bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A realization method of cyclic filter banks
Authors: Itami Fumio , Watanabe Eiji , Nishihara Akinori 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn recent years theories on filter banks (cyclic filter banks) in cyclic LTI systems have been proposed. Not only are cyclic filter banks that use cyclic convolution suitable for processes such as picture signals (finite signals), the design of cyclic filter banks is also limited to specific discrete frequency points. Consequently, there are advantages such as greater freedom of design compared to filter banks (noncyclic filter banks) in noncyclic LTI systems which use conventional linear convolution. Definite design methods have been given which realize a two‐partition construction as a cyclic filter bank with linear phase characteristics and orthogonality at the same time not possible in conventional noncyclic filter banks up to the present. Other than this, there have been no discussions on multipartition construction utilizing, for example, a modulated structure, methods that utilize various other advantages which can obtain a cyclic LTI system, or discussions on problems which can be solved by these. Based on this, we propose one method to achieve a cyclic filter bank in this paper. We propose a configuration that uses DFT modulation. To start with, we lead with polyphase expressions of cyclic filter banks that use DFT modulation and then present complete reconstruction conditions. We subsequently mention that the complete reconstruction conditions are given as a linear equation whose synthesized coefficients are unknown parameters by means of using a resolution given beforehand. Next, we examine the essential properties of a cyclic LTI system and then describe the advantages of this configuration method obtained by means of using these properties. Finally, we provide a design example of the proposed cyclic filter bank and show that a cyclic filter bank can be configured with DFT modulation. In addition, we mention the combined effects when dividing and synthesizing image signals based on applying this method to image compression applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(5): 9– 18, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20070
Study of degradation by heat and heat‐resistance property in electret condenser microphone
Authors: Yasuno Yoshinobu , Riko Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper describes improvement of the heat resistance of a fixed electrode electret microphone for mobile equipment. First, hypotheses are presented on the cause of the thermal degradation and the corresponding charge behavior in the fixed electrode electret microphone and a model of the internal electric field is formed. The validity of the model is investigated by the thermal stimulated current (TSC) method. Next, the lifetime of the microphone is estimated by reference to the isothermal charge decay test (ICD method) in addition to the hypotheses. As a model, the charges are assumed to be shifted in the direction of greater depth with reduction of the surface potential. This phenomenon is accelerated by heat. The magnitude of the degradation depends on the process used for fabrication of the electret forming film. However, there is sufficient lifetime margin at room temperature. By applying this margin, the environmental characteristic may be improved if the charges are shifted to the interior or injected deeply to avoid the causes of degradation. As an example, for a general‐purpose FEP film with a thickness of 12.5 µm, it is estimated that a lifetime of 1000 hours at 100 °C can be guaranteed by deep injection at depths up to about 8 µm from the electret surface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(5): 1– 8, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20283
Representation method for cracks on drying 3D solid by physical model
Authors: Aoki Kimiya , Dong Ngo Hai , Kaneko Toyohisa 
Published: January 2007

AbstractConstructing a method for representing natural objects and natural phenomena is one of the important topics of research in the field of computer graphics. In the current research, the authors propose a method of realistically representing cracks that occur in 3D objects in computer graphics. Cracking is a familiar natural phenomenon that is seen on mud walls, the surface of rice fields, ceramics, and the bark of trees. The objective of the current research is to reproduce the cracking that occurs when an object that consists of mud or clay shrinks when it dries out. To represent cracking in computer graphics, rules based on observation or approaches based on simple physical models have been considered. However, the current research uses a method based on a physical model since changes in the material properties, environment, or external forces can easily be represented. Specifically, by introducing a spring network model to represent the shrinking, elasticity, and pliability of the clay and a moisture content model to represent the moisture movement within the object due to drying and integrating these two models, the authors simulate a mechanism for generating cracks due to drying. They also investigate a method of measuring the physical parameters that are used based on the moisture content. Finally, they performed experiments for 3D objects having various shapes to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(5): 50– 59, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20317
Proposal of the LMedS Hough transform
