bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humeral Avulsion of the Glenohumeral Ligaments
Authors: Bui-Mansfield Liem T. , Banks Kevin P. , Taylor Dean C. 
Published: April 2007

Background Anterior instability of the shoulder is a frequently encountered clinical problem that is seen after avulsion of the capsulolabral complex from the glenoid rim (Bankart lesion). Recently, it has been determined that avulsion of the glenohumeral ligaments is an infrequent but important cause of recurrent instability after shoulder injury. Although the various forms of this injury have been described in the literature, no standardized nomenclature exists. This is of concern given the need for different surgical approaches to repair the various forms of this injury and therefore the inherent need to accurately convey the location of the avulsion and presence of concomitant injuries. Hypothesis Based on the available literature for humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesions, a nomenclature can be created to enhance the understanding and improve communication about these uncommon but important pathologic changes that occur with shoulder instability. Study Design Systematic review. Methods The findings pertaining to 6 patients with humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesions encountered at our institution were combined with a literature search of the MEDLINE database conducted using the PubMed search engine of the National Library of Medicine and National Center for Biotechnology Information. Results The West Point nomenclature was developed to clearly describe the various forms of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesions encountered as well as their associated injuries. Conclusions The West Point nomenclature provides a practical and easy to understand means by which to classify humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament lesions. This allows for more effective communication, which should result in improved clinical care.
Rituximab Added to First-Line Mitoxantrone, Chlorambucil, and Prednisolone Chemotherapy Followed by Interferon Maintenance Prolongs Survival in Patients With Advanced Follicular Lymphoma: An East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology Study
Authors: Herold Michael , Haas Antje , Srock Stefanie , Neser Sabine , Al-Ali Kathrin Haifa , Neubauer Andreas , Dölken Gottfried , Naumann Ralph , Knauf Wolfgang , Freund Mathias , Rohrberg Robert , Höffken Klaus , Franke Astrid , Ittel Thomas , Kettner Erika , Haak Ursula , Mey Ulrich , Klinkenstein Christian , Aβmann Michael , von Grünhagen Ullrich 
Published: April 2007

Purpose Rituximab has been shown to be active in follicular lymphoma (FL), both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy. We conducted a randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, and prednisolone (MCP) chemotherapy plus rituximab with MCP alone. Patients and Methods Previously untreated patients with stage III or IV CD20+ indolent or mantle cell lymphoma were randomly assigned to either eight 28-day cycles of MCP plus rituximab (R-MCP; n = 181) or eight cycles of MCP alone (n = 177). All patients who achieved a complete or partial remission were treated with interferon maintenance until relapse. Herein, we report the results from the primary analysis population of patients with FL, who constituted the majority of patients (56%) recruited to the trial (n = 201; R-MCP, n = 105; MCP, n = 96). Results Rates of overall and complete response were significantly higher in the R-MCP arm than the MCP arm (overall response, 92% v 75%, respectively; P = .0009; complete response, 50% v 25%, respectively; P = .004). With a median follow-up time of 47 months, median event-free survival (EFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) times were significantly prolonged with R-MCP compared with MCP (EFS, not reached v 26 months, respectively; P < .0001; PFS, not reached v 28.8 months, respectively; P < .0001), and overall survival (OS) was significantly improved with R-MCP compared with MCP (4-year OS rate, 87% v 74%, respectively; P = .0096). Conclusion The R-MCP regimen significantly improves complete and overall response rates, EFS, PFS, and OS in patients with previously untreated advanced FL, without a clinically significant increase in toxicity.
