bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural maturation of myofilaments in engineered 3D cardiac microtissues characterized using small angle x-ray scattering
Authors: van Dover Geoffrey , Javor Josh , Ewoldt Jourdan K , Zhernenkov Mikhail , Wąsik Patryk , Freychet Guillaume , Lee Josh , Brown Dana , Chen Christopher S , Bishop David J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the structural and functional development of human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is essential to engineering cardiac tissue that enables pharmaceutical testing, modeling diseases, and designing therapies. Here we use a method not commonly applied to biological materials, small angle x-ray scattering, to characterize the structural development of hiPSC-CMs within three-dimensional engineered tissues during their preliminary stages of maturation. An x-ray scattering experimental method enables the reliable characterization of the cardiomyocyte myofilament spacing with maturation time. The myofilament lattice spacing monotonically decreases as the tissue matures from its initial post-seeding state over the span of 10 days. Visualization of the spacing at a grid of positions in the tissue provides an approach to characterizing the maturation and organization of cardiomyocyte myofilaments and has the potential to help elucidate mechanisms of pathophysiology, and disease progression, thereby stimulating new biological hypotheses in stem cell engineering.
Quantum yield in induced-junction silicon photodiodes at wavelengths around 400 nm
Authors: Werner Lutz , Linke Ulrike , Müller Ingmar , Kubarsepp Toomas , Sildoja Meelis-Mait , Tran Trinh , Gran Jarle 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The quantum yield in silicon has previously been assumed to be of significance only in the ultraviolet spectral range. Due to the low internal losses of induced-junction silicon photodiodes and their predictability it is possible for the first time to make more accurate estimation of the quantum yield. We report on measurement of quantum yield in induced-junction silicon photodiodes. The results show that the quantum yield can be larger than unity even at wavelengths around 450 nm. A model of the quantum yield has been fitted to the experimental data and can be implemented in the spectral responsivity models to maintain high accuracy predictability to around 160 ppm down to 360 nm.
Explainable machine learning predictions of perceptual sensitivity for retinal prostheses
Authors: Pogoncheff Galen , Hu Zuying , Rokem Ariel , Beyeler Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Retinal prostheses evoke visual precepts by electrically stimulating functioning cells in the retina. Despite high variance in perceptual thresholds across subjects, among electrodes within a subject, and over time, retinal prosthesis users must undergo ‘system fitting’, a process performed to calibrate stimulation parameters according to the subject’s perceptual thresholds. Although previous work has identified electrode-retina distance and impedance as key factors affecting thresholds, an accurate predictive model is still lacking. Approach. To address these challenges, we (1) fitted machine learning models to a large longitudinal dataset with the goal of predicting individual electrode thresholds and deactivation as a function of stimulus, electrode, and clinical parameters (‘predictors’) and (2) leveraged explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to reveal which of these predictors were most important. Main results. Our models accounted for up to 76% of the perceptual threshold response variance and enabled predictions of whether an electrode was deactivated in a given trial with F1 and area under the ROC curve scores of up to 0.732 and 0.911, respectively. Our models identified novel predictors of perceptual sensitivity, including subject age, time since blindness onset, and electrode-fovea distance. Significance. Our results demonstrate that routinely collected clinical measures and a single session of system fitting might be sufficient to inform an XAI-based threshold prediction strategy, which has the potential to transform clinical practice in predicting visual outcomes.
Unveiling the role of tropical Pacific on the emergence of ice-free Arctic projections
Authors: Jahfer Sharif , Ha Kyung-Ja , Chung Eui-Seok , Franzke Christian L E , Sharma Sahil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The observed sea ice concentration (SIC) over the Arctic has receded substantially in recent decades, and future model projections predict a seasonally ice-free Arctic in the second half of this century. Nevertheless, the impact of the Pacific on Arctic sea ice projections has yet to receive much attention. Observations show that summertime Arctic SIC growth events are related to the weakening of the Aleutian low and cooling events over the equatorial Pacific, and vice versa. We demonstrate that under various Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 projections, the models in which the impact of El Niño-driven SIC loss is significantly higher than the La Niña-related SIC growth tend to turn seasonally ice-free by about 10–20 years ahead of the ensemble mean under high-emission future scenarios. We show how the non-linear impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Arctic SIC resulted in a faster decline of summertime sea ice. The ENSO-related SIC changes in the multi-model ensemble mean of Arctic SIC are considerably lower than the internal variability and anthropogenic-driven changes. However, the asymmetric interannual ENSO effects over several decades and the resultant changes in surface heat fluxes over the Arctic lead to significant differences in the timing of sea ice extinction. Our results suggest that climate models must capture the realistic tropical Pacific–Arctic teleconnection to better predict the long-term evolution of the Arctic climate.
Enhanced sensitivity and tunability of thermomechanical resonance near the buckling bifurcation
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Baglioni Gabriele , Boix-Constant Carla , van der Zant Herre S J , Steeneken Peter G , Verbiest Gerard J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The high susceptibility of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) material resonators to force and temperature makes them ideal systems for sensing applications and exploring thermomechanical coupling. Although the dynamics of these systems at high stress has been thoroughly investigated, their behavior near the buckling transition has received less attention. Here, we demonstrate that the force sensitivity and frequency tunability of 2D material resonators are significantly enhanced near the buckling bifurcation. This bifurcation is triggered by compressive displacement that we induce via thermal expansion of the devices, while measuring their dynamics via an optomechanical technique. We understand the frequency tuning of the devices through a mechanical buckling model, which allows to extract the central deflection and boundary compressive displacement of the membrane. Surprisingly, we obtain a remarkable enhancement of up to 14× the vibration amplitude attributed to a very low stiffness of the membrane at the buckling transition, as well as a high frequency tunability by temperature of more than 4.02

