bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Imaging for Parathyroid Localization in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Okada Yusaku , Mizutani Youichi , Takeuchi Hideo , Shigeno Chohei , Konishi Junji , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: July 2007

Background: We retrospectively studied the results of diagnostic imaging using 3 different modalities to determine their usefulness for preoperative localization of the parathyroid, and whether accurate preoperative localization information could be used to modify the surgical approach for parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Methods: Images of 37 parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasias in 35 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were obtained using ultrasonography, computed tomography, and subtraction scintigraphy (using thallium 201 [thallous chloride] and either iodine 123 or technetium 99m pertechnetate [99mTcO4]). Results: Approximately three fourths of the adenomas or hyperplasias were successfully identified by ultrasound (76.7%) and computed tomography (76.4%), even when the weight of the tumor was less than 500 mg. However, subtraction scintigraphy was of limited use (61.3% successfully identified). A combination of these modalities gave excellent results for detecting adenomas and hyperplasias, leading to an accurate prediction rate of 96.0%. Conclusion: We conclude that using the combination of these 3 imaging modalities is very useful for the detection of parathyroid adenomas and hyperplasias, and that with such accurate localization information, the unilateral approach alone, or even simple excision of the parathyroid tumors might be feasible, enabling less invasive surgical treatment.
Inhalation of lnterleukin‐2 Combined with Subcutaneous Administration of Interferon for the Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nakamoto Takahisa , Kasaoka Yoshinobu , Mitani Shinji , Usui Tsuguru 
Published: July 2007

Background: lnterleukin‐2 is the most promising antitumor agent for advanced renal cell carcinoma, but systemic immunotherapy with interleukin‐2 might be limited because of inadequate efficacy and severe adverse effects. In this study, we treated 7 patients with lung metastases from renal cell carcinoma with topical application of interleukin‐2 by inhalation. Methods: Patients received 100,000 IU of interleukin‐2 by inhalation 4 times a day and 9,000,000IU of interferon‐alfa‐2a subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days per week. They also received, by oral administration, 800 mg of cimetidine and 50 mg of indomethacin per day. After informed consent was obtained, the treatment started and the absence of any intolerable adverse effects was confirmed in a hospital. Then the treatment continued in an outpatient clinic for at least 3 months. Results: Of 6 assessable patients, 5 responded to this treatment; 2 patients developed a partial response (33%) and 3 remained stable (67%). Disease progressed in the remaining patient. Therapy was discontinued in 1 patient because of his poor general condition. No severe adverse effects were observed, but pulmonary fibrosis probably associated with this treatment occurred in 1 patient. Conclusion: Although more cases and further evaluation are necessary to assess the significance and the safety of the inhalation of interleukin‐2, this treatment is anticipated to be an option for selected patients with lung metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
Endoscopic Injection of Teflon for Correction of Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children
Authors: Yasui Takahiro , Akita Hidetoshi , Sasaki Shoichi , Hayashi Yutaro , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: July 2007

Background: Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux by endoscopic injection of Teflon paste has recently demonstrated a good success rate. This report describes our experience in treating vesicoureteral reflux in children with particular reference to follow‐up data. Methods: Between December 1993 and November 1994, endoscopic injection of Teflon paste into the submucosa was performed on 18 children (29 ureters) to correct vesicoureteral reflux. Results: After treatment, reflux was eliminated in 75.9%, decreased in 1 3.8%, and unchanged in 1 0.3% of the ureters. The success rate was lower for high grade reflux cases and ureteral orifices with abnormal shapes. Conclusion: Long‐term follow‐up for up to 2 years demonstrated that although late recurrence may occur in a small proportion of cases, the procedure is safe, simple and effective for correcting vesicoureteral reflux.
Influence of Prostate Size on Terazosin Efficacy
Authors: Becopoulos Theodosios , Mitropoulos Dionisios , Christofis Loannis 
Published: July 2007

Background: While the rationale for the use of α1‐adrenoreceptor antagonists in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction is well established, not all patients have either objective or subjective improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of prostatic size on the changes of peak flow rate, average flow rate and residual urine in symptomatic BPH patients undergoing terazosin treatment. Methods: Thirty‐five patients with symptomatic BPH received terazosin, 5mg once a day for 3 weeks after a 2‐week dose escalation period. Peak and average flow rates as well as residual urine were assessed before and after treatment. The patients were stratified in 3 groups by prostate size, which was estimated by transabdominal ultrasonography and a digital rectal examination. Results: The baseline characteristics for age, peak flow rate and average flow rate did not vary between the 3 groups, however, the pretreatment volume of residual urine was greater in patients with large prostate adenomas. Terazosin treatment resulted in significant changes in flow rate and residual urine, however, changes in flow rates were not influenced by prostate size, while a marked decrease in residual urine was found in patients with large prostates. Conclusion: Patients treated with terazosin obtained similar improvement in peak and average uroflow, independent of the size of the prostate.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Prostate Cancer Using Prostate Specific Membrane‐Derived Primers in the Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Noguchi Masanori , Miyajima Jiro , Itoh Kyogo , Noda Shinshi 
Published: July 2007

Background: Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has been described as human prostate specific. It is possible that PSM could be used as a biomarker for staging prostate cancer. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 2 groups of patients with prostate cancer were used for the detection of PSM messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) method. Group 1 consisted of 29 untreated patients (1 3 stage B cancer, 5 stage C, and 11 stage D cancers). Group 2 consisted of 40 treated patients (23 responded well and 17 had recurrence after treatment). In addition, blood specimens from 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 5 women, and 5 men undergoing cystoprostatectomy for invasive bladder cancer were used as controls. We then correlated patient and disease characteristics with PCR assay results. Results: Samples of all 40 controls were negative for PSM‐mRNA. Thirteen of 29 patients of group 1 (45%) were positive for PSM‐mRNA. The PCR positive rate did not correlate with clinical stage, pathologic stage, tumor grade, or serum PSA levels. Nine of 40 patients (22%) in group 2 were positive for PSM‐mRNA, and the majority (8 of 9) were derived from the group of patients with recurrent disease. Conclusions: A nested RT PCR assay for PSM mRNA can detect circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patients with prostatic cancer. These results suggest that the detection of circulating tumor cells could be useful for monitoring disease progression of prostatic cancer.
Urinary Bladder Response to Hypogastric Nerve Stimulation After Bilateral Resection of the Pelvic Nerve or Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Kontani Hitoshi , Hayashi Keiichiro 
Published: July 2007

Background: We examined the mechanism of urinary bladder motility return after bladder areflexia induced by interruption of the sacral parasympathetic outflow to the urinary bladder following damage to the sacral cord or pelvic nerves in the rat. Methods: The L6 and SI nerve bundles were resected near the vertebrae, and bilateral pelvic nerve resections (PNR) performed. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was performed by means of a legion generator at the T12 vertebra. Thirty days after PNR and SCI, cystometrograms were recorded under anesthesia. Results: In all rats subjected to PNR or SCI, overflow incontinence continued, yet some rats subjected to SCI recovered within 2 weeks after the operation. Cystometrograms showed that repetitive bladder contractions appeared in rats subjected to SCI irrespective of hypogastric nerve (HCN) innervation, while bladder contractions did not appear in rats subjected to PNR. Electrical stimulation of the HGN induced higher bladder pressure elevation in rats who underwent PNR than in rats subjected to SCI. Conclusions: These results suggest that the generation of repetitive bladder contractions induced by bladder distention after bladder areflexia requires the presence of intact pelvic nerves that transmit sacral cord‐originating excitatory information to the bladder. However, the HGN system and functioning pelvic nerve ganglia are not involved in this process. Also, the connection from the preganglionic HGN to the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves in the pelvic plexus did not form after PNR.
Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in Bladder and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Kageyama Yukio , Kamata Shigeyoshi , Yonese Junji , Oshima Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

Background: Specific repeats of oligonucleotides at the ends of chromosomes (telomeres) are shortened by cell division in somatic cells and are thought to be related to aging. Immortal cells such as germ‐line cells or cancer cells have demonstrated increased activity of the telomere‐elongating enzyme (telomerase). The length of the telomeres of these cells is stable regardless of cell division. We examined the telomere length and telomerase activity in 3 bladder (JTC30, JTC32, and T24) and 2 prostate cancer (LNCaP and DU145) cell lines. Methods: Telomere lengths were evaluated by Southern blot analysis with a oligonucleotide probe, (TTAGGG)S and telomerase activities were detected with a polymerase chain reaction‐based assay method. Results: Telomerase activity was detected in all of the cell lines. Each cell line had a specific telomere length. In 2 bladder cancer cell lines (JTC30 and JTC32), the telomere length decreased with increased passage of the cells. Conclusion: The presence of telomerase may be a biological character of bladder and prostate cancers as well as other malignancies, although it does not always compensate telomere shortening.
Significance of Prostate‐Specific Antigen after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Hachiya Takahiko , Endo Makoto , Nogaki Joji , Ishida Hajime , Okada Kiyoki 
Published: July 2007

Background:Serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is expected to be undetectable after radical prostatectomy unless there is residual disease or disease progression. The aim of this study was to confirm the usefulness of serum PSA measurements in monitoring patients after radical prostatectomy. Methods:We conducted a study of 50 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T1 ‐2 or small T3 prostate cancer, analyzed serum PSA levels before and after surgery and compared the pathological findings and clinical outcome. Results:Postoperative PSA elevation (PSA failure) was noted in 13% of patients with organ‐confined disease (OCD), 43% with positive surgical margins and/or seminal vesicle involvement (PSM/SVI), and 60% with positive lymph nodes (N+). Postoperative clinical failure was noted in 8 patients, and all were preceded by PSA failures. The 3‐year PSA failure‐free rates were 86.5%, 32.1 %, and 40.7% and the 3‐year clinical failure‐free rates were 100%, 67.5%, and 73.5% in patients with OCD, PSM/SVI and N+, respectively. Conclusion:An elevation of serum PSA levels after radical prostatectomy was a sensitive indicator of persistent disease after surgery, and preceded clinical manifestations of disease progression.
Clinicopathological Features of Prostate Cancer Detected by Transrectal Ultrasonography‐Guided Systematic Six‐Sextant Biopsy
Authors: Ito Kazuto , Ichinose Yoshio , Kubota Yutaka , Imai Kyoichi , Yamanaka Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2007

Background:The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of 3 modalities (prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) assay, digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)) in detecting prostate cancer which was pathologically confirmed by TRUS‐guided systematic six‐sextant biopsy, and to investigate the relationship between the number of positive cores and several clinicopathological parameters. Methods:Between 1 992 and 1994, 297 males (155 from a mass screening program and 142 identified as outpatients) with a mean age of 71 years, underwent examinations including PSA determination, DRE, TRUS and systematic six‐sextant biopsy, and/or additional directed biopsy. Results:Prostate cancer was detected in 93 men. The sensitivity level of the PSA assay was significantly higher (85%) than that of either DRE or TRUS. Patients with an abnormal DRE or TRUS, elevated PSA levels, and those in the T3‐T4 category or with moderate to poorly‐differentiated adenocarcinomas had more positive biopsy cores (P< 0.05). Also, the relationships of both the number of positive biopsy cores and tumor grade to bone metastasis were significant (P < 0.01). Of 209 hypoechoic areas identified by transrectal ultrasonography, 42% were cancerous, and of 427 isoechoic areas, 1 2% were cancerous. The percentage of positive biopsy cores with hypoechoic areas was 86% in the subjects with a PSA > 10 ng/mL, but low (9%) in subjects with a PSA < 4 ng/mL, and the percentage of negative biopsy cores with a normal TRUS was high (98%) in subjects with a PSA of < 4 ng/mL, but lower (67%) in subjects with a PSA > 10 ng/mL. Conclusion:The serum PSA assay was more useful than either DRE or TRUS in detecting prostate cancer. The percentage of bone metastasis increased concomitant with the number of positive biopsy cores, and the positive biopsy rate of hypoechoic areas positively correlated with the PSA level.
Long‐Term Efficacy of a Self‐Retaining Intraurethral Catheter for the Treatment of Prostatic Obstruction
Authors: Nagai Tatsuya , Kondo Tetsushi , Sakakibara Toshifumi , Yoshikawa Yoko , Gotoh Momokazu , Katoh Takanori , Kobayashi Mineo 
Published: July 2007

Background:Transurethral prostatectomy is a standard treatment modality for intravesical obstruction with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, some patients cannot undergo this procedure, so alternative devices or surgical procedures have recently been developed.Methods:We treated 26 patients with prostatic outflow obstruction by placement of a self‐retaining intraurethral catheter (IUC). All patients had coexisting medical complications which contraindicated transurethral prostatectomy.Results:In the short‐term, the treatment was successful in 96.2% of the patients, however, longer follow‐up demonstrated a significant failure rate, and the 3‐year success rate declined to 12.5%. The majority of late failures were associated with urinary tract infections.Conclusion:These results showed that although placement of an IUC to treat prostatic obstruction was effective in the short‐term, its long‐term efficacy was highly limited.
Nerve‐Sparing Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Metastatic Testicular Cancer
Authors: Arai Yoichi , Ishitoya Satoshi , Okubo Kazutoshi , Aoki Yoshitaka , Okada Takashi , Maeda Hiroshi , Suzuki Yuji 
Published: July 2007

Background:Nerve‐sparing techniques are used during retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with early stage testicular cancer to preserve postoperative ejaculatory function. Indications for the procedures have been extended to patients with a postchemotherapy retroperitoneal residual mass without compromising the efficacy of surgery. We report 6 cases diagnosed with metastatic testicular cancer who underwent nerve‐sparing RPLND. Methods:Between January 1994 and March 1996, 6 patients with metastatic testicular cancer underwent nerve‐sparing RPLND. Five of these patients received primary chemotherapy and had a retroperitoneal residual mass. Four patients underwent complete bilateral RPLND and 2 underwent unilateral template surgery. Results:After a mean follow‐up of 18.7 months (range, 8 to 34), there have been no local recurrences and 5 (83%) patients report antegrade ejaculation. Conclusion:Nerve‐sparing RPLND is applicable for selected patients with metastatic testicular cancer without increasing the risk of local recurrence. Ejaculatory function is preserved in the majority of patients, contributing to the improvement of the quality of life in men who require such surgery.
Internal Iliac Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Rabbit Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hoshi Senji , Mao Hauping , Takahashi Toshiko , Suzuki Kenichi , Nose Masato , Orikasa Seiichi 
Published: July 2007

Background:Internal iliac arterial infusion (IA) chemotherapy has been used clinically for locally invasive bladder cancer, but there have been no experimental studies to actually demonstrate whether IA is more effective than intravenous infusion (IV) chemotherapy in this setting.Methods:We compared the effects of IA and IV using a rabbit invasive bladder cancer model. A 0.2 mL suspension containing 2 times 10/6 VX2 cancer cells was inoculated into the posterior submucosa of the bladder. Two weeks later the rabbits were divided into 3 treatment groups of 8 rabbits each: controls, a group treated with IA consisting of 10 mg/kg carboplatin and 1 mg/kg pirarubicin once a week for 3 weeks (days 14, 21, and 28), and the third treated with the same regimen intravenously.Results:All bladder tumors of the rabbits in the IA group decreased in size, and 3 of the tumors totally disappeared (37.5%). There was also no evidence of lung metastasis. All tumors in the rabbits in the IV treatment group increased in size (tumor volume of IA vs. IV, P= 0.008) and 2 rabbits had lung metastases. All tumors of the control group increased in size and all rabbits had lung metastases. The concentrations of platinum and pirarubicin in the bladder tumors were significantly higher in the IA treatment group than those in the IV treatment group at time points from 5 to 10 minutes (P< 0.05) after drug infusion.Conclusion:The antitumor effect of IA may be due to higher drug concentrations in the early stage after drug delivery, and the initial circulation of high concentrations of drugs may be the most important factor in suppressing tumor growth.
Cessation of Spermatogenesis in Juvenile Spermatogonia! Depletion (jsd/jsd) Mice
Authors: Kojima Yasuyuki , Kominami Katsuya , Dohmae Kayoko , Nonomura Norio , Miki Tsuneharu , Okuyama Akihiko , Nishimune Yoshitake , Okabe Masaru 
Published: July 2007

