bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Evaluation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Femoral Fixation Techniques
Authors: Kleweno Conor P. , Jacir Alberto M. , Gardner Thomas R. , Ahmad Christopher S. , Levine William N. 
Published: December 2008

Background A number of different femoral anterior cruciate ligament fixation techniques are currently in use. Slippage of the graft caused by excessive early loading or aggressive rehabilitation may negate benefits of surgery and result in a knee with undesirable laxity. Hypothesis Anterior cruciate ligament femoral graft slippage varies by fixation technique and amount of cyclic loading. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Graft slippage in 5 different soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament femoral fixation techniques (Bio-TransFix cross-pin technique, Stratis ST cross-pin technique, Bilok ST transverse femoral screw, Delta tapered bio-interference screw, and single-loop TensionLok) was compared by cyclic loading of double-bundle grafts in porcine femurs. Graft slippage was measured using a differential variable reluctance transducer. Results The Bio-TransFix had significantly less (P =. 002) total graft slippage (1.14 ± 0.43 mm) compared to the Delta (3.74 ± 3.25 mm), Bilok ST (3.92 ± 2.28 mm), and TensionLok (5.09 ± 1.12 mm) but not the Stratis ST (1.92 ± 1.55 mm). All techniques showed the greatest amount of dynamic excursion (P <. 001), slippage (P <. 001), and percentage of total slippage (mean 68%, P <. 001) during the first 100 cycles of loading. The TensionLok had the greatest amount of dynamic excursion during the first 100 cycles (4.15 ± 1.00 mm) followed by the Bilok ST (3.37 ± 2.07 mm), Delta (1.76 ± 0.93 mm), and Stratis ST (1.75 ± 0.96 mm); the Bio-TransFix demonstrated the least (1.26 ± 0.48 mm). There was no statistical difference in failure load between repair techniques (P =. 103). Conclusion Graft slippage was statistically different between anterior cruciate ligament femoral fixation techniques for static and dynamic loading. All techniques exhibited the greatest amount of slippage during the first 100 cycles of loading. The differential variable reluctance transducer permitted evaluation of dynamic graft-construct-bone displacement during experimental loading, simulating the loading experienced during early rehabilitation. Clinical Relevance The optimal method of graft fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction remains unknown. In the current study, cross-pin constructs appeared to be superior to certain other available fixation systems.
Language mixing and learning strategy
Authors: Serratrice Ludovica 
Published: December 2008

This paper investigates the relationship between language mixing and learning strategy in one English-Italian bilingual child between 1;10 and 2;2. (Mean Length of Utterance in words 1.1−2.0). The first 200 multiword combinations in each language were searched for occurrences of mixing broadly defined as any utterance or conversation including elements from both languages. An asymmetrical pattern was found where language mixing was low overall and unidirectional, only English words were used in Italian contexts. In order to assess the learning strategy adopted by the child, all of the multiword utterances were further analyzed for level of lexical specificity following the criteria in Lieven, Pine and Baldwin (1997). The results showed a high proportion of frozen utterances and limited creativity in the range of constructed utterances. The comparison of these findings to those reported for another bilingual child raised in similar input conditions (Vihman, 1999) revealed a discrepancy between the two children, both in the level of mixing, and in the extent to which they relied on input patterns. Implications of these results for the relationship between mixing, learning strategies, and theoretical models of acquisition are discussed.
Language specific bootstraps for UG categories
Authors: van Kampen Jacqueline 
Published: December 2008

