bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of calcineurin‐NFAT signaling by the pyrazolopyrimidine compound NCI3
Authors: Sieber Matthias , Karanik Magdalena , Brandt Claudia , Blex Christian , Podtschaske Miriam , Erdmann Frank , Rost Rene , Serfling Edgar , Liebscher Jürgen , Pätzel Michael , Radbruch Andreas , Fischer Gunter , Baumgrass Ria 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDephosphorylation of NFAT by the Ca2+‐calmodulin‐dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase calcineurin is a bottleneck of T cell receptor‐dependent activation of T cells. In dimeric complexes with immunophilins, the immunosuppressants cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) block this process by inhibition of the enzymatic activity of calcineurin. We have identified the pyrazolopyrimidine compound NCI3 as a novel inhibitor of calcineurin‐NFAT signaling. Similar to CsA and FK506, NCI3 inhibits dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NFAT, IL‐2 production and proliferation of stimulated human primary T cells with IC50 values from 2 to 4.5 µM. However, contrary to CsA and FK506, NCI3 neither blocks calcineurin`s phosphatase activity nor requires immunophilins for inhibiting NFAT activation. Our data suggest that NCI3 binds to calcineurin and causes an allosteric change interfering with NFAT dephosphorylation in vivo but not in vitro. NCI3 acts not only on the endogenous calcineurin but also on a C‐terminally truncated, constitutively active version of calcineurin. The novel inhibitor described herein will be useful in better defining the cellular regulation of calcineurin activation and may serve as a lead for the development of a new type of immunosuppressants acting not by direct inhibition of the calcineurin phosphatase activity.
DNA demethylation in the human FOXP3 locus discriminates regulatory T cells from activated FOXP3+ conventional T cells
Authors: Baron Udo , Floess Stefan , Wieczorek Georg , Baumann Katrin , Grützkau Andreas , Dong Jun , Thiel Andreas , Boeld Tina J. , Hoffmann Petra , Edinger Matthias , Türbachova Ivana , Hamann Alf , Olek Sven , Huehn Jochen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe transcription factor FOXP3 is critical for development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg). Their number and functioning appears to be crucial in the prevention of autoimmunity and allergy, but also to be a negative prognostic marker for various solid tumors. Although expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 currently constitutes the best‐known marker for Treg, in humans, transient expression is also observed in activated non‐Treg. Extending our recent findings for the murine foxp3 locus, we observed epigenetic modification of several regions in the human FOXP3 locus exclusively occurring in Treg. Importantly, activated conventional CD4+ T cells and TGF‐β‐treated cells displayed no FOXP3 DNA demethylation despite expression of FOXP3, whereas subsets of Treg stable even upon extended in vitro expansion remained demethylated. To investigate whether a whole set of genes might be epigenetically imprinted in the Treg lineage, we conducted a genome‐wide differential methylation hybridization analysis. Several genes were found displaying differential methylation between Treg and conventional T cells, but none beside FOXP3 turned out to be entirely specific to Treg when tested on a broad panel of cells and tissues. We conclude that FOXP3 DNA demethylation constitutes the most reliable criterion for natural Treg available at present.
Environmentally Friendly Growth of Layered K4Nb6O17 Crystals from a KCl Flux
Authors: Teshima Katsuya , Niina Yuki , Yubuta Kunio , Suzuki Takaomi , Ishizawa Nobuo , Shishido Toetsu , Oishi Shuji 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly, high‐quality layered K4Nb6O17 crystals were easily grown by two different flux methods involving supersaturation, that is, flux evaporation and cooling of the solution. To fabricate them, potassium chloride (KCl) was chosen as the flux. Transparent and colorless plate‐like layered crystals of K4Nb6O17 were prepared with well‐developed {010} faces of the orthorhombic system. The crystal sizes obviously depended on the evaporation loss (evaporation method), the holding temperature, and the cooling rate (cooling method). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the grown plate‐like crystals were of a very good crystallinity. The major constituents were homogeneously distributed throughout them. The crystals exhibited good photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light irradiation. Potassium chloride was found to be a very suitable flux for the environmentally friendly growth of photocatalytic K4Nb6O17 crystals. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Eating one's words: Part III. Mentalisation‐based psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa—an outline for a treatment and training manual
Authors: Skårderud Finn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new outline for psychotherapy with personsn with anorexia nervosa. ‘Model on mentalisation’ is the intellectual and empirical framework for this contribution. Mentalisation is defined as the ability to understand feelings, cognitions, intentions and meaning in oneself and in others. The capacity to understand oneself and others is a key determinant of self‐organisation and affect regulation, and is acquired in early attachment relationships. Impaired mentalisation is documented and described as a central psychopathological feature in anorexia nervosa. Psychotherapeutic enterprise with individuals with compromised mentalising capacity should be an activity that is specifically focused on the rehabilitation of this function, with special emphasis on how the body is representing mental states. The paper describes psychotherapeutic goals, stances and techniques. It is intended that this outline will be further developed into manuals as a basis for therapy, training and research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Presenting results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis: the incremental benefit curve
