bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The specificity of the saLIcylaldehyde RE. Action for the detection of acetone
Authors: Thomson T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe salicylaldehyde reaction fur the detection of acetone has been studied. It has been shown that the range of specificity hitherto suggested is much too narrow and that the mechanism of the reaction postulated by Braunstein is untenable. A positive salieylaldehyde reaction is given by a wide variety of substances, the essential conditions being condensation of the salieylaldehyde with a reactive methylene group and the formation, through the phenolic hydroxyl group in the salicylaldehyde molecule, of the sodium Bait of the resulting compound. With a relatively concentrated solution of acetone, at any rate, the red colour is due to the formation of the sodium Halt of salieylacetone. Such salts have been isolated and characterised. The reaction is more sensitive for acetone than for any of the other substances examined.
A note on the bromination of p‐nitrotoluene
Authors: Cavill G. W. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe bromination of p‐nitrotoluene in the presence of antimony tribromide gives p‐nitrobenzyl bromide, the use of ferric bromide as catalyst results in the formation of 2 bromo as nitrotoluene. The former method is suggested as a convenient one for the preparation of p‐nitrobenzyl bromide.
South African fish products. Part XXII. Periodic acid as a reagent in the analysis of the unsaponifiable fractions of natural fats
Authors: Karnovsky M. L. , Rapson W. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of the distribution, nature and metabolism of glyceryl ethers in natural fats is in progress, and as a preliminary to the publication of results, a method which has been used for the quantitative estimation of α‐glyceryl others in the unsaponifiable fractions of natural fats is described. In this method the unsaponifiable matter of the fat is treated in solution in ethyl alcohol or ethyl acetate with an excess of periodic acid solution, and the formaldehyde generated is estimated gravimetrically. The results obtained have been checked by volumetric estimation of the periodic acid consumed in the reaction. In very many cases, as with batyl alcohol itself, agreement has been observed between the results of the two methods. Diserepancies with a number of fats indicate, however, the existence in their unsaponifiable matters of substances other than α‐glyceryl others which are attacked by periodie acid. These cases are under fuller investigation.
Part II. The value and the limitations of highspeed turbo‐exhausters for the removal of tar‐fog from carburetted water‐gas
Authors: Badger E. H. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present paper is concerned with a study of the factors which affect the removal of tar fog by high‐speed turbo‐exhausters and the assessment of the conditions under which turbo‐exhausters alone provide adequate tar fog removal from carburetted water gas.
Part III. Removal of tar fog from coal gas
Authors: Badger E. H. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimilar tests to those described in Part II of this linner were made on a coal gas stream. 200.000 cu. ft. per hr. of coal gas from intermittent vertical chamber ovens were cooled in water tube condensers and then passed through a high‐speed two‐stage turbo‐exhauster. On leaving the exhauster the gas was again cooled in water tube condensers, as is usual in coal gas purification, and then passed through a Livesey tar extractor, rotary ammonia washers and oxide of iron purifiers.
The filtration of subsider muds and the effect of bagacillo as a filter aid
Authors: Coalstad S. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe filtration plant for treating muds produced in clarification is an important section of the sugar mill, and yet but little published investigation work 1ms appeared to date on this process, having as its object the determination of the best operating conditions. Defecation mud is not a free Jittering material, and it is not easy to wash free of sugars on a rotary or other type of filter, in one filtering operation. For this reason an investigation of the composition of subsider mud and its filtering properties was carried out by the writer in the research Department at Kalamia Mill recently, and the results are given below.
The protective action of lead compounds
Authors: Mayne J. E. O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has been shown that distilled water may be rendered non‐corrosive by contact with lend powder, litharge and red lead, whilst under the same conditions little or no inhibition was obtained from lead peroxide, lead sulphate, lead chromate, basic lead sulphate, basic lead carbonate, iron oxide and titanium oxide. The inhibition was associated with the passage of lead into solution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide removed the lead from solution by precipitating it as basic lead car be unto. In certain cases, therefore, protection broke down, and the results were not very reproducible. Paints have been prepared from the majority of the pigments mentioned above, by grinding them in a drying oil, and it had been found that so long as the lead pigment was sufficiently basic to form lend soaps it yielded a paint film which was capable of making water non‐corrosive. It was concluded, that inhibition was brought about the soluble lead compounds produced by the hydrolysis of lead soaps, and this was confirmed an examination of the behaviour of a commercial sample of lead linoleate, Tins inhibition was obtained even in the presence of small quantities of electrolytes and atmospheric carbon dioxide. It would seem that the ideal vehicle should contain sufficient acid to ensure adequate soap formation, and should yield a film of maximum water resistance, in order that the soluble inhibitive ingredients may be retained as long as possible. The possible ways in which such a vehicle could be developed are discussed in the paper. The mechanism by which the products of hydrolysis of lead linoleate cause inhibition has been examined, and it is concluded that the soluble lead compounds are adsorbed on the bare metal, and act as anodic adsorption inhibitors. The nature of the adsorbed substance has not been clearly established. The paper contains suggestions for future work.
