bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of CDC91L1 (PIG‐U) in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma: correlation with clinical variables and prognostic significance
Authors: Shen Yi‐Jun , Ye Ding‐Wei , Yao Xu‐Dong , Trink Barry , Zhou Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Shi‐Lin , Dai Bo , Zhang Hai‐Liang , Zhu Yao , Guo Zhongmin , Wu Guojun , Nagpal Jatin 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo investigate cell division cycle 91‐like 1 (CDC91L1; also called phosphatidylinositol glycan class U, PIG‐U) expression in bladder cancer at both the mRNA and protein levels, and to study its clinical and prognostic significance, as CDC91L1 was recently identified as a new oncogene in human bladder cancer and its role in the biological behaviour of bladder cancer is largely unknown.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 73 bladder tumours and 14 samples of normal bladder urothelium were studied by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real‐time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTSThe normalized CDC91L1 mRNA copy number in tumours was significantly greater than in normal controls (P < 0.05). There was overexpression of CDC91L1 mRNA in 30.1% (22/73) of the bladder tumours compared with the normal urothelium. At the protein level, 75.3% (55/73) of the bladder tumours and two of 14 of the normal urothelium had high expression of CDC91L1 protein, which is statistically significant (P < 0.001). The correlation between CDC91L1 protein and tumour grade, and muscle invasion of tumour was significant (both P < 0.05). In addition to tumour extent and tumour grade, CDC91L1 protein was an independent predictor of recurrence for superficial bladder cancer and had a trend to predict tumour progression.CONCLUSIONSCDC91L1 (PIG‐U) plays a role in the development of bladder urothelial cell carcinoma. CDC91L1 protein might be a potential biomarker for prediction of recurrence and a therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Sexual desire and sexual activity of men and women across their lifespans: results from a representative German community survey
Authors: Beutel Manfred E. , Stöbel‐Richter Yve , Brähler Elmar 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVESTo present data on sexual desire and sexual activity from a representative survey of men and women covering the total age range of the adult German population, as previous studies have usually been based on samples selected for gender (either men or women) and age (ageing populations).SUBJECTS AND METHODSA representative sample of 2341 men and women aged 18–93 years were surveyed to determine frequency and intensity of sexual desire and sexual activity, and their social, individual and interpersonal characteristics.RESULTSSexual desire declined with advancing age; overall, men reported more frequent and stronger sexual desire than women. However, there were important interactions between gender and age indicating an earlier decline among women. For both men and women, sexual activity in older participants was mostly an issue of the presence of a partnership. There were additional social and personality determinants of a lack of sexual desire and sexual inactivity: in men, sexual desire was compromised by social factors (unemployment, low income), while in women these were previous sexual traumas (childhood sexual abuse, rape).CONCLUSIONCommunity surveys elucidate the trajectory of sexual desire and activity across the lifespan. Further research on the determinants and risk factors for a lack of sexual desire and sexual inactivity is recommendable taking gender and age composition of the samples into account.
Assessing the vesico‐urethral anastomosis after radical retropubic prostatectomy: transrectal ultrasonography can replace cystography
Authors: Eggert Thilo , Palisaar Jüri , Metz Petra , Noldus Joachim 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo determine if transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is as reliable as cystography in detecting vesico‐urethral extravasation (VE) after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween October 2005 and February 2006 we prospectively investigated 100 consecutive patients undergoing RRP. The vesico‐urethral anastomosis was assessed 6 days after RRP by a combined investigation with TRUS and cystography.RESULTSIn most patients (79%), at 6 days after RRP the vesico‐urethral anastomosis was watertight or showed minimal leakage (8%), so that the urinary catheter was removed. Different degrees of VE were detected in 21 patients. Because of small, moderate or marked VE, the indwelling catheter remained until 9, 14 and 21 days after RRP in five, three and five patients, respectively. Every VE documented by cystography was detected by TRUS beforehand; therefore TRUS showed no false‐negative results in detecting a leaking anastomosis. In two patients paraurethral fluid was detected by TRUS mimicking VE, with no confirmation by cystography.CONCLUSIONSTRUS can safely replace cystography for detecting anastomotic leakage after RRP. The decision to remove the catheter after RRP can be made without radiation exposure and use of expensive contrast medium.
