bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light chain isotype‐associated suppression of normal plasma cell numbers in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Leonard R. C. F. , MacLennan I. C. M. , Smart Y. , Vanhegan R. I. , Cuzick J. ,   In conjuction with the Medical Rsearch Council's Working Party for Leukaemia in Adults and The Oxford Lymphoma Group
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe number of plasma cells in the lamina propria of the gut has been assessed in patients with multiple myeloma and other B‐cell neoplasms. The total number of these plasma cells was reduced in most patients with myelomatosis and one‐third of patients with lymphoplasmacytoid tumours. This reduction was not, however, seen in patients with other neoplasms of B‐cell origin, although hypogamma‐globulinaemia was common to all groups of patients. The depletion of gut plasma cell numbers was not uniform in myelomatosis patients. They showed selective loss of plasma cells with the same light chain isotype as that produced by the neoplastic clone.
Effect of anti‐mouse type‐1 interferon globulin on the evolution of moloney sarcoma virus induced disease in mice
Authors: Inglot Anna D. , Inglot Olga , Zóltowska Albina , Oleszak Emilia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prolonged administration of potent sheep anti‐mouse type‐1 interferon globulin (anti‐IF IgG) had a marked potentiating effect on Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) infection in mice. The extent of resistance to the MSV‐induced disease was age‐related. In 4‐week‐old BALB/c mice, anti‐IF IgG consistently induced 70–80% mortality due to the progression of early or late tumours and erythro‐leukaemia, whereas mortality of control mice was significantly lower. The same effect was obtained in 1‐year‐old BALB/c mice. However, in 4‐week‐old C57BL/6 or 6‐week‐old BALB/c mice, anti‐IF IgG enhanced only the growth of early tumours but had no effect on their regression. Antigenic stimulation with normal sheep globulin suppressed the growth of early tumours in suckling BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice and enhanced the evolution of late MSV‐induced disease in older mice.
Binding of anti‐tumor immunoglobulins and their daunomycin conjugates to the tumor and its metastases. In vitro and in vivo studies with lewis lung carcinoma
Authors: Hurwitz Esther , Schechter Bilha , Arnon Ruth , Sela Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the possibility of using anti‐tumor anti‐bodies as specific carriers of chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor metastases. Xenogeneic and syngeneic antisera were prepared against a metastasizing C57BL tumor, the Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). The binding of absorbed xenogeneic and syngeneic anti‐3LL sera or their Ig fractions to 3LL tumor cells was assayed by direct and indirect methods. Antisera prepared against tumor cells from a local growth reacted to a similar extent with cells obtained from the local tumor and with those obtained from the lung metastases. Radioiodinated immunoglobulins from syngeneic antisera injected into mice bearing metastases localized preferentially in metastasis‐bearing lungs as compared to several other organs tested. No such preferential uptake was observed either in mice bearing metastases injected with iodinated normal Ig or in normal mice injected with iodinated anti‐3LL Ig. This relative accumulation in the metastasis‐bearing lungs was observed 3–4 days after the inoculation, when the whole Ig fraction was used, whereas a specific antibody‐enriched preparation localized as early as 24 h after injection. Daunomycin—anti‐3LL‐Ig conjugates were effective inhibitors of tumor cells from both local and the metastatic growths. They were more active than either the free drug or drug conjugates of normal Ig, in in vitro assays.
Malignant behaviour of three adenovirus‐2‐transformed brain cell lines and their methyl cellulose‐selected sub‐clones
Authors: Gallimore Phillip H. , McDougall James K. , Chen Lan Bo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree adenovirus‐2‐transformed rat embryo brain cell lines and their methylcellulose‐selected subclones were examined for fibronectin expression, anchorage‐independent growth, saturation density, T antigen expression and morphology. Tumorigenicity studies were carried out on newborn and ATS immunosuppressed syngeneic rats and congenitally athymic nude mice. With one exception the methyl‐cellulose sub‐clones contained significantly fewer fibronectin‐positive cells than the parent lines; a number of sub‐clones contained no fibronectin‐positive cells. Methylcellulose selection did not always alter cell morphology, saturation density or anchorage‐independent growth as compared with parent lines. However, the methylcellulose sub‐clones were considerably more malignant than the parent cell lines as measured by invasion and metastasis in nude mice. No in vitro characteristic correlated with malignant behaviour.
