bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative complications for complicated malignant tumours of the stomach
Authors: Ivanchov P. V. , Skyba V. V. , Vereshchako R. I. 
Published: March 2024

Objective — to determine the frequency and structure of postoperative complications for malignant tumours of the stomach accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding.
Materials and methods. The study analysed the treatment outcomes of 101 patients with a malignant tumour of the stomach complicated by bleeding (84 cases), perforation (6 cases), or stenosis (19 cases, with 8 of them having both stenosis and bleeding). These patients underwent inpatient treatment at the Kyiv City Centre for Gastrointestinal Bleeding and the Kyiv City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Help between 2015 and 2020. Out of the patients, 78 (77.2%) had histologically confirmed cancer, 11 (10.9%) had GIST, and 12 (11.9%) had malignant lymphoma.
Results. During the peak period of ongoing and recurrent bleeding, 5 (6%) patients required emergency surgery, including 2 (40%) radical and 3 (60%) non‑radical procedures. After proper preoperative preparation and a comprehensive follow‑up assessment, 58 (57.4%) patients underwent radical surgical interventions for stomach cancer complicated by acute gastrointestinal bleeding in the early delayed period. In the early postoperative period, 4 (15.4%) patients experienced complications after 26 radical gastrectomies combined with jejunogastroplasty. In the delayed period, early postoperative complications occurred in 9 (28.1%) patients after 32 radical gastric resections. The total postoperative mortality after emergency surgical interventions was 20.0%. The total postoperative mortality in the early‑term period was 5.7% (5 patients out of 88), which is 3.5% less compared to emergency operations (the difference is statistically significant, p ≤0.05).
Conclusions. When urgent surgical interventions are carried out at the peak of ongoing and recurrent bleeding, the mortality rate from postoperative complications is 3.5 times higher than when operations are performed in the early delayed period after adequate preparation and comprehensive patient monitoring. The death rate after radical operations is 2.1 times lower than that after palliative and symptomatic operations. As the operations conducted during the peak bleeding period are associated with high postoperative mortality, we believe that they pose a high risk to patients with malignant tumours of the stomach.
Comparative analysis of transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches in adrenalectomy
Authors: Grubnik V. V. , Parfentiev R. S. , Grubnyk V. V. , Grubnik Y. V. , Sliepov V. V. 
Published: March 2024

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has been recognised as the «gold standard» approach for benign adrenal tumours. The majority of surgeons opt for transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomies, while retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies in the prone position, which were pioneered by Waltz, offer certain advantages for patients.
Objective — to compare the effectiveness and complication rates of transabdominal and retroperitoneoscopic laparoscopic adrenalectomies.
Materials and methods. Between 2000 and 2021, our clinic performed 472 laparoscopic adrenalectomies. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 79 years, with a mean age of 50.5±10.2 years. The patient pool consisted of 315 women and 157 men. The primary indications for operation were as follows: incidentaloma (32.5%), pheochromocytoma (30.2%), aldosteronoma (19%), corticosteroma (10.3%), myelolipoma (3.0%), and metastatic cancer (5.0%). Tumour sizes ranged from 1 to 10 cm.
Results. A total of 316 patients underwent transabdominal adrenalectomies: 206 patients had right adrenalectomies and 110 patients had left adrenalectomies. A total of 156 patients underwent retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies. Seven patients required a conversion to a transabdominal approach, including three patients with tumours exceeding 6 cm in size and four patients with tumours ranging from 4 to 6 cm. The conversion rate amounted to 4.9%. The retroperitoneoscopic approach showed certain advantages for patients with small tumours, including shorter surgery duration, lower operative blood loss, diminished postoperative pain intensity, a lower incidence of shoulder‑tip pain, a faster transition to oral intake, and shorter hospital stays.
Conclusions. Both approaches were equally safe. In patients with small tumours, retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies outperformed the transabdominal approach in terms of shorter surgery duration, lower blood loss, lower postoperative pain, faster recovery, and favourable cosmetic results. In patients with large tumours, the transabdominal approach demonstrated better outcomes, with lower complication and conversion rates.
Perbedaan Pengunaan Kateter Intermitten dan Kateter Indweling Terhadap Terjadinya Infeksi Saluran Kemih
Authors: Prasetyo Dandy Alghifary , Supono Supono , Asjaswarni Tri 
Published: March 2024

Infeksi saluran kemih merupakan penyakit infeksi yang sering terjadi pada pelayanan kesehatan di seluruh dunia.Infeksi Saluran Kemih adalah suatu keadaaan beradanya mikroorganisme pada saluran kemih dengan terdapatnya koloni bakteri. Kejadian infeksi saluran kemih terjadi karena kateter memiliki gejala dan disebabkan oleh kateterisasi yang berkepanjangan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian literature review ini adalah untuk mengetahui penggunaan kateter jangka lama dan pendek dalam kejadian infeksi saluran kemih dari artikel yang dipilih. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan sumber pustaka yang digunakan yaitu artikel dari tahun 2011-2021 melalui proses pencarian di pubmed,science direct, dan scholar dengan hasil pencarian didapatkan 10artikel yang siap dianalisis menggunakan JBI Critica lAppraisal tools.Artikel diambil dari data base bereputasi maupun terakreditasi. Hasil tinjauan dari 10 artikel menunjukkan adanya kejadian infeksi saluran kemih terkait penggunaan kateter menetap (4artikel), dengan menggunakan kateter sementara dapat mengurangi kejadian infeksi saluran kemih (3artikel) dan yang berdasarkan usia serta menggunakan kateter menetap dan sementara mengalami ISK(3artikel). Berdasarkan hasil literature review dari 10 artikel didapatkan bahwa adanya perbedaan pengunaan kateter intermitten dan kateter indwelling terhadap terjadinya infeksi saluran kemih, dimana kejadian infeksi lebih beresiko jika menggunakan kateter indwelling yang digunakan dalam waktu lebih dari 3 hari penggunaannya.
Heat Treatment of IN 718 Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process—Effect of Thickness on the Microstructure Characteristics
Authors: Sadek Alber , Xu Ray , Mishra Rajiv S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique through which net shape/near-net components are built by selectively melting powder, one layer at a time, with a focused laser beam. The as-built microstructures have a great impact on the phase transformation and precipitation behavior during subsequent heat treatment. This study was directed to understand the effect of component thickness, in the case of complex shape components, on the microstructure, type of precipitates of L-PBF IN 718 in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Standard heat treatment cycles per ASTM F3055 and AMS 2774D were investigated. This work shows that microstructure, grain size, types of precipitates, and formed phases of components produced by L-PBF in the as-built condition and after heat treatment are profoundly different with different component thicknesses. In order to obtain the optimal microstructure and mechanical properties, specific heat treatments are necessary due to the complexity of the components produced.
Developing Aluminized Coatings on Stainless Steels by Hot Dipping
Authors: Farhadi Farzaneh , Soderhjelm Carl , Sisson Richard D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aluminide diffusion coatings enhance carburization and oxidation resistance of iron and nickel based alloys by formation of iron and nickel aluminides which extends the life of furnace alloys and fixtures. As a part of a large project in the Center for Heat Treating Excellence (CHTE), an aluminized coating on RA330 was studied by a hot dip process followed by diffusion heat treatment. Samples of RA330 steel were dipped in pure liquid aluminum at 700 °C for 10 minutes. After dipping, four samples were given an additional diffusion treatment. To predict the developed phases, computational analysis was used and the results were compared with the experimental data.
