bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical performance and utility of a noninvasive urine-based methylation biomarker: TWIST1/Vimentin to detect urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Zhang Chanchan , Xu Xiaohong , Wang Tao , Lu Yan , Lu Zhiheng , Wang Tuantuan , Pan Zhiwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional clinical modalities for diagnosing bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remain limited due to their invasive nature, significant costs, discomfort associated with cystoscopy, and low sensitivity to urine cytology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify highly sensitive, specific, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of this neoplasm. Hypermethylated TWIST1/Vimentin promoter may be a noninvasive biomarker using urine sample. We assessed the TWIST1/Vimentin promoter methylation status in urine samples using the Methylated Human TWIST1 and Vimentin Gene Detection Kit (Jiangsu MicroDiag Biomedicine Co., Ltd., China). The samples were collected from five groups: group 1 consisted of patients with BUC, group 2 contained other patients with urologic tumors, group 3 consisted of patients with benign diseases (e.g., urinary tract infections, lithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia), Group 4 included UTUC (upper tract urothelial carcinoma) patients and group5 comprised healthy individuals. The study encompassed 77 BUC patients, and we evaluated the degree of methylation of the TWIST1/Vimentin gene in their urine samples. Notably, TWIST1/Vimentin positivity was significantly elevated in comparison to groups 2, 3 and 5 (all p < 0.001) at a rate of 77.9%, but no significant difference was observed when compared to group 4. In the relationship between TWIST1/Vimentin methylation and clinicopathological features of BC patients from our center, we found there was no significant association between TWIST1/Vimentin status and proteinuria and/or hematuria, and hypermethylation of TWIST1 / VIM genes was found in both high and low tumor grade and in both non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Tis, Ta, or T1) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage T2 or above). In the multivariable analysis for cancer detection, a positive TWIST1/Vimentin methylation were significantly linked to a heightened risk of BC. Moreover, TWIST1/Vimentin promoter methylation demonstrated an ability to detect BUC in urine samples with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 83%. Our findings reveal that hypermethylation of the TWIST1/Vimentin promoter occurs in bladder urothelial carcinoma, and its high sensitivity and specificity suggest its potential as a screening and therapeutic biomarker for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
Research on the coordinated development between land urbanization and population urbanization in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Hangli Zhao , Xinnan Ai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe coordinated development of land urbanization and population urbanization is crucial for the advancement of new urbanization. The study applied the entropy weight method and coupling coordination degree model, taking Shaanxi—a province in China characterized by a moderate pace of economic development and volume, along with distinct geographic and demographic features within its region—as the subject. It assessed the coordination conditions of these two types of urbanization from both macro and micro scales during the years 2010–2022. Utilizing the Analytic Network Process (ANP), the study ranked and analyzed the causes of issues stemming from uneven development, thus connecting a crucial link from theoretical analysis to decision-making implementation. The results showed that: (1) The province's land urbanization index was between 0.075 and 0.203, whereas the population urbanization index ranged from 0.221 to 0.408, with the development of the former significantly lagging behind the latter. (2) The coupling degree between land and population urbanization ranged from 0.835 to 0.854, with a coordination degree between 0.148 and 0.306. This indicated that a close connection had been formed between the two, yet a benign coupling relationship had not been established, displaying a spatial distribution characterized by "high in the middle, low in the north and south". (3) The limitation on further urban expansion was identified as the primary issue to be addressed (with a weight of 0.324), followed by insufficient infrastructure (with a weight of 0.261). The extent of ecological environmental damage was comparatively lower (with a weight of 0.225), and the degree of social injustice was the lowest (with a weight of 0.191). Therefore, to alleviate the problems associated with the imbalanced development between land urbanization and population urbanization, measures such as optimizing land spatial layout, enhancing urban ecological service functions, and strengthening the central cities' radiating effect should be implemented.
