bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Transfusion and Immunomodulation: A Possible Mechanism
Authors: Mincheff Milcho S. , Meryman Harold T. , Kapoor Veena , Alsop Patricia , Wötzel Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo induce an immunogenic response in vivo, an antigen‐presenting (stimulator) cell must present both antigen‐specific (class II MHC) and an accessory signal to the CD4 T cell. Failure to express the accessory signal has been shown in vitro to induce a state of specific unresponsiveness (anergy) in the T cell. We have shown that although stimulator cells in blood continue to express class II MHC molecules during refrigerated storage, their ability to present the accessory signal diminishes, reaching zero in all units tested by about 13 days. This implies that blood in excess of 2 weeks old should not alloimmunize but could induce some degree of immunosuppression. UV‐B irradiation and, to a lesser extent, gamma‐irradiation, were also shown to inhibit expression of the accessory signal by stimulator cells in blood.
Use of Anti‐GOR Testing in the Screening of Blood Donors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Irving William L. , Day Sarinder , Bennett Diane , Eglin Roger P. , Flanagan Peter , Nuttall Philip , James Virge 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSera from 12/1,155 (1%) anti‐HCV‐negative (Elisa) UK blood donors were found to be anti‐GOR positive. None out of 12 of those sera were positive for HCV RNA by the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). In a cohort of 316 anti‐HCV Elisa‐positive sera, 27/57 RIBA‐positive, and 1/188 RIBA‐negative sera were anti‐GOR positive, resulting in a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 99.5% for anti‐GOR as a marker for RIBA‐confirmed HCV infection. Four out of 71 (6%) of RIBA‐indeterminate sera were anti‐GOR positive. Donors with anti‐GOR reactivity were more likely to have antibodies against each of the individual HCV antigens represented in the RIBA, and those antibodies were of greater intensity, when compared to the anti‐GOR negative cohort. Twenty out of 36 (55.6%) of RT/PCR‐positive sera were anti‐GOR positive, compared to 1/7 (14.3%) of RT/PCR‐negative sera (p = 0.09). The usefulness of anti‐GOR testing of UK blood donors is discussed in the light of these results.
Human Monoclonal Anti‐D‐Induced Clearance of Human D‐Positive Red Cells in a Chimpanzee Model
Authors: Blancher A. , Socha W. W. , Roubinet F. , Rowe A. W. , Broly H. , Byrne P. , Holuigue M. , Bouzidi A. , Huart J. J. , Ruffié J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo human monoclonal anti‐Rh0(D) antibodies, one IgG1, and one IgG3, were tested for their ability to clear human D‐positive red blood cells (RBCs) from chimpanzee circulation. Human RBCs (phenotype A1, R1r) from 1 donor were radiolabelled with chromium 51 and injected into 4 chimpanzees. One day later the control animal received isotonic saline whereas 2 animals received 400 μg of purified human monoclonal anti‐D, either IgG1 or IgG3. The remaining animal received both antibodies together (200 μg of IgG1 and 200 μg of IgG3). Both individual antibody‐mediated clearance of human D‐positive cells and synergy was not observed when both antibodies were used in combination. IgG1 was slightly more effective than IgG3. This animal model is a suitable alternative for conducting in vivo experiments in human beings, especially at the preclinical study phase of monoclonal anti‐D antibodies.
Platelet Concentrates in an Additive Solution Prepared from Pooled Buffy Coats
Authors: Eriksson Lars , Shanwell Agneta , Gulliksson Hans , Högman Claes F. , Svensson Leif A. , Kristensen Jörgen , Berg Barbro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLeukocyte‐depleted platelet concentrates were prepared from pools of 4 buffy coats on the day after blood collection (BC‐PC). The storage medium was composed of citrate phosphate dextrose plasma and a platelet‐additive solution. Autologous transfusions of 111In‐labelled platelets in 9 healthy volunteers were performed on the day of preparation (day 1) and on day 5. The recovery was 54.6±8.7 (day 1) and 51.9±10.4% (day 5), T1/2 was 101±28 and 61±9 h, respectively. The survival was 8.3±1.7 and 5.7±1.0 days, respectively, using linear plot, and 7.8±2.0 and 5.8±0.5 days using the multiple hit method. In a prospective clinical study a comparison of the corrected posttransfusion increments was made between BC‐PCs and apheresis‐PCs, and between fresh (1–2 days) and stored (3–5 days) preparations. No difference was found between BC‐PCs and apheresis PCs. However, fresh BC‐PCs gave higher increments than stored BC‐PCs. A slight numerical difference between fresh and stored apheresis‐PCs was not statistically significant. It is concluded that the BC‐PC method results in platelets of equal quality to apheresis‐PC.
