bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the low‐velocity impact response and the residual strength of CFRP tubes
Authors: Wan Yun , Wang Lifu , Liu Yihui , Wu Ye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the help of the high‐speed camera and self‐designed fixture, it was investigated that the effects of the impactors in a variety of shapes on the mechanical behavior and failure mode of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) tubes with a range of inner diameter during the low‐velocity impact (LVI) of four impact energies. Then, the three‐dimensional digital image correlation (3D‐DIC) system was carried out to monitor the damage evolution of the LVI‐damaged specimens under compressive and flexural loading. In addition, the residual compressive and flexural strength of all kinds of cases were compared and discussed. The results show that the increase in wall thickness can improve the LVI, compression‐after‐impact (CAI), and flexure‐after‐impact performance. The failure mode of compression changes to brittle fracture failure at the impact circumferential region. The CAI strength of the specimen damaged by a flat impactor is 23.89% less than that of a hemispherical one, but there is little difference in flexural loading.Highlights
Mechanical behavior on in & post LVI of CFRP tubes varying wall thickness and impactor.
Due to point‐line contact for flat impactor, two peak forces are in the F‐D curves.
LVI property and residual strength are improved with the increase of wall thickness.
Compressive failure mode is brittle fracture at the impact circumferential area.
Flexure‐after‐impact strength mainly depends on the no‐impact surface of tubes.
Academician Guodong Cheng's Contributions to Permafrost Science
Authors: Li Xin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTPermafrost is strongly associated with human well‐being and has become a frontier of cryospheric science. Professor Guodong Cheng is one of the most outstanding geocryologists in China. He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1993 and served as the president of the International Permafrost Association from 1993–1998. In the early 1980s, Professor Cheng proposed the hypothesis of the repeated‐segregation mechanism for the formation of thick‐layered ground ice near the permafrost table. Subsequently, in the early 2000s, he proposed the “proactive roadbed cooling” concept and led the successful development of a series of specific engineering measures that were fully applied in the Qinghai–Tibet Railway Project. Furthermore, he developed a conceptual model to describe the influences of changing permafrost on the groundwater system and discovered the “sink‐holing effect” (channeling with improved hydraulic conductivity of warming permafrost). Professor Cheng has also developed theories on the three‐dimensional zonation and proposed a classification system and an altitude model for high‐altitude permafrost distribution. On this special occasion of Professor Cheng's 80th birthday, this paper summarizes his outstanding achievements on permafrost science, hoping the permafrost research community will carry forward the momentum to further advance permafrost science worldwide.
Clinical outcomes of multisite moderate to high dose radiotherapy for patients with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Li Kelly H. , Cheung Patrick CF. , Petrella Teresa M. , Zhang Liying , Poon Ian DT. , Menjak Ines B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study aimed to summarize the clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic melanoma who received high‐dose radiation prior to or during systemic therapy at a single academic institution.MethodsWe identified patients with metastatic melanoma who underwent high‐dose radiation therapy (HDRT) for extracranial metastases prior to or during systemic therapy from 2010 to 2018. Treatment indications included oligometastases, oligoprogression, and local control. Using the Kaplan‐Meier method, we plotted overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival‐1 (PFS1), and PFS2. Competing risk analysis determined the cumulative incidence of local failure (LF) and the time to start or change systemic therapy (SCST). Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to identify predictive factors.ResultsWe analyzed 34 patients with 79 lesions, with a median follow‐up of 17.4 months. Sixty‐eight percent of patients received systemic therapy after the first HDRT. The median OS was 22 months, with brain metastases before HDRT being a significant predictor in multivariable analysis. The median PFS1 for first‐line HDRT was 4.1 months, and the median PFS2 was 3.9 months. Rates of LF were 10.3% at 12 months and 11.7% at 24 months. The incidence of SCST following HDRT was 59.8% at 12 months and 76.1% at 24 months, with radiation targeted at the lung associated with a lower incidence of SCST.ConclusionHDRT for treating metastatic lesions in melanoma demonstrated excellent local control and may play a role in delaying SCST. Additional courses of HDRT may provide cumulative benefits.
Comprehensive insights into rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapies and herbal alternatives for effective disease management
Authors: Chatterjee Amrita , Jayaprakasan Monisha , Chakrabarty Anirban Kr , Lakkaniga Naga Rajiv , Bhatt Bibhuti Nath , Banerjee Dipankar , Narwaria Avinash , Katiyar Chandra Kant , Dubey Sunil Kumar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by immune response overexpression, causing pain and swelling in the synovial joints. This condition is caused by auto‐reactive antibodies that attack self‐antigens due to their incapacity to distinguish between self and foreign molecules. Dysregulated activity within numerous signalling and immunological pathways supports the disease's development and progression, elevating its complexity. While current treatments provide some alleviation, their effectiveness is accompanied by a variety of adverse effects that are inherent in conventional medications. As a result, there is a deep‐rooted necessity to investigate alternate therapeutic strategies capable of neutralizing these disadvantages. Medicinal herbs display a variety of potent bioactive phytochemicals that are effective in the complementary management of disease, thus generating an enormous potency for the researchers to delve deep into the development of novel phytomedicine against autoimmune diseases, although additional evidence and understanding are required in terms of their efficacy and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. This literature‐based review highlights the dysregulation of immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis, analyses the pathophysiology, elucidates relevant signalling pathways involved, evaluates present and future therapy options and underscores the therapeutic attributes of a diverse array of medicinal herbs in addressing this severe disease.
Mass spectrometry imaging protocol for spatial mapping of lipids, N‐glycans and peptides in murine lung tissue
Authors: Ngai Yuen T. , Briggs Matthew T. , Mittal Parul , Young Clifford , Parkinson‐Lawrence Emma , Klingler‐Hoffmann Manuela , Orgeig Sandra , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: March 2024

RationaleThe application of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) to murine lungs is challenging due to the spongy nature of the tissue. Lungs consist of interconnected air sacs (alveoli) lined by a single layer of flattened epithelial cells, which requires inflation to maintain its natural structure. Therefore, a protocol that is compatible with both lung instillation and high spatial resolution is essential to enable multi‐omic studies on murine lung disease models using MALDI‐MSI.Methods and resultsTo maintain the structural integrity of the tissue, murine lungs were inflated with 8% (w/v) gelatin for lipid MSI of fresh frozen tissues or 4% (v/v) paraformaldehyde neutral buffer for N‐glycan and peptide MSI of FFPE tissues. Tissues were sectioned and prepared for enzymatic digestion and/or matrix deposition. Glycerol‐free PNGase F was applied for N‐glycan MSI, while Trypsin Gold was applied for peptide MSI using the iMatrixSpray and ImagePrep Station, respectively. For lipid, N‐glycan and peptide MSI, α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid matrix was deposited using the iMatrixSpray. MS data were acquired with 20 μm spatial resolution using a timsTOF fleX MS instrument followed by MS fragmentation of lipids, N‐glycans and peptides. For lipid MSI, trapped ion mobility spectrometry was used to separate isomeric/isobaric lipid species. SCiLS™ Lab was used to visualize all MSI data. For analyte identification, MetaboScape®, GlycoMod and Mascot were used to annotate MS fragmentation spectra of lipids, N‐glycans and tryptic peptides, respectively.ConclusionsOur protocol provides instructions on sample preparation for high spatial resolution MALDI‐MSI, MS/MS data acquisition and lipid, N‐glycan and peptide annotation and identification from murine lungs. This protocol will allow non‐biased analyses of diseased lungs from preclinical murine models and provide further insight into disease models.
A unique case of bilateral ventricular infiltration by lung adenocarcinoma with paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia
Authors: Iwabayashi Masaaki , Masuda Takahiro , Tokushige Kosuke , Jinno Hiroko , Tada Kimihide 
Published: March 2024

Key messageExistence of poorly differentiated tumour cells or paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia indicates extensive disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with malignancy. When these conditions are present, it is necessary to consider the possibility of intracardiac metastasis even in cases of lung adenocarcinoma.
Fixed‐time Synchronization of Stochastic Kuramoto‐Oscillator Networks With Switching Topology Under Dynamic Event‐triggered Scheme
Authors: Wang Yuanda , Sun Jia , Wu Yongbao , Xue Lei , Liu Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a dynamic event‐triggered fixed‐time control scheme for the phase synchronization of Kuramoto networks with switching topology and stochastic coupling noise. To deal with the problems of switching topology and stochastic coupling noise, a multilayered control structure with a specially designed noise reduction layer is developed. The effectiveness is proved based on stochastic differential theory. To save communication resources and reduce control frequency, a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism is proposed. By introducing a dynamic variable into the triggering condition, the triggered instants are further reduced compared to the traditional static event‐triggered method. The synchronizing criteria and parameter conditions are established with stochastic Lyapunov stability theory. The analysis of Zeno behavior is also given. Finally, numerical simulation experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic event‐triggered control scheme.
