bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of localization and nuclear aggregate formation induced by GFP‐lamin A mutant proteins in living HeLa cells
Authors: Hübner S. , Eam J.E. , Wagstaff K.M. , Jans D.A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlthough A‐type lamins are ubiquitously expressed, their role in the tissue‐specificity of human laminopathies remains enigmatic. In this study, we generate a series of transfection constructs encoding missense lamin A mutant proteins fused to green fluorescent protein and investigate their subnuclear localization using quantitative live cell imaging. The mutant constructs used included the laminopathy‐inducing lamin A rod domain mutants N195K, E358K, M371K, R386K, the tail domain mutants G465D, R482L, and R527P, and the Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome‐causing deletion mutant, progerin (LaAΔ50). All mutant derivatives induced nuclear aggregates, except for progerin, which caused a more lobulated phenotype of the nucleus. Quantitative analysis revealed that the frequency of nuclear aggregate formation was significantly higher (two to four times) for the mutants compared to the wild type, although the level of lamin fusion proteins within nuclear aggregates was not. The distribution of endogenous A‐type lamins was altered by overexpression of the lamin A mutants, coexpression experiments revealing that aberrant localization of the N195K and R386K mutants had no effect on the subnuclear distribution of histones H2A or H2B, or on nuclear accumulation of H2A overexpressed as a DsRed2 fusion protein. The GFP‐lamin fusion protein‐expressing constructs will have important applications in the future, enabling live cell imaging of nuclear processes involving lamins and how this may relate to the pathogenesis of laminopathies. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 810–826, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gingival fibroblasts are better at inhibiting osteoclast formation than periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: de Vries Teun J. , Schoenmaker Ton , Wattanaroonwong Nutthamon , van den Hoonaard Marije , Nieuwenhuijse Arlies , Beertsen Wouter , Everts Vincent 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVarious studies indicate that periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) have some similarities to osteoblasts, for example they have the capacity to induce the formation of osteoclast‐like cells. Here, we investigated whether a second population of tooth‐associated fibroblasts, gingival fibroblasts (GF), has similar osteoclastogenesis properties. PLF and GF were co‐cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the presence and absence of dexamethasone and 1α,25dihydroxycholecalciferol (dex + vit D3) on plastic and on cortical bone slices. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) positive multinucleated cells (MNCs) were more abundant in co‐cultures with PLF than in GF‐PBMC co‐cultures, more abundant on plastic compared to bone and more abundant in the presence of dex + vit D3. In line with these findings was an inhibition of MNC formation and not inhibition of existing osteoclasts by medium conditioned by GF. We next investigated whether expression of molecules important for osteoclastogenesis differed between the two types of fibroblasts and whether these molecules were regulated by dex + vit D3. OPG was detected at high levels in both fibroblast cultures, whereas RANKL could not be detected. Resorption of bone did not occur by the MNCs formed in the presence of either fibroblast subpopulation, suggesting that the fibroblasts secrete inhibitors of bone resorption or that the osteoclast‐like cells were not functional. The incapacity of the MNCs to resorb was abolished by culturing the fibroblast‐PBMC cultures with M‐CSF and RANKL. Our results suggest that tooth‐associated fibroblasts may trigger the formation of osteoclast‐like cells, but more importantly, they play a role in preventing bone resorption, since additional stimuli are required for the formation of active osteoclasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 370–382, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Knockdown of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α by siRNA inhibits C2C12 myoblast differentiation
Authors: Ono Yusuke , Sensui Hiroomi , Sakamoto Yuzuru , Nagatomi Ryoichi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe analyzed the role of Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α in myoblast differentiation by examining the expression and regulation of HIF‐1α in proliferating and differentiating C2C12 myoblast, and by knocking down HIF‐1α of C2C12 myoblasts with small interfering RNA (siRNA), given that HIF‐1α has been shown to be involved in differentiative process in non‐muscle tissues. Although HIF‐1α mRNA was constantly expressed in C2C12 myoblasts both under growth and differentiating phase, HIF‐1α protein was hardly detectable in the growth phase but became detectable only during myogenic differentiation even under normoxia. During early stage of C2C12 myogenesis, HIF‐1α accumulated in the nuclei of myogenin‐positive myoblasts. The inhibition of proteasome in the growth phase led to HIF‐1α protein accumulation, whereas in the differentiation phase the inhibition of Hsp90, which stabilizes HIF‐1α, suppressed HIF‐1α accumulation. Therefore, we suggest that the level of HIF‐1α protein expression is regulated by a proteasome‐and chaperon‐dependent pathway in C2C12 myoblast. Knockdown of HIF‐1α effectively blocked myotube formation and myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression. Finally, HIF‐1α expression in vivo was confirmed in the regenerative muscle tissue of mice after eccentric exercise. We conclude that HIF‐1α is required for C2C12 myogenesis in vitro, and suggest that HIF‐1α may have an essential role in regenerative muscle tissue in vivo. J. Cell. Biochem. 98: 642–649, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global analyses of satellite‐derived vegetation index related to climatological wetness and warmth
Authors: Suzuki Rikie , Xu Jianqing , Motoya Ken 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWetness and warmth are the principal factors that control global vegetation distribution. This paper investigates climate–vegetation relationships at a global scale using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), warmth index (WAI), and wetness index (WEI).The NDVI was derived from a global, 20‐year Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) dataset with 4‐min resolution. The WEI was defined as the ratio of precipitation to potential evaporation. The WAI was defined as the cumulative monthly mean temperature that exceeds 5 °C annually. Meteorological data from the International Satellite Land‐Surface Climatology Project Initiative II (ISLSCP II) dataset were used to calculate the WEI and WAI. All analyses used annual values based on averages from 1986 to 1995 at 1 × 1 degree resolution over land. Relationships among NDVI, WEI, and WAI values were examined using a vegetation‐climate diagram with the WEI and WAI as orthogonal coordinates.The diagram shows that large NDVI values correspond to areas of tropical and temperate forests and large WEI and WAI values. Small WEI and WAI values are associated with small NDVI values that correspond to desert and tundra, respectively.Two major regimes are revealed by the NDVI vegetation‐climate diagram: wetness dominant and warmth dominant. Wetness dominates mid‐ and low latitudes. Warmth dominates high latitudes north of 60°N or elevated land such as the Tibetan Plateau. The boundary between the two regimes roughly corresponds to the vegetation boundary between taiga forest and southern vegetation. Over northern Eurasia, the boundary occurs in areas where the NDVI is large and the maximum monthly temperature is around 18 °C. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Synthesis and characterization of model diblock copolymers of poly(dimethylsiloxane) with poly(1,4‐butadiene) or poly(ethylene)
Authors: Ciolino Andrés , Sakellariou Giorgos , Pantazis Dimitris , Villar Marcelo A. , Vallés Enrique , Hadjichristidis Nikos 
Published: January 2006

AbstractModel diblock copolymers of poly(1,4‐butadiene) (PB) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), PB‐b‐PDMS, were synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization (high vacuum techniques) of butadiene and hexamethylciclotrisiloxane (D3) in the presence of sec‐BuLi. By homogeneous hydrogenation of PB‐b‐PDMS, the corresponding poly(ethylene) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymers, PE‐b‐PDMS, were obtained. The synthesized block copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and rheology. SEC combined with 1H NMR analysis indicates that the polydispersity index of the samples (Mw/Mn) is low, and that the chemical composition of the copolymers varies from low to medium PDMS content. According to DSC and TGA experiments, the thermal stability of these block copolymers depends on the PDMS content, whereas TEM analysis reveals ordered arrangements of the microphases. The morphologies observed vary from spherical and cylindrical to lamellar domains. This ordered state (even at high temperatures) was further confirmed by small‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow tests. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1579–1590, 2006
Self‐immolative dendrimers as novel drug delivery platforms
Authors: Shabat Doron 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSelf‐immolative dendrimers were recently developed and introduced as a potential platform for a single‐triggered multi‐prodrug. These unique structural dendrimers can release all of their tail units through domino‐like chain fragmentation, which is initiated by a single cleavage at the dendrimer core. The incorporation of drug molecules as the tail units and an enzyme substrate as the trigger generates a multi‐prodrug unit that is activated with a single enzymatic cleavage. We have demonstrated several examples of self‐immolative dendritic prodrug systems and have shown significant advantages with respect to the appropriate monomeric prodrug. We anticipate that single‐triggered, dendritic prodrugs will be exploited to further improve selective chemotherapeutic approaches in cancer therapy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1569–1578, 2006
Divinylsiloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene‐based polymer modified with polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymers
Authors: So Ying‐Hung , Foster Pamela , Im Jang‐Hi , Garrou Philip , Hetzner Jack , Stark Edmund , Baranek Kayla 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDivinylsiloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene (DVS‐bisBCB) polymer has very low dielectric constant and dissipation factor, good thermal stability, and high chemical resistance. The fracture toughness of the thermoset polymer is moderate due to its high crosslink density. A thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer, was incorporated into the matrix to enhance its toughness. The cured thermoset matrix showed different morphology when the elastomer was added to the B‐staged prepolymer or when the elastomer was B‐staged with the DVS‐bisBCB monomer. Small and uniformly distributed elastomer domains were detected by transmission electron micrographs (TEM) in the former case, but TEM did not detect a separate domain in the latter case. A high percentage of the polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer could be incorporated into the DVS‐bisBCB thermoset matrix by B‐staging the triblock copolymer with the BCB monomer. The elastomer increased the fracture toughness of DVS‐bisBCB polymer as indicated by enhanced elongation at break and increased K1c values obtained by the modified edge‐lift‐off test. Elastomer modified DVS‐bisBCB maintained excellent electrical properties, high Tg and good thermal stability, but showed higher coefficient of linear thermal expansion values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1591–1599, 2006
Thermal and mechanical analysis of metallocene‐catalyzed ethene–α‐olefin copolymers: The influence of the length and number of the crystallizing side chains
Authors: Piel C. , Starck P. , Seppälä J. V. , Kaminsky W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCopolymers of ethene and 1‐octene, 1‐dodecene, 1‐octadecene, and 1‐hexacosene were carried out with [Ph2C(2,7‐di‐tertBuFlu)(Cp)]ZrCl2/methylalumoxane as a catalyst to obtain short‐chain branched polyethylenes with branch lengths of 6–26 carbon atoms. This catalyst provided high activity and a very good comonomer and hydrogen response. In this study, the influence of the length and number of the side chains on the mechanical properties of the materials was investigated. The crystalline methylene sequence lengths of the copolymers and lamellar thicknesses were calculated after the application of a differential scanning calorimetry/successive self‐annealing separation technique. By dynamic mechanical analysis, the storage modulus as an indicator of the stiffness and the loss modulus as a measure of the effect of branching on the α and β relaxations were studied. The results were related to the measurements of the polymer density and tensile strength to determine the effect of longer side chains on the material properties. The hexacosene copolymers had side chains of 24 carbons and remarkable material properties very different from those of conventional linear low‐density polyethylenes. The side chains of these copolymers crystallized with one another and not only parallel to the backbone lamellar layer, depending on the hexacosene concentration in the copolymer. The side chains crystallized even at low hexacosene concentrations in the copolymer. A transfer of these results to 16 carbons side chains in ethene–octadecene copolymers was also possible. © 2006 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1600–1612, 2006
Preparation of block copolymers via Diels Alder reaction of maleimide‐ and anthracene‐end functionalized polymers
Authors: Durmaz Hakan , Colakoglu Bige , Tunca Umit , Hizal Gurkan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA number of diblock copolymers were successfully prepared by Diels–Alder reaction, between maleimide‐ and anthracene‐end functionalized poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in toluene, at 110 °C. For this purpose, 2‐bromo‐2‐methyl‐propionic acid 2‐(3,5‐dioxo‐10‐oxa‐4‐azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐en‐4‐yl)‐ethyl ester, 2, 9‐anthyrylmethyl 2‐bromo‐2‐methyl propanoate, 3, and 2‐bromo‐propionic acid 2‐(3,5‐dioxo‐10‐oxa‐4‐azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec‐8‐en‐4‐yl)‐ethyl ester, 4, were used as initiators in atom transfer radical polymerization, in the presence of Cu(I) salt and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), at various temperatures. On the other hand, PEG with maleimide‐ or anthracene‐end functionality was achieved by esterification between monohydroxy PEG and succinic acid monoathracen‐9‐ylmethyl ester, 1, or 4‐maleimido‐benzoyl chloride. Thus‐obtained PMMA‐b‐PS, PEG‐b‐PS, PtBA‐b‐PS, and PMMA‐b‐PEG block copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, UV, and GPC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1667–1675, 2006
Permafrost existence in rock glaciers of the Argentera Massif, Maritime Alps, Italy
Authors: Ribolini Adriano , Fabre Denis 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThermal and geo‐electrical investigations were carried out on five rock glaciers in the Argentera Massif to detect the presence of permafrost and to define its existence and activity elevation limits. Ground surface temperature was monitored using digital dataloggers, and sub‐surface ice occurrence was inferred from one‐dimensional geo‐electrical soundings. Bottom temperatures of snow cover, extracted from winter recordings, indicate possible or probable presence of permafrost for some rock glaciers. Geo‐electrical soundings reveal the existence of sediments rich and super‐saturated with ice for thicknesses often reaching several tens of metres. The limits for permafrost existence and for rock glacier activity can thus be fixed respectively at about 2500 m and 2600 m ASL. The results from 110 earlier geo‐electrical soundings, carried out on rock glaciers in different sectors of the southwestern Alps, were processed and compared with the results of this work. A general classification of rock glaciers into active, inactive and relict was possible for the Argentera Massif. Inactive and relict rock glaciers probably originated during colder Holocene and Late‐glacial periods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laryngeal carcinoma: five-year survival and patterns of failure in 202 consecutive patients treated with primary or post-operative radiotherapy in Hong Kong
Authors: Vlantis Alexander C , Yu Brian K H , Tsang Raymond K Y , Kam Michael K M , Lo Phoebe S Y , van Hasselt C Andrew 
Published: January 2006

Objectives: We aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of patients treated with radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma at a single institution.Methods: We analysed data from 202 consecutive patients treated with primary or post-operative radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma over a 10-year period.Results: Sixty-nine patients had a T1, 65 a T2, 39 a T3 and 29 a T4 lesion. Forty-one patients were node-positive. The clinical stage was I in 67 patients, II in 53, III in 36 and IV in 46. Primary radiotherapy was given to 152 patients. The median follow up was 60 months. The five-year overall local control rate was 86 per cent, the ultimate local control rate was 93 per cent, the five-year regional control rate was 96 per cent, the five-year relapse-free survival rate was 82 per cent and the five-year overall survival rate was 69 per cent.Conclusions: Patients with laryngeal carcinoma treated with primary or post-operative radiotherapy had a five-year overall survival rate of 69 per cent.
