bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible association between screening BV at the prenatal visit and reduced cervical cerclage: Multi‐center questionnaire in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Shimano Satoshi , Kawamura Mituhiro , Sonoda Tomoko , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAims:  To study the screening frequency for cervical cancer, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection, and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women, and to study the association between administration of these three screening tests and performance of cervical cerclage (CC) in Hokkaido during 2004.Methods:  Questionnaires were mailed to 70 clinics providing prenatal care only and to 113 hospitals providing prenatal care and performing deliveries. Responses were obtained anonymously.Results:  A total of 6744 pregnant women received prenatal care at the 36 responding clinics and 24 050 deliveries were performed at the 56 hospitals. The percentage of clinics that screened all pregnant women for cervical cancer, CT infection or BV was 66.7%, 69.4% and 33.3%, respectively, and the corresponding percentages among the hospitals were 87.5%, 87.5% and 57.1%, respectively. Pregnant women found to have CT infection or BV, were all treated. Screening for cervical cancer or CT infection was not associated with the frequency of CC. On the other hand, screening for BV was significantly associated with the frequency of CC (P = 0.0006). The frequency of emergency CC was 0.8% among women who received prenatal care at hospitals that did not perform BV screening, while it was only 0.2 or 0.3% among women who received prenatal care at hospitals that performed BV screening on all pregnant women or on those women who were suspected of having BV, respectively.Conclusion:  Our results suggest that the frequency of emergency CC may be reduced in women who receive BV screening and subsequent treatment of positive cases during pregnancy.
Resistance of kale varieties to attack by Mamestra brassicae
Authors: Cartea María E. , Soengas Pilar , Ordás Amando , Velasco Pablo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract1 The objectives of this work were to study the resistance of six kale (Brassica oleracea acephala group) varieties to cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae (L.) expressed as antibiosis and to determine the effect of plant age on larval survival and development.2 The influence of plant age on resistance was determined using leaves from seedlings and from mature plants. Survival and development of M. brassicae larvae and feeding rates were determined in laboratory bioassays.3 Leaves from seedlings were more suitable than those of mature plants for establishing differences in resistance. There were significant differences between kale varieties in larval survival, growth rate, leaf feeding, and time to pupation but not pupal weight. The varieties MBG‐BRS0031, MBG‐BRS0351, and MBG‐BRS0287 reduced survival of M. brassicae larvae. Larvae that fed on MBG‐BRS0060 were the heaviest and took the longest time to pupation. MBG‐BRS0031 was consumed significantly less by larvae than were all the other varieties examined. Leaves from mature plants of MBG‐BRS0142 and MBG‐BRS0170 were defoliated significantly less than those of other varieties.4 In conclusion, the variety MBG‐BRS0031 may be a promising source of resistance to M. brassicae. Leaf antibiotic resistance was shown to play a role in defense against M. brassicae attack but it is not the only possible mechanism of resistance.
Relationship between milk consumption and prostate cancer: a short review
Authors: Givens D. I. , Morgan R. , Elwood P. C. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryEpidemiological evidence based on both case–control and prospective cohort studies points to an overall positive relationship between consumption of milk/dairy products and the risk of developing prostate cancer. There are inconsistencies in the data, but taken together, the increased relative risk does not seem to be high. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to account for the relationship, with most attention being focused on the involvement of calcium/vitamin D, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and oestrogens, although it is unlikely that a single factor in milk is implicated. In any event, any added risk of prostate cancer from increased milk consumption has to be set alongside other evidence, which shows that increased milk consumption can provide substantially reduced risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and colorectal cancer, particularly because cardiovascular disease accounts for vastly more deaths than prostate cancer (although the latter is of course restricted to men).
Enrichment of n‐3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in beef: ProSafeBeef
Authors: Moloney A. P. , Scollan N. D. , Miles L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary ProSafeBeef is a 5‐year integrated project funded by the European Commission under the sixth Framework Programme. The overall aim is to advance beef safety and quality across Europe and the work programme spans seven integrated “pillars”. Pillar 3 is concerned with producing safe beef and beef products with enhanced nutritional and eating quality characteristics. A particular focus is on the development of strategies to enhance the concentrations in beef of those fatty acids considered to be of benefit to human health, without causing a detrimental effect on the appearance, shelf‐life or eating quality of the beef. There is accumulating evidence of the importance of long‐chain n‐3 (omega‐3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human health and disease prevention, and also evidence from experimental studies that has shown anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, and anti‐obesity effects of two isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Based on this evidence, the major focus of research efforts to improve the nutritional value of beef has been on increasing the concentration of the n‐3 PUFAs and CLA. Considerable progress has been made within pillar 3 of ProSafeBeef to meet this aim, primarily by manipulating the diet of cattle. Fundamental information on ruminal lipid metabolism and on the control and/or prevention of ruminal hydrogenation of dietary lipids arising from research within ProSafeBeef will facilitate the production of beef with a ‘healthier’ fatty acid profile. Moreover, strategies will be defined for industry on how to optimise nutritional and sensory properties and oxidative quality of beef products, by combining the nutritional enhancement made in the live animal together with target levels of functional ingredients to be added during processing.
EARNEST – the early nutrition programming project
Authors: De La Hunty A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe Early Nutrition Programming Project, EARNEST, is a large research programme which brings together a multi‐disciplinary team of international scientists and leaders in key areas of the early nutrition programming field from major research centres across 16 EU countries. The integrated programme of work includes experimental studies in humans, prospective observational studies and mechanistic animal work including physiological studies, cell culture models and molecular techniques. It is funded by the EC under the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technical Development and is co‐ordinated by the University of Munich. The project started in 2005 and will run to 2010. The first results are now becoming available.
ADP‐induced platelet aggregation in acute ischemic stroke patients on aspirin therapy
Authors: Cha J.‐K. , Jeon H.‐W. , Kang M.‐J. 
Published: November 2008

Background and purpose:  Aspirin is an important therapeutic regimen to prevent the recurrent ischemic events or death after acute ischemic stroke. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the extent of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ‐induced platelet aggregation and outcome in acute ischemic stroke patients on aspirin therapy.Methods:  We selected 107 acute ischemic stroke patients who had been prescribed aspirin and evaluated platelet function test by using optic platelet aggregometer test after 5 days of taking it and investigated the prognosis 90 days after ischemic events. Kaplan–Meyer curve was used for survival analysis.Results:  After stratification of the subjected patients by tertiles of ADP‐induced platelet aggregation, the events rates were 7.4%, 9.3% and 30.8% (P = 0.023). In multiple logistic regression analysis, old age over 70 years (OR, 13.7; 95% CI, 2.14–88.07; P = 0.001) and the increased ADP‐induced platelet aggregation had independent significance to the risk of primary end‐points after acute ischemic stroke (OR, 1.1; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20; P = 0.026).Conclusions:  This study showed that the increased ADP‐induced platelet aggregation under using aspirin is associated with poor outcome after acute ischemic stroke.
Population viability analysis for captive breeding and reintroduction of the endangered Columbia basin pygmy rabbit
Authors: Zeoli L. F. , Sayler R. D. , Wielgus R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCaptive breeding has become globally important in endangered species recovery, yet it is fraught with problems such as maintenance of genetic diversity, and adaptation to captivity. We studied survival and population dynamics of a captive population of endangered Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits Brachylagus idahoensis, from 2003 to 2007, to evaluate its potential for supporting reintroduction and recovery of wild extirpated populations in shrub‐steppe ecosystems of eastern Washington, USA. We developed stochastic population viability analysis models in Vortex and RAMAS to assess performance and surplus production of the captive population. This pygmy rabbit population has low adult survival beyond 1 year and dependency on high juvenile recruitment for population growth. Low juvenile survival and high variability in stochastic growth rates result in high variability in annual productivity. Our analysis showed that the captive population at n=75 cannot sustain a steady annual harvest of ≥30 rabbits for reintroduction and supplementation without increasing the risk of quasi‐extinction (n=30) to 59%. We conducted sensitivity analysis on maternity, carrying capacity and survival rates to identify critical values for model parameters that would lower extinction risk to the captive population when used as a source of rabbits for reintroduction. Increasing juvenile survival and recruitment into the first breeding class is the most effective method for enhancing the breeding program. Our population models suggest that captive breeding and recovery programs for short‐lived lagomorphs present significant conservation challenges because of the need to rapidly grow such populations to overcome demographic and genetic challenges.
Retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor α regulates a subset of cone genes during mouse retinal development
Authors: Fujieda Hiroki , Bremner Rod , Mears Alan J. , Sasaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractColor vision is supported by retinal cone photoreceptors that, in most mammals, express two photopigments sensitive to short (S‐opsin) or middle (M‐opsin) wavelengths. Expression of the Opn1sw and Opn1mw genes, encoding S‐opsin and M‐opsin, respectively, is under the control of nuclear receptors, including thyroid hormone receptor β2 (TRβ2), retinoid X receptor γ (RXRγ), and RORβ, a member of the retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor (ROR) family. We now demonstrate that RORα, another member of the ROR family, regulates Opn1sw, Opn1mw, as well as Arr3 (cone arrestin) in the mouse retina. RORα expression is detected in cones by postnatal day 3 and maintained through adulthood. The retinas of staggerer mice, carrying a null mutation of RORα, show significant down‐regulation of Opn1sw, Opn1mw, and Arr3. RORα acts in synergy with cone‐rod homeobox transcription factor (Crx), to activate the Opn1sw promoter in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays reveal that RORα directly binds to the Opn1sw promoter, Opn1mw locus control region, and the Arr3 promoter in vivo. Our data suggest that RORα plays a crucial role in cone development by directly regulating multiple cone genes.
Treatment of Acute Hepatic Failure by Hemoperfusion over Baboon and Human Livers: Alphafetoprotein Levels in Serum
Authors: Gundermann Karl‐Josef , Lie Tschong Su 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTTwelve patients with acute liver failure, two patients with cirrhotic failure of the liver, and one patient in the terminal stage of cirrhotic liver were treated. The patients had grade IV or V hepatic coma. Twenty‐seven perfusions were carried out, each lasting 8 to 27 hours, with one to four perfusions per patient. Eight patients with acute liver failure were brought out of the coma. Six of them showed sufficient clinical symptoms of hepatic regeneration; five of these could be discharged. These results suggest that 60% of complete clinical recovery of consciousness from grade IV or V coma in acute hepatic failute is possible with this therapy.The three patients with liver cirrhosis treated with a total of five hemoperfusions did awaken, but died because of insufficient hepatic regeneration.The serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels were examined. In those patients brought out of the coma, a rapid increase of AFP up to 260–500 ng/ml was observed. These levels remained high for several weeks in the patients who survived. In the patients who died of liver insufficiency, AFP levels increased only slightly or briefly, so AFP could be a good criterion for determining the prognosis for coma patients with this treatment.
Superiority of Hemofiltration to Hernodialysis for Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure: Comparative Studies Between Hernofiltration and Hernodialysis on Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome
Authors: Kishimoto T. , Yamagami S. , Tanaka H. , Ohyama T. , Yamamoto T. , Yamakawa M. , Nishino M. , Yoshimoto S. , Maekawa M. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTComparative studies on dialysis disequilibrium syndrome and vascular instability were performed with patients on conventional hemodialysis and on post‐dilution hemofiltration. Sixteen patients on a chronic hemofiltration program were studied and a cross‐over study protocol examining the dialysis disequilibrium syndrome was carried out contrasting hemodialysis and hemofiltration. All patients showed a comparative intolerance to conventional hemodialysis. A notably lower incidence of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome was observed in hernofiltration than in hemodialysis. The effect of hemofiltration on dialysisresistant hypertension was not consistent. Normalization of blood pressure was observed in three out of six hypertensive patients with a decrease in plasma renin activity. Hemofiltration seemed to have favorable effects on secondary hyperparathyroidism and hyperphosphatemia. In order to test the hypothesis that hemofiltration resulted in transport of fluid and solutes from the intracellular to the extracellular, and thence to the ultrafiltrate compartment, the urea concentration of total effluent, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid were measured during hemofiltration and hemodialysis. While the total amount of urea removed was comparable between hemofiltration and hemodialysis on a small dialyzer, during hemofiltration the decay curve of the serum urea concentration was more delayed and urea in the cerebrospinal fluid was more efficiently removed than in hemodialysis. We conclude that, compared with hemodialysis, hemofiltration gives rise to less decrease of plasma osmolality and circulating plasma volume without red cell swelling, better compensation of acidosis despite less infusion of acetate to the patients, and less paradoxical acidosis in cerebrospinal fluid with a lower urea concentration gradient between cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. These findings may explain the significantly lower incidence of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome observed during hemofiltration.
Hernodiafiltration With Sodium Concentration‐Controlled Dialysate
Authors: Maeda K. , Saito A. , Kawaguchi S. , Asada A. , Niwa T. , Ohta K. , Kobayashi K. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTWhen hemofiltration and hernodialysis are compared, the former is more effective in removing larger substances, whereas the latter is superior in removing small substances. We consider hemodiafiltration, in which the advantages of the two treatment methods can be adopted, as the most effective and practical method. In the studies of hemodiafiltration, we demonstrated that disequilibrium syndrome associated with the treatment can be prevented by employing a high sodium concentration in the dialysate. The dialysate was successfully used for treating intracel‐lular overhydration. However, it could not be used without causing adverse effects such as thirst in patients whose intracellular overhydration had already been treated and resulted in increase in their body weight. However, these patients were treated successfully by decreasing the high sodium concentration gradually or in a stepwise manner.
Mitral Valve Replacement with Dura Mater Bioprostheses
Authors: Martelli V. , Wain W. H. , Bodnar E. , Ross D. N. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTDura mater bioprostheses for cardiac valve replacement were first introduced in Brazil. They have been used since 1975 at the National Heart Hospital, London, as a mitral valve replacement instead of fascia lata valves or inverted aortic homograft valves. During this period 120 patients have had dura mater valves inserted in the mitral position; 29 also received an aortic valve replacement, 6 with dura mater, 20 with an aortic homograft, 2 with an aortic xeno‐graft and 1 with a prosthetic valve. Perivalvular leaks occurred with seven of these mitral valves, and another seven presented with detached cusps. All but one of these 14 valves were replaced. Emboli have occurred in four of the patients, one of whom died after 35 months with thrombus on the aortic valve, but with an unaffected mitral valve. There were 15 early deaths, a hospital mortality of 12.5%. and 10 late deaths, a postoperative mortality of 9.5%. Actuarial analysis has shown a four‐year postoperative survival of 78.970.
The Effects of Homologous Cross‐Circulation and In Situ Liver Perfusion on Fulrninant Hepatic Failure Rats
Authors: Mohsini Khawar , Lister Colin , Chang Thomas M.S. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTA galactosamine‐induced fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) rat model was used to study the effects of homologous cross‐circulation and in situ liver perfusion. Cross‐circulation with homologous donors did not significantly improve the survival time or recovery rate of grade II hepatic coma rats. Homologous in situ liver perfusion significantly improved the survival time and recovery in FHF only when started in grade II coma; it has no effect in the later stage of coma.
