bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in a population of Polish young men
Authors: NOWAK MS , GOS R , KLYSIK AB , SMIGIELSKI J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine the prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT) in a representative sample of Polish young men. Methods: A retrospective study of medical records of Military‐Medical Commission of Lodz, Poland. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 105017 men examined during period 1993‐2004. We chose for the study a representative sample of 994 individuals. If the IOP was higher than 21 mmHg, the optic nerve and visual field were evaluated. We use the statistic analysis to estimate the results in a whole population of young men examined during researched period. Results: The mean age of researched individuals was 22.46 +/‐ 4.29 . Glaucoma and ocular hypertension were diagnosed in 1.11% subjects. The data collected from Military‐Medical Commission did not differentiate glaucoma to OHT. Extrapolating these results to the whole population we estimate that the prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension is around 1.0% of the population of Polish young men. Conclusions: The study shows that the overall prevalence of glaucoma and ocular hypertension is relatively low (1.11%) in this population of young men. Further investigations are needed to compare these results to the group of women at the same age.
Comparison among bevacizumab, ranibizumab and pegaptanib on human umbilical vein endothelial cells viability, apoptosis and proliferation
Authors: CARNEIRO A , FALCAO M , SOARES R , AZEVEDO I , FALCAO‐REIS F 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the short term in vitro effects of anti‐VEGF molecules available in ophthalmological practice in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods: Cultures of HUVECs were established and treated during 24 h with different concentrations (including intravitreal concentrations used in intravitreal injections) of either bevacizumab, ranibizumab or pegaptanib diluted in culture medium. Controls were incubated with excipient solutions. Effects on cell viability (MTT assays), apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and proliferation (using BrdU) were investigated. Results: Viability of HUVECs incubated with bevacizumab, ranibizumab or pegaptanib did not significantly differ from controls in any of the concentrations examined. An increase in cell apoptosis by all anti‐VEGF agents was found. In clinically used concentrations apoptotic fold increase was higher in the bevacizumab group. A decrease in cell proliferation was found when HUVECs were incubated with any of the three agents. Conclusions: These findings indicate that all investigated molecules inhibit cellular proliferation without inducing cytotoxicity. Bevacizumab at concentrations identical to the dose normally used in intravitreal injections had a greater fold increase in apoptosis than the other anti‐VEGF agents.
Diagnostic ability of GDx VCC to discriminate between healthy eyes, ocular hypertensive subjects and glaucoma patients
Authors: BORQUE E , FERRERAS A , POLO V , LARROSA JM , ALIAS EG , HONRUBIA FM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of laser polarimeter GDx VCC to discriminate between healthy eyes, ocular hypertensive subjects and glaucoma patients. Methods: 417 eyes of 417 subjects were included. They were divided into 60 healthy controls, 289 ocular hypertensive subjects and 71 glaucoma patients. The GDx VCC parameters were compared among the study groups using analysis of variance. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for TSNIT average, superior average, inferior average, TSNIT standard deviation and nerve fiber indicator (NFI) between control and glaucoma eyes. Results: All evaluated parameters of the GDx VCC showed significant differences between control and glaucomatous eyes and between ocular hypertensive eyes and glaucoma patients. NFI had the greatest area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.881). The AUCs for the inferior average, TSNIT standard deviation and TSNIT average were 0,834, 0.824 and 0.819, respectively. NFI presented a larger AUC than the other GDx VCC parameters. Conclusions: The GDx VCC exhibited a good diagnostic ability to discriminate between healthy and glaucomatous eyes with damage in SAP. The best parameter was NFI.
