bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forskolin reverses the O-GlcNAcylation dependent decrease in GABAAR current amplitude at hippocampal synapses possibly at a neurosteroid site on GABAARs.
Authors: Phillips Shekinah , Chatham John C. , McMahon Lori L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

GABAergic transmission is influenced by post-translational modifications, like phosphorylation, impacting channel conductance, allosteric modulator sensitivity, and membrane trafficking. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification involving the O-linked attachment of β–N-acetylglucosamine on serine/threonine residues. Previously we reported an acute increase in O-GlcNAcylation elicits a long-term depression of evoked GABAAR inhibitory post synaptic currents (eIPSCs) onto hippocampal principal cells. Importantly, O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation can co-occur or compete for the same residue; whether they interact in modulating GABAergic IPSCs is unknown. We tested this by recording IPSCs from hippocampal principal cells and pharmacologically increased O-GlcNAcylation, before or after increasing serine phosphorylation using the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin. Although forskolin had no significant effect on baseline eIPSC amplitude, we found that a prior increase in O-GlcNAcylation unmasks a forskolin-dependent increase in eIPSC amplitude, reversing the O-GlcNAc-induced eIPSC depression. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase or protein kinase A did not prevent the potentiating effect of forskolin, indicating serine phosphorylation is not the mechanism. Surprisingly, increasing O-GlcNAcylation also unmasked a potentiating effect of the neurosteroids 5α-pregnane-3α,21-diol-20-one (THDOC) and progesterone on eIPSC amplitude, mimicking forskolin. Our findings show under conditions of heightened O-GlcNAcylation, the neurosteroid site on synaptic GABAARs is accessible to agonists, permitting strengthening of synaptic inhibition.
The coordination of hydraulic and leaf photosynthesis properties is a critical feature underlying the spread and distribution of Dasiphora fruticosa in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadows
Authors: Fan Baoli , Ding Nana , Gao Pengfei , Tian Ting ting , Ai Dongxia , Wan Yongkuan , Ma Miaojun , Sun Kun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Global climate change and human-induced factors have resulted in shrub encroachment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadows. Coordination among traits plays key role in plant adaptation to the environment. However, the mechanism by which the hydraulic and photosynthetic traits of shrubs are coordinated to adapt to different habitats on the Tibetan Plateau remain unclear.
Methods
Here, we assembled 23 root, stem and leaf traits, including hydraulic and photosynthetic traits, of a widely distributed shrub species, Dasiphora fruticosa, and tracked these against the degree of shrub encroachment (cover) on shady and sunny slope.
Results
We found that on shady slopes, D. fruticosa has enhanced hydraulic (KL, KS) and photosynthetic traits(Aa, Am, gs), while on sunny slopes it exhibits greater resistance capability (i.e high WD, more negative π0). By optimizing its hydraulic and photosynthetic traits, D. fruticosa enable to flourish in two different environments. Furthermore, as influenced by STN, STP, root system of D. fruticosa in shady and sunny environments also adopted two different resource use strategies, such that the above-ground parts have a reverse pattern of resource acquisition compared to the below-ground parts. The relationships between stem and leaf hydraulics (i.e KL, π0, KS) and economic traits (i.e LMA, RAD, SRL) drives the coupling of below- and above-ground resource of D. fruticosa in two environments.
Conclusion
Our study clearly shows the importance of hydraulics and leaf photosynthesis traits in governing shrub encroachment and provides useful values for predicting shrub encroachment as a response to climate change.
Understanding coffee farmers’ poverty, food insecurity and adaptive responses to climate stress. Evidence from the dry corridor of western Honduras
Authors: Rodriguez-Camayo Fernando , Borgemeister Christian , Ramirez-Villegas Julian , Lundy Mark , Beuchelt Tina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Central America faces significant vulnerability to climatic variations. In recent years, national and international organizations have been working on climate-smart agricultural (CSA) to support coffee farmers in adapting to climate change. However, limited scientific evidence exists regarding the efficacy of these strategies in mitigating vulnerability. This study aims to assess the suitability of CSA practices promoted by Honduras' coffee sector in addressing the needs and vulnerability of coffee-farming households. Here, we integrated quantitative and qualitative methods, to assess how coffee farmers' livelihoods, poverty levels, and food insecurity status relate to their dependence on coffee income, prevailing stressors, and responses from farmers and value chain stakeholders. Data from a survey of 348 coffee farmers in western Honduras, along with key stakeholder interviews and focus group discussions, inform our analyses. Results indicate that poverty levels rise with increased reliance on coffee income, while diversified income sources correlate with greater food security among households. Nevertheless, despite efforts to enhance coffee tree productivity and soil resilience, most CSA practices neglect the food insecurity concerns of coffee farmers. Interviews and discussions reveal uncertainty among farmers regarding maintaining food security under extreme hazards. Consequently, coffee households remain vulnerable to climate and non-climate hazards, leading to crop losses, income instability, and food insecurity. Our findings underscore the need for a fundamental shift in the scope of coffee CSA practices towards a more holistic approach that addresses food security and income.
