bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated ion stopping in dense plasmas with a temperature‐dependent plasmon pole approximation
Authors: Zakirova Zhanerke , Tashev Bekbolat , Deutsch Claude 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe plasmon pole approximation used for the stopping function in a dense electron plasma is given a temperature‐dependent cutoff wavenumber via the ion projectile thermal wavelength. Excepted for projectile inter‐ion distance smaller than the target electron screening length and small ion fragment velocities, featuring a attosecond interaction time with a maximum correlated ion stopping (CIS) in inertial confinement fusion and warm dense matter (WDM), the given procedure is shown to yield back accurately the CIS estimated within the standard random phase approximation framework at any temperature, provided the ion fragment distribution is taken Gaussian.
Local and landscape factors differentially influence predatory arthropods in urban agroecosystems
Authors: Liere Heidi , Cowal Sanya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLike other urban green spaces, urban community gardens can act as biodiversity refugees, especially for small organisms like arthropods. In turn, arthropods can provide important ecosystem pest control services to these agroecosystems. Thus, an often‐asked question among urban gardeners is how to improve gardens and surrounding areas for natural enemies and associated pest control services. We examine how local vegetation and garden characteristics, as well as the surrounding landscape composition, affect ground‐dwelling beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Staphylinidae), spiders (Araneae), opilionids (Opiliones), and ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), all of which are important predators. In the summer of 2019, we collected predators, vegetation, ground cover, and garden and landscape characteristic data from 10 community gardens in the city of Seattle, Washington. We found that different groups of natural enemies are associated with different environmental variables and at different scales; probably related to differences in their dispersal capabilities, habits, and diets. Floral variables (number of flowers and number of species in flower) had a negative effect on nonflying natural enemies (spiders, opilionids, and ground‐dwelling beetles), but not on flying ones (ladybird beetles). The only taxon that was significantly affected by a landscape‐scale variable was Opiliones, the only group examined that exclusively disperses by ground. Our results show contrasting results to similar studies in different regions and highlight the need to expand the taxa and regions of study.
Evidence that ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs can outcompete ectomycorrhizal trees for nitrogen in tannin‐rich litter
Authors: Rains Kai C. , Bledsoe Caroline , Kraus Tamara E. C. , Wurzburger Nina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMycorrhizal associations of trees play a key role in ecosystem biogeochemistry, yet we know relatively little about the nutrient acquisition strategies of ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs, despite their prevalence in forest understories. ErM shrubs tend to produce litter with high concentrations of polyphenols, which form decay‐resistant complexes with organic nitrogen (N). Some ErM fungi appear capable of producing a diverse suite of extracellular enzymes, but it is unclear whether this enables ErM shrubs to acquire the N from their own litter, and whether this ability is greater than that of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees, with which they commonly co‐occur. Here, we conducted two growth chamber experiments with 15N‐enriched root and leaf litters to determine whether EcM pine and ErM vaccinium differ in litter N acquisition from these sources. Grown individually, pine and vaccinium plants acquired 1 mg or 4% of the litter N after one year. Differences between pine and vaccinium in litter N acquisition were correlated with litter chemistry, where vaccinium acquired more N from litter with a high concentration of tannins and a high C:N, while pine acquired more N from litter with a high acid‐insoluble fraction. When plants were grown in pairs, the presence of a vaccinium neighbor reduced the biomass of both species by an average of 24%, but it only reduced litter N acquisition by pine (55%), demonstrating vaccinium's ability to compete with pine for litter N. Regardless of the competitive context, vaccinium allocated a greater percentage (76%) of its acquired litter N to aboveground biomass compared with pine (47%), suggesting vaccinium is more efficient at allocating this N to photosynthesis and growth. Our finding that EcM pine and ErM vaccinium have varying abilities to acquire N from these common litters suggests a degree of niche complementarity, which may facilitate the coexistence of these plants in forest ecosystems. However, our results also suggest that, at high densities, ErM vaccinium has the potential to suppress the growth and N acquisition of EcM pine. Distinct strategies of EcM trees and ErM shrubs for acquiring and using N have the potential to shape biogeochemical cycles of many forested ecosystems.
A ChemoEnzymatic Approach for the Preparation of “Linear‐Shaped” Diaryl Pyrazines as Potential Antiprotozoal Agents
Authors: Bassanini Ivan , Braga Tommaso , Tognoli Chiara , Vanoni Marta , Mazza Gaia , Basilico Nicoletta , Parapini Silvia , Riva Sergio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitrogenous heterocyclic rings are present in a wide range of drugs, natural compounds, and fine chemicals and are considered privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Seeking novel anti‐protozoal drugs acting on new targets or by novel mechanisms of action, we focused on a preliminary evaluation of the potential of “linear‐shaped” diaryl pyrazines. To this purpose, a two‐enzyme chemoenzymatic synthesis of this heteroaromatic core was carried out. Specifically, starting from simple, commercially available aromatic aldehydes, the target pyrazines were obtained through a sequence of biocatalytic benzoin condensation, chemical oxidation and a transaminase‐mediated tandem process of transamination and cyclization. The profiles of the compounds as antiprotozoal agents were evaluated in vitro against parasites cultures of the Leishmania and Plasmodium genera and using the human cell line HepG2.
