bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1D Monoclinic IrxRu1‐xO2 Solid Solution with Ru‐Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Qin Keyang , Yu Hao , Zhu Wenxiang , Zhou Yunjie , Guo Zhiyong , Shao Qi , Wu Yangbo , Wang Xuepeng , Li Youyong , Ji Yujin , Liao Fan , Liu Yang , Kang Zhenhui , Shao Mingwang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rutile phase IrO2, as a promising catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), still falls short of satisfactory activity. Here, a novel 1D monoclinic phase iridium‐ruthenium oxide solid solution (m‐IrxRu1‐xO2) is reported. For m‐IrxRu1‐xO2 with different metal proportions, the optimal m‐Ir0.91Ru0.09O2‐δ catalyst exhibits excellent OER activity under acidic conditions with an overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm−2. As an anode catalyst in a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, m‐Ir0.91Ru0.09O2‐δ with a low catalyst loading (0.1 mg cm−2) can operate ≈256 h at 1.8 V with a high current density over 900 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Such a satisfied stability may have originated from the specific morphology and crystal structure, which is confirmed by the transient potential scanning test. Density functional theory calculations show that the Ru in the m‐IrxRu1‐xO2 facilitates decreasing the OER overpotentials due to the electron transfer from Ru to Ir.
Coordination of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Molecules for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chen Bo , Liu He , Yang Jonghee , Ahmadi Mahshid , Chen Qi , Yin Ni , Zhang Shitong , Xiao Meiqin , Zhang Haoyue , Xu Long , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe bandgap and operation stability of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have been compromised by the substantial surface defect densities in the matrix. Today's defect passivation strategies rely on coordination actions of small‐molecular and/or polymeric ligands, which effectively enhance the optical properties of materials. However, the non‐trivial insulating characteristics of the molecules concurrently sacrifice the operation stability and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the PeLEDs by augmenting the charge injection barrier at the interface. Herein, a coordinative, charge‐polarized organic semiconductor exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), namely 9,9‐dimethyl‐10‐(4‐(phenyl sulfonyl)phenyl)‐9,10‐dihydroacridine (SO‐DMAc) is coordinated, into the MHPs matrix for deep‐red PeLEDs. Owing to the distinctive charge transfer (CT) between the molecule and MHPs with exclusive coordination at the MHP's bottom, SO‐DMAc serves as a molecular bridge that significantly augments the hole injection into the PeLEDs. Encouraged by these improvements, efficient and stable deep red PeLEDs offering EQE of 21.8% and respective half lifetimes (T50) of luminance and EQE exceeding 6 and 35 h are demonstrated. It is revealed that the molecular coordination to the MHP surface is pivotal to manifesting the interfacial CT process for favorable energy level tuning.
Constructing Linear‐Oriented Pre‐Vascularized Human Spinal Cord Tissues for Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Fan Caixia , Cai Hui , Zhang Lulu , Wu Xianming , Yan Junyan , Jin Lifang , Hu Baowei , He Jiaxiong , Chen Yanyan , Zhao Yannan , Dai Jianwu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRepairing spinal cord injury (SCI) is a global medical challenge lacking effective clinical treatment. Developing human‐engineered spinal cord tissues that can replenish lost cells and restore a regenerative microenvironment offers promising potential for SCI therapy. However, creating vascularized human spinal cord‐like tissues (VSCT) that mimic the diverse cell types and longitudinal parallel structural features of spinal cord tissues remains a significant hurdle. In the present study, VSCTs are engineered using embryonic human spinal cord‐derived neural and endothelial cells on linear‐ordered collagen scaffolds (LOCS). Studies have shown that astrocytes and endothelial cells align along the scaffolds in VSCT, supporting axon extension from various human neurons myelinated by oligodendrocytes. After transplantation into SCI rats, VSCT survives at the injury sites and promotes endogenous neural regeneration and vascularization, ultimately reducing scarring and enhancing behavioral functional recovery. It suggests that pre‐vascularization of engineered spinal cord tissues is beneficial for SCI treatment and highlights the important role of exogenous endothelial cells in tissue engineering.
