bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Still crazy after all these years: “the paranoid style in American politics”
Authors: Wolfenstein Victor 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn the US, the 9/11 attacks resulted in the instantaneous crystallization of a paranoid group formation, functioning as defense – not against the real dangers of the situation – but rather against an underlying, identity‐shattering state of psychotic panic. This regressed collective emotional state was exploited by the Bush regime to initiate the war in Iraq, a war that plays out internationally the Ur‐Fascistic tendencies that late capitalistic systems have difficulty containing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybridbrücken mit blockverleimtem Brettschichtholz
Authors: Döhrer Antje , Rautenstrauch Karl 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDer Einsatz von Holz als Tragelement in Brücken ist in Deutschland fast ausschließlich auf den Bau von Fuß‐ und Radwegüberführungen beschränkt. Die Entwicklung neuer holzbasierter Produkte und moderner Technologien eröffnen dem Holzbrückenbau interessante Zukunftsperspektiven. Durch die Blockverleimung von Brettschichtholz sind Hauptträger mit hoher Steifigkeit und Dimensionsstabilität herstellbar. Durch Kombination blockverleimter Holzträger mit einer Betonfahrbahnplatte lassen sich leistungsfähige hybride Überbauquerschnitte in Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbauweise herstellen, die alternativ zu den herkömmlichen Bauweisen im Straßenbrückenbau eingesetzt werden können. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Entwicklungsstand der Holz‐Beton‐Verbundbauweise im Brückenbau und zeigt statische und konstruktive Besonderheiten auf.
Materialermüdung an einer Schiffsschleuse aus Stahlbeton
Authors: Fleischer Helmut , Lutz Matthias , Deutscher Martin , Ehmann Rainer 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIm Jahr 2004 mußte an der ca. 40 Jahre alten Schleuse Bamberg am Main‐Donau‐Kanal ein kompletter Bruch der Biegezugbewehrung im Bereich mehrerer Kammerblöcke festgestellt werden. Eine umfangreiche Schadensanalyse führte zu dem Ergebnis, daß Materialermüdung in Kombination mit Korrosion (Schwingungsrißkorrosion) zum Kollaps des Betonstahls geführt hatte. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der umfangreichen Untersuchungen und Berechnungen erläutert und die aus einer Variantenuntersuchung hervorgegangene Sanierungskonzeption vorgestellt. Abschließend wird auf die Auswirkungen des Bewehrungsbruches mit dieser für Stahlbetontragwerke relativ seltenen Schadensursache auf die anderen Schiffahrtsschleusen an den deutschen Wasserstraßen eingegangen.
Initial capsid‐specific CD4+ T cell responses protect against Theiler's murine encephalomyelitisvirus‐induced demyelinating disease
Authors: Mohindru Mani , Kang Bongsu , Kim Byung S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) infection by Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) causes an immune‐mediated demyelinating disease similar to human multiple sclerosis in susceptible mice. To understand the pathogenic mechanisms, we analyzed the level, specificity, and function of CD4+ Th cells in susceptible SJL/J and resistant C57BL/6 mice. Compared to resistant mice, susceptible mice have three‐ to fourfold higher levels of overall CNS‐infiltrating CD4+ T cells during acute infection. CD4+ T cells in the CNS of both strains display various activation markers and produce high levels of IFN‐γ upon stimulation with anti‐CD3 antibody. However, susceptible mice display significantly fewer (tenfold) IFN‐γ‐producing Th1 cells specific for viral capsid epitopes as compared to resistant mice. Furthermore, preimmunization with capsid‐epitope peptides significantly increased capsid‐specific CD4+ T cells in the CNS during the early stages of viral infection and delayed the development of demyelinating disease in SJL/J mice. This suggests a protective role of capsid‐reactive Th cells during early viral infection. Therefore, a low level of the protective Th1 response to viral capsid proteins, in conjunction with Th1 responses to unknown epitopes may delay viral clearance in susceptible mice leading to pathogenesis of demyelination during acute infection, as compared to resistant mice.
TLR2 engagement on CD8 T cells lowers the thresholdfor optimal antigen‐induced T cell activation
Authors: Cottalorda Anne , Verschelde Claire , Marçais Antoine , Tomkowiak Martine , Musette Philippe , Uematsu Satoshi , Akira Shizuo , Marvel Jacqueline , Bonnefoy‐Berard Nathalie 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTLR have a crucial role in the detection of microbial infection in mammals. Until recently, most investigations on TLR have focused on cells of the innate immune system and on the role of TLR in the initiation of antigen‐specific responses following recognition of microbial products by APC. Here, we report that murine T cells express TLR1, TLR2, TLR6, TLR7 and TLR9 mRNA. Using CD8 T cells from F5 TCR‐transgenic mice, we demonstrate that the lipopeptide Pam3CysSK4 (Pam), a synthetic analog of bacterial and mycoplasmal lipoproteins that recognizes TLR1/2 complex, costimulates antigen‐activated T cells. Costimulation with Pam permits an increased cell proliferation and survival associated with a sustained CD25 expression and an enhanced expression of Bcl‐xL anti‐apoptotic protein. In addition, we show that costimulation with Pam up‐regulates IFN‐γ production but also granzyme B secretion and cytotoxic activity of antigen‐activated T cells, indicating that TLR2 engagement enhances the major effector functions of CD8 T cells. Finally, we demonstrate that TLR2 engagement on T cells lowers the activation threshold for costimulatory signals delivered by APC.
Assessment of climate‐change impacts on alpine discharge regimes with climate model uncertainty
Authors: Horton Pascal , Schaefli Bettina , Mezghani Abdelkader , Hingray Benoît , Musy André 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study analyses the uncertainty induced by the use of different state‐of‐the‐art climate models on the prediction of climate‐change impacts on the runoff regimes of 11 mountainous catchments in the Swiss Alps having current proportions of glacier cover between 0 and 50%. The climate‐change scenarios analysed are the result of 19 regional climate model (RCM) runs obtained for the period 2070–2099 based on two different greenhouse‐gas emission scenarios (the A2 and B2 scenarios defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and on three different coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), namely HadCM3, ECHAM4/OPYC3 and ARPEGE/OPA. The hydrological response of the study catchments to the climate scenarios is simulated through a conceptual reservoir‐based precipitation‐runoff transformation model called GSM‐SOCONT. For the glacierized catchments, the glacier surface corresponding to these future scenarios is updated through a conceptual glacier surface evolution model.The results obtained show that all climate‐change scenarios induce, in all catchments, an earlier start of the snowmelt period, leading to a shift of the hydrological regimes and of the maximum monthly discharges. The mean annual runoff decreases significantly in most cases. For the glacierized catchments, the simulated regime modifications are mainly due to an increase of the mean temperature and the corresponding impacts on the snow accumulation and melting processes. The hydrological regime of the catchments located at lower altitudes is more strongly affected by the changes of the seasonal precipitation. For a given emission scenario, the simulated regime modifications of all catchments are highly variable for the different RCM runs. This variability is induced by the driving AOGCM, but also in large part by the inter‐RCM variability. The differences between the different RCM runs are so important that the predicted climate‐change impacts for the two emission scenarios A2 and B2 are overlapping. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of bismuth(III) by bayberry tannin immobilized on collagen fiber
Authors: Wang Ru , Liao Xue‐pin , Zhao Shi‐lin , Shi Bi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe adsorption behavior of collagen fiber‐immobilized bayberry tannin towards Bi(III) at acidic pH values was investigated. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent towards Bi(III) was 0.348 mmol g−1 at 303 K, and increased with the rise in temperature. The adsorption isotherms of Bi(III) were in the shape of so‐called type II isotherms and could be described by an empirical equation, ln qe = k + (1/n)Ce, which implies that chemical adsorption is predominant at lower concentrations of Bi(III) and that physical adsorption is involved at higher concentrations. The adsorption kinetics of Bi(III) on the immobilized bayberry tannin could be well described by the pseudo‐second‐order rate model, and the adsorption capacities calculated by the model were almost the same as those determined by actual measurements. The adsorbent could be regenerated by using 0.02 mol dm−3 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution after adsorption of Bi(III). The adsorption selectivity of the immobilized bayberry tannin towards Bi(III) in a Cu(II)–Bi(III) binary solution in acidic medium was remarkable. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the immobilized bayberry tannin could be applied to the removal of Bi(III) from crude Cu(II) samples under proper conditions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Linear free energy relationship as a tool for characterization of three teicoplanin‐based chiral stationary phases under various mobile phase compositions
Authors: Kalíková Květa , Lokajová Jana , Tesařová Eva 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTeicoplanin, teicoplanin aglycon, and methylated teicoplanin aglycon chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been compared on the basis of the regression coefficients calculated from the linear free energy relationship (LFER) equation. The parameters have been obtained from the measurements of a set of 34 structurally diverse solutes. Influence of mobile phase composition – variation of methanol (MeOH) content – on the participation of different interactions types in the retention mechanism has been evaluated. Retention of the various interaction forces in analytes differs with both the CSP and the mobile phase composition. Hydrophobic interactions play a major role in mobile phases for high buffer contents. The more hydrophobic the CSP, the more important are they in the retention mechanism. With increase of MeOH contents in the mobile phase the major role in the interaction mechanism is shifted to more polar forces in which basicity and dipolarity/polarizability dominate. Although the LFER model does not address chiral aspects, we have attempted to explore the importance of the individual interactions in chiral discrimination of amino acids and their N‐tert‐butyloxycarbonyl derivatives.
Comparison of monolithic approaches for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography involving cyclodextrins
Authors: Wistuba Dorothee , Schurig Volker 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe access to CD‐modified monoliths for enantiomeric separation by CEC can be divided into two main approaches. (i) Silica‐based monoliths, prepared by either a sol–gel process or by sintering of silica particles, are modified after fabrication by coating with a CD selector. Alternatively the fusion of CD functionalized silica particle via gluing is feasible. (ii) Rigid or homogeneous organic polymer‐based monoliths, prepared by polymerization of organic monomers in the presence of a porogen, are modified with the CD selector either by copolymerization or by physical incorporation into the continuous bed.
Synthesis, thermal reactivity, and kinetics of stabilized phosphorus ylides, part 2: [(Arylcarbamoyl)(cyano)methylene]triphenylphosphoranes and their thiocarbamoyl analogues
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Al‐Awadi Nouria A. , El‐Dusouqui Osman M. E. , Farrell Dorcas M. M. , Kumar Ajith 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA series of five cyano(arylcarbamoyl) phosphorus ylides 2 and five cyano(arylthiocarbamoyl) phosphorus ylides 3 are prepared and fully characterized. Pyrolytic reaction products of a representative example of each type obtained by flash vacuum pyrolysis technique show that they undergo thermal extrusion of Ph3PO or Ph3PS. Kinetic study of the gas‐phase pyrolysis of each ylide by static method shows that these reactions are unimolecular and first order with no significant substituent effect, but the thiocarbamoyl ylides 3 react 40–65 times more rapidly than their carbamoyl analogues 2. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 496–502, 2006
Does subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation really improve quality of life in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Gronchi‐Perrin Aline , Viollier Sarah , Ghika Joseph , Combremont Pierre , Villemure Jean‐Guy , Bogousslavsky Julien , Burkhard Pierre R. , Vingerhoets François 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe investigated the impact of subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, as self‐assessed before and after surgery by completing the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39). In addition to this prospective evaluation, we asked patients postoperatively to evaluate their preoperative QOL. In the prospective assessment, results showed that patients perceived a general improvement of QOL after the STN DBS. However, when evaluated retrospectively, they tended to overestimate their preoperative functioning, therefore obscuring the improvement found prospectively. This observation highlights the impact of the method used on obtained results when assessing the effects of STN DBS. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Identification of a new family of spinocerebellar ataxia type 14 in the japanese spinocerebellar ataxia population by the screening of PRKCG exon 4
Authors: Hiramoto Keiko , Kawakami Hideshi , Inoue Kimiko , Seki Takahiro , Maruyama Hirofumi , Morino Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Masayasu , Kurisu Kaoru , Sakai Norio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 14 (SCA14) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia and intermittent axial myoclonus. Various mutations have been found in the PRKCG gene encoding protein kinase C γ in SCA14 families. Most of those mutations have been found in exon 4 of the PRKCG gene. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based screening to clarify the approximate morbidity rate of the disease in the Japanese SCA population. We screened exon 4 of the PRKCG gene in 882 SCA patients with undefined etiologies using denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography and subsequent direct sequencing. We found a novel C/T missense mutation with a Ser119‐to‐Phe substitution (S119F) in 2 patients and subsequently found that they belonged to the same family. This S119F mutation was not found in 259 control individuals. Further PCR‐based analysis revealed an additional 5 members with the same mutation in this family. Cerebellar ataxia was manifested in 5 of those 7 members. The main symptom in 4 of the 5 affected members was pure cerebellar ataxia with late onset. They had no myoclonus, extrapyramidal signs, ophthalmoplegia, or intellectual disturbance, some of which were found in previously reported SCA families. One patient showed intractable epilepsy, severe walking disturbance, and trunk ataxia with early onset. The results of this study suggest that the frequency of SCA14 in the Japanese SCA population is very low. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Real‐time refinement of subthalamic nucleus targeting using Bayesian decision‐making on the root mean square measure
Authors: Moran Anan , Bar‐Gad Izhar , Bergman Hagai , Israel Zvi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a major target for treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Microelectrode recording (MER) is used in many cases to identify the target nucleus. A real‐time procedure for identifying the entry and exit points of the STN would improve the outcome of this targeting procedure. We used the normalized root mean square (NRMS) of a short (5 seconds) MER sampled signal and the estimated anatomical distance to target (EDT) as the basis for this procedure. Electrode tip location was defined intraoperatively by an expert neurophysiologist to be before, within, or after the STN. Data from 46 trajectories of 27 patients were used to calculate the Bayesian posterior probability of being in each of these locations, given RMS‐EDT pair values. We tested our predictions on each trajectory using a bootstrapping technique, with the rest of the trajectories serving as a training set and found the error in predicting the STN entry to be (mean ± SD) 0.18 ± 0.84, and 0.50 ± 0.59 mm for STN exit point, which yields a 0.30 ± 0.28 mm deviation from the expert's target center. The simplicity and computational ease of RMS calculation, its spike sorting‐independent nature and tolerance to electrode parameters of this Bayesian predictor, can lead directly to the development of a fully automated intraoperative physiological procedure for the refinement of imaging estimates of STN borders. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Impact of evidence‐based medicine on magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Alexander P. , Tran Thao T. , Ross Brian D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a robust, non‐invasive means of defining aspects of human neurochemistry. After more than two decades, it is clear that in addition to its scientific interest, MRS has diagnostic value in tumor diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic outcome, dementia diagnosis and prognosis, multiple sclerosis, infections, trauma, development, stroke, perinatal ischemia, xenobiotics and inborn errors (as determined from a meta‐analysis included in this paper). However, in many healthcare systems, a new radiological technique requires evidence‐based medicine (EBM) before it is recommended for reimbursement. Much of the reason why MRS is thought to be non‐reimbursable in the USA is due to recent announcements that this 15‐year‐old technique is still considered ‘investigational’ by these EBM assessments. An analysis is presented of the technology assessments that brought about this situation. Based on the conclusions of the EBM assessments, strategies are suggested that involve all entities responsible for spectroscopy including the scientists' role in ensuring the future for clinical spectroscopy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of diffuse large B cell lymphoma during the maintenance therapy for B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kato Itaru , Manabe Atsushi , Aoyama Chiaki , Kamiya Takahiro , Morimoto Tsuyoshi , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Suzuki Koyu , Kitagawa Yoshiro , Hori Toshinori , Tsurusawa Masahito , Kiyokawa Nobutaka , Junichiro Fujimoto , Hosoya Ryota 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a very rare complication of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A Japanese boy presented with B‐lineage ALL at the age of 2.5. He was treated with chemotherapy for standard‐risk ALL. While he was receiving maintenance treatment 2 years and 9 months after the diagnosis of ALL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL) was diagnosed from a biopsy of an abdominal mass. DLBL was treated by surgical resection followed by chemotherapy for 6 months. The patient has been free from the recurrence of ALL or DLBL for 16 months after the development of DLBL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:230–232. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results from a rosuvastatin historical cohort study in more than 45 000 Dutch statin users, a PHARMO study
Authors: Goettsch W.G. , Heintjes E.M. , Kastelein J.J.P. , Rabelink T.J. , Johansson Saga , Herings R.M.C. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeClinical benefits of statin therapy are accepted, but their safety profiles have been under scrutiny, particularly for the recently introduced statin, rosuvastatin, relating to serious adverse events involving muscle, kidney and liver. Therefore, a historical cohort study was performed to evaluate the association between rosuvastatin versus other statin use and the incidence of rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, acute renal failure and hepatic impairment.MethodsIncident users of rosuvastatin or other statins in 2003–2004 and a cohort of patients not prescribed statins were included from the PHARMO database of >2 million Dutch residents. Cases of hospitalisations for myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure or hepatic impairment were identified for these cohorts. Potential cases were validated through a multi‐step process using data obtained from hospital records. Additionally, cases of all cause deaths were identified from certification alone.ResultsIn 2003 and 2004, 10 147 incident rosuvastatin users, 37 396 incident other statin users and 99 935 patients without statin prescriptions were included. There were 26 validated outcome events in the three cohorts including one case each of myopathy (other statin group) and rhabdomyolysis (non‐treated group). There were no significant differences in the incidence of outcome events between rosuvastatin and other statin users.ConclusionThis study indicated that the number of outcome events is less than 1 per 3000 person years. This study in more than 45 000 Dutch statin users suggests that rosuvastatin does not lead to an increased incidence of rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, acute renal failure or hepatic impairment compared to other statins. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution self‐assembly of tailor‐made macromolecular building blocks prepared by controlled radical polymerization techniques
Authors: Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis review describes the preparation of colloidal aggregates (spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles, polymer vesicles, multicompartment micelles, polyion complexes, schizophrenic micelles) using bottom‐up self‐assembly approaches. In particular, it focuses primarily on the self‐organization of well‐defined macromolecular building blocks (macrosurfactants, polysoaps, polyelectrolytes) synthesized by controlled radical polymerization techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition fragmentation transfer polymerization and nitroxide‐mediated polymerization. The goal of this review is to highlight that these versatile techniques of polymer synthesis allow the preparation of unprecedented nanostructures in dilute solutions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry