bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight monitoring of breastfed babies in the United Kingdom – interpreting, explaining and intervening
Authors: Sachs Magda , Dykes Fiona , Carter Bernie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWeighing infants in their first 6 months is an important aspect of growth monitoring and a common activity of child health care services worldwide. During the same 6 months, support for establishing breastfeeding and the promotion of continued exclusive breastfeeding are important activities of health professionals. Parents and health professionals may perceive conflicts between achieving both robust growth and continuing breastfeeding. In this narrative review, the literature on weighing breastfed babies in the United Kingdom is examined. A companion paper examined issues of growth charts, scales and weighing frequency and accuracy. This paper considers issues of interpretation of the plotted weight values for individual breastfed babies, noting the complexities of growth patterns, which may lead to difficulties of accurate identification of those individuals whose growth merits further investigation. Little attention has been given to issues of explaining the interpreted growth curves to parents and this issue is explored and noted as of importance for further study. Research evidence on choosing appropriate interventions to improve the growth of breastfed babies is reviewed. The paucity of such evidence leads to suggestions for future study. This review gathers together a wide range of literature from many different perspectives, with the hope of informing weight monitoring practice so that this can both identify infants whose weight may be of concern, and who may need appropriate intervention, and support continued breastfeeding.
Mother's reactions to a skills‐based breastfeeding promotion intervention
Authors: Memmott Margaret M. , Bonuck Karen A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe interviewed women who participated in a breast‐feeding promotion intervention study about whether and how participation affected their infant feeding choices, and if they would recommend such an intervention to others. The larger study, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an individualized, pre‐ and post‐natal lactation consultant (LC) intervention, enrolled 382 low‐income primarily Black and Hispanic women in New York City. Twenty‐one women completed qualitative exit interviews for this study (11 from the Intervention group and 10 Controls). Several of the Controls stated that the post‐partum study interviews were a source of support, and made them more conscious of how they fed their infant. The Intervention Group was asked about contacts with the study ‘Mother–Baby specialist’ (i.e. LC), including what was and wasn’t helpful. The Intervention Group participants described the Mother–Baby Specialist as key in their decision to initiate and maintain breastfeeding. They credit her direct skills and positive reinforcement with their confidence and perseverance to breastfeed. The success of the intervention is attributed to technical assistance from a trained lactation consultant within the context of a relationship built on encouragement, guidance and support.
The effect of a silver‐containing Hydrofiber® dressing on superficial wound bed and bacterial balance of chronic wounds
Authors: Pat Coutts  , Gary Sibbald R 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe treatment of chronic wounds represents a major cost to society and has a profound effect on the participant's quality of life. Chronic wounds may have an increased bacterial burden that can impair healing without all the clinical signs of infection. Silver dressings may provide an alternative topical method to control bacterial burden. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical improvement in chronic wounds through the effect on wound size, maceration, resolution of surface slough and conversion to healthy granulation during a 4‐week application of the silver‐containing Hydrofiber® dressing. This was a single centre, open‐label case series study which included a total of 30 evaluable participants: four with diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers, 13 venous stasis ulcers, four pressure ulcers and nine miscellaneous wounds that did not fit any of the previous categories. All participants had adequate vascular supply, indicating the potential to heal. The wounds were stalled or had the signs and symptoms consistent with critical colonisation. The underlying cause of the ulceration was identified and corrected, or the symptoms and signs were treated. This was followed by the application of silver‐containing Hydrofiber® dressings for a period of 4 weeks. The majority of wounds treated decreased in size (70%) with decreased exudate, decreased purulence and resolution of surface slough (75%). There was an increased quality and quantity of healthy granulation tissue. Unlike some silver dressings, the Hydrofiber® and silver combination dressing was unlikely to cause burning and stinging on application. Peri‐wound maceration was present in 54% of participants at baseline, and 85% of these resolved with this dressing. A desloughing action was seen in those patients with pre‐existing slough at baseline and its removal will lower the bacterial burden of the wound.
Extending the limits of fingertip composite grafting with moist‐exposed dressing
Authors: Son Daegu , Han Kihwan , Chang David W 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe introduced the concept of moist wound healing to extend the limits of fingertip composite grafting. In this retrospective study, we assessed the success of fingertip composite grafting with moist‐exposed ointment dressing, which has been shown to maintain adequate moisture for optimal healing by frequent ointment application without the need for a secondary overlying dressing. We reviewed the outcome of composite graft replacement of 60 amputated fingertips in 56 consecutive patients over a period of 3 years and 3 months. Forty‐two fingertips had survived completely and 18 had failed. Twelve of 15 fingers among patients younger than 15 years of age and 30 of 45 fingers among those 16 years of age and older had survived completely. We believe that our use of antibiotic ointment to maintain a moist environment was an important factor in improving the survival of composite grafts.
