bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic neuroma surgery with emphasis on preservation of hearing
Authors: Cohen Noel L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review is presented of 37 cerebellopontine angle tumors surgically removed between 1973 and 1978 by the author at the New York University Medical Center. A diagnostic protocol is outlined: An acoustic PEG (small volume pneumoencephalogram with polytomography) is utilized where a medium to large tumor is suspected, and a Pantopaque fossagram for the smaller tumors. Indications are given for the middle fossa, translabyrinthine and suboccipital approaches, depending on tumor size and level of hearing. Hearing was successfully preserved at or near the preoperative level in 3 of 6 extracanalicular tumors operated upon using the suboccipital microsurgical approach. Audiometric data are given, demonstrating the preservation of hearing. The surgical technique is described. There were no fatalities in the entire series. The incidence of permanent facial nerve palsy was 8%. Nerve palsy occurred in large tumors only.
Mm of normal or cancerous laryngeal cartilages: Histopathologic correlation
Authors: Castelijns Jonas A. , Gerritsen Geerten J. , Kaiser Marc C. , Valk Jaap , Jansen Wicher , Meyer Chris J. L. M. , Snow Gordon B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMRI appearances of laryngeal cartilages, normal or invaded by cancer, are still relatively unfamiliar to most clinicians. Twelve primary laryngeal tumors out of a series of 65 patients which have been investigated by MRI were examined postoperatively by macroscopic and microscopic sectioning of the surgical specimens. Images were obtained with a 0.6 Tesla superconductive system using a solenoid surface coil. The authors emphasize the value of a combined use of T1‐weighted and balanced (relatively T2‐weighted images with still T1‐characteristics) Spin Echo images. T1‐weighted images permit differentiation between pathological and normal bone marrow. Balanced images allow separation between nonossified cartilage and tumor tissue. MRI is an additional tool in the diagnostic workup of cartilage invasion by tumor.
Manoeuvring and vibration reduction of a flexible spacecraft integrating optimal sliding mode controller and distributed piezoelectric sensors/actuators
Authors: Hu Qinglei , Ma Guangfu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis investigation is to apply optimal sliding mode (OSM) control theory and distributed piezoelectric sensor/actuator technology to vibration control of a flexible spacecraft. An approximate analytical dynamic model of a slewing flexible spacecraft with surface‐bonded piezoelectric sensors/actuators is developed using Hamilton's principle with discretization by assumed model method. To satisfy pointing requirements and simultaneously suppress vibration, two separate control loops are adopted. The first uses the piezoceramics as sensors and actuators to actively suppress certain flexible modes by designing a positive position feedback (PPF) compensators that add damping to the flexible structures in certain critical modes in the inner feedback loop; then a second feedback loop is designed using OSM control to slew the spacecraft. The OSM controller minimizes the expected value of a quadratic objective function consisting of only the states with the constraints that the error states always remain on the intersection of sliding surfaces. The advantage in this method is that the vibration reduction and attitude control are achieved separately in the two separate feedback loops, allowing the pointing requirements and simultaneous vibrations suppression to be satisfied independently of one another. An additional attraction of the design method is that the selection of PPF gain is determined by introducing a cost function to be minimized by the feedback gains which are subject to the stability criterion at the same time, such that the feedback gains are selected in a more systematical way to avoid the arbitrary selecting of feedback gains. The proposed control strategy has been implemented on a flexible spacecraft, which is a hub with a cantilever flexible beam appendage and can undergo a single axis rotation. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show the theoretical and practical merits of this approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Nitrite Amperometric Sensor and Its Application in Food Analysis
Authors: Yang Chunhai , Lu Qing , Hu Shengshui 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBrilliant cresyl blue (BCB), one of the phenoxazine dyes, was electropolymerized on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The resulting electroactive polymer film could provide more active sites for anodic oxidation of nitrite, based on which a novel nitrite sensor was developed. The optimized fabrication and sensing conditions were investigated. This sensor exhibited high sensitivity, low detection limit and simple operation toward the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite. It was successfully applied to the determination of nitrite in some food samples and the results were consistent with those obtained with the standard spectrophotometric procedure.