Limits to knickzone retreat and bedrock river incision on the Hawaiian islands
Authors: Raming L. Wren , Whipple Kelin X. , Strauch Ayron M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA knickzone is defined as a waterfall or an oversteepened fluvial reach encompassing a series of waterfalls. Knickzones are remarkable landforms in that they may represent diametrically opposed conditions: either rapid upstream propagation of base‐level fall or a condition of stability and stalled response to base‐level fall. Knickzones on the Hawaiian islands exhibit evidence of both behaviours, and in this study, we explore whether this dichotomy can be explained by a threshold stream power for river incision. Topographic analysis shows that the transition between fluvial hanging valleys, where no measurable upstream retreat from the stream junction or coastline has occurred, and knickzones that have retreated or formed upstream of their outlet can be defined by a range of catchment sizes from ~0.5 to 6 km2. This transition is present on all volcanoes in our analysis regardless of significant base‐level fall, and there is no clear trend of drainage area above knickzones with volcano age. To explain these observations, we hypothesize that knickzones form or stabilize where maximum unit stream power (
) does not exceed the critical unit stream power required to incise bedrock
. Using estimates of a maximum possible flood discharge as a function of drainage area to calculate
, we show that drainage areas above knickzones are well described by the theoretical prediction that incision stalls when
, where
falls in a narrow range from 14 to 40 kW/m2. Furthermore, we demonstrate that knickzone positions are largely insensitive to mean climate conditions, likely reflecting the fact that extreme flood events are either insensitive or inversely correlated with mean annual rainfall.
Hippocampal lesions impair non‐navigational spatial memory in macaques
Authors: Forcelli Patrick A. , LaFlamme Elyssa M. , Waguespack Hannah F. , Saunders Richard C. , Malkova Ludise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDecades of studies robustly support a critical role for the hippocampus in spatial memory across a wide range of species. Hippocampal damage produces clear and consistent deficits in allocentric spatial memory that requires navigating through space in rodents, non‐human primates, and humans. By contrast, damage to the hippocampus spares performance in most non‐navigational spatial memory tasks—which can typically be resolved using egocentric cues. We previously found that transient inactivation of the hippocampus impairs performance in the Hamilton Search Task (HST), a self‐ordered non‐navigational spatial search task. A key question, however, still needs to be addressed. Acute, reversible inactivation of the hippocampus may have resulted in an impairment in the HST because this approach does not allow for neuroplastic compensation, may prevent the development of an alternative learning strategy, and/or may produce network‐based effects that disrupt performance. We compared learning and performance on the HST in male rhesus macaques (six unoperated control animals and six animals that underwent excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampus). We found a significant impairment in animals with hippocampal lesions. While control animals improved in performance over the course of 45 days of training, performance in animals with hippocampal lesions remained at chance levels. The HST thus represents a sensitive assay for probing the integrity of the hippocampus in non‐human primates. These data provide evidence demonstrating that the hippocampus is critical for this type of non‐navigational spatial memory, and help to reconcile the many null findings previously reported.
Thermal conformance parameters for assessment of heat transfer between similar and dissimilar metal contacts
Authors: Pathumudy Ramakrishna Devananda , Samuel Augustine , Prabhu K. Narayan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA novel approach to assess the thermal conformance between two metallic materials under transient conditions was proposed in the present investigation. Thermal conformance parameters (ƞ, ϴ, tg) were defined to quantify the contact condition between a metal–metal interface. To assess the effect of load and thermophysical properties of the sink and source materials on the degree of thermal conformance, a thermal conformance assessment parameter (TCAP) was proposed. Heat flux transients at the thermal interface was estimated by using an inverse heat conduction approach for various similar and dissimilar metallic surfaces in contact such as Cu─Cu, Al─Al, Al─Cu, and Cu─Al under both load and no load conditions. Commercially available silicone grease (SG) and thermal grease (CTG) were used as thermal interface materials (TIMs). The thermal conformance parameters increased with the increase in load for all the combinations of interfaces with and without TIMs. It was observed that, except for the copper–copper combination, thermal conformance parameters showed a linear relation with the TCAP. The enhancement in the heat transfer due to the application of load and TIM was validated by determining the maximum temperature difference (∆Tmax) across the interface. The experimental study revealed that the ∆Tmax decreases with the application of load and application of TIM leading to enhanced heat transfer. For the copper–copper combination, the thermal conformance depended solely on the load applied. Due to the lower thermal resistance offered by copper source/sink materials, the interfacial resistance between them becomes a dominant factor. The effect of TIM on heat absorbed by the sink was significant for the Cu/Cu interface.
