bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical ventilation using non-injurious ventilation settings causes lung injury in the absence of pre-existing lung injury in healthy mice
Authors: Wolthuis Esther K , Vlaar Alexander PJ , Choi Goda , Roelofs Joris JTH , Juffermans Nicole P , Schultz Marcus J 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Mechanical ventilation (MV) may cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Present models of VILI use exceptionally large tidal volumes, causing gross lung injury and haemodynamic shock. In addition, animals are ventilated for a relative short period of time and only after a 'priming' pulmonary insult. Finally, it is uncertain whether metabolic acidosis, which frequently develops in models of VILI, should be prevented. To study VILI in healthy mice, the authors used a MV model with clinically relevant ventilator settings, avoiding massive damage of lung structures and shock, and preventing metabolic acidosis.

Methods
Healthy C57Bl/6 mice (n = 66) or BALB/c mice (n = 66) were ventilated (tidal volume = 7.5 ml/kg or 15 ml/kg; positive end-expiratory pressure = 2 cmH2O; fraction of inspired oxygen = 0.5) for five hours. Normal saline or sodium bicarbonate were used to correct for hypovolaemia. Lung histopathology, lung wet-to-dry ratio, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein content, neutrophil influx and levels of proinflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors were measured.

Results
Animals remained haemodynamically stable throughout the whole experiment. Lung histopathological changes were minor, although significantly more histopathological changes were found after five hours of MV with a larger tidal volume. Lung histopathological changes were no different between the strains. In both strains and with both ventilator settings, MV caused higher wet-to-dry ratios, higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels and more influx of neutrophils, and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors. Also, with MV higher systemic levels of cytokines were measured. All parameters were higher with larger tidal volumes. Correcting for metabolic acidosis did not alter endpoints.

Conclusions
MV induces VILI, in the absence of a priming pulmonary insult and even with use of relevant (least injurious) ventilator settings. This model offers opportunities to study the pathophysiological mechanisms behind VILI and the contribution of MV to lung injury in the absence of pre-existing lung injury.
Effects of Food on the Relative Bioavailability of Lapatinib in Cancer Patients
Authors: Koch Kevin M. , Reddy Nandi J. , Cohen Roger B. , Lewis Nancy L. , Whitehead Bonnie , Mackay Kathleen , Stead Andrew , Beelen Andrew P. , Lewis Lionel D. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThis study was conducted to characterize the effect of food on the relative bioavailability of lapatinib.Patients and MethodsA single 1,500-mg, oral dose of lapatinib was administered to 27 patients with advanced solid tumors on each of three occasions that were 1 week apart, in random order: after an overnight fast, with a low-fat breakfast, and with a high-fat breakfast.ResultsThe low-fat breakfast produced mean increases in lapatinib area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 167% (2.67-fold) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of 142% (2.42-fold). The high-fat breakfast produced mean increases in lapatinib AUC of 325% (4.25-fold) and Cmaxof 203% (3.03-fold) compared with the fasted state. Increased bioavailability in the fed state did not significantly decrease relative variability. Therefore, absolute variability in systemic exposure was increased.ConclusionThese large increases in lapatinib bioavailability and absolute variability support the recommendation for dosing in the fasted state to achieve consistent therapeutic exposure. Prescribers and patients should consider the potential consequences of toxicity or diminished efficacy that might result from dosing without regard to variations in diet.
miR-23regulation of lamin B1 is crucial for oligodendrocyte development and myelination
Authors: Lin Shu-Ting , Fu Ying-Hui 
Published: February 2009

