bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of human leukocyte A interferon on prevention of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus infection of cattle
Authors: Roney Charles S. , Rossi Charles R. , Smith Paul C. , Lauerman Lloyd C. , Spano Joseph S. , Hanrahan Lynn A. , William John C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Human leukocyte A interferon was evaluated for its ability to prevent infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-induced respiratory tract disease in cattle. Weanling calves were treated daily for 1 week with 50 × 106 U of interferon, intranasally (by nebulization) and im, and inoculated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus on the first day of treatment. Respiratory tract disease was less severe in treated as compared with nontreated calves which were given only infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and infection in the treated calves occurred later than in the untreated calves. Viral shedding and appearance of viral neutralizing antibodies occurred later in treated calves than in calves given only virus. Because several calves in a treatment group were housed together, whether the late appearance of infection in some interferon-treated calves was due to emergence of suppressed virus or to horizontal transmission from calves shedding virus could not be determined. One calf in the interferon-treated group developed antibody to human interferon and a few treated calves had transient elevation of hepatic enzymes. Interferon-treated calves developed a high temperature which subsided on termination of treatment. Production of disease was considerably dependent on the amount of virus and interferon given, since calves given 300 times more virus and approximately half as much interferon showed no evidence of protection against infection.
Prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri in cows and fetuses at slaughter
Authors: Hussain Khadim , Brodie Bruce , Ott Randall S. , Montealegre Frederico 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood from 171 pregnant and 65 nonpregnant cows was taken at slaughter for culture and examined during the culturing period for Trypanosoma theileri once a week for 5 weeks. Of the 171 fetuses from the pregnant cows, 119 (69.6%) were ≥ 4 months gestation; blood samples from these fetuses were also taken for culture. Of 236 cows (81 of 171 [47.4%] pregnant and 20 of 65 [30.8%] nonpregnant cows), 101 (42.8%) were culture positive. More of the pregnant than nonpregnant cows were culture positive (P < 0.05). More beef cows (48.0%) than dairy cows (34.1%) were culture positive (P < 0.025). Two of the 119 (1.7%) fetus samples were found culture positive.The percentages of positive cultures from Brucella-reactor cows, 18 of 40 (45.0%), and from non-Brucella-reactor cows, 83 of 196 (42.3%), were similar. However, both of the culture-positive fetuses were from Brucella-reactor cows.
Compartmental and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses of minocycline hydrochloride in the dog
Authors: Wilson Robert C. , Kitzman Joseph V. , Kemp Douglas T. , Goetsch Dennis D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six adult dogs were given 5 mg of minocycline hydrochloride/kg of body weight iv. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the serum drug concentration versus time data was performed, using the 2-compartment open model, the 3-compartment open model, and a noncompartmental model involving use of the statistical moment theory. All pharmacokinetic values except clearance were model independent. Minocycline half-life ranged between 6.48 and 7.24 hours; volume of distribution at steady state, between 1.859 ± 0.368 and 2.001 ± 0.468 L/kg; and clearance, between 3.195 ± 0.618 and 3.424 ± 0.684 ml/min/kg. These data are similar to those reported for oxytetracycline and indicate that the frequency of administration of the 2 tetracyclines should be the same.Three of the 6 dogs developed an adverse response to the iv injection of minocycline. Dog 1 developed urticaria and had initial serum drug concentrations of approximately 2 times the mean concentrations for the other dogs; values were not included in the pharmacokinetic analysis. Two other dogs had transient signs indicating cardiovascular depression or hypotension; their data were included. Due to the frequency of the unexpected reactions found in this study, it was concluded that dogs should not be given minocycline rapidly iv.
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation testing in healthy dogs
Authors: Evinger J. V. , Nelson R. W. , Bottoms G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined after iv administration of 200 μg of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) to 10 healthy euthyroid dogs. Significant (P < 0.05) changes were not found in the T3 concentration throughout an 8-hour sampling interval. All dogs had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the T4 concentration at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours after trh administration. The largest increase in the serum T4 concentration occurred 4 hours after trh injection. From 4 to 8 hours after trh administration, the mean increase above basal T4 concentrations was 13.9 ± 5.4 ng/ml.
