bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing Similar Semantics Inside CNNs: An Interpretable Concept-Based Comparison of Feature Spaces
Authors: Mikriukov Georgii , Schwalbe Gesina , Hellert Christian , Bade Korinna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Safety-critical applications require transparency in artificial intelligence (AI) components, but widely used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) widely used for perception tasks lack inherent interpretability. Hence, insights into what CNNs have learned are primarily based on performance metrics, because these allow, e.g., for cross-architecture CNN comparison. However, these neglect how knowledge is stored inside. To tackle this yet unsolved problem, our work proposes two methods for estimating the layer-wise similarity between semantic information inside CNN latent spaces. These allow insights into both the flow and likeness of semantic information within CNN layers, and into the degree of their similarity between different network architectures. As a basis, we use two renowned explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques, which are used to obtain concept activation vectors, i.e., global vector representations in the latent space. These are compared with respect to their activation on test inputs. When applied to three diverse object detectors and two datasets, our methods reveal that (1) similar semantic concepts are learned regardless of the CNN architecture, and (2) similar concepts emerge in similar relative layer depth, independent of the total number of layers. Finally, our approach poses a promising step towards semantic model comparability and comprehension of how different CNNs process semantic information.
Conclusions, Next Steps and a Call to Action
Authors: Gibson Hannah , Lück Jacqueline , Riedel Kristina , Namboodiripad Savithry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter constitutes a conclusion to the book as a whole. It highlights patterns and insights that emerge from the data on which our study is based, as well as the broader context in which the work is situated. This chapter considers ongoing issues related to African languages in higher education, including the erasure of African languages, as well as the power of African languages and their role in movements for change. The chapter reminds us that racist assumptions which still underlie the study of African languages need to be rooted out and addressed in instructional contexts. This includes the erasure and/or absence of African languages from university spaces, including classrooms and curricula. However, the necessity and impact of such actions in the classroom will also necessarily vary according to context. It concludes with a call for continued action and a warning that true decolonisation must go beyond theory, and must instead be enacted and practised in order to ensure meaningful and lasting change.
Clairvoyance and Commotion: The Making of a Lay Prophetess in the Era of the German Revivalist Movement
Authors: Sawicki Diethard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Between 1836 and 1844 the case of Sara Gayer, who was said to be clairvoyant while in magnetic sleep, caused a sensation in her parish and the wider public of the German Kingdom of Württemberg. The documents filed by the authorities, and the printed statements by supporters and adversaries, make it possible to reconstruct in detail the course of events as well as the different interests and interpretations regarding the “Seeress of Großglattbach” during these years. The contribution explores the different facets of contemporary perceptions of Sara: her roles as a clairvoyant in her parish, as a case of somnambulism for the physicians, as a lay prophetess for an adherent of Swedenborg, as a quack to the pastor and the secular authorities. Though Sara and her family were in dialogue with these protagonists, the power of interpretation was mainly on the latters’ side. However, without the support and protection of an educated Swedenborgian, Sara and her family would not have come into a position to develop their roles and influence actively the course of events for several years. As a conclusion, it is proposed that Sara's act of self-empowerment was to focus on her supposed ability to gather medical counsel from the spirit world and improve her economic position by offering this as a service until she could leave her role as a seeress behind and start a new life in the neighbouring state of Baden.
Einleitung
Authors: Klatt Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Welche Formen und Funktionen hat das Erzählen des eigenen Todes? Wird dem fiktionalen oder dem faktualen Erzählen zugesprochen, die uneigentliche Todeswirklichkeit greifbar machen zu können? – In der Einleitung werden diese Forschungsfragen anhand von zwei Textbeispielen aufgeworfen, die sich an den Rändern der Narrativität beziehungsweise Faktizität bewegen. Arthur W. Frank schreibt (nach seinen Memoiren) einen wissenschaftlichen Text, den er als Verarbeitungsleistung deklariert, und Édouard Levé bereitet seinen Suizid in der Fiktion vor und hinterlässt statt eines autobiographischen Abschiedsbriefs einen fiktionalen Erzähltext. Die Bandbreite des Erzählens in der Konfrontation mit dem eigenen Tod legt ein weites Korpus sowie eine interdisziplinäre Öffnung für psychologische Fragestellungen nahe.
Thanatologisches Erzählen aus diachroner und komparatistischer Perspektive
Authors: Klatt Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Im historischen Teil dieser Studie wird die Entwicklung der Textsorte ‚Sterbeerzählung‘ schlaglichtartig beleuchtet. Die fiktionalen Texte Der letzte Tag eines Verurteilten (1829) von Victor Hugo und Der Tod des Iwan Iljitsch (1886) von Leo Tolstoi nehmen in der Herausbildung der literarischen Sterbeerzählung im 19. Jahrhundert eine Schlüsselrolle ein. Die autobiographische Literarisierung von Sterben und Tod wird in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts durch medizinische und gesellschaftspolitische Diskursveränderungen populär. Da sich die autobiographischen Erzählmuster ähneln und zum Klischee werden, bleibt auch im 21. Jahrhundert die Fiktion der Motor für die literarische Weiterentwicklung der Textsorte Sterbeerzählung.
Konzepte und Begriffe für eine thanatologische Erzählanalyse
Authors: Klatt Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Im konzeptionellen Teil dieser Studie werden die Begriffe und Konzepte der Erzähltheorie, Fiktionstheorie, Psychologie und Philosophie eingeführt und diskutiert, die ich für die thanatologische Erzählanalyse für dienlich halte. Es wird umrissen, was Erzählen ist, wie sich Fiktionalität und Faktualität definieren lassen, was es für Bewältigungsmechanismen und Erzählfunktionen gibt und zuletzt die philosophische Frage nach der Eigentlichkeit und der Erfahrbarkeit des eigenen Todes gestellt.
Demographic Trends, Employment and Diversification in Brunei Darussalam: An International Perspective
Authors: Jetin Bruno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks at the growing mismatch between the labour force and employment in Brunei Darussalam and the policies that could lead to a better fit. The discussion is conducted from an international perspective to better understand the problems common to countries abundant in natural resources and the specificities of Brunei. Section 4.2 starts with an analysis of the demographic trends which shows that the labour force will peak around 2030 and decline slowly afterwards. Unemployment will get less severe in the long term. However, the total dependency rate will become more acute, which raises the issue of financing the social cost of an ageing population. In Sect. 4.3, we describe the highly segmented job structure that has been shaped by the Bruneian growth regime and the social context it has created. We look at unemployment and underutilisation of the labour force and show that labour market segmentation is one of their root causes. Section 4.4 is dedicated to a second driver of unemployment: the lack of diversification of the economy, despite the long-standing efforts of the Brunei government. We conclude with a discussion of the policies that could be adopted to contribute to better diversification of the economy that turns its small size into the basis for a new sustainable growth regime.
Examining Brunei Darussalam’s Exports amid Developments in Global Value Chains
Authors: Lumba Angelo Jose B. , Mariasingham Mahinthan Joseph , Gupta Arushi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In recent years, the architecture of production has developed into a vast network of interconnected processes known as global value chains (GVCs). Under this configuration, tasks and activities involved in producing goods and services are shared among participating businesses, making entry into complex production processes more feasible for certain economies. This chapter explores the evolution of Brunei Darussalam’s participation in GVCs through a comprehensive analysis rooted in the input–output framework. Through an exhaustive decomposition of gross exports at the sectoral level using the Asian Development Bank’s multiregional input–output database, the study reveals that the heavy reliance of Brunei on the oil and gas industry for international trade has led to limitations in its position within GVCs. While the short-term trade balance is likely to benefit from global oil price increases amid post-COVID pandemic recovery and geopolitical events, such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Brunei faces an imminent need for economic structural transformation. The intrinsic volatility of oil prices and the exhaustion of reserves necessitate diversification efforts to sustain long-term economic growth and stability.
Pressure-assisted isolation of micro- and nanoplastics from food of animal origin with special emphasis on seafood
Authors: Süssmann Julia , Walz Elke , Hetzer Birgit , Greiner Ralf , Fischer Elke Kerstin , Rohn Sascha , Fritsche Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent studies have indicated the presence of micro- and nanoplastics in food of animal origin. To address the concerns regarding human dietary plastic uptake, extensive monitoring using validated analytical methods is required. However, a major challenge in analysis lies in the high complexity of preparing food samples rich in macromolecular content (e.g., proteins, complex lipids), such as seafood. Consequently, this study aimed to optimise sample preparation methods for seafood, meat, milk, honey, and eggs, ensuring negligible impact on plastic integrity. Sample matrices were digested using combinations of alkaline, oxidative, and enzymatic approaches, with incubation periods ranging from 6 to 16 h. Particles were rapidly isolated by pressure-assisted filtration, which retained particles in the lower micron range. This method, used for isolating microplastic from food, was compared to the commonly employed vacuum filtration technique. Pressure-assisted filtration improved filtration rates and matrix removal while demonstrating comparable impact on procedural contamination and polymer integrity to vacuum filtration. The feasibility of microplastic analysis was demonstrated using fluorescence imaging. In contrast to microplastics, nanoplastics (< 1 µm) have greater potential for negative biological effects due to their small size, warranting detailed analysis. However, their low particle mass, susceptibility for agglomeration, and the detection limits of conventional spectroscopic techniques pose unique analytical challenges. Addressing these challenges is essential for developing standardised methodologies, including certified food reference material, to enable safety assessments of micro- and nanoplastic in food.

Graphical Abstract
Competitive secretary problem
Authors: McGrath Tom , Schröder Marc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider a competitive variant of the secretary problem. We study a two-stage game in which, in the first stage, the employer uses a very simple but natural hiring rule: interview a fixed number of applicants that are all rejected and accept the first applicant that is better than any of the previously seen applicants and, in the second stage, a strategic applicant chooses the position in which to be interviewed. The goal of the employer is to maximise the probability of selecting the best applicant and the goal of the applicant is to maximise the probability of being hired. We study two different scenarios. In the first scenario, the strategic applicant is known to the employer and in the second scenario, the strategic applicant is unknown and chosen uniformly at random. For both scenarios, we compute the set of subgame perfect equilibria.
Out-of-equilibrium and intangible assets
Authors: Antonelli Cristiano , Orsatti Gianluca , Pialli Guido 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The new evidence provided by the codification of intangible assets in national accounts and firm statistics provides the opportunity to test the Schumpeterian creative response hypothesis according to which (i) the generation and exploitation of knowledge are characterized by high levels of risk, (ii) firms in equilibrium are reluctant to undertake risky activities, (iii) the farther away from equilibrium conditions, the stronger the firm’s willingness to introduce innovation, (iv) the creative response effect is heterogeneous across firm size, age, and industry technological content. Empirical evidence for publicly listed companies in the US during 1977–2016 confirms a U-shaped relationship between out-of-equilibrium performance and intangible intensity growth. Moreover, we estimate a deeper U-shaped relationship between performance and growth in intangibles intensity for small and young firms and, on average, for firms in high-tech industries. Our results are robust to different econometric tests performed on alternative samples. An original instrumental variable strategy further strengthens the validity of our results. We conclude that the firm creative response is an out-of-equilibrium phenomenon, stronger in the case of disappointing performances and sharper for small, young, and high-tech firms.
Molecular modelling and experimental validation of mangiferin and its related compounds as quorum sensing modulators of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Nortje Nicolas Quinn , Aribisala Jamiu Olaseni , Pillay Charlene , Sabiu Saheed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The LasR quorum sensing system regulates the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multi-drug resistant pathogen. Mangiferin and related compounds have been found to modulate this system as determined by in silico and in vitro experimental procedures. ZINCPharmer was used to compile a library of over 1000 metabolites that were screened to the top five based on shared pharmacophores and drug-like properties with mangiferin. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (140 ns) showed that ZINC E (− 55.64 ± 2.93 kcal/mol) and ZINC D (− 54.51 ± 2.82 kcal/mol) had significantly lower binding free energy compared to mangiferin-LasR (− 42.24 ± 3.94 kcal/mol) and the reference standard (azithromycin-LasR (− 40.01 ± 6.15 kcal/mol). ZINC D (95.16%) competed favorably with mangiferin (95.77%) as potential QS modulators at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations relative to ZINC E (85.07%) and azithromycin (85.79%). These observations suggest mangiferin and related lead compounds as potential drug candidates for P. aeruginosa infection management.
Time to choose: impact of intertrial interval on selecting between methamphetamine and food reinforcement in male and female rats
Authors: Stocco Marlaina R. , Purpura Mari , Vieira Philip A. , Wallquist Kira , Wang Sijia , Adams Julia , Szumlinski Karen K. , Kippin Tod E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Rationale
A central component of substance use disorder is the maladaptive choice of the drug over natural reinforcers. Compared to other drugs of abuse, methamphetamine (METH) choice has received limited study.

Objective
We sought to characterize the role of intertrial interval on METH choice behavior.

Methods
We examined the choice of METH versus food, across multiple METH doses (0.05–0.2 mg/kg/infusion), between male and female rats, employing a fixed ratio (FR1) reinforcement schedule with intertrial intervals (ITIs) of 20 and 600 s. Rats learned to lever-press for either the METH or the food reinforcer during separate, alternating training sessions. Rats then underwent choice testing, where both levers were presented for 25 discreet trials per session. Lastly, under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule, breakpoints for METH and food were assessed during separate, alternating sessions.

Results
METH choice was substantially higher when using the 20 s versus 600 s ITI. When the 20 s ITI was used, choice was dose- but not sex-dependent. When using the 600 s ITI, choice was influenced by dose and sex, with female rats in the higher dose group choosing METH more than other groups. PR breakpoints were higher for METH than for food, and this effect was more pronounced among female rats. METH choice was positively correlated with the ratio of METH/food breakpoints.

Conclusion
Reinforcement schedule parameters, namely ITI, during discrete choice testing can markedly influence METH choice behavior; thus, this should be carefully considered during experiment design and selected based on overarching study aims.
Improving accuracy of SUV estimates in paediatric oncology: Recommending against the use of body weight corrected SUV in [18F]FDG PET
Authors: de Vries Isabelle S. A. , Lodema Silke , Braat Arthur J. A. T. , Merks Johannes H. M. , van Rooij Rob , de Keizer Bart 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Few studies have assessed body weight dependency of Standardised Uptake Value (SUV) formulations in paediatric patients. This study aims to compare different SUV formulations measured in reference tissues in paediatric patients and determine which correction method shows the least dependency on body weight.

Methods
A single-centre, retrospective analysis of [18F]FDG PET/CT scans was performed. SUV measurements were taken from liver and blood pool using EARL1 reconstructions. SUV measurements were corrected for body weight (SUVBW), lean body mass (LBM) according to James (SUVLBMJames) and Janmahasatian (SUVLBMJanma), and body surface area (BSA) according to DuBois (SUVBSADuBois) and Haycock (SUVBSAHaycock). The coefficient of determination (r2) was used to assess the correlation between SUV and body weight.

Results
In total, 461 scans were analysed, including 185 (40%) from female patients. The median age of patients was 12 years (IQR 8–15.5 years). SUVBW exhibited the strongest correlation with body weight, with r2 = 0.65 for the liver and r2 = 0.50 for the blood pool. In contrast, SUVBSADuBois and SUVBSAHaycock had the weakest correlation, with r2 = 0.09 for the liver and r2 = 0.06 for the blood pool. SUVLBMJames and SUVLBMJanma had moderate correlations, with r2 = 0.51 and r2 = 0.44 for the liver and blood pool, respectively, and r2 = 0.47 and r2 = 0.42, respectively.

