bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Virtual Reality Practice and Music on Patients’ Pain, Comfort, and Vital Signs After Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Okutan Şerafettin , Saritaş Serdar 
Published: March 2024

Aim:
This research was conducted to identify the effect of virtual reality and music on patients’ pain, comfort, and vital signs after laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Methods:
This study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled single-blind clinical trial. The research population consisted of adult patients who underwent laparoscopic abdominal surgery in surgery clinics. The research sample comprised 225 patients who had laparoscopic abdominal surgery. Experimental groups watched virtual reality videos and listened to music, whereas no intervention was administered to the control group. The research data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, the χ2 test, the Friedman test, the one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Tukey’s and Dunn’s post hoc tests.

Findings:
In the post-test phase after the 2 interventions, the virtual reality and music groups had lower pain and comfort levels than the control group, and this intergroup difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Results for vital signs in successively repeated post-test measurements after interventions were in general different, and these differences were statistically significant. Patients in the virtual reality group generally had higher pulse rate, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature values in successively repeated post-test measurements than patients in other groups (P<0.05). Patients in the control group generally had higher systolic blood pressure and saturation values in successively repeated post-test measurements than patients in other groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
It was discerned that music and the virtual reality practice reduced patients’ pain and comfort levels and had positive effects on their vital signs after laparoscopic abdominal surgery.
Advancing CAR T-Cell Therapy: Simultaneously Attack Tumor and Immunosuppressive Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Luo Yan , Garavito Emiliano Sanchez , Brooks Mieu M. , Gadd Martha E. , Qie Yaqing , Navas Maria J. Ulloa , Hundal Tanya , Li Shuhua , Lopez Andrea Otamendi , Jones Vanessa K. , Lou Yanyan , Patel Tushar , Dronca Roxana , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Dong Haidong , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Qin Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has encountered limited success in solid tumors. The lack of dependable antigens and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are major challenges. Within the TME, tumor cells along with immunosuppressive cells employ an immune-evasion mechanism that upregulates programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to deactivate effector T cells; this makes PD-L1 a reliable, universal target for solid tumors. We developed a novel PD-L1 CAR (MC9999) using our humanized anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, designed to simultaneously target tumor and immunosuppressive cells. The antigen-specific antitumor effects of MC9999 CAR T-cells were observed consistently across four solid tumor models: breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Notably, intravenous administration of MC9999 CAR T-cells eradicated intracranially established LN229 GBM tumors, suggesting penetration of the blood-brain barrier. The proof-of-concept data demonstrate the cytolytic effect of MC9999 CAR T-cells against immunosuppressive cells, including microglia HMC3 cells and M2 macrophages. Furthermore, MC9999 CAR T-cells elicited cytotoxicity against primary tumor-associated macrophages within GBM tumors. The concept of targeting both tumor and immunosuppressive cells with MC9999 was further validated using CAR T-cells derived from cancer patients. These findings establish MC9999 as a foundation for the development of effective CAR T-cell therapies against solid tumors.
Exaptation and de novo mutations transcend cryptic variations as drivers of adaptation in yeast
Authors: Routh Shreya , Lindsay Richard J. , Gudelj Ivana , Dhar Riddhiman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany organisms live in predictable environments with periodic variation in growth condition which can allow populations to accumulate cryptic genetic variations. Cryptic variations can facilitate adaptation to new environments, as observed in evolution experiments with a ribozyme and a protein. Whether the same holds for cell populations remains unclear. Alternatively, living in a near-constant condition can lead to loss of nonessential cellular functions, which could be maladaptive in new environments. Through laboratory evolution experiments in yeast, we show that populations grown in a predictable nutrient-rich environment for 1000 generations start to lose their ability to respond and adapt to new stressful environments. Growth of yeast populations in the nutrient-rich environment was associated with modest fitness increase in this environment, metabolic remodeling, and increased lipid accumulation. In novel stressful environments, however, these populations generally had reduced fitness, except in salt-stress where lipid accumulation seemed to provide osmotic protection. We further found that adaptation to stressors was primarily driven by de novo mutations, with very little contribution from the mutations accumulated prior to the exposure to stressors. Thus, our work suggests that in the absence of occurrence of new environments, natural populations might not accumulate cryptic variations that could be beneficial for adaptation to these environments. In addition, presence of selection in predictable condition in natural populations may purge away some of the cryptic variations. Taken together, these findings raise questions about persistence of cryptic variations in natural populations and their importance in evolutionary adaptation.
A Novel AI-based Score for Assessing the Prognostic Value of Intra-Epithelial Lymphocytes in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Shephard Adam J , Mahmood Hanya , Raza Shan E Ahmed , Khurram Syed Ali , Rajpoot Nasir M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOral epithelial dysplasia (OED) poses a significant clinical challenge due to its potential for malignant transformation and the lack of reliable prognostic markers. Current grading systems for OED may not be reliable for prediction of malignant transformation and suffer from considerable inter- and intra-rater variability, potentially leading to suboptimal treatment decisions. Recent studies have highlighted the potential prognostic significance of peri-epithelial lymphocytes (PELs) in malignant transformation, with suggestions that intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) may also play a role. In this study, we propose a novel artificial intelligence (AI) based IEL score from Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained Whole Slide Images (WSIs) of OED tissue slides. We further determine the prognostic value of our IEL score on a large digital dataset of 219 OED WSIs (acquired using three different scanners), compared to pathologist-led clinical grading. Notably, despite IELs not being incorporated into the current WHO grading system for OED, our findings suggest that IEL scores carry significant prognostic value that were shown to further improve both the Binary/WHO grading systems in multivariate analyses. This underscores the potential importance of IELs, and by extension our IEL score, as prognostic indicators in OED. Further validation through prospective multi-centric studies is warranted to confirm the clinical utility of the proposed IEL score and its integration into existing grading systems for OED.Conflict of Interest StatementsNMR is the co-founder, CEO and CSO of Histofy Ltd., UK. He is also the GSK Chair of Computational Pathology and is in receipt of research funding from GSK and AstraZeneca.SAK is a shareholder of Histofy Ltd.All other authors have no competing interests to declare.
First Results from a Broadband Search for Dark Photon Dark Matter in the 44 to
52  μeV
Range with a Coaxial Dish Antenna
Authors: Knirck Stefan , Hoshino Gabe , Awida Mohamed H. , Cancelo Gustavo I. , Di Federico Martin , Knepper Benjamin , Lapuente Alex , Littmann Mira , Miller David W. , Mitchell Donald V. , Rodriguez Derrick , Ruschman Mark K. , Sawtell Matthew A. , Stefanazzi Leandro , Sonnenschein Andrew , Teafoe Gary W. , Bowring Daniel , Carosi G. , Chou Aaron , Chang Clarence L. , Dona Kristin , Khatiwada Rakshya , Kurinsky Noah A. , Liu Jesse , Pena Cristián , Salemi Chiara P. , Wang Christina W. , Yu Jialin ,   BREAD Collaboration
Published: March 2024

