bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐voltage, high‐gain, and high‐mobility organic complementary inverters based on N,N′‐ditridecyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide and pentacene
Authors: Tatemichi Shuhei , Ichikawa Musubu , Kato Shimpei , Koyama Toshiki , Taniguchi Yoshio 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe authors describe an organic complementary inverter with N,N′‐ditridecyl‐3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic diimide as an n‐type semiconductor and pentacene as a p‐type semiconductor. Each transistor of the inverter exhibited high carrier mobility: 1.62 cm2/Vs for an n‐type drive transistor and 0.57 cm2/Vs for a p‐type switch transistor. The gain of the inverter reached 125. Another inverter using Ta2O5 as a high κ gate dielectric performed well with a gain of 500 and an operation voltage of only 5 V.magnified image(© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carbon Fiber Composite Targets for Nuclear Fusion Technology: A Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscope Investigation
Authors: Ghezzi F. , Magni S. , Milani M. , Tatti F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCarbon fiber composite (CFC) targets are investigated by a focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope (FIB/SEM) in a joint project aiming at the development of robust divertors in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). These mockups are exposed to a plasma that simulates the off‐normal thermal loads foreseen for ITER and display a rich, puzzling impact scenario. Morphological elements are identified at the exposed surface and beneath it, and are examined in order to point out the relevant processes involved. Each technique adopted is discussed and evaluated. SCANNING 29: 254–260, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of positive reinforcement conditioning to monitor pregnancy in an unanesthetized snow leopard (Uncia uncia) via transabdominal ultrasound
Authors: Broder Jacqueline M. , MacFadden Annabell J. , Cosens Lindsay M. , Rosenstein Diana S. , Harrison Tara M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractClosely monitoring snow leopard (Uncia uncia) fetal developments via transabdominal ultrasound, with minimal stress to the animal, was the goal of this project. The staff at Potter Park Zoo has used the principles of habituation, desensitization, and positive reinforcement to train a female snow leopard (U. uncia). Ultrasound examinations were preformed on an unanesthetized feline at 63 and 84 days. The animal remained calm and compliant throughout both procedures. Fetuses were observed and measured on both occasions. The absence of anesthesia eliminated components of psychologic and physiologic stress associated with sedation. This was the first recorded instance of transabdominal ultrasound being carried out on an unanesthetized snow leopard. It documents the feasibility of detecting pregnancy and monitoring fetal development via ultrasound. Zoo Biol 27:78–85, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risks Associated with Exposure to Surgical Smoke Plume: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bigony Lorraine 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTELECTROSURGERY, LASER ABLATION, and ultrasonic scalpel dissection create a gaseous by‐product commonly referred to as surgical smoke or plume.SMOKE EVACUATION DEVICES have been shown to be effective in limiting exposure to the noxious odor and potential health hazards of smoke and plume; however, these devices have not been used routinely and consistently in many ORs.THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS FIVE QUANTITATIVE research studies that explore the characteristics of smoke plume produced during surgery and presents the evidence of the need for consistent use of smoke evacuation systems. AORN J 86 (December 2007) 1013‐1020. © AORN, Inc, 2007.
Book Reviews
Authors: Scherffius Jo Ann , Battalora Elizabeth A. , Zuber Jennifer , Davidson‐Wilson Latanya D. , Davis Rebecca J. 
Published: December 2007

Bob Wall 2006, 256 pages. $24.95 hardcoverBrian Tracy 2006, 128 pages$17.95 hardcoverB. Joseph White with Yaron Prywes 2006, 192 pages $21.95 hardcoverDonna Deeprose 2006, 144 pages $13.95 softcoverGerard H. (Gus) Gaynor 2004, 256 pages $17.95 softcover
The Effects of Electronic Documentation in the Ambulatory Surgery Setting
Authors: O'Meara Estela 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTELECTRONIC DOCUMENTATION can improve organizational processes in health care settings and may be of particular benefit to ambulatory surgery centers.A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS) can be integrated with an electronic documentation system. A DSS can identify potential errors and deviations from best practices and provide electronic alerts for health care clinicians to support patient screening and care.BARRIERS TO IMPLEMENTATION of a DSS include practitioner noncompliance with alerts and limitations in system design.NURSES CAN BE INSTRUMENTAL in overcoming the barriers that prevent some clinicians from adopting these useful information systems. AORN J 86 (December 2007) 970–979. © AORN, Inc, 2007.
