bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical changes in the distribution of the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Dai Yunchuan , Xia Wancai , Zhu Yujing , Hacker Charlotte , Wang Xueyu , Li Dayong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a rare and endangered primate species endemic to China. Conducting research on the population distribution changes of the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey holds paramount importance for its conservation. Our study represented a comprehensive investigation into the population distribution of the Sichuan snub‐nosed monkey by integrating data acquired from field surveys, protected areas, and historical records and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to explore changes in distribution across various time periods, including the historical (the Mid‐to‐Late Pleistocene), recent (1980–2000), and current (2001–2023). The research findings demonstrate a significant shift in the distribution range of the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey compared to historical time frames. Notably, between 1980 and 2000, there was a sharp decline in distribution area. Analyses revealed that the southernmost distribution county for the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey in Sichuan Province has shifted northward from Huili to Kangding. Furthermore, distribution changes in Sichuan Province are not solely characterized by a reduction in habitat area but also by a decrease in vertical distribution zones. Regions in the northeastern part of Sichuan with elevations below 1000 m, such as Guang'an City, Bazhong City, Dazhou City, and Nanchong City, no longer support the presence of the Sichuan golden snub‐nosed monkey. At present, the distribution range is confined to elevations between 1000 and 4000 m in the two major mountain ranges of Qionglai and Minshan. A holistic approach is required to safeguard this species. The establishment of movement corridors can play a critical role in enhancing the overall connectivity of current distribution areas. Additionally, we propose implementing a hierarchical approach to protect current habitats. Spatially differentiated conservation measures should be implemented to prioritize the protection of key habitats while simultaneously monitoring anthropogenic activities in non‐key habitats to prevent further fragmentation and isolation of the monkey's distribution areas.
A flexible theory for the dynamics of social populations: Within‐group density dependence and between‐group processes
Authors: Lerch Brian A. , Abbott Karen C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the importance of population structures throughout ecology, relatively little theoretical attention has been paid to understanding the implications of social groups for population dynamics. The dynamics of socially structured populations differ substantially from those of unstructured or metapopulation‐structured populations, because social groups themselves may split, fuse, and compete. These “between‐group processes” remain understudied as drivers of the dynamics of socially structured populations. Here, we explore the role of various between‐group processes in the dynamics of socially structured populations. To do so, we analyze a model that includes births, deaths, migration, fissions, fusions, and between‐group competition and flexibly allows for density dependence in each process. Both logistic growth and an Allee effect are considered for within‐group density dependence. We show that the effect of various between‐group processes is mediated by their influence on the stable distribution of group sizes, with the ultimate impact on the population determined by the interaction between within‐group density dependence and the process's effect on the group size distribution. Between‐group interactions that change the number of groups can lead to both negative and positive density dependence at the global population level (even if birth and death rates depend only on group size and not population size). We conclude with a series of case studies that illustrates different ways that age, sex, and class structure impact the dynamics of social populations. These case studies demonstrate the importance of group‐formation mechanisms, the cost of having excess males in a group, and the potential drawbacks of generating too many reproductive individuals. In sum, our results make clear the importance of within‐group density dependence, between‐group dynamics, and the interactions between them for the population dynamics of social species and provide a flexible framework for modeling social populations.
