bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explanation of the sociological patterns of organ donation: An analytical study
Authors: Lalehgani Hedayatallah , Babaee Sima , Yazdannick Ahmad Reza , Alimohammadi Nasrollah , Saneie Behnam , Ramezannejad Pantea 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
In many countries, the consent of family members is required for organ donation from brain-dead patients who are potential candidates for organ donation. In this regard, knowing the factors affecting family members’ decision for organ donation can help improve the conditions. This qualitative study aimed to identify the factors affecting family members’ decision-making regarding donation of brain-dead patients’ organs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research applied qualitative research by focusing on the content analysis approach. The study started from April 2021 in Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan and Ayatollah Kashani in Shahrekord and continued until data saturation was reached (September 1401). Participants were assigned to one of three groups: brain-dead patients’ family members who consented to organ donation, brain-dead patients’ family members who declined to consent to organ donation, and people involved in the organ donation process. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method. The data were collected using unstructured interviews and the field survey method. In this study, a qualitative content analysis with a contractual approach was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
The analysis of the collected data using different methods yielded 11 main categories, including 1) unresponsive healthcare system, 2) inadequate support from government systems, 3) weakness of social work organizations, 4) fear of being stigmatized, 5) cultural values, 6) symbolization, 7) perpetuation and the society’s attitude, 8) development of personality system and generalism, 9) human values, 10) spiritual maturity, and 11) belief-religious challenges, leading finally to three themes, including 1) structural and functional weakness of systems, 2) sociocultural factors, and 3) worldview.

CONCLUSION:
The findings of the present research were able to identify the roots and social factors affecting Iranian families’ decisions regarding the consent or nonconsent of brain-dead patient members. Health system administrators and organ donation committees in medical sciences universities in Iran can try to solve the shortage of donated organs by using the specific social aspects introduced in this study. It is also recommended to design effective models for more satisfaction of family members for brain death patient organ donation in healthcare based on the underlying concepts of this study.
Evaluation of Color Stability of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials with Whitening Dentifrices
Authors: Singh Iqbal , Kalyan Sai S , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Lone Parveen , Koul Manisha 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Color stability and surface roughness are important factors affecting the longevity of any restorative material, as a rough surface structure can lead to staining and discoloration.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of two over-the-counter whitening toothpastes (Colgate Optic White and Close-up) on the color stability of different esthetic restorative materials (resin composite and conventional glass-ionomer).

Materials and Methods:
Using Mylar strips, 120 specimens were created from each restorative material (resin composite and conventional glass-ionomer). Baseline color measurement was done. This was followed by brushing the specimens according to the groups were brushed with the different whitening toothpastes. Before measuring color, the samples were washed.

Results:
A significant color change was observed between the two restorative materials. The color change was significantly higher with Colgate Optic White than Close-up toothpaste. Furthermore, composite material showed higher color stability than glass-ionomer cement (GIC).

Conclusion:
When used for 2 min twice day for 15 days, the whitening toothpastes Colgate Optic White and Close UP do create noticeable changes in the color. Furthermore, composites showed higher favorability for color stability than GIC.
Prevalence of Periodontitis Based on the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology 2017 Classification Scheme in Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Center in New Delhi – An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Chawla Kirti , Sawai Madhuri Alankar , Bhardwaj Ashu , Jafri Zeba , Sultan Nishat 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Periodontitis is one of the major reasons for tooth loss in adults. Therefore, it is important to know the true prevalence of the disease.

Aim:
This study was designed to find out the prevalence of periodontitis in Delhi state based on the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) and European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) 2017 classification scheme.

Materials and Methods:
It was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 2200 patients. Periodontal data were collected using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs-Epidemiological probe. Periodontal disease was diagnosed with the 2017 AAP and EFP definitions and classifications.

Results:
Of the study population, 93.2% had no detectable clinical attachment loss (CAL), 34.8% (n = 52) were classified with Stage I, 34.8% (n = 52) with Stage II, 16.8% (n = 25) with Stage III, and none with Stage IV periodontitis. Grade A was the predominant grade, being diagnosed in 50% of the periodontitis cases. The majority of cases (62%) demonstrated generalized periodontitis.

Conclusion:
The new periodontal disease classification system introduced in 2017 has provided a comprehensive description of periodontal disease which can classify the periodontal disease on the basis of various factors. Based on this, our study reported a maximum number of Stage I and II periodontitis patients.
Global Health Professions Student Survey among Health Professional Students from University of Jaipur: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kapadiya Jahanvi , Sampath Naganandini , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Chaudhary Pankaj , Shukla Sakshi , Singh Satyendra , Singh Avishek 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Tobacco use among health professionals implies failure on the part of both the beneficiaries and health-care delivery system. This research aimed to assess the knowledge, behavior, and attitude among health professional students.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among health-care students (medical, dental, nursing, physiotherapy, and pharmacy) of NIMS University. The final version of the questionnaire had 43 questions divided into six sections: tobacco use prevalence, secondhand smoke exposure, opinions toward tobacco product prohibition, behavioral/cessation, curriculum/training, and demographics. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The Chi-square test was applied to find any significant association between smoking and qualitative variables among different health professional students.

