bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect on bone induction of using contrast media to reconstitute recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an ectopic model in rats
Authors: Zanella John M. , Oliver Colleen , Peckham Steve M. , McKay Bill , Toth Jeffrey M. , Boden Scott D. 
Published: January 2008

Object
In this study the authors tested the osteoinductive potential of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 (rhBMP-2) when combined with each of three commercially available contrast media (Conray, Omniscan, and Optiray).

Methods
Initial in vitro and cadaver tests verified the feasibility of using contrast media to visualize absorbable collagen sponge implants containing rhBMP-2 on fluoroscopic radiographic images. For the feasibility studies, lyophilized rhBMP-2 was prepared for injection by reconstitution with contrast media instead of sterile water. For the in vivo study, samples of an rhBMP-2 stock solution were diluted to 0.1 mg/ml by using three contrast media. In each sample, the final solution consisted of 97% contrast medium by volume. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein–2 diluted with sterile water for injection was used as a positive control. The rhBMP-2 solutions were applied to 0.5-cm3 collagen sponges and implanted subcutaneously on the thoracic cavity of athymic rats. At 4 weeks, the rats were killed, and the implants were removed. The explants were graded for degree of bone formation by using manual palpation and radiographic and histological assessments.

Conclusions
By all methods of evaluation used, rhBMP-2 diluted with Omniscan was equivalent to rhBMP-2 diluted with sterile water in inducing bone formation. Both Conray and Optiray were shown to inhibit the osteoinductive potential of rhBMP-2.
Comparison of polyetheretherketone cages with femoral cortical bone allograft as a single-piece interbody spacer in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Cutler Aaron R. , Siddiqui Saquib , Avinash L. Mohan , Hillard Virany H. , Cerabona Franco , Das Kaushik 
Published: January 2008

Object
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is an accepted alternative to circumferential fusion of the lumbar spine in the treatment of degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, and recurrent disc herniation. To maintain disc height while arthrodesis takes place, the technique requires the use of an interbody spacer. Although titanium cages are used in this capacity, the two most common spacers are polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages and femoral cortical allografts (FCAs). The authors compared the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent TLIF with pedicle screw fixation, in whom either a PEEK cage or an FCA was placed as an interbody spacer.

Methods
The charts and x-ray films obtained in 39 patients (age range 33–68 years, mean 44.7 years) who underwent single-level TLIF between October 2001 and April 2004 and in whom either a PEEK cage (18 patients) or FCA (21 patients) was placed as an interbody spacer were evaluated in a retrospective study. Radiological outcome was based on fusion rate and a comparison of the initial postoperative lordotic angle on standing lateral radiographs with that at long-term follow up (mean follow up 15.1 months, minimum 12 months). To control for variations in radiographic magnification, the authors used lordotic angle as an indirect measure of disc space height. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
There were no major complications in either group. Radiographically documented fusion occurred in all patients in the PEEK group and 95.2% of those in the FCA group. Pseudarthrosis developed in one patient in the FCA group, and this patient underwent additional surgery. In both groups, the mean lordotic angle changed by less than 2.20° during the postoperative period, and the mean postoperative ODI score was more than 40 points lower than the mean preoperative score. There was no significant difference between the two groups in mean change in lordotic angle (p = 0.415) and mean change in ODI score (p = 0.491).

Conclusions
Both PEEK cages and FCAs are highly effective in promoting interbody fusion, maintaining postoperative disc space height, and achieving desirable clinical outcomes in patients who undergo TLIF with pedicle screw fixation. The advantages of PEEK cages include a lower incidence of subsidence and their radiolucency, which permits easier visualization of bone growth.
Gene transfer of insulin-like growth factor–I providing neuroprotection after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Hung Kuo-Sheng , Tsai Shin-Han , Lee Tao-Chen , Lin Jia-Wei , Chang Cheng-Kuei , Chiu Wen-Ta 
Published: January 2008