Rheological Evaluation of X‐Ray Irradiated Blood
Authors: Suzuki Yoji , Seiyama Akitoshi , Tateishi Norihiko , Yamanishi Shigeki , Maeda Nobuji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCPD blood, in glass containers and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags, was X‐irradiated with 50 Gy (n = 4), and then stored for up to 4 weeks. Rheological, hematological and biochemical changes of the red cells during storage were examined. Changes in blood viscosity and various properties of red cells (deformability, shape, hematological indices and concentrations of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and nucleotides) during storage at 4°C were not altered by the irradiation. The rheological, biochemical and morphological properties of red cells were as well preserved in PVC bags as in glass containers. No abnormal and/or cross‐linked proteins in red‐cell membranes were induced by the irradiation. Irradiation of PVC bags did not affect the above properties of red cells through any changes in the bag constituents. In conclusion, X‐ray irradiation with 50 Gy to CPD blood in PVC bags does not affect the rheological functions of red cells.
Taiwan Blood Donation Program: A Model for Development
Authors: Tsai S. J. L. , Lee T. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn 1974, the Taiwan National Blood Program had not yet been fully developed. The volunteer donor base was less than 5% and there was no organized national structure or regulation of blood services. Following the founding of the Blood Donation Association and the Blood Services Foundation, promotion of an all‐volunteer blood program, increased utilization of blood components and the standardization of laboratory methods were strategies that led to the development of the Taiwan National Blood Program. In 1991, 1,066,082 units of blood were collected in Taiwan, serving a population of about 20 million. There are currently 6 major blood centers and 13 blood stations. Blood donation is now 100% volunteer and 78% of all blood collected is separated into 10 available components. With national organization and regulation, the transition has taken 17 years and has resulted in a community‐based, all‐volunteer blood supply.
Sensitivity of the Fibrinogen Clotting Time: An in vitro Test of Potential Thrombogenicity
Authors: Feldman P.A. , McGrath S. , Evans H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe fibrinogen clotting time (FCT) is a measure of thrombin activity, and is used to evaluate the potential thrombogenicity of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC). We have defined end points for clot formation in this test which allow the measurement in PCC of thrombin concentrations as low as 0.001 IU/ml. The FCT of thrombin and PCC samples which did not contain antithrombin III (ATIII) were the same when measured at 20°C or 37°C. In the presence of ATIII (0.05 or 0.25 IU/ml), samples of PCC which were known to contain thrombin showed shorter FCT at 20°C than at 37°C. Inclusion of both ATIII (0.25 IU/ml) and heparin (4 IU/ml) in PCC ensured the complete inactivation of endogenous thrombin.
Second‐Generation Anti‐HCV Screening in a Saudi Arabian Donor Population
Authors: Bernvil S. S. , Andrews V.J. , Sasich F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe 2nd‐generation anti‐HCV test system was applied to a Saudi Arabian multi‐ethnic donor population. When donors were stratified according to first‐time donations versus repeat donations, the latter having been screened previously by a 1st‐generation set of tests, it was found that in Saudi Arabian and Middle East nationals, the 2nd‐generation tests (EIA and RIBA), identified close to double the number of anti‐HCV‐positive donors, compared to an earlier study using the 1st‐generation tests. Part of this finding was due to a 38% higher rate of RIBA‐confirmable repeat‐positive EIA results. In groups of donors, previously screened by the 1st‐generation system, some additional cases of anti‐HCV reactivity were identified, most prominently in Middle East nationals. It is assumed that some of these represented recent seroconversions, while others were cases of serologic subtypes of HCV, not reacting in the 1st‐generation tests. The current test system identifies 0.66% of Saudi‐Arabian, and 2.87% of other Middle East donors as putative carriers of hepatitis C virus. The study lends support to the opinion that donors who return regularly over the years have a lower prevalence of disease markers, thereby being a safer source of blood than first‐time donors.
