bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint And Muscle Forces During Clenching
Authors: Rues Stefan , Lenz Jürgen , Schindler Hans J. , Schweizerhof Karl 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe masticatory system is highly redundant. Therefore, complete knowledge about the activation patterns of the chewing muscles belonging to a specific resultant bite force can only be gained either by simultaneous force‐ and EMG‐measurement or with the help of optimization strategies. In this study, such EMG and force measurements were carried out with 10 test persons and the results compared to those computed with several objective functions.The results show an increase of the joint forces with an increase of the horizontal component of the resultant bite force. The test persons seem to favor energy minimization as control mechanism. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinematik und Dynamik aus experimentell ermittelten Bewegungen
Authors: Stelzner Günther , Seemann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThema dieser Arbeit ist die Generierung von kinematischen Simulationsmodellen des Menschen aus experimentell ermittelten Motion‐Capture‐Daten. Ausgehend von den Absolutkoordinaten sogenanter Markerpunkte sind die Rekonstruktion der menschlichen Kinematik und die Projektion der menschlichen Bewegungsmuster auf die ermittelten Starrkörpermodelle Kernpunkt dieser Arbeit. Besonderes Augenmerk ist dabei stets auf eine möglichst einfache Kinematik gerichtet, die aber noch die wesentlichen Merkmale der menschlichen Bewegung reproduzieren kann. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An analysis of simplified muscle activation profile parameterization
Authors: Strobach Daniel , Kecskeméthy Andrés 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes a simplified method for rough identification of muscle activation profiles of general motor tasks by means of dynamic optimization. Muscle activation profiles are parameterized with six parameters per muscle, using linear combinations of two smooth C ∞ functions closely related to the GAUSSian distribution function used in stochastics and fuzzy control. The method is applied to a simplified subsystem of the human leg consisting of pelvis, thigh shank and foot, interconnected by planar joints at hip, knee and ankle. The system comprises one antagonistic muscle pair at the knee for knee flexion and extension (vastus intermedius and biceps femoris caput brevis). To simulate the swing phase of gait, rheonomic constraints are imposed on pelvis (translation and rotation), hip (rotation) and ankle (rotation). The optimization results show that, (1) the method is suitable to map typical muscle activation time histories that are recorded via EMG, (2) the method can reduce the number of design parameters and CPU‐time consumption significantly in comparison to other parameterizations and (3) this reduction in CPU‐time consumption additionally coinncides with an improved approximation quality to the target motion. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical Simulation of the Flow in a Micro‐Axial Blood Pump
Authors: Triep Michael , Brücker Christoph , Sieß Thorsten 
Published: December 2006

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the three‐dimensional, turbulent flow in a micro‐axial blood pump were carried out for various working conditions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Response of Kidney Tissue to Dynamical Loading
Authors: Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn shock‐wave lithotripsy – a medical procedure to fragment kidney stones – the patient is subjected to hypersonic waves focused at the kidney stone. Although this procedure is widely applied, the physics behind this medical treatment, in particular the question of how the injuries of the surrounding kidney tissue arise, is still under investigation. Here we contribute to the solution of this problem with large scale numerical simulations of a human kidney under shock‐wave loading.For this purpose we developed a complex constitutive model of the bio‐mechanical kidney system. Assuming a multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient and adopting an internal variable formulation for the inelastic deformation the model is able to handle large deformations, time‐effects, rate‐sensitivity and material damage.By finite element simulations we study the shock‐wave propagation into the kidney tissue and analyze the resulting stress states. Unknown material parameters are adapted and special attention is paid on the bubble expansion within the soft tissue. The numerical simulations predict localized damage in the human kidney within the focal region of the shock waves. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A contribution to the plastic behavior of cellular bone
