bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactin as an ingredient in cosmetic industry: Benefits and trends
Authors: Bueno‐Mancebo Jose , Barrena Raquel , Artola Adriana , Gea Teresa , Altmajer‐Vaz Deisi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurfactin is a natural surfactant almost exclusively produced by Bacillus species with excellent physical‐chemical, and biological properties. Among innovative applications, surfactin has been recently used as an ingredient in formulations. The antibacterial and anti‐acne activities, as well as the anti‐wrinkle, moisturizing, and cleansing features, are some of the reasons this lipopeptide is used in cosmetics. Considering the importance of biosurfactants in the world economy and sustainability, their potential properties for cosmetic and dermatological products, and the importance of patents for technological advancement in a circular bioeconomy system, the present study aims to review all patents involving surfactin as an ingredient in cosmetic formulas. This review was conducted through Espacenet, wherein patents containing the terms “cosmetic” and “surfactin” in their titles, abstracts, or claims were examined. Those patents that detailed a specific surfactin dosage within their formulations were selected for analysis. All patents, irrespective of their publication date, from October 1989 to December 2022, were considered. Additionally, a comprehensive search was performed in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, spanning from their inception until the year 2023. This complementary search aimed to enrich the understanding derived from patents, with a specific emphasis on surfactin, encompassing its associated advantages, efficacy, mechanisms of action on the skin, as well as aspects related to sustainability and its merits in cosmetic formulations. From the 105 patents analysed, 75% belong to Japan (54), China (14), and Korea (9). Most of them were submitted by Asian companies such as Showa Denko (15), Kaneka (11) and Kao Corporation (5). The formulations described are mainly emulsions, skincare, cleansing, and haircare, and the surfactin dose does not exceed 5%. Surfactin appears in different types of formulas worldwide and has a high tendency to be used. Surfactin and other biosurfactants are a promising alternative to chemical ingredients in cosmetic formulations, guaranteeing skin health benefits and minimizing the impact on the environment.
Analysis of treatment‐related adverse events and wound complications of surgical resection after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Yihang , Hu Xiaodong , Zhang Ruhu , Wu Nan , Xia Qingqing , Gu Peijie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is becoming an increasingly important part of the management of lung cancer to facilitate surgical resection. This study aimed to summarize the treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) and wound complications of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eligible studies of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC were identified from PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. The endpoints mainly included TRAEs and wound complications. Stata18 software was used for statistical analysis with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Twenty studies including a total of 1072 patients were eligible for this study. Among the patients who received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy, the pooled prevalence of any grade TRAEs was 77% (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.64–0.86]), grade 1–2 TRAEs was 77% (95% CI [0.58–0.89]) and grade ≥3 TRAEs was 26% (95% CI [0.16–0.38]). Surgery‐related complications rate was 22% (95% CI [0.14–0.33]). Among the wound complications, the pooled rate of air leakage was 10% (95% CI [0.04–0.23]), pulmonary/wound infection was 8% (95% CI [0.05–0.13]), bronchopleural fistula was 8% (95% CI [0.02–0.27]), bronchopulmonary haemorrhage was 3% (95% CI [0.01–0.05]), pneumonia was 5% (95% CI [0.02–0.10]), pulmonary embolism was 1% (95% CI [0.01–0.03]), pleural effusion was 7% (95% CI [0.03–0.14]) and chylothorax was 4% (95% CI [0.02–0.09]). Overall, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC results a high incidence of grade 1–2 TRAEs but a low risk of increasing the incidence of ≥3 grade TRAEs and wound complications. These results need to be confirmed by more large‐scale prospective randomized controlled trials and studies.
