bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of fusiform rust of southern pines in the USA
Authors: Powers H. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractControl of fusiform rust in southern pines has improved significantly over the last 10 years. The new systemic fungicide Bayleton provides excellent control in forest tree nurseries with 3 to 5 sprays per season. The topical fungicides previously used had to be applied 35 or more times per season to obtain equivalent control. Disease resistant seedlings have also become available to forest land managers for use in the reforestation programs. The first such seedlings, loblolly pines from specific geographic areas, have reduced the incidence of fusiform rust in young plantations by one‐half. Both loblolly and slash pine seedlings from rust‐resistant seed orchards are also now becoming available, and they should reduce disease levels significantly. New approaches, such as the development of seedling seed orchards from survivors of artificial inoculation tests should further improve the levels of rust resistance. Current research on the reduction of inoculum on both die pine and oak hosts may provide new management techniques for disease control.
Phaeolus schweinitzii an Pinus peuce in Bulgarien
Authors: Rossnew B. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Phacolus schweinitzii in Pinus peuce in Bulgaria. Research on wood‐rotting fungi, causing damage to Pinus peuce in forest plantations and natural stands in Bulgaria established that most damage in natural stands is caused by Phacolus schweinitzii have been characterized and the basic factors favouring its development and the damage in causes are pointed out.
Shot‐hole disease of Terminalia paniculata caused by Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum ‐ a new record1
Authors: Momanan C. , Sharma J. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA shot‐hole leaf disease Terminalia paniculata caused by Cylindrocladion quinqueseplatium is reported from Kerala, India. Symptoms of the disease and pathogenicity of the isolate are described.
Level of sugars in Scots pine trees of different sensitivity to fluoride and sulphur dioxide
Authors: Mejnartowicz L. E. , Lukasiak H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn the average there is in the needles of the studied pines 1.9 and 4.9% of reducing sugars in the fresh and dry weight of wintertime needles respectively. There is 1.4% glucose of needle fresh weight (3.0% of needle dry weight) while for fructose the corresponding values are 0.8 and 2.1%. The relative ratio of glucose to fructose was on the average 1.33. Trees more tolerant to fluorides and sulphur dioxide emitted from the phosphate fertilizers factory have a statistically significant lower level of directly reducing sugars in the dry weight of needles (37.1 mg/g) compared to sensitive trees (50.5 mg/g). The control (more tolerant trees) accumulate more glucose and fructose than sensitive ones.
Osmotic potential of spruce, fir and beech as a contribution to water budget in connection with forest decline (“Waldsterben”)
Authors: Koch W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOsmotic cell sap potentials of diseased and healthy spruce, fir and beech leaves, fine roots and cortes were determined with the aid of capillary cryoscopy. With one exception (fir needles) the diseased trees showed no reduction in osmotic potential compared to healthy trees.
The occurrence of Phaeolus schweinitzii in the soils of Sitka spruce plantations with broadleaved on non‐woodland histories
Authors: Barrett D. K. , Greig B.J.W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe soils of thirty‐five Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) plantations in southern Britain were surveyed for the presence of the root‐ and butt‐rotting fungus P. Schweinitzii. As a soil inhabitant, the fungus was found to be present in plantations with both broadleaved woodland histories and non‐woodland histories, but it was normally isolated at a higher frequency from those ex‐broadleaved woodland sites which contained diseased Sitka spruce. The implications of the presence of the fungus in the soils of the formerly non‐woodland sites, where no disease has been observed, is discussed in relation to its infection biology, as currently understood.
Basidiospores of Phaeolus schweinitzii: a source of soil infestation
Authors: Barrett D. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPersistent soil infestations with Phaeolus schweinitzii were successfully established in the forest environment using basidiospores, but there was no evidence that the fungus spread freeely through the soil while existing as a competitive saprophyte.Diseased stumps and roots of Sitka spruce remained a source of sporophore production for more than 17 years, but the principal flush of sporulation occurred within the first 7 years after felling.
Colonization of Phellinus weirii‐infested stumps by Trichoderma viride 1. Effect of isolate and inoculum base
Authors: Nelson E. E. , Thies W. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDouglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii(Mirb.) Franco] stumps infested with Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. were inoculated with the antagonist Trichoderma viride Pers.: Fr. Colonization of the stumps by Trichoderma spp. after one year was significantly higher in the upper 10‐cm than in the middle or lower 10‐cm section even though inoculum was present at all levels. A pellet inoculum made from fermented barley grains and spores proved to be superior inoculum to colonized dowels, but no difference was found among the three isolates of T. viride tested. Decayed wood was more readily colonized than stained wood and was much more readily colonized than sound wood.
Observations on some italian provenances of Melampsora populnea
Authors: Longo B. Naldini , Longo N. , Moriondo F. , Drovandi F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Melmpsora pinitorqua on Populus tremula from Tuscany and M. larici‐tremulae on P. tremula from central Alps were artificially inoculated on the same pycnio‐aecial hosts in the genera Pinus and Larix, and were compared on the grounds of their pathogenicity and of some morphological aspects. The results indicate that the two rusts can be effectively considered as two separate species as they are different both in their pathogenicity, not withstanding the partially overlapping host range, and their morphology, at least in a few characters.
Resistenzprüfung an Pappeln aus Gewebekultur
Authors: Kechel H. G. , Böden E. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Resistence tests on poplars raised by tissue culture. The possibility of testing poplar clones for susceptibility to poplar canker at an early stage was tested by inoculating plants, produced by tissue culture, at 1.5, 2, 4 and 6 weeks and 7 months. Results were positive and compared well with standard tests.
Nekrotische Flecken an Nadeln von Picea abies‐ein Symptom des Fichtensterbens?
Authors: Lang K. J. , Holdenrieder O. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Necrotic spots on needles of Picea abies‐a symptom of Norway spruce decline? On needles of Picea abies and other conifers necrotic spots were observed. Preliminary experiments showed that similar symptoms could be caused by photooxidants.
Variability among African populations of Rigidoporus lignosus and Phellinus noxius
Authors: Nicole M. , Nandris D. , Geiger J. P. , Rio B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPathogenicity and physiological characteristics were studied for the two populations of isolates. Exidence of variations has been demonstratcd for each fungus but no correlations could be established between the in vivo and in vitro parameters.
Lutte contre Rosellinia necatrix (Hartig) Berlese, agent du «pourridié laineux»: Sensibilité de quelques espèces végétales et lutte chimique
Authors: de Sousa A. J. Teixeira 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Investigation into the control of Roselinia neeatrix (Hart.):Plant susceptibility and chemical treatment. When artificially inoculatyed with Rosellmia necatrix (Hartig) Berlese, igneous species showed important differences in suseeptibility to this fungus. Some of them appeared resistant.Several herbaeous species were also infected and can be regarded as potential source of inoculum in nature.Chemical control of Rosellinta was investigated. The main results indicate the best way to use benzimidazoles
Armillaria obscura dans l'écosystème forestire de Cerdagne
Authors: Durrieu G. , Beneteau A. , Niocel S. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Armillaria obscura in the forest exosystem of Cerdagne. The “Rings” of Armillaria obseuja are surveyed in the pinus mcinala forsest of Cerdagne (french eastern Pyrenes). The fungus can be considered as a natural rejuvenation agent of forest stands. The determinism of the beginning of attacks is not well elueidated. The plants successions in destroyed stands are described.
Histological studies on the bundle sheath in needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst., diseased or fumigated with SO21
Authors: Mater‐Maercker Uta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn current year needles of diseased Picea abies the radial walls of the bundle sheath were found in a state of partial delignification, while the cells were filled with granular, heavily fluorescent substances which absorbed UV light at 280 nm. The same symptoms were observed after fumigation of healthy young plants with 0.3 ppm SO2 for 20 days. Findings may bear relevance to disturbances in water transport from the vascular system towards the evaporating surfaces of the needle.
The fatty acid composition and its alterations due to different incubation temperature in the lipids of aggressive and non‐aggressive strains of Ceratocystis ulmi
Authors: Khan M. U. , Williams J. P. , Jeng R. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLipids and their fatty acids from the mycelia of aggressive and non‐aggressive strains of Ceratocystis ulmi were examined at different incubation temperature. The quantity and degree of fatty acid unsaturation were correlated with the pathogenicity of the fungus.
Die natürliche Astreinigung und ihre biologischen Voraussetzungen
Authors: Butin H. , Kowalski T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract The natural pruning of branches and their biological conditions. III. The fungal flora of common maple, grey alder, silver beam, hornbeam and common ash. A study was made on the mycoflora of dead twigs during natural pruning of branches from Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Carpinus betulus and Fraxinus excelsior. Each species is characterized by an extreme hostspecific fungal flora. Most of the fungi belong to the ascomycetes and deuteromycetes.
Physiologie in vitro des basidiospores de Melampsora pinitorqua Conséquences pour la compréhension des infections
Authors: Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhysiology of in vitro germination of Melampsora pinitorqua Rostr. basidiospores; consequences for the understanding of the infection process. The in vitro germination of Melampsora pinitorqua Rostr. basidiospores is affected by several environmental factors: temperature, moisture, and by host substances: shoot diffusates, epicuticular waxes, terpenes. The failure of basidiospore spraying inoculations and the possible resistance factors of pines are discussed in view of the results obtained.
Butt rot in conifers caused by Serpula himantioides (Fr.) Karst.
Authors: Seehann G. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Serpula himantioides was found to be a causal agent of butt rot in Douglas fir and Japanese larch in northern Germany. The decay started predominantly from tap roots and main side roots and extended few meters into the stem. In final stages of rot the basal heartwood was completely destroyed and the residual width of healthy sapwood was reduced. Laboratory tests revealed a tolerance by the fungus to extremely acid substrates.
Ľinoculation ectomycorhizienne des plants feuillus sur tourbe fertilisée: résultats sur chêne pédonculé (Quercus robur L.) avec quatres souches fongiques
Authors: Garbaye Par J. , Perrin R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of hardwood planting stocks on fertilized peat: results with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and four fungal strains. Pedunculate oak seedlings were inoculated in the nursery with three ectomycorrhizal fungi. Results are discussed in connexion with the type of inoculum and the interactions between microbial populations in the substrate.
Rating of Waldsterben‐Symptoms (forest decline) in deciduous broadleaves during winter time
Authors: Clauser F. , Gellini R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRepeated examinations in Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris and Fagus sylvatica during the summer of 1984 and the winter of 1984/85 showed the possibility of improving the diagnosis for the disease known as “forest decline” and of facilitating the detection of damage and the epidemiological surveys for these species, probably for other deciduous broadleaves too.The absence of leaves in the rest period allows better identification of branching damage. These pathological features remain unchanged during the rest period, allowing easier epidemiological surveys and sound comparisons between observations made in the same period in different territories. It also allows accurate photographical records which can be useful for comparison between pictures taken in different years.Summer and winter observations on the studied species were consistent and allowed reciprocal integration, which make it easier to differentiate the three damage classes (slight, medium, severe) which are usually employed in epidemiological surveys of forest decline.
The occurrence of Rhabdocline needle cast on Douglas fir in Greece
Authors: Skarmoutsos G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of the needle cast disease of Douglas fir is recorded for the first time in Greece. The causal pathogenic agent is Rhabdocline pseudotsugae Syd. subsp. pseudotsugae Parker and Reid, for which the main morphological characters are given.
Infection studies with Heterobasidion annosum on young trees of Picea abies
Authors: Bazzigher G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInfection studies with Heterobasidion annosum were carried out on 15‐year‐old, cloned spruces between 1971 and 1978. The inoculum was introduced into the sapwood of the test plants at the base of the stem. All inoculations, conducted at different times of the year, were uniformly successful. The pathogen spread through the xylem tissue rapidly during the vegetation period, but from early autumn onwards gradually disappeared over the following two years. After this period, the fungus could no longer be detected.
Rasterelektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an Stomata von Fichten‐ und Tannennadeln nach Begasung und saurer Beregnung1
Authors: Von Schmitt U. , Ruetze M. , Liese W. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Scanning electron microscopical investigations on stomatal wax plugs of fir and spruce needles after fumigation and acid rain treatment Alterations of stomatal wax plugs of fir and spruce needles have been investigated in order to demonstrate the effects of different air pollutants. After acid rain treatment, and in addition to SO2 fumigation, heavily melted wax crystals were observed. It is assumed that acid rain causes mainly the changes of the stomatal wax plugs.
Biology of Septoria musiva and Marssonina brunnea in hybrid Populus plantations and control of Septoria canker in nurseries
Authors: Ostry M. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpore dispersal and symptom development of Septoria musiva and Marssonina brunnea were studied in hybrid poplar plantings in the north central United States. Ascospores or conidia were present within the plantings throughout the growing season. Results of Septoria canker control in nurseries are discussed in relation to the biology of the fungus and use of resistant clones.
Differential responses of two conifers to in vitro inoculation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Authors: Diner A. M. , Karnosky D. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractYoung seedlings and calli of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) but not jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were rapidly infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al.) Conn. Calli were extensively colonized and necrotic within 2 weeks. Seedlings swelled at the wound site, and developed multiple buds, blue‐colored needles with dense aggregations of stomates, or adventitious roots. Inoculation of juvenile conifer tissues with selected strains of plasmid donors may offer opportunity to clone engineered superior tree genotypes through in vitro micropropagation.
Resin acids and resistance of Pinus sylvestris to Melampsora pinitorqua
Authors: Gref R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe resin acid composition of Scots pine seedlings resistant and susceptible to pine twisting rust Melampsora pinitorqua) was studied at the time of artificial inoculation. There was no signilicant ifference in the resin acid pattern of resistant and susceptible families indicating that resin acids are The (M not preformed mhibitors to this rust fungus.
Fluorescence immunohistochemical detection of Armillaria and Heterobasidion in Norway spruce
Authors: Zollfrank U. , Sautter C. , Hock B. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Armillaria mellea ss. lato and Heterobasidion annosum were identified in infected Norway spruce using an indirect immunohistochemical test. Unspecific binding sites were masked by incubating the specimen with preimmune serum followed by protein A. Subsequent labeling with monospecific rabbit antibodies and fluorochrome‐conjugated protein A yielded a strong and specific fluorescent signal.
Zur Ultrastruktur der Meristemzellen in Feinstwurzeln von Fichten aus Waldschadensgebieten
Authors: Schmitt Von U. , Liese W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn the ultrastructure of meristematic tissue in fine roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) from forest decline areas. Fine root tips of spruce trees from two forest sites have been investigated.
Effects of some environmental conditions on the response of birch bark to wounding
Authors: Romakkaniemi P. , Poteri M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA histological study was carried out on the process of wound‐healing in the bark of Betula pendula after treatment at various temperatures and in the bark of B. pendula and B. pubescens after water stress. Low temperature inhibited phellogen restoration in B. pendula. Wound‐healing was delayed in B. pendula when exposed to flooding and drought, and in B. pubescens under drought. The response of B. pendula was faster than that of B. pubescens.
Kriterien zur Beurteilung der Reaktion haploider Tester mit diploiden Armillaria‐Isolierungen
Authors: Siepmann Von R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCriterions for the valuation of matings between diploid Armillaria isolates and haploid testers. A more secure valuation of the results of matings was reached when the changes in the tester mycelia were recorded not only after 20 and 35 days but also after two and three months. In confrontations between different species the mycelia of the testers (in 2/3 of the cases) grew over the diploid Armillaria colonies. In matings between testers and diploids of the same species the tester mycelia (beside changing the color) remained restricted to the line at which the who mycelia met.