Nursing Diagnoses and Interventions of Japanese Patients with End‐Stage Breast Cancer Admitted for Different Care Purposes
Authors: Ogasawara Chie , Hasegawa Tomoko , Kume Yasuko , Takahashi Ilkuyo , Katayama Yukari , Furuhashi Yoko , Andoh Masayo , Yamamoto Yuko , Okazaki Sumiko , Tanabe Michiko 
Published: December 2005

PURPOSE.  To clarify actual nursing diagnoses for and interventions given to patients with end‐stage breast cancer admitted for different care purposes. METHODS.  Nursing diagnoses, defining characteristics, related/risk factors, and nursing interventions were analyzed in a convenience sample of 150 patient records. FINDINGS.  A total of 539 nursing diagnoses (96 labels) were documented. Frequently listed diagnoses were chronic pain, risk for infection, and activity intolerance. The most frequently used nursing diagnosis for the chemotherapy group was risk for infection. The nurses in this study rarely report any diagnoses related to death and dying.CONCLUSIONS.  Nursing diagnoses and interventions differed depending on the purpose of admission. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Oncology nurses need to consider the reasons for admission when making nursing diagnoses and interventions for patients with end‐stage breast cancer.
The effect of potato variety mixtures on epidemics of late blight in relation to plot size and level of resistance
Authors: Phillips S.L. , Shaw M.W. , Wolfe M.S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPotatoes of a number of varieties of contrasting levels of resistance were planted in pure or mixed stands in four experiments over 3 years. Three experiments compared the late blight severity and progress in mixtures with that in pure stands. Disease on susceptible or moderately resistant varieties typical of those in commercial use was similar in mixtures and pure stands. In 2 of 3 years, there were slight reductions on cv. Sante, which is moderately susceptible, in mixture with cv. Cara, which is moderately resistant. Cara was unaffected by this mixture. Mixtures of an immune or near‐immune partner with Cara or Sante substantially reduced disease on the latter. The effect of the size of plots of individual varieties or mixtures on blight severity was compared in two experiments. Larger plots had a greater area under the disease progress curve, but the average rate of disease progress was greater in smaller plots; this may be because most disease progress took place later, under more favourable conditions, in the smaller plots. In one experiment, two planting densities were used. Density had no effect on disease and did not interact with mixture effects. The overall conclusion is that, while mixtures of potato varieties may be desirable for other reasons, they do not offer any improvement on the average of the disease resistance of the components.
Can strenuous leisure time physical activity prevent psychological complaints in a working population?
Authors: Bernaards C M , Jans M P , van den Heuvel S G , Hendriksen I J , Houtman I L , Bongers P M 
Published: December 2005

Aims:To investigate the longitudinal relation between strenuous leisure time physical activity and psychological complaints (depression and emotional exhaustion) in a Dutch working population in order to find evidence for the preventive role of physical activity in the development of psychological complaints.Methods:All data came from the Study on Musculoskeletal disorders, Absenteeism, Stress, and Health (SMASH), a three year follow up study that started between 1994 and 1995. The study population consisted of 1747 workers from 34 companies. Generalised estimating equation (GEE) analyses were performed to investigate the longitudinal relation between strenuous leisure time physical activity and psychological complaints using models with and without a time lag. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study the relation between physical activity and sickness absence due to psychological complaints during the three year follow up study.Results:Only in workers with a sedentary job was strenuous leisure time physical activity (1–2 times per week) significantly associated with a reduced risk of future depression and emotional exhaustion. This was not the case for physical activity at higher frequencies (⩾3 times per week). There was a dose-response relation between strenuous leisure time physical activity and poor general health which was strongest in workers with a sedentary job. Strenuous leisure time physical activity (1–2 times per week) was associated with a lower risk of long term absenteeism (>21 days), whereas physical activity at a higher frequency was not.Conclusions:Results suggest that strenuous leisure time physical activity might play a role in the prevention of future psychological complaints, poor general health, and long term absenteeism in a working population. Workers with a sedentary job seem to benefit more from strenuous leisure time physical activity than workers without a sedentary job.
