bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of green infrastructure and irrigation in the mitigation of urban heat in a desert city
Authors: Gao Kai , Haddad Shamila , Paolini Riccardo , Feng Jie , Altheeb Muzahim , Mogirah Abdulrahman Al , Moammar Abdullatif Bin , Santamouris Mattheos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSevere urban heat, a prevalent climate change consequence, endangers city residents globally. Vegetation-based mitigation strategies are commonly employed to address this issue. However, the Middle East and North Africa are under investigated in terms of heat mitigation, despite being one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change. This study assesses the feasibility and climatic implications of wide-scale implementation of green infrastructure (GI) for heat mitigation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia—a representative desert city characterized by low vegetation coverage, severe summer heat, and drought. Weather research forecasting model (WRF) is used to simulate GI cooling measures in Riyadh’s summer condition, including measures of increasing vegetation coverage up to 60%, considering irrigation and vegetation types (tall/short). In Riyadh, without irrigation, increasing GI fails to cool the city and can even lead to warming (0.1 to 0.3 °C). Despite irrigation, Riyadh’s overall GI cooling effect is 50% lower than GI cooling expectations based on literature meta-analyses, in terms of average peak hour temperature reduction. The study highlights that increased irrigation substantially raises the rate of direct soil evaporation, reducing the proportion of irrigation water used for transpiration and thus diminishing efficiency. Concurrently, water resource management must be tailored to these specific considerations.
Ohmic Heating Technology for Food Applications, From Ohmic Systems to Moderate Electric Fields and Pulsed Electric Fields
Authors: Astráin-Redín Leire , Ospina Sebastián , Cebrián Guillermo , Álvarez-Lanzarote Ignacio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOhmic heating (OH) of food has been investigated for many years as an alternative to conventional heating because it allows fast and homogeneous heating. The processing parameters that influence the most uniformity of the heating in OH are the electric field strength and the frequency. Therefore, recent trends have focused on studying the application of frequencies in the order of kHz and electric fields higher than 100 V/cm. In this regard, and considering only the applied field strength in a way to easily differentiate them, three ohmic systems could be distinguished: OH (< 100 V/cm), moderated electric fields (MEF) (100–1000 V/cm), and ohmic-pulsed electric fields (ohmic-PEF) (> 1000 V/cm). The advantages of applying higher electric fields (MEF and ohmic-PEF) over OH are, on the one hand, their much higher heating rate and, on the other hand, their capability to electroporate cells, causing the release of intracellular ionic compounds, and therefore, uniformizing the electrical conductivity of the product. This strategy is especially interesting for large solid foods where conventional heating applications lead to large temperature gradients and quality losses due to surface overtreatment. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the state of the art of OH technologies, focusing on MEF and ohmic-PEF. The advantages and disadvantages of MEF and ohmic-PEF compared to OH and their potential for improving processes in the food industry are also discussed.
A low-cost automatic people-counting system at bus stops using Wi-Fi probe requests and deep learning
Authors: Pronello Cristina , Anbarasan Deepan , Spoturno Felipe , Terzolo Giulia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCounting people is an important part of people-centric applications, and the increase in the number of IoT devices has allowed the collection of huge amounts of data to facilitate people counting. The present study seeks to provide a novel, low-cost, automatic people-counting system for the use at bus stops, featuring a sniffing device that can capture Wi-Fi probe requests, and overcoming the problem of Media Access Control (MAC) randomization using deep learning. To make manual data collection considerably easier, a “People Counter” app was designed to collect ground truth data in order to train the model with higher accuracy. A user-friendly, operating system-independent dashboard was created to display the most relevant metrics. A two-step methodological approach was followed comprising device choice and data collection; data analysis and algorithm development. For the data analysis, three different approaches were tested, and among these a deep-learning approach using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) with Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) architecture produced the best results. The optimal deep learning model predicted the number of people at the stop with a mean absolute error of ~ 1.2 persons, which can be considered a good preliminary result, considering that the experiment was done in a very complex open environment. People-counting systems at bus stops can support better bus scheduling, improve the boarding and alighting time of passengers, and aid the planning of integrated multi-modal transport system networks.
