bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ILT2 and ILT4 Drive Myeloid Suppression via Both Overlapping and Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Tian Jane , Ashique Amir M. , Weeks Sabrina , Lan Tian , Yang Hong , Chen Hung-I Harry , Song Christina , Koyano Kikuye , Mondal Kalyani , Tsai Daniel , Cheung Isla , Moshrefi Mehrdad , Kekatpure Avantika , Fan Bin , Li Betty , Qurashi Samir , Rocha Lauren , Aguayo Jonathan , Rodgers Col , Meza Marchelle , Heeke Darren , Medfisch Sara M. , Chu Chun , Starck Shelley , Basak Nandini Pal , Sankaran Satish , Malhotra Mohit , Crawley Suzanne , Tran Thomas-Toan , Duey Dana Y. , Ho Carmence , Mikaelian Igor , Liu Wenhui , Rivera Lee B. , Huang Jiawei , Paavola Kevin J. , O'Hollaren Kyle , Blum Lisa K. , Lin Vicky Y. , Chen Peirong , Iyer Anjushree , He Sisi , Roda Julie M. , Wang Yan , Sissons James , Kutach Alan K. , Kaplan Daniel D. , Stone Geoffrey W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Solid tumors are dense three-dimensional (3D) multicellular structures that enable efficient receptor–ligand trans interactions via close cell–cell contact. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4 are related immune-suppressive receptors that play a role in the inhibition of myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment. The relative contribution of ILT2 and ILT4 to immune inhibition in the context of solid tumor tissue has not been fully explored. We present evidence that both ILT2 and ILT4 contribute to myeloid inhibition. We found that although ILT2 inhibits myeloid cell activation in the context of trans-engagement by MHC-I, ILT4 efficiently inhibits myeloid cells in the presence of either cis- or trans-engagement. In a 3D spheroid tumor model, dual ILT2/ILT4 blockade was required for the optimal activation of myeloid cells, including the secretion of CXCL9 and CCL5, upregulation of CD86 on dendritic cells, and downregulation of CD163 on macrophages. Humanized mouse tumor models showed increased immune activation and cytolytic T-cell activity with combined ILT2 and ILT4 blockade, including evidence of the generation of immune niches, which have been shown to correlate with clinical response to immune-checkpoint blockade. In a human tumor explant histoculture system, dual ILT2/ILT4 blockade increased CXCL9 secretion, downregulated CD163 expression, and increased the expression of M1 macrophage, IFNγ, and cytolytic T-cell gene signatures. Thus, we have revealed distinct contributions of ILT2 and ILT4 to myeloid cell biology and provide proof-of-concept data supporting the combined blockade of ILT2 and ILT4 to therapeutically induce optimal myeloid cell reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment.
Adjunct Intraarterial or Intravenous Tirofiban Versus No Tirofiban After Successful Recanalization of Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke: The BASILAR Registry
Authors: Li Huagang , Ju Dongsheng , Tao Zhaojun , Wang Jiayin , Nguyen Thanh N. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Nogueira Raul G. , Liu Chang , Yang Qingwu , Qiu Zhongming , Yin Congguo , Sun Dong , Liu Shudong 
Published: February 2024

Background
Approximately half of patients who achieve successful reperfusion do not achieve functional independence. The present study sought to investigate the clinical outcomes and safety of intraarterial or intravenous tirofiban as adjunct therapy in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion who had achieved successful recanalization with endovascular treatment.

Methods and Results

In the national, prospective BASILAR (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) registry, 458 patients who met inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups based on tirofiban administration (no tirofiban, n=262; intravenous tirofiban, n=101; intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban, n=95). Their clinical outcomes were compared with 90‐day modified Rankin Scale scores. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were obtained by logistic regression models and propensity score matching. Safety outcomes included any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH, and mortality. Among 458 included patients, 184 (40.2%) achieved a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–3). There were no differences between the intravenous tirofiban group and the no tirofiban group in terms of safety and clinical outcomes (all
P
>0.05). Compared with the no tirofiban group, the intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban group had higher odds of 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 3 (aOR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.30–4.64],
P
=0.006) and lower 3‐month mortality (aOR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.19–0.71],
P
=0.002) without an increase in any ICH (aOR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.09–1.01],
P
=0.07) or symptomatic ICH (aOR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.03–0.90],
P
=0.05). Similar results of intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban on improving clinical outcomes were detected in novel cohorts constructed by propensity score matching.

