bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Plurality of Meanings Shouldered by the Term “Aboriginality”: An Analysis of the Delgamuukw Case
Authors: Panagos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.There is an emerging consensus that group differentiated rights can protect collective identity, furnishing the state with important tools of accommodation. What happens, however, to the efficacy of these rights as tools of accommodation and their protective capacity if the identity they are meant to protect and accommodate is contested? In addressing this question, this paper explores the intersection of identity contestation and group differentiated rights in the Canadian context with specific reference to aboriginality and existing aboriginal rights. First, the paper offers a presentation of the plurality of meanings shouldered by the term “aboriginality”. Second, it traces the numerous decisions which comprise theDlegamuukwcase and examines the various explanations, descriptions and characterizations of aboriginality contained therein. In the process, it exposes that a particular understanding of this collective identity underpins the Court's ultimate characterization of aboriginal title, the aboriginal right at issue in this case. This represents a problematic interpretation, given that the version of aboriginality selected differs from the one put forward by the aboriginal litigants.Résumé.Un consensus émergeant s'établit sur l'idée que les droits différenciés en fonction de l'appartenance à un groupe peuvent contribuer à la protection de l'identité collective, en fournissant à l'État d'importants outils d'accommodement. Qu'arrive-t-il, cependant, à l'efficacité de ces droits compris comme des outils d'accommodement, de même qu'à leur capacité de protection, si l'identité qu'ils sont censés protéger et accommoder est contestée? En répondant à cette question, cet article explore l'intersection entre la contestation identitaire et les droits différenciés en fonction du groupe dans le contexte canadien, avec, comme cas d'étude spécifique, l'autochtonie et les droits des autochtones. D'une part, il explore la pluralité de sens que revêt le terme “ autochtonie ”. D'autre part, il retrace les nombreuses décisions que comprend le casDelgamuukwet examine les diverses explications, descriptions et caractérisations de l'autochtonie qu'elles contiennent. Dans ce cadre, il souligne qu'une compréhension particulière de cette identité collective sous-tend l'ultime caractérisation par la Cour suprême du titre autochtone, soit le droit des autochtones qui est au cœur de ce procès. Ceci constitue une interprétation problématique puisque la version de l'autochtonie sélectionnée diffère de celle que prônaient les litigants autochtones.
Canadian Cyberparties: Reflections on Internet-Based Campaigning and Party Systems
Authors: Small Tamara A. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.Canadian political parties have been using the Internet as a campaign tool since the 1997 election.Rebuilding Canadian Party Politicsby Carty, Cross and Young (2000) presents one of the first analyses of Internet-based communications during a Canadian election. It is also one of the most important assessments of Canadian party systems. The book outlines the components that characterize the fourth party system, which they argue, began after the 1993 election. Regionalization is the defining characteristic of this emerging system. The book argues that the Internet, like other communication technologies, is important in this latest party system. Consistent with the notion of regionalized campaign communications, the authors suggest that Canadian political parties use the Internet to target campaign messages to different regional and sociodemographic groups and enter into private conversations with voters. Using original data collected from the 2004 federal election, this paper reflects on these claims. The paper builds the case that the use of the Internet as a campaign tool is not consistent with their argument. Internet-based campaign communications in Canada by the major parties is neither regionalized nor targeted. Rather, this technology makes campaign communication more transparent and centralized.Résumé.Au Canada, les partis politiques utilisent Internet comme outil de campagne depuis l'élection de 1997.Rebuilding Canadian Party Politics, par Carty, Cross et Young (2000), présente l'une des premières analyses des communications sur Internet pendant une campagne électorale. Il constitue aussi l'une des plus importantes évaluations des systèmes des partis politiques canadiens. Le livre dégage également les éléments qui caractérisent le système à quatre partis qui est né, selon eux, après l'élection de 1993. La régionalisation est la caractéristique déterminante de ce nouveau système. Le livre soutient qu'Internet, comme les autres technologies de communication, est important pour ce nouveau système à quatre partis. Conformément à la notion de communications de campagne régionalisées, les auteurs suggèrent que les partis politiques canadiens utilisent Internet pour cibler les messages de campagne selon les différents groupes régionaux et sociodémographiques et engager des conversations privées avec les électeurs. Le présent article examine ces affirmations à partir des données recueillies lors de l'élection fédérale de 2004. Il établit que l'utilisation d'Internet comme outil de campagne ne cadre pas avec leur argument. Les campagnes de communication sur Internet menées par les principaux partis au Canada ne sont ni régionalisées ni ciblées. Cette technologie rend plutôt les communications des campagnes électorales plus transparentes et plus centralisées.
Interregionalism and International Relations
Authors: Mahant Edelgard 
Published: September 2007

