bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurring polyploid formation: an early account from the Russian literature
Authors: Mavrodiev Evgeny V. , Soltis Douglas E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMavrodiev, E.V. & Soltis, D. E.: Recurring polyploid formation: an early account from the Russian literature. – Taxon 50: 469–474. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.In just the past decade molecular data have demonstrated that recurrent origins of polyploids appear to be the rule, rather than the exception, with well‐documented examples for bryophytes, ferns, and angiosperms. However, Russian investigators seem to have embraced the possibility of recurrent polyploidy at a much earlier date than did other evolutionary biologists. The crossing studies conducted by Maria Rozanova (1934, 1938, 1946) on Rubus should be considered classic investigations of the process of allopolyploidisation. Unfortunately, however, scientists in the West remain unaware of this work because it was largely published in Russian. We review here these remarkable investigations, which revealed at an early date the complexities of polyploidisation. Rozanova demonstrated that the same polyploid species can form multiple times and in multiple ways; she also suggested that the same processes revealed in her crossing studies likely occurred in nature and could account for the morphological diversity observed in natural populations. Thus, although molecular data have recently revealed the high frequency and importance of independent origins of polyploid species, traditional crossing studies conducted in Rubus over 60 years ago actually provided an early suggestion of the possible prevalence of this process, as well as providing critical insights into the mechanisms of polyploidisation.
A review of the nomenclatural difficulties associated with misplaced rank‐denoting terms
Authors: Moore Gerry 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMoore, G.: A review of the nomenclatural difficulties associated with misplaced rank‐denoting terms. – Taxon 50: 495–505. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The nomenclatural difficulties associated with classifications that have misplaced rank‐denoting terms are reviewed. Several examples (both real and hypothetical) of classifications with misplaced rank‐denoting terms are discussed. A distinction is made between misplaced rank‐denoting terms and colloquially (mis)used rank‐denoting terms, and a discussion is provided on whether or not it may be useful to have such a distinction presented in the Code. In providing guidelines on how one should deal with the nomenclature of classifications that include misplaced rank‐denoting terms, a “minimal invalidity” concept is introduced. A review is made on how Art. 33.7 might be reworded so as to provide clearer guidance when dealing with classifications that involve misplaced rank‐denoting terms.
Typification of Linnaean plant names in Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
Authors: Jarvis Charles E. , Cafferty Steve , Forrest Laura L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJarvis, C. E., Cafferty, S. & Forrest, L. L. (eds.): Typification of Linnaean plant names in Lamiaceae (Labiatae). – Taxon 50: 507–523. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes, neotypes and epitypes are designated by 18 specialists for 102 previously untypified Linnaean plant names belonging to the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae). These newly proposed types support the current usage of the names concerned. Earlier but ineffective or supersedable type statements are discussed.
PlastidrbcL sequence data indicate a close affinity betweenDiegodendronandBixa
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Bayer Clemens , Alverson William S. , de Bruijn Anette Y. , Chase Mark W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFay, M. F., Bayer, C., Alverson, W. S., Bruijn, A. Y. de & Chase, M. W.: PlastidrbcL sequence data indicate a close affinity betweenDiegodendronandBixa.‐ Taxon 47: 43–50. 1998. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Diegodendron humbertiiCapuron (DiegodendraceaeCapuron) is endemic to Madagascar. The family is monospecific, and whereas various affinities have been suggested, its phylogenetic position has remained unclear. Analysis ofrbcL sequence data indicates a close relationship toBixa.Together these taxa form a monophyletic group with a somewhat more distant relationship to other groups ofMalvaless.l. includingCochlospermaceae. Cochlospermaceae (CochlospermumandAmoreuxia)should be maintained as a family distinct fromBixaceaebut ifBixaceaeare expanded to includeCochlospermaceaethey should also includeDiegodendron.DNA extraction from herbarium specimens, involving modifications to the standard extraction and amplification techniques, is described.
The nomenclatural status of Reticularia (myxomycetes)
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. , Lado Carlos , Pando Francisco , Rico Víctor J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLado, C., Pando, F. & Rico, V. J.: The nomenclatural status of Reticularia (myxomycetes). ‐ Taxon 47: 109–111. 1998. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Reticularia Bull, was validly published in 1787 or 1788 already, by means of a descriptio generico‐specifica, not in (1790 or) 1791 as has been generally assumed. It is therefore an earlier homonym of Reticularia Baumg. (lichens), a name validly published in 1790 but not on the page from which it is usually cited. Reticularia alba Bull., the single included element and original type of Reticularia Bull., is a later taxonomic synonym of Mucilago Crustacea, hence Reticularia Bull, is a later synonym of Mucilago.
Lectotypification of the names Clusia major and C. minor (Clusiaceae)
Authors: Bittrich V. , Stevens P. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBittrich, V. & Stevens, P. F.: Lectotypification of the names Clusia major and C. minor (Clusiaceae). ‐ Taxon 47: 117–122. 1998. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The lectotypification of Clusia major L., the type of Clusia L., is examined. It is shown that the lectotypes hitherto proposed should be superseded; a new lectotype is designated. As a consequence, C. subg. Thysanoclusia and C. sect. Stauroclusia become C. subg. Clusia and sect. Clusia respectively. The correct name for C. sect. Euclusia, nom. inval., is C. sect. Chlamydoclusia. An earlier lectotype designation for C. minor is superseded as the holotype still exists. A lectotype for C. plukenetii Urb. is also designated.
Parochetinae: a new subtribe of Trifolieae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)
Authors: Chaudhary L. B. , Sanjappa M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryChaudhary, L. B. & Sanjappa, M.: Parochetinae: a new subtribe of Trifolieae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae). – Taxon 47: 829‐831. 1998. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A new subtribe is described to accommodate the genus Parochetus. A key to the subtribes of Trifolieae is provided.
Notes on Dictyota vieillardii and D. adnata (Dictyotaceae, Phaeophyta)
Authors: De Clerck Olivier , Coppejans Eric 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDe Clerck, O. & Coppejans, E.: Notes on Dictyota vieillardii and D. adnata (Dictyotaceae, Phaeophyta). – Taxon 46: 33‐36. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Post considered Dictyota adnata Zanardini to be a synonym of D. vieillardii Kütz. However, examination of the type specimen of D. vieillardii proves it does not belong to the genus Dictyota but represents the Vaughaniella stage of a Padina species. D. vieillardii van filiformis Kütz. is also shown to represent a Vaughaniella stage. The type specimen of D. adnata could not be traced and the designation of a neotype by Coppejans is confirmed.
A classification of and key to the supraspecific taxa in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae)
Authors: González‐Elizondo M. Socorro , Peterson Paul M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGonzález‐Elizondo, M. S. & Peterson, P. M.: A classification of and key to the supraspecific taxa in Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). – Taxon 46: 433–449. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.A comparison of former supraspecific classifications is made and a new, revised system is proposed for Eleocharis (Cyperaceae). Four subgenera, seven sections, eight series, and seven subseries are recognized. A key to subgenera and sections is included along with type citations, synonymies, and representative species. Two new series, E. ser. Albidae and ser. Rostellatae, are described, along with one new combination, E. sect. Baeothryon, and two transfers in rank, E. subser. Acutae and E. subser. Sulcatae.
Nucleotide sequence of rbcL and phylogenetic relationships of Setchellanthus caeruleus (Setchellanthaceae)
Authors: Karol Kenneth G. , Rodman James E. , Conti Elena , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryKarol, K. G., Rodman, J. E., Conti, E. & Sytsma, K. J.: Nucleotide sequence of rbcL and phylogenetic relationships of Setchellanthus caeruleus (Setchellanthaceae). – Taxon 48: 303‐315. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The nucleotide sequence (1462 bases) from the chloroplast gene for the large subunit of ribulose‐l,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) was utilised for the monotypic Mexican endemic genus Setchellanthus to assess its phylogenetic affinities. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL sequence data robustly group Setchellanthus with other mustard oil producing plants included in Dahlgren's expanded order Capparales. Within this assemblage, maximum parsimony places Setchellanthus sister to a clade comprised of the North American family Limnanthaceae, the sister taxa Koeberlinia + Salvadora + Batis, and the core Capparales (Brassicaceae + Capparaceae, Gyrostemonaceae + Resedaceae, Pentadiplandraceae, and Tovariaceae). Maximum likelihood analyses reverse the relationship of Setchellanthus and Limnanthaceae, placing Setchellanthus sister to the Koeberlinia + Salvadora + Batis plus the core Capparales assemblage, with Limnanthaceae sister to these. The rbcL sequence of Setchellanthus possesses a putative stop codon ending at position 1440, twelve bases beyond the 1428 site usual for dicots. This extended 3' terminus is consistent within the expanded Capparales for a clade mat comprises the above‐named taxa. The position of Setchellanthus in the rbcL phylogram provides support for elevation of this unispecific genus to family rank, postulated in view of its unique morphological characters.
A new lectotype for Scirpus maritimus (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Smith S. Galen , Kukkonen Ilkka 
Published: April 2006

SummarySmith, S. G. & Kukkonen, I.: A new lectotype for Scirpus maritimus (Cyperaceae). – Taxon 48: 355‐357. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The formerly designated lectotype of Scirpus maritimus L. is shown to be in conflict with the protologue. If maintained, it would cause unnecessary and disturbing name changes. It is therefore superseded by a Linnaean specimen newly discovered in Uppsala, which in turn is supported by a modern, fruiting specimen designated as epitype.
Botanical libraries and herbaria in North America. 3. Harvard's botanists and their libraries
Authors: Warnement Judith 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWarnement, J. A.: Botanical libraries and herbaria in North America. 3. Harvard's botanists and their libraries. – Taxon 46: 649‐660. 1997. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Men of great vision and wealth built Harvard's botanical institutions. Their combined legacies to the botanical community include the five Harvard herbaria and libraries. The botany libraries staff is committed to providing access to the collections by improving bibliographic control and preservation techniques, and by adapting new technologies to serve users' needs.
Lectotypification of Linnaean binomials in Grewia (Tiliaceae)
Authors: Chung R. C. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryChung, R. C. K.: Lectotypification of Linnaean binomials in Grewia (Tiliaceae). – Taxon 48: 51‐52. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes are designated for the names of the two species of Grewia (Tiliaceae) described by Linnaeus in 1753.
Gosferia, a new name for Forgesia (fossil plants)
Authors: Gerrienne Philippe 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGerrienne, P.: Gosferia, a new name for Forgesia (fossil plants). –Taxon 48: 61. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Forgesia Gerrienne (Zosterophyllophytina) is a later homonym of extant Forgesia Comm. ex Juss. 1789 (Saxifragaceae). The anagram Gosferia is proposed as a new generic name for the fossil taxon.
Who is the author of the name Orostachys (Crassulaceae)?
Authors: Byalt Vjačeslav V. , Sokolova Irina V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryByalt, V. V. & Sokolova, I. V.: Who is the author of the name Orostachys (Crassulaceae)? – Taxon 48: 63‐65. 1999. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The author of the generic name Orostachys is Fischer, who validly published the name in 1809, not Candolle, Sweet, or Berger, as has been cited in a number of botanical works.
On the basionym and type of the name Erucastrum (Cruciferae)
Authors: López Ginés 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLópez, G.: On the basionym and type of the name Erucastrum (Cruciferae). – Taxon 48: 67‐68. 1999.–ISSN 0040‐0262.The name Erucastrum is attributed directly to C. Presl in most reference books and floras but is in fact based on Brassica sect. Erucastrum DC. By consequence its type is Brassica erucastrum L., not Erucastrum virgatum C. Presl as usually accepted. The latter binomial is to be replaced by the old, traditional name Erucastrum laevigatum (L.) O. E. Schulz (Sinapis laevigata L.) as, according to Gómez Campo, S. laevigata L. is the same as E. laevigatum subsp. baeticum (Boiss.) Gómez‐Campo.
Amberboa moschata, A. glauca, and A. amberboi (Asteraceae: Cardueae). A note on their taxonomy and typification of their names
Authors: Gabrielian E. , Jarvis C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGabrielian, E. & Jarvis, C. E.: Amberboa moschata, A. glauca, and A. amberboi (Asteraceae: Cardueae). A note on their taxonomy and typification of their names. – Taxon 45: 213‐215. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The names Centaurea moschata L. and C. moschata var. amberboi L. are typified by illustrations published by Morison. The features distinguishing the two corresponding taxa, and also C. glauca Willd., are discussed.
Berger's “Kakteen” – the end of a nomenclatural nightmare in sight?
Authors: Nyffeler Reto , Eggli Urs 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNyffeler, R. & Eggli, U.: Berger's “Kakteen” – the end of a nomenclatural nightmare in sight? –Taxon 45: 301‐304. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Berger's book Kakteen is a constant source of nomenclatural uncertainty due to new combinations in genera that are obviously not accepted by the author. The arguments in favour of and against accepting Berger's combinations as validly published are discussed, and it is concluded that they are not. The key to the understanding of Berger's taxonomic concept is found in the introductory chapters where the author clearly expounded his intentions. Therefore A. W. Hill is to be cited as validating author of the names concerned.
The identity of Gunnera manicata Linden ex André ­ resolving a Brazilian­Colombian enigma
Authors: Wanntorp Livia , Wanntorp Hans-Erik , Källersjö Mari 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe identity of the frequently cultivated Gunnera manicata Linden ex André has long been obscure. This species is sometimes claimed to originate from Brazil, and sometimes from Colombia. A recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus indicated a Brazilian origin for G. manicata. The present study provides an historical background for G. manicata and further investigates its identity by including the ITS sequences of the two Colombian species, G. brephogea and the species identified as G. manicata, in a phylogenetic analysis. The new results corroborate the Brazilian origin for the cultivated G. manicata and firmly reject a Colombian provenance. The Colombian "G. manicata" needs a new description. For Gunnera manicata Linden ex André, a lectotype is designated.
Melastomataceae Raddianae: a study of G. Raddi’s Melastomataceae types housed in the herbaria of Pisa (PI) and Firenze (FI)
Authors: Goldenberg Renato , Baldini Riccardo M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Melastomataceae collected by Giuseppe Raddi (1770–1829) during his expedition to Brazil (1817–1818) and housed at FI and PI are studied. The collections typify names in the generaBertoloniaRaddi,LeandraRaddi,MelastomaL. andRhexiaL. For 22 species we provide information about types, nomenclature, taxonomy and geographical distribution.
Unrooted trees for numerical taxonomy
Authors: Dobson Annette J. 
Published: April 2006

It is common to represent taxonomic hierarchies of related objects (such as similar plant or animal species or languages of the same family) by rooted trees with labelled terminal vertices which represent the objects. The multivariate data comparing numerous characteristics of the objects is first reduced to indices of similarity (or more often of dissimilarity) between each pair of objects. These are used to classify the objects into groups which are then depicted on a tree.This paper shows that an unrooted tree with labelled terminal vertices may provide a better representation of the relationships between the objects because the similarity indices are required to conform to fewer restrictions. Also for a given number of terminal vertices, there are fewer unrooted than rooted trees so that studies using probability distributions of trees or seeking the most suitable tree to represent the data are more practicable.
