bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Additional Adhesive Application on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems
Authors: Silva A. L. F. , Lima D. A. N. L. , Souza G. M. D. , Santos C. T. D. , Paulillo L. A. M. S. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Applying an additional layer of solvent-free adhesive systems increased adhesive thickness and did not affect bond strength. This thicker adhesive layer may help to preserve the integrity of the restoration by acting as a stress-absorbing layer.
Buonocore Memorial Lecture
Authors: Nör J. E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFor many years, operative dentistry has been using regenerative approaches to treat dental disease. The use of calcium hydroxide to stimulate reparative or reactionary dentin is clearly an example of such a therapeutic strategy. The advent of tissue engineering is allowing dentistry to move forward in the use of regeneration as an underlying principle for the treatment of dental disease. Tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary science that brings together biology, engineering and clinical sciences with developing new tissues and organs. It is based on fundamental principles that involve the identification of appropriate cells, the development of conducive scaffolds and an understanding of the morphogenic signals required to induce cells to regenerate the tissues that were lost. This review is focused on the presentation and discussion of existing literature that covers the engineering of enamel, dentin and pulp, as well on the engineering of entire teeth. There are clearly major roadblocks to overcome before such strategies move to the clinic and are used regularly to treat patients. However, existing evidence strongly suggests that the engineering of new dental structures to replace tissues lost during the process of caries or trauma will have a place in the future of operative dentistry.
Effect of Various Surface Treatments on the Microleakage and Ultrastructure of Resin-tooth Interface
Authors: Nagpal R. , Tewari S. , Gupta R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevanceUnder both moist and dry conditions, the application of sodium ascorbate on sodium hypochlorite-treated acid-etched dentin reduced microleakage and improved tubular penetration.
The Influence of C-factor, Flexural Modulus and Viscous Flow on Gap Formation in Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: da Silva E. Moreira , dos Santos G. O. , Guimarães J. G. A. , Barcellos A. A. L. , Sampaio E. M. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Resin composites with high viscous flow and low flexural modulus may reduce gap formation in resin composite restorations.
In Vitro Evaluation of Tooth-color Change Using Four Paint-on Tooth Whiteners
Authors: Kishta-Derani M. , Neiva G. , Yaman P. , Dennison D. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The results of this study indicate that Crest Night Effects and Colgate Simply White Night achieve a statistically significant mean number of visual shade changes and mean ΔE*ab Colorimeter readings.
Bond Strengths of Two Adhesive Systems to Dentin Contaminated with a Hemostatic Agent
Authors: Kuphasuk W. , Harnirattisai C. , Senawongse P. , Tagami J. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
A self-etching adhesive exhibited significantly lower bond strength to dentin contaminated with 25% aluminum chloride solution compared to normal dentin, but a total-etching adhesive exhibited no difference in bond strength to either contaminated or normal dentin. Longer primer application of the self-etching adhesive significantly increased the dentin bond strength of the contaminated group.
Color Stability and Degree of Cure of Direct Composite Restoratives After Accelerated Aging
Authors: Sarafianou A. , Iosifidou S. , Papadopoulos T. , Eliades G. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Accelerated hydrothermal- and photo-aging of direct light-cured composite restorative materials induced visually perceptible but clinically acceptable total color changes, along with a reduction in the amount of remaining C=C bonds.
The Effect of Light Curing Source on the Residual Yellowing of Resin Composites
Authors: Brackett M. G. , Brackett W. W. , Browning W. D. , Rueggeberg F. A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
The selection of light curing unit (quartz-tungsten-halogen or blue light-emitting diode), composite classification and shade have an influence on the amount of residual yellow after photocuring and, in some combinations, the color difference may be visually detectable.
The Effect of Desensitizing Treatments on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Dentin Mediated by a Self-etching Primer
Authors: Akca T. , Yazici A. R. , Çelik Ç , Özgünaltay G. , Dayangaç B. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Desensitizing treatments, except for self-etching adhesives, might have an adverse effect on the bond strength of a resin composite to dentin mediated by a self-etching primer. Therefore, it might be important for clinicians to evaluate previous desensitizing treatments.
Sealing Ability of Dentin Adhesives/Desensitizer
Authors: Fu B. , Shen Y. , Wang H. , Hannig M. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Depending on the application of the individual adhesives used, dentin adhesives seal dentin surfaces and reduce dentinal permeability. Dentin adhesives possessing a high sealing ability for dentin surfaces are suggested for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
Effect of Mechanical Cycling on the Push-out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Adhesively Bonded to Human Root Dentin
Authors: Valandro L. F. , Baldissara P. , Galhano G. A. , Melo R. M. , Mallmann A. , Scotti R. , Bottino M. A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
When adhesively cemented, tested fiber posts are fatigue resistant and appear to have no affect on bond strength to root dentin. Thus, the retention strength of these fiber posts could be maintained for an extended period; however, further studies should be conducted.
