bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular surface retention time and extensions of TFBUT of a lubricating eye drop
Authors: IPINAZAR UNDURRAGA M , OUSLER III GW , SCHINDELAR MR , PAUGH J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The tear film in subjects with ocular dryness is often unstable and incapable of maintaining the protective qualities that are intrinsic to its structure and function. Until recently, lubricating eye drops have provided only transient relief from ocular dryness. The purpose of these studies is to determine if a lubricating eye drop, containing PG/PEG/HP‐Guar, will extend ocular protection. Methods: To compare the ocular residence time of lubricating eye drops, subjects with dry feeling eyes were administered a solution of Fluoroscein Isothiocyanate‐dextran mixed with a the eye drops. The residence time was measured by a scanning fluorometer. To compare TFBUT, subjects with moderately dry feeling eyes were administered a single drop of a lubricating eye drop. After instillation, TFBUT was measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes. Results: Tear film retention of the PG/PEG/HP‐Guar product was significantly greater than a HPMC and a CMC lubricating eye drop. The product containing PG/PEG/HP‐Guar was measured in the tear film as much as 37 minutes post instillation, while the HPMC and CMC drops were only 25 and 23 minutes, respectively. The PG/PEG/HP‐Guar tear yielded a significantly greater increase in TFBUT from baseline at 45, 60, and 90 minutes post‐installation compared to eyes dosed with a CMC/Glycerin drop. Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be postulated that the extended duration of retention observed with the PG/PEG/HP‐Guar tear allows the necessary time for restructuring of the unstable tear film into a more stable tear film. This leads to a long‐term tear film stabilization and enhancement of TFBUT and ultimately, extended ocular surface protection
Relation of crystallin and ischemia/Reperfusion injury model of the rat retina
Authors: YANG YUNSIK , JANG JEONGUN , BAHK SONGCHUL , KIM JAEDUCK , CHUNG HUNTAEG 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Ischemic damage of organs has hypoxic stress and reperfusion of the organs induces oxidative stress. Crystallin family is known as a protector of various kind of stress. We wanted to investigated crystallin expression and what kind of crystallin is associated to the ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R injury) of retina. Methods: Twenty four Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. I/R injury was made by clamping optic nerve with central retina artery for 30min and then set free. Groups were divided into normal control, 24h and 72h after I/R injury, 24h and 72h after I/R injury with pretreatment of Sn(IV) protoporphyrin IX dichloride(SnPP) and 24h, 48h and 72h after I/R injury with pretreatment of hemin. All of the vitreous bodies were obtained and two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) was performed. Results: Twenty‐three spots were identified by MALDI‐TOF/MS. Anti alpha A‐, alpha B‐, beta‐, phospho (ser19)‐alpha B‐, phospho (ser45)‐alpha B‐, phospho (ser59)‐alpha B‐crystallin, extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2), phospho‐ERK1/2 and heme oxigenase‐1 (HO‐1) antibody were used for Western blotting.Beta‐crystallins were increased 1.7 fold and 1.3 fold in the groups of I/R injury and I/R injury with SnPP pretreatment, respectively. Interestingly, I/R injured vitreous body showed the increased ERK1/2. However, I/R injured vitreous body pretreated with hemin for 24 h showed highly phosphorylated ERK1/2. Conclusions: This result might indicate that crystallin family is related to I/R injury. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was related with the hemin pretreatment.
