bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Youth Tutor upon teachers' perception of some maladjusted behaviour
Authors: PRITCHARD COLIN , BUTLER ALAN 
Published: April 2006

SUMMARY
There has been a long‐standing interest in attempting to link home and school (Central Advisory Council 1967) and the recognition of the importance of the child's home background upon his educational achievement has grown (Douglas et al. 1972, Wedge & Prosser 1973). It would seem that in practice however, the main school‐home contact has been the Education Welfare Officer (Pritchard 1973). While Plowden stressed the potential of the Education Welfare Officer it is known that there are difficulties in realizing this because of shortcomings in the Education Welfare Officer's training and status (Pritchard 1974, Local Government Training Board 1974).In the United States home and school have been brought together by the long‐established School Cotmsellor or School Social Worker (Clegg & Megson 1970). It has been found however, that even in the United States their role has been diffuse, depending upon variations in local policy and there has been little examination of their work (Know et al. 1974). IN the United Kingdom social work has grown (Lyons 1973) as local education authorities have made various efforts to orientate schools towards the community; one such method was the Central Lancashire Family and Community Project (Marshall & Rose 1975). The project centred upon the work of School Social Workers, and their work in reducing maladaptive behaviour was encouraging. Another such scheme was introduced by the West Riding County Council who appointed Youth Tutors to some of their secondary schools. The Youth Tutors' work varied greatly as different emphasis was placed upon their work, though they generally acted in a counselling role and sought to involve the home and commvmity with the school and also attempted t o establish more extracurricular activities (Sedgwick 1975). It is with this development that the present study is concerned.We attempted to discover something of the Youth Tutors' influence, if any, upon the teachers' perception of children's behaviour in school. We wished to determine whether there would be any variation in the perception of teachers who came from schools which had a Youth Tutor and those which had not. We focused upon teachers' views of the origin of the behaviour and what action they might take in response to such children.
SPINA BIFIDA CHILDREN IN ORDINARY SCHOOLS
Authors: HALLIWELL MILES D. , SPAIN BERNIE 
Published: April 2006

Summary When followed‐up at 6 years, 62 of a cohort of 155 spina bifida children had been placed in ordinary schools. The children's handicaps were relatively mild overall, and placements were generally successful. However, discussions with school staff and parents indicated that not all placements had been trouble‐free.In common with previous research, a need for better communication between schools, medical authorities and other support services was revealed, as was the desirability of welfare‐assistant provision where handicaps were appreciable. Suggestions are made about the support education and community medical services will need to consider if they wish to implement a more radical integration policy. The appointment of an advisory teacher to effect liaison and to mobilize support for ordinary schools accepting a handicapped child would seem desirable, particularly to ensure that the resources and expertise concentrated in special schools would be made more‐widely available.
ACTION RESEARCH AND EVALUATION: CAN RESEARCH AND PRACTICE BE SUCCESSFULLY COMBINED?
Authors: SANDOW SARAH 
Published: April 2006

