bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of 13 patients with perforated gastric carcinoma: A surgeon's nightmare?
Authors: Kotan Cetin , Sumer Aziz , Baser Murat , Kızıltan Remzi , Carparlar M Ali 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Perforation is a rare complication of gastric carcinoma and generally not diagnosed preoperatively. To clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with this condition we reviewed 13 cases of gastric cancer perforation who required emergency surgery.

Methods
A total of 13 patients with gastric cancer perforation were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological features including tumor stage and survival and also the type of treatment were analyzed and compared to literature data.

Results
There were 13 patients (10 males and 3 females) with a mean age of 59.0 ± 9.56 years. The incidence of perforated gastric cancer was 9.6% among gastric carcinoma and 4.2% of all gastric perforation cases. The perforation was more frequently in stage III–IV (2–10), but one case of stage II (T3N0M0) gastric cancer was also observed. None of the patients had curative resection or radical lymph-node dissection. Six (46%) patients were treated by palliative, local surgery. Emergency gastrectomy were performed in 7 (54%) patients. Overall 30-day mortality rate was % 46. The overall survival time was 128.2 ± 184.8 days for all patients, it was 52.8 ± 52.9 days for locally treated group, and 192.9 ± 235.4 days for patients who underwent resectional surgery. The difference between the treatment groups was not significant

Conclusion
Perforation usually occurs in advanced stages of gastric cancer. These patients had a poor prognosis because of the presence of advanced cancer.
Disruption of the homeostatic balance between autoaggressive (CD4+CD40+) and regulatory (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) T cells promotes diabetes
Authors: Waid Dan M , Vaitaitis Gisela M , Pennock Nathan D , Wagner David H 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAlthough regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well described, identifying autoaggressive effector T cells has proven more difficult. However, we identified CD4loCD40+ (Th40) cells as being necessary and sufficient for diabetes in the NOD mouse model. Importantly, these cells are present in pancreata of prediabetic and diabetic NOD mice, and Th40 cells but not CD4+CD40– T cells transfer progressive insulitis and diabetes to NOD.scid recipients. Nonobese-resistant (NOR) mice have the identical T cell developmental background as NOD mice, yet they are diabetes-resistant. The seminal issue is how NOR mice remain tolerant to diabetogenic self-antigens. We show here that autoaggressive T cells develop in NOR mice and are confined to the Th40 subset. However, NOR mice maintain Treg numbers equivalent to their Th40 numbers. NOD mice have statistically equal numbers of CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3+intrinsic Tregs compared with NOR or nonautoimmune BALB/c mice, and NOD Tregs are equally as suppressive as NOR Tregs. A critical difference is that NOD mice develop expanded numbers of Th40 cells. We suggest that a determinant factor for autoimmunity includes the Th40:Treg ratio. Mechanistically, NOD Th40 cells have low susceptibility to Fas-induced cell death and unlike cells from NOR and BALB/c mice, have predominantly low Fas expression. CD40 engagement of Th40 cells induces Fas expression but further confers resistance to Fas-mediated cell death in NOD mice. A second fundamental difference is that NOD Th40 cells undergo much more rapid homeostatic expansion than Th40 cells from NOR mice.
Long-term exercise training decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: effect of the −174G/C variant in IL-6 gene
Authors: Oberbach Andreas , Lehmann Stefanie , Kirsch Katharina , Krist Joanna , Sonnabend Melanie , Linke Axel , Tönjes Anke , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Kovacs Peter 
Published: May 2008

