bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing control of an experimental simulated moving bed unit
Authors: Erdem Gültekin , Morari Manfred , Amanullah Mohammad , Mazzotti Marco , Morbidelli Massimo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSimulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography has become a key separation technology in the areas of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry thanks to its high productivity and short process development times. Today, modeling, design, and optimization of the SMB process are regarded to be well established. On the other hand, long term robust/optimized operation of the process is still an open issue. The common practice is to operate the SMB units under suboptimal operating conditions in order to gain the necessary robustness. The operating parameters are tuned manually by experienced operators in order to maintain the product specifications in the long term. Therefore, as SMB applications spread, the SMB process control problem becomes increasingly important. Recently, we have proposed an on‐line optimization based SMB control scheme that allows exploiting the full economic potential of the SMB technology on the basis of minimal information. This work addresses the experimental implementation of the developed control concept on an eight‐column four‐section laboratory SMB unit that is used to separate the binary mixture of nucleosides uridine and guanosine. The performance of the SMB control scheme is demonstrated via several experimental controlled SMB runs that are designed to challenge the robust performance of the controller. The reported results aim to demonstrate that the controller is able to deliver the products with the specified purities and to optimize the process performance despite uncertainties in the system behavior and disturbances taking place during the operation. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Persulfurated Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Gingras Marc , Raimundo Jean‐Manuel , Chabre Yoann M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPersulfurated arenes have been known for about 50 years but they were underexploited in chemistry in spite of facile, mild, and high‐yielding syntheses. Their properties (redox potentials, UV/Vis absorption, conductivity, nonlinear optical properties, etc.) are mainly due to the aromaticity of the ring with sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms and to the electronic contribution from numerous divalent sulfur ligands, which also stabilize negative or positive charges. The characteristic conformational patterns of the sulfur ligands often facilitate preorganization in supramolecular assemblies, with or without thiophilic metal cations, for designing redox sensors, ion‐selective membranes, clathrates, organic conductors, nonlinear optical materials, liquid crystals, coordination polymers, and bioinorganic systems. A new class of supramolecules with various molecular shapes such as asterisks, chains, wheels, and windmills were reported.
Further Evaluation of a Series of Anti‐Inflammatory N‐Pyrrolylcarboxylic Acids: Effects on the Nociception in Rats
Authors: Bocheva Adriana , Bijev Atanas , Nankov Atanas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe analgesic activity of nine substituted N‐pyrrolylcarboxylic acids, previously reported as anti‐inflammatory agents, has been evaluated. The effects on nociception were examined in male Wistar rats by the Randall‐Selitto paw‐pressure test. The compounds were administrated in doses 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg both i.p. and p.o. As a whole, the activities of 3‐(N‐pyrrolyl)propanoic acids 3e–3h and 2‐[3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐1H‐1‐pyrrolyl]‐3‐methylpentanoic acid 3i were comparable with or superior to that of metamizole used as a reference (200 mg/kg, i.p.), whereas only 3a from among the N‐pyrrolyl‐acetic acids 3a–3d showed analgesic activity on the inflamed paw. The compounds found most promising to increase the pain threshold significantly were the same ones with the higher anti‐inflammatory activity registered in our previous study: 3‐[3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐1H‐1‐pyrrolyl]propanoic acid 3e, together with its 5‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐ 3f, 5‐phenyl‐ 3g, and 5‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐ 3h analogs. Certain parallels between the analgesic activities and some physicochemical properties were observed.
Association of killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor genotypes with microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Miyashita Risa , Tsuchiya Naoyuki , Yabe Toshio , Kobayashi Shigeto , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Ozaki Shoichi , Tokunaga Katsushi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveGenetic background and infection have been implicated in the etiology of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) are a diverse family of activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and T cells, the genes of which show extreme polymorphism. Some KIRs bind to HLA class I subgroups, and genetic interactions between KIR genes and their ligand HLA have been shown to be associated with several autoimmune and viral diseases. In this study, we examined possible associations of the presence or absence of KIR loci with a genetic predisposition to MPA.MethodsThe presence or absence of 14 KIR loci was determined in 57 myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–positive Japanese subjects (43 patients with MPA and 239 healthy controls).ResultsThe carrier frequency of activating KIR2DS3 was significantly decreased among patients with MPA compared with healthy controls (4.7% versus 16.7%; P = 0.038, odds ratio [OR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.06–0.94). When KIRs were analyzed in combination with their HLA ligands, the proportion of individuals carrying inhibitory KIR3DL1 and HLA–Bw4 but not activating receptor KIR3DS1, a combination presumed to be the most inhibitory of all KIR3DS1/3DL1/HLA–B combinations, was significantly increased in the MPA group compared with the control group (46.5% versus 27.0%; P = 0.014, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.18–4.70). Furthermore, when subjects were classified according to KIR3DL1/3DS1/HLA–B and KIR2DL1/ HLA–C combinations, an increasing trend toward susceptibility was observed as combinations became more inhibitory.ConclusionThe decreased activation potential of NK and/or T cells associated with KIR/HLA genotypes may predispose to MPA, possibly through insufficient resistance against infections.
