bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro water wettability of silicone hydrogel contact lenses determined using the sessile drop and captive bubble techniques
Authors: Maldonado‐Codina Carole , Morgan Philip B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the water contact angles of five commercially available silicone hydrogel contact lenses (Acuvue Advance, Acuvue Oasys, Focus Night & Day, O2 Optix, and PureVision) using sessile drop and captive bubble techniques. The only lens type that showed a significant difference in water contact angle when measured by sessile drop direct from the blister compared with after 48 h of soaking/washing in saline was the Acuvue Advance lens (from 66° to 96°, respectively) (p = 0.0002), presumably because of surface active agents within the blister solution. The water contact angle data split the lenses into two distinct groups (p ≤ 0.002). The Acuvue Advance, Acuvue Oasys, and PureVision lenses demonstrated relatively high sessile drop measures and relatively low captive bubble values (thereby displaying significant hysteresis) whereas the Focus Night & Day and O2 Optix lenses showed relatively low sessile drop measures and relatively high captive bubble values (with little hysteresis). Contact angle analysis of hydrogel lens surfaces is highly methodologically dependent and may be able to predict the clinical performance of contact lenses in vivo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
The PVT‐1 oncogene is a Myc protein target that is overexpressed in transformed cells
Authors: Carramusa Letizia , Contino Flavia , Ferro Arianna , Minafra Luigi , Perconti Giovanni , Giallongo Agata , Feo Salvatore 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe human PVT‐1 gene is located on chromosome 8 telomeric to the c‐Myc gene and it is frequently involved in the translocations occurring in variant Burkitt's lymphomas and murine plasmacytomas. It has been proposed that PVT‐1 regulates c‐Myc gene transcription over a long distance. To get new insights into the functional relationships between the two genes, we have investigated PVT‐1 and c‐Myc expression in normal human tissues and in transformed cells. Our findings indicate that PVT‐1 expression is restricted to a relative low number of normal tissues compared to the wide distribution of c‐Myc mRNA, whereas the gene is highly expressed in many transformed cell types including neuroblastoma cells that do not express c‐Myc. Reporter gene assays were used to dissect the PVT‐1 promoter and to identify the region responsible for the elevated expression observed in transformed cells. This region contains two putative binding sites for Myc proteins. The results of transfection experiments in RAT1‐MycER cells and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays in proliferating and differentiated neuroblastoma cells indicate that PVT‐1 is a downstream target of Myc proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 511–518, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social networks and the cognitive motivation to realize network opportunities: a study of managers' information gathering behaviors
Authors: Anderson Marc H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInformation gathering is central to a variety of organizational behavior theories, but researchers have suggested that our understanding of the actual information gathering behaviors of managers is underdeveloped. Social network characteristics are theorized to be a key determinant of information gathering behaviors, but social network research has been criticized for: (1) not measuring the intervening mechanisms by which network characteristics are theorized to have their effects and (2) not considering how actors' motivation affects what network benefits are realized. This article addresses these concerns through an empirical study of the actual information gathering behaviors of managers. It posits that individual differences in a personality variable called need for cognition capture differences in actors' cognitive motivation to realize the potential information benefits that exist in their social networks. Results show that network characteristics do affect information benefits, but these effects are stronger for managers motivated to take advantage of them. These findings both support social capital theory and suggest the important role that personality can play in augmenting social network analyses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social face for innovation in strategic alliances in China: the mediating roles of resource exchange and reflexivity
Authors: Wong Alfred , Tjosvold Dean , Su Fang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study proposes that partners who communicate mutual respect to each other develop integrative interaction that is a foundation for innovation. Structural equation analysis suggests that reflecting upon and improving interaction between supplier and customer organizations can contribute to resource exchange between partners that results in innovation in supply chain partnerships. Results also indicate that the confirmation of social face is an important antecedent to these useful integrative interaction patterns. These findings were interpreted as reaffirming the value of relationships for making partnerships effective and that the constructive application of the value of social face can promote open discussion and innovation in China. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomy and biomechanics of the posterolateral aspect of the canine knee
Authors: Griffith Chad J. , LaPrade Robert F. , Coobs Benjamin R. , Olson Erik J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy and characterize the biomechanics of the posterolateral aspect of the canine knee. Ten adult canine knees were each used for anatomy and biomechanical testing. Distances and motion limits were measured using a 6 degree‐of‐freedom electromagnetic tracking system. Canine knee dissection reproducibly identified structures present in the human posterolateral knee. The course and attachment sites of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and popliteus tendon were similar to human anatomy. Sequential sectioning of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and popliteus tendon all significantly increased varus translation at full extension, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. Sectioning of the fibular collateral ligament significantly increased external rotation at flexion angles near full extension, while popliteus tendon sectioning also significantly increased external rotation at 90° of knee flexion. Based on the fact that the anatomy of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament, and the biomechanical properties of the canine posterolateral knee are similar to the human knee, we believe the canine knee is a suitable model to study the natural history of posterolateral knee injuries. The canine model will also prove valuable in the validation of reconstruction techniques and studying the potential development of medial compartment osteoarthritis following posterolateral knee injuries. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1231–1242, 2007
Spatial planning, mobilities and culture—Chinese and New Zealand student preferences for Californian travel
Authors: Ryan Chris , Huimin Gu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractItineraries are under‐researched within tourism, which is arguably strange given their potential importance as determinants of visitor expenditure distribution, and how itinerary planning may become a tool of destination management in determining which areas are most affected by visitor flows, whether positively or negatively. This exploratory study required students in New Zealand and the Peoples' Republic of China to draw maps of potential trips to the south‐west of the USA in order to assess to what degree differences might exist as to (i) preferred places to visit; (ii) durations of stay; (iii) speeds of dispersion and concentration at the points of embarkation and disembarkation (in this instance Los Angeles); and (iv) total distances travelled. Differences were indeed found, and ethnicity appeared to be the main explanatory variable for the differences. Chinese students were found to travel slightly less, not to become so dispersed overall, but were also found to have higher rates of dispersion and slower rates of concentration at the commencement and at the end of the trip. The itineraries also suggest a further triangular pattern of travel that can be added to the categories identified by Oppermann. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessibility and attitudinal barriers encountered by Chinese travellers with physical disabilities
Authors: Bi Yuhua , Card Jaclyn A. , Cole Shu T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe China travel industry is growing rapidly and is expected to grow even more in the next 15 years. Another segment of the population that is increasing is individuals with physical disabilities. China has enacted several laws to enhance the quality of life for individuals with disabilities and to make travel more accessible. Although individuals with physical disabilities travel less than those without disabilities, the potential market is expanding. If travellers with physical disabilities encounter few barriers during their travels, they may travel even more in the future. This study examined four tourism industry sectors in China in terms of the accessibility and attitudinal barriers that participants with physical disabilities encountered. The four sectors were transportation, accommodations, eating–drinking establishments and attractions. Furthermore, comparisons were conducted on the participants' functioning level, income and types of mobility assistive devices they used. Results suggested that participants' functioning level was an appropriate indicator of the amount of barriers they encountered while travelling. Conversely, the amount of barriers encountered by the participants was not predicated by their income or the type of devices they used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The multidimensional measurement of the positive symptoms of psychosis
Authors: Steel Craig , Garety Philippa A. , Freeman Daniel , Craig Ellen , Kuipers Elizabeth , Bebbington Paul , Fowler David , Dunn Graham 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe measures most frequently used to assess psychotic symptoms fail to reflect important dimensions. The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) aims to capture the multidimensional nature of auditory hallucinations and delusions. Individuals (N = 276) who had recently relapsed with positive symptoms completed the auditory hallucinations and delusions PSYRATS scales. These scores were compared with the relevant items from the SAPS and PANSS, and with measures of current mood. Total scores and distribution of items of the PSYRATS scales are presented and correlated with other measures. Positive symptom items from the SAPS and PANSS reflected the more objective aspects of PSYRATS ratings of auditory hallucinations and delusions (frequency and conviction) but were relatively poor at measuring distress. A major strength of the PSYRATS scales is the specific measurement of the distress dimension of symptoms, which is a key target of psychological intervention. It is advised that the PSYRATS should not be used as a total score alone, whilst further research is needed to clarify the best use of potential subscales. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing cannabis dependence in community surveys: methodological issues
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Cheng Hui , Anthony James C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDrug‐related social role impairments and social maladaptation are referenced explicitly in the case definitions for drug dependence within DSM‐IV‐TR. Nonetheless, cases of drug dependence without this type of secondary consequence have been observed in recent epidemiological studies. When an ‘impairment/maladaptation gating’ approach has been taken during recent large‐scale psychiatric surveys (for example, to reduce participant fatigue or burden), the net effect may include (a) a reduced number of identified drug dependence cases and (b) biases in the estimates of association linked to the occurrence of drug dependence. In this report, we probe these issues with respect to cannabis dependence, making use of data from the cross‐sectional United States National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a household survey of 43,093 adults aged 18 years and over. In this process, we shed light on actual impact of the gating approach mentioned above. Specifically, when we simulated a social impairment/maladaptation ‘gated’ assessment of cannabis dependence, the end result was a very modest reduction in the estimated prevalence of cannabis dependence. It suggested that for every 10 000 general population survey respondents there would be no more than 12 cases of cannabis dependence without the above‐referenced impairments/maladaptations. Patterns of association linking suspected background characteristics to the prevalence of cannabis dependence were not appreciably different when the ‘gated’ and ‘ungated’ approaches were applied. In summary, there are reasons to take the ungated approach in detailed research on cannabis use and dependence. Nevertheless, in panoramic mental health surveys, the inefficiency of an ‘ungated’ approach must be balanced against the anticipated yield of cannabis dependence cases who lack social role impairments or socially maladaptive behaviours. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent‐induced self‐organization approach for polymeric architectures of micropores, hexagons and spheres based on polyurethanes prepared via novel melt transurethane methodology
Authors: Deepa P. , Jayakannan M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSolvent‐induced self‐organization approach was developed, for the first time, to produce polyurethane microporous templates and higher ordered morphologies such as micro or nanometer‐sized polymeric hexagons and spheres. A novel melt transurethane methodology was designed and developed for synthesizing new class of cycloaliphatic polyurethanes under nonisocyanate and solvent‐free conditions. In this new process, a diurethane monomer was polycondensed with equimolar amounts of diol in presence of Ti(OBu)4 as catalyst with the removal of low boiling alcohol from the equilibrium. The hydrogen bonding of the polyurethanes are very unique to their chemical structure and they undergo selective phase‐separation process in solution to produce hexagonally packed microporous templates. The increase of water content in the polymer solution enhances the phase‐separation process and the micro pores coalesce to isolate the encapsulated polymer matrix into polymeric hexagons or densely packed solid spheres. The concentration‐dependent solution FTIR and 1H NMR of the polyurethanes revealed that the polymers possessing higher H‐bonding association constants (K) have greater tendency to undergo solvent‐induced self‐organization phenomena. The mechanism of solvent‐evaporation process indicated that only microporous polyurethanes have tendency to form higher ordered hexagons and spheres whereas others failed to show any new morphology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2351–2366, 2007
Ovicidal and larvicidal effectiveness of insecticides applied by dipping apples on the small fruit tortrix Grapholita lobarzewskii
Authors: Charmillot Pierre‐Joseph , Pasquier Denis , Salamin Charlotte , Ter‐Hovannesyan Asya 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe larvicidal and ovicidal effectiveness of twelve insecticides on Grapholita lobarzewskii Nowicki was tested by dipping apples in different concentrations of the insecticides. Emamectin was the most effective larvicidal product, with an LC50 of 0.01 mg kg−1, closely followed by spinosad, methoxyfenozide and chlorpyrifos‐methyl, with LC50 values between 0.2 and 0.7 mg kg−1. Products like imidacloprid, indoxacarb, phosmet and thiacloprid gave LC50 values between 1 and 2 mg kg−1. Lastly, chlorpyrifos‐ethyl and phosalone had LC50 values of around 4 mg kg−1, whereas tebufenozide and diflubenzuron had almost no larvicidal effect. Most of the products tested had low ovicidal effectiveness, and only fenoxycarb and emamectin gave LC50 values worthy of note, close to 2 mg kg−1. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Theoretical investigation on charge‐assisted halogen bonding interactions in the complexes of bromocarbons with some anions
Authors: Wang Yan‐Hua , Lu Yun‐Xiang , Zou Jian‐Wei , Yu Qing‐Sen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of dimeric complexes formed between bromocarbon molecules and two anions (Br−and CN−) have been investigated by using MP2 method. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and the second‐order perturbation natural bond orbital (NBO) approaches were applied to analyze the electron density distributions of these complexes and to explore the nature of charge‐assisted halogen bonding interactions. As anticipated, these interactions are significantly stronger relative to the corresponding neutral ones. The results derived from ab initio calculations described herein reveal a major contribution from the electrostatic interaction on the stability of the systems considered. Beside the electrostatic interaction, the charge‐transfer force and the second‐order orbital interaction also play an important role in the formation of the complexes, as a NBO analysis suggested. The presence of halogen bonds in the complexes has been identified in terms of the QTAIM methodology, and several linear relationships have been established to provide more insight into charge‐assisted halogen bonding interactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
A combined first‐/second‐order sliding‐mode technique in the control of a jet‐propelled vehicle
Authors: Bartolini G. , Orani N. , Pisano A. , Punta E. , Usai E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis note concerns the design and practical implementation of a position/attitude sliding‐mode controller for a surface vessel prototype. The prototype is equipped with a special, recently patented (Italian Patent, 2005), propulsion system based on hydro‐jets with adjustable output section. The sliding‐mode control design is based on the combination between three instances of a second‐order sliding‐mode velocity observer (Automatica 1998; 34:379–384) and a simplex‐based sliding‐mode controller (Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control 1997; 7(4):321–335). We first describe the structure and the working principle of the prototype. Then, we detail the derivation of the motion observer/controller. Finally, we discuss the major implementation issues and show some experimental results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Timing and contributions of pre‐synaptic and post‐synaptic parameter changes during unitary plasticity events at CA3‐CA1 synapses
Authors: O'Connor Daniel H. , Wittenberg Gayle M. , Wang Samuel S.‐H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAt individual synapses, post‐synaptic responses include a mixture of “successes” and “failures” in which transmitter is released or not released, respectively. Previously we measured synaptic strength at CA3‐CA1 synapses averaged over all trials, including both successes and failures, using an induction protocol that allowed us to observe potentiation and depression events as step‐like changes. Here we report quantal properties of 15 of the earlier experiments, including 14 potentiation events and eight depression events. In five experiments both potentiation events and depression events were evoked at the same synapse. During potentiation, success rate increased from 0.56 ± 0.14 (mean ± SD) to 0.69 ± 0.12, and during depression, success rate decreased from 0.70 ± 0.09 to 0.51 ± 0.10. During potentiation potency increased from 10 ± 5 to 19 ± 9 pA, and during depression, potency decreased from 18 ± 12 to 12 ± 7 pA. On average, changes in potency accounted for 76% of the change in response size in potentiation events and 60% of the change in depression events. A reduced‐assumption spectral analysis method showed evidence for multiple quantal peaks in distributions of post‐synaptic current amplitudes. Consistent with the observed changes in potency, estimated quantal size (Q) increased with potentiation and decreased with depression. A change in potency, which is thought to reflect post‐synaptic expression mechanisms, was followed within seconds to minutes by a change in success rate, which is thought to reflect pre‐synaptic expression mechanisms. Synaptic plasticity events may therefore consist of changes that occur on both sides of a synapse in a temporally coordinated fashion. Synapse 61:664–678, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systemic administration of the benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist FG‐7142 disrupts corticolimbic network interactions
Authors: Stevenson Carl W. , Halliday David M. , Marsden Charles A. , Mason Rob 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) coordinate various stress responses. Although the effects of stressors on mPFC and BLA activity have been previously examined, it remains unclear to what extent stressors affect functional interactions between these regions. In vivo electrophysiology in the anesthetized rat was used to examine mPFC and BLA activity simultaneously in response to FG‐7142, a benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonist that mimics various stress responses, in an attempt to model the effects of stressors on corticolimbic functional connectivity. Extracellular unit and local field potential (LFP) recordings, using multielectrode arrays positioned in mPFC and BLA, were conducted under basal conditions and in response to systemic FG‐7142 administration. This drug increased mPFC and BLA unit firing at the lowest dose tested, whereas higher doses of FG‐7142 decreased various burst firing parameters in both regions. Moreover, LFP power was attenuated at lower (<1 Hz) and potentiated at higher frequencies in mPFC (1–12 Hz) and BLA (4–8 Hz). Interestingly, FG‐7142 diminished synchronized unit firing, both within and between mPFC and BLA. Finally, FG‐7142 decreased LFP synchronization between these regions. In a separate group of animals, pretreatment with the selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil blocked the changes in burst firing, LFP power and synchronized activity induced by FG‐7142, confirming direct benzodiazepine receptor‐mediated effects. These results indicate that FG‐7142 disrupts corticolimbic network interactions via benzodiazepine receptor partial inverse agonism. Perturbation of mPFC‐BLA functional connectivity induced by FG‐7142 may provide a useful model of corticolimbic dysfunction induced by stressors. Synapse 61:646–663, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periphery reassessed: Eugenios Voulgaris converses with Isaac Newton
Authors: PATINIOTIS MANOLIS 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the last three decades many historians of science have sought to account for the emergence of modern science and technology in sites that did not participate in the shaping of apparently original ideas. They have extensively used a model of the transfer of scientific ideas and practices from centres of scientific activity to a passively receptive periphery. This paper contributes to the discussion of an alternative historiographic approach, one that employs the notion of appropriation to direct attention towards the receptive modes and devices of a local culture. A historiography built around the notion of appropriation deals less with the question of the faithful transfer of scientific ideas than with the particular features of the discourse produced by local scholars as the best way to overcome or conform to the constraints of the receptive culture. The case examined to describe this culturally and intellectually intricate process is the profound transformation undergone by the Newtonian concept ofvis inertiaein the work of Eugenios Voulgaris (1716–1806), one of the most important Greek scholars of the eighteenth century.