Biofabrication Strategies for Oral Soft Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Rahimnejad Maedeh , Makkar Hardik , Dal‐Fabbro Renan , Malda Jos , Sriram Gopu , Bottino Marco C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGingival recession, a prevalent condition affecting the gum tissues, is characterized by the exposure of tooth root surfaces due to the displacement of the gingival margin. This review explores conventional treatments, highlighting their limitations and the quest for innovative alternatives. Importantly, it emphasizes the critical considerations in gingival tissue engineering leveraging on cells, biomaterials, and signaling factors. Successful tissue‐engineered gingival constructs hinge on strategic choices such as cell sources, scaffold design, mechanical properties, and growth factor delivery. Unveiling advancements in recent biofabrication technologies like 3D bioprinting, electrospinning, and microfluidic organ‐on‐chip systems, this review elucidates their precise control over cell arrangement, biomaterials, and signaling cues. These technologies empower the recapitulation of microphysiological features, enabling the development of gingival constructs that closely emulate the anatomical, physiological, and functional characteristics of native gingival tissues. The review explores diverse engineering strategies aiming at the biofabrication of realistic tissue‐engineered gingival grafts. Further, the parallels between the skin and gingival tissues are highlighted, exploring the potential transfer of biofabrication approaches from skin tissue regeneration to gingival tissue engineering. To conclude, the exploration of innovative biofabrication technologies for gingival tissues and inspiration drawn from skin tissue engineering look forward to a transformative era in regenerative dentistry with improved clinical outcomes.
External Trigger Free Charge Switchable Cationic Ligands in the Design of Safe and Effective Universal Heparin Antidote
Authors: La Chanel C. , Smith Stephanie A. , Kalathottukaren Manu Thomas , Haynes Charles A. , Morrissey James H. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThrombosis, the formation of blood clots within a blood vessel, can lead to severe complications including pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, and stroke. The most widely administered class of anticoagulants is heparin‐based anticoagulants such as unfractionated heparin, low‐molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), and fondaparinux. Protamine is the only FDA‐approved heparin antidote. Protamine has limited efficacy neutralizing LMWHs and no reversal activity against fondaparinux. The use of protamine can lead to complications, including excessive bleeding, hypotension, and hypersensitivity, and has narrow therapeutic window. In this work, a new concept in the design of a universal heparin antidote: switchable protonation of cationic ligands, is presented. A library of macromolecular polyanion inhibitors (MPIs) is synthesized and screened to identify molecules that can neutralize all heparins with high selectivity and reduced toxicity. MPIs are developed by assembling cationic binding groups possessing switchable protonation states onto a polymer scaffold. By strategically selecting the identity and modulating the density of cationic binding groups on the polymer scaffold, a superior universal heparin reversal agent is developed with improved heparin‐binding activity and increased hemocompatibility profiles leading to minimal effect on hemostasis. The activity of this heparin antidote is demonstrated using in vitro and in vivo studies.
An Injectable Magnesium‐Based Cement Stimulated with NIR for Drug‐Controlled Release and Osteogenic Potential
Authors: Zhao Yanbin , Li Yangyang , Wang Bin , Yao Junyan , Fan Yue , He Peng , Bai Jing , Wang Cheng , Xue Feng , Chu Chenglin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMagnesium phosphate bone cement (MPC) has gained widespread usage in orthopedic implantation due to its fast‐setting and high initial strength benefits. However, the simultaneous attainment of drug‐controlled release and osteogenic potential in MPC remains a significant challenge. Herein, a strategy to create a smart injectable cement system using nanocontainers and chondroitin sulfate is proposed. It employs nanocontainers containing alendronate‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which are surface‐modified with polypyrrole to control drug release in response to near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation. The alendronate‐incorporated cement (ACMPC) exhibits improved compressive strength (70.6 ± 5.9 MPa), prolonged setting time (913 s), and exceptional injectability (96.5% of injection rate and 242 s of injection time). It also shows the capability to prevent degradation, thus preserving mechanical properties. Under NIR irradiation, the cement shows good antibacterial properties due to the combined impact of hyperthermia, reactive oxygen species, and alendronate. Furthermore, the ACMPC (NIR) group displays good biocompatibility and osteogenesis capabilities, which also lead to an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and the upregulation of osteogenic genes. This research has significant implications for developing multifunctional biomaterials and clinical applications.
