bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fathers’ Experiences in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Search for Control
Authors: Arockiasamy Vincent , Holsti Liisa , Albersheim Susan 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study aimed at understanding the experiences of fathers of very ill neonates in the NICU.
METHODS. Sixteen fathers of very ill and/or very preterm infants who had been in the NICU for &gt;30 days were interviewed by a male physician. Fathers were asked about their level of comfort with or concerns about staff communication regarding their infant, about accessing information, and about more general perceptions of their experience in the neonatal intensive care unit. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed for analysis. Coding used content analysis with construction of themes by 3 researchers.
RESULTS. The overarching theme for fathers was a sense of lack of control. Their world view, as a “backdrop” theme, provided context for all of the themes. Four other interrelated subthemes were identified, including information; communication, particularly with the health care team; fathers’ various roles; and external activities. Fathers reported that relationships with friends/family/health care team, receiving information consistently, and receiving short written materials on common conditions were ways of giving them support. The fathers said that speaking to a male physician was a positive and useful experience.
CONCLUSIONS. Fathers experience a sense of lack of control when they have an extremely ill infant in the NICU. Specific activities help fathers regain a sense of control and help them fulfill their various roles of protectors, fathers, partners, and breadwinners. Understanding these experiences helps the health care team offer targeted supports for fathers in the NICU.
Hybridization between Longnose and Alligator Gars in Captivity, with Comments on Possible Gar Hybridization in Nature
Authors: Herrington Steven J. , Hettiger Kurt N. , Heist Edward J. , Keeney Devon B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough hybridization occurs widely in fishes, it has never been recorded in gars. Here, we describe the first known hybrids of the longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus and alligator gar Atractosteus spatula from four specimens spawned in an aquarium containing multiple gar species. Genetic analyses of cytochrome b and tyrosinase sequences and a microsatellite locus indicated that the four specimens were hybrid offspring of a female longnose gar and a male alligator gar. The combination of physical appearance, meristic counts, and mensural measurement ratios further discriminated the hybrids from each parent and supported the conclusion of hybrid origin. The four hybrids had body coloration and transverse scale rows similar to those of longnose gar, a snout length and shape intermediate between those of longnose and alligator gars, and two rows of teeth on the upper jaw as are seen in alligator gar. This conclusive evidence of intergeneric hybridization in the gars may provide insights into phylogenetic relationships in Lepisosteidae and hybridization theory and may explain unsubstantiated reports of gar hybridization in nature and the pet trade.
Seasonal Patterns of Predation on Juvenile Pacific Salmon by Anadromous Cutthroat Trout in Puget Sound
Authors: Duffy Elisabeth J. , Beauchamp David A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the marine environment, Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. suffer the greatest natural losses during early marine residence, and predation is hypothesized to be the key source of mortality during this life history stage. In the face of recent declines in Puget Sound salmon populations, our goal was to determine the extent of predation mortality on salmon during early marine life. In spring and summer of 2001‐2003, we caught juvenile salmon and potential predators at nearshore areas in northern and southern regions of Puget Sound, Washington. We focused on the potential predation impact of coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii, which were caught in low but consistent numbers in both regions and were the most abundant large‐bodied potential predators of juvenile salmon in our catches. Cutthroat trout consumed a diverse and dynamic array of diet items and became increasingly piscivorous with increasing fork length above 140 mm. Cutthroat trout consumed a greater biomass of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii than any other prey fish species, but juvenile salmon were particularly important prey between April and June, making up greater than 50% of the fish prey consumed. Cutthroat trout exhibited size‐selective predation, eating salmon that were smaller than the average size of conspecific prey available in the environment. For a hypothetical size‐structured population of 1,000 cutthroat trout, pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta contributed the greatest number of salmon to the diet but Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha contributed the greatest salmonid biomass. On an order‐of‐magnitude basis, these predation estimates represented a relatively minor amount of early marine mortality for Chinook salmon and lower rates for the other salmon species. Conversely, juvenile salmon contributed significantly to the spring energy budget for cutthroat trout in Puget Sound.
Marine Migration of North American Green Sturgeon
Authors: Lindley Steven T. , Moser Mary L. , Erickson Daniel L. , Belchik Michael , Welch David W. , Rechisky Erin L. , Kelly John T. , Heublein Joseph , Klimley A. Peter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn understanding of the distribution of North American green sturgeon Acipenser medirostris in coastal waters is crucial to minimize impacts on this vulnerable species from various fisheries. To determine migratory patterns, we tagged 213 subadult and adult green sturgeon in spawning rivers and summer aggregation areas with uniquely coded ultrasonic pingers and observed their coastal movements with arrays of automated hydrophones deployed along the West Coast of North America from southeast Alaska to Monterey Bay, California. Green sturgeon exhibited an annual migration along the continental shelf from U.S. to Canadian waters in the fall and an apparent return migration in the spring. Peak migration rates exceeded 50 km/d during the springtime southward migration. Large numbers of green sturgeon were detected near Brooks Peninsula on northwest Vancouver Island, British Columbia, during May‐June and October‐November. A single fish was detected in southeast Alaska in December. This pattern of detections suggests that important overwintering grounds may be north of Vancouver Island and south of Cape Spencer, Alaska. A high frequency of detection allowed us to estimate that annual survival of tagged green sturgeon was 0.83 in 2004. The rapid, frequent long‐distance migrations by these fish may make them vulnerable to bycatch in bottom trawl fisheries on the shelf waters of western North America.
Behavioral Responses of Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii peelii to Pulse Frequency and Pulse Width from Electric Fishing Machines
Authors: Bearlin Andrew R. , Nicol Simon J. , Glenane Terry 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe effective electrical conductivity (Cf) of Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii was evaluated as part of an investigation into effective electric fishing settings for this important species. We describe an evaluation of minimum thresholds of power applied to an electrical field required to elicit four responses (escape, forced swimming, immobilization, and narcosis) from Murray cod. Estimates of Cf varied from 46 to 80 μS/cm depending on the response threshold of interest; these results support hypotheses that a global standard for Cf could be applied to power transfer calculations. Results indicate that at 60 Hz, pulse widths (PWs) of 6.7‐10 ms are most efficient; however, the electrical dose required for all responses is minimized using higher frequencies resulting in PWs of less than 2 ms. Our observations support other work suggesting that the complexity and range of responses are determined jointly by the nature of the stimulus and the orientation to the field. We suggest that a measure of electrical dose required for a given stimulus provides insight into settings for maximizing electric fishing effectiveness.
New Completion Solution for Multi Layer Gas Fields: A Case History
Authors: Arianto M. A. , Susatyo Y. , Srisantoso B. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Recently an experimental completion, called "Dual Monobore" was implemented in VICO Indonesia. The paper will describe an implementation of this completion as a new solution adopted in VICO to optimize both gas production and reserves recovery from multi layer gas reservoirs. Using monobore completion concepts, the "Dual Monobore" completion has the flexibility to allow simultaneous but separate production from depletion drive reservoirs and water drive reservoirs.
Techniques of Predicting Remaining Oil in a Mature Oil Field With High Water Cut—Case Study
Authors: Liu Wenling , Han Dakuang , Wang Jingrong , Hu Shuiqing , Ye Jigen 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The remaining oil in mature oilfields at high water cut stage is highly scattered in the whole field and relatively abundant in some localities. In view of this feature, a new approach is proposed to predict the distribution of the remaining oil in mature oilfields by integrating multidisciplinary means such as geology, seismic, geophysical well logging and reservoir simulation. At the high water cut stage, oilfields are always thin sand-shale interbedded layers and with numerous of wells, sophisticated target processing method of seismic data, sophisticated structure interpretation, combining of logging and seismic data in thin interbedded layers prediction and seismic constrained geology modeling technique are researched to construct the logging and seismic unit sophisticated reservoir characterization in mature oilfields. This technique has been applied in reprocessing old seismic data of Gangdong area in Dagang oilfield and improved the main frequency of seismic data by 10-15 Hz, and in X4-5 block in Xingshugang oilfield in Daqing with an average well distance of 200m, some new cognitions have been obtained in the faults, microtectonics and the distribution of the river channel sands in the block. With the result of combining logging and seismic prediction, high precision determinable reservoir model is established. Also the distribution of the remaining oil is predicted through large-scale sophisticated reservoir numerical simulation on the basis of this model. The case application shows that integrating multiple disciplines technique of predicting remaining oil in a mature oilfield with high water cut has a profound meaning for finding remaining oil effectively.
