bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal mask ventilator-delivered versus face maskT-piece resuscitator positive pressure ventilation during resuscitation of preterm neonates: a cohort study
Authors: Akhtar Nosheen , Hemani Aman , Jasani Bonny , Lindsay Brittany , Morgan Brent , Jain Amish , Baczynski Michelle 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical impact of nasal mask ventilator-delivered positive pressure ventilation (PPV) versus face mask manual T-piece resuscitator PPV during resuscitation of preterm neonates.DesignWe conducted a pre-post cohort study in a tertiary neonatal unit, comparing consecutive neonates born 250/7–286/7weeks of gestational age (GA) who received PPV ≤10 min after birth, before and after changing the approach during resuscitation from face mask manual T-piece resuscitator PPV (epoch 1, April 2018–April 2020) to nasal mask ventilator-delivered PPV (epoch 2, May 2020–February 2022). The association between birth epoch and the primary outcome of emergent intubation (EI) during resuscitation was examined by multivariable logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting models. Additional outcomes compared between epochs were rates of advanced resuscitation, and early (≤7 days) and late (>7 days) prematurity-related morbidities.ResultsOf 545 eligible births, 336 (62%) received PPV; 176 (58%) in epoch 1 and 160 (66%) in epoch 2. Neonates in epoch 1 had lower GA (26.7 (25.9–27.9) vs 27.4 (26.0–28.1) weeks; p=0.02) but similar birth weight (900 (730–1060) vs 880 (740–1085) g; p=0.53). Neonates in epoch 2 had lower rates of EI (16% vs 44%; p<0.001) and less use of post-resuscitation invasive ventilation (22% vs 59%; p<0.001). After accounting for confounders, nasal mask ventilator-delivered PPV remained associated with lower odds of EI (adjusted OR 0.23 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.42)). Secondary outcomes were similar between groups.ConclusionNasal mask ventilator-delivered PPV may reduce EI during resuscitation of preterm neonates. Our observations support a large trial of nasal mask ventilator-delivered PPV in this context.
Biological embodiment of educational attainment and future risk of breast cancer: findings from a French prospective cohort
Authors: Berger Eloïse , Dudouet Richard , Dossus Laure , Baglietto Laura , Gelot Amandine , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Severi Gianluca , Castagné Raphaële , Delpierre Cyrille 
Published: February 2025

Background
Women with higher educational attainment have a higher risk of developing breast cancer (BC). Despite the acknowledged impact of reproductive and lifestyle factors, some excess risks remain unexplained. Many studies support the hypothesis that education has a distinctive effect on physiological processes associated with health, independently of known risk factors.

Objectives
In this study, we aimed to determine whether the biological embodiment of education could be part of the observed social inequalities in BC risk. We focused on biomarkers from several physiological systems examined individually, and jointly through a biological health score (BHS).

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
This study, based on a subsample of the French E3N cohort, included women with biological data from four nested case–control studies.

Participants
The study included 3048 postmenopausal women (17% BC).

Main outcome measures
We first evaluated the association between educational attainment and each biomarker, separately (N=11) and by combining them into a BHS, indicative of an augmented biological health hazard when elevated. Finally, we explored the relationships between the socially patterned biomarkers and BHS, and risk of incident BC.

Results

Women with higher educational attainment exhibited a lower BHS in comparison to those with lower educational attainment (β
high education
=−0.21 (95% CI −0.42; 0.01), model 2). Specific biomarkers associated with the cardiovascular (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)), inflammatory (C reactive protein (CRP)) and hormonal systems (sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and oestradiol) were found socially distributed (OR
CRP-high
=0.70 (95% CI 0.54; 0.91), OR
TG-high
=0.79 (95% CI 0.61; 1.04), OR
DBP-high
=0.69 (95% CI 0.53; 0.90), OR
SBP-high
=0.57 (95% CI 0.44; 0.74), OR
HDL-high
=0.79 (95% CI 0.60; 1.03), (OR
SHBG-high
=0.67 (95% CI 0.52; 0.88), OR
oestradiol-high
=1.34 (95% CI 1.00; 1.79); model 1). Associations persisted after adjustment for cofounders and a large set of potential mediators for two of the investigated cardiovascular markers (OR
DBP-high
=0.75 (95% CI 0.57; 1.00), OR
SBP-high
=0.61 (95% CI 0.46; 0.81); model 2). No associations were found between the socially stratified biomarkers and BHS with risk of BC.

