bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building an innovative organization: consistent business and technology integration
Authors: Chapman Marc 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe IBM 2006 CEO study (which interviewed 765 CEOs, business executives and public sector leaders) took a comprehensive global look at a topic that is increasingly important to leaders worldwide: innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe study's findings covered three major areas, such as the value of external collaboration, the importance of business model innovation, and the need for consistent business and technology integration.FindingsTwo out of every three CEOs interviewed expect fundamental changes for their organizations over the next two years. Surprisingly undaunted by this challenge, they see innovation as a means to seize opportunities.Practical implicationsIn the IBM study: 76 percent of all CEOs ranked business partnerships and collaboration as important for innovation – but only half of the CEOs surveyed believed their organizations were collaborating beyond a moderate level. Only 14 percent of CEOs ranked internal R&D as a significant source for new ideas.Originality/valueApproximately one‐third of CEOs' innovation emphasis is now targeted at business model innovation – innovation in the structure and/or financial model of the business.
Novel anticancer agent, benzyldihydroxyoctenone, isolated from Streptomyces sp. causes G1 cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis of HeLa cells
Authors: Lee Chul‐Hoon , Lim Haeyoung , Moon Sangik , Shin Choonshik , Kim Seunghyun , Kim Bum‐Joon , Lim Yoongho 
Published: April 2007

In the course of screening for anticancer agents, a novel active compound, F3‐2‐5, was isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces sp., KACC91015. Its structure was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and molecular modeling experiments, and confirmed by total synthesis. The growth of various human cancer cell lines was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner by 0.06–0.48 mM F3‐2‐5 over 24 h. Its IC50 values were estimated at 37 µM on HeLa, 72 µM on A549, and 190 µM on HT‐29 cells. However, F3‐2‐5 had no antiproliferative effect on normal lymphocytes and normal fibroblasts used as controls. Moreover, it affected cell cycle regulation and caused apoptosis of the HeLa cells; chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were observed in cells exposed to 80 µM F3‐2‐5. Western blot analysis revealed that F3‐2‐5 inhibited phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and reduced expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase‐4 and ‐6, and cyclin D1 and E, while levels of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 increased. Taken together, these findings show that F3‐2‐5 inhibits proliferation of HeLa cells by inducing G1 phase arrest as a consequence of inhibition of pRb phosphorylation following up‐regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p53. Furthermore, apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with F3‐2‐5 was associated with an increase in Bax and p53, leading to release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase‐3, and ‐8, and cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 795–802)
Elimination of a specialised facultative symbiont does not affect the reproductive mode of its aphid host
Authors: SIMON J.‐C. , SAKURAI M. , BONHOMME J. , TSUCHIDA T. , KOGA R. , FUKATSU T. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract 1. Microorganisms that manipulate the reproduction of their hosts through diverse mechanisms including the induction of parthenogenesis are widespread among arthropods.2. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, shows a variation in its reproductive mode, with lineages reproducing by cyclical parthenogenesis (obligate alternation of parthenogenetic and sexual generations each year) and others by obligate parthenogenesis (continuous asexual reproduction all year round). In addition, the pea aphid harbours, along with Buchnera the primary aphid endosymbiont, several facultative symbionts whose prevalence differs among host populations.3. The possible influence of a Rickettsia facultative symbiont on the reproductive mode of its host was tested on two pea aphid clones by comparing the response of infected and uninfected individuals with the same genetic background to conditions that typically induce the production of sexual morphs.4. No significant effect of the Rickettsia infection was found on the type of reproductive morphs produced (sexual vs. asexual) or on their quantities for the two clones.5. However, the Rickettsia had a detrimental effect on the fitness of its aphid host, in apparent contradiction to the high prevalence of this symbiont in some host populations. It is suggested that this negative impact may disappear under specific environmental conditions, transforming a parasitic association into a mutualistic one.
Characterization of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog expression in the mosquito Aedes aegypti: Six splice variants with developmental and tissue specificity
Authors: Riehle Michael A. , Brown Jessica M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), an inhibitor of insulin signalling, was characterized in Aedes aegypti. Surprisingly, six splice variants were identified: three with alternative terminal exons (AaegPTEN2 : 3 : 6) and three formed by intron retention (AaegPTEN1 : 4 : 5). All variants encoded active phosphatase domains. Variants with alternative terminal exons also encoded C2 and COOH‐domains, and AaegPTEN6 encoded a PDZ binding motif. These three variants also had unique expression patterns. AaegPTEN2 was expressed primarily in the ovary. AaegPTEN3 was predominant in heads and midguts, and throughout development, except early embryogenesis. AaegPTEN6 was expressed in fat body, ovaries, and throughout development. Intron retention variants were weakly expressed in most samples. These expression patterns suggest that AaegPTEN variants play unique roles in regulating insulin's pleiotropic effects.
