bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐speed observation of dynamic delamination failure in tapered composite laminates under tensile loading
Authors: Bozkurt Mirac Onur , Ozen Emine Burcin , Yavuz Burak Ogun , Parnas Levend , Coker Demirkan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents high‐fidelity observations of the time evolution of unstable delamination growth in tapered composite beams under tensile loading via ultra‐high‐speed camera in conjunction with digital image correlation. Asymmetrically tapered GFRP laminates, with a thickness drop from 18 plies to 12 plies, are manufactured in three different layup configurations with grouped drop‐offs: [06/(02)3/06], [06/06/06], and [06/(±45)3/06]. Beam specimens are subjected to quasi‐static tensile loading in a servo‐hydraulic axial testing machine, and the damage evolution on one edge of the tapered beam is monitored in situ at 124,000 fps with a high‐speed camera (HSC). In selected tests, digital image correlation (DIC) analyses are conducted either on the edge or on the tapered surface to obtain the full‐field strain and elucidate failure mechanisms. Real‐time HSC observations of the damage sequence consistently affirm that the initial failure mechanism is a transverse crack at the nearest drop‐off to the thin section, which is followed by delaminations at interfaces of sublaminates. Unstable delamination growth is characterized by measurements of lower bounds of crack tip speeds. The unique crack speed data provide evidence for the existing effect of through‐the‐thickness stresses on delamination growth. The detailed sequence and patterns of dynamic failure presented in this paper can serve as a benchmark to validate damage models used in simulations of tapered laminates.Highlights
The sequence of unstable delamination growth in tapered GFRP beams is investigated experimentally.
Characterized unstable delamination growth based on crack tip speed measurements.
Strain fields are evaluated along beam edges using DIC in real‐time.
In‐situ observations of dynamic failure can serve as a benchmark to validate damage models.
Processing of reactive Ni−Al powders via the LabRAM**
Authors: Jerke Madilyn R. , Crawford Grant A. , Groven Lori J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReactive Ni−Al materials have been developed using a variety of methods, with high energy ball milling (HEBM) being one of the most common means for tailoring reaction behavior. Powder production limitations associated with HEBM, including the addition of process control agents, have inspired the exploration of an alternate manufacturing technique: acoustic dry milling with the Resodyn Laboratory Resonant Acoustic Mixer (LabRAM). The influence of acoustic milling time, intensity, and media size with respect to microstructure and reactive behavior of Ni−Al powders were evaluated in this work. After just 20 min of milling, a reactive composite Ni−Al microstructure was produced. Milling intensity and media size were directly proportional to the formation of more homogeneous composite powders. The reaction onset temperature was decreased to 446 °C, or ≈200 °C lower than that of unprocessed material. The method shows promise for the production of reactive powder for a host of applications.
An orthotopic prostate cancer model for new treatment development using syngeneic or patient‐derived tumors
Authors: Chaudary Naz , Wiljer E. , Foltz Warren , Thapa Pratibha , Hill Richard P. , Milosevic Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer models due to the technical complexity of surgical engraftment and tracking the tumor growth in the mouse prostate gland. Orthotopic xenografts recapitulate the tumor microenvironment, tumor stromal interactions, and clinical behavior to a greater extent than xenografts grown at subcutaneous or intramuscular sites.MethodsThis study describes a novel micro‐surgical technique for orthotopically implanting intact tumors pieces from cell line derived (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate [TRAMP]‐C2) or patient derived (neuroendocrine prostate cancer [NEPC]) tumors in the mouse prostate gland and monitoring tumor growth using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.ResultsThe TRAMP‐C2 tumors grew rapidly to a predetermined endpoint size of 10 mm within 3 weeks, whereas the NEPC tumors grew at a slower rate over 7 weeks. The tumors were readily detected by MR and confidently identified when they were approximately 2–3 mm in size. The tumors were less well‐defined on CT. The TRAMP‐C2 tumors were characterized by amorphous sheets of poorly differentiated cells similar to a high‐grade prostatic adenocarcinoma and frequent macroscopic peritoneal and lymph node metastases. In contrast, the NEPC's displayed a neuroendocrine morphology with polygonal cells arranged in nests and solid sheets and high count. There was a local invasion of the bladder and other adjacent tissues but no identifiable metastases. The TRAMP‐C2 tumors were more hypoxic than the NEPC tumors.ConclusionsThis novel preclinical orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model is suitable for either syngeneic or patient derived tumors and will be effective in developing and advancing the current selection of treatments for patients with prostate cancer.
Co‐targeting SKP2 and KDM5B inhibits prostate cancer progression by abrogating AKT signaling with induction of senescence and apoptosis
Authors: Brown LaKendria K. , Kanagasabai Thanigaivelan , Li Guoliang , Celada Sherly I. , Rumph Jelonia T. , Adunyah Samuel E. , Stewart LaMonica V. , Chen Zhenbang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the second‐leading cause of cancer mortalities in the United States and is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first‐line treatment option to initial responses, most PCa patients invariably develop castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). Therefore, novel and effective treatment strategies are needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of the combination of two small molecule inhibitors, SZL‐P1‐41 (SKP2 inhibitor) and PBIT (KDM5B inhibitor), on PCa suppression and to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsHuman CRPC cell lines, C4‐2B and PC3 cells, were treated with small molecular inhibitors alone or in combination, to assess effects on cell proliferation, migration, senescence, and apoptosis.ResultsSKP2 and KDM5B showed an inverse regulation at the translational level in PCa cells. Cells deficient in SKP2 showed an increase in KDM5B protein level, compared to that in cells expressing SKP2. By contrast, cells deficient in KDM5B showed an increase in SKP2 protein level, compared to that in cells with KDM5B intact. The stability of SKP2 protein was prolonged in KDM5B depleted cells as measured by cycloheximide chase assay. Cells deficient in KDM5B were more vulnerable to SKP2 inhibition, showing a twofold greater reduction in proliferation compared to cells with KDM5B intact (p < 0.05). More importantly, combined inhibition of KDM5B and SKP2 significantly decreased proliferation and migration of PCa cells as compared to untreated controls (p < 0.005). Mechanistically, combined inhibition of KDM5B and SKP2 in PCa cells abrogated AKT activation, resulting in an induction of both cellular senescence and apoptosis, which was measured via Western blot analysis and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) staining.ConclusionsCombined inhibition of KDM5B and SKP2 was more effective at inhibiting proliferation and migration of CRPC cells, and this regimen would be an ideal therapeutic approach of controlling CRPC malignancy.
(18)F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by positron emission tomography in patients with IPAH and CTEPH
Authors: Sumer Celik , Okumus Gulfer , Isik Emine Goknur , Turkmen Cuneyt , Bilge Ahmet Kaya , Inanc Murat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is driven by pathologies associated with increased metabolism such as pulmonary revascularization, vasoconstriction and smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary artery wall. 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG‐PET) is an imaging technique sensitive to glucose metabolism and might be considered as a non‐invasive method for diagnosis due to significant role of inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension (IPAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The present study aimed to investigate the role of PET/CT imaging of patients with IPAH and CTEPH as an alternative diagnosis method. Demographic characteristics, FDG uptake in lungs, pulmonary artery and right ventricle (RV) of 17 patients (10 IPAH, 7 CTEPH), and 30 controls were evaluated. PET scanning, 6‐min walk test, pro‐BNP level, right heart catheterization of patients were performed both at the onsert and after 6‐month PAH specific treatment. IPAH and CTEPH patients had significantly higher left lung FDG (p = 0.006), right lung FDG (p = 0.004), right atrial (RA) FDG (p < 0.001) and RV FDG (p < 0.001) uptakes than controls. Positive correlation was detected between the RV FDG uptake and the mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r = 0.7, p = 0.012) and between the RA FDG uptake and the right atrial pressure (RAP) (r = 0.5, p = 0.02). Increased RV FDG and RA FDG uptakes predicts the presence of pulmonary hypertension and correlates with mPAP and RAP, respectively, which are important indicators in the prognosis of PAH. Further studies are required whether FDG PET imaging can be used to diagnose or predict the prognosis of pulmonary hypertension.
