bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single and Multiple Traits Selection in a Segregating Population of Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Mahdy E. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe breeding materials used in this study were the F3, F4 and F5‐generations of the cross between Giza 158 × Sonora 64 (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to compare the relative merits of Smith‐Hazel, desired gain selection indices, independent culling levels and single trait selection in improving grain yield, heading date and several agronomic traits. Highly significant differences among F3 families and a satisfactory genotypic coefficient of variability were obtained for all the traits studied. The genotypic correlations were high between yield and each of spike weight, kernels/spike and spikes; plant, intermediate with 1000 kernel weight and very low with heading date, plant height and spike1 length‐After two cycles of selection, the results of the gains realized indicated that the most effective method for improving yield was the Smith‐Hazel index (SH7) of seven traits followed by the desired gain index of seven traits (DG7), SH5, independent culling levels, DG5 and direct selection (or grain yield/plant. Direct selection for heading date, plant height and spike length was the best method for improving these traits, but undesirable correlated responses in the other traits were obtained.
Identification of the First Rye‐Cytoplasmic Rye‐Wheat‐Addition Using LAP‐Isozymes
Authors: Thiele V. , Buschbeck R. , Seidel A. , Melz G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRye‐cytoplasmic rye‐wheat‐additions were produced by double backcrossing rye‐cytoplasmic tetraploid triticale with an inbred line of diploid rye cv. ‘Esto’. Addition 6B was identified using LAP‐isozymes.
Synthesis of Alloplasmic Brassica campestris as a New Source of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
Authors: Prakash Shyam , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCytoplasmic male, steriles of Brassica campestris ssp. oleifera var. brown sarson were obtained m BO generation progenies Following the repeated back‐crossing of the synthetic alloploid B. oxyrrhina (2n = 18, OO) ×B. campestris. (2n = 20, AA). Alloplasmic B. campestris plants resemble B. campestris in morphology and growth pattern and do not exhibit any trait of B. oxyrrhina, However, the leave; arc mildly chlorophyll deficient in the earlier stages and turn green at late stages In the development. The reproductive parts do not show and abnormalities except that the anthers are smaller and slenderer that the normal ones and are non dehiscent, containing only sterile pollen.
The Importance of the Bolivian Wild Potato Species in Breeding for Globodera pallida Resistance
Authors: Jackson M. T. , Hawkes J. G. , Male‐Kayiwa Beatrice S , Wanyera N. W. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractScreening for resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, in potatoes from. Bolivia, was carried out in 1983 and 1984, using a mixture of four nematode populations representing pathotypes Pa1, Pa2 and Pa3 From the 66 accessions of 17 species and subspecies evaluated, highly resistant genotypes were identified in 21 accessions from seven species. All had Pf/Pi values of 2 or less, whereas the susceptible control, Solanum tuberosum cv. ‘Disiree’ had Pf/Pi values of more than 2G in both tests. Two diploid wild species, S. brevicaule and S. leptophyes, showed the best resistant. The geographical distributional of resistant populations and the evolution of resistance in wild potato populations are discussed.
Winter Hardiness in Faba Beans: Varietal Differences and Interrelations among Selection Criteria
Authors: Herzog H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNine European varieties of winter beans (Vicia faba L‐ var. minor and equina), pre‐germinated at 20°C and raised at 15°C until plant emergence, were hardened at 8/2°C (day/night) for severals week;, and then “dehardened” at 15°C or 10°C.Development and varietal expression of freezing resistance (FR). und of several characters generally supposed to be linked with winterhardness, were examined during hardening and dehardening. Alter 5 weeks of hardening, most leaf traits remained constant while growth of plants and development of new leaves continued slowly. At the onset of dehardening FR and DM‐content of tissue decreased, whereas most traits increased, rapidely or were enhanced considerably resulting in positive or negative phenotypical correlations of the traits with FR.With respect to winterhardiness, the old French landrace ‘Cote d'Or’ had the most advantages for almost each trait compared to the other varieties tested, Genotypic correlations established among leaf and plant traits, and with FR, might allow a limitation of the number of selection criteria for winterhardness. Even the laborious determinations of FR. might be omitted or minimized, since its genotypic variation was determined to 64 % by the variation in the rate of development, the change in height and water/D:M‐ ratio, and the leaf area. The validity of a winterhardness ideotype and the restrictions which havt1 to be considered with respect to the measurement of the proposed selection criteria are discussed.
