bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a patient‐controlled analgesia multimedia intervention for improving analgesia quality
Authors: Yeh Mei‐Ling , Yang Hui‐Ju , Chen Hsing‐Hsia , Tsou Mei‐Yung 
Published: February 2007

Aim.  To evaluate the effects of analgesia quality provided by a patient‐controlled analgesia multimedia intervention on the pain management of postsurgical patients in Taiwan.Background.  The concept of patient‐controlled analgesia has become the mainstream pain treatment method because of its characteristic of instant self‐administering medication. It is an important mission of nursing professionals to communicate effective and correct knowledge of patient‐controlled analgesia on how to relieve pain and improve quality of care.Design.  A quasi‐experiment research design was used for this study. Sixty subjects recruited from a medical teaching centre of Taiwan were assigned into either the experimental (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). The experimental group received the patient‐controlled analgesia multimedia intervention. The control group only received one‐on‐one patient education of routine nursing guide and pain management with pamphlet. The pain cognition and American Pain Society patient outcome questionnaires were used as measures of effects for the interventions.Results.  The results showed the experimental group, compared with the control group, had significant improvement in pain cognition and analgesia quality. There is significant correlation between pain cognition and analgesia quality.Conclusions.  After intervening, the patients approved of the patient‐controlled analgesia multimedia intervention and affirmed the value of early acquisition of such information to their postsurgical treatments and recoveries. The higher the pain cognition patients obtained, the better the analgesia quality patients had.Relevance to clinical practice.  Applying the patient‐controlled analgesia multimedia intervention for surgical patients to improve pain cognition, the utility of patient‐controlled analgesia, pain relief and patient satisfaction is recommended.
Influence of economic and demographic factors on quality of life in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Chisholm Marie A. , Spivey Christina A. , Nus Audrey Van 
Published: February 2007