Object
Insulin-like growth factor–I (IGF-I) has been shown to be a potent neurotrophic factor that promotes the growth of projection neurons, dendritic arborization, and synaptogenesis. Its neuroprotective roles may be coordinated by activation of Akt, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase–3β (GSK-3β), and thus inhibition of tau phos-phorylation. The authors investigated the role and mechanism of IGF-I gene transfer after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Studies were performed in 40 male Sprague–Dawley rats after spinal cord hemisection. The authors conducted hydrodynamics-based gene transfection in which an IGF-I plasmid was rapidly injected into the rat’s tail vein 30 minutes after SCI. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: Group I, sham operated; Group II, SCI treated with pCMV–IGF-I gene; Group III, SCI treated with vehicle pCMV–LacZ gene; and Group IV, SCI only. The results showed that IGF-I gene transfer promoted motor recovery, antiinflammatory responses, and anti-apoptotic effects after SCI. Using techniques of Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the authors assessed the mechanism of IGF-I gene transfer after SCI in terms of activation of Akt, inhibition of GSK-3β, attenuation of p35, and inhibition of tau phosphorylation. Moreover, they found that IGF-I gene transfer could block caspase-9 cleavage, increase Bcl-2 formation, and thus inhibit apoptosis after SCI.

Conclusions
The intravenous administration of IGF-I after SCI activated Akt, attenuated GSK-3β, inhibited p35 activation, diminished tau hyperphosphorylation, ended microglia and astrocyte activation, inhibited neuron loss, and significantly improved neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, IGF-I attenuated caspase-9 cleavage, increased Bcl2, and thus inhibited apoptosis after SCI.
Upper cervical myelopathy due to arachnoiditis and spinal cord tethering from adjacent C-2 osteomyelitis
Authors: Rajpal Sharad , Chanbusarakum Krisada , Deshmukh Praveen R. 
Published: January 2008

✓Myelopathy caused by a spinal cord infection is typically related to an adjacent compressive lesion such as an epidural abscess. The authors report a case of progressive high cervical myelopathy from spinal cord tethering caused by arachnoiditis related to an adjacent C-2 osteomyelitis.This 70-year-old woman initially presented with a methicillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureusosteomyelitis involving the C-2 odontoid process. She was treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy but, over the course of 4 weeks, she developed progressive quadriparesis. A magnetic resonance image revealed near-complete resolution of the C-2 osteomyelitis, but new ventral tethering of the cord was observed at the level of the odontoid tip. She subsequently underwent open surgical decompression and cord detethering. Postoperatively she experienced improvement in her symptoms and deficits, which continued to improve 1 year after her surgery.To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of progressive upper cervical myelopathy due to arachnoiditis and cord tethering from an adjacent methicillin-sensitiveS. aureusC-2 osteomyelitis.
Calcific retropharyngeal tendinitis: a frequently missed diagnosis
Authors: Jiménez Sara , Millán José M. 
Published: January 2008

✓Neck pain is a common presentation in emergency departments that requires the exclusion of serious underlying pathological entities. Acute calcific retropharyngeal tendinitis is a rare and underrecognized cause of atraumatic neck pain and stiffness.
Although this entity has been reported previously, it is often poorly recognized and is often confused with other more serious lesions, such as infectious, traumatic, and neoplastic conditions. Clinically, it can be very difficult to distinguish from these three disorders, and a definitive diagnosis can only be established using imaging studies.
A knowledge of the characteristic clinical spectrum and, most importantly, its imaging features is crucial for making the correct diagnosis of this uncommon cause of neck pain. The authors present their experience with one case to highlight the characteristic findings of this disorder on plain radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
Influence of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogels on neurite outgrowth and recovery from spinal cord injury
Authors: Horn Eric M. , Beaumont Michael , Shu Xiao Zheng , Harvey Adrian , Prestwich Glenn D. , Horn Kris M. , Gibson Alan R. , Preul Mark C. , Panitch Alyssa 
Published: January 2008

Object
Therapies that use bioactive materials as replacement extracellular matrices may hold the potential to mitigate the inhibition of regeneration observed after central nervous system trauma. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan ubiquitous in all tissues, was investigated as a potential neural tissue engineering matrix.

