bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiosynthesis, structural identification and in vitro tissue binding study of [18F]FNA-S-ACooP, a novel radiopeptide for targeted PET imaging of fatty acid binding protein 3
Authors: Dillemuth Pyry , Karskela Tuomas , Ayo Abiodun , Ponkamo Jesse , Kunnas Jonne , Rajander Johan , Tynninen Olli , Roivainen Anne , Laakkonen Pirjo , Airaksinen Anu J. , Li Xiang-Guo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a target with clinical relevance and the peptide ligand ACooP has been identified for FABP3 targeting. ACooP is a linear decapeptide containing a free amino and thiol group, which provides opportunities for conjugation. This work is to develop methods for radiolabeling of ACooP with fluorine-18 (18F) for positron emission tomography (PET) applications, and evaluate the binding of the radiolabeled ACooP in human tumor tissue sections with high FABP3 expression.

Results
The prosthetic compound 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester was conveniently prepared with an on-resin 18F-fluorination in 29.9% radiochemical yield and 96.6% radiochemical purity. Interestingly, 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester conjugated to ACooP exclusively by S-acylation instead of the expected N-acylation, and the chemical identity of the product [18F]FNA-S-ACooP was confirmed. In the in vitro binding experiments, [18F]FNA-S-ACooP exhibited heterogeneous and high focal binding in malignant tissue sections, where we also observed abundant FABP3 positivity by immunofluorescence staining. Blocking study further confirmed the [18F]FNA-S-ACooP binding specificity.

Conclusions
FABP3 targeted ACooP peptide was successfully radiolabeled by S-acylation using 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester as the prosthetic compound. The tissue binding and blocking studies together with anti-FABP3 immunostaining confirmed [18F]FNA-S-ACooP binding specificity. Further preclinical studies of [18F]FNA-S-ACooP are warranted.
Reflections on the importance of built heritage inventory as a tool for preservation in Karachi–a case study of Wadhumal Odharam (Jail) Quarter in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Soomro Tania Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cultural heritage inventory is an alternate tool to document historic buildings to establish a protected enlistment process. Recognising the importance of inventories for developing knowledge of historical and cultural patterns, multiple attempts are being made to record Karachi’s historic buildings in the form of inventory documents. This research investigates the various approaches used for inventorying Karachi’s cultural heritage and their potential impact on the survival of the city’s historical ensemble. As literature, this research provides a brief overview of Karachi’s architectural development before and after its annexation to the British Raj (Term used by scholars to represent the British Crown in India. The term ‘The Raj’ is also sometimes used.) (1843–1947), which is now considered the historic core of the city of Karachi, together with the systems of inventorying the built heritage over time. Wadhumal Odharam (Jail) Quarter is shortlisted as a case study for this research, which will be examined from the perspective of inventory making in relation to its specific physical and sociocultural context as documented through the inventorying process. The Quarter is also referred to as ‘Jail Quarter’ because of the presence of the Jail building within the Quarter precinct, which was demolished during the British era; it is discussed in further detail later in this article. The research approach follows a survey of the quarter conducted between August and September 2022, followed by a mapping of the historic properties. The inventory mapping of the Quarter is performed by using an available database (Database of various historic Quarters of Karachi by Heritage Cell-DAPNED). The data for inventory also helps provide an understanding of the history and development of the area. The other aspects of the research methodology include intreating questions and collecting data about various aspects of the Quarter, such as the building information, photographic documentation of the properties, and analysis of the present conservation status based on inventory mapping. Moreover, this study also suggests that inventorying aided the enlistment process for the Quarter under the Sindh Cultural Heritage Preservation Act 1994 (SCHPA), which was first implemented in 1997 and again in 2011 until 2021. The protected status helped stop the illicit demolitions; however, vandalism continued in many forms, for instance, the need-based alterations relying on the ever-increasing population, upgradation of the building bylaws, inadequate heritage legislation and its enforcement.
Shortening the Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale
Authors: Levine Stephen Z. , Goldberg Yair , Rotstein Anat , Samara Myrto , Yoshida Kazufumi , Cipriani Andrea , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Leucht Stefan , Furukawa Toshiaki A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
A short yet reliable cognitive measure is needed that separates treatment and placebo for treatment trials for Alzheimer’s disease. Hence, we aimed to shorten the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) and test its use as an efficacy measure.

Methods
Secondary data analysis of participant-level data from five pivotal clinical trials of donepezil compared with placebo for Alzheimer’s disease (N = 2,198). Across all five trials, cognition was appraised using the original 11-item ADAS-Cog. Statistical analysis consisted of sample characterization, item response theory (IRT) to identify an ADAS-Cog short version, and mixed models for repeated-measures analysis to examine the effect sizes of ADAS-Cog change on the original and short versions in the placebo versus donepezil groups.

Results
Based on IRT, a short ADAS-Cog was developed with seven items and two response options. The original and short ADAS-Cog correlated at baseline and at weeks 12 and 24 at 0.7. Effect sizes based on mixed modeling showed that the short and original ADAS-Cog separated placebo and donepezil comparably (ADAS-Cog original ES = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.40, ADAS-Cog short ES = 0.25, 95% CI =0.23, 0.34).

Conclusions
IRT identified a short ADAS-cog version that separated donepezil and placebo, suggesting its clinical potential for assessment and treatment monitoring.
Therapeutic Strategies for Gliomas Associated With Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Authors: Lam Keng , Kamiya-Matsuoka Carlos , Slopis John M. , McCutcheon Ian E. , Majd Nazanin K. 
Published: February 2024

PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of syndromic gliomas. DESIGN The authors conducted a nonsystematic literature review. RESULTS Cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs) are genetic conditions that increase one's risk for certain types of cancer compared with the general population. Syndromes that can predispose one to developing gliomas include neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Lynch syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex. The standard treatment for sporadic glioma may involve resection, radiation therapy, and/or alkylating chemotherapy. However, DNA-damaging approaches, such as radiation and alkylating agents, may increase the risk of secondary malignancies and other complications in patients with CPSs. In some cases, depending on genetic aberrations, targeted therapies or immunotherapeutic approaches may be considered. Data on clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis of syndromic gliomas remain limited. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overview of syndromic gliomas with a focus on management for patients with CPSs and the role of novel treatments that can be considered.
Computational study of stability, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric properties of new inorganic lead-free halide perovskites
Authors: Agouri M. , Ouhenou H. , Waqdim A. , Zaghrane A. , Darkaoui E. , Abbassi A. , Manaut B. , Taj S. , Driouich M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Due to their rich and extraordinary properties, halide perovskites have gained attention over time for their applications in thermoelectric and solar cells. Here, several physical properties (stability, photovoltaic, and thermoelectric) of inorganic halide perovskites XZnI3 (X = Na, K, Rb, Cs) are predicted using the density functional theory (DFT) within the Wien2k code. The optimization of structural parameters has been calculated using PBE-GGA approach. The tolerance factor, Born criteria, phonon dispersion, and negative formation energy show the formation and stability of these studied materials in the ideal cubic structure. Additionally, the modified Becke-Johnson method is applied for optoelectronic and transport properties. All compounds exhibit the nature of indirect band gap semiconductors with better absorption in the visible and ultraviolet regions

. The transport properties present high electrical conductivity, large Seebeck coefficient, and good (PF, ZT) factors for all these materials. Finally, all these properties of inorganic halide perovskites open up new possibilities for efficient applications in thermoelectric and solar cells.
Going through changes – the role of autophagy during reprogramming and differentiation
Authors: Petersen Morten , Ebstrup Elise , Rodriguez Eleazar 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Somatic cell reprogramming is a complex feature that allows differentiated cells to undergo fate changes into different cell types. This process, which is conserved between plants and animals, is often achieved via dedifferentiation into pluripotent stem cells, which have the ability to generate all other types of cells and tissues of a given organism. Cellular reprogramming is thus a complex process that requires extensive modification at the epigenetic and transcriptional level, unlocking cellular programs that allow cells to acquire pluripotency. In addition to alterations in the gene expression profile, cellular reprogramming requires rearrangement of the proteome, organelles and metabolism, but these changes are comparatively less studied. In this context, autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that participates in the recycling of intracellular constituents, has the capacity to affect different aspects of cellular reprogramming, including the removal of protein signatures that might hamper reprogramming, mitophagy associated with metabolic reprogramming, and the supply of energy and metabolic building blocks to cells that undergo fate changes. In this Review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the role of autophagy during cellular reprogramming by drawing comparisons between plant and animal studies, as well as highlighting aspects of the topic that warrant further research.
Blood oxygen transport and depletion in diving emperor penguins
Authors: Ponganis Paul J. , Williams Cassondra L. , Kendall-Bar Jessica M. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Oxygen store management underlies dive performance and is dependent on the slow heart rate and peripheral vasoconstriction of the dive response to control tissue blood flow and oxygen uptake. Prior research has revealed two major patterns of muscle myoglobin saturation profiles during dives of emperor penguins. In Type A profiles, myoglobin desaturated rapidly, consistent with minimal muscle blood flow and low tissue oxygen uptake. Type B profiles, with fluctuating and slower declines in myoglobin saturation, were consistent with variable tissue blood flow patterns and tissue oxygen uptake during dives. We examined arterial and venous blood oxygen profiles to evaluate blood oxygen extraction and found two primary patterns of venous hemoglobin desaturation that complemented corresponding myoglobin saturation profiles. Type A venous profiles had a hemoglobin saturation that (a) increased/plateaued for most of a dive's duration, (b) only declined during the latter stages of ascent, and (c) often became arterialized [arterio-venous (a-v) shunting]. In Type B venous profiles, variable but progressive hemoglobin desaturation profiles were interrupted by inflections in the profile that were consistent with fluctuating tissue blood flow and oxygen uptake. End-of-dive saturation of arterial and Type A venous hemoglobin saturation profiles were not significantly different, but did differ from those of Type B venous profiles. These findings provide further support that the dive response of emperor penguins is a spectrum of cardiac and vascular components (including a-v shunting) that are dependent on the nature and demands of a given dive and even of a given segment of a dive.
Adaptive Influence Maximization: Adaptability via Nonadaptability
Authors: Du Hongmin W. , Du Yingfan L. , Zhang Zhao 
Published: February 2024

Adaptive influence maximization is an important research problem in computational social networks, which is also a typical problem in the study of adaptive processing of information and adaptive construction of objects. In this paper, we propose a new method that reduces the adaptive influence maximization problem into a nonadaptive one in a different social network, so that an adaptive optimization can be solved by those methods for nonadaptive optimization. In addition, we provide a new approximation algorithm for the submodular maximization problem with a knapsack constraint, which runs in [Formula: see text] time and has performance ratio [Formula: see text], where n is the number of nodes in the network. The ratio is better than the best known previous one with the same running time. History: Accepted by Erwin Pesch, Area Editor for Heuristic Search & Approximation Algorithms. Funding: This research is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant U20A2068].
Optimal Decision Making Under Strategic Behavior
Authors: Tsirtsis Stratis , Tabibian Behzad , Khajehnejad Moein , Singla Adish , Schölkopf Bernhard , Gomez-Rodriguez Manuel 
Published: February 2024

We are witnessing an increasing use of data-driven predictive models to inform decisions in high-stakes situations, from lending and hiring to university admissions. As decisions have implications for individuals and society, there is increasing pressure on decision makers to be transparent about their decision policies. At the same time, individuals may use knowledge, gained by transparency, to invest effort strategically in order to maximize their chances of receiving a beneficial decision. Our goal is to find decision policies that are optimal in terms of utility in such a strategic setting. First, we characterize how strategic investment of effort by individuals leads to a change in the feature distribution. Using this characterization, we show that, in general, optimal decision policies are hard to find in polynomial time, and there are cases in which deterministic policies are suboptimal. Then, we demonstrate that, if the cost individuals pay to change their features satisfies a natural monotonicity assumption, we can narrow down the search for the optimal policy to a particular family of decision policies with a set of desirable properties, which allow for a highly effective polynomial time-heuristic search algorithm using dynamic programming. Finally, under no assumptions on the cost, we develop an iterative search algorithm that is guaranteed to converge to locally optimal decision policies. Experiments on synthetic and real credit card data illustrate our theoretical findings and show that the decision policies found by our algorithms achieve higher utility than those that do not account for strategic behavior. This paper was accepted by Vivek Farias, data science. Funding: This work was supported by Machine Learning Cluster of Excellence [EXC #2064/1, Project #390727645], H2020 European Research Council [Grant 945719], and Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung [Grant 01IS18039B]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02567
Disaster Lending: “Fair” Prices but “Unfair” Access
Authors: Begley Taylor A. , Gurun Umit G. , Purnanandam Amiyatosh , Weagley Daniel 
Published: February 2024

We find the Small Business Administration’s disaster-relief home loan program denies significantly more loans in areas with larger shares of minorities, subprime borrowers, and higher income inequality. We find that risk-insensitive loan pricing, a feature present in many regulated and government-run lending programs, is an important driver of these disparities in access to credit. The differences in denial rates are disproportionately high compared with private-market lending and government-insured risk-sensitive loan pricing programs. Thus, despite ensuring “fair” prices, the use of risk-insensitive pricing may lead to “unfair” access to credit. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03199 .
When Yield Is Not the Only Supply Uncertainty: Newsvendor Model of a Trade Agent
Authors: Çakıcı Özden Engin , Karaesmen Itir 
Published: February 2024

