bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New phenylthiosemicarbazide‐phenoxy‐1,2,3‐triazole‐N‐phenylacetamides as dual inhibitors against α‐glucosidase and PTP‐1B for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ansariashlaghi Shirin , Fakhrioliaei Azadeh , Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Maryam , Noori Milad , Asadi Mehdi , Mojtabavi Somayeh , Faramarzi Mohammad A. , Esfahani Ensieh N. , Rastegar Hossein , Larijani Bagher , Azizian Homa , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel series of phenylthiosemicarbazide‐phenoxy‐1,2,3‐triazole‐N‐phenylacetamide derivatives (7a–l) as dual inhibitors of α‐glucosidase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1‐B (PTB‐1B). The latter enzymes are two important targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The in vitro obtained data demonstrated that all title compounds 7a–l were more potent than the standard inhibitor acarbose against α‐glucosidase while only four derivatives (7a, 7g, 7h, and 7h) were more potent than the standard inhibitor suramin against PTP‐1B. Furthermore, these data showed that the most potent α‐glucosidase inhibitor was compound 7i, with sixfold higher inhibitory activity than acarbose, and the most potent PTP‐1B inhibitor was compound 7a with 3.5‐fold higher inhibitory activity than suramin. Kinetic studies of compounds 7i and 7a revealed that they inhibited their target enzymes in a competitive mode. The docking study demonstrated that compounds 7i and 7a well occupied the active site pockets of α‐glucosidase and PTP‐1B, respectively. In silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity assays of the most potent compounds were performed, and the obtained results were compared with those of the standard inhibitors.
Novel multifunctional tacrine–donepezil hybrids against Alzheimer's disease: Design synthesis and bioactivity studies
Authors: Bayraktar Gülşah , Bartolini Manuela , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Erdoğan Mumin Alper , Armağan Güliz , Bayır Ece , Şendemir Aylin , Bagetta Donatella , Alcaro Stefano , Alptüzün Vildan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA series of tacrine–donepezil hybrids were synthesized as potential multifunctional anti‐Alzheimer's disease (AD) compounds. For this purpose, tacrine and the benzylpiperidine moiety of donepezil were fused with a hydrazone group to achieve a small library of tacrine–donepezil hybrids. In agreement with the design, all compounds showed inhibitory activity toward both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Kinetic studies on the most potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors within the series showed a mixed‐type inhibition mechanism on both enzymes. Also, the docking studies indicated that the compounds inhibit ChEs by dual binding site (DBS) interactions. Notably, tacrine–donepezil hybrids also exhibited significant neuroprotection against H2O2‐induced cell death in a differentiated human neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) cell line at concentrations close to their IC50 values on ChEs and showed high to medium blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC‐5i). Besides, the compounds do not cause remarkable toxicity in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and SH‐SY5Y cells. Additionally, the compounds were predicted to also have good bioavailability. Among the tested compounds, H4, H16, H17, and H24 stand out with their biological profile. Taken together, the proposed novel tacrine–donepezil scaffold represents a promising starting point for the development of novel anti‐ChE multifunctional agents against AD.
Magnesium Magic: State‐of‐the‐Art Nanocrystalline Materials Paving the Way for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Tan Guanglei , Tang Dan , He Lijie , Guo Lili , Bououdina Mohamed , Marwat Mohsin Ali , Zhang Quanqing , Humayun Muhammad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrogen has been regarded as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels, presenting itself as a viable and environmentally friendly energy choice. The design and fabrication of highly efficient hydrogen storage materials is crucial to the wide utilization of hydrogen‐based technologies. Magnesium‐based nanocrystalline materials have received significant interest in the field of hydrogen storage due to their remarkable hydrogen storage capabilities and release efficiency. This review emphasizes on the most useful techniques including vapor deposition, sol‐gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering, and template‐assisted approaches used for the fabrication of Magnesium‐based nanocrystalline hydrogen storage materials (Mg‐NHSMs), stressing their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements. These cutting‐edge techniques demonstrate their significance in offering useful insights into the performance of Mg‐NHSMs. Further, this review describes various applications of Mg‐NHSMs. In addition, this review highlights the conclusion and future perspectives on the improvement of magnesium based nanocrystalline materials for efficient hydrogen storage.