Conclusions
Intraarterial+intravenous rather than intravenous tirofiban improved clinical outcomes without increasing the frequency of symptomatic ICH among patients with basilar artery occlusion after successful endovascular treatment. Further studies are needed to delineate the roles of intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban in patients with basilar artery occlusion receiving endovascular treatment.
The Impact of School Desegregation on White Individuals’ Racial Attitudes and Politics in Adulthood
Authors: Chin Mark 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper I study how school desegregation by race following Brown v. Board of Education affected White individuals’ racial attitudes and politics in adulthood. I use geocoded nationwide data from the General Social Survey and difference-in-differences to identify causal impacts. Integration significantly reduced White individuals’ political conservatism as adults in the U.S. South but not elsewhere. I observe similar effect heterogeneity for attitudes towards Black individuals and policies promoting racial equity, but (positive) impacts and geographic variation are smaller in magnitude relative to those observed for conservatism. Investigations into mechanisms suggest that this heterogeneity may depend on the effectiveness of integration policies. In the south, White–Black exposure was greater following desegregation, and White disenrollment was lower. Finally, I demonstrate that results are robust to concerns of bias resulting from potential non-random in- and out-mobility of individuals into integrating contexts. My study provides the first causal evidence on how theories concerning intergroup contact and racial attitudes (i.e., the contact hypothesis) may have applied to school contexts following historical court mandates to desegregate.
Styles of Science and the Pluralist Turn: Between Inclusion and Exclusion
Authors: Vagelli Matteo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to map out the links between style and science. Two moments mark the migration of style from the discursive field of the arts to that of the history and philosophy of science: the first occurred in the German-speaking world during the first decades of the twentieth century; the second appeared in an Anglo-American context between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, when the category of style became involved in the so-called “pluralist turn” in the history and philosophy of science. Taking this framework as its point of departure, the paper uncovers neglected contributions to the epistemology of style in order to foreground the concept of style as both a vector of inclusion (highlighting the plurality, historicity, and locality of scientific ways of knowing) and of exclusion (by generalizing the most correct ways of doing science and side-lining alternative ways of knowing).
Spatiotemporal Variations of Tropical- and Non-Tropical-Cyclone-Induced Rainfall over Southeast China and the Teleconnections to Climatic Indices
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Gao Liang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The spatiotemporal variations of annual tropical-cyclone-induced rainfall (TCR) and non-tropical-cyclone-induced rainfall (NTCR) during 1960–2017 in Southeast China are investigated in this study. The teleconnections to sea surface temperature, the Arctic Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, and the Indian Ocean dipole are examined. A significant decrease in annual TCR in the Pearl River basin was detected, while an increase in annual TCR in rainstorms was observed in the northeast of the Pearl River basin and south of the Yangtze River basin. A northward migration of a TCR belt was identified, which was also indicated by the pronounced anomalies of annual TCR. There was in general an increasing trend of non-tropical-cyclone-induced moderate rain, heavy rain, and rainstorms in Southeast China. Compared with the non-tropical-cyclone-induced heavy rain, the abnormal non-tropical-cyclone-induced rainstorms are more northerly. Both monthly TCR and NTCR were remarkably affected by the Arctic Oscillation, Southern Oscillation, and Indian Ocean dipole. TCR was more easily affected by the Arctic Oscillation compared to NTCR.

Significance Statement
Tropical-cyclone- and non-tropical-cyclone-induced rainfall (TCR and NTCR) prevails in Southeast China, and their characteristics of spatiotemporal variability are of significance in predicting rainfall over the study area. Therefore, this study aims to detect the degree to which rainfall varies in time and space, respectively, using the Mann–Kendall test and the empirical orthogonal function method. Moreover, to explore which climatic factor contributes the most to the spatiotemporal variability of TCR and NTCR, the teleconnections to the large-scale climatic indices including sea surface temperature, the Arctic Oscillation, the Southern Oscillation, and the Indian Ocean dipole are studied. The spatiotemporal variations of TCR and NTCR were affected by the sea surface temperature and the other three large-scale climatic indices. The findings in this study are expected to deepen the understanding of spatiotemporal variations of TCR and NTCR over Southeast China and the teleconnections to climatic indices.
Silhouette Profiles in the Assessment of Facial Aesthetics: A Comparison of Cases Treated with Damon and Traditional Braces
Authors: Gopinath Aadhirai , Samyuktha  , Srinivasan Dilip , Kishore Shreya 
Published: February 2024

Aim The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the perception of patient’s soft tissue profiles treated with Damon and traditional braces (MBT) in non-extraction cases. Methods The record of 14 patients (five Damon, five MBT, and four Duplicated) non extraction cases was included in the study. A total of 28 resulting profile silhouettes (pre- and post-treatment profile photographs) were evaluated by 90 examiners (orthodontists, general dentists, laypersons) using a Likert scale to rate the profiles randomly. Statistical analysis (Student t-test, ANOVA) revealed significant differences both between and within groups. Results The Laypersons, General dentist, and Orthodontist significantly gave high scores for Damon system compared to (MBT system). It is seen that both male and female examiners gave high scores for Damon compared to MBT system. Conclusion Damon system was found to have a perceptible difference in the profile improvement when compared to MBT with all three groups of examiners.
Occlusal Outcomes in Non-Robin Sequence Patients with Isolated Cleft Palate
Authors: Beaumont Catherine , Bellerive Audrey , Julien Anne-Sophie , Leclerc Jacques E. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives 1. To assess the skeletal class occlusion and lateral cephalometry in children with isolated cleft palates (non-Robin sequence) and 2. to identify associations between these findings and pre-palatoplasty cleft palate measurements. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Setting North American Institutional Tertiary Paediatric Center. Patients Our cleft database was reviewed, and patients were included if they had an isolated cleft palate without a Robin Sequence diagnosis, had a Furlow palatoplasty and had available per operative cleft palate measurements and available lateral cephalogram between 6 and 8 years old. Thirty-two patients matched to inclusion criteria. Intervention Furlow's Palatoplasty. Main Outcome and Measures Cleft size at palatoplasty, cephalometric measurements and skeletal occlusal classes were analysed. ANOVA was used to test the association between cephalometric measurements and occlusal classes. Results are presented as means with a 95% confidence interval. The association between cleft measurements and cephalometric parameters was tested with Spearman Correlation (rs). Results The skeletal occlusal outcome at 7 years old for this series of patients was: Class I: 19%; Class II: 59% and Class III: 22%. No single cleft measurement at palatoplasty was predictive of the skeletal occlusal outcome. A larger hard palate cleft was associated with a shorter antero-posterior maxilla. Conclusions The skeletal occlusal class outcomes were similar to those found in a previous study in the literature. The occlusal prognosis appears to be better than in patients with Robin Sequence or with an associated cleft lip. No preoperative measurement was found to be associated with the occlusal outcome.
A Novel Technique of Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy Using the Intramedullary Fixation of a Conventional Low-Profile Locking Wedge Plate
Authors: Choi Jun Young , Yu Oh Jun , Suh Jin Soo 
Published: February 2024

Background: Postoperative heel pain arising from prominent screw heads is a common complication following medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO). This study aims to present the clinicoradiographic outcomes of a novel MDCO technique, wherein intramedullary fixation of a conventional low-profile locking wedge plate is employed. Methods: A retrospective analysis, involving a comparison of clinical and radiographic parameters among consecutive patients who underwent MDCO was conducted. The patients were subjected to either intramedullary wedge plate fixation through the osteotomy site (IWPF group, n = 45 cases) or conventional cannulated screw fixation from the heel (CCSF group, n = 51 cases). Radiographic evaluation included measurement of hindfoot alignment angle, alignment ratio, and moment arm. Clinical outcomes were measured with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score, and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) activities of daily living and sports subscales, before and at 6, 12, and ≥24 months postoperatively. The presence of heel pain was evaluated at the postoperative 6 and 12 months in both groups. Results: For both groups, a marked enhancement in all 3 radiographic parameters was observed. The extent of correction for all clinicoradiographic parameters demonstrated no statistically significant divergence between the 2 groups. However, the FAAM-Sports scores at the 6-month postoperative juncture exhibited a significant elevation in the IWPF group relative to the CCSF group. Importantly, no patient reported heel pain at postoperative 6 and 12 months in the IWPF group whereas the rates of patients having heel pain at postoperative 6 and 12 months were 56.8% (29 cases) and 33.3% (17 cases), respectively, in the CCSF group. Conclusion: Both techniques yield analogous postoperative clinical and radiographic enhancements. However, the utilization of IWPF promotes a swifter clinical improvement with respect to sports activities when juxtaposed with the CCSF from the calcaneal tuberosity. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Double trouble in DMEK surgery: Learning experience and review of the literature
Authors: Romano Vito , Passaro Maria Laura , Airaldi Matteo , Ancona Chiara , Pagano Luca , Semeraro Francesco , Pineda Roberto 
Published: February 2024

Purpose To report a challenging Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) case, complicated by intraoperative aqueous misdirection and spontaneous anterior chamber fibrin reaction. Methods A 70-year-old female affected by corneal edema due to Fuchs endothelial dystrophy underwent a triple procedure (cataract extraction - IOL implantation - DMEK surgery) in her left eye. This report illustrates the management of the intraoperative complications of aqueous misdirection syndrome and anterior chamber fibrin reaction. Results Despite the optimal management of the posterior pressure and the thorough removal of the fibrinous reaction during the case, the DMEK graft was not completely unfolded and centred at the end of the surgical procedure. Nonetheless, the patient showed good long-term anatomical and functional recovery: at the last follow-up (2 years after surgery), central corneal thickness was 526 µm with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/25 and an endothelial cell density of 1112 cell/mm2. Conclusion Early recognition and prompt management of intraoperative aqueous misdirection syndrome and anterior chamber fibrin reaction during DMEK surgery is essential to ensure good functional and anatomical outcomes.
Rotational stability and capsular bag performance of a hydrophobic acrylic open-loop single-piece intraocular lens
Authors: Ullrich Marlies , Fisus Andreea D. , Palkovits Stefan , Hienert Julius , Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver 
Published: February 2024

Purpose To evaluate the rotational stability and capsular bag performance of a blue light-absorbing hydrophobic acrylic open-loop single-piece intraocular lens (IOL) with a blast-finished anchor wing haptic design during the first 6 postoperative months. Methods In this prospective clinical study, patients with age-related cataract and potential postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 0.2 logMAR or better were included. The patients received a non-toric hydrophobic acrylic single-piece IOL with an axis mark (YST0.00; Nidek Co. Ltd, Japan). Surgeries were video-taped. Retroillumination images were acquired 1 h, 1 week and 6 months postoperatively. Rotational stability was assessed by precise image overlay. At 6 months, Purkinje meter measurements were performed to evaluate tilt and decentration. Results In total, 100 eyes of 77 patients were included in the analysis. Mean absolute rotation was 2.1 ± 1.7° (median 1.7, range: 0–7.9) at 6 months (1 h – 6 months postoperatively). IOL rotation was ≤3° and ≤6° in 74 (74%) and 98 (98%) eyes, respectively. Mean absolute IOL rotation from the end of surgery to 6 months was 2.5 ± 2.2° (median 2.3, range: 0–15.6; n = 78). Mean tilt (pupillary axis) and decentration were 4.1 ± 1.9° (median 4.0, range: 0.5–8.2) and 0.35 ± 0.17 mm (median 0.32, range: 0.06–0.91) respectively (n = 84). Postoperatively, 98 (98%) eyes achieved a CDVA of 0.2 logMAR or better, 95 (95%) of ≤0.1 and 81 (81%) of ≤0.0. Conclusions This hydrophobic acrylic single-piece IOL showed an excellent rotational stability and capsular bag position with low tilt and decentration values.
Clinical evaluation of tear substitute utility after anti-VEGF intravitreal injection
Authors: Carlo Cagini , Poddi Maria , Mocini Stefano , Boni Niccolò , Damiani Francesco , Battini Michele Apponi , Mirabella Giuseppe , Tataranno Mario 
Published: February 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of a polyethylene glycol 400 - propylene glycol - hydroxypropyl guar - hyaluronic acid eye drops in relieving the symptoms of dry eye syndrome after anti-VEGF intravitreal injection. Methods In this randomized, parallel-group study, patients were randomized to receive standard therapy alone or study eye drops plus standard therapy. Patients enrolled were older than 50 with exudative age-related macular degeneration, who have never had intravitreal injections, and without severe dry eye condition or severe ocular or systemic conditions. Patients had baseline preoperative evaluation (V0), and successively after 15 (V1) and 30 (V2) days. At VO and V1 T-BUT, Schirmer's test, fluorescein staining, DEQ5 and OSDI questionnaires were performed and at V2 (30) the OSDI questionnaire was administered. Results 80 patients were included in the study, of them 40 received standard therapy plus study eye drops. DEQ5 questionnaire showed an increase in the control group between the values at V0 and V1, while in the study group a decrease was observed. No changes in T-BUT, Schirmer, and fluorescein staining values between V0 and V1 were observed in both groups. OSDI data in the control group showed no statistically significant differences, while in the study group they showed a statistically significant difference. Conclusions In our study patients undergoing for the first time intravitreal treatment presented dry eye symptoms in the postoperative period: in this group of patients the use of a tears substitute reduces postoperative ocular discomfort.
Magnitude and factors associated with delay in treatment-seeking among new pulmonary tuberculosis patients in public health facilities in Habro district, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Getiye Assefa , Zakaria Hamdi Fekredin , Deressa Alemayehu , Mamo Galana , Gamachu Mulugeta , Birhanu Abdi , Eyeberu Addis , Debela Adera , Hawulte Behailu , Tesfaye Gezahegne , Mussa Ibsa 
Published: February 2024

Background: In developing nations, almost two-thirds of people with active tuberculosis (TB) remain undetected and untreated. Delays in seeking treatment increase the severity of the illness, the likelihood of mortality, and the risk of the infection spreading to others in the community. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of delay in treatment-seeking and its associated factors among new adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending public health facilities in Habro District, West Harerge Zone, Oromia Region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 420 randomly selected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who visited public health facilities in Habro District from September 5 to October 5, 2022. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, and a 95% confidence interval was used to select significant variables. Result: Twenty-one days after the start of their illness, 62.38% (95% CI: 57.4%, 66.6%) of the patients sought an initial consultation. Being female (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.65), having poor knowledge about TB (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.77, 5.43), having no contact history with TB patients (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI: 1.29, 9.58), having clinically diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.67), and living a long distance from the nearest health facility (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.31, 6.23) were important predictors contributing to TB patient treatment delay. Conclusion: In the current study, more than three-fifths of TB patients delayed seeking treatment. Thus, awareness of tuberculosis should be created, especially targeting females and communities found at a distance from the health facility. Additionally, health professionals should emphasise the importance of getting medical attention early and knowing how to suspect and identify tuberculosis symptoms.