Magnetic micro-archaeology: a method for conducting rock magnetic microfacies analysis on archaeological soil micromorphology samples, with a case study from El Salt, Alcoy, Spain
Authors: Dinçkal Ada , Carrancho Alonso Angel , Hernandez Gomez Cristo M. , Mallol Carolina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor geoarchaeologists the use of multiproxy and multimethod integrative approaches has become common for studying the sedimentary context of archaeological materials. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that combines rock magnetic analysis with micromorphological analysis. We first conduct a brief examination of the magnetic properties of organic resins used in micromorphology to understand the potential impact of the resin and manufacturing process on the magnetic signature. It is crucial to understand the original production of the samples to ensure that endothermic reactions do not compromise the magnetic data. We illustrate the advantages of this approach through a case study of a pit hearth from the Neanderthal archaeological site of El Salt in Alcoi, Spain. This study utilises archived micromorphological samples of a pit hearth (combustion structure H77) initially described by Leierer et al. (J Archaeol Sci 123:105237, 2020). Rock magnetic analysis of multiple magnetic parameters—including magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization, and progressive isothermal remanent magnetization—reveals that each microfacies type exhibits a unique magnetic pattern, even if there is overlapping in signatures across some magnetic parameters. The interpretation of the magnetic data aligns with the results and microfacies descriptions previously provided by Leierer et al. (J Archaeol Sci 123:105237, 2020), further supporting the interpretation of the combustion feature as being in situ with a history of repeated use. The approach presented here offers an enhanced tool for micromorphologists to better understand the magnetic characteristics of microfacies units in higher resolution and establish direct connections to the micromorphological results.
Mechanical and energetic properties of rock-like specimens under water-stress coupling environment
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyang , Sun Haitao , Pu Yang , Guo Junjie , Qiao Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSoft rock has the properties of low strength, poor integrity, and difficulty in core extraction. In order to study the deformation and failure of soft rock, this study used fine river sand as aggregate, cement and gypsum as bonding materials, and borax as a retarder to produce cylindrical rock-like samples (RLS) with a sand cement ratio of 1:1. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted on RLS under DIT (different immersion times) (0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h) in the laboratory. The mechanical and energy properties of RLS under water-stress coupling were analyzed. The results showed that the longer the IT of the RLS, the higher their water content (WC). As the moisture time increases, the uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus (EM), and softening coefficient (SC) of the sample gradually decrease, while the rate of change of EM is the opposite. The fitted sample SC exhibits a good logarithmic function relationship with WC. During the loading process of the sample, more than 60% of the U (total energy absorbed) during the loading process of the sample is accumulated in the form of Ue (releasable elastic energy), while less than 40% of U is dissipated by the newly formed micro cracks during the compaction, sliding, and yield stages of the internal pores and cracks of the sample. The U before the peak and the Ue of the RLS decrease exponentially with the moisture content; the relationship curves of Ue/U (released elastic energy ratio) and Ud/U (dissipated energy ratio) of RLS during uniaxial compression with the σ1/σmax (axial stress ratio) can be divided into three stages of change, namely the stage of primary fissure compaction and closure (σ1/σmax < 0.25), continuously absorbing energy stage (0.25 < σ1/σmax < 0.8), and energy dissipation stage (σ1/σmax > 0.8); the D (damage variable) was defined by the ratio of Ud (dissipated energy) to the Udmax (maximum dissipated energy) at failure time of RLS, the fitting of the relationship between the damage variable and axial strain conforms to the logistic equation.
