bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TUMOUR VISUALISATION USING A RADIOLABELLED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY*
Authors: ZALCBERG J. R. , THOMPSON C. H. , LICHTENSTEIN M. , LEYDEN M. J. , ANDREWS J. T. , SULLIVAN J. R. , McKENZlE I. F. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A radiolabelled monoclonal antibody was injected intravenously into two patients with disseminated carcinoma of the colon and serial scintigrams were then obtained on three consecutive days. In addition to the “specific” antibody image, blood pool and conventional liver scans were also obtained. After computer‐based subtraction discrete hepatic metastases could be demonstrated in both patients, while in the second patient, the primary colonic tumour was also visualised for the first time. The study demonstrates the specific localisation of primary and secondary carcinoma of the colon with a radiolabelled monoclonal anti‐tumour antibody and offers an improved method of specifically detecting tumours in man. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 571–577.)
A SIMPLE AID TO THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF OLIGURIA
Authors: BROWN M. A. , TREW P. A. , SMART R. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A study was conducted in oliguric and acutely azotemic patients, measuring: (i) the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) using creatinine clearance as a measure of glomerular filtration rate, and (ii) sodium clearance relative to urea clearance, designated as the sodium/urea clearance ratio (Na:urea CR).It was found that FENa discriminated between “tubular” and “non‐tubular” disorders in 96% of patients. Further, Na:urea CR was as discriminating as FENa. Patients with Na:urea CR above 2.5% can be reliably diagnosed as having acute tubular necrosis or acute urinary tract obstruction; those with a value less than 2.5% will have acute glomerulonephritis or pre‐renal azotemia. As urea and sodium measurements are so readily available, this test can now be applied in the assessment of the oliguric or acutely azotemic patient in any hospital practice. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 608–612.)
BREATHING DURING SLEEP: THE RESPONSES TO ASPHYXIA and PROCHLORPERAZINE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS and PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA*
Authors: OLSON L. G. , HENSLEY M. J. , SAUNDERS N. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract::The effects of sleep and prochlorperazine (12.5 mg intravenous bolus) on the ventilatory and arousal responses to asphyxia were studied in normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The ventilatory response to asphyxia was reduced during non‐rapid eye movement sleep in the six normal subjects studied (1.93 ± 0.181 min‐1. % SaO2 awake vs. 1.01 ± 0.10 I min‐1. ± SaO2 asleep; rnean ± SEM; p<0.01) (SaO2= arterial oxygen saturation). In the two normal subjects studied during sleep following prochlorperazine administration, ventilatory responsiveness was increased (p<0.05) but arousal response to asphyxia was depressed (p<0.025). Although prochlorperazine increased waking ventilatory responsiveness to asphyxia in five of six patients with OSA (2.26 ± 0.44 I min‐1.% SaO2vs.4.77 ± 1.39 I min‐1.% SaO2; mean ± SEM; p<0.01), the drug had no clinically significant effect on upper airway obstruction during sleep; in three patients, apnea frequency was slightly reduced but in four of six patients severity of hypoxemia during apnea was increased with drug administration. We conclude that prochlorperazine administration is unlikely to benefit patients with obstructive sleep apnea despite its ventilatory effects during wakefulness and sleep. This lack of effect may be explained by separate effects of the drug on ventilatory and arousal responses to asphyxia. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 613–620.)
POST PARTUM NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN MIXED ESSENTIAL CRYOGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: GOODMAN G. J. , RYAN P. F. J. , SINCLAIR R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The clinical and histological findings of a patient with mixed essential cryoglobulinemia (MECG) who developed post partum renal failure and the nephrotic syndrome are described. The renal insufficiency responded dramatically to intensive plasma exchange and longer term immunosuppression with associated resolution of the renal histological changes. To our knowledge deterioration of renal function in the post partum period has not been previously described in the syndrome of MECG. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 633–635.)
