bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six‐ and Twelve‐Month Outcomes among Homeless Youth Accessing Therapy and Case Management Services through an Urban Drop‐in Center
Authors: Slesnick Natasha , Kang Min Ju , Bonomi Amy E. , Prestopnik Jillian L. 
Published: July 2007

Research Objective. To evaluate the impact of case management and individual therapy offered through a drop‐in center for homeless youth on substance use, mental health, housing, education, employment, and medical care utilization.Study Population. All youth (n=172) between the ages of 14–24 who accessed treatment services through an urban, southwestern drop‐in center were included.Data Source. Semistructured and self‐report questionnaires were administered to youth between October 2002 and April 2005.Study Design. A repeated measures design was utilized. Youth were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months postbaseline. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test the hypotheses.Principal Findings. Statistically significant improvements were found in substance abuse, mental health, and percent days housed up to 12 months postbaseline. Decreased alcohol and drug use was associated with an increase in housing. However, most youth did not acquire permanent housing, and education, employment, and medical service utilization did not significantly change over time.Conclusions. While treatment offered through drop‐in centers for homeless youth can positively impact homeless youth, policy, funding, and service provision need greater focus, collaboration, and support if youth homelessness is to be successfully addressed.
Oncoproteomics of hepatocellular carcinoma: from cancer markers' discovery to functional pathways
Authors: Sun Stella , Lee Nikki P. Y. , Poon Ronnie T. P. , Fan Sheung‐Tat , He Qing Y. , Lau George K. , Luk John M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous cancer with no promising treatment and remains one of the most prevailing and lethal malignancies in the world. Researchers in many biological areas now routinely identify and characterize protein markers by a mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approach, a method that has been commonly used to discover diagnostic biomarkers for cancer detection. The proteomic research platforms span from the classical two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) to the latest Protein Chip or array technology, which are often integrated with the MALDI (matrix‐assisted laser‐desorption ionization), SELDI (surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). New advances on quantitative proteomic analysis (e.g. SILAC, ICAT, and ITRAQ) and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) have greatly enhanced the capability of proteomic methods to study the expressions, modifications and functions of protein markers. The present article reviews the latest proteomic development and discovery of biomarkers in HCC that may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and the readiness of biomarkers for clinical uses.
Relationship between Beat‐to‐Beat Variability of RT‐Peak and RT‐End Intervals in Normal Controls, Patients with Anxiety, and Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yeragani Vikram Kumar , Berger Ronald , Desai Nagaraj , Bar Karl Juergen , Chokka Pratap , Tancer Manuel 
Published: July 2007

Background: Some studies suggest that it is important to take the end of “T” wave to quantify QT‐interval variability, which signifies cardiac repolarization lability, as there is substantial and important information beyond the peak of the T wave on the surface electrocardiogram. Methods: In this study, we examined the relationship between the variability of beat‐to‐beat RTe (beginning of R‐peak to T‐end) and the variability of RTp (R‐peak to T‐peak) in the following groups: normal controls (n = 26), patients with anxiety (n = 26), and patients with cardiovascular disease with or without diabetes (n = 63). We obtained ECG sampled at 1024 Hz in lead II configuration in supine posture to obtain beat‐to‐beat interbeat interval (R–R) and RT‐interval variability for 256 seconds. Results: We found significant positive correlations (r = 0.8; P < 0.00001) in normal controls and patients with anxiety between the variability of RTeVI and RTpVI (RTe and RTp variability indices, respectively, corrected for the mean of RTe and RTp and the mean and the variance of R–R). These correlations were also statistically significant in the medically ill group but the r values were much smaller (r = 0.45 in various groups). The slopes were also significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots also showed better agreement between the two measures in the controls and patients with anxiety compared to the group with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: These findings have methodological implications for studies comparing people with and without overt cardiovascular illness. While RTe or RTp variability index may be used interchangeably in normal controls and some patients with no overt cardiovascular problems, it may be more prudent to use both RTe and RTp variability indices in patients with cardiovascular illness. These indices, especially RTeVI, may provide different information about cardiac repolarization lability. Future studies should address the importance of the relative usefulness of these two measures especially in cardiac patients before and after successful treatment.
