bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical note on entrepreneurial activity, intrinsic religiosity and economic growth
Authors: Galbraith Craig S. , Galbraith Devon M. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and test the relationship and interaction between “intrinsic” religiosity, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe paper selects 23 countries that are predominately Christian and examine the connection between country‐wide religious orientation, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth. It specifically examines “intrinsic” religiosity, and defines entrepreneurial activity as either total start‐up entrepreneurial activity or opportunity‐based entrepreneurial activity. It is hypothesized that there is a direct relationship between religious attitudes and both economic growth and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial activity also acting as an intervening variable. The empirical relationship between “intrinsic” religiosity, entrepreneurial activity, and economic growth is then examined.FindingsThe findings suggest that while “intrinsic” religiosity is positively related to economic growth, the key relationship may be between “intrinsic” religiosity and entrepreneurial activity, with entrepreneurial activity then resulting in economic growth.Originality/valueBy examining the diverse literatures of economic development, entrepreneurship, theology, and the psychology of religion, this paper offers a unique analysis of religious attitudes and their impact on entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. Both the conceptual discussion and the empirical results extend previous studies examining cultural approaches to understanding economic growth.
Risk management in oil and gas construction projects in Vietnam
Authors: Van Thuyet Nguyen , Ogunlana Stephen O. , Dey Prasanta Kumar 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to the identify risk factors, which affect oil and gas construction projects in Vietnam and derive risk responses.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire survey was conducted with the involvement of project executives of PetroVietnam and statistical analysis was carried out in order to identify the major project risks. Subsequently, mitigating measures were derived using informal interviews with the various levels of management of PetroVietnam.FindingsBureaucratic government system and long project approval procedures, poor design, incompetence of project team, inadequate tendering practices, and late internal approval processes from the owner were identified as major risks. The executives suggested various strategies to mitigate the identified risks. Reforming the government system, effective partnership with foreign collaborators, training project executives, implementing contractor evaluation using multiple criteria decision‐making technique, and enhancing authorities of project people were suggested as viable approaches.Practical implicationsThe improvement measures as derived in this study would improve chances of project success in the oil and gas industry in Vietnam.Originality/valueThere are several risk management studies on managing projects in developing countries. However, as risk factors vary considerably across industry and countries, the study of risk management for successful projects in the oil and gas industry in Vietnam is unique and has tremendous importance for effective project management.
Discerning a mentor's role
Authors: Matheson Connell Carol 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe central focus of this paper is the mentorship relationship of economist Fritz Machlup and his graduate student Edith Penrose, and specifically how that relationship contributed both to her development as a scholar and to her seminal work,The Theory of the Growth of the Firm.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research on which this paper is based is the sociohistorical biographical approach, based on a close examination of published works and archival materials. Content analysis is used to draw inferences about Fritz Machlup's mentoring content, style, and impact on Penrose's methodology and argumentation as reflected inThe Theory of the Growth of the Firm,and the correspondence exchanged while Penrose was writingThe Theory of the Growth of the Firm.FindingsThe Theory of the Growth of the Firmmirrors Machlup's methodology and methodological framework. The arguments supporting Penrose's theoretic model of the growth of firms were discussed, debated and shaped by the exchange of ideas in the Penrose/Machlup correspondence.Originality/valueWhile Penrose's work has been acknowledged as “breakthrough” in the areas of entrepreneurship and firm growth, there has been little recognition of the role of her mentor in its creation. This study sets out to correct what would appear to be an historical oversight as well as to understand how Machlup practiced mentorship; how he perceived the roles of mentor and mentee; Machlup's contribution to his graduate students, and the extent to which his students incorporated the learning into their own work.
A practical approach to ethical decision‐making
Authors: Maddalena Victor 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a practical approach to ethical decision‐making for executives working in the healthcare setting.Design/methodology/approachA nine step decision‐making algorithm is presented to serve as a guide for identifying and resolving complex ethical problems.FindingsWhile decision‐making frameworks are not new to the management literature, this practical approach outlines a coherent and logical means by which executives can articulate a management problem.Originality/valueIdentifies and evaluates potential solutions for consideration, plans an approach to implementing the desired solution, and evaluates the impact of their decision.
A systemic approach to developing frontline leaders in healthcare
Authors: Block Lory A.M. , Manning Linda J. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this case study is to extend the understanding of leadership development in healthcare by documenting the impact of a systemic approach to developing frontline leaders in a large Canadian healthcare organization.Design/methodology/approachA total of 92 participants working in acute and community settings participated in an eight‐day certificate program that combined classroom instruction, practical skill development, and applied projects. Program content was based on a learning needs assessment conducted with potential participants and their supervisors.FindingsFrontline leaders and their supervisors rated the program positively in terms of its impact on participants' confidence and willingness to lead, awareness of leadership opportunities, communication, problem solving, response to conflict, and the ability to support their teams through change. It was also found, however, that supervisors' ratings were generally lower than those of participants.Practical implicationsSystemic approaches to leadership development offer healthcare the best chance of addressing the current leadership crisis. The challenge is finding innovative ways to demonstrate sustainable benefits in an industry that is struggling to address cost pressures. In the present study, personal and supervisor evaluations were used in conjunction with completion of applied change projects to demonstrate a tangible return on investment.Originality/valueLeadership can be learned and there is no better point of entry for development than those in frontline leadership positions. However, developing future leaders requires the commitment of an entire leadership community. Healthcare organizations that are experiencing leadership gaps must be prepared to make a long term investment if they want to achieve lasting healthcare reforms.
Educating the metamanager: a new breed of leader
Authors: Smith Roger C. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to make a case for the introduction of the liberal arts to management education curricula in addition to the traditional discipline subjects.Design/methodology/approachThe argument is based on the author's personal experience of many years teaching in MBA programs as well as working and consulting in business and commerce. It is also based on the value the author perceived in studying liberal arts subjects during the first year of his PhD in the UK.FindingsThe findings are largely subjective and qualitative but should not be discarded on this count. In common with Robert Pirsig, author of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, the author would ask what is wrong with speculative, intuitive material unsupported by any real scientific study – particularly when speculating on man and behavior?Research limitations/implicationsThe obvious limitation on the argument made is that it is not based on scientific investigation.Practical implicationsThe major implication for any application of the author's argument is that it would be difficult to source teachers with the knowledge, skill and experience to undertake the teaching or training required.Originality/valueWhile the idea of a liberal arts component being part and parcel of management education is not new, it has not been taken up by the modern establishment in any significant way. The books referenced in this article, which espouse the idea, seem to have disappeared into the mists of time and little else is left in the management literature but large tomes on the technical and behavioral disciplines, esoteric academic journal articles and popularist business writing.
Shared leadership: leading through polylogue
Authors: Lee‐Davies Linda , Kakabadse Nada K. , Kakabadse Andrew 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo examine the leadership requirements and challenges that need to be considered for future organizational sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe approach adopted focuses on the pool of talent available and required within the organization and how a philosophy of shared responsibility and commitment can be engendered on behalf of the organization.FindingsA model is provided outlining how multiple conversations, namely a practice of polylogue, can be effectively pursued.Practical implicationsThe benefits of polylogue are outlined in terms of future leader development and staff retention through accommodating a co‐operative working environment.Originality/valuePursuing multiple “fierce conversations”; through polylogue, but in a constructive manner, is positioned to effectively realize competitive advantage.
Your highest‐yielding (under‐capitalized) asset: the ROI of leadership
Authors: Shenkman Michael , Gorbaty Bonnie 
Published: June 2007

