bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbinate perimeter ratio as an indicator of conchal atrophy for diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis in pigs
Authors: Collins Michael T. , Backstrom Lennart R. , Brim Theresa A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Transverse sections of snouts from 171 cross-bred (principally Yorkshire × American Landrace) pigs were evaluated for evidence of turbinate atrophy by use of conventional (atrophic rhinitis [ar] score) and morphometric methods. Of the 171 pigs, 35 were clinically normal (ar score, 0), 65 had mild ar (ar score, 1), 41 had moderate ar (ar score, 2), and 30 had severe ar (ar score, 3). Turbinate cross-sectional area (ta) and the ratio of ta to nostril cross-sectional area, called turbinate area ratio (tar), had the lowest correlations (r = 0.24 to 0.55) with conventional ar score. Among clinically normal pigs, ta was greater in older pigs as expected, but the tar values also were significantly (P < 0.0001) different between 15- week-old pigs (55 kg) and 22-week-old pigs (100 kg). Turbinate penmeter and turbinate perimeeer ratio (tpr) were not influenced by pig age or source. The tpr values were closely correlated with subjective visual ar scores (r = 0.73), with ar scores derived by measuring the space between the ventral portion of the scroll and the floor of the nasal cavity (r = 0.72), and the actual size of this space in millimeters (r = 0.71). Mean tpr values for pigs assigned visual ar scores of 0, 1, 2, or 3 were 1.54, 1.25, 0.97, and 0.73, respectively. The 95% confidence intervals around these mean tpr values were discreet and did not overlap. Turbinate perimeter ratio, therefore, may be a more reliable morphometric measure of atrophic rhinitis and also provides parametric data suitable for quantitative analysis.
Oxidative metabolism of the bovine alveolar macrophage
Authors: Dyer Robert M. , Erney Susan , Spencer Pamela , Benson Charles E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oxidative respiratory burst activity was examined in lavage-procured bovine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Nonstimulated alveolar macrophages released a minimal quantity of superoxide anion and had small amounts of glucose flux through the pathways of energy metabolism. Nonstimulated cells metabolized substantial amounts of glucose through the hexose monophosphate shunt. Stimulation with opsonized zymosan particles induced a tenfold increase in the release of superoxide anion and a twofold increase in the flux of glucose through the hexose monophosphate shunt and the pathways of energy metabolism. Preliminary observations also indicated that the magnitude of the burst varied between sets of bronchoalveolar cells obtained from the same calf over time.
Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and plasma concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride fed to swine
Authors: Kniffen T. S. , Bane D. P. , Hall W. F. , Koritz G. D. , Bevill R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 2 × 2 crossover design trial was conducted in gilts to determine the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tetracycline hydrochloride. The bioavailability of tetracycline hydrochloride administered orally to fasted gilts was approximately 23%. After intravascular administration, the disposition kinetics of tetracycline in plasma were best described by a triexponential equation. The drug had a rapid distribution phase followed by a relatively slow elimination phase, with half-life of 16 hours. Its large volume of distribution (4.5 ± 1.06 L/kg) suggested that tetracycline is distributed widely in swine tissues. Total body clearance was 0,185 ±0.24 L/kg/h. Other pharmacokinetic variables were estimated.
In a second trial, 3 gilts were fed a ration containing 0.55 g of tetracycline hydrochloride/kg of feed. Resulting plasma concentration of tetracycline was determined at selected times during 96 hours after exposure to the medicated feed. Plasma drug concentration peaked (0.6 μg/ml) at 72 hours after access to the medicated feed.
Somatosensory-evoked and spinal cord-evoked potentials in response to pudendal and tibial nerve stimulation in cats
Authors: Sims Michael H. , Selcer Robert R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Somatosensory-evoked potentials (sep) and spinal cord-evoked potentials (scep) were recorded in clinically normal adult cats in response to electrical stimulation of pudendal and tibial nerves to provide normative data that can be used in a clinical evaluation of pudendal nerve function in cats after sacral or sacrococcygeal luxations or fractures. Responses to tibial nerve stimulation were included in the study as an internal control because it is usually not involved in these types of injuries and because its sep and scep are easily recorded. Evoked potentials were characterized by the latencies (ms) of positive (p or p) and negative (n or n) peaks. The sep resulting from percutaneous pudendal nerve stimulation consisted of a prominent p-N-P potential in the 30- to 80-ms range. The pudendal scep was not successfully recorded because of large muscle artifacts evoked from the sacral area. The tibial sep was similar to the pudendal sep, except that the prominent p-N-P series in the 35- to 81-ms range was preceded by a smaller p-n-p-n sequence in the 7- to 23-ms range. The tibial scep consisted of a p-N-P series in the 2- to 4-ms range.
Effects of aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, and their combinations in the diets of growing pigs
Authors: Harvey Roger B. , Kubena Leon F. , Huff William E. , Corrier Donald E. , Clark Donald E. , Phillips Timothy D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 2 studies, the effects of dietary aflatoxin (af) and deoxynivalenol (don) were evaluated in growing crossbred barrows. The first study consisted of 4 treatments of 5 barrows each (6 weeks old) at dosages of 0 mg of don and af (control), 2.5 mg of don/kg of feed, 0.75 mg of af/kg of feed, and 2.5 mg of don + 0.75 mg of af/kg of feed. Pigs were fed their respective diets for 21 days. Treatment with don caused decreases in weight gains, but no other treatment-related differences could be attributed to diets. In a second study, the experimental design consisted of 4 treatments of 5 barrows each (6 weeks old) at dosages of 0 mg of don and af (control), 3 mg of don/kg of feed, 3 mg of af/kg of feed, and 3 mg of don + 3 mg of af/kg of feed fed ad libitum for 28 days. The pigs were observed twice daily for clinical signs, hematologic and serum biochemical measurements were made weekly, and body weights and feed consumption were determined weekly. Body weight gains were significantly depressed by the af and the af + DON treatments for days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Body weights and body weight gains were only slightly reduced in the don treatment. Changes in serum enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, creatine kinase, and γ-glutamyl transferase were noticed in pigs given treatments with af alone and those given af + DON. Total iron binding capacity and serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol, bun, and glucose concentrations were decreased, whereas prothrombin and activated thromboplastin times were increased by af and af + DON treatments. Lesions in the af-treated groups were compatible with a diagnosis of aflatoxicosis. The control and don-treated pigs had no abnormalities. These data provide a description of the effects of dietary af and don, singly and in combination, in growing barrows.
Circulating concentrations of trypsin-like immunoreactivity and activities of lipase and amylase after pancreatic duct ligation in dogs
Authors: Simpson Kenneth W. , Batt Roger M. , McLean Lynn , Morton David B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The possibility that assay of circulating trypsin-like immunoreactivity (tli) could assist in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in dogs has been examined by assaying plasma tli concentrations after pancreatic duct ligation and comparing the results with plasma activities of lipase and amylase. Venous blood samples were obtained from 8 dogs before surgery, then daily for 5 days and at 14 days after ligation of pancreatic ducts. Plasma concentrations of tli increased within 24 hours and tended to peak before and to decrease more rapidly than activities of lipase and amylase, remaining greater than the control range for 5 days in all but 2 dogs. Plasma lipase and amylase activities increased together and remained greater than the control range in all dogs for 5 days after surgery. Regression analysis of all postoperative data indicated significant correlations between concentration of tli and lipase activity (r = 0.67, P < 0.001), concentration of tli and amylase activity (r = 0.53, P < 0.001), and between lipase and amylase activities (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). These findings suggested that assay of tli may provide an early indication of acute pancreatitis in dogs. Because tli is specifically pancreatic in origin, high plasma tli concentration may prove a more reliable indicator of clinical pancreatitis than high activities of amylase or lipase, which may be derived from extrapancreatic tissues.
