bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of Chinese herbal injections in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS): a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yue Linkai , Xiao Lu , Zhang Xuemin , Niu Liqing , Wen Yue , Li Xiaowei , Wang Ying , Xing Guanghe , Li Guiwei 
Published: February 2024

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the primary cause of death in patients suffering acute myocardial infarction. As an emerging and efficacious therapeutic approach, Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) are gaining significant popularity in China. However, the optimal CHIs for treating CS remain uncertain.Method: We searched eight databases from inception to 30 September 2023. Subsequently, we conducted the Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA). Interventions were ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values. To compare the effects of CHIs on two distinct outcomes, a clustering analysis was performed. Furthermore, the quality of the studies was assessed.Results: For the study, we included 43 RCTs, encompassing 2,707 participants. The study evaluated six herbal injections, namely, Shenfu injection (SF), Shengmai injection (SM), Shenmai injection (Sm), Danshen injection (DS), Huangqi injection (HQ), and Xinmailong injection (XML). The analysis findings suggested that Sm (MD = −1.05, 95% CI: −2.10, −0.09) and SF (MD = −0.81, 95% CI: −1.40, −0.25) showed better efficacy compared to Western medicine (WM) alone in reducing in-hospital mortality. The SUCRA values revealed that Sm + WM ranked first in terms of in-hospital mortality, cardiac index (CI), and hourly urine output but second in improving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). SF + WM, however, had the greatest impact on raising the clinical effective rate. In MAP, SM + WM came out on top. Moreover, in terms of safety, only 14 studies (31.8%), including five types of CHIs: SF, Sm, SM, HQ, and XML, observed adverse drug reactions.Conclusion: To summarize, this analysis discovered that, in terms of patients suffering from CS, CHIs + WM yielded significantly greater advantages than WM alone. Based on in-hospital mortality and the remaining outcomes, Sm performed excellently among all the involved CHIs.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.Crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022347053.
Sex- versus apomixis-specific polymorphisms in the 5′UTR of APOLLO from Boechera shift gene expression from somatic to reproductive tissues in Arabidopsis
Authors: Honari Maryam , Ashnest Joanne R. , Sharbel Timothy F. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAmong candidate genes underlying the control components of apomixis, APOLLO is known for its strong linkage to apomeiosis in the genus Boechera. The gene has “apo alleles,” which are characterized by a set of linked apomixis-specific polymorphisms, and “sex alleles.” All apomictic Boechera genotypes are heterozygous for the apo/sex alleles, whereas all sexual genotypes are homozygous for sex alleles.MethodsIn this study, native and synthetic APOLLO promoters were characterized by detecting the expression level of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene in Arabidopsis.ResultsComparing various flower developmental stages in transgenic lines containing different constructs with 2-kb native transgenic lines revealed that changes to the APOLLO promoter causes shifts in tissue and developmental stage specificity of GUS expression. Importantly, several apomixis-specific polymorphisms in the 5′UTR change the timing and location of GUS activity from somatic to reproductive tissues.DiscussionThese synthetic data simulate a plausible evolutionary process, whereby apomixis-specific gene activity can be achieved.
Water depth-dependent stem elongation of completely submerged Alternanthera philoxeroides is mediated by intra-internodal growth variations
Authors: Jing Shufang , Ren Xinyi , Lin Feng , Niu Hangang , Ayi Qiaoli , Wan Binna , Zeng Bo , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: February 2024

Complete submergence, especially deep submergence, poses a serious threat to the growth and survival of plants. One study previously showed that Alternanthera philoxeroides (a herbaceous perennial plant) submerged at depth of 2 m presented fast stem elongation and reduced stem elongation as water depth increased. In the present study, we aimed to figure out from the morphological and anatomical perspective how the differential growth response of the plant to water depth was achieved. We investigated the elongation of different stem parts and the relationship of stem elongation to cell size and number in A. philoxeroides by conducting experiments using a series of submergence depths (0 m, 2 m, 5 m, and 9 m). The results showed that, in comparison with unsubmerged plants, completely submerged plants exhibited enhanced elongation at depths of 2 m and 5 m but suppressed elongation at depth of 9 m in immature stem internodes, and displayed very little elongation in mature stem internodes at any depths. The stem growth of A. philoxeroides at any submergence depth was chiefly caused by the elongation of the basal parts of immature internodes. The elongation of the basal parts of immature internodes was highly correlated to both cell proliferation and cell enlargement, but the elongation of the middle and upper parts of immature internodes correlated nearly only with cell enlargement. This study provided new information on the growth responses of A. philoxeroides to heterogeneous submergence environments and deepened our understanding of the growth performance of terrestrial plants in habitats prone to deep floods.
