bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of periconceptional folic acid use and perceived barriers to the postgestation continuance of supplemental folic acid: Survey results from a Teratogen Information Service
Authors: Goldberg Beck B. , Alvarado Sonia , Chavez Carmen , Chen Brian H. , Dick Lyn M. , Felix Robert J. , Kao Kelly K. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDFewer than 40% of U.S. women are taking folic acid supplements periconceptionally at a time when the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) can be reduced by supplementation. A better understanding of the vitamin‐taking habits of childbearing‐age women and effective methods for improving periconceptional supplement use are needed.METHODSA telephone survey conducted through the California Teratogen Information Service (TIS) between August 2003 and January 2004 assessed the prevalence and characteristics of pregnant callers who did not use folic acid supplements in the periconceptional period, and explored attitudes toward advice to continue vitamin use following pregnancy in order to be protected in a future pregnancy.RESULTSA total of 327 pregnant women who called the TIS for information agreed to participate in the survey. More than half (53.2%) were not taking folic acid–containing supplements in the periconceptional period. Predictors of lack of use included a higher prepregnancy body mass index, younger maternal age, non‐white race/ethnicity, lower education level, and unplanned pregnancy. One‐quarter of the women said they would be willing to continue taking vitamins after the pregnancy if advised to do so by a physician. The remainder identified obstacles to following that advice—notably, not planning to become pregnant again and the belief that enough folate is derived from diet alone.CONCLUSIONSMore than half of the callers to the TIS were not compliant with recommendations regarding periconceptional folic acid supplementation. This represents an opportunity for TIS specialists and physicians to intervene in a current pregnancy to encourage maintenance of supplement use in the subsequent interpregnancy interval. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pre‐sowing magnetic treatments of tomato seeds increase the growth and yield of plants
Authors: De Souza A. , Garcí D. , Sueiro L. , Gilart F. , Porras E. , Licea L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of pre‐sowing magnetic treatments on growth and yield of tomato (cv Campbell‐28) were investigated under field conditions. Tomato seeds were exposed to full‐wave rectified sinusoidal non‐uniform magnetic fields (MFs) induced by an electromagnet at 100 mT (rms) for 10 min and at 170 mT (rms) for 3 min. Non‐treated seeds were considered as controls. Plants were grown in experimental plots (30.2 m2) and were cultivated according to standard agricultural practices. During the vegetative and generative growth stages, samples were collected at regular intervals for growth rate analyses, and the resistance of plants to geminivirus and early blight was evaluated. At physiological maturity, the plants were harvested from each plot and the yield and yield parameters were determined. In the vegetative stage, the treatments led to a significant increase in leaf area, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf area (SLA) per plant. Also, the leaf, stem, and root relative growth rates of plants derived from magnetically treated seeds were greater than those shown by the control plants. In the generative stage, leaf area per plant and relative growth rates of fruits from plants from magnetically exposed seeds were greater than those of the control plant fruits. At fruit maturity stage, all magnetic treatments increased significantly (P < .05) the mean fruit weight, the fruit yield per plant, the fruit yield per area, and the equatorial diameter of fruits in comparison with the controls. At the end of the experiment, total dry matter was significantly higher for plants from magnetically treated seeds than that of the controls. A significant delay in the appearance of first symptoms of geminivirus and early blight and a reduced infection rate of early blight were observed in the plants from exposed seeds to MFs. Pre‐sowing magnetic treatments would enhance the growth and yield of tomato crop. Bioelectromagnetics 27:247–257, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise magnetic fields abolish the gap junction intercellular communication suppression induced by 50 hz magnetic fields
Authors: Zeng Qunli , Ke Xueqin , Gao Xiangwei , Fu Yiti , Lu Deqiang , Chiang Huai , Xu Zhengping 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPreviously, we have reported that exposure to 50 Hz coherent sinusoidal magnetic fields (MF) for 24 h inhibits gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in mammalian cells at an intensity of 0.4 mT and enhances the inhibition effect of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) at 0.2 mT. In the present study, we further explored the effects of incoherent noise MF on MF‐induced GJIC inhibition. GJIC was determined by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) with a laser‐scanning confocal microscope. The rate of fluorescence recovery (R) at 10 min after photobleaching was adopted as the functional index of GJIC. The R‐value of NIH3T3 cells exposed to 50 Hz sinusoidal MF at 0.4 mT for 24 h was 30.85 ± 14.70%, while the cells in sham exposure group had an R‐value of 46.36 ± 20.68%, demonstrating that the GJIC of NIH3T3 cells was significantly inhibited by MF exposure (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences in the R‐values of the sham exposure, MF‐plus‐noise MF exposure (R: 49.58 ± 19.38%), and noise MF exposure groups (R: 46.74 ± 21.14%) (P > .05), indicating that the superposition of a noise MF alleviated the suppression of GJIC induced by the 50 Hz MF. In addition, although MF at an intensity of 0.2 mT synergistically enhanced TPA‐induced GJIC inhibition (R: 24.90 ± 13.50% vs. 35.82 ± 17.18%, P < .05), further imposition of a noise MF abolished the synergistic effect of coherent MF (R: 32.51 ± 18.37%). Overall, the present data clearly showed that although noise MF itself had no effect on GJIC of NIH3T3 cells, its superposition onto a coherent sinusoidal MF at the same intensity abolished MF‐induced GJIC suppression. This is the first report showing that noise MF neutralizes 50 Hz MF‐induced biological effect by using a signaling component as the test endpoint. Bioelectromagnetics 27:274–279, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low frequency electromagnetic fields and the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction
Authors: Sontag W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLow frequency magnetic fields can influence biochemical reactions and consequently physiological rhythms and oscillations. To test this for a model reaction we used the chemical Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is one of the simplest chemical oscillators. The oscillation frequency of the reaction was tracked optically by the absorption of blue light. Field treatment was carried out at room temperature in the middle of two Helmholtz coils. After starting the reaction, for 5 min the oscillations were monitored as control measurement, then during the next 10 min monitoring was with a magnetic field switched on, followed by a period of 5 min with the field switched off. A variety of exposure conditions have been tested: the frequency was varied between 5 and 1000 Hz, the field strength was varied up to 2.7 mT, different pulse shapes were used, the influence of the exposure temperature was tested, and the influence of the optimum exposure conditions (static magnetic field and the frequency of the dynamic field) as predicted by the ion parametric resonance (IPR) model has been measured. In conclusion, in no case any statistical significant influence of the magnetic treatment on the oscillation frequency of the BZ reaction could be detected (P > .05, t‐test). Bioelectromagnetics 27:314–319, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of intracellular metabolites of primary metabolism and adenine nucleotides in chemostat cultivated Penicillium chrysogenum
Authors: Nasution U. , van Gulik W.M. , Kleijn R.J. , van Winden W.A. , Proell A. , Heijnen J.J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn experimental platform has been developed for rapid sampling and quenching of chemostat cultivated Penicillium chrysogenum broth for metabolome analysis in highly dynamic experiments, aimed at the elucidation of the in vivo kinetic properties of metabolism. The sampling and quenching protocol available from Saccharomyces cerevisiae had to be modified for Penicillium chrysogenum mainly because of its filamentous character. Intracellular metabolites of glycolysis, TCA cycle, and adenine nucleotides were measured with isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) using a U‐13C‐labeled metabolite mix produced from yeast cells as internal standard. By addition of the U‐13C internal standard mix prior to the metabolite extraction procedure, partial degradation of metabolites as well as non‐linearity and drift of the LC‐MS/MS could be successfully compensated for. It was found that there is a serious matrix effect on metabolite extraction between different organisms, which is however completely corrected for by the IDMS approach. Intracellular metabolites could be analyzed with standard deviations of around 5%. A comparison of the metabolite levels between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium chrysogenum showed both significant similarities and large differences, which seem to be related to the presence of the penicillin pathway. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A review of determinant factors of environmental proactivity
Authors: González‐Benito Javier , González‐Benito Óscar 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews the literature in order to identify the determinant factors of a company's environmental proactivity. It starts by arguing that environmental proactivity can be manifested through diverse practices and strategies and goes on to comment upon several variables that seem to influence the decision to implement such strategies. Some of these variables depict internal company features and others describe the general environment in which operations are carried out. Stakeholders' pressure is distinguished as a central determinant factor and it is argued that all the other variables affect either the intensity of this pressure or the company's capacity to perceive it. All the factors identified herein should be taken into account, at least as control variables, in those studies aiming at explaining and contextualizing environmental strategies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Approaches and perspectives in social and environmental accounting: an overview of the conceptual landscape
Authors: Brown Judy , Fraser Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn recent years there has been a marked resurgence of interest in the areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and social and environmental accounting (SEA) among business, governments, public policymakers, investors, unions, environmentalists and others. While at one level there appears to be widespread agreement that CSR and SEA are worthy topics of attention, different groups have very different understandings of these fields. This article provides an analysis of these differences by comparing three broad approaches to SEA: the business case, stakeholder‐accountability and critical theory approaches. It also responds to concerns a number of commentators have expressed regarding the current dominance of ‘business case’ perspectives. While not seeking to impose on readers a ‘correct’ way of viewing SEA and CSR, exposure to competing perspectives is viewed as one way of challenging us to think more reflectively about the frames available to us and their implications for the social realities we construct, embed or seek to change. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Monitoring in Real Time with a Microelectrode the Release of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species by a Single Macrophage Stimulated by its Membrane Mechanical Depolarization
Authors: Amatore Christian , Arbault Stéphane , Bouton Cécile , Coffi Karen , Drapier Jean‐Claude , Ghandour Hala , Tong Yuehong 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMacrophages are key cells of the immune system. During phagocytosis, the macrophage engulfs a foreign bacterium, virus, or particle into a vacuole, the phagosome, wherein oxidants are produced to neutralize and decompose the threatening element. These oxidants derive from in situ production of superoxide and nitric oxide by specific enzymes. However, the chemical nature and sequence of release of these compounds is far from being completely determined. The aim of the present work was to study the fundamental mechanism of oxidant release by macrophages at the level of a single cell, in real time and quantitatively. The tip of a microelectrode was positioned at a micrometric distance from a macrophage in a culture to measure oxidative‐burst release by the cell when it was submitted to physical stimulation. The ensuing release of electroactive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species was detected by amperometry and the exact nature of the compounds was characterized through comparison with in vitro electrochemical oxidation of H2O2, ONOO−, NO., and NO2− solutions. These results enabled the calculation of time variations of emission flux for each species and the reconstruction of the original flux of production of primary species, O2.− and NO., by the macrophage.
Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe in der industriellen Stoffproduktion
Authors: Busch R. , Hirth T. , Liese A. , Nordhoff S. , Puls J. , Pulz O. , Sell D. , Syldatk C. , Ulber R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNachwachsende Rohstoffe werden in der Zukunft auch in der chemischen Industrie immer größere Bedeutung erlangen. Im Kontext der Weißen Biotechnologie stellen sie den Schnittpunkt zwischen der Landwirtschaft und der chemischen Industrie dar. Durch die Verknappung und durch die damit verbundene Verteuerung der fossilen Rohstoffe stellen die nachwachsenden Rohstoffe eine interessante Alternative dar. Betrachtet man die Produktion von Bulk‐Chemikalien, so wird deutlich, dass für diesen Bereich neben den C‐Quellen Zucker und Stärke neue Rohstoffquellen erschlossen werden müssen. Hier bietet sich die Nutzung von Lignocellulose an. Verbunden mit der stofflichen sollte es aber auch eine energetische Nutzung geben. In diesem Beitrag werden diese interessanten Zukunftsfelder diskutiert – insbesondere auch aus der Sicht der Industrie.
Biokonversion mit nachwachsenden Rohstoffen
Authors: Paul N. , Peters D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIm Jahr 2003 schrieb die Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V. (FNR) im Rahmen ihrer Förderaktivitäten zur Weißen Biotechnologie den Förderschwerpunkt „Biokonversion von nachwachsenden Rohstoffen”︁ aus. Von den daraufhin eingereichten Projektvorschlägen wurden von zwölf Konsortien 24 Vorhaben ausgewählt. Abgeschlossen werden die Projekte im Jahr 2007, dann erfolgt auch die Veröffentlichung der Ergebnisse. Zwei Projekte aus dem Förderschwerpunkt – eine fermentative und eine enzymatische Biokonversion – sollen an dieser Stelle exemplarisch ausführlich vorgestellt werden.
Systematic review of systemic adjuvant therapy for patients at high risk for recurrent melanoma
Authors: Verma Shailendra , Quirt Ian , McCready David , Bak Kate , Charette Manya , Iscoe Neill ,   Melanoma Disease Site Group of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence‐Based Care
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe authors examined the role of systemic adjuvant therapy in patients with high‐risk, resected, primary melanoma. Outcomes of interest included overall survival, disease‐free survival, adverse effects, and quality of life. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to locate randomized controlled trials, practice guidelines, meta‐analyses, and reviews published between 1980 and 2004. Thirty‐seven randomized controlled trials, 2 meta‐analyses, and 1 systematic review were identified that investigated interferon, levamisole, vaccine, or chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy. For high‐dose interferon‐α, the results from 3 randomized trials conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group were pooled, and a meta‐analysis of 2‐year death rates yielded a risk ratio of 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.73–0.99; P = .03). Five randomized trials comparing low‐dose interferon‐α with observation only after surgery did not detect a statistically significant improvement in overall survival. A meta‐analysis of 4 levamisole trials did not demonstrate a significant survival benefit for levamisole over control; similarly, no survival benefit was demonstrated by data from randomized controlled trials with vaccines (9 trials) or with chemotherapy (10 trials). In this review of the available literature, no systemic adjuvant therapy was identified that conferred a significant overall survival benefit in patients with high‐risk, resected, primary melanoma. However, high‐dose interferon should be considered in the treatment of these patients, because such therapy is associated with a significant improvement in disease‐free survival and a reduction in 2‐year mortality. Until the results of ongoing trials are available, the authors could not state with confidence whether such therapy benefits patients with microscopically detected, sentinel lymph node‐positive disease. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Nighttime eating: A descriptive study
Authors: de Zwaan Martina , Roerig Deborah B. , Crosby Ross D. , Karaz Samy , Mitchell James E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe definition of night eating syndrome (NES) is inconsistent across various studies and literatures. The goal of the current descriptive study was to collect data on participants who were selected using broad criteria for nighttime eating. Researchers have cogently argued for consideration of wide ranges including “subsyndromal” cases before reifying diagnostic constructs prematurely.MethodOne‐hundred six participants with broadly defined nighttime eating problems were recruited through newspaper advertisements and were interviewed over the phone. The following instruments were administered: the Night Eating Questionnaire, the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory, the Eating Disorder Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV diagnoses and a Sleep Disorder Questionnaire.ResultsThirty‐one (29.2%) participants met the original criteria described by Stunkard et al. (Am J Med 1955;19:78) and only 14 (13.2%) participants met all of the most recent proposed criteria for NES (Birketvedt et al., JAMA 1999;282:657). The overlap between binge eating disorder (BED) and nighttime eating problems was modest in our sample with only 9 particiants meeting current BED criteria. One half of our sample was obese. Regular nocturnal eating was reported by 57.5% of the participants. Dieting was not a frequent precursor or antecedent of nocturnal eating. However, self‐reported current parasomnias were quite frequent in our sample.ConclusionOur descriptive study confirms some of the observations made by other researchers. Nevertheless, nighttime eating is still an evolving concept that requires close collaboration between eating and sleep researchers. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
The UV/Vis Spectrum of Potassium Heptacyanovanadate(III): A Theoretical Multi‐Reference Configuration Interaction Study Combined with Low‐Temperature Experiments
Authors: Schmid Volker , Linder Rolf , Marian Christel M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe electronic spectrum of K4[V(CN)7] has been calculated by means of a combined quantum chemical density functional and multi‐reference configuration interaction scheme. In addition to the states known so far, our calculations predict the existence of two low‐lying triplet electronic states with excitation energies of 13600 and 13700 cm–1, respectively. Both result from d → d excitations in the slightly distorted pentagonal‐bipyramidal ligand field. To validate these theoretical results we measured a UV/Vis spectrum at low temperatures. In the wavelength range between 800 and 500 nm we observed a broad band with vibrational substructure (peak positions: 13661, 14450, 15243, 16051, and 16807 cm–1). The origin transition at 13661 cm–1 is in excellent agreement with our theoretical predictions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Fe3GeTe2 and Ni3GeTe2 – Two New Layered Transition‐Metal Compounds: Crystal Structures, HRTEM Investigations, and Magnetic and Electrical Properties
Authors: Deiseroth Hans‐Jörg , Aleksandrov Krasimir , Reiner Christof , Kienle Lorenz , Kremer Reinhard K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFe3GeTe2 and Ni3GeTe2 are two new air‐stable, black‐metallic solids. They were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and preliminary magnetic measurements. Both compounds crystallize in the hexagonal system [P63/mmc, Z = 2; Fe3GeTe2: a = 399.1(1) pm, c = 1633(3) pm;Ni3GeTe2: a = 391.1(1) pm, c = 1602.0(3) pm], and represent a new structure type with a pronounced macroscopic and microscopic layer character. They show close structural relationships to iron/nickel germanium alloys. Each layer in the title compounds represents a sandwich structure with two layers of tellurium atoms covering a triple‐layer Fe3Ge (Ni3Ge) substructure on both sides. Assuming full occupancies for the Fe and Ni sites, a mixed‐valence formulation for the transition‐metal atoms according to (M2+)(M3+)2(Ge4–)(Te2–)2 (M = Fe, Ni) may be concluded. A slightly reduced occupancy for one Fe/Ni position, however, indicates a more complicated local structural situation. This is confirmed by weak residual electron density in the van der Waals gap and by the results of detailed HRTEM and electron‐diffraction experiments for Ni3GeTe2. The latter results show variations in the arrangement of Ni atoms, as well as vacancies and a misfit of in‐plane disordered hexagonal layers. Fe3GeTe2 shows Curie–Weiss behavior above and ferromagnetism below 230 K, while Ni3GeTe2 exhibits temperature‐independent paramagnetism in the measured temperature range and a metallic behavior of the electrical resistance. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
FISH studies identify the i(20q−) anomaly as a der(20)del(20)(q11q13)idic(20)(p11)
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xue Yongquan , Wu Yafang , Pan Jinlan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses were performed on six of seven patients who had been reported in 2004 to have an i(20q−) anomaly expressed as ider(20)(q10)del(20)(q11q13). The i(20q−) was investigated with a series of probes: a centromere‐specific probe for chromosome 20, two paint probes for 20p and 20q, and a panel of locus‐specific probes prepared from BAC/PAC clones mapped to 20p. The results showed that: (1) i(20q−) was a dicentric chromosome; (2) both of its arms comprised a deleted 20q and a small part of 20p near the centromere of chromosome 20; and (3) the breakpoints and reunion sites of i(20q−) differed, residing in the region 20p11.21–20p11.22 delineated by BAC/PAC clones RP11‐96L6 and RP13‐401N8. Thus, i(20q−) could be more precisely described as a der(20)del(20)(q11q13)idic(20)(p11). © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.