bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbapenemases Produced by Multidrug-Resistant Strains of <i>Klebsiella Pneumoniae</i> Isolated from Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Chernenkaya T. V. , Borisova L. A. , Vorobieva T. Yu. , Godkov M. A. , Shabanov A. K. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the main pathogens of nosocomial infections. Hospital strains of this pathogen are characterized by a high frequency of resistance to many antibiotics, including carbapenems. The main mechanism for the formation of resistance to carbapenems is the production of carbapenemases by bacteria. To date, K. pneumoniae is considered one of the main “distributors” of clinically important antibiotic resistance genes.Aim of the study To study the frequency of occurrence of the most common carbapenemase genes in multiresistant K.pneumoniae strains isolated from patients of intensive care units in an emergency hospital.Material and methods 4708 samples of various types of clinical material from patients of 5 intensive care units of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine were analyzed. Microbiological studies were carried out using standard generally accepted methods. For the purposes of this study, unique sequential K.pneumoniae strains resistant to imipenem and/or meropenem were selected. DNA isolation was carried out using the RIBO-prep kit (Russia). Carbapenemase genes were detected by real-time PCR using the kits of reagents “AmpliSens MDR-MBL-FL” and “AmpliSens MDR-KPC/OXA-48-FL” on a “Rotor Gene” device (Corbett Research, Australia).Results Etiologically significant microorganisms were detected in 64.7% of the studied samples. K. pneumoniae was isolated in a quarter of the samples. 194 unique carbapenem-resistant strains of K.pneumoniae were selected. Of these, 11.3% of the genes of the studied carbapenemases were not detected. In 38.1% of strains, 1 carbapenemase was detected, in 29.9% — two and in 20.6% — three or more. Among the strains with one carbapenemase gene, OXA-48 (19.1%) and CATTLE (13.4%) producers prevailed. Strains producing only NDM betalactamase were found in 5.7% of cases. Isolated allocation of VIM and IMP was not detected. In 34%, metallobectalamases were isolated in combination with serine carbapenemases. The production of serine carbapenemases alone was detected in 48.5% of the strains. Depending on the specialization of the intensive care unit, there are differences in the frequency of detection of serine and metallobetalactamases in strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella.Conclusion K. pneumoniae is the causative agent of nosocomial infections in 25% of cases. In 11.3% of carbapenem-resistant strains, the production of KPC, OXA-48, NDM, VIM and IMP genes was not detected. When developing algorithms for antibacterial therapy, it is necessary to take into account that from 25.7% to 60.6% of K. pneumoniae strains in different intensive care units are the producers of metallobetalactamases.
Results of Surgical Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Mikhailov I. P. , Isayev G. A. , Kokov L. S. , Demyanov A. M. , Tutova D. Z. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a common disease, manifested by an expansion of the abdominal aorta of more than 3 cm and accompanied by the development of serious complications with high mortality. There are symptomatic aneurysms, asymptomatic aneurysms and ruptured aneurysms. The timing of surgical intervention for symptomatic aneurysms still causes some controversy.Aim of study To determine the tactics and timing of surgery in patients with symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms.Material and methods The medical histories of 188 patients with symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine. There were 152 men (80.8%) and 36 women (19.2%). The average age of those admitted was 69.8±2.5 years (from 53 to 84 years).Results All patients were divided into three groups, depending on the time of operation from the moment of admission: those operated in the first 24 hours (n=27); those operated from 24 to 72 hours from the moment of admission (n=20) and those operated later than 72 hours (n=136). The mortality by group was 14.8% in the first group, 20.0% in the second group, 7.3%in the third group.Conclusions Patients with symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm should be admitted to the intensive care unit for evaluation and preparation for delayed surgery. In cases where hospitalization in the intensive care unit is impossible or pain persists, the patient should be operated on urgently. When the pain syndrome is relieved and blood pressure is normalized, the patient can be further examined and operated on in a delayed manner.
Remote Ischemic Postconditioning in Case of Traumatic Brain Injury: a Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies
Authors: Shcherbak N. S. , Voznyuk I. A. 
Published: April 2024

Relevance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in treatment based on understanding of the mechanisms of brain injury after TBI, there is a clear need for new therapeutic strategies. Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) can be considered as a non-pharmacological technique to reduce secondary brain damage and improve clinical outcomes in patients with TBI.Aim of study Raising awareness of emergency physicians, neurosurgeons, neurologists, neurophysiologists about the possible use of the concept of RIPostC in patients with TBI.Material and methods To achieve this goal, the Results of clinical and experimental studies of the use of RIPostC after TBI were analyzed. Literature search was carried out in electronic search systems PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), eLibrary (https://elibrary.ru) using the keywords: “traumatic brain injury”, “remote ischemic conditioning”. A systematic search and selection of publications was performed in January–February 2023. The results of the review included patients with an established diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, followed by the use of RIPostC and animals with experimental modeling of TBI in various ways, followed by RIPostC.Conclusion The totality of data suggests that the use of the concept of RIPostC as a non-invasive protective technique in the provision of emergency care for patients with TBI may contribute to limiting secondary brain damage. However, the underlying neuroprotective processes are quite complex and need further study. Establishing the relationship of humoral, neurogenic and inflammatory reactions in response to the use of RIPostC in TBI will contribute to understanding the mechanisms of emerging neuroprotection, help ease the course of the disease and improve the clinical outcome.
Development of Basic Geology Mobile Learning Based on Android Indonesia Geodiversity Area
Authors: Riswadinata Indra , Prasetiyo Tri Kukuh , Diniyati Nurul 
Published: April 2024

Basic Geology is a prior knowledge that needs to be supported by a flexible learning environment through the use of mobile technology. Through the supports of mobile technology, students will gain freedom of access because they can be used anytime and anywhere. The progress and speed of technological development, the ease and practicality of using smartphone devices are the potential, opportunities and challenges for presenting mobile technology in learning. The presence of generation Z who are already familiar with technology has reinforced the need to utilize technology to accommodate them in learning better. The aim of this development research is to produce a learning product in the form of a Basic Geology mobile learning application to support learning anywhere and anytime and to determine the feasibility of the product in terms of media and materials, as well as responses from users. This research uses the Lee & Owens model in developing mobile learning applications. Data was collected using a questionnaire filled out by media experts, material experts and service users in the Indonesian Geodiversity Area. The results of this research are (1) user needs for mobile learning to support Basic Geology learning by providing learning resources and building learning communities, (2) producing Basic Geology mobile learning products, (3) results of feasibility tests by media experts, material experts and Individual, small group and field trials show that mobile learning is suitable for use inÂ learning.Keywords: geodiversity; basic geology; mobile learning
Measuring The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) with Copernicus Sentinel-5P Near Real Time in Medan City
Authors: Yanti Jeddah , Tampubolon Togi , Liu Chian-Yi , Alonge Titus Adeyemi , Qaiyimah Dinil , Abidin Muh Rais , Mannan Abdul , Saputra Rizki Rachmad 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to monitor the impact of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a significant contributor to atmospheric corrosion and associated with air pollution, in urban and industrial areas through empirical models of spatial distribution and temporal estimation in Medan. Datasets of Sentinel 5P NRTI are worth using to monitor the formation of sulfate aerosols or SO2 emissions from natural sources and anthropogenic origin in near real-time from 2019 until 2023 on the local scale, Medan. The source dataset covers 1,11 km of spatial image resolution on orbital in daily revisit time with a spectral bound between the ultraviolet and the shortwave infrared. The measurement of atmospheric SO2 concentrations is generated by enumerating the SO2 vertical column density technique at the soil surface with the cloud-based platform The Earth Engine (EE) Code Editor to handle large data sizes and produce interactive mapping. Based on the availability of auxiliary results, the number of spreading SO2 concentrations fell from 0,92 mmol/m2 in 2019 to 0,41 mmol/m2 in 2023, a reduction of 49.98 percent. The average of SO2 concentrations has decreased substantially over the years. Consequently, these pollutants have recorded long-term health and meteorological parameters impact that substances can rise or reduce acid rain.Keywords:Â Air pollution, Meteorological parameters, Sentinel 5P NRTI, SO2
El trabajo en la producción audiovisual en la era de las plataformas. Acomodamientos, tensiones y nuevos desafíos en la Argentina de la pospandemia
Authors: Bulloni María Noel 
Published: April 2024

El artículo aborda la emergencia y reciente evolución de las plataformas de streaming en la industria audiovisual argentina. En particular, se interroga acerca de las consecuencias de dicho fenómeno sobre las condiciones laborales en la producción local de contenidos y sobre los posicionamientos, adaptaciones y tensiones que atraviesan los trabajadores que la conforman. Se emplea una estrategia metodológica que prioriza la mirada cualitativa y que descansa en el análisis de fuentes documentales y en entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis presentado da cuenta de que actualmente las plataformas de streaming audiovisual presentan efectos beneficiosos sobre los niveles de empleo en la producción local de contenidos y que incluso revitalizan el influjo de la organización colectiva en la regulación de condiciones de trabajo en el segmento que logra vincularse a aquellas. Asimismo, se pone de relieve que los actores de la producción local se vinculan de forma subordinada con estos jugadores globales en el marco de un proceso de trabajo complejo, que en ciertos aspectos profundiza las tradicionales asimetrías de la división internacional del trabajo audiovisual.
Foot-and-mouth disease seroprevalence is higher in young female crossbred sheep and goats compared to their counterparts in the border area between Pakistan and Afghanistan
Authors: Kabir Abdul , Kamboh Asghar A. , Abubakar Muhammad , Matar Abdulkareem M. , Kumar Kanwar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease in ruminants that causes significant economic losses worldwide. However, the prevalence of FMD virus (FMDV) in small ruminants has been overlooked in Pakistan. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FMD in sheep and goats in the border area between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

ANIMALS
800 sheep and goats belongs to age groups of 6 month to > 2 years.

