bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, dielectric and magnetic properties of hydrothermally synthesized Sn1−x
Fe
x
O2 nanoparticles
Authors: Saleh S. A. , Abdel Latif Ihab A. , Ibrahim A. A. , Al-Hajry A. , Ibrahim E. M. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sn1−x
Fe
x
O2 (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 %) of the diamagnetic/ferromagnetic phase were synthesized by the conventional hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction spectra confirm that all the samples have a tetragonal structure. Electronic distribution over the unit cell of Sn1−x
Fe
x
O2 showed the dependence of electronic density on the x. The crystallite size of the obtained samples was in the range of 42–72 nm. Impedance spectroscopy was employed to investigate the variation of the electrical impedance and some related parameters as frequency functions in the range of 75 k Hz–10 MHz at room temperature. The dielectric behavior was explained using the Maxwell–Wagner model of interfacial polarization. The ac conductivity results were used to evaluate the maximum barrier height, the minimum hopping distance, and the density of the localized states at the Fermi level. The effect of adding the iron ion into the tin dioxide compound was apparent, as the electrical and magnetic properties as well as the morphology were affected, although the crystal structure phase still has the same tetragonal crystal system for the different iron concentration (Fe from x = 0 up to x = 0.04) with slight variation in the lattice constants. The magnetic measurements illustrated that the Fe-doped SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic ordering at room temperature. Variation of the Fe content affects the ferromagnetic characteristics of the samples.
Detecting surface defects of heritage buildings based on deep learning
Authors: Fu Xiaoli , Angkawisittpan Niwat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study examined the usage of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for the classification, segmentation, and detection of the images of surface defects in heritage buildings. A survey was conducted on the building surface defects in Gulang Island (a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site), which were subsequently classified into six categories according to relevant standards. A Swin Transformer- and YOLOv5-based model was built for the automated detection of surface defects. Experimental results suggested that the proposed model was 99.2% accurate at classifying plant penetration and achieved a mean intersection-over-union (mIoU) of over 92% in relation to moss, cracking, alkalization, staining, and deterioration, outperforming CNN-based semantic segmentation networks such as FCN, PSPNet, and DeepLabv3plus. The Swin Transformer-based approach for the segmentation of building surface defect images achieved the highest accuracy regardless of the evaluation metric (with an mIoU of 90.96% and an mAcc of 95.78%), when contrasted to mainstream DCNNs such as SegFormer, PSPNet, and DANet.
High speed broadband light spatial laser system with hybrid linear/parabolic/measured indexed multimode optical fibers performance signature
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Sundar Suvitha , Mary Merlin Livingston Louis , Arumugam Arunya Revathi , Devi Perumal Kalpana , Subha Thankamony Devakhi , Anwer Karem Tarek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This work clarified various multimode fiber configurations with spatial continuous wave lasers based different coding configurations for high speed fiber systems. The optimum lighted power form after linear index multimode fibers versus spectral wavelength is clarified. The optimum lighted form power after parabolic index multimode fibers versus spectral wavelength is demonstrated. The max lighted form power after measured index multimode fibers versus spectral wavelength is illustrated. Optimum lighted form signal power variations after linear index multimode fibers versus time are demonstrated. The max optimum form signal band form power after parabolic index multimode fibers versus time is indicated. The max optimum lighted signal power after measured index multimode fibers versus time is clarified. Total lighted signal power form after linear index multimode fibers is demonstrated. The total lighted signal power form after parabolic index multimode fibers is clarified. Total lighted power signal form after measured index multimode fibers is clarified. Max optimum signal electrical power form amplitude after PIN photodetector based various index multimode fibers is simulated and studied. Total lighted base form power against MMF length for different proposed optical multimode fibers is studied. Signal base band per noise form ratio against MMF length for different base proposed band optical multimode fibers is demonstrated. Total signal form electrical band power against MMF length for different proposed optical multimode fibers is observed. Max Q base band factor form against MMF length for different base band proposed lighted multimode fibers is clarified.
An infant developing hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia due to the use of exclusively almond milk
Authors: Salama Mostafa , Tebben Peter J. , Al Nofal Alaa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Plant-based milk alternatives are increasingly utilized in children with cow milk allergy, lactose intolerance, and personal preference. However, notable differences exist in mineral content between cow milk and plant-based alternatives. Almond milk, in particular, varies in mineral and caloric content across different brands. This case report highlights a toddler who developed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia attributed to almond milk consumption.