Mapping candidate genes for familial high myopia in a polish population
Authors: RYDZANICZ MA , PODFIGURNA‐MUSIELAK M , MRUGACZ M , FRAJDENBERG A , LEAL SM , BEJJANI BA , GAJECKA M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Myopia is the most common of all ocular conditions. The etiology of myopia is not known; in high myopia (myopia in excess of ‐ 6.0 diopters), genetic factors appear to play a predominant role. The purpose of this study is to map a gene(s) responsible for high myopia in Polish families. Methods: To date, we have collected blood and purified genomic DNA from 418 individuals from 51 Polish unrelated high myopia families. A simulation study was performed to evaluate whether there is sufficient power to detect linkage in the ascertained pedigrees. Then, using DNA samples from 22 families we performed two series of experiments. First, to exclude specific syndromes associated with myopia in Polish families, we tested linkage to Stickler syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Knobloch syndrome and juvenile open‐angle glaucoma. Next, we searched for linkage to the high myopia‐associated loci [18p11.31 (MYP2), 12q21‐23 (MYP3), 7q36 (MYP4), 17q21‐23 (MYP5), 2q37, 4q22‐4q27 (MYP11), 3q26 (MYP8), 4q12 (MYP9), 8p23 (MYP10) and 10q21.1]. Additionally we performed the genotyping to test the linkage for mild/moderate myopia established in Ashkenazi Jewish families [22q12 (MYP6] and to the PAX6 gene region reported for dizygotic twins [11p13 (MYP7)]. Results: Simulation studies show that sufficient power exists to establish linkage in collected pedigrees (α=0.4, EMLOD=4.12). Linkage to Stickler syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Knobloch syndrome, juvenile glaucoma loci and to any of the candidate genes were excluded. Genome wide screen is in progress. Conclusions: We have identified, collected and characterized a large cohort of polish families with high myopia and excluded previously suggested principal genetic cause of this phenotype.
Ocular surface in dry eye patients is improved after one month therapy with Systane
Authors: VERSURA P , PROFAZIO V , CAMPOS EC 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Systane® Lubricating Eye Drops (Alcon Forth Worth, Inc.) is designed to provide relief from dry eye by means of longer retention time on the ocular surface, based on the presence of the combination of PEG400_PG and HP‐Guar (gelling hydroxypropyl‐Guar) which is believed to mimic the mucin layer of tear film. The effect of Systane was evaluated in an open trial on subjects with moderate symptoms. Methods: A total of 50 subjects were enrolled (age 57.6±15.4; 40 women, 10 men) ; inclusion criteria were based on a tear break‐up time (TBUT) < 10 sec without corneal epithelial staining. Six symptoms of ocular irritation were rated on a four‐point scale. Conjunctival hyperemia was graded. Patients were instructed to instill Systane four times a day for four weeks.. Satisfaction with the product was rated at the end of the study. Media of results in both eyes was considered for statistical evaluation; the Wilcoxon test for paired data was applied, p< 0,05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: All patients regularly instilled Systane and completed the follow‐up; results are expressed baseline vs endpoint. Significant reduction was demonstrated for ocular irritation symptom scores (1.44 vs 0.94, p 0.0001) while improvement was shown for patient’s satisfaction score (3.41 vs 3.94, p 0.0001) and TBUT (6.9±0.9 vs 8.5±1.5 sec, p 0.0001). A significantly increased proportion of patients with normal conjunctival injection (10 vs 22, results in %, p 0.01) was observed after one month follow up. Conclusions: Systane proved effective in reducing the symptoms of dry eye and it was overall well accepted. This finding is likely to be related with improved stability of tear film, due to the protective viscous layer bound to the corneal surface.
Repair of corneal endothelium after mechanical damage under tissue culture and hypothermic conditions
Authors: NEJEPINSKA J , JUKLOVA K , JIRSOVA K 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the reparative capacity of corneas with mechanically induced endothelial damage stored under tissue culture (TC) or hypothermic conditions. Methods: 8 pairs of human corneas with similar kvalitative and kvantitative endothelial parameters were used. An area of 0,8 mm2 in the central endothelium was damaged by a flat metal tool. The paired corneas were stored under TC (E‐MEM, 31˚C) or hypothermic (Optisol, 4˚C) conditions. The endothelial cell density (ECD), and the percentage of dead cells were assessed using a Lucia computer analysis system before and after damage and on days 7, 14 and 21 following 12 hours of deswelling in a medium containing 5% dextran. Results: The mean ECD before damage was 2769±394/mm2. Immediately after the damage, a Descemet’s membrane denuded and dead cells were observed in the injured area. After 7 days of culture, polymeghatism and pleomorphism were observed in the central cornea, instead of little damage in the pericentral area. After 14 days, no damage or dead cells were observed in the injured area. ECD was 2229±470/mm2 and 2156±417/mm2 after 7 and 14 days of TC storage, respectively. A lesion with dead cells was observed after 7 and 14 days of hypothermic storage. The endothelium was completely repaired at day 21 in TC, while in hypothermy the corneas were cloudy and in poor condition. Conclusions: The reparative capacity of the cornea is maintained under TC but not under hypothermic conditions. TC is therefore “the method of choice” for the storage of corneas with higher number of dead cells.
The comparison of the quality score of IOP and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) values measured by dynamic contour tonometer
Authors: BOGHOSSIAN P , BERKOUK K , DETRY‐ MOREL M , POURJAVAN S 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) is designed to measure the IOP independently of the corneal properties. It is foreseen of a digital LCD screen which displays the IOP, the OPA and the quality score (Q) of measurements varying from 1 (excellent) to 5 (poor). The manufacturer recommends discarding the IOP and OPA values with Q4 and 5. The aim of our study was to assess if IOP and OPA measurements with Q3 are acceptable for clinical and research purposes. Methods: 2 consecutive GAT IOP measurements were followed after 10 minutes break by 3 consecutive DCT IOP measurements in 210 patients. Only 85 patients who had IOP and OPA values with Q score 1, 2 and 3 were included in this sub‐study.The mean DCT IOP and OPA were taken for the statistical analyzes. DCT IOP Q3 was separately compared with Q2 and Q1 values. DCT IOP Q1 and Q2 were compared as well. The same comparison was performed for OPA. The Pearson correlation was used for correlation assessment. Results: The mean age was 56±14 years. The mean IOP with GAT was 18.2±4.4 mmHg. The mean IOP Q3, Q2 and Q1 were respectively 17.8±3.3, 17.5±3.3 and 17.5±3.4 mmHg. The mean OPA Q3, Q2 and Q1 were respectively 2.5±1.0, 2.5±1.0 and 2.5±0.9 mmHg.The Pearson correlation for DCT IOP Q3‐2, DCT IOP Q3‐1 and DCT IOP Q2‐1 were equal to 0.9 (r= 0.28, p<0.01).The Pearson correlation for OPA Q3‐2 was: 0.8, for OPA Q3‐1: 0.7 and for OPA Q2‐1: 0.8. The difference between these value were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The IOP and the OPA values with Q 1, 2 or 3 measured by DCT are not significantly different and can be taken into account for clinical and research purposes.
Autofluorescence and histological findings in cancer‐associated retinopathy caused by small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: SKET KONTESTABILE A , BRECELJ J , PIZEM J , ADAMUS G , HAWLINA M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To present clinical and histological features of lipofuscin autofluorescence of the retinal pigment epithelium‐RPE in a patient with cancer associated retinopathy‐CAR,a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by small cell lung carcinoma‐SCLC. Methods: 78 year‐old man with SCLC suffered bilateral blindness.Autofluorescence imaging was done using Topcon fundus camera and,post mortem,light microscopy with autofluorescence and electron microscopy of the retina were done.Retinal photography,fluorescein angiography,electrophysiology and auto‐antibody assay were also performed in vivo. Results: Autofluorescence imaging showed diffuse hyperfluorescence suggesting accumulation of lipofuscin in the RPE,and few hypofluorescent atrophic regions due to age‐related changes.Autofluorescence microscopy showed lipofuscin accumulation in the RPE and electron microscopy revealed predominance of lipofuscin granules over melanin pigment.Western blot analysis was positive for anti‐recoverin antibodies.The electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials were non‐detectable.Histology showed complete loss of photoreceptor layer and outer nuclear layer as well as decrease in number of nuclei in the inner nuclear layer with no inflammation.Fluorescein angiography revealed severe atherosclerosis with no occlusions and patchy atrophic changes with no leakage. Conclusions: In CAR,in vivo autofluorescence imaging showed diffuse hyperfluorescence suggesting increased phagocytic activity and lipofuscin accumulation due to autophagy of the destroyed photoreceptors in the RPE by autoantibody‐induced apoptosis,which was confirmed ex vivo by autofluorescence of lipofuscin in histological sections and by electron microscopy.
