bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifocal Melanoacanthoma of the Gingiva and Hard Palate
Authors: Brooks John K. , Sindler Arnold J. , Papadimitriou John C. , Francis Laurie A.P. , Scheper Mark A. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Gingival melanoacanthoma is an uncommon reactive lesion, typically appearing as a solitary pigmented macule. This article reports a previously undescribed case of multifocal melanoacanthoma affecting the maxillary and mandibular gingiva and the hard palate. A literature review of melanoacanthoma of the gingiva is also provided.Methods: An otherwise healthy 60‐year‐old white female sought care for a periodic dental prophylaxis. The intraoral examination was remarkable for numerous painless, brown macular lesions in all four gingival quadrants and on the hard palate (eight on the gingiva and six on the palate). The lesions ranged in size from 2 to 4 mm. The patient had only been aware of one of these lesions, estimating its existence to be <1‐year duration. The unusual and widespread presentation of these lesions warranted biopsy.Results: On microscopy, all surgical specimens revealed an acanthotic population of epithelium, with dendritic melanocytes distributed throughout, and numerous melanophages contained in the connective tissue. The dendritic melanocytes were immunoreactive for HMB‐45 and S‐100. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the presence of keratinocytes and dendritic melanocytes containing melanosomes. A 5.5‐month follow‐up recall disclosed six new pigmented lesions (four on the gingiva and two on the hard palate), clinically identical to the previously discerned melanoacanthomas. There has been no recurrence of any of the biopsied lesions.Conclusions: Gingival melanoacanthomas may present as a solitary lesion or involve multiple sites. Pigmented gingival lesions of recent origin and without etiologic factors should undergo histopathologic review. A conservative biopsy for gingival melanoacanthoma may be sufficient for lesion identity and definitive treatment.
Amoxicillin and Metronidazole as an Adjunct to Full‐Mouth Scaling and Root Planing of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cionca Norbert , Giannopoulou Catherine , Ugolotti Giovanni , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: March 2009

Background: It has been suggested that scaling and root planing of all pockets within a few hours and chlorhexidine treatments (full‐mouth disinfection) may reduce the need for supplementary therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefit of amoxicillin and metronidazole administered immediately after completion of full‐mouth periodontal debridement in patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods: This was a single‐center, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized longitudinal study of 6 months' duration. Fifty‐one patients received full‐mouth periodontal debridement, performed within 48 hours. Twenty‐five subjects received metronidazole, 500 mg, and amoxicillin, 375 mg, three times a day for 7 days; 26 subjects received a placebo.Results: Forty‐seven patients could be followed up to month 6. No differences in clinical parameters were noted before treatment. The overall mean probing depth decreased from 4.3 ± 0.4 mm to 3.0 ± 0.2 mm in the test group and from 4.4 ± 0.4 mm to 3.1 ± 0.3 mm in the control group (P = 0.05, difference between groups). More importantly, test subjects had a significantly lower mean number of persisting pockets >4 mm and bleeding on probing that required further treatment (P = 0.005): 6 months after full‐mouth debridement plus antibiotics, only 0.4 ± 0.8 persisting pockets were still present, whereas 3.0 ± 4.3 persisting pockets were still present in the control group. The protective risk of the antibiotics for having more than one pocket deeper than 4 mm and bleeding on probing per subject after 6 months was 8.85.Conclusion: Systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin significantly improved the 6‐month clinical outcomes of full‐mouth non‐surgical periodontal debridement, thus significantly reducing the need for additional therapy.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging for morphometric analysis of the caudal cranial fossa in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Authors: Carrera Inés , Dennis Ruth , Mellor Dominic J. , Penderis Jacques , Sullivan Martin 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To perform morphometric analysis of the caudal cranial fossa in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), to assess the relationship between caudal fossa dimensions and the frequency of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of occipital abnormalities in CKCSs (with and without syringomyelia), and to compare caudal cranial fossa measurements in CKCSs with measurements of 2 groups of mesaticephalic dogs.
Animals—70 CKCSs and 80 mesaticephalic (control) dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were placed into 4 groups as follows: Labrador Retrievers (n = 40), spaniel-type dogs (40; English Springer Spaniels and Cocker Spaniels), CKCSs with syringomyelia (55), and CKCSs without syringomyelia (15). Multiple morphometric measurements (linear, angular, and area) were obtained from cranial midsagittalT2-weighted magnetic resonance images including the brain and cervical portion of the spinal cord. Several specific MRI findings were also recorded for CKCSs that appeared to affect the occipital bone and cervicomedullary junction.
Results—No significant difference was identified among breeds in control groups and between sexes in any of the groups for all morphometric measurements. Significant differences were identified in CKCSs, compared with mesaticephalic dogs, in the area of the caudal cranial fossa and for several linear measurements that reflected the length of the ventral aspect of the occipital bone. These differences were greater in CKCSs with syringomyelia. All CKCSs had abnormalities in occipital bone shape.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CKCSs had a shallower caudal cranial fossa and abnormalities of the occipital bone, compared with those of mesaticephalic dogs. These changes were more severe in CKCSs with syringomyelia.
Effect of long-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite on performance and selected serum biochemical values in dairy goats
Authors: Katsoulos Panagiotis D. , Zarogiannis Sotirios , Roubies Nikolaos , Christodoulopoulos Georgios 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite on health and production as well as serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, macroelements and trace elements, and activities of hepatic enzymes in dairy goats.
Animals—72 Saanen-cross dairy goats.
Procedures—Goats were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The clinoptilolite group (n = 36) received concentrate feed, of which 2.5% contained clinoptilolite; the control group (36) received unsupplemented feed. The experiment began 8 weeks before parturition and continued to the beginning of the next nonlactating period (280 days of lactation). At the day of parturition, kids were weighed. Milk yields were recorded at day 60 of lactation and thereafter at monthly intervals. Milk percentages of fat, protein, and lactose and somatic cell count (SCC) were evaluated at the same points. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the experiment, the day of parturition, and thereafter at monthly intervals to measure serum concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, macroelements and trace elements, and activities of hepatic enzymes.
Results—Birth weights of triplets and quadruplets were significantly higher in clinoptilolite-treated goats versus control goats. Milk fat percentage was significantly higher and SCC was significantly lower in clinoptilolite-treated goats, compared with respective values in control goats. However, no changes in serum concentrations of any variable were detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the context of this experiment, clinoptilolite supplementation of concentrate feed at 2.5% improved milk fat percentage in dairy goats, without adverse effects on the serum variables evaluated. Furthermore, the reduction of SCC achieved with clinoptilolite supplementation provided some evidence of improved milk hygiene.
Effects of in vitro exposure to hay dust on the gene expression of chemokines and cell-surface receptors in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures established from horses with chronic recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Ainsworth Dorothy M. , Matychak MaryBeth , Reyner Claudia L. , Erb Hollis N. , Young Jean C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To examine effects of in vitro exposure to solutions of hay dust, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or β-glucan on chemokine and cell-surface receptor (CSR) gene expression in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures (BECCs) established from healthy horses and horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).
Sample Population—BECCs established from bronchial biopsy specimens of 6 RAO-affected horses and 6 healthy horses.
Procedures—5-day-old BECCs were treated with PBS solution, hay dust solutions, LPS, or β-glucan for 6 or 24 hours. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), IL-1β, toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, IL-1 receptor 1, and glyceraldehyde 3–phosphate dehydrogenase was measured with a kinetic PCR assay.