Results:
Five hundred and twenty-five students submitted the response to the online survey. One hundred and five (20%) health-care students were smokers. Pharmacy students had the highest percentage of smokers (50%) and also secondhand smoking exposure (46.87%) was highest among them. Nonsmokers had more favorable attitudes toward banning tobacco products. Medical and dental students were highly trained in tobacco cessation compared to other courses (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In the present study, the prevalence of smoking and exposure to secondhand smoking was high among pharmacy students, whereas knowledge toward tobacco cessation and training for the same was high among medical and dental students. The study concluded that comprehensive tobacco preventive and cessation training among all health professionals should be mandatory to improve their effectiveness in tobacco cessation and as role models also.
Caries Risk Profiles in 13–15-year-old Schoolchildren in Guntur City Using Cariogram: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ramya K. , Suresh Sanikommu , Pachava Srinivas , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M. , Pydi Siva Kumar , Viswanath V. 
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives:
Dental caries continues to be a major health concern for populations worldwide. In India, the prevalence is increasing at an alarming rate among child population. Assessing caries risk in children is more beneficial than treating the disease in terms of economic as well as public health outcomes. Hence, a study was conducted to assess caries risk in 13–15-year-old government and private schoolchildren in Guntur city using Cariogram model and to identify the particular risk factors that were most frequent among schoolchildren.

Materials and Methods:
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among government and private high schoolchildren in Guntur city. A total of 100 children aged 13–15 years were selected randomly. Data were obtained by means of questionnaire, intraoral examination, and salivary analysis. The information obtained was entered into Cariogram model to calculate the “percentage chance to avoid caries.”

Results:
Of the total 100 schoolchildren, 43 were boys and 57 were girls. The government schoolchildren had a higher mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (1.50 ± 1.669) compared to the private schoolchildren (0.40 ± 0.833), which was significant. The mean chance to avoid caries was significantly higher in private schoolchildren (70.56%) compared to government schoolchildren (57.32%).

Conclusion:
Diet incorporates a major role in assessing caries risk in the present study including its content and frequency. The Cariogram model could find out the factors contributing to the development of caries in the individual and help to plan targeted preventive actions.
Antifungal Properties of Grape Seed Extract on Various Species of Candida Organisms: An In vitro Study
Authors: Asmin P. K. , Jose Christa , Fareed Nusrath 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Oral candidiasis is one of the most common fungal opportunistic infections in the mouth caused by a fungus called Candida, and it presents as commensals in all humans. Over the last few decades, the increasing incidence of Candida infections parallels the growing numbers of immunocompromised patients. This trend is aggravated by the fact that there is a reckless use of antifungals. To combat this trend, the use of natural antifungals which have fewer side effects is recommended. Black grape seed extract (GSE) has shown a promise in this regard.

Materials and Methods:

Candida species such as Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans were used in the study. Fungal strains were passaged in the agar Sabouraud dextrose environment from 24 h to have live and fresh strains for the test. Black GSE was obtained. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), of GSE, amphotericin B and fluconazole drugs on the included fungi was examined using disc diffusion method. Then, the plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Finally, growth inhibitory zone was examined.

Results:
The analysis of the results revealed that the growth of C. albicans and C. krusei had been stopped at the concentration of 6.25 μg/mL, but the growth of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis was inhibited at a concentration of 12.25 μg/mL and 0.8 μg/mL respectively.

Conclusion:
The results obtained from the present study showed that both disc diffusion method and the maximum inhibitory concentration of MIC (Macro dilution) confirms the antimicrobial susceptibility of four species of candida to GSE. We conclude the possibility of GSE as an effective alternative measure for commercial antifungal agents, especially among immunocompromised patients, However, more laboratory and clinical studies need to be conducted to validate our findings.
Oketani massage with jasmine oil improves breast milk production on postpartum days 1–3
Authors: Dewi Ni Made Ratih Comala , Wulandari Made Ririn Sri , Aungsuroch Yupin 
Published: March 2024

