bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnesium malonate on the formation of the β crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Dou Qiang , Lu Qu‐Liang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMagnesium malonate (MgMt) is used to induce the β crystalline form in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) for the first time. It is shown by wide angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized light microscopy that the content of the β crystalline form increases markedly with the addition of MgMt and attains the maximum value at an MgMt content of 0.10wt%. The tensile strength and flexural modulus of the doped iPP sample decrease somewhat; the tensile strain at break increases slightly; and the Izod notched impact strength increases significantly with the addition of MgMt, as compared with the values for the blank iPP sample. The β‐nucleation mechanism of MgMt is analyzed by the dimensional lattice match criterion. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Food and feeding preferences of Himalayan gray goral (Naemorhedus goral bedfordi) in Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Fakhar‐i‐Abbas F. , Akhtar Tanveer , Mian Afsar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHimalayan gray goral is endemic to Himalayas and Hindukush ranges. Analysis of 15 fecal samples and field observations from different areas of Pakistan and Azad Kashmir suggest that goral consumes foliage of a minimum of 28 plant species. Trees, shrubs and grasses appear in the ratio of 1:36:63 and hence the species is a grazer, though may opt for browsing when forced. The species mainly subsists on six species of grasses (Chrysopogon aucheri=17.97%, Themeda anathera=13.03%, Poa pratensis=11.23%, Digitaria decumbens=9.30%, Apluda mutica=7.51%, Aristida cyanatha=3.15%), though leaves of shrubs (Myrsine africana=11.38%, Daphne oleoides=8.87%, Carissa opaca=5.94%, Dodonaea viscose=4.79%, Rubus ellipticus=2.93%, Gymnosporia royleana=1.29%) are also consumed. Food preference indices (consumed/availability) suggest that grasses are highly preferred (16.86 times of availability), followed by shrubs (3.3 times of availability), whereas trees and herbs are not preferred. Food plants contain water (77.9±0.56%), ash (8.6±0.38%), sugars (6.8±0.16%), proteins (5.6%±0.28%) and fats (1.3±0.08%). Food provides 4,440 kcal of energy and 5.45 L of water/day/adult goral, which is sufficient to meet the requirements of the species. Grasses need to be ensured in the protected area separated for management of goral population. Zoo Biol 27:371–380, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential impacts of flooding events and stream modification on an endangered endemic plant,Schoenoplectus gemmifer(Cyperaceae)
Authors: Kitamura Koshi , Yoshimura Jin , Tainaka Kei‐ichi , Yokojima Satoshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRiver management often conflicts with the conservation of species in river ecosystems. In Japan, almost all river systems have been covered by concrete walls. Such river improvement works caused critical damage to river ecosystems. Here we report the ongoing extinction process of a rare aquatic plant by several consecutive heavy rains. The aquatic plant,Schoenoplectus gemmiferC. Sato, T. Maeda & Uchino, is an extremely rare endemic species that is strictly associated with springwater. The species is only found in 23 locations in Japan, including only two major habitats: Hamamatsu and Oita. We monitored the population fluctuations ofS. gemmiferat three river systems in Hamamatsu. In the largest habitat, Higashikanda River, the population size of the species decreased to nearly 1/10th in 2004, due to several severe floods. Spatial and temporal records exhibit four stages of damaging process. The stepwise damages were found to be caused by a rapid flow of water accelerated by the river improvement work (made in 1985). The reproduction and growth by seeds and gemmae did not evidently cover the losses by flood washed out. In the other two rivers, one was extinct and the other is now at the risk of extinction. The modified river structures may be responsible for the near‐extinction ofS. gemmiferin Hamamatsu area. We propose two policies for the conservation of this species: (1) the artificial cultivation of gemmae and seedlings and (2) the modification of river structure to decrease the number of washed‐out plants. In particular, it is important to decrease the water velocity at floods by some methods.
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Isolated from Phlomis crinita Cav. ssp. mauritanica Munby
Authors: Limem‐Ben Amor Ilef , Neffati Aicha , Ben Sgaier Mohamed , Bhouri Wissem , Boubaker Jihed , Skandrani Ines , Bouhlel Ines , Kilani Soumaya , Ben Ammar Rebai , Chraief Imed , Hammami Mohamed , Ghoul Mohamed , Chekir‐Ghedira Leila , Ghedira Kamel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe essential oil extracted from the leaves and flowers of Phlomis crinita Cav. ssp. mauritanica Munby were obtained by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The major constituents of flower oil were β‐caryophyllene (58.1%) and germacrene D (35.1%). This oil inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhimurium with minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) varying between 39 and 625 μg/ml. The essential oil obtained from the leaves was mainly composed of trans‐caryophyllene (40.8%) and germacrene D (39.1%) and exhibited an antimicrobial profile against the same strains mentioned above with MIC between 156 μg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml.
Metabolic and orthopedic management of X-linked vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Fucentese Sandro F. , Neuhaus Thomas J. , Ramseier Leonhard E. , Ulrich Exner G. 
Published: July 2008

Purpose Therapy of vitamin D-resistant hypophosphatemic rickets (VDXLR) consists of oral phosphate and vitamin D supplements. Bone deformities, pain, and small stature can occur even in children with good compliance, requiring surgical correction and bone lengthening. However, only few surgical reports are available. Methods Twelve patients (three males) with VDXLR were followed at our institution. Median age at diagnosis was 3 9/12 years (range, birth to 11 10/12) with a follow-up period of 7 8/12 years (1 9/12–30) and age at last follow-up of 13 6/12 years (2–30). Eight patients underwent surgical correction, three of them in combination with bone lengthening. The corrections were performed at the end of growth in three patients. Clinical endpoints were height, leg axis, and pain. Results Single bilateral surgical correction was performed in six patients; one patient each had three and five corrections. Bone lengthening was performed in three patients. At last follow-up, the height of seven operated patients was within normal range. In addition, leg axis was normalized in six patients with mild genua vara in two. Only one patient complained of intermittent pain. Bone healing was excellent; surgical complications were rare. There was no radiological evidence of degenerative arthropathy. Conclusions Medical treatment remains the main pillar of therapy in children with VDXLR. In case of bone deformity, surgery can safely be performed, independent of age or bone maturation. All patients were satisfied with the results of axial corrective surgery and bone lengthening, and in the majority only one corrective intervention was needed.
Arthrographic indicators for decision making about femoral varus osteotomy in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
Authors: Kamegaya Makoto , Saisu Takashi , Takazawa Makoto , Nakamura Junichi 
Published: July 2008

