bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of occult micrometastases in the bone marrow of patients with prostate carcinoma
Authors: Bretton Paul R. , Melamed Myron R. , Fair William R. , Cote Richard J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA panel of three monoclonal antibodies that recognize membrane and cytoskeletal antigens expressed by epithelial cells (T16′ C26′ and AE‐1) was used in a sensitive immunohistochemical assay to detect tumor cells in bone marrow aspirates from 20 patients with prostate cancer. Bone marrow aspirates from 2/9 (22%) patients with localized prostate cancer (stage B, 0/5; Stage C, 2/4), and 4/11 (36%) patients with metastatic prostate cancer (Stage D1′ 0/7 patients; Stage D2′ 4/4 patients) had antigen‐positive cells in their bone marrow. The patients with localized disease had conventional examinations for metastases, including radioisotope bone scans and examination of bone marrow cytology, which were negative.The serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) level appeared to correlate with the presence of micrometastases. Those patients with localized disease and antigen‐positive cells in the bone marrow had an average serum PSA level of 26.6 ng/ml, while the average serum PSA level in patients without antigen‐positive cells was 12.3 ng/ml. In addition, the number of antigen‐positive cells detected appeared to correlate with the stage of disease; patients with Stage C prostate cancer had an average of 10 antigen‐positive cells per one million bone marrow elements, while patients with Stage D2 disease had an average of 25 antigen‐positive cells per one million bone marrow elements.We have demonstrated that immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates can detect occult bone marrow metastases in patients with apparently localized prostate cancer. Further follow‐up of these and a larger number of patients will be required to determine the potential clinical significance of this finding. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated expression of estramustine binding protein (EMBP) in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) compared with malignant and benign prostatic epithelia
Authors: de la Torre Manuel , Eklöv Solveig , Häggman Michael , Björk Per , Busch Christer , Nilsson Sten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of estramustine‐binding protein (EMBP) was studied immunohistochemically in whole‐mount prostate sections. Specimens were taken from the prostates of 15 patients who had undergone total prostatectomy due to localized (TOd‐T2 NO MO) prostatic cancer (PC). Almost all the examined whole‐mount sections displayed areas with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). PIN is regarded as the main precursor of invasive PC. High‐ and low‐grade PIN expressed EMBP. The average positively stained areas accounted for averages of 69.2% and 48.7%, respectively. High‐grade PIN contained the highest EMBP levels of all the investigated (benign and malignant) epithelia, followed by moderately differentiated PC. With regard to areas with PC, the highest levels of EMBP expression (61.3%) were observed in moderately differentiated PC; poorly differentiated PC came second. Of all the examined epithelia, EMBP levels were lowest in well‐differentiated PC (25.8%). Normal prostatic epithelia and hyperplasia were characterized by low EMBP expression, although somewhat higher than well‐differentiated PC. A moderate expression (45%) was observed in the seminal vesicles. According to these results, EMBP was expressed mainly in the diseased peripheral zone (PZ), where PIN and prostatic cancer have their highest prevalence. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PR92 antigen in human prostate fluid: Elevated levels in prostate cancer
Authors: Carlin Bruce I. , Marachie Jodi , Venegas Mario F. , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Shaw Norman , Hass G. Michael , Rademaker Alfred W. , Lee Chung , Grayhack John T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this preliminary study, we report that an enzyme‐linked immunofluorescence assay (EFLA) was developed for the determination of PR92 antigen in prostatic fluid, utilizing anti‐PR92 monoclonal antibody. Fluid samples from 64 patients were assayed. PR92 antigen was expressed as unit per microgram (U/μg) of prostatic fluid proteins. One hundred percent of men (7 out of 7) less than 50 years of age demonstrated concentrations less than 25 U/μg; 91% of men (10 out of 11) with documented carcinoma, and only 9.5% of men (2 out of 21) with benign prostatic hyperplasia, demonstrated concentrations above 230 U/μg. The mean concentration of PR92 antigen in prostatic fluid of a group of patients suspected of having prostate cancer (high‐risk group; 227 ± 42 U/μg) was significantly greater than that of those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (87 ± 23 U/μg; P = 0.05). Further evaluation of this potential marker and of other antigens within the prostatic fluid is warranted. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial growth suppression of human prostate cancer cells by the Krev‐1 suppressor gene
Authors: Burney Tracy L. , Rockove Shammai , Eiseman Julie L. , Jacobs Stephen C. , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of functional studies were performed to assess the potential role of the ras‐related transformation suppressor gene, Krev‐1, in suppressing prostate cancer cell growth. Three human prostate cancer cell lines, PC‐3, TSU‐Pr1, and DU‐145 were transfected with a plasmid containing the Krev‐1 cDNA and a neomycin resistance gene. Selected G418‐resistant clones were isolated and expanded into cell lines. All cloned transfectants exhibited a significant reduction in their in vitro growth rates, i.e., longer doubling times, when compared to the parental cell lines. Molecular analysis of the Krev‐1 cloned transfectants revealed that they all contained variable copy numbers of the Krev‐1 gene and expressed high levels of Krev‐1 mRNA transcript, as shown by Southern and Northern analysis, respectively. To determine whether the biological properties associated with tumorigenicity were changed in these Krev‐1 transfectants, their growth characteristics were examined on the basis of their ability to a) form colonies in soft agar, and b) produce tumors in SCID mice. The majority of the Krev‐1 transfectants from the PC‐3 and TSU‐Pr1 cell lines showed a substantially reduced ability to form colonies in soft agar and produced significantly smaller tumors when inoculated into SCID mice. In contrast, there was no significant reduction in the soft agar colony‐forming ability or in vivo tumorigenicity of the DU‐145 Krev‐1 transfectants. These results suggest that the Krev‐1 suppressor gene induces partial suppression of the malignant phenotype of human prostate cancer cells containing activated ras oncogenes. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular PSA in benign and malignant prostate
Authors: Culkin Daniel J. , Gelder Frank B. , Mata John A. , Venable Dennis D. , Zitman Roger I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the relationship of carcinoma of the prostate and cellular production of prostate‐specific antigen, cytosol levels of PSA were measured in benign and malignant fresh prostate tissue harvested from radical prostatectomy specimens. Wedge biopsies were taken from benign (N = 21) and malignant (N = 74) prostate tissue and were immediately fixed in liquid nitrogen, and then homogenized and differentially centrifuged, and the cytosol fractions extracted. The remaining specimen was sent for routine pathologic assessment. The Hybritech methodology was used to measure the cytosol PSA and standard protein analysis was used for cytosol protein (CP) measurement. There was a significantly greater concentration of PSA in malignant tissue (P = 0.046). Also, when benign and malignant tissue were available from a single prostate (N = 17), these differences in cytosol PSA were even greater (P = 0.002). In addition, there was no significant difference when serum PSAs from the malignant tissue were ranked according to Gleason score and placed into three different histologic grades (i.e., Gleason scores 2–4, 5–6, and 7–10).
Chemo‐endocrine therapy in patients with stage D2 prostate cancer
Authors: Kubota Yoko , Nakada Teruhiro , Imai Kyoichi , Yamanaka Hidetoshi , Sakai Hideki , Saito Yutaka , Tomaru Yukio , Kitamura Koichi , Sugano Osamu , Sasagawa Isoji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere have only been a few studies of chemo‐endocrine therapy compared with endocrine therapy alone in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. We assessed the effects of these two therapies by comparing long‐term survival rates.One hundred and twenty‐nine patients were entered in this study between November 1977 and March 1992. Seventy‐seven patients were treated with endocrine therapy alone. Other 52 patients received chemo‐endocrine therapy, which included orchiectomy and/or diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES‐DP) plus Cisplatin, with or without other cytotoxic agents. All patients had bone metastasis at the beginning of the study.There was a significant difference in survival between patients who received endocrine therapy and chemo‐endocrine therapy (P = 0.0078). That is, survival rate was superior for the chemoendocrine therapy patients throughout the entire follow‐up period.These data suggest that early chemo‐endocrine therapy containing Cisplatin, with or without maintenance chemotherapy, is a potentially effective treatment for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer and is worth further investigation via a randomized trial.
IGF‐Binding proteins in human prostate tumor cells: Expression and regulation by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Drivdahl Rolf H. , Loop Stephen M. , Andress Dennis L. , Ostenson Richard C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of the six known insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their corresponding messenger RNAs has been examined in three cell lines established from surgical and biopsy specimens of human prostate carcinoma. All three cell lines produced both IGFBP‐4 and IGFBP‐6 and the respective mRNAs; expression of IGFBP‐6 has not been previously demonstrated in human prostate tumor cells. No other binding proteins were detected. The levels of IGFBP mRNAs were not regulated by androgens or IGF‐1, but the level of IGFBP‐6 mRNA was sharply increased by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3). The stimulation was dose‐dependent with a maximum effect at 10 nM 1,25(OH)D3 and a clearly discernible effect at 0.1 nM. The results support a role for vitamin D in the control of prostate tumor growth, mediated at least in part by interaction with IGFs and specific IGFBPs.
Inhibition of androgen synthesis by 22‐hydroximino‐23,24‐bisnor‐4‐cholen‐3‐one
Authors: Li Ji‐Song , Li Yan , Son Chong , Brodie Angela M. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 22‐hydroximino‐23,24‐bisnor‐4‐cholen‐3‐one (22‐oxime) was synthesized and evaluated as an inhibitor of 17α‐hydroxylase/C17,20‐lyase in rat testicular microsomes and the 5α‐reductase of human prostatic microsomes from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. The 22‐oxime demonstrated moderate inhibition for the 17α‐hydroxylase (Ki 74 nM vs. Km 29 nM) with progesterone as substrate and potent inhibition (Ki 18 nM vs. Km 76 nM) for the C17,20‐lyase activity with 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone as substrate. Further investigation of this enzyme with progesterone as substrate demonstrated the inhibition occurred mainly at the 17α‐hydroxylation step of the progesterone substrate. The 22‐oxime also demonstrated potent and competitive inhibition of 5α‐reductase in human prostatic microsomes (Ki 1.4 nM vs. Km 14 nM). When adult male rats were injected subcutaneously (sc) daily with 22‐oxime (50 mg/kg/day) for 21 days, the concentrations of serum and testicular testosterone were significantly reduced by 65% and 59%, respectively, in comparison to vehicle‐treated controls. Furthermore, both testosterone and DHT concentrations in rat prostatic tissue were significantly decreased by 60% and 44% compared to control tissue. Serum LH concentrations were unchanged in the 22‐oxime‐treated group compared to the control group. This indicates that the reduction in androgen concentrations in animals treated with this compound is not due to its influence on pituitary feedback mechanisms which result in reduced LH secretion. These results suggest that 22‐oxime is effective in reducing androgen synthesis through the inhibition of 17α‐hydroxylase, C17,20‐lyase, and 5α‐reductase both in vitro and in vivo.
Serum free prostate specific antigen: Isoenzymes in benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate
Authors: Huber Peter R. , Schmid Hans‐Peter , Mattarelli Gianfranco , Strittmatter Bernadette , van Steenbrugge Gert Jan , Maurer Andreas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstate specific antigen (PSA) in serum of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostate cancer (P‐CA) not bound to α‐1‐antichymotrypsin (ACT) was analyzed by chromatofocusing. The procedure allowed the simultaneous separation of complexed and free PSA and the fractionation of the free PSA fraction into several isoenzymes. The detection of the isoenzymes was strongly dependent on the combination of antibodies introduced in the applied commercially available immunoassays (Cobas® Core, Delfia®). Isoenzymes in sera of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were mainly situated in the pI range of 6.6 to 7.3. Isoenzymes in sera of prostate cancer patients or in PSA from LNCAP cells were mainly situated in the pI range 7.0 to 8.3. Neuraminidase treatment of the sera shifted the isoelectric points of all three sources towards more basic pHs. An irregular glycosylation process in the dysplastic cells of the prostate is suggested to be the cause for the shift of the isoelectric points. The difference of isoenzyme distribution along the pH axis is discussed as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between BPH and P‐CA. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raloxifene (LY156758) produces antimetastatic responses and extends survival in the paiii rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model
Authors: Neubauer Blake Lee , Best Kevin L. , Counts David F. , Goode Robin L. , Hoover Dennis M. , Jones C. David , Sarosdy Michael F. , Shaar Carl J. , Tanzer Lee R. , Merriman Ronald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe benzothiophene antiestrogen, raloxifene (LY156758), has selective estrogen pharmacological antagonist activity in rats. The PAIII rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model was used to evaluate the effects of this agent on the lymphatic and pulmonary metastasis and survival in tumor‐bearing male Lobund‐Wistar (LW) rats. Reloxifene was inactive against colony formation of PAIII cells in vitro. Similarly, following subcutaneous (s.c.) implantation of 106 PAIII cells in the tail, s.c. administration of raloxifene (2.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/kg/day) for 30 days failed to demonstrate cytoreductive activity against primary tumor growth in the tail. However, in these same animals, raloxifene administration produced significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of PAIII metastasis from the primary tumor in the tail to the gluteal and iliac lymph nodes (maximal responses = 89% and 81% from control values, respectively). PAIII metastasis to the lungs was significantly inhibited by raloxifene treatment. Numbers of pulmonary foci in PAIII‐bearing rats were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by raloxifene administration in a dose‐related manner (maximal reduction = 97% from control values). In these animals, maximal regression of 20% for ventral prostate and 21% for seminal vesicle were also seen after raloxifene administration (P < 0.05 for both). Coadministration of E2B and raloxifene had no consistent antagonistic effect upon the antitumor responses produced by raloxifene. Raloxifene (40.0 mg/kg/day for 28 days) produced marked decreases in PAIII metastasis in the lymphatic and pulmonary components. Continued administration of the compound produced significant (P < 0.05) extension of survival of PAIII‐bearing rats. Further studies are needed to define the maximal antitumor efficacy and the mechanism of action of raloxifene in urogenital solid tumor animal models. These data support the contention that raloxifene represents a class of active antimetastatic agents with potential efficacy in the treatment of hormone‐insensitive human prostatic cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of BH3 and alkaline cation released from the reduction agent on a tandem reduction/acylation reaction—A computational study
Authors: Petkova Nevena I. , Nikolova Rositca D. , Bojilova Anka G. , Vayssilov Georgi N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen an alkaline boron hydride is used as reduction reagent two byproducts are released, BH3 and alkaline cation, and both of them could influence the following reaction steps if a multi‐step reaction is performed in tandem one‐pot fashion. We report a theoretical study on the stability of possible complexes of the Lewis acids, BH3 and alkaline cations, with reaction intermediate, solvent molecules and basic additives in a tandem hydride reduction/acylation reaction of 3‐diethylphosphonocoumarin. Both chelate complexes of the intermediate anion with the alkali cations (Li+, Na+, or K+) and complexes of BH3 bound to C or O center of the ambident anionic intermediate have been investigated. Since the formation of the latter complexes blocks the intermediate for further acylation, the reaction could take place only if BH3 is bound in a complex with a strong base as DMAP. The binding energy of BH3 to DMAP was found higher than to the intermediate for Li+ and Na+ as counter cations, while for K+ BH3 is bound to the intermediate stronger than to DMAP. Formation of the intermediate is facilitated in presence of Li+ cations, but the alteration of the alkali cation does not influence the selectivity of the reaction—C‐acylations is preferred in all cases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Fingerprint verification using ridge direction distribution and minutiae correspondence
Authors: Wakahara Toru , Kimura Yoshimasa , Suzuki Akira , Shio Akio , Sano Mutsuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFingerprint verification technique is raising high expectations as a means of personal identification based on physical features. This paper proposes a fingerprint verification method which can achieve minutiae matching with highly accurate compensation for rotation and position deviation, as well as high speed and stability. The process flow after binarization of the gray‐scale fingerprint image is as follows. (1) Using the fingerprint ridge direction distribution in each local region, highly accurate compensation for the rotation and the position deviation between the enrolled fingerprint and the input fingerprint is performed. (2) The optimal correspondence between enrolled and input minutiae is established by fast combinatorial search. (3) By applying threshold processing to the distances of the fingerprint ridge direction distributions and the minutiae matching rate, the acceptance/rejection of the person is decided. Fingerprint image data for 80 persons×4 fingers×10 samples were collected using a commercial electrostatic capacitance semiconductor fingerprint sensor. The false reject rate and the false acceptance rate are investigated in fingerprint verification experiments, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(3): 72–82, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10522
Chi‐squared and Fisher–Irwin tests of two‐by‐two tables with small sample recommendations
Authors: Campbell Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo‐by‐two tables commonly arise in comparative trials and cross‐sectional studies. In medical studies, two‐by‐two tables may have a small sample size due to the rarity of a condition, or to limited resources. Current recommendations on the appropriate statistical test mostly specify the chi‐squared test for tables where the minimum expected number is at least 5 (following Fisher and Cochran), and otherwise the Fisher–Irwin test; but there is disagreement on which versions of the chi‐squared and Fisher–Irwin tests should be used. A further uncertainty is that, according to Cochran, the number 5 was chosen arbitrarily. Computer‐intensive techniques were used in this study to compare seven two‐sided tests of two‐by‐two tables in terms of their Type I errors. The tests were K. Pearson's and Yates's chi‐squared tests and the ‘N−1’ chi‐squared test (first proposed by E. Pearson), together with four versions of the Fisher–Irwin test (including two mid‐P versions). The optimum test policy was found to be analysis by the ‘N−1’ chi‐squared test when the minimum expected number is at least 1, and otherwise, by the Fisher–Irwin test by Irwin's rule (taking the total probability of tables in either tail that are as likely as, or less likely than the one observed). This policy was found to have increased power compared to Cochran's recommendations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased dopamine D2High receptors in amphetamine‐sensitized rats, measured by the agonist [3H](+)PHNO
Authors: Seeman Philip , Mccormick Patrick N. , Kapur Shitij 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRepeated injections of amphetamine causes animals to become sensitized and supersensitive to DA. Previous work showed that the striata from such sensitized rats revealed a 3.5‐fold increase in the density of D2High DA receptors, as measured by the guanine‐nucleotide‐sensitive component of [3H]raclopride binding. The present study was done to confirm these earlier findings by different methods and different ligands. The striata from amphetamine‐sensitized rats showed an increase of 2.2‐fold in the density of guanine‐nucleotide‐sensitive D2 receptors labeled by saturation experiments with [3H](+)PHNO. The proportion of D2High receptors was also found to increase 2.5‐fold using the method of competition between DA and [3H]domperidone. The overall 2.2–3.5‐fold increase of DA D2High receptors may explain why amphetamine‐sensitized animals are much more sensitive to DA agonists, even though the total density of D2 receptors may apparently be unchanged or even decreased. Synapse 61:263–267, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolism of flavoneC-glucosides andp-coumaric acid from antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) in rats
Authors: Zhang Yu , Tie Xiaowei , Bao Bili , Wu Xiaoqin , Zhang Ying 
Published: February 2007

The metabolism of flavoneC-glucosides andp-coumaric acid from antioxidant of bamboo leaves (AOB) in rats is discussed systematically in the present study. Following single oral administration of AOB,p-coumaric acid was detected in plasma but not in gastrointestinal tract extracts and faeces, and the corresponding absorption pharmacokinetic curve at different time points showed a prolonged elimination phase withp-coumaric acid being detected in the kidneys and excreted as its original form (1·80 (sd0·24) % and 1·90 (sd0·26) % at 12 and 24 h, respectively). However, the four flavoneC-glucosides orientin, homoorientin, vitexin and isovitexin were poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. More than 50 % recovery of flavoneC-glucosides was determined at 12 h and faeces containing these four analytes (21·23 (sd1·92) %) were excreted at 24 h. These data suggested that the effective time these compounds were in the colon was long enough so that they could exert their antioxidant activity and scavenge free radicals. Besides the excretion of the original forms, moieties of the flavoneC-glucosides were hydrolysed by deglycosylation and the opening of the heterocyclic C ring. Some small molecules such as phloroglucinol (PG), hydrocaffeic acid (HCA) and phloretic acid (PA) were detected and identified as metabolites of the flavoneC-glucosides. In the present work, we compared the metabolic fate of flavoneC-glucosides to that of flavoneO-glucosides in rats, and evaluated the absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of flavoneC-glucosides in AOB on their metabolism for the first time.