bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical studies on rutherfordium (Rf) at JAERI
Authors: Nagame Yuichi , Tsukada K. , Asai M. , Toyoshima A. , Akiyama K. , Ishii Y. , Kaneko-Sato T. , Hirata M. , Nishinaka I. , Ichikawa S. , Haba H. , Enomoto Shuichi 
Published: November 2005

SummaryChemical studies on element 104, rutherfordium (Rf), at JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute) are reviewed. The transactinide nuclide261Rf has been produced in the reaction248Cm(18O, 5n) at the JAERI tandem accelerator with the production cross section of about 13 nb. On-line anion-exchange experiments on Rf together with the lighter homologues, group-4 elements Zr and Hf, in acidic solutions have been conducted with a rapid ion-exchange separation apparatus. From the systematic study of the anion-exchange behavior of Rf, it has been found that the properties of Rf in HCl and HNO3solutions are quite similar to those of Zr and Hf, definitely confirming that Rf is a member of the group-4 elements. However, we have observed an unexpected chemical behavior of Rf in HF solutions; the fluoride complex formation of Rf is significantly different from those of the homologues. Prospects of extending chemical studies on transactinide elements in the near future at JAERI are briefly considered.
The effect of parameter uncertainty on blind prediction of Np(V) sorption onto hematite using the Diffuse Double Layer Model
Authors: Richter Anke , Brendler V. , Nebelung C. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
The aim of this work is to illustrate the effect of parameter uncertainty (protolysis constants) in surface complexation modeling. As example the blind prediction of Np(V) sorption onto hematite was selected, applying the Diffuse Double Layer Model (DDLM).
None of the pK parameter sets randomly generated within a space of two standard deviations did deliver unacceptable predictions for the distribution coefficients. Thus, the formally large spreading of the pK values as extracted from literature (even after normalization and extrapolation to infinite dilution) is actually not critical. For well-defined mineral systems, provided a suitable database is accessible, the DDLM approach seems to be promising.
Investigation on the chemical behaviour of a crown ether irradiated in high gamma radiation fields
Authors: Fornaciari Iljadica María C. , Furnari J. C. , Cohen Isaac M. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
The performance, after irradiation at high gamma radiation doses, of the material known under the commercial name SrResin (Eichrom Industries, USA), consisting of a crown ether, 4,4′(5′)-bis(t-butyl-cyclohexane)-18-crown-6, in a solution of 1-octanol absorbed in a polymeric support, has been characterised. The matrix, disposed in columns moistened with dilute HNO3 or imbibed with 8 M HNO3, was irradiated with a 60Co radiation field at doses from 2 kGy up to 40 kGy, and the separative properties of the columns were measured through the barium–strontium separation. Although the effects of the irradiation are displacement of the elution volumes and an increase of losses of the elements, quantitative separation of barium and strontium is still feasible.
Ion chromatographic analysis of aqueous iodine species by conductivity and radioactivity measurements
Authors: Schumann Dorothea , Grasser R. , Dressler R. , Bruchertseifer H. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
A new device was developed for the identification of several iodine species in aqueous solution using ion chromatography. Iodide, iodate and molecular iodine can be determined. (The equipment allows both conductivity and radioactivity detections.) The method is applicable for the determination of radioactive iodine contaminations in the cooling water of nuclear power plants.
Determination of actinides and 90Sr in spent ion exchange resins
Authors: Tavčar Polona , Benedik Ljudmila 
Published: November 2005

Summary
In the present work, we focused on determination of some important activation products like 238Pu, 239Pu/ 240Pu, 241Am, and 237Np, and 90Sr as a fission product in spent ion exchange resins. The activation products of interest are alpha emitters, while 90Sr is a beta emitter. Radioactive solutions of 241Am, 238Pu, 237Np, and 90Sr and pure ion exchange resins were used to prepare artificial samples which were subsequently subjected to an analytical procedure. This consisted of wet destruction of the resins with Fenton's reagent followed by separations using ion exchange. The activities found showed good agreement with calculated values and yields were also very good (above 50%). We also analysed five samples of spent ion exchange resin from the TRIGA Mark II research reactor. Activities of selected radionuclides were below expectations in all samples except in sample 1, which had higher activities of 90Sr, 137Cs, 60Co, 152Eu, and 154Eu. Total beta/gamma activity did not exceed the max. permitted level for low level waste.
Determination of neptunium in soil by ICP-MS
Authors: Ayranov Marin , Krähenbühl Urs , Sahli Hans , Röllin Stefan , Burger Mario 
Published: November 2005

