bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrence and malignant transformation of laryngeal leukoplakia treated with CO2 laser: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Chao , Gong Shanchun , Zhang Haidong , Zhang Siyao , Hu Huiying , Lu Yuanyuan , Liu Kai , Yu Zhenkun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLaryngeal leukoplakia (LL) is a white lesion with high potential of recurrence and malignant transformation. Currently, CO2 laser has become the primary surgical treatment for LL, and the recurrence and malignant transformation rates after treatment vary widely.ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis dedicated to evaluating the rates of recurrence and malignant transformation of LL lesions treated with CO2 laser and exploring relevant risk factors for recurrence or malignant transformation.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted on ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Some articles identified through hand searching were included.ResultsA total of 14 articles and 1462 patients were included in this review. Pooled results showed that the overall recurrence rate was 15%, and the malignant transformation rate was 3%. Subgroup analysis showed that the dysplasia grade was not a significant risk factor for the recurrence and malignant transformation of LL (P > .05).ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis suggest that the CO2 laser is a safe and effective surgical instrument for the excision of LL, which yields low rates of recurrence and malignant transformation. The risk factors relevant to recurrence or malignant transformation remain unclear and require further investigation.
An obesity medicine curriculum increases the obesity care self‐efficacy of internal medicine residents in the primary care setting
Authors: Chae Kacey , German Jashalynn , Kendrick Karla , Tackett Sean , O'Rourke Paul , Gudzune Kimberly A. , Laudenslager Marci 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPrimary care physicians (PCPs) report insufficient knowledge and training gaps in obesity care. Internal Medicine (IM) residency offers an opportunity to address this educational gap for future PCPs. We designed an innovative, multicomponent curriculum on obesity medicine (OM) in the primary care setting for IM residents. We then conducted a prospective, 6‐month, two‐arm study within two residency programs in Maryland evaluating feasibility (use, appropriateness for IM training, and satisfaction) of the curriculum as well as changes in self‐efficacy within seven obesity care domains, assessed on 4‐point scales (1—not at all confident to 4—very confident). One residency program received the curriculum and the other served as the control group. We recruited 35 IM residents to participate (17 intervention, 18 control). Among intervention residents, 42% used all curricular components; appropriateness and satisfaction with the curriculum were high. Compared with controls, intervention residents had statistically significant increases in five obesity care self‐efficacy domains: nutrition (intervention 0.8 vs. control 0.2, p = .02), behaviour change (1.2 vs. 0.4, p < .01), weight‐gain‐promoting medications (0.8 vs. 0.1, p = .01), anti‐obesity medications (1.2 vs. 0.5, p = .03), and bariatric surgical counselling (0.9 vs. 0.4, p = .03). There were no significant changes in physical activity or post‐bariatric surgical care domains. Our OM curriculum is feasible with IM residents and increases residents' obesity care self‐efficacy beyond what is achieved with usual IM training.
A context‐dependent perspective to understand the relation between parent–child physiological synchrony and child socioemotional adjustment
Authors: Xu Jianjie , Zhang Yutong , Wang Hui , Peng Mengting , Zhu Yuhao , Wang Xinni , Yi Zhennan , Chen Lu , Han Zhuo Rachel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhysiological synchrony is an important biological process during which parent–child interaction plays a significant role in shaping child socioemotional adjustment. The present study held a context‐dependent perspective to examine the conditional association between parent–child physiological synchrony and child socioemotional adjustment (i.e., relationship quality with parents and child emotion regulation) under different (i.e., from highly unsupportive to highly supportive) emotional contexts. One hundred and fifty school‐age Chinese children (Mage = 8.64 years, 63 girls) and their primary caregivers participated in this study. After attaching electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes, parent–child dyads were instructed to complete a 4‐minute conflict discussion task. Parent–child physiological synchrony was calculated based on the within‐dyad association between parents’ and children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) levels across eight 30‐second epochs. Parental emotional support, child relationship quality with parents, and child emotion regulation during the discussion task were coded by trained research assistants. Supporting our hypotheses, parental emotional support moderated the relations of parent–child RSA synchrony with both child relationship quality with parents and child emotion regulation. Furthermore, the Johnson‐Neyman technique of moderation indicated that the associations between parent and child RSA synchrony and child socioemotional adjustment indicators shifted from negative to positive as the parental emotional support became increasingly high. Our findings suggest that parent–child physiological synchrony may not be inherently adaptive or maladaptive, highlighting the importance of understanding the function of parent–child physiological synchrony under specific contexts.Research Highlights
Physiological synchrony may not be inherently adaptive or maladaptive, and the meanings of parent–child physiological synchrony might be contingent on contextual factors.
