bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and factors associated with uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis amongst women vulnerable to HIV who received HIV antibodies in Antibody Mediated Prevention HVTN703/HPTN081 trial in Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Siziba Bekezela , Mgodi Nyaradzo Mavis , Ngara Bernard , Chawana Tariro Dianah , Chitukuta Miria , Mukwekwerere Pamela Grace , Bhondai-Mhuri Muchaneta , Chirenje Zvavahera Mike , Mhlanga Felix Godwin Sivukile 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThere is limited evidence on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake post-trial participation for women vulnerable to HIV. This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with PrEP uptake post-participation in an HIV prevention trial.MethodsFormer Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) study participants were invited to the three AMP clinical research sites in Zimbabwe after at least a year of exiting the study. The AMP study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Vaccine Research Center 01 broadly neutralising monoclonal antibody in reducing acquisition of HIV-1 infection in women in sub-Saharan Africa. Participants vulnerable to HIV were enrolled and risk reduction counselling was done throughout study participation. In a cross-sectional study, semi-structured interview administered questionnaires were completed. The primary outcome was uptake of PrEP after the study exit.ResultsFrom February 2022 to August 2022, out of 434 participants enrolled in the AMP study, a total of 298 were invited and 225 participated in the study; 28% made an attempt to access PrEP after study participation, 20% used PrEP at some point after study participation and 15% were on PrEP at the time of questionnaire administration. PrEP uptake was associated with new sexual partners after study participation and higher average number of sexual encounters in the previous month. Challenges faced in accessing PrEP included those related to the health facility, transport problems and stigma.ConclusionThe majority (85%) of former AMP participants were not on PrEP at the time of questionnaire administration. We observed poor uptake of PrEP post-study exit among participants who had received risk reduction counselling through study duration. Measures to improve PrEP uptake should be considered on participants vulnerable to HIV when exiting HIV prevention trials.
Comparison of cognitive performance measures in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Plantinga Laura , Yazdany Jinoos , Bowling C Barrett , Dunlop-Thomas Charmayne , Hoge Courtney , Pearce Brad D , Lim S Sam , Katz Patricia 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveCognitive impairment is a common complaint in SLE, but approaches to measuring cognitive performance objectively vary. Leveraging data collected in a population-based cohort of individuals with validated SLE, we compared performance and potential impairment across multiple measures of cognition.MethodsDuring a single study visit (October 2019–May 2022), times to complete the Trail Making Test B (TMTB; N=423) were recorded; potential impairment was defined as an age-corrected and education-corrected T-score <35 (>1.5 SD longer than the normative time). A clock drawing assessment (CLOX; N=435) with two parts (free clock draw (CLOX1) and copy (CLOX2)) was also performed (score range: 0–15; higher scores=better performance); potential impairment was defined as CLOX1 <10 or CLOX2 <12. Fluid cognition (N=199; in-person visits only) was measured via the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Fluid Cognition Battery and expressed as age-corrected standard scores; potential impairment was defined by a score <77.5 (>1.5 SD lower the normative score).ResultsParticipants (mean age 46 years; 92% female; 82% black) had a median (IQR) TMTB time of 96 (76–130) s; median (IQR) CLOX1 and CLOX2 scores of 12 (10–13) and 14 (13–15); and a mean (SD) fluid cognition standard score of 87.2 (15.6). TMTB time and fluid cognition score (ρ=−0.53, p<0.001) were the most highly intercorrelated measures. Overall, 65%, 55% and 28% were potentially impaired by the TMTB test, CLOX task and NIH Toolbox Fluid Cognition Battery, respectively. While there was overlap in potential impairment between TMTB and CLOX, more than half (58%) had impairment by only one of these assessments. Few (2%) had impairment in fluid cognition only.ConclusionThe TMTB, CLOX and NIH Fluid Cognition Battery each provided unique and potentially important information about cognitive performance in our SLE cohort. Future studies are needed to validate these measures in SLE and explore interventions that maintain or improve cognitive performance in this population.
Developing a hierarchical model for unraveling conspiracy theories
Authors: Ghasemizade Mohsen , Onaolapo Jeremiah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA conspiracy theory (CT) suggests covert groups or powerful individuals secretly manipulate events. Not knowing about existing conspiracy theories could make one more likely to believe them, so this work aims to compile a list of CTs shaped as a tree that is as comprehensive as possible. We began with a manually curated ‘tree’ of CTs from academic papers and Wikipedia. Next, we examined 1769 CT-related articles from four fact-checking websites, focusing on their core content, and used a technique called Keyphrase Extraction to label the documents. This process yielded 769 identified conspiracies, each assigned a label and a family name. The second goal of this project was to detect whether an article is a conspiracy theory, so we built a binary classifier with our labeled dataset. This model uses a transformer-based machine learning technique and is pre-trained on a large corpus called RoBERTa, resulting in an F1 score of 87%. This model helps to identify potential conspiracy theories in new articles. We used a combination of clustering (HDBSCAN) and a dimension reduction technique (UMAP) to assign a label from the tree to these new articles detected as conspiracy theories. We then labeled these groups accordingly to help us match them to the tree. These can lead us to detect new conspiracy theories and expand the tree using computational methods. We successfully generated a tree of conspiracy theories and built a pipeline to detect and categorize conspiracy theories within any text corpora. This pipeline gives us valuable insights through any databases formatted as text.
Real and damped modes for an interacting fermion–antifermion pair: exciton in monolayer medium
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Gurtas Dogan Semra , Yazıcı Uzeyir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, we investigate the interaction between a fermion–antifermion pair in $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensions, governed by a Coulomb-type inter-particle potential. We explore analytical solutions for a fully covariant two-body Dirac equation derived from quantum electrodynamics, focusing on a spinless composite system. We present a non-perturbative second-order wave equation and derive a solution using the generators of the $$s\ell _{2}$$

