bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo corrosion behavior of Mg‐Mn‐Zn alloy for bone implant application
Authors: Xu Liping , Yu Guoning , Zhang Erlin , Pan Feng , Yang Ke 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMagnesium alloy has been implanted in rats to investigate the in vivo degradation behavior of magnesium for bone implant application. After 9 weeks postoperation, 100% implants were fixed and no inflammation was observed. Histological analysis showed new bone was formed around magnesium implant and no difference was found in the histological microstructure of the new bone and the cortical bone. A degradation or reaction layer, which was mainly composed of Ca, P, O, and Mg, was formed on the surface of magnesium alloy implants. High Ca content in the degradation layer displayed that magnesium could promote the deposition of Ca. Residual area calculation has showed that 10–17% magnesium alloy implant has been degraded in vivo. Compared with that of the controlled rats, no increase in serum magnesium and no disorder of kidney were observed after 15 weeks postoperation. After 18 weeks postoperation, 100% magnesium implants were fixed and no inflammation was observed. About 54% magnesium implant has degraded in vivo. Element analysis showed that Zn and Mn in Mg‐Mn‐Zn alloy distributed homogeneously in the residual magnesium implant, the degradation layer, and the surrounding bone tissue after 18 weeks implantation, indicating that Zn and Mn elements were easily absorbed by bioenvironment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Expression of tumor suppressor p53 facilitates DNA repair but not UV‐induced G2/M arrest or apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary CHO‐K1 cells
Authors: Chang Yu‐Ching , Liao Chu‐Bin , Hsieh Pei‐Yu Chiang , Liou Ming‐Li , Liu Yin‐Chang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTumor suppressor p53 is an essential regulator in mammalian cellular responses to DNA damage including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our study with Chinese hamster ovary CHO‐K1 cells indicates that when p53 expression and its transactivation capacity was inhibited by siRNA, UVC‐induced G2/M arrest or apoptosis were unaffected as revealed by flow cyotmetric analyses and other measurements. However, inhibition of p53 rendered the cells slower to repair UV‐induced damages upon a plasmid as shown in host cell reactivation assay. Furthermore, the nuclear extract (NE) of p53 siRNA‐treated cells was inactive to excise the UV‐induced DNA adducts as analyzed by comet assay. Consistently, the immunodepletion of p53 also deprived the excision activity of the NE in the similar experiment. Thus, tumor suppressor p53 of CHO‐K1 cells may facilitate removal of UV‐induced DNA damages partly via its involvement in the repair mechanism. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 528–537, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On divisible designs and local algebras
Authors: Spera Antonino Giorgio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe study the action of the group PGL(m,A) on the projective space PG(m − 1,A) over a finite commutative local algebra A in order to construct a class of divisible designs, denoted by Dm(d,A), which is the classical one of 2‐designs (of points and of flats of fixed projective dimension) in the case where A is a field. We also study the constructed divisible designs with particular care for the case where d = m − 1. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Impact of a bedside procedure service on general medicine inpatients: A firm‐based trial
Authors: Lucas Brian P. , Asbury Joseph K. , Wang Yue , Lee Kuenok , Kumapley Rudolf , Mba Benjamin , Borkowsky Shane , Asmar Abdo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDProcedure services may improve the training of bedside procedures. However, little is known about how procedure services may affect the demand for and success of procedures performed on general medicine inpatients.OBJECTIVEDetermine whether a procedure service affects the number and success of 4 bedside procedures (paracentesis, thoracentesis, lumbar puncture, and central venous catheterization) attempted on general medicine inpatients.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGLarge public teaching hospital.PATIENTSNineteen hundred and forty‐one consecutive admissions to the general medicine service.INTERVENTIONA bedside procedure service was offered to physicians from 1 of 3 firms for 4 weeks. This service then crossed over to physicians from the other 2 firms for another 4 weeks.MEASUREMENTSData on all procedure attempts were collected daily from physicians. We examined whether the number of attempts and the proportion of successful attempts differed based on whether firms were offered the beside procedure service.RESULTSThe number of procedure attempts was 48% higher in firms offered the service (90 versus 61 per 1000 admissions; RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06–2.10; P = .030). More than 85% of the observed increase was a result of procedures with therapeutic indications. There were no differences between firms in the proportions of successful attempts or major complications.CONCLUSIONSThe availability of a procedure service may increase the overall demand for bedside procedures. Further studies should refine the indications for and anticipated benefits from these commonly performed invasive procedures. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:143–149. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Genetic control of basal midbrain development
Authors: Puelles Eduardo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent breakthroughs in the understanding of the genetic program that controls specification of ventral cell fate in the spinal cord and hindbrain have produced useful tools for the study of similar genetic networks in the more complex rostral regions of the central nervous system. Several research groups have elucidated key factors in the potential signaling processes, as well as transcription factors necessary for differentiation of various basal midbrain nuclei. Importantly, there has been substantial progress in understanding the genetic cascade involved in specifying dopaminergic neurons. This knowledge will be crucial in the understanding and possible treatment of Parkinson's disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No effect of genetic deletion of contactin‐associated protein (CASPR) on axonal orientation and synaptic plasticity
