bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Risk Factors for ICU-Associated Delirium in the Alert Geriatric Trauma Population
Authors: Ulderich Williams Sarah C. , Qaddoumi Ansam I. , Meghreblian John T. , McBride Mary E. , King Sarah A , Elahi Muhammad A. , Tuggle Debbie , Heidel R. Eric , Smith Lou M. 
Published: March 2024

Background This study analyzed the overall incidence of delirium, comorbid conditions, injury patterns, and pharmacological risk factors for the development of delirium in an alert, geriatric trauma population. Methods IRB-approved, prospective, consecutive cohort series at two Southeastern Level 1 trauma centers from June 11 to August 15, 2023. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) score. Comorbidities and medications were detailed from electronic medical records. Inclusion criteria: age ≥55, GCS ≥14, and ICU admission for trauma. Patients on a ventilator were excluded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 28 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results In total, 196 patients met inclusion criteria. Incidences of delirium for Hospital 1 (n = 103) and Hospital 2 (n = 93) were 15.5% and 12.9%, respectively, with an overall incidence of 14.3% and with no statistical differences between hospitals ( P = .599). CAD, CKD, dementia, stroke history, and depression were statistically significant risk factors for developing delirium during ICU admission. Inpatient SSRI/SNRIs, epinephrine/norepinephrine, and lorazepam were significant risk factors. Injury patterns, operative intervention, and use of lidocaine infusions and gabapentin were not statistically significant in delirium development. Using binary linear regression (BLR) analysis, independent risk factors for delirium were dementia, any stage CKD, home SSRI/SRNI prescription, any spine injury and cerebrovascular disease, or injury. Discussion Comorbidities of CAD, CHF, CKD, and depression, and these medications: home lorazepam and ICU epinephrine/norepinephrine statistically are more common in patients developing delirium. Dementia, CKD, home SSRI/SRNI and stroke/cerebrovascular disease/injury, and spine injuries are independent predictors by BLR.
Reference values of parathyroid hormone in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Matejek Tomas , Zapletalova Bara , Stranik Jaroslav , Zaloudkova Lenka , Palicka Vladimir 
Published: March 2024

Purpose The primary goal was to estimate reference values of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in very low birth weight infants without severe neonatal morbidity. A secondary objective was to assess the relationship between PTH serum levels and selected laboratory markers of bone metabolism. Methods Ninety two infants with birth weight less than 1500 g met the inclusion criteria of the study. Serum levels of PTH, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D], C3-epi-25(OH)D, total calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase, and urinary levels of calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine were examined on day 14 and subsequently every 2 weeks until discharge. Results Of the total 167 serum samples examined for PTH levels in infants without 25(OH)D deficiency the estimated range was 0.9–11.9 pmol/l (8.5–112.3 pg/mL). During the first month, no statistically significant correlation was observed between PTH level and that of 25(OH)D, C3-epimers of 25(OH)D, S-Ca, S-P, or ALP, nor with urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus. From the second month of life, there was a moderately significant correlation between PTH and 25(OH)D (Rho = −0.40, P =< .001), between PTH and calcium/creatinine ratio (Rho = −0.56, P = < .001), and between PTH and phosphorus/creatinine ratio (Rho = 0.51, P = < .001). Conclusions The physiological range for PTH levels for preterm neonates without 25(OH)D deficiency was estimated as 0.9–11.9 pmol/l (8.5–112.3 pg/mL). It seems that elevation of serum PTH above this range can be considered as hyperparathyroidism in very low birth weight infants.
International Migrants from Rural Punjab—Attributes and Characteristics
Authors: Agnihotri Nivedita 
Published: March 2024

