bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in rumen biohydrogenation intermediates and ciliate protozoa diversity after algae supplementation to dairy cattle
Authors: Boeckaert Charlotte , Fievez Veerle , Van Hecke Dries , Verstraete Willy , Boon Nico 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring anin vivotrial with four rumen‐fistulated dairy cows, the effect of dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n‐3)‐enriched microalgae (Schizochytriumsp., 2% on feed intake) on the fatty acid metabolism and microbial community in the rumen was investigated. Algal supplementation resulted in lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids while the concentrations of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased as compared to the control treatment. An incomplete biohydrogenation of linoleic (18:2 n‐6) and linolenic (18:3 n‐3) acid was observed, resulting in a strong accumulation of 18:1 t11, 18:1 t10 and 18:2 t11c15. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was performed to study the rumen bacterial and ciliate population. Algal supplementation provoked changes in both communities. Ciliate DGGE profiles suggested a decreased abundance ofIsotricha prostomaandI. intestinalisand some species ofEpidinium caudatum, Eudiplodinium maggiiandDiplodinium dentatumin the rumen of algae‐fed cows. Moreover, quantitative PCR indicated that incomplete biohydrogenation through algal addition was associated with decreased ciliate numbers. The simultaneous accumulation of hydrogenation intermediates and the disappearance of ciliates suggest that ciliates and/or their associated bacteria could play a role in rumen biohydrogenation.
Current irrigation system management features in Azerbaijan Republic
Authors: oglu Rzayev Mehman Agarza 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUrgency for improvements in the management of irrigation and amelioration facilities in Azerbaijan is dictated by the changes over the last 15 years in agricultural production, which originated from the transformation to a market economy and establishment of new relations in the sector. As 85% of agricultural production is based on irrigation with wide application of drainage, the importance of outlining the most critical points to work out sound decisions for efficiency improvement and implementation methodologies is obvious. In the process of privatization of agricultural production in small‐scale farms, the worsening of water quality, conditions of the irrigated lands and deterioration of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure should be taken into consideration, together with current management and planning practices to adapt irrigation to the newly established environment. In order to draft recommendations, a complex approach should be applied based on new planning of management arrangements, as well as in daily operation, maintenance, investments, private sector participation and consideration of the interrelations between stakeholders. In order to achieve maximum benefit, planned measures must be realized relevant to other ongoing government programmes for rural development, poverty reduction, and establishment of small and medium businesses in the agrarian sector. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immobilized sonic hedgehog N‐terminal signaling domain enhances differentiation of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Ho James E. , Chung Eugene H. , Wall Samuel , Schaffer David V. , Healy Kevin E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe signaling domain of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a potent upstream regulator of cell fate that has been implicated in osteoblast differentiation from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in its endogenous form, was investigated in an immobilized form as a means for accelerating differentiation of uncommitted cells to the osteoblast phenotype. A recombinant cysteine‐modified N‐terminal Shh (mShh) was synthesized, purified, and immobilized onto interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) surfaces also grafted with a bone sialoprotein‐derived peptide containing the Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence (bsp‐RGD (15)), at calculated densities of 2.42 and 10 pmol/cm2, respectively. The mitogenic effect of mShh was dependent on the mode of presentation, as surfaces with immobilized mShh and bsp‐RGD (15) had no effect on the growth rate of rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), while soluble mShh enhanced cell growth compared to similar surface without mShh supplementation. In conjunction with media supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and ‐4, mShh and bsp‐RGD (15)‐grafted IPN surfaces enhanced the alkaline phosphatase activity of BMSCs compared with tissue culture polystyrene and bsp‐RGD (15)‐grafted IPN surfaces supplemented with soluble mShh, indicating enhanced osteoblast differentiation. The adhesive peptide bsp‐RGD (15) was necessary for cell attachment and proliferation, as well as differentiation in response to immobilized mShh. The addition of immobilized Shh substantially improved the differentiation of uncommitted BMSCs to the osteoblast lineage, and therefore warrants further testing in vivo to examine the effect of the stated biomimetic system on peri‐implant bone formation and implant fixation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Effect of hydroxyapatite coating and polymethylmethacrylate on stainless steel implant‐site infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis in a sheep model
