bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of alginate/soy protein isolate blend fibers through a novel coagulating bath
Authors: Wang Qun , Du Yumin , Hu Xianwen , Yang Jianhong , Fan Lihong , Feng Tao 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlginate and soy protein isolate blend fibers were prepared by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a novel coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl2, HCl, and ethanol. The structures and properties of the fibers were studied with the aids of infrared spectra (IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Mechanical properties and water‐retention properties were measured. And with the sample of AS1 fiber (soy protein isolate weight content was 10%), the effects of the composition of the novel coagulating bath were also studied. The best values of the tensile strength of AS1 were 14.1 cN/tex in the dry state and 3.46 cN/tex in the wet state, respectively. Both the dry state and wet state breaking elongation were also having the best value 20.71% and 56.7% with AS1. Mechanical properties of the AS1 enhanced with the CaCl2 content increased in the coagulating bath. When the HCl content was 1%, the mechanical property of the fiber was best. Ethanol in the coagulating bath increased the wet mechanical properties of the fiber by 41.2% (tensile strength) and 45.1% (breaking elongation) when the ethanol weight content in the coagulating bath was 50%; but it had little effect on the dry mechanical properties. And the water‐retention value (WRV) of blend fibers decreased as the amount of soy protein isolate was raised. The structure analysis indicated that there were strong interaction and a certain level of miscibility between alginate and soy protein isolate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 425–431, 2006
Effects of low molar mass additives on the molecular mobility and transport properties of polysulfone
Authors: Vidotti S. E. , Chinellato A. C. , Hu G.‐H. , Pessan L. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the effects of incorporation of low molar mass additives on the molecular mobility and water vapor transport properties of the polysulfone (PSF). The additives used in this work were N‐phenyl‐2‐naphthylamine (PNA) at 10, 18, and 30 wt % concentration and 2,6‐di‐terc‐butyl p‐cresol (BHT) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt % concentration. The additive incorporation resulted in changes on molecular mobility and thermal properties of the polysulfone glassy matrix associated with antiplasticization phenomenon. The effects observed on the polysulfone were reduction in glass transition temperature, reduction in the magnitude of secondary loss transition peak, changes in secondary loss transition peak for higher temperatures, and increase in elastic modulus E′ as compared with those of the unmodified polymer. Changes in molecular mobility were correlated to reductions in PSF water vapor permeability. In PSF–PNA mixtures, the water vapor permeability was reduced up to 95% for 30 wt % additive incorporation and 81% for mixtures PSF–BHT with 20 wt % incorporation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 825–832, 2006
Novel water‐soluble acryloylmorpholine copolymers: Synthesis, characterization, and metal ion binding properties
Authors: Rivas Bernabé L. , Maureira Antonio , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPoly(4‐acryloylmorpholine), poly(4‐acryloylmorpholine‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid), and poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid) were synthesized by radical polymerization. The water‐soluble polymers obtained, containing tertiary amino, amide, and sulfonic acid groups, were investigated, in view of their metal binding properties, as polychelatogens by using the liquid‐phase polymer‐based retention technique, under different experimental conditions. The metal ions investigated were Ag(I), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), and Al(III). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 180–185, 2006
A new nonhydrolytic synthesis of magnetite nanocrystallites in the presence of ω‐functionalized polystyrene matrix
Authors: Jiang Liming , Kim Jungahn 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis of iron oxide nanocomposites from thermal decomposition of iron(III) acetylacetonate, in organic medium, in the presence of linear ω‐functionalized polystyrenes. The nature of the magnetic particles was identified as magnetite (Fe3O4), based on X‐ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, while the morphology and particle size of the so‐prepared materials were evaluated by TEM technique. The resultant magnetic composites, with average particle sizes below 10 nm, can be easily dissolved in organic solvents, producing stable organosols. Magnetization measurements revealed that the nanocomposites exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 186–191, 2006
Synthesis and properties of conducting polypyrrole, polyalkylanilines, and composites of polypyrrole and poly(2‐ethylaniline)
Authors: Sarı Bekir , Gök Ayşegül , şahi̇n Derya 
Published: April 2006

AbstractConducting polymers of alkylanilines, pyrrole, and their conducting composites were synthesized by oxidation polymerization. The oxidants used were KIO3 and FeCl3 for the polyalkylanilines and polypyrrole (PPy), respectively. Among the polyalkylanilines synthesized with KIO3 salt, the highest conductivity was obtained with poly(2‐ethylaniline) (P2EAn) with a value of 4.10 × 10−5 S/cm. The highest yield was obtained with poly(N‐methylaniline) with a value of 87%. We prepared the conducting composites (PPy/P2EAn and P2EAn/PPy) by changing synthesis order of P2EAn and PPy. The electrically conducting polymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. From the results, we determined that the properties of the composites were dependent on the synthesis order of the polymers. The thermal degradation temperature of PPy was observed to be higher than that of the other polymers and composites. We determined from X‐ray results that the structures of the homopolymers and composites had amorphous regions (88–95%) and crystal regions (5–12%). From the Gouy balance magnetic measurements, we found that the polymers and composites were bipolaron conducting mechanisms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 241–249, 2006