Phaseolin Diversity in the Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray
Authors: Schinkel Christiane , Gepts P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is grown mainly in and regions of Mexico and the southwestern U.S. as a subsistence crop by small farmers. It is also a store of genetic variability for traits such as disease and pest resistance and stress tolerance to improve the common bean (P. vulgaris L.). To determine geographic patterns of variation and the influence of domestication on genetic variability, the genetic diversity of phaseolin, the major seed storage protein, was characterized among 55 wild and 8 cultivated teparies using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fifteen electrophoretic phaseolin patterns were identified among wild forms, whereas only one pattern was exhibited by cultivars. This result suggests a single domestication in this species leading to a strong reduction in diversity. An additional finding is the divergence m phaseolin types between populations east and west of the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains.
Direct and Correlated Responses to Four Cycles of Divergent Selection for Heading Date in Barley*
Authors: Sanguineti M. C. , Tuberosa R. , Landi P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to investigate the direct and correlated responses to selection for heading date in barley, two F2 populations were subjected to four cycles of divergent selection. For each cross, eight populations selected for earliness (from 1E to 4E) and for lateness, (from 1L to 4L) and four unselected populations (1, 2, 3 and 4 SSD) were obtained and than compared together with parental lines. Selection caused a change greater than one day/cycle in Doth directions, and the cumulative responses were ‐5.4 and ‐5,9 days in the direction of earliness, 7.7 and 7,1 days in the opposite direction. Such results suggest that in the two base populations the heading, date is under the control of a polygenic system with prevailing additive effects and a slight directional dominance toward earliness.Early populations showed a reduction of ear moisture and an increase of plant height, ear extrusion, kernel weight and harvest index, whereas late populations showed the opposite changes. Grain yield was linearly reduced by selection for lateness, whereas no substantial change was evidenced in the opposite direction, so that 4E significantly out‐yielded 4L in both crosses.
Screening and Evaluation of Somaclonal Variations for Quantitative and Qualitative Traits in an Aromatic Grass, Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt*
Authors: Mathur A. K. , Ahuja P. S. , Pandey B. , Kukreja A. K. , Mandal S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA procedure has been established for high frequency, long‐term plant regeneration from leaf sheath‐derived callus cultures a‐ Citronella Java, variety ‘Jorhat’. A total of 600 plants were successfully transferred to the glass house, and subsequently 500 of these were shifted to the field in TWO batches of 250 plants each. From amongst 230 plants of the firs; hatch, on which data were recorded, extensive somaclonal variations were observed for seven agronomic traits, viz., herbage yield, tiller number, diameter of the bush, length and area of the longest leaf, fresh and’ dry weight ratio and oil content. In addition, variations were also recorded for six major constituents of the essential oil pool, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate and elemol. Correlation analysis between agronomic traits revealed a significant negative correlation between oil content and herbage yield. Haw‐ever, plants with higher herbage yield (> 3 fold) and oil content (> 1.5–2.0 fold) than the parent variety could be selected from amongst the variants. Furthermore, plants could be recovered with improved oil quality, possessing higher levels (> 1.5 fold) of desirable constituents of the oil like citronellal, citronellol, geraniol and geranyl acetate together with a reduced level (> 5 fold) of elemol which is an undesirable component of the citronella oil. Out of the 19 selected somaclones that were evaluated in a replicated trial with the donor parent as control, 5 lines have been further placed under multitocational trials for stability assessment. The scope of sormaclonal variation is discussed in the improvement of vegetatively propagated aromatic grasses that have a narrow genetic base.
