bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degumming of soybean oil: Quantitative analysis of phospholipids in crude and degummed oil1
Authors: Racicot L. D. , Handel A. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPhospholipids of crude and degummed soybean oils were isolated and separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Standards and specific spray reagents were used to identify the phospholipids. Phospholipids identified in the crude and degummed oils were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Several unknown phosphorus‐containing compounds were present. Samples of crude and degummed oil were collected from four soybean oil processors over four consecutive days. Total and individual phospholipids were quantitated by determining the phosphorus content. The total phosphorus content of crude oil varied among companies, with the average ranging from 453 to 676 ppm. The average total phosphorus content of the degummed oil of the four processors ranged from 12 to 84 ppm. Processors removed an average of 86‐98% of the phosphorus present in the crude oil during the degumming process. There was also a daily variation in phosphorus removal within the individual companies. During the degumming process, the proportion of phosphatidylcholine decreased and the proportion of unknown, nonpolar phosphorus compounds increased in samples from all companies. Significantly higher proportions of phosphatidic acid and lyso compounds were found in the degummed oil of some but not all companies.
High pressure differential thermal analysis (HPDTA) of fatty acid methyl esters and triglycerides
Authors: Yamazaki Megumi , Nagao Akihiko , Komamiya Kogaku 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhen using high pressure differential thermal analysis to study the stability of a fatty methyl ester or triglyceride in an atmosphere of air, a departure from the base line in the exothermic curve is observed. The point where an extension line from the base line intersects a tangent line to the departure curve was selected as the transition point in the exothermic curve. For each sample studied, temperature at this transition point showed good reproducibility. The influence of sample container and air pressure upon the temperature of the transition point in the exothermic curve (TTE) was examined. A linear correlation between the number of double bonds in the sample and TTE was observed.
Spectrophotometric studies of rice bran oil and mustard oil mixtures: II
Authors: Jha J. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVisible spectra, between 400 to 500 nm range, of rice bran oil, mustard oil and their 7 mixtures, diluted 10 times in carbon tetrachloride, are reported. Mustard oil spectra shows three characteristic bands centered at wavelength 428, 453 and 482 nm, while no such band has been observed in rice bran oil spectra in this range. Intensity of 428 nm band increases as the rice bran oil percentage increases in the mixture of two oils. Five indices, R1 to R5, have been suggested for the approximate determination of rice bran oil adulteration in mustard oil. Plots of R2 and R3 against percentage of rice bran oil in the mixture have been found to be straight lines. The index R3, equal to 1000(A428‐A482), has been found to be the most useful for this approximate estimation of rice brain oil in mustard oil.
Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Chemohyperthermia for Chemoresistant and Recurrent Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Prospective Study of 81 Patients
Authors: Cotte Eddy , Glehen Olivier , Mohamed Faheez , Lamy Franck , Falandry Claire , Golfier François , Gilly Francois Noel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeThere is no standardized treatment for patients with chemoresistant or recurrent advanced ovarian cancer. Locoregional treatments combining cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia (HIPEC) may improve survival for locoregional disease.Patients and methodsA prospective single center study of 81 patients with recurrent or chemoresistant peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer was performed. Patients were treated by maximal cytoreductive surgery combined with HIPEC (with cisplatinum at 20 mg/m²/L). A total of 47 patients were included for their third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh surgical look. Altogether, 54 patients presented with extensive carcinomatosis (malignant nodules of >5 mm).ResultsComplete macroscopic resection (CCR‐0) was achieved in 45 patients. Mortality and morbidity rates were 2.5% and 13.6%, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 47.1 months, the overall and disease‐free median survivals were 28.4 and 19.2 months, respectively. Carcinomatosis extent and completeness of cytoreduction (p = 0.02 and p <0.001, respectively) were identified as independent prognostic factors. For CCR‐0 patients, overall and disease‐free survivals were 54.9 and 26.9 months, respectively.ConclusionSalvage therapy combining optimal cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC may achieve long‐term survival in selected patients with recurrent or chemoresistant ovarian cancer. This strategy may be most effective in patients with limited carcinomatosis or when cytoreductive surgery provides sufficient downstaging.
