bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postprandial changes in leptin concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid in dogs during development of obesity
Authors: Nishii Naohito , Nodake Hiroyuki , Takasu Masaki , Soe Okkar , Ohba Yasunori , Maeda Sadatoshi , Ohtsuka Yoshihiko , Honjo Tsutomu , Saito Masayuki , Kitagawa Hitoshi 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate postprandial changes in the leptin concentration of CSF in dogs during development of obesity.
Animals—4 male Beagles.
Procedures—Weight gain was induced and assessments were made when the dogs were in thin, optimal, and obese body conditions (BCs). The fat area at the level of the L3 vertebra was measured via computed tomography to assess the degree of obesity. Dogs were evaluated in fed and unfed states. Dogs in the fed state received food at 9 AM. Blood and CSF samples were collected at 8 AM, 4 PM, and 10 PM.
Results—Baseline CSF leptin concentrations in the thin, optimal, and obese dogs were 24.3 ± 2.7 pg/mL, 86.1 ± 14.7 pg/mL, and 116.2 ± 47.3 pg/mL, respectively. In the thin BC, CSF leptin concentration transiently increased at 4 PM. In the optimal BC, baseline CSF leptin concentration was maintained until 10 PM. In the obese BC, CSF leptin concentration increased from baseline value at 4 PM and 10 PM. Correlation between CSF leptin concentration and fat area was good at all time points. There was a significant negative correlation between the CSF leptin concentration–to–serum leptin concentration ratio and fat area at 4 PM; this correlation was not significant at 8 AM and 10 PM.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Decreased transport of leptin at the blood-brain barrier may be 1 mechanism of leptin resistance in dogs. However, leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier may not be important in development of obesity in dogs.
Evaluation of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone to test thyroid function in dogs suspected of having hypothyroidism
Authors: Boretti Felicitas S. , Sieber-Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Favrot Claude , Lutz Hans , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of recombinant human (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in dogs with suspected hypothyroidism.
Animals—64 dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism.
Procedures—Dogs received rhTSH (75 μg/dog, IV) at a dose independent of their body weight. Blood samples were taken before and 6 hours after rhTSH administration for determination of total serum thyroxine (T4) concentration. Dogs were placed into 1 of 3 groups as follows: those with normal (ie, poststimulation values indicative of euthyroidism), unchanged (ie, poststimulation values indicative of hypothyroidism; no thyroid gland stimulation), or intermediate (ie, poststimulation values between unchanged and normal values) post-TSH T4 concentrations. Serum canine TSH (cTSH) concentration was determined in prestimulation serum (ie, before TSH administration).
Results—14, 35, and 15 dogs had unchanged, normal, and intermediate post-TSH T4 concentrations, respectively. Basal T4 and post-TSH T4 concentrations were significantly different among groups. On the basis of basal serum T4 and cTSH concentrations alone, 1 euthyroid (normal post-TSH T4, low basal T4, and high cTSH concentrations) and 1 hypothyroid dog (unchanged post-TSH T4 concentration and low to with-in reference range T4 and cTSH concentrations) would have been misinterpreted as hypothyroid and euthyroid, respectively. Nine of the 15 dogs with intermediate post-TSHT4 concentrations had received medication known to affect thyroid function prior to the test, and 2 of them had severe nonthyroidal disease.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The TSH-stimulation test with rhTSH is a valuable diagnostic tool to assess thyroid function in selected dogs in which a diagnosis of hypothyroidism cannot be based on basal T4 and cTSH concentrations alone.
Modeled detection time for surveillance for foot-and-mouth disease virus in bulk tank milk
Authors: Thurmond Mark C. , Perez Andrés M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To estimate when foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) would first be detected in bulk tank milk of dairies after exposure to FMDV.
Sample Population—Hypothetical dairy herds milking 100, 500, or 1,000 cows.
Procedures—For each day after herd exposure to FMDV, infection, milk yield, and virolactia were simulated for individual cows with low and high rates of intraherd transmission to estimate when a PCR assay would detect virus in bulk tank milk. Detection limits were based on assumptions for the number of virus genomes per milliliter of milk and for analytical sensitivity of a PCR assay.
Results—A mean of 10% of the cows was predicted to have FMD lesions from 7 to 8 days and from 13.5 to 15 days after herd exposure for herds with high and low intraherd transmission rates, respectively. Herd bulk milk volume decreased by 10% by 8.5 to 9.5 days and by 15 to 16.5 days after herd exposure for herds with high and low transmission rates, respectively. Mean times by which FMDV would be first detected in bulk milk were 2.5 days and 6.5 to 8 days after herd exposure, which were extended for 10 to 11 days and 17 to 18 days for herds with high and low transmission rates, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—PCR screening of bulk milk for FMDV would likely detect FMDV in dairy herds several days sooner than might be expected for owner reporting of clinical signs and thus should be worthy of consideration for regional, national, or global FMD surveillance.
Detection of novel papillomaviruslike sequences in paraffin-embedded specimens of invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinomas from cats
Authors: Nespeca Gilles , Grest Paula , Rosenkrantz Wayne S. , Ackermann Mathias , Favrot Claude 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To detect and partially characterize papillomavirus (PV) DNA in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumor specimens from cats.
Sample Population—54 formalin-fixed paraffinembedded skin biopsy specimens were examined. Specimens originated from Bowenoid in situ SCC (BISC; n = 21), invasive SCC (22), and skin affected by miscellaneous nonneoplastic conditions (11).
Procedures—Samples from each tissue block underwent DNA extraction after deparaffinization, and PCR assays were performed. Two sets of primers derived from PV E1 were used. The first set of primers was designed for the narrow-range PCR assay and was able to generate amplification products of feline PV (FePV), canine oral PV, or closely related PVs. The second set of primers was selected for the broad-range PCR assay because of its ability to amplify DNA from 64 human PVs. Sequence analysis of each amplified DNA was performed.
Results—1 of the 21 specimens of BISC was positive for PV DNA on the basis of narrow-range PCR assay results, whereas all the other specimens (BISC, invasive SCC, and controls) had negative results for PV DNA. In contrast, 5 of 21 BISC specimens and 4 of 22 invasive SCC specimens were positive for PV DNA on the basis of broad-range PCR assay results. Sequence analysis revealed that only 1 specimen was infected by a virus closely related to classic FePV. In the 8 other specimens positive for PV DNA, DNA of unknown PVs was uncovered.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bowenoid in situ SCC and invasive SCC of cats may be associated with PVs of genetic diversity.
Monitoring responses by use of five-color flow cytometry in subsets of peripheral T cells obtained from cattle inoculated with a killed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis vaccine
Authors: Platt Ratree , Roth James A. , Royer Ryan L. , Thoen Charles O. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To monitor by use of 5-color flow cytometry the antigen-specific responses of subsets of peripheral T cells in cattle inoculated with a killed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) vaccine and to compare results with those for 2 established cell-mediated immunity assays.
Animals—45 female Holstein cattle with negative results for MAP in skin tests conducted at time of inoculation with MAP.
Procedures—Cattle were allocated to 4 groups. Cattle of group 1 (n = 12) were 0 to 3 months old and inoculated with a killed MAP vaccine. The 10 cattle of group 2 were the same age as those in group 1 but were not inoculated with MAP vaccine. The 11 cattle of group 3 were 9 to 12 months old and inoculated with killed MAP vaccine. The 12 cattle of group 4 were the same age as those in group 3 but were not inoculated with MAP vaccine.
Results—Flow cytometry identified T-cell subsets that responded specifically to the recall antigen. Results of assays for CD25 expression and wholeblood interferon-γ had the strongest correlation with results for skin tests as well as results with each other. Intracellular expression of interferon-γ was not correlated as well with results for the other tests.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Flow cytometry can be useful for characterizing the immune response after administration of MAP vaccine and should be evaluated with regard to its sensitivity and specificity when used in detecting cattle naturally infected with MAP.
Analysis of reports of human exposure to Micotil 300 (tilmicosin injection)
Authors: Veenhuizen Melissa F. , Wright Theressa J. , McManus Robert F. , Owens Jane G. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To identify clinical signs associated with and outcome of human exposure to Micotil 300 (tilmicosin injection).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Study Population—Reports of 3,168 human exposures to Micotil 300.
Procedures—Reports of human exposure to Micotil 300 submitted to the Elanco Animal Health Pharmacovigilance Unit between March 1992 and March 2005 were reviewed.
Results—At least 1 clinical sign was described in 1,404 (44%) reports, whereas the remaining 1,764 (56%) exposures were presumably asymptomatic. Eighty percent of exposures involved males; mean age was 38 years. Sixty-one percent of exposures were a result of accidental injection, with injection site pain, bleeding, swelling, or inflammation being the most common signs, followed by nausea, tachycardia, dizziness, anxiety, an abnormal taste, headache, lightheadedness, limb pain, paresthesia, chest pain, and soreness. Only 156 (5%) reports involved serious adverse effects (ie, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, heart disorder, chest pain, tachypnea, or death). There were reports of 13 deaths following tilmicosin exposure, but only 2 of those deaths were related to accidental exposure. Time to onset of clinical signs was ≤ 60 minutes in 63 of the 156 (40%) reports involving serious adverse effects.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the overall risk of accidental human exposure to tilmicosin resulting in serious adverse effects is low (approx 2 people for every 1 million doses administered). Nevertheless, safe handling and proper use should be emphasized.
Outcome associated with use of a percutaneously controlled hydraulic occluder for treatment of dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: Adin Christopher A. , Sereda Colin W. , Thompson Margaret S. , Wheeler Jason L. , Archer Linda L. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate efficacy of a hydraulic occluder (HO) used for treatment of dogs with an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IHPSS).
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—10 dogs with an IHPSS.
Procedures—Serum biochemical and postprandial bile acids (PPBA) analyses and transcolonic scintigraphy were performed before surgery. Laparotomy was performed, and an uninflated HO was placed around the portal vein branch leading to the IHPSS. After surgery, 0.9% NaCl solution was injected into subcutaneous injection ports at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks to achieve staged occlusion of the HO. Serum biochemical analyses, PPBA analysis, and scintigraphy were performed 2 weeks after occlusion. Serum biochemical analyses were repeated 1 year after surgery.
Results—Implant revision was required in 3 dogs because of rupture of the HO (n = 2) or detachment of the actuating tubing (1). Serum biochemical values and clinical signs improved in all dogs after surgery. Six of 10 dogs had PPBA concentration within reference range 2 weeks after occlusion, and 2 additional dogs had concentrations within reference range at 1 year. Only 5 of 10 dogs had complete resolution of portosystemic shunting 2 weeks after occlusion. Two dogs were lost to follow-up, and 8 dogs remained alive with no recurrence of clinical signs at a median of 22 months after surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of the HO appeared to be an effective method for surgical treatment for dogs with IHPSS, although problems with implant reliability indicate a need for modifications in design and manufacturing.
Effects of caloric restriction and a moderate or intense physiotherapy program for treatment of lameness in overweight dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Mlacnik Evamaria , Bockstahler Barbara A. , Müller Marion , Tetrick Mark A. , Nap Richard C. , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of a weight reduction program combined with a basic or more complex physical therapy program including transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on lameness in overweight dogs with osteoarthritis.
Design—Nonblinded prospective randomized clinical trial.
Animals—29 adult overweight or obese dogs with a body condition score of 4/5 or 5/5 and clinical and radiographic signs of osteoarthritis.