Authors: Winter Werner 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn a first approximation the inelastic behavior of cellular bone is modelled by an isotropic elastic‐plastic material. Plastic strains can deduced using a yield‐criterion and a plastic potential which depends on invariants of the stress tensor. Irreversible (plastic) volumetric strains occur. The plastic material functions can be determined in an uniaxial experiment with a Laser Extensometer. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Contribution of VCAF‐positive cells to neovascularization and calcification in atherosclerotic plaque development
Authors: Wilkinson FL , Liu Y , Rucka AK , Jeziorska M , Hoyland JA , Heagerty AM , Canfield AE , Alexander MY 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCalcification of the vessel wall is a regulated process with many similarities to osteogenesis. Progenitor cells may play a role in this process. Previously, we identified a novel gene, Vascular Calcification Associated Factor (VCAF), which was shown to be important in pericyte osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study was to determine the localization and expression pattern of VCAF in human cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of seven atherosclerotic arteries confirmed VCAF protein expression within calcified lesions. In addition, individual VCAF‐positive cells were detected within the intima and adventitia in areas where sporadic 3G5‐positive pericytes were localized. Furthermore, VCAF‐positive cells were identified in newly formed microvessels in association with CD34‐positive/CD146‐positive/c‐kit‐positive cells as well as in intact CD31‐positive endothelium in internal mammary arteries. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of VCAF (18 kD) in protein lysates extracted from human smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and osteoblasts. In fracture callus samples from three patients, VCAF was detected in osteoblasts and microvessels. This study demonstrates the presence of VCAF in neovessels and raises the possibility that VCAF could be a new marker for vascular progenitor cells involved in a number of differentiation pathways. These data may have implications for the prevention or treatment of vascular disease. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy: maternal and fetal viral load measurements related to clinical parameters
Authors: de Haan Timo R. , Beersma Matthijs F. C. , Oepkes Dick , de Jong Eveline P. , Kroes Aloys C. M. , Walther Frans J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo correlate quantitative maternal and fetal parvovirus B19 (B19V) viral loads and antibody levels at intrauterine transfusion (IUT) as a predictor of fetal morbidity.MethodsProspectively collected clinical data and quantitative B19V viral load and specific IgM and IgG values in fetal and maternal blood samples taken during IUT.ResultsMaternal IgM and IgG levels exceeded fetal antibody levels. Fetal viral load measurements correlated positively with maternal viral loads and exceeded maternal viral load 105‐fold (p < 0.0001). Maternal B19V IgM and fetal B19V viral load showed a positive correlation (r = 0.840, p = 0.007). No relation was found between fetal viral load and severity of fetal anemia derived from Doppler flow measurements in the middle cerebral artery.ConclusionsMaternal and fetal B19V viral load values are highly interrelated, suggesting continuous maternal and fetal viral replication or a fetal source of maternal viremia. Maternal B19V IgM values may predict the severity of fetal infection, but the severity of B19V induced fetal anemia cannot be predicted using fetal or maternal viral loads. Fetal ultrasound remains the gold standard for identifying fetal anemia in B19V infection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of muscle‐eye‐brain disease
Authors: Balci Burcu , Morris‐Rosendahl Deborah J. , Çelebi Asli , Talim Beril , Topaloǧlu Haluk , Dinçer Pervin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo present a family in which it was possible to perform prenatal diagnosis for the recessively inherited muscle‐eye‐brain disease (MEB) using linkage analysis.MethodsLinkage analysis and direct sequencing of the POMGNT1 gene were carried out in a Turkish MEB family with one affected individual. Fetal DNA was obtained from an ongoing pregnancy by chorionic villus sampling (CVS).ResultsBoth linkage analysis of the POMGNT1/1p32‐p34 region and direct sequencing for the novel familial mutation (R605H) demonstrated that the fetus did not have MEB.ConclusionWe report the first case of prenatal diagnosis in MEB by molecular genetic analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FISH analysis of 15 chromosomes in human day 4 and 5 preimplantation embryos: the added value of extended aneuploidy detection