PurposeLeaders have a significant impact on a company's return on investment (ROI), although one that is not easily measured by traditional means. The article explains the benefits of developing leaders and explores cost‐efficient ways to wisely shepherd these “hidden assets” who contribute directly to the bottom line, thus capturing the ROI in developing leaders.Design/methodology/approachThis viewpoint article is based on the authors' 40 combined years of experience as executive coaches and leader mentors. The article includes real‐life examples of how leadership development benefits the bottom line.FindingsThe article discusses ways organizations might measure the value of their leaders as related to ROI, explores ways to describe direct contributions to the bottom line that only leaders make, and offers cost‐effective ways to build the “leader bench” and ensure viable succession through mentoring. Leadership development brings companies to a place where ROI measures the company's real value to all its stakeholders.Practical implicationsCompanies must look beyond quarterly results and focus on their leaders' long‐term impact on ROI, then implement programs – such as a professionally guided leadership mentoring process – to develop leaders and ensure that a deep “bench” of leaders is available.Originality/valueThe article's value lies in its exploration of the significance and necessity of leadership development for an audience of top organizational executives, whether they are in a position to initiate or take part in leadership development.
Becoming a chameleon group: making capabilities dynamic in a changing environment
Authors: White Margaret A. , Behr Suzanne M. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThis study provides a model and case example of how mid‐level managers can help realign their workers (develop a chameleon group) when the organization is facing strategic realignment.Design/methodology/approachResearch has shown that downsizing in the wake of industry‐level stress is not generally successful, yet firms continue the practice. However, some firms have been successful by using restructuring and reorientation methods that allow mid‐level managers to implement new directions for their work teams. The objective of this paper is to develop a four‐step process model for mid‐level managers to use. This model and key areas (resources, corporate goals, key stakeholders) are discussed relative to questions that need to be addressed and actions that need to be taken. Then a successful application of the model is presented.FindingsProvides and illustrates a model for developing and sustaining chameleon groups (groups in the organization that can change their focus as needed to meet strategic realignment needs).Research limitations/implicationsThe paper illustrates one example in the telecommunications industry. The model needs to be applied more widely to determine its overall utility.Originality/valueThis paper offers practical help to any firm or mid‐level manager facing the need for reorientation.
Building a winning culture
Authors: Rogers Paul , Meehan Paul 
Published: June 2007

