bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of neural correlates of verbal and non-verbal visual working memory with different delays
Authors: Rothmayr Christoph , Baumann Oliver , Endestad Tor , Rutschmann Roland M , Magnussen Svein , Greenlee Mark W 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), posterior parietal cortex, and regions in the occipital cortex have been identified as neural sites for visual working memory (WM). The exact involvement of the DLPFC in verbal and non-verbal working memory processes, and how these processes depend on the time-span for retention, remains disputed.

Methods
We used functional MRI to explore the neural correlates of the delayed discrimination of Gabor stimuli differing in orientation. Twelve subjects were instructed to code the relative orientation either verbally or non-verbally with memory delays of short (2 s) or long (8 s) duration.

Results
Blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) 3-Tesla fMRI revealed significantly more activity for the short verbal condition compared to the short non-verbal condition in bilateral superior temporal gyrus, insula and supramarginal gyrus. Activity in the long verbal condition was greater than in the long non-verbal condition in left language-associated areas (STG) and bilateral posterior parietal areas, including precuneus. Interestingly, right DLPFC and bilateral superior frontal gyrus was more active in the non-verbal long delay condition than in the long verbal condition.

Conclusion
The results point to a dissociation between the cortical sites involved in verbal and non-verbal WM for long and short delays. Right DLPFC seems to be engaged in non-verbal WM tasks especially for long delays. Furthermore, the results indicate that even slightly different memory maintenance intervals engage largely differing networks and that this novel finding may explain differing results in previous verbal/non-verbal WM studies.
Efficacy and Safety of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Proteins in Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ross Susan D. , Allen I. Elaine , Probst Corey A. , Sercus Brian , Crean Sheila M. , Ranganathan Gayatri 
Published: October 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Provide the current best estimates of hemoglobin response with erythropoiesis-stimulating proteins in anemia of MDS.Specify prognostic factors for response that are potentially useful.Describe the gaps in the existing evidence base regarding these agents in MDS.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
The kinematics of the Tan-Lu Fault zone during the Mesozoic-Palaeocene and its relations with the North China – South China block collision (Anhui Province, China)
Authors: Vergely Pierre , Hou Ming Jin , Wang Young Ming , Mercier Jacques-Louis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Tan-Lu Fault zone (TLFZ), often considered as a major sinistral strike-slip fault, extends in a NE to NNE direction for more than 2,000 km in eastern China. A structural analysis of the southern segment of the TLFZ (STLFZ) and surrounding areas enables us to propose the following evolution of this area during the Mesozoic-Palaeocene. The mid-Triassic NNW-SSE and late Triassic SSW-NNE to SSE-NNW strikes of the stretching lineations in the Zhangbaling massif favour ductile shears in a Zhangbaling metamorphic formation located along a ~NNE-SSW orientated “Tan-Lu margin”; this margin connected two margin segments situated north of the Dabie and Sulu belts. During the Mid-Late Triassic, the continental crust of the South China block (SCB) has been obliquely subducted along this margin below the North China block (NCB). We confirm that the SCB continental crust has been sliced and thrust toward the SSE and propose that the ductile thrusts have merged into the decollements of the sedimentary cover of the platform, forming the thrust-and-fold belt which has acted as a sinistral compressional transfer zone between the Dabie and Sulu collision belts. Thrusting and folding, under a N to NNE compression, affecting Jurassic deposits north and south of the Dabie Shan, indicate that the SCB/NCB collision has continued during the Jurassic. We show that a strike-slip tectonic regime occurred at that time, east of the STLFZ, which initiated as a sinistral continental transform fault between the Dabie and Sulu collisional belts. Dikes and strike-slip faults confirm that a ~NW-SE stretching was active during the basal early Cretaceous (~135–130 Ma), in and around metamorphic domes intruded by plutons. We show that strike-slip faulting, under a NW-SE compression-NE-SW tension, has been active subsequently, until the Aptian-? Early Albian (110/105 Ma), possibly until the Cenomanian (~95 Ma); at that time, the TLFZ has acted as a sinistral continental trans-current fault zone in eastern Asia. Subsequently, normal faulting, under a WNW-ESE extension, indicates that the TLFZ has been a normal fault zone during the Campanian-Palaeocene (~83–55 Ma), possibly until the Early Ypresian (~50 Ma). Sinistral offsets, in the order of several 100 of kilometres, on both sides of the TLFZ have been proposed; the present study does not support such large offset magnitudes.
First occurrence of the genus Dakosaurus (Crocodyliformes, Thalattosuchia) in the Late Jurassic of Mexico
Authors: Buchy Marie-Céline , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang , Frey Eberhard , Gonzalez Gonzalez Arturo H. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The fragmentary rostrum of a thalattosuchian is described. The specimen comes from the vicinity of the village of San Juan de los Dolores, next to Los Lirios, Coahuila, northeastern Mexico. Associated ammonites allow to assign the specimen to the Kimmeridgian section (Upper Jurassic) of the La Casita Formation. Because of its massiveness, its cranial architecture and the morphology of its teeth, the specimen is referred to the genus Dakosaurus, but is too incomplete for further determination. The genus is known by few specimens from the Late Jurassic of Europe and Argentina, and was until now unknown from North and Central America. It represents a new but expected element of the assemblage of marine reptiles populating the Mexican Gulf during the Late Jurassic. The specimen is one of the few members of the group preserving in 3 dimensions and visible, the preorbital portion of the rostrum, and especially of the nasopharyngeal canal; it confirms the existence of a large space possibly housing salt glands rostral to the orbits.
Microphytoplankton diversity curves of the Chinese Ordovician
Authors: Li Jun , Servais Thomas , Yan Kui , Su Wenbo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFollowing the publication of a regional diversity curve of the Ordovician organic-walled microphytoplankton (acritarchs) from the Yangtze Platform at the species level [Servais et al., 2004], a diversity curve for China is here presented using all literature data at the generic level. The Chinese curve is a compilation of three separate curves from the three major continental blocks that constituted China in the Ordovician: South China (including the Yangtze Platform), Tarim and North China. The diversity changes can partly be related to sea level changes, both at a regional (South Chinese sea level curve) and at a global level (global curve). The totalised curve for all Chinese localities indicates peaks in diversity that apparently correspond to three sea level highstands at a global level at the early-middle Ordovician boundary (middle “Arenigian”), at the Sandbian-Katian boundary (middle “Caradocian”) and during the Upper Katian (pre-Hirnantian “Ashgillian”) Boda Event [Fortey and Cocks, 2005].
SimuSage – the component library for rapid process modeling and its applications
Authors: Petersen Stephan , Hack Klaus , Monheim Peter , Pickartz Ulrich 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
SimuSage is an innovative software tool for process simulation and flowsheeting tasks. Based on ChemApp and its rigorous Gibbs energy minimizing technique, it provides a library of components for the development of highly customized process simulation models. The SimuSage concept is described, and a number of examples from typical application areas such as metallurgy, combustion technology, and other industrial high-temperature processes involving inorganic chemistry are introduced.
Thermodynamic aspects of liquid phase sintering of SiC using Al2O3and Y2O3
Authors: Cupid Damian M. , Fabrichnaya Olga , Seifert Hans J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA thermodynamic dataset for the Al – C – O – Si – Y system was used for calculations of multicomponent, multiphase reactions. Some aspects of the liquid phase sintering of silicon carbide using alumina and yttria sintering additives were analyzed. The phase relations in the SiC – Al2O3, SiC – Al2O3– SiO2and SiC – Y2O3– SiO2systems were calculated. Phase fraction diagrams, isopleths, isothermal sections, and potential phase diagrams are presented to illustrate the reactions between silicon carbide and sintering additives. The effect of Ar inert gas as an additional component and the related volume change of the gas phase were considered. In addition, the influence of surface silica on silicon carbide powder is taken into account.
Thixoforming of non-dendritic AA6061 feedstock produced by low superheat casting with and without a cooling slope
Authors: Birol Yucel 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Low superheat casting with and without a cooling slope was employed to produce AA6061 thixoforming feedstock. The dendritic features were more frequent in the latter, suggesting that the degeneration of the dendritic structure was promoted by the cooling slope casting process. Minor differences in the primary phase morphology in the as-cast state were no longer evident after partial melting, with nearly equiaxed polygonal grains in all ingots cast with and without a cooling slope. 5 min soaking at 640 °C was identified as the best reheating practice as it provided the smallest grains and the most complete grain boundary wetting. The slugs machined from AA6061 ingots cast from a pouring temperature of 680 °C with and without a cooling slope were both successfully thixoformed into sound parts with no signs of porosity and segregation. The T6 heat treatment produced hardness values as high as 107 HB which compare very favourably with those of the extruded products and are even better than that obtained in the thermomechanically processed feedstock.
Comparative thermodynamic study and phase equilibria of the Bi–Ga–Sn ternary system
Authors: Živković D. , Katayama I. , Gomidželović L. , Manasijević D. , Novaković R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The results of a comparative thermodynamic investigation of the Bi – Ga – Sn system, giving experimentally obtained results and calculated thermodynamic data, are presented in this paper. Oelsen calorimetry was performed for the experimental determination of thermodynamic properties in the section with a molar ratio of Bi: Sn = 1: 3, while the Redlich – Kister – Muggianu method was applied for thermodynamic predicting in the sections with molar ratio Bi: Sn = 1: 3, 1: 1, 3: 1. Thermodynamic parameters – partial and integral molar quantities, as well as gallium activities, were determined at the temperatures of 873 and 973 K. Phase equilibria in the Bi – Ga – Sn ternary system have been studied experimentally – using differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-rays, while the calculation of phase diagram was done according to the CALPHAD method. The phase diagram of the section with molar ratio of Bi: Sn = 1: 3 is given, as well as the phase diagram of the ternary Bi – Ga – Sn system at 373 K.
Grain growth in materials with mobile second-phase particles
Authors: Yu. Novikov Vladimir 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The grain growth process controlled by particles able to move together with grain boundaries is investigated by means of numerical simulation. The particles either located on grain boundaries or randomly distributed over the material volume are shown to retard grain growth. In the first case, the growth kinetics is described by a power law Dn – D0
n
= kt with the exponent n = 3, at particle volume fractions as low as 0.001. In the case of polycrystals with randomly distributed mobile particles the growth exponent n is larger than 3 and increases with an increase in the particle size or volume fraction.
An alternative approach of UASB dynamic modeling
Authors: Vlyssides Apostolos , Barampouti Elli Maria , Mai Sofia 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA mathematical model was developed and validated to simulate the dynamic behavior of a UASB reactor. This model took into consideration all the biological and physicochemical reactions. Seven microbial populations were selected using Monod kinetics where inhibition terms were added. The overall biological reactions were determined by first evaluating the reactions for energy and synthesis separately and then adding them together. For each differential time interval, the biomass produced was estimated from the stoichiometry of these reactions. The feasibility of each reaction was determined by thermodynamic calculations. A thermodynamic solution was suggested for the microorganisms that are able to follow more than one catabolic routes and produce several products in spite of the fact that they consume just one substrate. All the reactions that may be performed were realized according to the relative percentage of their free energies. The validation of the model was based on a set of dynamical experiments designed to cover a wide spectrum of operating conditions that are likely to take place in the practical operation of a UASB plant. The model can be a useful tool for the prediction of process performance in transient conditions, even in failure, and can be used to assist in the operation of biogas plants. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 53 2007
Antifouling and enhancing pool boiling by TiO2 coating surface in nanometer scale thickness
Authors: Yan Wang , Lin‐lin Wang , Ming‐yan Liu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe accumulation of unwanted crystallization deposits on heat transfer surface considerably reduces the efficiency of heat transfer in heat exchangers, especially in the evaporators with vapor–liquid boiling flows. To mitigate the fouling, some measures have been taken including utilizing low‐energy surfaces made by a few kinds of surface‐coating techniques. In this article, novel applications of TiO2 material in inhibiting deposits on heat transfer surface as well as in enhancing pool boiling were developed with nanometer surface engineering method. TiO2 coatings with different layer thicknesses in nanometer scale were prepared by applying vacuum coating technique and were characterized with respect to contact angle, surface free energy, roughness, film thickness, topography by contact angle analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. Distilled water pool boiling and CaCO3 water solution fouling experiments in pool boiling system were performed on these coating surfaces and antifouling and heat transfer enhancement rules were investigated. The results indicate that all TiO2 coating surfaces can avoid CaCO3 deposition, and fouling induction period of TiO2 coating surface in pool boiling with film thickness of 80 × 10−9 m is about 50 times longer than that of the untreated or polished surface in the present experimental conditions. On the other hand, pool boiling was enhanced on some TiO2 coating surfaces with film thickness in nanometer scale, and heat transfer inhibiting was also observed with certain coating thickness. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Radiation synthesis and characterization of 2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate‐based hydrogels containing di‐ and tri‐protic acid and its application on wastewater treatment
Authors: Abdel‐Aal Samia E. , Hegazy El‐Sayed A. , Abou Taleb M. F. , Dessouki Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRadiation‐crosslinked 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate/citric acid (HEMA/CAc), 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate/tartaric acid (HEMA/TA), and 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate/succinic acid (HEMA/Sc) copolymers were prepared by using 60Co γ‐rays. The gel fraction yield and the swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogels were studied. It was shown that increasing irradiation doses was accompanied by an increase in yield of gel fraction and a decrease in swelling degree. The parameters of equilibrium swelling, maximum swelling, initial swelling rate, swelling exponent, and diffusion coefficient of the hydrogels were determined by studying the swelling behavior of the hydrogels prepared. It was seen that the equilibrium swelling degree increases as the content of acid increases, as a result of introducing more hydrophilic groups. When the hydrophilic polymer (acids) varies in the content range of 40–80 mg, swelling exponents (n) decreases, thereby indicating a shift in the water‐transport mechanism from the anomalous (non‐Fickian)‐type to the Fickian‐type. Characterization and some selected properties of the prepared hydrogels were studied, and accordingly the possibility of its practical use in the treatment of industrial wastes such as dyes and heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Co, and Cu) were also studied. The effect of treatment time, pH of feed solution, initial feed concentration, and temperature on the dye and heavy metals uptake was determined. The uptake order for a given metal was HEMA/TA hydrogel > HEMA/CAc > HEMA/Sc hydrogel. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Pervaporation separation of binary and ternary mixtures with polydimethylsiloxane membranes
Authors: Bakhshi Ali , Mohammadi Toraj , Aroujalian Abdolreza 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study dealt with the separation of binary water–phenol and water–methanol mixtures and ternary water–phenol–methanol mixtures by pervaporation (PV) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes. The effects of the operating conditions (feed temperature, feed concentration, and feed flow rate) on the separation performance for binary mixtures were investigated. An increase in temperature or concentration increased the total permeation flux and decreased the organic separation factor. In other words, an increase in the temperature or feed organic concentration increased the water flux more significantly than the organic compound flux, which resulted in a separation factor reduction. Also, an increase in the feed flow rate increased the total flux and separation factor because the boundary layer effects diminished. The vapor–liquid equilibrium separation factor (αVLE) and pervaporation separation factor (αPV) values for the PDMS membrane were calculated, and this showed that αPV for the water–phenol mixture was greater than αVLE. This means that the membrane was highly efficient for the PV separation of phenol from dilute aqueous solutions relative to the separation of methanol. This was due to the fact that phenol has a higher solubility parameter than methanol in silicone membranes. To study the effect of a third component on membrane performance, PV experiments were also carried out with water–phenol–methanol mixtures. The results for total permeation flux and the phenol separation factor for PDMS membranes in contact with water–phenol–methanol ternary mixtures are similar to those in contact with water–phenol binary mixtures. The phenol separation factor of the membrane in contact with the ternary mixture was slightly lower than that in contact with the binary mixture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Surface functionalization by RF plasma deposition of ethylene diamine, acrylonitrile, and acetonitrile
Authors: Jampala Soujanya N. , Sarmadi M. , Manolache S. , Denes F. S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSurface rich in covalently‐bonded amine groups have wide end use applications in biomaterials. This article describes functionalization of stainless steel (SS) surface with reactive chemical groups using RF‐cold‐plasma polymerization of ethylene diamine (ED), acrylonitrile (AN), and acetonitrile (AcN). The effect of RF plasma power and frequency (40 kHz and 13.56 MHz) on surface chemistry was investigated by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and FTIR. It was demonstrated that all the plasma‐deposited films consist of secondary and tertiary amines, imines, and amides with a small concentration of nitrile groups present in AN plasma. Significant changes in ED, and AN plasma‐induced molecular fragmentation occur as the plasma conditions are varied. However, AcN plasma polymer chemistry is observed to be independent of RF frequency. Films deposited at 13.56 MHz RF power in continuous mode have higher concentrations of CN linkages, with maximum in ED plasma‐polymerized films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of monodisperse poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres by heterogeneous surface saponification and iodine complex formation
Authors: Lee Se Geun , Lyoo Won Seok 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMonodisperse poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) microspheres with high molecular weight obtained by suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate were saponified in alkaline aqueous solution to keep their spherical structure. The saponification was restricted on the surface of the PVAc microspheres and obtained particles had skin/core structure. Various poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microspheres with different diameters and degrees of saponification (DSs) were obtained. The conversion of PVAc to PVA during the heterogeneous surface saponification time were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and after 72 h hydrogel type PVA microspheres completely saponified were obtained. The crystal melting temperatures of the microspheres obtained by the saponification were measured a constant value of 238°C irrespective of varying DS, and the peaks became enlarged as reaction time. Iodine complexes were formed in saponified microspheres with DS of 41% and 99% by immersing them in I2/KI aqueous solution and decomposed by the reduction of I2 in the complexes to 2I− using sodium sulfite to confirm whether the skin formed through the saponification was composed of PVA with high VA content. Obviously, characteristic blue color developments owing to I5−‐PVA complexes were observed in both saponified regions and a red in the PVAc core. Consequently, it was concluded that the PVA skins formed by heterogeneous surface saponification had high DSs. Such complexes endowed polymeric microspheres a good radiopacity which would be useful in clinical treatment of vascular diseases and were examined by X‐ray irradiation image. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis of alkyd resin from jatropha and rapeseed oils and their applications in electrical insulation
Authors: Patel V. C. , Varughese J. , Krishnamoorthy P. A. , Jain R. C. , Singh A. K. , Ramamoorty M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlkyd resin based on jatropha and rapeseed oils using glycerol, phthalic, and maleic anhydride were synthesized to obtain the resins suitable for electrical applications. These resins were characterized for the physical and electrical properties. Varnishes were prepared using these resins and characterized as per standard methods. In general, both the varnishes prepared from alkyd resin from jatropha and rapeseed oils meet the standard requirements. However, the varnish prepared from rapeseed oil was found to be superior in terms of adhesion, break down voltage, and volume resistivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008