bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tacharanite and other hydrated calcium silicates from Portree, Isle of Skye
Authors: Sweet Jessie M. , Bothwell D. I. , Williams D. L. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe vesicles of an olivine-dolerite that occurs as a small outcrop near Portree in the Isle of Skye contain zeolites and some hydrated calcium silicates. These latter include tobermorite, xonotlite, gyrolite, and what is presumed to be a new member of the tobermorite group. An attempt is made to account for the sequence of crystallization of the minerals.
Contribution to the study of ore minerals in some igneous rocks from Assynt
Authors: Stumpfl E. F. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe parageneses of opaque minerals in three Assynt rocks are described. A biotite-diorite dyke-rock of Lewisian age is characterized by a primary igneous assemblage of Fe-Ti oxides, pyrrhotine, and pentlandite. Effects of metamorphism are recognized, particularly in the oxidation of ilmenite in a Lewisian epidiorite dyke-rock. Cromaltite contains a primary assemblage of oxide minerals together with a later hydrothermal sulphide assemblage. Evidence from the opaque minerals cannot be reconciled with a theory of limestone assimilation. The correlation of the distribution of Co, Ni, and Cu in the rocks with the opaque minerals present is considered.
The Redfields meteorite—A unique iron from Western Australia
Authors: De Laeter J. R. , McCall G. J. H. , Reed S. J. B. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA metallic mass brought to the Western Australian Museum from the Wongan Hills district N.W. of Perth has been identified as an iron meteorite of unique type. It has graphite inclusions about I mm across distributed throughout the metal giving a ‘raisin bread’ appearance. Its nickel content (6·65 %) is comparable with that of coarse octahedrites but the kamacite grain structure is anomalous. Its gallium, germanium, and nickel contents place it close to, but outside, Wasson's chemical group IIb. Taenite is absent and troilite is rare. Neumann bands in the kamacite are distorted and the kamacite has flowed around large schreibersite inclusions. The latter have an exceptionally low nickel content (7·0 %) and probably formed at an unusually high temperature. The kamacite contains more phosphorus than normal iron meteorites, and small schreibersite grains in the kamacite are relatively nickel-poor (22 %). The unusual structure of this iron is thought to be due to one or more of the factors high carbon, high phosphorus, and relatively rapid cooling.
The crystal chemistry of the amphiboles. I: Refinement of the Crystal structure of ferrotschermakite
Authors: Hawthorne F. C. , Grundy H. D. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThree-dimensional counter-diffractometer data and a full-matrix least-squares method have been used to refine the crystal structure of a ferrotschermakite in the space group C2/m. The chemical composition of the amphibole is with cell parameters a 9·8179(7), b 18·1060(14), c 5·3314(5) Å, and β 105·00(I). Cation site-occupancies were initially assigned by ionic-radius criteria and refined with the constraint that the sum total of the site-occupancies be equal to the chemical analysis.The A-site shows positional and substitutional disorder and can be better represented by two sites, one on the mirror plane and the other on the 2-fold axis.Unit weights were used throughout the refinement and the final R-factor for 1207 observed nonequivalent reflections was 4·5 %.
A transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction study of muscovite and chlorite
Authors: Oertel G. , Curtis C. D. , Phakey P. P. 
Published: December 2006

SummarySingle-crystal diffraction patterns produced by transmitted radiation, both X-rays and electrons, reveal varying degrees of disorder and long-range order in common phyllosilicates from several different rock types. The transmission electron micrographs and their selected-area diffraction patterns demonstrate the presence of numerous stacking faults parallel to (001) of muscovite and chlorite. Individual stacking faults can be recognized by the diffraction-contrast fringe patterns they cause, and partial dislocations can be seen where such faults terminate inside a crystal. Long-range order of muscovite explains what seemed to be spurious, high ‘background’ levels that are sometimes encountered in the analysis of rock fabrics by transmitted X-rays.
Irish osumilite
Authors: Chinner G. A. , Dixon P. D. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryOsumilite of composition closely approaching that of the K,Mg end-member occurs as a significant constituent of tridymite-enstatite-feldspar-cordierite-hematite-magnetite buchites at the contact of the Tertiary dolerite plug of Tieveragh, Co. Antrim; it is proposed that the mineral be known as osumilite-(K,Mg). Despite laboratory demonstration of the metastability of osumilite-(K,Mg) over a wide pressure-temperature range, the unaltered character and apparently constant composition of the Tieveragh osumilites raises the possibility of an osumilite stability field within the system K2O-MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2.
The Barea, Dyarrl Island, and Emery meteorites, and a review of the mesosiderites
Authors: Mason Brian , Jarosewich E. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryBarea and Emery are typical mesosiderites, whereas Dyarrl Island is unique in having the lowest metal content and the highest FeO/(FeO + MgO) ratio of any meteorite of this class. Average pyroxene compositions have been determined for the individual mesosiderites, and show a sequential increase in FeSiO3 content, ranging from a mean of 21 mole % for Veramin to 45 mole % for Dyarrl Island. Steinbach may possibly be classed as a mesosiderite, since its mineralogy is identical except for the absence of plagioclase. Dalgaranga and Mt. Padbury may be a paired fall. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the silicate material of the mesosiderites is similar to, but not identical with the howardites; the overall range of composition is greater in the mesosiderites.
The crystal structure of buttgenbachite
Authors: Fanfani L. , Nunzi A. , Zanazzi P. F. , Zanzari A. R. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe crystal structure of buttgenbachite from Likasi (Congo) was solved by a three- dimensional Patterson function, computed using intensity data collected photographically by the Weissenberg method, and refined by successive Fourier maps and least-squares refinement to an R index 0·055 for 328 independent observed reflections. The cell content resulting from the structural analysis is Cu36·6Cl6·7(NO3)2·6(OH)63·9.2·1 H2O. The space group is P63/mmc with a = 15·750 Å and c = 9·161Å. The buttgenbachite structure is not completely ordered. It consists of a rigid three-dimensional skeleton formed by Cu co-ordination polyhedra sharing edges and corners. The large channels in the framework show a zeolite-like nature; inside the channels the disorder is caused by the different orientations of nitrate groups and by the occurrence of the substitution . The crystal structure of buttgenbachite is closely related to that of connellite. The mechanism of forming an isomorphous series is discussed: the present study shows that the replacement is more complicated than was supposed in the literature.
Effects of structural order and disorder on the infrared spectra of brittle micas
Authors: Farmer V. C. , Velde B. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryComparison of the infrared spectra (4000-50 cm−1) of natural and synthetic samples of margarite, beryllian margaritc, ephesite, and clintonite indicates that the tetrahedral layers of margarite and ephcsite, containing Si and Al in equal atomic proportions, are ordered as the spectra are sharp and show no Al-O-Al vibrations. Clintonite of this tctrahedral composition is disordered. The hydroxyl-stretching frequencies are affected by ionic substitutions in both the octahedral and tetrahedral layers. The spectra permit the distinction of the different species of brittle mica. They also indicate the presence of beryllium in margarite, and allow an estimate of the tetrahedral composition of clintonites.
Phase Equilibria in the System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O: Chlorites and Associated Minerals
Authors: Velde Bruce 
Published: December 2006

SummaryTwenty-six compositions in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O were investigated under conditions of 1 and 2 Kb water pressure and temperatures between 300 and 700°C. The solid solution for 7 Å and 14 Å chlorites has been delimited as well as that of the expanding phases (tri- and dioctahedral montmorillonites and expanding chlorites). Negative slopes were found for the transformation montmorillonite → expanding chlorite, and expanding chlorite → chlorite+quartz and a positive slope for 7Å → 4 Å transformation. The relative positions of the reactions chlorite+quartz → cordierite+talc, chlorite+andalusite → cordierite and chlorite+corundum → cordierite+spinel are located between 500 and 65°C.Cell dimensions of the synthetic chlorites can be correlated with their chemical composition. Solid solution in synthetic minerals compares well with 325 analysis of natural minerals from the literature, indicating that the chemiographic relations between phases in the simplified synthetic system are applicable to natural mineral assemblages. The phase relations indicate that at low temperature the 7Å aluminous chlorite is not stable with quartz or another silica phase.
Application of gas chromatography to
mineral chemistry: aluminium-silicon ordering in
melilites
Authors: Lachowski E. E. , Glasser F. P. 
Published: December 2006

Summary
The mole fractions of the silicons present
in melilites as monomeric
(SiO4) and dimeric
(Si2O7)
groups depends both upon the composition of the
melilite and also upon the degree of Al-Si
ordering. It is shown that the absolute numbers of
monomeric and dimeric silicons in a 10 mg
polycrystalline sample can be determined by a
relatively rapid chromatographic method.
A statistical theory is developed to treat
the data; this contains a variable
k-parameter that
describes the degree of ordering.
Experimental results are presented and
interpreted for one natural and five synthetic
melilites. The synthetic gehlenite-rich melilites
are appreciably, but not completely disordered.
