bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of Directed Bone Growth at Oxidized Titanium Implants by Macroscopic Grooves: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Hall Jan , Miranda‐Burgos Patricia , Sennerby Lars 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:The influence of thread design at the millimeter level and surface topography at the micrometer level on bone integration and the stability of dental implants have been studied extensively. However, less is known about the influence of implant structures in the range of 50 to 200 μm.Purpose:The present in vivo investigation was undertaken to study if bone formation and implant stability were influenced by 110 (S1) and 200 (S3) μm‐wide and 70 μm‐deep grooves positioned at a thread flank of oxidized titanium implants.Materials and Methods:Eighteen rabbits and oxidized titanium implants (3.75 mm in diameter and 7 mm long) were used in the study. Nine rabbits received three control implants and three test implants with a 110 μm‐wide groove added to one thread flank. The remaining nine rabbits received three control implants and three test implants with a 200 μm‐wide groove. The animals were followed for 6 weeks. Removal torque (RTQ) tests were applied to two of the implants in each leg. The remaining implant per leg was retrieved for histology. The degree of bone fill within the grooves and corresponding bone formation at the opposing surfaces, the bone area within the threads, and the degree of bone‐implant contact were calculated for each implant.Results:The histologic analyses revealed an affinity for bone formation within the grooves. The RTQ tests showed that the peak RTQ was approximately 30% higher for the S1 implants compared with control implants without a groove. The difference was statistically significant (p < .05) for tibial and pooled implants. A similar but smaller and not statistically significant effect, approximately 8%, was measured for the S3 implants. The histomorphometric measurements confirmed the observed affinity of bone for the grooves. For S1 implants, 78.7 ± 15.8% of the grooves were filled with bone, whereas only 46.2 ± 27% of the corresponding flank surface showed the presence of bone (p < .05). The corresponding figures for S3 and control implants were 72.7 ± 25.1% and 48.5 ± 13.6%, respectively (p < .05). The degrees of bone‐implant contact and bone area within the threads were similar for test and control implants.Conclusion:It is concluded that 110 and 200 μm‐wide and 70 μm‐deep grooves at oxidized implant surfaces stimulated bone to preferentially form within and along the groove in the rabbit model. The 110 μm‐wide groove was shown to increase the resistance to shear forces significantly. It is suggested that implants with such a groove may be one way to optimize implant stability in suboptimal clinical conditions.
Immediate/Early Function of Brånemark System® TiUnite™ Implants in Fresh Extraction Sockets in Maxillae and Posterior Mandibles: An 18‐Month Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Vanden Bogaerde Leonardo , Rangert Bo , Wendelhag Inger 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:The advantages of placing implants in fresh extraction sockets and putting them in immediate/early function are many. A predicable protocol opens the possibility of performing a single surgical procedure, giving the patient a temporary prosthesis immediately, and minimizing the shrinkage of hard tissue and soft tissue recession.Purpose:The aim of the present study was to develop a strict protocol for and to evaluate the feasibility of immediate/early function on implants placed in fresh extraction sockets located in maxillae and posterior mandibles, including defects around the implants treated according to a regenerative procedure.Materials and Methods:Nineteen patients were treated after tooth extraction according to an immediate function protocol and were observed for 18 months. Fifty Mk IV TiUnite™ (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) implants were installed in partially edentulous areas in maxillae (n = 17) and posterior mandibles (n = 5). Implants were installed directly into the alveoli, and the temporary prostheses were connected immediately after surgery (n= 11) or within 7 days, that is, an “early function” procedure (n = 11). Thirteen implants did not require any type of regenerative procedure, whereas the remaining 37 implants had filling with autogenous bone, 4 of which also had a resorbable membrane. Standardized intraoral radiographs were taken for evaluation of marginal bone level, and 38 of the implants were systematically checked by resonance frequency analysis.Results:All patients were followed for 18 months, and none of the 50 implants failed. However, one implant showed signs of failure after 6 weeks, but once the occlusal load was removed, the implant regained its stability completely, no longer demonstrated symptoms, and could be used successfully for prosthetic rehabilitation. The mean value of the implant stability quotient was 60 at baseline (range 45–75) and 63 after 6 months (range 46–75). The marginal bone resorption was 0.9 mm (SD 1.1 mm; n = 48) 18 months after implant insertion (1 year after final prosthesis).Conclusion:The immediate placement of implants into fresh extraction sockets combined with immediate/early function procedures seems to be a safe and reliable procedure when using a strict protocol.
Symmetry of non‐carious cervical lesions in canines and premolars
Authors: Maseki Toshio , Tanaka Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2006

Objectives:  Clinically non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) are frequently seen. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the shape and symmetry of NCCLs, wear of cuSPS and triangular ridge, and the curvature of the tooth root.Methods:  One hundred and twenty‐nine extracted human upper canine teeth and 274 extracted human upper premolar teeth with NCCLs were used in this study. The specimens were studied using photographs and three‐dimensional scanning.Results:  Asymmetric NCCL was observed in 69.0% of the canines and 44.5% of the premolars. Wear of cusp and lingual ridges was observed in 82.9% and 93.0% of the canines, respectively. Wear of the buccal cusp and buccal triangular ridge was observed in 85.4% and 89.8% of the premolars, respectively. On the other hand, the wear of lingual cusp and lingual triangular ridge was observed in 89.1% and 93.8% of the premolars, respectively. The curvature of the root was observed in 48.1% of the canines and 43.4% of the premolars.Conclusions:  There was no relationship between the symmetry of NCCLs, and the wear of cuSPS and triangular ridges for either canines or premolars. Although there was a relationship (p < 0.05) between the symmetry of NCCL and the curvature of the root in the canines, no relationship was observed between the symmetry of NCCL and the curvature of the root in the premolars.
The effect of age on the function of the masticatory system – an electromyographical analysis
Authors: Galo Rodrigo , Vitti Mathias , Santos Carla Moreto , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecílio , Regalo Simone Cecílio Hallak 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Old age is the last stage of human life and, unfortunately, the ageing rhythm of the oral cavity and masticatory system seems to be rather accelerated. Hence, there is a reduction in the amount of food ingested, establishing the imbalance of nutritional phenomena.Objective:  To assure a better quality of life for the elderly, it is necessary to understand their masticatory system.Materials and methods:  An electromyographical analysis of the masticatory system in 10 individuals aged between 60–75 years (group 1) and 10 between 23–30 years old (group 2) was carried out. The analysis was performed using a MyoSystem‐Br1 electromyographer with differential active electrodes. The test was registered during positioning and functional conditions, such as chewing, and the muscles assessed were the temporalis and masseter. Data were normalised by maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and the results were analysed statistically using independent t‐test during the comparison between groups.Results:  Statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) was found in the analysis of various activities, in which the elderly showed greater electromyographical activity values relative to their MVC during the different mandibular positions, such as left laterality. While the elderly subjects revealed values of 30% relative to their MVC, the young revealed 10%. However, during masticatory activities, the elderly revealed values of up to 79%, and the young of 108%, relative to their MVC, such as when they are chewing peanuts.Conclusion:  It could be concluded that the elderly show hyperactivity of masticatory musculature during posture maintenance and a slight hypoactivity of this musculature during chewing when analysed side by side with young individuals.
Normalized lengthening peak torque is associated with temporal twitch characteristics in elderly women but not young women
Authors: Cannon J. , Kay D. , Tarpenning K. M. , Marino F. E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAim:  To determine if greater normalized torque during maximal effort lengthening actions in elderly women compared with young women is related to age‐associated adjustments in neural activation and/or contractile function.Methods:  The right knee extensors of 14 young women (21–30 years) and 12 elderly women (65–78 years) were assessed for isometric, shortening and lengthening peak torque, electromyography (EMG) activity, and isometric twitch contractile properties. Knee extensor contractile tissue volume was determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Normalized torque was determined as peak torque per unit of knee extensor contractile tissue volume.Results:  Normalized torque during the isometric and shortening actions was similar between age groups (P > 0.05); however, lengthening normalized torque was significantly higher for the elderly women (P < 0.05). In the young women, a significant relationship existed between normalized torque and EMG for all muscle actions (P < 0.05), while no association was found between normalized torque and temporal twitch characteristics for any muscle action (P > 0.05). In the elderly women, a significant relationship existed between normalized torque and EMG for the isometric and shortening muscle actions (P < 0.05), but not for lengthening normalized torque and EMG (P > 0.05). Furthermore, no association existed between isometric and shortening normalized torque, and temporal twitch characteristics in the elderly women (P > 0.05); however, a significant relationship existed between lengthening normalized torque, and the rate of relaxation and contraction duration (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  The greater capacity to develop lengthening peak torque relative to contractile tissue volume in the elderly women appeared to be associated with age‐related adjustments in the temporal twitch characteristics rather than neural activation.
Chest wall kinematics, respiratory muscle action and dyspnoea during arm vs. leg exercise in humans
Authors: Romagnoli I. , Gorini M. , Gigliotti F. , Bianchi R. , Lanini B. , Grazzini M. , Stendardi L. , Scano G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAim:  We hypothesize that different patterns of chest wall (CW) kinematics and respiratory muscle coordination contribute to sensation of dyspnoea during unsupported arm exercise (UAE) and leg exercise (LE).Methods:  In six volunteer healthy subjects, we evaluated the volumes of chest wall (Vcw) and its compartments, the pulmonary apposed rib cage (Vrc,p), the diaphragm‐abdomen apposed rib cage (Vrc,a) and the abdomen (Vab), by optoelectronic plethysmography. Oesophageal, gastric and trans‐diaphragmatic pressures were simultaneously measured. Chest wall relaxation line allowed the measure of peak rib cage inspiratory muscle, expiratory muscle and abdominal muscle pressures. The loop Vrc,p/Vrc,a allowed the calculation of rib cage distortion. Dyspnoea was assessed by a modified Borg scale.Results:  There were some differences and similarities between UAE and LE. Unlike LE with UAE: (i) Vcw and Vrc,p at end inspiration did not increase, whereas a decrease in Vrc,p contributed to decreasing CW end expiratory volume; (ii) pressure production of inspiratory rib cage muscles did not significantly increase from quiet breathing. Not unlike LE, the diaphragm limited its inspiratory contribution to ventilation with UAE with no consistent difference in rib cage distortion between UAE and LE. Finally, changes in abdominal muscle pressure, and inspiratory rib cage muscle pressure predicted 62% and 41.4% of the variability in Borg score with UAE and LE, respectively (P < 0.01).Conclusion:  Leg exercise and UAE are associated with different patterns of CW kinematics, respiratory muscle coordination, and production of dyspnoea.
Risk perception among older South Asian people in the UK with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Macaden Leah , Clarke Charlotte L. 
Published: August 2006

Aim.  To report on a study which developed a knowledge of the experiences of South Asian people with diabetes in the UK in relation to socio‐cultural and dietary practices, religion and ageing influences on the perception and understanding of risks.Background.  South Asian people have enhanced vulnerability to poor health as a result of diabetes. Risk perception and management is culturally mediated, yet imperative to the behaviour adjustments required for diabetes management.Method.  A grounded theory study with data collected by focus group with ethnic health development workers and individual interviews with 20 older people with diabetes. Where necessary, interpreters were involved in data collection.Findings.  A number of issues influence the perception of risk among South Asian older people with diabetes: beliefs about its cause, perceived severity and its visibility, food and its social function, religion and beliefs about external control over their life span and diabetes management. People weighed up the risks in making decisions about issues such as dietary management and the emphasis placed on diabetes as a pathology.Conclusion.  Good risk communication will maintain the current trend of improving patient's choice and self‐management in health care, and there is a need for this to be sensitive to the particular issues faced by South Asians with diabetes in the UK.
