bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urolithiasis in the Sudan. Studies on a Stone‐prone and a Stone‐free Population
Authors: KAMBAL A. , WAHAB E. M. A. , KHATTAB A. H. H. , ZAKl J. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— Biochemical studies were performed on 80 adult males with renal stones and 24 controls from Northern Sudan. Similar studies were performed on 44 controls from Southern Sudan, where urinary stones rarely occur.No significant differences between stone formers and controls from Northern Sudan were found regarding serum uric acid, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumen, daily urine calcium or uric acid. Similarly, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the incidence of hypercalciuria, hyperuricaemia or hyperuricosuria. The serum calcium was significantly higher in stone formers.The mean serum and daily urine calcium were significantly lower, and the mean serum and daily urine uric acid were significantly higher in controls from Southern Sudan compared to either stone formers or controls from Northern Sudan. The mean daily urine volume was significantly higher in Southern controls compared to Northern controls.The increased prevalence of stone formers in Northern Sudan appears to result from the higher calcium output in the urine and the lower urine volume in the North compared with the South.
The Safety of Transrectal Biopsy of the Prostate as an Out
Authors: EATON A. C. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— The complications following transrectal prostatic biopsy are reviewed in 1 50 patients.The most frequent complications were urinary infection and pyrexia.A prospective study within the reported series demonstrated a high incidence of bacteriaemia following biopsy.The results suggest that transrectal prostatic biopsy may be performed safely as an outpatient procedure without the use of prophylactic antibiotics, although antibiotic therapy may be indicated when complications do arise.
Suppressive Effects of Surgical Stress on Circulating Androgens During and After Prostatectomy
Authors: GHANADIAN R. , PUAH C. M. , WILLIAMS GORDON , SHAH P. J. R. , McWHlNNEY N. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— Changes in circulating testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were investigated 2 days before and 2, 7, 30 and 60 days after retropubic prostatectomy in 28 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Following operation the concentrations of both steroids declined and reached minimal levels 2 days after surgery. One month postoperatively testosterone had recovered to its preoperative value, whilst the recovery of dihydrotestosterone to its preoperative level required a minimum period of 2 months. These data indicate the need for careful interpretation of any androgen measurement following surgery.
Non‐seminoma Germ Cell Tumours (Malignant Teratoma) of the Testis Results of Treatment and an Analysis of Prognostc Factors*
Authors: PECKHAM M. J. , BARRETT ANN , McELWAIN T. J. , HENDRY W. F. , RAGHAVAN D. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— The results of treatment of 1 26 patients with non‐seminoma germ cell tumours (malignant teratoma) of the testis are presented. Of this group 81 % are alive and 70% disease‐free. Of 98 patients who had had no prior treatment 83% are alive and 76.5% disease free. Of 43 early‐stage patients 41 (95%) are alive and tumour‐free despite a 21 % relapse rate after radiotherapy.The disease‐free rate in patients with advanced disease treated with chemotherapy, and in some cases radiotherapy and/or surgery, ranged from 100 to 9% and was strongly dependent upon the volume of metastatic tumour and the histology. Patients with malignant teratoma undifferentiated (embryonal carcinoma) showed a significantly higher disease‐free survival rate than those with malignant teratoma intermediate (teratocarcinoma). Twenty‐six men with advanced disease received radiotherapy after chemotherapy and of these 23 (88%) are alive and 21 (81 %) are disease‐free. No difference in disease‐free survival rate was seen between advanced‐stage patients receiving vinblastine and bleomycin and those receiving, in addition, cis‐platinum. The overall drug‐related mortality was 4.5%.Serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) and beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐HCG) levels were valuable monitors in advanced disease but not prognostically significant if allowance was made for tumour volume. Fifteen patients had surgical resection of residual masses and one died post‐operatively.
The Histopathology of the Epididymis in a Group of Cases of Azoospermia with Normal Testicular Function
Authors: McCONNELL E. M. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— The histopathology of the head of the epididymis in cases of azoospermia associated with normal testicular function is described. In 2 specimens congenital absence of the vas deferens was associated with stuffing of all of the tubules with normal spermatozoa but no other abnormality. In 30 specimens from cases with idiopathic epididymal obstruction there were abnormalities in the vasa efferentia. These included both extreme narrowing of the lumen due to thickening of the wall by fibrosis and also distension of the lumen by sperm and degenerate debris. Small sperm granulomata were present in the tubular wall in 10 specimens and foreign body granulomata were present in 20 specimens.It is suggested that either persistent low grade infection, congenital abnormality or acute obstruction due to ischaemic or traumatic damage may be the initial lesion. If the infection or the obstruction is not speedily resolved, the condition may become self‐perpetuating.
Chemotherapy in Non‐seminomatous Testicular Tumours Stage I
Authors: EKMAN E. P. , EDSMYR F. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— Chemotherapy improves the survival rate of patients with disseminated teratoid testicular tumours, but patients without evidence of metastatic spread are not usually given further treatment after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy because of the high toxicity of most drugs; 10 to 20% of these patients die later with widespread disease.In an earlier series of 24 patients from our hospital the survival rate in stage I disease was below 70%. Since 1 973, when we began to use adjuvant chemotherapy in this group, there have been no relapses.
Surgical Management of Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: OSBORN D. E. , RAO P. N. , BARNARD R. J. , ACKRILL P. , RALSTON A. J. , BEST J. J. K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The management of 10 patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis causing obstructive uropathy is presented. In all cases the obstruction was relieved by ureterolysis and corticosteroid therapy was not used during the initial treatment.In 9 patients the operation was well tolerated but one, who developed a pyonephrosis after pre‐operative ureteric drainage, died of septicaemia 1 5 days post‐operatively. In 2 patients further explorations and ureterolysis were necessary for recurrent fibrosis which may have been related to urinary leakage. A policy for the management of these cases is presented which recommends the use of silastic tubing splints after ureteric mobilisation and the use of an ornental wrap.
A Long‐term Study of the Persistence of the Urodynamic Characteristics of the Unstable Bladder
Authors: BOOTH C. M. , WHITESIDE C. G. , TURNER‐WARWICK R. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sixty‐four patients with normal bladder function, stress incontinence, idiopathic instability or instability associated with enuresis underwent pressure/flow videocystography. This was repeated from one month to 8 years later (average 1 9.4 months).Filling cystometry remained qualitatively unchanged in 95% of cases overall, whilst the actual pressure recordings during cystometry in the 37 patients with instability remained identical or very similar in 73%.The results demonstrated the accuracy of cystometry and the consistency of bladder dynamics over the longest period so far reported in these apparently non‐progressive disorders.
Urinary Protein Profiles in Patients with Urothelial Bladder Tumours
Authors: HEMMINGSEN L. , RASMUSSEN F. , SKAARUP P. , WOLF H. 
Published: November 2008

Department of Clinical Chemistry, Central Hospital, Nykpbing Falster; Department of Urology, Hvidovre University Hospital and Urological Department H, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, DenmarkSummary —Urinary protein profiles were studied in 32 patients with urothelial bladder tumours, using immunonephelometry. In patients with and without residual or recurrent tumours a glomerular type of proteinuria was demonstrated. In patients with grade Ill‐IV transitional cell carcinoma the glomerular proteinuria was more severe than in patients with grade I‐II tumours. lncreased excretion of low molecular weight proteins was observed only in patients with grade Ill‐IV tumours.The use of the increased relative clearance of albumin, transferrin, and haptoglobin as a diagnostic test was attempted in detecting residual or recurrent tumours. In patients with grade Ill‐IV turnours the predictive value of a positive or negative test was 92% and 100% respectively, whereas the relative protein clearance was without predictive value in patients with grade I‐II tumours.
Reimplantation of the Ureter in Prostatic Carcinoma Associated with Bilateral Ureteric Obstruction
Authors: KIHL B. , BRATT C.‐G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Bilateral ureteric obstruction from prostatic carcinoma is not uncommon. A number of techniques for urinary diversion have been used in selected patients when uraemia develops.Reimplantation of the ureter(s) as an alternative to urinary diversion has been carried out in 21 patients over a 7‐year period. In 6 of these patients bilateral reimplantation was done. In another 6 patients reimplantation of the ureter was not possible and cutaneous ureterostomy was carried out. The overall survival time was 10.6 months. In 13 patients living more than 6 months post‐operatively, survival time was 1.8 years.Most patients had severe uraemia and advanced (clinical stage III or IV) prostatic carcinoma. The immediate management of these patients is outlined and the importance of early diagnosis is stressed. It is concluded that, whenever possible, ureteric reimplantation should be considered for relieving ureteric obstruction in patients selected for active treatment.
Detection of Urethral Incompetence. Erect Studies Using the Fluid‐Bridge Test
Authors: SUTHERST J. R. , BROWN M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The fluid‐bridge test (FBT) detects the entry of urine into the proximal urethra during coughing. In this study it was applied in the investigation of incontinent patients when they were first supine and then standing up. The test results in 76 women with urinary incontinence and 27 women with normal urinary control are reported.When the test was performed erect at 0.5 cm from the urethrovesical junction, it was positive in 68 (90%) of the study group and 4 (1 5%) of the controls. The difference between the results in the 2 groups is highly significant (P<0.001).In 12 (16%) of the incontinent group the test at 0.5 cm became positive only when the subject was standing up, indicating that erect testing adds to the diagnostic efficiency of the method.Erect testing seems more relevant to the investigation of stress urinary incontinence. This study has shown that this is possible using simple urodynamic apparatus.
A Control Study of Dietary Factors in Renal Stone Formation
Authors: Griffith Helen M. , O'Shea B. , Kevany J. P. , McCormick J. S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifty‐one first admission renal stone patients and an equal number of controls were interviewed and a dietary history of the average weekly intake was collected from each participant.A comparison of the dietary intake per kilogram body weight in each group was made using standard statistical procedures. None of the nutrient intakes showed a significant difference, but dietary fibre intake and the percentage of energy provided by carbohydrate were consistently higher in the control group, whereas the percentage of energy provided by fat was consistently higher in the renal stone group.
Loewenstein‐Buschke Tumour of Penis—a Carcinomimic: Report of 24 Cases with Review of the Literature
Authors: Ananthakrishnan N. , Ravindran R. , Veliath A. J. , Parkash S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐four patients with invasive penile condylomatosis (Loewenstein‐Buschke tumour) seen over a 10‐year period are presented.The clinical behaviour of the lesions, their pathological nature and response to treatment are reviewed. Their true significance and differentiation from condyloma acuminatum and squamous cell carcinoma are discussed.It appears that the lesions are not as rare as hitherto believed but are often incorrectly diagnosed as carcinoma.
Renal Transit Time Measurements in the Diagnosis of Ureteric Obstruction
Authors: WHITFIELD H. N. , BRITTON K. E. , NIMMON C. C. , HENDRY W. F. , WALLACE D. M. A. , WICKHAM J. E. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram has been used in a prospective study of 60 cases presenting with radiologically demonstrated ureteric dilatation.The results show that ureteric dilatation due to obstruction can be differentiated from ureteric dilatation without obstruction on the basis of parenchymal tracer transit times.
Regional Renography in Segmental Renal Disease
Authors: LUPTON E. W. , TESTA H. J. , O'REILLY P. H. , EDWARDS E. C. , COHEN S. J. , CARROLL R. N. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐nine patients with symptomatic segmental renal disorders were studied by regional renography. Twenty‐three patients had duplex kidneys and 6 had other segmental disease. Abnormal gamma camera findings included ureteroureteric reflux, vesicoureteric reflux, impaired function, obstruction and non‐obstructive dilatation. Comparison between renography and radiology in duplex kidneys showed agreement in 10 cases. In 7 kidneys the gamma camera provided additional information and in 6 cases the X‐rays alone were abnormal.It is concluded that regional renography should be performed wherever possible to complement conventional radiology in the functional and urodynamic evaluation of segmental renal disease.