Authors: Pillai Anilkumar M. , Garcia‐Fresco German P. , Sousa Aurea D. , Dupree Jeffrey L. , Philpot Benjamin D. , Bhat Manzoor A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMyelinated axons are endowed with a specialized domain structure that is essential for saltatory action potential conduction. The paranodal domain contains the axoglial junctions and displays a unique ultrastructure that resembles the invertebrate septate junctions (SJs). Biochemical characterizations of the paranodal axoglial SJs have identified several molecular components that include Caspr and contactin (Cont) on the axonal side and neurofascin 155 kDa (NF155) isoform on the glial side. All these proteins are essential for the formation of the axoglial SJs. Based on the interactions between Caspr and Cont and their colocalization in the CA1 synaptic areas, it was proposed that the synaptic function of Cont requires Caspr. Here we have extended the phenotypic analysis of CASPR mutants to address further the role of Caspr at the axoglial SJs and also in axonal orientation and synaptic plasticity. We report that, in CASPR mutants, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) forms elongated membranous complexes that accumulate at the nodal/paranodal region and stretch into the juxtaparanodal region, a defect that is consistent with the paranodal disorganization. We show that the cerebellar microorganization is unaffected in CASPR mutants. We also demonstrate that Caspr function is not essential for normal CA1 synaptic transmission and plasticity. Taken together with previous findings, our results highlight that the Caspr/Cont complex is essential for the formation of axoglial SJs, whereas Cont may regulate axonal orientation and synaptic plasticity independent of its association with Caspr. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minocycline modulates chemokine receptors but not interleukin‐10 mRNA expression in hypoxic‐ischemic neonatal rat brain
Authors: Kremlev Sergey G. , Roberts Rebecca L. , Palmer Charles 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury in the perinatal period causes significant morbidity. Minocycline (MN) is a tetracycline derivative that has reduced brain injury in various animal models of neurodegeneration, including perinatal ischemia. To determine whether MN can modulate the expression of chemokine receptors and interleukin‐10 (IL10) in a model of neonatal brain injury, we produced an HI insult to the right cerebral hemisphere (ipsilateral) of the 7‐day‐old rat (PD7) by right common carotid artery ligation and 2.25 hr of hypoxia in 8% oxygen. MN (45 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (PBS) was injected twice: 2 days and immediately before the HI insult. At 0, 1, 3, and 24 hr and 14 days after HI, total RNA from the ipsilateral and contralateral (exposed to hypoxia only) hemispheres was extracted, reverse transcribed, and amplified with gene‐specific primers using a semiquantitative RT‐PCR for macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α), interferon‐inducible protein (IP‐10), C‐C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5; MIP‐1α receptor), C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3; IP‐10 receptor), and IL10. We found that, in the ipsilateral hemisphere, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in MIP‐1α, IP‐10, CCR5, and CXCR3 mRNA levels was observed. MN treatment decreased mRNA levels for CCR5 and CXCR3. In contrast, the levels of antiinflammatory cytokine IL10 were markedly decreased as a result of HI insult. Treatment with MN, however, had no effect on IL10. We conclude that MN decreased proinflammatory chemokine receptor expression but had little or no influence on the expression of antiinflammatory cytokine IL10. These effects confirm the antiinflammatory effect of MN in neonatal HI brain injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural plasticity of neonatal hypoglossal nerve for effective suckling
Authors: Fukushima Nanae , Yokouchi Kumiko , Kawagishi Kyutaro , Kakegawa Akira , Ezawa Naoki , Moriizumi Tetsuji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe adaptive movement of the tongue after unilateral lesion of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve during the early postnatal days is essential for recovery of milk intake. The present study investigated the basic mechanisms underlying such adaptation, focusing on the neural plasticity that allows effective suckling. After resection of the ipsilateral XII nerve on P1, 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlolate (DiI), a postmortem neuronal tracer, was applied to the contralateral uninjured XII nerve on P4 and P7. DiI‐labeled fibers were traced successfully within the tongue and showed gradually increased extension over the XII nerve‐injured side in the central core portion of the denervated tongue between P4 and P7. Systematic neuroanatomic experiments showed that contralateral axonal sprouting occurred as early as 1 day after nerve injury (P2), and that such axonal sprouting occurred exclusively from the medial branch of the XII nerve responsible for tongue protrusion, an essential movement for suckling. These findings provide direct evidence of functional neural plasticity that allows effective suckling in XII nerve‐injured newborns with suckling disturbance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonoporation mediated transduction of pDNA/siRNA into joint synovium in vivo