Cytogenetic Studies of Hybrids between Festuca gigantea Vill. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Authors: Morgan W. G. , Thomas H. , Lewis E. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe meiotic behaviour of the hybrid between Festuca gigantea (2n – 6x = 42) and Festuca gigantea (2n = 6x = 42) indicates distinct structural differences between the two species. These differences are also apparent in the degree of chromosome pairing observed in Lolium multiflorum×F. gigantea compared with previous reports on the L. multiflorum×F. arundinacea hybrids.Although the L. multiflorum×F. gigantea 8x amphiploid com Dines the complementary characters of the two species and is agronomically interesting, there are some irregularities in meiotic behaviour that could affect the stability of the amphiploid. Seed fertility in the amphiploid is high and preliminary studies show evidence of a high degree of self‐fertility.The pentaploid hybrid between autotetraploid L. multiflorum×F. gigantea is sufficiently fertile to be used as the pollen plant in crosses with diploid L. multiflorum (BC1). Backcrossing the BC3 hybrid to L. multiflorum results in mainly diploid progeny. The possibilities, of using this crossing scheme to introgress F. gigantea characters into L. multiflorum is discussed as an alternative approach to amphiploid breeding as a means o: combining specific complementary characters of the two species.
Genetics of Hordeum chilense– Current Status
Authors: Fernández J. A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Hordeum chilense, a South‐American wild barley, is being used in cereal breeding because of its good crossability with both wild and cultivated Triticeae species. Amphiploids and chromosome addition lines of H. chilense in common and durum wheats have been obtained as a means to transfer desirable agronomic characters from wild barley to wheat. No allosyndetic pairing has been detected in diverse hybrids involving H. chilense. Several biochemical markers have been associated with the seven chilense chromosome pairs. New approaches are necessary to transfer genes from H. chilense to cereals.
Are Beta procumbens Chr. Sm. and Beta webbiana Moq. Different Species?
Authors: Wagner Hadwig , Gimbel Eva‐Maria , Wricke G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDifferent Origins of Beta procumbens and B. webbiana, which are wild species of the section Procumbentes, were investigated by means of electrophoretical techniques. The isozyme patterns did not show any differences between the two species. Assignment of accessions to either one of the two species was not possible using the differences occurring in the banding patterns of some enzyme systems. One can raise the question, therefore if the classification of B. procumbens and B. Webbiana into two species is justified.
Genomic Affinity Relationships in the Genus Avena
Authors: Nishiyama I. , Yabuno T. , Taira T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMany interspecific hybrids between diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Avena species were obtained without artificial embryo cultures. Most of the hybrids showed variable chromosome pairing with univalents, bivalents and multiple associations, even in PMC in the same hybrid, at first metaphase; making ii very difficult to understand the degree of genome affinity between parent species, and especially between different species. The basic or theoretical chromosome pairing consisting of bivalents and univalents is presented, in which the chromosome ratios (%) statistically agree with observations. In addition, the per cent frequency of chromosomes forming multivalents is calculated. On the bases of these numerical data, the genomic affinity relationships are discussed for present and previously reported interspecific hybrids or Avena.
Pollen Longevity in Wheat, Rye and Triticale
Authors: Fritz S. E. , Lukaszewski A. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe duration of pollen life was measured for several varieties of wheat, rye and triticale to determine whether the inclusion of alleles for pollen longevity from alien sources would be necessary and effective in hybrid wheat production. Percent seed set was calculated from spikes in which emasculated flowers had been pollinated with pollen stored for specified time intervals under desiccation and under normal greenhouse conditions. Seed was set on wheat, rye and triticale lines using pollen stored for 45, 220, and 80 minutes, respectively. These results indicate that the duration of wheat pollen life is adequate for fertilization to occur under conditions normally used in hybrid wheat production, and that. Introgression of alien alleles is not necessary.
A Dominant Inhibitor Gene Inhibits the Expression of Ht2 against Exserohilum turcicum Race 2 in Corn Inbred Lines Related to B14
Authors: Ceballos H. , Gracen V. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the genetic cause for the lack of express ion of the gene Ht2 against Exserohilum turcicum race 2 on certain genetic backgrounds related to the inbred line B14. Two such inbreds (A635Rp and B59), susceptible to this pathogen were crossed onto the inbred Oh43—‐Ht2Ht2. The following generations: F1, F2, F3, F4, backcrosses to both parents, selfings of the backcrosses, in addition to the parent lines, were evaluated for Ht2 expression in this study. Plants of each generation were inoculated with E. turcicum race 2 and evaluated for the expression of the chlorotic‐lesion resistance determined by the gene Ht2. In spite of the reported dominance of Ht2 on some genetic backgrounds, the F1 generations studied here did not show Ht2 resistant lesions. The data presented herein suggest that B14 and related inbred lines carry a dominant gene(I) that inhibits the expression of the Ht2 gene. Chi‐square analyses of the reactions of 108 progeny families studied supported this hypothesis.
A Simple Method of Inducing Somatic Embryogenesis in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.
Authors: Kirti P. B. , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA single‐step method for the induction and development of somatic embryoids from hypocotyls explains of Brassica juncea is reported. On modified MS medium containing 2 % sucrose, 0.25 mgl 1 2,4‐D, 0.5 mgl 1 each of NAA and BaP‐R, each explant calluses at both of and at its best, 31% of explants produce embryoids. In the variety RLM‐198, the number of embryoids ranges from 8–21 per culture. Each embryoid, upon proliferation, developed up to the 25 shoots. The method is rapid; the time La ken from inoculation to the development of intact plantlets is 8–10 weeks. Regenerated plants have flowered normally and have set seed. The system can profitably be used for in vitro mutant selection and early bulking in mustard.
Effects of Pollination Method on Strain Cross Yield in Lucerne
Authors: Smith S. E. , Fairbanks D. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBecause of difficulties in pollination, control, F1 hybrids have not been widely explioted in lucerne’ (Medicago sativa L.). Strain crossing (uncontrolled hybridization between two or more self‐fertile populations with seed of the populations combined to product a “strain cross” population) represents a potentially valuable alternative procedure for exploiting heterosis in this species. Strain crosses in lucerne are typically produced using insect pollination in the field. Using hand pollination under glasshouse houses could increase the number of strain crosses available for tests of combining ability. The objective of this study was to determine whether forage yield of strain crosses produced using hand pollination were sufficiently similar to that of insect‐produced populations to allow the use of the former in lucerne breeding. Forage yields of eight pairs of hand‐ and insect‐produced strain crosses did not differ significantly in 15 of 16 pairwise comparisons and were positively correlated (rs= 0.90) for 20 harvests at two locations. Yield amp of band produced strain crosses could be used, with reasonable accuracy to accuracy the eventual performance of strain crosses produced between the same populations using insect pollination.
High Frequency of Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Zimny J. , Lorz H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn in vitro system for the initiation of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of spring‐ and winter‐type rye has been developed. The optimal developmental stage of immature embryos to be used as explants is the late stage of spherical coleoptile when the tissue turns milky in colour and the coleoptile is enlarged but spherical. The type and concentration of auxin in the induction medium is of importance for obtaining high efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. CC‐medium high 30 μM Dicamba resulted in well developed somatic embryos in large umbers. Positive effects on the efficiency, intensity and speed of development of somatic embryos have been observed by the addition of coconut water to CC‐medium, replacing agar by agarose and culturing the explants in low light intensity.Following a “step by step” optimization, culture conditions have been defined giving rise to a 90—100% efficiency of somatic embryogenesis and a high number of regenerated plants.
Frost Resistance of Somaclones Derived from Triticum aestivum L. Winter Wheat Calli
Authors: Galiba G. , Sutka J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFrost resistance was studied in SC4 seedlings generated by self pollination from 31 (SC4) plants of ‘GK Csongor’ winter wheat variety derived from resistance than ‘GK Csongor’. With respect to percentage survival, one family possessed significantly higher frost resistance as compared to the control at a temperature of ‐13°C In the case of regrowth analysis, 22 of the 31 families showed less growing capacity and 5 proved to be significantly better than ‘GK Csongor’. According to both testing methods, one family showed significantly higher frost resistance than the control.