Performance of Metarhizium rileyi Nm017: nutritional supplementation to improve production and quality conidia
Authors: Mejía Cindy , Rocha Jaime , Sanabria Johanna , Gómez-Álvarez Martha Isabel , Quiroga-Cubides Ginna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the effect of nutritional supplements on improving conidia production ofMetarhizium rileyiNm017 at laboratory scale (yields of conidia/substrate and biomass/substrate, and substrate consumption). Also, the influence on quality parameters were evaluated (germination at 36 and 48 h, enzymatic activity, and insecticidal activity onHelicoverpa zea). Six treatments (T1–T6) were assessed and all of them reached maximum conidia concentration after 7 days fermentation, a feasible production timetable. Yields from treatment T6 (yeast extract + V8 juice) were 1.5–threefold higher than the other treatments. Conidia from T6 reached germinations of 56% and 12% at 36 and 48 h, respectively, higher than T1 (without supplements), which had the lowest values found.M. rileyiconidia obtained from treatment T6 had the highest enzymatic activity (0.45 U chitinase g−1, 0.28 U lipase g−1, and 1.29 U protease g−1). However, treatments with the highest conidia yields and enzymatic activity were not positively correlated to the efficacy againstH. zea.WhenM. rileyiwas produced on T5 (yeast hydrolysate + V8 juice), conidia were 35% more virulent than treatment T6. The findings evidenced the noticeable impact of nutritional substrate amended for conidia production and quality. This work showed the relevance of insecticidal activity assessment as a selection criterion in the mass production development of a biocontrol agent.
Computational aspects of orbifold equivalence
Authors: Kluck Timo , Ros Camacho Ana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the computational feasibility of an algorithm to prove orbifold equivalence between potentials describing Landau–Ginzburg models. Through a comparison with state-of-the-art results of Gröbner basis computations in cryptology, we infer that the algorithm produces systems of equations that are beyond the limits of current technical capabilities. As such the algorithm needs to be augmented by ‘inspired guesswork’, and we provide examples of applying this approach.
An empirically validated rational number sense framework
Authors: Pittalis Marios 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A theoretical model describing Grade 7 students’ rational number sense was formulated and validated empirically (n = 360), hypothesizing that rational number sense is a general construct consisting of three factors: basic rational number sense, arithmetic sense, and flexibility with rational numbers. Data analysis suggested that rational-number tasks can be categorized based on the validated model. The flexibility component reflects thinking about rational numbers in terms of noticing, using, and expressing relations and properties of numbers in patterns, functions, covariation, and complicated computational tasks. It includes utilizing number structure and relational understanding of operations and numbers. Analysis identified three categories of students that represent different rational-number sense profiles. Category 1 students exhibited a limited basic profile that solved mainly traditional school-based tasks. Category 2 students reflected the basic emergent arithmetic sense profile that responded adequately in operation tasks. Category 3 students represented the flexible emergent profile, as they manipulated underlying structures in a variety of situations, indicating an emergent fundamental shift from an arithmetic to an algebraic focus. A discriminant analysis showed that basic and flexible factors could discriminate students best between the three identified profiles of rational number sense.
Modes of convergence of random variables and algebraic genericity
Authors: Araújo G. , Fenoy M. , Fernández-Sánchez J. , López-Salazar J. , Seoane-Sepúlveda J. B. , Vecina J. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImportant probabilistic problems require to find the limit of a sequence of random variables. However, this limit can be understood in different ways and various kinds of convergence can be defined. Among the many types of convergence of sequences of random variables, we can highlight, for example, that convergence in $$L^p$$

L
p

-sense implies convergence in probability, which, in turn, implies convergence in distribution, besides that all these implications are strict. In this paper, the relationship between several types of convergence of sequences of random variables will be analyzed from the perspective of lineability theory.
Management of SARS-CoV-2 and Persistent Viral Detection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Castro Karen , Naik Chetan A. , Spak Cedric W. , Askar Medhat , Pittmon Leah , Williams Jenifer , Vandervest Katherine , Endicott-Yazdani Tiana , Grazia Todd J. , Gottlieb Robert L. , Mathai Susan K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We explore the challenges of managing solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on prolonged viral detection in immunosuppressed individuals.

