bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and role of CCR6/CCL20 chemokine axis in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Facco Monica , Baesso Ilenia , Miorin Marta , Bortoli Michela , Cabrelle Anna , Boscaro Elisa , Gurrieri Carmela , Trentin Livio , Zambello Renato , Calabrese Fiorella , Cassatella Marco Antonio , Semenzato Gianpietro , Agostini Carlo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have shown previously that the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR6 are coexpressed by Th1 cells infiltrating the lung and the granuloma of patients with sarcoidosis. In this study, we evaluated the role of CCL20/CCR6 interaction in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis. By flow cytometry and molecular analyses, we have demonstrated that Th1 cells isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with sarcoidosis and T cell alveolitis are equipped with CCR6. Furthermore, CCR6+ T cells coexpressed the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR6. Immunohistochemical analysis of lung specimens has shown that CCR6+ T cells infiltrate lung interstitium and surround the central core of the granuloma. It is interesting that CCR6 was never detected on the alveolar macrophage (AM) surface, and it is observed in the cytoplasm of AMs from patients with sarcoidosis and alveolitis. The CCR6 ligand CCL20 was expressed by macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, and epithelioid cells infiltrating the granuloma. Furthermore, detectable levels of CCL20 protein are seen in the BAL fluid components of patients with active sarcoidosis, and sarcoid AMs release the CCR6 ligand in vitro. From a functional point of view, sarcoid Th1 cells were able to respond to CXCL10, CXCL16, and CCL20 in migratory assays. In vitro kinetic studies demonstrated that CCR6 is induced rapidly by IL-2, IL-18, and IFN-γ. In conclusion, T cells expressing CCR6, CXCR3, and CXCR6 act coordinately with respective ligands and Th1 inflammatory cytokines in the alveolitic/granuloma phases of the disease.
Management of Ovarian Stromal Cell Tumors
Authors: Colombo Nicoletta , Parma Gabriella , Zanagnolo Vanna , Insinga Alessandra 
Published: July 2007

Purpose To describe the clinical management of ovarian stromal cell tumors, which are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that develop from the sex cords and the ovarian stroma. Design We reviewed the current evidence on the clinical management of these relatively rare ovarian malignancies, which are typically detected at an early stage and may recur as late as 30 years following the initial treatment. The overall prognosis is favorable with a long-term survival ranging from 75% to 90% for all stages. Adult granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is the most common malignancy among these tumors. Results Surgery is the cornerstone of initial treatment. In women of childbearing age and with disease limited to one ovary, a fertility-sparing surgery can be a reasonable approach. Tumor stage represents the most important clinical parameter of prognostic relevance. The value of postoperative adjuvant therapy for high-risk patients has not been proven by prospective randomized studies. Platinum-based chemotherapy is used currently for patients with advanced stages or recurrent disease, with an overall response rate of 63% to 80%. Taxane and platinum combination chemotherapy seems to be a reasonable candidate for future trials. Little evidence exists for the use of radiation or hormonal therapy, and these modalities should be restricted to selected cases. Given the propensity of GCT for late relapse, prolonged follow-up is required. Conclusion Surgery remains the most effective treatment for ovarian stromal tumors and, whenever feasible, for relapsing disease. Platinum-based chemotherapy is currently used in metastatic or recurrent tumors.
Glossary of terms used in toxicology, 2nd edition (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)
Authors: Duffus John H. , Nordberg Monica , Templeton Douglas M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This glossary, a revision of the IUPAC "Glossary for Chemists of Terms Used in Toxicology" [Pure Appl. Chem.
65, 2003 (1993)] incorporating new and redefined terms from the "Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicokinetics" [Pure Appl. Chem.