Summary Educative intervention with the young severely subnormal child and his family is envisaged as an example of ‘action research’ in which the dual roles of the practitioner‐researcher and the client‐subject are examined.A view of the effect of the interaction of these roles on the intervention and its evaluation is given, and conclusions drawn concerning the nature of evaluation appropriate in future projects of this kind.
PRENTAL RESPONSES TO THER DEVELOPMENTALLY DELAYED CHILDREN AND THE SOUTH GLAMORGAN HOME ADVISORY SERVICE
Authors: WISHART M. C. , BIDDER R. T. , GRAY O. P. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This study was undertaken to investigate how parents who have a child with some degree of handicap describe their child's behaviour and their own feelings and adjustment to having such a child. Their response was compared with that of parents of age‐matched children without any known development difficulties. The parents and children were grouped according to the manifested handicap of the child (Down's syndrome, developmental quotient (DQ) greater than 65, DQ less than 65 with/without limb dysfunction and normal controls). The children's ages ranged from 4 to 126 months and they all had received the South Glamorgan Home Advisory Service (HAS) at some time. Sixty‐one families completed attitude and behaviour rating scales and parents were asked to express their preferences for prescribed services. The attitude and rating scales were also completed by twenty‐five control families with normal children.A consistent trend was revealed towards increasingly favourable attitudes and feelings from past to future, and the DQ less than 65, with/without limb dysfunction, group was found to require further investigation in terms of provision of appropriate services. A distinct preference was shown for the South Glamorgan Home Advisory Service.
Parents' report of family life with a developmentally delayed child
Authors: WISHART M. C. , BIDDER R. T. , GRAY O. P. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This study was undertaken to investigate how parents who have a child with some degree of handicap perceive the effect of the child on family life. Also, a measure of parental health was taken. The parents' response was compared with that of parents of age‐matched children without any known developmental difficulties. The parents and children were grouped according to the manifested handicap of the child [Down's syndrome, developmental quotient (DQ) greater than 65, DQ less than 65 with/without limb dysfunction and normal controls]. The children's ages ranged from 4 to 126 months and they all had received the South Glamorgan Home Advisory Service (HAS) at some time. Sixty‐one families completed a questionnaire concerning family life and activities and Rutter's Malaise Inventory (Rutter et al. 1971). Thirty‐one control families also completed the questionnaire and Malaise Inventory.The findings showed very little difference between the control group and handicapped groups and suggested that the presence of a delayed child in the family unit does not appear to change the family routine to any large extent. Parents of handicapped children were not found to suffer from significantly greater ill health when compared with the parents of normal children. The implication of the results is that provision should be made available for both fathers and mothers to play an equal part in the support facilities and guidance offered.
The relationship between spina bifida children's intelligence test scores on school entry and at school leaving: a preliminary report
Authors: TEW B. J. , LAURENCE K. M. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
Very high correlations are reported for Wechsler Intelligence Test scores taken at 5, 10 and 16 years, indicating that, for the majority of spina bifida children, very reliable predictions regarding intellectual status at 16 years of age can be made upon entry to school.Intelligence test scores of spina bifida children show statistically significant correlations between 18 months and 5 years of age, even when different intelligence tests are used (Fishman & Palkes 1974). Very high correlations between test scores have been reported also over a 5‐year period during schooling (Tew & Laurence 1974). Stability rather than variability of test scores appears to be true also for children with hydrocephalus only (Laurence 1969), but the long term reliability of IQ scores for spina bifida children remains unknown.
Partnership with fathers in combating malnutrition: their views as to causes and treatment of protein energy malnutrition
Authors: OJOFEITIMI E. O. , ADELEKAN M. O. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
Fathers of children suffering from overt protein energy malnutrition (PEM) attending our Nutrition Rehabilitation Clinic in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, were visited at their homes to enquire, by means of interview, about their perceptions of the local names given to PEM, its causes and treatment. From the 56 homes visited, 23 fathers were met and participated in the study. Approximately 44% of the fathers recognized PEM as a cause of childhood disease. About 35% of the respondents attributed the cause of PEM to childhood infection and 26% attributed it to congenital disease transferred from pregnant mothers. One‐sixth of the fathers were able to link PEM to lack of good feeding. Hospital‐based treatment was advocated by 70% of the fathers, whilst 13% opted for traditional medicine and 17% opted for modern medicine. About 35% of the fathers were of the view that child welfare should be mainly the responsibility of the mother.Ignorance, prolonged absence of fathers from the home and poor sanitation were found to be some of the important aetiological factors of PEM. Strategies for prevention of PEM through active involvement by the fathers, and the vital role of home visits are discussed.
Infantile colic: incidence and treatment in a Norfolk community
Authors: RUBIN S. P. , PRENDERGAST M. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
In a prospective study of 1019 infant and mother pairs, 268 infants suffered with ‘infantile colic’. Significantly more of these were breast fed, supporting the proposed theory of a colic‐producing factor in breast milk. Social class and maternal education were not related to the incidence of colic. Seventy‐two percent of our infants with colic suffered from classical evening colic. The symptoms did not disappear from all the infants by 3 months ‐ over 38% continued to have symptoms after 31/2 months of age. Treatment is limited, but merbentyl helped to relieve symptoms to a varying degree in over 60% of the infants who tried it. The family relationships are often strained during this period and this appears to persist when at one year of age significantly more of these infants were described as demanding, miserable and bad‐tempered by their mothers.Unexplained prolonged crying of infants is often attributed to some form of bowel related discomfort, and this condition is known as infantile colic. It most commonly occurs in the evenings. Symptoms usually disappear by the fourth or fifth month of life. This study was designed to consider the possible aetiological factors and the efficacy of various treatments.
Portage guide to early intervention: cross‐cultural aspects and intra‐cultural variability
Authors: STURMEY P. , THORBURN M. J. , BROWN J. M. , REED J. , KAUR J. , KING G. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
The issues arising from implementing an early intervention service, developed in the rural United States in the late 1960s in a range of different cultural contexts over a period of a quarter of a century, are explained. Services from India, Bangladesh, Jamaica and the United Kingdom are compared.As well as considering cross‐cultural aspects of Portage, variability within one country, the United Kingdom, is considered by comparing one service in an inner‐city area and one in a rural area.
Five‐year‐follow‐up of very low birth weight infants: neurological and psychological outcome
Authors: ROUSSOUNIS S. H. , HUBLEY P. A. , DEAR P. R. F. 
Published: April 2006

