bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S251 – Facial Symptoms Related to Allergic Rhinitis in U.S. Children
Authors: Derebery M Jennifer , Meltzer Eli O , Boyle John 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesIn addition to general symptoms related to nasal congestion, common secondary symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) include headache, facial pain/pressure, and ear pain/pressure. The prevalence of secondary AR symptoms in U.S. children is described herein.MethodsThe prevalence of headache, facial pain/pressure, and ear pain/pressure in children with and without AR was studied in Pediatric Allergies in America, a national survey of parents of 500 children with current symptoms of nasal allergies and 504 children without nasal allergies (aged 4 to 17 years) among 35,757 U.S. households. Children aged 10 to 17 years were also interviewed, in addition to their parents.ResultsParents report that the occurrence of headaches (55% vs 18%), facial pain/pressure (29% vs 3%), and ear pain/pressure (24% vs 5%) is more frequent in children with AR, compared with those without, respectively. These figures represent an approximately 3‐fold increase in headaches, nearly a 10‐fold increase in facial pain/pressure, and an approximately 5‐fold increase in ear pain/pressure in children suffering from presumed AR, compared with children without AR. Furthermore, headache (59%; 63%), facial pain/pressure (53%; 54%), and ear pain/pressure (56%; 44%) were rated moderately or extremely bothersome by more than half of parents and older children (aged 10 to 17 years) who reported experiencing these symptoms, respectively.ConclusionsThe Pediatric Allergies in America survey suggests that children with presumed AR may suffer significant headache, facial pain/pressure, and ear pain/pressure from nasal allergy symptoms that are not shared by children without nasal allergies.
S257 – Complications in Pediatric Adenoidectomy
Authors: Carr Michele M , Sarah Pesek 
Published: August 2008

Objectives1) To determine the rate of complication following adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy. 2) To determine how the rate of complication varies between pediatric patients under 36 months of age and those from 37 months to 17 years.MethodsThe charts of 253 patients ages 6 months to 17 years who underwent adenoidectomy without associated tonsillectomy between July 2003 and January 2007 at the Hershey Medical Center were reviewed for any complication following the procedure. Comparison was made between the group under 36 months of age and the group older than 36 months.ResultsAt least 1 complication was encountered in 24.9% of the patients. However, complications requiring extra attention such as a prolonged hospital stay or visit to the emergency department affected only 6.32% of the patients. The most common intra‐operative complications was lip abrasion, the most common early post‐operative one was fever, and the most common late complication was a diagnosis of otitis media. No statistically significant difference in the rates of complications was seen between patients under 36 months of age vs. those over.ConclusionsThough the rate of complications due to adenoidectomy is fairly high, the rate of more serious complications is low. There is no statistically significant difference in rate of complication between the age groups studied.
S260 – Orbital Cellulitis in 465 Children: A Review of 465 Cases
Authors: Ryan Jesse T , Sumit Bose , Preciado Diego A 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesOrbital cellulitis (OC) represents a group of conditions ranging from periorbital inflammation to subperiosteal/orbital abscess (SPOA) and cavernous sinus thrombosis. Improvements in imaging studies and endoscopic techniques have led to continued controversies regarding the medical and surgical management of these. We sought to clarify this by reviewing our experience with patients admitted to our institution with OC during a 6‐year period.Methods465 admissions with a diagnosis of OC were identified in the last 6 years. Charts were reviewed for presentation, radiologic evaluation, medical management, surgical treatment, and outcome.ResultsOf the 465 patients, 189 were treated in the emergency room and 276 were admitted to the hospital. CT scan was performed on 240 patients. Subperiosteal or orbital abscess was noted in 70 patients. Of these, 47 were treated medically and 23 had surgery. Surgery was performed endoscopically in 7 patients, open in 9 patients, through a combined approach in 6 patients, and was not documented in 1 case. Patients treated surgically were older (8.5 vs. 6.2 years, p=0.018) and had a longer hospital course (11.3 vs. 6.6 days, p=0.002) than those treated medically. WBC count on admission was similar between groups. Patients with large abscesses, defined as greater than 10mm, were more likely to require surgical intervention than patients with small abscesses (Greek chi 2, p<0.001).ConclusionsSmall SPOA in younger children can successfully be treated medically, while older patients with larger abscesses are more likely to require surgical intervention, in many cases through an open approach.
S261 – Development of the Ethmoidal Fovea during Intrauterine Life
Authors: Lopez Norberto , Martínez‐Burckhardt Rodolfo , Nuñez‐Castruita Alfredo , Bermúdez‐Barba María Victoria , Saldívar‐Rodríguez Donato , Guzmán‐López Santos 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo analyze embryological development of the ethmoidal fovea and the horizontal ethmoidal plate and measure the thickness of the latter during the various stages of gestation, and whether to determine if, during the intrauterine life, there are different types of fovea according to the Keros classification.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive, and comparative study was made using 92 human fetuses. Morphometry was made and inferential statistics and correlations and autocorrelations during different stages were done.ResultsThe morphological structures of the fovea are recognized during the 14th week. In 32‐week‐old fetuses measurements of the fovea did not vary in proportion to the rest of the structures. In all the specimens studied, the type of roof was type I, agreeing with Keros' classification. As for the measurements of the thickness of the fovea, width and length of the crista Galli apophysis, they were significant (p <0,001), strongly supporting their growth in relation to the crown‐caudal length.ConclusionsAs for the various anatomic variants that are observed in the adults, according to Keros' classification, there were no variants in all the fetuses studied as such variants we can assure, at least in the population studied, that these appear until after birth upon development of the middle third of the face.
S263 – Serum IGF‐1 Changes in Early Post‐Adenotonsillectomy Period
Authors: Majidi Mohammadreza , Kamran Ghafarzadegan , Mosugan Pourhamzeh , Nadia Hassanzadeh 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesIncrease in serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1(IGF‐1)level is one of the proposed mechanisms for growth improvement after adenotonsillectomy, but time period for this increase is unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effect of adenotonsillectomy on serum IGF1 level in early postoperative period.MethodsChildren 3 to 10 years of age who underwent adenotonsillectomy because of upper airway obstruction entered the study; weight and height were recorded at the time of surgery. Serum IGF‐1 level was measured before and 3 weeks after surgery. Wilcoxon test was used for comparison of preoperative and postoperative IGF‐1 levels.ResultsThe study population included 14 boys and 9 girls with the mean age of 6.74±1.76 years. Serum IGF‐1 levels increased significantly (p<0.001)from 159.08± 79.83 ng/ml before adenotonsillectomy to 252.26± 131.17 ng/ml three weeks after surgery. All patients (3 girls and 3 boys) with serum levels below normal range had normal values 3 weeks after surgery.ConclusionsThis study showed that the effect of adenotonsillectomy on growth improvement based on hormonal factor is initiated in early stage after surgery.
S267 – Analysis of Balance and Gait Parameters in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Echeverria Lorena , Paradinas Manuel Rodriguez , Pellico Luis Gómez , Rivera Teresa , Martin Asuncion Bosch , De Oca Fernandez Leticia Montes 
Published: August 2008

Objectives1) Describe gait parameters in healthy women walking, eyes opened and eyes closed. 2) Describe normal values of static and dynamic balance under the same conditions. The purpose of this study is to get reference values in gait and balance. This objective is to compare (in the second phase) our results with the data of patients affected by vestibular hypofunction before and after rehabilitation.MethodsWe carried out a pilot study with 22 healthy women. 3‐dimensional video motion analysis system and posturography was used to measure our parameters. Our subjects walked on an instrumented walkway, giving us information about kinetic and kinematic variables (overall cadence, gait velocity, foot progression angle, stride width, stride length, stance and swing ratio). We also had measured stability variables such as postural stability index in static and dynamic conditions (fall risk). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t‐test for matched pairs and Anova test.ResultsOverall cadence was greater on open eyes condition (x= 118,67 steps/minute; SD= 7,23) than on closed eyes condition (x= 115,93; SD=7,74). This difference was significant (p=0.019). Same result occurred in average gait velocity (p value less than 0.05). Postural stability index in open eyes conditions was significantly better than in closed eyes conditions (p value less than 0.05). The others variables measured were determined and no significant differences were found.ConclusionsIn this study we set up the reference values in gait and balance parameters in healthy women. Overall cadence, gait velocity, and postural stability index are decreased in closed eyes condition.