Purpose There is not always a good outcome after a femoral varus osteotomy (FVO) in those with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD), even when the severity warrants surgical treatment. The purpose of this study was to find arthrographic indicators for decision making regarding the likely surgical outcome of a FVO. Methods We used an image of an abduction position during preoperative arthrography under general anesthesia that simulated the post-operative relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum. In the image, we defined two indicators of how deeply the deformed epiphysis was contained within the acetabulum: an acetabular head index in abduction and an epiphyseal slip-in index. Finding the contact point between the top of epiphysis and acetabulum was the key for the epiphyseal slip-in index measurement. In 37 patients (38 hips) who underwent FVOs based on our inclusion criteria, these two indices were measured retrospectively and were analyzed for a correlation with surgical outcome. Surgical outcome was evaluated using a combination of three factors: sphericity of the femoral head (Stulberg's classification), acetabular cover (acetabular head index), and the slope of acetabular roof. Results The outcome was acceptable in 20 hips (52.6%) and unacceptable in18 hips (47.4%). There was a statistically significance difference in epiphyseal slip-in index between the acceptable group (21.9 ± 2.8%) and the unacceptable group (15.0 ± 4.4%) ( P < 0.0001). An index of 20% or more determined a safe zone for predicting an acceptable outcome with 80% sensitivity, 89% specificity, and a 7.2 likelihood ratio. However, the acetabular head index in abduction showed no such statistical significance. Conclusions In this study, we found that the epiphyseal slip-in index was a reliable indicator for predicting the effectiveness of a FVO. It is worth measuring this index when a surgeon is considering a FVO for a patient with severe LCPD. (Level of Evidence Level III.)
The nociceptive mechanism of 5‐hydroxytryptamine released into the peripheral tissue in acute inflammatory pain in rats
Authors: Nakajima Kunie , Obata Hideaki , Ito Naomi , Goto Fumio , Saito Shigeru 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the contribution of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) to acute peripheral inflammatory pain in rats. We used formalin test in this study. After formalin injection into the rat hind paw, biphasic pain‐related behavior (phases 1 and 2) was observed. A microdialysis study revealed that 5‐HT was released into the formalin injection site in a formalin concentration‐dependent manner (1.25–5%), and its peak time was 18min after the injection. Previous studies suggest that peripheral 5‐HT2 receptors are involved in inflammatory pain. Therefore, we next examined whether 5‐HT2A and 5‐HT2C receptors are involved, and from where 5‐HT is released in the formalin test. Local pretreatment with a selective 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist, ketanserin, and selective 5‐HT2C receptor antagonists, RS102221 and SB242084, inhibited the number of flinches in early part of phase 2 (phase 2A) of the formalin test in a dose‐dependent manner. Peripheral pretreatment with sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn), a mast cell membrane stabilizer, completely suppressed 5‐HT release and inhibited phase 2 responses of the formalin test. These drugs inhibited c‐fos expression in the superficial layer of the spinal dorsal horn of segments L4‐5 at 2h after formalin injection. These results indicate that 5‐HT released into peripheral tissue and its receptors, 5‐HT2A as well as 5‐HT2C, at the periphery have an important role in pain‐related behaviors during acute peripheral inflammation.
Microtubule‐associated Protein 1B Light Chain (MAP1B‐LC1) negatively regulates the activity of tumor suppressor p53 in neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Lee So-Youn , Kim Jung-Woong , Jeong Mi-Hee , An Joo-Hee , Jang Sang-Min , Song Ki-Hyun , Choi Kyung-Hee 
Published: July 2008

MINT‐6701342, MINT‐6706444:

MAP1B‐LC (uniprotkb:P46821) and P53 (uniprotkb:P04637) colocalize (MI:0403) by fluorescence microscopy (MI:0416)
MINT‐6700861, MINT‐6701791:

P53 (uniprotkb:P04637) physically interacts (MI:0218) with MAP1B‐LC (uniprotkb:P46821) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)
MINT‐6702266, MINT‐6702529:

P53 (uniprotkb:P04637) physically interacts (MI:0218) with MAP1B‐LC (uniprotkb:P46821) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
Late Holocene high resolution palaeoclimatic reconstruction inferred from Sebkha Mhabeul, southeast Tunisia
Authors: Marquer L. , Pomel S. , Abichou A. , Schulz E. , Kaniewski D. , Van Campo E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRelations between climate change and landscape evolution during the last two millennia in southeastern coastal Tunisia have been documented using high-resolution reconstruction of flood history and fire activity in the Sebkha Mhabeul core. The age model, based on tephrochronology, indicates that the core extends from Roman to modern times and encompasses the well-defined climatic periods of the last two millennia. This record provides a first palaeoecological/palaeoclimatic high resolution reconstruction in North Africa using a cross-disciplinary approach with both physical (grey-scale intensity, quartz particles) and biological (charcoal and pollen) indicators. The flood history shows four wet/dry cycles (ca. AD 550–950, 950–1300, 1300–1570 and 1570–1870) of different duration. Major hydrological instabilities are concentrated during the Medieval Climate Anomalies and the early Little Ice Age, between AD 1000 and 1550. Direct correlation between climate and fire cannot be established suggesting that the fire history of the Sebkha environment is mainly influenced by human activity. This study demonstrates the great value of sebkhas as palaeoenvironmental archives.
Fish-meal supplementation of grass silage offered to young steers: Effects on growth, body composition and nutrient efficiency
Authors: SANDERSON R. , DHANOA M. S. , THOMAS C. , McALLAN A. B. 
Published: July 2008

