bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental information provision in the mechanism of environmental and information policy of Ukraine
Authors: Danyliuk L. R. 
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes the concepts of information society, environmental information provision, information policy, environmental policy, establishes the importance of environmental information provision in implementing environmental and information safety measures, determines the place and role of environmental information provision in the mechanism of environmental and information policy of Ukraine.
The development of a high-quality information society is impossible without appropriate legal regulators and should not happen by itself, without state support. At the same time, the formation of a conscious information society is the key to the functioning of a democratic state and its institutions. Also, the developed institute of environmental information provision is the basis of not only environmental, but also informational, and therefore national security.
In the conditions of growing environmental problems and challenges, which have significantly worsened as a result of the war, it is important to understand the value for citizens of the right to environmental information, its role in guaranteeing environmental safety in the country and the potential of its provision for the further development of the state in any spheres.
Environmental information provision is a category that can be used not only in environmental, but also in informational and other legal relations. Moreover, the peculiarities of its legal regime are determined by the norms of constitutional, international, informational, administrative, civil law and are regulated in detail by environmental legislation.
However, despite the fact that the regulation of environmental and informational relations is carried out by the norms of various branches of law and is one of the basic foundations of both environmental and informational policy of Ukraine, it is necessary to distinguish their essence and substantive meaning in the context of certain measures.
The article concludes that within the framework of environmental policy, environmental information provision is an element of the legal mechanism (tool) for the implementation of this policy. Whereas within the framework of information policy, it is a type of information, access to which is guaranteed by the state, that is, rather, the object to which such a policy is directed.
Cooperation of The National Police of Ukraine with civil society on the basis of partnership under the conditions of the state of martial
Authors: Bondar V. V. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the prospects for the interaction of the National Police of Ukraine with the population on the basis of partnership under martial law and analyzes the recently implemented projects, the purpose of which is the effective implementation of the tasks assigned by the state, primarily related to the protection of the highest values of the state, which include man and his rights and freedom. It is emphasized that the introduction of martial law in Ukraine requires not only the solution of tasks related to the introduction and implementation of measures of the legal regime of martial law, since in the course of repelling armed aggression against Ukraine, police bodies participate in the performance of territorial defense tasks, carry out increased patrolling, escort appropriate cargoes, protection of property of victims, protection of destruction sites, delivery of offenders, restriction of traffic on dangerous routes, conducting exercises with representatives of the population, etc. The main problems that arise during the interaction of the National Police with the population at the current stage under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine are highlighted, the ways to solve them are outlined, it is proposed to develop a normative legal act on the organization of the interaction of the police with the population, in which the goal should be fixed interactions, tasks, define individual concepts, define subjects and heads of interaction bodies, types and forms of interaction, features of mutual information, channels of information transmission, methods and deadlines for checking the effectiveness of interaction, determine principles, as well as directions of interaction in the conditions of the legal regime of military state in Ukraine.
It is concluded that the legal regulation of the interaction of the National Police bodies with the population under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine should be understood as the system of legal means (elements), the totality of techniques and methods of legal influence on social relations that arise during such interaction, with the help of which a complex of organizational and special measures aimed at protection against illegal encroachments, as well as ensuring the personal safety of citizens, countering offenses is defined.
Characteristics of legislation in the field of health protection
Authors: Gegliuk O. M. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the essence of administrative and legal regulation in the field of health care through the prism of the systematization of administrative legislation in the specified field. The legal regulation of public administration is defined as a purposeful activity of state authorities regulated by laws and other normative acts, which is aimed at consolidating, organizing and protecting social relations in the specified sphere, which is carried out with the aim of preserving and strengthening health, protecting the rights of patients and medical employees. Attention is focused on determining the role and importance of such types of systematization as incorporation, consolidation, codification, adaptation and their application in the field of health care.
It was determined that the codification of administrative legislation in the field of health care is the most advanced form of systematization, which is directly related to the change in the form and content of the current legislation by its revision, elimination of conflicts, gaps, obsolescence and multiplicity of legal norms. Special attention is paid to adaptation, as a fundamental component of the European integration course of Ukraine, which consists in the phased adoption and implementation of laws and subordinate normative legal acts of Ukraine, developed considering the European Union legislation, as well as in making appropriate changes to the current legal acts of Ukraine.
