bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐ultraviolet and physical properties of woolen fabrics cured with citric acid and TiO2/chitosan
Authors: Hsieh Sung‐Huang , Zhang Fang‐Ru , Li Hui‐Si 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis experiment is to research the chemical compositions of the crosslink of the woolen, oxidized with H2O2 of various concentrations and temperatures, cured with the citric acid and TiO2/chitosan liquid of different proportions, and then observed by means of Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectrometer (FT‐IR), Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), and Thermo‐Gravity Analyzer (TGA). Its antishrinkage, antimicrobes, antiultraviolet, strength, elasticity, softness, and yellowness are also investigated to study the changes in its physical properties. From the result, we can see, under the SEM, the sign of disappearance of woolen scales owing to the destruction by H2O2 oxidization; the more H2O2 and its oxidization temperature, the more serious their destruction. The phenomenon of crosslink is not obvious after oxidization and curing treatment with TiO2/chitosan, but it somehow apparently happens to the woolen surface. Because TiO2/chitosan does not intertwine with the woolen well, which has few effects of heat, the woolen shrinks less with more H2O2 and oxidization temperatures. Its antishrinkage is better. But the more wash, the more shrinkage. However, TiO2 covered with chitosan catches less sunlight, and thus cannot suppress or even kill microbes. The woolen processed with nanometer TiO2 enhances the effect of antiultraviolet, which is better as the density of TiO2 increases. The strength and elasticity of the woolen are worse for more H2O2 and the higher temperature destroy scales and make the woolen coarse, yellow,and less soft. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4311–4319, 2006
Influence of the temperature profile in the interface on the bond strength of polyamide–polyurethane two‐component tensile bars
Authors: Pompe G. , Bräuer M. , Schweikle D. , Nagel J. , Hupfer B. , Lehmann D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo‐component tensile bars with polyamide 6 (PA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) unmodified and modified with 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) have been investigated. It is known that the bond strength of PA/TPU tensile bars can increase by about 50% if MDI‐modified polyurethane is applied. The subject of these studies is the analysis of the influence of the mass temperatures on the bond strength. The mass temperatures of the first and second injection process and the delay time between the first and second injection processes determine the temperature gradient in the interface at the moment of the second injection. There is an increase in the bond strength when there is an increasing temperature gradient; therefore, the mass temperature of the first component at the delay time has to be lower than the mass temperature of the second component. The temperature gradient can be used as a measure of the thermal annealing of the first component near the interface during the heat transfer from the second component. It can be concluded that effective thermal annealing causes an increase in the bond strength. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4297–4305, 2006
Organic–inorganic hybrid materials. II. Preparation and properties of higher silica containing polycarbonate–silica hybrid materials
Authors: Arakawa Motoomi , Sukata Kazuaki , Shimada Masayuki , Agari Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe sol–gel reaction of a polycarbonate (PC) oligomer having triethoxysilyl groups at both ends of the PC chain (PCS) with a tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane oligomer provided transparent or semitransparent films of higher silica containing organic–inorganic hybrid materials (HSPC‐HMs). The films were superior to those from PC and from PCS in terms of the morphological homogeneity, heat resistance, and surface hardness. The HSPC‐HM films had minimum oxygen permeability at a PCS/tetraethoxysilane ratio of 3/7. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4273–4279, 2006
Different factors in the supercritical CO2‐assisted grafting of poly(acrylic acid) to polypropylene
Authors: Hou Zhenzhong , Xu Qun , Peng Qi , Li Jianbo , Fan Haijuan , Zheng Shijun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe grafting of poly(acrylic acid) to polypropylene was realized with supercritical CO2 as a substrate swelling agent and a monomer/initiator carrier. The effects of different supercritical CO2‐assisted impregnation conditions on the substrate mass increment and grafting efficiency were studied. The original isotactic polypropylene and the grafting product were characterized through IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4280–4285, 2006
Role of pretreatment with potassium permanganate and urea on mechanical and degradable properties of photocured coir (Cocos nucifera) fiber with 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate
Authors: Khan Mubarak A. , Hassan M. Masudul , Taslima Rownak , Mustafa A. I. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCoir fibers were modified with 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) using ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Concentration of HDDA, soaking time, and radiation dose were optimized and found to be 30% HDDA in methanol along with photoinitiator Irgacure‐500 (2%) and 120 min of soaking time registered as the better performance (polymer loading (PL) 7%, tensile strength factor, Tf = 1.50). Urea of different concentrations (0.5–2%) were incorporated with 30% HDDA to monitor its effect on the properties and 1% urea produced the best results (PL = 25%, Tf = 1.82). For the improvement of the properties, the fibers were subjected to surface treatment with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) of different concentrations at various treating times. Enhanced properties (PL = 86%. Tf = 4.42) of the fibers treated with KMnO4 (0.05%) were obtained. The KMnO4 treated fibers were again treated with HDDA (30%) solution along with urea (1%) and found to produce the best results (PL = 100%, Tf = 4.5). Water uptake and degradable properties of the treated and virgin fibers were obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4361–4368, 2006
Interfacial reaction and its influence on phase morphology and impact properties of modified‐polyacetal/thermoplastic polyurethane blends
Authors: Kawaguchi Kuniaki , Tajima Yoshihisa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe cationic polymerization of 1,3,5‐trioxane, 1,3‐dioxolane and a small amount of 2‐hydroxyacetic acid (HAA) was carried out, and the resulting modified‐polyacetal (POM) was blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in melt. The results of 1H NMR analysis indicated that HAA was almost incorporated in the modified‐POM, and that the resulting carboxyl end‐group and hydroxyl end‐group in the modified‐POM reacted with TPU during the melt blending. There were many boundary layers between the cavities and matrix in the modified‐POM/TPU (82/18 by weight) blend that was etched with tetrahydrofuran (THF), and the diameter of the cavities became ∼0.3–1 μm long when the blending time reached 10 min. The results of scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the modified‐POM/TPU blend had a good compatibility because of the interfacial reaction between the modified‐POM and TPU phase in the blend. The modified‐POM/TPU blend exhibited higher Charpy impact strength when compared with a normal‐POM/TPU blend; the toughness of the modified‐POM/TPU blend attributed to the good compatibility between the two phases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4375–4382, 2006
Chemical silver plating on polyester/cotton blended fabric
Authors: Jiang S. Q. , Newton E. , Yuen C. W. M. , Kan C. W. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemical plating is a metallizing process that can impart unique properties to textile fabrics. It has great potential for use in textile production, especially in the functional and decorative aspects. The present study examined the feasibility of applying chemical silver plating to a polyester/cotton blended fabric (T/C fabric) as well as investigating the properties of the silver‐plated T/C fabric. It was found that chemical silver plating helped to produce T/C fabric with a novel appearance and to improve its performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4383–4387, 2006
Controlled hierarchical assembly of switchable DNA–multiprotein complexes
Authors: Sroga Grazyna E. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDirected, biologically‐driven self‐assembly has the potential to yield hybrid multicomponent architectures with applications ranging from sensors and diagnostics to catalysts and responsive materials. To enable these applications, it is critical to gain control over the precise orientation and geometry of biomolecules interacting with one‐another and with surfaces. Such control has thus far been difficult to achieve in even the simplest biomolecular designs. We report a novel methodology for the design and synthesis of functional, oriented, and reversibly switchable hierarchical assemblies at the nanoscale using DNA–protein and protein–protein interactions. The biomolecular assembly relies on the highly selective recognition between transcription factors (TFs) and their cognate DNA motifs that serve as transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) along with the calmodulin (CaM)–calmodulin binding peptide (CBP) interaction that is regulated by Ca2+. Through these two types of controllable interactions, we achieved the sequential and hierarchical self‐assembly of multiprotein complexes complete with embedded fluorescence and catalytic capabilities, which may serve as a paradigm for multifunctional assemblies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of dissolved oxygen on the production and the glycosylation profile of recombinant human erythropoietin produced from CHO cells
Authors: Restelli Veronica , Wang Ming‐Dong , Huzel Norman , Ethier Martin , Perreault Helene , Butler Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHuman recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was produced from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with the human EPO gene. The cells were grown in batch cultures in controlled bioreactors in which the set‐points for dissolved oxygen varied between 3% and 200%. The cell‐specific growth rate and final cell yield was significantly lower under hyperoxic conditions (200% DO). However, there was no significant difference in growth rates at other oxygen levels compared to control cultures run under a normoxic condition (50% DO). The specific productivity of EPO was significantly lower at a DO set‐point of 3% and 200% but maintained a consistently high value between 10% to 100% DO. The EPO produced under all conditions as analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis showed a molecular weight range of 33 to 37 kDa and a low isoelectric point range of 3.5 to 5.0. This corresponds to a highly glycosylated and sialylated protein with a profile showing at least seven distinct isoforms. The glycan pattern of isolated samples of EPO was analyzed by weak anion exchange (WAX) HPLC and by normal‐phase HPLC incorporating sequential digestion with exoglycosidase arrays. Assigned structures were confirmed by mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS). The most prominent glycan structures were core fucosylated tetranntenary with variable sialylation. However, significant biantennary, triantennary, and non‐fucosylated glycans were also identified. Detailed analysis of these glycan structures produced under variable dissolved oxygen levels did not show consistently significant variations except for the ratio of fucosylated to non‐fucosylated isoforms. Maximum core fucosylation (80%) was observed at 50% and 100% DO, whereas higher or lower DO levels resulted in reduced fucosylation. This observation of lower fucosylation at high or low DO levels is consistent with previous data reported for glycoprotein production in insect cells. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ASCA: analysis of multivariate data obtained from an experimental design
