bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video‐recorded participant behaviours: the association between food choices and observed behaviours from a web‐based diet history interview
Authors: Probst Y. C. , De Agnoli K. , Batterham M. , Tapsell L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground:  Automation of dietary assessments allows participant behaviour to be captured by video observation. It also allows clinicians to identify areas that effect reporting accuracy. The present observational study describes the differences in behaviour according to the type of foods selected by participants using a dietary assessment website encompassing diet history methodology.Methods:  Eleven free‐living adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were video recorded while using a dietary assessment website in a laboratory setting. Significant observable events were identified using TRANSANA software and matched for time of occurrence with grouped food item selections from the website. The frequency and proportion of behaviour types per food group were calculated and trends of associations between food groups and observed behaviour type were determined using weighted chi‐square analyses.Results:  Sixteen categories of observed behaviour type were constructed from 7724 significant observable events. The food groups with the highest percentage of observed behaviour types were savoury sauces (7.66%), takeaways (6.47%), sugary foods (6.27%), fats and oils (5.93%), and alcoholic beverages (5.93%), which are all socially undesirable food groups. Self‐touching of the face, head movement, postural movement and movement in the chair were observed significantly more often than other observed behaviour types across all food groups.Conclusions:  Behaviours related to the reporting of foods during a dietary assessment may have significant implications for dietary practice.
Human monoclonal IgG selection of Plasmodium falciparum for the expression of placental malaria‐specific variant surface antigens
Authors: SOERLI J. , BARFOD L. , LAVSTSEN T. , BERNASCONI N. L. , LANZAVECCHIA A. , HVIID L. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARY Pregnancy‐associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (PAM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in African women and their offspring. PAM is characterized by accumulation of infected erythrocytes (IEs) that adhere to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) in the placental intervillous space. We show here that human monoclonal IgG antibodies with specificity for variant surface antigens (VSA) specifically expressed by CSA‐adhering IEs (VSAPAM) can be used in vitro to select parasites from nonpregnant donors to express VSAPAM and that this selection for VSAPAM expression results in preferential transcription of var2csa. The results corroborate current efforts to develop PAM‐specific vaccines based on VAR2CSA.
Using combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate parameters of a biochemical C3 photosynthesis model: a critical appraisal and a new integrated approach applied to leaves in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) canopy
Authors: YIN XINYOU , STRUIK PAUL C. , ROMERO PASCUAL , HARBINSON JEREMY , EVERS JOCHEM B. , VAN DER PUTTEN PETER E. L. , VOS JAN 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTWe appraised the literature and described an approach to estimate the parameters of the Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry model using measured CO2 assimilation rate (A) and photosystem II (PSII) electron transport efficiency (Φ2). The approach uses curve fitting to data of A and Φ2 at various levels of incident irradiance (Iinc), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and O2. Estimated parameters include day respiration (Rd), conversion efficiency of Iinc into linear electron transport of PSII under limiting light [κ2(LL)], electron transport capacity (Jmax), curvature factor (θ) for the non‐rectangular hyperbolic response of electron flux to Iinc, ribulose 1·5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) CO2/O2 specificity (Sc/o), Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax), rate of triose phosphate utilization (Tp) and mesophyll conductance (gm). The method is used to analyse combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on leaves of various ages and positions in wheat plants grown at two nitrogen levels. Estimated Sc/o (25 °C) was 3.13 mbar µbar−1; Rd was lower than respiration in the dark; Jmax was lower and θ was higher at 2% than at 21% O2; κ2(LL), Vcmax, Jmax and Tp correlated to leaf nitrogen content; and gm decreased with increasing Ci and with decreasing Iinc. Based on the parameter estimates, we surmised that there was some alternative electron transport.
Over‐expression of OsIRT1 leads to increased iron and zinc accumulations in rice
Authors: LEE SICHUL , AN GYNHEUNG 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTUptake and translocation of micronutrients are essential for plant growth. These micronutrients are also important food components. We generated transgenic rice plants over‐expressing OsIRT1 to evaluate its functional roles in metal homeostasis. Those plants showed enhanced tolerance to iron deficiency at the seedling stage. In paddy fields, this over‐expression caused plant architecture to be altered. In addition, those plants were sensitive to excess Zn and Cd, indicating that OsIRT1 also transports those metals. As expected, iron and zinc contents were elevated in the shoots, roots and mature seeds of over‐expressing plants. This demonstrates that OsIRT1 can be used for enhancing micronutrient levels in rice grains.
A modular concept of plant foraging behaviour: the interplay between local responses and systemic control
Authors: DE KROON HANS , VISSER ERIC J. W. , HUBER HEIDRUN , MOMMER LIESJE , HUTCHINGS MICHAEL J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTIn this paper we examined the notion that plant foraging for resources in heterogeneous environments must involve: (1) plasticity at the level of individual modules in reaction to localized environmental signals; and (2) the potential for modification of these responses either by the signals received from connected modules that may be exposed to different conditions, or by the signals reflecting the overall resource status of the plant. A conceptual model is presented to illustrate how plant foraging behaviour is achieved through these processes acting in concert, from the signal reception through signal transduction to morphological or physiological response. Evidence to support the concept is reviewed, using selective root placement under nutritionally heterogeneous conditions and elongation responses of stems and petioles to shade as examples. We discussed how the adoption of this model can promote understanding of the ecological significance of foraging behaviour. We also identified a need to widen the experimental repertoires of both molecular physiology and ecology in order to increase our insight into both the regulation and functioning of foraging responses, and their relationship with the patterns of environmental heterogeneity under which plants have evolved.
Environmental perception avenues: the interaction of cytokinin and environmental response pathways
Authors: ARGUESO CRISTIANA T. , FERREIRA FERNANDO J. , KIEBER JOSEPH J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTCytokinins were discovered in the 1950s by their ability to promote cell division in cultured plant cells. Recently, there have been significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the biosynthesis, metabolism, perception and signal transduction of this phytohormone. These advances, coupled with physiological and other approaches, have enabled remarkable progress to be made in our understanding of the interactions between cytokinin function and environmental inputs. In this review, we first highlight the most recent advances in our understanding of cytokinin biosynthesis, metabolism and signalling. We then discuss how various environmental signals interact with these pathways to modulate plant growth, development and physiology.
Seed transmission ofMelon necrotic spot virusand efficacy of seed‐disinfection treatments
Authors: Herrera‐Vásquez J. A. , Córdoba‐Sellés M. C. , Cebrián M. C. , Alfaro‐Fernández A. , Jordá C. 
Published: January 2009

Rates of seed transmission ofMelon necrotic spot virus(MNSV) were estimated in seedlings grown from commercial melon (Cucumis melo) cv. Galia F1seeds. Seedlings at the cotyledon stage and adult plants were assayed for MNSV by DAS‐ELISA and RT‐PCR. None of the seedling groups tested positive for MNSV by ELISA. The proportion of seedlings infected with MNSV was at least 7 and 8% in seed lots 05 and 06, respectively, as estimated from RT‐PCR analysis of grouped seedlings. Fourteen and eight grouped samples (10 seedlings per group), of a total of 200 and 100 seedlings, respectively, grown from infected seeds were MNSV‐positive in seed lots 05 and 06, respectively, corresponding to seed‐to‐seedling transmission rates of 11·3 and 14·8%, respectively. Several seed‐disinfection treatments were evaluated for their ability to prevent seed transmission of MNSV. The results suggest that a treatment of 144 h at 70°C can be used to eradicate MNSV in melon seeds without hindering germination.
Non‐Rotated Midgut in a Dog
Authors: Kirk E. J. , Nutman A. W. , Murray S. L. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryMacroscopic observations of the partly‐dissected abdomen of the preserved cadaver of a Labrador bitch were recorded and photographs taken. Neither the duodenum nor the colon looped around the root of the great (jejuno‐ileal) mesentery, but both were long enough to have done so. The abdominal organs appeared to be otherwise normal, as did the other parts of the body. The condition appeared to have resulted from non‐rotation of the midgut during embryonic development and to have no adverse effect on the animal.
Growth performance and puberty attainment in growing pigs fed dietary fumonisin B1
Authors: Gbore F. A. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryTwenty‐four male weaned piglets assigned to four diets containing 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 0.2 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1) /kg as diets 1, 2, 3 and control diet, respectively, were used to study the effect of dietary FB1 on growth and puberty attainment in pigs in a 6‐month feeding trial. Lower feed intake during 0–4 months and a non‐significant (p > 0.05) but FB1 concentration‐dependent decrease in live and DWGs in animals fed FB1‐contaminated diets was observed at the end of the pubertal phase. The daily and the final live weight gains of animals fed diet 3 were 75.8% and 90.6%, respectively, of the control values. The mean ages at puberty by boars on diets 2 and 3 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those for animals on the control and diet 1. The animals on diet 3 attained puberty when mean live weight was 60.1 kg, some 30.3 days after the controls attained puberty, at 156.3 days, when the mean live weight was 46.9 kg. This study revealed that dietary FB1 delays sexual maturity in growing pigs. Male weanling pigs for breeding should not be exposed to dietary FB1 higher than 5 mg/kg for optimum growth and reproductive performance.
Effects of dietary additives (potassium diformate/organic acids) as well as influences of grinding intensity (coarse/fine) of diets for weaned piglets experimentally infected with Salmonella Derby or Escherichia coli
Authors: Taube V. A. , Neu M. E. , Hassan Y. , Verspohl J. , Beyerbach M. , Kamphues J. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine whether and to what extent the addition of potassium diformate (pdf) or free organic acids (fpa) to the diet and the grinding intensity might affect the course of infection and the passage of orally applied Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pigs. Experiments were carried out using 80 reared piglets allotted to four groups. Pigs were fed pelleted diets ad libitum (except during a 15 h feed‐withholding‐period before infection). The control diet contained finely ground cereals (2 mm screen). To two test diets (also finely ground) 1.2% pdf, 0.9% organic acids (75% formic and 25% propionic acid, fpa) respectively were added. The fourth diet (without acids) was based on coarsely ground cereals (6‐mm screen). After experimental infection alternately with S. Derby or E. coli, the course of infection was examined (rectal swab technique). Pigs were sacrificed 4–5 h after a further oral application of ∼109–1010 CFU S. Derby or E. coli to determine the counts of Salmonella or E. coli in chyme (classical culture methods). Adding pdf or fpa to the diet led to reduced Salmonella shedding and resulted in significantly lower counts of Salmonella and E. coli in the stomach content indicating an improved efficacy of the stomach barrier. In the distal parts of the digestive tract, the effect was less obvious concerning counts of E. coli, whereas counts of Salmonella were reduced markedly as well. The diet based on coarsely ground cereals failed to demonstrate positive effects concerning infection and passage of orally applied bacteria as well, but this diet was also pelleted and showed unintentionally, comparable amounts of fine particles. Results obtained in this study allow the recommendation of using pdf or organic acids as additives when dietary measures against Salmonella or E. coli in pigs are required.
Shortening the Postpartum Anoestrous Interval in Suckled Crossbred Dual Purpose Cows Using Progestagen Intravaginal Sponges plus eCG and PGF2α
Authors: Gutiérrez JC , Palomares R , González R , Portillo G , Montero‐Urdaneta M , Rubio‐Guillén J , Hernández‐Fonseca HJ. , Soto‐Belloso E 
Published: January 2009

ContentsOne hundred and twenty‐six suckled crossbred cows (Bos taurus × Bos indicus), with body condition score ≥3 (1–5 point scale), were employed in the present study to evaluate the effectiveness of intravaginal progestin‐releasing sponges (IVS) for shortening anoestrous interval. Fifty‐four cows were assigned to control group. Seventy‐two cows were treated with IVS impregnated with 250 mg of medroxy‐acetate‐progesterone (MAP) as follows: day 0, IVS plus 5 mg of 17β‐E and 50 mg of MAP i.m.; day 6, 500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin and 25 mg prostaglandin F2α i.m.; day 8, IVS withdrawal and day 9, 1 mg 17β‐E i.m. Cows were also grouped according to postpartum days (dpp) at treatment: MAP <70 days (n = 25); control <70 days (n = 22); MAP >70 days (n = 47); control >70 days (n = 32). From IVS removal, cows were detected in oestrus and inseminated. Cows not detected in oestrus were timed artificial insemination 72 h after sponge removal. Treatment effect on oestrous rate (ER), conception rate (CR), pregnancy rate (PR) and treatment to conception intervals (TCI) and calving to conception intervals (CCI) were evaluated. The ER, CR and PR were analysed using proc logistic, while TCI and CCI with proc glm of SAS. The groups MAP <70 days and MAP >70 days showed higher (p < 0.01) ER than control <70 days and control >70 days (84.0% and 76.6% vs 31.8% and 31.3% respectively). The PR was higher (p < 0.01) in MAP <70 days vs control <70 days (64.0% vs 22.7%) and also higher (p < 0.05) in MAP >70 days vs control <70 days (40.4% vs 18.8%). The TCI and CCI were shorter (p < 0.01) in MAP <70 days vs control <70 days (36.0 and 95.8 days; 95.3 and 158.6 days respectively). In conclusion, only cows treated with IVS before 70 dpp had a CCI shorter than 100 days, consequently this treatment shortened postpartum anoestrous interval in crossbred dual purpose cattle.
Evaluation of an employment program for people with mental illness using the Supported Employment Fidelity Scale
Authors: Cocks Errol , Boaden Ross 
Published: January 2009

Background: The Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model aims to achieve open employment for people with mental illness. The Supported Employment Fidelity Scale (SEFS) is a 15‐item instrument that evaluates the extent to which a service follows the IPS principles of best practice. This paper describes the IPS model and an evaluation of a specialist employment program for people with mental illness using the SEFS. Methods: The SEFS enabled a quantitative assessment of service provision against the criteria of evidence‐based practice principles. Data were collected from multiple sources. In addition, a literature review was conducted, and personnel engaged in implementation of the IPS model at other Australian employment programs were consulted. Results: The program achieved a score of 59 of a possible 75 on the SEFS, which is described as fair supported employment. Discussion: Analysis of the 15‐scale items resulted in the identification of strengths, areas for further development, and a set of recommendations. Conclusions: The program was operating substantially in line with evidence‐based practice principles and had considerable scope for further development. Issues arising from the evaluation, areas of applicability of the SEFS and the underlying literature, and implications for occupational therapy are highlighted.
Adiponectin is increased and correlated with the degree of proteinuria, but plasma leptin is not changed in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: HAYAKAWA KAZUYOSHI , OHASHI HIROSHIGE , YOKOYAMA HARUKO , YOSHIDA GAKURO , OKADA MIHO , MINATOGUCHI SHINYA 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYAim:  Altered regulation of adiponectin and leptin may be relevant to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.Methods:  The relationship between the levels of plasma adiponectin, leptin and proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate and metabolic risk factors was investigated in 38 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.Results:  Plasma adiponectin was much higher in patients with heavy proteinuria (38.8 ± 27.8 µg/mL) than in patients with mild proteinuria (13.3 ± 5.1 µg/mL, P < 0.001) and with moderate proteinuria (18.1 ± 8.0 µg/mL, P < 0.01). The levels of serum leptin were not changed among these groups. Proteinuria and lipoprotein(a) were a strong and direct correlate of plasma adiponectin (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001), while serum albumin and the glomerular filtration rate correlated inversely with this protein (r = −0.56, P = 0.0002; r = 0.38, P = 0.02). Body mass index and triglyceride were direct correlates (r = 0.37, P = 0.02 and r = 0.37, P = 0.02, respectively) of plasma leptin in patients with glomerulonephritis.Conclusions:  Plasma adiponectin but not plasma leptin levels correlate with proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.
Mechanistic niche modelling: combining physiological and spatial data to predict species’ ranges
Authors: Kearney Michael , Porter Warren 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) use spatial environmental data to make inferences on species’ range limits and habitat suitability. Conceptually, these models aim to determine and map components of a species’ ecological niche through space and time, and they have become important tools in pure and applied ecology and evolutionary biology. Most approaches are correlative in that they statistically link spatial data to species distribution records. An alternative strategy is to explicitly incorporate the mechanistic links between the functional traits of organisms and their environments into SDMs. Here, we review how the principles of biophysical ecology can be used to link spatial data to the physiological responses and constraints of organisms. This provides a mechanistic view of the fundamental niche which can then be mapped to the landscape to infer range constraints. We show how physiologically based SDMs can be developed for different organisms in different environmental contexts. Mechanistic SDMs have different strengths and weaknesses to correlative approaches, and there are many exciting and unexplored prospects for integrating the two approaches. As physiological knowledge becomes better integrated into SDMs, we will make more robust predictions of range shifts in novel or non‐equilibrium contexts such as invasions, translocations, climate change and evolutionary shifts.
Genome sequence ofDesulfobacterium autotrophicumHRM2, a marine sulfate reducer oxidizing organic carbon completely to carbon dioxide
Authors: Strittmatter Axel W. , Liesegang Heiko , Rabus Ralf , Decker Iwona , Amann Judith , Andres Sönke , Henne Anke , Fricke Wolfgang Florian , Martinez‐Arias Rosa , Bartels Daniela , Goesmann Alexander , Krause Lutz , Pühler Alfred , Klenk Hans‐Peter , Richter Michael , Schüler Margarete , Glöckner Frank Oliver , Meyerdierks Anke , Gottschalk Gerhard , Amann Rudolf 
Published: January 2009

SummarySulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) belonging to the metabolically versatileDesulfobacteriaceaeare abundant in marine sediments and contribute to the global carbon cycle by complete oxidation of organic compounds.Desulfobacterium autotrophicumHRM2 is the first member of this ecophysiologically important group with a now available genome sequence. With 5.6 megabasepairs (Mbp) the genome ofDb. autotrophicumHRM2 is about 2 Mbp larger than the sequenced genomes of other sulfate reducers (SRB). A high number of genome plasticity elements (> 100 transposon‐related genes), several regions of GC discontinuity and a high number of repetitive elements (132 paralogous genes Mbp−1) point to a different genome evolution when comparing withDesulfovibriospp. The metabolic versatility ofDb. autotrophicumHRM2 is reflected in the presence of genes for the degradation of a variety of organic compounds including long‐chain fatty acids and for the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, which enables the organism to completely oxidize acetyl‐CoA to CO2but also to grow chemolithoautotrophically. The presence of more than 250 proteins of the sensory/regulatory protein families should enableDb. autotrophicumHRM2 to efficiently adapt to changing environmental conditions. Genes encoding periplasmic or cytoplasmic hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases have been detected as well as genes for the transmembrane TpII‐c3, Hme and Rnf complexes. Genes for subunits A, B, C and D as well as for the proposed novel subunits L and F of the heterodisulfide reductases are present. This enzyme is involved in energy conservation in methanoarchaea and it is speculated that it exhibits a similar function in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction inDb. autotrophicumHRM2.
The ‘buoy’ stent: evaluation of a prototype indwelling ureteric stent in a porcine model
Authors: Krebs Alfred , Deane Leslie A. , Borin James F. , Edwards Robert A. , Sala Leandro G. , Khan Farhan , Abdelshehid Corollos , McDougall Elspeth M. , Clayman Ralph V. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVETo assess a prototype ureteric ‘buoy’ stent with a 10 F upper body tapering to a 3F tail, developed to potentially reduce stent‐related irritative symptoms while providing an adequate mould for healing after endopyelotomy.MATERIALS AND METHODSEighteen Yucatan minipigs had the stent placed either into the intact ureter (phase I) or after Acucise proximal endoureterotomy (phase II). Buoy stents were compared to 10/7 F endopyelotomy stents and to standard 7 F stents in phases I and II, respectively. The pigs were assessed for vesico‐ureteric reflux, hydronephrosis and infection, before stent insertion and at harvest. Stents were weighed before and after placement and the removal force was measured. Pressure/flow studies, antegrade nephrostograms and specimens for histopathology from the renal pelvis, ureter and vesico‐ureteric junction (VUJ) were obtained at harvest.RESULTSThirteen minipigs survived the entire study. Ureteric flow with the stents in situ was better for buoy stents than for 10/7 F stents (P < 0.005). Ureteric flow after endoureterotomy and subsequent stent removal was similar for buoy stents and standard 7 F stents. None of the stents refluxed. There was no difference between stents in removal force, weight change or incidence of hydronephrosis. At 1 and 12 weeks, buoy stents tended to produce lower histopathological alteration scores than control stents, especially at the VUJ (phase I, 2.0 vs 3.9, P = 0.092; phase II, 0.6 vs 1.7, P = 0.18).CONCLUSIONSThe novel buoy stents are easily placed and removed via the urethra. They can cause less VUJ inflammation than standard stents while allowing for adequate ureteric flow and healing after proximal endoureterotomy.