bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and morphology of solution blended poly(vinylidene fluoride)/montmorillonite nanocomposites
Authors: Causin Valerio , Carraro Massimo L. , Marega Carla , Saini Roberta , Campestrini Sandro , Marigo Antonio 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNanocomposites based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) were prepared with montmorillonite by solution blending. The samples were characterized by small angle X‐ray scattering, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Different crystallization conditions, that is, evaporation of the solvent and coprecipitation with two different antisolvents, H2O or supercritical CO2 (scCO2), were tested and their influence on the resulting structure and morphology of the samples were studied. Coprecipitation with scCO2 induced an ordinate crystalline framework and an intercalated morphology of clay, with a consequent large improvement in modulus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Novel porphyrin‐grafted poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Feng Jichang , Zhang Qinghui , Li Wang , Li Yang , Yang Mujie , Cao Yong 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA series of novel porphyrin‐grafted poly (phenylene vinylene) derivatives, Porp‐RO‐PPV, were synthesized by a simple two‐step method. These copolymers contain conjugated poly(phenylene vinylene) derivatives as polymer backbone and covalently linked porphyrin units as side chain, which were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR, and used for photovoltaic devices. The thermal, optical properties and sensitizing effect, and photovoltaic properties have been investigated. The emission spectra of Porp‐RO‐PPV copolymers revealed the existence of strong energy transfer from PPV backbone to porphyrin units. The energy conversion efficiency (ηe) of photovoltaic devices based on Porp‐RO‐PPV+PCBM reached 0.33% (78.2 mW/cm2, AM1.5) and porphyrin units in the copolymers showed good sensitizing effect at low concentration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Growth and the Modeling/Remodeling of the Alveolar Bone of the Rat Incisor
Authors: Merzel José , Salmon Cristiane R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe modeling and remodeling of the rat incisor alveolar bone was followed as the animals grew. The weight of the hemimandible, the length of the socket, and the width of the lower incisor were measured. Osteoclasts and resorption areas were identified by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining. Fluorochrome markers were used to detect and measure osteogenic activities. In the socket related to the periodontal ligament, osteoclasts appeared in scattered sites as well as isolated sites of osteogenic activity, apparently without any variation related to the age of the animals. At the socket facing the dental follicle of young rats, the inner surface was lined with osteoclasts. The number of osteoclasts decreased steadily as the rats grew. In 1‐year‐old rats, in addition to a few scattered osteoclasts, the internal aspect of the labial wall showed some sites lined with osteoblasts and cement lines indicative of prior bone formation. In young rats, there was a continuous osteogenic activity at the external surface of this wall. The thickness of the labial wall of the socket remained apparently constant; therefore, bone resorption must have occurred at the internal side of the wall. Such osteogenic activity was not observed in old rats. The main forces acting on rat incisors, biting and eruption, are continuous through the life of the animals. Thus, these results indicate that the modeling of the alveolar bone related to the dental follicle, in young rats, can only be associated with another force, specifically, the growth of the incisor. Anat Rec, 291:827‐834, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional, multi‐offset ground‐penetrating radar imaging of archaeological targets
Authors: Booth Adam D. , Linford Neil T. , Clark Roger A. , Murray Tavi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe efficacy of ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods is inhibited when surveying over a target that is structurally complex and/or hosted within attenuative media. Recent research has documented the ability of certain seismic methods to improve imaging using GPR. For imaging complex targets, three‐dimensional acquisition and migration methods are applied. For attenuative sites, signal‐to‐ noise ratio (SNR) may be boosted on acquisition of multi‐offset data. We present results from an integrated three‐dimensional multi‐offset survey over a Romano‐British villa at Groundwell Ridge, near Swindon, UK. Data were acquired within a grid of dimension 21 m × 14 m, using a single‐channel PulseEKKO GPR system equipped with common‐offset (CO) 450 MHz antennas. To satisfy criteria for three‐dimensional migration, the sample density over the grid was 0.05 × 0.05 m2. A smaller grid of three‐dimensional multi‐offset data was acquired, with fold‐of‐cover 2200%, targeting a low SNR section of data. The spatial resolution and SNR in the resulting images of the target are greatly improved compared with data acquired using a more conventional survey method. However, this improvement may not be justified by the greatly increased (some 10 times) fieldwork effort required to obtain three‐dimensional multi‐offset data. We therefore investigate a means of improving the efficiency of three‐dimensional GPR surveying by applying a simple trace interpolation method to recover three‐dimensional acquisition criteria. This trial suggests that, at this site, three‐dimensional data can be simulated from a grid of pseudo‐three‐dimensional data, sampled at 0.05 × 0.25 m2. In this way, high quality images of an archaeological target can be obtained with minimal increase to survey effort. We hope that, on the basis of this work, three‐dimensional and multi‐offset acquisitions will be more readily considered for archaeological GPR investigations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiomer‐Selective Carbamoylation of Racemic α‐Hydroxy γ‐Lactones with Chiral CuII Catalysts: An Example of a Highly Active Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reaction
Authors: Kurono Nobuhito , Kondo Tadahiro , Wakabayashi Masanori , Ooka Hirohito , Inoue Tsutomu , Tachikawa Hiroto , Ohkuma Takeshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEnantiomer‐selective carbamoylation of racemic α‐hydroxy γ‐lactones with half equivalents of isocyanates in the presence of chiral CuII catalysts was studied. Among a series of catalyst bearing chiral bis(oxazoline) (box) and pyridine(bisoxazoline) ligands, [Cu(tBu‐box)]X2 [X=OSO2CF3 (3 a), SbF6 (3 b)] showed the highest enantioselectivity in the reaction of pantolactone (1 a). Use of n‐C3H7NCO, a small alkyl isocyanate, in CH2Cl2 solution was important to achieve a high level of enantiomer selection. The tBu‐box‐CuII catalyst efficiently differentiated two enantiomers of β‐substituted α‐hydroxy γ‐lactones under the optimized reaction conditions, resulting in a stereoselectivity factor (s=kfast/kslow) of up to 209. Furthermore, this catalyst is highly active, so that the carbamoylation can be conducted with a substrate‐to‐catalyst molar ratio of 2000–3000. A catalytic cycle of this reaction is also proposed.
Video training of support staff in intervention plans for challenging behavior: Comparison with live training
Authors: Macurik Kenneth M. , O'Kane Niamh P. , Malanga Paul , Reid Dennis H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe compared video versus live training as respective components of a program for training support staff in individualized intervention plans for people with severe disabilities and challenging behavior. Procedures constituting behavior plans for three individuals were presented to staff through an initial training session and then follow‐up assessment and training on the job. Twenty staff received the initial training in small groups by watching a video of a behavior analyst describing a plan along with informational bullets, and 18 staff received the initial training in live sessions with the behavior analyst. Results of knowledge quizzes and on‐the‐job observations and questions with staff indicated video and live training were both effective. Video training was more efficient regarding time required by staff trainees and trainers' direct‐contact time with staff. However, additional trainer time (and staff videographer time) was required to make the videos. Both types of training were well received by staff, though live training was slightly better received based on staff ratings. In light of results supporting effectiveness of video training, suggestions are offered regarding when such training is likely to be more and less advantageous from an efficiency perspective. Future research areas discussed focus on the ways to enhance the utility of video training. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective precipitation‐assisted recovery of immunoglobulins from bovine serum using controlled‐fouling crossflow membrane microfiltration
Authors: Venkiteshwaran Adith , Heider Patrick , Teysseyre Laure , Belfort Georges 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEfficient and economic recovery of immunoglobulins (Igs) from complex biological fluids such as serum, cell culture supernatant or fermentation cell lysate or supernatant, represents a substantial challenge in biotechnology. Methods such as protein A affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography are limited by cost and selectivity, respectively, while membrane chromatography is limited by low adsorptive area, flow distribution problems and scale‐up difficulties. By combining the traditional salt‐assisted precipitation process for selective removal of Igs from serum followed by constant‐permeate flux membrane microfiltration for low fouling, we demonstrate an exciting new, efficient and economic hybrid method. The high selectivity of an ammonium sulfate‐induced precipitation step was used to precipitate the Igs leaving the major undesirable impurity, the bovine serum albumin (BSA), in solution. Crossflow membrane microfiltration in diafiltration mode was then employed to retain the precipitate, while using axial flow rates to optimize removal of residual soluble BSA to the permeate. The selectivity between immunoglobulin G (IgG) and BSA obtained from the precipitation step was ∼36, with 97% removal of the BSA with diafiltration in 5 diavolumes with resulting purity of the IgG of ∼93% after the membrane microfiltration step. Complete resolubilization of the IgG was obtained without any aggregation at the concentrations of ammonium sulfate employed in this work. Further, membrane pore size and axial Reynolds number (recirculation rate) were shown to be important for minimizing fouling and loss of protein precipitate. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic and Highly Enantioselective Reactions of α‐Sulfonyl Carbanions with Chiral Bis(oxazoline)s
Authors: Nakamura Shuichi , Hirata Norimune , Yamada Ryusuke , Kita Takeshi , Shibata Norio , Toru Takeshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe enantioselective reactions of lithiated benzyl trifluoromethyl sulfones with a substoichiometric amount of a bis(oxazoline) and various aldehydes is disclosed. The products were formed with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Fluorination of the sulfone with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide and a stoichiometric amount of a bis(oxazoline) gave products with extremely high enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee; ee=enantiomeric excess). The enantioselective reaction was confirmed to proceed through a dynamic thermodynamic resolution pathway.
High‐dose chemotherapy and immunotherapy in adult Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Oriol Albert , Ribera Josep‐Maria , Bergua Juan , Giménez Mesa Eduardo , Grande Carlos , Esteve Jordi , Brunet Salut , Moreno Maria‐Jose , Escoda Lourdes , Hernandez‐Rivas Jesus‐Maria , Hoelzer Dieter 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.It has been recognized that cure is possible for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients with Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (BL) if appropriate chemotherapy is used. The introduction of rituximab in BL therapeutic schemes has been scarcely explored. The outcome and toxicity of HIV‐positive patients with BL treated in a rituximab and intensive chemotherapy‐based trial was evaluated.METHODS.Thirty‐six consecutive patients, 15 to 55 years of age, diagnosed with advanced stage BL were recruited from July 2003 to August 2006, stratified according to HIV infection status and treated with 6 cycles of intensive chemotherapy including 8 doses of rituximab.RESULTS.Nineteen of the patients (53%) were HIV‐infected. Their clinical characteristics were comparable to those of the HIV‐negative patients. Complete remission (CR) rates were 88% and 84%, respectively, for HIV‐negative and ‐positive patients. Twenty‐seven patients (82% and 68%, respectively, for HIV‐negative and ‐positive patients) completed the 6 protocol scheduled cycles. HIV‐infected patients presented higher incidences of grade 3–4 mucositis (27% vs 7% of cycles,P= .0005) and severe infectious episodes (26% vs 8%,P= .0025). However, there were no statistically significant differences in 2‐year overall survival (82%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 65%–99% and 73%, 95% CI, 54%–92%, respectively) or 2‐year disease‐free survival (93%, 95% CI, 82%–99% and 87%, 95% CI 72%–99%, respectively).CONCLUSIONS.Intensive immunochemotherapy can be administered safely to patients with HIV infection. Despite a higher incidence of severe mucositis and infections the remission and survival rates are comparable to those observed in HIV‐negative patients. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Primary chemotherapy for newly diagnosed nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with synchronous brain metastases compared with whole‐brain radiotherapy administered first
Authors: Lee Dae Ho , Han Ji‐Youn , Kim Heung Tae , Yoon Sung Jin , Pyo Hong Ryull , Cho Kwan Ho , Shin Sang‐Hoon , Yoo Heon , Lee Seung‐Hoon , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.This randomized pilot trial investigated whether primary chemotherapy was feasible in terms of efficacy, survival, toxicity profile, and quality of life compared with whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) given first in chemotherapy‐naive patients nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with synchronous brain metastasis when neurologic symptoms or signs are absent or controlled by supportive care.METHODS.After stratification by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) (0–1 vs 2), the number of intracranial metastases (<3 vs 3≤), and the presence of extrathoracic extracranial metastasis, eligible patients were randomized to the primary chemotherapy arm or the WBRT‐first arm. World Health Organization (WHO) response criteria, National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI‐CTC; version 2.0), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) C‐30/LC‐13 questionnaire were used.RESULTS.A total of 48 patients were enrolled between August 2002 and November 2005. The response rate of chemotherapy and survival outcomes in the primary chemotherapy arm were not statistically different from those in the WBRT‐first arm (overall response rate, 28.0% vs 39.1%; progression‐free survival, 3.6 months vs 4.4 months; overall survival, 9.1 months vs 9.9 months). There was close correlation noted between intracranial and extracranial tumor responses (k = 0.82). However, in the WBRT‐first arm, grade 3 of 4 neutropenia was more frequent (79% vs 40%) during chemotherapy and 4 patients (17.4%) did not receive further chemotherapy because of early death or poor performance after WBRT. Cognitive function appeared to deteriorate during primary chemotherapy, but was also found to deteriorate after WBRT.CONCLUSIONS.Primary chemotherapy is more feasible and can be an appropriate option for patients with synchronous brain metastasis when neurologic symptoms or signs are absent or controlled. The role and timing of WBRT should be defined in further studies in this clinical setting. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Multidisciplinary management of colorectal brain metastases
Authors: Kruser Tim J. , Chao Samuel T. , Elson Paul , Barnett Gene H. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Angelov Lilyana , Weil Robert J. , Pelley Robert , Suh John H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The incidence of brain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing, and the management of this previously rare complication at a single institution is reported.METHODS.The records of all patients with BM from 1994 to 2005 were reviewed, and 49 patients (33 men, 16 women) with 102 BM from CRC were identified. Associations between patient and tumor characteristics, treatment modality, and survival were assessed.RESULTS.The median age at diagnosis of BM from CRC was 66 years. Forty patients (82%) had other systemic disease. The median survival after a diagnosis of BM from CRC was 5.1 months. Fifteen patients (31%) underwent surgery at some point, 14 patients (29%) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and 42 patients (86%) received whole‐brain radiotherapy during their management. Seven patients (14%) underwent upfront SRS. On multivariate analysis, a longer interval from diagnosis of CRC to diagnosis of BM was associated significantly with shorter survival (p = .01). Sex, Karnofsky performance status, tumor location, recursive partitioning analysis class, and initial treatment modality did not have an impact on survival.CONCLUSIONS.Because BM from CRC are a late‐stage phenomenon, the majority of patients in the current study had other systemic involvement, and survival after CNS involvement was poor. The results indicated that a high prevalence of systemic disease limits the proportion of patients who are strong candidates for upfront SRS, thereby limiting the impact that this modality has on outcomes in this population as a whole. Late development (>1 year after the primary tumor diagnosis) of CNS involvement may predict for poorer survival after therapy for patients with BM from CRC. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
High‐dose interleukin‐2 for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Klapper Jacob A. , Downey Stephanie G. , Smith Franz O. , Yang James C. , Hughes Marybeth S. , Kammula Udai S. , Sherry Richard M. , Royal Richard E. , Steinberg Seth M. , Rosenberg Steven 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with high‐dose interleukin‐2 (HD IL‐2) has resulted in durable tumor regression in a minority of patients. The current study presents the authors' 20‐year experience administering this immunotherapeutic agent.METHODS.Patients with metastatic RCC (n = 259) were treated with HD IL‐2 alone from January 13, 1986 through December 31, 2006 at the Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute. Potential predictive factors for response and survival, both pretreatment and treatment‐related, were first subjected to univariate analysis and then to multivariate logistic regression or a Cox proportional hazards model. Finally, the authors investigated Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic factors for survival to assess their predictive value in the patient population in the current study.RESULTS.A total of 23 patients experienced a complete response and 30 patients achieved a partial response, for an overall objective response rate of 20%. All partial responders had developed disease recurrence at the time of last follow‒up, but only 4 complete responders had experienced disease recurrence by that time. Despite toxicities, only 2 patients developed treatment‐related mortalities over this same time period. A higher baseline weight (P = .05) and MSKCC prognostic factors (P = .02) were found to be the variables most associated with response. For survival >4 years and overall survival, several pretreatment and treatment‒related factors maintained significance, but none more so than response (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS.HD IL‐2 can induce complete tumor regression in a small number of patients, and many patients have experienced extended disease‐free intervals. Given its relative safety, HD IL‐2 should still be considered a first‐line therapy in patients with metastatic RCC who have an overall good performance status. Cancer 2008. Published 2008 American Cancer Society.
Bone marrow‐derived cells that home to acoustic deafened cochlea preserved their hematopoietic identity
Authors: Tan Brian Tiong Gee , Lee Myranda Mui Gek , Ruan Runsheng 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe high degree of bone marrow cell (BMC) plasticity has prompted us to test its restoration possibility in inner ear repair. Our aim was to determine the potential of these cells to transdifferentiate into specialized cochlea cell types after acoustic injury and BMC mobilization. Lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with BMCs from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice and subjected to acoustic deafening 3 months later. In a separate experiment, stem cell factor and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor were administered to test the effect of BMC mobilization on bone marrow‐derived cell (BMDC) transdifferentiation. All mice showed almost complete chimerism 3 months after bone marrow transplantation. Upon acoustic trauma, robust BMDC migration was observed in the deafened cochlea. GFP+ cell migration was most prominent during the first week after acoustic deafening, and these cells accumulated significantly at the spiral ligament, perilymphatic compartment walls, and limbus regions. Most of the BMDCs expressed CD45 and CD68 and were identified as macrophages. Upregulation of stromal‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) was also observed in the spiral ligament during the first week after acoustic deafening. Cytokine treatment resulted in increased BMC mobilization in the systemic circulation. However, the presence of any stem cell progenitors or the differentiation of BMDCs into any cell types expressing cochlea sensory, supporting, fibrocytic, or neuronal markers were not detected in the deafened cochlea. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the homing capability of BMDCs to the deafened cochlea, and these cells displayed mature hematopoietic properties without spontaneous transdifferentiation to any cochlea cell types after acoustic trauma or bone marrow mobilization. J. Comp. Neurol. 509:167–179, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IL‐10‐dependent partial refractoriness to Toll‐like receptor stimulation modulates gut mucosal dendritic cell function
Authors: Monteleone Ivan , Platt Andrew M. , Jaensson Elin , Agace William W. , Mowat Allan McI. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe default response of the intestinal immune system to most antigens is the induction of immunological tolerance, which is difficult to reconcile with the constant exposure to ligands for TLR and other pattern recognition receptors. We showed previously that dendritic cells (DC) from the lamina propria of normal mouse intestine may be inherently tolerogenic and here we have explored how this might relate to the expression and function of Toll‐like receptors (TLR). Lamina propria (LP) DC showed higher levels of TLR 2, 3, 4 and 9 protein expression than spleen and MLN DC, with most TLR‐expressing DC in the gut being CD11clo, class II MHClo, CD103–, CD11b– and F4/80–. TLR expression by lamina propria DC was low in the upper small intestine and higher in distal small intestine and colon. Freshly isolated lamina propria DC expressed some CD40, CD80, CD86 and functional CCR7. These were up‐regulated on CD11clo, but not on CD11chi LP DC by stimulation via TLR. However, there was little induction of IL‐12 by either subset in response to TLR ligation. This was associated with constitutive IL‐10 production and was reversed by blocking IL‐10 function. Thus, IL‐10 may maintain LP DC in a partially unresponsive state to TLR ligation, allowing them to have a critical role in immune homeostasis in the gut.See accompanying commentary http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838435