bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of utility of risk score and gynecological examination for screening for sexually transmitted infections in sexually active adolescents
Authors: Guimarães Eleuse MB , Guimarães Mark DC , Vieira Maria Aparecida S , Bontempo Nádia M , Seixas Mirian SS , Garcia Mônica SD , Daud Lyana ES , Côrtes Rejane LM , Alves Maria de Fátima C 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Sexually transmitted infections constitute the main health risk among adolescents. In developing countries the diagnosis and treatment of cervical infections is based on the syndromic approach. In this study we estimated the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among female adolescents from a Health Sector of the city of Goiânia, Brazil, and validated cervicitis diagnosis using World Health Organization/Ministry of Health risk score and gynecological examination.

Methods
A cross-sectional community-based sample of 914 15- to 19-year-old female teenagers was randomly selected and referred to the local Family Health Program. Of these, 472 (51.6%) were sexually active and gynecological examinations were carried out for 427. Endocervical samples were collected to perform the polymerase chain reaction for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae. Performance of risk score, the presence of mucopurulent discharge, friability, ectopia and pain during cervical maneuver were compared with the presence of C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae or both.

Results
The prevalence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was 14.5% and 2.1%, respectively. The risk score had a specificity of 31.9% (95% confidence interval, 21.2 to 44.2) and a positive predictive value of 20.8% (95% confidence interval, 13.5 to 29.7). Friability was the component of the gynecological examination that presented the best performance with a sensitivity of 43.5%, specificity of 81.0%, and 30.6% of positive predictive value.

Conclusion
The prevalence of infection by C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae was high among these sexually active adolescents. The syndromic approach is clearly inadequate for screening and treating these infections in this population. Therefore, the implantation of other strategies to control these infections among adolescents is urgently required.
Increased DJ-1 expression under oxidative stress and in Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Baulac Stéphanie , Lu Hope , Strahle Jennifer , Yang Ting , Goldberg Matthew S , Shen Jie , Schlossmacher Michael G , Lemere Cynthia A , Lu Qun , Xia Weiming 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMutations in the DJ-1 gene have been linked to autosomal recessive familial Parkinson's disease. To understand the function of DJ-1, we determined the DJ-1 expression in both zebrafish and post mortem human brains. We found that DJ-1 was expressed early during zebrafish development and throughout adulthood. Knock down (KD) of DJ-1 by injection of morpholino did not cause dramatic morphologic alterations during development, and no loss of dopaminergic neurons was observed in embryos lacking DJ-1. However, DJ-1 KD embryos were more susceptible to programmed cell death. While a slight reduction in staining for islet-1 positive neurons was observed in both DJ-1 KD and H2O2treated embryos, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in both KD and H2O2treated embryos. Interestingly, DJ-1 expression was increased in brains of zebrafish under conditions of oxidative stress, indicating that DJ-1 is a part of stress-responsive machinery. Since oxidative stress is one of the major contributors to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we also examined DJ-1 expression in AD brains. Using DJ-1 specific antibodies, we failed to detect a robust staining of DJ-1 in brain tissues from control subjects. However, DJ-1 immunoreactivity was detected in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and astrocytes of AD brains. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that DJ-1 expression is not necessary during zebrafish development but can be induced in zebrafish exposed to oxidative stress and is present in human AD brains.
It's All About the Teacher
Authors: Flynt E. Sutton , Brozo William G. 
Published: March 2009