International migration is a worldwide phenomenon, and it has influenced every economy in the world. Migration plays a significant role in the development of both home and host countries. Remittances sent by non-resident Indians (NRIs) to the country of origin improve the standard of living of their family members and are also helpful in solving the balance of payment problems of the country. This research article deals with the socio-economic background of the emigrants’ households. The size of the family, housing conditions, age group, earning members in the family, number of migrated persons, etc., is the important variables of this analysis. To analyse the socio-economic characteristics of the migrants’ households and to examine the causes behind international migration are the main objectives of this study. It is observed that prime reason behind the international migration from Punjab to other countries is the lack of suitable work opportunities. This article is based on the sample of 375 households that have been selected from 15 villages of the two districts, namely Jalandhar and SBS Nagar. For the analysis of data, simple percentage method and binary logistic regression model have been used. The analysis and findings of the study revealed that a total of 579 NRIs have migrated from the 375 households, and all these households have their own homes. It is observed that the ratio of male migrants is much higher than the females. The study analysed that the proportion of dependent family members is almost same in both districts. It is also noticed that people of general category went to developed countries like the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, but the OBCs and SCs preferred to go to the United Kingdom, Europe and Gulf countries. The main reasons of this difference are that the visa process of developed countries is more complicated and also contains huge costs, while visa process and cost of Gulf and other countries are simple and low, so OBCs and SCs can easily afford it. JEL Codes: F2, F22, D14, O15, O1
Telic-Paratelic Dominance and Heart Rate Variability in Athletes Engaged in Power and Endurance Training
Authors: Chihaoui Mamlouk Afek , Ouergui Ibrahim , Ben Waer Fatma , Zarrouk Fayçal , Gmada Nabil , Younes Mohamed , Bouhlel Ezdine 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to evaluate the telic-paratelic tendency and heart rate variability in athlete participants from different sports activities. Methods: We assigned 117 healthy participants ( M age = 20, SD = 3 years) into three groups according to their training activity: power-trained (PT; n=43), endurance-trained (ET; n=36), and healthy untrained individuals (n=38). We assessed their telic-paratelic tendencies with the validated Telic Dominance Scale and their autonomic nervous system activity with heart rate variability (HRV) analyses. Results: Our findings revealed no significant differences in the telic-paratelic tendencies between ET and PT groups. However, significant differences were observed between athletes and untrained individuals ( p = 0.001). Indeed, compared to untrained participants, ET and PT athletes had a greater telic tendency (both p = 0.001), were more focused on planning orientation (ET: p = 0.003; PT: p=0.001), and less often avoided arousal or activation (For ET 31% and for PT 26% of participants). The paratelic tendency was more important in untrained individuals, with most of these participants lacking in seriousmindedness and planning. In addition, we found higher HRV in paratelic ET athletes (SDNN p = 0.050, LF p = 0.022, and LF/HF p = 0.031) compared to their telic peers. Conclusion: our results suggest that sport activity did not influence the telic-paratelic tendency. Nevertheless, this tendency differentiates trained from untrained participants. HRV was higher among paratelic ET athletes, potentially reflecting less stress and more training adaptability in these athletes.
A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Coercive Control and COVID-19 Stress Among Black Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Willie Tiara C. , Sharpless Laurel , Katague Marina , Kershaw Trace 
Published: March 2024

