bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐Induced and Alcohol Cue‐Induced Craving in Recently Abstinent Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals
Authors: Fox Helen C. , Bergquist Keri L. , Hong Kwang‐Ik , Sinha Rajita 
Published: January 2007

Background: Research has shown that exposure to stress/negative affect and to alcohol cues can each increase alcohol craving and relapse susceptibility in alcohol‐dependent individuals. However, whether the emotional and physiological states associated with stress‐induced and alcohol cue‐induced craving are comparable has not been well studied. Therefore, this study examined the craving, emotional, and physiological responses to stress and to alcohol cues in treatment‐engaged, 4‐week abstinent, alcohol‐dependent individuals using analogous stress and alcohol cue imagery methods.Method: Twenty treatment‐seeking, alcohol‐dependent participants (18 males/2 females) were exposed to a brief 5‐minute guided imagery procedure that involved imagining a recent personal stressful situation, a personal alcohol cue‐related situation, and a neutral‐relaxing situation, 1 imagery per session presented in random order. Alcohol craving, anxiety and emotion rating scales, cardiovascular measures, and salivary cortisol were compared across the 3 conditions.Results: Exposure to stress and to alcohol cues each produced significant increases in alcohol craving, anxiety, and negative emotions and decreases in positive emotions. Stress‐induced alcohol craving was significantly correlated with increases in sadness, anger, and anxiety ratings, but alcohol cue‐induced craving was associated with decreases in positive affect (joy and neutral relaxed state) and increases in anxiety and fear ratings. Furthermore, stress increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses, but significant increases in salivary cortisol were only observed in the alcohol cue condition.Conclusions: Although both stress and alcohol cues produce increases in anxiety associated with alcohol craving, each produced a dissociable psychobiological state involving subjective emotional, cardiovascular, and cortisol responses. These data could have significant implications for understanding the specific psychobiology associated with stress or alcohol cue exposure and their potential effects on alcohol relapse susceptibility.
The effect of gender on emotion perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Vaskinn A. , Sundet K. , Friis S. , Simonsen C. , Birkenæs A. B. , Engh J. A. , Jónsdóttir H. , Ringen P. A. , Opjordsmoen S. , Andreassen O. A. 
Published: January 2007

Objective:  Impaired emotion perception is documented for schizophrenia, but findings have been mixed for bipolar disorder. In healthy samples females perform better than males. This study compared emotion perception in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and investigated the effects of gender.Method:  Visual (facial pictures) and auditory (sentences) emotional stimuli were presented for identification and discrimination in groups of participants with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and healthy controls.Results:  Visual emotion perception was unimpaired in both clinical groups, but the schizophrenia sample showed reduced auditory emotion perception. Healthy males and male schizophrenia subjects performed worse than their female counterparts, whereas there were no gender differences within the bipolar group.Conclusion:  A disease‐specific auditory emotion processing deficit was confirmed in schizophrenia, especially for males. Participants with bipolar disorder performed unimpaired.
C‐reactive protein promotes monocyte–platelet aggregation: an additional link to the inflammatory‐thrombotic intricacy
Authors: Danenberg Haim D. , Kantak Neelesh , Grad Etty , Swaminathan Rajesh V. , Lotan Chaim , Edelman Elazer R. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract Introduction: C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a risk marker for cardiovascular events in humans with pro‐thrombotic activities in men and mice. Formation of monocyte–platelet aggregates (MPAs) in the blood correlates with acute cardiovascular disease and provides a possible inflammatory‐thrombotic link. We investigated the effect of CRP on MPA ex vivo and in vivo. Methods and results: Monocyte–platelet aggregation was examined by flow cytometry with dual‐labeling for monocytes and platelets. Incubation of human blood with rhCRP doubled MPA formation. CRP‐induced MPA formation is calcium and P‐selectin dependent. Blocking antibodies to the Fc gamma receptor II had no significant effect on MPA formation. Similar effects were noted in transgenic mice, which express the human CRP gene (CRPtg). Constitutive monocyte counts and MPA levels were similar in wild‐type and CRPtg mice. Lipopolysaccharide injection more than fourfold increased monocyte levels in wildtype and CRPtg mice, and preferentially increased MPA in CRPtg compared with wildtype mice. Conclusions: CRP promotes MPAtion ex vivo and in vivo. CRP‐induced aggregation is calcium‐dependent and mediated via P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 binding. Our results suggest an inflammatory‐thrombotic link that is regulated by high levels of CRP. This relationship provides a potential mechanism for CRP's thrombogenic effects and a potential therapeutic target for future intervention.
