bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty did not display substatial changes in body mass index after treatment with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogues
Authors: Uldbjerg Cecilie Skaarup , Lim Youn‐Hee , Renault Christoffer Højrup , Hansen Dorte , Juul Anders , Bräuner Elvira Vaclavik , Jensen Rikke Beck 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate changes in body mass index (BMI) in girls during and after treatment for idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP).MethodsWe studied 123 girls receiving gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa)treatment for iCPP from 2009 to 2019. Pubertal and anthropometric measurements were monitored at routine clinical visits. BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) were estimated at baseline and followed in two stages from baseline to end of treatment (median 18.9 months) and from end of treatment to end of follow‐up (median 18.2 months). The influence of baseline BMI SDS and the frequency and dose of treatment was evaluated using BMI trajectories and latent class mixed models.ResultsThe median age at treatment initiation was 8.5 years. The median BMI SDS at baseline was 0.7, corresponding to a median BMI of 17.4 kg/m2. Overall, no changes in BMI SDS were observed during treatment. According to baseline BMI subgroups, an increasing trend in BMI trajectories during treatment was observed for girls in the lowest BMI group. After treatment, most girls maintained stable BMI levels.ConclusionOur retrospective study did not provide evidence that GnRHa treatment for iCPP had a significant impact on BMI trajectories in girls.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists modestly reduced blood pressure among patients with and without diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Rivera Frederick Berro , Lumbang Grace Nooriza O. , Gaid Danielle Rose Magno , Cruz Linnaeus Louisse A. , Magalong John Vincent , Bantayan Nathan Ross B. , Lara‐Breitinger Kyla M. , Gulati Martha , Bakris George 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe cardiovascular benefits provided by glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) extend beyond weight reduction and glycaemic control. One possible mechanism may relate to blood pressure (BP) reduction. We aim to quantify the BP‐lowering effects of GLP1‐RAs.MethodsA comprehensive database search for placebo‐controlled randomized controlled trials on GLP‐1RA treatment was conducted until December 2023. Data extraction and quality assessment were carried out, employing a robust statistical analysis using a random effects model to determine outcomes with a mean difference (MD) in mmHg and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary endpoint was the mean difference in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regressions were done to account for covariates.ResultsCompared with placebo, GLP‐1RAs modestly reduced SBP [semaglutide: MD −3.40 (95% CI −4.22 to −2.59, p < .001); liraglutide: MD −2.61 (95% CI −3.48 to −1.74, p < .001); dulaglutide: MD −1.46 (95% CI −2.20 to −0.72, p < .001); and exenatide: MD −3.36 (95% CI −3.63 to −3.10, p < .001)]. This benefit consistently increased with longer treatment durations. Diastolic BP reduction was only significant in the exenatide group [MD −0.94 (95% CI −1.78 to −0.1), p = .03]. Among semaglutide cohorts, mean changes in glycated haemoglobin and mean changes in body mass index were directly associated with SBP reduction.ConclusionPatients on GLP‐1RA experienced modest SBP lowering compared with placebo. This observed effect was associated with weight/body mass index reduction and better glycaemic control, which suggests that BP‐lowering is an indirect effect of GLP‐1RA and unlikely to be responsible for the benefits.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor and sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor additively ameliorate hepatic steatosis through different mechanisms of action in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Iwamoto Yuichiro , Kimura Tomohiko , Dan Kazunori , Iwamoto Hideyuki , Sanada Junpei , Fushimi Yoshiro , Katakura Yukino , Shimoda Masashi , Nogami Yuka , Shirakiya Yoshiko , Nakanishi Shuhei , Mune Tomoatsu , Kaku Kohei , Kaneto Hideaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimDipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors suppress the inactivation of incretin hormones and lower blood glucose levels by inhibiting DPP‐4 function. Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels in an insulin‐independent manner by inhibiting renal reabsorption of glucose. DPP‐4 and SGLT2 inhibitors each have the potential to improve hepatic steatosis; however, their combined effects remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of the combination of these drugs on hepatic steatosis using high‐fat diet‐fed mice.MethodC57BL/6J male mice were fed a 60% high‐fat diet for 2 months to induce hepatic steatosis. Mice were divided into four groups (control; DPP‐4 inhibitor anagliptin; SGLT2 inhibitor luseogliflozin; anagliptin and luseogliflozin combination), and the effects of each drug and their combination on hepatic steatosis after a 4‐week intervention were evaluated.ResultsThere were no differences in blood glucose levels among the four groups. Anagliptin suppresses inflammation‐ and chemokine‐related gene expression. It also improved macrophage fractionation in the liver. Luseogliflozin reduced body weight, hepatic gluconeogenesis and blood glucose levels in the oral glucose tolerance test. The combination treatment improved hepatic steatosis without interfering with the effects of anagliptin and luseogliflozin, respectively, and fat content and inflammatory gene expression in the liver were significantly improved in the combination group compared with the other groups.ConclusionThe combination therapy with the DPP‐4 inhibitor anagliptin and the SGLT2 inhibitor luseogliflozin inhibits fat deposition in the liver via anti‐inflammatory effects during the early phase of diet‐induced liver steatosis.