Parental emotional support moderated the relations between parent–child respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony and child socioemotional adjustment indicators (i.e., child relationship quality with parents and child emotion regulation).
More positive/less negative parent–child RSA synchrony was associated with better child socioemotional adjustment under a supportive emotional context, whereas with poorer child socioemotional adjustment under an unsupportive emotional context.
These findings highlight the significance of considering the emotional context in physiological synchrony studies.
Can digital transformation reduce corporate illegality?
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Ma Jijie , Zhang Kun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe advent of the digital economy has ushered in unprecedented opportunities for corporate development. Utilizing a comprehensive data set comprising Chinese listed companies spanning the period 2011–2020, this study empirically examines the impact of digital transformation on corporate illegality. The findings reveal a significant reduction in corporate illegality attributable to digital transformation. This empirical result retains its significance even when subjected to a battery of robustness tests. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, this paper conjecture that digital transformation reduces the internal and external information asymmetry, thereby curbing corporate illegality. Further heterogeneous analysis shows that digital transformation is more effective among corporates with higher agency cost (state‐owned or large corporates) or corporates located in regions with lower degree of marketization level. These heterogeneous effects provide supportive evidence to the above conjecture. The implications of this study extend the boundaries of digital transformation research and furnish novel and actionable insights into the prevention of corporate illegality.
Pivotal role of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic target in adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Ishikawa Chie , Mori Naoki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine the role of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in pathogenesis of adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL) caused by human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) and the effects of its inhibition on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway.MethodsCell proliferation, viability, cycle, and apoptosis were analyzed using WST‐8 assays, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342 staining. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti‐ATL effects of DHODH knockdown and inhibition, RT‐PCR and immunoblotting were conducted.ResultsHTLV‐1‐infected T‐cell lines aberrantly expressed DHODH. Viral infection and the oncoprotein, Tax, enhanced DHODH expression, while knockdown of DHODH decreased HTLV‐1‐infected T‐cell growth. In addition, BAY2402234, a DHODH inhibitor, exerted an anti‐proliferative effect, which was reversed by uridine supplementation. BAY2402234 induced DNA damage and S phase arrest by downregulating c‐Myc, CDK2, and cyclin A and upregulating p53 and cyclin E. It also induced caspase‐mediated apoptosis by the upregulation of pro‐apoptotic and downregulation of anti‐apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, BAY2402234 induced caspase‐independent ferroptosis and necroptosis. It decreased phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, PTEN, Akt, and its downstream targets, suggesting that inhibition of NF‐κB and Akt signaling is involved in its anti‐ATL action.ConclusionThese findings highlight DHODH as a potential therapeutic target for treating ATL.
A new method for predicting the fatigue strength at various stress ratios based on damage of metallic materials
Authors: Gao Chong , Pang Jianchao , Hu Dejiang , Li Shouxin , Qi Kaili , Wang Bin , Zhang Yanyan , Nie Liangliang , Yang Mengqi , Zhang Zhefeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prediction of fatigue strength for metallic materials in a wide range of stress ratios is a crucial engineering challenge. To pursue a more accurate method, the dependence of fatigue strength on stress ratio for 35CrMo steel and other materials was investigated in detail. It was found that as the stress ratio increases, the damage mechanism changes, and the errors of the conventional models in predicting the fatigue strength increase. The reason is that those models fail to describe the fatigue damage evolution of metallic materials under some special conditions. Based on the variational fatigue damage, a new prediction method was proposed by introducing the damage parameter. Through the validation with fatigue strength covering a variety of metallic materials and loading conditions, the method exhibits higher universality. And then the corresponding parameter of the formula is further analyzed to elucidate the influences of various loading conditions on fatigue damage of materials.