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide-methemoglobin reductase activity in erythrocytes from cats
Authors: Baker Dale C. , Gaunt Stephen D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (nadh)-methemoglobin reductase activity in feline erythrocyte lysates was determined, using potassium ferricyanide as substrate. The optimum conditions for the assay were pH 8 and 37 C. Mean nadh-ferricyanide reductase activity in cats was 15.7 ± 4.1 μmoles of substrate converted/g of hemoglobin/min. The migration of nadh-ferricyanide reductase was similar to that of the nadh-methemoglobin reductase (nadh diaphorase) on starch gel electrophoresis.
Percutaneous trephine biopsy of the vertebral body in the rhesus monkey (Macaco mulatta)
Authors: Hermann Linda M. , Smith Katherine C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two methods of percutaneous vertebral body biopsy were performed in the Rhesus monkey, using a 3-mm diameter trephine and a pneumatic driver placed at a 30° angle of approach to the transverse plane of the spine. The freehand method involved placing needle landmarks in the spine, followed by examination of a lateral radiograph of the lumbar region to verify landmark positioning and to estimate placement of the trephine. In the 2nd method, a pneumatic trephine guide was oriented according to a trigonometric calculation based on radiographic data. The pneumatic trephine guide allowed precise placement of the driver and steadied the trephine as it passed through the bone.
Correlation of macrophage migration-inhibitionfactor and protection from challenge exposure in calves vaccinated with Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Habasha Faisal G. , Smith Bradford P. , Schwartz Les , Ardans Alex , Reina-Guerra Mario 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Migration of bovine macrophages under agarose was used to assess cellular immunity in 7 nonvaccinated calves and 9 calves vaccinated with Salmonella typhimurium. The 9 vaccinated calves were allotted to 4 groups. Group I calves were vaccinated twice orally with small doses of virulent S typhimurium; group II calves were vaccinated twice orally with genetically altered aromatic-dependent (aro−)S typhimurium SL3261; group III calves were vaccinated twice im with small doses of virulent S typhimurium; and group IV calves were vaccinated twice im with aro− S typhimurium SL1479.
Samples of blood were obtained from these calves at 2 weeks after the 2nd vaccinal dose was given, and lymphocytes were harvested, using lymphocyte separation medium. Lymphocytes in serum-free medium were then incubated with S typhimurim antigen for 48 hours. Lymphocytes were then transferred to antigen-free medium and incubated for 48 hours, and the supernatant was assayed for the migration-inhibition factor (mif).
Lymphocyte supernatant was assayed for mif by incubating it for 48 hours with 2.0 × 104 alveolar macrophages in agar wells. The macrophage migration distance was measured and compared with control values. Macrophage migration was inhibited in the presence of supernatant of lymphocytes from vaccinated calves that had been incubated with antigen, indicating the presence of the mif in the supernatant. Migration distances, as a percentage of control, were 33% for group I calves (oral vaccination, virulent vaccinal organism), 60% for group II calves (oral vaccination,. aro− vaccinal organism), 41% for group III (im vaccination, virulent organism), and 25% for group IV (im vaccination, aro− vaccinal organism).
Six of 7 nonvaccinated (control) calves died 3 to 8 days after oral challenge exposure with 1011 virulent S typhimurium, as did the 2 group II calves, None of the groups I, III, and IV calves died. There was a correlation between immunity (survival after challenge exposure) and a high degree of macrophage-migration inhibition,
Creatine kinase isoenzymes in bovine tissue
Authors: Galitzer S. J. , Oehme F. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, rumen, abomasum, small intestine, skeletal muscle, and urinary bladder from healthy cattle were analyzed for creatine kinase isoenzymes as a possible aid in the diagnosis of myocardial disease. Creatine kinase was detected in all organs evaluated. In addition, 6 different fluorescing bands were detected by isoenzyme analysis. Large quantities of the same isoenzymes were in cardiac and skeletal muscle, but not in other organs. Creatine kinase isoenzyme analysis does not necessarily indicate cardiac damage, but may narrow the range of tissue damage possibilities to be included in the differential diagnosis.
