bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic approach for the evaluation of minimal residual disease by multiparameter flow cytometry in leukemic B‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Pedreira C.E. , Costa E.S. , Almeida J. , Fernandez C. , Quijano S. , Flores J. , Barrena S. , Lecrevisse Q. , Van Dongen J.J.M. , Orfao A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMultiparameter flow cytometry has become an essential tool for monitoring response to therapy in hematological malignancies, including B‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (B‐CLPD). However, depending on the expertise of the operator minimal residual disease (MRD) can be misidentified, given that data analysis is based on the definition of expert‐based bidimensional plots, where an operator selects the subpopulations of interest. Here, we propose and evaluate a probabilistic approach based on pattern classification tools and the Bayes theorem, for automated analysis of flow cytometry data from a group of 50 B‐CLPD versus normal peripheral blood B‐cells under MRD conditions, with the aim of reducing operator‐associated subjectivity. The proposed approach provided a tool for MRD detection in B‐CLPD by flow cytometry with a sensitivity of ≤8 × 10−5 (median of ≤2 × 10−7). Furthermore, in 86% of B‐CLPD cases tested, no events corresponding to normal B‐cells were wrongly identified as belonging to the neoplastic B‐cell population at a level of ≤10−7. Thus, this approach based on the search for minimal numbers of neoplastic B‐cells similar to those detected at diagnosis could potentially be applied with both a high sensitivity and specificity to investigate for the presence of MRD in virtually all B‐CLPD. Further studies evaluating its efficiency in larger series of patients, where reactive conditions and non‐neoplastic disorders are also included, are required to confirm these results. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Techniques to improve the direct ex vivo detection of low frequency antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells with peptide‐major histocompatibility complex class I tetramers
Authors: Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Melenhorst J. Joseph , Ladell Kristin , Gostick Emma , Scheinberg Phillip , Barrett A. John , Wooldridge Linda , Roederer Mario , Sewell Andrew K. , Price David A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe ability to quantify and characterize antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells irrespective of functional readouts using fluorochrome‐conjugated peptide‐major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI) tetramers in conjunction with flow cytometry has transformed our understanding of cellular immune responses over the past decade. In the case of prevalent CD8+ T cell populations that engage cognate pMHCI tetramers with high avidities, direct ex vivo identification and subsequent data interpretation is relatively straightforward. However, the accurate identification of low frequency antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell populations can be complicated, especially in situations where T cell receptor‐mediated tetramer binding occurs at low avidities. Here, we highlight a few simple techniques that can be employed to improve the visual resolution, and hence the accurate quantification, of tetramer binding CD8+ T cell populations by flow cytometry. These methodological modifications enhance signal intensity, especially in the case of specific CD8+ T cell populations that bind cognate antigen with low avidities, minimize background noise, and enable improved discrimination of true pMHCI tetramer binding events from nonspecific uptake. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Exit‐Site Infection Due to Nontubercular Mycobacteria in an Immunocompromised Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Singh Harmeet , Saha Tapasi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are uncommon in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. They may present as exit‐site infection or peritonitis causing significant morbidity, sometimes resulting in loss of the PD catheter. There are no clear guidelines regarding the choice of antibiotics or duration of therapy. Often patients are treated with prolonged courses of antibiotics. We present a case of a human immunodeficiency virus–positive PD patient with NTM exit‐site infection along with a brief review of treatment and outcomes of previously reported NTM infections in PD patients.
