bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photosensitization of cattle in southeast Texas: Identification of phototoxic activity associated with Cooperia pedunculata
Authors: Rowe Loyd D. , Norman James O. , Corrier Donald E. , Casteel Stan W. , Rector Barron S. , Bailey E. Muri , Schuster Joseph L. , Reagor John C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A microbiological assay (Candida albicans) was used to screen plants in southeast Texas where bovine photosensitization (ps) of unknown cause was a recurring problem. Phototoxic activity was identified associated with dead leaf tips of Cooperia pedunculata, a native, perennial forb of the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) from central, southeast, and south Texas and parts of Mexico. A syndrome compatible with naturally occurring ps in cattle was induced in laboratory mice after oral administration of dead leaf material from Cpedunculata. Availablility and phototoxic activity of dead leaf material of C pedunculata corresponded with occurrence of ps in cattle. Seemingly, C pedunculata was involved in recurring ps.
M-mode echocardiographs of endurance horses in the recovery phase of long-distance competition
Authors: Bertone Joseph J. , Paull Kimberly S. , Wingfield Wayne E. , Boon June A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
M-mode echocardiographic structures, and cardiac function indices, pcv, and total plasma protein values were determined for 34 endurance equine athletes before (base line) and after (after race) a 161-km endurance competition and were compared. The pcv (base-line mean, 37%; after-race mean, 46%) and total plasma protein value (base-line mean, 6.9 g/dl; after-race mean, 7.5 g/dl) increased. Compared with base-line echocardiography, after-race echocardiography indicated an increase in heart rate, as determined from the simultaneous ecg recorded on the echocardiograph (base-line mean, 41 beats/min; after-race mean, 54 beats/min), and an increase in interventricular septal diastolic thickness (base-line mean, 28 mm; after-race mean, 33 mm). The septal thickening fraction (base-line mean, 59%; after-race mean, 38%), the left atrioventricular valve E to F slope (base-line mean, 224 mm/s; after-race mean, 175 mm/s), the left ventricular diastolic dimension (base-line mean, 99 mm; after-race mean, 86 mm), the fractional shortening of the left ventricle (base-line mean, 41%; after-race mean, 37%), the aortic root dimension (base-line mean, 63 mm; after-race mean, 58 mm), the caudal aortic wall excursion (base-line mean, 19 mm; after-race mean, 11 mm) and the left atrial diastolic dimension (base-line mean, 46 mm; after-race mean, 39 mm), decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In base-line echocardiographs, late diastolic left atrioventricular valve motion was evident in 9 horses. The aberrant left atrioventricular valve motion was not evident in after-race echocardiographs. Seemingly, central vascular volume decreased in these horses during the recovery phase of severe strenuous endurance competition.
Biochemical and genetic characterization of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Songer J. Glenn , Beckenbach Karen , Marshall Marilyn M. , Olson George B. , Kelley Lee 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Isolates (n = 94) of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis were obtained from sheep, goats, horses, and cattle from various parts of the world. The isolates were characterized biochemically and by restriction endonuclease analysis of dna. We found near homogeneity in the ability of isolates to ferment carbohydrates and to produce urease. All isolates produced phospholipase D and catalase. The ability of isolates from horses to reduce nitrate, the inability of isolates from sheep and goats to do so, and the correlation of this characteristic with results of restriction endonuclease analyses confirmed the existence of 2 biovars of C pseudotuberculosis. We propose that these biovars be referred to as biovar equi for isolates that reduce nitrate and biovar ovis for isolates that fail to do so.
Quantitative buffy coat analysis for hematologic measurements of canine, feline, and equine blood samples and for detection of microfilaremia in dogs
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A quantitative buffy coat (qbc) analysis was evaluated for 175 canine, 125 feline, and 125 equine blood samples. The method used centrifuged whole blood and yielded rapid results expressed as respective band lengths for rbc, granulocytes, nongranulocytes, and platelets. Simple regression analysis of band lengths and reference laboratory methods yielded correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.72 to 0.99. The pcv, granulocyte count, and total wbc count, as determined by the 2 methods, correlated well (r ≥ 0.93 in all cases). Platelet and nongranulocyte counts were less well correlated. The qbc system provided a means of performing rapid hematologic screening. The principal problem encountered was poor separation of the rbc-granulocyte interface in 17% of canine samples, which interfered with measurement of band lengths. Evaluation of the qbc tube for detection of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaremia revealed 100% sensitivity to counts as low as 160 microfilariae/ml of whole blood.