S268 – Cost‐Effective Balloon Sinuplasty
Authors: Lomeo Paul E , Finneman Judith 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesBalloon sinuplasty is a new procedure that is gaining popularity in the United States. However, with all new technology, there is an increase in cost. Balloon sinuplasty increases the overhead for the facility where it is being performed and does not affect reimbursement. To decrease the cost of new technology, the physician, facility, and the company must all think of creative methods to acheive this goal.MethodsIn our institution, we had 60 patients that had balloon sinuplasties performed, with all of them involving both maxilary and frontal sinus. Re‐useable olive‐tip cannula was used instead of the company's recommended disposable guide catheter for the frontal and maxillary sinuses. In using the olive‐tip as a guide catheter, the guide wire and balloon catheter are easily directed to the opening of both the maxillary and frontal sinus.ResultsThe outcome from all 60 patients was successful, with none returning for revision. In using the olive‐tip cannula instead of the disposable catheter guide for the maxillary and frontal sinuses, there was a savings of $37,500 for the institution.ConclusionsThe use of an olive‐tip cannula from the basic FESS set decreases the cost of performing balloon sinuplasty. This suction‐tip can replace the catheter guide without compromising the surgical procedure and is easy to use by the experienced sinus surgeon. There was a cost savings of $625 per procedure when using an olive‐tip cannula instead of the company's recommended catheter guide.
S269 – Anterior Cerebral Artery Syndrome: A Silent Killer in ESS
Authors: Charbonneau Nicolas , Kilty Shaun , Moumdjian Robert , Al‐Macki Khalil , Maleki Mohammad , Desrosiers Martin 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesThis presentation will help the physician optimize their management of this rare complication.MethodsPresentation of a case series from our experience with the management of 3 endonasal surgery complications of intracranial hemorrhage due to anterior cerebral artery trauma. We present a review of the literature and propose an algorithm for the prompt and appropriate management of this complication.ResultsThe recognition of actual or potential intracranial vascular injury following trauma to the skull base during endonasal surgery requires prompt identification and management that extends beyond that of simple CSF leak repair. During the immediate post‐operative period, identification of the extent of injury with neurovascular imaging studies and early neurosurgical consultation is essential. Intermediate peri‐operative management focuses on the prevention of the additional complications of intracranial infection, an intracranial hematoma, and pseudoaneurysm formation by using staged angiography. Long‐term management focuses on optimizing a patient's functional outcome with selective use of MRI to evaluate brain healing while assessing the risk for developing a convulsive disorder.ConclusionsAwareness of the potential for trauma to the anterior cerebral artery complex following skull base penetration during endonasal surgery will allow a surgeon to better anticipate and manage its potential sequelae, thereby reducing the risk of an unfavorable outcome.
