bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bijection for tuples of commuting permutations and a log-concavity conjecture
Authors: Abdesselam Abdelmalek , Brunialti Pedro , Doan Tristan , Velie Philip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet$$A(\ell ,n,k)$$A(ℓ,n,k)denote the number of$$\ell $$ℓ-tuples of commuting permutations ofnelements whose permutation action results in exactlykorbits or connected components. We provide a new proof of an explicit formula for$$A(\ell ,n,k)$$A(ℓ,n,k)which is essentially due to Bryan and Fulman, in their work on orbifold higher equivariant Euler characteristics. Our proof is self-contained, elementary, and relies on the construction of an explicit bijection, in order to perform the$$\ell +1\rightarrow \ell $$ℓ+1→ℓreduction. We also investigate a conjecture by the first author, regarding the log-concavity of$$A(\ell ,n,k)$$A(ℓ,n,k)with respect tok. The conjecture generalizes a previous one by Heim and Neuhauser related to the Nekrasov-Okounkov formula.
Epistemic integration and social segregation of AI in neuroscience
Authors: Fontaine Sylvain , Gargiulo Floriana , Dubois Michel , Tubaro Paola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows a spectacular ability of insertion inside a variety of disciplines which use it for scientific advancements and which sometimes improve it for their conceptual and methodological needs. According to the transverse science framework originally conceived by Shinn and Joerges, AI can be seen as an instrument which is progressively acquiring a universal character through its diffusion across science. In this paper we address empirically one aspect of this diffusion, namely the penetration of AI into a specific field of research. Taking neuroscience as a case study, we conduct a scientometric analysis of the development of AI in this field. We especially study the temporal egocentric citation network around the articles included in this literature, their represented journals and their authors linked together by a temporal collaboration network. We find that AI is driving the constitution of a particular disciplinary ecosystem in neuroscience which is distinct from other subfields, and which is gathering atypical scientific profiles who are coming from neuroscience or outside it. Moreover we observe that this AI community in neuroscience is socially confined in a specific subspace of the neuroscience collaboration network, which also publishes in a small set of dedicated journals that are mostly active in AI research. According to these results, the diffusion of AI in a discipline such as neuroscience didn’t really challenge its disciplinary orientations but rather induced the constitution of a dedicated socio-cognitive environment inside this field.
Detection of Serrated Adenoma in NBI Based on Multi-Scale Sub-Pixel Convolution
Authors: Xu Jiading , Tao Shuheng , Ma Chiye 
Published: April 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer ranks third in global malignancy incidence, and serrated adenoma is a precursor to colon cancer. However, current studies primarily focus on polyp detection, neglecting the crucial discrimination of polyp nature, hindering effective cancer prevention. This study established a static image dataset for serrated adenoma (SA) and developed a deep learning SA detection model. The proposed MSSDet (Multi-Scale Sub-pixel Detection) innovatively modifies each layer of the original feature pyramid’s structure to retain high-resolution polyp features. Additionally, feature fusion and optimization modules were incorporated to enhance multi-scale information utilization, leveraging the narrow-band imaging endoscope’s ability to provide clearer colonoscopy capillary and texture images. This paper utilized 639 cases of colonic NBI endoscopic images to construct the model, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 86.3% for SA in the test set. The SA detection rate via this approach has significantly surpassed conventional object detection methods.
Pre-rotation Only at Inference-Stage: A Way to Rotation Invariance of Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Fan Yue , Zhang Peng , Han Jingqi , Liu Dandan , Tang Jinsong , Zhang Guoping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe popular convolutional neural networks (CNN) require data augmentation to achieve rotation invariance. We propose an alternative mechanism, Pre-Rotation Only at Inference stage (PROAI), to make CNN rotation invariant. The overall idea is to learn how the human brain observe images. At the training stage, PROAI trains a CNN with a small number using images only at one orientation. At the inference stage, PROAI introduces a pre-rotation operation to rotate each test image into its all-possible orientations and calculate classification scores using the trained CNN with a small number of parameters. The maximum of these classification scores is able to simultaneously estimate both the category and the orientation of each test image. The specific benefits of PROAI have been experimented on rotated image recognition tasks. The results shows that PROAI improves both the classification and orientation estimation performance while greatly reduced the numbers of parameters and the training time. Codes and datasets are publicly available at https://github.com/automlresearch/FRPRF.
Maximal subgroups of a family of iterated monodromy groups
Authors: Rajeev Karthika , Thillaisundaram Anitha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Basilica group is a well-known 2-generated weakly branch, but not branch, group acting on the binary rooted tree. Recently, a more general form of the Basilica group has been investigated by Petschick and Rajeev, which is an
$s$
-generated weakly branch, but not branch, group that acts on the
$m$
-adic tree, for
$s,m\ge 2$
. A larger family of groups, which contains these generalised Basilica groups, is the family of iterated monodromy groups. With the new developments by Francoeur, the study of the existence of maximal subgroups of infinite index has been extended from branch groups to weakly branch groups. Here we show that a subfamily of iterated monodromy groups, which more closely resemble the generalised Basilica groups, have maximal subgroups only of finite index.
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline alters learning from aversive reinforcements in patients with depression: evidence from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Malamud Jolanda , Lewis Gemma , Moutoussis Michael , Duffy Larisa , Bone Jessica , Srinivasan Ramya , Lewis Glyn , Huys Quentin J. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are first-line pharmacological treatments for depression and anxiety. However, little is known about how pharmacological action is related to cognitive and affective processes. Here, we examine whether specific reinforcement learning processes mediate the treatment effects of SSRIs.MethodsThe PANDA trial was a multicentre, double-blind, randomized clinical trial in UK primary care comparing the SSRI sertraline with placebo for depression and anxiety. Participants (N = 655) performed an affective Go/NoGo task three times during the trial and computational models were used to infer reinforcement learning processes.ResultsThere was poor task performance: only 54% of the task runs were informative, with more informative task runs in the placebo than in the active group. There was no evidence for the preregistered hypothesis that Pavlovian inhibition was affected by sertraline. Exploratory analyses revealed that in the sertraline group, early increases in Pavlovian inhibition were associated with improvements in depression after 12 weeks. Furthermore, sertraline increased how fast participants learned from losses and faster learning from losses was associated with more severe generalized anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate a relationship between aversive reinforcement learning mechanisms and aspects of depression, anxiety, and SSRI treatment, but these relationships did not align with the initial hypotheses. Poor task performance limits the interpretability and likely generalizability of the findings, and highlights the critical importance of developing acceptable and reliable tasks for use in clinical studies.FundingThis article presents research supported by NIHR Program Grants for Applied Research (RP-PG-0610-10048), the NIHR BRC, and UCL, with additional support from IMPRS COMP2PSYCH (JM, QH) and a Wellcome Trust grant (QH).
An approximation algorithm for the -prize-collecting multicut problem in trees with submodular penalties
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Li Weidong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet
$T=(V,E)$
be a tree in which each edge is assigned a cost; let
$\mathcal{P}$
be a set of source–sink pairs of vertices in V in which each source–sink pair produces a profit. Given a lower bound K for the profit, the K-prize-collecting multicut problem in trees with submodular penalties is to determine a partial multicut
$M\subseteq E$
such that the total profit of the disconnected pairs after removing M from T is at least K, and the total cost of edges in M plus the penalty of the set of still-connected pairs is minimized, where the penalty is determined by a nondecreasing submodular function. Based on the primal-dual scheme, we present a combinatorial polynomial-time algorithm by carefully increasing the penalty. In the theoretical analysis, we prove that the approximation factor of the proposed algorithm is
$(\frac{8}{3}+\frac{4}{3}\kappa+\varepsilon)$
, where
$\kappa$
is the total curvature of the submodular function and
$\varepsilon$
is any fixed positive number. Experiments reveal that the objective value of the solutions generated by the proposed algorithm is less than 130% compared with that of the optimal value in most cases.
DETECTING MOISTURE IN BAUXITE USING MICROWAVES
Authors: PAEA LATA I. , PAEA SIONE , MCGUINNESS MARK J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMathematical modelling of microwaves travelling through bauxite ore provides a way to compute moisture content in the free space transmission method given data on signal attenuation, phase shift and variable bauxite depth. We extend a recently developed four-layer model that uses coupled ordinary differential wave equations for the electric field together with continuity boundary conditions at interfaces between ore, air and antenna to find a solution that incorporates multiple internal reflections in ore and air. The model provides good fits to data, depending on ore permittivity and conductivity.Our extensions are to use effective medium models to obtain electromagnetic properties of the ore mixture from moisture content and to incorporate the damping effects of scattering from the ore surface. Our model leads to a formula for the received signal showing how signal strengths SS and phase shifts depend on the moisture content of the bauxite ore, through the effects of moisture on permittivity and conductivity. We show that SS may be noninvertible, indicating that attenuation data alone cannot be used to infer moisture content. Combining with phase data typically corrects the noninvertibility. Reducing the operating frequency dramatically improves the usefulness of signal strength data for inferring moisture content.
ON THE DISTINCTION OF IWAHORI-SPHERICAL DISCRETE SERIES REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: Broussous Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet
$E/F$
be a quadratic unramified extension of non-archimedean local fields and
$\mathbb H$
a simply connected semisimple algebraic group defined and split over F. We establish general results (multiplicities, test vectors) on
${\mathbb H} (F)$
-distinguished Iwahori-spherical representations of
${\mathbb H} (E)$
. For discrete series Iwahori-spherical representations of
${\mathbb H} (E)$
, we prove a numerical criterion of
${\mathbb H} (F)$
-distinction. As an application, we classify the
${\mathbb H} (F)$
-distinguished discrete series representations of
${\mathbb H} (E)$
corresponding to degree
$1$
characters of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra.
Of date palms and dialogue: Enhancing the protection of the natural environment under international humanitarian law and Islamic law
Authors: Al-Dawoody Ahmed , Thynne Kelisiana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConflict-related environmental damage remains a huge challenge. This article provides a brief overview of international humanitarian law (IHL) rules that protect the natural environment in armed conflict and notes some convergences with the rules developed by classical Islamic jurists (those who lived from the seventh century up to the last quarter of the nineteenth century) affording protection to the natural environment. Today, a significant number of International Committee of the Red Cross operations take place in Muslim-majority countries, and some Muslim interlocutors, in particular Islamic non-State armed groups, use Islamic law as their normative framework. For better respect for IHL in relevant Muslim-majority States or territories, considering an Islamic legal approach to the protection of the natural environment alongside IHL would allow the parties to conflicts in such countries to better understand their obligations and should enhance the protection of the natural environment in armed conflict.
Large Amplitude Whistler Waves in Earth's Plasmasphere and Plasmaspheric Plumes
Authors: Shen Xiao‐Chen , Li Wen , Ma Qianli , Qin Murong , Capannolo Luisa , Hanzelka Miroslav , Huang Sheng , Chu Xiangning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhistler mode waves in the plasmasphere and plumes drive significant losses of energetic electrons from the Earth's radiation belts into the upper atmosphere. In this study, we conducted a survey of amplitude‐dependent whistler wave properties and analyzed their associated background plasma conditions and electron fluxes in the plasmasphere and plumes. Our findings indicate that extremely large amplitude (>400 pT) whistler waves (a) tend to occur at L > 4 over the midnight‐dawn‐noon sectors and have small wave normal angles; (b) are more likely to occur during active geomagnetic conditions associated with higher fluxes of anisotropic electrons at 10 s keV energies; and (c) tend to occur at higher latitudes up to 20° with increasing amplitude. These results suggest that extremely large amplitude whistler waves in the plasmasphere and plumes could be generated locally by injected electrons during substorms and further amplified when propagating to higher latitudes.
Comment on “Momentum and Energy Predict the Backwater Rise Generated by a Large Wood Jam” by Follett, E., Schalko, I. and Nepf, H.
Authors: Poppema Daan W. , Wüthrich Davide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFollett et al. (2020a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089346) developed an analytical model to predict backwater rise by log jams, using the size and packing density of logs and the jam length, as well as river slope and bed roughness. We show that the model formulas can be rewritten using the Froude number instead of river slope and roughness, thus improving their applicability in engineering practice. The equation terms and results of Follett et al. (2020a, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089346) are found to be similar to those of the empirically derived formula by Schalko et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943‐7900.0001501). However, some differences are identified, calling for further study. Most notably, these distinctions pertain to the effect of accumulation porosity, with additional minor differences in the exponent of the Froude number. Lastly, model implications for some broader applications are explored, showing a methodology to calculate the representative log size for log mixtures, and the expected effect of log orientation on backwater rise.
Enhanced Aerosol Mass in the Tropical Tropopause Layer Linked to Ozone Abundance
Authors: Liu Shang , Thornberry Troy D. , Yu Pengfei , Woods Sarah , Rosenlof Karen H. , Gao Ru‐Shan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAerosol particles play a critical role in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) through cloud formation and heterogeneous chemistry, influencing the radiative and chemical balance of the stratosphere. However, aerosol measurements in the TTL are sparse, resulting in poor knowledge of aerosol abundance and distribution in this important region. Here, we present in situ aircraft measurements over the western tropical Pacific, revealing a persistent and altitude‐dependent enhancement of aerosol mass in the TTL compared to the convectively influenced troposphere below. Notably, our data demonstrate a striking positive correlation between aerosol mass and ozone. Model simulations suggest that organic materials constitute a substantial fraction of the total aerosol mass within the TTL. We further derived an empirical parameterization of TTL aerosol mass as a function of ozone based on their linear relationship. This framework holds potential for estimating the TTL aerosol abundance but requires further validation and refinement through future measurements.
Investigating the Interaction Between Transboundary Haze and Planetary Boundary Layer in Singapore
Authors: Huang T. , Fang T. , Feng L. , Leong C. Y. , Yim S. H. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransboundary air pollution is one of the critical environmental problems in Southeast Asia; nevertheless the interaction between transboundary haze and local planetary boundary layer (PBL) remains unclear due to a lack of sufficient observations and sophisticated simulations. This study applied LiDAR observations and model simulations to comprehensively evaluate the interaction between transboundary haze and local PBL during a recent transboundary haze episode in Singapore in October 2023. Results show that upper‐level southeasterly wind, especially the nocturnal low‐level jet, created favorable conditions for aerosol transport when fire hotspot numbers increased in Indonesia. The rapid diurnal increase in PBL height facilitated the entrainment of upper‐level haze into the PBL, interacting with ground‐level aerosols through turbulent mixing. Model simulations further show the significant contributions of fire emissions to the transboundary haze episode in maritime Southeast Asia. The impacts extended toward the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia, driven by the persistent prevailing southeasterly wind.
Carbonate U‐Pb Ages Constrain Paleocene Motion Along the Altyn Tagh Fault in Response to the India‐Asia Collision
Authors: Yi Kexin , Cheng Feng , Jolivet Marc , Li Jiaming , Guo Zhaojie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe kinematics and deformation pattern along the Altyn Tagh fault (ATF), one of the largest strike‐slip faults on Earth is of great significance for understanding the growth of the Tibetan Plateau. However, the initial rupture along the ATF remains debated given the limited constraints on the depositional age of associated Cenozoic syntectonic strata. Here we investigated the syntectonic Cenozoic strata in the Xorkol Basin, associated with the strike‐slip faulting along the ATF. New uranium‐lead analyses of the carbonate deposits in the Paleogene strata yield dates of 58.9 ± 1.29 Ma, representing the initial rupture of the ATF. This first documented radioisotopic age coincides with the ca. 60 Ma onset timing of India‐Asia collision, highlighting its far‐field effect at the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. We infer that the deformation of the entire Tibetan Plateau started synchronously with the India‐Asia collision.
Apparent Aging and Rejuvenation of Terrestrial Organic Carbon Along the River‐Estuary‐Coastal Ocean Continuum
Authors: Yu Meng , Eglinton Timothy I. , Hou Pengfei , Haghipour Negar , Zhang Hailong , Wang Zicheng , Zhao Meixun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe fates of terrestrial organic carbon (OCterr) during fluvial transport from land to ocean are still not well constrained. This study systematically examines the evolution and dynamics of OCterr along the river‐estuary‐coastal ocean continuum in three fluvial systems discharging to the Chinese marginal seas. The 14C‐depleted characteristics of bulk OC and molecular components of riverine suspended sediments and marine sediments suggest that the Chinese marginal seas are a significant sink of pre‐aged OCterr. Our study reveals significant apparent aging of OCterr within estuaries, likely due to degradation of (younger) labile components, and apparent rejuvenation of OCterr in shelf systems, likely reflecting inputs of younger OCterr from proximal sources along the sediment dispersal pathway. The aging and rejuvenation of OCterr along the river‐ocean continuum confounds the use of plant wax lipid 14C to constrain lateral transport times, and sheds light on more complex OCterr dynamics in marginal seas.
Role of Crack Interaction on Shear Localization in Porous Granular Rocks Deformed in the Brittle and Ductile Fields
Authors: Kanaya Taka , Hirth Greg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCrack interactions leading to shear localization were quantified using microstructural analysis for brittle faults and high‐temperature ductile faults formed during experiments on quartz sandstone. In both faulting regimes, the nucleation of macroscopic faults results from the interactions of microfractures at two length scales in ensemble. Brittle faults nucleate when the longest mesoscale shear fractures and transgranular tensile cracks critically interact. In contrast, ductile faults nucleate when the longest mesoscale shear fractures and multi‐grain scale intergranular shear cracks critically interact. For both faulting regimes, we conclude the interaction and coalescence of the longest mesoscale shear fractures is the fundamental process responsible for fault nucleation. Hence, mesoscale shear fractures, which accommodate the majority of axial strain prior to shear localization in both faulting regimes, also serve as the nucleus of macroscopic faults. Locally, the growth of the mesoscale shear fractures is promoted by the interaction and coalescence of the multi‐grain scale cracks in both faulting regimes. We hypothesize that attainment of a critical microstructure for shear localization (i.e., local clustering of the longest microfractures) requires a characteristic amount of plastic axial strain, which depends on deformation conditions. In brittle faulting, distributed microfracturing is confined within limited regions of the rock volume, which expedites crack clustering and fault nucleation at low characteristic strains. In ductile faulting, distributed microfracturing occurs more uniformly throughout the rock volume, delaying shear localization to high characteristic strains. Accurate prediction of shear localization requires models that describe crack interactions of the largest flaws that account for crack clustering.