bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cesium (Z)‐2‐Carbomethoxyethenethiolate: A Reagent for the Preparation of (Z)‐2‐Carbomethoxyethenyl Thioethers Including Selected Cysteine and Homocysteine Derivatives
Authors: O'Donnell Jennifer S. , Singh Suneel P. , Metcalf Thomas A. , Schwan Adrian L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAs a means to circumvent the standard and sometimes troubling conjugate addition reaction of thiols to alkyl propiolates, a new reagent, cesium (Z)‐2‐carbomethoxyethenethiolate, is introduced. The cesium carbonate mediated methanolysis of (Z)‐2‐carbomethoxyethenyl thiolacetate at low temperature creates cesium (Z)‐2‐carbomethoxyethenethiolate in solution. For base‐insensitive and solvolytically stable electrophiles, efficient substitution can be achieved by direct introduction to the electrophile. The conditions were adapted to accommodate base‐sensitive cysteine derivatives, and the use of DMF as a cosolvent permits the isolation of (Z)‐2‐carbomethoxyethenyl cysteinyl thioethers in high enantiomeric purity (>99:1 er) and with good Z/E ratios. There was no evidence of carbon substitution reactions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Protein‐Based Capacitive Biosensors: a New Tool for Structure‐Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: Mortari Alessia , Campos‐Reales Natalhie , Corda Giulia , Brown Nigel L. , Csöregi Elisabeth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present work reports a new application of a protein‐based capacitive biosensor as an in vitro assay for the selectivity study of the bacterial periplasmic protein MerP and four MerP variants. The modified MerP proteins were produced by site‐directed mutagenesis of the heavy metal associated motif (HMA). The MerP and modified MerPs selectivity for copper, zinc, cadmium and mercury bivalent ions were investigated and compared. The variations in the proteins affinity were related to the primary structure of the HMA motifs. Key amino acids for copper coordination of metalloproteins that contain the metal binding sequence Gly‐Met‐Thr‐Cys‐xxx‐xxx‐Cys were identified. The results brought insights valid for Menkes and Wilson ATPases. The protein‐based capacitive biosensors were a simple and useful tool for studying structure‐activity relationships of proteins.
Floodplain development in an engineered setting
Authors: Singer Michael Bliss , Aalto Rolf 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEngineered flood bypasses, or simplified conveyance floodplains, are natural laboratories in which to observe floodplain development and therefore present an opportunity to assess delivery to and sedimentation within a specific class of floodplain. The effects of floods in the Sacramento River basin were investigated by analyzing hydrograph characteristics, estimating event‐based sediment discharges and reach erosion/deposition through its bypass system and observing sedimentation patterns with field data. Sediment routing for a large, iconic flood suggests high rates of sedimentation in major bypasses, which is corroborated by data for one bypass area from sedimentation pads, floodplain cores and sediment removal reporting from a government agency. These indicate a consistent spatial pattern of high sediment accumulation both upstream and downstream of lateral flow diversions and negligible sedimentation in a ‘hydraulic shadow’ directly downstream of a diversion weir. The pads located downstream of the shadow recorded several centimeters of deposition during a moderate flood in 2006, increasing downstream to a peak of ∼10 cm thick and thinning rapidly thereafter. Flood deposits in the sediment cores agree with this spatial pattern, containing discrete sedimentation layers (from preceding floods) that increase in thickness with distance downstream of the bypass entrance to several decimeters thick at the peak and then thin downstream. These patterns suggest that a quasi‐natural physical process of levee construction by advective overbank transport and deposition of sediment is operating. The results improve understanding of the evolution of bypass flood control structures, the transport and deposition of sediment within these environments and the evolution of one class of natural levee systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
After‐hours trading in equity futures markets
