bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating gravitational acceleration via a pendulum experiment: A student-centered approach to measurement uncertainty
Authors: Manop Dhonluck , Tanghengjareon Chaileok , Ayuthaya Worasit P. Na , Raksawong Santi , Khaenamkaew Panya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

To improve the understanding of uncertainty analysis and method comparison by first-year physics students, gravitational acceleration was investigated via a simple pendulum experiment using a hands-on, student-centered approach. By measuring the periods of pendulums of different lengths, the students calculated gravitational acceleration with an error of 1.29–4.27%, factoring in measurement uncertainties from equipment limitations and human reaction time. The study emphasized the importance of increasing measurement repetitions to reduce reaction-time errors and improve accuracy. Manual stopwatch measurements resulted in a gravitational acceleration of 9.65 m/s² (error: 1.39%; s.d.: 0.01 m/s²), while an electronic photogate recorded 9.50 m/s² (error: 2.90%; s.d.: 0.001 m/s²). Despite the photogate’s higher error percentage, its lower s.d. highlights its ability to minimize systematic errors and provide more-consistent measurements across trials. While the stopwatch yielded higher variability due to human reaction time, the photogate demonstrated superior precision in reducing measurement inconsistencies. Although the students had not yet mastered complex uncertainty models, the experiment developed foundational skills essential for future experimental physics. These findings underscore the value of precise measurement techniques and technology in fostering scientific understanding.
Проявления речевого дефекта в процессе восприятия речи и внутреннего проговаривания
Authors: Шевалдова Ольга В. , Вартанов Александр В. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Existing research in the field of speech disorders does not provide a systematic understanding of the relationship between brain bioelectric activity and the nature of speech disorders, characteristics of speech perception and inner speech. This study aims to compare brain activity during the perception and inner speaking of words between a group of non-language impaired subjects and a group of subjects with functional dyslalia. For the first time, an analysis and comparison of evoked potentials (EPs) of the brain in the process of speech perception and inner speaking in individuals with and without rhotacism were carried out. Methods. A total of 36 subjects participated in the EEG study, including 18 subjects suffering from the rhotacism speech impediment. The subjects were presented with auditory stimuli (words) spoken by a speaker with rhotacism and a speaker without sound pronunciation peculiarities. Subsequently, the study participants were asked to mentally repeat the word, maintaining the tone and pronunciation characteristics as in overt speech. Results. During the EEG study, the most significant differences in the EP structure were found in lead C3. Discussion. The differences in EP in the process of speech perception and inner speaking in subjects with and without rhotacism were analyzed. It was shown that for the task on speech perception and inner speaking of speech stimuli, there is a tendency to distinguish between defective and normative pronunciation of words by a group of individuals without speech disorders. No significant differences in EP were observed in subjects with rhotacism under the same conditions. It can be assumed that individuals with rhotacism do not perceive the difference between these pronunciation options.
Модель самопредъявления в межличностных отношениях
Authors: Ахмадеева Елена В. , Дмитриева Людмила Г. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Today’s changing society requires individuals who respond quickly to external challenges and develop their professional and personal skills successfully. Effective development requires personal potential and the ability to make impressions to achieve expected results. This is possible through the correct use of self-presentation strategies. This study developed for the first time a model of self-presentation. Methods. The study included 385 participants, 303 of whom were adults aged 18–22 years and 82 of whom were adults aged 25–36 years. A questionnaire was developed to identify the biographical characteristics of the participants and their views on self-presentation, which revealed implicit ideas about this phenomenon. The study used the following assessment tools: the Level of Reflexivity Assessment Inventory (A. V. Karpov), the Self-Regulation Style of Behavior Questionnaire, SSB-98 (V. I. Morosanova), the Affiliation Motives Assessment Inventory (A. Mekhrabian), the Individual Orientation in Communication Assessment Inventory (S. L. Bratchenko), the Self-Confidence Test (V. G. Romek), the Volitional Qualities Questionnaire M. V. Chumakov), and the Strategies of Self-Presentation Questionnaire (I. P. Shkuratova). Theoretical analysis was performed and the results were summarized on the basis of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results. The relationship between behavioral strategies and individual psychological characteristics was established. A model of self-presentation was developed. The goal of the model is to identify the algorithm for actions of the subject in different stages of self-presentation in order to create a certain impression about himself/herself. The empirical model reflects the self-presentation process, which consists of preparatory-organizational, procedural-operational, procedural-effective, and evaluative-effective (reflective) stages. Each stage presents a combination of components, factors, individual characteristics, self-regulation styles, communication orientations, and behavioral strategies. Discussion. Based on the empirical model that identifies the characteristics required for the self-presentation process and effective methods for self-presentation to create the self-image necessary for recipients, a new approach to the scientific problem of self-presentation is proposed.
Analisis Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Siswa Kelas V SD Nahdlatul Ulama Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Ratnasari Nor Indah , Sukati Sukati , Badriah Laelatul 
Published: February 2025