Clinical Measurement of Palatal Tooth Wear Following Coating by a Resin Sealing System
Authors: Sundaram G. , Wilson R. , Watson T. F. , Bartlett D. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
This randomized clinical study presents the results of applying a resin-based dentin bonding agent to the palatal surfaces of worn and eroded anterior teeth. The application of the barrier protected the teeth for up to three months.
Increases in Dentin-bond Strength If Doubling Application Time of an Acetone-containing One-step Adhesive
Authors: Toledano M. , Proença J. P. , Erhardt M. C. G. , Osorio E. , Aguilera F. S. , Osorio R. , Tay F. R. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
When treating dentin surfaces with Futurabond one-step self-etch bonding agent, in order to obtain higher microtensile bond strength, doubling the application time of the adhesive should be considered.
The Effect of Soft-start Polymerization by Second Generation LEDs on the Degree of Conversion of Resin Composite
Authors: Soares L. E. S. , Liporoni P. C. S. , Martin A. A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Photo-polymerization using second generation LED and halogen light in the soft-start mode of curing was able to produce an adequate degree of conversion in resin composites. The lower degree of conversion produced by low power LED in the soft-start mode could lead to restoration failure, degradation of the organic matrix and recurrent caries.
Clinical Evaluation of Three Adhesive Systems for the Restoration of Non-carious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Burrow M. F. , Tyas M. J. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
When esthetics is not critical, resin modified GIC is the best material for restoring non-carious cervical lesions. For highly esthetic restorations, self-etching primer with resin composite is the best material.
The Effect of Chlorhexidine on Dentin Hybrid Layers In Vivo
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Tay F. R. , Brackett M. G. , Dib A. , Sword R. J. , Pashley D. H. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Degradation of dentin hybrid layers in Class I resin composite restorations is minimal over six months but is lessened by the application of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate after etching.
Extended Bleaching of Tetracycline-Stained Teeth: A 5-Year Study
Authors: Matis B. A. , Wang Y. , Eckert G. J. , Cochran M. A. , Jiang T. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
When using a tray delivery technique, tetracycline-stained teeth can be effectively lightened with the extended use of tooth whiteners. Cervical staining is the most difficult area to lighten.
Quantity of Remaining Bacteria and Cavity Size After Excavation with FACE, Caries Detector Dye and Conventional Excavation In Vitro
Authors: Lennon ÁM. , Attin T. , Buchalla W. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Fluorescence Aided Caries Excavation (FACE) removes heavily infected dentin more completely, without significantly increasing cavity size when compared to conventional methods.
Partial Ceramic Crowns: Influence of Ceramic Thickness, Preparation Design and Luting Material on Fracture Resistance and Marginal Integrity In Vitro
Authors: Federlin M. , Krifka S. , Herpich M. , Hiller K-A. , Schmalz G. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
For fracture resistance and the marginal integrity of adhesively bonded partial ceramic crowns (PCC), the choice of ceramic thickness and luting material are more important than preparation design. PCC fabricated from industrially sintered feldspathic ceramic should have at least a thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm in stress bearing areas.
Composite Photopolymerization with Diode Laser
Authors: Knezevic A. , Ristic M. , Demoli N. , Tarle Z. , Music S. , Mandic V. Negovetic 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Many curing lights that are present in clinical practice today cause the clinician to wonder which curing unit is best for the photopolymerization of dental light curing materials. This study introduces the blue diode laser photopolymerization of composite materials, which, if acceptable for clinical use, offers the best polymerization properties compared to other units available on the market today.
Composite Veneering of Complex Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Demarco F. F. , Zanchi C. H. , Bueno M. , Piva E. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Composite veneering of complex amalgam restorations could be an easy-to-perform, less expensive technique that merges the esthetic appearance of composite with the improved mechanical properties of amalgam.
Influence of Beveling and Ultrasound Application on Marginal Adaptation of Box-only Class II (slot) Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Schmidlin P. R. , Wolleb K. , Imfeld T. , Gygax M. , Lussi A. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevanceBeveling box-only Class II cavities is necessary to improve the marginal quality of restorations. Where beveling is impossible or difficult to achieve, ultrasound may improve marginal quality.
Clinical Evaluation of Flowable Resins in Non-carious Cervical Lesions: Two-year Results
Authors: Çelik Ç , Özgünaltay G. , Attar N. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical RelevanceDifferent types of flowable resin materials placed in non-carious cervical lesions demonstrated acceptable clinical performance, except for the retention rates of Dyract Flow restorations, after two years.
The Effect of Surface Preparation and Luting Agent on Bond Strength to a Zirconium-based Ceramic
Authors: Senyilmaz D. P. , Palin W. M. , Shortall A. C. C. , Burke F. J. T. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Although clinical situations may exist where the adhesive luting of high-density milled ceramics for crown or fixed partial dentures are not required, certain clinical situations, such as the chairside repair of existing ceramic restorations, poor retention or inadequate abutment tooth size, will require a durable adhesive layer between the resin and ceramic. This study investigates the efficacy of modern “self-adhesive” luting cements on a zirconia-based ceramic following various surface preparations
Microtensile Dentin and Enamel Bond Strengths of Recent Self-etching Resins
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Tay F. R. , Looney S. W. , Ito S. , Haisch L. D. , Pashley D. H. 
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance
Adhesives with self-etching primers, which were evaluated in this study, produced immediate dentin and enamel bond strengths equivalent to the etch-and-rinse product, although they produced less etching of the enamel surface than etching with phosphoric acid.
Effects of composition grading at heterointefaces and layer thickness variations on Bragg mirror quality
Authors: Gaca J. , Wójcik M. , Jasik A. , Pierściński K. , Kosmala M. , Turos A. , Abdul-Kaderd A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors on GaAs with varied number of layer pairs were grown, by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), to be applied for semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) and intensity modulators. Due to the random variation of the growth rate, substrate surface roughness, and interdiffusion at the interfaces, precise control of the growth conditions of deposited layers poses a serious problem. Usually, thickness variations and composition grading at the heterointefaces result in variations of the mirror reflectivity. In this paper, the high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), optical reflectance, Rutherford backscattering/channelling (RBS), supported by numerical evaluation methods were employed to determine both the exact thickness of each layer and the composition grading at the interface between succeeding layers of GaAs/AlAs-based mirrors. To reduce ambiguity and to speed up the analysis, the rocking curves and RBS spectra were simulated concurrently, using results of one simulation to verify the others. This process was carried out until the best fit between experimental and calculated curves was achieved. The complementary use of both methods results in improved sensitivity and makes the whole process of evaluation of the thickness variation of each layer and the size of the composition grading at the interfaces less time consuming.
Combined ab-initio and N-K, Ti-L2,3, V-L2,3 electron energy-loss near edge structure studies for TiN and VN films
Authors: Rashkova Boriana , Lazar Petr , Redinger Josef , Podloucky Raimund , Kothleitner Gerald , Šturm Sašo , Kutschej Kerstin , Mitterer Christian , Scheu Christina , Dehm Gerhard 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work we examined the electronic structure of well-defined TiN/VN bilayers grown on a MgO(100) substrate by both experimentation and calculation. The electron energy-loss spectra were taken in transmission electron microscopes equipped with and without a monochromator. The experimental studies reveal nearly stoichiometric phases with atomic ratios Ti/N of 1.1 ± 0.1 and V/N of 1.2 ± 0.1. The comparison of the electron energy-loss near-edge structures of the N-K, Ti-L2,3, and V-L2,3 spectra with the theoretically calculated partial density of states using density functional theory revealed that core hole effects must be included. The calculations indicate that the N-K edge is sensitive to vacancies in the sublattice of VN. Thus, the N-K edge may be used as a fingerprint when studying non-stoichiometric or diffusional phenomena.
Spinodal decomposition of cubic Ti1−x
Al
x
N: Comparison between experiments and modeling
Authors: Mayrhofer Paul H. , Hultman Lars , Schneider Jochen M. , Staron Peter , Clemens Helmut 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Annealing of cubic (c) Ti1−x
Al
x
N, possessing NaCl structure, leads to decomposition into the stable constituents c-TiN and hexagonal (h) AlN (ZnS wurtzite structure) via the formation of metastable c-TiN rich and metastable c-AlN rich phases. In this paper, we describe the influence of sizes of the newly formed particles and strain energy due to their different lattice parameter and elastic constants with respect to the remaining matrix on decomposition processes and energetics. Good agreement between the enthalpy output obtained from differential scanning calorimetry and values derived from ab-initio and continuum mechanical based calculations for the decomposition and transformation processes occurring is obtained. Based on the comparison between experiments including X-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering of annealed samples and modeling we can conclude that spinodal decomposition is present in c-Ti1−x
Al
x
N coatings with x = 0.50 and 0.66, whereas the alloy with x = 0.25 is outside the spinodal.