The influence of selective laser trabeculoplasty on diurnal intraocular pressure in POAG
Authors: KOTHY P , TOTH M , HOLLO G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the influence of SLT on mean diurnal IOP (mean‐IOP) and diurnal IOP fluctuation. Methods: 26 eyes of 13 POAG patients underwent a 4‐week washout before baseline diurnal IOP curve. Standard 360° SLT was performed. IOP was controlled at week 1 and month 1. The IOP curve was repeated after 3 and 6 months. IOP lowering medication was started (failure) if mean‐IOP was higher than 22 mmHg or any single IOP value exceeded 26 mmHg at any visit. Results: Post‐treatment IOP elevation >5 mm Hg was found in 16 eyes (62%). An at least 20% decrease of the mean‐IOP was not reached. Baseline mean‐IOP and diurnal IOP fluctuation (mean+/‐SD) were higher for the 11 eyes requiring medication before the month 3 visit than for the other eyes (mean IOP: 28.8+/‐5.2 mmHg vs. 20.8+/‐3.1 mmHg, unpaired t‐test, p<0.0001; IOP fluctuation: 9.5+/‐3.7 mmHg vs. 6.8+/‐1.9 mmHg, p=0.0423). For the eyes with no medication mean‐IOP changed from 19.3 ± 1.4 mmHg (baseline) to 18.6 ± 1.4 mmHg (month 3, Duncan test, p=0.090) and to 18.2 ± 2.0 mmHg (month 6, p=0.017). No difference was seen between month 3 and 6 (p=0.351). Diurnal IOP fluctuation decreased from 7.2 ± 2.3 mmHg (baseline) to 4.3 ± 1.7 mmHg (month 3, p=0.0004) and to 5.1 ± 1.7 mmHg (month 6, p=0.004). No difference was found between the month 3 and the month 6 values (p=0.225). Conclusions: SLT resulted in a decrease of the mean diurnal IOP and the diurnal IOP fluctuation.
The sensitivity of OCT in the diagnosis of clinically significant macular edema
Authors: VAN DIJK HW , KOK PHB , ABRAMOFF MD , SCHLINGEMANN RO , BERNARDES R , VERBRAAK FD 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To optimize the sensitivity of OCT in the diagnosis of clinically significant macularedema (CSME) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: The retinal thickness (RT) of patients with diabetes mellitus and a clinical diagnosis of CSME based on biomicroscopy was measured with the time‐domain StratusOCT and the spectral‐domain Topcon OCT. We defined RT as pathological if (1) the difference was 2 standard deviation above the mean RT using the normative database provided by Zeiss (standard approach) or (2) local abnormalities were seen on the StratusOCT topographic map optimized with additional scanlines, an adjusted false color scale and 3D representation or (3) the spectral domain OCT 3D and B‐scan images showed intra‐retinal fluid. Results: In total 50 patients were analyzed. Using the standard approach, OCT missed thediagnosis of CSME in 20 patients. On the optimized Stratus OCT topographic map the diagnosis CSME was missed in 9 patients. When looking for intra‐retinal fluid on the spectral domain OCT 3D and B‐scan images, OCT missed the diagnosis CSME in 7 patients. Conclusions: Even after the optimization of the StratusOCT topographic map or with the spectral domain OCT there was a difference in diagnosis of CSME between OCT and biomicroscopy. This difference in diagnosis could be explained by false‐positives based on biomicroscopy or false‐negatives based on OCT. Future studies are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of this difference.
Bio‐avalibale zinc in the outer segments of short wavelength cones
Authors: LENGYEL I , ONWOCHEI N 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Zinc has been postulated to play a role in both normal and degenerative processes in the retina. Often these processes require zinc that is tightly bound to enzymes. However, new evidences indicate that the presence of bio‐available zinc is a better indicator for the involvemnt of zinc in retinal fuctions. Using autometallography on sectioned tissues suggested that bio‐available zinc is absent in photoreceptor outer segments. The purpose of this study was to re‐examine this observation using a zinc selective fluorescence probe and freshly dissected, flat mounted retinae . Methods: Following deep anesthesia and decapitation, dark‐adapted retinae were immediately dissected from rat, goldfish and chicken eyes and flat mounted with the photoreceptor up. The retinae were immediately labeled with the zinc‐specific fluorescent probe ZP1 (Neurobiotex, USA). Readily releasable zinc was visualized using fluorescent and confocal microscopy. Results: Only a subset of photoreceptor outer segments were labeled by ZP1 in rat retinae (>0.5 %). This labelling was localized to a subset of the cones. The cone localization of this labeling was confirmed by using goldfish retinae where the cones are readily distinguishable from rods morphologically. To identify the subtype of zinc postive cones we labeled chicken retinae where the characteristic oil droplets within the cones identify their sub‐type. Here zinc appeared to be localized to short wavelength cone outer segments. Conclusions: This is the first demonstration that bio‐available zinc is present in photoreceptor outer segments. The specific localization to short wavelength cones suggest that zinc plays a selective role in visual processing of short wavelength light.
