bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent gender and assessment of infant life quality
Authors: Holm EA , Esmann S , Jemec GBE 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives  The primary objective was to examine the influence of parents’ gender on the assessment of quality of life among infants with atopic dermatitis. The secondary objective was to examine the psychological factors affecting the assessment.Methods  Questionnaires were completed by 28 couples, as a basis for gender comparison. Data were gathered on disease severity, confidence of treatment, Major Depression Index (MDI), Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Infants’ Dermatitis Quality of Life Index (IDQOL).Results  The mothers’ scores were higher than those of fathers for all assessments, although differences were not statistically significant. Significant correlations were found between MDI and severity assessment for mothers only and between MDI and STAI for both genders. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested gender differences in the proposed model, where only depression was appearing statistically significant (P = 0.029).Conclusion  Our data presented suggest that no significant gender‐dependent differences occur in parents’ overall severity assessment of the eczema in their children, but the influence of the different factors studied is not equal in the two sexes. Future instruments aimed at surrogate assessment of disease severity in children by their parents should take this into account and provide explicit testing of possible gender differences.
Electronic Medical Record Reminder Improves Osteoporosis Management After a Fracture: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Feldstein Adrianne , Elmer Patricia J. , Smith David H. , Herson Michael , Orwoll Eric , Chen Chuhe , Aickin Mikel , Swain Martha C. 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis treatment rates after a fracture are low. This study evaluated methods to increase guideline‐recommended osteoporosis care postfracture.DESIGN: Participants were randomly assigned to usual care or one of two interventions. Analysis of primary outcomes used electronic data and linear regression.SETTING: A Pacific Northwest nonprofit health maintenance organization.PARTICIPANTS: Female patients aged 50 to 89 who suffered a fracture in 1999 and had not received bone mineral density (BMD) measurement or medication for osteoporosis (n=311) and their primary care providers (n=159).INTERVENTION: Patient‐specific clinical guideline advice to the primary care provider delivered by electronic medical record (EMR) message or electronic reminder to the provider plus an educational letter mailed to the patient.MEASUREMENTS: BMD measurement and osteoporosis medication.RESULTS: At 6 months, provider reminder resulted in 51.5% of patients receiving BMD measurement or osteoporosis medication, provider reminder plus patient education resulted in 43.1%, and usual care resulted in 5.9% (P<.001). The effect of provider advice combined with patient education was not significantly different from provider advice alone (P=.88). Patients aged 60 to 69 were 18% (95% confidence interval=3–34) more likely to receive BMD measurement or an osteoporosis medication than those aged 80 to 89.CONCLUSION: Patient‐specific postfracture advice to the provider through an EMR message significantly increased BMD measurement and osteoporosis medication. As EMRs become more widespread, this intervention could improve osteoporosis management for many postfracture patients. Future research should identify barriers to and facilitators of care for older, high‐risk patients.
Influence of Aging and Denture Use on Liquid Swallowing in Healthy Dentulous and Edentulous Older People
Authors: Yoshikawa Mineka , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Nagasaki Toshikazu , Tanimoto Keiji , Tsuga Kazuhiro , Akagawa Yasumasa 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the influence of aging and denture use on swallowing in healthy edentulous people aged 75 and older.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional research design was used with participants from Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima University, and Hiroshima City.SETTING: Participants were examined in Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen edentulous elderly volunteers (7 male, 6 female; aged 75–86, mean age 81.2) and 19 dentulous elderly volunteers (12 male, 7 female; aged 80–87, mean age 81.2) as a control group participated in this study. Participants reported no clinical symptoms relating to dysphagia, neurological impairments, or degenerative diseases.MEASUREMENTS: Participants were asked to swallow a 10‐mL barium sulfate solution three times. Edentulous older people were asked to swallow the solution while wearing dentures and with dentures removed. Functional swallowing was recorded on cine‐film with a digital subtraction angiography system. Lateral cinefluorography images were obtained from seated subjects. Using a cine‐projector, visual images were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively.RESULTS: No participants exhibited aspiration. The occurrence of laryngeal penetration in the edentulous older people not wearing dentures was the only significant difference (P<.05).CONCLUSION: Only laryngeal penetration differed significantly between edentulous older people not wearing their dentures and dentulous older people.
Delirium and Its Motoric Subtypes: A Study of 614 Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Peterson Josh F. , Pun Brenda T. , Dittus Robert S. , Thomason Jason W. W. , Jackson James C. , Shintani Ayumi K. , Ely E. Wesley 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: To describe the motoric subtypes of delirium in critically ill patients and compare patients aged 65 and older with a younger cohort.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: The medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a tertiary care academic medical center.PARTICIPANTS: Six hundred fourteen MICU patients admitted during a process improvement initiative to monitor levels of sedation and delirium.MEASUREMENTS: MICU nursing staff assessed delirium and level of consciousness in all MICU patients at least once per 12‐hour shift using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit and the Richmond Agitation‐Sedation Scale. Delirium episodes were categorized as hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed type.RESULTS: Delirium was detected in 112 of 156 (71.8%) subjects aged 65 and older and 263 of 458 (57.4%) subjects younger than 65. Mixed type was most common (54.9%), followed by hypoactive delirium (43.5%) and purely hyperactive delirium (1.6%). Patients aged 65 and older experienced hypoactive delirium at a greater rate than younger patients (41.0% vs 21.6%, P<.001) and never experienced hyperactive delirium. Older age was strongly and independently associated with hypoactive delirium (adjusted odds ratio=3.0, 95% confidence interval=1.7–5.3), compared with no delirium in a model that adjusted for other important determinants of delirium including severity of illness, sedative medication use, and ventilation status.CONCLUSION: Older age is a strong predictor of hypoactive delirium in MICU patients, and this motoric subtype of delirium may be missed in the absence of active monitoring.
In vitro calculus detection with a moved smart ultrasonic device
Authors: Meissner Grit , Oehme Bernd , Strackeljan Jens , Kocher Thomas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStudy objective: The objective of subgingival instrumentation of periodontally diseased root surfaces is to remove the adhering microbial biofilm and calcified deposits. Recently, we have described an automated calculus detection system under static conditions. Clinically however, the tip of the system has to be moved over tooth surfaces. It was thus necessary to study the entire system in motion.Methods: The detection device is based on a conventional dental piezoelectric ultrasonic handpiece with a conventional scaler insert. The impulse response of the mechanical oscillation system is analysed by a fuzzy logic‐based computerized algorithm, which classifies various surfaces. The present study investigates dental surface recognition properties of the new system with the tip being moved over teeth surfaces in vitro. Following a training set of 7977 measurements (3960 calculus, 4017 cement) on 200 extracted teeth, 1363 measurements were conducted on 34 teeth unknown to the system.Results: The surfaces cementum and calculus were correctly classified in 78% within the training set and in 81% within the set unknown, with a κ value of 0.68.Conclusion: It was shown that this method of automatic recognition of tooth surfaces is able to distinguish between different tooth surfaces in vitro independently from tip movements.
Effect of rhPDGF‐BB on bone turnover during periodontal repair
Authors: Sarment David P. , Cooke Jason W. , Miller Sarah E. , Jin Qiming , McGuire Michael K. , Kao Richard T. , McClain Pamela K. , McAllister Bradley S. , Lynch Samuel E. , Giannobile William V. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPurpose: Growth factors such as platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) exert potent effects on wound healing including the regeneration of periodontia. Pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) is a well‐known biomarker of bone turnover, and as such is a potential indicator of osseous metabolic activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the release of the ICTP into the periodontal wound fluid (WF) following periodontal reconstructive surgery using local delivery of highly purified recombinant human PDGF (rhPDGF)‐BB.Methods: Forty‐seven human subjects at five treatment centres possessing chronic severe periodontal disease were monitored longitudinally for 24 weeks following PDGF regenerative surgical treatment. Severe periodontal osseous defects were divided into one of three groups and treated at the time of surgery with either: β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) osteoconductive scaffold alone (active control), β‐TCP+0.3 mg/ml of rhPDGF‐BB, or β‐TCP+1.0 mg/ml of rhPDGF‐BB. WF was harvested and analysed for local ICTP levels by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and an area under the curve analysis (AUC).Results: The 0.3 and 1.0 mg/ml PDGF‐BB treatment groups demonstrated increases in the amount of ICTP released locally for up to 6 weeks. There were statistically significant differences at the week 6 time point between β‐TCP carrier alone group versus 0.3 mg/ml PDGF‐BB group (p<0.05) and between β‐TCP alone versus the 1.0 mg/ml PDGF‐BB‐treated lesions (p<0.03). The AUC analysis revealed no statistical differences amongst groups.Conclusion: This study corroborates the release of ICTP as a measure of active bone turnover following local delivery of PDGF‐BB to periodontal osseous defects. The amount of ICTP released from the WF revealed an early increase for all treatment groups. Data from this study suggests that when PDGF‐BB is delivered to promote periodontal tissue engineering of tooth‐supporting osseous defects, there is a direct effect on ICTP released from the wound.
Gingivitis, dental caries and tooth loss: risk factors for cardiovascular diseases or indicators of elevated health risks
Authors: Ylöstalo P. V. , Järvelin M. R. , Laitinen J. , Knuuttila M. L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: The results of earlier studies connecting dental diseases to cardiovascular diseases are inconsistent. Our aim in this cross‐sectional study was to investigate whether there are associations of dental diseases and diagnosed angina pectoris among the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort.Materials and Methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to all cohort members in 1997–1998. The number of replies totalled 8690. Angina pectoris was determined by asking whether the respondent had been diagnosed with angina pectoris. Gingivitis, dental caries and tooth loss were determined on the basis of self‐reported gingival bleeding, presence of dental caries and six or more missing teeth.Results: We found overall associations of gingivitis (odds ratio (OR) 1.52, confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.22), dental caries (OR 1.50, CI 1.04–2.18) and tooth loss (OR 1.53, CI 0.69–3.42) with the presence of angina pectoris. The associations were modified by gender and socioeconomic status. In addition, gingivitis, dental caries and tooth loss were also associated with several cardiovascular risk factors.Conclusion: There were associations of self‐reported gingivitis, dental caries and tooth loss with angina pectoris. However, the associations between dental diseases and cardiovascular risk factors suggest that the associations may be because of confounding.
Anti‐gingivitis effect of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass (NovaMin®) particulate
Authors: Tai Bao Jun , Bian Zhuan , Jiang Han , Greenspan David C. , Zhong Jipin , Clark Arthur E. , Du Min Quan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground: The objective of this pilot clinical trial was to evaluate the anti‐gingivitis and anti‐plaque effects of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass (NovaMin®) compared with a placebo control dentifrice in a 6 weeks clinical study.Methods: The study design was a randomized, double‐blinded, controlled clinical trial. One hundred volunteers took part in the study and were matched for plaque index (PLI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), age and gender. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of the University. The subjects received a supragingival prophylaxis to remove all plaque, calculus and extrinsic stain. Following the baseline examination, subjects were instructed to brush with their assigned dentifrice and toothbrush. The PLI and GBI were determined for the baseline and 6 weeks. The data were analysed using a repeated‐measures anova conducted on the two dependent measures to compare the effect between the test and control group.Results: Ninety‐five subjects finished the study. The results showed that the PLI (baseline=1.54, 6 weeks=1.29) and GBI (baseline=1.14, 6 weeks=0.47) were significantly reduced, respectively, over the 6 weeks period in the test group (p<0.001 for each measure). There was a 58.8% reduction in gingival bleeding and a 16.4% reduction in plaque growth. There was no difference of the PLI (baseline=1.60, 6 weeks=1.57) and GBI (baseline=1.18, 6‐week=1.02) over the 6 week period in the control group.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a dentifrice containing NovaMin® significantly improves oral health as measured by a reduction in gingival bleeding and reduction in supragingival plaque compared with a negative dentifrice over the 6 weeks study period.
Association between psychosocial factors and periodontitis: a case–control study
Authors: Castro G. D. C. , Oppermann R. V. , HAAS A. N. , Winter R. , Alchieri J. C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective: This case‐control study investigated the association between life events, anxiety, and depression with periodontitis.Methodology: The study counted with 165 individuals, both sexes, 35–60 years of age. Case group included 96 individuals suffering from periodontal disease; and in control group 69 subjects with no history of periodontitis. Clinical examinations were performed by a single examiner. Psychological assessment included four inventories: Life Events Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compare cases and controls.Results: Mean probing depth and clinical attachment level were 3.44±0.80 and 4.01±1.61 in the case group and 1.96±0.19 and 0.95±0.50 in the control group, respectively (p<0.05). Positive association of periodontitis with age (odds ratio (OR)=1.15 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.24), male gender (OR=2.71, CI: 1.13–6.49), smoking (OR=6.05, CI: 1.67–21.94) and educational level (OR=6.49, CI: 1.14–36.95) was confirmed. Bivariate analysis did not demonstrate significant mean differences in life events, anxiety symptoms, trait or state of anxiety, or depression symptoms between cases and controls. Multivariate logistic regression, controlling for confounding factors, demonstrated no significant association between psychosocial factors and periodontal disease.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study it is possible to conclude that there was no significant association between periodontitis and the psychosocial factors analysed.
CROSS‐MODAL ADDITIVITY OF TASTE AND SMELL
Authors: DELWICHE JEANNINE F. , HEFFELFINGER AMANDA L. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Subjects were simultaneously given subthreshold levels of taste and odor stimuli, delivered orally, for both a commonly paired and an uncommonly paired taste–odor combination. Results indicate cross‐modal summation of subthreshold concentrations of both taste–odor pairs when the olfactory stimulus is delivered orally. Results of control studies suggest that the summation was indeed across modalities, and not due to the taste of the odor compound or the smell of the taste compounds. Furthermore, results indicate that regardless of taste–odor pair commonness, taste and smell can combine in a completely additive fashion (i.e., at threshold detectability when both stimuli are presented simultaneously at 50% threshold level) if the taste–odor pair is presented orally. In several instances, but not all, measured probabilities exceeded those predicted by probability summation, indicating that hyperadditive mixing often occurs, but there do seem to be individual differences. Cross‐modal summation, regardless of taste–odor pair commonness, has broader implications for the development of foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals, especially in masking undesirable tastes and smells.
