bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of anxiety disorder in adults with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Cohn Erica , Palma Gabriela , Mastacouris Nicole , Strunk Andrew , Garg Amit 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
There are limited data on the risk of new-onset anxiety disorders in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).

Objectives
To compare the risk of new-onset anxiety disorder in patients with HS and controls, and to describe risk factors for the development of anxiety in patients with HS.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective cohort analysis of a US electronic health records database between 2011 and 2020. Adults newly diagnosed with HS at a dermatology or primary care visit and control participants were included. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, phobic disorders, panic disorder or unspecified anxiety. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare the crude risk of any anxiety disorder between groups and to assess the independent association with HS while controlling for potential demographic, clinical and healthcare-related confounders.

Results
Among 9597 patients with HS and 959 493 controls, the incidence rate (IR) of anxiety was 5.74 and 3.86 per 100 person-years (PY), respectively. The crude risk among all patients was 48% higher for those with HS vs. controls [hazard ratio (HR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–1.55]. When stratified by index encounter type, patients with HS had 2.43 (95% CI 2.13–2.77) times the risk of anxiety disorder than dermatology controls and 1.46 (95%CI 1.38–1.55) times the risk than primary care controls. The adjusted HR for patients with HS vs. controls was 1.11 (95% CI 1.05–1.17) overall, 1.26 (95% CI 1.07–1.48) in the dermatology subgroup and 1.07 (95% CI 1.01–1.13) in the primary care subgroup. Risk factors for an incident anxiety diagnosis among patients with HS included depression (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.48–1.93), female sex (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.23–1.60), younger age (HR 0.87 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 0.84–0.90), White race, in the Medicaid insurance programme (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.07–1.40), tobacco smoking (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03–1.31) and having one or more emergency department visits in the year before a HS diagnosis. Absolute IRs of anxiety disorders were highest among patients with HS who were aged 18–29 years (7.10 per 100 PY), female (6.34 per 100 PY) and White (6.79 per 100 PY).

Conclusions
HS is independently associated with an increased risk of anxiety disorders. An increased risk remains but is attenuated when confounders are controlled for. The relative risk may be particularly high in patients managed by dermatologists.
Social Workers’ Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Social Work Practice in Schools: A Scoping Review
Authors: Binks Sarah , Hickey Lyndal , Heath Airin , Bornemisza Anna , Goulding Lauren , Parolini Arno 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to establish the breadth of the academic literature regarding the barriers and facilitators to social work practice in schools as perceived by School Social Workers (SSWs). Following the PRISMA-ScR Scoping Review Framework, 42 articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Five interrelated themes related to the barriers and facilitators to SSW practice were identified: (1) Inadequacy of service delivery infrastructure; (2) SSWs’ role ambiguities and expectations; (3) SSWs’ competency, knowledge and support; (4) School climate and context; and (5) Cultivating relationships and engagement. This scoping review found that social workers perceive far greater barriers than facilitators when delivering services in school settings, with limited evidence related to the facilitators that enhance School Social Work (SSW) practice. Further research regarding the facilitators of SSW practice is needed, specifically in countries where research on this topic is emergent.
Physiological condition infers habitat choice in juvenile sockeye salmon
Authors: LoScerbo Daniella C , Wilson Samantha M , Robinson Kendra A , Moore Jonathan W , Patterson David A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The amount of time that juvenile salmon remain in an estuary varies among and within populations, with some individuals passing through their estuary in hours while others remain in the estuary for several months. Underlying differences in individual physiological condition, such as body size, stored energy and osmoregulatory function, could drive individual variation in the selection of estuary habitat. Here we investigated the role of variation in physiological condition on the selection of estuarine and ocean habitat by sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts intercepted at the initiation of their 650-km downstream migration from Chilko Lake, Fraser River, British Columbia (BC). Behavioural salinity preference experiments were conducted on unfed smolts held in fresh water at three time intervals during their downstream migration period, representing the stage of migration at lake-exit, and the expected timing for estuary-entry and ocean-entry (0, 1 and 3 weeks after lake-exit, respectively). In general, salinity preference behaviour varied across the three time periods consistent with expected transition from river to estuary to ocean. Further, individual physiological condition did influence habitat choice. Smolt condition factor (K) and energy density were positively correlated with salinity preference behaviour in the estuary and ocean outmigration stages, but not at lake-exit. Our results suggest that smolt physiological condition upon reaching the estuary could influence migratory behaviour and habitat selection. This provides evidence on the temporally dependent interplay of physiology, behaviour and migration in wild juvenile Pacific salmon, with juvenile rearing conditions influencing smolt energetic status, which in turn influences habitat choice during downstream migration. The implication for the conservation of migratory species is that the relative importance of stopover habitats may vary as a function of initial condition.
Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein blockade limits the development of atherosclerosis and reduces plaque inflammation
Authors: Mulholland Megan , Depuydt Marie A C , Jakobsson Gabriel , Ljungcrantz Irena , Grentzmann Andrietta , To Fong , Bengtsson Eva , Jaensson Gyllenbäck Elin , Grönberg Caitríona , Rattik Sara , Liberg David , Schiopu Alexandru , Björkbacka Harry , Kuiper Johan , Bot Ilze , Slütter Bram , Engelbertsen Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
The interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is a co-receptor required for signalling through the IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 receptors. Using a novel anti-IL1RAP-blocking antibody, we investigated the role of IL1RAP in atherosclerosis.

