bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marfan Syndrome—An Orthodontic Perspective
Authors: Utreja Achint , Evans Carla A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Marfan syndrome is a heritable disorder of connective tissue that can affect the heart, blood vessels, lungs, eyes, bones, and ligaments. It is characterized by tall stature, elongated extremities, scoliosis, and a protruded or caved-in breastbone. Patients typically have a long, narrow face. A high-arched palate produced by a narrow maxilla and skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathia are other common features. For a patient with no family history of the disorder, at least three body systems must be affected before a diagnosis can be made. Individuals affected by the syndrome routinely seek orthodontic treatment to correct the orofacial manifestations. In this report, the authors present the records of three patients with Marfan syndrome who were treated at a dental school. Two patients had severe periodontal disease in the absence of significant contributing local factors. The presentation of systemic symptoms and typical physical characteristics varied. The syndrome thus went unnoticed in one patient for many years. We discuss here the observed intraoral findings and the progress of orthodontic treatment to provide a brief overview of the challenges involved in treating such patients.
Orthodontic Treatment Including Autotransplantation of a Mature Tooth
Authors: Nishimura Kazuaki , Amano Shinobu , Nakao Kimihisa , Goto Shigemi 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The patient was a 24-year-old Japanese female. The chief complaints were crowding and masticatory dysfunction due to the missing right first molar. Her maxillary first premolars had been extracted when she was a primary school student. We planned orthodontic treatment with extraction of the mandibular first premolars and transplantation of the mandibular left first premolar into the maxillary right first molar area. We made a diagnostic setup model to initiate an appropriate treatment plan for the discrepancy in tooth size ratio. Following the diagnostic setup model, the space in the maxillary right first molar area was closed by a small amount of tooth movement, and a good occlusion was achieved. The patient had been in retention for 7 years, and the occlusion has been maintained very well during this time. In the follow-up, 10 years after autotransplantation, no signs of inflammatory or replacement root resorption were found, and marginal bone support appeared similar to that of neighboring teeth.
Comparative Philosophy and the Liberal Arts: Between and Beyond—Educating to Cultivate Geocitizens
Authors: McCarthy Erin 
Published: September 2008

Abstract:In this paper, I critically engage the meaning of creating multicultural, diverse communities on Liberal Arts campuses through comparative philosophy with a feminist orientation, speaking to theory on undergraduate liberal arts education, my own research and teaching. In Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom, bell hooks remarks that the “call for a recognition of cultural diversity, a rethinking of ways of knowing, a deconstruction of old epistemologies, and the concomitant demand that there be a transformation in our classrooms, in how we teach and what we teach, has been a necessary revolution—one that seeks to restore life to a corrupt and dying academy” (29–30). Teaching comparative philosophy can be pivotal in this revitalization of the academy and can also contribute to one of the fundamental goals of education in the liberal arts in particular—that of educating world citizens or “geocitizens,” who are prepared to make significant contributions to the multicultural world we live in. I draw on Japanese philosophy, through Watsuji Tetsuro in particular, and on Luce Irigaray's feminist philosophy as well as on current scholarship in liberal arts education to suggest that comparative philosophy can play a pivotal role in fostering the development of ethical geocitizens.
Model-based Design of Clinical Information Systems
Authors: Werner J. , Lee Y. , Malin B. , Ledeczi A. , Mathe J. 
Published: September 2008

Summary
Objective: The goal of this research is to provide a framework to enable the model-based development, simulation, and deployment of clinical information system prototypes with mechanisms that enforce security and privacy policies.

Methods:
We developed the Model-Integrated Clinical Information System (MICIS), a software toolkit that is based on model-based design techniques and highlevel modeling abstractions to represent complex clinical workflows in a service-oriented architecture paradigm. MICIS translates models into executable constructs, such as web service descriptions, business process execution language procedures, and deployment instructions. MICIS models are enriched with formal security and privacy specifications, which are enforced within the execution environment.

Results:
We successfully validated our design platform by modeling multiple clinical workflows and deploying them onto the execution platform.