Chd8 haploinsufficiency impacts rearing experience in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Tabbaa Manal , Levitt Pat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMutations in CHD8 are one of the highest genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder. Studies in mice that investigate underlying mechanisms have shown Chd8 haploinsufficient mice display some trait disruptions that mimic clinical phenotypes, although inconsistencies have been reported in some traits across different models on the same strain background. One source of variation across studies may be the impact of Chd8 haploinsufficiency on maternal‐offspring interactions. While differences in maternal care as a function of Chd8 genotype have not been studied directly, a previous study showed that pup survival was reduced when reared by Chd8 heterozygous dams compared with wild‐type (WT) dams, suggesting altered maternal care as a function of Chd8 genotype. Through systematic observation of the C57BL/6 strain, we first determined the impact of Chd8 haploinsufficiency in the offspring on WT maternal care frequencies across preweaning development. We next determined the impact of maternal Chd8 haploinsufficiency on pup care. Compared with litters with all WT offspring, WT dams exhibited less frequent maternal behaviors toward litters consisting of offspring with mixed Chd8 genotypes, particularly during postnatal week 1. Dam Chd8 haploinsufficiency decreased litter survival and increased active maternal care also during postnatal week 1. Determining the impact of Chd8 haploinsufficiency on early life experiences provides an important foundation for interpreting offspring outcomes and determining mechanisms that underlie heterogeneous phenotypes.
Investigating the impact of primary care networks on continuity of care in English general practice: Analysis of interviews with patients and clinicians from a mixed methods study
Authors: Goff Mhorag , Jacobs Sally , Hammond Jonathan , Hindi Ali , Checkland Kath 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn England, primary care networks (PCNs) offer opportunities to improve access to and sustainability of general practice through collaboration between groups of practices to provide care with a broader range of practitioner roles. However, there are concerns that these changes may undermine continuity of care. Our study investigates what the organisational shift to PCNs means for continuity of care.MethodsThe paper uses thematic analysis of qualitative data from interviews with general practitioners and other healthcare professionals (HCPs, n = 33) in 19 practices in five PCNs, and their patients (n = 35). Three patient cohorts within each participating practice were recruited, based on anticipated higher or lower needs for continuity of care: patients over 65 years with polypharmacy, patients with anxiety or depression and ‘working age’ adults aged between 18 and 45 years.FindingsPatients and clinicians perceived changes to continuity in PCNs in our study. Larger‐scale care provision in PCNs required better care coordination and information‐sharing processes, aimed at improving care for ‘vulnerable’ patients in target groups. However, new working arrangements and ways of delivering care in PCNs undermine HCPs' ability to maintain continuity through ongoing relationships with patients. Patients experience this in terms of reduced availability of their preferred clinician, inefficiencies in care and unfamiliarity of new staff, roles and processes.ConclusionsNew practitioners need to be effectively integrated to support effective team‐based care. However, for patients, especially those not deemed ‘vulnerable’, this may not be sufficient to counter the loss of relationship with their practice. Therefore, caution is required in relation to designating patients as in need of, or not in need of continuity. Rather, continuity for all patients could be maintained through a dynamic understanding of the need for it as fluctuating and situational and by supporting clinicians to provide follow‐up care.Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)A PPI group was recruited and consulted during the study for feedback on the study design, recruitment materials and interpretation of findings.
Mechanical, morphological, and corrosion features of Ni–Cr oxide nanocomposite coating deposited on SS304 by EPD
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Hurieh , Jafari Robabeh , Azargoon Artin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCeramic composites are suitable materials to improve the surface characteristics of steel. Therefore, in this research, Ni–Cr oxide nanocomposite was coated on 304 stainless steel (SS304) by the electrophoretic approach. The effect of chemical composition and coating parameters (time and voltage) was investigated on morphology, corrosion, microhardness, and wear behavior. The nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in three different compositions (Ni–Cr oxides of 70–30, 60–40, and 50–50). The products were coated on the SS304 in 1, 2, and 3 min and 90, 110, and 130 V. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analyses were employed to investigate the characteristics of the synthesized powder and resulting coatings. The hardness, wear properties, and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied by microhardness, ball‐on‐disk, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and polarization methods. The coatings deposited at 1 min and 110 V were sound and free of microcracks. The wear resistance increased by increasing Cr%, so the 50–50 coating showed the best wear resistance with a friction coefficient of .763 and wear mass of 1.6 mg. However, the coating 70–30 presented the highest microhardness of 180.28 Hv. The coating 60–40 had the best corrosion resistance with a corrosion current density of 5.92 µA/cm2. The corrosion resistance improved for thicker coatings.