MANTLE IRRADIATION FOR STAGE I AND STAGE II HODGKIN'S DISEASE – RESULTS OF A 10 YEAR EXPERIENCE
Authors: LIEW K. H. , DING J. C. , MATTHEWS J. P. , IRONSIDE P. J. , BEADLE G. F. , COOPER I. A. , MADIGAN J. P. , PARKIN F. G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: One hundred and thirty patients with Stage I and II supradiagphragmatic Hodgkin's disease treated with mantle irradiation alone at the Peter MacCallum Hospital, Melbourne between 1968–1977 were analysed retrospectively. The median followup was 7.4 years with a minimum of three years.There were 64 clinically staged (CS) and 66 pathologically staged (PS) patients. The major difference between the two groups was the transdiaphragmatic relapse which occurred in 33% of CS patients, and 7.5% in PS patients. The actuarial five year relapse free survival (RFS) was 48% for CS patients and 67% for PS patients, but the five year overall survival was 90% for both groups, reflecting the impact of salvage treatment.Avid attention must be given to radiotherapy techniques to minimise local treatment failures. High grade nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease is associated with poor RFS even after adjustment has been made for stage and constitutional symptoms (p < 0.003). Further studies will be made on this group of patients who may benefit from combined modality treatment. For PS I and II patients mantle irradiation gives a five year RFS of 67%, thus offering potential for cure in these patients.
SPONTANEOUS DISSECTION OF THE INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
Authors: KILPATRICK C. , SAGE M. R. , BURNS R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery has been considered a relatively rare cause of carotid artery occlusion. It is postulated this condition may not be uncommon and that some cases are not recognised.The condition is characterised by typical clinical and radiological features which should suggest the diagnosis. Despite these suggestive features it appears that recognition of this condition is not widespread and the diagnosis may not be made.Three cases of spontaneous dissection are reported. The clinical and radiological features will be emphasised and pathogenesis and treatment discussed.
SMALL AIRWAYS DISEASE
Authors: BEREND N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Over the last 10 years the non‐specific term “small airways disease” has been applied to a number of histologic lesions seen in the peripheral airways of smokers. It is becoming recognized that airway inflammation is the most important of these lesions. This pathology may be the precursor to the subsequent development of emphysema and is an important cause of the functional abnormality in smokers. A current hypothesis is that small airways disease may be detected early in the smoking careers of subjects who later develop chronic respiratory disability. In these individuals particularly, complete cessation of smoking should be the primary therapeutic goal. With the recent development of special tests to assess small airways function, the presence of small airways disease can be detected in asymptomatic smokers who may have normal routine lung function tests. However, most of the tests to assess airway function are also influenced by other physiological factors such as loss of elastic recoil. We await the results of long term epidemiological studies to confirm the above hypothesis that early small airways disease leads to chronic disability. Without such confirmatory evidence, the routine use of these special tests cannot at present be advocated.
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT SYMPTOMS IN QUEENSLAND SCHOOLCHILDREN THE QUESTIONNAIRE: ITS RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY
Authors: MITCHELL C. , MILES J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function were recorded on 4549 Queensland schoolchildren. Previously parents of 67 children on two occasions showed that key questions on wheezy breathing and productive cough were reliable, with agreement of responses in 97% and 91% of subjects. These two questions divided the children into four main groups: Group A, those children with attacks of asthma or of wheezy breathing; Group B, those with attacks of cough with sputum; Group AB, those with both symptoms; and Group N, those with neither symptom.The validity of the questionnaire was examined by relating question responses to ventilatory function expressed as normalized residuals. Mean (±SD) normalized FEF 25–75 residuals for the major groups were: N, 0 ± 1.00; B, ‐0.10±1.00; A, ‐ 0.26 ±1.10; and AB, ‐0.50±1.07. In subjects with wheeze, residuals distinguished subjects on a basis of frequency of wheeze, total number of attacks, and the association with breathlessness.The proportion of eight year olds in each group (N, B, A and AB) was 44%, 33%, 2.6%, and 20.5% respectively; and of twelve year olds, 52%, 28%, 2.7%, and 18.1%. These results contrast with those of a comparable survey of Tasmanian seven year olds where the proportion was 51%, 33%, 1.8%, and 14.4% respectively.
PLESIOMONAS SHIGELLOSES SEPTIC ARTHRITIS COMPLICATING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: GORDON D. L. , PHILPOT C. R. , McGUIRE C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A patient with severe seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and hepatic cirrhosis developed septic arthritis of his knees. Plesiomonas shigelloides was isolated from joint fluid, blood, and also from the gut. The patient's joint symptoms responded to treatment with oral trimethoprim‐sulphamethoxazole, but he died of uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding five days later.
PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE DUE TO SEVERE OSTEOMALACIA FOLLOWING LOW‐DOSE DIPHOSPHONATE TREATMENT OF PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE
Authors: EVANS R. A. , HILLS E. , DUNSTAN C. R. , WONG S. Y. P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Ethane‐l‐hydroxy‐l, l‐diphosphonate (EHDP) 5 mg/kg body weight/day was administered to a patient suffering from Paget's disease of bone. After 150 days of treatment, when the plasma alkaline phosphatase was 40% of initial, he suffered a pathologic fracture of his Pagetic right patella, which was found to have osteomalacia of extreme severity. An iliac crest bone biopsy, following double tetracycline labels, also showed severe osteomalacia of Pagetic bone. Osteoclast acid phosphatase activity was reduced, as occurs in diphosphonate‐treated rats. The patient's history included two previous pathologic fractures of Pagetic bone and unusual sensitivity to EHDP. It might be prudent to perform needle bone biopsy in order to exclude osteomalacia in EHDP‐treated _ patients with these clinical manifestations.
CEREBRAL ABSCESS: MANIFESTATION OF PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
Authors: FENELEY M. P. , BURNS M. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Two cases in which cerebral abscess was the initial presenting feature of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are reported. Cerebral abscess recurred in one patient. The pulmonary malformations were multiple and bilateral in both cases. One patient had associated features of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Surgical resection of the largest malformations was performed in both cases. Cerebral abscess did not recur in either case post‐operatively, though this may not have been due to surgical intervention.
MYOCLONUS FOLLOWING SEVERE ASTHMA: CLONAZEPAM RELIEVES
Authors: CHEE Y. C. , POH S. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Three cases of severe asthma requiring mechanical ventilatory support after sudden cardiorespiratory collapse developed myoclonus following the hypoxemic insult. They were unable to stand, walk or feed themselves because of these jerky involuntary movements which were worse on intention. Oral clonazepam in varying doses up to 8 mg daily improved the myoclonus remarkably such that they were able to perform these functions unaided.
COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC GLUE (TOLUENE) ABUSE IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: DEVATHASAN G. , LOW D. , TEOH P. C. , WAN S. H. , WONG P. K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Recently there has been an alarming increase in the number of schoolchildren sniffing glue (toluene). The medical complications seen in 18 boys, aged 14 to 18 years, include physical and mental dependence, pulmonary hypertension with cor pulmonale, restrictive lung defect, encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy and high frequency, continuous discharges (neuromyotonia) on electromyogram.Glue sniffing took place in small groups and abusers sniffed directly from cans containing glue. Lower socio‐economic status, overcrowding, lack of attention by working parents, school failure and easy availability of the glue were commonly cited associated factors.
RISK FACTORS IN AUSTRALIANS: NATIONAL HEART FOUNDATION'S RISK FACTOR PREVALENCE STUDY, 1980
Authors: HODGE R. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The National Heart Foundation's Risk Factor Prevalence Survey in 1980 is described. Results for the prevalence of hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity and inactivity from the 1980 survey are presented. A second study was conducted in 1983 and a third is planned for 1986 or later. These surveys provide unique data on risk factors in Australians, and hold the prospect of determining trends which may be relevant to overall mortality trends in cardiovascular disease.
HEPATITIS B INFECTION AMONG STD CLINIC PATIENTS IN SYDNEY
Authors: CHRISTOPHER P. J. , CREWE E. B. , MAILER P. T. , MURPHY A. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Evidence of current or past infection with hepatitis B has been studied in 809 patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted diseases in Sydney by assaying serological markers. Prevalence rates were 13.9% among male heterosexuals; 13.5% among female heterosexuals; 30.7% among female prostitutes; 64.3% among male homosexuals and 47.1% among male bisexuals. The prevalence was 80% for male homosexuals aged 36 years or more. Vaccination should be considered for persons at high risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis B, and it is the immunization of this group that is likely to have a major impact on this disease.
FAMILIAL MYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MARFANOID FEATURES AND MULTICORES
Authors: JOYCE D. A. , MASTAGLIA F. L. , OJEDA V. J. , SPAGNOLO D. V. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The cases of a mother and son with a slowly progressive generalised myopathy and Marfanoid features are described. Muscle biopsies showed atrophy, type 1 fibre preponderance, excessive variation in fibre size and shape, and multiple foci of myofibrillar disorganisation with loss of oxidative enzyme activity of the type found in multicore disease.
CULTURE NEGATIVE INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: ABRAHAM A. K. , NEUTZE J. M. , MacCULLOCH D. , CORNERE B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Twenty cases of culture negative infective endocarditis admitted to the Cardiology Department of Green Lane Hospital from 1959 to 1980 out of a total of 265 cases (7.5%), were analysed retrospectively. Cases were included only when adequate proof of endocarditis was available at surgery or postmortem. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics before taking blood cultures was the most common association with failure to obtain positive cultures, seen in 16 of the 20 patients described. Failure to obtain positive cultures in four cases was attributed to inadequate bacteriologic techniques before 1967. Where no antibiotics were given prior to collecting blood cultures and bacteriologic techniques were adequate, proven culture negative endocarditis was virtually unknown. When antibiotics have been given, repeated blood cultures are recommended following withdrawal of antibiotics for at least four days.
SUBACUTE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DUE TO CARCINOMATOUS MICROEMBOLISM
Authors: RAPER R. F. , ROGLEFF B. R. A. , VANDENBERG R. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A 43 year old female was admitted to hospital with severe pulmonary hypertension and cardiogenic shock. She had a two week history of dyspnea only. Resuscitative measures proved unsuccessful and she died ten hours after admission. Post mortem examination indicated that the pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure were due to endarteritis secondary to widespread carcinomatous microembolisation from adenocarcinoma of the lung.
GlANT CELL ARTERlTlS DIAGNOSED FOLLOWING ARM CLAUDICATION
Authors: PETRIE J. P. , SHEPPEARD H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A patient is described whose initial symptoms, though suggestive of polymyalgia rheumatica, were attributed to psoriatic arthritis, and whose subsequent development of claudication of the left arm led to the biopsy proven diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. Attention is drawn to widespread arterial involvement by giant cell arteritis which, though uncommon, must be considered in all patients with ischemic limb pain. In addition, the consequences of overlooking polymyalgia rheumatica as an early manifestation of giant cell arteritis are outlined.
EFFECTIVE ORAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE WITH APD (3‐AMINO‐I‐HYDROXYPROPYLIDENE‐1,1‐BISPHOSPHONATE); A COMPARISON WITH COMBINED CALCITONIN + EHDP (1 ‐HYDROXYETHYLIDENE‐1,1 ‐BISPHOSPHONATE)
Authors: FRASER T. R. C. , IBBERTSON H. K. , HOLDAWAY I. M. , RUTLAND M. , KING A. , DODD G. , WATTIE D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Ten patients with severe Paget's disease of bone and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) >900 IU/I were treated for six months with the oral diphosphonate APD, (3‐amino‐1‐hydroxypropylidene‐1,1‐bisphosphonate). By the end of the treatment period there was a reduction in the log mean urine hydroxyproline (uHP) and the log mean SAP of 92% and 87% respectively. In four patients both SAP and uHP fell to within the normal range and remained normal for at least six months after therapy was stopped. Bone scintigraphy showed a fall in 99mTc‐MDP uptake in sites of active Paget's disease in all patients and histomorphometry showed no increase in osteoid. Repair of radiological osteolytic lesions was observed in 6/6 patients and progression of tibial osteolytic wedges was arrested in 5/5 patients and reversed in four. This improvement persisred six months after completion of therapy but further wedge progression occurred in one patient whose urine HP remained elevated.There were no serious effects though five patients complained of nausea. The clinical and biochemical responses to APD were equivalent to those observed in the same patients during a previous six month course of combined therapy with human calcitonin (CT) + EHDP except that there was additional biochemical and radiological evidence of bone healing. This study confirms PAD as an effective treatment of severe Paget's disease of bone.
MUTATION FREQUENCY IN NURSES AND PHARMACISTS WORKING WITH CYTOTOXIC DRUGS
Authors: CHRYSOSTOMOU A. , SESHADRI R. , MORLEY A. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Individuals occupationally exposed to cytotoxic drugs may be at risk owing to the effects of these agents on DNA. As an index of DNA damage, in vivo mutations were measured in lymphocytes from 24 oncology nurses or pharmacists and 24 matched controls. Mutation frequency was significantly increased in exposed individuals and appeared to be related to duration of exposure. However, the overall magnitude of the increase was small and its biological significance remains to be determined.
RENAL FAILURE IN INFANCY DUE TO OVER‐PRODUCTION OF URATE
Authors: BATCH J. A. , RIEK R. P. , GORDON R. B. , BURKE J. R. , EMMERSON B. T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:This report concerns a three month old infant who was failing to thrive. Renal insufficiency was demonstrated and attributed to aortic coarctation. However, surgical correction of the coarctation failed to correct the renal insufficiency completely and disproportionate hyperuricemia was noted. Excessive urinary excretion of uric acid was found and a moderate deficiency (6% of normal) of hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) was demonstrated. When the urate over‐production was corrected with allopurinol, renal function returned to normal and the child became well. The importance of over‐production of urate and the resultant excessive urinary excretion of uric acid as a treatable cause of acute or persistent renal insufficiency is stressed.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF FECAL OCCULT BLOOD
Authors: McDonald C. A. , BURFORD Y. , YUEN A. C. , WALLS R. S. , GOULSTON K. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:An immunochemical test for fecal occult blood has been evaluated. It has been found to be specific for human hemoglobin and to be reproducible, accurate and four times more sensitive than chemical occult blood tests. Storage of prepared slides at ‐20°C prevented reduction in sensitivity. To determine the effect of blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract, six volunteers ingested 100 ml of their own blood. Positive chemical, but no positive immunochemical tests were produced. In 20 healthy subjects, challenge with red meat and vegetables with high peroxidase content increased the positivity rate of chemical tests but had no effect on the positivity rate of the immunochemical test.The immunochemical method for fecal occult blood has advantages over chemical testing in that it IS specific for human blood and for lower gut bleeding. Its increased sensitivity should result in a high detection rate of colorectal neoplastic lesions. However, this same increased sensitivity may also reduce its effectiveness in bowel cancer screening because of positive results in patients with trivial blood loss from non‐neoplastic colonic sources.
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT IgM IN B CELL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
Authors: ROBERTS‐THOMSON P. J. , JONES D. N. , KOH L. Y. , NEOH S. H. , THOMAS M. , BRADLEY J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Circulating low molecular weight (LMW) IgM was demonstrated in five of 38 patients with B cell lymphoproliferative disorders. These five patients all had malignant disease and could be subdivided into two groups. In the first group were three patients, each with an associated serum IgM paraprotein; two had Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. and one lymphocytic lymphoma. The two patients of the second group did not have IgM paraproteins; one had lymphocytic lymphoma and one chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Both these patients also had acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, a previously recognised association with circulating LMW IgM. None of the 16 patients with benign IgM macroglobulinemia had circulating LMW IgM. In those positive sera with LMW IgM this moiety contributed between 10.5% and 37.5% of the total IgM. There was no apparent association between LMW IgM and total IgM levels, kappallambda typing or the presence of Bence Jones proteinuria. but rheumatoid factor, immune complexes and cryoglobulins occurred in many of the sera which contained LMW IgM. Pokeweed mitogen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two patients with circulating LMW IgM secreted considerable quantities of this moiety in vitrobut this did not occur in two patients with benign IgM macroglobulinemia.We conclude that LMW IgM is found in the malignant but riot the benign forms of B cell lymphoproliferative disorders and is frequently associated with other serological abnormalities. The basic abnormality causing defective IgM polymerisation in these disorders is obscure.
SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE): A REPORT OF 16 CASES
Authors: ROBBINS S. J. , APPLETON B. , FIUMARA F. , BURKE C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Sixteen cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were diagnosed at the Royal Children's and Mater Misericordiae Children's Hospitals in Brisbane from September 1974 to June 1983. Although the incidence of the disease with regard to age at onset, previous exposure to measles virus, and longevity was similar to that reported in the United States and Europe, the frequency of the illness was substantially higher in the present study. The high frequency of the disease in Queensland appears to reflect a relatively low level of immunity to measles virus in the population at risk.