ln vitroStudies on Optimum Preparation of Coagulum for Surgery of Renal Calculi
Authors: NORRIS R. W. , COLVIN B. T. , KENWRIGHT M. G. , FLYNN J. T. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In renal calculus surgery, human dried fibrinogen produces a coagulum with a much greater tensile strength, stickiness, deformability and extractability than cryoprecipitate, which produces a relatively weak and friable clot. A useful coagulum may be prepared at room temperature at any convenient time prior to use if a mixture of 1 9 ml human dried fibrinogen solution and 1 ml thrombin solution is used. If mixed in a single syringe and injected within 35 s through a butterfly needle into the renal pelvis, complete mixing of the solutions is guaranteed.By using this simple method, the unpredictability of the coagulum can now be eliminated and a strong and elastic clot can be produced.
The Clinical Significance of Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) in the Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: KUMAR S. , COSTELLO C. B. , GLASHAN R. W. , BJÖRKLUND B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A 2‐stage study has been carried out to evaluate the usefulness of urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels in patients with bladder cancer as an adjunct to the routine procedures for detection of bladder tumours. Two‐hour urine samples were collected from 83 bladder cancer patients and normal individuals for the first part of the study, 24‐h samples from 54 patients and normal individuals for the second part. Urinary TPA was determined using radio immunoassay. In 2‐h samples there was no significant difference in the amounts of TPA/I in any of the groups.In contrast, the TPA results of 24‐h urine samples (n = 54) were markedly different from 2‐h samples and the former correlated very well with the presence or absence of bladder cancer. A reason for this difference may be circadian rhythm effects
Early Multiple‐dose Adjuvant Thiotepa in the Control of Multiple and Rapid TI Tumour Neogenesis
Authors: ENGLAND H. R. , FLYNN J. T. , PARIS A. M. I. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In 45 patients each with a well established and constant pattern of widespread tumour neogenesis following cystodiathermy, early multiple dose adjuvant thiotepa was used in an effort to control the tumours.The response was good in 32 patients as judged by the reduction in the number of new tumours and by the downgrading and downstaging of new lesions when compared with pre‐thiotepa histology. Continuing maintenance therapy was required in the majority but, with the passage of time, the dosage could be progressively reduced, suggesting a cumulative effect of treatment.Of 13 non‐responders, 7 showed evidence of higher than average malignant potential against which thiotepa appears ineffective.The timing of administration is probably a key factor in success and one which accounts for much of the variation in reported results.
A Comparison Between Digital Examination and Per‐rectal Ultrasound in the Evaluation of the Prostate
Authors: BROOMAN P. J. C. , PEELING W. B. , GRIFFITHS G. J. , ROBERTS E. , EVANS K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Three hundred and fifty‐two patients have been examined by per‐rectal ultrasound and histological confirmation of the diagnosis was obtained in 242 cases. Per‐rectal ultrasound compared favorably with digital palpation both as a method of diagnosing prostatic cancer and also as a method of staging a primary tumour. Confirmation of the accuracy of this technique as a method of staging was gained by a study involving the use of cadaver material.Repeat examinations on patients with prostatic carcinoma have shown that per‐rectal ultrasound is an ideal method for monitoring response of the primary tumour to treatment.
A 10‐year Prospective Study of Hypospadias Repair at Frenchay Hospital
Authors: REES M. J. W. , SINCLAIR S. W. , HILES R. W. , SMITH P. J. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A 10‐year prospective study of 91 cases of hypospadias treated in Bristol hospitals is reviewed.By using only 3 basic repairs and a refined technique, which includes the use of magnification and fine instruments, the fistula rate has been markedly reduced in this series compared with that reported in 1976.
The Long‐Term Results of Surgery for Obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: HENDRY W. F. 
Published: November 2008

Summary‐Thirty azoospermic patients with normal testes and normal serum FSH levels had scrotal exploration with photographic record of the appearance of the epididymes and vasography; bilateral epididymovasostomies were done if possible, with vasovasostomies if there were coexisting vasal blocks. Follow‐up studies showed no success when the epididymes were empty (Type 11, when the vasa were absent or malformed (Type 21, or when tubular dilatation was confined to the heads of the epididymes; all of the latter cases had coexisting sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Type 4 —Young's syndrome). Five patients with post‐inflammatory disease had epididymes distended down to their tails (Type 31, and 3 also had vasal blocks. Three achieved sperm counts greater than 1 0 million per ml and impregnated their wives. Ten of 1 6 vasectomy reversals done by a similar side‐to‐side technique were successful.A simple classification of obstructive azoosperrnia is described and it is concluded that in about 50% of cases the underlying cause of failure in sperm transport remains obscure.
Anterior Tran peritoneal Approach for Stone Removal in Horseshoe Kidneys (its Advantage for Bilateral Stones)
Authors: PROCA E. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—The anterior transperitoneal approach for removal of stone from a horseshoe kidney is described. The valuable advantages inherent in this technique have been shown in 1 3 patients, 7 with unilateral calculus and 6 with bilateral calculi, and all with horseshoe kidneys.No urinary leak occurred and the post‐operative course was uneventful. The operative field is extensive and a good exposure of both sides of the horseshoe kidney can be obtained, enabling bilateral pyelolithotomy or other conservative renal procedures to be performed.
Genesis of Papillary Tumours: Histological and Microangiographic Study
Authors: Sarma K. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary —The technique developed to study the microangiography of healthy bladders has been applied to study the known vagaries of papillary tumours, their associated changes and their genesis.Epithelial hyperplasia (reactive hyperplasia), which develops as a form of mucosal self‐defence, is a general, non‐specific tissue response to an adverse environment. The conversion of reactive hyperplasia into reactive autonomy represents the neoplastic process. The growth of abnormal arteries precedes the development of tumours. A papillary tumour results from a symbiotic growth relationship between such an abnormal artery and the overlying normal or hyperplastic epithelium. All known vagaries of papillary tumours have been studied.
The Use of Cooled Irrigating Fluid for Transurethral Prostatic Resection
Authors: Kulatilake A. E. , Roberts P. N. , Evans D. F. , Wright J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary —Forty patients selected for transurethral prostatic resection (TUR) were randomly allocated to one of 2 groups. Irrigating fluid used in the first group of 20 patients was cooled to a constant 8°C; in the second group fluid at ambient temperature was used. Measurements were made of the volume of irrigating fluid used and haemoglobin loss during and after operation; the weight of resected tissue and its histological appearance were also studied. The core temperature of each patient was monitored throughout the operation.Significantly less irrigating fluid was used in the group receiving cooled fluid. Although per‐operative and post‐operative haemoglobin loss was also markedly reduced in this group, the difference failed to achieve statistical significance. The clarity of the operative field was considerably improved by the use of cooled fluid.
Unheralded Urinary Tract Infection in the Male A Clinical and Urodynamic Assessment
Authors: Booth C. M. , Whiteside C. G. , Milroy E. J. G. , Turner‐Warwick R. T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—Fifty adult males presenting with unheralded single or recurrent urinary tract infections, but without prior urinary symptoms or disorders, were investigated by appropriate urodynamic techniques. Pressure/flow videocystography revealed significant underlying lower urinary tract abnormalities in 40 cases (80%) compared with only 11 (22%) whose abnormalities were also demonstrated by standard intravenous urography or endoscopy.We suggest that videocystography is the most efficient diagnostic procedure for these cases in a specialist unit but recommend the intravenous urodynamogram as a simpler screening test for general use.
An Evaluation of the HCG Stimulation Test in the Investigation of Male Infertility
Authors: Traub A. I. 
Published: November 2008

Surnmary —Of 159 patients being investigated at the infertility clinic during 1978, 31 agreed to undergo the human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) stimulation test. Twenty‐one of these patients exhibited varying degrees of oligozoospermia and their response to HCG, measured by a rise in serum testosterone, was not significantly different from that of the remaining patients who had normal sperm counts.Endocrine function of the testes appears to be unaltered even in patients with severely impaired tubular function. It is concluded that assessment of Leydig cell function is of no value in the routine investigation of male fertility.