Methods and results
Single-cell RNA sequencing data from human atherosclerotic plaques revealed the expression of IL1RAP and several IL1RAP-related cytokines and receptors, including IL1B and IL33. Histological analysis showed the presence of IL1RAP in both the plaque and adventitia, and flow cytometry of murine atherosclerotic aortas revealed IL1RAP expression on plaque leucocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages. High-cholesterol diet fed apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apoe−/−) mice were treated with a novel non-depleting IL1RAP-blocking antibody or isotype control for the last 6 weeks of diet. IL1RAP blockade in mice resulted in a 20% reduction in subvalvular plaque size and limited the accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages in plaques and of T cells in adventitia, compared with control mice. Indicative of reduced plaque inflammation, the expression of several genes related to leucocyte recruitment, including Cxcl1 and Cxcl2, was reduced in brachiocephalic arteries of anti-IL1RAP-treated mice, and the expression of these chemokines in human plaques was mainly restricted to CD68+ myeloid cells. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36 induced CXCL1 release from both macrophages and fibroblasts, which could be mitigated by IL1RAP blockade.

Conclusion
Limiting IL1RAP-dependent cytokine signalling pathways in atherosclerotic mice reduces plaque burden and plaque inflammation, potentially by limiting plaque chemokine production.
CoMentG: comprehensive retrieval of generic relationships between biomedical concepts from the scientific literature
Authors: Novoa Jorge , López-Ibáñez Javier , Chagoyen Mónica , Ranea Juan A G , Pazos Florencio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The CoMentG resource contains millions of relationships between terms of biomedical interest obtained from the scientific literature. At the core of the system is a methodology for detecting significant co-mentions of concepts in the entire PubMed corpus. That method was applied to nine sets of terms covering the most important classes of biomedical concepts: diseases, symptoms/clinical signs, molecular functions, biological processes, cellular compartments, anatomic parts, cell types, bacteria and chemical compounds. We obtained more than 7 million relationships between more than 74 000 terms, and many types of relationships were not available in any other resource. As the terms were obtained from widely used resources and ontologies, the relationships are given using the standard identifiers provided by them and hence can be linked to other data. A web interface allows users to browse these associations, searching for relationships for a set of terms of interests provided as input, such as between a disease and their associated symptoms, underlying molecular processes or affected tissues. The results are presented in an interactive interface where the user can explore the reported relationships in different ways and follow links to other resources.
Database URL: https://csbg.cnb.csic.es/CoMentG/
European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging survey on cardiovascular multimodality imaging in acute myocarditis
Authors: Bohbot Yohann , Pezel Théo , Demirkıran Ahmet , Androulakis Emmanuel , Houshmand Golnaz , Szabo Liliana , Manka Robert , Lembo Maria , Botezatu Simona B , Rodríguez-Palomares José F , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Dweck Marc R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
To assess the current role of cardiac imaging in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis (AM) through a European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging survey.

Methods and results
A total of 412 volunteers from 74 countries responded to the survey. Most participants worked in tertiary centres (56%). All participants had access to echocardiography, while 79 and 75% had access to cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), respectively. Less than half (47%) had access to myocardial biopsy, and only 5% used this test routinely. CMR was performed within 7 days of presentation in 73% of cases. Non-ischaemic late gadolinium enhancement (LGE, 88%) and high-signal intensity in T2-weighted images (74%) were the most used diagnostic criteria for AM. CCTA was preferred to coronary angiography by 47% of participants to exclude coronary artery disease. Systematic prescription of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors was reported by 38 and 32% of participants. Around a quarter of participants declared considering LGE burden as a reason to treat. Most participants (90%) reported performing a follow-up echocardiogram, while 63% scheduled a follow-up CMR. The main reason for treatment discontinuation was improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction (89%), followed by LGE regression (60%). In two-thirds of participants, the decision to resume high-intensity sport was influenced by residual LGE.

Conclusion
This survey confirms the high utilization of cardiac imaging in AM but reveals major differences in how cardiac imaging is used and how the condition is managed between centres, underlining the need for recommendation statements in this topic.
Palpitations in puerperium—a self-recorded smart watch ECG gives the hint to hormone-induced ventricular arrhythmia: case report
Authors: Jankowska Paulina Anna , Georgi Christian , Bannehr Marwin , Butter Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Gender-related aspects in cardiac arrhythmias have gained increasing attention, still the understanding of peripartum electrical disorders remains vague.

Case summary
A 28-year-old woman developed palpitations and presyncopes during the post-partum period after her second pregnancy. Palpitations remained unclear until a self-recorded single-lead smartwatch ECG revealed a complete episode of a fast broad complex tachycardia (260 b.p.m.) that led to hospital admission. Echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and exercise testing, showed no relevant abnormalities. Recording the tachycardia in a 12-lead-ECG could eventually be achieved revealing an inferior axis and positive concordance in the precordial leads. Episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) could be provoked by breast feeding and mental stress, but not induced in two electrophysiological studies. Genetic testing was normal. The patient continued to experience repeated, self-terminating VT episodes, lasting between 10 and 40 s, leading to presyncopes and a syncope with a fall. The beginning of symptoms subsequent to child birth and frequent premature ventricular contractions in her first pregnancy made hormone-induced arrhythmia a tentative diagnosis. Heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) intervals showed significant variability corresponding to the frequency of episodes in a retrospective evaluation. The cessation of breastfeeding led to a termination of arrhythmias. The patient was temporarily equipped with a wearable cardioverter defibrillator vest, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was not implanted.

Discussion
The case report highlights the potential of self-recorded, patient-activated ECG monitoring in diagnosing recurrent palpitations, and the dilemma of timing for implanting ICDs in young patients with ventricular arrythmias (VTs). Additionally, it underlines the role of post-partum hormones in the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias, calling for further research of gender-specific, and pregnancy-associated arrhythmias.
The CNIC-polypill (acetylsalicylic acid, atorvastatin, and ramipril), an effective and cost-saving secondary prevention strategy compared with other therapeutic options in patients with ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Dalmau Regina , Cordero Alberto , Masana Luís , Ruiz Emilio , Sicras-Mainar Antoni , González-Juanatey José R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
The retrospective NEPTUNO study evaluated the effectiveness of the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)-polypill (including acetylsalicylic acid, ramipril, and atorvastatin) vs. other therapeutic approaches in secondary prevention for cardiovascular (CV) disease. In this substudy, the focus was on the subgroup of patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods and results
Patients on four strategies: CNIC-polypill, its monocomponents as loose medications, equipotent medications, and other therapies. The primary endpoint was the incidence of recurrent major adverse CV events (MACEs) after 2 years. After matching, 1080 patients were included in each cohort. The CNIC-polypill cohort had a significantly lower incidence of recurrent MACE compared with monocomponents, equipotent drugs, and other therapies cohorts (16.1 vs. 24, 24.4, and 24.3%, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). The hazard ratios (HRs) for recurrent MACE were higher in monocomponents (HR = 1.12; P = 0.042), equipotent drugs (HR = 1.14; P = 0.031), and other therapies cohorts (HR = 1.17; P = 0.016) compared with the CNIC-polypill, with a number needed to treat of 12 patients to prevent a MACE. The CNIC-polypill demonstrated a greater reduction in LDL cholesterol (LDL-c; −56.1 vs. −43.6, −33.3, and −33.2% in the monocomponents, equipotent drugs, and other therapies, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (−13.7 vs. −11.5, −10.6, and −9.1% in the CNIC-polypill, monocomponents, equipotent drugs, and other therapies, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) compared with other cohorts. The CNIC-polypill intervention was less costly and more effective than any other therapeutic option, with €2317–€2407 cost savings per event prevented.

