bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary fats on the incidence of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)‐anthracene‐induced tumors in rats
Authors: Hopkins G. J. , West C. E. , Hard G. C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFemale rats have been fed high fat diets containing either polyunsaturated or saturated fat. After being fed either of the diets for 4 weeks, some of the animals received an intragastric dose of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At this point, the diets of half of the animals were interchanged so that animals previously fed the polyunsaturated fat diet were fed the saturated fat diet and vice versa. The cumulative incidence of tumor‐bearing rats among DMBA‐dosed rats was greater when the polyunsaturated fat diet was fed. The mean induction time of tumors decreased and the proportion of tumor‐bearing rats which developed malignant tumors increased when the polyunsaturated fat diet was fed. This promotional effect of the polyunsaturated fat diet was exerted only when the diet was fed after DMBA administration.
Platelet‐activating factor regulates phospholipid metabolism in human neutrophils
Authors: Tou Jen‐sie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study extended the earlier finding that platelet‐activating factor (1‐O‐alkyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine) promotes arachidonic acid incorporation into neutrophil phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). In the present study the effect of PAF on fatty acid uptake by human neutrophils and the incorporation of extracellular linoleic acid and palmitic acid into phospholipids were investigated. Incubation of 10−7 M PAF with neutrophils and radiolabeled arachidonic acid or linoleic acid or palmitic acid for 1–10 min resulted in an increased rate of loss of label from the incubation medium. PAF stimulated the incorporation of linoleic acid and palmitic acid most significantly into PI and PC. The magnitude of stimulation was greater in PI than in PC for the incorporation of linoleic acid, and vice versa for the incorporation of palmitic acid. The positional distribution of linoleic acid and palmitic acid in PI and PC and the mass of these phospholipids were not altered in PAF‐stimulated neutrophils. An increased incorporation of all three fatty acids into both diacyl and alkylacyl species of PC was demonstrated after a two minute incubation of cells with PAF. While more radioactivity was recovered in the diacyl species, the magnitude of increase of radioactivity in the alkylacyl species was more pronounced than that in the diacyl species of PC. These results suggest that both increased fatty acid uptake and increased available lysophospholipids may be contributory to the increased phospholipid acylation induced by PAF.
α‐Glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity and levels of glyceride‐glycerol precursors in mouse mammary tissues
Authors: Rao G. Ananda , Abraham S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough α‐glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity in slow growing mouse mammary tumors is only 5% of that in normal mammary glands of lactating mice, the cellular concentration of α‐glycerolphosphate in both tissues is similar and is ca. 12 times that of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Thus a positive correlation between the activity of glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and the intracellular concentration of glyceride‐glycerol precursors could not be demonstrated.
Development changes in lipid composition of chick sciatic nerve myelin
Authors: Oulton Margaret , Mezei Catherine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMyelin isolated from the sciatic nerves of chicks by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient was found to undergo marked changes in lipid composition during development from the 18 day embryonic to the adult stage, particularly in the phospholipid and cerebroside content. Significant changes in the content of individual phospholipids were also noted.
Interview with Paul Oliver
Authors: HORN DAVID 
Published: January 2007

DH: Perhaps I could begin in the present and ask you how you see the status of the blues today in the black community in the US.PO: There are a number of black writers who are interested in the arts, but I don't think blues has any significance for the black community as a whole, as gospel still has. Gospel is held together by the religious side, it's a different kind of structure. Rap seems to have taken over, at least as far as the younger generations are concerned.DH: Do you sense any connection between rap and hip hop and the blues?PO: There are connections, certainly, but I don't know how significant they are. There are superficial connections – for example the ‘Stackolee’ theme runs through several rap songs – but I'm not sure that is of any depth of significance. But rap songs do provide opportunities for people to express themselves as individuals; otherwise, there isn't a music that does that. As much as anything it's a functional connection, therefore, rather than a stylistic one.DH: Rap lyrics are more outspoken in many ways than blues lyrics.
