bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Geometry and Internal Permeability Distribution in Fluvial, Tight, Gas Sandstones, Travis Peak Formation, Texas
Authors: Davies D. K. , Williams B. P. J. , Vessell R. K. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Reservoir dimensions and heterogeneities are predicted for sand bodies originating in meandering and braided fluvial channel systems. Diagenesis significantly alters original porosity and permeability characteristics in tight gas sandstones and operates within the sedimentary framework established at the time of deposition. Depositional environment therefore exercises fundamental control on reservoir dimensions and quality.
Rheological Modeling and Scale-Up of a Delayed-Crosslinked Gel in Nonhomogeneous Flow
Authors: Cameron J. R. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Previous work has shown that delayed-crosslinked fracturing fluids can flow as nonhomogeneous fluids in Couette and tubular geometries and therefore may exhibit nonhomogeneous flow in fractures. In this case, laboratory-measured power-law parameters no longer can be used for design without proper scale-up. Methods were evaluated for scaling data among Couette, tubular, and fracture (slot) geometries with a nonhomogeneous slip-flow model that avoids the limitations of a zero-thickness slip layer. The best scaling method uses a variable wall-fluid thickness that scales the apparent consistency index on the basis of equal wall-fluid volume per surface area at the same apparent shear rate. Data for an organometallic gel crosslinked at 400 seconds−1 and 70 seconds−1 were scaled successfully between Couettte and tubular geometries. Wall-fluid thicknesses of the gel crosslinked at 400 seconds−1 were about 0.015 cm and more shear-rate dependent than those for the gel crosslinked at 70 seconds−1, which were about 0.003 cm thick and nearly constant.
Performance Auditing System for Drilling Units and Platforms
Authors: Aardse Oscar A. , Houtman Karel L. , Zantkuijl Harrie 
Published: December 2007

Summary
For a number of years, the drilling industry has measured a negative aspect, "lost time accidents" (LTA), to indicate the safety performance of a drilling unit or performance of a drilling unit or platform. The performance auditing platform. The performance auditing system presented here is a positive approach to measuring the safety performance of a drilling unit or performance of a drilling unit or platform. The system gives the rig owner platform. The system gives the rig owner indicators to help steer and improve safety management and an attractive incentive for crew to contribute to a safe drilling unit or platform.

Introduction
Although safety and health always have had considerable attention within our organization, the number of LTA's became unacceptably high in 1984. At that time, it was decided to restructure safety management within the company. A qualified nautical officer dedicated his time to set up a safety management system.
In this phase, safety policies and procedures were written for the operations procedures were written for the operations manual. The condition of the safety hardware on the drilling units was further improved. The available accident reports were reviewed, and the results showed that most accidents occurred on the rig floor. On the basis of this evaluation, management decided to install an automatic pipe-handling system for making up and breaking out tubulars on all drilling units.
These steps (new procedures and policies, better hardware, and drill-floor mechanization) resulted in a drastic improvement in the accident frequency rate. Also, considerable funds and manpower were made available for safety improvement drives and programs aimed to ensure the safety of the programs aimed to ensure the safety of the employees in their work environment. Safety programs covered a wide range of activities, such as on-the-job supervision, safety introductions for newcomers, in-house training courses on safe maintenance and operation of drilling equipment, regular safety hardware inspections, procedures to handle chemicals safely, anonymous near-miss reporting, accident investigation and analysis, emergency contingency plans, and engineering process control.
Periods without LTA's were rewarded with cash or gifts. A downward trend in the frequency rate continued until 1988, alter which the number of LTA's increased. The cause of this increase was not immediately identified. More accidents occurred worldwide, as reflected in an increase in the frequency rate.
New initiatives were launched in 1989 to curb this trend. A separate department put even more effort into safety and created a positive image of safety progress by means positive image of safety progress by means of the performance auditing system.
Incentive Drilling Contracts: A Logical Approach for Enhancement of Drilling Efficiency
Authors: Moomjian C. A. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Incentive drilling contracts historically have been based on the footage and turnkey concepts. Because these concepts have not been used widely in the international and offshore arenas, this paper discusses other innovative approaches to incentive contracts. Case studies of recently completed or current international and offshore contracts are presented to describe incentive projects based on a performance bonus (Case 1), lump sum per well (Case 2), target time and "cap" for a specified hole section (Case per well (Case 2), target time and "cap" for a specified hole section (Case 3), and per-well target time (Case 4). This paper concludes with a review and comparison of the case studies and a general discussion of factors that produce successful innovative incentive programs that enhance drilling produce successful innovative incentive programs that enhance drilling efficiency.