s

ℓ
2

algebra. Subsequently, we determine the relativistic frequency modes of the system and extend our findings to electron–hole pairs in a monolayer medium in the vicinity of substrate. We analyze the impact of the effective dielectric constant ($$\varepsilon$$
ε
) of the surrounding medium on the real and damped modes of an exciton. Our results indicate that the ground state binding energy of the system can vary from the order of eV to a few meV, depending on changes in $$\varepsilon$$
ε
. Additionally, we observe that the decay time for the ground state of such an exciton is on the order of $$\sim 10^{-12}$$

∼

10

-
12

s. These findings suggest that the evolution of such a pair can be controlled by adjusting the effective dielectric constant of the surrounding medium.
Estudiantes de Brasil en la Universidad de Salamanca durante los siglos XVI y XVII (1)
Authors: Marcos de Dios Angel 
Published: April 2024

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Durante los siglos XVI y XVII fueron varios los miles de portugueses que frecuentaron la Universidad de Salamanca. El prestigio alcanzado por ésta, sobre todo a mediados del XVI, extendió su influencia por todo el mundo. A la ciudad del Tormes acudían estudiantes de toda Europa, América e incluso de Asia (2). Los portugueses, que consideraban a la de Coimbra universidad menor, se desplazaron a Salamanca en gran número, hasta tal punto que durante más de un siglo siempre hubo un consiliario de constitución “ex regno Portugaliae” de los ocho en total que habia en la Universidad.
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Comprehensive Natural History Study in a Dutch National Cohort of 142 Patients
Authors: Demirdas Serwet , van den Bersselaar Lisa M. , Lechner Rosan , Bos Jessica , Alsters Suzanne I.M. , Baars Marieke J.H. , Baas Annette F. , Baysal Özlem , van der Crabben Saskia N. , Dulfer Eelco , Giesbertz Noor A.A. , Helderman-van den Enden Apollonia T.J.M. , Hilhorst-Hofstee Yvonne , Kempers Marlies J.E. , Komdeur Fenne L. , Loeys Bart , Majoor-Krakauer Daniëlle , Ockeloen Charlotte W. , Overwater Eline , van Tintelen Peter J. , Voorendt Marsha , de Waard Vivian , Maugeri Alessandra , Brüggenwirth Hennie T. , van de Laar Ingrid M.B.H. , Houweling Arjan C. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder with a high risk for arterial, bowel, and uterine rupture, caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in
COL3A1
. The aim of this cohort study is to provide further insights into the natural history of vEDS and describe genotype-phenotype correlations in a Dutch multicenter cohort to optimize patient care and increase awareness of the disease.

