bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Dermatoglyphics inPHOX2B-Confirmed Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome
Authors: Todd Emily S. , Scott Nicole M. , Weese-Mayer Debra E. , Weinberg Seth M. , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth M. , Silvestri Jean M. , Kenny Anna S. , Hauptman Susan A. , Zhou Lili , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Individuals with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome have characteristic variants in the PHOX2B gene (primarily polyalanine expansion mutations). The PHOX2B gene acts as a transcriptional activator in the promotion of pan-neuronal differentiation in the autonomic nervous system during early embryologic development, with a primary role in the sympathetic noradrenergic phenotype in vertebrates. Because sympathetic innervation has been hypothesized to affect the development of dermatoglyphic pattern types, we hypothesized that individuals with PHOX2B-confirmed congenital central hypoventilation syndrome would have characteristic dermatoglyphic patterning and that the dermatoglyphic phenotype would be related to the disease-defining PHOX2B genotype.METHODS. Dermatoglyphic pattern type frequency, left/right symmetry, and genotype/phenotype correlation were assessed for 33 individuals with PHOX2B-confirmed congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and compared with published control data.RESULTS. Dermatoglyphic pattern type frequencies were altered in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome cases versus controls. In particular, there was an increase of arches in females and ulnar loops in males, with the largest differences for the left hand and for individuals with both congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Hirschsprung disease. Dissimilarity scores between the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome + Hirschsprung disease cases were not significantly different, nor were dissimilarity scores between all of the female and all of the male cases. No significant association was found between the number of polyalanine repeats in the PHOX2B genotypic category and dermatoglyphic pattern frequencies in the congenital central hypoventilation syndrome study groups.CONCLUSIONS. These results represent the first report describing specific dermatoglyphic patterning in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and suggest a relationship between PHOX2B and the expression of dermatoglyphic pattern types. An expanded congenital central hypoventilation syndrome data set to include the full spectrum of PHOX2B mutations is necessary to further delineate the role of PHOX2B in dermatoglyphic patterning.
Risk of Porphyromonas gingivalis Recolonization During the Early Period of Periodontal Maintenance in Initially Severe Periodontitis Sites
Authors: Fujise Osamu , Miura Mayumi , Hamachi Takafumi , Maeda Katsumasa 
Published: August 2006

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a critical pathogen of periodontal diseases including recurrent periodontitis. The profound effects of active periodontal treatment (APT) on P. gingivalis elimination were previously demonstrated and revealed that the subsequent P. gingivalis‐free or ‐suppressed status seems to be maintained during early periodontal maintenance (PMT). The aim of the present study was to show the occurrence of microbial recolonization during this early PMT period.Methods: In total, 128 sites from 11 generalized chronic periodontitis patients and one generalized aggressive periodontitis patient underwent clinical and microbiologic examination at baseline (Exam‐I), after APT (Exam‐II), and in PMT (Exam‐III). Exam‐III was carried out an average of 4.5 ± 3.5 months after Exam‐II. Detection and quantification of putative pathogens were performed using a polymerase chain reaction–based method.Results: The PMT used was effective in maintaining the clinical conditions improved by APT. However, in microbiological examinations, Exam‐III showed higher detection frequency and levels of P. gingivalis than Exam‐II. This suggests that a P. gingivalis recolonization started in the early PMT period. P. gingivalis‐increased sites then showed significantly more severe signs of periodontitis in Exam‐I than P. gingivalis‐stable sites (bleeding on probing frequency: 76.7% versus 56.5%; suppuration frequency: 41.9% versus 12.9%). On the other hand, in Exam‐II, no significant differences of clinical parameters were noted between P. gingivalis‐increased and ‐stable sites.Conclusion: Severe periodontitis sites before APT seemed to place them at risk of P. gingivalis recolonization in the early PMT period, and this microbial restoration could be a cause of recurrent periodontitis.
