bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between appearance anxiety and depression among students in a medical university in China: a serial multiple mediation model
Authors: Xian Xiaobing , Niu Tengfei , Zhang Yu , Zhou Xilin , Wang Xinxin , Du Xin , Qu Linhan , Mao Binyi , He Ying , Chen Xiyu , Ye Mengliang 
Published: March 2024

Background
Appearance anxiety and depression have become common and global public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents. However, few studies have revealed the mechanisms between them. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of interpersonal sensitivity and social support between appearance anxiety and depression among medical college students.

Methods
With 13 invalid samples excluded, 724 college students participated in our survey and completed questionnaires. The average age of 724 samples was 19.8 ± 2.02 including freshman to senior year and graduate school and above; 31.9% of the participants were male and 68.1% were female. SPSS 25.0 and Hayes’ PROCESS macro were used for statistical description, correlation analysis and built multiple mediation models.

Results
Appearance anxiety can not only directly affect depression, but also indirectly affect depression through three significant mediating pathways: (1) IS (B = 0.106, 95% CI [0.082–0.132]), which accounted for 49.77% of the total effect, (2) SS (B = 0.018, 95% CI [0.008–0.031]), which accounted for 8.45% of the total effect, and (3) IS and SS (B = 0.008, 95% CI [0.003–0.014]), which accounted for 3.76% of the total effect. And the total mediating effect was 61.97%.

Limitations
It is a cross-sectional research method and the causal relationship is unclear.

Conclusions
This study found that lower interpersonal sensitivity and higher social support can effectively reduce depression caused by appearance anxiety among college students. The schools and relevant departments should take measures to reduce the interpersonal sensitivity of college students and establish reliable social support, so as to reduce the occurrence of depression.
Identifying app components that promote physical activity: a group concept mapping study
Authors: Braun Maya , Carlier Stéphanie , De Backere Femke , Van De Velde Marie , De Turck Filip , Crombez Geert , De Paepe Annick L. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Digital interventions are a promising avenue to promote physical activity in healthy adults. Current practices recommend to include end-users early on in the development process. This study focuses on the wishes and needs of users regarding an a mobile health (mHealth) application that promotes physical activity in healthy adults, and on the differences between participants who do or do not meet the World Health Organization’s recommendation of an equivalent of 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity.

Methods
We used a mixed-method design called Group Concept Mapping. In a first phase, we collected statements completing the prompt “In an app that helps me move more, I would like to see/ do/ learn the following…” during four brainstorming sessions with physically inactive individuals (n = 19). The resulting 90 statements were then sorted and rated by a new group of participants (n = 46). Sorting data was aggregated, and (dis)similarity matrices were created using multidimensional scaling. Hierarchical clustering was applied using Ward’s method. Analyses were carried out for the entire group, a subgroup of active participants and a subgroup of inactive participants. Explorative analyses further investigated ratings of the clusters as a function of activity level, gender, age and education.

Results
Six clusters of statements were identified, namely ‘Ease-of-use and Self-monitoring’, ‘Technical Aspects and Advertisement’, ‘Personalised Information and Support’, ‘Motivational Aspects’, ‘Goal setting, goal review and rewards’, and ‘Social Features’. The cluster ‘Ease-of-use and Self-monitoring’ was rated highest in the overall group and the active subgroup, whereas the cluster ‘Technical Aspects and Advertisement’ was scored as most relevant in the inactive subgroup. For all groups, the cluster ‘Social Features’ was scored the lowest. Explorative analysis revealed minor between-group differences.