Ethylene–octene copolymer (engage)–clay nanocomposites: Preparation and characterization
Authors: Maiti Madhuchhanda , Sadhu Susmita , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this work, preparation and properties of nanoclay modified by organic amine (octadecyl amine, a primary amine) and Engage (ethylene–octene copolymer)–clay nanocomposites are reported. The clay and rubber nanocomposites have been characterized with the help of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The X‐ray results suggest that the intergallery spacing of pristine clay increases with the incorporation of the amine. The XRD peak observed in the range of 3–10° for the modified clay also disappears in the rubber nanocomposites at low loading. TEM photographs show exfoliation of the clays in the range of 10–30 nm in Engage. In the FTIR spectra of the nanocomposite, there are common peaks for the virgin rubber as well as those for the clay. Excellent improvement in mechanical properties, like tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus, is observed on incorporation of the nanoclay in Engage. The storage modulus increases, tan δ peak decreases, and the glass transition temperature is shifted to higher temperature. The results could be explained with the help of morphology, dispersion of the nanofiller, and its interaction with the rubber. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 603–610, 2006
Preparing polymer brushes on poly(vinylidene fluoride) films by free radical polymerization
Authors: Sun Wei , Chen Yiwang , Zhou Lang , He Xiaohui 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGrafting of polymer brushes on the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films was carried out by the surface‐initiated free radical polymerization. Surface‐initiators were immobilized on the PVDF films by surface hydroxylation and esterification of the surface‐tethered hydroxyl groups with 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanopentanoic acid) (ACP). Homopolymer brushes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by free radical polymerization from the azofunctionalized PVDF surface. The chemical composition and topography of the graft‐functionalized PVDF surfaces were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Kinetics study revealed an exponential increase in the graft concentration of polymer brushes with the reaction time, indicating that the chain growth from the surface was consistence with a chain polymerization. Water contact angles on PVDF films were reduced by surface grafting of MMA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 857–862, 2006
Synthesis, characterization, and application of PVP/chitosan blended polymers
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Taut , Chen Chin‐Lai , Huang K. S. , Nien Y. H. , Chen J. L. , Huang P. Z. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to research the compatibility and application of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/chitosan blended polymers. The polymers were synthesized at different weight ratios and tested using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the compatibility of the blended materials. Incompatibility occurred when the quantity of chitosan exceeded 75%. The addition of PVP was beneficial for the thermal stability of chitosan, but resulted in inferior strength performance. Furthermore, the blended polymers did not show a color‐enhancement effect, but did show elevated water absorption, chlorine resistance, and colorfastness. In addition, the treated fabrics with a higher chitosan ratio in the blended polymer had antimicrobial properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 885–891, 2006
Syntheses and characterization of polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole and its sorption behavior for Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III)
Authors: Qu Rongjun , Sun Changmei , Ji Chunnuan , Wang Chunhua , Xu Qiang , Lu Shulai , Li Changfeng , Xu Gang , Cheng Guoxiang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA type of chelating resin crosslinking polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole (also called bismuththiol I, BMT), containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms, was prepared. The structure of PS‐BMT was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) was investigated. The capacity of PS‐BMT to adsorb Pd(II) and Pt(IV) was 0.190 and 0.033 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption dynamics of Pd(II) showed that adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion and that the apparent activation energy,Ea, was 32.67 kJ/mol. The Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model in describing the isothermal process of Pd(II), and the ΔG,ΔH,and ΔSvalues calculated were −0.33 kJ/mol, 26.29 kJ/mol, and 87.95 J mol−1K−1, respectively. The mechanisms of adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) were confirmed by XPS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 631–637, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of novel dihydrobenzoxazine resins