%

K−1. The presented results provide insights into the effects of buckling on the dynamics of free-standing 2D materials and thereby open up opportunities for the realization of 2D resonant sensors with buckling-enhanced sensitivity.
Study on the influence of tool rotational speeds/welding traverse speeds on the quality and surface formation of 6mm copper friction stir welding
Authors: An Tiancheng , Li Xitong , Xu Hongyong , Lan Changquan , Song Linlin , Hui Hui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a study on the formation and process parameters of friction stir welding joints on 6mm thick copper plates. Numerous experiments were conducted at lower rotational speeds and moderate welding traverse speeds to obtain optimal process parameters for high-quality friction stir welding joints with good surface formation and no internal defects. Simultaneously, considering the thickness tolerance fluctuations in the large-scale engineering application of Copper FSW, tests were conducted with pin lengths and shoulder plunge depths less than the plate thickness. Additionally, a unique modular stirring tool was designed by ourselves to reduce costs in large-scale engineering applications. The experimental results demonstrate that under the parameters of a rotational speed of 275r/min and a traverse speed of 120mm/min, welding joints with both surface and internal integrity can be achieved, with the joint strength level exceeding 80% of the base material. The mechanical weak point of the joint is located in the TMAZ region just below the pin as revealed by SEM testing, which shows both plastic and brittle fractures. EDS results indicate no inclusions or second-phase precipitates at the surface and port locations.
Flexible humidity sensor based on PEDOT:PSS/Mxene nanocomposite
Authors: Chaloeipote Gun , Wongchoosuk Chatchawal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flexible humidity sensor is essential in emerging applications including health care monitoring, soft robots, human-machine interfaces and noncontact measurements for important indicators. This study presents the development of a highly efficient flexible humidity sensor utilizing a nanocomposite of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and Mxene as the sensing material coated onto a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transmission infrared spectroscopy to assess its quality, morphology, and chemical functional groups. The results show a good linkage of p-type PEDOT:PSS and p-type Mxene sensing nanocomposite. The PEDOT:PSS/Mxene humidity sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 3.27%ΔR/%ΔRH at room temperature. The PEDOT:PSS/MXene nanocomposite offers an enhanced humidity performance by synergies of direct charge transfer and swelling mechanism as well as hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction.
Climate change adaptation by smallholder farmers in Southern Africa: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review
Authors: Shoko Kori Dumisani , Kelso Clare , Musakwa Walter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Climate change adaptation research is currently a policy priority. For smallholder farmers, it provides opportunities for resilience building. The research area is growing rapidly and calls to synthesize existing data have been made. Existing work forms a basic picture of the trends in the research area. However, it is limited in scope and methodological approaches used. This work synthesizes climate change adaptation research on smallholder farmers in Southern Africa. It gives an overview of past and current directions of climate change adaptation research using a combination of bibliometric analysis techniques and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Results show a steady growth in research, a disproportionate distribution of research and weak research collaboration among Southern African countries. Diverse methodologies are in use but a combination of approaches is rare. Co-occurrence of keywords show recognizable strides in research ranging from adaptation to mitigation linkages to the influence of climate change impacts on adaptation and livelihood outcomes. Strengthened research collaboration between countries in Southern Africa should be advocated for. This would help develop viable, appropriate and localized adaptation solutions. Equitable allocation of funding is pertinent to ensure uniform research activity and adaptation action across the region. A combination of research approaches is needed to push forward adaptation research on smallholder farmers in Southern Africa.
Exploiting a derivative discontinuity estimate for accurate
G0W0
ionization potentials and electron affinities
Authors: Mejia-Rodriguez Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The GW approximation has become an important tool for predicting charged excitations of isolated molecules and condensed systems. Its popularity can be attributed to many factors, including a favorable scaling and relatively good accuracy. In practical applications, the GW is often performed as a one-shot perturbation known as

G
0

W
0

. Unfortunately,

G
0

W
0

suffers from a strong starting point dependence and is often not as accurate as one would need. Self-consistent GW methodologies alleviate these problems but come with a marked increase in computational cost. In this manuscript, we propose the use of an estimate of the exchange-correlation derivative discontinuity to provide a remarkably good starting point for

G
0

W
0

calculations, yielding ionization potentials and electron affinities with eigenvalue self-consistent GW quality at no additional cost. We assess the quality of the resulting methodology with the GW100 benchmark set and compare its advantages over other similar methods.
Inverting the Kohn–Sham equations with physics-informed machine learning
Authors: Martinetto Vincent , Shah Karan , Cangi Attila , Pribram-Jones Aurora 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Electronic structure theory calculations offer an understanding of matter at the quantum level, complementing experimental studies in materials science and chemistry. One of the most widely used methods, density functional theory, maps a set of real interacting electrons to a set of fictitious non-interacting electrons that share the same probability density. Ensuring that the density remains the same depends on the exchange-correlation (XC) energy and, by a derivative, the XC potential. Inversions provide a method to obtain exact XC potentials from target electronic densities, in hopes of gaining insights into accuracy-boosting approximations. Neural networks provide a new avenue to perform inversions by learning the mapping from density to potential. In this work, we learn this mapping using physics-informed machine learning methods, namely physics informed neural networks and Fourier neural operators. We demonstrate the capabilities of these two methods on a dataset of one-dimensional atomic and molecular models. The capabilities of each approach are discussed in conjunction with this proof-of-concept presentation. The primary finding of our investigation is that the combination of both approaches has the greatest potential for inverting the Kohn–Sham equations at scale.
Comparative modeling of cost-optimal energy system flexibility for Swedish and Austrian regions
Authors: Mata Érika , Garcia Nicolas Pardo , Suna Demet , Unluturk Burcu , Jacobson Anton , Lysenko Olga 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study develops a reproducible method for estimating the cost-efficient flexibility potential of a local or regional energy system. Future scenarios that achieve ambitious climate targets and estimate the cost-efficient flexibility potential of demonstration sites were defined. Flexible potentials for energy system assessment are upscaled from the demonstration sites in Eskilstuna (Sweden) and Lower Austria (Austria). As heat pumps (HPs) and district heating (DH) are critical for future heat demand, these sites are representative types of DH networks in terms of size and integration with the electricity grid. In both regions a TIMES model is used for energy system optimization, while for upscaling, Eskilstuna uses the building-stock model ECCABS, whereas Lower Austria uses a mixed integer linear programming optimization model, and the BALMOREL power system model. According to the modeling, HPs will dominate Eskilstuna’s heating sector by 2040. In Lower Austria, DH becomes more prevalent, in combination with wood biomass and HPs. These findings are explained by the postulated technological-economic parameters, energy prices, and CO2 prices. We conclude that future electricity prices will determine future heating systems: either a high share of centralized HPs (if electricity prices are low) or a high share of combined heat-and-power (if electricity prices are high). Large-scale energy storage and biomass can be essential solutions as may deliver increased cost-effectiveness, if available and under certain conditions.
Ancient Answers to Modern Questions
Authors: Robison Claire C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the curated educational processes that guide Indian devotees through the shifts in doctrine and ritual praxis they must make to adopt this modern, institutionalized form of Hinduism. Religious education sits at the helm of ISKCON’s engagement with Mumbai’s publics, particularly the Chowpatty temple’s repertoire of courses and exams. I argue that recommitment to religious heritage through ISKCON refigures that heritage as something gained through a discrete process of education and training, rather than family customs. This process parallels contemporary Indian educational culture and coaching practices, aiming to replace the uncertainties of modern urban life with the conviction of representing a lineage that can “answer all one’s questions” through imparting the “science of God” and the “systematic Gita.” Therein, ISKCON’s religious messages reflect an indigenization into local idioms of Hindu religiosity, including aspirations for religious organizations to display a “rational basis” in educational rigor and to impart skills for success in life.
Exogenous abscisic acid induces the formation of a suberized barrier to radial oxygen loss in adventitious roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Shiono Katsuhiro , Matsuura Haruka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Internal root aeration is essential for root growth in waterlogged conditions. Aerenchyma provides a path for oxygen to diffuse to the roots. In most wetland species, including rice, a barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL) allows more of the oxygen to diffuse to the root tip, enabling root growth into anoxic soil. Most dryland crops, including barley, do not form a root ROL barrier. We previously found that abscisic acid (ABA) signalling is involved in the induction of ROL barrier formation in rice during waterlogging. Although rice typically does not form a tight ROL barrier in roots in aerated conditions, an ROL barrier with suberized exodermis was induced by application of exogenous ABA. Therefore, we hypothesized that ABA application could also trigger root ROL barrier formation with hypodermal suberization in barley.