Objective: During times of crises, women are at elevated risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), but extant discourse fails to consider how this landscape amplifies disparities for Black women. This study examined the prevalence and associations of COVID-19 pandemic–specific coercive control and COVID-19–related stress among Black women experiencing IPV. Methods: Fifty-five Black women reporting past-year IPV participated in a prospective cohort study in 2020 and completed surveys on pandemic-specific coercive control, COVID-19–related stress, and sociodemographic characteristics. A subset of 15 participants completed semi-structured interviews in 2021. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine associations between coercive control and stress. We used interpretive phenomenological analysis to contextualize women’s experiences of coercive control and stress during the pandemic. Results: In the past 3 months, 76% (42 of 55) of women had a partner blame them for exposing them to COVID-19, 74% (41 of 55) had a partner minimize their pandemic concerns, and 52% (29 of 55) had a partner prevent them from getting a COVID-19 test. A higher average of pandemic-specific coercive control was associated with greater severity of COVID-19–related traumatic stress (b [SE] = 0.033 [0.009]; P = .001) and socioeconomic consequences related to COVID-19 (b [SE] = 0.019 [0.008]; P = .03). We identified 3 superordinate themes that illustrated Black women’s experiences: (1) coercive control, (2) pandemic-driven shifts in relational context, and (3) women’s structural and psychosocial stressors. Conclusions: Experiencing coercive control during the pandemic interfered with Black women’s engagement in preventive behaviors, which exacerbated distress. Intersectional public health efforts should address sociostructural and relational factors to prevent coercive control and stress among Black women experiencing IPV.
Implementing a Needs Assessment to Advance Health Equity in Overdose Prevention and Surveillance Initiatives
Authors: Winston Tiffany R. , Reed Minda , Roberts Marissa , Panjwani Aashna , Farfalla Jennifer , Pless Victoria , Miles Ayana , Rooks-Peck Cherie , Underwood Natasha L. 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: State, local, and federal agencies have expanded efforts to address the root causes of overdoses, including health inequity and related social determinants of health. As an Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) technical assistance provider, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) conducted the first national needs assessment to understand capacity and technical assistance needs of OD2A jurisdictions in advancing health equity. Methods: ASTHO designed and disseminated the OD2A Recipient Health Equity Needs Assessment (RHENA) to 66 OD2A-funded jurisdictions from February to March 2022. OD2A principal investigators and staff were contacted via email and asked to complete the needs assessment within 6 weeks. One coder manually coded open-ended responses, conducted a thematic analysis on the qualitative data, and performed a simple frequency analysis on the quantitative data. Results: Fifty-two jurisdictions (78.8%) responded, including 36 states, 12 cities/counties, and 2 territories. Most jurisdictions (n = 46; 88.5%) reported having a formal or informal health equity lead in place. Common barriers included a lack of access to data sources (n = 37; 71.2%), lack of partnerships (n = 20; 38.5%), and lack of funding (n = 14; 26.9%). Respondents reported needing more information sharing among jurisdictions and partner organizations, coaching on best practices, and routine discussions such as peer-to-peer learning sessions. Conclusion: Findings suggest that gaps remain in programmatic policies and principles to address inequities in overdose prevention. Results are being used to identify additional technical assistance opportunities, jurisdictional capacity, and approaches to advance health equity.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ibogaine in opioid use disorder patients
Authors: Knuijver Thomas , ter Heine Rob , Schellekens Arnt F. A. , Heydari Paniz , Lucas Luc , Westra Sjoerd , Belgers Maarten , van Oosteren Toon , Verkes Robbert Jan , Kramers Cornelis 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Ibogaine is a hallucinogenic drug that may be used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). The relationships between pharmacokinetics (PKs) of ibogaine and its metabolites and their clinical effects on side effects and opioid withdrawal severity are unknown. We aimed to study these relationships in patients with OUD undergoing detoxification supported by ibogaine. Methods: The study was performed in 14 subjects with OUD. They received a single dose of 10mg/kg ibogaine hydrochloride. Plasma PKs of ibogaine, noribogaine, and noribogaine glucuronide were obtained during 24 h. Cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotyping was performed. The PKs were analyzed by means of nonlinear mixed effects modeling and related with corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation, cerebellar ataxia, and opioid withdrawal severity. Results: The PK of ibogaine were highly variable and significantly correlated to CYP2D6 genotype ( p < 0.001). The basic clearance of ibogaine (at a CYP2D6 activity score (AS) of 0) was 0.82 L/h. This increased with 30.7 L/h for every point of AS. The relation between ibogaine plasma concentrations and QTc was best described by a sigmoid Emax model. Spearman correlations were significant ( p < 0.03) for ibogaine but not noribogaine with QTc ( p = 0.109) and cerebellar effects ( p = 0.668); neither correlated with the severity of opioid withdrawal symptoms. Conclusions: The clearance of ibogaine is strongly related to CYPD2D6 genotype. Ibogaine cardiac side effects (QTc time) and cerebellar effects are most likely more driven by ibogaine rather than noribogaine. Future studies should aim at exploring lower doses and/or applying individualized dosing based on CYP2D6 genotype.
The correlation between obesity and prostate volume in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Negi Saurabh Kumar , Desai Sandip , Faujdar Gaurav , Jaiswal Sanjeev , Sahu Ram Dayal , Vyas Nachiket , Priyadarshi Shivam 
Published: March 2024

Objective/background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is increasing substantial burden on health care systems. Men with high body mass index (BMI) have bigger prostate volumes (PV) with subsequent increase in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) than men with normal BMI. The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between Obesity and PV in patients with BPH. Method: The study included 560 patients (50–80 years) with BPH. Weight and height measured to calculate BMI. TRUS was used to measure PV. Patient demographics such as IPSS score and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were also noted. Results: Patients in the study had a mean age of 65.3 ± 9.45 years and the mean BMI was 23.97 ± 4.89 kg/m2. The mean PV of each BMI group were 37.45 ± 0.81, 57.89 ± 1.52 and 77.94 ± 2.17 (ml) for normal, overweight and obese groups, respectively, and the average PV score was 57.76 ± 1.50 ml. The mean PSA score was 3.26 ± 0.94 (ng/dl) with a range of 0.6–10.4. There was significant correlation between BMI and PV ( p = 0.001) as well as between BMI with PSA and IPSS ( p = 0.02, 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The results showing strong correlation between BMI and PV also BMI with PSA and IPSS. Therefore reducing weight may lead to a lower prostate volume in the elderly stage, making LUTS less noticeable and improving quality of life.
Investigation on machining of GFRP through ANOVA, DFA, and CoCoSo method combined with Taguchi approach
Authors: Haoues Sabrina , Yallese Mohamed Athmane , Kaddeche Mounia , Uysal Alper , Safi Khaoula 
Published: March 2024

Polymer-based composites (GFRP) are increasingly used in the mechanical industry due to their cost-profitability, durability, and good mechanical properties. In the present study, a metal carbide tool was employed to manufacture polyamide (PA66-GF30%) specimen in a dry environment. The impact of variations in cutting process parameters on the responses studied is investigated using two experimental techniques. The first is the OFAT approach. For the second technique (multifactorial), the effects of input parameters on technological parameters (Ra, Fz, MRR, and Pc) are quantified aided by the ANOVA method using an experimental design based on Taguchi’s L9 (3 × 3) orthogonal matrix. Based on the RSM methodology, the results were processed statistically to propose prediction models for the different outputs. In addition, a single-objective optimization study of Taguchi’s and a multi-objective optimization of the operating conditions using the classification method based on CoCoSo as well as the DF Approach according to two desired objectives were carried out. The first objective of this study concerns the minimization of (Ra, Fz, and Pc), and the second one considers the minimization of (Ra, Fz, and Pc) at the same time as maximizing (MRR). Finally, the surface roughness criteria (Ra and Sa) of PA66-GF30% were evaluated to study the effect of the feed (f) on the machined surface topography. The findings are of capital importance in that they provide the required and correct information about the working conditions of composite polymers. According to “OFAT” results, feed (f) is the predominant factor influencing roughness (Ra). Temperature in the cutting zone rises with increasing cutting conditions (Vc, f and ap). Variations in cutting conditions affect the morphology of the chip produced. The roughness criteria (Ra and Sa) results clearly show that the topography of the PA66-GF30% surface changes as (f) changes. Also, optimization of all performance parameters simultaneously indicates that the DFA offers the best combination of parameters: Vc = 187.50 m × min−1, f = 0.096 mm × rev−1, and ap = 0.866 mm, leading to the minimization of (Ra) and maximization of (MRR), with respective values of 1.24 µm and 15.614 cm3 × min−1. Furthermore, the CoCoSo method favors the minimization of (Fz and Pc) with values of 20.18 N and 69.285 W, respectively.
Clinical correlates of respiratory disorders in patients with severe multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional cohort
Authors: Maillart Elisabeth , Redolfi Stefania , Louapre Céline , Houot Marion , Chaugne Emeline , Laveneziana Pierantonio , Ungureanu Aurelian , Stankoff Bruno , Arnulf Isabelle , Papeix Caroline , Bodini Benedetta , Similowski Thomas , Lubetzki Catherine , Morélot-Panzini Capucine 
Published: March 2024

