bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zum 75. Jahrgang von STAHLBAU
Authors: Kurrer Karl‐Eugen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAm 6. April 1928 erschien das erste Heft dieser Zeitschrift als monatliche Beilage der Zeitschrift “Die Bautechnik”. Nach Einstellung der 1910 begründeten, über zwei Jahrzehnte existierenden Zeitschrift “Der Eisenbau” verfügte der Stahlbau wieder über eine deutschsprachige Zeitschrift. Die Zeitschrift “Der Stahlbau” führte nicht nur die Publikationskultur von “Der Eisenbau” fort, sondern setzte auch neue Maßstäbe. So formulierten Verlag und Schriftleitung im Geleitwort des ersten Heftes folgende Aufgaben: “Die Zeitschrift ‘Der Stahlbau’ will vorbildliche Stahlbauten aller Art in Wort und Bild darstellen. Sie will die Eigenart und Güte der Bauweise aufzeigen. Sie will aufklärend bei den Bauherren und Baumeistern wirken. Sie will Wissenschaft und Kunst des Stahlbaues fördern, nicht zuletzt auch die wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhänge, soweit sie für die vorgenannten Aufgaben von Bedeutung sind, behandeln”. Dieser Aufgabenstellung ist der Verlag Ernst & Sohn und die Zeitschrift STAHLBAU nach wie vor verpflichtet. Gleichwohl zeigte die Geschichte und zeigt die gegenwärtige Lage im Stahlbau, daß sich die Zeitschrift STAHLBAU stets neuartigen Herausforderungen stellte und stellt, welche im folgenden exemplarisch aus dem 1. bis 24., dem 25. bis 49., dem 50. bis 74. und dem 75. Jahrgang von STAHLBAU skizziert werden. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eleganz in Stahl – Erweiterung der Wiener Stadthalle
Authors: Jerabek Helmut , Raunicher Albert P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDie Wiener Stadthalle, von Architekt Roland Rainer 1955 bis 1958 errichtet und bis 1994 erweitert, verfügt über eine zentrale große Veranstaltungshalle für bis zu 16000 Personen und über vier weitere Hallen unterschiedlicher Größe und Funktionen sowie über ein Hallenbad. Nunmehr wurde das Ensemble mit der “Halle F”, einer Veranstaltungshalle für ca. 2000 Personen, komplettiert. Der architektonische Entwurf harmoniert in der Formensprache mit den bestehenden Gebäuden und ergänzt diese ideal. Über einem Untergeschoß aus Stahlbeton erhebt sich eine leichte Stahlkonstruktion mit weit gespannten und auskragenden Vollwandträgern sowie räumlichen Fachwerken, Hängekonstruktionen und oft sehr feingliedrigen Tragelementen aus Vollmaterial. Beengte Platzverhältnisse bedeuteten für Planung und Montage eine zusätzliche Herausforderung. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die ersten geschweißten Stahlbrücken in Deutschland – Über die wechselvollen Anfänge der Schweißtechnik
Authors: Voormann Friedmar , Pfeifer Matthias , Trautz Martin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVor rund 80 Jahren begann man damit, die Schweißtechnik – namentlich die Lichtbogenschweißung – zunächst bei der Reparatur und Ertüchtigung, dann auch beim Neubau von Brücken einzusetzen. Nach anfänglicher Skepsis der Baubehörden und damit verbundener Zurückhaltung vieler Bauschaffender gegenüber der neuen, im Maschinenbau bereits in den Jahren vor dem 1. Weltkrieg eingeführten Verbindungstechnik, nahm die Schweißtechnik im Stahlbau Anfang der 30er Jahre eine geradezu stürmische Entwicklung. Diese Euphorie wurde nur wenige Jahre später durch mehrere spektakuläre Schadensfälle an Brücken aus hochwertigem Baustahl der Güte St52 gedämpft. Nachdem durch umfangreiche wissenschaftliche Versuche die Schadensursachen geklärt werden konnten, etablierte sich das Schweißen spätestens in den 1960er Jahren endgültig als wichtigste Fügetechnik im Stahlbrückenbau. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Neue Untersuchungen zum Ermüdungsverhalten von Kopfbolzendübeln
Authors: Hanswille Gerhard , Porsch Markus , Üstündag Cenk 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDie Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit und der Lebensdauer von Kopfbolzendübeln in hochzyklisch belasteten Verbundtragwerken erfolgt in den derzeitigen nationalen und europäischen Regelwerken mit getrennten Nachweisen in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit, der Ermüdung und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit. Ein möglicher Einfluß aus der Vorschädigung infolge der Ermüdungsbeanspruchung wird beim Nachweis des Grenzzustandes der Tragfähigkeit unter γ‐fachen Einwirkungen nicht berücksichtigt. Es wird über neue Forschungsergebnisse und umfangreiche experimentelle Untersuchungen berichtet, die bei einer hochzyklischen Belastung den Einfluß des Rißwachstums durch den Dübelfuß und die lokale Schädigung des Betons vor dem Dübel auf die Tragfähigkeit berücksichtigen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen neue Berechnungsmodelle zur Vorhersage der Lebensdauer und der statischen Resttragfähigkeit ermüdungsbeanspruchter Kopfbolzendübel sowie die Entwicklung einer verbesserten Schadensakkumulationshypothese. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plant form based on the pipe model theory II. Quantitative analysis of ramification in morphology