Effect of inert glass on the physical and mechanical properties of zirconia dental ceramics fabricated by digital light processing
Authors: Zhang Faqiang , Zhang Kesheng , Zuo Yangbo , Jin Xia , Yang Jingzhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZirconia dental ceramics incorporated with inert dental glass (IDG) were fabricated by digital light processing (DLP). The effects of the amount of added IDG on the physical properties and microstructure of sintered samples were investigated. Highly dense zirconia dental ceramic samples with a relative density of 98.9% were obtained by adding different amounts of IDG sintered at 1500°C. With the addition of 1 wt% IDG, the Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and wear resistance increased to 13.03 GPa, 6.33 MPa m1/2, and 0.03 mg/(mm2 min), respectively. However, with the incremental addition of IDG at 3 and 5 wt%, a slight reduction in Vickers hardness, fracture toughness, and wear resistance was observed. The values recorded were 12.68 GPa, 5.90 MPa m1/2, and 0.05 mg/(mm2 min) for the former, and 11.86 GPa, 5.48 MPa m1/2, and 0.06 mg/(mm2 min) for the latter. Scanning electron microscopy observation suggested that 1 wt% IDG incorporated into zirconia dental ceramic samples resulted in an optimal microstructure, with IDG existing at triple junctions of zirconia grains to form a discrete secondary phase. The broken surface revealed transgranular fracture features. This investigation indicates that adding a proper amount of IDG is an effective method to enhance the properties of DLP‐fabricated zirconia dental ceramics.
Expression of immuno‐transcriptome response in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) hindgut following vaccination with feed‐based bivalent vaccine
Authors: Ali Nur Shidaa Mohd , Ngalimat Mohamad Syazwan , Saad Mohd Zamri , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Salleh Annas , Zulperi Zarirah , Md Yasin Ina Salwany 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStreptococcosis and aeromoniasis are the main obstacles to sustainable tilapia production. Vaccination offered an effective method to control microbial infections. Previously, a feed‐based bivalent vaccine (FBBV) containing killed whole organisms of Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila mixed with 10% palm oil was successfully developed, which provided good protection against streptococcosis and aeromoniasis in Oreochromis sp. However, the mechanisms of immunities in vaccinated fish still need clarification. Here, the hindgut transcriptome of vaccinated and control fish was determined, as the gut displays higher affinity towards antigen uptake and nutrient absorption. The efficacy of FBBV to improve fish immunity was evaluated according to the expression of immune‐related genes in the vaccinated fish hindgut throughout the 8‐week experimental period using RT‐qPCR. The vaccinated fish hindgut at week 6 was further subjected to transcriptomic analysis due to the high expression of immune‐related genes and contained killed whole organisms. Results demonstrated the expression of immune‐related genes was in correlation with the presence of killed whole organisms in the vaccinated fish hindgut. Transcriptomic analysis has allowed the prediction of robust immune‐related pathways, including innate and adaptive immunological responses in vaccinated fish hindgut than control fish. Pathways related to the regulation of lipid metabolism and modulation of the immune system were also significantly enriched (p ≤ .05). Overall, results offer a fundamental study on understanding the immunological response in Oreochromis sp. following vaccination with the FBBV pellet and support further application to prevent bacterial diseases in aquaculture.