Summary All surviving infants with birthweight ≤ 1500 g born in 1982 and 1983 at St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, were followed up for 5 years. There were 88 survivors (including 5 in utero transfers) from the original cohort of 126 infants. In their fifth year the following assessments were made; neurological, audiological, intellectual, behavioural, growth and general health. A comparison group of full‐term male infants was also studied with respect to intellectual status, social and emotional behaviour and general health.Principal neurological impairments found were: cerebral palsy 9 (10·2%), hydrocephalus 1 (1·1%), epilepsy 2 (2·3%) and sensorineural deafness 2 (2·3%). One third of the VLBW children required the services of the child development centre. Seventy‐nine of the 88 VLBW children were tested with the WPPSL Seven (8·8%) scored below 70. The VLBW boys had mean IQ scores of 90·6 while the mean for the girls was 100–2. The very low birthweight boys were significantly intellectually impaired compared with their peers.Socially and emotionally they were largely comparable with their full‐term peers. The findings suggest that there has been no increase in severe disability following a policy of active neonatal intensive care. However, the quality of survival of VLBW children born in the 1980s, despite improvements care perinatal care, remains a major concern.
Handedness in children at school entry: does the ‘Mesker test’ provide a valid method for testing writing handedness?
Authors: WARREN ELISABETH , McKINLAY IAN 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe ‘Mesker test’, an experiment devised after the psycho‐motor dominance test described by the Dutch paediatrician Mesker, was evaluated as a method for testing writing handedness in 145 children at school entry in Crewe Health Authority. Also included in the assessment was if, and how these children know their laterality.Positive outcome was measured as Mesker test result corresponding to spontaneous hand‐preference in symbol copying. The correct indication of right arm or leg was evaluated in relation to the outcome by chance.The Mesker test could not confirm hand‐preference in children at school entry. There was no significant relation to the child's maturity and no significant consistency in test performance. The sub‐group of right‐handed writers who confirmed their handedness showed an almost significant level of consistency.No more children who thought they knew the right side indicated the correct limb then could have been arrived at by chance. This was not significantly related to having been taught, writing handedness or maturity. It is concluded therefore, that at school entry age children don't have a good knowledge of their body's laterality.Although the Mesker test does not confirm writing handedness at school entry, it may be useful in older children with inconsistent laterality.
Parents' views of community care for children with motor disabilities
Authors: HAYLOCK CLARE L. , JOHNSON M. ANN , HARPIN VALERIE A. 
Published: April 2006

Summary In this study we have ascertained the views of 40 parents of 4‐year‐old children with motor disabilities, on the health and education services, social service and the availability of respite care. The children with moderate or severe motor disability who were born in 1985, were identified from the Oxford Regional Register of Early Childhood Impairment.Thirty‐three (83%) completed a questionnaire taken to the home by the health visitor. Although most parents had access to a range of services, lack of information in the early years, fragmentation of services and limited choices were identified as problems. Parents regarded the breadth of care provided by the pre‐school teacher counsellor and the nursery school as very useful, whereas the health service and social services were perceived as less appropriate.This small study suggests that for some families, the objectives of community care as identified in the Griffiths Report (Griffiths 1988) and reiterated in the Children Act (1989) are not yet being met.
Screening and assessment of childhood deafness: experience from a centralized multi‐disciplinary service
Authors: O'HARE ANNE E. , GRIGOR JACQUELINE , COWAN DAVID 
Published: April 2006

Summary A paediatric hearing assessment unit was set up in Lothian in 1978 to provide a clear referral pathway for children with suspected sensorineural hearing impairment and particularly for those children detected by the health visitor screening test.Over a 6‐year‐period the incidence of bilateral sensorineural deafness was 1–3/1000 suggesting that all children in the region were being seen. The mean age of diagnosis fell significantly over this period. Children in high risk groups, through adverse perinatal events or a positive family history, were not detected any earlier than other children. They were therefore not contributing to this improved earlier age of diagnosis. These findings support the continuation of health visitor screening but changes in practice are needed to encourage earlier diagnosis in high‐risk groups.
Children and adolescents with brittle bones — psycho‐social aspects
Authors: BRODIN JANE 
Published: April 2006