Recent Findings
SOTR guidelines recommend three mRNA vaccine doses with additional booster dosing and continued protective post-vaccination measures. COVID-19 therapies are similar for SOTRs and non-SOTRs, although drug-drug interactions limit the use of some such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NIM-RTV). Inpatient treatment options include remdesivir and steroids; outpatient antiviral options include NIM-RTV or remdesivir. Whereas molnupiravir has not been withdrawn in the USA, it is no longer available in Europe due to safety and efficacy concerns, along with selection mutagenesis. Prolonged viral replication in immunosuppressed patients presents the risk of future variant generation and concern for transmission.

Summary
SOTR COVID-19 guidelines emphasize vaccination and protective measures; persistently positive cases remain a challenge. Medications promoting selection mutagenesis are ill-advised for those already at risk of incubating variants capable of immunologic escape.
Current Concepts in the Evaluation, Management, and Prevention of Common Foot and Ankle Injuries in the Runner
Authors: Tingan Alexis S. , Bowen Aisha , Salas-Tam Chelsea , Roland Matthew , Srivastav Apurva 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Running-related injuries (RRIs) are a common cause of dysfunction among runners. Foot and ankle injuries are among the most common RRIs. The purpose of this review is to detail current concepts in the pathophysiology, evaluation, management, and prevention of foot and ankle RRIs.

Recent Findings
Running gait analyses are helpful in identifying biomechanical and kinematic abnormalities that can be targeted in rehabilitation. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is now being used to both qualitatively and quantitatively assess tissue integrity to guide diagnosis, prognosis, and return to run decision-making. Recent treatment analyses have demonstrated that rehabilitation exercises are vital for restoring tissue function. The effectiveness of gait retraining and shoe modification is unclear. There is emerging evidence that training the foot core muscles is preventative against RRIs. Although injections such as orthobiologics have recently gained popularity, their long-term effectiveness in the management of foot and ankle RRIs remains inconclusive.

Summary
A comprehensive review of RRI risk factors and a thorough physical examination are vital for identifying RRIs. Ultrasonography is an emerging diagnostic modality for RRIs. Treatment should center around extrinsic risk factor reduction, activity modification, rehabilitative exercise, and a gradual return to run progression. Caution should be used when considering injections, particularly orthobiologics, for the management of RRIs. Future research should be performed to investigate the effectiveness of gait modification and the effectiveness of orthobiologics in the treatment of RRIs.
Comparative study about the results of HAZ physical simulations on different high-strength steel grades
Authors: Kovács J. , Gáspár M. , Lukács J. , Tervo H. , Kaijalainen A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith continuous improvements, structural steels are available in even higher strength grades above 1000 MPa yield strength. As the great majority of these steels are used in welded structures, their weldability needs to be taken into account. Several factors can cause difficulties during welding of these steels, but in this paper the softening behavior and the toughness characteristics of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) are examined. As the critical parts of the HAZ in a real welded joint are relatively small, their investigating ability is limited. However, the physical simulation provides a way of evaluating specimens made from a given material to produce the specified HAZ areas in a suitable size range for subsequent testing. In this research work, three different strength categories of high-strength structural steels (with yield strength of 960 MPa, 1100 MPa, and 1300 MPa) are investigated by physical simulation. In the case of different technological variants of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, the effect of the cooling time t8/5 is investigated in different HAZ subzones considered to be critical. The thermal cycles were determined according to the Rykalin 3D model. The investigated cooling times were t8/5 = 5 s, 15 s, and 30 s. The properties of the selected coarse-grained, intercritical and intercritically reheated coarse-grained zones are analyzed by laser scanning microscope, scanning electron microscope, hardness test, and instrumented Charpy V-notch impact toughness test. Furthermore, additional investigation like JMatPro calculations, electron backscatter diffraction measurements, and prior austenite grain size calculation were carried out. As a result of the tests, the investigated heat-affected subzones indicated higher sensitivity to the welding heat input compared to conventional structural steels. Overall, the results of the tests show that the application of shorter t8/5 cooling time can be beneficial for the investigated high-strength steel grades, since significant toughness reduction and the risk of softening occur in the whole cooling time range.