METHODS
A total of 800 serum samples were collected from sheep (n = 424) and goats (n = 376) and subjected to structural protein (SP) and 3ABC non-SP (NSP) ELISAs for the detection of antibodies against SP and NSP of the FMDV.

RESULTS
For NSP, 340/800 (42.5%) of samples were positive, while SP analysis revealed that serotype O (44.5%) was the most common in sheep and goats, followed by Asia-1 (42%) and A (32%) serotypes. Sheep (39%; 95% CI, 34 to 44) had a higher (P < .05) prevalence of FMD than goats (46%; 95% CI, 41 to 51). Statistically significant (P < .05) differences in the seroprevalence of FMD-SP and FMD-NSPs were observed between various agencies (areas) of the study area. Risk factors such as age, sex, breed, season, flock size, body condition, animal movement, and production system were significantly (P < .05) associated with FMDV prevalence.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that FMD is highly prevalent in sheep and goats in the border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Therefore, outbreak investigation teams should be arranged at the border level to develop FMD risk-based surveillance and control plans for small ruminants in order to mitigate infection risks.
A lentivirus-vectored feline erythropoietin gene therapy strategy in tissue culture and rodent models for the potential treatment of chronic renal disease-associated anemia
Authors: Cook Sarah E. , Castillo Diego , Wolf Tatiana , Hillman Chadwick , Bauer Katherine , Williams Sonyia , Murphy Brian G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a third-generation lentivirus-based vector encoding the feline erythropoietin (EPO) (feEPO) gene in vitro and in rodent models in vivo. This vector incorporates a genetic mechanism to facilitate the termination of the therapeutic effect in the event of supraphysiologic polycythemia, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) “suicide gene.”

ANIMALS
CFRK cells and replication-defective lentiviral vectors encoding feEPO were used for in vitro experiments. Eight Fischer rats were enrolled in the pilot in vivo study, 24 EPO-deficient mice were used in the initial mouse study, and 15 EPO-deficient mice were enrolled in the final mouse study.

METHODS
Efficacy of a third-generation lentivirus encoding feEPO was determined in vitro using western blot assays. Subsequently, in a series of rodent experiments, animals were administered the viral vector in progressively increasing inoculation doses with serial measurements of blood packed cell volume (PCV) over time.

RESULTS
We documented production of feEPO protein in transduced CRFK cells with subsequent cessation of production when treated with the HSV-TK substrate ganciclovir. In vivo, we demonstrated variably persistent elevated PCV values in treated rats and mice with eventual return to baseline values over time.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These results provide justification for a lentiviral gene therapy approach to the treatment of nonregenerative anemia associated with chronic renal disease in cats.
Off-label Therapy of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in a 35-year-old Male Patient Using Clomiphene Citrate – A Case Study
Authors: Kamińska Magdalena , Strzoda Adam Jan , Polak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Hypogonadism is either hypergonadotropic (primary) or hypogonadotropic (secondary). When the pituitary gland is secreting an excess of gonadotropins, primary hypogonadism is diagnosed. In secondary hypogonadism, the levels of gonadotro-pins in the serum remain low. Male patients affected with hypogonadism present numerous symptoms due to a lack of testosterone, e.g., erectile impairment, feminization of the body, and infertility. The deterioration of self-confidence and quality of life underlines the importance of the correct diagnosis and effective treatment. Clomiphene citrate is registered in Europe for the treatment of ovulatory failure in women. It is often used as an off-label drug to treat hypogonadism in men, as it proves efficient in some cases and is relatively safe and easily administered in comparison to other medicaments, e.g., testosterone and gonadotropin analogs. We report on a 35-year-old Caucasian male patient who was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology with symptoms of erectile dysfunction, lowered self-esteem, hypersomnia, and trouble conceiving. A complex diagnostic procedure was performed, which led to the final diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and reactive hyperprolactinemia. The treatment with Clomiphene Citrate was implemented and brought significant improvement – the withdrawal of unwanted symptoms and restored hormonal balance – after two weeks.
Excitation Control of Brushless Induction Excited Synchronous Motor with Induction Machine Operating in Deep-Plugging Mode
Authors: Mondal Amit Kumar , Basak Saptarshi , Chakraborty Chandan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The popularity of electrified transportation is rising at a sharp pace due to environmental concerns over internal combustion (IC) engines. Researchers are nowadays looking for a brushless and permanent magnet (PM)-less solution for electric vehicle (EV) motors. Wound-field synchronous motor (WFSM) is a potential solution for EVs and is being used in Renault Zoe EV and BMW iX3 e-Drive models. A Brushless Induction excited Synchronous Motor (BINSYM) is a WFSM where the exciter, an induction machine (IM), is embedded inside the synchronous machine (SM) frame. Two machines (SM and IM) are configured for different numbers of poles to achieve magnetic decoupling, which facilitates independent control of both machines. The purpose of IM is to maintain the excitation requirement of SM. The IM is controlled in deep-plugging mode at a constant slip frequency over the entire speed range to minimise its reactive power demand. The maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and root mean square (rms) current minimisation algorithms are used to control the SM. Simulation of the BINSYM-based system under dynamic conditions (MTPA with varying field current and load transient) has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the control strategies. Experimental findings from the laboratory prototype machine closely match the simulation results.
Is mucormycosis an addition to the pandemic spectrum: An observational study
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Niaz Adeel , Khan Ghulam Dastgir , Rubi Ghazala , Khan Hurtamina , Javaid Waqas 
Published: April 2024

