bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Change processes for attractive work in small manufacturing companies
Authors: Åteg Mattias , Andersson Ing‐Marie , Rosén Gunnar 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe article originates from research in interaction between researchers and companies in a network, which has led to an increasing awareness among managers on issues such as reasons behind difficulties in attracting competent labor. Particularly, attention has been directed toward the importance of work environment improvements that increase the attractivity of industrial work. To deal with such challenges, for more than 5 years a number of small engineering companies, with research support, have been engaged in change processes based on the concept of attractive work. The purpose of the article is to develop knowledge and understanding for how small engineering companies can create more attractive work. One goal is to make it possible to draw conclusions about the employees' experiences of changes in the attractivity of industrial work. Efforts in this direction have been conducted through work environment assessments (before and after the changes) and through administration of a questionnaire. The results show that it is possible to analyze how employees experience changes in the attractivity of work. This is most interesting from the perspective that the results can be used for assisting further improvements. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methods for retrieving hydrologically significant surface parameters from remote sensing: a review for applications to east Asia region
Authors: Matsushita Bunkei , Fukushima Takehiko 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAs human populations and resource use continue to increase, water quality and water resource management will become major problems. With its advantages of large area coverage, high spatial resolution, frequent update and consistent quality, remote sensing has been widely used for hydrological studies and water resources management. This paper focuses on three potential functions of remote sensing for hydrological analysis in east Asia: (1) monitoring water quality in turbid lakes; (2) extracting impervious surface areas (ISAs) from watersheds and (3) estimating evapotranspiration in semi‐arid areas. Reviewing the results of the above three topics, it becomes clear that the ability of the current remote sensing technique is still limited in terms of its use in hydrological simulations. An alternative to improving the sensors is developing effective algorithms to compensate for the limitations of current satellite sensors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re Metcalfe: A matter of fraud, fairness, and reasonableness. The restructuring of the third‐party asset‐backed commercial paper market in Canada
Authors: Forte Mario 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe recent market freeze in third‐party asset‐backed commercial paper in Canada has given rise to a restructuring proceeding of unprecedented size and complexity in Canada. It has led the Courts to refine and perhaps define the interpretative principles underpinning the determination of the scope of under‐inclusive commercial legislation. This paper is a commentary on this unusual proceeding and the judicial analysis employed in the proceeding. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crop pattern and conjunctive use management: A case study
Authors: Karamouz Mohammad , Zahraie Banafsheh , Kerachian Reza , Eslami Ahmad 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a genetic algorithm model is developed to optimise the crop pattern of irrigation networks, considering water allocation priorities and surface and groundwater availability. The objective function of this model is to maximise the net benefits of agricultural products, considering allowable water table fluctuations, pumping costs, as well as the impacts of water supply deficit on crop production. The model is formulated in such a way that both crop pattern and water allocation from surface or groundwater resources are simultaneously optimized. Due to the large number of decision variables and the non‐linearity of the problem, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal solution. One of the main advantages of the proposed model is consideration of the time series of monthly crop water demand, which allows incorporation of demand uncertainty in the development of optimal operation policies. A production function has also been used to estimate the production rate with respect to the amount of water allocation and water supply deficits. The results of the application of this model to agricultural lands in eight irrigation networks in Tehran province in Iran are also presented in the paper. The results include optimal crop pattern and operating policies for surface and groundwater allocation in a long‐term planning horizon. The results of the model application to Tehran plain have shown a significant change in the area allocated to different crops to provide a higher total benefit. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protease activated receptor‐1, PAR1, promotes placenta trophoblast invasion and β‐catenin stabilization
Authors: Grisaru‐Granovsky Sorina , Maoz Myriam , Barzilay Oded , Yin Yong‐Jun , Prus Diana , Bar‐Shavit Rachel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDespite extensive efforts toward elucidation of the molecular pathway controlling cytotrophoblast (CTB) invasion to the uterine decidua, it remains poorly defined. There are striking similarities between tumor cell invasion and cytotrophoblast implantation to the deciduas whereby the role ofProtease Activated Receptors(PARs) andwntsignaling is well recognized. We examine here consequences of modulation of PAR1 and PAR2 expression and function on CTB invasion and β‐catenin stabilization. Toward this end, we utilized a model system of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) organ culture and various placenta cell lines (e.g., JAR and HTR‐8/Svneo). Activation of PAR1 induces EVT invasion whilehPar1‐SiRNA and PAR1 antagonist SCH79797—effectively inhibited it. In parallel, the Wnt inhibitor Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) similarly inhibited it. Nuclear localization of β‐catenin is seen only after PAR1 activation, and is markedly reduced following the application ofhPar1‐SiRNA construct and PAR1 antagonist in CTBs. In contrast, PAR2 elicited a low cytoplasmic β‐catenin level as also proliferation and invasion. In the non‐activated CTBs in‐comparison, β‐catenin appeared limited to the membrane pools. Concomitantly, a temporal regulated pattern ofWnt‐4, 5a, 7b, 10a, 10bexpression is seen along PAR1 appearance. Enforced expression ofWntantagonists,Secreted Frizzled Related Proteins;SFRP2 & 5; into HTR‐8/Svneo, resulted with a markedly reduced nuclear β‐catenin levels, similar to the effect obtained byhPar1‐SiRNA treatment. Identification of PAR1 downstream target/s may nonetheless contribute to the formation of a future platform system for eliciting a firm placenta‐uterus interactions and to the definition of late pregnancy outcomes. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 512–521, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why do some hospital leaders “speak no evil” about their organizations' medical errors?
Authors: Rouse Ruby A. , Kaplan Judith B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSentinel events, preventable medical errors resulting in serious disability or death, are a significant problem for hospital leaders. Accreditation agencies, such as the Joint Commission, urge hospitals to voluntarily disclose information about medical errors. However, some healthcare leaders “speak no evil” by choosing not to release sentinel‐event data. In an effort to increase the reporting of medical errors, several states passed laws mandating disclosure of sentinel events to the government. The state‐reported medical error rates of Indiana hospitals were compared with their leaders' perceptions of quality of care. Regardless of the number of sentinel events occurring at their hospitals, leaders consistently claimed their organizations provided high‐quality care. Two theories, rationalization and gaming, are presented to explain why leaders do not acknowledge the presence of serious quality‐management problems in their organizations.
Collision‐induced loss of AgH from Ag+ adducts of alkylamines, aminocarboxylic acids and alkyl benzyl ethers leads exclusively to thermodynamically favored product ions
Authors: Schäfer Mathias , Dreiocker Frank , Budzikiewicz Herbert 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe loss of AgH from [M + Ag]+ precursor ions of tertiary amines, aminocarboxylic acids and aryl alkyl ethers is examined by deuterium labeling combined with collision activation (CA) dissociation experiments. It was possible to demonstrate that the AgH loss process is highly selective toward the hydride abstraction. For tertiary amines and aminocarboxylic acids, hydrogen originates from the α‐methylene group carrying the nitrogen function (formation of an immonium ion). In all cases examined, the most stable, i.e. the thermodynamically favored product ion is formed. In the AgH loss process, a large isotope effect operates discriminating against the loss of D. The [M + Ag]+ ion of benzyl methyl ether loses a hydride ion exclusively from the benzylic methylene group supporting the experimental finding that the AgH loss reaction selectively cleaves the weakest CH bond available. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of phenolic choline esters from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus by capillary liquid chromatography/electrospray‐ tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Böttcher Christoph , von Roepenack‐Lahaye Edda , Schmidt Jürgen , Clemens Stephan , Scheel Dierk 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTotal phenolic choline ester fractions prepared from seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus were analyzed by capillary LC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS and direct infusion ESI‐FTICR‐MS. In addition to the dominating sinapoylcholine, 30 phenolic choline esters could be identified based on accurate mass measurements, interpretation of collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra, and synthesis of selected representatives. The compounds identified so far include substituted hydroxycinnamoyl‐ and hydroxybenzoylcholines, respective monohexosides as well as oxidative coupling products of phenolic choline esters and monolignols. Phenolic choline esters are well separable by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and sensitively detectable using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. CID mass spectra obtained from molecular ions facilitate the characterization of both the type and substitution pattern of such compounds. Therefore, LC/ESI‐MS/MS represents a valuable tool for comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of this compound class. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FDTD analysis of EBG superstrates
Authors: Frezza F. , Nocito P. , Pajewski L. , Schettini G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRadiating devices, made up by woodpile electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) material superstrates placed over microstrip patches, are taken in consideration. Much interest is devoted to such antennas because of their enhanced directivity. The radiated far‐field has been calculated using an in‐house finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) code. The microstrip position has been changed and the woodpile superstrate has been rotated: the results show interesting properties, useful for the synthesis of such radiating devices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synoptically forced hydroclimatology of major Arctic watersheds in general circulation models; Part 1: the Mackenzie River Basin
Authors: Finnis Joel , Cassano John , Holland Marika , Serreze Mark , Uotila Petteri 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe ability of 14 general circulation models (GCMs) to realistically simulate weather patterns and precipitation regimes affecting the Mackenzie River Basin has been assessed. Applying the method of self‐organizing maps to daily data from the model ensemble and the 40‐year reanalysis project of the ECWMF (ERA‐40), a regional synoptic climatology of sea level pressure was developed and used to analyse the model output. GCM performance, as compared with ERA‐40, varies significantly between models and seasons, but is generally best during the summer and winter. In‐depth examination of a five‐model subset reveals biases in the placement of the Pacific storm track, which may be related to misrepresentations of the Beaufort High. Biases in Mackenzie Basin precipitation are only weakly connected to these circulation errors, and are, instead, primarily the result of inaccurate representations of basin‐scale precipitation regimes. In particular, models allow excessive orographic precipitation along the west coast of North America to intrude into the Mackenzie Basin. These results suggest that projections of the Mackenzie's response to climate change could benefit from climate downscaling studies. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Coadsorption of trimethyl phosphine and thiocyanate on colloidal silver: a SERS study combined with theoretical calculations
Authors: Hu Gengshen , Han Difei , Jia Guoqing , Chen Tao , Feng Zhaochi , Li Can 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe adsorption of trimethyl phosphine (TMP) on colloidal silver has been investigated by means of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS). On the basis of surface selection rules, it is deduced from the SERS results that TMP adsorbs on silver surface via its P atom. The electron donor effect of TMP can be sensitively probed by the coadsorbed SCN−. The Raman wavenumber of νCN of the adsorbed SCN− shifts to lower wavenumbers when TMP is coadsorbed with SCN− and the red shift of C≡N stretching wavenumber is found to increase with increasing surface coverage of TMP. This could be explained in terms of the electron donor effect of TMP. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm the experimental results that the charge transfer is from TMP to silver surface rather than reversely. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis indicates that the red shift of C≡N stretching mode is due the increase of electronic populations of π* orbital of C≡N bond induced by coadsorbed TMP, consequently the C≡N bond is weakened, and the νCN shifts to lower wavenumbers. An NBO analysis also indicates that the conjugated effect between S atom and C≡N bond could easily make the charge transfer from silver surface to C≡N bond. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishing permissible erosion rates for various landforms in Delhi State, India
Authors: Jha P. , Nitant H. C. , Mandal D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPermissible erosion rate also known as soil loss tolerance (‘T’ value) is defined as maximum erosion that can take place on a given soil without degrading its long‐term productivity. In India, default ‘T’ value of 11·2 Mg ha−1 y−1 is used for devising land restoration strategies for different types of soils. However, ability of soil to resist degradation varies with soil type, depth and physico‐chemical characteristics. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to determine ‘T’ value of different landforms of Delhi State by taking into account the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC), bulk density (BD), organic carbon, erodibility and soil pH. Soil state was defined by a quantitative model and scaling functions were used to convert soil parameters to a 0–1 scale. The normalised values were multiplied by appropriate weighting factors based on relative importance and sensitivity analysis of each indicator. Categorical rankings of I, II or III were assigned to soil groups based on overall aggregate score. ‘T’ value of different landforms of Delhi State was computed using the guideline of USDA‐Natural Resource Conservation Services. Majority of landforms of Delhi had ‘T’ value of 12·5 Mg ha−1 y−1, except for the soils of hill terrain, dissected hill, pediment and piedmont plain, where ‘T’ value ranged from 5 to 10 Mg ha−1 y−1. These ‘T’ values could be used for conservation planning and will help the planners in devising suitable land restoration strategies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Amylose‐Grafted Cellulose
Authors: Omagari Yuji , Matsuda Shun‐ichi , Kaneko Yoshiro , Kadokawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the chemoenzymatic synthesis of an amylose‐grafted cellulose. A maltoheptaose was chemically introduced to the amine‐functionalized cellulose by reductive amination to produce the maltoheptaose‐grafted cellulose. Then, the phosphorylase‐catalyzed enzymatic polymerization of glucose 1‐phosphate from the graft‐chain ends on the cellulose derivative was performed, giving the amylose‐grafted cellulose. The obtained material is shown to form gels and films. The dry and wet cycles of the materials were repeated.magnified image
A Water‐Borne Adhesive Modeled after the Sandcastle Glue of P. californica
Authors: Shao Hui , Bachus Kent N. , Stewart Russell J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPolyacrylate glue protein analogs of the glue secreted by Phragmatopoma californica, a marine polycheate, were synthesized with phosphate, primary amine, and catechol sidechains with molar ratios similar to the natural glue proteins. Aqueous mixtures of the mimetic polyelectrolytes condensed into liquid complex coacervates around neutral pH. Wet cortical bone specimens bonded with the coacervates, oxidatively crosslinked through catechol sidechains, had bond strengths nearly 40% of the strength of a commercial cyanoacrylate. The unique material properties of complex coacervates may be ideal for development of clinically useful adhesives and other biomaterials.magnified image
Potential mapping technique for the detection of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures: Investigation of parameters influencing the measurement and determination of the reliability of the method
Authors: Schiegg Y. , Büchler M. , Brem M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe potential distribution around a corrosion site in concrete was modeled by means of a simple mathematical model for a rod‐shaped anode. Based on these calculations the influencing parameters and the limits of the potential mapping technique were determined. They demonstrate that the location of anodes depends on the anode length, the concrete coverage, and the measuring grid. Moreover small anodes with less than 1 cm length are virtually impossible to localize. Investigations on concrete elements without reinforcing steel showed that heterogeneous water content and chloride distribution can result in potential differences of up to 150 mV on the concrete surface. This effect was related to the streaming potential and the diffusion overpotential in the concrete. In order to determine the reliability of the potential mapping technique in the field application, the concrete on a tunnel wall was removed after the measurement of the potential distribution and the corrosion loss of the steel was determined. It was found that all corrosion sites with more than 2 mm material loss were detected by the potential mapping technique. Only some smaller corrosion sites were not found. Based on this investigation, the applicability of the potential mapping technique for detecting corrosion sites was confirmed. The observed high reliability of the potential mapping technique can be explained by a combination of the heterogeneous wetting of the concrete, the inhomogeneous contamination with chloride, and the macrocell formation.
Real‐time monitoring of weather radar antenna pointing using digital terrain elevation and a Bayes clutter classifier
Authors: Rico‐Ramirez Miguel Angel , Gonzalez‐Ramirez Efren , Cluckie Ian , Han Dawei 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a novel technique to monitor continuously the azimuthal pointing accuracy of a weather radar antenna. The technique consists of cross‐correlating between modelled and measured echoes from ground clutter in real‐time at low elevation angles under precipitation and non‐precipitation conditions. The azimuthal angle lag with the maximum cross‐correlation indicates the adjustment needed in antenna pointing. The modelled ground clutter echoes were obtained using high‐resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data whereas the measured ground clutter echoes can be obtained in real‐time using a Bayes classifier, which identifies the clutter echoes in the presence of precipitation. The technique has been successfully tested in the Thurnham radar in Southeast England. This method can be used by data users as well as radar operators. It should complement the traditional methods based on sun measurements. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
NMR investigation of chlorophosphorylation products of N‐vinylazoles
Authors: Larina Lyudmila I. , Rozinov Vladimir G. , Dmitrichenko Mikhail Yu. , Es'kova Lyudmila A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe structure of novel phosphorus‐containing N‐vinylazoles prepared by action of phosphorus pentachloride has been studied by multinuclear 1H, 13C, 15N, 31P and two‐dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy. N‐vinyl‐substituted 1,2‐diazoles and 1,2,3‐triazoles have undergone phosphorylation, exclusively, on double bond. N‐vinylazoles‐based hexa‐coordinated phosphorus compounds have been synthesized for the first time. 31P NMR spectroscopy provides the most convenient and unambiguous method for the investigation of E—Z‐isomeric structures of phosphorylated enamines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cortical voluntary activation of the human knee extensors can be reliably estimated using transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Sidhu Simranjit K. , Bentley David J. , Carroll Timothy J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine if a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method of quantifying the degree to which the motor cortex drives the muscles during voluntary efforts can be reliably applied to the human knee extensors. Although the technique for estimating “cortical” voluntary activation (VA) is valid and reliable for elbow flexors and wrist extensors, evidence that it can be applied to muscles of the lower limb is necessary if twitch interpolation with TMS is to be widely used in research or clinical practice. Eight subjects completed two identical test sessions involving brief isometric knee extensions at forces ranging from rest to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Electromyographic (EMG) responses to TMS of the motor cortex and electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve were recorded from the rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, and knee extension twitch forces evoked by stimulation were measured. The amplitude of TMS‐evoked twitch forces decreased linearly between 25% and 100% MVC (r2 > 0.9), and produced reliable estimations of resting twitch and VA (ICC2,1 > 0.85). The reliability and size of cortical measures of VA were comparable to those derived from motor nerve stimulation when the resting twitches were estimated on the basis of as few as three TMS trials. Thus, TMS measures of VA may provide a reliable and valid tool in studies investigating central fatigue due to exercise and neurological deficits in neural drive in the lower limbs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 2008