Effect of reduced growth rate on the prevalence and severity of osteochondrosis in gilts
Authors: Carlson C. S. , Hilley H. D. , Meuten D. J. , Hagan J. M. , Moser R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ninety-six recently weaned gilts were assigned to 3 groups. Group-1 gilts were fed a corn-soybean meal diet ad libitum and were killed when they weighed 110 kg. Gilts in groups 2 and 3 were fed 70% of the feed consumed by group-1 gilts. Group-2 gilts were killed when they weighed 110 kg, and group-3 gilts were killed at the same age as group-1 gilts.
At slaughter, the right pelvic and thoracic limbs from all gilts were removed, and the distal end of each femur and humerus was sectioned serially at 5-mm intervals. Articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes from these sites were examined grossly, radiographically, and histologically. Effects of treatment (ad libitum vs limited energy intake) and average daily gain on the prevalence and severity of lesions were analyzed statistically, using χ2 analysis, a categoric-modeling technique, analysis of variance, and correlation coefficients.
Of humeri and femora, 49 and 70%, respectively, had lesions of osteochondrosis, and 86% of the gilts had a lesion at one or both sites. Group-2 gilts (killed at 110 kg, but approx 70 days older than group-1 gilts) had significantly lower prevalence (P = 0.009) and severity (P = 0.002) of osteochondrosis of the distal end of the femur than did gilts in groups 1 and 3. When each group was evaluated individually, gilts that had a higher average daily gain had an increased prevalence and severity of lesions.
Function of phagocytes obtained from lacteal secretions of lactating and nonlactating cows
Authors: Fox Lawrence K. , McDonald John S. , Hillers Joe K. , Corbeil Lynette B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Phagocytes, macrophages and neutrophils, were obtained from lacteal secretions of lactating (n = 13) and nonlactating cows (n = 14). Secretions from nonlactating cows were collected at 7 and 14 days after cessation of lactation. Phagocytes were incubated in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and function was assessed by fluorescent microscopy of cell suspensions stained with acridine orange and crystal violet. A greater percentage of macrophages from nonlactating cow secretions collected on day 14 phagocytized bacteria than did those collected on day 7. A greater percentage of macrophages from nonlactating cow secretions collected on days 7 and 14 phagocytized bacteria than did neutrophils obtained from the same secretions. A similar percentage of phagocytes from nonlactating cow secretions phagocytized bacteria, compared with phagocytes from lactating cow secretions. Results indicated that the intramammary macrophage may be most important in defense of the mammary gland during the early nonlactating period, because it was more phagocytic than the neutrophil and was more active at 14 days than at 7 days into the nonlactating period.
Covalently protein-bound bilirubin conjugates in cholestatic disease of dogs
Authors: Rothuizen Jan , Ingh Ted van den 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We investigated the occurrence of covalently protein-bound bilirubins in the plasma of dogs with hyperbilirubinemia attributable to hepatobiliary diseases or Coombs test-positive hemolysis. The bilirubins in plasma were measured with the conventional Van den Bergh reaction, by treatment with diazotized p-iodoaniline, and by high-performance liquid chromatography of bilirubin and its methylesters after alkaline methanolysis.
All but one dog had covalently protein-bound bilirubin conjugates. The concentration and the fraction of total bilirubins varied in all diseases investigated, but they tended to be low in primary hemolysis. The “biliprotein” complex accounted for 2 to 94% of total plasma bilirubins. Because biliprotein usually is not cleared by the liver, but has a half-life comparable with that of albumin, it prevents the evaluation of the actual state of the underlying disease. Measurement of the total bilirubin concentration exclusively with the Van den Bergh reaction, therefore, is clinically useless. Other methods should be introduced for routine bilirubin assays, permitting the measurement of noncovalently bound pigment as a meaningful estimate of the course of the disease.
Effect of an interfering substance on determination of potassium by ion-specific potentiometry in animal urine
Authors: Brooks Charles L. , Garry Franklyn , Swartout Margaret S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Analytical characteristics of photometry and ion-specific potentiometry for urine from sheep, horses, cows, dogs, and cats were determined, using solutions of sodium and potassium chloride. The performance of both methods were acceptable, but the ion-specific potentiometer (in the mode for urine analysis) was superior in terms of linearity of response and correlation between actual vs measured concentrations. Coefficients of variation of either method for repeated analyses of various concentrations of sodium and potassium were always < 2.5%.
The measurement of sodium concentration in urine samples correlated well between both methods for samples from sheep, horses, cows, dogs, and cats. In contrast, measurement of potassium concentrations in urine samples from sheep, horses, cows, and cats was underestimated consistently by ion-specific potentiometry. The magnitude of the apparent error was variable between species and was often increased with greater urine potassium concentrations. These phenomena were not seen in urine samples from dogs. Sequential dilution of urine samples from sheep before analysis reduced the magnitude of the error observed by ion-specific potentiometry. Seemingly, an equilibrium process existed in which potassium was bound by an anionic or zwitterionic chemical and was sequestered from interaction with the ion-specific electrode. Ultrafiltration experiments indicated the putative potassium chelator was a low molecular weight compound.
Effect of stocking rate, grazing system, and fenbendazole treatment on subclinical parasitism in dairy heifers
Authors: Kunkel J. R. , Murphy William M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Average daily weight and fecal parasitic egg count were compared among sixty 7- to 15-month-old Holstein heifers randomly assigned to 8 groups. The following variables were examined: grazing system (continuous vs rotational), stocking rate (3.5 vs 5 heifers/ha), and treatment [control vs dosing with a 10% suspension of fenbendazole (5 mg/kg of body weight) given orally 21 and 49 days after heifers were placed on pasture]. Two heifers from each group were euthanatized 4 weeks after the completion of the 148-day trial to determine the number of parasitic larvae and adults in the abomasum and intestine.
Heifers treated with fenbendazole had significantly (P < 0.001) fewer fecal ova and fewer inhibited abomasal larvae (P < 0.05) than did controls. Mean total weight gain and mean daily rate of gain of fenbendazole-dosed heifers were significantly (P < 0.01) increased by 17.3 kg or 0.12 kg/day, respectively, compared with those of nontreated heifers. Seemingly, stocking rate and grazing systems had no marked effect on subclinical parasitism in heifers.
Anatomic and radiologic observations of the clavicle of adult dogs
Authors: McCarthy P. H. , Wood A. K. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In an anatomic and radiologic study of the clavicle of 50 adult dogs of 10 breeds, the clavicle had ossified in 96% of the dogs. The clavicles studied had various shapes, and each clavicle was attached to the caudomedial part of the clavicular intersection of the brachiocephalic muscle, to the mastoid part of the cleidocephalic muscle, and to 4 radiating bands of connective tissue fasciculi. One band was attached to the caudal border of the scapula and fascia deep to the latissimus dorsi muscle, 1 was attached to the manubrium of the sternum, and 1 each was attached to the epimysia of the superficial pectoral and sternocephalic muscles. We concluded that, during movements of the thoracic limb, the clavicle and the 4 fasciculated connective tissue bands associated with it stabilize the position of the brachiocephalic muscle with relation to the crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Also, the fasciculated band attached to the caudal border of the scapula provides protection for nerves from the brachial plexus and axillary blood vessels that supply the thoracic limb.
Preliminary studies of the development of Anaplasma marginale in salivary glands of adult, feeding Dermacentor andersoni ticks
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Wickwire Kathie B. , Ewing S. A. , Hair Jakie A. , Barron Selwyn J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
On each day of feeding on susceptible calves, salivary glands obtained from groups of adult ticks that transmitted Anaplasma marginale were examined for A marginale colonies by use of light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. On day 8 of feeding, salivary glands were examined, using fluorescein-labeled antibody and methyl green-pyronine stain. Use of fluorescein-labeled antibody consistently revealed small numbers of fluorescent foci in salivary gland acinar cells obtained from ticks that had fed for 8 days. Colonies of A marginale were seen by transmission electron microscopy only in salivary gland acini of male ticks; these colonies could not be identified, using light microscopy, in companion 1-μm plastic sections stained with Mallory stain. Methyl green-pyronine stain, used commonly to detect theilerial parasites in tick salivary glands, did not differentiate A marginale from cytoplasmic inclusions normally found in salivary gland acinar cells.
Plasma fibronectin concentration associated with various types of canine neoplasia
Authors: Feldman Bernard F. , Brummerstedt Erik , Larsen Liselotte Stein , Larsen Steen 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fibronectin, a large glycoprotein found in soluble form in plasma and in insoluble form in connective tissue matrices, has been implicated in cell-to-cell and cell-to-substratum interactions, inflammation and tissue repair, phagocytosis, hemostasis, and oncogenic cell transformation. Because fibronectin concentration is diminished or lacking on cell surfaces of many transformed cell lines and because decreased concentration of plasma fibronectin is associated with suboptimal mononuclear phagocyte system function and host defense, plasma fibronectin concentration was evaluated in 119 dogs with various forms of neoplasia. Included were 43 dogs with neoplasia of the skin and soft tissue, 18 with gastrointestinal tract neoplasia, 29 with mammary gland neoplasia, and 29 with various other types of neoplasia. Of the dogs studied, 44 (37%) had evidence of metastatic disease. This group had fibronectin concentration that differed significantly (P < 0.01) from the plasma fibronectin concentration reference interval. Within this group, 9 dogs (20% of this group) had plasma fibronectin values within the reference interval, 33 (75%) had significantly (P < 0.01) lower values than the reference interval, and 2 (5%) had significantly (P < 0.01) higher values than the reference interval. These data suggested that fibronectin concentration determination, when results are abnormal, may be of diagnostic and prognostic interest.
Effect of equine ehrlichial colitis on the hemostatic system in ponies
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Messick Joann , Whitlock Robert H. , Palmer Jon , Ward Michael V. , Feldman Bernard F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hemostatic function was determined in 10 ponies at various times after inoculation with Ehrlichia risticii to determine whether equine ehrlichial colitis (eec) caused changes in the hemostatic system and to determine the prognostic value of hemostatic function tests during eec. Mean platelet count; plasma fibrinogen, fibronectin, factor VIII:coagulant, α2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen values; and serum concentrations of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products changed significantly (P < 0.05) from base line (day 0, before inoculation) during 18 days after inoculation with E risticii. Four ponies that died or were euthanatized because of severe clinical signs of eec had significantly (P < 0.05) greater mean plasma fibrinogen concentrations plasma factor VIII:coagulant values, and activated partial thromboplastin times immediately before death than did the 6 surviving ponies. Factor V concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on postinoculation days 10 and 20 in nonsurvivors. Seemingly, changes in hemostasis took place during eec. Ponies that did not survive eec had greater laboratory evidence of coagulopathy.
Postweaning diarrhea in swine: Experimental model of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection
Authors: Sarmiento Juan I. , Casey Thomas A. , Moon Harley W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A reproducible model of postweaning colibacillosis was obtained by controlling management and environmental variables to simulate conditions often seen at weaning. Suckling pigs were exposed briefly to starter diet at 1 week of age, weaned at 3 weeks of age, held at an ambient temperature of 20 ± 2 C, and again given the starter diet. One day after weaning, each pig was given 1010 colony-forming units of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain M1823B (0157:K88ac:H43-LT+ STb+) in broth containing 1.2% sodium bicarbonate via stomach tube. In vitro adhesion by strain M1823B to isolated intestinal branch borders was used to test pigs for susceptibility to K88. In this model, 3 syndromes were induced in susceptible pigs: (1) peracute fatal diarrhea; (2) moderate diarrhea, weight loss, and fecal shedding of the inoculum strain; and (3) no diarrhea, weight loss, and fecal shedding of the inoculum strain. Rotavirus particles were not found in fecal specimens of pigs with diarrhea. The K88-susceptible, noninoculated control pigs remained clinically normal. It was concluded that susceptibility to adhesion by K88+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was a requirement for the production of disease in this model; inoculation with rotavirus was not necessary.