A framework to select tuning parameters for nonparametric derivative estimation
Authors: Liu Sisheng , Kong Xiaoli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a general framework to select tuning parameters for the nonparametric derivative estimation. The new framework broadens the scope of the previously proposed generalized criterion by replacing the empirical derivative with any other linear nonparametric smoother. We provide the theoretical support of the proposed derivative estimation in a random design and justify it through simulation studies. The practical application of the proposed framework is demonstrated in the study of the age effect on hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy adults from the IXI dataset and the study of the effect of age and body mass index on blood pressure from the Pima Indians dataset.
Cascade reactions with two non‐physiological partners for NAD(P)H regeneration via renewable hydrogen
Authors: Gasteazoro Francisco , Catucci Gianluca , Barbieri Lisa , De Angelis Melissa , Dalla Costa Alessandro , Sadeghi Sheila J. , Gilardi Gianfranco , Valetti Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn attractive application of hydrogenases, combined with the availability of cheap and renewable hydrogen (i.e., from solar and wind powered electrolysis or from recycled wastes), is the production of high‐value electron‐rich intermediates such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides.Here, the capability of a very robust and oxygen‐resilient [FeFe]‐hydrogenase (CbA5H) from Clostridium beijerinckii SM10, previously identified in our group, combined with a reductase (BMR) from Bacillus megaterium (now reclassified as Priestia megaterium) was tested. The system shows a good stability and it was demonstrated to reach up to 28 ± 2 nmol NADPH regenerated s−1 mg of hydrogenase−1 (i.e., 1.68 ± 0.12 U mg−1, TOF: 126 ± 9 min−1) and 0.46 ± 0.04 nmol NADH regenerated s−1 mg of hydrogenase−1 (i.e., 0.028 ± 0.002 U mg−1, TOF: 2.1 ± 0.2 min−1), meaning up to 74 mg of NADPH and 1.23 mg of NADH produced per hour by a system involving 1 mg of CbA5H. The TOF is comparable with similar systems based on hydrogen as regenerating molecule for NADPH, but the system is first of its kind as for the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase and the non‐physiological partners used. As a proof of concept a cascade reaction involving CbA5H, BMR and a mutant BVMO from Acinetobacter radioresistens able to oxidize indole is presented. The data show how the cascade can be exploited for indigo production and multiple reaction cycles can be sustained using the regenerated NADPH.
Production of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight poly‐γ‐glutamic acid by a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis strain and genomic and transcriptomic analyses
Authors: Zeng Wei , Liu Yuanyuan , Shu Lin , Guo Yin , Wang Linye , Liang Zhiqun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPoly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) is a microbial‐derived polymer with molecular weight (Mw) from 104 to 107 Da, and the high‐Mw (> 7.0 × 105 Da) or ultra‐high‐Mw (> 5.0 × 106 Da) γ‐PGA has important application value as a tissue engineering material, as a flocculant, and as a heavy metal remover. Therefore, how to produce these high‐Mw γ‐PGAs with low cost and high efficiency has attracted wide attention. In this study, a γ‐PGA producer was isolated from the natural environment, and identified and named Bacillus subtilis GXD‐20. Then, the ultra‐high‐Mw (> 6.0 × 106 Da) γ‐PGA produced by GXD‐20 was characterized. Interestingly, GXD‐20 could produce γ‐PGA at 42°C, and exhibited a γ‐PGA titer of up to 22.29 ± 0.59 g L−1 in a 5‐L fermenter after optimization of the fermentation process. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that the specific protein sequence and subcellular localization of PgdS (a γ‐PGA‐degrading enzyme) were closely related to the ultra‐high‐Mw of γ‐PGA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the high γ‐PGA titer at 42°C was mainly related to the high expression of genes encoding enzymes for sucrose transportation and utilization, nitrogen transportation, endogenous glutamate synthesis, and γ‐PGA synthesis. These results provide new insights into the production of ultra‐high‐Mw γ‐PGA by Bacillus at high temperatures.