Methods
Chick dorsal root ganglia were cultured in 3D hydrogel matrices composed of cross-linked thiol-modified HA or fibrin. Samples were cultured and images were acquired at 48-, 60-, and 192-hour time points. Images of all samples were analyzed at 48 hours of incubation to quantify the extent of neurite growth. Cultures in cross-linked thiolated HA exhibited more than a 50% increase in neurite length compared with fibrin samples. Furthermore, cross-linked thiolated HA supported neurites for the entire duration of the culture period, whereas fibrin cultures exhibited collapsed and degenerating extensions beyond 60 hours.
Two concentrations of the thiolated HA (0.5 and 1%) were then placed at the site of a complete thoracic spinal cord transection in rats. The ability of the polymer to promote regeneration was tested using motor evoked potentials, retrograde axonal labeling, and behavioral assessments. There were no differences in any of the parameters between rats treated with the polymer and controls.

Conclusions
The use of a cross-linked HA scaffold promoted robust neurite outgrowth. Although there was no benefit from the polymer in a rodent spinal cord injury model, the findings in this study represent an early step in the development of semisynthetic extracellular matrice scaffolds for the treatment of neuronal injury.
Return of normal urological and neurological function after revision surgery for spondyloptosis
Authors: Jones-Quaidoo Sean M. , Hunt Travis , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Arlet Vincent 
Published: January 2008

✓ The authors report on the return of neurological and urological function in an adolescent after revision surgery for spondyloptosis 5 years after the index procedure for high-grade spondylolisthesis. This 16-year-old girl with Grade 3 spondylolisthesis was initially treated with a posterolateral reduction and fusion. Following surgery, cauda equina syndrome symptoms developed and did not resolve despite subsequent surgical decompression. Five years later, because of worsening radicular pain, an inability to walk for significant distances, and no resolution of persistent bladder dysfunction, the patient presented with spondyloptosis.
Posterior decompression, sacral dome osteotomy, and posterior reduction were performed and followed 3 days later with the placement of an anterior fibula autograft. Her bladder function recovered within 6 months, and at the 18-month follow up the patient reported a normal ability to ambulate.
Selective treatment of an anterior spinal artery aneurysm with endosaccular coil therapy
Authors: Lavoie Pascale , Raymond Jean , Roy Daniel , Guilbert François , Weill Alain 
Published: January 2008

✓The authors report the case of a 12-year-old boy with spinal cord arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and an associated anterior spinal artery (ASA) aneurysm treated with selective coil placement in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
The patient presented with headache. Head computed tomography scanning revealed no abnormal findings. The cerebrospinal fluid was sampled and analyzed and a diagnosis of SAH was established. Investigation, including magnetic resonance imaging of the cord as well as cerebral and spinal angiography, revealed a conus medullaris AVM and a saccular aneurysm located on the ASA at the T-11 level. The aneurysm was thought to be responsible for the bleeding.
Superselective ASA angiography showed that the aneurysm was at the bifurcation between a large coronal artery supplying the AVM and the ASA. The relation of the aneurysm's neck to the main spinal axis and the aneurysm's morphological features indicated that the lesion was suited for endosaccular coil therapy. The aneurysm was selectively occluded, using electrodetachable bare platinum coils. Follow-up angiography immediately after surgery and at 6 months thereafter demonstrated complete occlusion of the aneurysm and a perfectly patent anterior spinal axis. On clinical follow-up examination, the patient remained neurologically intact.
When the morphological features of a spinal aneurysm and its relation with the anterior spinal axis are favorable, selective endosaccular coil placement can successfully be achieved.
Diathermy testing: a novel method with electric knife stimulation to avoid nerve injuries during lumbar pedicle screw placement
Authors: Yamazaki Takashi , Matsudaira Ko 
Published: January 2008