Evidence‐based (S3) guidelines for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: Nast Alexander , Kopp Ina B. , Augustin Matthias , Banditt Kirstin‐Benita , Boehncke Wolf‐Henning , Follmann Markus , Friedrich Markus , Huber Matthias , Kahl Christina , Klaus Joachim , Koza Joachim , Kreiselmaier Inga , Mohr Johannes , Mrowietz Ulrich , Ockenfels Hans‐Michael , Orzechowski Hans‐Dieter , Prinz Jörg , Reich Kristian , Rosenbach Thomas , Rosumeck Stefanie , Schlaeger Martin , Schmid‐Ott Gerhard , Sebastian Michael , Streit Volker , Weberschock Tobias , Rzany Berthold 
Published: July 2007

Abstract  Psoriasis vulgaris is a common and often chronic inflammatory skin disease. The incidence of psoriasis in Western industrialized countries ranges from 1 to 2%. Patients afflicted with severe psoriasis vulgaris may experience a significant reduction in quality of life. Despite the large variety of treatment options available, patient surveys have revealed lack of satisfaction with the efficacy of available treatments and a high rate of non‐compliance.To optimize the treatment of psoriasis in Germany, the Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG) and the Berufsverband Deutscher Dermatologen (BVDD) initiated a project to develop evidence‐based guidelines for the management of psoriasis. These resulting Guidelines focus on induction therapy in cases of mild, moderate, and severe plaquetype psoriasis in adults.The Guidelines include evidence‐based evaluation of the efficacy of all currently available therapeutic options in Germany. In addition, they offer detailed information on how best to administer the various treatments and give information on contraindications, adverse drug reactions, and drug interactions as well as estimates of practicability and cost.The Guidelines were developed following the recommendations of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher medizinischer Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). The therapeutic recommendations were developed by an expert group and finalized during interdisciplinary consensus conferences.
Effect of black bean aphid,Aphis fabae, on transpiration, stomatal conductance and crude protein content of faba bean
Authors: Shannag Hail K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study was initiated to investigate effects of damage by 0, 5 and 10 aphids/plant on the physiology of faba bean plants throughout different feeding periods and at two plant development stages. Immediately following removal ofAphis fabae, measurements showed 84–229% increase in transpiration rate. These changes were proportional to the number of aphids and infestation duration. Injury byA. fabaecaused the stomatal conductance to be much higher in the leaves of infested plants. Leaf stomatal conductance of the infested plants increased significantly by 51–224% depending on initial aphid densities and feeding intervals. This increase was proportional to the infestation level for each date. Length of infestation period and plant growth stage seemed to have no clear effect on stomatal apertures. Aphid feeding caused a damage of about 7–33% of crude protein levels in the leaf tissue. This reduction increased with increasing infestation levels and time, except for 28‐day‐old plants on 28 days. The physiological effects of aphid feeding on water vapour and chemical composition of damaged leaves are particularly serious when the population is high.
Food attraction and population growth of fungivorous nematodes with different fungi
Authors: Hasna M.K. , Insunza V. , Lagerlöf J. , Rämert B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFood attraction of the fungivorous nematodes Aphelenchus avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. to seven fungal species (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani strains AG 3 and AG 2‐1, Verticillium dahliae, Pochonia bulbillosa, Mortierella hyalina and Trichoderma harzianum) was determined on agar plates by counting the number of test nematodes present on the mycelium of each fungus 24 h after inoculation. Population growth of A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. on five of the seven fungi included in the attraction test (P. lycopersici, R. solani strain AG 3, V. dahliae, P. bulbillosa and T. harzianum) was also determined on agar plates by counting nematode numbers every week during a 6‐week period. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. were attracted to all the fungi tested. A. avenae was preferentially attracted to V. dahliae (P < 0.0001), and Aphelenchoides spp. did not show any preference except for low attraction to R. solani. A. avenae and Aphelenchoides spp. reproduced on all fungal species tested. After 6 weeks of incubation, the highest number of nematodes was found on P. lycopersici and P. bulbillosa, while the lowest number occurred on R. solani for A. avenae and on T. harzianum for Aphelenchoides spp. The suitability of a fungus as a host was not clearly related to the attraction to that fungus.