Conclusions:
The model-based approach shows great promise for developing, simulating, and evolving clinical information systems with formal properties and policy restrictions.
Model-based Security Analysis of the German Health Card Architecture
Authors: Rumm R. , Jürjens J. 
Published: September 2008

Summary

Objectives:
Health-care information systems are particularly security-critical. In order to make these applications secure, the security analysis has to be an integral part of the system design and IT management process for such systems.

Methods:
This work presents the experiences and results from the security analysis of the system architecture of the German Health Card, by making use of an approach to model-based security engineering that is based on the UML extension UMLsec. The focus lies on the security mechanisms and security policies of the smart-card-based architecture which were analyzed using the UMLsec method and tools.

Results:
Main results of the paper include a report on the employment of the UMLsec method in an industrial health information systems context as well as indications of its benefits and limitations. In particular, two potential security weaknesses were detected and countermeasures discussed.

Conclusions:
The results indicate that it can be feasible to apply a model-based security analysis using UMLsec to an industrial health information system like the German Health Card architecture, and that doing so can have concrete benefits (such as discovering potential weaknesses, and an increased confidence that no further vulnerabilities of the kind that were considered are present).
Fuel Cell Membrane Electrode Assemblies Fabricated by Layer‐by‐Layer Electrostatic Self‐Assembly Techniques
Authors: Taylor André D. , Michel Marc , Sekol Ryan C. , Kizuka Jeremy M. , Kotov Nicholas A. , Thompson Levi T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHigh activity, carbon supported Pt electrocatalysts were synthesized using a supercritical fluid method and a selective heterogeneous nucleation reaction to disperse Pt onto single walled carbon nanotube and carbon fiber supports. These nanocomposite materials were then incorporated into catalyst and gas diffusion layers consisting of polyelectrolytes, i.e., Nafion, polyaniline, and polyethyleneimine using layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly techniques. Due to the ultrathin nature and excellent homogeneity characteristics of LBL materials, the LBL nanocomposite catalyst layers (LNCLs) yielded much higher Pt utilizations, 3,198 mW mgPt−1, than membrane electrode assemblies produced using conventional methods (∼800 mW mgPt−1). Thinner membranes (100 bilayers) can further improve the performance of the LNCLs and these layers can function as catalyzed gas diffusion layers for the anode and cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.
Conversion of Propargylic Alcohols to β‐Oxo Esters Catalyzed by Novel Ruthenium‐Phosphoramidite Complexes
Authors: Costin Stephen , Rath Nigam P. , Bauer Eike B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of half‐sandwich phosphoramidite complexes of ruthenium were synthesized and employed as catalysts in the atom‐economical formation of β‐oxo esters from carboxylic acids and propargylic alcohols. Reaction of the phosphoramidites (R)‐BINOL‐PNR2 (R=Me, 1a; i‐Pr, 1b; benzyl, 1c) and (rac)‐6,6′‐dibromo‐BINOL‐PNMe2 (1d) with the dimeric p‐cymene‐ruthenium dichloride complex, [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2, gave the complexes [RuCl2(p‐cymene)(L)] (L=1a, 7a; 1b, 7b; 1c, 7c; 1d, 7d) in 96–66% yield. Accordingly, reaction of (R)‐BINOL(8H)‐PNMe2 (2a) and (R)‐BINOL(8H)‐PN(benzyl)2 (2b) with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 afforded the complexes [RuCl2(p‐cymene)(L)] (L=2a, 8a; 2b, 8b) in 82% and 86% yield. In a similar reaction, treatment of (R)‐BIPHEN‐PNMe2 (9) with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 gave the complex [RuCl2(p‐cymene)(9)] (11) in 60% yield. Finally, phosphoramidite 1b reacted with [RuCl2(C6Me6)]2 to give [RuCl2(C6Me6)(1b)] (12) in 78% yield. All novel complexes are catalytically active in the formation of β‐oxo esters from propargylic alcohols and carboxylic acids. Standard conditions involve cyclohexane solvent, propargylic alcohol (1.0 equiv.), carboxylic acid (1.0 equiv.), ruthenium catalyst (1.5 mol%), and 90 °C for 5–18 h. Isolated yields of the β‐oxo esters range from 87 to 16% and show broad substrate generality. The reaction proceeds without racemization if a chiral propargylic alcohol is employed. The method is practical as no additives are required and the exclusion of oxygen and moisture is not needed. Complex 7c turned out to be the most effective catalyst (5 h reaction time), showing that the ligand structure has a profound impact on the catalytic performance. The crystal structure of 7a was determined, confirming an octahedral coordination geometry about the ruthenium center.
Exploring Structural Diversity in Ligand Design: The Aminoindanol Case
Authors: Rodríguez‐Escrich Sergi , Solà Lluís , Jimeno Ciril , Rodríguez‐Escrich Carles , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of enantiopure ligands based on the aminoindanol scaffold, but differing in regio‐ and stereochemistry has been synthesized. These ligands have been conveniently derivatized and their catalytic efficiency in different enantioselective reactions has been screened to determine privileged candidates with respect to regio‐ and stereochemistry for each considered process. The nature of the amino substituent has been optimized for specific applications and this has led to the development of an efficient method for the preparation of bulky bicyclic amines by reductive amination.
A Direct Palladium‐Catalyzed Route to Selectively Substituted Carbazoles through Sequential CC and CN Bond Formation: Synthesis of Carbazomycin A
Authors: Ca' Nicola Della , Sassi Giovanni , Catellani Marta 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present paper offers a synthetically simple one‐pot procedure for the catalytic preparation of the biologically interesting class of carbazoles. The new procedure is based on the combined catalysis of palladium and norbornene starting from o‐substituted iodoarenes and N‐sulfonylated or N‐acetylated o‐bromoanilines. A well‐known member of this class, carbazomycin A, has been successfully prepared.
Reaction rate constant of CO2 hydrate formation and verification of old premises pertaining to hydrate growth kinetics
Authors: Bergeron Sebastien , Servio Phillip 
Published: September 2008