Intelligent conflict detection of IoT services using high-level Petri nets
Authors: Yang Rong , Wu Mou , Gui Xueqin , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInternet of Things has become a common paradigm for various domains. To meet a user’s complex requirement, we should compose multiple IoT devices (IoT services) to provide comprehensive services to the user. However, these services usually coexist, which is likely to lead to conflicts. Moreover, each user may have different kinds of needs. Suppose that in a smart home there are more than one person, a conflict may occur when they request the same service in this environment. Actually, even though they request different IoT services, among which if there exists function impact or QoS impact, a conflict could still occur. In this paper, we propose to employ high-level Petri nets to detect conflicts among IoT services. We first model the formal methods for conflict policies. Then, we present a Petri nets-based mechanism for modeling and detecting conflicts. Finally, we expand the previous model and use high-level Petri nets for handling fuzzy IoT conflict policies modeling and reasoning. The experimental results show that the proposed approach performs well in accuracy.
ViT-UperNet: a hybrid vision transformer with unified-perceptual-parsing network for medical image segmentation
Authors: Ruiping Yang , Kun Liu , Shaohua Xu , Jian Yin , Zhen Zhang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe existing image semantic segmentation models have low accuracy in detecting tiny targets or multi-targets at overlapping regions. This work proposes a hybrid vision transformer with unified-perceptual-parsing network (ViT-UperNet) for medical image segmentation. A self-attention mechanism is embedded in a vision transformer to extract multi-level features. The image features are extracted hierarchically from low to high dimensions using 4 groups of Transformer blocks with different numbers. Then, it uses a unified-perceptual-parsing network based on a feature pyramid network (FPN) and a pyramid pooling module (PPM) for the fusion of multi-scale contextual features and semantic segmentation. FPN can naturally use hierarchical features, and generate strong semantic information on all scales. PPM can better use the global prior knowledge to understand complex scenes, and extract features with global context information to improve segmentation results. In the training process, a scalable self-supervised learner named masked autoencoder is used for pre-training, which strengthens the visual representation ability and improves the efficiency of the feature learning. Experiments are conducted on cardiac magnetic resonance image segmentation where the left and right atrium and ventricle are selected for segmentation. The pixels accuracy is 93.85%, the Dice coefficient is 92.61% and Hausdorff distance is 11.16, which are improved compared with the other methods. The results show the superiority of Vit-UperNet in medical images segmentation, especially for the low-recognition and serious-occlusion targets.
Where and when has the rare Fish Species Regalecus glesne been Found in the Mediterranean so far?
Authors: Galasso Gabriele , Carlucci Roberto , D’Onghia Gianfranco , Maiorano Porzia , Turco Cristina , Sion Letizia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe finding of two specimens of oarfish, Regalecus glesne, in the north-western Ionian Sea (central Mediterranean), in the years 2021 and 2022 and at depths of 525 and 350 m respectively, is reported to update the current information on the distribution of this teleost fish in the Mediterranean waters. In fact, to date, that most of the R. glesne findings are distributed in the western part of the Mediterranean basin, between the Ligurian Sea (Italy) and the Gulf of Lion (France), with 22 and 17 findings, respectively. The TL recorded in the Ligurian Sea ranges from 86.5 to 433 cm, and in the Gulf of Lion from 88 to 446 cm. For the two captured specimens during these surveys, the estimated total length were 650 and 2700 mm, respectively. Macroscopic examination of the gonads identified these specimens as an indeterminate and a female in the early stage of gonad maturity.