bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotreating E&P Wastes: Lessons Learned From 1992-2003
Authors: McMillen Sara J. , Smart Ross , Bernier Rene , Hoffmann Robert E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
ChevronTexaco began investigating bioremediation as an option for treating Exploration and Production (E&P) wastes and remediation of site spills in 1992. In 1993, ChevronTexaco began full-scale landfarming operations of E&P wastes in Colorado. Since then ChevronTexaco has initiated numerous site-specific cleanups using bioremediation technologies such as composting and in-situ remediation, and we continue to operate bioremediation facilities for the treatment of ongoing E&P wastes that are generated as part of our normal operations. ChevronTexaco has successfully implemented bioremediation in diverse climates and in remote international locations. In this paper our top ten "lessons learned" in successfully applying bioremediation will be reviewed. These include predicting bioremediation end-points, the use of commercial microbial products, how to monitor treatment effectiveness, field equipment needed, interfacing with regulators, reusing treated wastes, costs by waste type and technology, and training of personnel. We will also discuss how to determine when bioremediation is a good option, when it is not a good option, and how to select the best biotechnology for a specific site.
Restoration and Remediation of Abandoned Petroleum Drill Sites - A Nigerian Case Study
Authors: Idialu Peter , Ainodion Jimoh , Alabi Lanre 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn mid 2002, the Federal Government of Nigeria through the Special Adviser on Petroleum Matters gave a directive that all Oil and Gas Operators should embark on abandonment and remediation/restoration programs to address all abandoned drill locations cutting across land, swamp and offshore environments. Before this directive, our company operations had commenced a comprehensive effort in 1999 to address these sites. Across the Nigerian Niger Delta, abandoned drill locations (including well stubs) number well over several tens of thousands. The Niger Delta area of the country lies in the southern part of Nigeria and oil and gas operations have been carried out in this region over the past four decades. Community unrests have arisen from lack of commensurate development in this region. In addition, new environmental regulations with very restrictive requirements have been enacted.This case study consists of two phases. The first phase is to address the land sites which involve demolition of existing camp/concrete structures, removal of existing well heads, backfilling of existing pits (including large borrow pits), leveling of entire drill site to match natural contour level, spreading of native humus soil and revegetation with native plant species. The second phase will address the abandoned swamp and offshore wells by ensuring that they are completely plugged and abandoned using a more cost-effective approach such as the use of highly compressed sodium bentonite. Thereafter, the wells will be cut below mudline and removed.This paper discusses the issues involved in abandoning and restoring the land sites and the well stubs in swamp and offshore environments. Experience obtained in carrying along all stakeholders particularly the host communities in the Niger Delta and the regulatory agencies is presented. Other alternatives to pit closure will be mentioned and the environmental and economic benefits of using highly compressed sodium bentonite (Zonite) for plugging well stubs will be discussed.
Monitoring and Zero Discharge
Authors: Lystad Einar , Nilssen Ingunn 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To achieve the zero discharge goals laid down by the Norwegian Parliament, the authorities and industry have cooperated on the development of operational goals. The offshore industry has developed field specific plans to reduce the discharges to sea. The industry&#39;s progress is being checked through the environmental monitoring, audits and the field specific discharge reports. A main milestone is by the end of 2005.
Results and Commitments from the Zero Discharge Work on Produced Water Discharges on the Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Røe Utvik Toril Inga , Garpestad Eimund , Tangvald Marianne , Frost Tone K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The industry&#39;s goal to reach zero discharge is a response to the national goal established by the Norwegian government in White Paper No. 58 issued in 1996/97. The objective of the zero discharge strategy is to identify environmentally harmful chemical components of discharges so that cost effective measures can be developed and implemented to remove the risk of adverse impacts to the marine environment. The Environmental Impact Factor (EIF) is used as a tool for environmental risk assessment and further identification of the most efficient technology to reduce the risk.
All companies operating in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea are currently working to reach the goal of zero discharges to sea within 2005. Plans for meeting the goal were reported to the Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities by June 1 2003.
Several oil companies have already implemented new measures to reduce the risk of environmental harmful effects from discharges to sea. Based on the discharge reduction from implemented and planned measures, a prognosis for total reduction of discharges to sea in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea are presented. Results show that for fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf, the total environmental risk (expressed as EIF) will be reduced by approximately 80% in 2006 compared to 2002. Results on volume reduction of produced water and dispersed oil to sea are also be presented, and compared with the new goals set by OSPAR.
