bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular endothelial dysfunction in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Di Nardo Giovanni , Di Pippo Mariachiara , Zenzeri Letizia , Mennini Maurizio , Piccirillo Marisa , Furio Silvia , Quatrale Giovanna , Evangelisti Melania , Parisi Pasquale , Lucchini Livia , Ferretti Alessandro , Villa Maria Pia , Scuderi Gianluca , Amadè David Sarzi , Abdolrahimzadeh Solmaz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess ocular microvasculature changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsPatients (aged 6–18 years) with IBD were recruited between September 2021 and May 2023. All eligible participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessment and laboratory investigation. Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders served as the controls. This study assessed specific IBD phenotypes, disease duration, clinical and endoscopic activity indices, laboratory markers, and medication histories. OCTA was utilized to evaluate ocular microvasculature changes in both groups.ResultsA total of 63 children (mean age 12.9 ± 3.3 years) were enrolled, comprising 38 in the IBD group (16 ulcerative colitis, 22 Crohn's disease, and 25 in the control group). Most patients in the IBD group were in remission or had mild‐to‐moderate disease activity at enrollment. Analysis of the OCTA results revealed significant differences in the choroidal luminal area and total choroidal area between the IBD and control groups.ConclusionsThe study identified distinct ocular microvasculature changes in pediatric IBD patients through OCTA, suggestive of potential systemic endothelial dysfunction. These findings underscore the utility of OCTA in evaluating microvascular alterations associated with pediatric IBD, offering insights into potential systemic complications linked to inflammation in IBD patients.
Study on the components changes of polysaccharides and saponins during nine steaming and drying of Polygonatum sibiricum
Authors: Zhang Qihong , Lin Xinyu , Su Weike 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, the content and structure of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides and saponins during different processing stages were determined.RESULTSAfter processing of Polygonatum, the content of polysaccharide and glucose decreased, and the content of galactose, glucuronic acid and sugar substitution gradually increased. The content of total saponins increased significantly. Only 18 compounds were found in raw Polygonatum and 17 new compounds were presented in processed Polygonatum. During the processing of Polygonatum, the polysaccharide was partially degraded into oligosaccharides, the molecular weight gradually decreased, and the neutral sugar was converted into uronic acid, resulting in a decrease in polysaccharide content. The saponins were partially degraded into sapogenins or modified.CONCLUSIONThis study clarifies the changes in the content and structure of polysaccharides and saponins in processed Polygonatum, which will pave the way for elucidating the processing mechanism. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Moose and white‐tailed deer mortality peaks in fall and late winter
Authors: Wehr Nathaniel H. , Moore Seth A. , Isaac Edmund J. , Kellner Kenneth F. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa manages for sustainable subsistence harvests of moose (mooz; Alces alces) and white‐tailed deer (waawaashkeshi; Odocoileus virginianus). Moose populations in northern Minnesota, USA, are declining, which may necessitate alterations to Indigenous subsistence practices. Moose and deer exhibit seasonal behaviors such as altered space use and movement strategies, to which gray wolves (ma'iingan; Canis lupus) and humans may adapt, resulting in seasonal mortality patterns. Identifying periods of increased moose and deer vulnerability is important for achieving tribal conservation objectives. We assessed seasonal cause‐specific mortality of adult moose (2010–2021) and deer (2016–2022) fitted with global positioning system collars on and near the Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Gichi Onigaming; GPIR) in Minnesota and hypothesized mortality risk would be influenced by species‐specific space use patterns and weather. We estimated survival rates and mortality risk using time‐to‐event models. We recorded 42 moose mortalities (17 health issues, 8 predations, 4 subsistence harvests, 13 unknown causes) and 49 deer mortalities (26 predations, 13 harvests, 4 other causes, 6 unknown causes). Mean annual moose survival was 83.2%, and mortality risk peaked during late winter (~25 April) and fall (~8 October). Mean annual deer survival was 48.0%, and mortality risk peaked during late winter (~25 March) and during their fall migration period (~11 November). Mortality timing coincided with transitions between space use states (i.e., periods of spatial stability), suggesting ungulates are at greater risk during these transitional periods, though movement strategy (i.e., resident vs. migratory) did not influence mortality risk. Further, increased winter severity corresponded with increased deer mortality. We observed similar temporal peaks in mortality risk when harvest mortalities were censored, suggesting our observed seasonal mortality peaks occur naturally despite harvest comprising most fall deer mortality. Our results can inform population models and harvest regulations by identifying periods of mortality risk on GPIR under Anishinaabe principles of seventh‐generation conservation planning.
