bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamivudine treatment‐related morphological changes of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Koga Hiroyuki , Ide Tatsuya , Oho Kazuhiko , Kuwahara Reiichiro , Hino Teruko , Ogata Kei , Hisamochi Akiko , Tanaka Kazuo , Kumashiro Ryukichi , Toyonaga Atsushi , Sata Michio 
Published: May 2007

Aim:  Many studies have reported the therapeutic effects of lamivudine on cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B; however, no study has investigated the morphological changes of esophageal varices after lamivudine treatment.Method:  The morphological changes of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis were retrospectively compared between 12 patients treated with lamivudine and six historical untreated patients.Results:  In the treated group, the HBV DNA and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels in the serum were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P = 0.013 and P = 0.009, respectively) at the end of follow‐up, with a significant improvement in the Child–Pugh–Turcotte score (P = 0.022). In the treated group, the disappearance or reduction of esophageal varices was observed in six (50%) of the 12 patients. In three (25%) of the 12 patients, esophageal varices worsened. In the remaining three patients (25%), there were no changes in esophageal varices. In the untreated group, all patients showed the worsening of esophageal varices during the follow‐up period, with a significant difference between this group and the treated group (P = 0.009). The serum HA level decreased in the nine treated patients without worsening of esophageal varices. However, in the three patients with worsening, the HA level significantly increased.Conclusion:  Lamivudine treatment for patients with cirrhosis improves not only liver function but also esophageal varices.
The Importance of the
Compatibility of Nonlinear Constitutive Theories With Their Linear
Counterparts
Authors: Quintanilla Ramon , Saccomandi Giuseppe 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We show, by considering a special class of nonlinear viscoelastic materials, that consistency of a mechanical model with classical linear viscoelasticity, may be a fundamental condition to ensure a mathematical and physical well-posedness behavior. To illustrate our arguments we use a rectilinear class of shear motions that we investigate in the static and quasistatic case in the framework of a simple boundary value problem and the classical recovery phenomenon.
The Lure of the Mean
Axes
Authors: Meirovitch Leonard , Tuzcu Ilhan 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
A variety of aerospace structures, such as missiles, spacecraft, aircraft, and helicopters, can be modeled as unrestrained flexible bodies. The state equations of motion of such systems tend to be quite involved. Because some of these formulations were carried out decades ago when computers were inadequate, the emphasis was on analytical solutions. This, in turn, prompted some investigators to simplify the formulations beyond all reasons, a practice continuing to this date. In particular, the concept of mean axes has often been used without regard to the negative implications. The allure of the mean axes lies in the fact that in some cases they can help decouple the system inertially. Whereas in the case of some space structures this may mean complete decoupling, in the case of missiles, aircraft, and helicopters the systems remain coupled through the aerodynamic forces. In fact, in the latter case the use of mean axes only complicates matters. With the development of powerful computers and software capable of producing numerical solutions to very complex problems, such as MATLAB and MATHEMATICA, there is no compelling reason to insist on closed-form solutions, particularly when undue simplifications can lead to erroneous results.
Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked fluorescent assay methods for detecting Shiga-toxin-producingEscherichia coliin mincemeat samples
Authors: Stefan A. , Scaramagli S. , Bergami R. , Mazzini C. , Barbanera M. , Perelle S. , Fach P. 
Published: May 2007

This work aimed to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the commercially available enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) VIDAS ECOLI O157™ for detecting Escherichia coli O157 in mincemeat. In addition, a PCR-based survey on Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in mincemeat collected in Italy is presented. Real-time PCR assays targeting the stx genes and a specific STEC O157 sequence (SILO157, a small inserted locus of STEC O157) were tested for their sensitivity on spiked mincemeat samples. After overnight enrichment, the presence of STEC cells could be clearly determined in the 25 g samples containing 10 bacterial cells, while the addition of five bacteria provided equivocal PCR results with Ct values very close to or above the threshold of 40. The PCR tests proved to be more sensitive than the ELFA-VIDAS ECOLI O157™, whose detection level started from 50 bacterial cells/25 g of mincemeat. The occurrence of STEC in 106 mincemeat (bovine, veal) samples collected from September to November 2004 at five different points of sale in Italy (one point of sale in Arezzo, Tuscany, central Italy, two in Mantova, Lombardy, Northern Italy, and two in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, upper-central Italy) was less than 1%. Contamination by the main STEC O-serogroups representing a major public health concern, including O26, O91, O111, O145, and O157, was not detected. This survey indicates that STEC present in these samples are probably not associated with pathogenesis in humans.