Role of suction/injection on free convective flow in a vertical porous channel with non‐Fourier effects in the presence of periodic boundary
Authors: Ajibade A. O. , Jibril H. M. , Mukhtar N. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe key attention of this work is on the impact of suction/injection on the free convective flow of a viscous fluid passing between two infinite, parallel, vertical and porous plates with non‐Fourier effects. The analysis focuses on a porous channel with boundaries featuring a steady–periodic temperature regime. The governing equations, representing velocity(momentum) and temperature(energy) fields, are well‐stated in dimensional form. Employing a separation technique, the momentum and energy equations are separated into steady and periodic components. On solving, the resulting second‐order ordinary differential equations derived, revealed the expressions for velocity and temperature in dimensionless form. However, the study investigates the influence of various flow parameters used in this work, including suction/injection , heat source/sink , Strouhal number , Prandtl number , and dimensionless relaxation time , on the velocity and temperature distributions. Also not left out is the rate of heat transfer on the flow performance and the skin‐friction coefficient on the plates. The findings are visualized using MATLAB‐generated graphs. An interesting observation found during the course of investigation in that the introduction of suction/injection enhances the flow velocity and fluid temperature within the channel, and they are both seen as declining functions of the Strouhal number, which measures the frequency of periodic heating on the plates. Furthermore, when the suction/injection parameter(s) is being relaxed, this study demonstrates a strong agreement with the findings of Ajibade and Mukhtar.
A systematic review of deep learning methods for the classification and segmentation of prostate cancer on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Nayagam R. Deiva , Selvathi D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProstate Cancer (PCa) is a prevalent global threat to male health, contributing significantly to male cancer‐related mortality. Timely detection and management are pivotal for improved outcomes, as successful cure rates are highest in the early stages. Deep learning (DL) methodologies offer a promising avenue to enhance the precision of detection, potentially reducing mortality rates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands out as an effective tool for PCa diagnosis, providing comprehensive visuals of the prostate and adjacent tissues. This technology aids in identifying cancerous developments early on, crucial for treatment planning. Utilizing MRI for PCa detection has demonstrated increased accuracy, minimizing unnecessary biopsies, and facilitating personalized treatment decisions. Recent studies showcase the potential of DL methods in identifying and segmenting the prostate in MRI scans. These techniques not only improve diagnostic precision but also assist in treatment planning and monitoring. Incorporating DL in MRI‐based PCa diagnosis holds immense potential for enhancing efficiency and accuracy, promising better treatment outcomes. However, further research is imperative to explore these methods comprehensively, especially in larger and more diverse patient populations. This review evaluates the progress in employing DL techniques, rooted in artificial intelligence, for categorizing and outlining the prostate and lesions in MR images, underscoring the need for continued investigation and validation in varied clinical settings.
Rapid determination of metallic additives in century eggs by microwave plasma‐atomic emission spectrometer and microwave‐assisted digestion
Authors: Chen Ji‐Hao , Weng Chi‐Feng , Wang Wei‐Chung , Kao Yi‐Peng , Tsai Jia‐Lin , Chen Yi‐Ju , Lee Hui‐Ling , Shih Tsung‐Ting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCentury eggs (also known as pídàn) are a widely used preserved food product in Taiwanese cuisine. Due to their peculiar appearance, pungent odor, and unusual texture, several consumers have raised concerns. Actually, some metallic additives are employed to control the quality of gelation of protein during the production of century eggs. Therefore, a method involving microwave plasma‐atomic emission spectrometer and microwave‐assisted digestion was proposed in this study. In addition, to clarify distribution information of metallic additives in century eggs, detailed analyses based on the egg structure were adopted. The linearities for Fe and Zn were obtained in the range of 0.1–5, and 0.02–1 mg L−1 for Cu and Pb. The method detection limits for test metals were 0.06–0.036 mg L−1. The measured values for the RM EGGS‐1 sample agreed reasonably well with the reference values, demonstrating that the developed method is practical for routine analysis with lower instrument procurement/running cost. The analytical results for century eggs collected from local markets revealed diverse distributions of metal ions in different parts. Remarkably, this method can readily identify the metallic additives used during the production processes even in the presence of complicated matrices.