STORAGE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF VACUUM‐PACKAGED EXTENDED CHICKEN PATTIES
Authors: KUMAR R.R. , SHARMA B.D. , KUMAR MANISH , CHIDANANDAIAH  , BISWAS A.K. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT The storage quality and shelf life of chicken patties prepared from spent hen meat with replacement of lean at preoptimized levels of three unconventional nonmeat extenders (1:1 hydration), namely 5% sorghum flour, 10% barley flour and 5% pressed rice flour along with the control group, were subjected to test. The samples from vacuum‐packaged, refrigerated stored (4 ± 1C) product were analyzed on a weekly interval for 42 days for different physicochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters. The pH, extract release volume as well as thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances value being comparable to its day 0 value in early stage decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on subsequent storage without any noticeable defects even on day 42. The total plate, psychrophiles, anaerobes and lactic acid bacteria count increased significantly (P < 0.05) at subsequent storage interval after their detection on days 0, 28, 28 and 35 days, respectively, but all these counts remained within the permissible limits even at the end of storage period. The scores of all treatment groups for appearance, juiciness and texture with exception of control were comparable throughout the storage period, while the flavor and overall acceptability scores were comparable up to day 28 only for most of the treatment groups followed by a significant decline (P < 0.05) subsequently. The patties with 10% extension with barley flour had comparatively better stability and sensory scores throughout the storage period. These findings indicated that chicken patties extended with sorghum (5%), barley (10%) and pressed rice (5%) flour were acceptable in terms of physicochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities during 42 days of refrigerated storage (4 ± 1C) under vacuum packaging.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID CONTENTS, CHOLESTEROL, LIPID OXIDATION AND DRIP LOSS IN PORK LOIN AND CHICKEN BREAST
Authors: HUR SUN JIN , PARK GU BOO , JOO SEON TEA 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on CLA contents, cholesterol, lipid oxidation and water‐holding capacity were investigated. A total of 40 pigs and broilers were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5 or 5% CLA for 4 weeks. Pork loin and chicken breast were collected at 24 h postmortem. The pork loin and chicken breast were packaged aerobically and stored at 4C for 7 days. The CLA contents of pork loin and chicken breast were significantly increased by dietary CLA (P < 0.05). The CLA contents of chicken breast were higher than those of pork loin in all CLA dietary groups. The cholesterol contents of chicken breast were significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference was found between 2.5 and 5% CLA dietary groups. In pork loin, cholesterol contents were not significantly different among the CLA dietary groups. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances values of pork loin were significantly lower than those of controls (P < 0.05), although no significant difference was found among CLA dietary groups. Drip loss was not changed by dietary CLA in both pork loin and chicken breast irrespective of dietary CLA levels. However, drip loss of pork loin was higher than those of chicken breast.
UTILIZATION OF DEIONIZED WATER AND NONMEAT ADJUNCTS TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF CHUNKED AND FORMED BONELESS CURED HAM FORMULATED WITH PALE, SOFT AND EXUDATIVE RAW MATERIAL
Authors: WILBOURN J.A. , SCHILLING M.W. , MARTIN J.M. , COGGINS P.C. , ARMSTRONG T.A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT In three separate trials, randomized complete block designs with three replications were utilized to test the effects of deionized water and pale, soft and exudative (PSE) pork percentage on the quality of smoked and retorted ham (with and without nonmeat adjuncts). Product quality was determined through the evaluation of water‐holding capacity, cooked color, protein–protein bind and sensory evaluation. Retorting revealed the potential to reduce the pale‐color effect of PSE meat that is present in raw material and smoked deli ham. In retorted ham, modified food starch and soy protein concentrate reduced (P < 0.05) cook loss, and modified food starch improved color. Deionized water improved yields (1%) in smoked deli hams, and 25% pale pork was used without negatively affecting (P > 0.05) sensory or instrumental quality in a retort pouch ham product. Modified food starch also increased yields (P < 0.05) in retort pouch ham without negatively affecting sensory quality.
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHATE, ASCORBIC ACID, α‐TOCOPHEROL AND SALT WITH NONVACUUM TUMBLING ON LIPID OXIDATION AND WARMED‐OVER FLAVOR OF ROAST BEEF
Authors: CHENG JEN‐HUA , OCKERMAN HERBERT W. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Warmed‐over flavor (WOF) is the oxidative rancidity of cooked meat during refrigerated storage. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three antioxidants (phosphate, ascorbic acid and α‐tocopherol) with tumbling to retard lipid oxidation and to give more insight into WOF of precooked roast beef. The salted samples had significantly higher yields than the nonsalted roast beef. The 0.3% salt did not significantly promote lipid oxidation in refrigerated roast beef if three antioxidants were added. The control, which was not an injected treatment, had higher thicbarbituric acid reactive substrance (TBARS) values compared to other treatments that had the same values at day 2, 4 and 7. According to the sensory evaluation, the descriptor “oxidized” used to describe WOF and warmed‐over aroma (WOA) of the control had significantly higher values compared to other treatments. WOFO (oxidized), WOFC (cardboardy), WOAO (oxidized) and WOAC (cardboardy) scores of treatments significantly increased at day 7 compared to those at day 0. For roast beef flavor, the descriptor “fresh cooked beef” (FCB) scores for treatments indicated an insignificant difference. However, the FCB score was significantly lower at day 7 than that at day 0.
A systematic review of conservative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Piazzini D.B. , Aprile I. , Ferrara P.E. , Bertolini C. , Tonali P. , Maggi L. , Rabini A. , Piantelli S. , Padua L. 
Published: July 2007

Objective : To assess the effectiveness of conservative therapy in carpal tunnel syndrome. Data sources : A computer-aided search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 1985 to May 2006. Review methods : RCTs were included if: (1) the patients, with clinically and electrophysiologically confirmed carpal tunnel syndrome, had not previously undergone surgical release, (2) the efficacy of one or more conservative treatment options was evaluated, (3) the study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and performed data extraction using a standardized form. In order to assess the methodological quality, the criteria list of the Cochrane Back Review Group for systematic reviews was applied. The different treatment methods were grouped (local injections, oral therapies, physical therapies, therapeutic exercises and splints). Results : Thirty-three RCTs were included in the review. The studies were analysed to determine the strength of the available evidence for the efficacy of the treatment. Our review shows that: (1) locally injected steroids produce a significant but temporary improvement, (2) vitamin B6 is ineffective, (3) steroids are better than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and diuretics, but they can produce side-effects, (4) ultrasound is effective while laser therapy shows variable results, (5) exercise therapy is not effective, (6) splints are effective, especially if used full-time. Conclusion : There is: (1) strong evidence (level 1) on efficacy of local and oral steroids; (2) moderate evidence (level 2) that vitamin B6 is ineffective and splints are effective and (3) limited or conflicting evidence (level 3) that NSAIDs, diuretics, yoga, laser and ultrasound are effective whereas exercise therapy and botulinum toxin B injection are ineffective.
Transcriptome profiling of the small intestinal epithelium in germfree versus conventional piglets
Authors: Chowdhury Shankar R , King Dale E , Willing Benjamin P , Band Mark R , Beever Jonathan E , Lane Adrienne B , Loor Juan J , Marini Juan C , Rund Laurie A , Schook Lawrence B , Van Kessel Andrew G , Gaskins H Rex 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
To gain insight into host-microbe interactions in a piglet model, a functional genomics approach was used to address the working hypothesis that transcriptionally regulated genes associated with promoting epithelial barrier function are activated as a defensive response to the intestinal microbiota. Cesarean-derived germfree (GF) newborn piglets were colonized with adult swine feces, and villus and crypt epithelial cell transcriptomes from colonized and GF neonatal piglets were compared using laser-capture microdissection and high-density porcine oligonucleotide microarray technology.

Results
Consistent with our hypothesis, resident microbiota induced the expression of genes contributing to intestinal epithelial cell turnover, mucus biosynthesis, and priming of the immune system. Furthermore, differential expression of genes associated with antigen presentation (pan SLA class I, B2M, TAP1 and TAPBP) demonstrated that microbiota induced immune responses using a distinct regulatory mechanism common for these genes. Specifically, gene network analysis revealed that microbial colonization activated both type I (IFNAR) and type II (IFNGR) interferon receptor mediated signaling cascades leading to enhanced expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2 and IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) transcription factors and the induction of IFN-inducible genes as a reflection of intestinal epithelial inflammation. In addition, activated RNA expression of NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha (NFκBIA; a.k.a I-kappa-B-alpha, IKBα) and toll interacting protein (TOLLIP), both inhibitors of inflammation, along with downregulated expression of the immunoregulatory transcription factor GATA binding protein-1 (GATA1) is consistent with the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

Conclusion
This study supports the concept that the intestinal epithelium has evolved to maintain a physiological state of inflammation with respect to continuous microbial exposure, which serves to sustain a tight intestinal barrier while preventing overt inflammatory responses that would compromise barrier function.
Characterization of the dsDNA prophage sequences in the genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and visualization of productive bacteriophage
Authors: Piekarowicz Andrzej , Kłyż Aneta , Majchrzak Michał , Adamczyk-Popławska Monika , Maugel Timothy K , Stein Daniel C 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Bioinformatic analysis of the genome sequence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed the presence of nine probable prophage islands. The distribution, conservation and function of many of these sequences, and their ability to produce bacteriophage particles are unknown.

Results
Our analysis of the genomic sequence of FA1090 identified five genomic regions (NgoΦ1 – 5) that are related to dsDNA lysogenic phage. The genetic content of the dsDNA prophage sequences were examined in detail and found to contain blocks of genes encoding for proteins homologous to proteins responsible for phage DNA replication, structural proteins and proteins responsible for phage assembly. The DNA sequences from NgoΦ1, NgoΦ2 and NgoΦ3 contain some significant regions of identity. A unique region of NgoΦ2 showed very high similarity with the Pseudomonas aeruginosa generalized transducing phage F116. Comparative analysis at the nucleotide and protein levels suggests that the sequences of NgoΦ1 and NgoΦ2 encode functionally active phages, while NgoΦ3, NgoΦ4 and NgoΦ5 encode incomplete genomes. Expression of the NgoΦ1 and NgoΦ2 repressors in Escherichia coli inhibit the growth of E. coli and the propagation of phage λ. The NgoΦ2 repressor was able to inhibit transcription of N. gonorrhoeae genes and Haemophilus influenzae HP1 phage promoters. The holin gene of NgoΦ1 (identical to that encoded by NgoΦ2), when expressed in E. coli, could serve as substitute for the phage λ s gene. We were able to detect the presence of the DNA derived from NgoΦ1 in the cultures of N. gonorrhoeae. Electron microscopy analysis of culture supernatants revealed the presence of multiple forms of bacteriophage particles.

Conclusion
These data suggest that the genes similar to dsDNA lysogenic phage present in the gonococcus are generally conserved in this pathogen and that they are able to regulate the expression of other neisserial genes. Since phage particles were only present in culture supernatants after induction with mitomycin C, it indicates that the gonococcus also regulates the expression of bacteriophage genes.