bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeating cytological preparations on liquid‐based cytology samples: A methodological advantage?
Authors: Pinto Álvaro P. , Maia Henrique Felde , di Loretto Celso , Krunn Patrícia , Túlio Siumara , Collaço Luis Martins 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study investigates the rule that repeating cytological preparations on liquid‐based cytology improves sample adequacy, diagnosis, microbiological, and hormonal evaluations. We reviewed 156 cases of pap‐stained preparations of exfoliated cervical cells in two slides processed by DNA‐Cytoliq System®. After sample repeat/dilution, limiting factors affecting sample adequacy were removed in nine cases and three unsatisfactory cases were reclassified as satisfactory. Diagnosis was altered in 24 cases. Of these, the original diagnosis in 15 was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; after the second slide examination, diagnosis in 5 of the 15 cases changed to low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 3 to high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 7 to absence of lesion. Microbiological evaluation was altered, with Candida sp. detected in two repeated slides. Repeat slide preparation or dilution of residual samples enhances cytological diagnosis and decreases effects of limiting factors in manually processed DIGENE DCS LBC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:663–669. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐gynecologic cytology on liquid‐based preparations: A morphologic review of facts and artifacts
Authors: Hoda Rana S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLiquid‐based preparations (LBP) are increasingly being used both for gynecologic (gyn) and non‐gynecologic (non‐gyn) cytology including fine needle aspirations (FNA). The two FDA‐approved LBP currently in use include ThinPrep (TP), (Cytyc Corp, Marlborough, MA) and SurePath (SP), (TriPath Imaging Inc., Burlington, NC). TP was approved for cervico‐vaginal (Pap test) cytology in 1996 and SP in 1999 and both have since also been used for non‐gyn cytology. In the LBP, instead of being smeared, cells are rinsed into a liquid preservative collection medium and processed on automated devices. Even after a decade of use, the morphological interpretation of LBP remains a diagnostic challenge because of somewhat altered morphology and artifacts or facts resulting from the fixation and processing techniques. These changes include cleaner background with altered or reduced background and extracellular elements; architectural changes such as smaller cell clusters and sheets, breakage of papillae; altered cell distribution with more dyscohesion and changes in cellular morphology with enhanced nuclear features, smaller cell size and slightly more three‐dimensional (3‐D) clusters. Herein, we review the published literature on morphological aspects of LBP for non‐gyn cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:621–634. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of imprint cytology for assessment of surgical margins in lumpectomy specimens of breast cancer patients
Authors: Bakhshandeh Maryam , Tutuncuoglu S. Osman , Fischer Gabor , Masood Shahla 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn the past several years, breast‐conservation therapy has provided an alternative to mastectomy. In order to reduce the subsequent local tumor recurrence, it is critical that all the measures are in place to find the residual foci of occult microscopic tumor at the time of the initial lumpectomy procedure. An accepted method to evaluate the lumpectomy margins for presence of residual tumor is the use of imprint cytology (also called touch‐prep), which is assessment of the presence or absence of the tumor cells by cytological preparation. This is a rapid, cost effective, and easy to use procedure with added advantage of saving tissue for permanent sectioning and rendering a definitive diagnosis. In this report, we present our experience using intraoperative imprint cytology for evaluation of the status of lumpectomy specimens in breast cancer patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative imprint cytology for assessment of surgical resection margins in lumpectomy margins of patients with breast carcinoma. This is a retrospective study of 100 cases of breast lumpectomy specimens, which had undergone intraoperative imprint cytology. The cases were retrieved from the archived files of the University of Florida, Department of Pathology at Shands Jacksonville. The results of intraoperative imprint cytology were compared with the histological findings of the corresponding permanent sections of the same cases as the gold standard. Overall, we reviewed 510 cytology imprint slides, which were obtained from 100 lumpectomy specimens. Among these cases, 37 slides from 22 cases were reported positive and the remaining were negative. Only eight slides from six cases of lumpectomy showed discrepancy between the result of intraoperative imprint cytology and the permanent sections of the same cases. In our study, intraoperative imprint cytology showed a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 99%, with positive predictive value of 84%, and negative predictive value of 99%. This study demonstrates that intraoperative imprint cytology can be used as a reliable diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of the status of lumpectomy margins in breast cancer patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:656–659. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leptomeningeal metastasis in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Han Liying , Bhan Raj , Johnson Samuel , Zak Imad , Husain Mujtaba , Al‐Abbadi Mousa A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLeptomeningeal spread of advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix is unusual. To our knowledge, very few cases were reported in the English literature. We report a case of a 39‐yr‐old woman who presented with leptomeningeal metastasis from a stage IIb SCC of uterine cervix. The diagnosis was made by cytomorphological examination of smears obtained from cerebrospinal fluid. The cytomorphological features are demonstrated. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:660‐662. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symptomatic candidiasis: Using self sampled vaginal smears to establish the presence of Candida, lactobacilli, and Gardnerella vaginalis
