bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short communication: Trypanosoma cruzi lineage I in endomyocardial biopsy from a north‐eastern Brazilian patient at end‐stage chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Teixeira Marta M. G. , da Silva Flávia Maia , Marcili Arlei , Umezawa Eufrosina S , Shikanai‐Yasuda Maria A , Cunha‐Neto Edécio , Kalil Jorge , Stolf Noedir , Stolf Anna Maria S 
Published: March 2006

Summary Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is genetically classified into two major evolutionary lineages, T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II. In Southern American Cone countries it is T cruzi II which causes most cases of severe chronic Chagas disease. Contrary to this, we isolated T. cruzi I nested in endomyocardial biopsies of a chronic chagasic patient with end‐stage heart failure. Our finding should alert clinicians to the possibility of severe Chagas disease in all regions where T. cruzi circulates, regardless of its lineage.
Demography of Abutilon theoprasti and Setaria faberi in three crop rotation systems
Authors: HEGGENSTALLER A H , LIEBMAN M 
Published: March 2006

SummaryField experiments were conducted to characterize the demography of Abutilon theophrasti and Setaria faberi in a conventionally managed 2‐year (maize/soya bean) rotation, and in 3‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + red clover) and 4‐year (maize/soya bean/triticale + lucerne/lucerne) rotations managed with 72% and 79% lower herbicide inputs respectively. Rates of weed seedling recruitment, seedling survival and adult plant fecundity were determined for populations in each phase of each rotation and used to calculate annual rates of weed population change, Δ. In both years of the study, Δ for A. theophrasti populations declined or remained stable in all three rotation systems. Despite greater rates of seedling survival and fecundity in maize and soya bean in the 3‐ and 4‐year rotations, increases in Δ for A. theophrasti populations were prevented in these systems because of low fecundity in triticale and low seedling survival and fecundity in lucerne. For Setaria faberi populations, Δ remained stable in the 2‐year rotation, increased in the 3‐year rotation in both years, and increased in the 4‐year rotation in 1 year. The results of this study indicate that when herbicide use is reduced, rotations that include triticale and lucerne can facilitate the suppression of A. theophrasti. Rotations that include lucerne can contribute to restraining S. faberi population growth, given adequate levels of seedling mortality in this crop.
Environmental maternal effects on seed morphology and germination inSinapis arvensis(Cruciferae)
Authors: LUZURIAGA A L , ESCUDERO A , PÉREZ‐GARCÍA F 
Published: March 2006

SummaryPioneer plants are adapted to grow in unpredictable environments. These plants have evolved several traits related to seed morphology and germination to cope with this unpredictability. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plant identity and maternal environment on seed mass and germination ofSinapis arvensis. This study was undertaken withS. arvensisplants grown in four experimentally manipulated resource availability scenarios: (i) nitrogen addition, (ii) water addition, (iii) nitrogen and water simultaneously added, and (iv) control. Plants grew under field conditions in an emerging plant community. Germination response was mainly affected by maternal plant identity. This reflects not only genotype quality but also phenotypic plasticity, which allows adaptation to habitat conditions. Seed coat colour together with mean seed mass per plant explained significant fractions of the variability in germination rate. Changes in the germination response because of maternal environmental effects were also detected. Germination rate decreased in seeds from nitrogen‐enriched conditions; this may be due to the induction of dormancy caused by high concentration of nitrogen in the seeds. Addition of water to maternal environment caused a decrease in total germination percentage and germination rate of seeds. Thus, our results provide evidence for maternal environmental effects on germination under field conditions. Furthermore, changes in germination timing, as detected in our study, may determine plant development and fitness in unpredictable conditions.
Top 20 environmental weeds for classical biological control in Europe: a review of opportunities, regulations and other barriers to adoption
Authors: SHEPPARD AW , SHAW RH , SFORZA R 
Published: March 2006