Authors: Saito Masazumi , Mazda Osam , Takahashi Kenji A. , Arai Yuji , Kishida Tsunao , Shin‐Ya Masaharu , Inoue Atsuo , Tonomura Hitoshi , Sakao Kei , Morihara Toru , Imanishi Jiro , Kawata Mitsuhiro , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of sonoporation method on in vivo transduction of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) into joint tissue. pGEG.GL3 plasmid was mixed with microbubble and injected into knee joints of rats. Ultrasound sonication was performed percutaneously. Three days after injection, GL3 expression of synovial tissue was determined by luciferase assay and RT‐PCR. siRNA specific for GL3 (siGL3) or nonspecific siRNA were mixed with pGEG.GL3 plasmid and transduced by sonoporation. siRNA specific for EGFP (siEGFP) was transduced into the knee joints of EGFP transgenic rats, and gene silencing effects for endogenous gene were examined. To determine the localization of transduced siRNA, fluorescently labeled siRNA was transduced into joints. The expression of GL3 in the synovium was significantly enhanced by sonoporation. The gene expression was only seen in the synovium of the knee joint. The expression of GL3 was remarkably suppressed by co‐transduction of siGL3, but not suppressed by nonspecific siRNA. siEGFP transduced by sonoporation attenuated green fluorescence on the surface layer of synovium of EGFP transgenic rats. The fluorescently labeled siRNA was seen in the synovium around the patella, femur, and tibia. Sonoporation is examined as a recent, novel, gene transduction method, and the advantage of this technique is minimal invasiveness. In this study, we showed that pDNA/siRNA can be transduced specifically into the joint synovium using sonoporation. The present method may be useful in nucleic acid therapy for joint disorders. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1308–1316, 2007
Synovial fluid recruits human mesenchymal progenitors from subchondral spongious bone marrow
Authors: Endres Michaela , Neumann Katja , Häupl Thomas , Erggelet Christoph , Ringe Jochen , Sittinger Michael , Kaps Christian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMicrofracture is a frequently used reparative technique that induces a healing response in articular cartilage defects. Penetration of the subchondral bone leads to blood clot formation, allows multipotent mesenchymal cells to access the defect and, subsequently, leads to cartilaginous repair tissue. The aim of our study was to analyze the chemotactic recruitment of human subchondral spongious bone marrow‐derived cells by synovial fluid (SF) from normal donors (ND), patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Subchondral spongious bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal progenitors were isolated from bone cylinders after high tibial osteotomy and analyzed for the presence of stem cell‐related cell surface antigens by flowcytometry. Recruitment of subchondral progenitors by normal SF and SF from donors with degenerated joint diseases was documented by using a modified Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay. The chemotaxis assay demonstrated that synovial fluid has the potential to recruit mesenchymal progenitors in vitro. SF from normal donors and patients with OA showed no difference in the potential to stimulate cell migration. SF obtained from RA donors showed significantly reduced cell recruitment compared to SF derived from OA patients (p = 0.0054) and normal donors (p < 0.0001). The chemotactic activity of SF obtained from normal donors and from patients with degenerative joint diseases suggests that SF may be actively involved in the migration of progenitors in cartilage defects after microfracture. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1299–1307, 2007
In vitro model of full‐thickness cartilage defect healing
Authors: Tam Hok Kei , Srivastava Ajay , Colwell Clifford W. , D'Lima Darryl D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIntegration of the host–graft interface is implicated as one of the significant reasons for lack of complete healing in osteochondral grafting procedures for the treatment of cartilage lesions. We developed an in vitro model of cartilage healing in an osteochondral setting to study the effect of developmental age and collagenase treatment. Circular full‐thickness vertical surgical incisions were made in the cartilaginous portion of cylindrical bovine osteochondral specimens. Two age groups were selected: Young (1–2 months old) and Older (6–8 months old). Cartilage integration across the surgical incisions was assessed by histologic analysis and by mechanical push‐out testing at 2 and 4 weeks in culture. Histologic integration as well as peak push‐out shear stress was significantly higher in older calf cartilage than in the young calf. Collagenase pretreatment in the older calf samples increased push‐out strength at 4 weeks. Histologic integration correlated well with the mechanical push‐out strength. Developmental age and time after injury affected the response to collagenase pretreatment. This osteochondral cartilage integration model can be useful to study factors that modulate healing of surgical replacement procedures in vitro, which may aid the development of newer approaches to promote the healing of cartilage defects. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1136–1144, 2007
Toward a field of traumatic stress
Authors: Figley Charles R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe cumulative effect of scholarly and professional activities associated with the concept of traumatic stress suggests, it is noted here, that a new field of study is emerging. The paper first defines traumatic stress and a field of study. It is noted here that eight factors are necessary to qualify as a field of study. The factors noted include: a history, professional organizations, publications, theory, measurement, research methodology, intervention technology, and actions affecting policy and the judicial system. These factors are considered separately. The final section discusses the “new frontiers” of this emerging field. A three‐dimensional model is presented that depicts the finite number of directions for building a scientific literature in traumatic stress studies. The paper concludes with an invitation to readers to add to this literature by contribution to the Journal of Traumatic Stress.