Authors: Kato Kunihito , Koshimizu Hiroyasu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPattern extraction based on the Hough transform has the excellent property that it is robust to noise and also to the occlusions in the image pattern. On the other hand, the Hough transform has an important problem as regards accuracy due to its discrete representation, which has long been discussed. This paper proposes the LMedS Hough transform, a new algorithm which uses a robust statistic as the criterion for the likelihood of the straight line. The method is not constrained by the majority principle of the conventional Hough transform, and it provides a possibility of pattern detection which differs from the Hough transform considered up to the present. It is noted that the LMedS Hough transform retains the characteristics of the conventional Hough transform, such as its global property. This paper describes the basic principles and details of the proposed algorithm and analyzes its performance from the theoretical and experimental viewpoints. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(5): 31– 39, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20320
Investigation of spatial profile control of electron density in the rectangular‐type surface wave plasma apparatus with multiple dielectric windows
Authors: Toba Takayuki , Itagaki Toshifumi , Katsurai Makoto 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA surface wave plasma (SWP) processing apparatus has been permitted to generate high‐density and uniform plasmas via a 2.45‐GHz microwave without external magnetic fields. To enlarge the processing area of the SWP apparatus, a special configuration was investigated for a rectangular‐type surface wave plasma apparatus that is equipped with multiple dielectric windows. The experimental investigation of the discharge characteristics of this apparatus with four windows (each 10 cm by 10 cm) has been carried out. To improve electron density uniformity, two methods have been surveyed. One is to insert quartz plates in grooves between metallic window frames of the chamber to make the boundary surface between plasma flat, and the other is to place parallel conductor plates on the window surface. The combination of these methods permits the reduction of nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of the electron density to less than ±6%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(4): 1– 10, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20443
An experimental study of lightning overvoltages in wind turbine generation systems using a reduced‐size model
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuo , Noda Taku , Yokoyama Shigeru , Ametani Akihiro 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWind turbine generation systems are built at locations where few tall structures are found nearby so as to obtain good wind conditions, and thus, they are often struck by lightning. To promote wind power generation, lightning‐protection methodologies for such wind turbine generation systems have to be established. This paper presents the result of an experimental study of lightning overvoltages in wind turbine generation systems using a reduced‐size wind turbine model. Overvoltages observed at wavefronts of lightning surges are focused on in this study. In the experiments, lightning strokes to one of the blades and to the nacelle were considered, and voltages and currents at various positions of the wind turbine model were measured. The following points have been deduced from the results: (i) The voltage rise due to the tower footing resistance can cause a significant voltage difference between the tower foot and an incoming conductor led from a distant point. Also, a voltage difference between the bottom of down conductors installed inside the tower and an incoming conductor can be of significance. (ii) The lightning current flowing through the tower body induces voltages in main and control circuits which form loops, and the induced voltages can cause overvoltages and malfunctions. (iii) Traveling‐wave phenomena in a wind turbine generation system for a lightning strike to the tip of a blade and to the nacelle have been clarified from the measured waveforms. This information can be used for developing an EMTP simulation model of wind turbine generation systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(4): 22– 30, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20466
Performance analysis of megahertz‐band transformer taking account of displacement current
Authors: Mitsutake Yoshio , Hirata Katsuhiro , Niwa Kota , Ishihara Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn designing power electronics devices, it is very important to have accurate waveforms of input/output voltage and current in order to estimate the efficiency and the power factor. Therefore, it is useful to study the effective dynamic analysis method through a numerical approach. In these computations, the displacement current is ignored because the frequency range is lower than the megahertz range, and the necessity of taking into account the displacement current is thought to be uncertain when the transformer is operated at a frequency exceeding 1 MHz. This paper describes the effect of the displacement current on dynamic performances of a megahertz‐band transformer. It is found that the influence of displacement current on output power is about 2% based on the results of computation, and becomes stronger as the frequency increases. The validity of the computation is verified through a comparison with the measured results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 158(4): 60–67, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20490
Spectroelectroanalytical Properties of Antitumor Agent C‐1311
Authors: Nowicka Anna M. , Zabost Ewelina , Donten Mikolaj , Mazerska Zofia , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNormal pulse‐, square wave‐, differential pulse‐ and cyclic voltammetries were used in electroanalytical characterization of C‐1311, an antitumor drug that undergoes the phase‐II of clinical trials. The results obtained give a possibility of electrochemical investigation of the interactions between the drug and double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Spectroelectrochemical investigations (in situ UV‐vis) revealed that unusual oscillations of the C‐1311 absorbance appear after cyclic polarization of the transparent electrodes in moderate pH. The oscillations disappear in the presence of dsDNA (C‐1311 binds to dsDNA).
