bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of CYPs and Transporters in the Biotransformation and Transport of
the Anti-hepatitis C Antiviral Agents Asunaprevir, Daclatasvir, and
Beclabuvir: Impact of Liver Disease, Race and Drug-drug Interactions on
Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Murray Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Asunaprevir, daclatasvir, and beclabuvir are direct-acting antiviral agents used in the treatment of
patients infected with hepatitis C genotype 1b. This article reviews the biotransformation and disposition of these
drugs in relation to the safety and efficacy of therapy. CYP3A4 and 3A5 catalyze the oxidative biotransformation
of the drugs, while P-glycoprotein mediates their efflux from tissues. Asunaprevir is also a substrate
for the influx transporters OATP1B1 and OATP2B1 and the efflux transporter MRP2, while beclabuvir is also
a substrate for the efflux transporter BCRP. Liver disease decreases the expression of CYPs and transporters
that mediate drug metabolism and disposition. Serum asunaprevir concentrations, but not those of daclatasvir
or beclabuvir, are increased in patients with severe liver disease, which may produce toxicity. Pharmacogenomic
variation in CYPs and transporters also has the potential to disrupt therapy with asunaprevir, daclatasvir and
beclabuvir; some variants are more prevalent in certain racial groups. Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions,
especially where asunaprevir, daclatasvir, and beclabuvir are victim drugs, are mediated by coadministered rifampicin,
ketoconazole and ritonavir, and are attributable to inhibition and/or induction of CYPs and transporters.
Conversely, there is also evidence that asunaprevir, daclatasvir and beclabuvir are perpetrators of drug
interactions with coadministered rosuvastatin and dextromethorphan. Together, liver disease, pharmacogenomic
variation and drug-drug interactions may disrupt therapy with asunaprevir, daclatasvir and beclabuvir due to
the impaired function of important CYPs and transporters.
Identification and Synthesis of Oxidative-Degradation and Starting
Materials-Attributed Impurities in Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate
Authors: Chaugule Suryabhan B. , Gole Pradeep L. , Haldankar Siddhesh , Kishore DVP , Bonde Nilesh L. , Kotharkar Sandeep A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Impurities are an integral part of drug substances, even though they have not been studied
in the pharmacological evaluation of the Benefit-Risk (BR) profiles. Hence, understanding their
origin and controlling them have prime importance during drug substance development. The structures
of some of the impurities in lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a central nervous system stimulant
drug, have been confirmed based on literature and analytical data. The study has been undertaken to
evaluate impurities arising from oxidative degradation and impurities due to material attributes. All
the listed impurities have been identified, synthesized, and characterized by spectral tools. We have,
herein, reported the synthesis of two oxidative degradant impurities, 2-hydroxylisdexamfetamine
dimesylate and 4-hydroxylisdexafetamine dimesylate. In addition, chiral isomeric impurities of
lisdexamfetamine dimesylate as (S,R), (R,S) and (R,R)-lisdexamfetamine dimesylate have also been
reported. These impurities have been identified, synthesized and a control strategy for mitigating risk
in lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is provided.
Additional Non-contrast CT to Portal Venous Phase is not Relevant for Patients
referred for Colonic Diverticulitis or Sigmoiditis Suspicion
Authors: Dray Bertille , Aubé Christophe , Boishardy Thomas , Besnier Louis , Darii Carolina , Bougard Marie , Paisant Anita 
Published: March 2024

Objective::
To evaluate the usefulness of unenhanced CT added to the portal venous phase in the diagnostic accuracy of acute colonic
diverticulitis/sigmoiditis.

Methods::
Between January 1st and December 31st, 2020, all consecutive adult patients referred to the radiology department for clinical suspicion of acute
colonic diverticulitis/sigmoiditis were retrospectively screened. To be included, patients must have undergone a CT with both unenhanced (UCT)
and contrast-enhanced portal venous phase CT (CECT). CT examinations were assessed for features of diverticulitis, complications, differential
diagnosis and incidental findings using UCT + CECT association, medical management, and follow-up as the reference. Radiation doses were
recorded on our image archiving system and assessed.

