bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactational optic neuritis – A case series with review of the literature
Authors: Chaudhary Sameer , Gandhi Adit S , Das Sumita , Jayasri KN , Maheshkumar S , Kowsalya Akkayasamy 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Optic neuritis is the most common optic neuropathy affecting adults, especially women. Lactational optic neuritis is a rare entity occurring during the postpartum period with a high chance of recurrence. Through this study, we evaluated the clinical profile and visual outcome of lactational optic neuritis.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study where patients with optic neuritis presenting during the first year of the postpartum period to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic between January 2016 and December 2022 were included in the study.

Results:
This study included seven eyes of six patients. The mean age of presentation was 24.6 years, with all patients presenting after the first 3 months of the postpartum period. All patients had unilateral involvement except one, presenting with painful vision loss. Best corrected visual acuity ranged from 6/18 to hand movements. Relative afferent pupillary defect and dyschromatopsia were present in all patients. Disc edema was seen in all but one case. Three patients were treated with steroids along with multivitamins, and the remaining three refused treatment with steroids, receiving multivitamins alone. All patients had complete recovery by the end of 12 weeks.

Conclusion:
Optic neuritis during lactation is attributed more to post-pregnancy immunological changes rather than lactation itself. The presentation and clinical features are similar to classic optic neuritis and remain an important differential diagnosis for visual dysfunction in the postpartum period.
Age-related reduction in the functional properties of adult stem cells located in the peripheral region of human retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Arif Waseema , Narendran Siddharth , Kannan Naresh Babu , Ramasamy Kim , Veerappan Muthukkaruppan , Chidambaranathan Gowri Priya 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Adult stem cells (SCs) with self-renewal and multilineage potential have been reported upon culturing human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The current study aimed to identify the location of SCs in human RPE and to elucidate the age-related changes.

Methods:
Peripheral, equatorial, and central RPE cells from donors of three age groups were analyzed for their sphere-forming, clonal, and label-retaining cell properties. Furthermore, native human RPE flatmounts were immunostained for SC and proliferating cell markers.

Results:
Cells with higher sphere-forming and clonal ability were identified only in young donors (<30 years) and were restricted to the periphery. Upon culturing, cells from peripheral and equatorial regions had the label-retaining cell (LRC) property. With aging, the LRCs were restricted to the periphery and were reduced. In young donors, Ki67+ proliferating cells were not observed in native RPE. However, such cells were observed in the peripheral RPE of older donors correlating with the need for regeneration. The native RPE cells were negative for SC marker expression.

Conclusion:
The above findings highlighted the presence of SCs with the ability to proliferate in the peripheral RPE and a reduction in these functional properties of SCs with aging.
Ocular morbidity profiles of out-of-school children in a North Indian urban slum
Authors: Bhartiya Shibal , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Ichhpujani Parul , Parmar Uday Pratap Singh 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
This study evaluates the recent trends in ocular morbidities and vision-related practices in “out-of-school” children in urban slums of Gurugram in North India.

Methods:
In this observational study, a validated questionnaire was administered to 161 students from two nonformal slum schools. Sociocultural, demographic data, vision-related practices, and visual acuity with subjective refraction of the children were recorded.

Results:
A total of 80 boys and 81 girls (9.17 ± 2.58 years) participated in this study. About 40% of the children were from lower socioeconomic status. The visual acuity recorded for all the children, except three children, was 6/6 in both eyes. One child had a pre-phthisical eye with no light perception, following a childhood trauma, with the other eye having 6/6 vision. Two children had refractive errors (myopia and compound myopic astigmatism), with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/6. Thirteen children (8%) had Bitot’s spots and 67 (35.4%) had allergic conjunctivitis. Eight (5%) children complained of dry eye–related symptoms like redness and watering of eyes, while 19 (11.8%) had diffuse headache. Average number of years spent in school for these children was less than 1.7 years (range: 1 month–6 years). Only 10.5% of the children gave the history of watching television more than 30 h/week. Significant association was found between the income of father and use of digital devices in children below 10 years (P = 0.003) and children playing outdoors (P = 0.001). There was a significant association noted for age and use of digital devices (P = 0.037).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of refractive errors in “out-of-school” children of urban slum was much less than the national average. Almost one in three children suffered from eye allergies, while 8% children had Bitot’s spots. The data about the prevalence of ocular comorbidities in underserved areas like urban slums can be used to update and strategize eye health-care delivery models for out-of-school children.
Measurement of dynamic pupillometry parameters in adult Indian population
Authors: Rattan Yamini , Girgla Kawalinder K , Mahajan Gaurav , Prasher Pawan 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To determine normative dynamic pupillometry data in healthy Indian adults and to investigate the effect of age on various pupillary parameters.