Patterns of Survival in Multiple Myeloma: A Population-Based Study of Patients Diagnosed in Sweden From 1973 to 2003
Authors: Kristinsson Sigurdur Yngvi , Landgren Ola , Dickman Paul W. , Derolf Åsa Rangert , Björkholm Magnus 
Published: April 2007

Purpose To define patterns of survival among all multiple myeloma (MM) patients diagnosed in Sweden during a 30-year period. Patients and Methods A total of 14,381 MM patients (7,643 males; 6,738 females) were diagnosed in Sweden from 1973 to 2003 (median age, 69.9 years; range 19 to 101 years). Patients were categorized into six age categories and four calendar periods (1973 to 1979, 1980 to 1986, 1987 to 1993, and 1994 to 2003). We computed relative survival ratios (RSRs) as measures of patient survival. Results One-year survival improved (P < .001) over time in all age groups and RSRs were 0.73, 0.78, 0.80, and 0.82 for the four calendar periods; however, improvement in 5-year (P < .001) and 10-year (P < .001) RSR was restricted to patients younger than 70 years and younger than 60 years, respectively. For the first time, in analyses restricted to MM patients diagnosed at age younger than 60 years, we found a 29% (P < .001) reduced 10-year mortality in the last calendar period (1994 to 2003) compared with the preceding calendar period (1987 to 1993). Females with MM had a 3% (P = .024) lower excess mortality than males. Conclusion One-year MM survival has increased for all age groups during the last decades; 5-year and 10-year MM survival has increased in younger patients (younger than 60 to 70 years). High-dose melphalan with subsequent autologous stem-cell transplantation, thalidomide, and a continuous improvement in supportive care measures are probably the most important factors contributing to this finding. New effective agents with a more favorable toxicity profile are needed to improve survival further, particularly in the elderly.
Outcome of Patients Experiencing Progression or Relapse After Primary Treatment With Two Cycles of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Favorable Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Sieniawski Michal , Franklin Jeremy , Nogova Lucia , Glossmann Jan-Peter , Schober Thomas , Nisters-Backes Hiltrud , Diehl Volker , Josting Andreas 
Published: April 2007

Purpose To evaluate treatment outcome of patients with early-stage favorable Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) who experience disease relapse after primary treatment with two cycles of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy (RT). Patients and Methods Of 1,129 patients with early-stage favorable HL enrolled onto the HD7/HD10/HD13 trials of the German Hodgkin Study Group, 42 patients were identified with treatment failure, of whom eight had primary progressive disease, seven had early relapse (≤ 12 months), and 27 had late relapse (> 12 months). We analyzed this group of patients for risk factors, salvage therapy, and treatment outcome. Results The median age was 41 years (range, 19 to 72 years); 24 patients were male, 15 patients had outfield relapse, 13 patients infield relapse, and nine patients outfield and infield relapse. At relapse, 24 patients were treated with conventional salvage chemotherapy, 14 patients were treated with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation, and four patients were treated with RT alone. At 36 months median follow-up, freedom from second treatment failure (FF2F) and overall survival (OS) were 52% and 67%, respectively. According to the prognostic score for relapsed HL (duration of first remission, clinical stage, and anemia at relapse), patients with two or three poor prognostic features had a significantly worse outcome compared with patients with none or one of these factors (P < .05 for FF2F and OS). Conclusion Relapse after primary treatment with two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine followed by RT is rare. In our analysis, results were influenced by a high treatment-related mortality rate. Additional studies are needed to define the optimal salvage therapy.
Application of Bond Energy Density Analysis (Bond-EDA) to Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Baba Takeshi , Ishii Motoki , Kikuchi Yasuaki , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The bond energy density analysis (Bond-EDA), which can evaluate bond energies in molecules by using the results of theoretical calculations, is applied to investigate chemical bonds in Diels–Alder (DA) reaction. Evaluation of the bond energies confirms the bond alternation in the reactant and product quantitatively, and shows that the TS structure is close to the reactant. In the case of regioselective reaction, local stabilities in newly formed bonds in the TS show significant differences, which correspond to the relationship of the bond distances.
Tetrathiaselenepin Ring Fused to Benzene and Naphthalene
Authors: Alam Ashraful , Ogawa Satoshi , Muraoka Hiroki , Kon-no Masaru , Nakajo Shiduko , Sato Ryu 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Benzo[1,2,3,4,5]tetrathiaselenepin is an unstable cyclic polychalcogenide. Isopropyl and/or methoxy groups at the neighboring of polychalcogen ring sterically stabilized the unstable ring. Replacing of aromatic unit from benzene to naphthalene also gave thermodynamic stability to the ring. Synthesis, characterization, and stability of some novel polychalcogenides are reported.
