bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of array‐based comparative genomic hybridization in a clinical setting
Authors: Baris Hagit N. , Tan Wen‐Hann , Kimonis Virginia E. , Irons Mira B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractArray‐based comparative genomic hybridization is a recently introduced technique for the detection of submicroscopic genomic imbalances (deletions or duplications) across the entire genome. To assess the potential utility of a widely available array‐based comparative genomic hybridization platform that targets specific, clinically relevant, loci across the genome for cytogenetic diagnosis in a clinical setting, we reviewed the medical records of all 373 patients at Children's Hospital Boston who had normal chromosomal analysis and were tested with this targeted array‐based comparative genomic hybridization over a 1‐year period from November 1, 2004 to October 31, 2005. These patients were tested because of a suspicion of chromosomal abnormalities based on their clinical presentation. Thirty‐six patients (9.7%) had abnormal array‐based comparative genomic hybridization results. Twenty patients (5.4%) had potentially pathogenetic genomic imbalances and 16 patients (4.3%) had copy number variations that are not believed to be pathogenetic. Thirteen of 234 patients (5.6%) with mental retardation/global developmental delay, 10/114 patients (8.8%) with facial dysmorphism, 5/58 patients (8.6%) with multiple congenital anomalies, and 4/35 patients (11.4%) with both facial dysmorphism and multiple congenital anomalies had potentially pathogenetic genomic imbalances. Targeted array‐based comparative genomic hybridization is a clinically available test that is useful in the evaluation of patients suspected of having chromosomal disorders. However, it is best used as an adjunct to chromosomal analysis when a clear genetic diagnosis is unavailable. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 2q37 deletion: Clinical and molecular aspects
Authors: Falk Rena E. , Casas Kari A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTerminal deletions of chromosome 2 with breakpoints at or within band 2q37, ranging from visible abnormalities to cryptic, subtelomeric deletions, have been recognized with increasing frequency among children with mild‐moderate mental retardation, characteristic facial appearance, and behavioral manifestations which often place them on the autism spectrum. The stereotypic facial characteristics include prominent forehead, thin, highly arched eyebrows, depressed nasal bridge, full cheeks, deficient nasal alae and prominent columella, thin upper lip, and various minor anomalies of the pinnae. Abnormal nipples, including inverted nipples, have been reported in a number of cases. CNS, ocular, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal, and other GU anomalies have been noted in nearly one‐third of patients. Of note, coarctation or hypoplasia of the aorta has been described in several affected children. Wilms tumor, renal dysplasia, and tracheomalacia have been reported only with the most proximal breakpoint at band 2q37.1 while a range of GI anomalies, pyloric stenosis, and diaphragmatic defects have been reported with breakpoints throughout the region. A subset of patients with the most distal deletion present phenotypic features which mimic Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). In addition to the AHO‐like phenotype, later onset findings include seizures and cystic kidneys. Timely diagnosis of this recognizable syndrome provides a basis for genetic counseling, appropriate surveillance, and intervention, and avoids unnecessary and expensive diagnostic testing. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneously improved toughness and dielectric properties of epoxy/core‐shell particle blends
Authors: Wan Weitao , Yu Demei , He Jian , Xie Yunchuan , Huang Longbiao , Guo Xiusheng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEpoxy/core‐shell particle blends were prepared using a diglycidylether of bisphenol A epoxy and acrylics‐type core‐shell particles. The impact strength of the blends was tested, and the result showed that the epoxy was greatly toughened with optimum core‐shell particle content. Meanwhile, the dielectric properties of both epoxy and its blends were investigated using a broadband dielectric analyzer. It was found that the dielectric constant of the epoxy blends with lower core‐shell particle content were less than that of the epoxy in the investigated frequency range, while the dielectric loss was less than that of the neat epoxy over a low frequency range, even for the epoxy blends with the optimum core‐shell particle content. The dielectric breakdown strength of the epoxy blends at room and cryogenic temperature were also investigated. To identify the primary relationship of the above properties and structure of the epoxy blends, the microstructure of the core‐shell particle and the morphology of the samples were observed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was considered that these epoxy/core‐shell particle blends with improved toughness and desirable dielectric properties could have a potential application in the insulation of electronic packaging system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Influence of diazo pigment on polycarbonate photodegradation
