bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural stability and proton beam irradiation effects on simulated metal fluoride waste–loaded iron phosphate glass
Authors: Joshi Akhilesh C. , Roy Mainak , Dutta Dimple P. , Mishra Raman K. , Meena Sher Singh , Kumar Ravi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNext‐generation nuclear reactor technologies such as the molten salt reactor utilize alkali metal fluoride salts as both fuel and coolant. In the present study, the suitability of iron phosphate glass (IPG) as a vitrification matrix for alkali metal fluoride (NaF, CaF2) and simulated fission product loaded fluoride (NdF3, CeF3, SmF3) waste has been explored. The structural change in the metal fluoride–loaded IPG has been analyzed thoroughly using Raman and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermal analysis showed that the stability and glass forming ability of IPG improved upon loading the same with various mixed metal fluorides. Mössbauer data and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at Fe K‐edge explored the minute changes in the local structure. The effect of radiation emanating from radioactive wastes in the fluoride‐loaded IPG has been scrutinized via 4.5 MeV proton beam irradiation. Our study firmly establishes the applicability of IPG as suitable vitrification matrix for radioactive metal fluoride–loaded nuclear wastes.
Novel 532‐nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser for the treatment of melasma and rejuvenation: a prospective, randomized controlled comparison with 1,064‐nm Q‐switched Nd: YAG laser
Authors: Wu Wenjie , Su Qianya , Zhang Yuezhu , Du Yaxin , Hu Yakun , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a common pigmentary and photoaging disorder. Although various treatments, including 1,064‐nm Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS‐Nd: YAG) laser toning, are available for melasma, results are often unsatisfactory.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of 532‐nm QS‐Nd: YAG laser (shortwave toning) in patients with melasma and facial rejuvenation.MethodsFifty‐two patients were recruited to receive either 1,064‐nm QS‐Nd: YAG laser or 532‐nm QS‐Nd: YAG laser every 2 weeks for 8 sessions and a 2‐month follow‐up visit in a randomized controlled double‐blinded study. The primary outcome measure was the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score. Dermoscope and high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) were used to assess the improvement of melasma and photoaging.Results532‐nm QS‐Nd: YAG laser achieved significantly higher improvement in the MASI score (P = 0.000). The Dermoscopic melasma score (DMS) displayed significant change and confirmed the improvement. HFUS showed a significant decrease in the thickness of the subepidermal low‐echogenic band (SLEB) and increases in dermal thickness and dermal density in both groups (P = 0.000 for all). The rate of very satisfied responses was significantly higher in the 532‐nm laser group (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the visual analog scale pain assessment score (P = 0.248) and recurrence rate (P = 0.734) between the two groups.Conclusion532‐nm QS‐Nd: YAG laser (shortwave toning) proved to be an effective and safe treatment for melasma and rejuvenation. Shortwave toning was significantly better for pigmentation clearance, while 1,064‐nm laser showed better improvement in skin rejuvenation.
Examining the benefits of extended patch test series in children: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Andre Nicolas , Usher Alisa , Ofri Mai , Kilimnik Vitali , Horev Amir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe growing presence of allergens in materials and scarce data on allergic contact dermatitis in children has increased our need to refine its diagnosis in this population. We aimed to analyze children's specific responsivity to highly reactive subcomponents of Fragrance mix I, Fragrance mix II, and Textile dye mix from the European baseline series.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patch test records of children aged 2 to 18 who underwent patch testing with the European baseline series between 2014 and 2022 in Israel.ResultsA total of 367 children were included in the study. In all, 160 children had positive results; 43 patients reacted to one of the mixes, and 20 performed further testing. Eleven of them completed the extended series at the exact same times as the regular European series, which benefited children. Farnesol was the most reactive compound (30.8%).ConclusionsPerforming the extended European series provides a more accurate and time‐efficient allergic contact dermatitis diagnosis. Farnesol reactivity appears prominent in children and may justify tighter product regulations.