The morgan method of soil testing. Part IV. Use of the spekker absorptiometer for estimating phosphate
Authors: Tinsley J. , Pizer N. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA direct, quantitative method of estimating 0 to 8 p.p.m. of phosphorus (as phosphate) in Morgan's universal extracting solution (U.E.S.) is described in which molybdenum‐blue is formed in 13 mm. diameter tubes and measured by means of the Spekker photo‐electric absorptiometer. 1 ml. of phosphate solution is used, 1 ml. of a sodium molybdate‐hydrochloric acid solution and 0.5 ml. of n stannous chloride‐hydrochloric acid solution. The sodium molybdatc reagent contains sufficient hydrochloric acid to offset neutralisation of the acidity of U.E.S. by calcium carbonate in calcareous soils. The molybdenum‐blue is formed rapidly and is stable for 30 minutes. The relationship between Spekker drum readings and p.p.m. P is linear. The method is applicable to U.E.S. extracts of acid or highly calcareous soils: evidence of its suitability for soil extracts will appear in a later papor.
The preparation of an active absorbent of hydrogen sulphide from waste oxide of iron
Authors: Whalley H. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImpure iron oxide, which is a by‐product in the extraction of alumina from bauxite, is valueless as an absorbent for hydrogen sulphide. Attempts to activate the waste oxide by simple chemical treatments were unsuccessful. Partial reduction in coal gas, followed by oxidation with air, gave three groups of oxides showing high activity, high capacity and rapid revivability. Study of the absorption and reactivation reactions showed that sulphidation occurred in two stages: first, a rapid logarithmic reaction, followed by a slower autocatalytic absorption. If the reaction were stopped on completion of the first stage, and the material then revivified, the resultant oxide showed the second autocatalytic stage. Suggestions for the mechanism of the changes involved are advanced.The activated oxide was shown to be better than all of a number of commercial absorbents examined, except for bog ore admixed with peat, and even with this high‐grade material the comparison was not too unfavourable.
Am improved “kjeldahl trap” and ammonia‐distillation outfit
Authors: Lovecy A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new design of apparatus for analyses involving the quantitative distillation of ammonia, e.g., in the Devarda procedure, it described. To remove entrained non‐volatile alkali from the vapour, the latter is passed through water at the boiling‐point in a special scrubber. Strict tests, which have been made by reducing samples of a nitric, acid solution and titrating the resultant asonia with the same nitric solution, have demonstrated the quantitative reliability of the apparatus.
The drying of wheat. IV. Phosphatase activity as an index of heat damage in cereals
Authors: Hutson J. B. , Booth R. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe baking quality, germination vitality and phosphatase activity of a wheat were examined after heat treatment at moisture contents ranging from 5.5 to 35%. Curves relating the percentage of phosphatase inactivation to temperature of treatment are presented. The correlation between phosphatase inactivation and damage to either vitality or baking quality varies with moisture content and is less than that between vitality and baking quality in the important region above 15% moisture. The detection and uset of an ezyme system of greater heat lability than phosphatase is desirable for the unequivocal diagnosis of mild damage to either vitality or baking quality of wheat.
The analysis of external deposits from boilers. part III. Methods in use at British coal utilisation research association for the analysis of the water‐soluble fraction of external boiler deposits
Authors: Edwards A. H. , Flint D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMethods in use at. B.C.U.R.A. for the analysis of the water‐soluble fraction of boiler deposits arc described. A method is given for the extraction of the water‐soluble fraction of an external boiler deposit. The scheme of analysis outlined separates the solution of the water‐soluble fraction into three parts for determinations of (1) acidity, (2) sulphate and alkalis and (3) silica, mixed oxides, lime and magnesia, methods for which are described.
Photosensitive adsorption of water vapour on wool
Authors: Bright Norman F. H. , Carson Thomas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe adsorption of water vapour on wool at atmospheric pressure of air at 5 to 20% relative humidity, has been shown to be influenced by the action of light, the effect of irradiation being to increase the moisture content. The magnitude of the change is of the order of 0·3‐0·5% increase on a moisture content of 5% at 12% relative humidity at 20°. The effect, which has been observed at both 20° and 35°, is rapid and reversible. The phenomenon has not so far been observed with a synthetic vegetable protein fibre.