ERK mediates activity dependent neuronal complexity via sustained activity and CREB‐mediated signaling
Authors: Ha Seungshin , Redmond Lori 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA major question in the process of dendrite development and complexity is not whether neuronal activity plays a role, but how it contributes to specific components of the mature dendrite pattern. Neurons interpret activity into the influx of calcium ions leading to activation of signaling pathways. The dynamics of calcium‐activated signaling pathways after neuronal activity and the contribution to formation of dendrite complexity remain unclear. Here, we show that one calcium activated signaling pathway, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), showed differential activity in cortical neurons. In response to depolarizing stimuli, ERK was active for less than an hour in most neurons, whereas in others ERK remained active for several hours. Further, neurons in which ERK activity was sustained, displayed greater dendrite complexity than neurons that did not display sustained ERK activity. Interestingly, this difference in dendrite complexity was detected in some, but not all, morphological parameters. Pharmacological inhibition of sustained ERK activity inhibited calcium‐activated dendrite complexity. Increasing the duration and degree of ERK phosphorylation, and thus activity, with dominant negative MAP kinase phosphatase‐1 accentuated dendrite complexity. Neurons in which ERK activity was sustained activated downstream nuclear targets including RSK, MSK, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), CRE‐mediated gene transcription, and stabilized c‐Fos. Further, the increase in dendrite complexity mediated by sustained ERK activity was inhibited by expression of a dominant negative CREB. These data indicate that ERK‐mediated activity induced dendrite complexity via sustained signaling and CREB‐mediated signaling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
The choices, choosing model of quality of life: description and rationale
Authors: Gurland Barry J. , Gurland Roni V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundA previous paper began with a critical review of current models and measures of quality of life and then proposed criteria for judging the relative merits of alternative models: preference was given to finding a model with explicit mechanisms, linkages to a science base, a means of identifying deficits amenable to rational restorative interventions, and with embedded values of the whole person. A conjectured model, based on the processes of accessing choices and choosing among them, matched the proposed criteria. The choices and choosing (c–c) process is an evolved adaptive mechanism dedicated to the pursuit of quality of life, driven by specific biological and psychological systems, and influenced also by social and environmental forces.ObjectiveIn this paper the c–c model is examined for its potential to strengthen the science base for the field of quality of life and thus to unify many approaches to concept and measurement.ConclusionsA third paper in this set will lay out a guide to applying the c–c model in evaluating impairments of quality of life and will tie this evaluation to corresponding interventions aimed at relieving restrictions or distortions of the c–c process; thus helping people to preserve and improve their quality of life. The fourth paper will demonstrate empirical analyses of the relationship between health imposed restrictions of options for living and conventional indicators of diminished quality of life. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with depression in Norwegian nursing homes
Authors: Barca Maria Lage , Selbæk Geir , Laks Jerson , Engedal Knut 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundDepression among patients in nursing homes is frequent and apparently underdiagnosed. Because depression is associated with negative outcomes, identification of groups at risk would improve the diagnosis and potentially improve the prognosis.AimTo confirm or reject the hypothesis that depression in nursing homes is associated with worse medical health, cognitive and functional impairment.MethodsA sample of 902 randomly selected nursing‐home patients was assessed using the Cornell Scale, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) the Self‐Maintenance Scale and a general measurement of medical health. Additionally, information was collected from the patients' records. A multiple linear regression was performed with the Cornell Scale total score, and mood and non‐mood subscale scores as the dependent variables.ResultsIn the adjusted analysis, depression according to the Cornell total score was associated with worse medical health (strongest) and worse cognitive impairment (p < 0.001), but not with worse functional impairment. The mood subscale score was associated with worse medical health (strongest, p = 0.001), pulmonary diseases (p = 0.007), being unmarried (p = 0.019) and female gender (p = 0.022), but not with worse cognitive impairment. The non‐mood subscale score was correlated with cognitive impairment (strongest, p < 0.001), worse medical health (p < 0.001), younger age (p = 0.001), digestive diseases (p = 0.033) and not having suffered from stroke (p = 0.045).ConclusionOur hypothesis was partially confirmed. Worse general medical health was the strongest factor associated with depression, followed by degree of cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was not associated with the mood subscale score, but was the strongest correlate for the non‐mood symptoms of the Cornell Scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of colorectal cancer by targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α
Authors: Schwartz Betty , Algamas‐Dimantov Anna , Hertz Rachel , Nataf Jennifer , Kerman Ayelet , Peri Irena , Bar‐Tana Jacob 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF‐4α) serves as target for fatty acid nutrients and xenobiotic amphipathic carboxylates and may account for the differential effects of dietary fatty acids on colorectal cancer (CRC). The putative role played by HNF‐4α in CRC has been verified here by evaluating the effect of HNF‐4α antagonists and HNF‐4α siRNA on CRC growth and proliferation in cultured CRC cells and xenotransplanted nude mice in vivo. HNF‐4α ligand antagonists of the MEDICA series, namely, β,β'‐tetramethylhexadecanedioic acid (M16ββ) and γ,γ'‐tetramethyloctadocanedioic acid (M18γγ) as well as HNF‐4α siRNA are shown here to inhibit growth and proliferation of HT29 and Caco2 CRC cells, accompanied by increased subG1 cell population, downregulated PCNA, activation of caspase‐3, upregulation of Bak and cytoplasmic cytochrome‐c, and downregulation of Bcl‐2 resulting in apoptotic death. Inhibition of CRC growth with concomitant apoptosis was further confirmed in nude mice xenotransplanted with HT29 CRC cells. CRC suppression by HNF‐4α ligand antagonists and by HNF‐4α siRNA was accounted for by suppression of HNF‐4α transcription and protein expression. α,α'‐tetrachlorotetradecanedioic acid (Cl‐DICA), a MEDICA analogue that fails to suppress HNF‐4α, was ineffective in suppressing growth of cultured or xenotransplanted HT29 CRC cells. Hence, increased transcriptional activity of HNF‐4α converging onto genes coding for antiapoptotic oncogenes and cytokines may promote CRC development. Suppression of HNF‐4α activity by natural or xenobiotic HNF‐4α ligand antagonists or by HNF‐4α siRNA may offer a treatment mode for CRC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Curriculum for the Hospitalized Aging Medical Patient program: A collaborative faculty development program for hospitalists, general internists, and geriatricians
Authors: Podrazik Paula M. , Levine Stacie , Smith Sandy , Scott Don , DuBeau Catherine E. , Baron Aliza , Whelan Chad , Johnson Julie , Cook Sandy , Arora Vineet , Meltzer David , Sachs Greg 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:The University of Chicago Curriculum for the Hospitalized Aging Medical Patient (CHAMP) faculty development program (FDP) is targeted at hospitalists and other internists who teach residents and students in the hospital setting. The aim of CHAMP is to increase the quantity and quality of teaching of geriatric medicine pertinent to the inpatient setting.METHODS:Hospitalist and general internist faculty members who attend on the University of Chicago Medicine teaching service were invited to participate. The CHAMP FDP consisted of twelve 4‐hour sessions. Two hours of each session covered inpatient geriatrics content, and 2 hours addressed improving clinical teaching (both general teaching skills and challenges specific to the inpatient wards) and teaching the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies with geriatrics content. The evaluation included a self‐report survey of the impact on the graduates' teaching and clinical practice.RESULTS:The FDP was piloted in early 2004 with a core group of geriatrics and hospitalist faculty. Three subsequent cohorts totaling 29 hospitalist and general internal medicine faculty members completed the FDP by the fall of 2006. Faculty participants evaluated the program positively, and significant improvements in knowledge, attitudes to geriatrics, and perceived behavior in teaching and practicing geriatrics skills were found.CONCLUSIONS:The integration of teaching techniques and geriatrics content was enthusiastically accepted by University of Chicago hospitalists and general internists who teach residents and medical students in the inpatient setting. The program has potential for widespread suitability to all teaching faculty who care for the older hospitalized patient. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Apparent diffusion coefficient: Prostate cancer versus noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region
Authors: Kim Jeoung Hyun , Kim Jeong Kon , Park Bum‐Woo , Kim Namkug , Cho Kyoung‐Sik 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate diagnostic performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating prostate cancer from noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region.Materials and MethodsIn 47 patients with diffusion‐weighted‐MR (b‐value, 0 and 1000 sec/mm2) on a 1.5 T unit, ADCs were measured in prostate cancer and in three noncancerous tissues (transitional zone, peripheral zone, and prostatic base). Diagnostic performance of ADC for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue was evaluated using receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) analysis.ResultsMean ADC of prostate cancer (0.963 × 10−3 mm2/s) was lower than those of all noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). In noncancerous tissue, ADC differed according to anatomical region (peripheral zone, 1.572 × 10−3 mm2/sec; transitional zone, 1.441 × 10−3 mm2/sec; prostatic base, 1.146 × 10−3 mm2/sec) (P < 0.01). ADC was lower in prostate cancer than in all noncancerous tissues in 34 (72%) patients. Area under the ROC curve for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue in prostatic base (0.725) was less than those for differentiating cancer from noncancerous tissue in peripheral (0.952) and transitional zones (0.906) (P < 0.05). Sensitivity differed according to anatomical region (peripheral zone, 98%; transitional zone, 82%; prostatic base, 66%) (P < 0.05).ConclusionVariable ADC in noncancerous tissue according to anatomical region may limit diagnostic performance of ADC for cancer detection. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formal definition and dating of the GSSP (Global Stratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records
Authors: Walker Mike , Johnsen Sigfus , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Popp Trevor , Steffensen Jørgen‐Peder , Gibbard Phil , Hoek Wim , Lowe John , Andrews John , Björck Svante , Cwynar Les C. , Hughen Konrad , Kershaw Peter , Kromer Bernd , Litt Thomas , Lowe David J. , Nakagawa Takeshi , Newnham Rewi , Schwander Jakob 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe Greenland ice core from NorthGRIP (NGRIP) contains a proxy climate record across the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Analysis of an array of physical and chemical parameters within the ice enables the base of the Holocene, as reflected in the first signs of climatic warming at the end of the Younger Dryas/Greenland Stadial 1 cold phase, to be located with a high degree of precision. This climatic event is most clearly reflected in an abrupt shift in deuterium excess values, accompanied by more gradual changes in δ18O, dust concentration, a range of chemical species, and annual layer thickness. A timescale based on multi‐parameter annual layer counting provides an age of 11 700 calendar yr b2 k (before AD 2000) for the base of the Holocene, with a maximum counting error of 99 yr. A proposal that an archived core from this unique sequence should constitute the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Holocene Series/Epoch (Quaternary System/Period) has been ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences. Five auxiliary stratotypes for the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary have also been recognised. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast three‐dimensional 1H MR spectroscopic imaging at 7 Tesla using “spectroscopic missing pulse – SSFP”
Authors: Schuster Christian , Dreher Wolfgang , Stadler Jörg , Bernarding Johannes , Leibfritz Dieter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe use of spectroscopic Missing Pulse ‐ SSFP (spMP‐SSFP) for fast three‐dimensional (3D) proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 7 Tesla (T) is demonstrated. Sequence modifications were required regarding the limits of the specific absorption rate as well as hardware limitations with respect to maximum B1 field strength and B0 gradient slew rate, as compared to previous studies performed at 3T. The combination of two spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses (with orthogonal slice orientation) and a dual‐band chemical shift selective RF pulse for simultaneous water and lipid suppression proved to enable fast 3D MRSI measurements of the brain of healthy volunteers. Using a total measurement time of approximately 8.5 minutes and a nominal and real voxel size of 0.62 cm3 and 2.6 cm3, respectively, signals of N‐acetyl aspartate, total creatine, choline containing compounds, myo‐inositol, and glutamate+glutamine could be detected. Magn Reson Med, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modified atmosphere packaging affects lipid oxidation, myofibrillar fragmentation index and eating quality of beef
Authors: Clausen Ina , Jakobsen Marianne , Ertbjerg Per , Madsen Niels T. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) systems applied during ageing and retail display on the quality of beef longissimus dorsi. The quality of the steaks was measured by sensory analysis, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS), myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), protein oxidation, weight loss, cooking loss and vitamin E content. The study included 11 different packaging systems investigated in two separate trials, using O2, CO2, N2gas and vacuum in combination or alone during ageing and retail display. In some systems, loins were sliced into steaks before packaging, and in other systems, loins were vacuum packed and aged for 14–18 days, and thereafter were sliced and repacked in different atmospheres. Systems including high O2MAP resulted in a large increase in warmed‐over flavour and in TBARS as well as a decrease in juiciness, tenderness and vitamin E content, compared to anaerobic systems. Also, MFI was lower in high O2MAP steaks, and an increase in protein oxidation was seen, suggesting that the decrease in meat tenderness was due to reduced proteolysis and/or protein oxidation. In addition, the cooked steaks of high O2MAP looked well done, although the internal temperature was only 62°C, indicating premature browning. Ageing of steaks in N2did not affect any measured parameter compared to vacuum thermoforming packed muscle. Steaks stored in vacuum skin pack for 20 days were less tender than steaks stored in 100% N2for 18 days followed by 2 days in atmospheric air. In conclusion, packaging in high O2concentrations compromises several aspects of meat quality. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization by mass spectrometry of an unknown polysiloxane sample used under uncontrolled medical conditions for cosmetic surgery
Authors: Schneider Cédric , Sablier Michel , Desmazières Bernard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor a complete understanding of the raw material used for cosmetic surgery under uncontrolled medical conditions, an unknown sample of polydimethylsiloxanes has been investigated utilizing a combination of analytical techniques: pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py/GC/MS), electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF)MS, and liquid chromatography (LC)/MS. Among these techniques, the LC/APCI‐MS coupling allowed the fastest and more effective analysis. In addition, the complexity of the mass spectra deduced from these LC/MS experiments was simplified compared to the mass spectra obtained by MALDI‐TOF. In this work, we have demonstrated how the LC/APCI‐MS coupling applied to polydimethylsiloxane samples permits the full characterization of samples where end groups of different nature can be present in very small quantities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolism of a sulfur‐containing heteroarotionoid antitumor agent, SHetA2, using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Zhongfa , Zhang Yilong , Hua Yousheng Frank , Covey Joseph M. , Benbrook Doris M. , Chan Kenneth K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSHetA2 {[(4‐nitrophenyl)amino][2,2,4,4‐tetramethylthiochroman‐6‐yl)amino]methanethione], NSC 726189}, a sulfur‐containing heteroarotinoid, selectively inhibits cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis without activation of nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs). The objective of this study was to investigate its in vitro metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes and in vivo metabolism in the mouse and rat using liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet/multi‐stage mass spectrometry (LC‐UV/MSn) on an ion‐trap mass spectrometer coupled with a photo‐diode array (PDA) detector. In vitro, in the absence of glutathione (GSH), oxidation of the four aliphatic methyl groups of SHetA2 yielded one mono‐, two di‐, and one tri‐hydroxylated SHetA2 metabolites, which were identified based on their UV and multi‐stage mass spectra. In the presence of GSH, in addition to these primary oxidative metabolites, four GSH adducts of SHetA2 and a novel rare form thioether GSH adduct was detected and characterized. In vivo, the monohydroxylated SHetA2 metabolites were also detected in mouse and rat plasma and two GSH adducts were detected in rat liver following intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration of SHetA2 at 40 mg/kg. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.