bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose azacitidine after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Giralt Sergio , Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Jagasia Madan , Kebriaei Partow , de Padua Leandro , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Champlin Richard , de Lima Marcos 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors hypothesized that low doses of the hypomethylating agent 5‐azacitidine may maximize the graft‐versus‐leukemia effect and may be tolerated well after allogeneic transplantation (HSCT).METHODS:The drug was given to 17 patients with acute leukemia as salvage for disease recurrence after HSCT (n = 9 patients) or as maintenance therapy (n = 8 patients). 5‐Azacitidine was given subcutaneously daily for 5 days and was repeated every 4 weeks at doses of 16 mg/m2 (n = 4 patients), 24 mg/m2 (n = 9 patients), and 40 mg/m2 (n = 4 patients). A median of 8 cycles was delivered. The median follow‐up was 16 months and 11 months after HSCT and 5‐azacitidine treatment, respectively.RESULTS:Five of 9 patients with recurrent disease responded. Four of 13 responding patients developed disease recurrence while they were receiving 5‐azacitidine after a median of 10 months. The actuarial 1‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were 55% and 90%, respectively. There were no extramedullary toxicities, and no graft‐versus‐host disease exacerbation was observed.CONCLUSIONS:Low‐dose 5‐azacitidine may induce durable remissions for patients who develop disease recurrence after HSCT. Further follow‐up and a larger group of patients will be necessary to confirm these observations. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The mesopontine rostromedial tegmental nucleus: A structure targeted by the lateral habenula that projects to the ventral tegmental area of Tsai and substantia nigra compacta
Authors: Jhou Thomas C. , Geisler Stefanie , Marinelli Michela , Degarmo Beth A. , Zahm Daniel S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrior studies revealed that aversive stimuli and psychostimulant drugs elicit Fos expression in neurons clustered above and behind the interpeduncular nucleus that project strongly to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN) compacta (C). Other reports suggest that these neurons modulate responses to aversive stimuli. We now designate the region containing them as the “mesopontine rostromedial tegmental nucleus” (RMTg) and report herein on its neuroanatomy. Dense μ‐opioid receptor and somatostatin immunoreactivity characterize the RMTg, as do neurons projecting to the VTA/SNC that are enriched in GAD67 mRNA. Strong inputs to the RMTg arise in the lateral habenula (LHb) and, to a lesser extent, the SN. Other inputs come from the frontal cortex, ventral striatopallidum, extended amygdala, septum, preoptic region, lateral, paraventricular and posterior hypothalamus, zona incerta, periaqueductal gray, intermediate layers of the contralateral superior colliculus, dorsal raphe, mesencephalic, pontine and medullary reticular formation, and the following nuclei: parafascicular, supramammillary, mammillary, ventral lateral geniculate, deep mesencephalic, red, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental, cuneiform, parabrachial, and deep cerebellar. The RMTg has meager outputs to the forebrain, mainly to the ventral pallidum, preoptic‐lateral hypothalamic continuum, and midline‐intralaminar thalamus, but much heavier outputs to the brainstem, including, most prominently, the VTA/SNC, as noted above, and to medial tegmentum, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, dorsal raphe, and locus ceruleus and subceruleus. The RMTg may integrate multiple forebrain and brainstem inputs in relation to a dominant LHb input. Its outputs to neuromodulatory projection systems likely converge with direct LHb projections to those structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:566–596, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional statistical modeling of neuronal populations: Illustration with spatial localization of supernumerary neurons in the locus coeruleus of quaking mutant mice
Authors: Burguet Jasmine , Andrey Philippe , Rampin Olivier , Maurin Yves 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn algorithm for the three‐dimensional statistical representation of neuronal populations was designed and implemented. Using this algorithm a series of 3D models, calculated from repeated histological experiments, can be combined to provide a synthetic vision of a population of neurons taking into account biological and experimental variability. Based on the point process theory, our algorithm allows computation of neuronal density maps from which isodensity surfaces can be readily extracted and visualized as surface models revealing the statistical organization of the neuronal population under study. This algorithm was applied to the spatial distribution of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons of 30‐ and 90‐day‐old control and quaking mice. By combining 12 3D models of the LC, a region of the nucleus in which a subpopulation of neurons loses its noradrenergic phenotype between 30 and 90 days postnatally was demonstrated in control mice but not in quaking mice, leading to the hyperplasia previously reported in adult mutants. Altogether, this algorithm allows computation of 3D statistical and graphical models of neuronal populations, providing a contribution to quantitative 3D neuroanatomical modeling. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:483–495, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calbindin and S100 protein expression in the developing inner ear in mice
Authors: Buckiová Daniela , Syka Josef 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCalbindin (CB) and S100 are calcium‐binding proteins expressed in the inner ear in vertebrates. Information about their developmental roles is incomplete. This study investigated the expression patterns of CB and S100 in C3H mice using immunohistochemistry, from embryonic day 11 (E11) to postnatal day 10 (P10). CB was expressed in the otocyst and vestibulocochlear ganglion (VCG) from E11. In the cochlea at E17, CB immunoreactivity clearly labeled the VCG, the outer and inner hair cells, and the stria vascularis. CB staining was also present in the vestibular sensory cells, including their nerve fibers. Two days later, to this expression pattern was added the labeling of Kölliker's organ. Early postnatal CB expression encompassed VCG neurons, auditory hair cells, their afferent nerve fibers, and cells of the cochlear lateral wall. The first signs of S100 immunostaining of cochlear and vestibular epithelial cells appeared at E14. At E17 S100 immunoreactivity was found in a restricted expression pattern in the cochlea. Immunostaining was also present in the sacculus and utriculus and their afferent fibers. The Deiters', pillar and inner hair cells, and the VCG were S100‐positive from E19. Postnatally, S100 staining also appeared in the inner hair cells and Deiters' cells, in some VCG neurons, and, in addition, in the spiral limbus, the spiral prominence, and the intermediate cells of the stria vascularis. This study demonstrates that the sites of CB and S100 expression in the mouse inner ear during embryonic and early postnatal development do not overlap and signal independent developmental patterns. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:469–482, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of substrate temperature on structural and materials properties of zirconium nitride films on D9 steel substrates
Authors: Ashok K. , Subramanian B. , Kuppusami P. , Jayachandran M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThin zirconium nitride (ZrN) films were prepared by using reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering onto D9 steel substrates. XRD technique was employed to study the coatings, observing variations of crystallite size, crystallite texture and lattice constant, as a function of substrate temperature. Chemical states of the ZrN thin films were determined by X‐ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS). AFM picture showed the presence of spherical shaped grains on the top of homogeneous granular surface. The hardness and elastic modulus values were measured by nanoindendation and their values are 18.5 and 343 GPa respectively. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, structural and optical properties of well dispersed anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by non‐hydrothermal method
Authors: Christy P. Dennis , Jothi N. S. Nirmala , Melikechi N. , Sagayaraj P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe formation of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles has been investigated via a surfactant‐free synthetic non‐hydrothermal method. Titanium isopropoxide and toluene were used as the starting materials. At a low temperature of 250 °C for 6 h, the reaction mixture turned in to a white precipitate (TiO2) as a result of the thermal decomposition of metal alkoxide. The obtained product was found to crystallize purely in the anatase phase with well defined morphology. The powder XRD study confirms that the average size of the particle is close to ∼15 nm. The TEM analysis indicates the sizes of the primary and secondary particles in the range between 8‐10 nm and 15‐20 nm respectively. The quantum size confinement of the crystallites is evident from the blue shift of the absorption edge in the UV‐Visible absorption spectrum. The luminescence property of the TiO2 nanoparticles studied by the emission spectrum confirms the presence of defect levels caused by the oxygen vacancies. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of calcineurin in thrombin‐mediated endothelial cell contraction
Authors: Kolozsvári Bernadett , Szíjgyártó Zsolt , Bai Péter , Gergely Pál , Verin Alexander , Garcia Joe G. N. , Bakó Éva 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBarrier function and shape changes of endothelial cells (EC) are regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of key signaling and contractile elements. EC contraction results in intercellular gap formation and loss of the selective vascular barrier to circulating macromolecules. EC dysfunction elicited by thrombin was found to correlate with actin microfilament redistribution. It is known that calcineurin (Cn) is involved in thrombin‐induced EC dysfunction because inhibition of Cn potentiates PKC activity and the phosphorylation state of EC myosin light chain is also affected by Cn activity. Immunofluorescent detection of Cn catalytic subunit (CnA) isoforms coexpressed with GFP was visualized on paraformaldehyde (PFA) fixed bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC). Actin microfilaments were stained with Texas Red‐phalloidin. Cytotoxic effects of transfections or treatments and the efficiency of transfections were assessed by flow cytometry. Treatment of BPAEC with Cn inhibitors (cyclosporin A and FK506) hindered recovery of the cells from thrombin‐induced EC dysfunction. Inhibition of Cn in the absence of thrombin had no effect on cytoskeletal actin filaments. We detected attenuated thrombin‐induced stress fiber formation and changes in cell shape only when cells were transfected with constitutively active CnA and not with various CnA isoforms. Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis has proved that cytotoxic effect of treatments is negligible. We observed that Cn is involved in the recovery from thrombin‐induced EC dysfunction. Inhibition of Cn caused prolonged contractile effect, while overexpression of constitutively active CnA resulted in reduced thrombin‐induced stress fiber formation. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A tactile display using phantom sensation with apparent movement together
Authors: Ueda Shintaro , Uchida Masafumi , Nozawa Akio , Ide Hideto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhen two and more stimuli are arranged in the space, an illusion such as phantom sensation and apparent movement appear in the sense of touch. The foundation research to build a system for presenting two‐dimensional information by using phantom sensation and apparent movement is done in this research. When apparent movement is used, information in the direction can be expressed between two elements of tactile stimulus in two‐dimensional vector information. In this report, the authors propose the technique of information expression using three elements for tactile stimulus that the apparent movement is used with the phantom sensation together. By this technique, two‐dimensional vector information can be expressed by three elements of tactile stimulus. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(12): 29–38, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10000
3D Image analysis for evaluating internal deformation / fracture characteristics of materials
Authors: Nakazawa Mitsuru , Aoki Yoshimitsu , Toda Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Masakazu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the past, all methods which understand deformation/fracture (D/F) characteristics have been limited on the surface indirectly. D/F characteristics are impacted by nano‐scale structural features like air bubbles (pores); therefore, they need to be analyzed including inside. In this paper, we propose a system which automatically obtains the corresponding relations between pre‐ and post‐D/F pores. Our system enabled analyzing three‐dimensional, local, high‐accuracy D/F characteristics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(12): 16–23, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10005
Morphogenesis of CuI Nanocrystals by a TSA‐Assisted Photochemical Route: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Growth Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Baocheng , Xie Anjian , Shen Yuhua , Yang Liangbao , Huang Yiping , Lu Jingjing 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSynthesis of nanosized CuI crystals has become more and more important due to their wide range of applications. However, it is usually difficult to control the morphology and size of CuI crystals because of the preferential growth of the (111) face. In this study, single‐crystalline γ‐CuI nanocrystals with diamond and platelet morphologies have been successfully synthesised by utilising UV‐irradiated 12‐tungstosilicate (TSA) as a reducing agent for the reduction of Cu2+ under ambient conditions. A possible growth mechanism has been proposed and this suggests that the formation of diamond‐shaped CuI nanocrystals is in accordance with homogeneous nucleation theory and the formation of CuI platelets is due to reaction‐controlled growth with (111) facets as the basal planes. Both diamond‐shaped and platelet‐shaped CuI nanocrystals have a strong emission band at 365 nm which is different from the previous reports and a high electrical conductivity, indicating their promising applications in optical and electronic nanodevices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Application of N‐Hydroxylamine Derivatives as Potential Replacements for HOBt
Authors: El‐Faham Ayman , Albericio Fernando 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSeveral heterocycles containing N‐hydroxylamine were prepared and tested as coupling additives to replace the use of N‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) derivatives. On the basis of our results on coupling yield and racemization‐suppressing properties, we propose N‐hydroxyindolin‐2‐one and 6‐chloro‐N‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylbenzimidazole as suitable substitutes for HOBt.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Reconsidering the “relative” in relative ingroup prototypicality
Authors: Ullrich Johannes 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRelative ingroup prototypicality (RIP) is an important concept in the ingroup projection model (IPM) of social discrimination and tolerance. This paper reviews measures of RIP currently in use and critically examines how the notion of RIP is captured by statistical tests treating RIP as a single variable. It is concluded that composite measures of RIP imply multiple statistical hypotheses that have previously been confounded. The value of an alternative multiple regression approach is illustrated in a study testing the hypothesis of a negative relationship between RIP and outgroup attitudes. Results based on the conventional univariate analyses would have confirmed or disconfirmed the hypothesis depending on the scoring method. In contrast, the multiple regression approach described in this paper resolves this ambiguity by suggesting that only outgroup prototypicality may be necessary to predict outgroup attitudes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cofactor engineering of Lactobacillus brevis alcohol dehydrogenase by computational design
Authors: Machielsen Ronnie , Looger Loren L. , Raedts John , Dijkhuizen Sjoerd , Hummel Werner , Hennemann Hans‐Georg , Daussmann Thomas , van der Oost John 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe R‐specific alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (Lb‐ADH) catalyzes the enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones to the corresponding secondary alcohols. It is stable and has broad substrate specificity. These features make this enzyme an attractive candidate for biotechnological applications. A drawback is its preference for NADP(H) as a cofactor, which is more expensive and labile than NAD(H). Structure‐based computational protein engineering was used to predict mutations to alter the cofactor specificity of Lb‐ADH. Mutations were introduced into Lb‐ADH and tested against the substrate acetophenone, with either NAD(H) or NADP(H) as cofactor. The mutant Arg38Pro showed fourfold increased activity with acetophenone and NAD(H) relative to the wild type. Both Arg38Pro and wild type exhibit a pH optimum of 5.5 with NAD(H) as cofactor, significantly more acidic than with NADP(H). These and related Lb‐ADH mutants may prove useful for the green synthesis of pharmaceutical precursors.
Experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of base‐isolated highway bridges using MR dampers
Authors: Guo Anxin , Li Zhongjun , Li Hui , Ou Jinping 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPounding between adjacent superstructures has been a major cause of highway bridge damage in the past several earthquakes. This paper presents an experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of highway bridges subjected to earthquake ground motions by using magnetorheological (MR) dampers. An analytical model, which incorporates structural pounding and MR dampers, is developed. A series of shaking table tests on a 1:20 scaled base‐isolated bridge model are performed to investigate the effects of pounding between adjacent superstructures on the dynamics of the structures. Based on the test results, the parameters of the linear and the nonlinear viscoelastic impact models are identified. Performance of the semiactive system for reducing structural pounding is also investigated experimentally, in which the MR dampers are used in conjunction with the proposed control strategy, to verify the effectiveness of the MR dampers. Structural responses are also simulated by using the established analytical model and compared with the shaking table test results. The results show that pounding between adjacent superstructures of the highway bridge significantly increases the structural acceleration responses. For the base‐isolated bridge model considered here, the semiactive control system with MR dampers effectively precludes pounding. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance analysis of IDEAL algorithm for three‐dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems
Authors: Sun Dong‐Liang , Qu Zhi‐Guo , He Ya‐Ling , Tao Wen‐Quan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRecently, an efficient segregated algorithm for incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems, called inner doubly iterative efficient algorithm for linked equations (IDEAL), has been proposed by the present authors. In the algorithm there exist inner doubly iterative processes for pressure equation at each iteration level, which almost completely overcome two approximations in SIMPLE algorithm. Thus, the coupling between velocity and pressure is fully guaranteed, greatly enhancing the convergence rate and stability of solution process. However, validations have only been conducted for two‐dimensional cases. In the present paper the performance of the IDEAL algorithm for three‐dimensional incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer problems is analyzed and a systemic comparison is made between the algorithm and three other most widely used algorithms (SIMPLER, SIMPLEC and PISO). By the comparison of five application examples, it is found that the IDEAL algorithm is the most robust and the most efficient one among the four algorithms compared. For the five three‐dimensional cases studied, when each algorithm works at its own optimal under‐relaxation factor, the IDEAL algorithm can reduce the computation time by 12.9–52.7% over SIMPLER algorithm, by 45.3–73.4% over SIMPLEC algorithm and by 10.7–53.1% over PISO algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RET‐mediated gene expression pattern is affected by isoform but not oncogenic mutation
Authors: Hickey Jessica G. , Myers Shirley M. , Tian Xuefei , Zhu Shu Jun , V. Shaw Julie L. , Andrew Scott D. , Richardson Douglas S. , Brettschneider Julia , Mulligan Lois M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) is caused by mutations of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase and is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma. MEN 2 subtypes have distinct mutational spectrums and vary in severity. The most severe disease subtype, MEN 2B, is associated with a specific RET mutation (M918T) that has been predicted to alter downstream signaling and target gene expression patterns. We used gene expression microarray analysis to identify target genes modulated by RET. We compared two oncogenic RET mutants, associated with MEN 2A (2ARET) or MEN 2B (2BRET) disease subtypes, that are predicted to have distinct downstream target genes. We showed that overall, 2ARET and 2BRET modulated genes with similar functional ontologies. Further, when we validated our microarray data by quantitative real time PCR, we did not detect major differences in gene expression associated with these mutants when differences in receptor activity levels were considered. We did, however, detect differences in gene expression induced by two RET COOH‐terminal isoforms, RET9 and RET51, irrespective of the RET form present (wildtype, 2ARET, or 2BRET). Our data suggest that similar transcriptional programs contribute to all forms of MEN 2 but that differences in target gene expression may contribute to developmental pattern differences observed between RET isoforms. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.