ObjectiveExercise training has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type 2 diabetes. Changes in interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentrations in response to training could contribute to these beneficial effects. However, there are heterogeneous data on whether circulating IL-6 is altered by exercise training. We therefore hypothesize that genetic factors modify the individual changes in IL-6 levels after long-term training.Research design and methodsThe −174G/C variant in the IL-6 gene was genotyped in 60 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. For a 12-month interventional study, patients were randomized into three groups: a control group (n=16) was compared with one group, which underwent a standardized training program (n=24) and another group, which was treated with 4 mg rosiglitazone once daily (n=20). At baseline, after 1, 6, and 12 months, we measured anthropometric parameters and serum concentration of IL-6 and, at baseline and after 12 months, we determined glucose tolerance and fitness level.ResultsOnly in subjects carrying the SNP −174C allele did long-term exercise training result in significantly reduced IL-6 serum concentrations. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified the IL-6 genotype as a significant predictor of changes in IL-6 serum concentrations independent of age, gender and improvement in body mass index, hemoglobin (Hb)A1c, and fitness level in response to training.ConclusionsGenetic variants in the IL-6 gene significantly modify changes in IL-6 serum concentrations in response to long-term exercise training programs. Our data suggest that genetic factors are important determinants for the individual response to anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training.
Implication of Genetic Variants Near TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, IGF2BP2, and FTO in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in 6,719 Asians
Authors: Ng Maggie C.Y. , Park Kyong Soo , Oh Bermseok , Tam Claudia H.T. , Cho Young Min , Shin Hyoung Doo , Lam Vincent K.L. , Ma Ronald C.W. , So Wing Yee , Cho Yoon Shin , Kim Hyung-Lae , Lee Hong Kyu , Chan Juliana C.N. , Cho Nam H. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE— Recent genome-wide association studies have identified six novel genes for type 2 diabetes and obesity and confirmed TCF7L2 as the major type 2 diabetes gene to date in Europeans. However, the implications of these genes in Asians are unclear.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We studied 13 associated single nucleotide polymorphisms from these genes in 3,041 patients with type 2 diabetes and 3,678 control subjects of Asian ancestry from Hong Kong and Korea.
RESULTS— We confirmed the associations of TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, IGF2BP2, and FTO with risk for type 2 diabetes, with odds ratios ranging from 1.13 to 1.35 (1.3 × 10−12 &lt; Punadjusted &lt; 0.016). In addition, the A allele of rs8050136 at FTO was associated with increased BMI in the control subjects (Punadjusted = 0.008). However, we did not observe significant association of any genetic variants with surrogate measures of insulin secretion or insulin sensitivity indexes in a subset of 2,662 control subjects. Compared with subjects carrying zero, one, or two risk alleles, each additional risk allele was associated with 17% increased risk, and there was an up to 3.3-fold increased risk for type 2 diabetes in those carrying eight or more risk alleles. Despite most of the effect sizes being similar between Asians and Europeans in the meta-analyses, the ethnic differences in risk allele frequencies in most of these genes lead to variable attributable risks in these two populations.
CONCLUSIONS— Our findings support the important but differential contribution of these genetic variants to type 2 diabetes and obesity in Asians compared with Europeans.
PANIC-ATTAC: A Mouse Model for Inducible and Reversible β-Cell Ablation
Authors: Wang Zhao V. , Mu James , Schraw Todd D. , Gautron Laurent , Elmquist Joel K. , Zhang Bei B. , Brownlee Michael , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—Islet transplantations have been performed clinically, but their practical applications are limited. An extensive effort has been made toward the identification of pancreatic β-cell stem cells that has yielded many insights to date, yet targeted reconstitution of β-cell mass remains elusive. Here, we present a mouse model for inducible and reversible ablation of pancreatic β-cells named the PANIC-ATTAC (pancreatic islet β-cell apoptosis through targeted activation of caspase 8) mouse.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We efficiently induce β-cell death through apoptosis and concomitant hyperglycemia by administration of a chemical dimerizer to the transgenic mice. In contrast to animals administered streptozotocin, the diabetes phenotype and β-cell loss are fully reversible in the PANIC-ATTAC mice, and we find significant β-cell recovery with normalization of glucose levels after 2 months.
RESULTS—The rate of recovery can be enhanced by various pharmacological interventions with agents acting on the glucagon-like peptide 1 axis and agonists of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ. During recovery, we find an increased population of GLUT2+/insulin− cells in the islets of PANIC-ATTAC mice, which may represent a novel pool of potential β-cell precursors.
CONCLUSIONS—The PANIC-ATTAC mouse may be used as an animal model of inducible and reversible β-cell ablation and therefore has applications in many areas of diabetes research that include identification of β-cell precursors, evaluation of glucotoxicity effects in diabetes, and examination of pharmacological interventions.
Relationship of Abdominal Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue With Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sam Susan , Haffner Steven , Davidson Michael H. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Feinstein Steven , Kondos George , Perez Alfonso , Mazzone Theodore 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with an atherogenic lipoprotein profile. We examined the role of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots, independent of BMI, on the dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— A total of 382 subjects with type 2 diabetes underwent abdominal computed tomography to evaluate subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) distribution and had anthropometric measurements to determine BMI and waist and hip circumference. Fasting blood was obtained for lipoprotein particle number and size using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relationship of lipoprotein particle number and size with BMI, SAT, and VAT was examined using multivariable regression models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes therapy, duration of diabetes, smoking, statin use, and A1C levels. The relation of VAT to lipoprotein particle number and size was further evaluated after the addition of BMI, BMI plus SAT, or BMI plus homeostatis is model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) to the model.
RESULTS—VAT was positively related to VLDL particle number (P &lt; 0.0001), LDL particle number (P &lt; 0.01), and VLDL size (P &lt; 0.0001) and negatively related to LDL size (P &lt; 0.0001) and HDL size (P &lt; 0.0001). These relationships remained unchanged after addition of BMI and SAT to the model. After addition of HOMA-IR, VAT remained positively related to VLDL particle number (P &lt; 0.0001) and size (P &lt; 0.01) and negatively related to LDL and HDL particle size (P &lt; 0.0001 for both comparisons). Neither BMI nor SAT was independently related to lipoprotein parameters.
CONCLUSIONS—In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher VAT independent of BMI was associated with higher VLDL and LDL particle number, larger VLDL particles, and smaller LDL and HDL particles. This lipoprotein pattern has been associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
Analysis of hull resistance of pushed barges in shallow water
Authors: Tabaczek Tomasz , Kulczyk Jan , Zawiślak Maciej 
Published: May 2008

Analysis of hull resistance of pushed barges in shallow water
These authors performed a set of numerical calculations of water flow around pushed barges differing to each other by bow forms. The calculations were executed by means of FLUENT computer software. Turbulent free-surface flow of viscous liquid was considered. In this paper the calculated values of barge hull resistance split into bow, cylindrical and stern part components, have been compared and presented.
Stiffness characteristics and thermal deformations of the frame of high power marine engine
Authors: Murawski Lech , Szmyt Marek 
Published: May 2008

Stiffness characteristics and thermal deformations of the frame of high power marine engine
In the subject-matter literature detail data on stiffness of the crankshaft foundation connected with the frame of marine main engine are still lacking. Thermal deformation models of the engine's casing, proposed by engine producers, are excessively simplified. However the parameters are crucial for the shaft-line alignment analysis as well as for the analysis of interactions between the shaft-line and engine crankshaft, especially in the case of high power engines. This paper presents a determination method of the marine engine body characteristics as well as results of example computations performed for a Sulzer 7 RTA 84 C engine installed on a ~3000 TEU container ship. It has been demonstrated that the producer's assumption about parallel displacement of the crankshaft axis in thermal working conditions is too rough. The thermal deformation of the engine is of hogging character, which results in significant change of the moment load exerted on the crankshaft and shaft line. The stiffness parameters recommended by the producers for the shaft-line alignment are estimated correctly, however they represent only engine's body flexibility, without taking into account ship's hull flexibility.
Usefulness assessment of standard measuring instruments installed on sea-going ships to perform energy measurements
Authors: Górski Zygmunt , Cwilewicz Romuald 
Published: May 2008

Usefulness assessment of standard measuring instruments installed on sea-going ships to perform energy measurements
The presented work is a contribution to discussion on usefulness of application of measurement instrumentation used on sea-going ships for energy measurement and scientific research purposes. Contemporary sea-going ships are equipped as a rule with up-to-date measurement instrumentation usually based on electronic data processing and computer technique. These authors have made many times use of such instruments in their research work. This way it was not necessary to install any special instruments, that significantly reduced measurement cost. In such cases to obtain a sufficient accuracy of measurements constitutes a crucial problem. In this paper was presented an analysis of measurement errors of some operational parameters of ship and its main propulsion system, elaborated within the frame of the KBN research project no. 9 T12D 033 17. Results of the analysis confirm usefulness of the standard measurement instrumentation installed on ships, and its sufficient accuracy.
Manoeuvring forces on azimuthing podded propulsor model
Authors: Reichel Maciej 
Published: May 2008

Manoeuvring forces on azimuthing podded propulsor model
This paper presents the preliminary part of comprehensive manoeuvring open-water tests of a gas carrier model. The paper focuses on open water experiments with an azimuthing podded propulsor. The test program was carried out in the cavitation tunnel and the large towing tank of Ship Hydromechanics Division, Ship Design and Research Centre, Gdańsk. The pod was tested as a pushing unit with a 161.3 mm diameter propeller. Steering forces were measured in the range of advance coefficient from 0.0 to 0.8 combined with the range of deflection angles from -45° up to +45°. Measurements on the pod without propeller were also performed. The experiment results are presented in the form of non-dimensional coefficients in function of advance coefficient and deflection angle. Analysis of the experimental results and the conclusions are presented.
On the fatigue-critical amplitude of random-amplitude stress
Authors: Kolenda Janusz 
Published: May 2008

On the fatigue-critical amplitude of random-amplitude stress
Uniaxial non-zero mean stress of constant circular frequency in the high-cycle fatigue regime is considered. It is assumed that equation of the S-N curve and modified Soderberg equation are applicable. For constant-amplitude stress, the fatigue-critical stress amplitude is defined as that which leads to failure during the required design life. For random-amplitude stress, expected values of the fatigue-critical stress amplitude and total fatigue damage accumulated during the required design life are estimated. It is found that the probability of fatigue failure is equal to the probability of exceedance of the fatigue-critical stress amplitude. As an example, for stationary random stress the equivalent random-amplitude stress and probability of fatigue failure are determined.
Application of movable approximation and wavelet decomposition to smoothing-out procedure of ship engine indicator diagrams
Authors: Polanowski Stanisław 
Published: May 2008

Application of movable approximation and wavelet decomposition to smoothing-out procedure of ship engine indicator diagrams
In this paper - on the basis of indicator diagram processing taken as an example - were shown possibilities of the smoothing-out and decomposing of run disturbances with the use of the movable multiple approximation based on the least squares criterion. The notion was defined of movable approximating object and constraints used to form approximation features. It was demonstrated that the multiple approximation can be used to decompose disturbances out of an analyzed run. The obtained smoothing-out results were compared with those obtained from full-interval approximation of runs by means of splines as well as wavelet decomposition with using various wavelets, Wavelet Explorer and Mathematica software. Smoothing-out quality was assessed by comparing runs of first derivatives which play crucial role in the advanced processing of indicator diagrams.
Calculation of the mean long-term service speed of transport ship: Part III Influence of shipping route and ship parameters on its service speed
Authors: Szelangiewicz Tadeusz , Żelazny Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Calculation of the mean long-term service speed of transport ship: Part III Influence of shipping route and ship parameters on its service speed
Service speed obtainable by a ship in real weather conditions when sailing on a given shipping route, is one of the major parameters which have great impact on ship operation costs. The so far used, very approximate method of service speed prediction based on "service margin", is very little exact. In this paper a new method based on additional ship resistance dependent on mean statistical parameters of wave and wind occurring on a given shipping route, is presented. The mean long-term service speed is calculated on the basis of the calculated additional resistance and the screw propeller and propulsion engine parameters. Also, a new definition of service margin and a way of its calculation is presented apart from the results of the mean service speed calculation depending on ship's type and size and shipping route.
The catamarans George and Energa Solar
Authors: Duda Dariusz , Litwin Wojciech 
Published: May 2008

