bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of artificial intelligence in Physical Therapy education
Authors: Lowe Scott William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
Recently, there has been significant discussion about artificial intelligence (AI) and Large-Language Models (LLMs) as they relate to teaching and learning. To date, literature exists about the role of AI in Physical Therapy treatment, but not Physical Therapy education. This review will identify the benefits of adapting AI into Physical Therapy education to better prepare the healthcare providers of tomorrow.

Rationale
Survey research shows that AI can improve access to information, increase productivity, and reduce errors. However, most also feel ill-informed on the topic. A majority agreed that AI concepts should be included in Physical Therapy education.
While valid concerns exist about AI sources giving false information, as well as the potential to use these services to plagiarize work, tools are already in existence to mitigate these issues.
Potential benefits of AI in Physical Therapy education include the ability to produce examples, provide different explanations, and assist in assessing student learning while providing immediate feedback on performance.

Discussion and conclusion
With the scope of AI rapidly expanding, we believe it is imperative for Physical Therapy educators to have access to current information about its potential benefits, uses, and limitations. While many professionals do not currently possess much knowledge on the topic, there is a growing consensus as to the role it will play in our profession in the future. While discussions of AI can raise more questions than answers, preparation now will reduce the need for urgent adaptations in the future.
Predicting the Stability of Lyophilized Human Serum Albumin Formulations Containing Sucrose and Trehalose Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy: Effect of Storage Temperature on 1H T1 Relaxation Times
Authors: Lay-Fortenbery Ashley , Tower Cole W. , Ezeajughi Ernest , Calahan Julie , Duru Chinwe , Matejtschuk Paul , Munson Eric J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn a lyophilized protein/disaccharide system, the ability of the disaccharide to form a homogeneous mixture with the protein and to slow the protein mobility dictates the stabilization potential of the formulation. Human serum albumin was lyophilized with sucrose or trehalose in histidine, phosphate, or citrate buffer. 1H T1 relaxation times were measured by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and were used to assess the homogeneity and mobility of the samples after zero, six, and twelve months at different temperatures. The mobility of the samples decreased after 6 and 12 months storage at elevated temperatures, consistent with structural relaxation of the amorphous disaccharide matrix. Formulations with sucrose had lower mobility and greater stability than formulations with trehalose.
The EU as a Political Determinant of Global Health: The Case of Research and Development Incentives for Orphan Medicines and Biotechnology
Authors: Perehudoff Katrina , Ippel Kaja Anastazja 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Context: The European Union (EU) governs global health through its constituent laws, institutions, actors, and policies. However, it is unclear whether or how these political factors interact to position the EU as a political determinant of global health.
Methods: The authors conduct a case study of the political factors influencing the adoption of the EU's Biotechnology Directive 98/44/EC and Orphan Medicines Regulation 141/2000.
Findings: The European Commission (EC) generally framed both of its proposals around economical and biomedical paradigms aligned with the needs of the EU's industry and patients, whereas the European Parliament (EP) contested some of these frames and proposed amendments supporting global access to medical products. The political factors influencing the adoption (in the Biotechnology Directive) or rejection (in the Orphan Regulation) of the EP's amendments include the complementarity between the EP and EC proposals, the EP's power in the intra- and interinstitutional negotiating process, the existence and support of civil society, and the alignment with member state priorities in the Council.
Conclusions: In the late 1990s, the EU was an internally fragmented and politicized player concerning global health matters. These political factors should be considered for a coherent post-2022 EU strategy on global health.
Checkmating the Nutri-Score: Will Food Patriotism Prevent the Harmonization of Front-of-Pack Labeling Schemes within the EU?
Authors: Ewert Benjamin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Front-of-pack labeling schemes are an effective but contested regulatory approach to nudge consumers toward healthy food choices. The Nutri-Score, being implemented by eight European countries, is one of the most elaborated and evidence-based examples. Therefore, the Nutri-Score has been deemed as the front-runner within the European Commission's attempt to harmonize front-of-pack labeling among European Union (EU) member states under its Farm-to-Fork strategy by the end of 2022. However, the endeavor is on the brink of failure because of massive resistance by Mediterranean member states and parts of the food industry capitalizing on patriotic narratives (e.g., “Made in Italy”). This article investigates the Nutri-Score saga from a political and commercial determinants of health lens. It argues that an EU-wide rollout of the label hinges on the specific interplay between political structures and stakeholder agency. As shown, the EU's weak decision-making power has been exploited by the No-Nutri-Score alliance.
A comparison of the clinical features of molar pregnancy in adolescents and adults
Authors: Özer Mehmet , Özer Pınar Tuğçe , Karaca Ibrahim , Yıldırım Karaca Suna , İleri Alper , Budak Adnan 
Published: April 2024

