bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correct Use of Oscillating-Cup Viscometers for High-Temperature Absolute Measurements of Newtonian Melts
Authors: Nunes Valentim M. B. , Lourenço Maria José V. , Nieto de Castro Carlos A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOscillating-body viscometers have been used in the past to measure, in an absolute way, the viscosity of molten materials at high temperatures, from salts, metals, alloys, and semiconductors. However, the simultaneous use of basic or incomplete mathematical models, to mimic the experiment, and less careful engineering solutions for the design and operation of the instruments, led in the past to high discrepancies between the data obtained in several laboratories. This was caused by the incorrect use of the method’s theory, less accurate solutions of the complex solutions, that involve solid state and fluid mechanics, and unreal instrument design. From these types of viscometers, oscillating-cup instruments have had the most success in measuring viscosity at high temperatures, and they will be the object of this paper. It was written as a resource for workers interested in transport properties of materials when considering its use for the absolute measurement of fluids viscosity in their work, or in judging the results of others' work when comparing data with their own. The paper starts with the most accurate theory of the method’s description, followed by a discussion of its validity, application to instrument design, and consequent operation. Several constraints were identified and recommendations were made to minimize the effects of failing to satisfy them. Finally, a discussion about the uncertainty budget calculations for a real experiment is made. If all these points are followed in the design and operation of the instrument, results in global uncertainties Ur(η) between 0.02 and 0.04 are possible to obtain, up to high temperatures. If these constraints are not satisfied, erroneous measurements can be made, making comparisons and quality assessment difficult.
Teachers’ Ideas about what and how they Contribute to the Development of Students’ Ethical Compasses. An Empirical Study among Teachers of Dutch Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Van Stekelenburg Lieke , Smerecnik Chris , Sanderse Wouter , De Ruyter Doret J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this empirical study, we investigate what and how teachers in Dutch universities of applied sciences (UAS) think they contribute to the development of students’ ethical compasses. Six focus groups were conducted with teachers across three programmes: Initial Teaching Education, Business Services, and Information and Communication Technology. This study revealed that teachers across the three different professional disciplines shared similar ideas about what should be addressed in the development of students’ ethical compasses. Their contributions were grouped into three core themes: creating students’ moral awareness, developing students’ moral skills and promoting students’ moral professional behaviour. The majority of the teachers used a wide range of planned and unplanned pedagogic–didactic actions (reflecting individual learning and cooperative and group learning) to enhance the development of students’ ethical compasses. However, teachers’ strategies were mostly unstructured and unreflective and depended on the individual teacher’s ability and knowledge to address moral themes. Furthermore, the study revealed two incompatible ideals: as role models, the teachers aimed to exemplify explicitly how to be a professional with an ethical compass. However, they also wanted to adopt a neutral stance because they were afraid to manipulate the students’ ethical compasses. Therefore, they avoided promoting the ethical compass that they believed to be the best.
Ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic bile acids attenuate systemic and liver inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats
Authors: Milivojac T , Grabež M , Krivokuća A , Maličević U , Gajić Bojić M , Đukanović Đ , Uletilović S , Mandić-Kovačević N , Cvjetković T , Barudžija M , Vojinović N , Šmitran A , Amidžić Lj , Stojiljković MP , Čolić M , Mikov M , Škrbić R 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces general inflammation, by activating pathways involving cytokine production, blood coagulation, complement system activation, and acute phase protein release. The key cellular players are leukocytes and endothelial cells, that lead to tissue injury and organ failure. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties of two bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in LPS-induced endotoxemia in rats. The experiment involved six distinct groups of Wistar rats, each subjected to different pretreatment conditions: control and LPS groups were pretreated with propylene glycol, as a bile acid solvent, while the other groups were pretreated with UDCA or CDCA for 10 days followed by an LPS injection on day 10. The results showed that both UDCA and CDCA reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-1β and expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by LPS. In addition, pretreatment with these bile acids showed a positive impact on lipid profiles, a decrease in ICAM levels, an increase in antioxidant activity (SOD, |CAT, GSH), and a decrease in prooxidant markers (H2O2 and O2–). Furthermore, both bile acids alleviated LPS-induced liver injury. While UDCA and CDCA pretreatment attenuated homocysteine levels in LPS-treated rats, only UDCA pretreatment showed reductions in other serum biochemical markers, including creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and high-sensitivity troponin I. It can be concluded that both, UDCA and CDCA, although exerted slightly different effects, can prevent the inflammatory responses induced by LPS, improve oxidative stress status, and attenuate LPS-induced liver injury.
