bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Application of Coir Compost, Enriched Farm Yard Manure and an Hydrophilic Polymer on Soil Moisture Content, Growth and Yield of Rainfed Sorghum in Association with Azospirillum
Authors: Anabayan K. , Palaniappan Sp. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiment was conducted to study the effect of application of new organic manures and an hydrophilic polymer in combination with fertilizer application and Azospirillum inoculation on soil moisture content, growth and yield of rainfed sorghum. Application of enriched farm yard manure with urea mixed either 24 hours before sowing or at the time of sowing produced the highest LAI, DMP and grain yield. High soil moisture content was noticed due to incorporation of coir compost. Split application of nitrogen and Azospirillum inoculation besides increasing the LAI and DMP gave 15.2 per cent and 14.5 per cent increase in yield respectively.
Ertragsleistung, Standorteignung und Qualitatseigenschaften von Sareptasenf (Brassica juncea L. Czern.)
Authors: Beese G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) Indian mustard is required as raw material for the production of mustard. In field trials, farm trials and processing tests during several years evidence could be furnished, that the cultivation of the up to now foreign crop is possible on suitable sites in central Germany. On loess soils (soil value number more than 50) in regions with milder climatic conditions the grain yields attained in using of intensive specific cultivation methods on an average of about 30 dt/hectare. The results of the field trials confirmed by average yields of 14 16 dt/hectare in agricultural practice. The best farms attained grain yields up to 25 dt/hectare. With regard to raw material with a content of allyl mustard oil of more than 1.00 % also the demands of the food processing industry could be fulfilled by all lots produced on farms (the attained content of allyl mustard oil amounted to 1.00 1.40 %).Climatic factors but also the observance of correct cultivation methods influence first of all the processing quality.
Nitratentwicklung nach Kleegrasumbruch im Frühjahr unter der Folgefrucht Silomais
Authors: Raupp J. , Letalik C. , Haunz F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Nitrate release under the following crop maize after ploughing a clover‐grass crop in spring After ploughing a clover‐grass crop in spring, the formation of nitrate under the following crop maize, its nitrogen uptake and yield were investigated as well as the N‐mineralization in the fallow plots. As ploughing processes the variants “rotary cultivator” and “plough” were compared.Three days before ploughing 14 kg nitrate‐N/ha were found in the soil from 0 to 90 cm depth. At all sampling dates after ploughing significant higher nitrate‐N contents were analysed in the soil of the plough variant than in the rotary cultivator variant. Under maize the highest observed nitrate contents were reached at the end of July, that is 117 kg N/ha in the plough and 65 kg N/ha in the rotary cultivator variant. In the soil without plant growth the highest nitrate values were not noticed before the end of August, namely 213 and 102 kg N/ha in the plough and in the rotary cultivator variant, respectively. During the time after these maximum values the nitrate contents in the fallow plots lessened dramatically, probably implying considerable nitrogen losses.In the maize plots, however, the continual nitrogen release could obviously be used well by the plants. Under maize there was another period of intensive N‐mineralization between end of August and the beginning of October, so that the N‐contents in both soil and maize plants approximately doubled during the last 5 weeks before harvest: from 70 to 148 (“rotary cultivator”) and from 140 to 269 kg N/ha (“plough”), respectively. This is equivalent to a mineralization rate of 1.9 and 3.1 kg nitrate‐N/ha d, respectively, in the time between the end of August and the beginning of October. This nitrogen release was only expressed by the increasing N‐uptake of the maize plants, but not by a changed nitrate store in the soil.Because of the better nitrogen supply the plough variant led to a dry matter yield which was 73 % higher than in the rotary cultivator variant (176 and 102 dt/ha, respectively).
Differential Nitrogen Uptake, Utilization and Biomass Accumulation by Some Sorghum Cultivars
Authors: Gill Maqsood A. , Rahmatullah  , Zia M. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFive cultivars of sorghum viz: PU‐7, Sarokartuho, Bagdar, Redjanpur and Potobar 4–8 were studied for their growth, N uptake and utilization efficiency at 5 mM N in solution culture. These cultivars differed significantly in their dry matter accumulation and relative growth rate of shoot. Differences in shoot/root of the cultivars were also notable. Markedly different mean N intake rate among the sorghum cultivars was 108 μmol g−1 root dry wt. hr−1 in Bagdar and 53 μmol g−1 root dry wt. hr−1 in PU‐7 and Redjanpur. Both relative accumulation rate of N and efficiency of biomass accumulation per unit N absorbed also differed appreciably among the cultivars.
Comparative Growth Responses and Ionic Relations of Four Cereals during Salt Stress
Authors: Salim M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFour varieties, one each of triticale, wheat, rye and barley were grown in nutrient solution without and with the addition of 75 and 150 mM NaCl. Plants were exposed to salinity for two weeks and growth and ionic relations of plants were measured. Growth of four cereals varieties was affected to different degrees with salinity and shoot fresh weight/dry weight ratios decreased with increase in salt concentration in root medium. Shoots of barley variety accumulated high content of Na and Cl which were primarily due to higher rates of net ion transport from root to shoot. Higher accumulation of Na and Cl in barley variety shoot accompanied by better relative growth rates indicated plant's ability to compartmentalize ions in vacuoles.
Beschattungseffekte auf das Speichervermögen unterschiedlich aufgebauter Weizenähren*
Authors: Aufhammer W. , Hannappel U. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Effects of shading treatments on the storage potential of differently structured wheat ears Effects of shading treatments on hierarchically differently structured wheat ears were investigated. Commencing with stem‐elongation or two weeks later during a 14‐day period radiation intensity was reduced by 50%. The spring wheat cultivars Kolibri (small number of seeds per ear, high 1000‐seed weight), Sokrates (higher number of seeds per ear, medium 1000‐seed weight) and Highbury (high seed number per ear, small 1000‐seed weight) were used. Growing conditions were varied by two years and two sowing dates each year. Main ears were investigated and analyzed spikelet by spikelet. – In interaction with growing conditions and cultivars shading treatments reduced seed numbers per ear quantitatively and qualitatively. In one experimental year, respectively in consequence of the later sowing date, numbers of seeds per ear of Sokrates and Highbury as compared to Kolibri were more reduced mainly at distal spikelet positions. Under these conditions ears of Kolibri demonstrated better seed yield stability.
Change in Water Conducting Properties of Plant Roots by Nutrition and Salt Stress
Authors: Salim M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMung bean plants were grown in half strength Hoagland nutrient solution and with only 2 mM N and no P. One set of these plants was exposed to 25 mM NaCl salinity. Plant growth was depressed to different degrees with the nutrition and salt stress. Measurements on the volume flow (Jv) and hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the detopped 23 day old plants were made under applied pressure of 0.207 MPa. The transpirational water flow (Jt) and the values of Jv were similar for most of the treatments. Values of Jt, Jv and Lp of plants decreased when both the nutrition and the salinity stress were imposed. Simultaneous stress of nutrients and salinity appeared to damage the cell membranes.
Ermittlung geeigneter Selektionskriterien zur Verbesserung der Persistenz beim Deutschen Weidelgras
Authors: Bugge Gisela 
Published: April 2008

AbstractScreening for persistence inLolium perenneL.The assessment of persistence, as well as yield potential, is fundamentally important for cultivar evaluation of perennial grasses. But it is difficult to estimate the persistence because of limited time available for testing new varieties. The aim of this study was to find out conditions for effective and quick selection for persistence inLolium perenne.Four strains ofLolium perennewere investigated for three years in the following split pot design with 3 replications: 180–220 kg N/ha or 360–440 kg N/ha and year, 3 or 6 cuts/year and 3–4 cm or 7–8 cm cutting height.Yield, regrowth (score 0–9, 7 days after each cut) and persistence (number of non‐surviving ramets) were determined for each ramet of all clones and for each plot of the strains. The dry matter yield was reduced to about 50 % between the first and the third year of the investigation. The differences in the dry matter yield between the four strains have been more evident in the six than in the three cutting treatment.Already at the end of the first year of the investigation the strains differed significantly in the regeneration in the six cut treatment. The regrowth of strain III showed a significant reduction compared with the other three strains.A significant reduction of the surviving ramets was first observed at the end of the second year of the investigation in the six cut treatment only, but between the strains were no significant differences.These results demonstrate, that an investigation on single plants over a period of three years cannot give an exactly prediction about the persistence ofLolium perennestrains.
