bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog; a review of seventy cases
Authors: BURNIE ANDREW G. , WEAVER A. DAVID 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe history, presenting signs, clinical and histopathological diagnosis, and outcome of seventy cases of urinary bladder neoplasia in the dog are described. Sixty‐two cases had primary tumours, 44 being transitional cell carcinomas and none survived post‐operatively for more than a few weeks. Several cases of papillomas were incidental findings at cystotomy for calculi. Factors in the poor prognosis included metastases, progressive uraemia associated with mechanical obstruction of the bladder neck or ureters due to site and size of the lesions and increasingly severe urinary tenesmus and haematuria.
Globoid cell leucodystrophy in a Basset hound
Authors: LUTTGEN P. J. , BRAUND K. G. , STORTS R. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA purebred four‐year‐old male Basset hound was presented to the Auburn University Small Animal Clinic in a paraparetic condition. Ante‐mortem examination and testing did not provide a definitive diagnosis. A diagnosis of globoid cell leucodystrophy was made pathologically.
Condylar fractures of the humerus in the dog; a review of 133 cases
Authors: DENNY H. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCase histories have been reviewed of 133 dogs with condylar fractures of the humerus. The fractures were divided into three types: lateral condylar, medial condylar and intercondylar. For each type the breed and age prevalence, the cause of fracture, the method of fixation and the results of treatment have been recorded.
Displacement of the glosso‐epiglottic mucosa in canine asphyxiate disease
Authors: BEDFORD P. G. C. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYPartial but extensive obstruction of the anterior laryngeal airway by displaced folds of glosso‐epiglottic mucosa can occur in dogs with chronic inspiratory dyspnoea, the effect being to further impair inspiration. Its occurrence in the brachycephalic types and the Chow Chow, its diagnosis and its surgical correction are described in this paper, together with some discussion of the condition as a contributory factor to laryngeal collapse in the canine species and its similarity to epiglottic entrapment in the horse.
Anaemia in a litter of Siamese kittens
Authors: FISHER E. W. , TOTH SARAH , COLLIER W. O. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAnaemias sufficiently severe to produce haemic cardiac murmurs were detected in four out of a litter of five Siamese kittens at 9 weeks of age. From the measurement of the haematologal parameters and examination of blood films, the anaemias were classified as iron deficiency complicated by haemobartonellosis. After two weeks, the murmurs disappeared and the anaemias were resolving but H. felis were still present in blood smears albeit in smaller numbers. Since the dam also had H. felis and there were no external parasites it is presumed that transmission occurred either transplacentally or via the milk.
Pituitary tumour causing neurological and endocrine disturbances in a dog
Authors: ALLISON R. M. M. , WATSON A. D. J. , CHURCH D. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐year‐old Labrador Retriever with behavioural change, mental depression, lethargy, abdominal enlargement and small testes was found to have bilateral adrenal hyperplasia secondary to an ACTH‐secreting pituitary tumour which encroached on the hypothalamus and thalamus. Additional hormonal abnormalities detected were hypothyroidism, deficiencies of gonadotrophins and testosterone, and impaired growth hormone response to insulin infusion.
Periparturient immunosuppression in the bitch and its influence on infection with Toxocara canis
Authors: LLOYD S. , AMERASINGHE P. H. , SOULSBY E. J. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPregnancy and lactation in dogs induced a marked suppression of their immunological responsiveness as judged by in vitro phytomitogen‐ and Toxocara canis antigen‐induced lymphocyte transformation. In addition, the eosinophilia otherwise seen following infection with T. canis was suppressed during the periparturient period. Coincidental with this periparturient immunosuppression was the occurrence of heavy infections with T. canis in the intestine of lactating bitches and the establishment of such infections perhaps may be related to the suppressed immune reactivity observed. These infections in the bitch appeared to be acquired primarily through the ingestion of immature stages of T. canis passed in the faeces of their puppies. The results demonstrate that the lactating bitch can be a major source of contamination of the environment with eggs of T. canis.