Modeling Insulin and Glucose Dynamics and Metabolic Adaptions During Pregnancy under Two Testing Conditions: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp
Authors: Calancie Larissa , Jalali Mohammad S. , Akhavan Ali , Mahmoud Taysir , Economos Christina D. , O'Tierney-Ginn Perrie F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Maternal metabolism has important short- and long-term implications for mothers and their infants. Elevated levels of circulating maternal glucose and insulin are associated with large for gestational age infants and increased neonatal adiposity, both of which can have negative health effects. Assessing maternal glucose and insulin dynamics during pregnancy is important for identifying women in need of intervention and has the potential for informing personalized prenatal care.
Methods
We developed a novel system dynamics simulation model that estimates plasma insulin and glucose levels in early (12–16 weeks) and late (34–36 weeks) pregnancy under two clinical testing conditions: a 3-hour 75g fasted oral glucose tolerance test, and 3-hr fasted hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions.
Results
Model output closely resembled research data collected from 28 racially and ethnically diverse participants at both time points (e.g., OGTT glucose R2 in early pregnancy: 0.97, OGTT insulin R2 in early pregnancy: 0.98). The late pregnancy model includes five known metabolic adaptations that occur over the course of gestation, which contribute to the development of maternal insulin resistance. This physiologic insulin resistance in pregnancy facilitates nutrient availability to support fetal growth as gestation progresses.
Conclusion
This study is an initial step toward developing a personalized tool for monitoring maternal glucose dynamics to improve prenatal care, especially for pregnancies complicated by obesity and/or GDM. The novel simulation model shows how a combination of metabolic adaptations during pregnancy can explain the observed development of insulin resistance the occurs between early to late pregnancy. We included key delays in insulin action, an innovative approach to model glucose intake during an OGTT, and used several testing conditions to inform and validate the model. The model output aligned with plasma insulin and glucose in early and late pregnancy among participants (N = 28) under measured OGTT and simulated hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions.
Establishment and Validation of Predictive Model of ARDS in critically ill patients
Authors: wei senhao , Zhang Hua , Li Hao , Li Chao , Shen Ziyuan , Yin Yiyuan , Cong Zhukai , Zeng Zhaojin , Ge Qinggang , Li Dongfeng , Zhu Xi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a prevalent complication among critically ill patients, constituting around 10% of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality rates ranging from 35% to 46%. Hence, early recognition and prediction of ARDS are crucial for the timely administration of targeted treatment. However, ARDS is frequently underdiagnosed or delayed, and its heterogeneity diminishes the clinical utility of ARDS biomarkers. This study aimed to observe the incidence of ARDS among high-risk patients and develop and validate an ARDS prediction model using machine learning (ML) techniques based on clinical parameters.
Methods: This prospective cohort study in China was conducted on critically ill patients to derivate and validate the prediction model. The derivation cohort, consisting of 400 patients admitted to the ICU of the Peking University Third Hospital(PUTH) between December 2020 and August 2023, was separated for training and internal validation, and an external data set of 160 patients at the FU YANG People's Hospital from August 2022 to August 2023 was employed for external validation. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen predictor variables. Multiple ML classification models were integrated to analyze and identify the best models. Several evaluation indexes were used to compare the predictive performance, including the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). S Hapley Additive ex Planations (SHAP) is used to interpret ML models.
Results:400 critically ill patients were included in the analysis, with 117 developing ARDS during follow-up. The final model included gender, Lung Injury Prediction Score (LIPS), HepaticDisease, Shock, and combined Lung Contusion. Based on the AUC and DCA in the validation group, the logistic model demonstrated excellent performance, achieving an AUC of 0.836 (95% CI: 0.762-0.910). For external validation, comprising 160 patients, 44 of whom developed ARDS, the AUC was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.723-0.875).
conclusion: Logistic regression models were constructed and interpreted using the SHAP method to provide a basis for screening high-risk groups for ARDS and to guide individualized treatment for different patients.
