bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Members of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) peptide family are differentially distributed both between and within the neuroendocrine organs ofCancercrabs: implications for differential release and pleiotropic function
Authors: Hsu Yun-Wei A. , Messinger Daniel I. , Chung J. Sook , Webster Simon G. , de la Iglesia Horacio O. , Christie Andrew E. 
Published: August 2006

SUMMARYThe crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) family of peptides includes CHH,moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and mandibular organ-inhibiting hormone (MOIH). In the crab Cancer pagurus, isoforms of these peptides, as well as CHH precursor-related peptide (CPRP), have been identified in the X-organ-sinus gland (XO-SG) system. Using peptides isolated from the C. pagurus SG, antibodies to each family member and CPRP were generated. These sera were then used to map the distributions and co-localization patterns of these peptides in the neuroendocrine organs of seven Cancer species: Cancer antennarius, Cancer anthonyi, Cancer borealis, Cancer gracilis, Cancer irroratus, Cancer magister and Cancer productus. In addition to the XO-SG, the pericardial organ (PO) and two other neuroendocrine sites contained within the stomatogastric nervous system, the anterior cardiac plexus (ACP) and the anterior commissural organ (ACO), were studied. In all species, the peptides were found to be differentially distributed between the neuroendocrine sites in conserved patterns: i.e. CHH, CPRP, MIH and MOIH in the XO-SG, CHH, CPRP and MOIH in the PO, and MOIH in the ACP (no immunolabeling was found in the ACO). Moreover, in C. productus (and probably in all species), the peptides present in the XO-SG and PO were differentially distributed between the neurons within each of these neuroendocrine organs (e.g. CHH and CPRP in one set of XO somata with MIH and MOIH co-localized in a different set of cell bodies). Taken collectively, the differential distributions of CHH family members and CPRP both between and within the neuroendocrine organs of crabs of the genus Cancersuggests that each of these peptides may be released into the circulatory system in response to varied, tissue-specific cues and that the PO- and/or ACP-derived isoforms may possess functions distinct from those classically ascribed to their release from the SG.
Critical role of zinc in hardening of Nereis jaws
Authors: Broomell Chris C. , Mattoni Mike A. , Zok Frank W. , Waite J. Herbert 
Published: August 2006

SUMMARY
Hardening of invertebrate jaws and mandibles has been previously correlated to diverse, potentially complex modifications. Here we demonstrate directly,for the first time, that Zn plays a critical role in the mechanical properties of histidine-rich Nereis jaws. Using nanoindentation, we show that removal of Zn by chelation decreases both hardness and modulus by over 65%. Moreover, reconstitution of Zn yields a substantial recovery of initial properties. Modulus and hardness of Zn-replete jaws exceed those attainable by current engineering polymers by a factor of &gt;3. Zn-mediated histidine cross-links are proposed to account for this enhancement in mechanical properties.
Molecular characterization of the first aromatic nutrient transporter from the sodium neurotransmitter symporter family
Authors: Meleshkevitch Ella A. , Assis-Nascimento Poincyane , Popova Lyudmila B. , Miller Melissa M. , Kohn Andrea B. , Phung Elizabeth N. , Mandal Anita , Harvey William R. , Boudko Dmitri Y. 
Published: August 2006

SUMMARYNutrient amino acid transporters (NATs, subfamily of sodium neurotransmitter symporter family SNF, a.k.a. SLC6) represent a set of phylogenetically and functionally related transport proteins, which perform intracellular absorption of neutral, predominantly essential amino acids. Functions of NATs appear to be critical for the development and survival in organisms. However, mechanisms of specific and synergetic action of various NAT members in the amino acid transport network are virtually unexplored. A new transporter, agNAT8, was cloned from the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae (SS). Upon heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes it performs high-capacity, sodium-coupled (2:1)uptake of nutrients with a strong preference for aromatic catechol-branched substrates, especially phenylalanine and its derivatives tyrosine and L-DOPA,but not catecholamines. It represents a previously unknown SNF phenotype, and also appears to be the first sodium-dependent B0 type transporter with a narrow selectivity for essential precursors of catecholamine synthesis pathways. It is strongly and specifically transcribed in absorptive and secretory parts of the larval alimentary canal and specific populations of central and peripheral neurons of visual-, chemo- and mechano-sensory afferents. We have identified a new SNF transporter with previously unknown phenotype and showed its important role in the accumulation and redistribution of aromatic substrates. Our results strongly suggest that agNAT8 is an important, if not the major, provider of an essential catechol group in the synthesis of catecholamines for neurochemical signaling as well as ecdysozoan melanization and sclerotization pathways, which may include cuticle hardening/coloring, wound curing, oogenesis, immune responses and melanization of pathogens.