Interregionalism and International Relations, Heiner
Hänggi, Ralf Roloff and Jürgen Rüland, eds., Routledge
Advances in International Relations and Global Politics; London:
Routledge, 2006, pp. 364.How do we explain a widespread international phenomenon that only
occasionally contributes to the geo-strategic or economic interests of the
participating states? This book is about interregionalism, the
international organizations and institutions that link regional
organizations from more than one region of the world (as, for example,
ASEM, also known as Asia-Europe Meeting) or that span across more than one
region, such as APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation) or FTAA (Free
Trade Area of the Americas). The fact is that few of these institutions
have accomplished much in concrete terms, yet they continue to
proliferate, as the four-and-a-half page list of acronyms at the beginning
of this volume amply demonstrates.
Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh
and Nunavut
Authors: Wilson Gary N. 
Published: September 2007

Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural Politics in Denendeh
and Nunavut, Peter Kulchyski, Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press,
2005, pp. xi, 305.Much of the existing literature on politics in the Northwest
Territories (Denendeh) and Nunavut focuses on the dynamics of political,
economic and social change at the territorial level of government. This is
especially true if one considers the case of Nunavut. In recent years, a
number of books and articles have deepened our understanding of
territorial politics and the evolving relationship between the territories
and other levels of government in Canada. Very few studies, however, have
examined political developments in the territories from the perspective of
community politics. Like the Sound of a Drum: Aboriginal Cultural
Politics in Denendeh and Nunavut, by Peter Kulchyski, makes an
important contribution to this growing literature by exploring grassroots
local politics in several communities in the Northwest Territories and
Nunavut.
As Others See Us: The Causes and Consequences of Foreign Perceptions
of America
Authors: Dodds Graham G. 
Published: September 2007

As Others See Us: The Causes and Consequences of Foreign
Perceptions of America, Stephen Brooks, Peterborough ON: Broadview,
2006, pp. 178.As its title indicates, As Other See Us seeks to explain how
the United States of America is perceived abroad. Stephen Brooks argues
that while it is more important than ever to understand how foreigners
view America, academics and policymakers alike have tended to do a poor
job of it, because they overemphasize what America does and underemphasize
what America “is seen to be” (16). In other words, he suggests
that foreign interpretations of America are at least as important as
American actions or policy. For Brooks, perceptions matter a lot.
Rules, Rules, Rules, Rules: Multilevel Regulatory Governance
Authors: Lazar Harvey 
Published: September 2007

Rules, Rules, Rules, Rules: Multilevel Regulatory Governance,
G. Bruce Doern and Robert Johnson, eds., Studies in Comparative Political
Economy and Public Policy; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006, xi,
372.The first stated purpose of this edited collection is to
“clarify conceptually the nature, causes, and dynamics of regulatory
governance in, or affecting, Canada” in a world where the
international, federal, provincial and local spheres are
“interacting, reinforcing and colliding.” The second is to
“contribute practically to the debate on what kinds of principles
and institutional approaches and changes can lessen the problems of
multilevel regulatory governance” (3).
Mondialisation et bien être
Authors: Gosciniak André S. 
Published: September 2007

