bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond skin feel: innovative methods for developing complex sensory profiles with silicones
Authors: Van Reeth Isabele 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn today's competitive skin care market, formulators strive to meet consumer demand for products that combine performance with superior esthetics. Although skin feel has always been a key esthetic parameter, consumers increasingly select products based on a more complete sensory experience, including texture, scent, visual esthetics in the container, tactile effects on application, and the performance of active ingredients such as vitamins or sunscreen.
Seagrass Planting in the Southeastern United States: Methods for Accelerating Habitat Development
Authors: Fonseca Mark S. , Kenworthy W. J. , Courtney F. X. , Hall M. O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeagrass transplanting experiments were conducted in Back Sound, Carteret County, North Carolina, and Tampa Bay, Pinellas County, Florida. In Florida, we compared three planting methods (cores, stapled bare root, and peat‐pot plugs) for shoot addition rate coverage, and labor cost (harvest, fabrication, and deployment) using Halodule wrightii. Only planting methods and development rates were recorded for Syringodium filiforme. Fertilizer additions were made to peat‐pot plantings of H. wrightii and Zostera marina in both North Carolina and Florida. Exclosure cages were tested to attempt to minimize bioturbation of H. wrightii and Z. marina in both North Carolina and Florida. Recovery from harvesting impacts to existing, natural beds of S. filiforme and H. wrightii were assessed in Florida. The peat‐pot method was about 35% and 63% less expensive in work time than staples and core tubes, respectively. Response to fertilizer additions was masked by inconsistent release properties of the fertilizer, although some indication of positive response to phosphorus fertilizer in sediments with low carbonate content, and nitrogen in general, was detected. Complete loss of peat pots, largely ascribed to bioturbation, occurred in a large planting (Tampa Bay) but not in nearby smaller ones where exclosure cages were used. Cages did not affect planting unit survival in North Carolina but did improve number of shoots per planting unit in one of three experiments. No detrimental effects of cages were noted. Existing natura beds used to harvest transplanting stock in Tampa Bay recovered from excavations as large as 0.5 m2 in one year. Significant cost savings were found to be possible through methodological improvement, including planting techniques, bioturbation exclusion, and possibly fertilizer additions.
After‐Ripening in Festuca idahoensis Seeds: Adaptive Dormancy and Implications for Restoration
Authors: Goodwin Jay R. , Doescher Paul S. , Eddleman Lee E. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Festuca idahoensis (Idaho fescue) was a common native perennial bunchgrass in the sagebrush steppe of the western United States until the introductions of domestic livestock and alien plants. Restoration of Idaho fescue to degraded sites will likely involve reseeding, and one of the factors affecting reseeding success is germinability of the seeds employed. We investigated effects of after‐ripening and storage temperature on germinability of Idaho fescue seeds collected from a central Oregon site. Six months of after‐ripening were required before maximum germination was obtained. Storage of dry seeds at either room temperature (20°C) or at cooler, alternating temperatures (5/15°C) did not alter the rate at which dormancy was lost. Storage at the warmer temperature promoted rapid germination in seeds that had broken dormancy. Seed longevity varied greatly from year to year. Seeds produced in a very dry year had poorer germination and shorter longevity than seeds produced during a year with near normal precipitation. Because seed dispersal occurs in late July and early August for Idaho fescue in central Oregon, a six‐month after‐ripening requirement ensures that the greatest potential germination coincides with the spring period most likely to provide sufficient moisture for seedling establishment.