Authors: Dungey Mardi , Fakhrutdinova Luba , Goodhart Charles 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough it is well known that electronic futures data absorb news (slightly) in advance of spot markets the role of the electronic futures movement in out‐of‐hours trading has not previously been explored. The behavior of the 24‐hour trade in the S&P 500 and NASDAQ 100 futures market reveals the important role of these markets in absorbing news releases occurring outside of normal trading hours. Peaks in volume and volatility in this market occur in conjunction with U.S. 8:30 A.M. EST news releases, before the opening of the open‐outcry markets, and in a less pronounced fashion immediately post‐close the open‐outcry market. Price impact in these markets is statistically higher in the post‐close than in the pre‐open periods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 29:114–136, 2009
Abrogation of hepatic ATP-citrate lyase protects against fatty liver and ameliorates hyperglycemia in leptin receptor-deficient mice #
Authors: Wang Qiong , Jiang Lei , Wang Jue , Li Shoufeng , Yu Yue , You Jia , Zeng Rong , Gao Xiang , Rui Liangyou , Li Wenjun , Liu Yong 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and a key component of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions featuring dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and loss of glycemic control. It has yet to be completely understood how much dysregulated de novo lipogenesis contributes to the pathogenic development of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) is a lipogenic enzyme that catalyzes the critical reaction linking cellular glucose catabolism and lipogenesis, converting cytosolic citrate to acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). Acetyl-CoA is further converted to malonyl-CoA, the essential precursor for fatty acid biosynthesis. We investigated whether dysregulation of hepatic ACL is metabolically connected to hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. We found that in leptin receptor–deficient db/db mice, the expression of ACL was selectively elevated in the liver but not in the white adipose tissue. Liver-specific ACL abrogation via adenovirus-mediated RNA interference prominently reduced the hepatic contents of both acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, markedly inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and protected against hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. Surprisingly, liver-specific ACL abrogation markedly inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the entire lipogenic program in the liver. Moreover, hepatic ACL deficiency resulted in significantly down-regulated expression of gluconeogenic genes in the liver as well as enhanced insulin sensitivity in the muscle, leading to substantially improved systemic glucose metabolism. Conclusion: These findings establish a crucial role of hepatic ACL in lipid and glucose metabolism; therefore, hepatic ACL may serve as a potential target to treat NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. (Hepatology 2009.)
Blockade of four-transmembrane L6 family member 5 (TM4SF5)-mediated tumorigenicity in hepatocytes by a synthetic chalcone derivative #
Authors: Lee Sin-Ae , Ryu Hyung Won , Kim Young Mee , Choi Suyong , Lee Mi Ji , Kwak Tae Kyoung , Kim Hyeon Jung , Cho Moonjae , Park Ki Hun , Lee Jung Weon 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
We previously reported that the four-transmembrane L6 family member 5 (TM4SF5) was highly expressed in hepatocarcinoma, induced morphological elongation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and caused abnormal cell growth in multilayers in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. In this study, we identified a synthetic compound, 4′-(p-toluenesulfonylamido)-4-hydroxychalcone (TSAHC) that antagonized both the TM4SF5-mediated multilayer growth and TM4SF5-enhanced migration/invasion. TSAHC treatment induced multilayer-growing cells to grow in monolayers, recovering contact inhibition without accompanying apoptosis, and inhibited chemotactic migration and invasion. Tumor formation in nude mice injected with TM4SF5-expressing cells and the growth of cells expressing endogenous TM4SF5, but not of TM4SF5-null cells, was suppressed by treatment with TSAHC, but not by treatment with its analogs. The structure-activity relationship indicated the significance of 4′-p-toluenesulfonylamido and 4-hydroxy groups for the anti-TM4SF5 effects of TSAHC. Point mutations of the putative N-glycosylation sites abolished the TM4SF5-specific TSAHC responsiveness. Conclusion: These observations suggest that TM4SF5-enhanced tumorigenic proliferation and metastatic potential can be blocked by TSAHC, likely through targeting the extracellular region of TM4SF5, which is important for protein-protein interactions. (Hepatology 2009.)