A new heavy internal tamponade in vitreoretinal surgery: an in vitro study
Authors: MICHELONE L , FANNI D , FANTIN A , PAOLONI M , TOGNETTO D , RAVALICO G 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To study the solubility of perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8) in silicone oil (PDMS 1000 – polydimethylsiloxane 1000) and to measure the viscosity and the specific gravity of this mixture. Methods: The solubility diagram of the mixture was obtained with the turbidimetric method, indicating the miscibility of F6H8 and silicone oil 1000 at all the useful temperatures. The viscosity was measured in steady shear conditions by using a controlled stress rheometer (Haake RS150) and a double cone/plate (DC 60/4) system, both at 25 and 37°C for different volume percent compositions of the mixture. The specific gravity was measured at 37° using a digital densimeter. Results: A mixture of F6H8 v30% and PDMS 70 v% was found to be transparent and stable at all the useful temperatures. By combining these proportions of the two substances a resultant density of 1.06 g.cm‐3 was obtained. The viscosity of the 30% F6H8 mixture was 203 mPas at 25°C and 163 mPas at 37°C respectively. Conclusions: The ideal F6H8 and silicon oil mixture can be obtained combining 30% of F6H8 with 70% of silicon oil 1000.
Family with Brittle Cornea Syndrome
Authors: TOSOUNIDIS IH , MCKEAG D , AU L , AUTALLAH S , BLACK GC , BONSHEK RE 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: We present a case of a 29‐year‐old woman presenting with corneal rupture after minor trauma. This is the third person in the same family with corneal rupture and other features of brittle cornea syndrome (BCS). This is the largest known family with this syndrome and the age at corneal rupture is the oldest described. Methods: A 29‐year‐old woman presented with left corneal rupture evoked by minor trauma and received left evisceration and implant. Two of her younger sisters had also presented with corneal rupture when they were 3 and 4 years old. They had also blue sclera and several bone problems and they suffered ear problems. Another sister is known to have bilateral ketatoconus, but no history of corneal rupture. All the injuries affecting the family members were provoked by minor trauma. Results: This is an interesting family with BCS. BCS presents with brittle cornea, blue sclera and red hair. Recurrent spontaneous corneal perforations, sometimes bilateral, are a feature. Other characteristics that have been described are hypermobility of the small joints, moderate skin hyperextensibility without excessive skin fragility, and hearing impairment. Conclusions: The major differential diagnosis of BCS is Ehlers Danlos syndrome type 6, since VI Ehlers Danlos is associated with poorer prognosis. It also needs differentiation from osteogenesis imperfecta. The exact genetic abnormality in BCS is yet to be discovered. A recent article has implicated chromosome 16 and offered some candidate genes, among them the PCOLN 3 which has been implicated with collagen formation. BCS may be important in medico‐legal cases as potential misdiagnosis of non‐accidental injury may occur.
Glycoproteins of drusen and drusen‐like lesions
Authors: BONSHEK RE , D'SOUZA Y , JONES C 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Drusen are a marker of age‐related macular degeneration. Lesions similar to drusen, both in histology and their clinical appearance are also seen in choroidal tumours, chronic inflammatory and degenerative conditions of the eye, and in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type II (MCGN‐II). This study aims to compare the saccharide composition of these drusen‐like lesions in the various ocular pathological groups and in MCGN‐II. Methods: Formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissue from 21 eyes was studied. The histological diagnoses included AMD, retinal detachment, malignant melanoma, long‐standing uveitis, glaucoma and MCGN II. Glycosylation was examined using a panel of twenty biotinylated lectins and an avidin‐peroxidase‐DAB‐cobalt revealing system, with and without neuraminidase pre‐treatment. Results: High mannose, bi/tri‐nonbisected and bisected complex N‐glycan, N‐acetyl glucosaminyl, galactosyl and sialyl residues were found to be expressed by drusen, while treatment with neuraminidase exposed subterminal N‐acetyl galactosamine and galactosyl residues. Similar binding patterns were found in the various pathological groups studied. Conclusions: As there was no significant difference in the lectin‐binding pattern in drusen in different pathologies, a common pathogenesis or at least a final common pathway for the elaboration of carbohydrate components of drusen is suggested.