bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BapFL: You can Backdoor Personalized Federated Learning
Authors: Ye Tiandi , Chen Cen , Wang Yinggui , Li Xiang , Gao Ming 
Published: February 2024

In federated learning (FL), malicious clients could manipulate the predictions of the trained model through backdoor attacks, posing a significant threat to the security of FL systems. Existing research primarily focuses on backdoor attacks and defenses within the generic federated learning scenario, where all clients collaborate to train a single global model. A recent study conducted by Qin et al. [
24
] marks the initial exploration of backdoor attacks within the personalized federated learning (pFL) scenario, where each client constructs a personalized model based on its local data. Notably, the study demonstrates that pFL methods with
parameter decoupling
can significantly enhance robustness against backdoor attacks. However, in this article, we whistleblow that pFL methods with parameter decoupling are still vulnerable to backdoor attacks. The resistance of pFL methods with parameter decoupling is attributed to the heterogeneous classifiers between malicious clients and benign counterparts. We analyze two direct causes of the heterogeneous classifiers: (1) data heterogeneity inherently exists among clients and (2) poisoning by malicious clients further exacerbates the data heterogeneity. To address these issues, we propose a two-pronged attack method, BapFL, which comprises two simple yet effective strategies: (1) poisoning only the feature encoder while keeping the classifier fixed and (2) diversifying the classifier through noise introduction to simulate that of the benign clients. Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets under varying conditions demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed attack. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness of six widely used defense methods and find that BapFL still poses a significant threat even in the presence of the best defense, Multi-Krum. We hope to inspire further research on attack and defense strategies in pFL scenarios. The code is available at:
https://github.com/BapFL/code
Optimal Heart Failure Medical Therapy and Mortality in Survivors of Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the FRENSHOCK Registry
Authors: Matsushita Kensuke , Delmas Clément , Marchandot Benjamin , Roubille François , Lamblin Nicolas , Leurent Guillaume , Levy Bruno , Elbaz Meyer , Champion Sebastien , Lim Pascal , Schneider Francis , Khachab Hadi , Carmona Adrien , Trimaille Antonin , Bourenne Jeremy , Seronde Marie‐France , Schurtz Guillaume , Harbaoui Brahim , Vanzetto Gerald , Biendel Caroline , Labbe Vincent , Combaret Nicolas , Mansourati Jacques , Filippi Emmanuelle , Maizel Julien , Merdji Hamid , Lattuca Benoit , Gerbaud Edouard , Bonnefoy Eric , Puymirat Etienne , Bonello Laurent , Morel Olivier 
Published: February 2024

Background
The effects of pharmacological therapy on cardiogenic shock (CS) survivors have not been extensively studied. Thus, this study investigated the association between guideline‐directed heart failure (HF) medical therapy (GDMT) and one‐year survival rate in patients who are post‐CS.

Methods and Results

FRENSHOCK (French Observatory on the Management of Cardiogenic Shock in 2016) registry was a prospective multicenter observational survey, conducted in metropolitan French intensive care units and intensive cardiac care units. Of 772 patients, 535 patients were enrolled in the present analysis following the exclusion of 217 in‐hospital deaths and 20 patients with missing medical records. Patients with triple GDMT (beta‐blockers, renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists) at discharge (n=112) were likely to have lower left ventricular ejection fraction on admission and at discharge compared with those without triple GDMT (n=423) (22% versus 28%,
P
<0.001 and 29% versus 37%,
P
<0.001, respectively). In the overall cohort, the one‐year mortality rate was 23%. Triple GDMT prescription was significantly associated with a lower one‐year all‐cause mortality compared with non‐triple GDMT (adjusted hazard ratio 0.44 [95% CI, 0.19–0.80];
P
=0.007). Similarly, 2:1 propensity score matching and inverse probability treatment weighting based on the propensity score demonstrated a lower incidence of one‐year mortality in the triple GDMT group. As the number of HF drugs increased, a stepwise decrease in mortality was observed (log rank;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
In survivors of CS, the one‐year mortality rate was significantly lower in those with triple GDMT. Therefore, this study suggests that intensive HF therapy should be considered in patients following CS.
Long‐Term Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Brunner Stephanie , Covtun Olga , Moccetti Federico , Loretz Lucca , Bossard Matthias , Attinger‐Toller Adrian , Cuculi Florim , Wolfrum Mathias , Kurmann Reto , Toggweiler Stefan 
Published: February 2024

Background
Chronic inflammatory disease (CID) accelerates atherosclerosis and the development of aortic stenosis. Data on long‐term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in those patients are missing. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical long‐term outcomes of patients with and without autoimmune‐related CID undergoing TAVI for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis.

Methods and Results

From a prospective registry, consecutive patients with TAVI were included. Baseline clinic and imaging data (echocardiographic and computed tomography) were analyzed. Long‐term (up to 5 years) clinical and echocardiographic outcomes were studied. Of 1000 consecutive patients (mean age 81±6 years, 46% female), 107 (11%) had CID; the most frequent entities included polymyalgia rheumatica (31%) and rheumatoid arthritis (28%). Patients with CID were predominantly female (60% versus 44%,
P
=0.002) and more often had pulmonary disorders (21% versus 13%,
P
=0.046) and atrial fibrillation (32% versus 20%,
P
=0.003). The presence of CID was associated with a higher rate of postinterventional infection (5% versus 1%,
P
=0.007) and further emerged as a risk factor for rehospitalization for bleeding or infection (hazard ratio, 1.93 and 1.62, respectively). Premature valve degeneration, endocarditis, and all‐cause mortality were not increased among patients with CID.

Conclusions
This real‐world analysis found that patients with CID undergoing TAVI were associated with a higher risk of postinterventional infectious complications and rehospitalization due to infection. However, valve durability and survival seem not to differ between patients with TAVI with versus without CID.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Wait‐Time Management: Derivation and Validation of the Canadian TAVI Triage Tool (CAN3T)
Authors: Miranda Rafael N. , Qiu Feng , Manoragavan Ragavie , Austin Peter C. , Naimark David M. J. , Fremes Stephen E. , Ko Dennis T. , Madan Mina , Mamas Mamas A. , Sud Maneesh K. , Tam Derrick , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has seen indication expansion and thus exponential growth in demand over the past decade. In many jurisdictions, the growing demand has outpaced capacity, increasing wait times and preprocedural adverse events. In this study, we derived prediction models that estimate the risk of adverse events on the waitlist and developed a triage tool to identify patients who should be prioritized for TAVI.

Methods and Results
We included adult patients in Ontario, Canada referred for TAVI and followed up until one of the following events first occurred: death, TAVI procedure, removal from waitlist, or end of the observation period. We used subdistribution hazards models to find significant predictors for each of the following outcomes: (1) all‐cause death while on the waitlist; (2) all‐cause hospitalization while on the waitlist; (3) receipt of urgent TAVI; and (4) a composite outcome. The median predicted risk at 12 weeks was chosen as a threshold for a maximum acceptable risk while on the waitlist and incorporated in the triage tool to recommend individualized wait times. Of 13 128 patients, 586 died while on the waitlist, and 4343 had at least 1 hospitalization. A total of 6854 TAVIs were completed, of which 1135 were urgent procedures. We were able to create parsimonious models for each outcome that included clinically relevant predictors.

Conclusions
The Canadian TAVI Triage Tool (CAN3T) is a triage tool to assist clinicians in the prioritization of patients who should have timely access to TAVI. We anticipate that the CAN3T will be a valuable tool as it may improve equity in access to care, reduce preventable adverse events, and improve system efficiency.
Vedic evidence for the verbal-governing dā́ti-vāra- ‘type’
Authors: Jamison Stephanie W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For more than a century, a verbal-governing compound type has featured prominently in Indo-Europeanist discourse on compounding, a type exemplified by Vedic dā́ti-vāra- ‘granting wishes’, with a -ti-stem first member having a transitive relationship to the nominal second member. However, a critical reexamination of the Vedic evidence for this type reveals that almost none of the standard, regularly repeated examples actually mean what it is claimed they mean. The existence of this “type” is therefore seriously called into question and should not be reconstructed for Indo-European on the basis of the Vedic data.
Contributions of Initial Conditions and Meteorological Forecast to Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Hydrological Forecast Skill in Western Tropical South America
Authors: Recalde-Coronel G. Cristina , Zaitchik Benjamin , Pan William K. , Zhou Yifan , Badr Hamada 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydrological predictions at subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) time scales can support improved decision-making in climate-dependent sectors like agriculture and hydropower. Here, we present an S2S hydrological forecasting system (S2S-HFS) for western tropical South America (WTSA). The system uses the global NASA Goddard Earth Observing System S2S meteorological forecast system (GEOS-S2S) in combination with the generalized analog regression downscaling algorithm and the NASA Land Information System (LIS). In this implementation study, we evaluate system performance for 3-month hydrological forecasts for the austral autumn season (March–May) using ensemble hindcasts for 2002–17. Results indicate that the S2S-HFS generally offers skill in predictions of monthly precipitation up to 1-month lead, evapotranspiration up to 2 months lead, and soil moisture content up to 3 months lead. Ecoregions with better hindcast performance are located either in the coastal lowlands or in the Amazon lowland forest. We perform dedicated analysis to understand how two important teleconnections affecting the region are represented in the S2S-HFS: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO). We find that forecast skill for all variables at 1-month lead is enhanced during the positive phase of ENSO and the negative phase of AAO. Overall, this study indicates that there is meaningful skill in the S2S-HFS for many ecoregions in WTSA, particularly for long memory variables such as soil moisture. The skill of the precipitation forecast, however, decays rapidly after forecast initialization, a phenomenon that is consistent with S2S meteorological forecasts over much of the world.
Bayesian Analysis of the Detection Performance of the Lightning Imaging Sensors
Authors: Virts Katrina S. , Lang Timothy J. , Buechler Dennis E. , Bitzer Phillip M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Identical Lightning Imaging Sensors (LIS) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite (TRMM LIS, 1998–2015) and International Space Station (ISS LIS, 2017–23) have provided over two decades of lightning observations over the global tropics, with ISS LIS extending coverage into the midlatitudes. Quantifying the detection performance of both LIS sensors is a necessary step toward generating a combined LIS climatological record and accurately combining LIS data with lightning detections from other sensors and networks. We compare lightning observations from both LIS sensors with reference sources including the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) and ground-based Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN), Earth Networks Global Lightning Network (ENGLN), National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), and Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360). Instead of a relative detection efficiency (DE) approach that assumes the perfect performance of the reference sensor, we employ a Bayesian approach to estimate the upper limit of the absolute DE (ADE) of each system being analyzed. The results of this analysis illustrate the geographical pattern of ADE as well as its diurnal cycle and yearly evolution. Reference network ADE increased by ∼15%–30% during the TRMM era, leading to a decline in TRMM LIS ADE. ISS LIS flash ADE has been relatively consistent at 61%–65%, about 4%–5% lower than TRMM LIS at the end of its lifetime.
Comparison of different porcine models simulating myocardial cold ischemia of pediatric donor hearts
Authors: Stukov Yuriy , Bleiweis Mark S , Wilson Laura , Peek Giles J , March Keith , Richards Elaine M , Staples Edward D , Jacobs Jeffrey P 
Published: February 2024

Background Our team previously identified a stem cell-derived cardioprotective additive that can be added to standard cardioplegia to extend myocardial viability during prolonged myocardial cold ischemic time (CIT) in rodent models. The purpose of this study was to utilize a porcine model to compare in-vivo versus ex-vivo porcine simulation of CIT that accompanies cardiac transplantation in humans, in order to determine an optimal method for translation of our studies to larger animals. Methods Eight 39–55 kg Yorkshire X pigs were randomly assigned to either in-vivo or ex-vivo simulation. After administration of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, baseline measurement of left ventricular performance was obtained via transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). After midline sternotomy and heparin administration, the aorta was cross-clamped and two liters of HTK-Custodiol were introduced via the aortic root. The in-vivo method utilized cold ischemic heart storage in the chest cavity while supporting the experimental animal with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The ex-vivo method involved standard cardiac procurement, cold ischemic storage outside of the body, and subsequent cardiac reperfusion utilizing cardiac reanimation in a Langendorff heart perfusion mode. After CIT, measurements of post-ischemic left ventricular performance were obtained via echocardiography. Results are presented as: Mean ± Standard Deviation (Median, Minimum–Maximum). Results Weight (kilograms) was similar in the in-vivo group and the ex-vivo group: 44 ± 1.8 (44, 42–46) versus 44 ± 5.1 (43.5, 39–51), respectively. Cold ischemic time (minutes) was longer in the ex-vivo group: 360 ± 0 (360, 360–360) versus 141 ± 26.7 (149, 102–163). Temperature (degrees Celsius) was colder in the ex-vivo group: 8 ± 0 (8, 8–8) versus 16.5 ± 4.2 (16, 12–16). In the in-vivo group, baseline ejection fraction and ejection fraction after CIT were: 48.25% ± 14.95% (48.5%, 33%–63%) and 41.25% ± 22.32% (41.5%, 20%–62%), respectively. In the ex-vivo group, baseline ejection fraction and ejection fraction after CIT were: 56.4% ± 5.9% (57%, 50%–67%) and 60.4% ± 7.7% (61.5%, 51.9%–67%), respectively. Conclusion The ex-vivo technique is suitable to evaluate cardioplegia additives that may substantially extend myocardial tolerance to cold ischemia.
Epidemiology studies on effects of lithium salts in pregnancy are confounded by the inability to control for other potentially teratogenic factors
Authors: Smith Carr J. , Payne Victoria M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction In bipolar women who took lithium during pregnancy, several epidemiology studies have reported small increases in a rare fetal cardiac defect termed Ebstein’s anomaly. Methods Behavioral, environmental, and lifestyle-associated risk factors associated with bipolar disorder and health insurance status were determined from an Internet search. The search was conducted from October 1, 2023, through October 14, 2023. The search terms employed included the following: bipolar, bipolar disorder, mood disorders, pregnancy, congenital heart defects, Ebstein’s anomaly, diabetes, hypertension, Medicaid, Medicaid patients, alcohol use, cigarette smoking, marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, narcotics, nutrition, diet, obesity, body mass index, environment, environmental exposures, poverty, socioeconomic status, divorce, unemployment, and income. No quotes, special fields, truncations, etc., were used in the searches. No filters of any kind were used in the searches. Results Women who remain on lithium in the United States throughout their pregnancy are likely to be experiencing mania symptoms and/or suicidal ideation refractory to other drugs. Pregnant women administered the highest doses of lithium salts would be expected to have been insufficiently responsive to lower doses. Any small increases in the retrospectively determined risk of fetal cardiac anomalies in bipolar women taking lithium salts cannot be disentangled from potential developmental effects resulting from very high rates of cigarette smoking, poor diet, alcohol abuse, ingestion of illegal drugs like cocaine or opioids, marijuana smoking, obesity, and poverty. Conclusions The small risks in fetal cardiac abnormalities reported in the epidemiology literature do not establish a causal association for lithium salts and Ebstein’s anomaly.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Implantation and Magnetic Field Exposure Modulate Bone Microarchitecture Following Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Male Rats
Authors: Chakraborty Arpita , Porwal Konica , Raman Srishty , Chandra Yadav Subhash , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Kochhar Kanwal Preet , Jain Suman 
Published: February 2024

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the detrimental effects of spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to bone loss. It has already been established that superparamagnetic nanoparticles when exposed to an external magnetic field (MF) show strong magnetisation and promote locomotor recovery. Purpose: The aim of the present study is to explore the role of magnetised nanoparticles in ameliorating SCI-induced osteoporosis. Methods: The rats were divided into Sham, SCI, SCI+MF, SCI+V, SCI+NP and SCI+NP+MF groups. A complete transection was performed at the T13 level, followed by iron oxide nanoparticle implantation along with MF exposure for 7 or 14 days. Results: A significant increase in locomotor score was evident at day 5 in all groups except in the SCI+V group, and at day 7, all groups showed a significant increase in Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan score as compared to the pre-surgery score at week 1 of the study period. A significant decrease in bone volume/total volume ratio and trabecular thickness and increase in trabecular separation were observed in all groups as compared to Sham. A significant increase in trabecular thickness in the SCI+NP+MF group as compared to the SCI+MF group was observed after one week. After two weeks, the SCI+MF group showed a significant increase in locomotor scores at days 5 and 13 as compared to the SCI, SCI+V and SCI+NP groups. Bone loss was significantly observed in all groups except SCI+MF, as compared to Sham. Cortical bone showed no significant change at both time points. On histopathological examination of the spinal cord, we observed significant improvement in lesion volume in SCI+MF and SCI+NP+MF groups after one week, whereas only the SCI+NP+MF group showed a significant decrease after two weeks. Conclusion: Electromagnetic field stimulation partially restored bone architecture after superparamagnetic nanoparticle implantation, which may be due to reduced lesion volume and improved locomotor behaviour.
Methylphenidate and Sleep Difficulties in Children and Adolescents With ADHD: Results From the 2-Year Naturalistic Pharmacovigilance ADDUCE Study
Authors: Häge Alexander , Man Kenneth K. C. , Inglis Sarah K. , Buitelaar Jan , Carucci Sara , Danckaerts Marina , Dittmann Ralf W. , Falissard Bruno , Garas Peter , Hollis Chris , Konrad Kerstin , Kovshoff Hanna , Liddle Elizabeth , McCarthy Suzanne , Neubert Antje , Nagy Peter , Rosenthal Eric , Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. S. , Zuddas Alessandro , Wong Ian C. K. , Coghill David , Banaschewski Tobias 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Short-term RCTs have demonstrated that MPH-treatment significantly reduces ADHD-symptoms, but is also associated with adverse events, including sleep problems. However, data on long-term effects of MPH on sleep remain limited. Methods: We performed a 2-year naturalistic prospective pharmacovigilance multicentre study. Participants were recruited into three groups: ADHD patients intending to start MPH-treatment (MPH-group), those not intending to use ADHD-medication (no-MPH-group), and a non-ADHD control-group. Sleep problems were assessed with the Children’s-Sleep-Habits-Questionnaire (CSHQ). Results: 1,410 participants were enrolled. Baseline mean CSHQ-total-sleep-scores could be considered clinically significant for the MPH-group and the no-MPH-group, but not for controls. The only group to show a significant increase in any aspect of sleep from baseline to 24-months was the control-group. Comparing the MPH- to the no-MPH-group no differences in total-sleep-score changes were found. Conclusion: Our findings support that sleep-problems are common in ADHD, but don’t suggest significant negative long-term effects of MPH on sleep.