Identification of fibers at risk for degeneration by diffusion tractography in patients at high risk for MS after a clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Simon Jack H. , Zhang Song , Laidlaw David H. , Miller David E. , Brown Mark , Corboy John , Bennett Jeffrey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeFocal inflammatory/demyelinating lesions are thought to be the source of Wallerian degeneration or other injury to local, transiting fiber tracts in the brain or spinal cord in multiple sclerosis (MS). A methodology is established to isolate connections between focal demyelinating lesions and intersecting fibers to permit explicit analyses of the pathology of secondary fiber injury distant from the focal lesion.Materials and MethodsA strategy is described and feasibility demonstrated in three patients with a clinically isolated syndrome and positive MRI (at high risk for MS). The strategy utilizes streamtube diffusion tractography to identify neuronal fibers that intersect a focal lesion and pass through a region of interest, in this case the corpus callosum, where distal (to focal lesion) interrogation can be accomplished.ResultsA sizeable fraction of the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in the early stages of disease can be defined in the corpus callosum, which is distinctive in that this tissue connects to distant demyelinating lesions.ConclusionThe new class of tissue called fibers‐at‐risk for degeneration (FAR) can be identified and interrogated by a variety of quantitative MRI methodologies to better understand neuronal degeneration in MS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P2BAT: a massive parallel implementation of PBAT for genome-wide association studies in R
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Lange Christoph 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Summary: The software tool P2BAT provides a massive parallel and user friendly implementation of the PBAT-analysis tools for family-based association tests (FBATs) in large-scale studies, including genome-wide association studies with several thousand subjects. Built on the original PBAT-implementation of the Lange–Van Steen algorithm to bypass the multiple testing problem in family-based association studies, P2BAT integrates all PBAT-analysis tools for binary and complex traits into R and makes them accessible through a user-friendly GUI. The genome-wide analysis tools are fully automated and can be ran massively parallel directly through the GUI. P2BAT is fully documented and contains graphical output tools for time-to-onset analysis. P2BAT also features the ability to test for gene and environment/drug interaction.
Availability: The P2BAT package is available as the R package ‘pbatR’ which can be downloaded from . The PBAT-software is available at .
Contact: thoffman@hsph.harvard.edu
Hand‐held pulsed photothermal radiometry system to estimate epidermal temperature rise during laser therapy
Authors: Jung Byungjo , Kim Chang‐Seok , Choi Bernard , Stuart Nelson J. 
Published: October 2006

Background/purpose: During laser therapy of port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks in human skin, measurement of the epidermal temperature rise (ΔTepi) is important to determine the maximal permissible light dose. In order to measure ΔTepi on a specific PWS skin site, we developed an AC‐coupled hand‐held pulsed photothermal radiometry (PPTR) system, which overcomes the in vivo measurement limitations of bench‐top systems.Methods: The developed hand‐held PPTR system consists of an infrared (IR) lens, AC‐coupled thermoelectrically cooled IR detector, laser hand‐piece holder, and positioning aperture. The raw AC‐coupled signal was integrated to obtain a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The experimental temperature difference (ΔT) calibration was compared with theoretical computations. In vitro and in vivo measurements of ΔT were performed with a tissue phantom as a function of radiant exposure and human subject as a function of melanin concentration, respectively.Results: The integrated AC‐coupled signal provided higher SNR as compared with the raw AC‐coupled signal. The experimental ΔT calibration resulted in good agreements with the theoretical results. The in vitro and in vivo results also presented good agreements with theory.Conclusions: A fiber‐free, hand‐held AC‐coupled PPTR system is capable of accurate epidermis temperature rise (ΔTepi) measurements of human skin during pulsed laser exposure.