Pilot‐plant fractionation of soybean glycinin and β‐conglycinin
Authors: Wu Shaowen , Murphy Patricia A. , Johnson Lawrence A. , Fratzke Alfred R. , Reuber Mark A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA laboratory process for separating glycinin and β‐conglycinin from soybean flakes was successfully scaled up to the pilot‐plant scale (15 kg soy flakes). Average yields of the glycinin and β‐conglycinin fractions were both 9.4% on a dry basis (db). The protein contents of glycinin and β‐conglycinin fractions were 92.8 and 97.7% db, respectively. The glycinin and β‐conglycinin purities were 90.4 and 72.7% of the protein content, respectively, which were very comparable to those of the laboratory‐scale process. The total sulfhydryl plus half cystine content of the glycinin fraction was 37.8 mol/mol protein and 14.8 mol/mol protein for the β‐conglycinin fraction. The native glycinin structure loss in the glycinin fraction was negligible. The native β‐conglycinin loss in the β‐conglycinin fraction was 10%, as estimated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis analysis. Hydrophobicity index value showed that hydrophobic properties of the pilot‐plant protein fraction were ordered, from high to low: β‐conglycinin fraction > glycinin fraction > intermediate mixture fraction.
Effect of extraction conditions on sensory quality of virgin olive oil
Authors: Morales M. T. , Aparicio R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe extraction conditions of virgin olive oil have a great influence on its sensory quality. During the centrifugation process, temperature and time of malaxing can be altered to potentially affect quality. Malaxing times (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min) and temperatures (25 and 35°C) were studied in an experimental oil mill. Volatile compounds, produced through the lipoxygenase pathway (hexanal, Z‐3‐hexenal, E‐2‐hexenal, hexyl acetate, Z‐3‐hexenyl acetate, hexan‐1‐ol, E‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, Z‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, and E‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol), were analyzed by dynamic headspace gas chromatography, gas chromatographymass spectrometry, and gas chromatography‐olfactometry. Different amounts of volatiles responsible for positive attributes of green aroma and negative attributes of astringent mouthfeel of virgin olive oil were determined. The results, after applying mathematical procedures, showed that a temperature of 25°C and a malaxing time between 30 and 45 min produced volatile compounds that contribute to the best sensory quality. High temperature (T≥35°C) with minimum values of time (t<30 min) could also be useful as an alternative way to obtain pleasant green virgin olive oils.
Effects of free fatty acids on oxidative stability of vegetable oil
Authors: Frega N. , Mozzon M. , Lercker G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of free fatty acid (FFA) content on the susceptibility to thermooxidative degeneration of vegetable oils was determined by Rancimat analysis. A prooxidant effect of FFA was observed in all filtered oils, independently of lipidic substrate and of its state of hydrolytic and oxidative alteration. The intensity of this effect was related to FFA concentration, but regression analysis of the experimental data did not show a general correlation law between FFA concentration and induction time (It). Different results were obtained for freshly processed virgin olive oils, characterized by postpressing natural suspension‐dispersion: opposite behavior was observed of FFA content as regards oxidative stability, depending on the presence of suspended‐dispersed material. This fact is of interest because the dispersed particles play a double stabilizing effect on both oxidative and hydrolytic degradation. These results showed that avoidance of oil filtration is highly desirable to extend olive oil's shelf life.