Isotypes and IgG Subclasses of Anti‐Fab Antibodies in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Hemophilia Patients
Authors: Süsal Caner , Oberg Hans‐Heinrich , Daniel Volker , Dörr Colette , Terness Peter , Huth‐Kühne Angela , Zimmermann Rainer , Opelz Gerhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe reported recently that anti‐Fab autoantibodies of the IgG isotype are associated with the decrease of helper/inducer (CD4+) lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected (HIV+) hemophilia patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS‐related complex (ARC). In the present study we investigated the subclass distribution of IgG‐anti‐Fab autoantibodies, and whether anti‐Fab antibodies of the IgA and IgM isotypes also are associated with the development of AIDS. Sera of HIV+ patients with AIDS had significantly higher IgA‐anti‐Fab activity than HIV+ patients with ARC (p<0.02), HIV+ patients without AIDS/ARC (p<0.0001), HIV‐negative (HIV‐) patients (p<0.001), or healthy controls (p<0.0001). An inverse association was found between IgA‐anti‐Fab activity and CD4+ cell counts (r = ‐0.396, p<10‐6). In contrast, no association of CD4+ cell counts was observed with IgM‐anti‐Fab. However, IgM‐anti‐Fab was significantly increased in patients with thrombocytopenia. We found a significant association between IgA‐anti‐Fab activity and serum neopterin concentrations (r = 0.310, p<10‐5). IgG‐anti‐Fab activity was detected mainly in the IgG3 fraction, although in HIV+ patients with AIDS/ARC various IgG subclasses were present. Affinity‐purified anti‐Fab antibodies isolated from sera of AIDS patients bound to rgp120‐preincubated CD4+ cells of a healthy individual, supporting our hypothesis that anti‐Fab antibodies and free circulating gp120 molecules are involved in the elimination of uninfected CD4+ cells. Removal of anti‐Fab autoantibodies from the circulation by immune adsorbance might be a useful approach in the treatment of AIDS.
Alloimmunisation via Previous Transfusion Places Female Kpb‐Negative Recipients at Risk for Having Children with Clinically Significant Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: Gorlin Jed B. , Kelly Lydia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report a case of clinically significant hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Kpb alloimmunisation requiring obstetric intervention. This case and a review of the literature are in contrast to reviews of hemolytic disease of the newborn that either ascribe no significance to the Kpb antigen or suggest that it causes only rare or mild disease. Analysis of our Kpb‐negative donor pool suggests that prior transfusion greatly increases the chance of alloimmunisation. The role of frozen rare donor registry cells as a public resource is emphasised.
Pure Anti‐Doa Stimulated by Pregnancy
Authors: Roxby D.J. , Paris J.M. , Stern D.A. , Young S.G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPure anti‐Doa stimulated by pregnancy was detected in 2 non‐transfused females during routine antenatal screening. Anti‐Doa occurs rarely and has generally been reported in combination with other antibodies. The first, and only report to date, of pure anti‐Doa was also stimulated by pregancy. We believe these instances to be only the second and third reported cases of pure anti‐Doa.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody to High‐Frequency Red Cell Antigen Jra
Authors: Miyazaki T. , Kwon K. W. , Yamamoto K. , Tone Y. , Ihara H. , Kato T. , Ikeda H. , Sekiguchi S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA human‐mouse heterohybridoma (HMR0921) secreting human monoclonal IgG3, Λ antibody was produced from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy blood donor with serum antibody to Jra, by EBV transformation and hybridization with mouse myeloma cell line P3X63Ag8.653. The reactivity of HMR0921 antibody was assessed by antiglobulin test with a panel of red cells including 14 different rare blood types. Only Jr(a‐) red cells were negative. The strict specificity of this antibody to Jra antigen was further confirmed by absorption test with fluorescence flow cytometry. On screening of 28,744 blood donor samples by HMR0921 antibody, we detected 19 agglutination‐negative samples, which were confirmed as Jr(a‐) by conventional anti‐Jra antisera. Therefore, our HMR0921 antibody is extremely useful for detecting rare Jr(a‐) blood.
