bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved accuracy when screening for human growth disorders by likelihood ratios
Authors: van Buuren Stef 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe standard deviation score (SDS) is a powerful tool for screening for growth‐related problems. However, referral rules of the type ‘if SDS(Y)<d, then refer’ (for some constant d) are not optimal for answering the question: ‘Does this child with measurement Y belong to the reference or to the diseased population?’. If the growth standard for the diseased population is known, then the likelihood ratio (LR) and the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) can be calculated for individual measurements. Rules of the type ‘if LLR(Y)<e, then refer’ are uniformly the most powerful test for any constant e, implying that their receiver operating characteristic curves are above those for all other possible tests based on Y. As an empirical demonstration, both types of rules are applied to longitudinal growth data comparing a group with diagnosed Turner syndrome and a reference group from birth to 10 years of age. Conforming with theory, the LR rules were found to be superior to the SDS rules in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We conclude that the LR is the natural measure for two‐group studies that can be easily calculated for individual measurements. The LR is firmly
rooted within both statistical and decision theory and can be used to estimate the absolute probability of disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bi2WO6 Nano‐ and Microstructures: Shape Control and Associated Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Zhang Lisha , Wang Wenzhong , Zhou Lin , Xu Haolan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe shape‐controlled synthesis of nano‐ and microstructured materials has opened up new possibilities to improve their physical and chemical properties. In this work, new types of Bi2WO6 with complex morphologies, namely, flowerlike, tyre‐ and helixlike, and platelike shapes, have been controllably synthesized by a facile hydrothermal process. The benefits of the present work also stem from the first report on the transformation of Bi2WO6 from three‐dimensional (3D) flowerlike superstructures to 2D platelike structures, and on the formation of tyre‐ and helixlike Bi2WO6 superstructures. UV/Vis absorption spectra show that the optical properties of Bi2WO6 samples are relevant to their size and shape. More importantly, the photocatalytic activities of Bi2WO6 nano‐ and microstructures are strongly dependent on their shape, size, and structure for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light irradiation. The reasons for the differences in the photocatalytic activities of these Bi2WO6 nano‐ and microstructures are further investigated.
Specific Integrin Labeling in Living Cells Using Functionalized Nanocrystals
Authors: Lieleg Oliver , López‐García Mónica , Semmrich Christine , Auernheimer Jörg , Kessler Horst , Bausch Andreas R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present an integrin labeling method using functionalized quantum dots (QDs). Cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptides and a biotin–streptavidin linkage are used to specifically couple individual QDs to integrins of living cells. The spacer distance between the RGD sequence and the QD surface is a crucial parameter to ensure specific binding to individual αvβ3 integrins of osteoblast cells. Despite blinking, the position of single QDs is tracked with nanometer precision and localized diffusive behavior is observed. We show that blinking events do not prevent the acquisition of quantitative parameters from the QD trajectories.
Syphilis: delayed diagnosis in a 45‐year‐old man
Authors: Babu C.S. , Higgins S.P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe authors present the case of a 45‐year‐old man who initially presented to his GP with a single genital ulcer. A few weeks later, while awaiting a biopsy of this ulcer, he developed jaundice, necessitating admission to hospital. Four months and numerous investigations later, a diagnosis of syphilis was finally made. This case emphasises the need to increase awareness of syphilis among all healthcare professionals. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd.
Hydrocarbons of dogfish and cod livers and herring oil
Authors: Gershbein Leon L. , Singh Eric J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDogfish and cod liver oils and the oil from the whole herring were saponified and the hydrocarbons concentrated by chromatography of the unsaponifiable portion over alumina followed by silica gel treatment of the resulting fractions. Temperature programmed gas chromatography employing a 3% SE‐30 packing was applied to the analysis of hydrocarbons of C14 to C32.5. The paraffins comprised two or more groups. Dogfish liver oil gave rise to 7.62% unsaponifiables and pristane, other saturated types, squalene and an additional group, high in unsaturated components, were 193, 325, 308 and 200 mg% in this portion or 15.7, 24.8, 23.5 and 15.3 mg%, respectively, in the oil. Cod liver oil yielded 1.0% unsaponifiables of which the above hydrocarbons in the order stated amounted to 0.30%, 1.15%, 3.29% and 2.27% or 3.0, 11.5, 32.9 and 22.7 mg% in the liver oil. The unsaponifiable material of herring oil (1.35%) was prominent in paraffinic hydrocarbons, the levels of the above specified components being 16.34%, 3.51%, 0.99% and 1.41% as stated or 221, 47.4, 13.4 and 19.1 mg% in the oil. The sterol and alcoholic contents were ascertained for the three marine oils and the glyceryl ether levels found to be highest for dogfish liver oil.
Osteoporosis, falls and exercise
Authors: Meléndez-Ortega Agustín 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Osteoporosis, a manifestation of bone atrophy that leads to great susceptibility to fractures, is a very important public health problem today because of its great morbidity, mortality and important economic repercussions. It is a problem that will tend to become more serious with the increase in the number of elderly persons. Bone mass is gained during adolescence, reaches a plateau during the third decade and remains stable until approximately age 50, after which a progressively gradual loss is observed. There is no real cure for osteoporosis, but a series of strategies can be used to reduce bone loss and improve bone mass. Osteoporosis has been considered a disease that accompanies the process of ageing; however, this fatalistic attitude should be discarded, as it is possible to correct and decrease the risk factors. Intervention strategies are based on three pillars: nutrition, physical activity and pharmacological agents. Physical activities and exercise programmes are important because they not only can counter the loss of bone mass but also improve neuromuscular capacity, maintaining and increasing strength and muscle mass, which can help to avoid falls and reduce their impact and consequences. The general principles that apply to any exercise programme also apply to preventing bone mass loss. They also can be applied to persons with osteoporosis. However, to understand the peculiarities of these programmes, the propensity for suffering fractures of these former groups should be kept in mind. Special care should be taken to avoid falls and injuries. Weight-bearing exercise and resistance training are recommended for the prevention programmes. Other activities such as tai-chi, dancing, gymnastic or callisthenic exercises can help to improve balance, gait and muscle coordination and diminish the risk of falling. These programmes should be complemented with postural education and a series of safety precautions.
A Practical Guide to the Isolation, Analysis and Identification of Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Authors: Christie William W. , Dobson Gary , Adlof Richard O. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNatural and synthetic conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are reputed to have therapeutic properties that are specific to particular geometrical and positional isomers. Analysis of these has presented unique problems that have brought forward distinctive solutions, especially the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and silver‐ion high‐performance liquid chromatography. In the analysis of CLA present at low levels in tissue samples, it is sometimes necessary to use concentration methods. In this review, the most useful and practical methods for the isolation and analysis of CLA isomers in tissues and in commercial CLA preparations are described.
Identification of Novel α‐Methoxylated Phospholipid Fatty Acids in the Caribbean Sponge Erylus goffrilleri
Authors: Carballeira Néstor M. , Oyola Delise , Vicente Jan , Rodriguez Abimael D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean sponge Erylus goffrilleri is described for the first time. A total of 70 fatty acids with chain lengths between 13 and 29 carbons were identified in the sponge. Methyl‐branched fatty acids predominated in E. goffrilleri suggesting the presence of a considerable number of bacterial symbionts. The novel fatty acids (5Z,9Z)‐2‐methoxy‐5,9‐hexadecadienoic acid, (5Z,9Z)‐2‐methoxy‐5,9‐octadecadienoic acid, (5Z,9Z)‐2‐methoxy‐5,9‐nonadecadienoic acid, and (5Z,9Z)‐2‐methoxy‐5,9‐eicosadienoic acid are described for the first time in the literature. In addition, the iso‐methyl‐branched fatty acids (9Z)‐2‐methoxy‐15‐methyl‐9‐hexadecenoic acid and (5Z,9Z)‐2‐methoxy‐15‐methyl‐5,9‐hexadecadienoic acid, also identified in E. goffrilleri, were identified for the first time in nature. Based on the identified metabolites it is proposed that the unprecedented biosynthetic sequence: i‐17:1Δ9 → 2‐OMe‐i‐17:1Δ9 → 2‐OMe‐i‐17:2Δ5,9 might be responsible for the biosynthesis of the novel iso‐α‐methoxylated fatty acids in E. goffrilleri.