Glacier Surge as a Trigger for the Fastest Delta Growth in the Arctic
Authors: Kavan Jan , Strzelecki Mateusz , Benn Douglas , Luckman Adrian , Matěj Roman , Zagórski Piotr 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The widespread retreat of Svalbard glaciers has been frequently interrupted by short-lived surge advances. In the case of marine-terminating glaciers this is often expressed in the remodelling of coastal zones. We analyzed the coastal zone changes in front of the recently surging Recherchebreen. The glacier advanced ca 1200 m and suddenly stopped in June 2020 followed by the rapid formation of a delta system in front of its subglacial meltwater outlet. The delta advanced by ca 450 m with probably the fastest progradation rate ever detected in the Arctic region. The synchroneity of the final slow-down of the glacier with the delta building indicates that this event records the release of stored water and sediments from beneath the glacier thus providing direct evidence of drainage reorganisation at the termination of a surge. Such behaviour is likely common among Svalbard surging glaciers, but it only rarely leaves any direct geomorphic evidence.
Evaluation of Junctional Zone Differential and Ratio as Possible Markers of Clinical Efficacy in Uterine Artery Embolization of Adenomyosis
Authors: Turtóczki Kolos , Cho Hyunsoo , Dastaran Sorour , Kaposi Pál N. , Tömösváry Zoltán , Várbíró Szabolcs , Ács Nándor , Kalina Ildikó , Bérczi Viktor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Uterine artery embolization is a well-established method of adenomyosis treatment. Changes in uterine volume and maximal junctional zone thickness (JZmax) after embolization are thoroughly analyzed in the literature. Changes in other suggested morphological diagnostic markers of adenomyosis (junctional zone differential – JZdiff - and junctional zone ratio - JZratio) on the other hand are rarely evaluated. This single-center retrospective study aimed to analyze the changes in morphological parameters used for the MR imaging diagnosis of adenomyosis (including JZdiff and JZratio) after UAE. Clinical effectiveness and safety were also analyzed.
Materials and methods
Patients who underwent UAE for adenomyosis from 2008-2021 were evaluated. Adenomyosis was diagnosed based on JZmax, JZdiff, and JZratio measured on MR imaging. To assess clinical efficacy numerical-analog-quality-of-life (QoL) score was routinely obtained from patients at our centre. MRI morphological data were analyzed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, uni- and multivariate regression models, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results
From our database of 801 patients who underwent UAE in 14 years, preprocedural MR images were available in 577 cases, 15 patients had pure adenomyosis (15/577, 2.6%). Uterine volume, JZmax, and JZdiff decreased significantly after UAE; QoL score increased significantly. A significant correlation was found between QoL change vs. JZmax and JZdiff change. Permanent amenorrhoea and elective hysterectomy 5 years after UAE were both 7.1%.
Conclusion
Change of JZdiff after UAE in adenomyis is a potential marker of clinical success. UAE is clinically safe and effective treatment in adenomyosis.
Level of Evidence: Level 4, Case Series.
The role of C5aR1-mediated hepatic macrophage efferocytosis in NASH
Authors: Shen Xuan , Zheng Wenxing , Du Xinna , Chen Yuping , song Xianping , Yang Liucai , Yuan Qi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

NAFLD has become the first major chronic liver disease in developed countries. 10-20% of NAFLD patients will progress to NASH, and up to 25% of NASH patients may develop cirrhosis within 10 years. Therefore, it is critical to find key factors that may treat this disease. Here, we identified C5aR1 as a highly-expressed gene in NASH model mice through analyzing GEO database and confirmed its higher expression in livers of NASH patients than that of NAFL patients. Meanwhile, we verified its positive correlation with patients’ serum ALT and AST levels. In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that knocking down C5aR1 in liver significantly reduced liver weight ratio and serum ALT and AST levels and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and cell apoptosis in the liver of NASH mice as well as enhanced the efferocytotic ability of liver macrophages, suggesting that C5aR1 may play a crucial role in the efferocytosis of liver macrophages. Furthermore, we also found that the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and other inflammation-related factors in the liver were significantly reduced. Our work demonstrates a potential mechanism of how C5aR1 deficiency protects against diet-induced NASH by coordinating the regulation of inflammatory factors and affecting hepatic macrophage efferocytosis.
Dual beam optical coherence tomography angiography for decoupling axial velocity gradient
Authors: Xu Zhengyang , Wang Yukun , Chen Xi , Lin Kan , Liu Linbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Axial velocity gradient (AVG) in the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) signal affects measurement accuracy when the flow is not perpendicular to the scanning beam. We developed a dual beam OCTA method to decouple the contribution of AVG from the decorrelation signal. Decoupling is first verified by phantom experiments which reduces measurement uncertainty from 8% to 0.4% (standard deviation). We also tested the method in human skin in vivo and the results indicate that the contribution of AVG to decorrelation signal is reduced.