Comparison of Interdental Cleaning Methods: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jackson Margaret A. , Kellett Margaret , Worthington Helen V. , Clerehugh Valerie 
Published: August 2006

Background: Although interdental cleaning is an integral component of home plaque control for periodontally involved patients, limited data exist on the periodontal benefits of commonly used interdental cleaning methods before definitive root surface debridement is undertaken. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of a customized interdental brushing technique and a customized flossing technique on clinical periodontal outcomes prior to root surface debridement in chronic periodontitis cases.Methods: This was a single‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Seventy‐seven patients with chronic periodontitis were measured for plaque, relative interdental papillae level, Eastman interdental bleeding index, probing depths, and bleeding on probing at interdental sites and underwent a 10‐minute hand scaling to remove easily accessible calculus deposits. Before group allocation, patients were advised on toothbrushing and instructed in two customized methods of interdental cleaning involving dental floss and precurved interdental brushes. Materials were supplied after random allocation. Participants were recalled at 6 and 12 weeks for clinical measurements, reinforcement of instructions, and fresh materials.Results: There were significant reductions from baseline for all indices in both groups (P <0.01). At 6 weeks, the interdental brush group improved more than the floss group in every parameter (P <0.05). By 12 weeks, the changes in plaque, papillae level, and probing depths were significantly greater in the interdental brush group than the floss group (P <0.01).Conclusion: This trial demonstrated that patients were able to improve clinical periodontal outcomes by interdental cleaning, particularly with interdental brushes, even before thorough root surface debridement was undertaken.
The Influence of Current and Former Smoking on Gingival Bleeding: The Hisayama Study
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Saito Toshiyuki , Kiyohara Yutaka , Kato Isao , Kubo Michiaki , Iida Mitsuo , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2006

Background: Previous studies have shown that smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis and that it has a suppressive effect on gingival bleeding. This study examined the relationship between smoking, including past smoking, and periodontal conditions, mainly gingival bleeding, in a community‐based health investigation.Methods: Smoking status was examined in 958 subjects, along with the quantity of tobacco currently or previously smoked (never, former light, former heavy, current light, and current heavy). We analyzed the influence of smoking on probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP).Results: In multivariate logistic regression analyses, current heavy smokers were at a significantly greater risk for having a higher proportion of teeth with PD ≥4 mm and a higher proportion of teeth with CAL ≥5 mm; however, they had a lower risk for having a high BOP than did those who had never smoked. Moreover, both former light and former heavy smokers had significantly lower risks for high BOP. When the analysis was limited to subjects with PD ≥4 mm, former heavy and current heavy smokers showed a significant suppression of high BOP compared to never smokers.Conclusion: This study suggests that smoking is significantly associated with PD and CAL and that current and past smoking has a suppressive effect on BOP.
Effect of suckling isotonic or hypertonic solutions of sodium bicarbonate or glucose on abomasal emptying rate in calves
Authors: Sen Ismail , Constable Peter D. , Marshall Tessa S. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine and compare the abomasal emptying rates in calves suckling milk replacer or an isotonic or hypertonic solution of NaHCO3 or glucose.
Animals—5 male Holstein-Friesian calves that were < 30 days of age.
Procedures—Calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer or isotonic (300 mOsm/L) or hypertonic (600 mOsm/L) solutions of NaHCO3 or glucose containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg). Venous blood samples and transabdominal ultrasonographic abomasal dimensions were obtained periodically after feeding, and abomasal luminal pH was continuously monitored by placement of a luminal pH electrode through an abomasal cannula. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration, ultrasonographic determination of the half-time of abomasal emptying, and the time for luminal pH to return to within 1 pH unit of the preprandial value.
Results—Hypertonic NaHCO3 solution was emptied slower than an isotonic NaHCO3 solution, isotonic glucose solution was emptied slower than an isotonic NaHCO3 solution, and hypertonic glucose solution emptied slower than an isotonic glucose solution.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An electrolyte solution for oral administration with a high osmolarity and glucose concentration may lead to a slower resuscitation of dehydrated diarrheic calves because such solutions decrease the abomasal emptying rate and therefore the rate of solution delivery to the small intestine. Whether slowing of the abomasal emptying rate in dehydrated diarrheic calves suckling an oral electrolyte solution is clinically important remains to be determined.
Transmission of bovine coronavirus and serologic responses in feedlot calves under field conditions
Authors: Thomas Christopher J. , Hoet Armando E. , Sreevatsan Srinand , Wittum Thomas E. , Briggs Robert E. , Duff Glenn C. , Saif Linda J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare shedding patterns and serologic responses to bovine coronavirus (BCV) in feedlot calves shipped from a single ranch in New Mexico (NM calves) versus calves assembled from local sale barns in Arkansas (AR calves) and to evaluate the role of BCV on disease and performance.
Animals—103 feedlot calves from New Mexico and 100 from Arkansas.
Procedures—Calves were studied from before shipping to 35 days after arrival at the feedlot. Nasal swab specimens, fecal samples, and serum samples were obtained before shipping, at arrival, and periodically thereafter. Bovine coronavirus antigen and antibodies were detected by use of an ELISA.
Results—NM calves had a high geometric mean titer for BCV antibody at arrival (GMT, 1,928); only 2% shed BCV in nasal secretions and 1% in feces. In contrast, AR calves had low antibody titers against BCV at arrival (GMT, 102) and 64% shed BCV in nasal secretions and 65% in feces. Detection of BCV in nasal secretions preceded detection in feces before shipping AR calves, but at arrival, 73% of AR calves were shedding BCV in nasal secretions and feces. Bovine coronavirus infection was significantly associated with respiratory tract disease and decreased growth performance in AR calves.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Replication and shedding of BCV may start in the upper respiratory tract and spread to the gastrointestinal tract. Vaccination of calves against BCV before shipping to feedlots may provide protection against BCV infection and its effects with other pathogens in the induction of respiratory tract disease.
Evaluation of manufacturing variability, diffusion of filling solutions, and long-term maintenance of occlusion in silicone hydraulic occluders
Authors: Sereda Colin W. , Adin Christopher A. , Batich Christopher D. , Archer Linda L. , Goldman Candice G. , Burns Colby G. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate manufacturing variability, diffusion of filling solutions, and maintenance of occlusion over time in 3 sizes of silicone hydraulic occluders (HOs).
Sample Population—2-, 5-, and 20-mm HOs (HO2, HO5, and HO20, respectively).
Procedures—Manufacturing variability was analyzed by comparing variation in internal luminal areas and filling volumes within each size group. Occluders were filled to 100% occlusion with air (n = 4), saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (4), or sodium hyaluronate (4) and submerged in simulated body fluid. Changes in luminal area and weight were recorded for 133 days to evaluate maintenance of occlusion.
Results—Considerable variability in uninflated luminal area and fill volumes was observed among the 3 sizes of HOs. Loss of occlusion developed in the first 12 hours in all air-filled HOs. Fluid-filled occluders were reliable in maintenance of occlusion after 133 days (99.99% for HO20, 99.59% for HO5, and 90.40% for HO2), although diffusion of saline solution and hyaluronate from all HOs was confirmed by detection of significant decreases in weight over time. There was no significant difference in weight loss between HOs filled with saline solution and HOs filled with sodium hyaluronate.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Saline solution or sodium hyaluronate may be used as a filling solution in the HOs tested. Maintenance of occlusion was best in the larger sizes. Saline solution or sodium hyaluronate should be used in future clinical investigations of HOs. Retrograde filling to remove air should be used when filling HOs with fluid.
Evaluation of intracranial meningioma resection with a surgical aspirator in dogs: 17 cases (1996–2004)
Authors: Greco Justin J. , Aiken Sean A. , Berg Jason M. , Monette Sebastien , Bergman Philip J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine results of intracranial meningioma resection by use of a surgical aspirator and assess prognostic factors associated with intracranial meningiomas in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—17 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs that underwent resection of an intracranial meningioma by use of a surgical aspirator were reviewed. Information pertaining to signalment, imaging findings, clinical signs, duration of clinical signs, preoperative treatment, location of the tumor, results of histologic assessment, outcome, and necropsy results was obtained from the medical record. Clients and referring veterinarians were contacted via telephone for information on recurrence of clinical signs and postoperative survival time.