Occupation and malignant lymphoma: a population based case control study in Germany
Authors: Mester B , Nieters A , Deeg E , Elsner G , Becker N , Seidler A 
Published: December 2005

Aims:To identify occupations suspected to be associated with malignant lymphoma and to generate new hypotheses about occupational risks in a multicentre, population based case control study.Methods:Male and female patients with malignant lymphoma (n = 710) aged 18–80 years of age were prospectively recruited in six study regions in Germany. For each newly recruited lymphoma case, a sex, region, and age matched control was drawn from the population registers. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for major occupations and industries were calculated using conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for smoking (in pack-years) and alcohol consumption. Patients with specific lymphoma subentities were additionally compared with the entire control group using unconditional logistic regression analysis.Results:The following economic/industrial sectors were positively associated with lymphoma: food products, beverages, tobacco; paper products, publishing and printing; and metals. Chemicals; real estate, renting, and business activities were negatively associated with lymphoma diagnosis. The authors observed an increased overall lymphoma risk among architects; maids; farmers; glass formers; and construction workers. Shoemaking and leather goods making was negatively associated with the lymphoma diagnosis (although based on small numbers). In the occupational group analysis of lymphoma subentities, Hodgkin’s lymphoma was significantly associated only with rubber and plastic products making; diffuse large B cell lymphoma risk was considerably increased among metal processors; follicular lymphoma showed highly significant risk increases for several occupational groups (medical, dental, and veterinary workers; sales workers; machinery fitters; and electrical fitters); and multiple myeloma showed a particularly pronounced risk increase for farmers as well as for agriculture and animal husbandry workers.Conclusions:The results partly confirm previously defined occupational risks. Occupational risk factors for follicular lymphomas might differ from the overall risk factors for malignant lymphoma.
DISCOVERY OF HIGHLY DIFFERENTIATIVE GENE GROUPS FROM MICROARRAY GENE EXPRESSION DATA USING THE GENE CLUB APPROACH
Authors: MAO SHIHONG , DONG GUOZHU 
Published: December 2005

Motivation: It is commonly believed that suitable analysis of microarray gene expression profile data can lead to better understanding of diseases, and better ways to diagnose and treat diseases. To achieve those goals, it is of interest to discover the gene interaction networks, and perhaps even pathways, underlying given diseases from such data. In this paper, we consider methods for efficiently discovering highly differentiative gene groups (HDGG), which may provide insights on gene interaction networks. HDGGs are groups of genes which completely or nearly completely characterize the diseased or normal tissues. Discovering HDGGs is challenging, due to the high dimensionality of the data.Results: Our methods are based on the novel concept of gene clubs. A gene club consists of a set of genes having high potential to be interactive with each other. The methods can (i) efficiently discover signature HDGGs which completely characterize the diseased and the normal tissues respectively, (ii) find strongest or near strongest HDGGs containing any given gene, and (iii) find much stronger HDGGs than previous methods. As part of the experimental evaluation, the methods are applied to colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancer, and leukemia and so on. Some of the genes in the extracted signature HDGGs have known biological functions, and some have attracted little attention in biology and medicine. We hope that appropriate study on them can lead to medical breakthroughs. Some HDGGs for colon and prostate cancers are listed here. The website listed below contains HDGGs for the other cancers.Availability: HDGG is implemented in C++ and runs on Unix or Windows platform. The code is available at: .
Aberrant Transcription from an Unrelated Promoter Can Result in MDR-1 Expression following Drug Selection In vitro and in Relapsed Lymphoma Samples
Authors: Mickley Huff Lyn , Wang Zheng , Iglesias Angel , Fojo Tito , Lee Jong-Seok 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The development of drug resistance in the treatment of cancer remains a major problem. The hallmark of multidrug resistance is cross-resistance to multiple structurally unrelated compounds. The MDR-1 gene encoding P-glycoprotein mediates one of the most extensively studied mechanisms of drug resistance. Previous studies led to the proposal that two promoters control expression of the MDR-1 gene, and these were designated the upstream and downstream promoters. In the present article, we provide evidence that transcripts originating from the putative upstream promoter of MDR-1 are in fact aberrant transcripts whose expression is regulated by nearby genomic sequences that include a human endogenous retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). Expression of this LTR occurs in all cells. We show that following drug selection, especially in cases where gene amplification has occurred, MDR-1 transcripts can begin near this retroviral LTR with transcription proceeding in the direction opposite of the usual LTR transcription. Because expression of these aberrant MDR-1 transcripts (AMT) is found primarily in drug-resistant cell lines, we conclude that the development of drug resistance or the attendant drug exposure might have a role in the activation of this phenomenon or the selection of cells expressing AMTs. Demonstration of similar aberrant transcripts in tumor samples obtained from patients with relapsed lymphoma suggests that this phenomenon may also occur clinically. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11694-703)