Authors: Engberts M. K. , Boon M. E. , van Haaften M. , Heintz A. P. M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn a prospective cohort study, 10 symptomatic women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis were taught how to prepare vaginal smears of their own vaginal fluids on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. The 40 smears were stained with the PAS‐method and examined by three different cytopathologists for presence of Candida. Thereafter, the smears were restained with Giemsa‐stain to determine presence of lactobacilli, Gardnerella vaginalis (“clue cells”) and neutrophils.All three cytopathologists unequivocally established Candida blastospores and (pseudo)hyphae in 27 out of the 40 PAS‐stained vaginal smears, whereas in the remaining 13 smears Candida was not found. All 10 patients had Candida in their smears during the second half of their menstrual cycle.Self sampled smears prove to be reliable for establishing the presence of Candida in symptomatic patients with candidiasis. Candida is associated with a lactobacillus‐predominated vaginal flora, but with the absence of Gardnerella vaginalis. Further studies may be directed towards the interaction between the various members of the vaginal flora. This study should open molecular methodology for determining the possible interactions of lactobacilli and Candida. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:635–639. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of cell block preparation methods for nongynecologic ThinPrep specimens
Authors: Nigro Kelly , Tynski Zofia , Wasman Jay , Abdul‐Karim Fadi , Wang Nancy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare four cell block (CB) methods in the setting of nongynecologic ThinPrep (TP) specimens. 48 CBs were prepared from 12 nongynecologic TP specimens using the following CB methods: (1) Inverted filter sedimentation (IFS); (2) Thrombin method; (3) Albumin method; (4) Simple sedimentation. Each CB was assigned a cellularity score: 0 no cells, 1+ hypocellular, 2+ hypocellular with tissue fragments, 3+ cellular. A score of 2+ or 3+ was given for 11/12 of thrombin, 7/12 IFS, 5/12 albumin, and 2/12 simple sedimentation CBs. Thrombin CBs demonstrated a pale background clot with evenly distributed cells. Albumin CBs had a cracked uneven background. IFS CBs had a clear background, but were technically difficult and cells appeared artifactually crowded. In the setting of nongynecologic TP specimens, the thrombin CB was easily prepared and produced the best CB in regards to cellularity, cell distribution, and background quality. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:640–643. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apical and lateral cell protrusions interconnect epithelial cells in live Drosophila wing imaginal discs
Authors: Demontis Fabio , Dahmann Christian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCommunication among cells by means of the exchange of signaling cues is important for tissue and organ development. Recent reports indicate that one way that signaling cues can be delivered is by movement along cellular protrusions interconnecting cells. Here, by using confocal laser scanning microscopy and three‐dimensional rendering, we describe in Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal discs lateral protrusions interconnecting cells of the columnar epithelium. Moreover, we identified protrusions of the apical surface of columnar cells that reached and apparently contacted cells of the overlying squamous epithelium. Both apical and lateral protrusions could be visualized by expression of Tkv‐GFP, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) ‐tagged version of a receptor of the Dpp/BMP4 signaling molecule, and the endosome marker GFP‐Rab5. Our results demonstrate a previously unexpected richness of cellular protrusions within wing imaginal discs and support the view that cellular protrusions may provide a means for exchanging signaling cues between cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:3408–3418, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rapid CZE method for the analysis of benzodiazepines in spiked beverages
Authors: Webb Rebecca , Doble Philip , Dawson Michael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA rapid CZE method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine benzodiazepines in spiked beverages (nitrazepam oxazepam, alprazolam, flunitrazepam, temazepam, diazepam, 7‐aminoflunitrazepam, 7‐aminonitrazepam and 7‐aminoclonazepam). The method employed a double‐coated capillary coated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and then dextran sulphate. The BGE conditions were 100 mM ammonium phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, which gave baseline resolution between consecutive peaks and a run time of less than 6.5 min. This method offers improvements in both resolution and run time, compared to those attained under analogous conditions with an uncoated capillary. The validated method was successfully applied to beverages that had been spiked with benzodiazepines at concentrations simulating prescription tablets. No sample pretreatment was required to quantify five benzodiazepines in Coca‐Cola, orange juice, beer, bourbon and Bacardi. The exception was white wine, where the complex sample matrix did not enable the accurate quantification of nitrazepam.
