bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Chung Youngran , Kraut Jerome R. , Stone Arvey M. , Valaitis Jonas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a, well‐known complication of cysticfibrosis (CF), with an estimated incidence of up to 11%. In patients with CF, the diagnosis of ABPA must be based on significant elevation of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) antibody and total serum IgE, since it is common to already have other clinical and laboratory features of ABPA (Laufer et al., J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984; 73:44–48). Once ABPA is identified in a patient, institution of corticosteroids is standard therapy.Invasive aspergillosis is a rare occurrence in patients with CF with or without ABPA, and has been reported in only one young adult who did not have ABPA (Giudotti et al., Am J Med Sci. 1982; 283:157–160). We present a case of a 15‐year‐old male with CF and ABPA who developed disseminated aspergillosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:131–134. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of head‐neck posture on airflow and pulmonary mechanics in preterm neonates
Authors: Reiterer F. , Abbasi Soraya , Bhutani Vinod K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe influence of head‐neck posture (neutral, 15°, 30°, and 45° extension and flexion) on airflow and pulmonary mechanics was evaluated in 10 spontaneously breathing healthy preterm neonates (mean ± SD; birth weight, 1.32 ± 0.23 kg; gestational age, 29.4 ± 2.4 weeks; study age, 36.6 ± 1.6 weeks) who had had respiratory distress syndrome. Head‐neck postures were quantified using specially constructed wooden wedges. Airflow was measured by a pneumotachometer via face mask. Lung compliance (CL) and resistance (RL) were measured using an esophageal balloon. Airflow interruption was designated as mild (10–40%), moderate (40–80%), and severe (>80–00%) decrease of airflow. At neutral head‐neck posture, 42.8 ± 7.5% SEM of breaths had airflow interruption (71.4% mild, 19.9% moderate, 8.7% severe). There was no significant change with 15° and 30° head‐neck flexion and extension. However, at 45° flexion the overall incidence of airflow interruption (77.3 ± 4.8%, P < 0.05) and R, (86.6 ± 6.7 vs. 64.2 ± 3.9 cmH2O/L/s, mean ± SEM; P < 0.05) significantly increased. Extension to 45° caused severe airflow interruption and increased RL in some infants, but no statistically significant change for the whole group. The incidence of severe airflow interruption significantly increased (P < 0.05) from 8.7% at neutral head‐neck posture to 26.3% at hyperflexion (45°). No changes in CL were observed. We conclude that minor (15–30°) deviations from neutral neck posture are insignificant, whereas hyperflexion, and in some infants, hyperextension, can significantly affect airflow and pulmonary mechanics. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:149–154. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary mechanics during respiratory distress syndrome in the prediction of outcome and differentiation of mild and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: van Lierde S. , Smith J. , Devlieger H. , Eggermont E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPulmonary mechanics was prospectively and longitudinally studied in a cohort of 58 infants who suffered from respiratory distress syndrome. The aim was to determine if early compliance and resistance measurements had additional value to simple clinical variables in predicting poor outcome ie nonsurvival or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 28 days. Second, we wanted to determine whether and when the recently described type 1 (mild) BPD and type 2 (severe) BPD could be differentiated by means of lung function tests. In a logistic model, neither lung Compliance nor pulmonary resistance at days 1 and 4 of life were selected as predictive variables. On the other hand, gestational age and the ventilatory index no. 1 (ventilator frequency × maximal inspiratory pressure) on day 3 were the best early predictors of poor outcome. Type 2 BPD was characterized by a lower lung compliance and a higher pulmonary resistance than type 1 BPD, although the differences were only significant at 28 days. In conclusion, pulmonary function tests were not helpful in the early prediction of poor outcome at 28 days. They might, however, be of value in the follow‐up of BPD patients after 28 days. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:218–224. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are tidal breathing indices useful in infant bronchial challenge tests?
