bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time between imaging and surgery is not a risk factor for upstaging of clinical stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Barcelos Rafael R , Sugarbaker Evert , Kennedy Kelvin F , McAllister Miles , Kim Sangmin , Herrera-Zamora Julio , Leo Rachel , Swanson Scott , Ugalde Figueroa Paula 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The timing of preoperative imaging in patients with lung cancer is a debated topic, as there are limited data on cancer progression during the interval between clinical staging by imaging and pathological staging after resection. We quantified disease progression during this interval in patients with early stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to better understand if its length impacts upstaging.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed our institutional database to identify patients who underwent surgery for clinically staged T1N0M0 NSCLC from January 2015 through September 2022. Tumour upstaging between chest computed tomography (CT) and surgery were analysed as a function of time (&lt;30, 30–59, ≥60 days) for different nodule subtypes. We analysed data across 3 timeframes using Pearson’s chi-squared and analysis of variance tests.

RESULTS
During the study period, 622 patients underwent surgery for clinically staged T1N0M0 NSCLC. CT-to-surgery interval was &lt;30 days in 228 (36.7%), 30–59 days in 242 (38.9%) and ≥60 days in 152 (24.4%) with no differences in patient or nodule characteristics observed between these groups. T-stage increased in 346 patients (55.6%) between CT imaging and surgery. Among these patients, 126 (36.4%) had ground-glass nodules, 147 (42.5%) had part-solid nodules and 73 (21.1%) had solid nodules. CT-to-surgery interval length was not associated with upstaging of any nodule subtype (full-cohort, P = 0.903; ground-glass, P = 0.880; part-solid, P = 0.858; solid, P = 0.959).