Neutralizing antibody responses to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in beef cattle
Authors: Fulton Robert W. , Burge Lurinda J. , Cummins J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples were obtained from sentinel beef cattle at monthly intervals, and the sera were tested for antibodies, using a bluetongue virus (btv) immunodiffusion test (idt) and virus-neutralization test (vnt), for 5 btv serotypes (2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) and 2 epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotypes (1 and 2). The cattle tested were transported from Tennessee to Texas in 1984 and 1985. All cattle were seronegative by the btv idt at the initial bleeding in Texas in 1984 and 1985. In 1984, 16 of 40 (40%) cattle seroconverted as assessed by results of the btv idt. In the 16 seropositive cattle in 1984, neutralizing antibodies were detected to btv serotypes 10 (n = 7), 11 (n = 3), and 17 (n = 11), and ehdv serotypes 1 (n = 1) and 2 (n = 7). In 1984, no cattle seroconverted to btv-2 or btv-13. In 1985, 10 of 36 (27.8%) cattle seroconverted as assessed by results of the idt. Of the 10 seropositive cattle in 1985, neutralizing antibodies were detected to btv serotypes 10 (n = 10), 11 (n = 10), 13 (n = 7), and 17 (n = 5), and ehdv serotypes 1 (n = 1) and 2 (n = 7). In 1985, no cattle seroconverted to btv-2. Clinical diseases attributable to btv or ehdv was not detected in these cattle in 1984 or 1985.
Virulence determinants of Salmonella typhimurium from animal sources
Authors: McDonough Patrick L. , Jacobson Richard H. , Timoney John F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two hundred seventy-eight strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from 1973 to 1981 from animal sources in New York State were studied for possible virulence determinants and for a serotype-specific plasmid possibly linked with virulence. Of the strains, 98% possessed type-1 fimbriae. All strains possessed flagella and were motile. One hundred twenty-three strains (44%) treated with mitomycin C tested positive for the cholera-Escherichia coli heat labile family of toxins by a kinetics-based elisa; when treated with mitomycin C and extracted with polymyxin B, 249 (90%) were positive in the kinetics-based elisa. All strains were negative in the Biken test. A smooth cell wall was found in 99% of the strains. Sixty-one percent (169) of the strains had a 62-Md plasmid. Seventy-six (27%) of the strains had detectable plasmids ranging in size from 1 to 124 Md.
Comparison of pathophysiologic changes in the lungs of calves challenge exposed with Escherichia coli-derived endotoxin and Pasteurella haemolytica, alone or in combination
Authors: Slocombe R. F. , Derksen F. J. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pulmonary responses to intratracheal challenge exposure with Pasteurella haemolytica, with or without Escherichia coli-derived endotoxin, E coli endotoxin alone, or saline solution were compared in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated neonatal calves. Baseline values for dynamic compliance, total pulmonary resistance, functional residual capacity, arterial blood gas tensions, hemogram, leukogram, and systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures were recorded for each calf. After baseline data were obtained, calves were challenge exposed with logarithmic-growth phase P haemolytica organisms with or without E coli endotoxin, E coli endotoxin alone, or saline solution (0.9% NaCl). Physiologic data were obtained immediately after challenge exposure and at various intervals over the next 6 hours. Calves challenge exposed with P haemolytica alone developed severe hypoxemia, had increased alveolar-arterial oxygen difference and threefold increases in total pulmonary resistance, became hypercarbic, had decreased functional residual capacity, and developed systemic hypotension without change in pulmonary arterial pressure. At necropsy, these calves had extensive multifocal areas of necrohemorrhagic and purulent pneumonia. Ratio of extravascular lung water to lung dry weight was not significantly increased in lung specimens obtained from calves challenge exposed with P haemolytica, but ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight was increased, indicating that increased lung wet weight was attributable largely to increased solids and not to fluid alone. (Extravascular lung water measurement excludes fluid from the vascular compartment.) Intratracheal challenge exposure with endotoxin failed to alter lung function and caused minor changes in lung structure consisting of focal areas of hemorrhage and edema. In addition, sequential challenge exposure with endotoxin after inoculation of P haemolytica failed to change the rate of development of physiologic abnormalities caused by P haemolytica alone. We concluded that P haemolytica inoculation leads rapidly to altered pulmonary and cardiovascular function and that similar changes could not be induced by administration of E coli endotoxin. These data suggest that endotoxin may not be responsible for the pathophysiologic derangements observed in calves with acute pneumonic pasteurellosis, unless endotoxin from E coli is markedly less pathogenic than that derived from P haemolytica.
