bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renovation of a “sick building”: The challenge of attaining the confidence of occupants
Authors: Lahtinen Marjaana , Salonen Heidi , Lappalainen Sanna , Huttunen Jukka , Reijula Kari 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis case study focused on the renovation of a building with severe mold and HVAC problems. The users did not trust the success of the planned remedies, and the situation became conflict‐prone. The aims of the study were to improve communication and cooperation between experts participating in the renovation process and the future users of the building and monitor the success of the remedies.MethodsAn intervention was implemented with the aim of making the renovation easily understood by the future users of the building and preventing the escalation of unnecessary concern among them. The follow‐up methods comprised a questionnaire study, technical inspections, quality measurements of the indoor air, structural follow‐up measurements, and interviews of key persons.ResultsThe renovation itself seems to have been successful, and the model to improve communication and cooperation appears to be a promising one. The confidence of the future users was attained, and the relocation took place as planned.ConclusionsIn order to succeed in the renovation of a “sick building,” both technical expertise and investment in information and communication are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:438–445, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for an interaction of schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosome 6q23.3 and 10q24.33–q26.13 in Arab Israeli families
Authors: Alkelai A. , Kohn Y. , Olender T. , Sarner‐Kanyas K. , Rigbi A. , Hamdan A. , Ben‐Asher E. , Lancet D. , Lerer B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA genome scan for schizophrenia related loci in Arab Israeli families by Lerer et al. [Lerer et al. (2003); Mol Psychiatry 8:488–498] detected significant evidence for linkage at chromosome 6q23. Subsequent fine mapping [Levi et al. (2005); Eur J Hum Genet 13:763–771], association [Amann‐Zalcenstein et al. (2006); Eur J Hum Genet 14:1111–1119] and replication studies [Ingason et al. (2007); Eur J Hum Genet 15:988–991] identifiedAHI1as a putative susceptibility gene. The same genome scan revealed suggestive evidence for a schizophrenia susceptibility locus in the 10q23–26 region. Genes at these two loci may act independently in the pathogenesis of the disease in our homogeneous sample of Arab Israeli families or may interact with each other and with other factors in a common biological pathway. The purpose of our current study was to test the hypothesis of genetic interaction between these two loci and to identify the type of interaction between them. The initial stage of our study focused on the 10q23–q26 region which has not been explored further in our sample. The second stage of the study included a test for possible genetic interaction between the 6q23.3 locus and the refined 10q24.33–q26.13 locus. A final candidate region of 19.9 Mb between markers D10S222 (105.3 Mb) and D10S587 (125.2 Mb) was found on chromosome 10 by non‐parametric and parametric linkage analyses. These linkage findings are consistent with previous reports in the same chromosomal region. Two‐locus multipoint linkage analysis under three complex disease inheritance models (heterogeneity, multiplicative, and additive models) yielded a best maximum LOD score of 7.45 under the multiplicative model suggesting overlapping function of the 6q23.3 and 10q24.33–q26.13 loci. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Profiling brain expression of the spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) gene in suicide
Authors: Klempan Timothy A. , Rujescu Dan , Mérette Chantal , Himmelman Carla , Sequeira Adolfo , Canetti Lilian , Fiori Laura M. , Schneider Barbara , Bureau Alexandre , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAltered stress reactivity is considered to be a risk factor for both major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior. The authors have sought to expand their previous findings implicating altered expression of spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), the rate‐limiting enzyme involved in catabolism of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in the polyamine stress response (PSR), across multiple brain regions between control individuals and depressed individuals who have died by suicide. Microarray expression of probesets annotated to SAT1 were examined across 17 brain regions in 13 controls and 26 individuals who have died by suicide (16 with a diagnosis of major depression and 10 without), all of French‐Canadian origin. Profiling conducted on the Affymetrix U133A/B chipset was further examined on a second chipset (U133 Plus 2.0) using RT‐PCR, and analyzed in a second, independent sample. A reduction in SAT1 expression identified through multiple probesets was observed across 12 cortical regions in depressed individuals who have died by suicide compared with controls. Of these, five cortical regions showed statistically significant reductions which were supported by RT‐PCR and analysis on the additional chipset. SAT1 cortical expression levels were also found to be significantly lower in an independent sample of German subjects with major depression who died by suicide in comparison with controls. These findings suggest that downregulation of SAT1 expression may play a role in depression and suicidality, possibly by impeding the normal PSR program or through compensation for the increased polyamine metabolism accompanying the psychological distress associated with depressive disorders. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are Allenes with Zwitterionic Character Still Allenes? Of Course!
