bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal and malaligned talonavicular fusion alters cadaveric foot pressure and kinematics
Authors: Wahl Elizabeth P. , Lin William D. , Whittaker Eric C. , Cook Brian K. , Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Ledoux William R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTalonavicular (TN) fusion is a common treatment for TN arthritis or deformity correction. There is incongruous evidence regarding remaining motion at the talocalcaneal and calcaneocuboid joints after TN fusion. Additionally, the effects of a malaligned TN fusion are not well understood and alignment of the fusion may be important for overall foot integrity. This project assessed the kinematic and kinetic effects of neutral and malaligned TN fusions. Ten cadaveric feet were tested on a gait simulator in four conditions: unfused, fused in neutral, fused in varus, and fused in valgus. The fusions were simulated with external fixation hardware. An eight‐camera motion analysis system and a 10‐segment foot model generated kinematic data, and a pressure mat captured pressure data. Simulated TN fusion was achieved in eight feet. From unfused to fused‐neutral, range of motion (ROM) was not eliminated in the adjacent joints, but the positions of the joints changed significantly throughout stance phase. Furthermore, the ROM increased at the tibiotalar joint. Plantar pressure and center of pressure shifted laterally with neutral fusion. The malalignments marginally affected the ROM but changed joint positions throughout stance phase. Pressure patterns were shifted laterally in varus malalignment and medially in valgus malalignment. The residual motion and the altered kinematics at the joints in the triple joint complex after TN fusion may subsequently increase the incidence of arthritis. Clinical significance: This study quantifies the effects of talonavicular fusion and malalignment on the other joints of the triple joint complex.
Association between 4%‐tetrasodium EDTA and sepsis in neonatal piglets: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pauline Mirielle L. , Labonne Evan , Wizzard Pamela R. , Turner Justine M. , Wales Paul W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCentral line–associated bloodstream infections are a major concern for children with intestinal failure and in animal research using parenteral nutrition (PN). In neonatal piglets receiving PN, we compared sepsis, line occlusions, line replacements, mortality, and costs with and without the use of a 4%‐tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (T‐EDTA) locking solution.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of piglets with a central venous jugular catheter enrolled in 14‐day exclusive PN (TPN) trials or in 7‐day short bowel syndrome (SBS) trials, before and after initiation of T‐EDTA. Lines were locked with a 1‐ml solution for 2 h daily (T‐EDTATPN, n = 17; T‐EDTASBS, n = 48) and compared with our prior standard of care using 1.5‐ml heparin flushes twice daily (CONTPN, n = 34; CONSBS, n = 48). Line patency and signs of sepsis were checked twice daily. Jugular catheters were replaced for occlusions whenever possible. Humane end points were used for sepsis not responding to antibiotic treatment or unresolved catheter occlusions.ResultsCompared with CON, sepsis was reduced using T‐EDTA, significantly for TPN (P = 0.006) and with a trend for SBS piglets (P = 0.059). Line occlusions necessitating line changes were reduced 15% in TPN studies (P = 0.16), and no line occlusions occurred for T‐EDTA SBS piglets.ConclusionIn our neonatal piglet research, use of T‐EDTA locking solution decreased sepsis and, although not statistically significant, reduced occlusions requiring line replacements. Given the expense of animal research, adding a locking solution must be cost‐effective, and we were able to show that T‐EDTA significantly reduced total research costs and improved animal welfare.
