bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does the rise in contraceptive usage predict pregnancy termination among young women in Kenya? an in-depth multilevel analysis
Authors: Chukwudeh Stephen Okechukwu , Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Alawode Oluwatobi Abel , Olawade David , Shongwe Sinegugu , Tiwari Ritika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Young women were less likely to practise consistent contraceptive use and are also known to exhibit risky sexual behaviours, which could lead to unintended pregnancy. Studies have also shown that about half of the Kenyan population is young, an age bracket that predominantly experiences unwanted pregnancy. However, adequate attention has not been given to the relationship between pregnancy termination and contraceptive use among this teeming population in Kenya. Thus, this study examined the association between pregnancy termination history and contraceptive use among women aged 15–24 years old in Kenya.

Methods
A total of 12,166 women aged 15–24 years old from Kenya were drawn using a secondary dataset from the most recent Kenya Demographic Health Surveys conducted in the year 2022. Frequency distribution and multilevel logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the association between contraceptive use and pregnancy termination history among young women aged 15–24 years old with covariates at p < 0.05.

Results
The results showed that the higher percentage of contraceptive users among young women are those aged 15–19 years (50.1%); consequently, a higher percentage of pregnancy termination was also found among women who reported the use of contraceptive methods (6.2%) compared to 2.9% among non-users. The main findings of the study showed that young women who reported using contraceptives were more likely to have a history of pregnancy termination [aOR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.80–1.26] compared to those who were non-users. Also, age, marital status, and parity are significantly associated with the history of pregnancy termination.

Conclusion
Our analyses established an association between history of contraceptive use and termination of pregnancy among young women between 20 and 24 years in Kenya. Place of residence, age, wealth index, level of education, and met needs of children have been identified as risk factors. Intervention to reduce pregnancy termination in Kenya should focus on women aged 20–24 years, those with no formal education, urban residence, and women with met need for children.
Neglected tropical diseases in Yemen: a systematic review of epidemiology and public health challenges
Authors: Alhothily Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Dapari Rahmat , Dom Nazri Che 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Yemen has experienced a dramatic increase in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) amidst ongoing conflict and humanitarian crises. This systematic review aims to consolidate and analyse the available literature on NTDs in Yemen, focusing on aetiology, geographic distribution, and associated risk factors.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five international databases and one national database, resulting in 3,652 identified records. After screening and applying eligibility criteria, 230 articles were included in this review. Data extraction focused on publication year, study design, sample types, diagnostic methods, reported pathogens, and geographic distribution. The aetiology of reported NTDs was categorized into four groups: viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths.

Results
Viral NTDs were the most frequently reported, accounting for 39% of the articles, followed by bacterial (26%), helminthic (21%), and protozoal NTDs (15%). Dengue virus, hepatitis B and C viruses were the most prominent viral pathogens, while bacterial NTDs were primarily caused by Escherichia coli, cholera, and Salmonella. Schistosomiasis and ascariasis were the most reported helminth infections, whereas leishmaniasis and malaria were the leading protozoal NTDs. Geographically, over 69% of the reported studies focused on northern Yemen, with the highest concentrations in Sana’a, Al Hudaydah, and Taiz. The review identified multiple risk factors, including poor sanitation, inadequate water quality, and urbanization, exacerbating NTD prevalence.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the significant burden and regional disparities of NTDs in Yemen, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Prioritizing improvements in sanitation, water quality, and vector control measures, alongside community engagement, is critical. Policymakers must allocate resources effectively to address the root causes of NTDs and strengthen Yemen’s healthcare infrastructure.
Exploring the role of spiritual leadership among nurse colleagues: an associative analysis of its impact on passion and altruism
Authors: Hamzaa Huda Gaber , Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan , Taha Heba Mostafa Ali , Sayed Mervat Amin , Ahmed Asmaa Kamal , Othman Ahmed Abdellah , Wahba Nadia Mohamed Ibrahim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Spiritual leadership emphasizes that nurses encounter situations that require compassion, empathy, and a deep understanding of the human experience. Passion can drive nurses' motivation, engagement, and commitment to patient care. Altruism is a core value in nursing that involves selfless concern for the well-being of others. Spiritual leadership might be an essential organizational resource in enhancing followers’ inspiring vision, compassion for others, and passion for their work.

Aim of the study
To investigate the role of spiritual leadership in the relationship between altruism and passion for work among nurse colleagues.

Subjects & method
A multicenter descriptive, cross-sectional research study was conducted at six Nursing Egyptian faculties affiliated with Alexandria, Port-Said, Fayoum, Damanhur, Assiut, and Sohag Universities, with 391 nurse colleagues.