We present first results from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from 44 to 52  μeV (10.7–12.5 GHz) using a room-temperature dish antenna setup called GigaBREAD. Dark photon dark matter converts to ordinary photons on a cylindrical metallic emission surface with area 0.5  m2 and is focused by a novel parabolic reflector onto a horn antenna. Signals are read out with a low-noise receiver system. A first data taking run with 24 days of data does not show evidence for dark photon dark matter in this mass range, excluding dark photon photon mixing parameters χ≳10−12 in this range at 90% confidence level. This surpasses existing constraints by about 2 orders of magnitude and is the most stringent bound on dark photons in this range below 49  μeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Viewing electromagnetic scattering characteristics on air-brake of a stealth plane
Authors: Zhou Zeyang , Huang Jun 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aims to learn the dynamic radar cross-section (RCS) of a deflection air brake.

Design/methodology/approach
The aircraft model with delta wing, V-shaped tail and blended wing body is designed, and high-precision unstructured grid technology is used to deal with the surface of air brake and fuselage. The calculation method based on multiple tracking and dynamic scattering is presented to calculate RCS.

Findings
The fuselage has a low scattering level, and the opening air brake will bring obvious dynamic RCS effects to itself and the whole machine. The average indicator of air brake RCS can be lower than –0.6 dBm2 under the tail azimuth, while that of forward and lateral direction is lower. The mean RCS of fuselage is obviously higher than that of air brake, while the deflected air brake and its cabin can still provide strong scattering sources at some azimuths. When the air brake is opening, the change amplitude of the aircraft forward RCS can exceed 19.81 dBm2.

Practical implications
This research has practical significance for the dynamic electromagnetic scattering analysis and stealth design of the air brake.

