bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate mimicry of Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide is critical for the induction of anti‐GM1 antibody and neuropathy
Authors: Shu Xiao Mei , Cai Fang Cheng , Zhang Xiao Ping 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe expression of ganglioside‐mimicking structures of Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharides (LOS) is considered essential for the induction of antiganglioside antibodies that lead to Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). The galE gene in C. jejuni is involved in the biosynthesis of the LOS outer‐core oligosaccharide structures. We have demonstrated that the C. jejuni HB9313 (HS:19) parental strain expresses a LOS structure containing GM1‐like epitopes, and the C. jejuni knockout mutant of the galE gene expresses a truncated LOS structure without GM1‐like epitopes. To clarify whether the ganglioside‐like structures in Campylobacteri LOS are crucial for induction of antiganglioside antibody responses and neuropathy, we performed immunization experiments in guinea pig models using the parental strain HB9313 and its galE mutant derivative. The anti‐GM1 IgG antibody responses in immunized animals were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Sciatic nerve specimens were evaluated pathologically. High levels of the anti‐GM1 IgG antibody were induced in guinea pigs immunized with HB9313, but not in those immunized with the galE mutant. The mean percentage of abnormality of sciatic‐nerve teased fibers from animals sensitized with C. jejuni HB9313 was significantly higher than from animals immunized with the galE mutant. Furthermore, significant changes were found in semithin sections of the sciatic nerve from animals inoculated with C. jejuni HB9313. The major pathological finding was axonal degeneration; no significant morphological findings, except for occasional demyelination, were observed in animals immunized with the galE mutant. These results indicate that ganglioside‐mimicry structures in C. jejuni LOS are necessary for induction of antiganglioside antibody response and neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2006
Novel kruppel‐like factor is induced by neuronal activity and by sensory input in the central nervous system of the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus
Authors: Fukunaga Satoshi , Matsuo Ryota , Hoshino Syohei , Kirino Yutaka 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn the Limax central nervous system, the procerebrum is thought to be the locus of odor information processing and odor memory retention, but little is known about the input pathway of the noxious stimuli used in this learning protocol. To gain insight into the sensory information processing of the noxious stimuli involved in memory formation, we screened genes induced by artificial neuronal activity, and identified one kruppel‐like factor (KLF) family transcription factor gene (Limax KLF; limKLF), which is up‐regulated 30 min after depolarization. The limKLF protein fused to GFP was localized to the nucleus in COS‐7 cells. We also cloned an immediate early gene, CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), of Limax by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Both genes were up‐regulated by dissection of the central nervous system (CNS) out of the slug in a protein synthesis‐independent manner, and also by various noxious stimuli to the slug's body. These genes may be useful as neuronal activity markers in Limax to visualize activated sensory nervous systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Calbindin‐positive neurons reveal a sexual dimorphism within the songbird analogue of the mammalian auditory cortex
Authors: Pinaud Raphael , Fortes Antonio F. , Lovell Peter , Mello Claudio V. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe oscine song system, a set of interconnected brain nuclei involved in song production and learning, is one of the first and clearest examples of brain sexual dimorphism in a vertebrate, being typically well‐developed in males, but not females. Here we present evidence for a sexual dimorphism in the caudomedial nidopallidum (NCM), an auditory area outside of the song system. NCM is thought to correspond to a portion of the auditory cortex of mammals and is involved in the perceptual processing of birdsong. We show that cells immunolabeled for the calcium‐binding protein calbindin are primarily localized to caudal NCM and are almost twice as numerous in males as in females. We demonstrate that calbindin‐positive cells constitute a subset of GABAergic cells in NCM, and show that the sex dimorphism in this cell population does not result from local gender differences in the overall density of neuronal or GABAergic cells. In addition, we demonstrate that calbindin‐positive cells lack song‐induced expression of the activity‐dependent gene ZENK, and that song stimulation does not change the density or distribution of these cells in NCM. Finally, we show that the distribution of calbindin‐positive cells in NCM is strikingly similar to the mRNA expression for the estrogen‐generating enzyme aromatase. Together these results suggest that NCM is likely composed of neurochemically‐distinct domains and presents a marked sex dimorphism in a specific subset of GABAergic neurons, which may confer sex‐specific sensory processing capabilities to this auditory area. Our results also suggest that local sex steroid hormones may play a local role in auditory processing in the songbird telencephalon. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
MR linear contact detection algorithm
Authors: Munjiza A. , Rougier E. , John N. W. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractLarge‐scale discrete element simulations, as well as a whole range of related problems, involve contact of a large number of separate bodies and an efficient and robust contact detection algorithm is necessary. There has been a number of contact detection algorithms with total detection time proportional to N ln(N) (where N is the total number of separate bodies) reported in the past. In more recent years algorithms with total CPU time proportional to N have been developed. In this work, a novel contact detection algorithm with total detection time proportional to N is proposed. The performance of the algorithm is not influenced by packing density, while memory requirements are insignificant. The algorithm is applicable to systems comprising bodies of a similar size. The algorithm is named MR (Munjiza–Rougier: Munjiza devised the algorithm, Rougier implemented it). In the second part of the paper the algorithm is extended to particles of different sizes. The new algorithm is called MMR (multi‐step MR) algorithm. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods of fundamental solutions for time‐dependent heat conduction problems
Authors: Chantasiriwan S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA time‐dependent heat conduction problem can be solved by the method of fundamental solutions using the fundamental solution to the modified Helmholtz equation or the fundamental solution to the heat equation. This paper presents solutions using both formulations in terms of initial and boundary conditions. Such formulations enable calculation of errors and variance, which indicates sensitivities of solutions to uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions. Both errors and variance of solutions to three test problems by the two methods of fundamental solutions are used to compare performances of the methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ILK over‐expression in human colon cancer progression correlates with activation of β‐catenin, down‐regulation of E‐cadherin and activation of the Akt–FKHR pathway
Authors: Bravou V , Klironomos G , Papadaki E , Taraviras S , Varakis J 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIntegrin‐linked kinase (ILK) has been implicated in the development and progression of several human malignancies. However, the role of ILK in human colon cancer progression is not well established, neither have its possible in vivo downstream effectors in the disease been identified. We studied, by immunohistochemistry, ILK, β‐catenin, E‐cadherin, p‐Akt and p‐FKHR protein expression in 125 primary colon carcinomas and 45 corresponding lymph node metastases. ILK was expressed in 98.4% of the primary tumours and in 100% of metastatic lesions. The levels of ILK expression correlated strongly with tumour invasion, tumour grade and stage and were significantly higher in metastatic tumours. Activation of β‐catenin, down‐regulation of E‐cadherin and activation of the Akt–FKHR pathway correlated significantly with both ILK expression and tumour progression parameters. In conclusion, our results suggest that ILK may have an important role in progression of human colon cancer, possibly through in vivo regulation of β‐catenin, E‐cadherin and Akt pathways. Our study also provides some evidence implicating p‐FKHR in human colon carcinogenesis and ILK signalling. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGF‐β1 drives partial myofibroblastic differentiation in chondromyxoid fibroma of bone
Authors: Romeo Salvatore , Eyden Brian , Prins Frans A , Briaire‐de Bruijn Inge H , Taminiau Antonie HM , Hogendoorn Pancras CW 
Published: November 2005

AbstractChondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare benign cartilaginous bone tumour with a lobular architecture containing stellate and myofibroblast‐like spindle cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence, spatial distribution, and extent of myoid differentiation in CMF and to evaluate a possible causative role for TGF‐β1 signalling, which is known to promote smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression. Twenty cases were studied for immunoreactivity for muscle‐specific actin (MSA), SMA, desmin, h‐caldesmon, calponin, TGF‐β1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1). The extent of myofibroblastic differentiation was further investigated ultrastructurally, including immuno‐electron microscopy using antibodies against MSA and SMA, focusing upon the different cell types in CMF. The expression of potential genes driving this process was quantified by Q‐RT‐PCR (TGF‐β1, fibronectin, its EDA splice variant, and PAI‐1). Tumour cells, especially those with a spindled morphology, showed diffuse immunoreactivity for MSA, SMA, TGF‐β1, and PAI‐1, while desmin, h‐caldesmon, and calponin were absent. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells showed the presence of myofilaments and rare dense bodies, which were more prominent in spindle cells and less so in chondroblast‐like cells. Immuno‐electron microscopy confirmed the actin nature of these myofilaments. No fibronexus was identified. The functional activity of TGF‐β1 was demonstrated by the identification of PAI‐1, a related downstream molecule both immunohistochemically as well as by Q‐RT‐PCR. There was a linear correlation between TGF‐β1 and PAI‐1 expression. Fibronectin–EDA levels were low. We have therefore substantiated the presence of morphological, immunohistochemical, and immuno‐electron microscopic partial myofibroblastic differentiation in CMF, driven by TGF‐β1 signalling. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Providing psychological services for people with diabetes
Authors: Malone A , Dempster M , Davies M 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPrevious research and service development guidelines have highlighted the importance of psychological issues in diabetes care, and both people with diabetes and diabetes professionals recognise the need for specialist psychological input. This article outlines the development of a service delivery model for psychological services in diabetes care, based on a patient needs assessment and the advice of diabetes professionals. This involved an assessment of the psychological needs of people with diabetes within an urban health trust in Northern Ireland, and the collation of the views of local diabetes professionals.Questionnaires to assess for depression, anxiety, binge eating behaviour and diabetes‐specific worries were completed by 300 people with diabetes. The participants were accessed through both primary and secondary care diabetes teams. As expected, a high level of psychological distress relative to population norms was illustrated by the patient needs assessment. Particularly high levels of binge eating behaviour were reported, and levels of distress were higher for community‐managed patients than for hospital‐managed patients. The diabetes professionals unanimously agreed that there is a need for specialist psychological input and contributed to the service delivery model which is outlined in this article. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and properties of hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) films using acetal cross‐linking units
Authors: Zhu Bao‐Ku , Wei Xiu‐Zhen , Xiao Ling , Xu You‐Yi , Geckeler Kurt E 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNovel films based on cross‐linked hyperbranched poly(amine‐ester) (HPAE) were prepared by cross‐linking the terminal hydroxyl groups of HPAE using glutaraldehyde (GA). The cross‐linking process was monitored by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of HPAE/GA in N,N‐dimethylacetamide. The surface structures of the cross‐linked HPAE films obtained from different HPAE/GA ratios were imaged using atom force microscopy, and their properties were characterized in terms of hydrophilicity, solvent swelling, mechanics, and protein adsorption. It was found that the static contact angle was <32.9°, tensile strength was >0.35 MPa, elongation at break was >9.2%, swelling degree was >63% in water, and bovine serum albumin adsorption was relatively low. The results indicate that cross‐linked HPAE films have a strong application potential in many areas. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic characterization of the cytotoxic mechanism of gold (III) porphyrin 1a, a potential anticancer drug
Authors: Wang Ying , He Qing‐Yu , Che Chi‐Ming , Chiu Jen‐Fu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in the potential applications of gold (III) complexes as anticancer drugs with higher cytotoxicity and fewer side effects than existing metal anticancer drugs. Our previous findings demonstrated that gold (III) porphyrin 1a preferentially induced apoptosis in a cancer cell line (SUNE1). In this study, we identified differentially expressed proteins related to the drug's cytotoxic action by comparing the protein alterations induced by gold (III) porphyrin 1a and cisplatin treatments. Several clusters of altered proteins were identified, including cellular structure and stress‐related chaperone proteins, proteins involved in reactive oxygen species and enzyme proteins, translation factors, proteins that mediate cell proliferation or differentiation, and proteins participating in the internal degradation systems. Our results indicated that multiple factors leading to apoptosis were involved in drug cytotoxicity in SUNE1 cells. The balance between pro‐apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic signals determined the final fate of cancer cells.