Results—16 dogs were > 7 years of age, and all 17 dogs had seizures before surgery. The most commonly affected breed was the Golden Retriever, represented by 6 of the 17 dogs. Median survival time was 1,254 days. Of the data collected, only histologic subtype of the tumor was prognostic. Analysis of survival times according to histologic tumor subtypes indicated that the order from most brief to longest was as follows: anaplastic, 0 days; fibroblastic, 10 days; psammomatous, > 313 days; meningothelial, > 523 days; and transitional, 1,254 days.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of a surgical aspirator to resect intracranial meningiomas in dogs was associated with longer survival times than those achieved with traditional surgery alone or traditional surgery combined with radiation therapy. Dogs with meningothelial, psammomatous, or transitional intracranial meningioma subtypes appeared to have a better prognosis than dogs with other subtypes of meningioma.
Evaluation of factors associated with survival in dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas: 139 cases (1993–2003)
Authors: Rassnick Kenneth M. , Goldkamp Carrie E. , Erb Hollis N. , Scrivani Peter V. , Njaa Bradley L. , Gieger Tracy L. , Turek Michelle M. , McNiel Elizabeth A. , Proulx David R. , Chun Ruthanne , Mauldin Glenna E. , Phillips Brenda S. , Kristal Orna 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate factors associated with survival in dogs with nasal carcinomas that did not receive treatment or received only palliative treatment.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—139 dogs with histologically confirmed nasal carcinomas.
Procedures—Medical records, computed tomography images, and biopsy specimens of nasal carcinomas were reviewed. Only dogs that were not treated with radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy and that survived ≥ 7 days from the date of diagnosis were included. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival time. Factors potentially associated with survival were compared by use of log-rank and Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Multivariable survival analysis was performed by use of the Cox proportional hazards regression model.
Results—Overall median survival time was 95 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 73 to 113 days; range, 7 to 1,114 days). In dogs with epistaxis, the hazard of dying was 2.3 times that of dogs that did not have epistaxis. Median survival time of 107 dogs with epistaxis was 88 days (95% CI, 65 to 106 days) and that of 32 dogs without epistaxis was 224 days (95% CI, 54 to 467 days).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The prognosis of dogs with untreated nasal carcinomas is poor. Treatment strategies to improve outcome should be pursued.
Anisakis spp. in European hake, Merluccius merluccius (L.) from the Atlantic off north-west Africa and the Mediterranean off southern Spain
Authors: Valero Adela , Mar López-Cuello María , Benítez Rocío , Adroher Francisco 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe studied the parasitization by Anisakis spp. in European hake (Merluccius merluccius) of 40–52 cm from the Atlantic off north-west Africa and the Mediterranean off southern Spain. Infection parameters differed: The fish from the Atlantic showing a prevalence of 87.97% and a mean intensity of 4.69, while, in those from the Mediterranean, these were 41.27% and 1.73, respectively. In both samples the two-third larval stage types were isolated: Anisakis simplex sensu lato and Anisakis larvae type II, with prevalence of 85.71% and 30.83% in fish from the Atlantic and 41.27% and 1.59% for those from the Mediterranean, respectively. In both samples, the prevalence of larvae in viscera was clearly higher than in the muscle tissue. We also observed an increase in parasitization with increasing host length, those ≥ 46 cm having the highest prevalences (94.87% for those from the Atlantic and 58.33% for those from the Mediterranean; p<0.03).
A new species of Cosmocerca (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) and other helminths from Genyophryne thomsoni (Anura, Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bursey Charles , Goldberg Stephen , Kraus Fred 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCosmocerca tyleri sp. nov. (Ascaridida, Cosmocercidae) from the large intestine of Genyophryne thomsoni (Anura, Microhylidae) is described and illustrated. Cosmocerca tyleri sp. nov. represents the 23rd species assigned to the genus and the 6th from the Australian realm. Of the 5 Australian species previously described, C. tyleri sp. nov. differs from C. limnodynastes and C. novaeguineae in number of plectanes, 4 pairs in C. tyleri, 5 pairs in C. limnodynastes and C. novaeguineae. Cosmocerca australis has 3–4 pairs of plectanes, C. archeyi and C. zugi each have 4 pairs of plectanes; however, in each species the plectanes lie in the fourth quarter of the body and just anterior to the cloaca. In C. tyleri sp. nov. the plectanes lie in the third quarter of the body and there is significant space between the cloaca and the posterior pair of plectanes.
