bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Implementation of Physiotherapist-Led Lung Ultrasound on Physiotherapy and Medical Clinical Decision-Making in Intensive Care Patients: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Lockstone Jane , Brain Matt , Ntoumenopoulos George 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The clinical use of lung ultrasound (LUS) is gaining acceptance and rapidly growing. Lung ultrasound is being integrated into clinical care by trained respiratory physiotherapists and has been reported to influence physiotherapists' clinical decision-making in the respiratory management of patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of physiotherapist-led LUS on physiotherapy and medical clinical decision-making in a single intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods:
This was a retrospective review using descriptive analyses of a senior ICU physiotherapist's LUS scans.

Results:
Of the 40 LUS scans completed, 26 (65%) were clinically indicated, and 31 (77.5%) were identified as positive scans. After LUS, respiratory physiotherapy management changed in 11 (27.5%) cases, continued unaltered in 12 (30%) cases, deemed not indicated in 4 (10%) cases, and not reported in 10 (25%) cases. Medical decision-making changed in 8 (20%) cases, continued unchanged in 14 (35%) cases, and not reported in 18 (45%) cases.

Conclusions:
This small retrospective review of a single physiotherapist's LUS scans suggests that LUS may have an influence on physiotherapy and medical clinical management in ICU. Research to prospectively evaluate the impact of physiotherapy-led LUS on clinical decision-making and key patient outcomes is strongly recommended.
Ambient air pollution and mortality: The role of socioeconomic conditions
Authors: Nascimento Felipe Parra do , Gouveia Nelson 
Published: March 2024

Background:
There is a vast body of literature covering the association between air pollution exposure and nonaccidental mortality. However, the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in this relationship is still not fully understood.

Objectives:
We investigated if individual and contextual SES modified the relationship between short-term exposure to ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 µm (PM10) on cardiovascular, respiratory, and all nonaccidental mortality.

Methods:
We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study. Analyses were based on information on 280,685 deaths from 2011 to 2015 in the city of São Paulo. Education was used as an individual SES, and information on the district of residence was used to build a contextual SES. Exposure to PM10, NO2, and O3 was accessed from monitoring stations and linked to each case based on the date of death. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of air pollutants, and interaction terms were added to access the effect modification of SES.

Results:
Individuals with lower education had an increased chance of dying for all nonaccidental outcomes (1.54% [0.91%, 2.14%]) associated with exposure to PM10. Individuals living in lower SES areas had an increased chance of dying for nonaccidental (0.52% [0.16%, 0.88%]), cardiovascular (1.17% [0.88%, 1.46%]), and respiratory (1.70% [0.47%, 2.93%]) causes owing to NO2 exposure.

Conclusion:
Exposure to air pollutants increases the chance of dying by nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory causes. Lower educational levels and living on lower contextual SES increased the risk of mortality associated with air pollution exposure.
Evaluation of macular atrophy in patients treated with macular buckle for myopic traction maculopathy (MTM): mid and long-term follow-up.
Authors: Parolini Barbara , Rosales Padrón Jaime Francisco , Lopes Edgar , Matello Veronika , Crincoli Emanuele 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the incidence, rate and pattern of progression of myopic maculopathy in eyes operated with macular buckle (MB) for myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) vs a control group without surgery to find out if the progression varies due to the macular buckle’s indentation, and to evaluate possible MB-related pigmentary changes or atrophy.

Methods:
Eyes operated with macular buckle with two good quality fundus images: one preoperative or early postoperative image and the second image of at least 12 months apart, the control group was comprised by the contralateral eyes. Demographics, axial length, follow-up, stage of MTM and myopic maculopathy were reported. Groups and subgroups (mid and long-term follow-up) progression results were reported and compared.

Results:
We included 116 eyes of 66 patients. Progression was found in 29 eyes (41.4%) and 23 eyes (50%) in the macular buckle group and control group, respectively. The progression rate was 73 per 1000 eye-years and 88.9 per 1000 eye-years in the macular buckle group and the control group, respectively. Axial length was found a predictor of progression (OR,2.59; p=0.02).

Conclusion:
Progression of myopic maculopathy was similar in both groups, even mildly grater in the control group. We did not find any MB-related pigmentary changes or atrophy.
Self-transfers, Hospital Admissions and Mortality Among Children and Adolescents Lost to Follow-up From Antiretroviral Therapy Programs in the Western Cape, South Africa Between 2004 and 2019: Linkage to Provincial Records
Authors: Nyakato Patience , Boulle Andrew , Wood Robin , Eley Brian , Rabie Helena , Egger Matthias , Yiannoutsos Constantin T. , Davies Mary-Ann , Cornell Morna 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Pediatric programs face a high rate of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among children and adolescents living with HIV (CAHIV). We assessed true outcomes and predictors of these among CAHIV who were LTFU using linkage to the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre at Western Cape sites of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS-Southern Africa collaboration.

Methods:
We examined factors associated with self-transfer, hospital admission and mortality using competing risks regression in a retrospective cohort of CAHIV initiating antiretroviral therapy <15 years old between 2004 and 2019 and deemed LTFU (no recorded visit at the original facility for ≥180 days from the last visit date before database closure and not known to have officially transferred out or deceased).

Results:
Of the 1720 CAHIV deemed LTFU, 802 (46.6%) had self-transferred and were receiving care elsewhere within the Western Cape, 463 (26.9%) had been hospitalized and 45 (2.6%) CAHIV had died. The overall rates of self-transfer, hospitalization, mortality and LTFU were 9.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.8–10.1], 5.4 (95% CI: 5.0–6.0), 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4–0.7) and 4.8 (95% CI: 4.4–5.3) per 100 person-years respectively. Increasing duration on antiretroviral therapy before LTFU was associated with self-transfers while male sex, older age at last visit (≥10 years vs. younger) were associated with hospital admission and immune suppression at last visit was associated with 5 times higher mortality.

Conclusions:
Nearly half of CAHIV classified as LTFU had self-transferred to another health facility, a quarter had been hospitalized and a small proportion had died.
A Novel Dental and Maxillofacial Sign in Aarskog Syndrome: A Family Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ferretti Fabrizio , Manotti Angelo Maria , Gallesio Cesare , Ramieri Guglielmo , Gerbino Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To describe a case of a novel mutation with dental and maxillofacial expression in a family with Aarskog syndrome and to conduct a literature review to determine the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the pathology.

Methods:
The authors described a family of a father and mother and 7 children (5 sons affected). The first child is evaluated for multiple mandibular osteolytic lesions and dental malocclusion with eruption disorders. The patient presents facial features of Aarskog syndrome, such as hypertelorism and eyelid ptosis with epicanthal folds, but also an unusual sign of numerous comedones distributed over the body. A literature review on dental and maxillofacial signs in Aarskog syndrome was conducted on Scopus and Pubmed with specific keywords.

Results:
Osteolytic lesions are described as orthokeratotic keratocysts with giant cellular, foreign body type, calcifications, and bone spicules. A recurrence occurred 2 years after surgery of keratocysts. Ten articles were selected for the description of dental and maxillofacial features associated with Aarskog syndrome.

Discussion:
Literature has paid little attention to different phenotypic characterizations in the maxillofacial region of patients with Aarskog syndrome. It is important to determine an early diagnosis to provide the best treatments for patients. The family described has some peculiarities: (1) a new nucleotide variation, (2) the sample size, (3) features as multiple comedones of the body, and keratocysts of the jaws are never described in the literature.

Conclusion:
Clinical and radiological maxillofacial signs, often not evaluated in Aarskog syndrome, should be considered early to obtain an optimal treatment.
Non-Invasive dsRNA Delivery via Feeding for Effective Gene Silencing in Teleost Fish: A Novel Approach in the Study of Gene Function Analysis
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Yang Ruiyan , Song Weihao , Shen Yiyang , Sun Hao , Nie Tianci , Yue Xinlu , Song Zongcheng , Qi Jie , Zhang Quanqi , He Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRNA interference is a powerful technique for gene silencing, involving post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Successful application of RNAi has been demonstrated in various organisms like nematodes, insects, and oysters by ingesting dsRNA-expressing bacteria. In this study, we attempted a non-invasive feeding method in the marine economy teleost fish,Sebastes schlegelii. To validate the feasibility of this approach inS. schlegelii, we utilized rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis),Artemia nauplii, and commercial pellet feed as vectors to deliverEscherichia colistrain HT115 engineered to express double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), targetingdead end(dnd) gene, known to be important for primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and proliferation in fish. Our experimental results consistently showed that knockdown of thedndgene effectively inhibited the development of PGCs inS. schlegelii, resulting in gonadal dysplasia and even sex reversal. This study marks a significant advancement in understanding gene function in teleost fish, laying the groundwork for future large-scale research in this field.
Relative rDNA copy number is not associated with resistance training-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and does not affect myotube anabolismin vitro
Authors: Godwin Joshua S. , Michel J. Max , Ludlow Andrew T. , Frugé Andrew D. , Mobley C. Brooks , Nader Gustavo A. , Roberts Michael D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTRibosomal DNA (rDNA) copies are organized in tandem repeats across multiple chromosomes, and inter-individual variation in rDNA copy number has been speculated to be a modifier of the hypertrophic responses to resistance training. In the current study, 82 apparently healthy participants (n=53 males, 21±1 years old; n=29 females, 21±2 years old) performed 10-12 weeks of supervised full-body resistance training. Whole-body, mid-thigh, and histological skeletal muscle hypertrophy outcomes were determined, as was relative rDNA copy number from pre-intervention vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies. Pre- and post-intervention VL biopsy mRNA/rRNA markers of ribosome content and biogenesis were assayed in all participants, and these targets were also assayed in the 29 females 24 hours following their first workout bout. Across all 82 participants, no significant associations were evident between relative rDNA copy number and training-induced changes in whole body lean mass (r = -0.034, p=0.764), vastus lateralis thickness (r = 0.093, p=0.408), mean myofiber cross-sectional area (r = -0.128, p=0.259), or changes in muscle RNA concentrations (r = 0.026, p=0.818). Several significant, positive associations in females support ribosome biogenesis being linked to training-induced myofiber hypertrophy. Follow-up studies using LHCN-M2 myotubes demonstrate a reduction in relative rDNA copy number induced by bisphenol A (BPA). However, BPA did not significantly affect myotube diameter or prevent insulin-like-growth factor-induced hypertrophy. These findings provide strong evidence that relative rDNA copy number is not associated with myofiber anabolism and provide further mechanistic evidence for ribosome biogenesis being involved in this phenomenon.
Early cytokine-driven adaptation of survival pathways in lymphoid cells during targeted therapies
Authors: Luo Meng-Xiao , Tan Tania , Trussart Marie , Poch Annika , Nguyen Thi Minh Hanh , Speed Terence P. , Hicks Damien G. , Bandala-Sanchez Esther , Peng Hongke , Chappaz Stéphane , Slade Charlotte , Utzschneider Daniel T , Strasser Andreas , Thijssen Rachel , Ritchie Matthew E , Tam Constantine S , Lindeman Geoff , Huang David CS , Lew Thomas E , Anderson Mary Ann , Roberts Andrew W , Teh Charis E , Gray Daniel HD 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVenetoclax, a first-in-class BH3 mimetic drug targeting BCL-2, has improved outcomes for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Early measurements of the depth of the venetoclax treatment response, assessed by minimal residual disease, are strong predictors of long-term clinical outcomes. Yet, there are limited data concerning the early changes induced by venetoclax treatment that might inform strategies to improve responses. To address this gap, we conducted longitudinal mass cytometric profiling of blood cells from patients with CLL during the first two months of venetoclax monotherapy. At baseline, we resolved CLL heterogeneity at the single-cell level to define multiple subpopulations in all patients distinguished by proliferative, metabolic and cell survival proteins. Venetoclax induced significant reduction in all CLL subpopulations coincident with rapid upregulation of pro-survival BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1 proteins in surviving cells, which had reduced sensitivity to the drug. Mouse models recapitulated the venetoclax-induced elevation of survival proteins in B cells and CLL-like cells that persistedin vivo, with genetic models demonstrating that extensive apoptosis and access to the B cell cytokine, BAFF, were essential. Accordingly, analysis of patients with CLL that were treated with a different targeted therapy, the anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab, also exhibited marked elevation of BAFF and increased pro-survival proteins in leukemic cells that persisted. Overall, these data highlight the rapid adaptation of CLL cells to targeted therapies via homeostatic factors and support co-targeting of cytokine signals to achieve deeper and more durable long-term responses.Key pointsLeukaemic cells rapidly adapt to targeted therapy by elevating pro-survival protein expression.Cell attrition and increased bioavailability of homeostatic cytokines drive this heightened survival, highlighting avenues for more potent combination therapies.
Community level variability in Bronx COVID-19 hospitalizations associated with differing viral variant adaptive strategies during the second year of the pandemic
Authors: Forster Ryan , Griffen Anthony , Daily Johanna , Kelly Libusha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Bronx, New York, exhibited unique peaks in the number of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations compared to national trends. To determine which features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus might underpin this local disease epidemiology, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genomic epidemiology of the four dominant strains of SARS-CoV-2 (Alpha, Iota, Delta and Omicron) responsible for COVID-19 cases in the Bronx between March 2020 and January 2023. Genomic analysis revealed similar viral fitness for Alpha and Iota variants in the Bronx compared to nationwide data. However, Delta and Omicron variants had increased fitness within the borough. While the transmission dynamics of most variants in the Bronx corresponded with mutational fitness-based predictions of transmissibility, the Delta variant presented as an exception. Epidemiological modeling confirms Delta’s advantages of higher transmissibility, and suggested pre-existing immunity within the community counteracted Delta virulence, contributing to unexpectedly low Bronx hospitalizations compared to preceding strains. There were few novel T-cell epitope mutations in Delta compared to Iota which suggests Delta had fewer immune escape mechanisms to subvert pre-existing immunity within the Bronx. The combination of epidemiological models and quantifying amino acid changes in T-cell and antibody epitopes also revealed an evolutionary trade-off between Alpha’s higher transmissibility and Iota’s immune evasion, potentially explaining why the Bronx Iota variant remained dominant despite the introduction of the nationwide dominant Alpha variant. Together, our study demonstrates that localized analyses and integration of orthogonal community-level datasets can provide key insights into the mechanisms of transmission and immunity patterns associated with regional COVID-19 incidence and disease severity that may be missed when analyzing broader datasets.One sentence summaryA reduction in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations during the Delta variant’s dominance are preceded with the prevalence of the immune-evading Iota variant over the globally dominant, more transmissible Alpha variant amongst the Bronx, indicating community-level variability associated with differing viral variant adaptive strategies.
The predictive value of heparin-binding protein for bacterial infections in patients with severe multiple trauma
Authors: Li Li , Tian Xiao-xi , Feng Gui-long , Chen Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionHeparin-binding protein is an inflammatory factor with predictive value and participates in the inflammatory response through antibacterial effects, chemotaxis, and increased vascular permeability. The role of heparin-binding protein in sepsis has been progressively demonstrated, but few studies have been conducted in the context of multiple trauma combined with bacterial infections. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of heparin-binding protein for bacterial infections in patients with severe multiple trauma.Materials and methodsPatients with multiple trauma in the emergency intensive care unit were selected for the study, and plasma heparin-binding protein concentrations and other laboratory parameters were measured within 48 hours of admission to the hospital. A two-sample comparison and univariate logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between heparin-binding protein and bacterial infection in multiple trauma patients. A multifactor logistic regression model was constructed, and the ROC curve was plotted.ResultsNinety-seven patients with multiple-trauma were included in the study, 43 with bacterial infection and 54 without infection. According to data analysis, heparin-binding protein was higher in the infected group than in the control group [(32.00±3.20) ng/mLvs.(18.52±1.33) ng/mL]. Univariate logistic regression analysis shows that heparin-binding protein is related to bacterial infection (OR=1.10,Z=3.91,95%CI:1.05∼1.15,P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression equations showed that patients were 1.12 times more likely to have bacterial infections for each value of heparin-binding protein increase, holding neutrophils and PCT constant. ROC analysis shows that heparin-binding protein combined with neutrophils and PCT has better predictive value for bacterial infection [AUC=0.935,95%CI:0.870∼0.977].ConclusionsHeparin-binding protein may predict bacterial infection in patients with severe multiple trauma. Combining heparin-binding protein, PCT, and neutrophils may improve bacterial infection prediction.
Catalytically inactive SHP1-C453S mutant gain of “robust LLPS” function
Authors: Zhang Qichen , Sun Tianyue , Chen Qi , Zhu Guangya , Kong Xiangyu , Du Yiqi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSHP1 is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase extensively expressed in hematopoietic cells, exerting a pivotal role as an immunosuppressive factor. Our previous studies have suggested that SHP1 can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In this study, the SHP1-C455S mutant, commonly utilized in biochemical assays due to its lack of catalytic phosphatase activity, unexpectedly exhibited a remarkably robust ability for LLPS. Since the C453S mutation has been previously shown to potentially induce a conformational transition of SHP1 from a closed to an open state, we hypothesize that the enhanced LLPS capability of SHP1 may be facilitated by this conformational alteration. The SHP1-C453S mutant exhibited robust LLPS activity, while completely abrogating its phosphatase activity. This allows for effective investigation of the catalytic activity and LLPS capability of SHP1.
Impacts of leader anger expressions on newcomer proactive career behavior and work alienation in the construction industry
Authors: Kang Fei , Shi Yifei , Li Jiyu , Zhang Han 
Published: March 2024

PurposeDespite the growing body of empirical research on leader anger expressions, the issue of how and when leader anger expressions shape newcomers’ proactive career behavior and work alienation in the construction industry has been largely overlooked. Building upon social information processing theory, this research identifies newcomers’ organization-based self-esteem as a mediator, and suggests that newcomers’ performance goal orientation could moderate the relationship.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire study was conducted on the construction industry in China, and the PROCESS program developed by Hayes was used to test the hypothetical model with 215 valid cases.FindingsThe results suggest that leader anger expressions are negatively associated with newcomers’ organization-based self-esteem, and organization-based self-esteem mediated the link between leader anger expressions and newcomers’ proactive career behavior and work alienation. Furthermore, the newcomers’ performance goal orientation moderates the negative impact of leader anger expressions on newcomers’ organization-based self-esteem.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the cross-sectional nature of this study, causal implications are difficult to draw. Moreover, all data we received was based on participant self-reports, which may raise concerns about common method variance.Originality/valueIn this paper, we contribute to a deeper understanding of the mediating mechanisms and boundary conditions by which leader anger expressions influence newcomers’ proactive career behavior and work alienation from social information processing perspective, in addition to providing valuable insights for management of newcomers in the construction industry.