Effects of natural and synthetic antioxidants on changes in refined, bleached, and deodorized palm olein during deep‐fat frying of potato chips
Authors: Che Man Y. B. , Tan C. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effects of antioxidants on the changes in quality characteristics of refined, bleached, and deodorized (RBD) palm olein during deep‐fat frying (at 180°C) of potato chips for 3.5 h/d for seven consecutive days in five systems were compared in this study. The systems were RBD palm olein without antioxidant (control), with 200 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 200 ppm butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 200 ppm oleoresin rosemary, and 200 ppm sage extract. Fried oil samples were analyzed for peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, iodine value (IV), free fatty acid (FFA) content, polymer content, viscosity, E1%1 cm at 232 and 268 nm, color, fatty acid composition, and C18:2/C16:0 ratio. Sensory quality of the potato chips fried in these systems prior to storage was also evaluated. The storage stability of fried potato chips for 14 wk at ambient temperature was also determined by means of the TBA values and sensory evaluation for rancid odor. Generally, in the oil, oleoresin rosemary gave the lowest rate of increase of TBA value, polymer content, viscosity, E1%1 cm at 232 and 268 nm compared to control and three other antioxidants. The order of effectiveness (P<0.05) in inhibiting oil oxidation in RBD palm olein was oleoresin rosemary > BHA > sage extract > BHT > control. Prior to storage, the sensory evaluation of fried potato chips for each system showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference in terms of flavor, odor, texture, and overall acceptability. The same order of effectiveness (P<0.05) of antioxidants was observed for storage stability study of fried potato chips by TBA values. However, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in sensory evaluation for rancid odor during storage periods.
High burden of invasive β-haemolytic streptococcal infections in Fiji
Authors: STEER A. C. , JENNEY A. J. W. , OPPEDISANO F. , BATZLOFF M. R. , HARTAS J. , PASSMORE J. , RUSSELL F. M. , KADO J. H. H. , CARAPETIS J. R. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYWe undertook a 5-year retrospective study of group A streptococcal (GAS) bacteraemia in Fiji, supplemented by a 9-month detailed retrospective study of β-haemolytic streptococcal (BHS) infections. The all-age incidence of GAS bacteraemia over 5 years was 11·6/100 000. Indigenous Fijians were 4·7 times more likely to present with invasive BHS disease than people of other ethnicities, and 6·4 times more likely than Indo-Fijians. The case-fatality rate for invasive BHS infections was 28%. emm-typing was performed on 23 isolates: 17 different emm-types were found, and the emm-type profile was different from that found in industrialized nations. These data support the contentions that elevated rates of invasive BHS and GAS infections are widespread in developing countries, and that the profile of invasive organisms in these settings reflects a wide diversity of emm-types and a paucity of types typically found in industrialized countries.
Estimating the coverage of a targeted mobile tuberculosis screening programme among illicit drug users and homeless persons with truncated models
Authors: VAN HEST N. A. H. , De VRIES G. , SMIT F. , GRANT A. D. , RICHARDUS J. H. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYTruncated models are indirect methods to estimate the size of a hidden population which, in contrast to the capture–recapture method, can be used on a single information source. We estimated the coverage of a tuberculosis screening programme among illicit drug users and homeless persons with a mobile digital X-ray unit between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2005 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, using truncated models. The screening programme reached about two-third of the estimated target population at least once annually. The intended coverage (at least two chest X-rays per person per year) was about 23%. We conclude that simple truncated models can be used relatively easily on available single-source routine data to estimate the size of a population of illicit drug users and homeless persons. We assumed that the most likely overall bias in this study would be overestimation and therefore the coverage of the targeted mobile tuberculosis screening programme would be higher.
Dose- and time-dependent effects of TNFα and actinomycin D on cell death incidence and embryo growth in mouse blastocysts
Authors: Fabian D. , Juhás S. , Il'ková G. , Koppel J. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThis study was undertaken to obtain information about characteristics of different types of induced apoptosis in preimplantation embryos. Freshly isolated mouse blastocysts were culturedin vitrowith the addition of two apoptotic inductors – TNFα and actinomycin D – at various doses and times. The average number of nuclei and the percentage of dead cells were evaluated in treated embryos. Classification of dead cells was based on morphological assessment of their nuclei evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, the detection of specific DNA degradation (TUNEL assay), the detection of active caspase-3 and cell viability assessed by propidium iodide staining. The addition of both apoptotic inductors into culture media significantly increased cell death incidence in blastocysts. Their effects were dose and time dependent. Lower concentrations of inductors increased cell death incidence, usually without affecting embryo growth after 24 h culture. Higher concentrations of inductors caused wider cell damage and also retarded embryo development. In all experiments, the negative effect of actinomycin D on blastomere survival and blastocyst growth was greater than the effect of TNFα. Furthermore, the addition of actinomycin D into culture media increased cell death incidence even after 6 h culture. Differences resulted probably from diverse specificity of apoptotic inductors. The majority of dead cells in treated blastocysts were of apoptotic origin. Morphological and biochemical features of apoptotic cell death induced by both TNFα and actinomycin D were similar and had homologous profile. In blastomeres, similarly to somatic cells, the biochemical pathways of induced apoptosis included activation of caspase-3 and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation.