Enhanced adsorption of phenolic compounds using biomass-derived high surface area activated carbon: Isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Patil Praveengouda , Jeppu Gautham , Vallabha Manjunath Singanodi , Girish Chikmagalur Raju 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe progress of industrial and agricultural pursuits, along with the release of inadequately treated effluents especially phenolic pollutant, has amplified the pollution load on environment. These organic compounds pose considerable challenges in both drinking water and wastewater systems, given their toxicity, demanding high oxygen and limited biodegradability. Thus, developing an eco-friendly, low-cost and highly efficient adsorbent to treat the organic pollutants has become an important task. The present investigation highlights development of a novel adsorbent (CFPAC) by activation of Cassia fistula pod shell for the purpose of removing phenol and 2,4-dichlorophnenol (2,4-DCP). The significant operational factors (dosage, pH, concentration, temperature, speed) were also investigated. The factors such as pH = 2 and T = 20°C were found to be significant at 1.6 g/L and 0.6 g/L dosage for phenol and 2,4-DCP respectively. Batch experiments were further conducted to study isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamics studies for the removal of phenol and 2,4-DCP. The activated carbon was characterised as mesoporous (specific surface area 1146 m2/g, pore volume = 0.8628 cc/g), amorphous and pHPZC = 6.4. At optimum conditions, the maximum sorption capacity for phenol and 2,4-DCP were 183.79 mg/g and 374.4 mg/g respectively. The adsorption isotherm was better conformed to Redlich Peterson isotherm (phenol) and Langmuir isotherm (2,4-DCP). The kinetic study obeyed pseudo-second-order type behaviour for both the pollutants with R2 > 0.999. The thermodynamic studies and the value of isosteric heat of adsorption for both the pollutants suggested that the adsorption reaction was dominated by physical adsorption (ΔHx < 80 kJ/mol). Further, the whole process was feasible, exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The overall studies suggested that the activated carbon synthesised from Cassia fistula pods can be a promising adsorbent for phenolic compounds.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of availability of diagnostic and non-diagnostic cues on the accuracy of teachers’ judgments of students’ text comprehension
Authors: van de Pol Janneke , Rowan Eleanor , Janssen Eva , van Gog Tamara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurately judging students’ comprehension is a key professional competence for teachers. It is crucial for adapting instruction to students’ needs and thereby promoting student learning. According to the cue-utilization framework, the accuracy of teachers’ judgments depends on how predictive (or diagnostic) the information (or cues) that teachers use to make judgments is of student performance. It is, however, unclear from prior studies if merely providing access to diagnostic cues aids accuracy, or whether this only helps if non-diagnostic cues are unavailable or ignored. Therefore, we investigated, using a within-subjects experimental design, the accuracy of secondary school teachers’ (N = 33) judgments of anonymous students’ text comprehension under four cue availability conditions: 1) non-diagnostic cues only; 2) diagnostic cues only; 3) a mix of diagnostic and non-diagnostic cues; and, 4) after an intervention informing them of the diagnosticity of cues, again a mix of diagnostic and non-diagnostic cues. Access to diagnostic cues enhanced teachers’ judgment accuracy, while access to non-diagnostic cues hindered it. While teachers’ judgment accuracy was not enhanced by the intervention (presumably because it was already relatively high), their diagnostic cue utilization increased, and non-diagnostic cue utilization decreased. In addition, teachers’ calibration increased after the intervention: They knew better when their judgments were (in)accurate. Furthermore, teachers were quite aware that diagnostic cues are diagnostic, but their awareness that non-diagnostic cues (especially students’ interest) are not, could be improved. These results could be useful in designing effective interventions to further foster teachers’ judgment accuracy.
A Forgotten Maritime Highway: Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Emperor Seamounts with Implications for High Seas Conservation
Authors: Delgado James P. , Brennan Michael L. , Stokes Emily , Wagner Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article seeks to complement efforts to summarize information on the exceptional natural significance of the Emperor Seamounts. The human history of the Emperor Seamounts is culturally diverse and spans thousands of years. This ranges from indigenous cultures to the period of European colonial exploration and expansion to the rise of the modern global economy and its impact on the area through the hunting of marine mammals, fishing, and the transportation of commodities across these remote waters on ships. Some of these vessels were wrecked or disappeared, and may rest on the seabed of the Emperor Seamounts. Understanding this human history is critical in approaching the assessment, ongoing study, public outreach and management of this remote region, which has been highlighted as one of the most important areas beyond national jurisdiction to protect globally.
Strategies to Improve Drug Delivery Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Glioblastoma
Authors: Narsinh Kazim H. , Perez Edgar , Haddad Alexander F. , Young Jacob S. , Savastano Luis , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E. , Winkler Ethan , de Groot John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Glioblastoma remains resistant to most conventional treatments. Despite scientific advances in the past three decades, there has been a dearth of effective new treatments. New approaches to drug delivery and clinical trial design are needed.

