bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Isomerization of cis-2-Butene over SO2-adsorbing Mg(OH)2 and MgO
Authors: Otsuka Kiyoshi , Tanaka Kimiaki , Morikawa Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of butenes caused by the surface compounds formed from SO2 on Mg(OH)2 or MgO has been studied. It has been shown that the cis-trans isomerization of 2-butene is selectively induced by the sulfur compounds. This specific isomerization has been explained by the previously proposed mechanism that the reaction is accompanied by the copolymerization of 2-butene and SO2. The infrared spectroscopic study on the sulfur compounds formed on Mg(OH)2 or on MgO has demonstrated the presence of SO32−, SO42−, or sulfinato complexes. The formation of these surface species may cause a strong electrostatic field on the surface, resulting in the polarization of reactant molecules, which is necessary for the initiation of the copolymerization or of the cis-trans isomerization. It has been shown, however, that the presence of weakly adsorbed SO2 is essential for determining the catalytic activities of the solids in the SO2-induced isomerization.
Electronic Spectra of Single Crystals of 1,1′-Diethyl-2,2′-Cyanine Iodide, Bromide, and Chloride
Authors: Tanaka Jiro , Tanaka Masashi , Hayakawa Masuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reflection spectra of single crystals of 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine iodide, bromide and chloride were measured in order to find the origin of the J band. The spectra were obtained by the Kramers-Kronig transformation of reflectivity. The positions of absorption peaks and the shapes of vibronic envelope for each crystalline faces are explained by a calculation of surface exciton splitting with a weak coupling model. The intensity of each bands is interpreted by the oriented gas model, however, a peculiar anomalous band shape characteristic of J band is explained by the charge resonance (CR) and the molecular exciton interaction. The J band is found along particular crystalline direction, in which the dye molecules are stacked face to face, showing importance of interplanar π electron interaction. The molecular exciton band shape is changed significantly to give a J band because the higher vibronic bands are blurred off by the enhanced relaxation mechanism of the CR interaction.
Behavior of Sulfate Ions daring Formation of Anodic Oxide Film on Aluminium
Authors: Fukuda Yoshio , Fukushima Toshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The incorporation of sulfate into anodic film formed on aluminium in an H2SO4–MgSO4 solution was investigated by infrared spectroanalysis using the compensation method. The sulfate content of the film was very small at the initial stage of anodizing, but increased with time to a nearly constant value. This result is explained in terms of the variation of strength of electric field and the mobility of each anion in the barrier layer. The distribution of sulfate across the cell wall also was examined. The sulfate content was relatively small near the wall/solution interface, but increased with the distance across the wall from the surface, reached a maximum value on the intermediate layer between the wall/solution interface and the cell boundary, and decreased gradually. Such distribution is considered to be similar to that across the barrier layer. The SO4 distribution and the transfer of anions from the barrier layer to the porous layer are explained.
On the Excimer Formation of Pyrene in Electrochemiluminescenece
Authors: Suminaga Takeshi , Hayakawa Sohachiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Temperature effect in electrochemiluminescenece (ECL) of pyrene was investigated in order to clarify the formation of excimers. The ratio of intensity of excimer to monomer emission was measured on solutions of pyrene in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at various temperatures from the decay curves of excimer emission due to pulse excitation with a nitrogen laser. The temperature change of concentration dependence of the ratio was derived from the rate equations for the respective direct and indirect formation of excimers. The mechanism of direct excimer formation was confirmed in ECL of pyrene more clearly by analysis of the temperature effect than by that of the concentration effect at a certain temperature.
The Temperature Dependence of the Mixed and Intervalence State in Mono-oxidized trans-μ-(as-Indacene)bis(cyclopentadienyliron)
Authors: Iijima Sei’ichiro , Motoyama Izumi , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The temperature dependence first observed in the Mössbauer spectrum for mono-oxidized trans-μ-(as-indacene)bis(cyclopentadienyliron) was interpreted in terms of the increase in the rate of intervalence-electron transfer between two irons with an increase in the temperature. The cyclic voltammetric study of trans-μ-(as-indacene)bis(cyclopentadienyliron) indicates that the metal-metal interaction in the monocation of the compound is greater than that in the monocation of biferrocene at room temperature.
Hypochlorite Oxidation of Ammonia. Effective Removal of Ammonia from Waste Water by UV-irradiation
Authors: Kimura Makoto , Suzuki Teiichi , Ogata Yoshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hypochlorite oxidation of ammonia giving rise to nitrogen evolution was carried out in the dark or under irradiation in order to study the reaction mechanism and application to waste water treatment. UV-irradiation accelerates remarkably the rate of decomposition of unfavorable chloramines. The acceleration covers the pH region 2–12, where corresponding dark reactions are slow. The irradiation also affects the formation of byproducts such as NO2− and NO3−, the effect being a slight increase in NO2− formation in the pH range 2–12. These results suggest an effective industrial application to avoid eutrophication in seas and lakes. The irradiation effect is discussed in relation to reaction mechanism, in which the irradiation possibly facilitates the N–N bond formation after chloramine formation.
Metal Complexes of Peptides. I. The Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Dipeptidate and N-Methyliminodiacetate as Mixed Ligands
Authors: Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Kanekiyo Makoto , Ama Tomoharu , Yasui Takaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mixed-ligand complexes, Ba[Co(mida)(dipept)]2 (where mida is N-methyliminodiacetate and dipept denotes dianions of glycyl-l-alanine, l-alanylglycine, glycyl-l-leucine, l-leucylglycine, glycyl-β-alanine, β-alanyl-glycine, l-alanyl-β-alanine, and β-alanyl-l-alanine) have been prepared. The structure and properties of these complexes have been characterized by their electronic absorption, CD, and NMR spectral data.
Monochromatic Light-induced Reactions of Benzophenone Hydrazones and the N-Acetyl Derivatives in Carbon Tetrachloride in the Presence of Oxygen
Authors: Suginome Hiroshi , Uchida Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of hydrazones of benzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone and 4-methoxybenzophenone in carbon tetrachloride with monochromatic light in the presence of oxygen afforded the corresponding azine, resulting from N–N bond cleavage, as the major product together with the hydrazone hydrochloride. In contrast to the hydrazones, benzophenone acetylhydrazone in carbon tetrachloride in the presence of oxygen afforded an unstable hydroperoxide as the only product, on photolysis with monochromatic light (288±8 nm); this product was transformed spontaneously into benzophenone on evaporation of the solvent at room temperature. 4-Methylbenzophenone acetylhyd razone and 4-methoxybenzophenone acetylhydrazone reacted in a manner similar to benzophenone acetylhydrazone. Irradiation of benzophenone diacetylhydrazone with 266±8 nm light under conditions analogous to the photo-reactions of hydrazones and acetylhydrazones resulted in loss of an acetyl group, resulting in N–CO bond cleavage to afford acetylhydrazone. The mechanism of the photooxygenation of benzophenone acetylhydrazones is interpreted in terms of chlorine radical-induced autoxidation.
Reduction by a Model of NAD(P)H. 28. Reduction of an α-Diketone in the Presence of Zinc Ion
Authors: Ohno Atsuyoshi , Yasui Shinro , Oka Shinzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reduction of 1-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-1,2-ethanedione with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide in acetonitrile in the presence of zinc perchlorate has been studied. The α-diketone coordinates onto zinc ion through its pyridine-ring nitrogen and benzene-side carbonyl oxygen, whereas the reduction takes place on pyridine-side carbonyl group. It is concluded that an effective ligand to a metal ion is not necessarily a facile substrate of the reduction.
Substituent Effects in Heterogeneous Catalysis. VII. Temperature Independence of the Relative Rates in Metal-catalyzed Hydrogenation of Cyclohexanone and Its 2-Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Chihara Teiji , Tanaka Kazunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of hydrogenation of cyclohexanone and its 2-alkyl derivatives have been measured using decalin as the solvent in a temperature range of −5 to 68 °C over Ru/Al2O3, Rh/Al2O3, and Pt/Al2O3 catalysts. As predicted previously, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-, and 2-propylcyclohexanone have exhibited nearly identical temperature dependencies in adsorption and hydrogenation, while cyclohexanone and 2-isopropylcyclohexanone had quite different dependencies.
Acid-catalyzed Rearrangement of the exo-1,2-Dioxetane Derivative from 1-Isopropylidene-4,4-diphenyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene
Authors: Kawamoto Akira , Uda Hisashi , Harada Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It is shown that acid-catalyzed decomposition of the 1,2-dioxetane derivative, 3,3-dimethyl-7,7-diphenyl-1-2-dioxaspiro[3.5]nona-5,8-diene, obtained from 1-isopropylidene-4,4-diphenyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene, gives 1-methyl-1-(o-terphenyl-4′-yl)ethyl hydroperoxide, bis[1-methyl-1-(o-terphenyl-4′-yl)ethyl] peroxide, 1-(1-hydroperoxy-1-methylethyl)-4,4-diphenylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ol, and o-terphenyl-4′-ol, along with the usual dioxetane-scission product, 4,4-diphenyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone. The distribution and yield of these products depend on acidic agents and/or conditions employed.
A Kinetic Study of the Reaction of 1-Propyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide with Hexacyanoferrate(III)
Authors: Okamoto Tadashi , Ohno Atsuyoshi , Oka Shinzaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 1-propyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide with hexacyanoferrate(III) in 20% aqueous methanol follows a second-order rate law with first order with respect to each reactant concentration. Kinetic parameters are ΔH\eweq: (8.8±0.4)×103 J mol−1 and ΔS\eweq: −1.8×102 J mol−1 K−1, the observed kinetic isotope effect, kH/kD, being 1.51. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
A New and Highly Effective Aldol Synthesis
Authors: Maruoka Keiji , Hashimoto Shinsuke , Kitagawa Yoshizo , Yamamoto Hisashi , Nozaki Hitosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new approach has been demonstrated for the regiospecific aldol synthesis by the simultaneous addition of α-halo carbonyl derivatives and aldehydes or ketones to a suspension of diethylaluminum chloride and zinc in tetrahydrofuran at low temperature. This technique is also employable under mild conditions for the Reformatsky reaction to give β-hiydroxy esters in excellent yield. One of the unique synthetic applications of this process is illustrated by the intramolecular cyclization of α-bromo esters of ω-hydroxy aldehyde, which produces macrolides, an important class of compounds in the antibiotic field.
Silver(I) Ion-catalyzed Rearrangement of 3,5-Dehydronoriceane (Pentacyclo[5.3.1.02,6.03,5.04,9]undecane). Empirical Force-field Calculations and Behavior of 3-Noricyl (Tetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.04,9]undec-3-yl) Cation
Authors: Katsushima Takeo , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Kawanisi Mituyosi , Osawa Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of 3,5-dehydronoriceane (1) with a catalytic amount of silver tetrafluoroborate results in a novel skeletal rearrangement to afford tetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.03,9]undec-4-ene (2,4-ethenonoradamantane) (5) in 85% yield. Empirical force-filed calculations suggest that there is no substantial difference in strain energies between 1 and bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane which is inert toward silver(I) ion. Acetolysis of endo-3-noricyl (endo-tetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.04,9]undec-3-yl) tosylate (7) gives exo-3-acetoxynoriceane (exo-3-acetoxytetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.04,9]undecane) (11), exo-4-acetoxytetracyclo[5.3.1.02,6.03,9]undecane (12), and 5 in a ratio of 36:42:22. Similar acetolysis of the exo-isomer of 7 gives the same products but in a different ratio (11:12:5=9:47:44). A stepwise carbocation mechanism is proposed for the above mentioned silver(I) ion-catalyzed rearrangement.
α-Cyclodextrin-catalyzed Hydrolysis of 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 4-Nitrobenzoate
Authors: Komiyama Makoto , Inoue Shohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hydrolysis of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 4-nitrobenzoate (1) was catalyzed by α-cyclodextrin at pH 8.6, 16 °C. The reaction, involving the complex formation of 1 with α-cyclodextrin, proceeded mostly (80%) via the general base catalysis by the secondary alkoxide ion of α-cyclodextrin with 20% contribution of the nucleophilic catalysis. This is the first finding of the general base catalysis of the hydrolyses of esters by cyclodextrins. The rate constants of the cleavage of 1 by the general base catalysis and the nucleophilic catalysis, respectively, of α-cyclodextrin were 5.3×10−2 and 1.5×10−2 min−1, whereas the value in the absence of α-cyclodextrin was 1.2×10−2 min−1. The hydrolysis of an analogous substrate, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 3-methyl-4-nitrobenzoate, however, was little affected by α-cyclodextrin, showing that 1 included the cavity of α-cyclodextrin with the nitro group first.
New Type of Active Carbon Catalyst for Simultaneous Removal of SOx, and NOx
Authors: Nishijima Akio , Kurita Minoru , Kiyozumi Yoshimichi , Kobayashi Rikio , Hagiwara Hiroyuki , Ueno Akifumi , Sato Toshio , Todo Naoyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Active carbons prepared from nitrogen containing compounds were found to show high activity for SO2removal. Enhancement of the activity for NO reduction was realized by supporting vanadium ions on these active carbons. Regeneration of the catalyst was examined with various reducing agents. The activity for SO2 removal was recovered by removing sulfate ions on the catalyst with NH3 at 350 °C. The 200 h life test of the present catalyst was carried out for the simultaneous removal of SOx and NOx.