Intestinal phospholipase B activity in pigs inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Authors: Goven Arthur J. , DeBuysscher Eduard V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intestinal phospholipase B activity in pigs inoculated with transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus was studied. Phospholipase activity was quantified by measuring the hydrolytic release of free fatty acids in homogenized intestinal tissue incubated with lysophosphatidylcholine. An increase in enzyme activity was observed in the cranial and caudal portions of the ileum and jejunum in pigs killed 3, 6, and 8 days after inoculation with tge virus. Seemingly, phospholipase B may be part of the host immune response against tge viral infection.
Radiotelemetric determination of gastrointestinal pH in four healthy Beagles
Authors: Youngberg Carole A. , Wlodyga John , Schmaltz Steven , Dressman Jennifer B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A radiotelemetric technique for monitoring canine gastrointestinal function with clinical and research applications is described. Continuous gastrointestinal pH profiles for base-line (fasted) and postprandial states were recorded for a 6-hour test period in 4 Beagles, using a radiotelemetric device (Heidelberg capsule).
Base-line gastric pH values were between 0.9 and 2.5 during the first 30 minutes, with a mean ± sem of 1.5 ± 0.04. Postprandial gastric pH values varied between 0.5 and 3.5 during the first 30 minutes, with a mean of 2.1 ± 0.04. Base-line duodenal pH values during the initial 5 minutes after gastric emptying varied from 4.5 to 7.5 with a mean of 6.1 ± 0.1, and for the initial 60-minute post-gastric emptying, pH ranged from 4.5 to greater than 8.0 (beyond capsule calibration limit) with a mean of 6.7 ± 0.05. The pH tended to increase linearly with time during the initial 60 minutes in the intestine. Mean gastric residence time of the capsule was 74 ± 26.5 minutes in the fasted state (range 0 to 240 minutes). Postprandially, the capsule remained in the stomach for the duration of the 6-hour observation period.
Comparison of coagulase test methods for identification of Staphylococcus intermedius from dogs
Authors: Cox Hollis Utah , Newman Susan S. , Roy Alma F. , Hoskins Johnny D. , Foil Carol S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs were tested for coagulase activity by 6 commercial methods and by conventional methods, using rabbit and dog plasma. When compared with the conventional tube method using rabbit plasma, none of the 6 commercial methods was suitable for identification of S intermedius, although the 6 tests performed well using strains of S aureus. Use of rabbit plasma identified more S intermedius isolates than did use of dog plasma.
Cyclopiazonic acid mycotoxicosis in the dog
Authors: Nuehring Leland P. , Rowland George N. , Harrison Lena R. , Cole Richard J. , Dorner Joe W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The subacute toxic effects of cyclopiazonic acid (cpa; given orally) were characterized in the dog (cpa was purified from cultures of Aspergillus flavus). Four groups of dogs were given cpa in gelatin capsules for 90 days at the following dosage levels: 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight; a 5th group was used as controls. All dogs administered the 0.5 and 1.0 mg of cpa/kg dosages and 1 dog given the 0.25 mg of cpa/kg dosage died or were humanely killed before the scheduled termination of the study. Clinical signs of intoxication appeared 2 to 44 days after dosing was started and consisted of anorexia and, in 1 to 2 days, vomiting, diarrhea, pyrexia, dehydration, weight loss, and cns depression. Grossly, the entire alimentary tract had diffuse hyperemia with focal areas of hemorrhage and ulceration. Other lesions were renal infarcts, necrotizing epididymitis, and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic lesions included ulceration, necrosis, vasculitis, lymphoid necrosis, karyomegaly in several organs, and decreased mitotic activity in intestinal crypt epithelium. Ulcerative and necrotic lesions were usually associated with vascular lesions. Clinical pathologic changes were leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
Effect of gastrin, histamine, serotonin, and adrenergic amines on gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in the dog
Authors: Strombeck Donald R. , Harrold Doris 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In nonrestrained dogs that had not been given chemicals and that were in the fasted and fed state, gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (gesp) was measured; results were compared with gesp induced in the same dogs by drugs that modified activity at cholinergic, adrenergic, histaminic, and gastrin receptors. Atropine reduced gesp from 38.5 ± 1.3 (mean ± se) and 55.5 ± 2.0 mm of Hg to 11.3 ± 2.0 and 14.5 ± 2.4 mm of Hg in fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Histamine induced phasic contractions that were not affected by anticholinergics or cimetidine. Iphenhydramine eliminated the phasic contractions and reduced gesp to 18.2 ± 3.9 mm of Hg. In fed dogs, diphenhydramine reduced gesp to 37.0 ± 2.5 mm of Hg, but cimetidine did not. Pentagastrin induced increases in gesp that were inversely related to basal gesp. Pentagastrin given during histamine infusion eliminated histamine-induced phasic contractions. In fed dogs, metoclopramide increased gesp from 48.8 ± 4.0 mm of Hg to 76.0 ± 4.0 mm of Hg; this increment was eliminated by diphenhydramine. Administration of atropine after metoclopramide reduced gesp the same as for dogs given atropine alone. An adrenergic amine with only α-adrenergic effects induced phasic contractions, and an adrenergic amine with only β-adrenergic effects reduced gesp. Blockers of α and β effects did not change gesp in fed dogs. Domperidone induced phasic contractions that were eliminated by feeding. Serotonin increased gesp. Canine gesp may be maintained in fed dogs by chemicals interacting with cholinergic, histaminic, gastrin, and serotonin receptors, but not by chemicals interacting with adrenergic receptors.
Effects of deficient and adequate dietary magnesium concentrations on body magnesium concentrations in wethers
Authors: Fisher D. D. , Wilson L. L. , Leach R. M. , Scholz R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of 2 dietary Mg concentrations (deficient and adequate: 0.04 and 0.12 g of Mg/100 g of dry matter, respectively) on body fluid and tissue Mg concentrations and performance of wether lambs were evaluated in a 28-day trial. Nine blood and 6 urine samples were collected from each wether. After 28 days, csf and wool samples were collected, and diet, body fluids, and tissues were analyzed for mineral concentration. Diet effects on serum and urine Mg concentrations were noticed after day 3 (P < 0.01; P < 0.05, respectively). Mean serum and urine Mg concentrations for 6 sampling periods were correlated (r = 0.83, P < 0.001; No. of samples = 12). The effect of dietary Mg on CSF Mg concentrations approached significance (P < 0.10). Effects of diet on cardiac muscle, liver, and 3rd metatarsal bone Mg contents or hematologic criteria were not observed.
Diet affected wool and kidney cortex Mg contents (P < 0.02). Individual mean 28-day serum Mg concentration was correlated with wool Mg content (r = 0.73, P < 0.05; n = 8) and with kidney cortex Mg content (r = 0.75, P < 0.05; n = 8). Wethers fed low Mg diet excreted less urine Ca (P < 0.001) and had slightly lower serum Ca and K values (P < 0.10) than did wethers fed high Mg. Significant differences in cardiac muscle, liver, spleen, or kidney cortex Ca contents were not observed. Wethers fed low Mg diet consumed less dry matter and gained less weight (P < 0.001) than did wethers fed high Mg diet. Body fluid and tissue macromineral concentrations of 1 wether with hypomagnesemic tetany are presented for prognostic and diagnostic purposes.
Effect of povidone, povidone-iodine, and iodide on locomotion (in vitro) of neutrophils from people, rats, dogs, and rabbits
Authors: Tvedten Harold W. , Till Gert O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of the antiseptic povidone-iodine (p-i) on neutrophil locomotion was tested in vitro. Neutrophil migration into Micropore filters was significantly stimulated by p-i at concentrations between 0.03% and 0.005%. At higher concentrations (≥ 0.05%), a dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophil migration could be observed which was due to cytotoxic effects of p-i as shown by pyknosis and cell lysis. To analyze these effects, 2 components of p-i (namely, povidone and iodide) were tested separately. In these tests, povidone induced a pronounced stimulation of neutrophil migration at concentrations similar to the stimulatory concentrations of p-i. Inhibition of neutrophil migration or cytotoxic effects of povidone was not observed, even when tested at high concentrations (5.0%). Iodide (as NaI or KI) was cytotoxic and strongly inhibited neutrophil migration when it was tested at concentrations greater than that likely to be present in the inhibitory concentrations of p-i. Stimulatory effects of iodide on neutrophil migration could not be observed when tested over a wide range of noncytotoxic concentrations. Free iodine was not tested, but was considered to be the toxic component by exclusion. The patterns of response were similar for neutrophils from the 4 species tested. Migration of rabbit neutrophils, however, was inconsistently and weakly stimulated by p-i or povidone. These data indicate that the widely used antiseptic p-i, depending on its concentration, can either stimulate or inhibit neutrophil migration.