Body composition assessment for sarcopenic obesity and 3‐year mortality in older adults: A comparison study
Authors: Akgul Yavuz Sultan Selim , Akin Sibel , Cengiz Burcu Eren , Kocaslan Derya , Ozer Nurhayat Tugra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is no universally accepted definition of sarcopenic obesity (SO), and its prevalence is ambiguous. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SO in older adults based on different definitions and determine which predicts all‐cause mortality.MethodsThis prospective longitudinal follow‐up study included outpatients aged ≥60 years. SO was defined by sarcopenia definition based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria plus obesity. Three different methods were used to define obesity. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥88.0 cm for women, and body fat percentage (BF%) ≥ 37.3% for men and ≥51.1% for women. Different definitions of SO and their mortality predictions were compared.ResultsThe median age of the 584 patients in the study was 70.0 (interquartile range, 66.0–76.0) years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 38.5% (47.5% in men and 35.7% in women). The prevalence of SO based on BMI, WC, and BF% was 15.3%, 16.4%, and 10.5%, respectively. The mortality rate was 6.7%. SO based on BMI (odds ratio [OR], 2.73; 95% CI, 1.12–17.9; P = 0.024) and BF% (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.19–3.02; P = 0.007) were significantly associated with 3‐year mortality after adjusting for the confounding variables of age, sex, and number of comorbidities. SO based on WC was not associated with mortality (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.07–1.27; P = 0.104).ConclusionThe use of BF% and BMI for defining SO is appropriate in outpatient older adults.
Determination of energy requirements after minor burns using indirect calorimetry: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Rousseau Anne‐Françoise , Fadeur Marjorie , Fauville Jean‐Philippe , Hans Nadine , Martin François , Misset Benoit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundMinor burns could be associated with moderate hypermetabolism. In this study, the primary outcome was measured energy expenditure (mEE) determined by indirect calorimetry in patients with minor burns. We also compared mEE with predictive values and actual energy intakes.MethodsAdults with minor burns exclusively treated on an outpatient basis were included. During the week following injury, a dietitian performed indirect calorimetry (Q‐NRG in canopy mode), calculated the estimated energy expenditure (eEE) based on the Harris‐Benedict (HB) and Henry formulas, and evaluated daily energy intakes using a food anamnesis.ResultsForty‐nine patients (59.2% male; median age: 35 [interquartile range: 29–46.5] years; body mass index [BMI]: 26.2 [22.3–29.6] kg/m2; burn surface area [BSA]: 1.5% [1%–2%]) were included 4 (2–6) days after injury. The mEE was 1863 (1568–2199) kcal or 25 (22.4–28.5) kcal/kg and 1838 (1686–2026) kcal or 26.1 (23.7–27.7) kcal/kg in patients who were respectively fasting for >10 h or not (P = 0.991 or P = 0.805). The total mEE was 104% (95%–116%) and 108% (99%–122%) of the total eEE using the HB and Henry formulas, respectively, with diet‐induced thermogenesis and physical activity level. Hypermetabolism (ie, oxygen consumption at rest ≥3.5 ml/kg/min) was observed in 21/49 (42.9%) patients. Energy intakes corresponded to 71% (60%–86%) of the total mEE.ConclusionPerforming indirect calorimetry in adults with minor burns revealed that ≥40% of the tested adults presented a hypermetabolism and that their mEE was not covered by their energy intakes.
Outcomes of rectal cancer patients who refuse surgery after incomplete clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Labadie Kevin P. , Olson Kristofor A. , Sun Steven H. , Ituarte Philip H. G. , Hanna Mark , Zerhouni Yasmin , Lai Lily L. , Sentovich Stephen M. , Kaiser Andreas M. , Melstrom Kurt A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTotal mesorectal excision (TME) remains the standard of care for patients with rectal cancer who have an incomplete response to total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). A minority of patients will refuse curative intent resection. The aim of this study is to examine the outcomes for these patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of stage 1−3 rectal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy or TNT at a single institution. Patients either underwent TME, watch‐and‐wait protocol, or if they refused TME, were counseled and watched (RCW). Clinical outcomes and resource utilization were examined in each group.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐one patients (Male 59%) were included with a median surveillance of 43 months. Twenty‐nine patients (17%) refused TME and had shortened overall survival (OS). Twelve patients who refused TME converted to a complete clinical response (cCR) on subsequent staging with a prolonged OS. 92% of these patients had a near cCR at initial staging endoscopy. Increased physician visits and testing was utilized in RCW and WW groups.ConclusionA significant portion of patients convert to cCR and have prolonged OS. Lengthening the time to declare cCR may be considered in select patients, such as those with a near cCR at initial endoscopic staging.