The Use of Low Pressure Carburizing and High Pressure Gas Quenching for In-Line Heat Treat Processing
Authors: Beauchesne Dennis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The evolution of Low Pressure Vacuum Carburizing in the automotive industry is well embedded in assembly plants with continuous batch loading. This batch loading, which causes a need for high cost WIP (work in progress), can now be reduced with the Low Pressure Vacuum Carburizing furnace equipment being sized to fit into single piece flow line with small batches. This presentation will look into the recent integration of heat treatment for in-line machining cells and the overall influences for the customer to provide equipment for heat treating in-line. These details will be compared to batch or continuous batch heat treatment as we know it today in the automotive industry. High Pressure gas quenching will be illustrated in both in-line and continuous batch integration.
Heat Treatment with a Turbulent Twist
Authors: Malas Akin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Furnace atmosphere circulation is at the heart of the heat treatment process. Without thorough circulation of gases, heat treatment processes cannot achieve consistent results in terms of parts surface quality and mechanical properties. The uniformity of the atmosphere plays a major role in maximizing performance of the heat treatment recipe. How well that is achieved translates directly into the quality of the actual process. Proper circulation helps the furnace heat the treatment atmosphere and promotes the thermochemical reactions that take place during the heat treat process. Convection, which is the main mechanism of stimulating atmosphere reactions to achieve surface properties as well as the combination of convection and radiation for heat transfer, are both determined by the efficiency of atmosphere circulation. The paper will discuss traditional atmosphere circulation, and compare this to new gas-mixing technology from Linde, highlighting data from recent installations and actual operating experience.
FNC and Post-Oxidation—Comparisons of Corrosion Resistance Performance
Authors: Oakes Jim , Thomas Chuck 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ferritic-nitrocaburizing is becoming a more popular process to improve a part’s mechanical properties and corrosion resistance on plain carbon and low alloy constructional steels. Advertised as a major contribution to enhanced corrosion resistance, post-oxidation of ferritic-nitrocarburized steel is used to prevent/delay corrosion in service. There are different methods of oxidizing the steel after this heat treatment process. Different trademarked processes claim to provide more corrosion resistance than other similar processes. This paper focuses on the post-oxidation process specifically and compares several of the most common oxygen-containing media used for post-oxidation to determine if corrosion resistance is a function of the oxygen-bearing media or a function of the oxygen percentage during the process. In addition to comparing oxidized samples, rust preventative oil (RPO) is compared as most commercial Ferritic-nitrocarburizing with Post-Oxidation processes involve the application of an RPO after the process as well. Salt-spray testing determined that none of the oxygen-bearing media are significantly better than another when all other variables are held relatively constant. It also shows that parts coated with RPO perform significantly better in salt-spray testing than the same “dry” parts without any additional protective coatings. The salt-spray results also indicated that there is no significant difference in corrosion resistance between parts with and without the post-oxidation process.
Automotive Designers and Heat Treaters Have Choices—Pros and Cons of Competing Hardening Processes and Materials
Authors: Tittus Wallace , Neumann Michal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper will present the advantages and disadvantages of quenching media options like HPGQ (high pressure gas quenching), Oil and Press Quenching, Austempering (salt) for steel, ADI (austempered ductile iron) and aluminum to achieve certain targets relating to automotive component heat treating. Each heat treating/quenching process provides unique solutions for automobile designers and plant engineers. However, there likely is no single process or material that provides all of the answers that one would desire. Therefore, what process or combination of processes will satisfy the overall need? Detail will be discussed that outlines how OEM’s and heat treaters can and do take advantage of a particular hardening process.
Inductors and Coils New Production Solutions using Additive Manufacturing such as EBM 3D Printing and Precision Casting—A Presentation of the Current State-of-the-Art Technologies
Authors: Marquis Fabien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In induction heating process, coils and inductors are the core of the heating process. They are the end tool where the magnetic process affecting the part or material to be heated occurs. For more than a century, the dominant manufacturing process has been based, mainly, upon joining technologies where the coppersmith skill has been the safeguard of the quality. Use of fixtures, mandrels, and machined parts have improved the repeatability and quality of the produced elements but high volume, dimensional repeatability has always been source of problems. GH Induction continuously works on the improvement of such relatively artisanal methods to allow better lifetime, minimized production time and overall better quality. Following a first development work bringing a patented innovation in 2011 using a precision casting solution (Microfusion – Wax casting), with a solution provided a single piece coil, GH Induction has, after 2 years of development, patented a new additive manufacturing solution (3D printing concept) based on the use of Electron Beam Melting (EBM). The EBM solution benefits from the latest technology in additive manufacturing, both technologies present tremendous advantages for the designer and user. Complex shape, very small inductors can be manufactured, which are impossible to do with standard method. This presentation and article summarized the concept, manufacturing principle and technical benefits that the final users can have using such innovative solutions.
