bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Post‐operative Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Ureteric Stents
Authors: FRANCO G. , DE DOMINICIS C. , FORNO S. DAL , IORI F. , LAURENTI C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Despite the many advantages provided by the ureteric stent, it produces a foreign body reaction and increases the risk of infection. We undertook a study on the rate of infection in a group of paediatric patients with ureteric stents; 40 ureteric stents, 6 to 9 F, were used in 36 children undergoing the following procedures: 18 pyeloplasties, 20 antireflux ureteric reimplantations and 2 uretero‐rectal anastomoses. Only patients with sterile urine pre‐operatively were included in the study. All received antibiotic cover in the post‐operative period.Positive urine cultures were found in only 3 patients (7.5%). In spite of this low incidence, the urine specimens collected from all children 1 month after removal of the stent showed a much higher incidence of infection. It was concluded that ureteric stenting is a safe procedure with a low rate of infection provided that antibiotic cover is given.
Acceleration of Flow Rate as a Screening Test for Detrusor Instability in Women with Stress Incontinence
Authors: CUCCHI A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Forty females with urinary stress incontinence (mean age 52 ± 10 years) and 20 age‐matched controls (mean age 49 ± 15 years) underwent complete urodynamic evaluation. In the former group, all patients complained of irritative bladder symptoms (frequency, nocturia, urgency) and 20 of them (Group B) showed detrusor instability (DI); in the other 20 (Group A) a final urodynamic diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence (GSI) was made. Instability was not apparent in Group B at standard filling cystometry, but had to be elicited through aggressively stressing the bladder by provocation tests.In all women the acceleration of flow rate (±, in ml/s2) was calculated from free flow uroflowmetry as the ratio of peak flow divided by the time to peak flow. This parameter did not differ significantly in GSI patients when compared with controls but proved higher in the DI group than in either the controls or the GSI patients.It was concluded that measuring the acceleration of flow rate is a simple and reliable test which improves the accuracy of diagnosis of detrusor instability in stress incontinent women.
Multicentre Controlled Trial of Indoramin in the Symptomatic Relief of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: CHOW W. , HAHN D. , SANDHU D. , SLANEY P. , HENSHAW R. , DAS G. , WELLS P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A group of 139 patients with symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy were entered into a double‐blind, parallel group, multicentre study of 2 doses of indoramin versus placebo. There were 18 withdrawals or exclusions, leaving 121 patients for anaIysis.After 8 weeks, mean peak flow rates increased more in patients treated with indoramin 20 mg bd than in those with placebo. The difference between indoramin 20 mg nocte and placebo was not significant. The change in mean peak flow rate for the higher dose of indoramin represented an increase of 50%. Both patients and investigators reported that the patients' symptoms had improved significantly on both indoramin 20 mg bd and 20 mg nocte; 9 patients were withdrawn because of adverse events, 5 taking placebo and 2 in each of the treatment groups.It was concluded that indoramin 20 mg bd was both effective and well tolerated in the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Sperm Motility, Velocity and Migration
Authors: BADENOCH D. F. , MOORE H. D. M. , HOLT W. V. , EVANS P. R. , SIDHU B. S. , EVANS S. J. W. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Four different methods for evaluating sperm motility were analysed for experimental error: subjective assessment of a wet film preparation, sperm velocity measured by time‐lapse photography, sperm velocity measured by computer analysis and sperm migration across a nucleopore membrane.Subjective assessment of motility was found to be inaccurate, within single observer and between 2 observers.Both methods of measuring mean sperm velocity were accurate, particularly that using the computer analysis system; a high technical failure rate was found using time‐lapse photography. Sperm migration across a nucleopore membrane was found to be highly inaccurate.Two groups were then analysed for the predictive value of these tests (excluding sperm migration): 104 proven fertile men and 53 infertile men. Although subjective motility was able to predict from which group the sample came at optimum cut‐off with 78% accuracy, computer analysed sperm velocity could predict with overall 91% accuracy at optimum cut‐off.Computer analysis of sperm velocity offers a rapid, objective and predictive assessment of sperm function.
De‐differentiation with Time in Prostate Cancer and the Influence of Treatment on the Course of the Disease
Authors: CUMMING J. A. , RITCHIE A. W. S. , GOODMAN C. M. , McINTYRE MARGARET A. , CHISHOLM G. D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— There is little information on histological changes in prostate cancer during the course of the disease. We have studied 74 patients with carcinoma of the prostate who required 2 transurethral resections of the prostate (mean interval between resections 2.4 years). They constituted 18.4% of all patients with carcinoma of the prostate presenting to our clinic between January 1978 and April 1988. All tumours were staged by conventional methods and graded using the Gleason system. The Gleason sum score in those patients with tumour in both specimens increased in 49, remained constant in 12 and decreased in 7.Within this group were 34 patients who were treated expectantly. The mean Gleason sum scores in this group increased, with a concomitant increase in local tumour stage and development of metastases. Although this was not a randomised trial, there was no significant difference in survival between patients having “deferred” management and those treated immediately, either from time of diagnosis or from time of second resection. There was, however, a significant difference in the time to second resection, with the “deferred” group requiring repeat resection on average 1 year earlier.This study confirmed the concept of tumour de‐differentiation with time and showed that this phenomenon occurs in both treated and untreated tumours. Although overall survival was not influenced by the type of initial therapy or its timing, local progression, as assessed by the need for further TURP, occurred earlier in those not receiving immediate therapy.
Prediction of Response to Radiotherapy in Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: JENKINS B. J. , MARTIN J. E. , BAITHUN S. I. , ZUK R. J. , OLIVER R. T. D. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The original pre‐treatment histological sections from 125 patients with invasive (T2/T3) transitional cell bladder cancer treated by radical radiotherapy were studied; 63 tumours responded completely to radiation and 62 did not; 55 of 72 tumours containing areas of squamous metaplasia and 27 of 36 staining for beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin failed to respond to radiotherapy; 26 of 28 tumours showing both squamous metaplasia and beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin did not respond to radiation, whereas 40 of 45 tumours without either of these features responded.The DNA ploidy of 86 tumours in the series was measured by flow cytometry; 11 of 27 aneuploid and 30 of 59 diploid tumours responded to irradiation.Squamous metaplasia and beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin in bladder cancer indicate resistance to radiotherapy but DNA ploidy does not.
Local Microwave Hyperthermia in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: SARANGA R. , MATZKIN H. , BRAF Z. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Local deep microwave hyperthermia has been introduced recently for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). We report the results of treatment in 114 patients divided into 2 groups. The first group included 83 patients with severe obstructive symptoms. Although some improvement was found in the scoring of both subjective and objective parameters, the number of patients benefiting was small, with only 28% showing improvement in both parameters. Approximately 50% reported subjective improvement but in only 25% was this significant. In 42% there was objective evidence of improvement. Prostatic volumes did not change as a result of treatment.The second group comprised 31 patients with indwelling catheters because of acute urinary retention. After treatment, 19 patients (61%) were able to dispense with the catheter.The difficulties of interpreting an open trial of treatment for BPH and assessing its impact on objective parameters and symptomatology are discussed. Our results should be regarded cautiously in view of these reservations.
Gravity Cavernosometry—a Simple Diagnostic test for Cavernosal Incompetence
Authors: PUECH‐LEAO P. , CHAO S. , GLINA S. , REICHELT A. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The papaverine test has been widely used as a diagnostic procedure in erectile impotence. However, when patients do not achieve full erection on the test, it is necessary to differentiate between insufficient inflow and excessive outflow.Gravity cavernosometry is a method designed to evaluate the pressure responses in the corpora when they are subjected to a constant infusion pressure. The infusion flow is of minor significance.The intracavernous pressure (ICP) was measured in cadavers, in psychogenically impotent patients and in patients with arteriogenic impotence, following administration of papaverine and gravity perfusion.During perfusion in cadavers and in psychogenic patients, the ICP showed values above 110 cm H2O, while in arteriogenic patients the values ranged from 30 to 141 cm H2O. In the arteriogenic group, 11/20 patients had an ICP lower than 110 during perfusion. There was no correlation between the pre‐perfusion pressure and the final pressure with perfusion.Gravity cavernosometry is a simple, cost‐effective and reliable method for the assessment of corporeal competence.
