bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Aminogenic Potential of
Enterococcus faecalis
EF37 in Dry Fermented Sausages through Chemical and Molecular Approaches
Authors: Gardini Fausto , Bover-Cid Sara , Tofalo Rosanna , Belletti Nicoletta , Gatto Veronica , Suzzi Giovanna , Torriani Sandra 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Amino acid decarboxylase activity of the
Enterococcus faecalis
strain EF37 was monitored during fermentation and ripening of a traditional dry fermented sausage from Northern Italy (Salame Veronese) by means of microbiological, chemical, and molecular approaches in relation to three technological factors: fermentation temperature, sodium chloride concentration, and amount of glucose added to the meat mixture. Besides the analytical determination of tyramine and phenylethylamine accumulation and the counts of enterococci, the presence and quantification of the tyrosine decarboxylase gene (
tdc
) and its mRNA transcript were also investigated by using real-time PCR. According to the mathematical models obtained, all of the three factors studied were statistically significant and microbiologically relevant for the early development of enterococci, although the fermentation temperature had a more relevant influence on the enterococcal viable cells of the ripened product. Sodium chloride concentration was the most determinant factor of the final tyramine and 2-phenylethylamine accumulation and also of the levels of
tdc
present in the final product. In contrast, an effect of glucose concentration on
tdc
expression was observed in the last period of ripening. Moreover, increasing amounts of sodium chloride and decreasing fermentation temperature resulted in a reduced
tdc
expression. This is the first time that bacterial tyrosine decarboxylase potential is directly examined through a molecular approach in a fermented meat. The quantification of
tdc
and its transcript can help to elucidate the critical steps and factors during food manufacturing at which bacterial aminogenesis is possible, thus allowing researchers to propose technological measures to control decarboxylase activities.
Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis Disrupts the Integration between Morphogenesis and Nuclear Duplication during the Germination of
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Bhabhra Ruchi , Richie Daryl L. , Kim H. Stanley , Nierman William C. , Fortwendel Jarrod , Aris John P. , Rhodes Judith C. , Askew David S. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus
is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that is responsible for high mortality rates in the immunosuppressed population. CgrA, the
A. fumigatus
ortholog of a
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
nucleolar protein involved in ribosome biogenesis, contributes to the virulence of this fungus by supporting rapid growth at 37°C. To determine how CgrA affects ribosome biogenesis in
A. fumigatus
, polysome profile and ribosomal subunit analyses were performed on both wild-type
A. fumigatus
and a Δ
cgrA
mutant. The loss of CgrA was associated with a reduction in the level of 80S monosomes as well as an imbalance in the 60S:40S subunit ratio and the appearance of half-mer ribosomes. The gene expression profile in the Δ
cgrA
mutant revealed increased abundance of a subset of translational machinery mRNAs relative to the wild type, suggesting a potential compensatory response to CgrA deficiency. Although Δ
cgrA
conidia germinated normally at 22°C, they swelled excessively when incubated at 37°C and accumulated abnormally high numbers of nuclei. This hypernucleated phenotype could be replicated pharmacologically by germinating wild-type conidia under conditions of reductive stress. These findings indicate that the germination process is particularly vulnerable to global disruption of protein synthesis and suggest that CgrA is involved in both ribosome biogenesis and polarized cell growth in
A. fumigatus
.
High-Frequency Intragenomic Heterogeneity of the Ribosomal DNA Intergenic Spacer Region in
Trichophyton violaceum
Authors: Chang Jen-Chyi , Hsu Mark Ming-Long , Barton Richard C. , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

The intergenic spacer (IGS) of the rRNA genes was analyzed from the dermatophyte
Trichophyton violaceum
isolated from cases of tinea capitis in Taiwan and Iran.
