bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A versatile laser-based apparatus for time-resolved ARPES with micro-scale spatial resolution
Authors: Dufresne S. K. Y. , Zhdanovich S. , Michiardi M. , Guislain B. G. , Zonno M. , Mazzotti V. , O’Brien L. , Kung S. , Levy G. , Mills A. K. , Boschini F. , Jones D. J. , Damascelli A. 
Published: March 2024

We present the development of a versatile apparatus for 6.2 eV laser-based time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with micrometer spatial resolution (time-resolved μ-ARPES). With a combination of tunable spatial resolution down to ∼11 μm, high energy resolution (∼11 meV), near-transform-limited temporal resolution (∼280 fs), and tunable 1.55 eV pump fluence up to 3 mJ/cm2, this time-resolved μ-ARPES system enables the measurement of ultrafast electron dynamics in exfoliated and inhomogeneous materials. We demonstrate the performance of our system by correlating the spectral broadening of the topological surface state of Bi2Se3 with the spatial dimension of the probe pulse, as well as resolving the spatial inhomogeneity contribution to the observed spectral broadening. Finally, after in situ exfoliation, we performed time-resolved μ-ARPES on a ∼30 μm flake of transition metal dichalcogenide WTe2, thus demonstrating the ability to access ultrafast electron dynamics with momentum resolution on micro-exfoliated materials.
Fuzzy adaptive PID control for path tracking of field intelligent weeding machine
Authors: Liu Jiaodi , Wu Xiaoman , Quan Longzhe , Xu Hongzhen , Hua Yong 
Published: March 2024

In order to reduce the influence of external interference on the intelligent weeder, improve the stability of its path tracking system, enhance its weeding effect, and reduce the rate of seedling injury, the motion steering control of the four-wheeled weeder is studied. The control strategy of fuzzy adaptive proportional integral differential (PID) algorithm is determined by establishing the path tracking mathematical model of the field intelligent weeder; the fuzzy adaptive PID controller is designed with the input average steering angle deviation of the front wheels and the rate of change of the deviation so as to realize the automatic adjustment and optimization of the parameters. We use Simulink to build the control system model and to compare and analyze with the PID controller. The results show that under the action of the step signal, the rise time of the fuzzy adaptive PID and PID control system responses is 2.596 and 4.209 s, respectively; under the action of the impulse, the fuzzy adaptive PID has a significant advantage over the traditional PID control system in terms of the rise time and response time. In addition, this control system has a fast response speed, high adaptability, high anti-interference ability, and superior path tracking ability, which are necessary for improving the accuracy of the field intelligent weeder and reducing the rate of seedling injury.
Segmental dynamics of polystyrene near polymer–polymer interfaces
Authors: Lee Jeongin , Lee Soohyun , Lee Keonchang , Joung Hyeyoung , Choi Seung Kun , Kim Myungwoong , Yang Jaesung , Paeng Keewook 
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the segmental dynamics of polymers near polymer–polymer interfaces by probing the rotation of polymer-tethered fluorescent molecules using imaging rotational fluorescence correlation microscopy. Multilayered films were utilized to provide spatial selectivity relative to different polymer–polymer interfaces. In the experimental setup, for the overlayer polymer, polystyrene (PS) was employed and a 15 nm-thick probe-containing layer was placed ≈25 nm apart from different underlayer polymers with glass transition temperatures (Tg) either lower or higher than that of PS. The underlayer of poly-n-butyl methacrylate had 72 K lower Tg than that of PS, whereas polymethyl methacrylate and polysulfone had 22 and 81 K higher Tg, respectively, than that of PS. Two key dynamic features of the glass transition, the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and stretched relaxation, were examined to study the influence of soft and hard confinements on the segmental dynamics of the overlayer polymer near the polymer–polymer interfaces. Although complications exist in the probing location owing to the diffusion of the polymer-tethered probe during the annealing protocol to consolidate the multilayers, the results suggest that either the segmental dynamics of the polymer near the polymer–polymer interface do not change owing to the soft and hard confinements or the interfacial perturbation is very short ranged.