A SEMI-IMPLICIT APPROACH FOR FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION BASED ON AN ALGEBRAIC FRACTIONAL STEP METHOD
Authors: QUAINI A. , QUARTERONI A. 
Published: May 2007

We address the numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems characterized by a strong added-mass effect. We propose a semi-implicit coupling scheme based on an algebraic fractional-step method. The basic idea of a semi-implicit scheme consists in coupling implicitly the added-mass effect, while the other terms (dissipation, convection and geometrical nonlinearities) are treated explicitly. Thanks to this kind of explicit–implicit splitting, computational costs can be reduced (in comparison to fully implicit coupling algorithms) and the scheme remains stable for a wide range of discretization parameters. In this paper we derive this kind of splitting from the algebraic formulation of the coupled fluid-structure problem (after finite-element space discretization). From our knowledge, it is the first time that algebraic fractional step methods, used thus far only for fluid problems in computational domains with rigid boundaries, are applied to fluid-structure problems. In particular, for the specific semi-implicit method presented in this work, we adapt the Yosida scheme to the case of a coupled fluid-structure problem. This scheme relies on an approximate LU block factorization of the matrix obtained after the discretization in time and space of the fluid-structure system. We analyze the numerical performances of this scheme on 2D fluid-structure simulations performed with a simple 1D structure model.
Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Visual Cortex Impairs Form-specific Priming
Authors: Pobric Gorana , Schweinberger Stefan R. , Lavidor Michal 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that priming of objects across different images (abstract priming) and priming of specific images of an object (form-specific priming) are mediated by dissociable neural processing subsystems that operate in parallel and are predominantly linked to left and right hemispheric processing, respectively [Marsolek, C. J. Dissociable neural subsystems underlie abstract and specific object recognition. Psychological Science, 10, 111–118, 1999]. Previous brain imaging studies have provided important information about the neuroanatomical regions that are involved in form-specific and abstract priming; however, these techniques did not fully establish the functional significance of priming-related changes in cortical brain activity. Here, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in order to establish the functional role of the right occipital cortex in form-specific priming [Kroll, N. E. A., Yonelinas, A. P., Kishiyama, M. M., Baynes, K., Knight, R. T., & Gazzaniga, M. S. The neural substrates of visual implicit memory: Do the two hemispheres play different roles? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 833–842, 2003]. Compared to no TMS and sham TMS, rTMS of the right occipital cortex disrupted immediate form-specific priming in a semantic categorization task. Left occipital rTMS, on the other hand, had no converse effect on abstractive priming. Abstract priming may involve deeper semantic processing and may be unresponsive to magnetic stimulation of a single cortical locus. Our TMS results show that form-specific priming relies on a visual word-form system localized in the right occipital lobe, in line with the predictions from divided visual field behavioral studies [Marsolek, 1999].
Low-dose arsenic trioxide sensitizes glucocorticoid-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to dexamethasone via an Akt-dependent pathway
Authors: Bornhauser Beat C. , Bonapace Laura , Lindholm Dan , Martinez Rodrigo , Cario Gunnar , Schrappe Martin , Niggli Felix K. , Schäfer Beat W. , Bourquin Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Incorporation of apoptosis-inducing agents into current therapeutic regimens is an attractive strategy to improve treatment for drug-resistant leukemia. We tested the potential of arsenic trioxide (ATO) to restore the response to dexamethasone in glucocorticoid (GC)–resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Low-dose ATO markedly increased in vitro GC sensitivity of ALL cells from T-cell and precursor B-cell ALL patients with poor in vivo response to prednisone. In GC-resistant cell lines, this effect was mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of Akt and affecting downstream Akt targets such as Bad, a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, and the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Combination of ATO and dexamethasone resulted in increased Bad and rapid down-regulation of XIAP, while levels of the antiapoptotic regulator Mcl-1 remained unchanged. Expression of dominant-active Akt, reduction of Bad expression by RNA interference, or overexpression of XIAP abrogated the sensitizing effect of ATO. The inhibitory effect of XIAP overexpression was reduced when the Akt phosphorylation site was mutated (XIAP-S87A). These data suggest that the combination of ATO and glucocorticoids could be advantageous in GC-resistant ALL and reveal additional targets for the evaluation of new antileukemic agents.