The bromide content of underground waters. Part I. Determination and occurrence of traces of bromide in water
Authors: Houghton G. U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPractically no quantitative data are available as to the bromide content of water supplies in this country. Methods for the determination of small amounts of bromide in water are discussed; a variation of the D'Ans and Höfer method is described which gives reliable results when 0·05‐2·5 p.p.m. of bromine is present in waters of high organic purity. The method measures total bromine and iodine but it is believed that the iodide content will usually be negligible. The apparent bromide content of a number of underground supplies, chiefly in Southern England, is recorded. A qualitative test for traces of bromate is also described.
The determination of the peroxide values of edible fats and oils: The iodimetric method
Authors: Lea C. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFactors which influence the determination of peroxide values by the iodimetric method have been investigated. These include dissolved oxygen and moisture in the reagent, time and temperature of reaction, and amount of fat taken. The necessity for adequate de‐aëration of the reagent before admixture with the fat had been demonstrated for this, as previously for the photometric ferrous salt method, but the ratio between the “aërobic” and “anaërobic” values is much smaller for the iodimetric than for the ferrous salt method. Alternative procedures for determination of iodimetric peroxide values are recommended by (a) a “cold” method involving standing at laboratory temperature for one hour, or (b) a rapid “hot” method involving heating at the boiling point of the solvent for two minutes.The increase in apparent peroxide value observed in earlier iodimetric procedures when the quantity of fat taken for the determination was reduced, has been shown to be due to an increasing error reuniting from further oxidation of the fat by dissolved oxygen during the determination, rather than to a decreasing error due to loss of iodine by re‐absorption. In both the procedures now recommended, exclusion of atmospheric oxygen is adequate and the results, within reasonable limits, are independent of the size of the sample of fat taken.
The estimation of sulphur compounds in crude and refined benzoles. Part II
Authors: Claxton G. , Hoffert W. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBased on the experiments described in Part I, methods of analysis of sulphur compounds that have been found successful are described in detail, followed by a scheme of analysis for a complete examination of the sulphur compounds in a crude or refined benzole. For the sake of convenience, the methods of analysis are given in the order in which they appear in the complete scheme.
Rendering marine waters potable
Authors: Grunberg L , Nissan A. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe work described in this paper for rendering marine waters potable was undertaken early in 11/42. Sea water contains approximately 35 grams per litre of total solids, the chief Halts being sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulphate and potassium sulphate. This high eon‐cent rat ion of salts causes the water to be undrinkable, for the water cannot pass from the solution through the semi‐permeable membranes into the bloodstream, where the concentration of sodium chloride is only between 7 to 8 grains per litre.
Errors in spectrochemical (flame) analysis
Authors: Oertel A. C. , Stace H. C. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to use the equipment available for the determination of the exchangeable cations in soils, u statistical analysis has been made of the errors in the spectrochemical results obtained by means of an air‐acetylene flame and a large quartz, spectrograph. Even with an elementary technique, an average standard error of less than 4% was obtained. Factors contributing to the total error, such as the error of a microphotometer reading, fluctuations of the flame, and variations of the photographic emulsion, have been studied; two types of plate, sensitised and non‐sensitised, have been examined, It has been shown that most of the total error was due to variations in the photographic plates, and the significance of this in relation to the placement of the standard spectrograms on a plate is discussed. It has been found that, in general, a large quartz spectrograph is not suitable for use with an air‐acetylene Hume because the very low light‐collecting power of the instrument necessitates very long exposures or the use of solutions of impracticably high concentrations, or sometimes both.
The determination of oxides of sulphur in flue gas
Authors: Gillham E. W. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe limitations of existing methods of testing for sulphur dioxido and sulphur trioxido are discussed, and a now method proposed whereby these constituents are absorbed under acid conditions. By absorption of sulphur trioxido in distilled water, absorption and subsequent oxidation of the dioxide are minimised, with a corresponding increase in accuraoy; sulphur dioxido is absorbed in hydrogen peroxide after removal of the trioxido. After absorption, the acidities of the absorbents are determined before and after oxidation; the sulphur contents are determined directly by the palmitato method. Some typical results obtained by new and old methods are tabulated.
The drying of vegetables. V. The effect of scalding in starch or sulphite solutions on the loss of carotene and the deterioration in culinary quality of dried carrot during storage
Authors: Tomkins R. G. , Mapson L. W. , Wager H. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCarrot strips were scalded in (a) water, (b) solutions of sulphite, (e) solutions of starch, pectin or gelatin, and dried. The dried strips were stored in air in sealed cans. The ratio of loss of carotouoids from the carrot strips was the same whether they had been scalded in water or in sulphite solutions but was appreciably reduced if they had been scalded in 2·5% starch solution. Scalding in a solution of starch rather than in water increases the life of dried carrot strips, stored in air at 15°, from 3‐4 months to 7‐9 months.