Leaving no one behind: A case for inclusive social protection for displaced children
Authors: Kukrety Nupur , Knoppik Daniela 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) outlines the rights for every child, including the right to benefit from social security and the right to a standard of living adequate for their physical, mental, spiritual, moral, and social development. The UNCRC is the most widely ratified human rights treaty to date. However, millions of children continue to be denied their rights and face poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion, merely because they are displaced – internally or across borders. Children bear the heaviest burden of displacement, despite not being responsible for its triggers. This reality underlines that a significant population is being “left behind”, threatening progress to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals as part of international efforts to end poverty and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity. This article advocates for inclusive social protection systems for displaced children by highlighting the difficulties they encounter, emphasizing the potential benefits of social protection, and assessing the current status of inclusive social protection for this vulnerable group. Drawing on emerging lessons from UNICEF’s experience across several refugee and internal displacement contexts, such as Brazil, Ethiopia, Slovakia, and Türkiye, the article also offers recommendations to strengthen inclusive social protection systems specifically tailored to meet the humanitarian and development needs of displaced children.
Dielectric and mechanical properties of porous Si3N4–Kovar composites prepared by low‐temperature oxidation sintering
Authors: Lin Hong , Xia Zihang , Cao Liangliang , Lin Huixing , Li Hongtao , Meng Fancheng , Peng Haiyi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the impact of the Kovar glass content on the mechanical and electrical properties of Si3N4–Kovar composites sintering at air atmosphere. To achieve this, Si3N4–Kovar composites were prepared using molding technology with the Kovar glass powder ranging from 20 to 70 wt%. The phase composition, morphology, bulk density, apparent porosity, flexural strength at room temperature, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of the composites were all examined in relation to changing the Kovar glass content. During the sintering process, the α‐quartz on the surface of Si3N4 particles acted as the crystal nucleus, inducing the crystallization of the glass at the wetting position that the Kovar glass and the surface of the Si3N4 particles. A small amount of the β‐quartz phase was crystallized at 750–850°C, followed by a large amount of the β‐quartz phase crystallizing above 900°C. Additionally, some β‐quartz phase transformed into the metastable β‐cristobalite phase that could exist below 1470°C. During the cooling process, the β‐cristobalite phase transformed into a low‐temperature α‐cristobalite phase, while the β‐quartz phase transformed into a low‐temperature α‐quartz phase. The results indicate that the Si3N4–Kovar glass composite with 60 wt% the Kovar glass content sintered at 900°C exhibits higher density (1.88 g/cm3), lower porosity (25.4%), higher flexural strength (55.34 MPa), lower dielectric constant (3.46), and lower dielectric loss (4.26 × 10−3).
The Allocation of Refugees to Host States: Should Refugees' Interests and Preferences be Considered?
Authors: Hoesch Matthias , Mantel Susanne 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTWhen states cooperate in refugee protection and implement a scheme with fixed rules allocating refugees to host states, should they consider refugees' interests and preferences regarding where they receive protection? This article briefly examines the kinds of preferences and interests that are relevant to both refugees and states before discussing the moral principles determining the respective weight that should be attributed to them. We conclude that states must adhere to some minimal constraints concerning the consideration of refugees' concerns, and should promote some further moral goals that go beyond these constraints. Finally, we suggest a scheme that meets all the moral demands we argued for and seems feasible without posing serious threats to the destination states.
Tooth loss during supportive periodontal care: A prospective study
Authors: Hasan Fatemah , Magan‐Fernandez Antonio , Akcalı Aliye , Sun Chuanming , Donos Nikos , Nibali Luigi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo assess periodontal stability and the association between tooth‐ and patient‐related factors and tooth loss during supportive periodontal care (SPC).Materials and MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out on previously treated periodontitis patients followed up for 5 years in SPC. The risk profile (low, moderate, high) of each patient based on periodontal risk assessment (PRA) scoring at baseline was evaluated, and tooth loss rates were analysed.ResultsTwo hundred patients were included in the study, and 143 had 5‐year follow‐up data available for analysis. The overall annual tooth loss per patient was 0.07 ± 0.14 teeth/patient/year. Older age, smoking, staging and grading were associated with increased tooth loss rates. Most patients whose teeth were extracted belonged to the PRA high‐risk group. Both PRA and a tooth prognosis system used at baseline showed high negative predictive value but low positive predictive value for tooth loss during SPC.ConclusionsOverall, the tooth loss rate of periodontitis patients in this prospective cohort study under SPC in private practice was low. Both tooth‐based and patient‐based prognostic systems can identify high‐risk cases, but their positive predictive value should be improved.
