bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled interleukin 2
Authors: Signore Alberto , Chianelli Marco , Ferretti Elisabetta , Toscano Anna , Britton Keith E , Andreani Domenico , Gale Edwin AM , Pozzilli Paolo 
Published: December 2008

Signore A, Chianelli M, Ferretti E, Toscano A, Britton KE, Andreani D, Gale EAM, Pozzilli P. New approach for in vivo detection of insulitis in type I diabetes: activated lymphocyte targeting with 123I-labelled interleukin 2. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:431–7. ISSN 0804–4643
Insulitis is considered the histopathological hallmark of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, diabetes has never been observed in the absence of insulitis. The in vivo detection of insulitis could be of relevance for early prediction of diabetes. As approximately 15% of islet-infiltrating lymphocytes express interleukin 2 receptors, we have labelled recombinant interleukin 2 with 123I and used this radiopharmaceutical to detect insulitis by gamma camera imaging. We studied 71 prediabetic NOD and 27 normal Balb/c mice. Labelled α-lactalbumin was used as the control protein. In the first set of experiments we studied the tissue distribution of radiolabelled interleukin 2 in isolated organs from animals sacrificed at different time points. Higher radioactivity was detected in the pancreas of NOD mice injected with labelled interleukin 2, as compared to NOD mice receiving labelled α-lactalbumin (p < 0.003 at 20 min; p< 0.001 at 40 min; p< 0.0001 at 60 min) or Balb/c mice injected with labelled interleukin 2 (p< 0.05 at 40 min; p< 0.001 at 60 min). In another set of experiments, gamma camera images have been acquired after injection of 123I-labelled interleukin 2. Radioactivity in the pancreatic region of prediabetic NOD and Balb/c mice showed similar kinetics to those observed by single organ counting, with higher accumulation in the pancreatic region of NOD mice (p < 0.04 after 22–45 min in NOD mice vs Balb/c mice). Finally, a positive correlation was found between the radioactivity in the pancreas and the extent of lymphocytic infiltration (p < 0.01 for pancreas radioactivity counted in vitro and p< 0.004 for pancreas radioactivity counted in vivo by gamma camera). This study demonstrates that 123I-labelled interleukin 2 administered iv accumulates specifically in the inflamed pancreas of diabetes-prone NOD mice, suggesting its potential application in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
A Signore, Servizio Speciale di Medicina Nucleare, II Clinica Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
Basal secretory activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis is enhanced in healthy elderly. An assessment during undisturbed night-time sleep
Authors: Dodt Christoph , Theine Karl-Josef , Uthgenannt Dirk , Born Jan , Fehm Horst Lorenz 
Published: December 2008

Dodt C, Theine K-J, Uthgenannt D, Born J, Fehm HL. Basal secretory activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis is enhanced in healthy elderly. An assessment during undisturbed nighttime sleep. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:443–50. ISSN 0804–4643
The process of aging is characterized by a disturbed neuroendocrine regulation, including a changed secretory activity of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. In the present study adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol secretion was monitored during nocturnal sleep (controlled by somnopolygraphy) in healthy aged men (N = 10, age range 70–92 years, mean 78.2 years) and women (N = 10, age range 70–88 years, mean 78.6 years), and in young male controls (N = 16, age range 20–34 years, mean 24.9 years). Blood was drawn every 15 min. Most important, basal HPA secretory activity was enhanced distinctly in the elderly, as indicated by significantly elevated nadirs of plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations occurring during early nocturnal sleep (p < 0.001, compared to young controls) and by elevated average levels of cortisol and ACTH between 23.00 and 03.00 h (p < 0.001). The first rise in nocturnal plasma cortisol began, on average, 67 min earlier than in young controls (p < 0.005). Changes of endocrine activity were associated with marked reductions of slow-wave sleep (SWS, p < 0.05) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the elderly (p < 0.01), while time awake and in stage 1 sleep was increased. The REM sleep coincided with decreased HPA secretory activity, irrespective of age, indicating that the link between the ultradian sleep structure and the secretory HPA activity is maintained in the elderly. It is concluded that the agerelated elevation of basal HPA secretory activity is of central nervous origin, leading to a phase advance of the circadian pacemaker and an elevation of the basal secretory rate of the HPA axis. Considering complementary results from animal studies, it is suggested that basal HPA hypersecretion associated with SWS deficits in the elderly are markers for an altered function of hippocampal corticosteroid receptors which are involved in the tonic inhibition of HPA secretory activity.
C Dodt, Klinische Forschergruppe "Klinische Neuroendokrinologie", Zentrum Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck. Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
Thyroid peroxidase immunodetection as a tool to assist diagnosis of thyroid nodules on fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: De Micco Catherine , Zoro Patricia , Garcia Stéphane , Skoog Lambert , Tani Edneia M , Carayon Pierre , Henry Jean-Francois 
Published: December 2008