SummaryClassical biological control remains the only tool available for permanent ecological and economic management of invasive alien species that flourish through absence of their co‐evolved natural enemies. As such, this approach is recognized as a key tool for alien species management by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) and the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species (ESIAS). Successful classical biological control programmes abound around the world, despite disproportionate attention being given to occasional and predictable non‐target impacts. Despite more than 130 case histories in Europe against insect pests, no exotic classical biological control agent has been released in the EU against an alien invasive weed. This dearth has occurred in the face of increasing numbers of exotic invasive plants being imported and taking over National Parks, forests and amenity areas in this region, as well as a global increase in the use of classical biological control around the world. This paper reviews potential European weed targets for classical biological control from ecological and socioeconomic perspectives using the criteria of historical biological control success, taxonomic isolation from European native flora, likely availability of biological control agents, invasiveness outside Europe and value to primary industry and horticulture (potential for conflicts of interest). We also review why classical biological control of European exotic plants remains untested, considering problems of funding and public perception. Finally, we consider the regulatory framework that surrounds such biological control activities within constituent countries of the EU to suggest how this approach may be adopted in the future for managing invasive exotic weeds in Europe.
Dispersal of Avena fatua and Avena sterilis patches by natural dissemination, soil tillage and combine harvesters
Authors: BARROSO J , NAVARRETE L , SÁNCHEZ DEL ARCO M J , FERNANDEZ‐QUINTANILLA C , LUTMAN P J W , PERRY N H , HULL R I 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThe dispersal of Avena spp. (A. fatua and A. sterilis) by natural dissemination and by agricultural operations was studied in four experiments conducted in Spain and Britain. Natural dispersal was very limited, with a maximum dispersal distance of 1.5 m. Dispersal was higher in the geographic direction that was downwind than in any of the other three geographic directions. Although plant movement was very small under no‐tillage, an annual patch displacement of 2–3 m in the tillage direction was observed under conventional soil tillage. Ploughing downhill resulted in much larger dispersal distances than ploughing uphill. In the crops studied, combine harvesters dispersed few Avena spp. seeds, because of the fact that the plants had shed most of their seeds (>90%) before harvest. The percentage of seeds available to be dispersed by the combine was dependent on the harvest time. Although combine harvesting may not contribute much to short‐distance dispersal, it may play an important role in long‐distance dispersal. In our studies, isolated plants were located up to 30 m from the original sources. This small proportion may have a significant effect on the distribution of the weed within a field, acting as foci for new patches.
Modelling interactions between herbicide dose and multiple weed species interference in crop–weed competition
Authors: KIM D S , MARSHALL E J P , CASELEY J C , BRAIN P 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThe effects of a range of herbicide doses on crop–multiple weed competition were investigated. Competitivity of Galium aparine was approximately six times greater than that of Matricaria perforata with no herbicide treatment. Competitivities of both weeds decreased with increasing herbicide dose, being well described by the standard dose–response curve with the competitivity of M. perforata being more sensitive than that of G. aparine to a herbicide mixture, metsulfuron‐methyl and fluroxypyr. A combined model was then developed by incorporating the standard dose–response curve into the multivariate rectangular hyperbola competition model to describe the effects of multiple infestation of G. aparine and M. perforata and the herbicide mixture on crop yield. The model developed in this study was used to predict crop yield and to estimate the herbicide dose required to restrict crop yield loss caused by weeds to an acceptable level. At the acceptable yield loss of 5% and the weed combination of 120 M. perforata plants m−2 and 20 G. aparine plants m−2, the model recommends a mixture of 1.2 g a.i. ha−1 of metsulfuron‐methyl and 120 g a.i. ha−1 of fluroxypyr.
Value of soluble adhesion molecules and plasma coagulation markers in assessing transplant coronary artery disease in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Hilgendorff Anne , Kraemer Ulrike , Afsharian Mehdi , Bauer Juergen , Tillmanns Harald , Kemkes‐Matthes Bettina , Kreuder Jochen , Hoelschermann Hans 
Published: March 2006

Abstract:  Background:  With an increasing number of heart transplantations (HTx) performed in children and an extended long‐term survival of these patients, the importance of transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD) rises in this group of transplant recipients. Reliable serum markers for diagnosis or non‐invasive monitoring of this disease in pediatric transplant recipients are still missing. We studied the systemic expression of adhesion molecules as well as plasma coagulation markers and the occurrence of TCAD and/or rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients.Methods and Results:  The systemic plasma levels of soluble forms of sVCAM‐1 and sICAM‐1, d‐dimer, tissue factor (TF), prothombin fragments F1+2, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were assessed in serial venous blood samples (2–4 per patient) in 50 pediatric transplant recipients children and 63 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐transplanted controls. TCAD and rejection were diagnosed angiographically or by combined histological, echocardiographic, or clinical signs, respectively. Plasma levels of sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1, d‐dimers and prothrombin fragment F1+2 but not TF and TFPI were significantly increased in children following HTx compared with non‐transplanted controls (p<0.001). Among the transplanted patients, sICAM‐1 levels were significantly higher in patients with angiographically detectable TCAD than in patients without evidence of TCAD (p<0.005). Plasma sICAM‐1 levels above a cutoff value of 1500 ng/mL (95.5 percentile of control values) were indicative of the presence of TCAD (odds ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–5.56, p = 0.022; Fisher's exact test). Only d‐dimers were found to be significantly elevated in children with signs of myocardial rejection compared with those without rejection.Conclusions:  Our results suggest that plasma sICAM‐1 and d‐dimer levels may be potentially useful to non‐invasively assess TCAD and rejection, respectively, in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Histological and Histochemical Characterization of the Mucosa of the Digestive Tract in Flower Fish (Pseudophoxınus antalyae)
Authors: ÇInar K. , ŞEnol N. 
Published: February 2006