Polysensitization in the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry (REIDAC): A 2019–2022 prospective study with cluster and network analysis
Authors: Pesqué David , Borrego Leopoldo , Zaragoza‐Ninet Violeta , Sanz‐Sánchez Tatiana , Miquel‐Miquel Francisco Javier , González‐Pérez Ricardo , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Córdoba‐Guijarro Susana , Carrascosa José Manuel , Gatica‐Ortega María Elena , Ruiz‐González Inmaculada , Mercader‐García Pedro , Tous‐Romero Fátima , Ortiz de Frutos Francisco Javier , Serra‐Baldrich Esther , Pastor‐Nieto María Antonia , Rodríguez‐Serna Mercedes , Sánchez‐Pérez Javier , Sánchez‐Gilo Araceli , Melé‐Ninot Gemma , Sánchez‐Pedreño Guillén Paloma , Pujol Ramon Maria , Giménez‐Arnau Ana María 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is still limited clinical‐practice data on specific clinical and patch test features, as well as on allergen clusters in polysensitization (PS).ObjectivesTo determine the frequency, relevance, symptoms duration and risk factors in polysensitized patients and to assess possible allergen aggregation.MethodsProspective multicentric study (January 2019–December 2022) conducted in setting of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Register (REIDAC). Clinical and patch test data of polysensitized and oligosensitized patients were compared, and risk factors of PS were investigated with logistic multivariate regression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and network analysis were used to study allergen aggregation in PS.ResultsA total of 10,176 patients were analysed. PS was found in 844 (8.3%). Current relevance was significantly higher in polysensitized patients (p < 0.01). Risk factors for PS were atopic dermatitis (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.24–2.02), age (≥60 years vs. ≤24 years, OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.25–2.44) and some special locations (legs vs. face OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.05–2.25, hands vs. face OR: 1.46, 95% CI:1.15–1.85, arms vs. face OR: 1.49, 95% CI:1.01–2.20, trunk vs. face OR: 1.40, 95% CI:1.06–1.85). Cluster and network analyses revealed specific‐allergen clusters and significant associations, including allergens belonging to metals group, fragrances and botanicals group, topical drugs group, rubber allergens and biocides.ConclusionsThis study confirms that PS is structured by discernible patterns of specific‐allergen clusters and reinforces significant allergen associations in PS. Cross‐reactivity and/or concomitant sensitization could explain the formation of allergen clusters in PS.
Automated first floor height estimation for flood vulnerability analysis using deep learning and Google Street View
Authors: Sorboni Nafiseh Ghasemian , Wang Jinfei , Najafi Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlood events can cause extensive damage to physical infrastructure, pose risks to human life, and necessitate the reoccupation and rehabilitation of affected areas. A key parameter for flood vulnerability assessment is the first floor height (FFH), which also plays an important role in setting insurance premiums. Traditional methods for FFH estimation rely on ground surveys and site inspections, yet these approaches are both time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. In this study, we propose an alternative approach based on measurements derived from Google Street View (GSV) images and Deep Learning (DL). We employ the YOLOv5s algorithm, which belongs to a family of compound‐scaled object detection models trained on the COCO dataset, for the detection of crucial building elements such as the Front Door (FD), stairs, and overall building extent. Additionally, we utilized the YOLOv5s algorithm to identify basement windows and assess the existence of basements. To validate our methodology, we conducted tests in both the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the state of Virginia in the United States. The results demonstrate an achievement of RMSE and Bias values of 81 cm and −50 cm for GTA, and 95 cm and −20 cm for the Virginia region, respectively.