Amyloplastenentwicklung und Stärkesynthese in Samen von Futter‐ und Markerbsen
Authors: Haeder H. E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Development of amyloplasts and starch synthesis in seeds of field and garden peas Amyloplast development and changes in starch and amylose content in seeds of field and garden peas (Pisum sativum ssp. sativum and ssp. medullare) was studied from flowering to maturity in view of a possible relationship between amyloplast form and starch composition.Starch and amylose contents increased at different rates in both subspecies. In field peas starch content had reached the maximum (44 % in DM) 26 days after flowering with 45 % amylose in total starch. In garden peas, 25 days after flowering, starch content had only reached half of its maximum (32 % in DM) with an extremely high amylose proportion (88 %). At that growth stage form and size of amyloplasts were similar in both subspecies. There seems to be no tight relationship between form of amyloplasts and proportion of amylose in total starch.But then, when amyloplasts abruptly increased in size those of garden peas disrupted suddenly. This disruption is not due to a high amylose content. Because in a cross‐breeding of field and garden peas, which was also investigated, the amyloplasts had remained intact irrespective of a high amylose proportion (63 %). The disruption may be due to differences in arrangement of starch molecule and in structure of plastid envelope.
Temperature, Mg and Al Interaction Effects on Grass Tetany Potential of Ryegrass Forage1
Authors: Rengel Z. , Robinson D. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars differing in Al sensitivity were grown in nutrient solution at pH 4.2 to assess the effects of temperature (10/6 and 22/18 °C day/night), Mg (0.1 and 1 mM) and Al solution concentrations (0, 3.7 and 74 μ M) on several factors influencing grass tetany potential of forage. Added Al depressed Mg and Ca shoot concentrations and increased shoot K/(Ca + Mg) equivalent ratio especially after prolonged treatment at higher temperature and lower Mg solution concentrations. These effects were more pronounced in the relatively Al‐sensitive cultivar Wilo which appeared to be less Mg‐efficient as well. Grass tetany potential will therefore be higher following a temperature rise if Al‐sensitive ryegrass is grown in a medium containing low Mg and high Al levels.
Genotypic Variability in Biomass Protein and Nucleic Acids in Four Linum Species to Sodicity Stress
Authors: Singh A. K. , Singh B. B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGenotypic variability among linseed cvs. Neelum, Garima, Subhra and Local was studied by subjecting the plants, throughout the growing season to salt stress (10 to 25 ESP) treatments induced by NaHCO3. General reduction in growth, leaf growth and biomass production (mg plant−1) was observed in all cultivars with increasing sodicity levels. Cultivars interaction responses varied significantly at 25 ESP level. Stress decreased total nitrogen, protein, RNA, DNA and chlorophyll contents in leaves however, proline accumulated in all cultivars. It was further observed that overall effect of salt stress was more pronounced at 60 DAS and beyond 20 ESP level. In general, variety Neelum was found to be more tolerant to sodicity than other cultivars at different stages of plant growth.It is therefore, concluded that at milder sodicity (up to 15 ESP) any variety of linseed may be grown but beyond 15 ESP only Neelum should be recommended for general cultivation.
Assimilation, Dissimilation and Accumulation of 14C in Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids of Different Drought Tolerance
Authors: Grzesiak S. , de Barbaro A. , Filek W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of exposure in the vegetative phase of growth to 5‐ or 10‐day spells of soil drought (30% field water capacity) on assimilation, dissimilation and accumulation of 14C and on dry matter growth were studied in two maize hybrids, nos. 8344 and 8388 (Garst Seed Co.) of high and low drought tolerance. Under control water regime in soil there was no difference in 14CO2 uptake and dry matter growth between hybrids. After five days of drought 14CO2 assimilation dropped by about 75% referred to unit weight of dry matter in hybrid 8344 and by 56% in hybrid 8388. After 10 days of drought 14CO2 assimilation rate was reduced by 75% in both hybrids. Soil drought increased the 14C dissimilation. There were no significant differences between hybrids in all treatments, with the exception of 5 days drought; after this treatment the dissimilation rate of hybrid 8344 was higher than that of 8388. Changes of translocation of 14C and its accumulation in particular organs occurred in drought treated plants; the amount of 14C accumulated in roots of plants of hybrid 8344 increased, while that of hybrid 8388 decreased. Changes of 14C accumulation in roots were positively correlated to changes of dry matter of those organs. One day after 10 days of drought assimilation and dissimilation rates in both hybrids were about 60% of controls.
The Effect of Improved Management on the Yield and Nitrogen Content of Legume Hay/Barley Crop Rotations in West Asia
Authors: Keatinge J. D. H. , Chapanian N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the light of growing governmental support in west Asia and north Africa for policies which either discourage cereal monoculture or encourage fallow replacement by farmers, two experiments were conducted in northern Syria. These were designed to evaluate and quantify the effect of agronomic interventions on the productivity and nitrogen content of legume hays, and the subsequent residual effects of these interventions on the yield and nitrogen content of a following barley crop. Quantitative estimates of the residual effects of legume hays, when grown under rainfed conditions, on the N uptake of barley are rarely available for the region at large.The major management effects on the productivity of legume hays were the addition of phosphate fertilizer and a reduction in row spacing. Positive residual effects on the yields of following barley crops were shown to be small but not insignificant. They could be considered to be important influences in the sustained production of barley in legume hay‐barley crop rotations.It is suggested that the results give further positive evidence that farmers in west Asia will not resist the introduction of improved crop rotations including legumes in place of their current fallow‐barley or continuous barley crop sequences.
The Effects of Intercrop Spacing Patterns on the Silage Yield of Maize and Soybean
Authors: Martin R. C. , Voldeng H. D. , Smith D. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of intercrop spacing patterns on the silage yields of both maize (lea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were examined from 1985 to 1987. Dwarf maize was intercropped with nonnodulatmg or nodulating soybean in the spacing patterns, S40same (two crops in the same row, 40 cm row width) and S20ait or S40ak (two crops in alternate rows, 20 cm or 40 cm row width, respectively). Tall maize was intercropped with nodulating soybean in S40sames S40alt and S40pair (maize in 40 cm paired rows, soybean rows 20 cm outside each maize row and 80 cm from the next set of four rows) at 0 or 60 kg N ha−1 and at population densities of 67% maize: 67% soybean or 50 % maize: 50% soybean. Maize and soybean were also intercropped and stripcropped on a farm‐scale. The only difference between intercrops arranged in the same rows versus those in alternate rows was that the average soybean protein yields were higher in S40same than in S40alt. In 1986, the S40alt maize‐soybean intercrops produced higher maize yields, total biomass yields and Land Equivalent Ratios (LERs) than in S40pirs, and in 1987, these responses were higher in intercrops than in stripcrops. In 1986, at 0 kg N ha−1, the soybean biomass and protein yields were lower in S40alt, than in S40pairs and in 1987, these responses were lower in intercrops than in stripcrops.
Importance of Some Biochemical Parameters in the Quality and Yield of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Iori R. , Leoni O. , Lazzeri L. , Mosca G. , Palmieri S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSamples of rapeseed from three Italian growing environments (Bologna, Perugia and Palermo) were analysed for glucose content and dry weight of 1000 seeds every three or four days starting from the end of flowering until complete ripening. In addition, the content of oil, soluble and total proteins, glucosinolates and myrosinase activity was determined in samples of mature seeds. The cultivars used were jet Neuf and Lingot (type 0) and Tandem, Jade and Santana (type 00). From the results it emerged that the point of intersection of the two branches of the linear regression plots for different glucose‐consumption kinetics found during seed filling, in addition to being strongly affected by the climate of the test environment, is correlated with quantitative and qualitative production, independently of the genotype.
Genetic Variability for Rubisco Protein and Polyphenol Content in Fifteen Tobacco (N. tabacum) Cultivars
Authors: Hassiotou E. , Tsaftaris A. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA recently developed rocket immunoelectrophoretic method was used in order to estimate the variation of Rubisco protein content in fifteen (15) tobacco cultivars. The optimum time of harvest for the highest Rubisco concentration was also determined. Since polyphenols (PP) present a problem in Rubisco extraction, the polyphenol content of the same 15 tobacco genotypes was also measured, in order to identify tobacco cultivars with high Rubisco and low polyphenol content. Rubisco concentration reached its maximum value in 2‐month‐old plants and declined thereafter. At this stage significant genetic variation was recorded for Rubisco and Polyphenol content in crude leaf extracts. Four of the genotypes (KII‐S2, TA21, N34/4, and MA/ 13β) were found to be promising in respect to high Rubisco and low PP concentration. No relationship between total protein content and Rubisco concentration was recorded. Crude extract was satisfactorily preserved at the temperature of ‐70°C.
Growth and Distribution of Dry Matter in a Drought Tolerant and a Susceptible Potato Cultivar under Normal and Water Deficit Condition
Authors: Nagarajan Shantha , Bansal K. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe growth behaviour of Dekama (drought tolerant) and Kufri Jyoti (drought susceptible) was studied using potted plants maintained at well watered condition and water deficit condition respectively. Periodic harvestings were done starting from 50 days after planting till maturity. Recordings of plant height, leaf area, dry weights of different plant parts, the proportion of thinner and thicker roots, stomatal conductance and water saturation deficit were obtained. The plant height, leaf area and dry weight of shoot decreased to nearly the same extent in both the cultivars under stress. The stomatal conductance decreased by 61.7 % in Dekama and by 64 % in Kufri Jyoti due to water stress. Water saturation deficit increased by about 80 % in both the cultivars. The ratios of root to shoot and that of thinner to thicker root increased due to stress in both cultivars and this increase was 85 % and 71 % in Dekama and 64 % and 19 % in Kufri Jyoti respectively. The distribution of dry matter to leaf, stem, root were more at the expense of tuber under stress conditions in both cultivars. However, the tolerant cultivar Dekama got adjusted to the stress condition, with more dry matter partitioned to tubers in the last two samplings. The study points out the factors responsible for better drought tolerance of Dekama compared to Kufri Jyoti and the possible physiological traits useful for selecting drought tolerant cultivars.
Veränderte Ährenfertilität bei einhalmiger Sommergerste durch Einsatz von Bioregulatoren
Authors: Natt C. , Heilfgenthal R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Changes in fertility of ears in monoculm summer barley after application of plant growth regulators The effect of plant growth regulators (PGR) upon the structure of the ears in the monoculm summer barley Kindred Uniculm was tested during four years in pot experiments.The influence of CCC + Ancymidol and RSW on yield structure of the whole plant and the ear which was divided in three parts (basal = 1.–5. spike internode, medial = 6.–10. spike internode, apical = off 11. spike internode) was measured. The application of PGR's in EC 32 increased kernel yield every year in a range from 11–21 %. Number of kernels were strongly improved while the thousand kernels weight remained unchanged. The increase in number of kernels in the apical zone was higher (26–64 %) than in the basal zone (0–10 %). Obviously “medial dominance” was reduced as the single kernel weight was the same in untreated plants.The decrease of GA1‐content was evident after application of PGR's. A correlation between GA1‐content and plant height was found.
Aufnahme und Verwertung von Phosphor und Kalium durch CCM‐Mais bei differenzierter PK‐Düngung
Authors: Müller S. , Weigert I. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Uptake and utilization of phosphorus and potassium by CCM‐maize in relation to different PK‐fertilization The influence of different PK‐fertilizer‐application (0/500/1000 mg P pot−1 with 6 kg soil before seeding and as fluid or granuled fertilizer to 15 cm plant height in combination with 0/1500 (3000 mg K ‐ pot−1) on PK‐uptake and dry matter production of CCM‐maize for six different stages of development was investigated.For all six times a distinct connection between quantity of P‐fertilizer and P‐content resp. ‐uptake is described. For potassium is these not so clear, although the uptake is quicker than phosphorus. In combination of PK‐proportions and PK‐content resp. ‐uptake draw a conclusions on the yield, but not in consideration PK‐proportions resp. ‐uptake only. Limitation values are discussed. P‐applications to 15 cm plant height is little effective.