76, 1033 (2004)], contains definitions and explanatory notes, if needed, for terms frequently used in the multidisciplinary field of toxicology. The glossary is compiled primarily for those scientists and others who now find themselves working in toxicology or requiring a knowledge of the subject, especially for hazard and risk assessment. Many medical terms are included because of their frequent occurrence in the toxicological literature. There are three annexes, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used in toxicology, one containing a list of abbreviations and acronyms used by international bodies and by legislation relevant to toxicology and chemical safety, and one describing the classification of carcinogenicity according to the weight of evidence available.
No Evidence of Clonal Dominance in Primates up to 4 Years Following Transplantation of Multidrug Resistance 1 Retrovirally Transduced Long-Term Repopulating Cells
Authors: Bozorgmehr Farastuk , Laufs Stefanie , Sellers Stephanie E. , Roeder Ingo , Zeller Walter J. , Dunbar Cynthia E. , Fruehauf Stefan 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Previous murine studies have suggested that retroviral multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene transfer may be associated with a myeloproliferative disorder. Analyses at a clonal level and prolonged long-term follow-up in a model with more direct relevance to human biology were lacking. In this study, we analyzed the contribution of individual CD34-selected peripheral blood progenitor cells to long-term rhesus macaque hematopoiesis after transduction with a retroviral vector either expressing the multidrug resistance 1 gene (HaMDR1 vector) or expressing the neomycin resistance (NeoR) gene (G1Na vector). We found a total of 122 contributing clones from 8 weeks up to 4 years after transplantation. One hundred two clones contained the G1Na vector, whereas only 20 clones contained the HaMDR1 vector. Here, we show for the first time real-time polymerase chain reaction based quantification of individual transduced cell clones constituting 0.0008% ± 0.0003% to 0.0041% ± 0.00032% of primate peripheral blood cells. No clonal dominance was observed.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Pharmacological Regulation of Adult Stem Cells: Chondrogenesis Can Be Induced Using a Synthetic Inhibitor of the Retinoic Acid Receptor
Authors: Kafienah Wael , Mistry Sanjay , Perry Mark J. , Politopoulou Galatia , Hollander Anthony P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConventional methods for regulating the differentiation of stem cells are largely based on the use of biological agents such as growth factors. We hypothesize that stem cell differentiation could be driven by specific synthetic molecules. If true, this would offer the possibility of screening chemical libraries to develop pharmacological agents with improved efficacy. To test our hypothesis, we have determined which, if any, of the nuclear receptor superfamily might be involved in chondrogenesis. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction, to study expression of a range of nuclear receptors in the undifferentiated mesenchymal population and after growth factor-driven differentiation of these cells to chondrocytes. In this way, we identified retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) as a potential pharmacological target. A low molecular weight synthetic inhibitor of the RARα and RARβ receptors was able to induce chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from osteoarthritis patients, in the absence of serum and growth factors. Furthermore, the pathway is independent of SOX9 upregulation and does not lead to hypertrophy. When mesenchymal cells were seeded on to polyglycolic acid scaffolds and cultured with LE135, there was a dose-dependent formation of cartilage, demonstrated both histologically and by biochemical analysis of the collagen component of the extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a pharmacological approach to the regulation of stem cell function.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