The most important element in the content literacy classroom is the teacher. Effective content literacy teachers engage their students through insistence, make connections across content areas, adapt instruction and are keenly aware of their students' out of class literacy interests. They are successful because they view themselves as learners too.إن أهم عنصر في صف محتوى معرفة القراءة والكتابة هو المعلم. إذ أن معلمي محتوى معرفة القراءة والكتابة الفعالين يتصلون بطلابهم من خلال إصرارهم ويجعلون روابط بين مجالات المحتوى ويكيفون التعليم ويدرون باهتمام طلابهم الأدبي خارج الصف حق الدراية. وإنهم ناجحون لأنهم يعتبرون أنفسهم طلاب العلم أيضاً.在学科读写文化的课堂教学中，教师是最重要的元素。高效能的学科读写文化教师，会透过他们坚持的指导，建立跨学科读写文化的连接，采用切合学生需要的教学，以及他们对学生在课堂外的读写文化兴趣的敏锐觉察，帮助学生投入学习。这些教师之所以成功是因为他们都认为自己也是学习者。L'élément le plus important dans une classe où l'on enseigne une discipline est le professeur. Les professeurs efficaces dans une discipline donnée impliquent leurs élèves du fait de leur insistance, font des liens d'une discipline à l'autre, adaptent leur enseignement et ont une conscience aigüe de ce qui intéresse les élèves en dehors de la classe. Ils réussissent parce qu'ils se considèrent eux‐mêmes également comme des apprenants.Важнейшей составляющей при обучении предметной грамотности является сам учитель. Хорошие специалисты работают с учащимися системно и настойчиво, предлагают им сравнивать различные предметные области, адаптируют учебные методы к конкретной ситуации и хорошо представляют, какие виды грамотности привлекают учеников вне стен школы. Эти учителя успешны, потому что никогда не устают учиться.El elemento más importante en el aula de materia de contenido es el maestro. Tales maestros logran sus metas porque ocupan la atención de sus estudiantes por medio de la insistencia, hacen conexiones entre las materias de contenidos, adaptan su instrucción y están muy conscientes de los intereses de los estudiantes fuera del salón de clase. Tienen éxito porque se ven a sí mismos como aprendices también.
Early Senonian radiolarian microfauna and biostratigraphy from the Western Vardar Zone (Western Serbia)
Authors: Djerić Nevenka , Gerzina Nataša , Gajić Violeta , Vasić Nebojša 
Published: March 2009

Early Senonian radiolarian microfauna and biostratigraphy from the Western Vardar Zone (Western Serbia)The studied deposits represent the sedimentary cover of ophiolitic mélange of the Western Vardar Zone Belt. An association of sediments that correspond to a primary pyroclastic material occurs in the Upper Cretaceous carbonate sediments near the village of Struganik (Western Serbia). This is an interlayer within mainly carbonate sediments represented by limestone, clayey limestone and marlstone. It is made of the following succession: a lamina made of crystalline quartz, sanidine, plagioclase and biotite and a layer of clay. The clay is of the smectite type, highly crystalline. The age of the radiolarian assemblage from the clay layer is assigned to Early Senonian, based on the co-occurrence of radiolarian taxa:Dictyomitra formosaSquinabol,Dictyomitra koslovaeForeman,Dictyomitra torquataForeman,Alieviumsp. cf.A. superbum(Squinabol) andPseudoaulophacussp. cf.P. venadoensisPessagno. The pyroclastic material was brought into the water environment by a cloud that was formed after an explosive eruption whose exact location cannot be determined at the moment. According to geological data, there are no indications of volcanic activity before the Late Cretaceous in the wider studied area. Marine sedimentation continued after gravitational differentiation of pyroclastic material. The results of petrological and sedimentological investigations reveal that Struganik Limestone originated in a deep-water environment and that the sedimentation area was on the continental slope.
Late Badenian foraminifers from the Vienna Basin (Central Paratethys): stable isotope study and paleoecological implications
Authors: Kováčová Patrícia , Hudáčková Natália 
Published: March 2009