Interferon γ accelerates NF-κB activation of biliary epithelial cells induced by Toll-like receptor and ligand interaction
Authors: Harada K , Isse K , Nakanuma Y 
Published: January 2006

Background:The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family recognises pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response. Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) lining the intrahepatic bile ducts are potentially exposed to bacterial components in bile, and murine BECs possess TLRs that recognise PAMPs, resulting in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation.Aims:To examine the presence of TLRs in human BECs and the influence of cytokines and PAMPs on TLR expression and NF-κB activation.Methods:The expression of TLR2–5, MD-2, MyD88, and IRAK1 was examined in human liver tissue and cultured BECs by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The influence of PAMPs (peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide) in cultured cells preincubated with interferon γ (IFNγ) was evaluated by NF-κB activation.Results:TLR2–5, MyD88, and IRAK-1 proteins were detectable in BECs of the intrahepatic biliary tree in human liver tissue. TLR2–5, MD-2, MyD88, and IRAK-1 mRNA was demonstrated in human cultured BECs. The expression of these TLRs was upregulated by IFNγ, and TLR2 was upregulated by tumour necrosis factor α. Interleukins 4 and 6 failed to induce TLR upregulation. Interestingly, preincubation with IFNγ synergistically increased the upregulation of NF-κB induced by PAMPs in cultured BECs.Conclusion:These results suggest that the TLR family is present in human biliary cells and participates in the innate immunity of the intrahepatic biliary tree. Disordered regulation of TLRs after intracellular signalling by cytokines and PAMPs may be involved in immune mediated biliary diseases.
Prognostic value of stage IV neuroblastoma metastatic immunophenotype in the bone marrow: preliminary report: Table 1
Authors: Nowicki M , Ostalska-Nowicka D , Miskowiak B 
Published: January 2006

Aim:To correlate the immunophenotype of metastatic cells in the bone marrow of patients with neuroblastoma with early treatment failure.Methods:The studies were performed on bone marrow material obtained from children treated in the department of paediatric oncology, haematology, and transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland from 1996 to 2003. Immunocytochemical analysis of nervous tissue markers (using the immunomax technique) was performed on 108 bone marrow preparations obtained from 36 children diagnosed with neuroblastoma (stage IV with bone marrow metastases). The analysis included expression of PGP 9.5 protein, substance P, chromogranin A, bombesin, galanin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide in neuroblastoma metastatic cells defined by the expression of neurone specific enolase.Results:Nineteen relapses occurred within 12 months of the end of treatment. Correlation between the various markers studied and early treatment failure, using Fisher’s exact test, revealed that chromogranin A and NPY are strong indicators of an unfavourable prognosis in patients with stage IV neuroblastoma (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0002, respectively).Conclusion:Determination of metastatic cell immunophenotypes in bone marrow (particularly chromogranin A and NPY) may help establish the short term prognosis in children with neuroblastoma.
Platelet volume indices in patients with coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction: an Indian scenario
Authors: Khandekar M M , Khurana A S , Deshmukh S D , Kakrani A L , Katdare A D , Inamdar A K 
Published: January 2006

Aims:To study platelet volume indices (PVI) in the spectrum of ischaemic heart diseases.Methods:A total of 210 cases were studied; 94 patients had unstable angina (UA) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosed on the basis of history, characteristic electrocardiographic changes, and increased cardiac enzyme activities. Seventy patients had stable coronary artery disease (stable CAD) or were admitted for a coronary angiography or coronary artery bypass graft procedure. The third group comprised 30 age and sex matched healthy controls with no history of heart disease and a normal electrocardiogram.Results:All PVI—mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR)—were significantly raised in patients with AMI and UA (mean MPV, 10.43 (SD, 1.03) fL; mean PDW, 13.19 (SD, 2.34) fL; mean P-LCR, 29.4% (SD, 7.38%)) compared with those with stable CAD (mean MPV, 9.37 (SD, 0.99) fL; mean PDW, 11.35 (SD, 1.95) fL; mean P-LCR, 22.55% (SD, 6.65%)) and the control group (mean MPV, 9.2 (SD, 0.91) fL; mean PDW, 10.75 (SD, l.42) fL; mean P-LCR, 20.65% (SD, 6.14%)).Conclusions:Larger platelets are haemostatically more active and are a risk factor for developing coronary thrombosis, leading to myocardial infarction. Patients with larger platelets can easily be identified during routine haematological analysis and could possibly benefit from preventive treatment. Thus, PVI are an important, simple, effortless, and cost effective tool that should be used and explored extensively, especially in countries such as India, for predicting the possibility of impending acute events.