De Micco C, Zoro P, Garcia S, Skoog L, Tani EM, Carayon P, Henry J-F. Thyroid peroxidase immunodetection as a tool to assist diagnosis of thyroid nodules on fine-need aspiration biopsy. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:474–9. ISSN 0804–4643
In a previous work we have reported the presence in 96.9% of malignant and 4.2% of benign thyroid tumors of an immunological abnormality of the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, impeding the fixation of the anti-thyroid peroxidase monoclonal antibody termed "MoAb47". The present study has been designed to establish the ability of thyroid peroxidase immunodetection to assist the diagnosis of malignancy in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodules. The fixation of anti-thyroid peroxidase monoclonal antibody was investigated by immunohistochemistry on fine-needle aspirates of 150 surgically removed thyroid nodules (20 papillary carcinomas, five follicular carcinomas, 90 colloid adenomas, nine fetal adenoma, 13 atypical adenomas, five oncocytic adenomas, six Hashimoto's thyroiditis and two Graves' disease). The percentage of positive cells has been compared to the final histological diagnosis. In samples from 113/125 benign nodules 80–100% cells presented a positive immunoreaction, whereas all samples from malignant tumors yielded less than 80% positive cells. Benign nodules exhibiting less than 80% positive cells corresponded to three degenerative colloid nodules, five atypical follicular adenomas, two oncocytomas and two thyroiditis. According to results obtained in this series, with the value of 80% as the limit for discrimination between benign and highrisk nodules, the sensitivity of thyroid peroxidase staining for diagnosis of malignancy would be 100%, its specificity 90% and its overall accuracy 92%. Thyroid peroxidase staining with monoclonal antibody MoAb47 on fine-needle aspirates is a useful adjunct to conventional cytology for the investigation of patients with thyroid nodules.
Catherine De Micco, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13916 Marseille Cedex 20, France
Thyrotropin receptor and leukocyte adhesion molecules in autoimmune thyroid disease: a study of their gene expression by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization
Authors: Schuppert Frank , Reiser Markus , Heldin Niels-E , Ede Sülke , Scheumann Georg FW , Dralle Henning , von zur Mühlen Alexander 
Published: December 2008

Schuppert F, Reiser M, Heldin N-E, Ede S, Scheumann GFW, Dralle H, von zur Mühlen A. Thyrotropin receptor and leukocyte adhesion molecules in autoimmune thyroid disease: a study of their gene expression by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:480–8. ISSN 0804–4643
In order to characterize the role of leukocyte-activating antigens and other immunological parameters in autoimmune thyroid disease, mRNA levels of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1, E-selectin), invariant chain (Ii) and the thymic hormone thymosin β4 (Tβ4) were investigated in 18 human thyroid glands, including eight Graves' thyroids, two Hashimoto's thyroids, two endemic goiters and six healthy controls. Northern blot analysis showed that in autoimmune thyroid disease, expression of ICAM-1 and Tβ4 was correlated to transcript levels of Ii, whereas in the healthy controls, expression of Tβ4, ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 was low or nearly absent. ELAM-1 and TSH receptor (TSH-R) expression, the latter serving as a thyroid specific marker, was increased in some diseased glands but showed no relation to the immunological parameters mentioned above. Localization of the specific mRNAs by in situ hybridization demonstrated a cell-specific expression of TSH-R (thyrocytes), ELAM-1 (vascular endothelial cells) and Tβ4 (cells of hematopoietic origin). In contrast, transcripts of Ii and ICAM-1 were found in thyrocytes, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Our results implicate a coordinate expression of ICAM-1, Tβ4 and Ii in autoimmune thyroid disease, yielding distinct cellular expression patterns. Differential expression of ICAM-1. Ii and the TSH-R in thyroid epithelial cells indicates active regulatory events within the thyrocyte.
Frank Schuppert, Department of Clinical Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Strasse 8, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
Evaluation of somatostatin biosynthesis, somatostatin receptors and tumor growth in murine medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ouazzani L , Reubi JC , Volle GE , Lausson S , Pidoux E , Moukhtar MS , Treilhou-Lahille F 
Published: December 2008

Ouazzani L, Reubi JC, Volle GE, Lausson S, Pidoux E, Moukhtar MS, Treilhou-Lahille F. Evaluation of somatostatin biosynthesis, somatostatin receptors and tumor growth in murine medullary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:522–30. ISSN 0804–4643
Spontaneous medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) of old rat thyroids were analyzed for the expression of somatostatin and somatostatin binding sites in tumoral C cells in relation to the stage of tumor development, the mitotic activity of tumoral tissue and calcitonin biosynthesis as a marker of C cell differentiation. High levels of both immunoreactive somatostatin and its mRNA were detected in a subpopulation of tumoral C cells, gathered in areas suggesting a clonal proliferation and located preferentially at the periphery of the tumor. These cells also displayed high levels of calcitonin and its mRNA. However, many calcitonin immunoreactive cells showed no sign of somatostatin synthesis. The proliferative activity of the somatostatin-containing areas was low and slow compared to the areas lacking somatostatin production. However, it increased during the course of tumor growth. Somatostatin binding sites, measured with in vitro receptor autoradiography using 125I-[Tyr3]-octreotide or 125I-[Leu8, dTrp22, Tyr25]SS-28, were not detected in any of the MTCs tested. In rat MTC cells, somatostatin was associated with differentiation and slow proliferation, two parameters inversely correlated with the progression of malignancy. As expected, owing to the highly regulated secretion of the differentiated endocrine cell type, its presence was correlated with low basal calcitonin levels. However, the absence of somatostatin binding sites on any type of MTC cells does not favor a direct autocrine regulation of this peptide in this murine model of human MTC.
F Treilhou-Lahille, Lab. Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Evolution, URA 1116 CNRS, Bât, 441, Université Paris-Sud Centre d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cédex, France
Acute stress- or lipopolysaccharide-induced corticosterone secretion in female rats is independent of the oestrous cycle
Authors: Guo Ai-Li , Petraglia Felice , Criscuolo Mario , Ficarra Guido , Nappi Rossella E , Palumbo Marco , Valentini Alberto , Genazzani Andrea R 
Published: December 2008

Guo A-L, Petraglia F, Criscuolo M, Ficarra G, Nappi RE, Palumbo M, Valentini A, Genazzani AR. Acute stress- or lipopolysaccharide-induced corticosterone secretion in female rats is independent of the oestrous cycle. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:535–9. ISSN 0804–4643
The aim of the present study was to test whether oestrous cycle is associated with the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function. Thus, corticosterone secretion in rats was investigated following lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acute cold-swimming or ether stress or synthetic corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) administration throughout the oestrous cycle. Moreover, plasma corticosterone response to cold-swimming stress or LPS administration also was studied at different times of day on pro-oestrus of di-oestrus-I. The following observations were obtained: the morning plasma corticosterone levels in control rats did not differ with the stage of the oestrous cycle; plasma corticosterone levels increased significantly following LPS administration (2 mg/kg, ip) or following acute exposure to cold (4°C)-swimming or ether stress. However, this increase in plasma corticosterone levels was not related to the stage of the oestrous cycle; synthetic CRF injection induced an increase in plasma corticosterone levels constant on di-oestrus-I and pro-oestrus; plasma corticosterone response to LPS administration or acute cold-swimming stress showed diurnal changes, with the lowest values at 18.00 h. which was independent of the oestrous cycle. By showing the unchanged corticosterone response to LPS, to acute stress and to exogenous CRF throughout the oestrous cycle, and the independence of the diurnal pattern of stress response on the oestrous cycle, the present study suggests that the oestrous cycle has no influence on the HPA activity under the present experimental conditions in rats.
Andrea R Genazzani, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy
Effect of liver damage on the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone
Authors: Kütemeyer Sylke , Schürmeyer Thomas H , von zur Mühlen Alexander 
Published: December 2008

Kütemeyer S, Schürmeyer TH, von zur Mühlen A. Effect of liver damage on the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:594–7. ISSN 0804–4643
By measuring the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in 48 patients with various degrees of disturbances in liver function, we could demonstrate a decrease in the metabolic clearance of this steroid by 53% if the activity of the plasma cholinesterase was lowered to less than 2 kU/l. Results suggest that the dosage of dexamethasone given for diagnostic or therapeutic purpose needs to be adjusted in such patients.
TH Schürmeyer, Abteilung klinische Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Konstanty-Gutschow-Str. 8, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
Induction of follicle maturation and ovulation by gonadotropin administration in women with β-thalassemia
Authors: Danesi Leila , Scacchi Massimo , Miragoli Anna M , Pincelli Angela I , Dubini Antonella , Maiolo Anna T , Cavagnini Francesco , Polli Elio E 
Published: December 2008

Danesi L, Scacchi M, Miragoli AM, Pincelli AI, Dubini A, Maiolo AT, Cavagnini F, Polli EE. Induction of follicle maturation and ovulation by gonadotropin administration in women with β-thalassemia, Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:602–6. ISSN 0804–4643
The objective of this paper was to assess the ability of gonadotropin administration to induce ovarian steroidogenesis, follicle maturation and ovulation in hypogonadal women affected by β-thalassemia. Thirteen hypogonadal thalassemic women underwent a test with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), with estimation of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. They were then administered human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) for a period ranging from 11 to 15 days with a total dose variable from 3300 to 4200 IU. In each patient, the initial dosage of 300 IU daily, adopted for the first 9 days, was modified subsequently according to the ovarian morphology, as shown by serial echographic examinations and by serum estradiol levels. In those patients in whom a dominant follicle was evidenced and the occurrence of pregnancy could be excluded, induction of ovulation was attempted by administration of 10000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). All patients displayed a reduced LH and FSH rise in response to GnRH. Upon hMG administration, they exhibited echographic evidence of follicular growth with a clear-cut increase of serum estradiol, which peaked between the 9th and the 16th day from the start of treatment. In two out of three patients in whom a dominant follicle developed, ovulation was induced successfully by hCG injection, as shown by the increase of serum progesterone and by the ultrasonographic demonstration of a corpus luteum. This study has shown that, by proper pharmacological stimulation, the steroidogenic function of the gonads and even ovulation can be reinstated in hypogonadal thalassemic women. A hypothalamic/pituitary defect appears to be the main cause of amenorrhea in these patients, although a condition of ovarian resistance is also likely.
Francesco Cavagnini, 2nd Chair of Endocrinology, University of Milan, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Luca, Centro Auxologico Italiano, via Spagnoletto 3, 20149 Milano, Italy
Tumour necrosis factor a during human pregnancy and labour: maternal plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations and release from intrauterine tissues
Authors: Laham Nihay , Brennecke Shaun P , Bendtzen Klaus , Rice Gregory E 
Published: December 2008