Regulation of astrocyte metabolism by mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa
Authors: Firth Wyn , Robb Josephine L. , Stewart Daisy , Pye Katherine R. , Bamford Rosemary , Oguro‐Ando Asami , Beall Craig , Ellacott Kate L. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe mitochondrial translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been linked to functions from steroidogenesis to regulation of cellular metabolism and is an attractive therapeutic target for chronic CNS inflammation. Studies in Leydig cells and microglia indicate that TSPO function may vary between cells depending on their specialized roles. Astrocytes are critical for providing trophic and metabolic support in the brain. Recent work has highlighted that TSPO expression increases in astrocytes under inflamed conditions and may drive astrocyte reactivity. Relatively little is known about the role TSPO plays in regulating astrocyte metabolism and whether this protein is involved in immunometabolic processes in these cells. Using TSPO‐deficient (TSPO−/−) mouse primary astrocytes in vitro (MPAs) and a human astrocytoma cell line (U373 cells), we performed extracellular metabolic flux analyses. We found that TSPO deficiency reduced basal cellular respiration and attenuated the bioenergetic response to glucopenia. Fatty acid oxidation was increased, and lactate production was reduced in TSPO−/− MPAs and U373 cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation studies revealed that TSPO forms a complex with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a in U373 and MPAs, presenting a mechanism wherein TSPO may regulate FAO in these cells. Compared to TSPO+/+ cells, in TSPO−/− MPAs we observed attenuated tumor necrosis factor release following 3 h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, which was enhanced at 24 h post‐LPS stimulation. Together these data suggest that while TSPO acts as a regulator of metabolic flexibility, TSPO deficiency does not appear to modulate the metabolic response of MPAs to inflammation, at least in response to the model used in this study.image
Witnessed trauma exposure induces fear in mice through a reduction in endogenous neurosteroid synthesis
Authors: Evans‐Strong Aidan , Walton Najah , Blandino Katrina , Roper Abigail T. C. , Donaldson S. Tiffany , Lewis Mike , Maguire Jamie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurosteroids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Allopregnanolone is reduced in subsets of individuals with PTSD and has been explored as a novel treatment strategy. Both direct trauma exposure and witnessed trauma are risk factors for PTSD; however, the role of neurosteroids in the behavioral outcomes of these unique experiences has not been explored. Here, we investigate whether observational fear is associated with a reduced capacity for endogenous neurosteroidogenesis and the relationship with behavioral outcomes. We demonstrated that mice directly subjected to a threat (foot shocks) and those witnessing the threat have decreased plasma levels of allopregnanolone. The expression of a key enzyme involved in endogenous neurosteroid synthesis, 5α‐reductase type 2, is decreased in the basolateral amygdala, which is a major emotional processing hub implicated in PTSD. We demonstrated that genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of 5α‐reductase type 2 exaggerates the behavioral expression of fear in response to witnessed trauma, whereas oral treatment with an exogenous, synthetic neuroactive steroid gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐A receptor positive allosteric modulator with molecular pharmacology similar to allopregnanolone (SGE‐516 [tool compound]) decreased the behavioral response to observational fear. These data implicate impaired endogenous neurosteroidogenesis in the pathophysiology of threat exposure, both direct and witnessed. Further, these data suggest that treatment with exogenous 5α‐reduced neurosteroids or targeting endogenous neurosteroidogenesis may be beneficial for the treatment of individuals with PTSD, whether resulting from direct or witnessed trauma.
Interprofessional teams with and without nurse practitioners and the level of adherence to best practice guidelines in cardiac surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Audet Li‐Anne , Lavoie‐Tremblay Mélanie , Tchouaket Éric , Kilpatrick Kelley 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the level of adherence to best‐practice guidelines of interprofessional teams with acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) compared to interprofessional teams without ACNPs.DesignA retrospective observational study was conducted in 2023.MethodA retrospective cohort was created including 280 patients who underwent a coronary artery bypass graft and/or a valve repair and hospitalised in a cardiac surgery unit of a university affiliated hospital in Québec (Canada) between 1 January 2019 to 31 January 2020.The level of adherence to best‐practice guidelines was measured from a composite score in percentage. The composite score was created from a newly developed tool including 99 items across six categories (patient information, pharmacotherapy, laboratory tests, post‐operative assessment, patient and interprofessional teams' characteristics). Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were computed to examine the effect of interprofessional teams with ACNPs on the level of adherence to best‐practice guidelines.ResultsMost of the patients of the cohort were male and underwent a coronary artery bypass graft procedure. Patients under the care of interprofessional teams with ACNP were 1.72 times more likely to reach a level of adherence higher than 80% compared to interprofessional teams without ACNPs and were 2.29 times more likely to be within the highest quartile of the scores for the level of adherence to best‐practice guidelines of the cohort.ImpactThis study provides empirical data supporting the benefits of ACNP practice for patients, interprofessional teams and healthcare organisations.Relevance for PracticeOur findings identify the important contributions of interprofessional teams that include ACNPs using a validated instrument, as well as their contribution to the delivery of high quality patient care.Reporting MethodThis study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Effect of silk fibroin microparticles on cellular immunity and liver of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) with and without experimental skin injuries
Authors: Albaladejo‐Riad N. , Espinosa‐Ruiz C. , Esteban M. Ángeles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF) microparticles were administered in the diet of gilthead seabream with or without experimental skin wounds to study the effects on cellular immunity and liver. A commercially available diet was enriched with varying amount of SF: 0, 50 and 100 mg kg−1 (representing the control, SF50 and SF100 diets respectively). The animals were fed for 30 days and half of them were sampled. Similar experimental wounds were then performed on the rest of fish, and they continued to be fed the same diet. At 7 days post‐wounding, samples were taken from the wounded fish. Cellular immunity was studied on head kidney leucocytes (phagocytosis, respiratory and peroxidase content) and liver status (histological study and gene expression) were studied. Our results showed that experimental wounds affect both cellular immunity (by decreasing leucocyte respiratory burst and peroxidase activity) and altered liver histology (by inducing vascularisation and congestion of blood vessels). In addition, it influences the expression of genes that serve as markers of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. The highest dose of SF (SF100) increased the phagocytic capacity of leucocytes the most, as well as the expression of genes related to blood vessel formation in the liver. Furthermore, increased expression of antioxidant genes (cat and gsr) and decreased expression of genes related to reticulum endoplasmic stress (grp94 and grp170) and apoptosis (nos and jnk) were detected in these fish fed with SF100 and wounded. In conclusion, fed fish with SF100 had many beneficial effects as cellular immunostimulant and hepatoprotection in wounded fish. Its use could be of great interest for stress management in farmed fish conditions.
Direct‐acting antivirals in women of reproductive age infected with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Dobrowolska Krystyna , Pawłowska Małgorzata , Zarębska‐Michaluk Dorota , Rzymski Piotr , Janczewska Ewa , Tudrujek‐Zdunek Magdalena , Berak Hanna , Mazur Włodzimierz , Klapaczyński Jakub , Lorenc Beata , Janocha‐Litwin Justyna , Parfieniuk‐Kowerda Anna , Dybowska Dorota , Piekarska Anna , Krygier Rafał , Dobracka Beata , Jaroszewicz Jerzy , Flisiak Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the population of women of reproductive age is important not only for the health of women themselves but also for the health of newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of this goal by analysing the effectiveness of contemporary therapy in a large cohort from everyday clinical practice along with identifying factors reducing therapeutic success. The analysed population consisted of 7861 patients, including 3388 women aged 15–49, treated in 2015–2022 in 26 hepatology centres. Data were collected retrospectively using a nationwide EpiTer‐2 database. Females were significantly less often infected with HCV genotype 3 compared to males (11.2% vs. 15.7%) and less frequently showed comorbidities (40.5% vs. 44.2%) and comedications (37.2% vs. 45.2%). Hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, HIV and HBV coinfections were reported significantly less frequently in women. Regardless of the treatment type, females significantly more often reached sustained virologic response (98.8%) compared to males (96.8%). Regardless of gender, genotype 3 and cirrhosis were independent factors increasing the risk of treatment failure. Women more commonly reported adverse events, but death occurred significantly more frequently in men (0.3% vs. 0.1%), usually related to underlying advanced liver disease. We have demonstrated excellent effectiveness and safety profiles for treating HCV infection in women. This gives hope for the micro‐elimination of HCV infections in women, translating into a reduced risk of severe disease in both women and their children.