Abstract:  Background:  The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of annual income, Medicare status, and demographic variables on the health‐related quality of life (HQoL) of renal transplant recipients.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey was mailed to 146 Georgia renal transplant recipients who had functional grafts. Data were collected using the SF‐12 Health Survey (version 2), a demographics survey, and 2003 tax documents. One‐way ANOVAs and Pearson's R correlations were used to examine relationships between annual income, Medicare status, demographic variables and SF‐12 scores. Significant variables were included in stepwise multiple regression analyses.Results:  Data from 130 participants (89% response rate) were collected. Recipients with no Medicare coverage had significantly higher scores on the Physical Functioning and Role Physical SF‐12 scales (p = 0.005) compared to recipients with Medicare. Annual income was positively correlated with General Health (p < 0.05). Age and race were significant predictors of Vitality (p = 0.004) and Physical Component Summary (p < 0.001) scores. Age, race, and Medicare status were significant predictors of Physical Functioning and Role Physical scores (p < 0.001). Age, annual income, race, and years post‐transplant were significant predictors of General Health score (p < 0.001). Age was the sole predictor of Bodily Pain score (p = 0.002), and marital status was the sole predictor of Social Functioning score (p = 0.005).Conclusions:  Interventions designed to offset financial barriers may be needed to bolster renal transplant recipients’ HQoL.
Shuttling Goods, Weaving Consumer Tastes: Informal Trade between Turkey and Russia
Authors: YÜKSEKER DENIZ 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn ‘top down’ conceptualizations of globalization, people often enter the analytical picture merely as resisters to globalization or as receivers of corporate produced goods, messages and ideas. This article, in contrast, focuses on a process in which ‘ordinary’ people are the active makers of global processes and meanings. I describe the transnational trade network between post‐Soviet countries and Turkey, in which Western fashions and images get circulated and transformed through the activities of informal entrepreneurs. I thus challenge accounts of globalization in which the dissemination of images is depicted as a top down process originating in corporations located in metropolitan countries. Based on ethnographic evidence collected in Istanbul and Moscow on the informal ‘shuttle trade’, I demonstrate that the mobility of ‘ordinary’ people across borders facilitates the flows of signs and images. Moreover, Western images and fashions get remoulded and acquire new meanings in the process of circulation.
Improvement of the comprehension of written information given to healthy volunteers in biomedical research: a single‐blind randomized controlled study
Authors: Paris Adeline , Nogueira da Gama Chaves Daniel , Cornu Catherine , Maison Patrick , Salvat‐Mélis Muriel , Ribuot Christophe , Brandt Christian , Bosson Jean‐Luc , Hommel Marc , Cracowski Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWriting an informed consent form (ICF) for biomedical research is a difficult task. We conducted a multicenter single‐blind randomized controlled trial to identify whether a working group or the systematic improvement in lexico‐syntactic readability or an association of the two could increase the comprehension of the written information given to healthy volunteers enrolled in biomedical research. Participants were randomized to read one of four versions of the ICF: unchanged ICF (A), ICF with systematic lexico‐syntactic readability improvement (B), ICF modified by a working group (C), and ICF modified by the working group followed by systematic lexico‐syntactic improvement (D). The primary end‐point was the objective comprehension score at day 0 for each study group. The scores of objective comprehension at day 0 were statistically different between the four study groups (anovaP = 0.020). The pairwise analysis showed an improvement in the working group vs. the unchanged group (P = 0.003), and a tendency to improvement in the group who read the ICF modified using lexico‐syntactic readability and in the group who read the ICF modified using the two methods (P = 0.020 and 0.027 respectively). We conducted a two‐way anova to identify some characteristics of the population which could explain this score. There was a significant interaction between the type of informed consent document (ICD) and the gender. Improving the ICD in phase I biomedical research leads to better comprehension, whether the method used is systematic lexico‐syntactic improvement or a review by a working group. The improvement is specifically observed in men compared with women. Conversely, while both methods diverge in their effect on lexico‐syntactic readability, their association is not mandatory. We suggest that in all phase I clinical trials, the ICF be improved by either method.
Is Age Associated with the Number or Types of Medications Prescribed to Renal Transplant Recipients?
Authors: Chisholm Marie A. , Melroy Joel , Johnson Maribeth , Mulloy Laura L. , Spivey Christina A. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether age influences the number or types of medications prescribed to younger (aged 18–64) and elderly (aged ≥65) renal transplant recipients 3 years posttransplant.DESIGN: A cross‐sectional study involving renal transplant recipients.SETTING: Medical College of Georgia.PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 100 elderly and 100 younger renal transplant recipients who received posttransplant care at the Medical College of Georgia, were on stable immunosuppressant therapy regimens, and were at least 3 years posttransplant.MEASUREMENTS: Medical and pharmacy data of recipients were evaluated for demographics; presence of a lipid‐lowering agent; number of antihypertensives, immunosuppressants, antidiabetic agents, and total medications; number of rejections; dose per kilogram of immunosuppressant(s); infection‐related hospitalizations; and measures of blood pressure, blood glucose, serum creatinine, serum tacrolimus/cyclosporine concentrations, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.RESULTS: Elderly recipients were more likely to have diabetes mellitus before the transplant and to develop diabetes mellitus afterwards (P=.04) and were prescribed more total medications (12.40±3.72 vs 10.25±4.07, P<.001) and antidiabetic agents (0.89±0.93 vs 0.42±0.77, P<.001) 3 years posttransplant than younger recipients. Elderly recipients also had fewer chronic rejections, more infection‐related hospitalizations, lower diastolic blood pressure, and greater fasting blood glucose levels 3 years posttransplant (P<.05) than younger recipients.CONCLUSION: Future investigation should focus on deciphering the implications of the greater numbers of medications prescribed to elderly renal transplant recipients in terms of maximizing desired health outcomes (e.g., graft survival) and minimizing adverse drug‐related experiences (e.g., infection).
Consequences of an Intervention to Reduce Restrictive Side Rail Use in Nursing Homes
Authors: Capezuti Elizabeth , Wagner Laura M. , Brush Barbara L. , Boltz Marie , Renz Susan , Talerico Karen A. 
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of an advanced practice nurse (APN) intervention on restrictive side rail usage in four nursing homes and with a sample of 251 residents. A secondary question explored the association between restrictive side rail reduction and bed‐related falls.DESIGN: Pre‐ and posttest design.SETTING: Four urban nursing homes.PARTICIPANTS: All nursing home residents present in the nursing home at three time points (n=710, 719, and 707) and a subset of residents (n=251) with restrictive side rail use at baseline.INTERVENTION: APN consultation with individual residents and facility‐wide education and consultation.MEASUREMENTS: Direct observation of side rail status, resident and nurse interview for functional status, mobility, cognition, behavioral symptoms, medical record review for demographics and treatment information, and incident reports for fall data.RESULTS: At the institutional level, one of the four nursing homes significantly reduced restrictive side rail use (P=.01). At the individual participant level, 51.4% (n=130) reduced restrictive side rail use. For the group that reduced restrictive side rails, there was a significantly (P<.001) reduced fall rate (−0.053; 95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.083 to −0.024), whereas the group that continued restrictive side rail did not demonstrate a significantly (P=.17) reduced fall rate (−0.013; 95% CI=−0.056–0.030).CONCLUSION: An APN consultation model can safely reduce side rail use. Restrictive side rail reduction does not lead to an increase in bed‐related falls. Although side rails serve many purposes, routine use of these devices to restrict voluntary movement and prevent falls is not supported.
Ventricular Function and Long‐Term Pacing in Children with Congenital Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: KIM JEFFREY J. , FRIEDMAN RICHARD A. , EIDEM BENJAMIN W. , CANNON BRYAN C. , ARORA GAURAV , SMITH E. O'BRIAN , FENRICH ARNOLD L. , KERTESZ NAOMI J. 
Published: February 2007

Objective: To determine the sequela of right ventricular pacing in children with congenital complete atrioventricular block. Background: Pacing is a well‐accepted therapy for patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block. The long‐term sequela of right ventricular pacing in this population has not been well described. Methods: We performed a cohort study on all patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block who underwent pacemaker implantation at our institution from 1972 to 2004. Patients with associated congenital heart disease or ventricular dysfunction prior to pacemaker implantation were excluded. Results: A total of 63 patients were included in the study. The median age at pacemaker implantation was 6.5 years, with an average follow‐up of 9.9 years. The cumulative dysfunction free survival at 20 years was 92%. In total, four patients (6%) were noted to develop LV dysfunction an average of 15.1 years after pacemaker implantation. Of 30 patients who were paced for >10 years, only three (10%) developed echocardiographic evidence of LV dysfunction. Right ventricular apex pacing and prolonged QRS duration were found to be predictive of decreased long‐term LV systolic function (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block is a rare finding, even in those who have been paced for more than 10 years. Right ventricular apex pacing and prolonged QRS duration may be associated with decreased ventricular function over time. At this time, with such a low incidence of cardiac dysfunction, right ventricular pacing should be considered an acceptable first‐line therapy in this population.
Incidence and Time Course of Early Recovery of Pulmonary Vein Conduction after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: CHEEMA AAMIR , DONG JUN , DALAL DARSHAN , MARINE JOSEPH E. , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , SPRAGG DAVID , CHENG ALAN , NAZARIAN SAMAN , BILCHICK KENNETH , SINHA SUNIL , SCHERR DANIEL , ALMASRY IBRAHIM , HALPERIN HENRY , BERGER RONALD , CALKINS HUGH 
Published: February 2007