Methods:
Pupillometry measurements were obtained on healthy participants using an automatic dynamic pupillometry device, the NPi-200 (NeurOptics Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). Various measurements, including neurologic pupil index (NPi), resting pupil size (Size), minimum pupil diameter (MIN), percentage change in pupil size (CH), constriction velocity (CV), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), latency (LAT), and dilatation velocity (DV), were obtained in routine clinical settings and analyzed statistically for change with age.

Results:
A total of 470 participants (470 eyes) were analyzed. Mean NPi was 4.31 ± 0.31, Size was 4.38 ± 0.80 mm, MIN was 2.87 ± 0.49 mm, CH was 34.67 ± 4.15%, CV was 2.74 ± 0.68 mm/s, MCV was 4.16 ± 0.98 mm/s, LAT was 0.23 ± 0.02 s, and DV was 1.13 ± 0.25 mm/s. NPi and LAT were positively correlated (P < 0.01), whereas Size, MIN, CH, CV, MCV, and DV were negatively correlated with age (P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed between males and females.

Conclusion:
The study offers normative data on dynamic pupillometry parameters across various age groups within a healthy Indian population, which would serve as a reference for future studies in diverse clinical scenarios. It also elucidates that age significantly influences values in the NPi algorithm.
Prevalence of Handwriting Difficulty among Second Grade School Students in North Chennai: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Raghuram P. , Ramachandran P. , Sethuraman Lakshmanan , Sushmita S. , Udayakumar N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Handwriting is one of the important skills, i.e., a child needs to meet the needs of the elementary school classroom. Handwriting difficulties affect children’s school performance. The prevalence of handwriting difficulties among the school children was 34%. Handwriting, a complicated perceptual-motor skill, requires a variety of talents, including visual-motor coordination, motor planning, cognitive and perceptual skills, as well as tactile and kinesthetic sensitivity. A child spends 30%–60% of their school day performing fine motor activities, mainly handwriting activities. Occupational therapy services are often recommended for children with handwriting problems. Handwriting interventions commonly focus on learning, acquisition, and maintaining a new skill. Thus, this study interprets the handwriting difficulties among school-going children.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of handwriting difficulty among second grade school students in North Chennai.

Study Design:
The study design was a cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The students were selected based on the selection criteria. Multistage sampling method was used. The North Chennai wards were chosen first, and then, the areas within them, using the table of random numbers. The lottery method was used to choose a total of 9 schools and a total of 821 students were included. Prior to the child’s participation in the study, the parent’s consent was obtained. Then, the Screener of Handwriting Proficiency and student assessment were administered to all the participants. The collected data were analyzed and results were inferred.

Results:
Handwriting difficulty was prevalent among 240 students which accounted to be 29.2% of second grade students, while 581 students with 70.8% were found to have without handwriting difficulty. Out of 459 male students, 172 students (37.5%) and a total of 363 female students, 68 students (18.8%) have handwriting difficulty. Comparatively, male students were found to have more difficulty than female students. This difference of observation was identified statistically significant which denotes gender contributing factor with respect to handwriting difficulty.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that handwriting difficulties were more prevalent in boys than in girls. Errors in memory were more remarked when compared to other components and placement component was found to have least errors.
Prehabilitation and its Outcomes in Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rajendran A. J. , Raja M. A. , Suresh S. Benedic Kingslin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Prehabilitation is a multidisciplinary health enhancement programme offered before a disease intervention, such as surgery or chemotherapy/radiotherapy. It is a holistic patient care model that focuses on providing nutritional, psychological and functional care to patients before their intervention. Researchers have found that prehabilitation can improve patient outcomes by preparing for a surgery-associated physiological challenge. While studies have been limited, prehabilitation remains a promising strategy for cancer surgery with potential benefits such as improved outcomes, early recovery and lower hospital stay. The concept of prehabilitation has been growing rapidly, and it aims to enhance a patient’s overall health and well-being before surgery or other therapeutic interventions. Prehabilitation can be a valuable tool for cancer patients, providing advantages such as improved outcomes, early recovery and reduced hospital stay after surgery. However, more evidence is needed to support the effectiveness of prehabilitation. This review paper provides an overview of current knowledge and results of studies on the role of prehabilitation in cancer surgery, highlighting the positive effects of prehabilitation on physical performance, nutritional status, quality of life and sometimes reduced morbidity. Allied interventions, such as cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, can also provide valuable lessons for prehabilitation in practice. This comprehensive review provides a well-structured and informative presentation, ensuring clarity and ease of understanding for a technical audience. The technical details are well-supported by appropriate references, ensuring accuracy and credibility. Overall, the paper is a thorough and informative review of prehabilitation in cancer patients, outlining key concepts and evidence and providing insights for future research and practice.
Stroke Care Planner: A Delphi Study
Authors: Sankaran Ravi , Ramachandran Unnikrishnan , Jayaram Nitha , Ali Noufal , Beegum Shadiya , Vidya G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of the study was to analyse the efficacy and acceptability of a care planning tool for comprehensive post-stroke rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods:
An expert panel of physiatrists from Kerala, India, participated in a three-round Delphi study.