Antagonistic effect of idazoxan on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression and bradycardia in calves
Authors: Thompson James R. , Hsu Walter H. , Kersting Karl W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two doses of an α2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, were administered to reverse the cns depressant and bradycardia effects of xylazine in calves. Once a week for 3 weeks, each of 6 calves were administered iv one treatment of: (1) 0.2 mg of xylazine/kg of body weight followed in 10 minutes by 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl, (2) 0.2 mg of xylazine/kg followed in 10 minutes by 10 μg of ida-zoxan/kg, or (3) 0.2 mg of xylazine/kg followed in 10 minutes by 30 μg of idazoxan/kg. The order of the 3 treatments in each calf was selected at random. Xylazine alone caused lateral recumbency for 27.2 ± 3.0 minutes (mean ± sem). Idazoxan administered at dosages of 10 and 30 μg/kg shortened xylazine-induced lateral recumbency to 11,5 ± 0.8 and 10.3 ± 0.2 minutes, respectively. Calves given xylazine alone stood at > 60 minutes after the onset of recumbency. Idazoxan given at dosages of 10 and 30 μg/ kg shortened the time to standing to 16.8 ± 1.7 and 11.3 ± 0.2 minutes, respectively. Idazoxan given at a dosage of 30 μg/kg also reversed xylazine-induced bradycardia. Results indicated that idazoxan should be a useful antidote for xylazine overdose in cattle.
Proadifen-induced production of prostacyclin by equine peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Moore James N. , Wiltshire Nancy , Fischer Kay 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was performed to determine the effect of proadifen hydrochloride on prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 [pgi2]) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthesis by equine peritoneal macrophages and the effect of proadifen on endo-toxin-induced synthesis of pgi2 and TxA2 by equine macrophages. Peritoneal macrophages (2.5 × 106/ml) were incubated for 6 hours in tissue culture media containing 1) nothing (nontreated control), 2) proadifen hydrochloride (20, 100, 250, and 500 μmol/L, 3) endotoxin (5 ng/ ml), or 4) the calcium ionophore A23187 (0.95 μmol/L). In a second series of experiments, peritoneal macrophages were incubated with endotoxin (5 ng/ml) and proadifen (250 μmol/L), for 6 hours. Concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-pgf1α) and thromboxane B2, the stable metabolites of pgi2 and TxA2, were determined in the incubation media by radioimmunoassay.
Proadifen caused increased synthesis of pgi2 by equine macrophages, without affecting TxA2 production. The increasd pgi2 production was similar to that induced by endotoxin and calcium ionophore; however, the latter 2 agents significantly stimulated TxA2 production as well (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among mean concentrations of 6-keto-pgf1α in media from macrophages treated with 100, 250, or 500 μmol/L proadifen, but there was a significant curvilinear regression between their concentrations. The ratio of thromboxane B2 to 6-keto-pgf1α was significantly lower than baseline in incubation media from macrophages exposed to proadifen, endotoxin, and calcium ionophore. Proadifen hydrochloride did not significantly change equine peritoneal macrophage production of pgi2 or TxA2 in response to endotoxin.
Oral vaccination of dogs fed canine adenovirus in baits
Authors: Boer G. M. , Brooks R. C. , Foggin C. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six groups of 5 dogs each were fed dilutions of canine adenovirus-2, either as raw liquid or after insertion into cornmeal baits. By the fourth week after vaccination, 29 of the 30 dogs developed high titers of serum-neutralizing antibodies to the virus.
Xeroradiographs evaluation of the equine larynx
Authors: Orsini Paul G. , Raker Charles W. , Reid Charles F. , Mann Peter 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The normal radiographic anatomy of the equine larynx was determined by use of xeroradiography and dissection. The body and laminae of the thyroid cartilage, the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilages, and the dorsal lamina and arch of the cricoid cartilage had radiographic evidence of mineralization (calcification) and/or ossification in clinically normal horses. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the degree of mineralization of the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages with advancing age.
Horses with diagnosis of arytenoid chondrosis (arytenoid chondral dysplasia, arytenoid chondropathy) by use of endoscopy had radiographic changes that included: enlargement with increased density of the arytenoid cartilage region, abnormal patterns of mineralization (dystrophic mineralization or osseous metaplasia), abnormal contour of the corniculate process(es) and laryngeal masses, sometimes obliterating part or all of the lateral laryngeal ventricles.
Identification of a virulence factor for Brucella abortus infection in BALB/c mice
Authors: Pugh George W. , Tabatabai Louisa B. , Bricker Betsy J. , Mayfield John E. , Phillips Marshall , McDonald Timothy J. , Zehr Emilie S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunogenic or pathogenic factors of recombinant proteins (rbcsp20, rbcsp-31, and rbcsp45 of Brucella abortus strain 19) for mice were compared with factors of a proteinase K-treated lipopolysaccharide extracted from B abortus strain 2308. Mice were vaccinated with 4 products, using different inoculation schedules and were challenge exposed with a virulent culture of B abortus strain 2308. Blood samples were collected 2 weeks after vaccination and at necropsy and sera were obtained. Spleens were cultured for B abortus at necropsy (3 to 4 weeks after challenge exposure).
Mice given proteinase K-treated lipopolysaccharide alone or in conjunction with rbcsp20 or rbcsp45 proteins were protected, but mice given rbcsp31 on the same day as challenge exposure were not. Vaccination with recombinant proteins alone neither provide protection nor significantly (P > 0.05) increase the pathogenic effect of the challenge-exposure culture. Seemingly, rbcsp31 might be a virulence factor of B abortus.
Effects of intermittent and continuous administration of decoquinate on bovine coccidiosis in male calves
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul R. , Mansfield Manford E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Male Holstein calves were each inoculated with 350,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bovis. Two calves were given decoquinate (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) continuously in dry feed for 29 days, and 2 calves each were given 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mg of decoquinate/kg on an every 2nd-or 3rd-day schedule for 29 days.
Calves given decoquinate continuously did not discharge oocysts but had slightly loose feces. In general, the number of oocysts discharged increased and fecal consistency decreased as the time between feeding of medicated feed increased. Calves given 0.5 or 1.5 mg of decoquinate/kg every 3rd day discharged more oocysts and had more diarrhea than did calves given 1 mg of decoquinate/kg every 3rd day.
At postinoculation day 29, calves were euthanatized. At necropsy, intestinal tissues of calves given decoquinate were mostly normal. Apparently, reduced infections along with the elapsed time were sufficient to resolve most intestinal lesions caused by the coccidia.
Decoquinate was most effective when fed continuously at 0.5 mg/kg. However, when fed at 1 or 1.5 mg of decoquinate/kg every 2nd day or 1.5 mg of decoquinate/kg every 3rd day, oocyst production was reduced and clinical coccidiosis was prevented.
Controlled test of anthelmintic activity of a macrocyclic lactone (compound F28249-α) in lambs
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A controlled blind test was performed in 1984 to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of experimental formulations of compound F28249-α against gastrointestinal parasites in lambs in Kentucky. Twenty-five lambs were allotted to 5 groups of 5 lambs/group.
The drug was administered sc to 2 groups (A, 0.2 mg/ kg of body weight; B, 0.3 mg/kg) and orally to 2 groups (C, 0.2 mg/kg; D, 0.3 mg/kg). Group E received a placebo subcutaneously. Lambs were euthanatized 7 days after treatment for necropsy and identification and enumeration of worm parasites in the gastrointestinal tract.
Group-E lambs harbored 7 genera (including 10 species) of nematodes and 1 genus of tapeworms. Worm collection data for group-A lambs indicated 97% to 100% of the mature Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, and Trichuris, and immature Haemonchus were removed; and 23% to 73% of the mature Cooperia, Nematodirus, and Strongyloides, and immature Nematodirus were removed. In group-B lambs, 94% to 100% of the mature Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, and Trichuris, and immature Haemonchus were removed as were 70% to 84% of mature Strongyloides and immature Nematodirus, respectively, and 0% for mature Cooperia. The percentage of all nematodes removed in group C and D was 100%, except for Cooperia (95%) in group C and immature Nematodirus (93% and 95%), respectively.
Toxicosis was not apparent. Small fibrotic or blood streaked lesions were observed at necropsy in muscle at the injection site of 2 lambs in group B and 1 lamb in group E.