Conclusion
Educational attainment has a direct impact on biological processes suggesting that the biological embodiment of the social environment could be a potential pathway that mediates the association between educational attainment and health. Further studies are needed to specifically investigate the relationships between socially stratified biomarkers and BC risk.
Study protocol of a pilot randomised controlled trial assessing the feasibility and acceptability of RecoverEsupport: a digital health intervention to enhance recovery in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer
Authors: Sansalone Emma , Zucca Alison , Duncan Mitch J , Morris Owen , Smith Stephen Ridley , Robinson Sancha , Chenery Rebecca , Moore Helen , Viana da Silva Priscilla , Riley Lara , Palazzi-Parsons Anna , Reeves Penny , Oldmeadow Christopher , Wyse Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionInternationally, breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer with approximately 2.3 million people diagnosed each year. 40% will require a mastectomy which has an average length of hospital stay of 1–2 days. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) guidelines include the following patient-managed recommendations: early mobilisation, early eating and drinking, opioid minimisation and physiotherapy exercises. Low adherence rates to these recommendations suggest that patients need support to do these things. A digital health intervention (DHI) may provide an effective, cost-effective and scalable solution. This pilot trial aims to assess the feasibility of conducting a trial of RecoverEsupport and the acceptability of the RecoverEsupport intervention to support patients to recover from breast cancer surgery.Methods and analysisParticipants will be recruited from the perioperative clinic and breast surgery units at a major cancer hospital in New South Wales, Australia and randomised (1:1) to receive (1) control: usual care or (2) intervention: usual care plus RecoverEsupport. The DHI incorporates the following evidence-based behaviour change strategies: education, self-monitoring and feedback and prompts and cues. The primary trial aims are to assess the feasibility of the trial and the acceptability of the RecoverEsupport intervention. The secondary aims are to assess preliminary efficacy and cost-effectiveness regarding the length of hospital stay. Data regarding patient behaviours related to patient-managed ERAS recommendations, Quality of Life, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), Quality of Recovery (QOR-15), Anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), hospital readmissions, emergency department presentations and health service utilisation postdischarge will also be collected.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of the Hunter New England Local Health District (2022/ETH02010), the University of Newcastle (H-2023–0298) and the Calvary Mater Newcastle (2022/STE03757). Trial outcomes will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12624000417583.
Protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluations considering costs and health outcomes of weather and climate-related extreme events in humans
Authors: Babashahi Saeideh , Iwuji Collins , Orievulu Kingsley , Eyita-Okon Ekeminiabasi , Kniveton Dominic 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundExtreme weather and climate-related events are increasing in frequency and intensity, which pose substantial human casualties and economic losses. The healthcare and health-determining sectors require information about how extreme weather events affect the population’s health, healthcare and other sectors’ capacities to prepare for and manage these events and their aftermath. We aim to conduct a systematic review to identify the recent evidence on the costs and health outcomes of extreme weather events in humans.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines were followed for reporting this protocol. A comprehensive search will be conducted using several search engines, for example, PubMed, Scopus and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science. Peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English that evaluated the health outcomes and costs of extreme climate events will be retrieved without restriction on the publication year or geographical location. Two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion. Study quality will be evaluated with the recommended quality assessment tools. Data will be reported using descriptive statistics, graphical plots and a narrative synthesis.Ethics and disseminationAn ethical assessment was not required. The data generated from the systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and international conferences and will inform our original research study.PROSPERO registration numberThis systematic review has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration ID: CRD42024582635).
Effects of biologic therapy on novel indices of lung inhomogeneity in patients with severe type-2 high asthma
Authors: Alamoudi Asma , Petralia Lorenzo , Smith Nicholas M J , Xu Haopeng , Sandhu Dominic , Richmond Graham , Talbot Nick P , Ritchie Grant AD , Pavord Ian , Robbins Peter A , Petousi Nayia 
Published: February 2025

Introduction/AimLung inhomogeneity measures obtained using computed cardiopulmonography (CCP) are sensitive to small-airways disease. Here, we assessed changes in lung inhomogeneity in patients with type-2 high asthma treated with biological therapy and explored the relationship between inhomogeneity measures and conventional asthma disease markers.MethodsThis was an observational study of 91 severe type-2 high asthma patients recruited from a tertiary asthma clinic, of whom 67 subsequently started anti-IL5 or anti-IL5R biologics. Patients were evaluated at baseline and, 54 of those commencing biologics, at their fourth injection with either mepolizumab or benralizumab. Assessments included prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator CCP and spirometry, and measurements of blood eosinophil count (BEC), fractional exhaled nitric oxide and Asthma-Symptom Questionnaire (ACQ-5).ResultsBronchodilation significantly reduced σlnCl, a novel CCP-derived ventilation inhomogeneity index, (ΔσlnCl−0.08, 95% CI (−0.10 to –0.05), p<0.001). Baseline σlnCl, but not forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted, was significantly associated with BEC (linear mixed-effects (LME) regression coefficient for BEC 0.18, 95% CI (0.04, 0.32), p=0.01). Following biologics, improvements in σlnClwere significantly dependent on BEC (LME regression coefficient +0.19, 95% CI (0.11, 0.27), p<0.001) whereas improvements in FEV1% predicted related to both BEC and ACQ-5 responses (LME coefficients: BEC −10.8 % pred, 95% CI (−16.1,–5.5); ACQ-5 –3.5 % pred, 95% CI (−5.1 to –1.9), p<0.001). Following biologics, the change in σlnClfollowed a bimodal distribution that dichotomised patients into σlnCl-Responders and σlnCl-Non-Responders. Responders, unlike Non-Responders, experienced significant improvements in symptoms and FEV1% predicted (Δ pre-BD FEV115±15% pred, p<0.001) and included a higher proportion of patients in clinical remission at 1 year.ConclusionσlnClis strongly associated with systemic eosinophilic inflammation in severe type-2 high asthma. An early σlnClresponse following anti-IL5 biologics identifies patients more likely to experience improvements in symptoms and lung function when systemic eosinophils are depleted. σlnClmay provide a sensitive route for tracking inflammation involving the small airways.
NNLO PDFs driven by top-quark data
Authors: Alekhin S. , Garzelli M. V. , Moch S.-O. , Zenaiev O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the impact of state-of-the-art top-quark data collected at the large hadron collider on parton distribution functions (PDFs). Following the ABMP methodology, the fit extracts simultaneously proton PDFs, the strong coupling

$$\alpha _s(M_Z)$$

α
s

(

M
Z

)

and heavy-quark masses at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in QCD. It includes recent high-statistics data on absolute total inclusive cross sections for

$$t\bar{t}+X$$

t

t

¯

+
X

, the sum of

$$(t + X)$$

(
t
+
X
)

and

$$(\bar{t} + X)$$

(

t

¯

+
X
)

hadroproduction, and normalized inclusive data double-differential in the invariant mass and rapidity of the

$$t\bar{t}$$

t

t

¯

pair at

$$\sqrt{S}=13$$

S

=
13

TeV. The gluon PDF at large x and the top-quark mass value derived from these data are well compatible with the previous ABMP16 results, but with significantly smaller uncertainties, reduced by up to a factor of two. At NNLO in QCD we obtain for the strong coupling the value

$$\alpha _s^{(n_f=5)}(M_Z)= 0.1150 \pm 0.0009$$

α
s

(

n
f

=
5
)

(

M
Z

)

=
0.1150
±
0.0009

and for the top-quark mass in the

$${\overline{\text{ MS }}}$$

MS

¯

-scheme

$$m_t(m_t) = 160.6 \pm 0.6$$

m
t

(

m
t

)

=
160.6
±
0.6

GeV, corresponding to

$$m_t^\textrm{pole} = 170.2 \pm 0.7$$

m
t
pole

=
170.2
±
0.7

GeV in the on-shell scheme. The new fit, dubbed ABMPtt, is publicly released in grids in LHAPDF format.
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Iron Deficiency Anemia and Chronic Headache Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rohilla Shivam , Bushi Ganesh , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Ballal Suhas , Bansal Pooja , Tomar Balvir S. , Ashraf Ayash , M. Ravi Kumar , Sinha Aashna , Rawat Pramod , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Sah Sanjit , Serhan Hashem Abu , Shabil Muhammed 
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective: IDA and chronic headache disorders such as migraines and tension‐type headaches are common conditions that significantly affect quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between these two conditions. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to explore and quantify the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and chronic headache disorders, with a focus on understanding the bidirectional nature of this relationship.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published up until August 10, 2024. Observational studies examining the prevalence, incidence, or association between IDA and chronic headache disorders were included. Data were extracted and assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses were performed using a random‐effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and risk ratios (RRs), with heterogeneity assessed via the I2 statistic and meta‐regression. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave‐one‐out approach, and publication bias was evaluated through a funnel plot.Results: The meta‐analysis included 13 studies: five studies examined chronic headaches among patients with IDA, and eight studies examined IDA among patients with chronic headaches. The pooled prevalence of chronic headaches among patients with IDA was 38% (95% CI: 15%–69%). In addition, 20% (95% CI: 10%–35%) of patients with chronic headaches were found to have IDA. Anemic patients were found to have a 76% higher risk of developing chronic headaches compared to nonanemic individuals (RR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.22–2.52). Significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies.Conclusion: This meta‐analysis demonstrates a significant association between IDA and chronic headache disorders, with a pooled prevalence of 38% for chronic headaches in IDA patients and 20% for IDA in chronic headache patients. IDA was associated with a 76% higher risk of chronic headaches. Routine screening for IDA in high‐risk populations may improve headache outcomes, but further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and refine management strategies.
Bilateral Foveal Damage Induced by Indirect Picosecond Nd:YAG Laser Exposure: A Case Report
Authors: Miyake Takahiro , Kimura Naoki , Gomi Fumi 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Accidental retinal injuries caused by lasers without appropriate eye protection are not rare; most cases are unilateral. We report the case of a medical nurse who sustained bilateral foveal damage through indirect exposure to a picosecond dermal laser.Case Presentation: A 23‐year‐old nurse working in a cosmetic surgery clinic was using a picosecond KTP/Nd:YAG laser for tattoo removal. Because the procedure was complicated, she neglected the use of protective eyewear and experienced dazzle. Thirty minutes after starting the procedure, she developed central scotomas in both eyes. We examined her eyes the next day. Ophthalmologic examination revealed best‐corrected decimal visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.6 in the right eye and 0.3 in the left eye. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography showed a hyperreflective inner retinal layer with a lamellar defect and focal outer retinal detachment in the right eye; the left eye exhibited intra‐ and subretinal foveal hemorrhages. Injections of sub‐Tenon’s triamcinolone acetonide (12 mg/0.3 mL) in the right eye and intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (30 μg/0.05 mL) in the left eye were administered on the same day. Two weeks later, a full‐thickness macular hole (FTMH) was identified in the right eye; pars plana vitrectomy was required 6 weeks after initial presentation. Because the FTMH failed to close, a second procedure was performed 2 months later. One year after initial presentation, BCVA in the right eye had improved to 0.4. Although the FTMH remained closed, an outer retinal layer defect persisted. In the left eye, foveal hemorrhage resolved within 1 month of initial presentation. At the 1‐year follow‐up, BCVA in the left eye was 0.4; outer retinal layer disruption was evident at the central fovea.Conclusions: Continuous Nd:YAG laser exposure during cosmetic procedures likely caused the bilateral foveal damage observed in this case. All individuals using lasers must be aware of the importance of protective goggles.
The Association of Diet With High Phosphatemic Index With Odds of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jahromi Mitra Kazemi , Norouzzadeh Mostafa , Teymoori Farshad , Saber Niloufar , Ahmadirad Hamid , Farhadnejad Hossein , Salehi-Sahlabadi Ammar , Mirmiran Parvin 
Published: February 2025

Aim: A high intake of dietary phosphorus with an effect on the serum phosphorus level may affect the health status and predict the occurrence of some clinical disorders. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to determine phosphatemic index (PI) according to serum levels of phosphorus after intake of different foods and assess its association with the odds of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods: The current study was conducted with case‐control design on 225 newly diagnosed NAFLD cases and 450 controls aged 20–60 years. Dietary intake data were collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire. The PI was calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) of serum phosphorus after eating test food divided by the AUC for the food supply containing an equal quantity of phosphorus. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the NAFLD odds according to tertiles of the PI score.Results: The median (IQR) of dietary PI in participants of case and control groups was 83.9 (55.8–114.2) and 82.1 (52.6–119.6), respectively. In the age and sex‐adjusted model, there was no statistically significant association between PI and the odds of NAFLD (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 0.98–2.19, Ptrend = 0.065). However, in fully adjusted model, after controlling the effects of age, sex, waist‐to‐hip ratio, smoking, dietary intake of energy, dietary fiber, physical activity, and socioeconomic status, the odds of NAFLD increased across tertiles of PI (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.08–3.58, Ptrend = 0.028).Conclusions: Our results suggested that a diet with a higher PI score may contribute to an increase in the odds of NAFLD independent of common confounders.
Undernutrition Among Pregnant Women in an Urban Municipality in Ghana: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Boateng Agartha Afful , Boakye Dorothy Serwaa , Botchwey Charles Owusu-Aduomi , Boateng Richard , Kumah Emmanuel 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Despite efforts to address malnutrition, it remains prevalent in Ghana and other developing nations. High rates of malnutrition hinder the achievement of the health‐related sustainable development goals. Understanding the factors contributing to undernutrition among pregnant women (PW) is essential for developing targeted interventions. This study, therefore, aims to assess the prevalence of undernutrition, dietary diversity (DD), and predictors of undernutrition among PW in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana.Methods: Two hospitals within the Effutu Municipality were recruited for the study. The study was conducted among 301 PW (15–49 years) recruited through simple random sampling from September 20, 2022, to October 24, 2022. The mid‐upper arm circumference and minimum DD score for women were used as a proxy for undernutrition and DD, respectively. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and binary regression analysis were conducted to describe variables and identify the association between dependent and independent variables.Results: The majority of the respondents (40.5%) were in the age range of 26–30 years and were single (53.2%). The prevalence of undernutrition was 9.3%, while 7.6% of the respondents had poor DD scores. Factors identified to be associated with undernutrition were DD score (OR = 15.244, 95% CI: 5.399–43.040), employment status (OR = 3.311, 95% CI: 1.075–10.195), and parity (OR = 2.903, 95% CI: 1.125–7.492).Conclusion: Effutu Municipality in Ghana faces a moderate prevalence of undernutrition among PW, despite generally adequate DD. Targeted interventions focusing on improving DD, particularly among unemployed and multiparous women, are essential for addressing undernutrition and improving maternal and fetal health outcomes in the study area. These findings underscore the importance of context‐specific strategies to combat malnutrition among PW.