A Heterogeneous Expression Pattern for Nanog in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Singh Amar M. , Hamazaki Takashi , Hankowski Katherine E. , Terada Naohiro 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Nanog is a critical homeodomain factor responsible for maintaining embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Of interest, Nanog expression is not homogeneous in the conventional culture of murine ES cells. A Nanog-high population expresses markers for pluripotent ES cells, whereas a Nanog-low population expresses markers for primitive endoderm, such as Gata6. Since the inner cell mass of early blastocysts has recently been reported to be heterogeneous in terms of Nanog and Gata6 expression, ES cells appear to closely resemble the developing stage from which they originate. We further demonstrate that Nanog can directly repress Gata6 expression through its binding to the proximal promoter region of the Gata6 gene and that overexpression of Nanog reduces heterogeneity during ES cell maintenance. Interestingly, Nanog heterogeneity does not correlate with the heterogeneous expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, suggesting that multiple but overlapping levels of heterogeneity may exist in ES cells. These findings provide insight into the factors that control ES cell self-renewal and the earliest lineage commitment to primitive endoderm while also suggesting methods to promote homogeneity during ES cell maintenance.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Generation of Insulin-Producing Cells from Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Genetic Manipulation
Authors: Karnieli Ohad , Izhar-Prato Yael , Bulvik Shlomo , Efrat Shimon 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
β Cell replacement is a promising approach for treatment of type 1 diabetes; however, it is limited by a shortage of pancreas donors. The pluripotent MSC in adult bone marrow (BM) offer an attractive source of stem cells for generation of surrogate β cells. BM-MSC can be obtained with relative ease from each patient, allowing potential circumvention of allograft rejection. Here, we report a procedure for expansion of BM-MSC in vitro and their differentiation into insulin-producing cells. The pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) gene was expressed in BM-MSC from 14 human donors, and the extent of differentiation of these cells toward the β-cell phenotype was evaluated. RNA and protein analyses documented the activation of expression of all four islet hormones. However, the cells lacked expression of NEUROD1, a key transcription factor in differentiated β cells. A significant insulin content, as well as glucose-stimulated insulin release, were demonstrated in vitro. Cell transplantation into streptozotocin-diabetic immunodeficient mice resulted in further differentiation, including induction of NEUROD1, and reduction of hyperglycemia. These findings were reproducible in BM-MSC from 9 of 14 donors of both sexes, ages 19–62. These results suggest a therapeutic potential for PDX1-expressing BM-MSC in β-cell replacement in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Alcohol Control Policies and Youth Alcohol Consumption: Evidence from 28 Years of Monitoring the Future
Authors: Carpenter Christopher S , Kloska Deborah D , O'Malley Patrick , Johnston Lloyd 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
We provide the first historical comparative analysis of the effects of Minimum Legal Drinking Ages (MLDA), beer taxes, and "Zero Tolerance" (ZT) underage drunk driving laws on the drinking behaviors of high school seniors using confidential area-identified data from the 1976-2003 waves of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Surveys. We estimate reduced form models of drinking participation and heavy episodic drinking that account for state and year fixed effects. Our findings confirm that nationwide increases in the MLDA in the late 1970s and 1980s and adoption of ZT laws in the 1990s both significantly reduced alcohol consumption by high school seniors, with larger effects for the MLDA than for ZT laws. Higher beer taxes are also estimated to reduce youth drinking participation. Overall, the results confirm that a variety of types of government intervention can have important effects on youth alcohol consumption.
Spinitectus mariaisabelae n. sp. (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) from the intestine of the freshwater fish Profundulus punctatus (Cyprinodontiformes) in Mexico
Authors: Caspeta-Mandujano J. , Cabañas-Carranza G. , Salgado-Maldonado G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Spinitectus mariaisabelae n. sp. is described from the intestine of Profundulus punctatus (Günther) (Pisces, Cyprinodontiformes) from the Suchiapa River, State of Chiapas, Mexico. It is characterized largely by the bifurcate distal tip of the larger (left) spicule, spination of the cuticle separated into 4 longitudinal sectors, more or less regularly spaced rings of spines, and by the position of the excretory pore just posterior to the 7th ring of visible spines. By having the rings of spines divided into 4 sectors, the new species resembles 8 of the 15 American species; however, they can be easily distinguished by the number of spines in the first ring. S. mariaisabelae differs from all its American congeners by possessing a bifurcate distal tip of the left spicule, a unique feature among Spinitectus spp.
