bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Catheter Size on Urodynamic Measurements in Men Undergoing Elective Prostatectomy
Authors: NEAL D. E. , RAO C. V. S. , STYLES ROSEMARY A. , NG T. , RAMSDEN P. D. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Thirty men undergoing prostatectomy for symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction and low measured maximum flow rates (20 before and 10 after operation) were studied by means of urodynamic investigation. Paired studies were performed on each patient using a large catheter assembly (4 and 10 F) and a small catheter assembly (epidural line, outside diameter 1.1 mm). The order in which the studies were performed was varied randomly.Detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate was significantly greater in the large catheter study (73 ±30 cm H2O) than in the small catheter study (65 ±27 cm H2O; P < 0.003). The maximum flow rate was significantly smaller in the large catheter study (8.9 ± 9.5 ml/s) than in the small catheter study (12±7 ml/s; P<0.001).The increase in detrusor pressure at maximum flow that was noted during the large catheter study was confirmed in the 20 men who were studied before prostatectomy (mean increase 11 ± 11 cm H2O; P<0.001) but no difference was found between the two methods in the 10 men studied after prostatectomy (50 ± 19 cm H2O and 49± 15 cm H2O).Using a large catheter assembly to perform urodynamic investigations has the advantage that repeated studies can be performed without recatheterisation, but it has the disadvantage of producing a small increase in detrusor pressure at maximum flow in men with symptoms of bladder outflow obstruction. Few errors in diagnosis should result, however, if laboratories using such catheters are aware of this effect and establish their own limit of normal for voiding pressures.
Internal Iliac Artery Embolisation for the Control of Severe Bladder and Prostate Haemorrhage
Authors: APPLETON D. S. , SIBLEY G. N. A. , DOYLE P. T. 
Published: December 2008

Summary— Embolisation of the internal iliac artery was performed under local anaesthesia in eight patients with severe bladder haemorrhage and in two with severe bleeding from the prostatic bed after prostatectomy.Good and effective control of the bleeding was achieved in six of the patients with bladder haemorrhage, with a partial response in the other two. Both patients with post‐prostatectomy bleeding responded well to embolisation, with prompt cessation of the bleeding.This technique is recommended for the control of severe bleeding from the bladder or prostate in the seriously ill patient.
‘Prostate‐related symptoms’ in Canadian men 50 years of age or older: prevalence and relationships among symptoms
Authors: NORMAN R. W. , NICKEL J. C. , FISH D. , PICKETT S. N. 
Published: December 2008

Objectives To determine the prevalence of symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Canadian men, and to establish whether the traditional separation of these symptoms into obstructive and irritative categories is valid.Subjects and methods A probability sample of 508 Canadian men 50 years of age or older was surveyed by telephone. The survey questions and scoring system used were devised to allow estimation of symptom prevalence and were based on the frequency and severity of the symptoms. Using the data from respondents who had moderate to severe symptoms, a cluster analysis was utilized to analyse relationships among symptoms.Result The most prevalent symptoms were nocturia (62%), weak stream (61%) and urinary frequency (46%). Urgency was reported by 18%, a sense of incomplete bladder emtying by 23% intermittency by 18% and hesitancy by 13%. Using predefined cutoff scores. 23% of the respondents experienced moderate to severe symptoms associated with BPH; the prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms increased with age. The clusters were grouped on the basis of the symptoms driving them, with oen cluster designated as ‘moderates’, two clusters designated as ‘irritatives’ and two designated as ‘obstructives’. The moderates cluster was driven by respondents who had lower symptom scores evenly distributed across all symptoms. The irritatives and obstructives clusters were driven by respondents with higher scores for symptoms considered by convention to be irritative or symptoms considered by convention to be irritative or obstructive in nature and, thus, were designated accordingaly, Not all symptoms were discriminatory for irritative and obstructive symptom domains.Conclusions A large percentage of Canadian men 50 years of age or older experience symptoms commonly associated with BPH, The theoretical concept of irritative and obstructive symptom domains was supported partially by the cluster analysis. A clear typology of men with BPH symptoms could prove useful if treatments were found to be more effective for certain types of BPH symptoms. Thus these observations warrant further investigastion into the differential effects of management approaches for BPH symptoms according to symptom clusters.
The Bristol prostate cancer pilot screening study — a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: BREWSTER S. F. , KEMPLE T. , MacIVER A.G. , ASTLEY J.P. , GINGELL J.C. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To undertake a follow‐up study of 472 men who were screened 3 years previously, in genral practice, forprostate cancer, and to investigate the efficacy and patient acceptability of a 3‐year screening interval.Subjects and methods Eligible men (n=472) were sent postal invitations to attend their Health Centre in North Bristol. Serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) was the initial screening test. Men with PSA >4 ng/ml (Hybritech) were referred to the Department of Urology for digital rectal examintation and trasectal ultrasound ± biopsy.Results A total of 132 (28%) men were excluded because of intercurrent illness, death and migration. Two hundred of 340 (59%) men were re‐screened. Thirty seven men had an elevated PSA and were referred as above. Seventeen men had prostatic biopsies, resulting in the diagnosis of six carcinamas; five were localized to the prostate and one was metastatic. In the latter patient, the PSA had risen from 2 to 120 ng/ml over 3 years.Conclusion Serum PSA alone can be used as an acceptable repeat screening test to detect prostate cancer in genral practice, but 3‐year repeat screening will not always protect the individual against the interval development of metastatic disease.
Deaths and complications following prostatectomy in 1400 men in the Northern Region of England
Authors: THORPE A. C. , CLEARLY R. , COLES J. , VERNON S. , REYNOLDS J. , NEAL D.E. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To determine the degree of variation in mortality and major mornidity following trasurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and to assess intersite variation for mortality and morbidity over 12 sites within the Northern Region. Further, to determine whether the previously observed effects on morbidity of unit size, patient through‐put and emergency admission were borne out in contemporary urological practice in the Northern Region.Patients and methods For an 8 month period, 1 April 1991‐31 Novemebr 1991, an independent audit of TUROP was performed on 12 different hospital sites throughout the Northern Region. a constant data set was designed which was collected on each patient before and 3 months after operation by two independent clinical co‐ordinators who travelled to each of the sites. All case notes were reviewes at 3 months after operation by two independent clinical co‐ordinators who travelled to each of the sites. All case notes were reviewes at 3 months after operation by the co‐ordinators using a standard proforma, rather than depending upon self reporting by medical staff. Fata on factors potentially affecting mortality and morbidity were collected, including emergency admission, diagnosis of prostate cancer, American Society of Anesthesiologists co‐morbidity scores, and age and differences in though‐put in the 12 sites. The effect of through‐put or ‘volume’ on mortality and morbidity was assessed by comparing morbidity and the number of cases performed.Results The early mean death rate was 13 of 1396 patients (0.9%) with an inter‐site variation ranging from 0% to 3.8%. a mean of 2.0% of men were returned to theatre after TURP, 2.4% of parients received a blood transfusion (>2 units) after operation, and 8.0% of patients developed post‐operative sepsis; these complications varied sixfold, sevenfold and 17 fold across the different sites respectively. Those units performing ≤ 100 operations over the audit period (equivalent to<150 operation per year) had a significantly increased rate of deaths and complications which was not related to population differences. though some low volume units had good results. Elderly men who were particularly vulnerable to comlications.Conclusions The overall early mortality rate after TURP for benign prostatic hyperpalsia across the Region compares well with other reported large series. The significant variantion in morbidity rates found in this study suggests that careful attention needs to be paid by Urologists, Purchasers and Providers to morbidity rates after prostatectomy.
Update evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia: when should we offer prostatectomy?
Authors: CETINEL B. , TURAN T. , TALAT Z. , YALÇIN V. , ALICI B. , SOLOK V. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To investigate correlations between traditional and urodynamic critera in the evaluation of prostatism and to try to establish an update evaluation of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with the aim of preventing unnecessary prostatectomies.The series constituted 96 patients aged 43–86 years (mean 63.41±9.25) with prostatism and BPH. All were assessed by symptom analysis, digital rectal examination, residual urine determinations, uroflowmetry and further multichannel urodynamic testing (medium fill cystometry pressure flow study).Results Residual urine determination was not a reliable criterion for selection of patients for surgery. A striking statistically significantly correlation was eveident when symptomatology and the results from multichannel urodynamic study were compared. No correlation was found between irritative symptoms and detrusor instablity.Conslucion A significant proportion (23%) of the whole patient population was classified as a urodynamically unobstructed group to which we think prostatectomy should not be offered. We recommend that a pressure flow study is performed in all patients with BPH with dominant irritative symptoms to identify those who are unobstructed.
Pharmacological characterization of α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes in the human prostate: functional and binding studies
Authors: MURAMATSU I. , OSHITA M. , OHMURS T. , KIGOSHI S. , AKINO H. , GOBARA M. , OLADA K. 
Published: December 2008

ObjectiveTo characterize the α1,‐adrenoceptor subtypes of the human benignly enlarged prostate using functional and binding studies.Material and methodsStrips of prostatic tissue taken from nine patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy who were undergoing open prostatectomy were used in the styudy.ResultsThe strips isolated from five prostates produced a large contraction in response to noradrenaline and phenylphrine but not to clonidine. The contractile response induced by noradrenaline was competitively antagonized by representative α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists (prazosin, WB4101, 5‐methylurapidil and HV723), the dissociation constants (pKb) being <.5. Pre‐treatment with chloroethyclonidine was without effect on the contractile response to noradrenaline. In saturation experiments with five prostates. [3H]‐prazosin bound to the prostate membranes with two distinct affinities (pKd‐9.95±0.07 and 8.71±0.04, Bmax=151±8 and 138±3 fmol/mg protein, respectively). Unlabelled prazosin and WB4101 biphasically displaced the binding of 200 pM [3H]‐prazosin; the resulting high and low pK1values for each of the antagonists were consistent with the two pKDvalues obtained for [3H]‐prazosin in the saturation experiments. 5‐Methylurapidil and HV723 displaced the [3H]‐prazosin binding monophasically with an affinity (pKI) close to 8.5.These results suggest the presence of at least two distinct α‐adrenoceptor subtypes (presumably an αICsubtype with a high affinity for prazosin and WB4101, and a putative αILsubtype with a low affinity for the antagonists) in the human prostate, in which the latter subtype may be predominantly involved in the contractile response to noradrenaline.
Ultrasound evaluation of the paediatric prostate
Authors: IINGRAM S. , HOLLMAN A. S. , AZMY A. F. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To document the shape, echogenicity and volume range of the normal paediatric prostate on transabdominal ultrasound, and to determine the feasibility of imaging the seminal vesicles and prostatic urethra with transabdominal ultrasound.Patients and methods Transabdominal ultrasound of the prostate was performed in 36 boys, aged 7 months‐13.5 years (mean 7.7 years), with normal prostates.Results Generally the prostate was hypoechoic, ellipsoidal in shape with a volume range of 0.4–5.2 ml (mean 1.2). The seminal vesicles were demonstrated in 56% of boys but only occasionally could the urethra be visualized. No colour flow was demonstrated within the prostate.Conclusion The paediatric prostate can be easily visualized by transabdominal ultrasound. This technique may be of value in the investigation of incontinence, posterior urethral valves and seminal vesicle pathology, and in the monitoring of prostatic volume in hypogonadal boys.
Role of radiation therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the penis
Authors: RAVI R. , CHATURVEDI H. K. , SASTRY D. V. L. N. 
Published: December 2008

Objective To study the effectiveness of radiation therapy (RT) for the primary tumour and for groin node and distant metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.Subjects and methods Between January 1959 and June 1988. 156 patients with negative lymph nodes in the groin underwent RT of the primary tumour. RT was also administered to 120 patients with lymph node involvement in the groin and to nine with distant metastases.Results Local control of the primary tumour was achieved in 65% of patients with RT alone and in another 33% with salvage surgery. Lymph node recurrence in the groin was seen in 11% of patients and the corrected 5‐year disease‐free survival was 87%. Pre‐operative inguinal RT was useful in patients with mobile lymph nodes ≥4 cm in size in the groin, with only 8% of such lymphadenectomy specimens showing perinodal infiltration and only 3% of such patients having post‐operative groin recurrences. Pelvic and/or para‐aortic RT was ineffective in patients with pelvic node metastases. Palliative RT resulted in amelioration of symptoms in 56% of patients with fixed lymph nodes in the groin, all five patients with painful bony metastases and one of two patients with cord compression and paraplegia.Conclusion Radiation therapy is ideal for patients with T1 and T2 primary cancers of the penis. Pre‐operative RT is useful for patients with mobile lymph nodes ≥4 cm in size in the groin. RT provides effective palliation in patients with advanced regional disease and/or distant metastases.
Quality of life in patients treated for penile cancer. A follow‐up study
Authors: OPJORDSMOEN S. , FOSSÅ S. D. 
Published: December 2008

Objectives To study the long‐term psychosocial wellbeing of patients following successful physical treatment for cancer of the penis.Patients and methods Thirty patients (median age at follow‐up 57 years, range 28–75) were followed up for a median of 80 months after treatment for penile cancer (local excision/laser beam treatment, 5; radiotherapy, 12; partial penectomy, 9; total penectomy, 4). They underwent a semi‐structured interview and completed the Impact of Events Scale, General Health Questionnaire and the EORTC QLQ C‐30 questionnaire. Global scales for measuring sexual function, subjective well‐being and social activity were constructed and found reliable and valid.Results There was a strong correlation between the well‐being scale and the EORTC scales for overall quality of life and psychological distress. Patients treated with partial or total penectomy had a worse outcome with regard to sexual function than patients treated conservatively, but there was no difference in the other domains of quality of life, indicating that even the more radically treated patients usually adapted adequately. Half of the individuals had mental symptoms at follow‐up, and these patients were less satisfied and showed less social activity. Seven men reported that, if asked again, they would choose treatment with lower long‐term survival to increase the chance of remaining sexually potent, but the majority gave priority to higher long‐term survival.Conclusion Before treatment of penile cancer, physicians should thoroughly discuss the expected outcome and consequences of the different treatment options with the patient. Psychosocial treatment might be helpful for patients with mental symptoms.
EXISTENCE OF THE STANDARD SYSTEM IN THE MULTIPLE‐PRODUCTION CASE: A SOLUTION TO THE MANARA PROBLEM
Authors: Dupertuis Michel‐Stéphane , Sinha Ajit 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTIn this paper we show that the Manara problem in the case of Sraffa's generalized multiple‐production case arises due to the presence of superfluous processes of production. We argue that ‘goods’ should be defined from the perspective of the system and not the observer. We provide a mathematical procedure to remove superfluous processes from the construction of Sraffa's Standard system. Once this is done, the Manara problem disappears.
Are Weekly Inflation Forecasts Informative?*
Authors: Amstad Marlene , Fischer Andreas M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAre weekly inflation forecasts informative? Although several central banks review and discuss monetary policy issues on a bi‐weekly basis, there have been no attempts by analysts to construct systematic estimates of core inflation that supports such a decision‐making schedule. The timeliness of news releases are recognized to be an important information source in real‐time estimation. We incorporate real‐time information from macroeconomic releases and revisions into our weekly updates of monthly Swiss core inflation using a common factor procedure. The weekly estimates for Swiss core inflation show that it is worthwhile to update the forecast at least twice a month.
Normobaric hyperoxia attenuates early blood–brain barrier disruption by inhibiting MMP‐9‐mediated occludin degradation in focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Liu Wenlan , Hendren Jill , Qin Xu‐Jun , Shen Jiangang , Liu Ke Jian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEarly blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption resulting from excessive neurovascular proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is closely associated with hemorrhagic transformation events in ischemic stroke. We have shown that normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) treatment reduces MMP‐9 increase in the ischemic brain. The aim of this study was to determine whether NBO could attenuate MMP‐9‐mediated early BBB disruption following ischemic stroke. Rats were exposed to NBO (95% O2) or normoxia (30% O2) during 90‐min middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 3‐hour reperfusion. NBO‐treated rats showed a significant reduction in Evan’s blue extravasation in the ischemic hemisphere compared with normoxic rats. Topographically, Evan’s blue leakage was mainly seen in the subcortical regions including the striatum, which was accompanied by increased gelatinolytic activity and reduced immunostaining for tight‐junction protein, occludin. Increased gelatinolytic activities and occludin protein loss were also observed in isolated ischemic microvessels. Gel gelatin zymography identified that MMP‐9 was the main enzymatic source in the cerebral microvessels. Incubation of brain slices or isolated microvessels with purified MMP‐9 revealed specific degradation of occludin. Inhibition of MMP‐9 by NBO or MMP‐inhibitor, BB1101, significantly reduced occludin protein loss in ischemic microvessels. These results suggest that NBO attenuates early BBB disruption, and inhibition of MMP‐9‐mediated occludin degradation is an important mechanism for this protection.
The proteome of the presynaptic active zone: from docked synaptic vesicles to adhesion molecules and maxi‐channels
Authors: Morciano Marco , Beckhaus Tobias , Karas Michael , Zimmermann Herbert , Volknandt Walter 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe presynaptic proteome controls neurotransmitter release and the short and long term structural and functional dynamics of the nerve terminal. Using a monoclonal antibody against synaptic vesicle protein 2 we immunopurified a presynaptic compartment containing the active zone with synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane as well as elements of the presynaptic cytomatrix. Individual protein bands separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were subjected to nanoscale‐liquid chromatography electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry. Combining this method with 2‐dimensional benzyldimethyl‐n‐hexadecylammonium chloride/sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight and immunodetection we identified 240 proteins comprising synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, a large variety of adhesion molecules and proteins potentially involved in regulating the functional and structural dynamics of the pre‐synapse. Four maxi‐channels, three isoforms of voltage‐dependent anion channels and the tweety homolog 1 were co‐isolated with the docked synaptic vesicles. As revealed by in situ hybridization, tweety homolog 1 reveals a distinct expression pattern in the rodent brain. Our results add novel information to the proteome of the presynaptic active zone and suggest that in particular proteins potentially involved in the short and long term structural modulation of the mature presynaptic compartment deserve further detailed analysis.
When is it safe to discontinue AED treatment?
Authors: Camfield Peter , Camfield Carol 
Published: December 2008

SummaryWhen people with epilepsy become seizure‐free with daily antiepileptic drug (AED) management, there is a very individual decision to be made about discontinuing this treatment. After 1–6 years of seizure‐freedom, it is estimated that 69% of children and 61% of adults remain seizure‐free when AEDs are tapered and stopped. The length of time that a patient is seizure‐free does not influence the success rate in children but may in adults. The epilepsy syndrome does not seem to influence the chance of success in 75% of children; however, several prediction schemes based on risk factors for recurrence may be useful. There are two major risks in discontinuing treatment—a tiny risk that the epilepsy will not be controlled again and a tiny risk of death during a recurrence. Children who have had 1–2 years seizure‐free deserve a chance to discontinue their AED treatment, whereas in adults this decision probably should wait until there have been at least 4 years of seizure‐freedom.
Neurologic birth defects after prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Uziel Daniela , Rozental Renato 
Published: December 2008

SummaryMaternal epilepsy has a potential for fetal injury, either antiepileptic drug (AED)–induced or as a consequence of seizures per se. The intent of this article is to explore this relationship, discussing similar patterns of malformations seen with AEDs or different disease exposure during pregnancy, and the potential role of gap junctional intercellular communication in abnormal morphogenesis.