bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof‐of‐concept trial in physically injured patients
Authors: Stein Murray B. , Kerridge Carol , Dimsdale Joel E. , Hoyt David B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAcute physical injury is frequently associated with mental health sequelae, which then accentuate disability and worsen functional outcomes. A pharmacological prevention approach to this problem has been proposed. This proof‐of‐concept study was a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial of 14 days of the beta‐blocker propranolol (n = 17), the anxiolytic anticonvulsant gabapentin (n = 14), or placebo (n = 17), administered within 48 hours of injury to patients admitted to a surgical trauma center. Of 569 accessible, potentially eligible subjects, 48 (8%) participated. Outcomes assessments were conducted at 1, 4, and 8 months postinjury. Although well tolerated, neither study drug showed a significant benefit over placebo on depressive or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Implications are discussed for future pharmacological prevention studies in survivors of acute traumatic injury.
The role of panic attacks in acute stress disorder in children
Authors: Sinclair Emma , Salmon Karen , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examined the role of peritraumatic panic symptoms during trauma in childhood acute stress. Children (N = 60) who had suffered traumatic injury were administered the Child Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, the Child Depression Inventory, and the Physical Reactions Scale to index panic attacks that occurred during the trauma. Panic attacks were experienced during their trauma by 100% of participants with acute stress reactions and 24% of participants without stress reactions. Panic attacks during trauma accounted for 28% of the variance of acute stress reactions, with an additional variance accounted for by age, time since the accident, and dysphoria. These findings are discussed in terms of fear conditioning models of posttraumatic stress.
Trauma coping strategies and psychological distress: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Littleton Heather , Horsley Samantha , John Siji , Nelson David V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe identification of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies following traumatic events has been the subject of much scientific inquiry. The current study sought through meta‐analysis to evaluate the relationship between the use of approach and avoidance strategies (both problem‐focused and emotion/cognitive focused) following trauma and psychological distress. Thirty‐nine studies of coping following two types of traumatic events (interpersonal violence and severe injury) were retained in the meta‐analysis. There was a consistent association between avoidance coping and distress, overall r = .37, but no association between approach coping and distress, overall r = −.03, but some important moderators existed. Implications of the results for future research regarding coping and trauma recovery are discussed.
Efficient propagation of single cells accutase‐dissociated human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Bajpai Ruchi , Lesperance Jacqueline , Kim Min , Terskikh Alexey V. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for cell‐based therapies and drug screening applications. However, growing and processing large quantities of undifferentiated hESCs is a challenging task. Conventionally, hESCs are passaged as clusters, which can limit their growth efficiency and use in downstream applications. This study demonstrates that hESCs can be passaged as single cells using Accutase, a formulated mixture of digestive enzymes. In contrast to trypsin treatment, Accutase treatment does not significantly affect the viability and proliferation rate of hESC dissociation into single cells. Accutase‐dissociated single cells can be separated by FACS and proliferate as fully pluripotent hESCs. An Oct4–eGFP reporter construct engineered into hESCs was used to monitor the pluripotency of hESCs passaged with Accutase. Compared to collagenase‐passaged hESCs, Accutase‐treated cultures contained a larger proportion of undifferentiated (Oct4‐positive) cells. Additionally, Accutase‐passaged undifferentiated hESCs could be grown as monolayers without the need for monitoring and/or selection for quality hESC colonies. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 818–827, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potassium channels involved in human sperm volume regulation—quantitative studies at the protein and mRNA levels