Maintainable regions in a Markov manpower model
Authors: Davies G. S. 
Published: April 2006

We examine the geometry of regions of maintainable structures arising in a Markov manpower model. The regions are described in terms of convex hulls, and it is shown that for systems divided into two or three grades these regions form an increasing sequence. It is also shown that the monotonie property fails quite drastically for a four-graded system.An open problem is discussed for a related model.
Variability in the rate of decline in birth weight as litter size increases in sheep
Authors: Gootwine E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCarrying multiple foetuses leads to a decline in lamb birth weight. The rate of litter size-dependent birth weight decline (LSDBD) in a population can be obtained by calculating the linear relationship between the reciprocal of lamb's birth weight and the respective litter size. Based on published data on lamb birth weight and by using the reciprocal approach, LSDBD rate was calculated for 70 purebred and crossbred sheep populations in which birth weight of lambs born as singles ranged from 1·3 to 6·3 kg. High variability in LSDBD was found. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the variability of this trait.
Play therapy with sexually abused children: Including parents in therapeutic play
Authors: Hill Andrew 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper draws on the author’s experience as a member of a team of social workers undertaking play therapy with sexually abused children. It outlines the theoretical rationale that informed the development of practice in which parents were included in therapeutic play sessions with their children. It goes on to examine two cases that illustrate some of the issues. Finally, this paper begins to develop a critique of practice that involves parents, highlighting potential limitations and proposing a series of questions for further research.
Parental substance misuse and child care social work: findings from the first stage of a study of 100 families
Authors: Forrester Donald , Harwin Judith 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTParental misuse of drugs or alcohol is known to be a common issue for child care social workers, yet there has been surprisingly little British research on the topic. The study reported here attempts to address this gap. All files going for long‐term allocation in four London boroughs over on average 1 year were examined (290 files). Parental substance misuse (PSM) emerged as a major feature of social work caseloads. Of the 290 cases, 100 (34%) involved concerns about parental substance misuse. The families involving substance misuse were more vulnerable on a variety of measures: the children were younger, the parents had more individual problems and the families lived in more difficult social situations. PSM cases tended to be ‘heavy end’ at the point of allocation: they accounted for 62% of all children subject to care proceedings and 40% of those placed on the child protection register. There was a fairly even spread between alcohol and drug misuse, and a number of cases involved both. Substance misuse specialists were rarely involved in working with families, primarily because parents said that they did not think that they had a problem. Suggestions for ways in which policy and practice with PSM might be improved are made in light of these findings.
Impairment of endothelium‐dependent arterial dilation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients with euthyroidism
Authors: Xiang Guang‐da , He Yu‐sheng , Zhao Ling‐shuang , Hou Jie , Yue Ling , Xiang Hui‐juan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjective  Recent studies have shown that immune responses contribute to atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction is an important early event in atherogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the alteration of endothelial function in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients with euthyroidism.Methods  Study subjects included 28 female HT patients with euthyroidism, 23 female HT patients with hypothyroidism, and 22 healthy women. High‐resolution ultrasound was used to measure brachial artery diameter at rest, after reactive hyperaemia and after sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GTN).Results  Flow‐mediated arterial dilation in HT patients with euthyroidism was significantly lower (3·88%) than in controls (4·98%, P = 0·000) and higher than in HT patients with hypothyroidism (3·26%, P < 0·001). Flow‐mediated arterial dilation among HT patients with hypothyroidism was significantly lower than that in controls (P = 0·000). GTN‐induced arterial dilation, baseline vessel size, and baseline blood flow were not significantly different among the three groups (P > 0·05). On multiple regression analysis, anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab), TSH, free T3, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] were found to be significant factors associated with endothelium‐dependent arterial dilation.Conclusion  Endothelial dysfunction exists in HT patients with euthyroidism. Autoimmune reactivity and an elevated Lp(a) level might be responsible for the endothelial dysfunction.