Background: Although it is well recognized that recovery of pulmonary vein (PV) conduction is common among patients who fail atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, little is known about the precise time course of recurrence. Objective: To determine the incidence and time course of early recurrence of conduction after PV isolation during AF ablation. Methods: The patient population was composed of 14 consecutive patients (9 men [64%]; age 56 ± 7 years) with AF who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation via circumferential ablation with PV isolation, determined by a circular mapping catheter. After successful isolation of the PVs, repeat circular electrode recordings from each PV were obtained at 30 and 60 minutes.
Results:
After complete isolation of all PVs, early PV recurrence was observed in 13 (93%) patients and 26 veins (50%). Seventeen veins (33%) showed a first recurrence at 30 minutes, while nine veins (17%) showed a first recurrence at 60 minutes. Conclusion: The results reveal an extremely high rate of early recurrence of PV conduction following AF ablation. It is particularly notable that about one‐fifth of the veins remained isolated at 30 minutes, but subsequently developed recurrence between 30 and 60 minutes. Of the veins that showed early recurrence, one‐third developed a first recurrence at 60 minutes. These findings suggest that AF ablation procedures should incorporate a 60‐minute waiting period after initial isolation in order to detect early recurrence of conduction.
Surface Electrocardiographic Patterns and Electrophysiologic Characteristics of Atrial Flutter Following Modified Radiofrequency MAZE Procedures
Authors: AKAR JOSEPH G. , AL‐CHEKAKIE M. OBADAH , HAI AFROZ , BRYSIEWICZ NEIL , PORTER MICHAEL , VARMA NIRAJ , SANTUCCI PETER , WILBER DAVID J. 
Published: February 2007

Introduction: The radiofrequency MAZE is becoming a common adjunct to cardiac surgery in patients with atrial fibrillation. While a variety of postoperative arrhythmias have been described following the original Cox‐MAZE III procedure, the electrophysiological characteristics and surgical substrate of post‐radiofrequency MAZE flutter have not been correlated. We sought to determine the location, ECG patterns, and electrophysiological characteristics of post‐radiofrequency MAZE atrial flutter. Methods: Nine consecutive patients with post‐radiofrequency MAZE flutter presented for catheter ablation 9 ± 10 months after surgery. Results: Only one patient (11%) had an ECG appearance consistent with typical isthmus‐dependent right atrial (RA) flutter. However, on electrophysiological study, 3/9 patients (33%) had typical right counter‐clockwise flutter entrained from the cavo‐tricuspid isthmus, despite description of surgical isthmus ablation. Six patients (67%) had left atrial (LA) circuits. These involved the mitral annulus in 5/6 cases (83%) despite description of surgical mitral isthmus ablation in the majority (60%). LA flutters had a shorter cycle length compared with RA flutters (253 ± 39 msec and 332 ± 63 msec respectively, P < 0.05). After a mean of 8 ± 4 months following ablation, 8/9 patients (89%) were in sinus rhythm. Conclusion: Up to one‐third of post‐radiofrequency MAZE circuits are typical isthmus‐dependent RA flutters, despite a highly atypical surface ECG morphology. Therefore, diagnostic electrophysiological studies should commence with entrainment at the cavo‐tricuspid isthmus in order to exclude typical flutter, regardless of the surface ECG appearance. Incomplete surgical lesions at the mitral and cavo‐tricuspid isthmus likely predispose to the development of post‐radiofrequency MAZE flutter.
Impact of Catheter Ablation of the Coronary Sinus on Paroxysmal or Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: HAÏSSAGUERRE MICHEL , HOCINI MÉLÈZE , TAKAHASHI YOSHIHIDE , O'NEILL MARK D. , PERNAT ANDREJ , SANDERS PRASHANTHAN , JONSSON ANDERS , ROTTER MARTIN , SACHER FREDERIC , ROSTOCK THOMAS , MATSUO SEIICHIRO , ARANTÉS LEONARDO , TENG LIM KANG , KNECHT SÉBASTIEN , BORDACHAR PIERRE , LABORDERIE JULIEN , JAÏS PIERRE , KLEIN GEORGE , CLÉMENTY JACQUES 
Published: February 2007