<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p>
<p><strong>Introduction and Objective:</strong><br />A concerning increase in occurrences of mucormycosis, known as COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM), has been reported worldwide in people who are coping with COVID-19. The exact relationship between mucormycosis and COVID-19 is yet unknown, despite this apparent correlation. In order to ascertain the degree to which mucormycosis and coronavirus illness are associated, this study aims to clarify the nature of this association.<br /><br /><strong>Method:</strong></p>
<p>This study, which was an observational one, examined 35 individuals who had been diagnosed with mucormycosis. At Lahore General Hospital in Lahore, the ENT Department conducted this study to thoroughly evaluate the relationship between mucormycosis and coronavirus disease, patient demographics, such as age, gender, COVID-19 status, and co-morbidities, were carefully documented.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong></p>
<p>The majority of the patients (54.3%) were male, and the average age of those enrolled in the study was 49.40 &plusmn; 13.511 years. Of the patients, 25.7% had confirmed COVID-19 positive. Notably, diabetes mellitus was the predominant co-morbidity in a significant proportion of patients (74.3%), followed by DM/CKD (11.4%), DM/CLD (8.6%), and DM/HTN (5.7%). The findings of the statistical analysis showed that co-morbidities and COVID-19 were significantly correlated (P&lt;0.05) in mucormycosis patients, whereas age and gender were not significantly correlate (P&gt;0.05).<br /><br /></p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><br />In summary, this study suggests that mucormycosis could be an additional aspect of the pandemic's spectrum. The data from our study supports this claim, since a significant percentage (25.7%) of patients with mucormycosis also had a COVID-19 diagnosis concomitantly. The significance of more research and increased awareness about the co-occurrence of COVID-19 and mucormycosis in clinical settings is highlighted by this study. <br /><br /></p>
Optimization of traditional methods for determining the similarity of project names and purchases using large language models
Authors: Golikov Aleksei Aleksandrovich , Akimov Dmitrii Andreevich , Danilova Yuliya 
Published: April 2024

The subject of the study is the analysis and improvement of methods for determining the relevance of project names to the information content of purchases using large language models. The object of the study is a database containing the names of projects and purchases in the field of electric power industry, collected from open sources. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the use of TF-IDF and cosine similarity metrics for primary data filtering, and also describes in detail the integration and evaluation of the effectiveness of large language models such as GigaChat, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 in text data matching tasks. Special attention is paid to the methods of clarifying the similarity of names based on reflection introduced into the prompta of large language models, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of data comparison. The study uses TF-IDF and cosine similarity methods for primary data analysis, as well as large GigaChat, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 language models for detailed verification of the relevance of project names and purchases, including reflection in model prompta to improve the accuracy of results. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a combined approach to determining the relevance of project names and purchases, combining traditional methods of processing text information (TF-IDF, cosine similarity) with the capabilities of large language models. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the proposed methodology for improving the accuracy of data comparison by clarifying the results of primary selection using GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models with optimized prompta, including reflection. The main conclusions of the study are confirmation of the prospects of using the developed approach in the tasks of information support for procurement processes and project implementation, as well as the possibility of using the results obtained for the development of text data mining systems in various sectors of the economy. The study showed that the use of language models makes it possible to improve the value of the F2 measure to 0.65, which indicates a significant improvement in the quality of data comparison compared with basic methods.