Authors: Lavallo Vincent , Dyker C. Adam , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDer wahre Grundzustand von 1 ist Gegenstand der Debatte, zum Zweck einer klaren und einfachen Beschreibung ist aber die allenische Resonanzform 1 a am zweckdienlichsten. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Argumente, die Christl und Engels bezüglich der Aromatizität dieser Spezies anführen, inkorrekt sind.magnified image
Plug‐Based Microfluidics with Defined Surface Chemistry to Miniaturize and Control Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Peptides
Authors: Meier Matthias , Kennedy‐Darling Julia , Choi Se Hoon , Norstrom Eric M. , Sisodia Sangram S. , Ismagilov Rustem F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDie Miniaturisierung von Proteinaggregationsexperimenten erfordert die Kontrolle der Grenzflächenchemie, um Proteinaggregation aufgrund von Grenzflächenadsorption zu vermeiden. Pfropfenbasierte Mikrofluidik mit definierter Oberflächenchemie (siehe Bild) kann verwendet werden, um hunderte von Aggregationsexperimenten mit nur begrenzt verfügbaren Proben, z. B. der Rückenmarksflüssigkeit von Mäusen, auszuführen.magnified image
Are Allenes with Zwitterionic Character Still Allenes? Of Course!
Authors: Lavallo Vincent , Dyker C. Adam , Donnadieu Bruno , Bertrand Guy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe true ground state of 1 is a matter of debate, but for clarity and convenience the allene resonance form 1 a, is the most appropriate. The arguments for aromaticity made by Christl and Engels are shown to be incorrect.magnified image
Taming the Highly Reactive Oxonium Ion
Authors: Haley Michael M. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract'Onium rings: Incorporation of the trivalent oxygen atom as a structural element within the tricyclic core of 1–3 imparts unprecedented stability to this “extraordinary” class of tertiary oxonium ions. Cation 1 is the least reactive and can be refluxed in water for 72 hours with no noticeable decomposition.magnified image
On‐line evaluation of the stability of an inspection process
Authors: González Isabel , Sánchez Ismael 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article proposes control charts to monitor an inspection process based on the defective proportion of the inspected parts. The focus is on inspection process where the incoming parts form a sequence of independent units, such as unrelated clients arriving at a service facility. An example of this kind of inspection process is the periodic motor vehicle (PMVI) inspection. The effectiveness of the proposed control is evaluated using Monte Carlo experiments and is applied to an actual PMVI station. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous analysis of physiological and electrical output changes in an operating microbial fuel cell with Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Biffinger Justin C. , Ray Ricky , Little Brenda J. , Fitzgerald Lisa A. , Ribbens Meghann , Finkel Steven E. , Ringeisen Bradley R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChanges in metabolism and cellular physiology of facultative anaerobes during oxygen exposure can be substantial, but little is known about how these changes connect with electrical current output from an operating microbial fuel cell (MFC). A high‐throughput voltage based screening assay (VBSA) was used to correlate current output from a MFC containing Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 to carbon source (glucose or lactate) utilization, culture conditions, and biofilm coverage over 250 h. Lactate induced an immediate current response from S. oneidensis MR‐1, with both air‐exposed and anaerobic anodes throughout the duration of the experiments. Glucose was initially utilized for current output by MR‐1 when cultured and maintained in the presence of air. However, after repeated additions of glucose, the current output from the MFC decreased substantially while viable planktonic cell counts and biofilm coverage remained constant suggesting that extracellular electron transfer pathways were being inhibited. Shewanella maintained under an anaerobic atmosphere did not utilize glucose consistent with literature precedents. Operation of the VBSA permitted data collection from nine simultaneous S. oneidensis MR‐1 MFC experiments in which each experiment was able to demonstrate organic carbon source utilization and oxygen dependent biofilm formation on a carbon electrode. These data provide the first direct evidence of complex cellular responses to electron donor and oxygen tension by Shewanella in an operating MFC at select time points. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 524–531. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of a Phosphonate‐Linked Aminoglycoside–Coenzyme A Bisubstrate and Use in Mechanistic Studies of an Enzyme Involved in Aminoglycoside Resistance
Authors: Gao Feng , Yan Xuxu , Auclair Karine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractJust five steps! The synthesis of a phosphonate‐linked aminoglycoside‐coenzyme A derivative (see scheme) that includes a Michael addition in water has been realized in just five steps.magnified imageAminoglycoside N‐6′‐acetyltransferases (AAC(6′)s) are important determinants of antibiotic resistance. A good mechanistic understanding of these enzymes is essential to overcome aminoglycoside resistance. We have previously reported the synthesis of amide‐ and sulfonamide‐linked aminoglycoside–coenzyme A conjugates, which were useful mechanistic and structural probes of AAC(6′)s. We report here the synthesis of a phosphonate‐linked aminoglycoside–coenzyme A variant, which is expected to be a superior mimic of the tetrahedral intermediate proposed for catalysis by AAC(6′)s. This synthetic target is especially challenging for a number of reasons, including the presence of multiple functional groups, the water solubility of both starting materials, and incompatibility of PIII chemistry with water. We have overcome these challenges by adding the expensive coenzyme A in the last step by means of an elegant Michael‐type addition onto a vinylphosphonate in water. Overall, a single protection step was needed. The decreased inhibitory potency of this bisubstrate compared to that of the amide‐linked analogue suggests that Enterococcus faecium AAC(6′)‐Ii may not stabilize the proposed tetrahedral intermediate, and may act mainly through proximity catalysis.