Prostacyclin Eliminates the Thrombocytopenia Associated with Charcoal Hemoperfusion and Minimizes Heparin and Fibrinogen Consumption
Authors: Woods Hugh Feidhlim , Weston Michael John , Bunting Stuart , Moncada Salvador , Vane John 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) on the bioin‐compatibility of charcoal hemoperfusion (CHP), platelet counts, platelet aggregate formation as measured by screen filtration pressure (SFP), plasma fibrinogen levels, and heparin activity monitored by calcium‐thrombin clotting times (Ca‐TCT) were compared during CHP in healthy dogs with heparin alone or heparin plus PGI2. Platelet losses (25 ± 6 vs 83 ± 2%: mean ± SEM), rise in SFP (65 ± 6 vs 249 ± 25 mmHg), and fibrinogen consumption (20 ± 5 vs 46 ± 6%) were significantly less during CHP with PGI2 than with heparin only. In addition, rapid neutralization of heparin, as monitored by Ca‐TCT, during CHP was prevented by PGL2. The use of PGI2 may allow a proper evaluation of the efficacy of CHP in conditions such as fulminant hepatic failure where, hitherto, incompatibility between blood and charcoal may have had deleterious effects.
Hydrostatic Ultrafiltration During Hemodialysis Using Decreasing Sodium Dialysate
Authors: Chen Wei‐Tzuoh , Ing Todd S. , Daugirdas John T. , Humayun Hamid M. , Brescia Donald J. , Gandhi Vasant C. , Hano Jessie E. , Kheirbek Ali O. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTTwelve patients underwent hemodialysis using dialysate containing 130 mEq/L sodium, and, on a separate occasion, dialysis using a dialysate of constantly decreasing sodium concentration (from 150 to 133 mEq/L). Hydrostatic ultra‐filtration during dialysis was performed at a constant rate (900 ml/hr) during both treatments, and was continued until a substantial drop in mean arterial pressure (‐15%) or symptoms were observed. A double‐blind comparison of the two treatment modalities was thus achieved.At the end of ultrafiltration, significantly more fluid had been removed using decreasing sodium dialysate (2.9 ± 0.3 kg) than when using the low‐sodium dialysate (1.9 ± 0.2 kg, P<0.001). Plasma sodium concentration at the end of ultra filtration using decreasing sodium dialysate was not significantly different from the predialysis level.Hydrostatic ultrafiltration using a dialysate of decreasing sodium level may prove to be a useful means of removing excess fluid asymptomatically from dialysis patients.
A Seven‐Month Survival of a Calf with an Artificial Heart Designed for Human Use
Authors: Mochizuki Takaaki , Lawson John H. , Olsen Don B. , Fukumasu Hiroyuki , Daitoh Nobuyoshi , Jarvik Robert , Kessler Thomas R. , Pons A. B. , Hastings Larry , Razzeca Kristin J. , Nielsen Steven D. , Kolff W. J. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTA Jarvik‐7 type of pneumatic artificial heart, which was specifically designed to fit the anatomy and hemodynamic requirements of human patients, was implanted in a calf in an experiment to test the hemodynamic performance of the artificial heart. The experiment lasted for 221 days, longer than any animal had ever lived without its natural heart, despite the fact that the calf increased its body weight to 171 kg. The calf showed typical signs of low cardiac output before its death, but the direct cause of death was intestinal bleeding. At autopsy, it was discovered that the low cardiac output was due to severe pannus around the left inflow valve, as diagnosed earlier by changes in the pneumatic pressure wave form.
Pseudointima in Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft Implanted in the Inferior Vena Cava of Normal and Defibrinogenated Dogs
Authors: Ishimaru Shin , William‐Olsson Eva Berglin , Hansson Hans‐Arne , Teefer‐Nilsson Ann‐Catrine , William‐Olsson Goran 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe pseudointimal formation in an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft implanted in the canine inferior vena cava was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Five of 6 grafts in the control group and all the 10 grafts in the batroxobin‐defibrinogenated group were patent, and provided for the investigation.The thickness of the mural thrombus formed within 3 days was significantly decreased in the severely defibrinogenated dogs, in which the fibrinogen concentration was below 0.40 gm/L, as compared to the controls and the moderately defibrinogenated dogs, in which the fibrinogen concentration was at highest 0.72‐0.87 gm/L.In spite of reducing the fibrinogen concentration to unmeas‐urable levels after 3 days, there was no obvious difference in the process of pseudointimal formation between the moderately defibrinogenated dogs and the controls. In the severely defibrinogenated dogs, loose and spongoid mural thrombus required a longer time to be reorganized.