Authors: Yeung C.H. , Cooper T.G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractKCNE1, KCNA5 and KCNK5 have been identified, by using specific blockers, as K+‐channels involved in sperm volume regulation under physiological conditions. All three channels were localised on the cytoplasmic droplets and tail of human ejaculated spermatozoa by fluorescence microscopy. Using flow cytometric quantification, KCNE1 was found to be present in 80% or more spermatozoa and KCNK5 in only about 20%, with KCNA5 expressed by 20–90% of cells. Whereas the extents of such protein expression did not differ statistically between semen donors and subfertile patients, the former group exhibited higher capacities for sperm volume regulation which were correlated with other sperm qualities including normal morphology and motile sperm number in the ejaculate. Channel identification was further confirmed at the protein level using Western blotting. RT‐PCR analysis of testicular and sperm RNA of proven quality indicated the presence of Kcne1, Kcna5 and Kcnk5 transcripts. Subsequent sequencing of PCR products demonstrated that the nucleotide sequences of the entire encoding regions of Kcne1 and Kcnk5 were identical to those published in the database, whereas that of Kcna5 mRNA showed a single nucleotide synonymous deviation that agrees with the published genomic sequence. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis of sperm RNA revealed the amounts of Kcne1 > Kcna5 > Kcnk5, in the same order as for protein expression. Thus, KCNE1 is probably the major K+‐channel involved in regulatory volume decrease in human spermatozoa, and channel activity is regulated beyond the extent of protein expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 659–668, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BRAF provides proliferation and survival signals in MSI colorectal carcinoma cells displaying BRAFV600E but not KRAS mutations
Authors: Preto A , Figueiredo J , Velho S , Ribeiro AS , Soares P , Oliveira C , Seruca R 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBRAF kinase is a downstream target of KRAS and activates the MAPK pathway. These two molecules are prone to mutations in sporadic microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal carcinomas (CRC) and BRAFV600E mutations are inversely associated with oncogenic KRAS mutations. The biological significance of BRAFV600E oncogenic activation is not well established in this type of tumour. We aimed to study proliferation and survival effects induced by BRAF inhibition in MSI CRC cell lines harbouring distinct genetic backgrounds (BRAFV600E or KRASG13D). Suppression of BRAF in BRAFV600E MSI CRC cell lines by RNA interference significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by BrdU incorporation and TUNEL assay, respectively. No significant differences were seen in proliferation and apoptosis, in cell lines harbouring KRASG13D, after BRAF inhibition. We further analysed proliferation‐associated molecules (pERK1/2, cyclin D1, p27Kip1) and apoptosis‐associated molecules (Bcl‐2, Bax, pAkt, pBad, XIAP) in all cell lines. After BRAF down‐regulation, we found a more pronounced decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression levels in BRAF‐mutated cell lines in comparison to KRAS mutated cells. Upon BRAF inhibition, we also found an increase in p27Kip1 levels and a more pronounced decrease in the levels of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, specifically in cell lines with BRAFV600E. In conclusion, we have shown that MSI KRAS and BRAF mutant CRC cell lines respond differently to BRAF knockdown. This report provides evidence supporting BRAF as a good target for therapeutic intervention in patients with sporadic MSI CRC harbouring activating mutations in BRAF but not in KRAS. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐step preparation of solution processable conducting polyaniline by inverted emulsion polymerization using didecyl ester of 4‐sulfophthalic acid as multifunctional dopant
Authors: John Amalraj , Palaniappan Srinivasan , Djurado David , Pron Adam 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new one‐step method of preparation of solution processable conductive polyaniline (PANI) is reported using didecyl ester of 4‐sulfophthalic acid (DESPA) as multifunctional material. It consists of inversed emulsion polymerization of aniline in water/chloroform mixture with benzoyl peroxide initiator, maleic acid (MA) as a codopant and DESPA as protonating agent, surfactant, and plasticizer. The resulting product combines reasonable conductivity (ca.0.03 S/cm) with solubility in common solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and chloroform. Elemental analysis together with spectroscopic studies show that the protonation level of emulsion polymerized PANI (0.47 per mer involving one ring and one nitrogen) is very close to that predicted for PANI in the oxidation state of emeraldine (0.5). MA is incorporated into the polymer matrix as a co‐dopant in the ratio 1:4 with respect to the DESPA dopant. PANI‐DESPA‐MA three components system shows a highly ordered, layer‐type supramolecular structure, in which planes of regularly π‐stacked PANI chains are separated by a double layer of dopants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1051–1057, 2008
Modelling issues for tall reinforced concrete core wall buildings
Authors: Wallace John W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractReinforced concrete walls are commonly used as the primary lateral force‐resisting system for tall buildings. As the tools for conducting nonlinear response history analysis have improved and with the advent of performance‐based seismic design, reinforced concrete walls and core walls are often employed as the only lateral force‐resisting system. Proper modelling of the load versus deformation behaviour of reinforced concrete walls and link beams is essential to accurately predict important response quantities. Given this critical need, an overview of modelling approaches appropriate to capture the lateral load responses of both slender and stout reinforced concrete walls, as well as link beams, is presented. Modelling of both flexural and shear responses is addressed, as well as the potential impact of coupled flexure–shear behaviour. Model results are compared with experimental results to assess the ability of common modelling approaches to accurately predict both global and local experimental responses. Based on the findings, specific recommendations are made for general modelling issues, limiting material strains for combined bending and axial load, and shear backbone relations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal Structures of Alkali Metal Peroxodiphosphates
Authors: Oeckler Oliver , Montbrun Lydia 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPeroxodiphosphates of alkali metals can be prepared from K4P2O8, which is synthesized by electrolysis, in metathesis reactions with the corresponding perchlorates. Single crystals have been obtained by diffusion of methanol into aqueous solutions of the peroxodiphosphates. The crystal structures of Li4P2O8·4H2O (P21/n;a= 8.057(2) Å,b= 5.074(1) Å,c= 12.288(3) Å, β = 100.53(2)°;V= 493.9(2) Å3;Z= 2), Na4P2O8·18H2O (at 130 K:P61;a= 9.0984(14) Å,c= 49.926(13) Å;V= 3579.2(12) Å3;Z= 6) and K4P2O8(P21/c;a= 5.9041(15) Å,b= 10.254(2) Å,c= 7.356(2) Å, β = 99.05(3)°;V= 439.79(18) Å3;Z= 2) have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. In the Li salt the cations are tetrahedrally coordinated by one water molecule and three oxygen atoms of the anions, whereas the Na salt is characterized by binuclear [Na2(H2O)9]2+complexes. At low temperatures, the latter undergoes a phase transition from a structure with disordered anions to a completely ordered phase. K4P2O8is solvent‐free and exhibits irregular cation coordination. The structure of the peroxodiphosphate anion is very similar in all compounds; the mean O–O distance is 1.49(1) Å. In addition, the structure determination of K4(HPO4)2·3H2O2(P21/n;a= 6.076(1) Å,b= 6.579(1) Å,c= 17.215(2) Å, β = 99.73(1)°;V= 678.26(17) Å3;Z= 2), which can be mistaken for K4P2O8, is presented.
Syntheses and X‐ray Structure Analyses of the First Bis(chelated) Copper and Iron Bisguanidine Complexes
Authors: Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Haase Roxana , Akin Enver , Flörke Ulrich , Henkel Gerald 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of N1,N2‐bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine and the synthesis and structure determination of bis{N1,N2‐bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine}copper(II)‐tetraiododicuprate(I) ([Cu(DMEG2e)2][Cu2I4]) and bis{N1,N2‐bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine}iron(II)‐octacarbonyl‐diferrate(‐I) ([Fe(DMEG2e)2][Fe2(CO)8]) which represent the first bis(chelated) bisguanidine complexes are described. The dicationic [M(DMEG2e)2]2+ molecules with M = Cu, Fe follow the same structural principles and thus differ in their coordination geometries from ideal‐typical expectations.
Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Mono‐ and Tetranuclear Nickel(II) Complexes Derived from a Tridentate Schiff Base Ligand
Authors: Zhao Zhen‐Guo , Wu Xiao‐Yuan , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Chen Li‐Juan , Zhang Quan‐Zheng , Li Wei , Xie Yi‐Ming , Lu Can‐Zhong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThree new nickel(II) complexes constructed with N‐(2‐hydroxybenzyl)‐β‐alanine (H2L), namely [NiL(phen)H2O]·H2O (1) (phen = 1.10‐phenanthroline), [Ni4L4(H2O)4]·5H2O (2) and K[Ni4L4(NCS)(H2O)5]·5.42H2O (3) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 exhibits a discrete structure, and the structures are bound together through hydrogen bonding to a one‐dimensional chain in ladder‐like fashion. Complexes 2 and 3 contain similar [Ni4(μ2‐O)6] cores with “zig‐zig” arrangement. In complex 3, the tetranuclear nickel units [Ni4L4(H2O)4] and [Ni4L4(NCS)(H2O)] are alternately bridged by potassium atoms to a one‐dimensional chain. The neighboring chains are further linked up by {K2O2} units to a two‐dimensional layer structure. Moreover, the IR, XRD, TGA and the temperature‐dependent magnetic susceptibility for 2 and 3 have also been studied.
Influence of a chronic myositis on rat spinal field potentials evoked by TTX‐resistant unmyelinated skin and muscle afferents
Authors: Lambertz D. , Hoheisel U. , Mense S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA recent study of our group has shown that in the segments L4 and L5 of the rat, the synaptic field potentials (SFPs) evoked by tetrodotoxin‐resistant (TTX‐r, presumably nociceptive) muscle afferents differ in size and peak location from those of cutaneous afferents from the same body region [Lambertz D, Hoheisel U, Mense S. Distribution of synaptic field potentials induced by TTX‐resistant skin and muscle afferents in rat segment L4 and L5. Neurosci Lett 2006;409:14–8]. Here, we investigated the influence of a muscle inflammation on the distribution of SFPs of TTX‐r afferent fibres from muscle and skin in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. During a TTX block of the dorsal roots L3–L6, a skin nerve (sural, SU) or a muscle nerve (gastrocnemius‐soleus, GS) were electrically stimulated at an intensity supramaximal for unmyelinated afferents and the SFPs recorded with tungsten microelectrodes. In control (non‐inflamed) rats, the largest SFPs evoked by TTX‐r GS afferents were recorded in laminae IV–VI with a maximum in segment L4, whereas the largest SU‐induced SFPs were more superficially located with a maximum in L3. In chronic myositis animals, SFPs induced by GS TTX‐r fibres exhibited significant decreases in lamina IV–VI of Th 12 and L5 as well as in lamina VII of L5. In contrast, SFPs evoked by SU TTX‐r afferents showed significant increases in lamina IV–VI in L1 and in lamina VII in L4. The results demonstrate that a chronic myositis has a strong influence also on the synaptic effects of nociceptive afferents from the skin, which may explain the subjective cutaneous sensations during a pathological alteration of muscle.
Vitamin D status in Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and Norway
Authors: Meyer Haakon E. , Holvik Kristin , Lofthus Cathrine M. , Tennakoon Sampath U. B. 
Published: December 2007

Vitamin D deficiency is common in non-Western immigrant groups living in Western countries. A comparison of vitamin D status in individuals who have emigrated and individuals who remain in their country of origin is needed in order to provide information about the effect of moving to northern latitudes. A total of 196 participants aged 30–60 years in a cross-sectional population-based study in Kandy, Sri Lanka (latitude 7° north) and 242 Sri Lankans aged 31–60 years participating in a cross-sectional population-based study in Oslo, Norway (latitude 60° north) were included in the analysis. All serum samples were analysed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) in the same laboratory. Sri Lankans living in Norway had substantially lower s-25(OH)D (mean 31·5 nmol/l) compared with those living in Sri Lanka (mean 54·2 nmol/l), and the prevalence of s-25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l was 9·3 times higher (95 % CI 4·4, 19·6) in Norway compared with Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka there was a clear seasonal variation with the lowest s-25(OH)D levels in August–September and the highest levels in November–December. We conclude that vitamin D status among Sri Lankans living in Kandy, Sri Lanka was considerably higher than that among Sri Lankans living in Oslo, Norway. The low vitamin D status commonly observed in non-Western immigrant groups living at northern latitudes should not be regarded as normal levels for these groups. However, also in Sri Lanka we found a profound seasonal variation with the lowest levels in August and September after the Monsoon.
Relationship between energy from added sugars and frequency of added sugars intake in Irish children, teenagers and adults
Authors: Joyce Triona , McCarthy Sinead N. , Gibney Michael J. 
Published: December 2007

A WHO report on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases recommended that frequency of consumption of foods and/or drinks containing free sugars should be limited to a maximum of four times per d. In addition, they recommended a reduction in the intake of free sugars to a maximum of no more than 10 % of energy intake. These recommendations were developed with the aim of reducing the prevalence of dental caries. The aim of the present study was to establish if there is a quantitative relationship between energy from added sugars and frequency of added sugars intakes in Irish children, teenagers and adults. In addition, the intake of added and total sugars and main contributors to added sugar intakes were examined. Data for the present analysis were based on the North/South Ireland Food Consumption Survey (n1379; aged 18–64 years), the National Children's Food Survey (n594; aged 5–12 years) and the National Teen Food Survey (n441; aged 13–17 years) which used 7 d food diaries to collect food and beverage intake data in representative samples of Irish adults, children and teenagers respectively. Results showed that in adults, frequency of intake of added sugar intake of four times per d corresponded to a mean added sugar intake of 9 %, which was similar to the WHO recommendation. In children and teenagers, a frequency of intake of four times per d corresponded to a mean added sugar intake of 14·6 and 12·4 % respectively and was therefore not in agreement with the WHO recommendation.
Early maternal feeding following caesarean delivery: a prospective randomised study
Authors: BAR GUY , SHEINER EYAL , LEZEROVIZT ADI , LAZER TAL , HALLAK MORDECHAI 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the effect of early maternal feeding on maternal satisfaction and gastrointestinal complications on patients following simple and complicated caesarean delivery (CD). Methods. A prospective, randomised study was designed including 179 women undergoing first or repeated CD. Women who were assigned to the early feeding group received clear fluids and solid food within 8 h of surgery, in accordance with their request. The traditionally fed women received clear fluids 8–12 h after the surgery subsequent to physician examination confirming bowel sounds. Results. Some 82 women were assigned to the traditionally fed group and 97 women were assigned to the early fed group. Maternal satisfaction was significantly higher among the early fed women. No significant differences were noted between the groups regarding post‐operative complications. Conclusions. Early maternal feeding following CD is associated with higher maternal satisfaction. However, it is not associated with higher rates of post‐operative complications.
Estimating the length of transmembrane helices using Z‐coordinate predictions
Authors: Papaloukas Costas , Granseth Erik , Viklund Håkan , Elofsson Arne 
Published: December 2007

AbstractZpred2 is an improved version of ZPRED, a predictor for the Z‐coordinates of α‐helical membrane proteins, that is, the distance of the residues from the center of the membrane. Using principal component analysis and a set of neural networks, Zpred2 analyzes data extracted from the amino acid sequence, the predicted topology, and evolutionary profiles. Zpred2 achieves an average accuracy error of 2.18 Å (2.17 Å when an independent test set is used), an improvement by 15% compared to the previous version. We show that this accuracy is sufficient to enable the predictions of helix lengths with a correlation coefficient of 0.41. As a comparison, two state‐of‐the‐art HMM‐based topology prediction methods manage to predict the helix lengths with a correlation coefficient of less than 0.1. In addition, we applied Zpred2 to two other problems, the re‐entrant region identification and model validation. Re‐entrants were able to be detected with a certain consistency, but not better than with previous approaches, while incorrect models as well as mispredicted helices of transmembrane proteins could be distinguished based on the Z‐coordinate predictions.