Impaired subcutaneous adipocyte lipogenesis is associated with systemic insulin resistance and increased apolipoprotein B/AI ratio in men and women
Authors: Hoffstedt J. , Förster D. , Löfgren P. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.Objectives.  To study the association between subcutaneous fat cell lipogenesis and components of the metabolic syndrome (systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension).Design and setting.  A university hospital‐based cross‐sectional study of 383 subjects (303 women and 80 men) with a wide range of BMI (18–53 kg m−2).Results.  Strong negative correlations between in vitro fat cell lipogenesis (basal and after maximal insulin stimulation) and HOMA‐IR were present in both genders (r = −0.42 to −0.56, P < 0.0001 and r = −0.37 to −0.44, P < 0.001, for women and men respectively). Insulin sensitivity measured using the insulin tolerance test (KITT) was also correlated with adipocyte lipogenesis (r = 0.47–0.57, P < 0.0001, women, r = 0.52–0.70, P < 0.001, men). Plasma apolipoprotein B/AI‐ratio negatively associated with fat cell lipogenesis in women (r = −0.41 to−0.51, P < 0.0001,) and men (r = −0.49 to −0.55, P < 0.0001). The negative relationship of fat cell lipogenesis with blood pressure was significant in women (r = −0.27 to −0.28, P < 0.0002,) but not in men (P = 0.08–0.09). All correlations remained significant after adjusting for differences in fat cell volume, body mass index, waist‐ to hip‐ ratio or age (P < 0.01).Conclusions.  Subcutaneous adipocyte lipogenesis is negatively associated with systemic insulin resistance, plasma apolipoprotein B/AI‐ratio and blood pressure supporting the view that impaired fat cell function per se may contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome.
Size at birth and its relation to muscle strength in young adult women
Authors: Inskip H. M. , Godfrey K. M. , Martin H. J. , Simmonds S. J. , Cooper C. , Aihie Sayer A. ,   the Southampton Women's Survey Study Group
Published: April 2007

Abstract.Objective.  To assess the relationship between development in utero, assessed by birth weight, and muscle strength in young adult women as assessed by grip strength.Methods.  A total of 1563 participants aged 20–40 years in the Southampton Women's Survey had their grip strength measured during pregnancy. At recruitment to the survey the women had been asked to recall their birth weight or obtain it from their parents. For 536 women born in Southampton, birth weight was obtained from hospital records. Grip strength was related to birth weight using multiple linear regression analysis, adjusting for age, height, weight and reported physical activity.Results.  Grip strength increased with age, height, weight, physical activity and birth weight. In the mutually‐adjusted model, grip strength increased by 1.10 kg per kilogram of birth weight (95% CI: 0.58–1.61 kg). In women with hospital birth weight data the relationship strengthened to 1.44 kg per kilogram of birth weight (95% CI: 0.50–2.38 kg).Conclusions.  Grip strength in women in their twenties and thirties is at or approaching its peak. The association between grip strength and birth weight was remarkably similar to findings from other studies of women at younger and older ages. This indicates that in utero development has consequences for muscle strength throughout the life course, even allowing for the increase to peak muscle strength and then its decline as a woman ages.
Psychosocial adjustment and physical health of children living with maternal chronic pain
Authors: Evans Subhadra , Keenan Thomas R , Shipton Edward A 
Published: April 2007

Aim:  There is limited research examining the functioning of children living with parental chronic pain and illness. The aim of this study was to examine the psychosocial adjustment and physical health of children living with a mother experiencing chronic pain.Methods:  One‐hundred and three children aged 6–12 years served as participants, with approximately equal numbers of children in maternal chronic pain (n = 55) and control groups (n = 48). Children completed self‐reports about their internalising behaviour, health and attachment security. Mothers, fathers and teachers completed questionnaires relating to children’s internalising and externalising behaviour, social behaviour and physical health.Results:  Reports from children, mothers and fathers indicated significantly more internalising, externalising, insecure attachment and social and health problems for children in the maternal chronic pain group compared with control children. Teachers reported decreased social skills and increased pain complaints for children in the maternal chronic pain group. Boys in the maternal chronic pain group appear to be affected more than girls. Boys reported more anxiety and insecure attachment, while mothers reported greater social problems and increased illness behaviour for boys. Characteristics of the mother’s pain condition, such as, severity, length and frequency were generally unrelated to child functioning.Conclusions:  The study demonstrates the importance of maternal and family variables to child outcomes. The results are discussed in terms of maternal chronic pain comprising a considerable, yet rarely studied, influence in the lives of young children.
Early infant crying and sleeping problems: A pilot study of impact on parental well‐being and parent‐endorsed strategies for management
Authors: Smart Jayne , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: April 2007

Aims:  Infant sleeping and crying problems are common and impact adversely on maternal mental health but their impact on paternal mental health is unknown. A consistent approach to managing such problems has not been identified. Parents may be able to identify useful management strategies, which could then inform the content of a prevention/early intervention approach to such problems. We aimed to determine the impact of infant behaviour problems on maternal and paternal mental health and management strategies that parents find useful.Methods:  Design: Pre–post intervention pilot. Setting: Paediatric outpatient clinic at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. Participants: 71 mothers and 60 fathers of infants aged 2 weeks to 7 months recruited from July 2004 to April 2005. Main outcome measures: Pre and post questionnaires measuring maternal and paternal well‐being (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)), parent report of infant behaviour problems, usefulness of consultation strategies.Results:  Three weeks post consultation, fewer parents reported that their infant’s behaviour was still a problem (64% of mothers and 55% of fathers). Thirty per cent fewer mothers reported an EPDS score >12 (45% pre vs. 15% post clinic) while 11% fewer fathers reported an EPDS score >9 (30% pre vs. 19% post clinic). Most parents (80% or more) rated exclusion of medical causes and information about normal sleeping/crying as useful.Conclusions:  Problem infant behaviours are associated with poor parental mental health. An intervention/prevention approach to infant behaviour problems should include fathers and contain information about normal infant sleeping and crying patterns and exclusion of medical causes.
Birthweight and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in Japanese schoolchildren
Authors: KANESHI TAKUYA , YOSHIDA TOMOHIDE , OHSHIRO TATSUO , NAGASAKI HIRAKU , ASATO YOSHIHIDE , OHTA TAKAO 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: Low birthweight (LBW) is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (ACHD) later in life. However, little information is currently available on the relationship between birthweight (BW) and risk factors for ACHD in children.Methods: The relationship between BW and risk factors for ACHD was evaluated in 330 Japanese children (187 boys and 143 girls) aged between 7 and 12 years, who underwent screening for lifestyle‐related diseases in Okinawa, Japan. Routine chemical methods were used to determine the serum concentrations of lipids, apolipoproteins, uric acid and glucose. Serum insulin and adiponectin were measured by sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: BW was significantly correlated with serum concentrations of adiponectin (r= 0.163, P= 0.003) and uric acid (r=−0.166. P= 0.003), but not with insulin, lipids or apolipoproteins. These correlations were still significant even after adjusting for age, gender and body mass index (BMI) percentile (BW and adiponectin, r= 0.239, P= 0.000; BW and uric acid, r=−0.247, P= 0.000). In addition, BW was correlated with high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) only after adjusting for age, gender and BMI percentile (r= 0.117, P= 0.034). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, BW was a significant predictive variable for adiponectin and uric acid. However, weight velocity (weight gain/year) was a stronger predictive variable than BW for both adiponectin and uric acid. BW was not a significant predictive variable for HDL‐C. Adiponectin was the strongest predictive variable for HDL‐C.Conclusion: BW is related to serum concentrations of adiponectin and uric acid. However, weight velocity was a stronger determinant of serum adiponectin and uric acid levels than BW in Japanese schoolchildren. Thus, it may be important to control weight gain to prevent the development of ACHD in children, especially in children with LBW.
Hindmilk and weight gain in preterm very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: OGECHI AMALI‐ADEKWU , WILLIAM OGALA , FIDELIA BODE‐THOMAS 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: Feeding of own mother’s milk to preterm very low‐birthweight infants often results in suboptimal weight gain in these infants for whom energy requirements are high but in whom volume tolerance is limited. Therefore the purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of selective hindmilk feeding on the growth of preterm very low‐birthweight babies.Methods: Preterm very low‐birthweight babies admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between April 2000 and July 2001 were randomized to hindmilk and composite breast milk feeding for 2 weeks. End‐points were weight, occipitofrontal head circumference and length.Results: For small‐for‐gestational‐age babies, the infants fed on hindmilk gained weight at a mean rate of 12.92 ± 10.95 g/kg per day as compared with a mean rate of 5.01 ± 17.37 g/kg per day for their controls on composite milk (P < 0.0001). For appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age babies, the mean rate of weight gain for the hindmilk group was 12.99 ± 10.75 g/kg per day while that for their controls on composite milk was 8.29 ± 20.56 g/kg per day (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rates of increase in length and occipitofrontal head circumference between the groups. The lipid content of the hindmilk was 1.6‐fold that of composite milk.Conclusion: Preterm very low‐birthweight babies fed hindmilk had a higher rate of weight gain compared to those fed composite milk. It is recommended that the hindmilk fraction of expressed breast milk be predominantly used for the feeding of preterm very low‐birthweight babies while in hospital to help shorten their duration of hospital stay.