Authors: Chiba Yukihiro 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRamification in tree structure was investigated by the main axis cutting method, which differs from the ordinary stratified clipping method. An axis running from the arbitrary terminal leader of the shoot to the stem base was termed the “main axis”. Cutting the main axis into pieces of constant length gives the “segment layer”, which consists of segments of the main axis and all branches and leaves diverging from the respective segments. There was a linear relationship between the weight of a main axis segment (in the range where leaves exist) of constant length and that of all the parts above the segment. Since plant form is determined by branches diverging regularly from the mother branch or stem, this linear relationship is considered to support the concept of the pipe model theory. It is also suggested that the proportionality constant of the linear relationship may specify the branching structure or ramifications of plant form.
A vegetation‐ecological approach to the classification and evaluation of potential natural vegetation of the Fagetea crenatae region in Tohoku (northern Honshu), Japan
Authors: Ohno Keiichi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new vegetation‐ecological approach is proposed for classification and evaluation of vegetation zones by means of phytosociological landscape analysis, based on the potential natural vegetation. The study area is the “Fagetea crenatae region” of the cool‐temperate zone of Tohoku (northern Honshu) and the northern parts of Kanto. The area was divided into 953 geographic quadrats on a base map at a scale of 1 ∶ 500000. Based on climax complexes of vegetation in each quadrat, 55 community sub‐groups were distinguished as basic units of community complex and vegetation landscapes. The community sub‐groups were then grouped into 17 larger community groups by the phytosociological table method. As a result, three phytogeographic vegetation zones (Japan Sea side, inland areas and Pacific side) were classified. For each of these community sub‐groups, five geographical and climatic variables (average altitude, mean annual temperature, Kira's warmth index, annual precipitation and mean annual maximum snow depth) were averaged, and the community sub‐groups in the same community group, which resembled each other ecologically, were assembled into 28 clusters. The clusters were combined into 11 ecological groups by means of Pearson's similarity ratio of geographical and climatic characteristics. By comparing these ecological groups as a vegetation complex, four phytogeographic vegetation zones (Japan Sea side, inland areas, Pacific side and northern Honshu) corresponding to each potential natural vegetation region with distinct environmental characteristics, were newly classified.
Litterfall in a secondary forest with special reference to the relationships between leaf‐fall rate, basal area and relative growth rate on a species basis
Authors: Sumida Akihiro 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTotal basal area (BA), mean relative growth rate of individual basal area (RGRbam), annual leaf‐fall rate (L), and number of trees (N) on a species basis were measured in a secondary forest mixed with evergreen and deciduous trees in the warm‐temperate zone of Japan. Every species had a characteristic tree size and composed the tree and the shrub layers. The layer for each species, and the tree size of the species were represented by the species mean basal area per tree (BA/N or bam). A power form equation was obtained for the relation between the species mean leaf‐fall rate per tree (L/N or lm) and bam. RGRbam was correlated with leaf‐fall rate per unit basal area (L/BA) rather than with bam. This suggested that RGRbam is associated less with mean tree size (bam) and dominance as total basal area (BA), and more with annual leaf production per unit basal area, provided that L is equal to the annual leaf production per species. Rhus succedanea, the most dominant species in the forest plot, was typical in that it showed lower values of RGRbam and L/BA than other tree species. This would suggest a decline of R. succedanea in a secondary forest.
