bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLACING LEGITIMACY: ORGANISING RELIGIOUS SUPPORT IN A HOSPITAL WORKERS’ CONTRACT CAMPAIGN1
Authors: SZIARTO KRISTIN M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractReligion‐labour alliances, like other faith‐based and religious organisations, raise questions about the invocation of religion to establish moral authority and political legitimacy in Western democracies. This paper argues that legitimacy should be understood as produced through spatio‐temporally contingent practices. The question of legitimacy is explored through a case study of the activities of a religion‐labour alliance in an urban hospital workers’ contract campaign. The paper traces the work of religion‐labour organising through the multiple space‐times of the campaign. As religion‐labour organising negotiates various habituses, attempting to legitimate itself as well as the union's struggle, it draws on not only religious discourses, but discourses of human rights, democratic deliberation, and social scientific evidence. The analysis is based on participant observation throughout the campaign, interviews with coalition members and other union staff, and internal documents and public reports from the campaign.
GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES IN BLOOD DONATION AND PHILANTHROPY IN THE NETHERLANDS – WHAT ROLE FOR SOCIAL CAPITAL?
Authors: BEKKERS RENÉ , VELDHUIZEN INGRID 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe key question addressed in this paper is whether geographical differences in blood donation and philanthropy reflect differences in social capital. We do find considerable spatial variation in blood donation and philanthropy between municipalities in the Netherlands. But we do not find that blood donation and philanthropy have strong or even moderately positive relations with each other or with indicators of prosocial norms and engagement in voluntary associations. However, voter turnout is strongly related to both blood donation and philanthropy. We conclude that the spatial variation in blood donation and philanthropy is not due to differences in social capital.
TWO NEGLECTED CLASSICS OF COMPARATIVE ETHICS
Authors: Davis G. Scott 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTMary Douglas's Purity and Danger and Herbert Fingarette's Confucius: The Secular as Sacred have had a continuous impact on cultural anthropology and the study of ancient Chinese thought, respectively, but neither has typically been read as a contribution to comparative religious ethics. This paper argues that both books developed from profound dissatisfaction with the empiricist presuppositions that dominated their fields into the 1970s and that both should be associated with the revival of American pragmatism that is currently driving a reinterpretation of ethics as a social practice embedded in historically contingent discourse about agency, virtue, and social organization. This pragmatic turn results in a shift of comparative ethics away from issues of methods and metaethics in the direction of history and fieldwork as the preconditions for useful comparison.
JUDGING OTHERS: History, Ethics, and the Purposes of Comparison
Authors: Stalnaker Aaron 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe most interesting and perilous issue at present in comparative religious ethics is comparative ethical judgment—when and how to judge others, if at all. There are understandable historical and conceptual reasons for the current tendency to prefer descriptive over normative work in comparative religious ethics. However, judging those we study is inescapable—it can be suppressed or marginalized but not eliminated. Therefore, the real question is how to judge others (and ourselves) well, not whether to judge. Instead of bringing supposedly universal moral scoring systems to bear on reified “traditions” and “cultures,” it would be better to focus on the precise details of particular practices, motifs, and theories in various settings, and compare them with an eye to substantive issues of current ethical concern.
Sunscreens – what's important to know
Authors: Antoniou C , Kosmadaki MG , Stratigos AJ , Katsambas AD 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe popularity of sunscreens dramatically increased since ultraviolet irradiation was implicated in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and skin ageing. The absorption properties, safety, photostability of different organic and inorganic filters are reviewed: para‐aminobenzoic acid, salicylates, cinnamates, benzophenones, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), drometrizole trisulphonic (Mexoryl XL), terephthalydene dicamphor sulphonic acid (Mexoryl SX), methylene bisbenzotriazol tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinasorb M), anisotriazine (Tinasorb S), titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. Furthermore, this review discusses the optimal methods for measuring the protection that a sunscreen offers, the role of sunscreen use in melanoma prevention and future trends in sunscreen filters development.
Cutaneous events during treatment of chronic inflammatory joint disorders with anti‐tumour necrosis factor alpha: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Davaine AC , Saraux A , Prigent S , Kupfer‐Bessaguet I , Roswag D , Plantin P , Schoenlaub P , Talarmin F , Zagnoli A , Misery L 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground  Anti‐tumour necrosis factors (anti‐TNF) are more and more used, but the rate of skin adverse events is not known.Objective  The aim was to assess the number of skin infections and other dermatoses in patients treated with anti‐TNFα.Patients and methods  One hundred eighty‐seven patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis underwent a dermatological exam. Patients with anti‐TNF were compared with those without this treatment in a prospective transversal study.Results  Among them, 59 patients were treated with anti‐TNFα and steroids were prescribed in 100 cases. There was no difference in the prevalence of skin infections or eczema or tumours. Skin drug reactions were observed in six patients. Infections by dermatophytes appear very frequent, approaching 70% in both groups.Conclusions  This study shows that skin infections (or other skin diseases) are not more frequent in these patients. No differences were observed in infections (bacterial fungal, parasital or viral), tumours, psoriasis or the manifestations of atopic dermatitis. Nonetheless, a long‐term survey might be interesting, especially about skin tumours.
Do sexual offenders with learning disabilities benefit from sex offender treatment programmes?
Authors: Henson Teresa 
Published: August 2008

Accessible summary

This article is about sex offender treatment programmes in prison.
It compares the experience of sex offenders with and without a learning disability through the experience of a man who has been called Sam.
It is much harder for an offender with learning disability to finish the programme.
Different types of learning disability need different approaches.
It will be much harder for an offender with learning disabilities to be released from prison because of changes in sentencing.

SummaryThis article discusses some of the clinical and practical issues in relation to sex offender treatment in prisons and compares, through the experience of one offender who has been called Sam, how the experiences may differ between offenders with and without learning disabilities. It gives a brief overview of how programmes have developed in prisons and describes differences between the Sex Offender Treatment Programme and the Adapted Programme. It highlights how offenders with learning disabilities are severely disadvantaged by the programmes and how current sentencing practice will discriminate against this group in terms of not being able to demonstrate reduction of risk, resulting in offenders with learning disability remaining in prison for ever extending periods.
Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores of the Cape hyrax Procavia capensis
Authors: Yoshimura Ken , Hama Natsuki , Shindo Junji , Kobayashi Kan , Kageyama Ikuo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe examined the epithelial surface and connective tissue cores (CTCs) of each lingual papilla on the Paenungulata, Cape hyrax (Procavia capensis), by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The tongue consisted of a lingual apex, lingual body and lingual root. Filiform, fungiform and foliate papillae were observed on the dorsal surface of the tongue; however, fungiform papillae were quite diminished on the lingual prominence. Moreover, no clearly distinguishable vallate papillae were found on the tongue. Instead of vallate papillae, numerous dome‐like large fungiform papillae were arranged in a row just in front of the rather large foliate papillae. Foliate papillae were situated in the one‐third postero‐lateral margin of the lingual body. The epithelium of filiform papillae was covered by a keratinized layer with kerato‐hyaline granules, whereas weak keratinization was observed on the interpapillary epithelium. The external surface of the filiform papillae was conical in shape. CTCs of the filiform papillae were seen as a hood‐like core with a semicircular concavity in the anterior portion of each core. Large filiform papillae were distributed on the lingual prominence. The CTCs of large filiform papillae after exfoliation of their epithelium consisted of a concave primary core and were associated with several small protrusions. The surface of fungiform papillae was smooth and dome‐like. After removal of the epithelium, CTCs appeared as a flower bud‐like primary core and were associated with several protrusions that were arranged on the rim of the primary core. Several taste buds were found on the top of the dorsal part of the epithelium of both fungiform and large fungiform papillae. Well‐developed foliate papillae were seen and numerous taste buds could be observed in the lateral wall of the epithelium in a slit‐like groove. The morphological characteristics of the tongue of the Cape hyrax had similarities with other Paenungulata such as Sirenia. However, three‐dimensional characteristics, especially CTCs of lingual papillae, exhibited multiple similarities with rodents, insectivores and artiodactyls.
Does urbanization influence the spatial ecology of Gila monsters in the Sonoran Desert?
Authors: Kwiatkowski M. A. , Schuett G. W. , Repp R. A. , Nowak E. M. , Sullivan B. K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo assess whether urbanization influences the spatial ecology of a rare and protected venomous reptilian predator, the Gila monster Heloderma suspectum, we compared home range (HR) size and movement parameters at three sites varying in degree of urbanization in the Sonoran Desert. We predicted that the urban population of H. suspectum would exhibit smaller HRs, avoid human structures and show less movement. Multivariate analysis indicated that males generally exhibited larger HRs and had higher movement rates and activity levels than females at all three sites. Contrary to our predictions, however, HR size and movement parameters did not vary across the sites in relation to the level of urbanization. At the urban site, individuals often crossed narrow roads and regularly used artificial structures as refuges for extended periods. Furthermore, the population sex ratio at the urban site was female‐biased, consistent with the expectation that occupation of larger HRs and higher movement rates results in higher mortality for males in urbanized areas. Gila monsters did not appear to alter certain aspects of their spatial ecology in response to low levels of human activity but additional work will be required to assess population viability and possible effects in the long term and with higher levels of urbanization.
A rheological evaluation of concentrated casein systems as replacement for gluten: calcium effects
Authors: STATHOPOULOS COSTAS E , O’KENNEDY BRENDAN T. 
Published: August 2008