Production of a New Murine Monoclonal Antibody with Fy6 Specificity and Characterization of the Immunopurified N‐Glycosylated Duffy‐Active Molecule
Authors: Riwom S. , Janvier D. , Navenot J. M. , Benbunan M. , Muller J. Y. , Blanchard D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA murine monoclonal antibody (mAb i3A; IgG1, kappa light chain) was obtained using human red blood cells as immunogen. The antibody showed Fy6 specificity since it agglutinated all but Fy(a‐b‐)‐untreated red cells and failed to agglutinate chymotrypsin‐treated cells. An erythrocyte membrane protein of 42–46 kD was revealed as the major component recognized by the antibody on immunoblots. The antibody also bound to 92‐ to 95‐ and 200‐kD proteins, tentatively identified as oligomers of the 42‐ to 46‐kD monomeric form. The affinity‐purified Fy6‐active protein was converted to a sharp band of 35 kD after N‐glycanase treatment. The molecule appeared as a slightly broadly band after neuraminidase treatment but was not further altered by O‐glycanase. The i3A mAb bound to 6,000±1,000 receptor sites on either Fy(a‐b+), Fy (a+b+) and Fy(a+b‐) red cells with an affinity constant in the range of 3–6 times 108 M‐1. No binding was observed to other blood cells nor to several cells (B, T, myelomonocytic and erythro‐leukemia cell lines). Also, the bulk of i3A‐Fy6 immune complexes could be dissociated from the red cell membrane with as low as 0.2% Triton X‐100, showing that the Fy6‐active glycoprotein is not tightly associated with the membrane skeleton. Our data obtained with a new monoclonal antibody directed to the Fy6 antigen demonstrate that the blood group Duffy‐active component is a red cell‐specific glycoprotein carrying one or more N‐linked oligosaccharides.
Determinants of Physician Ordering of Preoperative Autologous Donations
Authors: AuBuchon J. P. , Gettinger A. , Littenberg B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPreoperative autologous donation (PAD) is frequently utilized to reduce infectious disease transmission risks, but it is an expensive form of hemotherapy that is not always closely matched with the needs of the patients. We compared the use of PAD in an academic medical center with patient needs and then investigated the efficacy of a simple intervention to promote targeting of PAD toward patients most likely to benefit from having PADs available. Over a 3‐month period, surgeons whose patients received allogeneic components were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to identify reasons for not ordering PAD. PAD units were used in 14 (11%) of 124 cases, accounting for 6% of perioperative red cell use. The responses (46, 42% of the surveys sent) stated that PAD had not been ordered because of time constraints (39%), medical problems (26%), anemia (15%), and lack of expectation of blood use (24%). Chart review documented the presence of cited conditions in 88% of cases. Logistic and cost concerns were not evident. However, only 8% of the 176 PAD units collected in that period were transfused. Following dissemination of PAD ordering guidelines, this proportion rose to 52% without a reduction in the proportion of elective surgical cases utilizing autologous transfusion. This improvement in ordering practice was maintained over at least in 5‐month period. Thus we were able to improve the efficiency of PAD application (reducing over‐ordering) through a simple feedback to surgeons that assisted them in targeting PAD toward patients most likely to need transfusion.
Expression of A Antigens on Erythrocytes of Weak Blood Group A Subgroups
Authors: Heier Hans Erik , Namork Ellen , Čalkovská Zdenká , Sandin Randi , Kornstad Leif 
Published: March 2009

AbstractScanning immune electron microscopy using a monoclonal anti‐A antibody which reacts with all type A oligosaccharide chains revealed A antigens on less than 5% of Am and Ael cells, some of which showed extremely strong labelling. This explains why Am and Ael cells can absorb significant amounts of anti‐A without being agglutinated. A3 may be a heterogenous subgroup, since A antigens were found on 82 and 58%, respectively, of the cells of 2 A3 individuals. A antigens were found on 75% or more of Ax cells. In many weak A individuals A‐positive cells are apparently best detected if an anti‐A is used which reacts strongly with other A oligosaccharide chains than type 2. From hyperimmune pregnancy sera Ax, Am and Ael erythrocytes absorbed antibodies which seemed to have other fine specificities than those absorbed by A2 cells. We conclude that weak subgroups of A may deviate from A2 both by number of erythrocytes expressing A antigens and the biochemical nature of the antigens.
In vitro Evaluation of a New Filter for Leucocyte Depletion of Platelet Concentrate during Component Preparation
Authors: Christensen Lisa Dalh , Dickmeiss Ebbe 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA newly developed filter for prestorage leucocyte depletion of platelet concentrates (PC) was studied. The filter is designed for leucocyte depletion during the preparation of the pool PC from platelet rich buffy coats. In all the leucocyte depleted PC (LD‐PC) leucocyte depletion was satisfactory. 19 of 20 units of LD‐PC had a leucocyte content below 3times105per PC and 1 contained 8times105leucocytes. The standard PC contained 2.53times108(0.87times108–15.3times108; n = 20) leucocytes per PC (median and range). The quality of the LD‐PC was evaluated by measuring platelet activation, platelet morphology, and pre‐ and poststorage pH. There were no differences in any of the parameters studied.
Anti‐HCV Seroconversion in Multitransfused and Immunocompromised Patients A Long‐Term Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cornu Chantal , Brusselmans Caroline , Geubel André , Ferrant Augustin , Cornu Guy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a series of 6 multitransfused, immunocompromised patients, the diagnosis of posttransfusion hepatitis C was based upon the analysis of long‐term follow‐up serum samples. The HCV RNA was detected by a nested PCR assay using primers located in the 5′ noncoding region (5′NCR), and anti‐HCV antibodies were assayed with third‐generation tests. The interval between the first rise in alanine aminotransferase and seroconversion varied from less than 5 months to more than 38 months. Five out of 6 patients seroconverted after 14 months or later. In most cases, the anti‐NS3 and anti‐NS4 antibodies appeared first. In such patients, the etiology of chronic liver disease may thus be overlooked for 1 or more years, a definitive diagnosis requiring the detection of HCV RNA.
Molecular Bases of the ABO Blood Groups of Indians from the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Franco Rendrik F. , Simôes Belinda P. , Guerreiro Joāo F. , Santos Sidney E.B. , Zago Marco A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPhenotype studies of ABO blood groups in most Amerindian populations revealed the exclusive presence of group O. Since group O is the result of the absence of glycosyltransferase activity, its molecular bases may be heterogeneous. We carried out ABO blood group genotyping by analysis of DNA of 30 Indians from 2 Amazonian tribes (Yanomami and Arara), and compared the findings with other populations (Caucasians and Blacks). Two segments of the glycosyltransferase gene were amplified by PCR and digested with KpnI or AluI to detect deletion or base change at positions 258 and 700, respectively. For all subjects, the gene basis of blood group O is the deletion of a single nucleotide at position 258 of the glycosyltransferase A gene, similar to that observed in Caucasoids and Negroids. DNA sequencing of limited regions of the gene supports this conclusion. This finding does not exclude, however, that a heterogeneity of the O allele may be revealed by a more extensive analysis.
Production of Endothelin‐1 Induced by Blood Transfusion in Premature Infants
Authors: Sasai‐Takedatsu Misa , Kojima Takatsugu , Hirata Yukio , Kobayashi Yohnosuke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe demonstrated a relationship between blood transfusion and plasma ET‐1 levels in 10 premature infants with anemia. Changes in plasma ET‐1 and lipoperoxide levels, blood pressure and available oxygen before and after the blood transfusion were determined. Plasma ET‐1 levels were significantly elevated after blood transfusion (before: 8.0+2.8; after: 15.7+5.4 pg/ml, p<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between plasma ET‐1 levels and lipoperoxide levels (r = 0.887, p<0.01). There was a significant correlation between plasma ET‐1 levels and transfused blood volumes (r = 0.758, p<0.01). No positive correlation was observed between plasma ET‐1 levels and available oxygen. These results suggest that blood transfusion may be a stimulator of ET‐1 overproduction and that it may lead to tissue injury through an endothelin‐induced oxygen radical formation system.
Blood Safety in Developing Countries
Authors: Gibbs William N. , Corcoran Patricia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study, based on responses to a questionnaire, was undertaken to define problems in and formulate solutions for improving blood safety in developing countries as part of an effort to monitor the status of blood transfusion services globally. Despite improvements between 1988 and 1992, only 66% of developing countries (DGCs) and 46% of least developed countries (LDCs) screen all blood donations for antibodies to human immunodeficiency viruses; 72% DGCs and 35% LDCs test all donations for hepatitis B surface antigen and 71 and 48%, respectively, for syphilis. The antihuman globulin test is performed routinely in 62% DGCs and 23% LDCs, and inadequate quality assurance in all aspects of preparatory testing is a major weakness in many countries. The blood supply is usually insufficient: none of the LDCs and 9% of the DGCs collect 30 units or more per 1,000 of the population annually. Blood donor systems are totally voluntary and non‐remunerated in 15% DGCs and 7% LDCs; 80% DGCs and 93% LDCs rely totally or partially on replacement donors and 25% of both groups on paid donations. The proportion of repeat donors is low (medians: 47% in DGCs, 20% in LDCs), and discard rates for collected blood are often high (up to 33%). Most of the blood collected is transfused as whole blood, and most DGCs and LDCs have inadequate supplies of plasma substitutes for management of acute haemorrhage. The reasons for these problems and suggested solutions are discussed.