Meningeal sarcoma mimicking a sciatic neuropathy in a dog
Authors: SHORES ANDY , KAZACOS EVELYN , PARKER A. J. , CANTWELL H. D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 5‐year‐old Golden Retriever presented for lameness evaluation and removal of a dynamic compression plate on the left femur exhibited neurologic signs compatible with a left sciatic peripheral neuropathy. Radiographs revealed a healed fracture of the left femur and a slightly narrowed intervertebral disc space with ventral spondylosis at T12–13. An EMG demonstrated fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in the left hind limb muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve. Surgery was performed to remove the bone plate and explore the left sciatic nerve. The proximal 3 cm of the left peroneal nerve was surrounded by thick fibrous connective tissue and its diameter was smaller than the more distal segment. The dog's condition remained static for 4 weeks and then gradually progressed to paraparesis in 2 weeks. A neurologic examination at that time indicated a caudal lumbar spinal cord lesion and a myelogram confirmed an intradural mass at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The dog was destroyed and a necropsy performed. The histologic diagnosis was meningeal sarcoma.
A retrospective evaluation of four surgical methods of treating canine transmissible venereal tumour
Authors: IDOWU A. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA total of 109 lesions were treated in a total of 109 dogs and bitches using simple surgical excision or diathermy, with or without the simultaneous removal of the gonads. Evaluation of the case, 49 months after surgery, showed that 35 (32.1 per cent) of the tumours had regressed completely whilst 74 (67.9 per cent) had recurred. Excision using diathermy was the more effective treatment irrespective of whether the gonads were removed. There was a significant difference in the frequency of recurrence and the time interval for it to recur (P < 0.05 and P < 0.25 respectively) when the methods of treatment were compared, however castration of either males or females had no significant effect upon the frequency of recurrence.
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urethra in a dog
Authors: CLARK W. T. , SHAW S. E. , PASS D. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the clinical and pathological features of a case where a rhabdomyosarcoma developed in the pelvic urethra of a 12‐month‐old German Shepherd. The literature on rhabdomyosarcoma involving the canine urinary tract is reviewed.
Osteomyelitis in the dog and cat
Authors: STEAD A. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOsteomyelitis was seen in 38 dogs and five cats over a 10 year period. Seventy per cent of cases occurred as a complication of orthopaedic surgery. The remainder were due to spread from infective foci elsewhere in the body. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism isolated from long bones. Bone infection was responsible for delayed union in 13 fractures and non‐union in four. Surgical treatment was necessary for the resolution of most cases.
Familial nephropathy in the Cocker Spaniel
Authors: STEWARD A. P. , MACDOUGALL D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEight cases of familial nephropathy in Cocker Spaniels aged between 10 and 24 months were referred to the Renal Unit of the Small Animals Centre from 1977–1982 (cases 1–8). The disease took a rapid course and progressed to a fatal outcome within 2 months of what may have been an insidious onset. Five of these cases were from litters in which at least one other dog had died with uraemia.Autopsy material was received from twelve other young Cocker Spaniels. In four of these cases urinalysis was performed and in a further four; biochemical evidence of renal failure was obtained. The most striking pathological changes in the kidneys were found in the glomeruli.
Primary myocardial disease of cats in Britain: pathological findings in twelve cases
Authors: Rozengurt N. , Hayward A. H. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe importance of cardiomyopathy as a cause of heart disease in the cat has been well‐documented in the U.S.A., but has had little attention in the British literature.This paper records the pathological changes in 12 cats which were identified as cases of feline primary myocardial disease. The main lesions were dilatation of ventricles or atria, and degeneration and fibrosis in the myocardium. Of the 12 cats, three had been diagnosed as having iliac thromboembolism, shown on autopsy to be secondary to cardiomyopathy and atrial thrombosis. In the other cats signs were often vague, cardiac disease had not been suspected and varied clinical and symptomatic diagnoses had been considered.
