bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro anthelmintic efficacy of Ferulic and Sinapic acid against zoonotic cestode Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819)
Authors: Saha Samiparna , Mondal Chandrani , Mandal Sudeshna , Ray Mou Singha , Lyndem Larisha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The present study is aimed to investigate potential in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of two phenolic compounds Ferulic acid and Sinapic acid against the parasite Hymenolepis diminuta. Adult parasites collected from infected rat’s intestine (maintained in our laboratory) were treated with 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL concentrations of both the compounds in RPMI-1640 media containing 1% Tween 20. Further, one group was treated in Praziquantel as a reference drug and another group of parasites were kept as control. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of motility and mortality of the parasites. The paralyzed worms were further processed for the morphological and ultrastructural studies and observed through light and scanning electron microscopy. A significant dose-dependent efficacy was found in all treatment and decrease in relative movability value was also recorded in all the concentrations of two compounds treated parasites. The time taken for paralysis in 5 mg/mL of Ferulic acid and 10 mg/mL of Sinapic acid were 1.47 ± 0.04 hours and 0.88 ± 0.03 hours respectively which is accorded with the standard concentration of Praziquantel. Morphological micrographs revealed pronounced distortion and altered topography of scolex and tegument while histological study showed loss of uniform tegumental integrity with folds and cracks in the treated parasites. Further, extensive alteration in the scolex and irrevocable disruption all over the body surface with loss of trapezoid shape, shrinkage of tegument and sloughing off microtriches were observed in electron microscopic study. The study indicated that both the compounds possess strong activity against H. diminuta and further studies are required to understand their detailed mode of action to exploit them as potential alternative candidates for curing helminthiases.
Unlocking the function promiscuity of old yellow enzyme to catalyze asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Lei , Wu Yaoyun , Hu Jun , Yin Dejing , Wei Wanqing , Wen Jian , Chen Xiulai , Gao Cong , Zhou Yiwen , Liu Jia , Hu Guipeng , Li Xiaomin , Wu Jing , Zhou Zhi , Liu Liming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Exploring the promiscuity inherent in native enzymes presents a promising strategy for expanding their synthetic applications, particularly for catalyzing challenging reactions in non-native contexts. While considerable strides have been made in harnessing native enzymes for C-C bonding, certain reactions, such as the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction (MBH reaction), remain elusive to these biocatalysts. In this study, we explored the promiscuous potential of old yellow enzymes (OYEs) to facilitate the MBH reaction, leveraging substrate similarities between MBH reaction and the native reduction reaction. Initially, we substantiated the promiscuous nature of GkOYE in both MBH and reduction reactions through thorough analysis employing mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques. Following that, we manipulated functional selectivity by obstructing H− and H+ transfer pathways. Mutant GkOYE.8 eliminated the native reduction function while enhancing the MBH adduct yield by 141.4%, surpassing the wild type. Further insights into the structural basis of GkOYE.8 catalyzed MBH reaction were obtained through mutation studies and kinetic simulations, identifying C26 and E59 as key residues in the active center. To enhance the catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity of GkOYE.8, we rationally designed mutants GkOYE.11 and GkOYE.13, which efficiently catalyzed the formation of MBH adducts, yielding (R)-3 (77.8% yield and 89:11 e.r.) and (S)-3 (63.1% yield and 23: 77 e.r.), respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the mutants GkOYE.11 and GkOYE.13 all showed catalytic activity against five p-substituent aldehydes and six-membered unsaturated alkenes. And the yield exhibited a gradual decrease as the electron-withdrawing strength of the p-substituents decreased. This study emphasizes the potential of leveraging substrate similarities across diverse reaction types to reveal new enzyme functionalities, enabling the catalysis of new-to-nature reactions.
Risk factors for transient ciliochoroidal detachment after goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade
Authors: Miyako Fumiya , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Onoe Hiromitsu , Tokumo Kana , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims: To investigate ciliochoroidal detachment (CCD) frequency and risk factors after performing goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB).
Methods: The presence of CCD was examined using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography at postoperative day (POD) 1, month 1, and month 2 in 91 eyes who underwent goniotomy with KDB. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at POD1, POD7, month 1 and month 2. A univariate generalized linear mixed model analysis was used to compare the age, gender, axial length, central corneal thickness, surgical procedure (combined or single), operators (K.H. or H.O.), glaucoma type and preoperative IOP between the groups. Multivariate factors were selected from the variants when there was a probability value of less than 0.05.
