bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literacy of Professionals in Transnational Contexts of Practice: The Case of the Regulated Clobalized Profesions in the USA
Authors: Miller Bradley D. 
Published: March 2007

Over the last fifty years, literacy and its study have moved considerably beyond the ability solely to read and write; it may be now viewed as a centrally mediating factor to interpret the signs engraved into the texts of our experiences and the fulcrum to participate more fully in our public and our private worlds. Addressing the professional domains of literacy practices, this is a descriptive study designed to investigate bow professionals experience and use literacy skills and literate behaviors in transnational contexts practice. Using an ethnographic methodology and multi-method strategies, data gathering and analysis of this study are focused on providing a deeper understanding of the patterns of cross-border professional literacy engagements of the regulated U.S. professions in construction and design, business and finance, allied health, and technology and engineering. The results of the study indicate that across the affinity groupings mentioned above, professionals in transnational contexts of practice operate within at least five categories of literacy engagement: resources, people, information, systems, technology, with literacy skills and literate behaviors being directed principally toward working with people and systems overseas. 7he study alsoyieldeda series of professional practice literacy insights drawn from thematic congruencies across the data sets.
Supervising Persons with AIDS: A New Liability for Probation and Parole Officers
Authors: Lowenberg Janice M. 
Published: March 2007

Probation and parole officers are obligated in their duty to warn specific third parties of a probationer who is a prospective source of harm, or physical or financial risk to them or to the community. However, with the arrival of the deadly AIDS disease, probation and parole officers are faced with a new issue of third party risk and the protection of the public. Various key issues are raised within this article pertaining to the legal authority to disclose information on the AIDS carrier, the enforcement of disclosure of information, and to whom the information should be disclosed. Various states have adopted laws on disclosure of medical information while legislators are continuously attempting to control and set policies that would protect both the public from AIDS infection and the AIDS carriers themselves from discrimination. Until firm policies and conditions are established, seven general rules have been offered for probation and parole officers to follow in order to avoid lawsuits.
Multiple Phases of Gels and Biological Implications
Authors: Tanaka Toyoichi , Annaka Masahiko 
Published: March 2007

Synthetic polymer gels are known to exist in two phases - swollen and collapsed [1,2]. Volume transition occurs between the phases either continuously or discontinuously. More than two phases are found in gels consisting of copolymers of randomly distributed positively and negatively charged groups. They are characterized by distinct degrees of swelling; the gel can take one of a set of swelling values, but none of the intermediate values. The number of phases depends on the composition of positively and negatively charged monomers: the number decreases from a maximum of seven at a particular composition to one at pure cationic or anionic gel compositions. In these gels, polymer segments interact with each other through attractive or repulsive electrostatic interactions and through hydrogen bonding. The combination of these forces appears to result in multiple phases. The multiple phases seem to have important biological implications. The finding demonstrates that a polymer system can take a stable state other than swollen and collapsed phases, which were known only to proteins. Studying them may lead us to the principle with which linear chains of amino acids form unique and stable structures—a question of protein folding—and how they create marvelous functions such as molecular recognition, catalysis, and motion. The main portion of this article was previously published in Nature [3]. This article is the same as the lecture note given at the 34th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules held in Prague, 1992.
Design Using Available Assets: A Paradigm Shift in Design for Manufacture
Authors: Peplinski Jesse D. , Koch Patrick N. , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: March 2007

How can design for manufacture be implemented very early on a design timeline, for example, when only the product function is known? Our response to this question is embodied in an approach to design for manufacture based on the notion of design using available assets By design using available assets, we mean assembling both the product and its manufacturing process from existing resources there fore, design for manufacture becomes the selection of these resources We recognize three levels of abstraction in categorizing available assets the function level, the concept level, and the component level The function level is applicable in the earliest stages of design, so with our ap proach, we come one step closer to truly concurrent product and process development Our approach is embodied by both a computer support tool and a method for its use With this method, we use our computer tool to identify, evaluate, and select potential manufacturing alternatives for products modeled at different levels of abstraction In this paper, we first present the theoretical basis of our approach (our frame of reference) then we discuss its computer implementation Finally we highlight some of our tool's potential uses by exploring the selection of manufacturing processes and materials for a cover plate component from a design of an aircraft evac uation system Issues captured here are the richness of multiobjective selection under uncertainty Because this example illustrates just one step of our approach, our focus remains on our method rather than on the results per se
Concurrent Engineering in Real and Virtual Tool Production
Authors: Duhovnik Jože , Tavčar Jože 
Published: March 2007

Tool production is a widespread and indispensable part of every serial and mass production job. International competition and globalization require ever shorter time frames from idea to placement of the products on the market, and the time needed to produce the tools plays an important part in this process. A proper information system plays a crucial part in concurrent engineering, because it en ables greater reviewability of the production process and thus, greater overlapping of individual phases (Prasad, 1996). The first step in the re-engineering of a company's information system is gaining a thorough knowledge of the work process. This paper presents the methodology of analysis of information creation and information flow. The most important requirements are identified, and con crete solutions are presented for the creation of an appropriate information system. We have connected tool production and the develop ment of serial products and managed to reduce the time to product fabrication. In individual production, all phases must be closely con nected ; a complete toolmaking facility was therefore designed as a well-connected informational whole (Tavčar and Duhovnik, 1997; 1998). Concurrent work requires independent documentation of individual building blocks and data transparency throughout all phases, from preparation of the tender to manufacture. Expansion of the functionality of a product data management (PDM) system to include monitoring and management of production proved to be an appropriate solution for the majority of set requirements. A virtual toolmaking factory was set up to increase capacity during peak production periods. When the concept was tested in the Domel Toolmaking Factory, the average tool production time was reduced by 32%.
Introduction
Authors: Fontes Lisa Aronson 
Published: March 2007

In the past six weeks (April 1994) I have been fortunate to have visited the Dachau, Germany concentration camp, and the Holocaust Museum in Washington, DC, viewed the Academry Award-winning film "Schindler's List," and now to have the apportunity to have read Moshe Lang. It is mindboggling to serve witness to the inhumanity of humankind. My sadness continues as atrocities occur throughout this planet. Will there ever be a time when people will not live amidst suffering? -Jon Carlson, Editor
Career Assessment: A Social Psychological Perspective
Authors: Dorn Fred J. 
Published: March 2007

The application of social psychological principles to the therapeutic relationship has lead to the development of a theoretical model of social influence which proposes that counseling is a process of interpersonal influence. This article outlines the conceptualization of career assessment from a social influence perspective. An overview of the social influence model is provided with a relevant review of the applicable literature. A brief discussion of the role that assessment must play in the counseling relationship follows. The utilization of the Career Beliefs Inventory (Krumboltz, 1991) as a measure of client attitudes about the career development process is discussed within the context of the attitude change process. The author proposes that career beliefs are the attitude constructs of career choice as an extension of family drama and provides a case study to illustrate this position. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered within the context of current research on assessment within the career counseling relationship and the application of social influence principles to the career assessment and career development process.
Development of Nurse-Client Relationships: What Helps?
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND: The orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship may be prolonged when the client has a chronic mental illness. However, there is a lack of information about the factors that influence the duration of the orientation phase or the percep tion of the relationship. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to identify factors that influenced the progress of the therapeutic relationship during the orientation phase. The correlations be tween demographic variables and the progress in the relationship, specifically the length of time in the orientation phase and the quality of the therapeutic relationship, were examined. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data was conducted The original study used a prospective, longitudinal panel design. The study used a nonprobability, purposive sample of 124 newly formed nurse-client dyads. Data were collected multiple time points. RESULTS: Variables related to a shorter orientation phase included longer nurse-client meetings, more total time in such meetings, and shorter previous client hospitaliza tions. The age and experience of the nurse, the age of the client, the total time spent in nurse-client meetings, the number of previous hospital admissions, and the length of time the nurse and client knew one another before working together were factors that influenced the progress of the therapeutic relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Some demographic variables that were related to the progress of the therapeutic relationship, for example, patient age, cannot be altered However, other variables that influence the duration and perception of the nurse-client relation ship can be changed. Thus, organizational and practice changes could be made to facilitate the movement of the nurse-client relationship. (J AM PSYCHIATR NURSES A SSOC [1995J. 1,146-153)
A Comparison of Paralle Lization Techniques for a Finite Element Quasigeostrophic Model of Regional Ocean Circulation
Authors: Kumaran Santhosh , Miller Robert N. 
Published: March 2007

A barotropic, quasigeostrophic, finite-element model of regional ocean circulation is implemented on three parallel architectures: a Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) vector computer, a Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) hypercube, and a network of workstations connected together using Fiber Distrib uted Data Interface (FDDI). Specific computation-inten sive tasks are identified, and alternative algorithms are implemented and compared. Detailed performance comparisons are presented. lssues in parallel algo rithm design, such as portability, scalability, and effi ciency, are studied in an attempt to provide guidance to numerical modelers wishing to use parallel and dis tributed computing. The first intended application is the analysis of the meandering of the Kuroshio, an intense current in the North Pacific which is the dynamical analog of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic. Here we consider the distinctive eddy patterns off the coast of Japan. The model reproduces the observed bimodality, which appears in this model through a Hopf bifurcation.
The Final Thermal Inspection of Buildings by Means of Short Period Performance Monitoring: Two Case Studies
Authors: Esposti Walter 
Published: March 2007

Thermal performance monitoring of buildings and heating systems has been used in Italy since 1979. The main purposes were to assess both the typical energy con sumption of the different construction technologies used, and the amount of saving obtained by energy conservation measures or solar energy applications. For the purposes of research, the data acquisition systems used were quite sophisti cated, and the monitoring period very long (up to 3 years). In this paper the author discusses the possiblity of making use of short period performance monitoring as a basis for the final thermal evaluation of a building; this is done by presenting two relevant case studies. The first case regards a school building (17,750 m3) where the heating system is solar assisted by 800 m2 of air collectors. The working of the system was specially designed to take into account the complex utilization pattern of the building. The second case regards a convertible mobile home (140 m3) designed for emergency assistance in case of earthquake: in this case the heating system is electric. After outlining the buildings' construction and physical parameters, the author de scribes the testing procedure adopted. The results obtained are then presented, comparing the measured behaviour of the buildings and systems with the expected ones. Starting from these first experiences, some aspects regarding the possibility of per forming a final thermal evaluation of buildings based on this technique are discussed, such as: • the shortest significant performance monitoring period • types and minimum significant number of parameters to be measured • physical parameters qualifying the energy consumption of buildings • complementary measurements (useful or necessary) Finally, the author gives a short account of future work on the possibility to use low-cost instrumentation.
Understanding Surface Sweating
Authors: Khanpara J.C. , Behrens E.W. 
Published: March 2007

The sweat control provided by cold pipe/sheet insulation depends on the surface temperature, the dew point of air and the thermal and surface characteris tics of the insulation. The objective of the present research is to observe and better understand how surface sweating on closed cell foam insulation occurs at different relative humidities and air temperatures. An apparatus was built to measure the sur face temperature of foam insulation on a cold plate at various air temperatures and relative humidities. From the analysis of the experimental data, it can be concluded that the surface of an insulation would visibly sweat only if adverse conditions of air temperature and relative humidity are sustained for rather long periods of time. The reasons are a strong dependence of surface sweating on surface temperature, an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient with relative humidity at constant air tempera ture, and a possible condensation of a thin invisible layer of water on the surface.
Novel Innovative Concept for Self-Drying of the Insulation of Cold Piping
Authors: Korsgaard Vagn 
Published: March 2007

The self-drying concept for the insulation of cold piping is based on the wicking action of a hydrophillic fabric which is wound around the pipe and ex tended through the slot of the tubular insulation mantel. If the dew point of the am bient air is below the temperature of the surface of the pipe, water vapour will diffuse through the insulation, condense on the pipe and be sucked up by the wick fabric and transported by wicking action through the slot to the surface of the insulation mantel, from where it will evaporate into the ambient air. In this paper, an experimental set-up is described which within a few hours can demonstrate the self-drying concept. Results are given that show that the concept is able to prevent moisture build up in tubular mineral fibre insulation even without any vapour retarder jacket. The concept can also be used on piping below freezing temperature if the cooling plant is closed down for a short period once a year or every other year, depending on the permeability of the vapour retarder jacket.
Interlaboratory Comparison of the Measurement of Retention Curves
Authors: Hansen Morten Hjorslev , Houvenaghel Geert , Janz Mårten , Krus Martin , Strømdahl Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

The results of an interlaboratory comparison of the measurement of apparent density, solid density, open porosity and retention curves are presented. Baumberger sandstone and Sander sandstone were used as test materials. Repeatability standard deviation and reproducibility standard deviation for the measurement of apparent density, solid density, open porosity and retention curve moisture content have been estimated from the results of the interlaboratory com parison. The statistical analysis was made along the guidelines given in ISO 5725-2.
Perception, Power and Responsibility in Management Development: A Study of the Implications for Change in the National Health Service
Authors: Thompson David 
Published: March 2007

The argument starts from the recognition that the management developer has so far had only a very limited impact on the performance of National Health Service managers. One reason for this is found in a tendency to underestimate the importance of individual perception in the process of managerial learning. The paper suggests an approach which combines ideas about coalitions of power in managerial organisations with a soundly-based 'technology' of management development intervention. It maintains that the management developer may become a more effective change agent in organisations such as the National Health Service by adopting this approach, together with a more vigorous belief in creating change and accepting responsibility for its consequences. The practical implications are discussed by drawing on the evidence of a series of field studies carried out within the National Health Service.
Becoming Women: Transgendered Identities, Psychosexual Therapy and the Challenge of Metamorphosis
Authors: May Kathryn 
Published: March 2007

As a practising psychosexual therapist, working in the UK's National Health Service (NHS), I seek to position myself in this article as a reflexive practitioner working with clients moving between transgendered identities. The conceptual and linguistic tensions arising from such processes of metamorphosis seem considerable and may be exacerbated by the rigidity with which the heterobinarism of gender and sexuality is maintained within medical discourses. Recent directions taken in the work of some (primarily) feminist and queer theorists offer a different perspective, which calls for the recognition of a plurality of genders. Gender therefore becomes, superficially at least, an unstable category, whilst perhaps retaining underneath a bedrock of polarities which struggle to fit the shifting images and identities presented. I consider here the impact of these challenges upon work with transpeople and notions of gender identity - those upheld by the professional context in which I am operating; those of transsexual clients themselves and my own.
Grasping the opportunities within evolving nursing boundaries
Authors: Howard Rebecca 
Published: March 2007

■ The trigger for evolving change came from the change in junior doctor's working practices ■ Evolving nursing boundaries requires an evaluative and reflective approach to care delivery ■ Collaborative approaches, evidence based practice and effective outcomes are key responsibilities for Nurse Executives ■ Practice with accountability and lifelong learning are fundamental to advancing practice ■ Strategies for nursing practice must provide service time for educational study whilst maintaining required levels of clinical activity
Randomized evaluation trial on automation-assisted screening for cervical cancer: Results after 777,000 invitations
Authors: Nieminen Pekka , Kotaniemi-Talonen Laura , Hakama Matti , Tarkkanen Jussi , Martikainen Jorma , Toivonen Terttu , Ikkala Jorma , Anttila Ahti 
Published: March 2007

Objectives: New cervical screening methods have been developed. They seem to become accepted in routine use without randomized trials, within existing screening programmes. Our aim was to evaluate, in a randomized setting, the performance of automation-assisted cytological screening in routine use compared with conventional Papanicoalou (Pap) screening. Setting: This prospective study was based on a 1:2 individually randomized design. Altogether 777,144 women were invited to attend the routine screening programme. Results: Automation-assisted screening found more Pap class III (LSIL+) findings compared with conventional study arm, relative risk (RR) 1.08 (confidence interval 1.01–1.15). Also, detection rates of verified pre-cancers were more common in automation-assisted arm, RR 1.11 (1.02–1.21). Conclusions: Automation-assisted screening performed well compared with conventional screening. The difference was smaller than reported in non-randomized studies. A new technique may assume several years to reach the ultimate quality and can add costs without improving efficacy. Follow-up of prevented cervical cancers is required.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio comparison between surface coils and implanted coils
Authors: Arnder Lance L. , Shattuck Mark D. , Black Robert D. , Fitzsimons Elaine G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) from implanted coils is widely known to be superior to that from surface coils. This article addresses the quantitative aspects of this improvement by explicitly evaluating the magnetic vector potential in a conducting medium of finite extent for both implanted and surface coils. The predictions of the model are tested with actual image data from spin warp experiments on gelatin phantoms. The authors derived a simplified expression that yields the gain in SNR of an implanted coil relative to that of a surface coil and is valid in many practical situations.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of airways in humans with use of hyperpolarized 3He
Authors: Bachert Peter , Schad Lothar R. , Bock Michael , Knopp Michael V. , Ebert Michael , Grobmann Tino , Heil Werner , Hofmann Dirk , Surkau Reinhard , Otten Ernst W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe nuclear spin polarization of noble gases can be enhanced strongly by laser optical pumping followed by electron‐nuclear polarization transfer. Direct optical pumping of metastable 3He atoms has been shown to produce enormous polarization on the order of 0.4–0.6. This is about 105 times larger than the polarization of water protons at thermal equilibrium used in conventional MRI. We demonstrate that hyper‐polarized 3He gas can be applied to nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of organs with air‐filled spaces in humans. In vivo 3He MR experiments were performed in a whole‐body MR scanner with a superconducting magnet ramped down to 0.8 T. Anatomical details of the upper respiratory tract and of the lungs of a volunteer were visualized with the FLASH technique demonstrating the potential of the method for fast imaging of airways in the human body and for pulmonary ventilation studies.