In Company Virtual Networking for HSE Professionals: the HSE Global Network
Authors: Gerlings Paul , Malone Charlie , Harding Robin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This contribution describes the HSE Global Network since its launch January 2002 in Shell Exploration and Production. The HSE Global Network is a virtual community of HSE professionals. It uses a combination of a web-based database, daily email notifications, backed up with monthly teleconferences and annual workshops. The network has grown organically in membership as well as number of exchanges. The content of the network is mostly solving practical HSE issues. The biggest benefits of networking are (1) speed of developing solutions and (2) improved quality of HSE solutions.
An explanation of the success of the network is suggested, by locating its place in the Knowledge Production cycle at the induction side. It is suggested it counterbalances the traditional deductive/ prescriptive &lt;i&gt;top-down&lt;/i&gt; approach. The challenges for the coming years are (1) to enable this top half of the knowledge production cycle to take its place in the Network and (2) to unlock and disclose the information captured for future reference.
Disposal of Disused Offshore Concrete Gravity Platforms
Authors: Hjelde Erik 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper will present the experience gained by the industry in the North Sea in the period 1998 - 2002 in a "state-of-art" review issued in February 2003 by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (OGP) of the technical challenges and other assessment issues considered in order to identify the best disposal option for disused offshore concrete gravity substructures within the OSPAR region.
The key elements in the comparative assessment made for each disposal option will be reviewed. These are technical feasibility, safety for personnel, environmental impact and cost.
The uncertainties associated with the removal of both first and second generation concrete gravity platforms will require a case-by-case assessment to identify the specific circumstances for each installation.
Comprehensive programme of consultation involves a wide range of stakeholders to view the question of decommissioning from as many angles as possible.
Concrete substructures left in place will be equipped with navigation systems. During the regular surveillance of the navigation aids it would be appropriate to make a visual inspection of the general condition of the concrete substructure visible above the water surface.
New Techniques in Volumetric Imaging and Photographic Documentation of Salt Contaminated Soil
Authors: Bauman Paul 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a new technique for providing depth, volumetric, and time dependent imaging of subsurface salt contamination. The technique has broad applications for planning remediation programs associated with co-produced salt water in flare pits, drilling sumps, blowouts, injection wells, etc. New, easily applied cost-effective techniques of low altitude, high resolution photography from kites, balloons, and masts can match visual airborne imaging of vegetation stress with the geoelectrical data sets. A final product of a 3-D rendered electrical image of subsurface salt contamination can easily be overlaid by a high resolution, orthorectified photographic base map-essentially, an easily understood blueprint for follow-up intrusive investigations or excavations. Three case studies are discussed.
Reducing Vehicular Incidents with a Road Hazard Analysis
Authors: Campbell N. , Tate D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Vehicular related fatalities and injury rates are steadily increasing in our society. Despite all efforts, driving continues to rank as one of the highest risk activities in most oil and gas production or service companies.
The question is: "What can we do about it?" Modern safety management routinely touts hazard awareness as one of the best accident prevention solutions in the traditional workplace. This same solution could pay big dividends if correctly applied to driving; hence the concept of road hazard analysis (RHA).
This paper discusses an RHA program that was implemented in one segment and location of a major oilfield service company, resulting in decreased recordable auto accident frequency from 11.2 incidents/million kilometers in Q1 2002, to 0 in Q1 2003.
Sharing the Benefits of Corporate Driving Training with the Community
Authors: Meade Dave , Reinbold Bruce , Speer Jennifer 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Driving is the leading safety risk faced by all who drive or ride in vehicles and contributes to an alarming number of fatalities in the teen years. Parents are challenged to prepare their children for the task of driving; however, not all parents can provide adequate training. Availability and cost are issues; lack of appreciation of the risks involved, and overconfidence in personal ability are issues as well. The passing on of bad driving habits from parent to teen is commonplace. High school and postsecondary students are some of the highest-risk age groups for vehicular fatalities. Teens must be exposed to credible information and examples of good driving practices.
Oil and gas (O&G) industry corporations and public service branches are required to deal with driving issues as part of their business. To be responsible and successful, they have had to develop programs that address the hazards of driving. They have developed tools that have been used repeatedly and effectively to reduce risk in sometimes extreme driving environments. Individually the knowledge and experience may be significant, while collectively it is extensive. Over the years they have learned invaluable lessons and ways of communicating these lessons to other drivers.
It was this recognition and capability that encouraged BP, Schlumberger, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to make a difference with local high school students and their parents. The three came together with presentations and exercises that would hopefully impact both attitude and ability of young drivers. Lectures were provided on the theory of crash-free driving, the need for unimpaired attention and capability, and the importance of protecting vehicle occupants. Qualified instructors put the students and parents through the same intensive, practical exercises used for employees in the oil and gas industry.
Development of a Risk Perception Web Portal and Training Tool
Authors: Dook Jan , Longnecker Nancy , McGrath Tim 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Risk perception is a major contributing factor to incidents with root causes of failure involving human factors, accounting for up to 80% of incidents (Moore and Bea, 1993). Risk perception is a term widely used to include all the processes used by individuals to appraise and manage risk; it incorporates individuals&#39; beliefs, attitudes and behaviour in relation to risk. Risk perception is determined by a range of factors, including internal motivations (eg risk avoidance, risk acceptance or risk taking), prior experience, assumptions about environmental conditions and the rate of change of the situation. Because it is difficult for an individual to predict their behaviour in hypothetical circumstances, it is best to measure risk perception in realistic situations; this is hard to set up and evaluate.
In Stage 1 of this project, we propose to develop a Risk Portal - a Web-based risk perception environment with new resources and links to existing tools to measure risk perception as well as exercises and training for use by the international oil and gas industry. The Web-based environment will be constructed to allow update and addition by authorised organizations in order to build a library of resources that will keep pace with cognitive and behavioural psychology and experiences of the international oil and gas industry as well as other industries that are concerned with employee risk perception. Measurement of an individual&#39;s risk perception could generate an individually tailored training programme.
In Stage 2 of this project, training will be developed for hazardous situations with the objective of allowing employees to mitigate risk by implementing appropriate barriers. The training will utilise multimedia presentation of case studies, interactive demonstrations and immersive simulation exercises set in the context of oil and gas industry operations. The training will be delivered in an interactive rather than linear manner so that each individual will have a unique and authentic experience as they explore the environment based on their own preferences. Support for this development is welcomed.
Culture Change and Breakthrough Safety Performance: A European Example
Authors: Aune S. , Bryden R. , Cairns D. , Dam P. v. , Dekker G. , Lauvstad B. , Wal J. v. D. 
Published: December 2007

Proposal
This paper shows how previous work presentations at other SPE conferences, has been translated into significant improvements in safety performance within Shell EP's European operation.
The Assets within The Netherlands, Norway and The U.K. have all utilised similar approaches to bring about a positive shift in their safety culture and reduced injury rates. This has been achieved by creating greater personal accountability for the management of safety and by using different tools to diagnose and address specific safety challenges.
To increase personal responsibility and accountability for safety, the Assets have all used an approach that embeds the Hearts and Minds process Making Change Last1. This resulted in a top-down cascade from senior managers setting out their safety expectations through one-to-one conversations down the line in order to seek buy-in from all direct reports. This covered everyone, from the leadership teams to the sharp end of the organisation, resulting in everyone being "crystal clear" in what is expected of them and what their personal role is, in delivering the company's goal of no harm to people.
In combination with this drive on personal accountability, other proactive intervention tools have been used to generate a bottom-up "pull" within the organisations. This paper explains how this approach has been operationalised by three countries and sets out how they are moving forward together by pooling "best practises" to create even better performance.
Improving HES Contractor Safety Performance in Western Venezuela
Authors: Chopite Luis , Barboza Fernando , McHugh Steve , Medina Joanna , Diaz Carlos 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Improving HES Contractors Safety Performance in Western Venezuela describes how the achievement of world class performance in contractor safety is one of the key ChevronTexaco Operational Excellence goals. In Western Venezuela ChevronTexaco operates two projects: Boscan, a large onshore heavy oil field and LL652, a light oil and gas field in Lake Maracaibo. These fields have a typical workforce of 400 ChevronTexaco/PDVSA employees and 1,500 contractors, who provide a full range of often highly technical, specialized support.
The full engagement and involvement of the contractors, the development of an aligned program and sharing of best practices were determined to be the critical success factors required to make a step change improvement in contractor safety performance.
In 2001, LL652 established a contractor safety council involving all of it's contractors. The council meets monthly, with full management representation from both ChevronTexaco and the contractor companies, to identify areas of improvement and share solutions across the project as a whole. Although the council is facilitated by ChevronTexaco, the agenda, discussion and actions arising are determined by the contractors. The success of the Council is such that LL652 has now gone over 2 years without a loss time incident (LTI).
The Use of Qualitative Health Hazard Assessment (QHHA) Process in a Service Company
Authors: Vizzini Dale , McCormick John , Disatell Joel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the Qualitative Health Hazard Assessment (QHHA) process. The process is used to determine the procedure level aspects and impacts of risks, as well as the order in which identified health hazards are evaluated. This process does not determine quantitatively if an exposure is within occupational exposure limits; rather, it models and ranks exposures for a more comprehensive evaluation that can determine exposure status.
Since it is virtually impossible to eliminate all possible occupational exposures, industrial hygienists strive to control the hazards to an acceptable level. In the complex and varied environments in which personnel perform their job duties, the assessment of exposures must use a logical, systematic approach to controlling these hazards, so that resources are focused where they are needed most. Additionally, the hygienist must be able to communicate with and engage operations personnel so that recommended control measures are clearly conveyed, understood, and implemented.
Continuing Medical Education Programs for Oilfield Health Personnel: Strategy to Improve Solving Capacities On-site and Strengthen the Emergency Response Plan
Authors: Zambrano Celly John J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this paper, continuing medical education (CME) programs for oilfield health personnel should be understood to be any (postgraduate) process of education, training, and updating of petroleum health professionals in the field of health care (occupational health, preventive medicine, and clinical and surgical performance) aiming to improve knowledge, skills, and attitudes.
In the petroleum industry, adequate response in cases of simple medical problems or complex emergencies is essential due to extreme working conditions and environments, particularly in field scenarios.
Oil-field workers could feel confident regarding health issues, depending the real capability to solve and handle, at least initially, any health problem by their field doctors or other health personnel.
In this context, CME could play an important role in increasing their problem-solving capabilities and become an important tool that brings together occupational health topics, preventive medicine, and clinical-surgical performance issues for health teams working in extreme conditions.
Routine preventive activities could be as strong as reactive medical measures. Also, if commonly applied, oilfield companies could secure some additional values such as standardized procedures and medical field requirements (by region or country), case management, and adequate treatments for common on-site medical problems, etcetera. Currently, these requirements may vary largely among companies and contractors within the same country or region, making it difficult to operate efficiently on a timesaving basis when an urgent work is required, or securing the optimal use of resources-including the emergency response plan (ERP) - for the best health performance.
These programs could be designed centrally (for common and oilfield relevant health topics) but also should arise as local demands, considering the need to solve real problems field health personnel face in their daily duties.
So, it seems reasonable to believe that the final positive impact of CME oilfield industry programs could support more efficient, comprehensive, integrated, and holistic medical services.
Investment in Occupational Health Reduces Arctic Operating Costs
Authors: Lawrie G. , Landry L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Schlumberger was concerned that medical costs at their Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, facilities had escalated significantly during 2000 and 2001. In March 2002, the company decided to take affirmative action and contracted Remote Services, Inc. to provide medical care to its 400 employees living and working in this remote location.
Remote Services provided two Physician Assistants (PAs) to manage the health care program. The PAs resided at the Schlumberger camp and were therefore able to provide a service on a 24/7 basis. This was a significant advantage as it enabled employees to seek preventative medical assistance after their working shift in the field.
The PAs provided the following services: trauma treatment, medical examinations, drug and alcohol testing, immunizations, legal compliance tests (respiratory testing, mask fit tests, audiometry), general health treatment (colds, viral infections, migraines), advice on diet and exercise regimes to improve overall health and stress, functional capacity testing and travel advice to staff visiting hazardous locations (e.g., malaria, West Nile disease, dengue fever).
This paper seeks to share best practices by describing how the services were used, a description of how each of the services provided a significant reduction in health exposure, the breakdown of activity in each category, and the tremendous reduction in workers compensation costs as a result of the introduction of the medical service. This paper will also describe the significant reduction in the number of staff members requiring a Medivac back to Anchorage to seek medical attention and the ensuing increase in worker morale as a result of having on-call medical attention.
The results have been very impressive and discussions with other North Slope contractors have resulted in several other companies employing Remote Services, Inc. in Alaska. The ability to set up mobile clinics in almost any environment has led to interest from mobile groups such as the seismic industry. There is scope to extend these services to any location across the world.