Isolation, molecular cloning and in vitro expression of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) prominin‐1.s1 complementary DNA encoding a potential hematopoietic stem cell antigen
Authors: Husain S. M. , Shou Y. , Sorrentino B. P. , Handgretinger R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHuman prominin‐1 (CD133 or AC133) is an important cell surface marker used to isolate primitive hematopoietic stem cells. The commercially available antibody to human prominin‐1 does not recognize rhesus prominin‐1. Therefore, we isolated, cloned and characterized the complementary DNA (cDNA) of rhesus prominin‐1 gene and determined its coding potential. Following the nomenclature of prominin family of genes, we named this cDNA as rhesus prominin‐1.s1. The amino acid sequence data of the putative rhesus prominin‐1.s1 could be used in designing antigenic peptides to raise antibodies for use in isolation of pure populations of rhesus prominin‐1+ hematopoietic cells. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previously published report about the isolation of a prominin‐1 cDNA from rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BRAIN AND KIDNEY GLYCOLIPIDS IN METACHROMATIC LEUCODYSTROPHY*
Authors: Malone Michael J. , Stoffyn Pierre 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYSulphatides and cerebrosides from white matter of brains of patients with metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD) have been isolated and compared in fatty acid composition to those glycolipids found in MLD kidney tissue. A marked difference in glycolipid composition was found between the brain and kidney tissues. The sulphatides accumulated in MLD kidney have the same fatty acid profile as those found in normal kidney tissue and are typical‘kidney sulphatides.’The neutral glycolipids of MLD kidney retain larger amounts of the longer chain acids than do the cerebrosides of MLD brain white matter and thus resemble more closely in fatty acid composition, glycolipids of normal tissue.Structurally, the sulfate group is located at the C‐3 position of the galactose molecule in sulphatides from normal and MLD tissue.As in the brain white matter, the sulphatides which accumulate in the kidney tissue of patients with MLD are normal in structure and composition.
EFFECT OF RESERPINE ADMINISTERED DURING INFANCY ON BRAIN CATECHOLAMINES AND ADULT BEHAVIOUR IN THE RAT*
Authors: Kulkarni A. S. , Thompson T. , Shideman F. E. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYReserpine (0.1 mg/kg/day) was administered to rats from 11 through 30 days of age. During and after administration of reserpine, concentrations of catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, in the brain were estimated. Levels of catecholamines were about 30 per cent of normal during the period of reserpine administration. Approximately 3 weeks were required for these levels to return to normal. When animals were 95‐100 days of age, they were deprived of food and were trained to press a bar for food. When the rate of responding became stable, the animals were subjected to three successive extinctions at daily intervals and the increase in response rate after the onset of each extinction was determined. This extinction‐induced increase in response rate was greater for previously reserpinized animals than controls during the second and third extinctions, but not the first. These findings are interpreted as a decreased ability of the animals, reserpinized during infancy, to learn to respond discriminatively during non‐reinforcement (extinction). Thus, an effect of reserpine administration during infancy on a type of behaviour in the adult has been demonstrated. This occurs after the catecholamine‐depleting effect of the reserpine has been fully dissipated.
IN VIVO INCORPORATION OF l‐[14C]SERINE INTO PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND PROTEINS OF THE SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS OF DEVELOPING RAT BRAIN*
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Ata A. , Abood Leo G. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYA study was conducted on the in vivo incorporation of l‐[14C]‐serine into the lipids and proteins of the various subcellular fractions of the developing rat brain before and during the stage of active myelination. The total radioactivity in the various fractions at 12 days of age was higher than that at 3 days, while the radioactive specific activity was reversed. The specific activities of the proteins and lipids were higher at 3 days of age with the exception of the subcellular fraction containing myelin. At both ages the lipids of the various cellular fractions had similar specific activities, a finding that suggests a common source for lipid biosynthesis. Incorporation of radioactivity into the various phospholipids was in the following order: phosphatidyl serine > phosphatidyl ethanolamine > phosphatidal serine > sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl choline. Of all the phospholipids, the plasmalogens increased most in total radioactivity during the period when meylination was most active. Serine‐containing phospholipids appear to be most tightly bound to proteins. The brain mitochrondrial fraction contained most of the phosphatidyl serine decarboxylase activity with some activity in the nuclei. Biosynthesis of phosphatdyil ethanolamine through decarboxylation of phosphatidyl serine could take place in rat brain. Four unidentified radioactive metabolites were found in the acid‐soluble fraction in addition to l‐[14C]serine.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEASES FROM RAT BRAIN*
Authors: Sung S.‐C. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Two distinctly different DNases were isolated from rat brain and could be separated easily by ammonium sulphate fractionation. One of the DNases acts optimally at pH 5.0 hydrolysing preferentially native DNA and requiring an optimal Mg2+ concentration of about 0.03 m. The other DNase has its optimal pH between 7.4 and 8.9, acts preferentially on heat‐denatured DNA and requires a lower Mg2+ concentration, the optimum being 1 × 10−4m.Cerebellum from adult rat brain has a lower acid DNase activity and higher alkaline DNase activity, and therefore has a higher ratio of alkaline DNase to acid DNase than the other areas of brain studied. This unique activity ratio in cerebellum of adult rat brain was not observed in infant rat brain.
