bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the characterization of the hot Neptune/super-Earth population around nearby bright stars
Authors: Lovis C. , Mayor M. , Bouchy F. , Pepe F. , Queloz D. , Udry S. , Benz W. , Mordasini C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe HARPS search for low-mass extrasolar planets has been ongoing for more than 4 years, targeting originally about 400 bright FGK dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. The published low-mass planetary systems coming from this survey are fully confirmed by subsequent observations, which demonstrate the sub-m/s long-term stability reached by HARPS. The complex RV curves of these systems have led us to focus on a smaller sample of stars, accumulating more data points per star. We perform a global search in our data to assess the existence of the large population of ice giants and super-Earths predicted by numerical simulations of planet formation. We indeed detect about 45 candidates having minimum masses below 30 M⊕ and orbital periods below 50 days. These numbers are preliminary since the existence of these objects has to be confirmed by subsequent observations. However, they indicate that about 30% of solar-type stars may have such close-in, low-mass planets. Some emerging properties of this low-mass population are presented. We finally discuss the prospects for finding transiting objects among these candidates, which may possibly yield the first nearby, transiting super-Earth.
Misaligned spin-orbit in the XO-3 planetary system?
Authors: Hébrard G. , Bouchy F. , Pont F. , Loeillet B. , Rabus M. , Bonfils X. , Moutou C. , Boisse I. , Delfosse X. , Desort M. , Eggenberger A. , Ehrenreich D. , Forveille T. , Lagrange A.-M. , Lovis C. , Mayor M. , Pepe F. , Perrier C. , Santos N. C. , Queloz D. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Vidal-Madjar A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe SOPHIE Consortium started a large program of exoplanets search and characterization in the Northern hemisphere with the new spectrograph SOPHIE at the 1.93-m telescope of Haute-Provence Observatory, France. The objectives of this program are to characterize the zoo of exoplanets and to bring strong constraints on their processes of formation and evolution using the radial velocity technique. We present here new SOPHIE measurements of the transiting planet host star XO-3. This allowed us to observe the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect and to refine the parameters of the planet. The unusual shape of the radial velocity anomaly during the transit provides a hint for a nearly transverse Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. The sky-projected angle between the planetary orbital axis and the stellar rotation axis should be λ = 70° ± 15° to be compatible with our observations. This suggests that some close-in planets might result from gravitational interaction between planets and/or stars rather than migration. This result requires confirmation by additional observations.
Kinematics of the SWEEPS transiting planet candidates
Authors: Clarkson Will , Sahu Kailash , Anderson Jay , Smith T. Ed , Brown Thomas M. , Casertano Stefano , Rich R Michael , Bond Howard E. , Livio Mario , Minniti Dante , Panagia Nino , Renzini Alvio , Valenti Jeff , Zoccali Manuela 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn 2004 a deep sequence of HST images of the Bulge was used to identify sixteen transiting extrasolar planet candidates (the SWEEPS candidates; Sahu et al. 2006), of which at least seven are likely to be true planets. Of these, SWEEPS-4 is almost certainly in the disk, and was shown through radial velocity followup to contain a planetary companion; the identification of the remaining fifteen candidates was left undetermined.We have used a repeat visit in 2006 to attach proper motions to some 180,000 objects, including all sixteen SWEEPS candidates. This has allowed us to build a sample of bulge stars to unprecedented purity. A population of more than 13,000 bulge objects is kinematically isolated, with fewer than thirty disk contaminants. We use the mean bulge and disk populations to test the balance of kinematic associations for the sixteen SWEEPS candidates. Assuming both the detectability and the astrophysical false-positive fraction to be similar for disk and bulge, we find the fraction of stars with planets in the bulge to be consistent with that in the disk.
A time-dependent radiative model for the atmosphere of the eccentric transiting planets
Authors: Iro Nicolas , Deming Drake 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present a time-dependent radiative model for the atmosphere of the transiting planets that takes into account the eccentricity of their orbit. We investigate the temporal temperature and flux variations due to the planet-star distance variability. We will also discuss observational aspects with Spitzer measurements.
The hydrogen exosphere of exoplanet HD 209458b detected with HST/ACS
Authors: Ehrenreich D. , des Etangs A. Lecavelier , Hébrard G. , Désert J.-M. , Vidal-Madjar A. , McConnell J. C. , Parkinson C. D. , Ballester G. E. , Ferlet R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractExospheric atomic hydrogen escaping from the planet HD 209458b provides the largest observational signature ever detected for an extrasolar planet atmosphere. We present observations of this transiting planet's extended exosphere with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope. From the two transit light curves obtained at Lyman α, we find an in-transit absorption of (8.0±5.7)%, in good agreement with previous studies. These new constraints on the size of the exosphere strengthens the evaporation scenario. Full details are provided in Ehrenreich et al. (2008).
Absorption Spectra of the Prototype Hot-Jupiters: determination of atmospheric constituents and structure
Authors: Sing David K. , Lecavelier A. , Désert J.-M. , Vidal-Madjar A. , Ballester G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe two prototype hot-Jupiter exoplanets HD209458b and HD189733b are currently offering an unprecedented view of their atmospheres. As discussed here, primary transit transmission spectra provide the opportunity to identify specific atomic and molecular species, determine their abundances, and recover temperature-pressure-altitude information. We present a reanalysis of existing HST/STIS data on HD209458b, providing a complete optical transmission spectrum. Analysis of this spectrum have revealed: (1) the planetary abundance of sodium which is ~2X solar (2) a depletion of sodium at high altitudes due to condensation or ionization (3) Rayleigh scattering by H2 (3) a high temperature at pressures of 10's mbar consistent with the dayside inversion (4) a separate high-altitude hot temperature from the planet's thermosphere and (5) likely absorption by TiO/VO. While HD209458b and HD189733b are currently the best candidates for these studies, another ~10 exoplanets are good targets with today's instruments for future transmission-based atmospheric detections.
Detection of Planetary Emission from TrES-2 using Spitzer/IRAC
Authors: O'Donovan Francis T. , Charbonneau David , Harrington Joseph , Seager Sara , Deming Drake , Knutson Heather A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present here results from observations of TrES-2 made using the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope. We monitored this transiting system during two secondary eclipses, when the planetary emission is blocked by the star. The resulting decrease in flux is 0.135 ± 0.036%, 0.245 ± 0.027%, 0.162 ± 0.064%, and 0.295 ± 0.066%, at 3.6-μm, 4.5-μm, 5.8-μm, and 8.0-μm, respectively. We find evidence for a temperature inversion in the atmosphere of TrES-2, which is predicted by Fortney and collaborators based on the proposed importance of TiO and VO opacities for this highly irradiated gas giant. We also find the time of the center of the eclipse to be consistent with predictions from transit timing observations of TrES-2. This implies that TrES-2 most likely has a circular orbit, and thus does not obtain additional thermal energy from tidal dissipation of a non-zero orbital eccentricity, a proposed explanation of the large planetary radius.
Inverting Phase Curves to Map Exoplanets
Authors: Cowan Nicolas B. , Agol Eric 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOne of the most exciting results of the Spitzer era has been the ability to construct longitudinal brightness maps from the infrared phase variations of hot Jupiters. We presented the first such map in Knutsonet al. (2007), described the mapping theory and some important consequences in Cowan & Agol (2008) and presented the first multi waveband map in Knutsonet al. (2008). In these proceedings, we begin by putting these maps in historical context, then briefly describe the mapping formalism. We then summarize the differences between the complementary N-Slice and Sinusoidal models and end with some of the more important and surprising lessons to be learned from a careful analytic study of the mapping problem.
StowawayMITEs inHordeum(Poaceae): evolutionary history, ancestral elements and classification
Authors: Petersen Gitte , Seberg Ole 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGiven the lack of direct observational data relating to transposition ofStowawayminiature inverted repeat transposable elements, phylogenetic methods may provide a means of generating data that adds to our knowledge of these elements. In a phylogenetic framework the evolutionary history of homologous elements may be traced, and the nucleotide sequence of elements at or close to the time of insertion can be reconstructed. Based on a phylogeny of the diploid species of the genusHordeumwe explore evolutionary aspects of four non‐homologous groups ofStowawayelements inserted into three nuclear genes: nucellin, xylose isomerase, and barley leucine zipper 1. The data illustrate how elements starting from a high degree of sequence similarity between terminal inverted repeat regions gradually degrade, and confirm previous notions about preferential insertion at particular TA target sites. It is shown how creation of consensus sequences as estimates of ancestral elements may be positively misleading. TheStowawayfamily of transposable elements is often further divided into subfamilies based on sequence similarity between elements. Sequence similarity data from the elements discovered in the xylose isomerase gene, and other elements found through BLAST searches in GenBank, reveal inconsistency in the rules used for classification. In order to reflect natural groups, a classification of transposable elements must be based on phylogenetic evidence rather than raw similarity. © The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
Pastoralist’s livestock and settlements influence game bird diversity and abundance in a savanna ecosystem of southern Kenya
Authors: Morris Dana L. , Western David , Maitumo David 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe investigated the vegetation structure and density of game birds along a successional gradient created by varying intensity of human settlement in a pastoral community in Shompole group ranch in southern Kenya. We examined four habitat types including heavily‐grazed grass in currently occupied settlements, short grass in seasonal settlements, patches of bushed woodland in settlement sites that had been abandoned up to 30 years ago, and tall grass in a wildlife sanctuary. Vegetation biomass was the highest in the sanctuary where livestock are excluded and the lowest in the vicinity of currently occupied settlements. Abundance of doves (Oena spp. and Streptopelia spp.) was best associated with moderate grazing and per cent green grass, which provide good foraging opportunities. Francolin and spurfowl (Francolinus spp.) were positively associated with vegetation biomass. Quail (Coturnix spp.) were positively associated with tree cover. These data reflect the importance of maintaining a balance of wildlife and livestock grazing with patches of ungrazed grasslands and bushed woodlands in providing a mosaic of habitats that support a diverse population of game birds. The results have wide application for an integrated management approach to livestock, wildlife and game bird management in the savannas.
Effects of habitat disturbance and food supply on population densities of three primate species in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya
Authors: Mammides Christos , Cords Marina , Peters Marcell K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhile habitat disturbance and food availability are major factors thought to determine the abundance of primates, evidence for their importance is uneven. We assessed the effects of these factors on three monkey species, guerezas (Colobus guereza), blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) and redtails (Cercopithecus ascanius), in four areas of the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Group densities of guerezas and blue monkeys were higher in areas where disturbance levels were also higher. Food availability measured as basal area density of food trees did not correlate significantly with the group densities of any of the three monkeys. The diversity of food trees, another potential measure of food abundance did, however, correlate with group densities of guerezas and blue monkeys suggesting that food availability may positively influence monkey density, and may sometimes increase with disturbance. Group densities of redtails did not correlate with any habitat variable examined, suggesting that factors other than those we considered may have influenced the abundance of this species particularly.
A comprehensive analysis of QTL for abdominal fat and breast muscle weights on chicken chromosome 5 using a multivariate approach
Authors: Le Mignon G. , Pitel F. , Gilbert H. , Le Bihan‐Duval E. , Vignoles F. , Demeure O. , Lagarrigue S. , Simon J. , Cogburn L. A. , Aggrey S. E. , Douaire M. , Le Roy P. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryQuantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing the weight of abdominal fat (AF) and of breast muscle (BM) were detected on chicken chromosome 5 (GGA5) using two successive F2 crosses between two divergently selected ‘Fat’ and ‘Lean’ INRA broiler lines. Based on these results, the aim of the present study was to identify the number, location and effects of these putative QTL by performing multitrait and multi‐QTL analyses of the whole available data set. Data concerned 1186 F2 offspring produced by 10 F1 sires and 85 F1 dams. AF and BM traits were measured on F2 animals at slaughter, at 8 (first cross) or 9 (second cross) weeks of age. The F0, F1 and F2 birds were genotyped for 11 microsatellite markers evenly spaced along GGA5. Before QTL detection, phenotypes were adjusted for the fixed effects of sex, F2 design, hatching group within the design, and for body weight as a covariable. Univariate analyses confirmed the QTL segregation for AF and BM on GGA5 in male offspring, but not in female offspring. Analyses of male offspring data using multitrait and linked‐QTL models led us to conclude the presence of two QTL on the distal part of GGA5, each controlling one trait. Linked QTL models were applied after correction of phenotypic values for the effects of these distal QTL. Several QTL for AF and BM were then discovered in the central region of GGA5, splitting one large QTL region for AF into several distinct QTL. Neither the ‘Fat’ nor the ‘Lean’ line appeared to be fixed for any QTL genotype. These results have important implications for prospective fine mapping studies and for the identification of underlying genes and causal mutations.
Enantioselective disposition of fexofenadine with the P‐glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil
Authors: Sakugawa Takashi , Miura Masatomo , Hokama Nobuo , Suzuki Toshio , Tateishi Tomonori , Uno Tsukasa 
Published: February 2009

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Recently, we have shown that itraconazole co‐administration increases the plasma concentrations ofS(−)‐ andR(+)‐fexofenadine enantiomers, and it appears to affect this P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp)‐mediated transport ofS(−)‐fexofenadine to a greater extent compared with that ofR(+)‐fexofenadine.• Although verapamil is a P‐gp inhibitor and co‐administration is known to increase the bioavailability of racemic fexofenadine, little is known about the inhibitory effect of verapamil for each fexofenadine enantiomer.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Similar to the drug‐interaction study with itraconazole, verapamil altered the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine to a greater extent onS(−)‐fexofenadine than onR(+)‐fexofenadine.• This effect by verapamil may be due to the differing affinities of P‐gp for each enantiomer.• However, since the inhibitory effect of verapamil did not eliminate the difference in pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers, it is likely that other mechanisms in addition to P‐gp contribute to the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine.AIMSThe aim was to compare possible effects of verapamil, as a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of each fexofenadine enantiomer, as a P‐gp substrate.METHODSThirteen healthy Japanese volunteers (10 male and three female) were enrolled. In a randomized, two‐phase, crossover design, verapamil was dosed 80 mg three times daily (with total daily doses of 240 mg) for 6 days, and on day 6, a single 120‐mg dose of fexofenadine was administered along with an 80‐mg dose of verapamil. Subsequently, fexofenadine was administered alone after a 2‐week wash‐out period. The plasma concentrations of fexofenadine enantiomers were measured up to 24 h after dosing.RESULTSDuring the control phase, the mean AUC0–∞ofS(−)‐andR(+)‐fexofenadine was 700 ng h–1 ml–1[95% confidence interval (CI) 577, 823] and 1202 ng h–1 ml–1(95% CI 1007, 1396), respectively, with a significant difference (P< 0.001). Verapamil had a greater effect on the pharmacokinetic parameters ofS(−)‐fexofenadine compared with those of theR(+)‐enantiomer, and increased AUC0–∞ofS(−)‐fexofenadine andR(+)‐fexofenadine by 3.5‐fold (95% CI of differences 1.9, 5.1;P< 0.001) and by 2.2‐fold (95% CI of differences 1.7, 3.0;P< 0.001), respectively. TheR/Sratio for the AUC0–∞was reduced from 1.76 to 1.32 (P< 0.001) by verapamil treatments.CONCLUSIONThis study indicates that P‐gp plays a key role in the stereoselectivity of fexofenadine pharmacokinetics, since the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine enantiomers were altered by the P‐gp inhibitor verapamil, and this effect was greater forS‐fexofenadine compared withR‐fexofenadine.
Factors influencing the long‐term outcome of primary total knee replacement in haemophiliacs: a review of 116 procedures at a single institution
Authors: Solimeno Luigi P. , Mancuso Maria E. , Pasta Gianluigi , Santagostino Elena , Perfetto Samantha , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: February 2009

SummaryTotal knee replacement (TKR) is a safe treatment for alleviating pain and restoring physical function in end‐stage arthropathy of the knee. First reports of TKR in haemophiliacs date back to the mid‐1970s, however detailed information on long‐term outcome is scarce. This study evaluated factors influencing the outcome of 116 primary TKRs performed consecutively over 14 years at a single institution. Haemostatic management is discussed in patients with and without inhibitors. Orthopaedic outcome was measured by using the Hospital for Special Surgery knee‐rating scale, knee flexion contracture and range of motion. At the end of follow‐up period (median duration: 5·1 years) 96 prostheses (83%) were still in place with a 7‐year removal‐free survival of 81%, similar between human immunodeficiency virus‐positive and ‐negative patients and lower in inhibitor than non‐inhibitor patients (44% vs. 87%; P < 0·05). Sixteen prostheses (14%) were removed for infection (nine) or aseptic loosening (seven) after a median of 4·5 years. Presence of inhibitors, continuous infusion, cementless prostheses and different primary surgeons were associated with an increased risk of infection; however, after adjustment, only primary surgeon was confirmed as an independent risk factor. These results show that TKR represents a safe and effective procedure in haemophiliacs if performed by a highly experienced surgeon.
Resveratrol inhibits fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Gnoni G. V. , Paglialonga G. 
Published: February 2009

ABSTRACTBackground  The putative role of resveratrol, a polyphenol present in grapes and other plants, in modulating dislypidemia, thus preventing cardiovascular diseases, is generally based on proliferating cell lines and in vivo studies in different pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether resveratrol plays a role on lipid biosynthesis in rat hepatocytes.Materials and methods  The effect of resveratrol on total rate of fatty acid, cholesterol and complex lipid synthesis, assayed by the incorporation of [1‐14C]acetate into these lipid fractions, was investigated in rat hepatocyte suspensions. Enzyme activities of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) as well as 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase (HMG‐CoA‐R), pace‐setting steps of de novo fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, respectively, were in situ measured in digitonin‐permeabilized hepatocytes.Results  Resveratrol‐treated hepatocytes exhibited a short‐term (30 min) inhibition (IC50 ~25 µm) of total fatty acid synthesis from [1‐14C]acetate. Among neosynthesized fatty acids, palmitic acid formation was mainly reduced, thus suggesting that enzymatic step(s) of de novo fatty acid synthesis was affected by resveratrol. In digitonin‐permeabilized hepatocytes, only ACC activity was noticeably reduced, while no change in FAS activity was observed. A noticeable resveratrol‐induced reduction of label incorporation into triacylglycerols was also detected. Conversely, cholesterol synthesis and HMG‐CoA‐R activity were unaffected by resveratrol.Conclusion  Results here reported show that in isolated hepatocytes from normal rats a resveratrol‐induced short‐term inhibition of fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis occurs. This finding may represent a potential mechanism contributing to the reported hypolipidemic effect of resveratrol.