bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenic Collagen in Induced Ascitic Fluid: Concurrent Preparation of Anti-Murine Immunoglobulin E
Authors: Gershwin Laurel J. , Osebold John W. , Zee Yuan Chung 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antiserum to murine immunoglobulin (Ig) E was produced by inoculation of goats with a pool of partially purified IgE from serum and adjuvant-induced ascitic fluid. Antibodies to collagen were found to be present in the antiserum when the latter was conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and applied to mouse pulmonic tissue. The intense connective tissue fluorescence was eliminated following absorption with mouse collagen. Immunogenic collagen components were presumed to arise in ascitic fluid as a consequence of the adjuvant-induced inflammation. Ascitic fluid is commonly used when large volumes of serum proteins are collected from small mammals. It is suggested that ascitic fluid may not be an ideal antigen source when antiserum is to be used for immunofluorescence studies on tissue.
Inheritance of Cambendazole Resistance in Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Herlich Harry , Rew Robert S. , Colglazier Merle L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fourth-molt larvae (M4) of cambendazole-resistant (CBZ-R) and cambendazole-susceptible (BPL) strains of Haemonchus contortus were recovered from donor lambs and inoculated orally into source lambs to effect mating in a 2nd lamb. Eggs produced by these parasitic matings were collected, cultured, and inoculated into lambs to compare the anthelmintic activity of cambendazole (cbz), given at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg, against the F1 adults with its activity against the 2 parental strains (CBZ-R and BPL). In 2 replications, cbz was 94% and 99% efficacious against the progeny of the cross matings and 91% and 95% against the BPL strain; cbz was only 39% and 42% efficacious against the CBZ-R strain. In 1 test of F2 progeny of the reciprocal matings, cbz was 81.2% efficacious against the F2 adults, whereas cbz was 97.5% efficacious against the BPL strain and 37% against the CBZ-R strain. The results indicated that heredity of resistance to cbz in H contortus is not sex-linked and is probably a result of a heterozygous recessive allele. The infective larvae of the CBZ-R groups in these 3 trials were from the 20th and 24th passages through lambs without exposure to any anthelmintics, yet the anthelmintic activity of cbz ranged from 37% to 42%, indicating that there had been no reversion to susceptibility.
Total and Differential Somatic Cell Counts in Secretions from Noninfected Bovine Mammary Glands: The Peripartum Period
Authors: McDonald J. S. , Anderson A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 3 cows, mean total somatic cell counts in mammary gland secretions were > 1 × 106/ml from 25 days before parturition until parturition. Cell population decreased rapidly after parturition, and 10 days after parturition, all counts in foremilk were < 1 × 105/ml.
Macrophages and lymphocytes in equal numbers were present in secretions before parturition. Starting approximately 5 days before parturition, lymphocytes decreased so that they were absent at parturition. Nearly all cells in secretions after parturition were macrophages. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were in low numbers or absent from all secretions.
Interferon, Fluorescent Antibody, and Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Sera of Calves Inoculated with Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: El Azhary M. A. S. Y. , Silim A. , Roy R. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Interferon, fluorescent antibody, and neutralizing antibody responses were studied in sera of 9 calves inoculated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, in relation to viral shedding and clinical signs of disease. The calves (5.5 to 6.5 weeks of age) were assigned to 3 groups. Group I was inoculated once with the virus, and groups II and III were challenge exposed at postinoculation day (pid) 15 or 37. Serum-neutralizing and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques were used to measure antibody responses. The plaque-inhibition technique, using vesicular stomatitis virus, was applied to measure serum interferon titers. The virus was recovered by inoculation of nasal secretions onto cell cultures.
Fluorescent antibody was detected in all calves on pid 3, with maximum titers appearing approximately on pid 10. Low neutralizing antibody was detected in most animals on pid 3, and titers peaked approximately 4.5 weeks after inoculation and then decreased. Interferon titers were high in all calves during the early stage of infection, dropped to undetectable amounts by pid 6, and reappeared in low amounts at least 1 week later. All infected calves manifested clinical signs of disease by pid 4 to 9. Clinical signs of disease were not observed after challenge exposure at pid 15 or 37, and anamnestic responses were not detected. Virus was recovered after challenge exposure at pid 15, but not at pid 37.
Development of a Chemically Altered Pasteurella multocida Vaccinal Strain
Authors: Kucera C. J. , Wong J. C. S. , Eis R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The immunogenic properties of a chemically altered strain of Pasteurella multocida were studied. The chemically altered vaccinal strain, 76-63M, afforded calves, swine, and sheep protection against challenge exposure with virulent P multocida organisms.
A high degree of protection was elicited in mice and hamsters vaccinated with the experimental vaccine. The chemically altered strain of P multocida compared favorably with reference bacterin standards in inducing resistance to challenge exposure.
Correlation of Blood Lymphocyte Nuclear Pocket Prevalence with Enzootic Bovine Leukemia p24 Viral Antibody Titers
Authors: Weber A. , Bingham C. , Pomeroy K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The quantitative relationship between radioimmunoassay serotiters to p24 enzootic bovine leukemia viral antigen and the prevalence of lymphocytic nuclear pockets (lnp) was studied in 554 clinically normal dairy cows and bulls.
Of the animals, 69% were seronegative. Of the seronegative animals, 44% had no observed lnp, whereas 93% of the seronegative animals had < 1% lnp. However, 2.3% of the seronegative animals had substantially increased (> 2%) numbers of lnp, and conversely, 24% of the seropositive animals had no observed lnp.
Statistical evaluation of the data, using contingency table and regression methods, provide significant (P < 0.0001) evidence for a positive association between lnp prevalence and p24 bovine leukemia viral serotiters. Although significant, the association was weak, and hence lnp number had little value for predicting serotiter.
Temporary Plasma-Induced Remission of Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Dog
Authors: MacEwen E. Gregory , Patnaik Amiya K. , Hayes Audrey A. , Wilkins Robert J. , Hardy W.D. , Kassel Robert L. , Old Lloyd J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A mixed-breed dog with lymphoblastic leukemia was treated with infusions of freshly collected heparinized plasma and whole blood over a 42-day period. Remission (absence of clinical or hematologic abnormalities) was achieved, demonstrating that the blood of normal animals contains an anti-leukemia substance. The dog remained in remission without additional treatment for 19 months, at which time recurrence of the leukemia was diagnosed. Attempts to achieve a 2nd remission with similar blood constituents were unsuccessful.
Studies with Equine Infectious Anemia Virus: Transmission Attempts by Mosquitoes and Survival of Virus on Vector Mouthparts and Hypodermic Needles, and in Mosquito Tissue Culture
Authors: Williams D. L. , Issel C. J. , Steelman C. D. , Adams W. V. , Benton C. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Biological and mechanical transmission trials with Psorophora columbiae (Dyar and Knab) and Aedes sollicitans (Walker) and ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) were negative. The eiav antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay in Ae sollicitans immediately after the mosquitoes had fed on an acutely ill pony, but not 14 days after feeding. Psorophora columbiae mosquitoes had detectable eiav antigen as determined by radioimmunoassay 24 hours after they fed on an acutely ill pony; this antigen was not detected again until 6 days after feeding and was still detected 14 days after feeding.
The eiav was detected on hypodermic needles held at 25 C for 96 hours, but was not detected 120 hours after the needles were dipped in solutions of eiav. The virus was detected on the mouthparts of mosquitoes for 1 hour after they had fed on an eiav-rich medium, but was not detected 4 hours after feeding.
Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say ovarian cells maintained the infectivity of eiav for 10 weekly passages, but no evidence for virus multiplication was obtained.
Endotoxin-Induced Hemodynamic Changes in Ponies: Effects of Flunixin Meglumine
Authors: Bottoms Gerald D. , Fessler J. F. , Roesel O. F. , Moore Alfred B. , Frauenfelder Harry C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was made of flunixin meglumine, an analgesic agent with antiinflammatory and antiprostaglandin activity, for the management of endotoxin-induced cardiovascular derangements. Three groups of 5 ponies each were used: controls—group 1; given endotoxin but not treated—group 2; and given endotoxin and treated with flunixin meglumine—group 3. Shock was induced in anesthetized ponies with iv injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Hemodynamic changes were monitored, and regional blood flow was determined at 4 different times, using microspheres labeled with 1 of 4 nuclides.
There were extensive vasodilation and decreased blood return to the heart of group 2 ponies, as indicated by decreased mean arterial blood pressure and central venous pressure and by increased heart rate and cardiac output. Blood flow, as determined by radioactive microspheres, to gastrointestinal regions, skeletal muscle, and skin was increased and that to the cns was decreased. Treatment with flunixin meglumine (group 3 ponies) exerted selective microvascular actions which helped to reverse endotoxin-induced changes. This included the maintenance of mean arterial blood pressure and the enhanced perfusion of vital organs (eg, brain and heart) by preventing extensive vasodilation in the gastrointestinal tract.
Cortical Cataracts Induced by Hygromycin B in Swine
Authors: Sanford S. E. , Dukes T. W. , Creighton M. O. , Trevithick J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Conventionally raised Yorkshire cross-bred pigs which were continuously fed hygromycin B at dose levels of 66 g and 13.2 g/1,000 kg of commercial feed (groups 1 and 2) developed cortical cataracts after 10 and 14.3 months, respectively. Cataracts did not develop during this same period in control pigs (group 4) fed the same commercial diet without added drug (group 4) or in pigs (group 3) fed hygromycin B intermittently (13.2 g/1,000 kg for 8 weeks and then off for 8 weeks).
Sows in private herds in Ontario and Quebec which had been affected have not developed new cataracts in the 2 years since usage of hygromycin B as an anthelmintic was stopped.
Nonuniform Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Immunoglobulin A Cells in Canine Intestines
Authors: Willard M. D. , Leid R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The horizontal and vertical distributions of immunoglobulin (Ig) A cells were determined in canine intestines by immunoperoxidase assay on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. With this technique, excellent preservation of tissue morphology was obtained, and special tissue fixation and handling were not required.
Immunoglobulin A cells were counted in 2 different ways at different magnifications. It was seen that (i) the duodenum usually had the highest cell counts at all levels of the lamina propria, (ii) IgA cells in the zone closest to the intestinal lumen became less numerous caudad from the duodenum to the colon, (iii) the zone closest to the submucosa (zone D) had the fewest IgA cells in the small intestines, and (iv) the IgA cell counts in zone D tended to be lowest in the jejunum and ileum and highest in the duodenum and colon.
Biomechanical Analysis of Forces Acting About the Canine Hip
Authors: Arnoczky Steven P. , Torzilli Peter A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The forces acting about the canine hip were calculated from measurements obtained from a radiograph of the pelvis and femur. It was found that during a 3-legged stance, the single weight-bearing hip was subjected to a force approximately 1.5 times body weight. Increasing the femoral neck angle and/or abducting the hip resulted in an increase in hip and abductor muscle forces, whereas decreasing the femoral neck angle and/or adducting the hip decreased these forces. Subluxation of the femoral head also increased both the abductor muscle force and hip force.
Monosynaptic Reflex (H Wave) in Clinically Normal and Abnormal Dogs
Authors: Knecht Charles D. , Redding Richard W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A monosynaptic reflex (H wave) was recorded in 10 clinically normal dogs and in 5 dogs with paresis and clinical signs of lumbosacral disease. The tibial nerve proximal to the hock was stimulated with an electrical rectangular pulse. Optimal duration of stimulus was 0.1 ms. A submaximal stimulation (30 to 37 V) produced optimal waves with latency rates of 30 to 50 m/s. Testing with the H wave should permit evaluation of the afferent and efferent nerve function and the synapse in the spinal cord.
Freeze-Preserved Baboon Red Blood Cells: Effects of Biochemical Modification and Perfusion in Vitro
Authors: Valeri C. R. , Lindberg J. R. , Contreras T. J. , Lowrie G. B. , Pivacek L. E. , Gray A. , Valeri D. A. , Emerson C. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated baboon rbc were freeze-preserved with 40% (w/v) glycerol at —80 C. To prepare rejuvenated rbc, a 50-ml solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine was used and rbc were incubated with this solution before glycerolization and freezing. Appropriate steps were taken to minimize osmotic damage to the rbc during glycerolization and deglycerolization. Nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated cryopreserved rbc had freeze-thaw recovery values of 98%, freeze-thaw-wash recovery values of 92%, and 24-hour posttransfusion survival values of 85%.
Some units of cryopreserved rbc were autotransfused after thawing, washing, and storage at 4 C for 24 hours. Other units were perfused in vitro before autotransfusion. After 24 hours of postwash storage, the rbc were concentrated by centrifugation and suspended in a plasma protein fraction and/or an electrolyte solution, and then were exposed to extracorporeal perfusion. Serious adverse effects were not observed on posttransfusion survival, function, or hemolysis in nonrejuvenated or rejuvenated baboon rbc as a result of perfusion in vitro.
Ultrastructure of Haemophilus somnus, Causative Agent of Bovine Infectious Thromboembolic Meningoencephalitis
Authors: Stephens L. R. , Little P. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electron microscopic examination of Haemophilus somnus showed it to have a cell envelope typical of gram-negative bacteria. Using negative staining, pili were not seen, and thin sections of ruthenium red-stained bacteria did not reveal a polysaccharide capsule.
Inheritance of Microphthalmia with Coloboma in the Australian Shepherd Dog
Authors: Gelatt Kirk N. , Powell N. Gail , Huston Keith 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Microphthalmia with coloboma behaves as an incompletely penetrant recessive trait in the merle Australian Shepherd dog. Microphthalmia and related anomalies occurred more often in merle dogs with predominate white than in merles with limited white hair coat. The study did not establish a genetic relationship between the amount of merling and microphthalmia.
The inheritance of merling behaved as a dominant trait, but fewer non-merles occurred than were expected. Variations in white spotting were satisfactorily explained by several hypotheses involving 2 or 3 alleles at the S locus. Each requires some or all homozygous merles to be largely white and 1 or more of the S alleles to exhibit some extent of dominance over other alleles in the series.
Feline Mammary Hypertrophy/Fibroadenoma Complex: Clinical and Hormonal Aspects
Authors: Hayden David W. , Johnston Shirley D. , Kiang David T. , Johnson Kenneth H. , Barnes Donald M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Abnormal mammary enlargement, characterized microscopically by hyperplasia of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, was studied in 26 cats which were mostly young, sexually intact females. Clinicopathologic data indicated that mammary hypertrophy was likely progesterone-dependent. Administration of progestins preceded this condition in 5 cats, 4 of which were neutered. Serum progesterone concentrations (6.7 ng/ml) were increased in 1 of the 3 cats tested. Estrogen receptors were not found in the cytosols or nuclei of mammary tissues ih the 2 cats studied. However, there were convincing 4S [3H]progesterone or 5S [3H]R5020 binding peaks which were suppressible by nonlabeled progestins. Progesterone receptors were measured at 14.9 and 8.6 fm/mg of protein, respectively. The apparent influence of progesterone, whether present as exogenous therapy in the male or female or as endogenous steroid of ovarian origin, has thus been demonstrated directly and indirectly in cats with mammary hypertrophy.
Selenium Content and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Tissues of Young Cattle Fed Supplemented Whole Milk Diets
Authors: Scholz Richard W. , Todhunter Deborah A. , Cook Lynda S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three groups of 5 calves each were fed (from birth to 12 weeks of age) 3 vitamin-mineral supplemented whole milk diets differing only in their selenium (Se) content (0.03, 0.23, and 0.53 μg/g of solids). Glutathione peroxidase (gsh-Px) activities and Se concentrations were determined in blood at weekly intervals and in selected tissues after 12 weeks. There were marked differences among the tissues in gsh-Px activity, most notably in the liver, lungs, and adrenal glands, depending on whether H2O2 or cumene hydroperoxide was used to assay the enzyme. Tissues having the highest gsh-Px activity on a weight basis, when assayed with the H2O2 substrate, were erythrocytes and testes. Enzyme activity in thymus, brain, striated muscle, adipose tissue, and blood plasma was lowest among the tissues analyzed. The Se concentration on a fresh tissue-weight basis was highest in kidney cortex, intermediate in kidney medulla, testes, liver, and spleen, and lowest in striated muscle, adipose tissue, and blood plasma. The Se concentration was increased in liver, kidney cortex, spleen, and heart, with increasing increments of dietary Se, whereas differences were not observed in testes and adipose tissue.
Further Studies of Naturally Occurring Latent Bovine Herpesvirus Infection
Authors: Homan E. J. , Easterday B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Attempts were made to enhance the isolation rate of latent bovine herpesviruses from trigeminal ganglia by using a fibroblastic fetal bovine kidney cell line, in addition to Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells, and by superinfecting with a temperature-sensitive helper strain of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). Four isolates of latent bhv-1 were obtained from 44 pairs of trigeminal ganglia—thus reflecting no increase in isolation rate over that previously observed. Two isolates of a latent bovine herpesvirus indistinguishable from bovine herpesvirus-3 strain DN599 were also obtained.
Analysis of plaque morphology of bhv-1 isolates obtained in this and a previous study indicated that several biologically heterogeneous strains were capable of establishing latent infections.
Use of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Mycobacterial Antigens in Tissues of Mycobacterium bovis-Infected Cattle
Authors: Thoen Charles O. , Malstrom Carolyn , Himes Elmer M. , Mills Ken 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for detecting the presence of mycobacterial antigens in the tissues of 20 cattle from which Mycobacterium bovis was isolated. Protein A labeled with horse-radish peroxidase was used as the conjugate in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system.
Proximal Equine Radial and Median Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity
Authors: Henry Robert W. , Diesem C. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Radial and median motor nerve conduction velocities were determined on 10 clinically healthy 1- to 11-year-old ponies. These velocities were obtained by stimulation at the brachial plexus directly through a surgical incision and later in the ambulatory pony via implanted Formvar-coated wire electrodes. Percutaneous stimulation was used at the cubital region in both anesthetized and ambulatory ponies. The values for radial motor nerve fibers ranged from 96.4 to 100 m/s. These were 15.3% faster than previously reported distal values. Median motor nerve fiber values ranged from 86.8 to 90.2 m/s, which were 14.9% faster than distal velocities. These data showing proximal velocities in the equine to be faster than distal velocities were similar to reported data for persons and dogs.
Egg Transmission of Avian Adenovirus-Associated Virus and CELO Virus During Experimental Infections
Authors: Dawson George J. , Yates V. J. , Chang P. W. , Wattanavijarin W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hens inoculated with a mixture of avian adenovirus-associated virus (a-av) and CELO virus transmitted these viruses to eggs for 1 week after inoculation. In trial 1, a-av and CELO virus were isolated from fertile eggs of 9 black sex-linked hens (24 to 26 weeks old) housed together. During the period before inoculation, a-av was isolated from 4 of 53 fertile eggs from these hens; serologic data indicated that 4 hens were undergoing a natural infection with a-av and CELO virus. From postinoculation day (pid) 1 through 8, a-av was isolated from 13 of 62 (20.9%) and CELO virus was isolated from 18 of 62 (29.0%) eggs tested. Viruses were not isolated from pid 9 through 16. Neither virus was isolated from eggs after reinoculation of the hens 3 months later. In trial 2, a-av and CELO virus were isolated from nonfertile eggs of 4 White Leghorn hens inoculated with a mixture of these viruses. From pid 1 through 8, a-av was isolated from 7 of 14 (50%) and CELO virus was isolated from 3 of 14 (21.4%) nonfertile eggs. Viruses were not isolated from eggs from pid 9 through 20. After reinoculation at pid 25, neither virus was isolated from eggs. Viral isolations were not made from 4 noninoculated hens.
All hens that transmitted a-av and/or CELO virus to eggs also showed 4-fold increases in antibody concentrations.
The a-av was isolated from fecal material from inoculated hens in trial 2 as late as pid 10, and CELO virus was isolated as late as pid 15.
Viral isolation attempts from seminal samples taken from a rooster inoculated with a-av and CELO virus were negative for both viruses before and after inoculation.
There was no histologic evidence that a-av or CELO virus were replicating in the oviduct or uterus of infected hens examined at pid 3 and 4.
Early, Asymptomatic Stage of Degenerative Joint Disease in Canine Hip Joints
Authors: Lust George , Summers Brian A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The early stages of degenerative joint disease were investigated in coxofemoral joints from dogs with a hereditary predisposition to hip dysplasia. Alterations observed included mild nonsuppurative synovitis, increased volume of both synovial fluid and the ligamentum teres, and focal degenerative articular cartilage lesions. On radiologic examination, subluxation of the femoral head was seen, but only in the most severely affected joints. Synovial inflammation with increased synovial fluid and ligament volumes were indicators of early degenerative joint disease in dogs. These changes seemed to coincide with, or perhaps to precede, microscopic evidence for articular cartilage degeneration and occurred before radiologic abnormalities were detected.