bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of time-dose-relationships in therapeutic nuclear medicine applications on biological effectiveness of irradiation
Authors: Dörr W. , Wust P. , Kotzerke J. , Oehme L. 
Published: June 2008

Summary
Aim: The biological effectiveness of irradiation is influenced not only by the total dose but also the rate at which this dose is administered. Tolerance dose estimates from external radiation therapy with a conventional fractionation protocol require adaptation for application in targeted radionuclide therapy. Methods: The linear-quadratic model allows for calculation of the biologically effective dose (BED) and takes into consideration tissue specific factors (recovery capacity) as well as dose rate effects (recovery kinetics). It can be applied in radionuclide therapy as well. For relevant therapeutic radionuclides (e. g. 188Re, 90Y, 177Lu, and 131I), the effect of different physical decay times and variable biological half-lives on BED was calculated for several organs. Results: BED is markedly increased using 188Re compared to longer-lived radionuclides. The effect is dose-dependent and tissue-specific, resulting, for example, in higher effects on the kidneys compared to bone marrow. Therefore, in unfavourable conditions (e. g. reduced recovery capacity due to concomitant diseases or previous therapy), the BED may exceed organ dose tolerance. Conclusion: Time-dose-relationships have to be taken into consideration by the calculation of BED for internal radionuclide therapy. The biological effectiveness depends on dose- and tissue-specific factors and is much more pronounced in 188Re than in 90Y and other longer living radionuclides. Determination of organ tolerance dose values should take into account these radiobiological differences, since it is currently not considered in dosimetry programs.
Accumulation of Ambient Black Carbon Particles Within Key Memory-Related Brain Regions
Authors: Vanbrabant Kenneth , Van Dam Debby , Bongaerts Eva , Vermeiren Yannick , Bové Hannelore , Hellings Niels , Ameloot Marcel , Plusquin Michelle , De Deyn Peter Paul , Nawrot Tim S. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceAmbient air pollution is a worldwide problem, not only related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases but also to neurodegenerative disorders. Different pathways on how air pollutants could affect the brain are already known, but direct evidence of the presence of ambient particles (or nanoparticles) in the human adult brain is limited.ObjectiveTo examine whether ambient black carbon particles can translocate to the brain and observe their biodistribution within the different brain regions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this case series a label-free and biocompatible detection technique of nonincandescence-related white light generation was used to screen different regions of biobanked brains of 4 individuals from Belgium with neuropathologically confirmed Alzheimer disease for the presence of black carbon particles. The selected biological specimens were acquired and subsequently stored in a biorepository between April 2013 and April 2017. Black carbon measurements and data analysis were conducted between June 2020 and December 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe black carbon load was measured in various human brain regions. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare black carbon loads across these regions, followed by Dunn multiple comparison tests.ResultsBlack carbon particles were directly visualized in the human brain of 4 individuals (3 women [75%]; mean [SD] age, 86 [13] years). Screening of the postmortem brain regions showed a significantly higher median (IQR) number of black carbon particles present in the thalamus (433.6 [289.5-540.2] particles per mm3), the prefrontal cortex including the olfactory bulb (420.8 [306.6-486.8] particles per mm3), and the hippocampus (364.7 [342.0-448.7] particles per mm3) compared with the cingulate cortex (192.3 [164.2-277.5] particles per mm3), amygdala (217.5 [147.3-244.5] particles per mm3), and the superior temporal gyrus (204.9 [167.9-236.8] particles per mm3).Conclusions and RelevanceThis case series provides evidence that ambient air pollution particles are able to translocate to the human brain and accumulate in multiple brain regions involved in cognitive functioning. This phenomenon may contribute to the onset and development of neurodegenerative disorders.
Intraocular Pressure Monitoring Smart Contact Lens with High Environmental Stability
Authors: Yang Huan , Zhu Hengtian , Liu Hanwen , Mao Zhengyi , Luo Junxian , Zhu Shugeng , Hu Zizhong , Yuan Songtao , Xu Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmart contact lenses (SCLs), integrating various functional components, serve as a platform for wirelessly intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring. Accurate and dynamic measurements offer crucial clinical references for patients with ocular hypertension. Nevertheless, the complex ocular environment poses great challenges, particularly for inductor–capacitor–resistor (LCR) type IOP sensors, which suffer signal instability due to variations of ocular dielectric properties. Here, an innovative IOP monitoring sensor with robust environmental stability, achieved by integrating the ground shield, is proposed. Employing a capacitive pressure sensor with porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structure encased in a hydrogel, the study successfully demonstrates high‐sensitivity monitoring of IOP changes using in vitro porcine eyes. This optimized design empowers the wireless IOP sensor with a sensitivity of 1.15 ‰/mmHg. It exhibits exceptional frequency stability after undergoing 100 wear cycles on ten distinct porcine eyes and remains reliable across a wide range of metabolite concentrations typical of normal eyes. Notably, any observed frequency shift translates into IOP changes within a 3 mmHg range, showcasing its suitability for repeated use and daily IOP monitoring.
Stabilizing Layered‐Type K0.4V2O5 Cathode by K Site Substitution with Strontium for K‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oh Gwangeon , Kansara Shivam , Xu Xieyu , Liu Yangyang , Xiong Shizhao , Hwang Jang‐Yeon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping suitable cathodes with high capacity and high power is challenging for K‐ion batteries. Herein, electrochemical K‐ion storage properties of the layered‐type K0.4V2O5 (KVO) cathode by incorporating divalent strontium ions (Sr2+) into its crystal structure are enhanced. Divalent strontium ions (1.18 Å) are preferentially incorporated into the octahedrally coordinated K (1.38 Å) layers due to the similar ionic size compared to V4+ (0.58 Å). The introduction of 3 mmol of Sr ions in the KVO crystal improves electrical conductivity and reduces K‐ion diffusion energy barriers. In addition, the strong Sr2+ and O2− interaction acts as a structural pillar, suppressing irreversible phase transition during charge–discharge process. Multi‐physics simulations clearly confirm that the K0.34Sr0.03V2O5 (KS3VO) cathode exhibits a more uniform K‐ion distribution and enhanced reactions of K‐ions compared to the KVO cathode at various depths of discharge. As a result, the KS3VO cathode demonstrates improved reversible capacity, cycling stability, and power capability over the KVO cathode in a K‐ion cell. Synchrotron X‐ray analysis reveals how Sr substitution enhances the electrochemical K‐ion storage properties of the KS3VO cathode. In addition, the KS3VO cathode exhibits superior thermal stability and cycling stability in a full cell coupled with a hard carbon anode compared to the KVO cathode.
Fully UV Modulated Artificial Synapses with Integrated Sensing, Storage and Computation
Authors: Sun Shuyi , Zhang Tao , Jin Shuoqi , Pan Xinhua , Lu Jianguo , Ye Zhizhen , Lu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical synaptic devices are considered a preferred substitute to electrical synapses for low‐energy, high‐efficiency neuromorphic computing (NC). However, most optical synapses irreversible optical response severely restricts their application scenarios. In this study, a fully photon‐modulated synaptic device constructed from Si‐doped beta‐gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3)/ZnO heterojunction is demonstrated. The device exhibits reversible conductance changes and mimics a range of synaptic behaviors, which are modulated by two different wavelengths (255 and 370 nm) of UV light. Owing to the device's plasticity, four types of logic functions including “AND”, “OR”, “NOR” and “NAND” are implemented in the device by optical stimulation. Furthermore, an artificial neural network (ANN) is simulated based on the device's excitatory and inhibitory characteristics, and an optical programming scheme is employed to enhance the network's performance, resulting in a high recognition rate of 95.5% for handwritten digits. The fully photon‐modulated synapse development strategy and programming scheme, as presented in this work, advance the utilization of optical artificial synapses in ANN.
Enhancing the Performance of the Mesoporous TiO2 Film in Printed Perovskite Photovoltaics through High‐Speed Imaging and Ink Rheology Techniques
Authors: Potts Sarah‐Jane , Bolton Rebecca , Dunlop Tom , Lacey Kathryn , Worsley Carys , Watson Trystan , Jewell Eifion 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMesoscopic carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have the potential to be manufactured at an industrial scale by utilizing screen‐printing, a simple, affordable, and commercially mature process. As such, many recent publications have focused on enhancing performance through modifying cell architecture and perovskite chemistries. This work examines how ink rheology can be tuned to optimize cell performance through reducing the occurrence of common print defects to create higher quality m‐TiO2 films. Inks with different solvent dilutions and rheological profiles are assessed using high‐speed imaging through the screen‐printing visualization (SPV) technique, to investigate the impact of the viscosity and elasticity on ink separation mechanisms. The resultant film quality and its influence on device performances are then assessed. Ink separation lengths are minimized, and the formation of filaments ceases during printing, leading to improved TiO2 film topography and homogenous infiltration of the perovskite precursor. Consequently, PCE is improved by over 10% of the original efficiency in cells and 224 cm2 active area modules due to enhanced Voc and FF. These results not only provide key insights into tailoring ink rheology, to achieve improved print homogeneity and higher performing cells, but also aid further work on enhancing the performance of other screen‐printed functional films.
Inverse Magnetocaloric Effect in Altermagnetic 2D Non‐van der Waals FeX (X = S and Se) Semiconductors
Authors: Liu Qinxi , Kang Jinchao , Wang Peng , Gao Weiwei , Qi Yan , Zhao Jijun , Jiang Xue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe concept of altermagnet (AM), which is neither ferromagnet nor antiferromagnet, has recently been proposed as compensated collinear magnet. Among 2D non‐van der Waals crystals, one of the thinnest altermagnets is identified and their interesting physical phenomenon at 2D limit is investigated. According to symmetry analysis and first‐principles calculations, 2D FeX (X = S, Se) sheets with one‐unit‐cell thickness are intrinsic altermagnetic semiconductors with observable magnitude of spin splitting (103−193 meV), high magnetic transition temperature (TAM = 400 and 190 K), large out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy energy (0.24 and 0.74 meV per atom) and considerable metal‐like anomalous Hall conductivity (143 and 249 Ω−1 cm−1). Moreover, the spin lattices of these 2D FeX ultrathin films are formed by parallel diamond‐like chains with spin frustrated interaction through spin exchange along the b direction. Consequently, an inverse magnetocaloric effect with positive ∆Sm values of 1.7–8.2 mJ kg−1 K−1 near TAM is observed. These results enrich the database of altermagnets and provide deep insights into the spin frustration effect in 2D magnets, which paves the avenue for the next‐generation spintronics.
Spring Lock: Constructing Cluster Emitters with Colorful TADF from Non‐Conjugated Polymaleimide Helical Chains
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Shuaiqi , Lv Wei , Wu Junyan , Ling Qidan , Lin Zhenghuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon‐conjugated luminescent polymers have received much attention due to their excellent flexibility, processability, and biocompatibility. However, the single emission color and low solid‐state luminescence efficiency restrict their further development. Herein, by introducing carboxyl‐terminated alkyl chains on the rigid and helical polymaleimide backbone, a series of non‐conjugated luminescent polymers are designed and synthesized. Due to the “spring lock” formed by the synergism of scalable helical main chains and flexible alkyl side chains, these polymers exhibit effective cluster luminescence with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) property, thereby significantly improving the solid‐state luminescence efficiency with the quantum yield up to 59.6%. The TADF emission wavelengths of the polymer powders can be tuned from 498 to 639 nm through changing reaction solvents, because the conformation of helical chains forming clusters is sensitive to solvent polarity. Interestingly, metal ions can induce the polymers to construct self‐repairing cluster luminescence gels, which show excellent potential applications in ammonia detection and information encryption. This work not only provides an effective design strategy for the colorful cluster luminescence with high‐efficiency TADF, but also further reveals the cluster luminescence mechanism and enlightens the promising applications of cluster luminescent gels.