Neutrophils from patients with TNFRSF1A mutations display resistance to tumor necrosis factor–induced apoptosis: Pathogenetic and clinical implications
Authors: D'Osualdo Andrea , Ferlito Francesca , Prigione Ignazia , Obici Laura , Meini Antonella , Zulian Francesco , Pontillo Alessandra , Corona Fabrizia , Barcellona Roberto , Duca Marco Di , Santamaria Giuseppe , Traverso Francesco , Picco Paolo , Baldi Maurizia , Plebani Alessandro , Ravazzolo Roberto , Ceccherini Isabella , Martini Alberto , Gattorno Marco 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo explore tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–induced apoptosis in neutrophils from patients with TNF receptor–associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) and to correlate the results with the different kinds of TNFRSF1A mutations.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐five patients with clinically suspected inherited autoinflammatory syndrome were screened for mutations of the TNFRSF1A gene. Neutrophils were isolated from heparinized blood by dextran sedimentation and incubated with and without cycloheximide (CHX) and TNFα. Cell apoptosis was assessed by human annexin V binding, and caspase 8 activation was assessed by flow cytometry.ResultsTwenty‐one patients were found to carry a variant of the TNFRSF1A gene: 13 patients had an R92Q substitution, and 8 patients presented other missense substitutions, 1 splicing mutation, and 1 in‐frame interstitial deletion. Neutrophil stimulation with TNF and CHX was associated with induction of apoptosis in 12 normal controls and in 10 subjects with the R92Q mutation. Conversely, neutrophils from 8 TRAPS patients with mutations of cysteine or threonine residues or interstitial deletion did not show any induction of apoptosis after stimulation. The incidence of the R92Q mutation among patients with recurrent autoinflammatory syndromes was similar to that observed in the normal population.ConclusionResistance to TNF‐mediated apoptosis is a feature in TRAPS patients who have mutations of cysteine residues or interstitial deletion, and may play a pathogenic role. The R92Q mutation does not appear to be significantly associated with TRAPS.
Myo‐inositol enhances teratogenicity of valproic acid in the mouse
Authors: Massa Valentina , Wlodarczyk Bogdan , Giavini Erminio , Finnell Richard H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDValproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant drug that is widely used therapeutically for a variety of neurological conditions. VPA is also well known for its teratogenic potential in both humans and experimental animal models. The typical malformations observed following VPA exposure include neural tube defects (NTDs) and craniofacial and skeletal malformations. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying VPA's anticonvulsant efficacy or its teratogenicity remain to be elucidated. It was recently suggested that a relationship exists between VPA exposure and the cellular depletion of myo‐inositol (INO). Furthermore, INO has been shown to rescue NTDs in the curly tail mouse. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of VPA and INO in the developing embryo.METHODSFor this purpose, 2 strains of mice were used: SWV/Fnn (known to be sensitive to VPA) and LM/Bc (known to be resistant to VPA‐induced NTDs). Pregnant females were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: control, VPA (600 mg/kg), INO (400 mg/kg), and VPA plus INO. VPA was injected IP at 8.5 days postcoitum (dpc). INO was administered PO twice a day from 6.5 to 10.5 dpc. At term the dams were killed, the uteri were removed, and all of the general toxicological parameters (number of implants, resorptions, dam weight, and fetus weight) were recorded and statistically analyzed.RESULTSPostimplantation loss in the SWV/Fnn strain and NTDs in the LM/Bc strain were significantly increased after the coadministration of VPA and INO.CONCLUSIONSThis work clearly indicates that INO enhances VPA‐induced teratogenicity in the mouse. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyaza Crown Ethers as Non‐Nucleosidic Building Blocks in DNA Conjugates: Synthesis and Remarkable Stabilization of dsDNA
Authors: Rohr Katja , Vogel Stefan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of amphiphilic polyaza crown ether monomers X (benzyl‐substituted), Y (palmityl‐substituted) and Z (cholesteryl‐substituted) and their incorporation into oligonucleotides are described. Their effects on thermal duplex stability were investigated by UV melting curve analysis in different alkaline metal buffer solutions. Thermal‐denaturation experiments showed remarkable stabilization of dsDNA by polyaza crown ether monomers when incorporated in opposite positions. The series of polyaza crown ether monomers (X, Y and Z) with different overall lipophilicities showed a trend of increased stability of the corresponding dsDNA with increasing lipophilicity of the polyaza crown ether monomer. Multiple incorporations of benzyl‐substituted polyaza crown ether monomer X as dangling ends on both sides of dsDNA resulted in strongly increased stability of the corresponding duplex.