Originality/value
The calculation method for aircraft RCS considering air brake dynamic deflection has been established.
Understanding careers as translations: the importance of Bruno Latour for the study of careers
Authors: Van den Abeele Hannelore Ottilie 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis paper argues that Bruno Latour’s work on translation provides an alternative to dominant anthropocentric, individualistic and managerial approaches in career studies by considering careers as precarious effects of networks instead of the implicit assumption of individual strategic career actors in extant career research paradigms.Design/methodology/approachThe article first compares the three main current approaches to studying careers – structural functionalist, interpretivist and critical – illustrated by three exemplary empirical studies. Subsequently, three concepts from the sociology of translation that are relevant for the study of careers are introduced: career making as translating interests, careers as effects of networks and career action as dislocated and overtaken. Taken together, these three concepts allow us to conceive of careers as practices performed by human and nonhuman actors. Finally, an example from an ethnographic case study in the field of contemporary art illustrates how a Latourian approach can be used.FindingsLatour’s work on translation provides conceptual and methodological tools to investigate career processes and practices in an era of unpredictability.Originality/valueThe paper introduces Bruno Latour’s work on translation to the study of careers.
Deep learning assisted fabrication of metallic components using the robotic wire arc additive manufacturing
Authors: Zheng Pingyang , Han Shaohua , Xue Dingqi , Fu Ling , Jiang Bifeng 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Because of the advantages of high deposition efficiency and low manufacturing cost compared with other additive technologies, robotic wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology has been widely applied for fabricating medium- to large-scale metallic components. The additive manufacturing (AM) method is a relatively complex process, which involves the workpiece modeling, conversion of the model file, slicing, path planning and so on. Then the structure is formed by the accumulated weld bead. However, the poor forming accuracy of WAAM usually leads to severe dimensional deviation between the as-built and the predesigned structures. This paper aims to propose a visual sensing technology and deep learning–assisted WAAM method for fabricating metallic structure, to simplify the complex WAAM process and improve the forming accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach
Instead of slicing of the workpiece modeling and generating all the welding torch paths in advance of the fabricating process, this method is carried out by adding the feature point regression branch into the Yolov5 algorithm, to detect the feature point from the images of the as-built structure. The coordinates of the feature points of each deposition layer can be calculated automatically. Then the welding torch trajectory for the next deposition layer is generated based on the position of feature point.

Findings
The mean average precision score of modified YOLOv5 detector is 99.5%. Two types of overhanging structures have been fabricated by the proposed method. The center contour error between the actual and theoretical is 0.56 and 0.27 mm in width direction, and 0.43 and 0.23 mm in height direction, respectively.