The use of an endoscopic stapler vs suture ligature for dorsal vein control in laparoscopic prostatectomy: operative outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Mike M. , Turna Burak , Santos Bruno R. , Frota Rodrigo , Aron Monish , Stein Robert J. , Hafron Jason M. , Gill Inderbir S. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo identify differences in operative outcome between methods of controlling the dorsal vein complex during laparoscopic prostatectomy, i.e. suture ligature or stapling with an endoscopic stapler (Endopath ETS Flex 45 linear stapler; Ethicon, Cincinnati, OH, USA).PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 120 patients who had a laparoscopic prostatectomy between January 2005 and October 2006 were assessed; 60 had suture ligature and 60 were treated with the stapler. In a multivariate analysis accounting for baseline patient and disease characteristics, the primary outcome variables evaluated included estimated blood loss (EBL), operative duration and positive margin rates.RESULTSThe baseline demographics were similar between the sutured and stapled groups for age (59.6 vs 60.1 years, P = 0.674), body mass index (29.2 vs 28.5 kg/m2, P = 0.237), preoperative prostate‐specific antigen level (5.3 vs 5.7 ng/mL, P = 0.5), Gleason score (6.4 vs 6.3, P = 0.294), clinical stage (77% vs 88% T1c, P = 0.052) and preoperative Sexual Health Inventory for Men score (19.4 vs 19.6, P = 0.813). Operative measures were not significantly different between the groups for EBL (287 vs 343 mL, P = 0.156) or operative duration (234 vs 223 min, P = 0.324). Apical margin involvement was also not significantly different (12% vs 7%, P = 0.121). The overall positive margin rate (30% vs 18%, P = 0.020) and disease volume (22% vs 13%‘extensive’, P = 0.021) were higher among the sutured group, but on multivariate analysis the overall margin rate was not significantly different.CONCLUSIONSThere was no difference between sutured and stapled control of the dorsal vein complex during laparoscopic prostatectomy in EBL, operative duration or positive margin rate.
Oncological outcomes of hand‐assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma: a single‐institution study with ≥3 years of follow‐up
Authors: Bandi Gaurav , Christian Matthew W. , Hedican Sean P. , Moon Timothy D. , Nakada Stephen Y. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the intermediate‐term outcomes of hand‐assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (HALRN) for clinically organ‐confined renal cell carcinoma (RCC).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed patients who had HALRN for clinically organ‐confined RCC at the University of Wisconsin from 1996 to 2003. All patients with pathologically confirmed RCC and with ≥3 years of follow‐up were included in a retrospective chart review of variables before, during and after HALRN, as well as the clinical outcomes.RESULTSIn all, 75 patients had HALRN in the study period; their mean age was 59 years, body mass index 29 kg/m2, operative duration 227 min, estimated blood loss 130 mL, and none required conversion to open nephrectomy. The median time to first oral intake was 2.5 days and the median hospital stay 4 days. On pathological examination the mean tumour size was 5.8 cm; 70% were pT1, 26% pT2 and 4% pT3; 82% were clear cell, 9% papillary, 8% chromophobe and 1% collecting duct carcinoma. Of the 65 patients who had a follow‐up of ≥36 months (mean 46, range 36–117), the 3‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 93.4% and 90.2%, respectively; the 3‐ and 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rate was 96.5% and 94.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that HALRN is a safe and minimally invasive treatment for managing clinically organ‐confined RCC, with good intermediate‐term oncological outcomes.