Performance of HCV core antigen and PCR testing in a predominantly genotype 3 population
Authors: Naveed Ammara , Khalid Abdullah , Janjua Naveed , Cloherty Gavin A. , Akhter Saeed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHepatitis C core antigen (HCVcAg) is becoming increasingly recognized as an alternative to molecular testing for the confirmation of chronic hepatitis C. However, there are limited data on the performance of this assay in a genotype 3 (GT3) predominant country like Pakistan. We conducted a study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of HCVcAg against the HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular test. HCV antibody‐positive patients requiring confirmatory testing were recruited from August to October 2018 at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center (PKLI&RC), Lahore, Pakistan. Patients with previously known diagnoses or treatment histories were excluded. The Abbott HCV Ag assay was used for HCVcAg testing. Results ≥3.00 fmol/L were considered positive for HCVcAg. The Abbott RealTime HCV assay was used for PCR testing with a lower detection limit of ≥12 IU/mL. We computed the sensitivity, specificity and correlation of HCVcAg against HCV PCR. A total of 394 patients were recruited. The median age of the patients was 42 years. Most participants were females (51.5%, n = 203), 30.7% (n = 121) had HTN, 10.4% DM (n = 41) and 5% had APRI ≥2. The overall sensitivity was 98.0% and the specificity was 98.6%. The lowest detection limit of cAg was an HCV RNA value of 4657 IU/mL. The levels of cAg were highly correlated with those of HCV RNA by Spearman's rank correlation test (r = 0.935, p < .001). HCVcAg represents a suitable alternative with high sensitivity and specificity compared with HCV PCR in the GT3‐predominant population and can be incorporated into algorithms to improve linkage to care.
Prognosis in meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs: Risk factors associated with survival, clinical relapse, and long‐term disability
Authors: Gonçalves Rita , De Decker Steven , Walmsley Gemma , Maddox Thomas W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMeningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) comprises a group of noninfectious inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system of dogs. Previous studies have reported individual risk factors for survival but prognostication for MUO remains challenging.ObjectivesIdentify clinical prognostic variables in dogs with MUO.AnimalsA retrospective study of 447 dogs presented to 2 UK referral hospitals and diagnosed with MUO.MethodsMedical records of dogs diagnosed with MUO were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression was used for the identification of risk factors for survival and Cox proportional hazards analysis for the identification of risk factors for clinical relapse.ResultsEighty‐two percent (366/447) of dogs with presumptive MUO survived to discharge and 63.5% (284/447) were alive at 6 months; 36% of the latter (103/284) had persistent neurological deficits. Breed (pugs; P = .03), epileptic seizures (P < .001), paresis (P < .001), and higher neurodisability scale (NDS) score (P < .001) at presentation were negatively associated with survival to 6 months. Dogs with persistent deficits had higher NDS scores on presentation (P = .001). Median follow‐up time was 11 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1‐24) and 50.6% (160/316) relapsed during treatment (median time to relapse, 7 months; IQR, 2‐15). Incomplete resolution of the clinical signs during the 6 months after diagnosis (P < .001), higher NDS score (P < .001), and longer duration of the clinical signs (P < .001) were associated with relapse.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceKnowledge of risk factors associated with survival, incomplete recovery and clinical relapse in MUO can help guide monitoring and treatment and improve owner communications regarding prognosis for this debilitating disease.
The binding affinity‐dependent inhibition of cell growth and viability by DNA sulfur‐binding domains
Authors: Wang Yuli , Ge Fulin , Liu Jinling , Hu Wenyue , Liu Guang , Deng Zixin , He Xinyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that DNA phosphorothioate (PT) modification serves several purposes in the bacterial host, and some restriction enzymes specifically target PT‐DNA. PT‐dependent restriction enzymes (PDREs) bind PT‐DNA through their DNA sulfur binding domain (SBD) with dissociation constants (KD) of 5 nM~1 μM. Here, we report that SprMcrA, a PDRE, failed to dissociate from PT‐DNA after cleavage due to high binding affinity, resulting in low DNA cleavage efficiency. Expression of SBDs in Escherichia coli cells with PT modification induced a drastic loss of cell viability at 25°C when both DNA strands of a PT site were bound, with one SBD on each DNA strand. However, at this temperature, SBD binding to only one PT DNA strand elicited a severe growth lag rather than lethality. This cell growth inhibition phenotype was alleviated by raising the growth temperature. An in vitro assay mimicking DNA replication and RNA transcription demonstrated that the bound SBD hindered the synthesis of new DNA and RNA when using PT‐DNA as the template. Our findings suggest that DNA modification‐targeting proteins might regulate cellular processes involved in DNA metabolism in addition to being components of restriction‐modification systems and epigenetic readers.