bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What, has this thing appeared again tonight?’
Authors: Rokem Freddie 
Published: January 2009

Performance analysis and performance theory have to deal in one way or another with the relationships between the written dramatic text and the stage performance of that text. The point of departure for most discussions of this issue is that the drama text through its staging is ‘translated’ or ‘transformed’ into a performance text but since the ontological status of the written and performed texts are fundamentally different it is virtually impossible to set up a clearly delineated hermeneutic procedure through which the new, ‘translated’ work of art, the performance text, can be analysed on the basis of the dramatic source text alone. It is quite evident, moreover, that the staging of a certain text is both a completely independent work of art, presented by live actors for an audience in the total context created especially for that performance and an ‘interpretation’ of another independent work of art, the dramatic text. The performance itself thus creates a special form of intertextuality where the words assigned to the characters on the printed page of the written text are spoken by the actors on the stage. The behaviour of a certain character on the stage is a specific realization of a potential range of meanings which that character contains in the source-text on the printed page.Since the two texts are so fundamentally different any attempt to judge the adequacy of the ‘new’ work of art, the performance text, mainly in relation to the dramatic text is doomed to run into insurmountable hermeneutic difficulties.
“N'est-on pas tous pareils?”: Nathalie Sarraute and the Question of Gender
Authors: Minogue Valerie 
Published: January 2009

In Nathalie Sarraute's Ici (1995), the textual voice is attacked for using ‘on’ instead of ‘je’, and masculine agreements instead of feminine. That voice, in characteristic Sarrautean fashion, justifies its practice with the words: ‘N'est-on pas tous pareils?’, explaining that ‘C'est pour faire participer, pour mettre tout le monde “dans le coup”’. At the level of the tropisms, those movements at the very edge of consciousness which Sarraute has made the foundation and substance of all her writing, we are, she claims, all alike: ‘sur un plan précis, à un niveau égale-ment précis, nous nous ressemblons tous’, irrespective of sex, creed or colour. Sarraute's interest is attached toce qui est propre à tous, à quelque chose qui me paraît exister absolument chez tout le monde, qui n'est pas propre aux femmes, pas propre aux hommes, pas propre aux Noirs, aux Blancs, aux Jaunes … J'essaie de saisir quelque chose qui me parait d'ordre général.
François Delsarte: A Codification of Nineteenth-Century Acting
Authors: Taylor George 
Published: January 2009

In 1875 George Henry Lewes published the following analysis of William Charles Macready's acting:Whenever he had an emotion to depict he depicted it sympathetically and not artificially; by which I mean that he felt himself to be the person, and having identified himself with the character, sought by means of the symbols of his art to express what that character felt; he did not stand outside the character and try to express its emotions by the symbols that had been employed for other characters by other actors.
Genetic relationship in southern African Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus isolates: evidence for occurrence of reassortment
Authors: BURT F. J. , PAWESKA J. T. , ASHKETTLE B. , SWANEPOEL R. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis widely distributed in Africa, Asia and eastern Europe. Reassortment of CCHF genome segments has been shown to occur in nature. We therefore investigated the genetic relationship of southern African isolates using partial sequence data for each RNA segment, S, M and L, and comparing the tree topologies constructed using a neighbour joining method. A total of 21 southern African isolates were studied. The incongruencies which were identified in S, M and L sequence datasets involved group switching implying reassortment for 15 isolates. A higher fatality rate occurred in patients infected with isolates which had apparently acquired M segments from a group in which predominantly Asian strains are usually found. This suggests that reassortment may affect the pathogenicity of the virus.
Investigation of a Q fever outbreak in a rural area of The Netherlands
Authors: KARAGIANNIS I. , SCHIMMER B. , VAN LIER A. , TIMEN A. , SCHNEEBERGER P. , VAN ROTTERDAM B. , DE BRUIN A. , WIJKMANS C. , RIETVELD A. , VAN DUYNHOVEN Y. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYA Q fever outbreak occurred in the southeast of The Netherlands in spring and summer 2007. Risk factors for the acquisition of a recentCoxiella burnetiiinfection were studied. In total, 696 inhabitants in the cluster area were invited to complete a questionnaire and provide a blood sample for serological testing of IgG and IgM phases I and II antibodies againstC. burnetii, in order to recruit seronegative controls for a case-control study. Questionnaires were also sent to 35 previously identified clinical cases. Limited environmental sampling focused on two goat farms in the area. Living in the east of the cluster area, in which a positive goat farm, cattle and small ruminants were situated, smoking and contact with agricultural products were associated with a recent infection. Information leaflets were distributed on a large scale to ruminant farms, including hygiene measures to reduce the risk of spread between animals and to humans.