Proteomic analysis of chlorosome‐depleted membranes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum
Authors: Aivaliotis Michalis , Haase Winfried , Karas Michael , Tsiotis Georgios 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGreen sulfur bacteria are obligate anaerobic phototrophs, which in addition to outer and plasma membranes contain chlorosomes. The analysis of the membrane proteome of Chlorobium tepidum from chlorosome‐depleted membranes is described in this study. The membranes were purified by sucrose density centrifugation and characterized by 1‐DE and 2‐DE coupled with MS, absorption spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. 1‐DE and 2‐DE were employed to analyze the membrane proteins and to characterize the capabilities of the methods. Solubilization of the membrane proteins prior to 2‐DE was improved by using a series of zwitterionic detergents. Based on the resolved spots after 2‐DE, the combination of amidosulfobetaine 14 with Triton X‐100 is more efficient than the combination of CHAPS, N‐decyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propane sulfonate, and Triton X‐100. From the application of 1‐DE and 2‐DE, 167 and 202 unique proteins were identified, respectively, using PMF by MALDI‐TOF MS. Both methods resulted in the detection of 291 different proteins of which only 88 were predicted membrane proteins, indicating the limitation of membrane protein detection after separation with electrophoresis methods. In addition, 53 of these proteins were identified as outer membrane proteins.
Disulfide proteome yields a detailed understanding of redox regulations: A model study of thioredoxin‐linked reactions in seed germination
Authors: Yano Hiroyuki , Kuroda Masaharu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that redox regulations play important roles in a broad spectrum of biological processes. Recently, Yano et al. developed a disulfide proteome technique that comprehensively visualizes redox change in proteins. In this paper, using the disulfide proteome, we examined rice bran and identified fragments of embryo‐specific protein and dienelactone hydrolase as putative targets of thioredoxin. Also, monitoring of the endogenous and recombinant effects of thioredoxin on rice bran proteins and supporting in vivo observations propose a mechanism of redox regulation in seed germination, in which thioredoxin activates cysteine protease with a concurrent unfolding of its substrate, the embryo‐specific protein. Our findings suggest that thioredoxin controls the lifetime of specific proteins effectively by regulating the redox reactions coordinately. The model study demonstrates that the disulfide proteome technique is useful not only for identifying targets of thioredoxin, but also for clarify the detailed mechanism of redox regulation.
Arabidopsis cell wall proteome defined using multidimensional protein identification technology
Authors: Bayer Emmanuelle M. , Bottrill Andrew R. , Walshaw John , Vigouroux Marielle , Naldrett Mike J. , Thomas Carole L. , Maule Andrew J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWith the completion of the sequencing of the Arabidopsis genome and the recent advances in proteomic technology, the identification of proteins from highly complex mixtures is now possible. Rather than using gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting, we have used multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) to analyse the ‘tightly‐bound’ proteome for purified cell walls from Arabidospis cell suspension cultures. Using bioinformatics for the prediction of signal peptides for targeting to the secretory pathway and for the absence of ER retention signal, 89 proteins were selected as potential extracellular proteins. Only 33% of these were identified in previous proteomic analyses of Arabidopsis cell walls. A functional classification revealed that a large proportion of the proteins were enzymes, notably carbohydrate active enzymes, peroxidases and proteases. Comparison of all the published proteomic analyses for the Arabidopsis cell wall identified 268 non‐redundant genes encoding wall proteins. Sixty of these (22%) were derived from our analysis of tightly‐bound wall proteins.