Asymmetric Tandem Michael‐Aldol Reactions between 3‐Cinnamoyloxazolidine‐2‐thiones and Aldehydes
Authors: Kinoshita Hironori , Osamura Takashi , Mizuno Kazumi , Kinoshita Sayaka , Iwamura Tatsunori , Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Kataoka Tadashi , Muraoka Osamu , Tanabe Genzoh 
Published: March 2006

AbstractReactions between chiral 3‐cinnamoyl‐4‐methyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thiones and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of BF3⋅Et2O diastereoselectively produced tricyclic compounds incorporating a bridgehead carbon bound to four heteroatoms in high yields. Four stereocenters were induced during the reaction. The tricyclic products were transformed into propane‐1,3‐diols bearing three consecutive stereocenters by acid hydrolysis, S‐methylation, and reductive removal of the chiral auxiliary.
Systembiotechnologische Ansätze zur Prozessentwicklung
Authors: Deckwer W.‐D. , Hempel D. C. , Zeng A.‐P. , Jahn D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMit Hilfe der Bioinformatik kann aus dem Genom eines Mikroorganismus das potenzielle metabolische Netzwerk rekonstruiert werden. Netzwerke stellen die eigentliche Basis der Systembiologie bzw. Systembiotechnologie dar. Für eine Systembiotechnologie, die auf Prozesse und Produkte fokussiert ist, müssen die potenziellen Netzwerke in geeigneter Weise funktionalisiert, d. h. der Phänotyp ermittelt werden, der optimale Prozesse bzw. Produkte und Produktivitäten liefert. Die Funktionalität der genregulatorischen und metabolischen Netzwerke wird durch die „Omics”︁‐Techniken abgefragt. Da die Funktionalität vom Environom abhängt, ist es erforderlich, diese Techniken in koordinierter Weise möglichst simultan anzuwenden. Das Fluxom (Flussverteilung der zentralen Stoffwechselwege) erfordert derzeit besonderes Interesse, das sowohl unter Variation genetischer Eigenschaften (Metabolic Engineering) als auch Änderungen des Environoms zu ermitteln ist. Im Rahmen einer im SFB 578 „Vom Gen zum Produkt”︁ angestrebten prozessorientierten Systembiotechnologie stellen sich für den Verfahrenstechniker vielfache Aufgaben, die nur in Kooperation mit Molekularbiologen und Bioinformatikern zu lösen sind. Dazu gehört neben der Bereitstellung definierter, reproduzierbarer Kultivierungsverfahren in hochinstrumentierten Bioreaktoren die Erfassung kinetischer Zusammenhänge in Abhängigkeit vom Environom sowie von Netzwerksimulationen. Die Erkennung des Effekts ingenieurtypischer Parameter auf die Funktionalität der Netzwerke steht jedoch erst am Anfang.
Integration gen‐ und verfahrenstechnischer Methoden zur Entwicklung biotechnologischer Prozesse Sonderforschungsbereich 578 – Vom Gen zum Produkt
Authors: Hempel D. C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVerfahrenstechnische Prozesse erfordern sichere, robuste und modellgestützte Auslegungsmethoden, um optimale Betriebszustände in beliebig dimensionierten Anlagen vorausberechnen zu können. Biotechnologische Prozesse entbehren bisher weitgehend solcher hohen Anforderungen. Der Sonderforschungsbereich 578 stellt sich die Aufgabe, Arbeitsmethoden der Natur‐ und Ingenieurwissenschaften so zu bündeln, dass Prozesse zur Herstellung von Proteinen in rekombinanten Mikroorganismen systematisch bearbeitet werden können.