INCORPORATION OF LABELLED PHOSPHATE INTO PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN SQUID GIANT AXONS
Authors: Larrabee M. G. , Brinley F. J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Inorganic phosphate labelled with 32P was applied to giant axons excised from squid (Loligo pealeii) by addition of 32Pi to the bathing solution, by injection into the axon, or by addition to axoplasm which had been separated from the sheath. The preparations were kept at 10 to 25° for various times up to 4 hr. When 32Pi was supplied by way of the bathing solution, axoplasm and sheath were usually separated at the end of incubation before extraction of the lipids. Lipids were extracted with chloroform‐methanol and resolved by paper chromatography.The lipids which became labelled appeared to be the same in sheath and axoplasm. They were identified by cochromatography with known lipids and by chromatography of products formed from them by mild alkaline hydrolysis. They included phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, and probably somelysophosphatidylethanolamine. Some labelled components remained unidentified.Phosphatidylcholine was apparently present, but did not become significantly labelled either in sheath or in axoplasm, or in a squid's stellate ganglion.There was no evidence that separation from the sheath impaired the capacity of the axoplasm for lipid synthesis.
BRAIN 4‐AMINOBUTYRATE
Authors: Sims K. L. , Witztum J. , Quick Colleen , Pitts F. N. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—A systematic study was made of aminobutyrate transaminase (4‐aminobutyrate: 2‐oxoglutarate aminotransferase, I.U.B.2.6.1.19) in the developing rat brain. Assays of enzymic activity were made in whole brain of seven to twenty‐one animals at each day of age from birth to day 30. The numerous analyses allowed statistical treatment and recognition of an abrupt change in the rate of synthesis of aminobutyrate transaminase, as judged by activity/g wet wt., beginning at day 12. From birth through day 11 there was a linear increase of low slope in enzymic activity, from day 12 through day 26 there was a linear increase of markedly increased slope. During the first period γ‐aminobutyrate increased from 14 to 25 m‐moles/kg fresh wt./hr; during the second the increase was from 25 to 113. The change of slope of linear increase in rat brain aminobutyrate transaminase began abruptly midway in the ‘critical period’ of rat brain development which extends roughly from day 10 to day 14. The onset of peak increase of rat brain succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (I.U.B.1.2.1.16) by contrast, occurred at day 6, heralded the ‘critical period’, and preceded by 6 days the onset of peak increase of the transaminase. These time‐locked changes in rate of increase of two enzymes of a biochemical pathway uniquely functional in neural tissue may be of significance in determining the development of the nervous system in the young animal.
TOPOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF ZINC IN HUMAN BRAIN BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY1
Authors: Hu K. H. , Friede R. L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for measuring the zinc content, in ppb (μg/1), of brain tissue. A new method for determining the correction factor of atomic absorption interference is described.Measurements of the zinc content of twenty‐four regions of adult human brains showed the maximum zinc content in resistent sector and endplate of the Amnion's horn, corroborating the histochemical data. The distribution of zinc in other regions was relatively uniform, but white matter showed lower values than gray matter. The zinc content of seventeen regions of human newborn brains was below that in adult brains, for all regions. The blood content of brain tissue contributed only insignificantly to its zinc content.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE TRANSPORT OF PROTEIN TO NERVE ENDINGS*
Authors: Barondes S. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMice were injected intracerebrally with [l‐14C]leucine, and the specific activities of subcellular fractions of brain and effractions of isolated nerve endings were determined. There was a progressive increase in the specific activity of protein associated with isolated nerve endings after incorporation of [l‐14C]leucine into whole brain protein had terminated. Although, the incorporation of [14C]leucine into soluble protein of whole brain did not differ significantly in mice which were 3 months or 1‐year old, the subsequent increase in specific activity of soluble protein isolated from nerve endings was significantly greater in the younger animals; 6‐month‐old mice were intermediate. Therefore, changes in some aspect of the transport of protein to nerve endings is altered even after sexual maturity.Anaesthetization with pentobarbitone during incorporation of [14C]leucine into protein, and inhibition of protein synthesis with acetoxycycloheximide after incorporation of [14C]leucine was complete, did not interfere with the subsequent appearance of radioactive protein at the nerve ending.Evidence is presented for the transport, from a proximal site of synthesis, of protein associated with particulate components of the nerve ending, including synaptic vesicles.
HISTOCHEMICAL MAPPING OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE AND MONOAMINE OXIDASE IN THEMEDULLA OBLONGATA AND CEREBELLUM OF SQUIRREL MONKEY (SAIMIRI SCIUREUS)
Authors: Manocha Sohan L. , Bourne Geoffrey H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— —The gross distribution of LDH and MAO was studied in a caudo‐cranial series of 50 μ thick sections through the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. In general, LDH exhibited a stronger reaction in the neuropil and in the perikarya, whereas MAO showed moderate activity in the neurons and mild to moderate activity in the neuropil. The axonal processes and nerve fibres showed comparatively stronger MAO activity. The nuclei gracilis, cuneatus medialis and lateralis, cranial nerve nuclei, olivaris inferior, vestibularis and cochlearis nuclei showed particularly strong LDH and equally weak MAO activities. The lateral part of the formato reticularis myelencephali showed much more MAO than did the medial part, whereas the LDH reaction was uniformly strong. The reticularis lateralis showed uniformly strong LDH and very mild MAO activities.In the cerebellar cortex, the MAO activity was concentrated in the molecular layer and nerve fibre layer, whereas LDH activity was particularly strong in the Purkinje cells and their processes in the molecular layer. The cerebellar nuclei showed strong LDH and weak MAO in the neutrons and stronger MAO and moderate LDH in the neuropil.
RELEASE OF [3H]SEROTONIN FROM BRAIN SLICES1
Authors: Chase T. N. , Katz R. I. , Kopin I. J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—1. Labelled serotonin ([3H]5‐HT) accumulated by slices of rat brain either in vivo or in vitro is released by depolarizing procedures such as electrical stimulation or high external potassium concentrations. Electrical stimulation predominantly affects the liberation of the unchanged amine, rather than of its principal metabolite, 5‐HIAA.2. Release of [3H]5‐HT does not appear to be calcium‐dependent.3. Amount of release parallels the density of serotonin‐containing nerve terminals in each of several cerebral regions tested. Release from several extracerebral tissues was similar to that obtained from cerebral tissues having relatively little endogenous 5‐HT.4. Electrically induced release of [3H]5‐HT is markedly inhibited by desipramine, chlorpromazine, LSD, lithium and ouabain.
SYNTHESIS OF RNA IN NEURONS OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE NUCLEUS, AFTER SECTION OF THE AXON, IN MICE
Authors: Haddad A. , Iucif Sálua , Cruz A. R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—Synthesis of RNA in neurons of the hypoglossal nerve nucleus after axonal section was studied by means of [5‐3H]uridine administration and radioautographic counting techniques in mice. The results of the experiments were evaluated by counts of silver grains over the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of the neurons. RNA synthesis was greater in neurons after axonal section, and this increase was evident from 12 hr after the operation. The greatest increases in the operated side were observed in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days after operation. In the 7th and 14th days RNA synthesis was still greater in the hypoglossal nucleus of the sectioned nerve but the difference in the control nucleus was not so striking. In the 30th day synthesis of RNA in left and right hypoglossal nuclei was comparable.