Mondialisation et bien être, Helliwell, John F.,
Presses de l'Université Laval, 2005, 105 pages.L'ouvrage de John Helliwell est la compilation de trois
conférences données par l'auteur en 2000 ;
retravaillées et mises à jour, elles présentent la
réflexion de Helliwell sur la mondialisation et le bien-être,
ce dernier sujet étant le thème principal de l'ouvrage.
Le lien entre la mondialisation et le bien-être est faible, les deux
sujets étant traités souvent de façon
séparée. Par conséquent, le lecteur qui
s'attendrait à une analyse approfondie des effets de la
mondialisation sur le bien-être humain en sortira peut-être
déçu. Le phénomène de la mondialisation est
l'un des sujets de la réflexion de Helliwell, mais c'est
loin d'être le plus important – le livre concerne par
exemple beaucoup plus les relations bilatérales entre le Canada et
les États-Unis ou encore le rôle du Canada dans le monde
actuel et il faut attendre le troisième et dernier chapitre qui
constitue une réflexion sur la façon de “ combiner
bien-être national et bien-être mondial ” pour voir la
relation entre le contenu des deux premiers chapitres et la
mondialisation. Cependant, il faut rendre justice à l'auteur
qui prévient le lecteur que “ cet ouvrage met l'accent
sur le bien-être comme centre d'intérêt pour les
chercheurs et les responsables de l'élaboration des politiques
publiques ” (p. 1). En effet, ce serait une erreur grave de nier que
l'ouvrage de Helliwell a ses points forts et la réflexion de
l'auteur ne décevra pas un lecteur intéressé par
le sujet. Je me concentrerai d'abord sur la troisième partie
du livre, qui me semble la plus féconde.
Brazilian Politics
Authors: McAllister Mary Louise 
Published: September 2007

Brazilian Politics, Alfred P. Montero, Cambridge: Polity
Press, 2005, pp. 167.Brazil is a country of contrasts. This is one of the first, and most
ubiquitous, phrases that one encounters with respect to this intriguing
country. Visitors to Brazil soon echo this sentiment as they note its
cultural sophistication in the arts, technological expertise in a number
of industries, its vast, diverse territory, as well as its extreme
economic and social disparity. It is the ninth-largest economy in the
world, yet it is also one of the most inequitable; the top 1 per cent of
the population retains 40 per cent of the country's wealth (5). It is
fitting then that this reality provides the integrative theme in Alfred
Montero's primer on Brazilian politics. The topic is first introduced
with an effective depiction of Brazilian president “Lula” da
Silva as he struggles to bridge competing social and economic imperatives
when he attends the World Social Forum held at Porto Alegre, Brazil, and
the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland. The text concludes with an
observation that the president's adoption of a pragmatic agenda in
order to secure economic growth through global markets will not adequately
satisfy the desperate and immediate need for social reform where millions
suffer and comparatively few prosper. Montero asserts that the root of
this misery can be traced to the state's historic pattern of
clientelistic politics, oligarchical rule and
bureaucratic-authoritarianism (25).
Political Culture and Institutional Development in Costa Rica and
Nicaragua: World-Making in the Tropics
Authors: Gonzalez Miguel 
Published: September 2007

Political Culture and Institutional Development in Costa Rica and
Nicaragua: World-Making in the Tropics, Consuelo Cruz, New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 281.Political Culture and Institutional Development is a
groundbreaking historical analysis that seeks to understand the role of
political culture, rhetorical discourses and identity formation in
explaining the divergent dynamics of democratic development in Costa Rica
and Nicaragua. In the same critical vein through which Jeffery Paige,
Edelberto Torres, Deborah Yashar, and Andres Perez-Baltodano—each
from different theoretical perspectives—have sought to discern the
contrasting dynamic of polities' formation in Central America, Cruz
advances an integrative, in-depth study nurtured by “elements of
rationalist, structural and cultural theories” (1).
Construire le politique. Contingence, causalité et
connaissance dans la science politique contemporaine
Authors: Couture Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2007

