bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of topical administration of 1% morphine sulfate solution on signs of pain and corneal wound healing in dogs
Authors: Stiles Jean , Honda Christopher N. , Krohne Sheryl G. , Kazacos Evelyn A. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effect of topical application
of a 1% morphine sulfate solution (MSS) on signs
of pain and wound healing in dogs with corneal ulcers
and examine normal corneas immunohistochemically
for the presence of µ and δ opioid receptors.

Animals—12 dogs.

Procedure—A 7-mm superficial corneal ulcer was
surgically created in the right eye (OD) of 10 dogs,
after which gentamicin solution and 1% MSS (n = 6)
or saline solution (4) was administered topically OD 3
times daily. Blepharospasm, tearing, conjunctival
hyperemia, aqueous flare, esthesiometer readings,
and pupil size were recorded before and 30 minutes
after treatment in all dogs. Ulcer size and days to
completion of healing were recorded. Corneas from 4
treated and 3 control dogs were evaluated histologically.
Normal canine corneas from 2 dogs not used in
the study were evaluated immunohistochemically for
the presence of µ and δ opioid receptors.

Results—Dogs treated with MSS had significantly
less blepharospasm and lower esthesiometer readings
than did control dogs. Duration of ulcer healing
and findings of histologic evaluation of corneas did
not differ between groups. Numerous δ and infrequent
µ opioid receptors were identified in the
corneal epithelium and anterior stroma of normal
corneas.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Topical use of
1% MSS in dogs with corneal ulcers provided analgesia
and did not interfere with normal wound healing.
Both µ and δ opioid receptors were identified in normal
corneas of dogs, although the µ receptors were
present only in small numbers. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:813–818)
Effects of hypothyroidism and withholding of feed on plasma lipid concentrations, concentration and composition of very-low-density lipoprotein, and plasma lipase activity in horses
Authors: Frank Nicholas , Sojka Janice E. , Latour Mickey A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate selected concentrations of blood lipids and lipase activities in euthyroid and hypothyroid horses deprived of feed for 96 hours.Animals—4 healthy adult mares and 4 thyroidectomized adult mares.Procedure—Horses were deprived of feed for 96 hours. Blood samples were collected at 24-hour intervals and analyzed to determine concentrations of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) as well as composition of VLDL. Plasma lipase activities were measured after feed was withheld for 96 hours and 12 days after resumption of feeding.Results—Time significantly affected plasma NEFA, VLDL, TG, and TC concentrations in both groups of horses. During the 96-hour period, mean plasma concentrations of NEFA and VLDL increased 10-fold in euthyroid horses and increased 5-fold and 9-fold, respectively, in hypothyroid horses. Mean plasma TG concentrations increased 8-fold in both groups, and plasma TC concentrations significantly increased by 33 and 30%, respectively. Composition of VLDL was significantly affected by feed deprivation in euthyroid horses. Activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase were significantly higher in feed-deprived horses. Activity of hepatic lipase was significantly lower in hypothyroid horses than in euthyroid horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypothyroidism did not significantly alter the magnitude of the response of blood lipids to feed deprivation. Thyroid hormones may reduce variability in blood lipid concentrations but do not determine susceptibility to hyperlipemia. Hypothyroidism does not appear to be a factor in the pathogenesis of hyperlipemia in horses. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:823–828)
Effects of short-term racing activity on platelet and neutrophil activation in dogs
Authors: Moritz Andreas , Walcheck Bruce K. , Deye Jennifer , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether platelets and neutrophils become activated in dogs during short-distance sled-pulling activity.Animals—18 physically fit adult Siberian Huskies.Procedure—Dogs were allocated into 2 teams (9 dogs/team). Each team ran a course of approximately 6.4 km while pulling a sled that contained 2 people. Blood samples were collected immediately before and within 10 minutes after completion of sled-pulling activity. Blood was aspirated into sterile syringes and immediately transferred to evacuated tubes containing EDTA solution. Platelet activation status was evaluated by determining cell-surface P-selection expression, number of platelet aggregates and platelet microparticles, mean platelet-component (MPC) concentration, and mean platelet-component distribution width (MPCDW) concentration. Neutrophil activation status was evaluated by determining cell-surface CD11/CD18 expression, neutrophil size, and neutrophil granularity.Results—Short-duration strenuous sled-pulling activity was associated with lower MPC concentration, higher MPCDW concentration, and higher cell-surface P-selectin expression after activation with phorbol myristate acetate. An increase in neutrophil CD11/CD18 expression and a decrease in neutrophil granularity were also observed after exercise.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study provide evidence of priming and activation of platelets and activation of neutrophils after strenuous short-duration sled-pulling activity. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether these changes have adverse effects on animal performance or induce tissue injury. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:855–859)
Effects of chronic renal disease on the transport of vitamin A in plasma and urine of dogs
Authors: Raila Jens , Forterre Simone , Kohn Barbara , Brunnberg Leo , Schweigert Florian J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine plasma and urine concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in dogs with chronic renal disease (CRD).Animals—17 dogs with naturally developing CRD and 21 healthy control dogs.Procedure—A diagnosis of CRD was established on the basis of clinical signs, plasma concentrations of creatinine and urea, and results of urinalysis. Concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters were measured by use of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Concentrations of RBP and THP were measured by use of sensitive ELISA systems.Results—Dogs with CRD had higher plasma concentrations of retinol, which were not paralleled by differences in plasma concentrations of RBP. Calculated ratio of urinary total vitamin A (sum of concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters to creatinine concentration) and ratio of the concentration of urinary retinyl esters to creatinine concentration did not differ between groups. However, we detected a significantly higher retinol-to-creatinine ratio in the urine of dogs with CRD, which was paralleled by a higher urinary RBP-to-creatinine ratio. Thus, in dogs with CRD, the estimated fractional clearance of total vitamin A, retinol, and RBP was increased. Furthermore, dogs with CRD had a reduced urinary THP-to-creatinine ratio.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study documented that CRD affects the concentrations of retinol in plasma and urine of dogs. Analysis of the data indicates that measurement of urinary RBP and urinary THP concentrations provides valuable information that can be helpful in follow-up monitoring of dogs with CRD. (Am J Vet Res2003:64:874–879)
Assessment of three variations of the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay for measurement of sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentrations in equine synovial fluid
Authors: Oke Stacey L , Hurtig Mark B. , Keates Robert A. , Wright Jen R. , Lumsden John H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether 3 variations of the 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay yield comparable results when measuring sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) concentrations in equine synovial fluid (SF).Sample Population—25 samples of SF collected from affected joints of 13 horses and 13 samples of SF collected from nonaffected (control) joints of 4 horses.Procedure—Sulfated glycosaminoglycan concentrations were measured by the direct spectrophotometric (ie, Farndale), microplate, and indirect DMMB assays in samples of SF collected from normal and affected joints and in samples digested with nucleases, papain, and hyaluronidase.Results—All 3 assays reacted similarly to standard solutions of sGAGs and digestion of SF samples with nucleases, papain, and hyaluronidase. Nucleic acids were not important interfering substances, and papain and hyaluronidase could not be used interchangeably to digest SF. All 3 assays proved to have satisfactory precision (SD < 10%), but each DMMB assay resulted in significantly different measures of sGAG in equine SF.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Samples of SF should be digested with papain or hyaluronidase prior to measurement via DMMB assay. Researchers currently are unable to compare clinical information when variations of the DMMB assay are used, because each DMMB assay yields substantially different sGAG concentrations in SF. Of the 3 assays examined here, we recommend use of the direct spectrophotometric DMMB assay. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:900–906)
Cardiovascular effects of propofol alone and in combination with ketamine for total intravenous anesthesia in cats
Authors: Ilkiw Jan E. , Pascoe Peter J 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare cardiovascular effects of equipotent infusion doses of propofol alone and in combination with ketamine administered with and without noxious stimulation in cats.Animals—6 cats.Procedure—Cats were anesthetized with propofol (loading dose, 6.6 mg/kg; constant rate infusion [CRI], 0.22 mg/kg/min) and instrumented for blood collection and measurement of blood pressures and cardiac output. Cats were maintained at this CRI for a further 60 minutes, and blood samples and measurements were taken. A noxious stimulus was applied for 5 minutes, and blood samples and measurements were obtained. Propofol concentration was decreased to 0.14 mg/kg/min, and ketamine (loading dose, 2 mg/kg; CRI, 23 µg/kg/min) was administered. After a further 60 minutes, blood samples and measurements were taken. A second 5-minute noxious stimulus was applied, and blood samples and measurements were obtained.Results—Mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, stroke index, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, oxygen utilization ratio, partial pressure of oxygen in mixed venous blood, pH of arterial blood, PaCO2, arterial bicarbonate concentration, and base deficit values collected during propofol were not changed by the addition of ketamine and reduction of propofol. Compared with propofol, ketamine and reduction of propofol significantly increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure and venous admixture and significantly decreased PaO2.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of propofol by CRI for maintenance of anesthesia induced stable hemodynamics and could prove to be clinically useful in cats. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:913–917)
Evaluation of antibody response and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis following inoculation of a live attenuated bluetongue virus vaccine in goats
Authors: Lacetera Nicola , Ronchi Bruno 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate vaccine safety, antibody response, and nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis following inoculation of a commercial monovalent live attenuated bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 2 vaccine in goats.Animals—12 nonpregnant and nonlactating Saanen goats.Procedure—6 goats were inoculated with the monovalent live attenuated BTV serotype 2 vaccine, which has been widely used in Italy during the proceding 2 years. The other 6 goats were unvaccinated and represented negative controls. Nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis was evaluated 14 and 7 days before and 7, 21, and 49 days after vaccination by measuring DNA synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen. On the same days as lymphocyte blastogenesis, blood samples were taken to determine serum concentrations of anti-BTV antibodies.Results—During the 7 weeks following vaccination, PBMCs obtained from vaccinated goats had a significantly decreased response to mitogens in terms of DNA synthesis, compared with PBMCs from the same goats before vaccination. Conversely during the experiment, no significant change was found in the response of the PBMCs obtained from unvaccinated goats. Starting from 21 days after vaccination, serum from vaccinated goats had anti-BTV antibodies. No anti-BTV antibodies were detected in the serum from unvaccinated goats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inoculation of goats with the monovalent live attenuated BTV serotype 2 vaccine described herein resulted in a profound depression of nonspecific lymphocyte blastogenesis, which might compromise the resistance of vaccinated goats to pathogens. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1331–1334)
Evaluation of hepatosplanchnic circulation and intestinal oxygenation in dogs with a condition that mimicked septic shock induced by continuous infusion of a low dose of lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Sakaue Yoko , Nezu Yoshinori , Komori Shinobu , Hara Yasushi , Tagawa Masahiro , Ogawa Ryo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether continuous infusion of a low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a condition mimicking septic shock in dogs would affect systemic and hepatosplanchnic circulation and oxygenation.Animals—12 healthy adult Beagles.Procedure—Dogs received a low dose of LPS (Escherichia coliO55:B5) by continuous IV infusion at a rate of 1 µg/kg/h for 8 hours. Systemic hemodynamics; systemic oxygenation; blood flow in the cranial mesenteric artery, common hepatic artery, and portal vein; intestinal and hepatic tissue blood flow; mesenteric oxygenation; and intramucosal PCO2were examined before and at selected time points after onset of the LPS infusion.Results—After onset of the LPS infusion, cardiac index increased and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance decreased, which is characteristic of the hyperdynamic state in septic patients. Hepatosplanchnic blood flow increased during the hyperdynamic state. Intestinal PCO2was increased even when blood flows increased. During the latter half of the experimental period, MAP was maintained but hepatosplanchnic blood flows decreased and intestinal PCO2increased further.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of the results suggested that hepatosplanchnic blood flow enters the hyperdynamic state during the early stages of sepsis and that intestinal tissue oxygenation is threatened even when hepatosplanchnic blood flow is increased or maintained. Hence, improvement of hepatosplanchnic circulation and intestinal tissue oxygenation is important in dogs with clinical evidence of a septic condition. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1347–1354)
Expression, bioactivity, and clinical assessment of recombinant feline erythropoietin
Authors: Randolph John F. , Scarlett Janet M. , Stokol Tracy , Saunders Kathryn M. , MacLeod James N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the activity of recombinant feline erythropoietin (rfEPO) in murine bioassays and evaluate its efficacy and safety in cats with erythropoietin-dependent nonregenerative anemia.Animals—26 cats (group 1, 19 cats with anemia attributed to chronic kidney disease [CKD]; group 2, 7 cats with CKD and recombinant human erythropoietin [rhEPO]-induced red cell aplasia [RCA]).Procedure—The rfEPO was synthesized by use of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with feline erythropoietin complementary DNA. Preclinical assessments of rfEPO included an erythroid cell proliferation assay and measurements of reticulocytosis in Balb/C mice. Clinical assessments of cats included hematologic, biochemical, and clinical examinations during 12 (group 1) or 6 (group 2) months of rfEPO treatment.Results—Biological activity of rfEPO was broadly equivalent to rhEPO in preclinical murine bioassays. Median Hct and absolute reticulocyte count in cats increased significantly during the first 3 weeks of rfEPO treatment, and median Hct generally could be maintained within a target range of 30% to 40% with periodic adjustments of rfEPO doses. Unexpectedly, 5 cats in group 1 and 3 cats in group 2 that initially responded to rfEPO treatment again developed anemia that was refractory to additional rfEPO treatments, even at higher doses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with rfEPO can reestablish active erythropoiesis in most cats with CKD, even those with anemia attributable to rhEPO-induced RCA. Unfortunately, development of RCA during treatment with CHO cell-derived recombinant erythropoietin proteins was not eliminated as a serious safety concern, even for this feline-specific preparation. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1355–1366)
Evaluation of vaccination with Neospora caninum protein for prevention of fetal loss associated with experimentally induced neosporosis in sheep
Authors: Jenkins Mark C. , Tuo Wenbin , Dubey J. P. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the immunologic response of
a killed tachyzoite vaccine against Neospora caninum
and its effectiveness in preventing fetal loss associated
with experimentally induced neosporosis in sheep.