Authors: Laure Boris , Besnier Jean‐Marc , Bergemer‐Fouquet Anne‐Marie , Marquet‐Van Der Mee Nathalie , Damie Frédérik , Quentin Roland , Favard Luc , Rosset Philippe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe aimed to study the influence of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement on the risk of development of stainless steel implant‐site infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis in a sheep model. Uncoated, HA‐coated, and PMMA‐cemented stainless steel implants were inserted in the left femur of 30 sheep. For each type of implant, sheep were inoculated with S. epidermidis in the intramedullary canal and one non‐inoculated group was used as control. After 6 weeks, infection was evaluated using clinical, radiological, bacteriological, and histological criteria. Radiological and clinical results were normal. Cultures were negative in the control sheep. In the inoculated sheep, interposition tissue and bone cultures were positive in 2 of 6 uncoated, 6 of 6 HA, and 6 of 6 PMMA implants with a mean bacteria count of 5.2 ± 1.17, 3.5 ± 0.7, and 3.9 ± 0.9 log10 cfu/g, respectively (NS), for interposition tissue, and 4 ± 0.01, 2.9 ± 0.6, and 2.5 ± 1.3 log10 cfu/g, respectively (NS) for bone. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) score (mean number of PMN per 10 different microscopic high‐power fields ≥5) in interposition tissue was ≥3 in 6 of 6 HA, significantly different from uncoated (3 of 6) and PMMA (2 of 6) groups (p = 0.04). The HA and PMMA inoculated groups had a higher infection rate than the uncoated inoculated group (p = 0.06). In this experimental sheep model of S. epidermidis infection at the bone–biomaterial interface, HA seems to be at higher risk of infection compared with uncoated or PMMA‐cemented stainless steel, when inoculation is intramedullary and contemporary with implantation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
The effect of superficial chemistry of titanium on osteoblastic function
Authors: Tsukimura Naoki , Kojima Norinaga , Kubo Katsutoshi , Att Wael , Takeuchi Kazuo , Kameyama Yoichiro , Maeda Hatsuhiko , Ogawa Takahiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe surface topography and chemistry of titanium are postulated to be two major factors that affect the osseointegration capacity of titanium implants. However, it is extremely difficult to control one factor without changing the other, which prevents the isolation of the genuine effect of one factor. This study aimed to determine whether surface chemistry of titanium alone affects osteoblastic function. Two different titanium surfaces were prepared by sputter depositioning of titanium (Ti; 99.99% purity) or titanium dioxide (TiO2; 99.99% purity) (50‐nm thick for each) onto machined commercially pure titanium disks. Rat bone marrow‐derived osteoblastic cells were cultured on each of the two surfaces. TiO2 surface showed 4.4 times higher elemental oxygen concentration and higher water wettability than Ti surface. Scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic examination revealed no differences in surface topography and roughness values between the two surfaces. The cell proliferated more on TiO2 than on Ti by up to 60%. Although the expression of collagen I gene increased more rapidly on TiO2 at early culture stage of day 3, the late stage marker genes for osteoblastic differentiation, including osteopontin and osteocalcin, were not modulated between the two cultures. The alkaline phosphatase positive area and mineralized nodule area were approximately two times larger on TiO2 than on Ti. In conclusion, titanium materials having different superficial chemistry, that is, titanium or titanium dioxide, may exert different biological capacity of osteoblasts; titanium dioxide may induce superior osteoconduction, primarily because of the increased osteoblastic proliferation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Kinetic properties of the redox switch/redox coupling mechanism as determined in primary cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes from rat brain
Authors: Ramírez Belén G. , Rodrigues Tiago B. , Violante Inês R. , Cruz Fátima , Fonseca Luís L. , Ballesteros Paloma , Castro M. Margarida C.A. , García‐Martín María L. , Cerdán Sebastián 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe investigate the mechanisms underlying the redox switch/redox coupling hypothesis by characterizing the competitive consumption of glucose or lactate and the kinetics of pyruvate production in primary cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes from rat brain. Glucose consumption was determined in neuronal cultures incubated in Krebs ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) containing 0.25–5 mM glucose, in the presence and absence of 5 mM lactate as an alternative substrate. Lactate consumption was measured in neuronal cultures incubated with 1–15 mM lactate, in the presence and absence of 1 mM glucose. In both cases, the alternative substrate increased the Km (mM) values for glucose consumption (from 2.2 ± 0.2 to 3.6 ± 0.1) or lactate consumption (from 7.8 ± 0.1 to 8.5 ± 0.1) without significant changes on the corresponding Vmax. This is consistent with a competitive inhibition between the simultaneous consumption of glucose and lactate. When cultures of neurons or astrocytes were incubated with increasing lactate concentrations 1–20 mM, pyruvate production was observed with Km (mM) and Vmax (nmol/mg/h) values of 1.0 ± 0.1 and 109 ± 4 in neurons, or 0.28 ± 0.1 and 342 ± 54 in astrocytes. Thus, astrocytes or neurons are able to return to the incubation medium as pyruvate, a significant part of the lactate consumed. Present results support the reversible exchange of reducing equivalents between neurons and astrocytes in the form of lactate or pyruvate. Monocarboxylate exchange is envisioned to operate under near equilibrium, with the transcellular flux directed thermodynamically toward the more oxidized intracellular redox environment. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhancing Singapore travel agencies' customer loyalty: an empirical investigation of customers' behavioural intentions and zones of tolerance