First International Proficiency Study on West Nile Virus Molecular Detection
Authors: Niedrig Matthias , Linke Sonja , Zeller Herve , Drosten Christian 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Background: West Nile virus (WNV) molecular detection is being conducted by a growing number of laboratories, but the degree of proficiency may vary between them. External quality control is needed.
Methods: We have conducted an international quality assurance study on WNV molecular detection. Participating laboratories tested noninfectious samples inactivated by heat and gamma irradiation. Participants received 7 coded lyophilized samples containing WNV of genetic lineages 1a, 1b, and 2 at 2600 to 18 000 000 RNA copies/mL, 3 samples containing heterologous flaviviruses, and 2 negative samples.
Results: Thirty laboratories participated. The average laboratory achieved 50% detection probability from 7762 copies/mL onward (probit analysis; 95% CI = 1174–24547 copies/mL). Lineages 1a and 1b were detected with equal efficiencies, but the lineage 2 strain (Ug37) was detected at significantly lower rates. Only 27% of participants were able to detect the 6 samples containing ≥1.8 × 104 copies/mL. Three laboratories generated false-positive results in negative samples. Six of 30 laboratories reported correct strain identification in 3 samples containing non-WNV flaviviruses. We observed a significant positive correlation between the capability of detecting non-WNV flaviviruses and detecting WNV lineage 2.
Conclusions: Most participants showed good performance in detecting lineage 1 WNV, the predominant virus in the Northern Hemisphere. The inability of some laboratories to detect even highly concentrated lineage 2 WNV downgraded the overall outcome. The lineage 2 material received through this study will provide laboratories with the necessary template for improving their assays. Such material is otherwise hard to obtain.
Current State of Dermatology Mobile Applications With Artificial Intelligence Features
Authors: Wongvibulsin Shannon , Yan Matthew J. , Pahalyants Vartan , Murphy William , Daneshjou Roxana , Rotemberg Veronica 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceWith advancements in mobile technology and artificial intelligence (AI) methods, there has been a substantial surge in the availability of direct-to-consumer mobile applications (apps) claiming to aid in the assessment and management of diverse skin conditions. Despite widespread patient downloads, these apps exhibit limited evidence supporting their efficacy.ObjectiveTo identify and characterize current English-language AI dermatology mobile apps available for download, focusing on aspects such as purpose, supporting evidence, regulatory status, clinician input, data privacy measures, and use of image data.Evidence ReviewIn this cross-sectional study, both Apple and Android mobile app stores were systematically searched for dermatology-related apps that use AI algorithms. Each app’s purpose, target audience, evidence-based claims, algorithm details, data availability, clinician input during development, and data usage privacy policies were evaluated.FindingsA total of 909 apps were initially identified. Following the removal of 518 duplicates, 391 apps remained. Subsequent review excluded 350 apps due to nonmedical nature, non-English languages, absence of AI features, or unavailability, ultimately leaving 41 apps for detailed analysis. The findings revealed several concerning aspects of the current landscape of AI apps in dermatology. Notably, none of the apps were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, and only 2 of the apps included disclaimers for the lack of regulatory approval. Overall, the study found that these apps lack supporting evidence, input from clinicians and/or dermatologists, and transparency in algorithm development, data usage, and user privacy.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study determined that although AI dermatology mobile apps hold promise for improving access to care and patient outcomes, in their current state, they may pose harm due to potential risks, lack of consistent validation, and misleading user communication. Addressing challenges in efficacy, safety, and transparency through effective regulation, validation, and standardized evaluation criteria is essential to harness the benefits of these apps while minimizing risks.
