bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation training for medical emergencies: Evaluation of dentists’ long‐term learning skills and confidence
Authors: Kishimoto Naotaka , Ujita Tomoaki , Tran Simon D. , Sanuki Takuro , Seo Kenji 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAs the population ages and more patients experience medical emergencies during dental treatments, dentists must competently and confidently manage these situations. We developed a simulation training course for medical emergencies in the dental setting using an inexpensive vital sign simulation app for smartphones/tablets without the need for an expensive simulator. However, the duration for which this effect is maintained is unclear. This study was performed to evaluate the long‐term educational effect at 3, 6, and 12 months after taking the course.Materials and MethodsThirty‐nine dental residents participated in this course. Scenarios included vasovagal syncope, anaphylaxis, hyperventilation syndrome, and acute coronary syndrome, each of which the participants had to diagnose and treat. The participants were evaluated using a checklist for anaphylaxis diagnosis and treatment skills immediately after and 3, 6, and 12 months after the course. The participants were also surveyed about their confidence in diagnosing and treating these conditions by questionnaire before, immediately after, and 3, 6, and 12 months after the course.ResultsThe checklist scores for anaphylaxis were significantly lower at 3, 6, and 12 months after the course than immediately after the course. The percentage of participants who provided a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment for vasovagal syncope, hyperventilation syndrome, and acute coronary syndrome was lower at all reassessments than immediately after the course.ConclusionBecause medical emergency management skills and confidence declined within 3 months, it would be useful to introduce a refresher course approximately 3 months after the initial course to maintain skills and confidence.
Dynamic characteristics of parent–adolescent closeness: Predicting adolescent emotion dysregulation
Authors: Chiang Shou‐Chun , Bai Sunhye , Mak Hio Wa , Fosco Gregory M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmotion dysregulation is linked to adolescent psychological problems. However, little is known about how lability in daily closeness of parent–adolescent dyads affects the development of emotion dysregulation. This study examined how closeness lability with parents was associated with emotion dysregulation 12 months later. The sample included 144 adolescents (M = 14.62, SD = 0.83) who participated in a baseline assessment, 21‐day daily diaries, and a 12‐month follow‐up assessment. Parents and adolescents both reported adolescent emotion dysregulation at baseline and follow‐up assessments, while adolescents reported daily parent–adolescent closeness. Results indicate that lability in father–adolescent closeness was associated with increased emotion dysregulation at 12 months reported by adolescents. However, lability in mother–adolescent closeness was not associated with adolescent emotion dysregulation. Moreover, when baseline father–adolescent closeness was high, greater lability in father–adolescent closeness was associated with decreased emotion dysregulation. Findings indicate that daily fluctuations in father–adolescent closeness are a key family characteristic that links to long‐term adolescent emotion dysregulation.
Structural and functional analysis of SpGlu64A: a novel glycoside hydrolase family 64 laminaripentaose‐producing β‐1,3‐glucanase from Streptomyces pratensis
Authors: Ma Junwen , Jiang Zhengqiang , Yan Qiaojuan , Lv Ang , Li Yanxiao , Yang Shaoqing 
Published: February 2024

Laminaripentaose (L5)‐producing β‐1,3‐glucanases can preferentially cleave the triple‐helix curdlan into β‐1,3‐glucooligosaccharides, especially L5. In this study, a newly identified member of the glycoside hydrolase family 64, β‐1,3‐glucanase from Streptomyces pratensis (SpGlu64A), was functionally and structurally characterized. SpGlu64A shared highest identity (30%) with a β‐1,3‐glucanase from Streptomyces matensis. The purified SpGlu64A showed maximal activity at pH 7.5 and 50 °C, and exhibited strict substrate specificity toward curdlan (83.1 U·mg−1). It efficiently hydrolyzed curdlan to produce L5 as the end product. The overall structure of SpGlu64A consisted of a barrel domain and a mixed (α/β) domain, which formed an unusually wide groove with a crescent‐like structure. In the two complex structures (SpGlu64A–L3 and SpGlu64A–L4), two oligosaccharide chains were captured and the triple‐helical structure was relatively compatible with the wide groove, which suggested the possibility of binding to the triple‐helical β‐1,3‐glucan. A catalytic framework (β6–β9–β10) and the steric hindrance formed by the side chains of residues Y161, N163, and H393 in the catalytic groove were predicted to complete the exotype‐like cleavage manner. On the basis of the structure, a fusion protein with the CBM56 domain (SpGlu64A–CBM) and a mutant (Y161F; by site‐directed mutation) were obtained, with 1.2‐ and 1.7‐fold increases in specific activity, respectively. Moreover, the combined expression of SpGlu64A–CBM and ‐Y161F improved the enzyme activity by 2.63‐fold. The study will not only be helpful in understanding the reaction mechanism of β‐1,3‐glucanases but will also provide a basis for further enzyme engineering.
Mechanical properties of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg under quasi‐static and cyclic loading
Authors: Yankin Andrei , Seisekulova Aidana , Perveen Asma , Talamona Didier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of minor variations in the building angle of 3D‐printed AlSi10Mg components on mechanical properties under different processing and postprocessing conditions (as‐built [AB], stress relief [SR], and platform heating [HP]). Beginning with tensile tests to determine stress ranges for subsequent fatigue experiments, findings indicate that the building angle significantly impacts tensile strength, yield strength, and ultimate strain, rising with inclining angles. However, Young's modulus remains unaffected. High‐cycle fatigue testing at stress amplitudes below yield strength values reveals differences in S‐N fatigue curves among AB, SR, and HP conditions. While the building angle's influence is not statistically significant, AB samples exhibit lower fatigue resistance than SR and HP counterparts. HP samples perform similarly to SR at high stress levels but notably worse at low stress values. The developed multiple linear regression model shows reasonable accuracy, with 84% of predictions within ±2‐factor and 97.2% within ±3‐factor.
Internationalization and disciplinary differences: Tensions in the academic career in Chilean universities
Authors: Véliz Daniela , Marshall Pìo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article broadens the knowledge about the experience of academics in relation to how the internationalization of research has changed in a southern country and tensions that have risen depending on the different disciplines. This work resulted from interviews and documentary data collected mainly through semi‐structured interviews with 57 administrators (including University rectors, provosts, vice‐rectors and deans from multiple disciplines) who had been involved in developing the research strategies. Findings suggest that trends between disciplines differ notoriously. Publishing in foreign countries is more likely to happen to academics from hard sciences. Social sciences and humanities' research activities are often performed in books and book chapters. This translates into an initial disadvantage for social sciences in terms of internationalization since the result of their work is often less visible abroad than scientific indexed papers. This difference might be problematic if used as an indicator of academic productivity and recognition without considering disciplinary differences, especially in countries where research capacities and internationalization are still under development.
The crisis literature in higher education
Authors: Tight Malcolm 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe literature on higher education includes a substantial genre devoted to the theme of crisis. While higher education is not alone in this, higher education researchers and writers all too often reach for the language of crisis to describe what they are experiencing or finding. Crises are identified at institutional, disciplinary, national and international levels, with radical and far‐reaching solutions to them sometimes set out. This article will explore and synthesize the crisis literature in higher education, attempt to explain its prevalence and speculate on how it might be resolved or taken forward.
Women in STEM graduate education: Case of the German excellence initiative
Authors: Önder Ali Sina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAre public policies effective in enhancing gender balance in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduate education? Although the literature is rich in studies that prescribe micro‐level interventions to promote gender balance in specific STEM areas or institutions, there are surprisingly few studies that quantitatively evaluate existing macro‐level policies. Using Germany's Excellence Initiative as an event study, I analyse changes in cohorts of doctorate recipients in STEM fields and investigate whether the Excellence Initiative's graduate school line of funding, which is a large‐scale public policy that aimed to create and sustain STEM graduate programs, also succeeded to increase women's share among STEM doctorate recipients. Assessing difference‐in‐differences in natural sciences and mathematics doctorate recipients between 2000 and 2014, I find no statistically significant evidence that the Excellence Initiative led to any significant increase in women's participation in STEM studies beyond already existing trends in these fields. I find, however, significant differences between funded and non‐funded STEM graduate programs in their rate of internationalization, which was another major policy target of the Excellence Initiative.
Sex differences in the effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir plus rilpivirine as a switch strategy in people living with HIV
Authors: Ramos‐Ruperto Luis , Arcos‐Rueda Maria del Mar , de Miguel‐Buckley Rosa , Busca‐Arenzana Carmen , Mican Rafael , Montejano Rocío , Delgado‐Hierro Ana , Montes María Luisa , Valencia María Eulalia , Serrano Lucía , Arribas José Ramon , González Juan , Bernardino Jose Ignacio , Martín‐Carbonero Luz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionDolutegravir + rilpivirine (DTG + RPV) is an effective antiretroviral therapy regimen approved in clinical guidelines as a switch therapy for virologically suppressed people with HIV. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of DTG + RPV in women and men in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of treatment‐experienced people with HIV from a large HIV unit who switched to DTG + RPV. We analysed treatment effectiveness, rates of adverse events and discontinuation, and metabolic changes after 48 weeks of treatment. HIV‐RNA levels <50 copies/mL were analysed at 48 weeks using both intention‐to treat analysis (where missing data were interpreted as failures) and per‐protocol analysis (excluding those with missing data or changes due to reasons other than virological failure). Outcomes were compared between women and men based on sex at birth.ResultsA total of 307 patients were selected (71 women and 236 men). No transgender people were included. At baseline, women had lived with HIV infection and received antiretroviral therapy for longer than men (23.2 vs 17.4 years and 18.9 vs 14.2 years, respectively). In the intention‐to‐treat analysis, 74.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.4–83.3%) of women and 83.5% (95% CI 78.2–87.7) of men had HIV‐RNA <50 copies/mL. In the per‐protocol analysis, 96.4% (95% CI 87.7–99) of women and 99% (95% CI 98.9–99.7) of men had HIV‐RNA levels <50 copies/mL. Two women and two men had HIV‐RNA >50 copies/mL at 48 weeks. Discontinuation due to adverse events was more frequent in women than in men: 12.7% vs 7.2% (p < 0.02). Neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal events were the most frequently reported. A median (interquartile range) weight gain of 1.9 kg (0–4.2) in women and 1.2 kg (−1–3.1) in men was reported (median of differences between baseline visit and week 48); the remaining changes in metabolic parameters were neutral.ConclusionsDTG + RPV exhibited good and similar virological effectiveness in women and men in real‐world settings. However, poorer tolerability and more treatment interruptions were observed in women.
DRESS syndrome with multiorgan involvement and HHV‐6 reactivation in the absence of a drug trigger
Authors: Aw Yi Tong Vincent , Ooi Meidelynn , Ekladious Adel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe drug reaction where patients present with fever, morbilliform rash and multiorgan manifestations, which may include acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and eosinophilic myocarditis. We present a case of a 60‐year‐old woman with acute heart failure, DRESS syndrome features and human herpesvirus 6 reactivation in the absence of a drug trigger. She was diagnosed with eosinophilic myocarditis and successfully treated with corticosteroid therapy.
Marital concerns of long‐term hospitalised patients with diagnosed schizophrenia: A descriptive phenomenological study
Authors: Ma Rui , Wang Yu , Li Yu‐xin , Yu Kai , Wang Xiao‐qing , Wang Zheng‐jun , Zhou Yu‐qiu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMarital concerns can trigger emotional stress, especially among long‐term hospitalised individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, significantly affecting their treatment and recovery. Unfortunately, rehabilitation programs tend to overlook the marital needs of individuals with diagnosed schizophrenia. This research aimed to investigate the content related to marital concerns of Chinese individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia who were undergoing extended hospitalisation. Fifteen participants diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited through purposive sampling for face‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews. The gathered data were analysed using Colaizzi's method, revealing three themes: (1) manifestations of marriage‐related concerns, (2) effects of marriage on disease progression, and (3) the need for support from family and the hospital. This study offers new insights into marital concerns among long‐term schizophrenia inpatients and underscores the significance of screening and intervention for such concerns. Healthcare professionals and family members should extend support to patients to foster confidence within their marital relationships.
‘Everything would have gone a lot better if someone had listened to me’: A nationwide study of emergency department contact by people with a psychosocial disability and a National Disability Insurance Scheme plan
Authors: McIntyre Heather , Loughhead Mark , Hayes Laura , Allen Caroline , Barton‐Smith Dean , Bickley Brooke , Vega Louis , Smith Jewels , Wharton Ursula , Procter Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAustralians with a psychosocial disability (PSD) and a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) plan may at times require emergency care due to the fluctuating nature of their physical and mental health conditions or when their supports have become insufficient. This nationwide study investigated the experiences of people presenting to an emergency department (ED) who have a PSD and an NDIS plan. The objective was to understand current care and communication practices and to provide recommendations for service integration. Twenty‐four interviews were conducted with people who had a PSD and an NDIS plan. Participants were asked semi‐structured questions about their experiences when engaging with NDIS processes and when engaging with the ED as an NDIS recipient and how communication practices could be improved between the two services. A qualitative, descriptive thematic analysis approach was used. A lived experience advisory group participated in the research and provided commentary. The findings of this study indicate that the NDIS, as a personalised budget scheme, presents challenges for people with complex PSD and physical needs. ED clinicians appear to be unclear about what the NDIS provides and communication between the two systems is fragmented and inconsistent. The themes identified from the analysed transcripts are: (a) People with PSD experience distress when dealing with the NDIS; (b) There's a blame game between the ED and the NDIS; and (c) Inadequate service integration between the ED and NDIS. Recommendations to assist with service integration include building service capacity, providing overlapping care and bridging the diverse biomedical, psychosocial and disability care services.
Isolation, identification and osteogenic capability analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane
Authors: Lv Huixin , Xu Jing , Wang Yihan , Liu Xiuyu , Chen Sheng , Chen Jingxia , Zhai Jingjie , Zhou Yanmin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo discover the populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane (hMSM) and evaluate their osteogenic capability.Materials and MethodshMSM was isolated into a monolayer using the combined method of physical separation and enzymatic digestion. The localization of MSCs in hMSM was performed by immunohistological staining and other techniques. Lamina propria layer‐derived MSCs (LMSCs) and periosteum layer‐derived MSCs (PMSCs) from hMSM were expanded using the explant cell culture method and identified by multilineage differentiation assays, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and so on. The biological characteristics of LMSCs and PMSCs were compared using RNA sequencing, reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, transwell assay, western blotting and so forth.ResultsLMSCs and PMSCs from hMSMs were both CD73‐, CD90‐ and CD105‐positive, and CD34‐, CD45‐ and HLA‐DR‐negative. LMSCs and PMSCs were identified as CD171+/CD90+ and CD171−/CD90+, respectively. LMSCs displayed stronger proliferation capability than PMSCs, and PMSCs presented stronger osteogenic differentiation capability than LMSCs. Moreover, PMSCs could recruit and promote osteogenic differentiation of LMSCs.ConclusionsThis study identified and isolated two different types of MSCs from hMSMs. Both MSCs served as good potential candidates for bone regeneration.
Ultrasound bleaching and quality evaluation of rice bran oil
Authors: Zhang Fuqiang , Wu Zhihao , Huang Haoyi , Wang Peixuan , Yu Yue , Wu Caie , Li Tingting , Li Xiaojing , Zhou Dandan , Fan Gongjian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRice bran oil (RBO) contains rich nutrients that are beneficial to the human body, but RBO suffers from severe nutrient loss due to bleaching difficulties. This article investigates low‐power ultrasound‐assisted bleaching as a new method for RBO during the bleaching process, which could potentially reduce nutrient loss and lipid oxidation. First, florisil (FL), magnesium trisilicate (MAT), and activated blending earth (ABE) were selected to use a mixture design for formula optimization from six adsorbent types, and then, central composite design was employed to optimize the parameters of the bleaching process for the ultrasound‐assisted adsorbent formula. The results showed that the optimal formula was 66% FL, 10% MAT, and 24% ABE, the highest L* value and the lowest a* value is obtained at ultrasound power of 50 W for 9 min. The various parameters of RBO were subjected to comparison before and after ultrasound‐assisted bleaching. Following this bleaching procedure, the color and quality of RBO experienced notable enhancements, all the while maintaining micronutrient and fatty acid compositions within acceptable ranges. The characterization analysis of the adsorbent by FT‐IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed its adsorption of pigments and other substances. The results indicate that the low‐power ultrasound‐assisted bleaching is effective for RBO bleaching and may provide a promising alternative to the adsorption‐based bleaching method.Practical ApplicationsRBO is made from pressed rice bran and has high nutritional value, such as fatty acids, vitamin E, sterols, and oryzanol, with over 90% absorption by the body. The dark color of RBO makes it difficult to produce clear, transparent, and light‐colored rice bran oil, and even if bleaching is achieved, it results in significant nutrient losses. Conventional bleaching methods are commonly inefficient while emerging technologies cannot be applied industrially. Three adsorbents were selected for formulation optimization based on the fact that the bleaching effect of a single adsorbent is not obvious. Low‐power ultrasound‐assisted bleaching was performed to reduce nutrient loss and lipid oxidation. The aim is to find new bleaching methods that achieve bleaching results with acceptable nutrient losses.
Impact of metabolic unhealthiness and its changes on the risk of erosive esophagitis: a cohort study
Authors: Kim Nam Hee , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Sohn Chong Il 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to compare the risk of erosive esophagitis (EE) among individuals with different phenotypes based on metabolic health status and obesity and investigate the role of changes in metabolic health in EE risk.MethodsA cohort of 258 892 asymptomatic adults without EE at baseline who underwent ollow‐up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were categorized into the following four groups according to metabolic health and obesity status: (i) metabolically healthy (MH) non‐obese; (ii) metabolically unhealthy (MU) non‐obese; (iii) MH obese; and (iv) MU obese. EE was defined as the presence of grade A or higher mucosal breaks on EGD.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, the incidence rates of EE were 0.6/103 person‐years (PY), 1.7/103 PY, 1.7/103 PY, and 3.1/103 PY in the MH non‐obese, MU non‐obese, MH obese, and MU obese groups, respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for developing EE comparing the MH obese, MU non‐obese, and MU obese groups with the MH non‐obese group were 1.49 (1.29–1.71), 1.56 (1.25–1.94), and 2.18 (1.90–2.49), respectively. The multivariable‐adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing the progression of MH to MU, regression of MU to MH, and persistent MU with the persistent MH group were 1.39 (1.10–1.76), 1.39 (1.09–1.77), and 1.86 (1.56–2.21), respectively. The increased risk of EE among the persistent MU group was consistently observed in individuals without obesity or abdominal obesity.ConclusionMetabolic unhealthiness and obesity were independent risk factors for the development of EE, suggesting that maintaining both normal weight and metabolic health may help reduce the risk of EE.