bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free radical scavenging activity, metal chelation and antioxidant power of some of the Indian spices
Authors: Yadav Amit Singh , Bhatnagar Deepak 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFood constituents are the major source of various phytochemicals and micronutrients. The importance of these dietary constituents has been stressed in recent years due to their antioxidant and anticarcinogenic potential. Spices used in Indian foods such as cloves (Syzygium aromaticum), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), mace (aril of Myristica fragans), and greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum) were tested for their antioxidant properties in vitro. The metal chelating activity, bleomycin dependent DNA oxidation, diphenyl‐p‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and the ferric reducing /antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured in rat liver homogenate in presence of spices. Metal chelating activity was significantly high with all the spice extracts except mace. The spices due to higher reducing potential (in presence of bleomycin‐FeCl3 ) showed increased DNA oxidation. Cloves showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, followed by licorice, mace and cardamom. FRAP values for cloves were also the highest, while other spices showed comparatively lesser FRAP values. The results show that the spices tested are strong antioxidants and may have beneficial effects on human health.
Adiponectin and leptin up‐regulate extracellular matrix production by dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu , Amano Satoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAdipocytes were recently shown to secrete adipocytokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, which may have an endocrine role. Subcutaneous adipose tissue lies just beneath the dermis, and dermal condition is correlated with body mass index (BMI). However, it is not clear whether adipocytokines released by adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue influence the adjacent dermis. We found that human dermal fibroblasts express genes encoding receptors for adiponectin and leptin, and that those cytokines both significantly increase production of hyaluronic acid (HA), a major extracellular matrix component (ECM) of dermis, by dermal fibroblasts. This effect is accompanied with up‐regulation of HA synthase 2 gene expression. Moreover, adiponectin significantly increases production of collagen, the most abundant component of ECM in dermis, by dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that subcutaneous adipocytes influence dermal condition by up‐regulating collagen and HA production by dermal fibroblasts via secretion of adiponectin and leptin.
Assessment of antioxidative activity of extract from fermented grain food mixture using chemical and cellular systems
Authors: Ogawa Yoko , Omata Yo , Nishio Keiko , Saito Yoshiro , Yoshida Yasukazu , Niki Etsuo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFermented food is a rich source of antioxidants and micronutrients with the potential to prevent various human diseases. The increasing evidence indicates that in addition to its direct action, radical‐scavenging antioxidants may modulate the cellular antioxidant system such as glutathione. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Antioxidant Biofactor (AOBTM ) extracts, a mixture of commercially available fermented grain food by using chemical and cellular experimental systems. In the former system, the total radical scavenging capacity was assessed from the bleaching of pyranine and pyrogallol red that is induced by free radicals generated from an azo initiator. In this assay system, the radical scavenging capacity per gram of AOB was estimated to be 95 μmol. On the other hand, the cytoprotective effect of AOB was also investigated on the basis of PC12 cell death induced by 6‐hydroxydopamine. In this cellular system, AOB extract exhibited a cytoprotective effect only when the cells were pretreated with AOB. This pretreatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of cellular glutathione as well as regulator of glutathione synthesis, such as the cystine/glutamate exchange transport system (xCT). This evidence suggests that AOB possesses both direct and indirect antioxidant activities to cope with oxidative insults.