Intervention:
Nil.

Results:
Consensus was reached on 13 deficit-oriented modules with best practice key statements. They stress the need for supervised rehabilitation interventions provided by trained health professionals early after discharge from the acute care setting to optimise patient outcomes. Patient-specific, centre-specific and culturally appropriate factors were considered during formulation. Acute care, triage, routine workflow, outcome assessment, trajectory assessment and rationale were recommended, and several standardised outcome measures were identified. Follow-up and community-based rehabilitation suggestions were provided. Specifics on timing, service providers, need for long-term follow-up and interventions differed per module.

Conclusion:
A rigorous consensus method led to key recommendations in modular form using the available evidence and consideration of contextual factors to facilitate clinical practice. This is an important step towards reducing practice variation, closing the evidence–practice gap and improving the quality of rehabilitation services after stroke.

Significance and Innovations:
This is the first formal consensus process to integrate available evidence and expert opinion with a ‘deficit to metric to treatment to outcome’ approach to recommend key aspects of post-stroke rehabilitation from admission to return to the community. The expert panel recommended structured physiatrist-led rehabilitation, initiated early to optimise patient outcomes. In addition to physical rehabilitation, it is important to recognise cognitive and psycho-social deficits along with the influence of contextual factors that impact rehabilitation structures, processes and outcomes.
Unmasking Late Neurological Recovery through Reduced Intrathecal Baclofen
Authors: Patel Chittaranjan P. , DiTommaso Craig C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This case report explores the intricacies of utilising intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy for spasticity management and its impact on neurological recovery. Baclofen, a GABAB agonist with antispasmodic properties, has gained prominence in treating spasticity and muscle spasms related to neurological conditions. This report sheds light on a patient who was under ITB treatment and experienced unexpected late-stage improvements in motor function after the dose was inadvertently reduced. The study underscores the need for careful dosing adjustments to unveil potential neurological recovery masked by ITB therapy. The case highlights the importance of multi-physician communication and frequent dosage evaluation in long-term intrathecal therapy. Moreover, it calls attention to the possibility of motor recovery years following a traumatic brain injury, emphasising the role of neuroplasticity in such cases.
Treatment of Acne Keloidalis Nuchae by Simply Combining Two Conventionally Available Modalities: Ablation with Carbon Dioxide Laser and Intralesional Triamcinolone Acetonide
Authors: Bhingradia Yogesh M , Salunke Tejaswini 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Acne keloidalis nuchae is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the occipital area or nape of the neck characterized by fibrotic papules, firm pustules, and nodules that coalesce into keloid like mass or plaques. It was first described by Kaposi in 1969. It is also known as lichen keloidalis nuchae, dermatitis papillaris capillitia, and folliculitis nuchae scleroticans. If not treated in the early stages of the disease it tends to be refractory to conventional methods like topical, intralesional steroids with antibiotics or retinoids. Surgical interventions remain the only choice in such cases. Various surgical modalities including surgical excision with primary or secondary closure, split-thickness skin grafts, and laser-assisted treatments have been tried. Most surgical methods have longer downtime with a higher chance of relapse. We studied the results of a combined treatment option carbon dioxide laser ablation followed by intralesional triamcinolone injection in the same sitting. This outpatient procedure has shown good results with no relapse and less downtime.
Evaluation of the Impact of Different Surface Treatments on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Jalaluddin Mohammad , Subramanian Deepa , Mathew Joel , Mailankote Shilpa , Almuraikhi Turki , Daghriri Alhussain 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The current study was conducted to assess the effects of various surface treatments on the implant surface.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 45 dental implants measuring 16 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter were used, along with the appropriate abutments. Depending on the surface treatment used, the samples were randomly split into three groups, with 15 implants in each group: Group 1: Control, Group 2: UV light-treated, Group 3: Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-treated. After surface treatment, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to assess the test samples’ surface properties. All sample images were captured using a 3000× magnification. After all three groups’ surfaces were treated, the surface roughness was measured using a digital optical profilometer with a stylus speed of 0.5 mm/s that was connected to computer software.

Results:
The maximum surface roughness was found in the group treated with SLA (0.714 ± 0.12), followed by the group treated with UV light (0.692 ± 0.09) and the control group (0.516 ± 0.12). There was a significant difference found between different surface treatment methods.