Objective: To compare the age-specific clinical features of molar pregnancy and to describe the risk factors associated with this situation.
Method: This retrospective case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. The participants included both adolescents (≤ 19 years) and adults with histologically confirmed hydatidiform moles in our institution between January 2015 and January 2022. The interventions and main outcome measures of this study involved evaluating the clinical and ultrasonographic features, as well as the risk factors, associated with molar pregnancies in adolescents.
Results: This study of 137 patients with molar pregnancy found that adults had a higher incidence of partial molar pregnancy (20 patients versus seven patients) and lower beta-hCG levels than adolescents (176.890.71 mIU/ml versus 253.734.47 mIU/ml). Adolescents had a higher likelihood of hyperthyroidism (25.4% versus 9.2%). bleeding on admission (4.2% versus 1.51%),. longer hospital stays (5.44 ± 2.73 days versus 3.59 ± 3.08 days). Higher rates of uterine enlargement and postoperative bleeding (15.5% versus 1.5%). Adolescents also required more analgesia (97% versus 89.4%).
Conclusions: Adolescents with Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) may present with more severe symptoms compared to adults, which can lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and risk factors for GTDs in this population. Increased awareness and education can help improve recognition and management of GTDs in adolescents and improve their overall health outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8383
How to cite this: Ozer M, Ozer PT, Karaca I, Karaca S, Ileri A, Budak A. A comparison of the clinical features of molar pregnancy in adolescents and adults. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.8383
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A fast-growing myxoma of the left atrium
Authors: Benko Jakub , Péč Martin Jozef , Cingel Marek , Jurica Jakub , Bolek Tomáš , Mokáň Marián , Samoš Matej 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Myxoma of the left atrium is a less typical cause of mitral obstruction. If this develops, a flash pulmonary oedema can be the first manifestation. Case description: We present a case report of a 50-year-old woman who was admitted to our internal department because of dyspnoea. The patient overcame a stroke three years before the index hospitalisation with a negative transthoracic echocardiography. By anamnesis and physical examination, an exacerbation of COPD was assumed, and the patient was treated accordingly. As the patient showed numerous risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, transthoracic echocardiography was performed. A large polypoid mass was found in the left atrium, which caused severe mitral obstruction. Subsequent transoesophageal echocardiography confirmed this finding. The patient underwent urgent cardiac surgery, and the tumour was successfully resected. A histological examination revealed a cardiac myxoma. After the cardiac surgery the patient felt well, and no recurrence of the tumour occurred. Conclusions: We provide a case report of a fast-growing myxoma that was incidentally found in a patient with dyspnoea. We highlight the fast growth rate of the tumour and the potential for misdiagnosed signs of pulmonary oedema caused by mitral obstruction.
Is it possible for a procedure to be just ‘skin deep’?
Authors: Auer Deborah 
Published: April 2024

Dr Deborah Auer discusses why practitioners should consider a robust assessment process This piece discusses the complexities that sometimes underlie a patient's request for procedures, highlighting the importance of practitioners having a robust and ethical assessment process in place. Research that links psychology with requests for procedures, more often than not, will consider how to assess for body dysmorphia in particular. This does have benefits in identifying patients for whom having a procedure may result in a poor outcome. However, often these measures and/or screening tools do not highlight the more nuanced difficulties a patient may have regarding their relationship with their body. Procedures have a twofold impact: firstly, on the external body that is shown to the world, and secondly, the internal part — an individual's psyche, self-esteem, body image and confidence ( Auer, 2018 ). Therefore, it is paramount that practitioners consider both the physical and psychological wellbeing of their patients.
Tradigital Humanities: Experiences in a context of change.
Authors: PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ Jordi 
Published: April 2024

Asumiendo un proverbio de Séneca —mientras enseñamos, aprendemos— debemos entender el oficio del historiador como una profesión en continua renovación, nutriéndonos de nuevos aspectos que mejoren la metodología y las técnicas de la ciencia, descartando aquellos que quedan obsoletos. Desde hace tres décadas, la aportación de metodologías provenientes de otras disciplinas, como la informática y los estudios de Humanidades han ido convergiendo en la disciplina conocida como Humanidades Digitales.
Aunque estas técnicas computacionales han introducido nuevos métodos para la identificación de patrones en los datos y prometen acelerar los procesos de análisis de la creciente masa de datos, divergen de la narrativa tradicional y sus métodos. En este sentido, experiencias recientes permiten discutir los beneficios y límites del vínculo entre métodos y técnicas tradicionales, por un lado, aquellas que son computacionales, por otro, a la hora de preparar resultados científicos. Así, creemos que sin perder de vista la esencia básica del historiador de sumergirse continuamente en la lectura y análisis de las fuentes, los cambios de paradigma de la ciencia pueden asumirse adoptando esta nueva técnica.
Ahora, con perspectiva, miramos los límites que la propia convergencia ofrece y aquí presentamos nuestra experiencia más reciente para mejorar su desempeño.
The effect on income of providing near vision correction to workers in Bangladesh: The THRIVE (Tradespeople and Hand-workers Rural Initiative for a Vision-enhanced Economy) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sehrin Farzana , Jin Ling , Naher Kamrun , Das Narayan Chandra , Chan Ving Fan , Li Dong Feng , Bergson Susan , Gudwin Ella , Clarke Mike , Stephan Tai , Congdon Nathan 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Presbyopia, the leading cause of vision impairment globally, is common during working years. However, no trials have assessed presbyopia’s impact on income.

Methods
In April 2017, we conducted a census among 59 Bangladesh villages to identify persons aged 35 to 65 years with presbyopia (presenting distance vision > = 6/12 bilaterally and correctable inability to see 6/13 at 40 cm with both eyes), who never had owned glasses. Participants were randomized (1:1) to receive immediate free reading glasses (intervention) or glasses delivered 8 months later (control). Visual demand of different jobs was stratified into three levels. Outcomes were between-group differences in the 8 month change in: self-reported monthly income (primary) and Near Vision Related Quality of Life (NVRQOL, secondary).

Results
Among 10,884 census participants, 3,655 (33.6%) met vision criteria and 863 (23.6%) comprised a sample enriched for near vision-intensive jobs, but 39 (4.52%) could not be reached. All participants allocated to intervention (n = 423, 51.3%) and control (n = 401, 48.7%) received the appropriate intervention, and follow-up was available for 93.4% and 96.8% respectively. Groups were similar at baseline in all characteristics: mean age was 47 years, 50% were male, 35% literate, and about half engaged in "most near vision-intensive" occupations. Glasses wear at 8-month follow-up was 88.3% and 7.81% in intervention and control respectively. At baseline, both the intervention and control groups had a self-reported median monthly income of US$35.3. At endline, the median income for the intervention group was US$47.1 compared with US$35.3 for control, a difference of 33.4%. Predictors of greater income increase in multivariate models included intervention group allocation (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12, 1.88, P = 0.005), male sex (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.84, 3.16, P <0.001), and not engaging in income-producing work at baseline (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.69, 3.26, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Provision of reading glasses increases income in near vision-intensive occupations, and may facilitate return to work for those currently unemployed.
Maternal outcomes of planned mode of delivery for term breech in nulliparous women
Authors: Caning Malene Mie , Rasmussen Steen Christian , Krebs Lone 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To estimate short- and long-term maternal complications in relation to planned mode of term breech delivery in first pregnancy.

Design
Register-based cohort study

Setting
Denmark

Population
Nulliparous women with singleton breech delivery at term between 1991 and 2018 (n = 30,778).

Methods
We used data from the Danish national health registries to identify nulliparous women with singleton breech presentation at term and their subsequent pregnancies. We performed logistic regression to compare the risks of maternal complications by planned mode of delivery. All data were proceeded and statistical analyses were performed in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA).

Main outcome measures
Postpartum hemorrhage, operative complications, puerperal infections in first pregnancy and uterine rupture, placenta previa, post-partum hemorrhage, hysterectomy and stillbirth in the subsequent two pregnancies.

Results
We identified 19,187 with planned cesarean and 9,681 with planned vaginal breech delivery of which 2,970 (30.7%) delivered vaginally. Planned cesarean significantly reduced the risk of postoperative infections (2.4% vs 3.9% adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.54 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.66) and surgical organ lesions (0.06% vs 0.1%; (aOR): 0.29 95% CI 0.11–0.76) compared to planned vaginal breech delivery. Planned cesarean delivery in the first pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of uterine rupture in the subsequent pregnancies but not with risk of postpartum hemorrhage, placenta previa, hysterectomy, or stillbirth.

Conclusion
Compared to planned vaginal breech delivery at term, nulliparous women with planned cesarean breech delivery have a significantly reduced risk of postoperative complications but a higher risk of uterine rupture in their subsequent pregnancies.
Sjögren’s syndrome and Parkinson’s Disease: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cai Xin , Jin Zexu , Zhang Shaoqin , Liu Jiajun , Jiang Zong , Tang Fang , Lan Tianzuo 
Published: April 2024

Background
Previous observational studies have reported an association between Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and an increased risk of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, the causal relationship between these conditions remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the causal impact of SS on the risk of developing PD, utilizing the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods
We conducted a bidirectional MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data. The primary analysis utilized the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Complementary methods, such as MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, weighted median, and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), were utilized to identify and correct for the presence of horizontal pleiotropy.

Results
The IVW MR analysis revealed no significant association between SS and PD (IVW: OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.94–1.07, P = 0.95). Likewise, the reverse MR analysis did not identify any significant causal relationship between PD and SS (IVW: OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.85–1.12, P = 0.73). The results from MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted mode approaches were consistent with the IVW method. Sensitivity analyses suggested that horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to introduce bias to the causal estimates.

Conclusion
This study does not provide evidence to support the assertion that SS has a conclusive impact on the risk of PD, which contradicts numerous existing observational reports. Further investigation is necessary to determine the possible mechanisms behind the associations observed in these observational studies.
Experiences of integrating a psychological intervention into a youth-led empowerment program targeting out-of-school adolescents, in urban informal settlements in Kenya: A qualitative study
Authors: Kangwana Beth , Mutahi Joan , Kumar Manasi 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Depression, anxiety and behavioural disorders are the leading causes of illness and disability in adolescents. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of integrating mental health services into a youth-led community-based intervention targeting out-of-school adolescents, residing in Kariobangi and Rhonda informal settlements in Kenya.

Method
Youth mentors were trained on the Bridging the Gaps (BTG) curriculum that integrated a modified version of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Problem Management Plus (PM+) psychological intervention into a sexual health, life-skills and financial education curriculum. Community lay mentors facilitated 72 weekly group sessions for 469 adolescent boys and girls, augmented with five enhanced one-on-one treatment sessions for those displaying signs of psychological distress. Adolescents displaying severe signs of psychological distress were referred directly to a primary health facility or connected to specialist services. A qualitative survey took place between February and March 2022, around four months before the end of the program. In-depth interviews were carried out with 44 adolescents, 7 partners, 19 parents and 11 stakeholders. Four focus group discussions were carried out with 17 mentors. Respondents were purposively selected to be interviewed based on their level of exposure to the intervention and ability to provide in-depth experiences. Themes focused on the program’s perceived effectiveness, ability to develop the capacity of lay mentors to address mental health issues, and increased access to mental health services.

Results
Adolescents reported that the intervention was able to improve their confidence in speaking up about their problems, equip them with essential first-aid skills to manage and treat anxiety or mild depression, provide them access to free one-on-one psychological help sessions, and increase their social network. Mentors were able to adhere to the core principles of psychological intervention delivery, providing preventative and treatment-focused psychosocial services. Furthermore, parents reported experiencing improved adolescent receptivity to parental suggestions or advice leading to improved parent-adolescent relationships. Mentors referred adolescents for a variety of reasons including severe mental illness, rape, and alcohol and substance use however, the high cost of transport was the main barrier limiting adolescents from following through with their referrals.

Conclusion
The findings demonstrate that integration of mental health services into community-based interventions is feasible and has benefits for adolescents, parents, and mentors.
Pérez-Muelas, P. (2023). Homo Viator. El descubrimiento del mundo a través de los viajeros
Authors: Martínez Muñoz María Fernanda 
Published: April 2024

Pérez-Muelas, P. (2023). Homo Viator. El descubrimiento del mundo a través de los viajeros. España: Siruela. Biblioteca de ensayo 136. (Serie mayor). 451 pp. ISBN 978-84-19744-43-2
INTERVENÇÕES FARMACÊUTICAS EM UNIDADE NEONATAL: UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Pedreira Silva Patricia , Freitas de Andrade Kaio Vinícius 
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre intervenções farmacêuticas (IFs) nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN), evidenciando as principais intervenções realizadas, medicamentos envolvidos e aceitabilidade pela equipe multiprofissional. Metodologia: Realizaram-se buscas de estudos sobre IFs nas bases de dados U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed®), Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS®), Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO®) e no portal da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), além de buscas manuais complementares no Google Acadêmico®, entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2022, sem restrição de período ou local das publicações. Resultados: As IFs mais prevalentes foram: ajuste de dose, orientação farmacêutica e mudança de aprazamento. Os principais medicamentos envolvidos foram os antimicrobianos, predominantemente aminoglicosídeos (gentamicina e amicacina). A principal forma de comunicação do farmacêutico com a equipe foi a presencial, seguida por telefone e forma escrita. A aceitabilidade das IFs pela equipe multiprofissional variou de 59,2% a 95,2%. Conclusão: Estudos sobre IFs em UTIN ainda são escassos. Esta revisão contribui para ampliação do conhecimento sobre a atuação do farmacêutico em Unidades Neonatais.