Objectives: This study evaluated the impact of catheter ablation of the coronary sinus (CS) region during paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Background: The CS musculature and connections have been implicated in the genesis of atrial arrhythmias. Methods: Forty‐five patients undergoing catheter ablation of AF were studied. The CS was targeted if AF persisted after ablation of pulmonary veins and selected left atrial tissue. CS ablation was commenced endocardially by dragging along the inferior paramitral left atrium. Ablation was continued from within the vessel (epicardial) if CS electrograms had cycle lengths shorter than that of the left atrial appendage.RF energy was limited to 35 W endocardially and 25 W epicardially. The impact of ablation was evaluated on CS electrogram cycle length (CSCL) and activation sequence, atrial fibrillatory cycle length measured in the left atrial appendage (AFCL) and on perpetuation of AF. Results: Endocardial ablation significantly prolonged CSCL by 17 ± 5 msec and organized the CS activation sequence (from 13% of patients before to 51% after ablation); subsequent epicardial ablation further increased local CSCL by 32 ± 27 msec (P < 0.001). AFCL prolonged significantly both during endocardial and epicardial ablation (median: 152 to 167 msec P = 0.03) and was associated with AF termination in 16 (35%) patients (46% of paroxysmal and 30% of persistent AF). AFCL prolongation ≥5 msec and/or AF termination was associated with more rapid activity in the CS region originally: P ≤ 0.04. Conclusion: Catheter ablation targeting both the endocardial and epicardial aspects of the CS region significantly prolongs fibrillatory cycle length and terminates AF persisting after PV isolation in 35% of patients.
Properties of Gold Doped MOS Structures
Authors: Cagnina S. F. , Snow E. H. 
Published: February 2007

The theoretical capacitance‐voltage characteristics of gold‐doped metaloxide‐silicon structures have been calculated and compared with experiment for both the high and the low frequency cases. It is found that gold diffused from the back side causes a negative interface charge

Q

Au

in addition to the usual positive

Q

ss

. Evidence is presented to show that the gold responsible for

Q

Au

is located in the silicon very near the oxide silicon interface. Gold diffused from the top side (through the oxide) results in a positive

Q

Au

indicating that gold in the oxide near the interface is positively charged. Temperature‐bias tests showed that

Q

Au

was stable under conditions which mobile alkali ions such as sodium drift rapidly. In addition, an MOS capacitancevoltage method is described for determining diffusion coefficients and solid solubilities in the oxide layer. Values of

D
≅
3
×

10

−
3

µ

2

/
hr

and

N
≅
3
×

10

18

cm

−
3

were obtained for gold in

SiO

2

at 1100°C.
Galvanic Behavior in Fused Electrolytes: III . Potentials of Calcium, Magnesium, and Nickel in
LiCl‐KCl‐K2CrO4

and
NaCl‐KCl‐K2CrO4
Authors: Selis Sidney M. , McGinnis Laurence P. 
Published: February 2007

Referred to

Ag
/
LiCl

(
or NaCl
)
‐
KCl
‐
AgCl

(
N
=
0.100
)

, the oxidation potential of calcium at 700°C is −1.72 v in

LiCl
‐
KCl
‐

K

2

CrO

4

and −0.41 v in

NaCl
‐
KCl
‐

K

2

CrO

4

. The lesser polarization in the lithium electrolyte is due to the formation in situ of a semiliquid electrode surface and is not due to the inherent chemical nature of lithium. The polarization in the sodium electrolyte is ascribed to a film which may be a chromite. Such a film is apparently not adherent in the case of magnesium or nickel for these metals are much less polarized in the sodium electrolyte than is calcium.
Impedance and Polarization Measurements in Fused Lithium Chloride‐Potassium Chloride
Authors: Laitinen H. A. , Gaur H. C. 
Published: February 2007

Impedance measurements with a platinum microelectrode in fused eutectic mixture of potassium chloride (41 mole %) and lithium chloride (59 mole %) are described. The residual resistance and capacitance showed frequency dispersion; probable causes are discussed.
Most of the metal ions showed a tendency for “predeposition.” The faradaic admittance in the reduction of Pb++, Co++, Ni++, Zn++, and Cd++ ions had a phase angle of the combination greater than 45°, which has been ascribed to the adsorption of metal ions on the electrode surface. After application of an empirical correction for this effect, the faradaic admittance became normal and was used to calculate the rate constants for the above processes.
The current‐potential curves showing the polarization behavior in the vicinity of equilibrium potential are described. By a curve fitting method the values of α, the transfer coefficient for the cathodic process, and

i

o

, the exchange current, are computed. These values of

i

o

are, however, much lower than those calculated by using the rate constants obtained from impedance measurements.