Results: CCD was detected in 18 eyes (19.7%) at POD 1. For postoperative IOP, no significant differences were observed between the CCD and non-CCD groups. However, the IOP on POD 1 in the CCD that was associated with the anterior chamber group (7.7 ± 3.0 mmHg) was significantly lower than that in the non-CCD group (15.3 ± 0.9 mmHg) (P = 0.02). Multivariate mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that the surgical procedure (combined) and operator (H.O.) were significantly associated with the higher incidence of CCD.
Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of all eyes exhibited CCD after goniotomy with KDB. Combining cataract surgery and goniotomy with KDB and the intraoperative procedure during the goniotomy with KDB were all found to be risk factors for developing CCD.
Retrospective Performance Analysis of a Shaking-Forecast Based Early-Warning Method for the 2023 Türkiye-Syria Mw 7.8 Earthquake
Authors: Zollo Aldo , Rea Raffaele , Colombelli Simona , Elia Luca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Recently developed earthquake early warning systems rely on the idea of combining the measured ground motion and the source parameter estimate to issue an alert based on the ground shaking prediction at sites where high potential damage is expected. Here we apply a P-wave, shaking-forecast method that can track and alert in real-time the area where peak ground motion is expected to exceed a user-set threshold during the earthquake. The system performance in providing a fast and reliable warning during the Mw 7.8, February 6 Turkey-Syria earthquake is investigated by the real-time simulated playback of the near-source hundred accelerograms. With an instrumental intensity threshold I_MM=IV an alert issued 10-20 seconds after the event origin, results in 95% of successful warning (positive and negative) and lead-times of 10-60 seconds within the potential damage zone. Setting a higher intensity threshold requires larger alert times (50-60 seconds) to achieve 90% of successful warning and overall shorter lead-times. Our simulation shows that the P-wave predicted, strong-shaking zone can be rapidly detected only 20 seconds after the mainshock nucleation. As the time increases, it well delineates the NE-SW bi-lateral rupture development as inferred by kinematic source models.
Comparison of WAIC and posterior predictive approaches for N-mixture models
Authors: Gaya Heather , Ketz Alison 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hierarchical models are common for ecological analysis, but determining appropriate model selection methods remains an ongoing challenge. To confront this challenge, a suitable method is needed to evaluate and compare available candidate models. We compared performance of conditional WAIC, a joint-likelihood approach to WAIC (WAICj), and posterior-predictive loss for selecting between candidate N-mixture models. We tested these model selection criteria on simulated single-season N-mixture models, simulated multi-season N-mixture models with temporal auto-correlation, and three case studies of single-season N-mixture models based on eBird data. WAICj proved more accurate than the standard conditional formulation or posterior-predictive loss, even when models were temporally correlated, suggesting WAICj is a robust alternative to model selection for N-mixture models.
rTMS improves dysphagia by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis in PD mice
Authors: Gong Weijun , Huang Peiling , Zhu Ziman , Li Wenshan , Zhang Rong , Chi Yijia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

High incidence, severe consequences, unclear mechanism and poor treatment effect are happened in Parkinson's disease-related dysphagia.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is an effective treatment for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease.However, the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease are still unknown.Neuroinflammation has been proven to be associated with dysphagia in Parkinson's disease, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis are common neuroinflammatory processes.Therefore, we compared swallowing quality, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis among NS control, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation control, sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation control and L-Dopa control mice by tongue muscle tone detection, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR.The results showed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis were involved in dysphagia in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice model. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and L-dopa inhibited the above two pathways to alleviate dopaminergic neuronal damage and improve the quality of dysphagia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1 Hz, 1 time/3 days, 6 weeks) had the same effect on dysphagia as L-dopa treatment (25mg/kg/day, 6 weeks).Finally, we conclude that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation will be the preferred option for the treatment of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease in certain conditions such as motor complications secondary to L-Dopa and L-Dopa non-response dysphagia.
Study on removal mechanism and surface quality in helical grinding 2.5D-Cf/SiC composites
Authors: Zhou Yunguang , Chen Han , Liu Ji , Gong Yadong , Ma Lianjie , Li Ming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites have excellent heat resistance and wear resistance, making them extensively utilized in the aviation and aerospace industries. However, processing carbon ceramics is challenging due to the inherent difficulty. Traditional hole-making methods often result in issues such as delamination and tearing during the processing of carbon ceramics. Helical grinding has emerged as a novel processing technology that shows promise for difficult materials like carbon ceramics. To address the lack of clarity regarding the removal mechanism and formation mechanism of material damage during helical grinding of carbon ceramic materials. Firstly, this study models the trajectory and maximum undeformed chip thickness for single abrasive. Subsequently, analyzes the influence of fiber anisotropy on the removal mechanism during helical grinding of carbon ceramics. The study also investigates the mechanisms behind exit damage occurring during carbon ceramic helical grinding processes. Finally, examines helical grinding technological parameters affect surface quality by analyzing their impact on undeformed chip thickness. The results indicate that matrix occurs brittle fracture during helical grinding. Four typical removal mechanism emerge for different fiber angles: debonding is predominant at 0°; fiber fracture occurs at 45°; fiber shear occurred at 90°; fiber pull out occurred at 135°. Hole exit damage is influenced by fiber direction with minimal damage observed when shear fracture occurs at angles 45° and 90° while burrs phenomenon and tear phenomenon are prevalent at angles 0°and 135° respectively. By increasing orbital rotation speed and spindle speed or decreasing feed pitch, surface quality improved. Grinding parameters significantly affect surface quality through changing undeformed chip thickness and surface residual height.
Human Brain Proteome-wide Association Study Provides Insights into the Genetic Components of Protein Abundance in Obesity
Authors: Pei Yu-Fang , Zhao Qi-Gang , Ma Xin-Ling , Xu Qian , Song ZiTong , Bu Fan , Li Kuan , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Backgrounds:Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with obesity. However, most obesity-associated loci were waiting to be translated into new biological insights. Given the critical role of brain in obesity development, we sought to explore whether obesity-associated genetic variants could be mapped to brain protein abundances.
Methods:We performed proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) and colocalization analyses to identify genes whose cis-regulated brain protein abundances were associated with obesity-related traits, including body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, body mass index, visceral adipose tissue, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. We then assessed the druggability of the identified genes and conducted pathway enrichment analysis to explore their functional relevance. Finally, we evaluated the effects of the significant PWAS genes at the brain transcriptional level.
Results:By integrating human brain proteomes from discovery (ROSMAP, N = 376) and validation datasets (BANNER, N = 198) with genome-wide summary statistics of obesity-related phenotypes (N ranged from 325 153 to 806 834), we identified 52 genes whose cis-regulated brain protein abundance was associated with obesity. These 52 genes were enriched in metabolic processes, e.g., small molecule metabolic process and metabolic pathways. Fourteen of the 52 genes had high drug repurposing value. Nine of the 52 genes were also associated with obesity at the transcriptome level, suggesting that genetic variants likely confer risk of obesity by regulating mRNA expression and protein abundance of these genes.
Conclusions:Our study provides new insights into the genetic component of human brain protein abundance in obesity. The identified proteins represent promising therapeutic targets for future drug development.
Genetic characteristics of a large pediatric cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity: single-center experience
Authors: Kuzmenko Natalia , Alexenko Maxim , Mukhina Anna , Rodina Yulia , Fadeeva Mariia , Pershin Dmitrii , Kieva Amina , Raykina Elena , Maschan Miсhael , Novichkova Galina , Shcherbina Anna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

More than 450 genetic defects result in inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Their individual prevalence in specific cohorts is influenced by national characteristics and other factors. We present results of genetic testing conducted in 1809 Russian children with IEI. Genetic defects confirming IEI were found in 1112 out of 1809 (61.5%) probands. These defects included variants in 118 single genes (87.9% of patients) and aberrations in 6 chromosomes (11.8%). Notably, three patients harbored pathogenic variants in more than one IEI gene. Large deletions constituted 5% of all defects. Out of the 799 original variants, 350 (44%) have not been described previously. Rare genetic defects (10 or fewer patients per gene) were identified in 20% of the patients. Among 967 probands with germline variants, defects were inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in 29%, X-linked in 34%, and autosomal recessive in 37%. Four females with non-random X-inactivation exhibited symptoms of X-linked diseases (BTK, WAS, CYBB, IKBKG gene defects). Despite a relatively low rate of consanguinity in Russia, about 50% of autosomal recessive gene defects were found in a homozygous state. Notably, 28% of these cases carried “Slavic" mutation of the NBN gene or known hot-spot mutations in other genes. The diversity of IEI genetic forms and the high frequency of newly described variants underscore the genetic heterogeneity within the Russian IEI group. The new variants identified in this extensive cohort will enriching genetic databases.
Grouting Technique - Combining Transvenous Onyx and Coils for the Embolization of Complex Non-cavernous Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Chen Ching-Chang , Chen Chun-Ting , Wu Yi-Ming , Yeap Mun-Chun , Chen Yao-Liang , Wong Ho-Fai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Incomplete occlusion of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) may lead to fistula recurrence and rebleeding, which may necessitate several embolizations and lead to worse clinical outcomes. Herein, we describe an grouting technique for endovascular embolization and its outcomes in a series of patients with complex intracranial DAVF.
