bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abkühlung von Medien mit hohen Prandtl‐Zahlen und stark temperaturabhängigen Viskositäten
Authors: Albert F. , Augustin W. , Förster M. , Wassmer K.‐H. , Scholl S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie Abkühlung viskoser Medien erweist sich vielfach als problematisch. Durch die mit sinkender Temperatur zunehmende Viskosität kann sich eine hochviskose Randschicht ausbilden, die den Wärmedurchgang dramatisch verschlechtert. Im Rahmen experimenteller und theoretischer Untersuchungen wurde dieses Problem für zwei unterschiedliche Stoffsysteme betrachtet: Wässrige Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)‐Lösungen mit strukturviskosem Verhalten und moderater Temperaturabhängigkeit der Viskosität sowie eine Polymerschmelze mit Newtonschem Fließverhalten aber starker Temperaturabhängigkeit derselben. Es zeigt sich, dass für ersteres System die kennzahlenbasierte Beschreibung des Wärmeübergangs gemäß VDI‐Wärmeatlas eine gute Übereinstimung mit den experimentellen Daten aufweist. Für das Polymersystem gelingt dies allerdings nicht; hier muss eine differentielle Modellierung verwendet werden.
The IFN‐γ‐induced transcriptional program of the CIITA gene is inhibited by statins
Authors: Lee Sun J. , Qin Hongwei , Benveniste Etty N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStatins are 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors that exert anti‐inflammatory effects. IFN‐γ induction of class II MHC expression, which requires the class II transactivator (CIITA), is inhibited by statins; however, the molecular basis for suppression is undetermined. We describe that statins inhibit IFN‐γ‐induced class II MHC expression by suppressing CIITA gene expression, which is dependent on the HMG‐CoA reductase pathway. In addition, CIITA expression is inhibited by GGTI‐298 or Clostridium difficile Toxin A, specific inhibitors of Rho family protein prenylation, indicating the involvement of small GTPases. Rac1 is involved in IFN‐γ inducible expression of CIITA, and statins inhibit IFN‐γ‐induced Rac1 activation, contributing to the inhibitory effect of statins. IFN‐γ induction of the CIITA gene is regulated by the transcription factors STAT‐1α, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)‐1 and upstream stimulatory factor (USF)‐1. We previously reported that statins inhibit constitutive STAT‐1α expression. IRF‐1, a STAT‐1 dependent gene, is also inhibited by statins. Therefore, statin treatment results in decreased recruitment of STAT‐1α and IRF‐1 to the endogenous CIITA promoter IV (pIV). The recruitment of USF‐1 to CIITA pIV is also reduced by statins, as is the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), p300 and Brg‐1. These data indicate that statins inhibit the transcriptional program of the CIITA gene.
Compounds of Antibacterial Agent Ciprofloxacin and Magnesium – Crystal Structures and Molecular Modeling Calculations
Authors: Turel Iztok , Živec Petra , Pevec Andrej , Tempelaar Sarah , Psomas George 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo novel magnesium complexes of the quinolone antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin (cfH) were isolated and their crystal structures determined. In both compounds, bidentate O,O′‐bonding of quinolone molecules to the metal was observed and it was also found that a very extensive intermolecular hydrogen‐bond framework is present. The structures of both compounds, [Mg(H2O)2(cfH)2](NO3)2·2H2O (1) and [Mg(cfH)3](SO4)·5H2O (2) respectively, were compared with previously isolated compounds (cfH2)2[Mg(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O (3) and [Mg(cf)2]·2.5H2O (4) and the appearance of magnesium and quinolone in these structures was analyzed in detail. The lowest energy model structures of the new complexes were determined with molecular modeling calculations and compared with the corresponding structures of 1 and 2 determined by X‐ray crystallography. Though we were not able to isolate the 1:1 magnesium–ciprofloxacin complex, modeling calculations were also performed for such a complex due to its possible importance in biological systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Facially Capped Body‐Centered Ni9W6 Cubane Modified with Sulfur‐Containing Bidentate Ligands: Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Lim Jeong Hak , Yoo Houng Sik , Kim Jae Il , Yoon Jung Hee , Yang Namgeun , Koh Eui Kwan , Park Je‐Geun , Hong Chang Seop 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA fully capped body‐centered cubane cluster [Ni9(btz)8(MeOH)8{W(CN)8}6]·18H2O·6MeOH (1) [btz = 2,2′‐bi(4,5‐dihydrothiazine)], whose periphery was modified with sulfur‐containing bidentate ligands acting as potential anchoring sites to electrodes and substrates, was prepared. The geometric analyses around the W atoms revealed that W1 adopts a distorted dodecahedron, while the other W atoms are closer to a square‐antiprism geometry than a dodecahedron. The magnetic studies of 1 reveal that ferromagnetic couplings are operative through CN bridges, generating an S = 12 ground state. It appears that magnetic anisotropy of a molecule is venerable to subtle structural variations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Palladium‐Catalyzed Dienylations of Chelated Enolates
