bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PCR amplification on magnetic nanoparticles: Application for high‐throughput single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping
Authors: Liu Hongna , Li Song , Wang Zhifei , Hou Peng , He Quanguo , He Nongyue 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel approach for the genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on solidphase PCR on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is described. PCR products were amplified directly on MNPs. The genotypes of a given SNP were differentiated by hybridization with a pair of allele‐specific probes labeled with dual‐color fluorescence (Cy3, Cy5). The results were analyzed by scanning the microarray printed with the denatured fluorescent probes on an unmodified glass slide. Electrophoresis analysis indicated that PCR could proceed successfully when MNPs‐bound primers were used. Furthermore, nine different samples were genotyped and their fluorescent signals were quantified. Genotyping results showed that three genotypes for the locus were very easily discriminated. The fluorescent ratios (match probe:mismatch probe signal) of homozygous samples were over 9.3, whereas heterozygous samples had ratios near 1.0. Without any purification and concentration of PCR products, this new MNP‐PCR based genotyping assay potentially provides a rapid, labor‐saving method for genotyping of a large number of individuals.
Expression and distribution of N‐acetyl and N‐glycolylneuraminic acids in secreted and cell‐associated glycoconjugates by two human osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Tzanakakis G. N. , Nikitovic D. , Katonis P. , Kanakis I. , Karamanos N. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractN‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N‐glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are the dominant sialic acids (Sia) in mammals usually found in the non‐reducing terminal of oligosaccharide side chains in glycoproteins and glycolipids. Their expression and distribution pattern have been correlated both with the malignant phenotype and tumor grade of human cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine by reversed‐phase HPLC method the amounts of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc as well as their distribution among the culture media and cell surface of MG‐63 and Saos‐2 human osteosarcoma cell lines of high and low metastatic potential. It was determined that MG‐63 cells produce up to 5‐fold more total sialic acid as compared with the Saos 2 cells. Neu5Ac accounts for ca 60% of the total sialic acids secreted by MG‐63 cells, whereas Neu5Gc is the predominant sialic acid present on the MG‐63 cell membrane. Saos 2 cells secrete considerable amounts of Neu5Ac to culture media. The obtained data indicate that the human osteosarcoma cells express both forms of Sia‐containing glycoconjugates; the differences in the amounts of each of the two major Sia types and their distribution may be related to their differences in morphology and/or metastatic potentials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful coronary intervention after percutaneous aortic valve replacement
Authors: Zajarias Alan , Eltchaninoff Hélène , Cribier Alain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPercutaneous aortic valve replacement has been reported previously. Progression of underlying coronary artery disease is expected with the aging population. We report the case of an 85 year old patient who underwent successful percutaneous coronary stent placement 15 months after receiving an Edwards percutaneous heart valve in the aortic position. Coronary angiography, stent deployment, and crossing of the aortic valve were all completed without any complications using standard angiographic catheters. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of Original Bioactive Formulations Based on Sugar–Surfactant/Non‐steroidal Anti‐inflammatory Catanionic Self‐Assemblies: A New Way of Dermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Consola Sabrina , Blanzat Muriel , Perez Emile , Garrigues Jean‐Christophe , Bordat Pascal , Rico‐Lattes Isabelle 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new kind of catanionic assembly was developed that associates a sugar‐based surfactant with a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID). Three different assemblies using indomethacin, ibuprofen and ketoprofen as NSAIDs were easily obtained in water by an acid–base reaction. These assemblies formed new amphiphilic entities because of electrostatic and hydrophobic effects in water and led to the spontaneous formation of vesicles. These catanionic vesicles were then tested as potential NSAID delivery systems for dermatological application. The anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated in vivo, and this study clearly showed an improved therapeutic effect for NSAIDs that were formulated as catanionic vesicles. These vesicles ensured a slower diffusion of the NSAID through the skin. This release probably increased the time of retention of the NSAID in the targeted strata of the skin. Thus, the present study suggests that this catanionic bioactive formulation could be a promising dermal delivery system for NSAIDs in the course of skin inflammation treatment.
An adaptive control system using the fuzzy theory for transient multi‐physics numerical simulations
Authors: Muramatsu Toshiharu , Yagawa Genki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn adaptive control system to yield optimum time step sizes was developed using the fuzzy theory for transient multi‐physics numerical simulations. Applications of the control system reveal considerable amount of the computing time savings, typically by 50–75% of the computing time required when the time step size was not controlled by the system. The result obtained in this work is very encouraging in the sense that the adaptive control system would be used as one of the efficient measures for saving computing time when one wishes to perform extremely large‐scale computations in transient multi‐physics numerical simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogel nerve conduits produced from alginate/chitosan complexes
Authors: Pfister Lukas A. , Papaloïzos Michaël , Merkle Hans P. , Gander Bruno 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNerve conduits (NCs) represent a promising alternative to conventional treatments for peripheral nerve repair. Materials for NC production should be biodegradable, possess adequate mechanical properties, and allow for exchange of nutrients. To this aim, we developed biodegradable NC made of a hydrogel that consisted of the oppositely charged polysaccharides alginate and chitosan. Swelling and permeation studies, as well as rheological measurements, served to characterize the NC. The alginate/chitosan NC showed high water uptake (84% w/w) and permitted permeation of fluorescent‐labeled dextrans in a molecular weight dependent manner. The NC fulfilled the mechanical specifications without further crosslinking. The soft NC can be expected to preclude nerve compression (storage modulus of about 40 kPa), but possess sufficient mechanical strength. In combination with remarkable tear resistance, the NC affords easy surgical handling. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Block Copolymers by the Combination of Cationic and Anionic Polymerizations for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Feng Dingsong , Higashihara Tomoya , Cheng Guanglou , Cho Jae Cheol , Faust Rudolf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyisobutylene based block copolymers have attracted significant interest for biomedical applications. Poly(styrene‐b‐isobutylene‐b‐styrene) (SIBS) has been used as a drug (Paclitaxel, PTx) eluting coating for the TAXUS™ stent. By changing the polarity of the end segments modulation of drug release has been achieved. In this paper, two new synthetic routes are reported for the synthesis of polyisobutylene (PIB) based block copolymers containing poly(methyl methacrylates) end blocks by the combination of living cationic and anionic polymerizations. In the first approach the PIB chain‐ends were converted to macroanions that efficiently initiated the polymerization of methacrylates in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at −78 °C to afford poly(isobutylene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PIB‐b‐PMMA). PIB‐b‐PMMA could also be synthesized by a coupling reaction between living poly(methacrylate) anion and bromoallyl end‐functional PIB.
Hybrid Dendritic‐Linear Copolymers: Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Froimowicz Pablo , Paez Julieta , Gandini Alessandro , Belgacem Naceur , Strumia Miriam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel hybrid aromatic dendritic‐linear copolymer from Jeffamine® was synthesized by an adaptation of Kakimoto's procedure. Comparative studies of reactivity between aromatic and aliphatic hybrid dendritic‐linear copolymers were carried out, through which the best reactivity and the derivatizing capacity of this novel copolymer were clearly demonstrated for the aromatic hybrid dendritic‐linear copolymer. Schiff's base formation by reaction with a chromophore (MFVF) gave hybrid copolymer interesting crosslinkable properties.
The WAXD and Tensile Stress and Elongation at the Yield Point of Polypropylene Additived Films
Authors: Sampaio Elsa M. Valim , Ruvolo Filho Adhemar C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of some properties of commercial polypropylene additived films, that were submitted to UV radiation, has been done for samples that were produced as a prototype for synthetic grass. In the present work, was analyzed by WAXD the area of diffraction peak at 2θ around 17°, that is correlated with the monoclinic crystalline phase in PP, and its reciprocal width at half weight, and also the tensile stress and the elongation in the yield point. All these properties were analyzed as a function of the sample exposure time under UV radiation in the accelerated mode. To clarify the behavior found for these properties were also analyzed by WAXD some samples that have been heated at 200 °C and cooled at room temperature. These studies show that the samples could undergo some modification on their photo‐degradation profile that is correlated with the modification of the PP macromolecular and supramacromolecular structures.
Crystallization Kinetics of Homogeneous and Melt Segregated PE Containing Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Müller Alejandro J. , Lorenzo Arnaldo T. , Castillo Reina V. , Arnal María Luisa , Boschetti‐de‐Fierro Adriana , Abetz Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe crystallization behavior of four types of polyethylene (PE) containing diblock copolymers with an approximate 50/50 composition has been investigated and compared with their respective PE homopolymers. A glassy block of polystyrene (PS), a rubbery block of poly (D,L‐lactide) (PDLA), a semicrystalline block of poly (L‐lactide) (PLLA) and a miscible block of (poly(ethylene‐alt‐propylene) (PEP) were used to asses the influence of the degree of confinement and miscibility on the crystallization kinetics of PE. PEP had the largest effect on the crystallization kinetics of the PE block in view of its miscibility. For the strongly segregated systems larger restrictions were imposed by vitreous PS due to hard confinement as compared with the soft confinement of the rubbery PDLA block. A nucleation effect of previously crystallized PLLA on the PE block was detected which offset its depression of the crystallization kinetics of PE.
The Model Oligoester Bis‐(2‐Hydroxypropyl)phthalate ‐ Synthesis and Relaxation Properties
Authors: Sułkowski Wiesław W. , Maślanka Sławomir , Pentak Danuta , Wolińska Agnieszka , Janeczek Henryk , Paluch Marian , Danch Adam , Sułkowska Anna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of polymer properties requires the synthesis and analysis of simple model compounds. In this work the suitable oligoesters were used for this purpose. The investigation of model oligoesters allows us to describe the physicochemical and utility properties i.e. stability and resistance of linear, branched and dendrite polyesters. To achieve this aim the model oligoesters were synthesized and their physicochemical properties were described. The structure of the oligoesters was confirmed with the use of NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. A detailed study of the relaxation properties using broadband dielectric spectroscopy and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) was also performed. A description of the α relaxation process and different dielectric and DMTA β‐relaxation processes for the oligoesters are indispensable to determine the relaxation properties of the suitable polyesters.
Evaluation of the Surface Tension of Poly(vinyl butyral) Using the Pendant Drop Method
Authors: Morais Douglas , Valera Ticiane Sanches , Demarquette Nicole Raymonde 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this work the surface tension of poly(vinyl butyral) was evaluated for temperatures ranging from 240 to 260 °C, using the pendant drop method. The surface tension values obtained were in the same range as the ones obtained for other molten polymers; However the variation of surface tension with temperature was more than ten times larger than for other molten polymers. This difference was attributed to a chemical change of the polymer during the surface tension measurement.
Comblike Complexes of Poly(aspartic acid) and Alkyltrimethylamonium Cationic Surfactants
Authors: López‐Carrasquero Francisco , Báez María E. , García‐Alvarez Montserrat , Martínez de Ilarduya Antxon , Alla Abdelilah , Fernández Carlos E. , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of complexes from poly(aspartic acid) and alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants with linear alkyl groups, containing even number of carbon atoms from 12 up to 22 were synthesized. The complexes were obtained in good yields, are soluble in organic solvents and stable up to temperatures near 170 °C. On the other hand, the paraffinic side chains are able to crystallize depending on the length of the surfactant n‐alkyl chain being the main chain of the complexes is arranged in an extended conformation.
Multi‐Scale Simulation of the Conformation and Dynamics of Dendrimeric Macromolecules
Authors: del Rio Echenique Gustavo , Cifre José G. Hernández , Rodríguez Esteban , Rubio Ana , Freire Juan J. , de la Torre José García 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this work, we propose simple physical models and simulation methodologies for the simulation of solution properties of dendrimer molecules. We employ a multi‐scale approach, in which the basic entities in the bead‐and‐connector models are first parameterized by comparison of the outcome from fully atomic molecular dynamics simulation with that of Monte Carlo calculations of the simple model. Employing experimental data of the radius of gyration for this parameterization, the calculated values of other properties, like the intrinsic viscosity and hydrodynamic radius are in good agreement with experimental data. The dynamics of our simple physical model can be studied by Brownian dynamics with hydrodynamic interaction. Thus one can make predictions for other dynamic properties of the dendrimer molecules, like NMR relaxation and rheology.
Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) Blends
Authors: Conti Denise Santos , Pezzin Sérgio Henrique , Coelho Luiz Antônio Ferreira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the objective of developing new biodegradable materials, the mechanical properties and the morphology of blends of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB), and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), P(3HB‐co‐3HV), were studied in this work. P(3HB) (492 kg · mol−1)/P(3HB‐co‐3HV)‐6%3HV (294.2 kg · mol−1) blends were prepared by injection in a wide range of proportions and characterized by mechanical behavior of tensile strength, Izod impact strength and hardness Shore D. According to the increase of the copolymer content in the blend, it was detected that the hardness Shore D and the maximum tensile strength presented a significant reduction, the elasticity modulus showed a significant reduction, the elongation at break presented a significant increase and the Izod impact strength practically remained constant. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was carried out in the fractured surface of the samples obtained during the tests of tensile and impact strength. These analyses showed a morphology with fragile fracture for whole blends, agreeing with mechanical results previously reported.
The Spherizone Process: A New PP Manufacturing Platform
Authors: Mei Gabriele , Herben Pierre , Cagnani Camillo , Mazzucco Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of the new Spherizone technology, based on the innovative reactor MultiZone Circulating Reactor (MZCR), exploits its capability to generate innovative polypropylene based materials. The MZCR is made by two legs, through which solid is kept circulating: the riser, operating as a fast fluidized bed, and the downer, where the polymer particles descend in plug flow. With a simple arrangement (a monomer stream, called “barrier”, fed at the top of the downer), the reactor's legs can operate under different reacting conditions, allowing the production of different polymers in the two zones: the consequent mixing of the two polymer phases is not achievable with any other technologies beforehand. This, in turn, leads to improved properties, such as: stiffness and processability for pipe; broader processing window, good optics and high stiffness/impact in thermoforming; processability at very high speed in BOPP; superior clarity in blow molding, blown and cast film; softness with good tenacity in fiber; improved impact/stiffness in injection molding; high melt strength for foam and compounding.
Novel biobased resins from blends of functionalized soybean oil and unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Miyagawa Hiroaki , Mohanty Amar K. , Burgueño Rigoberto , Drzal Lawrence T. , Misra Manjusri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiobased unsaturated polyester (UPE) materials containing epoxidized methyl soyate (EMS) were processed with cobalt naphthenate as a promoter and 2‐butanone peroxide as an initiator. A certain amount of the UPE resin was replaced by EMS. The combination of the UPE and EMS resulted in an excellent combination for a new biobased thermoset material with a relatively high elastic modulus and a constant glass transition temperature with up to 25 wt % replacement with EMS. The Izod impact strength was almost constant while the amount of EMS was changed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 698–704, 2007
Simple solvation potential for coarse‐grained models of proteins
Authors: Bhattacharyay A. , Trovato A. , Seno F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe formulate a simple solvation potential based on a coarsed‐grained representation of amino acids with two spheres modeling the Cα atom and an effective side‐chain centroid. The potential relies on a new method for estimating the buried area of residues, based on counting the effective number of burying neighbors in a suitable way. This latter quantity shows a good correlation with the buried area of residues computed from all atom crystallographic structures. We check the discriminatory power of the solvation potential alone to identify the native fold of a protein from a set of decoys and show the potential to be considerably selective. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of non‐parabolicity on the density of states for high‐field mobility calculations in dilute nitrides
Authors: Vaughan M. P. , Ridley B. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing the 2‐level band anticrossing (BAC) model or its generalisation to n ‐bands, the essential features of the non‐parabolicity of the band structure in dilute nitride materials can be captured using a k·p – like formulation. However, the derived densities of states in both 3D and 2D are then badly behaved near the nitrogen impurity levels with unrealistic consequences. Densities of states in the general n ‐band case are derived using a Green's function approach, which are well‐behaved and conserve the number of states in the crystal. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A statistical model for inter‐temporal causal dynamics of glucose production and disposal with insulin level in diabetic patients
Authors: Das Purkayastha D. , Yin Jie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper provides a useful tool to examine inter‐temporal behaviour in glucose and insulin level in diabetic patients. The primary thrust of this paper is to model inter‐temporal causal dynamics of endogenous and ingested glucose production and disposal with insulin in diabetic patients. A short‐run compartmental dynamics of glucose and insulin was introduced with their stochastic relationship through a vector autoregressive (VAR) scheme. This study also aims to develop glucose variability indices and test for their independence, homogeneity and symmetry at steady‐state condition. The model also empirically identifies the significant prognostic factors and other exogenous variables affecting the dynamics. An empirical application provides more compelling evidence of such dynamics. The estimated model reconfirms the fact that pre‐prandial PM glucose level has statistically significant effects on post‐prandial PM glucose level in diabetic patients. Also, pre‐prandial PM insulin level shows a significant impact on post‐prandial PM insulin in this study. In addition, results also indicate statistical significance of body mass index (BMI) and haemoglobin on post‐prandial PM glucose level. It is interesting to note that the pattern of glucose variability indices in pre‐ and post‐prandial AM time points is different from those at PM period. The results also show interdependence between the glucose variability indices. Only the pre‐ and post‐meal PM variations of glucose are homogenous to its pre‐ and post‐meal AM variations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogenation of canola oil in the presence of nickel and the methyl benzoate‐chrome carbonyl complex
Authors: Rubin L. J. , Köseoglu S. S. , Diosady L. L. , Graydon W. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCanola oil was hydrogenated using a mixture of homogeneous methyl benzoate‐Cr(CO)3and heterogeneous nickel catalysts. The effect of the methyl benzoate‐Cr(CO)3_to‐nickel ratio on the activity, specific isomerization index, linoleate and linolenate selectivities, and fatty acid composition was evaluated, and the results compared with those obtained with commercial nickel catalyst and methyl benzoate‐Cr(CO)3used individually. At higher chromium‐to‐nickel ratios the activity of nickel was inhibited and the system behaved essentially like the pure chrome complex, while at low chromium‐to‐nickel ratios the characteristics of the nickel predominated. In a short transition zone relatively high reaction rates were obtained with significantly reducedtrans‐isomer levels in the product. In a broader sense, it may be possible to combine a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst while retaining the advantages of both. We may thus be able to design catalyst systems for specific applications.
Fundamental study of biochemical behavior of anionic sulfonate‐ and sulfate‐type surfactants
Authors: Tomiyama Shin‐Ichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interactions of α‐olefin sulfonate with proteins were studied and a few environmental and hygienic phenomena investigated on the basis of these interactions. It was found that α‐olefin sulfonate formed a complex with proteins mainly through ionic bonds similar to those formed by linear alkylate sulfonate and alkyl sulfate and that the α‐olefin sulfonate‐protein complex had much in common with these surfactant‐protein complexes. The data on surfactant adsorption indicate that the effects of sulfonate‐type surfactants are due to the formation of complexes with the protein of the skin, hog bristles, and human hair. Adsorption of surfactant occurred in the gills of fish; the adsorption increased with time. When protein was added, the surfactant solution was less biologically effective to fish. The data suggest that adsorption of the surfacntant disturbs the functions of fish gills. Increase in erythrocyte count, which always is found in oxygen‐deficient conditions, occurred in fish killed by exposure to the surfactant.