Identification of a keratinocarcinoma cell line expressing AQP3
Authors: Nakakoshi Masamichi , Morishita Yoshiyuki , Usui Keitaro , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Ishibashi Kenichi 
Published: January 2006

Background information. AQP3 (aquaporin 3) in the skin is important for skin moisture as demonstrated by the studies of AQP3‐null mice, which have accelerated skin drying. Prevention of dry skin is important not only from a cosmetic but also from a clinical point of view. Primary keratinocyte cultures are cumbersome for screening substances that modulate AQP3 expression.Results. A human keratocarcinoma cell line was found to express AQP3 mRNA and protein, which responded to hypertonic stimulation with sorbitol, suggesting that the AQP3 expression is normally regulated in this cell line. This cell line also expressed the type 1 keratinocyte transglutaminase gene. The AQP3 expression was unaffected by all‐trans‐retinoic acid up to 10−6 M. Similarly, the retinoic acid did not increase the AQP3 expression up to 1$ concentration in rat skin.Conclusion. This cell line is useful for the screening of candidate substances that modulate AQP3 expression.
Adult murine CNS stem cells express aquaporin channels
Authors: La Porta Caterina A.M. , Gena Patrizia , Gritti Angela , Fascio Umberto , Svelto Maria , Calamita Giuseppe 
Published: January 2006

Background information. Fluid homoeostasis is of critical importance in many functions of the CNS (central nervous system) as indicated by the fact that dysregulation of cell volume underlies clinical conditions such as brain oedema and hypoxia. Water balance is also important during neurogenesis as neural stem cells move considerable amounts of water into or out of the cell to rapidly change their volume during differentiation. Consistent with the relevance of water transport in CNS, multiple AQP (aquaporin) water channels have been recognized and partially characterized in brain cell function. However, the presence and distribution of AQPs in CNS stem cells has not yet been assessed.Results. In the present study, we investigate the expression and subcellular localization of AQPs in murine ANSCs (adult neural stem cells). Considerable AQP8 mRNAs were found in ANSCs where, as expected, the transcript of two additional AQPs, AQP4 and AQP9, was also detected. Immunoblotting with subcellular membrane fractions of ANSCs showed predominant expression of AQP8 in the mitochondria‐enriched fraction. This result was consistent with the spotted immunoreactivity profile encountered within the ANSCs by confocal immunofluorescence.Conclusions. AQP8 may have a role in mitochondrial volume regulation during ANSC differentiation. Recognition of AQPs in ANSCs is a step forward in our knowledge of water homoeostasis in the CNS and provides useful information for the purposes of stem cell technology.
Biochemical characterization of androgen receptor-interacting protein 4
Authors: Domanskyi Andrii , Virtanen Katja T. , Palvimo Jorma J. , Jänne Olli A. 
Published: January 2006

ARIP4 [AR (androgen receptor)-interacting protein 4] is a member of the SNF2-like family of proteins. Its sequence similarity to known proteins is restricted to the centrally located SNF2 ATPase domain. ARIP4 is an active ATPase, and dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) and ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) enhance its catalytic activity. We show in the present study that ARIP4 interacts with AR and binds to DNA and mononucleosomes. The N-terminal region of ARIP4 mediates interaction with AR. Kinetic parameters of the ARIP4 ATPase are similar to those of BRG-1 and SNF2h, two members of the SNF2-like protein family, but the specific activity of ARIP4 protein purified to &gt;90% homogeneity is approximately ten times lower, being 120 molecules of ATP hydrolysed by an ARIP4 molecule per min in contrast with approx. 1000 ATP molecules hydrolysed per min by ATP-dependent chromatin remodellers. Unlike other members of the SNF2 family, ARIP4 does not appear to form large protein complexes in vivo or remodel mononucleosomes in vitro. ARIP4 is covalently modified by sumoylation, and mutation of six potential SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) attachment sites abolished the ability of ARIP4 to bind DNA, hydrolyse ATP and activate AR function. We conclude that, similar to its closest homologues in the SNF2-like protein family, ATRX (α-thalassemia, mental retardation, X-linked) and Rad54, ARIP4 does not seem to be a classical chromatin remodelling protein.