Co‐occurrence of the cirolanid isopod Eurydice nipponica Bruce & Jones and the ghost shrimp Callianasa japonica Ortmann on an intertidal sand flat
Authors: Tamaki Akio , Suzukawa Kenji 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOn a moderately protected intertidal sand flat in west Kyushu, Japan, most of the population of the cirolanid isopod Eurydice nipponica Bruce & Jones (89%–100%) was found in the zones occupied by the thalassinidean ghost shrimp Callianassa japonica Ortmann in July, August and December 1980. C. japonica later extensively expanded its habitat, and in July 1984, when almost the whole sand flat had been densely populated by C. japonica, the range of the distribution of E. nipponica was the same as that of C. japonica with a density about 10 times greater than in July 1980. The occurrence of E. nipponica has previously been recorded from several exposed sandy beaches as well as their adjacent subtidal areas of well oxygenated sands along the coast of Kyushu, but not on more protected shores like the present sand flat. It is suggested that C. japonica, through its bioturbating activities, produces sediment characteristics approximating those of the exposed sandy beaches which are the preferred habitat of E. nipponica. It is supposed that E. nipponica is a facultative commensal of C. japonica. In a field experiment to exclude C. japonica and to detect its positive influence on E. nipponica, the densities of E. nipponica were found to be lower in the experimental plots than in the intact plots. Statistically, however, the difference was only weakly significant, and the possible reasons for this are discussed.
Diagnosis and management of trimethylaminuria (FMO3 deficiency) in children
Authors: Chalmers R. A. , Bain M. D. , Michelakakis H. , Zschocke J. , Iles R. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPersistent trimethylaminuria in children is caused by autosomal recessively inherited impairment of hepatic trimethylamine (TMA) oxidation due to deficiency of flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) secondary to mutations in the FMO3 gene. Trimethylaminuria or ‘fish odour syndrome’ is due to excessive excretion into body fluids and breath of TMA derived from the enterobacterial metabolism of dietary precursors. The disorder is present from birth but becomes apparent as foods containing high amounts of choline or of trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) from marine (sea or saltwater) fish are introduced into the diet. In our experience, trimethylaminuria (FMO3 deficiency) in children is rare. We have compared the dynamics and diagnostic efficacy of choline loading with marine fish meals in six children with trimethylaminuria. Loading with a marine fish meal provides a simple and acceptable method for confirmation of diagnosis of suspected trimethylaminuria in children, with the effects being cleared more quickly than with a choline load test. However, oral loading with choline bitartrate allows estimation of residual oxidative capacity in vivo and is a useful adjunct to molecular studies. Patients homozygous for the ‘common’ P153L mutation in the FMO3 gene showed virtual complete lack of residual TMA N‐oxidative capacity, consistent with a nonfunctional or absent FMO3 enzyme, whereas a patient with the M82T mutation showed some residual oxidative capacity. A patient compound heterozygous for two novel mutations, G193E and R483T, showed considerable residual N‐oxidative capacity. A further patient, heterozygous for two novel sequence variations in the FMO3 gene, consistently showed malodour and elevated urinary TMA/TMAO ratios under basal conditions but a negative response to both choline and marine fish meal loading. Comparison of the effects of administration of antibiotics (metronidazole, amoxicillin, neomycin) on gut bacterial production of trimethylamine from choline showed they all reduced TMA production to a limited extent, with neomycin being most effective. ‘Best‐practice’ diagnostic and treatment guidelines are summarized.