Conclusion
In IHD, the CNIC-polypill exemplifies a guideline-recommended secondary prevention treatment linked to better outcomes and cost saving compared with other therapeutic options.
A multi-million-year natural experiment
Authors: Rivas-González Iker , Tung Jenny 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Improving the diversity and quality of genome assemblies for non-human mammals has been a long-standing goal of comparative genomics. The last year saw substantial progress towards this goal, including the release of genome alignments for 240 mammals and nearly half the primate order. These resources have increased our ability to identify evolutionarily constrained regions of the genome, and together strongly support the importance of these regions to biomedically relevant trait variation in humans. They also provide new strategies for identifying the genetic basis of changes unique to individual lineages, illustrating the value of evolutionary comparative approaches for understanding human health.
Effects of Cadmium Stress on Seed Germination and Physiology and Biochemistry during Early Seedling Growth of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.)
Authors: Wang Yi , Qian Jing , Zhang Chi , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of cadmium (Cd) on seed germination and the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Pinus massoniana, which was used as the experimental material; culture dishes and germination boxes were used as testing devices. Seed germination and seedling growth in the presence of various Cd concentrations (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2, and 0 mg/L) were explored. The germination indexes of Pinus massoniana seeds used were germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination index (GI), vigor index (VI). and embryo length. The indexes of early growth of seedlings used were soluble sugar and soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activity, Cd content, and Cd enrichment. We found that Pinus massoniana presented reduced GP, GE, GI, VI, and embryo length with increasing Cd concentrations, and the VI and embryo length significantly decreased (P &lt; .05). The physiological and biochemical indexes of Pinus massoniana seedlings were promoted at low Cd concentrations and inhibited at high Cd concentrations; each index peaked under 0.4 mg/L Cd. The Cd content in seedlings and the degree of enrichment decreased and then increased with increasing Cd concentration. Grey correlation analysis results showed that the effects of Cd stress were the strongest on embryo length in seeds (correlation degree: 0.769).
Study Implications: The effect of heavy metal pollution on seed germination and growth is closely related to phytoremediation of heavy metal soil. Pinus massoniana is the most widely distributed pine species in China. It is an economically important industrial timber with important ecological value. This study found that under the stress of different cadmium concentrations, heavy metal Cd stress inhibited the germination of Pinus massoniana seeds, and moderate Cd concentration promoted the physiological and biochemical of Pinus massoniana seedlings. Pinus massoniana seedlings have the ability to enrich heavy metal Cd.
“Not everything that can be counted counts” in ethanol toxicological results: an antemortem and postmortem technical interpretation focusing on driving under the influence
Authors: Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ethanol blood analysis is the most common request in forensic toxicology, and some studies point to positive results in approximately one-third of all unnatural deaths. However, distinguishing sober deaths from drunk deaths is not as simple as it may seem. This technical, clinical, and forensic interpretation is proposed to interpret the ethanol toxicological results, discussing several artefacts and pitfalls that must be considered, namely focusing on driving under the influence. This work is presented with a practical and objective approach, aiming to alleviate the complexities associated with clinical, physiological, pathophysiological, and toxicological aspects to enhance comprehension, practicality, and applicability of its content, especially to courts. Particularly the physical integrity of the body, the postmortem interval, putrefactive signs, anatomic place of blood collection, alternative samples such as vitreous humour and urine, the possibility of postmortem redistribution, the inclusion of preservatives in containers, and optimal temperature conditions of shipment are among some of the aspects to pay attention. Although several biomarkers related to postmortem microbial ethanol production have been proposed, their translation into forensic routine is slow to be implemented due to the uncertainties of their application and analytical difficulties. Specifically, in the interpretation of ethanol toxicological results, “not everything that can be counted counts and not everything that counts can be counted” (attributed to Albert Einstein).
Improved reference quality genome sequence of the plastic-degrading greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella
Authors: Young Reginald , Ahmed Khandaker Asif , Court Leon , Castro-Vargas Cynthia , Marcora Anna , Boctor Joseph , Paull Cate , Wijffels Gene , Rane Rahul , Edwards Owain , Walsh Tom , Pandey Gunjan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Galleria mellonella is a pest of honeybees in many countries because its larvae feed on beeswax. However, G. mellonella larvae can also eat various plastics, including polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene, and therefore, the species is garnering increasing interest as a tool for plastic biodegradation research. This paper presents an improved genome (99.3% completed lepidoptera_odb10 BUSCO; genome mode) for G. mellonella. This 472 Mb genome is in 221 contigs with an N50 of 6.4 Mb and contains 13,604 protein-coding genes. Genes that code for known and putative polyethylene-degrading enzymes and their similarity to proteins found in other Lepidoptera are highlighted. An analysis of secretory proteins more likely to be involved in the plastic catabolic process has also been carried out.