bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Exploration and Production Forum Chemicals Data Base
Authors: de Jong G. , de Ligny W. , Read A. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Oil Exploration and Production Industry represented in the E&P Forum is establishing a Chemicals Data Base for the benefit of Operators, Suppliers and Governments. It will collate data relevant to environmental and health hazard assessment of the chemicals used in oil exploration and production in a consistent form based on a Minimum Data Set. Suppliers of chemicals and chemical products will be asked to submit the data by filling out of a questionnaire, the so-called "Minimum Data Set (MDS)".
Operator members of the E&P Forum will have access to the data in the data bank on the products which they use or intend to use, and may provide data to Governments as required for their operations in a particular country. This procedure will ensure that adequate, good quality information will be available and readily accessible to Operators and Governments to support decisions about acceptance of use and eventual disposal of chemicals and wastes containing chemicals in the offshore (or onshore) environment.
To this purpose the MDS comprises data on bioaccumulation potential, toxicity to aquatic life and biodegradability, as well as toxicological data relevant to human health hazard assessment. The environmental and toxicological data are also in line with data required in the OECD and EEC for chemical hazard assessment and classification procedures. This will have the added advantage to chemical suppliers of minimising duplication of effort in satisfying Government requirements for marketing products.
The progress of the project to date will be presented.
Benefits of a Relational Database for Computerized Management of Environmental and Health Information
Authors: Shepherd W. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A computerized relational database is the basis for a hazardous materials information management system which is comprehensive, effective, flexible and efficient. The system includes product information for Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), labels, shipping, and the environment and is used in Dowell Schlumberger (DS) operations worldwide for a number of programs including planning, training, emergency response and regulatory compliance.
Accident Analysis: A Tool for Safety Management
Authors: Azambre J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Occupational Accident Analysis and Reporting system (OCAAR) is a computerised system used by those responsible for any activity on sites to identify: –origins of any accident/incident when it occurs–chain of events leading to accident/incident.
The origins of an accident/incident are split into the following four categories –human factors–procedural factors–technical defects–others
One accident/incident can involve several categories. The causes of all accidents and incidents are ranked from the most frequent to the less frequent ones for a given period.
The methodology will identify and quantify the origins of accidents and incidents.
Accordingly to define and to implement specific actions such as training programme, procedural improvement, and even modifications of a safety concept are a consequence of the OCAAR System (shown in Table 1).
By analysing OCAAR data, the Company safety policy and performance can be evaluated and areas requiring attention are highlighted.
Achieving a Four-Fold Reduction in Vehicle Accidents in the Oil Field
Authors: Pousset M. , de Fleurieu R. , Williams J. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACTAn innovative vehicle accident prevention system, VAPS, has been used to reduce vehicle accidents in the African-Mediterranean oilfields. The system records various parameters of vehicle movement which are related to defensive driving skills. This information is then used to target management and training efforts to achieve an impressive reduction in vehicle accidents.Each vehicle is fitted with a microprocessor and various sensors from which speed, acceleration, braking, etc., are determined. These parameters are recorded on a memory card which must be inserted into the microprocessor before the vehicle can be operated. Driving information is obtained for individual drivers by assigning each driver a personal memory card. Each driver is then able to retrieve valuable information regarding his/her driving habits by using a PC-based cardreader back at the office.Vehicle accidents are reviewed showing the need for the benefits this system can provide. The VAPS hardware is then described to show which parameters can be measured. The majority of the paper focuses on the analysis of these measurements and how they are applied to improve defensive driving habits. Real case histories are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the system.
A Comprehensive Road Safety Program
Authors: Messier S. R. , Hart R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Shell Canada Road Safety Program was developed to address the diversified operating needs of employees who were expected to drive as part of their job, and who were exposed to various hazards, both rural and urban. The intent of this program is to produce more aware drivers who enter the driving environment with a positive, constructive mindset rather than a negative, confrontational one. The new approach relies on the more descriptive term "proactive" to convey the need to think ahead and think about others. The Shell Canada Road Safety Program encompasses a wide range of issues from a comprehensive policy to specific requirements relating to the driver, vehicle and the environment. A major activity was die development of new training modules. The program focuses on the reduction of injuries to our employees and damage to our vehicles. The emphasis on road safety is intended to create a significant shift in driving attitudes. The program demonstrates management's commitment to road safety and stresses the need for continued leadership by management and supervisors for both employees and contractors. This paper discusses the development, implementation and monitoring stages of the Road Safety Program.
Safety in Waterborne Operations in Nigeria: Shell Nigeria Experience
Authors: Asini M. I. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the sprawling swamps of the Niger Delta of Nigeria present certain unique safety challenges to the operator. This paper presents the safety problems associated with the extensive waterborne operations of Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC). It reviews programmes which have been developed to safeguard personnel, facilities and equipment, and the effectiveness of these initiatives.
SPDC is the Operator of the Joint Venture established by Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and Shell, Agip and Elf in Nigeria. The Company maintains a production availability of over 1.0 million barrels per day.
The waterborne operations cover an area of some 100,000 sq. kms. which is accessible only by boats and helicopters. A total of about 30,000 persons (5,000 company staff and 25,000 contractors staff) are employed in these activities, a large percentage of whom are waterborne operators. These are supported, apart from land transport fleet, by 9 helicopters and some 300 water craft for personnel and equipment transportation.
All facets of E and P operations ranging from seismic data acquisition through drilling and engineering construction to established production activities are conducted in the swamps.
With the large number of persons working in the swamp each day, travelling to and from the Company’s main bases and central accommodation points, there is the need to monitor the movement of personnel and to communicate over considerable distances for control of work and for quick response in an emergency. For these, there has been a continual review and enhancement of related safety measures and training. These measures include swimming training and certification of all waterborne personnel, provision and use of floatation aids and rescue drills.
Over the years, the record of work related deaths by drowning of Company and Contractors staff has been of great concern. Are the measures instituted yielding results? An evaluation of these and plans for the future will conclude the paper.
Halon Firefighting Agents: A Guide To Minimising Use and Losses
Authors: Pope P. R. , Dalzell G. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the current state of the International agreements on the use of halons and thesubsequent National and industry approaches to the subject. It examines the definition of "Essential Use" and gives particular examples to clarify its interpretation.
Alternative methods of loss control are reviewed. It does not address alternative active firefighting agents but examines the need for protection in particular areas. It addresses reduction of thehazards and consequences so that the need for protection can be minimised.
Practical measures to minimise the installed quantities of halon are described. This covers specifications for new, essential, systems and the short term reduction of inventories in existing systems. The causes of leakage and accidental releases are studied and preventive measures are proposed.
The paper concludes with an overview of the current research into replacement agents and the future outlook.
Gas Astray: Education and Training To Understand and Deal With Gas Leakages and Gas Fires
Authors: Velde B. , Tveit O. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
"Gas Astray" is a safety education programme with a theoretical and a practical training module complementing each other.
The objective is to provide operating personnel with knowledge about hydrocarbons and the consequences of a release, especially emphasi-zing on natural gas under high pressure.
A training field is being built at the Karst0 termi-nal on the west coast of Norway, where releases of various hydrocarbons can be made. Gas relea-ses from storage pressure of 100 bar will be made unignited as well as ignited, producing vertical or horizontal flames up to about 60 m or more.
Various types of releases will be demonstrated and fire fighting training on different objects will be available.
A Computer Monitoring System Improves Rig Safety
Authors: White D. B. , Weishaupt M. , Kent D. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Improvements to safety on a drilling rig must cover all aspects of its operations. Safety awareness of the crew is clearly an important area, but careful set up of drilling equipment and monitoring of the operation is another. A computer system for real time monitoring of rig status, problem detection and controlling rig operations is described. This is the first step towards control, and then automation which will bring further safety and environmental benefits.
It is important for the driller to have the capability to follow activities on the rig to ensure that they are appropriate to current rig operations and consistent with safe conditions. A computer system can also help by being continuously vigilant, watching for the earliest signs of potentially catastrophic events, detecting them before they become critical and alerting the driller. This includes monitoring pressure and flow data to check for washouts that can result in a twist off, and checking flow rates and tank volumes for early kick detection. The system can also be used for post analysis of problems to help develop new procedures to avoid re-occurrence.
In this paper we briefly review the event detection capability of the system with intelligent alarms for washout and kick detection. Early kick detection reduces the problem of circulating out the kick, but it is still a hazardous procedure requiring close monitoring. A new display has beenintroduced to monitor kill procedures and has led to better control.
The operation and experience with this system in terms of safety benefits are discussed and illustrated with field examples. Finally we discuss the way forward and how such systems are currently being developed to include process control and automation for the rig of the future.
Implementation of Corporate Contractor Safety Guideline
Authors: Craft M. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Contractor safety is an issue of major importance in the petroleum and petrochemical industry both in the United States and worldwide. Management, as well as employees, have a vested interest in addressing the contractor safety issue. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the United States, in both the Office of General Industry and the Office of Construction, has taken steps to analyze the use of contractors in the petroleum/petrochemical industry. Legislation of contractor safety issues is likely to result from these analyses. In light of this increased concern and attention, many major oil companies have taken a proactive stance and implemented contractor safety programs.
This paper addresses one major oil company who has adopted a corporate contractor safety guideline and how their exploration and producing company has implemented the guideline.
Recent catastrophic incidents within the petroleum and petrochemical industry have led to concern about the use of contractors to perform routine maintenance work at plant, platform, and facilities. These catastrophic incidents include the explosion and fire on the Piper Alpha Platform in the North Sea, the explosion and fire at the Phillip’s Chemical Plant in Pasadena, Texas, and the explosion and fire at the Arco Chemical Plant in Channelview, Texas. Each of these incidents resulted in the loss of lives and extensive property damage.
Contractor Safety Performance Significantly Improves
Authors: Simon J. M. , Piquard P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
ESSO REP, EXXON's upstream affiliate in France has made significant progress in improving both employee and contractor safety performance as the result of an enhanced safety management program. This program, initiated in 1984 has resulted in no company employee lost time accidents since 1985 and in contractor lost time accident [LTA] frequency being reduced from 53 LTA's per million hours worked in 1984 down to 11 LTA/MH in 1990. This paper will review the key elements of this program and its results in the area of contractor safety performance.
Contractor Safety: Matching Owners and Contractors
Authors: Blanton M. L. , Montgomery E. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The recent trend in the United States and Shell Oil Company E&P has been to increase use of contractors to do specialized work. Many companies now use contractors almost exclusively for operations such as drilling, well workovers, construction, and many speciality and routine maintenance tasks. Today, approximately 75% of Shell Oil Company’s actual operating work force in E&P is contract.
Several recent industry catastrophes have pointed to inadequately trained contract workers as a primary cause. Industry is accused of using contractors to reduce operating costs and contractor safety is an issue in many regulatory initiatives in the United States. Contractor safety performance must be brought up to the same standards as company performance.
The E&P industry has had a long standing practice of using competitive bids based on rigid specifications as our primary method of contractor selection. Historically, the competitive bidding process has been primarily to select qualified contractors who provided the best value for the money. The management of safety has been the contractor’s responsibility with little effort historically to evaluate the contractor’s ability to carry out that responsibility.
Clearly, HS&E considerations must become an increasingly important part of the contractor selection process. In Shell Oil Company E&P we are evolving from a bidder selection process to a program of "Matching Owner and Contractor." We have begun to expand our efforts to make better assessments of contractor’s HS&E capabilities and values in pre-bid considerations. We are focusing our pre-bid evaluations to select contractors that have strong HS&E commitments and values similar to ours. We are looking for contractors who have management processes and structures in place to insure their HS&E performance is consistent with our requirements.
Contractor safety performance in our industry must be brought up to the same standards as operating companies. In Shell Oil E&P we will only use those contractors who can and are willing to do that.
The Development and Implementation of Environmental Training for Management and Employees
Authors: Grant R. O. , Whelan M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the design and implementation of an environmental training strategy in a major North Sea operating company. The training events were designed using in-house environmental and training advisers to include all levels of management, operational employees and contractors. As well as designing new courses, material was produced to introduce an environmental awareness component into some existing courses.
Field Training: An Efficient Means for Providing Individual HSE Training and Stimulating Employee Motivation
Authors: Mumford G. E. , Hadaway E. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Individualized, personal training can be used to increase an employee1s awareness of the HSE program. Such training can stimulate personal commitment and provide personal skills that can be utilized for the benefit of the overall HSE effort. If conducted properly, this training "personalizes" the HSE program for the individual, encouraging active participation. This can be especially effective when such training not only enhances personal job satisfaction, but also teaches skills that are beneficial both on and off the job. This is not a new concept in training or employee motivation, and such training is being conducted in various forms within many industries. But, providing such training within our industry can be a difficult task due to the scheduling, travel arrangements, and costs associated with bringing employees from isolated, remote locations to centrally located training facilities.
One method of overcoming these obstacles involves the use of field instructors to provide the training at the many, and varied work-sites. By using this method, a greater number of individuals can be reached with minimal disruption to their work scheduling or to their time off. In fact, this type of on-site training is already used by some oil companies and drilling contractors with encouraging results.
This paper describes one drilling contractor's experiences with such a training program. The results after eight years show that this program not only can provide an efficient, economical means of employee training, but also can have a direct application to employee motivation regarding a company's HSE effort.
A Safer Approach to Controlling the Cementing Operations at the Wellhead
Authors: Lavaure G. , Galiana G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The installation of conventional cementing heads on the casing is time consuming and difficult to achieve. Loading and releasing the plugs is currently controlled manually by several operators acting directly on the head. This operation can take place up to 12m (40 ft) above the rig floor and exposes the personnel to high-pressure in the cementing head and the treating lines.
A new generation of remote-controlled cementing heads has been developed and tested in the field.
This paper describes how the system operates and performs. All safety aspects for rig-up, installation, and operations are detailed. Qualification test data and a summary of the field testing are provided to demonstrate the advantages of this new generation of cementing head in terms of both safety and operation.
An Overview of the OSHA-Proposed Standard for Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals with Emphasis on Its Implementation
Authors: Jackson R. L. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Recent disasters in the petrochemical industry have indicated that more clearly defined process safety controls are needed. Process safety management (PSM) is not an overnight adjustment. It is a program designed to change the culture of how processes are managed over a long period of time. Process safety management is not a new idea, but perhaps its full implications are not widely understood.
The proposed United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation for process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals (29 CFR 1910.119) is scheduled to be issued by the end of 1991. Although the OSHA program will not become law until then, two organizations within the United States (the American Petroleum Institute - API, and the Chemical Manufacturers Association - CMA) have taken the initiative to define model programs and their member companies are already taking steps to implement voluntary programs.
The API is a trade association of the petroleum industry whose primary objectives, are; (1) to afford a means of cooperation with the government in all matters of national concern; (2) to foster foreign and domestic trade in American petroleum products; (3) to promote in general, the interests of the petroleum industry in all its branches; and (4) to promote the mutual improvement of its members and the study of the arts and sciences connected with the petroleum industry.
Design Option Safety Assessment (DOSA): Method for the Assessment and Selection of Least Hazardous Design Option
Authors: Jordan D. , Poblete B. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Design Option Safety Assessment (DOSA) provides a method for ’front-end’ comparative selection of the safest option from any group of possible development schemes. It can also be used to rate the elements of a single scheme in terms of their relative risks, thereby indicating where efforts could best be made for the reduction/mitigation of hazards.
The method is qualitative, requiring experienced personnel for implementation, but derives a quantitative relative score for each scheme (or element) reviewed. Higher scoring schemes are likely to be more hazardous than those with lower scores.
There are three basic routines (made up of six steps of analysis) steps in the procedure: Scoring of Relative Importance of ElementsThe elements of a scheme are compared with each other to obtain their relative importance in terms of potential hazard effect. This is done on a matrix and score as follows:2 = element has more potential than comparison element.1 = element has some potential as comparison element.0 = element has less potential than comparison element.Scoring of Accidental EventsA set of accidental events are applied to each element of each scheme, using a matrix and a scoring method similar to that in 1. above.SummationElements and accidental event scores for each scheme are multiplied, and then multiplied by a risk factor (0 = no risk, 10 = very high risk) to obtain a final score for each design option.
The method has been adapted for use on a standard personal computer spreadsheet software and used for selection of a subsea development scheme. The study was presented together with outlines of the work subsequently undertaken to indicate how risk reductions were obtained in the finally accepted scheme.