bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of Combining Cystic Fibrosis— and Non-Cystic Fibrosis-Derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Susceptibility Results in Hospital Antibiograms
Authors: Bosso John A , Mauldin Patrick D , Steed Lisa L 
Published: October 2006

Background: In preparing hospital antibiograms for individual organisms and antibiotics, laboratories often combine susceptibility data for isolates from a variety of sources and patient types. If results from patients with known resistance patterns that vary from normal are included, the overall susceptibility value for the institution could be misleadingly skewed. Objective: To assess the degree of bias introduced into a hospital antibiogram by combining cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to produce one hospital-wide percent susceptible figure for each tested antibiotic. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of an academic, tertiary care medical center's microbiology database. We examined quarterly and annual susceptibility data from 2004, comparing non-CF data with combined susceptibility data for 10 antibiotics within each quarter, as well as those reported in the annual antibiogram. Differences were assessed for statistical significance using x2 testing with Bonferroni correction. Results: Large differences were observed between non-CF and combined percent susceptible data in the 4 quarters (aminoglycosides 3% vs 20%, fluoroquinolones 2% vs 18%, respectively) and when comparing annual non-CF (n = 191) with annual combined (n = 266) data. With the annual figures, these differences were frequently statistically significant (70% vs 58%, 91% vs 83%, 85% vs 70%, and 72% vs 60% for gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and gatifloxacin/levofloxacin, respectively; all p ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Combining CF and non-CF P. aeruginosa susceptibility into one percent susceptibility value for all isolates may produce figures that underestimate the activity of some antibiotic classes against non-CF isolates. Clinicians may make less than optimal empiric antibiotic selection choices based on such data.
An Exploration of the Dimensions of Pregnancy Intentions Among Women Choosing to Terminate Pregnancy or to Initiate Prenatal Care in New Orleans, Louisiana
Authors: Santelli John S. , Speizer Ilene S. , Avery Alexis , Kendall Carl 
Published: October 2006

Objectives. We examined pregnancy decisionmaking among women seeking abortion or prenatal care. Methods. Conventional measures of pregnancy intentions were compared with newer measures in 1017 women seeking abortion. A reduced sample of abortion patients (142 African American women from New Orleans) was compared with 464 similar women entering prenatal care. Results. Virtually all abortion patients reported the pregnancy as unintended; two thirds of prenatal patients reported the pregnancy as unintended. Reasons for seeking abortion related to life circumstances, including cost, readiness, not wanting any more children, marital status, relationship stability, and being too young. Abortion patients were more likely to report trying hard to avoid a pregnancy and not being in a relationship. They were less likely to report that their partner wanted a baby (odds ratio=0.10) or that they wanted a baby with their partner (odds ratio=0.13) than prenatal patients. Conclusions. Traditional measures of pregnancy intentions did not readily predict a woman’s choice to continue or abort the pregnancy. Relationship with male partners, desire for a baby with the partner, and life circumstances were critical dimensions in pregnancy decisionmaking.
Effectiveness of Bans and Laws in Reducing Traffic Deaths
Authors: McMillan Garnett P. , Lapham Sandra 
Published: October 2006

We determined the relative risk of alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents and fatalities after New Mexico lifted its ban on Sunday packaged alcohol sales. We extracted all alcohol-related crashes from New Mexico police reports for 3652 days between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 2000, and found a 29% increase in alcohol-related crashes and a 42% increase in alcohol-related crash fatalities on Sundays after the ban on Sunday packaged alcohol sales was lifted. There was an estimated excess of 543.1 alcohol-related crashes and 41.6 alcohol-related crash fatalities on Sundays after the ban was lifted. Repealing the ban on Sunday packaged alcohol sales introduced a public health and safety hazard in New Mexico.
Safety Belt Use and the Switch to Primary Enforcement, 1991–2003
Authors: Houston David J. , Richardson Lilliard E. 
Published: October 2006

State seat belt laws have increased use rates and have reduced traffic fatalities, but tremendous variation exists in the laws. New Hampshire does not have a law, and 30 states have only secondary enforcement laws. Whereas primary enforcement allows an officer to issue a citation for any infraction, secondary enforcement permits a citation only if a motorist is stopped for another infraction first. We performed a cross-sectional time-series analysis of the impact of upgrading to primary enforcement on belt use rates for 47 states and the District of Columbia from 1991 to 2003. Our results suggest that states with secondary enforcement laws could increase belt use by 10 percentage points and improve public safety considerably by upgrading to primary enforcement.
Design of decentralized IMC‐PID controller based on dRI analysis
Authors: He Mao‐Jun , Cai Wen‐Jian , Wu Bing‐Fang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simple yet effective method for designing decentralized PID controller, which is based on dynamic interaction analysis and internal model control principle, is proposed. On the basis of structure decomposition, the dynamic relative interaction is defined and represented by the process model and controller explicitly. Using the initial controllers designed for the diagonal elements, the multiplicate model factor is derived, and then simplified to a pure time delay function at the neighborhood of each control loop critical frequency to obtain the equivalent transfer function for the particular control loop. Consequently, appropriate parameters of individual controller are determined by applying the IMC‐PID tuning rules for the equivalent‐transfer function. Simulation results for a variety of 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 systems show that the design technique results better overall control performance than those of existing design methods. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Megakaryocytic blast crisis as first presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Campiotti L. , Grandi A.M. , Biotti M.G. , Ultori C. , Solbiati F. , Codari R. , Venco A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe describe an extremely rare case of megakaryocytic blast crisis as first presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia. The patient had a very high platelet count and developed an ischemic stroke with seizures. She was treated with hydroxyurea, platelet apheresis, ARA‐C, and idarubicin in order to obtain a prompt reduction of thrombocytosis and then with imatinib 600 mg/die PO. The therapy induced a complete hematological remission with a resolution of neurological signs within 4 weeks. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome and cost analysis of sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence
Authors: Hetzer F H , Bieler A , Hahnloser D , Löhlein F , Clavien P-A , Demartines N 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) may be successful in treating incapacitating faecal incontinence. The technique is expensive, and no cost analysis is currently available. The aim of this study was to assess clinical outcome and analyse cost-effectiveness.

Methods
Thirty-six consecutive patients underwent a two-stage SNS procedure. Outcome parameters and real costs were assessed prospectively.

Results
SNS was tested successfully in 33 of 36 patients, and 31 patients were stimulated permanently. In the first stage, eight of 36 patients reported minor complications (pain, infection or electrode dislocation), resulting in a cost of €4053 (range €2838–7273) per patient. For the second stage (permanent stimulation), eight of 33 patients had an infection, pain or loss of effectiveness, resulting in a cost of €11 292 (range €7406–20 274) per patient. Estimated costs for further follow-up were €997 per year. The 5-year cumulative cost for SNS was €22 150 per patient, compared with €33 996 for colostomy, €31 590 for dynamic graciloplasty and €3234 for conservative treatment.

Conclusion
SNS is a highly cost-effective treatment for faecal incontinence. Options for further reduction of SNS costs include strict patient selection, treatment in an outpatient setting and using cheaper devices.