3D Printing of Double Network Granular Elastomers with Locally Varying Mechanical Properties
Authors: Baur Eva , Tiberghien Benjamin , Amstad Esther 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFast advances in the design of soft actuators and robots demand for new soft materials whose mechanical properties can be changed over short length scales. Elastomers can be formulated as highly stretchable or rather stiff materials and hence, are attractive for these applications. They are most frequently cast such that their composition cannot be changed over short length scales. A method that allows to locally change the composition of elastomers on hundreds of micrometer lengths scales is direct ink writing (DIW). Unfortunately, in the absence of rheomodifiers, most elastomer precursors cannot be printed through DIW. Here, 3D printable double network granular elastomers (DNGEs) whose ultimate tensile strain and stiffness can be varied over an unprecedented range are introduced. The 3D printability of these materials is leveraged to produce an elastomer finger containing rigid bones that are surrounded by a soft skin. Similarly, the rheological properties of the microparticle‐based precursors are leveraged to cast elastomer slabs with locally varying stiffnesses that deform and twist in a predefined fashion. These DNGEs are foreseen to open up new avenues in the design of the next generation of smart wearables, strain sensors, prosthesis, soft actuators, and robots.
Degradation Mechanisms of Electrodes Promotes Direct Regeneration of Spent Li‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Jia Kai , Yang Guorui , He Yujia , Cao Zhenjiang , Gao Juntao , Zhao Hongyang , Piao Zhihong , Wang Junxiong , Abdelkader Amr M. , Liang Zheng , Kumar R. Vasant , Zhou Guangmin , Ding Shujiang , Xi Kai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth of electric vehicle use is expected to cause a significant environmental problem in the next few years due to the large number of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Recycling spent LIBs will not only alleviate the environmental problems but also address the challenge of limited natural resources shortages. While several hydro‐ and pyrometallurgical processes are developed for recycling different components of spent batteries, direct regeneration presents clear environmental, and economic advantages. The principle of the direct regeneration approach is restoring the electrochemical performance by healing the defective structure of the spent materials. Thus, the development of direct regeneration technology largely depends on the formation mechanism of defects in spent LIBs. This review systematically details the degradation mechanisms and types of defects found in diverse cathode materials, graphite anodes, and current collectors during the battery's lifecycle. Building on this understanding, principles and methodologies for directly rejuvenating materials within spent LIBs are outlined. Also the main challenges and solutions for the large‐scale direct regeneration of spent LIBs are proposed. Furthermore, this review aims to pave the way for the direct regeneration of materials in discarded lithium‐ion batteries by offering a theoretical foundation and practical guidance.
Enhanced Piezoelectricity of MAPbI3 by the Introduction of MXene and Its Utilization in Boosting High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Han Gaosi , Li Xiao‐Fen , Berbille Andy , Zhang Yueming , Luo Xiongxin , Liu Lindong , Li Longyi , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhu Laipan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, perovskite photodetectors (PDs) are risen to prominence due to substantial research interest. Beyond merely tweaking the composition of materials, a cutting‐edge advancement lies in leveraging the innate piezoelectric polarization properties of perovskites themselves. Here, the investigation shows utilizing Ti3C2Tx, a typical MXene, as an intermediate layer for significantly boosting the piezoelectric property of MAPbI3 thin films. This improvement is primarily attributed to the enhanced polarization of the methylammonium (MA+) groups within MAPbI3, induced by the OH groups present in Ti3C2Tx. A flexible PD based on the MAPbI3/MXene heterostructure is then fabricated. The new device is sensitive to a wide range of wavelengths, displays greatly enhanced performance owing to the piezo‐phototronic coupling. Moreover, the device is endowed with a greatly reduced response time, down to millisecond level, through the pyro‐phototronic effect. The characterization shows applying a −1.2% compressive strain on the PD leads to a remarkable 102% increase in the common photocurrent, and a 76% increase in the pyro‐phototronic current. The present work reveals how the emerging piezo‐phototronic and pyro‐phototronic effects can be employed to design high‐performance flexible perovskite PDs.