Neovesical‐urethral anastomotic stricture after orthotopic urinary diversion: presentation and management
Authors: Patel Sanjay G. , Cookson Michael S. , Clark Peter E. , Smith Joseph A. , Chang Sam S. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess the frequency, presentation, treatment, and outcomes of bladder neck contractures (BNCs) among patients who had an orthotopic urinary diversion after radical cystectomy.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively examined our single‐institution database of 788 patients who had a radical cystectomy from 1 January 1996 to 4 January 2006 for BNC; variables evaluated included presentation, degree of stricture/contracture, clinical management, and outcomes after management.RESULTSOf the 374 patients who had an orthotopic urinary diversion, 11 (2.9%) men developed BNC; four BNCs were between 17 F and 22 F, six were <17 F, and one was pinhole‐sized. Nine of the 11 patients presented with voiding difficulties, one in complete retention after complicated urinary tract infection, and one with new‐onset nocturnal urinary incontinence. The treatment of BNC included cystoscopic dilatation in the clinic in six and under anaesthesia in three, and transurethral incision with a Collins knife or holmium laser in seven. After treatment, all patients were instructed to use continuous intermittent catheterization (CIC). Ten patients had follow‐up data available after the intervention, with a mean (range) follow‐up of 40.6 (10.6–98.0) months. Six patients were stricture‐ free for a mean period of 35.4 (10.6–98.0) months, while four patients had a recurrence within a mean of 7.4 (1.3–17.1) months. At the last follow‐up, nine of the 10 patients were using CIC. No patient had significant daytime or night‐time incontinence after treatment.CONCLUSIONBNC develops in a small proportion of patients undergoing orthotopic urinary diversion, with most patients presenting with voiding difficulty. Most will require transurethral incision rather than an office‐based dilatation. After endoscopic incision to correct BNC, we recommend CIC to ensure complete emptying and to maintain the patency of the anastomotic stricture.
Impact of chronic prostatitis‐like symptoms on the quality of life in a large group of men
Authors: Walz Jochen , Perrotte Paul , Hutterer Georg , Suardi Nazareno , Jeldres Claudio , Bénard Francois , Valiquette Luc , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess the prevalence of chronic prostatitis (CP) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) symptoms in a large group of men, using the National Institute of Health‐Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH‐CPSI), and to evaluate which of the NIH‐CPSI symptoms had the most detrimental effect on quality of life (QoL).SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe NIH‐CPSI was completed by 1273 men during a male‐health promotion event. The presence of CP/CPPS‐like symptoms was defined according to the NIH‐CPSI criteria (perineal pain or ejaculatory pain and NIH‐CPSI‐pain score ≥ 4). Finally, using linear regression analyses we evaluated the effect of each questionnaire symptom on the NIH‐CPSI‐QoL domain.RESULTSThe mean (range) age of the men was 57.6 (40–89) years; 133 (10.5%) reported CP/CPPS‐like symptoms, with 62 (4.9%) reporting mild and 71 (5.6%) reporting moderate to severe CP/CPPS‐like symptoms. Men with CP/CPPS‐like symptoms had higher NIH‐CPSI‐QoL scores, showing a greater detriment of QoL (4.9 vs 2.5; P < 0.001). Of all NIH‐CPSI symptoms, urinary frequency was associated with the least favourable QoL, followed by incomplete bladder emptying, pain frequency and pain intensity. The individual pain location had no significant impact on the QoL.CONCLUSIONIn a large healthy population CP/CPPS‐like symptoms are common and have an important impact on QoL. Functional CP/CPPS‐like symptoms have a greater detrimental effect on QoL than pain symptoms. Therefore, these symptoms should represent the main therapeutic targets in affected patients.
The outcome of patients with pathological Gleason score ≥8 prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Rodriguez‐Covarrubias Francisco , Larre Stephane , De La Taille Alexandre , Abbou Claude‐Clement , Salomon Laurent 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo analyse the outcome of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for Gleason 8–10 clinically localized prostate cancer, and to evaluate the prognostic value of well‐known predictors of progression.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 1480 patients had RP between 1988 and 2006, of whom 180 had pathological Gleason score ≥8 and negative lymph nodes. Biochemical progression‐free survival was determined using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The effect of preoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level, pathological stage and margin status was assessed with univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSOf the 180 patients, the Gleason score in the RP specimen was 8, 9 or 10 in 70%, 27% and 3%, respectively; 24% had stage pT2 disease, 30% stage pT3a, 25% stage pT3b and 20% stage pT4a. The 5‐ and 7‐year biochemical progression‐free survival was 73 and 65% for stage pT2, 40% and 27% for stage pT3a, and 30% for stage pT3b (log rank test, P < 0.001). In the univariate model, preoperative PSA level, pathological stage and surgical margins were predictors of survival. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative PSA level and extracapsular extension predicted biochemical progression‐free survival.CONCLUSIONGleason 8–10 tumours have a poor prognosis. Patients with a PSA level of <10 ng/mL and stage pT2 disease have the greatest likelihood of having a longer progression‐free survival after RP.
