bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for a global Heterogeneous Telescope Network (HTN)
Authors: Hessman F. V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe goal of this meeting is to make real progress towards the creation of a global, heterogeneous network of telescopes (HTN). The purpose of this introductory talk is to set the stage for several days of discussion about how we might create such a network. I describe the generic structure of an HTN, the roles of the necessary components, describe the interfaces needed, and discuss the management problems, and the need for a market model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The eSTAR network – agent architectures for astronomy
Authors: Allan A. , Naylor T. , Saunders E. S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe eSTAR Project uses intelligent agent technologies to carry out resource discovery, submit observation requests and analyze the reduced data returned from a meta‐network of robotic telescopes. Linking ground based telescopes with astronomical satellites, and using the emerging field of intelligent agent architectures to provide crucial autonomous decision making in software, the project has succeeded in combining data archives and research class telescopes, along with distributed computing nodes, to build an ad‐hoc peer‐to‐peer heterogeneous network of resources. We present the current operations paradigm of the eSTAR network and describe the direction in which the project intends to develop over the next few years. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design and implementation of a software package to control a network of robotic observatories
Authors: Tuparev G. , Nicolova I. , Zlatanov B. , Mihova D. , Popova I. , Hessman F. V. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe present a description of a reusable software package able to control a large, heterogeneous network of fully and semi‐robotic observatories initially developed to run the MONET network of two 1.2m telescopes. Special attention is given to the design of a robust, long‐term observation scheduler which also allows the trading of observation time and facilities within various networks. The handling of the “Phase I&II” project‐development process, the time‐accounting between complex organizational structures, and usability issues for making the package accessible not only to professional astronomers, but also to amateurs and high‐school students is discussed. A simple RTML‐based solution to link multiple networks is demonstrated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐sensitive astronomy in non‐robotic telescopes
Authors: Economou F. , Jenness T. , Cavanagh B. , Adamson A. J. , Allan A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProtocols for dealing with time‐sensitive observations have traditionally focused on robotic telescope networks and other types of automated dedicated facilities, mostly in the optical domain. Using UKIRT and JCMT as examples, which are infrared and sub‐millimetre telescopes with a traditional PI‐dominated user base, we discuss how such facilities can join a heterogeneous telescope network to their mutual advantage. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
STELLA and RoboTel – a prototype for a robotic network?
Authors: Granzer T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRobotic telescopes are more and more commonly used in today's astronomical research. In fact, several facilities are spread around the globe, already forming a loose net. A big leap forward would lie in the capabilities to share observations between different telescopes. One gains immediately weather independence and the possibility of continuous observations from a working network. In this paper, the three robotic telescope operated under the hood of the Astrophysical Institute Potsdam are introduced, the potential of a robotic telescope network are sketched out and principle hints on accomplishing such a network are outlined. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Status of the ROTSE‐III telescope network
Authors: Yost S. A. , Aharonian F. , Akerlof C. W. , Ashley M. C. B. , Barthelmy S. , Gehrels N. , Göğüş E. , Güver T. , Horns D. , Kįzįloǧlu Ü. , Krimm H. A. , McKay T. A. , Özel M. , Phillips A. , Quimby R. M. , Rowell G. , Rujopakarn W. , Rykoff E. S. , Schaefer B. E. , Smith D. A. , Swan H. F. , Vestrand W. T. , Wheeler J. C. , Wren J. , Yuan F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractROTSE‐III is a homogeneous worldwide array of 4 robotic telescopes. They were designed to provide optical observations of γ ‐ray burst (GRB) afterglows as close as possible to the start of γ ‐ray emission. ROTSE‐III is fulfilling its potential for GRB science, and provides optical observations for a variety of astrophysical sources in the interim between GRB events. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Missed opportunity for creating value in negotiations: reluctance to making Integrative Gambit Offers
Authors: Ritov Ilana , Moran Simone 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the present study we address a multi‐issue negotiation agenda, where several issues are under consideration and parties have different priorities among these issues. We suggest that in such agendas loss aversion and within issue anchoring may constrain the configuration of offers that parties propose to each other during the course of negotiation. We specifically focus on offers in which negotiators self‐propose to give the other party more than was demanded on one of the issues, while still maintaining or improving their overall value. We term such offers Integrative Gambit Offers (“IGO”s) and show that although making such offers improves integrative negotiation outcome, the frequency of making them is relatively low, and does not increase as negotiators gain experience with the task. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation effects and the neglect of indirect effects of fiscal policies