A Prognostic Model for Cancer‐Specific Survival Among Patients with Nodular Melanoma in Head and Neck
Authors: Fan Fangli , Gou Juxiang , Li Shulian , Ji Qiang 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the correlation between risk factors and treatment methods affecting nodular melanoma (NM) in the head and neck, as well as cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and provide personalized predictive tools for clinical physicians.MethodsThe retrospective study data of 1848 patients were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. All variables were included in the correlation analysis using the Spearman method. Significant prognostic factors were extracted and integrated through Cox risk regression analysis to construct a nomogram. To assess the performance of the nomogram, Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed.ResultsSpearman's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between radiotherapy and lymph node metastasis, whereas chemotherapy showed a stronger association with distant metastasis. However, Cox risk regression analysis demonstrated that Mohs surgery and wide excision with margins exceeding 1 cm yielded substantial therapeutic advantages. Five independent risk prognostic factors (Breslow thickness, ulceration, N classification, M classification, and surgery type) were employed to construct a nomogram. The C‐index for this nomogram was 0.713 for the training set and 0.720 for the validation set. In the training set, the 3‐, 5‐, and 8‐year areas under the curve (AUCs) for CSS were 0.752, 0.723, and 0.720, whereas the validation set's AUCs were 0.754, 0.763, and 0.760, respectively. Calibration curves indicated the nomogram's strong discriminative ability for predicting CSS.ConclusionIn this study, we identified independent prognostic factors for patients with NM in head and neck and developed a relatively accurate model to predict the survival probability of them, which could contribute to the tumor assessment and clinical decision‐making.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3611–3619, 2024
17β‐estradiol Attenuates the Middle Ear Inflammatory Response to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Khampang Pawjai , Samuels Tina L. , Blaine‐Sauer Simon , Lucas Julliette , Yan Ke , Johnston Nikki , Kerschner Joseph E. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives17β‐estradiol (E2) is a steroidal hormone with immunomodulatory functions that play a role in infectious and inflammatory diseases. E2 was recently identified as the leading upstream regulator of differentially expressed genes in a comparative RNA sequencing study of pediatric patients with otitis media (OM) versus OM‐free counterparts and may therefore play a role in the inflammatory response to bacterial otopathogens during pediatric OM. This study examined the effect of E2 on bacterial‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in an in vitro pediatric OM model.MethodsAn immortalized middle ear (ME) epithelial cell line, ROM‐SV40, was developed from a pediatric recurrent OM patient. The culture was exposed to E2 at physiological levels for 1–48 h prior to 6 h‐stimulation with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) whole cell lysate. TNFA, IL1B, IL6, and IL8 were assayed by qPCR and ELISA.ResultsE2 pretreatment (24 h) abrogated NTHi induction of IL6; a longer pretreatment (1–10 nM, 48 h) abrogated IL1B induction (p < 0.05). E2 pretreatment (5 nM, 48 h) abrogated NTHi‐induced IL8 secretion (p = 0.017).ConclusionE2 pretreatment partially rescued NTHi‐induced cytokine production by ME epithelia. These data support a role for E2 in moderating the excessive inflammatory response to middle ear infection that contributes to OM pathophysiology.Levels of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:3815–3819, 2024
The Association Between Obesity and Spontaneous Temporal Bone CSF Leak Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Spinos Dimitrios , Geropoulos Georgios , Vavoulis Georgios , Georgountzos Georgios , Papageorgakopoulou Manthia , Karela Nina Rafailia , Varoutis Panagiotis , Evangelou Kyriacos , Cho Wai Sum 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveWe undertook a systematic review of the literature with meta‐analysis to identify the role of obesity (BMI ≥30) in the patient characteristics presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (sCSF) leaks of the lateral skull base and the outcomes of their repair.Data SourcesA Systematic Review of English Articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library.Review MethodsThe research algorithm included the following keywords: “spontaneous CSF leak,” “lateral skull base,” “temporal bone,” “meningocele,” “encephalocele,” and “otorrhea.” We also manually searched the references of included studies, to identify possible studies missed during our literature search.ResultsMore than two‐thirds of the patients were female (69.2%) and often were obese (mean BMI 36.5 kg/m2) with a mean age of 57. Most common presenting symptoms were otorrhea and hearing loss. Most authors did not report a routine use of a post‐operative lumbar drain. Most patients had a single skull base defect and encephaloceles prolapsing through, across obese and non‐obese groups. Median length of stay in hospital was 3.2 days, and the majority of patients did not have any recurrence during their follow‐up (89.6%), which was not affected by obesity.ConclusionObesity does not affect length of hospital stay or recurrence rate following surgical repair of lateral skull base sCSF leaks. Surgical repair is a safe and viable approach in the management of obese patients with sCSF leaks in the temporal bone.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2012–2018, 2024
