bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Medical Conditions and Wishes to Die among Older Primary Care Patients
Authors: Kim Yeowon A. , Bogner Hillary R. , Brown Gregory K. , Gallo Joseph J. 
Published: September 2006

Objective: To determine the prevalence of wishes to die and the medical correlates of wishes to die among primary care patients aged 65 years and older. Method: Three-hundred and fifty-five adults with and without significant depressive symptoms who were screened in primary care offices and invited to participate completed a baseline in-home assessment. Participants were interviewed using standardized measures of medical conditions, functional status, and psychological status. Thoughts of death and wishes to die were assessed with standard questions from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Depression Section. Results: The weighted point prevalence of thoughts of death was 9.7% and 6.1% for the wish to die. Several medical conditions were associated with a wish to die, for example myocardial infarction (MI). In multivariate models that adjusted for potentially influential characteristics, the association between a history of MI and the wish to die remained statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) = 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.26, 8.75). Conclusions: Thoughts of death and a wish to die are common in older primary care patients and were more likely among persons with chronic medical conditions. Persons with a history of myocardial infarction may be particularly vulnerable to a wish to die.
Suicide Notes: Psychological and Clinical Profile
Authors: Bhatia Manjeet S. , Verma Satish K. , Murty O. P. 
Published: September 2006

Objective: Suicide is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing as well as developed countries. Psychological autopsy is supplementary to medical autopsy in finding out the correct cause of death. Suicide notes form an important component of psychological autopsy. Method: In the present study, psychosocial and clinical profile of 40 suicide note writers is present. The contents of suicide notes were also analysed. Results: A majority of suicide note writers were to 21 to 30 years of age (55%) and were males (65%). Home was the most common place for committing suicide (80%) and hanging was the most common method. All suicide notes were handwritten and a last wish was mentioned in 30%. Suicide note was most commonly addressed to a sibling (20%). Disturbed love affair and financial problems were the common reasons mentioned in suicide notes. Hopelessness and depression was the most common diagnosis in 52.5% cases. Conclusion: More studies are warranted to detect and analyze the suicide notes so that they not only help in confirming cause of death as suicide but also help in suicide prevention programs.
Does Proximity to Clinic Affect Immunization Rates and Blood Pressure?
Authors: Baumgardner Dennis J. , Halsmer Sarah E. , Steber Dale L. , Shah Dharmen S. , Mundt Marlon P. 
Published: September 2006

Objective: Primary care clinics are frequently placed in neighborhoods to improve access. Little is known whether or not this improves outcomes. We sought to determine if childhood immunization rates and adult blood pressure (BP) levels are related to proximity of home to clinic. Method: We conducted a retrospective chart review in a community family medicine clinic in a neighborhood grocery store (CC) and a hospital-based family medicine residency clinic (HC) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Randomly selected subjects included children aged 2–5 years ( n = 151 CC; 241 HC) and adult continuity patients ( n = 197 CC; 242 HC). ARC-GIS was used to geocode patient home addresses, and distances were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's rank correlation, or Mann-Whitney test. Proportion of primary immunization by age 2 and age at completion, numerical BP, and proportion abnormal BP were each correlated to distance and driving distance to clinic. Results: Median driving distance of patient to clinic was significantly less for CC than HC (children = 1.47 versus 2.35 miles, p < 0.0001; adults = 1.53 versus 3.12, p < 0.001). For each clinic, and for all subjects combined, and for subsets by gender, ethnicity and insurance status, there was no significant correlation between proportion immunized by age 2 or age at completion and linear or categorical driving distance (or linear distance) to clinic ( p = 0.12–0.99), or between BP values or proportion abnormal and distances to clinic ( p = 0.44–0.97). Conclusions: In this urban area, proximity of home to clinic did not correlate with primary immunization completion or blood pressure in either a hospital-based or a community clinic.
A Sociodemographic, Phenomenological, and Long-Term Follow-up Study of Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Brazil
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo F. , Telles Leonardo L. , Nazar Bruno P. , de Menezes Gabriela Bezerra , do Nascimento Antonio Leandro , Mendlowicz Mauro V. , Versiani Marcio 
Published: September 2006

Objective: The main characteristic of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance in a normal-appearing person or an excessive preoccupation with appearance in a person with a small physical defect. In this non-controlled study, our objective was to describe the socio-demographic, phenomenological, and long-term outcome features of a Brazilian sample of patients with BDD. Methods: We performed a chart-review of the 166 patients who attended the Obsessions, Compulsions, and Impulsions Subprogram of the Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the period between 1998 and 2005. Results: Twenty patients (12%) had clinically significant BDD. This sample was characterized by a predominance of female ( n = 11; 55%), single or divorced ( n = 18; 90%), and economically unproductive patients ( n = 17; 85%). We found an average of 2.5 current imagined defects per patient. The most frequently reported body parts of excessive concern were the overall appearance, size or shape of the face ( n = 7; 35%), the skin ( n = 6; 30%), the hair ( n = 6; 30%), the nose ( n = 5; 25%), and the body build and weight ( n = 5; 25%). Most individuals exhibited a chronic condition ( n = 13; 65%) and kept the same concerns during the course of the disorder ( n = 12; 60%). All patients displayed compulsive behaviors, including recurrent mirror checking ( n = 14; 70%), camouflaging ( n = 13; 65%), reassurance seeking by means of repetitive questioning of others ( n = 9; 45%), and excessive use of cosmetics ( n = 7; 35%). Two patients reported “do-it-yourself surgeries. Seven patients had current suicidal ideation (35%). Six patients (30%) showed no insight over their dysmorphic beliefs. Fifteen patients (95%) exhibited psychiatric comorbidities, mostly obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ( n = 14, 70%) and major depressive disorder ( n = 11; 55%). The majority of patients were treated naturalistically with serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( n = 15; 75%), either solo or in association with antipsychotics ( n = 10; 50%). Nevertheless, only 5 (25%) responded favorably to treatment during the long-term follow-up (CGI < 2). Conclusions: BDD is a severe disorder that is frequently associated with other psychiatric conditions and responds poorly to treatment in the naturalistic setting. No significant trans-cultural variations were identified in the comparison between Brazilian, North American, and European samples.
iWood: An Intelligent Iontronic Device for Human‐Wood Interactions
Authors: Li Bin , Ge Ruiqing , Du Wenwen , Wang Zhenning , Peng Tao , Wang Ruojiang , Chang Yu , Pan Tingrui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWoodwork is involved in a variety of interactions with humans through physical contact, which may reveal valuable information if the tactile data can be unnoticeably extracted. In this work, an intelligent iontronic wood (iWood) device, along with its seamlessly integrated architecture into the woodwork, enabled by the iontronic sensing principle, is implemented. Notably, the tactile sensing structure is generated at the iontronic interface between ionic and conductive woods. In particular, the ionic wood is established by infusing an ionic liquid into the wood, followed by immobilizing it via chemical bonding, presenting both prominent ionic conductivity and excellent stability under pressure. By formatting the woods into identical strips, the high‐density tactile sensing array can be simply formed by a braiding process for a scalable interwoven structure. As a result, the iWood device has offered a high sensitivity over a broad detection of 0.5 MPa and an array of 40 × 90 units covering an area up to 3600 cm2. The iWood device is showcased as an interactive human interface, demonstrating its potential as a smart desktop capable of gesture and object recognition, a health‐tracking chair for real‐time ballistocardiograph monitoring, and an embedded intelligent floor for weight management and gait analysis.
Toward Sustainability in All‐Printed Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Makhinia Anatolii , Bynens Lize , Goossens Arwin , Deckers Jasper , Lutsen Laurence , Vandewal Koen , Maes Wouter , Beni Valerio , Andersson Ersman Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study reports on the first all‐printed vertically stacked organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) operating in accumulation mode; the devices, relying on poly([4,4′‐bis(2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)‐2,2′‐bithiophen‐5,5′‐diyl]‐alt‐[thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐2,5‐diyl]) (pgBTTT) as the active channel material, are fabricated via a combination of screen and inkjet printing technologies. The resulting OECTs (W/L ≈5) demonstrate good switching performance; gm, norm ≈13 mS cm−1, µC* ≈21 F cm−1 V−1 s−1, ON–OFF ratio > 104 and good cycling stability upon continuous operation for 2 h. The inkjet printing process of pgBTTT is established by first solubilizing the polymer in dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene), a non‐toxic, cellulose‐derived, and biodegradable solvent. The resulting ink formulations exhibit good jettability, thereby providing reproducible and stable p‐type accumulation mode all‐printed OECTs with high performance. Besides the environmental and safety benefits of this solvent, this study also demonstrates the assessment of how the solvent affects the performance of spin‐coated OECTs, which justifies the choice of Cyrene as an alternative to commonly used harmful solvents such as chloroform, also from a device perspective. Hence, this approach shows a new possibility of obtaining more sustainable printed electronic devices, which will eventually result in all‐printed OECT‐based logic circuits operating in complementary mode.
Thermal Computing with Mechanical Transistors
Authors: Chen Huyue , Song Chao , Wu Jiahao , Zou Bihui , Zhang Zhihan , Hu Zhiyuan , Zou An , Wang Zhaoguang , Cho Yuljae , Yang Zhuoqing , Zhang Wenming , Shao Lei , Ju Jaehyung 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMechanical computing has garnered significant interest as a supplement to traditional electronic computing, which often grapples with issues like high power consumption, security vulnerabilities, and susceptibility to extreme environmental conditions such as intense heat and radiation. Yet, most research in mechanical computing has been limited to the ad hoc design of simple logic gates and has not fully achieved the implementation of simple arithmetic computation within an electricity‐free framework. Additionally, progress in environmentally adaptive computing, crucial for decentralized intelligence, has also been slow. New ground is broken with the development of a mechanical transistor that synergizes a Kirigami thermomechanical sensor and a bistable actuator, enabling in‐memory computing for combinational and sequential logic. The design stands out by employing modular construction, symmetry breaking, and nonlinear materials, crafting logic gates, and memory units that respond to environmental stimuli through thermal delay. These transistors integrate design and material intelligence to establish nonvolatile memories, essential for logic‐in‐memory, and align thermal transport with mechanical deformation for environmental responsiveness. The mechanical transistor heralds a new age in mechanical computing, proving to be as versatile and vital as the electronic transistor has been in the era of modern computing.
Hyperbranched Chain Hybridization for Artificial Aggregates: Prolonging Intracellular Retention for Image‐Guided Cellular Fate Modulation
Authors: Li Xiao‐Qiong , Jia Yi‐Lei , Wang Zhong‐Xia , Zhang Yu‐Wen , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning dynamic assemblies in living cells is crucial for creating organelle‐like structures, yet precisely controlling their morphological transitions in response to specific signals is a significant challenge. In this study, a DNA framework is combined with hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to achieve specific assembly of hyperbranched aggregates in cancer cells. HCR, distinguished for its signal amplification and linear extension capabilities, enables the morphological transition of precursors to be specifically triggered by trace amounts of endogenous microRNA‐21 (miR‐21). The spatial constraints of the framework and the diversity of hairpin orientations significantly accelerate the assembly kinetics of hyperbranched networks, and the resulting micrometer‐scale aggregates possess enhanced intracellular retention capabilities. Introducing Ce6 molecules as a proof of concept, the regulatory function of aggregates can be activated under light irradiation and remains effective over a long period. The probe we constructed demonstrates good stability and biocompatibility, offers easy functionalization, and works inside cells long‐term, making it an ideal candidate material for the construction of organelle‐like structures.
Sequential Dual Alignments Introduce Synergistic Effect on Hexagonal Boron Nitride Platelets for Superior Thermal Performance
Authors: Chen Yunxia , Gao Zhiming , Hoo Simon A. , Tipnis Varun , Wang Renjing , Mitevski Ivan , Hitchcock Dale , Simmons Kevin L. , Sun Ya‐Ping , Sarntinoranont Malisa , Huang Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlanarly aligning 2D platelets is challenging due to their additional orientational freedom compared to 1D materials. This study reports a sequential dual‐alignment approach, employing an extrusion‐printing‐induced shear force and rotating‐magnetic‐field‐induced force couple for platelet planarly alignment in a yield‐stress support bath. It is hypothesized that the partial alignment induced by a directional shear force facilitates subsequent axial rotation of the platelets for planar alignment under an external force couple, resulting in a synergistic alignment effect. This sequential dual‐alignment approach achieves better planar alignment of 2D modified hexagonal boron nitride (mhBN). Specifically, the thermal conductivity of the 40 wt% mhBN/epoxy composite is significantly higher (692%) than that of unaligned composites, surpassing the cumulative effect of individual methods (only 133%) with a 5 times more synergistic effect. For 30, 40, and 50 wt% mhBN composites, the thermal conductivity values (5.9, 9.5, and 13.8 W m−1 K−1) show considerable improvement compared to the previously reported highest values (5.3, 6.6, and 8.6 W m−1 K−1). Additionally, a 3D mhBN/epoxy heat sink is printed and evaluated to demonstrate the feasibility of device fabrication. The approach enables the planar alignment of electrically or thermally conducting 2D fillers during 3D fabrication.
All–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells: Defect Regulation and Emerging Applications in Extreme Environments
Authors: Shen Cong , Ye Tengling , Yang Peixia , Chen Guanying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as CsPbX3, have garnered considerable attention recently, as they exhibit superior thermodynamic and optoelectronic stabilities compared to the organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CsPbX3 PSCs is generally lower than that of organic–inorganic hybrid PSCs, as they contain higher defect densities at the interface and within the perovskite light‐absorbing layers, resulting in higher non‐radiative recombination and voltage loss. Consequently, defect regulation has been adopted as an important strategy to improve device performance and stability. This review aims to comprehensively summarize recent progresses on the defect regulation in CsPbX3 PSCs, as well as their cutting‐edge applications in extreme scenarios. The underlying fundamental mechanisms leading to the defect formation in the crystal structure of CsPbX3 PSCs are firstly discussed, and an overview of literature‐adopted defect regulation strategies in the context of interface, internal, and surface engineering is provided. Cutting‐edge applications of CsPbX3 PSCs in extreme environments such as outer space and underwater situations are highlighted. Finally, a summary and outlook are presented on future directions for achieving higher efficiencies and superior stability in CsPbX3 PSCs.
α‐TeO2 Oxide as Transparent p‐Type Semiconductor for Low Temperature Processed Thin Film Transistor Devices
Authors: Devabharathi Nehru , Yadav Sandeep , Dönges Inga , Trouillet Vanessa , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn comparison to reports on n‐type semiconducting oxides, p‐type oxide semiconducting materials are still rare. Scarcely reported p‐type oxide transistors demonstrated unsatisfactory environmental stability which still hinders their implementation for all oxide transistors and circuit applications. In this study, for the first time on α‐TeO2 as an active channel material with p‐type characteristics accessible by direct evaporation technique. Notably, the fabricated 5 nm α‐TeO2 thin film in connection with an equally thin passivation layer exhibits a remarkable low processing temperature of 50 °C generating a hole mobility of 3.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on‐state current of 966 µA, and an on/off ratio of 3.8 × 103. Additionally, the reproducibility of these devices confirmed a narrow variation in the TFT metrics, yielding an average hole mobility, on‐current, and on/off ratio of 3.59 cm2 V−1 s−1, 914 µA, and 3.3 × 103, respectively. Furthermore, the devices are subjected to extensive stability testing under ambient atmospheric conditions that exhibits a marginal mobility reduction while maintaining a stable on/off ratio over 125‐day period, highlighting their robust environmental stability. Notably, the low processing temperatures with both exceptional transistor performance and environmental endurance makes them suitable for the integration onto flexible substrates, particularly bendable/stretchable displays.
Enhanced Electromechanical Output in Liquid Crystal Elastomers Prepared by Thiol‐ene Photopolymerization
Authors: Fowler Hayden E. , Pearl Harrison M. , White Timothy J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electrically‐directed, isothermal response of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) to an applied electric field is a compelling approach to realize spatially tailorable, sequence‐controllable, and high‐frequency deformation. The electromechanical response is facilitated by coating aligned LCEs with compliant electrodes. Upon application of an electric field, the electrodes attract and generate Maxwell stress. The directional difference in moduli for aligned LCEs produces directional deformation of the material and does not require mechanical bias or framing. Here, LCEs prepared from a newly reported thiol‐ene reaction are explored as DEAs with improved mechanical and dielectric properties. This report details that incorporating a difunctional liquid crystalline monomer composed of allyl ether functional groups reduces Young's modulus, increases the dielectric constant, and improves cyclic recovery compared to an analogous LCE prepared by thiol‐ene polymerization. Electrically‐induced, isothermal deformation of as much as 30% strain is reported. The facile chemistry and enhanced electromechanical response reported here may enable the functional integration of LCEs in applications such as robotics.
High‐Adhesion, Weather Resistance, Reusable PAM/Gly/Gel/TA/Fe3+ Biopolymer Dual‐Network Conductive Hydrogel for Flexible Bioelectrode
Authors: Guo Xiujie , Qin Wenjing , Gu Changshun , Li Xinxin , Chen Mengyao , Zhai Hanlin , Zhao Xiangchuan , Liu Hengchao , Zhao Boxin , Zhang Yan , Wang Yanli , Yin Shougen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConductive hydrogel is considered a promising wearable sensor material. Developing flexible conductive hydrogel sensors with stretchability, adhesion, and stability remains challenging. In this study, a transparent, self‐adhesive, antifreeze, anti‐UV, stretchable, conductive, and reusable hydrogel with polyacrylamide/glycerol/gelatin/tannic acid/Fe3+ (PGGT‐Fe3+) structure is successfully constructed through a simple one‐pot polymerization method. The PGGT‐Fe3+ hydrogel is composed of dual networks of polyacrylamide and gelatin for organic cross‐linking, using water/glycerol as the dispersion medium, and incorporates a viscous substance: tannic acid, and a conductive substance: metal ions (Fe3+). Due to the introduction of the abundant amino, carboxylic acid, and hydroxyl functional groups on gelatin and tannic acid, the PGGT‐Fe3+ hydrogel exhibits excellent and repeatable adhesion capabilities on various surfaces (including glass, metal, plastic, and pigskin) with maximum adhesion strength of 98 kPa when attached to pigskin. Furthermore, based on the stable conductive network and high conductivity, the hydrogel not only exhibits strain sensitivity, fast response, and stability but also can stably collect epidermal bio signals. In conclusion, this work provides a new approach to the design and development of next‐generation multifunctional conductive hydrogels and opens up vast possibilities for their applications in the flexible electronics field.
High‐Throughput Fabrication of Large‐Scale Metaholograms via One‐step Printing
Authors: Park Chanwoong , Kim Wonjoong , Kim Yeseul , Sung Hansang , Park Jaein , Song Hyoin , Kim Joohoon , Oh Dong Kyo , Kang Hyunjung , Jeon Nara , Rho Junsuk , Lee Heon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces, which are designed by arranging meta‐atoms, have attracted attention for their ability to create optical properties that do not exist in nature. However, previous methods for fabricating metasurfaces using electron‐beam lithography (EBL) are expensive and have limited production capacity, inhibiting mass production. In this study, a new manufacturing method is demonstrated using an argon fluoride (ArF) scanner and nanoimprint lithography (NIL) to overcome these limitations. 266 millimeter‐scale metasurfaces are designed and fabricated on an 8‐inch wafer using an ArF scanner. Subsequently, this is used as a master stamp to replicate the metasurfaces in an 8‐inch wafer scale through the NIL process all at once. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, a metahologram is designed and manufactured using TiO2 nanoparticle‐embedded‐resin (nano‐PER). The metahologram achieves an 81.2% yield during replication, with a maximum efficiency of 60.7% at 450 nm, 45.1% at 532 nm, and 38.5% at 635 nm, respectively. The results demonstrate the production of practical metaholograms using low‐cost and high‐throughput processes.