Impact of praziquantel baiting on intestinal helminths of foxes in southwestern Germany
Authors: Romig T. , Bilger B. , Dinkel A. , Merli M. , Thoma D. , Will R. , Mackenstedt U. , Lucius R. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Fox baits containing 50 mg praziquantel were distributed by aircraft in a 3000 km2 area of southwestern Germany from 1995 to 1999. 20 baits / km2 were initially distributed at intervals of six to twelve weeks. Starting from a prebaiting prevalence of 64 % (95 % C.I. 59–69), a level of 15 % (C.I. 10–21) was reached after 18 months. Further decreasing the frequency and discontinuing the bait distribution caused a surge to 55 % (C.I. 49–61) within 36 months. Other cestode species (Taenia spp., Mesocestoides spp.) showed similar responses, while the prevalence of ascarid nematodes did not decline during baiting. New infections of fox cubs with E. multilocularis, but not with other cestodes, drastically decreased after one year. Prevalences of fox helminths in an external control area remained stable. Our data suggest that repeated praziquantel treatment of free ranging foxes is suitable to reduce the prevalence of E. multilocularis in a large area.
On a cancellation rule for subdirect products of lattice ordered groups and of GMV-algebras
Authors: Jakubík Ján 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The notion of internal subdirect decomposition can be defined in each variety of algebras. In the present note we prove the validity of a cancellation rule concerning such decompositions for lattice ordered groups and for GMV-algebras. For the case of groups, this cancellation rule fails to be valid.
Oscillation and stability of nonlinear discrete models exhibiting the Allee effect
Authors: Elabbasy E. , Saker S. , El-Metwally H. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the discrete nonlinear delay population model exhibiting the Allee effect (*)
$$x_{n + 1} = x_n \exp \left( {a + bx_{n - \tau }^p - cx_{n - \tau }^q } \right),$$
where a, b and c are constants and p, q and τ are positive integers. First, we study the local stability of the equilibrium points. Next, we establish some oscillation results of nonlinear delay difference equations with positive and negative coefficients and apply them to investigate the oscillatory character of all positive solutions of equation (*) about the positive steady state x
* and prove that every nonoscillatory solution tends to x
*.
Some remarks on functions with values in probabilistic normed spaces
Authors: Goleţ Ioan 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
In this paper we consider an enlargement of the notion of the probabilistic normed space. For this new class of probabilistic normed spaces we give some topological properties. By using properties of the probabilistic norm we prove some differential and integral properties of functions with values into probabilistic normed spaces. As special cases, results for deterministic and random functions can be obtained.
A note on exponent of convergence of zeros of entire functions
Authors: Lahiri B. , Banerjee Dibyendu 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
If f(z) is an entire function with ρ
1 > 0 as its exponent of convergence of zeros and if 0 ≤ α < ρ
1, then we prove the existence of entire functions each having α as its exponent of convergence of zeros.
Gender and Transportation Access among Community-Dwelling Seniors
Authors: Dupuis Josette , Weiss Deborah R. , Wolfson Christina 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTPurpose:This study estimates the prevalence of problems with transportation in a sample of community-dwelling seniors residing in an urban setting and investigates the role that gender plays in the ability of seniors to remain mobile in their communities.Design and Methods:Data collected as part of a study assessing the prevalence and consequences of unmet needs for community-based services in a random sample of 839 elderly aged 75 years and older were employed in bivariate and multivariable analyses.Results:The prevalence of problems with transportation was 23 per cent, with 33 per cent of females and 10 per cent of males categorized as having problems with transportation. Of those subjects categorized as having problems with transportation, 88 per cent were women. In addition to being predominantly women, those who reported problems with transportation were older, in poorer health, and had lower income and income satisfaction.Implications:Problems with transportation are an important issue facing seniors; women, in particular. These results highlight the differences in aging as experienced by women and men with respect to social effects, needs, and the significance attached to the experience.
