bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional, Functional, Microbiological and Organoleptic Properties of Breakfast Cereals Formulated from Maize, Soybean and Carrot Flour Blends
Authors: J. I. Okoye, , O. C Ebeh, , S. I Eze, 
Published: February 2025

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutrient composition, functional, microbiological and sensory properties of breakfast cereals formulated from flour blends of maize, soybean and carrot. Each sample of the flours was used at varying replacement levels (5-25%) to complement the malted maize flour in the production of breakfast cereals with breakfast cereal produced from 100% malted maize flour as control. The nutrient composition, functional, microbial and sensory properties of the breakfast cereals were determined using standard methods. The proximate composition of the samples showed that the moisture, crude protein, fat, ash and crude fibre contents of the breakfast cereals increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased substitution of soybean and carrot flours. The mineral composition of the samples showed that the calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and zinc contents of the samples also increased with increase in addition of soybean and carrot flours. The vitamin composition showed that the ascorbic acid, niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin A and folic acid contents of the samples ranged from 22.19-71.61mg/100g, 62.73-120.32mg/100g, 4.36-5.57mg/100g, 5.37-6.51mg/100g, 18.62-78.75mg/100g and 3.02-3.81mg/ 100g, respectively. Result showed that the vitamin contents of the samples increased with increased substitution of soybean and carrot flours. The microbial counts of the breakfast cereal products showed that the total viable count of the samples ranged from 0.42 × 104-1.14 × 104 cfu/g, while the coliform and fungal counts were nil. The functional properties (bulk density, water absorption capacity, solubility index, gelation capacity, swelling capacity and oil absorption capacity) of the samples increased significantly (p<0.05) with increased substitution of soybean and carrot flours from 1.24-1.37 g/cm3, 35.14-93.34 ml/g, 48.76-91.67 %, 42.42-71.15 g/g, 4.77-9.15 g/g and 1.41-5.81 g/g, respectively. The sensory properties of the samples showed that the porridge prepared from the breakfast cereal made with 100% malted maize flour was the most acceptable by the judges and also differed significantly (p<0.05) in colour, texture, taste and aroma from composite flour breakfast cereals. Although the porridge made from the control sample was organoleptically most acceptable, the porridges prepared from the formulated breakfast cereal samples were also rated high in all the sensory attributes evaluated by the judges. The study, however, showed that the nutrient contents and functional properties of maize-based breakfast cereals could be improved by substituting the maize flour with soybean and carrot flours at varied proportions in preparation of the breakfast cereal products.
Relationship Between Bullshit, Cognitive Skills, and Belief Systems: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Sepúlveda‐Páez Geraldy , Leiva‐Bianchi Marcelo , Ferrer‐Urbina Rodrigo , Escudero‐Pastén Javier , Salas Fabiola 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBullshit—verbal statements with little or no concern for the truth—has sparked a growing interest in individual traits, with an increase in the number of studies aimed at understanding why people are more receptive to this type of false information. This review seeks to identify variables associated with bullshit receptivity. To this end, a meta‐analysis was conducted using two databases (Web of Science and Scopus). From 451 articles reviewed, those that met the inclusion criteria were included in 12 meta‐analyses. The results (k = 46) confirmed direct associations between bullshit receptivity and factors such as motivational quotes, mundane statements, confabulations, conspiracy mentality, religious and paranormal beliefs, and/or faith in intuition. Additionally, receptivity was indirectly associated with cognitive reflection tests, verbal intelligence, and numerical abilities. These findings offer a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and identify key variables that could help mitigate bullshit receptivity.
Bone Implants with Promoted Antibacterial and Osteointegration Performances via a One‐Step Surface‐Bioactivation Strategy Based on Polyphenol‐Amine Chemistry
Authors: Xu Chi , Sun Meizhou , Lv Shuai , Liu Xuanzhi , Zhao Nana , Li Yang , Duan Shun , Xu Fu‐Jian , Geng Wei , Sun Yujie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractImplant‐associated infections are the most critical threat to orthopedic surgeries. Various surface‐modification strategies are developed to impart antibacterial properties and osteogenesis‐promoting abilities to the surfaces of implants. Nevertheless, a straightforward strategy for constructing a functional, stable, bioactive implant surface remains challenging. Here, a facile one‐step surface‐bioactivation method is developed that enhances both the anti‐infection capabilities and osteointegration performance of implants. This approach utilized a kind of coating that integrates antibacterial agents and osteogenesis‐promoting components directly onto the surface of titanium implants. The cationic antibacterial agent and the bone‐adhesion‐enhancing peptide are covalently attached via a Michael reaction to poly (tannic acid) (PTA) to create dual‐functional implants (Ti‐PR). The Ti‐PR surface effectively eliminated more than 99% of the common pathogenic bacteria and significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. The cell‐bacteria competitive culture assay on the Ti‐PR surface confirms its bactericidal and cell proliferation‐promoting properties. Additionally, RNA‐Seq analysis indicated that PI3K/Akt pathways played a crucial role in enhancing osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The superior anti‐infection and osteogenesis performances are confirmed in an implant‐related bone infection model in vivo. This study provided an efficient one‐step strategy for the design and production of innovative multifunctional implants.
Embedding Pure‐Phase Fe3C Functional Sites Into Biochar Matrix for Multi‐Scenario Electrocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis and Energy Conversion Utilization
Authors: Liu Yuelong , Bai Rui , Feng Yijing , Wang Haijian , Ye Qiao , Li Cuiyu , Zhao Yan , Zhou Yingtang , Hu Guangzhi , Zhao Xue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rational design and development of application‐oriented advanced functional catalysts is crucial for facilitating the conversion of nitrogen oxides into high‐value ammonia. Herein, biomass derived from the pomelo peel, which is rich in metal complex groups and exhibits a metallic foam‐like framework, is utilized as a precursor. Iron carbide (Fe3C) active sites are incorporated into the locally 2D, and globally 3D biochar structure, enabling the multi‐scenario green synthesis of ammonia and integrated energy utilization. As a catalyst, Fe3C‐BC achieved an ammonia yield rate of up to 102120.53 µg h⁻¹ mgcat⁻¹, with a maximum ammonia selectivity of 100%. A flow‐based electrolysis system featuring Fe3C‐BC not only facilitated the continuous synthesis of ammonia but also enhanced solar energy harvesting. Additionally, a nitrate battery employing Fe3C‐BC as the anode exhibited high energy output and enabled self‐driven ammonia synthesis, offering novel insights and operational solutions for the future of green ammonia production. Density‐functional‐theory calculations confirmed that Fe3C actively reduces the energy barrier of key steps in the eNitRR process while accelerating water dissociation to promote sustained proton supply. These findings collectively provide a promising foundation for advancing the green synthesis of ammonia, emphasizing both efficient catalytic performance and sustainable energy integration.
Organic Electrochemical Transistor Channel Materials: Copolymerization Versus Physical Mixing of Glycolated and Alkoxylated Polymers
Authors: Bynens Lize , Zhang Kaishuai , Cavassin Priscila , Goossens Arwin , Vanderspikken Jochen , Castillo Tania C. H. , Tsokkou Demetra , Marks Adam , Magni Arianna , Weaver Karrie , Lutsen Laurence , Inal Sahika , Vandewal Koen , Banerji Natalie , Maes Wouter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) feature a polymer channel capable of conducting both ions and electronic charges. The choice of the channel material is critical for OECT performance. Many efforts have focused on improving performance via the chemical tunability of conjugated polymers – through backbone, side chain, and molar mass engineering – leading to useful design principles for accumulation‐mode OECT materials. However, tuning the chemical structure of conjugated polymers often requires time‐consuming optimization of the synthesis route. Meanwhile, variations in molar mass, dispersity, structural defects, and metal content present challenges when attempting to analyze the detailed effects of structural modifications, as multiple performance‐determining factors are often (unintentionally) changed at the same time. Therefore, this study explores blended channel materials obtained by physically mixing glycolated and alkoxylated polymers in different ratios, and compares their OECT performance with the corresponding statistical copolymers. It is shown that mixing two well‐performing materials creates blends that enable rational tuning of the transistor properties without compromising on performance. Thus, channels based on blends of alkoxylated and glycolated polymers hold promise for OECT technology with tailored response, as only two materials are needed to achieve any desired side chain ratio, simplifying the optimization of OECT characteristics.
