bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition‐Metal Porous Coordination Polymers with a Podand Ligand: Structure of Discrete Water Clusters and Variable‐Temperature Magnetism
Authors: Neogi Subhadip , Sañudo E. Carolina , Bharadwaj Parimal K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe podand ligand tris(4‐carboxy‐2‐phenoxyethyl)amine (ptaH3) readily reacts with CoII, MnII and NiII salts at room temperature to afford porous coordination polymers, {Co(ptaH)·5H2O}n (1), {[Mn(ptaH)(H2O)]·4H2O}n (2), and {[Ni(ptaH)(4H2O)]·6H2O}n, (3). Crystallographic studies performed on these systems reveal that their structures are based on infinite chains of interlinked metallacycles. The bridging carboxylate groups extend the open framework structures, with oval‐shaped voids. Supramolecularly assembled water clusters of different sizes, whose structures are proportionate with the size and shape of the MOFs, fill these voids. While discrete (H2O)10 clusters are present in 1 and 2, both (H2O)2 and (H2O)16 clusters occupy the voids in 3. Magnetic susceptibility measurements, in the temperature range 2–300 K, on 1 and 2 reveal that the metal centers are antiferromagnetically coupled in each case. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Triphenylamine/Bis(terpyridine)IrIII Dyad for the Assembly of Charge‐Separation Constructs with Improved Performances
Authors: Flamigni Lucia , Ventura Barbara , Baranoff Etienne , Collin Jean‐Paul , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new dyad DII‐Ir consisting of a triphenylamine donor and a bis(terpyridine)IrIII acceptor separated by a bridge composed of two benzamide groups has been synthesized. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the dyad have been compared to those of a corresponding dyad D‐Ir characterized by a bridge connecting the donor and the acceptor consisting of a single benzamide unit. We show that, whereas the charge‐separation steps are still very efficient in the long dyad (≥99 %), charge recombination is slowed by a factor of three with respect to the short dyad. This encourages the use of this dyad in the assembly of a more elaborate array DII‐Ir‐A, expected to overcome the disappointingly low charge‐separation yield of a previously studied D‐Ir‐A short triad. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A CIP/multi‐moment finite volume method for shallow water equations with source terms
Authors: Akoh R. , Ii S. , Xiao F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA novel finite volume method has been presented to solve the shallow water equations. In addition to the volume‐integrated average (VIA) for each mesh cell, the surface‐integrated average (SIA) is also treated as the model variable and is independently predicted. The numerical reconstruction is conducted based on both the VIA and the SIA. Different approaches are used to update VIA and SIA separately. The SIA is updated by a semi‐Lagrangian scheme in terms of the Riemann invariants of the shallow water equations, while the VIA is computed by a flux‐based finite volume formulation and is thus exactly conserved. Numerical oscillation can be effectively avoided through the use of a non‐oscillatory interpolation function. The numerical formulations for both SIA and VIA moments maintain exactly the balance between the fluxes and the source terms. 1D and 2D numerical formulations are validated with numerical experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of instrumental variables in the presence of heterogeneity and self‐selection: an application to treatments of breast cancer patients
Authors: Basu Anirban , Heckman James J. , Navarro‐Lozano Salvador , Urzua Sergio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInstrumental variable (IV) methods are widely used in the health economics literature to adjust for hidden selection biases in observational studies when estimating treatment effects. Less attention has been paid in the applied literature to the proper use of IVs if treatment effects are heterogeneous across subjects and individuals select treatments based on expected idiosyncratic gains or losses from treatments. In this paper we compare conventional IV analysis with alternative approaches that use IVs to estimate treatment effects in models with response heterogeneity and self‐selection. Instead of interpreting IV estimates as the effect of treatment at an unknown margin of patients, we identify the marginal patients and we apply the method of local IVs to estimate the average treatment effect and the effect on the treated on 5‐year direct costs of breast‐conserving surgery and radiation therapy compared with mastectomy in breast cancer patients. We use a sample from the Outcomes and Preferences in Older Women, Nationwide Survey which is designed to be representative of all female Medicare beneficiaries (aged 67 or older) with newly diagnosed breast cancer between 1992 and 1994. Our results reveal some of the advantages and limitations of conventional and alternative IV methods in estimating mean treatment effect parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Giving greater financial independence to hospitals—does it make a difference? The case of English NHS Trusts
Authors: Marini Giorgia , Miraldo Marisa , Jacobs Rowena , Goddard Maria 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn 2003 a new type of provider organisation, the Foundation Trust (FT), was introduced in England, and the best performing NHS hospitals were able to apply for ‘Foundation status’. FTs enjoy greater financial flexibility and are subject to less central monitoring and control. The phased introduction of FTs represents an opportunity to examine whether the new financial structures facing FTs have produced any differences in financial performance compared with non‐FTs. We use difference in difference methods to examine whether Foundation status had a significant effect on financial management. We find that Foundation status has had a limited impact in terms of acting as an instrument to signal strong financial management of FTs. This result may reflect the relatively early stage of the FT process or may be due to the fact that all types of Trusts are experiencing a challenging financial environment, including the introduction of a prospective payment system. However, we explore the nature of the trends emerging over time and discuss the implications of our findings for policy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do maternal stress and home environment mediate the relation between early income‐to‐need and 54‐months attentional abilities?
