bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy metabolism in canine erythrocytes associated with inherited high Na+- and K+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity
Authors: Maede Yoshimitsu , Inaba Mutsumi 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Energy metabolism in canine erythrocytes associated with inherited high Na+- and K+ -stimulated adenosine triphosphatase [(Na,K)-ATPase] activity (HK cells) was compared with that in normal canine erythrocytes (LK cells). Activities of some of the glycolytic enzymes in the HK cells were significantly higher than those in LK cells. The concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (atp) and glycolytic intermediates in HK cells were almost equal to those in LK cells. Glucose utilization and lactate production by HK cells in vitro and incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate or [14C]glucose into 2,3-diphospho-glycerate in HK cells were higher than in LK cells. Radioactivity of [32P]atp in HK cells was lower than in LK cells, but increased to approximately that of LK cells when (Na,K)-ATPase of HK cells was completely blocked by ouabain. When HK cells and LK cells were incubated in the absence of glucose, the concentration of atp in HK cells was decreased more than that of LK cells. Although ouabain reduced the rate of decrease in atp in HK cells, the decrease in atp in HK cells was still 2-fold that in LK cells. The half-life of HK cells was about one-half that of LK cells. The results indicated that glycolysis is greater in HK cells than in LK cells, and that the increased glycolysis in HK cells was stimulated by an increased rate of atp breakdown for active cation transport by the (Na,K)-ATPase and by increased degradation of atp for some other pathway, eg, glutathione synthesis. Thus, the increased demand for atp in HK cells might result in shortening the lifespan of HK erythrocytes.
Plasma lactate measurements in healthy Beagle dogs
Authors: Evans G. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma lactate concentrations were determined in venous blood samples collected from 60 healthy Beagles aged 5 to 9 months. The range of values (0.42 to 3.58 mmol/L) obtained with an enzymatic method in the present study was similar to values reported in smaller studies with the colorimetric procedures.
Clinical effects of low dietary phosphorus concentrations in feed given to lactating dairy cows
Authors: Call J. W. , Butcher J. E. , Shupe J. L. , Lamb R. C. , Boman R. L. , Olson A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-four Holstein cows, pregnant with their second calf, were individually fed diets containing 3 concentrations of phosphorus (P): 24 cows for 12 months and 10 cows for 7.5 months of lactation. Cows were randomly allotted to the specific dietary groups 2 months before expected parturition. The 3 dietary concentrations of P were 0.24%, 0.32%, and 0.42% in diet. Cows given 0.24% P in diets produced significantly less milk than did cows in the other groups. Other clinical signs of P deficiency in the cows fed the diet with 0.24% P included loss of body weight, decreased feed consumption, and lower inorganic serum P concentration 2 to 10 weeks after parturition. There were no significant differences in the variables measured between cows given dietary P concentrations of 0.32% and 0.42%. There was no evidence of hemoglobinuria after parturition. Reproductive performance did not differ significantly, although the trend was in favor of the cows fed the diet with 0.24% P.
Escherichia coli-induced lung and liver dysfunction in dogs: Effects of flunixin meglumine treatment
Authors: Hardie Elizabeth M. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Shotts Emmet B. , Waltman Douglas W. , Rakich Pauline M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve dogs were infused with 1010 Escherichia coli/kg of body weight through a portal vein catheter over a 1-hour period; 6 dogs were treated with flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg) 15 minutes after the infusion had begun. Six dogs (controls) were infused with a comparable volume of sterile saline solution over the same period. Over a 4-hour monitoring period, nontreated septicemic dogs developed systemic hypotension, decreased cardiac output, increased portal pressure, increased serum alanine transaminase values, increased extravascular liver water, increased liver glycogen depletion, and decreased arterial oxygen tension compared with control dogs. Accumulations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and E coli were found in the livers and lungs of septicemic dogs. Flunixin meglumine treatment prevented systemic hypotension and hypoxemia, reversed the early but not the late stages of portal hypertension, and decreased E coli concentrations in the lungs. Other effects of treatment were not noticed.