Popcorn-like Morphology of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Particles Formed in Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Zhou Li-min , Shi Shan , Kuroda Shin-ichi , Kubota Hitoshi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The formation of nonspherical, popcorn-like particles in the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate is reported. The essential synthesis conditions of such particles are relatively low temperature and low initiator concentration.
Polyacrylamide-based Functional Polymer-immobilized Perruthenate for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation
Authors: Hamamoto Hiromi , Kudoh Masahiro , Takahashi Hideyo , Natsugari Hideaki , Ikegami Shiro 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A novel polymer-bound perruthenate catalyst for aerobic oxidation was designed utilizing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). The catalyst is highly effective to oxidize primary alcohols into aldehydes and can be reused without any significant loss of catalytic activity.
Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alkenylphosphines by Lewis Acid-mediated Silylphosphination of Substituted Propiolates
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Matsuura Yutaka , Kurihara Katsutoshi , Maeda Daisuke , Nishimura Yasunobu , Morita Emi , Okasaka Miho , Watanabe Yutaka 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A synthesis of highly substituted alkenylphosphines by Lewis acid-mediated silylphosphination of substituted propiolates is described. The addition proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding acrylates, where the phosphino group attached at the β and the silyl group located at the α position of the resulting acrylate, in exclusively syn-stereochemistry.
A New Access to 3-Halo-3,3-difluoropropanoic Acid Derivatives via Fluorine–Halogen Exchange Reaction of Silyl Enolates of 3,3,3-Trifluoropropanoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Shimada Taichi , Konno Tsutomu , Ishihara Takashi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
On the treatment of silyl enolates derived from N-(3,3,3-trifluoropropanoyl)oxazolidinones with 2.0 equiv. of titanium(IV) halide at −20 °C for 2 h, a novel fluorine–halogen exchange reaction occurred efficiently to give 3-halo-3,3-difluoropropanoic imides in high yields.
Post‐disaster physical symptoms of firefighters and police officers: Role of types of exposure and post‐traumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Slottje Pauline , Witteveen Anke B. , Twisk Jos W. R. , Smidt Nynke , Huizink Anja C. , van Mechelen Willem , Smid Tjabe 
Published: April 2007

Objectives. To examine the relationships between exposure to the air disaster in Amsterdam and multiple physical symptoms among firefighters and police officers, and to explore the role of post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) herein.Design. Historic cohort study.Methods. On average 8.5 years post‐disaster, exposed professional firefighters (N = 334) and police officers (N = 834) and their nonexposed colleagues (N = 194 and N = 634, respectively) completed questionnaires on disaster exposure and current symptoms. Logistic regression with adjustment for background characteristics was used to compare exposed and nonexposed workers. PTSS were added to these models, as was the interaction between exposure and PTSS, to explore potential mediating and modifying effects, respectively.Results. Exposed workers reported multiple physical symptoms significantly more often. Multiple physical symptoms seemed to have particularly affected the exposed firefighters who rescued people, and the exposed police officers who supported injured victims and workers, who were involved in the identification of or search for victims and human remains, who witnessed the immediate disaster scene or had a close one affected by the disaster. These exposure effects were essentially independent of PTSS, and no significant interactions between exposure and PTSS were found.Conclusions. In conclusion, the excess in post‐disaster multiple physical symptoms in exposed workers could not be attributed to PTSS.
Healing of Hymenal Injuries in Prepubertal and Adolescent Girls: A Descriptive Study
Authors: McCann John , Miyamoto Sheridan , Boyle Cathy , Rogers Kristen 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to identify the healing process and outcome of hymenal injuries in prepubertal and adolescent girls.METHODS. This multicenter, retrospective project used photographs to document the healing process and outcome of hymenal trauma that was sustained by 239 prepubertal and pubertal girls whose ages ranged from 4 months to 18 years.RESULTS. The injuries that were sustained by the 113 prepubertal girls consisted of 21 accidental or noninflicted injuries, 73 secondary to abuse, and 19 “unknown cause” injuries. All 126 pubertal adolescents were sexual assault victims. The hymenal injuries healed at various rates and except for the deeper lacerations left no evidence of the previous trauma. Abrasions and “mild” submucosal hemorrhages disappeared within 3 to 4 days, whereas “marked” hemorrhages persisted for 11 to 15 days. Only petechiae and blood blisters proved to be “markers” for determining the approximate age of an injury. Petechiae resolved within 48 hours in the prepubertal girls and 72 hours in the adolescents. A blood blister was detected at 34 days in an adolescent. As lacerations healed, their observed depth became shallower and their configuration smoothed out. Of the girls who sustained “superficial,” “intermediate,” or “deep” lacerations, 15 of 18 prepubertal girls had smooth and continuous appearing hymenal rims, whereas 24 of 41 adolescents' hymens had a normal, “scalloped” appearance and 30 of 34 had no disruption of continuity on healing. The final “width” of a hymenal rim was dependent on the initial depth of the laceration. No scar tissue formation was observed in either group of girls.CONCLUSIONS. The hymenal injuries healed rapidly and except for the more extensive lacerations left no evidence of a previous injury. There were no significant differences in the healing process and the outcome of the hymenal injuries in the 2 groups of girls.
The relation between water-wells productivity and lineaments morphometry: selected zones from Lebanon
Authors: Shaban Amin , El-Baz Farouk , Khawlie Mohamad 
Published: April 2007

Several approaches have been applied to groundwater exploration. In some instances positive results occur, but this is not always the case. This led hydrogeologists to look for a credible approach upon which they can rely during preliminary surveys for groundwater exploration. The development of remote sensing tools along with GIS methodologies gave rise to many new approaches. Most significant among these is the mapping of linear features (lineaments), which appear on satellite images. These features mainly reflect fracture traces, faults or lithologic boundaries and, therefore, are considered as major hydrogeologic parameters to be taken into account.
The aim of this paper is to define an empirical relationship between lineament morphometric properties and the productivity of water wells. The three major properties of lineaments, i.e. frequency (Lf), density (Ld) and fault-lineaments (Fl), were analysed using Landsat 7 ETM+ images and GIS techniques. The resultant maps were correlated with the location of water wells in 90 sites from different regions of Lebanon. The resulting output showed an obvious relationship between productive wells and their proximity to fault lineaments. The closer the location of water wells to a ault trace the higher the water productivity. However, this hypothesis can be preliminary utilized in surveys for groundwater exploration, notably in a terrain with intensive rock deformation like that in Lebanon.
A molecular dynamics study on iridium
Authors: Ferah Gülen , Colakoglu Kemal , Ciftci Yasemin , Ozgen Soner , Kazanc Sefa 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are performed by using a modified form of Morse potential function in the framework of the Embedded Atom Method (EAM). Temperature-and pressure-dependent behaviours of bulk modulus, second-order elastic constants (SOEC), and the linear-thermal expansion coefficient is calculated and compared with the available experimental data. The melting temperature is estimated from 3 different plots. The obtained results are in agreement with the available experimental findings for iridium.
How exact are simplified scalar approaches to optical fields in oxide-confined stripe-geometry diode lasers?
Authors: Czyszanowski T. , Nakwaski W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOptical model, scalar or vectorial one, describing behaviour of an optical field within a diode-laser cavity, is one of the most important parts of modelling of a diode-laser operation. As compared to more accurate vectorial optical approaches, scalar ones are known to be less exact but simultaneously they need much less computation time. Besides, they have been sometimes found to be surprisingly exact even beyond their confirmed range of validity. Therefore, in this paper, real validity limits of their application have been determined by comparing their simplified results with more exact results obtained with the aid of vectorial models. The analysis comprises a comparison of an application of the most popular scalar approach to optical properties of diode lasers, i.e., the effective index method, and the vectorial method of lines for the standard 1.3-µm GaAs-based stripe-geometry diode laser. The scalar model has been found to be quite exact in the case of a determination of the effective refractive index, i.e., the wavelength of emitted radiation, whereas its exactness in the lasing threshold analysis is much worse, especially in the case of higher-order modes. Our analysis is concluded with a determination of the regions where both models give satisfactorily close results.
Directly modulated lasers in negative dispersion fiber links
Authors: Krehlik P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the paper the impact of frequency chirp of directly modulated lasers is considered in context of high-speed data transmission over negative dispersion fiber. Chirp/dispersion induced signal distortions are described, and detailed investigations of their influence on 10 Gb/s transmission system performance are presented. The desired laser chirp characteristics and optimal driving conditions are determined. It is also demonstrated that directly modulated laser with low chirp offers similar or even better dispersion tolerance than unchirped (externally modulated) source. Experimental verification of described investigations is presented at the end.
Polycrystalline lead selenide: the resurgence of an old infrared detector
Authors: Vergara G. , Montojo M. , Torquemada M. , Rodrigo M. , Sánchez F. , Gómez L. , Almazán R. , Verdú M. , Rodríguez P. , Villamayor V. , Álvarez M. , Diezhandino J. , Plaza J. , Catalán I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe existing technology for uncooled MWIR photon detectors based on polycrystalline lead salts is stigmatized for being a 50-year-old technology. It has been traditionally relegated to single-element detectors and relatively small linear arrays due to the limitations imposed by its standard manufacture process based on a chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) developed more than 40 years ago. Recently, an innovative method for processing detectors, based on a vapour phase deposition (VPD) technique, has allowed manufacturing the first 2D array of polycrystalline PbSe with good electro optical characteristics. The new method of processing PbSe is an all silicon technology and it is compatible with standard CMOS circuitry. In addition to its affordability, VPD PbSe constitutes a perfect candidate to fill the existing gap in the photonic and uncooled IR imaging detectors sensitive to the MWIR photons. The perspectives opened are numerous and very important, converting the old PbSe detector in a serious alternative to others uncooled technologies in the low cost IR detection market. The number of potential applications is huge, some of them with high commercial impact such as personal IR imagers, enhanced vision systems for automotive applications and other not less important in the security/defence domain such as sensors for active protection systems (APS) or low cost seekers.Despite the fact, unanimously accepted, that uncooled will dominate the majority of the future IR detection applications, today, thermal detectors are the unique plausible alternative. There is plenty of room for photonic uncooled and complementary alternatives are needed. This work allocates polycrystalline PbSe in the current panorama of the uncooled IR detectors, underlining its potentiality in two areas of interest, i.e., very low cost imaging IR detectors and MWIR fast uncooled detectors for security and defence applications. The new method of processing again converts PbSe into an emerging technology.
Sectioned offenders presenting with enduring mental illness: a study exploring behaviors indicative of bullying
Authors: Ireland Jane L. , Rowley John 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLogit and logistic regression analyses were employed to explore the nature, extent and predictors of behaviors indicative of “being bullied” and of “bullying others” in a sample of 125 adult male offender‐patients sectioned for enduring mental illness and detained within a high‐secure psychiatric hospital. The study addresses the lack of research into this specialized population to date, with a subsidiary aim of comparing the results directly with a previous study conducted with a population of adult male personality‐disordered offender‐patients (n = 53). Participants were required to complete a self‐report behavioral checklist (Direct and Indirect Patient behavior Checklist‐Hospital version Revised). The prediction that indirect (subtle) aggression would be reported more frequently than direct aggression was supported in relation to perpetration estimates, with evidence such aggression was also more prevalent among personality‐disordered than mentally ill offender‐patients. As predicted verbal aggression was the most commonly reported direct behavior. Although it was predicted that those perpetrating aggression would present with increased experience with secure settings this was only supported with regard to bully‐victims. Contrary to the prediction made, those victimized did not present with less experience of secure settings. Consistent with the hypothesis, bully/victims were predicted by increased negative behavior toward staff and hospital rules. The results are discussed in relation to the environment in which the aggression is taking place with the implications for practice and future research outlined. Aggr. Behav. 33:377–388, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.