bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) density better than the preoperative PSA level in predicting early biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy?
Authors: JONES TIMOTHY D. , KOCH MICHAEL O. , BUNDE PAULA J. , CHENG LIANG 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level and PSA density with several clinical and pathological variables, including biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP), and to compare the preoperative PSA level and PSA density as prognostic factors in prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included 348 patients who had a RP at one institution, with whole‐mount specimens of the prostate examined by one pathologist. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship of the preoperative PSA level and PSA density with clinical and pathological variables, and by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the relative usefulness of the two factors as predictors for biochemical recurrence.RESULTSThe PSA level before RP was significantly correlated (Spearman's rank correlation) with patient age (P = 0.003), prostate weight (P < 0.001), cancer volume (P < 0.001) and Gleason score (P = 0.033), and with surgical margin status and pathological stage (both P < 0.001) in the RP specimen. In the multivariate analysis controlling for tumour stage, surgical margin status, and Gleason score, both PSA level and PSA density were significant predictors of PSA recurrence (P = 0.027 and 0.01, respectively). ROC analysis showed no statistical difference between the PSA level and PSA density in predicting PSA recurrence after RP (P = 0.40).CONCLUSIONSThese results show a significant correlation of the preoperative PSA level with other established prognostic factors for prostate cancer. In the multivariate analysis, both PSA level and PSA density were independent predictors of PSA recurrence. Because the PSA level is as effective as PSA density in predicting PSA recurrence, the extra effort required to calculate PSA density may not be warranted. We recommend that the PSA level before RP be considered in stratifying patients into different prognostic groups, and in determining the optimum management.
Chemopreventive effects of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor and epidermal growth factor‐receptor kinase inhibitor on rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: HATTORI KAZUNORI , IIDA KATSUYUKI , JORAKU AKIRA , TSUKAMOTO SADAMU , AKAZA HIDEYUKI , OYASU RYOICHI 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo examine the chemopreventive effects of a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitor, meloxicam, and a selective epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib (as a single agent) on a carcinogen‐induced rodent bladder carcinogenesis model.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe study comprised 103 male Fisher‐344 rats (8 weeks old); after initial carcinogen treatment for 8 weeks with 0.05%N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water, the rats were divided into five groups, i.e. group 1, control (vehicle only); group 2, gefitinib high‐dose (15 mg/kg by gavage once daily); group 3, gefitinib low‐dose (5 mg/kg); group 4, meloxicam high‐dose (1.8 mg/kg by gavage once daily); and group 5, meloxicam low‐dose (0.6 mg/kg). Twelve weeks later the rats were killed; after fixing the bladder in 10% formalin, the number and size of hyperplasia and carcinoma foci were recorded microscopically in sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, submitted entirely as multiple strips.RESULTSThe incidence of carcinoma, confirmed microscopically, was: control 14/20 (70%); high‐dose gefitinib, 7/20 (35%); low‐dose gefitinib, 7/20 (35%); high‐dose meloxicam 7/21 (33%); and low‐dose meloxicam, 12/20 (60%). The mean numbers of carcinomas per bladder in groups 1–5 were 1.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5 and 1.1, respectively. The incidence and the mean number of carcinomas per bladder were significantly lower in the treatment groups (P < 0.05) than in the control group, except in the low‐dose meloxicam group. There were no significant adverse effects.CONCLUSIONBoth meloxicam and gefitinib have inhibitory effects on rat bladder carcinogenesis with no significant adverse effects. A combination of these drugs would be worth studying for their synergistic effects.