Results::
Of the 114 patients included (mean age was 67±18 years; 60% were female), 46 had acute colonic diverticulitis/sigmoiditis. No diagnosis of
sigmoiditis/diverticulitis, complication or differential diagnosis was missed with the CECT alone. Apart from diverticulitis, only one 2 mm meatal
urinary microlithiasis was missed with no impact on patient management. The confidence level in diagnosis was not increased by UCT. The
average DLP of CECT was 450 mGy.cm, and 382 mGy.cm for UCT. The use of a single-phase CECT acquisition allowed a reduction of 45.9% of
the irradiation.

Conclusion::
Unenhanced CT is not necessary for patients addressed with clinical suspicion of acute colonic diverticulitis/sigmoiditis, and CECT alone protocol
must be used.
Psychostimulant Medications for Physical Function and Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alotaibi Mansour , Almutairi Anwar B , Alhirsan Saleh , Alkazemi Afrah , Alharbi Maha , Alrashdi Naif , Taqi Ahmad , Alamiri Bibi , Vogtle Laura , Alqahtani Mohammed M 
Published: March 2024

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a prevalent nonprogressive disorder that leads to impaired movement (ie, spasticity), posture, and balance, which affects functions such as walking and upper extremity tasks. Current medical treatments show efficacy in improving motor performance but have considerable side effects. Emerging off-label use of central nervous system (CNS) medications for improving motor performance has shown promising results in children with CP and other populations.

Objective
The aim of this study is to describe a protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) and modafinil on spasticity and motor performance in children with CP.

Methods
This will be a protocol study for a pilot, triple-masked, placebo-controlled RCT (a class I trial following the American Academy of Neurology criteria) with blinded patients, outcome assessors, and intervention delivery team. Eligible children should be diagnosed with CP levels I or II based on the Gross Motor Function Classification System and be aged between 7 and 12 years. Thirty-six children with CP will be randomized into 3 groups to receive (1) MPH (2.5 mg of MPH + 100 mg placebo), (2) modafinil (100 mg modafinil + 2.5 mg placebo), or (3) a placebo (2.5 mg placebo + 100 mg placebo), in addition to physical therapy for 12 weeks. Primary outcomes include the Gross Motor Function Measure–66 and the Modified Ashworth Scale. Secondary outcomes include the Timed Up and Go test, 5 Time Sit to Stand test, Modified Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction of Balance, and 10-Meter Walk Test.

Results
The protocol has been accepted by Kuwait University (VDR/EC-225) and the Ministry of Health of Kuwait (2022/2157). The inclusion of participants will start in June 2024.

Conclusions
The combination of CNS stimulant medications and controlling for rehabilitation has not been studied yet. The findings of this study may determine if using CNS stimulant medications is beneficial for the reduction of spasticity and improvement of physical function in children with spastic CP.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05675098; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05675098

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/53728
Efektivitas Program Latihan Aerobik pada Penurunan Nyeri Dismenore Primer: Meta-analysis
Authors: Fadli Arif , Rustanti Marti , Windiastoni Yoga Handita 
Published: March 2024

Latar Belakang: Wanita dengan Dismenore Primer (DP) dapat merasakan nyeri hebat akibat hiperkontraktilitas saat menstruasi, hipoksia, dan iskemia otot rahim. Wanita dengan DP akan mengalami hambatan aktivitas belajar dan keseharian. Obat analgetik efektif menurunkan nyeri dismenore primer dengan efek samping mual dan muntah. Program latihan aerobik bisa menjadi solusi pengobatan nyeri DP tanpa efek samping.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas program latihan aerobik untuk pengurangan nyeri akibat dismenore primer.Metode: Systematic review dan meta-analisis artikel publikasi tahun 2013 s/d 2023 pada desain Randomized Control Trial di data based PubMed, GoogleScholar, OVID, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect. Program Revman 5.3 digunakan dalam analisis data dengan ukuran efek terapi pada penurunan nyeri DP.Hasil: 5 artikel dengan 312 wanita DP dimasukan sintesis meta-analisis. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa latihan aerobik efektif menurunkaan nyeri akibat dismenore primer dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol tanpa intervensi dengan ukuran efek terapi adalah besar (d= -2,03; CI= -3,37 – 0,69; P <0,00001).Kesimpulan: Program latihan aerobik efektif menurunkan nyeri akibat dismenore primer. Latihan aerobik dapat menurunkan nyeri melalui peningkatan sirkulasi darah sistemik yang disertai penurunan sensitifitas gerak akibat dismenore primer.
A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Medication-Taking Among People With Type 2 Diabetes Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Vallis Michael , Jin Susie , Klimek-Abercrombie Agnieszka , Ng Ginnie , Ivers Noah M. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
We aimed to better understand the challenges related to type 2 diabetes medication-taking through Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)-guided interviews with people with type 2 diabetes with varying degrees of medication-taking.

Methods
One-on-one qualitative interviews following a semistructured discussion guide informed by the TDF were conducted. Thirty people with type 2 diabetes in Canada were interviewed, with representation from across the country, of both sexes (47% female), of people with various diabetes durations (mean 12.9 ± 7.9 years), with different types of medication plans (n = 15 on polypharmacy), and with various medication-taking levels (n = 10 each for low-, medium-, and high-engagement groups).

Results
Themes related to medication-taking from interviews mapped to 12 of the 14 TDF theme domains, with the exclusion of the knowledge and skills domains. The most prominent domains, as determined by high-frequency themes or themes for which people with low and high medication-taking had contrasting perspectives, were 1) emotion; 2) memory, attention, and decision processes; 3) behavioral regulation; 4) beliefs about consequences; 5) goals; and 6) environmental context and resources.

Conclusion
Through our interviews, several areas of focus emerged that may help efforts to increase medication-taking. To validate these findings, future quantitative research is warranted to help support people with type 2 diabetes in overcoming psychological and behavioral barriers to medication-taking.
POTRET HUKUM DISKRIMINATIF ORDE BARU: TINJAUAN HUKUM DAN POLITIK ATAS DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP EKS TAHANAN POLITIK PKI
Authors: Munif Ashri Abdul , Syahwal Syahwal 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKArtikel ini merupakan telaah atas hukum perundang-undangan yang mendiskriminasi eks tahanan politik Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) selama rezim otoritarian Orde Baru berkuasa. Isu yang dikaji berkenaan dengan bentuk-bentuk umum diskriminasi yang dijustifikasi oleh hukum perundang-undangan Orde Baru, serta kepentingan politik rezim status-quo di balik pemberlakuan hukum diskriminatif tersebut. Telaah ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif (doktrinal) dengan pendekatan penelitian konseptual, perundang-undangan, dan historis, yang di sebelah itu turut mengandalkan teori hukum relevan yang terkait dengan hukum dan politik, serta sejarah hukum Indonesia. Pada garis konklusif yang ditarik, ditegaskan ulang bahwa eks tahanan politik PKI telah menjadi korban atas pelbagai diskriminasi formal, baik di bidang sipil dan politik, maupun ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Contoh bentuk umumnya ialah pembatasan hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam urusan pemerintah, sampai dengan pembatasan jenis pekerjaan yang dapat dikerjakannya. Hukum perundang-undangan diskriminatif tersebut diberlakukan sebagai salah satu modus rezim Orde Baru untuk mempertahankan legitimasi dan kekuasaannya.Kata kunci: diskriminasi; eks tahanan politik PKI; orde baru.
ABSTRACTThis article is a review of the laws that discriminated against ex-political detainees of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) during the authoritarian New Order regime era. The issues studied relate to the general forms of discrimination justified by the New Order statutory laws, and the political interests of the status-quo regime behind the enactment of such discriminatory laws. This study uses a normative (doctrinal) research method with a conceptual, statutory, and historical approach, which also uses relevant legal theories related to law and politics, as well as the history of Indonesian laws. In the conclusive line drawn, it is reaffirmed that ex-PKI political detainees have been victims of various formal discriminations, both in the civil and political, as well as in the economic, social, and cultural fields. Such examples of its general form are the restriction of the right to take part in the conduct of public affairs, to the limitation of the type of work those ex-political detainees could occupy. Those discriminatory laws were enacted as one of the New Order regime’s modus operandi to maintain its legitimacy and power.Keywords: discrimination; ex-PKI political detainees; new order.
MEDIA FOR EDUCATION MORAL VALUE BASED ON METAPHOR (MATSAL)
Authors: Subur Subur 
Published: March 2024

Matsal or metaphor can be a medium in learning moral values. By using this matsal information, messages conveyed by educators can be more easily understood and accepted by students. This study aims to explore various forms of matsal in text and daily life that can be used as a medium in learning moral values. Sources of data in this study were books and real objects that exist in everyday life. The study used documentation and observation for collecting the data. Data analysis was performed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that in books and daily life, there are a lot of objects that can be used as matsal containing educational values as a medium for learning moral values; namely land, water, wind, seeds, limbs, bees, iron, and trees. Thus, matsal-based media is considered more actual and factual because it is something that happens and lives in society. Matsal is not only a medium for presenting moral teaching but also for presenting moral touching. Keywords: Media, Learning, Moral values, Matsal.
A Review of the Management Process with the Mediating Role of the Budget Process on the Performance of Vietnamese SMEs
Authors: Vuong Khanh Tuan , Rajagopal Premkumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The SME sector has a large representation within Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC)-Vietnam and it provides a significant contribution in supporting the socio-economic benefits. SMEs in the manufacturing sector within HCMC that participate in the global markets, should embrace and adopt enhanced performance to maximize the overall benefits and outcomes. This will promote the efficient management of the enterprises’ overall internal resources in providing competitive equality with global corporations. Therefore, this empirical study analyses and reviews the management process that has adopted the mediating role of the budget process on the SMEs’ performance. Based on the review of theories and related studies, it is evidenced that, the management process has incorporated the core-factors namely; business planning, organizational commitment, strategy implementation, managerial control with mediating role of the budget process; these applied core-factors contribute significantly in supporting the SMEs performance within the manufacturing sector of HCMC. Additionally, the outcomes of this empirical study will provide the key-procedures for SMEs such as; high-value knowledge and concepts to restructure their overall management, to gain growth in performance, improve their management capacity, develop their enterprises’ sustainability into the new era.
The Expanding Role of Customer Knowledge Management and Brand Experience during the Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Mocanu Rares 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Customer knowledge management has begun to catch momentum due to de fact that companies started to understand the importance of customer knowledge on the overall customer and brand experience even though there is no appreciable consideration in this field of research. The business impact of COVID-19 and the crisis duration have seriously affected the execution of business and the expectations of customers, therefore many companies have to reconsider their communication actions and their offers, trying to find an empathic understanding of their customers based on classical data rather than data-driven by customer knowledge. This paper aims to help specialists to connect the points between brand experience and customer knowledge model, to understand the interconnections, composition, and framework of these conjunctions. The purpose of this study is to establish a consistent relation between brand experience and consumer knowledge by exploring the direct and indirect influence of comprehensive use of customer knowledge. An adjacent target of this study is to initiate a composed set of guidelines that will help specialists ensure the consistency of the brand experience providing consensus among practitioners in this new era of experience economy where too many brands offer a poor customer experience, even though most of them argue that experience management is their top priority.
Social Support and Work-Family Balance of Manufacturing Companies’ Employee with Self-Efficacy as a Mediator
Authors: Akanni Abimbola A. , Ajila Chris O. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Past studies reported that social support correlated with work-family balance. However, the role of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and work-family balance among the manufacturing sector employees is missing. Therefore, this study examined the indirect effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between social support and work-family balance. A sample of 456 (F=26.8%; mean age=31.55) manufacturing sector employees that were selected through the stratified sampling technique responded to the Work-Family Balance Scale, Social Support Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Scale. Results of the correlation analysis revealed that social support from family and co-workers positively associated with work-family balance. Self-efficacy was also found to relate positively to social support and work-family balance. Mediation analysis, using Hayes Process Macro, showed that self-efficacy had an indirect effect on the relationship between social support and work-family balance among employees of food and beverage companies. Improved social support from co-workers and family can assist manufacturing sector employees to balance the demands from both domains.