Restoration Strategies for Coral Reefs Damaged by Recreational Activities: The Use of Sexual and Asexual Recruits
Authors: Rinkevich Baruch 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe unique marine ecosystems of coral reefs express varying levels of degradation as a result of increasing anthropogenic pressures. This is the main reason why more than 200 coral reef localities were proclaimed as natural reserves or marine parks under varying legislation, rules, and monitoring and management programs. Ironically, the conventional management plans increased accessibility to many reef localities and enhanced dramatically the impact of tourism on reef habitats. Recreational activities including SCUBA and skin diving, fishing, human trampling, sediment re‐suspension, and other damage caused by “innocent” visitors are causing a rapid deterioration of many reefs. Their destruction requires years and decades for full recovery. I propose to rehabilitate such damaged habitats by the alternate strategy of “gardening coral reefs” with asexual and sexual recruits. Coral branches, colony fragments, and whole small colonies (asexual recruits) and laboratory or in situ settled planula‐larvae (sexual recruits) are designed to be transplanted into denuded reefs for restoration. This approach is further improved when the sexual and asexual recruits are maricultured in situ within special protected areas, before being transplanted. The use of sexual recruits ensures an increase in genetic diversity. I discuss several methodologies and results already accumulated showing the applicability of this gardening strategy for rehabilitation of denuded coral reefs. This restoration strategy should be integrated with proper management similar to that of already established reforestation in terrestrial habitats. The best candidates for employing this strategy are the fast‐growing coral species, usually branching forms and species that brood their planulae larvae.
Prairie Revegetation of a Strip Mine in Illinois: Fifteen Years after Establishment
Authors: Corbett Erica A. , Anderson Roger C. , Rodgers Cassandra S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe examined the long‐term success of prairie planting on a former strip mine in northeastern Illinois. The site was reclaimed and planted with prairie species in the 1970s. Total biomass increased over time, largely as a result of an increase in biomass of non‐prairie species. Biomass of prairie species remained unchanged because of an increase in Panicum virgatum (switchgrass) offsetting decreases in Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass). Total biomass was less than values published for other restored prairies (78 ± 4 g/m2to 298 ± 72 g/m2 for our site, as opposed to 302‐489 g/m2 for the Trelease Prairie). Mycorrhizal inoculum potential (MIP) was variable across the site. There were also relatively few species of mycorrhizal fungi present as spores. Gigaspora sp., Scutellospora sp., Glomus sp., Glomus geosporum, and Glomus cf. fasciculatum were identified from spores. On a transect dominated by warm‐season (C4) prairie grasses, MIP of rhizosphere soil collected under these species was lower than the MIP of rhizosphere soil collected under exotic cool‐season (C3) grasses on a transect dominated by C3 species. On a transect with mixed warm‐and cool‐season vegetation, however, MIP did not differ under the two vegetation types. These results suggest that within‐site patchiness rather than cover type is influencing MIP. Values of MIP were lower than those reported for native Illinois prairie.
Workplace Absenteeism and Aspects of Access to Health Care for Individuals With Migraine Headache
Authors: Lofland Jennifer H. , Frick Kevin D. 
Published: April 2006

Objectives.—(1) To examine the relationship between access to care and the number of missed workdays, and (2) to determine how this relationship is confounded by the presence of having health insurance and health care use among migraineurs.Design/Methods.—This retrospective, pooled, cross‐sectional study used 1996 to 1999 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. Employed migraineurs who were between 18 and 65 years of age were included. Individuals reporting a neoplastic or an acute pain condition were excluded. An access to care index was developed using Rasch Partial Credit Analysis. A 2‐part model was used to estimate the annual number of missed workdays.Results.—Of the 703 migraineurs, 538 (77%) reported missing work time. Of those who missed work, the mean (SE) annual number of missed workdays was 4.4 (.39). A higher level of access to care (P= .025) and presence of depression (P= .033) were significantly associated with missing a greater number of workdays. We created a proxy for migraine severity based on migraine‐related prophylactic medication use and hospitalization(s). Severe migraines were significantly (OR = 2.01, SE = .51, P= .006) associated with an increased likelihood to miss workdays. When health insurance was included in the model, a higher level of access to care was significantly associated with the increased likelihood to miss workdays (OR = 1.04, SE = .021, P= .05). From the original model, the odds ratio (1.035 to 1.040) and the SE (.020 to .021) increased slightly. When health care use was included in the model and health insurance was removed, (1) emergency department visits were significantly (P= .006) associated with missing a greater number of workdays, and (2) access to care was significantly associated with missing a greater number of workdays (P= .028). When having health insurance and health care use were simultaneously included in the model, a higher level of access to care was significantly associated with greater likelihood to miss work (OR = 1.040, SE = .0212, P= .05) and missing a greater number of workdays (P= .005). However, a change of 1 standard deviation in the score would be associated with a 12% change in the odds to miss work and only 8 percentage points change in the number of missed workdays.Conclusions.—Contrary to expectations, a higher level of access to care is significantly associated with an increased likelihood to miss work and with missing a greater number of workdays. Depression, migraine severity, and health care use are important explanatory variables. Having health insurance may be a confounder between access to care and workplace absenteeism.