Unveiling the mechanism of efficient β‐phenylethyl alcohol conversion in wild‐type Saccharomyces cerevisiae WY319 through multi‐omics analysis
Authors: Yang Chenghan , Ren Yilin , Ge Lihao , Xu Wenting , Hang Haifeng , Mohsin Ali , Tian Xiwei , Chu Ju , Zhuang Yingping 
Published: April 2024

Abstractβ‐Phenylethanol (2‐PE), as an important flavor component in wine, is widely used in the fields of flavor chemistry and food health. 2‐PE can be sustainably produced through Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although significant progress has been made in obtaining high‐yield strains, as well as improving the synthesis pathways of 2‐PE, there still lies a gap between these two fields to unpin. In this study, the macroscopic metabolic characteristics of high‐yield and low‐yield 2‐PE strains were systematically compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the production potential of the high‐yield strain might be contributed to the enhancement of respiratory metabolism and the high tolerance to 2‐PE. Furthermore, this hypothesis was confirmed through comparative genomics. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis at key specific growth rates revealed that the collective upregulation of mitochondrial functional gene clusters plays a more prominent role in the production process of 2‐PE. Finally, findings from untargeted metabolomics suggested that by enhancing respiratory metabolism and reducing the Crabtree effect, the accumulation of metabolites resisting high 2‐PE stress was observed, such as intracellular amino acids and purines. Hence, this strategy provided a richer supply of precursors and cofactors, effectively promoting the synthesis of 2‐PE. In short, this study provides a bridge for studying the metabolic mechanism of high‐yield 2‐PE strains with the subsequent targeted strengthening of relevant synthetic pathways. It also provides insights for the synthesis of nonalcoholic products in S. cerevisiae.
Artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening: Detection, classification, prediction, and prognosis
Authors: Quanyang Wu , Yao Huang , Sicong Wang , Linlin Qi , Zewei Zhang , Donghui Hou , Hongjia Li , Shijun Zhao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe exceptional capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) in extracting image information and processing complex models have led to its recognition across various medical fields. With the continuous evolution of AI technologies based on deep learning, particularly the advent of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), AI presents an expanded horizon of applications in lung cancer screening, including lung segmentation, nodule detection, false‐positive reduction, nodule classification, and prognosis.MethodologyThis review initially analyzes the current status of AI technologies. It then explores the applications of AI in lung cancer screening, including lung segmentation, nodule detection, and classification, and assesses the potential of AI in enhancing the sensitivity of nodule detection and reducing false‐positive rates. Finally, it addresses the challenges and future directions of AI in lung cancer screening.ResultsAI holds substantial prospects in lung cancer screening. It demonstrates significant potential in improving nodule detection sensitivity, reducing false‐positive rates, and classifying nodules, while also showing value in predicting nodule growth and pathological/genetic typing.ConclusionsAI offers a promising supportive approach to lung cancer screening, presenting considerable potential in enhancing nodule detection sensitivity, reducing false‐positive rates, and classifying nodules. However, the universality and interpretability of AI results need further enhancement. Future research should focus on the large‐scale validation of new deep learning‐based algorithms and multi‐center studies to improve the efficacy of AI in lung cancer screening.