CO Shift Reaction on the Potassium Polyaluminate Catalyst
Authors: Kihara Seiji , Koumoto Kunihito , Nishikawa Yasuo , Yanagida Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Potassium polyaluminate (βK″-alumina) has been employed as a catalyst for CO shift reaction (CO+H2O=CO2+H2). The dependence of catalytic activity on the K+ content was investigated. The initial reaction rate abruptly increased above 11 wt% K2O.
The Stereo-differentiating (Asymmetric) Hydrogenation of the C=O Double Bond with a Modified Nickel Catalyst. XXXV. A Facile Method for the Preparation of Optically Pure β-Diols
Authors: Ito Kazuhisa , Harada Tadao , Tai Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hydrogenation of RCOCH2COR over a Raney nickel catalyst modified with a mixture of tartaric acid and NaBr gave (R*, R*-RCH(OH)CH2CH(OH)R selectively with a high optical purity. The substrates with R=CH3–, CH3CH2–, CH3CH2CH2–, CH3(CH2)4CH2–, and Ph– were employed in this study. In all cases, the recrystallization of the hydrogenation product gave an optically pure (R*,R*)-isomer which was free from the (R*,S*)-isomer.
The Preparation of Pyrrolotropones from Furotropones
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Chisaka Atsuko , Mametsuka Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Furotropones were transformed into a series of pyrrolotropones by heating with amines. The methine proton of 1-isopropyl-2-methylcyclohepta[1,2-b]pyrrol-8-one was found to appear at an unusually low field.
The Chemical Shifts of the Bridge Methylene Protons of 1,6-Methano[11]annulene Systems. Positive Evidence for the Assignments
Authors: Uyehara Tadao , Ichida Akito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The assignments of the chemical shifts to the bridge methylene protons of 1,6-methano[11]annulen-9-one (3) were established on the basis of their lanthanoid-induced shifting. Those of the protonated cation of 3 were proven from the spectrum of a mixture of 12-d1 derivatives of 3 in trifluoroacetic acid.
A One Step Transformation of a 7-Oxo Steroid into a 7-Oxa Steroid. A New Photo-oxidation of Cyclic Ketone
Authors: Suginome Hiroshi , Shea Chi- Ming 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of 3α,5-cyclo-5α-cholestan-7- one in methanol saturated with oxygen gives a novel cyclo-7-oxa steroid, 3α,5-cyclo-7-oxa-5α-cholestane, together with methyl 3α,5-cyclo-7,8-seco-5α-cholestan-7-oate.
The Acidity and Basicity of Bi2O3-based Binary Oxides
Authors: Ai Mamoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The numbers of both acidic and basic sites in a series of Bi2O3-XnOm binary oxides, with different kinds and amounts of the second component, XnOm, were systematically determined by means of the adsorption of NH3 and CO2 from the gas phase, using the static method. Pure Bi2O3 has both acidic and basic sites, much like TiO2, SnO2, and Fe2O3, and it is more basic than these oxides. The generation of an unexpectedly high acidity or basicity was not observed in the combination of Bi2O3 with 11 kinds of oxides, and the acid-base properties of the binary oxides can be understood in terms of the nature of the second component. The order of ability for the promotion of the acidity and the diminution of the basicity is: MoO3, SO3, WO3&gt;V2O5, P2O5&gt;Sb2O4&gt;TiO2, SnO2, Fe2O3. The addition of K2O decreases the acidity and increases the basicity. The relationship between the acid-base properties and the catalytic activities for the isomerization of 1-butene, the dehydration and dehydrogenation of 2-propanol, and the oxidative decomposition of formic acid was investigated. It was proposed that the basic sites of the Bi2O3based mixed oxides originate from Bi2O3 and that the nature remains approximately the same, regardless of any change in the kind and amount of the second component. However, the acidic sites are generated by the combination with second component; therefore, the nature varies widely depending on the nature of the second component.
Structure Determination of the 1,4-Cycloadduct Quenched after the High-pressure Reaction of Tetracyanoethylene with Styrene and Its Derivatives
Authors: Nakahara Masaru , Uosaki Yasuhiro , Sasaki Muneo , Osugi Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic, 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR spectra of the 1,4-cycloadducts of TCNE with styrene, styrene-α-d1, p-chlorostyrene, p-methylstyrene, α-methylstyrene, and 1,1-diphenylethylene were taken at low temperatures at 1 bar after the high-pressure reaction; the 13C NMR spectra were of decisive importance in determining the structure; the other kinds of spectra were consistent with the established structure. They have an electronic absorption band around 320 nm, which is assigned to the π-π* transition of the triene system in the adducts. Neither cis- nor trans-stilbene, which have a lower ionization potential, provides the 1,4-cycloadduct even at high pressure.