Study on low energy consumption control method and working performance of linear compressor
Authors: LI Jiangang , WU Jianjun , HUANG Qijia , GUAN Xiaowei , GAO Zhongjie , YANG Xinwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

For the high performance study of linear compressor with single mathematical model and control method, by analyzing the working principle of linear compressor, based on Lyapunov function, establish the mathematical model of low energy compressor system with frequency input and power output, compensate the uncertainty of the compressor, improve the transient performance, simulation and stability analysis.The compressor performance test bench was set up, and the fully automated multi-parameter test was realized based on Matlab software, obtaining the influence of parameter change on the performance of the compressor.The results show that when the working frequency is 54Hz , the refrigeration system enters the stable state for a shorter time and the power is lower; when the evaporation temperature is 30℃, the stability time is shorter and the power is lower; when the refrigerant is charged 300g, the stability time is shorter; the stable state and the consumption time is reduced by 32%, which proves that the proposed compressor system modeling method is feasible and efficient, and the proposed model control strategy has good low energy consumption and effectiveness.
Is Reciprocal Facilitation a Myth in Upper Motor Neuron Lesions?
Authors: Kalaoglu Eser , Kokce Mustafa , Çetin Mert , Türker Kemal , Karacan Ilhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Study Design: Clinical trial
Objective: To investigate whether reciprocal facilitation is a pseudo-reflex response resulting from crosstalk or cross-stimulation using the MMU EMG technique.
Setting: Istanbul Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye
Methods: Five individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord lesions (SCL) and five able-bodied volunteers participated in the study. To trigger the reciprocal facilitation response in the tibialis anterior muscle, the Soleus T-reflex was induced by tapping the Achilles tendon, while the Soleus H-reflex was elicited by stimulating the tibialis nerve. Reflex responses were simultaneously recorded from the right soleus and right tibialis anterior muscles using both surface electromyography (sEMG) and multi-motor unit (MMU) EMG.
Results: It was noted that the EMG responses initially interpreted as reciprocal facilitation in both able-bodied individuals and those with SCL were actually due to cross-stimulation. Specifically, it was found that when the tibial nerve was stimulated with an electrical current to evoke the soleus H-reflex, simultaneous stimulation of the peroneal nerve occurred, resulting in the occurrence of both tibialis anterior H-reflex and M wave (cross-electrical stimulation). Additionally, striking the Achilles tendon with a reflex hammer to elicit the soleus T-reflex resulted in mechanical stimulation spreading to both the soleus and tibialis anterior muscle bellies, activating the muscle spindles and eliciting both soleus and tibialis anterior T-reflex responses (cross-mechanical stimulation).
Conclusions: No evidence supporting reciprocal facilitation was found. Further research utilizing H-reflex and T-reflex tests, resolving the cross-stimulation issue, is needed to establish its existence conclusively.
WITHDRAWN: Analysis and Control of the Gearshift Process Based on a Dog Clutch Shiftability Model
Authors: Aljawabrah Ayham , Szabó Ádám , Lovas Laszlo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This paper deals with gearshift control using a face dog clutch as a shifting element. Based on our previous work on dog clutch kinematics, the paper identifies optimal control parameters, such as the optimal angular position difference at which the gearshift process can start, and the linear reference position trajectory. The robustness of the control parameters is shown. Further on, a gearshift mechanism dynamic model is developed, describing elements of an existing gearbox with shifting elements guided by a rotating disc. The coupled linear and torsional dynamics of the actuated shifting mechanism are analyzed. Finally, a linear quadratic regulator is designed and tested in a model in the loop environment for the requested reference trajectory to show the feasibility of the presented method. Two gearshift cases are considered, and the results show that the developed controller can perform a successful gearshift without experiencing a face impact between the gear and the sliding sleeve teeth.
A rare case of diaphragmatic dysfunction following endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with concomitant sleep disordered breathing
Authors: Kerkhove Olivier Van , Demolder Saartje , Testelmans Dries , Buyse Bertien , Kalkanis Alexandros 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

A 60-year-old male patient presented at our outpatient clinic with exertional dyspnoea and orthopnoea. He recently underwent a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We documented a new right-sided unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis (UDP) as well as severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in this patient. The combination of this particular surgical method, the concomitant OSAS and the right side of the UDP make this a unique case. In this report we will briefly summarize several aspects of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the post-CABG setting, with a thorough focus on the role of ultrasound in its diagnosis and follow-up.