The g‐ZnO/Hf2CO2 vdW heterostructure: A novel two‐dimensional material for sunlight‐driven photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Miao Feng , Zhao Jianling , Li Huiran , Li Junyu , Feng Shiquan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, by first‐principles calculations, we investigate the structural, photoelectric, and catalytic properties of g‐ZnO/Hf2CO2 vdW heterostructures to explore highly efficient photocatalysts of water splitting. Results show that the AA‐stacking g‐ZnO/Hf2CO2 vdW heterostructure (AA‐HS) with an indirect bandgap of 1.738 eV has a typical type‐II band alignment, which is benefit to effectively separate the photogenerated carriers into different layers and prevent their recombination. The conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum (VBM) of AA‐HS straddling the water redox potentials makes it satisfies the requirements of photocatalytic water splitting at pH = 7. In addition, to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of AA‐HS during oxidation evolution reaction (OER) process in water splitting, we calculated the change of Gibbs free energies of the intermediates on heterostructure under different conditions. Results show the Gibbs free energy decreases continuously at pH = 7 and U = 1.93 V. What's more, the AA‐HS has good sunlight‐absorption ability. External biaxial strain is not conducive to improving catalytic performance of AA‐HS.
Recurrence of sarcoidosis accompanied by lung cancer after drug‐induced pulmonary sarcoidosis with lung injury
Authors: Suzuki Kentaro , Kai Yoshiro , Kataoka Ryosuke , Takeda Maiko , Muro Shigeo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease that is frequently localized in the lungs and lymph nodes. We herein report a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis secondary to shin'iseihaito administration. During remission with 5 mg prednisolone/day of maintenance treatment, chest computed tomography revealed a mass in the left lower lobe with re‐enlarged bilateral hilar/mediastinal lymph nodes. Transbronchial lung biopsy of the mass and endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes revealed adenocarcinoma and noncaseating granulomas, respectively. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis recurrence associated with lung cancer without cancer metastasis. We present the case of sarcoidosis recurrence associated with lung cancer after drug‐induced pulmonary sarcoidosis with lung injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sarcoidosis triggered by drug administration and lung cancer. Histological diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with lung cancer is essential for differentiating metastasis from sarcoidosis.
Coral‐inspired anti‐biofilm therapeutic abutments as a new paradigm for prevention and treatment of peri‐implant infection
Authors: Li Weiran , Huang Zhike , Li Xin , Zhang Mengqi , Li Qianqian , Luo Shulu , Li Yan , Wu Dingcai , Wu Shuyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeri‐implant infection is one of the major causes for implant failure. The transmucosal/transcutaneous surface of implant abutment is directly connected to the external environment and constantly exposed to a large number of bacteria. Establishing a robust anti‐biofilm barrier at the abutment surface to minimize the risk of peri‐implant infection is highly desirable in the field of dental implantology but remains challenging. Herein, a new class of therapeutic abutments featuring excellent anti‐biofilm performance is developed, which is achieved by admirably integrating the outstanding self‐cleaning property of polyethylene glycol and the long‐lasting renewable antibacterial property of N‐halamine. Through a comprehensive series of in vitro and in vivo experiments closely mimicking clinical conditions, therapeutic abutments have been successfully demonstrated to possess the ability of inhibiting biofilm accumulation to prevent peri‐implant infection, as well as to achieve persistent and accurate administration to reverse early‐stage peri‐implant infection. Furthermore, the therapeutic abutment could be repeatedly used, representing the characteristic of sustainable medical devices. These findings indicate a new paradigm for the prevention and treatment of peri‐implant infection.
Stronger Coupling of Quantum Dots in Hole Transport Layer Through Intermediate Ligand Exchange to Enhance the Efficiency of PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Yuyao , Ding Chao , Shi Guozheng , Bi Huan , Li Yusheng , Li Hua , Liu Dong , Yang Yongge , Wang Dandan , Chen Shikai , Wang Ruixiang , Hayase Shuzi , Masuda Taizo , Shen Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, the extensively used lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dot (QD) hole transport layer (HTL) relies on layer‐by‐layer method to replace long chain oleic acid (OA) ligands with short 1,2‐ethanedithiol (EDT) ligands for preparation. However, the inevitable significant volume shrinkage caused by this traditional method will result in undesired cracks and disordered QD arrangement in the film, along with adverse increased defect density and inhomogeneous energy landscape. To solve the problem, a novel method for EDT passivated PbS QD (PbS‐EDT) HTL preparation using small‐sized benzoic acid (BA) as intermediate ligands is proposed in this work. BA is substituted for OA ligands in solution followed by ligand exchange with EDT layer by layer. With the new method, smoother PbS‐EDT films with more ordered and closer QD packing are gained. It is demonstrated stronger coupling between QDs and reduced defects in the QD HTL owing to the intermediate BA ligand exchange. As a result, the suppressed nonradiative recombination and enhanced carrier mobility are achieved, contributing to ≈20% growth in short circuit current density (Jsc) and a 23.4% higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2%. This work provides a general framework for layer‐by‐layer QD film manufacturing optimization.
Highly Multiplexing, Throughput and Efficient Single‐Cell Protein Analysis with Digital Microfluidics
Authors: Cai Linfeng , Lin Li , Lin Shiyan , Wang Xuanqun , Chen Yingwen , Zhu Huanghuang , Zhu Zhi , Yang Liu , Xu Xing , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProteins as crucial components of cells are responsible for the majority of cellular processes. Sensitive and efficient protein detection enables a more accurate and comprehensive investigation of cellular phenotypes and life activities. Here, a protein sequencing method with high multiplexing, high throughput, high cell utilization, and integration based on digital microfluidics (DMF‐Protein‐seq) is proposed, which transforms protein information into DNA sequencing readout via DNA‐tagged antibodies and labels single cells with unique cell barcodes. In a 184‐electrode DMF‐Protein‐seq system, ≈1800 cells are simultaneously detected per experimental run. The digital microfluidics device harnessing low‐adsorbed hydrophobic surface and contaminants‐isolated reaction space supports high cell utilization (>90%) and high mapping reads (>90%) with the input cells ranging from 140 to 2000. This system leverages split&pool strategy on the DMF chip for the first time to overcome DMF platform restriction in cell analysis throughput and replace the traditionally tedious bench‐top combinatorial barcoding. With the benefits of high efficiency and sensitivity in protein analysis, the system offers great potential for cell classification and drug monitoring based on protein expression at the single‐cell level.
Cysteine‐Based Dynamic Self‐Assembly and Their Importance in the Origins of Life
Authors: Kuila Soumen , Nanda Jayanta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe knowledge regarding the origins of life from inanimate materials is still elusive. It was proposed that biological building blocks evolved from the inorganic substances present in the early earth conditions. However, the process by which chemistry can be converted into biology has not yet been achieved in the laboratory. The artificial system in the out‐of‐equilibrium state must maintain a few critical features of life, like compartmentalization, metabolism, and replication, to be considered alive. In this direction, working with cysteine (Cys)‐based molecules is strategic to understand the life evolution process. The presence of the sulphydryl (−SH) group in the Cys‐residue can build a dynamic equilibrium state through disulfide redox chemistry under the proper guidance of oxidizing and reducing agents. In this review article, our primary focus is to discuss the Cys‐containing short‐peptide‐based self‐assembly and disassembly processes. The formation of disulfide bonds sometimes helps in the self‐assembly process and gelation, but the reverse is also true in some cases. In the later part of this article, we cover the fact that these sulphydryl‐based systems have shown their adaptability to mimic different life‐essential criteria to participate in Darwinian evolution.
What Future for Kanak Languages? Size and Geographic Distribution
Authors: Leblic Isabelle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNew Caledonia has 28 Kanak languages in addition to the languages brought by colonial immigration. There is remarkable linguistic diversity, and the recognition of Kanak languages has always been central to independence claims. Since the mid-2000s, about ten of them have been taught from primary school to university (about ten of them are taught as options in primary schools and only four in universities), and it is important to ask what future Kanak languages have among today’s younger generations. The heavy impact of the colonial system, and the Nouméa Accord of 1998, means questions of language are still relevant today. Kanak languages and cultures are at the centre of the decolonisation process.
Indigenous Rights or National Independence: Paths of Self-Determination in New Caledonia
Authors: Gagné Natacha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn New Caledonia, national independence is still on the agenda, but the “Indigenous strategy” – which relates to the global Indigenous movement and UN norms regarding Indigenous rights – is also being explored with a view to furthering decolonisation. The latter is, however, relatively new in the struggle to regain sovereignty and occupies a marginal place in the political field of this French territory. This chapter seeks to explain why arguing for the particular colonial situation of the territory and the demography of the Indigenous population has led them to pursue dual strategies towards self-determination.
“Fortunately, I Have My Field”: Changes and Permanencies in Kanak Family Farming
Authors: Bouard Séverine , Apithy Leïla , Guyard Stéphane , Sourisseau Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine the main transformations that have marked Kanak family farming and describe in particular the ways that monetarisation and globalisation have influenced Kanak custom. First, we briefly recall the historical foundations of Kanak family farming. We then describe the transformations that have swept through it: changes in the functions associated with Kanak family farming, the magnitude, the technical evolutions and the methods of deriving value from products obtained from agricultural activities, hunting and fishing, embedded in wider relationships of exchange and territorial anchoring. We go on to explore the sustainability of the non-commercial dimension of these activities. We conclude with lessons we can learn from the practice of family farming in order to think about its place and its contribution to the rural New Caledonian world and more broadly in future economic models.
Evidence for cryptic molting behavior in the trilobite Toxochasmops vormsiensis from the Upper Ordovician Katian Kõrgessaare Formation, Estonia
Authors: Bicknell Russell D. C. , Vargas-Parra Ernesto E. , Landman Neil H. , Pärnaste Helje 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDocumentation of cryptic trilobite behavior has presented important insights into the paleoecology of this fully extinct arthropod group. One such example is the preservation of trilobites inside the remains of larger animals. To date, evidence for trilobites within cephalopods, gastropods, hyoliths, and other trilobites has been presented. Importantly, most of these interactions show trilobite molts, suggesting that trilobites used larger animals for protection during molting. To expand the record of molted trilobites within cephalopods, we present a unique case of a Toxochasmops vormsiensis trilobite within the body chamber of a Gorbyoceras textumaraneum nautiloid from the Upper Ordovician Kõrgessaare Formation of Estonia. By examining this material, we present new insights into the ecology of pterygometopid trilobites, highlighting how these forms used large cephalopods as areas to successfully molt.
Tailoring surface roughness through the temporal variation of additive manufacturing process parameters
Authors: Hawthorn Barnaby , Mummery Ailsa , Mahmoodi Nasim , Farhan Khan Muhammad , Triantaphyllou Andrew , Dyson Rosemary J. , Thomas-Seale Lauren E. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe benefits that additive manufacturing (AM) offers to the industry are generally well understood and appreciated. However, the current design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) methodologies and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) packages neglect to exploit the full potential that AM can offer through its unique ability to vary material characteristics whilst the final component geometry is being formed. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that additional design control can be gained through temporal DfAM (TDfAM). In this study, the ability to tailor the surface roughness of fused deposition modelling (FDM) AM polylactic acid (PLA) parts through the variation of two process parameters, nozzle temperature and print speed, is explored. The underpinning hypothesis is that variation of temperature and printing speed, can provide a significant change of surface roughness within one homogeneous part. This research demonstrated that nozzle temperature and print speed have a statistically significant effect on the surface roughness of the top and side surfaces. By increasing temperature and speed, the roughness of the side surfaces decreased and the roughness of the top surface increased. Furthermore, the in-silico implementation of TDfAM is demonstrated. As such, the research supports the hypothesis that TDfAM can enable additional control over the surface characteristics of a homogeneous part.