Bacillus megaterium als Produktionssystem für rekombinante Proteine
Authors: Hollmann R. , Malten M. , Biedendieck R. , Yang Y. , Wang W. , Jahn D. , Deckwer W.‐D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBei biotechnologischen Verfahren werden die eigentlichen wertschöpfenden chemischen Reaktionen durch Proteine durchgeführt. Diese Biokatalysatoren wandeln ihre Substrate direkt in Produkte um, die sich durch klassische chemische Synthese gar nicht oder nur unter großem Aufwand darstellen lassen. Die Produktion von Biokatalysatoren erfolgt im Allgemeinen in wenigen, gut charakterisierten Mikroorganismen. Es wird gezeigt, dass Bacillus megaterium als Produktionssystem für rekombinante Proteine eine gute Alternative zu bereits etablierten Systemen darstellt. Probleme mit der Gewinnung sekretierter Proteinmengen sind auf Schwierigkeiten der Adaption der Prozesse für Hochzelldichtekultivierungen zurückzuführen.
Scheinbare Sekretionsverzögerung durch Produktadsorption bei Aspergillus niger
Authors: Emmler M. , Jungebloud A. , Göcke Y. , Cordes C. , Horn H. , Hempel D. C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractZur experimentellen Aufklärung der Produktbildung in Biopellets des Schimmelpilzes Aspergillus niger AB 1.13 bei der Gewinnung von Glucoamylase werden im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereiches 578 Methoden entwickelt. Zur Untersuchung des Produktweges wird die Enzymaktivität des Proteins im Biopellet des Schimmelpilzes sowie in der Bulkphase (extrapartikulär) herangezogen.
Mikro‐Bioverfahrenstechnik
Authors: Weuster‐Botz D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMikro‐Bioverfahrenstechnik gibt es bisher nicht als Fachdisziplin. Sie umfasst alle Aspekte der Bioprozesstechnik in kleinen Reaktionsvolumina. Einzelne Aspekte wurden bisher aus unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen angestoßen: Biotechnologie, Biologie, Medizin, Bioverfahrenstechnik, aber auch Mikroreaktionstechnik. Ein Zusammenführen der unterschiedlichen Ansätze unter dem Dach einer neuen Mikro‐Bioverfahrenstechnik ist in Zukunft zwingend notwendig.
Produktintegrierter Umweltschutz am Beispiel der Rückführung bakterieller Biomasse
Authors: Blaesen M. , Flaschel E. , Friehs K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIm Sinne eines produktintegrierten Umweltschutzes soll die Biomasse, die bei der Herstellung von biotechnischen Produkten auftreten kann, als wertvolle Nährstoffquelle zur Schonung energetischer und stofflicher Ressourcen wieder in den Produktionsprozess zurückgeführt werden. Beispielhaft wird ein Verfahren zur Rückführung der Biomasse des Gram‐negativen Bakteriums Klebsiella planticola in den Fermentationsprozess untersucht und entwickelt.
Bewertung biotechnologischer Prozesse in frühen Phasen der Entwicklung hinsichtlich Risiken bezüglich Ökologie, Sicherheit und Gesundheit
Authors: Heinzle Elmar , Biwer A. , Eissen M. , Abdul Kholiq M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVorgestellt wird eine Methode zur Charakterisierung von Risiken bezüglich Umwelt, Sicherheit und Gesundheit in sehr frühen Phasen der Entwicklung, insbesondere von biotechnologischen Prozessen. Auf der Basis von in der Regel gut verfügbaren Daten kann zusammen mit einer Stoffbilanz eine erste orientierende Bewertung vorgenommen werden. Dies ist besonders wegen der bekanntermaßen schon sehr früh stattfindenden Weichenstellung von großer praktischer Bedeutung bei der Identifizierung von Entwicklungschancen, aber auch von Schwachstellen.
Biotransformation: Von der Vision zur Technologie!
Authors: Kardinahl S. , Rabelt D. , Reschke M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDie Fortschritte in der klassischen Mikrobiologie, insbesondere in den Kultivierungs‐ und Screening‐Techniken, aber auch eine zunehmende Interdisziplinarität der verschiedenen Naturwissenschaften haben die Biotransformation zu einem verlässlichen, unverzichtbaren Werkzeug gemacht, dessen Potenzial bei weitem noch nicht ausgeschöpft ist. Neue Entwicklungen in Kultivierungs‐ und Screeningtechniken, in der Verfahrenstechnik sowie neue Entwicklungen in der Klonierung und Expression von Genen in diversen Wirtszellen werden die Anzahl der enzymatischen Verfahren – Biotransformation wie auch Biokatalyse – in der Pharmazie, der Chemie und auch in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie weiter vorantreiben.