S271 – The Use of Erbium Doped Glass Fiber Laser in Septoplasty
Authors: Prokopakis Emmanuel P , Bourolias Constantinos , Velegrakis George , Sobol Emil , Helidonis Emmanuel 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of Erbium doped glass fiber laser in patients undergoing cartilage reshaping under local anesthesia.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in 64 patients undergoing laser nasal septal cartilage reshaping. Micro‐surgical sponges soaked in a tetracaine solution plus adrenalines were applied in each side of the nose for 10 minutes before the procedure. The cartilage of nasal septum was straightened and fixed in the median position using a modified nasal speculum. An optothermomechanical contactor with transparent indenter and thermocouple sensor was placed on septal regions of maximum mechanical stress. Patients were asked to evaluate the severity of pain during the procedure on a visual analog scale. A rhinomanometric evaluation was conducted prior to and after the procedure. All patients were asked to evaluate the improvement of their symptoms. All patients' data and potential complications were put in a database and were statistically assessed.ResultsStatistical analysis showed significant improvement of their symptoms and of rhinomanometric results. No complications or side effects occurred. The mean operative time was 35 minutes.ConclusionsSeptal cartilage reshaping is an easy, painless, and bloodless method using an Erbium doped glass fiber Laser. Laser device LSC‐701 (Arcuo Medical Inc.) is an effective, safe, and inexpensive medical equipment.
S273 – Does Nasal Obstruction Mean that the Nose Is Obstructed?
Authors: Kjaergaard Thomas , Cvancarova Milada Småstuen , Steinsvåg Sverre 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesTo what extent a sense of nasal obstruction correlates with objective measures for nasal space and air flow is still a matter of controversy. Knowledge about this is important in the evaluation of nasal complaints and the planning of treatment. The primary objectives of our study were to evaluate the relationship between subjective nasal blockage and 1) acoustic rhinometry (AR), and 2) Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF).Methods2341 consecutive patients referred to ENT specialist for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea, snoring, or nose‐related complaints were included in this cross‐sectional study. Subjects underwent AR and nasal flow measurements (PNIF). Subjective grading of nasal obstruction was obtained by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Associations between VAS recordings and measurements of PNIF and AR were evaluated with multivariate analysis using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, asthma, allergy and smoking history. The study was conducted in the period 2005–2007.ResultsThe sense of nasal obstruction was correlated to volumes in both anterior and middle segments of the nasal cavities (p<0,001), to minimal cross‐sectional areas in middle segments, and for the nasal airway as a whole (p<0,001) and to PNIF (p<0,001).ConclusionsThe present study indicates that there are significant correlations between the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction and the corresponding measures for space and air flow. We conclude that AR and PNIF are valuable objective investigational tools correlating well with the sensation of nasal obstruction.
S282 – Localization of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Nasal Mucosa
Authors: Yoda Shigetoshi , Hisaki Fukushima , Suetaka Nishiike , Dai Shibata , Harada Tamotsu 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesSeveral studies have reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed within the epithelial cell of the trachea in asthmic patients and asthmic model animals. However, neither appearance nor localization of iNOS in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis has been examined. This research clarifies expression and the localization of iNOS in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis by using the allergic model mice.MethodsAllergic rhinitis was induced in male mice at 6 weeks of age using purified Japanese cedar pollen allergen (Cry j 1). Cry j 1 was injected 2 times into the abdomen (day 0 and 4) and administered intranasally for 7 consecutive days (day 9–15). On day 22, the expression and localization of iNOS in nasal mucosa of both allergic rhinitis model and control mice were examined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn control mice, the expression of iNOS was localized in olfactory nerve, nasal gland beneath the respiratory epithelium and vascular endothelial cells. In allergic rhinitis group, the expression of iNOS was not only localized in olfactory nerve, nasal gland, and vascular endothelial cells, but also in olfactory epithelium and respiratory epithelium.ConclusionsThe expression of iNOS was increased in olfactory epithelium and respiratory epithelium of allergic rhinitis mice compared with controls.