METHODS:
Individuals with vEDS throughout the Netherlands were included. The phenotype was charted by retrospective analysis of molecular and clinical data, combined with a one-time physical examination.

RESULTS:

A total of 142 individuals (50% female) participated the study, including 46 index patients (32%). The overall median age at genetic diagnosis was 41.0 years. More than half of the index patients (54.3%) and relatives (53.1%) had a physical appearance highly suggestive of vEDS. In these individuals, major events were not more frequent (
P
=0.90), but occurred at a younger age (
P
=0.01). A major event occurred more often and at a younger age in men compared with women (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.004, respectively). Aortic aneurysms (
P
=0.003) and pneumothoraces (
P
=0.029) were more frequent in men. Aortic dissection was more frequent in individuals with a
COL3A1
variant in the first quarter of the collagen helical domain (
P
=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:

Male sex, type and location of the
COL3A1
variant, and physical appearance highly suggestive of vEDS are risk factors for the occurrence and early age of onset of major events. This national multicenter cohort study of Dutch individuals with vEDS provides a valuable basis for improving guidelines for the diagnosing, follow-up, and treatment of individuals with vEDS.
Risk Burden of Cancer in Patients Treated With Abbreviated Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After PCI: Analysis of Multicenter Controlled High-Bleeding Risk Trials
Authors: Campos Carlos M. , Mehran Roxana , Capodanno Davide , Owen Ruth , Windecker Stephan , Varenne Olivier , Stone Gregg W. , Valgimigli Marco , Hajjar Ludhmila Abrahão , Kalil Filho Roberto , Oldroyd Keith , Morice Marie-Claude , Urban Philip , Abizaid Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Oncological patients with coronary artery disease face an elevated risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic events following percutaneous coronary intervention. Despite medical guidelines recommending minimal dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration for patients with cancer, dedicated data on abbreviated DAPT in this population is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients with cancer compared with other high-bleeding risk individuals.

METHODS:
Patient-level data from 4 high-bleeding risk coronary drug-eluting stent studies (ONYX One, LEADERS FREE, LEADERS FREE II, and SENIOR trials) treated with short DAPT were analyzed. The comparison focused on patients with high-bleeding risk with and without cancer, assessing 1-year rates of net adverse clinical events (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium [BARC] types 3 to 5 bleeding) and major adverse clinical events (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke).

RESULTS:

A total of 5232 patients were included, of whom 574 individuals had cancer, and 4658 were at high-bleeding risk without previous cancer. Despite being younger with fewer risk factors, patients with cancer had higher net adverse clinical event (HR, 1.25;
P
=0.01) and major adverse clinical event (HR, 1.26;
P
=0.02), primarily driven by all-cause mortality and major bleeding (BARC 3–5), but not myocardial infarction, stroke, stent thrombosis, or repeat revascularization. Cancer was an independent predictor of net adverse clinical event (
P
=0.005), major adverse clinical event (
P
=0.01), and major bleeding (
P
=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
The present work is the first report on abbreviated DAPT dedicated to patients with cancer. Cancer is a major marker of adverse outcomes and these events had high lethality. Despite short DAPT, patients with cancer experienced higher rates of major bleeding compared with patients without cancer with high-bleeding risk, which occurred mainly after DAPT discontinuation. These findings reinforce the need for a more detailed and individualized stratification of those patients.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT03344653, NCT01623180, NCT02843633, NCT0284.
Immunoproteasomal Processing of IsoLG-Adducted Proteins Is Essential for Hypertension
Authors: de la Visitación Néstor , Chen Wei , Krishnan Jaya , Van Beusecum Justin P. , Amarnath Venkataraman , Hennen Elizabeth M. , Zhao Shilin , Saleem Mohammad , Ao Mingfang , Dikalov Sergey I. , Dikalova Anna E. , Harrison David G. , Patrick David M. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypertension is characterized by CD8
+
(cluster differentiation 8) T cell activation and infiltration into peripheral tissues. CD8
+
T cell activation requires proteasomal processing of antigenic proteins. It has become clear that isoLG (isolevuglandin)-adduced peptides are antigenic in hypertension; however, IsoLGs inhibit the constitutive proteasome. We hypothesized that immunoproteasomal processing of isoLG-adducts is essential for CD8
+
T cell activation and inflammation in hypertension.

METHODS:

IsoLG adduct processing was studied in murine dendritic cells (DCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and B8 fibroblasts. The role of the proteasome and the immunoproteasome in Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension was studied in
C57BL/6
mice treated with bortezomib or the immunoproteasome inhibitor PR-957 and by studying mice lacking 3 critical immunoproteasome subunits (triple knockout mouse). We also examined hypertension in mice lacking the critical immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (large multifunctional peptidase 7) specifically in either DCs or ECs.

RESULTS:
We found that oxidant stress increases the presence of isoLG adducts within MHC-I (class I major histocompatibility complex), and immunoproteasome overexpression augments this. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the immunoproteasome attenuated hypertension and tissue inflammation. Conditional deletion of LMP7 in either DCs or ECs attenuated hypertension and vascular inflammation. Finally, we defined the role of the innate immune receptors STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and TLR7/8 (toll-like receptor 7/8) as drivers of LMP7 expression in ECs.

CONCLUSIONS:

These studies define a previously unknown role of the immunoproteasome in DCs and ECs in CD8
+
T cell activation. The immunoproteasome in DCs and ECs is critical for isoLG-adduct presentation to CD8
+
T cells, and in the endothelium, this guides homing and infiltration of T cells to specific tissues.
Latin vowel weakening in phonetic perspective
Authors: LaFond Benjamin T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Classical Latin exhibits vowel alternations in forms like faciō ‘I make’ ~ perficiō ‘I complete,’ factus ‘made’ ~ perfectus ‘completed,’ which are commonly attributed to historical change(s) whereby mid and low short vowels are raised and centralized in non-initial syllables. This pattern of change, known as Latin vowel weakening, has traditionally been understood as vowel reduction resulting from prominent initial stresses in the Archaic period (ca. 500–300 BC). In this article, I propose a revised theory of weakening according to phonetic principles. Rather than reduction alone, weakening is understood as the result of reduction followed by open-syllable tensing in non-initial syllables.
Mapping the Geographic Inequalities in Psychiatrist Distribution across Madhya Pradesh, India: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Sutar Roshan , Pakhare Abhijit , Lahiri Anuja , Sabde Yogesh , Singh Vijender 
Published: April 2024

Objective: The National Mental Health Survey identified a vast treatment gap across India. This treatment gap is partly attributed to the availability and accessibility of mental health services in different states. Accessibility to a psychiatrist in Madhya Pradesh (MP) is essential due to the significant disparity among urban, rural, and tribal regions across the state. The study attempted to identify the geographical disparity of psychiatrists in MP to improve future mental health service delivery. Methods: An online survey of practicing psychiatrists was conducted in December 2022 in the settings of public and private healthcare service delivery systems through offline and online accessibility/availability of psychiatrists practicing in MP, and the data were mapped using geo-locations of psychiatrists and were analyzed using ArcMap 10.8.1. Results: In total, 152 psychiatrists were practicing in MP across 195 locations, which amounts to 0.21 psychiatrists per 100,000 population with a concentration around big cities. Out of 54 districts, 24 districts did not have any practicing psychiatrists. A total of 155 health facilities were identified across 30 (55.6%) districts where at least one psychiatrist provided mental health services. The nearest-neighbor index for 152 points was –13.69. Conclusions: Combining psychiatrist geo-mapping data with population data comprehensively explains the MP state’s mental health service delivery needs. It could be wise to improve the spatial distribution of psychiatrists in each district rather than achieving the recommended ratio of doctors to patients per state. These data need to be supplemented with qualitative inquiry to help policymakers and health planners generate effective public–private partnerships in mental health service delivery in the coming time.
MUN-FRL: A Visual-Inertial-LiDAR Dataset for Aerial Autonomous Navigation and Mapping
Authors: Thalagala Ravindu G , De Silva Oscar , Jayasiri Awantha , Gubbels Arthur , Mann George KI , Gosine Raymond G 
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a unique outdoor aerial visual-inertial-LiDAR dataset captured using a multi-sensor payload to promote the global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-denied navigation research. The dataset features flight distances ranging from 300 m to 5 km, collected using a DJI-M600 hexacopter drone and the National Research Council (NRC) Bell412 Advanced Systems Research Aircraft (ASRA). The dataset consists of hardware-synchronized monocular images, inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements, 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point-clouds, and high-precision real-time kinematic (RTK)-GNSS based ground truth. Nine data sequences were collected as robot operating system (ROS) bags over 100 mins of outdoor environment footage ranging from urban areas, highways, airports, hillsides, prairies, and waterfronts. The dataset was collected to facilitate the development of visual-inertial-LiDAR odometry and mapping algorithms, visual-inertial navigation algorithms, object detection, segmentation, and landing zone detection algorithms based on real-world drone and full-scale helicopter data. All the data sequences contain raw sensor measurements, hardware timestamps, and spatio-temporally aligned ground truth. The intrinsic and extrinsic calibrations of the sensors are also provided, along with raw calibration datasets. A performance summary of state-of-the-art methods applied on the data sequences is also provided.
Response to lorlatinib rechallenge in a case of ALK-rearranged metastatic NSCLC with a resistance mutation to second generation TKIs
Authors: Leporati Rita , Miliziano Daniela , Beninato Teresa , Mazzeo Laura , Manglaviti Sara , Brambilla Marta , Occhipinti Mario , Prelaj Arsela , Proto Claudia , Lo Russo Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Several anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed for the treatment of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the newer generation agents brigatinib, alectinib and lorlatinib showing prolonged responses. With the increasing number of target therapies available, the optimal sequence is yet to be defined, as resistance profiles may evolve over time and in response to sequential ALK inhibitors. Therefore, ALK-targeted strategies may be personalized based upon the presence of specific ALK resistance mutations. Methods: Here, we report on the case of a patient who has been treated with a sequence of three ALK TKIs after receiving diagnosis of ALK-rearranged metastatic NSCLC in 2015 and gained further benefit upon lorlatinib rechallenge after the acquisition of the G1202R resistance mutation to second generation TKIs. Results and conclusion: In this case, the first ALK resistance mutation detected after progression on first line TKI, the I1171N, is a common resistance mutation after alectinib and confers sensitivity to brigatinib, that the patient received afterwards with a long-term disease stability. The second ALK resistance mutation detected after a chemotherapy interval, the G1202R, is the most common resistance mutation after second generation ALK TKIs and has been associated with sensitivity to third generation TKIs, such as lorlatinib. This case of a patient with EML4-ALK-rearranged NSCLC shows that sequential treatment with next-generation ALK TKIs, including rechallenge, can induce profound remissions, even in heavily pretreated patients, and that ALK-targeted strategies may be personalized by considering the presence of distinct ALK resistance mutations.