Interleukin-13–regulated M2 Macrophages in Combination with Myeloid Suppressor Cells Block Immune Surveillance against Metastasis
Authors: Sinha Pratima , Clements Virginia K. , Ostrand-Rosenberg Suzanne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCD1-deficient mice reject established, disseminated 4T1 metastatic mammary cancer and survive indefinitely if their primary mammary tumors are surgically removed. This highly effective immune surveillance is due to three interacting mechanisms: (a) the generation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)–producing M1 macrophages that are tumoricidal for 4T1 tumor cells; (b) a rapid decrease in myeloid-derived Gr1+CD11b+ suppressor cells that are elevated and down-regulate the CD3ζ chain when primary tumor is present and that suppress T cells by producing arginase; and (c) production of activated lymphocytes. Macrophages from wild-type BALB/c mice are polarized by interleukin-13 (IL-13) towards a tumor-promoting M2 phenotype, thereby inhibiting the generation of tumoricidal M1 macrophages. In contrast, CD1−/− mice, which are deficient for IL-13 because they lack IL-13–producting NKT cells, generate M1 macrophages that are cytotoxic for 4T1 via the production of nitric oxide. Although tumoricidal macrophages are a necessary component of immune surveillance in CD1−/− mice, they alone are not sufficient for tumor resistance because IL-4Rα−/− mice have M1 macrophages and retain high levels of myeloid suppressor cells after surgery; in addition, they are susceptible to 4T1 metastatic disease. These results show that effective immune surveillance against established metastatic disease is negatively regulated by IL-13 and requires the induction of tumoricidal M1 macrophages and lymphocytes combined with a reduction in tumor-induced myeloid suppressor cells. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11743-51)
Leukemogenic MLL Fusion Proteins Bind across a Broad Region of the Hox a9 Locus, Promoting Transcription and Multiple Histone Modifications
Authors: Milne Thomas A. , Martin Mary Ellen , Brock Hugh W. , Slany Robert K. , Hess Jay L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Chromosome translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL are associated with aggressive acute leukemias in both children and adults. Leukemogenic MLL fusion proteins delete the MLL SET domain Lys4 methyltransferase activity and fuse MLL to 1 of &gt;40 different translocation partners. Some MLL fusion proteins involve nuclear proteins that are transcriptional activators, whereas others have transcriptional activating activity but instead dimerize the truncated MLL molecule. Both types of MLL fusion proteins enforce persistent expression of Hox a9 and Meis1, which is pivotal for leukemogenesis through mechanisms that remain obscure. Here, we show that nuclear and dimerizable forms of MLL bind with a similar pattern to the Hox a9 locus that overlaps the distribution of wild-type MLL and deregulate transcription of three isoforms of Hox a9. Induction of MLL fusion protein activity is associated with increased levels of histone acetylation and Lys4 methylation at Hox target genes. In addition, the MLL-ENL-ER protein, but not dimerized MLL, also induces dimethylation of histone H3 at Lys79, suggesting alternative mechanisms for transcriptional activation. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11367-374)
Stepwise Neoplastic Transformation of a Telomerase Immortalized Fibroblast Cell Line
Authors: Zongaro Samantha , de Stanchina Elisa , Colombo Tina , D'Incalci Maurizio , Giulotto Elena , Mondello Chiara 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
We have described recently a human fibroblast cell line immortalized through ectopic telomerase expression (cen3tel), in which the extension of the life span was associated with the appearance of chromosomal aberrations and with the ability to grow in the absence of solid support. As reported in this article, on further propagation in culture, cen3tel cells became neoplastically transformed, being able to form tumors in nude mice. The analysis of the cells, during the gradual transition toward the tumorigenic phenotype, allowed us to trace cellular and molecular changes associated with different phases of transformation. At the stage in which they were able to grow in agar, cen3tel cells had lost contact growth inhibition but still retained the requirement of serum to proliferate and were not tumorigenic in immunocompromised mice. Moreover, they showed a down-regulation of the INK4A locus and were resistant to oncogenic Ras-induced senescence but still retained a functional p53. Subsequently, cen3tel cells became tumorigenic, lost p53 function because of a mutation in the DNA-binding motif, and overexpressed c-myc. Interestingly, tumorigenic cells did not carry activating mutations either in the ras proto-oncogenes (H-ras, N-ras, and K-ras) or in B-raf. Cen3tel cells gradually became hyperdiploid but did not display centrosome abnormalities. To our knowledge, cen3tel is the first telomerase immortalized fibroblast line, which became neoplastically transformed. In this system, we could associate a down-regulation of the INK4A locus with anchorage-independent growth and with resistance to Ras-induced senescence and link p53 mutations and c-myc overexpression with tumorigenicity. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11411-8)