Assembled a new composite and prepared the Pd@g‐C3N4/activated carbon electrocatalyst for HCOOH electrooxidation
Authors: Saheli Sania , Rezvani Ali Reza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe new g‐C3N4/activated carbon (AC) composites consisting of low‐cost and accessible materials, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and AC with different ratios, were designed and prepared for producing the Pd@g‐C3N4/AC (1:1) and Pd@g‐C3N4/AC (1:2) electrocatalysts. As‐prepared electrocatalysts were evaluated for the electrooxidation reaction of formic acid. Combining of g‐C3N4 and AC to form composites leads to improved catalytic performance of the electrocatalysts, especially for Pd@g‐C3N4/AC (1:1). The Pd@g‐C3N4/AC (1:1) electrocatalyst has a high electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) amount in comparison with the Pd@g‐C3N4/AC (1:2) electrocatalyst. Moreover, the current density of the Pd@g‐C3N4/AC (1:1) electrocatalyst is significantly larger than the other catalyst in the present .5 M formic acid. Therefore, the g‐C3N4/AC (1:1) composite has better physicochemical properties that can improve the catalytic performance of the related electrocatalyst.
The (null) effects of video questions on applicant reactions in asynchronous video interviews: Evidence from an actual hiring context
Authors: Niemitz Nelli , Rietheimer Lucas , König Cornelius , Langer Markus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAsynchronous video interviews (AVIs) are growing in popularity, but tend to suffer from negative applicant reactions, possibly due to lower social presence compared to other interview formats. Research has suggested that specific design features may influence applicant reactions by increasing perceived social presence. In this study, we manipulated the question format (video vs. text) during an actual hiring process (N = 76), testing whether video questions influence social presence, applicant reactions, impression management, and interview performance. There was no evidence that video (vs. text) questions affected any of these variables. We discuss how specific AVI design choices may have affected our results and suggest that future research could investigate the additive and interactive effects of different AVI design features.
Comparing didactic approaches for practical skills learning in Scandinavian nursing simulation centres: A qualitative comparative study
Authors: Reierson Inger Åse , Ravik Monika , Blomberg Karin , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Bölenius Karin , Vesterager Stenholt Britta , Husebø Sissel Eikeland 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo explore and compare the didactic approaches to practical skills learning at simulation centres in Scandinavian universities and university colleges.BackgroundAcademic simulation centres are an important arena for learning practical nursing skills which are essential to ensure competent performance regarding patient safety and quality of care. Knowledge of didactic approaches to enhance learning is essential in promoting the provision and retention of students' practical nursing skills. However, research on didactical approaches to practical nursing skills learning is lacking.DesignA qualitative comparative design was used.MethodsDuring November and December 2019, interviews were conducted with a total of 37 simulation centre directors or assistant directors, each of whom possessed in‐depth knowledge of practical skills in teaching and learning. They represented bachelor nursing education in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. A qualitative deductive content analysis was conducted.ResultsThe results revealed all five predetermined didactical components derived from the didactical relationship model. Twenty‐two corresponding categories that described a variation in didactic approaches to practical skills learning in Scandinavian nursing simulation centres were identified. The didactical components of Learning process revealed mostly similarities, Setting mostly differences and Assessment showed only differences in didactic approaches.ConclusionAlthough various didactic approaches were described across the countries, no common approach was found. Nursing educational institutions are encouraged to cooperate in developing a shared understanding of how didactic approaches can enhance practical skills learning.Implications for Profession and/or Patient CareCross‐country comparisons of practical nursing skills learning in Scandinavian countries highlight the importance of educator awareness concerning the impact diverse didactic approaches may have on competent performance in nursing education. Competent performance is pivotal for ensuring patient safety and the provision of high‐quality care.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.Reporting MethodThis study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research reporting guidelines.
Social connections and innovation in diversified conglomerates
Authors: Jandik Tomas , Salikhova Tatiana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the effect of social connections between divisional managers and CEO on the scale and success of innovation activities in US diversified conglomerates. Divisional managers who previously worked or studied with the CEO file a greater number of patents during their tenure at the segment. These patents receive more citations in the future and represent a greater scientific and economic value. To provide causal support for our findings, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in connections caused by CEO nonperformance‐related retirements. The difference‐in‐differences estimation shows that after the CEO leaves the office, connected segments experience a drop in the quantity and quality of innovation activities. The effect of connections to the CEO on innovation outcomes is stronger in firms with high internal information asymmetry. These findings can imply that social connections help to mitigate adverse selection problems associated with risky R&D investments.