bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simvastatin induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and in tumor xenografts, and attenuates colitis‐associated colon cancer in mice
Authors: Cho Soo‐Jeong , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Jung Mogg , Lee Jong Yeul , Jung Hyun Chae , Song In Sung 
Published: June 2008

AbstractStatins, HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors could be associated with the risk reduction of colorectal cancer. We previously demonstrated that simvastatin inhibits NF‐κB signaling in human intestinal epithelial cells and ameliorates acute murine colitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of simvastatin on the apoptotic pathways related to NF‐κB signaling in colon cancer cells, and on anticancer effects in 2 different animal models. We treated cell lines (COLO 205 and HCT 116) with simvastatin or vehicle and determined apoptosis by cell cycle analysis, Annexin V‐FITC staining, caspase‐3 activity assay and confocal microscopy. We assessed the expression of antiapoptotic factors by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. In the colitis‐associated colon cancer (CAC) model, we induced colonic tumors in C57/BL6 mice by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium administration, and evaluated simvastatin's effect on tumor growth. In the xenograft model, we evaluated its effect on the inoculated tumor growth. In both cell lines, simvastatin caused dose‐ and time‐dependent cell death. Annexin V staining significantly increased after simvastatin treatment. It augmented caspase‐3 activity and downregulated the expression of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL, cIAP1 and cFLIP. In the CAC model, simvastatin significantly reduced tumor development. In the xenograft model, tumors from animals treated with simvastatin had smaller volumes, larger necrotic areas, lower expression of VEGF and higher apoptotic scores. In conclusion, simvastatin inhibited colon cancer development by induction of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis. These results suggest that simvastatin could be a potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agent of CAC as well as de novo colon cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Legume and isoflavone intake and prostate cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study
Authors: Park Song‐Yi , Murphy Suzanne P. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Henderson Brian E. , Kolonel Laurence N. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFindings from studies of legume, soy and isoflavone intake and prostate cancer risk are as yet inconclusive, although soy has received considerable attention due to its high phytoestrogen content. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship of these dietary exposures to prostate cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study in Hawaii and Los Angeles. The analyses included 82,483 men who completed a detailed quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1993–1996. A total of 4,404 prostate cancer cases including 1,278 nonlocalized or high‐grade cases were recorded during the average follow‐up period of 8 years. Multivariate relative risks (RR) and 95% of confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time metric. Among men with the highest intake of legumes, the risk reduction was 11% for total prostate cancer (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99, p for trend = 0.007) and 26% for nonlocalized or high‐grade cancer (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61–0.90, p for trend = 0.007) compared to men with the lowest intake. Similar risk reductions were observed for soy products and for legumes excluding soy products in separate analyses. We found no significant risk reduction associated with intake of total or specific isoflavones for either total prostate cancer or for nonlocalized or high‐grade cancer. The findings of our study suggest that legume intake is associated with a moderate reduction in prostate cancer risk and that the isoflavones in soy products are probably not responsible for this effect. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An alternative approach to estimate the wage returns to private‐sector training
Authors: Leuven Edwin , Oosterbeek Hessel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper follows an alternative approach to identify the wage effects of private‐sector training. The idea is to narrow down the comparison group by only taking into consideration the workers who wanted to participate in training but did not do so because of some random event. This makes the comparison group increasingly similar to the group of participants in terms of observed individual characteristics and the characteristics of (planned) training events. At the same time, the point estimate of the average return to training consistently drops from a large and significant return to a point estimate close to zero. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an orthotopically implanted calcium phosphate cement containing gelatin microparticles
Authors: Link Dennis P. , van den Dolder Juliette , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Habraken Wouter , Soede Annemieke , Boerman Otto C. , Mikos Antonios G. , Jansen John A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study focused on the degradation properties of gelatin microparticles incorporated in calcium phosphate (CaP) cement and the subsequent effect of these composites on bone formation. Positively charged alkaline gelatin (type A) microparticles or negatively charged acidic gelatin (type B) microparticles were incorporated in CaP cement, which was implanted in critical‐sized cranial defect in rats and left in place for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The degradation of the gelatin was monitored using radioiodinated microparticles. After 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, a significantly faster degradation of type A gelatin over type B gelatin was found. Light microscopic analysis of the specimens showed similar bone response concerning implants containing either type A or B gelatin microparticles. At 2 weeks of implantation, a minimal amount of bone formation was observed from the cranial bone toward the implant, while after 8 weeks of implantation an entire layer of newly formed bone was present from the cranial bone toward the implant periphery. Bone ingrowth into the implant was observed at sites of gelatin microparticle degradation, predominantly at the implant periphery. Histomorphometrical evaluation did not reveal significant differences in bone formation between CaP cement incorporated with either type A or B gelatin microparticles during implantation periods up to 8 weeks. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that gelatin type influences the degradation of gelatin microparticles incorporated in CaP cements. However, this difference in degradation and the concomitant subsequent macroporosity did not induce differences in the biological response. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effects of mobility/immobility of surface modification by 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer on the durability of polyethylene for artificial joints
Authors: Kyomoto Masayuki , Moro Toru , Miyaji Fumiaki , Hashimoto Masami , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Takatori Yoshio , Nakamura Kozo , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSurface modification is important for the improvement in medical device materials. 2‐Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers have attracted considerable attention as surface modifiable polymers for several medical devices. In this study, we hypothesize that the structure of the surface modification layers might affect the long‐term stability, hydration kinetics, wear resistance, and so forth, of medical devices such as artificial joints, and the poly(MPC) (PMPC) grafted surface might assure the long‐term performance of such devices. Therefore, we investigate the surface properties of various surface modifications by using dip coatings of MPC‐co‐n‐butyl methacrylate (PMB30) and MPC‐co‐3‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (PMSi90) polymers, or photoinduced radical grafting of PMPC and also the effects of the surface properties on the durability of cross‐linked polyethylene (CLPE) for artificial joints. The PMPC‐grafted CLPE has an extremely low and stable coefficient of dynamic friction and volumetric wear as compared to the untreated CLPE, PMB30‐coated CLPE, and PMSi90‐coated CLPE. It is concluded that the photoinduced radical graft polymerization of MPC is the best method to retain the benefits of the MPC polymer used in artificial joints under variable and multidirectional loads for long periods with strong bonding between the MPC polymer and the CLPE surface, and also to retain the high mobility of the MPC polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Frizzled‐1 is involved in the neuroprotective effect of Wnt3a against Aβ oligomers
Authors: Chacón Marcelo A. , Varela‐Nallar Lorena , Inestrosa Nibaldo C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway protects hippocampal neurons against the toxicity of Alzheimer's amyloid‐β‐peptide (Aβ), however, the role played by the Wnt receptors Frizzleds, has not been studied. We report here that Frizzled‐1 mediates the activation of the canonical Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by Wnt3a in PC12 cells. In addition, the protective effect of Wnt3a against the toxicity of Aβ oligomers was modulated by Frizzled‐1 expression levels in both PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons. Over‐expression of Frizzled‐1 significantly increased cell survival induced by Wnt3a and diminished caspase‐3 activation, while knocking‐down Frizzled‐1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides decreased the Wnt3a protection. Over‐expression of wild‐type β‐catenin, but not a transcriptionally inactive mutated version, prevented the toxicity of Aβ suggesting that the transcription of Wnt target genes may be involved in these events. This was confirmed by co‐transfecting both Frizzled‐1 and the inactive form of β‐catenin, which does not elicited protection levels similar to those showed with endogenous β‐catenin. Our results indicate that Wnt3a protects from Aβ‐oligomers toxicity by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway through the Frizzled‐1 receptor, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this signaling pathway in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 215–227, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lipopolysaccharide plus hypoxia and reoxygenation synergistically reduce electrical coupling between microvascular endothelial cells by dephosphorylating Connexin40
Authors: Bolon Michael L. , Peng Tianqing , Kidder Gerald M. , Tyml Karel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) decreases electrical coupling between microvascular endothelial cells by targeting the gap junction protein connexin40 (Cx40), tyrosine kinase‐, ERK1/2‐, and PKA‐dependently. Since LPS can compromise microvascular blood flow, resulting in micro‐regional H/R, the concurrent LPS + H/R could reduce coupling to a much greater extent than LPS or H/R alone. We examined this possibility in a model of cultured microvascular endothelial cells (mouse skeletal muscle origin) in terms of electrical coupling and the phosphorylation status of Cx40. To assess coupling, we measured the spread of electrical current injected into the cell monolayer and computed the intercellular resistance as an inversed measure of coupling. In wild type cells, but not in Cx40 null cells, concurrent LPS + H/R synergistically increased resistance by ∼270%, well above the level observed for LPS or H/R alone. Cx37 and Cx43 protein expression did not differ between Cx40 null and wild type cells. LPS + H/R increased resistance PKA‐ and PKC‐dependently. By immunoprecipitating Cx40, we found that LPS + H/R reduced serine phosphorylation to a much greater degree than that observed for LPS or H/R alone. Further, PKA‐specific, but not PKC‐specific serine phosphorylation of Cx40 was also significantly reduced following LPS + H/R. This reduction was prevented by tyrosine kinase and MEK1/2 inhibition, by PKA activation, and mimicked in control cells by PKA inhibition. We conclude that LPS + H/R initiates tyrosine kinase‐ and ERK1/2‐sensitive signaling that synergistically reduces inter‐endothelial electrical coupling by dephosphorylating PKA‐specific serine residues of Cx40. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 350–359, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixing time in an agitated multi‐lamp cylindrical photoreactor using electrical resistance tomography
Authors: Zhao Zhen Fang , Mehrvar Mehrab , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is scarce information on the application of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) in UV photoreactors, in which mixing and mass transfer are important. Therefore, the feasibility of an ERT system in an agitated multi‐lamp UV photoreactor was investigated to monitor the mixing process.RESULTS: The locations of the UV tubes had a significant impact on the mixing time, particularly at the lower impeller speeds (45 and 150 rpm). Also, at the higher impeller speeds (250, 350, and 500 rpm) and the same radial position (r), changing the angle θ from 15 to 45°, resulted in only a slight variation of the mixing time. Finally, the maximum mixing time occurred when UV tubes were positioned at r = 13 cm (r/R = 0.68) and θ = 0°, while minimum mixing time occurred at location r = 16 cm (r/R = 0.83) and θ = 45°.CONCLUSION: The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the ERT system to monitor the mixing process in the UV photoreactor. The ERT results also indicated that the locations of the UV tubes had a significant effect on the mixing performance of the photoreactor. Furthermore, the mixing time varied inversely with the rotational speed, and this effect was more pronounced at lower speeds. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study of the volatile composition in wines obtained from traditional vinification and from the Ganimede method
Authors: Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Jarauta Idoia , Salinas M Rosario , Ancín‐Azpilicueta Carmen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study compares the volatile composition between wines obtained from vinification carried out by the traditional method or using a new method of vinification (so‐called Ganimede). For this, Shiraz, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon musts were fermented by both vinification methods.RESULTS: The volatile compounds that were above their threshold of perception in the wines were practically the same, irrespective of the vinification method used. Most of the compounds studied did not present significant differences in their concentrations between the wines obtained from the traditional and the new vinification methods. When there were significant differences, the concentration of alcohols and acids was higher in the wines vinificated by the traditional method rather than in the wines vinificated by the Ganimede method, whereas for esters, the concentration in the wines depended on the grape variety.CONCLUSION: The Ganimede method favoured polyphenol extraction without greatly affecting the studied volatile composition of the wines. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical composition, organic matter digestibility and fatty acid content of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) harvested at five stages of growth
Authors: Peiretti Pier Giorgio , Meineri Giorgia 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBAKGROUND: The quality of forages changes according to the morphological stage and it is important to define the nutritive characteristics and fatty acid (FA) content of the crop during growth. That allows a choice of cutting time in order to optimise the uilisation of the forages and to identify new sources of polyunsatured fatty acids (PUFAs) for ruminants. Our aim was to study changes in the chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility, gross energy, and FA content, of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) samples collected from the stem extension to the mature seed stage.RESULTS: The development of linseed quality during growth is characterised by a progressive increase in the fibrous fractions and a decrease in crude protein, ether extract, ash, and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD). The FA profiles in the plant were characterised by four dominant FAs: palmitic acid (PA, 16:0), stearic acid (SA, 18:0), linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3). PA, SA and LA increased from the visible bud stage to mature seed stage, while ALA decreased, consequently the n‐6/n‐3 polyunsaturated FA ratio of the plant increased during growth.CONCLUSION: The chemical composition and FA profile of linseed is closely connected to the development of the plant. Forage with a good nutritive value and with a content of unsaturated FA that is suitable for herbivorous feeding is still obtained by harvesting green linseed at the brown capsule stage. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Variability in the content of soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides in red‐ripe cherry and high‐pigment tomato cultivars
Authors: Lenucci Marcello Salvatore , Leucci Maria Rosaria , Piro Gabriella , Dalessandro Giuseppe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Soluble sugars and cell wall polysaccharides are well known for contributing to a range of ‘quality’ characteristics of fresh vegetables such as flavour, texture and healthy properties. Red‐ripe berries of 14 cultivars of cherry tomatoes and four cultivars of high‐pigment tomato hybrids, cultivated in the south of Italy, were analysed for their content of these important qualitative parameters.RESULTS: Sakura appeared to be the cultivar with the highest amount of soluble sugars (53 g kg−1 fresh weight (f.w.)), mainly glucose and fructose, and, hence the ‘sweetest’ among cherry tomatoes. High‐pigment tomatoes, especially HLY02 and HLY13, showed a soluble sugar content much lower than cherry tomatoes, as expected for industrial, normal‐size tomatoes. Variations in the fructose/glucose ratio, of between 0.68 and 1.48, were evidenced among the different tomato cultivars. Cell wall polysaccharides isolated from whole fresh red‐ripe berries of each cultivar were analysed chemically. The amount of matrix polysaccharides (0.9–3.4 g kg−1 f.w.) and cellulose (0.16–1.86 g kg−1 f.w.), as well as their glycosidic composition, showed significant differences among the different cultivars. Cellulose to matrix polysaccharide ratio was highly variable and ranged between 0.06–1.44 and 0.17–0.77 in cherry and high‐pigment tomato cultivars, respectively.CONCLUSION: The differences evidenced in the total soluble sugar and cell wall polysaccharide composition, not only among different types of tomatoes but also different cultivars within the same typology, may play a fundamental role in the quality of tomatoes and deserve further investigations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Is gastrectomy mandatory for all residual or recurrent gastric cancer following endoscopic resection? a large‐scale Korean multi‐center study
Authors: Song Kyo Young , Hyung Woo Jin , Kim Hyung Ho , Han Sang Uk , Cho Gyu Seok , Ryu Seung Wan , Lee Hyuk Joon , Kim Min Chan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo clarify optimal treatment guidelines for residual or local recurrence after endoscopic resection (ER).MethodsEighty‐six patients underwent gastrectomy due to incomplete ER and local recurrence after ER. The pathological findings of ER and gastrectomy specimens were analyzed.ResultsThe cause of gastrectomy was categorized into five groups; submucosal (sm) invasion without margin involvement, positive margin, margin not evaluable, high risk of lymph node metastasis and local recurrence after ER. According to the pathological findings of gastrectomy specimens, remnant cancer and lymph node metastases were found in 56 (65.1%) and in 5 patients (5.8%), respectively. At 10 gastrectomy specimens which were sm invasion without margin involvement, the scattered residual cancer cells were found around the ulcer scar in 2 (20%) patients. In 11 of 44 margin involvement specimens, no residual cancer or lymph node metastasis was found. In patients with local recurrence, mean duration from ER to surgery was 14.8 months, and 19% of patients were found to have sm or deeper depth of invasion.ConclusionGastrectomy with lymph node dissection should be performed in patients with sm invasion with or without margin involvement. However, minimal approach other than gastrectomy could further be applied to selected patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:6–10. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular and peritoneal immune response after radical laparoscopy‐assisted and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Jung Il‐Kwon , Kim Min‐Chan , Kim Kyeong‐Hee , Kwak Jong‐Young , Jung Ghap‐Joong , Kim Hyung‐Ho 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess cellular and peritoneal immune responses after radical laparoscopic surgery in gastric cancer.MethodsPeripheral heparinized plasma and plain serum tube samples were collected preoperatively, and at 2 hr, 1 day, and 4 days postoperatively for analysis o; white blood cells, total lymphocytes, T‐helper lymphocytes, T‐suppressor lymphocytes, B‐lymphocytes, natural killer cells, plasma C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid‐A. Twenty‐four hours peritoneal fluid collection was performed on days 1 and 4 for TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐10 analysis.ResultsNo statistical differences were observed between the two groups with respect to immunocompetent cell counts. The serum levels of plasma CRP and SAA gradually increased significantly with time in both groups, but these temporal increases were lower in the LADG group (CRP; P = 0.03, SAA; P = 0.01). Peritoneal TNF‐α levels in the CODG group at 4 days postoperatively were significantly higher than at day 1, but remained almost unchanged in the LADG group, and this difference was significant (P = 0.02).ConclusionBecause of its association with reduced peritoneal immune activity, laparoscopic surgery for advanced gastric cancer may require careful consideration in practice. Additional, larger prospective multicenter trials are required before a consensus can be reached. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:54–59. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrolytic ablation is as effective as radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of artificial liver metastases in a pig model
Authors: Hinz Sebastian , Egberts Jan‐Hendrik , Pauser Ursula , Schafmayer Clemens , Fändrich Fred , Tepel Jürgen 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe best treatment option for liver metastases is complete surgical resection. Unfortunately, at the time of diagnosis, not all patients are candidates for complete resection. Electrolytic therapy (ECT) is a novel non‐thermal method of tissue destruction. We evaluated its safety and effectiveness in comparison with radiofrequency ablation (RFA).MethodsTumor mimics were created by injecting a gel into the pig liver. The volume of the lesions was measured by ultrasound before treatment. The tumor mimics were treated with either RFA or electrolytic ablation. 48 h after treatment the liver was fixed in formalin and subjected to histological examination.ResultsHistological investigation confirmed that all lesions were completely surrounded by necrosis after treatment with either ECT or RFA. Two different types of necrosis were identified. After RFA the cell membranes disappeared but the nuclei were still intact, whereas after ECT these structures were completely disrupted. After ECT the necrosis was often surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. This inflammatory reaction was not apparent after RFA.ConclusionECT produced predictable and reproducible necrosis in pig livers and was as effective as RFA at destroying a defined target lesion. A local inflammatory reaction after ECT may favour the development of a systemic immune response. Our results indicate that ECT is an alternative treatment option for irresectable liver metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:135–138. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.