AbstractExperimental data on the rate of carbon dioxide hydrate formation in a semibatch stirred‐tank reactor was obtained using a particle‐size analyzer capable of detecting particles as small as 0.6 nanometers in a closed‐loop system. Experiments were carried out at temperatures between 275.3 and 279.4 K and pressures ranging from 2,014 to 3,047 kPa. The reaction rate constant of CO2 hydrate formation was determined using a newly developed kinetic model independent of the dissolution rate at the vapor‐liquid water interface. The average reaction rate constant determined experimentally was found to increase with temperature following an Arrhenius‐type relationship, from 1.8 × 10−8 m/s to 1.8 × 10−7 m/s, over the 4‐degree range investigated. Similarly, the reaction rate constant calculated from a population balance varied from 1.4 × 10−8 m/s to 1.7 × 10−7 m/s over the same temperature interval. The initial number of hydrate particles was calculated using the mole fraction of the gas hydrate former in the bulk‐liquid phase at the onset of hydrate growth rather than the equilibrium solubility. The cumulative relative scattering was also compared to the derived count rate to determine whether or not the number of hydrate particles remained constant during the hydrate growth experiment. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Modeling ice removal in fluidized‐bed freeze concentration of apple juice
Authors: Nazir S. , Farid M.M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStable operation of fluidized‐bed heat exchangers during freeze concentration is limited by the rate of ice removal from the cooling surfaces. Operation remains stable as long as the erosion rate caused by the fluidized particles is equal or greater then the ice growth rate. An empirical model has been devised to estimate the erosion rate at different operating conditions. 4 and 5 mm equilateral cylindrical particles made of stainless steel (SS304) were fluidized in the inside pipe of a vertical double pipe heat exchanger. Bed porosities of 0.94–0.76, and apple juice concentrations of 12, 16, 18, and 20 Brix were tested. The new erosion model was developed based on an analogy between erosion and heat‐transfer phenomenon. Experimental values of erosion rate were obtained for different operating conditions and compared with the values estimated by the model. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, and epidermal nevi (CLOVE) syndrome: CNS malformations and seizures may be a component of this disorder
Authors: Gucev Zoran S. , Tasic Velibor , Jancevska Aleksandra , Konstantinova Marina Krstevska , Pop‐Jordanova Nada , Trajkovski Zoran , Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA newborn girl was found to have a massive lymphatic truncal vascular malformation with overlying cutaneous venous anomaly associated with overgrown feet and splayed toes. These manifestations comprise the recently described CLOVE syndrome. She also had cranial asymmetry and developed generalized seizures, which were treated with anticonvulsants. Cranial CT showed encephalomalacia, widening of the ventricles and the sulci, hemimegalencephaly (predominantly white matter) and partial agenesis of corpus callosum. Review of the literature identified several other patients with CLOVE syndrome, some of whom were misdiagnosed as having Proteus syndrome, with strikingly similar manifestations. We conclude that CNS manifestations including hemimegalencephaly, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, neuronal migration defects, and the consequent seizures, may be an rarely recognized manifestation of CLOVE syndrome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tastsysteme mit künstlichem Tastsinn wie beim menschlichen Finger