Discussion
The present study identified priorities of users for an mHealth application that promotes physical activity. First, the application should be user-friendly and accessible. Second, the application should provide personalized support and information. Third, users should be able to monitor their behaviour and compare their current activity to their past performance. Fourth, users should be provided autonomy within the app, such as over which and how many notifications they would like to receive, and whether or not they want to engage with social features. These priorities can serve as guiding principles for developing mHealth applications to promote physical activity in the general population.
Bio-Efficacy of Newer Insecticides on Major Insect Pests of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Meena R.S. , Kumar Puneet , Prerana S.B.  
Published: March 2024

Present study was carried out at the Farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during 2022-23. In order to study the bio-efficacy of insecticides; field experiment was laid with six treatments viz., chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G @ 29.81 g a.i/ha,chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G@39.75g a.i/ha, chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G@49.69 g a.i/ha, chlorantraniliprole 0.4G@ 40 g a.i/ha and fipronil 0.3G @75 g a.i/ha including the untreated control. In case of stem borer and leaf folder chlorantraniliprole 0.53%GR @39.75g a.i/haprovided significantly better control followed by chlorantraniliprole 0.53% GR @ 49.69g a.i/ha, Fipronil 0.30% GR@ 75g a.i/hachlorantraniliprole 0.53%G @ 29.81 g a.i/ha and Chlorantraniliprole 0.40% GR@ 49.69g a.i/ha. It was concluded that the Bio-efficacy of insecticidal treatments against major pests of paddy showed that chlorantraniliprole 0.53%G 39.5g a.i/ha was first best insecticidal treatment against both Lepidopteran insect pests of paddy.
Cross Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Tuberculosis among the District of Sudhnuti, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Najeeb Muhammad , Shah Zahid Hussain , Khan Muhammad Hameed , Haroon Muhammad , Siraj Nida 
Published: March 2024

Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a major health risk that is mostly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a member of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC). Ten million cases of tuberculosis and 1.3 million deaths from the disease occur each year, making Mycobacterium tuberculosis one of the leading causes of death globally. Pakistan is ranked fifth among high-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB) and is expected to rank fourth for the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB. As a result, tuberculosis poses a serious threat to public health in Pakistan. Tuberculosis is a common occurrence in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
Aims: The current study aimed to find out the prevalence of tuberculosis in the defined population.
Study Design: The study was conducted in the District and Tehsil Headquarters Hospitals of District Sudhnuti AJK.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from all the District and Tehsil headquarters hospitals of Sudhnuti district from January 2019 to December 2019.
Methodology: Samples of sputum from suspected cases were gathered from district Sudhnuti hospitals and TB centers from January 2019 to December 2019. All the suspected cases were examined by sputum smear microscopy and then bacteriologically positive cases were further confirmed by GeneXpert. All positive cases were examined for multi-drug resistance by using GeneXpert.
Results: In the current study during the year 2019, 201 TB cases were reported from district Sudhnuti out of which 107 (53.23%) were males and 94 (46.76%) were females. The value of P=0.51 which is >0.05 is insignificant shows that Tuberculosis has no selective effect on a specific gender. Pulmonary cases were 131 in number with 81 bacteriologically positive and 50 clinically diagnosed negative cases. Extra Pulmonary cases were 70 in number with 1 bacteriologically positive and 69 clinically diagnosed negative cases. Only 2 (0.99%) MDR cases were diagnosed and the case notification rate during 2019 was 66.
Conclusion: The current study shows that males are slightly more prone to TB in district Sudhnuti AJK as compared to females. Individuals with age >64 are more susceptible to TB when compared to individuals with age <15. The CNR during 2019 is 66 which is far away from the WHO set criteria. The CNR indicates that there is a need for improvement in the surveillance system.
Identification of Traits Associated with Drought Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Sabitha N. , Divya M. , Vardhan K Mohan Vishnu , Rao E. S. V. Narayana 
Published: March 2024