Cardiovascular and respiratory measurements in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized horses
Authors: Steffey E. P. , Dunlop C. I. , Farver T. B. , Woliner M. J. , Schultz L. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Circulatory and respiratory function was monitored in nonmedicated, spontaneously breathing horses (n = 7) immediately before, during, and 1 hour after 85 ± 4.1 (X ± sem) minutes of constant 1.57% isoflurane in O2 anesthesia. Comparison of values during anesthesia with those obtained while horses were awake revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in arterial blood pressure that was related to a slight, but insignificant, decrease in cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. Although isoflurane anesthesia and recumbency resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in stroke volume, cardiac output did not decrease significantly because heart rate tended to increase. Isoflurane and recumbency also significantly (P < 0.05) increased Paco2, peak expiratory gas flow, total expiratory time, and pcv and significantly decreased Pao2, minute expired ventilation, and the ratio of peak inspired to expired gas flow. Differences imposed by isoflurane anesthesia were reversed by 1.5 hour after anesthesia.
Campylobacter jejuni infection in the ferret: An animal model of human campylobacteriosis
Authors: Fox James G. , Ackerman Joel I. , Taylor Nancy , Claps Megan , Murphy James C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Campylobacter infection in weanling ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) was studied as an animal model for enteric campylobacteriosis in persons. The screening of fecal cultures on selective campylobacter media showed that Campylobacter jejunilcoli was not present in the normal enteric flora. Intragastric feeding of a mixture of cat feed and 2.5 × 108 C jejuni isolated from ferrets with naturally occurring proliferative colitis was accomplished. All ferrets (n = 8) became infected on 3 days after they were inoculated, and at 5 to 7 days, they had bile-tinged, liquid feces with excessive mucus and blood. Ferrets gradually recovered from the diarrhea, and feces were normal 10 to 14 days after inoculation was done. Feces contained C jejuni at 14, 23, 28, 39, 46, 60, 91, 101, 109, and 144 days.
In the second experiment, weanling ferrets initially were treated with 10% sodium bicarbonate, and 1 × 1010 C jejuni organisms were administered in the cat feed. Diarrhea with fecal leukocytes and occult blood with occasional mucus appeared in almost all of the 21 ferrets from days 4 through 7. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from the blood of 11 ferrets between 3 hours to 14 days after they were inoculated. Campylobacter jejuni bactericidal antibodies were present in serum samples at 14 days, with titers of 1:16 to 1:32. Intestinal lesions including cellular infiltration with mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were in the lamina propria of the pyloric mucosa and small intestine of infected and control ferrets. The colon of 3 infected ferrets had small focal infiltrates of neutrophils on the lamina propria; one ferret had perivascular cuffing.
Since the inoculations in the ferret leads to disease mimicking that seen in persons and elicits significant circulating antibody titers to the infecting strain of C jejuni, the ferret may prove useful in exploring the feasibility of using vaccines to provide protection against diarrhea caused by pathogenic strains of C jejuni.
Topographie localization of gastric lesions and key role of plasma bicarbonate concentration in dogs with experimentally induced gastric dilatation
Authors: Pfeiffer Carl J. , Keith James C. , April Milton 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The canine gastric response to acute dilatation, its correlation with selected systemic cardiovascular changes, and preliminary study of its modulation by membrane-stabilizing agents were studied in 21 Beagle dogs. Gastric mucosal damage and adverse cardiovascular sequelae were induced by inflation of an intragastric balloon to 60 mm of Hg in each anesthetized dog for 2.5 hours. At this time, dogs were given 1 of 4 treatments: (1) control; (2) lidocaine HCl, 2.2 mg bolus + 66 μg/min, iv; (3) prednisolone succinate, 6.6 mg, iv; and (4) zinc sulfate, 2.2 mg bolus + 66 μg/min, iv. After treatments were given, there was a 4-hour deflation period. Throughout the 6.5 hours, continuous measurements were made of stroke volume, arterial blood pressure, Pao2, Paco2, and plasma HCO3− concentration.