Laham N, Brennecke SP, Bendtzen K, Rice GE. Tumour necrosis factor α during human pregnancy and labour: maternal plasma and amniotic fluid concentrations and release from intrauterine tissues. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:607–14. ISSN 0804–4643
The aims of this study were: to quantify immunoreactive tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentrations in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid obtained from women during pregnancy and labour, both at term and preterm; and to establish the effects of bacterial endotoxin and cytokines on the in vitro release of TNF-α from intrauterine tissues. Maternal plasma TNF-α concentrations did not change during pregnancy (457.2 ± 102.9 ng/l, mean ± sem, N = 52) or at the time of labour (543.5 ± 138.6 ng/l, N = 43). In contrast, amniotic fluid TNF-α concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) during pregnancy (early pregnancy, EP, 93.0 ± 24.8 ng/l, N = 7; preterm not-in-labour, PNIL, 186.8 ± 42.9 ng/l, N = 16; term not-in-labour, TNIL, 499.7 ± 150.9 ng/l, N = 13) and in association with preterm labour (preterm in-labour, PIL, 958.7 ± 575.6 ng/l, N = 5 vs PNIL, 186.8 ± 42.9 ng/l, N = 16). Choriodecidual and placental explants (N = 3) maintained in in vitro culture released TNF-α Furthermore, the release of TNF-α-α was increased significantly (p < 0.05) by bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, 10 ng/l–10 mg/l) but was not affected by the following cytokines at the indicated doses: interleukin-1α (0.28 nmol/l), interleukin-6 (12.5 nmol/l), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (2.5 nmol/l), granulocyte–macrophage colonystimulating factor (35 nmol/l), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (1.2 nmol/l), leukaemia inhibitory factor (0.45 nmol/l) and transforming growth factor-β (0.4 nmol/l). The data obtained in this study are consistent with a role for TNF-α in both preterm labour and normal labour at term.
N Laham, Department of Perinatal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, 132 Grattan Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia 3053
Analysis of proteoglycan synthesis by retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts under the influence of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor-β
Authors: Imai Yumi , Ibaraki Kyomi , Odajima Ritsuko , Shishiba Yoshimasa 
Published: December 2008

Imai Y, Ibaraki K, Odajima R, Shishiba Y. Analysis of proteoglycan synthesis by retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts under the influence of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor-β Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:630–8. ISSN 0804–4643
Retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts are supposed to be responsible for the deposition of glycosaminoglycan in Graves' ophthalmopathy. We have reported in a preliminary fashion that interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) increased the rate of [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycans two to five times the control in culture of retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts. The increase in the rate of [ S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan will occur as a result of: (a) net increase of proteoglycan synthesis; (b) elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains; (c) increased number of glycosaminoglycan chains; (d) oversulfation of glycosaminoglycan chains; (e) increase in cell number; (f) decreased rate of degradation. We have analyzed which mechanism is important for the increase of [35S]sulfate into proteoglycans observed in human retro-ocular tissue fibroblasts under the influence of cytokines. The last two possibilities (e, f) were ruled out because during the observation period there was no consistent proliferation of the cells and no decrease in the rate of degradation of proteoglycan examined by pulse-chase experiment. Cytokines did not change the size of glycosaminoglycan chains released from proteoglycan as measured by alkaline borohydride treatment, ruling out (b). Disaccharide analysis by HPLC after chondroitin sulfate ABC digestion revealed that glycosaminoglycan mainly contains monosulfated chondroitin disaccharides and that oversulfation was not observed under the influence of IL-1β or TGF-β, ruling out (d). The capacity to synthesize glycosaminoglycan chain in the presence of an artifical acceptor of chain elongation, β-d-xylodide, was increased significantly by IL-1β but not obviously so by TGF-β. Thus, an increased number of glycosaminoglycan chains (c) is possible for IL-1β. A preliminary northern blot analysis employing probes for mRNAs for various proteoglycan core proteins showed increased expression of versican and aggrecan in the presence of IL-1β or TGF-β. This result supports the possibility of (a). In conclusion, IL-1β and TGF-β increased [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan by increasing the net increase of proteoglycan synthesis and possibly by increasing the number of glycosaminoglycan chains attached to core protein in the case of IL-1β.
Y Shishiba, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan