bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flame retardancy behaviors and structural properties of polypropylene/nano‐SiO2composite textile filaments
Authors: Erdem Nilufer , Cireli Aysun A. , Erdogan Umit H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe number of efforts about modifying the properties of polymeric fibers by organic or inorganic particles has increased recently because of high‐tech applications of textiles. In addition to these attempts, the discovery of nanotechnology also leads to the development of nanoparticles for various end uses such as nanocomposite fibers. In this article, we aimed to produce slow burning or flame retardant polypropylene filaments for carpet pile yarns by incorporating SiO2nanoparticles into polymer. Therefore, we present the preparation of filaments incorporating 0.3, 1, and 3% SiO2nanoparticles and investigate the effects of nanoparticles on the flame retardancy and structural behavior of filaments. Polypropylene and nanoparticles were compounded by melt‐compounding using twin‐screw extruder before spinning. Filaments with trilobal cross sections were spun using pilot melt spinning equipment. The structural properties of nanocomposite fibers were analyzed using X‐ray difractometry, differential scanning calorymetry, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile tests. The flammability behaviors of filaments were evaluated using the oxygen index method. The effect of nanoparticles on structural properties and flame retardancy behaviors of filaments were summarized and discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Novel polymer composites based on a mixture of preformed nanosilica‐filled poly(methyl methacrylate) particles and a diepoxy/diamine thermoset system
Authors: Castrillo P. D. , Olmos D. , González‐Benito J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this work, a new material based on an epoxy thermoset modified with a thermoplastic filled with silica nanoparticles was investigated. When thermoplastic particles are filled with nanoparticles with unique properties such as high efficiency for absorbing ultraviolet light, electric or magnetic shielding, high electrical conductivity, and high dielectric constants, more than an enhancement of the mechanical properties is expected to be achieved for modified epoxy‐based thermosets. Particles of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) filled with silica nanoparticles were used to modify a thermoset based on a full reaction between diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and 3‐(aminomethyl)benzylamine. When the preformed thermoplastic particles were mixed with the reactive constituents of the epoxy system under certain curing conditions in which total miscibility was avoided, uniform particle dispersions could be obtained. The relationships between the composition, morphology (nanoscale and microscale), glass‐transition temperature, mechanical properties, and fracture toughness were considered. Four main results were obtained for consideration of the potential of silica‐filled PMMA as an important modifier of brittle epoxy thermoset systems: (1) a good dispersion of the silica nanoparticles in the PMMA domains, (2) a good dispersion of the silica‐filled PMMA microparticles in the epoxy matrix, (3) the possibility of partial dissolution of the PMMA‐rich domains into the epoxy system, and (4) a slight increase in properties such as the hardness, indentation modulus, and fracture toughness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of side‐chain cholesteric liquid‐crystalline polysiloxanes containing different space groups
Authors: Wang Ji‐Wei , Meng Fan‐Bao , Li Yuan‐Hao , Zhang Bao‐Yan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA series of liquid‐crystalline (LC) polysiloxanes were synthesized by two different cholesteric monomers, cholest‐5‐en‐3‐ol(3β)‐10‐undecenoate and cholesteryloxycarbonylmethyl 4‐allyloxybenzoate. The chemical structures and LC properties of the monomers and polymers were characterized by various experimental techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized optical microscopy. The specific rotation absolute values increased with increasing rigid spacers between the main chain and the mesogens. All of the polymers exhibited thermotropic LC properties and revealed cholesteric phases with very wide mesophase temperature ranges. With a reduction in the soft‐space groups in the series of polymers, the glass‐transition temperature and the isotropic temperature increased slightly on heating cycles. Reflection spectra of the cholesteric mesophase of the series of polymers showed that the reflected wavelength shifted to short wavelengths with decreasing soft‐space groups in the polymers systems, which suggested that the helical pitch became shorter with increasing rigid‐space groups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Green strength of natural rubber: The origin of the stress–strain behavior of natural rubber
Authors: Amnuaypornsri Sureerut , Sakdapipanich Jitladda , Tanaka Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe variation of the green strength of natural rubber (NR) with the preparation method of the film was studied to elucidate the origin of the stress–strain behavior characteristics of NR in connection with the structure of branch points in NR. A rubber film prepared via casting from NR latex showed the highest modulus and green strength in comparison with films prepared via casting from a toluene solution and via the hot pressing of dry rubber. The modulus and green strength of the NR latex‐casting film decreased after the hot‐press treatment of the film. On the other hand, no difference was observed for synthetic cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene rubber with the preparation method of the film or the heat treatment. This stress–strain behavior characteristics of NR can be ascribed to the changes in the branch points of the NR film with the casting method, which may result in differences in entanglement and crystallizability on stretching. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis, Structure, and Application of Self‐Assembled Copper(II) Aqua Complex by H‐Bonding for Acceleration of the Nitroaldol Reaction on Water
Authors: Jammi Suribabu , Ali Md Ashif , Sakthivel Sekarpandi , Rout Laxmidhar , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSimple addition: Copper(II) aqua complex 1 can be prepared in a one‐pot synthesis and is self‐assembled by H‐bond interactions. Complex 1 is shown to accelerate the nitroaldol reaction on water, which is a heterogeneous process, requiring no additive or base, and 1 can be recycled without loss of activity.magnified imageCopper(II) aqua complex 1 has been prepared in a one‐pot synthesis. The single crystal X‐ray analysis showed that the complex is self‐assembled through aqua ligands by H‐bond interactions and the copper(II) atoms are pentacoordinated with square pyramidal geometry. Complex 1 has been studied for the acceleration of the nitroalodol reaction on water. It is a clean technological process and the catalyst can be recycled without loss of activity.
Disposable bioprocessing: The future has arrived
Authors: Rao Govind , Moreira Antonio , Brorson Kurt 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIncreasing cost pressures are driving the rapid adoption of disposables in bioprocessing. While well ensconced in lab‐scale operations, the lower operating/ validation costs at larger scale and relative ease of use are leading to these systems entering all stages and operations of a typical biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. Here, we focus on progress made in the incorporation of disposable equipment with sensor technology in bioprocessing throughout the development cycle. We note that sensor patch technology is mostly being adapted to disposable cell culture devices, but future adaptation to downstream steps is conceivable. Lastly, regulatory requirements are also briefly assessed in the context of disposables and the Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) and Quality by Design (QbD) initiatives. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 348–356. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐genome transcriptional and physiological responses of Nitrosomonas europaea to cyanide: Identification of cyanide stress response genes
Authors: Park Sunhwa , Ely Roger L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNitrosomonas europaea (ATCC 19718) is one of several nitrifying species that participate in the biological removal of nitrogen from wastewater by oxidizing ammonia to nitrite, the first step in nitrification. Because nitrification is quite sensitive to cyanide, a compound often encountered in wastewater treatment plants, we characterized the physiological and transcriptional responses of N. europaea cells to cyanide. The cells were extremely sensitive to low concentrations of cyanide, with ${\rm NO}_2^ - $ production and ammonia‐dependent oxygen uptake rates decreasing by 50% within 30 min of exposure to 1 µM NaCN. Whole‐genome transcriptional responses of cells exposed to 1 µM NaCN were examined using Affymetrix microarrays to identify stress‐induced genes. The transcript levels of 35 genes increased more than 2‐fold while transcript levels of 29 genes decreased more than 20‐fold. A gene cluster that included moeZ (NE2353), encoding a rhodanese homologue and thought to be involved in detoxification of cyanide, showed the highest up‐regulation (7‐fold). The down‐regulated genes included genes encoding proteins involved in the sulfate reduction pathway, signal transduction mechanisms, carbohydrate transport, energy production, coenzyme metabolism, and amino acid transport. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1645–1653. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Biomimetic Synthesis of Oligostilbenoid Dimers from Resveratrol Analogues: Influence of the Solvent, Oxidant, and Substitution
Authors: Velu Saraswati S. , Buniyamin Irmaizatussyehdany , Ching Lee Kiew , Feroz Fareeda , Noorbatcha Ibrahim , Gee Lim Chuan , Awang Khalijah , Wahab Ibtisam Abd. , Weber Jean‐Frédéric Faizal 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOligostilbenoids are polyphenols that are widely distributed in nature with multifaceted biological activities. To achieve biomimetic synthesis of unnatural derivatives, we subjected three resveratrol analogues to oligomerization by means of one‐electron oxidants. Upon varying the metal oxidant (AgOAc, CuBr2, FeCl3⋅6 H2O, FeCl3⋅6 H2O/NaI, PbO2, VOF3), the solvent (over the whole range of polarities), and the oxygenated substitution pattern of the starting material, stilbenoid oligomers with totally different carbon skeletons were obtained. Here we propose to explain the determinism of the type of skeleton produced with the aid of hard and soft acid/base concepts in conjunction with the solvating properties of the solvents and the preferred alignment by the effect of π stacking.
Ephrin‐A5 regulates the formation of the ascending midbrain dopaminergic pathways
Authors: Cooper Margaret A. , Kobayashi Kazuto , Zhou Renping 
Published: November 2008

AbstractDopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain project to the caudate/putamen and nucleus accumbens, respectively, establishing the mesostriatal and the mesolimbic pathways. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of these pathways are not well understood. In the current study, the EphA5 receptor and its corresponding ligand, ephrin‐A5, were shown to regulate dopaminergic axon outgrowth and influence the formation of the midbrain dopaminergic pathways. Using a strain of mutant mice in which the EphA5 cytoplasmic domain was replaced with β‐galactosidase, EphA5 protein expression was detected in both the ventral tegmental area and the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Ephrin‐A5 was found in both the dorsolateral and the ventromedial regions of the striatum, suggesting a role in mediating dopaminergic axon‐target interactions. In the presence of ephrin‐A5, dopaminergic neurons extended longer neurites in in vitro coculture assays. Furthermore, in mice lacking ephrin‐A5, retrograde tracing studies revealed that fewer neurons sent axons to the striatum. These observations indicate that the interactions between ephrin‐A ligands and EphA receptors promote growth and targeting of the midbrain dopaminergic axons to the striatum. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Trajectory tracking control of mobile robot by fluid model
Authors: Miyata Junichi , Murakami Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a fluid model‐based path planning of mobile robot. In previous research, the authors proposed TBSA (Time‐Based Spline Approach) for smooth motion of industrial robots [1]. The TBSA is a powerful method in industrial applications, but the future position and velocity commands must be known to use it. In the general applications of repeat motion, this assumption is acceptable. In the path planning of a mobile robot, however, the future position and velocity commands are unknown. To address the above issue, a strategy to generate the path of a mobile robot based on the fluid model is proposed in this paper. The combination of the TBSA and the generated path by the fluid model brings a smooth motion of mobile robots. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(5): 41–48, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10114
Maximum efficiency control of a system composed of a piezoelectric transformer and cold cathode tube driven by inverter, and its characteristics
Authors: Sugimoto Hidehiko , Shimizu Toshihiro , Morishima Yasuyuki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper concerns a control method in which cold cathode tube used for liquid crystal display, etc. is made to light at maximum efficiency. In the system composed of inverter, LC circuit, piezoelectric transformer, and cold cathode tube, tube current is controlled at the height of inverter output voltage, and the efficiency is controlled at the frequency. In this way, maximum efficiency control which does not depend on tube current is realized by carrying out tube current control and efficiency control separate. Maximum efficiency control method is deduced, after the characteristics of piezoelectric transformer and cold cathode tube are well examined, and the performance of the control has been confirmed by simulation and experiment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 82– 93, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20567
Model predictive control based switching of multimodal controllers in switched systems
Authors: Zanma Tadanao , Yamakaji Akira , Ishida Muneaki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn real systems, there exist physical constraints such as voltage limitations imposed on actuators or state restriction due to their structure. Violation constraints in systems may cause instability, or in the worst case, result in malfunction. In this paper, a switching algorithm of multimodal controllers in switched systems is proposed. The method is based on the model predictive control. Both simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 73–81, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20702
Effects of output power fluctuation on short‐circuit current of induction‐type wind power generators
Authors: Kumano Teruhisa 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEffects of the fluctuation inherent in wind speed are studied by a probabilistic method. The random variation in wind speed is responsible for random behavior in output power and internal voltage of a wind power generator. In case of fault occurrence at the instant of high internal voltage, the resultant short‐circuit current will be big, and vice versa. The DC component is also affected. According to the study, 2.4% and 1.3% increase of short‐circuit current in AC and DC components are observed respectively in a large variation case. This implies that the wind speed variation should be considered for accurate short‐circuit study. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(3): 27–36, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20721
Chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of lipophilic ferulates and their evaluation for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Kanjilal Sanjit , Shanker Kaki Shiva , Rao Kotte Sagar , Reddy Kunduru Konda , Rao Bhamidipati V. S. K. , Kumar Kota B. Shiva , Kantam Mannepalli L. , Prasad Rachapudi B. N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn efficient chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of ferulic acid‐based structured lipids mimicking triacylglycerol with a pendant phenolic moiety was carried out for the first time. Initially, ferulic acid was reduced to coniferyl alcohol, followed by its esterification with fatty acids. The key step in the synthesis was dihydroxylation of the olefinic side chain of coniferyl ester, which was eventually esterified with fatty acids to generate phenolic structured lipids. Two such compounds of varying fatty acid chain lengths were synthesized in good yield. Structural confirmation of both compounds is based on IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and MS techniques. The synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Both compounds exhibited moderate to good antioxidant activity. The phenolic structured lipid with only shorter‐chain fatty acids showed antibacterial activity. Both compounds did not show any antifungal activity.
Detection of recombinant growth hormone in human plasma by a 2‐D PAGE method
Authors: Kohler Maxie , Püschel Klaus , Sakharov Dimitri , Tonevitskiy Alexander , Schänzer Wilhelm , Thevis Mario 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHuman growth hormone (GH) has several central metabolic functions including bone growth in childhood, and its anabolic and lipolytic effects in particular are assumed reasons for the abuse of GH by athletes. Human endogenous GH consists of a main 22 kDa variant and several isoforms. In contrast, recombinant GH consists of only one variant being identical to the main endogenous isoform. The method presented here separates different isoforms by 2‐D PAGE after isolation of GH from plasma using an immunoaffinity purification system. While samples containing endogenous GH yield up to four isoforms, samples with recombinant GH contain the main 22 kDa spot only. Normalized spot volumes (NSV) are calculated after addition of an internal standard and a discrimination limit was determined at 0.52 for the NSV of the main 22 kDa spot. Above this value, samples containing endogenous GH show at least the main 22 kDa isoform and the 20 kDa splice variant. In contrast, samples with a NSV >0.52 and only one spot are suspicious to contain recombinant GH. This method detects discrete isoforms of GH from plasma and discriminates endogenous GH from its recombinant analog, which makes it useful for doping control purposes.
Volume reconstruction of large tissue specimens from serial physical sections using confocal microscopy and correction of cutting deformations by elastic registration
Authors: Čapek Martin , Brůža Petr , Janáček Jiří , Karen Petr , Kubínová Lucie , Vagnerová Radomíra 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA set of methods leading to volume reconstruction of biological specimens larger than the field of view of a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) is presented. Large tissue specimens are cut into thin physical slices and volume data sets are captured from all studied physical slices by CLSM. Overlapping spatial tiles of the same physical slice are stitched in horizontal direction. Image volumes of successive physical slices are linked in axial direction by applying an elastic registration algorithm to compensate for deformations because of cutting the specimen. We present a method enabling us to keep true object morphology using a priori information about the shape and size of the specimen, available from images of the cutting planes captured by a USB light microscope immediately before cutting the specimen by a microtome. The errors introduced by elastic registration are evaluated using a stereological point counting method and the Procrustes distance. Finally, the images are enhanced to compensate for the effect of the light attenuation with depth and visualized by a hardware accelerated volume rendering. Algorithmic steps of the reconstruction, namely elastic registration, object morphology preservation, image enhancement, and volume visualization, are implemented in a new Rapid3D software package. Because confocal microscopes get more and more frequently used in scientific laboratories, the described volume reconstruction may become an easy‐to‐apply tool to study large biological objects, tissues, and organs in histology, embryology, evolution biology, and developmental biology. In this work, we demonstrate the reconstruction using a postcranial part of a 17‐day‐old laboratory Wistar rat embryo. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenoviral‐mediated gene transfer of Gadd45a results in suppression by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in pancreatic cancer cell
Authors: Li Yunfeng , Qian Haili , Li Xiao , Wang Haijuan , Yu Jing , Liu Yongjun , Zhang Xueyan , Liang Xiao , Fu Ming , Zhan Qimin , Lin Chen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe extremely poor prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma indicates the need for novel therapeutic approaches. The growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible (Gadd) gene Gadd45a is a member of a group of genes that are induced by DNA damaging agents and growth arrest signals.MethodsWe evaluated the biological activity of Gadd45a in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer‐derived cell lines and assessed the efficacy of a combined treatment with adenoviral‐mediated expression of Gadd45a (Ad‐G45a) and anticancer drug (Etoposide, cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, respectively) for the PANC1 cell line.ResultsGadd45a is variously expressed in cell lines derived from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer and adenoviral‐mediated expression of Gadd45a (Ad‐G45a) in these cells results in apoptosis via caspase activation and cell‐cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Gadd45a significantly increased the chemosensitivity of PANC1, which may be due to abundant apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. By combinational treatment of Ad‐G45a infection and chemotherapeutics, Gadd45a expression was elevated to a higher extent in cancer cells with wild‐type p53 than in that with knocked‐out p53 status, indicating a higher chemosensitivity to cancer chemotherapy.ConclusionsGadd45a may be a promising candidate for use in cancer gene therapy in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of hydrogen bonding in the vibrational spectra of trans‐cinnamic acid
Authors: Nolasco Mariela M. , Amado Ana M. , Ribeiro‐Claro Paulo J. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA computationally‐assisted methodology to assign the vibrational spectra of molecular materials (PiMM) has been successfully applied to the Raman and infrared (IR) spectra of trans‐cinnamic acid (t‐CIA) in the solid state. The effects of molecular association through OH···O hydrogen‐bonding in both the wavenumber and the intensity of the bands are accurately described by a single dimer structure. This supports the discrimination between the possible conformers in the solid, the complete evaluation of hydrogen‐bonding effects, and the full assignment of the vibrational spectra of t‐CIA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.