Separation of the rare earth elements by chloride volatilisation
Authors: Vickery R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA now method of separation of the rare earth series of elements is described which depends upon the different temperatures of volatilisation of the chlorides. Low pressures are employed to reduce the temperatures necessary to easily attainable ranges. Satisfactory results having boon obtained with artificial mixtures, the method was applied to the separation of a natural mixture obtained from monazite sand; the encouraging results thus obtained suggest that further investigations on this procedure would possibly indicate a rapid and effective method for the separation of the members of the rare earth series.
Recent developments in retting of flax and disposal of the waste waters
Authors: Brandon T. W. , Taylor C. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn 1941 the Water Pollution Research Laboratory of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research was naked by the Ministry of Supply to advise on the treatment and disposal of waste waters from retting of flax at a number of factories in England and Scotland. When these factories were built it was thought that it would not be necessary to ret flax in this country during the war, and at most of the sites waste waters from the usual anaerobic processes of retting could not be disposed of without causing undue pollution. Later experience showed that some retting would be necessary.As a result of an investigation by the Water Pollution Research laboratory, n process of aerated retting has been developed from which there is normally no discharge of waste waters. Several methods were tested in small‐scale plant. Results of experiments with the most promising method in full‐scale retting tanks were satisfactory; plants for the retting of flax by the aerated process were therefore installed by the Minister of Supply at several factories, and arc now in operation.
Production of toluene by the cracking of solvent naphtha and xyloles in hydrogen. Part I.—Experiments at atmospheric pressures
Authors: Coulson E. A. , Handley R. , Holt E. C. , Stonestreet D. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLight solvent naphtha derived from coal tar and crudo xylole fractions when passed over various contact materials in a silica tube at temperatures above 700°, yield liquid products containing toluene. The effect of different catalysts was compared and the best production of toluene, equal to over 38% of raw material consumed, was reached when the cracking was carried out in hydrogen over silver gauze at 750°. Details are given of selected experiments done at atmospheric pressure.
Production of toluene by the cracking of solvent naphtha and xyloles in hydrogen. Part II. Experiments in metal reaction tubes, and with increase of pressure above atmospheric
Authors: Coulson E. A. , Handley R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn extension of the work described in Part I included (1) an examination of the life of n silvered pumice catalyst, (2) experiments at pressures up to 12 atmospheres and, (3) treatment of vertical retort tolnole of low s.g. Tim best toluene yields (from crude xyloles) now reached 40 to 50% and were obtained at 12 atmospheres pressure and 650°. Non‐uromatic constituents of vertical retort toluole are removed by a thermal treatment at 675° and toluene of more than 99% purity can be recovered, by straight fractional distillation of the treated liquid product, in amounts comparable with what can be separated by azeotropic fractional distillation.
The automatic estimation of sulphur trioxide in flue gas
Authors: Gillham E. W. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractExperimonts conducted during the development of an earlier instrument showed that the acidic sulphur oxides present in washed flue gas were not readily absorbed by hydrogen peroxide solutions, whereas sulphur dioxide was completely absorbed. These experiments have been extended, and by the use of a wetted sintered glass disc, complete absorption is effected. Distilled water absorbs sulphur trioxide completely; a trace of sulphur dioxide is absorbed, and is removed by scrubbing the solution with acid‐free Hue gas. Descriptions are given of devices used to ensure constancy of flow conditions in the instrument under all conditions of plant load, thus ensuring that the electrical conductivity of the absorbent is strictly proportional to the sulphur trioxide content of the flue gas.
The permeability of proofed fabrics to fumigants
Authors: Winteringham F. P. W. , Harrison A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn apparatus is described in detail for the determination of the permeability of proofed fabrics and similar materials to fumigants under atmospheric conditions. The permeability of various samples of proofed fabrics to methyl bromide and hydrogen cyanide has been determined over a limited range of concentrations at 20·5°. The effect of wear on the permeabilities of the samples has been tested. Some determinations were made at 30° and the effect of temperature qualitatively indicated. The results and their application are briefly discussed.
A note on the chemical constitution of torbanite kerogen
Authors: Cane R. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe probable origin of Australian torbanite is discussed and a hypothesis is put forward to explain its structure. It is suggested that torbanite kerogen arose from the degradation of fatty matter in algae to free acids which were highly unsaturated. Polymerisation of the esters and acids produced a high polymer which ultimately yielded a tough oil‐producing rock now termed Torbanite. Analyses of torbanite ash and kerogen are given and the hypothesis is shown to be consistent with the observed facts.
The kinetics of package life. III. The isotherm
Authors: Oswin C. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPublished equations for the sorption isotherms of hygroscopic materials cannot be used in solving the Package Life equation, but it has been found empirically that Pearson's typo XII Frequency curve can be fitted to the isotherms of many non‐crystalline commodities. Approximate solutions of the equation for the shelf‐life of water‐sensitive packages are derived. Separate equations are derived for absorption and desorption: the agreement of each with results observed in exposure trials is demonstrated.