Authors: Shieh Jeng‐Yueh , Lin Chi‐Y. , Huang Chine‐Lin , Wang Chun‐Shan 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree dihydrobenzoxazines are synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), 4,4′‐biphenol (BIP), and dicyclopentadiene phenol adduct (DCPD). Polydihydrobenzoxazine containing 4,4′‐biphenol (BIPDB) had the most rigid structure of the three and was found to possess the best mechanical and thermal properties. The glass transition temperature of BIPDB was 206°C, and that of BPA‐type polydihydrobenzoxazine (BPADB) and dicyclopentadiene type polydihydrobenzoxazine (DCPDDB) were 184 and 183°C, respectively. DCPDDB, with a rigid hydrophobic cycloaliphatic structure, was found to possess excellent properties such as low moisture absorption, low dielectric constant, low polarization. The resulted polymer from DCPDDB had a dielectric constant of 2.94U, which was better than that of polymers derived from BPA (3.31U), BIP (3.45U), and traditional phenolic resin (3.9–4.0U). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 342–347, 2006
Softness evaluation of keratin fibers based on single‐fiber bending test
Authors: Yu Weidong , Liu Yuqing 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe evaluation of single‐fiber softness by bending is an ingenious and vital approach for the basic investigation of both the fiber bending properties and the textile softness. The bending behavior and bending modulus of wool, alpaca and silk fibers have been measured by an axial‐buckling method developed by the authors, which uses the fiber compression bending analyzer (FICBA). The bending properties of single fibers were quantified by calculating the equivalent bending modulus and the flexural rigidity by measuring the protruding length and diameter of fiber needles and the critical force, Pcr, obtained from the peak point of the force‐displacement curve. The measured data showed that the equivalent bending modulus of the alpaca fiber is higher than that of wool fiber, and even the rigidity is 10 times as high as wool, but its friction coefficient is lower than that of wool, which means that the soft handle of alpaca fabrics is mainly due to the smooth surface and low friction coefficient of alpaca fibers in contrast to that of wool fiber. For the silk fiber, despite high equivalent bending modulus, the smoother handle of silk should be mainly due to the thin fiber diameter in contrast to that of keratin fibers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 701–707, 2006
Studies on the effect of electron beam irradiation on waste polyethylene and its blends with virgin polyethylene
Authors: Satapathy S. , Chattopadhyay S. , Chakrabarty K. K. , Nag A. , Tiwari K. N. , Tikku V. K. , Nando G. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWaste polyethylene (WPE) was segregated from the municipality solid waste, cleaned, dried, and chopped into pieces, then processed in a Brabender Plasticorder using the melt mixing technique. Blends of WPE and virgin polyethylene were prepared in various proportions under optimized process conditions. Of the various blend proportions studied, 70/30 blend of WPE/low density polyethylene (LDPE) and 50/50 blend of WPE/high density polyethylene showed better mechanical properties and hence selected for further modification involving electron beam irradiation. Aforementioned blends were exposed to various doses of electron beam irradiation and the effect of irradiation on physicomechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural modulus, hardness, and impact resistance were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and gel content were considered to characterize the blends. Physicomechanical properties improved to an appreciable extent on irradiation but the elongation at break reduced drastically. Blow molding of the 70/30 WPE/LDPE blend could be done successfully to make bottles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 715–726, 2006
Tin dioxide coated calcium carbonate as flame retardant for semirigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Jiao Yunhong , Zhang Bo , Qu Hongqiang , Yang Guozhong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties of semirigid PVC treated with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), tin oxide (SnO2), the mixture of CaCO3/SnO2 and SnO2‐coated CaCO3 have been studied through the limiting oxygen index, char yield, and smoke density rating (SDR) methods. The thermal degradation in air of the treated semirigid PVC was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) from ambient temperature to 1073 K. The morphologies of the additives and the char formation were studied through SEM. The mechanical property was also studied. The results showed that the semirigid PVC treated with SnO2‐coated CaCO3 has a higher limiting oxygen index and char yield, lower SDR and MSDR, a more compact structure of char formation than the semirigid PVC without flame retardant and the semirigid PVC with the equivalent CaCO3, or SnO2, or the mixture of CaCO3/SnO2, a similar tensile property and greatly improved impact strength compared with that of the semirigid PVC without flame retardant. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 731–738, 2006
Using PA6 as a charring agent in intumescent polypropylene formulations based on carboxylated polypropylene compatibilizer and nano‐montmorillonite synergistic agent