The cotton genotypes viz; NDLH-1935, NDLH-1943, NDLH-1949, NDLH-1976, NDLH-1979, NDLH-2019, Sivanandi and NDLH-2005-4 recorded comparatively higher mean values for primary root length, shoot length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, relative water content and root/shoot ratio both under controlled and moisture-stress conditions out of 30 genotypes studied under greenhouse conditions at seedling stage during kharif, 2022-23 at RARS, Nandyal. Low to moderate range of phenotypic coefficients variability (9.54 to 25.22 and 14.16 to 24.67), higher heritability (93.00 to 98.30 and 96.30 to 99.80) coupled with higher genetic advance over mean (18.29 to 51.07 and 28.22 to 50.31) registered under controlled and moisture-stress conditions, respectively revealed the importance of additive gene action for all the characters studied. Primary root length had positive and significant phenotypic and genotypic associations with shoot length (0.3105** and 0.3211**), root dry weight (0.3294** and 0.3332**) and root/ shoot ratio (0.3688 **and 0.3753**) under controlled conditions while the same character showed either non significant or significant negative correlations (0.0355 and 0.0342, -0.0830 and -0.0702 and 0.2126** and -0.2230**) under moisture stress conditions. Shoot length showed non significant associations with all the characters studied under both the conditions. The phenotypic associations between shoot dry weight and root dry weight (0.7168** and 0.5431**) and root dry weight with root/ shoot ratio (0.8115** and 0.5515**) were significant and positive association at phenotypic level under controlled and moisture-stress conditions, respectively. Relative water content had non significant associations whereas root/ shoot ratio showed positive and significant associations with primary root length and non significant associations with all other characters under both the conditions. Based on mean values, heritability and genetic advance for primary root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio under both controlled and moisture stress conditions, the above characters may be considered as important parameters while selecting genotypes for improving drought tolerance ability in upland cotton.
Crude Oil Biodegradation Performance in Natural Seawater of a Trichoderma species from Decaying Mangrove Wood in East Kalimantan
Authors: Afrida Sitompul , Kumalasari Prapti Ira , Sinaga Jan Friadi , Amiruddin  , Yanto Dede Heri Yuli , Horisawa Sakae , Tamai Yutaka 
Published: March 2024

Large-scale petroleum production poses environmental and human health risks, particularly due to petroleum contamination in marine environments. The aim of this study was to isolate and screen fungi inhabiting decaying mangrove wood in East Kalimantan with their ability to degrade crude oil in seawater. In the initial step, fungi were isolated using standard methods and screened for crude oil degradation and biomass production. Selected fungi were based on their significant biomass production. Subsequently, the selected fungus was cultured in three types of media based on natural seawater and crude oil at initial concentrations ranging from 1% to 5% (v/v). The biodegradation of crude oil was assessed spectrophotometrically at 420 nm. Out of the 17 decaying wood fungi, MG-07 exhibited significantly higher biomass production compared to the control medium (without crude oil). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that MG-07 degraded 20%–80% of the normal aliphatic compounds in the tested crude oils within 2 weeks. Furthermore, the growth and degradation efficiency of MG-07 was significantly enhanced when cultured in a natural seawater medium containing crude oil, supplemented with glucose (20 g/L) and Tween 80 (1% v/v). The highest observed biomass gains were 867%, with a biodegradation efficiency of 31.6% at a crude oil concentration of 1%. MG-07 was identified as Trichoderma sp. based on the internal transcribed spacer region. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that MG-07 has significant potential for degrading crude oil in saline environments. These findings provide valuable insights for the application of fungi in marine oil spill remediation.
Innovative Module Design for Advanced Automated Irrigation Systems
Authors: Yadav Rashmi , Kushwah Ajay , Sangeeta  , Soren Jogendra , Ganachari Himalaya , Singh Indraveer 
Published: March 2024