Late Badenian foraminifers from the Vienna Basin (Central Paratethys): stable isotope study and paleoecological implicationsPaleoecological interpretations based on stable isotope study of benthic (Uvigerina semiornata) and planktonic (Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides trilobus) foraminiferal shells from the Paratethys Vienna Basin (southwestern Slovakia) are presented. The study was performed on sediments of the Devínska Nová Ves-clay pit deposited during the Middle and Late Badenian (Middle Miocene). Our δ13C data show an enhanced nutrient input to the water column and the organic matter accumulation at the bottom of the Vienna Basin. The remineralization of accumulated organic matter on the sea floor resulted in the formation of oxygen-depleted zones, where no oxic indicators but the oxygen-deficiency tolerant species were found. Positive benthic δ18O signal can be attributed to the influence of the global cooling recognized in the world-ocean during the Middle Miocene. At the same time, variations observed in the water column are interpreted as reflecting the local temperature and salinity changes resulting from the fluvial and rain inflow. The differences between surface and bottom water temperature reflect the stratification of the water column. Such stratification might be related to the isolation process of Central Paratethys in the Badenian. This study confirms that δ13C and δ18O are not always in isotopic equilibrium with the ambient water but are also influenced by vital effects (respiration, symbiont photosynthesis …). The vital effects led to the incorporation of isotopically light metabolic CO2intoGlobigerina bulloidesresulting in high similarity between δ13C values ofUvigerinaandGlobigerina. It has been shown that the extremely high δ13C and very low δ18O ofGlobigerinoides trilobusclearly imply the influence of algal photosymbionts.
The Effects of BaF<sub>2</sub> Addition on Melt-Processed YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-x</sub> Superconductors
Authors: Feng Jian Qing , Zhou Lian , Lu Ya Feng , Zhang Ping Xiang , Xu Xiao Yan , Chen Shao Kai , Zhang Cui Ping 
Published: March 2009

The effects of BaF2 on thermal behavior and microstructure of melt-processed YBCO
superconductors have been investigated. The differential thermal analysis (DTA) results indicated
that the peritectic decomposition temperature of YBCO precursor powder was lowered when BaF2
was added (from 1020 to 976). The peritectic decomposition temperature was lowest at the
content of 5 wt.% BaF2, and the variation of melting temperature was not significant above 5 wt.%
BaF2. The microstructures of the doped samples have been observed by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM). The results showed that the