Detection of Human Interleukine‐2 Gene Using a Label‐Free Electrochemical DNA Hybridization Biosensor on the Basis of a Non‐Inosine Substituted Probe
Authors: Pournaghi‐Azar Mohammad Hossein , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid , Alipour Esmaeel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe human interleukine‐2 gene (hIL‐2) is detected with a label‐free DNA hybridization biosensor using a non‐inosine substituted probe. The sensor relies on the immobilization of a 20‐mer antisense single strand oligonucleotide (chIL‐2) related to the human interleukine‐2 gene on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) as a probe. The guanine oxidation signal was monitored using anodic differential pulse voltammetry (ADPV). The electrochemical pretreatment of the polished PGE at 1.80 V for 5 min is suggested. Then, 5 min immobilization at 0.50 V was found as the optimum condition for immobilization of the probe. The electrochemical detection of hybridization between chIL‐2 and hIL‐2 as a target was accomplished. The selectivity of the biosensor was studied using noncomplementary oligonucleotides. Diagnostic performance of the biosensor is described and the detection limit is found 36 pg/μL.
Symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in first‐time expectant women: Relations with parenting cognitions and behaviors
Authors: Ninowski Jerilyn E. , Mash Eric J. , Benzies Karen M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe relationship between maternal symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and parenting cognitions and behaviors was studied in 86 first‐time expectant women. Women high on ADHD symptoms were less likely to be married, less likely to have obtained at least some university education, and less likely to report that they wanted to get pregnant at the time they became pregnant. As predicted, ADHD symptoms were positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and predicted less positive prenatal expectations regarding the infant and the future maternal role and lower maternal self‐efficacy. Contrary to predictions, ADHD did not predict any incremental variance in maternal stressful life events or social support. Symptoms of ADHD were negatively correlated with attendance at recommended prenatal checkups, but were unrelated to other behaviors during pregnancy. Findings suggest that even prior to any contact with their infant, women with ADHD symptoms have maladaptive cognitions regarding their expectations of motherhood and parenting abilities. As a result, they may benefit from early interventions that focus on attenuating the potential negative effects that these maladaptive cognitions might have on the mother‐infant relationship and later developmental outcomes for their children.
Effects of sample shape on the strain localization of water‐saturated clay
Authors: Kodaka Takeshi , Higo Yosuke , Kimoto Sayuri , Oka Fusao 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStrain localization is an important geotechnical problem related to large deformations and the onset of failure, such as slope failure. It is necessary, therefore, to clarify the mechanisms of the strain localization of geomaterials in order to predict large deformations of the ground. For the last two decades, many researchers have studied the strain localization of geomaterials through both experimental and numerical works. Most of the works, however, particularly the numerical studies, have been treated as two‐dimensional plane strain problems for the sake of simplicity, even though the actual phenomena are generally three dimensional.In order to understand the deformation, the failure, and the strain localization of clay under three‐dimensional conditions, triaxial tests on clay and their numerical simulation are performed in the present study. In particular, focus is mainly placed on the effects of sample shape on the localization behaviour of normally consolidated and overconsolidated clays. A series of undrained triaxial compression tests, using rectangular clay specimens with different shapes and strain rates, is conducted. Localized shear strain distributions are successfully observed with an image analysis of digital photographs. It is seen that the shape of a specimen affects the various bifurcation phenomena of clay, e.g. the formation and the progress of various three‐dimensional shear bands, failure with buckling, etc. The numerical simulation using the finite element method, with an elasto‐viscoplastic model and considering structural changes, can reproduce the generation and the growing process of shear bands well. A comparison between the results of the experiment and the simulation offers new findings regarding the strain localization of clay under three‐dimensional conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On some subclasses of P‐matrices
Authors: Li Hou‐Biao , Huang Ting‐Zhu , Li Hong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA matrix with positive row sums and all its off‐diagonal elements bounded above by their corresponding row averages is called a B‐matrix by J. M. Peña in References (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 2001; 22:1027–1037) and (Numer. Math. 2003; 95:337–345). In this paper, it is generalized to more extended matrices—MB‐matrices, which is proved to be a subclass of the class of P‐matrices. Subsequently, we establish relationships between defined and some already known subclasses of P‐matrices (see, References SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 2000; 21:67–78; Linear Algebra Appl. 2004; 393:353–364; Linear Algebra Appl. 1995; 225:117–123). As an application, some subclasses of P‐matrices are used to localize the real eigenvalues of a real matrix. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of the liver in systemic complications associated with acute pancreatitis: the role of Kupffer cells