Authors: Baart E. B. , van den Berg I. , Martini E. , Eussen H. J. , Fauser B. C. J. M. , Opstal D. Van 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveScreening for an increased number of chromosomes may improve the detection of abnormal embryos and thus contribute to the capability of preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) to detect the embryo(s) for transfer in IVF with the best chance for a healthy child. Good‐quality day 4 and 5 embryos were analyzed after cryopreservation for the nine chromosomes mostly recommended for screening (13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y), next to six additional chromosomes which are less well studied in this context (1, 2, 7, 6, 10 and 17).MethodThe copy numbers of 15 chromosomes were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in three consecutive rounds. The proportion of aneuploid and mosaic embryos was determined and compared in retrospect to results in case only the recommended probe set had been analyzed.ResultsA total of 52 embryos from 29 infertile women were analyzed. Screening the embryos for six additional chromosomes increased the proportion of abnormal embryos from 67 to 81% (P = 0.03), owing to an increase in mosaic embryos.ConclusionAll but one of the meiotic aneuploidies found in this study would have been detected by the probe set most frequently used in PGS clinics. However, aneuploid cell lines originating from mitotic errors could be detected for almost all chromosomes, so screening of six additional chromosomes mainly increased the proportion of mosaic embryos. The added value of screening for six additional chromosomes in PGS for clinical practice will remain undetermined as long as the fate of mosaic embryos after transfer is unclear. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there an association between maternal ABO and rhesus blood groups and the first‐trimester serum markers free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A used for the detection of fetal aneuploidy?
Authors: Cowans Nicholas J. , Spencer Kevin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether first‐trimester levels of PAPP‐A and serum free‐β‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β‐hCG) vary with maternal blood group and rhesus status and to assess whether this has implications for first‐trimester screening for chromosomal anomalies.MethodsBlood group and rhesus status information was extracted from birth records for women undergoing first‐trimester screening. The birth records were combined with prenatal screening records by an in‐house developed record linkage software. In 2252 singleton pregnancies of normal obstetric outcome, the median weight‐corrected, ethnicity‐corrected and smoking‐corrected MoM were compared in the various blood groups, using t‐tests after log10 transformation of the marker MoM against the whole study group.ResultsOnly those women with a B rhesus positive blood group had statistically significant higher MoM levels of PAPP‐A (0.995 v 0.937).ConclusionsA larger study is required to establish the validity of this increase in PAPP‐A in the B rhesus positive group. If this can be substantiated, the elevation in PAPP‐A in this group may require correction when screening for chromosomal anomalies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Thirteen years of experience: implications for reproductive counselling in DM1 families
Authors: Martorell Loreto , Cobo Ana Maria , Baiget Montserrat , Naudó Montserrat , Poza Juan José , Parra Juan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the results obtained from prenatal diagnoses in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) performed in our hospitals during the last 13 years.MethodsMolecular analyses were conducted on chorionic villi or cultured amniotic fluid samples obtained for prenatal diagnosis of DM1. CTG expansion was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot techniques.ResultsFrom 154 prenatal diagnoses performed in 13 years, 51% were found to be healthy and 49% affected. Considering the 75 carriers of the mutation, in 65.3% of the cases, the mother was the transmitting parent versus 36.5% of fathers. From these female transmissions, 31/49 foetuses had expansion in the neonatal form range, namely, congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD).ConclusionsIn our series, no significant deviation of the 50% expected frequency of transmission in autosomal dominant disorder was seen. We show that when the disease is transmitted by a male, the mean intergenerational variation is minimal (mean = 56 CTG, SD = 177 CTG). However, this does not occur in the affected mothers, where the mean intergenerational expansion is very high (mean = 948 CTG, SD = 815 CTG) and the difference is statistically significant (t‐Student p < 0.0001).Our data have important implications for the genetic counselling of DM1 families. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester fetal limb biometry in Chinese population
Authors: Chen Min , Lee Chin Peng , Lam Yung Hang , Ou Chun Quan , Tang Mary Hoi Yin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo establish reference ranges for fetal limb biometry obtained by transabdominal ultrasound examination at 12–14 weeks of gestation in Chinese women.MethodsA total of 1489 normal singleton fetuses between 12+0 and 14+6 weeks of gestation were examined transabdominally by two experienced observers. The gestation was ascertained by measurement of fetal crown–rump length (CRL) or biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC). The lengths of the humerus and femur were prospectively worked out.ResultsGestation‐specific reference ranges for limb measurements were calculated. The femur length (FL) (mean ± SD) was 9.15 ± 1.44 mm at 12–12+6 weeks, 11.45 ± 1.35 mm at 13–13+6 weeks, and 13.64 ± 1.60 mm at 14–14+6 weeks; the corresponding humerus length (HL) (mean ± SD) was 9.63 ± 1.44 mm, 12.01 ± 1.41 mm, 14.29 ± 1.48 mm, respectively.ConclusionsThere was a general increase in fetal limb biometry with gestation. Fetal limb length can be an early marker of early growth restriction as well as fetal skeletal dysplasia among women in the local population. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of military and civilian reporting rates for smallpox vaccine adverse events
Authors: McMahon A. W. , Zinderman C. , Ball R. , Gupta G. , Braun M. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIntroductionUS smallpox vaccination (SMA) started most recently in December 2002. Military and civilian personnel report adverse events (AEs) to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a surveillance system that relies on spontaneous reports. Although reported rates of probable myo/pericarditis after SMA in the literature are similar between military personnel and civilian healthcare workers, some civilian AE reporting rates after SMA appeared higher than those in the military.ObjectiveDetermine if SMA‐associated reporting rates are different in civilians than in the military, considering age, sex, seriousness, and expectedness of the AE, as well as self‐reporting.MethodsNumerators were SMA reports in VAERS from 12/12/02 to 3/1/04. Limitations of VAERS include underreporting and lack of diagnostic confirmation. Denominators were number of military and civilian vaccinees.ResultsReporting rates stratified by age and sex of serious and non‐serious AEs were significantly higher in civilian than military personnel ages <55 years (rate ratios 4–27). These rate ratios decreased with increasing age.ConclusionsReporting rates in VAERS differed significantly and substantially in civilians compared to military personnel <55 years of age. Differences in stimulated passive surveillance systems, and AE reporting practices, including the ‘threshold’ for reporting most likely explain these findings. These results suggest that in the case of smallpox vaccine AEs, there may be systematic differences in reporting completeness between the civilian and military sectors, and that passive surveillance data should be interpreted with caution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hospitalisations and emergency department visits due to drug–drug interactions: a literature review
Authors: Becker Matthijs L , Kallewaard Marjon , Caspers Peter WJ , Visser Loes E , Leufkens Hubert GM , Stricker Bruno HCh 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurposeOur objective was to evaluate the incidence of adverse patient outcomes due to drug–drug interactions (D–DIs), the type of drugs involved and the underlying reason. As a proxy for adverse patient outcomes, emergency department (ED) visits, hospital admissions and re‐hospitalisations were assessed.MethodsA literature search in the Medline and Embase database (1990–2006) was performed and references were tracked. An overall cumulative incidence was estimated by dividing the sum of the cases by the sum of the study populations.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were found assessing the relationship between D–DIs and ED‐visits, hospitalisations or re‐hospitalisations. The studies with a large study size showed low incidences and vice versa. D–DIs were held responsible for 0.054% of the ED‐visits, 0.57% of the hospital admissions and 0.12% of the re‐hospitalisations. In the elderly population, D–DIs were held responsible for 4.8% of the admissions. Drugs most often involved were NSAIDs and cardiovascular drugs. The reasons for admissions or ED‐visits, which were most often found were GI‐tract bleeding, hyper‐ or hypotension and cardiac rhythm disturbances.ConclusionThis review provides information on the overall incidence of D–DIs as a cause of adverse patient outcomes, although there is still uncertainty about the impact of D–DIs on adverse patient outcomes. Our results suggest that a limited number of drugs are involved in the majority of cases and that the number of reasons for admission as a consequence of D–DIs seems to be modest. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polysulfone ionomers functionalized with benzoyl(difluoromethylenephosphonic acid) side chains for proton‐conducting fuel‐cell membranes