of BaF2

microstructure	.
Vibratory communication signal produced by male western conifer seed bugs (Hemiptera: Coreidae)
Authors: Takács Stephen , Hardin Karl , Gries Gerhard , Strong Ward , Bennett Robb 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that the western conifer seed bug,Leptoglossus occidentalisHeidemann, uses a substrate-borne vibratory signal for short-range communication. To record such a signal we used computers equipped with data-acquisition hardware and software, microphones sensitive to sonic and (or) ultrasonic frequencies, membrane-type and piezoelectric speakers capable of emitting sonic and ultrasonic sound, and piezoelectric devices capable of emitting low-level, low-frequency vibrations. By tapping their abdomen on substrate, males produced a wide-band vibratory signal 20 dB (sound pressure level; 0 dB = 20 µPa) above ambient sound, with dominant frequencies of 115 ± 10 and 175 ± 15 Hz and a distinct temporal pattern. There was no evidence for (i) ultrasonic signal components; (ii) signals produced by females or nymphs, or (iii) repeated trains of signal pulses. In two-choice arena experiments, males and females preferred the played-back recording of the male-produced substrate-borne signal over silent controls, whereas nymphs showed no preference for either stimulus. In two-choice dowel experiments with hickory wood or lodgepole pine crossbeams, females (unlike males or nymphs) preferred played-back recordings of the same signal over controls. In two-choice field experiments, this signal emitted in the air by piezoelectric devices or transferred through a wire to lodgepole pine branches attracted moreL. occidentalisthan did silent controls. Our data support the hypothesis thatL. occidentalisuses a substrate-borne vibratory signal for short-range communication. The use of such a signal is consistent with reports on communication by other true bug species.
Diversity of cavity-nesting bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) within apple orchards and wild habitats in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Sheffield Cory S. , Kevan Peter G. , Westby Sue M. , Smith Robert F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSolitary cavity-nesting bees, especially trap-nesting Megachilidae, have great potential as commercial pollinators. A few species have been developed for crop pollination, but the diversity, abundance, and potential pollination contributions of native cavity-nesting bees within agricultural systems have seldom been assessed. Our objectives were to compare the diversity and fecundity of cavity-nesting bees in Nova Scotia in natural ecosystems with those in apple orchards under three levels of management, using trap nests, and to determine whether any native bees show promise for development as pollinators. Our results show that species richness and numbers of bees reared from trap nests in commercially managed orchards, abandoned orchards, and natural habitats were similar, and species’ compositional patterns were not unique to specific habitats. Trap nests can be used to increase and maintain cavity-nesting bee populations within Nova Scotia apple orchards.Osmia tersulaCockerell (Megachilidae), which accounted for almost 45% of all bees captured and was the most abundant species nesting in all habitats evaluated, should be assessed for potential as a commercial pollinator of spring-flowering crops. The influence of natural cavities on bee species richness in trap-nesting surveys is also discussed.
Life history of a secondary bark beetle, Pseudips mexicanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in lodgepole pine in British Columbia
Authors: Smith G.D. , Carroll A.L. , Lindgren B.S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPseudips mexicanus (Hopkins) is a secondary bark beetle native to western North and Central America that attacks most species of pine (Pinus L. (Pinaceae)) within its range. A pair of life-history studies examined P. mexicanus in other host species, but until now, no work has been conducted on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Louden var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson). Pseudips mexicanus in lodgepole pine was found to be polygynous. Galleries were shorter, offspring smaller, and the eggs laid per niche and the potential progeny fewer than in populations from California and Guatemala. Development from the time of female attack to emergence of adult offspring took less than 50 days at 26.5 °C, and the accumulated heat required to complete the life cycle was determined to be 889.2 degree days above 8.5 °C, indicating that in the northern portion of its range P. mexicanus is univoltine. Determination of these life-history traits will facilitate study of interactions between P. mexicanus and other bark beetle associates in lodgepole pine.
Acute and chronic insecticidal activity of a new mannose-binding lectin from Allium porrum against Acyrthosiphon pisum via an artificial diet
Authors: Sadeghi Amin , Van Damme J.M. , Michiels Katrien , Kabera Anita , Smagghe Guy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn view of the increasing use of plant proteins as valuable alternatives to chemical insecticides, the susceptibility of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), to three purified mannose-binding plant lectins was determined in an artificial-diet bioassay. The insecticidal activities of a new lectin, APA (Allium porrum L. (Liliaceae) agglutinin) from garden leek, were compared with those of GNA (Galanthus nivalis L. (Liliaceae) agglutinin) from snowdrop and ASA (Allium sativum L. agglutinin) from cultivated garlic. GNA and ASA showed acute toxicity to first-instar nymphs; LC50 values for GNA and ASA were 350 and 700 µg/mL, respectively. With APA, mortality was scored only at high doses. In chronic experiments, however, lower doses significantly reduced survival and fecundity of adults (P < 0.05). Aphids fed a diet containing APA at 100, 500, and 750 µg/mL showed a significant delay in reaching adulthood and no aphids survived beyond 19 days of development. The data support the potential application of APA in the integrated management of insect pests.
Pore‐scale simulations of unsteady flow and heat transfer in tubular fixed beds
Authors: Magnico P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSmall tube‐to‐particle‐diameter ratio induces a radial heterogeneity in tubular fixed beds on the particle scale. In this complex topology, theoretical models fail to predict wall‐to‐fluid heat transfer. In order to be more realistic, a deterministic Bennett method is first used to synthesize two packings with a tube‐to‐sphere‐diameter ratio of 5.96 and 7.8, containing 236 and 620 spheres, respectively. In a second step, unsteady velocity and temperature fields are computed by CFD. In the range of Reynolds number lying between 80 and 160, hydrodynamic results are validated with experimental data. The thermal disequilibrium in the near‐wall region is described in detail. Several pseudo‐homogeneous models are compared to the numerical simulations. The radial and axial profiles of temperature show a clear agreement with the model of Schlünder's research group and the model of Martin and Nilles. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Test of the relationship between sutural ossicles and cultural cranial deformation: Results from Hawikuh, New Mexico
Authors: Wilczak Cynthia A. , Ousley Stephen D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA number of researchers have hypothesized that the biomechanical forces associated with cultural cranial deformation can influence the formation of sutural ossicles. However, it is still difficult to make definitive conclusions about this relationship because the effects appear to be quite weak, and contradictory results have been obtained when specific sutures and deformation types are compared across studies. This research retests the hypothesis using a single archeological sample of lamdoidally deformed, occipitally deformed, and undeformed crania from Hawikuh, New Mexico (AD 1300–1680). Our results show no significant difference in either the prevalence or number of ossicles between deformed and undeformed crania, suggesting that the abnormal strains generated by cranial shape modification during infancy are not a factor in ossicle development for this population. One significant relationship was detected at the right lambdoid suture in crania with asymmetrical occipital deformation. Crania that were more deformed on the left side showed greater numbers of ossicles on the right side, but the effect was small. Furthermore, the relationship may well reflect a sampling error, due to the small number of crania with greater left side deformation and scorable right side lambdoid ossicles (n = 11). Although it is possible that forms of cranial deformation other than the posterior tabular types examined here may affect ossicle expression, our review of the literature suggests that the relationship in humans is complex and incompletely understood at this time. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic skills revisited–and rewarded–in CPR's annual awards
Authors: Bleemer Russ 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA rundown of the CPR Institute 25th Annual Awards for Excellence in ADR, including excerpts, as well as registration details for next month's Chicago E‐Discovery CLE training event; the release of new CPR franchise and drafting guidance, and highlights from the keynote address at CPR's Annual Meeting.
Shape‐memory polymer networks with Fe3O4 nanoparticles for remote activation
Authors: Yakacki Christopher M. , Satarkar Nitin S. , Gall Ken , Likos Roxanne , Hilt J. Zach 
Published: March 2009