2B4 inhibits NK-cell fratricide
Authors: Taniguchi Ruth T. , Guzior Dustin , Kumar Vinay 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
2B4 (CD244) and its ligand, CD48, are expressed on all natural killer (NK) cells. In studies using 2B4-deficient, CD48-deficient, or wild-type NK cells with blocking antibodies, we found that in the absence of 2B4-CD48 interactions, activated murine NK cells kill each other. We also show that NK-NK fratricide in the absence of 2B4-CD48 interaction is dependent on perforin both in vitro and in vivo. 2B4 has been reported to have activating, costimulatory, and inhibitory functions on murine NK cells. 2B4-mediated inhibition of NK-cell fratricide explains some of the paradoxes of 2B4 function reported in studies of murine NK cells. We show that in the absence of 2B4 signaling, activated NK cells have defective cytotoxicity and proliferation because of fratricide and not due to the absence of a 2B4-dependent activation signal.
Correlates of exercise motivation and behavior in a population-based sample of endometrial cancer survivors: an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Karvinen Kristina H , Courneya Kerry S , Campbell Kristin L , Pearcey Robert G , Dundas George , Capstick Valerie , Tonkin Katia S 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Despite evidence of the benefits of exercise in cancer survivors, exercise participation rates tend to decline after treatments. Few studies have examined the determinants of exercise in less common cancer sites. In this study, we examined medical, demographic, and social cognitive correlates of exercise in endometrial cancer survivors using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Methods
A mailed survey was completed by 354 endometrial cancer survivors (1 to 10 years postdiagnosis) residing in Alberta, Canada. The study was cross-sectional. Exercise behavior was assessed using the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and the TPB constructs were assessed with standard self-report scales. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine the independent associations of the TPB constructs with intention and behavior.

Results
Chi-square analyses indicated that marital status (p = .003), income level (p = .013), and body mass index (BMI) (p = .020) were associated with exercise. The TPB explained 34.1% of the variance in exercise behavior with intention (β = .38, p < .001) and self-efficacy (β = .18, p = .029) being independent correlates. For intention, 38.3% of the variance was explained by the TPB with self-efficacy (β = .34, p < .001) and affective attitude (β = .30, p < .001) being the independent correlates. The TPB mediated the associations of marital status and BMI with exercise but not income level. Age and BMI moderated the associations of the TPB with intention and behavior.

Conclusion
The TPB may be a useful framework for understanding exercise in endometrial cancer survivors. Exercise behavior change interventions based on the TPB should be tested in this growing population.
Lack of association between celiac disease and dental enamel hypoplasia in a case-control study from an Italian central region
Authors: Procaccini Maurizio , Campisi Giuseppina , Bufo Pantaleo , Compilato Domenico , Massaccesi Claudia , Catassi Carlo , Muzio Lorenzo Lo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundA close correlation between celiac disease (CD) and oral lesions has been reported. The aim of this case-control study was to assess prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), dermatitis herpetiformis and atrophic glossitis in an Italian cohort of patients with CD.MethodsFifty patients with CD and fifty healthy subjects (age range: 3–25 years), matched for age, gender and geographical area, were evaluated by a single trained examiner. Diagnosis of oral diseases was based on typical medical history and clinical features. Histopathological analysis was performed when needed. Adequate univariate statistical analysis was performed.ResultsEnamel hypoplasia was observed in 26% cases vs 16% in controls (p > 0.2; OR = 1.8446; 95% CI = 0.6886: 4.9414). Frequency of RAS in the CD group was significantly higher (36% vs 12%; p = 0.0091; OR = 4.125; 95% CI = 1.4725: 11.552) in CD group than that in controls (36%vs12%). Four cases of atrophic glossitis and 1 of dermatitis herpetiformis were found in CD patientsvs1 and none, respectively, among controls.ConclusionThe prevalence of enamel hypoplasia was not higher in the study population than in the control group. RAS was significantly more frequent in patients with CD.