Authors: Lafitte Benoît , Jannasch Patric 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPolysulfones carrying benzoyl(difluoromethylenephosphonic acid) side chains were prepared and investigated for use as proton‐conducting fuel‐cell membranes. In the first step, polysulfones were lithiated and reacted with methyl iodobenzoates to prepare p‐ and o‐iodobenzoyl polysulfones. Next, the phosphonated polysulfones were prepared via CuBr‐mediated cross‐coupling reactions between the iodinated polymer and [(diethoxyphosphinyl)difluoromethyl]zinc bromide. Finally, dealkylation with bromotrimethylsilane afforded highly acidic CF2PO3H2 derivatives. The replacement of the iodine atoms by CF2PO3Et2 units was almost quantitative in the case of o‐iodobenzoyl polysulfone. Membranes based on ionomers having 0.90 mmol of phosphonic acid units/g of dry polymer took up 6 wt % water when immersed at room temperature, and conductivities up to 5 mS cm−1 at 100 °C were recorded. This level of conductivity was comparable to that reached by a membrane based on a sulfonated polysulfone having 0.86 mmol of sulfonic acid/g of dry polymer. Thermogravimetry revealed that the arylCF2PO3H2 arrangement decomposed at approximately 230 °C via cleavage of the CP bond. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 269–283, 2007.
A novel synthetic peptide vector system for optimal gene delivery to bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Haitao Pan , Qixin Zheng , Xiaodong Guo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA 23‐amino acid, bifunctional, integrin‐targeted synthetic peptide was evaluated for ex vivo gene delivery to rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The peptide (K)16GRGDSPC consists of an amino terminal domain of 16 lysines for electrostatic binding of DNA, and a 7‐amino acid integrin‐binding domain at the carboxyl terminal. PcDNA3‐EGFP plasmids were transfected into BMSCs by (K)16GRGDSPC and the positive cells gave out a bright green fluorescence. High levels of gene delivery of pcDNA3‐TGF‐β1 plasmids were obtained with 2 to 4 µg/ml DNA concentration, with (K)16GRGDSPC at an optimal peptide: DNA w/w ratio of 3:1, with a required exposure time of more than 4 h but shorter than 24 h for BMSC exposure to the peptide/DNA complexes with completely absent serum in the initial stage; with 100 µM chloroquine and at least 8 h exposure for BMSC exposure to chloroquine; with a fusogenic peptide at an optimal (K)16GRGDSPC/DNA/fusogenic peptide w/w ratio of 3:1:5; and with Lipofectamine 2000 at an optimal (K)16GRGDSPC/DNA/Lipofectamine 2000 w/w ratio of 3:1:2 at a constant DNA concentration of 2 µg/ml. Chloroquine, the fusogenic peptide and Lipofectamine 2000 all significantly promoted gene delivery, but chloroquine was more effective than the fusogenic peptide and had obvious synergistic effects with Lipofectamine 2000. Under optimal conditions, TGF‐β1 gene was transfected into BMSCs without observable toxicity, and the stable expression was examined by RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. The stable transgenic cells showed obvious bands. This novel synthetic peptide, providing a new way for the use of polylysine and RGD motif in DNA vector system, is potentially well suited to ex vivo gene delivery to BMSCs for experimental and clinical applications in the field of bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characteristics of MgO nanowires on Ag‐coated substrates
Authors: Kim Hyoun Woo , Shim Seung Hyun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe production of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanowires on Ag‐coated substrates was demonstrated by the thermal evaporation of MgB2 powders. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the product consisted of nanowires with average diameter in the range 80–120 nm. X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution electron microscopy coincidentally indicated that the nanowires were of a single‐crystalline cubic structure of MgO. Photoluminescence measurement with a Gaussian fitting exhibited visible light emission bands centered at 431 and 506 nm. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)