INPP5E Regulates the Distribution of Phospholipids on Cilia in RPE1 Cells
Authors: Zhai Denghui , Li Lamei , Chen Cheng , Wang Xue , Liu Ruming , Shan Ying 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary cilia are static microtubule‐based structures protruding from the cell surface and present on most vertebrate cells. The appropriate localization of phospholipids is essential for cilia formation and stability. INPP5E is a cilia‐localized inositol 5‐phosphatase; its deletion alters the phosphoinositide composition in the ciliary membrane, disrupting ciliary function.MethodsThe EGFP‐2xP4MSidM, PHPLCδ1‐EGFP, and SMO‐tRFP plasmids were constructed by the Gateway system to establish a stable RPE1 cell line. The INPP5E KO RPE1 cell line was constructed with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The localization of INPP5E and the distribution of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The fluorescence intensity co‐localized with cilia was quantified by ImageJ.ResultsIn RPE1 cells, PI4P is localized at the ciliary membrane, whereas PI(4,5)P2 is localized at the base of cilia. Knocking down or knocking out INPP5E alters this distribution, resulting in the distribution of PI(4,5)P2 along the ciliary membrane and the disappearance of PI4P from the cilia. Meanwhile, PI(4,5)P2 is located in the ciliary membrane labeled by SMO‐tRFP.ConclusionsINPP5E regulates the distribution of phosphoinositide on cilia. PI(4,5)P2 localizes at the ciliary membrane labeled with SMO‐tRFP, indicating that ciliary pocket membrane contains PI(4,5)P2, and phosphoinositide composition in early membrane structures may differ from that in mature ciliary membrane.
Comparable CD8+ T‐cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in single‐cell transcriptomics of recently allogeneic transplanted patients and healthy individuals
Authors: Tranter Eva , Frentsch Marco , Hütter‐Krönke Marie Luise , Vuong Giang Lam , Busch David , Loyal Lucie , Henze Larissa , Rosnev Stanislav , Blau Igor‐Wolfgang , Thiel Andreas , Beule Dieter , Bullinger Lars , Obermayer Benedikt , Na Il‐Kang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite extensive research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination responses in healthy individuals, there is comparatively little known beyond antibody titers and T‐cell responses in the vulnerable cohort of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In this study, we assessed the serological response and performed longitudinal multimodal analyses including T‐cell functionality and single‐cell RNA sequencing combined with T cell receptor (TCR)/B cell receptor (BCR) profiling in the context of BNT162b2 vaccination in ASCT patients. In addition, these data were compared to publicly available data sets of healthy vaccinees. Protective antibody titers were achieved in 40% of patients. We identified a distorted B‐ and T‐cell distribution, a reduced TCR diversity, and increased levels of exhaustion marker expression as possible causes for the poorer vaccine response rates in ASCT patients. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement after vaccination proved to be highly variable in ASCT patients. Changes in TCRα and TCRβ gene rearrangement after vaccination differed from patterns observed in healthy vaccinees. Crucially, ASCT patients elicited comparable proportions of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine‐induced (VI) CD8+ T‐cells, characterized by a distinct gene expression pattern that is associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 specificity in healthy individuals. Our study underlines the impaired immune system and thus the lower vaccine response rates in ASCT patients. However, since protective vaccine responses and VI CD8+ T‐cells can be induced in part of ASCT patients, our data advocate early posttransplant vaccination due to the high risk of infection in this vulnerable group.
Remote ischemic conditioning improves cerebral hemodynamics in symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis: A PET/CT‐guided randomized controlled study
Authors: An Hong , Ma Hongrui , Wu Chuanjie , Cui Chunlei , Wu Longfei , Zhao Wenbo , Cui Bixiao , Li Sijie , Wu Di , Hu Wenli , Ji Xunming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis (sICAS) suffer embarrassed hemodynamic status and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recurrence. We aimed to assess the efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) on improving this status by evaluating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral glucose metabolism (CGM) via PET/CT. Adult patients with unilateral sICAS in middle cerebral artery and/or intracranial segment of internal carotid artery‐related AIS or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to randomization were enrolled. Individuals who received intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment, or sICAS caused by cardiac embolism, small vessel occlusion, or other determined causes were excluded. Twenty‐three eligible patients were randomly assigned to standard medical treatment (SMT) (n = 10) or RIC group (n = 13). The RIC protocol consisted of 5 cycles, each for 5‐min bilateral upper limb ischemia and 5‐min reperfusion period, twice a day, with a total duration of 3 months. Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled as healthy control group. We tested CBF and CGM at the rest stage and the methazolamide‐induced stress stage. All patients received PET/CT at baseline and three‐month followup. Both CBF and CGM in ipsilateral hemisphere of sICAS patients were significantly decreased at the rest stage and the stress stage (p < .05), which were improved by three‐month RIC (p < .05). The lesions decreased notably in RIC group compared to SMT group (p < .05). RIC ameliorated the hemodynamic status and glucose metabolism in regions at high risk of infarction, which might improve the resistance capacity towards ischemic load in sICAS patients.