High‐Density, Conformable Conducting Polymer‐Based Implantable Neural Probes for the Developing Brain
Authors: Ma Liang , Wisniewski Duncan J. , Cea Claudia , Khodagholy Dion , Gelinas Jennifer N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders substantially impact the pediatric population, but there is a lack of dedicated devices for monitoring the developing brain in animal models, leading to gaps in mechanistic understanding of how brain functions emerge and their disruption in disease states. Due to the small size, fragility, and high water content of immature neural tissue, as well as the absence of a hardened skull to mechanically support rigid devices, conventional neural interface devices are poorly suited to acquire brain signals without inducing damage. Here, the authors design conformable, implantable, conducting polymer‐based probes (NeuroShanks) for precise targeting in the developing mouse brain without the need for skull‐attached, rigid mechanical support structures. These probes enable the acquisition of high spatiotemporal resolution neurophysiologic activity from superficial and deep brain regions across unanesthetized behavioral states without causing tissue disruption or device failure. Once implanted, probes are mechanically stable and permit precise, stable signal monitoring at the level of the local field potential and individual action potentials. These results support the translational potential of such devices for clinically indicated neurophysiologic recording in pediatric patients. Additionally, the role of organic bioelectronics as an enabling technology to address questions in developmental neuroscience is revealed.
Water Catchers within Sub‐Nano Channels Promote Step‐by‐Step Zinc‐Ion Dehydration Enable Highly Efficient Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Dongming , Wang Zhe , Liu Chengjun , Li Haoyu , Ouyang Feng , Chen Benqiang , Li Weihang , Ren Xueting , Bai Lishun , Chang Zhi , Pan Anqiang , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZinc metal suffers from violent and long‐lasting water‐induced side reactions and uncontrollable dendritic Zn growth, which seriously reduce the coulombic efficiency (CE) and lifespan of aqueous zinc‐metal batteries (AZMBs). To suppress the corresponding harmful effects of the highly active water, a stable zirconium‐based metal‐organic framework with water catchers decorated inside its sub‐nano channels is used to protect Zn‐metal. Water catchers within narrow channels can constantly trap water molecules from the solvated Zn‐ions and facilitate step‐by‐step desolvation/dehydration, thereby promoting the formation of an aggregative electrolyte configuration, which consequently eliminates water‐induced corrosion and side reactions. More importantly, the functionalized sub‐nano channels also act as ion rectifiers and promote fast but even Zn‐ions transport, thereby leading to a dendrite‐free Zn metal. As a result, the protected Zn metal demonstrates an unprecedented cycling stability of more than 10 000 h and an ultra‐high average CE of 99.92% during 4000 cycles. More inspiringly, a practical NH4V4O10//Zn pouch‐cell is fabricated and delivers a capacity of 98 mAh (under high cathode mass loading of 25.7 mg cm−2) and preserves 86.2% capacity retention after 150 cycles. This new strategy in promoting highly reversible Zn metal anodes would spur the practical utilization of AZMBs.
Highly Efficient Cash Sterilization with Ultrafast and Flexible Joule‐Heating Strategy by Laser Patterning
Authors: Xu Yang , Lin Jing , Chen Yi , Zhong Haosong , Lee Connie Kong Wai , Tan Min , Chen Siyu , Kim Minseong , Poon Elizabeth Wing Yan , Chan Timothy Yee Him , Yuan Aidan Qiaoyaxiao , Tang Miao , Yang Rongliang , Pan Yexin , Fu Ying , Li Mitch Guijun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince ancient times, humans have learned to use fire and other heating methods to fight against dangerous pathogens, like cooking raw food, sterilizing surgical tools, and disinfecting other pathogen transmission media. However, it remains difficult for current heating methods to achieve extremely fast and highly efficient sterilization simultaneously. Herein, an ultrafast and uniform heating‐based strategy with outstanding bactericidal performance is proposed. Ultra‐precise laser manufacturing is used to fabricate the Joule heater which can be rapidly heated to 90 °C in 5 s with less than 1 °C fluctuation in a large area by real‐time temperature feedback control. An over 98% bactericidal efficiency on S. aureus for 30 s and on E. coli for merely 5 s is shown. The heating strategy shows a 360 times faster acceleration compared to the commonly used steam sterilization from the suggested guidelines by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), indicating that high temperatures with short duration can effectively disinfect microorganisms. As a proof of concept, this heating strategy can be widely applied to sterilizing cash and various objects to help protect the public from bacteria in daily life.