Eine Methode zur Erfassung von Verlauf und Grad der Schädigung von Nadelbaumbeständen
Authors: Elling W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA procedure for the registration of the time course and degree of injury in conifer stands. Missing tree rings are detected by dendrochronological methods and systematically recorded. A procedure is described for the registration of the time course and the extent of injury in conifer stands.A highly significant correlation is demonstrated between the extent of injury in European Silver Fir and the average sulfur content in Norway Spruce needles on the basis of the bioindicator network of the Bayer. Landesamt für Umweltschutz; sulfur content in spruce needles is taken as a measure of sulfur burden of an area.
Evidence for the accelerated micromorphological degradation of epistomatal waxes in Norway spruce by motor vehicle emissions
Authors: Sauter J. J. , Kammerbauer H. , Pambor Leonie , Hock B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe epistomatal wax crystalloids of potted spruce plants exposed for 20 weeks to motor vehicle emissions along roadside and in a fumigation chamber were studied in the scanning electron microscope. An accelerated structural degradation of the wax crystalloids was observed in comparison with control plants. This structural degradation is considered to cause a structural obstruction of the stomatal antechambers and to contribute to the observed reduction of gas exchange.
Botrytis: a hazard to reforestation
Authors: Mittal R. K. , Singh Pritam , Wang B. S. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article contains a review of most of the literature on Botrytis in relation to forests. It discusses analytically various types of damage caused by different species of Botrytis to trees, tree seedlings and seeds; epidemiology of the diseases caused; and possibilities of preventing and controlling the diseases and reducing losses.
Endophytische Pilze in Nadeln von gesunden und geschädigten Fichten (Picea abies [L.] Karsten)
Authors: Sieber Von T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Endophytic fungi in needles of healthy‐looking and diseased Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karsten). Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface‐sterilized, 5 to 6 year old needles of healthy‐looking and diseased trees. Two fungal species could be isolated frequently: Lophodermium piceae and Tiarosporella parca. At any site neither L. piceae nor T. parca could be isolated more frequently from needles of diseased trees. The possible types of relationship between these two fungi and Norway spruce are discussed.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) needles in northern Finland
Authors: Huttunen S. , Heiska E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe superoxide dismutase (SOD EC 1.15.1.1) activity in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) needles in urban and rural trees of northern Finnish populations was studied. Enzyme activity was higher in pine than in spruce needles. Two pine clones from eastern Finland and Lapland revealed great differences in specific SOD enzyme activity.
Détection par piégeage du Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani
Authors: Grosclaude C. , Olivier R. , Pizzuto J.‐C. , Romiti Corinne , Madec Sylvie 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Application of the technique of trapping Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani for the study of the persistance in affected trees. The study of the persistance of Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani in affected trees is achieved by trapping of the fungus which is carried out on small branches of London plane, stripped of their bark. If C. fimbriata is present in samples of wood to be tested, it becomes visible after a few days when numerous perithecia form on the trap. Trapping the fungus by this method has been systematically achieved with young, artificially inoculated trees: in many cases, C. fimbriata persists in the wood after a period of about 19 to 22 months.
Infection experiments with Gremmeniella abietina on seedlings of Norway spruce and Scots pine
Authors: Barklund Pia , Unestam T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConidia of Gremmeniella abietina infected and caused disease symptoms in annual shoots of both Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings. In Norway spruce shoots the infection remained largely latent, with only a few seedlings showing symptoms. Mycelial growth inside the shoots was faster in Scots pine than in Norway spruce and was favoured by low temperature in both hosts. The shoots of Norway spruce seedlings had higher endophyte populations than those of Scots pine, and the populations were decreased by low temperatures. Reductions in the normal epiphytic or endophytic flora by acid mist treatments seemed to favour the development of G. abietina.