Differential expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines between nasal and small intestinal mucosae: implications for T‐ and sIgA+ B‐lymphocyte recruitment
Authors: Bourges Dorothée , Chevaleyre Claire , Wang CaiHong , Berri Mustapha , Zhang XiaoMei , Nicaise Laetitia , Meurens François , Salmon Henri 
Published: July 2007

SummaryNasal and small intestinal mucosae are the first sites of contact with infectious agents and the sites of T‐cell‐mediated and secreted immunoglobulin A (IgA)‐mediated defences against pathogens. We investigated the factors controlling the infiltration of CD3+ T lymphocytes and surface IgA+ (sIgA+) B lymphocytes into swine epithelium and lamina propria (LP) within and between these two mucosal effector sites. Vascular addressins, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule‐1 were reciprocally expressed in both mucosae. Strong expression of α4β1 relative to α4β7 was characteristic of CD3+ T cells in nasal mucosa LP and epithelium and of sIgA+ cells in nasal mucosa epithelium. The same profile was observed on corresponding blood cells. Conversely, higher levels of integrins β7 and α4β7 than α4β1 were characteristic of CD3+ T cells and sIgA+ cells in the small intestine. However, about 40% of the LP‐activated sIgA+ cells displayed sIgAhigh, integrin α4 and integrin α4 expression. Whereas CCL19, CXCL12, CCL21 and CCL28 messenger RNAs were similarly expressed in both mucosae, CCL25 messenger RNA was only expressed in the small intestine. Thus, the nasal and small intestine mucosae represent separate compartments for infiltration by CD3+ T cells and sIgA+ effector cells, with the exception of a population of small intestine activated sIgA+ cells, which may gain access to both mucosae.
Pathological Survivin Expression Links Viral Infections with Pathogenesis of Erosive Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bokarewa M. , Tarkowski A. , Magnusson M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Insufficient apoptosis in the inflamed RA synovium along with accumulation of highly differentiated B‐ and T‐lymphocytes as well as invasive growth of macrophages and fibroblasts is among the major mechanisms supporting joint destruction. We have recently shown that circulating survivin, an apoptotis inhibitor tightly bound to tumorigenesis, is an independent predictor of development and progression of joint destruction in RA. In this review we discuss the possible connectivity between viral infection, leading to interferon (IFN)‐alpha production, survivin expression, and subsequent joint inflammation. The role of IFN‐α and the involvement of IFN transcription factors and phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase signalling as essential modulators of arthritogenic process are discussed in the context of survivin.