AbstractShape‐memory polymers (SMPs) have recently shown the capacity to actuate by remote heating via the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles into the polymer matrix and exposure to an alternating magnetic field. In this study, methacrylate‐based thermoset SMP networks were synthesized through free‐radical polymerization with varying amounts of Fe3O4 magnetite (0, 1, and 2.5 wt %). Furthermore, the chemistry of the networks was controlled to maintain a constant glass transition temperature (Tg) while varying the degree of chemical crosslinking. Remote heating of the networks was shown to be a direct function of the nanoparticle concentration and independent of the chemistry. Magnetite reinforcement was shown to influence the thermomechanical properties of the networks; increasing Fe3O4 concentrations led to decreases in Tg and rubbery modulus. However, networks with a higher degree of crosslinking were more resistant to thermomechanical changes with respect to magnetite concentration. Strain to failure was shown to decrease with the addition of nanoparticles and the free‐strain shape‐memory cycle was investigated for all of the networks. Networks with lower degrees of crosslinking and high magnetite concentrations showed a significant amount of irrecoverable strain. Last, the use of remotely heated shape‐memory materials is discussed in light of potential biomedical applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Keratin‐lipid structural organization in the corneous layer of snake
Authors: Ripamonti Alberto , Alibardi Lorenzo , Falini Giuseppe , Fermani Simona , Gazzano Massimo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe shed epidermis (molt) of snakes comprises four distinct layers. The upper two layers, here considered as β‐layer, contain essentially β‐keratin. The following layer, known as mesos‐layer, is similar to the human stratum corneum, and is formed by thin cells surrounded by intercellular lipids. The latter layer mainly contains α‐keratin. In this study, the molecular assemblies of proteins and lipids contained in these layers have been analyzed in the scale of two species of snakes, the elapid Tiger snake (TS, Notechis scutatus) and the viperid Gabon viper (GV, Bitis gabonica). Scanning X‐ray micro‐diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy experiments confirm the presence of the three layers in the GV skin scale. Conversely, in the TS molt a typical α‐keratin layer appears to be absent. In the latter, experimental data suggest the presence of two domains similar to those found in the lipid intercellular matrix of stratum corneum. X‐ray diffraction data also allow to determine the relative orientation of keratins and lipids. The keratin fibrils are randomly oriented inside the layers parallel to the surface of scales while the lipids are organized in lamellar structures having aliphatic chains normal to the scale surface. The high ordered lipid organization in the mature mesos layer probably increases its effectiveness in limiting water‐loss. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1172–1181, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com