The low frequency of defective TPMT alleles in Turkish population: A study on pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tumer Tugba Boyunegmez , Ulusoy Gulen , Adali Orhan , Sahin Gurses , Gozdasoglu Sevgi , Arinç Emel 
Published: July 2007

Abstract6‐Mercaptopurine (6MP) is an essential anticancer drug used in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphisms are the major determinants of interindividual differences in the severe toxicity or efficacy of 6MP. Four variant alleles, TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B, and TPMT*3C, are responsible over the 80% of low or undetectable enzyme activity. The frequencies of these variants were investigated among 106 children with ALL in Turkish population. TPMT*3A and TPMT*3C were the only deficiency alleles detected in Turkish population with an allele frequency of 0.9% for both. While *3C allele frequency in Turkish population was found to be very similar to Asian and other Caucasian populations, *3A allele frequency was significantly (P < 0.05) lower. So far, studies showed that the genetic polymorphisms of other drug metabolizing enzymes like CYP2E1, CYP1A1, GSTM1/ T1 in Turkish population were similar to Caucasian populations. However, we found that the distribution of TPMT polymorphisms in Turkish population was significantly lower than those in other Caucasians like British, French, and Italian whereas the distributions of TPMT variants were found to be very similar to Kazak population which is also Caucasian in ethnic origin. In this study, the clinical histories of the patients in the sample population were also examined, retrospectively. The patients with heterozygous or homozygous mutant genotypes had developed severe neutropenia and infection during 6MP therapy. The study provides the first data on the frequency of common TPMT variants in the Turkish population, based on analysis of pediatric patients with ALL. Am. J. Hematol. 82:906–910, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced intensity compared with high dose conditioning for allotransplantation in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: A comparative clinical analysis
Authors: Flynn Catherine M. , Hirsch Betsy , DeFor Todd , Barker Juliet N. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Wagner John E. , Blazar Bruce R. , Burns Linda J. , MacMillan Margaret L. , Arora Mukta , Weisdorf Daniel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using reduced intensity (RI) vs. myeloablative (MA) conditioning for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. Thirty two patients (median age 54) who underwent a RI HSCT (2000–2003) were compared with 187 patients (median age 39) who received a MA transplant (1990–2003). Neutrophil engraftment was more rapid in the RI group (median 11.5 vs. 21 days). Platelet recovery was similar and graft failure was infrequent. The incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and treatment‐related mortality was similar though relapse was more frequent after RI conditioning (RR 2.2 [95% CI = 1.1–4.6] P = 0.03). At 2 years, disease‐free survival (DFS) (31% vs. 30%, P > 0.1) and overall survival (33% vs. 35%, P > 0.1) were comparable between RI and MA groups, respectively. We suggest that RI allografts can yield satisfactory DFS both for older as well as younger patients with pre‐existing comorbidities, who are ineligible for MA allografts. Advances in GVHD management and new approaches for relapsed or refractory disease are necessary to improve these outcomes. Am. J. Hematol. 82:867–872, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autosomal recessive mental retardation syndrome with anterior maxillary protrusion and strabismus: MRAMS syndrome
Authors: Basel‐Vanagaite Lina , Rainshtein Limor , Inbar Dov , Gothelf Doron , Hennekam Raoul , Straussberg Rachel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report on a family in whom the combination of mental retardation (MR), anterior maxillary protrusion, and strabismus segregates. The healthy, consanguineous parents (first cousins) of Israeli‐Arab descent had 11 children, 7 of whom (5 girls) were affected. They all had severe MR. Six of the seven had anterior maxillary protrusion with vertical maxillary excess, open bite, and prominent crowded teeth. None of the sibs with normal intelligence had jaw or dental anomalies. The child with MR but without a jaw anomaly was somewhat less severely retarded, had seizures and severe psychosis, which may point to his having a separate disorder. Biochemical and neurological studies, including brain MRI and standard cytogenetic studies, yielded normal results; fragile X was excluded, no subtelomeric rearrangements were detectable, and X‐inactivation studies in the mother showed random inactivation. We have been unable to find a similar disorder in the literature, and suggest that this is a hitherto unreported autosomal recessive disorder, which we propose to name MRAMS (mental retardation, anterior maxillary protrusion, and strabismus). © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.