Physical seed dormancy in pea is genetically separable from seed coat thickness and roughness
Authors: Williams Owen R. , Vander Schoor Jacqueline K. , Butler Jakob B. , Hecht Valérie F. G. , Weller James L. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe seeds of wild pea (Pisum) exhibit marked physical dormancy due to impermeability of the seed coat to water, and the loss of this dormancy is thought to have been critical for domestication. Wild pea seed coats are also notably thick and rough, traits that have also reduced during domestication and are anecdotally linked to increased permeability. However, how these traits specifically interact with permeability is unclear.MethodsTo investigate this, we examined the genetic control of differences in seed coat characteristics between wild P. sativum ssp. humile and a non-dormant domesticated P. s. sativum accession in a recombinant inbred population. QTL effects were confirmed and their locations refined in segregating F4/5 populations.ResultsIn this population we found a moderate correlation between testa thickness and permeability, and identified loci that affect them independently, suggesting no close functional association. However, the major loci affecting both testa thickness and permeability collocated closely with Mendel’s pigmentation locus A, suggesting flavonoid compounds under its control might contribute significantly to both traits. We also show that seed coat roughness is oligogenic in this population, with the major locus independent of both testa thickness and permeability, suggesting selection for smooth seed was unlikely to be due to effects on either of these traits.DiscussionResults indicate loss of seed coat dormancy during domestication was not primarily driven by reduced testa thickness or smooth seededness. The close association between major permeability and thickness QTL and Mendel’s 'A' warrant further study, particularly regarding the role of flavonoids.
Characterizing individual differences in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: a descriptive study
Authors: Di Vara S. , Guerrera S. , Menghini D. , Scibelli F. , Lupi E. , Valeri G. , Vicari S. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a higher prevalence in male than in female participants. Recent studies have hypothesized the presence of different phenotypes in male and female participants with ASD. The present study aims to assess possible sex differences in cognitive and adaptive functioning, symptomatology of ASD, and psychopathological comorbidities in a large sample of children and adolescents with ASD.MethodsThe study included a total of 2,146 children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD, comprising 1785 boys (mean age 7.12 ± 3.69 years) and 361 girls (mean age 6.25 ± 3.30 years). The age of the participants ranged from 1.35 to 19.05 years (mean age 9.98 ± 3.64). The study sought to include all children and adolescents diagnosed with Autism or ASD.ResultsPresent results showed that girls with ASD had lower IQs than boys but similar adaptive functioning. The severity of symptoms of ASD was greater in boys than in girls, as were scores on psychopathological measures. With increasing age, boys with ASD showed greater impairment in social communication skills than girls and increased psychopathological comorbidities. Older girls showed fewer restricted and repetitive behaviors.DiscussionExploring phenotypic differences in children and adolescents with ASD fosters an understanding of subtle diagnostic facets that may go unrecognized, allowing for increasingly individualized and tailored interventions.