Gluten substitution in the production of bread suitable for celiacs is challenging due to the unique viscoelastic properties of gluten. Caseinates are widely used for their functional properties, and in this study a production protocol for an aggregated casein‐based ingredient fortified with Ca was developed. It was envisaged that the S‐S bonds that govern the properties of gluten would be replaced by Ca+ bonds, and the effect of calcium concentration on the yield, texture and rheology has been evaluated. The aggregated casein samples produced were more elastic than gluten, but their behaviour under heating was significantly different. A concentration of 30 mg Ca/g protein appeared to provide the platform for a material that under the correct ionic and temperature conditions could provide a single ingredient for gluten substitution.
Investigation of the effects of mechanical post‐processing with a colloid mill on the texture properties of stirred yogurt
Authors: WEIDENDORFER KONRAD , BIENIAS ANDREA , HINRICHS JÖRG 
Published: August 2008

Texture properties of stirred low‐fat yogurt were investigated in terms of processing after fermentation. The yogurt gel was pumped through a colloid mill at two gap widths and various peripheral velocities of the rotor. The storage modulus and yield stress were measured after 1 day and after 3 weeks, and the occurrence of syneresis was noted. The main factor for the structural degradation in the shear gap was the mean peripheral velocity of the rotor, rather than the apparent shear rate. Syneresis is related to a certain level of the storage modulus. The yield stress correlated with the storage modulus.
Molecular changes in the intermediate medial mesopallium after a one trial avoidance learning in immature and mature chickens
Authors: Atkinson Rebbekah , Migues Paola V. , Hunter Mick , Rostas John A. P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBecause brain maturation in chickens is protracted and occurs well after the major developmental period of synaptogenesis, chicken forebrain is suitable to investigate whether the molecular mechanisms underlying memory consolidation are different in immature and mature animals. We have used antibodies and western blotting to analyze subcellular fractions from the intermediate medial mesopallium region of 14‐day and 8‐week chicken forebrain prepared 0, 45, and 120 min after learning a discriminative taste avoidance task. At both ages learning induced changes in the phosphorylation of the glutamate receptor subunit 1 at Ser831, the levels of calcium‐calmodulin stimulated/dependent protein kinase II and the phosphorylation of calcium‐calmodulin stimulated/dependent protein kinase II at Thr286 were observed only in the fraction enriched in post‐synaptic densities. The changes were of the same type at the two ages but occurred faster in mature animals. The changes in extracellular signal regulated kinase and phosphorylated‐extracellular signal regulated kinase were more complex with different subcellular fractions showing different patterns of change at the two ages. These results imply that the molecular changes induced by learning a behavioral task are faster in mature than immature brain and may involve a different balance of intracellular signaling pathways.
c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases trigger both degeneration and neurite outgrowth in primary hippocampal and cortical neurons
Authors: Eminel S. , Roemer L. , Waetzig V. , Herdegen T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe provide a comprehensive analysis on c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) actions leading to death or differentiation in postnatal hippocampal and cortical neurons. Stimulation with glutamate or 6‐hydroxy‐dopamine caused activation of caspase‐3 and apoptotic neuronal death which were both attenuated by JNK‐inhibition. In cortical neurons, stress‐induced nuclear JNK distribution was rather complex. We observed a decrease of activated and total JNK in the nucleus after stimulation, but an increase of the phosphorylated transcription factor c‐Jun. Isoform‐analysis revealed a nuclear translocation of JNK2, while nuclear protein levels of JNK1 decreased. This activation pattern differed from neurite formation. In hippocampal and cortical neurons, JNK activity continuously increased during neuritogenesis, whereas levels of phosphorylated c‐Jun gradually declined. Despite these similarities, JNK inhibition by SP600125 only affected neurite outgrowth in hippocampal cells. Furthermore, experiments in JNK‐deficient mice demonstrated that all JNK isoforms contributed to neuritogenesis. Summarizing, JNKs are involved in both neuritogenesis and death of primary neurons with differentially regulated nuclear translocation of specific isoforms after degenerative stress, while neuritogenesis is supported by all JNK isoforms.
Depression among elderly people with and without heart failure, managed in a primary healthcare setting
Authors: Hägglund Lena , Boman Kurt , Lundman Berit , Brulin Christine 
Published: August 2008

Background and research objectives:  Depression is common among patients with heart failure (HF) and among elderly in general. Problems in diagnosing and care planning can arise as symptoms of HF, dyspnoea and especially fatigue, are nonspecific and also overlap with symptoms of depression. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and compare degrees of depression among patients with confirmed HF, patients with symptoms similar to HF (no heart failure, NHF) and a reference group in one primary healthcare centre (PHC), after adjusting for background characteristics and fatigue.Subjects and methods:  A descriptive case‐reference study was conducted in one PHC in a middle‐sized city. Participants were 49 patients with confirmed HF, 59 patients with symptoms similar to HF (NHF) and 40 people in a reference group. After informed consent data were collected by structured interviews using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory‐20. Odds ratios for the outcomes HF vs. NHF, HF vs. reference group, and NHF vs. reference group were calculated.Results:  The HF and NHF groups had similar degrees of depression which were significantly higher than for the reference group. This difference between the groups did not remain significant when adjusting for physical fatigue. More patients in the NHF than in the HF group were living alone and there were more women in the NHF than in the reference group.Conclusions:  Prevalence of depression and degrees of fatigue were higher among elderly from a PHC who experienced HF symptoms, independent of objectively measured heart function, compared with elderly without such symptoms. When comparing degrees of depression between the three groups and adjusting for fatigue, the physical dimension of fatigue was of greater importance in explaining group differences.
Radiographers’ areas of professional competence related to good nursing care
Authors: Andersson Bodil T. , Fridlund Bengt , Elgán Carina , Axelsson Åsa B. 
Published: August 2008

Background:  Radiographers’ ability and competence is a matter of vital importance for patients. Nursing care is an integral part of the radiographer’s work. The demand for high competence in clinical activities has increased in diagnostic radiology and has had an impact on the development of the profession.Aim:  The aim was to describe the radiographer’s areas of professional competence in relation to good nursing care based on critical incidents that occur in the course of radiological examinations and interventions.Method:  A descriptive design with a qualitative approach, using the Critical Incident Technique was employed. Interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of registered radiographers (n = 14), based at different hospitals in Sweden.Ethical issues:  The appropriate ethical principles were followed. All the participants provided informed consent, and formal approval for conducting the research was obtained according to national and local directives.Results:  The data analysis resulted in two main areas; direct and indirect patient‐related areas of competence, which describe the radiographers’ skills that either facilitate or hinder good nursing care. In the direct patient‐related area of competence, four categories emerged, which illustrate good nursing care in the patient’s immediate surroundings. In the indirect patient‐related area of competence, four categories illuminated good nursing care that is provided without direct contact with the patient.Conclusions:  The study highlights the different areas of the radiographer’s unique professional competence. The findings provide insight into the radiographer’s profession, on one hand as a carer and on the other as a medical technologist as well as highlighting the importance of each role. The radiographer’s work encompasses a variety of components – from caring for the patient to handling and checking the technical equipment.
Experiences of appearance‐related teasing and bullying in skin diseases and their psychological sequelae: results of a qualitative study
Authors: Magin Parker , Adams Jon , Heading Gaynor , Pond Dimity , Smith Wayne 
Published: August 2008

Acne, psoriasis and atopic eczema are common diseases and have been consistently associated with adverse psychological sequelae including stigmatization. Being teased on the basis of appearance has been associated with psychiatric morbidity in children and adolescents. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of teasing and bullying in patients with acne, psoriasis and eczema, and the role of appearance‐related teasing and bullying as mediators of psychological morbidity in these patients. Data collection consisted of 62 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with patients with acne, psoriasis or atopic eczema recruited from both specialist dermatology and general practices. Data analysis was cumulative and concurrent throughout the data collection period reflecting a grounded theory approach. Analysis followed the analytic induction method, allowing themes to emerge from the data.Teasing, taunting or bullying was a considerable problem for a significant minority of acne, psoriasis and atopic eczema participants. Themes that emerged were the universally negative nature of the teasing, the use of teasing as an instrument of social exclusion, and as a means of establishing or enforcing power relationships, teasing related to contagion and fear, the emotional and psychological sequelae of teasing and the theme of ‘insensate’ teasing.For those who had suffered teasing or bullying, this was causally linked in respondents’ accounts with psychological sequelae, especially self‐consciousness and effects on self‐image and self‐esteem. Experiences of teasing and bullying were found to have principally occurred during the adolescence of participants and the perpetrators were other adolescents, but there were findings of respondents with psoriasis also having been subjected to ridicule or derogatory remarks by health professionals.Teasing, taunting and bullying may represent an underappreciated source of psychological morbidity in children and adolescents with these common skin diseases.