Analysis of chromosomal proteins of fractionated chromatin from rat liver and transplantable hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Rodriguez Lewis V. , Klein Kenneth K. , Amoruso Marie , Becker Frederick F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chromosomal proteins from a number of transplantable hepatocellular carcinomas (THC) induced by a single carcinogen or its derivatives and varying greatly in their growth rates were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Before extraction and analysis of proteins, chromatin from hepatomas, as well as from normal and regenerating liver was fractionated into rapidly and slowly sedimenting gradient components. Ten non‐histone chromosomal proteins (NHCP) present in the tumors and ranging in molecular weight from 220,000 to 55,000, were absent from normal liver. Further, each rapidly growing tumor possessed more non‐histone protein bands in the most rapidly sedimenting chromatin fractions than did corresponding, slowly growing tumor fractions. A number of single protein occurrences common only to normal liver and/or rapidly or slowly growing tumors were also found. In contrast, NHCP banding patterns of rapidly growing 70% hepatectomized rat liver were identical to those of non‐dividing liver. Of particular interest was the finding that the prototypic “minimal deviation tumor” 9618A varied more in its NHCP‐banding pattern when compared to liver than did those tumors which were rapidly growing and poorly differentiated. These studies represent an initial attempt at seeking NHCP which might be uniquely related to the malignant process.
The localization of Hodgkin's disease in lymph nodes. A study with immunohistological, enzyme histochemical and rosetting techniques on frozen sections
Authors: Poppema S. , Elema J. D. , Halie M. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphoid tissue of 51 patients with Hodgkin's disease was studied with immunohistological, enzyme histochemical and rosetting techniques for the detection of B and T cells in frozen sections. In lymph nodes of patients with lymphocyte predominance type of Hodgkin's disease, the majority of the lymphocytes in the involved areas were normal B lymphocytes of polyclonal origin. This was also true for nodular sclerosis cases with a predominance of lymphocytes. Surrounding Sternberg‐Reed cells small clusters of T lymphocytes could be demonstrated. In mixed cellularity and also in nodular sclerosis with a mixed cellular pattern only small residual areas of B lymphocytes were presènt, whereas relatively large numbers of T lymphocytes were found in the involved areas. In lymphocyte depletion B lymphocytes were scarce and T lymphocytes were present in small number. It is concluded that different patterns of lymphocyte population can be discerned in the subtypes of Hodgkin's disease. A predominance of B lymphocytes is found in cases with lymphocyte predominance and thus is a prognostic favourable sign. A predominance of T lymphocytes as found in cases with a mixed cellular pattern with or without nodular sclerosis is therefore not a favourable sign in general but may indicate progressive disease. The possible reasons for the presence of large numbers of B or T lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue affected by Hodgkin's disease are discussed.
Breast cancer in black American women
Authors: Austin Harland , Cole Philip , Wynder Ernst 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study of breast cancer among Black American women was conducted in seven hospitals in New York City from 1969 to 1975. Results are reported for 127 cases and 317 controls. Compared to women with a first birth before age 19, those with a first birth after 25 had a relative incidence rate for breast cancer of 3.8 and 2.2 for the pre‐ and postmenopausal age‐groups, respectively. Compared to nulliparous women, parous women had a relative incidence rate of 0.6 for premenopausal and 0.7 for postmenopausal women. The incidence rate of breast cancer for women with a menopause after age 49 was estimated to be 3.1 times that of women with a menopause before age 45. Thus, the known risk factors for breast cancer among Whites are also related to the etiology of the disease among Blacks. The incidence rate of breast cancer has increased among younger Blacks since 1947 and is now similar to that among younger Whites. However, among older women, the incidence rate is still appreciably higher for Whites. The most likely explanation of this pattern is that Black women born since about 1925 are being exposed at the same frequency as White women to the causes of breast cancer.
