bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to energy storage performance in potassium sodium niobate–based ceramics
Authors: Xing Jie , Li Xu , Xu Duo , Chen Qifan , Gao Tingting , Tan Zhi , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBoth the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the high energy storage properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 were investigated herein by employing Bi(Mg2/3Ta1/3)O3 as a second component to synthesize novel environment‐friendly energy storage ceramics. The role of the second component was confirmed to reduce the intrinsic activation of electrons, which effectively improves the band gap values and reduces the probability of intrinsic breakdown. Phase field simulation was employed to confirm that the smaller grain size of the modified ceramic microstructure enhances the extrinsic breakdown and dielectric breakdown strength. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics were used to investigate the critical role of the Mg ions in lowering the initial polarization and forming nanodomains, representing the intrinsic contribution to decreasing the initial polarization. An intrinsic structure with moderate polarization rapidly increases the polarization of ceramics under external electric fields, facilitating high energy storage density. The prepared ceramics achieve a recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 3.86 J/cm3 and energy efficiency (η) of 81.2% at 385 kV/cm.
Organization of production and income inequality
Authors: Medrano‐Adán Luis , Salas‐Fumás Vicente , Sanchez‐Asin Javier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature that postulates a relationship between income inequality and the relative importance of “market” and “organization” in the direction of resources. The paper emphasizes that both are endogenous; therefore, the empirical associations observed in the empirical data between inequality measures and production organization variables cannot be interpreted as indicative of causal relationships. The paper solves for the composition and size of occupational groups, the distribution of firm size, and the distribution of income as market equilibrium outcomes of an occupational choice economy, and performs a comparative static analysis. We find that the interaction between cross‐economy differences in the distribution of general skills in the labor force and the loss of control in the supervision of workers by managers can explain the empirical regularities observed in the relationship between the organization of production (distribution of firm size) and income inequality (distribution of labor income). This explanation of the empirical regularities differs from others proposed in the literature, such as those based on institutional constraints or the market power of firms.
Microstructural and micromechanical characteristics of composite osteoconductive coatings deposited by the atmospheric pressure plasma technique
Authors: Major Lukasz , Kopp D. F. , Major R. , Lackner Jürgen Markus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLong‐term placement of facial implants requires avoiding the formation of fibrous tissue capsules around the artificial material by creating osteoconductive properties of the surface. Most promising approach is the deposition coatings made of materials very similar to bone mineral components, that is, calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HAp). As part of the research work, an innovative, cost‐effective atmospheric pressure plasma deposition (APPD) system was used as a low‐temperature coating technology for generating the HAp coatings deposition. Full microstructural characterisation of the coatings using SEM and TEM techniques was carried out in the work. It has been shown that the fully crystalline HAp powder undergoes a transformation during the coatings deposition and the material had a quasi‐sintered structure after deposition. The crystalline phase content increased at the coating/substrate interface, while the surface of the HAp was amorphous. This is a very beneficial phenomenon due to the process of bioresorption. The amorphous phase undergoes much faster biodegradation than the crystalline one. In order to increase the bioactivity of the HAp, Zn particles were introduced on the surface of the coating. The TEM microstructural analysis in conjunction with the qualitative analysis of the EDS chemical composition showed that the binding of the Zn particles within the HAp matrix had diffusive character, which is very favourable from the point of view of the quality of the adhesion and the bioactivity of the coating. In the case of such a complex structure and due to its very porous nature, micromechanical analysis was carried out in situ in SEM, that is, by microhardness measurements of both the HAp matrix and the Zn particle. It was shown that the average value of HAp microhardness was 4.395 GPa ± 0.08, while the average value of Zn microhardness was 1.142 GPa ± 0.02
Reaching consensus on the definition of person‐centred handover practices in emergency departments: A modified online Delphi
Authors: de Lange Santel , Heyns Tanya , Filmalter Celia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo reach consensus on the definition and attributes of ‘person‐centred handover practices’ in emergency departments.BackgroundHandover practices between emergency care practitioners and healthcare professionals in emergency departments are important and should be conducted meticulously. Person‐centred handover practices may enhance the delivery of person‐centred care in emergency departments.DesignA three‐round online Delphi survey.MethodsNine experts participated in a three round Delphi survey. The expert panel comprised experts from nine countries. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed, and qualitative data were thematically analysed. A consensus of 80% had to be reached before an attribute and definition could be accepted.ResultsExperts reached a consensus of 79% in round one, 95% in round two and 95% in round three. A final set of six attributes were agreed upon and the final concept definition was formulated.ConclusionPerson‐centred handover practices have not been implemented in emergency departments. Yet, person‐centred handover practices may enhance the delivery of person‐centred care, which has multiple benefits for patients and healthcare practitioners.Implications for the profession and/or patient carePerson‐centred care is not generally implemented in emergency departments. Person‐centred handover practices can lead to person‐centred care. Handover practices in emergency departments are a high‐risk activity. Despite numerous calls to standardise and improve handover practices, they remain a problem. Developing a standardised definition could be a first step towards implementing person‐centred handover practices in emergency departments.Reporting methodThe study adhered to the relevant EQUATOR reporting guidelines: Guidance on Conducting and Reporting Delphi Studies (CREDES) checklist.Impact (Addressing)

Improve handover practices and patient care.

Improve person‐centred care in emergency departments.

Patient or public contributionEmergency care practitioners and nurses experienced in handover practices and/or person‐centred care, working in clinical and academic fields, participated in the study by sharing their expert knowledge during each of the Delphi rounds.
An mHealth application for chronic vascular access: A multi‐method evaluation
Authors: Ullman Amanda J. , Larsen Emily , Gibson Victoria , Binnewies Sebastian , Ohira Ryoma , Marsh Nicole , Mcbride Craig , Winterbourn Karen , Boyte Francesca , Cunninghame Jacqueline , Dufficy Mitchell , Plummer Karin , Roberts Natasha , Takashima Mari , Cooke Marie , Byrnes Joshua , Rickard Claire M. , Kleidon Tricia M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare consumers require diverse resources to assist their navigation of complex healthcare interactions, however, these resources need to be fit for purpose.AimIn this study, we evaluated the utility, usability and feasibility of children, families and adults requiring long‐term intravenous therapy using a recently developed mobile health application (App), intravenous (IV) Passport.DesignMulti‐site, parallel, multi‐method, prospective cohort study.MethodsA multi‐site, multi‐method study was carried out in 2020–2021, with 46 participants (20 adults, 26 children/family) reporting on their experiences surrounding the use of the IV Passport for up to 6 months.ResultsOverall, utility rates were acceptable, with 78.3% (N = 36) using the IV Passport over the follow‐up period, with high rates of planned future use for those still active in the project (N = 21; 73%), especially in the child/family cohort (N = 13; 100%). Acceptability rates were high (9/10; IQR 6.5–10), with the IV Passport primarily used for documenting new devices and complications. Thematic analysis revealed three main themes (and multiple subthemes) in the qualitative data: Advocacy for healthcare needs, Complexity of healthcare and App design and functionality.ConclusionSeveral recommendations were made to improve the end‐user experience including ‘how to’ instructions; and scheduling functionality for routine care.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe IV Passport can be safely and appropriately integrated into healthcare, to support consumers.ImpactPatient‐/parent‐reported feedback suggests the Intravenous Passport is a useful tool for record‐keeping, and positive communication between patients/parents, and clinicians.Reporting MethodNot applicable.Patient ContributionConsumers reported their experiences surrounding the use of the IV Passport for up to 6 months.
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Underconformity to Female Board Representation Norms
Authors: Askarzadeh Fatemeh , Lewellyn Krista , Fainshmidt Stav , Judge William Q. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDespite mounting societal demands for increased female representation on corporate boards, some firms underconform to institutional expectations, exhibiting significantly lower female board representation than their country peers. We argue that a firm's entrepreneurial orientation is positively viewed by stakeholders, providing its corporate leaders with greater latitude to deviate from governance norms. Drawing from social role theory regarding beliefs about the association between entrepreneurial success and typical male traits, we propose that this substitutive legitimacy drives corporate leaders of firms with an entrepreneurial orientation to underconform due to a desire to maintain their firm's orientation. However, the history of female leadership in the firm and disclosure about environmental and social activities moderate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on underconformity to female board representation norms. A generalized estimating equations analysis of 8410 firm‐year observations in 16 countries from 2012 to 2018 supports our predictions. Our study offers a novel explanation of heterogeneity in female board representation, informs theory of organizational non‐conformity to institutional norms, and highlights potentially unintended consequences of entrepreneurial orientation.