Dissociation and hypnosis in post‐traumatic stress disorders
Authors: Spiegel David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAfter noting the fundamental differences between the agenda of ordinary psychotherapy and the treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the paper discusses the concept of trauma vis‐à‐vis PTSD using Yalom's (1981) four existential themes of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness as organizing principles. The middle section of the paper focuses on the role of dissociation in the symptomatology of PTSD, suggesting, among other things, that many PTSD symptoms are dissociative in nature; that it is a defense against both memories of the event and the experience itself. Research is reviewed supporting the connection between PTSD and hypnotizability and the use of hypnosis in treating traumatic stress is discussed followed by two case examples. The latter section focuses on the limitations of hypnosis, transference considerations, and ends with a summary of the author's eight “C's” treatment approach: confront, condensation, confession, consolation, consciousness, concentration, control, and congruence.
Four syndromes of post‐traumatic stress disorder: Stressors and conflicts of the traumatized with special focus on the Vietnam combat veteran
Authors: Glover Hillel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFour clinical syndromes of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are described in this paper. These syndromes can be observed in many Vietnam veterans who have combat‐related stress disorders. Each syndrome has its own independent stressor and central emotional conflict. These conflicts are: (1) survival guilt secondary to losing a close friend, (2) fear and anxiety secondary to life‐threatening situations, (3) guilt and related conflicts secondary to participation in acts of abusive violence, (4) mistrust secondary to the experience of betrayal of trust, especially by persons in authority. The four syndromes and their associated central emotional conflicts are compared with each other across the following five psychological dimensions of behavior: (1) types of emotional symptoms of distress, (2) disturbances in interpersonal relationships, (3) problems with aggression, (4) alterations in self‐concepts, and (5) characteristic changes in the manifest content of dreams. Comparisons are also made with other survivor/victim populations in which similar emotional conflicts have been described.
A five‐phase treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in families
Authors: Figley Charles R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a rationale for and application of family therapy to traumatized clients and the families of these clients. After noting the frequency of trauma‐inducing, highly stressful events, the paper briefly reviews the relevant traumatic stress literature. Next the paper includes a description of a theoretical orientation which draws from both the literatures of traumatic stress and family therapy. The bulk of the paper explicates a five‐phase treatment approach to treating traumatized families. These phases are: (1) Building Commitment to the Therapeutic Objectives, (2) Framing the Problem, (3) Reframing the Problem, (4) Developing a Healing Theory, and (5) Closure and Preparedness. The concepts of victim blaming, roundtable testimonials, and healing theory are introduced and discussed here. The latter part of the paper presents several challenges for researchers and clinicians who are interested in traumatized families.
Psychological and physical abuse in the schools: A paradigm for understanding post‐traumatic stress disorder in children and youth
Authors: Hyman Irwin A. , Zelikoff Wendy , Clarke Jacqueline 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe literature on Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children is rather sparse. Most accounts describe only the aftereffects of horrendous traumas. Yet there is evidence that children are also vulnerable to a wider range of stressor than adults. Since the nosology for PTSD is based upon adult psychopathology, there is a need to examine the syndrome in light of current knowledge about development, psychopathology, and ecological factors in children's lives. The purpose of this paper is to present evidence that the pattern of symptoms of PTSD in children is different from those in adults. The paradigm presented was generated by work with children and youth who were the victims of excessively punitive disciplinary practices in schools. An updated overview of the literature on PTSD in children is presented. Case studies and retrospective data are offered in support of the need to differentiate child/adolescent PTSD from adult nosology and to understand the nature of PTSD when it occurs as a result of school related abuse.
Brief dynamic psychotherapy of post‐traumatic stress disorders: Management of narcissistic regression
Authors: Marmar Charles R. , Freeman Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTheoretical and research advances of the past decade have contributed to a general theory of the technique of brief dynamic psychotherapy. Future advances depend in part on the specific modification of technique to address individuals with specific personality difficulties in specific life contexts. The purpose of the present paper is to delineate the modifications of brief dynamic therapy for persons with transient narcissistic regression following traumatic life experiences. The approach stresses initial supportive work to be followed by exploration of warded‐off conflicts involving greater self‐critical awareness on the part of the patient. The implications of this sequential strategy for the formation of the therapeutic alliance, the choice and working through of a problem focus, and the handling of termination, are spelled out with reference to a detailed single case example.