Authors: Dilworth‐Bart Janean E. , Khurshid Ayesha , Vandell Deborah Lowe 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing Ecological Systems Theory and stage sequential modelling procedures for detecting mediation, this study examined how early developmental contexts impact preschoolers' performances on a measure of sustained attention and impulse control. Data from 1273 European‐American and African‐American participants in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care were used to identify the potential mediators of the relation between early household income‐to‐need (INR) and 54‐month impulsivity and inattention. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to determine whether the relationships between early income, home environment, parenting stress, and the outcome variables differ for African‐American versus European‐American‐American children. We found modest support for the study hypothesis that 36‐month home environment quality mediated the INR/attention relationship. INR accounted for more home environment score variance and home environment accounted for more Impulsivity score variance for African‐American children. Home environments were related to inattention in the European‐American, but not African‐American, group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene expression analysis of estrogenic compounds in the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using a custom cDNA microarray
Authors: Moens Lotte N. , van der Ven K. , Van Remortel P. , Del‐Favero J. , De Coen W. M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExposure to a variety of compounds with estrogenic activity has been shown to interfere with normal developmental and reproductive processes in various vertebrate species. The aim of this study was to determine the transcriptional profile of the natural estrogen, 17 beta‐estradiol, and three synthetic estrogenic compounds (4‐nonylphenol, bisphenol A, ethinylestradiol) in the liver of common carp, using a custom cDNA microarray. For that purpose, fish were aqueously exposed to three concentrations of each chemical for 24 or 96 h. Microarray analysis revealed that a total of 185 different gene transcripts were differentially expressed following exposure to at least one of the estrogen(‐like) concentrations. We were able to identify a common set of 28 gene fragments, whose expression was significantly modified in the same way by the three xenoestrogens and 17 beta‐estradiol. Although several of these gene expression effects corroborated past literature data, we also discovered some novel target genes of (xeno)estrogen exposure, providing interesting insights into the molecular basis of estrogenic effects. In addition, each of the four compounds induced gene expression changes that were not, or only partially, shared by the other chemicals, suggesting that not all chemicals with estrogenic activity act alike. These results demonstrate the potential of our customCyprinus carpiomicroarray to detect common estrogen‐like activity as well as to identify unique compound‐associated effects of (estrogenic) endocrine disruptors in fish. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:299–311, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20190
Using a comparative in vivo DNase I footprinting technique to analyze changes in protein–DNA interactions following phthalate exposure
Authors: Kuhl Adam J. , Ross Susan M. , Gaido Kevin W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExposure to environmental chemicals often induces changes in gene expression leading to a variety of developmental and physiological problems. Understanding the underlying mechanism of these changes will aid in assessing human risk to these chemicals. Traditional methods for analyzing protein–DNA interactions include in vivo footprinting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). However, ChIP does not provide binding location, and conventional footprinting is too subjective and time consuming for comparing protein binding in toxicological studies. Here, in vivo DNase I footprinting is adapted for use with the automated DNA sequencer to provide a semiquantitative map of changes in DNA–protein interactions in the promoter of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. StAR is the rate‐limiting step in testosterone biosynthesis and is downregulated following in utero di‐butyl phthalate (DBP) treatment in rats through an unknown mechanism. In vivo footprinting identified three regions of altered DNase digestibility following DBP treatment, and EMSA identified the corresponding transcription factors as SF‐1, c/ebp β, and GATA4. ChIP assays confirmed changes in protein‐binding activity of SF‐1 and c/ebp β, but only c/ebp β gesponds to only DBP. This suggests that c/ebp β ginding is involved in DBP‐induced transcriptional changes. By tailoring in vivo footprinting for toxicological studies, it can provide a detailed and accurate map of protein–DNA interactions and is an excellent first step in determining the changes in the structure of transcriptional machinery following an exogenous chemical treatment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:312–322, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20192
Mineralogical and chemical properties of FGD gypsum from Florina, Greece