Authors: Saron Clodoaldo , Felisberti Maria Isabel , Zulli Fabio , Giordano Marco 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe photostability of polymeric systems can be extensively affected by the presence of dyes and pigments. Achromatic pigments such as carbon black are known as effective stabilizers for polymers, while pigments such as those based on metals oxides may accelerate photodegradation in polymers. Despite innumerous studies addressed to achromatic pigments, the effects and action mechanisms of chromatic pigments on polymer stability are not well established. In this work, an effective photostabilizer action on polycarbonate was verified by the incorporation of a red diazo type condensation pigment. This pigment was incorporated into polycarbonate in an extruder at a concentration of 1 wt %. Injection molded specimens of this material were submitted to photochemical aging following the recommendations of ASTM G‐53. The nonaged and aged specimens were characterized by mechanical testing, infrared spectroscopy, UV/visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and electron spin resonance. The absorption of the UV radiation by the pigment and subsequent quenching by the internal conversion energy process is the probable stabilization mechanism involved in this polymeric system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
The need for clear and comparable terminology in benthic ecology. Part I. Ecological concepts
Authors: Dauvin Jean‐Claude , Bellan Gerard , Bellan‐Santini Denise 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This note highlights problems with the definition and use of terminology in the field of benthic ecology, and compares the French classification with the UK and EUNIS classifications. These problems stem partly from language‐related difficulties, particularly the translation from English to French and vice versa, but also from the incoherence of certain typologies used in EU classifications and Directives.
The boundaries used by legislators and developers take neither ecological constraints nor environmental parameters into account. Most often, these boundaries are set using distances or depths that have no basis in the distribution of benthic species.
Retaining the definition of ‘étage’ that was proposed by Pérès (1961) is recommended, and the following classification hierarchy is proposed: supralittoral, mediolittoral, infralittoral with an upper littoral fringe, circalittoral with distinct coastal circalittoral and open circalittoral zones, bathyal, abyssal and hadal.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid invasion of a subtropical lake fishery in central Mozambique by Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae)
Authors: Weyl Olaf L.F. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Lake Chicamba, Mozambique (19°08′S; 33°08′E) is a large (116 km2) impoundment in the headwaters of the Buzi River system, which was invaded by Oreochromis niloticus in 1996 from a small (<0.3 km2) upstream reservoir.
Experimental and artisanal catch data showed no O. niloticus until January 1996; after this O. niloticus was recorded in up to 83% of experimental seine net catches, 33% of experimental gill net catches, 43% of boat angling and 23% of shore angling catches, and in 48% of artisanal gill net catches.
During the period January to March 1997, O. niloticus mean (upper, lower 95% confidence interval) yields in the artisanal fishery were 5.2 (3.6, 7.0) t month−1.
The rapid invasion of this lake illustrates the significant invasion threat that small point‐sources of this species pose to southern African freshwater systems.
The study recommends: (1) that this species should not be used for aquaculture or fisheries enhancement in catchments that have not been invaded, and (2) that the eradication of potential point sources of O. niloticus in non‐invaded catchment systems should be considered.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Need for a systemic theory of classification in information science
Authors: Karamuftuoglu Murat 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the article, the author aims to clarify some of the issues surrounding the discussion regarding the usefulness of a substantive classification theory in information science (IS) by means of a broad perspective. By utilizing a concrete example from the High Accuracy Retrieval from Documents (HARD) track of a Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), the author suggests that the “bag of words” approach to information retrieval (IR) and techniques such as relevance feedback have significant limitations in expressing and resolving complex user information needs. He argues that a comprehensive analysis of information needs involves explicating often‐implicit assumptions made by the authors of scholarly documents, as well as everyday texts such as news articles. He also argues that progress in IS can be furthered by developing general theories that are applicable to multiple domains. The concrete example of application of the domain‐analytic approach to subject analysis in IS to the aesthetic evaluation of works of information arts is used to support this argument.
Applying successive H indices in the institutional evaluation: A case study
Authors: Arencibia‐Jorge Ricardo , Barrios‐Almaguer Ismaray , Fernández‐Hernández Sandra , Carvajal‐Espino Rachel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe present work shows the applying of successive H indices in the evaluation of a scientific institution, using the researcher–department–institution hierarchy as level of aggregation. The scientific production covered by the Web of Science of the researcher's staff from the Cuban National Scientific Research Center, during the period 2001–2005, was studied. The Hirsch index (h‐index; J.E. Hirsch, 2005) was employed to calculate the individual performance of the staff, using the g‐index created by Leo Egghe (2006) and the A‐index developed by Jin Bi‐Hui (2006) as complementary indicators. The successive H indices proposed by András Schubert (2007) were used to determine the scientific performance of each department as well as the general performance of the institution. The possible advantages of the method for the institutional evaluation processes were exposed.
FE‐Methoden zur Bestimmung der Lage des Schubmittelpunktes dünnwandiger Querschnitte
Authors: Kindmann Rolf , Kraus Matthias 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Lage des Schubmittelpunktes kann mit verschiedenen Bedingungen bzw. Methoden bestimmt werden. Da die Berechnung bei komplexen Querschnitten, die aus vielen Teil en oder Hohlzellen bestehen, sehr aufwendig ist, bietet sich die Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) als Lösungsmethode an. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Berechnungen in analoger Weise wie bei der Untersuchung von Stabtragwerken mit der FEM erfolgen können.
Short‐term involuntary examination of older adults in Florida
Authors: Christy Annette , Bond Jennifer , Young M. Scott 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe elder population continues to grow rapidly in many countries. Florida's elder population is growing faster than most states', with over one‐quarter of the Florida population projected to be aged 65 and over by 2025. Involuntary examination (i.e. emergency commitment) under a state's civil commitment law is one means by which older adults experience assessment for acute mental health care. In Florida, the civil commitment law permits the involuntary examination of an individual for up to 72 hours to determine whether the person meets standards for involuntary treatment. From calendar year 2001 through 2005, there were 531,091 involuntary examinations in Florida for 301,886 people of all ages. Thirteen percent were 60 years and older at the time of their examination. The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of older adults subject to involuntary examination and the nature of their examinations. While these data permit a number of inferences, there is an expansive area of research and policy analysis that remains untapped and would permit better understanding of how older adults experience such examinations. These research and policy issues will also be discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Buffering Dissociation/Formation Reaction of Biogenic Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Ichikawa Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe oscillating stability of coral reef seawater pH has been maintained at around physiological pH values over the past 300 years (Pelejero et al., 2005). The stability mechanism of its pH has been interpreted in terms of the buffering dissolution/formation reaction of CaCO3 as well as the proton consumption/generation reaction in CaCO3‐saturated water. Here the pH‐dependent solubility product [HCO3−][Ca2+] has been derived on the basis of the actual pH‐dependent reactions for the atmospheric CO2/CO2 (aq.)/HCO3−/CO32−/Ca2+/CaCO3 system. Overbasic pH peaks appeared between pH≈8 and ≈9.5 during sodium hydroxide titration, as a result of simultaneous CaCO3 formation and proton generation. The spontaneous and prompt water pH recovery from the acidic to the physiological range has been confirmed by the observation of acid/base time evolution, because of simultaneous CaCO3 dissolution and proton consumption. The dissolution/formation of CaCO3 in water at pH 7.5–9 does not take place without a proton consumption/generation reaction, or a buffering chemical reaction of HCO3−+Ca2+⇄CaCO3+H+. SEM images of the CaCO3 fragments showed that the acid water ate away at the CaCO3 formed at physiological pH values. Natural coral reefs can thus recover the physiological pH levels of seawater from the acidic range through partial dissolution of their own skeletons.
Synthesis of Eight‐ and Star‐Shaped Poly(ε‐caprolactone)s and Their Amphiphilic Derivatives
Authors: Li Haiying , Riva Raphaël , Kricheldorf Hans R. , Jérôme Robert , Lecomte Philippe 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSpirocyclic tin dialkoxides are unique initiators for the ring‐expansion polymerization of lactones leading to complex, but well‐defined macromolecular architectures. In a first example, ε‐caprolactone (εCL) was polymerized, followed by the resumption of polymerization of a mixture of εCL and εCL α‐substituted by a chloride (αClεCL), so leading to “living” eight‐shaped chains. Upon hydrolysis of the alkoxides, a four‐arm star‐shaped copolyester was formed, whose each arm was grafted by conversion of the chloride units into azides, followed by the Huisgen's [3+2] cycloaddition of alkyne end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) onto the azide substituents. The complexity of this novel amphiphilic architecture was increased further by substituting the four‐arm interconnecting PCL by an eight‐shaped PCL. In a preliminary step, εCL was polymerized followed by a few units of εCL α‐substituted by an acrylate. The intramolecular photo‐crosslinking of the acrylates adjacent to the tin dialkoxides was effective in stabilizing the eight‐shaped polyester while preserving the chain growth sites. This quite unusual tetrafunctional macroinitiator was used to copolymerize εCL and αClεCL, followed by hydrolysis of the alkoxides, conversion of the chloride units into azides and grafting of the four arms by PEO (see above). This architecture reported for the very first time is nothing but a symmetrical four‐tail eight‐shaped copolyester macromolecule.
Self‐Assemblies Based on [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐P2)]—Solid‐State Structure and Dynamic Behaviour in Solution
Authors: Scheer Manfred , Gregoriades Laurence J. , Zabel Manfred , Bai Junfeng , Krossing Ingo , Brunklaus Gunther , Eckert Hellmut 
Published: September 2007

AbstractReaction of complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐P2)] (Cp=C5H5 (1)) with CuPF6, AgX (X=BF4, ClO4, PF6, SbF6, Al{OC(CF3)3}4) and [(Ph3P)Au(THF)][PF6] (THF=tetrahydrofuran), respectively, results in the facile formation of the dimers 3 b–h of the general formula [M2({Cp2Mo2 (CO)4(μ,η2:η2‐P2)}2)({Cp2Mo2(CO)4 (μ,η2:η1:η1‐P2)}2)][X]2 (M=Cu, Ag, Au; X=BF4, ClO4, PF6, SbF6, Al{OC(CF3)3}4). As revealed by X‐ray crystallography, all these dimers comprise dicationic moieties that are well‐separated from the weakly coordinating anions in the solid state. If 1 is allowed to react with AgNO2 and LAuCl (L=CO or tetrahydrothiophene), respectively, the dimer [Ag2{Cp2Mo2 (CO)4(μ,η2:η1:η1‐P2)}2(η2‐NO2)2] (5) and the complex [AuCl{Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2:η1‐P2)}] (6) are formed, which have also been characterised by X‐ray crystallography. In compounds 5 and 6, the anions remain coordinated to the Group 11 metal centres. Spectroscopic data suggest that the dimers 3 b–h display dynamic behaviour in solution and this is discussed by using the comprehensive results obtained for 3 g (M=Ag; X=Al{OC(CF3)3}4) as a basis. The interpretation of the experimental results is facilitated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations on 3 g (structures, energetics, NMR shielding tensors). The 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra recorded for the dimers 3 b (M=Cu; X=PF6) and 3c (M=Ag; X=BF4) as well as that of the previously reported one‐dimensional (1 D) polymer [Ag2{Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2:η1:η1‐P2)}3(μ,η1:η1‐NO3)]n[NO3]n (4) are also discussed herein and the strong dependence of the chemical shift of the phosphorus atoms within each compound on subtle structural differences in the solid state is demonstrated. Furthermore, the X‐ray crystallographic and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopic characterisation of a new polymorph of 1 is reported.