PurposeThe article seeks to show that companies should and can build winning cultures.Design/methodology/approachA total of 365 companies in Europe, Asia and North America were surveyed for links between financial out‐performance and winning culture. Three dozen high performers were analyzed in in‐depth case studies; one from each region that has transformed its culture is presented.FindingsFindings were that building a winning culture – which fewer than 10 per cent of companies succeed in doing, despite broad recognition that culture provides the greatest source of competitive advantage – requires five key steps: setting expectations, aligning leaders, accountability for delivery, organization‐wide consistency and communication/celebration. Winning cultures tend to display six key behaviours: high aspirations, external focus (customers and competitors), attitude of ownership, bias to action, valuing collaboration and striving for the exceptional. These can be measured through the daily performance of the company's front line.Research limitations/implicationsBy definition, out‐performance is rare, but further insights into winning cultures may result when the survey of companies is extended to new regions, such as Latin America.Practical implicationsPractical implications are the winning culture key behaviours, key building steps and performance measurement identified. The article also shows that challenges and even crisis can help, rather than hinder, the transformation of a corporate culture into a winning one.Originality/valueThe article will help focus company leaders on the opportunity and challenges in building a winning culture. It identifies the key behaviours of winning cultures, key steps in building them, and how to measure their progress. It should be of value to all management levels from the chief executive to front‐line staff.
Benchmarking the incidence of strategic management accounting in Slovenia
Authors: Cadez Simon , Guilding Chris 
Published: June 2007

PurposeTo benchmark the degree to which companies in Slovenia, a country that has experienced success in its transition to a market economy, apply strategic management accounting (SMA) techniques.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data collected in Slovenia has been benchmarked to survey data collected in similarly sized Australian companies.FindingsFor the Slovenian sample, while none of the techniques investigated are applied extensively, it has been found that competitor focused SMA techniques are the most popular. A group of SMA techniques that have a costing orientation are applied more extensively in Slovenian companies than in the Australian benchmark sample. It has also been found that some techniques that have a relatively high popularity ranking in one country, rank relatively lowly in the other country.Research limitations/implicationsIn addition to the generally accepted limitations of survey research, it should be noted that there is no definitive listing of SMA techniques and debate concerning this matter can be expected to continue. A further shortcoming is evident in the cross‐country comparison aspect of this study, as a disappointingly small number of Australian financial controllers committed themselves to participating in the study.Practical implicationsIt appears likely that systematic differences between the economies and culture of countries contribute to differential use of SMA. This highlights the importance of management considering economic and commercial context when designing management accounting systems.Originality/valueDespite considerable normative commentary, there is still a paucity of empirical research concerned with SMA. A particularly significant facet of this study concerns its extension of our appreciation of SMA application in a novel international context.
Relationship between 5‐fluorouracil exposure and outcome in patients receiving continuous venous infusion with or without concomitant radiotherapy
Authors: Beneton Maud , Chapet Sophie , Blasco Hélène , Giraudeau Bruno , Boisdron‐Celle Michèle , Deporte‐Fety Régine , Denis Fabrice , Narcisso Bérangère , Calais Gilles , Le Guellec Chantal 
Published: June 2007