Authors: McCaffery Edward J. , Baron Jonathan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPeople tend to focus on salient cues, ignoring others. We demonstrate such isolation effects in situations involving taxes and public finance, through experiments conducted on the World Wide Web. In general, subjects minimized or ignored the longer‐term or indirect effects of tax policies, such as price increases from business taxes. Subjects preferred “hidden” taxes to transparent ones, failing to think through who would ultimately pay. The preference for hidden taxes was greater when it was uncertain who would pay. When subjects were prompted to think about indirect effects, their preference for hidden taxes was reduced but not eliminated. These observations are symptoms of general tendencies not to think ahead about the effects of public policies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair
Authors: Robertson John A. , Thomas Alex W. , Bureau Yves , Prato Frank S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIschemia‐reperfusion injuries, such as those suffered from various types of cardiovascular disease, are major causes of death and disability. For relatively short periods of ischemia, much of the damage is potentially reversible and in fact, does not occur until the influx of oxygen during the reperfusion stage. Because of this, there is a window of opportunity to protect the ischemic tissue. Here, we review several mechanisms of protection, such as heat shock proteins, opioids, collateral blood flow, and nitric oxide induction, and the evidence indicating that magnetic fields may be used as a means of providing protection via each of these mechanisms. While there are few studies demonstrating direct protection with magnetic field therapies, there are a number of published reports indicating that electromagnetic fields may be able to influence some of the biochemical systems with protective applications. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel fluorescent probe for protein binding and folding studies: p‐cyano‐phenylalanine
Authors: Tucker Matthew J. , Oyola Rolando , Gai Feng 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecently, it is has been shown that the CN stretching vibration of a non‐natural amino acid, p‐cyano‐phenylalanine (PheCN), could be used as an infrared reporter of local environment. Here, we further showed that the fluorescence emission of PheCN is also sensitive to solvent and, therefore, could be used as a novel optical probe for protein binding and folding studies. Moreover, we found that the fluorescence quantum yield of PheCN is nearly five times larger than that of phenylalanine and, more importantly, can be selectively excited even when other aromatic amino acids are present, thus making it a more versatile fluorophore. To test the feasibility of using PheCN as a practical fluorescent probe, we studied the binding of calmodulin (CaM) to a peptide derived from the CaM‐binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). The peptide (MLCK3CN) contains a single PheCN residue and has been shown to bind to CaM with high affinity. As expected, addition of CaM into a MLCK3CN solution resulted in quenching of the PheCN fluorescence. A series of stochiometric titrations further allowed us to determine the binding affinity (Kd) of this peptide to CaM. Taken together, these results indicated that the PheCN fluorescence is sensitive to environment and could be applicable to a wide variety of biological problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 571–576, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Letter 1: Randomized clinical trial of bowel preparation with a single phosphate enema or polyethylene glycol before elective colorectal surgery (Br J Surg 2006; 93: 427–433)
Authors: Pring C , Hornung B , Burke D , Sagar P 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Salts of the Cobalt(I) Complexes [Co(CO)5]+ and [Co(CO)2(NO)2]+ and the Lewis Acid–Base Adduct [Co2(CO)7COB(CF3)3]
Authors: Bernhardt Eduard , Finze Maik , Willner Helge , Lehmann Christian W. , Aubke Friedhelm 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reaction of [Co2(CO)8] with (CF3)3BCO in hexane leads to the Lewis acid–base adduct [Co2(CO)7COB(CF3)3] in high yield. When the reaction is performed in anhydrous HF solution [Co(CO)5][(CF3)3BF] is isolated. The product contains the first example of a homoleptic metal pentacarbonyl cation with 18 valence electrons and a trigonal‐bipyramidal structure. Treatment of [Co2(CO)8] or [Co(CO)3NO] with NO+ salts of weakly coordinating anions results in mixed crystals containing the [Co(CO)5]+/[Co(CO)2(NO)2]+ ions or pure novel [Co(CO)2(NO)2]+ salts, respectively. This is a promising route to other new metal carbonyl nitrosyl cations or even homoleptic metal nitrosyl cations. All compounds were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Pairing Properties of α‐Tricyclo‐DNA
Authors: Scheidegger Simon P. , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of the phosphoramidite building blocks of α‐tricyclo‐DNA (α‐tc‐DNA) covering all four natural bases, starting from the already known corresponding α‐tc‐nucleosides. These building blocks were used for the preparation of three α‐tc‐oligonucleotide 10‐mers representing a homopurine, a homopyrimidine, and a mixed purine/pyrimidine base sequence. The base‐pairing properties with complementary parallel and antiparallel oriented DNA and RNA were studied by UV‐melting analysis and CD spectroscopy. We found that α‐tc‐DNA binds preferentially to parallel nucleic acid complements through Watson–Crick duplex formation, with a preference for RNA over DNA. In comparison with natural DNA, α‐tc‐DNA shows equal to enhanced affinity to RNA and also pairs to antiparallel DNA or RNA complements, although with much lower affinity. In the mixed‐base sequence these anatiparallel duplexes are of the reversed Watson–Crick type, while in the homopurine/homopyrimidine sequences Hoogsteen and/or reversed Hoogsteen pairing is observed. Antiparallel duplex formation of two α‐tc‐oligonucleotides was also observed, although the thermal stability of this duplex was surprisingly low. The base‐pairing properties of α‐tc‐DNA are discussed in the context of α‐DNA, α‐RNA, and α‐LNA.