Background:Mice homozygousforthe jsd (juvenilespermatogonial depletion) allele are sterile because they become azoospermic. The onset of such azoospermia was investigated by histologic analysis of sections of testes from jsd/jsd mice. Method:The testes removed from C57BL/6‐jsd/jsd mice aged 3 to 10 weeks were examined microscopically. Results:At 3 weeks of age, spermatocytes were seen in most of the seminiferous tubules of jsd/jsd mice. However, the number of tubules that contained spermatids was significantly smaller than that counted in the wild‐type mice. Since degenerative figures were not abundant in the jsd/jsd testes, the decreased number of spermatids found in the tubules suggested a longer duration of development from spermatocyte to spermatid in jsd/jsd mice. The abnormality extended to the development of type B spermatogonia, and a decrease in their number became apparent after 6 weeks of age in most of the jsd/jsd tubules. However, as early as 3 weeks of age, a few seminiferous tubules in jsd/jsd mice already contained only Sertoli cells and type A spermatogonia. Conclusion:It is assumed that the decrease in type B spermatogonia occurred at various ages and locations. The defect of spermatogenesis in jsd/jsd mice was attributable to aberrations in multiple steps of spermatogenesis.
Incidence of Urolithiasis in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Yanagawa Makoto , Kawamura Juichi , Onishi Takehisa , Soga Norihito , Kameda Koji , Sriboonlue Pote , Prasongwattana Vitoon , Borwornpadungkitti Sombat 
Published: July 2007

Background:Urolithiasis is a major health problem in the northeast part of Thailand. In this study, we examined the prevalence of renal stone disease and differences of urinary components between stone formers and healthy control subjects in northeastern rural areas of Thailand. Methods:We selected 3 villages in the rural areas of Khon Kaen province in northeast Thailand. Three hundred and sixty‐seven persons were asked questions relating to urolithiasis and were examined by abdominal ultrasound (US). We collected a spot urine sample from stone formers and healthy control subjects from each village. Results:Abnormal findings by US were detected in 39 individuals (10.6%), and included 31 individuals with renal calculi (8.4%), 16 with hydronephrosis (4.4%), and 1 individual with a renal cyst (0.3%). This yielded a disease rate of urinary stones in this study of 16.9%. The male/female ratio was 2/1 and the average age of the individuals examined was 40.3 + 13.9 years. However, there was no significant difference between the urinary parameters of stone formers and the healthy control subjects. Conclusion: There was a high incidence of renal stone disease in the northeast part of Thailand, but the tendency for hypocitraturia was only found in stone formers.
Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux by Subureteric Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Injection: Review of 6‐Year Experience
Authors: Kumon Hiromi , Tsugawa Masaya , Ozawa Hideo , Monden Koichi , Ohmori Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2007

Background:Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was first proposed in 1981 and the first series of patients treated by subureteric polytetrafluoroethylene paste injection (STING) was reported in 1984. Although many successful studies, primarily European, have been undertaken since then, this technique has recently been rejected in the United States. In this paper, we report our 6‐year experience and discuss indications for this technique. Patients and Methods:Since February 1990, we have used the STING technique to endoscopically correct VUR. In this analysis, 38 ureters in 24 patients (mean age, 47.3 years; range, 7 to 79 years), with at least 1 year of follow‐up were included. Results:The first injection resulted in disappearance of VUR in 34 ureters (89.5%). A second injection was done for 2 failed and 3 recurrent ureters during follow‐up, resulting in disappearance of VUR in the 3 recurrent ureters. The final success rates were 1 00% for both primary VUR and secondary VUR due to neurogenic bladder, but only 55.6% (5/9) for secondary VUR following transurethral resection of bladder tumors. No postoperative early or delayed complications were noted in any case. Conclusion: The procedure is simple and effective for the treatment of all grades of VUR. However, the procedure should be performed after careful consideration of the indications, since theoretically the risk of distant migration of the paste cannot be ignored.