Conclusion:
The present study concluded that the group that received the SLA treatment had the highest surface roughness when compared to the UV light and control groups.
Dentists’ Perception of Mysmartalign Clear Aligner Treatment
Authors: Shaga I. Bevin , Priya K , Ramar Selvakumar , Srinidhi S. , Mohan G. Chandra , Ranganathan Sukanya , Moulvi S. M. M. , Mani Bhuvaneswari 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim and Objective:
To assess the dentist perception of efficiency, treatment outcome, and stability of the tooth movement treated with mysmartalign clear aligner therapy (MSA CAT).

Materials and Method:
A cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey was carried out to evaluate the dentist perception of MYSMARTALIGN (MSA). To determine the sample size, a pilot study has been carried out and the final sample arrived was 4990 subjects. The current study’s inclusion criteria took into account those who had finished their BDS and MDS as well as dentists and orthodontists who had been using the MSA CAT system on their patients for the previous 7 years.

Results:
The result of the study showed that most research participants (3650) used MSA to treat mild to moderate malocclusion, and 3996 participants said that initial digital treatment plans have been authorised with no revisions. In view of efficiency, 3894 doctors were satisfied with the final outcome.

Conclusions:
Finally concluded that recent survey showed that dentists were very satisfied with the effectiveness and treatment results of the MSA clear aligner procedure.
Evaluation of Shoulder Injuries: A Comparative Study of Imaging by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Arthrography (MRA)
Authors: Dwivedi Abhishek , Sharma Rachit , Sharma Ankur , Gupta Pallav 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In contrast to the standard shoulder arthroscopy, current radio-diagnostic techniques like magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide less invasive intricate structural detail of shoulder anatomy.

Objectives:
Comparison of efficacy of MRA and MRI for diagnosing suspected rotator cuff injury.

Materials and Methods:
Over the course of 4 years (from June 2017 to June 2021), a comparative study, including 100 individuals with suspected rotator cuff pathology, was conducted. For the evaluation of shoulder injuries, the assessment and comparison of MRA and MRI were done in terms of sensitivity (Sn), positive predictive value (PPV), and diagnostic accuracy (DA).

Results:
MRI and MRA were positive in 76 (76%) and 98 (98%) patients, respectively. The Sn and PPV of MRI for diagnosing the shoulder injury were 76% and 100%, respectively, whereas the Sn and PPV of MRA were 98% and 100%, respectively. MRA was better than MRI in terms of diagnostic accuracy (98% vs. 76%, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
MRA is a nonsurgical effective method in evaluating and diagnosing rotator cuff injuries in comparison to MRI.
Pattern of Traumatic Dental Injuries and Treatment Receipt among Children Attending the University Dental Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Madiraju Guna Shekhar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern and distribution of traumatic injuries to primary and permanent anterior teeth in 2–14-year-old pediatric dental patients in AlHassa region of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
The study sample consisted of pediatric dental patients visiting the university dental complex seeking treatment for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) during the period from February 2022 to April 2023. Data were collected by means of interviewing the children and/or parents regarding the history of trauma and clinical examination for evidence of dental trauma to primary and permanent teeth.

Results:
A total of 122 children (184 teeth) including 78 (63.9%) boys and 44 (36.1%) girls sustained traumatic injuries to their teeth. The most common reason for dental trauma was falls, and maxillary right central incisor was the most frequently affected permanent teeth. Enamel-dentine fractures in permanent teeth and luxation injuries among primary teeth were predominantly noted. Majority of the injuries (47.5%) have been found to have not received timely attention for treatment.

Conclusions:
Early treatment of dental trauma should be emphasized, and preventive strategies targeted at parents and teachers at the community level are needed to promote and reduce the burden of TDIs.
Knowledge and Attitude Toward Otitis Externa: A Saudi Arabian Perspective
Authors: Albulayhid Naif A. , Al-jabr Khalid H. , Almazroua Mohammed M. , Aldossari Mubarak H. , Alsannat Ibrahim A. , Alotaibi Abdulwhab M. , Almalki Yazeed F. , Alotaibi Faihan T. , Alselmi Faris A. , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This study intended to assess the level of awareness and attitude toward otitis externa (OE) and specific limitations that counter the attempts to uplift the understanding and notion related to OE among the general population of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional quantitative study using a questionnaire was done via Google Forms between May 2023 and July 2023. The scoring method was used to determine the participant’s awareness or attitude; participants who scored >50% were considered aware or to have a good attitude.

Results:
Approximately 52.2% had a good attitude toward the OE, and majority were willing to visit healthcare professionals (81%) to provide care and receive proper education during office visits (80.1%). Of all the participants, 69%, 33.4%, and 30.8% suggested that a lack of awareness, cost, and health insurance, respectively, might prevent patients from seeking a healthcare professional. Only 10.9% of participants demonstrated good awareness (score >13) of outer ear inflammation.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate a poor level of awareness regarding OE, and a positive attitude toward seeking healthcare, with the majority recommending professional visits and relying on healthcare professionals for information.