Rural electrification in India: A wicked problem
Authors: Dey Payal , Gupta M. P. , Sushil  , Perez‐Arriaga Ignacio J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite concerted efforts, several plans and policies of the government addressing rural electrification remained unrealized since India's independence. Although India attained near‐complete grid connectivity in 2018, the problem of inconsistent, unreliable and unaffordable electricity persists, expressly in remote and rural areas. This paper conceptualizes issues of rural electrification in India as a ‘Wicked Problem’ – a systems thinking approach used vastly for understanding complex and multidimensional aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The problem is characterized as a sub‐target of SDG 7 i.e. universal energy access. The stakeholders of rural electrification in India were approached ‐ their feedback was mapped in the power‐interest matrix. A causal loop diagram was prepared that helped in the identification of various themes through balancing and reinforcing loops. This study makes a methodological contribution to conceptual analysis prompting decision‐making through mental models over existing frameworks used for addressing rural electrification in India.
The role of equitable classroom cultures for supporting interest in science
Authors: Singleton Corinne , Deverel‐Rico Clarissa , Penuel William R. , Krumm Andrew E. , Allen Anna‐Ruth , Pazera Carol 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSupporting student interest in science is critical for broadening participation in the field because interest, even more than achievement, is associated with pursuing future science education and careers. In this study, we explore the conjecture that equitable classroom cultures can support interest in science. Specifically, we examine the idea that science classroom cultures that equitably reflect collective enterprise (where students engage collaboratively in scientific sensemaking) and care (where students believe that they are valued and respected members of the classroom community) support students, particularly those from historically marginalized populations, to develop interest in science. The study is part of a field test of a new middle school science curriculum called OpenSciEd. Data consist of survey responses from 847 students across 34 teachers located in nine states. Our analysis employed mixed‐effects models to accommodate the nested structure of the data. We found that classrooms vary substantially in the degree to which they reflect collective enterprise and care, indicating that classroom culture is a perceptible and consequential feature of the shared classroom environment. Student background did not predict reports of collective enterprise or care, providing evidence that classrooms in our sample were equitable along these dimensions. Critically, collective enterprise and care are both strongly associated with student‐reported interest in science. These findings underscore the importance of attending to classroom culture and the relational aspects of science learning as we seek to expand interest in science, particularly for students from historically marginalized populations.
Finite‐strain poro‐visco‐elasticity with degenerate mobility
Authors: van Oosterhout Willem J. M. , Liero Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA quasistatic nonlinear model for poro‐visco‐elastic solids at finite strains is considered in the Lagrangian frame using the concept of second‐order nonsimple materials and Kelvin–Voigt‐type viscosity. The elastic stresses satisfy static frame‐indifference, while the viscous stresses satisfy dynamic frame‐indifference. The mechanical equation is coupled to a diffusion equation for a solvent or fluid content. The latter is pulled‐back to the reference configuration. To treat the nonlinear dependence of the mobility tensor on the deformation gradient, the result by Healey and Krömer is used to show that the determinant of the deformation gradient is bounded away from zero. Moreover, the focus is on the physically relevant case of degenerate mobilities. The existence of weak solutions is shown using a staggered time‐incremental scheme and suitable energy‐dissipation inequalities.
Phase Behaviour of Colloidal Cubes Mixed with Depletants
Authors: Lekkerkerker Henk N. W. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn Chaps. 8 and 9 it was shown that the phase behaviour of anisotropic hard particles is considerably richer than that of hard spheres (see Sect. 3.2). Recent breakthroughs in colloidal synthesis allow the control of particle shapes and properties with high precision. This provides us with a constantly expanding library of new anisotropic building blocks, thus opening new avenues to explore colloidal self-assembly at a higher level of complexity [1, 2]. One of these intriguing novel systems is cube-like colloids. In this chapter, a selective overview is given on the current knowledge of the phase behaviour of cube-like colloids with and without added depletants.
Epilogue
Authors: Lekkerkerker Henk N. W. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis book mainly focuses on basic concepts and model systems; but in reality, soft materials are complex and have a practical impact on our daily lives. These materials make up common products such as pharmaceutical formulations, paints, dairy products and cosmetics [1]. To connect the insights into depletion effects to practical applications, we highlight some of the unresolved questions and future directions that could be pursued.
Phase Behaviour of Colloidal Binary Hard Sphere Mixtures
Authors: Lekkerkerker Henk N. W. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the previous chapters we considered the effect of added nonadsorbing polymers on the phase behaviour (Chap. 4) and interface (Chap. 5) appearing in suspensions of spherical colloids. The depletion effect is also operational in other types of mixtures, such as binary mixtures composed of large and small (hard) spheres where two big spheres in a sea of small spheres are brought together (Fig. 6.1). As the big spheres get close, the smaller spheres can no longer enter the gap between the big ones. The small particles then push the big spheres together.
Phase Behaviour of Colloidal Hard Spheres Mixed with Hard Rod-Like Colloids
Authors: Lekkerkerker Henk N. W. , Tuinier Remco , Vis Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2.4, it was shown that, when compared to other types of depletants, rod-like colloids give rise to a strong depletion interaction at low concentration (2.124)). As a result, it is also expected that even adding a small amount of rods to a dispersion of colloidal spheres has a significant effect on the phase behaviour.
Critical points in Palatini Higgs inflation with small non-minimal coupling
Authors: Poisson Arthur , Timiryasov Inar , Zell Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate inflation driven by the Higgs boson in the Palatini formulation of General Relativity. Our analysis primarily focuses on a small non-minimal coupling of the Higgs field to gravity in the range 0 < ξ ≲ 1. We incorporate the renormalization group running of the relevant parameters as computed within the Standard Model and allow for small corrections. In addition to ξ, our model features two tunable parameters: the low-energy value of the top Yukawa coupling and an effective jump of the Higgs self-interaction. Our results indicate that critical points leading to a large enhancement of the power spectrum can be produced. However, the observed amplitude of perturbations in the CMB cannot be matched within this setting. On the one hand, this makes it difficult to generate a sizable abundance of primordial black holes. On the other hand, our findings can be viewed as very positive since they provide further evidence that Palatini Higgs inflation has favourable high-energy properties due to robustness against quantum corrections.
Inside the NBA Bubble: how Black players performed better without fans
Authors: Caselli Mauro , Falco Paolo , Somekh Babak 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the NBA, predominantly Black players play in front of predominantly non-Black fans. Using the “NBA Bubble”, a natural experiment induced by COVID-19, we show that the performance of Black players improved significantly with the absence of fans vis-à-vis White players. This is consistent with Black athletes being negatively affected by racial pressure from mostly non-Black audiences. We control for player, team, and game fixed effects, and dispel alternative mechanisms. Beyond hurting individual players, racial pressure causes significant economic damage to NBA teams by lowering the performance of top athletes and the quality of the game.
Transient topology optimization for efficient design of actively cooled microvascular materials
Authors: Gorman Jonathan , Pejman Reza , Kumar Sandeep R. , Patrick Jason F. , Najafi Ahmad R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrovascular materials containing internal microchannels are able to achieve multi-functionality by flowing different fluids through vasculature. Active cooling is one application to protect structural components and devices from thermal overload, which is critical to modern technology including electric vehicle battery packaging and solar panels on space probes. Creating thermally efficient vascular network designs requires state-of-the-art computational tools. Prior optimization schemes have only considered steady-state cooling, rendering a knowledge gap for time-varying heat transfer behavior. In this study, a transient topology optimization framework is presented to maximize the active-cooling performance and mitigate computational cost. Here, we optimize the channel layout so that coolant flowing within the vascular network can remove heat quickly and also provide a lower steady-state temperature. An objective function for this new transient formulation is proposed that minimizes the area beneath the average temperature versus time curve to simultaneously reduce the temperature and cooling time. The thermal response of the system is obtained through a transient Geometric Reduced Order Finite Element Model (GRO-FEM). The model is verified via a conjugate heat transfer simulation in commercial software and validated by an active-cooling experiment conducted on a 3D-printed microvascular metal. A transient sensitivity analysis is derived to provide the optimizer with analytical gradients of the objective function for further computational efficiency. Example problems are solved demonstrating the method’s ability to enhance cooling performance along with a comparison of transient versus steady-state optimization results. In this comparison, both the steady-state and transient frameworks delivered different designs with similar performance characteristics for the problems considered in this study. This latest computational framework provides a new thermal regulation toolbox for microvascular material designers.
Invariant Manifolds for the Thin Film Equation
Authors: Seis Christian , Winkler Dominik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe large-time behavior of solutions to the thin film equation with linear mobility in the complete wetting regime on $$\mathbb {R}^N$$

R

N

is examined. We investigate the higher order asymptotics of solutions converging towards self-similar Smyth–Hill solutions under certain symmetry assumptions on the initial data. The analysis is based on a construction of finite-dimensional invariant manifolds that solutions approximate to an arbitrarily prescribed order.
On the number of terms in the COS method for European option pricing
Authors: Junike Gero 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Fourier-cosine expansion (COS) method is used to price European options numerically in a very efficient way. To apply the COS method, one has to specify two parameters: a truncation range for the density of the log-returns and a number of terms N to approximate the truncated density by a cosine series. How to choose the truncation range is already known. Here, we are able to find an explicit and useful bound for N as well for pricing and for the sensitivities, i.e., the Greeks Delta and Gamma, provided the density of the log-returns is smooth. We further show that the COS method has an exponential order of convergence when the density is smooth and decays exponentially. However, when the density is smooth and has heavy tails, as in the Finite Moment Log Stable model, the COS method does not have exponential order of convergence. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.