Verification of ineffectual activity of ivermectin against adult Onchocerca spp in the ligamentum nuchae of horses
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ivermectin paste formulation (200 μg/kg) was administered orally to 27 horses (13 Thoroughbreds and 14 of mixed breeding) to evaluate activity against adult Onchocerca spp in the ligamentum nuchae. Ages, known or estimated, of the horses ranged from 1 to 22 years. Single or multiple doses (1 to 5) of the drug were given to each horse. When multiple doses were administered, the intervals between treatments ranged from 7 to 92 days. At 27 to 171 days after initial treatment (single dose or first of multiple doses), the horses were killed. Some of the horses treated more than once were killed as soon as 7 days after the last treatment.
At necropsy, Onchocerca spp were found in the ligamentum nuchae of 24 (89%) of the 27 horses. All of the specimens were pieces of worms, apparently adult, which appeared to be alive. The only noninfected horses were 2 to 3 years old. In 18 (75%) of the 24 infected horses, microfilariae, most being obviously viable, were found in the worm specimens or ligamentum nuchae.
Prevalence and specificity of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sera from feedlot and range cattle
Authors: Collins James K. , Teegarden Robert M. , MacVean Duncan W. , Smith George H. , Frank Glenn R. , Salman  
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The specificity of serum antibodies for the polypeptides of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was examined, using sera obtained from feedlot and range cattle. Test results in sera from feedlot cattle indicated a 60% rate of seroconversion and 95% seropositivity to brsv, associated with lack of clinical signs indicative of respiratory tract disease. Exposure to other common respiratory tract viruses also was high (≥ 92% to bovine herpesvirus type 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and parainfluenza virus type 3). Test results in sera from range cattle indicated brsv seropositive rates of 28% in calves, 49% in yearling cattle, and 70% in mature cows; clinical signs of respiratory tract disease were not observed in these cattle. Antibodies to brsv in sera from cattle in both environments reacted predominantly with polypeptides of molecular weight 80,000 through 85,000, 40,000, and 28,000. Reactivity to a glycoprotein of molecular weight between 43,000 and 44,000 and to several glycopolypeptides of smaller molecular weight increased in serum specimens obtained from feedlot cattle between time of entry into the feedlot and slaughter.
Inhibition of feline infectious peritonitis virus replication by recombinant human leukocyte (α) interferon and feline fibroblastic (β) interferon
Authors: Weiss Richard C. , Toivio-Kinnucan Maria 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) in feline cell cultures was inhibited after incubation of cells with either human recombinant leukocyte (α) interferon (ifn) or feline fibroblastic (β) ifn for 18 to 24 hours before viral challenge exposure. Compared with virus control cultures, fipv yields were reduced by ranges of 0.1 to 2.7 log10 or 2 to 5.2 log10 tcid50 in cultures treated with human α- or feline β-ifn, respectively; yield reductions were ifn dose dependent. Sensitivity to the antiviral activities of ifn varied with cell type; feline embryo cells had greater fipv yield reductions than did similarly treated feline kidney or feline lung cells. Comparison of the virus growth curves in ifn-treated and virus control cultures indicated marked reduction in intracellular and extracellular fipv in ifn-treated cultures. Compared with virus control cultures, intracellular and extracellular infectivity in ifn-treated cultures was delayed in onset by 12 and 30 hours, respectively, and fipv titers subsequently were reduced by 3 to 3.5 and 5 log10 tcid50, respectively. Frequently, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy of ifn-treated cells or cell culture fluids did not reveal virus; however, even in cultures without viral cytopathic changes, small amounts of virus occasionally persisted in cells.