Induction Hardening for Large Bearing Rings—Case Study and Process Optimization
Authors: Munteanu Daniel , Bedo Tibor , Cristea Daniel , Gabor Camelia , Alin Pop Mihai , Milosan Ioan , Ioan Munteanu Sorin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Induction quenching can be used for hardening the outer surface of large bearing rings, achieving superior mechanical properties, with the advantage that heating the part in its entirety is not required. The desired goal is to obtain a hardened layer on the active surface of the bearing ring, uniform in both section and circumference, having a predetermined thickness. The case study showed that, after the induction hardening process, on a limited number of specimens, the following problems could be observed: uneven depth of the hardened layer in different zones along the ring circumference, uneven depth of the hardened layer reported in the ring section, and cracks in the bearing material. Therefore, the main objective of the optimization process is to pinpoint the specific parameters involved in the bearing rings quenching operation and their influence on the surface hardening depth. It was noticed that the position and number of insulating/concentrator plates in the inductor stack influences the surface hardening depth on the rolling path.
The Effects of Heating Rates on the Tempering of 4140 Steel
Authors: Cai Xiaoqing , Sisson Richard , Frame Lesley D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Martensitic steels must be tempered to increase their toughness and ductility. The tempering process requires heating from room temperature to the desired tempering temperature. In this paper, the effects of heating rates on carbide precipitate size distribution, chemistry, and precipitate density will be discussed. As-quenched martensite in AISI 4140 steel was heated to selected tempering temperatures in air furnaces as well as by induction. The heating rates for tempering vary from 30 seconds to 20 minutes. The experimental results are presented, and carbides were characterized using an extraction technique.
Achieving Uniformity through Burner Spacing, Arrangement and Emerging Combustion Technology
Authors: Cochran Michael , Brown Scott 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Achieving appropriate temperature uniformity in a heat treat application with direct fired burners requires paying particular attention to burner type, spacing and arrangement. Selection of the appropriate burner technology is crucial for achieving required uniformity. This paper explains the importance of proper burner placement (spacing and arrangement) and will describe advancements in burner technologies that provide important options to achieve required temperature uniformity. The paper concludes with several short case studies explaining the application of spacing, arrangement and technology to achieve the proper temperature uniformity in the furnace. These case studies are relevant to thermal processing of titanium, steel, and aluminum components.
Comparison of Various Methods for Specifying and Determining the Case Depth of Nitrided Components
Authors: Birky Zachary , Rowan Olga 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The use of nitriding to improve a component’s resistance to wear, fatigue, and corrosion continues to increase across the industry. However, for nitrided components, no universally accepted definition of “case depth” is available to allow the comparison of different nitriding processes, cycles, and materials. This study documents currently published methods of specifying and determining case depth for nitrided components, and evaluates the reported case depth of multiple materials and cycles in an effort to determine an optimal and robust “universal” method of reporting case depth. After completing this exercise, it appears that the optimal “universal” method of specifying and reporting the case depth for a nitrided component is to report the depth at which a Vickers microhardness traverse crosses a threshold which is 50HV greater than the material hardness below the nitrided case.