Effects of syndecan‐4 silencing on the extracellular matrix remodeling in anoikis‐resistant endothelial cells
Authors: Onyeisi Jessica Oyie Sousa , Nader Helena Bonciani , Lopes Carla Cristina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnoikis is a process of programmed cell death induced by the loss of cell/matrix interactions. In previous work, we have shown that the acquisition of anoikis resistance upregulates syndecan‐4 (SDC4) expression in endothelial cells. In addition, SDC4 gene silencing by microRNA interference reverses the transformed phenotype of anoikis‐resistant endothelial cells. Due to this role of SDC4 in regulating the behavior of anoikis‐resistant endothelial cells, we have evaluated that the functional consequences of SDC4 silencing in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in anoikis‐resistant rabbit aortic endothelial cells submitted to SDC4 gene silencing (miR‐Syn4‐Adh‐1‐EC). For this, we evaluated the expression of adhesive proteins, ECM receptors, nonreceptor protein‐tyrosine kinases, and ECM‐degrading enzymes and their inhibitors. Altered cell behavior was monitored by adhesion, migration, and tube formation assays. We found that SDC4 silencing led to a decrease in migration and angiogenic capacity of anoikis‐resistant endothelial cells; this was accompanied by an increase in adhesion to fibronectin. Furthermore, after SDC4 silencing, we observed an increase in the expression of fibronectin, collagen IV, and vitronectin, and a decrease in the expression of integrin α5β1 and αvβ3, besides that, silenced cells show an increase in Src and FAK expression. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis demonstrated that SDC4 silencing leads to altered gene and protein expression of MMP2, MMP9, and HSPE. Compared with parental cells, SDC4 silenced cells showed a decrease in nitric oxide production and eNOS expression. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that SDC4 plays an important role in ECM remodeling. In addition, our findings represent an important step toward understanding the mechanism by which SDC4 can reverse the transformed phenotype of anoikis‐resistant endothelial cells.
Compound heterozygous B3GALNT2 mutations in a fetus with encephalocele: A case report
Authors: Ling Dandan , Xie Wanqin , Mao Xiao , Yang Shengzhi , Pang Haiyan , Yang Ping , Shen Ping , Tang Yabing 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageAn encephalocele is a congenital malformation characterized by protrusion of the intracranial contents through a cranial defect. We report that a fetus of a pregnant mother who had two consecutive pregnancies with ultrasound‐detected encephalocele carried compound heterozygous variants in B3GALNT2 NM_152490.5:c.[1423C > T (p.Gln475Ter)]; [261‐2A > G] of maternal and paternal origins, respectively, as confirmed by exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing validation. The present case implies that mutations in B3GALNT2, a well‐known dystroglycanopathy causative gene, may result in a phenotype of neural tube defect, providing new insights into the clinical spectrum of B3GALNT2‐related disorders. Our study may contribute to prenatal screening/diagnosis and genetic counseling of congenital brain malformations.
2‐Aryl‐3H‐1,3‐Benzazaphosphole Oxides: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer
Authors: Nakagomi Hiroaki , Murayama Nina , Takegami Rika , Fujii Kaori , Kitakado Rio , Kimura Yoshifumi , Minoura Mao , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInclusion of a heteroatom to the phosphole ring is a promising strategy to intrinsically modulate the optical properties of phosphole derivatives. We report on a series of 2‐aryl‐3H‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole oxides that were efficiently prepared via sequential C−P cross‐coupling, dehydrative [3+2] cycloaddition, and ring‐oxidation reactions. The inclusion of one nitrogen atom into the benzophosphole framework caused red shifting of the absorption and emission maxima, reflecting the greater stabilization of the LUMO level. 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzazaphosphole oxide underwent excited state intramolecular proton transfer and emitted a weak fluorescence from the excited state of the N−H tautomer.
A Stable Lithium Metal Anode Enabled by the Site‐Directed Lithium Deposition of ZnO‐Nanosheet‐Modified Carbon Cloth
Authors: Zhou Luoting , Yuan Huadong , Fang Ruyi , Huang Hui , Gan Yongping , Xia Yang , Zhang Jun , Xia Xinhui , He Xinping , Zhang Wenkui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUneven lithium (Li) metal deposition typically results in uncontrollable dendrite growth, which renders an unsatisfactory cycling stability and coulombic efficiency (CE) of Li metal batteries (LMBs), preventing their practical application. Herein, a novel carbon cloth with the modification of ZnO nanosheets (ZnO@CC) is fabricated for LMBs. The as‐prepared ZnO@CC with a cross‐linked network significantly reduces the local current density, and the design of ZnO nanosheets can promote the uniform deposition of Li metal as lithiophilic sites. As a result, the Li metal anodes (LMAs) based on ZnO@CC (ZnO@CC@Li) enables a long cycle life over 640 hours with a low overpotential of 65 mV at a current density of 4 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 in the symmetric cell. Moreover, when coupling the ZnO@CC@Li with a LiFePO4 cathode, the assembled full cell exhibits excellent long cycle and rate performance, highlighting its promising practical application prospect.