Progress in Serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Abebe F. , Holm‐Hansen C. , Wiker H. G. , Bjune G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOne‐third of the world population is estimated to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Accurate and timely identification of infected individuals is critical for treatment and control. The current diagnostic methods lack the desired sensitivity and specificity, require sophisticated equipment and skilled workforce or take weeks to yield results. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB, TB‐HIV co‐infection, childhood TB and sputum smear‐negative pulmonary TB pose serious challenges. Interest in developing serodiagnostic methods is increasing because detection of antibody is rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive, and does not require a living cell for detection. Three types of tests, namely screening tests to overcome diagnostic delay, specific tests for diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB and other bacteriologically negative cases, and tests for vaccine‐induced immunity need critical consideration. Several factors must be considered to develop serodiagnostic methods for TB. Antigen recognition by infected individuals is highly heterogeneous due to stage of disease, differences in HLA types, strain of the bacilli, health of the patient and bacillary load. With advances in molecular biological techniques, a number of novel antigens have been identified. Some of these antigens have proven valuable in detecting specific antibodies in some of the most challenging TB patients. The best example is a fusion protein containing several M. tuberculosis proteins (e.g. CFP‐10, MTB8, MTB48, MTB81 and the 38‐kDa protein) which showed encouraging results in detecting antibodies in sera of patients, including TB‐HIV co‐infection. This review presents progress made in the serodiagnosis of TB during the last decade.
Allosteric Changes in the TCR/CD3 Structure Upon Interaction With Extra‐ or Intra‐cellular Ligands
Authors: Rubin B. , Knibiehler M. , Gairin J. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractT lymphocytes are activated by the interaction between the T‐cell antigen receptor (TCR) and peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The avidity of this TCR–pMHC interaction is very low. Therefore, several hypotheses have been put forward to explain how T cells become specifically activated despite this handicap: conformational change model, aggregation model, kinetic segregation model, sequential interaction model and permissive geometry model. In the present paper, we conducted experiments to distinguish between the TCR‐aggregation model and the TCR‐conformational change model. The results obtained using a TCR capture ELISA with Brij 98‐solubilized TCR molecules from normal or activated T cells showed that the ligand–TCR interaction causes structural changes in the CD3ε cytoplasmic tail as well as in the extracellular TCRβ FG loop region. Size‐fractionation experiments with Brij 98‐solubilized TCR/CD3/co‐receptor complexes from naïve or activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells demonstrated that such complexes are found as either dimers or tetramers. No monomers or multimers were detected. We propose that: (1) ligand–TCR interaction results in conformational changes in the CD3ε cytoplasmic tail leading to T‐cell activation; (2) CD3ε cytoplasmic tail interaction with intracellular proteins may dissociate pMHC and co‐receptors (CD4 or CD8) from TCR/CD3 complexes, thus leading to the arrest of T‐cell activation; and (3) T‐cell activation appears to occur among dimers or tetramers of TCR/CD3/co‐receptor complexes interacting with self and non‐self (foreign) peptide‐MHC complexes.
Macrogol 3350 plus electrolytes for chronic constipation in children: A single‐centre, open‐label study
Authors: Hardikar Winita , Cranswick Noel , Heine Ralf G 
Published: July 2007

Aim:  A Macrogol 3350‐based, iso‐osmotic laxative has become available for the treatment of chronic constipation in adults. This open‐label, non‐randomised study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this preparation in the treatment of chronic constipation in children.Methods:  Seventy‐eight children, aged 2–11 years, with chronic constipation for greater than 3 months were enrolled. All children received Macrogol 3350 plus electrolytes for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the number of spontaneous defaecations per week. Secondary efficacy variables were faecal form, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, pain on defaecation, straining, soiling, amount of stool, stool withholding and assessments of efficacy by the investigators and parents. Safety and compliance were also assessed.Results:  The mean number of spontaneous defaecations per week increased from 1.4 ± 0.55 (SD) at baseline to 6.8 ± 3.45 after 14 days, and 7.1 ± 3.45 at 12 weeks (P < 0.001). Similar improvements were found in the secondary efficacy variables. There was a significant reduction in reported abdominal pain from 53 (69%) children at baseline to 3 (4%) at the final visit (P < 0.0001). Similarly, 61 (79%) children had pain on defaecation at baseline, compared with 7 (9%) at the final visit (P < 0.0001). Treatment was well tolerated. Of 318 adverse events, 262 (82%) were considered mild, and 241 (76%) were deemed unrelated to treatment. Only 3 (4%) children were withdrawn because of poor compliance.Conclusions:  Macrogol 3350 plus electrolytes is a safe and effective treatment for constipation in children aged 2–11 years.