Synthesis of Organometallic Poly(dendrimer)s by Macromonomer Polymerization: Effect of Dendrimer Size and Structural Rigidity on the Polymerization Efficiency
Authors: Cheung Siu‐Yin , Chow Hak‐Fun , Ngai To , Wei Xiaoling 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCyclization versus propagation: The copolymerization behavior of a dendritic macromonomer with a metal‐containing linker is controlled by the dendrimer size and its structural rigidity. Structurally more flexible dendritic monomers tend to form more cyclic oligomers than structurally rigid monomers (see figure).magnified imageTwo series of first to third generation (G1–G3) oligoether dendrimers, one bearing a shorter spacer chain (CO) and the other having a longer spacer branch (CCCO) were prepared. Both series of compounds, containing two reactive CCH moieties on the dendrimer surface, were used as macromonomers and copolymerized with trans‐[Pt(PEt3)2Cl2] to form organometallic poly(dendrimer)s by an outer‐sphere–outer‐sphere connection strategy. It was found that concentration of monomer used in the polymerization, the dendrimer generation, and, most strikingly, the length of the spacer were key factors that determined the polymerization efficiency. Hence, the structurally more rigid and compact CO linked dendrimers formed poly(dendrimer)s with a higher degree of polymerization than the structurally less rigid and more bulky CCCO dendrimers. This result was due to the higher tendency to form cyclic oligomers in the latter series of compounds. In addition, the differences in the polymerization efficiency among the three generations of dendrimers could be explained by the gradual decrease of reactive functional group density on the dendrimer surface.
Cytotoxicities and Structure–Activity Relationships of Natural and Unnatural Lamellarins toward Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Chittchang Montakarn , Batsomboon Paratchata , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ploypradith Poonsakdi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractShedding light on the lamellarins: Structural determinants for potent cytotoxic activity toward various cancer cell lines were systematically investigated to establish SARs for the marine alkaloids in the lamellarin family. The C5C6 double bond ensures not only the planarity of the D‐ring, but also proper alignment of the substituents on the E‐ring with their respective moieties of the target. The importance of the C7 OH group is also revealed for the first time.magnified imageTwenty‐two naturally occurring and three unnatural lamellarins were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against cancer cells. Across eleven cancer cell lines derived from six different cancer types, the IC50 values of these compounds ranged from sub‐nanomolar (0.08 nM) to micromolar (>97.0 μM). About one‐fourth (6/25) and one‐half (11/25) of these lamellarins are more potent than the positive control, etoposide, against at least six different cell lines and three different cell types, respectively. In general, lamellarins D, X, ε, M, N, and dehydrolamellarin J are significantly more potent than the other lamellarins. The IC50 values were used to perform structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies by comparing the cytotoxic activities of several pairs of lamellarin structures that differ in selected substitution patterns. Our results not only reveal the importance of specific hydroxylation or methoxylation patterns for the first time, but also confirm prior findings and clarify some previous uncertainties.
Daxabe – A Xanthene‐Based Fluorescent Sensor for 3,5‐Dinitrobenzoic Acid and Anions
Authors: Muñiz Francisco M. , Alcázar Victoria , Simón Luis , Raposo César , Calle Emilio , Morán Joaquín R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new set of receptors based on a dimethylxanthene skeleton has been synthesized. Owing to its suitable oxyanion hole structure, these receptors can associate with carboxylic acids. The combination of this skeleton with a fluorescent unit such as dansyl allows the detection of small amounts of carboxylic acids by making use of fluorescent techniques, such that the response of daxabe depends on the nature of the guest. Anions such as halogenides are also suitable guests for daxabe and can be associated. This receptor also afforded good results in the extraction of zwitterionic amino acids from the aqueous to the organic layer in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 ether. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Sequential 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to β‐(2‐Aminophenyl) α,β‐Ynones and Cyclocondensation: A New Entry to the Isoxazolino[4,5‐c]quinoline Ring
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Arcadi Antonio , Marinelli Fabio , Rossi Elisabetta , Verdecchia Mirella 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe reaction of β‐(2‐aminophenyl) α,β‐ynones with N‐methyl nitrones provides a simple and efficient entry to the isoxazolino[4,5‐c]quinoline ring system through a sequential 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition/annulation process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Determination of Arsenic(III) Using Platinum Nanoparticle‐Modified Screen‐Printed Carbon‐Based Electrodes
Authors: Sanllorente‐Méndez Silvia , Domínguez‐Renedo Olga , Arcos‐Martínez M. Julia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe electrochemical detection of arsenic(III) was investigated on platinum nanoparticle‐modified carbon‐based screen‐printed electrodes (PtNPs/SPCEs) in 1 M aqueous H2SO4. PtNPs/SPCEs were prepared by electrochemical deposition of K2PtCl6. The resulting electrode surfaces were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By using the As(III) oxidation peak for the analytical determination, there is no interference from Cu(II) if present in contrast to the other metal surfaces typically used for the detection of arsenic in electrochemistry. Precision of the proposed method was very good and a relative good accuracy determined by analysis of a certificate sample and in a spiked tap water sample. Electroinactive As(V) was reduced to As(III) by sodium thiosulfate prior to determination. The detection limit for As(III) obtained was 5.68 μg L−1. In terms of reproducibility, the precision of the above mentioned method in % RSD was calculated at 2.27%.
Composite Bioelectrodes Based on Lipidic Cubic Phase with Carbon Nanotube Network
Authors: Nazaruk Ewa , Sadowska Kamila , Madrak Karolina , Biernat Jan F. , Rogalski Jerzy , Bilewicz Renata 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGlassy carbon electrodes modified with films composed of a network of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and liquid‐crystalline cubic phase were used for dioxygen reduction catalyzed by laccase. In the presence of pristine SWCNTs, the overpotential of dioxygen reduction was decreased by 0.5 V (E1/2=−0.09 V). Adding laccase to the system shifted the potential of oxygen reduction to +0.52 V vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Carbon nanotubes increased the electrode working area and improved the conductivity of the film. The current density of oxygen reduction was further enhanced by using a common mediator, 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) diammonium salt (ABTS). Two procedures for modifying carbon nanotubes with ABTS were compared: by adsorption and by covalent binding. Covalent binding of ABTS to the nanotubes is advantageous since it completely eliminates leaching of mediator to the solution and leads to a stable biocathode system.
Switchable Electrodes: How Can the System Complexity be Scaled up?
Authors: Pita Marcos , Katz Evgeny 
Published: January 2009

AbstractElectrodes modified with different signal‐responsive materials were designed as switchable electrochemical interfaces controlled by various physical or chemical signals. Electrodes with the electrochemical activity switched ON and OFF by light signals were developed using monolayers or thin films of photoisomerizable compounds. Functionalized magnetic particles associated with the electrode surfaces allowed the switching processes controlled by an external magnetic field. Electrochemical transformations proceeding at modified electrode surfaces upon application of different potentials were able to switch the interfacial resistance between low and high values, thus affecting electrochemical properties of the surfaces. Electrode surfaces functionalized with materials responding to chemical signals allowed the switching processes controlled by chemical or biochemical inputs. Most of the designed switchable electrode interfaces have very limited possibilities for scaling up the complexity of the information processing systems associated with the electrode surfaces. Recent advances in biocomputing and specifically in the design of enzyme‐based logic systems allow their coupling with switchable electrodes resulting in very sophisticated interfaces for processing biochemical information and its transduction into electronic signals. Future applications of the signal‐responsive electrodes integrated with the biocomputing systems in ‘smart’ biochemically controlled biosensors, biofuel cells and chemical actuators could be envisaged.
Global damage indexes for the seismic performance assessement of RC structures
Authors: Scotta Roberto , Tesser Leopoldo , Vitaliani Renato , Saetta Anna 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhen performing the seismic risk assessment of new or existing buildings, the definition of compact indexes able to measure the damaging and safety level of structures is essential, also in view of the economic considerations on buildings rehabilitation. This paper proposes two series of indexes, named, respectively, Global Damage Indexes (GDIs), which are representative of the overall structure performance, and Section Damage Indexes (SDIs), which assess the conditions of reinforced concrete (RC) beam‐column sections. Such indexes are evaluated by means of an efficient numerical model able to perform nonlinear analyses of the RC frame, based on the continuum damage mechanics theory and fiber approach. An improvement of a two‐parameter damage model for concrete, developed by some of the authors, which guarantees a better correlation between the Local Damage Indexes (LDIs) and the material's mechanical characteristics, is also presented. For the reinforcement, a specific LDI, named ‘steel damage index’, which takes into account the plastic strain development and the bar buckling effect, is proposed. The numerical model has been employed to simulate several experimental tests, in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed approach in predicting the RC member's behavior. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses of two RC frames are carried out. The robustness of the method, as well as the effectiveness of the GDIs in assessing the structural conditions, are demonstrated here. Finally, comparisons between the evolution of GDIs and the achievement of the performance levels as proposed in FEMA 356 are reported. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.