T. violaceum
strains were cultured from different colonies, from single conidial colonies derived by dilution plating, and from micromanipulation of single conidia from clinical samples. A ribosomal DNA probe hybridizing to multiple EcoRI fragments was used to compare restriction fragment length polymorphisms in different
T. violaceum
isolates. The arthroconidia of
T. violaceum
that form in vivo during infection were shown to contain a single nucleus by 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. IGS regions from an isolate cultured from a single conidium were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. The results identified that heterogeneity exists between IGS regions within a single
T. violaceum
genome due to different copy numbers of a 171-bp tandem repeat. This suggests that the IGS of
T. violaceum
is partially excluded from the concerted evolution of the rRNA gene locus. The heterogeneous character of the IGS regions in
T. violaceum
contrasts with the closely related dermatophyte
Trichophyton rubrum
, posing further questions on the phylogeny and the evolution of dermatophyte fungi.
Effects of SecE Depletion on the Inner and Outer Membrane Proteomes of
Escherichia coli
Authors: Baars Louise , Wagner Samuel , Wickström David , Klepsch Mirjam , Ytterberg A. Jimmy , van Wijk Klaas J. , de Gier Jan-Willem 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

The Sec translocon is a protein-conducting channel that allows polypeptides to be transferred across or integrated into a membrane. Although protein translocation and insertion in
Escherichia coli
have been studied using only a small set of specific model substrates, it is generally assumed that most secretory proteins and inner membrane proteins use the Sec translocon. Therefore, we have studied the role of the Sec translocon using subproteome analysis of cells depleted of the essential translocon component SecE. The steady-state proteomes and the proteome dynamics were evaluated using one- and two-dimensional gel analysis, followed by mass spectrometry-based protein identification and extensive immunoblotting. The analysis showed that upon SecE depletion (i) secretory proteins aggregated in the cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic σ
32
stress response was induced, (ii) the accumulation of outer membrane proteins was reduced, with the exception of OmpA, Pal, and FadL, and (iii) the accumulation of a surprisingly large number of inner membrane proteins appeared to be unaffected or increased. These proteins lacked large translocated domains and/or consisted of only one or two transmembrane segments. Our study suggests that several secretory and inner membrane proteins can use Sec translocon-independent pathways or have superior access to the remaining Sec translocons present in SecE-depleted cells.
Evidence of In Vivo Cross Talk between the Nitrogen-Related and Fructose-Related Branches of the Carbohydrate Phosphotransferase System of
Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Pflüger Katharina , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440 encodes only five recognizable proteins belonging to the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). Two of these PTS constituents (FruA and FruB) form a complete system for fructose intake. The other three products, encoded by
ptsP
(EI
Ntr
),
ptsO
(NPr), and
ptsN
(EIIA
Ntr
), comprise a branch of the system unrelated to sugar traffic but thought to have an influence on coordination of N and C metabolism. We used a genetic approach to clarify the course of high-energy phosphate through this reduced set of PTS proteins. To this end, we monitored the phosphorylation state in vivo of the EIIA
Ntr
enzyme in various genetic backgrounds and growth conditions. Our results show that the source of phosphate available to the system is PEP and that the primary flow of phosphate through the N/C-sensing PTS proceeds from PEP to EI
Ntr
to NPr to EIIA
Ntr
. We also found that in the presence of fructose, unlike in the presence of succinate, EIIA
Ntr
can be phosphorylated in a
ptsP
strain but not in a
ptsP fruB
double mutant. This result revealed that the fructose transport system has the ability to cross talk in vivo with the N-related PTS branch. The data reported here thus document an unexpected connection in vivo between the sugar-dependent and sugar-independent PTSs.
Interactionism and Animal Aesthetics: A Theory of Reflected Social Power
Authors: Berry Bonnie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStemming from a study of social aesthetics, in which public reaction to human physical appearance is addressed, the present analysis considers the practice of humans associating themselves with nonhuman animals on the basis of the latter's appearance. The study found these nonhuman animals are intended to serve as a positive reflection on the humans who deliberately choose them for their “special” traits, which the humans then utilize to enhance their own social standing. The study compares this to the same practice used by humans to associate themselves with attractive humans and serves the similar purpose of amassing social status by virtue of the association. This paper explains the phenomenon in theoretical terms; namely, symbolic interactionism, paying special attention to impression-management and dramaturgy, along with other interactionist features of attribution and social exchange. Where available, the paper uses scholarly, empirical work on the topic, supplemented by popular media observations and news articles. Viewed from an interactionist perspective, these empirical and non-empirical examples provide a novel picture of human-and-animal society as a unidirectional, status-seeking interaction intended to benefit human actors.
After Neo-liberal Globalization: The Great Transformation of Turkey
Authors: Emrence Cem 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPursuing a macro sociological approach, this contribution examines the great transformation of Turkey around rising market hegemony and increasing impact of global forces. Throughout the paper, I show how the new orientation is consolidating the power of globalist classes, creating conspicuous consumption as a marker of class distinctions, and prioritizing global networks over domestic structures at the expense of sustaining domestic inequalities in Turkey.
Painting, Law and Professions, I: Paris Visual Academie and English Law
Authors: Sciulli David 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOne consensus in the sociology and history of professions is that law, not medicine, pioneered the first professionalism projects in Western history. English law is typically cited as the exemplar. We challenge this consensus by demonstrating that visual academies, led by the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture of Paris, preceded along a professionalism project centuries in advance of English law.
Akwantemfi —'In Mid-Journey': An Asante Shrine Today and Its Clients
Authors:   McCaskie
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the activities today of the Medoma shrine in Kumasi, capital of the historic Asante kingdom in the Republic of Ghana. It seeks to contextualise this shrine in relation to historic and current Asante indigenous belief. It also looks at it in relation to the rise of charismatic or Pentecostalist Christian churches, and to the ever growing presence of the African American diaspora in Asante. It supplies a profile of the life and beliefs of Nana Abass (Kwaku Abebrese), founder and 'priest' (okomfo) of the Medoma shrine. It explores his commitment to societal development and some of the initiatives and projects that have arisen from this involvement. It discusses the motives of the shrine's Asante, other Ghanaian and African American clients. Finally, it advances an interpretation of the nature of Asante indigenous belief in the past and in the present age of globalisation and charismatic Christianity.
'Healing of Bodies, Salvation of Souls': Missionary Medicine in Colonial Tanganyika, 1870s-1939
Authors: Jennings Michael 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper re-examines missionary medicine in Tanganyika, considering its relationship with the colonial state, the impulses that led it to evolve in the way that it did, and the nature of the medical services it offered. The paper suggests that, contrary to traditional depictions, missionary medicine was not entirely curative in focus, small in scale, nor inappropriate to the health needs of the communities in which it was based. Rather, missionary medicine should be considered as a vital aspect of early colonial health services, serving those excluded by the colonial state. Missionary medicine before 1945 was fragmented, small-scale, lacking in resources and overstretched. Its services could not necessarily compete in quality with the best of the state hospitals. But it succeeded, within the local context, in providing a network of health services that stretched into the rural society, and ensured that, where there was a mission hospital, there was an option for the local people to make western biomedicine a choice for healing.
Effects of Serial Dependence and Large-Scale Tropospheric Circulation on Midlatitude North American Terrestrial Carbon Dioxide Exchange
Authors: Hember Robbie A. , Lafleur Peter M. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Linear regression was used to relate modes of tropospheric circulation variability to estimates of gross ecosystem production (GEP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) measured at 14 midlatitude North American eddy covariance (EC) towers. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) exhibited a north–south gradient in its effect on fluxes, with negative influence on fluxes at central and northeastern stations and positive influence on fluxes at southeastern stations. During spring, average values of GEP and ER within the northern “cold” sector decreased by 22 and 12 g C m−2 (18% and 11%), respectively, in response to a unit increase (+1 standard deviation) in the expansion coefficient of the NAO mode. Despite a northward advancement of the “warm” sector during summer, GEP and ER remained negatively correlated with the NAO at northern stations, decreasing on average by 48 and 30 g C m−2 (8% and 6%), respectively. During spring, the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) reduced GEP and ER at central and northeastern stations on average by 20 and 7 g C m−2 (16% and 6%) and increased GEP and ER at southern and west coast stations on average by 53 and 49 g C m−2 (12% and 17%) in response to a unit increase in the NPO. This pattern persisted into summer, only shifted northward, with flux decreases of 19 and 24 g C m−2 (3% and 5%) at northern stations and increases of 72 and 82 g C m−2 (9% and 16%) at central stations. The direction of the flux response in each case was supported by synoptic conditions inferred from composite maps of North American circulation and gridded surface air temperature anomalies. The magnitude and timing of the relationships differed between stations and was attributed to differences in geographic location and plant functional type. Difficulty in the interpretation of significant correlations was attributed to the short sample length of typical EC records and unmodeled variability, including, for example, modulation by the NAO during high NPO. Despite these limitations, long-term monitoring EC stations show promise in characterizing the regional and ecosystem-specific carbon cycle response to low-frequency modes of tropospheric circulation variability and may play a critical role in validating ecosystem model responses to such phenomena.
FOXP3+ Tregs and B7-H1+/PD-1+T lymphocytes co-infiltrate the tumor tissues of high-risk breast cancer patients: Implication for immunotherapy
Authors: Ghebeh Hazem , Barhoush Eman , Tulbah Asma , Elkum Naser , Al-Tweigeri Taher , Dermime Said 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated a direct involvement of B7-H1, PD-1 and FOXP3 molecules in the immune escape of cancer. B7-H1 is an inhibitory molecule that binds to PD-1 on T lymphocytes, while FOXP3 is a marker for regulatory T cells (Tregs). We have previously demonstrated the association of B7-H1-expressing T infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) with high-risk breast cancer patients while other studies reported the involvement of FOXP3+ Tregsas a bad prognostic factor in breast tumors. Although the co-existence between the two types of cells has been demonstratedin vitroand animal models, their relative infiltration and correlation with the clinicopathological parameters of cancer patients have not been well studied. Therefore, we investigated TIL-expressing the B7-H1, PD-1, and FOXP3 molecules, in the microenvironment of human breast tumors and their possible association with the progression of the disease.MethodsUsing immunohistochemistry, tumor sections from 62 breast cancer patients were co-stained for B7-H1, PD-1 and FOXP3 molecules and their expression was statistically correlated with factors known to be involved in the progression of the disease.ResultsA co-existence of B7-H1+T lymphocytes and FOXP3+Tregswas evidenced by the highly significant correlation of these molecules (P< .0001) and their expression by different T lymphocyte subsets was clearly demonstrated. Interestingly, concomitant presence of FOXP3+Tregs, B7-H1+and PD-1+TIL synergistically correlated with high histological grade (III) (P< .001), estrogen receptor negative status (P= .017), and the presence of severe lymphocytic infiltration (P= .022).ConclusionAccumulation of TIL-expressing such inhibitory molecules may deteriorate the immunity of high-risk breast cancer patients and this should encourage vigorous combinatorial immunotherapeutic approaches targeting Tregsand B7-H1/PD-1 molecules.
The association of urinary cadmium with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a general population sample of US adult men
Authors: Menke Andy , Guallar Eliseo , Shiels Meredith S , Rohrmann Sabine , Basaria Shehzad , Rifai Nader , Nelson William G , Platz Elizabeth A 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Studies investigating the association of cadmium and sex steroid hormones in men have been inconsistent, but previous studies were relatively small.

Methods
In a nationally representative sample of 1,262 men participating in the morning examination session of phase I (1998–1991) of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, creatinine corrected urinary cadmium and serum concentrations of sex steroid hormones were measured following a standardized protocol.

Results
After adjustment for age and race-ethnicity, higher cadmium levels were associated with higher levels of total testosterone, total estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin, estimated free testosterone, and estimated free estradiol (each p-trend < 0.05). After additionally adjusting for smoking status and serum cotinine, none of the hormones maintained an association with urinary cadmium (each p-trend > 0.05).

Conclusion
Urinary cadmium levels were not associated with sex steroid hormone concentrations in a large nationally representative sample of US men.
Comprehensive proteomic analysis of bovine spermatozoa of varying fertility rates and identification of biomarkers associated with fertility
Authors: Peddinti Divyaswetha , Nanduri Bindu , Kaya Abdullah , Feugang Jean M , Burgess Shane C , Memili Erdogan 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Male infertility is a major problem for mammalian reproduction. However, molecular details including the underlying mechanisms of male fertility are still not known. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms is essential for obtaining consistently high reproductive efficiency and to ensure lower cost and time-loss by breeder.

Results
Using high and low fertility bull spermatozoa, here we employed differential detergent fractionation multidimensional protein identification technology (DDF-Mud PIT) and identified 125 putative biomarkers of fertility. We next used quantitative Systems Biology modeling and canonical protein interaction pathways and networks to show that high fertility spermatozoa differ from low fertility spermatozoa in four main ways. Compared to sperm from low fertility bulls, sperm from high fertility bulls have higher expression of proteins involved in: energy metabolism, cell communication, spermatogenesis, and cell motility. Our data also suggests a hypothesis that low fertility sperm DNA integrity may be compromised because cell cycle: G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation was most significant signaling pathway identified in low fertility spermatozoa.

Conclusion
This is the first comprehensive description of the bovine spermatozoa proteome. Comparative proteomic analysis of high fertility and low fertility bulls, in the context of protein interaction networks identified putative molecular markers associated with high fertility phenotype.
Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt and the Politics of Remembrance
Authors: Barash Jeffrey Andrew 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
I The intellectual relations between Heidegger and Arendt
The publication of the correspondence between Martin Heidegger and Hannah Arendt in Germany in 1998 contributed new insight into the relations between these two 20th century thinkers. Arendt was Heidegger's student in Marburg in the mid-1920s and the correspondence has confirmed the intimate character of their relationship during this period. Subsequently, Arendt moved to Heidelberg to work with Karl Jaspers. Following Heidegger's support of the Hitler regime as rector of Freiburg University in 1933–1934, communication ceased between Arendt and Heidegger and, during these years, Arendt emigrated, first to France and then to the United States. After the Second World War, the silence between them continued for a period of five years. During this period Arendt published an article highly critical of Heidegger's writings, entitled “What is Existenz-philosophy?” (1946), in which she argued that Heidegger's thought belonged to the contemplative metaphysical tradition inaugurated by Plato that she saw it as her task to overcome. The Hannah Arendt – Martin Heidegger Briefwechsel has also documented the fact that in February 1950 Arendt and Heidegger once again resumed their friendship, which lasted for the remainder of their lives.
Suspected swainsonine poisoning in a Belgian horse
Authors: Nollet H. , Panter K. , Vanschandevijl K. , Lefere L. , Stegelmeier B. , Deprez P. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe case of a horse with acute symptoms of excitement, exaggerated fright reactions and trembling is presented. In addition to these cerebral symptoms, mild cerebellar ataxia and a renal tubular lesion were diagnosed. Suspected swainsonine poisoning was confirmed by the presence of the toxin (154 ng/ml) in the serum sample taken immediately after admission. A good recovery was seen after fluid therapy with supplementation of potassium, a dopamine drip and administration of diazepam. The effects of the toxin, by inhibiting the lysosomal enzyme α‐mannosidase and mimicking the genetic mannosidosis, are discussed.
Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in an adult horse
Authors: Waldridge B. M. , Morresey P. R. , Loynachan A. T. , Reimer J. , Riddle W. T. , Williams N. M. , Bras R. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA 20‐year‐old, Thoroughbred mare in the fifth month of gestation was examined for weight loss, pyrexia and lethargy. Physical examination, ultrasonography and radiography revealed a severe abscessing pneumonia and a dead fetus. The mare did not respond to symptomatic treatment and died suddenly. Necropsy revealed multifocal pulmonary abscessation.Rhodococcus equi was isolated from the lungs, liver and kidneys. Specific immune function of the mare and presence of the virulence associated protein A (VapA) of the R. equi isolated was not determined. It is likely that immunosuppression is required for systemic R. equi infections in adult horses; however, it is unknown if VapA is necessary to produce disease in adult horses.