SUMMARYDuplication of the gene encoding lamin B1 (LMNB1) with increased mRNA and protein levels has been shown to cause severe myelin loss in the brains of adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy patients. Similar to many neurodegenerative disorders, patients with adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy are phenotypically normal until adulthood and the defect is specific to the central nervous system despite the ubiquitous expression pattern of lamin B1. We set out to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying this demyelinating phenotype. Increased lamin B1 expression results in disturbances of inner nuclear membrane proteins, chromatin organization and nuclear pore transport in vitro. It also leads to premature arrest of oligodendrocyte differentiation, which might be caused by reduced transcription of myelin genes and by mislocalization of myelin proteins. We identified the microRNA miR-23 as a negative regulator of lamin B1 that can ameliorate the consequences of excessive lamin B1 at the cellular level. Our results indicate that regulation of lamin B1 is important for myelin maintenance and that miR-23 contributes to this process, at least in part, by downregulating lamin B1, therefore establishing novel functions of lamin B1 and miR-23 in the regulation of oligodendroglia development and myelin formation in vitro.
A Stable Cu2O2 Complex Supported by an Asymmetric Dinucleating Pentapyridine Ligand Involving an Amide Linkage
Authors: Tachi Yoshimitsu , Matsukawa Yumi , Teraoka Junji , Itoh Shinobu 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We have synthesized an asymmetric dinucleating ligand connecting the N3 and N4 coordination sites with an amido linkage and characterized the corresponding dicopper(I) complex by spectroscopic methods. The dicopper(I) complex reacted with O2 at low temperature to yield a (μ-peroxo)Cu2 species with a μ-η1:η2-binding mode. We also explored an effect of this amide linkage that contributed to stabilizing a μ-η1:η2-Cu2O2 adduct.
1,4-Phenylene-bridged Subporphyrin–Porphyrin Dyad, Triad, and Tetrad
Authors: Inokuma Yasuhide , Hayashi Shin-ya , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
1,4-Phenylene-bridged subporphyrin–porphyrin hybrid molecules were prepared by the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reaction of meso-(4-bromophenyl)-substituted subporphyrin 2 and 5-pinacolateboryl porphyrin 3. In all hybrid models examined, intramolecular energy transfer from the subporphyrin moiety to the porphyrin moieties proceeds efficiently.
Hollow Capsules Constructed of Poly(thiophene-3-acetic acid) and Hyperbranched Azobenzene-containing Polymeric Diazonium Salt
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Li Xinyang , Wang Xiaogong 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In this work, hyperbranched azobenzene-containing polymeric diazonium salt (HB-DAS) and poly(thiophene-3-acetic acid) (PTAA) were used as building components to fabricate hollow capsules. The capsules were prepared through layer-by-layer self-assembly of the components on PS latex spheres followed by removal of the PS cores with THF dissolution. The TEM, SEM, and AFM observations confirmed that uniform hollow capsules with an average wall-thickness of 5.9 nm were obtained.
Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Nitrogen-doped NaTaO3
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Liu Gang , Chen Zhi-Gang , Li Feng , Lu Gao Qing , Cheng Hui-Ming 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Well-dispersed NaTaO3 particles with a cubic morphology and high crystallinity were prepared by a hydrothermal route. The NaTaO3 was doped with nitrogen by heat treatment in ammonia atmosphere. The nitrogen-doped NaTaO3 shows an additional visible light absorption shoulder up to 550 nm. The photoelectrochemical investigation demonstrated that the photocurrent density of the photoanode of the nitrogen-doped NaTaO3 was enhanced under the irradiation of both UV–visible light and visible light, compared to that of the undoped NaTaO3.
Development of an Active Oxygen Detector Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with a Carbon/Silver Layer