Estimating the influence of increased nitrate loads from wastewater on phosphorus mobility in river sediments
Authors: Gabriel Oliver , Balla Dagmar , Kalettka Thomas , Schilling Christian , Zessner Matthias 
Published: August 2006

AbstractResearch on the sediment‐surface water transition zone in three study site regions, different in hydrological conditions, was conducted to estimate to which extent nitrate in surface water can contribute to riverbed sediment oxidation and thus prevent release of sediment phosphorus to surface water. Consequently, the Dutch Flow Model (DUFLOW) based water quality model “Spreewald” and results from the emission model “Modelling Nutrient Emissions in River Systems” (MONERIS) were used to estimate to which extent wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could contribute to the NO3– concentration in surface waters if they were operated without denitrification. It is demonstrated that an effective phosphorus retention in sediments by means of surface water NO3– is possible only under specific conditions, i. e. (i) a sufficient supply of surface water to the sediment by advective fluxes, (ii) a sufficient amount of sediment iron to provide phosphorus binding sites in the case of sediment oxidation, (iii) a redox system not leading to a rapid NO3– and FeOOH depletion and to phosphorus release from organic pools by high microbial activities. Model results show that in‐stream denitrification processes counteract a significant increase of NO3– surface water concentrations from WWTPs operated without denitrification during summer, when eutrophication risk through phosphorus is highest. The increase of NO3– surface water concentrations in winter due to decreased denitrification in the surface water is of minor relevance for phosphorus release from sediments.
Bestimmung von Umweltqualitätsnormen für potenziell gewässerrelevante Stoffe
Authors: Jahnel Jutta , Neamtu Mariana , Schudoma Dieter , Frimmel Fritz H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWith the Water Framework Directive (WFD) the European Commission (EC) is requested to define environmental quality standards for pollutants to protect aquatic life in surface waters. Quality standards have to be derived by a scientific risk assessment and should not be exceeded. The recommended quality standards are mainly based on long term toxicological tests with algae, crustaceans and fish. The lowest effect concentration is divided by an assessment factor between 10 and 1000, which considers the data quality and quantity. In this work funded by the German Länder Working Party on Water (Länderarbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser – LAWA) environmental quality standards for 40 considered relevant substances were derived for aquatic ecosystems. The data sheets cover the identification of the compounds, their behaviour in the environment (physical‐chemical properties, biotic and abiotic degradation, sorption, bioaccumulation), information about mode of action, uses, analytical determination and available quality criteria. Ecotoxicological effect concentrations for bacteria, algae, protozoa, aquatic plants, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, insects and molluscs are listed. For 17 of the 40 hazardous substances investigated, quality objectives above 1 μg/L were derived. For 12 substances the values were between 0.1 μg/L and 1 μg/L and for 5 substances lower than 0.1 μg/L. Incomplete ecotoxicological data sets of the remaining compounds do not allow the derivation of quality standards. Especially for drugs further ecotoxicological test results are needed.
NordWestZentrum Frankfurt am Main – Teil 1: Umbaumaßnahmen und Ertüchtigungen
Authors: Ernst Günter , Müller Harald 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDas NordWestZentrum ist eines der größten Einkaufs‐ und Erlebniszentren in Deutschland. Es wird von sechs Buslinien und einer U‐Bahnlinie angefahren und verfügt zusätzlich über 3500 Parkplätze. Erstmals eröffnet im Jahre 1968, wurde das Zentrum in den Jahren 1986 bis 1988 komplett revitalisiert und zu einer modernen Erlebniswelt umgebaut.Mit einer weiteren Großbaumaßnahme in den Jahren 2002 bis 2004 erweiterte sich die Verkaufsfläche nochmals beträchtlich. Im Zusammenhang mit der Maßnahme zwischen 2002 und 2004 mußte auch ein Teil des Bestandes umgebaut und instandgesetzt werden, dies unter laufendem Betrieb. Der Umgang mit der vorhandenen Bausubstanz und der Integration von neuen, leistungsfähigen Tragkonstruktionen in den Bestand stellte für die Tragwerksplanung eine besondere Herausforderung dar.