The natural melilite is well ordered, but heating
at 1050 °C introduces considerable
disorder.
Palladium arsenide-antimonides from habira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Clark A. M. , Criddle A. J. , Fejer E. E. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe arsenopalladinite concentrates from Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil, have been found to contain three arsenide-antimonides of palladium, namely arsenopalladinite, atheneïte, and isomertieite. The second and third of these are new minerals.Arsenopalladinite, redefined, is Pd5(As,Sb)2 and triclinic with a 7·399, b 14·063, c 7·352 Å, α 92° 03′, β 118° 57′, γ 95° 54′. Z = 6. Dmeas = 10·4, Dcalc = 10sd46. In reflected light arsenopalladinite is white with a yellowish creamy hue. The mineral shows complex polysynthetic twinning and is strongly anisotropic. Reflectance measurements at 470, 546, 589, and 650 nm respectively gave: in air, 46·67–48·86, 49·97–52·90, 52·82–54·96, and 55·61–57·72 in oil, 32·30–35·07, 37·12–39·40, 38·97–41·32, and 40·28–43·07. VHN100 379–449, av. 407.Atheneïte, (Pd, Hg)3As, is hexagonal, space group P6/mmm and cell dimensions a 6·798, c 3·483 Å. The strongest lines of the powder pattern are 2·423 vvs (111) , 2·246 vs (201), 1·371 s (212), 1·302 s (302), 1·259 s (321). Z =2. Dcalc = 10·16. In reflected light atheneïte is white with a faint bluish tint compared to arsenopalladinite. Anisotropy distinct. Untwinned. Reflectivities for the two grains examined are: in air, 470 nm 47·51–54·75, 47·43–51·18; 546 nm 50·79–58·01, 51·36–54·36; 589 nm 53·13–61·01, 53·24–55·86; 650 nm 55·94–63·13, 54·76–56·77; in oil, 470 nm 30·03–43·67, 33·46–37·31; 546 nm 33·42–47·75, 37·64–41·07; 589 nm 35·80–49·04, 39·40–42·24; 650 nm 38·25–50·49, 41·07–42·85. VHN100 419–442, av. 431.Isomertieite, (Pd,Cu)5(Sb,As)2, is cubic, space group Fd3m, a 12·283 Å. The strongest lines of the powder pattern are 2·356 vs (333, 511), 2·167 vvs (440), 0·8599 s (10.10.2, 14.2.2), 0·8206 s (12.8.4), 0·7996 s (10.10.6, 14.6.2), 0·7881 s (999, 1.11.1, 13·7·5, 15·3·3), 0·7801 s (12.10.2, 14.6.4). Z = 16. Dcalc = 10·33. In reflected light isomertieite is a pale yellow colour. One grain was isotropic, three others displayed weak anisotropy. Untwinned. Reflectance measurements at 470, 546, 589, and 650 nm gave respectively: in air, 44·74–46·46, 52·23–53·25, 55·05-57·49, 56·97–62·03; in oil, 31·04–31·40, 38·42–38·90, 40·80–42·16, and 42·91–45·63. VHN100 587–597, av. 592.Quantitative colour values are also given, and the chemical and optical properties are compared with the related mineral, stibiopalladinite.
Zeolites and associated secondary minerals in the Deccan Traps of Western India
Authors: Sukheswala R. N. , Avasia R. K. , Gangopadhyay Maya 
Published: December 2006

SummaryZeolites (eight species) and the associated secondary minerals (minerals akin to zeolites, chlorites and related minerals, silica, and calcite) in the Deccan Traps of Western India have been examined in some detail on the basis of chemical, optical, and X-ray studies. The three zeolite zones (laumontite, scolecite, and heulandite, in ascending order) suggested by Walker have been recognized. Efforts have been made to understand their genesis. On available field and laboratory data it is suggested that the different zones of zeolitization are the result of increasing depth and the action of the circulating fluids on the rocks. The activity of such solutions was probably enhanced in the wake of the structural disturbances and intrusive activity that affected the rocks of this area.