Intra‐canalicular gelatin implants in lacrimal punctum surgery
Authors: STARTUP F. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTImplants of gelatin rods into the lacrimal canaliculus have been used in the human as a means of assessing the advantages of permanent punctum occlusion in cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Their use in the dog is suggested in similar circumstances but more especially following surgery of the puncta and canaliculi where haemorrhage might produce further post‐operative occlusion.
Posterior lenticonus, cataracts and microphthalmia; congenital ocular defects in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Authors: NARFSTRÖM KRISTINA , DUBIELZIG RICHARD 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEleven cases of congenital ocular defects were found in the screening of 144 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels in Sweden. Mainly posterior lenticonus, cataracts and microphthalmia were observed in the affected dogs, most of which were interrelated. Pathology was obtained from one of the cases demonstrating bilateral posterior lens capsule rupture with an unusual cellular reaction of the exposed lens material.
Immotile cilia syndrome in two Old English Sheepdog litter‐mates
Authors: RANDOLPH J. F. , CASTLEMAN W. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo Old English Sheepdog litter‐mates with chronic respiratory disease since birth had ultrastructural abnormalities of their respiratory tract cilia. The ciliary defects included lack of inner dynein arms, abnormal radial spokes and nexin links, and microtubule doublet displacement. Similar ciliary defects in man result in immotile cilia with the subsequent development of sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis, male sterility, and, in some cases, situs inversus. Both dogs had sinusitis and bronchiectasis, and one of the dogs also had situs inversus.
Ins and outs of bladder function
Authors: Michell A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn understanding of normal bladder function provides a basis for the interpretation of disturbances of micturition, notably where they are caused by trauma. Knowledge of the underlying mechanisms can contribute significantly to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment although it remains true that both bladder physiology and its disturbances are incompletely understood. This paper aims to provide a reasonably concise survey of the relevant physiology and pharmacology and its implications for those dealing with urological abnormalities.
Copper toxicosis in Bedlington Terriers in the United Kingdom
Authors: KELLY D. F. , HAYWOOD S. , BENNETT A. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper summarizes the clinical and laboratory data on two adult Bedlington Terriers with liver disease associated with copper toxicosis. The younger dog, at 3 years, had elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase with active parenchymal cell degeneration and hepatitis. The second dog developed chronic hepatic failure at 5 years with advanced cirrhosis. Both dogs had stainable copper granules in the liver and chemical analysis of their livers revealed elevated copper contents (1,027 and 10,728 μg/g dry weight; normal less than 300 μg/g). These are the first published cases of this inherited abnormality of copper metabolism in this breed in this country.
Post‐operative analgesia in the dog: a comparison of morphine, buprenorphine and pentazocine
Authors: TAYLOR POLLY M. , HOULTON JOHN E. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe efficacy of buprenorphine and pentazocine in controlling pain in dogs following orthopaedic surgery was compared with that of morphine. All three analgesics provided effective pain relief with no undesirable side effects.
Radioimmunoassay of serum total thyroxine and triiodothyronine in healthy cats: assay methodology and effects of age, sex, breed, heredity and environment.
Authors: THODAY K. L. , SETH J. , ELTON R. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDouble antibody radioimmunoassays for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were established for use in cats, using standards in T4‐and T3‐free, normal cat serum. The assay working ranges were 5–200 nmol/1 for T4 and 0.125‐10 nmol/1 for T3. Recovery of added hormone was 106 per cent ± 5.9 for T4 and 104 per cent ± 8.5 for T3 (mean ± 1 s.d.). Mean between‐assay coefficients of variation (c.v.) were 6.6 per cent for T4 and 12–1 per cent for T3.Serum total T4 levels of 318 and total T3 levels of 299 healthy cats aged 4 months to 13 years were measured. Mean ± 1 s.d. values were 26.1 ± 10.1 nmol/1 for T4 and 0.69 ± 0.29 nmol/1 for T3. T4 and T3 concentrations within individual animals were highly correlated. T4 levels in both sexes tended to decrease until approximately 5 years of age and then rise again. A similar, though less pronounced effect, was found for T3, concentrations for older cats levelling out rather than rising.For any given age, females and neutered females tended to have significantly higher T4 values than males and neutered males, but such effects were not significant for T3. When other effects were accounted for, the effects of neutering were not significant for levels of either hormone. Pedigree animals tended to have higher levels of T3 at any given age than domestic short‐ and long‐haired cats taken as one group. Animals living in the same environment had significantly similar T4 levels and T3 levels. For T3, this appeared to be due to a definite genetic component, but it was not possible to differentiate between environmental and genetic effects for T4.