Enzymatische Technologien zur Synthese chiraler Alkohol‐Derivate
Authors: Daußmann T. , Hennemann H.‐G. , Rosen T. C. , Dünkelmann P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChirale Intermediate gehören zu den wichtigsten Synthesebausteinen sowohl für die chemische als auch für die pharmazeutische Industrie. Zur Herstellung dieser Verbindungen etablieren sich immer mehr biokatalytische Prozesse, bei denen neben ganzen Zellen auch Enzyme verwendet werden. So können Alkoholdehydrogenasen bei der Synthese von chiralen Alkoholen eingesetzt werden. Beschrieben werden zwei Alkoholdehydrogenasen aus Lactobacillus brevis bzw. Thermoanaerobacter species, die beide im industriellen Maßstab zur Generierung dieser Verbindungen genutzt werden. Eine weitere Enzymklasse, mit deren Hilfe sich verschiedenste Intermediate in enantiomerenreiner Form darstellen lassen und die ebenfalls in der industriellen Chemie angewendet werden, sind die Hydroxynitril‐Lyasen. Diese katalysieren die asymmetrische Addition von Blausäure an Carbonyl‐Funktionen.
Density results relative to the Dirichlet energy of mappings into a manifold
Authors: Giaquinta Mariano , Mucci Domenico 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLet 𝒴 be a smooth, compact, oriented Riemannian manifold without boundary. Weak limits of graphs of smooth mapsuk:Bn→ 𝒴 with an equibounded Dirichlet integral give rise to elements of the space cart2,1(Bn× 𝒴). Assume that 𝒴 is 1‐connected and that its 2‐homology group has no torsion. In any dimensionnwe prove that every elementTin cart2,1(Bn× 𝒴) with no singular vertical part can be approximated weakly in the sense of currents by a sequence of graphs of smooth mapsuk:Bn→ 𝒴 with Dirichlet energies converging to the energy ofT. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A cellular non‐linear network for image fusion based on data regularization
Authors: Anzalone Andrea , Bizzarri Federico , Storace Marco , Parodi Mauro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a synthesis method developed in the last few years is applied to derive a cellular non‐linear network (CNN) able to find an approximate solution to a variational image‐fusion problem. The functional to be minimized is based on regularization theory and takes into account two complementary principles, namely, knowledge source corroboration and belief enhancement/withdrawal, both typical of data‐fusion approaches. The obtained CNN has been tested by simulations (i.e. by numerically integrating the circuit state equations) in some case studies. The quality of the results is good, as turns out from comparisons with some standard methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expressed emotion and anorexia nervosa: The validation of the five‐minute speech sample in reference to the Camberwell family interview
Authors: Rein Zoé , Perdereau Fabienne , Curt Florence , Jeammet Philippe , Fermanian Jacques , Godart Nathalie 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective:The goal of the current study was to test whether the Five‐Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) assessments of expressed emotion (EE) in families with a daughter with anorexia nervosa (AN) are valid in comparison to the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI).Method:The sample included parents of hospitalized patients with AN. Assessments were conducted at the time of patients' discharge from the hospital. The participants (n = 40) were assessed individually with the FMSS and then the CFI. FMSS‐EE ratings were classified as high or low for Emotional Overinvolvement (EOI), Critical EE, and Final EE (overall rating). For the CFI, average EE scores were computed on the same subscales.Results:Comparisons of FMSS subgroups on the CFI mean scores revealed that parents rated high EE on the FMSS subscales (EOI and Final EE) had significantly greater mean scores on the CFI than parents rated low EE on the FMSS (EOI: p = .02; Final EE: p = .04). Furthermore, FMSS‐EE ratings were positively correlated to CFI‐EE ratings for EOI EE (r = .38, p = .01), Critical EE (r = .31, p = .05), and Final EE (r = .29, p = .07).Conclusion:The FMSS can reliably measure EE in reference to the CFI in terms of Final EE and EOI EE. For the Critical EE subgroup, further investigation is needed with a bigger sample size. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006