In Situ and Ex Vivo Evaluation of an Arthroscopic Indentation Instrument to Estimate the Health Status of Articular Cartilage in the Equine Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Authors: BROMMER HAROLD , LAASANEN MIKKO S. , BRAMA PIETER A. J. , VAN WEEREN P. RENé , HELMINEN HEIKKI J. , JURVELIN JUKKA S. 
Published: April 2006

Objective—To evaluate an arthroscopic indentation instrument (Artscan 200) for assessment of the health status of equine articular cartilage.Study Design—In vitro experiment using equine isolated proximal phalanx (P1) specimens.Sample Population—P1 specimens from 39 horses (aged 1.5–22 years).Methods—Reproducibility was tested by determination of the coefficient of variation (CV). Dynamic modulus and cartilage degeneration index (CDI) values were measured at 2 predefined sites (site 1, joint margin; site 2, joint center) to assess the accuracy and to evaluate the relation with surface integrity.Results—CV was 9.0%. A significant decrease in indenter force was identified when dynamic modulus values decreased to <2.5 MPa (range of tested samples 0.9–8.1 MPa) and when CDI values at site 1 increased to >50% (range 5.4–72.8%).Conclusions—Technique reproducibility was adequate but accuracy was limited. The device identified degeneration‐associated decreases in cartilage stiffness only when the mechanical properties of the cartilage were considerably changed.Clinical Relevance—Usefulness of this indentation instrument during arthroscopic surgery would be limited in the initial phase of OA‐like cartilage degeneration, but may yield important information in more advanced OA.
Surgery of Metastatic Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma in Five Dogs
Authors: HOBSON HOWARD PHIL , BROWN MARJORIE RAQUEL , ROGERS KENITA S. 
Published: April 2006

Objective— To identify survival and morbidity information after surgery for metastases from apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas (AGACA).Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Five dogs with AGACA.Methods— Medical records of dogs that had surgery for treatment of metastatic AGACA between 1993 and 2003 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion required that dogs had lymphadenectomy, with or without further debulking, as part of their treatment for metastatic AGACA and that the tissue was histologically confirmed as consistent with the primary AGACA. Signalment, history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic data, imaging findings, surgical complications, number of surgeries, survival times, and cause of death were recorded. All dogs had a complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, serum electrolytes, 3‐projection thoracic radiographs, abdominal radiographs and/or abdominal ultrasonography, and histologic confirmation of metastatic AGACA invading the regional lymph nodes and caudal abdomen.Results— No surgical complications occurred. Three dogs were euthanatized; median survival, 20.6 months. One dog was alive for 19 months postoperatively. One dog had 5 sequential surgical procedures: 1 iliac lymphadenectomy and 4 debulking procedures of metastatic neoplastic tissue around and dorsal to the iliac vessels extending into the pelvic cavity, and was alive 54 months after initial surgery.Conclusion— Dogs with anal sac adenocarcinoma metastases to the iliac lymph nodes can experience long‐term survival after surgical excision of the metastatic lesion.Clinical Relevance— Lymphadenectomy may afford long‐term survival to patients with metastatic anal sac adenocarcinoma.
Arthroscopic Approaches to the Palmar Aspect of the Equine Carpus
Authors: CHEETHAM JONATHAN , NIXON ALAN J. 