Evaluation of reaction rate of thermogravimetric analysis data using periodic sinc function interpolation
Authors: Aghili Alireza , Shabani Amir Hossein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe periodic sinc function interpolation offers a compelling solution to address the issue of noise in the analysis of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data, thereby enhancing the outcomes of differential techniques such as the Friedman isoconversional method. In this study, we introduce a novel approach that leverages the periodic sinc function interpolation to directly obtain smooth reaction rates from TGA data, eliminating the reliance on numerical differentiation methods. The efficacy of this method has been confirmed through its application to noisy experimental data derived from the thermal decomposition of various polymers, showcasing its robustness. Readers are provided with the corresponding code for Gnu Octave, serving as a free alternative to MATLAB. Additionally, the activation energies calculated from the experimental data using both the Friedman method and periodic sinc function interpolation closely align with those determined by the integral Vyazovkin method, emphasizing the validity and reliability of this new approach.
High Space‐Bandwidth‐Product (SBP) Hologram Carriers Toward Photorealistic 3D Holography
Authors: Li Jin , Li Xiaoxun , Huang Xiangyu , Kaissner Robin , Neubrech Frank , Sun Shuo , Liu Na 
Published: April 2024

Abstract3D holography capable of reproducing all necessary visual cues is considered the most promising route to present photorealistic 3D images. Three elements involving computer‐generated hologram (CGH) algorithms, hologram carriers, and optical systems are prerequisites to create high‐quality holographic displays for photorealistic 3D holography. Especially, the hologram carrier directly determines the holographic display capability and the design of high space‐bandwidth‐product (SBP) optical systems. Currently, two categories of hologram carriers, i.e., spatial light modulators (SLM) and metasurfaces, are regarded as promising candidates for photorealistic 3D holography. However, most of their SBP capability still cannot match the amount of information generated by the CGH. To address this issue, tremendous efforts are made to improve the capability of hologram carriers. Here, the main hologram carriers (from SLM to metasurfaces) that are widely utilized in holography systems to achieve high SBP capability (high resolution, wide viewing angles, and large sizes) are reviewed. The purpose of this review is to identify the key challenges and future directions of SLM‐based and metasurface‐based holography for photorealistic 3D holographic images.
Determinants of remote measurement‐based care uptake in a safety net outpatient psychiatry department as part of learning health system transition
Authors: Aldis Rajendra , Rosenfeld Lisa C. , Mulvaney‐Day Norah , Lanca Margaret , Zona Kate , Lam Jeffrey A. , Asfour Julia , Meltzer Jonah C. , Leff H. Stephen , Fulwiler Carl , Wang Philip , Progovac Ana M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionBehavioral measurement‐based care (MBC) can improve patient outcomes and has also been advanced as a critical learning health system (LHS) tool for identifying and mitigating potential disparities in mental health treatment. However, little is known about the uptake of remote behavioral MBC in safety net settings, or possible disparities occurring in remote MBC implementation.MethodsThis study uses electronic health record data to study variation in completion rates at the clinic and patient level of a remote MBC symptom measure tool during the first 6 months of implementation at three adult outpatient psychiatry clinics in a safety net health system. Provider‐reported barriers to MBC adoption were also measured using repeated surveys at one of the three sites.ResultsOut of 1219 patients who were sent an MBC measure request, uptake of completing at least one measure varied by clinic: General Adult Clinic, 38% (n = 262 of 696); Substance Use Clinic, 28% (n = 73 of 265); and Transitions Clinic, 17% (n = 44 of 258). Compared with White patients, Black and Portuguese or Brazilian patients had lower uptake. Older patients also had lower uptake. Spanish language of care was associated with much lower uptake at the patient level. Significant patient‐level disparities in uptake persisted after adjusting for the clinic, mental health diagnoses, and number of measure requests sent. Providers cited time within visits and bandwidth in their workflow as the greatest consistent barriers to discussing MBC results with patients.ConclusionsThere are significant disparities in MBC uptake at the patient and clinic level. From an LHS data infrastructure perspective, safety net health systems may need to address the need for possible ways to adapt MBC to better fit their populations and clinical needs, or identify targeted implementation strategies to close data gaps for the identified disparity populations.
Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease: Results from 3343 Patients Followed for up to 12 Years
Authors: Gandhi Sacha E. , Zerenner Tanja , Nodehi Anahita , Lawton Michael A. , Marshall Vicky , Al‐Hajraf Falah , Grosset Katherine A. , Morris Huw R. , Hu Michele T. , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMotor complications are well recognized in Parkinson's disease (PD), but their reported prevalence varies and functional impact has not been well studied.ObjectivesTo quantify the presence, severity, impact and associated factors for motor complications in PD.MethodsAnalysis of three large prospective cohort studies of recent‐onset PD patients followed for up to 12 years. The MDS‐UPDRS part 4 assessed motor complications and multivariable logistic regression tested for associations. Genetic risk score (GRS) for Parkinson's was calculated from 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms.Results3343 cases were included (64.7% male). Off periods affected 35.0% (95% CI 33.0, 37.0) at 4–6 years and 59.0% (55.6, 62.3) at 8–10 years. Dyskinesia affected 18.5% (95% CI 16.9, 20.2) at 4–6 years and 42.1% (38.7, 45.5) at 8–10 years. Dystonia affected 13.4% (12.1, 14.9) at 4–6 years and 22.8% (20.1, 25.9) at 8–10 years. Off periods consistently caused greater functional impact than dyskinesia. Motor complications were more common among those with higher drug doses, younger age at diagnosis, female gender, and greater dopaminergic responsiveness (in challenge tests), with associations emerging 2–4 years post‐diagnosis. Higher Parkinson's GRS was associated with early dyskinesia (0.026 ≤ P ≤ 0.050 from 2 to 6 years).ConclusionsOff periods are more common and cause greater functional impairment than dyskinesia. We confirm previously reported associations between motor complications with several demographic and medication factors. Greater dopaminergic responsiveness and a higher genetic risk score are two novel and significant independent risk factors for the development of motor complications.
Bodily Maps of Symptoms and Emotions in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Niemi Kalle J. , Huovinen Annu , Jaakkola Elina , Glerean Enrico , Nummenmaa Lauri , Joutsa Juho 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmotions are reflected in bodily sensations, and these reflections are abnormal in psychiatric conditions. However, emotion‐related bodily sensations have not been studied in neurological disorders.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with altered bodily representations of emotions.MethodsSymptoms and emotion‐related sensations were investigated in 380 patients with PD and 79 control subjects, using a topographical self‐report method, termed body sensation mapping. The bodily mapping data were analyzed with pixelwise generalized linear models and principal component analyses.ResultsBodily maps of symptoms showed characteristic patterns of PD motor symptom distributions. Compared with control subjects, PD patients showed decreased parasternal sensation of anger, and longer PD symptom duration was associated with increased abdominal sensation of anger (PFWE < 0.05). The PD‐related sensation patterns were abnormal across all basic emotions (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate altered bodily maps of emotions in PD, providing novel insight into the nonmotor effects of PD. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Novel PINK1 p.F385S Loss‐of‐Function Mutation in an Indian Family with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Sharma Karan , Kishore Asha , Lechado‐Terradas Anna , Passannanti Raffaele , Raimondi Francesco , Sturm Marc , Sreelatha Ashwin Ashok Kumar , Puthenveedu Divya Kalikavila , Sarma Gangadhara , Casadei Nicolas , Krüger Rejko , Gasser Thomas , Kahle Philipp , Riess Olaf , Fitzgerald Julia C. , Sharma Manu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost Parkinson's disease (PD) loci have shown low prevalence in the Indian population, highlighting the need for further research.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to characterize a novel phosphatase tensin homolog‐induced serine/threonine kinase 1 (PINK1) mutation causing PD in an Indian family.MethodsExome sequencing of a well‐characterized Indian family with PD. A novel PINK1 mutation was studied by in silico modeling using AlphaFold2, expression of mutant PINK1 in human cells depleted of functional endogenous PINK1, followed by quantitative image analysis and biochemical assessment.ResultsWe identified a homozygous chr1:20648535–20648535 T>C on GRCh38 (p.F385S) mutation in exon 6 of PINK1, which was absent in 1029 genomes from India and in other known databases. PINK1 F385S lies within the highly conserved DFG motif, destabilizes its active state, and impairs phosphorylation of ubiquitin at serine 65 and proper engagement of parkin upon mitochondrial depolarization.ConclusionsWe characterized a novel nonconservative mutation in the DFG motif of PINK1, which causes loss of its ubiquitin kinase activity and inhibition of mitophagy. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Single/bidirectional pattern and beamwidth reconfigurable array antenna using reconfigurable reflecting surface
Authors: Prakash Tarun , Chaudhary Raghvendra Kumar , Gangwar Ravi Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study describes an array antenna that allows for reconfiguration of the three significant antenna properties, that is, radiation pattern, half‐power beamwidth (HPBW), and single and bi‐directional beam. A reconfigurable reflecting surface (RRS) has been designed and incorporated with the array antenna on the top and bottom. The RRS works to reflect or pass the incident electromagnetic wave. It enables us to reconfigure from single to multibeam radiation in the ±z direction. It also provides two levels of HPBW, that is, 49.6° and 95°. Eventually, the same three sets of antennae have been stacked and rotated with a 60° angle to achieve the radiation pattern reconfiguration in the entire azimuth plane. It conforms to reconfigure all three antenna properties in six directions at an equal interval of 60° angle. The achieved maximum gain in a narrow beam is 9.56 dBi. The proposed reconfigurable antenna array can be used in modern wireless communication applications.
Estimation of the relative biological effectiveness for double strand break induction of clinical kilovoltage beams using Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: McElligott Oran , Nikandrovs Mihails , McCavana Patrick , McClean Brendan , León Vintró Luis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of kilovoltage photon beams has been previously investigated in vitro and in silico using analytical methods. The estimated values range from 1.03 to 1.82 depending on the methodology and beam energies examined.PurposeThe focus of this work was to independently estimate RBE values for a range of clinically used kilovoltage beams (70–200 kVp) while investigating the suitability of using TOPAS‐nBio for this task.MethodsPreviously validated spectra of clinical beams were used to generate secondary electron spectra at several depths in a water tank phantom via TOPAS Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Cell geometry was irradiated with the secondary electrons in TOPAS‐nBio MC simulations. The deposited dose and the calculated number of DNA strand breaks were used to estimate RBE values.ResultsMonoenergetic secondary electron simulations revealed the highest direct and indirect double strand break yield at approximately 20 keV. The average RBE value for the kilovoltage beams was calculated to be 1.14.ConclusionsTOPAS‐nBio was successfully used to estimate the RBE values for a range of clinical radiotherapy beams. The calculated value was in agreement with previous estimates, providing confidence in its clinical use in the future.
Full‐dose whole‐body PET synthesis from low‐dose PET using high‐efficiency denoising diffusion probabilistic model: PET consistency model
Authors: Pan Shaoyan , Abouei Elham , Peng Junbo , Qian Joshua , Wynne Jacob F , Wang Tonghe , Chang Chih‐Wei , Roper Justin , Nye Jonathon A , Mao Hui , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposePositron Emission Tomography (PET) has been a commonly used imaging modality in broad clinical applications. One of the most important tradeoffs in PET imaging is between image quality and radiation dose: high image quality comes with high radiation exposure. Improving image quality is desirable for all clinical applications while minimizing radiation exposure is needed to reduce risk to patients.MethodsWe introduce PET Consistency Model (PET‐CM), an efficient diffusion‐based method for generating high‐quality full‐dose PET images from low‐dose PET images. It employs a two‐step process, adding Gaussian noise to full‐dose PET images in the forward diffusion, and then denoising them using a PET Shifted‐window Vision Transformer (PET‐VIT) network in the reverse diffusion. The PET‐VIT network learns a consistency function that enables direct denoising of Gaussian noise into clean full‐dose PET images. PET‐CM achieves state‐of‐the‐art image quality while requiring significantly less computation time than other methods. Evaluation with normalized mean absolute error (NMAE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), multi‐scale structure similarity index (SSIM), normalized cross‐correlation (NCC), and clinical evaluation including Human Ranking Score (HRS) and Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) Error analysis shows its superiority in synthesizing full‐dose PET images from low‐dose inputs.ResultsIn experiments comparing eighth‐dose to full‐dose images, PET‐CM demonstrated impressive performance with NMAE of 1.278 ± 0.122%, PSNR of 33.783 ± 0.824 dB, SSIM of 0.964 ± 0.009, NCC of 0.968 ± 0.011, HRS of 4.543, and SUV Error of 0.255 ± 0.318%, with an average generation time of 62 s per patient. This is a significant improvement compared to the state‐of‐the‐art diffusion‐based model with PET‐CM reaching this result 12× faster. Similarly, in the quarter‐dose to full‐dose image experiments, PET‐CM delivered competitive outcomes, achieving an NMAE of 0.973 ± 0.066%, PSNR of 36.172 ± 0.801 dB, SSIM of 0.984 ± 0.004, NCC of 0.990 ± 0.005, HRS of 4.428, and SUV Error of 0.151 ± 0.192% using the same generation process, which underlining its high quantitative and clinical precision in both denoising scenario.ConclusionsWe propose PET‐CM, the first efficient diffusion‐model‐based method, for estimating full‐dose PET images from low‐dose images. PET‐CM provides comparable quality to the state‐of‐the‐art diffusion model with higher efficiency. By utilizing this approach, it becomes possible to maintain high‐quality PET images suitable for clinical use while mitigating the risks associated with radiation. The code is availble at https://github.com/shaoyanpan/Full‐dose‐Whole‐body‐PET‐Synthesis‐from‐Low‐dose‐PET‐Using‐Consistency‐Model.
Cosmetic and functional impact of fascia lata harvest for use in surgery for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Johnson Colin , Vollstedt Annah , Nakatsuka Hannah , Orzel Joanna , Takacs Elizabeth B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere has been increased interest in using autologous tissues since the Food and Drug Administration banned transvaginal mesh for pelvic organ prolapse in 2019. Our study aims to assess patients’ perspective of functional and cosmetic impact on the fascia lata harvest site in patients undergoing fascia lata harvest for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsThis is a prospective survey study of a retrospective cohort of patients who underwent a fascia lata pubovaginal sling between 2017 and 2022. Participants completed a survey regarding the functional and cosmetic outcomes of the harvest site.ResultsSeventy‐two patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐nine patients completed the survey for a completion rate of 40.3%. For functional symptoms, 24.1% (7/29) of patients reported leg discomfort, 10.3% (3/29) reported leg weakness, 10.3% (3/29) reported a bulge, 17.2% (5/29) reported scar pain, 14.8% (4/27) reported scar numbness, and 17.2% (5/29) reported paresthesia at the scar. For cosmetic outcomes, 72.4% (21/29) reported an excellent or good scar appearance. On the PGI‐I, 75.9% (22/29) reported their condition as very much better (48.3%, 14/29) or much better (27.6%, 8/29).ConclusionsThe majority of patients reported being satisfied with the functional and cosmetic outcomes of their harvest site as well as satisfied with the improvement in their SUI. Less than 25% of patients report harvest site symptoms, including leg weakness, scar bulging, scar pain, scar numbness, or paresthesia in the scar. This is important in the context of appropriate preoperative discussion and counseling regarding fascia lata harvest.