Permeability and Effective Pore Pressure of Shales
Authors: Chenevert M. E. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Laboratory-derived permeability and pore-pressure data obtained for Wellington and Pierre shales are used to describe swelling pressure, and spalling types of wellbore instability. Tests showed that increased pore pressures can lead to wellbore failure. The laboratory pore-pressure information developed displays a time-dependent swelling process followed by a Darcy type of flow. A "total aqueous chemical potential" concept is presented that describes the driving potentials that operate during both phases of flow. Experimental methods are presented to determine the "storage" of water shale during the swelling phase and the permeabilities with steady-state-flow and transient-flow techniques. Permeability values measured under effective stresses up to 8, 000 psi show the Wellington shale to have values as low as 0.30 × 10−6 md.
Optimization of Rock-Bit Life Based on Bearing Failure Criteria
Authors: Fear M. J. , Thorogood J. L. , Whelehan O. P. , Williamson H. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Recent advances in rock bit seal technology have allowed greater predictability of bearing life. Cone loss following bearing failure incurs predictability of bearing life. Cone loss following bearing failure incurs costs related to remedial activities. A risk analysis approach, utilising hearing life relationships and the inter-dependence of drilling events, is used to formulate a bit run cost optimisation method. The procedure enables a choice to be made between elastomeric and metal seals on a lowest replacement cost basis. The technique also provides a formal method for assessing the opportunity cost for employing a device for the downhole detection of bit bearing failures.
Repairing Casing Leaks Using Small-Particle-Size Cement
Authors: Meek J. W. , Harris Kirk 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Emerging small-particle-size cement technology has been applied successfully to one of the oil field's most frustrating problems, repairing tight casing leaks. Because of these leaks, a continuous injection rate cannot be established, yet test pressure leaks off 300 to 500 psi in 10 to 20 minutes. Confirmed through experimental data and more than 100 field operations, a new approach offers exceptionally high success rates for these troublesome leaks. This paper presents a detailed introduction to these new cement systems, along with comparative studies of small-particle-size cement vs. standard oilfield cements. This paper also discusses repair methods, several case histories, and field jobs performed to date.
Case History of an Opposed-Bore, Dual Horizontal Well in the Austin Chalk Formation of South Texas
Authors: Cooney M. F. , Rogers C. T. , Stacey E. S. , Stephens R. N. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Petro-Hunt Corp. used a unique horizontal-well design to optimize development of an irregularly shaped lease in the Austin Chalk formation in Texas. Two medium-radius horizontal bores were drilled in opposite directions from one vertical hole to maximize horizontal displacement in the lease. Underbalanced drilling techniques were used to prevent formation damage. The well design resulted in a significant cost savings per horizontal foot compared with 24 offset wells that the operator drilled. This paper reviews well planning and drilling and emphasizes techniques used to intersect thin horizontal targets and to initiate the second horizontal bore. Production results and drilling economics are discussed briefly, and ideas on future dual-horizontal-well applications are presented.
Operational Decision Making for Stuck-Pipe Incidents in the Gulf of Mexico: A Risk Economics Approach
Authors: Shivers R. M. , Domangue R. J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The purpose of this study was to identify the most effective methods to free stuck pipe and to quantify the success rates of these methods under various wellbore conditions on the basis of historical data. This information has been integrated into a decisionmaking flow chart based on risk economics to determine when to begin and terminate operations to free stuck pipe.
Arctic Bioremediation—A Case Study
Authors: Liddell Bill V. , Smallbeck Donald R. , Ramert Paul C. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper discusses the use of bioremediation as an effective method to clean up diesel-range hydrocarbon spills in northern latitudes. The results of a laboratory study of microbial degradation of hydrocarbons under simulated arctic conditions showed that bioremediation can be effective in cold climates and led to the implementation of a large-scale field program. The results of 3 years of field testing have led to a significant reduction in diesel-range hydrocarbon concentrations in the contaminated area.
Experimental Phase Densities and Interfacial Tensions for a CO2/Synthetic-Oil and a CO2/Reservoir-Oil System
Authors: Gasem Khaled A. M. , Dickson Kenneth B. , Shaver Ronald D. , Robinson Robert L. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Experimental data are presented for equilibrium vapor and liquid densities and interfacial tensions (IFT's) for two multi-component mixtures. Data are presented at 120 and 150°F for a CO2/synthetic-oil (containing the n-paraffins, methane to tetradecane) and at 130°F for a CO2/recombined-reservoir-oil system. In both systems, measurements include the near-critical region, where IFT's become very low. These data should be useful in developing and testing models to predict phase behavior and IFT's for CO2 EOR operations.
Pressures, Hydrocarbon Accumulation, and Salinities Chocolate Bayou Field, Brazoria County, Texas
Authors: Fowler William A. 
Published: December 2007

The hydrocarbon accumulation at Chocolate Bayou field appears to be intimately related to the fluid environments there. An understanding of the processes at work in this field can be used in planning the development of active fields where comparable fluid data are available.

Introduction
The Chocolate Bayou field is located in east-central Brazoria County, about 25 miles south of Houston, Tex. Production in the field is from Oligocene Frio sands ranging in depth from 8,600 to 12,200 ft. About half the approximately 2Tcf of gas reserves in the field is found in reservoirs with pressures substantially above hydrostatic. Data collected since the discovery of this field in 1939 permit an evaluation of the effects of abnormally high pressures on the migration and entrapment of hydrocarbons and the salinity of formation waters in the field. An understanding of the relationship between fluid properties and hydrocarbon entrapment in this field may be applicable to the development of other Gulf Coast fields.

Geology
The Chocolate Bayou field produces from a faulted anticline in the downdip Frio trend. A large growth fault divides the field into two producing areas. Fig. 1 shows the producing area of the field and the approximate location of the fault separating the two principal producing segments. The downthrown, eastern fault producing segments. The downthrown, eastern fault block produces from a closed anticlinal structure; the upthrown, western fault block produces from a closure against the regional fault crossing the field. A number of minor faults are present, but have little effect on the pattern of hydrocarbon accumulation in the field. The two major fault blocks are referred to as East Chocolate Bayou and West Chocolate Bayou in this paper. Structural maps of the field are given by Allen and Allen and Myers.
The producing Frio section is an alternating sand and shale sequence overlying a thick section of Oligocene and older shales. Above the Frio is the Anahuac shale wedge, which is about 2,200 ft thick in the field. About 6,500 ft of undifferentiated Miocene and younger massive sands interbedded with comparatively thin shales extends from the top of the Anahuac to the surface.
Radical changes in the lithology and thickness of the Frio section across the growth fault bisecting the field indicate that movement along this fault was contemporaneous with deposition of the Frio field pays. Movement continued intermittently along the fault during the deposition of the Anahuac shales and the lowermost Miocene sands. The increased Frio sand deposition in the area of the present structural high suggests that movement of the producing structure had already begun by Frio time. Uplift continued well into Miocene, where the feature is expressed as a faulted nose at depths as shallow as 6,000 ft. This long history of structural uplift has resulted in an increase of structural relief with depth and an abundance of minor faults associated with this structural deformation.
JPT
P. 411
Modular Development and Integration of a Corrosion Control System
Authors: Elder M. S. , D'Alves B. M. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper describes the consolidation and expansion of Saudi Aramco's computer systems used for capture and analysis of petroleum-facilities-related corrosion. Specifically, modular development techniques coupled with a prototyping methodology are highlighted as key contributors to the success of the project.
A mainframe resident Corrosion Control System (CCS) was developed through joint efforts between the Northern Area Producing Operations Engineering (NAPOE) and Petroleum Engineering Applications Services (PEAS) departments. CCS takes full advantage of Saudi Aramco's extensive computing network to manage data on corrosion coupons, water quality, bacteria, chemical use, and cathodic protection.
Selection of a centralized computer system over a distributed computing environment has yielded many benefits. The data management, user interface, and results presentation components are consistent. Remote users can take advantage of the installed computing infrastructure, workstations, and peripherals. The installed base of high-speed printers, color plotters, and slide equipment can be used easily for hard copy. Databases are virtually unlimited in size and are backed up daily during normal data center operations. Data entry is distributed to staff directly involved with data collection, thus conserving valuable engineering time for analysis. Finally, ongoing system development and maintenance functions are ensured through the designated computer support organization.
Experienced field engineers actively participated during CCS development to ensure that constructive feedback was available during prototype development. As with all computer systems, CCS is evolving to take advantage of proven technology to satisfy operational requirements.
Efficient Field-Computer File Transfer Methods for Suboptimum Conditions
Authors: Sisk L. B. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper describes a project to upgrade the file-transmission capabilities of a system using modem-linked PC’s to acquire production data in remote fields and subsequently transfer these data to an area production office for further processing. The method initially specified for accomplishing this task failed repeatedly under adverse conditions. After the modems and file-transfer software were replaced, communications became much more reliable, and the time required to transfer files was reduced by orders of magnitude, resulting in a corresponding reduction in telecommunications costs. The technology described is applicable to any computer-based system doing file transfers, particularly in areas with suboptimum telephone networks.
Effect of Wettability on Waterflood Recovery for Crude-Oil/Brine/Rock Systems
Authors: Jadhunandan P. P. , Morrow N. R. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents a definitive account of the effect of wettability on oil recovery from Berea sandstone based on the results of more than 50 slow-rate laboratory waterfloods. Closely reproducible wettability conditions and waterflood recoveries were obtained with wettability, depending on the crude oil, brine composition, aging temperature, and initial water saturation. Maximum oil recovery by waterflooding was obtained at very weakly water-wet conditions from shortly after breakthrough up to discontinuation of the test at 20 PV of water injected. In most of the tests, coproduction of oil and water continued long after breakthrough.
Base Number and Wetting Properties of Crude Oils
Authors: Dubey S. T. , Doe P. H. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Oil acid and base numbers influence wetting through their effect on electrostatic interactions with the mineral surface. An improved nonaqueous potentiometric titration has been developed that correctly quantifies weak bases in crude oils. In crude-oil/silica systems, wetting behavior correlates with base/acid ratio and is consistent with wetting theories based on disjoining pressure.
CO2 Huff 'n' Puff Revives Shallow Light-Oil-Depleted Reservoirs
Authors: Bardon Charles , Corlay Philippe , Longeron Daniel , Miller Bernard 
Published: December 2007

SummaryBretagne has experimented successfully with CO2 huff 'n' puff injection since 1985 in the Shoemaker field in Kentucky. Numerical simulations were performed with a compositional model to review and to quantify the influence of all parameters that could be responsible for the production improvement observed in the wells. Laboratory studies were conducted to get relevant physical data, particularly concerning relative permeabilities with three phases present. These data were integrated into the numerical model, giving good agreement with field results, and predicted production performance more accurately. Finally, the optimization of the huff 'n' puff process in Shoemaker is presented.
Responses of Commingled Systems With Mixed Inner and Outer Boundary Conditions Using Derivatives
Authors: Gao Chao , Jones Jack R. , Raghavan Rajagopal , Lee W. John 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThis work presents a spectrum of possible derivative responses in wells producing commingled reservoirs. Three issues pertaining to commingled reservoir buildup behavior are studied: (1) derivative responses for commingled systems, with emphasis on unequal layer radii; (2) pressure distributions in the layers with a view toward understanding backflow, particularly the origin of rate reversals during buildup; and (3) an application of Peaceman's probe radius formula to obtain pressure distributions in each layer at shut-in. Several approaches are developed from Issue 1 to estimate the areal extent of the smallest layer. Some general information that should be useful, or at least pertinent, to the design of production logging surveys is derived from Issue 2. Issue 3 also has application in miscible flooding for the location of areas below minimum miscibility pressure (MMP).
Gas-Lift Valve Performance Testing and Data Correlation
Authors: Decker K. L. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents a method for analyzing data from gas-lift valve performance tests. This method relies on the ability to determine the true dynamic stem position of the valve during flowing conditions. The types of tests required to obtain the data needed by this analysis method are explained. The data analysis method is applicable to any pressure-operated gas-lift valve and yields predictions within 10% of actual flow rate.
A Model for Estimating the Life of Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Patterson M. M. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents a mathematical model to estimate the life expectancy of an electrical submersible pump (ESP). The premise uses a statistical method known as the "Poisson pure death process, " which calculates the probability of system failure on the basis of sparse data. The technique needs only one parameter and was tested on ESP failure data from a west Texas field.