bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective efficacy and therapeutic window of curcuma oil: in rat embolic stroke model
Authors: Dohare Preeti , Garg Puja , sharma Uma , Jagannathan NR , Ray Madhur 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Among the naturally occurring compounds, turmeric from the dried rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa has long been used extensively as a condiment and a household remedy all over Southeast Asia. Turmeric contains essential oil, yellow pigments (curcuminoids), starch and oleoresin. The present study was designed for investigating the neuroprotective efficacy and the time window for effective therapeutic use of Curcuma oil (C. oil).

Method
In the present study, the effect of post ischemic treatment of C.oil after ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat was observed. C.oil (500 mg/kg body wt) was given 4 hrs post ischemia. The significant effect on lesion size as visualized by using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and neuroscore was still evident when treatment was started 4 hours after insult. Animals were assessed for behavioral deficit scores after 5 and 24 hours of ischemia. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed for evaluation of infarct and edema volumes and other parameters.

Results
C.oil ameliorated the ischemia induced neurological functional deficits and the infarct and edema volumes measured after 5 and 24 hrs of ischemia. After 24 hrs, immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression of iNOS, cytochrome c and Bax/Bcl-2 were altered after the insult, and antagonized by treatment with C.oil. C.oil significantly reduced nitrosative stress, tended to correct the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and also affected caspase-3 activation finally apoptosis.

Conclusion
Here we demonstrated that iNOS-derived NO produced during ischemic injury was crucial for the up-regulation of ischemic injury targets. C.oil down-regulates these targets this coincided with an increased survival rate of neurons.
Sample size determination for bibliographic retrieval studies
Authors: Yao Xiaomei , Wilczynski Nancy L , Walter Stephen D , Haynes R Brian 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Research for developing search strategies to retrieve high-quality clinical journal articles from MEDLINE is expensive and time-consuming. The objective of this study was to determine the minimal number of high-quality articles in a journal subset that would need to be hand-searched to update or create new MEDLINE search strategies for treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis studies.

Methods
The desired width of the 95% confidence intervals (W) for the lowest sensitivity among existing search strategies was used to calculate the number of high-quality articles needed to reliably update search strategies. New search strategies were derived in journal subsets formed by 2 approaches: random sampling of journals and top journals (having the most high-quality articles). The new strategies were tested in both the original large journal database and in a low-yielding journal (having few high-quality articles) subset.

Results
For treatment studies, if W was 10% or less for the lowest sensitivity among our existing search strategies, a subset of 15 randomly selected journals or 2 top journals were adequate for updating search strategies, based on each approach having at least 99 high-quality articles. The new strategies derived in 15 randomly selected journals or 2 top journals performed well in the original large journal database. Nevertheless, the new search strategies developed using the random sampling approach performed better than those developed using the top journal approach in a low-yielding journal subset. For studies of diagnosis and prognosis, no journal subset had enough high-quality articles to achieve the expected W (10%).

Conclusion
The approach of randomly sampling a small subset of journals that includes sufficient high-quality articles is an efficient way to update or create search strategies for high-quality articles on therapy in MEDLINE. The concentrations of diagnosis and prognosis articles are too low for this approach.
A quantitative PCR method to detect blood microRNAs associated with tumorigenesis in transgenic mice
Authors: Fan Alice C , Goldrick Marianna M , Ho Jennifer , Liang Yu , Bachireddy Pavan , Felsher Dean W 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation frequently occurs in cancer. Analysis of whole blood miRNA in tumor models has not been widely reported, but could potentially lead to novel assays for early detection and monitoring of cancer. To determine whether miRNAs associated with malignancy could be detected in the peripheral blood, we used real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR to determine miRNA profiles in whole blood obtained from transgenic mice with c-MYC-induced lymphoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and osteosarcoma. The PCR-based assays used in our studies require only 10 nanograms of total RNA, allowing serial mini-profiles (20 – 30 miRNAs) to be carried out on individual animals over time. Blood miRNAs were measured from mice at different stages of MYC-induced lymphomagenesis and regression. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the data identified specific miRNA expression profiles that correlated with tumor type and stage. The miRNAs found to be altered in the blood of mice with tumors frequently reverted to normal levels upon tumor regression. Our results suggest that specific changes in blood miRNA can be detected during tumorigenesis and tumor regression.
Index medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Al-Shorbaji Najeeb 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe study provides the rationale, history and current status of the Index Medicus for the World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Region. The Index is unique in combining the geographic coverage of peer-reviewed health and biomedical journals (408 titles) from the 22 countries of the Region. Compiling and publishing the Index coupled with a document delivery service is an integral part of the WHO Regional Office's knowledge management and sharing programme. In this paper, bibliometric indicators are presented to demonstrate the distribution of journals, articles, languages, subjects and authors as well as availability in printed and electronic formats. Two countries in the Region (Egypt and Pakistan) contribute over 50% of the articles in the Index. About 90% of the articles are published in English. Epidemiology articles represent 8% of the entire Index. 15% of the journals in the Index are also indexed in MEDLINE, while 7% are indexed in EMBASE. Future developments of the Index will include covering more journals and adding other types of health and biomedical literature, including reports, theses, books and current research. The challenges and lessons learnt are discussed.
Does language matter? A case study of epidemiological and public health journals, databases and professional education in French, German and Italian
Authors: Baussano Iacopo , Brzoska Patrick , Fedeli Ugo , Larouche Claudia , Razum Oliver , Fung Isaac C-H 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEpidemiology and public health are usually context-specific. Journals published in different languages and countries play a role both as sources of data and as channels through which evidence is incorporated into local public health practice. Databases in these languages facilitate access to relevant journals, and professional education in these languages facilitates the growth of native expertise in epidemiology and public health. However, as English has become the lingua franca of scientific communication in the era of globalisation, many journals published in non-English languages face the difficult dilemma of either switching to English and competing internationally, or sticking to the native tongue and having a restricted circulation among a local readership. This paper discusses the historical development of epidemiology and the current scene of epidemiological and public health journals, databases and professional education in three Western European languages: French, German and Italian, and examines the dynamics and struggles they have today.
Association of MUTYH Gln324His and APEX1 Asp148Glu with colorectal cancer and smoking in a Japanese population
Authors: Kasahara Mayumi , Osawa Kayo , Yoshida Kana , Miyaishi Aiko , Osawa Yasunori , Inoue Natsuko , Tsutou Akimitsu , Tabuchi Yoshiki , Tanaka Kenichi , Yamamoto Masahiro , Shimada Etsuji , Takahashi Juro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair enzymes may lead to genetic instability and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Our objective was to measure the interactions between polymorphisms of repair genes and tobacco smoking in colorectal cancer.

Methods
The case-control study involved sixty-eight colorectal cancer patients and 121 non-cancer controls divided into non-smokers and smokers according to pack-years of smoking. The genetic polymorphisms of DNA repair enzymes,OGG1 Ser326Cys, MUTYH Gln324His, APEX1 Asp148Glu and XRCC1 Arg399Gln, were examined using PCR-RFLP.

Results
The MUTYH Gln324His showed strong significant associations with a risk of colorectal cancer (crude odds ratio [OR] 3.30, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.44–7.60, p = 0.005; adjusted OR3.53, 95%CI 1.44–8.70, p = 0.006). The ORs for the APEX1 Asp148Glu were statistically significant (crude OR 2.69, 95%CI 1.45–4.99, p = 0.002; adjusted OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.21–4.48, p = 0.011). The ORs for the MUTYH Gln324His and the APEX1 Asp148Glu were statistically significant for colon cancer (adjusted OR 3.95, 95%CI 1.28–12.20, p = 0.017 for MUTYH Gln324His ; adjusted OR 3.04, 95%CI 1.38–6.71, p = 0.006 for APEX1 Asp148Glu). The joint effect of tobacco exposure and the MUTYH Gln324His showed a significant association with colorectal cancer risk in non-smokers (adjusted OR 4.08, 95%CI 1.22–13.58, p = 0.022) and the APEX1 Asp148Glu was significantly increased in smokers (adjusted OR 5.02, 95%CI 1.80–13.99, p = 0.002). However, the distributions of OGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Gln were not associated with a colorectal cancer risk.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the MUTYH Gln324His and the APEX1 Asp148Glu constitutes an increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially colon cancer. The MUTYH Gln324His is strongly associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility in never smoking history, whereas the APEX1 Asp148Glu genotype constitutes an increased risk of colorectal cancer when accompanied by smoking exposure.
Weekly intra-articular injections of bone morphogenetic protein-7 inhibits osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Hayashi Masaya , Muneta Takeshi , Ju Young-Jin , Mochizuki Tomoyuki , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Introduction
We investigated the ability of a weekly intra-articular injection of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 to prevent osteoarthritis in rabbits with anterior cruciate ligament transections.

Methods
First, 36 knee joints were randomly divided into four groups: 50, 500, 5,000 ng BMP-7, and control. Knee cartilage was evaluated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Then, in order to control for individual differences, 500 ng BMP-7 was injected into one knee and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the other, and the two knees were compared at 4, 8, and 12 weeks (n = 5). For pharmacokinetic analysis, cartilage was harvested at 1 hour and 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after knee injection of 500 ng BMP-7 or PBS (n = 3).

Results
Histological scores in the 500 and 5,000 ng BMP-7 groups were significantly better than those in the other groups at 12 weeks. Matched pair analysis demonstrated that both macroscopic and histological scores in the 500 ng BMP-7 group were better than those in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed higher BMP-7 expression by chondrocytes in the BMP-7 injected knees. Histology of whole knee and quantitative micro computed tomography analysis showed that weekly injections of 500 ng BMP-7 did not induce synovial fibrosis, ectopic bone, or osteophyte formation. As detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, BMP-7 concentration in the cartilage tissue was still higher in the BMP-7 treated group 7 days after the injection.

Conclusions
Weekly intra-articular injections of BMP-7 inhibited progression of osteoarthritis. Obvious adverse effects were not observed. BMP-7 concentration and expression in cartilage were still higher 7 days after injection.
Gene products of chromosome 11q and their association with CCND1gene amplification and tamoxifen resistance in premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Lundgren Katja , Holm Karolina , Nordenskjöld Bo , Borg Åke , Landberg Göran 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Introduction
The amplification event occurring at chromosome locus 11q13, reported in several different cancers, includes a number of potential oncogenes. We have previously reported amplification of one such oncogene, namely CCND1, to be correlated with an adverse effect of tamoxifen in premenopausal breast cancer patients. Over-expression of cyclin D1 protein, however, confers tamoxifen resistance but not a tamoxifen-induced adverse effect. Potentially, co-amplification of an additional 11q13 gene, with a resulting protein over-expression, is required to cause an agonistic effect. Moreover, during 11q13 amplification a deletion of the distal 11q region has been described. In order to assess the potential impact of the deletion we examined a selected marker for this event.

Method
Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was employed to identify and confirm changes in the gene expression of a number of different genes mapping to the 11q chromosomal region, associated with CCND1 amplification. The subsequent protein expression of these candidate genes was then examined in a clinical material of 500 primary breast cancers from premenopausal patients who were randomly assigned to either tamoxifen or no adjuvant treatment. The protein expression was also compared with gene expression data in a subset of 56 breast cancer samples.

Results
Cortactin and FADD (Fas-associated death domain) over-expression was linked to CCND1 amplification, determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization, but was not associated with a diminished effect of tamoxifen. However, deletion of distal chromosome 11q, defined as downregulation of the marker Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1), was associated with an impaired tamoxifen response, and interestingly with low proliferative breast cancer of low grade. For Pak1 (p21-activated kinase 1) and cyclin D1 the protein expression corresponded to the gene expression data.