Animals—30 Dorset ewes.

Procedure—Ewes were randomly allocated to
receive vaccination on days 1 and 60 of the study with
a killed N caninum tachyzoite preparation in a commercially
available adjuvant or a saline-adjuvant mixture.
A ram was placed on pasture with the ewes
from days 15 to 60. Blood was collected from ewes
before primary and booster vaccinations and prior to
experimental challenge with N caninum tachyzoite
performed on day 90; sera were assessed via
Neospora agglutination (NA) and immunofluorescence
antibody (IFA) assays. Blood was collected
from lambs before they suckled, and sera were tested
for antibodies against N caninum.

Results—Of the 14 vaccinated ewes that became
pregnant, 12 gave birth to live-born lambs; in contrast,
5 of 11 pregnant control ewes gave birth to live-born
lambs. Whereas vaccination improved fetal survival in
pregnant ewes challenged with N caninum tachyzoites,
it did not appear to have any appreciable effect
on transmission of N caninum to offspring, as indicated
by results of NA and IFA assays.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The N caninum
tachyzoite vaccine used in this study appeared
to provide protection against fetal loss associated
with experimentally induced neosporosis in a high
proportion of pregnant ewes. (Am J Vet Res
2004;65:1404–1408)
Use of computed tomography angiography to evaluate the vascular anatomy of the distal portion of the forelimb of horses
Authors: Collins Jennifer N. , Galuppo Larry D. , Thomas Helen L. , Wisner Erik R. , Hornof William J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To provide a detailed description of the vascular anatomy of the distal portion of the forelimbs of horses by use of computed tomography angiography (CTA).Sample Population—6 forelimbs of 5 horses and 1 forelimb from an equine cadaver; none of the horses had orthopedic or vascular disease.Procedure—Horses were anesthetized and CTA was conducted on the dependent forelimb. A catheter was inserted in the median artery, and contrast medium was infused at a rate of 3 mL/s. A computed tomography (CT) scanner was used to obtain contiguous slices from the region of the proximal sesamoid bones to the toe. All horses were allowed to recover from anesthesia. To help identify vessel patterns in the distal portion of the forelimb, the median artery and lateral palmar digital vein of a heparinized forelimb obtained from an equine cadaver were infused with red and blue polymethylmethacrylate and the distal portion of that forelimb was then sectioned to correspond to CTA images.Results—Vessel patterns in CTA images matched vascular anatomic structures of the cadaver forelimb and were consistent with published anatomic structures. Major and minor vessels were consistently visible in CTA images of all horses. There were no complications reported in any horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of CTA provided a highly detailed depiction of the vasculature of the distal portion of the equine forelimb. This was a safe technique and should be useful in the evaluation of the blood supply to the distal portion of the forelimb. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1409–1420)
Effect of proinflammatory mediators and glucocorticoids on L-selectin expression in peripheral blood neutrophils from dairy cows in various stages of lactation
Authors: Diez-Fraile Araceli , Meyer Evelyne , Duchateau Luc , Burvenich Christian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether proinflammatory mediators and glucocorticoids affect CD62L(L-selectin) expression on peripheral blood neutrophils from cows in various stages of lactation.Animals—100 healthy dairy cows during early (13.1 ± 0.79 days after parturition; n = 31), peak (58.7 ± 1.64 days after parturition; 31), and mid (137.2 ± 2.59 days after parturition; 38) lactation.Procedure—In vitro effects of relevant proinflammatory mediators that are released in response to mastitis caused by gram-negative bacteria such as lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), tumor necrosis factor-α, and platelet-activating factor (PAF) on CD62L expression on bovine neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry. Influences of cortisol and dexamethasone on CD62L expression on bovine neutrophils were also investigated.Results—Basal CD62L expression on neutrophils from cows during early, peak, and mid lactation were similar. Lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α had no effect on CD62L expression on neutrophils from cows at any stage of lactation. Conversely, PAF elicited a time- and dose-dependent, down regulatory effect on CD62L expression. However, no differential shedding of CD62L from neutrophils of cows at any stage of lactation were detected. In addition, no effects on CD62L expression on bovine neutrophils after whole blood incubation with cortisol or dexamethasone were observed. Incubation with glucocorticoids did not prevent the down regulatory effect of PAF on CD62L expression.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Comparable basal CD62L expression on bovine neutrophils and equal amounts of CD62L shedding from bovine neutrophils during all stages of lactation suggest that variations in CD62L density are not a likely cause of susceptibility of cows to coliform-induced mastitis during early lactation. (Am J Vet Res2004;225:1421–1426)