Aim:The paper aims to develop a soil moisture sensor utilizing copper material to enhance irrigation efficiency in regions like India. Calibration using the gravimetric method showcased the sensor's superior performance across various soil types. Integrated with an Arduino platform, an automated irrigation module was successfully tested. The developed system offers a practical solution for automated irrigation, even in water-scarce environments.
Methodology: The study conducted in the Soil and Water Conservation Engineering Laboratory involved fabricating a soil moisture sensor with copper material. The experimental setup comprised four units: power supply, sensing, controller, and display. Calibration involved the standard gravimetric method to establish a linear equation correlating moisture sensor readings with soil moisture content.
Results: Calibration revealed a linear relationship between the developed sensor's analog values and soil moisture content. Validation against the gravimetric method demonstrated high accuracy across the tested soil types and depths. Statistical analysis yielded low RMSE values (1.02, 1.013, and 1.022), high R² values, and a satisfactory NSE (0.90, 0.90, 0.89), confirming the sensor's reliability and precision.
Conclusion: The developed soil moisture sensor, validated through rigorous testing, demonstrates superior performance across tested soil types. Integrated into an automated irrigation module, it offers an efficient solution for irrigation automation, contributing to water conservation and improved crop productivity.
Performance evaluation of a silk protein‐based matrix for the enzymatic conversion of tyrosine to L‐DOPA
Authors: Acharya Chitrangada , Kumar Veerendra , Sen Ramkrishna , Kundu Subhas C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractL‐DOPA (3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐L‐alanine), one of the most important intermediates in the melanin biosynthesis pathway, is used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. With a view of developing a cheaper and more effective method for the bioconversion of tyrosine to L‐DOPA, the potential and performance of a novel fibrous matrix prepared from Bombyx mori silk protein fibroin were evaluated for the immobilization of tyrosinase. Cross‐linkage between fibroin and tyrosinase using glutaraldehyde was evident from Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy. Maximum product formation occurred when 1000 U enzyme was immobilized on 20 mg fibroin. The optimum conditions for maximal L‐DOPA production using immobilized tyrosinase were 40°C and pH 5.5, conditions that caused a 50% loss of free enzyme activity. Immobilized tyrosinase also showed to have a higher degree of stability during storage and it retained 80% of its original activity after repeated reuses. The efficiency of this immobilized tyrosinase system to produce L‐DOPA was high, as evident from a high effectiveness factor, between 0.7 and 0.8, thereby making this method feasible for the large‐scale production of L‐DOPA.
The efficacy of ECT in double depression
Authors: Prudic Joan , Sackeim Harold A. , Devanand D. P. , Kiersky Judith E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEvidence for the efficacy of antidepressant medications in populations with chronic or double depression has been encouraging. However, the efficacy of ECT in double depression has not been examined previously. One hundred patients met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depression; 75 patients had major depression only and 25 had major depression superimposed on intermittent or minor depression (double depression). Short‐term clinical response to ECT and relapse rates were compared in the two groups. Overall, patients with double depression were as likely to respond to ECT as patients with major depression only and both groups showed the same percentage change in symptoms. This suggested that ECT was effective in the acute treatment of the double depressed. Symptom severity at baseline was unrelated to ECT outcome among patients with major depression alone. In contrast, double depressed patients who responded to ECT had particularly severe baseline symptomatology. However, double depressed responders had more residual symptoms immediately and one week following the ECT course compared to ECT responders with major depression only. There also were indications that relapse during the year following ECT was more likely in the double depressed. In general, these findings regarding the short‐term and long‐term efficacy of ECT in double depression parallel those reported for antidepressant medications. Depression 1:38–44 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI detection of abnormality in the corpus callosum and late‐onset depression
