bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐temperature, sol–gel‐synthesized, silver‐doped titanium oxide coatings to improve ultraviolet‐blocking properties for cotton fabrics
Authors: Onar Nurhan , Ebeoglugil M. Faruk , Kayatekin Isıl , Celik Erdal 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new finishing process for cotton fabrics was developed that includes the treatment of cotton fabrics by a pad–dry–cure method with different amounts of Ag‐doped, Ti‐based transparent solutions prepared with a sol–gel method. Within this framework, transparent solutions were prepared with solutions of Ag‐ and Ti‐based precursors, isopropyl alcohol, and glacial acetic acid. Then, cotton fabrics were padded with these solutions. After these processes, the padded fabrics were dried at 80°C for 30 min in air, and the coated fabrics were cured at 150°C for 5 min to produce Ag‐doped TiO2 films on the fabrics. The turbidity, pH, wettability, and rheological properties of the prepared solutions were measured. The thermal, structural, and microstructural properties of the coatings were extensively characterized with differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The thicknesses of the films were estimated with a refractometer and a spectrophotometer. In addition, the add‐on values, wash fastness, ultraviolet protection, lightness, and contact angles of the coated fabrics were determined. The treatment of the fabrics with a 30 atom % Ag doped, Ti‐based solution imparted to the fabrics a good ultraviolet‐protection factor rating of 15+, which was an increase of 10+ in comparison with the ultraviolet‐protection factor of the untreated fabric (5+). The produced fabrics were also water‐resistant. Hence, this method produced multifunctional fabrics that were water‐resistant and ultraviolet‐protective. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Curing of bromobutyl elastomer composition using a xanthogen polysulphide accelerator for medical drug delivery device applications
Authors: Ohbi D. S. , Purewal T. S. , Shah T. , Siores E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBromobutyl elastomer (BIIR) can be used for sealing medical drug delivery devices due to its high resistance to permeability by moisture and gases which are known to deteriorate the performance of pharmaceutical drugs. However, its use is restricted since the traditional accelerators used for crosslinking BIIR leave reaction residues which can leach out and contaminate drugs. An accelerator based on xanthogen polysulphide (DIXP) does not leave reaction residues as it is totally consumed during crosslinking. From these considerations DIXP was used to formulate a BIIR composition for seals in medical devices. The isothermal kinetic reaction curve for BIIR showed that the crosslinking region consists of two parts. The first part had a reaction order (n) = 1 and the second stage had a lower n = 0.6–0.7. The rate constants and the activation energies for the two stages were determined. Increasing the time and temperature variables of crosslinking increased the dynamic elastic shear modulus (G′) in BIIR according to the kinetic theory of vulcanization, however the moisture ingress showed an initial decrease followed by an inflection where increasing the variables caused increased moisture ingress. This increase is believed to be caused by the volatile gaseous byproducts produced in the crosslinking reaction of DIXP which change the microstructure of BIIR. The crosslinking conditions for minimizing moisture ingress in BIIR and achieving a high G′ were identified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Shape memory polymers based on uniform aliphatic urethane networks
Authors: Wilson T. S. , Bearinger J. P. , Herberg J. L. , Marion J. E. , Wright W. J. , Evans C. L. , Maitland D. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAliphatic urethane polymers have been synthesized and characterized, using monomers with high molecular symmetry, to form amorphous networks with very uniform supermolecular structures, which can be used as photo‐thermally actuable shape memory polymers (SMPs). The monomers used include hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), trimethylhexamethylenediamine (TMHDI), N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (HPED), triethanolamine (TEA), and 1,3‐butanediol (BD). The new polymers were characterized by solvent extraction, NMR, XPS, UV/VIS, DSC, DMTA, and tensile testing. The resulting polymers were found to be single phase amorphous networks with very high gel fraction, excellent optical clarity, and extremely sharp single glass transitions in the range of 34–153°C. Thermomechanical testing of these materials confirms their excellent shape memory behavior, high recovery force, and low mechanical hysteresis (especially on multiple cycles), effectively behaving as ideal elastomers above Tg. We believe these materials represent a new and potentially important class of SMPs, and should be especially useful in applications such as biomedical microdevices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Aqueous reactive PU prepolymer containing sulfoisophthalate sodium for hydrophilic finishing and antistatic finishing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics
Authors: Yen Meng‐Shung , Huang Ching‐Nan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the study, we allowed PEG and dimethyl 5‐sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (SIP) to undergo transesterification to obtain PEG containing sulfonic groups (SE), then used SE and isophorone diisocyanate as soft and hard chains, respectively, and methyl ethyl ketoxime, hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2,3‐Epoxy‐1‐propanol as blocking reagents to synthesize three kinds of reactive urethane oligomers (MSE, HSE, and OSE). PET textiles treated by oligomers were investigated for their effects to the durable hydrophilic properties of PET fibers under different processing temperatures, time lengths, and oligomer concentrations. The results are concluded and described later: The add‐on and durability of processed fabrics both were improved following the rise of processing temperature and a longer processing time. When oligomer concentration was increased, the add‐on on processed textiles also increased, but their durability decreased. When PEG segment was larger, the add‐on and durability both decreased. The hydrophilicity of processed textiles was proportional to the increase of oligomer concentration. The processing time was more crucial to the hydrophilic property of HSE processed textiles, but for that of MSE, the processing temperature was more important. The hydrophilic property of OSE processed textiles absolutely depended on the add‐on of processed textiles. Textiles processed in oligomers of PEG molecular weight 1000 showed the highest vertical wicking height. Within these three kinds of oligomers, MSE led to the highest add‐on on processed textiles and HSE textiles possessed the best of durability. OSE processed textiles possessed the best hydrophilic efficiency and electrostatic dissipating property. Textiles processed in HSE containing PEG molecular weight 1000 could have the best hydrophilic and durability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Carvacrol losses from soy protein coated papers as a function of drying conditions
Authors: Chalier Pascale , Arfa Afef Ben , Preziosi‐Belloy Laurence , Gontard Nathalie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe influence of drying conditions (temperature/time) on carvacrol losses was investigated for antimicrobial packaging obtained by coating paper with soy protein solutions containing 30% of carvacrol (w/w of SPI) as antimicrobial agent. The lowest carvacrol losses ranging from 25 to 30% were obtained for three drying conditions: high temperature and short time 250°C for 20 s or mild conditions 50°C for 210 s and 25°C for 3 h. In contrast, intermediate drying conditions (100°C/90 s and 150°C/45 s) led to carvacrol losses higher than 50%. The weaker losses observed for drying at 250°C compared with the intermediate temperatures could be explained by the rapid formation of a thick and protective crust that acted as a selective membrane letting to past water and retaining carvacrol. For drying at 150°C, high losses were related to water vaporization and carvacrol carrying as attested by the presence of holes observed by SEM and due to bubble formation and bursting. If drying conditions affected the carvacrol losses and its retention from coated papers during storage at 30°C and 60% relative humidity, the antimicrobial activity was found only dependent on carvacrol amount of the coated papers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Functions of a man‐machine interactive information retrieval system
Authors: Williams J. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn effective man‐machine interactive retrieval system is not achieved by simply placing a terminal on each end of an existing machine retrieval system. An interactive system requires a sequence of steps in which man and machine alternately take action. It should also provide different levels of services to experienced and inexperienced searchers, recognize the difference between a narrow and broad query, furnish clues as to the next direction to be searched, reorganize the data base dynamically as the searcher changes his viewpoint, provide a ranking of responses in the most likely sequence and offer the searcher the option of overriding the ranking when a particular term is of extreme significance.An online interactive system meeting many of these needs has been developed and tested. The objectives of the development of this system, BROWSER, was to investigate the effectiveness of a free‐form query with a combinatorial search algorithm and the effectiveness of various techniques and components to facilitate online browsing.
Use of an automatic text analyzer in preparation of SDI profiles
Authors: Carroll John M. , Tague Jean M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe conventional method of preparing SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information) profiles often necessitates detailed interview sessions between the client and one or more information scientists. This research shows that by submitting samples of the client's recent professional reading material to automatic text analysis, SDI profiles can be prepared that result in significantly higher initial recall scores than do those prepared by conventional techniques; relevance scores are not significantly different.
On selecting a measure of retrieval effectiveness part II. Implementation of the philosophy
Authors: Cooper William S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt was argued in Part I (see JASIS, March‐April 1973 p. 87) that the best way to evaluate a retrieval system is, in principle at least, to elicit subjective estimates of the system's utility to its users, quantified in terms of the numbers of utiles (e.g. dollars) they would have been willing to give up in exchange for the privilege of using the system; and a naive methodology was outlined for evaluating retrieval systems on this basis. But the impracticality of the naive evaluation procedure as it stands raises the questions: How can one decide which practical measure is likely to yield results most closely resembling those of the naive methodology? And how can one tell whether the resemblance is close enough to make applying the measure worth while? In the present paper two kinds of solution to these problems are taken up. The first answers the questions in terms of the reasonableness of the simplifying assumptions needed to get from the naive measure to the proposed substitute. The second answers it by experimentation.