Case presentation
A fourteen-month-old girl with a history of biliary atresia underwent liver transplant at seven months of age. She was exclusively consuming almond milk for two months prior to presentation. She was admitted to the hospital for severe hypercalcemia (14.6 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (1.6 mg/dL). She had elevated random urine calcium to creatinine ratio (2.56 mg/g) and low urine phosphorus to creatinine ratio (<0.44 mg/g) were noted. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was appropriately suppressed (<6 pg/mL), while 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D level was slightly elevated at 88 pg/mL. Initial management included intravenous fluids, followed by a switch to a formula with higher phosphorus and lower calcium concentrations. The patient was discharged after six days with normalized calcium and phosphorus levels, which remained within the normal range.

Conclusions
Although plant-derived milk serves as a viable alternative to cow milk, careful consideration of mineral content, particularly in infants and toddlers, is imperative. Sole reliance on almond milk for nutritional needs in this population is not recommended. Caregivers should be informed about the potential risks associated with almond milk consumption in infants and toddlers.
Clinical usefulness of the “GeneSoC® SARS-CoV-2 N2 Detection Kit”
Authors: Sato Yuki , Kondo Takashi , Katayama Yuki , Narumi Natsuki , Togashi Atsuo , Fujiya Yoshihiro , Kuronuma Koji , Takahashi Satoshi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The GeneSoC® that launched recently enables the quantitative detection of target genes (in approximately 15 min) using microfluidic thermal cycling technology. Here, we compared the diagnostic performance of the “GeneSoC® SARS-CoV-2 N2 Detection Kit” (Kyorin assay) and conventional severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection assays to verify the clinical usefulness of the Kyorin assay.

Methods
Two hundred samples (100 nasopharyngeal and 100 saliva specimens) were collected from patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and August 2021. Conventional SARS-CoV-2 detection assays were performed using the Japanese National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) assay, Ampdirect™ 2019-nCoV Detection Kit (SHIMADZU assay), and Lumipulse Presto SARS-CoV-2 Ag (FUJIREBIO assay), according to each manufacturer’s instructions.

Results
Using the NIID and SHIMADZU assays as references, the positive and negative concordance rates and the kappa coefficient in the Kyorin assay were 96.9–97.9 %, 99.0–100.0 %, and 0.96–0.98, respectively. The positivity rate of the FUJIREBIO assay was slightly lower than that of the reference assay (p<0.05).

Conclusions
The Kyorin assay showed a favorable concordance rate with conventional SARS-CoV-2 detection assays, making it a useful, rapid, and high-performance assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Cellular senescence and nanoparticle-based therapies: Current developments and perspectives
Authors: Henschke Agata , Mielcarek Angelika , Grześkowiak Bartosz , Perrigue Patrick M. , Jaskot Kaja , Coy Emerson , Moya Sergio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The timing and location of senescent cells in vivo is a leading candidate explanation for human aging. A rapidly developing scientific field with the potential to slow the aging process is the creation of pharmacologically active medicines that target senescent cells. Senotherapeutics have been developed to selectively or preferentially target and eliminate senescent cells. Senolytic compounds that delay aging in animal models are being explored in humans with great hope. Nanoparticle (NP) drug delivery strategies for targeting senescent cells are in their infancy, but advancements have been made, and preliminary anti-aging applications are promising. However, using nanomedicine effectively requires an understanding of how NPs behave in senescent cells. Senescence theranostics could offer a variety of information, including a prognostic predictor in cancer patients after treatment. The NPs have a much better outlook for translating it to the clinic for aging. Reversing aging pathologies may only require a percentage reduction in senescent cells to achieve therapeutic success, in contrast to cancer, where it is essential to eradicate the tumor. This review provides an overview of the factors that lead to senescence and different therapeutic approaches, focusing on the use of nanocarriers/particles in senotherapy.
A study on the effect of microspheres on the freeze–thaw resistance of EPS concrete
Authors: He Haijie , Gao Lidan , Xu Ke , Yuan Ji , Ge Wei , Lin Caiyuan , He Chuang , Wang Xiaogang , Liu Junding , Yang Jie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the influence of microbead dosages (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) on the frost resistance of expanded polystyrene (EPS) concrete. Five groups of EPS concrete specimens were prepared and subjected to rapid freeze–thaw tests. The freeze–thaw deterioration of EPS concrete was assessed using macroscopic indicators, including mass loss, strength loss, and dynamic elastic modulus loss. The underlying deterioration mechanism was revealed through the analysis of the EPS particle–matrix interface. A concrete damage plasticity model of EPS concrete based on damage mechanics theory was established. The results indicate that the addition of microbeads increased the strength of EPS concrete by 38–53%, reduced the strength attenuation after freeze–thaw damage by 8.1%, and improved the frost resistance level by 10–60 grades. The optimal dosage of microbeads is 15% of the cementitious material. The interfacial transition zone gaps in EPS concrete with added microbeads after freeze–thaw cycles are smaller, contributing to a more complete hydration reaction. The freeze–thaw damage model established in this study accurately reflects the freeze–thaw damage law of EPS concrete and provides a reference for studying the mechanical properties of EPS concrete under freeze–thaw cycles. The research findings of this study can enhance the strength and service life of EPS concrete, expanding its application scope as a structural material. The study provides valuable insights for future research and engineering applications related to the frost resistance of EPS concrete.
Prologue
Authors: Beswick John M. 
Published: February 2024