Multimodality imaging for the diagnosis of left ventricular apical hypoplasia: A case presentation and review of the literatures
Authors: Liao Shusheng , Jin Peifeng , Miao Rongrong , Huang Xinshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLeft ventricular apical hypoplasia is a rare malformation recently described congenital abnormality characterized by: (1) truncation of the left ventricle, with the septum projecting toward the right ventricle; (2) abnormal papillary muscle originating from the flattened left ventricular apex; (3) a narrow right ventricle encompassing the periapical area of the left ventricle; (4) fatty infiltration of the apex of the left ventricle. We reported a case of LVAH and reviewed the patient's clinical presentation. And its morphologic characteristics were revealed by multimodality imaging, including echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, we reviewed 41 cases from 32 reports to summarize the pathogenesis and analyzed the imaging manifestations of LVAH in this study, aiming to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and clinical management of LVAH patients.
Egg parasitoid assemblages and their effectiveness against the Lepidoptera soybean defoliators in Argentina's subtropical production region
Authors: Valverde Liliana , Van Nieuwenhove Guido A. , Virla Eduardo G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae), is one of the most important crops worldwide, but caterpillars of various species (Lepidoptera) may greatly reduce its annual yield. Nowadays, the main method of controlling these pest species is based on the use of broad‐spectrum insecticides, which are harmful to human health and increase environmental contamination. Therefore, other sustainable methods of control, such as biological control, are in increasing demand. The present study aimed to identify the egg parasitoid species that attack lepidopterans defoliating soybeans in South America's subtropical regions, as well as evaluate their effectiveness at various stages of soybean development. The research was conducted in a commercial soybean field (80 ha) located in Tucumán, Argentina, which was surrounded by wild vegetation as a way to promote biological control. Every week, throughout three consecutive soybean seasons, 20 soybean plants were randomly selected and brought to the laboratory in search of lepidopteran eggs. Over the course of the three crop seasons, the soybean plants were attacked by Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Erebidae), Rachiplusia nu (Guenée), and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (both Noctuidae). Six egg parasitoid species were identified, but only three of them were frequently found during the current study. Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was the most predominant species attacking all lepidopteran pests across all soybean phenological stages. Encarsia porteri (Mercet) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) preferred to attack R. nu eggs, whereas Telenomus cyamophylax Polaszek (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitized only A. gemmatalis and R. nu eggs. Despite the use of insecticides in the soybean field, the parasitism rates recorded were high. This suggests that using conservation tactics such as native vegetation patches and surrounding alternative crops may result in higher rates of natural control.
“It's just a technological version of us”: Three‐generation family WhatsApp groups in Israel
Authors: Alkobi Galit , Khvorostianov Natalia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative study analyzes communication practices, roles, and rules developed by family members while participating in a three‐generation WhatsApp family group (WFG).BackgroundAlthough instant messaging applications such as WhatsApp have become increasingly popular with families worldwide, study findings of the digital family formation process, roles, rules, and family communication styles have remained fragmented. Combining the rich familism ideology with technological skills makes the Israel digital family a good study case.MethodWe conducted 43 semistructured interviews with WFG participants representing three generations of Jewish Israeli families.ResultsAll WFGs were organized in the form of a three‐generation family tree, including one or a couple of older people in the core and a significant number of their younger relatives in the upper tree levels, where WFG membership was used as a marker of family belonging. WFG members played roles of kinkeepers, flickerers (rarely commenting participants), and silent warm experts. WFGs used two rules for communication—problematic discourse avoidance and exaggerated writing style—and two strategies for enforcing those rules—temporarily excluding rule breakers from the general group or ignoring messages of offending participant(s).ConclusionMaintaining the WFG is not a single initiative but a collective, well‐coordinated endeavor of all family generations, which helps to include grandparents in the digital family, gives WFG participants a sense of family belonging, and reproduces the image of the untroubled family.ImplicationsThe research findings can be helpful for educators, family therapists, social workers, and social policy professionals. Moreover, the study's results can benefit families who want to open WhatsApp family groups.
Development, validation and feasibility of a Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire for evaluating the quality performance of a diagnostic small fibre neuropathy service: A qualitative study
Authors: Geerts Margot , Hoeijmakers Janneke G. J. , Essers Brigitte A. B. , Merkies Ingemar S. J. , Faber Catharina G. , Goossens Mariëlle E. J. B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction and AimSmall fibre neuropathy (SFN) is a peripheral neuropathy, leading to neuropathic pain and autonomic dysfunction. An evidence‐based standardized patient diagnostic SFN service has been implemented in the Netherlands for improving patient‐centred SFN care. However, the quality of care of this diagnostic SFN service has never been assessed from a patient perspective. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an SFN‐Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (SFN‐PSQ) to measure the quality performance of a standardized diagnostic SFN service.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study to create the SFN‐PSQ was performed using the (COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist. For item generation and content development, domains and/or items from validated PSQs were selected. The content development and content validity were performed using a Delphi method with SFN expert caregivers with different backgrounds. By using the three‐step‐test method in individual cognitive interviews, the content validity by patients was finalized.ResultsIn one online Delphi panel round, the content of the first concept of the SFN‐PSQ was validated, which resulted in the second concept of the SFN‐PSQ. From July 2019 till March 2020, nine patients consented to participate in the individual cognitive interviews. The most significant changes of the new questionnaire were adding domains and items concerning the waiting list, the diagnostic services and consultation by the hospital psychiatrist. Also, a differentiation was made for both an inpatient and outpatient diagnostic SFN service. Furthermore, the clarity and intelligibility of the domains/items were improved, resulting in an increased comprehension of the SFN‐PSQ. Ultimately, the new developed SFN‐PSQ consisted of 10 domains and 51 items, suitable for measuring patient satisfaction of the neurological analysis in patients with SFN.ConclusionThrough item generation, expert opinions and interviews with patients, the SFN‐PSQ was developed and validated, and feasibility was confirmed. The structure of the questionnaire, based on the logistic and diagnostic SFN pathway, could be used as a model in other hospitals to improve the quality, continuity and access of SFN care and other chronic diseases taking into account potential cross‐cultural differences.Patient or Public ContributionCaregivers were involved in the item generation and content development of the questionnaire. Patients were directly involved in testing the content validity and feasibility of the SFN‐PSQ.Clinical Trial RegistrationNot applicable.
QUESTIONS IN HISTORIOGRAPHY FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE AGE OF GENERATIVE AI
Authors: Hughes‐Warrington Marnie 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTHistory theory does not have a mature theory of questions. This reflects both historical and philosophical assumptions. As Holly Case has argued in The Age of Questions (2018), the big questions of the nineteenth century and their proposed final solutions arguably primed the murderous logic of genocide in the first half of the twentieth century. On her account, questions have become tamed as technical tools in historical monographs and reviews like this one. This picture of the twentieth century, though, runs up against R. G. Collingwood's historiographical logic of questions and the rise of erotetic logics in computer science. Computational erotetic logics have shaped the creation of large language models such as the GPT series and focused our attention on expressivity, effectivity, and classification in the relation of questions and answers. Collingwood's logic is different, using the relation of questions to questions to point to presuppositions. This metaphysical view of erotetic logic is timely, for it reminds why it might be so hard for historians to cut through with true propositions in an age of AI. Collingwood reminds us that a focus on truth‐evaluable answers to questions does not explain why those questions were asked in the first place. Chasing chains of questions back to presuppositions, Collingwood argues that tackling what is assumed and what is lived with can help historians to change an unthinking world. In our age, this includes the idea of a shift from historians being the users of large language models to historians being the designers of new forms of relationship between people and information.
Preparation and characterizations of glasses in the TeO2–Ga2O3–M2O (M═Li, Na, K) systems
Authors: Verger Louisiane , Coudray Simon , Bertrand Emma , Lebullenger Ronan , Rocherullé Jean , Bošák Ondrej , Kubliha Marian , Labaš Vladimir , Kostka Petr , Chenu Sébastien , Coq David Le 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlasses in the TeO2–Ga2O3–M2O (M═Li, Na, or K) systems were synthesized by a melt‐quenching technique. The glass forming areas were delimited for each system. Systematic analyses were performed on two series of samples—the first one with a constant TeO2/Ga2O3 ratio of 85/15, that is, [(TeO2)0.85(Ga2O3)0.15]100−x[M2O]x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 25 (with a step of 5 mol%), the second one with a constant alkaline oxide concentration of 10 mol%, that is, [TeO2]90‐y[Ga2O3]y[M2O]10 with 5 ≤ y ≤ 15 (with step of 2.5 mol%). The values of the glass transition temperature, density, and optical transmission parameters (the positions of short‐ and long‐wavelength absorption edge and the maximum transmittance value) were determined. The changes in these parameters were studied for varying glass compositions. In addition, the values of refractive index were measured at various wavelengths across the whole transparency region reaching from the visible up to the mid‐infrared range.
A data‐driven newsvendor model for elective‐emergency admission control under uncertain inpatient bed capacity
Authors: Shen Wenwu , Luo Le , Luo Li , Zhang Lin , Zhu Ting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveElective‐emergency admission control referred to allocating available inpatient bed capacity between elective and emergency hospitalization demand. Existing approaches for admission control often excluded several complex factors when making decisions, such as uncertain bed capacity and unknown true probability distributions of patient arrivals and departures. We aimed to create a data‐driven newsvendor framework to study the elective‐emergency admission control problem to achieve bed operational efficiency and effectiveness.MethodsWe developed a data‐driven approach that utilized the newsvendor framework to formulate the admission control problem. We also created approximation algorithms to generate a pool of candidate admission control solutions. Past observations and relevant emergency demand and bed capacity features were modeled in a newsvendor framework. Using approximation algorithmic approaches (sample average approximation, separated estimation and optimization, linear programing‐LP, and distribution‐free model) allowed us to derive computationally efficient data‐driven solutions with tight bounds on the expected in‐sample and out‐of‐sample cost guaranteed.ResultsTight generalization bounds on the expected out‐of‐sample cost of the feature‐based model were derived with respect to the LP and quadratic programing (QP) algorithms, respectively. Results showed that the optimal feature‐based model outperformed the optimal observation‐based model with respect to the expected cost. In a setting where the unit overscheduled cost was higher than the unit under‐scheduled cost, scheduling fewer elective patients would replace the benefit of incorporating related features in the model. The tighter the available bed capacity for elective patients, the bigger the difference of the schedule cost between the feature‐based model and the observation‐based model.ConclusionsThe study provides a reference for the theoretical study on bed capacity allocation between elective and emergency patients under the condition of the unknown true probability distribution of bed capacity and emergency demand, and it also proves that the approximate optimal policy has good performance.
There is No End to Learning, but How Does it Begin? A Meta‐Analysis of the Team Learning Pathway
Authors: Marlow Shannon L. , Lacerenza Christina N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe complete a meta‐analytic investigation across two phases to increase understanding about team learning, an important process that is a challenge for teams to enact. In the first phase, we create a meta‐analytic database of 198 independent samples (N = 15,536 teams) to summarize the strength of the relationships between learning and team antecedents and outcomes. Motivational emergent states (e.g., potency) exhibited the strongest relationship with learning, followed by affective (e.g., psychological safety) and cognitive (e.g., trust) emergent states. Our results also highlight the positive relationship between learning and various antecedents, including team structure, supportive organizational context, environmental uncertainty, cognitive diversity, and gender diversity. In the second phase, we create an additional meta‐analytic database with 53 independent samples (N = 4,468 teams) to test a serial mediation model, demonstrating that psychological safety and learning serially mediate the relationships between team learning orientation and salient team outcomes (i.e., performance and innovation).
Dietary metabarcoding reveals the simplification of bird–pest interaction networks across a gradient of agricultural cover
Authors: da Silva Luis P. , Mata Vanessa A. , Lopes Pedro B. , Pinho Catarina J. , Chaves Catia , Correia Edna , Pinto Joana , Heleno Ruben H. , Timoteo Sergio , Beja Pedro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgriculture is vital for supporting human populations, but its intensification often leads to landscape homogenization and a decline in non‐provisioning ecosystem services. Ecological intensification and multifunctional landscapes are suggested as nature‐based alternatives to intensive agriculture, using ecological processes like natural pest regulation to maximize food production. Birds are recognized for their role in increasing crop yields by consuming invertebrate pests in several agroecosystems. However, the understanding of how bird species, their traits and agricultural land cover influence the structure of bird–pest interactions remains limited. We sampled bird–pest interactions monthly for 1 year, at four sites within a multifunctional landscape, following a gradient of increasing agricultural land cover. We analysed 2583 droppings of 55 bird species with DNA metabarcoding and detected 225 pest species in 1139 samples of 42 bird species. As expected, bird–pest interactions were highly variable across bird species. Dietary pest richness was lower in the fully agricultural site, while predation frequency remained consistent across the agricultural land cover gradient. Network analysis revealed a reduction in the complexity of bird–pest interactions as agricultural coverage increased. Bird species abundance affected the bird's contribution to the network structure more than any of the bird traits analysed (weight, phenology, invertebrate frequency in diet and foraging strata), with more common birds being more important to network structure. Overall, our results show that increasing agricultural land cover increases the homogenization of bird–pest interactions. This shows the importance of maintaining natural patches within agricultural landscapes for biodiversity conservation and enhanced biocontrol.