Authors: Basak Sankar , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIsomerization‐free reactions of dienyl carbonates with chelated amino acid ester enolates at –78 °C provide important information concerning the mechanism of these dienylations. The formation of regioisomeric products can be explained by competing SN2/SN2′ reactions, and the product distribution can be influenced by the proper choice of the reaction conditions. Chiral allylic substrates show a significant transfer of chirality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Wellbeing in international development: What's new?
Authors: Copestake James 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhat does talk of wellbeing offer international development? Four possible answers are explored. First, it offers discursive space for analysing conflicting policy priorities to the extent that they are based on different assumptions about what it means for a person to ‘be well’ and about how this can be changed. Second, it draws on positive psychology to offer new ways of measuring what matters most to individuals. Third, it enriches analysis of opportunities and obstacles to policy reform. Fourth, it strengthens the case for decentralisation in the way development is managed. The arguments are illustrated with particular reference to research on wellbeing in Peru. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foreign exchange pressures in Latin America: Does debt matter?
Authors: Mandilaras Alex , Bird Graham 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLatin American countries have been in the eye of economic and financial storms several times in recent years. Advice from the International Monetary Fund has consistently highlighted the need for sound fiscal policies and lower debt levels. But is public debt relevant? Following a brief discussion of the theoretical issues involved, this paper examines empirically the relationship between public indebtedness and pressures in the foreign exchange market. Alternative measures are used to capture the latter and the analysis controls for a de facto classification of exchange rate regimes. Estimations of static and dynamic panels for 28 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries report substantial fiscal effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing protectionism and subsidies in agriculture—A gravity approach
Authors: Paiva Claudio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper provides the first comprehensive empirical analysis of agricultural trade using a gravity model. The data set covers bilateral trade in agricultural goods for 152 countries over the periods 1990–1993 and 1999–2002. The estimations support claims that protectionism and distortive subsidies to agriculture remain widespread among industrialised nations, which are shown to import fewer and export more agricultural products than expected given other economic, political and geographic determinants of trade. However, some developing regions which are often thought to be the main victims of industrial‐country protectionism are also found to be relatively closed to agricultural trade. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bolsa Família and the needy: is allocation contributing to equity in Brazil?
Authors: Haddad Mônica A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines whether the Brazilian social programme Bolsa Família is contributing to greater social equality within the country. As a measure of success, we rely on the programme's impact on public‐school enrolment, which we consider an input for social equity. Our findings show that policy makers should continue with the same system of allocation used in 2006, which proved to be contributing to greater social equality. We suggest policy maker's direct attention to the 2006 residual map depicting municipalities that have extremely over‐ and under‐predicted values, which may represent misallocation of public funds, and therefore may require some scrutiny. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Household consumption of infant foods in two low‐income districts in Malawi
Authors: Chiwaula Levison Stanley , Kaluwa Ben M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHousehold resource allocation to infant foods and infant care is investigated using data from 160 households in two low‐income districts in Malawi. Infant care is found to have a unitary budget and an inelastic price elasticity. While demand for two porridge types respond similarly to ingredients' price changes, adult meals substitute the porridges. Eradicating household income poverty; diversification of the household production, diet, infant food, and target recipients of infant nutritional information; widening the vitamin A fortification options; and targeting mothers of infants in work programmes are the proposed policy options. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brief analysis of the retention process in RP‐HPLC systems with a C30 bonded stationary phase
Authors: Zapała Wojciech 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe influence of the mobile‐phase composition on the retention of eight model substances in different RP‐HPLC systems with a C30 alkyl bonded stationary phase has been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of four valuable retention models assuming the partition and adsorption mechanism of retention. All the models were verified for different experimental data by four criteria: the sum of squared differences between the experimental and theoretical data; the approximation of the standard deviation; the Fisher test; and the F‐test ratio.