Refolding and purification of rhNTA protein by chromatography
Authors: Fan Xiangdong , Xu DianSheng , Lu Bing , Xia Jie , Wei Dongzhi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRhNTA protein is a new thrombolytic agent which has potential medicinal and commercial value. Protein refolding is a bottleneck for large‐scale production of valuable proteins expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. The denatured rhNTA protein was refolded by an improved size‐exclusion chromatography refolding process achieved by combining an increasing arginine gradient and a decreasing urea gradient (two gradients) with a size‐exclusion chromatography refolding system. The refolding of denatured rhNTA protein showed that this method could significantly increase the activity recovery of protein at high protein concentration. The activity recovery of 37% was obtained from the initial rhNTA protein concentration up to 20 mg/mL. After refolding by two‐gradient size‐exclusion chromatography refolding processes, the refolded rhNTA was purified by ion‐exchange and affinity chromatography. The purified rhNTA protein showed one band in SDS‐PAGE and the specific activity of purified rhNTA protein was 110,000 U/mg. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keratan sulfate‐containing proteoglycans in sheep brain with particular reference to phosphacan and synaptic vesicle proteoglycan isoforms
Authors: Sinouris Efstathios A. , Skandalis Spyros S. , Kilia Virginia , Theocharis Achilleas D. , Theocharis Dimitrios A. , Ravazoula Panagiota , Vynios Demitrios H. , Papageorgakopoulou Nickoletta 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProteoglycans (PGs) are widely expressed in all areas of the brain. In this study, the keratan sulfate‐containing PGs (KS‐PGs) from cerebrum (CB), cerebellum (CL) and brainstem (BS) of young sheep brain were isolated, purified and characterized. The amount of KS‐PGs in CL was significantly lower than that in CB and BS. KS‐PGs were characterized by increased extent of glycosylation and heterogeneity of KS chains in CL. Western blot analyses demonstrated the presence of the KS‐PGs phosphacan, SV2A and SV2B isoforms of synaptic vesicle proteoglycan in all three areas of the young sheep brain. Phosphacan predominated in BS and CB, showing significant molecular heterogeneity. SV2A and SV2B were found in two forms of high and low molecular sizes according to their extent of glycosylation in sheep brain. SV2A predominated in CL, where forms with very high molecular sizes were detected. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that SV2A was localized in the extracellular matrix of both gray and white matter. In contrast, phosphacan and SV2B were mainly localized in the white matter in all brain regions. The results of the present study demonstrated that KS‐PGs are present in the three areas of the sheep brain, showing significant variations in their content, structure and localization among the distinct areas. These differences may be important for the physiology of the brain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of urinary androgen glucuronides by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hee , Lee Jeongae , Choi Man Ho , Lee Won‐Yong , Chung Bong Chul 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI/MS/MS) is a simple and highly sensitive method for quantifying seven urinary androgen glucuronides. The urine samples were diluted and filtered through a membrane filter, and the filtrate was injected into a CE‐MS/MS system without further sample preparation steps such as extraction and derivatization. The calibration ranges were 0.01–5 µg/mL for glucuronides of androsterone and 11β‐OHAn‐3G, and 5–500 ng/mL for glucuronides of 11‐ketoAn, DHEA, testosterone, epitestosterone and DHT. The linearity of the method was 0.992–0.998, and the limits‐of‐detection at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 were 5–10 ng/mL. The coefficients of variation were in the range of 4.0–9.0% for intra‐day assay and 4.1–9.8% for inter‐day assay. The proposed method may be applicable to metabolic profiling in both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid analysis of tetracaine for a tape stripping pharmacokinetic study using short‐end capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Al‐Otaibi F. , Tucker A. T. , Johnston A. , Perrett D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA rapid and simple short‐end (reverse) capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the separation and quantification of tetracaine in skin using tape samples. The separation was performed in a 485 mm (400 mm to window) × 50 µm internal diameter fused silica capillary using a background electrolyte of phosphoric acid–Tris pH2.5 at –25 kV. The extraction of tetracaine from tape samples was achieved using methanol diluted to 50% with water before injection. Procaine was the internal standard. The migration times for procaine and tetracaine were 1.25 and 1.36 min, respectively. The limit of quantification for tetracaine was 50 µg, with a signal‐to‐noise ratio greater than 10. The calibration curve was linear from 50 to 1200 µg with r2 greater than 0.99. The CV for both within‐ and between‐assay imprecision and the percentage inaccuracy for the quality control samples including lower and upper limits of quantitation were <12.1% and <11%, respectively. The absolute mean recovery of tetracaine was >97%. The accuracy and selectivity of this method allowed the rapid measurement of tetracaine in tape samples obtained from a skin tape stripping study of local anaesthetics in healthy subjects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive method for the determination of ropinirole with a lower limit of quantitation of 3.45 pg/mL in human plasma by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Bharathi D. Vijaya , Jagadeesh B. , Kumar S. Sirish , Lakshmi Revathi Naga , Hotha Kishore Kumar , Naidu A. , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA highly sensitive, rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of ropinirole (RPR) in human plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. A solid‐phase process was used to extract RPR and citalopram (internal standard, IS) from human plasma. Chromatographic separation was operated with 0.2% ammonia solution:acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.50 mL/min on a Hypurity C18 column with a total run time of 3.2 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 261.2 → 114.2 for RPR and 325.1 → 209.0 for IS. Method validation and clinical sample analysis were performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 3.45 pg/mL and the linearity was observed from 3.45 to 1200 pg/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were in the range of 4.71–7.98 and 6.56–8.31%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study of RPR in humans. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultratrace analysis of uracil and 5‐fluorouracil by molecularly imprinted polymer brushes grafted to silylated solid‐phase microextraction fiber in combination with complementary molecularly imprinted polymer‐based sensor