Results—Treatment with PBS solution for 6 or 24 hours was not associated with a significant difference in chemokine or CSR expression between BECCs from either group of horses. In all BECCs, treatment with hay dust or LPS for 6 hours increased IL-8, CXCL2, and IL-1β gene expression > 3-fold; at 24 hours, only IL-1β expression was upregulated by > 3-fold. In all BECCs, CSR gene expression was not increased following any treatment. With the exception of a 3.7-fold upregulation of CXCL2 in BECCs from RAO-affected horses (following 6-hour hay dust treatment), no differences in chemokine or CSR gene expression were detected between the 2 groups. At 24 hours, CXCL2 gene expression in all BECCs was downregulated.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Epithelial CXCL2 upregulation in response to hay dust particulates may incite early airway neutrophilia in horses with RAO.
Identification of potential on-farm sources of Listeria monocytogenes in herds of dairy cattle
Authors: Mohammed Hussni O. , Stipetic Korana , McDonough Patrick L. , Gonzalez Ruben N. , Nydam Daryl V. , Atwill Edward R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To elucidate the ecology of Listeria monocytogenes on dairy cattle farms by determining the prevalence of the organism in various samples.
Sample Population—Dairy cattle operations in central New York State.
Procedures—A repeated cross-sectional study design was used. Various samples were obtained from cattle (feces, composite udder milk, and udders), their environment (silage, feed bunks, water troughs, and floor bedding), inline milk filters, and bulk tank milk from 50 dairy farms. Samples were tested for L monocytogenes by use of a PCR assay with 2 steps of bacterial enrichment. Data were analyzed with mixed-effect logistic regression to control for the potential clustering of L monocytogenes on particular farms.
Results—L monocytogenes was detected in composite milk, udder swab samples, and fecal samples at prevalences of 13%, 19%, and 43%, respectively. There was no significant clustering of the pathogen by farm. Listeria monocytogenes was more common in samples obtained from cattle and the environment during winter and summer versus the fall. The prevalence of L monocytogenes was twice as high in samples obtained from feed bunks, water troughs, and bedding, compared with that in samples obtained from silage (65%, 66%, 55%, and 30%, respectively).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—L monocytogenes was more prevalent in samples obtained from dairy cattle and their environment than in milk samples. Strategies to control the pathogen in dairy operations should focus on cow hygiene and sanitary milk harvesting on the farm.
Effects of feline herpesvirus type 1 on tear film break-up time, Schirmer tear test results, and conjunctival goblet cell density in experimentally infected cats
Authors: Lim Christine C. , Reilly Christopher M. , Thomasy Sara M. , Kass Philip H. , Maggs David J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) on tear film breakup time (TFBUT) and Schirmer tear test (STT) values in cats with primary experimental infection and to determine the relationship betweenTFBUT and STT values and conjunctival goblet cell density (GCD).
Sample Population—9 specific-pathogen–free cats of approximately 6 months of age.
Procedures—6 cats were inoculated with FHV-1; 3 control cats were sham inoculated. Clinical and histologic evidence of conjunctivitis and TFBUT, GCD, and STT values were assessed at multiple times until postinoculation day (PID) 29.
Results—In infected cats, mean clinical and histologic conjunctivitis scores peaked at PID 7 and remained above baseline at PID 29. In control cats, these 2 variables did not change from baseline throughout the study. MeanTFBUT declined rapidly in infected cats up to PID 15 and at PID 29 remained less than baseline, less than for control cats, and below refer-ence range values. Mean STT value for infected cats at PID 29 was increased from baseline but was within the reference range and not different from the value for control cats. Mean GCD in infected cats declined precipitously by PID 7 and remained below reference range values at PID 29. Mean GCD in control cats remained unchanged for the duration of the study period.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—FHV-1 induced qualitative tear film abnormalities in experimentally infected cats, as measured by TFBUT and GCD. Assessment of TFBUT provided a reasonable clinical estimate of GCD.
Evaluation of the influence of melatonin implants during the gestation period in sheep from a selenium-deficient region
Authors: Andrés Santiago , Sánchez Joaquín , Jiménez Antonio 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the possible effect of melatonin implants on blood glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity and in the prevention of selenium (Se)-responsive disorders in sheep from an Se-deficient region.
Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Animals—100 Merino ewes.
Procedures—Ewes of the same age, parity, body weight, body condition, and reproductive and health history were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 groups (control and implanted) of 50 sheep each. Treatment consisted of implants of melatonin (18 g) administered SC in the pinna of the right ear 6 weeks prior to introduction of rams. The control group did not receive implants. Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses were performed at various points before and after treatment, in addition to determinations of erythrocyte mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) and blood GSHPx activity. The incidence of Se-responsive disorders in lambs was recorded in both groups.
Results—Hematologic and serum biochemical analyses yielded values within respective reference ranges for both groups. Significant differences between groups were evident in MCF at early mating (lower in the implanted group vs the control group) and in blood GSHPx activity at early mating, gestation, and early lambing (higher in the implanted group vs the control group). There were significantly fewer lambs with nutritional myodystrophy in the implanted versus the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of melatonin implants in sheep may improve reproductive performance and yield an earlier start of breeding season. The stimulating effect of melatonin on GSHPx activity may protect against oxidative damage during the first stage of gestation.
Comparison of the analgesic properties of transdermally administered fentanyl and intramuscularly administered buprenorphine during and following experimental orthopedic surgery in sheep
Authors: Ahern Benjamin J. , Soma Lawrance R. , Boston Raymond C. , Schaer Thomas P. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the analgesic properties of transdermally administered fentanyl and IM administered buprenorphine in sheep undergoing unilateral tibial osteotomy.
Animals—20 mature sheep.
Procedures—Fentanyl patches (n = 15 sheep) or placebo patches (5 sheep) were applied 12 hours before sheep underwent general anesthesia and a unilateral tibial osteotomy. Buprenorphine was administered to the placebo group every 6 hours commencing at time of induction. Signs of pain were assessed every 12 hours after surgery by 2 independent observers unaware of treatment groups.
Results—There were no differences in preoperative and intraoperative physiologic data between the 2 groups. Sheep treated with fentanyl required less preoperative administration of diazepam for sedation and had significantly lower postoperative pain scores, compared with those treated with buprenorphine. No complications associated with the antebrachium at the site of patch application were detected.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Under the conditions of this study, transdermally administered fentanyl was a superior option to IM administered buprenorphine for alleviation of postoperative orthopedic pain in sheep. This information can be used to assist clinicians in the development of a rational analgesic regimen for research and clinical patients.
Conformationally Homogeneous Heterocyclic Pseudotetrapeptides as Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds for Rational Drug Design: Receptor‐Selective Somatostatin Analogues
Authors: Beierle John M. , Horne W. Seth , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Waser Beatrice , Reubi Jean Claude , Ghadiri M. Reza 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAmid‐Ersatz: Ein 1,4‐disubstituiertes 1,2,3‐Triazol fungierte als Ersatz für eine trans‐Amidbindung zur Erstellung einer Bibliothek von 16 diastereomeren Pseudotetrapeptiden als β‐Turn‐Mimetika. Eine Strukturanalyse bei hoher Auflösung zeigte, dass diese Gerüste charakteristische starre β‐Turn‐artige Strukturen mit homogener Konformation einnehmen (siehe Beispiel), von denen einige selektiv an Somatostatinrezeptoren binden und einige eine Breitbandaktivität zeigen.magnified image
Polyketide‐Chain Branching by an Enzymatic Michael Addition
Authors: Kusebauch Björn , Busch Benjamin , Scherlach Kirstin , Roth Martin , Hertweck Christian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new “branch” for polyketide synthases was discovered in the biosynthesis of the antimitotic rhizoxin complex in the endofungal bacterium Burkholderia rhizoxinica. Genetic engineering and the structural elucidation of pathway intermediates revealed that a complex polyketide chain is branched at the β position by an unprecedented conjugate addition of an acetyl building block to an acryloyl precursor (see scheme).magnified image
Konzept zum Nachweis der Erdbebengefährdung von Querschutzbauwerken in Wildbächen
Authors: Strauss Alfred , Bergmeister Konrad , Wendner Roman , Hübl Johannes , Rudolf‐Miklau Florian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSchutzbauwerke sind ein Bestandteil der Wildbachverbauung und können je nach ihrer Bedeutung beispielsweise in Schlüsselbauwerke oder Standardbauwerke und je nach ihrer Funktion in Dosier, Rückhaltesperren, Filter etc. differenziert werden. Für diese unterschiedlichen Sperrentypen gibt es zahlreiche Überlegungen bezüglich Einwirkungsarten und Einwirkungskombinationen, jedoch wurde bisher kaum die Erdbebenbeanspruchung innerhalb eines Kombinationslastfalls beim Entwurf von Wildbachsperren untersucht. Da diese jedoch für Staubecken eine Leiteinwirkung darstellt, liegt es nahe, den Einfluss dieses Nachweises auf die Bemessung zu untersuchen. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es daher, (a) Verfahren für den vereinfachten Erdbebennachweis von Sperren der Klasse III (Wildbachsperren) zu zeigen, (b) auf probabilistischer Ebene die Notwendigkeit eines Erdbebennachweises im Vergleich mit den zur Zeit praktizierten Bemessungsansätzen zu prüfen und (c) ein für den Praktiker einfach handhabbares Instrument zur Bestimmung der Notwendigkeit eines Erdbebennachweises, z. B. in Form von Karten, zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Concepts of Intentional Control
Authors: Kröber Hans‐Ludwig 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhether a perpetrator with a mental disorder was able to act according to his insight into the unlawfulness of the intended act, or whether his ability to control his drives and criminal intentions was severely diminished, is a central aspect of legal responsibility as defined by the German penal code. This article aims to give the legal concept of capacity to control an empirical, psychological background. This concept is intrinsically interwoven with motivation, conscious decision‐making and volition as well as with the ability to convert intention into action. For neuroscientific research, it is important to have a valid psychological model of decision making. This article presents a psychological model of intentional action control and the problem of deactualization. It proposes a differentiation between the executive and the motivational capacities of controlling one's decisions and actions, each of which can separately be disturbed by various mental disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of forensic psychiatry in mental health systems in Europe
Authors: Nedopil Norbert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground Forensic psychiatry at first glance seems to differ from one country to another due to different historical developments, different legal systems and different mental health systems. In spite of that, forensic psychiatry has several goals shared across countries, principally:

assurance of treatment for severely mentally ill people who become delinquent;
giving evidence to courts in cases when the offender's mental responsibility is in question;
working effectively at the interface of the law and psychiatry, and, in so doing, working well with other clinical and non‐clinical professionals in the field;
preventing relapse of offenders with mental disorder.

In order to achieve these goals, special knowledge and skills must be developed, especially in assessment and management of violence and sexual deviance and of the risk of these behaviours, incorporating techniques developed in neighbouring disciplines.One of the greatest challenges in the development of forensic psychiatry lies in its relationship with general psychiatry. It is arguable that the specialization of psychiatry into sub‐specialties has lead to loss of some skills in general psychiatry and to a ‘forensification’ of people who would previously have been treated as general psychiatry patients.Aims In partnership, however, general and forensic psychiatrists could potentially achieve more than either group on its own: They could better

prevent people with mental illness from becoming offenders
prevent people with mental illness from becoming victims of crime
intervene in the vicious circle from victim to perpetrator
assess young people at risk for antisocial behaviour and protect them from becoming criminals

Clinical research on these topics is just beginning and this article argues for a close integration of forensic psychiatry into the wider mental health system and for a more intensive exchange of knowledge and skills from forensic psychiatry to general psychiatry and vice versa. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.