Background: Respiratory disorders remain incompletely described in multiple sclerosis (MS), even though they are a frequent cause of death. Methods: The objective was to describe respiratory disorders in MS patients with Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) ⩾ 6.5. Diaphragm dysfunction was defined by at least two of the seven criteria: clinical signs, inspiratory recruitment of neck muscles during wakefulness, reduced upright vital capacity (VC) < 80%, upright-to-supine VC ⩾ 15% of upright VC, decrease in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure < 60%, phasic activation of inspiratory neck muscles during sleep, and opposition of thoracic and abdominal movements during sleep. Cough weakness was defined by a peak cough flow < 270 L/min and/or need for cough assist. Sleep apnea syndrome was defined by an apnea–hypopnea index ⩾ 15. Results: Notably, 71 MS patients were included: median age 54 [48, 61] years; median disease duration 21.4 [16.0, 31.4] years. Of these, 52 patients had one or more respiratory disorders; diaphragm dysfunction was the most frequent ( n = 34). Patients with diaphragm dysfunction and cough weakness were more disabled. The fatigue score and the cognitive evaluations did not differ between the groups. Five patients required non-invasive ventilation. Conclusion: Respiratory disorders are frequent in severe MS, mostly diaphragm dysfunction. Of interest, instrumental interventions are available to address these disorders.
“I can’t escape my scars, even if I do get better”: A qualitative exploration of how adolescents talk about their self-harm and self-harm scars during cognitive behavioural therapy for depression
Authors: Kristen Anna , Lecchi Tanya , Loades Maria E , Midgley Nick 
Published: March 2024

Emerging evidence indicates that perceptions of self-harm behaviours and self-harm scars may thwart recovery from depression, yet limited research has explored adolescent accounts of their self-harm and scars during therapy. This study sought to explore how adolescents describe their self-harm behaviours and scars during Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and explore the sociocultural discourses that may influence these descriptions. The participants were six female adolescents (aged 14-17 years old) with clinical depression, who were engaging in self-harm. All participants accessed CBT as part of clinical trial evaluating three psychological treatments for major depressive disorder in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Audio-taped CBT sessions were analyzed using discourse analysis. Within CBT sessions, adolescents drew upon stigma discourses in talking about their self-harm. Adolescent also described their self-harm scars as shameful and stigmatizing, and as “proof” of the legitimacy of their depression. It is important for CBT practitioners to understand the context of sociocultural discourses around self-harm behaviours and self-harm scars, which are reflected in how adolescents with depression describe these within therapy and may serve to maintain distress. The study indicates that awareness of use of language and intersecting sociocultural discourses can inform CBT practice.
Experimental study on the flexural behavior of partially encased composite beams with corrugated steel webs
Authors: Chu Liusheng , Guo Xinwei , Li Jie , Xie Xiaomeng , Li Danda , Ma Xing 
Published: March 2024

Combining the advantages of partially encased composite structure (PEC) and corrugated steel web, a new type of composite PEC beam with corrugated web was proposed in this paper, namely corrugated webbed PEC (CWPEC) beam. In order to investigate the structural performance of the proposed CWPEC beams, four specimens were designed and fabricated. Four-point bending tests were carried out to study their flexural performance and failure modes. The failure process, load-displacement curve and strain distribution of the tested specimens were analyzed. Experimental results showed the high load carrying capacity and superior ductility of the proposed concept. Parametric study indicated that the concrete strength was increased from C30 to C50, the ultimate load slightly increased by 3.38%. The flange strength decreased from Q355 B to Q235, the ultimate load reduced by 9.17%. The flange width decreased from 250 mm to 200 mm, the ultimate load decreased by 22.21%. As comparison, the increase of steel flange width is more efficient to improve section moment capacity. Further analysis verified that the flexural strength of CWPEC beam was mostly provided by flanges with little contribution from the corrugated web. Finally, based on the quasi-plane assumption, prediction formulas for cracking moment and ultimate moment of CWPEC beams were proposed.