NMR characterization of the pH 4 β-intermediate of the prion protein: the N-terminal half of the protein remains unstructured and retains a high degree of flexibility
Authors: O'Sullivan Denis B. D. , Jones Christopher E. , Abdelraheim Salama R. , Thompsett Andrew R. , Brazier Marcus W. , Toms Harold , Brown David R. , Viles John H. 
Published: January 2007

Prion diseases are associated with the misfolding of the PrP (prion protein) from a largely α-helical isoform to a β-sheet-rich oligomer. CD has shown that lowering the pH to 4 under mildly denaturing conditions causes recombinant PrP to convert from an α-helical protein into one that contains a high proportion of β-sheet-like conformation. In the present study, we characterize this soluble pH 4 folding intermediate using NMR. 15N-HSQC (heteronuclear single-quantum correlation) studies with mPrP (mouse PrP)-(23–231) show that a total of 150 dispersed amide signals are resolved in the native form, whereas only 65 amide signals with little chemical shift dispersion are observable in the pH 4 form. Three-dimensional 15N-HSQC-TOCSY and NOESY spectra indicate that the observable residues are all assigned to amino acids in the N-terminus: residues 23–118. 15N transverse relaxation measurements indicate that these N-terminal residues are highly flexible with additional fast motions. These observations are confirmed via the use of truncated mPrP-(112–231), which shows only 16 15N-HSQC amide peaks at pH 4. The loss of signals from the C-terminus can be attributed to line broadening due to an increase in the molecular size of the oligomer or exchange broadening in a molten-globule state.
32
P-Postlabeling analysis of DNA adduction in mice by synthetic metabolites of the environmental carcinogen, 7
H
-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole: chromatographic evidence for 3-hydroxy-7
H
-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole being a proximate genotoxicant in liver but not skin
Authors: Schurdak Mark E. , Stong David B. , Warshawsky David , Randerath Kurt 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The DNA adduction by the environmental carcinogen 7 H -dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and chemically synthesized 2-OH, 3-OH, and 4-OH metabolites of DBC was investigated in liver and skin of female CD-1 mice. After topical application to the skin of 37 μmol/kg of DBC or the phenolic metabolites, DNA adducts were measured by a 32 P-post-labeling assay employing carrier-free [γ- 32 P]ATP and ATP-deficient conditions. In liver, DBC produced four major and several minor chromatographically distinct adducts of as yet undetermined chemical structure. The adduct pattern elicited by 3-OH-DBC was qualitatively similar to the DBC adduct pattern, while this was not the case for 2-OH-DBC and 4-OH-DBC. On the basis of co-chromatography experiments under various conditions, the DBC and 3-OH-DBC adducts appeared identical, and the total level of adduction elicited by these compounds in liver was substantial. Similar results were observed when DBC or 3-OH-DBC were administered i.p. As a major difference between the two compounds, one 3-OH-DBC adduct (no. 3) was 4.4- and 7.0-fold lower than the corresponding DBC adduct after i.p. and topical dosing, respectively. In skin, DBC produced two major adduct fractions after topical application, one of which could be chromatographically resolved into three subcomponents. Prominent adducts produced in skin DNA by each of the three metabolites were different from those elicited by DBC, and the level of adduction by the metabolites was significantly lower than that by DBC. Comparison of the skin and liver DBC-DNA adduct patterns after topical application of DBC showed that only one of the four major chromatographically resolved skin adducts corresponded to a major liver adduct (no. 3), and that total adduction in liver was 13.5-fold higher than in skin. These results suggested that (i) activation of DBC to DNA-binding compounds in liver occurs through at least two pathways with 3-OH-DBC being a proximate carcinogen involved in the formation of most of the adducts; (ii) 3-OH-DBC and the other two phenolic metabolites investigated play a minor role, if any, in the formation of DBC-DNA adducts in skin; (iii) metabolic activation of DBC to DNA-binding compounds in liver and skin appears to follow pathways that are different in terms of both the chemical nature and the amount of the adducts formed; and iv) DBC and 3-OH-DBC exhibit a strong preference for liver versus skin DNA.
