bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraovarian/paratubal cysts: comparison of transvaginal sonographic and pathological findings to establish diagnostic criteria
Authors: Savelli L. , Ghi T. , De Iaco P. , Ceccaroni M. , Venturoli S. , Cacciatore B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the sonographic features of paraovarian cysts and to compare these features with pathological findings in order to define the best treatment options (surgical vs. conservative).MethodsFifty patients (mean age 48 (range, 14–68) years), each with a surgically proven paraovarian cyst, were retrospectively recruited. Preoperative transvaginal ultrasonographic B‐mode and power Doppler observations were re‐evaluated and histological reports were analyzed.ResultsAll cysts were correctly diagnosed as paraovarian at preoperative transvaginal sonography (TVS). Paraovarian cysts appeared as unilocular (‘simple’) cysts in 33 (66%) cases and multilocular in two (4%). In 15 patients (30%) the cyst showed a variable number of papillary projections growing from the cyst wall (unilocular–solid cysts). Power Doppler examination of the papillae showed the presence of blood vessels in four of these patients (27%). Histological analysis of the masses containing papillary projections diagnosed eight cystadenofibromas, five cystadenomas and two serous papillary borderline tumors, while analysis of paraovarian cysts without papillations revealed benign, serous cysts of paramesonephric or mesothelial origin.ConclusionsParaovarian cysts can show a wide range of sonographic features. Their risk of malignancy is low if no papillary projections are detected at transvaginal sonography, but when mural proliferations are present a borderline tumor can be found at pathological examination. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UMTS security: system architecture and hardware implementation
Authors: Kitsos P. , Sklavos N. , Koufopavlou O. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUniversal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) has specified security mechanisms with extra features compared to the security mechanisms of previous mobile communication systems (GSM, DECT). A hardware implementation of the UMTS security mechanism is presented in this paper. The proposed VLSI system supports the Authentication and Key Agreement procedure (AKA), the data confidentiality procedure, and the integrity protection procedure. The AKA procedure is based on RIJNDAEL Block Cipher. An efficient RIJNDAEL architecture is proposed in order to minimize the usage of hardware resources. The proposed implementation performs the AKA procedure within 76 µs comparing with the 500 ms that UMTS specifies. The data confidentiality and the integrity protection is based on KASUMI Block Cipher. The proposed KASUMI architecture reduces the hardware resources and power consumption. It uses feedback logic and positive‐negative edge‐triggered pipeline in order to make the critical path shorter, without increasing the execution latency. The S‐BOXes that are used from RIJNDAEL and KASUMI block ciphers have been implemented with combinational logic as well as with ROM blocks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The yeast potassium transporter TRK2 is able to substitute for TRK1 in its biological function under low K and low pH conditions
Authors: Michel Bertha , Lozano Carlos , Rodríguez Miriam , Coria Roberto , Ramírez Jorge , Peña Antonio 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn S. cerevisiae, K+ transport relies principally on two structurally related membrane proteins, known as Trk1p and Trk2p. Direct involvement in cation movements has been demonstrated for Trk1p, which is a high‐affinity K+ transporter. Initially described as a low‐affinity K+ transporter, Trk2p seems to play a minor role in K+ transport, since its activity is only apparent under very specific conditions, such as in a Δsin3 background. Here we show that growth of a Δtrk1Δsin3 double mutant, under K+‐limiting conditions or at low pH, is Trk2p‐dependent, and by Northern blot analysis we demonstrate that deletion of SIN3 results in transcriptional derepression of TRK2. In addition, we show that heterologous overexpression of TRK2 with the inducible GAL1 promoter bypasses Sin3p repression in a Δtrk1Δtrk2 double mutant and fully restores growth under non‐permissive conditions. Furthermore, kinetic experiments in a Δtrk1Δsin3 double mutant revealed a K+ transporter with an apparent high affinity and a moderate capacity. Taken together, these results indicate that TRK2 encodes a functional K+ transporter that, under our experimental conditions, displays distinctive kinetic characteristics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Anomaly of the Median Artery Associated with the Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome
Authors: PROUDMAN T. W. , MENZ P. J. 
Published: July 2006

The anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is characterized by paralysis of the flexor pollicis longus muscle, the flexor digitorum profundus muscle to the index and middle fingers, and the pronator quadratus muscle. The most common cause is entrapment of the anterior interosseous nerve near its origin from the median nerve by a variety of structures. Compression is most frequently caused by the deep head of the pronator teres muscle, or the fibrous arcade of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Vascular compression has been reported infrequently. A patient with anterior interosseous nerve syndrome was found at operation to have the median artery passing through the anterior interosseous nerve just below the elbow. This artery has not previously been associated with the syndrome. A cadaver dissection confirmed the relationship.
Freeze-Thawed Skeletal Muscle Autografts used for Brachial Plexus Repair in the Non-Human Primate
Authors: GLASBY M. A. , CARRICK M. J. , HEMS T. E. J. 
Published: July 2006

An experimental study undertaken in the marmoset is reported. A defect in the lateral cord of the brachial plexus was repaired with a longitudinally aligned freeze-thawed skeletal muscle autograft. Recovery was assessed after one year using sensory and motor electrophysiological and also histological examination of the nerve. The results show that this is a satisfactory method of peripheral nerve repair in the marmoset. It is suggested that the technique may be applicable to repair of the human brachial plexus.
Localization of the Rho GTPases and some Rho effector proteins in the sperm of several mammalian species
Authors: Ducummon Carl C. , Berger Trish 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThe acrosome reaction is a fundamental event in the biology of the sperm and is a prerequisite to fertilization of the egg. Members of the Rho family of GTPases and their effectors are present in the cytoplasm and/or plasma membrane overlying the acrosome of porcine sperm. We have implicated the Rho family of GTPases and the Rho-activated kinase, ROCK-1, in mediating the zona-pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. Others have implicated the Rho GTPase in regulating the ionophore-induced acrosome reaction in the sperm of several mammalian species as well as in motility of bovine sperm. In this study, the localization of the Rho GTPases (RhoA, RhoB, Rac1 and Cdc42) as well as the effectors RhoGDI, PI(4)P5K and ROCK-1, was determined in boar, human, rat, ram, bull and elephant sperm. The four GTPases were each present in the sperm head of all species examined. RhoGDI was expressed in the head and tail of sperm from all species except pig, where it was present only in the head. PI(4)P5K was expressed in both head and tail of sperm from all species, but expression was typically weaker in the tail. Finally, ROCK-1 was expressed in the heads and tails of all sperm except that of the boar, where it was present only in the acrosomal region. These observations taken together suggest that the expression of Rho GTPases in sperm has been conserved throughout mammalian evolution, most likely due to the role of these GTPases in regulating acrosomal exocytosis.
Detecting potential labeling errors in microarrays by data perturbation
Authors: Malossini Andrea , Blanzieri Enrico , Ng Raymond T. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Classification is widely used in medical applications. However, the quality of the classifier depends critically on the accurate labeling of the training data. But for many medical applications, labeling a sample or grading a biopsy can be subjective. Existing studies confirm this phenomenon and show that even a very small number of mislabeled samples could deeply degrade the performance of the obtained classifier, particularly when the sample size is small. The problem we address in this paper is to develop a method for automatically detecting samples that are possibly mislabeled.
Results: We propose two algorithms, a classification-stability algorithm and a leave-one-out-error-sensitivity algorithm for detecting possibly mislabeled samples. For both algorithms, the key structure is the computation of the leave-one-out perturbation matrix. The classification-stability algorithm is based on measuring the stability of the label of a sample with respect to label changes of other samples and the version of this algorithm based on the support vector machine appears to be quite accurate for three real datasets. The suspect list produced by the version is of high quality. Furthermore, when human intervention is not available, the correction heuristic appears to be beneficial.
Contact: malossin@dit.unitn.it
Constructing biological networks through combined literature mining and microarray analysis: a LMMA approach
Authors: Li Shao , Wu Lijiang , Zhang Zhongqi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Network reconstruction of biological entities is very important for understanding biological processes and the organizational principles of biological systems. This work focuses on integrating both the literatures and microarray gene-expression data, and a combined literature mining and microarray analysis (LMMA) approach is developed to construct gene networks of a specific biological system.
Results: In the LMMA approach, a global network is first constructed using the literature-based co-occurrence method. It is then refined using microarray data through a multivariate selection procedure. An application of LMMA to the angiogenesis is presented. Our result shows that the LMMA-based network is more reliable than the co-occurrence-based network in dealing with multiple levels of KEGG gene, KEGG Orthology and pathway.
Availability: The LMMA program is available upon request.
Contact: shaoli@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Botulinum Toxin A for Neuropathic Pain After Neck Dissection: A Dose‐Finding Study
Authors: Wittekindt Claus , Liu Wei‐Chi , Preuss Simon F. , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: Botulinum toxin type A (BtxA) has been reported to be feasible in chronic neuropathic pain after neck dissection. The impact of the dose on the outcome has not been investigated yet.Study Design: Twenty‐three patients with neuropathic pain after neck dissection were selected for an open and prospective phase II trial.Methods: In the low‐dose group (n = 13), a concentration of 10 mouse units (MU)/0.1 mL saline and in the high‐dose‐group (n = 10), a concentration of 20 MU/0.1 mL saline were injected subcutaneously. Pain and quality of life were assessed at day 0 and day 28, respectively, by visual analog scales (VAS) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality‐of‐life core and EORTC quality‐of‐life head and neck module questionnaires.Results: Patients in the low‐dose group showed a significant pain reduction (VAS) from 4.3 at day 0 to 3.0 at day 28 (P < .05). The mean pain VAS values in the high‐dose group did not improve significantly. No serious adverse events were observed. There were trends toward improvement in quality of life in the low‐dose group.Conclusions: BtxA in a low concentration seems to be a useful therapeutic option in chronic neuropathic pain of the neck and shoulder after neck dissection.
Contact Endoscopic Comparison of Morphology of Human Fungiform Papillae of Healthy Subjects and Patients with Transected Chorda Tympani Nerve
Authors: Just Tino , Pau Hans Wilhelm , Witt Martin , Hummel Thomas 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: The chorda tympani nerve (CTN) carries gustatory fibers from taste buds of fungiform papillae (fPap) of the anterior portion of the tongue. Accordingly, middle ear surgery with transection of the CTN may result in gustatory impairment. With use of contact endoscopy, the present study aimed to compare number and shape of fPap and subepithelial vessel formation in patients after CTN transection with that of healthy controls.Material and Methods: The number of fPap per square centimeter was obtained in addition to measures of gustatory sensitivity using electrogustometry and intensity ratings of natural taste stimuli. Data from 32 healthy subjects (mean age 40 yr; 16 female, 16 male) were compared with those from 14 patients whose CTN had been cut and partly resected during middle ear surgery because of cholesteatoma (mean age 38 yr; 7 female, 7 male). Middle ear surgery was performed by two of the authors.Results: In healthy subjects, a higher fPap density was found on the tongue's tip compared with its edge; younger subjects had higher densities than older subjects. No sex‐related differences were observed. Patients with transected CTN exhibited a significant decrease of taste function as measured with both natural and electric stimuli. In patients, we found significantly fewer and flatter fPap on the side of the tongue where surgery had been performed in comparison with the contralateral side. In addition, fPap density at the ipsilateral side was significantly lower compared with fPap density on the respective side in healthy controls.Conclusion: As established through contact endoscopy, the number of fPap decreases in relation to deafferentation and also in relation to the subjects' age, both of which are accompanied by a decreased gustatory sensitivity.
Cross‐cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Chinese Voice Handicap Index‐10
Authors: Lam Paul K. Y. , Chan Karen M , Ho WK , Kwong Elaine , Yiu Edwin M , Wei William I 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Recent developments in voice assessment propose the use of quality of life measurements. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is one of the most psychometrically robust and well‐studied instruments among the various instruments for measuring quality of life. Two versions of VHI (VHI‐30 and VHI‐10) have been shown to be valid instruments for distinguishing dysphonic from nondysphonic individuals and also for documenting treatment effect for dysphonic patients. The VHI has been used worldwide; however, the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of VHI remains untested. This study aimed to investigate such properties of the Chinese VHI‐30 and VHI‐10 in the Hong Kong Chinese population.Study Design: Psychometric analysis of the Chinese VHI‐30 and VHI‐10 in dysphonic patients and control subjects.Methods: The original VHI‐30 was translated into Chinese and was completed by 131 dysphonic patients and 54 nondysphonic individuals. The dysphonic patients also self‐rated their dysphonic severity.Results: Results showed high test‐retest reliability and high item‐total correlation for both Chinese VHI‐30 and VHI‐10. Both Chinese versions could be used to distinguish different dysphonic groups and between dysphonic and nondysphonic groups. Significant correlation was found between the VHI scores and the patients' self‐rated dysphonic severity.Conclusion: The present study supported the original three‐factorial structures of the VHI‐30 and the use of the VHI for the Chinese population. It is shown that the Chinese VHI‐10 is a strong representation of VHI‐30 and is recommended for use in clinics because of its validity and ease of use by patients.
Viscoelastic and Histologic Properties in Scarred Rabbit Vocal Folds After Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection
Authors: Hertegård S , Cedervall J , Svensson B , Forsberg K , Maurer F H. J. , Vidovska D , Olivius P , Ährlund‐Richter L , Le Blanc K 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to analyze the short‐term viscoelastic and histologic properties of scarred rabbit vocal folds after injection of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as well as the degree of MSC survival. Because MSCs are antiinflammatory and regenerate mesenchymal tissues, can MSC injection reduce vocal fold scarring after injury?Study Design: Twelve vocal folds from 10 New Zealand rabbits were scarred by a localized resection and injected with human MSC or saline. Eight vocal folds were left as controls.Material and Methods: After 4 weeks, 10 larynges were stained for histology and evaluation of the lamina propria thickness. Collagen type I content was analyzed from six rabbits. MSC survival was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization staining from three rabbits. Viscoelasticity for 10 vocal folds was analyzed in a parallel‐plate rheometer.Results: The rheometry on fresh‐frozen samples showed decreased dynamic viscosity and lower elastic modulus (P < .01) in the scarred samples injected with MSC as compared with the untreated scarred group. Normal controls had lower dynamic viscosity and elastic modulus as compared with the scarred untreated and treated vocal folds (P < .01). Histologic analysis showed a higher content of collagen type 1 in the scarred samples as compared with the normal vocal folds and with the scarred folds treated with MSC. MSCs remained in all samples analyzed.Conclusions: The treated scarred vocal folds showed persistent MSC. Injection of scarred rabbit vocal folds with MSC rendered improved viscoelastic parameters and less signs of scarring expressed as collagen content in comparison to the untreated scarred vocal folds.
Sex Differences in Outcomes of Sinus Surgery
Authors: Mendolia‐Loffredo Sabrina , Laud Purushottam W. , Sparapani Rodney , Loehrl Todd A. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpose: Sex has been demonstrated to affect outcome in many diseases. Our current aim is to investigate the relationship between sex and outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Methods: Forty‐four males and 73 females undergoing ESS for CRS with a mean follow‐up of 1.4 years were evaluated prospectively. Computed tomography (CT), endoscopy, and quality of life (QOL) assessment was performed. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether sex was predictive of outcome. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate sex association with patient factors predictive of outcome.Results: Although no sex differences in CT and endoscopy were observed (CT, P = .107 and endoscopy, P > .1), females consistently scored worse than males on disease‐specific QOL pre‐ and postoperatively. Importantly, there was no effect of sex on improvement/change scores for the QOL instruments.Predictive Models and Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis: Sex was not found to be predictive of QOL or endoscopic outcome. Female sex was, however, associated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) intolerance and depression, both factors that have been associated with poorer outcome.Conclusion: Despite similarities in objective disease measures, females report significantly worse QOL scores pre‐ and postoperatively. Postoperative improvement did not differ by sex, nor was sex predictive of postoperative outcome. Sex differences in QOL reflect sex differences in ASA intolerance and depression, both more prevalent in females.
Management of Contralateral N0 Neck in Pyriform Sinus Carcinoma
Authors: Koo Bon Seok , Lim Young Chang , Lee Jin Seok , Kim Young‐Ho , Kim Se‐Heon , Choi Eun Chang 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: The hypopharynx has a rich lymphatic network that places patients with tumors of the hypopharynx at high risk for early dissemination of the disease into the cervical lymphatics. Therefore, ipsilateral elective neck dissection of clinically N0 neck in lateralized lesions of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is widely accepted as a standard treatment. However, the management of the contralateral N0 neck is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictive factors of contralateral occult lymph node metastasis in pyriform sinus SCC.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 43 patients with N0 to 3 pyriform sinus SCC with contralateral clinically node‐negative necks who had also received contralateral elective neck dissections from 1994 to 2003. Surgical treatment was followed by postoperative radiotherapy in 41 patients. The follow‐up period ranged from 4 to 135 months (mean, 40 months). The Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test were used to calculate the disease‐specific survival rates and prognostic significance of contralateral occult lymph node metastasis.Results: Contralateral occult lymph node metastases occurred in 16% (seven of 43) of the subjects. Twenty‐six percent of the 27 subjects with clinically node‐positive ipsilateral neck developed contralateral occult lymph node metastases, whereas 0% of the 16 subjects with N0 ipsilateral necks (P = .035) developed the disease. Moreover, in cases with primary site extension across the midline, the rate of contralateral occult neck metastasis was significantly higher (P = .010). However, there were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, early versus advanced T stage, number of ipsilateral positive nodes, lymph nodes with extracapsular spread, primary subsite of medial versus lateral pyriform sinus, pyriform sinus apex involvement, and growth type. Patients with no evidence of contralateral nodal cancer had significantly improved disease‐specific survival over patients with any pathologically positive nodes (5‐year disease‐specific survival rate, 66% vs. 33%, P < .05).Conclusion: The patients with pyriform sinus SCC with clinically ipsilateral N+ neck and/or extension across the midline are at greater risk for contralateral occult neck metastases. Furthermore, patients who present with a contralateral metastatic neck have a worse prognosis than those staged as N0. Therefore, we advocate bilateral neck treatment in patients with pyriform sinus SCC with clinically ipsilateral node metastases and/or extension across the midline.