Rimonabant and metformin therapy facilitate successful progressive weight loss and insulin withdrawal in ketosis‐prone diabetes
Authors: Dawson A , Bodansky HJ 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntentional weight loss by patients with diabetes and obesity improves their glycaemic control, and reduces their morbidity and mortality. Usually, this is difficult to achieve, as long‐term dietary adherence is low and many hypoglycaemic drugs promote weight gain. Both metformin and rimonabant can promote weight loss, and this case illustrates the effectiveness of these medications in combination.A 59‐year‐old male with morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] 46) presented with a five‐week history of hyperglycaemic symptoms and recent weight loss. He had ketonuria 3+, serum glucose 16.8mmol/L, HCO3 24mmol/L and pH 7.46. A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes associated with morbid obesity presenting with ketosis was made.After inpatient treatment with twice‐daily subcutaneous (SC) mixed insulin, he was discharged home on insulin glargine 40 units daily SC, rimonabant 20mg o.d. and metformin sustained release titrating up to 2g o.d. He was given standard dietetic weight‐reducing and exercise advice. Over the next 13 months, he gradually lost 21kg in weight, from 141kg at discharge to 120kg (BMI 39.2). His insulin glargine dose was reduced progressively and stopped. His HbA1c was then 5.2% with self‐monitored glucose levels <7mmol/L.This case illustrates that combined therapy with rimonabant and metformin in a newly presenting obese ketosis‐prone, insulin‐treated patient may produce highly significant weight loss and the successful progressive withdrawal of insulin while achieving tight blood glucose control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Thomas S , Leveridge M 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDiabetic gastroparesis in its severe form is one of the most distressing diabetes complications in terms of quality of life. Delayed gastric emptying is an under‐recognised complication occurring in around a third of those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Clinically, it can present as abdominal bloating, discomfort or pain. In its severe forms it presents as nausea, vomiting and early satiety.Diagnosis is based on a typical history, exclusion of other causes and confirmation of delayed emptying, most usually by endoscopy and scintigraphy assessing solid phase emptying.Treatment consists of dietary advice, maintenance/improvement of glycaemic control and pharmacological treatment with prokinetics and anti‐emetics. Further investigation of gastric and small bowel function may be appropriate in more severe cases.Gastric pacing and gastric surgery have been used in refractory cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Physical and computational analysis of the yeastKluyveromyces lactissecreted proteome
Authors: Swaim Catherine L. , Anton Brian P. , Sharma Shamik S. , Taron Christopher H. , Benner Jack S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSecretion of proteins is the most common approach to protein expression inKluyveromyces lactis. A proteomic analysis was performed on spent fermentation medium following bioreactor propagation of a wild‐type industrial strain to identify proteins naturally secreted byK. lactiscells. Multidimensional separations were conducted and RP online ESI‐MS/MS analysis identified 81 secreted proteins. In addition, anin silicoanalysis predicted 178K. lactisproteins to be secretedviathe general secretory pathway (GSP). These two datasets were compared and approximately 70% of theK. lactisproteins detected in the culture medium possessed a GSP sequence. The detected proteins included those involved with cell wall structure and synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and proteolysis, a result that may have significant bearing on heterologous protein expression. Additionally, both the experimental andin silicodatasets were compared to similar, previously published datasets forCandida albicans. With the methodology presented here, we provide the deepest penetration into a yeast secretome yet reported.