The Inheritance of Earliness and Fruit Weight in Crosses between Cultivated Tomatoes and two Wild Species of Lycopersicon
Authors: Banerjee M. K. , Kalloo  
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of earliness and fruit Weight in tomato was studied in tour interspecific crosses. Two cultivated varieties, i.e.‘HS 101’ and “HS 102′, were hybridized with two wild species. L. birsutum f. glabratum‘B 6013’ and L. pimpinellifolium‘A 1921′. Six generations of these crosses were evaluated for these traits and the estimates of gene effects were derived from the generation mean using an epistatic (six parameters) model. There were very wide differences between cultivated and wild species for earliness and fruit weight and in the segregating populations, plants with delayed maturity and smaller fruit size were recorded with high frequency. It was found that the inheritance pattern was mainly governed by additive gene action. Epistatic effects also contributed towards the inheritance of both traits.
Line × Tester Analysis Involving Diverse Cytoplasmic Systems in Sorghum
Authors: Kishan A. Ganga , Borikar S. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSorghum hybrids, involving three iso‐sterile (A1, A2 and A4) females and a set of five fertility restorers, were evaluated for yield components in both rainy and winter seasons. In general A2 cytoplasm had larger grain size and higher yield than traditional milo (A1) cytoplasm and cytoplasm A4 had an adverse effect of yield and yield components. Cytoplasmic systems also affected plants height, days to bloom and grain size. Restorers IS 12567C, IS 12662C and SPV 650 had desirable general combining ability effects. The cross (A2T × 398) × IS 12662C had the highest mean yield coupled with positive heterosis and specific combining ability effects, Exploitation of A2 cytoplasm in Sorghum heterosis breeding is suggested.
Inheritance of Isoproturon Tolerance in Durum Wheat Transferred from Triticum monococcum
Authors: Multani Dilbag S. , Dhaliwal H. S. , Sharma S. K. , Gill Khem S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of isoproturon tolerance exhibited by the selected progenies of durum wheat was investigated. This tolerance to the herbicide isoproturon had been transferred from Triticum monococcum to durum wheat cultivars. It was shown to be conditioned by a single dominant gene
Allozyme Variability in the Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray
Authors: Schinkel Christiane , Gepts P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) is the object of renewed interest because it possesses some interesting agronomic attributes such as tolerance to drought and salinity. In order to gain a better understanding of the organisation of its genetic diversity, we have examined patterns of diversity for nine polymorphic enzyme systems representing 12 loci, in a sample of 55 wild and 8 cultivated accessions. Several geographic patterns were identified, including an East‐West differentiation, (across the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains), a North‐South differentiation, and a localized differentiation. Wild teparies displayed a higher number of polymorphic loci, as well as a higher number of alleles per polymorphic locus compared to cultivars, consistent with previous observations indicating a reduction of phaseolin diversity on domestication. No clearcut separation with respect to isozyme differentiation was observed between P. acutifolius var. tenuifolius and var. acutifolius, further questioning the validity of this taxonomic separation based on leaflet shape.
Genetics of Resistance to Four Races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae in Some Rice Cultivars
Authors: Sahu R. K. , Khush G. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInheritance of resistance to four Philippine races of bacterial Might caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae was investigated in four cultivars of rice, Oryza sativa L. Resistance to three races in ‘Benamuri’ and ‘Aus 192’ is governed by xa‐5. In ‘Tepal Boro’ and ‘Bazail 975′, resistance to races 1, 2. and 3 is conferred by xa‐5, but another recessive gene confers resistance to race 4. This recessive gene is closely linked to xa‐5 and may be allelic to xa‐13. Rice cultivars with xa‐13 are resistant to prevalent races of bacteria] blight in the Indian subcontinent and should thus prove useful as donors for resistance to bacterial blight in rice breeding programs.