SummaryA fast and simple method for the determination of237Np in soil is presented. The borate fusion decreases the sample pre-treatment time and a TEVA extraction chromatography separates neptunium from uranium and the interfering matrix components. A comparison of the sensitivities of alpha spectrometry and sector field ICP-MS for determination of237Np is presented.
Channel Catfish Maturation in Mississippi Streams
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Jackson Donald C. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Commercial fisheries for wild channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in Mississippi are subject to a single statewide minimum length limit of 300 mm. This assumes either that all populations of channel catfish in Mississippi are biologically similar or that known differences are not significant enough to override social issues, such as the enforcement of more specific regulations. We quantified sexual maturity of channel catfish from nine rivers in Mississippi to establish a biologically appropriate spatial resolution for application of length-based harvest regulations. Age and length at 50% maturity differed among channel catfish populations from different rivers. Age and length at 50% maturity for channel catfish from all rivers combined differed among years but did not differ between sexes. Age at 50% maturity was negatively related to watershed soil fertility and positively related to mean watershed elevation, whereas length at 50% maturity was not related to any tested environmental factor (P &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that sexual maturity is reached sooner in systems that have greater fertility or a longer growing season. This effect is modified by annual climatic variability (e.g., rainfall) but indicates that length-based regulations should be applied at a river- or watershed-specific scale.
Angler Catch Rates and Catchability of Walleyes in Oneida Lake, New York
Authors: VanDeValk Anthony J. , Forney John L. , Jackson James R. , Rudstam Lars G. , Brooking Thomas E. , Krueger Scott D. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between anglers and fish is important to the management of angling fisheries. We compared angler catch rates estimated from creel surveys with (1) population density estimates of age-3 and older walleyes Sander vitreus based on mark–recapture and (2) mean growth of walleyes aged 4–6 in Oneida Lake during 1957–1959, 1997, and 2002– 2003. We also compared walleye catchability to walleye population density. Angler catch rates were not related to walleye population density; however, by combining population density and walleye growth, we were able to explain 97% of the variability in angler catch rates, perhaps because growth rates were related to prey abundance. Catchability of walleyes decreased as population density increased. Consideration of these effects should improve our understanding of angler–fish dynamics and allow fishery managers to better predict the effects of management actions.
Racial/Ethnic Variations in Veterans’ Ambulatory Care Use
Authors: Washington Donna L. , Villa Valentine , Brown Arleen , Damron-Rodriguez JoAnn , Harada Nancy 
Published: October 2005

Objectives. We assessed racial/ethnic variations in patterns of ambulatory care use among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care–eligible veterans to determine if racial/ethnic differences in health care use persist in equal-access systems. Methods. We surveyed 3227 male veterans about their health and ambulatory care use. Results. Thirty-eight percent of respondents had not had a health care visit in the previous 12 months. Black (odds ratio [OR] = 0.5), Hispanic (OR = 0.4), and Asian/Pacific Islander veterans (OR=0.4) were less likely than White veterans to report any ambulatory care use. Alternately, Whites (OR=2.2) were more likely than other groups to report ambulatory care use. Being White was a greater predictor of health care use than was having fair or poor health (OR=1.4) or functional limitations (OR=1.5). In non-VA settings, racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to have a usual provider of health care. There was no VA racial/ethnic variation in this parameter. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care use are present among VA health care–eligible veterans. Although the VA plays an important role in health care delivery to ethnic minority veterans, barriers to VA ambulatory care use and additional facilitators for reducing unmet need still need to be investigated.
Information Technology as a Tool to Improve the Quality of American Indian Health Care
Authors: Sequist Thomas D. , Cullen Theresa , Ayanian John Z. 
Published: October 2005

The American Indian/Alaska Native population experiences a disproportionate burden of disease across a spectrum of conditions. While the recent National Healthcare Disparities Report highlighted differences in quality of care among racial and ethnic groups, there was only very limited information available for American Indians. The Indian Health Service (IHS) is currently enhancing its information systems to improve the measurement of health care quality as well as to support quality improvement initiatives. We summarize current knowledge regarding health care quality for American Indians, highlighting the variation in reported measures in the existing literature. We then discuss how the IHS is using information systems to produce standardized performance measures and present future directions for improving American Indian health care quality.
Genomics and the Public Health Code of Ethics
Authors: Thomas James C. , Irwin Debra E. , Zuiker Erin Shaugnessy , Millikan Robert C. 
Published: October 2005