<p>The problem-based learning model with material on various kinds of businesses and economic activities in Indonesia has students who have not met the KKM, which is 30% so that there are 70% of students who have not been able to meet the KKM with the KKM standard at SD Nahdlatul Ulama is 70, while the thinking skills and problem-solving skills of students in class V are still low because students pay less attention to the teacher during the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to improve problem-based learning in learning activities. Learning with a problem-based learning model will require students to learn how to solve a problem in the real world and acquire the necessary knowledge. PBL can improve critical thinking skills, increase initiative in learning or working, foster internal motivation to learn, and can develop interpersonal relationships in group work. This study aims to determine the analysis of problem-based learning models in social studies subjects of Class V students.</p><p>The research method used is qualitative description. Sample technique used is purposive sampling. The population and research samples were grade V students with a sample of grade V teachers. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, documentation. Data analysis techniques using descriptive qualitative: data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions.</p><p>The results of this study indicate that the analysis of problem-based learning models in social studies subjects of Class V Students of Nadlatul Ulama Elementary School Sleman Yogyakarta is carried out through three stages of analysis, namely the first stage of planning analysis; class V teachers together with the principal and vice curriculum make lesson plans with problem-based learning models, make questions, prepare learning materials, learning models, and learning media in the form of Ball Game media and evaluation questions. Second, the implementation stage; the teacher has carried out or implemented the appropriate problem-based learning steps. Third, the evaluation stage; teachers make written questions in groups and oral questions.</p><p><strong>Keyword: </strong>Problem-Based Learning Model, Social Studies Subject, Class V</p>
Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Retinal Imaging and Urine Dipstick Data: Multimodal Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Bhak Youngmin , Lee Yu Ho , Kim Joonhyung , Lee Kiwon , Lee Daehwan , Jang Eun Chan , Jang Eunjeong , Lee Christopher Seungkyu , Kang Eun Seok , Park Sehee , Han Hyun Wook , Nam Sang Min 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent condition with significant global health implications. Early detection and management are critical to prevent disease progression and complications. Deep learning (DL) models using retinal images have emerged as potential noninvasive screening tools for CKD, though their performance may be limited, especially in identifying individuals with proteinuria and in specific subgroups.

Objective
We aim to evaluate the efficacy of integrating retinal images and urine dipstick data into DL models for enhanced CKD diagnosis.

Methods
The 3 models were developed and validated: eGFR-RIDL (estimated glomerular filtration rate–retinal image deep learning), eGFR-UDLR (logistic regression using urine dipstick data), and eGFR-MMDL (multimodal deep learning combining retinal images and urine dipstick data). All models were trained to predict an eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m², a key indicator of CKD, calculated using the 2009 CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. This study used a multicenter dataset of participants aged 20‐79 years, including a development set (65,082 people) and an external validation set (58,284 people). Wide Residual Networks were used for DL, and saliency maps were used to visualize model attention. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of numerical variables.

