bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enamel matrix derivative versus guided tissue regeneration in the presence of nicotine: a histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Pimentel Suzana Peres , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Saldanha Juliana Bezerra , Casati Márcio Zaffalon , Nociti Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAim: The goal of this histometric study was to compare the healing process of dehiscence‐type defects treated by enamel matrix derivative (EMD) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) under the effect of nicotine in the dog model.Materials and Methods: Eight mongrel dogs were used. Buccal osseous dehiscences were surgically created on the mesial roots of the mandibular third and fourth pre‐molars. The defects were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. After this period, the defects were randomly assigned to one of the treatments: open flap debridement (OFD), EMD or GTR with a resorbable membrane. During 4 months, the dogs received subcutaneous administration of nicotine (2 mg/kg twice a day with a 12 h interval between the applications). After this period, the animals were killed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included gingival recession, epithelial length, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum and new bone.Results: A superior length of new cementum was observed in the sites treated by EMD in comparison with OFD (p0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between GTR and the other groups.Conclusions: In the presence of nicotine, EMD may promote more new cementum formation than OFD while GTR failed to provide a significant difference.
Multiple bacterial species reside in chronic wounds: a longitudinal study
Authors: Gjødsbøl Kristine , Christensen Jens Jørgen , Karlsmark Tonny , Jørgensen Bo , Klein Bjarke M , Krogfelt Karen A 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the bacterial profile of chronic venous leg ulcers and the importance of the profile to ulcer development. Patients with persisting venous leg ulcers were included and followed for 8 weeks. Every second week, ulcer samples were collected and the bacterial species present were identified. More than one bacterial species were detected in all the ulcers. The most common bacteria found were Staphylococcus aureus (found in 93·5% of the ulcers), Enterococcus faecalis (71·7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (52·2%), coagulase‐negative staphylococci (45·7%), Proteus species (41·3%) and anaerobic bacteria (39·1%). Resident bacterial species were present in all the ulcers. In 76% of the ulcers, two or more (up to five) resident bacterial species were found. The most common resident bacterial species were S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, ulcers with P. aeruginosa were found to be significantly larger than ulcers without the presence of P. aeruginosa (P < 0·005). Our study demonstrated that the chronic wound is colonised by multiple bacterial species and that once they are established many of them persist in the wound. Our results suggest that the presence of P. aeruginosa in venous leg ulcers can induce ulcer enlargement and/or cause delayed healing.
Epidermal growth factor intralesional infiltrations can prevent amputation in patients with advanced diabetic foot wounds
Authors: Acosta Jorge Berlanga , Savigne William , Valdez Calixto , Franco Neobalis , Alba Jose S , Rio Amaurys del , López‐Saura Pedro , Guillén Gerardo , Lopez Ernesto , Herrera Luís , Férnandez‐Montequín José 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study examined if a series of epidermal growth factor (EGF) local infiltrations can enhance the healing process of complicated diabetic wounds. Twenty‐nine in‐hospital patients with diabetic neuropathic or ischaemic lesions with high risk of amputation were treated in a non controlled pilot study conducted at the National Institute of Angiology, Havana. Lesions, classified as Wagner’s grade 3 or 4, included ulcers ≥20 cm2 for ≥25 days or amputation residual bases ≥30 cm2 for ≥15 days, healing refractory despite comprehensive wound care. EGF (25 μg) intralesional infiltrations (≈250 μl of a 25 μg/ml solution/injection point) were performed thrice weekly up to the eighth week. Wound closure was monitored during the treatment and recurrence examined for a year following discharge from hospital. Eighty‐six per cent of the patients treated showed a productive granulation at infiltration session 8. Histological examination at this point indicated a substantial wound matrix transformation, granulation tissue cell repopulation and angiogenesis. Of the 29 patients treated, amputation was prevented in 17 (58·6%) of them who completed 24 infiltration sessions. They averaged 71·1 ± 18·3% of reepithelisation during a mean in‐hospital period of 66·5 ± 4·9 days. Wound recurrence after 1 year of follow‐up appeared in only one patient. Preliminary evidences suggest that EGF intralesional infiltrations may be effective in reducing diabetic lower limb amputation.
Altered skin blood perfusion in areas with non blanchable erythema: an explorative study
Authors: Lindgren Margareta , Malmqvist Lars‐Åke , Sjöberg Folke , Ek Anna‐Christina 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNon blanchable erythema, i.e. stage I pressure ulcer, is common in patients in acute and geriatric care and in nursing homes. Research has shown that this type of lesions is prone to develop into more severe pressure ulcers. The peripheral skin blood perfusion is of major importance for the development of pressure ulcers. The aim of this study was to explore the peripheral skin blood perfusion over time, in areas with non blanchable erythema and in corresponding undamaged areas on the opposite side of the body. A total of 19 measurements were performed, over time, using a laser Doppler perfusion imager. The blood flow distribution profiles over areas with non blanchable erythema and undamaged skin were found to be different. As the area of the non blanchable erythema decreased, the blood perfusion distribution profiles gradually became more heterogeneous; an area of high blood perfusion in the centre of the lesions was seen and the perfusion successively decreased closer to the edge. These results indicate that there are differences in blood perfusion between skin areas of non blanchable erythema and undamaged skin. The results also indicate that the visible redness in areas with non blanchable erythema is related to altered blood perfusion. The skin blood perfusion also seems to increase in relation to the size of the non blanchable erythema.
Comparing Vardenafil and Sildenafil in the Treatment of Men with Erectile Dysfunction and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Pooled Crossover Study
Authors: Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio , Porst Hartmut , Eardley Ian , Goldstein Irwin 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Data from head-to-head clinical trials of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are scarce, making it difficult for clinicians to differentiate among these agents to select the most appropriate treatment for their patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
This randomized, double-blind, crossover head-to-head clinical trial compared patient preference, efficacy, and safety of vardenafil and sildenafil in men with ED and diabetes, hypertension, and/or hyperlipidemia.

Methods
Prospective analysis was performed on two studies in which 1,057 men were randomized to vardenafil 20 mg (N = 530) or sildenafil 100 mg (2 × 50 mg encapsulated tablets) (N = 527) for 4 weeks. Following a 1-week washout, patients switched treatment for 4 weeks.

Main Outcome Measures
Patients were asked about overall preference: “Overall, which medication do you prefer?”, plus 11 other preference questions relating to their ED treatment. Efficacy assessments after each treatment period included the erectile function (EF) domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF); Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diary questions SEP2 and SEP3; Global Assessment Question (GAQ); and Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS). Data regarding adverse events were collected throughout the study.

Results
A total of 931 men (mean age 57.9 years) were included in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Non-inferiority of vardenafil over sildenafil was achieved for overall preference (vardenafil 38.9%; sildenafil 34.5%; and no preference 26.6%). Additionally, the change from baseline in the EF domain score of the IIEF achieved nominal significance for vardenafil over sildenafil (10.00 vs. 9.40; P = 0.0052). Patients also had a higher percentage of positive responses for vardenafil for SEP2, SEP3, GAQ, and 12 of 19 questions on the TSS. Both drugs were well tolerated.

Conclusions
This randomized, double-blind, head-to-head trial in ED patients with cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated noninferiority of vardenafil for overall preference. Vardenafil achieved nominal statistical superiority over sildenafil for several frequently used efficacy measures. Both drugs were well tolerated.
Temporal Dynamics of Rich Moth Ensembles in the Montane Forest Zone in Southern Ecuador1
Authors: Hilt Nadine , Brehm Gunnar , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTWe studied temporal dynamics of diverse moth ensembles (Arctiidae and Geometridae) in early and late succession stages of forest recovery in the montane zone of southern Ecuador. Moths were sampled using weak light sources (2 × 15 W tubes per trap) during three sampling periods (March–April 2002, wet season; October–November 2002, and August–October 2003, both “dry” seasons). Arctiid moth abundance hardly varied between sampling periods. Estimates of local diversity were lower in 2002 (wet and dry season) than in the dry season 2003, and ensemble composition was more strongly affected by sampling period rather than habitat differences. Geometridae ensembles revealed stronger temporal patterns. Geometrid abundance increased about twofold from the wet to the dry season, and temporal effects on species composition were far more pronounced that in arctiids. These differences might hint to variation in the dependence of geometrid versus arctiid larvae on ephemeral plant resources. Despite these significant temporal dynamics, in both families only a few of the more common species analyzed individually showed strong temporal changes in abundance. Almost all common species occurred as adults during all sampling periods. Therefore, even though temporal dynamics of moth ensembles are not negligible, both moth families are suitable “indicators” of community diversity and change along the succession gradient. Samples must be large enough, however, and preferably should be collated over various times of the year and in parallel, to allow for valid statements about moth diversity and species compositions in relation to habitat differences. These recommendations undermine the validity of the concept of “rapid biodiversity inventories” for speciose tropical insect communities.
Seasonality of Reproduction in Amazon River Dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) in Three Major River Basins of South America1
Authors: McGuire T. L. , Aliaga‐Rossel E. R. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTReproduction of Amazon River Dolphins, Inia geoffrensis, is generally reported to be highly seasonal; however, this conclusion is based on studies from only one area of Inia distribution from throughout the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. Our observations of live dolphins from the Orinoco, Amazon, and Mamoré river basins (in Venezuela, Peru and Bolivia, respectively) indicate that reproduction in Inia often occurs year‐round, with seasonal peaks varying according to geographic location. Inia neonates in Peru and Bolivia were seen in all seasons, and were observed most often in falling water (season was defined by relative water level). Conversely, neonates in Venezuela were seen at the end of low water and in rising water, yet were never observed during falling water. Inia mating behavior in Peru was observed in all seasons, while mating was observed only during falling and low water in Bolivia. Our review of the literature from throughout the range of Inia indicates variation in reproductive seasonality, with year‐round reproduction in some areas. Seasonality of peaks in births varied according to study area, and may be more closely associated with local environmental and prey conditions than with taxonomic relatedness, relative seasonal differences in water levels, or broad geographic distribution.
AN EXPLORATION INTO PARTICIPATION IN A FAITH‐BASED PRISON PROGRAM*
Authors: CAMP SCOTT D. , KLEIN‐SAFFRAN JODY , KWON OKYUN (KARL) , DAGGETT DAWN M. , JOSEPH VICTORIA 
Published: September 2006

Research Summary:The current research investigates the faith, sociodemographic, psychological, and criminal history factors associated with the decision to volunteer for a faith‐based program. Operational records were combined with data collected from self‐administered surveys. The results of the logistic regression model were successful in identifying factors related to program participation, including factors not included in previous studies. The findings suggest that program participants are motivated to make changes in their lives and are seeking their way in a religious sense. For example, program participants scored higher on average on the motivation for change scale used here, had higher rates of attendance in religious services since incarceration, and were more active in reading sacred scripture. Conversely, inmates who claimed higher levels of knowledge about their faith were less likely to participate in the Life Connections Program examined here.Policy Implications:The results of the analysis suggest that certain religious characteristics are associated with participation in a faith‐based program. The implication is that religious program providers need to pay attention to the match between the program content and the charactertistics of their potential program participants. The results also demonstrate the need to capture differences between participants and comparison subjects on dimensions not usually included in evaluations of faith‐based programs. Without knowledge of the selection process, there is no way to determine whether observed differences between program participants and “comparisons” are due to actual program effects or are an artifact of preexisting differences between the groups.
Experimental Characterization and Gray-Box Modeling of Spool-Type Automotive Variable-Force-Solenoid Valves With Circular Flow Ports and Notches
Authors: Cao M. , Wang K. W. , DeVries L. , Fujii Y. , Tobler W. E. , Pietron G. M. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
In automatic transmission design, electronic control techniques have been adopted through proportional variable-force-solenoid valves, which typically consist of spool-type valves (Christenson, W. A., 2000, SAE Technical Paper Series, 2000-01-0116). This paper presents an experimental investigation and neural network modeling of the fluid force and flow rate for a spool-type hydraulic valve with symmetrically distributed circular ports. Through extensive data analysis, general trends of fluid force and flow rate are derived as functions of pressure drop and valve opening. To further reveal the insights of the spool valve fluid field, equivalent jet angle and discharge coefficient are calculated from the measurements, based on the lumped parameter models. By incorporating physical knowledge with nondimensional artificial neural networks (NDANN), gray-box NDANN-based hydraulic valve system models are also developed through the use of equivalent jet angle and discharge coefficient. The gray-box NDANN models calculate fluid force and flow rate as well as the intermediate variables with useful design implications. The network training and testing demonstrate that the gray-box NDANN fluid field estimators can accurately capture the relationship between the key geometry parameters and discharge coefficient/jet angle. The gray-box NDANN maintains the nondimensional network configuration, and thus possesses good scalability with respect to the geometry parameters and key operating conditions. All of these features make the gray-box NDANN fluid field estimator a valuable tool for hydraulic system design.
Networked Real-Time Control Strategy Dealing With Stochastic Time Delays and Packet Losses
Authors: Kim Won-jong , Ji Kun , Ambike Ajit 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A novel model-predictive-control strategy with a timeout scheme and p-step-ahead state estimation is presented in this paper to overcome the adverse influences of stochastic time delays and packet losses encountered in network-based distributed real-time control. An open-loop unstable magnetic-levitation (maglev) test bed was constructed and employed for its experimental verification. The compensation algorithms developed in this paper deal with the network-induced stochastic time delays and packet losses in both the forward path and the feedback path simultaneously. With the p-sampling-period delay upper bound, the networked control system (NCS) can also accommodate up to p−1 successive packet losses. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this networked real-time control strategy.
Design of a Low-Turbulence, Low-Pressure Wind-Tunnel for Micro-Aerodynamics
Authors: Martin Michael J. , Scavazze Kevin J. , Boyd Iain D. , Bernal Luis P. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A novel wind-tunnel facility has been designed for measurement of lift and drag on micromachined airfoils. The tunnel is designed to operate with pressures ranging from 0.15 to 1.0 atmosphere, over a velocity range of 30 to 100m∕s, allowing for independent control of Reynolds and Knudsen number. The tunnel is designed for testing of airfoils with chords of 10 to 100 microns, giving a range of Reynolds numbers from 10 to 600, with Knudsen numbers reaching 0.01. Due to the structural constraints of the airfoils being tested, the wind tunnel has a 1cm cross-section. This small size allows the use of a 100-1 contraction area, and extremely fine turbulence screens, creating a low turbulence facility. Computational fluid dynamics is used to show that an ultra-short 100-1 contraction provides uniform flow without separation, or corner vortices. Velocity data obtained with impact and hot-wire probes indicate uniform flow and turbulence intensities below 0.5%.
Canine Distemper Virus Uses both the Anterograde and the Hematogenous Pathway for Neuroinvasion
Authors: Rudd Penny A. , Cattaneo Roberto , von Messling Veronika 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a member of the
Morbillivirus
genus that also includes measles virus, frequently causes neurologic complications, but the routes and timing of CDV invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. To characterize these events, we cloned and sequenced the genome of a neurovirulent CDV (strain A75/17) and produced an infectious cDNA that expresses the green fluorescent protein. This virus fully retained its virulence in ferrets: the course and signs of disease were equivalent to those of the parental isolate. We observed CNS invasion through two distinct pathways: anterogradely via the olfactory nerve and hematogenously through the choroid plexus and cerebral blood vessels. CNS invasion only occurred after massive infection of the lymphatic system and spread to the epithelial cells throughout the body. While at early time points, mostly immune and endothelial cells were infected, the virus later spread to glial cells and neurons. Together, the results suggest similarities in the timing, target cells, and CNS invasion routes of CDV, members of the
Morbillivirus
genus, and even other neurovirulent paramyxoviruses like Nipah and mumps viruses.
Vitamin D Intake and the Risk for Pancreatic Cancer in Two Cohort Studies
Authors: Skinner Halcyon G. , Michaud Dominique S. , Giovannucci Edward , Willett Walter C. , Colditz Graham A. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogues exhibit potent antitumor effects in many tissues, including the pancreas. Normal and malignant pancreatic tissues were recently shown to express high levels of vitamin D 1-α-hydroxylase, which converts circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. We examined associations between dietary intake of vitamin D, calcium, and retinol and subsequent risk for pancreatic cancer. We conducted prospective studies in cohorts of 46,771 men ages 40 to 75 years as of 1986 (the Health Professionals Follow-up Study), and 75,427 women ages 38 to 65 years as of 1984 (the Nurses' Health Study), documenting incident pancreatic cancer through the year 2000. Diet was ascertained by semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. We identified 365 incident cases of pancreatic cancer over 16 years of follow-up. Compared with participants in the lowest category of total vitamin D intake (&lt;150 IU/d), pooled multivariate relative risks for pancreatic cancer were 0.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.59-1.01] for 150 to 299 IU/d, 0.57 (95% CI, 0.40-0.83) for 300 to 449 IU/d, 0.56 (95% CI, 0.36-0.87) for 450 to 599 IU/d, and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.40-0.88) for ≥600 IU/d (Ptrend = 0.01). These associations may be stronger in men than women. After adjusting for vitamin D intake, calcium and retinol intakes were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In two U.S. cohorts, higher intakes of vitamin D were associated with lower risks for pancreatic cancer. Our results point to a potential role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of pancreatic cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1688–95)
Maternal Supplement, Micronutrient, and Cured Meat Intake during Pregnancy and Risk of Medulloblastoma during Childhood: A Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Bunin Greta R. , Gallagher Paul R. , Rorke-Adams Lucy B. , Robison Leslie L. , Cnaan Avital 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We conducted a case-control study of medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors of brain (PNET) to pursue findings related to vitamin and mineral supplements, micronutrients, and cured meat consumption during gestation. Mothers of 315 cases ages &lt;6 years at diagnosis in 1991 to 1997 identified from the United States and Canada through the Children's Oncology Group and mothers of 315 controls selected by random-digit dialing were interviewed. In the periconception period of the index pregnancy, case mothers were less likely than control mothers to report use of multivitamins [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.4-1.0; P = 0.08] and to be in the highest quartile of iron and folate intake from food and supplements combined (adjusted OR for iron, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; Ptrend = 0.008; adjusted OR for folate, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; Ptrend = 0.007). Case and control mothers had similar intakes of cured meats, although case mothers were more likely to have the combination of high cured meat and low vitamin C intake (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.3; P = 0.08). The results of the study add to the evidence of a protective role for multivitamins, suggest a possible role for micronutrients early in pregnancy, and generally do not support an association between cured meats and medulloblastoma/PNET. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(9):1660–7)