Effects of heterologous antineutrophil antibody in the cat
Authors: Chickering William R. , Brown John , Prasse Keith W. , Dawe Donald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Rabbit anti-cat neutrophil serum was injected intraperitoneally into cats to study its effects on blood neutrophil numbers, on development of neutrophils in bone marrow, and on the fate of circulating and developing neutrophils. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in curves of blood neutrophil numbers between antineutrophil serum (ans)- and normal rabbit serum (nrs)-injected cats; neutrophil counts tended to decrease in ans-injected cats, whereas a transient increase in counts occurred in nrs-injected cats. Significant left shifts (P < 0.05) were present in ans-injected cats, but absent in nrs-injected cats. Toxic morphologic changes were noted in blood neutrophils in all ans-injected cats. Significant bone marrow changes (P < 0.05) occurred in ans-injected cats, but were absent in nrs-injected cats. Myelocyte percentages of the granulocyte marrow population increased during the time that segmented neutrophil percentages decreased. In ans-injected cats, the percentage of cells in the mitotic pool (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes) significantly increased (P < 0.05), with a corresponding significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the postmitotic pool (metamyelocytes, bands, segmented neutrophils). Aspirated bone marrow smears (Wright's stain) revealed marrow macrophages containing phagocytized neutrophil bands and segmented neutrophils. Sections of liver obtained after cats were necropsied revealed neutrophil phagocytosis by Kupffer's cells, but neutrophil phagocytosis was not demonstrated in other tissues examined.
Familial canine dermatomyositis: Clinicopathologic, immunologic, and serologic studies
Authors: Haupt Kirk H. , Prieur David J. , Hargis Ann M. , Cowell Rick L. , McDonald Thomas L. , Werner Linda L. , Evermann James F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Laboratory studies were performed on 3 Collies with familial canine dermatomyositis, 6 progeny from a breeding of 2 of the Collies (incross litter), and 4 progeny from the breeding of an affected Collie male and a normal Labrador Retriever (outcross litter). Hematologic abnormalities were leukogram changes consistent with inflammation, and, in 2 severely affected incross dogs, anemia of inflammatory disease. Serum muscle enzyme activities were not markedly increased. High concentrations of immune complexes and proportionally increased total immunoglobulin G were present in the sera of moderately and severely affected incross dogs. The same dogs had weakly positive direct Coombs' tests, and 1 affected outcross dog had a strongly positive direct Coombs' test. Rheumatoid factor was present in a severely affected in-cross dog. A few dogs had polyclonal globulin increases that were attributed to inflammation. Low antibody titers to canine calicivirus were present in 3 dogs and a low titer to canine coronavirus was present in 1 dog.
Effects of xylazine on the urethral pressure profile of healthy dogs
Authors: Richter Keith P. , Ling Gerald V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirteen healthy male dogs and 11 healthy female dogs were subjected to urodynamic assessment, using a simultaneous urethral pressure profile and urethral sphincter electromyogram (emg). The study was done on the dogs in the nonsedated state and after xylazine sedation. Results showed a significant decrease in maximal urethral closure pressures in dogs of both sexes after they were given xylazine (from 79.79 cm of H20 to 23.00 cm of H2O in female dogs, and from 99.77 cm of H2O to 41.77 cm of H2O in male dogs). There was a significant reduction in emg activities in dogs of both sexes after they were given xylazine. There was also little variability in measurements made on the same dog on consecutive days. Simultaneous intravesicular pressure and urethral pressure monitoring indicated that the effect of bladder distention on the urethral pressure profile was minimal and that there were no spontaneous detrusor contractions. This study indicates that xylazine produced a significant artifact in the simultaneous urethral pressure profile/emg.