Study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians towards obesity management in primary health care in Bahrain
Authors: Al-Ghawi Abeer , Uauy Ricardo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAimTo examine the opinions of physicians in Bahrain regarding their role in obesity control, and to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and practices towards obesity prevention and management in primary health care.DesignA cross-sectional survey of physicians in Bahrain. A single-stage cluster sample was used, which included twelve health centres and 107 physicians. Ninety-seven physicians participated in the study with a 90 % response rate. A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure physicians’ knowledge and practices, their perceived role and potential limitations. Correction for design effect and finite population were considered in the analysis.ResultsThe majority of physicians in Bahrain (92 %) were aware of the obesity epidemic and 60 % of them felt capable of assuming a major role in obesity control, regardless of their negative views towards the success rates of weight management. Only 36 % agreed that they had effective weight-management practices. They were knowledgeable about weight-loss goals and showed a reasonable level of obesity identification, especially as part of chronic disease care (71 %). Physicians reported a high rate of utilization of various weight-loss strategies, except for pharmacotherapy and surgery. The major barriers identified in patient care included time constraints (91 %), lack of specialty clinics (81 %), absence of guidelines (78 %) and an inadequate number of dietitians (71 %). Sixty-four per cent reported that training in lifestyle counselling and behaviour modification are important requirements.ConclusionsPhysicians in Bahrain showed a reasonable level of interest in participating in obesity prevention and management. It seems that there would be a good opportunity for better practice if physicians were supported with appropriate training and the constraints of their working environment were adequately addressed.
Gender heterogeneity in the association between lifestyles and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Oliveira Andreia , Barros Henrique , Lopes Carla 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the modification effect of sex in the association between lifestyles and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignPopulation-based case–control study. Trained interviewers collected information using a standard structured questionnaire. Associations were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. The effect modification by sex was evaluated in the regression models, testing interaction terms between lifestyles and sex.SettingPorto, Portugal.SubjectsPortuguese Caucasian adults, aged ≥18 years. Cases were patients consecutively admitted with an incident AMI during 1999–2003 (n 918) and controls were a representative sample of non-institutionalized inhabitants of Porto with no evidence of previous clinical or silent infarction (n 2316).ResultsCigarette smoking was positively associated with AMI in both men and women (smokers >15 cigarettes/d v. never smokers: OR = 9·11, 95 % CI 4·83, 17·20 for women; OR = 3·92, 95 % CI 2·75, 5·58 for men; interaction term P value = 0·001). A significant protective effect of moderate alcohol intake on AMI occurrence was found in women (0·1–15·0 g/d v. non-drinkers: OR = 0·48, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·74), but not in men. Fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin and mineral supplement use and leisure-time physical activity practice were found to decrease AMI risk, with similar effects between sexes.ConclusionsA strong positive association between smoking and AMI was found in women. Also, a protective effect of moderate alcohol intake was only found among females. Fruit and vegetable intake, vitamin and mineral supplement use and leisure-time physical activity practice were found to decrease AMI risk in both sexes.
Effect of dietary factors on anaemia among rural elderly women in south-west China: a case–control study
Authors: Meng Liping , Liu Jun , Zhang Jian , Wang Chunrong , Man Qingqing , Li Lixiang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the possible dietary risk factors for anaemia in rural elderly women.DesignCase–control study conducted in 2005. Cases and matched controls were interviewed in person to elicit information on lifestyle, diet and individual health. Main foods and nutrients were calculated by three 24 h recalls; intake data of tea, edible oils and spices were from an FFQ.SettingFourteen villages in two counties of Guangxi Province, south-west China.SubjectsFour hundred and twenty anaemic cases and 433 matched controls, aged 50–75 years.ResultsThe mean consumption of animal foods for cases (82·4 g/d) was significantly lower than for controls (91·0 g/d), similarly for egg consumption (3·8 g/d for cases and 5·8 g/d for controls; P < 0·05). The absolute value of the Dietary Balance Index, low bound score (DBI_LBS) was significantly higher for cases than for controls (P < 0·05). Intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin A (retinol equivalents, RE), vitamin B1, riboflavin and Ca were significantly lower in cases than in controls (P < 0·05). There was no significant difference in Fe intake between the two groups. High intake of vitamin A (RE) was inversely associated with anaemia (quartile 4 v. quartile 1: OR = 0·6, P for linear trend = 0·02). The absolute value of DBI_LBS was positively related to anaemia (quartile 4 v. quartile 1: OR = 0·4, P for linear trend < 0·0001).ConclusionFor rural elderly women in south-west China, anaemia had a strong positive association with undernutrition and a negative association with vitamin A intake. Dietary Fe intake was not found to be an independent risk factor for anaemia.
Adolescent dietary patterns are associated with lifestyle and family psycho-social factors
Authors: Ambrosini Gina L , Oddy Wendy H , Robinson Monique , O’Sullivan Therese A , Hands Beth P , de Klerk Nick H , Silburn Sven R , Zubrick Stephen R , Kendall Garth E , Stanley Fiona J , Beilin Lawrence J 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveDietary intake during adolescence contributes to lifelong eating habits and the development of early risk factors for disease in adulthood. Few studies have examined the dietary patterns of adolescents and the social and environmental factors that may affect them during this life stage. The present study describes dietary patterns in a cohort of adolescents and examines their associations with socio-economic factors, as well as parental and adolescent risk factor behaviours.DesignA semi-quantitative FFQ was used to assess study adolescents’ usual dietary intake over the previous year. Information was collected on family functioning and various socio-economic and risk factor variables via questionnaire. Adolescents visited the study clinic for anthropometric measurements.SettingThe Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study (Raine Study), Perth, Western Australia.SubjectsAdolescents (n 1631) aged 14 years from a pregnancy cohort study.ResultsFactor analysis identified two distinct dietary patterns that differed predominantly in fat and sugar intakes. The ‘Western’ pattern consisted of high intakes of take-away foods, soft drinks, confectionery, French fries, refined grains, full-fat dairy products and processed meats. The ‘healthy’ pattern included high intakes of whole grains, fruit, vegetables, legumes and fish. ANOVA showed that the ‘Western’ dietary pattern was positively associated with greater television viewing and having a parent who smoked, and was inversely associated with family income. The ‘healthy’ pattern was positively associated with female gender, greater maternal education, better family functioning and being in a two-parent family, and was inversely associated with television viewing.ConclusionsThe study suggests that both lifestyle factors and family psycho-social environment are related to dietary patterns in Australian adolescents.
A randomized behavioural trial targeting glycaemic index improves dietary, weight and metabolic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gutschall Melissa Davis , Miller Carla K , Mitchell Diane C , Lawrence Frank R 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveGlycaemic index (GI) reflects the postprandial glucose response of carbohydrate-containing foods. A diet with lower GI may improve glycaemic control in people with diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the change in outcomes following a behavioural intervention which promoted lower-GI foods among adults with diabetes.DesignA pre-test–post-test control group design was used with participants randomly assigned to an immediate (experimental) or delayed (control) treatment group. The intervention included a 9-week, group-based intervention about carbohydrate and the glycaemic index. Dietary, anthropometric and metabolic measures were obtained pre/post-intervention in both groups and at 18-week follow-up for the immediate group.SettingThe study was conducted in a rural community in the north-eastern USA.SubjectsAdults having type 2 diabetes mellitus for ≥1 year, aged 40–70 years and not requiring insulin therapy (n 109) were recruited.ResultsFollowing the intervention, mean dietary GI (P < 0·001), percentage of energy from total fat (P < 0·01) and total dietary fibre (P < 0·01) improved in the immediate compared with the delayed group. Mean BMI (P < 0·0001), fasting plasma glucose (P = 0·03), postprandial glucose (P = 0·02), fructosamine (P = 0·02) and insulin sensitivity factor (P = 0·04) also improved in the immediate group compared with the delayed group. Mean waist circumference among males (P < 0·01) and body weight among males and females (P < 0·01) were significantly different between treatment groups.ConclusionsEducating clients about carbohydrate and the glycaemic index can improve dietary intake and health outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes.
Minimizing contrast medium doses to diagnose pulmonary embolism with 80-kVp multidetector computed tomography in azotemic patients
Authors: Holmquist F. , Hansson K. , Pasquariello F. , Björk J. , Nyman U. 
Published: January 2009

Background: In diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in azotemic patients, scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging are frequently inconclusive or not available in many hospitals. Computed tomography is readily available, but relatively high doses (30–50 g I) of potentially nephrotoxic iodine contrast media (CM) are used. Purpose: To report on the diagnostic quality and possible contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after substantially reduced CM doses to diagnose PE in azotemic patients using 80-peak kilovoltage (kVp) 16-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) combined with CM doses tailored to body weight, fixed injection duration adapted to scan time, automatic bolus tracking, and saline chaser. Material and Methods: Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <50 ml/min were scheduled to undergo 80-kVp MDCT using 200 mg I/kg, and those with eGFR ≥50 ml/min, 120-kVp MDCT with 320 mg I/kg. Both protocols used an 80-kg maximum dose weight and a fixed 15-s injection time. Pulmonary artery density and contrast-to-noise ratio were measured assuming 70 Hounsfield units (HU) for a fresh clot. CIN was defined as a plasma creatinine rise >44.2 µmol/l from baseline. Results: 89/148 patients (63/68 females) underwent 80-/120-kVp protocols, respectively, with 95% of the examinations being subjectively excellent or adequate. Mean values in the 80-/120-kVp cohorts regarding age were 82/65 years, body weight 66/78 kg, effective mAs 277/117, CM dose 13/23 g I, pulmonary artery density 359/345 HU, image noise (1 standard deviation) 24/21 HU, contrast-to-noise ratio 13/13, and dose-length product 173/258 mGy·cm. Only 1/65 and 2/119 patients in the 80- and 120-kVp cohorts, respectively, with negative CT and no anticoagulation suffered non-fatal thromboembolism during 3-month follow-up. No patient developed CIN. Conclusion: 80-kVp 16-row MDCT with optimization of injection parameters may be performed with preserved diagnostic quality, using markedly reduced CM doses compared with common routine practice, which should be to the benefit of patients at risk of CIN.
SIMPRO: simple protein homology detection method by using indirect signals
Authors: Jung Inkyung , Kim Dongsup 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Detecting homologous proteins is one of the fundamental problems in computational biology. Many tools to solve this problem have been developed, but development of a simple, effective and generally applicable method is still desirable.
Results: We propose a simple but effective information retrieval approach, named SIMPRO, to identify homology relationship between proteins. The key idea of our approach is that by accumulating and comparing indirect signals from conventional homology search methods, the search sensitivity can be increased. We tested the idea on the problem of detecting homology relationship between Pfam families, as well as detecting structural homologs based on SCOP, and found that our method achieved significant improvement. Our results indicate that simple manipulation of conventional homology search outputs by SIMPRO algorithm can remarkably improve homology search accuracy.
