bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal variation of walnut tree volatiles and electrophysiological responses in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Casado Daniel , Gemeno César , Avilla Jesús , Riba Magí 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years, many studies have been carried out on the behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Cydia pomonella (L.) to host volatile emissions, to find alternative attractants to the sex pheromone for pest monitoring. These studies have focused on apple and pear, and very little has been done on walnut. In the present work, the diurnal and seasonal variation in walnut volatile emissions and the electrophysiological response of C. pomonella have been studied.RESULTS: Ninety compounds were detected in walnut emissions, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The most abundant compound was β‐pinene, which, together with (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, (E)‐β‐ocimene, limonene, germacrene D, 1,8‐cineole, sabinene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, (E)‐β‐caryophyllene, β‐myrcene and β‐phellandrene, constituted between 81.9 and 90.5% of the total chromatographic area. Differences between seasonal periods were significant for 39 compounds, and between daytimes for 14 compounds. Discernible and consistent EAD responses were detected to 11 walnut‐origin compounds, and confirmed with synthetics to seven of them. Except for alloocimene, pinocarvone and caryophyllene oxide, all these compounds are also emitted by apple.CONCLUSION: Walnut volatile emissions differ widely from apple ones, but both share many compounds that are EAD‐active in C. pomonella. However, among EAD‐active compounds there are three walnut‐specific ones, which should be further tested in behavioural assays. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of some biorational insecticides on Spodoptera eridania in organic cabbage
Authors: Michereff‐Filho Miguel , Torres Jorge B , Andrade Luzia NT , Nunes Maria Urbana C 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: To reduce pest attack, several biorational products are allowed for use on organic vegetables in Brazil. This study investigated eight biorational products applied singly or in combination against Spodoptera eridania Cramer in field plots of cabbage intercropped with coriander. The treatments were applied once a week over a 5 week period, beginning 34 days after transplanting. The evaluations consisted of counting the larvae of S. eridania on the day before and 7 and 21 days after spraying. The damage to leaves and cabbage head, the commercial weight of head and the percentage of head losses were evaluated.RESULTS: Leaf injury in plots treated with Beauveria bassiana and neem oil (Dalneem®) yielded scores of 1.3 and 2.5 (scale ranging from 0 to 4) respectively, in comparison with a score of 3.6 from untreated plots. Head weight losses were 6.1, 5.3 and 4.9% with an aqueous extract of neem leaves, neem oil and B. bassiana respectively, compared with 24.6% lost from untreated plots.CONCLUSION: Dalneem®, B. bassiana and the extract of neem leaves at 20% exhibited the best performance for control of S. eridania. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Optically isotropic negative index of refraction metamaterial
Authors: Kussow Adil‐Gerai , Akyurtlu Alkim , Angkawisittpan Niwat 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report a metamaterial with optically isotropic negative refraction index, n, and small loss factor, k = |Im (n)/Re (n)| ≤ 0.4, that occurs near the visible/UV line. The metamaterial presented consists of two media. One medium (randomly distributed gold spherical nanoparticles with Drude‐like permittivity, in free space) ensures negative permittivity, and another medium (spherical SiC nanoparticles) ensures negative permeability via the Mie resonance within the same frequency range. We have found, self‐consistently, in the framework of both the effective medium approach and rigorous first‐principles based Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations, that the metamaterial exhibits negative refraction index behavior. This result stands for both the random distribution of the SiC particles, and the regular simple‐cubic lattice of the same particles. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (c) 5/3
Authors: Baranovski Sergei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe following papers were presented at the 12th International Conference on Transport in Interacting and Disordered Systems (TIDS12) held 6–10 August 2007 in Marburg, Germany.It followed previous meetings in Egmond aan Zee (2005), Trieste (2003), Shefayim (2001), Murcia (1999), Rackeve (1997), Jerusalem (1995), Glasgow (1993), Marburg (1991), Chapel Hill (1989), Bratislava (1987), and Trieste (1985). The conference was organized by the Faculty of Physics, Philipps‐University Marburg. It was co‐sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, by the International Research Training Group “Electron–Electron Interactions in Solids” (Marburg/Budapest), by Isabellenhuette Heusler GmbH KG, Dillenburg, by Marburger Universitätsbund e.V., and by Ursula Kuhlmann‐Fond.About 70 scientists from 17 countries attended the meeting. The program counted 12 invited talks, 30 oral and 30 poster contributions. They covered traditional topics for TIDS meetings. With respect to semiconductor inorganic materials, most emphasis was put on many‐particle interactions, electron glass, slow relaxations, metal–insulator transition, magnetoresistance, quantum Hall effect, and noise. In many talks transport processes in organic materials and polymers were considered, which has become a tradition for TIDS meetings. Also various aspects of transport in biological systems, such as membrane channels, DNA molecules, and bacteria were discussed in several talks.Not every talk and poster given at the TIDS12 is present with a paper in these Proceedings. However, the reader should be able to come up with a general picture of the TIDS12. Furthermore, the proceedings illustrate that rather similar physical ideas are applicable to charge transport properties of chemically different materials. It is this generality of the fundamental transport mechanisms in disordered interacting systems that allows researchers from different fields to understand each other and to discuss at the TIDS meetings various aspects of transport processes in chemically very different materials: inorganic, organic and biological systems. Examples for the ideas invoked in the conference and related to these issues can be found among the papers of the proceedings.The Guest Editor is highly indebted to Dr. Oleg Rubel and Dr. Kakhaber Jandieri, who contributed decisively to editing the TIDS12 Proceedings.November 2007