CONCLUSIONS
This single-centre experience suggests no significant association between tumour upstaging and time from imaging to lung resection in patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC. Further studies are needed to better understand the risk factors for upstaging.
From optimist to sceptical liberalism: reforging European Union foreign policy amid crises
Authors: Nissen Christine , Dreyer Jakob 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Russia's invasion of Ukraine brought both condemnation and vindication to the European Union. EU policies were condemned for being complacent, naive and greedy. However, when European leaders conducted a coordinated response backing Ukraine, the war also vindicated the EU as a liberal project. The crisis has led to a surge in support for the EU, unprecedented cooperation across policy areas and new accession negotiations with the EU's eastern neighbours. To understand this shift, the article argues that crisis has catalysed the EU becoming a sceptical liberal actor. Sceptical liberalism is characterized by a bleak view on the trajectory of the international order, a self-critical understanding of Europe's role in it, and a willingness to intervene, including with military means, to tackle political predicaments. The transition changes EU leaders' previous optimistic liberal approach of pursuing peace and prosperity though mediation and interdependence. Distinguishing between ideals and actions, the article argues that liberal ideals remain intact, but a sceptical outlook implies different actions to pursue those ideals. The article's argument challenges longstanding scholarly debates on ‘normal versus normative power Europe’, which build on an excessively bifurcated assessment of EU foreign policy that fails to capture contemporary dynamics and the dilemmas they cause.
The ‘Inter-AI Period’: how management mathematics can help shape an AI-enabled future
Authors: Sanders Nada R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accepted by: Aris Syntetos
Launched in a post pandemic world primed for technological solutions, Gen AI marked the beginning of a transformational period. Uses, norms, standards and values embedded in artificial intelligence (AI) technology are evolving at a dizzying pace and are in flux. The current period—termed ‘the Inter-AI Period’—presents an opportunity for researchers in management mathematics to shape an AI-enabled future. This window of opportunity will be short, after which mathematical principles and decision processes embedded in AI algorithms will harden. Technological evolution will certainly continue thereafter. But the views, norms, practices and strategies would have been embedded in the technology. It is up to researchers to act now to shape an AI-enabled future—one that harnesses the powers of AI but with guardrails to protect users and humanity. This invited essay is based on research involving interviews of dozens of business leaders and scholars and is intended as a call to action for researchers to grasp the gravity of this period and act now.
The Aesthetic Imperative
Authors: Shusterman Richard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Charles S. Peirce’s writings on aesthetics are quite limited, and he confessed to knowing too little about the field to be very confident in his views about it. While recognizing Peirce’s lack of expertise in aesthetic theory, this chapter will argue that his views on aesthetics not only contributed to the development of pragmatist aesthetics but also are surprisingly pertinent for the contemporary pragmatist projects of somaesthetics and the ethical art of living. The chapter illustrates this contribution and the continuing significance of Peirce’s thought for these contemporary projects by discussing his ideas on firstness, synechism, normative science, practical science, ethics, and self-control, but also through his views on consciousness, reflection, rationality, feeling, and the aesthetic ideal.
Advances in Peirce’s Mathematics
Authors: Zalamea Fernando 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a short survey on advances done on Peirce’s work in the period 1960–2020, which use modern mathematical tools in their outlook. A back and forth between global general (philosophical) concepts and local particular (mathematical) techniques is one of the main strengths of Peirce’s approach. It enabled him to introduce very precise ideas to support his main conjectures in the following four key areas: (1) the pragmaticist maxim, (2) topology and combinatorics, (3) the continuum, and (4) the existential graphs. The chapter explains how using more contemporary technical perspectives helps us to gain a better understanding of Peirce’s work.
Peirce’s Abduction and Its Interpretations
Authors: Niiniluoto Ilkka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Charles S. Peirce argued that, besides deduction and induction, there is a third type of inference that he called “hypothesis,” “presumption,” “retroduction,” and “abduction.” This is reasoning from effects to causes or from surprising observations to explanatory theories. Peirce’s account of this ampliative inference changed in important ways during his career from 1865 to 1914. His conception of abduction became a hot topic in logic, artificial intelligence, and philosophy of science after World War II, and it was interpreted as a logic of discovery (N. R. Hanson), a logic of pursuit (Larry Laudan), a method of confirmation (Howard Smokler), and inference to the best explanation (Gilbert Harman). The chapter will examine the ongoing lively debate about these interpretations, especially the difference between Peircean induction and abduction and the role of abduction in discovery, pursuit, and justification.
Peirce, Perception, and Empiricism
Authors: Wilson Aaron Bruce 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
While his pragmatism subsumes a form of empiricism, Peirce denies that perception is a type of self-intuitive cognition that serves as an incorrigible foundation for knowledge. Rather, on his account, perception is a fallible and interpretive process on which all our knowledge depends nonetheless. All reasoning and inquiry rest on perceptual judgments, so there is no “going behind” those judgments, although semiotic analysis can explain how, or in what sense, we directly perceive the external world (the “doctrine of immediate perception”). This chapter traces the development of Peirce’s theory of perception from 1868 to 1906, paying special attention to the 1903 Harvard Lectures, while explaining how his theory addresses what we perceive, how perception represents the world, and what perception means for science and inquiry. These correspond to metaphysical, semiotic, and normative aspects of his account. Finally, it attempts to reconcile the strong empiricist claims of the 1903 Harvard Lectures with his commitment to a form of nativism about concepts and beliefs in other works.
The relationship between hematologic malignancies on male hypogonadism: a scoping review
Authors: Roth Bradley , Moukhtar Hammad Muhammed A , Sanford Daniel I , Piper Molly , Barham David W , Yafi Faysal A , Jenkins Lawrence C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The associated symptoms of hypogonadism have been reported in patients with various types of cancer. However, the prevalence and significance of hypogonadism among certain hematologic malignancies have not been completely summarized in recent literature.

Objective
In this review we aimed to examine the current literature on hypogonadism in patients with hematologic malignancies, with emphasis on leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods
This review included relevant studies published before July 2023 that were retrieved through a search of PubMed using the keywords “hematologic cancer,” “hematologic malignancy,” blood cancer,” “leukemia,” “lymphoma,” “hypogonadism,” “multiple myeloma,” and “testosterone.”

Results
The search yielded 214 studies, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Commonly reported findings were that patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia as children had laboratory-confirmed hypogonadism as adults. However, the impact of these diseases on hypogonadal symptoms was variable in these studies.
Studies reporting on lymphoma and hypogonadism had mixed results, with some studies finding that the degree of cytotoxic chemotherapy was associated with hypogonadism, while others showed no correlation. Regardless, multiple studies found that hypogonadism secondary to lymphoma treatment and symptoms of hypogonadism had no apparent association.
The most comprehensive assessment of the frequency of hypogonadism in an MM cohort found that 74% of 561 MM patients were classified as hypogonadal compared to 33% of patients in a control population. Testosterone supplementation was found to lower interleukin-6 levels, which could potentially help manage some of the adverse effects of MM, including decreased bone mineral density.