Human umbilical cord‐derived cells can often serve as feeder cells to maintain primate embryonic stem cells in a state capable of producing hematopoietic cells
Authors: Hiroyama Takashi , Sudo Kazuhiro , Aoki Naoko , Miharada Kenichi , Danjo Inaho , Fujioka Tsuyoshi , Nagasawa Toshiro , Nakamura Yukio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractClinical application of human embryonic stem (ES) cells will require the establishment of methods for their culture, either in the presence or absence of human‐derived feeder cells. We have tested the ability of non‐immortalized cultured cells derived from human umbilical cord (HUC cells) to support ES cell culture. A primate ES cell line that had been established and maintained with mouse embryonic fibroblasts was cultured on HUC cells for >3 months (HUC‐maintained ES cells). These cells retained their expression of alkaline phosphatase, SSEA‐4, Oct‐3/4, and to a lesser extent Nanog, but did not express Rex‐1. Nevertheless, HUC‐maintained ES cells could produce ectoderm‐, mesoderm‐ and endoderm‐derived cells in teratomata that they formed in immunodeficient mice. We show that HUC‐maintained ES cells could give rise to hematopoietic cells, although this ability of HUC cells varied among HUC cell populations derived from different neonates. HUC cells are promising as human material with which to maintain ES cells in a state that retains their ability to produce mature cells, including hematopoietic cells.
Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the umbilical cord
Authors: Qiao Chun , Xu Wenrong , Zhu Wei , Hu Jiabo , Qian Hui , Yin Qing , Jiang Runqiu , Yan Yongmin , Mao Fei , Yang Huan , Wang Xingzhong , Chen Yongchang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known as a population of multi‐potential cells able to proliferate and differentiate into multiple mesodermal tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon, fat and stroma. In this study human MSCs were successfully isolated from the umbilical cords. The research characteristics of these cells, e.g., morphologic appearance, surface antigens, growth curve, cytogenetic features, cell cycle, differentiation potential and gene expression were investigated. After 2 weeks of incubation, fibroblast‐like cells appeared to be dominant. During the second passage the cells presented a homogeneous population of spindle fibroblast‐like cells. After more than 4 months (approximately 26 passages), the cells continued to retain their characteristics. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CD29, CD44, CD95, CD105 and HLA‐I were expressed on the cell surface, but there was no expression of hematopoietic lineage markers, such as CD34, CD38, CD71 and HLA‐DR. Chromosomal analysis showed the cells kept a normal karyotype. The cell cycle at the third passage showed the percentage of G0/G1, G2/M and S phase were 88.86%, 5.69% and 5.45%, respectively. The assays in vitro demonstrated the cells exhibited multi‐potential differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic cells. Both BMI‐1 and nucleostemin genes, expressed in adult MSCs from bone marrow, were also expressed in umbilical cord MSCs. Here we show that umbilical cords may be a novel alternative source of human MSCs for experimental and clinical applications.