Methods
Formation of an ROL barrier was examined in roots in different exogenous ABA concentrations and at different time points using cylindrical electrodes and Methylene Blue staining. Additionally, we evaluated root porosity and observed suberin and lignin modification. Suberin, lignin and Casparian strips in the cell walls were observed by histochemical staining. We also evaluated the permeability of the apoplast to a tracer.

Key Results
Application of ABA induced suberization and ROL barrier formation in the adventitious roots of barley. The hypodermis also formed lignin-containing Casparian strips and a barrier to the infiltration of an apoplastic tracer (periodic acid). However, ABA application did not affect root porosity.

Conclusions
Our results show that in artificial conditions, barley can induce the formation of ROL and apoplastic barriers in the outer part of roots if ABA is applied exogenously. The difference in ROL barrier inducibility between barley (an upland species) and rice (a wetland species) might be attributable to differences in ABA signalling in roots in response to waterlogging conditions.
EpiVar Browser: advanced exploration of epigenomics data under controlled access
Authors: Lougheed David R , Liu Hanshi , Aracena Katherine A , Grégoire Romain , Pacis Alain , Pastinen Tomi , Barreiro Luis B , Joly Yann , Bujold David , Bourque Guillaume 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Human epigenomic data has been generated by large consortia for thousands of cell types to be used as a reference map of normal and disease chromatin states. Since epigenetic data contains potentially identifiable information, similarly to genetic data, most raw files generated by these consortia are stored in controlled-access databases. It is important to protect identifiable information, but this should not hinder secure sharing of these valuable datasets.

Results
Guided by the Framework for responsible sharing of genomic and health-related data from the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH), we have developed an approach and a tool to facilitate the exploration of epigenomics datasets’ aggregate results, while filtering out identifiable information. Specifically, the EpiVar Browser allows a user to navigate an epigenetic dataset from a cohort of individuals and enables direct exploration of genotype–chromatin phenotype relationships. Because individual genotypes and epigenetic signal tracks are not directly accessible, and rather aggregated in the portal output, no identifiable data is released, yet the interface allows for dynamic genotype—epigenome interrogation. This approach has the potential to accelerate analyses that would otherwise require a lengthy multi-step approval process and provides a generalizable strategy to facilitate responsible access to sensitive epigenomics data.

Availability and implementation
Online portal: https://computationalgenomics.ca/tools/epivar; EpiVar Browser source code: https://github.com/c3g/epivar-browser; bw-merge-window tool source code: https://github.com/c3g/bw-merge-window.
Mammographic surveillance after breast cancer
Authors: Evans Andy , Dunn Janet , Donnelly Peter Kevin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Early detection of local recurrence has been shown to improve survival. What is unclear is how frequently mammography should be performed, how long surveillance should continue and how the answers to these questions vary with tumour pathology, patients age, and surgery type. Many of these questions are not directly answerable from the current literature. While some of these questions will be answered by the Mammo-50 study, evidence from local recurrence rates, tumour biology, and the lead time of mammography can be used to guide policy. Young age is the strongest predictor of local recurrence and given the short lead time of screening in women under 50, these women require annual mammography. Women over 50 with HER-2 positive and triple negative breast cancer have higher rates of local recurrence after breast conserving surgery than women with luminal cancers. Women with HER-2 positive and triple negative breast cancer also have a higher rate of recurrence in years 1-3 post surgery. Annual mammography in year 1-4 would appear justified. Women over 50 with luminal cancers have low rates of local recurrence and no early peak. Recurrence growth will be low due to tumour biology and hormone therapy. Biennial mammography after year 2 would seem appropriate. Women over 50 following mastectomy have no early peak in contralateral cancers so the frequency should be determined by the lead time of screening. This would suggest 2 yearly mammography for women aged 50-60 while 3 yearly mammography may suffice for women over 60.