The alkali-feldspar solvus at 1 kilobar water-vapour pressure
Authors: Smith Peter , Parsons Ian 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe compositions of feldspar pairs crystallized from stoichiometric alkali feldspar gels with water at PH2O≈ 1 kbar in runs of up to 3000 hours' duration vary with Na:K in the starting material. This is because, for most bulk compositions, rapid nucleation in the gel leads to growth of one feldspar phase outside the solvus. The composition of this initial feldspar phase can be thought of as reflecting the configuration of the liquidus-solidus curves in the system Ab-Or. In general, the attainment of the stable equilibrium solvus (binodal) requires that one phase approach the binodal from outside; for compositions with < 30 mole % Or this phase becomes more potassic with time, with > 30 mole % Or, more sodic. Homogeneous gels of bulk composition Ab70Or30initially crystallize feldspar pairs inside the binodal, which rapidly (< 17 hours) unmix to define a solvus-like curve (probably the spinodal, with an apparent critical point at 602 °C and 31 mole % Or) and then unmix slowly, giving a solvus after 3000 hours with a critical point at 657 °C and 36 mole % Or.Because this curve has been approached from two directions it is the best approximation to the binodal (metastable only with respect to Al-Si order) obtained. It is similar to the 2 kbar ‘peralkaline’ solvus of Orville, 1963, provided an adjustment for pressure of 16 °C/kbar is made. Differences between solvi determined by Luth and Tuttle (1966) for ‘non-stoichiometric’ bulk compositions may reflect differences in initial crystallization behaviour, as may the breaks in the solvus limbs suggested by Luthet al.(1974).
Clinobisvanite, monoclinic BiVO4, a new mineral from Yinnietharra, Western Australia
Authors: Bridge P. J. , Pryce M. W. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryMonoclinic BiVO4, well known as a high-temperature compound, has been found as a mineral at Yinnietharra and subsequently in specimens from five further W.A. localities, Londonderry, Wodgina, Menzies, Westonia, and Corinthia. At the type locality, the mineral occurs on garnet in a beryl-bearing spessartine pegmatite associated with bismutite, bismutoferrite, and other pegmatite minerals.Clinobisvanite occurs as yellow powder and orange aggregates and plates to 0·1 mm, is commonly intergrown with bismutite, and frequently associated with its polymorph pucherite. It has a yellow streak, earthy to subvitreous lustre, is very soft with perfect {010} cleavage, D calc. 6·95, transparent in very thin cleavage flakes, and shows multiple twinning with cross hatching, strong dispersion and n calc. 2·63.Space group I 2/a, a, 5·186, b 11·708, c 5·100 Å, β 90° 26′ refined from powder data. An electronprobe analysis gave Bi2O3 69·88, V2O5 27·63, PbO 1·34 sum 98·85. Cell content 4[BiVO4] with minor substitution of Pb for Bi. All measurable data agree with earlier work including a prior description of the mineral from Mozambique.Type material is preserved in the government collections at the Government Chemical Laboratories, W.A.
Attitudes and Practices of Breast Cancer Consultations Regarding Sexual Issues: A Nationwide Survey of Japanese Surgeons
Authors: Takahashi Miyako , Kai Ichiro , Hisata Mitsuru , Higashi Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2006

Purpose To investigate doctors' current practices and attitudes and correlates of sexuality-related consultations in clinical encounters. Methods A nationwide, self-administered mail survey was conducted with 1,313 board-certified Japanese breast surgeons in August 2001. Surgeons were asked about their experiences regarding consultations about sexual issues, attitudes toward sex-related statements, and advice to a patient's hypothetical question on having sex after undergoing breast cancer treatment. Results Of the surveyed sample, 635 surgeons (50.3%) responded. Of these surgeons, 32.4% had been consulted about sexual issues by patients or families. Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that female respondents (P < .01), respondents whose hospitals conduct a large number of breast cancer operations annually (P < .01), and respondents who agreed that “Surgeons have a professional responsibility to deal with patients' sexual issues” (P < .01) were significantly more likely to be consulted. Respondents who agreed that “If any sexual problem exists, patients will raise the topic before surgeons ask them” were less likely to be consulted (P < .05). Respondents' attitudes toward the sex-related statements showed that, although the majority recognized the importance of patients' sexuality-related concerns, they did not necessarily think that surgeons had a professional responsibility to deal with them. Regarding their advice in response to the question of “Are there any particular things to be careful about when having sex after surgery?”, 32.8% answered “nothing in particular.” Conclusion This study shows that talking about sex-related topics is still repressed in patient–doctor encounters in Japan. It is an urgent matter to increase doctors' awareness and clinical skills to deal with patients' sexual issues.
Early Invasive Cervical Cancer: Tumor Delineation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Clinical Examination, Verified by Pathologic Results, in the ACRIN 6651/GOG 183 Intergroup Study
Authors: Mitchell Donald G. , Snyder Bradley , Coakley Fergus , Reinhold Caroline , Thomas Gillian , Amendola Marco , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Woodward Paula , Pannu Harpreet , Hricak Hedvig 
Published: December 2006

Purpose To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and clinical examination for delineating early cervical cancer and for measuring tumor size. Patients and Methods A 25-center study enrolled 208 patients with biopsy-proven invasive cervical cancer for MRI and CT before attempted curative radical hysterectomy. Each imaging study was interpreted prospectively by one onsite radiologist and retrospectively by four independent offsite radiologists, who were all blinded to surgical, histopathologic, and other imaging findings. Likelihood of cervical stromal and uterine body involvement was rated on a 5-point scale. Tumor size measurements were attempted in three axes. Surgical pathology was the standard of reference. Results Neither MRI nor CT was accurate for evaluating cervical stroma. For uterine body involvement, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was higher for MRI than for CT for both prospective (0.80 v 0.66, respectively; P = .01) and retrospective (0.68 v 0.57, respectively; P = .02) readings. Retrospective readers could measure diameter by CT in 35% to 73% of patients and by MRI in 79% to 94% of patients. Prospective readers had the highest Spearman correlation coefficient with pathologic measurement for MRI (rs = 0.54), followed by CT (rs = 0.45) and clinical examination (rs = 0.37; P < .0001 for all). Spearman correlation of multiobserver diameter measurements for MRI (rs = 0.58; P < .0001) was double that for CT (rs = 0.27; P = .03). Conclusion In patients with cervical cancer, MRI is superior to CT and clinical examination for evaluating uterine body involvement and measuring tumor size, but no method was accurate for evaluating cervical stroma.
Zinc(II) and Copper(I)–Ferrocenedicarboxylate Polyhedron and Polygon
Authors: Kim Young S , Kim Jaheon , Kim Don , Chae Hee K 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Metal organometallic carboxylates with unusual polyhedral and rectangular shapes have been prepared by the reaction of 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxylic acid (H2FDCA) with ZnII and CuII to give [Zn6O2(FDCA)5(H2O)(DMF)]·(DMF)4 (1), [Zn8O4(FDCA)6(H2O)3]·(DMA)4·(H2O)2 (2), and [Cu4(FDCA)2] (3), respectively (DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide; DMA = N,N′-dimethylacetoamide). SQUID data of zinc compounds show that iron ions of the ferrocene moieties in the compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling.
The Crystal Structure of Methylphenylarsinic Acid: A Contaminant of Rice Plants and Groundwater
Authors: Chan Eric J , Edmonds John S , Kazawa Kozo , Skelton Brian W , White Allan H 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Methylphenylarsinic acid, MePhAsO·OH, a contaminant of rice plants and of groundwater, has been the subject of a single crystal X-ray study. In the crystal lattice the molecules form hydrogen-bonded chains linking O···HO entities; As–O, OH are 1.654(1), 1.719(1) Å.
Preparation of Zinc–Homoenolate from α-Sulfonyloxy Ketone and Bis(iodozincio)methane
Authors: Nomura Kenichi , Matsubara Seijiro 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Treatment of α-sulfonyloxy ketone with bis(iodozincio)methane gives a zinc cyclopropoxide which is formed via a nucleophilic addition of the reagent to carbonyl group followed by an intramolecular substitution reaction.
Cu2(C3H2N3O3)2(C10H8N2): A Hydrogen-bonded Assemblies Supermolecule Containing 1D Channels and Novel Two-coordinated Linear N–Cu–N Configurations
Authors: Du Ji-Min , Kang Dae Joon 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The title compound was successfully synthesized by the simple hydrothermal route. Interestingly, the title compound exhibits a rare two-coordinated linear N–Cu–N configuration around cuprous ions. Furthermore, the title compound is stacked via hydrogen-bond assembly in three dimensions to form the supermolecule with a channel of 3.98(5) × 8.81(1) Å along the b axis, which may be useful in studying the porous coordination materials.
Electronic Structure Analysis of Interface between Support Surface and Cocatalyst for Water Splitting Layer Photocatalyst by DFT Method
Authors: Shimodaira Yoshiki , Kudo Akihiko , Kobayashi Hisayoshi 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The electronic structures of cocatalyst/photocatalyst interface (NiOx/K2La2Ti3O10) used for water splitting were investigated by the two-dimentional surface model DFT calculations. The difference in electronic states at the interface between the cocatalyst and photocatalyst was characterized in terms of the crystal faces of support photocatalyst. This result explains the difference in mobility of the photoexcited electron from the support photocatalyst to the cocatalyst between two different crystal surfaces of photocatalyst.