bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer with Aminoglutethimide
Authors: Kaye S. B. , Woods R. L. , Fox R. M. , Tattersall M. H. N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Thirty‐eight patients with advanced breast cancer, resistant to prior endocrine therapy and in most cases prior chemotherapy, were treated with aminoglutethimide, 250 mg qds. Seven of 30 evaluable patients (23%) responded. Six have subsequently relapsed with a mean duration of response of 17 weeks, while one continues to respond after 50 weeks of therapy. Six additional patients (20%) had stable disease during aminoglutethimide therapy (mean duration of 16 weeks). Three of the seven responders had shown a partial response, two had stable disease and two had progressive disease on prior endocrine therapy (including tamoxifen); six of the seven patients responding to aminoglutethimide had received prior combination chemotherapy, to which ail had responded.Aminoglutethimide was generally well tolerated, although three patients withdrew from treatment within the first two weeks because of intolerable drowsiness. Aminoglutethimide offers a useful alternative to surgical adrenalectomy for women with advanced breast cancer responsive to previous endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Clinical Improvement and Hormonal Changes in Severe Cardiac Failure after Captopril Treatment
Authors: McGrath B. P. , Denham I. M. , Johnston C. I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The effects of oral captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on cardiac function and on the renin‐angiotensinaldosterone system were examined in nine male patients with severe congestive cardiac failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV). All had been refractory to conventional therapy with bed rest and high dose frusemide and seven had failed to respond adequately to vasodilator therapy.One hour after the first dose of captopril (25 mg p.o.) there were significant falls in mean blood pressure (98±5 to 78±8 mmHg, P < 0.01), heart rate (88±5 to 79±4 beats/min, P < 0.01) and plasma angiotensin II (77±38 to 16±5pg/ml, P < 0.01); plasma renin concentration, initially very high (9.0±2.5 ng/ml/hour), increased further (11.9±2.7 ng/ml/hour).These changes were observed to persist during the first week of treatment. Urinary aldosterone excretion fell from 65±29 to 30±11 nmol/day on day 1 and further to 17±8 nmol/day after one week (P< 0.01). This was accompanied by both a natriuresis and a fall in potassium excretion. Creatinine clearance did not change. Rapid clinical improvement occurred in all but one patient who had severe aortic stenosis. Body weight fell (71.7±4.5 to 68.8±4.3 kg, P< 0.05), diuretic drugs were able to be reduced and, in the five patients in sinus rhythm, cardiac ejection fraction increased (13±2 to 17±2%, P<0.05) after one week's treatment. Three patients continued on longterm treatment have returned to work.Low dose oral captopril therapy blocks angiotensin converting enzyme, suppresses secondary hyperaldosteronism, prevents hypokalaemia and produces sustained improvement in cardiac performance in patients with severe refractory congestive cardiac failure. Orally‐active inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, of which captopril is the forerunner, appear to offer considerable therapeutic advantages in the treatment of cardiac failure.
Alcohol‐related Behaviour Patterns
Authors: Hammond S. B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Alcohol‐related behaviour patterns.When one tentatively accepts the evidence for possible genetic components in alcoholism and starts to speculate about the behavioural processes involved one faces the gap between alcoholism and alcohol related behaviour. There are four main ways of defining alcohol related behaviour, and each of these implies its own genetic themes. It is proposed to discuss these four approaches and then to turn for clarification to some longitudinal evidence on behavioural patterns related to alcohol consumption.