The role of thioredoxin TrxA in Bacillus subtilis: A proteomics and transcriptomics approach
Authors: Mostertz Jörg , Hochgräfe Falko , Jürgen Britta , Schweder Thomas , Hecker Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThiol‐disulfide oxidoreductases of the thioredoxin superfamily are crucial for maintaining the thiol redox state in living organisms. For the bacterium Bacillus subtilis thioredoxin A (TrxA) was described as the product of an essential gene indicating a key role during growth. By means of mRNA profiling Smits et al. (J. Bacteriol. 2005, 187, 3921–3930) suggested a critical function for TrxA in sulfur utilization during stationary phase. We extended the analysis of TrxA to exponential growth and characterized a trxA conditional mutant by proteome analysis complemented by transcriptomics. After TrxA‐depletion, the growth rate was dramatically decreased. The cells responded at mRNA and protein level by the increased expression of genes involved in the utilization of sulfur, which represents the most obvious response as visualized by gel‐based proteomics. Furthermore, several genes of the antioxidant response were found at higher expression levels after TrxA‐depletion. When sulfate was replaced by thiosulfate or methionine as sulfur source, the growth inhibition was abolished. In the presence of thiosulfate but in the absence of TrxA, the induction of the sulfur limitation response and the oxidative stress response was not observed. Our results show that the global change of gene expression is primarily caused by the interruption of the sulfate utilization after TrxA depletion. Thus, its function in sulfate assimilation renders TrxA an essential protein in growing B. subtilis cells.
A Proteomic approach for protein‐profiling the oncogenicrasinduced transformation (H‐, K‐, and N‐Ras) in NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Seyoon , Lee Yong Zu , Kim Yu Sam , Bahk Young Yil 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPoint mutations in three kinds of Ras protein (H‐, K‐, and N‐Ras) that specifically occur in codons 12, 13, and 61 facilitate virtually all of the malignant phenotype of the cancer cells, including cellular proliferation, transformation, invasion, and metastasis. In order to elucidate an understanding into the oncogenicrasnetworks by H‐, K‐, and N‐Ras/G12V, we have established various oncogenicrasexpressing NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast clones using the tetracycline‐induction system, which are expressing Ras/G12V proteins under the tight control of expression by an antibiotics, doxycycline. Here we provide a catalog of proteome profiles in total cell lysates derived from three oncogenicrasexpressing NIH/3T3 cells and a goodin vitromodel system for dissecting the protein networks due to these oncogenic Ras proteins. In this biological context, we compared total proteome changes by the combined methods of 2‐DE, quantitative image analysis, and MALDI‐TOF MS analysis using the unique Tet‐on inducible expression system. There were a large number of common targets for oncogenicras, which were identified in all three cell lines and consisted of 204 proteins (61 in the pH range of 4–7, 63 in 4.5–5.5, and 80 in 5.5–6.7). Differentially regulated expression was further confirmed for some subsets of candidates by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies. Taken together, we implemented a 2‐DE‐based proteomics approach to the systematical analysis of the dysregulations in the cellular proteome of NIH/3T3 cells transformed by three kinds of oncogenicras. Our results obtained and presented here show that the comparative analysis of proteome from oncogenicrasexpressing cells has yielded interpretable data to elucidate the differential protein expression directly and/or indirectly, and contributed to evaluate the possibilities for physiological, and therapeutic targets. Further studies are in progress to elucidate the implications of these findings in the regulation of Ras induced transformation.
2nd BSPR London Regional Meeting and 6th Annual Imperial Proteomics Day November 2007, Imperial College London, London, UK
Authors: Nagy Judit M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe 2nd BSPR London Regional Meeting held at Imperial College London focused on nanoproteomics and single cell proteomics, the solutions to many of the technical challenges in proteomics and protein based molecular diagnostics. This one day meeting included presentations from leading scientists within and outside of Imperial College who share a common interest in novel solutions for the identification and characterization of proteins from a single cell. The conclusion was that nanomaterials are delivering enhanced reagents and have been tested at the proof‐of‐concept level, but have yet to be incorporated into routine proteomic workflows.
