bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot water epilepsy: a video case report of a Caucasian toddler
Authors: Ceulemans Berten , Koninckx Muriel , Garmyn Kristien , Wojciechowski Marek 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We present the case report of a 13‐month‐old Caucasian toddler with symptoms of loss of consciousness, central cyanosis and uncontrolled movements of the upper limbs while taking a warm bath. The diagnosis of hot water epilepsy was supported by an ictal EEG. Hot water epilepsy, also known as bathing epilepsy or water‐immersion epilepsy is, in the Caucasian population, a rare form of benign epilepsy, where seizures are provoked by immersion in a hot or even just a warm bath. This is the first comprehensive video publication of a seizure provoked by water‐immersion in a Caucasian child.
[Published with video sequences].
Anatomo‐electro‐clinical correlations: the Cleveland Case Report (March 2008): Temporal lobe neoplasm and seizures: how deep does the story go?
*
Authors: Jehi Lara E. , Lμders Hans Ö. , Naugle Richard , Ruggieri Paul , Morris Harold , Foldvary Nancy , Wyllie Elaine , Kotagal Prakash , Bingaman Bill , Dinner Dudley , Prayson Richard , Diehl Beate , Alexopoulos Andreas , Bautista Jocelyn , Busch Robyn 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

[March 2008 ‐ Cleveland Case Report]

. There is a well‐described association between the occurrence of developmental tumors and the presence of cortical dysplasia in the neighboring brain tissue. The main surgical approaches in the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy related to such developmental tumors include a lesionectomy
versus
a tailored cortical resection, often guided by an invasive evaluation. This case report describes the surgical management of a 26‐year‐old female with olfactory auras evolving into automotor seizures and convulsions, occurring in the context of a right temporo‐parietal developmental lesion. It illustrates the pros and cons of various surgical approaches, and discusses some pathophysiological aspects of developmental tumors, dysplasia and epilepsy.
[Published with video sequences]
Recurrent alcohol‐induced seizures in a patient with chronic alcohol abuse
Authors: Hattemer Katja , Knake Susanne , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Hamer Hajo M. , Rosenow Felix 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Seizures related to alcohol are a common finding, and are usually attributed to alcohol withdrawal, or to a neurotoxic effect of ethanol leading to seizures that are unrelated to acute alcohol consumption or withdrawal. However, there is also evidence for a third kind of alcohol‐related seizure: alcohol‐induced seizures. We describe a 36‐year‐old patient who, during the years from 1996–2006, was admitted 27 times with alcohol‐induced seizures that occurred during alcohol consumption. Excluding one documented withdrawal seizure, serum ethanol levels at admission were 3.24 ± 0.67%. There were no seizures that were unrelated to alcohol consumption. This case report supports the evidence of a seizure‐provoking effect of ethanol that should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with alcohol‐dependency and seizures.
Photosensitivity in epileptic syndromes of childhood and adolescence
Authors: Lu Yang , Waltz Stephan , Stenzel Katja , Muhle Hiltrud , Stephani Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Photosensitivity, a reaction of the brain to external photic stimulation, can be graded from 1 to 4, and is most frequently seen in the first decades of life. This study investigated photosensitivity in children with epilepsy.

Methods
A retrospective study performed in the neuropaediatric department of the largest paediatric hospital in Kiel, treating patients at all medical care levels. The clinical data and EEG records of 566 patients with the most common epileptic syndromes were analyzed, in particular regarding photosensitivity. Their EEGs included application of intermittent light stimulation using standard techniques at twice the minimum.

Results

The proportion of photosensitive patients was significantly higher in the paediatric cohort than in adult patients, as published in the literature: 46% of patients with generalized epilepsies showed photosensitivity as compared to 20% with focal epilepsies. Photosensitivity was more common in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), (epilepsy with
grand mal
on awakening, 74%; juvenile absence epilepsy, 56%; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, 50%; childhood absence epilepsy, 44%) than in focal types (idiopathic partial – Rolandic epilepsy, 23%; symptomatic/ cryptogenic type of epilepsy, 16%), while in patients who experienced occasional seizures (neonatal/febrile seizures), this ranged between 40% and 23%, respectively. The generalized photoparoxysmal response, (PPR), grades 3 and 4 were found significantly more often in patients with IGE (92%) than in patients with focal epilepsies. Finally, the female preponderance was confirmed (37% to 27% of all epilepsies).

Conclusions
Photosensitivity can be detected both in patients with IGE, with idiopathic and symptomatic/cryptogenic types of focal epilepsies, and with epileptic (occasional) seizures. PPR grades 3 and 4 are the most common in IGE.
Ocular compression pressure during EEG for the study of increased vagal reactivity
Authors: Haneef Zulfi , Khurana Divya S. , Melvin Joseph J. , Carvalho Karen S. , Legido Agustin , Valencia Ignacio 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Ocular compression (OC) is a maneuver performed during EEG to demonstrate increased vagal reactivity in children with suspected syncope including breath‐holding spells. We examined the relationship between the simulated OC pressure exerted by different physicians and the cardiac slowing responses that they had historically obtained as per EEG records. Simulated OC was performed by each physician using a sphygmomanometer. EEGs were reviewed for the rate of positive cardiac slowing per physician. Among three physicians who performed a total of 73 OC, the mean ± SD of applied pressure were 29.0 ± 2.4, 60.7 ± 3.5 and 42.4 ± 2.5 mmHg, respectively. There was good intra‐physician consistency for the OC pressures exerted. The mean pressure exerted was significantly different between physicians (p < 0.001, ANOVA). The positive response rate for cardiac slowing among these physicians was 11/37 (29.7%), 10/21 (47.6%) and 8/15 (53.3%) respectively. The difference in positive OC responses between physicians was not significant (p = 0.127, chi‐square). Higher OC pressures did not translate into more positive responses. A pressure of 30 mmHg is as good as 60 mmHg in demonstrating cardiac slowing during OC.
Antiepileptic drugs and relapse after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. , Nei Maromi , Sharan Ashwini D. , Mintzer Scott , Zangaladze Andro , Evans James G. , Skidmore Christopher , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate whether the postoperative, antiepileptic drug (AED) regimen influences seizure recurrence after anterior temporal lobectomy when considering the putative mechanism of action and possible neuroprotective effects.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Patients who had an anterior temporal lobectomy for refractory epilepsy, whose preoperative MRI indicated mesial temporal sclerosis, were included. Postoperative AED regimens were compared with regard to seizure‐outcome, considering the putative mechanism of action (sodium channel blockers, non‐sodium channel blockers, and mixed mechanisms) or possible neuroprotective effect (levetiracetam, topiramate, tiagabine and zonisamide
versus
others). Time‐to‐event (first seizure after surgery) analysis was used to produce a Kaplan‐Meier estimate of seizure recurrence, and groups were compared using Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Results

226 patients (103 males and 123 females; mean age 42 ± 11 years) were studied. The rates of postoperative seizure recurrence were not significantly different between the three groups regardless of the use of AEDs with different mechanisms of action (p = 0.23). Fifty patients were receiving possibly neuroprotective AEDs and 176 patients were not. Rates of seizure recurrence were not significantly different between these two groups either (p = 0.11). The differences between one‐year seizure‐free rates were not significant when we compared levetiracetam
versus
phenytoin or carbamazepine.

Discussion
There appeared to be no advantage or disadvantage to either prescribing drugs with different mechanisms of action or using drugs with possible neuroprotective effect after temporal lobectomy. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes may be of benefit to further explore this issue.
Massive rhythmic axial myoclonus in post‐anoxic coma
Authors: Legriel Stéphane , Tran‐Dinh Yves Roger , Bele Nicolas , Thiery Guillaume 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the video of a patient who presented massive and impressive rhythmic axial sudden flexion of the neck and the upper part of the trunk in post anoxic coma.

[Published with video sequences]
A patient with two episodes of epilepsia partialis continua of the abdominal muscles caused by cortical dysplasia
Authors: Tezer F. Irsel , Celebi Ozlem , Ozgen Burce , Saygi Serap 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is a rare form of focal motor status epilepticus. There is typically a predilection for facial and distal limb involvement, but rarely trunk or abdomen muscles may be affected. Rarely, EPC may also present in association with cortical dysplasia. In this report, we describe the clinical, neuroimaging and ictal electroencephalographic findings of a young woman presenting with persistent myoclonic twitches of the abdominal muscles that were considered to represent a rare manifestation of EPC due to cortical dysplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of malformation of cortical development causing abdominal myoclonus.
[Published with video sequences]
Pharmacology and drug interactions of cannabinoids
Authors: Landmark Cecilie Johannessen , Brandl Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Cannabinoids include a variety of substances, of which cannabidiol (CBD) is the main substance investigated for the treatment of epilepsy, and this will be the focus in the present review. CBD preparations exist in various forms. There are significant differences in quality control regarding content and reproducibility for an approved drug versus herbal preparations. Cannabidiol has challenging pharmacological properties, and pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects will depend on the formulation or preparation of a certain product. This article will focus on the characteristics, pharmacokinetic challenges, and interactions of standardised CBD‐containing drugs based on evidence from clinical and pharmacokinetic studies.
Epileptic encephalopathy with features of rapid‐onset dystonia Parkinsonism and alternating hemiplegia of childhood: a novel combination phenotype associated with
ATP1A3
mutation
Authors: Tran Linh , Richards Jason , McDonald Marie , McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Stong Nicholas , Jasien Joan , Shashi Vandana , Mikati Mohamad A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Mutations in
ATP1A3
have been found to cause rapid‐onset dystonia Parkinsonism, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, epileptic encephalopathy and other syndromes. We report a four‐year, nine‐month‐old boy with episodes of frequent and recurrent status epilepticus, who first began having generalized tonic‐clonic seizures at four months of age. Development was normal until the age of four months, and markedly slowed down after the onset of seizures. Between the age of seven months and two and a half years, the patient had recurrent attacks of unilateral and bilateral hemiplegia. At the age of 21 months, after a febrile illness with status epilepticus, he regressed and developed continuous severe dystonia and bradykinesia with superimposed intermittent painful dystonic spasms. Extensive neurological and genetic workup revealed a
de novo
p.V589F
ATP1A3
mutation (NM_152296.5:c.1765G>T, NC_000019.9:g.42482344C>A). This is a novel mutation associated with a novel phenotype that shares features with epileptic encephalopathy, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, and rapid‐onset dystonia Parkinsonism.
Clinical and video‐polygraphic features of epileptic spasms in adults with cortical migration disorder
Authors: Cerullo Angelina , Marini Carla , Carcangiu Roberta , Baruzzi Agostino , Tinuper Paolo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The International Classification of Epileptic Syndromes considers epileptic spasms to be typical seizures of West syndrome. Literature reports show that spasms are present in epileptic syndromes other than West syndrome but there are few data on their characteristics in adults.
We describe ictal, clinical and video‐polygraphic findings in three patients (aged 21, 32 and 57 years) with epileptic spasms and with diffuse (case 2), focal right fronto‐parietal (case 1) and bi‐opercular (case 3) pachygyria. Spasms had been present since the ages of 1 month, 11 and 27 years respectively. Only one patient is mentally retarded. Two of our patients (cases 2 and 3) have partial seizures.
Ictal polygraphic studies showed a positive, diffuse, high amplitude slow wave activity during spasms, with superimposed fast activity, followed by a diffuse flattening in all cases with a typical muscle pattern.
Epileptic spasms, as typically described in West syndrome, can maintain the same semeiological and electroencephalographic features during adulthood in certain patients with cortical dysplasia.
Efficacy of lamotrigine in idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndromes: a video‐EEG‐controlled, open study
Authors: Gericke Christian A. , Picard Fabienne , de Saint‐Martin Anne , Strumia Sylvia , Marescaux Christian , Hirsch Edouard 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This prospective, open, video‐EEG‐controlled study examined the efficacy of lamotrigine (LTG) as add‐on and monotherapy in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Methods
47 patients received LTG either because of insufficient seizure control (n = 35) or serious side effects of prior antiepileptic drugs (AED). Long‐term video‐EEG recordings were performed before and after the introduction of LTG. The mean follow‐up time was 25.5 months.

Results
Of 12 patients with refractory childhood absence epilepsy, 9 became seizure free; in one child with absences with eyelid myoclonia, absence frequency was reduced > 50%; in 2 children with absences with a mild atonic component, seizure reduction was only transient. Of 12 patients with juvenile absence epilepsy, 10 became seizure‐free and, in 2, a > 50% reduction was obtained. In 15 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, complete seizure control was achieved in 7 patients, in 6 patients myoclonia persisted. In one patient generalized tonic‐clonic seizures also persisted and another patient developed a rash, LTG was therefore stopped. Of 5 patients with grand‐mal on awakening, 3 became seizure‐free, and a reduction of > 50% was obtained in one patient; LTG was stopped in one patient because of poor compliance. Three patients with pure photosensitive epilepsy became seizure‐free. At the end of the study, 11 patients were seizure‐free on LTG monotherapy, and in most other patients concomitant AED dosage could be substantially reduced.

Conclusions
Lamotrigine was effective and well tolerated in patients with various IGE syndromes, although differences were observed between individual syndromes and seizure types.
Non‐convulsive status in the ring chromosome 20 syndrome: a video illustration of 3 cases
Authors: Petit Jérôme , Roubertie Agathe , Inoue Y. , Genton Pierre 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the clinical history and the video‐EEG recordings of three young adults with r(20), who exibited repeated episodes of non‐convulsive status epilepticus, often triggered by emotional events.
This recognizable clinical entity associates a slight mental deficiency, behavioural disorder and epilepsy, often resistant to treatment and with a particular clinical presentation.
We demonstrate with video EEG recording, atypical absence status triggered by emotional behaviour with ictal EEG characterized by bifrontal slow waves, often rhythmic, or sharp waves.
Our report highlights the characteristic features of non‐convulsive status in this electro‐clinical syndrome.
Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia due to a subfrontal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Lombroso Cesare T. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The nature and nosology of nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia (NPD) have been controversial. Some authors consider it as a type of parasomnia, akin to night terrors and the official Classification of Sleep Disorder includes NPD within the parasomnias [1]. Others have opined for its epileptic nature, although mainly on circumstantial evidence. The location of the epileptogenic area has been so far unknown. A child with NPD was studied extensively, and in spite of normal scalp EEGs, all of his attacks were shown to originate from his right orbitofrontal cortex. Surgical ablation of an unsuspected cortical dysplastic lesion led to full control.
Ictal SPECT hyperperfusion reflects the activation of the symptomatogenic cortex in spontaneous and electrically‐induced non‐habitual focal epileptic seizures: correlation with subdural EEG recordings
Authors: Arnold Stephan , Noachtar Soheyl , Linke Rainer , Werhahn Konrad J. , Yousry Tarek A. , Winkler Peter A. , Tatsch Klaus 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report a patient with left temporal lobe epilepsy and a left parietal angioma, in whom ictal SPECT showed hyperperfusion in a spontaneous and an electrically‐induced, non‐habitual focal seizure. A SPECT investigation during an habitual seizure originating in the left temporal lobe showed a left temporal hyperperfusion. Electrical stimulation of the parietal cortex adjacent to the location of a previously resected angioma using subdural electrodes resulted in a non‐habitual seizure beginning with a unilateral somatosensory aura. Ictal SPECT of this seizure demonstrated contralateral central hyperperfusion. We conclude from our findings that ictal SPECT hyperperfusion reflects the activation of symptomatogenic cortex, which can be induced by both epileptic discharge and electrical stimulation.
Cardiac asystole in partial seizures
Authors: Scott Catherine A. , Fish David R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Literature review shows many anecdotal case reports of cardiac asystole in ictal recordings of partial seizures. We have reviewed our data from the last five years, of patients who are being assessed for epilepsy surgery and found 2 out of more than 1,500 complex partial seizures, recorded in 589 consecutive patients, showing a significant period of asystole (13 and 15 seconds). Our previous studies of cardiac and respiratory parameters during partial seizures showed that a central apnoea occurred in 39%. It is probable that sudden death during seizures is due to the interaction of both cardiac and respiratory irregularities. Although rare (occurrence < 0.15%), the possibility of cardiac asystole occurring in an epilepsy monitoring unit highlights the need for resuscitation equipment to be readily available and for trained nursing staff. Furthermore, it is important to recognize that the semiology of seizures may be affected by the consequences of secondary cardiac asystole.
Epileptic negative myoclonus and brief asymmetric tonic seizures. A supplementary sensorimotor area involvement for both negative and positive motor phenomena
Authors: Meletti Stefano , Tinuper Paolo , Bisulli Francesca , Santucci Margherita 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Epileptic negative myoclonus (ENM) is an epileptic motor dysfunction characterised by brief lapses of postural tone provoked by paroxysmal cortical discharges. We report the electrophysiological and video‐polygraphic findings in a patient presenting with the unusual association of ENM and brief asymmetric tonic‐postural seizures of cryptogenetic origin. Focal EMG silent periods in the left deltoid muscle (mean duration 81.2 ± 16.4 ms), time‐locked with vertex spikes were present. The time lag between spikes and ENM was 33.1 ± 4.6 ms. We suggest the involvement of mesial frontal areas in the genesis of both negative and positive motor phenomena.
Prognosis in nonconvulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Determining the prognosis in nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is complicated by several factors: under‐recognition of NCSE with its spontaneous resolution (thus decreasing the “denominator” of total cases that will have a poor outcome); incorrect diagnosis of NCSE based on misinterpretation of EEG “epileptiform” activity; mis‐classification of certain EEG patterns as NCSE (
e.g.
PLEDs; triphasic waves); and grouping of different populations that have markedly different co‐morbidities (ambulatory patients with NCSE together with comatose patients with electrographic seizure activity on EEG). There are almost no prospective studies with premorbid neuropsychometric studies, and retrospective studies typically include isolated cases, or case series that include conditions in which the cause of NCSE itself causes cognitive morbidity.

To summarize available data, absence status (ambulatory generalized non‐convulsive status epilepticus) would appear to carry no lasting morbidity. Complex partial status epilepticus in ambulatory patients rarely results in measurable permanent neurologic deficit, although rarely, short or longstanding deficits may clearly occur.

Because intensive treatment with intravenous anticonvulsants (
e.g.
benzodiazepines or phenytoin) can confer morbidity, the equation has not yet been made as to whether the morbidity of such intensive treatment for all cases of NCSE exceeds the morbidity of the disease itself. Larger, prospective studies will be needed to truly determine the prognosis in the different types of NCSE, stratified according to associated degrees of impairment (minimally impaired, moderately obtunded, comatose).
Clinical and EEG video‐polygraphic features of epileptic spasms in a child with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency. Efficiency of hydrocortisone
Authors: Mikaeloff Yann , Plouin Perrine , Dhondt Jean‐Louis , Ponsot Gérard , Dulac Olivier 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
West syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy which includes psychomotor deterioration. In rare cases, it is due to an inherited, progressive metabolic disease. We report a 2 year‐old child with dihydropteridine reductase deficiency who developed hypsarrhythmia and infantile spasms which were documented on video‐polygraphic EEG. Despite dietary restriction of phenylalanine, and oral administration of amine precursors, the initial course was unfavorable. A beneficial effect from hydrocortisone was then observed, with control of spasms and improvement of psychomotor delay.