Authors: Folch‐Puy E 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough its exact nature is still unknown, acute pancreatitis progresses with a local production of inflammatory mediators, eventually leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Knowing that almost all pancreatic mediators released from the pancreas to the bloodstream may pass through the liver before their dilution in the systemic circulation, it would be reasonable to assume a determinant role for this organ in the development of the inflammatory response associated with acute pancreatitis. Thus, recent studies have shown the involvement of the liver in the complex network of events triggering the multiorgan dysfunction associated with the disease. Once pancreatic mediators reach the liver, they strongly activate Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages, greatly amplifying the release of cytokines into the bloodstream and thus contributing to the systemic manifestations of acute pancreatitis. Altogether, these results show that the pancreas is not the only source of mediators that trigger the deleterious effects of acute pancreatitis, but that the liver may orchestrate the final outcome of the disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss progress in understanding the function of the liver in the early stages of the development of systemic organ dysfunction secondary to acute pancreatitis. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mouse model of basal‐like breast carcinoma with metaplastic elements
Authors: McCarthy A , Savage K , Gabriel A , Naceur C , Reis‐Filho JS , Ashworth A 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBreast cancers arising in carriers of germline BRCA1 mutations frequently have a basal‐like phenotype. Basal‐like cancers are characterized by high histological grade, central necrotic areas, foci with metaplastic differentiation, lack of hormone receptor and HER2 (ErbB2) expression, and consistent positivity for basal markers, including CK5/6, CK14, and EGFR. We have used germline manipulation to generate a conditional mouse model of Brca1 deficiency. Transgenic expression of Cre recombinase in the mammary gland of these mice results in deletion of exons encoding the C‐terminus of Brca1 and leads to tumour formation when combined with heterozygosity for a p53 mutation. Histologically, these mammary gland tumours were characterized by high histological grade, central necrotic areas, and presence of homologous metaplastic elements. These metaplastic elements consisted of neoplastic spindle cells or squamous cell differentiation in the form of keratin pearls or individual cell keratinization. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of basal‐like markers in all cases. The tumour phenotype generated in our mouse model was compared with published data on human basal‐like breast carcinomas and also with metaplastic breast cancers with a basal‐like phenotype; the comparison showed that we have generated a mouse model of basal‐like breast cancer, which should prove useful in testing new and targeted treatments for this type of breast cancer. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Swelling characteristics of thermo‐ sensitive poly[(2‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐co‐(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)] porous hydrogels
Authors: Caykara Tuncer , Küçüktepe Sıla , Turan Eylem 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTemperature‐sensitive poly[(2‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐co‐(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)] [P(DEAEMA‐co‐DMAAm)] hydrogels with five different DMAAm contents were synthesized with and without the addition of sodium carbonate as porosity generator. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized with dry gel density measurements, scanning electron microscopy observation and the determination of swelling ratio. The influence of the pore‐forming agent and content of DMAAm on swelling ratio and network parameters such as polymer–solvent interaction parameter (χ), average molecular mass between crosslinks (M̄c) and mesh size (ζ) of the cryogels are reported and discussed. The swelling and deswelling rates of the porous hydrogels are much faster than for the same type of hydrogels prepared via conventional methods. At a temperature below the volume phase transition temperature, the macroporous hydrogels also absorbed larger amounts water compared to that of conventional hydrogels and showed obviously higher equilibrated swelling ratios in aqueous medium. In particular, the unique macroporous structure provided numerous water channels for water diffusion in or out of the matrix and, therefore, an improved response rate to the external temperature changes during the deswelling and swelling processes. These properties are attributed to the macroporous and regularly arranged network of the porous hydrogels. Scanning electron micrographs reveal that the macroporous network structure of the hydrogels can be adjusted by applying porosity generation methods during the polymerization reaction. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry