bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on female reproduction and juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the cricketGryllus bimaculatusand the butterflyBicyclus anynana
Authors: Geister Thorin L. , Lorenz Matthias W. , Hoffmann Klaus H. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: May 2008

SUMMARYApart from regulating insect development, juvenile hormones (JHs) play an important role in insect reproduction, where they initiate vitellogenin synthesis and regulate the uptake of yolk by the ovary. JH synthesis is a tightly regulated process controlled by neurons and peptidergic neurosecretory cells. One of the known stimulatory regulators of JH biosynthesis is glutamate, and its N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been recently found in the cockroach Diploptera punctata. In this study we demonstrate a strong reduction in reproductive output in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana and the Mediterranean field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus caused by the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Such inhibiting effects on reproduction could be overruled by the application of JH mimics. In G. bimaculatus, MK-801 inhibits in vitro JH biosynthesis in the corpora allata and reduces in vivo JH haemolymph titres in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that JH biosynthesis in the corpora allata is at least in part controlled by an NMDA receptor with Ca2+ as a second level messenger. Based on our findings we consider NMDA receptor antagonists as important tools for manipulating juvenile hormone biosynthesis and therefore for gaining a better understanding of the mechanistic basis of reproduction.
Prenatal and Postnatal Growth and Cognitive Abilities at 56 Months of Age: A Longitudinal Study of Infants Born at Term
Authors: Heinonen Kati , Räikkönen Katri , Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Kajantie Eero , Andersson Sture , Eriksson Johan G. , Niemelä Anja , Vartia Timo , Peltola Juha , Lano Aulikki 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE. The aim of the study was to investigate whether weight, length, BMI (kilograms per meter squared), and head circumference at birth and their postnatal growth are associated with cognitive abilities at 56 months of age among infants born at term.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Our sample was composed of 1056 Finnish children born at term, (37 to 41 weeks) free of any major impairments. Weight, length, and head circumference were measured at birth and at 5, 20, and 56 months of age, and BMI was calculated. We assessed cognitive abilities by conducting tests of general reasoning, visual-motor integration, verbal competence, and language comprehension at 56 months of age.
RESULTS. Firstly, for every 1 SD lower in weight or BMI at birth, general reasoning and/or visual-motor integration was &gt;1.20 points lower, and for every 1 SD lower in length or head circumference at birth, abilities across all of the cognitive domains were &gt;1.31 points lower. Second, for every 1 SD slower gain in weight or BMI from birth to 5 months, general reasoning and visual-motor integration decreased by &gt;0.97 points; for every 1 SD slower gain in length from 5 to 20 months and from 20 to 56 months, respectively, visual-motor integration, and verbal competence and language comprehension decreased by &gt;1.03 points; and for every 1 SD slower increase in head circumference from birth to 5 months and from 5 to 20 months, respectively, visual-motor integration and language comprehension decreased by &gt;1.17 points. Third, tests for nonlinear relationships revealed that, in some cases, large body size and faster growth were also associated with lower scores in cognitive tests.
CONCLUSIONS. Our findings suggest that, even within the range of children born at term, prenatal and postnatal growth in body size are associated with individual differences in cognitive abilities.
The Best-Interest Standard Is Not Applied for Neonatal Resuscitation Decisions
Authors: Janvier Annie , Leblanc Isabelle , Barrington Keith James 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE. Legal and ethical standards require resuscitation when it is considered to be in the patient's best interest. We hypothesized that newborn infants might be dealt with according to different standards, compared with older patients.METHODS. An anonymous questionnaire describing 8 currently incompetent patients with potential neurologic sequelae who required resuscitation was administered to groups of physicians and students. Survival and morbidity rates were explicitly described; a very preterm infant, a full term infant and a 2-month-old infant had identical outcomes. Two patients, a 7-month-old infant and an 80-year-old patient, were previously significantly impaired. Respondents were asked whether resuscitation was in the patient's best interest and whether they would comply with the families' wishes if resuscitation was refused.RESULTS. There was an 85% response rate (n = 524). The largest proportions of respondents stated that it was in the best interests of the 2-month-old infant and the 7-year-old child to be resuscitated (97% and 94%, respectively), followed by the 50-year-old patient and the term infant (87%), the 2 patients with 5% chance of survival (76% and 80%), the premature infant (69%), and finally the 80-year-old patient (32%). Approximately one fifth of the respondents who thought that it was in a patient's best interests to be resuscitated would nevertheless accept the family's refusal of resuscitation for all scenarios except the 80-year-old patient (72% acceptance) and the preterm infant (54% acceptance).CONCLUSIONS. Whether resuscitation is considered in a patient's best interests is not closely related to survival rates or disability. Newborn infants and particularly preterm infants are systematically devalued, in comparison with older patients whose outcomes are the same or worse. Accepting a family's refusal of resuscitation, even among respondents who thought that resuscitation was in the patient's best interest, was much more common for the newborns.
Parental Psychiatric Disorders Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Offspring
Authors: Daniels Julie L. , Forssen Ulla , Hultman Christina M. , Cnattingius Sven , Savitz David A. , Feychting Maria , Sparen Par 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE. Autism is a developmental disorder defined by impaired social interaction, communication, and behavior. Causes and correlates of autism are largely unknown, but elevated frequencies of psychiatric disorders and distinct personality traits have been reported among the family members of individuals with autism. Linkage of data from Swedish registries was used to investigate whether hospitalization for psychiatric conditions was higher among parents of children with autism compared with control subjects.METHODS. Data sources included the Swedish Medical Birth Register (child's birth), the Swedish Multi-Generation Register (linking parents to children), and Swedish Hospital Discharge Register (hospitalization records). Children born between 1977 and 2003 who had a hospitalization record indicating autism before 10 years of age (n = 1227) were matched with 30 693 control subjects from the Swedish Medical Birth Register by gender, year of birth, and hospital. Parent diagnoses were based on an inpatient hospital diagnostic evaluation and included schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychoses, affective disorders, neurotic and personality disorders and other nonpsychotic disorders, alcohol and drug addiction and abuse, and autism. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for child's age, gender, hospital of birth, parents’ age, country of birth and socioeconomic status, and diagnosis of a mental disorder in the other parent.RESULTS. Parents of children with autism were more likely to have been hospitalized for a mental disorder than parents of control subjects. Schizophrenia was more common among case mothers and fathers compared with respective control parents. Depression and personality disorders were more common among case mothers but not fathers.CONCLUSIONS. This large population study supports the potential for familial aggregation of psychiatric conditions that may provide leads for future investigations of heritable forms of autism.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Midadult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity
Authors: Thomas Claudia , Hyppönen Elina , Power Chris 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE. Child abuse has been associated with poorer physical health in adulthood, but less is known about childhood adversity more broadly, including neglect and family problems, or the pathways from adversity to adult disease. We have examined how different stressful emotional or neglectful childhood adversities are related to adiposity and glucose control in midadulthood, taking into account childhood factors, and whether the relationships are mediated by adult health behaviors and socioeconomic position.METHODS. This was a prospective longitudinal study of 9310 members of the 1958 British birth cohort who participated in a biomedical interview at 45 years of age. Primary outcomes consisted of continuous measures of BMI, waist circumference, and glycosylated hemoglobin at 45 years and categorical indicators: total obesity (BMI ≥ 30), central obesity (waist circumference: ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women), and glycosylated hemoglobin level of ≥6.RESULTS. The risk of obesity increased by 20% to 50% for several adversities (physical abuse, verbal abuse, witnessed abuse, humiliation, neglect, strict upbringing, physical punishment, conflict or tension, low parental aspirations or interest in education, hardly takes outings with parents, and father hardly reads to child). Adversities with the strongest associations with adiposity (eg, physical abuse) tended to be associated with glycosylated hemoglobin levels of ≥6, but in most cases associations were explained by adjustment for adulthood mediators such as adiposity. Effects of other adversities reflecting less severe emotional neglect and family environment were largely explained by childhood socioeconomic factors.CONCLUSIONS. Some childhood adversities increase the risk of obesity in adulthood and thereby increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Research is needed to understand the interrelatedness of adversities, the social context of their occurrence, and trajectories from adversity to adult disease.
Influence of Reduced Feed Ration on Lepeophtheirus salmonis Infestation and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Juvenile Pink Salmon
Authors: Jones Simon R. M. , Fast Mark D. , Johnson Stewart C. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The effect of reduced feed ration on infestation levels with the sea louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis and gene expression in juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha was tested in three laboratory trials. Body weight was significantly lower among fish on the reduced ration for 27, 34, or 65 d than fish on the full ration. Neither the prevalence nor the abundance of L. salmonis differed between fish on full and reduced rations at any time in any trial. In trial 2, sea louse rejection was delayed among fish on reduced rations; however, the parasite was ultimately rejected from all fish in this trial regardless of ration. Proinflammatory gene expression in salmon exposed to L. salmonis was modulated by reduced rations. There was a reduction in the expression of interleukin-8 in pink salmon on reduced rations 7 d after exposure but not 14 d after exposure. In contrast, the 7-d expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) was reduced in exposed pink salmon regardless of ration. By day 14, however, expression of IL-1β was increased in association with reduced rations among exposed salmon. Similarly, the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was increased 14 d after exposure among salmon on a reduced ration. There was no evidence that short-duration exposure of otherwise healthy juvenile pink salmon to a reduced ration affected susceptibility to L. salmonis. The expression data do not suggest an obvious mechanism of louse rejection; rather, they indicate that a more comprehensive suite of inflammatory pathways should be surveyed to better understand the early pink salmon response to L. salmonis.
The Value of Applying Commercial Fishers' Experience to Designed Surveys for Identifying Characteristics of Essential Fish Habitat for Adult Summer Flounder
Authors: Slacum H. Ward , Vølstad Jon H. , Weber Edward D. , Richkus William A. , Diaz Robert J. , Tallent Christina O. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Identifying the habitat requirements of marine fish is necessary to conserve and manage their populations, but these requirements are poorly understood for many species. One method of screening for important habitat characteristics is to identify differences in habitat features between areas of high and low fish abundance. We tested the association between abundance of adult summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus and benthic habitat features at two study areas in the Middle Atlantic Bight in summer 2004. The study included trawl and remote-sensing surveys that were designed and conducted with the assistance of commercial fishers. Within each area, a local commercial fisher designated specific locations a priori as productive or unproductive for fishing. Summer flounder abundance, as measured by mean catch per area swept, was significantly greater at sites designated as productive than at sites designated as unproductive (6.5 times greater in Maryland and 4.7 times greater in Rhode Island). These results indicate that summer flounder were attracted consistently to localized habitats that must have had different characteristics than other nearby locations. Habitat variables associated with the substrate (e.g., particle size, bottom shape, and presence of sessile organisms) were measured along trawl paths using underwater video imagery. The measured variables did not explain abundance well, suggesting that microscale characteristics of the substrate did not affect summer flounder distribution. Summer flounder were most abundant at depths of 10–20 m; however, both high and low catch rates occurred in this depth range, indicating that other factors also were important. These results suggest that additional localized variables merit further investigation to determine their importance to summer flounder. This study demonstrates the importance of combining fishers' knowledge and experience with planned surveys to identify essential habitat features for fish.
IFATS Collection: Identification of Hemangioblasts in the Adult Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: Miñana María-Dolores , Carbonell-Uberos Francisco , Mirabet Vicente , Marín Severiano , Encabo Araceli 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue contains, among other cell types, mesenchymal stem cells and precursors of adipocyte and endothelial cells. Here we show that, in addition, the nonhematopoietic fraction of the SVF has hematopoietic activity, since all types of hematopoietic colony-forming units (CFUs) developed when cultured in methylcellulose-based medium. This hematopoietic activity was restricted to the CD45−CD105+ cell subset, well correlated with KDR+ cell content, and increased after culture with a combination of early-acting hematopoietic cytokines. Most of the CD45−KDR+CD105+ cells were nonadherent and did not express CD31, and this subset included both CD34− and CD34+ cells. Moreover, these nonadherent cells migrated in response to KDR gradient, and when they were cultured in the presence of both hematopoietic and endothelial growth factors, a wave of CFUs was followed by a wave of mixed colonies comprising adherent elongated and nonadherent round hematopoietic cells. These mixed hematopoietic-endothelial (Hem-End) colonies were able to generate secondary Hem-End colonies and exhibited both hematopoietic and endothelial activity, as demonstrated by in vitro functional assays. These findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of primitive mesodermal progenitors within the SVF of human adipose tissue that exhibit in vitro hematopoietic and hemangioblastic activities, susceptible to being used in cell therapy and basic cell research.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Molecular Mechanism of Systemic Delivery of Neural Precursor Cells to the Brain: Assembly of Brain Endothelial Apical Cups and Control of Transmigration by CD44
Authors: Rampon Christine , Weiss Nicolas , Deboux Cyrille , Chaverot Nathalie , Miller Florence , Buchet Delphine , Tricoire-Leignel Hélène , Cazaubon Sylvie , Baron-Van Evercooren Anne , Couraud Pierre-Olivier 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSystemically injected neural precursor cells (NPCs) were unexpectedly shown to reach the cerebral parenchyma and induce recovery in various diffuse brain pathologies, including animal models of multiple sclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting NPC migration across brain endothelium remain elusive. Brain endothelium constitutes the blood-brain barrier, which uniquely controls the access of drugs and trafficking of cells, including leukocytes, from the blood to the brain. Taking advantage of the availability of in vitro models of human and rat blood-brain barrier developed in our laboratory and validated by us and others, we show here that soluble hyaluronic acid, the major ligand of the adhesion molecule CD44, as well as anti-CD44 blocking antibodies, largely prevents NPC adhesion to and migration across brain endothelium in inflammatory conditions. We present further evidence that NPCs, surprisingly, induce the formation of apical cups at the surface of brain endothelial cells, enriched in CD44 and other adhesion molecules, thus hijacking the endothelial signaling recently shown to be involved in leukocyte extravasation. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of CD44 in the trans-endothelial migration of NPCs across brain endothelial cells: we propose that they may help design new strategies for the delivery of therapeutic NPCs to the brain by systemic administration.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Partial‐Thickness Cortical Bone Graft From the Mandibular Ramus: A Non‐Invasive Harvesting Technique
Authors: Hwang Kyung‐Gyun , Shim Kwang‐Sup , Yang Seung‐Min , Park Chang‐Joo 
Published: May 2008

Background: The conventional method of harvesting full cortical bone from the mandibular ramus was reported to have associated complications ranging from postoperative pain and swelling to impaired inferior alveolar nerve function.Methods: A modified ramal bone harvesting technique is described in which partial cortical‐type bone is harvested from the mandibular ramus and used for an autogenous bone graft.Results: Partial‐thickness cortical bone was harvested without paresthesia while reducing postoperative discomfort and complications. Sufficient bone was obtained for ridge augmentation and eventual implant placement.Conclusion: Non‐invasive partial cortical ramal bone harvesting is a reproducible and predictable technique for preventing nerve damage while providing sufficient block bone needed for a dental implant.
Primary and Secondary Oil Recovery From Different-Wettability Rocks by Countercurrent Diffusion and Spontaneous Imbibition
Authors: Hatiboglu C. U. , Babadagli T. 
Published: May 2008

Summary
This study investigates optimum matrix-oil-recovery strategies in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) for different wettabilities and rock types. We compare the recovery efficiencies of two cases: (a) primary countercurrent spontaneous imbibition followed by the diffusion of a miscible phase (secondary recovery) and (b) primary diffusion of miscible fluid without preflush of matrix by spontaneous imbibition. For these recovery strategies, the effects of the matrix shape factor, matrix wettability, and type of miscible displacing phase on the rate of recovery and development of residual-oil saturation were clarified experimentally.
Cylindrical Berea-sandstone and Indiana-limestone samples with different shape factors were obtained by cutting the plugs 1, 2.5, and 5 cm in diameter and 2.5, 5, and 10 cm in length. The external surface except one end was coated with epoxy. Static imbibition experiments were conducted on vertically situated samples in which the fractures were at the bottom and matrix/fracture interaction took place in an upward direction. Mineral oil and crude oil were used as oleic phases. Brine was selected as aqueous phase for the primary spontaneous-imbibition recovery. For primary- and secondary-miscible-displacement experiments, n-heptane was used as solvent. Wettability of water-wet Berea-sandstone samples was altered by aging to observe its effects on the dynamics of spontaneous countercurrent imbibition and diffusion.
Parametric analyses were performed for the appraisal of the secondary-and tertiary-recovery potential of NFRs by immiscible-and miscible-fluid injections. The optimal recovery strategies (recovery rate, recovery time, and ultimate recovery) for different rock properties were identified and classified. In water-wet cases, starting the recovery with capillary imbibition followed by diffusion was found to be the optimal way (i.e., both effective and efficient). For limestone or aged-sandstone samples, starting the recovery by diffusion yielded a faster recovery rate and higher ultimate recovery.
Seasonal Variation of Leaf Dust Accumulation and Pigment Content in Plant Species Exposed to Urban Particulates Pollution
Authors: Prajapati Santosh Kumar , Tripathi B. D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo assess the dust interception efficiency of some selected tree species and impact of dust deposition on chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content of leaves the present study was undertaken. The plant species selected for the study were Ficus religiosa, Ficus benghalensis, Mangifera indica, Dalbergia sissoo, Psidium guajava, and Dendrocalamus strictus It was found that all species have maximum dust deposition in the winter season followed by summer and rainy seasons. Chlorophyll content decreased and ascorbic acid content increased with the increase of dust deposition. There was significant negative and positive correlation between dust deposition and chlorophyll and ascorbic acid content, respectively. Maximum dust interception was done by Dalbergia sisso and least by Dendrocalamus strictus Thus plants can be used to intercept dust particles which are of potential health hazards to humans.