Improving HPV‐Related Oropharyngeal Cancer Knowledge and HPV Vaccination Rates via Virtual Workshops
Authors: Evans Lauran K. , Azar Shaghauyegh S. , Chen Haidee , Saad Miryam , Subhash Sneha , Su‐Velez Brooke M. , St. John Maie A. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo validate the efficacy of a virtual, interdisciplinary workshop in improving HPV knowledge, and vaccination practices among primary care and dental trainees.MethodsA virtual platform was utilized to hold HPV educational workshops with primary care and dental trainees. Online surveys were distributed before and after the 1‐h interactive workshop, led by otolaryngology residents. Surveys included the workshop's impact on (a) improving knowledge of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and (b) affecting change in HPV vaccination practices. The vaccination rates of trainees were recorded prior to and after workshop attendance.ResultsAfter the workshop, participants demonstrated significantly improved scores related to knowledge of HPV in the head and neck (p = 0.003) and showed an increased comfort level with counseling on HPV vaccination (p = 0.002). Respondents were also more aware that the HPV vaccine is approved to prevent OPSCC (61% vs. 95%, p < 0.05). Ninety‐seven percent of respondents stated that the workshop changed their HPV vaccination practices, and 95% of those not fully vaccinated stated they would now be more likely to receive the vaccine themselves. There was a significant increase in the average number of HPV vaccines administered at the studied trainee clinic, from 16.83 vaccines/month to 37.6 vaccines/month (percent increase = 123%) in 5 months following the workshop (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe present interactive virtual workshop demonstrates efficacy in improving HPV‐related knowledge and vaccination practices among trainees. The virtual nature of the course facilitates knowledge transfer and can be used to foster multi‐institutional partnerships regarding medical education and vaccination efforts.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:3096–3101, 2024
Choice of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Facility in Major Salivary Gland Cancer
Authors: Patel Aman M. , Haleem Afash , Maxwell Russell , Lukens John N. , Lin Alexander , Brody Robert M. , Brant Jason A. , Carey Ryan M. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveUndergoing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) at the same facility has been associated with higher overall survival (OS) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our study investigates whether undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility is associated with higher OS in major salivary gland cancer (MSGC).MethodsThe 2006–2018 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with MSGC undergoing surgery at an academic facility and then aRT. Multivariable binary logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were implemented.ResultsOf 2801 patients satisfying inclusion criteria, 2130 (76.0%) underwent surgery and aRT at the same academic facility. Residence in a less populated area (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–2.45), treatment without adjuvant chemotherapy (aOR 1.97, 95% CI 1.41–2.76), and aRT duration (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04) were associated with undergoing surgery and aRT at different facilities on multivariable logistic regression adjusting for patient demographics, clinicopathologic features, and adjuvant therapy (p < 0.01). Five‐year OS was higher in patients undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility (68.8% vs. 61.9%, p < 0.001). Undergoing surgery and aRT at different facilities remained associated with worse OS on multivariable Cox regression (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.10–1.81, p = 0.007).ConclusionUndergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility is associated with higher OS in MSGC. Although undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility is impractical for all patients, academic physicians should consider same‐facility treatment for complex patients who would most benefit from clear multidisciplinary communication.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:3620–3632, 2024
A temperature‐controlled, circular maintenance system for studying growth and development of pelagic tunicates (salps)
Authors: Müller Svenja J. , Wessels Wiebke , Driscoll Sara , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Auerswald Lutz , Michael Katharina , Meyer Bettina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSalps have attracted attention as zooplankton organisms that may be able to expand their habitat range and increase their ecological importance in the face of ongoing global warming. Due to their gelatinous nature, unique feeding strategy, and reproductive ecology such changes could have profound impacts on regional marine ecosystems. While their role in the regional carbon cycle is receiving attention, our knowledge of their physiology and life cycle is still limited. This knowledge gap is mainly due to their fragile gelatinous nature, which makes it difficult to capture and maintain intact specimen in the laboratory. We present here a modified kreisel tank system that has been tested onboard a research vessel with the Southern Ocean salp Salpa thompsoni and at a research station with Salpa fusiformis and Thalia democratica from the Mediterranean Sea. Successful maintenance over days to weeks allowed us to obtain relative growth and developmental rates comparable to in situ field samples of S. thompsoni and S. fusiformis, and provided insights into previously unknown features of their life cycle (e.g., testes development). Our results show that traditional methods of estimating growth, such as cohort analysis, may lead to a general overestimation of growth rates and neglect individual strategies (e.g., shrinkage), which can affect the results and conclusions drawn from population dynamic models. By providing a starting point for the successful maintenance of different species, comparable experiments on the physiology of salps is made possible. This will contribute to refining model parameters and improving the reliability of the predictions.
Error‐Free Long‐Lifespan Optical Storage Enhanced by Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Chu‐Han , Ma Jie , Feng Yu‐Du , Xu Xiao‐Yun , Zhang Tian‐Yu , Cheng Ke , Jin Xian‐Min 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOptical information storage, in virtue of its large capacity, high stability, and long longevity, holds promising prospects in mass storage, while being limited by the trade‐off between readout quality and error rate. The emerging intersection of optical storage and deep learning presents a valuable opportunity to achieve high‐fidelity data storage. Here, a novel paradigm of error‐free long‐lifespan optical storage enhanced is proposed by deep learning, harnessing neural network to extract optical information from birefringence measurements. It is demonstrated that using neural networks outperforms traditional approaches in terms of efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, by adding extra birefringence information as input to the neural network, nearly accuracy is achieved on an established five‐bit dataset. Remarkably, even under extremely severe ambiguity, the paradigm still fulfills error‐free readout and maintains a long lifespan. The experimental storage scheme is significantly conducive to the development of large‐scale error‐free storage, and paves the way for robust optical storage with environmental and temporal tolerance in practical scenarios.
I‐surfaces from surfaces with one exceptional unimodal point
Authors: Rollenske Sönke , Torres Diana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe complement recent work of Gallardo, Pearlstein, Schaffler, and Zhang, showing that the stable surfaces with and they construct are indeed the only ones arising from imposing an exceptional unimodal double point.In addition, we explicitly describe the birational type of the surfaces constructed from singularities of type , , .
Density of smooth functions in Musielak–Orlicz–Sobolev spaces Wk,Φ(Ω)$W^{k,\Phi }(\Omega)$
Authors: Kamińska Anna , Żyluk Mariusz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe consider here Musielak–Orlicz–Sobolev (MOS) spaces , where is an open subset of , and is a Musielak–Orlicz function. The main outcomes consist of the results on density of the space of compactly supported smooth functions in . One section is devoted to compare the various conditions on appearing in the literature in the context of maximal operator and density theorems in MOS spaces. The assumptions on we apply here are substantially weaker than in the earlier papers on the topics of approximation by smooth functions. One of the reasons is that in the process of proving density theorems, we do not use the fact that the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator on Musielak–Orlicz space is bounded, a standard tool employed in density results for different types of Sobolev spaces. We show in particular that under some regularity assumptions on , (A1) and that are not sufficient for the maximal operator to be bounded, the space of is dense in . In the case of variable exponent Sobolev space , we obtain the similar density result under the assumption that , , , , satisfies the log‐Hölder condition and the exponent function is essentially bounded.