bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo effects of intra-articular injection of gelatin hydrogen microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor on experimentally induced defects in third metacarpal bones of horses
Authors: Sasaki Naoki , Minami Takuto , Yamada Kazutaka , Yamada Haruo , Inoue Yoshinobu , Kobayashi Mitsutoshi , Tabata Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of intra-articular injection of gelatin hydrogel microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on experimentally induced defects in third metacarpal bones (MC3s) of horses, in vivo.
Animals—6 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Horses were anesthetized, and a hole (diameter, 4.5 mm) was drilled into the medial condyle of both MC3s of each horse. One milliliter (100 μg) of a solution of gelatin hydrogel microspheres (2 mg) containing bFGF was injected into the joint capsule of the right metacarpophalangeal joint of each horse (bFGF joint). One milliliter of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was injected into the left metacarpophalangeal joint (control joint). Radiography was performed 1 day and 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery to evaluate bone defect refilling. Sixteen weeks after surgery, multidetector-row computed tomography (MDRCT) was performed to determine the degree of refilling at the bone defect site.
Results—Radiography revealed healing of bone defects at 4 to 12 weeks after surgery in bFGF joints and at 8 to 16 weeks after surgery in control joints. In addition, MDRCT revealed a higher degree of healing in bFGF versus control joints. Mean ± SD MDRCT score for bFGF joints (411.7 ± 135.6 Hounsfield units) was significantly higher than that for control joints (240.8 ± 133.1 Hounsfield units).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of horses with gelatin hydrogel microspheres that contained bFGF enhanced bone regeneration and healing of experimentally induced defects. This treatment strategy may be useful for treating horses with fractures.
Effects of simulated digests of Biota orientalis and a dietary nutraceutical on interleukin-1– induced inflammatory responses in cartilage explants
Authors: Pearson Wendy , Orth Michael W. , Karrow Niel A. , Lindinger Michael I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To test the hypothesis that simulated digests of Biota orientalis (BO) and a dietary nutraceutical (DN; composed of mussel, shark cartilage, abalone, and BO seed lipid extract) inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in interleukin (IL)-1–stimulated cartilage explants.
Sample Population—Cartilage tissue from 12 pigs.
Procedures—Articular cartilage explants were conditioned with a simulated digest of BO (BOsim) or DN (DNsim) at concentrations of 0, 0.06, or 0.18 mg/mL or indomethacin (INDOsim; 0 or 0.02 mg/mL) for 72 hours. Control explants received digest vehicle only. Explants were or were not stimulated with recombinant human-IL-1β (10 or 0 ng/mL) during the final 48 hours of culture. Concentrations of PGE2, GAG, and NO in media samples (mPGE2,mGAG, and mNO concentrations, respectively) were analyzed, and explant tissue was stained fluorochromatically to determine chondrocyte viability. Treatment effects during the final 48-hour culture period were analyzed.
Results—IL-1 increased mPGE2, mGAG, and mNO concentrations in control explants without adversely affecting cell viability. Treatment with INDOsim blocked PGE2 production and increased mNO concentration in IL-1–stimulated and unstimulated explants and increased mGAG concentration in unstimulated explants. Treatment with DNsim (0.06 and 0.18 mg/mL) reduced mPGE2 concentration in IL-1–stimulated and unstimulated explants, reduced mNO concentration in IL-1–stimulated explants, and increased mNO concentration in unstimulated explants. Treatment with 0.18 mg of DNsim/mL increased cell viability in the presence of IL-1. In IL-1–stimulated explants, BOsim (0.06 and 0.18 mg/mL) reduced mPGE2 concentration, but 0.18 mg of BOsim/mL increased cell viability.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Effects of IL-1 on cartilage explants in vitro were modulated by DNsim and BOsim.
Effect of coinfection with genogroup 1 porcine torque teno virus on porcine circovirus type 2–associated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in gnotobiotic pigs
Authors: Ellis John A. , Allan Gordon , Krakowka Steven 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether genogroup 1 porcine torque teno virus (g1-TTV) can potentiate clinical disease associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).
Sample population—33 gnotobiotic baby pigs.