An experimental look into efficient quaternary Bi5O7I/Bi(IO3)3/Bi2(IO4) (IO3)3/BiOIO3 photocatalytic composite
Authors: Sabuj Imran Hossain , Jahan Shirin Akter , Khan M. N. I. , Akhtar Umme Sarmeen , Islam Dipa , Bashar Muhammad Shahriar , Das H. N. , Jahan Sharmin , Hossain Quazi Shafayat , Hossain Khandker Saadat , Imran Sazzad M. S. , Ahmed Imtiaz 
Published: March 2024

The prototypical toxic dye rhodamine B (RhB) is perhaps one of the most abundant pollutants in industrial wastewater. Its efficient photocatalytic degradation through composite photocatalysts is crucial for environmental remediation. Here, we synthesized quaternary Bi5O7I/Bi(IO3)3/Bi2(IO4)(IO3)3/BiOIO3 bismuth iodate composites through facile hydrothermal and solvothermal methods. The coexistence of multiple bismuth iodate phases was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis, room temperature Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The desired chemical states of Bi, I, and O inside the composites were confirmed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Field emission electron microscopy revealed flower-shaped nanosheet morphology for the composite synthesized at 120 °C, whereas randomly shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 80 nm were formed in the composite calcined at 400 °C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy further corroborated the existence of multiple phases in the composites. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed the optical absorption edges of the composites to be located within the visible range of 1.68–3.16 eV. The flower-shaped quaternary bismuth iodate composite demonstrated 100% degradation of RhB dye within 40 min of optical exposure. This quaternary bismuth iodate composite is suitable for solar harvesting-driven toxic dye remediation.
Vibronic coupling and ultrafast relaxation dynamics in the first five excited singlet electronic states of bithiophene
Authors: Priyanka U. , Paul Aishwarya , Mondal T. 
Published: March 2024

The vibronic structure and nuclear dynamics in the first five excited singlet electronic states of bithiophene (2T) are investigated here. Specifically, considerations are given to comprehend the first two structureless and broad electronic absorption bands and the role of nonadiabatic coupling in the excited state relaxation mechanism of 2T in the gas phase. Associated potential energy surfaces (PESs) are established by constructing a model vibronic coupling Hamiltonian using 18 vibrational degrees of freedom and extensive ab initio electronic structure calculations. The topographies of these PESs are critically examined, and multiple conical intersections are established. The nuclear dynamics calculations are performed by propagating wave packets on the coupled electronic manifold. The present theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. It is found that strong nonadiabatic coupling between the S1–S4 and S1–S5 states along totally symmetric modes is predominantly responsible for the structureless and broad first absorption band, and overlapping S2, S3, S4, and S5 states form the second absorption band. Photorelaxation from the highly excited S5 to the lowest S1 state takes place through a cascade of diabatic population transfers among the S1–S4–S5 electronic manifold within the first ∼100 fs. Totally symmetric C=C stretching, C–S stretching, C–H wagging, ring puckering, and inter-ring bending modes collectively drive such relaxation dynamics.
Method of kinetic energy reconstruction from time-of-flight mass spectra
Authors: Ngai A. , Dulitz K. , Hartweg S. , Franz J. C. , Mudrich M. , Stienkemeier F. 
Published: March 2024

We present a method for the reconstruction of ion kinetic energy distributions from ion time-of-flight mass spectra through ion trajectory simulations. In particular, this method is applicable to complicated spectrometer geometries with largely anisotropic ion collection efficiencies. A calibration procedure using a single ion mass peak allows the accurate determination of parameters related to the spectrometer calibration, experimental alignment, and instrument response function, which improves the agreement between simulations and experiment. The calibrated simulation is used to generate a set of basis functions for the time-of-flight spectra, which are then used to transform from time-of-flight to kinetic-energy spectra. We demonstrate this reconstruction method on a recent pump–probe experiment by Asmussen et al. [Asmussen et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 23, 15138, (2021)] on helium nanodroplets and retrieve time-resolved kinetic-energy-release spectra for the ions from ion time-of-flight spectra.