Environmental changes and the Migration Period in northern Germany as reflected in the sediments of Lake Dudinghausen
Authors: Dreßler Mirko , Selig Uwe , Dörfler Walter , Adler Sven , Schubert Hendrik , Hübener Thomas 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPaleolimnological techniques were used to identify environmental changes in and around Lake Dudinghausen (northern Germany) over the past 4800 yr. Diatom-inferred total phosphorus (DI-TP) changes identify four phases of high nutrient levels (2600–2200 BC, 1050–700 BC, 500 BC–AD 100 and AD 1850–1970). During these high DI-TP phases, fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and archaeological records indicate human activities in the lake catchment. Although the same paleo-indicators suggest increased human settlement and agriculture activity during the late Slavonic Age, the Medieval Time and the Modern Time (AD 1000–1850), DI-TP levels were low during this period. In the sediments, iron and total phosphorus were high from ∼AD 100 to 1850, likely due to increased inflow of iron-rich groundwater into the lake. Increased iron input would have lead to a simultaneous binding and precipitation of phosphate in the upper sediment and overlying water column. As a result, anthropogenic impact on Lake Dudinghausen was masked by these phosphorus-controlling processes from AD 1000 to 1850 and was not evident by means of DI-TP. In accordance with fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and limited archaeological records, DI-TP levels were low from AD 100–1000. Groundwater levels likely rose during this period as the climate gradually changed toward colder and/or moister conditions. Such climate change likely led to reduced settlement activities and forest regeneration in the catchment area. Our results are concordant with similar studies from central Europe which indicate rapid decreasing settlement activities from AD 100 to 1000.
Full-glacial paleosols in perennially frozen loess sequences, Klondike goldfields, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Sanborn Paul T. , Smith C.A. Scott , Froese Duane G. , Zazula Grant D. , Westgate John A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPerennially frozen loess deposits in the Klondike goldfields include paleosols formed in full-glacial environments, correlated by Alaskan distal tephra with Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 2 and 4. Patterns of organic and inorganic carbon and clay distribution, microstructures, and profile morphologies indicate that soil formation occurred in a base-rich environment in which organic matter accreted predominantly as root detritus. At sites approximately 20 km apart, the expression of cryoturbation and ice wedge development decreases in strength upward in loess–paleosol sequences correlated with MIS 4, suggesting increasing aridity. Configurations of cryoturbation features and ice-wedge thaw unconformities, the presence of numerous ground squirrel burrows, and an absence of peat accumulation suggest that these substrates were predominantly well-drained, with active layers of equal or greater thickness than in modern soils on similar sites in the west-central Yukon. Some characteristics of these paleosols are similar to those of modern steppe and tundra soils, consistent with plant macrofossil evidence for local ecological diversity during full-glacial conditions in eastern Beringia.
Intrinsically disordered C-terminal segments of voltage-activated potassium channels: a possible fishing rod-like mechanism for channel binding to scaffold proteins
Authors: Magidovich Elhanan , Fleishman Sarel J. , Yifrach Ofer 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Membrane-embedded voltage-activated potassium channels (Kv) bind intracellular scaffold proteins, such as the Post Synaptic Density 95 (PSD-95) protein, using a conserved PDZ-binding motif located at the channels' C-terminal tip. This interaction underlies Kv-channel clustering, and is important for the proper assembly and functioning of the synapse. Here we demonstrate that the C-terminal segments of Kv channels adjacent to the PDZ-binding motif are intrinsically disordered. Phylogenetic analysis of the Kv channel family reveals a cluster of channel sequences belonging to three out of the four main channel families, for which an association is demonstrated between the presence of the consensus terminal PDZ-binding motif and the intrinsically disordered nature of the immediately adjacent C-terminal segment. Our observations, combined with a structural analogy to the N-terminal intra-molecular ball-and-chain mechanism for Kv channel inactivation, suggest that the C-terminal disordered segments of these channel families encode an inter-molecular fishing rod-like mechanism for K+ channel binding to scaffold proteins.
Contact: ofery@bgu.ac.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GRAST: a new way of genome reduction analysis using comparative genomics
Authors: Toft Christina , Fares Mario A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Establishment of intra-cellular life involved a profound re-configuration of the genetic characteristics of bacteria, including genome reduction and rearrangements. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these phenomena will shed light on the genome rearrangements essential for the development of an intra-cellular lifestyle. Comparison of genomes with differences in their sizes poses statistical as well as computational problems. Little efforts have been made to develop flexible computational tools with which to analyse genome reduction and rearrangements.