Silicon nitride tools for hot rolling of high-alloyed steel and superalloy wires – load analysis and first practical tests
Authors: Danzer Robert , Lengauer Markus , Zleppnig Walter , Harrer Walter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFor hot rolling wires of high-alloyed steels or superalloys tools are nowadays made of cemented carbides. In service they suffer from roughening of the surfaces and severe wear, which deteriorates the surface quality of the wires and restricts the lifetime of the tool. Due to their high hardness and good high-temperature properties, improvements of tool behaviour can be expected by the use of ceramic. In this paper the suitability of silicon nitride as material for rolls is investigated.The thermal and mechanical loads in silicon nitride rolls during the hot rolling of steel and superalloy wires are analysed. Although the working temperature can be up to 1100 °C the tensile thermal stresses in the rolls reach only a few percent of the materials strength. But mechanical stresses due to contact stresses may become severe. When rolling wires of superalloys tensile contact stresses in the rolls can reach up to 600 MPa – about 60 % of the characteristic bending strength of the silicon nitride material.Experiments in the rolling mill of Boehler in Kapfenberg confirm these theoretical findings. When rolling high-speed tool steels the silicon nitride rolls were superior to the common hard metal rolls. But when rolling superalloys cracks in the rolls arise. For less demanding applications (driving rollers, guiding rollers) silicon nitride rolls are still routinely used by Boehler in Kapfenberg.In summary, silicon nitride ceramics are well suited as tool material for rolling steel wires, if the rolls are properly manufactured and used. For rolling superalloy wires the ceramic material is at its limit, and a safe operation can only be expected for rolls with a material-based design.
Adhesive contact between flat punches with finite edge radius and an elastic half-space
Authors: Ma Lifeng , McMeeking Robert , Arzt Eduard 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
In this paper, the adhesive contact of elastic solids with flat surfaces with an edge radius is studied within the framework of Johnson – Kendall – Roberts theory. Solutions are obtained for the stresses at the contacting surfaces and for the relative displacement of the two bodies due to adhesion and applied load. Results are given for flat-ended punches with rounded edges of small radius to nearly spherical objects with small flat areas (truncated spheres) on their surfaces. The classical Johnson – Kendall – Roberts-model for adhesion and contact between spherical surfaces arises as a limiting case of the results. The pull-off force between the adhering bodies is deduced for the flat-surfaced geometries studied. For small flats, the numerical solutions are similar to the classical Johnson – Kendall – Roberts solution for a sphere.
Materials for violin bows
Authors: Wegst Ulrike G. K. , Oberhoff Stefan , Weller Manfred , Ashby Michael F. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The bow quality determines the ease with which an experienced violinist can produce a high-quality sound. Factors influencing its playability are partly structural (shape, point of balance) and partly material dependent (mass, stiffness, mechanical damping). Pernambuco, a tropical wood, most revered for high-quality violin bows is practically extinct in the wild. Measuring the properties of pernambuco and thirteen alternative materials by a resonant bar technique and mechanical spectroscopy in both the vacuum- and the air-dry states and comparing their performance objectively using property charts and performance indices reveals that bow-grade pernambuco has a high bending stiffness per unit mass, a high speed of sound parallel to the wood grain, and an exceptionally low loss coefficient at room temperature, and that, on purely mechanical grounds, materials exist that could make as good violin bows as pernambuco. The consequences of the use of such alternatives for bow design are described.
DNA‐based typing of Kell, Kidd, MNS, Dombrock, Colton, and Yt blood group systems in the French Basques
Authors: Touinssi Mhammed , Chiaroni Jacques , Degioanni Anna , Granier Thomas , Dutour Olivier , Bailly Pascal , Bauduer Frédéric 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Basques demonstrate peculiar characteristics regarding blood group systems. Although ABO, Rhesus, and Duffy have been extensively studied in this population, the distribution of other groups remains largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the frequency of less‐explored‐ or still noninvestigated blood groups using DNA‐based assays and interpreted these data in the view of population genetics. Polymorphisms of KEL (Kell), SLCA14A1 (Kidd), GYPA/GYPB (MNS), ART4 (Dombrock), AQP1 (Colton), and ACHE (Yt) blood group genes were determined from a sample of more than 100 autochthonous French Basques using allele‐specific primer PCR (PCR‐ASP) methods. Our results were compared with those previously obtained by the use of serology from both Basque and nonBasque European populations. MNS*1 and JK*1 allele frequencies were comparable with those reported from Basque samples. Conversely, the KEL*1 allele frequency differed significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the other three systems are studied in the Basque population. DO*1 and CO*1 allele frequencies, being respectively 0.35 and 0.96, were significantly inferior to those published from various European populations. There were some discrepancies regarding these six blood systems when comparing molecular typing with serology. These findings may be explained by differences in either criteria for individual selection or technical assays. Nevertheless, these results constitute additional data to be included in the chapter of Basque biological anthropology. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.