Transport von drückendem Wasser in Betonbauteilen
Authors: Rucker Petra , Beddoe Robin E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDer Einfluss von Wasserdruck auf den Transport von Feuchte durch Beton wurde untersucht. Dazu wurden die Aufnahme von drückendem Wasser und die Feuchteabgabe an der gegenüberliegenden trockenen Seite von Betonzylindern unterschiedlicher Höhe über einen Zeitraum von 500 Tagen gemessen. Zusätzlich wurde H1 Kernspinresonanz (NMR) eingesetzt, um direkt Wassereindringprofile in Mörtelprismen zu beobachten.Den Untersuchungen zufolge wird sowohl die Eindringtiefe als auch die Menge des aufgenommen Wassers durch die Selbstabdichtung des Betons begrenzt. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass der Feuchtetransport durch Bauteile aus WU‐Beton mit einer Dicke von mindestens 200 mm auch bei der Wirkung einer Druckwassersäule von 50 m vernachlässigbar gering ist. Ist ein Bauteil einer drückenden NaCl‐Lösung ausgesetzt, wird das Eindingen der Salzlösung ebenfalls durch die Selbstabdichtung reduziert. Im Vergleich zu Wasser dringen Salzlösungen langsamer ein und weniger Flüssigkeit wird aufgenommen.
Kein kritischer Wasserdampfdurchtritt in WU‐Betonkonstruktionen
Authors: Schäper Michael , Kreye Jörn 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBetonkonstruktionen in Grundwasser gemäß WU‐Richtlinie dürfen auf der Innenseite keine Nässe zeigen. Eine hochwertige Nutzung Weißer Wannen verlangt nun zusätzlich eine Begrenzung des Wasserdampfdurchtritts. Die Untersuchungen der Verfasser hatten gezeigt, dass es für rissfreien Beton, unter Wasserdruck bis 5 bar, mit w/z ≤0,6, h ≥20 cm und nicht zu geringer Ausgangsfeuchte zu keinem Feuchtestau hinter wasserdampfdichten Innenbeschichtungen kommt, dort also keine Osmose‐ Schädigung droht.Die nachstehend zunächst vorgestellten Feuchteprofile von Bohrkernen aus seit Jahrzehnten grundwasserberührten Konstruktionen bestätigen dies: Es sind mit und ohne Innenbeschichtung keinerlei Feuchtekonzentrationen in der inneren Hälfte der von außen grundwasserberührten Bodenplatten, hergestellt aus Beton mit hohem Wassereindringwiderstand, festzustellen. Die präsentierten neuen Laboruntersuchungen mit Messungen des Wasserdampfdurchtritts an Zylindern zeigen nun weiter, dass mit den vorgenannten, in herausgearbeiteten Bedingungen, selbst bei außen anstehender 50 m‐Wassersäule nur wenig Wasserdampf die Konstruktion durchdringt. Bei druckloser Wasserberührung (Fußbad) wurde kein Wasserdampfdurchtritt gemessen.
Zuschrift zu Henke, V., Empelmann, M.: Rissbreitenberechnung bei Kombibewehrung.
Authors: Vitt Gerhard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractZuschrift zuBeton‐ und Stahlbetonbau 102 (2007), Heft 2, S. 66–79. DOI:10.1002/best.200600532Erwiderung der Autoren
Stylized synthesis of facial speech motions
Authors: Pei Yuru , Zha Hongbin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStylized synthesis of facial speech motions is central to facial animation. Most synthesis algorithms put emphasis on the reasonable concatenation of captured motion segments. The dynamic modeling of speech units, e.g. visemes and visyllables (the visual appearance of a syllable), has not drawn much attention. In this paper, we address the fundamental issues regarding the stylized dynamic modeling of visyllables. The decomposable generalized model is learnt for the stylized motion synthesis. The visyllable modeling includes two parts: (1) A dynamic model for each kind of visyllable that is learnt based on a Gaussian Process Dynamical Model; (2) A multilinear model based unified mapping between the high dimensional observation space and low dimensional latent space. The dynamic visyllable model embeds the high dimensional motion data, and constructs the dynamic mapping in the latent space simultaneously. To generalize the visyllable model from several instances, the mapping coefficient matrices are assembled to a tensor, which is decomposed into independent modes, e.g. identity and uttering styles. Therefore, with the linear combination of components in each mode, the novel stylized motions can be synthesized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D paper‐cut modeling and animation
Authors: Li Yan , Yu Jinhui , Ma Kwan‐liu , Shi Jiaoying 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPaper‐cut is one of the most characteristic Chinese folk arts, often used during festivals and celebrations. Chinese artists have used paper‐cut to make animations. Typical paper‐cut artwork is made with 2D illustrations on paper, and making many frames necessary for an entire animation can be tedious and expensive. We present a system that allows a designer to directly annotate a 3D model with paper‐cut patterns, while still allowing for adding an artistic touch to the design. We have designed special motifs coupled with templates, resulting in a parameterized set of decorative paper‐cut patterns which give the artist flexible control and allow editing of the pattern size, orientation, and shape. The artist chooses a pattern and places the pattern on the model in the desired position. The system determines actual surface coverage and trims the object's surface geometry to simulate the cut‐out effect we observe in traditional 2D paper‐cut art. We demonstrate that our system allows faster and easier addition of paper‐cut decoration to 3D models compared to general purpose modeling tools, such as Maya. Animations made with the 3D paper‐cut models escape from the limitations of traditional 2D paper‐cut animation on the movement in perspective, furthermore, our system allows for easy pattern animations on 3D models, which is very powerful but hard to do with traditional paper‐cut animation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast smoke simulation of moving object
Authors: Zhou Yongxia , Sun Xiehua , Lan Xiangyang , Lin Shengyou 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe a novel method for efficiently controlling the smoke's shape. Given a moving object's shape sequence represented by a geometric model sequence, our method can generate a simulation in which smoke flows out somewhere and quickly forms shapes in sequence. It looks like a cloud of moving smoke that maintains fundamentally the object shapes and the fluid‐like behavior. By adding two control forces to the physics‐based free flow, the smoke shape can be controlled well while flowing. In our system, the free flow and the shape‐controlled flow can be easily switched to each other. The additional computation to controlling the shape is negligible compared with the free flow, and is less than that of previous work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protonenresonanz‐Untersuchungen an siebengliedrigen Ringverbindungen, I. Intramolekulare Beweglichkeit von Azepinen und Diazepinen
Authors: Mannschreck Albrecht , Rissmann Gisela , Vögtle Fritz , Wild Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Protonenresonanz‐Spektren der ungesättigten Siebenringe 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 und 11 wurden in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur gemessen. Diese Azepine und Diazepine liegen in der Wannenform vor, die ein rasches Umklappen der Moleküle, z. B. von 3 in 4, erlaubt. Die freien Enthalpien ΔG≠ der Aktivierung dieses Vorgangs wurden zu den sterischen und elektronischen Verhältnissen in Beziehung gebracht. Der ΔG≠‐Wert des Dibenzamils (2) ist um 4 kcal/Mol höher als der des Cycloheptatriens. Auch für das Azepin 13 wurde ein Umklappen wannenförmiger Moleküle wahrscheinlich gemacht.
Zur Theorie der α‐Ketosäuren, XV. IR‐Spektroskopische Untersuchungen der Stereochemie und Energieübertragung in intramolekularen Wasserstoffbrücken substituierter Phenylglyoxylsäuren
Authors: Oehme Günther , Fischer Gunter , Schellenberger Alfred 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie IR‐Spektren m‐ und p‐substituierter Phenylessig‐ und Phenylglyoxylsäuren werden im Bereich der Carbonyl‐und Hydroxylbanden verglichen. Die streng proportionalen Frequenzverschiebungen von α‐Carbonyl‐ und Hydroxylbanden im Falle der chelatisierten Phenyl‐glyoxylsäuren zeigen, daß die Wasserstoffbrücke zum π‐Elektronenpaar der Carbonylgruppe gebildet wird, und daß sowohl induktive wie konjugative Effekte über intramolekulare Wasserstoffbrücken mit hoher Empfindlichkeit vom Protonenacceptor zum ‐donator übertragen werden.
Zur Stokvis‐Reaktion (SR), 14. Methylen‐pyrrolone
Authors: von Dobeneck Henning , Schnierle Franz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAus Glyoxylsäure und Δ3‐Pyrrolonen‐(2) erhält man Carboxymethylen‐pyrrolone (1a–c). Diese können durch Bromierung in Mono‐ und Dibrommethylen‐pyrrolone (3 bzw. 5a–c) und durch Nitrierung in Nitromethylen‐pyrrolone (6a–c) übergeführt werden. Reduktion von 3.4‐Dimethyl‐brommethylen‐pyrrolon oder Decarboxylierung von 3.4‐Dimethyl‐carboxy‐methylen‐pyrrolon ergibt das 3.4‐Dimethyl‐5‐methylen‐Δ3‐pyrrolon‐(2) (7).
