bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of intraoperative irradiation on gastric and urinary bladder incisions in the dog
Authors: Craig James A. , Sigler Robert , Walker Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fourteen adult dogs of mixed breeding were given intraoperative irradiation (25 Gy) after surgical incisions were made into the greater curvature of the stomach and the ventral surface of the urinary bladder. Sequential biopsy samples were obtained 10 days to 180 days after surgical operation. All irradiated stomachs developed gastritis and persistent ulceration of the irradiated field. Microscopic changes induced by irradiation of both the bladder and stomach progressed from severe submucosal edema to severe submucosal fibrosis. A parallel progression of fibrinoid degeneration of the small blood vessels was seen in both organs. Severe gastric ulceration persisted up to 180 days after irradiation, although a degree of mucous neck cell and gastric gland regeneration did occur.
Pathologic changes were less severe in the bladder than in the stomach. The bladder had greater resiliency and capability for healing and, in contrast to the stomach, showed a capability to reepithelialize the radiation-induced ulcers.
Conclusions of this study are as follows: (a) the canine urinary bladder tolerated intraoperative radiation therapy after tissue resection better than did the canine stomach, (b) the combination of surgical operation and irradiation resulted in a more prolonged and complicated healing pattern than did either procedure alone, and (c) the introduction of a surgical procedure upon irradiated tissue within an undetermined time span relative to irradiation resulted in a similar pattern of disturbed healing.
Fate of sodium pentobarbital in rendered products
Authors: O'Connor John J. , Stowe Clarence M. , Robinson Robert R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The fate of pentobarbital through rendering was evaluated by following a group of euthanatized animals through a commercial rendering facility. Samples of material were collected at various points in the rendering process, and assays for pentobarbital were conducted by an ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that the pentobarbital, or a closely related analogue, survived rendering without undergoing degradation. The pentobarbital was distributed approximately equally between the meat and bone meal and tallow fractions. If pentobarbital-euthanatized animals are processed along with other raw materials throughout a day's production, the likelihood of significant residues being present in rendered products is minimal.
High-yield preparation of purified Anaplasma marginale from infected bovine red blood cells
Authors: McCorkle-Shirley S. , Hart L. T. , Larson A. D. , Todd W. J. , Myhand J. Donovan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Purification of Anaplasma marginale from infected bovine rbc was achieved through enzyme treatment and density-gradient centrifugation. A relative yield of 41.6% was obtained by dividing the number of organisms in the final purified preparation by the number of A marginale-infected rbc. Purified parasites were verified as A marginale by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunologic tests. The purified parasites reacted positively with calf and rabbit anti-A marginale sera in interfacial and slide agglutination tests. Anti-bovine rbc serum did not agglutinate purified A marginale, indicating absence of any contaminating rbc stroma. Anaplasma marginale was antigenic, but did not cause infection when the preparation was inoculated into a susceptible calf. The density of A marginale was determined to be 1.19 g/ml and cell diameters ranged from 0.25 to 0.63 µm. This method provided procedures for obtaining A marginale free of bovine rbc antigens for accurate biochemical assays and vaccine production.
Enzyme histochemical features of equine gluteus muscle fibers
Authors: van den Hoven R. , Meijer A. E. F. H. , Wensing Th. , Breukink H. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gluteal muscle specimens were taken from 4 horses. From 1 of the 4 gluteal muscles, serial sections were prepared. Individual muscle fibers were identified and studied, using photomicrographs of sections stained by different enzyme histochemical methods. In specimens in which cytoplasmic soluble enzymes were studied, use was made of the semi-permeable membrane technique to hamper enzyme diffusion into reaction fluids. Enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, synthesis of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the pentose phosphate cycle, the α-glycerolphosphate shuttle, the respiratory chain, catabolism, and muscular contraction were studied. Some key enzymes of different metabolic pathways were also included.
Each of 3 fiber types identified had distinct features. Type I fibers were characterized by a relatively strong aerobic capacity, compared with type IIA fibers, which were more glycolytic and had strong aerobic and moderate-to-strong anaerobic capacity. Type IIB fibers were characterized by a relatively low aerobic and a relatively high anaerobic capacity, and were glycolytic. Activities of phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-naphtylesterase (nonspecific esterase) were so markedly different in the 3 fiber types that fiber typing was possible, aided by the demonstration of the activities of these enzymes. In type IIB fibers, the pentose phosphate cycle was more important than in the other fiber types. Except for the unexplained high α-naphtylesterase activity in type IIB fibers, catabolic enzymes were not active in healthy equine muscle fibers.
Relationship of serum concentrations of several enzymes to the porcine stress syndrome
Authors: Borgman Robert F. , Handlin Dale L. , Skelley George C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum enzyme concentrations were determined in 319 Hampshire pigs (approx 2 months of age). Significant positive correlations were found when creatine kinase (ck) concentrations were compared with lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase values, but not when compared with aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase values. In an additional study, a litter from a sow with high serum ck concentrations was observed at 2, 3, 4, and 5 months of age for serum ck concentrations. The ck concentration increased as the pigs aged, and soft exudative pork was found upon slaughter of the pigs at 5 months of age. It is believed that ck, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase determinations in weanling pigs would have value for reducing the frequency of the porcine stress syndrome and soft exudative pork in breeding stock. If only a portion of the genetic carriers was removed, the effect would be considerable within a few generations.
Attempted reactivation of contagious ecthyma in Dall sheep
Authors: Zarnke Randall L. , Dieterich Robert A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dexamethasone was administered to 2 Dall ewes that had clinically recovered from contagious ecthyma in an attempt to reactivate contagious ecthyma in the sheep. Clinical signs of disease were not detected within 24 days after corticosteroid injection, and virus was not detected in tissues collected at necropsy.
Effects of canine distemper virus on natural killer cell activity in dogs
Authors: Ringler Susan S. , Krakowka Steven 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An in vitro 51Cr-release assay was developed to detect the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells (nk) of canine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes to canine distemper virus (cdv) target cell membrane-bound antigens. Leukocytes from 23 young (≥ 1 week of age), cdv-naive gnotobiotic dogs could discriminate between noninfected control and cdv-infected Vero target cells. However, the amount of preinfection nk activity did not positively correlate with the ultimate outcome of the disease process when these same dogs were given virulent R252-cdv. Evaluation of preinfection and postinfection cdv-specific nk activity indicated that infection-associated increases in cytolysis of cdv-infected or noninfected Vero targets did not occur. In vitro infection of peripheral blood leukocytes with cdv did not change the kinetics or magnitude of nk-mediated cytolysis of homologous virus-infected or other NK-susceptible target cells.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of amikacin in dogs
Authors: Baggot J. Desmond , Ling Gerald V. , Chatfield Ronald C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
After iv, im, and subcutaneous injection of single dosages of amikacin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of body weight) in each of 4 dogs, the elimination kinetics of amikacin were determined. The pattern of urinary excretion and cumulative amount excreted unchanged in 24 hours were also determined. Amikacin had a short half-life (approx 1 hour) that was independent of the dosage. Intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg gave apparent volume of distribution of 226 ± 37 ml/kg and body clearance of 2.64 ± 0.24 ml/min·kg (mean ± sd, n = 4). Within 6 hours, > 90% of the antibiotic was excreted in the urine, regardless of the route of administration. For isolates of common bacterial species from the canine urinary tract, minimum inhibitory concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and kanamycin were determined in vitro. Cumulative percentages were approximately the same for urinary isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and coagulase-positive staphylococci that were susceptible (minimum inhibitory concentrations ≤ 32 fig/ml) to increasing concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, in vitro. Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly more susceptible to amikacin than were the other bacteria evaluated. Widest variations in susceptibility to aminoglycosides were found with urinary isolates of streptococcal species. For dogs with normal renal function, an amikacin dosage of 10 mg/kg (im or subcutaneously) is recommended every 8 hours for treatment of systemic infections, and every 12 hours for treatment of urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs anesthetized with halothane: Potentiation by thiamylal and thiopental
Authors: Bednarski Richard M. , Majors Lynda J. , Atlee John L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Epinephrine-induced ventricular arrhythmias were studied in 8 dogs anesthetized at weekly intervals with halothane (1.09% end-tidal concentration) preceded by thiamylal or thiopental (20 mg/kg of body weight). Lead II, bundle of His and high right atrial electrograms, and femoral artery and airway pressures were recorded. Epinephrine was infused in logarithmically spaced increasing rates (initial rate = 0.25 μg/kg/min) for a maximum of 2.5 minutes. The maximal (≥ 4 ventricular premature depolarizations within 15 s of each other) and minimal (all other ventricular or junctional rhythms) arrhythmogenic doses were calculated (infusion rate − time to arrhythmia). The mean (± sd) minimal arrhythmogenic dosages for the thiamylal-halothane, thiopental-halothane, and halothane-only groups were 1.84 ± 0.66,1.83 ± 0.64, and 3.69 ± 1.32 μg/kg, respectively; the mean (± sd) maximal arrhythmogenic dosages were 2.32 ± 0.77, 3.37 ± 1.30, and 8.86 ± 4.40 μg/kg, respectively, with no change after 4 hours of anesthesia. During infusion of the maximal arrhythmogenic dosages, the mean infusion of the maximal arrhythmogenic dosages, the mean percentage increase in serum K+ for thiamylal-halothane, thiopental-halothane, and halothane-only groups was 33 ± 14%, 31 ± 13%, and 38 ± 18%, respectively.
Ketamine in dogs
Authors: Haskins Steve C. , Farver Tom B. , Patz John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The cardiopulmonary consequences of ketamine (10 mg/kg, iv) were evaluated in 18 dogs. Heart rate, cardiac output, systemic blood pressure, left ventricular work, oxygen transport, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and core temperature increased. Breathing rate, minute ventilation, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen transiently decreased. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and venous admixture transiently increased.
The duration of action of ketamine for surgical anesthesia was short. Muscle tone and salivation were excessive, and spontaneous muscular activity was prominent.
Efficacy of fenbendazole and cambendazole against Muellerius capillaris in dairy goats
Authors: Bliss E. L. , Greiner E. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two anthelmintics, fenbendazole and cambendazole, were used in an attempt to eliminate Muellerius capillaris infections in a group of 44 goats. During the course of this study (508 days), M capillaris larvae were found in at least one fecal specimen from each of 22 of the 44 goats. All 44 goats were dewormed with fenbendazole (30 mg/kg of body weight) at the onset of this study (day 18). Two additional dewormings with fenbendazole at 4- to 8-week intervals were restricted to the goats that continued to shed M capillaris larvae. On the basis of routine fecal examinations, fenbendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 8 (36%) of these 22 goats.
On day 253, cambendazole (60 mg/kg) was given orally to 17 of these 22 goats (2 of the 22 had died and 3 were not available for treatment); 13 of these goats were still shedding M capillaris larvae. Cambendazole eliminated M capillaris larvae from the feces of 10 (77%) of these 13 goats chronically infected with M capillaris.
Binding characteristics of swine erythrocyte insulin receptors
Authors: Dieberg G. , Bryan G. S. , Sartin J. L. , Williams J. C. , Prince T. J. , Kemppainen R. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Crossbred gilts (controls; n = 7) had 8.8 ± 1.1% (mean ± sem) maximum binding of [125I]insulin to insulin receptors on erythrocytes. The number of insulin-binding sites per cell was 137 ± 19, with a binding affinity ranging from 7.4 × 107M−1 to 11.2 × 107M−1 and mean of 8.8 × 107M−1. Pregnant sows (n = 5) had a significant increase (P < 0.01) in maximum binding due to an increase in number of receptor sites per cell. Lactating sows fed a high-fiber diet (n = 3) and a low-fiber diet (n = 4) did not develop a significant difference in maximum binding of insulin. Sows fed the low-fiber diet had a significantly higher number of binding sites and a significantly lower binding affinity than did sows fed a high-fiber diet. Receptor-binding affinity was lower in the low-fiber diet group than in cycling gilts, whereas data from sows fed the high-fiber diet did not differ from data for cycling gilts.
Data from this study indicated that insulin receptors of swine erythrocytes have binding characteristics similar to those in other species. Pregnancy and diet will alter insulin receptor binding in swine.
Hormonal response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in healthy horses and in horses with pituitary adenoma
Authors: Beech Jill , Garcia Marolo 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cortisol, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin, and glucose responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) were evaluated in 12 healthy, mature horses and in 7 horses and 4 ponies with clinical signs of pituitary adenoma (pa). Within 1 hour after trh administration, the increase in T3 and T4 was similar in healthy horses and animals with pa. Plasma cortisol in the group with pa increased (P < 0.05) within 0.25 hours after trh administration, and remained increased for 1.5 hours. In the control group, a significant increase in plasma cortisol concentrations did not develop after trh administration. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher in animals with pa than in the healthy horses throughout the experiment (6 hours).
Viral matrix inclusion bodies in myocardium of lymphoid leukosis virus-infected chickens
Authors: Gilka F. , Spencer J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chicken embryos and healthy adult chickens naturally infected with lymphoid leukosis virus were used to investigate viral inclusion bodies in myocardial cells by light and electron microscopies and by immunocytochemical technique. Intracytoplasmic viral matrix inclusion bodies frequently appeared in the myocardium of adult chickens, but not in that of embryos. In light microscopic preparations, inclusions were irregularly distributed, were basophilic, and contained ribonucleic acid. Ultrastructurally, inclusions in myocardial cells were in areas containing numerous interstitial C-type particles. Early inclusions were composed of clusters of ribosomes associated with sarcoplasmic tubules; spherical bodies developed among these ribosomes. Mature inclusions were composed of numerous spherical bodies (50 to 75 nm) with interspersed ribosomes and of ribosomes clustered at the periphery. Inclusions were not membrane-enclosed. Occasionally, spherical bodies were in paracrystalline arrays. Multiple budding occurred on cell membranes adjacent to matrix inclusions. The viral group-specific protein, p27, was demonstrated by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and by the protein A-gold method in the spherical bodies, in nucleoids of mature virus particles, and among ribosomes of inclusions. The results indicate that the matrix inclusions were the result of lymphoid leukosis virus infection and were the product of viral protein synthesis on ribosomes.
Bovine neutrophils treated with chemotactic agents: Morphologic changes
Authors: Forsell J. H. , Kateley J. R. , Smith C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutrophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of cattle. After the neutrophils were incubated with zymosan-activated serum, the neutrophils changed from spherical to a bipolar shape. Ninety percent of the neutrophils became bipolar in 5 to 10 minutes. Bacterial cell filtrate and casein also induced bipolar shape changes in neutrophils, but N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucinyl-l-phenylalanine did not. The neutrophil-shape-change response was a rapid in vitro assay to evaluate early chemotactic events.
Efficacy of furosemide in the treatment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Pascoe John R. , McCabe Anne E. , Franti Charles E. , Arthur Rick M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The repeatability of endoscopic observations of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (eiph) and the efficacy of furosemide as a prophylactic treatment of horses with eiph were studied in Thoroughbred race horses after consecutive breezes (at or near maximum speed, approx 16 m/s). Of 56 horses examined ≥ 2 times, 21 (38%) had identical eiph scores, whereas 26 (46%) and 9 (16%) had scores that differed by ≥ 1 grade. In 56 nontreated horses, there was good agreement between 2 consecutive observations (K = 0.59, Z = 4.54, P < 0.001). Similar comparisons after placebo (saline solution) treatment of 21 horses yielded fair to good agreement, whereas poorer agreement was seen after furosemide treatment of 23 horses. Comparison of average and maximum eiph scores of 44 horses with a minimum of 4 observations (2 nontreated, 1 saline-treated, and 1 furosemide-treated) indicated that although furosemide did not stop eiph, it did reduce the eiph score in 28 (64%) horses.
Swine trichinosis in New England slaughterhouses
Authors: Schad Gerhard A. , Leiby David A. , Duffy Charles H. , Murrell K. Darwin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Diaphragms of 5,315 slaughter hogs from the New England states were examined for Trichinella spiralis infection between June 22 and Dec 22, 1983. Thirty-nine hogs (0.73%) were infected. The infections were light, none exceeding 30 larvae/g of tissue, with an arithmetic mean of 4.7 larvae/g. Infected hogs originated from 5 of 6 New England states. The widespread occurrence of porcine trichinosis in New England indicates that the small or part-time hog farming operations frequently found in this region may be especially vulnerable to the introduction and maintenance of the parasite.
Effects of multiple intramuscular injections and doses of dexamethasone on plasma cortisol concentrations and adrenal responses to ACTH in horses
Authors: MacHarg M. A. , Bottoms G. D. , Carter G. K. , Johnson M. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adrenocortical function was assessed in horses given multiple im doses of dexamethasone to determine the duration of adrenocortical suppression and insufficiency caused by 2 commonly used dosages of dexamethasone (0.044 and 0.088 mg/kg of body weight). Dexamethasone was administered at 5-day intervals for a total of 6 injections. Daily blood samples were collected. The plasma was frozen and later assayed for cortisol. An ACTH response test was determined 2 days before the first injection of dexamethasone and again 8 days after the last dexamethasone injection. Maximum suppression of plasma cortisol was observed in horses given both dosages of dexamethasone (0.044 and 0.088 mg/kg). Plasma cortisol concentrations returned to base-line values in all horses by 4 days after dexamethasone injection. Normal ACTH responses observed after 6 dexamethasone injections given at 5-day intervals indicated that measurable adrenal atrophy did not develop under the conditions of this study.
Enzyme immunoassay for surveillance of Q fever
Authors: Behymer D. E. , Ruppanner R. , Brooks D. , Williams J. C. , Franti C. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to monitor antibodies against Coxiella burnetii among animal populations used in research and teaching facilities. Various antigenic components of C burnetii prepared from phase I and phase II whole cells and commercially available antigens were evaluated. A trichloroacetic acid extract was selected for routine use. There was a linear relationship between the transformed absorbance readings of the elisa results and microagglutination (ma) titers. Comparison between positive or negative results of the ma test and elisa gave 98.6% concordance. Using the ma test as the standard, elisa results were 97.8% sensitive and 100% specific. The efficacy of elisa was evaluated by testing ruminants with known histories of C burnetii infection. Antibody prevalence was 0 in 117 sheep with no history of C burnetii infection, 22% in 145 naturally infected sheep used for research, and 53% in 115 sheep used for vaccine field trials. Forty-eight percent of 120 dairy cows and 52% of 79 goats from endemically infected herds were seropositive. These results indicate that elisa should be the test of choice for mass screening and surveillance of animals when Q fever is a suspected biohazard.