Abstract 5110: Exploring the effects of Indirubins in pediatric diffuse high grade glioma models
Authors: Clark Jasmine S. , Jimenez-Macias Jorge , Vaughn-Beaucaire Philippa , Zhang Shengliang , El-Deiry Wafik , Lulla Rishi , Lawler Sean 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is an invasive pediatric brain tumor which grows in the pons of the brainstem. The current course of treatment is focal radiation however, DMG continues to have a very poor prognosis with a median survival of less than 10 months. A major barrier for chemotherapeutic treatment of DMG is the blood brain barrier (BBB) which tightly controls access of molecules to the brain. This limits the efficacy of drugs to treat brain cancer and other diseases of the central nervous system. Previous studies from the Lawler lab and others have shown that the indirubin derivative, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-acetoxime(BIO-acetoxime/BIA), has anti-invasive properties and can enhance survival in glioblastoma xenograft models. Here, we investigated the effects of BIA on pediatric glioma models using a range of relevant assays. In an in vitro collagen migration assay, BIA was observed to significantly slow cell migration at a concentration of 1µM in DIPG 36 cells, over 72 hours. Furthermore, we have also shown that BIA modulates the tumor vasculature, which could limit tumor growth, and improves drug delivery to tumors by targeting tight junctions in tumor associated endothelium. The effect on BBB drug penetration was assessed in a multicellular 3D in vitro BBB model and effects of BIA on endothelial barrier functions was determined using trans-endothelial resistance assays (TEER). BIA treatment increased dextran uptake into 3D BBB models, and also lowered endothelial cell permeability in vitro via a reduction in the expression of tight junction proteins as shown by staining and a decrease in TEER values. In order to assess potential synergistic interactions, a drug screen was performed on a panel of distinct pediatric glioma cell lines (DIPG 36 and KNS42). This identified several FDA approved drugs that combine well with BIA. From this screen, BIA was shown to synergize with DNA damaging chemotherapy to enhance toxicity and in combination with cisplatin promote DNA damage in pediatric glioma cell lines. Other drugs identified in the screen are currently under investigation and details will be reported. Thus, our hypothesis is that BIA may provide an effective approach for further development as a DMG therapeutic through targeting invasion and enhancing drug potency and delivery via modulation of endothelial cell tight junctions. Interrogating the mechanisms involved and developing drug formulations informed by the drug screen for in vivo studies to determine the translational potential of this approach is our focus for future studies.
Citation Format: Jasmine S. Clark, Jorge Jimenez-Macias, Philippa Vaughn-Beaucaire, Shengliang Zhang, Wafik El-Deiry, Rishi Lulla, Sean Lawler. Exploring the effects of Indirubins in pediatric diffuse high grade glioma models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5110.