Humoral and cellular immunity to paternal antigens in trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Shaw A. R. E. , Dasgupta M. K. , Kovithavongs T. , Johny K. V. , Leriche J. C. , Dossetor J. B. , McPherson T. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was employed to detect and characterize an unusually high‐titered antibody to a paternal HLA antigen in a patient with gestational choriocarcinoma. Choriocarcinoma is a trophoblastic neoplasm of embryonic origin, and therefore genetically competent to express paternal histocompatibility antigens. However, normal human trophoblast is reported to lack HLA antigens. The demonstration of a high‐titre antibody to a paternal antigen is of interest for two reasons: it suggests that HLA antigens develop in trophoblast as a consequence of malignancy, and might therefore constitute a marker for neoplasia. Secondly, it indicates that a highly immunogenic antigen of tumor origin is provoking a humoral response, but that the disease is progressing in the face of such immunity. The antibody is distinguishable from that provoked by normal pregnancy in three ways. It is of exceedingly high titre (> 1:32,000 against paternal lymphoblast targets); it is monospecific for the paternal HLA B locus antigen 12; and it demonstrates a pronounced prozone indicative of the presence of immune complexes (ICs). Post‐partum sera from multiparous women frequently contain HLA antibodies demonstrable in ADCC. However, titres are comparatively low, the antibodies are not monospecific, but recognize HLA and other (Ia) antigens, and they do not show a marked prozone, or the presence of immune complexes. ICs were indeed demonstrable at a concentration of >25 μg/ml (aggregated human gamma globulin equivalents) by a modified Raji cell technique. Histological examination of the uterine tumor following hysterectomy revealed a high degree of mononuclear cell infiltration, suggestive of cell‐mediated immunity. The patient was quite capable of generating cytotoxic T‐cells to paternal lymphocytes on challenge in mixed lymphocyte culture, indicating that no general anergy or suppressor function was present. The possibility that suppression might be limited to the single B locus specificity sensitizing the patient's humoral response was not investigated. Since immune complexes interfere with both ADCC cytotoxicity and T‐cell cytotoxicity it is suggested that they might contribute to the lack of resistance to a demonstrably immunogenic allograft.
Anti‐tumor potential of retinoic acid: Stimulation of immune mediated effectors
Authors: Patek Paul Q. , Collins John Leslie , Yogeeswaran Ganesa , Dennert Gunther 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData are presented on the effects of retinoic acid (RA) treatment on the in vivo growth of tumors in two mouse strains. Inhibition of tumor growth as a result of systemic RA injection was observed in three out of seven tumor models. Using adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated and fetal liver (A × TFL) reconstituted mice, we found that inhibition of tumor growth is not due to direct toxic effects of RA but rather appears to be the result of stimulation of thymus‐dependent immune‐mediated effectors able to suppress tumor growth. Results suggest that only strongly immunogenic tumors are sensitive to in vivo retinoid inhibition.
Suppression of T cell‐mediated immunity by tumor cells: Immunogenicity versus immunosuppression and preliminary characterization of the suppressive factors
Authors: Ting Chou‐Chik , Rodrigues Dennis , Ting Robert C. , Wivel Nelson , Collins Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn studying the immunogenicity of spleen cells and tumor cells in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) or mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) reactions, we have found that the tumor cells not only appear to be poorly immunogenic, but are also immunosuppressive. This was shown by the ability of the tumor cells or their cell‐free extracts to suppress standard MLC reactions. This suppression was acting mainly at the induction phase of the cytotoxic response. It could not interfere with the killing activity of the fully generated CTLs. In a Friend virus‐induced leukemia FBL‐3 system, at least two major components could be attributed to the cause of immunosuppression; one was of viral origin and the other was of non‐viral origin. The viral component was sensitive to UV‐irradiation and could be pelleted after ultracentrifugation at 100,000 g. The non‐viral component was UV‐resistant and was retained in the supernatant fraction after ultracentrifugation. Friend virus and 12 commonly found murine viruses have been excluded as the possible candidates causing the immunosuppression. The immunosuppressive viruses are very likely of endogenous origin and are defective in replication as shown by electromi‐croscopy, and by the virus focus‐inducing and reverse transcriptase assays. These findings indicate that probably all tumor cells possess the immunosuppressive factor(s) which may account for their apparent lack of immunogenicity and the lack of proper immune response in the tumor‐bearing hosts.