Recent Findings
We discuss how the blood–brain barrier and tumor microenvironment pose challenges for development of effective therapies for glioblastoma. Next, we discuss treatments in development that aim to overcome these barriers, including novel drug designs such as nanoparticles and antibody–drug conjugates, novel methods of drug delivery, including convection-enhanced and intra-arterial delivery, and novel methods to enhance drug penetration, such as blood–brain barrier disruption by focused ultrasound and laser interstitial thermal therapy. Lastly, we address future opportunities, positing combination therapy as the best strategy for effective treatment, neoadjuvant and window-of-opportunity approaches to simultaneously enhance therapeutic effectiveness with interrogation of on-treatment biologic endpoints, and adaptive platform and basket trials as imperative for future trial design.

Summary
New approaches to GBM treatment should account for the blood-brain barrier and immunosuppression by improving drug delivery, combining treatments, and integrating novel clinical trial designs.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Intranasal Midazolam Administration for Antiseizure Treatment in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dittrich Tolga D. , Vock Dominik , Fisch Urs , Hert Lisa , Baumann Sira M. , Kliem Paulina S.C. , Rüegg Stephan , Marsch Stephan , De Marchis Gian Marco , Sutter Raoul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal midazolam (in-MDZ) administration for antiseizure treatment in adults.

Methods
Embase and Medline literature databases were searched. We included randomized trials and cohort studies (excluding case series) of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) examining in-MDZ administration for epilepsy, epileptic seizures, or status epilepticus published in English between 1985 and 2022. Studies were screened for eligibility based on predefined criteria. The primary outcome was the efficacy of in-MDZ administration, and the secondary outcome was its tolerability. Extracted data included study design, patient characteristics, intervention details, and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Results
A total of 12 studies with 929 individuals treated with in-MDZ were included. Most studies were retrospective, with their number increasing over time. Administered in-MDZ doses ranged from 2.5 to 20 mg per single dose. The mean proportion of successful seizure termination after first in-MDZ administration was 72.7% (standard deviation [SD] 18%), and the proportion of seizure recurrence or persistent seizures ranged from 61 to 75%. Most frequent adverse reactions to in-MDZ were dizziness (mean 23.5% [SD 38.6%]), confusion (one study; 17.4%), local irritation (mean 16.6% [SD 9.6%]), and sedation (mean 12.7% [SD 9.7%]).

Conclusions
Administration of in-MDZ seems promising for the treatment of prolonged epileptic seizures and seizure clusters in adults. Limited evidence suggests that intranasal administration is safe. Further research is warranted because of the heterogeneity of cohorts, the variation in dosages, and the lack of uniformity in defining successful seizure termination.
Modification of response reduction factors of overhead water tanks based on ductility factor
Authors: Pandian Antony Vimal Paul , Arunachalam Krishna Prakash , Avudaiappan Siva , Jasmin S. Sahaya , Romero Lenin Miguel Bendezu , Awoyera Paul O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the earthquake-resistant design of overhead tanks, this research dealt with the determination of the response reduction factor applicable to overhead water tanks performing beyond the elastic limit. Eight existing water tanks were selected for the investigation and 127 ground accelerations due to 10 Indian earthquakes were selected. The magnitude of the earthquakes selected ranges from 4.5 to 7.2. Initially, 10.16 million nonlinear dynamic data of response reduction factor had been produced using Newmark’s β method by varying parameters. From the results obtained, multi-linear regression analysis was made to arrive at the empirical formula relating the parameters and it was found that ductility factor was the most significant factor among others such as damping ratio, pre-post stiffness ratio, natural period, and soil types, in influencing response reduction factor. Eventually, It is concluded that the values of the response reduction factor to be adopted in the dynamic analysis of Overhead water tanks should be based on the desired value of the ductility factor.
Exploring the chemical properties and microstructural characterisations of hybrid asphalt binders for enhanced performance
Authors: Mior Sani Wan Noor Hin , Jaya Ramadhansyah Putra , Masri Khairil Azman , Saptaji Kushendarsyah , Dulaimi Anmar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractApproximately 3 billion metric tonnes of garbage involving industrial and agricultural waste is expected to be generated by 2030, posing a significant environmental hazard. Notably, recycling or reusing asphalt modification components (palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust) in pavement construction encounter ongoing challenges. This study comprehensively assessed the chemical characteristics and microstructure analysis of individual wastes and various hybrid asphalt binder and mixtures incorporated with these components. The mixture consisted of asphalt grade 60/70 blended with varying amounts (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) of POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were also employed to examine the chemical compositions of the raw waste materials. Meanwhile, the microstructure properties of various hybrid asphalt binder mixtures were analysed utilising Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Consequently, this study presented that the correlation between the 6% POFA, 6% garnet waste, and 6% sawdust substantially impacted the chemical composition and morphology of the mixture. The findings of this study demonstrated that including POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust in a hybrid asphalt binder and mixture could enhance performance and engineering properties.
Not so simple: evaluating consequences validity evidence for a workplace-based assessment in surgery
Authors: Zhao Nina W. , Haddock Lindsey M. , O’Brien Bridget C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Workplace-based assessments (WBAs) of trainee operative skills are widely used in surgical education as formative assessments to facilitate feedback for learning, but the evidence to support this purpose is mixed. Further evaluation of the consequences of assessment use and score interpretation is needed to understand if there is alignment between the intended and actual impacts of assessment. This study examines consequences validity evidence for an operative WBA, exploring whether WBA use is consistent with the goals of formative assessment for learning.

Methods
Eight residents and 9 faculty within the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery at a tertiary institution completed semi-structured interviews after participating in a pilot of a surgical WBA, the System for Improving and Measuring Procedural Learning in the OR (SIMPL OR). Residents received feedback from attendings via both scores (performance and autonomy ratings) and recorded dictations. Interview questions explored faculty and resident perceptions of feedback behaviors and perceived impacts on their teaching or learning practices. Three researchers analyzed transcripts using directed qualitative content analysis to generate themes and evaluated how the perceived impacts aligned with formative purposes for assessment and score use.

Results
Both faculty and residents identified intended impacts of formative assessment, including (1) greater emphasis on feedback, (2) support for a postoperative feedback routine, and (3) facilitation of case-specific reflection. Residents also used score and verbal feedback for (1) calibrating case perceptions and (2) benchmarking performance to an external standard. The recorded dictations supported feedback by (1) providing context for ratings, (2) facilitating review of dictated feedback, and (3) prompting faculty for deliberate feedback. Unintended impacts included: (1) emotional discomfort during the assessment process, (2) increased feedback frequency but not diversity or quality, (3) inadequate support for feedback conversations, and (4) limited next steps for teaching or learning. Assessment usage declined over the pilot period.

Conclusions
The validity evidence gathered in this study suggests an operative WBA can be used for formative purposes to improve perceptions of feedback, but unintended consequences and implementation challenges limited ultimate impacts on teaching and learning. User perspectives can add important elements to consequences validity evidence and should be further evaluated in different implementation settings to better understand how WBAs can achieve their formative goals.
Structure and complexation mechanism of aqueous Zn(II)-acetate complex studied by XAFS and Raman spectroscopies
Authors: Munoz-Noval Alvaro , Fukami Kazuhiro , Kuruma Takuya , Hayakawa Shinjiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, the structure of Zn acetate has been determined by a combination of X-ray absorption fine structure and Raman spectroscopy. We have analyzed the local atomic environment and the main vibrational bands of the acetate and Zn acetate at different pH. The results suggest that Zn acetate complex acquires a bidentate structure that modifies its first coordination shell. Meanwhile, the coordination shell of the hydrated Zn cation is formed by 6 hydroxides at a mean distance of 2.06 Å, the coordination shell of the Zn cation in the complex is formed by 2 hydroxides and 2 oxygens from the carboxyl group of the acetate, at a mean Zn–O distance of 1.96 Å. The structure of the Zn acetate complex is compared to those of Zn malonate and Zn citrate, none of which present a reduction in the coordination shell neither a shrinkage of the Zn–O shell distance.
Graphical abstract
Breaking barriers in trauma research: A narrative review of opportunities to leverage veterinary trauma for accelerated translation to clinical solutions for pets and people
Authors: Hall Kelly E. , Tucker Claire , Dunn Julie A. , Webb Tracy , Watts Sarah A. , Kirkman Emrys , Guillaumin Julien , Hoareau Guillaume L. , Pidcoke Heather F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Trauma is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and companion animals. Recent efforts in procedural development, training, quality systems, data collection, and research have positively impacted patient outcomes; however, significant unmet need still exists. Coordinated efforts by collaborative, translational, multidisciplinary teams to advance trauma care and improve outcomes have the potential to benefit both human and veterinary patient populations. Strategic use of veterinary clinical trials informed by expertise along the research spectrum (i.e., benchtop discovery, applied science and engineering, large laboratory animal models, clinical veterinary studies, and human randomized trials) can lead to increased therapeutic options for animals while accelerating and enhancing translation by providing early data to reduce the cost and the risk of failed human clinical trials. Active topics of collaboration across the translational continuum include advancements in resuscitation (including austere environments), acute traumatic coagulopathy, trauma-induced coagulopathy, traumatic brain injury, systems biology, and trauma immunology. Mechanisms to improve funding and support innovative team science approaches to current problems in trauma care can accelerate needed, sustainable, and impactful progress in the field. This review article summarizes our current understanding of veterinary and human trauma, thereby identifying knowledge gaps and opportunities for collaborative, translational research to improve multispecies outcomes. This translational trauma group of MDs, PhDs, and DVMs posit that a common understanding of injury patterns and resulting cellular dysregulation in humans and companion animals has the potential to accelerate translation of research findings into clinical solutions.