Published: April 2006

Objective—To identify sites for arthroscopic access to the palmar aspects of the antebrachiocarpal (AC) and middle carpal (MC) joints, and describe visible carpal bone surfaces for each approach.Study Design—Prospective experimental study.Animals—Equine carpi: 16 cadavers, 8 live horses.Methods—A latex model was used to identify possible sites for arthroscopic access to the palmar aspects of the AC and MC joints. Carpi (n=24) were examined arthroscopically and arthroscopic access sites and visible carpal bone surfaces were described.Results—Arthroscopic approaches and instrument portals were developed for the medial and lateral aspects of the palmar pouches of the AC and MC joints. The palmar surface of the radial carpal bone and radius, and the dorsal articular surfaces of the accessory carpal bone, could be viewed using palmar approaches to the AC joint. The palmar aspect of the radial, third and second carpal bones (medially) and ulnar and fourth carpal bones (laterally) could be observed using a palmar approach to the MC joint.Conclusions—Arthroscopic access, using separate medial and lateral portals to the AC and MC joints, allowed assessment of portions of the caudodistal radius, the palmar surfaces of the radial, ulnar, second, third and fourth carpal bones, and the dorsal aspect of the accessory carpal bone.Clinical Relevance—Arthroscopic approaches to the palmar aspect of the carpus could be used to remove fracture fragments, and to assess the medial palmar intercarpal ligaments.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration
Authors: KRAUS KARL H. , KIRKER‐HEAD CARL 
Published: April 2006

Objective— To review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in bone formation and regeneration, and outline the development of strategies that use MSC in bone healing and regeneration.Study Design— Literature review.Methods— Medline review, synopses of authors' published research.Results— The MSC is the basic cellular unit of embryologic bone formation. Secondary bone healing mimics bone formation with proliferation of MSC then their differentiation into components of fracture callus. Bone regeneration, where large amounts of bone must form, mimics bone healing and can be achieved with MSC combined with strategies of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction, and osteopromotion. MSC based strategies first employed isolated and culture expanded stem cells in an osteoconductive carrier to successfully regenerate a critical segmental defect in the femur of dogs, which was as effective as autogenous cancellous bone. Because MSC appeared to be immunologically privileged, a study using mismatched allogeneic stem cells demonstrated that these cells would regenerate bone without inciting an immunologic response, documenting the possibility of banked allogeneic MSC for bone regeneration. A technique was developed for selectively retaining MSC from large bone marrow aspirates at surgery for bone regeneration. These techniques utilized osteoconductive and osteoinductive carriers and resulted in bone regeneration that was similar to autogenous cancellous bone.Conclusion— MSC can be manipulated and combined with carriers that will result in bone regeneration of critically sized bone defects.Clinical Relevance— These techniques can be employed clinically to regenerate bone and serve as an alternative to autogenous cancellous bone.
Median Sternotomy Closure in Dogs: A Mechanical Comparison of Technique Stability
Authors: DAVIS KECHIA M. , ROE SIMON C. , MATHEWS KYLE G. , MENTE PETER L. 
Published: April 2006

Objective— To evaluate the mechanical properties of canine median sternotomy closure using double‐loop cerclage compared with other commonly used cerclage sternotomy closure patterns.Study Design— Experimental study.Sample Population— Forty canine cadaveric sternal segments.Methods— Median sternotomy‐wire constructs were loaded to failure in a materials testing machine. Each construct was radiographed before and after testing. Specific wire configurations tested were: 2 single twist cerclage centered on the sternebrae, single twist figure of 8 pattern centered on the sternal synchondrosis, double twist figure of 8 pattern centered on the sternal synchondrosis, 2 double‐loop cerclage centered on the sternebrae, and 1 double‐loop cerclage centered on the sternal synchondrosis. Wire configurations were compared by craniocaudal translation of sternabrae on pre‐test radiographs, and displacement during loading, and mode of failure, based on analysis of test video, and post‐test radiographs.Results— Double‐loop cerclage did not provide superior mechanical stabilization of median sternotomy. Both figure of 8 patterns had the least displacement at higher loads. Two single twists that were centered on sternebrae were least able to prevent displacement at higher loads, caused the most craniocaudal translation before testing, and fractured more often at loads ≤200 N compared with other configurations.Conclusion— Sternal wiring techniques stabilizing sternal synchondroses had the least displacement. Overall, figure of 8 cerclage appeared most suitable because they minimized displacement at high loads and facilitated accurate reduction during tensioning.Clinical Relevance— In closing canine sternotomy, figure of 8 cerclage may be most suitable. Double‐loop cerclage centered on the sternal synchondrosis should be avoided because of wire failure at high loads.
