bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunodiagnosis of prostate cancer: An evaluation of cell‐mediated immunity
Authors: Bhatti Rashid A. , Guinan Patrick D. , Nagubadi Subba R. , Khin Winston 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI), a suggested in vitro correlate of cell‐mediated immunity, was employed to identify patients with various stages of adenocarcinoma of the prostate on the basis of their degree of reactivity to prostatic tumor‐associated antigens. Eighty‐one percent of the patients and 56% of the controls were identified correctly. The efficiency of LAI was based on the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Our data revealed the absence of any correlation between patients' clinical stage of the disease and their in vitro reactivity to prostatic tumor‐associated antigens.
Nucleolar grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma: Light microscopic correlation with disease progression
Authors: Myers Robert P. , Neves Ricardo J. , Farrow George M. , Utz David C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirteen patients who had adenocarcinoma of the prostate with micrometastasis to pelvic lymph nodes were treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy, but no adjuvant hormonal therapy, and were followed until the documented appearance of metastasis to bone or soft tissue. Sections from the initial lesion, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under the light microscope, revealed that the nucleoli in the primary Gleason pattern were “prominent” or “intermediate” (regardless of the Gleason grade) in nine cases; and the mean interval to progreasion was shorter in this group than in the group of four in whom nucleoli were judged to be “not prominent” (P = 0.015). Since the number of cases is small, the findings should be considered preliminary and their interpretation speculative; but the study is continuing.
Age‐dependent changes in the carbohydrate pattern of human prostatic epithelium as determined by peroxidase‐labeled lectins
Authors: Bischof Wolfgang , Aumüller Gerhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeroxidase‐conjugated lectins (peanut agglutinin: PNA; Ricinus communis agglutinin: RCA) were used for histochemical demonstration of the respective carbohydrate binders (PNA: β‐D‐galactosyl‐(1‐3)‐N‐acetyl‐galactosamine; RCA: D‐galactose). The study of prostatic specimens from four different age groups showed marked differences in cytoplasmic PNA binding of prostatic epithelium. The basal cells of the glandular epithelium displayed cytoplasmic PNA binding only in the infantile stage and during early puberty. With the onset of puberty a number increasing with age of secretory cells developed cytoplasmic binding of PNA, mostly appearing as apically located vacuoles. Intraluminal secretion, however, was never stained. During senile involution the prostatic epithelium lost rapidly its PNA binding capacity. Since no RCA binding of the epithelium was observered, the carbohydrate moiety responsible for PNA binding presumably represents a galactosyl‐N‐acetyl‐galactosamine containing molecule, most likely a glycoprotein, which is present in actively functioning pro‐static epithelial cells. It is uncertain whether or not it represents a structural or a secretory component of the prostatic cell.
Human prostatic tissue concentrations of rosoxacin
Authors: Jensen Klaus M.‐E. , Patel Rajni B. , Welling Peter G. , Madsen Paul O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe corresponding concentrations of rosoxacin in serum (S) and prostatic tissue (PT) were determined in 15 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate because of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rosoxacin concentrations were determined employing both bio‐assay and a high‐pressure liquid chromatography procedure, with excellent correlation between the two methods. Two dosage schedules were followed, resulting in median serum concentrations of 3.6 and 5.8 μg/ml, respectively. The ratio of PT/S was found to be fairly constant and surprisingly high, the median values being 0.46 and 0.56. These results indicate that concentrations of rosoxacin are obtained in prostatic interstitial fluid in the range of the minimal inhibitory concentrations for most of the gram‐negative pathogens causing bacterial prostatitis and urinary tract infections. Acceptable drug concentrations also were determined in urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The results obtained in this study warrant further clinical trials for rosoxacin in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis and urinary infections.