Restraint removal: tension between protective custody and human rights
Authors: Koch Susan , Nay Rhonda , Wilson Jacinda 
Published: August 2006

Aims and objectives.  To describe the culture of an aged care facility relating to restraint use and provide insight into the process of changing to minimal restraint care.Background.  In 1999, the accreditation process for residential aged care facilities (This term has been used in Australia since around 1997 and replaces the terms ‘nursing homes’ and ‘hostels’) in Australia was extended to include a review of restraint use, with the view to minimization. As using restraint had traditionally been viewed as acceptable, it was expected that there would be tensions involved for staff making the transition to providing minimal restraint care.Design.  The research was situated within the qualitative paradigm and guided by symbolic interactionism, grounded theory, and case study.Methods.  Data were collected through observation of instances of restraint, individual interviews with staff, and document analysis.Results.  The transition to minimal restraint care was associated with tensions for staff. Whilst efforts had been made to make the facility restraint‐free, bedrails were still in evidence, and were not necessarily viewed by staff as constituting restraint.Conclusions.  Nurses may experience a tension between human rights and duty of care when adopting restraint‐minimization practices.Relevance to clinical practice.  Tensions may be alleviated by adopting a universal definition of restraint, acquiring physical resources and new skills in care delivery and modifying staff, resident and family attitudes towards the delivery of care.
Sources of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the colonization of an alpine krummholz environment by the weedy subalpine plant Chamerion angustifolium (fireweed)
Authors: Dona Amy J. , Galen Candace 
Published: August 2006

Plant–plant interactions may increase or reduce the impact of abiotic stress on species' distributions, depending on the balance between competition and facilitation. We report on the role of a willow ( Salix ) shrub canopy in mediating the importance of drought stress for performance at seedling and adult life stages of the herbaceous wildflower, Chamerion angustifolium L. (fireweed). Willows form the vegetative boundary (krummholz) between subalpine and alpine life zones in the Rocky Mountains. Chamerion angustifolium is a weedy pioneer species common in subalpine vegetation and advancing upward into the krummholz in the central Rocky Mountains. A mosaic of soil moisture variation dictated spatial patterns of seed germination and seedling survival in C. angustifolium in the absence of willows. However, willows restricted the capacity of C. angustifolium to exploit natural patches of soil moisture during establishment. Seed germination, seedling survival, and net establishment success increased markedly with soil water supply in the open, but not under the willow canopy. For mature plants, willows restricted photosynthesis at the peak of the growing season when rainfall was frequent, but ameliorated the daily decline in leaf water status under drought late in the season. Results suggest that the impact of willows on desiccation stress in alpine populations of fireweed varies with life history stage and phenology.
Ovarian Volume: Determinants and Associations with Cancer among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Sherman Mark E. , Lacey James V. , Buys Saundra S. , Reding Douglas J. , Berg Christine D. , Williams Craig , Hartge Patricia 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Clinical studies have reported associations between ovarian stromal hyperplasia and the diagnosis of hormonally related tumors such as endometrial cancer. To assess the hypothesis that characteristics of benign ovaries among postmenopausal women are related to risk for breast, endometrial, and colon cancer, we analyzed systematically collected transvaginal ultrasound data for participants enrolled in the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Among women without cancer, median ovarian volume declined with age from 1.25 cm3 for women between ages 55 and 59 years to 1.0 cm3 for those between ages 65 and 69 years. African American and Caucasian women had larger median ovarian volumes than Asians. Larger ovarian volume was also associated with the highest quartiles of height and weight and ever having smoked. After adjusting for race, age, parity, body mass, smoking, and hormone use, women with median ovarian volumes ≥3.0 cm3 were at increased risk for breast cancer [odds ratio (OR), 1.42; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.11-1.70], endometrial cancer (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.12-3.48), and colon cancer (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.25-3.21). Significant trends of risk with increasing volume were found only for breast and endometrial cancers. We conclude that large ovaries among postmenopausal women may represent a marker of risk for hormonally related tumors. Confirmation of these findings in future studies, including analyses of serum hormone levels and tissues, may provide insights into hormonal carcinogenesis among older women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(8):1550–4)