Optical management in high‐efficiency thin‐film silicon micromorph solar cells with a silicon oxide based intermediate reflector
Authors: Dominé Didier , Buehlmann Peter , Bailat Julien , Billet Adrian , Feltrin Andrea , Ballif Christophe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the effort to increase the stable efficiency of thin film silicon micromorph solar cells, a silicon oxide based intermediate reflector (SOIR) layer is deposited in situ between the component cells of the tandem device. The effectiveness of the SOIR layer in increasing the photo‐carrier generation in the a‐Si:H top absorber is compared for p–i–n devices deposited on different rough, highly transparent, front ZnO layers. High haze and low doping level for the front ZnO strongly enhance the current density (Jsc) in the μc‐Si:H bottom cell whereas Jsc in the top cell is influenced by the angular distribution of the transmitted light and by the reflectivity of the SOIR related to different surface roughness. A total Jsc of 26.8 mA/cm2 and an initial conversion efficiency of 12.6% are achieved for 1.2 cm2 cells with top and bottom cell thicknesses of 300 nm and 3 μm, and without any anti‐reflective coating on the glass. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface passivation schemes for high‐efficiency n‐type Si solar cells
Authors: Benick Jan , Schultz‐Wittmann Oliver , Schön Jonas , Glunz Stefan W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn effective passivation on the front side boron emitter is essential to utilize the full potential of solar cells fabricated on n‐type silicon. However, recent investigations have shown that it is more difficult to achieve a low surface recombination velocity on highly doped p‐type silicon than on n‐type silicon. Thus, the approach presented in this paper is to overcompensate the surface of the deep boron emitter locally by a shallow phosphorus diffusion. This inversion from p‐type to n‐type surface allows the use of standard technologies which are used for passivation of highly doped n‐type surfaces. Emitter saturation current densities (J0e) of 49 fA/cm2 have been reached with this approach on SiO2 passivated lifetime samples. On solar cells a certified conversion efficiency of 21.7% with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 676 mV was achieved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large Seebeck coefficients in iron‐oxypnictides: a new route towards n‐type thermoelectric materials
Authors: Pinsard‐Gaudart Loreynne , Bérardan David , Bobroff Julien , Dragoe Nita 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe iron‐oxypnictide compounds, recently reported as a new class of superconductors when appropriately doped, exhibit large Seebeck coefficients, of the order of –100 µV/K, while keeping good electrical conductivity. Their power factor shows a peak at low temperatures, suggesting possible applications of these materials in thermoelectric cooling modules in the liquid nitrogen temperature range. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of sensory cues on food searching behavior of a captive Manta birostris (Chondrichtyes, Mobulidae)
Authors: Ari Csilla , Correia João P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study reports on the first experimental research designed specifically for Manta birostris behavior. The authors attempted to learn about the feeding behavior and environmental cues influencing this behavior, as well as general cognitive ability. The preconditioned Manta's ability to identify food, on the basis of a fraction of the ordinary food signal complex, was tested. The opening of cephalic fins was considered a good indicator of feeding motivation level. The study subject animal used its biological clock to predict time and also associated a specific location with food, suggesting an ability to build up a cognitive map of its environment. Both underwater visual stimuli and olfactory stimuli had a very intense effect on food searching behavior over a 30 m distance, in contrast to visual signs from above the water surface. In addition, although an underwater visual signal resulted in a more intense response than from an olfactory signal, the specimen did not discriminate between different objects tested on the basis of visual sensation. It could therefore be suggested that food searching behavior of Mantas are governed by triggering stimuli, including smell or visual recognition, and modulated by the cognitive spatial map stored in their long‐term memory. These findings will hopefully prove useful while devising protecting policies in the natural environment and/or while keeping these animals in captivity. Zoo Biol 27:294–304, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.