Authors: Jansen Jeroen J. , Hoefsloot Huub C. J. , van der Greef Jan , Timmerman Marieke E. , Westerhuis Johan A. , Smilde Age K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecently analysis of variance (ANOVA)‐simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) has been introduced as an explorative tool for the analysis of multivariate data with an underlying experimental design [Smilde et al. Bioinformatics 2005; 21: 3043–3048]. This paper focuses on the general methodological framework of ASCA. The drawbacks of other methods for the analysis of this type of data are discussed, as well as the advantages of ASCA above these other methods. Three case studies are used to illustrate the use of ASCA. The relationship between ASCA and several other multivariate data analysis techniques is demonstrated. Finally, possible extensions for ASCA are presented, including multiway analysis and multivariate regression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A strategy for finding relevant clusters; with an application to microarray data
Authors: Berget Ingunn , Mevik Bjørn‐Helge , Vebø Heidi , Næs Tormod 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCluster analysis is a helpful tool for explorative analysis of large and complex data. Most clustering methods will, however, find clusters also in random data. An important aspect of cluster analysis is therefore to distinguish real and artificial clusters, as this will make interpretation of the clusters easier. In some cases, certain types of clusters are more interesting than others. When working with gene expression data, examples of such clusters are gene clusters with high between‐sample variability or clusters with a certain expression profile. Here we present a strategy with the ability to search for such clusters. The clustering is done sequentially. For each sequence, the data is separated into ‘interesting’ and ‘rest’ using the fuzzy c‐means algorithm with noise clustering. The interesting cluster is defined by adding a penalty function to the usual clustering criterion. The penalty function is constructed in such a way that clusters without the interesting properties are given a high penalty. The strategy is presented in a general frame, and can be adjusted by defining different criteria for each type of cluster that is of interest. The methodology is presented and demonstrated in the context of microarray gene expression analysis, using real and simulated data, but can be used for any type of data where cluster analysis may be a helpful tool. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectrum analysis by recursively pruned extended auto‐associative neural network
Authors: Linker Raphael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA method for automatic analysis of high‐dimensional spectra is presented. The method is based on a so‐termed extended auto‐associative neural network, which is an auto‐associative (bottleneck) neural network with an additional output that corresponds to the response variable of interest. The input of the neural network consists of the absorbance at selected wavelengths. Once the model has been calibrated, the contribution of each input is estimated, the least contributing input and the corresponding output are removed (pruned), and the training procedure is repeated. This procedure leads to a compact non‐linear mapping between the absorbance at a few wavelengths and the response variable of interest. The auto‐associative architecture of the model prevents the overparametrization and overfitting that occur in straightforward mapping between spectra and variable of interest. Overparametrization and overfitting are further reduced by retaining only the inputs required for predicting the variable of interest. The method is illustrated on two case studies involving mid‐infrared absorbance spectra. The results are compared to those obtained with partial least squares (PLS) and principal component analysis (PCA) followed by a neural network. In both case studies, the proposed approach leads to models with fewer parameters and smaller prediction errors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of methods for testing differences in predictive ability
Authors: Cederkvist Henrik René , Aastveit Are Halvor , Næs Tormod 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the comparison of methods for testing difference in prediction ability of regression‐based predictors. Focus is on both parametric and non‐parametric methods. Comparisons are done using the bootstrap based on residuals from real data sets. The power of the methods for different alternatives is the main tool for evaluating the properties of the methods. The main conclusion from the bootstrap simulations is that the most suitable method seems to be two‐way analysis of variance of the absolute values of the prediction errors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introducing multi‐dimensional ‘hybrid wavelets’ for enhanced evaluation of hyperspectral image cubes and multi‐way data sets
Authors: Vogt Frank , Cramer Jeff , Booksh Karl 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMulti‐dimensional wavelet transforms (WTs) have been introduced for efficient data compression in order to accelerate chemometric calculations and to reduce requirements for data storage space. For hyphenated measurement techniques or hyperspectral imaging this wavelet compression becomes vital because such sensors acquire unprecedented amounts of information in short periods of time. Conventional, multi‐dimensional wavelet compression uses the same wavelet for all dimensions. However, from a mathematical perspective there is no need for this restriction as the transforms in different dimensions are independent from each other. This manuscript presents multidimensional ‘hybrid wavelet transforms’, which utilize different wavelet types for different dimensions. Thus, hybrid wavelets optimize wavelet compression by adjusting WTs to the different types of data sets. In this manuscript we demonstrate that hybrid wavelets improve acceleration factors compared to conventional multi‐dimensional wavelet compression and determine more precise models. Combinations of Haar, Daub4, Daub6, Daub8, Daub10, Daub12, Daub14, Daub16, Daub18 and Daub20 wavelets are considered in this study. Data obtained with two different experimental techniques are used for assessing hybrid wavelet compression: (i) a data cube obtained by means of mid‐infrared hyperspectral imaging; (ii) data acquired by excitation‐emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy in photo‐catalytic studies. For the hyperspectral data cube hybrid wavelets were found, which are superior regarding acceleration and model quality to all 10 conventional WTs (Haar–Daub20). For the EEM example this was achieved in 9 out of 10 cases; thus in 19 out of 20 investigated cases hybrid WTs were found to be superior to conventional wavelet compression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile, alternative route to Lubeluzole, its enantiomer, and the racemate
Authors: Bruno Claudio , Carocci Alessia , Catalano Alessia , Cavalluzzi Maria M. , Corbo Filomena , Franchini Carlo , Lentini Giovanni , Tortorella Vincenzo 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLubeluzole [(S)‐9] has been synthesized by a convergent synthesis, alkylation ofN‐methyl‐N‐piperidin‐4‐yl‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐amine (4) with (+)‐(R)‐1‐chloro‐3‐(3,4‐difluorophenoxy)propan‐2‐ol [(+)‐(R)‐8] being the key step. Alcohol (+)‐(R)‐8was obtained from commercially available (R)‐epichlorohydrin [(R)‐6], while the thiazole derivative4was easily obtained starting fromN‐protected piperidin‐4‐one (1) in a three‐step procedure. The same method was used in order to obtain both the (R)‐stereoisomer of lubeluzole [(R)‐9] and its racemate [(RS)‐9]. Overall yields ranged from 20% to 35%. The enantiomeric excess values for (S)‐9and (R)‐9were 97% and 94% respectively, as analyzed by chiral HPLC. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid‐state ESR differentiation between racemate versus enantiomer
Authors: Levkin Pavel A. , Kokorin Alexander I. , Schurig Volker , Kostyanovsky Remir G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNoticeable differences between solid‐state ESR spectra of enantiopure and racemic single crystals as well as powders of 2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐3‐carboxamide‐1‐oxyl have been observed. Possible reasons of this fact are proposed. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on the metastable zone width of ketoprofen
Authors: Lu Ying Hong , Ching Chi Bun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWith increasing awareness for the need of pure enantiomer drugs, strong emphasis has been focused on the research of chiral drug separation. Compared with other separation methods, crystallization is a simple and economical method, and the metastable zone width (MSZW) is a very important factor for the entire crystallization process. In this paper, the effects of the metastable zones of (R,S)‐ and (S)‐ketoprofen and a 0.94 mole fraction of (S)‐ketoprofen in order to enhance the MSZW were studied. Four main factors were studied, namely, temperature, cooling rate, stirring rate, and volume ratio of mixed solvent (water/ethanol). Through the L9 fractional experiment design, it was observed that all samples' MSZWs would increase with an increase in cooling rate and decrease with an increase in the ethanol volume ratio and temperature. The ethanol ratio may have the strongest effect on the process and can greatly enhance the metastable zone, and the other three factors influence the MSZW only slightly. In conclusion, the these four factors for enhancing MSZW have been optimized: water‐to‐ethanol volume ratio, 1:0.6; temperature, 20°C; stirring rate, 700 rpm; and cooling rate, 12.0°C/h. All of these results will be helpful for the following chiral separation of ketoprofen by crystallization. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MARCO, an innate activation marker of macrophages, is a class A scavenger receptor for Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Chen Yunying , Sankala Marko , Peiser Leanne , Pikkarainen Timo , Kraal Georg , Tryggvason Karl , Gordon Siamon 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe scavenger receptor‐A I/II (SR‐A) and macrophage receptor with collagenous domain (MARCO) share a common domain organisation and ligand repertoire, including selected polyanions and gram‐positive and ‐negative organisms, but differ in fine specificity of ligand binding, tissue distribution and regulation. Neisseria meningitidis (NM) is a selective ligand for SR‐A, but there is evidence for an additional SR‐A‐independent, polyanion‐sensitive component for NM recognition. We therefore studied the relative contribution of MARCO and SR‐A to binding of NM by resident and elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from MARCO–/–, SR‐A–/– and SR‐A‐MARCO–/– mice. Results confirmed that both mouse and human MARCO are able to bind NM independently of NM LPS. MARCO and SR‐A contributed independently to NM binding, correlating with their expression levels in different cell populations, but neither of these two molecules was required for release of TNF‐α and nitric oxide. We propose that the TLR‐dependent induction of MARCO by innate immune stimulation enhances recognition and uptake of pathogenic organisms such as NM, thus contributing to host defence against infection.