Zinc, Copper and Environmental Factors in the Aboriginal Peoples of the North West*
Authors: Cheek D. B. , Smith R. M. , Spargo R. M. , Francis N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Three‐hundred Aboriginal people five to 70 yr have been studied at three missions in the north west of Australia—Beagle Bay, Lombadina and One Arm Point. The prevalence of hypozincaemia and hyper‐cupraemia (a departure of more than 2 S.D. from the expected normal) has been assessed. Plasma iron concentration was determined. Half of the individuals had hypozincaemia and for some age groups the prevalence was greater (almost 100% for 15 to 20–year‐old females at Lombadina). Hypercupraemia was prevalent and ranged from 70 to 100% for most age groups. Hypoferraemia was detected frequently. By the use of anthropometric methods the children were found to be growth retarded and to have reduced weight for height.These people are known to be infected with intestinal parasites which cause bleeding into the bowel or malabsorption which can cause losses of zinc or failure of absorption. They prefer unleavened bread which contains phytic acid which inhibits zinc absorption. The soil is zinc deficient and the climate conducive to large losses of zinc in sweat. Geophagia is practised and pica is found to occur in children. Preliminary evidence of elevated copper status is available.We speculate that growth failure may be related to zinc deficiency or copper toxicity.
A COMPARISON OF PLASMA METHYLPREDNISOLONE CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING INTRA‐ARTICULAR INJECTION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: BERTOUCH J. V. , SALLUSTIO B. C. , MEFFIN P. J. , BROOKS P. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Plasma concentrations of methylprednisolone following intra‐articular injection were measured in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. While substantial plasma concentrations were seen in both groups of patients there was no significant difference in the rate or extent of absorption of methylprednisolone from osteoarthritic or rheumatoid knees. This study suggests that it is the dissolution rate of the steroid formulation rather than the characteristics of the synovial membrane which determine rate and extent of systemic absorption of methylprednisolone after intra‐articular injection.
THE INFLUENCE OF SMOKING ON THE HEALING OF DUODENAL ULCER TREATED WITH OXMETIDINE OR CIMETIDINE
Authors: HETZEL D. J. , KORMAN M. G. , HANSKY J. , SHEARMAN D. J. , EAVES E. R. , SCHMIDT G. T. , HECKER R. , FITCH R. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The influence of smoking on duodenal ulcer healing was examined during a double blind study of 83 patients randomly allocated to oxmetidine or cimetidine treatment. Smoking habits were recorded but patients were not advised to change these. Smokers and nonsmokers were similar clinically and did not differ in compliance with medication.Both H2‐receptor antagonists were equally effective and after four weeks of treatment ulcers were healed in 76% of patients. Ulcer healing occurred significantly less frequently in smokers (69%) than nonsmokers (89%). Smokers with healed ulcers consumed fewer cigarettes per day (mean ± SE: 15.8±1.4) than those whose ulcers did not heal (22.2±2.7). When smokers were grouped according to daily cigarette consumption, a direct relationship was found between increasing cigarette consumption and decreasing frequency of ulcer healing. No reduction in ulcer healing was apparent in patients who smoked nine cigarettes a day, or less. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13:687‐590.)
RAPID INTUBATION OF THE ILEO‐COLONIC REGION OF MAN*
Authors: KERLIN P. , TUCKER R. , PHILLIPS S. F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The relative inaccessibility of the ileo‐cecal region of man has restricted study of, and limited the information available on, normal functions of this region. Intubation of the distal bowel from above may be slow, even in the presence of normal patterns of motility in the stomach and small intestine. This report documents that addition of a small balloon at the “lead‐point” of the tube alters motor patterns and allows rapid transit to the colon.
OUTBREAK OF CO‐TRIMOXAZOLE‐ and GENTAMICIN‐RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA AEROGENES BACTEREMIA IN NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS RECEIVING ORAL CO‐TRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS
Authors: LEAHY M. F. , HUMBLE M. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Over a five‐day period, three neutropenic patients developed bacteremia with an identical strain of Klebsiella aerogenes (serotype K16) resistant to co‐trimoxazole and gentamicin. All three patients had received prophylaxis with oral co‐trimoxazole before the onset of bacteremia. This report outlines some of the problems associated with co‐trimoxazole prophylaxis. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 636–638.)
TEMPORAL ARTERITIS PRESENTING AS A SYMMETRICAL PERIPHERAL POLYARTHRITIS
Authors: SMITH M. D. , BROOKS P. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract::An 83 year old female presenting with a symmetrical peripheral polyarthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis, subsequently developed biopsy‐proven temporal arteritis. This case report draws attention to this uncommon presentation of temporal arteritis and briefly reviews common presenting features of this condition. (Aust NZ J Med 1983; 13: 639–640.)
CLINICAL FEATURES OF MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHY
Authors: BYRNE E. , BLUMBERGS P. C. , HALLPIKE J. F. , MUKHERJEE T. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Five patients with mitochondrial myopathy are discussed. Two presented with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), one with CPEO and retinitis pigmentosa, and two with Kearns‐Sayre syndrome. Ragged red fibres and intra‐mitochondrial para‐crystalline inclusions were found in each case. The clinical heterogeneity of the mitochondrial myopathy syndrome in the presence of identical pathological changes in skeletal muscle is emphasised.
LIFE EVENTS AND MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: MAGNI G. , CORFINI A. , BERTO F. , RIZZARDO R. , BOMBARDELLI S. , MIRAGLIA G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Life events reported to have occurred twelve months before the onset of the illness were compared in 55 in‐patients who had a first episode of myocardial infarction and 55 control in‐patients matched for age, sex, marital status and social class and afflicted with acute abdomen, trauma and multiple trauma.The Paykel interview for Recent Life Events was used.Myocardial infarction patients reported significantly more previous events than the control group (p<0.001) with more undesirable (p<0.01) and uncontrolled (p<0.01) events. Moreover, myocardial infarction patients had significantly more events (p<0.01) which had an “objective negative impact” (rated as being traumatic).These findings are consistent with the view that certain recent life events have a positive association with the onset of a first episode of myocardial infarction.
POST TRAUMATIC RENAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: ABRAMSON M. , GEE D. , JACKSON B. , JOHNSTON C. I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Two cases of hypertension following renal trauma are reported. In both cases, blood pressure was controlled with captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Mechanisms of hypertension following renal trauma are reviewed and the place of medical or surgical management discussed.
PATHOGENESIS OF ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS
Authors: WILSON J. S. , PIROLA R. C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis continues to be a puzzle. Of the many theories as to how alcohol might cause pancreatic damage, none satisfactorily explains why only a minority of alcoholics develop clinical pancreatitis. Hypertriglyceridemia and inherited factors could be important antecedents in some individuals, and high fat and protein diets may favour the development of the disease. Disturbances of the sphincter of Oddi have been postulated, but there are experimental and theoretical objections to the view that alcoholic pancreatitis generally results from sphincter dysfunction (obstruction‐hypersecretion, biliary‐pancreatic reflux and duodeno‐pancreatic reflux). Biochemical studies of the effect of alcohol on pancreatic tissue have so far been relatively unrewarding. The most widely held view is that alcohol causes the deposition of protein in peripheral ducts leading to obstruction, inflammation and degeneration. However, it remains to be shown that these deposits are the cause rather than a result of pancreatic inflammation. Research might be facilitated by the development of a suitable animal model of the disease.
ANALGESIC NEPHROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH PARACETAMOL
Authors: SEGASOTHY M. , TONG B. KONG CHlEW , KAMAL A. , MURAD Z. , SULEIMAN A. B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Seven cases of analgesic nephropathy due to excessive ingestion of paracetamol are reported. None of these patients had been taking any other analgesic. All had radiological features of papillary necrosis. With the increasing use of paracetamol as a mild analgesic it is necessary to be aware of the possibility that paracetamol may induce analgesic nephropathy.
CHANGES IN PLASMA CATECHOLAMINE LEVELS DURING HEMODIALYSIS
Authors: FREWIN D. B. , BARTHOLOMEUSZ F. D. L. , CUMMINGS M. F. , CLARKSON A. R. , BARRY L. A. , FURBER B. , LORENZO C. DE , JONSSON J. R. , TAYLOR W. B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The plasma concentrations of dopamine (DA), adrenaline (AD) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured during 29 routine hemodialysis (HD) treatments on 13 patients to determine whether any changes occurred in the concentrations of these substances during HD. All of the 13 patients studied demonstrated a fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) when HD was commenced. Decreased concentrations of all three catecholamines were also demonstrated after the first hour of dialysis. Plasma AD rose after two hours, but NA and DA were still significantly lower than pre‐dialysis values at the end of HD. Study of 12 further patients during the first hour of HD confirmed that the NA level had fallen significantly by the fifteenth minute of HD, while the DA and AD levels took somewhat longer to fall. Both NA and DA were present in the dialysate in substantial amounts. Although the fall in MAP which accompanies HD is probably multifactorial, the loss of plasma catecholamines during HD may possibly contribute to the hemodynamic changes.
REACTIVE ARTHRITIS
Authors: EDMONDS J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Although sometimes used to refer to any sterile arthritis occurring in association with infection, the term ‘reactive arthritis’ is better reserved for arthritis following sexually acquired nonspecific urethritis or enteric infections with organisms such as Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia and Campylobacter, because these arthropathies are unified by a number of shared clinical characteristics and an association with HLA B27. This review suggests that these arthropathies may also share a common pathogenic pathway, triggered by an ‘arthritogenic factor’ common to the diverse microbes which cause the disease and modified by genetic factors other than HLA B27. Although uncommon, reactive arthritis is important because it could provide the key to understanding the other seronegative arthropathies and mechanisms basic to chronic inflammatory synovitis. (Aust NZ J Med 1984; 14: 81–88.)
VEGETARIAN DIET, BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: ROUSE I. L. , BEILIN L. J. , ARMSTRONG B. K. , VANDONGEN R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:This paper reviews the association between a vegetarian diet and a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease investigated in a series of epidemiological and experimental studies. Ninety‐eight Seventh‐day Adventist “vegetarians” were similar to 113 Mormon omnivores for strength of religious affiliation, consumption of alcohol, tea and coffee and use of tobacco, but were significantly less obese and had significantly lower blood pressures adjusted for age, height and weight. A random sample of forty‐seven Adventist vegetarians had significantly lower home blood pressures, serum cholesterol levels and blood pressure responses to a cold‐pressor test than Mormon omnivores carefully matched for age, sex and Quetelet's index.In a controlled dietary intervention study mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and serum cholesterol fell significantly during feeding with a vegetarian diet — an effect unrelated to changes in other lifestyle factors.Dietary analysis indicated that a vegetarian diet provided more polyunsaturated fat, fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E, magnesium, calcium and potassium and significantly less total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol than an omnivore diet. There was no evidence for a difference between vegetarians and omnivores in levels of catecholamines, plasma renin activity, angiotensin 11, cortisol or serum and urinary prostanoids.
THE ROLE OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM IN THE CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: MORGAN T. , MYERS J. , TEOW B. HO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:When sodium intake was increased from 70–200 mmol/day in normotensive volunteers, their blood pressure rose by 6/4 mmHg. In most people over 50 years, blood pressure rose and it also rose in about 15% of younger people, Those who had a rise in blood pressure had a creatinine clearance lower than others when on a reduced sodium intake. In the sodium sensitive group creatinine clearance rose when sodium intake was increased. In the people with a rise in blood pressure there was a fall in plasma volume.Increased sodium intake altered a number of factors that control sodium transport across cell membranes. The changes are complex but suggest that genetically inherited and environmentally caused defects are necessary to allow hypertension to be expressed.Reduction of sodium intake reduced blood pressure in people with mild hypertension. Potassium interacted with sodium to reduce the rise in blood pressure caused by sodium.Sodium intake and blood pressure are linked by many mechanisms. If the intake is excessive for that individual or if there are defective control mechanisms, hypertension will result.
USE OF AN INTRAVENOUS SODIUM LOAD IN SCREENING FOR PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM
Authors: STOKES G. S. , MONAGHAN J. C. , MENNIE B. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A sodium loading test was performed in 35 patients presenting with hypertension and hypokalemia. In 14 of these patients, intravenous administration of 0.9% saline (2 I in 4 h) on two consecutive days caused urinary aldosterone excretion to fall to values within the range for normal volunteers. The other 21 patients, in whom urinary aldosterone excretion did not decline following two days of saline loading, or in whom pronounced hypokalemia after the first day of loading precluded further saline infusion, were designated as having primary aldosteronism. Seventeen of this group underwent surgery and discrete adrenal adenomas were found in 16. When serum potassium concentration, plasma renin activity or the relationships of serum potassium to concurrent urinary potassium excretion or of urinary aldosterone excretion to plasma renin activity were used as alternative diagnostic criteria for primary aldosteronism, overlapping of the two groups occurred. It is concluded that measurement of urinary aldosterone excretion after intravenous sodium loading is a useful test in the identification of primary aldosteronism due to aldosterone‐producing adenoma. In this series the saline loading test was more specific in diagnosis than criteria based on serum and urinary potassium, plasma renin activity or unsuppressed aldosterone excretion.
SEVERE THORACIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: McDONALD C. F. , BARTER C. E. , FRASER K. J. , HANAN J. A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The effects of corticosteroid administration to eight patients with severe thoracic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were assessed in a prospective study over a mean period of 26 months by serial measurements of respiratory function, ESR, and a clinical score. Initial assessment of respiratory function showed severe restrictive ventilatory defects and impairment of carbon monoxide uptake not wholly attributable to the small lung volumes. ESR and clinical score showed high correlation coefficients with FEV1 in all patients, with VC and TLC in seven patients, and with TLCO in four patients, indicating that changes of respiratory function were reflecting the activity of the disease. This study shows that in patients with severe thoracic SLE it is valid to use serial measurements of respiratory function to assess the response to treatment and that pronounced and sustained improvement of respiratory function can be expected.
VASCULITIS AND GLOMERULONEPHRITIS: A SUBGROUP WITH AN ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY
Authors: HALL J. B. , WADHAM B. McN. , WOOD C. J. , ASHTON V. , ADAM W. R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Four subjects whose plasma produced positive staining of neutrophil cytoplasm, on testing for antinuclear factor, have been found over eight years (and over 10 000 antinuclear factor studies). All four had evidence of diffuse systemic disease with polyarthralgia and lung involvement. Three of four (at least) had evidence of renal involvement and two of four skin biopsy evidence of vasculitis. Defining such a subgroup may help in defining etiology(s) and treatment regimes in diffuse vasculitic disease.
PARENTS WHO PHYSICALLY ABUSE THEIR CHILDREN
Authors: OATES R. K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Increased knowledge of child abuse has made what was once an infrequently diagnosed condition become recognised as a major pediatric and social problem. While there is no typical profile of an abusive parent, characteristics that have been found more frequently include a history of having been deprived and possibly abused in the parent's own childhood, low self‐esteem in the mother and increased ill‐health in the immediate family members. Personality testing shows that the parents relate poorly to their children and to other people and that they have immature and impetuous personalities. Predictive studies show that abuse is commoner in families where the above characteristics are found, where family supports are minimal and where there are complications in the pregnancy, birth and in the neonatal period. However it should be recognised that the majority of families with these characteristics do not abuse their children. There is evidence that supportive measures provided to families who have known risk factors for abuse can reduce the incidence of this problem.
ISCHEMIC HEPATITIS: CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS
Authors: GIBSON P. R. , DUDLEY F. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Nineteen episodes of ischemic hepatitis were diagnosed by hepatitic liver function tests and characteristic liver pathology in 17 patients.All patients had an acute illness associated with a likely fall in cardiac output although only five episodes were associated with documented hypotension. Right ventricular failure was severe in only four, mild in six, and absent in nine whilst left ventricular failure was clinically apparent in 16.The hepatitic illness was usually mild. No patient died as a direct result of hepatic damage, prognosis depending on the underlying cardiac or systemic disease. Liver function tests were characterised by a marked rise in serum transaminase levels with a parallel increase in serum lactic dehydrogenase of hepatic origin and a short time course of the enzyme elevation lasting 3 to 11 days.It is concluded that ischemic hepatitis (a) is' caused by poor hepatic perfusion associated with an acute fall in cardiac output; (b) is usually a subclinical illness with little influence on prognosis, and (c) may be accurately differentiated from viral hepatitis on clinical and biochemical criteria alone.