Results: Investigation of genome reduction and rearrangements in endosymbionts using a novel computational tool (GRAST) identified gathering of genes with similar functions. Conserved clusters of functionally related genes (CGSCs) were detected. Heterogeneous gene and gene cluster non-functionalization/loss are identified between genome regions, functional gene categories and during evolution. Results show that gene non-functionalisation has accelerated during the last 50 MY of Buchnera's evolution while CGSCs have been static.
Availability: Software is available at
Contact: mario.fares@nuim.ie
FOULING ON EELGRASS (ZOSTERA MARINA L.)1
Authors: Sieburth John McN. , Thomas Cynthia D. 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARYThe diatom Cocconeis scutellum (Meunier) colonizes the surface of young plants emerging from the mud in the spring and the usually emersed plant tips as they are knocked over and become immersed in the fall to form a virtually unialgal mat. Broken frustules and detritus adhere to form a crust which then becomes colonized nonselectively by a variety of microorganisms. Removal of the crust shows that the original “cobblestone” surface of the eelgrass is obscured with a layer of deformed cells of C. scutellum which appears to be impressed into the epithelium.
Physicians’ approaches to the use of gastroprotective strategies in low‐risk non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users
Authors: MURTHY S. K. , KAULDHER S. , TARGOWNIK L. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackgroundMany doctors unnecessarily prescribe gastroprotective strategies to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs users at low risk of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐related gastrointestinal complications.AimTo identify factors that predict the overuse of gastroprotective strategies in low‐risk non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users.MethodsWe distributed a questionnaire to family doctors and general internists consisting of a clinical vignette describing a low‐risk hypothetical patient with osteoarthritis who was a candidate for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy. Respondents were asked whether they would prescribe this patient a gastroprotective strategy and to estimate the annual risk of that patient developing a gastrointestinal complication with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use. Respondents inappropriately recommending a gastroprotective strategy were compared with respondents who opted not to use gastroprotection.ResultsWe received 340 responses (response rate of 28.3%), of which 278 supplied analysable data. Thirty‐five percent of respondents inappropriately recommended a gastroprotective strategy for the low‐risk subject. Inappropriate prescribers were significantly more likely to overestimate the risk of gastrointestinal complications with traditional non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and this was strongly predictive of gastroprotective strategy recommendation in logistic regression.ConclusionsMany doctors inappropriately recommend gastroprotective strategies in low‐risk non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug users. Improving doctors’ awareness of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐associated gastrointestinal risks may lead to a decrease in inappropriate utilization of gastroprotective strategies in low‐risk patients.
Barley and rye prolamins induce an mRNA interferon‐γ response in coeliac mucosa
Authors: BRACKEN S. C. , KILMARTIN C. , WIESER H. , JACKSON J. , FEIGHERY C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackgroundIn coeliac disease, wheat, barley and rye are traditionally excluded in the gluten‐free diet. However, few studies have examined the small intestinal immune response to barley and rye.AimTo investigate the immunogenicity of barley and rye prolamins (hordein and secalin respectively) in comparison with wheat gliadin.MethodsDuodenal biopsies from 22 coeliac patients and 23 disease controls were cultured for 4 h with gliadin, hordein or secalin and compared with culture medium alone. Proinflammatory cytokines, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐2, were quantified by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsHordein caused the greatest increase in interferon‐γ mRNA in coeliac patients (median: 3.3‐fold) in comparison with control subjects (median: 0.28‐fold, P < 0.085). Secalin and gliadin induced similar levels of interferon‐γ mRNA with median fold‐changes of 3.4 and 2.8, respectively, in coeliac patients in comparison with 1.6‐ and 1.1‐fold increases in control subjects (P < 0.294 and P < 0.105, respectively). The median fold‐changes for interleukin‐2 mRNA did not differ between coeliac patients and controls. Cytokine protein was not upregulated.ConclusionThe findings of this study provide evidence that barley and rye cause immune activation in the mucosa of coeliac patients and support the practice that barley and rye should be excluded from the gluten‐free diet.