Authors: Lobo Antonio , Maritz Alex , Mehta Subhash 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe services marketing literature focuses on the measurement of service quality and its impact and consequences on businesses. Set in the context of the travel retail agency in Singapore, this study focuses on the relationship between service quality and favourable behavioural intentions. The findings revealed that improving service quality can increase favourable behavioural intentions. However, service improvements that exceed customers' minimum‐service threshold and those that exceed customers' desired‐service level were found to have mixed effect on behavioural intentions. Hence travel agencies must carefully determine the behavioural intentions they wish to foster amongst their various customers and develop service quality strategies in line with the findings of this study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-Term Effects of Calcineurin Inhibitor Conversion to Mycophenolate Mofetil on Renal Function After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Créput Caroline , Blandin Frederique , Deroure Benjamin , Roche Bruno , Saliba Faouzi , Charpentier Bernard , Samuel Didier , Durrbach Antoine 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the cornerstone of immunosuppression after liver transplantation. However, CNI treatment is frequently associated with chronic renal failure (CRF). The reduction or interruption of CNI may reduce renal failure. We prospectively studied 49 liver recipients treated with CNI (tacrolimus, n = 14; cyclosporine, n = 35) who secondarily developed CNI-associated CRF and for whom mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was introduced to reduce or withdraw CNI. The creatinine clearance (CCl; 42.9 ± 14 ml/minute) increased significantly after CNI reduction (48.8 ± 17 ml/minute after 1 year, 49.9 ± 18 ml/minute after 2 years, and 58.4 ± 20 ml/minute after 3 years, P < 0.0001). CCl decreased during the 2 years before CNI reduction at a rate of −5.6 ± 5 ml/minute/year; for the 2 years after CNI reduction, CCl increased significantly by +3.2 ± 4.3 ml/minute/year (P < 0.0001). Ten patients did not have improved renal function after 1 year, but the rate of decrease in CCl slowed after CNI reduction. Three parameters were identified as risk factors for unresponsiveness to CNI reduction: (1) low CCl at MMF introduction, (2) a high rate of CCl decrease during the 2 years before conversion, and (3) alcoholic cirrhosis. The type of CNI molecule used did not impair the renal response. None of the patients developed acute or chronic graft rejection after the reduction or interruption of CNI. In liver recipients with CRF, a reduction or withdrawal of CNI concomitantly with the introduction of MMF was safe and was associated with an improvement in renal function. Liver Transpt 13:1004–1010, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Papillomatosis of Intra- and Extrahepatic Biliary Tree
Authors: Imvrios George , Papanikolaou Vasilios , Lalountas Miltiadis , Patsiaoura Kaliopi , Giakoustidis Dimitrios , Fouzas Ioannis , Anagnostara Eva , Antoniadis Nikolaos , Takoudas Dimitrios 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Approximately 60 cases of biliary papillomatosis have been reported in the world literature, while only 6 cases have been reported to be treated with liver transplantation. This rare disease, which is characterized by relapsing episodes of obstructive jaundice and cholangitis that lead to secondary cirrhosis and death from sepsis or liver failure, it is also considered premalignant because of its frequent malignant transformation (25–50%). We present a case of a 43-year-old white man with papillomatosis of intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree who sought care for repeated episodes of obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. The diagnosis was suspected after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and confirmed by liver and common bile duct biopsies. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation with Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy to treat end-stage liver cirrhosis. Fifteen months' follow-up revealed a patient with normal graft function and with no clinically or laboratory findings of disease recurrence or cancer development. Liver Transpl 13:1045–1048, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
The fate of the five cent fare. II. Toronto under municipal ownership
Authors: Maitland George H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMr. Maitland is franldy an enthusiast for public ownership of public utilities, and here tells the story of a publicly‐owned street railway in a city where nearly all the public utilities are owned by the people. Five years ago a private company was serving half the city of Toronto at an average fare of 3.9 cents. To‐day a city commission is giving service throughout the whole city, with universal transfers, at an average fare of 6.15 cents.