Analysis was conducted and the reasons that complicate the classification of legislation in the field of health care were determined, with the complexity of legal regulation being the main one. The classification of health care legislation according to the principle of hierarchy, subject and scope of legal regulation, as well as by the number of persons is proposed.
The necessity of supplementing the current Code of Administrative Offences with the section “Offences in the Sphere of Health Care” is substantiated, which will establish responsibility for administrative offences in the sphere of health care, as well as strengthen administrative responsibility for their commission. The specified changes will ensure regulation of relations in the field of medical services, protection of the rights of doctors and patients, and as a result will improve the quality of medical assistance to the population.
Matters related to key features of the by-law contestation administrative proceedings
Authors: Yefimenko N. V. 
Published: April 2024

The article points out that in cases concerning appeals against normative acts in the presence of obvious signs of its unlawfulness and violation of the rights or legitimate interests of a person who has filed a lawsuit against such an act, this lawsuit can be accompanied by an interim remedy stopping the effect of the respective normative act. This is allowed in exceptional cases when, on the basis of the evidence available in the case, the court is convinced that the contested act clearly contradicts the criteria of its lawfulness established by law on administrative proceedings. At the same time, one cannot claim that an exceptional case for stopping the effect of a normative legal act, when the norms of substantive law establish an alternative procedure for the exercise of rights affected by the contested normative legal act (in particular, if it is possible to act on the basis of normative acts having higher legal force). In addition, when deciding the issue of suspending the effect of a normative legal act, the court must observe the limits of judicial intervention in the activities of their issuers and respect their discretionary powers, primarily those that lie in the domain of their exclusive executive functions, especially those that are characterized by political and narrowly-specialized character.
The author, moreover, maintains that in order to encourage plaintiffs to use their right to claim and procedural rights in good faith, it is proposed to establish the date when the plaintiff learned or should have learned about the violation of his rights and legitimate interests. It is also clarified that termination of a person’s participation in social relations, the participants of which are assigned rights and duties by the relevant normative act, as well as the termination of the normative legal act itself, is the starting point for calculating the timeframe for its appeal to court.
The article also indicates that there are critical gaps in the legislative provisions, which give rise to uncertainty regarding the impact of the published announcement on the appeal of a normative act on timeframes of appeal to the administrative court for other addressees of the relevant normative legal act, as well as regarding the procedural status of those who expressed their intention to join before consideration of the case on its unlawfulness.
Administrative responsibility for violation of customs rules during the movement of goods by natural persons across the customs border of Ukraine: reasons and signs
Authors: Nima A. O. 
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the disclosure of the features of administrative responsibility in the movement of goods by natural persons across the customs border of Ukraine, its grounds and features. Attention is focused on the categories: «offence», «customs offence», «natural person», «resident», «non-resident», «customs rules», «administrative responsibility», «violation of customs rules», «administrative responsibility for violation of customs rules». It was found that the violation of customs rules during the movement of goods by individuals across the customs border of Ukraine belongs to the category of administrative offenses and is a type of legal responsibility. It is suggested that the violation of customs rules in the case of movement of goods by individuals across the customs border of Ukraine should be understood as intentional or negligent action or inaction of an individual who interferes with the established procedure for movement of goods by them across the customs border of Ukraine, implementation of customs clearance procedures and customs control of such goods, or ( or) exemption or settlement of customs payments. It has been proven that the elements of violation of customs rules when moving goods by individuals across the customs border of Ukraine must include: a) object; b) the objective side; c) subject; d) the subjective side.
The grounds for administrative liability for violation of customs rules during the movement of goods by natural persons across the customs border of Ukraine have been disclosed. A proper definition of administrative responsibility for violation of customs rules during the movement of goods by individuals across the customs border of Ukraine is proposed as a specific form of negative response of the state in the form of its authorized bodies (customs and judicial) to violations of customs rules during the movement of goods by individuals across the customs border, according to which physical persons who have committed such violations are subject to onerous consequences of a material or other nature for their illegal actions and provides for administrative fines for this in the order and form determined by the Customs Code of Ukraine. The signs of administrative responsibility for violation of customs rules during the movement of goods by individuals across the customs border of Ukraine have been clarified.
The system of administrative courts of the Federal Republic of Germany: organization and functioning
Authors: Paslavska N. T. 
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the organization and functioning of administrative courts of general and special jurisdiction in the Federal Republic of Germany. Administrative justice in Germany is an independent branch of judicial power. It is represented by administrative courts of general and special jurisdiction and is separated from constitutional, general courts and courts of labor disputes.
The system of administrative courts of general jurisdiction in Germany covers three levels: the administrative courts, the higher administrative courts of the states and the Federal Administrative Court in Leipzig. The administrative court is the court of first instance for most administrative proceedings. The higher administrative courts of the federal states are the appellate and cassation instance of the administrative courts. Each federal state has a Supreme Administrative Court, the states of Berlin and Brandenburg share a Supreme Administrative Court, which, with the exception of Bavaria, Saxony- Anhalt and the city-states, are not located in the capital of the state to emphasize their independence from the administration in terms of location. Higher administrative courts are courts of first instance in cases of judicial review of laws and regulations, prohibition of associations by state bodies, and approval of implementation of certain infrastructure projects. The Federal Administrative Court, located in Leipzig, is the court of appeal and cassation on matters of law. The legislature also gave the Federal Administrative Court first-instance jurisdiction in public law disputes between the federal government and non-constitutional Länder, bans on mergers by the Federal Minister of the Interior or approvals for certain infrastructure projects. In these cases, the Federal Administrative Court has jurisdiction of both first and last instance.
A feature of administrative justice in Germany is the presence of special courts of administrative justice – financial and social courts with appropriate organization and functioning. The issue of the status of judges of administrative courts, non-professional judges, representatives of public interest, judicial administration, competence and jurisdiction was considered.
Portrait of the victim of domestic violence and its characteristics under the conditions of marital state
Authors: Avramenko S. M. , Melnyk A. R. 
Published: April 2024

The article highlights the need and prospects of researching a typical portrait of a victim of domestic violence. The study of socio-demographic characteristics helps to determine the most important directions of preventive work, in particular among those population groups whose representatives most often become victims of this crime. We analyze information about gender - in the vast majority of cases it is women; age - young women are the most vulnerable; level of education – usually the victims have a low level of education and other data on the social status of the victims.
The peculiarities of victims in the conditions of war are studied. Thus, victims of domestic violence in times of war are characterized by stress, anxiety, depression and physical trauma, among other things. In addition, they may feel isolated and fearful because of military actions and threats. In war, victims of domestic violence are more vulnerable.
It was concluded that a special feature of victims of domestic violence is the lack of housing or other accommodation where a woman could move and take her children. It has been found that women stay with the abuser and continue to suffer due to imposed stereotypes or traditions that glorify marriage as the highest value and call for the preservation of the family at any cost. At the same time, an important factor is the presence of people who convince the woman (or support her confidence) that she herself is to blame for the violence and can stop it by fully submitting to her partner’s demands.
The relationship between the level of intelligence and the possibility of becoming a victim is investigated. Such a high level of intelligence makes it possible not to be influenced by others and to defend one’s own opinion. Usually, victims of domestic violence do not have their own vision, are manipulated, and do not take responsibility.
There is an increasing trend in the number of victims of domestic violence with the presence of addiction, in particular drug, alcohol, and toxic substances.
It has been studied that the consequences of violence on children affect their entire future life, forming poorly educated, socially maladapted individuals who face problems in creating a family and are unable to become good, loving parents.
Features of liability for cyber-attacks in EU countries
Authors: Saliy A. Ya. 
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of responsibility for cyber-attacks in the countries of the European Union. It is noted that cyber-attacks on state bodies can be a component of cyber war or hybrid war and at the same time pose a threat to national and global security, as they can lead to the leakage of important information, disrupt the operation of state systems and lead to various negative consequences. So, for example, in Europe, the main goals of hackers from 2022, in addition to Ukraine, became Poland, the Baltic countries, Northern Europe and Germany. The share of cyberattacks on European Union (EU) countries increased from about 10% in the first quarter of 2022 to almost 50% in 2023. In total, 162 cyber-attacks were carried out on Ukraine in 2022; to Poland – 114; Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia – 157; Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland – 95, Germany – 57.