Prognostic value of cyclin D1, p27, and p63 in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Kövesi György , Szende Béla 
Published: April 2006

Background:  Studies on the expression of genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are essential to help better understand the severity and possible malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.Methods:  The characteristics of cyclin D1, p27, and p63 were investigated in this microscopic study, complementing our previous results with Ki67, p53, and the apoptosis index.Clinical and histologic as well as immunohistochemical studies were carried out on oral leukoplakia of 18 patients. Homogenous, or non‐homogenous (nodular or speckled) and erythroleukoplakia were determined clinically. Pathologic classification was performed according to the degree of dysplasia.Immunoperoxidase reaction for cyclin D1, p27, and p63 was carried out on the biopsy specimens and the positivity of the reactions was calculated for 1000 epithelial cells.Results:  The expression of cyclin D1 increased in parallel with the severity of leukoplakia. The p27 index was 14–16% in homogenous and nodular leukoplakias but it was substantially lower to 1–2% in erythroleukoplakia. The p63 index was 10% in homogenous, 5% in nodular or speckled, but nearly 20% in erythroleukoplakia, on the average.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the characteristic expression of cyclin D1, p27, and p63 in various forms of leukoplakia may be of prognostic value.
Reduced syndecan‐1 expression is correlated with the histological grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kurokawa Hideo , Zhang Min , Matsumoto Shinobu , Yamashita Yoshihiro , Tanaka Toshiko , Takamori Koichi , Igawa Kaori , Yoshida Maho , Fukuyama Hiroshi , Takahashi Tetsu , Sakoda Sumio 
Published: April 2006

Background:  Although many histopathological characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (O‐SCC) have been identified as prognostic factors, no factor is completely accurate and unequivocal. This study evaluated the association between the loss of syndecan‐1 expression and the histological grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front in O‐SCC.Methods:  The expression of syndecan‐1 at the invasive tumor front of O‐SCC was examined immunohistochemically using archived tissue from 72 cases. The mean age of the patients was 62.5 years (range: 23–90 years) and the male–female ratio was 1.3:1 (41 men, 31 women). There were 26, 24, 11, and 11 cases classified as stages I–IV respectively. The correlation between the intensity of syndecan‐1 immunostaining and the clinicopathological factors, especially the histological grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front (invasive front grade) was analyzed.Results:  Of the 72 cases, seven (9.7%), 29 (40.3%), 36 (50.0%) showed strong, intermediate, and weak or negative syndecan‐1 staining respectively. There were significant differences between syndecan‐1 expression and prognosis, differentiation, and pattern of invasion at the deep invasive front. Moreover, the invasive front grade scores, based on the intensity of syndecan‐1 staining, were 5.6 ± 1.0, 8.0 ± 2.1, and 10.2 ± 2.3 points with strong, intermediate, and weak or negative intensity respectively; and the difference was significant (P < 0.0001). Patients with intermediate or strong intensity for syndecan‐1 had significantly better prognoses than did those with negative or weak intensity (P = 0.0138).Conclusion:  This study demonstrated that the reduced expression of syndecan‐1 seems to be a useful marker of histological malignancy at the deep tumor invasive front and may be a useful prognostic factor in O‐SCC.