Persistence of the surface texture of a gravel‐bed river during a large flood
Authors: Clayton Jordan A. , Pitlick John 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe present herein clear field evidence for the persistence of a coarse surface layer in a gravel‐bed river during flows capable of transporting all grain sizes present on the channel bed. Detailed field measurements of channel topography and bed surface grain size were made in a gravel‐bed reach of the Colorado River prior to a flood in 2003. Runoff produced during the 2003 snowmelt was far above average, resulting in a sustained period of high flow with a peak discharge of 27 m3/s (170% of normal peak flow); all available grain sizes within the study reach were mobilized in this period of time. During the 2003 peak flow, the river avulsed immediately upstream of the study reach, thereby abandoning approximately one half kilometer of the former channel. The abandonment was rapid (probably within a few hours), leaving the bed texture essentially frozen in place at the peak of the flood. All locations sampled prior to the flood were resampled following the stream abandonment. In response to the high flow, the surface median grain size (D50s) coarsened slightly in the outer part of the bend while remaining nearly constant along the inner part of the bend, resulting in an overall increase from 18 to 21 mm for the study reach. Thus, the coarse bed surface texture persisted despite shear stresses throughout the bend that were well above the critical entrainment value. This may be explained because the response of the bed texture to increases in flow strength depends primarily upon the continued availability of the various grain size percentiles in the supply, which in this case was essentially unlimited for all sizes present in the channel. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the ability of airborne LiDAR to map river bathymetry
Authors: Hilldale Robert C. , Raff David 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAirborne bathymetric LiDAR was collected for 220 river kilometres in the Yakima and Trinity River Basins in the USA. Concomitant with the aerial data collection, ground surveys of the river bed were performed in both basins. We assess the quality of the bathymetric LiDAR survey from the perspective of its application toward creating accurate, precise and complete streambed topography for numerical modelling and geomorphological assessment. Measurement error is evaluated with respect to ground surveys for magnitude and spatial variation. Analysis of variance statistics indicate that residuals from two independent ground surveys in similar locations do not come from the same population and that mean errors at different study locations also come from different populations. Systematic error indicates a consistent bias in the data and random error falls within values of expected precision. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Field observations of nearshore bar formation
Authors: Aagaard Troels , Kroon Aart , Hughes Michael G. , Greenwood Brian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe formation of an inner nearshore bar was observed during a high‐energy event at the sandy beach of Vejers, Denmark. The bar accreted in situ during surf zone conditions and the growth of the bar was associated with the development of a trough landward of the bar. Measurements of hydrodynamics and sediment fluxes were obtained from electromagnetic current meters and optical backscatter sensors. These process measurements showed that a divergence in sediment transport occurred at the location of the developing trough, and observed gradients in cross‐shore net sediment flux were consistent with the morphological development. The main cause for the flux gradients were cross‐shore gradients in offshore‐directed mean current (undertow) speed which depended upon local relative wave height and local bed slope. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Steady heat release rate by the moment–area method
Authors: Lyon Richard E. , Crowley Sean , Walters Richard N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA simple mathematical procedure is described for computing temporal averages of heat release rate (HRR) data from the moments and area of the history. The moment–area method was used to calculate average HRRs for over 200 specimens having a wide range of chemical composition and sample thickness tested on a bench‐scale fire calorimeter at various external heat fluxes. The average values of HRR obtained by the moment–area method are essentially independent of sample thickness and are potentially useful for ranking material flammability and determining material combustion properties. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid vortex method for the simulation of three‐dimensional flows
Authors: Li Wei , Vezza Marco 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an integral vorticity method for solving three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. A finite volume scheme is implemented to solve the vorticity transport equation, which is discretized on a structured hexahedral mesh. A vortex sheet algorithm is used to enforce the no‐slip boundary condition through a vorticity flux at the boundary. The Biot–Savart integral is evaluated to compute the velocity field, in conjunction with a fast algorithm based on multipole expansion. This method is applied to the simulation of uniform flow past a sphere. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid flow simulation at open–porous medium interface using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Nabovati A. , Sousa A. C. M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe present study investigates, using the lattice Boltzmann method, the influence on the flow of the boundary condition at the open and porous medium interface for a two‐dimensional channel with half of the channel filled with a random porous medium. By simulating the fluid flow at pore level, the proposed macroscopic hydrodynamic boundary conditions are evaluated; correlations for the empirical constant in one of the most widely used models are also presented. The predicted values for the flow rate are in overall agreement with the previously published values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost inefficiency and hospital health outcomes
Authors: McKay Niccie L. , Deily Mary E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study explores the association between cost inefficiency and health outcomes in a national sample of acute‐care hospitals in the US over the period 1999–2001, with health outcomes being measured by both mortality and complications rates. The empirical analysis examines health outcomes as a function of cost inefficiency and other determinants of outcomes, using stochastic frontier analysis to obtain hospital cost inefficiency scores. The results showed no systematic pattern of association between cost inefficiency and hospital health outcomes; the basic results were unchanged regardless of whether cost inefficiency was measured with or without using instrumental variables. The analysis also indicated, however, that the association between cost inefficiency and health outcomes may vary substantially across geographical regions. The study highlights the importance of distinguishing between ‘good’ costs that reflect the efficient use of resources and ‘bad’ costs that stem from waste and other forms of inefficiency. In particular, the study's results suggest that hospital programs focused on reducing cost inefficiency are unlikely to be associated with worsened hospital‐level mortality or complications rates, while, on the other hand, across‐the‐board reductions in cost could well have adverse consequences on health outcomes by reducing efficient as well as inefficient costs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug price reform in the UK: debunking the myths
Authors: Thornton Simeon 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe OFT report into the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) called for reform of the scheme, replacing existing profit and price controls with a system of value‐based pricing (VBP). The report argued that VBP would be much more effective than the current PPRS both at providing value for money for the NHS and giving pharmaceutical companies the right incentives to invest in drugs in the future.The report has sparked a widespread debate about drug pricing in the UK and has been controversial in some quarters. Some of the more negative responses are, however, based on fundamental misconceptions about the OFT recommendations. In particular, contrary to some claims, the recommended system would provide strong incentives for incremental innovation and the right balance of rewards for first in class and follow‐on products. Nor, as is sometimes argued, would VBP have an adverse effect on investment in the UK.Certainly, real challenges lie ahead if VBP is to be implemented. These concern the definition of value, particularly where patient benefits differ significantly by subgroup or indication, and the level of resource required to implement VBP. The OFT report contains proposals for addressing each of these areas. Perhaps the most difficult challenge is the political one: securing acceptance for a reform package that would create winners and losers among pharmaceutical companies according to their success in producing valuable drugs. Ultimately, however, only a scheme that does precisely this can hope to meet the needs of patients, the NHS and innovative companies in the long run. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple primary care information system featuring feedback to clinicians
Authors: Gaumer Gary , Hassan Nefesa , Murphy Michael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA simple information system for primary care clinics was designed to support the USAID funded health system strengthening project in the Suez Governorate in Egypt. This system (FACT—Feedback and Analytic Comparison Tool) was implemented in December 2003 in 14 primary care clinics. The MS Access‐based system was designed and prototyped in several months, and was easily and cheaply modified several times after implementation. A total of 128 562 persons have been registered in the system (as of June 2005) and 36 083 visits have been documented. A key feature of FACT is the ease with which clinicians can conduct exploratory research about practice patterns, and variations in them across doctors and the other clinics. This analytic feature enables the clinicians to self‐diagnose quality problems and take action accordingly. Several of the clinics have used this feature of FACT to identify important gaps in service use among patients, and have taken steps to remove barriers to promote more appropriate patterns of utilization. The paper reviews the design and implementation issues and early evidence of the system's utility in helping support quality improvement (QI) work in the clinics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone growth in rapid prototyped porous titanium implants
Authors: Lopez‐Heredia M. A. , Goyenvalle E. , Aguado E. , Pilet P. , Leroux C. , Dorget M. , Weiss P. , Layrolle P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo porous titanium implants with a pore size diameter of 800 and 1200 μm (Ti800 and Ti1200) and an interconnected network were manufactured using rapid prototyping. Their dimensions and structure matched those of the computer assisted design. The porosity of the implants was around 60%. Their compressive strength and Young's modulus were around 80 MPa and 2.7 GPa, respectively. These values are comparable to those of cortical bone. The implants were implanted bilaterally in the femoral epiphysis of 15 New Zealand White rabbits. After 3 and 8 weeks, abundant bone formation was found inside the rapid prototyped porous titanium implants. For the Ti1200 implants, bone ingrowth was (23.9 ± 3.5)% and (10.3 ± 2.8)%, respectively. A significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found for bone ingrowth in the Ti1200 between the two delays. The percentage of bone directly apposited on titanium was (35.8 ± 5.4)% and (30.5 ± 5.0)%. No significant difference was found for bone‐implant contact between the different time periods and pore sizes. This work demonstrates that manufacturing macroporous titanium implants with controlled shape and porosity using a rapid prototyping method is possible and that this technique is a good candidate for orthopedic and maxillofacial applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008