The catamarans George and Energa Solar
Since a few years students of the Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, have designed and built untypical floating units. Until last year their efforts were focused mainly on leg-driven boats. The boats of interesting design have taken part in yearly competitions: the International Waterbike Regatta. Their advanced design made it possible to compete with the best boats from Croatia, Holland, Germany, Turkey and Italy. Recently the students have designed and built a solar-energy-driven boat. It is the catamaran Energa Solar which took part in a prestigious regatta: the Frisian Nuon Solar Challenge carried out in Holland in summer 2006.
Dynamic interaction of the cavitating propeller tip vortex with the rudder
Authors: Szantyr Jan 
Published: May 2008

Dynamic interaction of the cavitating propeller tip vortex with the rudderThe hydrodynamic interaction between the ship propeller and the rudder has many aspects. One of the most interesting is the interaction between the cavitating tip vortex shed from the propeller blades and the rudder. This interaction leads to strongly dynamic behaviour of the cavitating vortex, which in turn generates unusually high pressure pulses in its vicinity. Possibly accurate prediction of these pulses is one of the most important problems in the hydrodynamic design of a new ship. The paper presents a relatively simple computational model of the propeller cavitating tip vortex behaviour close to the rudder leading edge. The model is based on the traditional Rankine vortex and on the potential solution of the dynamics of the cylindrical sections of the cavitating kernel passing through the strongly variable pressure field in the vicinity of the rudder leading edge. The model reproduces numerically the experimentally observed process of initial compression of the vortex kernel in the high pressure region near the stagnation point at the rudder leading edge and subsequent explosive growth of the kernel in the low pressure region further downstream. Numerical simulation of this process enables computation of the additional pressure pulses generated due to this phenomenon and transmitted onto the hull surface. This new numerical model of the cavitating tip vortex is incorporated in the modified unsteady lifting surface program for prediction of propeller cavitation, which has been successfully used in the process of propeller design for several years and which recently has been extended to include the effects of propeller — rudder interaction. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental measurements and they demonstrate reasonable agreement between theory and physical reality.
The effect of blade thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties of ship's sand-cast propeller
Authors: Piaseczny Leszek , Rogowski Krzysztof 
Published: May 2008

The effect of blade thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties of ship's sand-cast propeller
The microstructure and resultant mechanical properties of the MM55 manganese brass applied to ship sand - cast propeller were investigated in relation to the propeller blade section thickness. It was stated that the increase of blade section thickness from 15 mm to 45 mm resulted in the increase of the volume fraction of α-phase by 5.3% and that of κ-phase by 23.7%, the decrease of the volume fraction of α-phase by 2.9%, the 0.2% proof stress R0.2 by 11.3%, the ultimate tensile strength Rm by 5.5% and the 5.65 √Soelongation A5 by 16.8%.
Mean long-term service parameters of transport ship propulsion system: Part II Propulsion engine service parameters of transport ship sailing on a given shipping route
Authors: Szelangiewicz Tadeusz , Żelazny Katarzyna 
Published: May 2008

Mean long-term service parameters of transport ship propulsion system: Part II Propulsion engine service parameters of transport ship sailing on a given shipping route
During ship sailing on a given shipping route in real weather conditions all propulsion system performance parameters of the ship change along with changes of instantaneous total resistance and speed of the ship. In this paper results of calculations are presented of distribution function and mean statistical values of screw propeller thrust, rotational speed and efficiency as well as propulsion engine power output and specific fuel oil consumption occurring on selected shipping routes. On this basis new guidelines for ship propulsion system design procedure are formulated.