Over-the-Top Television Services and Changes in Consumer Viewing Patterns in South Africa
Authors: Tengeh Robertson Khan , Udoakpan Nokuphiwa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A significant change in consumer viewing habits has taken place globally with the introduction and growth of over-the-top television services (OTT TV). In the absence of scientific evidence on television consumer behavior viewership changes, this paper’s objective was to ascertain the television viewing patterns, given the rise of OTT TV services in South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a convenience sampling method. Online survey questionnaires were distributed on reputable social media networks and collected 391 responses. The study results suggest changes to TV consumption, in that more TV consumers are binge-watching and streaming content online. Furthermore, more than five hours a day are spent online consuming TV content, especially by male respondents. The sharing of OTT TV logon credentials with family and friends is prevalent across all demographic groups. The fundamental aspect of this paper is that it illuminates the rivalry between the Pay-Tv operators and OTT TV service providers while aiding the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to regulate the market.
Leveraging Intellectual Capital Management in Virtual Teams: What the Covid-19 Pandemic Taught Us
Authors: Cristea Georgiana , Dinu Elena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study undertakes a review of the scientific literature on the role and impact of Intellectual Capital (IC) with all its components (human, structural and relational capital) on Virtual Team (VT) work. As already proven in the discipline research, IC as a summum of organizational knowledge resources plays a fundamental role in the knowledge economy in sustaining competitive advantage, innovation and performance. Despite an abundance of papers investigating VTs from both a theoretical and empirical perspective, a surprising discovery has been made during this research. The extent of work dedicated to analysing the relationships between IC and VTs is minimal, notwithstanding the unprecedented expansion of the use of VTs since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. Following a first review of the extant literature regarding IC and VTs, a second literature review has been conducted for the benefit of revealing crucial aspects and the newest best practices in what concerns work in VTs. In doing so, the authors attempt to draw attention to the need for in-depth researches in the IC field, to catch up with the business, economic and societal most recent developments. Furthermore, this study aims to provide the practitioners with up-to-date, concise knowledge on the practical aspects relevant for the work in VTs.
Payment of Labour Wage for Construction Site Operations with Safety Risk
Authors: Okoye Peter Uchenna , Okolie Kevin Chuks , Nzeneri Oluchukwu Precious-Favour , Ohazulume Gilbert Chidi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The increasing rate of unsafe acts by construction workers during construction operations to earn more wages is raising new concerns due to its negative effects; including accidents on construction sites. This study, therefore, examined the relationship between the level of safety risk in different building construction operations/trades and methods of payment of wages for construction operatives to determine if the wage payment method was predicted by the level of risk in each operation. Prior to this, the study prioritised selected construction operations based on their safety risk level and rated the method of payment of wages for each operation based on their frequency of utilisation. A site-based survey was conducted using structured questionnaire and interview, administered to building tradesmen and labourers in South-East Nigeria. The study identified 12 high-risk level and 7 medium-risk level operations/trades. The study ranked roofing work as the riskiest building operation. It also found that negotiated lump sum, piece rate and time rate wage systems respectively, were the most prevalent wage payment systems in the payment of wages for operatives. Although the study also found that the level of risk has positive effect on the method of payment of wages (β = 0.214; t-stat = 0.640), it revealed that the level of risk involved in each operation/trade does not significantly predict the payment method used in payment of workers’ wages (F-Stat (0.409) < F-Critical (4.451); p (0.531) > 0.05). It identified negotiated lump sum wage payment method as an emerging wage payment system in Nigeria construction industry and suggested for further investigation to unravel the circumstances behind its high acceptance. The study then craved for review of existing labour laws in Nigeria to capture the new trends in the labour management of risky operations on construction sites.