Authors: Doraiswamy P. Murali , Reeder Kenneth P. , Logue Patrick E. , Husain Mustafa M. , Figiel Gary S. , Krishnan K Ranga R. , Nemeroff Charles B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA Case of a 75‐year‐old female with late‐onset depression and MRI finding of a T2 signal hyperintensity in the anterior corpus callosum is presented. This case furthers the clinical anatomical association between late‐onset mood disorders and frontal subcortical cere‐brovascular disease. Depression 1:108–109 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Routine thyroid screening in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Warner M. Dhyanne , Nader Shahla , Griffin Moya , Hermann Stephen , Shah Nuran , Peabody Cecilia A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRoutine thyroid screening tests are frequently ordered in psychiatric hospitals but there is no substantial evidence to justify this practice. Furthermore, there is little evidence to substantiate the belief that thyroid disease is more commonly associated with mood disorders than other psychiatric disorders. The few reports available do not take age and sex into account. The authors attempted to clarify both of these issues. A retrospective review of 3,188 psychiatric inpatient charts was conducted to determine the usefulness of routine thyroid junction tests (TFTs). While 25% of this population exhibited some abnormality in TFTs, the majority were judged insignificant. There was a 2.5% prevalence of thyroid disease and a 0.5% incidence of newly diagnosed thyroid disease based solely on screening TFTs. There was a significant relationship between mood disorders and thyroid disease with age and sex held constant. The prevalence of thyroid disease in psychiatric patients is consistent with the general population. Since there was a significant relationship between mood disorders and thyroid disease, if screening TFTs are performed, they may be most appropriate in this group. Whether routine TFTs should or should not be done on all psychiatric inpatients is not answered with this study. Depression 1:143–148 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine concentrations and dynamics in depressed patients and normal volunteers
Authors: Geracioti Thomas D. , Schmidt Dennis , Ekhator Nosa N. , Shelton Richard , Parris Winston , Loosen Peter T. , Ebert Michael H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAbnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) noradrenergic concentrations or dynamics have been postulated to occur in major depression, although direct measurements of norepinephrine concentrations in single samples of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have failed to find significant differences between depressed patients and normal or neurological controls. However, the study of CNS noradrenergic dynamics under physiologic conditions has not been achieved because of the technical limitations of lumbar puncture. In the present study, we used a serial sampling technique in order to longitudinally assess CSF norepinephrine concentrations in ten healthy volunteers and ten depressed patients, smokers as well as non‐smokers, while fasting and after the physiologic perturbation of eating. We continuously sampled CSF via indwelling subarachnoid catheters from 1100 to 1700 h and measured norepinephrine at 10 min intervals. A standardized mixed liquid meal was administered at 1300 h, breaking a 17 h fast. We found wide inter‐individual variability in CSF norepinephrine concentrations in both groups, but no difference in CSF norepinephrine concentration between depressed patients (1.20 ± 0.85 pmol/ml, mean ± SD) and normal subjects (1.07 ± 0.15 pmol/ml). Significant intra‐individual concentration variability over time was observed, which did not differ between healthy subjects and depressed patients. Hourly plasma norepinephrine concentrations were similar in normal volunteers and depressed patients. Mean plasma norepinephrine levels tended to correlate modestly with mean CSF norepinephrine concentrations. Body mass index was inversely correlated with CSF norepinephrine concentration but showed no significant relationship to plasma norepinephrine. Elevated CSF and plasma norepinephrine concentrations were, however, seen in depressed cigarette smokers compared to non‐smokers. A rise in CSF norepinephrine was observed during the experiment in all subjects combined, suggesting either a response to a meal or a normal circadian rhythm. These data indicate that CSF norepinephrine concentrations do not distinguish between depressed patients and normal volunteers. Depression 1:149–155 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurochemical evidence that the antidepressant paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in man
Authors: Nelson David R. , Palmer Katherine J. , Tasker Timothy C. G. , Tulloch Ian F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParoxetine, a clinically effective antidepressant, has been shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT, or serotonin) reuptake in rodent brain tissues; however, to date only indirect evidence of similar selectivity in man has been available. In the current study, paroxetine (10 to 40 mg daily) or placebo was administered to young, healthy volunteers for 28 d. Plasma samples were obtained at regular intervals and were assessedfor either [3H]‐ 5‐HT or [3H]‐norepinephrine (NE) uptake inhibiting properties in rat cortical synaptosomal preparations. Plasma samples obtained from those subjects administered paroxetine demonstrated weak inhibition of [3H]‐5‐HT uptake into rat cortical synaptosomal preparations 2, 4, and 6 h after the first dose was administered on day 1. However, significant inhibition was observed on day 7 and at steady‐state levels on day 28 (54% and 66%, respectively). No inhibition of [3H]‐5‐HT uptake was observed with plasma samples obtained following a 2 week wash‐outperiod (day 42). Plasma samples obtained from subjects administered paroxetine had no effect on [3H]‐NE uptake, while plasma samples from subjects administered placebo did not alter [3H]‐5‐HT or [3H]‐NE uptake. These results demonstrate that paroxetine, at clinically relevant doses, is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in man. Depression 1:263–267 (1993). © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.