Procedures—Pigs were allocated into 7 groups: group A, 5 uninoculated control pigs from 3 litters; group B, 4 pigs oronasally inoculated with PCV2 alone; group C, 4 pigs inoculated IP with first-passage g1-TTV alone; group D, 4 pigs inoculated IP with fourth-passage g1-TTV alone; group E, 6 pigs inoculated IP with first-passage g1-TTV and then oronasally inoculated with PCV2 7 days later; group F, 6 pigs inoculated IP with fourth-passage g1-TTV and then inoculated oronasally with PCV2 7 days later; and group G, 4 pigs inoculated oro-nasally with PCV2 and then inoculated IP with fourth-passage g1-TTV 7 days later.
Results—6 of 12 pigs inoculated with g1-TTV prior to PCV2 developed acute onset of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). None of the pigs inoculated with g1-TTV alone or PCV2 alone or that were challenge exposed to g1-TTV after establishment of infection with PCV2 developed clinical illness. Uninoculated control pigs remained healthy.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data implicated g1-TTV as another viral infection that facilitates PCV2-induced PMWS. This raises the possibility that torque teno viruses in swine may contribute to disease expression currently associated with only a single infectious agent.
Evaluation of the effects of porcine genogroup 1 torque teno virus in gnotobiotic swine
Authors: Krakowka Steven , Ellis John A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether porcine genogroup 1 torque teno virus (g1-TTV) can infect and cause disease in gnotobiotic swine.
Sample Population—20 conventional baby pigs and 46 gnotobiotic baby pigs.
Procedures—Porcine g1-TTV was transmitted from conventional swine to gnotobiotic pigs via pooled leukocyte-rich plasmas (n = 18) that had positive results for g1-TTV DNA. Bone marrow–liver homogenates that had positive results for torque teno virus (TTV) were used in 4 serial passages in gnotobiotic pigs (2 pigs/passage). A pathogenesis experiment was conducted with in vivo passages of g1-TTV in various groups of gnotobiotic pigs.
Results—All g1-TTV inoculated pigs had no clinical signs but developed interstitial pneumonia, transient thymic atrophy, membranous glomerulonephropathy, and modest lymphocytic to histiocytic infiltrates in the liver after inoculation with the TTV-containing tissue homogenate; these changes were not detected in uninoculated control pigs or pigs injected with tissue homogenate devoid of TTV DNAs. In situ hybridization was used to identify g1-TTV DNAs in bone marrow mononuclear cells.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of these data revealed that porcine g1-TTV was readily transmitted to TTV-naïve swine and that infection was associated with characteristic pathologic changes in gnotobiotic pigs inoculated with g1-TTV. Thus, g1-TTV could be an unrecognized pathogenic viral infectious agent of swine. This indicated a directly associated induction of lesions attributable to TTV infection in swine for a virus of the genus Anellovirus.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties of bisoprolol and carvedilol in healthy dogs
Authors: Beddies Gerald , Fox Philip R. , Papich Mark D. , Kanikanti Venkata-Rangaro , Krebber Ralph , Keene Bruce W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To compare the pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability following oral and IV administration of bisoprolol, a second-generation β1-adrenoceptor–selective blocking agent, with those of carvedilol, a third-generation β1/β2 and α1-adrenoceptor blocking agent, in dogs.
Animals—12 healthy adult Beagles.
Procedures—A prospective, parallel group study was performed. The dogs were allocated to 1 of 2 groups (6 dogs/group) and were administered orally a 1 mg/kg dose of either bisoprolol or carvedilol. Following a 1-week washout period, each cohort received a 1 mg/kg dose of the same drug IV. Blood samples were collected before and after drug administration, and serum concentrations, pharmacokinetic variables, and bioavailability for each agent were assessed.
Results—After oral administration of bisoprolol, the geometric mean value of the area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) was 2,195 μg/L (coefficient of variation [CV], 15%). After IV administration of bisoprolol, the dose-normalized geometric mean AUCinf was 2,402 μg/L (CV, 19%). Oral bioavailability of bisoprolol was 91.4%. After oral administration of carvedilol, the geometric mean AUCinf was 70 μg/L (CV, 81%). After IV administration of carvedilol, the geometric mean AUCinf was 491 μg/L (CV, 23%). Oral bioavailability of carvedilol was 14.3%. Total body clearance was low (0.42 L/h/kg) for bisoprolol and high (2.0 L/h/kg) for carvedilol.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After oral administration, carvedilol underwent extensive first-pass metabolism and had limited bioavailability; bisoprolol had less first-pass effect and higher bioavailability. Collectively, these differences suggested that, in dogs, bisoprolol has less interindividual pharmacokinetic variability, compared with carvedilol.
Economic evaluation of an oral rabies vaccination program for control of a domestic dog–coyote rabies epizootic: 1995–2006
Authors: Shwiff Stephanie A. , Kirkpatrick Katy N. , Sterner Ray T. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Objective—To conduct a benefit-cost analysis of the results of the domestic dog and coyote (DDC) oral rabies vaccine (ORV) program in Texas from 1995 through 2006 by use of fiscal records and relevant public health data.
Design—Retrospective benefit-cost analysis.
Procedures—Pertinent economic data were collected in 20 counties of south Texas affected by a DDC-variant rabies epizootic. The costs and benefits afforded by a DDC ORV program were then calculated. Costs were the total expenditures of the ORV program. Benefits were the savings associated with the number of potentially prevented human postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments and animal rabies tests for the DDC-variant rabies virus in the epizootic area and an area of potential disease expansion.
Results—Total estimated benefits of the program approximately ranged from $89 million to $346 million, with total program costs of $26,358,221 for the study period. The estimated savings (ie, damages avoided) from extrapolated numbers of PEP treatments and animal rabies tests yielded benefit-cost ratios that ranged from 3.38 to 13.12 for various frequen-cies of PEP and animal testing.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In Texas, the use of ORV stopped the northward spread and led to the progressive elimination of the DDC variant of rabies in coyotes (Canis latrans). The decision to implement an ORV program was cost-efficient, although many unknowns were involved in the original decision, and key economic variables were identified for consideration in future planning of ORV programs.
Assessment of arteriovenous malformations with 3-Tesla time-resolved, contrast-enhanced, three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Kunishima Kanako , Mori Harushi , Itoh Daisuke , Aoki Shigeki , Kabasawa Hiroyuki , Koga Tomoyuki , Maruyama Keisuke , Masumoto Tomohiko , Abe Osamu , Ohtomo Kuni 
Published: December 2008

Object
Although conventional catheter angiography is commonly used in the evaluation of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), less invasive tools are more suitable for screening or follow-up. Older MR angiography techniques cannot provide high enough temporal and spatial resolution for assessing AVMs. Threetesla time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS)—a time-resolved, contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography technique—achieves subsecond time resolution without sacrificing spatial resolution. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of TRICKS at 3 T in the evaluation of AVMs.

Methods
Between November 2006 and November 2007, 31 patients who were known to have AVMs underwent evaluation in a 3-T unit with the TRICKS technique. The TRICKS images were then evaluated independently by 2 radiologists for nidus detection, early venous filling detection, and Spetzler-Martin classification, and these results were compared with the results of catheter angiography.

Results
Time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics achieved 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity both in nidus detection and early venous filling detection. The Spetzler-Martin grades also showed excellent correlation with catheter angiography findings (κ= 0.89).

Conclusions
Although this is a preliminary study, the authors' results indicate that time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography at 3 T is a good tool to assess AVMs, and has the potential to replace catheter angiography in screening or follow-up examinations of patients with AVMs.
Hydrogels for Soft Machines
Authors: Calvert Paul 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHydrogels have applications in surgery and drug delivery, but are never considered alongside polymers and composites as materials for mechanical design. This is because synthetic hydrogels are in general very weak. In contrast, many biological gel composites, such as cartilage, are quite strong, and function as tough, shock‐absorbing structural solids. The recent development of strong hydrogels suggests that it may be possible to design new families of strong gels that would allow the design of soft biomimetic machines, which have not previously been possible.
Effects of glucose and nitrogen source concentration on batch fermentation kinetics of Lactococcus lactis under hemin‐stimulated respirative condition
Authors: Razvi Azher , Zhang Zisheng , Lan Christopher Q. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnalytical solutions to the ordinary differential equations governing the kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization, and product formation of batch fermentation processes were derived and used to study the kinetics of the hemin‐stimulated respiratory cultivation of Lactococcus lactis at varied initial glucose concentrations and nitrogen source concentrations. Studies revealed that initial glucose concentration varying in the range of 60 to 90 g/L had no significant substrate inhibitive effect. Furthermore, elevating the concentration of complex nitrogen sources while maintaining glucose concentration at 60% led to a high final biomass concentration of 6.6 g/L, substantially higher than that obtained with the basic medium, which was 4.1 g/L.