Objective:This study aimed to determine the effect of Oketani massage with jasmine oil on improving breast milk production on days 1–3.Materials and Methods:This preexperimental one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted with 44 eligible respondents, selected using an incidental sampling technique. Oketani massage with jasmine oil was conducted once a day for 3 consecutive days. A total of 44 respondents were selected with incidental sampling. Sufficient breast milk production was observed through the frequency of baby urination in 24 h, the frequency of baby defecation in 24 h, the baby’s weight, and the length of time the baby slept or remained calm after breastfeeding.Results:Results showed that Oketani massage using jasmine oil impacted on increasing breast milk production in postpartum on days 1–3 (Z = 6.633,P= 0.000). The baby’s weight in 3 days was increased after intervention compared with intervention before (2858.25 ± 180.62 g vs. 2881.66 ± 180.96 g,t= 55.33,P= 0.000), the baby’s urination frequency was increased after intervention (4.55 ± 0.50 vs. 7.20 ± 0.70,t= 17.87,P= 0.000), the breastfeeding frequency has decreased (10.27 ± 1.42 vs. 8.82 ± 0.82,t= 6.94,P= 0.000), and the time of baby’s sleeping or calming state has increased (5.14 ± 6.46 h vs. 8.48 ± 10.24 h,t= 2.11,P= 0.041).Conclusion:Oketani massage combined with jasmine oil has been shown to be effective on improving breast milk production on days 1–3.
Changes in acute and late toxicity and patient-reported health-related quality of life following radiotherapy in women with breast cancer: A 1-year longitudinal study
Authors: Uslu Gonca Hanedan , Aydin Aydanur , GÜrsoy Ayla 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of acute and late toxicities, as well as changes in the quality of life (QOL) for breast cancer patients following radiotherapy (RT).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 108 breast cancer women were recruited for this prospective study. Data were collected at various intervals; prior to, and 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year after radiation therapy. The primary outcomes were toxicity radiation therapy oncology group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) criteria. Our secondary outcome was QOL, measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale. We employed Friedman’s two-way analysis to evaluate the changes in QOL over the course of 1 year.

Results:
The early toxicities that are most commonly experienced include pharyngeal, skin, and mucous membrane toxicity. Late toxicities frequently involve skin and submucosal toxicity. To measure patient functionality, all functional subscale scores except for the patient’s emotional state increased over time compared to pre-RT. Symptoms of the patients, which were included in the QOL symptom scale, decreased during the follow-up period, except for fatigue; however, changes in pain, insomnia, and loss of appetite did not significantly change. We identified the analogous symptom profiles in Edmonton. Although patients’ overall health scores declined in the 1st and 3rd months after radiotherapy (RT), they rebounded at 6 and 12 months.

Conclusion:
For breast cancer patients, RT did not adversely affect functional capacity or exacerbate symptoms, but persistent fatigue did increase during the observation period. Health-care professionals ought to devise strategies to assist patients with skin toxicity and fatigue.
The effect of traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation exercise (pulmonary Daoyin) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yuyin , Qiu Yuhua , Zhou Kaimin , Tan Ruyi , Peng Wanlin , Long Xiuhong , Chen Meijiang 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Previous research has demonstrated that pulmonary Daoyin could be an efficacious way to ameliorate the physical and psychological state of sufferers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bolster the quality of life. However, the results are not consistent. Thus, the objective of this research is to assess the impacts of pulmonary Daoyin in individuals with COPD.

Methods:
Relevant articles were searched in Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP from database inception to January 2024.

Results:
There were a total of 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in this meta-analysis involving 1732 patients, of which 864 participated in the intervention group and 868 in the control group. When comparing with the control group, the COPD patients practicing pulmonary Daoyin demonstrated a significant improvement in 6 min walking distance (mean difference [MD] = 24.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] [18.55, 30.52], P <0.00001), forced expiratory volume in the 1 s (FEV1) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.18, 0.59], P = 0.0002), percentage of FEV1 to the predicted value (FEV1%) (MD = 5.35, 95% CI [3.22, 7.48], P < 0.0001), the forced vital capacity (FVC) (MD = 0.39, 95% CI [0.06, 0.73], P = 0.02), percentage of FVC to the predicted value (FVC%) (MD = 7.52, 95% CI [4.91, 10.13], P < 0.00001), the ratio of FEV1/FVC (MD = 4.95, 95% CI [0.91, 8.99], P = 0.02), peak expiratory flow rate (standardized MD = 0.98, 95% CI [0.74, 1.22], P < 0.00001), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale (MD= −0.47, 95% CI [−0.89, −0.04], P=0.03), and Borg scale (MD =−0.65, 95% CI [−0.75, −0.55], P < 0.00001).

