bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of doped polyaniline as an electrode in the galvanic anodic protection of ferrous metals in industrial acid solutions
Authors: Hu J. , Xiao S. , Zhong L. , Zhu H. , Gan F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate the galvanic anodic protection (GAP) of ferrous metals (such as 410, 304 and 316 stainless steels) in acid solutions by doped polyaniline (PANi), separate doped PANi powder‐pressed electrodes with different surface areas (the area ratio of the PANi electrode to stainless steel is between 1:1 and 1:2) have been prepared. These were coupled with ferrous metal in the following solutions: 5 M sulphuric acid, 5 M phosphoric acid and industrial phosphoric acid (containing 5 M phosphoric acid and 0.05% chloride ion) to construct a galvanic cell, in which PANi is cathode while ferrous metal is anode. The results indicate that a PANi electrode with sufficient area can provide corrosion protection to stainless steel in these acidic solutions. A pilot scale coupling experiment was carried out. The results indicate that PANi is a promising material as an electrode for the anodic protection of ferrous metals in acidic solutions in industrial situations.
Fullerene End‐Capped Biodegradable Poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Kai Weihua , Hua Lei , Dong Tungalag , Pan Pengju , Zhu Bo , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFullerene capped poly(ε‐caprolactone)s (PCLs), namely single‐ and double‐fullerene end‐capped PCLs with different fullerene content, were successfully synthesized. The effect of the fullerene end on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of the PCL was studied. The aggregation behavior of the fullerene moieties at the end of the PCL chain was also studied. It was found that the aggregated fullerenes have two kinds of effect on the crystallization behavior of the PCL i.e., confinement effect and nucleating effect. The fullerene content shows a certain balance between the confinement effect and the nucleating effect on the crystallization rate of PCL. It was also found that the mechanical properties of the fullerene end‐capped PCLs are strongly related to the content of fullerene and the mode of end‐capping style: either single or double end‐capping.magnified image
Construction of Glycosylated Surfaces for Poly(propylene) Beads with a Photoinduced Grafting/Chemical Reaction Sequence
Authors: Hu Meng‐Xin , Wan Ling‐Shu , Fu Zhi‐Sheng , Fan Zhi‐Qiang , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSurface modification of commercial PPBs with different saccharides is described. Surface‐glycosylated PPBs were prepared through reaction between the hydroxyl groups of poly(HEMA) and acetylated saccharides such as α‐glucose pentaacetate, β‐galactose pentaacetate, and lactose octaacetate. The modified PPBs were characterized by XPS and water contact angle measurement. It was found that the grafting degree of poly(HEMA) increases with UV irradiation time, monomer concentration, and water content in solvent. The binding degree of monosaccharides is higher than that of disaccharides. The glycosylated PPBs can selectively recognize lectins, indicating potential for protein isolation.magnified image
Altered expression of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase in various epithelial cancers and its contribution to tumourigenic phenotypes in thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Wang M‐H , Lee W , Luo Y‐L , Weis MT , Yao H‐P 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAberrant expression of the RON receptor tyrosine kinase has been implicated in the pathogenesis of epithelial tumours. The aim of this study was to determine RON expression in various normal epithelial cells and their corresponding tumours by immunohistochemistry. The role of RON in regulating tumourigenic phenotypes was also studied using thyroid cancer cells as a model. RON was almost exclusively expressed at variable levels in normal epithelial cells from the digestive track, lung, kidney, pancreas, liver, breast, bladder, skin, and others. Among 15 types of cancer studied, RON was overexpressed in significant numbers in cancers derived from breast (56%), colon (51%), lung (48), thyroid (42%), skin (37%), bladder (36%), and pancreas (33%). In contrast, limited RON overexpression was observed in cancers from stomach, kidney, brain, liver, ovary, and prostate. Detailed analysis of thyroid tissues showed that RON was hardly detected in normal thyroid cells, moderately expressed in adenoma samples, but overexpressed in about half of papillary and follicular cancer specimens. Overexpression correlated with advanced clinical stage and was associated with lymph node metastasis. In cultured thyroid cancer cells, RON was highly expressed, with constitutive phosphorylation. Activation of RON increased cell growth and migration via the MAP kinase and AKT pathways. Silencing RON expression significantly prevented cell growth and increased cell apoptotic death. These findings show that RON overexpression occurs in a particular group of epithelial cancers. The requirement for RON in sustaining tumourigenic phenotypes suggests that it is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early detection of adverse drug events within population‐based health networks: application of sequential testing methods
Authors: Brown Jeffrey S. , Kulldorff Martin , Chan K. Arnold , Davis Robert L. , Graham David , Pettus Parker T. , Andrade Susan E. , Raebel Marsha A. , Herrinton Lisa , Roblin Douglas , Boudreau Denise , Smith David , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Gunter Margaret J. , Platt Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeActive surveillance of population‐based health networks may improve the timeliness of detection of adverse drug events (ADEs). Active monitoring requires sequential analysis methods. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the utility of automated healthcare claims data for near real‐time drug adverse event surveillance and (2) identify key methodological issues related to the use of healthcare claims data for real‐time drug safety surveillance.MethodsWe assessed the ability to detect ADEs using historical data from nine health plans involved in the HMO Research Network's Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics (CERT). Analyses were performed using a maximized sequential probability ratio test (maxSPRT). Five drug‐event pairs representing known associations with an ADE and two pairs representing ‘negative controls’ were analyzed.ResultsStatistically significant (p < 0.05) signals of excess risk were found in four of the five drug‐event pairs representing known associations; no signals were found for the negative controls. Signals were detected between 13 and 39 months after the start of surveillance. There was substantial variation in the number of exposed and expected events at signal detection.ConclusionsProspective, periodic evaluation of routinely collected data can provide population‐based estimates of medication‐related adverse event rates to support routine, timely post‐marketing surveillance for selected ADEs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the use of a spironolactone and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor combination: a population‐based analysis
Authors: Besançon Jean‐François , Lagarce Laurence , Diquet Bertrand , Lainé‐Cessac Pascale 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the conditions of use of the drug combination in outpatients.MethodologyThe first section consisted of a population‐based analysis using computerized records from the French national health insurance system. The study population consisted of adult patients, receiving long‐term treatment with spironolactone (SPIR) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). For each patient, the reimbursement of serum potassium and creatinine determinations was searched for in the database during the 6‐month period preceding the date of the last dispensation. The second section comprised a written questionnaire on use practises, sent to practitioners who prescribed the drug combination to randomly selected patients. Analysis of the answers to the questionnaire made it necessary to develop a reference system. In the third section, procedure one was repeated at a later stage, following an information campaign, in order to measure its impact.ResultsThe exhaustive population under procedure 1 consisted of 3620 patients (71 ± 11 years). During the 6 months prior to the index date, 51% of patients underwent at least one determination of both serum potassium and serum creatinine. The randomised population under procedure two consisted of 441 patients (70 ± 13 years) and their 375 practitioners. When compared with the reference system, SPIR–ACEI was used for the recommended indications, at the appropriate SPIR–ACEI dosages, and under minimal monitoring of biological parameters in only 65 patients (15%). After the information campaign, results were disappointing because only 55% of patients underwent the minimal laboratory monitoring.ConclusionThe use of the drug combination in general practice was mainly inappropriate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of well‐defined dendritic hyperbranched polymers by iterative methodologies using living/controlled polymerizations
Authors: Hirao Akira , Sugiyama Kenji , Matsuo Akira , Tsunoda Yuji , Watanabe Takumi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis review presents firstly the synthesis of various dendritic hyperbranched polymers with well‐defined structures by generation‐based growth methodologies using living/controlled polymerization. Secondly, the synthesis of dendritic hyperbranched poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs) and their functionalized block copolymers using a novel iterative methodology is described. The methodology involves a two‐reaction sequence in each iterative process: (a) a linking reaction of α‐functionalized living anionic PMMA with tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxymethylphenyl (SMP) groups with benzyl bromide (BnBr)‐chain‐end‐functionalized polymer and (b) a transformation reaction of the SMP groups into BnBr functions. This reaction sequence is repeated several times to construct high‐generation (maximum seventh generation) dendritic hyperbranched polymers. Similar branched architectural block copolymers have also been synthesized by the same iterative methodology using other α‐functionalized living anionic polymers. Surface structures of the resulting dendritic hyperbranched block copolymers composed of PMMA and poly(2‐(perfluorobutyl)ethyl methacrylate) segments have been characterized using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Solution behaviors of dendritic hyperbranched PMMAs with different generations and branch densities are discussed based on their intrinsic viscosities, g′ values and Rh values. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of novel poly(amide urea)s, materials with outstanding mechanical properties
Authors: San‐José Noelia , Gómez‐Valdemoro Ana , García Félix Clemente , de la Peña José Luis , Serna Felipe , García José Miguel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFour novel A‐B condensation monomers containing an amine and a carboxylic acid function are described, along with their polymerization to give main chain aromatic poly(amide urea)s. The monomers, and the polymer structural unit, are N,N′‐diphenylurea derivatives. When comparing wholly aromatic polyamides, or aramids, with the poly(amide urea)s described herein, we find that the chemical resistance to hydrolysis of the later polymers increases and their thermal resistance is diminished due to the main chain urea groups, whereas their water uptake is not greatly modified. The most striking result of the new poly(amide urea)s is their outstanding mechanical resistance: their Young's modulus rises as high as 5.5 GPa and their tensile strengths as high as 170 MPa for unoriented films prepared at laboratory scale by casting. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5398–5407, 2007
Novel thermosets obtained by UV‐induced cationic copolymerization of DGEBA with an spirobislactone
Authors: Fernández‐Francos Xavier , Salla Josep M. , Cadenato Ana , Morancho Josep M. , Mantecón Ana , Serra Angels , Ramis Xavier 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe photocuring process of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with the bislactone 1,6‐dioxaspiro[4,4]nonane‐2,7‐dione (s(γ‐BL)) was studied. Triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate was employed as photoinitiator. FTIR/ATR was used to study the evolution of epoxy, lactone, and intermediate spiroorthoester groups to identify the different reactions that take place during the photocuring process. Photo‐DSC and DSC were used to study the thermal evolution of the photocuring process and to assess the Tg of the fully cured material. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to determine the thermal stability of the fully cured material. The thermomechanical properties of the materials were investigated using dynamic mechanical‐thermal analysis. Shrinkage undergone during photocuring and gelation was studied with TMA. A strong influence of the photocuring temperature on the photocuring process of the DGEBA‐ s(γ‐BL) system was observed. Differences in the reactivity of the different species were observed with respect to the thermally cured system using ytterbium triflate as cationic thermal initiator. As a consequence, photocured materials exhibited a superior thermal stability and lower flexibility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5446–5458, 2007
Dual effects of fullerene doped to holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals
Authors: Woo Ju Yeon , Kim Eun Hee , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDoping of conductive fullerene particles to the formulation of conventional holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal‐induced dual effects of reducing both droplet coalescence and operating voltage. Fullerene induced an induction period which otherwise does not exist, followed by a gradual increase of diffraction efficiency to a saturation value being increased with increasing fullerene content. The increased diffraction efficiency was caused by the decreased droplet coalescence which was due to the hindered migration of LC by the fullerene particles. On the other hand, doped fullerene particles augmented the conductivity of polymer phase and hence the local electrical field imposed on LC droplet, which overcome the threshold for driving and reduced operating voltage and response times. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5590–5596, 2007
Synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylenes using solvent‐ligated manganese(II) complexes as catalysts
Authors: Radhakrishnan Narayanan , Hijazi Ahmed K. , Komber Hartmut , Voit Brigitte , Zschoche Stefan , Kühn Fritz E. , Nuyken Oskar , Walter Michael , Hanefeld Phillip 
Published: October 2007

AbstractManganese complexes with benzonitrile ligands were synthesized, characterized, and applied for the preparation of the isobutylene polymerization. Low and medium molecular weight polyisobutylenes containing high amount of exo‐type double bond end groups (70–80%) were successfully prepared using these manganese(II) complexes as catalysts at room temperature. The influence of monomer and catalyst concentration was intensively analyzed for achieving high monomer conversion and high exo double bond content of the products. Details on end group distribution in the products and development of the exo‐type end group content with reaction time were evaluated by 1H NMR. The catalysts are also active for the homopolymerization of styrene and the copolymerization of isobutylene and styrene. The highly reactive polyisobutylene products obtained by these manganese complexes show features similar to products obtained by conventional cationic polymerization, but the polymerization characteristics clearly deviate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5636–5648, 2007
One‐shot synthesis of high molar mass polyurethane in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Renault Benjamin , Tassaing Thierry , Cloutet Eric , Cramail Henri 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWell‐defined polyurethane–polydimethylsiloxane particles of tunable diameter in the range of 0.5–20 μm were synthesized in “one‐shot” by step‐growth polymerization using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a dispersant medium. Polymerizations were carried out at 60 °C and above 25 MPa, after the solubility of each reactant in scCO2 has been determined in its typical reaction concentration. The synthesis of such copolymers was achieved by polyaddition between short aliphatic diols, that is, ethylene glycol, 1,4‐butanediol (BD) or polyethylene oxide (Mn = 200 g mol−1), and tolylene‐1,4‐di‐isocyanate (TDI) in the presence of mono or di‐isocyanate‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as reactive stabilizers and dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. The nature of the diol used as well as the functionality of the reactive stabilizer incorporated was found to have a dramatic effect on the molar mass and the morphology of the resulting product. Thus, copolymers obtained from the polyaddition of BD and TDI in the presence of di‐isocyanate‐terminated PDMS exhibit molar mass up to 90,000 g mol−1. Thermal behaviors of copolymers were also examined by differential scanning calorimetry. All samples exhibited only one glass transition temperature (Tg) and were found to be totally amorphous. A logical decrease of the Tg was observed as the length of the diol incorporated increased, that is, as the density of urethane linkages within the polymer decreased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5649–5661, 2007
Yttrium bis(alkyl) and bis(amido) complexes bearing N,O multidentate ligands. Synthesis and catalytic activity towards ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide
Authors: Shang Xiaomin , Liu Xinli , Cui Dongmei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMethoxy‐modified β‐diimines HL1 and HL2 reacted with Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 to afford the corresponding bis(alkyl)s [L1Y(CH2SiMe3)2] (1) and [L2Y(CH2SiMe3)2] (2), respectively. Amination of 1 with 2,6‐diisopropyl aniline gave the bis(amido) counterpart [L1Y{N(H)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2] (3), selectively. Treatment of Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 with methoxy‐modified anilido imine HL3 yielded bis(alkyl) complex [L3Y(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)] (4) that sequentially reacted with 2,6‐diisopropyl aniline to give the bis(amido) analogue [L3Y{N(H)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2] (5). Complex 2 was “base‐free” monomer, in which the tetradentate β‐diiminato ligand was meridional with the two alkyl species locating above and below it, generating tetragonal bipyramidal core about the metal center. Complex 3 was asymmetric monomer containing trigonal bipyramidal core with trans‐arrangement of the amido ligands. In contrast, the two cis‐located alkyl species in complex 4 were endo and exo towards the O,N,N tridentate anilido‐imido moiety. The bis(amido) complex 5 was confirmed to be structural analogue to 4 albeit without THF coordination. All these yttrium complexes are highly active initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐LA at room temperature. The catalytic activity of the complexes and their “single‐site” or “double‐site” behavior depend on the ligand framework and the geometry of the alkyl (amido) species in the corresponding complexes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5662–5672, 2007
Polymer‐supported pyridinium catalysts for synthesis of cyclic carbonate by reaction of carbon dioxide and oxirane
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolymer‐supported pyridinium salts, prepared by quaternarization of crosslinked poly(4‐vinylpyridine) with alkyl halides, effectively catalyze the reaction of carbon dioxide (1 atm) and glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) to afford the corresponding five‐membered cyclic carbonate (4‐phenoxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one). Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) quarternarized with alkyl bromides show high catalytic activities, and the reaction of carbon dioxide (1 atm) and GPE at 100 °C affords 4‐phenoxymethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one quantitatively in 6 h. The rate constant in the reaction of GPE and carbon dioxide in N‐methyl pyrrolidinone using poly(4‐vinylpyridine) quarternarized with n‐butyl bromide (kobs = 102 min−1) is almost comparable with those for homogeneous catalysts with good activities (e.g., LiI), and the rate of the reaction obeys the first‐order kinetics. A used catalyst may be recovered by centrifugation, and the recycled catalyst also promotes the reaction of GPE and carbon dioxide. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5673–5678, 2007
Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry: Covalent Labeling in Living Systems
Authors: Baskin Jeremy M. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe term “click chemistry” defines a powerful set of chemical reactions that are rapid, selective, and high‐yielding. These reactions, some of which are less than 10 years old, have been applied in diverse areas, including drug discovery, materials science, and chemical biology. In chemical biology, click chemistry has been used in the selective labeling of biomolecules within living systems, allowing proteins, glycans, and other important biomolecules to be monitored in a physiologically relevant environment rather than in an in vitro setting. This demanding application requires not only the aforementioned characteristics of click chemistry but, additionally, that the reactions are bioorthogonal – that is, non‐interacting with biological functionality while proceeding under physiological conditions – and that the reagents are non‐toxic. Of the many extant click reactions, only a select few possess this unique combination of attributes, notably the Staudinger ligation of azides and triarylphosphines and [3+2] dipolar cycloadditions of azides with strained alkynes. This minireview describes the characteristics of bioorthogonal click reactions as well as recent applications toward labeling biomolecules in cells and living organisms.
Synthesis of Ring‐Expanded Aza‐Analogues of Bisbenzocyclooctadiene Lignan Lactones
Authors: Donets Pavel A. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report a novel microwave‐assisted protocol for the synthesis of hitherto unknown 11‐membered ring lignan lactone aza‐analogues. The two key steps involve the formation of the biaryl fragment using a microwave‐assisted Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction and a thermal 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition reaction for the introduction of the 1,2,3‐triazole ring rendering the cyclized compound.
Robotic surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Anderson C. , Hellan M. , Kernstine K. , Ellenhorn J. , Lai L. , Trisal V. , Pigazzi A 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis report describes our initial experience with the use of robotic‐assisted surgery for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies.MethodsBetween November 2004 and July 2007, 73 robotic procedures (26 female, 47 male) for GI cancer were performed and retrospectively reviewed. Procedures included 25 oesophagectomies, 11 gastrectomies and 37 rectal resections. The median body mass index (BMI) for this patient population was 26.ResultsThe median operative times for rectal, oesophageal and gastric resections were 285, 482 and 430 min, respectively. There were three conversions. Major postoperative morbidity was 16% for rectal, 32% for oesophageal and 9% for gastric procedures. The leak rate was 11% for rectal, 16% for oesophageal and 9% for gastric anastomoses. Median length of stay was 4, 11 and 5 days, respectively. The median number of lymph nodes harvested was 13, 22, and 26 for rectal, oesophageal and gastric lymphadenectomies, respectively. At a median follow‐up of 9 months, one patient developed a port site recurrence; 30 day mortality was zero.ConclusionThis initial experience suggests that the robotic approach is safe and feasible for a variety of radical oncological surgical procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.