Identification of prion protein binding proteins by combined use of far‐Western immunoblotting, two dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Strom Alexander , Diecke Sebastian , Hunsmann Gerhard , Stuke Andreas W. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe cellular prion protein (PrPC), a highly conserved glycoprotein predominantly expressed by neuronal cells, can convert into an abnormal isoform (PrPSc) and provoke a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. In spite of many studies, the physiological function of PrPC remains unknown. Recent findings suggest that PrPC is a multifunctional protein participating in several cellular processes. Using recombinant human PrP as a probe, we performed far‐Western immunoblotting (protein overlay assay) to detect cellular PrPC interactors. Brain extracts of wild‐type and PrP knockout mice were screened by far‐Western immunoblotting for PrP‐specific interactions. Subsequently, putative ligands were isolated by 2‐DE and identified by MALDI‐TOF MS, enabling identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 and aldolase C as novel interaction partners of PrPC. These data provide the first evidence of a molecule indicating a mechanism for the predicted involvement of PrPC in nucleic acid metabolisms. In summary, we have shown the successful combination of 2‐DE with far‐Western immunoblotting and MALDI‐TOF MS for identification of new cellular binding partners of a known protein. Especially the application of this technique to investigate other neurodegenerative diseases is promising.
Proteome profile changes that are differentially regulated by lipid and protein phosphatase activities of tumor suppressor PTEN in PTEN‐expressing U‐87 MG human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Shim Jung Hye , Kim Yu Sam , Bahk Young Yil 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe phosphatase and tensin homolog tumor suppressor (PTEN) belongs to a class of “gatekeeper” tumor suppressors together with p53, retinoblastoma and adenomatous polyposis. It is considered one of the most important tumor suppressors in the post p53 era. Previously to identify the molecules involved in the signaling network regulated by PTEN using proteomic tools, we reported global proteome profiles at different time points using the PTEN inducible NIH3T3 cells (Kim, S.‐y., Kim, Y. S., Bahk, Y. Y.,Mol. Cells2003,15, 396–405). However, the system had a critical limitation that NIH3T3 cell has endogenous wild‐type PTEN and, thus to be exact, the induced PTEN could not give the answer about the real physiological roles of this tumor suppressor. Here, to find out PTEN‐related protein network we have established various PTEN (wild‐type, an activity inert C124G, and a lipid phosphatase deficient G129E)‐expressing cell clones in U‐87 MG human glioblastoma cells lacking detectable PTEN as a result of genetic lesions. In this biological context, we compared their morphological and expression patterns, and proteome images of each PTEN‐expressing cell clone by 2‐DE followed by identification with MALDI‐TOF MS. We obtained some pieces of evidence that morphological change by PTEN expression is mediated by its protein phosphatase activity and their growth rate by the lipid phosphatase activity. The proteomic approaches showed that 30 proteins possibly correlated with PTEN's protein phosphatase activity (13 down‐regulated and 17 up‐regulated) and 20 with the lipid phosphatase activity (14 down‐regulated and 6 up‐regulated) were identified. Taken together, we conclude that the comparative analysis of proteome from various PTEN‐expressing cells has yielded interpretable data to elucidate the protein network directly and/or indirectly caused by individual phosphatase activities of PTENin vivo.
Proteome analysis of human amnion and amniotic fluid by two‐dimensional electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Park Soo‐Jin , Yoon Won‐Gap , Song Jin‐Su , Jung Hyun Sook , Kim Chong Jai , Oh Soo Young , Yoon Bo Hyun , Jung Guhung , Kim Hie‐Joon , Nirasawa Takashi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractProteome analysis by 2‐DE and PMF by MALDI‐TOF MS was performed on human amnion and amniotic fluid at term. Ninety‐two soluble and nineteen membrane proteins were identified from amnion. Thirty‐five proteins were identified from amniotic fluid. Calgranulin A and B were found in all patients infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum, but not in any of the patients without infection, indicating that they are potential markers of intrauterine infection. Identity of calgranulin A and B was confirmed by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS. This study represents the first extensive analysis of the human amnion and amniotic fluid proteome at term and demonstrates that 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF MS is a useful tool for identifying clinically significant biomarkers of problematic pregnancies.