bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ductus venosus shunting in the fetal venous circulation: regulatory mechanisms, diagnostic methods and medical importance
Authors: Tchirikov M. , Schröder H. J. , Hecher K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe fetal liver is located at the crossroads of the umbilical venous circulation. Anatomically, the ductus venosus (DV) and the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein are arranged in parallel. The actual DV shunting rate, i.e. the percentage of umbilical blood flow entering the DV measured by Doppler velocimetry, seems to be lower than that estimated using radioactively‐labeled microspheres. In human fetuses the DV shunting rate is about 20–30%. Increases in the DV shunting rate are a general adaptational mechanism to fetal distress. Hypoxia results in a significant increase in the DV shunting rate, most probably in order to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen and glucose to vitally important organs such as the brain and heart. The mechanism of blood flow redistribution between the fetal liver and the DV is still a matter of debate. The isthmic portion of the DV contains less smooth muscle tissue than the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, which in vitro react more forcefully in response to catecholamines than the DV.In growth‐restricted human fetuses DV shunting is increased and the umbilical blood supply to the fetal liver is reduced. The long‐term reduction of the hepatic blood supply may be involved in fetal growth restriction. The occlusion of the DV leads to a significant increase in cell proliferation in fetal skeletal muscle, heart, kidneys and liver, and possibly to an increase in insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐I and ‐II mRNA expression in the fetal liver. These findings hint at the possible role of the perfusion of the fetal liver in the control of the growth process.The quantification of DV shunting by Doppler velocimetry may improve the early recognition of fetal compromise in prenatal medicine. In this Review we summarize the published data on the anatomical structure and histology of the DV, the mechanisms of regulation of DV shunting, its role in fetal survival and growth and the possible use of the measurement of DV shunting in clinical practice. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Total Colectomy Improves Altered Distribution of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Furihata Makoto , Sawada Tokihiko , Okada Toshie , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Horie Toru , Takagi Kazutoshi , Nagata Hitoshi , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundIt is now generally believed that regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in peripheral tolerance, and a defect in Tregs is considered one of the most important factors in the induction of various kinds of autoimmune disease including ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we examined the change in frequency of Tregs phenotype in five patients with UC whose condition had not been controllable by conventional conservative therapy and who were scheduled for total colectomy.AimsThe aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of UC in a clinical setting.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from five patients with UC, and the change in frequency of Tregs was analyzed by flow cytometry before total colectomy and on postoperative days 1, 7, and 20. Tregs were defined as CD4+ CD25+ CD45RA+ T cells, and data (%) were expressed as frequency of Tregs/CD4+ T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy blood donors (n = 5) and from patients undergoing other types of major surgery (n = 5) were used as controls.ResultsComparison with normal subjects showed that generation of Tregs was suppressed in UC patients before they underwent total colectomy (0.95 versus 5.06; P = 0.009). The frequency of Tregs increased shortly after total colectomy. The frequency at postoperative days 1, 7, and 20 was 3.81%, 8.13%, and 3.76%, respectively. There were significant differences in the change in frequency in the period before surgery and postoperative day 1, between postoperative days 1 and 7, and between days 7 and 20.ConclusionsElimination of targeted antigens residing in the colorectal mucosa by total colectomy improved the suppressed distribution of Tregs in UC patients. The present study provides the first direct clinical evidence that Tregs play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of UC.
Dynamics of seedling populations and tree species coexistence in a forest: a simulation study
Authors: Takenaka Akio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTheoretically, temporal variation of reproduction promotes species coexistence of sessile and polycarpic organisms when the reproduction is synchronized within species but independent among species. Monopoly of vacant sites and high relative population growth rate of minor species in the absence of propagules of other species is the essence of this mechanism. The mechanism is expected to work in forests, but persistent populations of seedlings may affect the promotion of coexistence. Using a tree‐based simulation model of forest dynamics, it was demonstrated that the number of coexisting tree species was sensitively affected by the seedling establishment rate. The coexistence was not enhanced by temporal variation of reproduction when seedling establishment rate was low. This is because the reproducing minor species fail to monopolize vacant sites and allow the establishment of seedlings of other species in later years. High mortality of established seedlings under shade also suppressed coexistence. This is likely to be the result of a reduced storage effect of the population of seedlings. A forest structure and dynamics pattern that appears when tree species coexistence is promoted by fluctuating reproduction was searched for, and the number of coexisting species was varied by manipulating the seedling establishment rate. No distinct difference other than the species number itself was found between species‐rich and species‐poor forests. For example, the seedling population size varied, reflecting the temporal variation of reproduction, irrespective of the seedling establishment rate. Further strategy development is needed to validate the proposed mechanisms of species coexistence.