La mue du blaireau de Busterin
Authors: Conti Inès , Lajqi Melita 
Published: March 2024

Abstraite
L’Armorial des chevaliers de la Table Ronde, ou Armorial arthurien, est
un recueil du XVe siècle recensant les écus et parfois de petites biographies de personnages littéraires, les
chevaliers de la Table Ronde. Ce texte présente de nombreux cas de diffractio, notamment dans la représentation
iconographique des écus qui diffère parfois de ce que le blasonnement (la description) de l’écu indique dans le texte
accompagnant les armoiries. Le personnage de Busterin le Grand, un chevalier de la Table Ronde presqu’inconnu, voit ainsi
l’animal peint sur son écu varier au fil des manuscrits: tantôt un blaireau, tantôt un rat dans les premières versions de
l’Armorial, le quadrupède se mue ensuite en belette et même en louveteau. Cet article explore les
différentes raisons qui ont pu mener tant les copistes que les enlumineurs à cette confusion, puis aux diverses solutions
auxquelles ils ont ensuite fait recours pour réinterpréter l’animal.
Fabula Aesopici canis
Authors: van Dijk Gert-Jan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fables usually appear either assembled in fable collections or as exempla in other literary
genres. In many cases, especially if the fable is well-known, there is no need to retell the full version of it and a short
allusion will be sufficient for the reader to recognize the fable. This contribution offers a complete analysis of forty-two
allusions to fables in Greek and Latin literature.
Secondary roughness effect of surface microstructures on secondary electron emission and multipactor threshold for PTFE-filled and PI-filled single ridge waveguides
Authors: Meng Xiangchen , Xu Yanan , Lian Zhuoxi , Wang Jiyuan , Wang Dan , Qi Kangcheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Secondary electron yield (SEY) is a dominant factor in determining the multipactor threshold. In this study, we analyzed the secondary roughness effect of surface microstructures for plastic dielectric on SEY reduction and multipactor mitigation. A single ridge waveguide (SRW) operating in Ku-band, filled with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyimide (PI), was designed with a dielectric–metal multipactor gap. By employing a femtosecond laser, periodic microstructures were fabricated on PTFE and PI surfaces to suppress SEY. The SEY peak values of PTFE and PI decreased from 2.05 to 1.40 and 1.37 to 1.07 by the porous surface. The surface morphologies and cross-sectional images of the porous PTFE and PI demonstrated the existence of secondary roughness structures. Via simulation, we obtained multipactor thresholds of 8496 W, 12 374 W, and 9397 W for the SRWs filled with untreated PTFE surface, ideal porous surface (without secondary roughness), and real porous surface (with secondary roughness). Similar works were implemented for the PI-filled SRWs, resulting in simulated multipactor thresholds of 7640 W, 11 327 W, and 9433 W. The results indicate that the multipactor effect may not be effectively suppressed under the influence of secondary roughness structures such as plastic velvet and foam. Besides, simulation works indicated that the radio frequency electric field could extract secondary electrons from the microstructures, weakening the mitigation effect of microstructures on multipactor. The impact of surface charging on electron motion was also analyzed by considering energy distribution. It was suggested that the surface microstructures of plastic dielectrics lead to a decrease in the surface charge density and the electrostatic field strength, weakening the self-extinguishing effect and lowering the multipactor threshold. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of secondary roughness on SEY and multipactor for organic dielectrics, which makes significant sense for the further investigation of dielectric multipactor.
Improving hybrid image and structure-based deformable image registration for large internal deformations
Authors: Lorenzo Polo A , Nix M , Thompson C , O’Hara C , Entwisle J , Murray L , Appelt A , Weistrand O , Svensson S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Deformable image registration (DIR) is a widely used technique in radiotherapy. Complex deformations, resulting from large anatomical changes, are a regular challenge. DIR algorithms generally seek a balance between capturing large deformations and preserving a smooth deformation vector field (DVF). We propose a novel structure-based term that can enhance the registration efficacy while ensuring a smooth DVF. Approach. The proposed novel similarity metric for controlling structures was introduced as a new term into a commercially available algorithm. Its performance was compared to the original algorithm using a dataset of 46 patients who received pelvic re-irradiation, many of which exhibited complex deformations. Main results. The mean Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) under the improved algorithm was 0.96, 0.94, 0.76, and 0.91 for bladder, rectum, colon, and bone respectively, compared to 0.69, 0.89, 0.62, and 0.88 for the original algorithm. The improvement was more pronounced for complex deformations. Significance. With this work, we have demonstrated that the proposed term is able to improve registration accuracy for complex cases while maintaining realistic deformations.
Learning dynamical models of single and collective cell migration: a review
Authors: Brückner David B , Broedersz Chase P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Single and collective cell migration are fundamental processes critical for physiological phenomena ranging from embryonic development and immune response to wound healing and cancer metastasis. To understand cell migration from a physical perspective, a broad variety of models for the underlying physical mechanisms that govern cell motility have been developed. A key challenge in the development of such models is how to connect them to experimental observations, which often exhibit complex stochastic behaviours. In this review, we discuss recent advances in data-driven theoretical approaches that directly connect with experimental data to infer dynamical models of stochastic cell migration. Leveraging advances in nanofabrication, image analysis, and tracking technology, experimental studies now provide unprecedented large datasets on cellular dynamics. In parallel, theoretical efforts have been directed towards integrating such datasets into physical models from the single cell to the tissue scale with the aim of conceptualising the emergent behaviour of cells. We first review how this inference problem has been addressed in both freely migrating and confined cells. Next, we discuss why these dynamics typically take the form of underdamped stochastic equations of motion, and how such equations can be inferred from data. We then review applications of data-driven inference and machine learning approaches to heterogeneity in cell behaviour, subcellular degrees of freedom, and to the collective dynamics of multicellular systems. Across these applications, we emphasise how data-driven methods can be integrated with physical active matter models of migrating cells, and help reveal how underlying molecular mechanisms control cell behaviour. Together, these data-driven approaches are a promising avenue for building physical models of cell migration directly from experimental data, and for providing conceptual links between different length-scales of description.
Charge density waves in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Hwang Jinwoong , Ruan Wei , Chen Yi , Tang Shujie , Crommie Michael F , Shen Zhi-Xun , Mo Sung-Kwan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Charge density wave (CDW is one of the most ubiquitous electronic orders in quantum materials. While the essential ingredients of CDW order have been extensively studied, a comprehensive microscopic understanding is yet to be reached. Recent research efforts on the CDW phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a new pathway toward a deeper understanding of its complexity. This review provides an overview of the CDW orders in 2D with atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) as the materials platform. We mainly focus on the electronic structure investigations on the epitaxially grown TMDC samples with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy as complementary experimental tools. We discuss the possible origins of the 2D CDW, novel quantum states coexisting with them, and exotic types of charge orders that can only be realized in the 2D limit.
Deuterium retention in cyclic transient heat loaded tungsten with increasing cycle numbers
Authors: Ren Meng-Chong , Yuan Yue , Feng Fan , Cheng Long , Lian You-Yun , Zhou Hai-Shan , Lu Guang-Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Surface damage and microscopic defect evolution of tungsten (W) armor under transient heat loads are key factors for fuel retention in fusion reactors. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of cyclic thermal shocks on deuterium (D) retention and surface blistering in W. Thermal shock experiments were conducted on recrystallized W using an electron beam with a power density of 0.15 GW m−2 across 100–1500 cycles, followed by D plasma exposure with high-fluence (∼1 × 1026 D m−2). The results demonstrate that samples subjected to 500 and 1500 cycles exhibit a significant presence of sub-grains within 90 μm. Notably, the inhibition of blistering induced by thermal shock leads to a substantial reduction in D retention (5.45 × 1019 D m−2) at lower cycle numbers (100 cycles) compared to the reference sample (2.35 × 1020 D m−2) which was only exposed to D plasma. When cycle numbers increase to 500 and 1500, D retention reaches 1.98 × 1020 D m−2 and 4.56 × 1020 D m−2, respectively. Based on the tritium migration analysis program, we propose that total D retention is a consequence of the competition between defects reduced by thermal shock-induced suppression of blistering and defects generated by plastic deformation induced by thermal stress. D retention initially decreases with the increase in cycle numbers, followed by a subsequent rise, with the inflection point slightly higher than 500 cycles. Additionally, due to the extensive scope of thermal stress, an escalated exposure period will result in substantial D captured by heat-induced defects, consequently intensifying the D retention. Whether there exists an upper limit to D retention induced by the increasing thermal shock cycles necessitates further experimental analysis. Nonetheless, it is evident that thermal shock significantly contributes to D retention within a profoundly deep bulk region under high cycles.