Human-like control strategy of a bipedal walking model
Authors: Olenšek Andrej , Matjačić Zlatko 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThis paper presents a two-level control strategy for bipedal walking mechanism that accounts for implicit control of push-off on the between-step control level and tracking of imposed holonomic constraints on kinematic variables via feedback control on within-step control level. The proposed control strategy was tested in a biologically inspired model with minimal set of segments that allows evolution of human-like push-off and power absorption. We investigated controller's stability characteristics by using Poincaré return map analysis in eight simulation cases and further evaluated the performance of the biped walking model in terms of how variations in torso position and gait velocity relate to push-off and power absorption. The results show that the proposed control strategy, with the same set of controller's gains, enables stable walking in a variety of chosen gait parameters and can accommodate to various trunk inclinations and gait velocities in a similar way as seen in humans.
Prediction of stress in fillet portion of spur gears using artificial neural networks
Authors: Shunmugam M.S. , Prasad N. Siva 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA fillet curve is provided at the root of the spur gear tooth, as stresses are high in this portion. The fillet curve may be a trochoid or an arc of suitable size as specified by designer. The fillet stress is influenced by the fillet geometry as well as the number of teeth, modules, and the pressure angle of the gear. Because the relationship is nonlinear and complex, an artificial neural network and a backpropagation algorithm are used in the present work to predict the fillet stresses. Training data are obtained from finite element simulations that are greatly reduced using Taguchi's design of experiments. Each simulation takes around 30 min. The 4-5-1 network and a sigmoid activation function are chosen. TRAINLM function is used for training the network with a learning rate parameter of 0.01 and a momentum constant of 0.8. The neural network is able to predict the fillet stresses in 0.03 s with reasonable accuracy for spur gears having 25–125 teeth, a 1–5 mm module, a 0.05–0.45 mm fillet radius, and a 15°–25° pressure angle.
Assisting Practice Development in Africa
Authors: Woodhead Kate 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTFriends of African Nursing (FoAN) is a small UK based charity which has been teaching perioperative nurses in Africa since 2001. Run entirely by volunteers from amongst the UK perioperative community, it aims to leave a sustainable legacy of educational resource to African nurses working in difficult and sometimes impossible conditions without access to continuing education. This article describes the appalling clinical conditions in which the nurses have to work and the educational framework which has been developed by FoAN to support the nurses learning needs and how that is delivered.
A Study into Postoperative Urine Retention in the Recovery Ward
Authors: Olsen Susanne Winther , Nielsen Jette 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTOn the basis of hypothesis from our own practice, a study dealing with postoperative urine retention (PUR) in patients in the recovery ward was completed during 2006 in Odense University Hospital.Three hundred and seven patients took part in the study with a view to monitoring the occurrence of PUR and to identify the relationship between risk factors and the development of PUR. Defining PUR as >300 mL in the bladder with the inability to urinate, the study showed that 28.7% of the patients had PUR at arrival to the recovery ward.The study showed a positive correlation between patients with ascending age, rising anaesthesia duration, regional anaesthesia (RA) and developing PUR.PUR occurred in half of the patients with diabetes and approximately half of the patients treated with ephedrine. Furthermore, the type of surgery had significance, as considerably more patients with plastic and orthopaedic surgery developed PUR. On the other hand, the study showed no correlation between subjective symptoms, e.g. like a strong desire to void, and the occurrence of PUR.The results highlight the necessity for greater attention to screening patients for PUR.
CHANGING SPATIAL RELATIONS IN THE BALTIC REGION AND THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA
Authors: Vihalemm Peeter 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This article presents an analysis of changing spatial relations in the Baltic region from an Estonian viewpoint. Changes in spatial relations during the last decade are indicated by the density of personal contacts, news flows, cultural exchanges and trade relations between Estonia and other countries. The empirical analysis is based on statistical data and survey results. Analysis of media content has been conducted to reveal the level of attention given to different foreign countries. The results show that the structure of mediated spatial relations differs from the social space of practical interactions between people. The spaces of direct economic relations and personal contacts in Estonia are centred on the Baltic Sea, illustrated by the dominant roles of Finland and Sweden, an increasing proximity to other EU countries and the weakening role of Russia. At the same time the mediated social space of Estonia is changing following EU enlargement; from the representation of a bi-polar world dominated by political centres located in Russia and USA towards a multi-centred international space, demonstrated in the growing influence of core EU countries.