Highly diastereoselective synthesis of enantiopure naphthylaminoalcohols with analgesic properties
Authors: Azzolina Ornella , Collina Simona , Urbano Mariangela , Fata Emilio , Loddo Guya , Linati Laura , Lanza Enrica , Barbieri Annalisa 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe diastereoselective synthesis via Grignard reaction of enantiopure analgesic naphthylaminoalcohols has been performed. The chiral racemic key intermediate 3‐dimethylamino‐2‐methyl‐1‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)propan‐1‐one and enantiomers were prepared and transformed into the desired compounds by addition of the organometallic reagent. The chemical characterization of all diastereoisomers was accomplished by 1H NMR and HPLC analyses and the absolute configuration assigned by CD spectroscopy. The in vitro and in vivo profile has also been evaluated. Chirality 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Native nonmuscle myosin II stability and light chain binding in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Franke Josef D. , Boury Amanda L. , Gerald Noel J. , Kiehart Daniel P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNative nonmuscle myosin IIs play essential roles in cellular and developmental processes throughout phylogeny. Individual motor molecules consist of a heterohexameric complex of three polypeptides which, when properly assembled, are capable of force generation. Here, we more completely characterize the properties, relationships and associations that each subunit has with one another in Drosophila melanogaster. All three native nonmuscle myosin II polypeptide subunits are expressed in close to constant stoichiometry to each other throughout development. We find that the stability of two subunits, the heavy chain and the regulatory light chain, depend on one another whereas the stability of the third subunit, the essential light chain, does not depend on either the heavy chain or regulatory light chain. We demonstrate that heavy chain aggregates, which form when regulatory light chain is lacking, associate with the essential light chain in vivo—thus showing that regulatory light chain association is required for heavy chain solubility. By immunodepletion we find that the majority of both light chains are associated with the nonmuscle myosin II heavy chain but pools of free light chain and/or light chain bound to other proteins are present. We identify four myosins (myosin II, myosin V, myosin VI and myosin VIIA) and a microtubule‐associated protein (asp/Abnormal spindle) as binding partners for the essential light chain (but not the regulatory light chain) through mass spectrometry and co‐precipitation. Using an in silico approach we identify six previously uncharacterized genes that contain IQ‐motifs and may be essential light chain binding partners. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myosin VI altered at threonine 406 stabilizes actin filaments in vivo
Authors: Naccache Samia N. , Hasson Tama 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMyosin VI is a minus‐end directed actin‐based molecular motor implicated in uncoated endocytic vesicle transport. Recent kinetic studies have shown that myosin VI displays altered ADP release kinetics under different load conditions allowing myosin VI to serve alternately as a transporter or as an actin tether. We theorized that one potential regulatory event to modulate between these kinetic choices is phosphorylation at a conserved site, threonine 406 (T406) in the myosin VI motor domain. Alterations mimicking the phosphorylated (T406E) and dephosphorylated state (T406A) were introduced into a GFP‐myosin VI fusion (GFP‐M6). Live cell imaging revealed that GFP‐M6(T406E) expression changed the path myosin VI took in its transport of uncoated endocytic vesicles. Rather than routing vesicles inwards as seen in GFP‐M6 and GFP‐M6(T406A) expressing cells, GFP‐M6(T406E) moved vesicles into clusters at distinct peripheral sites. GFP‐M6(T406E) expression also increased the density of the actin cytoskeleton. Filaments were enriched at the vesicle cluster sites. This was not due to a gross redistribution of the actin polymerization machinery. Instead the filament density correlated to the fixed positioning of GFP‐M6(T406E)‐associated vesicles on F‐actin, leading to inhibition of actin depolymerization. Our study suggests that phosphorylation at T406 changes the nature of myosin VI's interaction with actin in vivo. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Netrin/DCC‐mediated attraction of vagal sensory axons to the fetal mouse gut
Authors: Ratcliffe Elyanne M. , Setru Suhas U. , Chen Jason J. , Li Zhishan S. , D'Autréaux Fabien , Gershon Michael D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractVagal sensory axons and migrating neural crest‐derived precursor cells follow similar pathways to reach the gut. The crest‐derived cells express the netrin receptor deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and migrate toward netrins expressed by the intestinal mucosa and pancreas; this attraction is required for the formation of submucosal and pancreatic ganglia. We tested the hypothesis that enteric netrins also attract vagal sensory fibers. These axons were located as a function of age in fetal mice by applying the lipophilic tracer 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) bilaterally to nodose ganglia. DiI‐labeled axons were found in the esophagus and proximal stomach by E12 and, more distally, in the small bowel at E14–E16. Transcripts encoding DCC were expressed in the nodose ganglia of mice from E12 to adulthood but were developmentally regulated. Paraesophageal anterior and posterior vagal trunks were DCC immunoreactive from E12 to E16. Transcripts encoding netrin‐1 were expressed in the developing foregut and midgut; netrin‐1 immunoreactivity was detected in the outer gut mesenchyme and mucosal epithelium. Neurites from explanted E14 nodose ganglia grew selectively toward cocultured E14 distal foregut explants (P< 0.01). Antibodies to DCC specifically abolished this preferential outgrowth (P< 0.05). Nodose axons also grew selectively toward cocultured netrin‐secreting 293‐EBNA cells (P< 0.005); antibodies to DCC again blocked this preferential outgrowth (P< 0.05). These data suggest that netrins, which are expressed in the bowel, attract DCC‐expressing vagal sensory axons. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:567–580, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential origin of projections from SI barrel cortex to the whisker representations in SII and MI
Authors: Chakrabarti Shubhodeep , Alloway Kevin D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have previously shown that projections from SI barrel cortex to the MI whisker representation originate primarily from columns of neurons that are aligned with the layer IV septa. SI barrel cortex also projects to SII cortex, but the origin of these projections has not been characterized with respect to the barrel and septal compartments. To address this issue, we injected retrograde tracers into the SII whisker representation and then reconstructed the location of the labeled neurons in SI with respect to the layer IV barrels. In some animals, two different tracers were injected into the whisker representations of SII and MI to detect double‐labeled neurons that would indicate that some SI neurons project to both of these cortical areas. We found that the projections to SII cortex originate from sites that are uniformly distributed throughout the extragranular layers of barrel cortex. In cases in which different tracers were injected in SII and MI, double‐labeled neurons appeared above and below the layer IV septal compartment and at sites aligned with the boundaries of the layer IV barrels. To the extent that the columns of neurons aligned with the barrel and septal compartments represent functionally distinct circuits, these results indicate that SII receives information from both circuits, whereas MI receives inputs primarily from the septal circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:624–636, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative mapping of tryptophan hydroxylase‐2, 5‐HT1A, 5‐HT1B, and serotonin transporter expression across the anteroposterior axis of the rat dorsal and median raphe nuclei
Authors: Clark Michael S. , McDevitt Ross A. , Neumaier John F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDepression and anxiety disorders are among the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and disability in the United States. Impaired serotonin neurotransmission appears to be a central mechanism inducing depressive and anxiety symptoms. Most serotonergic innervation of the forebrain arises from the median raphe nucleus (MRN) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The DRN displays a complex internal morphology, with distinct subregions varying across the anteroposterior (A‐P) axis. However, many studies have considered the DRN as a whole or used easily confused terminology to describe position. Given the large differences in receptor expression, electrophysiological properties, and connectivity between various subregions of the DRN, it appears probable that they have distinct functional roles in the regulation of behavior. To foster uniform definitions of locations within these nuclei, we have quantitatively mapped gene expression in DRN and MRN for tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 (Tph2), the serotonin transporter, as well as 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT1B receptors. These quantitative studies revealed differences in the density of expression of each gene in the ventromedial, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral subnuclei of the DRN, as well as distinct variation in expression across the A‐P axis. These findings provide additional evidence that subregions of the DRN are heterogeneous and need to be considered independently. In addition, a fine scale map of Tph2 expression suggests definitions for categorical divisions of the DRN across the A‐P axis. These are based on distinct morphological patterns of Tph2 expression and may be more reflective of physiology than the classic terminology dividing the DRN into equal thirds. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:611–623, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.