Authors: Prasad Bhim Bali , Tiwari Khushaboo , Singh Meenakshi , Sharma Piyush Sindhu , Patel Amit Kumar , Srivastava Shrinkhala 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMain inborn errors of metabolism diagnosable through uracil (Ura) analysis and the therapeutic monitoring of toxic 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) in dihydro pyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficient patients require a sensitive, reproducible, selective and accurate method. In this work, an artificial receptor in the format of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) brush ‘grafted to’ the surface of sol–gel immobilized on cost‐effective homemade solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, individually imprinted with either of Ura and 5FU, was used in combination with a voltammetric sensor duly modified with the same MIP. This combination provided up to 10‐ and 8.4‐fold preconcentrations of Ura and 5FU, respectively, which was more than sufficient for achieving stringent detection limits in the primitive diagnosis of uracil disorders and fluoropyrimidine toxicity in DPD‐deficient patients. The proposed method permits the assessment of Ura and 5FU plasma concentrations with detection limits pf 0.0245 and 0.0484 ng mL−1 (RSD = 1.0–2.5%, S/N = 3), respectively, without any problems of non‐specific false‐positives and cross‐reactivities in complicated matrices of biological samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid analysis of N‐linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins (ovalbumin, ribonuclease B and fetuin) by reversed‐phase ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Kurihara Takamasa , Min Jun Zhe , Hirata Asuka , Toyo'oka Toshimasa , Inagaki Shinsuke 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRapid, selective and sensitive determination of N‐linked oligosaccharides in glycoproteins (ovalbumin, ribonuclease B and fetuin) was performed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with fluorescence (FL) and electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐TOF‐MS). The asparaginyl‐oligosaccharide moiety was first liberated from each glycoprotein by pronase E (a proteolitic enzyme). The oligosaccharide fractions separated by gel‐permeation chromatography were labeled with 1‐pyrenesulfonyl chloride (PSC, a fluorescence reagent), separated by UPLC in a short run time, and then detected by FL and TOF‐MS. The PSC‐labeled oligosaccharides were selectively identified from the FL detection and then sensitively determined by ESI‐TOF‐MS. As the results, 15, eight and four kinds of N‐linked oligosaccharides were detected from ovalbumin, ribonuclease B and fetuin, respectively. Because the present method is rapid (within 9 min), selective and sensitive (approximate 60 fmol, S/N = 5), the determination of N‐linked oligosaccharides in various glycoproteins seems to be possible. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transport behavior of ellagic acid of pomegranate leaf tannins and its correlation with total cholesterol alteration in HepG2 cells
Authors: Lan Jiaqi , Lei Fan , Hua Lei , Wang Yugang , Xing Dongming , Du Lijun 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether ellagic acid in pomegranate leaf tannins could be transported into HepG2 cells and its transport behavior. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a 996 photodiode array detector at 254 nm was applied. The mobile phase was an acetonitrile–water solution (containing 0.1% triethylamine, pH 3.0; 16:64, v/v, for determining ellagic acid in cells). The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. Cells were incubated with pomegranate leaf tannins with 100 and 50 µg/mL (containing 1.71 and 0.85 µg/mL of ellagic acid, respectively) for a specific time, then lysed and sonicated in methanol to extract intracellular ellagic acid. A 10 µL aliquot of sample was injected into the HPLC system to determine ellagic acid concentration. The results showed that ellagic acid in pomegranate leaf tannins could be transported into the cells, which was in correlation with total cholesterol alteration in the cells. This is the first time that the transport behavior of ellagic acid through HepG2 cells in vitro has been comprehensively demonstrated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of column‐switching HPLC method in evaluating pharmacokinetic parameters of zaltoprofen and its salt
Authors: Yang Hyun Kyoung , Kim Seo Young , Kim Joon Seop , Sah Hongkee , Lee Hwa Jeong 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of zaltoprofen and those of its sodium salt in rats. Zaltoprofen, a potent non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agent, was virtually insoluble in water, but its sodium salt had excellent water solubility. To investigate the effect of aqueous solubility differences upon their pharmacokinetic parameters, minicapsules containing the drug powders were administrated orally to rats, and blood samples were taken via the common carotid artery. A column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatographic analytical procedure was developed and validated for the quantitation of zaltoprofen in rat plasma samples. Our study demonstrated that the time required to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of zaltoprofen sodium was significantly reduced and its maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was increased 1.5‐fold, relative to the values for zaltoprofen. It is anticipated that the sodium salt of zaltoprofen will allow the rapid onset of the drug's action in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dodging matrix effects in liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric assays—compilation of key learnings and perspectives
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTriple quad liquid chromatography mass spectrometric assays (LC/MS/MS) have revolutionized the analysis of drug(s)/metabolite(s) with exceptional speed, sensitivity and selectivity features. From inception to date, several new and innovative features have been regularly proposed by researchers to further enhance the value in the applicability of this analytical tool. However, owing to such compressed run times and scanty sample preparation procedures, LC/MS/MS assays that are not fully optimized generally have issues of matrix effects, where ionization potential is either suppressed or enhanced due to the presence of other materials (endogenous/exogenous) in the matrix. By definition, even co‐medications, isomeric or isobaric impurities, and drug excipients used in dosing solutions could also potentially contribute to matrix effects. This article captures some of the interesting work carried out by researchers to understand and handle matrix effects. Additionally, it provides perspectives to effectively deal with matrix effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance of attitudinally appropriate description of cardiac anatomy
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Loukas Marios 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe essence of anatomic description is to account for structures as they lie within the body as viewed in the so‐called anatomic position. This important basic principle of gross anatomy has been ignored for years by those describing the relationships of structures within the heart, these cardiac components usually being described in the setting of the heart removed from the body, and positioned on its apex. With the increasing use in clinical practice of tomographic techniques for diagnosis, in which the heart is viewed as it lies within the body, this conventional approach to description of cardiac structures becomes increasingly confusing. Thus, when the heart is viewed in attitudinally appropriate fashion, with the apex pointing to the left, and with the so‐called right heart chambers positioned anteriorly relative to the so‐called left counterparts, the current adjectives used for description are found to be wanting. For example, with the heart in the position it occupies during life, the so‐called posterior descending coronary artery is seen to be positioned inferiorly relative to the ventricular mass. It is more correct to describe this artery as being inferior and interventricular. Such a change has major clinical significance, since blockage of the artery produces inferior myocardial infarction, the leads used for electrocardiographic recording being placed so as to respect the anatomic position. Another example of the deficiencies of the “Valentine” approach to cardiac description is seen when the mitral valve is viewed in attitudinally appropriate fashion. The papillary muscles supporting the tendinous cords are seen to be located inferiorly and adjacent to the ventricular septum, and superiorly and located on the posterior left ventricular wall when viewed in this fashion. Currently, however, the inferoseptal muscle is described as being posteromedial. Those performing electrophysiological studies of the heart have already appreciated the problems created by assessing the heart in “Valentine” fashion, since when described in this way, a catheter passing upwards through the inferior caval vein is said to progress in an anterior fashion. A committee has recommended use of attitudinally appropriate terminology to avoid these problems. We suggest that those teaching cardiac anatomy in medical schools should also insist on the use of attitudinally appropriate nomenclature when describing the heart, as is currently the case for all other structures in the body. Clin. Anat. 22:47–51, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical anatomy of the coronary collateral circulation
Authors: Loukas Marios , Bilinsky Samuel , Bilinsky Esther , Petru Matusz , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough the structure and function of the coronary vasculature has been exhaustively studied, it still holds significant elements of mystery for the researcher and clinician. This is particularly true regarding the structure and function of the human collateral coronary circulation. Controversy still exists concerning the pathways of collateral vessels as well as their function. Controversies also exist relative to the methods used to delineate the pathways, these being additionally compounded by the lack of standardization of the studies and measurements. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of this functionally significant vascular network. Clin. Anat. 22:146–160, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac veins: A review of the literature
Authors: Loukas Marios , Bilinsky Samuel , Bilinsky Esther , El‐Sedfy Abraham , Anderson Robert H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCardiac veins have long stood in the shadow of their more extensively studied counterparts, the coronary arteries. The clinical importance of the coronary venous system, nonetheless, should not be underestimated. Intricate and beneficial therapeutic options are increasingly being developed that depend on knowledge of the structure of this venous network. Such interventions have been shown greatly to promote cardiac health, and to enhance the efficacy of cardiac pacing. A comprehensive appreciation of the architecture of the coronary venous system, therefore, is crucial to optimal cardiac care. It is possible to provide an overview of the arrangement of the cardiac veins, with the larger veins draining to the coronary sinus, and thence to the right atrium, but with smaller and minimal veins draining directly to the cavities of the atrial chambers. The venous pathways, nonetheless, are highly variable, making exceptions the commonly accepted rule. As such, unique solutions for imaging, and simple attentiveness to possible venous variations, can greatly enhance clinical outcomes. For example, identifying the diameter, course, and valves of the cardiac veins allows for anticipation of impediments during interventional procedures, and allows for informed clinical decision‐making. Also of significance is awareness of alternate arrangements that may be encountered in terms of venous drainage, and the importance of intramural venous collecting spaces in these patterns. The objective of our review, therefore, is to explore and describe the anatomical distribution of the coronary veins Clin. Anat. 22:129–145, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.