Problem definition: We study the procurement decisions of a trade agent: The agent chooses a bid (unit price to pay) to procure the goods available from seller(s). If the agent wins the bid, the supply is used to meet the buyer’s demand. Methodology/results: The trade agent’s single-period, single-product problem is a new type of newsvendor problem. We analyze the agent’s optimal bid for a seller with yield uncertainty. We show that the bid outcome distribution needs to satisfy an easy-to-check condition but no conditions on the yield distribution are needed for a unique optimal bid to exist. We also show that the expected sales-to-supply ratio that measures scarcity affects the optimal bid. We investigate the monotonicity of the optimal bid with respect to economic parameters, demand, and distributions of bid outcome and yield. The agent’s problem with multiple sellers is also a novel newsvendor network problem. For the two-seller case, we show when diversification is optimal for the agent. We show that working with both sellers may not always be optimal despite the opportunity for risk pooling and bidding only at the unreliable seller may be optimal even when the other seller is reliable. Managerial implications: We make the following recommendations for the agent: (i) bid at a seller only when the expected sales-to-supply ratio for a seller is higher than the critical ratio, considering the agent’s cost of underage and overage, (ii) increase the bid if the bid outcome distribution increases in the reversed hazard rate order, and (iii) increase or decrease the bid depending on the demand-to-supply ratio when a seller’s expected yield increases. Inclusion of additional sellers lowers the optimal bids across the seller network, but it may not be optimal to bid at all sellers. For the two-seller problem, whether to diversify is a decision easily made by computing the expected benefit of bidding at each seller. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0190 .
Subwavelength Bessel beam arrays with high uniformity based on a metasurface
Authors: Wu Chenyang , Huang Xuanlun , Yipeng Ji , Wang Jiaxing , Chang-Hasnain Connie J. 
Published: February 2024

Bessel beam arrays are highly attractive due to non-diffraction properties, parallel processing, and large capacity capabilities. However, conventional approaches of generating Bessel beams, such as spatial light modulators, axicons, and diffraction optical elements, suffer from various limitations of system complexity and bulkiness, low uniformity, and limited numerical aperture (NA). The limited NA imposes constraints on achieving minimal full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Bessel beam, ultimately compromising the resolution of the beam. In this study, we demonstrate a method for generating Bessel beam arrays with regular and random patterns via an ultra-compact metasurface. This approach integrates the phase profile of an optimized beam splitter with a meta-axicon. The Bessel beam arrays exhibit subwavelength dimensions of FWHM (590 nm, ∼0.9λ) and relatively high uniformity of 90% for NA=0.2 and 69% for NA=0.4. Furthermore, the method achieves effective suppression of background noise and zeroth-order intensity compared to methods based on Dammann grating (DG) based metasurfaces. The proposed method highlights potential applications of Bessel beam arrays in various fields, such as laser machining, optical communication, and biomedical imaging.
A individually randomized controlled trial comparing Healer-led vs. clinician- led training to improve personal protective equipment use among traditional healers in South Africa
Authors: Audet Carolyn M. , Seabi Tshegofatso , Oyekunle Taofik , Hove Jennifer , Wagner Ryan G. 
Published: February 2024

Like allopathic healthcare workers, healers are also exposed to patients’ blood and body fluids. A widespread practice is the traditional “injection,” in which the healer performs subcutaneous incisions to rub herbs directly into the bloodied skin, resulting in 1,500 blood exposures over their lifetime. We tested the impact of healer-led PPE training, staffed by trained traditional healers who reported using PPE during each risky clinical encounter vs. healthcare worker (HCW)-led PPE training sessions. We randomized 136 healers into one of the two study arms (67 in the healer-led group, 69 in the HCW-led group) and assessed the impact of trainer on PPE skills and use over a six-month period. All healers received one in-person day of didactic and practical training followed by three sessions at the healers’ home. Participants were largely female (80%), averaged 51 years old, and practiced as a healer for an average of 17 years. Almost 44% either disclosed themselves as HIV+ or received a positive HIV test result at study initiation. Healers in the HCW arm showed equivalent PPE scores as those trained by traditional healers at baseline and at seven months. Healers in both arms self-reported high levels of glove use during”injections,” with no statistical difference of use by study arm. When we assessed actual gloves and razor blades disposed of each month, a similar trend emerged. No one seroconverted during the study period. The need for PPE support among traditional healers cannot be ignored. Traditional healers can be trained to effectively disseminate PPE knowledge and skills to other traditional healers. With an estimated 200,000 traditional healers in South Africa, it is imperative that all of them have access to PPE training and supplies to prevent HIV, HCV, or HBV infections.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04440813. Registered 17 June 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04440813.