Originality/value
The fabrication of circular overhanging structures without using the complicate slicing strategy, turning table or other extra support verified the possibility of the robotic WAAM system with deep learning technology.
Funding of Public Service Media in Germany
Authors: Sehl Annika 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the current state of public service media (PSM) funding in Germany, which is primarily supported by a household levy, supplemented by advertising, sponsorship and so‐called ‘other income’. Germany is an interesting case owing to the complexities and challenges associated with funding PSM in a country with a federal structure. As such, insights into PSM funding in Germany and the debates surrounding it can benefit not only academics, but also policy makers, media professionals and others with an interest in PSM funding.
The Governance of the BBC
Authors: Coyle Diane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe governance of the BBC has been a subject of political debate for the past two decades, which have brought two major upheavals in the corporation's governance structure. Yet, governance reform was not the best way to address the editorial and cultural crises that led to demands for change; and the current model is not adequate to protect licence fee payers’ interests and the BBC's independence, particularly in the context of continuing ideological assaults on public service broadcasting.
Extensive and deep granulomatous ulcers as an atypical manifestation of cartilage‐hair hypoplasia syndrome: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Rozas‐Muñoz Eduardo , Blamey‐Diaz Rodrigo , Gallardo‐Olivos Ana Maria , Jerez Javiera , Madariaga Juan‐Andres 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCartilage hypoplasia syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by short stature, hypoplastic hair and a variable degree of immunodeficiency. Noninfectious cutaneous granulomas represent an uncommon yet well‐recognized manifestation within the spectrum of primary immunodeficiency diseases. However, cutaneous granulomas as a manifestation of cartilage‐hair hypoplasia syndrome, are extremely rare. We present a case of a middle‐aged man with cartilage hypoplasia syndrome featuring cutaneous granulomas, manifesting as chronic, extensive and deep cutaneous ulcers. The patient was treated with anti‐TNF‐alpha adalimumab with partial improvement. Our case underscores the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with cartilage hypoplasia syndrome and adds new evidence to the potential therapeutic efficacy of anti‐TNF‐alpha drugs in its treatment.
Complex patch geometries maximize species richness at the expense of forest specialists
Authors: Clements Stephanie L. , Alpízar Dunia Villalobos , Searcy Christopher A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation are the greatest threats to reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna) around the globe, but especially in the Neotropics where high diversity and ongoing land‐use change coincide. Persistence of biodiversity in fragmented systems relies both on characteristics of habitat patches, and on the permeability of the landscape that separates the patches (the “matrix”). We sought to understand: (a) how the herpetofauna community differs between forest reserves, patches, corridors, and matrices, and (b) the landscape characteristics that increase suitability of a habitat patch. We conducted herpetofauna surveys in patches, corridors, matrices, and preserves (54 total sites) in a fragmented landscape in Costa Rica for three seasons. We recorded 1663 individuals of 52 species. We found that the herpetofauna community differed, and had lower richness and abundance, in the matrix compared to the other three habitat types. Patches and corridors supported a similar community to the forest preserves, demonstrating the conservation value of small forest remnants. Water body presence was an important predictor of richness and abundance in both patches and matrices. While total richness increased in patches with more edge, this was driven by the response of generalist species, whereas the prime indicator species of forest preserves decreased in patches with complex shapes. The differing response to landscape characteristics between specialist and generalist species demonstrates the importance of considering specific taxa when setting conservation goals, rather than using richness measures alone. Our findings can help guide preservation of forest fragments to optimize biodiversity conservation in mixed forest‐pastoral landscapes.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
“You gotta tell the camera”: Advancing children's engineering learning opportunities through tinkering and digital storytelling
Authors: Pagano Lauren C. , George Riley E. , Uttal David H. , Haden Catherine A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study addressed whether combining tinkering with digital storytelling (i.e., narrating and reflecting about experiences to an imagined audience) can engender engineering learning opportunities. Eighty‐four families with 5‐ to 10‐year‐old (M = 7.69) children (48% female children; 57% White, 11% Asian, 6% Black) watched a video introducing a tinkering activity and were randomly assigned either to a digital storytelling condition or a no digital storytelling condition during tinkering. After tinkering, families reflected on their tinkering experience and were randomly assigned to either engage in digital storytelling or not. Children in the digital storytelling condition during tinkering spoke most to an imagined audience during tinkering, talked most about engineering at reflection, and remembered the most information about the experience weeks later.
BRCC3 mediates inflammation and pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the NLRP6 inflammasome
Authors: Huang Xiaohuan , Tan Junyi , Ji Yanyan , Luo Jing , Zhao Yong , Zhao Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsNeuroinflammation and pyroptosis are key mediators of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury‐induced pathogenic cascades. BRCC3, the human homolog of BRCC36, is implicated in neurological disorders and plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and pyroptosis. However, its effects and potential mechanisms in cerebral I/R injury in mice are unclear.MethodsCellular localization of BRCC3 and the interaction between BRCC3 and NLRP6 were assessed. Middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) and oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) models were established in mice and HT22 cells, respectively, to simulate cerebral I/R injury in vivo and in vitro.ResultsBRCC3 protein expression peaked 24 h after MCAO and OGD/R. BRCC3 knockdown reduced the inflammation and pyroptosis caused by cerebral I/R injury and ameliorated neurological deficits in mice after MCAO. The effects of BRCC3 on inflammation and pyroptosis may be mediated by NLRP6 inflammasome activation. Moreover, both BRCC3 and its N‐ and C‐terminals interacted with NLRP6, and both BRCC3 and its terminals reduced NLRP6 ubiquitination. Additionally, BRCC3 affected the interaction between NLRP6 and ASC, which may be related to inflammasome activation.ConclusionBRCC3 shows promise as a novel target to enhance neurological recovery and attenuate the inflammatory responses and pyroptosis caused by NLRP6 activation in cerebral I/R injury.
Drivers of flight altitude during nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and implications for offshore wind energy
Authors: Bradarić Maja , Kranstauber Bart , Bouten Willem , van Gasteren Hans , Baranes Judy Shamoun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEach year, millions of birds migrate nocturnally over the North Sea basin, an area designated for significant offshore wind energy development. Wind turbines can harm aerial wildlife through collisions and barrier effects, especially when birds fly at low altitudes below the wind turbine rotor tip. We aim to quantify seasonal and nightly differences in flight altitudes of nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and identify how weather influences low‐altitude flight to inform wind turbine curtailment procedures for reducing bird fatalities. We used bird tracking radars at Borssele and Luchterduinen offshore wind parks, 22 and 23 km from the western Dutch coast, to monitor altitude distributions during migration. We show that median flight altitude was higher in spring compared to autumn at Borssele (spring: 285.5 m, autumn: 169.2 m; p < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.0001) and Luchterduinen (spring: 133.8 m, autumn: 126.0 m; p < .001, ES = 0.002) and below wind turbine rotor tip in both seasons. On most nights in both seasons, the majority of migrants flew predominantly at low altitudes, except for intense migration nights in spring in Borssele where, on 87% of these nights, migration mainly occurred at high altitudes. The most important predictors of low‐altitude migration in both seasons were day of year and wind assistance. Birds chose altitudes with the most favorable wind conditions for migration in both seasons. The relationship between day of year and low‐altitude migration fraction suggests that different species migrate at different altitudes. In spring, birds were flying lower at the beginning and the end of the night, reflecting departures and arrivals of birds, while radar location in autumn was a good predictor of low‐altitude flights, indicating that different local migratory axes have distinct altitude distributions. Our findings suggest that mitigation measures offshore may be more effective during autumn than spring, especially on nights with more supportive wind conditions at altitudes below 300 m.