SummaryThe wall of the digestive tract is composed of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Lamina‐submucosa separation or any glands were not observed in tunica mucosa. Goblet cells were determined to constitute a much larger reserve at digestive tract mucosa. Histochemical analysis of the intestine of flower fish (Pseudophoxinus antalyae) showed that gastrointestinal mucous content included sulphate‐esters and/or carboxylic [Alcian blue (AB) 0.06+], glycogene and/or oxidable dioles [periodic acid/Schiff+ (PAS+)], neutral or acid‐rich (PAS/AB pH 2.5+), sialic acid residues (KOH/PAS) and strong acid sulphated [Aldehyde fuchsin+ (AF+)] glycoproteins (GPs). Except these mucosubstances to lower densities, densely sulphate (AB pH 2.5+), O‐sulphate esters (AB pH 1+) strong and weak sulphated (AB 0.3 M+), GPs were also determined.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of the Lingual Papillae in the European Mole (Talpa europea, L., Talpidae)
Authors: Jackowiak H. 
Published: February 2006

SummaryThe tongue in the adult European mole (Talpa europea L.) was examined by scanning electron microscope. The elongated tongue with a rounded apex is about 12–13 mm in length and 3–4 mm in width. On the apex the shallow median groove is present. On the dorsal surface of the lingual mucosa two types of mechanical papillae and two types of gustatory papillae were observed. Mechanical papillae are represented by numerous filiform papillae with a single process, covering the whole surface of the apex and body of the tongue, and massive conical papillae, found on the root of the tongue. The structure and density of filiform papillae varies in the anterior and posterior part of the tongue. A unique trait of the tongue in the European mole is the occurrence on the apex of the tongue of a single row of conical papillae. Gustatory papillae are represented by numerous fungiform papillae and one pair of vallate papillae. Dome‐shaped fungiform papillae in the anterior part of the tongue are arranged linearly along both margins of the tongue, whereas in the posterior part of the body of the tongue flat fungiform papillae are distributed evenly among filiform papillae. Oval vallate papillae are surrounded by a continuous furrow and a single pad. In the posterior part of the root behind conical papillae the surface of the mucosa is flat with numerous orifices of lingual papillae located there. Observations on the distribution and structure of gustatory papillae in the common mole did not show the existence of special traits, differing them from those in terrestrial insectivores. The comparison of the morphology of the tongue, the distribution and structure of the lingual papillae in the European mole with those in the other species of Insectivores, indicated of a general similarity of features within the family Talpidae.
Brood Parasitism and Nest Takeover in Common Eiders
Authors: Waldeck Peter , Andersson Malte 
Published: March 2006

AbstractConspecific brood parasitism (CBP) is an alternative breeding tactic that occurs in many brood‐tending animals and can have important fitness effects for both host and parasite. We use protein fingerprinting of egg albumen to distinguish the eggs from different females and to estimate the frequency, pattern and tactics of CBP and other forms of mixed maternity in a Hudson Bay population of common eiders (Somateria mollissima sedentaria). Mixed clutches, containing eggs from more than one female, occurred in 31% of the 86 nests studied that progressed to clutch completion. Other females than the host laid 8% of the eggs. In 11 (41%) of the mixed clutches another female laid before the host started laying, corroborating the hypothesis that takeover of nests started by other females accounts for many of the mixed clutches in this population. Our results also indicate that traditional non‐molecular methods of identifying foreign eggs may considerably underestimate the frequency of mixed clutches.
Pediatric anesthesia practice and training in Japan: a survey
Authors: SHIMADA YASUHIRO , NISHIWAKI KIMITOSHI , SATO KOSEI , SATO EICHI , MIYASAKA KATSUYUKI 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground:  Pediatric anesthesia in Japan is in the developing stage. The aim of this study was to review pediatric anesthesia training in Japan and to discuss the future prospects for this field.Methods:  We sent questionnaires to assess current pediatric anesthetic practice and training to all 106 university hospitals [UHs; response rate, 66% (70/106)] and all 17 children's hospitals [CHs; response rate, 87.5% (15/17)] in Japan. We also sent questionnaires to assess attitudes towards pediatric anesthetic training, to all 280 representatives of the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists [JSA; response rate, 57.9% (162/280)].Results:  The hospital survey revealed the number of pediatric anesthesia cases encountered in 15 CHs (25 009 cases) to be almost equivalent to that in 70 UHs (29 031 cases). In 19 of these UHs, there were no newborn surgical cases. Forty‐nine UHs reported that no special training program existed for pediatric anesthesia, and only five UHs mandated training at CHs. Sixty‐six percent of the representative JSA members considered it premature for pediatric anesthesia to become a subspecialty, but 87% considered experience in pediatric anesthesia mandatory for anesthesia board qualification.Conclusions:  This survey revealed that although pediatric anesthesia training is considered mandatory, university hospitals lack adequate numbers of pediatric cases and children's hospitals suffer from a shortage of staff positions and anesthesiologists, and hence are unable to satisfy this demand. Most representative members of our society consider it too early to subspecialize pediatric anesthesia in Japan.
Dexmedetomidine decreases emergence agitation in pediatric patients after sevoflurane anesthesia without surgery
Authors: ISIK BERRIN , ARSLAN MUSTAFA , TUNGA ALPER DOGAN , KURTIPEK OMER 
Published: March 2006