Transfer of natural resistance to Marek's disease (JMV) with non‐immune spleen cells. I. Studies of cell population transferring resistance
Authors: Lam Kenneth M. , Linna T. Juhani 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA “natural” resistance to Marek's disease, as well as to the malignancy caused by the laboratory JMV line of Marek's disease, develops with age. Resistance to this malignancy can be transferred from non‐immunized, 8‐week‐old resistant chickens to newly hatched susceptible ones with spleen cells in a B‐locus isogeneic combination. The cell transferring resistance does not seem to belong to the major T‐cell, B‐cell, or macrophage populations, and seems consequently to belong to the functionally heterogenous “third cell” population.
Influence of selective breeding on the incidence of melanomas in sinclair miniature swine
Authors: Hook R. R. , Aultman M. D. , Adelstein E. H. , Oxenhandler R. W. , Millikan L. E. , Middleton C. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of selective breeding on the incidence of cutaneous melanomas was studied in the Sinclair miniature swine melanoma model. Evaluation of the results of a large breeding study that produced 349 live progeny indicated that the incidence of melanomas (54%) was highest in newborn progeny derived from melanoma female × melanoma male (MF × MM) matings. Newborn progeny from normal female × melanoma male (NF × MM) and melanoma female × normal male (MF × NM) matings had incidences of 22% and 21% respectively; normal female × normal male (NF × NM) progeny had an incidence of 2%. Although most of the progeny were black, melanomas were observed in swine of various colors. Tumors occurred at differing cutaneous sites and did not demonstrate a predilection for any particular area of the body. During the first year of life, additional melanomas developed in some animals from all groups of progeny. At 1 year of age, the incidence of melanomas (85%) remained highest in MF × MM progeny. The incidence had increased to 57% and 50% in progeny from NF × MM and MF × NM matings while NF × NM progeny had an incidence of 4%. Although tumors were observed in newborn swine, most of the tumors (75.5%) developed after birth either from flat melanocytic lesions (19.3%) or from skin free of detectable melanocytic lesions (80.7%). An age effect was observed in tumor development; tumor development decreased as the age of the animals increased. These results demonstrate that selective breeding influences the incidence of melanomas in Sinclair swine and provide basic information required for further studies of tumor development, growth and regression in this unique spontaneous tumor system.
In vitro lymphocyte reactivity to soluble tumor extracts in sinclair melanoma swine
Authors: Aultman M. D. , Hook R. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn antigen‐stimulated active rosette assay was adapted as an in vitro assay for the detection of lymphocyte reactivity to soluble tumor extracts. The specificity of this assay was demonstrated with lymphocytes from non‐sensitized swine and swine sensitized to either mammalian tuberculin or DNCB‐bovine serum albumin conjugates (DNCB‐BSA). An increase in active rosette‐forming cells (A‐RFC) occurred only when sensitized lymphocytes were stimulated with specific sensitizing antigen. Lymphocytes from melanoma swine reacted in vitro to 3 M KCl extracts of autologous and allogeneic melanomas but did not react to 3 M KCl extracts of autologous and allogeneic swine skin. Lymphocytes from 33 melanoma swine and 17 normal swine were tested for in vitro reactivity to an allogeneic melanoma extract; 84.8% of the melanoma swine demonstrated lymphocyte reactivity to allogeneic melanoma extract and 23.5% of the normal swine reacted positively to allogeneic melanoma extract. The reactivity of melanoma swine lymphocytes to allogeneic melanoma extract was not due to reactivity of the lymphocytes to normal skin antigens or fetal swine antigens present in melanoma extracts; normal and melanoma swine lymphocytes demonstrated only low in vitro reactivity to 3 M KCl extracts of normal swine skin and fetal swine tissue. Lymphocytes from three melanoma swine increased in A‐RFC after incubation with each of nine allogeneic melanoma extracts, indicating that the ability to stimulate lymphocyte reactivity was not limited to a single allogeneic melanoma extract. The results of this study indicate that a tumor‐related immune response occurs in melanoma swine and that in vitro lymphocyte reactivity is directed towards a tumor‐associated antigen or tumor‐associated antigen‐like substance present in 3 M KCl extracts of swine melanoma.