Construire le politique. Contingence, causalité et
connaissance dans la science politique contemporaine, Laurent McFalls
(avec la collaboration de Nicolas Liorzou, Julie Perreault et Anca Mot),
Presses de l'Université Laval, 2006, 319 pages.Il y aura toujours un risque à encourir dans la
préparation d'un manuel dont l'ambition est de
présenter l'unité d'une discipline dont la
convergence n'est souvent qu'artificielle ou institutionnelle.
Très au fait de ce risque, Laurent McFalls précise
d'emblée que, la plupart du temps, les manuels proposent
“ un tour d'horizon plus ou moins superficiel et
aléatoire ” (p. xiv) ou versent dans le dogme brutal du
“ il y a ” (il y a des idéologies, il y a des
problèmes politiques, il y a des théories des relations
internationales) sans égard à la construction
épistémologique de cette “ réalité
”. Dans Construire le politique. Contingence, causalité
et connaissance dans la science politique contemporaine, McFalls et
son équipe relèvent le défi imposé par une
synthèse désireuse d'éviter ce pragmatisme qui
dissimule davantage qu'il ne révèle, pour inviter le
lecteur à une réflexion épistémologique et
philosophique sur les présupposés d'une discipline dont
le pluralisme engendre certainement une science saine, à
défaut d'un gai savoir.
Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia
Authors: Onder Nilgun 
Published: September 2007

Clan Politics and Regime Transition in Central Asia, Kathleen
Collins, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 376.The long isolation of Central Asia finally ended with the collapse of
the Soviet Union. Five new independent states emerged from the ashes of
the Soviet Union, the very first time in history that the peoples of
Central Asia gained their own independent states modelled on the modern
state. This development caught the world, including Central Asians
themselves, by surprise. It changed the geopolitics of the entire Eurasia.
In the ensuing years, the Central Asian republics have undergone
simultaneous multiple transformations: state building; political regime
transformation; and transition from Soviet communism. Thus the new states
in Central Asia have provided scholars with new cases of multiple economic
and political transitions to study and compare. In recent years, there has
been a significant proliferation of English-language publications on
Central Asia. Kathleen Collin's book, a comparative historical study
of political development in Central Asia, is a major contribution. While
its focus is on Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, it often provides
examples from the other two Central Asian republics, namely Turkmenistan
and Kazakhstan. It is thoroughly researched and rich in information and
details. It also makes a significant contribution to the political science
literature on democratization, regime transition and consolidation.
Norms of Liberty: A Perfectionist Basis for Non-Perfectionist
Politics
Authors: Lindsay Peter 
Published: September 2007

Norms of Liberty: A Perfectionist Basis for Non-Perfectionist
Politics, Douglas B. Rasmussen and Douglas J. Den Uyl, University
Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2005, pp. xviii, 358.As the sub-title here suggests, Rasmussen and Den Uyl seek to defend a
liberalism that does not shy away from deep moral commitments. Instead
they seek one with a “robust moral framework,” one that
rejects “the claim that … liberalism is necessarily connected
to moral minimalism or skepticism” (15). As they point out, this is
not an especially new idea, and indeed much of their argument for a more
philosophically invested liberalism is in general sympathy with the vision
Mill articulated 150 years ago. (They happily go back even further, to
Spinoza.)
Grain yield and quality of wheat under increased ultraviolet radiation (UV-B) at later stages of the crop cycle
Authors: CALDERINI D. F. , LIZANA X. C. , HESS S. , JOBET C. R. , ZÚÑIGA J. A. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYThe increase of ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation could be a challenge for wheat production systems in Southern Chile, as in other areas. Previous reports have shown that increased UV-B radiation decreases wheat yield by affecting both grain number and grain weight. However, contrasting results have also been published showing no effect on wheat biomass and grain yield. In addition, little is known about the effect of higher UV-B radiation at particular periods of the crop cycle on grain quality traits. The objective of the present study was to evaluate grain yield, yield components and grain quality in response to increased UV-B radiation during key periods of yield component determination. Two experiments were carried out under field conditions in the Universidad Austral de Chile (latitude 39°62′S). Two spring wheat cultivars were exposed to two periods of supplemented UV-B radiation (280–320 nm): (i) between booting and anthesis,c. 20 days, and (ii) from 10 days after anthesis until physiological maturity,c. 40 days. Ultraviolet radiation was increased to levels of 3·8 and 4·9 kJ/m2/day in experimental years 1 and 2, respectively, by using UV-B lamps. At harvest, plants were sampled to quantify aboveground biomass, grain yield, grain number and average grain weight. In addition, protein and gluten concentration of grains were measured. Grain yield was not affected (P>0·05) by the UV-B increase at pre- or at post-anthesis treatments. Similar results were found for each yield component. In addition, grain protein and gluten concentration showed similar values in the increased UV-B and control treatments. Therefore, if increases in UV-B radiation take place during the latter stages of the crop cycle as is expected, the present results do not support the speculation that increases of UV-B radiation in Southern Chile will compromise wheat production systems.
Primary structure, expression and localization of two intermediate subunit lectins ofEntamoeba disparthat contain multiple CXXC motifs
Authors: TACHIBANA H. , CHENG X.-J. , KOBAYASHI S. , OKADA Y. , ITOH J. , TAKEUCHI T. 
Published: September 2007