Results
eGFR-MMDL outperformed eGFR-RIDL in both the test and external validation sets, with area under the curves of 0.94 versus 0.90 and 0.88 versus 0.77 (P<.001 for both, DeLong test). eGFR-UDLR outperformed eGFR-RIDL and was comparable to eGFR-MMDL, particularly in the external validation. However, in the subgroup analysis, eGFR-MMDL showed improvement across all subgroups, while eGFR-UDLR demonstrated no such gains. This suggested that the enhanced performance of eGFR-MMDL was not due to urine data alone, but rather from the synergistic integration of both retinal images and urine data. The eGFR-MMDL model demonstrated the best performance in individuals younger than 65 years or those with proteinuria. Age and proteinuria were identified as critical factors influencing model performance. Saliency maps indicated that urine data and retinal images provide complementary information, with urine offering insights into retinal abnormalities and retinal images, particularly the arcade vessels, being key for predicting kidney function.

Conclusions
The MMDL model integrating retinal images and urine dipstick data show significant promise for noninvasive CKD screening, outperforming the retinal image–only model. However, routine blood tests are still recommended for individuals aged 65 years and older due to the model’s limited performance in this age group.
Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Components and Precocious Puberty Among School-Aged Children: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhou Xuelian , Zhang Xiaochi , Bai Guannan , Dong Guanping , Li Xinyi , Chen Ruimin , Chen Shaoke , Zheng Rongxiu , Wang Chunlin , Wei Haiyan , Cao Bingyan , Liang Yan , Yao Hui , Su Zhe , Maimaiti Mireguli , Luo Feihong , Li Pin , Zhu Min , Du Hongwei , Yang Yu , Cui Lanwei , Wang Jinling , Yuan Jinna , Liu Zhuang , Wu Wei , Zhao Qi , Fu Junfen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The increasing incidence of precocious puberty is a major health challenge for Chinese children, while related risk factors remain less well explored. Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading environmental hazard in China. Although certain components of PM2.5 have been reported to be endocrine disruptors for sex hormones, population-based evidence is still lacking on the association between PM2.5 exposure and precocious puberty in China.

Objective
Based on a cross-sectional survey covering 30 cities in 2017 to 2019, this study was designed to explore the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its 5 major components with precocious puberty in China and to check the potential modifying effects of family-related and personal factors.

Methods
We included 34,105 children aged 6 to 9 years. We collected the 5-year average concentrations of PM2.5 and its 5 major components (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter, and black carbon) in the area (at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°) where each school was located. We used mixed effect logistic regression to estimate the effect sizes of the total mass of PM2.5 and each of its components on precocious puberty, and we examined the modifying effects of family-related and personal factors using an additional interactive term. A weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model was applied to identify the weights of each component in explaining the effect size of the total mass of PM2.5.

Results
We found that the odds ratio (OR) for precocious puberty per IQR increase in the concentration of total PM2.5 mass was 1.27 (95% CI 0.92-1.75) for the whole population, 2.12 (95% CI 1.27-3.55) for girls, and 0.90 (95% CI 0.62-1.30) for boys. Similarly, the effect sizes of the 5 major components were all substantial for girls but minimal for boys. Results of the WQS analysis showed that organic matter could explain the highest proportion of the effect of PM2.5, with the weight of its contribution being 0.71. Modification effects of family income and dietary habits were only observed in certain population subgroups.

Conclusions
Long-term exposure to total PM2.5 mass was significantly associated with precocious puberty in girls, with organic matter identified as the major effect contributor. The results add evidence on the detrimental effects of PM2.5 on children’s development and growth.
Exploring User Experience and the Therapeutic Relationship of Short-Term Avatar-Based Psychotherapy: Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Jang Byeul , Yuh Chisung , Lee Hyeri , Shin Yu-Bin , Lee Heon-Jeong , Kang Eun Kyoung , Heo Jeongyun , Cho Chul-Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The rapid advancement of telehealth has led to the emergence of avatar-based psychotherapy (ABP), which combines the benefits of anonymity with nonverbal communication. With the adoption of remote mental health services, understanding the efficacy and user experience of ABP has become increasingly important.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the user experience and therapeutic relationship formation in short-term ABP environments, focusing on psychological effects, user satisfaction, and critical factors for implementation.