Prostate-Specific Antigen as Predictor of Prostate Cancer in Black Men and White Men
Authors: Whittemore Alice S. , Lele Chitra , Friedman Gary D. , Stamey Thomas , Vogelman Joseph H. , Orentreich Norman 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
The increasing incidence of prostate cancer creates complex issues in health care management and cost containment. There is a need to evaluate serial measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a marker for long-term risk of clinically important prostate cancer (stages B through D).

Purpose
We used a nested case-control design within a retrospective cohort study to evaluate serial PSA concentrations in relation to subsequent prostate cancer diagnoses.

Methods
Participants included 40 black and 96 white men with subsequent diagnoses of prostate cancer and 84 black and 100 white men without such diagnoses (control subjects) in a multiphasic health screening program conducted by the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California. Serial serum samples were collected 1.5–23 years before prostate cancer diagnosis.

Results
Median serum PSA concentrations, specific for age and subsequent cancer status, were similar in blacks and whites. Concentrations in control subjects increased exponentially with age, with a doubling time of 24.9 years. Concentrations in men with stage A cancer were similar to those in control subjects. Until about 13 years before diagnosis, PSA in men with subsequent cancer stages B through D increased exponentially with age, with a doubling time similar to that of control subjects. Thereafter, the PSA concentrations increased exponentially, with a doubling time of 4.3 years. Rapid increase in PSA concentration started about 1.5 years earlier for men with stage D cancer than for men with stage B or C cancer. The single PSA measurement drawn closest to diagnosis was a more sensitive marker of stages B through D cancer within the next 7 years than was any index of change that also took account of earlier PSA readings.

Conclusions
These data suggest that 1) age-specific PSA concentrations are similar in black men and white men and 2) current PSA concentration, specific for age, outperforms changes in past concentrations in identifying the man who will develop stage B, C, or D cancer within 7 years, albeit at the cost of a slightly higher rate of false-positive results. This interpretation needs confirmation in other data containing many serial PSA measurements within a few years of diagnosis. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87:354-360,1995]
Planned Postradiotherapy Neck Dissection: Rationale and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Sewall Gregory K. , Palazzi‐Churas Kerrin L. , Richards Gregory M. , Hartig Gregory K. , Harari Paul M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: In this study, we examine pathology results and clinical outcome for patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who present with advanced neck disease and undergo planned postradiotherapy neck dissection.Study Design: Review of all patients with SCCHN treated with primary radiation (or chemoradiation) and postradiotherapy neck dissection at the University of Wisconsin between 1992 to 2005 was performed. One hundred seven neck dissections were identified in 93 patients, 79 unilateral and 14 bilateral. All major treatment and outcome parameters were examined with particular emphasis on the postradiotherapy neck dissection.Results: Thirty of 107 neck dissection specimens (28%) showed evidence of residual carcinoma on pathologic review. The mean number of lymph nodes identified at neck dissection for the entire cohort was 21 per specimen (range, 1–60) with 1.3 nodes per positive neck dissection demonstrating residual carcinoma. No correlation was found between the type of neck dissection performed and the presence of residual nodal disease. Eighty‐two evaluated patients (93%) remain free of regional disease recurrence, whereas six patients have subsequently manifested neck recurrence. Four of the six patients who developed regional recurrence showed residual carcinoma in their neck dissection specimen. Five of these patients underwent comprehensive neck dissection (levels I–V); one underwent selective neck dissection (<levels I–V).Conclusion: Approximately one‐fourth of the patients in this series showed pathologic evidence of residual carcinoma in the neck at the time of postradiotherapy neck dissection. The majority of these cases showed microscopic residual carcinoma in a single lymph node. Although in the early postradiotherapy setting, we cannot accurately predict the viability and growth potential of microscopic residual carcinoma in lymph nodes, these findings, combined with the modest overall morbidity of selective neck dissection, suggest that planned postradiotherapy neck dissection should be strongly considered for patients presenting with advanced neck disease. This remains a prevailing clinical practice at our institution.