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated non‐compaction of the ventricular myocardium: Study of six cases
Authors: ÖZKUTLU SÜHEYLA , BOSTAN ÖZLEM , KARAGÖZ TEVFIK , DEREN ÖZGÜR , TEKINALP GÜLSEVIN 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: Isolated non‐compaction of the ventricular myocardium (INVM) is characterized by prominent and excessive trabeculations in one or more ventricular wall segments, with deep intertrabecular recesses communicating directly with the ventricular cavities. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the 2‐D echocardiographic features. Despite the fact that many cases of INVM have been reported in children and adults since the initial description of the disease, it has been diagnosed in only a few fetuses up to now. Therefore, failure to diagnose on fetal echocardiography is probably more common. There are different opinions about diagnosis of INVM on fetal echocardiography.Method: In the present study, six cases of fetal INVM diagnosed between 1999 and 2004 were evaluated for prenatal diagnosis, clinical features and natural course.Results: In four cases, diagnosis was made in the prenatal period, and in the other two cases it was done on postnatal echocardiography at the first day of life. Careful reevaluation of these two patient’s fetal echocardiographic recordings confirmed the postnatal diagnosis retrospectively.Conclusions: The examiner should be aware of the existence of this rare anomaly. If echocardiographic examination shows ventricular hypertrophy and/or poor ventricular function, INVM should be considered and in order to see recesses, ventricle walls should be investigated by zooming in and comparing frame by frame.
Human heme oxygenase‐1 deficiency: A lesson on serendipity in the discovery of the novel disease
Authors: KOIZUMI SHOICHI 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe first case of human heme oxygenase (HO)‐1 deficiency was reported by Yachie et al. at our laboratory in the Department of Pediatrics, Angiogenesis and Vascular Development, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, in 1999. In the present paper I would like to review this novel disease. Our studies into HO‐1 deficiency were called by us ‘Kanazawa version Project X’. From the story of our successful discovery we have learned that serendipity is a very important spiritual factor. Serendipity is the making of fortunate and unexpected discoveries by chance (from its possession by the heroes in the Persian fairy tale The Three Princes of Serendip).
Risk factors for protein–energy malnutrition in children under 5 years: Study from Luangprabang province, Laos
Authors: PHENGXAY MANILAY , ALI MOAZZAM , YAGYU FUMIHIRO , SOULIVANH PHENGXAY , KUROIWA CHUSHI , USHIJIMA HIROSHI 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: Laos is one of the poorest countries in which chronic malnutrition is highest. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of and to identify risk factors associated with protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) in children under 5 years of age in Luangprabang province, Laos.Methods: This cross‐sectional study was undertaken from March to May 2004. Anthropometric measurements of 798 children were done and data were transformed into height‐for‐age, weight‐for‐age and weight‐for‐height ratios. Mothers were also interviewed with a semi‐structured questionnaire. Anthropometric data were entered into Nutstat in Epi‐Info 2000 and transferred to SPSS for analysis.Results: There was a high prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting, that is, 54.6%, 35%, and 6% respectively. It was also noted that children aged 12–23 months and Khmu ethnic children had a higher prevalence of stunting (65% and 66%) and underweight (45% and 40%), respectively. However, it was also found that boys were more prone to be stunted and underweight. Furthermore, restricted intake of meats, vegetables during illness, and low maternal education were main risk factors for child malnutrition in the study area.Conclusion: Socioeconomic‐demographic factors, low maternal education, poor nutrition knowledge for mother and feeding practices for sick children are affecting children’s health regarding stunting and underweight. It is recommended that an improvement in societal infrastructure, better maternal education and nutrition are needed to address the child malnutrition issue.
Factors determining prenatal HIV testing for prevention of mother to child transmission in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: KOMINAMI MAYUMI , KAWATA KIMIKO , ALI MOAZZAM , MEENA HENRY , USHIJIMA HIROSHI 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground: The objectives of the study were (i) to evaluate the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) services in Temeke district, Tanzania and (ii) to identify factors for non‐acceptance of HIV testing among pregnant mothers in the area.Methods: A structured questionnaire was used in face‐to‐face interviews at five health centers in the district. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of the refusal of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing with risk factors.Results: Two hundred and seventy‐three (68.1%) of the participants had already had HIV testing, while 128 (31.9%) had not. Participants’ general knowledge of HIV was high, but specific knowledge of mother to child transmission (MTCT) was relatively low. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, frequencies of antenatal clinic visits, awareness of MTCT and intensive family support were significantly and inversely associated with the refusal of HIV testing.Conclusions: Frequency of antenatal care visits, spreading information on HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome especially MTCT, and husbands’ intensive support are significant factors for increase of HIV test acceptance among pregnant women in the study area.