bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2-Amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A new series of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Sainy Jitendra , Chaturvedi Subhash 
Published: December 2008

2-Amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A new series of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorsA new series of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with 2-amino--5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole as the central scaffold unit has been synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral methods. Compounds were screened for cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity by the colorimetric COX (ovine) inhibitor screening assay, anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenean induced rat paw oedema test and analgesic activity by the tail flick method. Some compounds exhibited significant biological activity.
A study of rivastigmine liposomes for delivery into the brain through intranasal route
Authors: Arumugam Karthik , Subramanian Ganesa , Mallayasamy Surulivel , Averineni Ranjith , Reddy Meka , Udupa Nayanabhirama 
Published: December 2008

A study of rivastigmine liposomes for delivery into the brain through intranasal routeThe present study is mainly aimed at delivering a drug into the brainviathe intranasal route using a liposomal formulation. For this purpose, rivastigmine, which is used in the management of Alzheimer's disease, was selected as a model drug. Conventional liposomes were formulated by the lipid layer hydration method using cholesterol and soya lecithin as lipid components. The concentration of rivastigmine in brain and plasma after intranasal liposomes, free drug and per oral administration was studied in rat models. A significantly higher level of drug was found in the brain with intranasal liposomes of rivastigmine compared to the intranasal free drug and the oral route. Intranasal liposomes had a longer half-life in the brain than intranasally or orally administered free drug. Delivering rivastigmine liposomes through the intranasal route for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease might be a new approach to the management of this condition.
Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for determination of ceftazidime in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Hiremath Basavaraj , Mruthyunjayaswamy Bennikallu 
Published: December 2008

Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for determination of ceftazidime in pharmaceutical dosage formsTwo spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ceftazidime (CFZM) in either pure form or in its pharmaceutical formulations are described. The first method is based on the reaction of 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone (MBTH) with ceftazidime in the presence of ferric chloride in acidic medium. The resulting blue complex absorbs at λmax628 nm. The second method describes the reaction between the diazotized drug andN-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) to yield a purple colored product with λmaxat 567 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum color intensity. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing the concentration of CFZM; the systems obeyed the Beer's law in the range 2-10 and 10-50 μg mL-1for MBTH and NEDA methods, resp.LOD, LOQand correlation coefficient values were 0.15, 0.79 and 0.50, 2.61. No interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods are simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for quality control applications.
3D-QSAR studies for the binding affinity toward (R, S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)-propionic acid receptor
Authors: Sharma Ritesh , Thakar Hardik , Vasu Kamala , Chaturvedi Subhash 
Published: December 2008

3D-QSAR studies for the binding affinity toward (R, S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)-propionic acid receptorAn approach for binding affinity evaluation is suggested and exemplified using a set of triazolo [1,5-a] quinoxaline for the (R, S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol--4-yl)-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor. Biological activity toward the AMPA receptor (expressed as --logIC50) was taken as a dependent variable for building Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) models. The resulting models show the ways of increasing the binding affinity to the AMPA receptor as a potential target for epilepsy. The statistically significant results show that the cross-validatedr2CVvalue (0.766) for the CoMFA model is greater than (0.758) for the CoMSIA model. The non-cross validated run giving the coefficient of determinationr2values of 0.944 and 0.919 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively, provided good correlation between the observed and computed affinities of the training set compounds. The resulting CoMFA and CoMSIA models indicate that steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic (lipophilic), hydrogen bond donor and acceptor substituents play a significant role in increasing the binding affinity and selectivity of the compounds toward the AMPA receptor.
Development and in vitro evaluation of an acid buffering bioadhesive vaginal gel for mixed vaginal infections
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Alam Mohd , Khan Zeenat , Khar Roop , Ali Mushir 
Published: December 2008

Development andin vitroevaluation of an acid buffering bioadhesive vaginal gel for mixed vaginal infectionsAn acid buffering bioadhesive vaginal (ABBV) gel was developed for the treatment of mixed vaginal infections. Different bioadhesive polymers were evaluated on the basis of their bioadhesive strength, stability and drug release properties. Bioadhesion and release studies showed that guar gum, xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcelullose K4M formed a good combination of bioadhesive polymers to develop the ABBV gel. Monosodium citrate was used as an acid buffering agent to provide acidic pH (4.4). The drugs clotrimazole (antifungal) and metronidazole (antiprotozoal as well as antibacterial) were used in the formulation along withLactobacillusspores to treat mixed vaginal infections. Theex vivoretention study showed that the bioadhesive polymers hold the gel for 12-13 hours inside the vaginal tube. Results of thein vitroantimicrobial study indicated that the ABBV gel had better antimicrobial action than the commercial intravaginal drug delivery systems and retention was prolonged in anex vivoretention experiment.
Effect of ampicillin and chloroquine on humoral immune response elicited by bovine albumin encapsulated in liposomes
Authors: Madan Jitender , Kaushik Dinesh , Sardana Satish , Mishra Dina , Singh Shalinder , Singh Binod 
Published: December 2008

Effect of ampicillin and chloroquine on humoral immune response elicited by bovine albumin encapsulated in liposomesImmune suppression resulting from chemoprophylaxis and potential drug interaction were investigated in experimental animals pre-medicated with ampicillin and chloroquine followed by immunization with bovine serum albumin bearing liposomes prepared by the reverse phase evaporation method. The prepared liposomes were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency andin vitrorelease. Humoral immune response was measured in terms of systemic IgG antibody titre by the ELISA method. The present study showed that 7:3 molar ratio of soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol produced liposomes of mean diameter of 235.4 ± 10.3 nm and entrapment efficiency of 41.3 ± 3.2%. Ampicillin significantly (p< 0.05) decreased the antibody titre whereas chloroquine did not reduce the antibody titre significantly. The study will help in programming a new drug management and in characterization of vaccine-drug interaction.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones/thiones as potent anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: Amir Mohammad , Javed Sadique , Kumar Harish 
Published: December 2008

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones/thiones as potent anti-inflammatory agents
Twelve new 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ones/thiones (7-18) have been synthesized by reacting 1-aryl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-propen-1-one with urea and thiourea in ethanolic potassium hydroxide. Their structures have been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. The compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Test results revealed that compounds showed 49.5 to 70.7% anti-inflammatory activity where-as the standard drug ibuprofen showed 86.4% activity at the same oral dose. Four compounds, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one (8), 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one (10), 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-thione (14), 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-thione (16), that showed significant anti-inflammatory activity were selected to study their ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation activities. All tested compounds showed significant reduction in the ulcerogenic potential and lipid peroxidation compared to the standard drug ibuprofen.
Dry Grasslands in the Slovenský Kras MTS (Slovakia) and the Aggteleki-karszt MTS (Hungary) — A Comparison of Two Classification Approaches
Authors: Dübravková-Michálková Daniela , JanišOvá Monika , Kolbek Jiří , Šuvada Róbert , Virók Viktor , Zaliberová Mária 
Published: December 2008

Dry Grasslands in the Slovenský Kras MTS (Slovakia) and the Aggteleki-karszt MTS (Hungary) — A Comparison of Two Classification ApproachesThe paper brings numerical classification of 48 new phytosociological relevés of dry grassland vegetation from the Slovenský kras Mts and the Aggteleki-karszt Mts located on the border between Slovakia and Hungary (Central Europe). We performed a comparison of two classification approaches (an unsupervised method - modified TWINSPAN, and a supervised approach - electronic expert system based on formal definitions of associations), which were applied on the same dataset. Four associations were distinguished:Campanulo divergentiformis-Festucetum pallentisZólyomi (1936) 1966,Poo badensis-Caricetum humilis(Dostál 1933) Soó ex Michálková in Janišová et al. 2007,Alysso heterophylli-Festucetum valesiacae(Dostál 1933) Kliment in Kliment et al. 2000 andFestuco rupicolae-Caricetum humilisKlika 1939. A newly recorded stand of the rareStipetum tirsaeMeusel 1938 association is characterised. What is more, we established a neotype of theAlysso heterophylli-Festucetum valesiacaeassociation.
Application of Monetary Models of Exchange Rate Determination for Poland
Authors: Hsing Yu 
Published: December 2008

Application of Monetary Models of Exchange Rate Determination for PolandThe zloty/USD exchange rate is examined based on the Dornbusch model, the Bilson model, the Frenkel model, and the Frankel model. Empirical results show that the coefficient of the relative money supply is positive and significant, that the coefficient of the relative output is negative and significant, and that the Bilson model or the Frenkel model applies to Poland. Hence, the nominal exchange rate is positively affected by the relative interest rate and the relative expected inflation rate. The Balassa-Samuelson effect is confirmed in both models. The Bilson model has a smaller root mean squared error or mean absolute percent error than the Frenkel model.
Farm and Non-farm Incomes of Rural Households in Slovenia Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Möllers Judith , Fritzsch Jana , Buchenrieder Gertrud 
Published: December 2008

Farm and Non-farm Incomes of Rural Households in Slovenia Canonical Correlation AnalysisThis paper provides an analysis of socio-economic characteristics and their influence on farm and non-farm incomes of rural households in Slovenia. With the canonical correlation analysis we use a methodological approach that offers a true multivariate procedure for both sides of the equation. It thus goes beyond a simple pair-wise correlation analysis and also beyond multiple correlation analysis. This rather rarely used statistical method offers interesting insights into many fields of analytical applications. Our results confirm that rural households usually turn towards non-farm employment if distress-push factors prevail. Besides insufficient farm incomes, large household sizes push households into non-farm diversification. Employment opportunities in the non-farm sector- regardless of whether triggered by distress in the household or demand in the non-farm sector- depend strongly on education.
Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees' Organizational Commitment in Lithuanian Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Bučiūnienė Ilona , Škudienė Vida 
Published: December 2008

Impact of Leadership Styles on Employees' Organizational Commitment in Lithuanian Manufacturing CompaniesThis article investigates the relationship between employees' organizational commitment dimensions and leadership styles in Lithuanian manufacturing companies. The findings of the study reveal positive correlations between a transformational leadership style and affective and normative employee commitments. A laissez-faire leadership style was found to be negatively associated with employees' affective commitment.
HRM in Transition Economies: The Case of Serbia
Authors: Milikić Biljana , Janićijević Nebojša , Petković Mirjana 
Published: December 2008

HRM in Transition Economies: The Case of SerbiaWhile the convergence vs. divergence debate has gained broad recognition among both HRM scholars and practitioners, it seems that a closer insight into current HRM developments in the South Eastern European transition economies has yet to be achieved. This paper, therefore, aims to highlight current HRM practices in Serbia and address possibilities for implementing the North American HRM model in a highly incompatible cultural setting. Investigation of HRM practices in Serbia is based on the "CRANET survey on Strategic International HRM" (Brewster et al., 2004) and on interviews with the HR managers of 38 randomly selected companies operating in Serbia. The Serbian national culture has been included a priori in the initial research design as an explanatory variable. Research findings suggest that both the incompetence of HR managers and professionals, as well as a slow-moving transition, need to be carefully considered to explain the distinctiveness of HRM in transition economies. On the other hand, national culture seems to be a key obstacle to the achievement of full convergence of performance appraisal and performance-related pay.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilators
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Carron Rosalia , La Calle Carmen , Jindal Dharam , Bansal Ranju 
Published: December 2008

Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted-6-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilatorsThe present study describes the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-substituted-6-(4-acylaminophenyl)-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent inodilating agents. The synthesis of target compounds2-4and7-11was achieved by Friedel-Crafts acylation of appropriate anilide derivative with succinic anhydride or methylsuccinic anhydride and subsequent cyclization of intermediary keto acids with various hydrazine derivatives. The newly synthesized pyridazinone derivatives were evaluated for cardiotonic activity using isolated rat atria and for vasorelaxant activity using descending thoracic aortic rings of Wistar rats precontracted with phenylephrine (10-6mol L-1). 6-(4-Methanesulfonamidophenyl)-2-phenyl-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one (7) exhibited significant inodilatory properties and showed vasorelaxant activity in a nanomolar range (IC50= 0.08 ± 0.01 μmol L-1).
L'image, vecteur de socialité
Authors: Rabot Jean-Martin 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Ceux qui dans une perspective critique vouent l’imaginaire à une forme d’aliénation ne peuvent comprendre que l’image puisse devenir un vecteur de socialités. L’importance que la diffusion des images revêt dans la postmodernité est le signe d’une intensification des communions humaines. Aussi faut-il lire dans le foisonnement présent des images (iconiques, publicitaires, télévisuelles, virtuelles, etc.) l’indice d’une appartenance tribale fondée sur le partage des émotions et d’une « remythologisation » par le biais de l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies.
Introduction à la sociologie visuelle
Authors: La Rocca Fabio 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Quelle est la place de l’image dans notre société ? L’intérêt porté à la dimension visuelle du monde social est de plus en plus au centre de l’attention des sciences sociales. L’image se révèle comme un signe distinctif de la postmodernité et s’insère dans le discours méthodologique des sciences sociales avec l’entrée en scène de la sociologie visuelle, qui peut être considérée comme a new postmodern research method . L’utilisation de l’image comme outil de recherche aide le chercheur à comprendre mieux le monde social et permet une représentation plus ample de la réalité sociale.
Vol d'images, images en vol. L'intermédialité et l'imitation au secours des superhéros
Authors: Haver Gianni , Meyer Michaël 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’invention du genre « superhéros » est liée au développement des comic books , forme spécifique de la bande dessinée américaine, à la fin des années 1930. Cependant, cette nouveauté suppose la cristallisation et la réinvention d’un vaste ensemble de codes visuels qui dépasse largement son support principal. Parti d’images spécifiques, nous ne pouvons qu’aboutir à l’exploration d’un univers visuel multiple et intermédiatique. Sans cela, l’étude des images de comic books risque de servir uniquement de confirmation à des savoirs déjà établis, plutôt que nous apprendre quelque chose sur la société qui les produit et les consomme.
Images médicales entre art et science
Authors: Horio Monteiro Rosana 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet article est une partie d’un travail en cours, qui vise à étudier les interactions entre l’art et les images scientifiques. Il évoque notamment les œuvres de l’artiste brésilienne Monica Mansur et explore des questions telles que : comment les images de rayons X, d’endoscopie, d’ultrason, de tomographie interagissent-elles avec les interprétations culturelles et comment sont-elles réappliquées dans le contexte non médical ? Comment les concepts de public et de privé sont-ils (re)signifiés ? Comment les corps scientifiques médicalisés sont-ils (re)construits dans le scénario artistique ? Les images sont conçues comme des objets culturels.
La perception de l'hyperville : du nomadisme contextuel vers l'errance hypertextuelle
Authors: Bello Marcano Manuel 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Les pratiques actuelles du fait urbain mettent en évidence un démembrement de la perception urbaine et constituent, en conséquence, une incidence dans la composition et la morphologie de nos villes contemporaines. Ainsi le nomadisme, comportement archétypique de l’homme au long de l’histoire et phénomène fétiche du présent, semble passer du contexte à l’hypertexte dans son rapport à l’espace urbain. Manifestations d’ubiquité, de réseaux et d’émotions, commencent à structurer la ville d’aujourd’hui. Alors, quels seront les éléments qui permettront la compréhension et la perception de cette hyperville contemporaine ?
Les monuments post-communistes de Bucarest entre « espace public » et « espace social »
Authors: Lazea Andrea 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’espace social urbain se crée dans la jonction entre les actions publiques et privées relatives à l’espace public et à l’expérience quotidienne de cet espace. L’élément qui lie l’« espace public » et l’« espace social » est l’accessibilité, c’est-à-dire la capacité de l’espace urbain physique de communiquer avec les citadins, de se faire accepter et de participer à la vie urbaine. Dans cet article sont présentés les résultats d’une recherche menée sur les commandes des monuments post-communistes de Bucarest, dans cette perspective relationnelle. La notion de « sphère publique » est aussi investiguée en relation avec la production des monuments.
Hypermobilités et territorialisation. Une fiction ?
Authors: Pascual Juan Emilio , Sferco Senda Inés 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Notre travail analyse la mobilité comme une question politique clé pour comprendre nos mondes contemporains. Les transformations des rapports de pouvoir biopolitiques actuelles tracent un horizon où le contrôle sur les personnes apparaît de plus en plus signé par la territorialité et la distinction « dedans »/« dehors ». Pour focaliser ces questions qui deviennent centrales pour repenser les corps et leur mobilité, nous récupérons l’imagination de futur présentée par le film Code 46 , de Michael Winterbottom, et posons la question suivante : est-il possible de penser une hypermobilité « immobile » quand le contrôle surpasse et incorpore les dispositifs sémiotiques/idéologiques et s’installe au cœur des corps vivants ?
« La prostitution est un métier ». Paroles croisées
Authors: Delory-Momberger Christine 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Dans un entretien à plusieurs voix avec Christine Delory-Momberger, des travailleuses du sexe de divers pays européens évoquent les conditions dans lesquelles elles exercent aujourd’hui leur activité professionnelle ; elles soulignent la dimension sociale et psychologique de la prostitution, affirment leur implication personnelle (voire intime et sexuelle) et mettent l’accent sur les compétences et les valeurs requises pour l’exercice de leur métier.
Understanding the market dynamics of entrepreneurial networks
Authors: Ng Desmond 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Austrian economic explanations of market processes have gained considerable attention by management researchers. A central tenet of the Austrian school is that non-equilibrium market processes are primarily attributed to the subjective behaviors of entrepreneurs. Yet, human actions are not only determined by entrepreneur’s unique preferences and experiences, but they are also determined by the actions of connected others. As a result, subjective explanations of market processes are extended to account for the social relationships of human action. A conceptual model that underscores the social networks of subjective and alert entrepreneurs was developed and examined in an agent based-simulation setting. The contributions and implications of this study are also discussed.
Innovation and collaboration in traditional food chain networks
Authors: Gellynck Xavier , Kühne Bianka 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
This paper aims to explore innovations implemented by SMEs in the traditional food sector and how chain network members are contributing to this process. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with suppliers, food manufacturers and customers in three European countries with different cultural backgrounds (Italy, Hungary and Belgium). The results show that the members of traditional food chain networks focus mainly on product innovation and least on organisational innovation. Collaboration between the chain network members is an important factor for enhancing the innovation competence of the firms. However, the collaboration intensity depends on the position of the members in the chain network. Further studies could focus on quantitative research to determine whether a higher level of collaboration among all chain network members leads to a higher level of innovation competence in SMEs. Moreover, the direction of the relationship between innovation competence and collaboration should be explored.