SUMMARYWe have recently identified 2 surface proteins inEntamoeba histolyticaas intermediate subunits of galactose- andN-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (EhIgl1 and EhIgl2); these proteins both contain multiple CXXC motifs. Here, we report the molecular characterization of the corresponding proteins inEntamoeba dispar, which is neither pathogenic nor invasive. TwoIglgenes encoding 1110 and 1106 amino acids (EdIgl1 and EdIgl2) were cloned from 2 strains ofE. dispar. The amino acid sequence identities were 79% between EdIgl1 and EdIgl2, 75–76% between EdIgl1 and EhIgl1, and 73–74% between EdIgl2 and EhIgl2. However, all the CXXC motifs were conserved in the EdIgl proteins, suggesting that the fold conferred by this motif is important for function. Comparison of the expression level of theIglgenes by real-time RT-PCR showed 3–5 times higher expression ofEdIgl1compared toEdIgl2. Most EdIgl1 and EdIgl2 proteins were co-localized on the surface and in the cytoplasm of trophozoites, based on confocal microscopy. However, a different localization of EdIgl1 and EdIgl2 in intracellular vacuoles and a different level of phenotypic expression of the two Igls were also observed. These results demonstrate that Igls are important proteins even in non-pathogenic amoeba and that Igl1 and Igl2 may possess different functions.
Radiocarbon dating of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) remains from Greenland
Authors: Bennike Ole , Andreasen Claus 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon age determinations of 32 walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) remains show that the species has been a member of the Greenland fauna since at least the middle Holocene. The oldest date is 7280–7160 calendar years BP. However, most dated remains come from archaeological sites and are of late Holocene age
Contribution of environmental factors to temperature distribution at different resolution levels on the forefield of the Loven Glaciers, Svalbard
Authors: Joly Daniel , Brossard Thierry 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTThe climate and its components (temperature and precipitation) are organised according to different spatial scales that are structured hierarchically. The aim of this paper is to explore the dependence between temperature and deterministic factors at different scales on a 10 km2 study area on the northwestern coast of Svalbard. A GIS was developed which contained three sources of information: temperature, remotely sensed imagery and digital elevation models (DEM), and derived raster data layers. The first layer, temperatures, was acquired at regularly observed temporal intervals from 53 stations. The second layer comprised remotely sensed images (aerial photography and SPOT imagery) and DEM data at 2 m and 20 m resolution, respectively. From these, a windowing procedure was applied to derive several spatial subsets of different spatial resolutions (6, 14, 30, 60, 140, and 300 m). The third layer comprised slope, aspect, and a theoretical solar radiation value derived from the DEM, and a vegetation index derived from the remotely sensed imagery. Linear regressions were then systematically conducted on the datasets, with temperature as the dependent variable, and each of the other data layers as the independent variables. By using graphical analysis, we link the correlation coefficients obtained for each factor, from the smallest spatial resolution (6 m) to the largest resolution (300 m). The results indicated that each explanatory variable and scale brings a specific contribution to changes in temperature. For example, the effect of elevation remains constant for all spatial resolutions, reflecting a quasi ‘non-scalar’ pattern of this variable. For other variables however, the effect of spatial scale can have a strong effect. In the case of solar radiation, a maximum of explanation was obtained for spatial resolutions of 14 m and 60 m; for vegetation index the optimum contribution was related to the 300 m resolution. Thus, different environment characteristics may have significant effects on changes in temperature when differences in spatial scale are taken into account.