Tunica Vaginalis: an Aid in Hypospadias Surgery
Authors: KIRKALI Z. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Despite the improvements that have been made in equipment and in the techniques of h?pospadias repair, some patients still present with failed repairs and urethral fistulas. In such patients the lack of prepuce leads to difficulty in obtaining adequate tissue for further reconstruction.In 14 patients with hypospadias who had already undergone surgery, a tube was formed from proximal penile or scrotal skin and wrapped by pedicled tunica vaginalis; 4 patients with urethral fistulas were treated in the same way after primary repair of the fistulas. Excellent cosmetic and functional results were achieved in all but 1 case. The technique is simple, has few complications and is recommended in the treatment of patients with failed hypospadias repair and urethral fistulas.
Treatment of Ureteric Colic. Intravenous versus Rectal Administration of Indomethacin
Authors: NISSEN I. , BIRKE H. , OLSEN J. B. , WÜRTZ E. , LORENTZEN K. , SALOMON H. , LYNGE P. , FLY P. , JØRGENSEN T. H. , SVANE S. , NIELSEN B. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A randomised multicentre clinical trial was undertaken to compare the effect on pain of indomethacin administered either intravenously or rectally to 116 patients with ureteric colic. Adverse reactions were also assessed.Of the patients receiving the intravenous injection, 48/53 (91%) achieved good pain relief (i.e. no supplementary analgesia was required) 30 min after administration, compared with 46/63 (73%) receiving the enema. Significantly more side effects occurred in the group treated intravenously.It was concluded that indomethacin administered as an enema was less effective than the intravenous form, but it should be regarded as a good alternative in the treatment of ureteric colic.
Computerisation of Urothelial Carcinoma Records: 16 Years' Experience with the TNM System
Authors: HENDRY W. F. , RAWSON N. S. B. , TURNEY L. , DUNLOP A. , WHITFIELD H. N. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—Details of 554 patients with urothelial carcinomas have been recorded on computer forms between 1973 and 1988 inclusive. Essential information from initial assessment and follow‐up examinations was printed out on specially designed urothelial update sheets, copies of which were given to patients and urologists as well as being filed in the hospital notes. The survival status of all patients was established as accurately as possible in the last 2 years of the study.Multivariate analysis of 462 bladder cancer patients with adequate follow‐up indicated that T category was the most important discriminating variable, followed by histological grade. After replacing T category by microscopic depth of invasion and bimanual examination, the latter was found to be the most important single variable. The omission of the findings on bimanual examination from the 1987 revision of the TNM classification therefore appears to be wrong.
Treatment of Caliceal Calculi
Authors: HÜBNER W. , PORPACZY P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— We analysed the course of 80 “stone periods” (the time that elapses between making a diagnosis and passage of a stone, operation, or an out‐patient's last check‐up) in 62 patients with caliceal stones prior to the development of extracorporeal Shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endourology. The observation time per patient averaged 7.4 years; 16% of the stones passed spontaneously and 40% were removed surgically. The infection rate was 68% and 45% of the stones increased in size during the observation period. Retrospective evaluation showed that of 32 patients who underwent surgery, only 11 procedures were performed at the appropriate time. In the remaining 21 cases the timing of surgery was judged to have been too late because of the ensuing complications. In 8 patients stone growth led to staghorn calculi, 8 had acute obstruction with incipient urosepsis, 3 had chronic urinary infection and 1 had loss of kidney function.We believe that 83% of all caliceal stones require intervention (ESWL or percutaneous nephrolithotomy) within 5 years of diagnosis. Only 11% of patients with caliceal calculi remain svmDtom‐free after 10 vears.
99m Tc DTP A Diuretic Renography in the Evaluation of Surgery in Chronic Schistosomal and Non‐schistosomal Obstructive Uropathy
Authors: BAHAR R. H. , SABHA M. , KOURIS K. , BRITTON K. E. , ALI Y. M. , AWDEH M. , ABDEL‐DAYEM H. M. , NILSSON T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary The selection of patients with chronic obstructive uropathy for surgery is difficult because of problems in identifying true obstruction in a grossly dilated urinary tract. This is especially so in schistosomal (bilharzial) obstructive uropathy.A prospective study of 90 patients (68 with chronic schistosomal and 22 with non‐bilharzial obstructive uropathy) was carried out. All patients underwent pre‐operative and post‐operative radionuclide 99mTc DTPA diuretic renography (RDR). The aims were to assess the value of RDR in the pre‐ and post‐operative management of these patients and whether it could predict the outcome of surgery.Distinctive renogram patterns were identified in patients who required surgical management. These were found useful in monitoring the results and in predicting the outcome of surgery.
Tumour Markers as Prognostic Aids in Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: LEWENHAUPT A. , EKMAIM P. , ENEROTH P. , NILSSON B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary–Of 102 patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma, complete data on the serum concentration of 7 tumour markers were available from 90 patients, together with tumour grade, local stage and the presence or absence of skeletal metastases. The serum content of prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen, neopterin, thymidine kinase, osteocalcin, C‐reactive protein and tissue polypeptide antigen was measured. By means of Cox's regression and multivariate analysis the ability of these variables to predict prognosis,i.e.death from prostatic cancer, was studied.Neopterin appeared to be the most efficient marker, followed by tumour grade, thymidine kinase and prostate specific antigen. No other variable provided information of statistical significance. In multivariate analysis thymidine kinase performed best, followed by neopterin, tumour grade and prostate specific antigen.Several serum tumour markers reflect the biological activity of human prostate cancers and their value should be further explored. They may become useful in the management of individual patients.
Serum Acid Phosphatase in Patients with Localised Prostatic Cancer, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or Normal Prostates
Authors: SALO J. O. , RANNIKKO S. , HAAPIAINEN R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary –Serum acid phosphatase levels were determined in 247 men with surgically confirmed intracapsular prostatic cancer (30 patients), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (114 patients) or palpably normal prostates (103 men). Both radioimmunoassay (245 cases) and an enzymatic method (218 cases) were used. Using radioimmunoassay, the mean serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) level was significantly higher in patients with BPH than in patients with intracapsular cancer or men with normal prostates. The weight of hyperplastic tissue removed during operation in the BPH group correlated closely with PAP concentrations. Age or the presence (or absence) of an indwelling catheter had no effect on PAP concentrations. Using the enzymatic method, the highest levels of acid phosphatase were also detected in patients with BPH but the difference was less marked.It was concluded that intracapsular cancer does not elevate serum acid phosphatase levels as determined by radioimmunoassay or an enzymatic method. BPH alone leads to significant rises in PAP concentrations. The degree of BPH correlates with PAP levels.
Effects of Acid‐base Changes on Human Ureteric Smooth Muscle Contractility
Authors: COLE R. S. , FRY C. H. , SHUTTLEWORTH K. E. D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Wide fluctuations of both urinary pH and the partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) occur in normal physiological circumstances and in a variety of pathological conditions. However, the effect of extracellular pH on the contractility of human ureteric muscle has not been clearly defined.This study has established, using a microsuperfusion technique, that an increased superfusate PCO2 increases the magnitude of the phasic contraction to electrical field stimulation. A similar extracellular acidosis induced by alteration of the [HCO3‐], at constant [Na+] and free [Ca2+], was without significant effect. Furthermore, when both superfusate PCO2 and [HCO3‐] were simultaneously increased at constant pH the contractile response was similar to that when PC02 alone was raised.These observations suggest that the changes of tension were mediated by intracellular pH changes, providing it is assumed that the ureteric smooth muscle cell membrane is permeable to CO2 but impermeable to H+ and HCO3‐. The occurrence of an increase of force in the presence of an acidosis is a highly significant and unusual finding, since it has been assumed that the classical association between acidosis and negative inotropy, seen in cardiac muscle, was also applicable to smooth muscle.