Authors: Koukouzas Nikolaos , Vasilatos Charalampos 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:The aim of this work is to define the chemical and mineralogical composition of the fuel gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum produced from the Meliti thermal power plant in the region of Florina in North West Greece, in order to investigate potential uses in the cement industry. Mineralogical and microprobe analyses were carried out on FGD gypsum samples collected from the Meliti 330 MW lignite‐fired power plant.RESULTS:Results show that the main component of the FGD gypsum is pure mineral gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). The particle size of the gypsum ranges from 5 to 50 µm and the crystals are mainly of rhomboid shape. Microprobe analysis shows that the concentration of CaO and SO3, which are the main components, range from 31.9%–32.5% and from 45.90–46.40%, respectively.CONCLUSION:This FGD gypsum can easily substitute the natural gypsum used in the production of cement. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of ozonation on subsequent treatment of azo dye solutions
Authors: Khare Umesh K , Bose Purnendu , Vankar Padma S 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aqueous solutions of four azo‐dyes, Acid Red 14 (AR14), Congo Red (CR), Reactive Black 5 (RB5), and Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) were treated with ozone, and the impact of ozonation on their subsequent treatability by aerobic biodegradation processes was investigated.RESULTS: In all cases, ozonation at the highest ozone doses investigated could remove more than 96% of the original dye, and the corresponding residual colour of the azo dye solutions declined to less than 20 on the Pt‐Co scale. Ozonation also resulted in reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) the COD/TOC ratio and pH, while in all cases electrical conductivity of the dye solutions increased. Activity of the microbial colonies present in domestic wastewater was not inhibited when un‐ozonized solutions of these dyes were mixed in a 1:1 volumetric ratio with domestic wastewater, although the dyes themselves were not degraded. Also, no significant inhibition of microbial activity was observed in 1:1 mixtures of ozonized dye solutions and domestic wastewater, especially when the initial dye concentration was low and the applied ozone dose was high. In almost all cases, progressively enhanced BOD exertion was observed in mixtures containing dye solutions ozonized with progressively higher doses. This indicated that some ozonation by‐products of the above dyes could be degraded by microorganisms present in domestic wastewater.CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the above dye solutions, after ozonation for partial or complete colour removal, could be mixed with domestic wastewater for subsequent treatment by aerobic biological processes, with no adverse impact on the activity of the microbial colonies present in domestic wastewater. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of extracellular polymeric substances on microbial activity and cell hydrophobicity in biofilms
Authors: Gao Baoyu , Zhu Xiaobiao , Xu Chunhua , Yue Qinyan , Li Weiwei , Wei Jincheng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, the emphasis in studies on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has been on the extraction and quantitative analysis methods relating to activated sludge. However, little is currently known about the relationship between EPS and microbial activity and cell hydrophobicity in heterogeneous biofilms. This paper aims to reveal the relationship between them.RESULTS: Experimental results indicated that EPS content and components varied with depth in the aerobic biofilter. Protein was the main component of EPS at all depths within the biofilter, and the ratio of protein to polysaccharide was higher in the upper media than that in the lower media. Most active biomass was present in the bottom 25% of the biofilter near the inlet. By means of repeatedly washing intact cells, a sharp decline of EPS content of washed cells was obtained, while active biomass rarely decreased. Microbial activity as well as cell hydrophobicity at different filter depths decreased with the decline of EPS.CONCLUSION: Results indicated that EPS on cell surfaces are essential for microbial metabolism as well as for the formation and stability of biofilm, and it is possible to take EPS into consideration for biofilter control and microbial activity assessment. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Baring the soul: Paul Bindrim, Abraham Maslow and ‘Nude psychotherapy’
Authors: Nicholson Ian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNude psychotherapy is one of the most flamboyant therapeutic techniques ever developed in American psychology. Largely forgotten today, the therapy was an academic and popular sensation upon its introduction in 1967. Developed by psychologist Paul Bindrim, the therapy promised to guide clients to their authentic selves through the systematic removal of clothing. This paper explores the intellectual, cultural and ethical context of nude therapy and its significance as a form of unchurched spirituality. Although nude therapy has an indisputable tabloid character, it is also rooted in a long‐standing academic search for authenticity and ultimate meaning through science. Bindrim's career demonstrates the historically long‐standing interweaving of spirituality and science within American psychology while simultaneously highlighting the field's extraordinary capacity for adaptive reinvention. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of L2 lipase by Bacillus sp. strain L2: nutritional and physical factors
Authors: Shariff Fairolniza Mohd. , Leow Thean Chor , Mukred A. D. , Salleh Abu Bakar , Basri Mahiran , Rahman Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. strain L2 was isolated from a hot spring in Perak, Malaysia. An extracellular lipase activity was detected through plate and broth assays at 70 °C after 28 h of incubation. The L2 lipase production was growth dependent as revealed by a number of factors affecting the secretion of extracelullar lipase. As for nutritional factors, casamino acids, trehalose, Ca2+ and Tween 60 were found to be more effective for lipase production. The optimum physical condition for L2 lipase production was obtained at 70 °C after 28 h of cultivation time, at pH 7.0, 150 rpm of agitation rate and 1% of starting inoculum size. The activity staining of crude L2 lipase revealed a clearing zone at 39 kDa. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mutations and environmental factors affecting regulation of riboflavin synthesis and iron assimilation also cause oxidative stress in the yeast Pichia guilliermondii