Methods
This qualitative study involved 18 adult participants (8 women and 10 men). Participants engaged in two short-term ABP sessions (approximately 50 minutes per session) over 2 weeks, using an ABP metaverse system prototype. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with both the participants and therapists before and after the ABP sessions. The interviews were conducted via an online platform, with each interview lasting approximately 30 minutes. The key topics included the sense of intimacy, communication effectiveness of avatar expressions, emotions toward one’s avatar, concentration during sessions, and perceived important aspects of the ABP. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
The analysis revealed 3 main themes with 8 subthemes: (1) reduction of psychological barriers through avatar use (subthemes: anonymity, ease of access, self-objectification, and potential for self-disclosure); (2) importance of the avatar–self-connection in therapeutic relationship formation (subthemes: avatar self-relevance and avatar–self-connection fostering intimacy and trust); and (3) importance of nonverbal communication (subthemes: significance of nonverbal expressions and formation of empathy and trust through nonverbal expressions). Participants reported enhanced comfort and self-disclosure owing to the anonymity provided by avatars, while emphasizing the importance of avatar customization and the role of nonverbal cues in facilitating communication and building rapport.

Conclusions
This pilot study provides valuable insights into the short-term ABP user experience and therapeutic relationship formation. Our findings suggest that ABP has the potential to reduce barriers to therapy through anonymity, ease of access, and potential for self-disclosure, while allowing for meaningful nonverbal communication. The avatar–self-connection emerged as a crucial factor in the effectiveness of ABP, highlighting the importance of avatar customization in enhancing user engagement and therapeutic outcomes. Future research and development in ABP should focus on improving avatar customization options, enhancing the fidelity of nonverbal cues, and investigating the long-term effectiveness of ABP compared with traditional face-to-face therapy.
Adolescencia y madurez suficiente: repercusiones jurídicas desde las neurociencias
Authors: Valente Luis Alberto 
Published: February 2025

La adolescencia es un concepto metajurídico de ricas perspectivas neurocioentificas. Ello es indicativo de la mesura que debiera tener el legislador al regular éstos temas. Es un período relevante para el cerebro. La expresión” madurez suficiente” es en realidad un proceso de maduración biopsicosocial. Esta es una etapa de cambios que exige un dialogo fecundo entre todos los interlocutores válidos del conflicto y ante un cerebro que se está moldeando o reorganizando en un determinado contexto.
Flight-Configuration-Based Analysis of Emissions and Noise Interdependencies
Authors: Thoma Evangelia Maria , Johansson Anders , Lin Xiaoyi , Otero Evelyn 
Published: February 2025

A unique series of flyover tests was conducted during the pandemic to study how variations commonly found in standard approach procedures primarily affect the noise level on the ground. The pandemic created unique conditions as the reduced air traffic provided the opportunity to perform these tests and collect noise measurements that are almost clear from background noise. The tests were performed with two A321neo aircraft one morning in April 2021 at Arlanda Airport, Stockholm. This work takes advantage of this database to develop an understanding of the influence of variations in configuration, speed, and altitude on the environmental impact. Interdependencies between noise, [Formula: see text], and non-[Formula: see text] emissions are closely studied, and the significant findings are presented and discussed. It is shown that, for early configurations, before landing gear deployment, there is a substantial tradeoff between [Formula: see text] and non-[Formula: see text] emissions, and careful consideration of the latter should be taken to avoid areas of critically low idle power. Noise in these configurations is mainly affected by the impact of the aircraft–microphone distance on the measurements. For the configurations that follow, [Formula: see text] emissions become more relevant as the fuel flow increases due to the increase in drag, which also results in an increased noise level that, in these configurations, shows a significant dependency on aircraft speed with an increase of 1 dB for every 10 knots. Based on these findings, some actions are proposed to minimize the impact of each configuration.
Pertumbuhan Tiga Varietas Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuumL.) Terpapar Cekaman Muka Air Tanah Dangkal di Awal Fase Vegetatif
Authors: Siaga Erna , Meihana Mei , Utami Friscka Harifitri , Lumbantoruan Santa Maria 
Published: February 2025

Tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas unggulan tanaman hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan mempunyai potensi untuk terus dikembangkan di Indonesia. Salah satu pengembangan yang perlu dilakukan yaitu kegiatan budidaya cabai di lahan rawa lebak di periode transisi (kekeringan-tergenang). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari respon pertumbuhan tiga varietas cabai merah terhadap kondisi stres muka air tanah dangkal (MATD) pada fase awal vegetatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan 3 (tiga) varietas cabai yang terdiri atas varietas Laris (V1), Laba F1 (V2), dan Laju F1 (V3) pada kondisi stres muka air tanah dangkal (MATD) selama 7 hari dan pemulihan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi MATD memberikan pengaruh berupa peningkatan pada panjang tajuk, panjang akar dan jumlah daun tanaman cabai, dan mengalami penurunan setelah kondisi pemulihan, kecuali pada hasil panjang akar, sedangkan ketiga varietas yang digunakan pada penelitian tidak menunjukkan hasil berbeda nyata. Pada hasil karakter agronomi berupa berat kering tajuk, berat kering akar, dan berat kering total, terjadi peningkatan pada ketiga varietas tanaman cabai, baik pada saat setelah perlakuan MATD maupun setelah pemulihan. Kemampuan adaptasi tertinggi terhadap kondisi muka air tanah dangkal secara berurutan adalah varietas Laju F1, Laba F1 dan Laris. Tanaman cabai merupakan komoditi hortikultura yang terkategori tahan terhadap kondisi stress muka air tanah dangkal pada fase vegetatif sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di lahan rawa lebak pada periode transisi.
Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) Berbasis Pemupukan Organik Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Di Wilayah Perbatasan RI-RDTL
Authors: Dos Santos Erminia Pereira , Tri Martini Desak Ketut , Ke Lele Onesimus , Kiuk Yosni 
Published: February 2025

Upaya peningkatan produktivitas tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan perancangan teknologi pemupukan organik berbasis bahan organik lokal yang mudah diakses oleh petani seperti pemanfaatan pupuk kandang kotoran sapi, kambing dan hijauan seperti kirinyuh dan gamal, sebagai alternatif pemecahan masalah rendahnya produktivitas padi di lahan kering. Aplikasi pupuk organik dengan berbagai dosis pemupukan diharapkan mampu memperbaiki status hara dalam tanah dan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman padi di lahan kering. Pelaksanaan percobaan dilakukan di lahan petani di Ponu, Kecamatan Biboki Anleu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Wilayah ini berada diperbatasan RI-RDTL bagian Oekusi. Percobaan dalam penelitian ini dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari dua perlakuan yaitu jenis pupuk organik dan dosis pupuk organik. Perlakuan tersebut dapat dirinci sebagai berikut: tanpa Pemupukan (P0), Pupuk kotoran sapi (Ps), Pupuk kotoran kambing (Pk) dan pupuk hijauan (Ph) dengan dosis 10 ton/Ha (D1), 20 ton/Ha (D2) dan 30 ton/Ha (D3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan pupuk kandang kotoran kambing dengan dosis 30 ton/ha (PkD3) memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik dibanding kombinasi perlakuan lainnya. Kombinasi perlakuan ini mampu memberikan nilai pengamatan yang terbaik pada beberapa parameter yakni pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan dan jumlah malai per rumpun serta produksi bobot gabah kering panen per petak.

Kata kunci : padi, pupuk organik, produksi padi, lahan kering.