Authors: Bala Mohan V. , Zarkin Gary A. , Mauskopf Josephine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCost‐effectiveness acceptability curves have become a common way of presenting the results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis. However, these curves do not provide information on what the loss of welfare or net benefit (NB) is for cases where a given intervention is not the optimal one. We describe an alternate approach to presenting the results of probabilistic sensitivity analysis called the incremental benefit curve that presents the entire distribution of incremental NB of each intervention for a given WTP value. The incremental benefit curve provides the decision maker information regarding the potential welfare loss with a given intervention for scenarios in which it is not the optimal intervention, and thus would be a useful complement to the acceptability curve. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“In‐site” regionalization to estimate an intensity‐duration‐frequency law: a solution to scarce spatial data in Spain
Authors: Salas L. de , Fernández J. A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe study of annual maximum rainfall intensity is quite difficult in Spain due to its limited recording rain gauges and short record lengths. This problem can't be solved applying classical regional approach, since scarce stations and great climate variability prevents forming homogeneous regions. The present study tries a new way of applying regionalization, a method which improves robustness, joining series with different durations (≤1 hour, > 1 hour) at the same station to form regions. Besides, the SQRT‐ETmáx distribution is used due to extreme rainfall intensity in the Mediterranean area is not under Gumbel law domain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple‐station neural network for modelling tidal currents across Shinnecock inlet, USA
Authors: Huang Wenrui , Murray Catherine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the development of a multiple‐station neural network for predicting tidal currents across a coastal inlet. Unlike traditional hydrodynamic models, the neural network model does not need inputs of coastal topography and bathymetry, grids, surface and bottom frictions, and turbulent eddy viscosity. Without solving hydrodynamic equations, the neural network model applies an interconnected neural network to correlate the inputs of boundary forcing of water levels at a remote station to the outputs of tidal currents at multiple stations across a local coastal inlet. Coefficients in the neural network model are trained using a continuous dataset consisting of inputs of water levels at a remote station and outputs of tidal currents at the inlet, and verified using another independent input and output dataset. Once the neural network model has been satisfactorily trained and verified, it can be used to predict tidal currents at a coastal inlet from the inputs of water levels at a remote station. For the case study at Shinnecock Inlet in the southern shore of New York, tidal currents at nine stations across the inlet were predicted by the neural network model using water level data located from a station about 70 km away from the inlet. A continuous dataset in May 2000 was used for the training, and another dataset in July 2000 was used for the verification of the neural network model. Comparing model predictions and observations indicates correlation coefficients range from 0·95 to 0·98, and the root‐mean‐square error ranges from 0·04 to 0·08 m s−1 at the nine current locations across the inlet. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D stream hydrodynamic, sediment transport and bed morphology model for engineering applications
Authors: Abad Jorge D. , Buscaglia Gustavo C. , Garcia Marcelo H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA 2D depth‐averaged hydrodynamic, sediment transport and bed morphology model named STREMR HySeD is presented. The depth‐averaged sediment transport equations are derived from the 3D dilute, multiphase, flow equations and are incorporated into the hydrodynamic model STREMR. The hydrodynamic model includes a two‐equation turbulence model and a correction for the mean flow due to secondary flows. The suspended sediment load can be subdivided into different size classes using the continuum (two‐fluid) approach; however, only one bed sediment size is used herein. The validation of the model is presented by comparing the suspended sediment transport module against experimental measurements and analytical solutions for the case of equilibrium sediment‐laden in a transition from a rigid bed to a porous bed where re‐suspension of sediment is prevented. On the other hand, the bed‐load sediment transport and bed evolution numerical results are compared against bed equilibrium experimental results for the case of a meander bend. A sensitivity analysis based on the correction for secondary flow on the mean flow including the effect of secondary flow on bed shear stresses direction as well as the downward acceleration effect due to gravity on transverse bed slopes is performed and discussed. In general, acceptable agreement is found when comparing the numerical results obtained with STREMR HySeD against experimental measurements and analytical solutions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental isotopes and hydrochemical study applied to surface water and groundwater interaction in the Awash River basin
Authors: Ayenew Tenalem , Kebede Seifu , Alemyahu Tamiru 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn environmental isotope and hydrochemical study was carried out to conceptualize the surface water and groundwater interaction and to explore the groundwater flow pattern in relation to the geological setting. More emphasis is given to the Afar Depression where groundwater is a vital source of water supply. Conventional field hydrogeological study and river discharge records support the isotope and hydrochemical analysis. The region is tectonically active, comprising rift volcanic terrain bordered by highlands. The result revealed that recent meteoric water is the major source of recharge. Three distinct groundwater zones were identified associated with the highlands, transitional escarpment and the rift. Towards the rift, the ionic concentration and isotopic enrichment (δ2H and δ18degO) increases following the groundwater flow paths, which is strongly controlled by axial rift faults. The groundwater flow converges to the seismically active volcano–tectonic depressions with internal drainage and to the Awash River. Within the Afar Depression, at least four groundwater regimen are identified: (1) fresh and shallow groundwater associated with alluvial deposits ultimately recharged by isotopically depleted recent highland rainfall and the evaporated Awash River; (2) cold and relatively younger groundwater within localized fractured volcanics showing mixed origin in axial fault zones; (3) old groundwater with very high ionic concentration and low isotopic signature localized in deep volcanic aquifers; and (4) old and hot saline groundwaters connected to geothermal systems. The study demonstrated that dependable groundwater can only be obtained from the first two aquifer types in aerially restricted zones in flat plains following river courses, local wadis and volcano–tectonic depressions. The conventional hydrogeological survey and discharge records indicate substantial channel losses from the Awash River, which becomes a more dominant source of recharge in central and lower Awash valleys. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposing a formula for evaporation measurement from salt water resources
Authors: Kokya Bahman Ahmadzadeh , Kokya Taher Ahmadzadeh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEvaporation involves the change in state of a liquid to a vapour. The evaporation rate from salt‐water resources depends mostly on saturated vapour pressure above its surface. On the other hand, the saturated vapour pressure is affected by the ion activity coefficient, which stems from the chemical salt concentration of water. Thus, an increase in concentration of water results in a reduction of saturated vapour pressure. In order to acquire the actual rate of evaporation from salt‐water resources, a uniform set of evaporation pans with different but specified salt concentrations were used, in a meteorological station under the same conditions. The difference in evaporation rate of each pan can only stem from the difference in chemical salt concentration and, indeed, the molar fraction of water in each saline solution. Therefore, by applying the water molar fraction in the pressure term of fresh‐water evaporation measurement formulas, these equations were developed further for determination of evaporation rate from salt‐water resources. The proposed formulas using very simple terms seem to be suitable for determination of evaporation rate from any water (typically saline, semi‐saline and fresh water) with a satisfactory precision. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and physical properties of tricalcium phosphate laminates for bone‐tissue engineering
Authors: Tanimoto Yasuhiro , Nishiyama Norihiro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article describes the processing and characterization of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) laminates fabricated by stacking individual TCP sheets for bone‐tissue engineering. In particular, the influences of sintering temperature (900, 1000, 1100, or 1200°C) on the physical properties of TCP laminates are discussed. After sintering the TCP laminates, we confirmed from the X‐ray diffraction pattern that β‐TCP was transformed to α‐TCP at a temperature between 1100 and 1200°C. The Vickers hardness value increased with increasing sintering temperature, up to 1200°C. Meanwhile, both flexural strength and modulus increased with increasing sintering temperature up to 1100°C, but decreased massively when the laminates were sintered at 1200°C. Additionally, field‐emission scanning electron microscope observation after flexural test showed interlaminar delamination in the TCP laminates sintered at 1200°C, whereas interlaminar delamination was not observed in TCP laminates sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100°C. Accordingly, this explains the massive reduction in flexural properties at a sintering temperature of 1200°C. The results of this investigation indicate that the physical properties of TCP laminates strongly depend upon the sintering temperatures, so that the choice of sintering temperature is an important factor for successful bone‐tissue engineering applications of TCP laminates. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Massive arm edema following arteriovenous dialysis shunt creation in a patient with ipsilateral permanent pacemaker
Authors: Maher James , Rivero Abel , Zaim Sina , Pappas Peter J. , Labropoulos Nicos , Klapholz Marc , Saric Muhamed 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAsymptomatic subclavian vein occlusion following insertion of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) is not uncommon. We report a case of a dual‐chamber PPM in a patient with an unrecognized left subclavian vein occlusion who developed massive left arm edema following ipsilateral implantation of an arteriovenous (AV) hemodialysis graft. We recommend that patients with pre‐existing PPM or ICD leads who are in need of vascular access for hemodialysis should have the AV shunts placed in the contralateral arm. If this is unavoidable, then preoperative subclavian vein screening for patency should be mandatory, even in asymptomatic patients. Sonography is an appropriate initial test in such a situation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Delivering genes to the organ‐localized immune system: long‐term results of direct intramarrow transduction
Authors: Louboutin Jean‐Pierre , Liu Bianling , Chekmasova Alena A. , Reyes Beverly A. S. , van Bockstaele Elisabeth J. , Strayer David S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe studied the distribution of transgene‐expressing cells after direct gene transfer into the bone marrow (BM). Rats received direct injection into the femoral BM of SV(Nef‐FLAG), a Tag‐deleted recombinant SV40 carrying a marker gene (FLAG epitope). Controls received an unrelated rSV40 or saline. Blood cells (5%) and femoral marrow cells (25%) expressed FLAG throughout. FLAG expression was assessed in different organs at 1, 4 and 16 months. FLAG+ macrophages were seen throughout the body, and were prominent in the spleen. FLAG+ cells were common in pulmonary alveoli. The former included alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes. These cells were not detected at 1 month, occasional at 4 months and common at 16 months after intramarrow injection. Rare liver cells were positive for both FLAG and ferritin, indicating that some hepatocytes also expressed this BM‐delivered transgene. Control animals were negative. Thus: (a) fixed tissue phagocytes may be accessible to gene delivery by intramarrow transduction of their progenitors; (b) transduced BM‐resident cells or their derivatives may migrate to other organs (lungs) and may differentiate into epithelial cells; and (c) intramarrow injection of rSV40s does not detectably transduce parenchymal cells of other organs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility studies on a protein kinase assay when using radioisotope detection technique for developing a protein biochip
Authors: Park Sang Hyun , Ko Kyong‐Cheol , Gwon Hui Jeong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMicroarrays have recently become a precious research tool for proteomics and clinical investigation. Their applications to the diagnosis of a disease have emerged as a significant promise for medical advances. In this study, we report on an efficient strategy for the detection of phosphorylation of a substrate catalyzed by kinase, using the radioisotope (RI) detection technique for a protein biochip. This technique does not employ the use of the blocking step which is commonly used in conventional methods to prevent non‐specific binding. It was found that the usage of a RI detection technique has the advantages of being highly sensitive and time saving when compared with other conventional methods. The results can be applied when using RI detection technique to develop biochips to determine the activity of a protein kinase. Further, it can be a useful tool for a high throughput screening and for studying protein–protein interactions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled‐monolayer‐modified silicon substrate to enhance the sensitivity of peptide detection for AP‐MALDI mass spectrometry
Authors: Hsieh Shuchen , Ku Hsin‐Yi , Ke Yao‐Tang , Wu Hui‐Fen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA self‐assembled‐monolayer‐modified silicon substrate was successfully used to enhance the sensitivity of peptide detection for atmospheric pressure‐matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (AP‐MALDI/MS). The effect of surface modification of silicon wafer samples with NH2 and OH functional groups was investigated. In addition, solvent effects for the preparation of modified NH2‐functionalized surfaces were examined. The sensitivities for the two peptides were significantly improved, increasing between 12 and 160 times, for bradykinin and gramicidin, respectively, on an NH2‐modified silicon surface prepared in toluene, over that on a conventional gold substrate. The limits of detection (LODs) for bradykinin and gramicidin using the conventional gold substrate in AP‐MALDI/MS experiments were > 0.011 µM and 110 µM, respectively. Using our SAM approach, the LODs for bradykinin and gramicidin in AP‐MALDI/MS can be improved to 0.93 nM and 0.33 µM, respectively. This SAM approach for AP‐MALDI/MS is simple and sensitive, and can be used for high‐throughput analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Late Pleistocene loess‐palaeosol sequences in the Vojvodina region, north Serbia
Authors: Marković Slobodan B. , Bokhorst Mark P. , Vandenberghe Jef , McCoy William D. , Oches Eric A. , Hambach Urlich , Gaudenyi Tivadar , Jovanović Mladjen , Zöller Ludwig , Stevens Thomas , Machalett Björn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLate Pleistocene loess‐palaeosol sequences are widespread in the Vojvodina region, with thicknesses reaching a maximum of about 20 m. Our investigations include more than 40 of these loess sections. Geochronology of the last glacial loess‐palaeosol sequences, based on luminescence dating and amino acid racemisation, provides correlations between Upper Pleistocene loess‐palaeosol sediments in Vojvodina and comparable deposits at other European localities. Sedimentary logs of magnetic susceptibility, grain‐size measurements and carbonate content, combined with malacological evidence, indicate two main relatively cold and arid phases during the last glacial period, related to intensive accumulation of loess units L1L1 and L1L2, as well as many brief episodes of dry and windy climatic conditions, suggesting a possible relationship with cold events recorded in the North Atlantic region. Generally, late Pleistocene climate in the region was dry and relatively warm, compared with glacial period sites in central Europe, and was characterised by sharp differences between glacial and interglacial modes.New data and interpretations presented in this study emphasise the significance of loess‐palaeosol sequences in Vojvodina for the reconstruction of the temporal and spatial evolution of late Pleistocene palaeoclimate in this part of Europe. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.