bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The better health club: A model for global, interdisciplinary learning in lifestyle medicine
Authors: Paddon Lawrence , Storoschuk Kristi L. , Acuna Vivienne , Ariaye Arian , Brandon Olivia , Leo Nicolas Di , Gharios Ryan , Zapanta Kaylie , Wood Thomas R. , Horner David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContemporary students increasingly benefit from non‐hierarchical education, including peer‐led work, which moves beyond more ridged traditional educational structures. Such approaches encourage engagement, two‐way communication, diversity of thought and collaboration. This piece shares the stories and experiences of students with a shared interest in health promotion and lifestyle medicine who took part in a peer‐led, internationally based online student group. The forum aimed to provide a space for students to explore and discuss diverse topics within the health sphere in an attempt to bridge the gap between areas of expertise and education. The group capitalised on the normalisation of remote video meetings following the COVID‐19 pandemic to bring together a small group of diverse students from across the globe on a weekly basis for journal clubs, presentations, debates and guest lectures. Group member feedback was obtained and highlighted key gaps in much traditional education, which the group addressed. These included moving beyond educational and research silos, the importance of preventative health approaches and the need for more judgement‐free and inclusive learning environments. Alignment with the current health landscape and potential for scaling the group format more widely is discussed. The article concludes by emphasising the advantages of this approach in fostering a network of learners prepared to tackle future health challenges.
Automated monitoring of early life‐stage development in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) embryos exposed to a reference toxicant
Authors: Williamson David R. , Togunov Ron R. , Davies Emlyn J. , Ludvigsen Martin , Hansen Bjørn Henrik 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly life stages of fish are widely used for regulatory toxicity testing, and marine fish display high sensitivity to pollutant exposure. Exposure to pollutants during embryogenesis causes acute effects on embryonic development and survival, but also sub‐lethal impacts manifested as maldeveloped larvae. Acquiring time‐ and exposure‐dependent responses to pollutant exposure and other stressors in small organisms is labor intensive and often subjective. This leads to studies obtaining small sample sizes, with measurements often made infrequently during development. Automated monitoring methods can maintain consistency between measurements and allow many more measurements to be made, improving the quantity and quality of such data. We exposed Atlantic cod embryos to 3,4‐dichloroaniline, a reference chemical widely used as a positive control agent in regulatory fish embryo toxicity testing. We monitored their growth through daily imaging with an automated flow‐through imaging system. Biologically relevant sublethal endpoints were estimated from these images with a neural network and traditional machine vision methods. We demonstrate the automated capture and analysis of tens of thousands of images, producing detailed morphometric data from hundreds of fish over a 10‐d study period, and assess the effectiveness of the automated system. The automated method presented allows measurements to be made frequently without sacrificing the sampled organisms, making detailed time series of development obtainable. We show dose‐dependent effects of the toxicant on development and capture nonlinear responses that would not be attainable under a conventional manual sampling regime.
Dynamic game evolution complexity of new energy and fuel vehicle manufacturers under carbon cap‐and‐trade policy
Authors: Ma Junhai , Bao Binshuo , Liu Lixia , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsidering customers' preferences for low‐carbon products, the paper delves into the short‐run and long‐run repetitive game involving three oligopolistic manufacturers engaged in the production of new energy vehicles (hybrid electric vehicles [HEV] and battery electric vehicles [BEV]) and conventional fuel vehicles (FV) within the framework of a carbon cap‐and‐trade policy (CaT). In the short‐run game model, this study explores the optimal decision of oligarchic manufacturers and analyzes the efficiency of the supply chain in the context of cooperation and non‐cooperation. In the long‐run repetitive scenario, the article examines the optimal decision of the manufacturer, assuming rational economic behavior aimed at maximizing individual profits within a non‐cooperation game strategy. Finally, the paper investigates the elements that influence the efficiency of the supply chain. The results reveal that (1) fuel vehicles possess greater flexibility in adjusting parameters compared to the other vehicle types; a judicious increase in manufacturers' price adjustment parameters in the stability domain is beneficial to their respective profits and enhances the overall supply chain profitability. (2) Maintaining customers' preference for low‐carbon products within a reasonable range is crucial for the mutual benefit of all manufacturers. (3) The government needs to allocate more carbon emission limits to fuel vehicle manufacturers in order to improve supply chain efficiency.