Therapy of prostatic cancer and histopathologic follow‐up
Authors: Dhom G. , Degro S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe histopathologic follow‐up of local tumor regression of prostatic cancer under hormonal treatment or following high‐voltage therapy is an objective standard to determine a therapeutic success. This report involves 308 patients, who were continuously controlled by serial biopsies, 1, 138 punch biopsies, and 155 TURs from 1971 to 1981. On an average, there are 4.2 biopsies of each patient. The patients were treated with estradiol. They were divided into two groups by histologic classification: 1) adenocarcinomas with large and small acinar pattern (130 cases) and 2) carcinomas with cribriform and/or solid pattern, partly mixed with other glandular types (178 cases).We applied a score of 10 points to divide the histopathologic regression into three gradings: pronounced, moderate, and poor or no regression.In adenocarcinomas a pronounced regression can be seen in 67.8% following three or more years of hormonal treatment, and in 64.7% following primary high‐voltage therapy, mostly combined with hormonal treatment or orchiectomy. In adenocarcinomas with poor or no regression a percentage of 20.4 or 14.7, respectively, can be seen. In cribriform and solid carcinomas a significant difference is present between hormonal treatment and radiotherapy. Following hormonal treatment only 20.2%, but following radiotherapy 63.6% show a pronounced regression. Accordingly, 48.8% of these carcinomas show no or only poor regression under hormonal treatment after three or more years of follow‐up. Following radiotherapy, there are only 21.3%. The conformity of locally palpable finding and histopathologic grading of regression reaches 70%. If no agreement can be achieved, cases with better palpable finding than histopathologically recognizable regression prevail.
Some questions raised by histologic study of RTOG protocols 75–06 and 77–06 as illustrated by selected samples
Authors: Terry Roger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistologic study of about 700 biopsy specimens from patients with prostate cancers collected by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) reemphasized the difficulty in accurately predicting biologic behavior of the carcinoma in individual cases. Some well‐differentiated carcinomas metastasized to regional lymph nodes. Histologic proof of lymph node metastases may be difficult to detect. Some duct carcinomas do not readily fit a Gleason pattern. A variety of histologic grades may be seen either in a single sample or after the passage of time in the same case. Some prostatic epithelial proliferations may closely simulate carcinomas by routine light microscopy, but are biologically benign. Some of these prostate lesions have histologic similarities to breast lesions.
Prognostic significance of tumor grade and stage in the patient with carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Grayhack John T. , Assimos Dean G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAvailable English language articles relating the grade, stage, and grade‐stage of carcinoma of the prostate to evidence of tumor progression and survival in untreated and treated patients have been reviewed. Observations of the extremes of the spectrum of biological behavior of carcinoma of the prostate have been emphasized; for example, tumor progression, never or always; survival, never or always. The reported experiences indicated the following; namely, 1) reproducible biologically meaningful grading is achievable; however, grade cannot be utilized as a reliable indicator of stage; 2) accurate staging provides information that correlates with tumor progression and survival in groups of patients. However, unexpectedly prolonged or abbreviated progression‐free survivals occur frequently enough in every stage, except perhaps patients with clinically unsuspected focal carcinoma, to indicate that the natural history and treatment response of individuals grouped by stage is far from homogeneous; 3) appropriate use of carefully obtained grade and stage information together maximizes the accuracy of prognostic attempts and is necessary to evaluate treatment results. At the present time, assessment and consideration of the grade and stage of carcinoma of the prostate is essential to formulate prognosis and advise and evaluate treatment in patients with this disease.
A model of an intraprostatic vas deferens in the rat
Authors: Bazer Gary T. , Knight David S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of the effect of hormones in seminal fluid upon prostate tissue is hampered by the lack of a suitable model. Such a model is described in this paper, and its possible usefulness is discussed. The vas deferens of the rat is moved from its normal position into a surgical incision into the ventral prostate. Squamous metaplasia of epithelium in prostatic acini at early stages is replaced by cuboidal epithelium. At later stages, normal‐appearing glandular epithelium is seen as close as 50μm to the vas deferens. The structure of the vas deferens is not affected.
Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism
Authors: Akdoğan Mehmet , Tamer Mehmet Numan , Cüre Erkan , Cüre Medine Cumhur , Köroğlu Banu Kale , Delibaş Namik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMentha spicata Labiatae, known as spearmint and Mentha piperita Labiatae, known as peppermint can be used for various kinds of illnesses in herbal medicine and flavoring in industry. M. spicata Labiatae grows on the Anamas plateau of Yeniþarbademli town of Isparta, located in southwest part of Turkey. In this town, clinicians thought that consumption of tea steeped with M. spicata or M. piperita caused a diminished libido. Because antiandrogenic effects of spearmint and peppermint were found previously in rats, it was decided to observe the effect of this herbal tea on the androgen levels in hirsute women.Twenty‐one female hirsute patients, 12 with polycystic ovary syndrome and 9 with idiopathic hirsutism were included to the study. They were took a cup of herbal tea which was steeped with M. spicata for 5 days twice a day in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycles. After treatment with spearmint teas, there was a significant decrease in free testosterone and increase in luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone and estradiol. There were no significant decreases in total testosterone or dehydroepiandrostenedione sulphate levels. Spearmint can be an alternative to antiandrogenic treatment for mild hirsutism. Further studies are needed to test the reliability of these results and the availability of spearmint as a drug for hirsutism. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanotube field of C60 and C70 molecules in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Verberck B. , Michel K. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe calculate the van der Waals energy of a C60 or a C70 fullerene molecule encapsulated in a single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). Orientational degrees of freedom and longitudinal displacements of the molecule are taken into account; calculations are performed for a representative selection of achiral and chiral carbon nanotubes. A simplifying approach, approximating the tube as a continuous cylindrical distribution of carbon atoms, thus focusing on the radius dependence only rather than on the full chirality dependence, is presented. For both fullerene molecules the specific molecular symmetry and the tube symmetry are maximally exploited by using symmetry‐adapted rotator functions. For C60, three molecular orientational regimes can be distinguished upon varying the nanotube radius; the smooth‐tube approximation is valid for high and intermediate tube radii (≳7 Å) while for low radii (≲7 Å) minor chirality effects come into play. For C70, the continuous‐tube approximation works extremely well; we find that for low (≲7 Å) tube radii the “lying” molecular orientation is favorable while for high (≳7.2 Å) radii, the “standing” orientation is recovered—well in agreement with recent X‐ray diffraction experiments. The possibility of having transversally displaced molecules is investigated. Chains of C60 and C70 molecules are studied; a one‐dimensional liquid description of linear chains of C60 or C70 molecules inside a SWCNT is set up. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Highly accurate solutions for the confined hydrogen atom
Authors: Aquino N. , Campoy G. , Montgomery H. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe model of the confined hydrogen atom (CHA) was developed by Michels et al. 1 in the mid‐1930s to study matter subject to extreme pressure. However, since the eigenvalues cannot be obtained analytically, even the most accurate calculations have yielded little more than 10 figure accuracy. In this work, we show that it is possible to obtain the CHA eigenvalues with extremely high accuracy (up to 100 decimal digits) and we do that using two completely different methods. The first is based on formal solution of the confluent hypergeometric function while the second uses a series method. We also compare radial expectation values obtained by both methods and conclude that the wave functions obtained by these two different approaches are of high quality. In addition, we compute the hyperfine splitting constant, magnetic screening constant, polarizability in the Kirkwood approximation, and pressure as a function of the box radius. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Algebraic approach to radial ladder operators in the hydrogen atom