Summary Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) or brittle bones is a most unusual disease and there is a limited number of people in the whole world suffering from it. Most studies reported from this area are in the medical field and few illuminate the psycho‐social effects of the disease.Three studies of children and young people with brittle bones have been carried out within the psycho‐social field in Sweden. They are all based on inquiries and interviews with children and parents engaged in the Swedish National Organization for Physically Disabled Children and Adolescents.
Muscle and brain disease: an update
Authors: GORDON N. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
A number of syndromes included under this rubric are considered, and their main features discussed The congenital muscular dystrophy of the Fukuyama type as it occurs in Japan and in the western world are almost certainly the same condition. The muscle disorder is associated with cerebral lesions which may be due to an arrest of neural migration or to demyelination. Muscle, eye and brain disease, or Santavuori's syndrome, shows ocular abnormalities, as well as those of the muscle and brain, as does the Walker‐Warburg syndrome. In the latter disorder the cerebral lesions tend to be more severe, and it is more rapidly fatal.The manifestations of all these syndromes undoubtedly overlap, but there has been controversy on the question of their identity. Are they separate entities, or are they different expressions of a similar genetic disorder? The genes for all these conditions will have to be isolated to see if the different phenotypes are alleles of the same gene, or not. Some of the arguments, for and against, are presented.
Management of infant sleep problems in a residential unit
Authors: LEESON R. , BARBOUR J. , ROMANIUK D. , WARR R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTorrens House provides a short residential programme for families with a baby (8–12 months of age) identified by parents as having a sleep problem such as waking frequently at night and being difficult to settle. The programme involves the promotion of infant self‐settling by the use of a controlled crying technique, together with wrapping, cessation of night feeds and establishment of a day‐time routine.Twenty families (with 23 babies) were followed through the programme and for 3 months afterwards. There were significant decreases in the number of times the babies woke, the number of night‐feeds and the length of time awake at night at 1 month follow‐up, with a reduction in depressive symptomatology of the parents and a perceived improvement in their infants' behaviour. Twenty of the 23 babies were sleeping well at 3 month follow‐up.
Social support received by mothers of chronically ill children*
Authors: PELLETIER L. , GODIN G. , LEPAGE L. , DUSSAULT G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe main purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the social networks and social support of mothers of chronically ill children and adolescents. The data collected also allowed for the identification of the predisposing factors to receiving low social support among the mothers. Receipt of social support was assessed according to six dimensions: source of support, type of support, perceived need for support, satisfaction with the quality and the quantity of support, as well as most valued source of support. Results indicate that mothers wanted more support than they received, particularly in the areas of emotional, appraisal, and informative support. Furthermore, spouses, professionals, and immediate family members were identified by mothers as important sources of support. Discriminant analysis showed that the probability of receiving low support increased if the chronically ill child was an adolescent, the father had a higher level of education, and the family income was middle‐low. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for intervention.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms in children and parents following a school‐based fatality
Authors: Parker J , Watts H , Allsopp M R 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn 1991 the roof blew off a Swindon Primary School. One child was killed. Two years later 19 of her classmates were interviewed. The parent who collected the child from school that day was also interviewed. Recalled levels of post‐traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) symptoms were assessed in both parent and child in the month following the incident The children's symptom levels at 2 years were also assessed. Parents and children recalled significant post‐traumatic stress reactions at 1 month. The level of symptoms in parents did not correlate with that of their own children.
Personal health record for school children with multiple needs
Authors: Vaz I 
Published: April 2006

SummaryChildren with severe learning difficulties in special schools often have multiple physical disabilities. Their case notes are frequently bulky. Many professionals are involved in their care and information on the child is seldom readily available or accessible. A concise, regularly updated Personal Health Record given to the child or carer would overcome these problems and allow for timely and appropriate care to be provided.
Family involvement in multidisciplinary team evaluation: professional and parent perspectives
Authors: Simeonsson R J , Edmondson R , Smith T , Camahan S , Bucy J E 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFor many children and families, a multidisciplinary team evaluation Is their introduction to special education systems. Increasingly, federal guidelines mandating parent involvement in ail aspects of service provision have meant that parents are being asked to participate as part of the evaluation team. If families and professionals are to serve as partners in the evaluation process, mutual respect and understanding of one anothers’perspectives will be crucial. This paper uses survey data from 39 parents and 81 professionals to examine the various expectations and perceptions brought by participants to the assessment process. Results indicated that there is substantial variability of perceptions among parents and professionals about the nature of child assessment and their respective roles in it. implications for research and practice are discussed, along with techniques for involving families in the assessment process in more meaningful ways.