S284 – Impact of Asthma and Atopy on Smell in Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Alobid Isam , Benitez Pedro , Guilemany Jose Maria , de Haro Josep , Picado Cesar , Bernal‐Sprekelsen Manuel S , Miret Joaquim Mullol I 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesNasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinuses mucosa that has negative impact on sense of smell. The aim of this study was: 1) to evaluate the sense of smell in patients with severe nasal polyposis; and 2) to evaluate the role of asthma and atopy on the sense of smell.MethodsWe studied 222 patients with severe nasal polyposis (GIII Lildholt) with mean age of 49±14 years. Smell test of BAST‐24 has been used for I (I‐CN) and V (V‐CN) cranial nerves analysing detection, identification, and forced choice. The results were compared with healthy subjects (n=120).Results54% were asthmatics and 30% had atopy (positive prick test). All of smell test characteristics were worse than healthy subjects (p<0.05) for: detection (I‐CN=37% vs 99%; V‐CN=34% vs 98%), identification (I‐CN=15% vs 55%; V‐CN= 17% vs 59%), and forced choice (I‐CN= 18% vs 77%; V‐CN= 16% vs 43%). Asthmatics had poorer sense of smell (p<0.05) than non‐asthmatics: detection (I‐CN=27% vs 48%; V‐CN=27% vs 41%), identification (I‐CN=11% vs 19%) and forced choice (I‐CN= 13% vs 24%). There were no significant differences between aspirin‐tolerant and aspirin‐sensitive asthmatics or between patients with and without atopy.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that patients with severe nasal polyposis have an important diminution of sense of smell (detection, identification, and forced choice) and that asthma but not atopy has a negative impact on sense of smell.
S289 – Effect of Pterygopalatine Injection on EBL in Sinus Surgery
Authors: Bublik Michael , Eloy Jean A , Tse Brian , Jose W Ruiz , Casiano Roy R 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesWe compare estimated blood loss (EBL) during functional endoscopic sinus surgery between patients receiving transoral pterygopalatine fossa and transnasal infiltration (combined) to patients receiving only transnasal infiltration. Variables such as CT‐stage, revision surgery, presence of polyps, and operative time are considered.MethodsInjection with 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was performed through the greater palatine foramen and transnasally in the “combined” study group (20 patients) and only transnasally in the control group (22 patients). Charts, operative reports, and CT scans were reviewed and demographic data as well as pertinent information were collected. Patients were followed up and all additional procedures and events were recorded.Results12 females and 8 males, average age of 48, underwent combined injections; 16 males and 6 females (average age of 50) were in the control group. Using the Wilcoxon/ Kruskal‐Wallis Tests (Rank Sums), mean EBL calculated for the combined injection group was 347ml and 493ml for the transnasal injection group (CI 0.95, p=0.093). Average ratio of EBL over OR time was 2.89 ml/min for the combined group and 4.11 ml/min for the control group. We also compare EBL between groups in patients with polyps, endoscopic and CT stage, and revision cases. No complications were reported.ConclusionsCombined injection of the pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity appears to be a safe and relatively simple method to decrease EBL during sinus surgery, but initial data analysis shows that the difference did not reach statistical significance.
S296 – Thyroidectomy for Goiter Improves Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Agrama Mark T 
Published: August 2008

ObjectivesEvaluate the effects of total thyroidectomy for euthyroid goiter causing tracheal compression on the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Demonstrate a relationship between tracheal compression and OSA.MethodsA retrospective study of 8 patients with euthyroid goiter causing tracheal compression who had moderate or severe OSA. Between January 2004 and December 2007, 8 patients with these conditions were treated in a community hospital by the author. At least 1 compressive symptom (dysphagia, dyspnea, and/or orthopnea) was reported by all patients. Computed tomography of the neck and chest was used to confirm the extent of goiter and tracheal compression. OSA was confirmed with preoperative polysomnography. Total thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative polysomnography was obtained after 90 days. Outcome measures were changes in compressive symptoms and AHI using paired t test.ResultsAll 8 patients reported symptomatic control of compressive symptoms after thyroidectomy. 7 of 8 patients demonstrated postoperative improvement of AHI. The mean postoperative AHI decreased significantly from 52.1 to 36.6 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTotal thyroidectomy for goiter causing tracheal compression can significantly improve symptoms and AHI in those patients who have OSA. Evaluation of patients with OSA should include screening for tracheal compression from goiter.