Conclusion
In paediatric [18F]FDG PET/CT scans, SUVBW should be avoided due to elevating values in heavier patients. SUVBSA presents the least dependency on body weight and provides the most consistent assessments of metabolic activity.
A cross-sectional survey on health care professionals’ approaches, challenges, and support needs when addressing life threat with recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and with their relatives
Authors: Pralong Anne , Simon Steffen T. , Holtick Udo , Reimer Alinda , Schoerger Berenike , Kaur Sukhvir , Weliwitage Jithmi , Hellmich Martin , Hallek Michael , Scheid Christof , Voltz Raymond , Herling Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Patients treated with an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) face a significant mortality risk, which might trigger existential distress. We aimed to investigate how hematology health care professionals (HCPs) address life-threatening conditions with allo-SCT recipients and their relatives, and what are challenging and supportive aspects. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey, assessing: (1) HCPs’ approaches to address life threat, using a self-developed questionnaire with 19 items categorized in four dimensions (proactive, cautious, reactive, avoiding), (2) challenges/support needs, using self-developed multiple-choice questions, and (3) personal attitudes towards death (Death Acceptance subscale of the Life Attitude Profile-Revised; Death Attitude Profile-Revised). Statistics included association, regression and exploratory factor analysis. We included 104 participants (52 physicians, 45 nurses, 7 psycho-oncologists) from the settings of SCT, general hematology and intensive care. Physicians predominantly addressed life threat proactively, while nurses tended to raise the topic when prompted by patients or a clinical worsening. Overall, 10% of HCPs stated to avoid the topic, even in case of a high risk of death. HCPs’ approaches correlated weakly with their attitudes towards death. A main challenge was to talk with patients/relatives repressing the risk of death (72%). More time resources for these conversations (71%), and mentoring by palliative-care specialists (67%) or psycho-oncologists (65%) were the most frequent support needs. This comprehensive survey reveals strong differences between professions in addressing life threat, and possible influence from personal death attitudes. Further confirmatory research in larger samples is needed to tailor communication trainings on life threat in multi-professional teams. Registration:German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00027290, date of registration: 2022-01-10.
A theoretical and computational study of heteroclinic cycles in Lotka–Volterra systems
Authors: Bortolan M. C. , Kalita P. , Langa J. A. , Moura R. O. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In general, global attractors are composed of isolated invariant sets and the connections between them. This structure can possibly be highly complex, encompassing attraction basins, repeller sets and invariant sets that, collectively, form a dynamical landscape. Lotka–Volterra systems have long been pivotal as preliminary models for dynamics in complex networks exhibiting pairwise interactions. In scenarios involving Volterra–Lyapunov (VL) stable matrices, the dynamics is simplified in such a way that the positive solutions converge to a single, globally asymptotically stable stationary point as time tends to infinity, thereby excluding the existence of periodic solutions. In this work, we conduct a systematic study on the emergence of heteroclinic cycles within Lotka–Volterra systems characterized by Volterra–Lyapunov stable matrices. Although VL stability of the matrix implies that

$$\omega $$

ω

-limit sets of solutions are always stationary points, our analysis of

$$\alpha $$

α

-limit sets reveals finite sets of stationary points interconnected by global trajectories, forming structures referred to as heteroclinic cycles. Our findings indicate that even within the framework of VL stable matrices, such structures are more prevalent than previously thought in literature, driven by the interplay between the symmetric and antisymmetric components of the model matrix. This understanding also reinforces our comprehension of the classical three-dimensional May–Leonard model, which is known to be the unique case exhibiting heteroclinic cycle within the VL framework in dimension three, while also pointing to a surprising richness in the dynamics of these structures in higher dimensions.