Authors: Aston Hazel , Clarke Jane , Silverman Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTidal breathing indices have been used to assess histamine‐induced airway obstruction in adults and children. The aim of this study was to see whether they could be used to assess histamine challenge in infants. Tidal flow during quiet breathing was measured using a face mask and pneumotachograph and maximum flow at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC) was measured from partial forced expirations in 18 sleeping, sedated infants who responded to histamine challenge and in 18 nonresponders. The tidal indices calculated were inspiratory and expiratory time (t1, and te), tidal peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean tidal expiratory flow rate (VT/te) and the expiratory time constant of the respiratory system (trs). The time to maximal expiration divided by expiratory time (tme/te) and 2 revised forms of this index (tme(a)te and tme(b)( tme(b) /te) were also calculated. Recordings of tme(a) and tme(b) were taken at 95% of peak tidal expiratory flow, before and after the peak, respectively. In nonresponders, there was an insignificant mean rise in VmaxFRC of 11.8% but no change in any tidal index. In responders, the mean percentage fall in VmaxFRC was 43.3% (range, −31 to −81%); trs fell from 0.61 s to 0.51 s (P < 0.05) and breathing frequency and mean tidal expiratory flow rate increased from 34.0 to 37.5 min−1 (P < 0.01) and from 66.6 to 72.6 mL.s−1 (P < 0.05), respectively, suggesting that infants had adopted a strategy of active expiration in response to bronchial challenge. There was no change either in tme/te, or in the revised indices after challenge., It is therefore concluded that tme/te is an insensitive index of airflow obstruction compared to VmaxFRC and cannot be used to assess the response to bronchial challenge. Changes in other indices were small and related to a presumed pattern of active expiration after challenge. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:225–230. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decrease in the airways' nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory system in allergen sensitized rabbits
Authors: Fame Thomas M. , Colasurdo Giuseppe N. , Loader Joan E. , Graves Juanita P. , Larsen Gary L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA decrease in the airways' nonadrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory (NANC‐i) system is one of the mechanisms that may contribute to allergen‐induced changes in neural control within airways. We measured the airways' neurally mediated contractile and relaxant (NANC‐i) responses in tracheal segments and left mainstem bronchus (LMB) from normal (control), immune (ragweed sensitized), and immune challenged rabbits. Immune rabbits were sensitized to mixed ragweed extract through parenteral injections from birth, while the immune challenged group had an additional airway exposure to aerosolized ragweed 48 hours prior to the in vitro studies. Neurally mediated contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were increased in the immune challenged group, with the increase most significant in tracheal smooth muscle at a stimulation frequency of 20 Hz. To assess NANC‐i responses, airway smooth muscle (ASM) segments from these groups were placed in tissue baths containing atropine (10−6 M) and propranolol (5 × 10−6 M). After contraction of the tissue with neurokinin A (NKA, 10−5 M), the NANC‐i response to EFS at 20 Hz was measured and reported as the mean (± SEM) percent relaxation. No significant differences were seen in the contractile responses of ASM segments to NKA among the three groups. The tracheal segments showed a significantly different NANC‐i relaxation response among all groups: in the control group, 29.1 ± 3.7; in the immune group 15.8 ± 2.3%; and in the immune challenged group, 2.1 ± 4.2%. The LMB segments showed significantly different NANC‐i responses between the immune challenged group (M−3.4 ± 2.5%) and both the control (13.4 ± 5.7%) and immune group (9.5 ± 2.9%). This NANC‐i response was not diminished by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (10−4 M). We conclude the exposure to ragweed through the airways in rabbits with IgE to this allergen leads to an enhanced contractile response to EFS and a significant decrease in the airways' NANC‐i response when compared with normal or immune rabbit airways. In addition, a significant decrease in NANC‐i response occurs in tracheal segments from rabbits after parenteral ragweed immunization alone. This decrease in NANC‐i may be one mechanism contributing to the altered airway responsiveness associated with IgE immune states. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:296–303. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High altitude climate therapy reduces peripheral blood T lymphocyte activation, eosinophilia, and bronchial obstruction in children with house‐dust mite allergic asthma
Authors: Simon Hans‐Uwe , Grotzer Michael , Nikolaizik Wilfried Helmut , Blaser Kurt , Schöni Martin H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAsthma is a multifactorial disease of unknown etiology but often associated with atopy and inflammation. Previous studies in adult asthma have demonstrated the presence of activated T cells in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and bronchial tissue, and the relevance of their soluble products for eosinophil function. In view of these observations, it was hypothesized that similar pathogenetic mechanisms also occur in childhood asthma. In fact, peripheral blood T lymphocytes in 14 children with house‐dust mite allergic asthma showed clear evidence of T cell activation as measured by the expression of CD25 and HLA‐DR antigen. Without changing medication, significant reduction of the IL‐2 receptor a‐chain expression within the CD4+ lymphocyte population was observed after only 3 weeks of allergen avoidance. Within this time period, absolute and relative eosinophil numbers decreased to normal levels. After 5 weeks in an area of low house‐dust mite exposure, lung function also presented evidence for clinical improvement of the asthmatic disease. These results indicate similar pathogenetic mechanisms in childhood and adult asthma. Furthermore, they suggest that allergen avoidance may contribute to the efficient therapy of asthma in patients with house‐dust mite IgE‐meditated allergy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:304–311. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fibrosing alveolitis and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis
Authors: Sharief N. , Crawford O. F. , Dinwiddie R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report the experience with and evaluation of treatment strategies in fibrosing alveolitis and desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (FNDIP) over the last 16 years by a review of all cases referred to a tertiary referral center. There were 25 cases, 16 boys and 9 girls (mean age at onset, 2.3 years; range, 7 days to 11.6 years). In each case the diagnosis was confirmed by open lung biopsy at a mean age of 3.3 years (range, 7 weeks to 15.1 years). Presenting features were tachypnea (19), cyanosis (15), cough (12), exertional dyspnea (7). recurrent chest infections ± wheezing (9), and clubbing (8). Four patients recovered without antiinflammatory medication. The others received specific treatment. Of 11 patients given only prednisolone, six improved, two did not, and three died despite treatment. Of five patients receiving only chloroquine, four responded. Five patients received both prednisolone and chloroquine; one died, two responded well. There was poor progress in the remaining two. Of the 10 patients receiving chloroquine six (60%) showed a good response. A younger presentation carried a worse prognosis, but chest radiology at presentation and outcome were not interrelated. Those with mild histological changes all survived, but severe desquamation or fibrosis at biopsy was not related to outcome. In four cases there was a family history (16%). Patients with FNDIP probably represent a disease spectrum of multiple etiology with a variable prognosis and response to treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:359–365. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebral abscess as a complication of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Cooper David Michael , Russell Louise Emire , Henry Richard Leigh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo male patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), both 18 years old, developed frontal lobe brain abscesses. Both patients presented with histories of intermittent headache over several days and occasional vomiting. Headache was not more evident in the mornings and not associated with visual disturbance in either patient. Neither was hypertensive nor had visual disturbance. Both patients had documented pansinusitis and nasal polyposis. Both men had had few admissions for pulmonary exacerbations, and neither was significantly malnourished. The abscess in neither patient grew Pseudomonas species. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 17:149–154. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of supine and prone noninvasive measurements of breathing patterns in fullterm newborns
Authors: Adams Jose A. , Zabaleta Ignacio A. , Sackner Marvin A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe current study was undertaken to ascertain whether shift from supine to prone posture alters the pattern of natural breathing in healthy fullterm newborns. Breathing patterns were measured in the supine and prone posture in 20 healthy fullterm infants using calibrated, noninvasive respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP). The values for breathing pattern components in supine and prone postures expressed as means (± SD) were, respectively, tidal volume (VT), 14.1(± 3.2) and 18.9(± 4.9)mL; mean inspiratory flow 26.7(± 11.5) and 32.8(± 13.0)mL/s; and minute ventilation 232(± 75) and 288(± 96)mL/kg/min (P < 0.01). Less thoracoabdominal incoordination, expressed as the labored breathing index (LBI), occurred with shift from supine to prone posture in infants studied in the active behavioral stage, changing from 2.0(± 0.5) to 1.3(± 0.4) (P < 0.01). Placement of a facemask‐pneumotachograph system increased V, measured with RIP by 26% in the supine, and 18% in the prone posture. Neither respiratory rate nor inspiratory time (Ti) changed with the postural shift. Therefore, change from supine to prone posture improved ventilation and increased respiratory drive as expressed by VT/Ti. Further, thoracoabdominal incoordination which took place during active sleep in the supine posture, lessened with change to the prone posture.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 18:8–12. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Plasma interleukin‐1α and β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and lipopolysaccharide concentrations during pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wilmott Robert W. , Frenzke Marie , Kociela Vikki , Peng Lee 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEarlier studies have reported the presence of inerleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but the results have been inconsistent. To investigate the relationships among plasma IL‐1α, IL‐1β, TNF, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and clinical status, measurements were made before and after 14 days of intravenous antibiotic therapy in 13 patients with CF. In addition, whole blood cytokine production rates were measured in 18 hr cultures stimulated with 10 μg/mL LPS or sterile saline (control). On admission, patients with CF had significantly greater plasma levels of LPS and IL‐1α compared with 20 healthy adult controls. In response to antibiotic therapy, the patients had statistically significant increases in weight, oxygen saturation, chest radiograph score, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. They had significant decreases in pulse rate, residual volumeitotal lung capacity ratio, white blood count, neutrophil count, LPS concentration, and resting energy expenditure per kg body weight. There were no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, or TNF and no significant changes in the basal or stimulated whole blood production rates of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, or TNF. The immunological variables did not correlate significantly with clinical measurements of severity or the presence of fever. It is likely that in CF local pulmonary effects of cytokines are of more pathophysiologic significance than systemic effects. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 18:21–27. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Endoscopic unroofing of a bronchogenic cyst
Authors: Dab Isi , Malfroot Anne , Van de Velde Anne , Deneyer Michel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFlexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has become common practice for pediatric pulmonologists, allowing easier detection of certain abnormalities at an earlier stage. We report the endoscopic diagnosis of a large mediastinal bronchogenic cyst and its successful endoscopic unroofing in a symptomatic baby. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994; 18:46–50 © 1994 Wiley‐Liss. Inc.
Assessment of the ability of young children to use a powder inhaler device (Turbuhaler)
Authors: Goren Avner , Noviski Natan , Avital Avraham , Maayan Channa , Stahl Elisabeth , Godfrey Simon , Springer Chaim 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine the age at which young asthmatic children could master the use of a new powder inhaler device (Turbuhaler).We studied 59 children with asthma between the ages of 3 and 6 years who consecutively attended the asthma clinic of the pediatric department. Efficiency of inhalation and the pharmacological effect of the terbutaline in the inhaler were measured by scores for inhalation technique and clinical response.None of the 3‐year‐old children used the device efficiently, but 43% of the 4‐year‐old, 67% of the 5‐year‐old, and 80% of the 6‐year‐old children used the inhaler correctly. Although inhaler technique was not perfect in the younger age group, 50% of the 3‐year‐old children demonstrated clinical improvement of asthma symptoms after inhalation. In the older age groups, 79%, 92%, and 100% of the 4, 5, and 6‐year‐old children demonstrated clinical improvement of asthma symptoms after inhalation.It is concluded that the new mode of dry powder delivery system (Bricanyl Turbuhaler) can be used in young asthmatic children who are 4 years of age and above. Pediatr Pulmonal. 1994;18:77–80. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversal of bronchial obstruction in children with mild stable asthma by aerosolized furosemide
Authors: Chin Terry , Franchi Luis , Nussbaum Eliezer 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAerosolized furosemide has been shown to prevent the worsening of different variables in pulmonary function testing, following exercise or bronchial provocation with numerous agents. To investigate if aerosolized furosemide has a bronchodilator effect, we performed two prospective, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded and crossover studies of four aerosol regimens in children with mild chronic asthma. In a pilot study examining three different doses of furosemide in 11 children, the dose of 1.0 mg/kg resulted in a mean maximum increase of 30.0 ± 6.8% in forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% vital capacity (FEF25–75), compared with a 3.1 ± 6.8% increase after aerosolized normal saline. The effect was observed after 10 minutes with a mean percent change of 17.7 ± 1.7% from baseline, that persisted to 30 minutes (19.3 ± 3.7%) and was significantly greater than that seen following aerosolized placebo (1.4 ± 2.9% and 0.7 ± 3.4%. respectively; P < 0.05). We then compared the effect of furosemide with that of aerosolized albuterol (0.15 mg/kg) in 18 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) for albuterol (15.0 ± 2.7%) compared with furosemide (12.1 ± 2.9%) or in FEF25–75 (42.9 ± 9.0% versus 26.3 ± 6.7%). The addition of albuterol to furosemide resulted in a 17.2 f 5.9% increase in FEV, and a 51.1 2 13.9% increase in FEF25–75. Our results indicate that aerosolized furosemide has a bronchodilator effect in children with mild stable asthma.Pediatr Pulmonal. 1994;18:93–98. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flat chest in survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: De Boeck K. , Smith J. , Van Lierde S. , Van Gijsel D. , Devlieger H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPulmonary mechanics as well as chest wall width and depth were measured in 52 1‐year‐old survivors of newborn lung disease. Of the 52 patients examined, 22 had developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Chest wall depth was significantly less in the patients who survived with development of BPD compared with those who did not develop BPD. Pulmonary resistance and chest wall width‐to‐depth ratio were significantly increased in the patients with BPD. Because the chest wall of infants is highly compliant, we suggest that the flatter chest in patients with BPD could result from the abnormal pulmonary mechanics.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:104–107. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency distribution of breath sounds as an indicator of bronchoconstriction during histamine challenge test in asthmatic children
Authors: Malmberg L. Pekka , Sorva Ritva , Sovijärvi Anssi R. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to study changes in respiratory sounds associated with acute bronchoconstriction and ‐dilatation, breath sounds of 11 children with asthma (age range, 10–14 years) were recorded at the chest and at the trachea during histamine challenge test and after subsequent bronchodilatation. The changes in frequency spectra of breath sounds were compared with simultaneous changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). In seven children who responded to histamine with a decrease in FEV, of more than 15%, there was a significant relationship between percentage change in FEV1 (ΔFEV1) and percentage change in median frequency (ΔF50) of expiratory breath sounds recorded at the chest (r = 0.865; β = −0.706, P = 0.0001) and at the trachea (r = 0.888; β = 1.12, P = 0.0001). The association between breath sound intensity and FEV1 was weaker. Based on ANOVA, the increase of F50 during the challenge test was significantly larger in children who responded to histamine than in those who were non‐responsive (P = 0.0016). At the chest, a decrease of 15% in FEV1 corresponded to an increase of 8% in expiratory F50. The provocative dose of histamine inducing a decrease of 15% in FEV1 (PD15FEV1) and the provocative dose causing an increase of 8% in F50 (PD8F50) were significantly related (r = 0.927, P = 0.003). We conclude that spectral analysis of breath sounds can be used to indicate airway obstruction during bronchial challenge tests in children, and may be adapted for tests in pre‐school children. The results suggest that the same mechanisms that induce airflow limitation due to inhaled histamine may generate an increase in frequency content of breath sounds in children with asthma.Pediatr Pulmonol. 1994;18:170–177. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.