SummaryBackground:  The purpose of the present study was to determine whether prophylactic use of 1 μg·kg−1 dexmedetomidine affected the incidence of emergence agitation (EA) after sevoflurane based anesthesia without surgery in children.Methods:  In a double‐blinded trial, 42 children (ASA I‐II,18 months to 10 years) undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were randomly assigned to receive dexmedetomidine 1 μg·kg−1 iv or placebo after induction of anesthesia. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored. Anesthesia was induced in all patients, irrespective of group, with 8% sevoflurane in 50–50% O2/N2O and maintained with 1.5% sevoflurane in 50/50% O2/N2O. Agitation parameters were assessed with a 5‐point scale and measured every 5 min. Delirium was defined as agitation score of ≥4 for ≥5 min. Anesthesia and procedure times and per‐ and postoperative side effects were recorded.Results:  The HR, MAP, and SpO2, spontaneous arm or leg motion times and purposeful movement times showed no significant differences between the two groups. The time of removing the LMA, and the time of eye opening with verbal stimuli was shorter in group P than the group D (P = 0.007 and P = 0.01). The time of discharge to recovery room and the time of discharge from hospital were similar in the two groups. The mean agitation scores in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than the placebo group except at 30 min (P < 0.0001, P = 0.001, P = 0.002, P = 0.013 and P = 0.001). The incidence of emergence agitation was 47.6% in group P, and 4.8% in group D (P = 0.002).Conclusion:  We concluded that a 1 μg·kg−1 dose of i.v. dexmedetomidine reduces EA after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing MRI.
Test of a Dynamic Stress Model for Organisational Change: Do Males and Females Require Different Models?
Authors: Kohler Jennifer M. , Munz David C. , Grawitch Mathew J. 
Published: February 2006

Cette étude a opérationnalisé et mis à l’épreuve un modèle dynamique du stress adapté au changement organisationnel en tenant compte de l’impact du sexe sur le modèle. L’échantillon était composé de 804 employés de cinq centres médicaux pour anciens combattants. Le modèle, inspiré de celui de Mack, Nelson & Quick (1998) comprenait: l’importance des retombées du changement organisationnel sur le rôle professionnel, les relations et l’environnement de travail, les opportunités, la carrière, l’incertitude et l’évaluation des problèmes à résoudre, le stress perçu et les réactions de contrôle‐évitement. On est parti de l’idée que l’évaluation jouerait un rôle de médiateur entre l’importance du changement et le stress perçu et que les réactions agiraient directement sur les évaluations et le stress perçu. L’analyse en pistes causales confirma le modèle de changement proposé sous réserve de quelques modifications, mais montra que les hommes et les femmes pouvaient revendiquer leur propre modèle. Les différences dues au sexe apparaissent dans la relation entre la perception et l’évaluation du changement; et chaque sexe présente des sources spécifiques de stress. L’évaluation jouait un rôle partiel de médiateur entre l’importance du changement et le stress perçu. Le contrôle de la situation était une stratégie plus pertinente que l’évitement aussi bien pour les hommes que pour les femmes. On réfléchit aux conséquences de ce travail pour les chercheurs et les organisations.The present study operationalised and tested a dynamic stress model for organisational change, including the interaction effect of sex on the model, on 804 employees at five VA medical centers. The model, an adaptation of Mack, Nelson, and Quick's (1998) model included: the amount of organisational change within job role, work relationships, job context, facility, and career; uncertainty and challenge appraisal; perceived stress; and control and avoidance coping. It was proposed that appraisal would act as a mediator between amount of change and perceived stress and that coping would have direct effects on appraisals and perceived stress. Path analyses supported the proposed change model with some modification, but indicated that males and females may require unique models. Sex differences emerged in relationships between perceptions and appraisal of change, and males and females had unique sources of stress. Appraisal acted as a partial mediator between amount of change and perceived stress. Control coping emerged as a more adaptive strategy than avoidance coping for both males and females. Implications for researchers and organisations are discussed.