✓ The purpose of this retrospective study was to demonstrate the utility of diathermy in avoiding nerve injuries due to misplacement of lumbar pedicle screws (PSs).
The authors used diathermy to assess whether a screw deviated from the pedicle by observing synchronous leg movements caused by intermittently touching an electric knife to the pedicular instrument. Diathermy was performed in 259 cases in which 1301 PSs had been placed. Leg movements were observed in 36 cases, and the sensitivity of diathermy was 85.7%, with a specificity of 99.5%. No neurological complications associated with the placement of PSs were observed after adding diathermy testing to conventional methods.
Diathermy testing may be a way to avoid nerve injuries during lumbar PS placement.
Unilateral multilevel interlaminar fenestration instead of laminectomy or hemilaminectomy: an alternative surgical approach to intraspinal space-occupying lesions
Authors: Koch-Wiewrodt Dorothee , Wagner Wolfgang , Perneczky Axel 
Published: January 2008

✓Laminectomy is the most conventional dorsal approach to intraspinal space-occupying lesions and may result in gradually increasing instability or deformity of the vertebral column. Less invasive procedures such as hemilaminectomy and osteoplastic laminotomy have been described by other authors, but an approach that interferes with spinal stability to an even lesser extent seems desirable.In an attempt to further reduce the need for bone removal, the authors used interlaminar fenestration (mostly unilateral) at one or more spinal levels to remove intramedullary, extramedullary, or extradural lesions, and even some lesions that extended over several spine segments. The authors present their experiences with this surgical approach in 78 patients harboring different intraspinal lesions. Up to 16 segments were fenestrated in one patient. Complete removal of the lesion was possible in most patients, and no postoperative spinal instabilities were observed in up to 8 years of follow up. Multilevel interlaminar fenestration, also called “multiple spinal keyhole surgery,” is a feasible, safe, and effective approach to intraspinal lesions.
Accepting Father Rhine? Technological Fixes, Vigilance, and Transnational Lobbies as 'European' Strategies of Dutch Municipal Water Supplies 1900-1975
Authors: Disco Cornelis 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Downstream users of river water (e.g. municipal waterworks) always face the problem of controlling the behaviour of upstream polluters. In the case of an international river like the Rhine this is exacerbated when there are no international arrangements constraining upstream polluters. This demands flexibility and creativity from downstream waterworks. In this article I describe the repertoires developed by the municipal waterworks of two large Dutch cities, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Two main repertoires are visible: 1) 'coping' by means of technical fixes and vigilance and 2) 'transnational technopolitics' aimed at institutionalising regulatory regimes to curb pollution. Rotterdam, totally dependent on Rhine water, emphasised 'coping' on a day to day basis, placing its trust on technologies of purification and vigilance. Amsterdam, using dune and lake water though envisioning future use of Rhine water, pursued a long-term strategy aimed at improving the purity of the Rhine's waters - including extensive longitudinal pollution measurements and transnational technopolitics. During the 1950s, the Amsterdam waterworks played a major role in forging international links among waterworks along the Rhine culminating in a sectoral organisation of Rhine Waterworks. This was one of the foundation stones on which the riparian nations were gradually able to build an effective regime for pollution control.
Empire, Environment and Religion: God and the Natural World in Nineteenth-Century New Zealand
Authors: Beattie James , Stenhouse John 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This article, using colonial New Zealand as a case-study, and integrating environment, empire and religion into a single analytic framework, contends that Christian and environmental discourses interpenetrated and interacted in irreducibly complex ways during the long nineteenth century. Many of the colony's mostly Protestant settlers interpreted the book of Genesis as giving them responsibility to 'subdue and replenish' the natural world; dominion theology played an important role in legitimising the improvement projects integral to settler capitalism whose consequences have aroused ambivalence from many modern scholars. Yet some, perhaps many, colonists also believed that they had a duty to take care of the land and its creatures even while transforming it. A commitment to large-scale environmental change could and often did co-exist with interest in and respect for nature. When the unexpected and unwanted consequences of environmental transformation became apparent, as they did shortly after the beginning of organised settlement, concerned Protestant community leaders deployed Christian discourse, biblical images and Protestant ethics along with utilitarian and scientific arguments to mobilise environmental concern and a conservationist conscience.
Most, the Town that Moved: Coal, Communists and the 'Gypsy Question' in Post-War Czechoslovakia
