bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflection of Beating Transformation by Routing Point on Vitreous Chamber
Authors: Kim Jeong-Lae , Kang Eun-Young , Lim Yun-Sik , Park Jong-Youel , Hwang Sung-Ho , Kang Jeong-Jin 
Published: April 2024

Moist skin on the wild surface is a roll alteration that transports droplets like a superconductor in a single or multi-layer multi-block module. Coruscating-individualization realization level (CIRL) within the skin used a technique of messaging with a roll realization level function in the stiff swell-repercussion status and mixing with pulse changes. In the swell-repercussion status, the roll messaging function within the skin was calculated as the roll value found as a peel-stick-wall-dot by the superstructure being observed. The roll repercussion function shown in the dermis layer consisted of an alteration signal as a realization level based on the coruscating-individualization level, and was measured using the technical concept of pulse change of the diffusion repercussion function and converted to the value of CIRL by the maximum average. The degree of pulse change was expressed as the degree of water distribution within the skin, and a value was formed according to the realization level of the repercussion function. In Ro-RG-FA-ΦMAX-MIN, the roll far alteration value due to roll peel-stick-wall-dot repercussion was shown as 19.77±4.36 units. In roll convenient alteration value, Ro-RG-CO-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 6.68±1.33. In roll flank alteration value, Ro-RG-RO-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 1.64±0.01 units. In roll vicinage alteration value, Ro-RG-VI-ΦMAX-MIN was found to be 0.42±0.15 units. In the dermis layer, swell repercussion by CIRL is evaluated by the degree of peel-stick-wall-dot diffusion function shown at the roll realization level of porous matter, and the dermis layer shown at the messaging level system is expressed as a differentiated function and can be used. You can. The function of the porous in the dermis layer is a concept that suppresses differential signals in diffusion realizationl systems and could be utilized as a promising key tool to utilize the data from a nanotechnology perspective and for basic applications for analyzing surfaces.
Perhitungan energi keadaan dasar ion Be2+ dan B3+ dengan menggunakan Teori Gangguan dan Metode Variasional
Authors: Tadaga Ramli , Syahputra Dirman , Al Rasyid M. Harun , Ramdani Ridwan 
Published: April 2024

Penentuan sifat-sifat ion Be2+ dan B3+ khususnya yang terkait dengan energi keadaan dasar dapat dipelajari dengan menggunakan berbagai metode, di antaranya Teori Gangguan dan Metode Variasional. Dalam metode ini, energi keadaan dasar elektron dari ion Be2+ dan B3+ dihitung dengan menggunakan fungsi gelombang atom Hidrogen. Proses optimasi dilakukan secara analitik dan komputasi (menggunakan metode Nelder-Mead yang ditulis dalam Fortan). Dengan menggunakan Teori Gangguan, energi keadaan dasar yang diperoleh adalah -367,354 eV untuk ion Be2+ dan -595,249 eV untuk B3+, di mana besar deviasinya adalah 1,147% untuk Be2+ dan 0,726% untuk B3+. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan Metode Variasional, nilai energi dasar untuk ion Be2+ dan B3+ adalah -370,011 eV dan -570,695 eV, di mana nilai ini terpaut masing-masing 0,432% dan 4,821% dari energi eksperimen. Dari hasil ini terlihat bahwa nilai energi keadan dasar yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan Metode Variasional lebih dekat dengan hasil eksperimen dibandingkan dengan Teori Gangguan. Oleh karena itu, Metode Variasional sangat berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam mempelajari sifat-sifat keadaan dasar atomik. Selain itu juga metode Nelder-Mead yang digunakan memiliki kapabilitas yang bagus dalam mengoptimalisasikan persamaan untuk memperoleh nilai parameter dalam menjelaskan energi keadaan dasar dari ion Be2+ dan B3+.
Improved survival time: What can survival cure models tell us about population‐based survival improvements in late‐stage colorectal, ovarian, and testicular cancer?
Authors: Huang Lan , Cronin Kathleen A , Johnson Karen A. , Mariotto Angela B. , Feuer Eric J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to investigate the long‐term impact of treatment advances on the survival of patients with late‐stage ovarian, colorectal (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III, men), and testicular cancers by estimating the increase in the percentage cured from their disease and the change in survival time of uncured patients.METHODSCause‐specific survival data from 1973 to 2000 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Survival cure models were fit and were used to estimate the gain in life expectancy (GLE) attributed to an increase in the fraction of cured patients and to prolonged survival among noncured patients.RESULTSTreatment improvement for ovarian cancer resulted in a total GLE of 2 years, and 80% of that GLE was because of an extension of survival time in uncured patients (from 0.9 years to 2.1 years) rather than an increased cure fraction (from 12% to 14%). In contrast, the cure rate rose from 29% to 47% for colorectal cancer, representing 82% of a 2.8‐year GLE, and from 23% to 81% for testicular cancer, representing 100% of a 24‐year GLE.CONCLUSIONSThe current results suggested that treatment benefits for testicular and colorectal cancer in men with late‐stage disease primarily are the result of increases in cure fraction, whereas survival gains for ovarian cancer occur despite persisting disease. Cure models, in combination with population‐level data, provide insight into how treatment advances are changing survival and ultimately impacting mortality. Survival patterns reflect the underlying biology of response to cancer treatment and suggest promising directions for future research. Cancer 2008. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.
A practical interface for microfluidics and nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Freire Sergio L. S. , Yang Hao , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report a new method for fabricating nanospray ionization tips for MS, formed from glass substrates and the inert polymer, parylene‐C. Using a single photolithography step, the emitters are formed contiguously with microchannels, such that no dead volumes are observed. In addition, because the devices are very thin (∼0.3 mm) and the tips are formed at rectangular corners, the Taylor cone volumes are small, which makes the method attractive for future integration with microfluidic separations. Device performance was demonstrated by evaluating diverse analytes, ranging from synthetic polymers, to peptides, to nucleic acids. For all analytes, performance was similar to that of conventional emitters (pulled‐glass capillaries and the Agilent HPLC Chip™) with the advantage of rapid, batch fabrication of identical devices.
High incidence of distal vaginal atresia in mice lacking Tyro3 RTK subfamily
Authors: Wu Hui , Tang Hongmei , Chen Yongmei , Wang Haikun , Han Daishu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVaginal atresia is a congenital abnormality of the female genitourinary system, and the specific molecular mechanism leading to failure of vaginal development remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that the female mice lacking Tyro3 RTK subfamily (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) exhibit a high incidence of distal vaginal atresia. The ratios of the vaginal atresia in Tyro3 RTKs mutant female mice are as follows: 2.5% for Mer−/− mice, 4.0% for Axl−/−Mer−/−, 3.7% for Mer−/−Tyro3−/−, 16.06% for Tyro−/−Axl−/−Mer−/− mice. We did not find the vaginal atresia in Axl−/−, Tyro3−/−, Axl−/− Tyro−/−, and wild‐type mice. These observations suggest that Tyro3 RTKs play roles collaboratively in vaginal development, and Mer is more critical, Axl and Tyro3 support the function of Mer. The phenotype of mice with the vaginal atresia was characterized in this study. Tyro3 RTKs mutant mouse could be a useful model to study the mechanism of vaginal atresia formation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1775–1782, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective hydrogenation with copper catalysts: IV. Reaction of stearolate, oleate and conjugated esters with deuterium
Authors: Koritala Sambasivarao , Selke E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstractβ‐Eleostearate andtrans,trans‐conjugated diene were reduced with deuterium in the presence of copper chromite. Considerable exchange of hydrogen atoms of the starting material for deuterium atoms was observed. Conjugated double bond systems isomerized (positional and geometric) extensively during hydrogenation. Isomerization and exchange reactions occurred at a faster rate than hydrogen addition reaction. During early stages of the reaction, a large amount of the product formed contained no deuterium. Of the three possible mechanisms of hydrogen addition toβ‐eleostearate (1,2; 1,4 and 1,6), no one mechanism could account for all the products formed. Reduction oftrans‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoate at a higher temperature and pressure (200 C, 500 psi) caused a minimum of exchange and isomerization apparently due to sintering of the catalyst. Monoenes were formed fromtrans,trans‐conjugated diene by both 1,2 and 1,4 addition. Methyl oleate was not reduced, but extensive isomerization occurred. Deuterium was incorporated into isomeric monoenes. Mechanistic schemes are proposed to account for exchange, isomerization and hydrogen addition.
Liver cell transplantation for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Meyburg J. , Hoffmann G. F. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryOver the last 15 years, liver cell transplantation (LCT) has developed from an experimental laboratory technique to a potentially life‐saving therapeutic option. Because of its minimally invasive nature, the method is especially attractive for (small) children. In children with liver‐based inborn errors of metabolism, this transfer of enzyme activity can be regarded as a gene therapy, which can be installed independently and additionally to conservative treatment concepts. To date 14 children with inherited metabolic diseases have undergone LCT in various centres. Although individual results are encouraging, different treatment protocols, difficulties in the objective assessment of function of the transplant, and finally the lack of a controlled study make it difficult to judge the overall significance of LCTin the treatment of metabolic diseases and call forcollaborative clinical research.
Renewal-type limit theorem for the Gauss map and continued fractions
Authors: SINAI YAKOV G. , ULCIGRAI CORINNA 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we prove a renewal-type limit theorem. Given $\alpha \in (0,1)\backslash \mathbb {Q}$ and R>0, let qnR be the first denominator of the convergents of α which exceeds R. The main result in the paper is that the ratio qnR/R has a limiting distribution as R tends to infinity. The existence of the limiting distribution uses mixing of a special flow over the natural extension of the Gauss map.
Algebraic polymorphisms
Authors: SCHMIDT KLAUS , VERSHIK ANATOLY 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we consider a special class of polymorphisms with invariant measure, the algebraic polymorphisms of compact groups. A general polymorphism is—by definition—a many-valued map with invariant measure, and the conjugate operator of a polymorphism is a Markov operator (i.e. a positive operator on L2 of norm 1 which preserves the constants). In the algebraic case a polymorphism is a correspondence in the sense of algebraic geometry, but here we investigate it from a dynamical point of view. The most important examples are the algebraic polymorphisms of a torus, where we introduce a parametrization of the semigroup of toral polymorphisms in terms of rational matrices and describe the spectra of the corresponding Markov operators. A toral polymorphism is an automorphism of $\mathbb {T}^m$ if and only if the associated rational matrix lies in $\mathrm {GL}(m,\mathbb {Z})$. We characterize toral polymorphisms which are factors of toral automorphisms.
An evaluation of the Language and Thought software*
Authors: Ward R. , Lindley P. , Rostron A. , Sewell D. , Cubie R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper describes an evaluation of software developed with the aim of enabling hearing‐impaired children to explore and experience the use and effects of language. The software allows interactive graphics to be discussed and controlled by means of a simple‘natural’ language interface, thereby allowing the user to hold a written conversation with the computer. It is argued that by making written language interactive in this way, prelingually deaf children should be able to use, in the written medium, language learning strategies similar to those normally used by hearing children in the spoken medium.
Conceptual change in science: A research programme*
Authors: Driver R. , Scanlon E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Studies undertaken in the UK and elsewhere have shown that secondary school pupils have difficulties in understanding certain theories in the physical sciences and, moreover, that certain conceptual problems in these areas may even persist among science students in higher education.The aims of this research project are to understand this process of conceptual change better, and to devise and test ways in which such a change can be promoted in classroom teaching programmes. Particular attention will be paid to the role that computer software tools can play in promoting such a change.The effectiveness of these software tools will be investigated in small‐scale studies and in the context of classroom teaching. The findings will be made available to science teachers, teacher trainers and to those involved in educational software development.
Recent trends in the prevalence and secondary prevention of Down's syndrome
Authors: Stone David H. , Rosenberg Kathryn , Womersley John 
Published: April 2008

SummaryExamination of data from the Glasgow Registry of Congenital Anomalies indicated that 184 infants with Down's syndrome were born (live or still) to mothers residing in the Greater Glasgow Health Board area between 1974 and 1986 inclusive. This represents a period prevalence of 1.1 per 1000 total births. Despite a strongly positive correlation between prevalence and maternal age, most of the Down's syndrome infants were born to mothers aged under 35 years. There was no evidence either of a recent decline in the annual prevalence rate or of a changing pattern of risk in relation to maternal age. Antenatal diagnosis resulted in the termination of less than a tenth of all Down's syndrome pregnancies. These findings point to a need for further aetiological research, for continued epidemiological monitoring, for an improvement in the relatively low uptake of amniocentesis by older mothers, and for the development of a screening test which can be offered to the entire pregnant population.
Influence of branched‐chain amino acid infusion on arterial concentrations and brain exchange of amino acids in patients with hepatic cirrhosis
Authors: Sato Yuzo , Eriksson Siw , Hagenfeldt Lars , Wahren John 
Published: April 2008

Summary.

The influence of branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) infusion on arterial concentrations and brain exchange of amino acids was studied in seven patients with hepatic cirrhosis and in six healthy control subjects. Arterial levels and arterial‐jugular venous (A‐JV) concentration differences for amino acids, glucose, ketone bodies and lactate were measured in the basal state and during a constant rate, 150 min intravenous infusion of a BCAA solution (250 fmiol/min, 70% L‐leucine, 20% L‐valine and 10% L‐isoleucine).
In the basal state the arterial whole blood concentrations of tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine were 40–130 % higher in the cirrhotic patients compared to the controls, while the levels of the BCAA were 20–35 % lower. The patients' concentration of aspartic acid was 70% below the corresponding control value.
During BCAA infusion the arterial leucine concentration rose 4–5 fold while valine increased 60–95% and isoleucine rose 45–50%. The arterial levels of several amino acids decreased progressively in a similar manner in patients and controls. At the end of the 150 min infusion period methionine had decreased 35% (P<001), tyrosine 25% (P<0–001) and phenylalanine 35% (P<0–001) in the patient group.
Positive A‐JV differences in amino acid concentration–indicating net brain uptake–were seen for leucine, isoleucine, valine, serine, tyrosine and lysine in both groups in the basal state. The patients had a greater A‐JV difference than the controls for tyrosine (P<0–05) while the uptake of the other amino acids, including the BCAA, was similar in the two groups. The fractional uptake of leucine and valine was significantly increased in the patients.
During BCAA infusion the A‐JV difference for leucine increased 2–3 fold in both patients and controls and the net uptake to the brain of tyrosine and phenylalanine was abolished in the patient group.
It is concluded that (a) patients with hepatic cirrhosis show a decreased whole blood concentration of aspartate indicating a reduced intracellular concentration of this amino acid, (b) brain uptake of tyrosine and fractional uptake of leucine and valine is augmented in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, demonstrating abnormal brain amino acid uptake in this disorder, and (c) BCAA infusion effectively lowers the arterial concentrations for tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine in cirrhotic patients as well as in healthy controls and blocks the abnormal brain uptake of tyrosine. These findings provide a biochemical background to the suggested beneficial effect of BCAA infusion in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and portal systemic encephalopathy.
Vibration sense and sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in patients with occlusive arterial disease
Authors: Bjerre‐Jepsen K. , Henriksen O. , Parm M. , Agerskov K. , Tønnesen K. H. 
Published: April 2008

Summary. The function of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibres was studied in 18 patients with occlusive arterial disease of the legs and somatic neuropathy, as evidenced as an increased vibration perception threshold. Nine patients suffered from long‐term diabetes mellitus. Sympathetic vasoconstrictor function was studied by the capability of the local sympathetic venoarteriolar reflex (Henriksen 1977) elicited by lowering the leg to induce an arteriolar constriction in subcutaneous tissue at the ankle level. Blood flow was measured by the local isotope washout technique. In only five patients with loss of vibration sense, abnormal vasoconstrictor function was found. In three of these patients, the abnormal response most likely could be ascribed to impaired function of the vascular smooth muscle cells.Neither in diabetics nor in non‐diabetics could an abnormal vibration sense be taken as evidence for loss of sympathetic vasoconstrictor function. It is suggested that this is studied by a simple postural test as used in the present study.
The effects of naloxone on circulating metabolites, glycoregulatory hormones and gut peptides during pelvic surgery
Authors: Hall G. M. , Adrian T. E. , Bloom S. R. , Mashiter K. 
Published: April 2008

Summary. The role of endogenous opioid peptides in mediating the endocrine and metabolic response to pelvic surgery was investigated. Fourteen patients were studied; seven were infused with the specific opioid antagonist, naloxone, at a rate of 20 μg kg‐1 (body weight) hr‐1, while the remainder acted as a control group.Naloxone exacerbated the glycaemic response to surgery but had no statistically significant effect on changes in the glycoregulatory hormones, pancreatic glucagon, insulin, cortisol and growth hormone. However, there was a wide individual variation in the glucagon response to naloxone with marked stimulation in some patients. Naloxone infusion increased plasma pancreatic polypeptide secretion during the 1st hour of surgery and reversed the decline in plasma motilin concentrations, but had no effect on circulating somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin, enteroglucagon and neurotensin values. We conclude that endogenous opioid peptides have only a limited role in modulating the endocrine and metabolic response to surgery.
Walking capacity of patients with intermittent claudication during chronic antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol and methyldopa
Authors: Lepäntalo Mauri , von Knorring Johan 
Published: April 2008

Summary. In a placebo‐controlled double‐blind crossover trial, the effect of a 3‐week course of treatment with metoprolol (100–200 mg daily) and methyldopa (500–1000 mg daily) on walking capacity on a treadmill with increasing work load was studied in 14 hypertensive patients with intermittent claudication.The walking capacity was not affected by the antihypertensive treatment.
The effectiveness of local injections of vasodilating agents to produce vasodilation in subcutaneous tissue in rabbits
Authors: Duncan H. J. , Faris I. B. , DeYoung N. J. 
Published: April 2008

Summary. . The isotope washout method has been widely used to study characteristics of the microcirculation in localized vascular beds. Some of these studies have used local injections of vasodilating agents to maximally dilate the vascular bed. This study was undertaken to determine the agent most effective in producing this critical vasodilation.A rabbit model was constructed that allowed the study of the subcutaneous blood flow by either 133Xe and 131I‐antipyrine washout. Dose‐response curves were constructed for five agents. The agents used and the doses that produced the maximum washout rate, were histamine (100 μg), verapamil (0–5 mg), prostaglandin El (6 μg), papaverine (5 mg) and nitroprusside (60 μg.) The five agents at these doses were compared with each other, and nitroprusside produced a greater washout rate than papaverine (P<0005), histamine (P<0–001) and verapamil (P<0–005). There was no difference between nitroprusside and prostaglandin El (P>0–01) The effect of three of the agents in producing tissue oedema was examined by comparing the washout rates values obtained with the two isotopes. Both nitroprusside and papaverine produced large oedema whereas histamine resulted in little oedema formation.Nitroprusside, therefore, appears to be the most suitable vasodilating agent for use in studies which require maximum vasodilation of localized vascular beds.