Conclusions
The results indicate that many 11q13 associated gene products are over-expressed in conjunction with cyclin D1 but not linked to an agonistic effect of tamoxifen. Finally, the deletion of distal 11q, linked to 11q13 amplification, might be an important event affecting breast cancer outcome and tamoxifen response.
Neurotoxic effects of ecstasy on the thalamus
Authors: de Win Maartje M. L. , Jager Gerry , Booij Jan , Reneman Liesbeth , Schilt Thelma , Lavini Cristina , Olabarriaga Sílvia D. , Ramsey Nick F. , den Heeten Gerard J. , van den Brink Wim 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundNeurotoxic effects of ecstasy have been reported, although it remains unclear whether effects can be attributed to ecstasy, other recreational drugs or a combination of these.AimsTo assess specific/independent neurotoxic effects of heavy ecstasy use and contributions of amphetamine, cocaine and cannabis as part of The Netherlands XTC Toxicity (NeXT) study.MethodEffects of ecstasy and other substances were assessed with1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion weighted imaging and [123I]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane ([123I]β-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (serotonin transporters) in a sample (n=71) with broad variation in drug use, using multiple regression analyses.ResultsEcstasy showed specific effects in the thalamus with decreased [123I]β-CIT binding, suggesting serotonergic axonal damage; decreased fractional anisotropy, suggesting axonal loss; and increased cerebral blood volume probably caused by serotonin depletion. Ecstasy had no effect on brain metabolites and apparent diffusion coefficients.ConclusionsConverging evidence was found for a specific toxic effect of ecstasy on serotonergic axons in the thalamus.
Paternal age at birth and high-functioning autistic-spectrum
disorder in offspring
Authors: Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Matsumoto Kaori , Miyachi Taishi , Tsujii Masatsugu , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Takagai Shu , Kawai Masayoshi , Yagi Atsuko , Iwaki Kimie , Suda Shiro , Sugihara Genichi , Iwata Yasuhide , Matsuzaki Hideo , Sekine Yoshimoto , Suzuki Katsuaki , Sugiyama Toshirou , Mori Norio , Takei Nori 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported the association between advanced paternal
age at birth and the risk of autistic-spectrum disorder in offspring,
including offspring with intellectual disability.AimsTo test whether an association between advanced paternal age at birth is
found in offspring with high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder (i.e.
offspring without intellectual disability).MethodA case–control study was conducted in Japan. The participants consisted
of individuals with full-scale IQ ⩾ 70, with a DSM–IV autistic disorder
or related diagnosis. Unrelated healthy volunteers were recruited as
controls. Parental ages were divided into tertiles (i.e. three age
classes). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using
logistic regression analyses, with an adjustment for age, gender and
birth order.ResultsEighty-four individuals with autistic-spectrum disorder but without
intellectual disability and 208 healthy controls were enrolled. Increased
paternal, but not maternal, age was associated with an elevated risk of
high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder. A one-level advance in
paternal age class corresponded to a 1.8-fold increase in risk, after
adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsAdvanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk for
high-functioning autistic-spectrum disorder.
Correlation and familial aggregation of dimensions of psychosis
in affected sibling pairs from China
Authors: Vassos Evangelos , Sham Pak C. , Cai Guiqing , Deng Hong , Liu Xiehe , Sun Xueli , Zhao Jinghua , Murray Robin M. , Collier David A. , Li Tao 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundA number of studies with conflicting results have examined the
familiality of schizophrenia syndromes in Western populations.AimsThe objective of this study was to determine, using clinical data from
concordant sibling pairs, whether symptom dimensions and other clinical
characteristics of schizophrenia show familial aggregation and are
therefore potentially useful traits in genetic studies.MethodWe measured clinical and demographic features, and symptom dimensions of
schizophrenia in 137 families from China who had two or more affected
members with schizophrenia. Within-sibling pair correlation was assessed
with intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa statistics.ResultsGlobal functioning, positive, disorganisation and dysphoric symptoms,
premorbid schizotypal and schizoid traits, premorbid social adjustment,
type and age at illness onset all showed significant evidence of familial
aggregation. DSM–IV schizophrenia subtypes were also found to be
familial.ConclusionsThis is the first study in a large non-European population to confirm
that schizophrenia dimensions and clinical characteristics show
significant familiality, implying possible heritability. This supports
their use in the delineation of homogeneous subsets for future genetic
studies.
Cognitive–behavioural therapy for health anxiety in a genitourinary medicine clinic: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Seivewright Helen , Green John , Salkovskis Paul , Barrett Barbara , Nur Ula , Tyrer Peter 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundLittle is known about the management of health anxiety and hypochondriasis in secondary care settings.AimsTo determine whether cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) along with a supplementary manual was effective in reducing symptoms and health consultations in patients with high health anxiety in a genitourinary medicine clinic.MethodPatients with high health anxiety were randomly assigned to brief CBT and compared with a control group.ResultsGreater improvement was seen in Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) scores (primary outcome) in patients treated with CBT (n=23) than in the control group (n=26) (P=0.001). Similar but less marked differences were found for secondary outcomes of generalised anxiety, depression and social function, and there were fewer health service consultations. The CBT intervention resulted in improvements in outcomes alongside higher costs, with an incremental cost of £33 per unit reduction in HAI score.ConclusionsCognitive–behavioural therapy for health anxiety within a genitourinary medicine clinic is effective and suggests wider use of this intervention in medical settings.
Implementation of crisis resolution/home treatment teams in England: national survey 2005–2006
Authors: Onyett Steve , Linde Karen , Glover Gyles , Floyd Siobhan , Bradley Steven , Middleton Hugh 
Published: September 2008

Aims and MethodTo describe implementation of crisis resolution/home treatment (CRHT) teams in England, examine obstacles to implementation and priorities for development. We conducted an online survey followed by a telephone or face-to-face interview among 243 teams.ResultsConsiderable progress has been made in implementation with a subset of teams demonstrating strong fidelity to the Department of Health's guidance, particularly in urban settings. However, only 40% of teams described themselves as fully established. Many teams reported a high assessment load, understaffing, limited multidisciplinary input and patchy fulfilment of their gate-keeping role.Clinical ImplicationsSuccessful implementation of the CRHT teams as alternatives to hospital admission requires resources for home treatment out of hours, effective systems working among local services, stronger local understanding and advocacy of the teams' role.
The Metasul metal-on-metal articulation in primary total hip replacement
Authors: Eswaramoorthy V. , Moonot P. , Kalairajah Y. , Biant L. C. , Field R. E. 
Published: September 2008

We report the clinical and radiological outcome at ten years of 104 primary total hip replacements (100 patients) using the Metasul metal-on-metal bearing. Of these, 52 had a cemented Stuehmer-Weber polyethylene acetabular component with a Metasul bearing and 52 had an uncemented Allofit acetabular component with a Metasul liner. A total of 15 patients (16 hips) died before their follow-up at ten years and three were lost to follow-up. The study group therefore comprised 82 patients (85 hips). The mean Oxford score at ten years was 20.7 (12 to 42). Six of 85 hips required revision surgery. One was performed because of infection, one for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component and four because of unexplained pain. Histological examination showed an aseptic lymphocytic vasculitis associated lesion-type tissue response in two of these. Continued follow-up is advocated in order to monitor the long-term performance of the Metasul bearing and tissue responses to metal debris.