Effect of varicocelectomy on patients with unobstructive azoospermia and severe oligospermia
Authors: Ishikawa Tomomoto , Kondo Yutaka , Yamaguchi Kohei , Sakamoto Yuichi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVESTo assess the treatment outcome and benefits after varicocelectomy in men with unobstructive azoospermia (UOA) and severe oligospermia (SO).PATIENTS AND METHODSThe records were retrospectively evaluated for six patients with UOA and 54 with SO who had microsurgical inguinal varicocele ligation (mean age 33.3 years, sd 5.3). Fifty‐one (85%) had a unilateral left‐sided procedure (five of six with UOA, 46 of 54 with SO), and nine (15%) had a bilateral procedure.RESULTSAfter ligation, spermatogenesis was induced in two of the six men with UOA; the mean (sd) sperm concentration increased from 2.3 (1.6) to 9.2 (12.6) million/mL (P < 0.001), but the sperm motility did not change significantly. Four (7%) of the 54 men with SO achieved paternity, with unassisted pregnancies.CONCLUSIONSVaricocelectomy resulted in the induction or enhancement of spermatogenesis for several men with UOA or SO; it seems to be a reasonable option in selected patients with UOA or SO.
Multimodal evaluation of renal perfusional changes due to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Authors: Mitterberger Michael , Pinggera Germar M. , Neururer Richard , Peschel Reinhard , Aigner Friedrich , Gradl Johann , Bartsch Georg , Kendler Dorota , Karakolcu Fatih , Frauscher Ferdinand , Pallwein Leo 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVESTo examine the effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on renal perfusion before and after treatment, by assessing renal resistive index (RI) using colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), magnetic resonance perfusion imaging (MRPI), radionuclide renography and big‐endothelin‐1 values (Big‐ET‐1).PATIENTS AND METHODSIn 69 normotensive patients the RI was measured before, 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after ESWL using CDUS. The RI values, measured in interlobar/arcuate arteries, were correlated with the findings on MRPI, done before and within 24 h after ESWL. In addition, renal plasma flow (RPF, assessed on radionuclide renography) and Big‐ET‐1 levels (a potent vasoconstrictor peptide), served as a control for evaluating renal perfusion. The patients were stratified in three age groups, i.e. ≤39, 40–59 and ≥60 years, with 23 patients in each group.RESULTSThe mean (sd) RI increased significantly in the treated kidneys, from 0.64 (0.05) before to 0.72 (0.08) after ESWL (P = 0.001). Only in patients aged ≥60 years did the RI continue to increase over the 24 h. MRPI showed a decrease of renal blood flow (RBF) in all age groups, but most significantly in those aged ≥60 years. The radionuclide renography and big‐ET‐1 levels changed significantly only in the oldest group. The best correlation was between RI and RBF changes detected by MRPI.CONCLUSIONSESWL obviously causes disturbances of renal perfusion, particularly in elderly patients (≥60 years). Measurement of RI with Doppler techniques might provide useful information for the clinical diagnosis of renal damage.
Purinergic receptor‐mediated effects of ATP in high‐grade bladder cancer
Authors: Shabbir Majid , Ryten Mina , Thompson Cecil , Mikhailidis Dimitri , Burnstock Geoffrey 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVETo assess whether the antineoplastic action of extracellular ATP seen in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer extends to other aggressive urological malignancies by investigating its effect in high‐grade bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.MATERIALS AND METHODSHT‐1376 cells (human grade 3 transitional cell carcinoma) were incubated with various purinergic receptor agonists and antagonists and their effects on cell growth was examined in vitro. The presence of different P2 receptor mRNAs was determined using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The effect of combining ATP with the cytotoxic agent mitomycin C (MMC) was also investigated. Models of tumour outgrowth in athymic mice were used to examine the effect of ATP on tumour growth in vivo.RESULTSHT‐1376 cells expressed P2X4,5,7 and P2Y1,2,4,6,11 receptor mRNA. ATP significantly reduced cell growth in a concentration‐dependent manner via the induction of P2 receptor‐mediated apoptosis. Pharmacological profiling implicated P2X5 and/or P2Y11 receptors in this antineoplastic response, the same receptor subtypes shown to be active in prostate adenocarcinoma, despite the differing cellular origin. ATP and MMC combined in an additive manner. Intraperitoneal injections of ATP significantly reduced the growth of implanted tumour cells by a combination of apoptosis and necrosis.CONCLUSIONSATP effectively reduces the growth of high‐grade bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This highlights the potential use of ATP in the treatment of advanced urological malignancies irrespective of the cellular origin.