Interpersonal behaviors in sports context: Spanish adaptation and measurement invariance
Authors: Pineda-Espejel Heriberto Antonio , Morquecho-Sánchez Raquel , Morales-Sánchez Verónica 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe interpersonal behavior questionnaire (IBQ) is an instrument that measures support and thwarting interpersonal behaviors based on the self-determination theory (SDT). The aim of this work was to adapt the IBQ to the Spanish spoken in Mexico and to examine its psychometric properties (structural validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, factorial invariance, and nomological validity) in a sample of athletes.MethodsFor this purpose, 472 athletes (average age 17.15 years; SD = 1.47) completed a question booklet.Results and discussionConfirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of six related factors, three factors of behaviors that support autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and three factors of behaviors that thwarting them. The internal consistency of each factor was also supported, as well as the average variance extracted. However, the discriminant validity between the factors of competence and relatedness in their dimensions of support, on the one hand, and thwarting, on the other, is questioned. Factorial invariance was confirmed across gender (men and women) and sport type (individual and team). Nomological validity is in accordance with theory and empirical literature. More studies of the IBQ in sport are necessary to see if these results are a fortuitous product or if they manifest themselves consistently.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air particulate matter exposure and heart attacks: a 5-year retrospective cohort study in Taiwan (2017–2021)
Authors: Yen Chih-Chien , Hsiao Po-Jen , Chu Chi-Ming , Chen Ping-Ling 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundHeart attacks including acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) caused from the particulate matter (PM) and air pollutant exposures are positively associated with regional air pollution severity and individual exposure. The exceptional coronavirus disease epidemic of 2019 (COVID-19) may enhance the air conditions in areas under COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air particulate matter (PM) exposure and heart attacks in Taiwan.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in one teaching hospital in Taichung, Taiwan. We examined emergency patients diagnosed with acute STEMI and ADHF from January 1, 2017, to March 31, 2020, (i.e., before the COVID-19 pandemic) and from April 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021, (after the COVID-19 pandemic). The effects of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and PM10 as well as temperature and humidity on environmental air pollutants were recorded. The analysis was performed with a unidirectional case-crossover research design and a conditional logistic regression model.ResultsBoth PM2.5 and PM10 levels had a positive association with the risk of acute STEMI before the COVID-19 pandemic (PM2.5 adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.016, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003–1.032 and PM10 adjusted OR: 1.009, 95% CI: 1.001–1.018) and ADHF (PM2.5 adjusted OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.034–1.067 and PM10 adjusted OR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.027–1.047). Moreover, the results demonstrated that PM2.5 and PM10 were not associated with the risk of acute STEMI or ADHF after the COVID-19 pandemic. Reduction in PM2.5 and PM10 levels after the COVID-19 pandemic were noted. Hospital admissions for acute STEMI (7.4 and 5.8/per month) and ADHF (9.7 and 8.2/per month) also decreased (21.6 and 15.5%) after the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionIn Taiwan, paradoxical reductions in PM2.5 and PM10 levels during the COVID-19 pandemic may decrease the number of hospital admissions for acute STEMI and ADHF. As the COVID-19 pandemic eases, the condition of air pollution may gradually become worse again. The governments should formulate better policies to improve the health of the public and the quality of the air.
A drink equals how many cigarettes? Equating mortality risks from alcohol and tobacco use in Canada
Authors: Jaswal Harpreet , Sohi Ivneet , Rehm Jürgen , Churchill Samuel , Sherk Adam , Stockwell Tim , Levesque Christine , Sanger Nitika , Edalati Hanie , Butt Peter R. , Paradis Catherine , Shield Kevin D. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo quantify and communicate risk equivalencies for alcohol-and tobacco-attributable mortality by comparing per standard drinks consumed to per number of cigarettes smoked in Canada.MethodsAlcohol-and tobacco-attributable premature deaths (≤75 years of age) and years of life lost (YLL) were estimated using a lifetime risk modeling approach. Alcohol-attributable death statistics were obtained from the 2023 Canadian Guidance on Alcohol and Health data source. Tobacco-attributable death statistics were derived from the Mortality Population Risk Tool (MPoRT) model.ResultsThe risk of alcohol use on premature death and YLL increased non-linearly with the number of drinks consumed, while the risk for tobacco use on these two measures increased linearly with the number of cigarettes smoked. Males who consumed 5 drinks/day—a standard drink contains 13.45 grams of alcohol in Canada—had an equivalent risk as smoking 4.9 cigarettes/day (when modeling for premature death) and 5.1 cigarettes/day (when modeling for YLL). Females who consumed 5 drinks/day experienced an equivalent risk as smoking 4.2 cigarettes/day for premature deaths and YLL. At all levels of alcohol consumption females and males who consumed &lt;5 drinks/day have less risks from consuming a standard drink than from smoking a cigarette. For males who consumed 5 drinks/day, the increased risks of death from per drink consumed and per cigarette smoked were equal.ConclusionRisk equivalencies comparing alcohol use to tobacco use could help people who drink improve their knowledge and understanding of the mortality risks associated with increased number of drinks consumed per day.