Social work as a profession
Authors: Knežević Mladen , Ovsenik Rok , Jerman Janja 
Published: August 2006

English The authors were interested in finding out whether student social workers perceive social work differently in the Republic of Slovenia and the Republic of Croatia. According to the results of this research, there are significant differences between student social workers; however, they can be found in a relatively small number of factors that describe social work as a profession. French Les auteurs cherchaient à savoir si les étudiants en travail social des républiques de Slovénie et de Croatie perçoivent le travail social différemment les uns des autres. Ces deux républiques se sont développées ensemble, en un pays, l'ex-Yougoslavie, pendant une longue période. Ces deux républiques constituaient la partie la plus développée de l'ex-Yougoslavie, mais ils ont connu des destins fort différents lors de la rupture du pays. Les résultats de la présente étude indiquent des différences significatives entre les étudiants en travail social des deux républiques. Toutefois, on retrouve ces différences dans un nombre relativement restreint de facteurs qui décrivent le travail social en tant que profession. Spanish Se pregunta si los estudiantes de trabajo social de la República de Eslovaquia y de la República de Croacia perciben el trabajo social diferentemente. Los dos países se desarrollaron como un solo país, la antigua Yugoslavia, durante un largo tiempo. Ambos países eran los más desarrollados de Yugoslavia, pero su destino fue muy distinto después de la disolución de este país. Se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes de ambos países, pero circunscritas a un pequeño número de factores que describen el trabajo social como una profesión.
Advocating for the forgotten human right
Authors: Hodge David R. 
Published: August 2006

English Human rights are a central social work concern. Little attention, however, has been paid to the right to religious freedom called by some the forgotten human right delineated in Article 18 of the Declaration. Given increasing religious persecution around the world, this represents a significant oversight. Accordingly, this article suggests strategies for promoting religious freedom and ameliorating religious oppression. French Les droits de la personne sont une préoccupation clé du travail social. Toutefois, on a porté peu d'attention au droit de la liberté de religion que certains qualifient de droit de l'homme oublié évoqué à l'article 18 de la Déclaration. Si l'on tient compte du phénomène croissant de la persécution religieuse à l'échelle de la planète, l'oubli est significatif. Pour pallier ce manque, cette recherche propose des stratégies visant la promotion de la liberté religieuse et la réduction des oppressions dans ce domaine. Spanish Una preocupación central del trabajo social son los derechos humanos. Se ha prestado poca atención, sin embargo, al derecho de libertad religiosa llamada por algunos 'el derecho humano olvidado' - delineado en Artículo 18 de la Declaración. Dado el aumento mundial de persecución religiosa, esto representa un descuido significativo. En este ensayo sugiere estrategias para promover la libertad religiosa y disminuir la opresión.
Cross-cultural application of self-in-relation theory
Authors: Liu Chu-Li Julie , Regehr Cheryl 
Published: August 2006

English The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the manner in which ‘selfinrelation’ theory applies to Asian (Taiwanese) women. The findings indicate that participants' perceptions of self and others vary based on distinctive social categories. Implications for culturally appropriate social work practice, in particular the working alliance, are addressed. French L'objectif de cette étude qualitative est d'analyser la façon dont la théorie du 'sentiment de soi en interrelation' s'applique aux femmes asiatiques de Taïwan. Les résultats indiquent que la perception des participantes à l'égard de soi ou des autres varie en fonction de diverses catégories sociales. D'après ce constat, l'auteur analyse comment adapter la pratique du travail social du'point de vue culturel et il se penche tout particulièrement sur l'alliance thérapeutique. Spanish Este estudio cualitativo examina de qué forma la teoría 'el-sí-mismo-en-relación' ('self-in-relation') es aplicable a mujeres asiáticas de Taiwán. Los resultados indican que las percepciones de las participantes acerca de sí mismas y otros varían según categorías sociales distintivas. Se examinan las implicaciones para el trabajo social, en particular para el establecimiento de la alianza trabajador-usuario.