Associations of light exposure patterns with sleep among Dutch children: The ABCD cohort study
Authors: Stefanopoulou Magdalini , Ruhé Naomi , Portengen Lützen , van Wel Luuk , Vrijkotte Tanja G. M. , Vermeulen Roel , Huss Anke 
Published: February 2024

SummaryLight exposure affects the circadian system and consequently can affect sleep quality. Only few studies examined this relationship in children. We evaluated associations between light exposure patterns and sleep metrics in children. We measured the sleep parameters of 247 Dutch children, aged between 11 and 13 years and recruited from the ABCD cohort, using actigraphy and sleep records for 7 consecutive nights. Personal light exposures were measured with a light meter during the whole day and night. We applied generalized mixed‐effects regression models, adjusted for possible confounders, to evaluate the associations of light exposure patterns on sleep duration, sleep efficiency and sleep‐onset delay. In the models mutually adjusted for potential confounders, we found the amount of hours between the first time of bright light in the morning and going to sleep and the duration of bright light to be significantly associated with decreased sleep duration (in min; β: −2.02 [95% confidence interval: −3.84, −0.25], β: −8.39 [95% confidence interval: −16.70, −0.07], respectively) and with shorter sleep‐onset delay (odds ratio: 0.88 [95% confidence interval: 0.80, 0.97], odds ratio: 0.40 [95% confidence interval: 0.19, 0.87], respectively). Increased light intensities at night were associated with decreased sleep duration (T2 β: −8.54 [95% confidence interval: −16.88, −0.20], T3 β: −14.83 [95% confidence interval: −28.04, −1.62]), while increased light intensities before going to bed were associated with prolonged sleep onset (odds ratio: 4.02 [95% confidence interval: 2.09, 7.73]). These findings further suggest that children may be able to influence their sleep quality by influencing the light exposure patterns during day and night.
Comparison of power spectra from overnight electroencephalography between patients with Down syndrome and matched control subjects
Authors: Talukder Amlan , Yeung Deryck , Li Yuanyuan , Anandanadarajah Nishanth , Umbach David M. , Fan Zheng , Li Leping 
Published: February 2024

SummaryElectroencephalograms can capture brain oscillatory activities during sleep as a form of electrophysiological signals. We analysed electroencephalogram recordings from full‐night in‐laboratory polysomnography from 100 patients with Down syndrome, and 100 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The ages of patients with Down syndrome spanned 1 month to 31 years (median 4.4 years); 84 were younger than 12 years, and 54 were male. From each electroencephalogram, we extracted relative power in six frequency bands or rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, slow sigma, fast sigma, and beta) from six channels (frontal F3 and F4, central C3 and C4, and occipital O1 and O2) during five sleep stages (N3, N2, N1, R and W)—180 features in all. We examined differences in relative power between Down syndrome and control electroencephalograms for each feature separately. During wake and N1 sleep stages, alpha rhythms (8.0–10.5 Hz) had significantly lower power in patients with Down syndrome than controls. Moreover, the rate of increase in alpha power with age during rapid eye movement sleep was significantly slower in Down syndrome than control subjects. During wake and N1 sleep, delta rhythms (0.25–4.5 Hz) had higher power in patients with Down syndrome than controls. During N2 sleep, slow sigma rhythms (10.5–12.5 Hz) had lower power in patients with DS than controls. These findings extend previous research from routine electroencephalogram studies demonstrating that patients with Down syndrome had reduced circadian amplitude—the difference between wake alpha power and deep sleep delta power was smaller in Down syndrome than control subjects. We envision that these brain oscillatory activities may be used as surrogate markers for clinical trials for patients with Down syndrome.
Navigating uncertainty: Employee participation dynamics in times of crisis
Authors: Lammers Alexander , Giebel Marek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe flow of information continues to expand exponentially while, at the same time, decision‐making becomes more complex. Employees, organizations, and societies face an increasingly hard challenge in identifying and utilizing information effectively. In the context of a crisis, the need for timely and correct information increases even more to support management decisions. Communication channels such as meetings and staff involvement committees (voluntary or mandatory) are crucial for efficient knowledge flows between employees, management, and within divisions. However, less is known about their pattern of creation at different stages of a crisis. This empirical study investigates the relevance of the Financial Crisis for the introduction and dissolution of staff involvement committees. Using the German IAB Establishment Panel, we use a conditional difference‐in‐differences framework and provide empirical evidence of whether employers initiated or abolished staff involvement committees in different stages of the recession. Our findings reveal that negatively affected establishments are more likely to introduce communication channels, especially during the crisis.
Prediction of high visceral adipose tissue for sex‐specific community residents in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu‐Hsuan , Chang Chin‐Sung , Liu Chieh‐Yu , Chang Yin‐Fan , Shun Shiow‐Ching 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVisceral adipose tissue accumulation is strongly linked with numerous chronic diseases; however, the accessibility for visceral adipose tissue measurement is limited. This study employed a cross‐sectional design to determine the optimal strongest predictor of high visceral adipose tissue in each sex and identified the optimal cutoff value thereof. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 94 men and 326 women aged ≥40 years in southern Taiwan. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to explore the optimal predictor of high visceral adipose tissue (defined as ≥135 cm2 for men and ≥100 cm2 for women) in each sex. The waist‐to‐hip ratio was the strongest predictor for men, with a cutoff value of 0.96 yielding the maximum sensitivity (94.29%) and specificity (93.22%). By contrast, body mass index was the strongest predictor for women, with a cutoff value of 25.45 kg/m2 yielding the maximum sensitivity (87.18%) and specificity (87.55%). The results may serve as a reference for health policy‐makers in screening for high visceral adipose tissue to identify individuals at high risk of developing chronic diseases for health promotion.
How can strategies based on performance measurement and feedback support changes in nursing practice? A theoretical reflection drawing on Habermas' social perspective
Authors: Dufour Emilie , Duhoux Arnaud 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStrategies based on performance measurement and feedback are commonly used to support quality improvement among nurses. These strategies require practice change, which, for nurses, rely to a large extent on their capacity to coordinate with each other effectively. However, the levers for coordinated action are difficult to mobilize. This discussion paper offers a theoretical reflection on the challenges related to coordinating nurses' actions in the context of practice changes initiated by performance measurement and feedback strategies. We explore how Jürgen Habermas' theory of Communicative Action may shed light on the issues underlying nurses' collective actions and self‐determination in practice change and the implications for the design of strategies based on performance measurement and feedback. Based on this theory, we propose differences between communicative and functional coordination according to the nature of the actions and the purposes involved. The domains of action underlying these coordination processes, which Habermas referred to as the lifeworld and the system, are then used to draw a parallel with aspects of nursing practice. Further exploration of these concepts allows us to consider the tensions between the demands of the system and the self‐determination of nurses within their practice.
Role of intraoperative tumour spillage in prognostic outcome of pleomorphic adenoma: A systematic review
Authors: Agrawal Mansi , Mehta Vini , Sengupta Namrata , Sarode Sachin , Singh Shruti , Anand Rahul , Sarode Gargi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm of salivary gland origin. The exact cause of PA recurrence is ambiguous. Incomplete surgical excision and violation or accidental rupture of tumour capsule are the widely accepted causes.AimTo study intraoperative tumour spillage‐associated recurrence and prognosis in cases of PA of the parotid gland.Materials and MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to include case series and observational studies discussing about intraoperative tumour spillage and recurrence in PA of the parotid gland. Quality assessment for the included studies cases was performed based on Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.ResultsA total of 27 studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies reported about cases of intraoperative tumour spillage in PA of the parotid gland. Overall, 12 studies specifically mentioned about the relation of tumour spillage with tumour recurrence. A total of 3 studies observed the association between the mode of treatment and tumour spillage and recurrence.ConclusionIntraoperative tumour spillage is a major factor responsible for PA recurrence. A comprehensive knowledge of the recurrence risk factors is of utmost importance. The results of this systematic review aim to make clinicians and surgeons aware that the capsular status of PA is a principal aspect to be taken care of.