Conclusion
There is a relationship between hematologic malignancies and hypogonadism, which is likely multifactorial. In this review we established that the most plausible factors are related to the secondary effects of gonadotoxic treatments and/or systemic inflammatory responses to the diseases.
Protection of Ndrg2 deficiency on renal ischemia–reperfusion injury via activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy
Authors: Liu Min , Chen Jianwen , Sun Miao , Zhang Lixia , Yu Yao , Mi Weidong , Ma Yulong , Wang Guyan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Renal ischemia–reperfusion (R-I/R) injury is the most prevalent cause of acute kidney injury, with high mortality and poor prognosis. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) in R-I/R injury.

Methods:
We examined the expression of Ndrg2 in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and after R-I/R injury by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. We then detected R-I/R injury in Ndrg2-deficient (Ndrg2
–/–) mice and wild type (Ndrg2
+/+) littermates in vivo, and detected oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-R) injury in HK-2 cells. We further conducted transcriptomic sequencing to investigate the role of Ndrg2 in R-I/R injury and detected levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by dihydroethidium staining, biochemical assays, and western blot. Finally, we measured the levels of mitophagy in Ndrg2
+/+ and Ndrg2
–/– mice after R-I/R injury or HK-2 cells in OGD-R injury.

Results:
Ndrg2 was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules and its expression was significantly decreased 24 h after R-I/R injury. Ndrg2
–/– mice exhibited significantly attenuated R-I/R injury compared to Ndrg2
+/+ mice. Transcriptomics profiling showed that Ndrg2 deficiency induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways, downregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and increased autophagy following R-I/R injury. Further studies revealed that Ndrg2 deficiency reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Notably, Ndrg2 deficiency significantly activated phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. The downregulation of NDRG2 expression significantly increased cell viability after OGD-R injury, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1, decreased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4, and increased the expression of the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Conclusion:

Ndrg2 deficiency might become a therapy target for R-I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
Global and regional trends in the incidence and prevalence of uterine fibroids and attributable risk factors at the national level from 2010 to 2019: A worldwide database study
Authors: Dai Yuxin , Chen Hongda , Yu Jing , Cai Jie , Lu Bin , Dai Min , Zhu Lan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Uterine fibroids (UFs), the most common tumors in women worldwide, may reduce quality of life and daily activities and even lead to adverse fertility and general health events in patients, causing significant societal health and financial burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the global burden through epidemiological trends and examine the potential risk factors for UFs at the national level.

Methods:
Data on the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs), and age-standardized DALY rates for UFs were collected, and the associations with the Human Development Index (HDI) and fertility were evaluated. The age trends in the average annual percent change (AAPC) of the incidence and prevalence rates of UFs were evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis. The associations between lifestyle, metabolic, and socioeconomic factors and the ASIRs of UFs were examined using multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results:
The worldwide incidence and prevalence of UFs have been increasing in the past decade, with AAPCs of 0.27% in the incidence rate and 0.078% in the prevalence rate. During 2010–2019, significant increasing trends in UF ASIR were observed in 52 of 88 countries. The age-specific incidence and prevalence of UFs in most age groups showed increasing trends except for 45–54-year-old women which showed no significant trend. Ecological analysis demonstrated no relationship between the incidence of UFs and the HDI but an inverse association with fertility. The incidence of UFs was positively correlated with alcohol intake, hypertension, overweight, and obesity and negatively correlated with smoking.

Conclusion:
With the increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide, effective targeted prevention and control of relevant risk factors at the national level should be encouraged to reduce the disease burden of UFs.
Intraocular lens calculation using the ESCRS online calculator in pediatric eyes undergoing lens extraction
Authors: Lwowski Christoph , Wenner Yaroslava , Kaiser Klemens Paul , Sapok Eva , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the ESCRS online calculator for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in children undergoing lens extraction and primary IOL implantation.

Setting:
Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Design:
Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Methods:
Eyes that received phacoemulsification and IOL implantation (Acrysof SN60AT) due to congenital or juvenile cataract were included. We compared the mean prediction error (MPE), mean and median absolute prediction error (MAE, MedAE) of formulas provided by the recently introduced online calculator provided by the ESCRS with the SRK/T formula, as well as the number of eyes within ±0.5 diopters (D), ±1.0 D, ±2.0 D of target refraction. Postoperative spherical equivalent was measured by retinoscopy 4 to 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:
60 eyes from 47 patients with a mean age of 6.5 ± 3.2 years met the inclusion criteria. Mean axial length was 22.27 ± 1.19 mm. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −0.25 ± 3.78 D, and mean postoperative SE was 0.69 ± 1.53 D. The MedAE was lowest in the SRK/T formula (0.56 D, ± 1.03) performed significantly better (P = .037) than Hoffer QST and Kane, followed by BUII (0.64 D, ± 0.92), Pearl DGS (0.65 D, ± 0.94), EVO (0.69 D, ± 0.94), Hoffer QST (0.75 D, ± 0.99), and Kane (0.78 D, ± 0.99). All of those were significantly above zero (P < .001). 41 eyes received an intraoperative optic capture (68%). When excluding eyes that did not receive intraoperative optic capture (n = 19; 32%), the MedAE was shown to be lower.