Cost effective and efficient technique for removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water
Authors: Mai Steven 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals, which can leak into the surrounding environment, such as water and soil, from water‐resistant manufactured products where they remain highly persistent due to their strong chemical bonds. PFAS have been found in human blood and can cause thyroid disease, increased cholesterol levels, liver damage, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer in humans. The goal of this study is to test the effectiveness of sorption and degradation removal methods on PFAS. The sorption method involves the use of biochar. Biochar can hold the PFAS in a concentrated area through electrostatic and hydrophobic properties. The degradation method involves using powerful ultraviolet (UV) light, in which free radicals will be produced and help break down PFAS molecules into simpler ones such as carbon and fluorine. The sorption experiment tested various modified corn biochar and the effect on perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). It was found that biochar did have a positive removal effect on PFBS, and the biochar with the most modifications had the highest removal rate. The degradation experiment tested the effect of UV light and other modifications on PFBS. It was found that UV light did have a positive removal effect on PFBS, and the UV light combined with other modifications had a higher removal effect.
Effect of vaccine recommendations on consumer and firm behavior
Authors: Churchill Brandyn F. , Henkhaus Laura E. , Lawler Emily C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe provide novel evidence on how firms and patients respond to vaccine recommendations. In 2014, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended that elderly adults receive the pneumococcal vaccine Prevnar 13. Using a difference‐in‐differences strategy, we first show that, following the recommendation, the manufacturer (Pfizer) increased direct‐to‐consumer advertising. We then document increased Prevnar 13–related information‐seeking behavior, and we show that targeted adults were more likely to have received a pneumococcal vaccine and were more connected to the health care system. Overall, the recommendation increased both Medicare Part B drug expenditures and Pfizer sales by approximately $1 billion annually, with little to no observable health benefits.
Exposure of Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) to humans reduces behavioural responses to potential threats
Authors: Zukerman Yuval , Berger‐Tal Oded 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The spatial expansion of human populations has increased the overlap between humans and wildlife, leading to the greater tolerance of many wildlife species to humans. However, our current understanding of the consequences of such tolerance is limited. In particular, we lack information on whether reduced behavioural responses to humans are indicative of reduced responses to other potential threats.

We made use of a unique natural system comprising geographically adjacent, but nevertheless separate, populations of the threatened Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) that are exposed to different levels of human disturbance to test the effects of exposure to humans on ibex behavioural responses to other stimuli.

We measured flight initiation distance (FID) and alert distance (AD) in males approached by four different stimuli: a human, a human with a dog, a novel object, and a leopard model.

Both FID and AD decreased for all stimuli as the human exposure level increased. Ibex in areas that are highly exposed to humans reduced their behavioural responses to humans more strongly compared to other stimuli. These findings suggest that tolerance for humans may be the product of several complementary behavioural mechanisms (such as habituation and non‐random dispersal).

Policy implications. Our findings align with the concern that animals highly exposed to human beings may be less capable of surviving in the wild. Our results also emphasize that the interactions between people and wild animals (such as feeding them) determine the behavioural responses of wild animals, shaping patterns of human–wildlife conflict and co‐existence.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid and submandibular glands in children and young adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Phillips Alisa L. , Li Cai , Liang Jia , Sheyn Anthony , Rastatter Jeffrey C. , Chelius Daniel C. , Orbach Daniel , Richard Celine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the behavior and treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) in the pediatric and young adult population and to identify factors affecting overall survival (OS).Materials and methodsThe study analyzed salivary gland malignancies in patients aged 0–21 with AdCC histology using the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2018.ResultsA total of 72 patients (59.7% parotid, 36.1% submandibular, 1.4% sublingual, 2.8% unspecified) met criteria. Median age was 18 years [range: 0–21]. High‐grade dysplasia was present in 67% of cases. Therapy consisted of primary surgery for all cases, regional lymph node dissection (LND) (74%), radiotherapy (71%), chemotherapy (8%), and chemoradiation (7%). The 5‐year OS rate was 93.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 86.9%–99.9%], respectively. Patients who underwent associated LND had improved OS (p = .0083, log‐rank test) with a 5‐year OS at 82.4% [95% CI: 66.1%–100%] versus 97.6% [95% CI: 93.0%–100%]. A significant difference in OS was found with unfavorable outcomes after positive marginal status: 5‐year OS 84.1% [95% CI: 71.0%–99.7%] versus 100% [95% CI: 100%]; p < .001. Adjuvant therapy did not seem to impact the outcome.ConclusionThis study confirms that AdCC in children and young adults has an overall good prognosis despite frequent high grade. It suggests that cervical LND may be of importance, but the value of systematic adjuvant therapy is not confirmed. These findings emphasize the importance and relevance of population‐based studies in shaping clinical practice and informing the design of future prospective investigations.
Quasi‐static and high‐rate in‐plane shear tests on aramid and carbon fiber woven composites featuring a nanoparticle‐enriched high‐density polyethylene matrix
Authors: Pereira Iaci Miranda , Hahn Philipp , Jung Markus , Imbert Mathieu , May Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanoparticles are known to enable the modification of the properties of the material they are integrated into. In the context of ballistic protection, previous works have demonstrated that graphene and Montmorillonite (MMT) particles included in high‐density polyethylene (HD‐PE) and used as a matrix enable an increase in the ballistic performance, of consolidated woven aramid fabrics. Furthermore, the ballistic performance has been reported to be influenced by the in‐plane shear properties of the impacted materials. In this context, quasi‐static and high‐rate in‐plane shear tests have been conducted on two types of reinforcements, aramid, and carbon woven fabrics, consolidated by a high‐density polyethylene matrix enriched by graphene, MMT and a mix of graphene and MMT nanoparticles. The conducted investigations provide for the first time in the literature the results of high‐rate in‐plane shear tests on aramid woven reinforcement consolidated with nanoparticle‐enriched and not enriched high‐density polyethylene composites. Despite the use of the same reinforcement and enriched matrix material as in previous works of literature, no significant differences in terms of in‐plane shear behavior have been observed for any of the different types of nanoparticles integrated into the matrix. Nevertheless, the obtained results demonstrate a clear strain rate sensitivity of the tested materials.Highlights
Aramid and carbon fabrics were consolidated with nanoparticle‐enriched HD‐PE
Quasi‐static and high‐rate in‐plane shear tests were conducted
No influence of the nanoparticles could be identified
A clear strain‐rate sensitivity could be identified for both composites
Simple surface modification of barium sulfate for improving the interface of polymer composites and its x‐ray shielding properties
Authors: Tokonami Ryoma , Osanai Minoru , Hosoda Masahiro , Tokonami Shinji , Takahashi Tatsuhiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRadiation shielding materials have been researched using Pb and metal oxide particles, and composites of resin and barium sulfate (BaSO4) have been reported. In addition, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have often been used as a nanomaterial to improve the mechanical strength of resin–BaSO4 composites. The literature includes no examples of these two materials—BaSO4 and MWCNTs—being used at the interface of composites. We effectively modified the surface of BaSO4 by a simple process involving strong electrostatic interaction between positively charged barium and negatively charged functional groups on the MWCNT surface. The process is simple and can form large amounts of MWCNTs that coat BaSO4 surfaces. As a result, MWCNTs remained on the BaSO4 surface even after the MWCNT‐coated BaSO4 was washed with a solvent and subjected to melt mixing. The physical anchoring of MWCNTs onto the BaSO4 surface improved the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of the resultant composites. The originality of this research is that MWCNTs can be coated onto the surface by only electrostatic interaction without using a polymer adhesive. In addition, the x‐ray shielding performance of the MWCNT‐containing composites was the same as that of composites prepared without the MWCNTs.Highlights
MWCNTs were coated onto the surface of BaSO4 by electrostatic interaction.
Interfacial adhesion of PS composites was improved by coating MWCNTs.
The MWCNTs did not affect the x‐ray shielding performance.
Staging and clean room: Constructs designed to facilitate transparency and reduce bias in comparative analyses of real‐world data
Authors: Muntner Paul , Hernandez Rohini K. , Kent Shia T. , Browning James E. , Gilbertson David T. , Hurwitz Kathleen E. , Jick Susan S. , Lai Edward C. , Lash Timothy L. , Monda Keri L. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Bradbury Brian D. , Brookhart M. Alan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeWe describe constructs designed to protect the integrity of the results from comparative analyses using real‐world data (RWD): staging and clean room.MethodsStaging involves performing sequential preliminary analyses and evaluating the population size available and potential bias before conducting comparative analyses. A clean room involves restricted access to data and preliminary results, policies governing exploratory analyses and protocol deviations, and audit trail. These constructs are intended to allow decisions about protocol deviations, such as changes to design or model specification, to be made without knowledge of how they might affect subsequent analyses. We describe an example for implementing staging with a clean room.ResultsStage 1 may involve selecting a data source, developing and registering a protocol, establishing a clean room, and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Stage 2 may involve attempting to achieve covariate balance, often through propensity score models. Stage 3 may involve evaluating the presence of residual confounding using negative control outcomes. After each stage, check points may be implemented when a team of statisticians, epidemiologists and clinicians masked to how their decisions may affect study outcomes, reviews the results. This review team may be tasked with making recommendations for protocol deviations to address study precision or bias. They may recommend proceeding to the next stage, conducting additional analyses to address bias, or terminating the study. Stage 4 may involve conducting the comparative analyses.ConclusionsThe staging and clean room constructs are intended to protect the integrity and enhance confidence in the results of analyses of RWD.
Prolonged exposure to dexamethasone alters the proteome and cellular phenotype of human testicular peritubular cells
Authors: Stepanov Youli K. , Herrmann Carola , Stöckl Jan B. , Köhn Frank‐Michael , Pickl Ulrich , Trottmann Mathias , Fröhlich Thomas , Mayerhofer Artur , Welter Harald 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHuman testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) are smooth muscle cells, which in the testis form a small compartment surrounding the seminiferous tubules. Contractions of HTPCs are responsible for sperm transport, HTPCs contribute to spermatogenesis, have immunological roles and are a site of glucocorticoid receptor expression. Importantly, HTPCs maintain their characteristics in vitro, and thus can serve as an experimental window into the male gonad. Previously we reported consequences of 3‐day treatment with Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid and multi‐purpose anti‐inflammatory drug. However, as glucocorticoid therapies in man often last longer, we now studied consequences of a prolonged 7‐day exposure to 1 µM Dex. Combining live cell imaging with quantative proteomics of samples taken from men, we confirmed our recent findings but more importantly, found numerous novel proteomic alterations induced by prolonged Dex treatment. The comparison of the 7‐day treatment with the 3‐day treatment dataset revealed that extracellular matrix‐ and focal adhesion‐related proteins become more prominent after 7 days of treatment. In contrast, extended stimulation is, for example, associated with a decrease of proteins related to cholesterol and steroid metabolism. Our dataset, which describes phenotypic and proteomic alterations, is a valuable resource for further research projects investigating effects of Dex on human testicular cells.
Lymphocytopenia following adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: Takeda Kazuya , Umezawa Rei , Yamamoto Takaya , Takahashi Noriyoshi , Suzuki Yu , Kishida Keita , Omata So , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe retrospectively analyzed breast cancer patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy to determine the incidence of lymphocytopenia and its risk factors.MethodsWe reviewed 812 patients with breast cancer who received postoperative radiotherapy. Patients were divided into two groups based on the use of chemotherapy, and a generalized linear regression model was used to explore predictive factors for grade 2 or higher lymphocytopenia. We also examined the effect of lymphocytopenia on overall survival.ResultsGrade 2 or higher lymphocytopenia was observed in 19.4% of patients who did not receive chemotherapy and 45.1% of patients who received chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, bilateral disease, regional lymph node irradiation, and baseline lymphocytopenia were associated with lymphocytopenia in patients who did not receive cytotoxic chemotherapy. Regional lymph node irradiation, baseline lymphocytopenia, use of antimetabolites, and use of molecular‐targeted agents were associated with lymphocytopenia in patients treated with chemotherapy. In the survival analysis, lymphocytopenia was associated with worse overall survival only in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy (p = 0.039), and not in patients who did not receive chemotherapy (p = 0.77).ConclusionThe analysis revealed the incidence and risk factors of lymphocytopenia after postoperative radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
Impact of Chinese herbal medicine on sarcopenia in enhancing muscle mass, strength, and function: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Liu Kaoqiang , Zhan Yunfan , Zhao Ye , Chai Yongli , Ning Jiawei , Pan Hui , Kong Lingjun , Yuan Wei'an 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSarcopenia has become important to the public health with the increase in the aging population in society. However, the therapeutic effects of conventional approaches, including pharmacotherapy, exercise, and nutritional intervention, are far from satisfactory. Chinese herbal medicine is a new treatment format with interesting possibilities in sarcopenia has been widely practiced. The study aims to explore the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine in sarcopenia. We comprehensively searched the following electronic databases: Medline, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and Chinese database from the establishment of the database to December 2022 (no language restrictions). Randomized controlled clinical studies on the use of Chinese herbal medicine in sarcopenia were selected in compliance with PRISMA guidelines. Review Manager and Stata were used for statistical analysis and the mean difference and standardized mean difference were adopted. Of 277 identified studies, 17 were eligible and included in our analysis (N = 1440 participants). The results showed that Chinese herbal medicine can improve total efficiency (RR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.21, 1.36], p < 0.00001) in sarcopenia and enhance muscle mass (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI [0.55, 1.50], p < 0.0001), and muscle strength measured by grip strength (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI [0.36, 0.96], p < 0.0001), measured by 60°/s knee extension peak TQ (MD = 5.63, 95% CI [−0.30, 11.57], p = 0.06) and muscle function measured by 6‐meter walking speed (SMD = 1.34, 95% CI [0.60, 2.08], p = 0.0004), measured by the short physical performance battery of 1.50%, 95% CI (1.05, 1.95), measured by the EuroQoL 5‐dimension of (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI [−0.10, 0.65], p = 0.16), suggesting that Chinese herbal medicine alone or combined with conventional treatment has ameliorating effect on sarcopenia. Chinese herbal medicine is a potential therapeutic strategy in sarcopenia. The funnel plot and Egger's test indicated publication bias. To confirm our conclusions, further high‐quality studies should be conducted.