Sister chromatid exchange in PH1‐positive chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Becher Reinhard , Schmidt Carl G. , Theis Gabriele , Hossfeld Dieter K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in bone‐marrow cells of 12 untreated patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) was analysed and compared with the SCE frequency in bone‐marrow cells of nine healthy persons. In normal persons the SCE ranged from 3.64 to 5.15 per cell. In CML patients the SCE was significantly lower, ranging from 2.32 to 3.44 per cell. The differences found were unrelated to patients' age and contraction state of the chromosomes. It is suggested that the leukemic process could account for the low SCE rate.
Isozyme studies on the association of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene with human chromosomes in somatic cell hybrids
Authors: Kit Saul , Qavi Hamida , Hazen Marion , Dubbs Del Rose 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate chromosomal site(s) of integration of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) thymidine kinase (TK) gene in biochemically transformed [HeLa(BU25)/KOS 8–1] cells, these human cells which had been transformed by ultraviolet light‐irradiated HSV‐1 were fused with TK‐negative mouse LM(TK−) cells, human‐mouse somatic cell hybrid clones (LH81 clones 1–20) were isolated by HATG‐ouabain selection and their chromosomes and isozymes were analyzed. Electrophoretic and serological analyses showed that all 20 clones expressed type‐specific HSV‐1 TK. Isozyme analyses on 29 gene‐enzyme systems representing 22 human chromosomes revealed that all of the HSV‐1 TK‐positive clones expressed human aminoacylase‐1 (ACY‐1) and esterase D (ESD), which have been mapped to human chromosomes 3 and 13, respectively. Other human isozymes were detected in only one to four clones or in none of the clones. Chromosome analyses showed that: (1) the hybrid clones retained only a few human chromosomes; (2) a marker chromosome, designated M7, consisting of a chromosome 17 translocated to the short arm of chromosome 3, occurred in 36 out of the 41 metaphases examined of LH81‐4 clones 1 to 4 and in 31 out of the 33 metaphases examined of LH81–12 clone 10; (3) a modified M7 chromosome, (M7/m), in which the distal 2/3 of the long arm of M7 was translocated to a small acrocentric mouse chromosome, was the only human chromosome found in metaphases of LH81–13 clone 17; and (4) an intact human chromosome 13 was not present in LH81–12 clone 10 or LH81–13 clone 17 cells. Counterselection with BrdUrd resulted in the isolation of subclones lacking HSV‐1 TK, human ACY‐1 and ESD, and the human marker M7 chromosomes. The experiments indicate that the HSV‐1 TK gene is probably associated in HeLa (BU25)/KOS 8–1 cells with marker chromosome M7, but the possibility is not excluded that the segment of human chromosome 13 which codes for ESD is involved.
Metastasis of human tumors in athymic nude mice
Authors: Sharkey Francis E. , Fogh Jørgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of metastasis of xenogeneic tumors transplanted to nude mice is controversial. We studied 106 malignant human tumor lines in a total of 1,045 nude mice, and observed metastasis in only 14 instances (1.3%), involving 11 different tumor lines. Three of the lines showed repeated metastasis. Breast tumor lines metastasized with significantly greater frequency than other tumor types. None of the sarcoma lines metastasized. Tumors derived from human metastases were no more prone to metastasizing in nude mice than were tumors derived from primary sites. However, deep penetration of the body wall during growth of the tumor transplant was highly correlated with metastasis (p<0.001). Such factors as nude mouse health, tumor size and growth rate, and age and sex of the host mouse were not correlated with metastasis. Serial passage in nude mice did not select for a more malignant tumor line, since the incidence of metastasis did not differ at various passage levels. Thus, metastasis of human malignant tumors in nude mice would appear to depend primarily upon the site of tumor growth in the nude mouse, and upon the intrinsic metastasizing capability of the tumor line employed.
14q translocations, having a break point at 14q13, in lymphoid malignancy
Authors: Fukuhara Shirou , Ueshima Yoshimi , Shirakawa Shigeru , Uchino Haruto , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn three patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphomas and in one cell line (HPL‐Hod) derived from pleural effusion cells of a patient with Hodgkin's disease, rearrangements of the long arm of chromosome No. 14(14q) were observed. These rearrangements appeared to be consistently associated with a 14q translocation, suggestive of occurrence of a break at 14q13. The translocation in an individual case could occur with 1p, 2q, 4q, and another 14q. A 14q13 translocation may be comparable with a 14q32 translocation, which has often been observed in various types of lymphoid malignancy.