Authors: Martínez‐Y‐Romero R. P. , Núñez‐Yépez H. N. , Salas‐Brito A. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe add a phase variable and its corresponding operator to the description of the hydrogen atom. With the help of these additions, we device operators that act as ladder operators for the radial system. The algebra defined by the commutation relations between those operators has a Casimir operator coincident with the radial Hamiltonian of the problem. The algebra happens to be the well‐knownsu(1,1) Lie algebra, hence the phase‐dependent eigenfunctions calculated within our scheme belong in a representation of that algebra, a fact that may be useful in certain applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Benefits to 0+ fishes of connecting man‐made waterbodies to the lower River Trent, England
Authors: Nunn A. D. , Harvey J. P. , Cowx I. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFloodplain waterbodies are reputed to enhance recruitment of riverine fish populations via provision of spawning and nursery habitat, refuge from floods, and increased availability of planktonic food resources compared with main river channels. Notwithstanding, there have been few parallel studies of fishes and their food resources at both main river and floodplain sites. Thus, this study investigated the 0+ fishes, zooplankton and phytoplankton (chlorophyll a) at four main river and four (man‐made) floodplain sites on the lower River Trent, England, between May 1999 and October 2004 inclusive. All sites shared the same key fish species, and there were no consistent differences in the densities, growth or condition of 0+ fishes from main river and floodplain sites. Similarly, all sites shared the same key zooplankton taxa. However, zooplankton densities, notably of large‐bodied cladocerans, and chlorophyll a concentrations, were significantly higher at floodplain sites than at main river sites. Thus, connection of man‐made waterbodies has the potential to enhance recruitment of riverine fish populations via provision of important spawning and nursery habitat, and superior feeding opportunities for 0+ fishes compared with main river channels. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choice of test for association in small sample unordered r × c tables
Authors: Lydersen S. , Pradhan V. , Senchaudhuri P. , Laake P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPearson's chi‐squared, the likelihood‐ratio, and Fisher–Freeman–Halton's test statistics are often used to test the association of unordered r × c tables. Asymptotical, exact conditional, or exact conditional with mid‐p adjustment methods are commonly used to compute the p‐value. We have compared test power and significance level for these test statistics and p‐value calculations in small sample r × c tables, mostly 3 × 2 and some with both r and c are greater than 2. After extensive simulations, in general we recommend using an exact conditional mid‐p test with Pearson's chi‐squared or Fisher–Freeman–Halton's statistic, which usually is the most powerful test yet preserve the approximate significance level. Moreover, we recommend that the asymptotic Pearson's chi‐squared or other asymptotic tests not be used for small sample r × c tables. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zwackhiomyces cervinae, a new lichenicolous fungus (Xanthopyreniaceae) on Acarospora, with a key to the known species of the genus
Authors: CALATAYUD Vicent , TRIEBEL Dagmar , PÉREZ-ORTEGA Sergio 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:Zwackhiomyces cervinae Calat., Triebel & Pérez-Ortega is described as new to science from Spain and Iran. This lichenicolous species grows on the lateral side of the squamules of Acarospora cervina, and it is characterized by its relatively large ascospores, which are brown when overmature. It is compared with several Zwackhiomyces species and with other taxa sharing some of its characters. A key to all the known species of the genus is also provided.
Aptrootia (Dothideomycetes: Trypetheliaceae), a new genus of pyrenocarpous lichens for Thelenella terricola
Authors: LÜCKING Robert , SIPMAN Harrie J. M. , UMAÑA Loengrin , CHAVES Jose-Luis , LUMBSCH H. Thorsten 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:The new genus Aptrootia Lücking & Sipman is described for Thelenella terricola, an enigmatic terricolous and muscicolous, pyrenocarpous taxon known from Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica, and the new combination Aptrootia terricola (Aptroot) Lücking, Umaña & Chaves comb. nov. is introduced. Aptrootia is characterized by completely immersed perithecia with brown-black ostiolar region, surrounded by a white, cartilaginous thallus resembling that of Gomphillaceae. The hamathecium is typical of Trypetheliaceae, with thin, anastomosing paraphysoids embedded in a gelatinous matrix, but the dark brown ascospores are otherwise unknown within the family. The only known species was tentatively described in Thelenella, but hamathecium type and molecular data place Aptrootia within Trypetheliaceae.