Conclusions:
Using modern IOL calculation formulas provided by the ESCRS calculator provides good refractive predictability and compares for most of the formulas with the results with SRK/T. In addition, the formulas seem to anticipate the postoperative refraction better for eyes that receive a posterior optic capture.
Case series: Fundus autofluorescence abnormalities in a family of ocular albinism carriers
Authors: Gleason Sarah , Bass Sherry J. 
Published: February 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
Carriers of ocular albinism demonstrate signs of retinal mosaicism with unique features on fundus autofluorescence testing, which differentiate this condition from other x-linked retinal disorders in carrier patients. Distinctive findings include a mud-splattered fundus with peripheral hyperpigmented streaks, which correlate with areas of hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence.

PURPOSE
This is the first reported case series of a family that demonstrates diagnostic retinal and fundus autofluorescence abnormalities related to retinal mosaicism in three sisters who were unaware they were carriers of ocular albinism type 1. Multimodal imaging, electrodiagnostic testing, and genetic testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis and differentiate this clinical presentation from other sight-threatening hereditary retinal diseases.

CASE REPORTS
Three sisters, aged 21, 17, and 13 years, were referred to determine the cause of abnormal retinal pigmentation. All presented with normal vision, and anterior segment examination was unremarkable without iris transillumination. They denied family history of ocular disease. Fundus examination of all three sisters revealed a mud-splattered pattern of pigmentation in the posterior pole and radial pigmentary streaks. Fundus autofluorescence showed a pattern of hyperautofluorescence and hypoautofluorescence corresponding to this pigmentary pattern. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography, electro-oculogram, and electroretinogram were normal in all three sisters. Genetic testing of their father, who was unaware of any disorder, tested positive for ocular albinism.

CONCLUSIONS
Ocular albinism carriers have abnormal retinal pigmentation in a characteristic pattern. Fundus autofluorescence shows a correlative pattern that can confirm carrier status of ocular albinism in individuals unaware of their status and rule out other retinal degenerations.
Understanding falls and its prevention among adults with visual impairment through behavior change models
Authors: Sachidanandam Ramya , Narayanan Anuradha 
Published: February 2024

SIGNIFICANCE
This study used behavior change models to understand the perspectives of falls among patients with visual impairment who are at greater risk of falls. Resulting themes on barriers and facilitators led to the identification of a “SMART” intervention strategy that remains to be tested as a fall-reducing behavior.

PURPOSE
This study explored the perspectives of adults with visual impairment on falls and proposed falls prevention strategies using behavior change models.

METHODS
Participants 18 years or older who were diagnosed with low vision or blindness from a tertiary eye hospital in India and had a history of falls in the previous year were recruited. “Reduction of falls” was defined as a behavior, and interview questions were designed to explore awareness, context, and consequences of falls to determine barriers and facilitators that could help reduce falls. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results were linked to the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Behavior Change Wheel, under different levels of a The Socio-Ecological Model. Intervention functions from the Behavior Change Wheel were identified using the APEASE criteria (affordability, practicability, effectiveness/cost-effectiveness, acceptability, safety/side effects, and equity) to finalize behavior change techniques.

RESULTS
Themes on barriers and facilitators at individual, family, and societal levels were identified from 36 semistructured telephone interviews. Key barriers were fear of falling, social stigma and lack of training in using assistive devices, not considering falls as a major concern, environmental hazards, and loss of support from caregivers. Key facilitators were consciously monitoring falls, undergoing orientation and mobility training, getting assistance for outdoor mobility, and self-confidence.

CONCLUSIONS
This study proposed a five-step “SMART” intervention strategy for prevention of falls to be prospectively tested. SMART include Support from caregivers and use of assistive devices, Monitoring of falls, Awareness about falls, Reduction of hazards, and Training for safe mobility.