Gastric lesions, assessed by planimetric analysis of ulcer indices, were limited to the fundus and corpus and were significantly decreased by lidocaine administration. As seen by histopathologic examination, a sharply delineated transverse area bordering the corporeal-antral junction near the lesser curvature demonstrated minimal resistance to ulceration and showed mucus depletion. Plasma HCO3− concentration, base excess, and CO2 values were negatively correlated with development of gastric damage, indicating that plasma HCO3− concentration has a key role in mucosal resistance to ulcerogenesis.
Infestivity of Psoroptes ovis on ivermectin-treated cattle
Authors: Strickland Robert K. , Gerrish Robert R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Psoroptes ovis was not transmitted by natural contact to susceptible cattle which were exposed to infested, ivermectin-treated cattle 6, 12, 14, 16, and 18 days after treatment was given. However, clinical scabies did develop in 2 calves naturally exposed to P ovis-infested, ivermectin-treated calves at 10 days after treatment was given subcutaneously (200 µg/kg).
Psoroptes ovis was transmitted to stanchioned cattle manually exposed to 200 to 300 ml of hair and skin scrapings from infested, ivermectin-treated cattle at 6, 10, 12, 14, and 16 days after treatment was given subcutaneously (200 µg/kg). Scabies did not develop in cattle exposed to skin scrapings obtained from infested, treated cattle at 18 and 20 days after they were treated with ivermectin.
The 14-day isolation of P ovis-infested, ivermectin-treated cattle from susceptible cattle recommended by the US Department of Agriculture, although marginal, is adequate under natural conditions to prevent transmission of scabies from treated to noninfested cattle.
Herd evaluation of Fasciola hepatica infection levels in Louisiana cattle by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Welch R. D. , Smith P. H. , Malone J. B. , Holmes R. A. , Geaghan J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated as a method of determining relative immunoconversion rates in calves and how immunoconversion rates and strength of optical density values correlate with prevalence of Fasciola hepatica fecal egg shedding. Ten to 55 calves and cows were examined from each of 10 separate beef cattle herds in central and southern Louisiana. Infection prevalence rates for calves averaged 8% higher when elisa optical density values were used than those when fecal egg count data were used. Of 55 calves in 8 herds that were elisa positive, 39 were shedding F hepatica eggs; of 53 calves that were shedding eggs, 14 were elisa negative. Significant correlation of calf fecal and elisa prevalence was observed for 8 herds by linear regression analysis. A χ2 analysis showed that calf elisa and fecal egg shedding data were not independent. Results indicate that positive elisa reactions for as few as 10 to 15 calves from the fall calf crop of a given herd are sufficiently accurate to be used to assess F hepatica herd infection rates, the likelihood of liver condemnations at feedlot destinations, and variation between individual farms in fascioliasis infection risk. The test was less valuable as a diagnostic test when used in adult animals previously exposed to F hepatica or on an individual animal basis.
Ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine in cattle: Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, distribution to the tears, and in vitro activity against Moraxella bovis
Authors: Wilson W. David , George Lisle W. , Baggot J. Desmond , Adamson Peter J. W. , Hietala Sharon K. , Mihalyi Judy E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and distribution to the tears of ormetoprim (omp; 5.5 mg/kg of body weight) and sulfadimethoxine (sdm; 27.5 mg/kg of body weight) were determined following iv or oral administration to 6 Holstein steers. After iv administration, the disposition kinetics of both drugs were best described by a 2-compartment open model. Sulfadimethoxine had a moderately rapid distribution phase, followed by a slower elimination phase, with a mean half-life (t½) of 7.91 hours. The mean volume of distribution of sdm was 185 ml/kg, and the mean body clearance was 0.28 ml/min·kg. The concentration of sdm in tears was lower than the corresponding plasma concentration, and the elimination of sdm from tears (t½ = 3.02 hours) was significantly faster than its elimination from plasma (t½ = 7.91 hours). The disposition of omp administered iv was characterized by a rapid distribution phase, followed by a rapid elimination phase (t½ = 1.37 hours). The high values of the mean volume of distribution (1,450 ml/kg) and mean rate of body clearance (13.71 ml/min·kg) indicated that omp was widely distributed in the body and was rapidly cleared from the body. Ormetoprim concentrations in tears exceeded corresponding plasma concentrations, and the elimination of omp from tears was significantly slower (t½ = 1.91 hours) than from plasma (t½ = 1.37 hours).
After oral administration of an omp-sdm combination in bolus form, the absorption of sdm was slow (absorption t½, = 3.32 hours), but complete. Systemic availability was 56.6% during the first 24 hours and we estimated that the drug would eventually be completely (100%) absorbed. Sulfadimethoxine concentrations in tears were low (< 2.5 µg/ml). Absorption of omp was too poor to determine systemic availability. Peak plasma concentrations of omp exceeded 0.5 µg/ml in only 1 steer and detectable tear concentrations of omp were not achieved in any of the steers evaluated.
The antimicrobial susceptibility of Moraxella bovis was evaluated in vitro. The 13 isolates evaluated were highly susceptible to the omp-sdm combination (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] ≤ 0.25/4.75 µg/ml]. Susceptibility of M bovis to sdm alone was inconsistent, with an mic range of 1 to 16 µg/ml. All isolates were resistant to omp alone at concentrations of ≤ 2 µg/ml. After iv administration of sdm, tear concentrations of sdm that exceeded the mic of sdm alone for susceptible isolates were maintained for < 2 hours. Based on the data derived from the 2 studies in which sdm or omp alone were administered iv, we estimated that if sdm and omp had been administered simultaneously iv, tear concentrations of the omp-sdm combination that exceeded the mic of all 13 M bovis isolates would have been maintained for 6 hours. Oral administration of the omp-sdm combination did not result in inhibitory concentrations of the drugs in tears.
Determination of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and Cortisol changes during simultaneous adrenal and thyroid function tests in healthy dogs
Authors: Moriello Karen A. , Halliwell Richard E. W. , Oakes Matt 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Changes in thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and Cortisol during a combined adrenal (dexamethasone suppression/adrenocorticotrophic hormone response test) and thyroid function tests (thyroid-stimulating hormone [tsh] response test) were determined in 20 healthy hospitalized pet dogs. The effect of dexamethasone on T4 and T3 changes was evaluated during a simultaneous tsh response/dexamethasone suppression adrenocorticotrophic hormone response test. Greater ranges in basal Cortisol concentrations and slower changes after dexamethasone was administered were observed in healthy pet dogs kenneled in a hospital setting than those reported for conditioned laboratory dogs. Pet dogs were observed to demonstrate Cortisol suppression more reliably at 4 hours than at 2 hours after dexamethasone was administered. Dexamethasone had no effect on the response to tsh as assessed by T4 and T3 assays, thus supporting the validity of combining adrenal and thyroid response tests in a 5-hour period.
Swine antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against Pseudorabies virus-infected cells
Authors: El-Awar Faisal Y. , Hahn Edwin C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In pseudorabies virus (prv) infection of pigs, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) may be an early defense mechanism. Peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) and pulmonary macrophages mediate adcc activity. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against prv-infected target cells was assessed, and the effect of infection of cells having an adcc-effector function was determined. Although pulmonary lavage cells (plc) had adcc activity, in vitro infection of plc led to prv replication, loss of cell viability, and loss of adcc activity. In contrast, infection of pbl did not lead to replication, decreased cell viability, or reduced adcc activity, compared with those in non-infected controls. Measuring adcc activity in a longitudinal study revealed that pbl from neonates had lower adcc activity than did pbl from pigs > 3.5 months old. Peripheral blood leukocytes and not plc may have a greater role in control of prv dissemination in the pig. The difference in activity between cells from neonates and older pigs might explain, in part, the age dependency in the severity of the disease.