The genus Ramboldia (Lecanoraceae): a new species, key and notes
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras , ELIX John A. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:The new species Ramboldia blastidiata Kantvilas & Elix, from Tasmania and mainland Australia is described, and the new combination, R. elabens (Fr.) Kantvilas & Elix is proposed. The South American R. petraeoides var. concava (Müll. Arg.) Fryday is considered a synonym of R. petraeoides (Nyl. ex C. Bab. & Mitt.) Kantvilas & Elix s. str., and R. crassithallina Kalb and R. sorediata Kalb, both previously considered endemic to Western Australia, are recorded from Tasmania for the first time. A key to the 11 species of Ramboldia is presented.
Revision of the Opegrapha species with muriform ascospores (previously Dictyographa) (lichenized Roccellaceae)
Authors: ERTZ Damien , DIEDERICH Paul 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:Opegrapha species with muriform ascospores are revised and two species, differing only in the shape of their excipulum, are accepted: O. arabica, a widespread coastal species, and O. varians, known from mainland Yemen and Socotra. The genus Dictyographa, previously distinguished from Opegrapha by its muriform ascospores, is reduced into synonymy with Opegrapha. Dictyographa angolensis and D. sandwicensis are new synonyms of O. arabica; the type of D. cinerea was found to be a mixture of different species of the Hysteriaceae; and D. contortuplicata and D. psyllocarpa are excluded from the Arthoniales. Lectotypes are designated for D. angolensis, D. contortuplicata and D. sandwicensis.
Gemmaspora, a new verrucarialean genus with remarkable ascospores for Adelococcus lecanorae growing on Aspicilia species in Syria and Turkey
Authors: HAWKSWORTH David L. , HALICI M. Gökhan 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:The generic name Gemmaspora gen. nov. is introduced for the lichenicolous fungus originally described as Adelococcus lecanorae, a species previously known only from the type collection made in Syria in 1934, but which has now been recollected twice in Turkey. It is distinguished by perithecia that have a double wall layer in which the outer is hyaline and the inner brown, and by brown ascospores with two thick wall layers and an inner delicate distoseptum. A full description and illustrations are provided based mainly on the modern collections one of which is designated as an epitype for the name as no perithecia could now be found on the holotype. The genus is referred to Verrucariales on the basis of the structure of the ascomata and asci, and the new combination Gemmaspora lecanorae comb. nov. made. The holotype also supports Lichenostigma elongata and Muellerella lichenicola which may be the first reports of those two species from Syria.
Attitudes and knowledge about osteoporosis risk prevention: a survey of New Zealand women
Authors: von Hurst Pamela R , Wham Carol A 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and health beliefs regarding osteoporosis risk factors of New Zealand women aged 20–49 years.DesignA descriptive, web-based survey.SubjectsAn opportunistic sample of 622 women aged between 20 and 49 years living in Auckland, New Zealand was recruited by email.ResultsThere was a moderate level of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors among the women surveyed, with a mean total score for all subjects of 16.4 (standard deviation (SD) 4.0) out of a possible 26 correct responses. Mean scores for osteoporosis knowledge were statistically different by age group, with women aged 40–49 years scoring higher than those aged 30–39 years and 20–29 years (17.3 (SD 4.0), 16.4 (SD 4.1) and 15.8 (SD 3.9), respectively, P < 0.001). Overall, about a third of the women perceived that they were likely to develop osteoporosis and 22% believed the disease to be potentially crippling. Most women were aware of the benefits of exercise and optimal calcium nutrition in preventing osteoporosis. Few women perceived barriers to exercise participation and eating calcium-rich foods. Older women (40–49 years) were more motivated to take care of their health than younger women (P < 0.001). A large percentage of subjects (77%) thought that calcium-rich foods contained too much cholesterol.ConclusionsDespite reporting higher than average educational attainment and health consciousness, these women demonstrated average levels of knowledge about osteoporosis risk factors. They had low feelings of susceptibility towards development of osteoporosis, but most considered it to be a serious disease.