Optimizing ultrashort pulse in fiber laser based on artificial intelligence algorithm
Authors: Han Xiaoxiang , Huang Zhiting , Yue Jun , Li Jun , Yan Xiang’an , Xia Yanwen , Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Haiyang , Xia Caijuan , Zhang Yusheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltrashort pulses, characterized by their short pulse duration, diverse spectral content, and high peak power, are widely used in fields including laser processing, optical storage, biomedical sciences, and laser imaging. The complex, highly-nonlinear process of ultrashort pulse evolution within fiber lasers is influenced by numerous aspects such as dispersion, loss, gain, and nonlinear effects. Traditionally, the split-step Fourier transforms method is employed for simulating ultrashort pulses in fiber lasers, which involves traversing multiple parameters within the fiber to attain the pulse’s optimal state. The simulation is a significantly time-consuming process. Here, we use a neural network model to fit and predict the impact of multiple parameters on the pulse characteristics within fiber lasers, enabling parameter optimization through genetic algorithms to determine the optimal pulse duration, pulse energy, and peak power. Integrating artificial intelligence algorithms simplifies the acquisition of optimal pulse parameters and enhances our understanding of multiple parameters’ impact on the pulse characteristics. The investigation of ultrashort pulse optimization based on artificial intelligence holds immense potential for laser design.
Acceleration of daily land temperature extremes and correlations with surface energy fluxes
Authors: Huntingford Chris , Cox Peter M. , Ritchie Paul D. L. , Clarke Joseph J. , Parry Isobel M. , Williamson Mark S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAssessment of climate reanalysis data for land (ECMWF Re-Analysis v5; ERA5-Land) covering the last seven decades reveals regions where extreme daily mean temperatures are rising faster than the average rate of temperature rise of the 6 months of highest background warmth. However, such extreme temperature acceleration is very heterogeneous, occurring only in some places including regions of Europe, the western part of North America, parts of southeast Asia and much of South America. An ensemble average of Earth System Models (ESMs) over the same period also shows acceleration across land areas, but this enhancement is much more spatially uniform in the models than it is for ERA5-Land. Examination of projections from now to the end of the 21st Century, with ESMs driven by the highest emissions Shared Socio-economic Pathway scenario (SSP585) of future changes to atmospheric greenhouse gases, also reveals larger warming during extreme days for most land areas. The increase in high-temperature extremes is driven by different processes depending on location. In northern mid-latitudes, a key driver is often a decrease in the evaporative fraction of the available energy, consistent with soil drying. By contrast, the acceleration of high-temperature extremes in tropical Africa is primarily due to increased available energy. These two drivers combine via the surface energy balance to equal the sensible heat flux, which we find is often strongly correlated with the areas where the acceleration of high-temperature extremes is largest.
Resilience to periodic disturbances and the long-term genetic stability in Acropora coral
Authors: Thomas L. , Şahin D. , Adam A. S. , Grimaldi C. M. , Ryan N. M. , Duffy S. L. , Underwood J. N. , Kennington W. J. , Gilmour J. P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate change is restructuring natural ecosystems. The direct impacts of these events on biodiversity and community structure are widely documented, but the impacts on the genetic variation of populations remains largely unknown. We monitored populations of Acropora coral on a remote coral reef system in northwest Australia for two decades and through multiple cycles of impact and recovery. We combined these demographic data with a temporal genetic dataset of a common broadcast spawning corymbose Acropora to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of connectivity underlying recovery. Our data show that broad-scale dispersal and post-recruitment survival drive recovery from recurrent disturbances, including mass bleaching and mortality. Consequently, genetic diversity and associated patterns of connectivity are maintained through time in the broader metapopulation. The results highlight an inherent resilience in these globally threatened species of coral and showcase their ability to cope with multiple disturbances, given enough time to recover is permitted.
Soluble individual metal atoms and ultrasmall clusters catalyze key synthetic steps of a natural product synthesis
Authors: Rodríguez-Nuévalos Silvia , Espinosa Miguel , Leyva-Pérez Antonio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal individual atoms and few-atom clusters show extraordinary catalytic properties for a variety of organic reactions, however, their implementation in total synthesis of complex organic molecules is still to be determined. Here we show a 11-step linear synthesis of the natural product (±)-Licarin B, where individual Pd atoms (Pd1) catalyze the direct aerobic oxidation of an alcohol to the carboxylic acid (steps 1 and 6), Cu2-7 clusters catalyze carbon-oxygen cross couplings (steps 3 and 8), Pd3-4 clusters catalyze a Sonogashira coupling (step 4) and Pt3-5 clusters catalyze a Markovnikov hydrosylilation of alkynes (step 5), as key reactions during the synthetic route. In addition, the new synthesis of Licarin B showcases an unexpected selective alkene hydrogenation with metal-free NaBH4 and an acid-catalyzed intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis as the last step, to forge a trans-alkene group. These results, together, open new avenues in the use of metal individual atoms and clusters in organic synthesis, and confirm their exceptional catalytic activity in late stages during complex synthetic programmes.
Comprehensive laboratory constraints on thermal desorption of interstellar ice analogues
Authors: Kruczkiewicz F. , Dulieu F. , Ivlev A. V. , Caselli P. , Giuliano B. M. , Ceccarelli C. , Theulé P. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Gas accretion and sublimation in various astrophysical conditions are crucial aspects of our understanding of the chemical evolution of the interstellar medium. To explain grain growth and destruction in warm media, ice mantle formation and sublimation in cold media, and gas line emission spectroscopy, astrochemical models must mimic the gas--solid abundance ratio. Ice-sublimation mechanisms determine the position of snow lines and the nature of gas emitted by and locked inside planetary bodies in star-forming regions. To interpret observations from the interplanetary and extragalactic interstellar mediums, gas phase abundances must be modelled correctly.
Aims. We provide a collection of thermal desorption data for interstellar ice analogues, aiming to put constraints on the trapping efficiency of water ice, as well as data that can be used to evaluate astrochemical models. We conduct experiments on compact, amorphous H2O films, involving pure ices as well as binary and ternary mixtures. By manipulating parameters in a controlled way, we generate a set of benchmarks to evaluate both the kinetics and thermodynamics in astrochemical models.
Methods. We conducted temperature-programmed desorption experiments with increasing order of complexity of ice analogues of various chemical compositions and surface coverages using molecular beams in ultrahigh vacuum conditions (1 × 10−10 hPa) and low temperatures (10 K). We provide TPD curves of pure ices made of Ar, CO, CO2, NH3, CH3OH, H2O, and NH4+HCOO−, their binary ice mixtures with compact amorphous H2O, ternary mixtures of H2O:CH3OH:CO, and a water ice made in situ to investigate its trapping mechanisms.
Results. Each experiment includes the experimental parameters, ice desorption kinetics for pure species, and the desorption yield (gas--solid ratio) for ice mixtures. From the desorption yields, we find common trends in the trapping of molecules when their abundance is compared to water: compact amorphous water ices are capable of trapping up to 20% of volatiles (Ar, CO, and CO2), ~3% of CH3OH, and ~5% NH3 in relation to the water content within the ice matrix; ammonium formate is not trapped in the water ice films, and compact amorphous water ice formed in situ has similar trapping capabilities to a compact amorphous water ice deposited using molecular beams.
Conclusions. Deposited or formed in a very compact structure, amorphous water ice of less than 100 layers cannot trap a large fraction of other gases, including CO and CO2. These desorption yields offer insights into the availability of species that can react and form interstellar complex organic molecules during the warm-up phase of ice mantles. Furthermore, in order to be reliable, gas-grain astrochemical models should be able to reproduce the desorption kinetics and desorption yield presented in our benchmark laboratory experiments.
Subtyping of Cushing’s Syndrome: A Step Ahead
Authors: Tizianel Irene , Barbot Mattia , Ceccato Filippo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCushing’s Syndrome (CS) is a rare disease due to chronic endogenous cortisol
secretion. In recent years, new developments have broadened the spectrum of
differential diagnosis, traditionally categorized as adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)-dependent and ACTH-independent forms. Moreover, increased awareness of
the detrimental effects of cortisol on cardiometabolic health and the risk of
cardiovascular events lead to increased diagnosis of mild forms, especially in
the context of adrenal incidentalomas.This review provides an up-to-date narrative of the most recent literature
regarding the challenges of CS diagnosis. After the description of the
diagnostic tools available, the functional non-neoplastic hypercortisolism
(formerly known as pseudo-Cushing state) is characterized, followed by the
subtyping of the different conditions of hypercortisolism, including the
differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent forms and the management of adrenal
hypercortisolism, with peculiar attention to the new genetic classification of
adrenal CS, mild autonomous cortisol secretion, and bilateral adrenal
adenomas.
Discovery of Novel N-Acylhydrazone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Sirtuin-1
Authors: Lipson Victoria V. , Yaremenko Fedyr G. , Vakula Volodymyr M. , Kovalenko Svitlana V. , Kyrychenko Alexander V. , Desenko Sergiy M. , Borysko Petro О. , Zozulya Sergiy O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSIRT1 enzyme is a key family member of Silent Information Regulators (Sirtuins), which catalyze the deacetylation of proteins. Therefore, developing new SIRT1 inhibitors has potential application in treating cancer disease and age-related metabolic disorders. In this study, we synthesized a series of N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivatives and performed high-throughput screening of their inhibitory activity against the recombinant SIRT1 protein by a luminescent assay. Using in silico screening, we identified a new NAH derivative that features both selectivity and a high binding affinity towards the active pocket of SIRT1 that are comparable to known inhibitors such as Ex527 and Sirtinol. Such high binding affinity makes the new derivatives promising alternatives to the available inhibitors and holds promise for developing better-targeted drugs against SIRT1 activity.
Transumbilical Arterial Access for Embolization of a Hepatic Vascular Tumor in a Critically Ill Premature Neonate
Authors: Khoury Joe , Yeisley Christopher D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCatheter-based interventions are relatively rare in the neonate population but serve as an invaluable tool in managing many pathologies. Here we present a case report of a neonate with a vascular hepatic tumor managed by embolization via transumbilical access. In neonates, the small size of the common femoral artery makes cannulation difficult and is thought to increase the risk of catheter-associated thrombosis and ischemia. Often, these patients reside in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and already have an umbilical artery catheter (UAC) in place, which can be used as an effective alternative route of vascular access to carry out life-saving interventions.
Chinese online nationalism as imaginary engagement: an automated sentiment analysis of Tencent news comments on the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqi , Wang Cheng-Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow does Tencent—a leading Chinese Internet enterprise—frame news to regulate popular nationalism? To address this problem, we applied the automated sentiment analysis program to more than 500,000 news comments on the Tencent news website during the 2012 Diaoyu (Senkaku) Islands incident. The results show that audiences’ online nationalism is significantly influenced by Tencent news, user engagement, and emotions. First, contrary to using stimulative nationalist narratives in the early stages of the incident, the platform shifts to restrictive nationalist narratives to prevent online nationalism from endangering social governance; second, restrictive news can decrease popular nationalism compared with stimulative news; third, users’ love, anger, and disgust emotion can increase their support for China, while the happiness emotion has the opposite effect. Online nationalism, as imaginary engagement, arises from the collusion among platforms, the government, and audiences, contributing to maintaining the government’s legitimacy. The computational approach promises to shed light on nationalism research.
Exploring ethical dilemmas encountered by public service interpreters and their effect on job
satisfaction
Authors: Leminen Anni-Kaisa , Hokkanen Sari 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the stressors that affect interpreters working in public service interpreting (PSI)
in Finland and the ethical dilemmas these stressors indicate. Our data derives from a survey carried out among public service
interpreters in Finland in 2018. We identified three categories of stressors: content-related stressors, interactional stressors,
and stressors related to the organisation of the work. Through these, we identified six ethical dilemmas. Our analysis indicates
that, to solve ethical dilemmas in a sound manner, interpreters have to exercise agency in addition to being familiar with
professional codes of conduct. Furthermore, many ethical dilemmas interpreters face are emotionally challenging and therefore also
require affective labour. Unfortunately, interpreters often seem to be left to their own devices in dealing with emotionally
challenging situations. This study calls for increased professional support for interpreters and further research on the link
between ethical dilemmas and job satisfaction.
Generalized K-essence inflation in Jordan and Einstein frames
Authors: Luongo Orlando , Mengoni Tommaso 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe here explore a generalized K-essence model which exhibits characteristics akin to ordinary matter. The inflationary framework proposed aims to unify old with chaotic inflation into a single scheme and it considers minimally and non-minimally coupled scenarios, adopting three classes of potentials, in both Jordan and Einstein frames. We show that, to obtain a suitable amount of particles obtained from vacuum energy conversion during inflation, mitigating the classical cosmological constant problem, large-field inflation and, particularly, the Starobinsky-like class of solutions appears the most suitable one.
High-rate etching of silicon oxide and nitride using narrow-gap high-pressure (3.3 kPa) hydrogen plasma
Authors: Nomura Toshimitsu , Kakiuchi Hiroaki , Ohmi Hiromasa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigated the etching behavior of silicon oxide (SiO
x
) and silicon nitride (SiN
x
) in narrow-gap, high-pressure (3.3 kPa) hydrogen (H2) plasma under various etching conditions. Maximum etching rates of 940 and 240 nm min−1 for SiO
x
and SiN
x
, respectively, were obtained by optimizing the H2 gas flow rate. The dependence of the etching rate on gas flow rate implied that effective elimination of etching products is important for achieving high etching rates because it prevents redeposition. The sample surfaces, especially the oxide surfaces, were roughened and contained numerous asperities after etching. Etching rates of both SiO
x
and SiN
x
decreased as the temperature was raised. This suggests that atomic H adsorption, rather than H-ion bombardment, is an important step in the etching process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the etched nitride surface was enriched in silicon (Si), suggesting that the rate-limiting process in high-pressure H2 plasma etching is Si etching rather than nitrogen abstraction. The etching rate of SiO
x
was three times higher than that of SiN
x
despite the higher stability of Si–O bonds than Si–N ones. One reason for the etching difference may be the difference between the bond densities of SiO
x
and SiN
x
. This study presents a relatively non-toxic, low-cost, and eco-friendly dry etching process for Si-based dielectrics using only H2 gas in comparison with the conventional F-based plasma etching methods.
Ordering kinetics and steady states of XY-model with ferromagnetic and nematic interaction
Authors: Mondal Partha Sarathi , Mishra Pawan Kumar , Mishra Shradha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Previous studies on the generalized XY model have concentrated on the equilibrium phase diagram and the equilibrium nature of distinct phases under varying parameter conditions. We direct our attention towards examining the system’s evolution towards equilibrium states across different parameter values, specifically by varying the relative strengths of ferromagnetic and nematic interactions. We study the kinetics of the system, using the temporal annihilation of defects at varying temperatures and its impact on the coarsening behavior of the system. For both pure polar and pure nematic systems, we observe temperature-dependent decay of the exponent, leading to a decelerated growth of domains within the system. At parameter values where both ferromagnetic and nematic interactions are simultaneously present, we show a phase diagram highlighting three low-temperature phases—polar, nematic, and coexistence—along- side a high-temperature disordered phase. Our study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of interactions, offering a comprehensive understanding of the system’s behavior during its evolution towards equilibrium.