Opinions about rolling bearing steel metallurgical relationships and bearing steel specification limits are well established and have become entrenched with time. Updating and revising the specifications and ideas pertaining to bearing steel technologies is a gigantic task.
“A writer needs a strong passion to change things, not just to reflect or report them as they are.”1 The author's passion is to understand bearing steel physical metallurgy without being overly complicated. It is easy to make steel technologies complicated, but the real challenge is to make things understandable without sacrificing accuracy. Despite these lofty intentions, the author acknowledges that he is vulnerable to making mistakes because nobody can know everything.
The relationships of rolling bearing steel properties with microstructures need to be technology related and not, as all too often happens, commercially biased. Outrageous claims of property improvements because of minor composition and heat-treatment adjustments need to be confined to past practice. Hopefully, this book contributes to the understanding of rolling bearing steel metallurgy as a springboard to a new era of fact-based opinions.
ASTM International is known for supporting steel specification and standard test method development. The ASTM bearing steel symposia have created a legacy of knowledge for current and future bearing steel technologists. The primary reference sources for this book are the numerous ASTM selected technical publications on bearing steel technologies.
Novel social stimulation ameliorates memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease model through activating α-secretase
Authors: Ren Qiaoyun , Wang Susu , Li Junru , Cao Kun , Zhuang Mei , Wu Miao , Geng Junhua , Jia Zhengping , Xie Wei , Liu An 
Published: February 2024

As the most common form of dementia in the world, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder marked by cognitive and behavioral impairment. According to previous researches, abundant social connections shield against dementia. However, it is still unclear how exactly social interactions benefit cognitive abilities in people with AD and how this process is used to increase their general cognitive performance. In this study, we found that single novel social (SNS) stimulation promoted c-Fos expression, and increased the protein levels of mature ADAM10/17 and sAPPα in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of wild-type (WT) mice, which are hippocampal dorsal CA2 (dCA2) neuron activity and vHPC NMDAR dependent. Additionally, we discovered that SNS caused similar changes in an AD model, FAD4Tmice, and these alterations could be reversed by α-secretase inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that multiple novel social (MNS) stimulation improved synaptic plasticity and memory impairments in both male and female FAD4Tmice, accompanied by α-secretase activation and Aβ reduction. These findings provide insight into the process underpinning how social interaction helps AD patients who are experiencing cognitive decline, and we also imply that novel social interaction and activation of the α-secretase may be preventative and therapeutic in the early stages of AD.Significance StatementAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that endangers the health of humans all over the world, yet no effective treatment is available. Here, we propose that novel social communication is able to effectively alleviate synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in early AD model mice. The mechanism is related to the activation of vHPC α-secretase, which alters amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage pathways, leading to a decrease in Aβ generation. Our findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms by which social communication improves cognition in AD models or patients and emphasize the preventive and therapeutic potential of novel social communication and α-secretase activation in the early stages of AD.
Thioredoxin 2 protects mice against experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: Medali Tania , Couchie Dominique , Mougenot Nathalie , Mihoc Maria , Bergmann Olaf , Derks Wouter , Santos Celio X , Friguet Bertrand , Rouis Mustapha 
Published: February 2024

Graphical abstract

Experimental Myocardial infarction (MI) using ligation procedure induces cardiac dysfunction, high level of ROS, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte (CM) loss. AAV overexpressing human Trx-2, specifically in CM mitochondria improves mouse cardiac function, reduces the size of cardiac infarct, increases the expression of cardiac anti-inflammatory markers, reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, it does not increase CM proliferation.

Abstract

Introduction and objective
Myocardial infarction (MI), which in general results from complications of atherosclerosis, is characterized by high inflammation and cardiomyocytes (CMs) apoptosis and by major loss of CMs. Regeneration of these lost CMs represents a major challenge for MI therapy. The increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in cell cycle arrest which can be restarted by hypoxia or in the presence of ROS scavengers. Among ROS scavengers, mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 (Trx-2), an important antioxidant protein, could play a role in the CMs renewal.

Method
In this study, we investigated the effect of Trx-2 on mouse heart after an experimental MI.

Results
Trx-2 improves mouse cardiac function, reduces cardiac infarction size and increases the expression of cardiac anti-inflammatory markers. In addition, it reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress in heart tissue of mice after MI but it does not increase CM proliferation in cell culture or in heart tissue.