Reversible Photochromism for Dynamically Tuning Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence Toward Multi‐Level Anti‐Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Song Lujie , Dong Ying , Zhao Biao , Wu Youping , Deng Jianping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhotochromic circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) demonstrates broad application prospects in the field of advanced functional materials. However, the current photochromic CPL focuses predominantly on single‐band CPL adjustment, and how to achieve dynamically tunable CPL in multi‐band is still highly challenging. This work reports the success in utilizing reversible photochromism for realizing full‐color CPL emission. Photochromic flexible films are created consisting of triple components: spiropyran (SP) working as photochromic matter, polyurethane (PU) as matrix, and chiral helical polyacetylene as chiral component. Further introducing blue fluorophore 9‐anthracene carboxylic acid (ACA) in the film, blue CPL and red CPL are emitted respectively through selective absorption/transmission and circularly polarized fluorescence energy transfer (CPF‐ET). Doping the photochromic film with diverse fluorophores provides full‐color CPL emission. Adding Zn2+ further intensifies fluorescence and CPL via forming merocyanine (MC)‐Zn2+ complex. Taking advantage of the diverse fluorescence and CPL emission, anti‐counterfeiting, and secondary encryption application of the resulting photochromic CPL materials are demonstrated.
Proteomic Identification of Small Extracellular Vesicle Proteins LAMB1 and Histone H4 for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Risk Stratification
Authors: Pang Bairen , Wang Qi , Chen Haotian , Liu Zhihan , Han Meng , Gong Jie , Yue Liang , Ding Xuan , Wang Suying , Yan Zejun , Chen Yingzhi , Malouf David , Bucci Joseph , Guo Tiannan , Zhou Cheng , Jiang Junhui , Li Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiagnosis and stratification of prostate cancer (PCa) patients using the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test is challenging. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a new star of liquid biopsy, has attracted interest to complement inaccurate PSA screening and invasiveness of tissue biopsy. In this study, a panel of potential small EV (sEV) protein biomarkers is identified from PCa cell lines using label‐free LC‐MS/MS proteomics. These biomarkers underwent further validation with plasma and urine samples from different PCa stages through parallel reaction monitoring‐based targeted proteomics, western blotting, and ELISA. Additionally, a tissue microarray containing cancerous and noncancerous tissues is screened to provide additional evidence of selected sEV proteins associated with cancer origin. Results indicate that sEV protein LAMB1 is highly expressed in human plasma of metastatic PCa patients compared with localised PCa patients and control subjects, while sEV protein Histone H4 is highly expressed in human urine of high‐risk PCa patients compared to low‐risk PCa patients and control subjects. These two sEV proteins demonstrate higher specificity and sensitivity than the PSA test and show promise for metastatic PCa diagnosis, progression monitoring, and risk stratification.
Water‐Soluble Multifunctional Binder with Extraordinary Bonding Strength for High‐Voltage Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Wendong , Li Wenxiu , Tang Liang , Yang Tingzhou , Zhang Wen , Zhang Yongguang , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the ever‐increasing demand for low‐cost energy storage systems, sodium‐ion (Na‐ion) batteries have received great attention. However, the large volume change, sluggish reaction kinetics, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling inevitably deteriorate the performance of Na‐ion batteries. Herein, a high‐voltage water‐soluble multifunctional binder with an extraordinary bonding strength is investigated. Such water‐soluble binder not only exhibits an excellent adhesion strength to maintain the mechanical integrity and enhance the Na‐ion diffusion across the interfac but also constructs a robust protective layer to prevent side reactions and improve the cycle durability at high voltages. As a result, a specific capacity of 91.3 mAh g−1 at 10.0C and high capacity retention of 92.3% for 1000 cycles are achieved. A good cycle stability and rate performance between 2.5 and 4.4 V can be observed after pairing with a high‐voltage electrode, and the practical application of the high‐voltage water‐soluble multifunctional binder is further confirmed by a 0.95 Ah Na‐ion pouch cell.