Ultrastructure of diabetic epimacular tissue
Authors: SYNEK S , PAC L , SYNKOVA M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Nowaday there are exist some different modalities of Diabetic cystoid macular oedema (DME) therapy. Authors compare results in laser coagulation against pars plana vitrectomy. Methods: 20 eyes of patients with DME were randomized into two groups. One’s was treated only by laser focal coagulation the second’s only by pars plana vitrectomy with epimacular tissue removal without laser coagulation. Samples of epiretinal tissue from vitrectomized eyes were examined by transmissive electron microscopy (TEM). Results: Median duration of DME at the time of PPV was approximately 18, 0 (12 ‐ 24) months. The median preoperative best‐corrected VA of 0.08, improved to a median postoperative VA of 0.25. 10 eyes without laser coagulation had a median VA improvement of 77%, while 10 eyes with macular laser treatment had a median VA improvement of 14.8%. In all 20 eyes, DME was no longer visible on microscopic examination after a median period of 3.0 months. TEM Epiretinal tissues samples demonstrate solid blocks of fibroblasts with firm skeleton from collagen fibres. Conclusions: PPV resulted in the resolution of oedema, with an improvement in visual acuity in the majority of cases. A randomized controlled prospective trial of PPV versus laser is needed to determine the role of PPV as treatment modality for DME
Counting strategies for endothelial assessment of organ cultured corneas using image analysis: comparison of border versus center method
Authors: DEB‐JOARDAR N , ZHAO M , THURET G , ROBERT PY , GAVET Y , ACQUART S , PEOC'H M , MAUGERY J , GAIN PG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To compare 2 cell count strategies, border and center methods for endothelial assessment during corneal storage Methods: 7 observers determined the ECD, CV of cell area, and % hexagonality of 30 organ cultured corneas by the border (contour detection and manual retouch) and center method (indicating cell centers) using Sambacornea analyser. Interobs variability for ECD and agreement between the 2 methods was determined. The accuracy of the center method was verified on 10 standard photolithographic mosaics (called keratotest) by border (ref method) and center methods, first as fast and next as precise as possible (fast and slow modes respectively) and the time noted. Results: For stored corneas, interobserver variability was ±9.6%(95%CI[6.5‐12.7]) for border method and ±9.3%(95%CI[6.3‐12.3]) for center method. ECD [mean±SD(range),median] was [2948±565(1644‐3878),3081] and [2961±568(1736‐3914),3037] respectively and showed excellent correlation (Pearson coefficient r=0.998, p<0.001). The center method underestimated the CV by a mean 9.5%95%CI[8.3‐10.7] and overestimated the hexagonality by a mean 2.5%(95%CI[1.4‐3.7])(p<0.001 for both). Precision of indication of cell center influenced only the CV (mean for slow and fast modes being 3.6±0.7% and 7.4±1.3% respectively, p<0.001) but was more time consuming (p=0.005) Conclusions: The center method gives accurate and reproducible ECD and is comparable to the border method (reference). However, morphometric evaluation is not fully reliable. Given that center method is easier to use in poor quality images, we recommend its use only for these cases.Grant: Etablissement Français des Greffes 2004
Correlation between global indices of short‐wavelength automated perimetry and GDx VCC parameters
Authors: FERRERAS A , PAJARIN AB , LARROSA JM , POLO V , BORQUE E , HONRUBIA FM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To correlate the main indices of short‐wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) with the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measured with the scanning laser polarimeter GDx VCC (Laser Diagnostic Technologies, Inc., San Diego, CA) in different diagnostic groups. Methods: 400 eyes were divided into 56 control eyes, 211 ocular hypertensive subjects, 67 glaucoma suspects and 66 glaucomatous patients, depending on intraocular pressure, optic nerve head morphologhy and standard automated perimetry (Humphrey 24‐2 SITA standard). Only one eye was randomly chosen for the study. SWAPs were performed with a Humphrey perimeter and the 24‐2 full threshold algorithm. Pearson correlations between SWAP indices (mean deviation ‐MD‐ and pattern standard deviation –PSD‐) and GDx VCC parameters (Nerve fiber indicator –NFI‐, TSNIT average, superior average, inferior average and TSNIT standard deviation) were calculated for each group of subjects. Results: Mild significant (p<0.05) correlations were observed between SWAP indices and most GDx parameters in the glaucoma suspect and the glaucomatous groups. Few GDx parameters showed mild correlations with the indices of SWAP in the normal group, but no significant correlations were found in the ocular hypertensive group. The TSNIT standard deviation exhibited the strongest correlation with the MD in the glaucoma group (0.33). Conclusions: Laser polarimetry parameters showed mild correlations with SWAP defects in glaucoma subjects.
Training improves the identification of Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation in the UK network of ophthalmic reading centres
Authors: PATTON WP , PETO T , MULDREW KA , REEVES B , LENFESTY P , HARDING SP , STEVENSON M , CHAKRAVARTHY U 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To report on the identification of Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP) in the Network of Ophthalmic Reading Centres UK (NetwORC) for the Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy (VPDT) cohort study. RAP tends to be bilateral and although it is accepted to be part of the spectrum of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), no treatment has yet proved to be as successful as in other types of AMD. A diagnosis of RAP is therefore instrumental to the success of treatment decisions to be made. Methods: The VPDT study involves the grading of more than 5000 angiograms per annum at the network of Reading Centres (RC) with regular training and concordance activities being performed. The grading database was queried for RAP lesions identified on a monthly basis between Nov 2005 and Oct 2006. Expert training on identification of RAP was given at 3 successive meetings during this period. Results: In this 12‐month period, 5402 angiograms were graded (including both primary and quality assurance gradings). RAP was identified in 264 cases, with a step‐wise increase in the identification of RAP during this one year period. Using a simple chi‐squared for trend test, there is a highly significant increasing trend over the 12 months (p<0.0001) following training sessions at all three RCs, highlighting the benefit of structured training. Conclusions: The present study has shown that consistent concordance and training exercises across the RC network improves the identification of specific lesion components such as RAP. With improved education, other clinical and grading staff can be trained to recognise RAP lesions and better identification may lead to improved treatment outcomes.
Development of an image analysis device to measure transparency, folding and gerontoxon of organ cultured corneas
Authors: ZHAO M , JOUBERT J , DEB‐JOARDAR N , PIPPARELLI A , ACQUART S , PEOC'H M , PRADES JM , MAUGERY J , THURET G , GAIN PG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To develop an image analysis device devoted to the measurement of donor corneal transparency (T), folding (F) and clear corneal diameter excluding gerontoxon (G) during organ culture Methods: High res digital images of a retroilluminated test chart comprising parallel lines viewed through the cornea were analysed using a dedicated software. T (%) was a ratio of local contrast of the test chart and F (%) was a ratio of mean of line profiles, each measured with and without the cornea. Area of clear cornea outside gerontoxon was calculated from a circle delineated by the observer. On each image, 3 independent experts classified T, F and G according to 3‐level score (++/+/0) which served as reference. 179 human corneas (fresh, stored and deswelled) were consecutively analysed to include a broad spectrum of T and F Results: The device was able to discriminate between the 3 classes of T, F and G established by the experts. T was 20±4, 36±8 and 51±10% respectively for transparency deemed poor, average and excellent (P<0.01). F was 29±10, 22±6, and 17±6% respectively for folding deemed high, average and minimal (P<0.01). Diameter of clear central cornea was 7.7±1.1, 8.9±0.8, 10.4±0.6 mm respectively for gerontoxon deemed severe, moderate and absent (P<0.01) Conclusions: This simple and original device provides reliable quantitative objective measures of T, F and G. It will help standardizing quality assessment of corneas among eye banks.A trial designed to assess the ability of the device to select corneas before delivery in the setting of the routine practice of our cornea bank is ongoing.Grants :Etab Français des Greffes 2004 and PHRC/AOL 2007
Ocular inflammation secondary to syphilis infection
Authors: PUECH C , CHIQUET C , PAVESE P , BOUILLET L , ROMANET JP 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: to report ocular inflammation secondary to syphilis infection in a tertiary center. Methods: Within a prospective study (2 years, 2005‐2007), we collected data on 7 male patients with ocular syphilis. Diagnosis was based on serology tests on blood sample and/or cerebrospinal fluid. All patients underwent a check up for ocular inflammation to rule out another etiological diagnosis and to detect another sexually transmitted infection. Results: Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus was reported in 4 patients, with a CD4 T lymphocyte count greater than 300/mm3 in all cases. The ocular lesions were variable ; chorioretinitis (1 eye), retinal necrosis (2), panuveitis with macular edema (1), episcleritis (1), anterior optic neuropathy (1), and retrobulbar optic neuropathy (1). Infection of the cerebrospinal fluid was detected in 4/4 cases. The lumbar puncture was refused in 3 cases. In all cases, the inflammation was unilateral, and the anatomical and functional prognosis was excellent. Only one patient with the anterior optic neuropathy required systemic steroid therapy associated with antibiotics. Sequelae were a sectorial atrophy of the optic nerve (1 eye), and abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium (3 eyes). 6/7 patients were treated with ceftriaxone 2g/day during 3 weeks, with a good tolerance. One patient was treated with penicillin G. Conclusions: All patients with ocular syphilis exhibited a functional improvement and resolution of ocular inflammation after a specific antibiotic treatment. In our area, the incidence of syphilis increases in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. As a great imitator, syphilis should be considered in all patients with uveitis or optic neuritis, especially in men with unprotected sexual behavior.
4α‐PDD induces Ca2+ influx in human corneal epithelial cells by activating TRPV4 channels
Authors: MERGLER S , PAN Z , YANG H , LIU H , TACHADO SD , ZHANG F , PLEYER U , REINACH P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Transient receptor potential (TRP) isoform expression is evident in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC‐SV40). However, their role in maintaining corneal epithelial homeostasis is not fully understood. We probed for gene and protein expression as well as functional activity of the vanilloid subtype, TRPV4, in immortalized HCEC‐SV40 since they elicit Ca2+ dependent regulatory volume decrease (RVD) responses during exposure to a hypotonic challenge. Methods: RT‐PCR and Western blotting analyses identified TRPV4 gene and protein expression. Functional activity was assessed based on determining whether the TRPV4 selective agonist, 4α‐PDD, induced transients increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Results: Single cell fluorescence imaging results showed that 4α‐PDD (3 μM) increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The fura2 fluorescence ratio (f340/f380) was 0.39 ± 0.03578 in the resting state (n = 5). After application of 4α‐PDD it increased to 0.904 ± 0.14363 (n = 5; p = 5.72077×10‐5). This increase was abolished by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red or by Ca2+‐free Ringer's medium. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is functional TRPV4 expression in HCEC‐SV40. TRPV4 expression may provide an osmosensor role to induce RVD behavior during exposure to a hypotonic challenge since this response is mediated through intracellular Ca2+ transients.Supported in part DFG Pl 150/14‐1 and NIH, EY04795. CR: none
Phenotype characteristics of patients with Usher syndrome type 2
Authors: FARKAS A , LESCH B , VARSANYI B , VA'MOS R 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether USH2A and USH2C genotypes are clinically distinguishable based on data described in the literature. Methods: In a patient group diagnosed clinically as Usher syndrome type 2 (35 patients, aged 6‐64 yrs) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), static visual fields (Octopus 101), full field and multifocal electroretinograms (RETIport and RETIscan, Roland Consult) and the structure of the central retina (optical coherence tomography, using Stratus OCT3 Zeiss) were examined. Results: BCVA: LogMAR 0.3 or better in 19, 0.3‐1.0 in 13 and worse in 3 patients. Radius of the residual central field was between 25º and 10º in 11, between 10º and 5º in 21 patients and less than 5º in 3 patients. Full field ERG: both rod and cone responses were extinguished in 29 patients, while residual 30 Hz flicker cone activity was detectable in 6 patients. MfERG: subnormal b‐wave amplitudes were measured in the central 3 rings in 11 patients, 2 rings in 16 patients, in the central ring only in 3 patients and in 5 patients no response was recordable. OCT was carried out in 18 patients; decrease in TMV in 10 patients, blunting of the foveolar pit in 5 and cystic intraretinal changes in 3 patients were found. Conclusions: This retrospective examination does not allow a correct differentiation of the two Usher subtypes. In the majority of patients clinical symptoms indicate the phenotype of USH2A. Three patients (with the most severe clinical condition) might represent a different genetic subtype.
Reconstitution of conjunctival epithelium under the influence of mesenchymal stem cells on a rabbit model of symblepharon
Authors: GARDEA E , GUEUDRY J , DUCLOS C , VANNIER JP , MARIE JP , LAMACZ M , MURAINE M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Conjunctival fibrosis pathologies are hard to treat and liable to be recurrent. We worked out a project of cellular therapy by means of mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow so as to improve the therapeutic results. Methods: We created an original model of symblepharon on the rabbit. We reconstructed the fornix thanks to an amniotic membrane covered, either with mesenchymal stem cells (MA/MSC), or conjunctival fibroblasts (MA/Fibro.) or with a single amniotic membrane (MA). Results: The model of symblepharon presents a loss of anatomy with an average depth reduction of 60 % and a loss of function with goblet cells disappearance.After reconstruction, we had an anatomical restoration in all the operated eyes with a depth close to normal 10 ± 2, 11 ± 3 ET 9 ± 2 mm respectively in the MA/MSC, MA and MA/fibroblasts group. The difference between the groups is not statistically significant (p>0,05).The analysis of the conjunctival phenotype by immunochemistry MUC5ac shows a statistically higher density (p<0, 05) of goblet cells in the MA/MSC 109 ± 25 group, than in the MA 32 ± 10 and MA/fibroblasts 10 ± 5 cells/mm group.Local inflammation estimated by histological analysis is lower and similar in the group MA/MSC and MA with a average of 550 ±50 inflammatory cells/mm in the forniceal area than in the group MA/fibroblasts with a average of 1165 ±50 cells/mm. Conclusions: We demonstrated the feasibility of a reliable and reproducible animal model of conjunctival symblepharon. The anatomy is restored in the 3 groups but the presence of MSC allows us to find a conjunctival phenotype close to normal partly thanks to a decrease of the local inflammation.
Correlation between fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema
Authors: GARCIA CAMPOS JM 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To compare the pattern of fluorescein angiography with the optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema. Methods: 145 eyes ( 92 patients)with diabetic macular edema were included. The fluorescein angiography pattern were organized in focal, diffuse, cystoid +focal, cystoid, tractional and detachment of the neuroepithelium. Retinal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. Correlation between optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography were analyzed. Results: Focal type was found in 93,79%, cystoid in 35,86% and diffuse in 3,44% of the cases.The optical coherence tomography revealed swelling component in 73,28%, cystoid in 41,78%, detachment of the neuroepithelium in 11,8% and tractional in 6,2% of the patients.The swelling image was observed in 79,1% of the patients with focal leakage, 80% of the diffuse and 73,2% of the focal + cystoid. The cystoid component in the 72,3% of the patients with focal+cystoid leakage and 40% of the diffuse+cystoid .The detachment of the neuroepithelium was associated with cystoid swelling in 70,58% of the cases and the tractional detachment with swelling type in 77,7% .None of the serous detachment could be detected with angiography fluorescein. Conclusions: The fluorescein angiography do not correlate in all cases with OCT.Macular retinal thickness measurements were higher in the patients with detachment of the neuroepithelium pattern than in the other types of optical coherence tomography features.
Segmentation analysis of the age related retinal changes in patients with achromatopsia
Authors: VARSANYI B , LESCH B , VA'MOS R , FARKAS A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Our previous results showed a significant reduction in the retinal thickness (RT) in the macular region of patients with congenital achromatopsia. In this study we investigated the age‐dependent changes of the different layers of the central retina. Methods: The retina of eight patients with achromatopsia were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Beside the total retina, the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), the inner (InR) and outer retina (OuR), and the pigment epithelium – choriocapillary complex (RPE‐CC) was analyzed. Measurements were taken in the fovea (RPE‐CC and InR only), at the parafoveal rim, and 3 mm away from the fovea using A‐scan analysis and callipers. The results of the “younger” (N=5; mean age: 10yrs, ±2.8) and “older” (N=3; mean age: 56.3yrs, ±15) patients were compared using Mann‐Whitney‐U test. The analysis was also performed on eight age‐matched control subjects. Results: The InR and RNFL was significantly thinner (p<0.01; p<0.05) in the “older” compared to the “younger” patient group in all regions. The OuR and RPE‐CC was also thinner in the “older” group, but these changes were not significant (p>0.05). In the healthy control group only non‐significant changes were seen, mainly in the RPE‐CC layer. No significant changes were found between the two methods of the measurements. Conclusions: These findings support our theory that the age‐dependent changes seen in the retinal morphology of the achromatopsia patients are due to the involvement of the cone‐related structures rather than the photoreceptors themselves.