An outbreak of white spot disease (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis) in young fingerling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson)
Authors: MAJEED S. K. , GOPINATH C. , JOLLY D. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of white spot disease (‘Ich’) in fingerling rainbow trout is reported. Approximately 3,000 fish died or were killed in extremis in a period of 5 weeks. Post mortem examinations were carried out on 12 fish, all of which showed thickened whitish foci on the skin. One fish showed skin ulceration and another gill ulcerations. The gill infestation was more severe than the skin. Pathological results are described and discussed.
Tremor syndrome and hypomyelination in Lurcher pups
Authors: MAYHEW I. G. , BLAKEMORE W. F. , PALMER A. C. , CLARKE C. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo male Lurcher pups had continual tremor of the head, trunk and limbs when they began to walk. One pup recovered completely by 16 weeks of age while signs in the other remained static and it was destroyed at 8 weeks of age. Routine examination of haematoxylin and eosin stained, paraffin embedded nervous tissue failed to reveal obvious abnormality but hypomyelination of the spinal cord white matter was found on examination of plastic embedded material. The rôles played by genetic factors and in‐utero viral and toxic insults in the pathogenesis of hypomyelination and tremor syndromes in dogs are discussed and a plan is offered for evaluating future cases of these conditions.
Bitch fertility after natural mating and after artificial insemination with fresh or frozen semen
Authors: FARSTAD W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe birth rate and fecundity of 92 bitches of 32 different breeds mated naturally or following artificial insemination of fresh or frozen semen were compared. The birth rate after natural service was 92 per cent compared with 84 per cent when fresh semen was deposited in the uterine body. When frozen semen was inseminated intra‐uterine a birth rate of 67 per cent was obtained whilst a figure of 25 per cent was obtained following intra‐vaginal insemination of fresh semen. There were no differences in litter size.
The management of tendon injuries in dogs
Authors: VAUGHAN L. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn account is provided of the management of 68 dogs with tendon injury. Of the 33 with Achilles rupture, 23 sustained tendon severance, seven had disrupted the gastrocnemius muscle/tendon junction, and in three an attachment of the gastrocnemius was avulsed. The standard operative procedure comprised fixing the hock in extension with a screw, and exploring the damaged structures with a view to repair and the introduction of carbon fibre implants. The majority regained normal limb use and the main complications concerned loosening or fracture of the screw.The 32 with digital flexor tendon severance had cuts, on a fore foot in nine and a hind foot in 23. Exploration and reconstruction were routinely practised and carbon fibre implants were frequently used. The standard of recovery was good in those dealt with fresh but was less satisfactory in chronic cases.The two dogs with digital extensor tendon and the one with flexor carpi ulnaris tendon severance responded well to repair.
Myelography in the cat
Authors: WHEELER S. J. , JONES D. G. CLAYTON , WRIGHT J. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of 18 myelograms in cats are recorded. All were performed following cisternal puncture. Three different water‐soluble contrast agents were used. The technical considerations are discussed and the features of normal and abnormal myelograms described.
An unusual complication of pyometra in a cat
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA stray domestic cat had been treated by ovario‐hysterectomy for the relief of pyometra. She subsequently was presented with a history of severe straining. Laparotomy revealed a distended pus‐filled vagina, which on removal proved to have no caudal exit. The lesion is described and its possible aetiology is discussed.
Two cases of pemphigus erythematosus (the Senear‐Usher syndrome) in the dog
Authors: BENNETT D. , KELLY D. F. , KIRKHAM D. , EDGAR A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and diagnostic features of two cases of pemphigus erythematosus in the dog are described. This disease, which is one of the autoimmune bullous skin diseases, should be included in the differential diagnosis of nasal dermatitis or of so‐called ‘Collie‐nose’.
Antimicrobial prophylaxis in canine surgery
Authors: JR A. E. J. M. VAN DEN BOGAARD , WEIDEMA W. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn 1961, Burke showed that antibiotics affect primary wound infections favourably only if they are administered before or shortly after bacterial contamination. The effect is optimal if there is already an effective tissue concentration at the time of contamination. During surgery the animal's resistance is strongly reduced, and consequently an infection may be caused by an inoculum present in a rather low concentration, at least lower than in normal circumstances. This reduced resistance lasts until only a few hours after operation. Prophylactic use of antibiotics therefore needs to be continued only for a short time after the final stage of the operation. A great number of clinical trials in human surgery have shown that short term peri‐operative prophylactic use of antibiotics causes a reduction in the incidence of post‐operative septic complications, in certain categories of operations and in selected groups of patients.Until properly designed, prospective, randomized and controlled clinical trials have been done in small animal clinics, it seems sensible to apply the abundant results from research with experimental animals and from clinical trials in human medicine to small animal surgery.Prophylactic use of antibiotics is indicated if the infection risks or dangers of possible complications are greater than the disadvantages of regular use of antibiotics.The risk factors in the development of wound infections and the choice of antibiotics are discussed.
Is this disease inherited? A discussion paper with some guidelines for canine conditions
Authors: PIDDUCK HEATHER 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBreeders of pedigree dogs and veterinarians engaged in small animal practice are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of genetic make‐up in a variety of disease states. Detailed and accurate breeding records are invariably kept by pedigree dog breeders and these provide a useful starting point to an investigation. A suspicion that the underlying cause of a disorder is genetic has a considerable influence on the advice given to a breeder by a veterinarian, but it is often difficult to formulate precise breeding advice because a complete genetic explanation is elusive. This article gives some guidelines for investigating possible genetic contributions to disease by looking at well known examples of inherited disorders in man and companion animals and how their incidences may be reduced.
Sesamoid disease as a cause of lameness in young dogs
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , KELLY D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA degenerative disease of the volar sesamoid bones of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints is described in young dogs of the larger breeds. It is characterized by degenerative changes in the articular cartilage of the sesamoid bones and by calcification within their ligamentous attachments. The lesion can be associated with lameness although it can also be asymptomatic. In many cases, other orthopaedic lesions are present in the dog which makes clinical assessment difficult. Treatment is by surgical removal of the affected sesamoid bone. This is the first report of this particular clinical entity which has been designated sesamoid disease.
Clinical staging for oropharyngeal malignancies in the dog
Authors: WHITE R. A. S. , JEFFERIES A. R. , FREEDMAN L. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred dogs bearing malignancies of the oropharyngeal region were examined over a three‐year period and prospectively staged using the World Health Organisation TNM Classification of Tumours of Domestic Animals. Primary tumours were characterized by their large size or local infiltration (71 per cent, T3 status) and invasion into adjacent bone (60 per cent, Tb status). Regional lymph node metastasis was less common (17 per cent, N1b, N2b or N3 status) and distant metastasis was an unusual presenting feature (5 per cent, M1 status). The early Stage I and II tumours together accounted for 8 per cent of the total series whilst the more advanced Stage III group were by far the most frequent, representing 84 per cent. The remaining 8 per cent being classified as Stage IV because of extensive regional or distance metastatic deposits. Prognoses by stage showed actuarial survival rates at 12 months of 100 per cent for Stage I, 71 per cent for Stage II, 31 per cent for Stage III with no survivors in the Stage IV group. Survival rates for the major histological types were 44 per cent for the non‐tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, 22 per cent for the tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcomas, 17 per cent for mastocytomas whilst none of the malignant melanomata survived 12 months.