Research on the Mechanism of Space Charge Layer in Gel Electrolyte: Synergistic Effects of PFPE Networks and Li₂O
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Ma Kanghou , Zhao Yu , Wang Sunfa , Zhang Ge , Wang Chen , Zhou Fangshuo , Zhang Yaohui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe increasing demand for energy in portable electronics and electric vehicles has highlighted the necessity for lithium‐ion batteries that offer high energy density, safety, and long cycle life. To address this challenge, this study introduces a novel gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)‐perfluoropolyether methacrylate (PH‐PFPE) 3D network structure, integrated with lithium oxide (Li₂O) fillers that form a space charge layer (SCL). Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) utilizing this new gel electrolyte demonstrate exceptional rate performance across a broad current density range (0.2 to 4 C) and retain 95.64% of their capacity after 1500 cycles at 3 C. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and interfacial properties of both the electrode materials and gel electrolytes. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations reveal the molecular‐level synergistic effect between the polymer and fillers, which significantly enhances lithium‐ion transport.
Hierarchical Carbon‐Based Electrocatalyst with Functional Separation Properties for Efficient pH Universal Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Zhao Linjie , Shen Yuanqing , Peng Weihua , Mao Baoguang , Hou Jianhua , Wang Dan , Chen Xiaochun , Dai Yao , Zhang Canjie , Hu Chuangang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (eNO3−RR) to ammonia (NH3) across varying pH is of great significance for the treatment of practical wastewater containing nitrate. However, developing highly active and stable catalysts that function effectively in a wide pH range remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a hierarchical carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalyst (C‐MFEC) of winged carbon coaxial nanocables (W‐CCNs, in situ generated graphene nanosheets and outside carbon layer with abundant topological defects from pristine carbon nanotubes, CNTs), is prepared through moderate oxidation of CNTs and the subsequent introduction of topological defects. The W‐CCNs feature functional separation properties, with an inner core of pristine CNTs that facilitates efficient charge transfer, while the outer shell is composed of in situ generated graphene nanosheets and carbon layers enriched with topological defects characterized by distinct carbon atom configurations, which play a crucial role in promoting the adsorption of NO3−, the dissociation of water, and the N─H bond formation. This innovative design enables the C‐MFEC to exhibit outstanding performance for eNO3−RR, operating efficiently with the NH3 yield rates of 49.5, 75.3, and 88.1 g h−1 gcat.−1 in acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, respectively. Such performance metrics not only outshine C‐MFECs but also rival or surpass those of certain metal‐based catalysts.
Carbon Surface Chemistry: Benchmark for the Analysis of Oxygen Functionalities on Carbon Materials
Authors: Dang Yuying , Liu Yumeng , Xiang Pan , Tan Zhengwen , Tian Ziqi , Greiner Mark , Heumann Saskia , Ding Yuxiao , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe explicit roles of the hardly avoidable oxygen species on carbon materials in various fields remain contentious due to the limitations of characterization techniques, which lead to a lack of fundamental understanding of carbon surface chemistry. This study delves exhaustively into the comprehension of the features of different oxygen‐modified carbons through the dynamic evolution of surficial oxygen functional groups. Significant differences of thermal stability and electronic properties among various oxygen species are elucidated via in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, providing a reliable benchmark for identifying oxygen functional groups on carbon materials. The chemical properties of the carbon materials are simultaneously investigated to show the influence of the oxygen functional groups on carbon structures, redox stability, and scalable metal adsorption. These findings not only consider the common misconception that oxygen species produced under various conditions possess identical properties but also raise awareness of understanding carbon surface chemistry in the atomic level.