Anatomical considerations on Sudeck's critical point and its relevance to colorectal surgery
Authors: van Tonder J.J. , Boon J.M. , Becker J.H.R. , van Schoor A.‐N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSudeck's critical point at the rectosigmoid junction is described as the point of origin of the last sigmoid arterial branch, originating from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). There is controversy on the importance of Sudeck's point, and the frequency in which the anastomosis is found. Furthermore, the diameter of the anastomosis, if present, may also impact on the viability of the caudal stump. This study aimed to determine the frequency in which a macroscopic anastomosis occurs, between the superior rectal artery and the last sigmoidal branch, in a cadaver population; the diameter of this anastomosis and the distance from the origin of the IMA to Sudeck's point. Sixty‐four cadavers were included in the study, excluding those with previous surgery to the rectosigmoid junction. Sudeck's point was carefully identified and dissected to establish the presence of an anastomosis. Subsequent measurements were performed using a digital caliper (accuracy = 0.01 mm). A macroscopic anatomosis was absent in three cases (4.7%). The mean diameter of the anastomosis when present was 1.9 mm (SD: 0.5 mm), and the distance from the origin of the IMA to Sudeck's point was 55.5 mm (SD: 14.6 mm). Although an anastomosis is present in the majority of cases, the vessel is very small in diameter, and may not be sufficient to meet the demands of the caudal stump. The distance from the origin of the IMA to Sudeck's point is sufficient enough to allow for ligation of the IMA proximal to Sudeck's point. Clin. Anat. 20:424–427, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
δ‐Cyclodextrin as novel chiral probe for enantiomeric separation by electromigration methods
Authors: Wistuba Dorothee , Bogdanski Anja , Larsen Kim L. , Schurig Volker 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNative δ‐CD has been employed as chiral selector in CE and MEKC. To investigate the potential of the enantiodiscriminating properties of δ‐CD, negatively charged 5‐dimethylamino‐1‐naphthalene‐sulfonyl (dansyl)‐, 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP)‐ and FMOC‐derivatives of several amino acids, 1,1'‐binaphthyl‐2,2'‐diylhydrogenphosphate, flavanones and three positively charged drugs have been selected as testing samples. Enantioresolution factors up to 4.82 have been observed. The results were compared with those achieved by the conventional running buffer additives α‐, β‐ and γ‐CDs. For several examples a steady increase of enantioresolution with increasing degree of oligomerization has been detected.
CZE of human alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein for qualitative and quantitative comparison of samples from different pathological conditions.
Authors: Lacunza Izaskun , Sanz Jesus , Diez‐Masa Jose Carlos , de Frutos Mercedes 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) presents different forms, which may arise from differences in the amino acid sequence and/or in the glycosidic part of the protein. Changes in forms of AGP have been described in literature as a possible tumor marker. While most previous works have approached the study of glycopeptides and/or glycans obtained after fragmentation of the protein, in this work, a CZE method is developed to separate up to eleven peaks of intact forms of AGP. A computer program developed in our laboratory is used to select the migration parameters that make possible an accurate assignment of AGP peaks. Electropherograms of AGP samples purified from sera of cancer patients and healthy donors are qualitatively and quantitatively compared. Percentages of correct assignment of AGP peaks close to 100% are achieved by using either the migration time of each peak relative to that of the EOF marker or the effective electrophoretic mobility of the peaks. The computer program permits to select, among different hypotheses for peak allotment, that one providing the highest accuracy of assignment. In this way, some peaks with different charge‐to‐mass ratio and a different distribution of area percentage of AGP forms are observed when comparing samples from sick and healthy individuals. Thus, a method that permits to compare AGP forms existing in sera of individuals with different pathophysiological situations has been developed. A potential for using AGP forms analyzed by CZE as a disease marker and for using this technique for screening purposes is envisaged.
Effects on microstrain and conversion of flowable resin composite using different curing modes and units
Authors: Tseng Wan‐Yu , Chen Ruey‐Song , Wang Jaw‐Lin , Lee Ming‐Shu , Rueggeberg Frederick A. , Chen Min‐Huey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe flowable resin composite, Tetric Flow, was used to measure microstrain and degree of conversion after hardening with each of three curing machines: XL3000(XL) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s; Optilux 501 using conventional mode (OC) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s, as well as Optilux boost (OB, 10 s) and ramp modes (OR, 20 s); and LEDemetron (LEDe) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. The emitted power density and spectral distribution of the three light curing units were also measured. The LEDe output energy spectrum was centralized between 425 and 490 nm, which encompasses the excited wavelength of camphorquinone. The microstrain produced by the curing process is as a second‐degree polynomial for each light source. The OB microstrain was highest, while the OR microstrain was lower. The ranking in order of degree of monomer conversion was as follows: XL10 ≤≤ OC10 ≤≤ LED 10 = OR = XL 20 = OC 20 = XL 30 ≤≤ LED 20 ≤≤ OC30 = LED 40 = XL 40 = OC40 = LED 30 ≤ OB. The degree of conversion cured with OB was significant higher than other curing modes except OC30, OC40, LEDe30, LEDe40, and XL40. The conversion value of XL10 was the lowest. The LEDe produced higher conversion for the same emitted energy compared to the two halogen units. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Nanoleakage and microshear bond strength in deproteinized human dentin
Authors: Silva Eduardo M. , Duarte Patrícia B. P. G. , Poskus Laiza T. , Barcellos Alexandre A. L. , Guimarães José G. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of dentin deproteinization with NaOCl on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) and the nanoleakage patterns of three dentin bonding systems (DBS). Occlusal dentin surfaces, obtained from extracted noncarious human molars, were divided into two experimental groups, according to dentin surface treatment: Group I–37% H3PO4/15s and Group II–37% H3PO4/15s + 10% NaOCl/1 min. The dentin surfaces were bonded with one of the following DBS: Scotchbond Multipurpose–SBMP, Prime & Bond NT–PB and Clearfil SE Bond–SE. After 1 week storage in water at 37°C, the specimens were subjected to the μSBS test. The data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Student‐Newman‐Keuls' test (p = 0.05). The nanoleakage was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscattered electron imaging regime. No significant difference in μSBS between dentin treatments was found for SBMP. For PB, μSBS increased after NaOCl dentin treatment. SE showed a reduction in μSBS in deproteinized specimens. SEM analysis showed different nanoleakage patterns for each DBS. Irrespective of dentin treatments, all SBMP specimens showed nanoleakage. SE did not show nanoleakage with the two dentin treatments. PB showed nanoleakage within the hybrid layer only in acid‐etched specimens. The influence of dentin deproteinization was dependent on the dentin bonding system formulation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Micromechanical versus chemical bonding between CoCr alloys and methacrylate resins
Authors: Barclay Craig W. , Spence Donald , Laird William R. E. , Marquis Peter M. , Blunt Liam 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntroduction: As adhesive systems for bonding to metals have developed in dentistry, considerable importance is attached to the preparation of the metal alloy for both mechanical and chemical bonding. Different grit sizes when sandblasting Cobalt Chromium (CoCr) will provide a different three‐dimensional surface for bonding. Previous reports have shown that 4‐Methacryloyloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride (4‐Meta) resins offer high bond strengths to CoCr alloy, with various surface preparations providing varying bond strengths. The relevance of this to bond strength was assessed. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of grit size of alumina in the preparation of CoCr alloy and to determine the effect on the tensile bond strength of four different acrylic resins to the CoCr alloy. Methods: Ten specimens were prepared within each group of four resins. Four grit sizes were assessed, 50, 110, 250 μm, and a range from 180 to 330 μm. The specimens were tested both within one day of production after storing at 37°C in phosphate‐buffered saline for seven days and after thermocycling. Results: Grit size resulted in a change in average contact surface area available for bonding. A significant difference (p < 0.01) existed in bond strengths between each of the materials, but no significant difference (p = 0.0673) was determined when different grit sizes were included. Significance: It was concluded that grit size determined the available contact surface area of CoCr alloy for bonding but did not determine the bond strength that could be achieved between acrylic resins and CoCr alloy as a result of the poor adaptation of the resin to the complex surface topography. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for the stand‐alone augmentation of osteoporosis‐induced vertebral compression fractures: Present status and future directions
Authors: Lewis Gladius 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEnormous research efforts are being expended on two minimally invasive procedures: percutaneous vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP). The present report, which is a detailed critical review of VP and KP that emphasizes their biomechanics aspects, is divided into six parts. In the first two parts, succinct descriptions are given of osteoporosis‐induced vertebral body (VB) compression fractures as the underlying pathology to be treated with VP and KP, the theory of VP and KP, and the techniques used in performing these procedures. Concerns about VP and KP, such as the high radiation exposure burden that may be imposed on both patient and medical personnel and extravasation of the injectable bone cement, are discussed in the third part. Detailed discussions of fourteen issues/questions, such as the extent to which VP or KP affects various biomechanical measures of the augmented VB and those adjacent to it and the appropriate volume of the cement to use, are presented in the fourth part. Ideas for future research, such as development of a new generation of injectable bone cements and identification of an appropriate animal model, are covered in the fifth part. The final section contains a summary of the most salient points/observations made in the report. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Histological biocompatibility of new, non‐absorbable glaucoma deep sclerectomy implant
Authors: Kałużny Jakub J. , Jóźwicki Wojciech , Wiśniewska Halina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe performed this study to compare the intrascleral biocompatibility of three materials: non‐absorbable hydrogel contact lens polymer, non‐absorbable silicone rubber, and absorbable cross‐linked sodium hyaluronate. Intrascleral implantation of three different materials was performed in 13 healthy, pigmented rabbits. Implants of methacrylic hydrogel, silicone rubber, and cross‐linked sodium hyaluronate were implanted in 10, 8, and 8 eyes, respectively. The animals were euthanized at 7, 30, 180, and 360 days post implantation. The eyes were enucleated and immediately fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Semithin sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. Light microscope analysis of the specimens was performed. The least severe inflammatory reaction was observed with cross‐linked sodium hyaluronate implants. The number of inflammatory cells in proximity to methacrylic hydrogel and silicone implants at all periods of follow up was similar. The thickest fibrous capsule was observed with silicone implants (average, 28.38 ± 11.17 μm). This area was thinner with methacrylic hydrogel implants (average, 14.90 ± 5.57 μm) and was thinnest around sodium hyaluronate implants (average, 7.21 ± 2.33 μm). For each type of implant, the wall on the conjunctival side of the fibrous capsule was significantly thicker than the wall on the choiroidal side. The space between the implant, scleral flap, and bed was filled soon after surgery with connective tissue rich in vessels. In our study, cross‐linked sodium hyaluronate had the highest intrascleral biocompatibility. Although the inflammatory responses of the sclera to methacrylic hydrogel and silicone rubber were similar in nature, a thicker fibrous capsule was generated around silicone implants. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Preparation and characterization of poly(L‐lactic acid)‐chitosan hybrid scaffolds with drug release capability
Authors: Prabaharan M. , Rodriguez‐Perez M. A. , de Saja J. A. , Mano J. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNovel poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA)–chitosan hybrid scaffolds were developed in order to be used as tissue‐engineering scaffolds and drug release carriers. The incorporation of chitosan into the PLLA porous structure allows for producing chitosan‐based scaffold devices with interesting damping and stiffness aimed at being used in tissue engineering of bone or cartilage. The pore structure of the hybrid scaffolds was influenced by the concentration of the chitosan solution introduced into the PLLA scaffold. For lower concentrations, chitosan was mainly deposited onto the PLLA surface, whereas for higher concentration chitosan formed also microfibrilar structures within the pore walls of the PLLA foam that may act as additional soft anchorage sites for cells. Equilibrium water uptakes up to about 110% were achieved in 24 h. An anti‐inflammatory drug, ketoprofen, was loaded within the chitosan component of the hybrid scaffolds by immersing the scaffolds in a drug–ethanol solution. The drug was released sharply within the initial periods (∼2–4 h), but the rate decreased further, showing a sustained release. The drug release rate can be controlled by the chitosan content and cross‐link densities, suggesting the effectiveness of the hybrid scaffold as a drug delivery system. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006