Conclusions:
Our findings may illuminate the influence of pulmonary Daoyin on exercise ability, breathlessness, and pulmonary function in COPD patients. More rigorous RCTs with larger samples and longer-term interventions will be required moving forward.
Minimum effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean section with and without prophylactic norepinephrine infusion: Randomized triple-blinded trial
Authors: Tyagi Asha , Mathur Monika , Salhotra Rashmi , Rautela Rajesh S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Vasopressor usage can affect the rostral spread of intrathecal drug and, hence, its requirement during cesarean delivery. Although a decreased spread is evidenced with phenylephrine, there is no data for norepinephrine usage. The present study aimed to evaluate the minimum effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean section with and without prophylactic norepinephrine infusion.

Material and Methods:
Patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under combined spinal–epidural block were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of norepinephrine (0.05 μg/kg/min) or normal saline (placebo), initiated immediately after intrathecal injection. Postspinal hypotension in either group (systolic arterial pressure ≤0.8 baseline) was treated with norepinephrine 4 μg rescue. Dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) was decided for individual patients using up-and-down sequential allocation method. Primary outcome measure was the minimum effective dose of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine (0.5%) defined as ED50, while secondary observations included spinal block characteristics and neonatal outcomes.

Results:
Demographic parameters were statistically similar between both groups (P > 0.05). ED50 of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine was 7.8 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7–8.8) and 7.4 mg (95% CI: 6.1–8.7) for normal saline and norepinephrine group respectively (P = 0.810). Block characteristics were similar between both groups as was neonatal APGAR score, but umbilical artery base excess was greater for norepinephrine versus normal saline group (−4.4 ± 3.6 vs. −6.5 ± 2.4, P = 0.038).

Conclusion:
Use of prophylactic norepinephrine (0.05 μg/kg/min) during cesarean delivery does not require adjustment of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine.
Comparison of grooved and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blades for throat pack insertion: A randomized control trial
Authors: John Jyothi Elizabeth , Nileshwar Anitha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Throat pack insertion is required for many otolaryngological surgeries under general anesthesia. To facilitate surgery, an oral Ring, Adair, and Elwyn (RAE) endotracheal tube is used. When the Macintosh blade is used to insert the pack, the tube often moves to the left as per its design. We designed a groove in the Macintosh laryngoscope blade to hold the endotracheal tube in place during pack placement. This study was done to compare the grooved and conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blades for throat pack insertion with respect to the intraoral movement of the tube, ease of packing, time taken, and associated hemodynamic changes in patients who have been intubated with a preformed oral endotracheal tube.

Material and Methods:
This randomized control trial included 80 patients after approval from the institutional ethics committee and CTRI. Informed written consent was taken from all patients. Packing of cases was done with either grooved (group G) or conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blade (group C). Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test were used to analyze data.

Results:
The tube remained in the center in 35/40 patients in group G as compared to 10/40 patients in group C (P < 0.0001). Packing the throat was significantly easier (P = 0.005), and time taken to pack the throat was shorter in group G as compared to group C (P = 0.0008).

Conclusions:
The endotracheal tube remains in the center more often during throat pack insertion using a grooved laryngoscope blade as compared to the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blade. The grooved blade is easier to use and takes less time to insert the throat pack.
A Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block and paravertebral block in preventing postherpetic neuralgia in patients with zoster-associated pain
Authors: Patil Akkamahadevi , Vyshnavi S , Raja Thanigai , Shastry Veeranna , Thammaiah Srinivas H. , Archana KN 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
The treatment for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) continues to be challenging in clinical pain management. Paravertebral block (PVB) and erector-spinae block (ESPB) are two novel techniques for treating this distressing condition. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PVB and ESPB in preventing the progression to PHN in patients with acute herpes zoster (AHZ).

Material and Methods:
Sixty patients in pain due to AHZ were selected for a prospective randomized control study after approval from Institutional Ethical Committee. Written informed consent was taken. Patients were randomized and allotted into Control-group: standard treatment (oral antivirals, analgesics, neuropathic medicines); PVB-Group: standard treatment with PVB and ESPB- Group: standard treatment with ESPB. Under ultrasound guidance, both blocks were administered with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine + dexamethasone 8 mg. Efficacy was evaluated on the 15th, 30th, and 60th day post treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with adequate relief from pain and allodynia post study.

Results:
The incidence of PHN post study was 45% in the ESPB group and 40% in the PVB group and 80% in the control group (p = 0.022). The proportion of patients with pain relief was higher among the PVB group compared to the ESPB group but not statistically significant (p 0.749). On day 60, the mean pain score was 2.45 (±3.05) and 2.15 (±2.7) in ESPB and PVB groups, respectively, and 4.3 (±2.27) in the control group (p 0.003).

Conclusion:
PVB and ESPB are effective approaches in treating patients suffering from pain due to acute zoster and help in preventing its progression to PHN.