Many electron theory of 1/f ‐noise in hopping conductivity
Authors: Burin Alexander L. , Shklovskii Boris I. , Kozub Veniamin I. , Galperin Yuri M. , Vinokur Valerii 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe cover picture of this issue of physica status solidi (c) has been taken from the article [1]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extrusion of starch‐based loose‐fill packaging foams: effects of temperature, moisture and talc on physical properties
Authors: Pushpadass Heartwin Amaladhas , Babu Govindarajan Suresh , Weber Robert W. , Hanna Milford A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStarch‐based loose‐fill packaging foams were made in a single‐screw laboratory‐scale extruder. Corn starch was blended with polystyrene in the ratio of 70  :  30 and extruded into foams using talc and polycarbonate as additives. Extrusions were carried out at moisture contents of 16, 18 and 20% (dry basis), and at barrel temperatures of 140 and 160°C. The influences of extrusion temperature, moisture content of starch, talc and polycarbonate on the radial expansion and other selected physical properties of starch foams were investigated. The effects of moisture and talc contents on the radial expansion of foams were found to be critical, while the role of temperature was close to significant. The expansion ratio increased when the moisture content was increased from 16 to 18%, and then decreased when moisture content was increased to 20%. In general, the expansion ratios of foams were higher at 160°C as compared to 140°C. Although polycarbonate mixed well with the starch–polystyrene melt, it was not effective as a structural and anti‐shrinking agent, and it did not contribute to the radial expansion. In general, the bulk densities and unit densities of the starch foams decreased as the moisture content and extrusion temperature increased. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the addition of talc yielded foams with smaller‐sized cells, with less expansion of the foam melt, and thus a higher density. X‐ray diffractograms revealed that the crystallinity of starch foams increased post‐extrusion, and there was adequate dispersion of the starch and polystyrene polymers to make the foam water‐resistant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐ion beam analysis of physico‐chemical reactions at the interface between sol–gel derived glass particles in the SiO2CaO system and biological fluids
Authors: Lao J. , Nedelec J. M. , Moretto Ph. , Jallot E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this study, we benefited from the sensitivity of ion beam analysis methods to characterise in vitro the bioactive glass/biological fluids interface and to perform local measurements of elemental concentrations at the 10−6 g/g level. A glass in the SiO2CaO composition was elaborated by sol–gel processing. Samples of glass powders were soaked in biological fluids for periods up to 4 days. The surface changes were characterised using particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) associated to Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), which are efficient methods for multi‐elemental analysis. In addition, these ion beam methods permit accurate trace elements quantification. Elemental maps of major and trace elements were obtained at a micrometer scale and revealed the bone‐bonding ability of the material. The formation of a calcium phosphate‐rich layer occurs after a few minutes of interaction and the glass particles are progressively coated with this thin film. Traces of magnesium are proved to be blended into the CaP layer. Kinetics of formation of the CaP layer shows the high reactivity of this material in contact with a biological medium. However the CaPMg layer is finally dissolved after a few days of interaction. The absence of P in the initial glass matrix may explain that SiO2CaO glass particles encounter great difficulties to achieve the transformation of their peripheral amorphous Ca‐P layer into a more stable bone‐like apatite phase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribochemical reactions on polyimide sliding surfaces evaluated with Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
Authors: Samyn Pieter , Schoukens Gustaaf 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe friction and wear properties of polyimide at high temperatures are influenced by important tribochemical reactions on the sliding surfaces. Hydrolysis at 100–140 °C causes high friction and low wear whereas imidisation at 180–260 °C causes low friction and high wear. Raman spectroscopy confirms that the imidised structure that forms during sliding is characterised by reorientation of the C‐N‐C imide bonds from transverse into axial conformation. Also, the CO and C‐O‐C groups become more flexible and reorient in the worn imide structure. Depending on the normal loads, reorientation is either concentrated on the CO side groups at low loads or on the C‐N‐C and C‐O‐C backbone structure at high loads. Black spots on the surface represent a degraded fraction of polyamic acid monomers. Different surface morphologies are observed from atomic force microscopy. Hydrolysed structures correspond to an irregular surface pattern with pits and are preferentially worn parallel to the sliding direction. The imidised surface is smoother due to high strength and has a structure oriented along the sliding direction. However, it is more brittle and hence craters are formed that are larger compared to those formed under low‐temperature sliding conditions. Depositions on the sliding surfaces at 220–260 °C represent interaction of debris particles on the polyimide surface. On the nanometer scale, a progressive orientation of polyimide clusters parallel to the sliding direction is detected. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of preferential sputtering and segregation effects on the surface composition of AlPdMn quasi‐crystals