Biochemical study of idebenone effect on mitochondrial metabolism of yeast
Authors: Chapela Sebastián P. , Burgos Hilda I. , Salazar Ana I. , Nievas Inés , Kriguer Norberto , Stella Carlos A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the effect of the drug idebenone on the growth of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and its respiratory‐deficient mutant (rho0). We took this yeast as a model system of the interaction of the drug with mammalian cells. The effect of idebenone was evaluated in rich and minimal media. In the S288c strain, idebenone exerted a growth inhibitory effect in concentrations higher than 50 μM in media containing a carbon source consumed at mitochondrial level. In conditions of low oxygen supply, idebenone allows yeast to keep a cellular yielding comparable with conditions of normal oxygen supply. Also, the presence of idebenone in the growth media increased by 50% the fluorescence signal of rhodamine 123, indicating a higher mitochondrial membrane potential. The results could explain the effect of idebenone in the treatment of diseases in which oxygen deficiency alters the energetic metabolism of the cell.
Hyperglycemic condition disturbs the proliferation and cell death of neural progenitors in mouse embryonic spinal cord
Authors: Gao Qing , Gao Ying‐Mao 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSpina bifida, which results from failure of fusion in the spinal region of neural tube, is among the most common birth defects associated with diabetic pregnancy. However, the mechanism underlying maternal diabetes‐induced congenital malformations including spina bifida is not fully understood. It was hypothesized that hyperglycemic conditions affect the proliferation and apoptosis of neural progenitor cells in the developing spinal neural tube, leading to abnormal neurodevelopment. In the present study, biological processes such as proliferation and apoptosis were investigated in the neuroepithelial cells of the developing spinal neural tube of embryos from diabetic mice, and in embryonic spinal neural tube derived neural progenitor cell cultures exposed to high glucose in vitro. Maternal diabetes caused decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of the neuroepithelial cells in the developing spinal cord of embryos from diabetic mouse. Decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis were also found in neural progenitor cells exposed to high glucose. In addition, high glucose‐induced apoptosis in neural progenitor cells was associated with activation of caspase‐3. Thus, high glucose disturbs both proliferation and cell death of neural progenitors in the developing spinal neural tube. This could provide a cellular mechanism by which maternal hyperglycemia induces spina bifida in embryos from diabetic pregnancy.
Role of maternal corticosterone in the development and maturation of the aminoacidergic systems of the rat brain
Authors: Leret Maria Luisa , Lecumberri Mar , Garcia‐Montojo Marta , González José Carlos 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested an important role for maternal glucocorticoids in the development of the aminoacidergic systems of the rat brain. This study examines the effect of metyrapone (2‐methyl‐1,2‐di‐3‐pyridyl‐1‐propanone), i.p.‐administered to gestating mothers, on the maturation of the aminoacidergic systems of their offsprings' brains. γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate concentrations were determined in male and female offspring at postnatal days (PN) 23 and 90 in four brain areas: the hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum and cortex. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the most important enzyme in the synthesis of GABA, was also analysed. The results show that a reduction in maternal corticosterone during gestation leads to a reduced GABAergic content in all brain areas studied at PN23; permanent organizational changes occurred in the cortex, striatum and hypothalamus. Maternal metyrapone treatment also affected the development of the glutamatergic systems, females being more affected than males at both PN23 and PN90 particularly in the hypothalamus and cortex. The metyrapone treatment produced no changes in GAD activity at PN23, but induced an important increase in this activity at PN90.
The impact of power and relationship commitment on the integration between manufacturers and customers in a supply chain
Authors: Zhao Xiande , Huo Baofeng , Flynn Barbara B. , Yeung Jeff Hoi Yan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSupply chain integration (SCI) has received increasing attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years. However, our knowledge of what influences SCI is still very limited. Although marketing and management researchers have investigated power and relationship commitment issues between organizations, few have examined their impact on SCI. This paper extends the power–relationship commitment theory established in Western marketing literature and links it with SCI in China, through examining the relationship between power, relationship commitment and the integration between manufacturers and their customers. We propose and empirically test a model using data collected from 617 manufacturing companies in China. The results show that different types of customer power impact manufacturers’ relationship commitment in different ways. Expert power, referent power and reward power are important in improving manufacturers’ normative relationship commitment, while reward power and coercive power enhance instrumental relationship commitment. We also found that normative relationship commitment had a greater impact on customer integration than instrumental relationship commitment. These findings are interpreted in light of national culture differences between China and the U.S. in terms of power distance and collectivism, which provide a new perspective on SCI.