Using a Virtual Reality Temporal Bone Simulator to Assess Otolaryngology Trainees
Authors: Zirkle Molly , Roberson David W. , Leuwer Rudolf , Dubrowski Adam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of computerized evaluation of resident performance using hand motion analysis on a virtual reality temporal bone (VR TB) simulator. We hypothesized that both computerized analysis and expert ratings would discriminate the performance of novices from experienced trainees. We also hypothesized that performance on the virtual reality temporal bone simulator (VR TB) would differentiate based on previous drilling experience.Study Design: The authors conducted a randomized, blind assessment study.Methods: Nineteen volunteers from the Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery training program at the University of Toronto drilled both a cadaveric TB and a simulated VR TB. Expert reviewers were asked to assess operative readiness of the trainee based on a blind video review of their performance. Computerized hand motion analysis of each participant's performance was conducted.Results: Expert raters were able to discriminate novices from experienced trainees (P < .05) on cadaveric temporal bones, and there was a trend toward discrimination on VR TB performance. Hand motion analysis showed that experienced trainees had better movement economy than novices (P < .05) on the VR TB.Conclusion: Performance, as measured by hand motion analysis on the VR TB simulator, reflects trainees' previous drilling experience. This study suggests that otolaryngology trainees could accomplish initial temporal bone training on a VR TB simulator, which can provide feedback to the trainee, and may reduce the need for constant faculty supervision and evaluation.
Wireless Video Capsule in Pediatric Patients With Functional Abdominal Pain
Authors: Shamir R , Hino B , Hartman C , Berkowitz D , Eshach‐Adiv O , Eliakim R 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTObjectives:Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]) has a limited role, if any, in the evaluation of functional abdominal pain (FAP). Nevertheless, children with intractable FAP are occasionally referred to EGD to rule out intestinal pathology. We evaluated the role of wireless video capsule endoscopy (VCE) in children referred for EGD with a diagnosis of FAP.Patients and Methods:Ten children older than 10 years of age were prospectively enrolled. Children were first studied with the PillCam SB (VCE; Given Imaging, Yokneam, Israel) followed by standard EGD within 2 weeks. After the completion of the study, a questionnaire of tolerance and content regarding the 2 procedures was completed by the patients.Results:Physical examinations and laboratory tests were within normal limits in all of the patients. Patients swallowed the endoscopic capsules without difficulty. There were no complications. VCE identified gastritis in 4 patients (confirmed by biopsies), whereas EGD detected erosive gastritis in only 1 of the 4 children. EGD detected no duodenal abnormalities. VCE detected Crohn disease in the small intestine and cecum in 1 patient. VCE was ranked by 8 patients as convenient and as a preferable procedure compared with EGD.Conclusion:The results of this small cohort suggest that in children with FAP, VCE is more sensitive than EGD for detection of macroscopic gastric and small bowel pathologies.
The clinical utility of ADAMTS13 activity, antigen and autoantibody assays in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Starke Richard , Machin Samuel , Scully Marie , Purdy Gordon , Mackie Ian 
Published: January 2007

SummaryThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) has been linked to a severe deficiency in ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) activity. Since the identification of ADAMTS13, and its target cleavage sequence in von Willebrand factor (VWF), several novel ADAMTS13 activity, antigen and autoantibody assays have been developed. Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of these novel assays. ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitors were measured by overnight incubation of patient plasma with pure VWF followed by multimer or collagen binding analysis. ADAMTS13 activity (Rapid peptide assay), antigen and immunoglobulin G anti‐ADAMTS13 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. 118 samples from seven TTP patients (six adult idiopathic, one congenital) were studied longitudinally during episodes of TTP, their treatment and prophylaxis. ADAMTS13 antigen levels varied considerably between patients and sample times, but in new cases of acute TTP, rapid assays of ADAMTS13 antigen, on serial samples, maybe helpful in confirming the diagnosis. The rapid peptide ADAMTS13 activity assay showed good concordance of results with the older activity assay methods. The change in ADAMTS13 activity mirrored the autoantibody level and in 5/6 acquired TTP cases, a fall in antibody appeared to predict a rise in ADAMTS13 activity, potentially allowing modification of patient management based on autoantibody levels.