A case series of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsies diagnosed as follicular neoplasm with oncocytic features
Authors: Chen Constance V. , Krishnan Vimal , Greenland Nancy Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOncocytic lesions of the thyroid are a heterogeneous group encompassing nonneoplastic and neoplastic entities ranging from benign to malignant and have traditionally been classified as separate entities in thyroid pathology. To illustrate the diversity of these thyroid lesions, we describe three cases of fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) diagnosed as Bethesda Category IV: Follicular neoplasm, oncocytic type, under the 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), with ThyroSeq v3 molecular testing and subsequent surgical excision.
A call to action for more rigorous research on compassion‐focused interventions for eating disorders: Commentary on Paranjothy and Wade (2024)
Authors: Linardon Jake 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParanjothy and Wade's (2024) meta‐analysis identifying relations between self‐criticism, self‐compassion, and disordered eating prompted recommendations for augmenting existing front‐line interventions with compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) principles among self‐critical individuals. While in theory this sounds promising, the reality is that the evidence supporting the use of CFT for eating disorders (EDs) is limited. I argue that before any clinical recommendations can made, more research is needed to better understand the utility of CFT, as well as what precise role self‐criticism and self‐compassion play in the context of intervention. In this commentary, I present three critical avenues for future research necessary to achieve this level of understanding. These include: (1) identifying moderators of response in clinical trials so that CFT can be safely delivered to those likely to benefit from this approach and avoided for those likely to experience harm; (2) establishing mediators of change so that we can understand whether CFT works through theory‐specific or common mechanisms; and (3) testing the causal impact of intervention components so that knowledge on how to most effectively trigger the probable mediators of change can be gathered. This commentary will ideally spark further discussion, collaboration, and rigorous research dedicated to improving ED outcomes.Public SignificanceThis commentary discusses the importance of further research dedicated towards enhancing understanding of the utility of compassion‐focused interventions for eating disorders. It calls for more research on (1) testing moderators of response, (2) identifying mechanisms of change, and (3) establishing the most effective intervention components.
Highly selective removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions by porous nanomaterials
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Suhua , Wang Xiangke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the fast development of nuclear energy peaceful utilization, large amounts of U(VI) are not only required to be extracted from solutions for sustainable nuclear fuel supply but also inevitably released into the environment to result in pollution, which is hazardous to human health. Thereby, the selective extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solutions is crucial to U(VI) pollution treatment and also to nuclear industry sustainable development. In this minireview, we summarized the selective extraction of U(VI) from solutions by porous nanomaterials (i.e., porous carbon nanomaterials, covalent organic frameworks, metal organic frameworks, and other nanomaterials) using different techniques, that is, sorption, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and other strategies. The efficient high extraction ability is dependent on the properties of porous nanomaterials and the used techniques. The high surface areas, abundant active sites, and functional groups are efficient for the high sorption of U(VI), but the special functional groups such as amidoxime groups are more critical for high selective extraction. The electrocatalytic extraction is related to the active sites, especially the single atom sites, of the porous nanomaterials as electrode. The special functional groups, bandgap, electron transfer pathway and electron donor–acceptor structures of photocatalysts contribute the high photocatalytic extraction of U(VI). The interaction mechanisms are discussed from spectroscopic analysis and computational simulation at molecular level. In the end, the challenges and prospectives for the efficient extraction of U(VI) are described.