Peripheral Hexabromination, Hexaphenylation, and Hexaethynylation of meso‐Aryl‐Substituted Subporphyrins
Authors: Tsurumaki Eiji , Inokuma Yasuhide , Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam , Lim Jong Min , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEffective peripheral fabrication methods of meso‐aryl‐substituted subporphyrins were explored for the first time. Hexabrominated subporphyrins 2 were prepared quantitatively from the bromination of subporphyrins 1 with bromine. Hexaphenylated subporphyrins 3 and hexaethynylated subporphyrins 4 and 5 were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and Stille coupling, respectively, in good yields. X‐ray crystal structures of 2 b, 3 b, 4 b, and 5 a revealed preservation of the bowl‐shaped bent structures with bowl depths similar to that of 1. Hexaethynylated subporphyrins exhibit large two‐photon‐absorption cross‐sections due to effective delocalization of the conjugated network to the ethynyl substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel High Pressure Phases of β‐AlH3: A Density‐Functional Study.
Authors: Vajeeston P. , Ravindran P. , Fjellvaag H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Missing Rare‐Earth Oxide Halide Structure Now Observed for Scandium Oxide Iodide, ScOI.
Authors: Zimmermann Sina , Meyer Gerd 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Proton‐Conducting Alkali Thio‐Hydroxogermanates.
Authors: Karlsson Maths , Matic Aleksandar , Panas Itai , Bowron Daniel T. , Martin Steve W. , Nelson Carly R. , Martindale Chad A. , Hall Andreas , Boerjesson Lars 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Soluble Direct‐Band‐Gap Semiconductors LiAsS2 and NaAsS2: Large Electronic Structure Effects from Weak As×××S Interactions and Strong Nonlinear Optical Response.
Authors: Bera Tarun K. , Song Jung‐Hwan , Freeman Arthur J. , Jang Joon I. , Ketterson John B. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CaAg—SrAg—BaAg: Between CrB and FeB Structure Type.
Authors: Harms Wiebke , Burggraf Fabian , Daub Michael , Duerr Ines , Roehr Caroline 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Lattice Widening in Niobium‐Doped TiO2 Nanotubes: Efficient Ion Intercalation and Swift Electrochromic Contrast.
Authors: Ghicov Andrei , Yamamoto Masahiro , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Syntheses of 12SrO×7Al2O3 and Formation of High Density Oxygen Radical Anions, O‐ and O2‐.
Authors: Hayashi Katsuro , Ueda Naoto , Matsuishi Satoru , Hirano Masahiro , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of the First Salts of the ortho‐Selenidoindate Anion [InSe4]5‐.
Authors: Heine Johanna , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pr10(C2)2Br16: A New Structure with Discrete Octahedra Doubles.
Authors: Schaloske Manuel Christian , Mattausch Hansjuergen , Kienle Lorenz , Simon Arndt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Germanate Built from a 68126 Cavity Cotemplated by an (H2O)16 Cluster and 2‐Methylpiperazine.
Authors: Zou Xiaodong , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Growth of CaMn2O4 and CaMn3O6 in Molten CaCl2.
Authors: Fukabori Akihiro , Awaka Junji , Takahashi Yasuhiko , Kijima Norihito , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Akimoto Junji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis Towards Conceptually New Highly Modular Aminal—Pyrrolidine Organocatalysts.
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Bournaud Chloee , Alexakis Alexandre 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Pure 2‐Azido‐1‐arylethanols with Isolated Enzymes and Conversion to Triazole‐Containing β‐Blocker Analogues Employing Click Chemistry.
Authors: Ankati Haribabu , Yang Yan , Zhu Dunming , Biehl Edward R. , Hua Ling 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Methyl 4‐Hetaryl‐2,4‐dioxobutanoates with a Mixture of Aminoazole and Aromatic (Heteroaromatic) Aldehyde.
Authors: Gein V. L. , Tsyplyakova E. P. , Stashina G. A. , Bakulev V. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved and Facile Addition Reactions of Pentafluorosulfanyl Bromide.
Authors: Lim Dong Sung , Ngo Silvana C. , Lal Sankar G. , Minnich Kristen E. , Welch John T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.