THE BIRTH OF A EUROPEAN PUBLIC SPHERE THROUGH EUROPEAN MEDIA REPORTING OF RISK COMMUNICATION
Authors: Neverla Irene 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In this article I argue that journalistic coverage on environmental risk issues can contribute to the emergence of a European public sphere. The transnational character of environmental issues and the need to find political solutions for them on national and transnational levels pose challenges to the journalistic coverage. I examine this by considering three empirical studies, all of which use content analysis as their main methodology. These studies compare the coverage of issues such as biotechnology, air pollution and BSE in European media outlets. My conclusion is that coverage on environmental risk issues in national media, though not synchronous and consensual but rather asynchronous and controversial and stressing the own national point of view, does contribute to the emergence of a European public sphere.
MAPPING NEWS ON CHILDREN IN THE MAINSTREAM PRESS
Authors: Ponte Cristina 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Research on the ways children are presented in the mainstream news media has recently become a focus of attention in Media Studies, stressing news approaches that oscillate between demonizing children and picturing them as a powerful symbol of victimization. Furthermore, children themselves do not make any statements: they are simply not heard. Similarly, there is an emphasis on episodic events, imbued with emotional or moral components. There is also a focus on risk situations, delinquency or parental advice on how to deal with new generations. This contrasts with little attention being paid to economic and social policies based on the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Based on these ambivalences, a longitudinal analysis of Portuguese newspapers (1970–2000) and a comparative analysis of European newspapers during a week in 2000, have been carried out in order to determine what and how they report children and related issues, and what frames have been changed or maintained. Consequently, the article explores the many facets of reporting and the implications for our public life, particularly with regards to children.
EUROCRATS, TECHNOCRATS, AND DEMOCRATS
Authors: Golding Peter 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This article addresses the growing concern about a communication deficit in the European Union, and specifically with the notion that communication technologies may be deployed to overcome existing deficiencies in the dialogue between the union and its citizens. It examines proposed solutions to the deficit, including the notion of a European public sphere, and the creation of ‘e-Europe’ with the increasing digitalisation of many processes and institutions in the hope that this would make them more accessible, accountable, and effective. It argues that these hopes are rooted in myths, both technocratic and bureaucratic, that ignore the persistence of social divisions in media and communications technology use, and in the necessity of universal values as part of the national and parochial experiential of European citizens before it could be expanded to a trans-national level.
A mathematical model of biological resource dynamics, using Caspian/Ural sturgeon as a case study
Authors: Gabbasov Mars B. , Jaichibekov Nurbolat Zh. , Lebedev Daniel V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Gabbasov, M. B., Jaichibekov, N. Zh., and Lebedev, D. V. 2008. A mathematical model of biological resource dynamics, using Caspian/Ural sturgeon as a case study. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 103–110. Some of the general principles involved in constructing mathematical models of biological resource dynamics are presented along with some of the requirements of such models for them to have value in terms of management application. A case study of sturgeon population dynamics in the Caspian Basin, using physical and biological parameters, is used to show theoretically how such a model can be developed and applied. The results of the case study are presented in graphic form, and the influence of different processes on the outcome of the calculation is discussed.
The Figure of Job (Ayyūb) in Modern Arabic Poetry
Authors: Khoury Jeries 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe employment of historical and mythical symbols is one of the most important characteristics of modern Arabic poetry. Many Arab poets have been inspired by historical and mythical characters and made frequent use of them in their poetry. Among these poets is Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb, who makes extensive use of different kinds of figures in his poetry. Among the few such figures to have survived to the latest stage of his poetry is that of "Job" (Ayyūb). This figure is intimately related to al-Sayyāb's own character because of the similarities in their lives. Al-Sayyāb seems to have been inspired by the biblical narration of this story, but he introduced many changes in the figure itself by merging it into his own persona. Al-Sayyāb's use of Job in poetry is so striking that many poets who were affected by his tragic death wrote elegies for him, in which they show the effects on them of al-Sayyāb's life story, poetry and use of Job. Al-Sayyāb in such poems, becomes an intertext himself, one which has inspired numerous other poets.
The Sura of the Poets: "Final Conclusions"?