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Ling , Zhang Wei‐Yan , Liu Xin‐Yu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe intumescent fire retardant polypropylene (IFP/PP) filled with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (M), and PA6 (charring agent) is discussed. Intumescing degree (ID) and the char yield were determined. Only when the three main components of IFR coexist at appropriate proportions, it has optimal ID and higher char yield. The appropriate proportion is PA6 : APP : M = 10 : 10 : 5. A new compatibilizer, carboxylated polypropylene (EPP), was added to PP/PA‐6 blend. Flow tests indicated that the apparent viscosity increased with the addition of EPP, thermal characterization suggested that EPP has reacted with PA6, PA6‐g‐EPP cocrystallized with PA6, and EPP‐g‐PA6 cocrystallized with PP; SEM micrographs illustrated that the presence of EPP improved the compatibility of PP and PA6. All the investigations showed that EPP was an excellent compatibilizer, and it was a true coupling agent for PP/PA6 blends. Using PA6 as a charring agent resulted in the IFR/PP dripping, which deteriorated the flammability properties. The addition of nano‐montmorillonite (nano‐MMT) as a synergistic agent of IFR enabled to overcome the shortcoming. The tensile test testified that the addition of nano‐MMT enhanced the mechanical strength by 44.3%. SEM showed that nano‐MMT improved the compatibility of the composites. It was concluded that the intumescent system with nano‐MMT was an effective flame retardant in improving combustion properties of polypropylene. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 739–746, 2006
Fatty esters of cellulose from olive pomace and barley bran: Improved mechanical properties by metathesis crosslinking
Authors: Memmi Abdelmajid , Granet Robert , Gahbiche Mohamed Amen , Fekih Abdelwahab , Bakhrouf Amina , Krausz Pierre 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAgricultural wastes such as olive pomace and barley bran have been transformed in plastic by esterification with fatty acid chlorides after acidic or alkaline delignification. These esterifications were carried out in homogenous solution DMA/LiCl by classical heating or microwave activation. The plastics obtained were characterized by IR and NMR spectra, and tested for their mechanical properties and potentiality of biodegradation. The mechanical properties were improved by olefin metathesis of undecylenic ester from olive cellulose. delignification. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 751–755, 2006
Structure development of poly(L‐lactic acid) fibers processed at various spinning conditions
Authors: Ghosh Subhas , Vasanthan Nadarajah 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPoly(L‐lactic acid) (PLA) filaments were spun by melt‐spinning at 500 and 1850 mm−1, and further drawn and heat‐set to modify the morphology of these PLA filaments. PLA yarns were characterized by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and sonic method. WAXD reveals that PLA yarns spun at 500 mm−1 are almost amorphous while the PLA filaments spun at 1850 mm−1 have about 6% crystallinity. This is different from PET filaments spun at the same speed that have almost no crystallinity. Both drawn‐ and heat‐set PLA filaments showed much higher crystallinity (60%) than do as‐spun fibers produced at 500 and 1850 mm−1 speed, which is also higher than the usual heat‐set PET yarns. It appears that crystalline orientation rapidly reaches a value in the order of 0.95 at 1850 mm−1 and that drawn‐ and heat‐set yarns have almost the same crystalline orientation values. Molecular orientation is relatively low for as‐spun PLA yarn, and molecular orientation increased to ∼0.5 after drawing or heat–setting or both. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1210–1216, 2006
Polymer membranes for separating organic mixtures
Authors: Bang‐Xiao Cai 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and cellulose ester were respectively chosen as the separation layer and the support in the composite membranes based on the concept of the solubility parameter and the permselectivities for separating ethanol/water mixture, isopropanol/water mixture, and caprolactam/water mixture. The effects of the membrane materials and the construction of the composite membrane on the separation performance were preliminary discussed. The separation performance of the membranes prepared by several making‐membrane techniques, i.e., the polymer solution making‐membrane technique, and the membrane treatment technique (heat treatment, organic solvent modification) were presented. The composite membranes of PVA/PAN and PVA/cellulose acetate, and cellulose triacetate hollow fiber membrane modified, which possess good performance in separating the organic systems, were developed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1160–1164, 2006
Kinetics of the interaction of desAABB–fibrin monomer with immobilized fibrinogen
Authors: Chtcheglova Lilia A. , Vogel Monique , Gruber Hermann J. , Dietler Giovanni , Haeberli André 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe soluble and stable fibrin monomer–fibrinogen complex (SF) is well known to be present in the circulating blood of healthy individuals and of patients with thrombotic diseases. However, its physiological role is not yet fully understood. To deepen our knowledge about this complex, a method for the quantitative analysis of interaction between soluble fibrin monomers and surface‐immobilized fibrinogen has been established by means of resonant mirror (IAsys) and surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore) biosensors. The protocols have been optimized and validated by choosing appropriate immobilization procedures with regeneration steps and suitable fibrin concentrations. The highly specific binding of fibrin monomers to immobilized fibrin(ogen), or vice versa, was characterized by an affinity constant of ∼10−8M, which accords better with the direct dissociation of fibrin triads (KD≈ 10−8–10−9M) (J. R. Shainoff and B. N. Dardik,Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1983, Vol. 27, pp. 254–268) than with earlier estimations of theKDfor the fibrin–fibrinogen complex (KD≈ 10−6M) (J. L. Usero, C. Izquierdo, F. J. Burguillo, M. G. Roig, A. del Arco, and M. A. Herraez,International Journal of Biochemistry, 1981, Vol. 13, pp. 1191–1196). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 69–82, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com