Regulatory T‐cell phenotype in association with large cell transformation of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Hallermann Christian , Niermann Christoph , Schulze Hans‐Joachim 
Published: January 2007

Abstract Introduction: Tumor cells of primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas are able to adopt a regulatory T‐cell phenotype in vitro. The significance of this finding in vivo is matter of debate. Methods: We stained five cases with transformed mycosis fungoides (MF) with an antibody against FOXP3, which is a sensitive and specific marker for the regulatory T‐cell phenotype. Results: Transformed T cells in four of five patients with MF stained positive for FOXP3. One patient who showed no CD30 expression of large transformed T cells was also negative for FOXP3. Comparison of plaques and tumors in one patient showed that FOXP3 and CD30 expression was exclusively observed in large transformed tumor cells whereas malignant T cells without large cell transformation were negative. Conclusion: Transformation of MF to high grade lymphoma may be associated with the adoption of a regulatory T‐cell phenotype. FOXP3 expression may contribute to aggressive behavior of MF after large cell transformation via immune escape mechanism. The significance of this observation is limited by the low case number in this study.
Provisional Restorations for Optimizing Esthetics in Anterior Maxillary Implants: A Case Report
Authors: Kourtis Stefanos , Psarri Christina , Andritsakis Panagiotis , Doukoudakis Asterios 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe use of implants for the restoration of anterior missing teeth has been established and documented during the past years. However, the use of dental implants in the anterior region is a technique‐sensitive procedure. The placement of implants in an ideal position is often not possible because of the lack of sufficient bone. The clinical situation can be further complicated if the teeth were lost as a result of trauma and there is possible damage to the surrounding soft and hard tissues. The restoration of lost anterior teeth and maintenance of the surrounding soft tissues with adequate surgical and prosthetic techniques are a real challenge for the clinician. The aim of this article was to report the laboratory and clinical stages in the restoration of anterior maxillary teeth, which were lost as a result of trauma with implant‐supported fixed partial denture. In this case, an intraoperative transfer of the impression posts allowed the construction of provisional restorations, which were inserted at implant uncoverage surgery and contributed significantly to the creation of a better emergence profile and to the final esthetic result.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEProvisional restorations are an important stage in anterior maxillary implants, allowing guided soft tissue management and creating an esthetic emergence profile.
EFFECT OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND HIGH OXYGEN MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP) ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BEEF STRIP STEAKS
Authors: STETZER A.J. , WICKLUND R.A. , PAULSON D.D. , TUCKER E.M. , MACFARLANE B.J. , BREWER M.S. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT Carbon monoxide (CO), recently approved as a modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) gas, has the potential to extend color shelf life in case‐ready beef. The objective was to determine how CO versus traditional high oxygen MAP treatments affect beef quality. Strip loins were enhanced with a commercial phosphate–salt solution. Steaks were cut, packaged in atmospheres containing either 0.4% CO/30% CO2/69.6% N2 (HiOx) or 80% O2/20% CO2 (HiOx), aged in the dark for 12 and 26 days, and placed in a lighted retail display case. Steaks were visually evaluated by trained panelists using a 7‐point color scale and a 5‐point surface sheen scale. On days 14 and 28, packages were opened, and steaks were cooked for consumer evaluation. Cooked steaks were cut through for internal cooked color evaluation. Results indicate that CO had no effect on flavor or acceptability and minimal effects on other characteristics, such as color, sheen and purge loss. If the CO environment provides microbiological stability through 28 days, it can be expected that the raw product appearance will not differ from steaks in traditional HiOx packaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSTo prevent surface browning, which occurs over time due to high oxygen environments, carbon monoxide (CO) can be used in modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) fresh beef because it binds very strongly to the meat pigment myoglobin, allowing it to maintain its bright red color and extending its shelf life. Strip loin steaks were packaged in high oxygen MAP or high oxygen plus CO packaging then evaluated by a panel of 100 consumers after 14 and 28 days of storage. CO had some effect on raw color, surface sheen and interior cooked color compared to the high oxygen atmosphere when steaks were evaluated after 14 days. CO had no effect on flavor or acceptability and only minimal effects on other characteristics. Use of this recently approved MAP gas can extend the color shelf life of beef.