Conclusion
Mitochondrial Trx-2 effectively protects against heart infarction, likely via the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis but not through CM renewal.

Significance statement
The current study unveils the complexities of MI and highlights mitochondrial Trx-2 role. Post-MI, marked by inflammation, CM apoptosis and significant CM loss. Trx-2 emerges as a vital protector. Its intervention improves mouse cardiac function, reduces infarction size and fosters an anti-inflammatory environment. By uncovering these mechanisms, the study suggests potential therapeutic strategies for oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in MI, positioning Trx-2 as a promising candidate for future cardiac interventions.
Reducing Physical Restraint Use in the Medical Behavioral Unit
Authors: Dalton Evan M. , Raymond Kathleen , Kovacs Brian , Vespe Kristin , Kaufmann Virginia , Lasoski Matthew , Gunnison Claire , Beauchamps Julie , Kane Emily , Andrade Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES
Children with behavioral health conditions often experience agitation when admitted to children’s hospitals. Physical restraint should be used only as a last resort for patient agitation because it endangers the physical and psychological safety of patients and employees. At the medical behavioral unit (MBU) in our children’s hospital, we aimed to decrease the weekly rate of physical restraint events per 100 MBU patient-days, independent of patient race, ethnicity, or language, from a baseline mean of 14.0 to &lt;10 within 12 months.

METHODS
Using quality improvement methodology, a multidisciplinary team designed, tested, and implemented interventions including a series of daily deescalation huddles led by a charge behavioral health clinician that facilitated individualized planning for MBU patients with the highest behavioral acuity. We tracked the weekly number of physical restraint events per 100 MBU patient-days as a primary outcome measure, weekly physical restraint event duration as a secondary outcome measure, and MBU employee injuries as a balancing measure.

RESULTS
Our cohort included 527 consecutive patients hospitalized in the MBU between January 2021 and January 2023. Our 2021 baseline mean of 14.0 weekly physical restraint events per 100 MBU patient-days decreased to 10.0 during our 2022 intervention period from January through July and 4.1 in August, which was sustained through December. Weekly physical restraint event duration also decreased from 112 to 67 minutes without a change in employee injuries.

CONCLUSIONS
Multidisciplinary huddles that facilitated daily deescalation planning safely reduced the frequency and duration of physical restraint events in the MBU.
The p53 protein – not only the guardian of the genome
Authors: Rusin Marek 
Published: February 2024

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is best known as an activator of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Only a fraction of p53-activated genes encode proteins affecting cellular replication and various forms of cell death (apoptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy). The p53-regulated genes can be divided into so-called the core transcriptional program, which comprises genes activated in most cell types by most activators, and into the group of genes activated in in cell- or stress-specific manner. Activation of p53 occurs via the extensive set of posttranslational modifications, which adjust its stability, interaction with other transcription regulators, and its ability to form a tetramer. Surprisingly, in mouse models, the activation of the best-studied p53 target genes encoding the inhibitor of the cell cycle (CDKN1A) or the inducers of apoptosis (e.g. NOXA, PUMA) is dispensable for protection against cancers. Thus, the non-classical functions of p53 must be studied to better understand its tumor suppressive mechanisms.
Quality Assessment and Evaluation of Amino Acid Profile of Black Wheat Supplemented Noodles
Authors: Joshi Anuprita , Kshirsagar R.B. , Bhokre C.K. , Deshpande H.W. , Sawate A.R. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Functional foods are a topic of ongoing industrial use and research. Currently, coloured grain is being prioritized more in research since it is a source of neutraceutical chemicals. Black colored wheat is known for its anthocyanin content. Black wheat therefore has the potential to offer extra health advantages over those that standard wheat cultivars typically offer. Noodles are most popular products widely consumed throughout the world and represents second in global consumption to bread. The present study was undertaken to evaluate effect of processing on loss of amino acids content in black wheat supplemented noodles and control white noodles. Methods: In the present study, High performance liquid chromatography was used for the quantification of amino acids in Black and Netravati white colored wheat flour and prepared black wheat supplemented noodles and control white noodles samples prepared by extrusion. Result: Black wheat flour and Black wheat supplemented noodles samples had higher total amino acid content, Essential amino acid content and per cent essential amino acid score in comparison Netravati white flour and control noodles samples prepared from whole Netravati white wheat flour, while content of lysine was more in Netravati white wheat flour and control noodles samples. The noodles samples prepared exhibited average percent reduction in amino acid content in black and Netravati white wheat were 1.06 and 2.63%, respectively. Black wheat flour and black wheat supplemented noodles were rich in anthocyanins also rich in amino acids in comparison to Netravati white wheat flour. Minimum losses in amino acid content were observed in Black wheat supplemented noodles, while maximum losses were observed in Netravati white wheat control noodles samples.