In vitro binding and survival assays of Leishmania parasites to peripherical blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages isolated from dogs naturally and experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi
Authors: Sampaio Weverton M , Moura Eliane P , Arruda Felipe CS , Ribeiro Raul R , Alves Cíntia F , Melo Ferdinan A , Fernandes Ana Paula SM , Michalick Marilene SM , Melo Maria N , Tafuri Washington L , Tafuri Wagner L 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere are a few works considering the characterization of canine monocyte-derived macrophages as well as a standardized procedure for isolation, culture, and infection of these cells withLeishmania. We have performed several modifications in order to improve the canine monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. In addition, we have done a comparative study between monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages from dogs naturally and experimentally infected withL. chagasi.ResultsIn the presence of exogenous serum, opsonizedLeishmaniapromastigotes binds better to monocytes/macrophages than without serum. Otherwise, this binding occurs due to the strict correlation between the opsonized biologic particles with the third receptor of the complement (CR3-CD11b/CD18). In fact, our assays with CD11b confirmed the importance of this receptor for canine cells and theL. chagasiexperimental system. Moreover, monocytes obtained from naturally infected dogs have shown a higher number of monocytes bounded to promastigotes. The experimental results regarding survival have shown that promastigote forms of opsonizedL. chagasiwere more infective, because we found higher numbers of promastigotes bound to the different cells. As a consequence, after forty-eight hours of binding, higher numbers of amastigotes appeared inside monocyte-macrophages.ConclusionThese studies have given support to continue comparative studies involving canine monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages. Since we have standardized the canine cell culture, we are looking forward to determining the phenotypic properties of these cells before and afterL. chagasiinfection using flow cytometry.
Image as Trace: Speculations about an Undead Paradigm
Authors: Geimer Peter 
Published: May 2007

Translated by Kata Gellenpeter geimer is an art historian and assistant professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (eth) Zürich. His major scholarly interests are the history of photography, image science, the “living image,” and visualization in the natural sciences. Publications in English include the editing of UnDead: Relations between the Living and the Lifeless (Preprint, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin 2003; forthcoming Kadmos, 2007).kata gellen is a PhD candidate in the Department of German at Princeton University. She is currently writing her dissertation on the figure of noise in modern German literature. Her essay “The Opaque Voice: Canetti's Foreign Tongues” is forthcoming in a collection of essays edited by William Donahue and Julian Preece called The Worlds of Elias Canetti (Cambridge Scholars Press, 2007).
Design of Nanocomposite Low‐Friction Coatings
Authors: Wilhelmsson O. , Råsander M. , Carlsson M. , Lewin E. , Sanyal B. , Wiklund U. , Eriksson O. , Jansson U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFriction and wear between moving surfaces is unavoidable and is an important reason for failure of mechanical components. A wear‐resistant and low‐friction coating can prolong the lifetime of an engineered component. Here we demonstrate a new concept for the design of low‐friction nanocomposite carbide coatings with an intrinsic driving force to form amorphous carbon (C–C bonds). Ti–Al–C has been chosen as a model system, but the idea is general and should be applicable to a wide class of materials. The ability to intrinsically form amorphous carbon is achieved by a substitutional solid solution of the weak‐carbide‐forming metal (Al) into the thermodynamically stable monocarbide (TiC). This creates, in a controllable manner, a driving force for phase separation of carbide particles embedded in a matrix of amorphous carbon. In a tribological contact the amorphous carbon can be further graphitized and thereby lower the friction coefficient. Consequently, the model system has a self‐lubricating mechanism but at the same time a tunable share of the two phases, which gives excellent possibilities to design wear resistance and toughness. In this paper we show that the friction coefficient can be lowered by more than 50 % for Al‐containing TiC coatings without severe loss in mechanical characteristics.
Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns with Porphyrins: Nanohybrid Formation and Photoinduced Electron and Energy Transfer
Authors: Pagona G. , Sandanayaka A. S. D. , Araki Y. , Fan J. , Tagmatarchis N. , Charalambidis G. , Coutsolelos A. G. , Boitrel B. , Yudasaka M. , Iijima S. , Ito O. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe covalent attachment of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) to α‐5‐(2‐aminophenyl)‐α‐15‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐10,20‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)‐porphyrin (H2P) via an amide bond is accomplished. The resulting CNH–H2P nanohybrids form a stable inklike solution. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images demonstrate that the original dahlia‐flowerlike superstructure of the CNHs is preserved in the CNH–H2P nanohybrids. Steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence studies show efficient quenching of the excited singlet state of H2P, suggesting that both electron and energy transfer occur from the singlet excited state of H2P to CNHs, depending on the polarity of the solvent. In the case of electron transfer, photoexcitation of H2P results in the reduction of the nanohorns and the simultaneous oxidation of the porphyrin unit. The formation of a charge‐separated state, CNH•––H2P•+, has been corroborated with the help of an electron mediator, hexyl‐viologen dication (HV2+), in polar solvents. Moreover, the charge‐separated CNH•––H2P•+ states have been identified by transient absorption spectroscopy.
A one‐step preparation of compatibilized polypropylene‐nanocomposites by reactive extrusion processing
Authors: Rzaev Z. M. O. , Yilmazbayhan A. , Alper E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have developed a one‐step method for preparing nanocomposites based on powdered isotactic polypropylene (i‐PP) as a matrix polymer (melt‐flow index (MFI) = 7.2 g 10 min−1), oligo(i‐PP‐g‐MA) (MFI = 35–70 g 10 min−1) as a reactive compatibilizer and docecylamine‐surface‐modified montmorillonite clay (organo‐MMT). This method includes grafting maleic anhydride (MA) onto i‐PP chains in the melt state under the controlled thermal degradation conditions and intercalative compounding of the obtained oligo(i‐PP‐g‐MA) with i‐PP and organo‐MMT by reactive extrusion. The effect of extrusion parameters on MFI, composition and properties of the grafted i‐PPs, and mechanism of formation and properties of PP/oligo(PP‐g‐MA)s/organo‐MMT nanocomposites were investigated by FTIR, XRD, and thermal analysis (DSC, TGA, and DTA). The results indicate that the formation of nanostructured morphologies proceeds through the formation of strong H‐bonding and amidization/imidization reactions between the anhydride units of exfoliated grafted i‐PP chain and alkylamine within the organo‐MMT interlayers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 26:41–55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20082
Ueber die höchsten hörbaren und unhörbaren Töne von c5 = 4096 Schwingungen (ut7 = 8192 v s), bis über f9 (fa11), zu 90 000 Schwingungen (180 000 v s), nebst Bemerkungen über die Stosstöne ihrer Intervalle, und die durch sie erzeugten Kundt'schen Staubfiguren
Authors: Koenig Rudolph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractII. Ueber die höchsten Töne, welche man ohne directes Stimmen mit den verschiedenen tönenden Körpern nach der Berechnung ihrer Dimensionen und auch durch mechanisch erzeugte Impulse herstellen kann.
Die Einwirkung magnetischer Felder auf das Wärmeleitvermögen von Gasen. I
Authors: Senftleben Hermann , Pietzner Joachim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDas Wärmeleitvermögen paramagnetischer Gase wird durch Einwirkung magnetischer Felder herabgesetzt. Die Versuchsanordnung zum Nachweis und zur quantitativen Messung dieses Effektes wird beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der Messungen werden mitgeteilt und diskutiert.
Die Reibung, Wärmeleitung und Diffusion in Gasmischungen. XXVI. Die innere Reibung von Propylen und β‐Butylen und von ihren Mischungen mit He oder H2
Authors: Trautz Max , Husseini Ishaq 
Published: May 2007

AbstractI. Messungsverfahren. ‐ II. Ergebnisse: a) Reingase; b) Gemische. ‐ III. Zusammenfassung.
Ein Zustandsdiagramm für Gemische aus beliebig vielen Bestandteilen
Authors: Fischer V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird ein ebenes orthogonales Diagramm für Gemische aus beliebig vielen Bestandteilen entwickelt. Am Beispiel des Gemisches Stickstoff‐Sauerstoff‐Argon‐Kohlenoxyd wird gezeigt, wie sich in einem solchen Diagramm die Gleichgewichtsisobaren des Vierstoffgemisches darstellen lassen.