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
Authors: Dijkerman H. Chris , de Haan Edward H. F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe functions of the somatosensory system are multiple. We use tactile input to localize and experience the various qualities of touch, and proprioceptive information to determine the position of different parts of the body with respect to each other, which provides fundamental information for action. Further, tactile exploration of the characteristics of external objects can result in conscious perceptual experience and stimulus or object recognition. Neuroanatomical studies suggest parallel processing as well as serial processing within the cerebral somatosensory system that reflect these separate functions, with one processing stream terminating in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and the other terminating in the insula. We suggest that, analogously to the organisation of the visual system, somatosensory processing for the guidance of action can be dissociated from the processing that leads to perception and memory. In addition, we find a second division between tactile information processing about external targets in service of object recognition and tactile information processing related to the body itself. We suggest the posterior parietal cortex subserves both perception and action, whereas the insula principally subserves perceptual recognition and learning.
How many representations of the body?
Authors: de Vignemont Frédérique 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBased on functional differences, Dijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) emphasize the duality of somatosensory processing, and therefore of body representations. But how many body representations do we really have? And what kind of criterion can we use to distinguish them? I review here the empirical and conceptual difficulties in drawing such distinctions, and the way to progress.
Where are somatosensory representations stored and reactivated?
Authors: Fiehler Katja , Engel Annerose , Rösler Frank 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe studies cited by Dijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) stress the distinction between perception and action within the somatosensory system but provide little information about memory functions. Recent findings by our group and by others show that the dorsal stream is also activated during short-term memory maintenance and long-term memory retrieval of haptic information. These data complement and extend the proposed model.
Skin stimulation, objects of perception, and the blind
Authors: Hughes Barry 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe model developed in the target article is not as comprehensive as might be desired on two counts: (1) in that how the transition from proximal stimulation at the skin gives rise to the perception of external objects is taken for granted; and (2) in that another population of participants, the blind, constitute an important group from which we can understand somatosensory processing and neural plasticity.
A call to arms: Somatosensory perception and action
Authors: Leisman Gerry , Melillo Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSomatosensory processing for action guidance can be dissociated from perception and memory processing. The dorsal system has a global bias and the ventral system has a local processing bias. Autistics illustrate the point, showing a bias for part over wholes. Lateralized differences have also been noted in these modalities. The multi-modal dysfunction observed may suggest more an issue of interhemispheric communication.
The perception-action interaction comes first
Authors: Marin Ludovic , Lagarde Julien 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) study perception and action as two independent processes. However, in all daily activities the processes are completely intertwined, so it is difficult to separate one from the other. Humans perceive in order to move and also move in order to perceive. Understanding first how perception and action are coordinated, leads us then to determine how each component works independently.
Central role of somatosensory processes in sexual arousal as identified by neuroimaging techniques
Authors: Mouras Harold 
Published: August 2007

AbstractResearch on the neural correlates of sexual arousal is a growing field of research in affective neuroscience. A new approach studying the correlation between the hemodynamic cerebral response and autonomic genital response has enabled distinct brain areas to be identified according to their role in inducing penile erection, on the one hand, and in representing penile sensation, on the other.
Divisions within the posterior parietal cortex help touch meet vision
Authors: Reed Catherine L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe parietal cortex is divided into two major functional regions: the anterior parietal cortex that includes primary somatosensory cortex, and the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) that includes the rest of the parietal lobe. The PPC contains multiple representations of space. In Dijkerman & de Haan's (D&dH's) model, higher spatial representations are separate from PPC functions. This model should be developed further so that the functions of the somatosensory system are integrated with specific functions within the PPC and higher spatial representations. Through this further specification of the model, one can make better predictions regarding functional interactions between somatosensory and visual systems.