Authors: Samavat Feridoun , Gladys Michael J. , Jenks Cynthia J. , Lograsso Thomas A. , King Bruce V. , O'Connor D. John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUsing 2 keV He+ and Ne+ low‐energy ion scattering (LEIS), it was found that the Al/Pd concentration ratio at the surface of a nominally Al69.9Pd20.5Mn9.6 quasi‐crystal decreases to a steady‐state value under bombardment as a result of preferential sputtering. Sputtering of an annealed surface results in a significant increase in Mn concentration on the surface which remained at annealing temperatures below 575 K. Variations of the Mn/Pd and Al/Pd ratios have been measured by LEIS as a function of temperature in the range 295–975 K for clean‐annealed and sputtered surfaces. The results show that Al/Pd ratio does not significantly change from 295 to 575 K for both He+ and Ne+ but increases with sample temperatures up to 875 K. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems engineering metrics and applications in product development: A critical literature review and agenda for further research
Authors: Vanek Francis , Jackson Peter , Grzybowski Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe military/aerospace industries have several decades of experience in the application of systems engineering. In the world of complex systems developed under contract, systems engineering has a well‐articulated, generally accepted, client‐mandated methodology. This is not the case currently in most commercially oriented research and development organizations. Unlike the military/aerospace environment, it is not widely accepted that systems engineering can or will deliver value within commercial enterprises. This said, it is possible that a systems engineering‐like methodology may be routinely employed but not so stated, or is recognized under a different label. This seems likely since complex products continue to be successfully developed and commercialized via the use of methods that are closely related to systems engineering. The purpose of this paper is to establish the groundwork for measuring the effectiveness of the systems engineering methodology, and closely associated analogs, as part of the product development process in a commercial research and development organization. In this paper, we review the literature in systems engineering and related fields to identify measurement issues and methodologies, specific metrics proposed and in use, and case studies and best practices. We also identify gaps in the literature and propose the next steps in a research agenda. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
Green‐maize potential of hybrid and open‐pollinated cultivars at varying levels of applied nitrogen: relationship with grain yield
Authors: Kim SK , Adetimirin VO , Yoon ST , Adepoju MA , Gbadamosi BA 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo sets (white‐ and yellow‐kernelled) of six cultivars of field‐maize, each comprising three hybrids and three open‐pollinated (OP) varieties, were evaluated for green‐maize productivity under three levels of nitrogen fertilisation (0, 60 and 120  kg  ha−1) at two locations in southwestern Nigeria. The relationship between green‐maize and grain yield was also investigated. Numbers of marketable ears and marketable‐ear yield were significantly correlated. Green‐maize traits and grain yields showed different responses to increased nitrogen fertiliser application: grain yield was significantly greater at 120  kg  ha−1 than at 60  kg  ha−1 whereas marketable‐ear yield was not significantly changed by the higher rate. The hybrids showed higher green‐maize and grain yield responses than the OPs to fertiliser application. At 60  kg  ha−1 nitrogen application, marketable‐ear yield averaged 0.620  kg  m−2 and 0.567  kg  m−2 for white hybrids and OPs, respectively, and 0.576  kg  m−2 and 0.439  kg  m−2 for yellow hybrids and OPs. Marketable‐ear yield was significantly correlated with grain yield for both the white and yellow cultivars. Regressions of grain yield on marketable‐ear yield were significant and such regression equations can thus be used to estimate marketable‐ear yield potential from grain yield data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Nonlinear optimization for adaptive antenna array receivers with a small data‐record size
Authors: Xie Ning , Zhou Yuanping , Zhang Li , Qian Gongbin , Wang Hui , Li Xia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDesign of a nonlinear adaptive antenna array receiver is a challenging task in wireless communications due to the limited number of antenna elements and the presence of correlated signals, which directly affect the performance of an antenna array. More importantly, a conventional nonlinear array receiver is often associated with a high computational complexity that undermines its applicability in practice. In this paper, we present a new approach to adaptive beamforming receiver that provides superior performance in antenna array overloading and in the presence of correlated signals with a low complexity. In particular, the proposed receiver requires a small data‐record size to estimate the beamformer weights, which is beneficial in applications with fast fading channels. Simulation examples illustrate the performance improvement of the proposed array receiver when it is compared to the conventional beamformers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace metals in the seagrass Thalassia testudinum from the Mexican Caribbean coast
Authors: Solís C. , Isaac‐Olivé K. , Martínez A. , Lavoisier E. , Ruiz Z. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe impact of human activities on Mexican Caribbean zones is reflected in the partial or total destruction of these habitats and the increasing settlement of urban and tourist resorts. As a consequence, waste water discharged to sea increases the levels of chemical elements and foreign substances in the marine environment. In order to accomplish an adequate management and conservation of the coastal ecosystems, it is necessary to make an adequate diagnosis of the situation through factors that may monitor the vulnerability as well as the level of damage of the aquatic communities. In this work we present results on the use of seagrass Thalassia testudinum, as a potential bio‐indicator of metal pollution in Caribbean seawater. Seagrass was collected in Holbox and Puerto Morelos (considered as mildly influenced by human activities) in the State of Quintana Roo. Trace metals were determined by particle induced x‐ray emission (PIXE) and atomic absorption (AA). Results are reported for metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. The metal distribution on the different parts of the plant, the differences between two sites, and the effect of season are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time and size resolved elemental component study of urban aerosol in Debrecen, Hungary
Authors: Kertész Zsófia , Dobos Erik , Fenyős Bernadett , Kéki Renáta , Borbély‐Kiss Ildikó 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWith the use of accelerator‐based PIXE (particle induced x‐ray emission) elemental analysis technique systematic investigation of aerosol samples have been performed in the Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for 15 years. In continuation of this research, we observe the short‐term time variation of the inorganic elemental components and the elemental mass size distributions in the spring of 2007, at the end of the heating season. Aerosol sampling campaigns were carried out with a PIXE International continuous streaker sampler (PM10) and a 9‐stage cascade impactor in a downtown site of Debrecen. Meteorological data were recorded simultaneously with aerosol sampling. Another campaign was carried out with 2‐stage nuclepore samplers (PM2.5 and PM2.5−10) in the same downtown and an outskirt site of the city.The short‐time variation of urban aerosol combined with meteorological data and with mass size distribution serves as a basis to reach a better understanding of the aerosol sources and receptor areas, to select single episodes, to follow the evolution of aerosol, and to make a better estimate on the health impact. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport of Neolithic variscites demonstrated by PIXE analysis
Authors: Querré G. , Herbault F. , Calligaro Th. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe large grave mounds from the Carnac region in Brittany are among the most impressive funeral architecture of the Neolithic period in France. The exceptional quality of the adornments such as polished stones, axes and beads necklaces deposited in burial chambers, probably reflects the high status of the buried persons. Despite the importance of these artifacts, already pointed out by archaeologists during the early excavations of the 19th century, their origins have never been really established on the basis of objective criteria. This study is focused on the beads, green in majority, similar to turquoise colour. A combination of technotypological study and chemical analysis by external‐beam particle‐induced x‐ray emission (PIXE) has been performed on these archaeological artifacts. The composition in major elements gives the mineralogical nature of the material, which turns out to be variscite, a hydrated aluminum phosphate. By comparison with the composition of variscite reference samples from various geological sources of Western Europe, the concentrations in trace elements allowed us to establish that the beads originated from the Iberian Peninsula. The presence of these Iberian ornamental elements in archaeological sites in Western France thus reveals long‐distance relations between the Neolithic human groups during the fifth to second millennium BC. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic bremsstrahlung of Al, Ag and Au targets bombarded with 1.5 MeV protons
Authors: Ishii K. , Matsuyama S. , Yamazaki H. , Kikuchi Y. , Momose G. , Satoh T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractContinuous x‐rays produced in light‐ion atom collisions have been experimentally and theoretically studied. The experimental results for aluminum target bombarded with ∼1.5 MeV protons can be mainly explained by atomic bremsstrahlung (AB) of K‐shell electrons. We measured the continuous x‐ray spectra from a silver target and gold target bombarded with 1.5 MeV protons at the detection angle of 90° with respect to the beam direction to investigate AB of L‐ and M‐shell electrons and found that the experimental production cross‐sections of continuous x‐rays are much smaller than the predictions based on the plane wave born approximation (PWBA) theory of AB. The discrepancy can be reduced by taking account of a screening effect previously introduced, but this does not resolve the problem completely. We applied the theory of AB based on the binary encounter approximation (BEA) and compared this with the experiment. It is shown by the BEA theory that, without consideration of the screening effect, the agreement between the theory and the experimental cross‐sections of the Al target, Ag target and Au target can be systematically explained by the AB of K‐, L‐ and M‐ electrons, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.