Individual differences in spite predict costly third‐party punishment
Authors: Martínez José L. , Maner Jon K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveSpiteful behaviors are those aimed at inflicting harm on another person while also incurring a cost to the self. Although spite sometimes reflects destructive and socially undesirable behaviors including aggression, the current work sought to examine a potentially socially beneficial aspect of spite: engagement in costly punishment for selfish behavior.MethodFour studies used a costly third‐party punishment task and measured individual differences in spite, narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and motivations for engaging in punishment.ResultsTrait spite was positively associated with costly punishment of selfish behavior. That association was independent of other dark personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and was statistically mediated by a desire for retribution. One of the studies also provided evidence that trait spite was associated with costly punishment of even generous behavior; however, rather than a desire for retribution, that association was mediated by a desire to threaten the person being punished.ConclusionPunishing selfishness and other forms of wrongdoing plays an essential role in cooperative group living. The current work provides new insight into the role spiteful motivations might play in this crucial social behavior.
Comparative genomics reveals convergent adaptations in lipid metabolism and low genetic diversity in carnivorous bats
Authors: Yue Yang , Zou Dahu , Tian Shilin , Jiao Hengwu , Zhao Huabin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDietary specialization stands as a major factor in the study of adaptive evolution and the field of conservation biology among animals. Although bats show unparalleled dietary diversification among mammals, specialized carnivory remains relatively rare within this group. Consequently, our comprehension of the genetic and conservation aspects associated with this specific dietary niche in bats has largely remained uncharted. To investigate molecular adaptations and conservation genetics in carnivorous bats, we produced a new draft genome assembly for the carnivorous bat Vampyrum spectrum. Furthermore, we utilized this genome alongside another distantly related carnivorous bat Megaderma lyra, to conduct genome‐wide comparative analyses with other bat species. Our findings unveil that genes linked to lipid metabolism exhibit signatures of positive selection and convergent molecular adaptation in the two divergent lineages of carnivorous bats. Intriguingly, we have uncovered that the evolution of dietary specialization in carnivorous bats is accompanied by molecular adaptations acting on genes in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors pathways, which are crucial in regulating plasma lipid metabolism and sustaining lipid homeostasis. Additionally, our genomic analyses also reveal low genetic diversity in both carnivorous bat species. This pattern is attributed to their continuously declining population sizes and low levels of heterozygosity, signaling their vulnerability and emphasizing the pressing need for conservation efforts. These genomic discoveries advance our understanding of genetic underpinnings of carnivory in bats and underscore substantial conservation concerns associated with carnivorous bat species.
Incidence and prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with post‐tuberculosis lung abnormality: Results from a community survey in North India
Authors: Soundappan Kathirvel , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Prabhakar Nidhi , Rana Samriti , Raju Rajesh , Dhooria Sahajal , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Muthu Valliappan , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Garg Mandeep , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐tuberculosis lung abnormality (PTLA) is the most common risk factor for developing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). However, the prevalence and incidence of CPA in PTLA patients in India remain unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to ascertain the incidence and prevalence of CPA in subjects with PTLA.MethodsWe identified a cohort of pulmonary tuberculosis who completed anti‐tuberculosis therapy (ATT) before November 2019 from the records of the 12 tuberculosis treatment centers attached to the national program. We recorded the clinical and demographic details. We performed computed tomography (CT) of the chest and estimated serum A. fumigatus‐specific IgG. We categorised subjects as PTLA with or without CPA using a composite of clinical, radiological, and microbiological features. We resurveyed the subjects at 6 months (or earlier) for the presence of new symptoms. We calculated the prevalence and the incidence rate (per 100‐person years) of CPA.ResultsWe included 117 subjects with PTLA, with a median of 3 years after ATT completion. Eleven subjects had CPA in the initial survey, and one additional case developed CPA during the second survey. The prevalence of CPA in PTLA subjects was 10.3% (12/117). The total observation period was 286.7 person‐years. The median (interquartile range) time to develop CPA after ATT completion was 12.5 (5–36.7) months. We found the CPA incidence rate (95% confidence interval) of 4.2 (1.8–6.5) per 100‐person years.ConclusionChronic pulmonary aspergillosis complicates 10% of PTLA subjects after successful outcomes with ATT. Four new CPA cases may develop per 100‐persons years of observation after ATT completion. We suggest screening patients with PTLA who develop new symptoms for CPA.
Rural–Urban Migration and Fertility Ideation in Senegal: Comparing Returned, Current, and Future Migrants to Dakar to Rural Nonmigrants
Authors: Boujija Yacine , Bignami Simona , Sandberg John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, significant differences in fertility beliefs between rural and urban areas arise from the differential timing and pace of fertility declines. Demographers have long hypothesized about the diffusion of these beliefs and behaviors from urban to rural areas, potentially via temporary rural–urban labor migration. In this paper, we investigate the association between temporary internal migration from rural Senegal to the capital city, Dakar, and differences in the fertility and contraceptive beliefs and preferences of migrants and nonmigrants. We test socialization, selection, and adaptation hypotheses by comparing the fertility ideation of current and returning migrants with that of nonmigrants and future migrants from their place of origin. Our results support selection effects, explaining half of the differences between nonmigrants and migrants. Once selection effects are removed, significant differences remain between nonmigrants and current or returning migrants. These differences are largely explained by two complementary measures of adaptation: years lived in Dakar and the number of ties to residents of that city. The results indicate that adaptation is as important, if not more so than selection in explaining differences between migrants and nonmigrants. This holds true even for returned migrants five years after their last migration spell. Of the two potential adaptation mechanisms explored, the time spent in Dakar generally explained adaptation better than ties to nonmigrants in Dakar. However, our complementary analyses do not rule out the importance of urban networks on fertility, as they contribute to migrant selection.
Development and application of a codominant marker of the melon rind colour gene CmAPRR2
Authors: Ma Jian , Yuan Guoliang , Zhang Haijun , Qiu Yanhong , Zong Mei , Zhu Xiuxiu , Zhang Huijun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRind colour is an important quality attribute of melon appearance. Identifying target genes and developing functional molecular markers is significant for rind colour breeding in melon. This study involved a genetic analysis of the fruit rind colours of two inbred lines: H185 (with black green melon rind) and H160 (with white rind) alongside a fruit rind colour gene, CmAPRR2. The purpose was to discover the variation sites of the CmAPRR2 gene and develop specific molecular marker for rind colour in melon. The results showed that the black green rind is dominant over white, and single gene controls the colours. A mutation of the G856T base occurred in the eighth exon of the CmAPRR2 coding DNA region in H160, suggesting that this mutation is the key factor for the white rind colour. Thus, a codominant molecular marker, FC, for gene CmAPRR2 was developed and used for molecular identification of 189 F2 individuals. The marker revealed a complete correspondence between genotype and phenotype. Additionally, the marker revealed that the other four white rinds had G856T mutations. This study provides a basis for targeted improvement of melon rind colours, offering a technical means for molecular marker‐assisted breeding of melon rind colours.
Transient infantile lingual leukoplakia: An underrecognized cause of white tongues in infancy
Authors: Lam Joseph M. , Schwieger‐Briel Agnes , Nguyen Tram , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe have observed a distinct phenomenon of transient oral lingual leukoplakia in infancy and report 22 healthy infants with gray–white plaques on the dorsal tongue with sparing of the tip from four medical centers in three countries. The onset of the eruption ranged from 1 week to 7 months of life and resolved in 19 patients (86%, with 3 patients lost to follow‐up). None of the eight patients examined at 1 year of age had residual findings. We believe this is a common entity that can be distinguished from oral candidiasis on clinical and/or laboratory examination and name this entity “transient infantile lingual leukoplakia.”
PL‐Pose: robust camera localisation based on combined point and line features using control images
Authors: Xu Zhihua , Niu Yiru , Cui Yan , Qin Rongjun , Sun Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCamera localisation is an essential task in the field of computer vision. The objective is to determine the precise position and orientation of one newly introduced camera station based on a collection of control images that are geographically referenced. Traditional feature‐based approaches have been found to face difficulties when confronted with the task of localising images that exhibit significant disparities in viewpoint. Modern deep learning approaches, on the contrary, aim to directly regress camera poses from input image content, being holistic to remedy the problem of viewpoint disparities. This paper posits that although deep networks possess the ability to learn robust and invariant visual features, the incorporation of geometry models can provide rigorous constraints in the process of pose estimation. Following the classic structure‐from‐motion (SfM) pipeline, we propose a PL‐Pose framework to perform camera localisation. First, to improve feature correlations for images with large viewpoint disparities, we perform the combination of point and line features based on a deep learning framework and geometric relation of wireframes. Then, a cost function is constructed using the combined point and line features in order to impose constraints on the bundle adjustment process. Finally, the camera pose parameters and 3D points are estimated through an iterative optimisation process. We verify the accuracy of the PL‐Pose approach through the utilisation of two datasets, that is, the publicly available S3DIS dataset and the self‐collected dataset CUMTB_Campus. The experimental results demonstrate that in both indoor and outdoor scenes, our PL‐Pose method can achieve localisation errors of less than 1 m for 82% of the test points. In contrast, the other four comparison methods yield a best result of merely 72%. Meanwhile, the PL‐Pose method can successfully obtain the camera pose parameters in all the scenes with small or large viewpoint disparities, indicating its good stability and adaptability.