Use of hexadimethrine bromide as a heparin-neutralizing agent in canine plasma
Authors: Green R. A. , LaFollette K. A. , Greig B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hexadimethrine bromide was evaluated as a heparin-neutralizing agent in a simple modification of the activated partial thromboplastin time test in canine plasma. Addition of various amounts of heparin in vitro to canine plasma indicated that heparin could be neutralized by adding 0.5 μg of hexadimethrine bromide 15 s before CaCl2 was added to the reaction mixture of the activated partial thromboplastin time test.
In 8 dogs given (subcutaneous injection) 500 USP units of sodium heparin/kg, marked individual variations in clotting time prolongations were observed over the 12-hour period of study. The hexadimethrine bromide modification effectively neutralized the heparin-related clotting time prolongations to values that were not significantly different from base-line (preheparin) activated partial thromboplastin time values. The modification seems to be useful in confirming the presence of heparin and in monitoring heparin therapy in dogs.
Ultrastructural and microprobe analysis of simian lung mite pigments
Authors: Kim James C. S. , Cole Richard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using light microscopy, polarizable amorphorous bodies with tinctorial characteristics of lipochromes and flocculent pigmental materials were found within the alveolar macrophages and peribronchiolar region of the lungs in a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemistrina) infected with simian lung mite (Pneumonyssus simicola). Examination of these pigmental bodies, using a high-voltage (1.2 meV) electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis system, indicated that the pigmental bodies contained a high concentration of silica. One female adult P simicola also was examined, and its digestive tract had visible, polarizable pigment and a high concentration of silica. Thus, lesions associated with lung mite infection in Old World monkeys may be superimposed by this silicotic condition, which may be associated with their arid, dusty, environment. Therefore, until the link between lung mite infection and silicosis is clarified, experimental inhalation toxicologic findings in mite-infected Old World monkeys should be interpreted cautiously.
In vitro characterization of porcine juvenile articular cartilage
Authors: Lamar C. H. , Eller L. L. , Turek J. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dispersed cell cultures were established from the articular cartilage of the proximal portion of the humerus of young pigs. Articular and epiphyseal portions of the cartilage were separated, minced, and enzymatically dispersed, using bacterial collagenase. Morphologically, 2 cell types were observed, using phase-contrast microscopy. Smaller polygonal cells (32.5 ± 3.5 μm diameter) containing cytoplasmic granules were found in both areas of the cartilage. In cultures from the articular region, cells grew as monolayer cultures and initially did not demonstrate contact inhibition. In cultures from the epiphyseal region, cells grew in a multilayered manner in a colonial arrangement with cells being released from the center of the colony into the culture medium. Small granular particles (0.03 to 0.08 μm diameter) were secreted by cells in both culture systems. Particle secretion was greater in epiphyseal cultures than in articular cultures with the rate decreasing as confluency was approached. These particles stained positively for lipid and alkaline phosphatase. Acridine orange was also incorporated into the granules. The 2nd cell type, a stellate-shaped cell (60 ± 7.6 μm diameter), was found mainly surrounding the outside of colonial areas in epiphyseal cultures. These cells did not secrete small granular particles and stained positive for factor VIII.
Evaluation of cultures by scanning and transmission electron microscopy further supported the presence of 2 cell types. With scanning electron microscopy, the smaller polygonal cell was characterized by varying sizes of blebs (0.03 to 0.1 μm diameter) associated with the cell membrane and small cytoplasmic processes projecting from the cell's surface. Stellate-shaped cells presented a smooth-appearing cell surface. Using transmission electron microscopy, smaller cells were shown to contain a nonmembrane-bound, finely granular-to-amorphous cytoplasmic material reacting positively for proteoglycans. Blebs seen with a scanning electron microscope contained small vesicles (0.07 to 0.2 μm diameter). Ultrastructural evaluation of vesicles isolated from the culture medium by ultracentrifugation revealed particles morphologically similar to matrix vesicles.