Identification of occult metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma by pentagastrin‐stimulated intravenous calcitonin sampling followed by targeted surgery
Authors: Schott Matthias , Willenberg Holger S. , Sagert Cornelia , Nguyen Thi‐Bang‐Tam , Schinner Sven , Cohnen Mathias , Cupisti Kenko , Eisenberger Claus F. , Knoefel Wolfram T. , Scherbaum Werner A. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryBackground  High calcitonin (CT) serum levels suggest metastatic spread in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) after thyroidectomy. In limited disease stages, however, morphological investigations including ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG‐PET) may often fail to identify exact tumour sites.Objective  The aim of the present study was to establish an improved strategy to identify small cervical tumours by combining pentagastrin stimulation with bilateral cervical intravenous CT sampling followed by high‐resolution ultrasound.Design and patients  Six MTC patients were examined, of whom five patients already had bilateral neck dissection. Five patients had sporadic MTC, and one patient suffered from MEN2a.Results  Retrospective analysis of all patients revealed a highly sensitive positive correlation between an early calcitonin peak (20–40 s after pentagastrin injection) and site of cervical tumour affection. Postinterventional ultrasound examination of the affected regions of the neck revealed suspicious presence; in some cases small lymph nodes of less than 1 cm in size were then surgically excised. On histology, small tumours could be identified in four patients. Postsurgical examination revealed a clear decline of basal serum calcitonin levels in four patients (between −41% and −100%). In two patients CT normalized to baseline levels (< 10 pg/ml) and in another two patients CT rendered to near normal (14 and 17 pg/ml).Conclusion  Pentagastrin stimulation‐based intravenous catheter sampling may be beneficial in the diagnostic work‐up of MTC after thyroidectomy. Our data show that an early calcitonin peak (20–40 s after administration of pentagastrin) helps to identify tumour‐affected regions.
Association of COX‐2 expression with corresponding active and chronic inflammatory reactions in Barrett's metaplasia and progression to cancer
Authors: Ling F C , Baldus S E , Khochfar J , Xi H , Neiss S , Brabender J , Metzger R , Drebber U , Dienes H P , Bollschweiler E , Hoelscher A H , Schneider P M 
Published: January 2007

Aims:  Risk reduction for Barrett's cancer in individuals taking non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs has been reported. Cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, one of the inhibited enzymes, is putatively involved in Barrett's cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine a possible association between COX‐2 protein expression and the development and progression of the Barrett's metaplasia–dysplasia–carcinoma sequence and the type and degree of associated inflammatory reaction.Methods and results:  Squamous epithelium, metaplastic, low‐grade, high‐grade dysplastic lesions and tumour tissue of 49 resection specimens from patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma were immunohistochemically analysed. Active and chronic inflammatory reactions were classified according to the Updated Sydney System. Within the Barrett's sequence, a significant progressive increase in COX‐2 expression was identified (P < 0.0001). The most significant differences were detected between squamous epithelium and Barrett's metaplasia (P < 0.001) and from low‐ to high‐grade dysplasia (P < 0.0001). Active and chronic inflammation were significantly different between squamous epithelium and Barrett's metaplasia (P < 0.0001), but not during further progression in the sequence.Conclusions:  Increasing COX‐2 expression in Barrett's metaplasia is significantly associated with a change in the local inflammatory reaction, but not during further progression through dysplasia to cancer. This supports the potential of a chemoprevention strategy using COX‐2 inhibitors independent of the extent and type of the inflammatory reaction in Barrett's oesophagus.
Efficacy of topical eprinomectin in the treatment ofChorioptessp. infestation in alpacas and llamas
Authors: Plant Jon D. , Kutzler Michelle A. , Cebra Christopher K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChorioptessp. mite infestation is increasingly recognized as a cause of skin disease in New World camelids and there is a need for an effective treatment protocol to eliminate herd infestation. In this field trial, eprinomectin applied topically at the rate of 0.5 mg kg−1weekly for 10 weeks was found to be ineffective in a herd of 12 llamas and 16 alpacas.