Data collection tools
Personal and Job-related Data Questionnaire, Spiritual Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ), Passion Scale, and 9- Self-Report Altruism Scale (9- SRA) were utilized to collect data.

Results
The current study verified that nurse colleagues had high levels of perceived spiritual leadership, passion, and altruism (50.9, 47.6, and 40.2, respectively). The results revealed noteworthy positive correlations between spiritual leadership, passion, and altruism (r = 0.644, 0.519, & 0.509). Furthermore, mediation analysis highlighted that spiritual leadership could mediate the effect of altruism on the passion level.

Conclusion
This study delivers valued insights into the crucial role of spiritual leadership in augmenting nurse colleagues’ altruistic tendencies and passion.

Recommendations
Cultivating workplace spirituality on a daily agenda is a key component of management that requires spiritual competencies from nurse leaders. These competencies ultimately enhance passion for work, performance, and altruistic behaviors.
Knowing how, arguing why: nurse anaesthetists’ experiences of nursing when caring for the surgical patient
Authors: Lekens Aina L. Bjerkeli , Drageset Sigrunn , Hansen Britt Sætre 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients undergoing surgery and anaesthesia are in a vulnerable situation, requiring advanced treatment and care. Nurse anaesthetists are specially trained to meet their needs when administering and monitoring anaesthesia, ensuring patient safety and comfort throughout the entire perioperative care. However, there is a growing concern that efficiency requirements might take precedence over humanistic care when having to prioritize. Most people have a limited understanding of the extended role of nurse anaesthetists in maintaining quality and safety in anaesthesia services. This study aimed to explore how nurse anaesthetists describe their practice as being nursing when caring for surgical patients.

Methods
We applied a qualitative inductive design. Twenty nurse anaesthetists working in small or large hospitals in different regions of Norway were recruited. Semi-structured individual interviews were carried out. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. This study was conducted and reported in accordance with the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research Checklist.

Results
We identified three categories and eight subcategories. The category Continuously attending to physical and psychological needs involved reading the patient and responding accordingly and the ethical and moral obligation to maintain patients’ well-being and dignity. The category Providing a concerned presence involved the importance of the nursing process and nurse anaesthetists’ self-confidence in their professional abilities and readiness to act when caring for the surgical patient. The category Aspiring towards excellence involved expectations towards nurse anaesthetists as professionals who display professional courage and undertake professional development through continuous learning.

Conclusion
Nurse anaesthetists experience themselves as being highly qualified to address the needs of surgical patients. Their nursing background and extensive training have prepared them to know how and argue why. Knowledge from this study could be expected to add to the field of describing and understanding nurse anaesthetists’ practice in the perioperative context and support supervision in postgraduate education.
Patient safety culture through the lenses of surgical patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Vikan Magnhild , Haugen Arvid S. , Valeberg Berit T. , Bjørnnes Ann K. , Husby Vigdis K. S. , Deilkås Ellen CT. , Danielsen Stein O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patient engagement and learning from patients’ experiences may increase patient safety and reduce the occurrence of adverse events. Most adverse events are related to surgery, and patient outcomes are positively associated with patient safety culture. This study aimed to explore former surgical patients’ perspectives and experiences of adverse events and patient safety culture during their surgical pathway and identify themes relevant to adverse event causes and quality improvement projects.

Methods
The design of this qualitative study was explorative, utilizing an abductive approach. We purposefully recruited former surgical patients from Norwegian user organizations based on group characteristics sampling. The participants were 57% men and 43% women, aged 35 to 64 years. We conducted 14 individual semi-structured interviews between 18/01/24 and 07/03/24 using Zoom’s video audio software, with an average duration of 65 min. We analyzed the data using Braun and Clarke’s method for reflexive thematic analysis, and generated themes by examining patterns of meaning throughout the dataset.

Results
Data analysis generated three themes concerning the former surgical patients’ perspectives of patient safety culture and adverse events: (1) “Personalized care and predictable pathways increase patients’ sense of safety”; (2) “Surgical patients’ involvement: Aspire to be a resource – Not a threat”; and (3) “Time to cultivate a culture that fosters improvements and reconciliation.”