MelastomaTRAITs 1.0: A database of functional traits in Melastomataceae, a large pantropical angiosperm family
Authors: Reginato Marcelo , Ordónez‐Parra Carlos A. , Messeder João Vitor S. , Brito Vinicius L. G. , Dellinger Agnes , Kriebel Ricardo , Marra Camilla , Melo Lilian , Cornelissen Tatiana , Fuzessy Lisieux , Sperotto Patricia , Calderón‐Hernández Manuela , Guerra Tadeu J. , Kopper Constantin , Mancipe‐Murillo Carolina , Pizo Marco A. , Posada‐Herrera Juan Mauricio , Hasui Érica , Silva Wesley R. , Silveira Fernando A. O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe recent availability of open‐access repositories of functional traits has revolutionized trait‐based approaches in ecology and evolution. Nevertheless, the underrepresentation of tropical regions and lineages remains a pervasive bias in plant functional trait databases, which constrains large‐scale assessments of plant ecology, evolution, and biogeography. Here, we present MelastomaTRAITs 1.0, a comprehensive and updatable database of functional traits for the pantropical Melastomataceae, the ninth‐largest angiosperm family with 177 genera and more than 5800 species. Melastomataceae encompass species with a wide diversity of growth forms (herbs, shrubs, trees, epiphytes, and woody climbers), habitats (including tropical forests, savannas, grasslands, and wetlands from sea level to montane areas above the treeline), ecological strategies (from pioneer, edge‐adapted and invasive species to shade‐tolerant understory species), geographic distribution (from microendemic to continental‐wide distribution), reproductive, pollination, and seed dispersal systems. MelastomaTRAITs builds on 581 references, such as taxonomic monographs, ecological research, and unpublished data, and includes four whole‐plant traits, six leaf traits, 11 flower traits, 18 fruit traits, and 27 seed traits for 2520 species distributed in 144 genera across all 21 tribes. Most data come from the Neotropics where the family is most species‐rich. Miconieae (the largest tribe) contains the highest number of trait records (49.6%) and species (41.1%) records. The trait types with the most information in the database were whole‐plant traits, flowers, and leaf traits. With the breadth of functional traits recorded, our database helps to fill a gap in information for tropical plants and will significantly improve our capacity for large‐scale trait‐based syntheses across levels of organization, plant–animal interactions, regeneration ecology, and thereby support conservation and restoration programs. There are no copyright restrictions on the dataset; please cite this data paper when reusing the data.
Machine learning‐driven diagnostic signature provides new insights in clinical management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Shutong , Yuan Peiyu , Zheng Youyang , Guo Chunguang , Ren Yuqing , Weng Siyuan , Zhang Yuyuan , Liu Long , Xing Zhe , Wang Libo , Han Xinwei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsIn an era of evolving diagnostic possibilities, existing diagnostic systems are not fully sufficient to promptly recognize patients with early‐stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without symptomatic and instrumental features. Considering the sudden death of HCM, developing a novel diagnostic model to clarify the patients with early‐stage HCM and the immunological characteristics can avoid misdiagnosis and attenuate disease progression.Methods and resultsThree hundred eighty‐five samples from four independent cohorts were systematically retrieved. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis, differential expression analysis (|log2(foldchange)| > 0.5 and adjusted P < 0.05), and protein–protein interaction network were sequentially performed to identify HCM‐related hub genes. With a machine learning algorithm, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm, a stable diagnostic model was developed. The immune‐cell infiltration and biological functions of HCM were also explored to characterize its underlying pathogenic mechanisms and the immune signature. Two key modules were screened based on weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. Pathogenic mechanisms relevant to extracellular matrix and immune pathways have been discovered. Twenty‐seven co‐regulated genes were recognized as HCM‐related hub genes. Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, a stable HCM diagnostic model was constructed, which was further validated in the remaining three cohorts (n = 385). Considering the tight association between HCM and immune‐related functions, we assessed the infiltrating abundance of various immune cells and stromal cells based on the xCell algorithm, and certain immune cells were significantly different between high‐risk and low‐risk groups.ConclusionsOur study revealed a number of hub genes and novel pathways to provide potential targets for the treatment of HCM. A stable model was developed, providing an efficient tool for the diagnosis of HCM.
Left ventricular reverse remodelling as a promising strategy for resolving left ventricular thrombus
Authors: Chen Xuefu , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Yahui , Sun Yuxi , Si Jinping , Jiang Shufen , Hu Yuze , Ding Zijie , Xia Yunlong , Chen Yanwei , Liu Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsRecent years, several studies have suggested that abnormal baseline left ventricular (LV) function and structure are associated with left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation. Despite this, most studies have given less attention to the potential role of left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR), that is, the improvement of LV function and structure, in resolving LVT. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and LVT resolution in patients with LVRR.Methods and resultsThis is a retrospective study conducted at The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. Our cohort consists of patients diagnosed with LVT between 1 November 2015 and 31 May 2020. Enrolled patients were categorized into two groups: LVRR and Failure of LVRR. The primary endpoints included LVT resolution and embolic events. A total of 84 patients were included in the study, with 59 patients in the LVRR group and 25 patients in the Failure of LVRR group. In our study, patients in the LVRR group experienced higher incidence of LVT resolution and a lower risk of embolic events. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that Failure of LVRR was the only independent negative predictor for LVT resolution and positive predictor for embolic events.ConclusionsPatients with LVRR experience higher incidence of LVT resolution and have lower risk of embolic events, highlighting the significance of identifying and mitigating risk factors that contribute to abnormal LV function and structure in management of patients with LVT.
Oral nutritional supplements in older outpatients with heart failure: rationale and design of the ALIMENT‐HF trial
Authors: Fujimoto Yudai , Dotare Taishi , Maekawa Emi , Kamiya Kentaro , Kitai Takeshi , Kuwahara Koichiro , Sugano Teruyasu , Konishi Masaaki , Ohtani Tomohito , Sakamoto Yoko , Jujo Kentaro , Noda Chiharu , Ako Junya , Yanagisawa Naotake , Matsue Yuya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThe ALIMENT‐HF trial aims to determine whether high‐calorie and high‐protein oral nutritional supplements (ONS) are safe and beneficial for older adult outpatients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsThis multicentre, single‐arm, interventional pilot trial is designed to evaluate the tolerance, efficacy, and safety of ONS in older adult outpatients with chronic HF, malnutrition, and anorexia. In total, 80 outpatients with HF regardless of their left ventricular ejection fraction will be treated with ONS, including high‐energy (900 kcal/day) and high protein (36 g/day) supplementation, at eight sites in Japan. Inclusion criteria are as follows: age, ≥65 years; outpatients receiving maximally tolerated guideline‐directed medical therapy for HF and without change in their diuretic dosage during the last 3 months; outpatients at risk of malnutrition, defined as a Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥1 point, and anorexia, defined using a Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire for the Japanese Elderly (SNAQ‐JE) score of ≤14 points. Nutritional intervention will continue for up to 120 days, with an observational period lasting for a further 60 days. The primary outcome is a change in body weight between baseline and day 120.ConclusionsThe ALIMENT‐HF trial will evaluate the tolerance, efficacy, and safety of high‐calorie and high‐protein‐rich ONS in older outpatients with HF co‐morbid with malnutrition and anorexia and will provide insightful information for future randomized controlled trials.
Fluorene and Fluorenone Unnatural Amino Acid Motifs via Diastereoselective Pd(II)‐Catalyzed sp3C−H Functionalization
Authors: Banga Shefali , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper reports the construction of racemic and enantiopure (D‐ and L‐) fluorene and fluorenone‐based novel unnatural amino acid derivatives. The Pd(II)‐catalyzed bidentate directing group‐aided arylation of prochiral β‐C(sp3)‐H bonds in racemic, enantiopure carboxamides of amino acids with iodofluorenes was reported. The construction of novel examples of fluorene and fluorenone motifs containing amino acids comprising of norvaline, leucine, phenylalanine, norleucine, 2‐aminooctanoic acid derivatives having the anti‐stereochemistry (with good enantiopurity) was accomplished. The construction of bis fluorenyl alanine scaffolds and fluorenyl motif‐containing non‐α‐amino acid (aminoalkanoic acid) derivatives was also reported. Examples of removal of the directing group (8‐aminoquinoline) and phthalimide‐protecting group present in the fluorenyl‐based unnatural amino acid derivatives have been shown. Accordingly, fluorene motif‐based amino acid esters and free amino group‐containing unnatural amino acid derivatives were synthesized. The stereochemistry of the major (anti) diastereomers obtained via the prochiral β‐C(sp3)‐H arylation of norvaline, leucine, phenylalanine, norleucine, 2‐aminooctanoic acid derivatives was ascertained from the X‐ray structure of a representative compound. Fluorene‐ and fluorenone‐based motifs are vital skeletons in materials and medicinal chemistry research. Accordingly, this work is a contribution towards enriching the library of fluorene and fluorenone unnatural amino acid scaffolds.
Clinicians diagnosing virtual patients with the classification algorithm for chronic pain in the ICD‐11 (CAL‐CP) achieve better diagnoses and prefer the algorithm to standard tools: An experimental validation study
Authors: Hay Ginea , Korwisi Beatrice , Lahme‐Hütig Norman , Rief Winfried , Barke Antonia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe ICD‐11 classification of chronic pain comprises seven categories, each further subdivided. In total, it contains over 100 diagnoses each based on 5–7 criteria. To increase diagnostic reliability, the Classification Algorithm for Chronic Pain in the ICD‐11 (CAL‐CP) was developed. The current study aimed to evaluate the CAL‐CP regarding the correctness of assigned diagnoses, utility and ease of use.MethodsIn an international online study, n = 195 clinicians each diagnosed 4 out of 8 fictitious patients. The clinicians interacted via chat with the virtual patients to collect information and view medical histories and examination findings. The patient cases differed in complexity: simple patients had one chronic pain diagnosis; complex cases had two. In a 2 × 2 repeated‐measures design with the factors tool (algorithm/standard browser) and diagnostic complexity (simple/complex), clinicians used either the algorithm or the ICD‐11 browser for their diagnoses. After each case, clinicians indicated the pain diagnoses and rated the diagnostic process. The correctness of the assigned diagnoses and the ratings of the algorithm's utility and ease of use were analysed.ResultsThe use of the algorithm resulted in more correct diagnoses. This was true for chronic primary and secondary pain diagnoses. The clinicians preferred the algorithm over the ICD‐11 browser, rating it easier to work with and more useful. Especially novice users benefited from the algorithm.ConclusionsThe use of the algorithm increases the correctness of the diagnoses for chronic pain and is well accepted by clinicians. The CAL‐CP's use should be considered in routine care and research contexts.Significance StatementThe ICD‐11 has come into effect in January 2022. Clinicians and researchers will soon begin using the new classification of chronic pain. To facilitate clinicians training and diagnostic accuracy, a classification algorithm was developed. The paper investigates whether clinicians using the algorithm—as opposed to the generic tools provided by the WHO—reach more correct diagnoses when they diagnose standardized patients and how they rate the comparative utility of the diagnostic instruments available.
Earthquake simulator testing of a three‐story steel building for evaluating built‐up box column performance and effect of sliding slab
Authors: Chou Chung‐Che , Lin Huang‐Zuo , Córdova Alvaro , Chen Jian‐Ming , Chou Daniel Yen‐Hsun , Chao Shu‐Hsien , Chao Shih‐Ho , Tsampras Georgios , Uang Chia‐Ming , Chung Hsin‐Yang , Loh Chin‐Hsiung , Hu Hsuan‐Teh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe width‐thickness requirement for highly ductile built‐up box columns in AISC 341‐22 is conservative when comparing the hysteretic responses of highly ductile box columns and I‐shaped columns. This study aimed to assess the seismic performance of moderately ductile box columns in a 3‐story steel dual frame with a buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) and a special moment frame (SMF). The frame specimen was configured in phase 1 testing to allow the slabs to slide relative to the steel frame; Teflon pads were provided between the slabs and steel beams, and horizontal buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) were installed between the slabs and steel beams. In phase 2, the horizontal BRBs were replaced by rigid links such that the frame specimen simulated a conventional construction. Two phases with 17 shake table tests were conducted on the frame specimen. A near‐fault motion record, obtained from the 2022 Chihshang earthquake, was used as an input motion. In phase 1, test results showed that the slab sliding system was effective in reducing the floor acceleration by 25% when compared to the rigid slab frame system. In phase 2, the base of moderately ductile built‐up box columns still performed well without local buckling even when the interstory drift angle reached 0.045 rad. Postearthquake tests were conducted on the all‐steel, first‐story BRB that was removed from the building specimen after all shake table tests. A higher‐mode buckling of the core plate was observed at both ends of the core, causing a minor strength increase at the end of the test.
Structural condition assessment with structural health monitoring systems and nonlinear simplified models
Authors: Aytulun Emre , Soyöz Serdar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDamage assessment of tall buildings after an earthquake is important for efficient postearthquake management due to social and economic reasons. Structural health monitoring (SHM) system enables rapid, remote, and objective condition assessment for tall buildings by controlling dynamic properties of structures. However, tracking only the changes in dynamic properties of tall buildings may not be sufficient for damage assessment. In this paper, changes in modal frequencies and maximum interstory drift ratio are investigated as damage assessment indicators because they can be obtained by analyzing vibration data recorded by SHM system. On the other hand, limited number of sensors are used due to economic reasons. Therefore, in this paper, firstly, a unique methodology on development and optimization of nonlinear simplified model for tall buildings is presented to estimate responses of noninstrumented floors from instrumented floors. After that, new threshold values are suggested for changes in dynamic properties and interstory drift ratios to reliably decide performance level of structures after earthquakes. Finally, the proposed method was validated with vibration record of a real damaged building.
Valorization of pineapple leaves: Effective conversion of agro waste to textile materials
Authors: Jalil Mohammad Abdul , Repon Md. Reazuddin , Jurkonienė Sigita , Haji Aminoddin , Hussain Syed Zubair , Shukhratov Sharof 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly practices by reducing the usage of virgin materials and minimizing the environmental impact associated with textile production has increased. However, due to the subjectivity of reuse and recycling for waste management, developing textiles with sustainable and quality yarn characteristics remains a challenge. The main goal of this experiment is to produce a new sustainable blended open end (OE)‐rotor yarn by using pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) and recycled waste fiber (RWF). OE‐rotor yarns are made in various proportions from RWFs generated from clothing wastes and bleached PALF at 20%, 50%, and 80%, respectively. To provide a more accurate evaluation, the properties of 100% PALF OE‐rotor yarns versus PALF‐RWF blended OE‐rotor yarns are compared. The evaluation of various physical properties led to the discovery that rotor yarns with up to 80% RWF‐PALF blended yarns had an acceptable number of physical attributes. The findings were encouraging given that the created yarns from RWF with PALF blended are less expensive than the yarns produced from standard raw materials. It also has a dual‐benefit for the manufacturers that it allows them to make money from the waste while also addressing zero waste management and disposal challenges.
The interaction mechanism of different ionic polysaccharides with myofibrillar protein and its contribution to the heat‐induced gels
Authors: Li Shuang , Lin Songyi , Jiang Pengfei , Bao Zhijie , Qian Xixin , Wang Shuo , Sun Na 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolysaccharides are widely used as quality improvers for meat products. However, the mechanisms of how different ionic polysaccharides regulate the gelling properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) are still unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of different ionic polysaccharides to MP gelation and its mechanism. The enhancement of hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction, and disulfide bond between carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC‐Na, anionic polysaccharide) and MP made them bind tightly, which contributes to the improvement of gel strength, water‐holding capacity, and viscoelasticity. Konjac glucomannan (neutral polysaccharide) mainly relied on physical filling to support the gel network and improve the gel characteristics. The electrostatic attraction between cationic polysaccharides and MP enhanced the binding between them. However, due to the large structure of chitosan (cationic polysaccharide) sugar chain, it can only attach to the surface of protein, which limits the interaction between them. These findings will provide guidance for the application of polysaccharides as food quality improvers or fat substitutes and the design of new low‐fat restructured meat products.