A comparison of p21 and p27 immunoexpression in benign glands, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: DOGANAVSARGIL BASAK , SIMSIR ADNAN , BOYACIOGLU HAYAL , CAL CAG , HEKIMGIL MINE 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo assess the immunoexpression of p21 and p27 proteins in consecutive areas of benign glands, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate adenocarcinoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSTissue from 91 patients who had a radical prostatectomy was assessed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of p21 and p27 in adjacent areas of benign glands, PIN and prostate adenocarcinoma. The results were correlated with various clinicopathological variables, e.g. age, total prostate‐specific antigen level, tumour stage, Gleason score, surgical margin involvement, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and perineural invasion.RESULTSThe p27 score in PIN was lower than that in benign glands (P = 0.04) but there was no significant difference between the scores for PIN and tumour. By contrast, p21 expression was almost undetectable in benign glands, although there was substantially more in PIN and tumour (P < 0.01). Some patients had no expression of p21 in tumour tissue, and had lower p21 scores in benign glands and PIN areas (P < 0.05). Interestingly, these patients had a lower frequency of negative prognostic variables. The tumour p21 score was higher in patients with extraprostatic extension (P = 0.045) and tumour p27 expression was inversely correlated with seminal vesicle invasion (P = 0.028). Tumour and PIN p27 expression appeared to decrease with advancing age (P = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively).CONCLUSIONHigher p21 and lower p27 expression is correlated with adverse prognostic factors. The decline in p27 with advancing age in tumour and PIN areas may be a possible explanation of the greater frequency of prostate adenocarcinoma in older men. A p21‐negative tumour subgroup with a lower frequency of adverse prognostic factors was identified, which needs to be further explored.
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of refractory overactive bladder syndrome: is maintenance treatment necessary?
Authors: VAN DER PAL FLOOR , VAN BALKEN MICHAEL R. , HEESAKKERS JOHN P.F.A. , DEBRUYNE FRANS M.J. , BEMELMANS BART L.H. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of a pause in percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in successfully treated patients with an overactive bladder (OAB), and the reproducibility of successful treatment when restored.PATIENTS AND METHODSEleven patients (mean age 51 years) with refractory OAB (more than seven voids and/or three or more urge incontinence episodes per day) were successfully treated with PTNS, and then discontinued treatment. Patients completed bladder diaries and quality‐of‐life (QoL) questionnaires (Short Form‐36 and I‐QoL) before (T1) and after a 6‐week pause (T2) of maintenance PTNS, and again after re‐treatment (T3). The first objective was defined as a ≥ 50% increase in the incontinence episodes and/or voiding frequency in the bladder diary after T2. The second objective was defined as ≥ 50% fewer incontinence episodes and/or voiding frequency in bladder diary after T3.RESULTSAt T2, seven of the 11 patients had a ≥ 50% increase in incontinence episodes and/or voiding frequency in the bladder diary. The mean voided volume, nocturia, number of incontinence episodes and incontinence severity deteriorated significantly (P < 0.05). At T3, nine patients had ≥ 50% fewer incontinence episodes and/or voiding frequency in the bladder diary. Nocturia, the number of incontinence episodes, incontinence severity, mean voided volume and quality of life improved significantly (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSContinuous therapy is necessary in patients with OAB treated successfully by PTNS. The efficacy of PTNS can be reproduced in patients formerly treated successfully.
Autoradiographical distribution of imidazoline binding sites in monoamine oxidase A deficient mice
Authors: Anderson Neil J. , Seif Isabelle , Nutt David J. , Hudson Alan L. , Robinson Emma S. J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study has used receptor autoradiography to characterize imidazoline binding sites (I‐BS) in monoamine oxidase (MAO) A knockout and wild‐type mice. A comparison between MAO‐A and MAO‐B, binding of the endogenous β‐carboline [3H]harmane, and I‐BS, has been made using sections from brain and kidney. The loss of binding to MAO‐A in the knockout animals was confirmed using the selective radioligand [3H]Ro41–1049, with labelling reduced to background levels. The binding of [3H]Ro19–6327 to MAO‐B was unaffected, indicating no change in this isoform in response to the loss of MAO‐A. A reduction in binding to the I2‐BS, as labelled by both [3H]idazoxan and [3H]2‐BFI (2‐(2‐benzofuranyl)‐2‐imidazoline), was seen in the MAO‐A knockout animals in both brain and kidney sections, whereas binding to the I1‐BS in kidney sections remained unchanged. The loss of I2 binding was found to be regionally dependent and was positively correlated with the relative expression of MAO‐A in specific regions in the wild‐type animals. Using the MAO‐A knockout mice it was also possible to demonstrate a non‐MAO‐A population of binding sites labelled by the putative I‐BS endogenous ligand, harmane.2
Effects of congenital stationary night blindness type 2 mutations R508Q and L1364H on Cav1.4 L‐type Ca2+ channel function and expression
Authors: Hoda Jean‐Charles , Zaghetto Francesca , Singh Anamika , Koschak Alexandra , Striessnig Jörg 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAt least 48 mutations in the CACNA1F gene encoding retinal Cav1.4 L‐type Ca2+ channels have been linked to X‐linked recessive congenital stationary night blindness type 2 (CSNB2). A large number of these are missense mutations encoding full‐length α1‐subunits that can potentially form functional channels. We have previously shown that such missense mutations can confer their phenotype by different pathological mechanisms, such as complete lack of α1 subunit protein expression or dramatic changes in channel gating. Here we investigated the functional consequences of CSNB2 missense mutations R508Q and L1364H. We found no (R508Q) or only minor (L1364H) changes in the gating properties of both mutants after heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes (at 20°C). However, both mutants resulted in altered expression density of Cav1.4 currents. When expressed in the mammalian cell line tsA‐201, the current amplitude of L1364H channels was reduced when cells were grown at 30°C and both mutations affected total α1 protein expression. This effect was temperature dependent. Our data provide evidence that, in contrast to previously characterized CSNB2 missense mutations, the clinical phenotype of R508Q and L1364H is unlikely to be explained by changes in channel gating. Instead, these mutations affect the protein expression of Cav1.4 Ca2+ channels.
Interleukin‐10 promoter polymorphisms are associated with the mode and sequel of HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Peng Xiao Mou , Huang Yang Su , Ma Hui Hui , Gu Lin , Xie Qi Feng , Gao Zhi Liang 
Published: February 2006

Abstract: Background: The influence of interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) gene promoter polymorphisms on the mode and sequel of HBeAg seroconversion (a favorable event usually) in patients with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been clarified.Patients and methods: IL‐10 genotyping and haplotype analyses of 340 HBsAg carriers and 100 volunteers with self‐limiting HBV infection from southern China, a high prevalent area of HBV were performed according to the single nucleotide polymorphisms in its promoter (−1082, −819 and −592) using a competitively differentiated PCR.Results: High‐producer genotype (GG at −1082) or haplotype (GCC) was rarely found in patients from southern China (<1%). Intermediate‐producer haplotype (ACC) was closely associated with chronic liver disease (P=0.004); compared with this, low‐producer genotype (AA at –592) and haplotype (ATA) were closely associated with asymptomatic carriers (P=0.035 and 0.035). Intermediate‐producer genotype (AC at –592) and haplotype (ACC) were closely associated with covert seroconversion of HBeAg (P=0.0086 and 0.0013) and progressive sequel after HBeAg seroconversion (P=0.013 and 0.0008), while, low‐producer genotype (AA at –592) and haplotype (ATA) were closely associated with overt seroconversion of HBeAg (P=0.0023 and 0.0061) and silent sequel after HBeAg seroconversion (P=0.0009 and 0.001).Conclusions: IL‐10 gene promoter polymorphisms significantly influence the mode and sequel of HBeAg seroconversion in patients with chronic HBV infection.
Headache Prevalence in Adolescents Aged 12 to 17: A Student‐Based Epidemiological Study in Bursa
Authors: Karlı Necdet , Akış Nalan , Zarifoğlu Mehmet , Akgöz Semra , İrgil Emel , Ayvacıoğlu Utku , Çalışır Nermin , Haran Nazan , Akdoğan Özlem 
Published: February 2006

Background and Objectives.—The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of headaches among Turkish adolescents aged 12 to 17 years old in Bursa province of Turkey.Methods.—A multistep, stratified, cluster sampling method was used for subject selection. The estimated sample size for 12‐ to 14‐year‐old students was 1270 and for 15‐ to 17‐year‐old students was 1117. Our study sample included 6.5% of the secondary schools and 1.8% of the students aged 12 to 17 years old. The study was conducted in two phases; the questionnaire phase and the face‐to‐face interview phase.Results.—The prevalence of recurrent headache in the study population was 52.2%. Girls (59.8%) had significantly more recurrent headache than boys (45.1%) The prevalence of recurrent headache increased from 42.2% up to 60.7% by age. In multivariate logistic regression analysis age and gender differed significantly between adolescents with and without recurrent headache groups. Frequent episodic tension‐type headache was the most common (25.9%) headache among Turkish adolescents, followed by migraine (14.5%).Conclusions.—Age and gender appeared to be demographic factors increasing adolescent headache prevalence. Frequent episodic‐tension type headache was the most common headache followed by migraine. Our migraine prevalence was slightly higher than most of the previously reported prevalence rates. This might be due to the new classification criteria of headache released by International Headache Society.
Retinal Vascular Caliber and Migraine: The Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Liew Gerald , Mitchell Paul , Wong Tien Yin , Wang Jie Jin 
Published: February 2006

Objective.—To assess whether migraine is associated with retinal microvascular caliber.Background.—Migraine is believed to be associated with vascular disease, but few studies have investigated the relationship between structural microvascular changes and migraine.Design.—Population‐based cross‐sectional study.Methods.—Participants in the Blue Mountains Eye Study follow‐up (1997 to 1999, n = 2335, aged 54+) had retinal photographs taken. A computer‐assisted method was used to measure average retinal arteriolar and venular diameters and calculate the arteriole‐to‐venule ratio. History of migraine was recorded by interview using International Headache Society criteria (1988).Results.—Subjects giving a history of migraine without aura (n = 128) had narrower retinal arterioles than subjects giving a history of migraine with aura (n = 182) or subjects with no migraine history (n = 1619). After multivariate adjustment, mean retinal arteriolar diameter was 4.3 μm (95% confidence interval 0.5, 8.1) narrower in subjects reporting migraine without aura as compared to subjects with no migraine.Conclusions.—Individuals with a history of migraine without aura were more likely to have slightly narrower retinal arteriolar caliber than individuals without migraine. This relationship was not present for migraine with aura. These data support the hypothesis that microvascular disease may be associated with certain types of migraine.
Cortical Bone Graft and Endoprosthesis in the Distal Radius of Dogs: A Biomechanical Comparison of Two Different Limb‐Sparing Techniques
Authors: LIPTAK JULIUS M. , EHRHART NICOLE , SANTONI BRANDON G. , WHEELER DONNA L. 
Published: February 2006

Objective—To compare the biomechanical properties of cortical bone and surgical steel endoprosthesis for limb‐sparing surgery of the distal radius in dogs and evaluate the role of the ulna in providing stability to the reconstructed limb.Study Design—Cadaveric biomechanical study.Animals—Twelve pairs of normal canine thoracic limbs.Methods—Paired limbs were divided into 4 groups: endoprosthesis and cortical bone graft, with and without preservation of the ulna. In each limb pair, the distal segment of the radius resected from the limb to be reconstructed with an endoprosthesis was used as the cortical bone graft in the contralateral limb. The ulna was resected en bloc with the radius and at the same level as the radial osteotomy in limbs where the ulna was not preserved. Limbs were tested in axial loading until failure. The load–deformation curve was used to acquire the biomechanical properties of each construct, which were compared using 2‐way ANOVA. Failure modes were compared descriptively.Results—Limbs reconstructed with the endoprosthesis had significantly greater yield load, energy at yield, and ultimate load compared with limbs reconstructed with a cortical bone graft. There were no significant differences in either energy to failure or stiffness between the 2 constructs. Preservation of the ulna did not significantly improve any of the biomechanical properties tested with either endoprosthesis or cortical bone graft constructs. The modes of failure in all 4 groups were variable and inconsistent.Conclusions—Limbs reconstructed with an endoprosthesis were biomechanically superior to limbs reconstructed with a cortical bone graft in axial loading to failure. Preservation of the ulna is not required to improve the stability in axial compression after limb‐sparing surgery of the distal radius.Clinical Relevance—The endoprosthesis may provide another option for limb‐sparing surgery of the distal radius in dogs. It has potential advantages when compared with cortical bone grafts, including better biomechanical performance and resistance to implant failure in axial compression, immediate availability, and no requirement for bone banking facilities. The ulna can be resected en bloc with the radius without having a negative impact on construct stability. En bloc resection of the ulna and radius may decrease the risk of local tumor recurrence after limb‐sparing surgery.
Femoral Neuropathy in a Dog with Iliopsoas Muscle Injury
Authors: STEPNIK MATTHEW W. , OLBY NATASHA , THOMPSON R. RANDALL , MARCELLIN‐LITTLE DENIS J. 