Involvement of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ in tetramethylpyrazine‐induced colonic anion secretion
Authors: Zhu Jin‐Xia , Zhang Gui‐Hong , Yang Ning , Wong Hau‐Yan Connie , Chung Yiu‐Wa , Chan Hsiao‐Chang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the present study we investigated the role of Ca2+ in tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)‐induced anion secretion in the human colonic epithelial cell line, Caco‐2, using the short‐circuit current (ISC) technique in conjunction with intracellular Ca2+ measurements. The results showed that TMP‐induced ISC response was significantly reduced by 58.8% and 38.3% after inhibiting Ca2+ ATPase of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with thapsigargin and mobilizing ER stored Ca2+ release with ATP, respectively. Conversely, thapsigargin‐ and ATP‐evoked ISC responses were also significantly reduced by pretreatment with TMP by 43.2% and 38.5%, respectively. Conversely, removal of extracellular Ca2+, apical but not basolateral, or the presence of the Ca2+ chelator (EGTA) significantly increased TMP‐induced ISC by 47.1% and 37.8%, respectively. Similar to TMP, thapsigargin‐induced current increase was also enhanced by chelating extracellular Ca2+ or in Ca2+ free solution; however, removal of extracellular Ca2+ did not significantly affect 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX)‐ and forskolin‐induced transepithelial current. Measurement of the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) with fura‐2/AM showed that TMP could induce an increase in [Ca2+]i but pretreatment with TMP significantly reduced thapsigargin‐evoked, but not ATP‐induced, [Ca2+]i increase. These results suggest that the effect of TMP on colonic anion secretion is partly mediated by TMP‐increased [Ca2+]i by acting on a target similar to thapsigargin. The observed inhibitory effect of extracellular Ca2+ on Ca2+‐dependent anion secretion represents a novel mechanism by which Ca2+‐dependent regulation of epithelial electrolyte transport may be fine‐tuned by extracellular Ca2+ in the apical domain.
Mondini-like malformation mimicking otosclerosis and superior semicircular canal dehiscence
Authors: Karlberg M , Annertz M , Magnusson M 
Published: March 2006

In 2003, it was reported that superior semicircular canal dehiscence can mimic otosclerosis because of low-frequency bone conduction hearing gain and dissipation of air-conducted acoustic energy through the dehiscence. We report the case of a 17-year-old girl with left-sided combined hearing loss thought to be due to otosclerosis. Bone conduction thresholds were −10 dB at 250 and 500 Hz and she had a 40 dB air–bone gap at 250 Hz. When a tuning fork was placed at her ankle she heard it in her left ear. Acoustic reflexes and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials could be elicited bilaterally. Imaging of the temporal bones showed no otosclerosis, superior semicircular canal dehiscence or large vestibular aqueduct, but a left-sided, Mondini-like dysplasia of the cochlea with a modiolar deficiency could be seen. Mondini-like cochlear dysplasia should be added to the causes of inner-ear conductive hearing loss.
Prognosis of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treated with repositioning manoeuvres
Authors: Korres S , Balatsouras D G , Ferekidis E 
Published: March 2006

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) treated with canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs).Material and methods: Retrospective study of consecutive BPPV cases diagnosed over three years. All patients underwent a complete otolaryngologic, audiologic and neurotologic evaluation. The appropriate CRP was performed, depending on the type of BPPV. Prognostic factors studied included age, sex, aetiology, duration of disease, abnormal electronystagmographic findings, canal involvement, improper performance of manoeuvres, response on first or repeat treatment, and presence of recurrences.Results: One hundred and fifty-five patients were studied, 66 men and 89 women, with mean ages of 58.7 and 60.4 years, respectively. Age and the involvement of two canals or bilateral disease had an effect on initial treatment outcome and were correlated to increased recurrences but not to repeat treatment outcome. Secondary BPPV, abnormal electronystagmographic findings and improper performance of manoeuvres had a significant effect both on initial and repeat treatment, but not on recurrences. Sex and duration of symptoms had no effect.Conclusion: Canalith repositioning procedures provide fast and long-lasting treatment of BPPV in most patients. However, in a small subgroup of patients, failures may be noticed that may be attributed to various prognostic factors.
Hearing preservation surgery in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Khrais Tarek , Sanna Mario 
Published: March 2006

Objectives: To study the effect of pre-operative hearing level and tumour size on the hearing outcome of hearing preservation surgery for vestibular schwannoma.Study design and setting: A review of literature conducted at Gruppo Otologico, a tertiary referral centre for neurotology and skull base surgery.Results: A total of 1993 patients in 16 publications addressing the topic of hearing preservation surgery in vestibular schwannoma were analysed. The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery hearing classification system was the classification upon which we based our analysis.Conclusion: Defining hearing preservation as class-A hearing, there was a strong inverse relationship between pre-operative hearing and post-operative hearing levels and between tumour size and post-operative hearing levels.
The art of the tincture: analytical supervision
Authors: Cwik August J. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract:Using the alchemical metaphor, effective supervision can be seen as an excellent example of the tincture: a little goes a long way. This paper offers a model of the dynamics in analytical supervision: a mirroring of the professional‐self of the supervisee, the opportunity to learn through empirical factual knowledge, and, most importantly, experiential, interactive and dynamic learning. The container of supervision will be amplified using an image of the triple vessel of alchemy. The materia of supervision is discussed as ‘amalgams’ of complex related material. The supervisory field is seen in a triadic intersubjective and interimaginal manner. Jung's diagram of all the possible conscious and unconscious connections between patient and therapist is expanded to include the supervisory situation. Moving beyond projective identification as explanatory process, the concept of the mundus imaginalis is used as the medium for this triadic structure. The ‘analytic third’ expands to include the ‘supervisory fourth’ while incorporating the supervisor's imaginings of the patient as the quintessential experience of the imaginal other. The supervisor's attitude and state of mind are seen through the paradigm of active imagination. This state of mind is called supervisory reverie.
Fifty years on: a training for the 21st century, from couple to community
Authors: Wiener Jan , Perry Christopher 
Published: March 2006

Abstract:The paper describes the gradual transformation of the structures, process and content of the adult training at the Society of Analytical Psychology (SAP) from 1997 when the potential for individuation had gone awry through lack of a culturally relevant and coherent programme until 2005 when trainees’ professional and personal individuation could be enhanced by a process and a curriculum representing fairly the interests and beliefs of the range of different approaches to Jungian psychology that are to be found in the SAP. The process has taken eight years to complete and in the paper, the authors, two successive Directors of Training, describe the persistent resistances to necessary change from within their Society, focusing in particular on the key role of the founder member; the privileging of the internal world at the expense of significant external factors; a confusion of roles among members between volunteers and professionals and last, but by no means least, the contamination of the educative task and the creation of a training community by fantasies of the mother/infant couple.
Jung, the trickster writer, or what literary research can do for the clinician
Authors: Rowland Susan 
Published: March 2006

Abstract:This paper aims to show how literary scholarship can contribute to clinical debates by offering different methods of reading and interpreting works by Jung. Firstly, as texts form much of the means by which Jungian ideas are transmitted and worked upon, literary research offers methods of examining the way we read for authority and orthodoxy. Secondly, it is invaluable to look at the way in which Jung actually wrote. Jung portrays a dynamic psyche in action in his writings. His works are not only about a creative archetypal psyche, they enact and perform this creativity in the way in which he uses words. The rich playfulness demonstrated in The Collected Works is an example of a writer as a mythmaker of the psyche, one who absorbs unconscious creative energies into his writing in ways that dissolve modernity's cultural boundaries of science and art.In addition, the aesthetic component in Jung's writing is not a decoration of his ideas. Rather, his ‘literary’ qualities are themselves forms of argument about the fragile state of modern subjectivity. Using his essays on ‘Synchronicity’, and the ‘Trickster’, the paper will show these works to be responses to three related crises that still face clinicians and scholars today: the problematic role of the hero myth as an individuation narrative, the nature of ‘science’, and the crisis of western modernity itself in desperate need of psychic healing. The paper will show that where writing on synchronicity aims to individuate science by adding a ‘feminine’ Eros to its Logos biases, the Trickster essay is designed to ameliorate modernity by providing frameworks to make visible marginal or excluded material. In these works Jung tries to rejuvenate the modern world by re‐connecting traditional symbolic systems with the psyche through myth as a language of psychic relating.
Keratin 17 mutation in pachyonychia congenita type 2 patient with early onset steatocystoma multiplex and Hutchinson‐like tooth deformity
Authors: OH Se‐Woong , KIM Moon Young , LEE Jeong Sun , KIM Soo‐Chan 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTPachyonychia congenita type 2 (PC‐2) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by hypertrophic nail dystrophy, focal keratoderma, multiple pilosebaceous cysts, and other features of ectodermal dysplasia. It has been demonstrated that PC‐2 is caused by mutations in the keratin 17 and keratin 6b genes. In this report, we describe a missense mutation in the keratin 17 gene, M88T, in a Korean patient whose phenotype included early onset steatocystoma multiplex and Hutchinson‐like tooth deformities along with other typical features of PC‐2 such as hypertrophic nails, natal teeth and follicular hyperkeratosis.
A very large, rapidly developing, congenital giant cell fibroblastoma in a 5‐month old infant
Authors: ALIAĞAOĞLU Cihangir , BAKAN Vedat , ATASOY Mustafa , ŞAHIN Önder , TOKER Serdar , ALBAYRAK Mevlüt 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTGiant cell fibroblastoma is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm that occurs in childhood. It seems to be the juvenile form of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, which is seen less frequently in children. Only one congenital case has been reported previously. In this report, we present a 5‐month‐old girl with a rapidly and atypically growing mass located on the upper part of the right scapula. We think that our case is very interesting, because no similarly large lesion (12 cm × 10 cm × 8 cm) related to giant cell fibroblastoma has been previously reported in the published work.
A case of genital folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma with an unique aggregated manifestation
Authors: HAMADA Manabu , KIRYU Hiromaro , SATOH Emiko , MOROI Yoichi , URABE Kazunori , FURUE Masutaka 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTFolliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (FCH) is a recently recognized cutaneous hamartoma composed of follicular, sebaceous and mesenchymal components, and usually occurring on the head and neck. We describe herein a case of FCH with an unique aggregated manifestation in a genital lesion. The patient was a 40‐year‐old woman with a genital lesion composed of a pedunculated nodule, a dome‐shaped nodule and a subcutaneous nodule, measuring 5 cm in the greatest dimension. The largest, pedunculated nodule was histologically composed of an infundibulo‐cystic structure with follicular, sebaceous and mesenchymal elements accompanied by cystic structures of various sizes lined by stratified squamous epithelium and follicular germinative cells suggesting follicular cysts. The dome‐shaped nodule consisted of anastomosing strands of epithelial cells with follicular components. The subcutaneous nodule had two components, an infundibulo‐cystic structure and a cyst lined by squamous epithelium. In our case, the unusual clinical feature of large and multiple nodules was due to the presence of several prominent hamartomatous cystic structures with FCH. This is the third case of giant FCH. The clinical presentation and location of giant FCH is unusual.
Chondrolipoma of the popliteal fossa and Japanese reports
Authors: OHTSUKA Hisashi 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTA rare case of chondrolipoma of the right popliteal fossa in a 24‐year‐old female was reported with review of the Japanese published work. Eleven patients with chondrolipoma including lipoma with cartilaginous metaplasia, including my case, have been reported in Japan. The patients ranged in age from 7–79 years. All cases occurred in adults except for one. Six patients were male and five were female. Two lesions each arose on the tongue, upper back and popliteal fossa, and one each on the buccal submucosa, shoulder, breast, lateral chest and sole. The duration of the lesions ranged from 1 month to 20 years. The lesions ranged 1–10 cm in greatest dimension. The presented tumor was an early one because of the shortest duration and the smallest size in Japan. Recent criteria for a benign mesenchymoma including a chondrolipoma were also described.
Scleromyxedema: An experience using treatment with systemic corticosteroid and review of the published work
Authors: LIN Yi‐Chiun , WANG Hsi‐Ching , SHEN Jui‐Lung 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTScleromyxedema, a rare cutaneous mucinosis of unknown cause, is a variant of generalized papular mucinosis that is also known as generalized lichen myxedematosus. It is characterized clinically by generalized papular or scleroderma‐like eruptions. Histopathological examination reveals mucin deposition and a proliferation of fibroblasts in the upper dermis. We describe the case of a man with scleromyxedema treated with systemic corticosteroids whose skin lesions improved gradually within 4 weeks.
Lipoid proteinosis: A case with ophthalmological and psychiatric findings
Authors: BAHADIR Sevgi , ÇOBANOĞLU Ümit , KAPICIOĞLU Zerrin , KANDIL Sema Tanrıöver , ÇIMŞIT Gülseren , SöNMEZ Müjgan , YAYLI Savaş 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTLipoid proteinosis (LP) is an uncommon, recessively inherited disorder. The disease usually has its onset in the newborn period and is manifested by hoarseness. The skin and mucous membrane involvement arises between the first and second year of age. A 14‐year‐old male presented with the complaint of blistering on various sites of his skin, from the age of 12 months, resulting in scarring. Ophthalmological and psychiatric findings also appeared during the clinical course. The histological findings of skin biopsy included extensive deposits of amorphous eosinophilic material in the papillary dermis. No known therapy exists for LP.
Extending the evidence hierarchy to enhance evidence‐based practice for substance use disorders
Authors: Tucker Jalie A. , Roth David L. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose  This paper examines the evidence‐based practice (EBP) movement in the context of the developmental status of theory, research and practice on substance use disorders. Scope  Hierarchical views that favor randomized controlled trials (RCTs) over other forms of evidence are reviewed, and the benefits and limitations of RCTs are considered as they intersect with contemporary issues in the field.Findings  RCTs with lengthy follow‐up intervals comprise an important piece of the relevant evidence base, especially for establishing treatment efficacy, but their continued centrality as the ‘gold standard’ of evidence for informing substance abuse practice is questioned. Conclusions  Given the status of knowledge, advances in science and practice will probably come from longitudinal studies of the changeable course of addictive behaviors and processes over long time frames and that investigate linkages with treatment selection factors and other surrounding contextual variables that also change through time. Benefits of evidentiary pluralism for advancing an interdisciplinary approach to research and practice are considered.