This paper argues that the universal categories N/V are not applied to content words before the grammatical markings for reference D(eterminers) and predication I(nflection) have been acquired (van Kampen, 1997, contra Pinker, 1984). Child grammar starts as proto-grammar with language-specific operators and category-neutral content words Xo. The first content words are used as proper names with topic-intention and as brand names with characterizing-intention. The language-specificity of early operators may be illustrated by the use of wh-pronouns (what/where?) in English versus the use of illocution particles ( nou/denn?) in Dutch/German child language. Subsequently, deictic operators for topic are regularized as Do and deictic operators for comment as Io. These functional categories are the bootstraps for category assignment <+V> and <+N>, as a subdivision of the lexicon. The generalized conclusion is that language-specific systems are not acquired due to a common UG entrance. They rather are highly frequent language-specific bootstraps that coax the child into an adult system that eventually fits UG principles. The operators in proto-grammar are situation-related, whereas the functional categories Io/D o are highly sensitive to syntactic context. This explains why, in a bilingual situation, a language switch in the context-free operators will be relatively easy. A language switch in functional categories, by contrast, will have a reflex on the syntactic context and be less easy.
Structural characteristics of proper nouns in Korean-Swedish discourse
Authors: Park Hyeon-Sook 
Published: December 2008

This article examines the structural characteristics of proper nouns from other languages, which have been considered to be the most typical borrowings to such an extent that most codeswitching researchers have not made it a subject of discussion at all. The data consist of spontaneous adult, child and family conversations among Koreans residing in Sweden. Linguistic analysis shows that a number of proper nouns attested in the Korean-Swedish data do not behave as borrowings but as codeswitches. They do not show complete morphosyntactic integration into the language of the sentence, yet even so they sometimes include function morphemes such as definite articles. Occasionally the word order of the proper noun (or noun phrase) corresponds to the original language. Taking all of this into account, we can reasonably conclude that even proper nouns, which are generally assumed to be the most typical borrowings by many codeswitching researchers, undergo the same (or at least related) morphosyntactic processes and that they are not different from codeswitching.
A Moroccan accent in Dutch: A sociocultural style restricted to the Moroccan community?
Authors: Nortier Jacomine , Dorleijn Margreet 
Published: December 2008

In the major cities in the Western part of The Netherlands, a general “ethnic” accent is developing, which has characteristics of Moroccan languages (Moroccan, Arabic, and Berber). This accent is mainly used by young people in specific in-group situations. It is slightly different from the accent used by adult first generation learners of Dutch as a second language with a Moroccan background. Not only young people from Moroccan descent, but also young people with other ethnic backgrounds (both native Dutch and others) use this accent which will be abbreviated to MFD (Moroccan flavored Dutch) in the remainder of this article. We will address the following questions: • What are the characteristics of MFD? • Why is MFD based on Moroccan languages, rather than on any other language? • In what situations is MFD used? And how does the use of MFD interact with other group defining factors such as music, religion or clothing? • How does MFD interact with larger dynamic social developments such as politics and with other languages and dialects?
Molecular profiling of classical Hodgkin lymphoma tissues uncovers variations in the tumor microenvironment and correlations with EBV infection and outcome
Authors: Chetaille Bruno , Bertucci François , Finetti Pascal , Esterni Benjamin , Stamatoullas Aspasia , Picquenot Jean Michel , Copin Marie Christine , Morschhauser Frank , Casasnovas Olivier , Petrella Tony , Molina Thierry , Vekhoff Anne , Feugier Pierre , Bouabdallah Reda , Birnbaum Daniel , Olive Daniel , Xerri Luc 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The outcome of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients may be related to the tumor microenvironment, which in turn may be influenced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To characterize the cHL microenvironment, a set of 63 cHL tissue samples was profiled using DNA microarrays. Their gene expression profile differed from that of histiocyte T cell–rich B-cell lymphoma (H/TCRBCL) samples that were used as controls, mainly due to high expression of PDCD1/PD-1 in H/TCRBCL. EBV+ cHL tissues could be distinguished from EBV− samples by a gene signature characteristic of Th1 and antiviral responses. Samples from cHL patients with favorable outcome overexpressed genes specific for B cells and genes involved in apoptotic pathways. An independent set of 146 cHL samples was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. It showed a significant adverse value in case of high percentage of either TIA-1+-reactive cells or topoisomerase-2+ tumor cells, whereas high numbers of BCL11A+, FOXP3+, or CD20+ reactive cells had a favorable influence. Our results suggest an antitumoral role for B cells in the cHL microenvironment and a stronger stromal influence of the PD1 pathway in H/TCRBCL than cHL. The observation of Th1/ antiviral response in EBV+ cHL tissues provides a basis for novel treatment strategies.
Increased p38-MAPK is responsible for chemotherapy resistance in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Guo Xianling , Ma Nannan , Wang Jin , Song Jianrui , Bu Xinxin , Cheng Yue , Sun Kai , Xiong Haiyan , Jiang Guocheng , Zhang Baihe , Wu Mengchao , Wei Lixin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundChemoresistance is one of the main obstacles to successful cancer therapy and is frequently associated with Multidrug resistance (MDR). Many different mechanisms have been suggested to explain the development of an MDR phenotype in cancer cells. One of the most studied mechanisms is the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is a product of theMDR1gene. Tumor cells often acquire the drug-resistance phenotype due to upregulation of theMDR1gene. Overexpression ofMDR1gene has often been reported in primary gastric adenocarcinoma.MethodsThis study investigated the role of p38-MAPK signal pathway in vincristine-resistant SGC7901/VCR cells. P-gp and MDR1 RNA were detected by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR amplification. Mitgen-activated protein kinases and function of P-gp were demonstrated by Western blot and FACS Aria cytometer analysis. Ap-1 activity and cell apoptosis were detected by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay and annexin V-PI dual staining.ResultsThe vincristine-resistant SGC7901/VCR cells with increased expression of the multidrug-resistance 1 (MDR1) gene were resistant to P-gp-related drug and P-gp-unrelated drugs. Constitutive increases of phosphorylated p38-MAPK and AP-1 activities were also found in the drug-resistant cells. Inhibition of p38-MAPK by SB202190 reduced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity andMDR1expression levels and increased the sensitivity of SGC7901/VCR cells to chemotherapy.ConclusionActivation of the p38-MAPK pathway might be responsible for the modulation of P-glycoprotein-mediated and P-glycoprotein-unmediated multidrug resistance in the SGC7901/VCR cell line.
An initial application of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for measuring disability in patients with low back pain
Authors: Elhan Atilla Halil , Öztuna Derya , Kutlay Şehim , Küçükdeveci Ayşe A , Tennant Alan 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Background
Recent approaches to outcome measurement involving Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) offer an approach for measuring disability in low back pain (LBP) in a way that can reduce the burden upon patient and professional. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of CAT in LBP for measuring disability as defined in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) which includes impairments, activity limitation, and participation restriction.