Subclinical hypothyroidism is a risk factor for nephropathy and cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Chen H.‐S. , Wu T.‐E. J. , Jap T.‐S. , Lu R.‐A. , Wang M.‐L. , Chen R.‐L. , Lin H.‐D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAims  The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy, incident cardiovascular disease, and mortality in Type 2 diabetic patients without taking thyroid medication.Methods  Serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations were measured in 588 Type 2 diabetic subjects in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. In a cross‐sectional study, we examined the prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy. In a longitudinal study, we examined the risk of cardiovascular disease events, cardiovascular mortality and total mortality in the 4‐year follow‐up.Results  In the cross‐sectional analysis, subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a greater prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (odds ratio, 3.15 [95% CI, 1.48–6.69]) and did not show a high prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.59–2.26]) compare to euthyroid diabetics. During the 44.0 ± 7.4 months of follow‐up, 51 participants had cardiovascular events. The risk of cardiovascular events was significantly increased in Type 2 diabetics with subclinical hypothyroidism after adjustment for age, sex, A1C, other standard cardiovascular risk factors and medication (hazard ratio, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.15–7.48; P = 0.024), but it became nonsignificant after additional adjustment for urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (hazard ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 0.67–6.36; P = 0.211). The rates of cardiovascular‐related and total mortality did not significantly differ by thyroid status.Conclusions  Type 2 diabetic patients with subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with an increased risk of nephropathy and cardiovascular events, but not with retinopathy. Our data suggest that the higher cardiovascular events in subclinical hypothyroidism with Type 2 diabetes may be mediated with nephropathy.
Efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in Type 1 diabetes: a 2‐year perspective using the established criteria for funding from a National Health Service
Authors: Giménez M. , Conget I. , Jansà M. , Vidal M. , Chiganer G. , Levy I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim  To determine the 2‐year efficacy of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) following the current established criteria for funding of a National Health Service.Methods  Longitudinal, prospective, observational unicentre study. Included in the study were 153 Type 1 diabetes (T1D) subjects, previously treated with multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin, in whom CSII was started in accordance with the criteria for reimbursement of the Catalan National Health Service. At baseline, we recorded data on age, gender, duration of the disease, body mass index (BMI), insulin dose and indications for CSII. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and the frequency of hypoglycaemic events were used to assess glycaemic control. Quality of life was assessed using three different self‐report questionnaires. After 24 months, these same items were remeasured in all subjects. Serious adverse events and injection‐site complications were also recorded.Results  In 96% of subjects, CSII indication included less than optimal glycaemic control using MDI. HbA1c fell from 7.9 ± 1.3 to 7.3 ± 1.1% (P ≤ 0.001) after 24 months of CSII. Insulin requirements were significantly lower at the end of follow‐up (0.55 ± 0.21 U/kg body weight) in comparison with before use of CSII (0.70 ± 0.20, P ≤ 0.001). BMI increased from 24.0 ± 3.1 to 24.4 ± 3.2 kg/m2 after 24 months (P ≤ 0.025). The rate of episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis per year remained unchanged. Mild and severe hypoglycaemic episodes were significantly reduced. The scores in all subsets of the Diabetes Quality‐of‐Life (DQoL) questionnaire significantly improved after 24 months of CSII.Conclusions  CSII, commenced according to the criteria for a nationally funded clinical programme, improves glycaemic control and quality‐of‐life outcomes with fewer hypoglycaemic episodes in T1D subjects previously conventionally treated with MDI.