A MODIFIED MEAT JUICE CONTAINER (EZ‐DRIPLOSS) PROCEDURE FOR A MORE RELIABLE ASSESSMENT OF DRIP LOSS AND RELATED QUALITY CHANGES IN PORK MEAT
Authors: CORREA J.A. , MÉTHOT S. , FAUCITANO L. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a modified sample handling technique within the “meat juice container (EZ‐DripLoss)” method for drip loss (DL) assessment. To this end, samples were stored for 48 h and dabbed prior to recording sample weight loss after storage instead of being stored for 24 h and nondabbed as recommended in the conventional EZ‐DripLoss method. Ninety‐six pork m. longissimus samples were used. DL value for dabbed samples was higher (P < 0.0001) at both storage time compared with nondabbed samples. Highest correlations were observed between DL and electrical conductivity (r = 0.76) and the lowest with pHu (r = −0.37) in dabbed samples at 48‐h storage time. Highest correlations between DL and subjective color and light reflectance value (r = −0.59 and 0.67, respectively) were found in dabbed samples after 24‐h storage. Longer storage time and sample dabbing improved the reliability of the EZ‐DripLoss methodology for the DL assessment and overall pork quality evaluation.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe EZ‐DripLoss method is included in the routine measurements for pork quality evaluation in several plants in North America. However, the official methodology is questionable due to the short storage time and inaccurate sample handling. Based on the higher correlations with other important quality traits and the more accurate distribution of ioins through the quality classes according to the drip loss value, the modified EZ‐DripLoss method proposed in this paper will allow the users to implement an effective drip loss assessment and overall pork quality prediction both at the cutting plant and at the laboratory.
EFFECTS OF LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND CHILLING METHODS ON QUALITY TRAITS OF PORK M. LONGISSIMUS LUMBORUM
Authors: ZHANG WEN HONG , PENG ZENG QI , ZHOU GUANG HONG , XU XING LIAN , WU JU QING 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT The effects of low voltage electrical stimulation and chilling methods on the quality aspects of pork carcasses were evaluated in this study. A total of 16 pigs (Long white × Huainan) were randomly allocated immediately prior to slaughter to two groups: low voltage electrically stimulated (LVES or ES) or nonstimulated (NS). Carcasses were split before cooling. Each side of the carcass was then randomly allocated to either conventional chilling or blast chilling. Results showed that LVES increased the rate of muscle pH decline in the early time postmortem and accelerated the onset of rigor. But LVES with conventional chilling had disadvantageous effects on water‐holding capacity (WHC), Warner‐Bratalor shear forces and lightness of meat color. However, LVES combined with blast chilling can avoid this disadvantage. And blast chilling achieved low internal muscle temperature faster than with conventional chilling and delayed the rate of muscle pH decline. Furthermore, blast chilling increased WHC of pork without risk of cold toughing. The disadvantageous effect of LVES on pork quality can be equalized by the advantageous effect of blast chilling. Therefore, it is desirable for commercial pig abattoirs to apply blast chilling, or low voltage electrical stimulation combined with blast chilling for rapid processing without compromising meat quality.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere are many pork quality characteristics (i.e., appearance, texture and flavors as well as tenderness, juiciness and other subjective characteristics) that attract consumer attention. Among these, the water‐holding capacity of the pork, color and tenderness are considered the most important quality characteristics. Postmortem treatments involved with the postmortem biochemical process influence pork qualities. Therefore, investigations into the effects of electrical stimulation of pig carcasses, chilling methods, suspension and their combinations on pork qualities should be prerequisites for improving pork qualities.
Skilled digit movements in feline and primate – recovery after selective spinal cord lesions
Authors: Pettersson L‐G. , Alstermark B. , Blagovechtchenski E. , Isa T. , Sasaski S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRecovery of voluntary movements after partial spinal cord injury depends, in part, on a take‐over of function via unlesioned pathways. Using precise forelimb movements in the cat as model, spinal pathways contributing to motor restitution have been investigated in more detail. The food‐taking movement by which the cat graSPS a morsel of food with the digits and brings it to the mouth is governed by interneurones in the forelimb segments (C6‐Th1) and is normally controlled via the cortico‐ and rubrospinal tracts. Food‐taking disappears after transection of these pathways in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus (DLF) in C5/C6, but then recovers during a period of 2–3 weeks. Experiments with double lesions showed that the recovery depends on a take‐over via ipsilateral ventral systems; a ventrally descending pathway, most probably cortico‐reticulospinal, and a pathway via propriospinal neurones in the C3–C4 segments. It is postulated that the recovery involves a plastic reorganization of these systems. Dexterous finger movements in the macaque monkey are generally considered to depend on the monosynaptic cortico‐motoneuronal (CM) connexion, which is lacking in the cat. Such movements are abolished after pyramidotomy at the level of the trapezoid body. However, experiments with transection of the corticospinal tract in the DLF and partly ventral part of the lateral funiculus in C5, showed a fast (1–28 days) recovery of precision grip and, to some extent, independent finger movements. Deficits in preshaping during the final approach to the morsel as well as lack of force were observed. A C5 DLF lesion spares corticofugal pathways to the brainstem and upper cervical segments. It is suggested that indirect corticomotoneuronal pathways may provide for recovery of dexterous finger movements and that the role of CM pathways for such movements should be broadened to include not only the monosynaptic connexion.