Conclusions
This study provided insight into patients’ perspectives on adverse events and patient safety culture in the surgical context. The patients underscored the value of predictable plans in caregiving, tailored information, personalized care, and dialogue on equal terms. They considered the demand for efficiency, professional hierarchy, status, prestige, and authority to be barriers to patient engagement and safety. Interventions to improve a culture of openness, psychological safety, and organizational learning in the surgical context could increase the safety of patients and healthcare professionals. Finally, acknowledgment of adverse events, information, and follow-up were essential for patients and next of kin to move on after an adverse event.
Mapping chromatin remodelling in glioblastoma identifies epigenetic regulation of key molecular pathways and novel druggable targets
Authors: Vinel Claire , Boot James , Jin Weiwei , Pomella Nicola , Hadaway Alexandra , Mein Charles , Zabet Nicolae Radu , Marino Silvia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumour in the adult population and its prognosis is dismal. The heterogeneous nature of the tumour, to which epigenetic dysregulation significantly contributes, is among the main therapeutic challenges of the disease.

Results
We have leveraged SYNGN, an experimental pipeline enabling the syngeneic comparison of glioblastoma stem cells and expanded potential stem cell (EPSC)-derived neural stem cells to identify regulatory features driven by chromatin remodelling specifically in glioblastoma stem cells.

Conclusions
We show epigenetic regulation of the expression of genes and related signalling pathways contributing to glioblastoma development. We also identify novel epigenetically regulated druggable target genes on a patient-specific level, including SMOX and GABBR2.
Cardiac magnetic resonance quantified epicardial fat volume is associated with complex coronary artery disease among diabetics
Authors: Khidr Shimaa Sayed , Bakeer Bakeer Mohamed , Helmy Hatem Abdel-Rahman , El-Naggar Heba Mahmoud 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues are two distinct types of visceral fat in close adherence to the heart and were found to be increased among diabetics.

Aim
To investigate the correlation between cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-quantified epicardial (EFV) and pericardial fat (PFV) volumes and the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that included 111 patients having CAD as indicated by coronary angiography and who underwent CMR. Epicardial and pericardial fat volumes were measured along short-axis CMR-derived images. CAD severity and complexity were evaluated using the syntax score (SS). Patients were classified into diabetic and non-diabetic groups based on their HbA1c and were compared regarding clinical, angiographic, and CMR data. Those with high SS were compared against low/intermediate SS. The correlation of measured EFV and PFV with the SS was evaluated, and possible predictors for high-SS were assessed.

Results
Diabetic patients (n = 64, 57.7%) had significantly high syntax scores, and significantly larger absolute and indexed EFV and PFV compared to non-diabetics. Both EFV and PFV showed a significant positive correlation with HbA1c and SS. EFV ≥ 119.55 ml significantly predicted high-SS (AUC = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.76–0.91, sensitivity = 77% and specificity = 82.5%) among the study population. Different cutoff points of EFV significantly predicted high SS among diabetics and non-diabetics with respective reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Age and EFV were consistently predictive of high SS on different multivariable regression models.

Conclusion
Increased epicardial adipose tissue was a significant independent predictor of severe and complex CAD, representing a possible risk marker and potential therapeutic target, particularly among diabetics.
Challenges in the diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in individuals with obesity
Authors: van Dalen Bas M. , Chin Jie Fen , Motiram Praveen A. , Hendrix Anneke , Emans Mireille E. , Brugts Jasper J. , Westenbrink B. Daan , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and its association with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) highlight an urgent need for a diagnostic approach tailored to this population. Diagnosing HFpEF is hampered by the lack of a single non-invasive diagnostic criterion. While this makes a firm diagnosis of HFpEF already notoriously difficult in the general population, it is even more challenging in individuals with obesity. The challenges stem from a range of factors, including the use of body mass index as a conceptually suboptimal indicator of health risks associated with increased body mass, symptom overlap between HFpEF and obesity, limitations in physical examination, difficulties in electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation, and reduced diagnostic sensitivity of natriuretic peptides in individuals with obesity. In this review, we examine these diagnostic challenges and propose a diagnostic algorithm specifically tailored to improve the accuracy and reliability of HFpEF diagnosis in this growing patient demographic.

