bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nitric oxide improves oxygenation in piglets with meconium aspiration
Authors: Barrington Keith J. , Finer Neil N. , Peliowski Abraham , Etches Philip C. , Graham Andrew J. , Chan Winston K. Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in a model of meconium aspiration in newborn piglets would decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. Seven neonatal piglets were obtained at less than 48 hr of age and instrumented under fentanyl anesthesia. Inhaled NO (40 parts per million) was administered during normoxia and again after hypoxia was induced by reducing FiO, to 0.13. During normoxia NO inhalation caused a fall in pulmonary artery pressure from a mean of 3.15 (SD 0.8) kPa to 2.84 (SD 0.7) kPa (P < 0.01). Hypoxia (mean arterial 0, saturation 35%) increased PA pressures to a mean of 5.4 (SD 1.6) kPa and NO administration during hypoxia decreased PA pressures to 3.6 (SD 1.2) kPa (P < 0.001). In order to determine the effects of NO in a model of meconium aspiration, 6 to 7 mUkg of 20% human meconium in normal saline was instilled into the trachea. This procedure induced hypoxemia (mean SaO, 43.4%, SD 19), respiratory acidosis, (mean PaCO, 12.1 kPa, SD 0.5; mean pH 7.04, SD 0.03), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure 6.0 kPa, SD 1.3) despite ventilation with 90% oxygen. Inhaled NO was then administered in concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80 parts per million in random order according to a Latin square design. After meconium instillation, NO inhalation led to significant increases in mean arterial saturation of between 18 and 24 percentage points at all doses, and to statistically significant decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure (from 6.0 kPa, SD 1.3 to 5.1 kPa, SD 1.5, P < 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (from 0.033 kPa/mL/min/kg, SD 0.003 to 0.029 kPa/mL/min/kg, SD 0.003, P < 0.01). Systemic blood pressure, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index did not change. The ratio between pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances fell, therefore, from a mean of 0.54 (SD 0.18) to 0.46 (SD 0.14). The effects of NO inhalation after meconium aspiration were qualitatively different to the effects during aveolar hypoxia, in that there was a lesser fall in the PAP and PVR1 and a significant increase in SaO2. These results suggest that inhaled NO may be beneficial in meconium aspiration syndrome in human neo‐nates, improving oxygenation by decreasing extrapulmonary shunting and by improving ventilationiperfusion ratios. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:27–33. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of combined treatment with rhDNase and airflow oscillations on spinnability of cystic fibrosis sputum in vitro
Authors: Dasgupta Bonnie , Tomkiewicz Robert P. , Boyd William A. , Brown Neil E. , King Malcolm 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTreatment with either rhDNase or high‐frequency oscillation has been shown to be effective in improving the physical and transport properties of airway secretions in cystic fibrosis (CF). The objects of this in vitro study was to examine whether combined treatment with oscillation and rhDNase results in greater change of CF sputum spinnability than either treatment by itself. Aliquots of sputum (0.4 g) from eight CF patients were subjected to the following protocols for 15 minutes and then followed for a total of 30 minutes: (1)incubation with 0.04 ml DNase 50 μg rhDNasenormal saline (10% dilution) at 37°C to achieve 5 μg DNase/g of sputum final concentration; (2)airflow oscillation at 27 Hz similar to the airflow magnitude produced by a commercial high‐frequency chest compression (HFCC) device; (3)negative control with no treatment; (4)positive (dilution) control, incubating with 10% saline by volume; (5)combination of DNase and oscillation, and (6)combination of saline and oscillation. For each protocol, sputum spinnability (in mm, mean ± SD) was measured by means of a filancemeter at baseline, 15, and 30 minutes. Treatment with DNase decreased spinnability significantly more than either saline or oscillation at 15 and 30 minutes (P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). Incubation with saline or oscillation of CF sputum for 15 and 30 minutes decreased spinnability significantly compared with control. The combination of DNase and oscillation decreased spinnability significantly more than treatment with DNase alone (3.74 ± 0.45 vs. 6.54 ± 0.73 at 15 minutes, P < 0.01). The combination of saline and oscillation over 15 minutes decreased spinnability similarly to the application of DNase alone over the same period of time (7.84 ± 1.91 ± 6.54 ± 0.73, respectively). These in vitro results demonstrate an optimal effect on sputum spinnability when DNase and oscillation are used concomitantly. This suggests that combining biochemical (rhDNase) and physical (HFCC) treatments in CF patients may provide greater benefits than treatment with one modality at a time. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:78–82. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A critical assessment of uncalibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography (Respitrace®) for the measurement of tidal breathing parameters in newborns and infants
Authors: Jackson E. , Stocks J. , Pilgrim L. , Dundas I. , Dezateux C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have compared results obtained with an uncalibrated respiratory inductance plethysmograph (RIP) with those of a face mask and pneumotachograph (PNT) for the computerized measurement of the time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow as a ratio of total expiratory time (tpTEF:tE). Simultaneous measurements were made in 32 healthy neonates aged 0–3 weeks, 35 healthy infants aged 5–82 weeks, and 28 infants aged 15–94 weeks with physician diagnosed recurrent wheeze. The group mean (±SD) values of tpTEF:tE determined using a PNT were 0.455 (±0.129), 0.263 (±0.077), and 0.232 (±0.089) for the neonates, healthy infants and infants with recurrent wheeze respectively. RIP gave mean (±SD) values that were 0.055 (±0.044) and 0.025 (±0.104) lower than the PNT in healthy neonates and infants with recurrent wheeze respectively; RIP values were 0.002 (±0.073) higher in the healthy infants over 4 weeks of age than measurements by PNT. Although the difference between the two measurements was not related to the thoracoabdominal phase angle, as measured from Lissajous figures, examination of the RIP ribcage and abdominal signals revealed that many healthy subjects, while appearing clinically in phase, had ribcage and abdominal signals that differed markedly from each other in terms of convexity/concavity during early expiration. This may explain the lack of agreement between the two methods. We conclude that uncalibrated RIP should be used with caution for the determination of tpTEF:tE, even in subjects whose ribcage and abdomen appear to move synchronously. The measurement of tpTEF:tE did not differentiate between the healthy infants and infants with recurrent wheezing. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:119–124. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between an index of tidal flow and lower respiratory illness in the first year of life
Authors: Adler Alan , Tager Ira B. , Brown Randall W. , Ngo Long , Hanrahan John P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ratio of time to tidal peak flow (Tme) to total tidal expiratory time (Te) has been reported to be decreased in infants who later develop wheezing lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) in the first year of life. The relationship between Tme/ Te to the subsequent occurrence of LRI was studied in 98 infants in whom the first measurement of pulmonary function (PFT) was made before the age of 6 months and before the occurrence of any LRI. Occurrence of LRI was evaluated by standardized questionnaires at well‐baby visits, through biweekly telephone calls to mothers, and review of all visits to physicians. Tme/ Te was derived from 10 tidal breathing loops during stable respiration. Partial expiratory flow‐volume curves were obtained with the rapid compression technique, and passive respiratory mechanics were evaluated by the single breath occlusion technique. Analysis of Tme/ Te was stratified by age (⩽ 10 weeks, > 10 weeks to 6 months) to take into account the age‐related decline in Tme/ Te. Among 80 infants first tested at ⩽10 weeks, Tme/ Te was 12.4% shorter in those who developed a LRI vs. those who did not (P = 0.46); for 18 infants tested after 10 weeks, the difference was 1.9% (P = 0.39). Among male infants, the decrease in Tme/ Te was observed only for those studied at 40 weeks (16%, P = 0.16). For females, decreases were observed for those tested at 10 weeks (11%, P = 0.83) and those tested after 10 weeks (17.5%, P = 0.09). Poisson regression analysis which included data for multiple measurements of Tme/ Te, over the first year of life and adjusted for age‐at‐test and maternal smoking during pregnancy also demonstrated a greater decrease in Tme/ Te in female infants who subsequently develop an LRI (P = 0.08). Level of Tme/ Te was not consistently related to level of respiratory system resistance (RRS) or flow at functional residual capacity (V̇FRc). Level of V̇FRC has been shown previously to be related to the occurrence of LRI and in this study to RRS(P = 0.007). The results indicate (1) a shortened Tme/ Te is only weakly associated with the development of LRI in the first year of life; (2) this ratio is a less precise and an epidemiologically less useful measure than is VFRC to investigate groups of infants with and without LRI and without clinically significant underlying lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:137–144. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of surfactant therapy in infants managed with CPAP