Contact: kds@kaist.ac.kr
The clinical utility of brain natriuretic peptide in paediatric left ventricular failure
Authors: Mangat Jasveer , Carter Catherine , Riley Gillian , Foo Ying , Burch Michael 
Published: January 2009

AimsTo assess the role of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in both the acute and chronic settings in children with left ventricular (LV) failure.Methods and resultsWe undertook a retrospective review of all BNP levels taken over a 2‐year period in our institution. Minimum follow‐up was 90 days. Ninety‐two BNP samples from 48 patients were reviewed. Twenty patients (42%) reached the combined endpoint of death, transplantation, or listing for transplantation. Median age was 3 years and 3 months. Mean BNP levels in NYHA or Ross classes I–IV were 29, 239, 744, and 1593 pg/mL, respectively, with significant differences between mean logBNP in classes I–III (P < 0.001). LogBNP levels correlated with fractional shortening (P < 0.001), LVEDd z‐score (P < 0.001), and tissue Doppler velocities (P < 0.02). From serial data there was a strong correlation between change in BNP and change in clinical status (F 9.5, P < 0.001). Receiver‐operator curve (ROC) demonstrated that BNP > 290 pg/mL predicts poor outcome with sensitivity of 0.80, specificity of 0.87, and likelihood ratio of 6.4 in paediatric patients with chronic LV dysfunction. A separate ROC from acute presentations did not demonstrate superiority of BNP over other assessments.ConclusionBNP levels in paediatric heart failure (HF) patients show a strong correlation to both impaired heart function on echocardiogram and clinical status. Serial BNP levels follow the clinical course. In chronic HF, a BNP level of >290 pg/mL is predictive of an adverse outcome.
Effect of allopurinol on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats after myocardial infarction
Authors: Xiao Jun , She Qiang , Wang Yang , Luo Kailiang , Yin Yuehui , Hu Rong , Huang Kaishun 
Published: January 2009

AimsThis study was designed to explore the effect of the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitor allopurinol on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial infarction (MI) in a rat model.Methods and resultsMI was induced in rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. Survivors were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group, MI group, and allopurinol group (50 mg kg−1 day−1). After 28 days, infarction size was measured. In non‐infarcted zones (NIZ), apoptosis index (AI) was measured by TUNEL [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated digoxigenin‐conjugated dUTP nick‐end labelling]; expression of Fas was detected by immunohistochemistry, and expression of XO and Caspase‐3 by western blot. In addition, XO and O2−, OH‐scavenging activity of myocardial tissue in the NIZ were measured by colorimetry. Results suggest that AI and expression of Fas and Caspase‐3 in the NIZ were significantly depressed in the allopurinol group, compared with MI group; moreover, activity of XO was significantly decreased while O2− and OH‐scavenging activity were significantly increased in the allopurinol group. Ventricular remodelling was attenuated but there were no significant differences in infarct size or XO expression levels between the allopurinol and MI groups.ConclusionOur results suggest that allopurinol may inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the NIZ in rats. The potential mechanism could be related to its ability to reduce reactive oxygen species and to depress the expression of Fas and Caspase‐3.
Bone mineral status and bone loss over time in men with chronic systolic heart failure and their clinical and hormonal determinants
Authors: Jankowska Ewa A. , Jakubaszko Justyna , Cwynar Aldona , Majda Jacek , Ponikowska Beata , Kustrzycka‐Kratochwil Dorota , Reczuch Krzysztof , Borodulin‐Nadzieja Ludmila , Banasiak Waldemar , Poole‐Wilson Philip A. , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: January 2009

AimsBone status has not been comprehensively studied in chronic heart failure (CHF). In CHF men, we evaluated bone status, bone loss over time, and their clinical and hormonal determinants.Methods and resultsBone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of arms, legs, trunk, and total body were examined using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 187 men with CHF [age: 60±11 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): 32±7%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (I/II/III/IV): 20/76/76/15] and in 21 age‐matched male controls without CHF. Men with CHF had reduced BMD and BMC compared with controls (P < 0.05). Reduced BMD and BMC were independently determined by CHF severity (high NYHA class and impaired LVEF), reduced lean tissue mass, low serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, total testosterone (TT), and estimated free testosterone (eFT) (all P < 0.05). Bone status was reassessed in 60 patients who survived >2 years from the initial evaluation. Significant bone loss over time (a reduction in BMC total ≥1%/year) occurred in 35% of CHF men. Advanced NYHA class (P < 0.05) and reduced serum TT and eFT (P < 0.0001) at baseline predicted augmented bone loss.ConclusionIn CHF men, reduced BMD and BMC constitute an element of generalized body wasting, determined mainly by advanced heart failure and androgen deficiencies. Significant bone loss over time frequently occurs in CHF men and is related to testosterone depletion and disease severity.