Authors: Boretsky Yuriy R. , Protchenko Olga V. , Prokopiv Tetiana M. , Mukalov Igor O. , Fedorovych Daria V. , Sibirny Andriy A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIron deficiency causes oversynthesis of riboflavin in several yeast species, known as flavinogenic yeasts. However, the mechanisms of such regulation are not known. We found that mutations causing riboflavin overproduction and iron hyperaccumulation (rib80, rib81 and hit1), as well as cobalt excess or iron deficiency all provoke oxidative stress in the Pichia guilliermondii yeast. Iron content in the cells, production both of riboflavin and malondialdehyde by P. guilliermondii wild type and hit1 mutant strains depend on a type of carbon source used in cultivation media. The data suggest that the regulation of riboflavin biosynthesis and iron assimilation in P. guilliermondii are linked with cellular oxidative state. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of the growth behavior of Leishmania tarentolae – a new expression system for recombinant proteins
Authors: Fritsche Claudia , Sitz Mandy , Weiland Norman , Breitling Reinhard , Pohl Hans‐Dieter 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBiotechnological production of recombinant proteins for human therapy requires a cultivation of the host organism in a nutrient medium free of animal substances. Therefore, various nutrient media for the new expression system Leishmania tarentolae were developed and examined according to their cultivation conditions as static suspension culture and agitated culture. Investigations resulted in the development of a serum‐free but hemin containing medium, based on yeast extract and buffer salts. Here we report that a high and stable specific growth rate of 0.103 h–1 and a maximal cell density of 1 × 109 cells ml–1 is obtained in an alternative medium, the YE‐medium. For the newly developed medium, the successful expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein and the adaptation of the cultivation from the agitated culture to the bioreactor could be shown. Furthermore, an analytical method for detection of the essential, organic iron source hemin was established. The consumption of hemin was monitored because hemin is a potentially important process parameter for bioprocess control. With knowledge of these results, an improved expression system is available as an alternative to commonly used cell cultures for the production of recombinant proteins. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methanol production from CO2 by resting cells of the methanotrophic bacterium Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011
Authors: Xin Jia‐ying , Zhang Ying‐xin , Zhang Shuai , Xia Chun‐gu , Li Shu‐ben 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMethanol production from carbon dioxide was successfully achieved using resting cells of Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011 as biocatalysts. Carbon dioxide was reduced to methanol and extracellular methanol accumulation has been found in the carbon dioxide incubations. However, resting cells of methanotrophs have a finite or intrinsic methanol production capacity due to a limiting supply of intracellular reducing equivalent. It has been found that the catabolism of stored Poly‐β ‐Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can provide intracellular reducing equivalents to improve the intrinsic methanol production capacity. The initial nitrogen and copper concentration in the culture medium were studied for the accumulation of PHB by M. trichosporium IMV 3011, to expand its potential uses in methanol production from carbon dioxide reduction. It appeared that the total methanol production capacity was increased with increasing PHB content in cells. Resting cells containing 38.6% PHB exhibited the highest total methanol production capacity. But higher PHB accumulation adversely affected the total methanol production capacity. The effects of methanol production process on the survival and recovery of M. trichosporium IMV 3011 were examined. The results showed that the methanol production from carbon dioxide reduction was not detrimental to the viability of methanotrophs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Biodegradation of kerosene by Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM‐1146
Authors: Saratale Ganesh , Kalme Satish , Bhosale Sanjyot , Govindwar Sanjay 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe filamentous fungus Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM‐1146 was found to degrade kerosene, when previously grown mycelium (96 h) was incubated in the broth containing kerosene. Higher levels of NADPH‐DCIP reductase, aminopyrine N‐demethylase and kerosene biodegradation activities were found to be present after the growth in potato dextrose broth for 96 h, when compared with the activities at different time intervals during the growth phase. NADPH was the preferred cofactor for enzyme activity, which was inhibited by CO, indicating cytochrome P450 mediated reactions. A significant increase in all the enzyme activities was observed when mycelium incubated for 18 h in mineral salts medium, containing cholesterol, camphor, naphthalene, 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene, phenobarbital, n‐hexane, kerosene or saffola oil as inducers. Acetaldehyde produced by alcohol dehydrogenase could be used as an indicator for the kerosene biodegradation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)