Graphical abstract

Proposed obesity-adjusted HFpEF score. HFpEF, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Created with BioRender.com.
Ultramodern natural and synthetic polymer hydrogel scaffolds for articular cartilage repair and regeneration
Authors: Li Chun-Sheng , Xu Yan , Li Juan , Qin Shu-Hao , Huang Shao-Wen , Chen Xue-Mei , Luo Yi , Gao Cheng-Tao , Xiao Jian-Hui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Articular cartilage injury is a serious bone disease that can result in disabilities. With the rapid increase in the aging population, this disorder has become an increasingly important public health issue. Recently, stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for treating articular cartilage damage. Cellular scaffolds, which are among three key elements of tissue engineering, play significant roles in the repair of damaged articular cartilage by regulating cellular responses and promoting cartilage tissue regeneration. Biological macromolecules are commonly used as scaffold materials owing to their unique properties. For example, natural and synthetic polymer hydrogel scaffolds can effectively mimic the microenvironment of the natural extracellular matrix; exhibit high cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability; and have attracted increasing attention in bone and cartilage tissue engineering and regeneration medicine. Several types of hydrogel scaffolds have been fabricated to treat articular cartilage abnormalities. This article outlines the recent progress in the field of hydrogel scaffolds manufactured from various biomaterials for repairing damaged articular cartilage, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and proposes directions for their future development.
The effect of depth data and upper limb impairment on lightweight monocular RGB human pose estimation models
Authors: Boudreault-Morales Gloria-Edith , Marquez-Chin Cesar , Liu Xilin , Zariffa José 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and objectives
Markerless vision-based human pose estimation (HPE) is a promising avenue towards scalable data collection in rehabilitation. Deploying this technology will require self-contained systems able to process data efficiently and accurately. The aims of this work are to (1) Determine how depth data affects lightweight monocular red–green–blue (RGB) HPE performance (accuracy and speed), to inform sensor selection and (2) Validate HPE models using data from individuals with physical impairments.

Methods
Two HPE models were investigated: Dite-HRNet and MobileHumanPose (capable of 2D and 3D HPE, respectively). The models were modified to include depth data as an input using three different fusion techniques: an early fusion method, a simple intermediate fusion method (using concatenation), and a complex intermediate fusion method (using specific fusion blocks, additional convolutional layers, and concatenation). All fusion techniques used RGB-D data, in contrast to the original models which only used RGB data. The models were trained, validated and tested using the CMU Panoptic and Human3.6 M data sets as well as a custom data set. The custom data set includes RGB-D and optical motion capture data of 15 uninjured and 12 post-stroke individuals, while they performed movements involving their upper limbs. HPE model performances were monitored through accuracy and computational efficiency. Evaluation metrics include Mean per Joint Position Error (MPJPE), Floating Point Operations (FLOPs) and frame rates (frames per second).

Results
The early fusion architecture consistently delivered the lowest MPJPE in both 2D and 3D HPE cases while achieving similar FLOPs and frame rates to its RGB counterpart. These results were consistent regardless of the data used for training and testing the HPE models. Comparisons between the uninjured and stroke groups did not reveal a significant effect (all p values > 0.36) of motor impairment on the accuracy of any model.

Conclusions
Including depth data using an early fusion architecture improves the accuracy–efficiency trade-off of the HPE model. HPE accuracy is not affected by the presence of physical impairments. These results suggest that using depth data with RGB data is beneficial to HPE, and that models trained with data collected from uninjured individuals can generalize to persons with physical impairments.
Parents’ use of coercive and indulgent feeding practices for children with avid eating behaviour: an Ecological Momentary Assessment study
Authors: Pickard Abigail , Edwards Katie L. , Farrow Claire , Haycraft Emma , Herle Moritz , Llewellyn Clare , Croker Helen , Kininmonth Alice , Blissett Jacqueline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Children with avid eating behaviour display high food responsiveness, high emotional overeating and low sensitivity to fullness; behaviours which may increase the risk of obesity and are challenging for parents to manage. This study explores the situational predictors of coercive or indulgent feeding practices among parents of children with avid eating behaviours using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Methods
The study involved 109 parents of 3-5-year-old children exhibiting avid eating behaviour. Over 10 days, participants completed EMA surveys via a mobile app to report on their mood, stress, feeding goals, and feeding practices during eating occasions. Multilevel modelling was used to assess how parental mood, goals, and the eating context (e.g., meal versus snack, public versus private setting) influenced feeding practices.

Results
Parents were more likely to use specific coercive or indulgent feeding practices when experiencing higher stress, when aiming to avoid mealtime conflict, and during meals versus snacks. A negative meal atmosphere and a public setting also increased the likelihood of certain indulgent practices. Notably, parents were more likely to report giving their child food to calm them down or help manage their behaviour when the meal atmosphere was perceived as negative and if they aimed to reduce conflict at the meal. The findings highlight that the context of feeding occasions significantly drives the use of coercive or indulgent feeding practices.

Conclusions
Parental stress, goals, and the eating context are key determinants of coercive or indulgent feeding practices with children exhibiting avid eating behaviours. Interventions to support parents should consider these dynamic factors, promoting healthier feeding strategies tailored to real-life contexts.