The Effect of Contamination on Cooling Curve Behavior of Polymer Quenchants
Authors: MacKenzie D. Scott 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In induction hardening, contamination is a common occurrence. Many parts are processed per hour, with each part carrying a small amount of contaminant. The contaminant could be cleaners, coolants, or machine swarf. Contamination is compounded by the fact that many induction systems have a very small quench tank – often 100-200 gallons. The common question is, at what point does contamination affect the cooling curve or heat extraction behavior of the quenchant? The purpose of this paper is to examine common contaminants and their effects on cooling curve behavior.
Comparative Study of the Effect of Section Thickness of Steel during Quenching in Neem and Mineral Oil
Authors: Vignesh Nayak U. , Narayan Prabhu K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The cooling behavior of neem and mineral oil was obtained using instrumented ISO 9950 Inconel probe. Flash, fire points and the viscosity of quenching media were measured. These oils were used to quench harden AISI 1045 and AISI 1090 grade steel probes of section diameters 25 and 50 mm. (The top and bottom faces of steel probes were coated with insulating paste to minimize end effects of heat transfer during quenching.) The measured temperature data in steel probes were used to estimate spatiotemporal heat flux by solving inverse heat conduction problem at the interface of the probe/quenching medium. The estimated heat flux transients, microstructure, and hardness measurements were found to be similar for both oils indicating the potential application of neem oil as quenchant for heat treatment of steels.
Dense MoB/CoCr Coatings to Apply to Pot-Roll of Galvanizing Lines in Steel Industries
Authors: Kitamura J. , Tosaki T. , Mizuno H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, MoB-CoCr composite coatings are deposited on low-carbon steel substrates by HVOF spraying and salt spray tests are conducted to qualitatively evaluate coating density. Test samples with optimized dense coatings showed no rust after 300 hours in a salt spray. Samples with porous coatings, on the other hand, showed signs of rust after just 24-48 hours. Test samples protected by the dense composite coatings, as confirmed by salt spray testing, were undamaged after 90 days of immersion in a Zn-0.2%Al galvanizing bath at 460 °C.
The Definition of Power in Plasma Spraying: Kilowatts or Powder Melting Capacity?
Authors: Colmenares-Angulo J. , Sabouni O. , Ibanez C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study provides an objective comparison of the spraying performance of cascaded and traditional single-electrode plasma guns. Coatings with equivalent porosities were obtained using identical spray distances with similar measured particle states. The results show that cascaded plasma guns operate at higher feed rates, consume less energy and gas, and deposit coatings at lower cost per weight. They also improve arc stability and reduce variations in particle temperature.
Comparison of the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of WC-25Co Coatings Obtained by High-Velocity Oxyfuel and Cold Gas Spraying onto Al7075-T6
Authors: Couto M. , Dosta S. , Fernández J. , Guilemany J.M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
WC-Co cermet powders were deposited on aluminum substrates by cold gas spraying. XRD tests were run on the powder and coatings to reveal possible phase changes during spraying. Bonding strength, abrasive wear resistance, and corrosion resistance were also measured and are compared with values obtained from HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings.
Near-Net Shape Fins for Compact Heat Exchanger Produced by Cold Spray
Authors: Cormier Y. , Dupuis P. , Jodoin B. , Corbeil A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work studies the manufacturability of pyramidal fin arrays produced using cold gas dynamic spraying. Near-net shape pyramidal fins of various sizes were formed and tested. The fin arrays were characterized and their heat transfer properties were assessed. Results obtained correlate well with data published for banks of tubes at a similar dimensionless pitch, and show that fins produced by cold spraying outperform traditional straight-cut fins at the same fin density.
Shockwave Induced Spraying Process: Effect of Parameters on Coating Performance
Authors: Karimi M. , Rankin G.W. , Jodoin B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A model of the shock-wave induced spray process (SISP) and the criteria for bonding are used to predict whether particles traveling within the unsteady flow regime will adhere to the substrate upon impact. The results are then used to predict if a coating can be formed under specific spraying conditions. Having been validated based on particle velocity measurements, the model is used to investigate the effect of varying spray parameters, such as powder and gas initial temperature, gas heater length, and spray frequency.