Authors: Maheshwari Vivek , Saraf Ravi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDank unseres Tastsinns können wir die Oberflächentextur und Form von Gegenständen erkennen und Objekte ergreifen. Für die Herstellung einer elektronischen Haut, die für humanoide Roboter oder für die minimal‐invasive und ferngesteuerte Chirurgie den Tastsinn bereitstellen soll, müssen sowohl die (passiven) mechanischen Eigenschaften der Dermis als auch die charakteristischen Merkmale ihres Fühlmechanismus, besonders die digitale Funktion der Neuronen, nachgebildet werden. Dank des Einsatzes verschiedener Materialien und physikalischer Konzepte sind zwar erhebliche Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung einer elektronischen Haut zu verzeichnen, die Nachbildung des Tastsinns ist aber nach wie vor eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Vor kurzem wurde ein Nanosystem entwickelt, das eine ähnliche Tastauflösung wie ein menschlicher Finger aufweist; verglichen mit anderen Systemen mit einer Kontaktfläche von über 1 cm2 ist dies eine Verbesserung um mehr als eine Größenordnung. Das neue System mit seinen robusten mechanischen Eigenschaften ist daher ein wichtiger Schritt hin zur Realisierung eines künstlichen Tastsinns.
Effect of preshearing on the structure and properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposite panels
Authors: Hwang Kab‐Jin , Kim Dae Su 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effect of preshearing resin mixtures prior to casting on the structure and properties of in situ polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposite panels was investigated. The preshearing was performed with a mechanical stirrer and controlled by varying mixing time. The structure, thermomechanical, and optical properties of the panels prepared with different preshearing times were analyzed by XRD, TEM, DMA, and UV/visible spectrophotometer. The properties of the panels increased with preshearing time because of improved intercalation and exfoliation of the clay. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Cure behavior and thermal stability analysis of multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy resin nanocomposites
Authors: Yang Kai , Gu Mingyuan , Jin Yanping 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAs‐received multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first treated by a 3 : 1 (v/v) mixture of concentrated H2SO4/HNO3 and further functionalized by ethylenediamine/dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/tetrahydrofuran solution. MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared. Their cure behaviors were investigated by dynamic differential scanning calorimetry. Quantitative analysis of the activation energy as a function of the degree of curing was carried out by the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa method. The fitted multiple regression equations for values of the activation energy of different systems were obtained. MWCNTs have the retardation effect on the cure reaction of epoxy resin, while the functional groups on the surface of amine‐modified MWCNTs could accelerate the cure reactions. Thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The filling of amine‐modified MWCNTs is beneficial to lower the cure activation energy and improve thermal stability of the nanocomposite. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Sequences of fracture toughness micromechanisms in PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites
Authors: Khosh R. Lesan , Bagheri R. , Zokaei S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMechanical properties and fracture toughness micromechanisms of copolypropylene filled with different amount of nanometric CaCO3 (5–15 wt %) were studied. J‐integral fracture toughness was incorporated to measure the effect of incorporation of nanoparticle into PP matrix. Crack‐tip damage zones and fracture surfaces were studied to investigate the effect of nanofiller content on fracture toughness micromechanisms. It was found that nanofiller acted as a nucleating agent and decreased the spherulite size of polypropylene significantly. J‐integral fracture toughness (Jc) of nanocomposites was improved dramatically. The Jc value increased up to approximately two times that of pure PP at 5 wt % of nano‐CaCO3. The fracture micromechanisms varied from rubber particles cavitation and shear yielding in pure PP to simultaneous existence of rubber particles cavitation, shear yielding, filler particles debonding, and crazing in PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of the new derivatives of cellulose and oligomeric species of cellulose containing magneson II chromophore
Authors: Namazi Hassan , Jafarirad Saeed 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFully acetylated cellulose triacetate (CTA) was hydrolyzed in the presence of hydronium ions in a solution of acetic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to give a hydroxyl‐terminated cellulose triacetate oligomers (HCTA). By using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis, the molecular weight of the isolated oligomeric product was calculated to be 3748 Da. HCTA was converted to their new derivatives having 4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)‐1‐naphthol (magneson II) as a chromophore. Then 4′‐bromobutoxy‐4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo) naphthalene was synthesized from the reaction of 4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)‐1‐naphthol with 1,4‐dibromobutane. The synthesized alkylated chromophore was reacted with oligomeric cellulose and cellulose itself in the solution of dimethyl sulfoxide to produce cellulose ethers containing the desired chromophore. In the last step, the isolated compounds were used for the preparation of new polymers and oligomers, which contain both of dodecane and butoxy‐4‐(4‐nitrophenylazo)naphthalene as the alkyl side chains in their backbone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Thermal and thermomechanical properties of hyperbranched polyurethane‐urea/cenosphere hybrids
Authors: Jena Kishore K. , Mishra Aswini K. , Raju K. V. S. N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU)‐urea/cenosphere hybrid coatings were synthesized by incorporating various concentrations of cenosphere into HB polyester matrix by ultrasonication technique, and this polyester was further used for the preparation of isocyanate terminated HBPU prepolymers by reacting with excess isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in a NCO/OH ratio of 1.6 : 1. The desired hybrid coating is obtained by moisture curing the excess NCO present in the prepolymer through film casting. The structure of the hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) was conformed by 1H, 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy and the degree of branching (DB) was calculated using Frechet and Frey equations. These hybrid films were characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, DMTA, and TGA. The structure property correlation, intermolecular/intramolecular hydrogen bonding, the surface morphology, and viscoelastic properties were studied. These results showed an increase in Tg and thermal stability of the hybrid coatings than the base polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of silylene–acetylene preceramic polymers
Authors: Ye Li , Han Weijian , Zhang Ruilin , Hu Jidong , Zhao Tong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of silylene–acetylene preceramic polymers 3a–e were synthesized by polycondensation reaction of dilithioacetylene with dichlorosilane (H2SiCl2) or/and methyldichlorosilane (MeSiHCl2). Their structures were confirmed by infrared spectra (IR), and 1H and 29Si NMR spectroscopies. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) diagrams show exotherms centered at 200 to 233°C temperature range, attributed to crosslinking reaction of the acetylene and SiH groups. After thermal treatment, the obtained thermosets 4a–e possess excellent thermal stability. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under nitrogen show the Td5s (temperature of 5% weight loss) for all the thermosets are above 600°C, and the overall char yields are between 95.62% and 89.67% at 900°C. After pyrolysis at 1200°C, the obtained ceramic residues 5a–e exhibit good thermo‐oxidative stability with final weight retention between 98.76% and 91.66% at 900°C under air. In particular, perhydroploy(silylene)ethynylene 3a, which has the highest Si/C ratio in silylene–acetylene polymers, has the highest char yield, and the derived ceramic material 5a displays the best thermo‐oxidative stability. Based on Scanning electron microscopy and its associated energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (SEM EDX) and 13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) analysis, ceramic 5a contains the highest SiC content. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008