Research Progress of Intelligent Anti‐Corrosion Coatings and Their Healing Agents
Authors: Liu Sudan , Zhao Changyong , Huang Hualiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetals are prone to corrosion, so the development of efficient intelligent protective coatings has become a major demand. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings field. Intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings can precisely release the required healing agents or change the solid–liquid phase transition of the coatings in response to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, and redox, achieving intelligent anti‐corrosion. This review summarized the classifications of anti‐corrosion coatings, discussed the triggering response mechanisms of intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings, and explored corrosion inhibitors as healing agents for intelligent anti‐corrosion coatings, aiming to provide a reference for further development.
Small Singlet–Triplet Gap Terpolymer Donor with a Simple Pt Complex Enables Organic Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss and Over 19.2% Efficiency
Authors: Luo Dou , Zhang Lifu , Li Lanqing , Dai Tingting , Zhou Erjun , Quan Mao , Zhang Hongyang , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSuppressing the non‐radiative loss in the organic solar cells (OSCs) through molecular design remains a significant challenge. Typically, triplet state of organic semiconductors is lower than the charge transfer (CT) state, contributing to substantial non‐radiative loss via the triplet state. Herein, a set of terpolymers is prepared by introducing a simple Pt complex block into the PM6 polymer backbone. These metalated terpolymers exhibit high triplet energy (ET1) and small singlet–triplet energy gap (∆EST), facilitating fast intersystem crossing (ISC) process to generate triplet excitons. Consequently, the metalated terpolymers show enhanced exciton lifetime and diffusion length, and most importantly, effectively suppress the non‐radiative recombination via terminal triplet loss channels. Moreover, the Pt complex modifies the molecular aggregation of the polymer, hence optimizing the morphology of the active blends. The PM6‐Pt1:L8‐BO devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.54% (certified as 18.32%), the highest reported for metalated terpolymers to date. The PCE is further increased to a record high 19.24% in the PM6‐Pt1:PM6:L8‐BO (0.8:0.2:1.2, wt/wt/wt) ternary devices. Overall, this work provides a feasible approach to designing terpolymers with high ET1, thereby reducing non‐radiative loss in the OSCs.
Localized Alkaline Microenvironments Enhanced upon Tip Effects for Efficient Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Chen Junrong , Liu Hao , Wang Yanjing , Wang Shang , Liu Yang‐Yu , Fu Zhujun , Shi Hao , Sun Tong , Xu Yuanhong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe electrochemical disinfection mechanism primarily relies on a high‐voltage pulsed electric field and electrocatalytic generation of highly oxidative radicals but suffers from shortcomings of either high voltages (dozens of kV) or significant gas supply. This study proposes an in situ electrocatalytic sterilization strategy that forms localized alkaline microenvironments in neutral electrolytes under a constant current of −12 mA at a relatively lower voltage (−0.5 V vs. RHE). The nanowire cathode surface can effectively adsorb hydronium ions (H3O+) from the solution during H2 evolution, leading to a rapid increase in hydroxide ions (OH−) concentration in the surrounding solution. This leads to a high diffusion zone of OH−, creating a localized alkaline microenvironment. Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and finite element analysis (FEA) reveal that the nanowire‐derived tip‐enhanced effect significantly enhances OH− accumulation around the cathode, effectively inactivating Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 107 CFU/mL within 3 minutes at −0.5 V. The resulting increase in OH− concentration drives rapid sterilization by inhibiting bacterial ATP synthesis and inducing oxidative stress. This method can efficiently inactivate microorganisms in a short time, while having minimal impact on the overall pH of the environment, making it a safe and environmentally friendly approach.