Pathological Classification and Follow‐up of Prostatic Lesions Initially Diagnosed as “Suspicious of Malignancy”
Authors: KEANE P. F. , ILESLEY I. C. , O'DONOGHUE E. P. N. , PARKINSON M. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sections from a series of prostatic specimens (n = 44) in which the initial diagnosis implied a suspicion of malignancy were reviewed and the patients followed up (group 1).The aim was to categorise the morphological appearances according to current criteria and to determine the natural history of any pre‐malignant lesions within this group. A “control” series of patients (n = 40) in whom the primary diagnosis was benign were also reviewed and their course followed (group 2).The heterogeneity of the abnormalities in group 1 was striking. Of the 44 cases, pre‐malignant lesions were seen in 8, microinvasive adenocarcinoma in 11 and lesions not now considered pre‐malignant in the remaining 25. None of the 8 patients with pre‐malignant lesions developed clinical evidence of carcinoma over a follow‐up period of 8 to 12 years. In contrast, 3 of the 11 diagnosed on review as having microscopic invasive adenocarcinoma developed clinically evident tumour within 5 years of surgery. Of the 25 patients whose prostatic lesions were considered benign, 2 developed carcinoma 12 and 13 years after surgery. Only 1 of the 40 patients in group 2 had a pre‐malignant lesion and he did not develop tumour within 10 years. However, adenocarcinoma was diagnosed incidentally in 1 patient 3 years after surgery.It was concluded that there is a need to standardise interpretation and reporting of pre‐malignant lesions and microscopic foci of adenocarcinoma in the prostate. The limited results on the course of pre‐malignant lesions diagnosed incidentally in patients over 60 years of age do not indicate that follow‐up would have prompted the early diagnosis of invasive disease.Read at the 45th Annual Meeting of the British Association of Urological Surgeons in St Helier, June 1989
Calcium Oxalate Crystallisation Kinetics and the Effects of Calcium and γ‐Carboxyglutamic Acid
Authors: NISHIO S. , KAVANAGH J. P. , FARAGHER E. B. , GARSIDE J. , BLACKLOCK N. J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— γ‐carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) is an amino acid with a high affinity for calcium. It is found in urine both as the free amino acid and incorporated into proteins such as osteocalcin. Free and bound GLA have been reported to be found at higher concentrations in the urine of stone formers than controls. We have investigated the effect of GLA and calcium, at physiological levels, on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate using a mixed suspension mixed product removal continuous crystalliser.GLA caused very significant changes in the crystallisation kinetics, but the effect was dependent on the calcium concentration. At 4 mM calcium, GLA decreased the growth rate and increased the nucleation rate; at 12 mM the reverse occurred. At all concentrations of calcium tested, GLA caused a significantly increased crystal mass to be produced. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that GLA modifies calcium oxalate crystallisation and could be a promoter of stone formation in vivo, particularly at moderately elevated levels of calcium excretion.
Response to Treatment of Detrusor Instability in Relation to Psychoneurotic Status
Authors: MOORE KATE H. , SUTHERST J. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A total of 53 females who entered a double‐blind crossover trial of oxybutynin and placebo for idiopathic detrusor instability were questioned about life events and associated medical disorders and were given a psychometric test. Their response to treatment was studied in relation to these factors.It was found that 11% of patients had nocturnal enuresis beyond age 8 and 25% had irritable bowel syndrome: their response to treatment was generally poor. Life events were not consistently related to treatment response. The mean psychoneurotic score of “poor responders” (43.7) was similar to that of female psychoneurotic out‐patients (47.7), although one‐third of poor responders were normal. Patients who responded well to simple anticholinergic treatment had a mean score (30.7), which was similar to that of normal urban females (33.5).Most good responders and one‐third of poor responders showed little evidence of psychoneuroticism: a further search for neurophysiological abnormality in idiopathic detrusor instability is needed.