Mental Health–Related Outpatient Visits Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 2006-2019
Authors: Ahn-Horst Rosa Y. , Bourgeois Florence T. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceConcerns over the mental health of young people have been increasing over the past decade, especially with the rise in mental health burden seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining trends in mental health–related outpatient visits provides critical information to elucidate contributing factors, identify vulnerable populations, and inform strategies to address the mental health crisis.ObjectiveTo examine characteristics and trends in mental health–related outpatient visits and psychotropic medication use among US adolescents and young adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual probability sample survey, was conducted from January 2006 to December 2019. Participants included adolescents (age 13-17 years) and young adults (age 18-24 years) with office-based outpatient visits in the US. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2023, to September 15, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMental health–related outpatient visits were identified based on established sets of diagnostic codes for psychiatric disorders. Temporal trends in the annual proportion of mental health–related outpatient visits were assessed, including visits associated with use of psychotropic medications. Analyses were stratified by age and sex.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2019, there were an estimated 1.1 billion outpatient visits by adolescents and young adults, of which 145.0 million (13.1%) were associated with a mental health condition (mean [SD] age, 18.4 [3.5] years; 74.0 million females [51.0%]). Mental health–related diagnoses were more prevalent among visits by male (16.8%) compared with female (10.9%) patients (P &amp;lt; .001). This difference was most pronounced among young adults, with 20.1% of visits associated with a psychiatric diagnosis among males vs 10.1% among females (P &amp;lt; .001). The proportion of mental health–related visits nearly doubled, from 8.9% in 2006 to 16.9% in 2019 (P &amp;lt; .001). Among all outpatient visits, 17.2% were associated with the prescription of at least 1 psychotropic medication, with significant increases from 12.8% to 22.4% by 2019 (P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, there were substantial increases in mental health–related outpatient visits and use of psychotropic medications, with greater overall burden among male patients. These findings provide a baseline for understanding post-pandemic shifts and suggest that current treatment and prevention strategies will need to address preexisting psychiatric needs in addition to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Stereotactic Radiation Therapy in Early Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Palma David A. , Bahig Houda , Hope Andrew , Harrow Stephen , Debenham Brock J. , Louie Alexander V. , Vu Thi Trinh Thuc (Toni) , Filion Edith , Bezjak Andrea , Campeau Marie-Pierre , Duimering Adele , Giuliani Meredith E. , Laba Joanna M. , Lang Pencilla , Lok Benjamin H. , Qu X. Melody , Raman Srinivas , Rodrigues George B. , Goodman Christopher D. , Gaede Stewart , Morisset Julie , Warner Andrew , Dhaliwal Inderdeep , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: March 2024

ImportancePatients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported to be at high risk of toxic effects after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), but for many patients, there are limited alternative treatment options.ObjectiveTo prospectively assess the benefits and toxic effects of SABR in this patient population.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study was conducted at 6 academic radiation oncology institutions, 5 in Canada and 1 in Scotland, with accrual between March 7, 2019, and January 12, 2022. Patients aged 18 years or older with fibrotic ILD and a diagnosis of T1-2N0 NSCLC who were not candidates for surgical resection were enrolled.InterventionPatients were treated with SABR to a dose of 50 Gy in 5 fractions every other day.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe study prespecified that SABR would be considered worthwhile if median overall survival—the primary end point—was longer than 1 year, with a grade 3 to 4 risk of toxic effects less than 35% and a grade 5 risk of toxic effects less than 15%. Secondary end points included toxic effects, progression-free survival (PFS), local control (LC), quality-of-life outcomes, and changes in pulmonary function. Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted.ResultsThirty-nine patients enrolled and received SABR. Median age was 78 (IQR, 67-83) years and 59% (n = 23) were male. At baseline, 70% (26 of 37) of patients reported dyspnea, median forced expiratory volume in first second of expiration was 80% (IQR, 66%-90%) predicted, median forced vital capacity was 84% (IQR, 69%-94%) predicted, and median diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was 49% (IQR, 38%-61%) predicted. Median follow-up was 19 (IQR, 14-25) months. Overall survival at 1 year was 79% (95%, CI 62%-89%; P &amp;lt; .001 vs the unacceptable rate), and median overall survival was 25 months (95% CI, 14 months to not reached). Median PFS was 19 months (95% CI, 13-28 months), and 2-year LC was 92% (95% CI, 69%-98%). Adverse event rates (highest grade per patient) were grade 1 to 2: n = 12 (31%), grade 3: n = 4 (10%), grade 4: n = 0, and grade 5: n = 3 (7.7%, all due to respiratory deterioration).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this trial, use of SABR in patients with fibrotic ILD met the prespecified acceptability thresholds for both toxicity and efficacy, supporting the use of SABR for curative-intent treatment after a careful discussion of risks and benefits.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03485378
Off‐the‐Shelf Synthetic Biodegradable Grafts Transform In Situ into a Living Arteriovenous Fistula in a Large Animal Model
Authors: Besseling Paul J. , Szymczyk Wojciech , Teraa Martin , Toorop Raechel J. , Wu Dan Jing , Driessen Rob C. H. , Lichauco Arturo M. , Janssen Henk M. , van de Kaa Melanie , den Ouden Krista , de Bree Petra M. , Fledderus Joost O. , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , de Borst Gert J. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Verhaar Marianne C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrent vascular access options require frequent interventions. In situ tissue engineering (TE) may overcome these limitations by combining the initial success of synthetic grafts with long‐term advantages of autologous vessels by using biodegradable grafts that transform into autologous vascular tissue at the site of implantation. Scaffolds (6 mm‐Ø) made of supramolecular polycarbonate‐bisurea (PC‐BU), with a polycaprolactone (PCL) anti‐kinking‐coil, are implanted between the carotid artery and jugular vein in goats. A subset is bio‐functionalized using bisurea‐modified‐Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF1α) derived peptides and ePTFE grafts as controls. Grafts are explanted after 1 and 3 months, and evaluated for material degradation, tissue formation, compliance, and patency. At 3 months, the scaffold is resorbed and replaced by vascular neo‐tissue, including elastin, contractile markers, and endothelial lining. No dilations, ruptures, or aneurysms are observed and grafts are successfully cannulated at termination. SDF‐1α‐peptide‐biofunctionalization does not influence outcomes. Patency is lower in TE grafts (50%) compared to controls (100% patency), predominantly caused by intimal hyperplasia. Rapid remodeling of a synthetic, biodegradable vascular scaffold into a living, compliant arteriovenous fistula is demonstrated in a large animal model. Despite lower patency compared to ePTFE, transformation into autologous and compliant living tissue with self‐healing capacity may have long‐term advantages.
Designing Ultratough Single‐Network Hydrogels with Centimeter‐Scale Fractocohesive Lengths via Inelastic Crack Blunting
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhang Xizhe , Yin Daochen , Cai Yijie , Shen Zihang , Sheng Zhi , Bai Jiabao , Qu Shaoxing , Zhu Shuze , Jia Zheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFractocohesive length, defined as the ratio of fracture toughness to work of fracture, measures the sensitivity of materials to fracture in the presence of flaws. The larger the fractocohesive length, the more flaw‐tolerant and crack‐resistant the hydrogel. For synthetic soft materials, the fractocohesive length is short, often on the scale of 1 mm. Here, highly flaw‐insensitive (HFI) single‐network hydrogels containing an entangled inhomogeneous polymer network of widely distributed chain lengths are designed. The HFI hydrogels demonstrate a centimeter‐scale fractocohesive length of 2.21 cm, which is the highest ever recorded for synthetic hydrogels, and an unprecedented fracture toughness of ≈13 300 J m−2. The uncommon flaw insensitivity results from the inelastic crack blunting inherent to the highly inhomogeneous network. When the HFI hydrogel is stretched, a large number of short chains break while coiled long chains can disentangle, unwind, and straighten, producing large inelastic deformation that substantially blunts the crack tip in a plastic manner, thereby deconcentrating crack‐tip stresses and blocking crack extension. The flaw‐insensitive design strategy is applicable to various hydrogels such as polyacrylamide and poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels and enables the development of HFI soft composites.
Chemical Logic Gates on Active Colloids
Authors: Chen Jiang‐Xing , Hu Jia‐Qi , Kapral Raymond 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown that active colloidal motors using enzymatic reactions for propulsion hold special promise for applications in fields ranging from biology to material science. It will be desirable to have active colloids with capability of computation so that they can act autonomously to sense their surroundings and alter their own dynamics. It is shown how small chemical networks that make use of enzymatic chemical reactions on the colloid surface can be used to construct motor‐based chemical logic gates. The basic features of coupled enzymatic reactions that are responsible for propulsion and underlie the construction and function of chemical gates are described using continuum theory and molecular simulation. Examples are given that show how colloids with specific chemical logic gates, can perform simple sensing tasks. Due to the diverse functions of different enzyme gates, operating alone or in circuits, the work presented here supports the suggestion that synthetic motors using such gates could be designed to operate in an autonomous way in order to complete complicated tasks.
A Bioinspired and Cost‐Effective Device for Minimally Invasive Blood Sampling
Authors: Zoratto Nicole , Klein‐Cerrejon David , Gao Daniel , Inchiparambil Tino , Sachs David , Luo Zhi , Leroux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConventional venipuncture is invasive and challenging in low and middle‐income countries. Conversely, point‐of‐care devices paired with fingersticks, although less invasive, suffer from high variability and low blood volume collection. Recently approved microsampling devices address some of these issues but remain cost‐prohibitive for resource‐limited settings. In this work, a cost‐effective microsampling device is described for the collection of liquid blood with minimal invasiveness and sufficient volume retrieval for laboratory analyses or immediate point‐of‐care testing. Inspired by the anatomy of sanguivorous leeches, the single‐use device features a storage compartment for blood collection and a microneedle patch hidden within a suction cup. Finite Element Method simulations, corroborated by mechanical analyses, guide the material selection for device fabrication and design optimization. In piglets, the device successfully collects ≈195 µL of blood with minimal invasiveness. Additionally, a tailor‐made lid and adapter enable safe fluid transportation and integration with commercially available point‐of‐care systems for on‐site analyses, respectively. Taken together, the proposed platform holds significant promise for enhancing healthcare in the pediatric population by improving patient compliance and reducing the risk of needlestick injuries through concealed microneedles. Most importantly, given its cost‐effective fabrication, the open‐source microsampling device may have a meaningful impact in resource‐limited healthcare settings.
LUMBAR syndrome–OEIS complex overlap: A case series and review
Authors: Barrios L. , Chamlin S. , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim M. , Rialon K. L. , Austin Paul , Alhajjat A. , Bowen D. , Metry Denise W. , Siegel D. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe present three new and six published infants with overlapping features of LUMBAR syndrome (lower body hemangioma, urogenital anomalies, spinal cord malformations, bony deformities, anorectal/arterial anomalies and renal anomalies) and OEIS complex (omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal defects), also known as cloacal exstrophy. OEIS is included under the recently proposed umbrella coined recurrent constellations of embryonic malformations (RCEMs). The RCEMs represent a phenotypically overlapping spectrum of rare disorders of caudal dysgenesis with unknown cause but likely shared pathogenesis. It has recently been proposed that LUMBAR be considered an RCEM. This report of infants with combined features of OEIS and LUMBAR is the first to demonstrate an overlap between LUMBAR and another RCEM, which supports LUMBAR's inclusion within the RCEM spectrum.
Fe SAC on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon: An Efficient Catalyst for S‐Alkylation of Dithiocarbamates via Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy
Authors: M. Vageesh , P. Hima , Bhobe Preeti A. , Dey Raju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein we report, the synthesis of single‐atom iron on nitrogen‐doped carbon as a catalyst for the direct formation of Csp3−S bond via borrowing hydrogen strategy using alcohols as the alkylating agent. The catalyst was synthesized by encapsulating ferrocene within the ZIF‐8 framework, followed by pyrolysis and characterized precisely by FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, XPS, Raman, XRD and EXAFS. The catalyst is robust, displayed an excellent reactivity in borrowing hydrogen reaction and could be recycled five times without any appreciable loss in activity.