Growth and efficiencies of nitrogen and energy utilization for growth by 72 young British Friesian steers (initial live weight (LW) 110 kg) offered a well preserved, formic acid-treated, perennial ryegrass silage with and without supplements of fish meal were examined. Silage was offered either alone or mixed with 50, 100 or 150 g fish meal/kg silage dry matter (DM) and each diet was offered either ad libitum or intakes were restricted to 16, 19 or 22 g dietary DM/kg LW/day. Treatments were imposed over a period of 132 days. Body component weight gains were determined by comparative slaughter.Increasing the level of either feeding or fish meal increased rates of empty body weight gain linearly (P<0·001) and curvilinearly (P<0·05) respectively. Fish-meal supplementation increased rates of ash and crude protein gain (P<0·001) but, in comparison with the curvilinear response to increasing level of feeding (P<0·001), had small linear effects on fat gain (P>0·01). Consequently, in terms of whole body composition, animals given fish meal were leaner than animals offered silage alone. Fish-meal supplementation had no significant effect on the composition of the carcass but increased the concentration of protein in the liver and gastrointestinal tract.The increase in nitrogen intake associated with feeding fish meal resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization as level of fish meal increased. Nitrogen intake required for maintenance was estimated to be 1·054 g/kg LW0·75. In spite of marked differences in the composition of the empty body-weight gain, there was no evidence to support an effect of fish meal on the efficiency of metabolizable energy (ME) utilization for growth (kf) which was estimated to be 0·346 on the basis of data scaled by LW0·75. ME intake required for maintenance (MEm) was estimated to be 0·536 and 0·502 MJ/kg LW0·75 for silage alone and the 150 g fish-meal level respectively.
A sensitivity analysis of the prediction of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of cauliflower crops using the HRI WELL_N computer model
Authors: RAHN C. , MEAD A. , DRAYCOTT A. , LILLYWHITE R. , SALO T. 
Published: July 2008

HRI WELL_N is an easy to use computer model, which has been used by farmers and growers since 1994 to predict crop nitrogen (N) requirements for a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops.A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the model predictions of the N fertilizer requirement of cauliflower crops, and, at that rate, the yield achieved, yield response to the fertilizer applied, N uptake, NO3-N leaching below 30 and 90 cm and mineral N at harvest. The sensitivity to four input factors – soil mineral N before planting, mineralization rate of soil organic matter, expected yield and duration of growth – was assessed. Values of these were chosen to cover ranges between 40% and 160% of values typical for field crops of cauliflowers grown in East Anglia. The assessments were made for three soils – sand, sandy loam and silt – and three rainfall scenarios – an average year and years with 144% or 56% of average rainfall during the growing season. The sensitivity of each output variable to each of the input factors (and interactions between them) was assessed using a unique ‘sequential' analysis of variance approach developed as part of this research project.The most significant factors affecting N fertilizer requirement across all soil types/rainfall amounts were soil mineral N before planting and expected yield. N requirement increased with increasing yield expectation, and decreased with increasing amounts of soil mineral N before planting. The responses to soil mineral N were much greater when higher yields were expected. Retention of N in the rooting zone was predicted to be poor on light soils in the wettest conditions suggesting that to maximize N use, plants needed to grow rapidly and have reasonable yield potential.Assessment of the potential impacts of errors in the values of the input factors indicated that poor estimation of, in particular, yield expectation and soil mineral N before planting could lead to either yield loss or an increased level of potentially leachable soil mineral N at harvest.The research demonstrates the benefits of using computer simulation models to quantify the main factors for which information is needed in order to provide robust N fertilizer recommendations.
Germination and grain vigour of naked oat in response to grain moisture at harvest
Authors: PELTONEN-SAINIO P. , MUURINEN S. , VILPPU M. , RAJALA A. , GATES F. , KIRKKARI A.-M. 
Published: July 2008

Naked oat grain, which is free from lemma and palea, has high nutritional quality, but the unprotected grain is prone to mechanical damages caused by combine harvesting. Naked oats were grown for 3 years in southern Finland, at Viikki Experimental Farm, University of Helsinki (60° 13′N) to produce seed material for laboratory tests that evaluated: (1) genotypic differences of naked oat in sensitivity to damage during harvesting at grain moisture varying from c. 10% up to 50%, (2) the effect of mechanical damage on germination and grain vigour, and (3) grain characteristics contributing to susceptibility to reduced grain viability. In 1997, one naked (Rhiannon) and husked oat cultivar (Salo) were harvested, and in 1998–1999 additional four naked cultivars (Bullion, Lisbeth, Neon, SW 95926) were included. One large plot (14 m×10 m) was sown per cultivar. Two sowing times were used. Fully ripened grains were combine harvested on several occasions for each plot to obtain differences in grain moisture at harvest. Simultaneously, panicle samples were collected, dried and threshed by hand (controls). Grain moisture at each sampling and harvesting was monitored. About 3 months after harvesting, germination tests on blotting paper were carried out. Proportions of normally developed seedlings, seedlings lacking either radicle or hypocotyl, damaged coleoptiles, dead grains and lethally fungus-infected grains were recorded from combine harvested and hand threshed samples on different cultivars and harvest moistures. Tests on seedling elongation, seedling emergence through sand (2 cm and 5 cm depth), and ion leakage were applied to evaluate grain vigour. Groat weight, diameter, length, roundness, hardness and protrusion of embryo were determined.Our results indicated that naked cultivars were far more prone to mechanical damages than husked Salo, but differences among naked cultivars in susceptibility occurred. When targeting germination of [ges ] 75%, grain moisture at harvest should not exceed 19–26% depending on cultivar. Abnormal seedlings appeared irrespective of grain moisture at harvest, but the higher the grain moisture, more dead grains were found in harvested grains after storage. Seed vigour did not alter parallel to germination ability. High proportion of small grains in harvested yield and softer groats contributed to decreased sensitivity to mechanical damages.
Ability of the SUNDIAL model to simulate the short-term dynamics of 15N applied to winter wheat and oilseed rape
Authors: GABRIELLE B. , RECOUS S. , TUCK G. , BRADBURY N. J. , NICOLARDOT B. 
Published: July 2008

Labelling using the stable 15 isotope of nitrogen allows a close monitoring of the fate of the fertilizer applied to arable crops. Because 15N data give direct estimates of nitrogen transformation rates, they also provide more stringent tests for N models than those based on bulk inorganic N dynamics. They may therefore point at flaws in models that had previously gone unnoticed, especially if 15N was monitored on short time steps which capture even rapid processes like nitrification.Here we tested the simple, process-based model SUNDIAL on two such data sets obtained in Northern France under winter wheat and winter rape crops receiving various doses and forms of fertilizer N. In both experiments, microplots (≈ 1 m2 in size) within larger blocks were dressed with 2·0 atom-% enriched labelled 15N, as urea, or ammonium-nitrate as NH+4–15NO3 or 15NH+4–H–NO3. Replicate micro-plots were subsequently sampled on four occasions after fertilizer application, and 15N enrichment was monitored in plant roots and tops, and at several depths in the soil in inorganic and organic forms.Comparison between observed and simulated data showed that, shortly after application, SUNDIAL either underestimated (rapeseed) or overestimated (wheat) the rates of crop uptake. Also, the gradual incorporation of 15N into soil organic matter was too quick in autumn and too slow in spring under the rapeseed crop. The simulation of the rapid depletion of the labelled soil inorganic N pool was correct under wheat, whereas under rape, SUNDIAL predicted an accumulation of nitrate which was not observed.After a longer time interval (1–2 months), the simulated and observed amounts of fertilizer-derived N in the crop and in the soil became more comparable. However, SUNDIAL only accounted for part of the unrecovered labelled N. Additional measurements indicated that denitrification and ammonia volatilization were responsible for most of the losses, with discrepancies occurring because SUNDIAL failed to volatilize ammonia after fertilizer spreading. The other major source of error lay in the simulation of crop demand for nitrogen, which may be improved based on sounder eco-physiological concepts, such as that of a regulation of plant uptake by shoot biomass.