Authors: Glassheim Eagle 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
As Czechoslovakia's communist planners continually increased norms for power and coal production in the 1950s through 1970s, the sprawling surface mines of the north Bohemian brown coal basin expanded voraciously, swallowing 116 villages and parts of several larger cities by 1980. Infamously, the entire historic centre of Most was obliterated in order to expose over 85 million tons of coal. Planners envisioned a new city of Most as a model of socialist modernity. Deriding Most's old town as a decaying capitalist relic, officials lauded New Most's spacious and efficient prefabricated high-rises. Adding to the contrast, the majority of Old Most's remaining inhabitants by 1970 were Roma (Gypsies). For communists, the Roma evoked an old order of segregation, class oppression and bad hygiene. By relocating Roma to modern housing, they could 'liquidate once and for all the Gypsy problem'. This article examines the rhetorics of modernity employed as communists sought to 'solve' intertwined coal, gypsy and housing 'problems' in the city of Most. At the crossroads of several related modernising projects in the twentieth century, Most provides insight into connections between ethnic cleansing, social and environmental engineering and urban planning.
Science, Environment and Empire History: Comparative Perspectives from Forests in Colonial India
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan K. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Books reviewed in this essay: Arun Agrawal Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects. (New Ecologies for the Twenty-first Century) Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2005. $22.95. xvi + 325pp. Peder Anker Imperial Ecology: Environmental Order in the British Empire, 1895-1945 Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2001. $67.00. vii + 343pp. David Arnold The Tropics and the Traveling Gaze: India, Landscape and Science, 1800-1856. (Culture, Place, and Nature) Seattle: University of Washington Press. 2006. $50.00. xiv + 298pp. Gregory A. Barton Empire Forestry and the Origins of Environmentalism (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography, 34) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002. $65.00. xiii + 192pp. Richard Drayton Nature's Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the 'Improvement' of the World New Haven: Yale University Press. 2000. $50.00. xxi + 346pp. S. Ravi Rajan Modernizing Nature: Forestry and Imperial Eco-Development, 1800-1950 (Oxford Historical Monographs) Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2006. $105.00. xv + 286pp.
Urbanism Without Density
Authors: Segal Rafi , Verbakel Els 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe predominance of sprawling, low‐density urban environments throughout the world begs the question: What constitutes a city? Such environments also require us to rethink public space, traditionally at the core of city centres. Rafi Segal and Els Verbakel outline the challenges and opportunities that cities of dispersal raise. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Public and the V2
Authors: Robbins Bruce 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe London Blitz has come to epitomise the golden age of urban togetherness and bonhomie when the public was bound by a common enemy threat. Through his reading of Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow, literary critic Bruce Robbins questions the archetypal view of the Second World War as a watershed after which the ideal intact city and its community were ultimately destroyed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral Landscapes, El Caracol, Mexico City
Authors: Castillo Jose 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn Mexico City, unplanned illegal development exists cheek by jowl with developer‐driven housing. Jose Castillo of arquitectura 911sc explains how the practice's project for New Caracol provides leisure facilities and open space that afford opportunities for social and cultural exchange between the two different communities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User‐Focused Public Space(M)UTOPIA in Denmark
Authors: Cornea Serban 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Danish practice MUTOPIA brings to public space a strong sense of delight and playfulness, while demonstrating an overriding concern with the end user. As Serban Cornea of MUTOPIA explains, a temporary plaza for the extensive development of Orestad Nord in Copenhagen aims ‘to speed up the process of creating the area's own identity’, while the practice's housing for Lyngby‐Taarb'k, Hovedstaden, audaciously puts the ‘garden’ back into the ‘garden suburb’ by relocating the transport infrastructure to the rooftops. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mur Island, Graz, Austria
Authors: Acconci Vito 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe New York artist Vito Acconci has chosen to work through architecture, seeing the potential of it as a medium to engage ‘the public with the world around them’. He explains why he believes the location of his highly successful cultural centre for Mur Island, Graz, in Austria missed the opportunity to rejuvenate areas of the city beyond the historic core. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.