An increase in the activity of cyber-attacks on the networks of the energy sector, the diplomatic corps, law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, state enterprises and media companies has been established. The main goal of these attacks is to damage the country’s critical infrastructure. Globally, there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the number of targeted cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure facilities in recent years. And therefore, in connection with the possible negative consequences in the case of the implementation of cyber-attacks, it is important to note that ensuring the effective functioning of the country’s cyber defense system remains a high-priority task. Each year underscores the urgency of this challenge as threats in cyberspace continue to grow and become more highly specialized.
It was concluded that their public attribution will be important for determining possible responsibility in the countries of the European Union for a cyber-attack, which will include the identification and public announcement of who is behind a specific cyber-attack that affects state, commercial or other objects.
Some considerations regarding the object of the crime provided for in art. 2461 Criminal code of the RM (unfair competition)
Authors: Ursu V. , Musteața E. 
Published: April 2024

Crimes are always based on the existence of a certain relationship or situation that is violated by the act of conduct that constitutes the crime. This relationship or situation is what is called the object of the crime.
The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova in article 9 paragraph (3) proclaims that «The market, free economic initiative, fair competition are the basic factors of the economy», and in article 126 paragraph (2) letter b) it is provided that «The State must ensure the freedom of trade and entrepreneurial activity, the protection of fair competition, the creation of a favorable framework for the exploitation of all production factors».
Starting from the mentioned requirement, the legislator established a complex mechanism that would ensure its fulfillment, among which there is a corresponding normative framework.
Considering the diversity of the actions that constitute unfair competition, the fields in which they can be committed, determining the object to which the crime of unfair competition is aimed is of significant importance.
In this scientific article, a detailed analysis of the concept of «object of the crime of unfair competition» was carried out under the provisions of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova. The article highlighted the importance of the object of the offense in the context of unfair competition, showing how it serves as a central pillar for establishing guilt and enforcing the law. It was emphasized that the object of the crime of unfair competition consists of protecting commercial and economic interests, as well as preventing unfair practices that harm the competitive environment. This scientific article provides a clear and informed perspective on the object of the crime of unfair competition in the Republic of Moldova, highlighting the importance of this concept in law enforcement and in maintaining a fair and equitable competitive environment.
Problems of distinguishing criminal offenses trespassing pharmaceutical activity from related criminal offenses
Authors: Frolova O. G. 
Published: April 2024

The article considers the problems of distinguishing criminal offenses trespassing pharmaceutical activity from related criminal offenses. The author claims that the separation of criminal offenses trespassing pharmaceutical activity from related criminal offenses is due to the need to provide an accurate, justified and complete criminal legal assessment of the committed encroachment.
Finding out the features of the mechanism of distinguishing criminal offenses trespassing pharmaceutical activity from related criminal offenses, the author suggests taking into account the following main points: 1) characteristics of the victims (Articles 137, 140, 141, 142 of the Criminal Code); 2) signs of objects (Articles 141, 321-2 of the Criminal Code); 3) signs of actions and their consequences (Articles 131, 134, 137, 140 of the Criminal Code); 4) signs of actions, ways of committing them and their consequences (Part 2 of Article 308, Part 2 of Article 312, Part 2 of Article 313, Part 2 of Article 321-1 of the Criminal Code).
Carrying out a systematic analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the author cites specific situations with his own vision of how certain criminal offenses trespassing pharmaceutical activity should be distinguished from related criminal offenses. In particular, how should the elements of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 137 of the Criminal Code, where the victims are minors (children), in relation to whom subjects of medical and pharmaceutical services are obliged to take measures to ensure the protection of their life and health with a qualified staff of improper performance of professional duties by a medical or pharmaceutical worker, where a minor the person is also a victim. The article focuses attention on the contiguity of types of professional negligence in the field of medical and pharmaceutical activity (Articles 131, 137, 140 of the Criminal Code) and official negligence (Article 367 of the Criminal Code).
The author comes to the conclusion that the concept of falsified medicinal products (Article 321-1 of the Criminal Code) can be associated with the forgery of documents (Articles 358, 366 of the Criminal Code) and the use of knowingly forged documents (Part 4 of Article 358 of the Criminal Code).