Encapsulation of a glycosaminoglycan in hydroxyapatite/alginate capsules
Authors: Tan Chong Shuan , Jejurikar Aparna , Rai Bina , Bostrom Thor , Lawrie Gwen , Grøndahl Lisbeth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe development of suitable vehicles for the delivery of growth‐inducing factors to fracture sites is a challenging area of bone repair. Bone‐specific glycosaminoglycan molecules are of particular interest because of their high stability and proven effect on bone growth. Calcium alginate capsules are popular as delivery vehicles because of their low immunogenic response; they offer a versatile route that enables the controlled release of heparin (a member of the glycosaminoglycan family). In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA)/alginate composite capsules are explored as novel drug delivery vehicles for heparin, using both medium‐ and low‐viscosity alginates. The composition, structure, and stability of the capsules are fully characterized and correlated to the release of heparin in vitro. Heparin is found to associate both with the alginate matrix through polymeric flocculation and also with the HA crystals in the composite beads. The mechanism by which heparin is released is dictated by the stability of the capsule in a particular release media and by the composition of the capsule. The use of medium‐viscosity alginate is advantageous with respect to both drug loading and prolonging the release. The inclusion of HA increases the encapsulation efficiency, but because of its destabilizing effect to the alginate hydrogel matrix, it also increases the rate of heparin release. The bioactivity of heparin is fully retained throughout the assembly and release processes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
S6K1 is involved in polyploidization through its phosphorylation at Thr421/Ser424
Authors: Ma Dongchu , Yu Huiying , Lin Di , Sun Yinghui , Liu Liping , Liu Yage , Dai Bing , Chen Wei , Cao Jianping 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStudies on polyploidization of megakaryocytes have been hampered by the lack of synchronized polyploid megakaryocytes. In this study, a relatively synchronized polyploid cell model was successfully established by employing Dami cells treated with nocodazole. In nocodazole‐induced cells, cyclin B expression oscillated normally as in diploid cells and polyploid megakaryocytes. By using the nocodazole‐induced Dami cell model, we found that 4E‐BP1 and Thr421/Ser424 of ribosomal S6 kinase 1(S6K1) were phosphorylated mostly at M‐phase in cytoplasm and oscillated in nocodazole‐induced polyploid Dami cells, concomitant with increased expression of p27 and cyclin D3. However, phosphorylation of 4E‐BP1 and S6K1 on Thr421/Ser424 was significantly decreased in differentiated Dami cells induced by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), concomitant with increased expression of cyclin D1 and p21 and cyclin D3. Overexpression of the kinase dead form of S6K1 containing the mutation Lys 100 → Gln in PMA‐induced Dami cells increased ploidy whereas overexpression of rapamycin‐resistant form of S6K1 containing the mutations Thr421 → Glu and Ser424 → Asp significantly dephosphorylated 4E‐BP1 and reduced expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, p21 and p27, and slightly decreased the ploidy of PMA‐induced Dami cells, compared with treatment with PMA alone. Moreover, overexpression of rapamycin‐resistant form of S6K1 significantly reversed polyploidization of nocodazole‐induced Dami cells. Furthermore, MAP (a novel compound synthesized recently) partly blocked the phosphorylation of S6K1 on Thr421/Ser424 and decreased the expression of p27 and polyploidization in nocodazole‐induced Dami cells. Taken together, these data suggested that S6K1/4E‐BP1 pathway may play an important role in polyploidization of megakaryocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 31–44, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioaccumulation and biosorption of copper(II) and chromium(III) from aqueous solutions by Pichia stipitis yeast
Authors: Yilmazer Pinar , Saracoglu Nurdan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Bioaccumulation and biosorption by Pichia stipitis yeast has not yet been explored. This paper evaluates, for the first time, the use of both viable and nonviable P. stipitis yeast to eliminate Cu(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solutions. The effect of Cu(II) and Cr(III) ions on the growth and bioaccumulation properties of adapted and nonadapted biomass is investigated as a function of initial metal concentration. Binding capacity experiments using nonviable biomass are also performed as a function of temperature.RESULTS: The addition of Cu(II) and Cr(III) had a significant negative effect on the growth of yeast. Nonadapted cells could tolerate Cu(II) and Cr(III) ions up to a concentration of 75 ppm. The growth rate of nonadapted and adapted cells decreased with the increase in Cu(II) and Cr(III) concentration. Adapted P. stipitis biomass was capable of removing Cu(II) and Cr(III) with a maximum specific uptake capacity of 15.85 and 9.10 mg g−1, respectively, at 100 ppm initial Cu(II) and Cr(III) concentration at pH 4.5. Adsorption data on nonviable cells were found to be well modeled by the Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The maximum loading capacity of dry biomass predicted from Langmuir isotherm for Cu(II) and Cr(III) at 20 °C were 16.89 and 19.2 mg g−1, respectively, at pH 4.5. Biosorptive capacities were dependent on temperature for Cu(II) and Cr(III) solutions.CONCLUSION: Cu(II)‐ and Cr(III)‐adapted cells grow and accumulate these ions at high ratios. On the other hand, nonviable P. stipitis was found to be an effective biosorbent for Cu(II) and Cr(III) biosorption. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Semibatch and continuous fructooligosaccharides production by Aspergillus sp. N74 in a mechanically agitated airlift reactor
Authors: Caicedo Luis , Silva Edelberto , Sánchez Oscar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fructooligosaccharides are important sweeteners produced by sucrose biotransformation. Although fructooligosccharides production has been reported widely, most studies have been carried out at laboratory level. This study evaluates semibatch and continuous fructooligosaccharides production by Aspergillus sp. N74 at bench scale in a mechanically agitated airlift.RESULTS: Sucrose biotransformation to fructooligosaccharides was carried out with biomass harvested after 24 or 48 h of culture. For 6.21 ± 0.33 or 9.66 ± 0.62 g biomass dry weight L−1, the highest FOS yields were obtained at batch operating 62.1 and 66.4% after 26 or 6 h of reaction, respectively. Reduction in fructooligosaccharides yield was observed for both biomass concentrations at semibatch operating, while a comparable yield was obtained during continuous operating (62.1% for 6.21 ± 0.33 g L−1 and a dilution rate 0.016 s−1, and 62.8% for 9.66 ± 0.62 g L−1 and a dilution rate 0.032 s−1). Nevertheless, 1‐kestose formation was favored with biomass harvested after 24 h under any operating mode.CONCLUSION: Biomass concentration, reaction time and operating mode have a notable effect on fructooligosaccharides yield and composition. 1‐kestose, the most valuable fructooligosaccharide, was obtained in greatest proportion at a biomass concentration 6.21 ± 0.33 g L−1. Under the different operating modes, Aspergillus sp. N74 mycelia and the reactor described are presented as a feasible alternative for scaling up fructooligosaccharides production. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Snail phenotypic variation and stress proteins: do different heat response strategies contribute to Waddington's widget in field populations?