Hand function after nerve repair
Authors: Lundborg G. , Rosén B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTreatment of injuries to major nerve trunks in the hand and upper extremity remains a major and challenging reconstructive problem. Such injuries may cause long‐lasting disabilities in terms of lost fine sensory and motor functions. Nowadays there is no surgical repair technique that can ensure recovery of tactile discrimination in the hand of an adult patient following nerve repair while very young individuals usually regain a complete recovery of functional sensibility. Post‐traumatic nerve regeneration is a complex biological process where the outcome depends on multiple biological and environmental factors such as survival of nerve cells, axonal regeneration rate, extent of axonal misdirection, type of injury, type of nerve, level of the lesion, age of the patient and compliance to training. A major problem is the cortical functional reorganization of hand representation which occurs as a result of axonal misdirection. Although protective sensibility usually occurs following nerve repair, tactile discriminative functions seldom recover – a direct result of cortical remapping. Sensory re‐education programmes are routinely applied to facilitate understanding of the new sensory patterns provided by the hand. New trends in hand rehabilitation focus on modulation of central nervous processes rather than peripheral factors. Principles are being evolved to maintain the cortical hand representation by using the brain capacity for visuo‐tactile and audio‐tactile interaction for the initial phase following nerve injury and repair (phase 1). After the start of the re‐innervation of the hand (phase 2), selective de‐afferentation, such as cutaneous anaesthesia of the forearm of the injured hand, allows expansion of the nerve‐injured cortical hand representation, thereby enhancing the effects of sensory relearning. Recent data support the view that training protocols specifically addressing the relearning process substantially increase the possibilities for improved functional outcome after nerve repair.
Survey on the Listeria Contamination of Ready‐to‐Eat Food Products and Household Environments in Vienna, Austria
Authors: Wagner M. , Auer B. , Trittremmel C. , Hein I. , Schoder D. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryQualitative and quantitative contamination of ready‐to‐eat food‐stuffs with the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was studied in 1586 samples collected from 103 supermarkets (n = 946) and 61 households (n = 640) in Vienna, Austria. Seventeen groups of ready‐to‐eat foods were classified into three risk categories for contamination (CP1–CP3). Three to four samples were randomly collected at the retail level from each CP. Regarding the households, the sampling procedure was started with food items of CP1, and if not available, was continued with sampling of food items of CP2 and finally of CP3. Additionally, 184 environmental samples (swabs from the kitchen area, dust samples from the vacuum cleaner) and faecal samples (household members and pet animals) were included. One‐hundred and twenty‐four (13.1%) and 45 (4.8%) samples out of 946 food samples collected from food retailers tested positive for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively, with five smoked fish samples exceeding the tolerated limit of 100 CFU/g food. Food‐stuffs associated with the highest risk of contamination were twice as frequently contaminated with L. monocytogenes as food‐stuffs associated with a medium risk of contamination. Products showing the highest contamination rate were fish and seafood (19.4%), followed by raw meat sausages (6.3%), soft cheese (5.5%) and cooked meat products/patés (4.5%). The overall contamination rate of foods collected at the household level was more than two times lower. Only 5.6% and 1.7% of 640 food‐stuffs analysed tested positive for Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively. However, CP1 foods were rarely collected. Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing of the collected L. monocytogenes isolates revealed a high degree of diversity between the isolates, with some exceptions. PFGE typing of isolates harvested from green‐veined cheese revealed a match among strains, although the manufacturer seemed to be distinguishable. Typing of household strains revealed an epidemiological link within one family. In this case, food‐stuffs and the kitchen environment were contaminated by an indistinguishable isolate. In addition, the same isolate was collected from a pooled faecal sample of the household members suggesting that consumption of even low contaminated food items (<100 CFU/g) results in Listeria shedding after the passage through the gut.
Generalized Fatal Cowpox virus Infection in a Cat with Transmission to a Human Contact Case
Authors: Schulze C. , Alex M. , Schirrmeier H. , Hlinak A. , Engelhardt A. , Koschinski B. , Beyreiß B. , Hoffmann M. , Czerny C.‐P. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryA 4‐month‐old female domestic shorthair cat was infected by a virus of the Poxvirus family. The animal developed a severe pneumonia and generalized ulcerating lesions of the skin. Histologically, typical eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies indicative of an Orthopoxvirus (OPV) infection were present. The lung showed grey‐white to haemorrhagic nodular lesions with a central zone of complete necrosis of alveolar and bronchial tissue. Electron microscopy from skin and lung nodules revealed typical square‐shaped OPV particles. Cultivation of the virus on chorio‐allantoic membranes of embryonated chicken eggs resulted in haemorrhagic plaques. Restriction enzyme analysis, PCR and sequencing of the D8L gene identified the OPV isolate as a typical Cowpox virus. It was transmitted by the cat to a human contact person who developed a local nodular dermatitis at the inoculation site in association with signs of general infection and had an increase of OPV‐specific neutralizing antibodies in paired serum samples.