Red Carbon Mediated Formation of Cu2O Clusters Dispersed on the Oxocarbon Framework by Fehling's Route and their Use for the Nitrate Electroreduction in Acidic Conditions
Authors: Ba Jingwen , Dong Hongliang , Odziomek Mateusz , Lai Feili , Wang Rui , Han Yandong , Shu Jinfu , Antonietti Markus , Liu Tianxi , Yang Wensheng , Tian Zhihong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe oligomers of carbon suboxide, known as red carbon, exhibit a highly conjugated structure and semiconducting properties. Upon mild heat treatment, it transforms into a carbonaceous framework rich in oxygen surface terminations, called oxocarbon. In this study, the abundant oxygen functionalities are harnessed as anchors to create oxocarbon‐supported nanohybrid electrocatalysts. Starting with single atomic Cu (II) strongly coordinated to oxygen atoms on red carbon, the Fehling reaction leads to the formation of Cu2O clusters. Simultaneously, a covalent oxocarbon framework emerges via cross‐linking, providing robust support for Cu2O clusters. Notably, the oxocarbon support effectively stabilizes Cu2O clusters of very small size, ensuring their high durability in acidic conditions and the presence of ammonia. The synthesized material exhibits a superior electrocatalytic activity for nitrate reduction under acidic electrolyte conditions, with a high yield rate of ammonium (NH4+) at 3.31 mmol h−1 mgcat−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 92.5% at a potential of −0.4 V (vs RHE).
Stabilizing Ni2+ in Hollow Nano MOF/Polymetallic Phosphides Composites for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in 3D‐Printed Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhou Huijie , Gu Shunyu , Lu Yibo , Zhang Guangxun , Li Bing , Dou Fei , Cao Shuai , Li Qian , Sun Yangyang , Shakouri Mohsen , Pang Huan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymetallic phosphides exhibit favorable conductivities. A reasonable design of nano‐metal–organic frame (MOF) composite morphologies and in situ introduction of polymetallic phosphides into the framework can effectively improve electrolyte penetration and rapid electron transfer. To address existing challenges, Ni, with a strong coordination ability with N, is introduced to partially replace Co in nano‐Co–MOF composite. The hollow nanostructure is stabilized through CoNi bimetallic coordination and low‐temperature controllable polymetallic phosphide generation rate. The Ni, Co, and P atoms, generated during reduction, effectively enhance electron transfer rate within the framework. X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) characterization results further confirm the existence of Ni–N, Ni–Ni, and Co–Co structures in the nanocomposite. The changes in each component during the charge–discharge process of the electrochemical reactions are investigated using in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Theoretical calculations further confirm that P can effectively improve conductivity. VZNPGC//MXene MSCs, constructed with active materials derived from the hollow nano MOF composites synthesized through the Ni2+ stabilization strategy, demonstrate a specific capacitance of 1184 mF cm−2, along with an energy density of 236.75 µWh cm−2 (power density of 0.14 mW cm−2). This approach introduces a new direction for the synthesis of highly conductive nano‐MOF composites.
Reliability Engineering of High‐Mobility IGZO Transistors via Gate Insulator Heterostructures Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Kim Yoon‐Seo , Hwang Taewon , Oh Hye‐Jin , Park Joon Seok , Park Jin‐Seong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe reliability of oxide‐semiconductor (OS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) is significantly influenced by the gate insulator (GI). During electrical bias stress, the defect sites near the semiconductor/GI interface and/or within the GI may trap electrons, which makes the threshold voltage (Vth) shift toward positive values. On the other hand, carbon (C) or hydrogen (H) atoms may diffuse from the GI into the active layer, and act as shallow donors, which induce negative Vth shifts (ΔVth). In this paper, an in situ atomic layer deposition (ALD)‐based GI heterostructure is introduced, which consists of a stack of two complementary materials, namely Al2O3 and SiO2. Here, a competition occurs between electron trapping in Al2O3 (positive ΔVth) and carrier generation from H atoms in SiO2 (negative ΔVth) which allows the achievement of nearly zero ΔVth under positive bias temperature stress (PBTS). This strategy is successfully applied to a high‐mobility (>50 cm2 Vs−1) ALD‐based indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) device, resulting in a net ∆Vth of −0.02 V under PBTS and drain current variation (∆ID) of +0.49% under constant current stress (CCS). The application of an in situ ALD process thus offers valuable insights to resolve the mobility versus reliability trade‐off in high‐performance oxide TFTs.
Terahertz Sensing of Å‐scale Thin Dielectric Film Via Electron Tunnelling
Authors: Sebek Matej , Buchmann Tobias Olaf , Jepsen Peter Uhd , Lange Simon Jappe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrecise sensing of ultrathin dielectric films is paramount in various fields including nanoscale dielectric characterization, advanced material development, and quality control in microelectronics manufacturing. However, achieving this with conventional detection techniques within the terahertz (THz) frequency range has remained challenging due to their limited sensitivity and resolution. In this study, a novel approach is reported that utilizes Fowler‐Nordheim (FN) tunnelling at a metal‐dielectric junction, which drastically improves the sensitivity to changes in dielectric film thickness down to the Angstrom scale. Through a detailed analysis of both experimental and simulated data, it is demonstrated that the FN tunnelling‐based THz sensing technique exhibits exceptional sensitivity. This finding not only overcomes the limitations of traditional detection techniques, but also paves the way for novel ultrathin film sensing capabilities in the rapidly advancing field of THz technology.
A review of the interaction between potassium nutrition and plant disease control
Authors: Ortel C. C. , Roberts T. L. , Rupe J. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPotassium (K) is an essential macronutrient involved in many physiological and biochemical functions that affect a plant's susceptibility to disease. These processes include stomatal regulation, enzyme activation, and solute transport, each of which is often discussed through the lens of either plant nutrition or plant disease control. However, the interaction between these stresses and the resulting physiological and agronomic impact is an important consideration when managing a cropping system as a whole and is scarcely addressed in the literature. Therefore, a review of the literature was focused on the interaction of K nutrition and the resulting impact on plant disease control. Nutrient management, especially K, can manipulate these essential plant processes to provide the host plant with either an advantage or disadvantage in disease susceptibility, depending on the pathogen and the situation. Numerous studies have been conducted investigating the individual pathogen and host relationships, concluding that the majority of bacterial and fungal diseases decreased with increasing K nutrition, while viral diseases and nematode infections had inconsistent responses to K nutrition. These differences in the response of disease to K nutrition complicate generalizations across species and environments. Similarly, the impact of K on plant growth is affected by the concentration of each nutrient and its ratio with other nutrients. Therefore, a review of the major physiological processes that depend on plant K nutrition is discussed below with the resulting impact on plant disease control.
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein in the visual and language variants of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sintini Irene , Singh Neha Atulkumar , Li Danni , Mielke Michelle M. , Machulda Mary M. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val J. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Josephs Keith A. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in plasma is a proxy for astrocytic activity and is elevated in amyloid‐β (Aβ)‐positive individuals, making GFAP a potential blood‐based biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSWe assessed plasma GFAP in 72 Aβ‐positive participants diagnosed with the visual or language variant of AD who underwent Aβ‐ and tau‐PET. Fifty‐nine participants had follow‐up imaging. Linear regression was applied on GFAP and imaging quantities.RESULTSGFAP did not correlate with Aβ‐ or tau‐PET cross‐sectionally. There was a limited positive correlation between GFAP and rates of tau accumulation, particularly in the language variant of AD, although associations were weaker after removing one outlier patient with the highest GFAP level.DISCUSSIONAmong Aβ‐positive AD participants with atypical presentations, plasma GFAP did not correlate with levels of AD pathology on PET, suggesting that the associations between GFAP and AD pathology might plateau during the advanced phase of the disease.