Methods
266 patients with low back pain answered questions from a range of widely used questionnaires. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify disability dimensions which were then subjected to Rasch analysis. Reliability was tested by internal consistency and person separation index (PSI). Discriminant validity of disability levels were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficient (r), intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC(2,1)] and the Bland-Altman approach. A CAT was developed for each dimension, and the results checked against simulated and real applications from a further 133 patients.

Results
Factor analytic techniques identified two dimensions named "body functions" and "activity-participation". After deletion of some items for failure to fit the Rasch model, the remaining items were mostly free of Differential Item Functioning (DIF) for age and gender. Reliability exceeded 0.90 for both dimensions. The disability levels generated using all items and those obtained from the real CAT application were highly correlated (i.e. > 0.97 for both dimensions). On average, 19 and 14 items were needed to estimate the precise disability levels using the initial CAT for the first and second dimension. However, a marginal increase in the standard error of the estimate across successive iterations substantially reduced the number of items required to make an estimate.

Conclusion
Using a combination approach of EFA and Rasch analysis this study has shown that it is possible to calibrate items onto a single metric in a way that can be used to provide the basis of a CAT application. Thus there is an opportunity to obtain a wide variety of information to evaluate the biopsychosocial model in its more complex forms, without necessarily increasing the burden of information collection for patients.
Prenatal diagnosis of achondrogenesis type I: a case report
Authors: Taner M Zeki , Kurdoglu Mertihan , Taskiran Cagatay , Onan M Anil , Gunaydin Guven , Himmetoglu Ozdemir 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Achondrogenesis is a lethal osteochondrodysplasia characterized by hypoplasia of the bones and is associated with various anomalies varying in severity. Based on clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features, two types are distinguished.

Case presentation
The prenatal ultrasound examination of a 32-year-old Turkish woman who was referred to our clinic at 33 weeks and 6 days of gestation revealed fetal micromelia together with several other anomalies. The female baby died shortly after birth and was diagnosed with achondrogenesis type I based on the clinical and radiographic findings.

Conclusion
Ultrasonography is important in prenatal diagnosis and for distinguishing lethal skeletal dysplasias in order to counsel the parents about future recurrent risks. As it is a uniformly lethal disease, a definitive prenatal diagnosis of achondrogenesis may be an indication for pregnancy termination.
Evaluation of SOFA-based models for predicting mortality in the ICU: A systematic review
Authors: Minne Lilian , Abu-Hanna Ameen , de Jonge Evert 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Introduction
To systematically review studies evaluating the performance of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-based models for predicting mortality in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
Medline, EMBASE and other databases were searched for English-language articles with the major objective of evaluating the prognostic performance of SOFA-based models in predicting mortality in surgical and/or medical ICU admissions. The quality of each study was assessed based on a quality framework for prognostic models.

Results
Eighteen articles met all inclusion criteria. The studies differed widely in the SOFA derivatives used and in their methods of evaluation. Ten studies reported about developing a probabilistic prognostic model, only five of which used an independent validation data set. The other studies used the SOFA-based score directly to discriminate between survivors and non-survivors without fitting a probabilistic model. In five of the six studies, admission-based models (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II/III) were reported to have a slightly better discrimination ability than SOFA-based models at admission (the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of SOFA-based models ranged between 0.61 and 0.88), and in one study a SOFA model had higher AUC than the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II model. Four of these studies used the Hosmer-Lemeshow tests for calibration, none of which reported a lack of fit for the SOFA models. Models based on sequential SOFA scores were described in 11 studies including maximum SOFA scores and maximum sum of individual components of the SOFA score (AUC range: 0.69 to 0.92) and delta SOFA (AUC range: 0.51 to 0.83). Studies comparing SOFA with other organ failure scores did not consistently show superiority of one scoring system to another. Four studies combined SOFA-based derivatives with admission severity of illness scores, and they all reported on improved predictions for the combination. Quality of studies ranged from 11.5 to 19.5 points on a 20-point scale.

Conclusions
Models based on SOFA scores at admission had only slightly worse performance than APACHE II/III and were competitive with SAPS II models in predicting mortality in patients in the general medical and/or surgical ICU. Models with sequential SOFA scores seem to have a comparable performance with other organ failure scores. The combination of sequential SOFA derivatives with APACHE II/III and SAPS II models clearly improved prognostic performance of either model alone. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, it is impossible to draw general conclusions on the optimal mathematical model and optimal derivatives of SOFA scores. Future studies should use a standard evaluation methodology with a standard set of outcome measures covering discrimination, calibration and accuracy.
Long‐term cognitive functioning in children and adolescents who survived septic shock caused by Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Vermunt L. C. A. C. , Buysse C. M. P. , Aarsen F. K. , Catsman‐Berrevoets C. E. , Duivenvoorden H. J. , Joosten K. F. M. , Hazelzet J. A. , Verhulst F. C. , Utens E. M. W. J. 
Published: December 2008

AimsTo assess long‐term cognitive functioning and its predictors, in children and adolescents who survived meningococcal septic shock (MSS) 4 to 16 years ago.MethodsThe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – third edition was used to measure intellectual functioning and neuropsychological tests were used to measure attention, verbal memory, visual–motor integration, and executive skills.ResultsOverall, results of the total MSS sample (N = 77) as to neuropsychological functioning were similar to those of normative reference groups. On social and practical reasoning and visual–motor integration, however, MSS children obtained poorer outcomes compared to normative data. Two children had mental retardation (estimated IQ < 70) due to the MSS. The percentage of children with mental retardation or borderline intellectual functioning (15%) was similar to that in the general population (16%). Eighteen children (23%) had a z score<−2, indicating unusual poor functioning, on one or more domains of neuropsychological functioning (selective attention, sustained attention, and executive functioning). Compared to normative data, significantly more children had received special education services in the past. Older age at time of follow‐up was the most important significant predictor of poorer long‐term cognitive functioning.ConclusionOverall, long‐term outcomes as to cognitive functioning of the total MSS sample were similar to those of normative reference groups, but MSS children showed long‐term impairments on social and practical reasoning, visual–motor integration, attention, and executive functioning. Older age at time of follow‐up was a significant predictor.
Early complications and their treatment after heart transplantation in Hungary – experiences of the first 16 years
Authors: Friedrich Orsolya , Moravcsik Endre , Gyöngy Tibor , Hüttl Tivadar , Hartyánszky István , Petrohai Ágnes , Bodor Elek 
Published: December 2008

A végstádiumú szívelégtelenség jelenleg ismert, hosszú távon legeredményesebb kezelési módszere a szívtranszplantáció.
Célkitűzés:
A szerzők a hazai szívátültetések eredményességének javítása érdekében retrospektíve megvizsgálták az első 16 év minden fellelhető adatát a korai műtét utáni időszak tekintetében és összevetették a szakirodalomban található eredményekkel.
Módszer:
1992. január 3. és 2007. december 31. között 125 beteg esetében 127 szívátültetés történt Magyarországon. Az Ér- és Szívsebészeti Klinika dokumentációján kívül az Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet archívuma, az Országos Vérellátó Szolgálat regisztere és a Gottsegen György Országos Kardiológiai Intézet adatai szolgáltak forrásként.
Eredmények:
A korai halálozás az utóbbi időszakban erősen közelít a nemzetközi gyakorlatban tapasztalható szinthez. Vezető halálokként a szerzők gyakorlatában is a donorszív elégtelensége tehető felelőssé a legnagyobb számban. Mellette fertőzés, műtétkor nem uralható vérzés és többszervi elégtelenség fordult elő gyakrabban. Súlyos graftelégtelenség kezelésére egy esetben sikeres retranszplantáció történt, a leghatékonyabbnak ismert műszívkezelés azonban a vizsgált időszakban teljesen hiányzott a hazai eszköztárból. A heveny kilökődés kezelésére alkalmazott gyógyszeres terápia, a nemzetközi szintnek megfelelően, kiváló eredményűnek bizonyult.
Következtetések:
A továbblépés érdekében kiemelt feladatnak kell tekinteni a műszív alkalmazását a hazai gyakorlatban. A donorkezelésben és a szervkivételek során országosan egységes és javuló minőséget biztosító protokollok kialakítását és alkalmazását kell szorgalmazni.
Use of Oxytetracycline to Mark Larval Red Drum: Survival and Mark Persistence
Authors: Denson Michael R. , Smith Theodore I. J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The objectives of this research were to optimize techniques for the mass marking of larval red drum Sciaenops ocellatus with oxytetracycline (OTC) by testing effects of salinity (i.e., total dissolved solids [TDS], either as artificial sea salt [AS] or laboratory-grade NaCl) and immersion duration on fish survival and mark retention. Survival of larvae immersed for 24 h was greater than 83% for all combinations of salinity (15–30 g of TDS/L of water) and OTC concentration (0–500 mg of OTC/L of water). Treatments with the lowest Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations ([Ca2+] and [Mg2+]; i.e., highest NaCl in substitution of AS), highest OTC concentrations, and longest exposure times yielded the poorest survival (mean ± SD = 63.3 ± 5.8%). Conversely, mark quality (on a scale of 1–5, where 1 = best and 5 = worst) was greatest (1.4 ± 0.4) in treatments with the lowest [Ca2+] and [Mg2+]. Larval survival (&gt;93%) and mark quality (2.3 ± 0.1) were acceptable under a combination of 500-mg/L OTC, 30-g/L TDS (80% of normal [Ca2+] and [Mg2+]), and 24-h exposure duration. Marks were evaluated for 20 months but could be reliably detected for only 3 months. The marking technique developed in this research may be useful in studies that require immersion marking of marine fish larvae and reliable detection for 3 months.