Published: February 2006

Objective—To report femoral nerve dysfunction caused by focal iliopsoas muscle injury and treated by performing tenectomy of the muscle insertion.Study Design—Case report.Animals—A 4‐year‐old, castrated male, English Mastiff.Results—Iliopsoas muscle injury caused femoral nerve deficits and severe pain. Focal injury was not detected by ultrasonography or computed tomography but was visible on magnetic resonance (MRI) images. Tenectomy of the insertion of the iliopsoas muscle relieved signs of pain.Conclusions—Femoral nerve dysfunction may occur with iliopsoas muscle injury.Clinical Relevance—Iliopsoas muscle injury should be considered in patients with hip pain and MRI is a useful test for diagnosis. Tenectomy may be indicated for relief of chronic iliopsoas muscle pain.
Evaluation of Laser Doppler Flowmetry for Measurement of Capillary Blood Flow in the Stomach Wall of Dogs During Gastric Dilatation‐Volvulus
Authors: MONNET ERIC , PELSUE DAVYD , MACPHAIL CATRIONA 
Published: February 2006

Objectives—To validate laser doppler flowmetry (LDF) for measurement of blood flow in the stomach wall of dogs with gastric dilatation‐volvulus (GDV).Animals—Six purpose‐bred dogs and 24 dogs with naturally occurring GDV.Study Design—Experimental and clinical.Methods—Capillary blood flow in the body of the stomach and pyloric antrum was measured with LDF (tissue perfusion unit (TPU) before and after induction of portal hypertension (PH) and after PH plus gastric ischemia (GI; PH+GI) and compared with flow measured by colored microsphere technique. Capillary flow was measured by LDF in the stomach wall of dogs with GDV.Results—PH and PH+GI induced a significant reduction in blood flow in the body of the stomach (P=.019). A significant positive correlation was present between percent changes in capillary blood flow measured by LDF and colored microspheres after induction of PH+GI in the body of the stomach (r=0.94,P=.014) and in the pyloric antrum (r=0.95,P=.049). Capillary blood flow measured in the body of the stomach of 6 dogs that required partial gastrectomy (5.00±3.30 TPU) was significantly lower than in dogs that did not (28.00±14.40 TPU,P=.013).Conclusions—LDF can detect variations in blood flow in the stomach wall of dogs.Clinical Relevance—LDF may have application for evaluation of stomach wall viability during surgery in dogs with GDV.
Chronotropic Incompetence and Abnormal Autonomic Modulation in Ambulatory Chagas Disease Patients
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Lunardi , Lombardi Federico , Da Costa Rocha Manoel Otávio , Barros Márcio Vinícius Lins , Val Barros Vladimir da Costa , Reis Adelina Martha , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho 
Published: February 2006

Background: Chagas disease (ChD) patients might present chronotropic incompetence during exercise, although its physiopathology remains uncertain. We evaluated the heart rate (HR) response to exercise testing in ChD patients in order to determine the role of autonomic modulation and left ventricular dysfunction in the physiopathology of chronotropic incompetence. Methods: ChD ambulatory patients (n = 170) and healthy controls (n = 24) underwent a standardized protocol including Doppler echocardiography, Holter monitoring, HR variability analysis, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement, and maximal exercise testing. The chronotropic response was calculated as the percentage of predicted HR achieved and the HR increment (ΔHR) during exercise. ChD patients were divided according to the absence or presence of cardiopathy and chronotropic incompetence (<85% predicted HR). Results: Chronotropic incompetence was present in 34 (20%) of all ChD patients. The group with cardiopathy displayed reduced ΔHR (91 ± 19 bpm) during exercise in comparison with ChD patients without cardiopathy (100 ± 19 bpm). Both the values observed in ChD groups were significantly different from those of controls (112 ± 13 bpm). Exercise duration, maximal oxygen consumption, and systolic blood pressure increment were significantly reduced in patients with abnormal chronotropic response. ΔHR during the exercise was significantly correlated with markers of autonomic control of sinus node, such as rest HR (r =−0.498, P ≤ 0.001), peak HR during exercise (r = 0.775, P ≤ 0.001), minimal HR during Holter recording (r =−0.231, P = 0.003), and high‐ and low‐frequency components of short‐term HR variability (r = 0.188, P = 0.042 and r = 0.203, P = 0.027). Neither left ventricular function nor BNP levels were independently related to the presence of chronotropic incompetence. Conclusions: Chronotropic incompetence may be considered an early sign of autonomic dysfunction in ChD patients.