The influence of driftwood debris in accelerating the regional scour near the bridge pier
Authors: Sisinggih D , Hendrawan A P , Marsudi S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flood disasters caused by driftwood debris are increasing and becoming more severe due to rising rainfall, shifting forest conditions, and increased trees along rivers. Driftwood buildup in rivers leads to sedimentation, erosion, and rising water levels, necessitating precise prediction of its behavior to mitigate its harmful effects. This study utilizes a three-dimensional numerical model to investigate the influence of piled-up driftwood debris on the acceleration of local scour development in front of the bridge pier. Depending on their density, driftwood blockages can be deposition types, such as floating, suspended, and submerged materials. The floating driftwood debris types yielded broader and deeper scour holes, while the suspended driftwood debris produced narrower but deeper ones. The submerged driftwood debris obstructed the pier perimeter; consequently, the plunging and spiral horseshoe patterns deteriorated as the flow approached the pier. The horseshoe vortex’s intensity and diving flow are likely lower, producing shallower local erosion around the bridge pier.
Nature conservation campaign on building a balanced ecosystem in Simeulue Island
Authors: Abus N A A , Abus A F , Saputra N , Abus A A , Lubis T 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nature conservation deals with environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability will keep balancing the surrounding ecosystem. The role of campaign for nature conservation is essential to support the atmosphere toward human welfare. This study focused on explaining the nature conservation campaign in Simeulue Island. Ethnography method was applied in this study. The study was conducted at Langi Village on Simeulue Island in Aceh Province, Indonesia. The data consisted of recordings that described nature conservation in the past and now. Besides, in-depth interviews and participant observation were also conducted to collect the data. The data were analyzed using domain analysis, taxonomy analysis, and componential analysis. This study showed a change in land use from vegetation plants to new plants (ex, paddy). This situation affects the ecosystem, microclimate, and the loss of several animals in the area. It can be concluded that the nature conservation campaign is essential to maintain nature conservation as a shield for disaster in Langi village. The effort is intended to involve both the chief and local governments.
The significant impacts of laundry wastewater on microplastics: a case study in a residential area
Authors: Haribowo R , Rifdah R , Anggani T P , Putra R A W , Shiddik M J , Fadhillah A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in urban drainage are a significant source of river pollution. Laundry waste, which can contain high levels of microfibers, is a potential source of MPs in urban drainage. This study investigated the abundance and characteristics of MPs in urban drainage channels in Ketawanggede Village, Malang City, Indonesia. The research involved stages such as inorganic and organic separation using Fe2SO4.7H2O and H2O2, density-based MPs separation, and analysis of abundance, size, color, and polymer through microscopy and FTIR. Statistical testing was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis Test in RStudio. The results showed that the abundance of MPs increased with distance from the river, with the highest abundance found at location 4 (267.44 particles/L). The MPs were dominated by small particles (<1 mm), fibers (58%), and transparent (74.3%) in color. The type of polymer was mostly polypropylene (PP) and nylon. The study also found that the abundance of microfibers was significantly higher at locations 2 and 3 (where laundries were located) compared to location 1. This suggests that laundry waste is a significant source of microfibers in urban drainage.