Kinetics of the Reactions of Ni(II) with Several Ligands in Water-t-Butyl Alcohol Mixtures
Authors: Takahashi Tatsuo , Koiso Takefumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the complex-formation reactions of Ni(II) with 4-phenylpyridine, isoquinoline, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,2′: 6′,2″-terpyridine in water-t-butyl alcohol mixtures were investigated by means of stopped-flow measurement. With an increase in the t-butyl alcohol content of mixtures for all ligands, the rate constants for the reactions decrease monotonically, while the activation parameters, ΔHf\eweq and ΔSf\eweq, pass through distinct minimum values, and the minima occur at the same concentration of t-butyl alcohol. The results are briefly discussed in terms of the stability of the outer-sphere complex of Ni(II) with the ligands, and the structural properties of the solvents.
Full-range Bond-order Dependence of Intramolecular Vibrations: Ethylene and Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Aihara Jun-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For analogous normal vibrations in conjugated systems of a similar type a linear relationship often exists between vibrational frequencies and bond orders. We find that this linearity can, in principle, be extended to include conjugated systems in both excited electronic states and ionic states. This indicates that the linearity covers a full range of bond order conceivable for conjugated systems. Such an aspect of molecular vibrations gives a concise and sometimes decisive clue not only to vibrational assignments but also to structural analyses of conjugated systems in various electronic states. Symmetric C=C stretching vibrations of ethylene and tetracyanoethylene nicely illustrate this situation.
Cotton Effect Induced in Optically Inactive Molecules and Molecular Complexes by Optically Active Environment. III. Circular Dichroism Induced by Association of α-Chymotrypsin and Dyes
Authors: I’Haya Yasumasa J , Oikawa Yasunobu , Nakamura Tomoyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two types of circular dichroism (CD) spectra are found to be induced in the solution systems of α-chymotrypsin (αCT) and dyes. One is a single positive CD band which is due to a 1 : 1 αCT–dye complex (Type I; proflavine, Acridine Yellow G, acriflavine), and the other consists of one positive and one negative CD bands which are mainly due to a complex of the composition, one αCT to two dye molecules (Type II; Pyronin B, Rhodamine 6G). Mechanisms of CD induction tentatively proposed are that in Type I complexes a single dye molecule is bound to an asymmetric environment of the active site of αCT while in Type II complexes two dye molecules are bound at a specific site exerting a dipole-dipole interaction with one another.
Use of Propagators in the Hückel Model
Authors: Aono Shigeyuki , Nishikawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic structures of molecules composed of identical atoms are investigated in terms of propagators under the Hückel approximation. General rules to get propagators for systems under considerations are presented. Then some physical quantities (the charge densities, the bond orders and the total energies) are obtained by making the analysis of the propagators. Expressions for the mutual polarizabilities are also exactly derived. Some discussions about the approximate natures of current results are made.
Absorption and Reflection Spectra of Pure and ClSO3H Doped Polyacetylene Films
Authors: Tanaka Masashi , Watanabe Atsushi , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Optical absorption and reflection measurements are carried out on pure and ClSO3H doped polyacetylene films over a wide wavelength region (350–35000 cm−1). In the doped polymer, the transition from the valence band to the impurity level is observed at 870 cm−1 and the free carrier absorption band appears over the wide region of 350 to 20000 cm−1, while the interband transition located in the region of 15000 cm−1 disappears. This means that doping removes the bond alternation leading to a uniform bond length and all π-electrons contribute to the transport. For the heavily doped films, the d.c. conductivity of polyacetylene films is obtained by the optimum fit of the theoretical curve to the observed absorption and reflection spectra. The obtained values are comparable with the d. c. conductivity (σ\simeq280–250 Ω−1 cm−1) obtained by the four probe method.
The Preparation and 13C-NMR Spectra of Alkoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Kanda Zenjiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Alkoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium salts, [(C6H5)3PCH2OR]X, X: Cl, Br, and I, R: CH3, C2H5, and i-C3H7, have been obtained from the reaction of the triphenylphosphine and the corresponding alkyl halomethyl ether. In the 13C-NMR spectra of these salts, the coupling constant (JCP) is 68–71 Hz, which is larger than that (JCP: 48–56 Hz) of [(C6H5)3PCH2R]Br, R: H, CH3, and i-C3H7, Me3P=S and Me3P=Se, while it is close to that(66–69 Hz) of Me3P=O and Et3P=O. The coupling constant (JCP) of these salts can be caused by the oxygen atom in the salts.