Methods
A total of 20 consecutive patients with high-grade or symptomatic intracranial non-cavernous DAVF underwent endovascular transvenous embolization combining detachable coils and Onyx. Two microcatheters were positioned either in the distal segment of the involved sinus or near the draining veins. To achieve tight occlusion of the involved sinus, coils were carefully delivered through the first microcatheter, starting from the distal segment and then to the proximal segment. Next, Onyx was injected through the second microcatheter to fill the interspace of coil mass and gradually refluxed to the mural channels and para-sinus cortical veins until the fistula was completely occluded.
Results
Successful embolization was achieved in all 20 patients. The initial angiographic results revealed the achievement of complete occlusion in 19 patients (95%). At the postembolization follow-up, complete obliteration of the fistula was achieved in all patients (100%). No symptom or angiographic recurrence was observed at the 2- to 5-year follow-ups. No patient required additional embolization or stereotactic radiosurgery.
Conclusion
The proposed grouting technique combining detachable coils and Onyx appears to be promising for the elimination of complex intracranial non-cavernous DAVFs.
Colonization of beet by rhizosphere bacteria takes place in discreet phases regardless of bioinculation with wild sea beet root community
Authors: Gołębiewski Marcin , Sikora Marcin , Mazur Justyna , Szymańska Sonia , Tyburski Jarosław , Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna , Ulrich Werner 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Bioinoculation can increase crop yields under environmental stress. Inoculants consisting of microbial communities instead of single strains may be of broader use than the latter ones, as different plants might recruit specific organisms from a large pool. Inoculation influences rhizosphere and endophytic community structure modifying community assembly process, which is driven by selection due to the host and by microbe-microbe interactions. Plant colonization by microbes is an instance of succession, with its distinct phases differing in community structure and diversity. This process needs to be studied to determine the optimal timing for bioinoculation and studying its effects. We wanted to learn if, and if so, when stable bacterial communities form during axenic beet plants colonization by bacteria from soil, either inoculated with wild beet bacterial community or non-inoculated and if this process depends on beet genotype and soil.
Results: Here we show that regardless of bioinoculation, soil type and plant genotype bacteria colonize axenic beets rhizosphere and tissues in two phases differing in bacterial load, degree of nestedness, community structure, diversity as well as assembly mechanisms and aligned with taproot development. Both rhizosphere and endosphere communities remain stable after five weeks of growth in soil. Alpha-diversity was higher and bacterial load was lower in late samples than in early ones. Communities were more similar at the level of predicted functional potential than at the level of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Time, soil type and genotype determined community structure but not alpha-diversity, bacterial load, nestedness or assembly mechanisms both in rhizosphere and in endosphere. Inoculation slightly but significantly changed community structure both in rhizosphere as well as in roots and leaves. Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria) and Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) of low abundance coming from the inoculant were found to be recruited by beets.
Conclusions: Axenic beets colonization runs through phases similar to those in other instances of microbial succession and bacteria are recruited mostly randomly. Transition from the early to late phase involves drop of bacterial load in plant tissues, which may be linked to plant growth and bacterial cells division arrest. Therefore, early inoculation seems to be the right choice. Five weeks of growth in soil enable formation of stable bacterial communities both in rhizosphere and endosphere. Inoculation influence seems to be mostly indirect, probably due to microbe-microbe interactions.
Investigating the impact of anhedonia on academic performance: A case report
Authors: Najati Ghena , Al_Assaf Hiba , AL-Tomma Elaf , Darkal Raghad , Najati Ghena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
- This case report represents a case of anhedonia in a university student (Laila) (a sixth-year medical school student at Al-Sham Private University, currently 23 years old, born in 2000). - Laila suffered from a significant loss of interest and pleasure in various aspects of her life, which led to academic, emotional, and social difficulties. - This study explores the impact of anhedonia on Laila's academic performance using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, where symptoms of anhedonia were evaluated along with semi-regulated interviews conducted every two weeks, and to monitor her academic performance we relied on her GPA and class attendance rate. - The initial interview focused on the onset of anhedonia and its academic consequences, while the follow-up interview aimed to track progress and evaluate Laila's social relationships. Our results indicated a significant decrease in Laila’s ability to experience pleasure, accompanied by a noticeable decrease in her academic performance. Intervention procedures included counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) sessions, and behavioral activation techniques that were implemented by a specialized therapist, Dr. Ghina Najati. Laila's symptoms gradually improved, leading to positive changes in her engagement, thinking patterns, motivations, and overall well-being. - The results highlight the usefulness of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale in providing an accurate understanding of the impact of anhedonia and guiding interventions specifically designed to support affected students.