Authors: Köhler Heinz‐R. , Lazzara Raimondo , Dittbrenner Nils , Capowiez Yvan , Mazzia Christophe , Triebskorn Rita 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOn the basis of studies with laboratory strains of Drosophila and Arabidopsis, it has been hypothesized that potential buffers to the expression of phenotypic morphological variation, such as Hsp90 and possibly Hsp70, represent important components of Waddington's widget, which may confer capacitive evolution. As studies on field populations of living organisms to test this hypothesis are lacking, we tested whether a heat response strategy involving high stress protein levels is associated with low morphological variation and vice versa, using four natural populations of Mediterranean pulmonate snails. In response to 8 hr of elevated temperatures, a population of Xeropicta derbentina with uniform shell pigmentation pattern showed remarkably high Hsp70 but low Hsp90 levels. In contrast, a highly variable population of Cernuella virgata kept both Hsp90 and Hsp70 levels low when held at diverse though environmentally relevant temperatures. Two other populations (Theba pisana and another X. derbentina population) with intermediate variation in shell pigmentation pattern were also intermediate in inducing Hsp70, though Hsp90 was maintained at a low level. The observed correlation of stress protein levels and coloration pattern variation provide the first indirect evidence for an association of stress proteins with Waddington's widget under natural conditions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:136–147, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting the behaviour of offenders with personality disorder: issues for investigative psychology
Authors: Duff Simon , Kinderman Peter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper explores the extent to which the diagnosis of personality disorder is valid and reliable, whether such a diagnosis conveys useful information of predictive value to forensic psychology, and thus, the extent to which such a diagnosis may be of use in investigative psychology. It argues that the diagnostic criteria are of questionable reliability, validity, and utility. Using a recently developed model of the psychological underpinnings of the problematic thoughts, emotions, and behaviours encompassed by the term ‘personality disorder’, it argues that such problems emerge from psychological processes that are part of the ‘normal’ architecture of cognition rather than from an ‘abnormal’ psychology particular to personality disorder. Great caution is therefore urged before investigative psychology adopts such terminology and associated methodologies from clinical psychology or psychiatry. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lay perceptions of an expert witness in a sexual discrimination in the workplace case
Authors: Carson Lloyd 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study reprised social psychologist Susan Fiske's role as expert witness in a sexual discrimination case in which a claim was successfully brought by an assertive female accountant against her employers, Price Waterhouse. It explored whether a female expert would be judged by mock jurors as more effective than a male expert in the case of an equivalent gender role‐violating (i.e. feminine) male employee, and whether judgements would be influenced by the employee's occupation type—male dominated (accountancy) or female dominated (midwifery). Participants responded to a range of case‐related questions after reading a ‘judge's summary’ of a hypothetical action alleging sexual discrimination in the workplace by means of sexual stereotyping. Expert witness' sex, plaintiff's (i.e. employee's) sex, and workplace type were manipulated in the summary. Evidence for the greater effectiveness of a female social science expert in the ‘gender domain congruent’ area of sexual stereotyping was found; however, plaintiff's sex and occupation type did not influence the participants' judgements except that experts supporting female plaintiffs were viewed positively. The participants' attitudes towards the case, and to other personnel involved, were negative. Analysis of the participants' comments indicated considerable distrust of and scepticism about social science. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Host–parasite distribution patterns under simulated climate: implications for tick‐borne diseases
Authors: Olwoch J. M. , Reyers B. , van Jaarsveld A. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTicks are known to depend intimately on both climate and the presence of suitable animal host populations for reproduction, survival and population establishment. In response to the reported probable impacts of climate change on ticks and tick‐borne diseases, current and future predicted distribution maps of ticks and animal species have been produced. However, there have been no known attempts to link climate change, the predicted future distribution of ticks and the vertebrates that act as hosts and/or reservoirs for ticks and tick‐borne diseases. Yet knowledge of this link provides an in‐depth understanding of the impacts of climate change on this complex system. Using a modelling approach, this paper provides the predicted change in distribution range of an economically important tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and ten vertebrate species that act as its hosts. Results obtained using a predictive species model and climate variables provided by a nested regional climate model, Division of Atmospheric Area Model (DARLAM) show reduction in tick‐range and statistically significant differences between the current and future predicted ranges (probability of occurrence) for individual host species. The results also demonstrate a reduction in the range of the total host assemblage while the ranges of hosts intimately involved in East Coast fever (ECF) transmission were altered to different degrees in different areas in sub‐Saharan Africa. Increased probability of occurrences for the tick‐host assemblage was predicted in Tanzania, Angola and Mozambique. The implications of these results for future tick abundances and ECF transmission under a changing climate scenario are discussed using the Lyme disease ‘dilution effect’ model. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society