Pathobiology of small invasive breast cancers without metastases (T1a/b, N0, M0)
Authors: Fisher Edwin R. , Costantino Joseph P. , Leon Marino E. , Bandos Hanna , Palekar Alka S. , Fisher Bernard , Wolmark Norman 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Uncertainties continue to exist concerning the outcomes and management of small (T1a/b N0 M0) invasive breast cancers.METHODS.A central pathology review was performed of 638 such lesions from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trial B‐21.RESULTS.Univariate analysis revealed a high risk for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence with tumors exhibiting a ductal carcinoma in situ component or poor nuclear grade. The converse (protective effect) was found with tumors arising in radial scars, those of tubular histologic type, and those with moderate/marked tumor stroma. The correlations were generally similar for disease‐free survival. However, only nuclear grade was found to be independently significant for both of these outcomes. Only lymphatic tumor extension was univariately and multivariately significant for overall survival.CONCLUSIONS.The long‐term results of follow‐up (median, 11.2 years) from the current trial continue to support the need for local breast irradiation and adjuvant therapy in the management of patients with these small cancers. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Methodology for modelling SPMD hybrid parallel computation
Authors: Liebrock L. M. , Goudy S. P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis research defines and analyzes a methodology for deriving a performance model for SPMD hybrid parallel applications. Hybrid parallelism combines shared memory and message passing computing models.This work extends the current practice of application performance modelling by development of a methodology for hybrid applications with these procedures.

Creation of a model based on complexity analysis of an application code and its data structures.
Enhancement of a static complexity model by dynamic factors to capture execution time phenomena, such as memory hierarchy effects.
Quantitative analysis of model characteristics and the effects of perturbations in measured parameters.
These research results are presented in the context of a hybrid parallel implementation of a sparse linear algebra kernel. A model for this kernel is derived and analyzed using the methodology. Application of the model on two large parallel computing platforms provides case studies for the methodology. Operating system issues, machine balance factor, and memory hierarchy effects on model accuracy are examined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategies for Measurements of Pseudocontact Shifts in Protein NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: John Michael , Otting Gottfried 
Published: October 2007

AbstractParamagnetic metal ions bound to proteins generate a dipolar field that can be accurately probed by pseudocontact shifts (PCS) displayed by the protein’s nuclear spins. PCS are highly useful for determining the coordinates of individual spins in the molecule and for rapid structure determinations of entire protein–protein and protein–ligand complexes. However, PCS measurements require reliable resonance assignments for the molecule in its paramagnetic state and in a diamagnetic reference state. This article discusses different approaches for pairwise resonance assignments, with emphasis on a strategy which exploits chemical exchange between the two states.
Ras/PI3Kinase/cofilin‐independent activation of human CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells by superagonistic CD28 stimulation
Authors: Sester Urban , Wabnitz Guido H. , Kirchgessner Henning , Samstag Yvonne 
Published: September 2007

AbstractT cell activation requires costimulation of TCR/CD3 plus accessory receptors (e.g. CD28). A hallmark of costimulation is the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, important for receptor polarization in the immunological synapse. The classical model of T cell costimulation was challenged by the detection of superagonistic anti‐CD28 antibodies. These induce T cell proliferation and – as demonstrated here – production of IFN‐γ, CD25 and CD69 even in the absence of TCR/CD3 coligation. Here, we analyzed whether superagonistic CD28 stimulation induces costimulatory signaling events. Costimulation leads to phosphorylation of the actin‐bundling protein L‐plastin and dephosphorylation of the actin‐reorganizing protein cofilin. Cofilin binds to F‐actin only in its dephosphorylated form. Binding of cofilin to F‐actin leads to depolymerization or severing of F‐actin. The latter ends up in smaller F‐actin fragments, which can be elongated at the free barbed ends. This results in enhanced actin polymerization. Dephosphorylation of cofilin requires activation of Ras and PI3Kinase. Interestingly, superagonistic CD28 stimulation activates human peripheral blood T cells independently of Ras and PI3Kinase. Accordingly, it does not lead to cofilin dephosphorylation and receptor polarization. Likewise, L‐plastin is not phosphorylated. Thus, superagonistic CD28 stimulation does not mimic costimulation. Instead, it leads to a Ras/PI3Kinase/cofilin‐independent state of “unpolarized T cell activation”.