Authors: Alba Jorge , Agarwal Ravi , Hegyi Thomas , Hiatt I. Mark 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurfactant rescue therapy can be utilized effectively early in the course of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in infants weighing > 1,000 g and treated exclusively with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Thirteen infants (BW, 1,774 ± 580 g; GA, 31 ± 3 weeks) comprising the CPAP/SURFACTANT group were compared with 12 infants (BW, 1,753 ± 556 g; GA, 31 ± 2 weeks) who comprised the intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV)/ surfactant group, and with 14 infants (BW, 1,776 ± 332 g; GA, 32 ± 2 weeks) treated with CPAP before surfactant was clinically available.A 5 mL/kg dose of Exosurf Neonatal (Burroughs‐Wellcome) was administered to infants intratracheally when the FiO2 requirement reached 0.40 to maintain the PO2 above 50 torr. Infants in the CPAP/surfactant group were intubated solely for surfactant administration and extubated within 18 ± 6 min of treatment. The CPAP/surfactant group was treated at a mean age of 12.3 ± 9.3 h, and the IMV/surfactant group at 10.2 ± 9.8 h. Alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient (AaDO2), oxygenation index (OI), and mean airway pressure (MAP) were determined immediately before and after surfactant therapy, and at comparable times for the CPAP‐ only group.A significant difference was found in pre‐treatment AaDO2, OI, and MAP between the CPAP/ surfactant group and IMV/surfactant group, but not between the CPAP/surfactant group and the CPAP‐only group. Similarly, a significant difference in AaDO2, OI, and MAP continued post‐treatment was noted. However, a significant difference was also found at this time between the CPAP/surfactant group and the CPAP‐ only group. In addition, a significant difference was noted in AaDO2 and OI pre‐ and post‐treatment within each surfactant‐treated group. Furthermore, in the CPAP‐only group AaDO2 and OI actually worsened (212 ± 70 vs. 239 ± 68; 4.0 ± 1 vs. 4.5 ± 2, respectively). There was a significant reduction in the duration of oxygen therapy (3 ± 2 vs. 5 ± 2 vs. 4.5 ± 2 days, respectively) as well as in the total days of hospitalization (30 ± 10 vs. 42 ± 15 vs. 43 ± 12 days, respectively).We conclude that in this small group of infants surfactant administration was effective and safe. It appeared to improve the course of RDS and shorten the duration of oxygen exposure and days of hospitalization. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:172–176. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time trends in acute childhood asthma in Basque country, Spain
Authors: Benito J. , Bayon J. Lopez , Montiano J. , Sanchez J. , Mintegui S. , Vazquez C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo investigate recent changes in the epidemiology of acute asthma in children in a hospital setting, data from the Basque region of Bizkaia, Spain were reviewed for the period between 1987 and 1992. Over this period there was a 18% drop in hospital emergency visits for asthma in children aged 2‐14 years from 1,697/100,000 to 1,382/100,000. It was associated with a decline in the number of annual episodes per patient and in the number of patients needing further hospital treatment for the same episode. Paradoxically, hospital admission rates rose by 35.9% from 298/100,000 to 405/100,000. A trend toward decreasing length of hospital stay, a fall in the number of intensive care unit admissions, and an absence of in‐hospital deaths were observed. Comparing data from September 1987 with those of September 1992, a trend has been noticed toward greater intensity of emergency room treatment with increases in the number of doses of nebulized ß‐‐agonists administered and in courses of oral prednisolone given. In September 1992 more patients were on maintenance “anti‐inflammatory” inhaled therapy than in 1987. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:184–188. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Home testing for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Jacob S. V. , Morielli A. , Mograss M. A. , Ducharme F. M. , Schloss M. D. , Brouillette R. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the accuracy and practicality of home testing for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Twenty‐one children aged 2‐12 years and referred for possible OSAS were studied twice, once at home and once in the sleep laboratory. The home test consisted of two parts: (1) a cardiorespiratory recording of saturation (SaO2), pulse rate, pulse waveform, electrocardiogram, and respiratory inductive plethysmography; and (2) an 8‐hour videotape recording of the sleeping child. In the laboratory, standard nocturnal polysomnography including electroencephalography was performed. Experiences with another 62 children who underwent home testing alone were also reviewed and are reported. At home, saturation, respiratory, and video data were obtained 96.4 ± 13.3% (mean ± SD) 99.4 ± 1.6%, and 90.0 ± 7.8% of the time, respectively. The sleep efficiency was greater at home than in the laboratory, 91.1 ± 3.9% vs. 86.1 ± 7.2%, with a mean difference of 5.0% (P < 0.01). The median environmentally induced movement/arousal index was lower in the home than in the laboratory, 0.0 (inter‐quartile range, 0.0‐0.3) vs. 2.4/hr (inter‐quartile range 1.2–4.2), with a median difference of 2.4/hr (P < 0.001). Study duration, apne/dhypopnea index, desaturation index, respiratory and spontaneous movement/arousal indices, and oxygen saturation during sleep were similar for home and laboratory studies. Although neither sleep state nor PCO2, (transcutaneous or end‐tidal) was measured in the home, this information would have modified patient management in, at most, one case. In the second group of 62 children, exclusively studied at home, all studies were successfully recorded despite a wide range of sleep efficiencies, apne/dhypopnea indices, and desaturation indices. We conclude that home testing, using a simplified cardiorespiratory montage plus video recording, is accurate and of practical use in the routine evaluation of OSAS in patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:241–252. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The significance of sweat Cl/Na ratio in patients with borderline sweat test
Authors: Augarten Arie , Hacham Shoshana , Kerem Eitan , Kerem Bat Sheva , Szeinberg Amir , Laufer Joseph , Doolman Ram , Altshuler Ruth , Blau Hana , Bentur Lea , Gazit Ephraim , Katznelson Daniel , Yahav Yaacov 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecently a few cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with borderline or normal sweat tests have been reported. These patients present a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to study the sweat CINa ratio in cystic fibrosis patients and to assess whether this ratio could be used as a diagnostic criteria. The mean sweat CINa ratio of 3 groups was compared: Group A: 71 CF patients carrying 2 mutations known to be associated with severe disease presentation (ΔF508, W1282X, G542X, N1303K, 1717‐1G → A). Group B: 10 compound heterozygous patients who carry one mutation associated with mild clinical disease (3849 + 10 kb C → T). Group C: 142 normal subjects. Sweat chloride levels higher than those of sodium were found in 96% of patients in Group A as compared to 3% of patients in Group C. In Group B 40% of the patients had sweat chloride levels higher than or equal to sodium levels. The mean Cl/Na ratio of Group A (1.2 ± 0.1) differed significantly from that of Group B (0.94 ± 0.1) and both groups had significant higher mean CINa ratio compared to Group C (0.7 ± 0.4) (P < 0.001). Thus in individuals with a borderline sweat test and a Cl/Na ratio < 1 the diagnosis of CF should be considered. However, a Cl/Na ratio < 1 does not exclude CF, since patients carrying mild mutations may have sweat sodium levels higher than those of chloride. Our findings suggest that the sweat CINa ratio in CF is genetically determined and it may be of help in establishing the diagnosis of CF in patients with a borderline sweat test. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:369–371. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the interrupter technique for measuring change in airway resistance in 5‐year‐old asthmatic children
Authors: Phagoo S. B. , Wilson N. M. , Silverman M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe interrupter technique is a noninvasive method for measuring airway resistance during quiet breathing which requires minimal subject cooperation. It, therefore, has enormous potential for use in young children unable to cooperate with conventional lung function tests. We evaluated the interrupter technique during bronchial challenge with methacholine administered by the tidal breathing method in 10 5‐year‐old asthmatic children. The mouth pressure/time [Pmo(t)] curve obtained following brief airflow interruption during the expiratory phase of quiet breathing was analyzed to determine the interrupter resistance R,int using four different methods: RintC, a smooth curve fit with back‐extrapolation; RintEO, calculated from the pressure change after the postinterruption oscillations had decayed (end‐oscillation); RintL two‐point linear fit with back‐extrapolation; and RintEL, calculated from the pressure change at the end of the period of interruption. The four Rint methods were compared for repeatability and sensitivity with the direct measurement of resistance by the forced oscillation technique (Rrs) and with an independent method of measuring the response to challenge, utilizing the change in transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2). The sensitivity of the methods was defined by a sensitivity index (SI), the change after challenge expressed in multiples of the baseline standard deviation. The PtCo2 method had the lowest variability and was by far the most sensitive method (geometric mean SI 18.9), at least 1 doubling concentration more sensitive than the other techniques in every subject (P < 0.05). RintL was more sensitive than the other interrupter methods (geometric mean SI: RintL 4.2; RintC 1.O; RintEO 2.7; RintEL 3.1; P < 0.05) and similar in sensitivity to Rrs (geometric mean SI 4.6) in 7 out of 10 children in which this could be measured. We conclude that the interrupter method provides a simpler method than the oscillation technique for assessing airway obstruction in this age group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1995; 20:387–395. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of dietary saw palmetto on the prostate of transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model (TRAMP)
Authors: Wadsworth Teri L. , Worstell Teresa R. , Greenberg Norman M. , Roselli Charles E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral of the proposed mechanisms for the actions of the liposterolic extract of saw palmetto (SPE) are exerted on known risk factors for prostate cancer (CaP). This study investigated whether SPE could prevent the progression of CaP in a transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.METHODSTwo different doses of SPE designed to deliver 50 mg/kg/day SPE and 300 mg/kg/day SPE were administered in a custom diet to TRAMP mice for 12 or 24 weeks. Body and organ weights were used to evaluate toxicity, and radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and tissue androgen levels to monitor effects of SPE on 5α reductase activity. Prostate tissues were evaluated histologically to determine the effect of treatment on tumor grade, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.RESULTSTreatment with 300 mg/kg/day SPE from 4 to 24 weeks of age significantly reduced the concentration of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate and resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and significant decrease in pathological tumor grade and frank tumor incidence.CONCLUSIONSDietary supplementation with SPE may be effective in controlling CaP tumorigenesis. SPE suppression of prostatic DHT levels lends support to the hypothesis that inhibition of the enzyme 5α‐reductase is a mechanism of action of this substance. Prostate 67: 661–673, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HSP27 and HSP70 interact with CD10 in C4‐2 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Dall'Era Marc A. , Oudes Asa , Martin Daniel B. , Liu Alvin Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDCD10 is a ∼100 kDa transmembrane metallo‐endopeptidase. CD10 is strongly expressed by normal prostate epithelium. While only 30% of primary prostate tumors express CD10, it is strongly expressed by most lymph node metastases. The function of CD10 and the interaction between CD10 and other cellular proteins in prostate cancer (CaP) is not well defined. Cellular context may ultimately determine its biologic function in CaP. In this study, we compared CD10 mRNA and protein expression between benign and malignant prostate cells and employed proteomic analysis to identify proteins that interact with CD10 in C4‐2 prostate cancer cells.METHODSCD10 mRNA and protein expression was compared using RT‐PCR and Western blotting. CD10‐protein complexes were isolated by immunoprecipitation using anti‐CD10 monoclonal antibodies. Eluted fractions were combined, trypsinized, and the resulting peptides analyzed by µLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The parent proteins were identified by searching MS/MS spectra against a human protein database using SEQUEST.RESULTSThere were no differences in CD10 mRNA length or CD10 protein molecular weight between normal tissue and CaP. We identified 75 proteins unique to or heavily enriched in the CD10 immunoprecipitates by proteomic analysis. The 27 kDa heat shock protein (HSP27) and HSP70 were identified in three separate precipitations. Protein identification by proteomics was confirmed by Western blotting. Protein complexes immunopurified from C4‐2 protein extracts using anti‐HSP27 and anti‐HSP70 antibodies were found to contain CD10.CONCLUSIONSThe function of CD10 in prostate cancer is largely unknown. In the C4‐2 CaP cell line, CD10 was found to interact with both HSP27 and HSP70. Prostate 67: 714–721, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.