We consider the public health applications of genomic technologies as viewed through the lens of the public health code of ethics. We note, for example, the potential for genomics to increase our appreciation for the public health value of interdependence, the potential for some genomic tools to exacerbate health disparities because of their inaccessibility by the poor and the way in which genomics forces public health to refine its notions of prevention. The public health code of ethics sheds light on concerns raised by commercial genomic products that are not discussed in detail by more clinically oriented perspectives. In addition, the concerns raised by genomics highlight areas of our understanding of the ethical principles of public health in which further refinement may be necessary.
Latino Populations: A Unique Opportunity for the Study of Race, Genetics, and Social Environment in Epidemiological Research
Authors: González Burchard Esteban , Borrell Luisa N. , Choudhry Shweta , Naqvi Mariam , Tsai Hui-Ju , Rodriguez-Santana Jose R. , Chapela Rocio , Rogers Scott D. , Mei Rui , Rodriguez-Cintron William , Arena Jose F. , Kittles Rick , Perez-Stable Eliseo J. , Ziv Elad , Risch Neil 
Published: October 2005

Latinos are the largest minority population in the United States. Although usually classified as a single ethnic group by researchers, Latinos are heterogeneous from cultural, socioeconomic, and genetic perspectives. From a cultural and social perspective, Latinos represent a wide variety of national origins and ethnic and cultural groups, with a full spectrum of social class. From a genetic perspective, Latinos are descended from indigenous American, European, and African populations. We review the historical events that led to the formation of contemporary Latino populations and use results from recent genetic and clinical studies to illustrate the unique opportunity Latino groups offer for studying the interaction between racial, genetic, and environmental contributions to disease occurrence and drug response.
Use of Efficiency Frontiers to Align Prices and Clinical Benefits of Biologic Therapies for Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Egilman Alexander C. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Avorn Jerry , Raymakers Adam J. N. , Rome Benjamin N. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe US lacks a systematic approach for aligning drug prices with clinical benefit, and traditional cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) faces political obstacles. The efficiency frontier (EF) method offers policymakers an alternative approach.ObjectiveTo assess how the EF approach could align prices and clinical benefits of biologic medications for plaque psoriasis and estimate price reductions in the US vs 4 peer countries: Australia, Canada, France, and Germany.Design and SettingThis health economic evaluation used the EF approach to compare the prices and clinical benefits of 11 biologics and 2 biosimilars for plaque psoriasis in the US, Australia, Canada, France, and Germany. Data were collected from February to March 2023 and analyzed from March to June 2023.Main Outcome MeasuresEFs were constructed based on each biologic’s efficacy, measured using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90 response rate, and annual treatment cost as of January 2023; US costs were net of estimated manufacturer rebates. Prices based on the EF were compared with traditional CEA-based prices calculated by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review at a threshold of $150 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained.ResultsAmong 13 biologics, PASI 90 response rates ranged from 17.9% (etanercept) to 71.6% (risankizumab); US net annual treatment costs ranged from $1664 (infliximab-dyyb) to $79 277 (risankizumab). The median (IQR) net annual treatment cost was higher in the US ($34 965 [$20 493-$48 942]) than prerebate costs in Australia ($9179 [$6691-$12 688]), Canada ($15 556 [$13 017-$16 112]), France ($9478 [$6637-$11 678]), and Germany ($13 829 [$13 231-$15 837]). The US EF included infliximab-dyyb (PASI 90: 57.4%; annual cost: $1664), ixekizumab (PASI 90: 70.8%; annual cost: $33 004), and risankizumab (PASI 90: 71.6%; annual cost: $79 277). US prices for psoriasis biologics would need to be reduced by a median (IQR) of 71% (31%-95%) to align with those estimated using the EF; the same approach would yield smaller price reductions in Canada (41% [6%-57%]), Australia (36% [0%-65%]), France (19% [0%-67%]), and Germany (11% [8%-26%]). Except for risankizumab, the EF-based prices were lower than the prices based on traditional CEA.Conclusions and RelevanceThis economic evaluation showed that for plaque psoriasis biologics, using an EF approach to negotiate prices could lead to substantial price reductions and better align prices with clinical benefits. US policymakers might consider using EFs to achieve prices commensurate with comparative clinical benefits, particularly for drug classes with multiple therapeutic alternatives for which differences can be adequately summarized by a single outcome measurement.
Incarceration History and Access to and Receipt of Health Care in the US
Authors: Zhao Jingxuan , Star Jessica , Han Xuesong , Zheng Zhiyuan , Fan Qinjin , Shi Sylvia Kewei , Fedewa Stacey A. , Yabroff K. Robin , Nogueira Leticia M. 
Published: February 2024

ImportancePeople with a history of incarceration may experience barriers in access to and receipt of health care in the US.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of incarceration history and access to and receipt of care and the contribution of modifiable factors (educational attainment and health insurance coverage) to these associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIndividuals with and without incarceration history were identified from the 2008 to 2018 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. Analyses were conducted from October 2022 to December 2023.Main Measures and OutcomesAccess to and receipt of health care were measured as self-reported having usual source of care and preventive service use, including physical examination, influenza shot, blood pressure check, blood cholesterol level check, blood glucose level check, dental check, and colorectal, breast, and cervical cancer screenings across multiple panels. To account for the longitudinal study design, we used the inverse probability weighting method with generalized estimating equations to evaluate associations of incarceration history and access to care. Separate multivariable models examining associations between incarceration history and receipt of each preventive service adjusted for sociodemographic factors; sequential models further adjusted for educational attainment and health insurance coverage to examine their contribution to the associations of incarceration history and access to and receipt of health care.ResultsA total of 7963 adults with 41 614 person-years of observation were included in this study; of these, 586 individuals (5.4%) had been incarcerated, with 2800 person-years of observation (4.9%). Compared with people without incarceration history, people with incarceration history had lower percentages of having a usual source of care or receiving preventive services, including physical examinations (69.6% vs 74.1%), blood pressure test (85.6% vs 91.6%), blood cholesterol level test (59.5% vs 72.2%), blood glucose level test (61.4% vs 69.4%), dental check up (51.1% vs 66.0%), and breast (55.0% vs 68.2%) and colorectal cancer screening (65.6% vs 70.3%). With additional adjustment for educational attainment and health insurance, the associations of incarceration history and access to care were attenuated for most measures and remained statistically significant for measures of having a usual source of care, blood cholesterol level test, and dental check up only.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this survey study suggest that incarceration history was associated with worse access to and receipt of health care. Educational attainment and health insurance may contribute to these associations. Efforts to improve access to education and health insurance coverage for people with an incarceration history might mitigate disparities in care.
Expansion of Child Tax Credits and Mental Health of Parents With Low Income in 2021
Authors: Nam Jaehyun , Kwon Sarah Jiyoon 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe 2021 Child Tax Credit (CTC) expansion, as part of the American Rescue Plan Act, offered financial relief through generous monthly tax benefits to families with children amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of heightened concerns about mental health during the pandemic, the expanded CTC may have alleviated parental mental health challenges, especially within families with low income.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the 2021 CTC expansion and mental health among parents with low income as measured by depression and anxiety symptoms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis repeated cross-sectional study used data from the Household Pulse Survey covering April 14, 2021, to January 10, 2022, in the US. A difference-in-difference-in-differences estimator combined with propensity score matching was used to estimate the association of the expanded CTC with mental health symptoms among households with income less than $35 000.ExposureThe monthly payment of expanded CTC from July 15 to December 15, 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresParental mental health was measured by analyzing depression and anxiety symptoms using logistic regression.ResultsThe weighted sample comprised 546 366 adults (mean [SD] age, 43.02 [14.54] years; 52.9% female). The most common education level was high school or less (36.0%), the highest frequency of household income distribution was $50 000 to $74 999 (16.1%), and the majority of the sample was employed (67.3%). The weighted mean (SD) number of children in the household was 0.92 (1.18). For the full sample, receiving expanded CTC benefits was associated with lower odds of experiencing anxiety symptoms (odds ratio, 0.730; 95% CI, 0.598-0.890). Subgroup analyses indicated that the positive associations of the policy with anxiety symptoms were particularly pronounced among the female, working-age (17-60 years), non-Hispanic White, and higher education groups. However, the policy expansion had no association with depression.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings may provide valuable evidence for policy makers to consider when deliberating on the possibility of making the CTC expansion permanent or transforming it into a universal program.