bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on subgingival microflora
Authors: Ristic M , Svabic M Vlahovic , Sasic M , Zelic O 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Objectives:  Fixed orthodontic appliances cause plaque accumulation around bands and brackets. Since the microbiological composition of dental plaque is closely connected to periodontal tissue health, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on subgingival microflora and periodontal status.Methods:  This prospective study was carried out on 32 adolescents scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment. Subgingival dental plaque samples and periodontal records (pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level) were obtained in four recording times: before bonding of fixed appliances (T0), 1 (T1), 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months after the beginning of orthodontic therapy, in order to detect the changes in periodontopathic anaerobe microbial flora and its effects on periodontal status.Results:  The values of pocket probing depth, total number of microorganisms and number of patients with positive findings of Prevotella intermedia and other periodontopathic anaerobes increased from T0 to the maximum obtained in T2 recording time. Both clinical and microbiological values decreased 6 months after the beginning of orthodontic therapy.Conclusions:  The therapy with fixed appliances may transitionally increase the growth of periodontopathogenic bacteria and consequently result in gingival inflammatory response but without destructive effect on deep periodontal tissues.
Study of oral changes in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Lifante‐Oliva C , López‐Jornet P , Camacho‐Alonso F , Esteve‐Salinas J 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Background:  The prevalence of eating disorders is very high in industrialized countries, especially in young women. The principal orodental manifestations are erosion of the dental enamel, caries and dental sensitivity.Objectives:  Our aim was to study oral complications in female with eating disorders.Methods:  We study oral complications (dental, mucosal and salivary) in 17 female patients from the Hospitalized Patients Eating Disorders Unit.Results:  We found alterations in salivary flow and pH, as well as salivary gland enlargement.Conclusions:  A significant alteration in oral tissue occurs; this has an adverse impact on oral health, producing an accumulation of local irritants which favour the appearance of oral diseases. Preventative measures are therefore recommended for this group of patients.
Complex regional pain syndrome type I in children
Authors: Tan Edward CTH , Zijlstra Basil , Essink Marlou L , Goris R Jan A , Severijnen René SVM 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type I (CRPS I) is a potentially incapacitating syndrome which can occur after a minor injury or operation to a limb. It is a disorder characterized by pain, sensory and motor disturbances. CRPS I is well known in adults, but a relatively new diagnostic entity in children. The clinical presentation of CRPS I in children is, to some extent, different from adults and therefore sometimes not recognized early. The aim of this study was to search for differences in patient characteristics between children and adults with CRPS I.Methods: We have performed a retrospective chart review of 78 children (age ≤16 year) with CRPS I and compared the data with those of 951 adults with CRPS I.Results: The child population consisted predominantly of girls and older children (median age 13 years). The child population differed from adults in that the skin temperature of the involved extremity at onset was more often cooler, the lower extremity was involved more frequently and neurological and sympathetic symptoms were less pronounced.Conclusions: In several aspects, CRPS I in children has a different presentation than in adults.
FORAGE LOSSES CAUSED BY GRASSHOPPER CHORTHIPPUS DUBIUS (ZUB.1 ON GRASSLAND IN INNER MONGOLIA OF CHINA
Authors: Qiu Xinghui , Li Hongchang , Fan Weimin 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  To quantitatively assess the losses of forage, we conducted experiments to determine the average amount of forage destroyed (forage consumed plus forage cut‐off and dropped to the ground) per day by the grasshopper, Chorthippus dubius (Zub.), at its different life stages in laboratory and then extrapolated estimates of losses caused by the field grasshopper population from these results and the population densities of this grasshopper. The main results are as follows:

Ch. dubius is a late‐occurring species of grasshoppers in Inner Mongolian grassland. It occurred from June to October. The duration for each instar and the longevity of the adult under natural conditions ranged from 9. 09–9. 81 fdays) and 17. 65–19. 441days) respectively.
Both consumption and forage defoliation rates by Ch. dubius increase with its developemnt. The consumption rates had significantly linear relationships with the grasshopper's body weights.
Average losses caused by one grasshopper in its whole lifespan were 487. 55–784. 4 mg (dry weight) and the average amount of forage consumed and wasted per day was 7. 64–11. 45 mg.
Total losses caused by Ch. dubius population in 1990 ranged from 0. 762–1. 647 g/m2 in the three types of vegetation, and the largest value was found in restorative type. The seasonal courses of cumulative forage losses would fit logistic equations in the three vegetation types.
Population densities (18. 5, 194., 11. 8/m2, 4th instar nymph predominantly) were suggested as the levels at which control should be initiated on the three types of pastures respectively.
DETECTION OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI FROM VECTOR TROMBICULID MITE BY DNA AMPLIFICATION USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION TECHNIQUE*
Authors: Li Jiacan , Zheng Xiaoying , Ni Hong , Chen Tiansheng 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  With reference to the Sta 58 major antigen gene of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Karp strain), we had designed and synthesized a pair of DNA primers; and a kilobase fragment of Sta 58 is amplified for using in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the primers.This is the first report on detection of R. tsutsugamushi in trombiculids by using PCR technique. The experimental results indicated that the time for which R. tsutsugamushi could exist in the adult of Leptotromhidium deliense when inoculated into its abdomenal cavity was 360 days at least and R. tsutsugamushi could be transovarially transmitted to the offsprings for 4 generations; and the time for which R. tsutsugamushi could exist in L. deliense after biting the infective mouse was 270 days at least and R. tsutsugamushi could be transmitted transovarially to the offsprings for 2 generations. The results also showed that the PCK technique was highly specific and sensitive for detection of R. tsutsugamushi; and the amplification of gene outside body to detect the rickettsiae in the body of trombiculid and mouse can be used as a new method for investigation of scrub typhus epidemiology.
NEUROANATOMICAL STUDIES OF PROTHORACIC GLANDS OF COTTON BOLLWORM HELZCOVERPA ARMZCERA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)*
Authors: Zhao Faqing , Carlson Stanley D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Gross anatomy, ultrastructure, innervation and ultrastructural alterations of the prothoracic gland (PTG) of cotton bollworm, Helicover pa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are illustrated for the last larval and early pupal stages as observed by light and electron microscopy. The T‐shaped, paired (PTGs) consist each of 76–116 cells which are classified morphologically as large and small gland cells. In addition, another kind of small (about 6μ in diameter) gland cell was found in the PTGs of last instar larvae. The PTGs are innervated by the branches of 3 nerves! and tracheae and tracheoles are abundantly distributed to these glands. PTGs disappeared completely by the third day after ecdysis to the pupal stage (at temperature 28 C with a photoperiod L15:D9). An intercellular channel system (ICS) is formed by numerous, deep invaginations of the plasma membrane of gland cells. This ICS gradually increases in depth and width and reaches maximum development around the time of the major ecdysteroid secretion peak during the last larval instar.Numerous multivesicular sacs (MVS) with their remnants and an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed within ICS and cytoplasm, respectively, on the fourth day of the last larval instar. At that time the matrix of mitochondria became much more electron lucent.Freeze‐fracture replicas of the glandular epithelium were made from last instar (4th day larvae. Dynamics of structure are related to data from others concerning secretory states of the prothoracic glands of this species.
FIVE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PYGOPHORA FROM CHINA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Cui Yongsheng , Xue Wanqi , Zhang Chuntian 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper reports five new species of Pygophora Shiner from China, namely P. immacularis Cui et Xue, P. orbiculata Cui et Zhang, P. capitata Cui et Xue, P. digitata Cui et Xue and P. choui Cui et Xue.The type‐specimens are kept as follows: P. immacularis, in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica; P. capitata, in the Entomological Museum, Northwestern Agricultural University; the rest, in the Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal College.
ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS FOR GRASSHOPPER DAMAGE ON GRAZING PASTURE IN THE TYPICAL STEPPE OF CHINA*
Authors: Fan Weimin , Li Hongchang , Qiu Xinghui 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Almost all of the methods traditionally selected to estimate forage damage caused by grasshoppers in grassland are to determine the forage damage in relation to forage yield in fall. But the damage to standing forage, not the forage yields in fall, should be considered in determining forage damage and economic thresholds in grazing pasture. A new method that combines the field hang‐cage rearing with natural grasshopper population dynamics to evaluate the damage to standing forage was presented in this paper. The complex grasshoppers economic threshold models in grazing pasture can be described as: a0+ a
1
M
1
+ a
2
M
2+a3S1+a4S2= CWhere M1: biomass of Myrmeleotettix palpalis (Zub.); M2: biomass of Chorthippus dubius (Zub); S1: average individual weight of My. palpalis; S2: average individual weight of Ch. dubius, a0‐a4: constants. The level of grasshopper's infestation was described with regard to both grasshopper density and phenology.
HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR POPULATION DYNAMICS OF TIBETAN MIGRATORY LOCUST AND THE FORECAST OF ITS OUTBREAK*
Authors: Chen Yonglin , Zhang De'er 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The Tibetan migratory locust (Locusta migratoria tibetensis Chen) is the highest altitude distributed subspecies among the 10 subspecies of migratory locusts. It was discovered and described as new subspecies in 1963. It is mostly distributed above an elevation of 3 000 m, with the highest up to 4 600 m, on the “Roof of the World,” viz. the Qinghai‐Xizang Plateau in southwestern China.Recent study on the historic literature revealed ancient records of locust plagues caused by Locusta migratoria tibetensis Chen in many regions of Xizang (Tibet). These disasters took place during 124 years stretching from 1828 to 1952. Forty‐five places were infested by locust swarms, and from 1846 to 1857 locust disasters occurred sucessively in 12 years, and affected 18 places of Xizang. At the severe disaster regions crops were damaged by locusts in such a degree that there was no harvest at all. At the same time, locust plagues due to another subspecies also occurred in the plains between the Yellow River and Huaihe and Haihe Rivers in East China.The disasters in Xizang were caused by the Tibetan migratory locust, while in Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain disasters were due to the Oriental migratory locust Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). This study not only provides the evidence that the Tibetan migratory locust has been existing as a separate subspecies with a long history, but also reveals the relevant years of locust plagues, their regional distribution and intermittent rules of locust plagues. It also offers a scientific basis for forecasting Tibetan migratory locust disasters and related monitoring strategies; as well as understanding the close relationship between the outbreak of the migratory locust and drought.
THE VIRULENCE CHANGE AND DAMAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER*
Authors: Lu Zhongxian , Yu Xiaoping , Wu Guorui , Tao Linyong , Chen Jianming , Zheng Xusong 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The virulence change and damage characteristics of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stal, populations collected from Guangxi, Yunnan and Zhejiang Provinces were studied by using various resistant rice varieties. The results indicated that the Zhejiang population could successfully infest varieties IR26 and Mudgo, showing the characters of BPH biotype 2 after 1989. The Guangxi population, however, could adapt the resistant varieties IR26, Mudgo and ASD7 after 1991. In 1997, the nymphal survival indices of Guangxi and Yunnan populations on Rathu Heenati (Bph3) were up to 70. 9 and 66. 7 respectively. This may imply that the BPH populations in Guangxi and Yunnan have shifted into a new biotype.In free‐choice test, there was obvious difference in the feeding preference of nymphs and adults of Zhejiang population, the adult preferred to feeding on resistant variety IR26 and the nymphs chose the hosts randomly. Under 26 C and L12: D12, the nymphal duration of Zhejiang population was the longest in the three tested populations. For Guangxi population, the nymphal duration on ASD7 was significantly longer than on TN1, although it could infest resistant variety ASD7. The nymphal survival rate of Zhejiang population fed on IR26 was higher than those fed on TN1 and ASD7. On varieties IR26 and ASD7, an obviously higher nymphal survival rate was observed in Yunnan population as compared to those of Zhejiang and Guangxi populations. These results indicate that difference in virulence and damage characteristics could be found in different geographical populations of BPH.
NESTMATE RECOGNITION AND KIN RECOGNITION IN ANTS
Authors: Zhi‐bin LIU , Yamane Sôichi , Tsuji Kazuki , Zhe‐min ZHENG 
Published: April 2008

Abstract All ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) are highly eusocial insects that are characterized by reproductive division of labor with sterile castes (worker and soldier) helping fertile castes (queen and male) to reproduce.Ant societies, like other complex animal societies, have developed a sophisticated communication system, in which recognition behaviors are frequently involved Recognition abilities allow individuals to orient and modulate their behaviors effectively and appropriately in response to the characteristics andlor signals expressed by other organisms. Among recognition behaviors, nestmate recognition and kin recognition mechanisms have attracted great attention of sociobiologists, ecologists, insect physiologists and biochemists since 1970's. This is parallel with the popularization of Hamilton's kin selection theory. The present paper aims at reviewing the current understanding on nestmate/kin recognition in ants. This review consists of three parts. The first part concerns the diversity of recognition behaviors and their ecological implications with emphasis on nestmatelkin recognition; in the second part, the current understandings on the mechanism of nestmatelkin recognition are outlined; and in the third part, we discuss the ontogenetic development of nestmate recognition behavior and naturally mixed colonies. The study of the integration mechanism of social parasite may provide heuristic clues to the understanding of kin/nestmate recognition system.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF HOPLOPLEURA PACIFICA (ANOPLURA: HOPLOPLEURIDAE) ON ITS DOMINANT RAT HOST, RATTUS FLAVIPECTUS IN YUNNAN, CHINA
Authors: Guo Xian‐guo , Qian Ti‐jun , Guo Li‐jun , Wang Jing , Dong Wen‐ge , Zhang Li , Ma Zhi‐min , Li Wei 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Hoplopleura pacifica is a dominant species of ectoparasitic sucking lice on the body surface of a common rat species, Rattus flavipectus in Yunan province of China. To illustrate the spatial distribution pattern of H. pacifica among the individuals of R. flavipectus, Iwao's linear regression method and a significance test of random deviation for the method were used, and a regression equation was established in the light of Iwao's method. The established equation is M*= 12.10 + 4.76M (r= 0.75, P < 0.01) where both α and β are considerably higher than 0 and 1, the border values for determining spatial pattern of populations. The calculated F value is F= 6.07 (P < 0.05) in the significance test of random deviation. The spatial distribution pattern of H. pacifica among the individuals of R. flavipectus is of aggregated distribution. The result suggests that the individuals of H. pacifica have a tendency to congregate together and form different individual groups instead of evenly distributing on the body surface of every rat host.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ANTENNAE OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA (COCCINELLIDAE: COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Srivastava Shefali , Omkar  
Published: April 2008

AbstractScanning electron microscopy was done to describe the morphology of antenna of adult male and female ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata. Eleven‐segmented, scaly antenna was 950 μm in male and 980 μm in female. Electron micrographs reveal the occurrence of eight types of sensillae, viz. chaetica (Ch), trichoidea (Tr), basiconica (Ba), campaniformia (Ca), ampucellaceous (Am), scolopalia (Sc), placoidea (Pl) and hook shaped sensilla on the antennae of male and female ladybeetles. Ch had long external‐process, with base surrounded by membranous socket and the length was 60 and 70 μm in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Tr were distally curved and inserted into depression, 9.0 and 15 μm long in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Ba were cuticular peg‐like and 0.57 and 0.70 μm long on the male and female antennae. Sensillae Ca were small dome‐like and had diameter of 3.0μm in both the sexes. Sensillae Am were pit‐like in appearance and the diameter of the pit was 1.2 and 1.5 in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Pl were elliptical sunken plates like in both the sexes. Sensillae Sc were broad at their apex and pointed at their tip, 2.5 μm. A single hook‐shaped sensilla of 21.0 μm in length was present on male antenna only. Ch, Ca, Am, and Pl were almost similar in numbers in both the sexes. Sensillae Tr were more numerous on the male antenna and Ba were more numerous on the female antenna.
PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF ADULT DIAPAUSE IN CHRYSOPERLA SINICA (TJEDER) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE— I. CRITICAL PHOTOPERIOD AND SENSITIVE STAGES OF ADULT DIAPAUSE INDUCTION
Authors: Xu Yong‐yu , Mu Ji‐yuan , Hu Cui , Wang Hong‐gang 
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Photoperiodic sensitivity for diapause induction of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) was examined at 22°C. The adult diapause of C. sinica was induced by short‐day photoperiods, and the critical photoperiod for its induction was between 12.5L‐11.5D and 13L‐11D.Adults developed without diapause under long‐day conditions, and entered diapause under short‐day conditions. The adult stage was the uppermost sensitive stage for adult diapause induction, adults could go into diapause only when the emerging adults were under diapause‐inducing short‐day photoperiods. The short‐day photoperiodic experience by transferring between 15L: 9D and 9L: 15D at preimaginal stages did not result in adult diapause under 15L: 9D photo regime, although some treatments extended the pre‐oviposition period in adult stage. The results showed that the 3rd instar larvae and pre‐pupae were more sensitive to the photoperiodic change from 15L: 9D to 9L: 15D photo regime than the other preimaginal stages.
Spondylosis deformans of the lumbo‐sacral joint in dogs
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe lumbo sacral angle and the relationship between L7 and the sacrum was measured in dogs with and without vertebral osteophyte formation, including some exhibiting evidence of a significant lesion at the lumbo sacral level. It was deduced that these parameters did not vary greatly between the different groups of dogs, and were therefore not helpful in the diagnosis of disease. The use of myelography was also discussed.
Pulmonary paragonimiasis in dogs and cats: a review
Authors: Pechman R. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPulmonary paragonimiasis is a parasitic lung disease of dogs and cats caused by the trematode Paragonimus kellicotti. The disease is encountered most frequently in the Southeastern and Midwestern regions of the United States. The radiographic appearance of pulmonary paragonimiasis is that of multiloculated cysts in dogs and interstitial nodules in cats. Spontaneous pneumothorax is common in both species. Recognition of the characteristic pulmonary lesions on thoracic radiographs justifies repeated faecal examinations in order to find Paragonimus ova to confirm the diagnosis. Necropsy findings are diagnostic. Bithionol®and albendo.‐zole have been used for treatment with variable results. Drug availability and approval remain as problems.
The complications of diaphyseal fractures in dogs: a review of 100 cases
Authors: HUNT J. M. , AITKEN M. L. , DENNY H. R. , GIBBS C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe complications of diaphyseal fractures treated surgically and by closed methods are described with reference to 100 dogs. Instability and infection were the most common causes of complications. Fifty‐nine per cent of dogs recovered after corrective treatment while failures were mainly encountered in small dogs with non‐union fractures of the distal radius and ulna and dogs with chronic ostomyelitis.
Odontoid process dysplasia in a dog
Authors: ZAKI F. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA six‐and‐a‐half year old spayed female Sheltie was referred to The Animal Medical Center with upper motor neurone signs to the four limbs. Radiographic and myelographic examinations were not significant. Postmortem examination revealed that dysplasia of the dens caused compression of the spinal cord.
Transplanting the superficial gluteal muscle in the treatment of perineal hernia and flexure of the rectum in the dog
Authors: SPREULL J. S. A. , FRANKLAND A. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors distinguish between perineal hernia and flexure of the rectum. They describe in detail an operative procedure to treat these conditions using a transplanted superficial gluteal muscle to reinforce the ischio rectal fossa.
Urinary incontinence in the dog due to accidental vagino‐ureteral fistulation during hysterectomy
Authors: PEARSON H. , GIBBS C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe paper reports urinary incontinence in three bitches caused by vagino‐ureteral fistulation during or soon after hysterectomy. Diagnostic radiological features are described and the possible causes are discussed.
The surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans and ununited coronoid process in the canine elbow joint
Authors: DENNY H. R. , GIBBS CHRISTINE 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe case details of ten dogs with osteochondritis dissecans of the medial condyle of the humerus and seven dogs with ununited coronoid process are presented. Seventeen dogs were treated surgically and the medial approach to the elbow is described.