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Matsuoka Mikihiko , Noda Kazutoshi 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We have developed a new method for detecting active oxygen using a carbon/silver-coated quartz crystal microbalance. Active oxygen is detected by monitoring the increase in frequency due to decreased carbon mass resulting from the reaction with active oxygen. Detection of atomic oxygen radical generated in an oxygen plasma device was verified for practical future application. The results show that this method allows precise measurement of atomic oxygen and accurate detection of the carbon layer’s disappearance from the frequency behavior.
Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) Chloride with Tetravanadate through a Tripod Coordination Mode
Authors: Kurata Taisei , Hayashi Yoshihito , Isobe Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Polyoxometalate derivatives, ((n-C4H9)4N)3[(MCl)V4O12] (1, M=Co and 2, M=Zn), have been synthesized from reactions of a tetravanadate with CoCl2·6H2O and ZnCl2, respectively. From the variable-temperature 51V and 17O NMR studies of 2, a dynamic behavior of the tetrahedral metal group on the surface of oxide mimic tetravanadate was observed in acetonitrile solution.
Reductive Alkylation and Arylation of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes in Ethylenediamine via Benkeser Reaction
Authors: Tang Xinliang , Jiao Qingze , Cao Yong , Zhang Pei , Liu Hongbo , Wu Hongyu , Zhou Mingji , Li Xuefei , Zhao Yun 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were functionalized with alkyl and aryl groups using lithium in ethylenediamine under moderate conditions. This Benkeser reaction was convenient and scalable because no liquid ammonia was used. Raman, infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis as well as UV–vis–NIR spectra were used to characterize the functionalized SWNTs.
Direct Approach to Multi-substituted Pyrroles from 2-Propynylamine and 1,3-Diketone or β-Keto Ester Using Bi(OTf)3 Catalyst
Authors: Komeyama Kimihiro , Miyagi Motoyoshi , Takaki Ken 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Bi(OTf)3 was found to be a good catalyst for the direct synthesis of multisubstituted pyrroles from the readily accessible 2-propynylamine and activated methylene compounds in which the bismuth played two roles: σ- and π-activations.
Photochemical Reaction of Poly(ethylene glycol) on Gold Nanorods Induced by Near Infrared Pulsed-laser Irradiation
Authors: Yamashita Shuji , Niidome Yasuro , Katayama Yoshiki , Niidome Takuro 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Pulsed-laser irradiation induced release of modified PEG chains on gold nanorods. A maximum release efficiency of 65% is obtained. The efficient release was occurred by combination of cleavage of Au–S bonds, the fragmentation of PEG chains, and the decrease of the surface area. CW-laser irradiation did not release any PEG chains; however, it was effective to increase temperature of the nanorod solution.
Water-dissolvable and Reactive KCdCl3 Nanowires: Precursor and Template for Preparation of CdS and CdSe Nanotubes
Authors: Tong Hua , Zhu Ying-Jie , Liu Xiao-Lin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
CdS and CdSe polycrystalline nanotubes self-assembled from nanocrystals have been successfully prepared using water-dissolvable and reactive KCdCl3 nanowires as precursor and template at room temperature.
Characterization of High-pressure-induced Murine Erythroleukemia Cell Apoptosis by Proton Spin–Lattice Relaxation Times of Intracellular Water
Authors: Katsuki Satoshi , Yamaguchi Takeo 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In high-pressure-induced apoptosis, the state of intracellular water was examined by measuring proton spin–lattice relaxation time of water. At the early stage of apoptosis, bound water increased owing to water efflux, whereas free water increased due to its influx at the late stage.
Kinetic Salt Effects on an Ionic Reaction in Ionic Liquid/Methanol Mixtures —Viscosity and Coulombic Screening Effects—
Authors: Takahashi Kenji , Tezuka Hiroaki , Satoh Toshifumi , Katsumura Yosuke , Watanabe Masayoshi , Crowell Robert A , Wishart James F 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The kinetic salt effect on the disproportionation reaction between diiodide anions in methanol has been examined using two ionic liquids and one inorganic salt. The ionic reaction was accelerated significantly, depending on the cation of the salt, and the ionic liquids enhanced the reaction more effectively. At higher concentrations the reaction rates decrease owing to increasing viscosities.
The use of the cemented Exeter Universal femoral stem in a District General Hospital
Authors: Young L. , Duckett S. , Dunn A. 
Published: February 2009

We describe the survivorship of the Exeter femoral component in a District General Hospital. Between 1994 and 1996, 230 Exeter Universal cemented femoral components were implanted in 215 patients who were reviewed at a mean of 11.2 years (10 to 13). We used one acetabular implant, the Elite Ogee component, in 218 of the 230 hips. During the period of this study 76 patients (79 hips) died. Of the remaining 139 patients (151 hips), 121 were able to attend for radiological analysis at a minimum of ten years. One patient was lost to follow-up. No femoral component was revised for aseptic loosening. Three hips were revised for deep infection and six acetabular components required revision, four for loosening and two for recurrent dislocation. Taking the ‘worst-case scenario’ including the one patient lost to follow-up, the overall survival rate was 94.4% at 13 years. Our results confirm excellent medium-term results for the Exeter Universal femoral component, implanted in a general setting. The excellent survival of this femoral component, when used in combination with the Ogee acetabular component, suggests that this is a successful pairing.
The effect of early surgical treatment on recovery in patients with metastatic compression of the spinal cord
Authors: Fürstenberg C. H. , Wiedenhöfer B. , Gerner H. J. , Putz C. 
Published: February 2009

We analysed the influence of the timing of surgery (< 48 hours, group 1, 21 patients vs > 48 hours, group 2, 14 patients) on the neurological outcome and restoration of mobility in 35 incomplete tetra- and paraplegic patients with metastatic spinal-cord compression. Pain and neurological symptoms were assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale. More improvement was found in group 1 than in group 2 when comparing the pre-operative findings with those both immediately post-operatively (p = 0.021) and those at follow-up at four to six weeks (p = 0.010). In group 1 the number of pre-operatively mobile patients increased from 17 (81%) to 19 patients (90%) whereas the number of mobile patients in group 2 changed from nine (64%) to ten (71%). These results suggest that early surgical treatment in patients with metastatic spinal-cord compression gives a better neurological outcome even in a palliative situation.
Prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic tears of the rotator cuff
Authors: Moosmayer S. , Smith H.-J. , Tariq R. , Larmo A. 
Published: February 2009

We undertook clinical and ultrasonographic examination of the shoulders of 420 asymptomatic volunteers aged between 50 and 79 years. MRI was performed in selected cases. Full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff were detected in 32 subjects (7.6%). The prevalence increased with age as follows: 50 to 59 years, 2.1%; 60 to 69 years, 5.7%; and 70 to 79 years, 15%. The mean size of the tear was less than 3 cm and tear localisation was limited to the supraspinatus tendon in most cases (78%). The strength of flexion was reduced significantly in the group with tears (p = 0.01). Asymptomatic tears of the rotator cuff should be regarded as part of the normal ageing process in the elderly but may be less common than hitherto believed.
Meniscal root injury and spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee
Authors: Robertson D. D. , Armfield D. R. , Towers J. D. , Irrgang J. J. , Maloney W. J. , Harner C. D. 
Published: February 2009

We describe injuries to the posterior root of the medial meniscus in patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial compartment of the knee. We identified 30 consecutive patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle. The radiographs and MR imaging were reviewed. We found tears of the posterior root of the medial meniscus in 24 patients (80%). Of these, 15 were complete and nine were partial. Complete tears were associated with > 3 mm of meniscal extrusion. Neither the presence of a root tear nor the volume of the osteonecrotic lesion were associated with age, body mass index (BMI), gender, side affected, or knee alignment. The grade of osteoarthritis was associated with BMI. Although tears of the posterior root of the medial meniscus were frequently present in patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, this does not prove cause and effect. Further study is warranted.
Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) before and one year after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Jansson K.-å. , Németh G. , Granath F. , Jönsson B. , Blomqvist P. 
Published: February 2009

We investigated the pre-operative and one-year post-operative health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcome by using a Euroqol (EQ-5D) questionnaire in 230 patients who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Data were obtained from the National Swedish Registry for operations on the lumbar spine between 2001 and 2002. We analysed the pre- and postoperative quality of life data, age, gender, smoking habits, pain and walking ability. The relative differences were compared to a Swedish EQ-5D population survey. The mean age of the patients was 66 years, and there were 123 females (53%). Before the operation 62 (27%) of the patients could walk more than 500 m. One year after the operation 150 (65%) were able to walk 500 m or more. The mean EQ-5D score improved from 0.36 to 0.64, and the HRQoL improved in 184 (80%) of the patients. However, they did not reach the level reported by a matched population sample (mean difference 0.18). Women had lower pre- and post-operative EQ-5D scores than men. Severe low back pain was a predictor for a poor outcome.
Immediate primary skin closure in type-III A and B open fractures
Authors: Rajasekaran S. , Dheenadhayalan J. , Babu J. N. , Sundararajan S. R. , Venkatramani H. , Sabapathy S. R. 
Published: February 2009

Between June 1999 and May 2003 we undertook direct primary closure of the skin wounds of 173 patients with Gustilo and Anderson grade-IIIA and grade-IIIB open fractures. These patients were selected from a consecutive group of 557 with type-III injuries presenting during this time. Strict criteria for inclusion in the study included debridement within 12 hours of injury, no sewage or organic contamination, no skin loss either primarily or secondarily during debridement, a Ganga Hospital open injury skin score of 1 or 2 with a total score of ten or less, the presence of bleeding skin margins, the ability to approximate wound edges without tension and the absence of peripheral vascular disease. In addition, patients with polytrauma were excluded. At a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (5 to 7), the outcome was excellent in 150 (86.7%), good in 11 (6.4%) and poor in 12 (6.9%). A total of 33 complications occurred in 23 patients including superficial infection in 11, deep infection in five and the requirement for a secondary skin flap in three. Six patients developed nonunion requiring further surgery, one of whom declined additional measures to treat an established infected nonunion. Immediate skin closure when performed selectively with the above indications proved to be a safe procedure.
Cementless Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement shows reduced radiolucency at one year
Authors: Pandit H. , Jenkins C. , Beard D. J. , Gallagher J. , Price A. J. , Dodd C. A. F. , Goodfellow J. W. , Murray D. W. 
Published: February 2009

We randomised 62 knees to receive either cemented or cementless versions of the Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement. The implants used in both arms of the study were similar, except that the cementless components were coated with porous titanium and hydroxyapatite. The tibial interfaces were studied with fluoroscopically-aligned radiographs. At one year there was no difference in clinical outcome between the two groups. Narrow radiolucent lines were seen at the bone-implant interfaces in 75% of cemented tibial components. These were partial in 43%, and complete in 32%. In the cementless implants, partial radiolucencies were seen in 7% and complete radiolucencies in none. These differences are statistically significant (p < 0.0001) and imply satisfactory bone ingrowth into the cementless implants.
The effect of parecoxib and indometacin on tendon-to-bone healing in a bone tunnel
Authors: Dimmen S. , Nordsletten L. , Engebretsen L. , Steen H. , Madsen J. E. 
Published: February 2009

Conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and newer specific cyclo-oxygenase-2 (cox-2) inhibitors are commonly used in musculoskeletal trauma and orthopaedic surgery to reduce the inflammatory response and pain. These drugs have been reported to impair bone metabolism. In reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament the hamstring tendons are mainly used as the graft of choice, and a prerequisite for good results is healing of the tendons in the bone tunnel. Many of these patients are routinely given NSAIDs or cox-2 inhibitors, although no studies have elucidated the effects of these drugs on tendon healing in the bone tunnel.In our study 60 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups of 20. One received parecoxib, one indometacin and one acted as a control. In all the rats the tendo-Achillis was released proximally from the calf muscles. It was then pulled through a drill hole in the distal tibia and sutured anteriorly. The rats were given parecoxib, indometacin or saline intraperitoneally twice daily for seven days. After 14 days the tendon/bone-tunnel interface was subjected to mechanical testing.Significantly lower maximum pull-out strength (p < 0.001), energy absorption (p < 0.001) and stiffness (p = 0.035) were found in rats given parecoxib and indometacin compared with the control group, most pronounced with parecoxib.
Incidence of MRSA surgical-site infection in MRSA carriers in an orthopaedic trauma unit
Authors: Shukla S. , Nixon M. , Acharya M. , Korim M. T. , Pandey R. 
Published: February 2009

We examined the incidence of infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in patients admitted to the Leicester Royal Infirmary Trauma Unit between January 2004 and June 2006. The influence of MRSA status at the time of their admission was examined, together with age, gender and diagnosis, using multi-variant analysis. Of 2473 patients, 79 (3.2%) were MRSA carriers at the time of admission and 2394 (96.8%) were MRSA-negative. Those carrying MRSA at the time of admission were more likely to develop surgical site infection with MRSA (7 of 79 patients, 8.8%) than non-MRSA carriers (54 of 2394 patients, 2.2%, p < 0.001). Further analysis showed that hip fracture and increasing age were also risk factors with a linear increase in relative risk of 1.8% per year. MRSA carriage at admission, age and the pathology are all associated with an increased rate of developing MRSA wound infection. Identification of such risk factors at admission helps to target health-care resources, such the use of glycopeptide antibiotics at induction and the ‘building-in’ of increased vigilance for wound infection pre-operatively.