Backing Off a Free Drillstring: Planning and Execution on a World-Class ERD Well
Authors: Eck-Olsen Johan , Foster Brandon M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Since the inception of horizontal and Extended Reach wells, operators have faced the deviation-related complications that arise when dealing with stuck pipe and pipe recovery operations. Drillstring washouts in particular create a problematic situation in an ER drilling operation, as it necessary to spend extensive time circulating and rotating at high rates to sufficiently clean a high angle wellbore to a level that allows a safe and trouble free trip1,2,3. When a washout occurs prior to the completion of the cleanup process (which they almost always do), the operator is faced with a difficult choice: a.) continue to circulate until the hole is clean, running the risk of enlarging the washout and potentially creating a twist-off, or b.) attempt to pull out of a dirty hole, which may (and often does) result in tight hole and/or stuck pipe.
A case history is presented where a drillstring washout occurred on a long extended reach well prior to the completion of the cleanup process. Attempts to trip the string proved futile, and it became apparent that the string would probably become stuck during further attempts to pull out of the hole. A modified version of the traditional backoff technique was safely used to separate the pipe below the washout without the drillstring actually being stuck. The entire string was subsequently recovered, saving &gt;13MM NOK (2MM USD) in lost time and equipment. This is believed to be the first ever successful backoff of a free drillstring.
Through-Tubing Rotary Drilling From Njord Floating Platform
Authors: Tistel Jan Ivar , Oyovwevotu Joy , Talukdar Saifullah , Kjosnes Kare , Brusdal Lill Harriet 
Published: January 2008

Summary
The densely-faulted Njord reservoir in the Norwegian North Sea is considered one of the most complex reservoirs in the world. The field is developed from a semi-submersible platform with 15 subsea-completed wells drilled in a pre-drilling campaign in 1996 to 1997 and two major platform drilling campaigns, one in 1997 through 2000 and the other in 2002 to 2003. Drilling of two conventional sidetracked oil producers in the last campaign was challenging and costly. As the field matures, the need for a cheaper way of drilling sparsely located smaller undrained compartments became essential. This led to initiate an ambitious campaign called the low-cost infill targets (LIFT) for identifying and drilling those targets using a cheaper drilling technique called the through tubing rotary drilling (TTRD).
TTRD is a hugely demanding task especially, from a floating platform as any economic rationale will be lost if completion accessories and well integrity are compromised through TTRD. To the best of our knowledge, no TTRD operations have previously been executed from a floater. The severity of depletion, especially with depletion and re-pressurization (Huff'n Puff) of parts of the reservoir provides a significant technical test and challenge for TTRD on Njord. The relative movement of the floater also presents extra operational challenges, which requires accurate measures to prevent damage to the tubing hanger, Christmas tree (XMT), downhole-safety valve, and existing completion string. Issues related to bottomhole assembly design to meet drilling and production needs, mud rheology, equivalent circulating density (ECD) management, rock mechanics, and completion techniques are critically analyzed and risk-reducing or eliminating measures are put in place through extensive research and development for each of the prospective targets.
This paper is intended to give a comprehensive description on the technological challenges of the TTRD technology from a floating platform, research and development activities to qualify the technology on Njord, screening of drilling targets and the drilling experiences from two TTRD wells on Njord.
Data Room on CD-ROM
Authors: Collarini C. R. , Jordan D. G. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Prospective buyers of producing properties usually have insufficient time to thoroughly evaluate a divestment package. Determining the value of the unproved potential, which is often the difference between the successful and unsuccessful purchasers, is time-consuming and expensive. Having all of the needed data at hand in a well-organized system can significantly increase the effectiveness of an evaluation. CD-ROM and more advanced digital technology have proven to be efficient and cost-effective means of communicating the evaluation data needed by potential buyers.
Raw data that is not available electronically is scanned. Data available electronically is transferred directly to a readonly file or provided in downloadable format for user manipulation. Information on the CD-ROM can be viewed on-screen and printed as needed. Software to read and print scanned documents is free of charge and provided to the prospective buyer for use with most operating systems. The CD-ROM can be used on a network, allowing concurrent use by multiple evaluators.
Initial data organization, also required to set up a physical data room, continues to be the most time-consuming process. Software and hardware limitations have been encountered by both preparers of the information and by users, but technical advances continue to eliminate those problems. Making the information "user-friendly" is the objective in this environment of rapid technological change.
Reception by both sellers and prospective buyers has been good. Organization and maintenance of a data room and paper reproduction costs have been reduced substantially or eliminated entirely. Buyers eliminate or reduce their data collection time. Although there is no known documentation, many sellers believe they benefit by receiving higher bids for their properties. Well-organized, high quality data and adequate evaluation time allow prospective buyers to reduce the uncertainty of the valuation. Less uncertainty means higher-quality reserve categories and higher bids.
Innovative Adaptation of Subsea Test Tree Successfully Tests Ultra Deep Water Wells in the Campos Basin, Brazil
Authors: Etcheverry Carlos Fulvio , Maia Claudio R. F. Tigre 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Testing and gathering data from a well to evaluate the potential of a new field is a common practice in the oil and gas industry. However, performing this task in a subsea environment to test a well in ultra deep water presents significantly greater challenges to the operator and service providers. Since testing in the depths required for the subject well had not previously been attempted, there were concerns of problems that might occur in maintaining response times and control of the test equipment.
This paper will present the innovative solution that was devised to perform the evaluation testing in the deepest offshore producing well in the world (1,853 meters or 6,079 feet) from a drill ship with conventional subsea equipment. The equipment, the well, location conditions, and procedures that were used to safely and efficiently perform the evaluation testing will be discussed.
To date, this has been the deepest well in which this function has been successfully performed. From the well testing data gathered, the Petrobras Reservoir Engineering and Geology Departments were able to determine production potentials, which indicated that this was the most important discovery of the last few years, as well as to obtain information that would be invaluable for field development. It is anticipated that the field will have an estimated oil production of 180,000 BOPD and 4.8 mm m3 of gas by the year 2,000.
Oilwell Cement Durability
Authors: NOIK Ch. , RIVEREAU A. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Whatever the reservoir conditions the strict control of cement reactivity and mechanical properties during the life-time of the well are required. These requirements are reinforced under drastic conditions such as temperature above 150°C.
The present paper focuses on cement formulations designed for high temperature and pressure conditions. The chosen selection criteria for the formulations is a specific gravity above 1.9 with an optimized thickening time.
The main objective was to compare the durability performances of several types of cement material and slurry formulations.
Experimental work was based on aging tests at different temperatures over time period between 3 months up to 2 years. Performances such as compressive strength, water permeability were periodically measured and correlated to structural observations by XRD, DRX and SEM. Durability was also tested in different aging solutions : taped water, sea water with or without aggressive gas such as sulfur gas H2S.
Durability of classical weighted formulation adjusted with Portland cement, silica flour and weighting agents is compared with a new type of cement. This new material named RPC - reactive powder cement -is composed of Portland Class G with two silica of different particles sizes. The water adjustment and adaptation of the silica grain size distribution lead to improve the durability and the mechanical properties. Experiments on RPC formulation performed after one year aging indicated that compressive strength increased with time and permeability value remained at the same initial low value.
Seligi Depletion Management
Authors: Selamat S. , Goh S. T. , Lee K. S. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The Seligi is a large oil field comprising a multi-closure anticlinal complex with the major reservoirs having relatively thin oil columns with large gas caps and aquifer of varying strength. The field contributes about one third of Esso Production Malaysia Inc.'s (EPMI) operated production and started to decline in 1995. A comprehensive depletion management study was initiated in 1997 to mitigate production decline and maximize ultimate recovery.
This paper describes the challenges faced in managing this large resource, technologies used to address these challenges and some initial results from the studies. Early accomplishments include revised gas injection strategies, an inventory of wellbore opportunities, an optimized well / gathering system capacity, and infill / new development programs. Some of the above opportunities have been successfully implemented in the field; these have helped in mitigating production decline and increasing reserves capture.
Pilot Test of Xanthan Gum Flooding in Shengli Oilfield
Authors: Guo X. H. , Li W. D. , Tian J. , Liu Y. Z. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This paper presents a pilot test results of xanthan flooding in Shengli oil field, China. Emphasis is on the polymer flooding solution properties during the field test. The xanthan was considered as a desired polymer because it is shearing resistant and salinity durable. During the injection period, solution property was evaluated after injection pump, at the wellhead and the formation flow back. It is found that under uncontrolled shearing viscosity loss is unacceptable, which was not perceived and somewhat contradictory to early literatures. At first the xanthan was thought to be shearing resistant, therefore, one pump was used to inject the xanthan into four wells. The injection rate for individual well was adjusted by valves. Measurement showed that the solution viscosity behind the values can decrease as much as 40%. So the "one pump for one well" injection was used.