Procedures—A weight-loss program was initiated for all dogs. One group received caloric restriction and a home-based physical therapy program. The other group received the identical dietetic protocol and an intensive physical therapy program including transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Lameness was assessed clinically and by kinetic gait analysis on a treadmill with 4 force plates to measure symmetry of ground reaction forces (GRFs) of the affected and contralateral limbs in bimonthly intervals for 6 months.
Results—Significant weight loss was achieved in both groups; however, greater weight reduction was attained by dogs treated with caloric restriction and intensive physiotherapy. Mobility and symmetry indices of GRFs were improved after 6 months; the best outcome was detected in the group receiving energy restriction combined with intensive physical therapy.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Caloric restriction combined with intensive physical therapy improved mobility and facilitated weight loss in overweight dogs. The combination of dietetic and physical therapy may help to improve the health status more efficiently than dietetic treatment alone.
Evaluation of plasma protein C activity for detection of hepatobiliary disease and portosystemic shunting in dogs
Authors: Toulza Olivier , Center Sharon A. , Brooks Marjory B. , Erb Hollis N. , Warner Karen L. , Deal Wendy 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the diagnostic value of protein C (PC) for detecting hepatobiliary disease and portosystemic shunting (PSS) in dogs.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—238 clinically ill dogs with (n = 207) and without (31) hepatobiliary disease, including 105 with and 102 without PSS.
Procedures—Enrollment required routine hematologic, serum biochemical, and urine tests; measurement of PC activity; and a definitive diagnosis. Total serum bile acids (TSBA) concentration and coagulation status, including antithrombin activity, were determined in most dogs. Dogs were grouped into hepatobiliary and PSS categories. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated by use of a PC cutoff value of 70% activity.
Results—Specificity for PC activity and TSBA concentrations was similar (76% and 78%, respectively). Best overall sensitivity was detected with TSBA, but PC activity had high sensitivity for detecting PSS and hepatic failure. Protein C activity in microvascular dysplasia (MVD; PC ≥ 70% in 95% of dogs) helped differentiate MVD from portosystemic vascular anomalies (PSVA; PC < 70% in 88% of dogs). A receiver operating characteristic curve (PSVA vs MVD) validated a useful cutoff value of < 70% activity for PC.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Combining PC with routine tests improved recognition of PSS, hepatic failure, and severe hepatobiliary disease and signified a grave prognosis when coupled with hyperbilirubinemia and low antithrombin activity in hepatic failure. Protein C activity can help prioritize tests used to distinguish PSVA from MVD and sensitively reflects improved hepatic-portal perfusion after PSVA ligation.
Incomplete rupture of the gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor muscles in a Quarter Horse stallion
Authors: Toppin D. Scott , Lori David N. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 16-year-old 500-kg (1,100-lb) Quarter Horse stallion was examined because of acute severe lameness involving the left hind limb.
Clinical Findings—Examination revealed signs of failure (concurrent flexion of the tarsus and extension of the stifle [femorotibial] joint) of the caudal component of the reciprocal apparatus. Results of radiographic evaluation ruled out fracture or joint injury as causes of the lameness. During the next 48 hours, the reciprocal apparatus on the left hind limb progressively deteriorated until the horse became non–weight bearing on the limb.
Treatment and Outcome—The horse wore a full-limb splint over a Robert-Jones bandage on the plantar aspect of the limb for 30 days. Thirty-four days after the initial injury, the horse had weak function of the reciprocal apparatus and limited ability to bear weight. Six days after removal of the splint, laminitis developed in the contralateral hind limb. The horse was managed with a sling for 5 weeks, during which time deep digital flexor tendon contracture developed. Eleven weeks after the initial injury, the stallion was discharged from the hospital and walking comfortably with a 1-cm-high block under the heel of the left hind foot.
Clinical Relevance—Incomplete failure of the caudal component of the reciprocal apparatus is an unusual injury that likely occurs during a fall with a hind limb extended under the body, resulting in forced extension of the muscle while it is engaged in contraction. Conservative management of this injury in a heavily muscled adult horse is possible.
Adaptive unknown input observer approach for aircraft actuator fault detection and isolation
Authors: Wang Dan , Lum Kai‐Yew 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive unknown input observer (UIO) approach is developed to detect and isolate aircraft actuator faults. In a multiple‐model scheme, a bank of parallel observers are constructed, each of which is based on a model that describes the system in the presence of a particular actuator fault. The observers are constructed based on a modified form of the standard UIO to generate fault‐dependant residual signals, such that when a model matches the system, the residual signal will be zero. Otherwise, the residual will be definitely non‐zero and governed uniquely by the faulty signal. For locked actuators and loss of actuator effectiveness, in which the locked position and the reduced effectiveness are additional unknowns, we develop an adaptive scheme to estimate these unknown parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first adaptive UIO presented. We prove that the proposed adaptive algorithms guarantee that both the residual signals and the estimation errors of the unknown parameters converge exponentially when a model matches the plant. By further designing a model‐matching index, the fault can be isolated accurately. A condition for the approach is that for annth order system, there must benindependent measurements available. This requirement limits the applicability of our proposed approach. The condition is certainly satisfied by all state‐feedback control systems. However, for some other systems, extra efforts may be needed to increase the number of measurements. The method is applied to a linear model of the F‐16 aircraft with controller. The results show that the approach is effective. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mixed‐integer optimization framework for de novo peptide identification
Authors: DiMaggio, Peter A. , Floudas Christodoulos A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel methodology for the de novo identification of peptides by mixed‐integer optimization and tandem mass spectrometry is presented in this article. The various features of the mathematical model are presented and examples are used to illustrate the key concepts of the proposed approach. Several problems are examined to illustrate the proposed method's ability to address (1) residue‐dependent fragmentation properties and (2) the variability of resolution in different mass analyzers. A preprocessing algorithm is used to identify important m/z values in the tandem mass spectrum. Missing peaks, resulting from residue‐dependent fragmentation characteristics, are dealt with using a two‐stage algorithmic framework. A cross‐correlation approach is used to resolve missing amino acid assignments and to identify the most probable peptide by comparing the theoretical spectra of the candidate sequences that were generated from the MILP sequencing stages with the experimental tandem mass spectrum. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 2007
Use of limestone karst forests by Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the Sangkulirang peninsula, east Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Marshall Andrew J. , Salas Leonardo A. , Stephens Suzette , Nardiyono  , Engström Linda , Meijaard Erik , Stanley Scott A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Indonesian province of East Kalimantan is home to some of the largest remaining contiguous tracts of lowland Dipterocarp forest on the island of Borneo. Nest surveys recently conducted in these forests indicated the presence of a substantial population of Eastern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in the Berau and East Kutai regencies in the northern half of the province. The Sangkulirang Peninsula contains extensive limestone karst forests in close proximity to the lowland Dipterocarp forests inhabited by orangutans in these regencies. Orangutans have been sighted in these limestone karst forests, but the importance of this forest type for orangutans has been unclear. Therefore, we conducted 49 km of nest surveys in limestone karst forest to obtain the first quantitative estimates of orangutan densities in this habitat, and walked 28 km of surveys in nearby lowland Dipterocarp forests for comparison. We also gathered basic ecological data along our transects in an attempt to identify correlates of orangutan abundance across these habitat types. Undisturbed limestone karst forests showed the lowest orangutan densities (147 nests/km2, 0.82 indiv/km2), disturbed limestone forests had intermediate densities (301 nests/km2, 1.40 indiv/km2), and undisturbed lowland Dipterocarp forests contained the highest density (987 nests/km2, 5.25 indiv/km2), significantly more than the undisturbed limestone karst forests. This difference was not correlated with variation in liana abundance, fig stem density, or stump density (an index of forest disturbance). Therefore, other factors, such as the relatively low tree species diversity of limestone karst forests, may explain why orangutans appear to avoid these areas. We conclude that limestone karst forests are of low relevance for safeguarding the future of orangutans in East Kalimantan. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1–8, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.