The serodiagnositic value of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in antibody detection using luciferase immunosorbent assay
Authors: Pang Yulian , Shui Jingwei , Li Changchang , Li Yongzhi , Chen Hongliang , Tang Shixing 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAmong the different antigens used in the detection of anti-Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies, significant differences in sensitivity and specificity have been observed. Further evaluation of C. trachomatis antigens in antibody detection is urgently needed for the development and application of C. trachomatis serologic assays.MethodsChlamydia trachomatis antigens Pgp3, TmeA, InaC, and HSP60 were selected and used in luciferase immunosorbent assay (LISA). The detection results obtained from well-defined C. trachomatis positive and negative samples were compared with the commercial C. trachomatis ELISA (Mikrogen) for performance evaluation.ResultsPgp3, TmeA, InaC, and HSP60-based LISA showed sensitivity of 92.8, 88.8, 90.4, and 94.4%, and specificity of 99.2, 99.2, 99.2, and 92%, respectively. ROC analysis indicated that Pgp3-based LISA showed similar performance to Mikrogen ELISA (AUC 0.986 vs. 0.993, p = 0.207). Furthermore, four C. trachomatis antigens achieved strong diagnostic efficiency, i.e., positive likelihood ratios [+LR] ≥ 10 in C. trachomatis-infected women and negative likelihood ratios [−LR] ≤ 0.1 in C. trachomatis negative low exposure risk children, but only Pgp3 and TmeA showed strong diagnostic value in general adults. In addition, Pgp3, TmeA, and InaC, but not HSP60, achieved high performance, i.e., both positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) ≥ 90.9%, and showed no significant cross-reactivity with anti-Chlamydiapneumoniae.ConclusionThree C. trachomatis species-specific antigens Pgp3, TmeA, and InaC show superior performance in the detection of anti-C. trachomatis antibody, indicating the potential to be used in developing C. trachomatis serologic tests.
Evaluating injuries and illnesses that occurred during the Yukon Quest International sled dog race, 2018–2020
Authors: Hattendorf Jenna C. , Davis Michael S. , Hansen Cristina M. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate medical record data from the 2018–2020 Yukon Quest International Sled Dog race to examine injury patterns and risk factors for dogs competing in multi-day ultra-endurance events. Specifically, we summarized injuries and illnesses that resulted in canine athletes being removed (“dropped”) from competition, and in orthopedic injuries diagnosed in both dropped and finished dogs.MethodsThe records of 989 dogs that started the race were examined, but only records from dogs in teams that went on to finish the race were included, for a total of 711 records.Results and discussionThree hundred and sixty five dogs (51.3%) were noted to have at least one abnormal finding in their veterinary medical record during the race. Orthopedic injuries were most common, and 291 injuries were ultimately diagnosed in 234 dogs (32.9%). Ultimately, 206 dogs (29%) were dropped from competition, for any reason. The most common reasons for dropping dogs were orthopedic injuries (156 dogs; 188 injuries), gastrointestinal illness (22 dogs), and cardiorespiratory disease (7 dogs). Most orthopedic injuries in dropped dogs occurred in the thoracic limb (n = 121 dogs; 151 injuries). Of those, injuries to the shoulder were most common (n = 77), followed by injuries to the carpus (n = 59), and injury to the pelvic limb (n = 32). Carpal injuries were the most prevalent injury diagnosed in dogs that went on to finish the race (71 of 85 injuries). Carpal injuries were the most prevalent injuries overall in 2018 (51%) and 2019 (52%). In 2020, shoulder injuries were most prevalent (27%), suggesting that trail conditions may have differed between years. The majority of dogs with an orthopedic injury ultimately were removed from competition (156 of 234, or 66.6%), but the likelihood of finishing the race with an injury depended on the type of injury sustained; 71 of 130 dogs (54.6%) with a carpal injury went on to finish the race, whereas only 9 of 86 dogs with a shoulder injury (10.5%) went on to finish. The results of this study can assist mushers and veterinarians in preparing for races, and in decision making during endurance sled dog races.
An Analysis of the Kinematical Characteristics of an Eccentric Curve-Face Gear Pair with Compound Motion
Authors: He Chunjiang , Zhang Jinxu , Lin Chao 
Published: February 2024

An atypical face gear pair with complex transmission motion can be used in intermittent reciprocating mechanisms with more precise transmission and a much higher capacity than conventional mechanisms, such as cams and linkages. In this study, we derive a mathematical equation for the complex tooth surface of this gear pair. We indicate the change in root cutting, top sharpening and the effective width of the tooth surface with different parameters. Additionally, we derive the governing equation for the kinematical characteristics of this eccentric curve-face gear pair with a rigid–flexible coupling system, revealing the continuous intermittent contact principle of this gear type with different parameters. Boundary conditions for the gear pair are proposed, demonstrating that the vibration of the gear pair is more obvious, even at a low velocity. In addition, the critical velocity, which mostly ranges from 300 rpm to 400 rpm, is affected by the stiffness of the frames and the parameters of the tooth surfaces. The interval space and interval time of the intermittent contact system are Δd≤0.3 mm and Δt≤5.6×10−4 s, with visible surface sliding on the contact area. It is shown that the contact points are firstly concentrated at the outer part of the tooth surface and that the meshing will break off at the first tooth with the minimum inner radius RGi−min. These theoretical results, which have been verified experimentally, provide theoretical support for further analysis and the better application of this unconventional gear pair.
PECULIARITIES OF POST-TRAUMATIC GROWTH OF COMBATANTS WITH DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE FUTURE
Authors: Reva M. , Titova T. 
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study of the psychological peculiarities of post-traumatic growth of combatants with different attitudes towards the future.
As a result of the theoretical analysis, it was found that the post-traumatic period of personal life creation can be and should be a period of personal growth and increasing of psychological well-being of the combatants even in wartime.
The data of the empirical study showed that according to indicators of post-traumatic growth in general, a half of the studied subjects after a traumatic experience began to be characterized with bigger openness in communication with others, with a positive attitude to life and empathy. Almost a third of servicemen became easier to adapt to changes. At the same time, a certain part of the interviewed combatants no longer felt confident in their ability to solve their life problems.
Most of the interviewed servicemen are sufficiently motivated to set life tasks in various fields, are able to structure their own lives, are optimistic about the future, assess their capabilities objectively, are quite active in everyday activities, as well as stable in life tasks setting. At the same time, the rate of low-motivated servicemen who are unable to structure their own life time, do not seek to make serious plans and are unable to set life tasks taking into account the integrity of life, is quite high.
A comparison of the peculiarities of post-traumatic growth of combatants with different attitudes towards the future proved that the higher the level of positive attitude towards the future of servicemen is, the more confident they feel in their own abilities to solve their life problems. In addition, the more close, pleasant, trusting relationships the combatants have with others, the more positive vision they have of the future. It was possible to conclude that a high level of positive attitude towards the future correlates with high indicators of post-traumatic growth of combatants, that is, the attitude towards the future is a factor in the post-traumatic recovery of servicemen – combatants.