Manager cities in action i two wisconsin cities
Authors: Bradford Ernest S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn April, 1929, the charter commission of New Rochelle, New York, reported a city manager charter which was accepted by the voter in November. This charter was the result of more than a year's study o the workings ofthe plan in both large adn small cities throughout the United States. During the drafting of the charter Dr. Bradford, who will be remembered as the author of “Commission Government in American Cities,” visitd thirty cities and observed their managers and councils in action. At our request he is preparing a series of articles, of collected last year is being supplemented by current information in ordeer that his findings may be up to hte minute in every respect. The subject of next month's installment of this continued story of civic progress will be “Two New York Cities”
Hydrazide‐based non‐symmetric liquid crystal dimers: synthesis and mesomorphic behavior
Authors: Bai Binglian , Wang Haitao , Xin Hong , Shi Jianhua , Long Beihong , Li Min 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHydrazide‐based non‐symmetric liquid crystal dimers were synthesized. The liquid crystalline properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). These non‐symmetric liquid crystal dimers are evidenced to display the monolayer smectic C phase. The effects of the lateral intermolecular hydrogen bonding as well as the length of the terminal alkyl chains and the spacers on the mesophase are discussed. Our studies reveal that intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydrazide groups and microsegregation effect is the driving force for the formation of the monolayer smectic C structure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(L‐lactide)/C60 nanocomposites: Effects of C60 on crystallization of poly(L‐lactide)
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Kawashima Yoshio , Takikawa Hirofumi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of solvent type and concentration of C60 on the crystallization of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) during solvent evaporation, heating from room temperature, and cooling from the melt were investigated by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of C60 enhanced the PLLA crystallization during solvent evaporation, during heating of the melt‐quenched films, and during cooling from the melt of As‐cast films, except for heating and cooling of the PLLA film with 1 wt % of C60 prepared with dichloromethane. In the case of solvent evaporation, the difference in crystallinity between the PLLA films with and without C60 became higher for the solvent with a lower boiling point. In the case of heating of melt‐quenched films, the addition of C60 had a small effect on the crystallinity of PLLA, whereas significantly lowered the peak top and ending temperatures of cold crystallization, except for melt‐quenched PLLA film with 1 wt % of C60 prepared with dichloromethane. The crystallinity of PLLA was determined by the solvent type, rather than by the C60 concentration. In the case of cooling from the melt of As‐cast films, the addition of C60 elevated the crystallinity and cold crystallization temperature values of PLLA films, except for PLLA films prepared with dichloromethane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2167–2176, 2007
Variable temperature 19F solid‐state NMR study of the effect of electrostatic interactions on thermally‐stimulated molecular motions in perfluorosulfonate ionomers
Authors: Page Kirt A. , Jarrett William , Moore Robert B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study uses variable temperature 19F solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy to determine the influence of electrostatic interactions on the T1, T1ρ, and T2 values of Nafion®. Because of a “homogenizing” of the T1's as a result of spin diffusion, it was not possible to resolve from the T1 experiments the relative motions of the side‐ and main‐chain. The initial increase in T1ρ as a function of increasing temperature has been attributed to backbone rotations that increase with increasing temperature. The maxima observed in the T1ρ plots suggest a change in the dominant relaxation mechanism at that temperature. The similarity in relaxation behavior of the side‐ and main‐chains suggests that the motions are dynamically coupled, because of the fact that the side‐chain is directly attached to the main‐chain. Two T1ρ values were observed for the main‐chain at high temperatures, which has been attributed to a thermally activated ion‐hopping process. The results of T2 studies show that correlated motions of the side‐ and main‐chain exist at low temperatures. However, at elevated temperatures the T2 values for the side‐chain increase rapidly while remaining relatively constant for the main‐chain, indicating an onset of mobility of the side‐chains. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2177–2186, 2007
Identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma antigens that induce humoral immune response by proteomic analysis
Authors: Xiao Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Ying , Yi Bin , Li Mao‐Yu , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Yi Hong , Duan Chao‐Jun , Li Cui , Li Jian‐Ling , Tang Cen‐E , Yang Fang , Zhu Ge‐Qin , Chen Zhu‐Chu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA proteomics‐based approach has been used to identify proteins that commonly elicit a humoral immune response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Sera from 19 newly diagnosed NPC patients and 19 healthy individuals were analyzed for IgG autoantibodies against NPC proteins resolved by 2‐DE. Protein spots that exhibited selective reactivity with sera from NPC patients were identified by MS. Among nine identified proteins, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Erb3 binding protein (EBP1), and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor‐beta (Rho‐GDI‐2) induced autoantibodies in more than 36.8% of NPC patients but not in healthy individuals. Furthermore, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed to determine the expression and localization of CK19, EBP1, and Rho‐GDI‐2 in NPC and normal nasopharyngeal mucosal tissues. Up‐regulated CK19 and EBP1, but not Rho‐GDI‐2, were observed in NPC vs. normal tissue. Subcellular localization of the three proteins in NPC tissue was same as that in the normal tissue. Thus, overexpression of CK19 and EBP1 may be one of the mechanisms for their autoantibody development in NPC. To validate the findings of a proteomic analysis, occurrence of autoantibodies against these three proteins was detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis in additional 30 NPC patients, 23 other types of cancer patients and 20 healthy individuals. Results showed that frequency of autoantibodies against CK19, EBP1 and Rho‐GDI‐2 in NPC patients was significantly higher than that in other types of cancer patients and healthy individuals. We conclude that CK19, EBP1 and Rho‐GDI‐2 may have utility in NPC screening and diagnosis.