bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF NEPHROTOMOGRAPHY
Authors: M.Chir. W. F. W. Southwood. , Marshall V. F. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYNephrotomography as described by Evans et al. has been evaluated from the clinician's point of view. At the present time it appears that intrarenal masses can be diagnosed as simple cysts or neoplasms with 90 to 95 per cent. accuracy. The technique requires some practice and precision, but thus far no major complications have occurred.
BILATERAL PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF THE URETER WITH USE OF ILEAL GRAFT FOR URETERAL REPLACEMENT : CASE REPORT
Authors: Crassweller Peter O. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYA brief review of the subject of primary carcinoma of the ureter has been presented, with the addition to the literature of another case of primary bilateral carcinoma. Although the patient shows some degree of nitrogen retention, it is felt that this is not due to the type of loop used, and that the U‐shaped segment with one side antiperistaltic is a satisfactory structure for ureteral replacement.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPAIRED CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE FOLLOWING URETEROCOLIC ANASTOMOSIS
Authors: Wilson G. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY1. Two‐hour glucose tolerance tests were performed on thirteen patients with ureterocolic anastomoses.2. Impaired carbohydrate tolerance was found in three patients on at least one occasion; in only one of these patients was there evidence of acidosis.3. Six other patients with acidosis had normal carbohydrate tolerance.4. Starvation appears to have been the greatest contributory factor to defective carbohydrate tolerance in the patients tested, though acidosis might have been an additional factor in one patient.5. Attention is drawn to a possible diagnostic hazard, that is, hyperglycæmia in a patient with clinical acidosis during the administration of intravenous dextrose solution.
THE OCCURRENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF VESICO‐URETERAL REFLUX IN CHILDREN
Authors: Forsythe W. I. , Whelan R. F. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYFour hundred and forty‐five children between 3 and 15 years of age have been examined by micturating cysto‐urethrography: 430 children had enuresis, ten urinary infection, and five had miscellaneous symptoms. A vesico‐ureteral reflux occurred in sixty‐one children.The relationship between reflux and obstructive abnormalities, reflux and non‐obstructive abnormalities, and reflux and infection has been studied. The findings indicate that lower urinary tract obstruction is not a common cause of vesico‐ureteral reflux in children and that other abnormalities, e.g., wide bladder‐neck anomaly, are not commonly associated with vesico‐ureteral reflux. There was a high incidence of association between vesico‐ureteral reflux and megaureter particularly with pyelitis, but whether the infection was the cause of the reflux or vice versa was not clear.Fifteen children with reflux were examined in detail in the upright position and it was found that the reflux was not confined to any one stage of filling or emptying. The height of the reflux did not seem to depend on whether the patient was in the supine or vertical position.In this series, thirty children showed a vesico‐ureteral reflux without any other apparent abnormality of the urinary tract, i.e., there was no evidence of obstructive uropathy. no evidence of neurogenic uropathy, e.g., spina bifida with neurological signs, no history of previous urinary infection, and repeated examinations of urine were normal.
MUCIN‐SECRETING CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: Edgar W. M. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYA case of mucin‐secreting carcinoma of the prostate is reported and the literature reviewed. Three other published cases were found, and one of these is of a different histological type. In the case reported here and in the two similar cases found in the literature, the patients were within the age group in which prostatic carcinoma is found most often. The particular zone f the prostate in which the tumour in the present case originated is the most usual site of origin of carcinoma of this organ. There is insufficient information available for it to be said whether the clinical course of the condition is the same as in the commoner varieties of prostatic carcinoma.
Evaluation of the Xenon‐133 Renal Blood Flow Method
Authors: COSGROVE MALCOLM D. , MOWAT PAUL 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYThe features of the 133Xe renal blood flow profile in the normal kidney have been described. It is suggested that the xenogram may be particularly useful in:

The assessment of renal trauma cases.
The evaluation of the non‐functioning kidney.
The preoperative definition of renal vein thrombosis in renal carcinoma cases.
The quantitation of renal ischaemia.
The diagnosis of transplant rejection.

The technique is recommended for the evaluation of difficult diagnosis renal problems in the hope that it may shed some light and in the knowledge that it will do no harm.
Divided Renal Function Studies in Hypertension
Authors: JAKOBSEN BENT E. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYDivided renal function studies were performed in 82 patients with hypertension and renai artery stenosis.The results were divided into 3 groups: (1) Positive tests with reduced urinary flow and increased creatinine and PAH concentrations in the urine on the affected side. (2) Negative tests with urinary flow and creatinine and PAH concentrations in the urine equal on both sides. (3) Negative tests with markedly reduced urinary flow on one side, but with equal creatinine and PAH concentrations on both sides.Of the 82 patients, 25 were subjected to nephrectomy or arterial reconstruction. In the latter, the test had been positive in 15 and negative in 10. Postoperative improvement in the hypertension was almost equally frequent in the 2 groups.
The Management of Kidney Transplants Damaged during their Removal from the Donor
Authors: SALAMAN J. R. , CLARKE A. G. , CROSBY D. L. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYCadaver kidneys may be easily damaged during their removal from the donor. The current shortage of kidneys for transplantation makes it important that every kidney should be transplanted if at all possible.In a series of 137 renal transplants, we have had to deal with 1 renal artery avulsion, 18 polar arteries devoid of aortic patches, 1 renal vein avulsion multiple renal veins and 2 severed ureters. The manner in which these injuries have been dealt with is described.As a means of preventing injuries in the future, it is suggested that the definition of death might hi re‐examined so as to permit the removal of kidneys from donors with an intact circulation.
The Genito‐urinary Manifestations of Herpes Zoster
Authors: RICHMOND WILLIAM 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYThree cases of herpes zoster involving different spinal cord levels causing urinary retention are presented.Review of the literature has revealed similar cases and a separate syndrome of zoster cystitis.In the light of our reported cases and others previously recorded the neuropathic mechanisms are discussed and a scheme of management is described.
Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract and Urinary Retention in Uganda
Authors: ANTHONY P. P. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYCarcinoma of the urinary tract in Uganda shows some unusual features.Squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histological type. This is associated not with urinary schistosomiasis, which only occurs in one small area of the country, but with longstanding posterior urethral strictures of gonococcal origin. This association is found in both bladder and urethral carcinomas, the relative frequency of the latter being unusually high. Possible aetiological factors include dietary overload with tryptophan and increased beta‐glucuronidase activity. The presence of a stricture is likely to have an enhancing effect on carcinogenesis and is the major factor in producing a high incidence of squamous cell growths through urinary stasis, infection and metaplasia.
Blood Background Subtraction Renography in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: LAVENDER S. , BROWN J. N. 
Published: November 2008

SummarySerial computer assisted blood background subtraction renograms have been performed in 8 patients with acute renal failure.One patient showed an initial tracing identical to that from a case with a bilateral nephrectomy; in 2 patients initial tracings were indistinguishable from those of cases of advanced chronic parenchymal renal disease; however all 3 patients made a complete recovery.In 3 patients symmetrical continuously rising renograms were obtained as previously reported in acute renal failue.In 2 patients asymmetrical renograms were obtained which could have been interpreted as indicating obstructive uropathy.Renography in acute renal failure must be interpreted with extreme caution.We are grateful to Professor A. Polak and Dr H. A. Lee for their advice.
Recurrent Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis Complicating Renal Transplantation
Authors: SALAMAN J. R. , MAHMOOD K. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryMesenteric venous thrombosis developed in a patient 9 months after successful cadaveric renal transplantation. Following small bowel resection the thrombosis recurred and ultimately this spread to involve the portal and splenic veins with fatal results.
Some Aspects of the Adult Urinary Stone Problem in Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Authors: SUTOR D. JUNE , WOOLEY SUSAN E. , ILLINGWORTH J. J. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn a collection of 856 urinary calculi from Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the most abundant and frequently occurring crystalline constituents are the mono‐ and di‐hydrates of calcium oxalate and hydroxy‐ and carbonate‐apatite.On the basis of composition, most stones can be assigned to a few well‐defined groups. The most common composition type, accounting for 34% of the collection, is that composed of calcium oxalate+calcium phosphate. The oxalate can be either or both of the hydrates, often both are present, but the calcium phosphate is generally hydroxyapatite. Stones consisting of pure calcium oxalate make up 27% of the total, while those comprised of struvite+calcium phosphate contribute 17%. In the latter variety the calcium phosphate is almost invariably carbonate‐apatite. The other group considered consists of the pure calcium phosphate calculi which account for 7% of the collection.The incidence of stones in relation to their site in the urinary tract and the patient's age and sex has been investigated, together with the effect of the stone site, patient's age and sex on the distribution of calculi in the main composition groups and the effect of composition, site, age and sex on the stone weight. Most of these variables have a significant effect on one another.The incidence of stones is also related to daily occupation, professional workers being 10 times more likely to develop urolithiasis than labourers.We thank the Medical Research Council and Nuffield Foundation who financed most of this work and Mr D. Sturt who kindly agreed to the participation of the Computer Centre in this project. We are greatly indebted to Mr N. W. Please for advice and many helpful discussions on the statistics and for carrying out the analysis of variance. Finally, we are grateful to the many surgeons and physicians who provided the stones and the data.
High‐Dose Delayed Urogram in the Detection of the Occult Ectopic Ureter
Authors: HUTTON IAN M. , GREEN N. ALAN 
Published: November 2008

SummaryTwo cases of unilateral and 2 of bilateral ureteral duplication with ectopy are presented.Five of 6 ectopic renal segments were visualised directly without instrumentation by means of high‐dose urograms with delayed films. This technique is recommended in the investigation of possible ureteral ectopy.We are grateful to Mr Guy Baines of Birmingham for referring Case 2 and also to Mr J. Gordon Smart of Leicester for the loan of radiographs in Case 4.
Simplified Cystography in Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: TANAGHO EMIL A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryLateral cystograms done with a urethral catheter in place clearly define the vesico‐urethral segment. Lateral X‐ray films at rest and with straining while the patient is lying on the flat X‐ray table determine the initial resting position and the degree of mobility of the vesico‐urethral segment.Normally the vesico‐urethral junction is opposite the lower third of the pubic bone and moves about 0–5 to 1–5 cm downward and posteriorly with straining.In true stress incontinence, the intrinsic urinary sphincteric mechanism is usually intact (unless surgically damaged), yet weakened by lack of pelvic support–which leads to excessive mobility and/or abnormal resting position of the vesico‐urethral segment. Surgery can correct only these 2 defects if present.Simplified cystographic studies can offer valuable information in confirming the diagnosis and in assessing the prognosis.
Evaluation of Immunological Reactivity in Bladder Cancer
Authors: O'BOYLE P. J. , COOPER E. H. , WILLIAMS R. E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes from patients with bladder cancer on T24 bladder cancer cells in tissue culture have been studied. The technical problems are described and the suitability of the method as part of the assessment of the patients' immune reactivity discussed. On balance the technical difficulties outweigh its theoretical advantages.
The Control of Severe Bleeding from the Bladder by Intravesical Hyperbaric Therapy
Authors: HAMMONDS J. C. , WILLIAMS J. L. , FOX MILES 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIntravesical hyperbaric therapy has been used successfully to control severe haemorrhage from the bladder following radiotherapy and multiple tumours in 8 treatments on 7 patients.A good long‐term palliative effect has also been achieved in the majority.The treatment is relatively free from side‐effects, can be repeated, and is recommended as the primary treatment in bleeding from the irradiated bladder free of tumour and in the otherwise inoperable patient.In operable lesions it controls the bleedinglongenough for the patient to be adequately prepared for major surgery.We would like to acknowledge the considerable help given to us by the Anaesthetic Department and the devoted attention of the Sister and Nurses on the Keeling Ward. We are indebted to the Photographic Department of the United Sheffield Hospitals for the photographs.
Renal Angiomyolipoma Causing Hypertension: A Case Report
Authors: FUTTER N. G. , COLLINS W. E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA patient with asymptomatic hypertension due to a renal angiomyolipoma is described. The possible causes for hypertension, in particular increased renin secretion is discussed.We would like to thank Dr G. R. I. Powers and Dr E. Liepa of the Department of Radiology and Pathology.
The Surgery and Problems of the Ureter in Human Renal Transplantation
Authors: BEWICK M. , COLLINS R. E. C. , SAXTON H. M. , ELLIS F. G. , MCCOLL I. , OGG C. S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThis study describes the urological complications associated with 200 consecutive renal allotransplantations performed between May 1967 and March 1973. Of these 176 were cadaver kidneys and 24 kidneys were from live donors.An outline of the surgical technique is followed by details of the postoperative management in straight‐forward and complicated cases. Details of radiological techniques are discussed.Urological complications are divided into those occurring soon after surgery and those developing after 3 months of satisfactory function. The possible causes are listed and means of identifying them described. The outcome of the various complications is described.There was an overall incidence of urological complications of 13–5% (5% due to primary obstruction and 7 % due to primary fistula formation). The mortality directly due to a urological complication was 4% and was highest (2%) in those due to primary urinary obstruction.
The Use of Frusemide and Epsilon‐Amino‐Caproic‐Acid in Transurethral Prostatectomy
Authors: SMART C. J. , TURNBULL A. R. , JENKINS J. D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA randomised prospective clinical trial has been performed to assess the effectiveness of giving e‐amino‐caproic‐acid to patients routinely receiving a frusemide diuresis, following transurethral prostatectomy. A significant reduction in postoperative blood loss, and fewer problems related to catheter management and infection were noted in the group of patients receiving E.A.C.A.We wish to thank Dr D. Pearce and Dr W. E. Waters for their help in devising the trial, Mr R. Rumble and Mr B. Howard for their technical assistance and the nursing staff of Southampton General Hospital for their cooperation.
The Crystalline Composition of Prostatic Calculi
Authors: SUTOR D. JUNE , WOOLEY SUSAN E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe composition of 28 prostatic calculi has been determined by X‐ray diffraction. 14 stonesconsisted entirely of 1 or more of the following calcium phosphates‐carbonate‐apatite, hydroxy‐apatite and whitlockite. Most of these are likely to be true or endogenous prostatic calculi formed from the prostatic fluid. The other 14 stones contained compounds which can precipitate from urine but are unlikely to precipitate from the prostatic secretion. These are the exogenous type forming at least in part from urine. Whittockite which was found to be a major constituent of the true stones has been identified in them for the first time. Its discovery shows that salivary and prostatic calculi are similar in composition in that they consist of apatite or apatite + whitlockite.This work was financed by the Medical Research Council.
Technetium‐99M Polyphosphate Bone Scanning in Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: LENTLE BRIAN C. , MCGOWAN DAVID G. , DIERICH HELGA 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn 100 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate examined by X‐ray, skeletal metastases were diagnosed in 18 patients. The additional use of bone scanning with 99mTc‐P.P. increased this figure to 34.Of the 16 patients with metastatic disease demonstrated on a bone scan but not apparent at the initial reading of the radiographs, confirmatory evidence has been forthcoming in 11.X‐ray examination, which need only be of limited scope, remains desirable. It is necessary to exclude false positive bone scans due to coincidental abnormalities such as Paget's disease of bone.We are indebted to Mrs Mary Laschowski both for assistance in carrying out this analysis, and for considerable secretarial help.The illustrations were kindly prepared by Mr Karl Leisner and the statistical analyses carried out by Dr Michael Grace.
Lymphography in Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: ZINGG E. J. , FUCHS W. A. , HÉRITIER P. , GÖTHLIN J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary60 patients with carcinoma of the prostate of all clinical stages were investigated by lymphography.Positive lymphographic findings were present in about 50% of the cases.The more advanced tumours were found to metastasise more frequently.Lymphography is indispensable to select patients with clinically limited disease to the prostate for radical prostatectomy.The anatomical display of the iliac and aortic lymph nodes on the lymphogram facilitates the selection of the portal fields in external beam megavoltage radiotherapy.
Adrenal Suppression in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Prostate
Authors: ROBINSON M. R. G. , SHEARER R. J. , FERGUSSON J. D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryExperience of 26 patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated by adrenal suppression with aminoglutethimide is reviewed. 60% of hormone resistant tumours showed some response.A fall in plasma testosterone beyond that achieved by oestrogens was not observed.A high incidence of side‐effects was noted.A limited role for aminoglutethimide in the management of prostatic carcinoma is suggested.Our thanks are due to the Consultant Surgeons, St Peter's Hospitals who referred their cases to us for investigation. We acknowledge with thanks the help of Dr I. F. Sommerville and Mr M. D. Mansfield, Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Chelsea Hospital for Women, who performed testosterone assays. Aminoglutethimide was supplied by Ciba Laboratories Ltd, Horsham, Sussex. This work was supported by a grant from the St Peter's Research Trust.
Fine Structural Changes in Rat Prostate 5 Months After the Experimental Introduction of 20‐Methylcholanthrene
Authors: AUGHEY ELIZABETH , SCOTT ROBERT , MCLAUGHLIN IAN 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe fine structure of hypertrophied cells in rat prostate parenchyma after exposure to 20‐methylcholanthrene is described, and some features such as degenerating mitochondria, increase in smooth membranes and lysosomes suggest that these cells are passed their peak. This is supported by the sloughing of these cells and their consequent replacement by a stratified epithelium originating in the basal undifferentiated reserve cells.Keratinisation of the epithelium with the presence of typical tonofibrils is regarded as evidence of a fully‐developed squamous cell carcinoma.This work was supported by a grant from the Cancer Research Campaign.
Malignant Lymphoma of the Testis in Indians
Authors: SAMPAT MRUDULA B. , SIRSAT M. V. , KAMAT MURALIDHAR R. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe pathological and clinical features of 17 cases of malignant lymphoma of testis seen at Tata Memorial Hospital, Bombay, from the year 1941 through 1972 are presented. Malignant lymphoma accounts for 3–8 % of 445 histologically proved cases of testicular malignancies in our material.The material has been divided into 3 groups: (i) Testicular tumour as the only manifestation throughout the course of the disease (3 cases); (ii) Testicular tumour followed by dissemination during the course of the disease (12 cases); (iii) Testicular tumour following generalised lymphoma (2 cases).Bilateral testicular tumours are rare but when they do occur malignant lymphoma accounts for the larger number of cases. Of 4 bilateral testicular tumours found in the total number of 445 testicular malignancies 3 belonged to malignant lymphoma group.The maximum number of patients (14) were between the ages of 40 and 68 years. Two cases of lymphoma occurred in patients aged 5 years and 16 years respectively.Malignant lymphoma of testis is a disease with a poor prognosis. The majority of the patients died within a year following orchidectomy. One patient is alive and free from disease for 5 years and 6 months after orchidectomy.Hodgkin's disease of the testis is very rarely reported. We have seen 2 cases in our material.
Rare Combination of Duplication of Genito‐urinary Tract, Hindgut, Vertebral Column and Other Associated Anomalies
Authors: DUTTA TRIPTA , GEORGE V. , MEENAKSHI P. K. , DAS G. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryTwo children, one male and one female have been presented with more or less identical rare congenital deformities of genito‐urinary tract, hindgut and vertebral column.Both the children had completely separate urinary systems, each comprising 1 kidney ureter, bladder, urethra and penis in the boy with no communication at any level.The genital organs in both cases were completely duplicated, the boy having 2 penes and double scrotum containing a normal testis in each and the girl had 2 vaginal orifices and 2 uteri as demonstrated by 2 cervices projecting into the 2 vaginae (no other test to demonstrate the 2 uteri were done).Both the children had duplication of hindgut and anorectal atresia, complete in the boy and partial in the girl. The girl also had reverse rotation of the hindgut.Both the children had defects in the vertebral column. The boy had hemivertebra, first lumbar rib on the right side and double sacrum. The girl had malformation of the sacrum with spina bifida and diastasis of pubic bones.The anomalies in the girl on the whole showed an attempt at reduplication of single organs and fusion of paired ones.