Authors: Zwettler Michael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn JAL (2004), an article by Professor Irfan Shahīd appeared, defiantly entitled "The Sūra of the Poets, Qur'ān xxvi: Final Conclusions." That article, however, offers neither an analytical study nor an exegetical interpretation of Sura xxvi. Rather, focusing almost exclusively on three of the last four āyas of the sura (224-226), the author presents a diffuse apologia for his view (already advanced in earlier publications) that this sura in general and these āyas in particular must be acknowledged as incontrovertible textual grounds that prove "clearly" the qur'ānic origin of I'jāz al-Qur'ān: the Islamic doctrine upholding the miraculous "literary" (Shahīd's word) inimitability of the language, style, and verbal beauty of the Scripture revealed to God's Messenger, Muhammad. But, apart from failing to deal with Sura xxvi as a whole in an article whose title promises to arrive at " final conclusions" about that sura, Professor Shahīd seems to be guilty in building his case of "playing fast and loose" both with the language of the revealed text itself and with the discourse and opinions of scholars whose writings he consults—whether they be traditional Muslim philologists and mufassirū;n or modern scholarly writers and editors whose views he might deem supportive or with whom he might agree or disagree. I undertake to point out some of the more unsound assumptions, presuppositions, and speculations on which Shahīd's "final conclusions" are based; to correct some of the more cogent linguistic and philological errors and misconceptions which undermine his arguments; and to "set the record straight" regarding precisely what the sources that he cites and refers to did, in fact say. Readers may find it worthwhile to know what, for instance, at-Tabarī, az-Zamaxšarī, and I actually did say, rather than what Professor Shahīd claims we said.
Religion as a Source of Social Change in the New South Africa
Authors: Garner Robert C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the scholarship of recent decades, religion has been accorded little power as a source of social change, either 'from above' (via changes at the macro-level) or 'from below' (at the micro-level). However, as the attention of various disciplines has been drawn to developing societies, an awareness of the potential influence of religion has grown. Based on research in a South African township, conducted after the macro-transition to democratic government, this article explores the social and economic mechanisms at work in a variety of Christian churches. It argues that their capacity to effect social change 'from below' is uneven, and that the most powerful are those which maximise four variables: indoctrination, religious experience, exclusion and socialisation. These variables are often highest in Pentecostalism, and in certain types of AIC. The differential impact of church types on their members is then illustrated with reference to financial, social and cultural behaviour.
Hermeticism and Alchemy: the Case of Ludovigo Lazzarelli
Authors: Crisciani Chiara 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the alchemical interests of Ludovico Lazzarelli (1450-1500) and of some alchemical texts connected with his name, analyzing them within the context of Lazzarelli's Hermetic philosophical position. Beginning with an analysis of the specific relationship between alchemy and Hermeticism expressed by Lazzarelli, this paper proposes for discussion some general hypotheses on the link between alchemy and Hermeticism and between alchemy and magic in the Quattrocento.
The Consilia Attributed To Arnau De Vilanova1
Authors: Giralt Sebastià 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFour of the works attributed to Arnau de Vilanova may be considered consilia, which is the name of the genre of texts that expound medical treatments for illnesses suffered by specific individuals. In this paper, I first address the problem of their authenticity within the framework of the so-called "Arnaldian question". The evidence presented here confirms that Arnau de Vilanova was the author of the Regimen podagre and the Epistola ad Bremundum Montisferrarii, while the question regarding the authorship of the Regimen quartane and the Cura febris ethice remains unresolved. This article furthermore documents the degree to which the actual cures prescribed by the physician in the consilia agreed with the doctrinal works of the Galenic tradition. It is explained how medieval university-trained physician had to compete with other practitioners and how they tried to outrival them by applying the doctrines of learned medicine to the individual cases at hand.
Implicit Carolingian Tidal Data
Authors: Hughes Paul 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTen rotae and tables, contained in Carolingian works for Easter calculation, contain tidal information. The emergence of the terminology associated with these diagrams is explained, notably of the arcane terms malina and Ledon, which would develop into our modern concepts of springs and neaps, and of the term dodrans, first-of-flood. One particular rota, because of its rich illumination, serves most of the offices of an actual tide-table. This article also looks at the difficulty of tracing the transmission of the rotae to the later Middle Ages and the complex scientific knowledge contained in the rota explanations and the commentaries written on them.
Ignatius of Loyola On Medical Education. or: Should Todays Jesuits Continue To Run Health Sciences Schools?
Authors: Welie Jos V.M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThere are at present 28 Jesuit colleges and universities in the United States, which together offer more than 50 health sciences degree programs. But as the Society's membership is shrinking and the financial risks involved in sponsoring health sciences education are rising, the question arises whether the Society should continue to sponsor health sciences degree programs. In fact, at least eight Jesuit health sciences schools have already closed their doors. This paper attempts to contribute to the resolution of this urgent question by reexamining Ignatius' own views on health sciences education and, more specifically, his prohibition of the Society's sponsoring medical education. It concludes on the basis of an historical analysis of Ignatius' views that there is insufficient support for today's ,Jesuits to maintain their engagement in medical and health care education.