induced suppression of both glucose production (6.0 ± 1.0 vs. 0.2 ± 1.6 μmol · kg−1 · min−1) and gluconeogenesis (n = 11; 4.5 ± 0.9 vs. 0.8 ± 1.2 μmol · kg−1 · min−1). Metformin did not alter either suppression of glucose production (5.8 ± 1.0 vs. 5.0 ± 0.8 μmol · kg−1 · min−1) or gluconeogenesis (n = 9; 3.7 ± 0.8 vs. 2.6 ± 0.7 μmol · kg−1 · min−1). Insulin-induced suppression of free fatty acids was greater (P &lt; 0.05) after treatment with pioglitazone (0.14 ± 0.03 vs. 0.06 ± 0.01 mmol/l) but unchanged with metformin (0.12 ± 0.03 vs. 0.15 ± 0.07 mmol/l).
CONCLUSIONS—Thus, relative to metformin, pioglitazone improves hepatic insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes, partly by enhancing insulin-induced suppression of gluconeogenesis. On the other hand, both drugs have comparable effects on insulin-induced stimulation of glucose uptake.
Controlled Release and Absorption Resonance of Fluorescent Silica‐Coated Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu S. , Wong Y. , Wang Y. , Wang D. , Han M.‐Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAggregation‐driven seeded growth of uniform platinum nanoparticles and exclusive silica‐coating of the as‐grown platinum nanoparticles have been achieved successfully. Fluorescent Pt@SiO2 nanoparticles have also been reproducibly prepared via effective co‐condensation of silanized dye molecules with tetraethylorthosilicate. The dye‐loaded Pt@SiO2 nanoparticles have been exploited as model carriers for thermal‐responsive controlled release of guest molecules via slow hydrolysis/dissolution of silica shells; importantly, the encapsulated platinum cores have also been used as nanoprobes to simultaneously investigate their controlled release process. Meanwhile, unique size‐sensitive absorbance resonance in the dye‐loaded Pt@SiO2 nanoparticles has been demonstrated for the first time, and it is expected to find novel application.
Preparation and Application of Novel Microspheres Possessing Autofluorescent Properties
Authors: Wei W. , Wang L.‐Y. , Yuan L. , Wei Q. , Yang X.‐D. , Su Z.‐G. , Ma G.‐H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFluorescent microspheres are widely used as biological tracers. In this study, uniformly sized chitosan microspheres crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (CG microspheres) and formaldehyde (CF microspheres) are successfully prepared by the Shirasu Porous Glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique. Selectively reduced CG microspheres (SRCG microspheres) are obtained by NaBH4 reduction. These chitosan microspheres are found to exhibit fluorescent properties without conjugation to any fluorescent agent. The fluorescence color varies with different crosslinkers and can be modulated by further chemical reduction, whereas the fluorescence intensity can be controlled by tuning the particle size and degree of crosslinking. The autofluorescence of the microspheres is applied to study the phagocytosis of HepG2 cells using the microspheres as novel tracers. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that these chitosan microspheres serve as bright, inert, durable, and extremely photostable tracers.
Synthesis of Symmetrical Bisquinolones via Nickel(0)‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of 4‐Chloroquinolones
Authors: Hashim Jamshed , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA method for the gram‐scale preparation of functionalized 4,4′‐bisquinolones using a microwave‐assisted Ullmann‐type homocoupling reaction is described. The method is catalytic in nickel(0) which is generated in situ by reduction from an inexpensive nickel(II) source and utilizes readily available 4‐chloroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones as starting materials. In contrast to the alternative palladium(0)‐catalyzed one‐pot borylation/Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction, the new method avoids the use of an expensive catalyst and cross‐coupling partner such as bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Selective Terminal Alkyne Metathesis: Synthesis and Use of a Unique Triple Bonded Dinuclear Tungsten Alkoxy Complex Containing a Hemilabile Ligand
Authors: Coutelier Olivier , Nowogrocki Guy , Paul Jean‐François , Mortreux André 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe in situ synthesis of new alkyne metathesis catalysts is described, with particular emphasis on the search for tris‐alkoxytungsten‐based terminal alkyne metathesis. In that context, hemilabile, ether‐containing alkoxy ligands have proved to be suitable and have led to the design and use of a sterically hindered hemilable ligand for the synthesis of a well‐defined binuclear, triple‐bonded W≡W complex. This complex is shown to be a highly active and selective catalyst precursor for terminal alkyne metathesis, and allows the unprecedented metathesis of phenylacetylene.
Applicability Aspects of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Aromatic Amination Protocols in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Tasler Stefan , Mies Jan , Lang Martin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe application of palladium‐ and copper‐catalyzed reactions for the aromatic amination of pharmacologically relevant scaffolds is investigated. The focus is set on the scope of several protocols for the introduction of amines of broad structural diversity, allowing for the synthesis of numerous derivatives of one biological hit structure for screening in biological assay systems. Thus, attaining optimized yields and TONs had not a major priority, most important were practical aspects, that is no further purification and drying of reagents and solvents had to be envisaged, ideally only a few transition metal‐based protocols had to be applied for synthesizing structurally diverse compounds in sufficient amounts (several milligrams) for screening without any fine‐tuning of conditions and catalytic systems.
Direct Arylation of Thiophenes via Palladium‐Catalysed CH Functionalisation at Low Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Battace Ahmed , Lemhadri Mhamed , Zair Touriya , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPalladium associated with cis,cis,cis‐1,2,3,4‐tetrakis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclopentane (Tedicyp) was found to promote the direct 2‐arylation of a variety of thiophene derivatives via CH functionalisation in good yields using very low catalyst loadings. Electron‐deficient, electron‐excessive or sterically‐congested aryl bromides are tolerated. Moreover, several substituents on the aryl bromide or thiophene derivatives such as acetyl, formyl, nitrile, nitro, ester, methoxy, fluoro or trifluoromethyl are tolerated. The most reactive aryl bromides were coupled with thiophenes derivatives using as little as 0.1–0.01 mol % catalyst.
Efficient Activation of 2‐Iminomethylpyridine/Cobalt‐Based Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Catalyst by Addition of a Silver Salt
Authors: Goswami Avijit , Ito Taichi , Okamoto Sentaro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe addition of silver triflate (AgOTf) or silver hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF6) significantly increased the activity of the 2‐(arylimino)methylpyridine/cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2⋅6 H2O)/zinc catalyst in alkyne cyclotrimerizations thereby accelerating the reaction and enabling the use of unactivated, simple internal alkynes as the monoyne substrate: The rate of reaction was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the counter anion (X−) and the ligand (L) in the postulated cationic cobalt(I) complex [LCo(I)]+X−.
Nanoheterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Arenes: Evaluation of the Surfactant‐Stabilized Aqueous Ruthenium(0) Colloidal Suspension
Authors: Nowicki Audrey , Le Boulaire Virginie , Roucoux Alain 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe hydrogenation of various aromatic compounds by a surfactant‐stabilized aqueous ruthenium(0) colloidal suspension was investigated. The nanocatalysts in the size range of 2.5–3.5 nm were synthesized by reducing ruthenium trichloride salt with sodium borohydride and were stabilized by the highly water soluble N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐cetyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride salt according to our classical approach. The efficient catalytic reactions were performed at room temperature and under hydrogen pressure. The effect of the stirring, namely magnetic stir bar or gas projection impeller, was also studied. A comparison with an analogous rhodium nanocatalyst is described.
A Practical Transition Metal‐Free Aryl‐Aryl Coupling Method: Arynes as Key Intermediates
Authors: Leroux Frédéric R. , Bonnafoux Laurence , Heiss Christophe , Colobert Françoise , Lanfranchi Don Antoine 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUpon treatment of various aryllithium intermediates with 1,2‐dibromobenzene or 1‐bromo‐2‐iodobenzene, dissymmetrical ortho,ortho′‐di‐, tri‐ and even tetrasubstituted bromo‐ or iodobiaryls become readily available. The crucial steps in all these reactions were the nucleophilic addition of the organolithium precursor to a transient aryne species released from it by β‐elimination of a lithium halide and, stabilization of the resulting 2‐biaryllithium intermediate by in situ transfer of bromine or iodine from the starting material. This straightforward transition metal‐free access to biaryls allows the preparation of highly valuable halobiaryls on a gram scale in excellent yields. These precursors can be subsequently functionalized by highly regioselective halogen/metal permutations into a vast variety of target molecules. This was demonstrated in the synthesis of several mono‐ and diphosphine ligands.
Copper‐Catalyzed Protodecarboxylation of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Gooßen Lukas J. , Thiel Werner R. , Rodríguez Nuria , Linder Christophe , Melzer Bettina 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA catalyst generated from copper(I) oxide and 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline for the first time allows the catalytic protodecarboxylation even of deactivated aromatic carboxylic acids, giving rise to the corresponding arenes. Based on DFT calculations, a reaction pathway is proposed that accurately reflects the experimental results, such as the observed reactivity order of the substrates.
Decreased incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease by continuous infusion of cyclosporine with a higher target blood level
Authors: Oshima Kumi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Nakasone Hideki , Arai Shunya , Nishimoto Nahoko , Sato Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takuro , Hosoya Noriko , Izutsu Koji , Asai Takashi , Hangaishi Akira , Motokura Toru , Chiba Shigeru , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCyclosporine A (CsA) is the mainstay of pharmacologic prevention of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). We previously reported that continuous infusion of CsA with a target blood level between 250 and 400 ng/ml significantly increased the incidence of acute GVHD compared to twice‐daily infusion with a target trough level between 150 and 300 ng/ml. Thus, we raised the target level of CsA continuous infusion to 450–550 ng/ml. We treated 33 patients with the higher target level (CsA500) and compared the efficacy and toxicity with those in the 33 historical control patients (CsA300 group). Other transplantation procedures were not changed. The patients' characteristics were equivalent. The average CsA concentration was adjusted around 500 ng/ml and the actual daily dose was maintained at the initial dose (CsA 3mg/kg/day). Toxicities were equivalently observed among the two groups. The incidence of grades II–IV acute GVHD was significantly lower in the CsA500 group (27 vs. 52%, P = 0.033). The target level of CsA was identified as an independent significant risk factor for grades II–IV acute GVHD (P = 0.039), adjusted for the presence of HLA mismatch. The incidence of chronic GVHD was also decreased in the CsA500 group (47 vs. 73%, P = 0.016). We conclude that the toxicity of the continuous CsA infusion with a target level of 450–550 ng/ml is acceptable and the efficacy to prevent acute GVHD is significant. A larger comparative study is warranted to confirm these findings. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High prevalence of parkinsonian disorders associated to manganese exposure in the vicinities of ferroalloy industries
Authors: Lucchini Roberto G. , Albini Elisa , Benedetti Laura , Borghesi Stefano , Coccaglio Romana , Malara Eros C. , Parrinello Giovanni , Garattini Siria , Resola Sergio , Alessio Lorenzo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of Parkinsonian disturbances in relationship to environmental exposure to manganese due to ferroalloy industries in the province of Brescia, Northern Italy.MethodsManganese concentrations were measured in settled dust collected in each of the 206 municipalities. Parkinsonian patients were identified using two sources: (1) clinical registers from local hospitals, specialized neurologists, and exemption from prescription payment; (2) L‐Dopa prescriptions. Standardized prevalence rates and raw and full Bayesian‐smoothed standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the entire province and for each municipality.ResultsManganese concentrations in settled dust were significantly higher in the surroundings and downwind from the industrial plants. A total number of 2,677 Parkinsonian cases were identified among 903,997 residents (crude prevalence, 296/100,000; 95% CI: 284.80–307.20; standardized prevalence, 407/100,000; 95% CI: 393.87–420.12). Significantly higher SMRs (Kruskal–Wallis χ21 df = 17.55,P < 0.001) were observed in 37 municipalities in the vicinities of ferromanganese plants (324 cases among 77,708 residents; standardized prevalence 492/100,000; 95% CI: 442.80–541.20), compared to the other 169 municipalities of the province (2,353 cases among 826,289 residents, standardized prevalence 321/100,000; 95% CI 308.80–333.20). Row and Bayesian SMRs were associated with the concentrations of manganese in settled dust.ConclusionStudy results suggest that environmental exposure to manganese is associated with an increased prevalence of Parkinsonian disturbances. Since the highest prevalence rates were observed in a closed community of the pre‐Alps where the industries are located, further research should address a possible interactive role of genetic factors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:788–800, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.