Eine Studie der Diels‐Alder‐Reaktions, VIII. 4‐Phenyl‐1.2.4‐triazolin‐dion‐(3.5) als Dienophil
Authors: Sauer Jürgen , Schröder Barbara 
Published: June 2007

Abstract4‐Phenyl‐1.2.4‐triazolin‐dion‐(3.5) (1) erweist sich bei kinetischen Messungen als hochaktives Dienophil, das Tetracyanäthylen in der Aktivität teilweise übertrifft. Seine Diels‐Alder‐Addukte mit 9.10‐Dialkoxy‐anthracenen sind extrem säurelabil und unterliegen Umlagerungen zu Anthrachinon‐Derivaten.
Umsetzungen von aliphatischen Diazoverbindungen mit Acetalen, Orthocarbonsäureestern und ihren Schwefelanaloga unter Lewis‐Säure‐Katalyse, VI. Einwirkung von Diazoessigsäure‐äthylester auf Aldehyd‐ und Keton‐dithioacetale
Authors: Schönberg Alexander , Praefcke Klaus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch Einwirkung der Thioacetale 1 bis 5 gemäß Schema (1) auf Diazoessigsäure‐äthylester (7) bei Gegenwart von katalytischen Mengen BF3‐ätherat wurden die Verbindungen 8 bis 12 erhalten. Ihre NMR‐Spektren stehen im Einklang mit den angenommenen Konstitutionen. Es werden die Grenzen der Titelreaktion dieser Serie festgelegt und mit sterischen Betrachtungen begründet.
Dimethoxycarben bei der Gasphasenpyrolyse eines 7.7‐Dimethoxy‐norbornadiens
Authors: Hoffmann Reinhard W. , Wünsche Christian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie massenspektrometrische Verfolgung der Gasphasenpyrolyse von 1, zu 2, zeigte, daß die Brücke des Norbornadien‐Systems als C3H6O2‐Molekül im Gasraum erscheint. Durch Bestimmung des Ionisationspotentials konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß es sich dabei um Methylacetat handelt, das aus dem primär zu erwartenden Dimethoxycarben durch Umlagerung hervorgeht.
Über β‐Lactame, IV1. Über die Halogenierung von 1‐Diäthylamino‐2‐phthalimido‐1‐aryl‐äthylenen
Authors: Paul Lieselotte , Schuster Eugen , Hilgetag Günter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Darstellung einiger 1‐Diäthylamino‐2‐phthalimido‐1‐aryl‐äthylene (3a–c) sowie ihre Bromierung und Chlorierung zu 4a–c und 5a–c werden beschrieben.
Die Infrarot‐Spektren einiger p‐Toluolsulfonyl‐Verbindungen
Authors: Rademacher Paul , Wiegräbe Winfried , Lüttke Wolfgang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Schwingungsspektren von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure‐methylester, p‐Toluolsulfonamid, N‐Methyl‐p‐toluolsulfonamid und von N.N‐Dimethyl‐p‐toluolsulfonamid werden, z. T. unter Zuhilfenahme der Frequenzverschiebungen isotop‐substituierter Moleküle, zugeordnet.
1.1‐Dicyan‐cyclopropane
Authors: Boldt Peter , Schulz Lothar , Etzemüller Jutta 
Published: June 2007

Abstract1.1‐Dicyan‐cyclopropan‐Derivate wurden in hoher Ausbeute dargestellt durch Addition von Brom‐dicyanmethan (1) an offenkettige Alkene und anschließende γ‐Eliminierung von Brom‐wasserstoff. — Die Addition von 1 an Tetramethyläthen ist eine radikalische, durch Licht geförderte Reaktion.
Organische Schwefelverbindungen, 82. Synthese und Reaktionen einiger Thiomalonsäure‐diäthylester und Dithiocarbonsäureester
Authors: Scheithauer Steffen , Mayer Roland 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Synthese der Thiomalonsäureester 1, 4, 5, 7 und 9 aus den Imidsäureestern 2, 4, 6 und 8 ferner Folgereaktionen mit Diazomethan, Brom, Acrylnitril, Acrylsäure‐äthylester, Valer‐aldehyd und Benzaldehyd, sowie die Hydrolyse und Amidolyse werden beschrieben. Der Dithiolester 7 ist reaktiver als der Monothiolester 1 baz. Malonester, und diese sind reaktiver als die Thionester 3, 5 und 9. Bei der Selbstkondensation von Dithioessigsäureester (23) ensteht unter H2S‐Abspaltung β‐Methylmercapto‐dithiocrotonsäureester (24) und unter Abspaltung von Methylmercaptan und Methan 5‐Methyl‐trithion (25). 23 bzw. Dithiobenzoe‐säureester (29) kondensieren glatt mit Benzylcyanid unter Eliminierung von Methylmercaptan zu den vollständig enthiolisierten Verbindungen 30a bzw. 30b.