What is already known about this subject • Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency is currently evaluated as a means of identifying patients with a risk of toxicity during 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) treatment.• Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a complementary tool already shown to be useful for doses of 1000 mg m−2 day−1.• We carried out the first analysis of the concentration – effect relationships of 5‐FU administered at a dose of 600 mg m−2 day−1 with concomitant radiotherapy. What this study adds • No relationship was found between exposure and toxicity for 5‐FU administered at a dose of 600 mg m−2 day−1 with concomitant radiotherapy.• The use of TDM to improve tolerance to this treatment protocol is not supported by our data.• This study confirms the existence of an exposure – toxicity relationship for a dose of 1000 mg m−2 day−1 and has developed a simplified sampling strategy to make TDM easier to implement with this dose schedule.AimsToxicity and response are correlated with plasma 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) concentration in patients treated with 5‐FU at a dose of 1000 mg m−2 day−1. Head and neck cancer patients are treated with various therapeutic regimens, including chemotherapy with 5‐FU at a dose of 600 mg m−2 day−1 with radiotherapy. We investigated the plasma concentration–effect relationship for this regimen, with the aim of developing recommendations for dose adjustment.MethodsPatients received 5‐FU at doses of 600 or 1000 mg m−2 day−1, as a continuous infusion over 4 or 5 days, with or without radiotherapy for the 600 mg m−2 day−1 regimen. The area under the curve (AUC) for 5‐FU concentration was estimated, based on a single morning blood sample taken each day during treatment. AUC values were compared between patients with and without toxicity. This simplified method for AUC estimation was compared with the standard two‐samples‐per‐day method in an independent group of 50 patients.ResultsForty‐six patients, corresponding to 115 courses, were included in this prospective study. Considerable interindividual variability in estimated AUC was observed for both doses. Grade 3–4 toxicity occurred in 10 and 21% of patients given doses of 600 and 1000 mg m−2 day−1, respectively. Ths study confirmed the relationship between plasma 5‐FU concentration and toxicity previously reported for 1000 mg m−2 day−1, but found no such relationship for the 600 mg m−2 day−1 regimen with concomitant radiotherapy.ConclusionsOur results do not support the use of therapeutic drug monitoring to improve tolerance for the 600 mg m−2 day−1 regimen with concomitant radiotherapy. A simplified method is proposed for 5‐FU monitoring for the 1000 mg m−2 day−1 regimen.
Use of statins and risk of haematological malignancies: a meta‐analysis of six randomized clinical trials and eight observational studies
Authors: Bonovas Stefanos , Filioussi Kalitsa , Tsantes Argirios , Sitaras Nikolaos M. 
Published: June 2007

AimsStatins have been suggested to prevent haematological malignancies. Several epidemiological studies have evaluated this association, while randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on cardiovascular outcomes have provided relevant data as secondary end‐points. Our aim was to examine the strength of this association through a detailed meta‐analysis of the studies published in peer‐reviewed literature.MethodsA comprehensive search for articles published up to December 2006 was performed, reviews of each study were conducted and data abstracted. Prior to meta‐analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model.ResultsFourteen studies (six RCTs, seven case–control and one cohort study) contributed to the analysis. Studies were grouped on the basis of study design, and two separate meta‐analyses were conducted. There was no evidence of an association between statin use and haematological malignancies among either RCTs (RR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.72, 1.16) or the observational studies (RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.53, 1.29). Similarly, we found no evidence of publication bias. However, high heterogeneity was detected among the observational studies.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis findings do not support a potential role of statins in the prevention of haematological malignancies.
Assessing the burden of injury in six European countries
Authors: Reading Richard 
Published: June 2007

.

Polinder S,
Meerding WJ,
Mulder S,
Petridou E,
Van Beeck E, and
. (
2007
)

,
85
,
27
–
34
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Objective  To assess injury‐related mortality, disability and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) in six European countries.Methods  Epidemiological data (hospital discharge registers, emergency department registers, mortality databases) were obtained for Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom (England and Wales). For each country, the burden of injury was estimated in years lost due to premature mortality (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and DALYs (per 1000 persons).Findings  We observed marked differences in the burden of injury between countries. Austria lost the largest number of DALYs (25 per 1000 persons), followed by Denmark, Norway and Ireland (17–20 per 1000 persons). In the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, the total burden due to injuries was relatively low (12 per 1000 persons). The variation between countries was attributable to a high variation in premature mortality (YLL varied from 9 to 17 per 1000 persons) and disability (YLD varied from 2 to 8 per 1000 persons). In all countries, males aged 25–44 years represented one‐third of the total injury burden, mainly due to traffic and intentional injuries. Spinal cord injury and skull–brain injury resulted in the highest burden due to permanent disability.Conclusion  The burden of injury varies considerably among the six participating European countries, but males aged 15–24 years are responsible for a disproportionate share of the assessed burden of injury in all countries. Consistent injury control policy is supported by high‐quality summary measures of population health. There is an urgent need for standardized data on the incidence and functional consequences of injury.