Creation of Dopant‐Plasmon Synergism in Double Perovskites for Bias‐free Photoelectrochemical Synthesis of Bromohydrins and Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Linqian , Luo Qiang , Wang Yifan , Zhang Xueli , Wen Yating , Wang Ning , AlShahrani Thamraa , Ma Shengqian 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe integration of photoexcited charge carriers into the synthesis of valuable chemicals offers substantial sustainability benefits, particularly by replacing toxic and costly oxidants and reductants typically used in conventional processes. The efficiency of such transformations is fundamentally governed by the ability to optimize light absorption and charge carrier dynamics within photoelectrodes/photocatalysts. Herein, we present a Cu+/Cu2+‐substituted double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 photoanode, embedded with plasmonic Ag nanoparticles, for bias‐free photoelectrochemical production of bromohydrins and H2O2. Spectroscopic analyses, coupled with three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, demonstrate that the inclusion of Ag nanoparticles significantly enhances electromagnetic energy utilization and improves carrier separation efficiency. The synergistic effect of the Cu2+ and Ag nanoparticles results in a 7‐fold increase in the yield of 2‐bromo‐1‐phenylethanol, compared to pristine Cs2AgBiBr6, alongside an impressive H2O2 productivity of 25.8 μmol h−1 cm−2. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the Cu2+ substitution strengthens Br− adsorption and oxidation, promoting the bromohydroxylation of alkenes via electrophilic addition in the bulk solution. These findings offer critical insights into the design of advanced metal halide perovskites for sustainable and solar‐driven chemical transformations.
A Highly Selective and Versatile Probe Platform for Visualization of Monoacylglycerol Lipase
Authors: Hentsch Axel , Guberman Mónica , Radetzki Silke , Kaushik Sofia , Huizenga Mirjam , Paul Jerome , Schippers Maria , Benz Jörg , Kuhn Bernd , Heer Dominik , Topp Andreas , Esteves Gloria Ludivine , Walter Alexander , Hochstrasser Remo , Wittwer Matthias B. , von Kries Jens Peter , Collin Ludovic , Blaising Julie , van der Stelt Mario , Lipstein Noa , Grether Uwe , Nazaré Marc 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMonoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme for signal termination in the endocannabinoid system (ECS). MAGL inhibition results in indirect activation of the cannabinoid receptors, which offers unique advantages for the treatment of, e.g., multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders. Molecular imaging techniques are valuable tools to overcome the current poor understanding of MAGL's distribution and role in patho‐ and physiological processes within ECS signaling. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and validation of highly selective versatile fluorescent and click‐chemistry probes for MAGL. Structure‐based design combined with a reverse‐design approach allowed the development of a structural unit that selectively and effectively recognizes MAGL while offering a versatile platform to attach different fluorophores and further reporter units. In this way, labeled probes with sub‐nanomolar potency carrying diverse fluorescent dyes were obtained. Probe affinity and selectivity remained invariant to changes in the fluorophore subunit, showing the remarkable robustness of this platform in delivering tailor‐made probes. Highly consistent inhibition across species supports pharmacological model translatability. Extensive profiling and validation in various cellular systems shows the ability of these highly potent and selective probes to elucidate the complex role of MAGL in ECS cellular signaling, inflammatory processes, and disease progression.
Conformationally Stable and Sterically Hindered Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐1,3‐diammonium Modification of FAPbI3 Enhances the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Ming , Zhang Jing , Cai Yaohang , Pfeifer Lukas , Mu Yanfei , Yuan Yi , Zhang Min , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael , Wang Peng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSolution‐processed α‐FAPbI3 perovskite films frequently exhibit structural defects and impurities that impede the durable operation of solar cells. In this study, we introduced a conformationally stable, sterically bulky molecular passivator, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane‐1,3‐diammonium iodide (BCPDAI), by spin‐coating from an isopropanol solution onto the perovskite film surface, followed by thermal annealing. This treatment effectively converted PbI2 and δ‐FAPbI3 into a two‐dimensional perovskite structure and significantly enhanced the crystal quality of α‐FAPbI3. The BCPDAI‐treated perovskite films exhibited smoother surface morphology and reduced trap densities for charge carriers, leading to improved power conversion efficiency in the solar cells. Notably, the BCPDAI‐modified perovskite films provided the solar cells with enhanced operational stability. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the high positive charge density of BCPDA2+ confers greater binding energy at the perovskite surface and elevates the diffusion activation energy of the iodide anion.