bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergent Attributes in Person Perception
Authors: Siebler Frank 
Published: May 2008

In person perception, emergent attributes are attributes that people ascribe to members of a rare or novel category combination, although they would not ascribe the same attributes to members of either of the constituent categories. The present paper first describes the processing mechanisms suggested by three theoretical models of attribute emergence. Then, competing response time predictions are derived from the models respective mechanisms. An empirical test of these predictions in a laboratory experiment with university students (N = 45) is reported. Results support Hastie, Schroeder, and Webers (1990 ) two-stage model, but not Kunda, Miller, and Claires (1990 ) impression-formation model or Smith and DeCosters (1998 ) connectionist account.
Indications of a negative impact of herring on recruitment of Norway pout
Authors: Huse Geir , Salthaug Are , Skogen Morten D. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Huse, G., Salthaug, A., and Skogen, M. D. 2008. Indications of a negative impact of herring on recruitment of Norway pout. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 906–911. The Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii) stock in the North Sea has experienced poor recruitment recently. Herring (Clupea harengus) has been suggested to be a major predator on fish larvae in the North Sea. We investigated possible interactions between herring and Norway pout using a simple statistical analysis and a modified stock–recruit relationship. There was a significant negative relationship (linear regression, r = −0.44, p < 0.05) between total herring biomass and recruitment of Norway pout. The spawning stock of Norway pout is typically dominated by 2-year-olds, and there was a strong negative relationship (linear regression, r = −0.79, p < 0.01) between herring biomass and Norway pout spawning-stock biomass (SSB) 2 years later. A Beverton–Holt model fitted to stock–recruit data of Norway pout produced a rather poor correlation (r2 = 0.04). However, when only the Norway pout SSB not overlapping with herring is considered, the fit between the model and the stock–recruit data improves (r2 = 0.31). The analyses indicate a negative impact by herring on recruitment of Norway pout, the most plausible cause for this being herring predation on Norway pout larvae, but field studies are needed to verify such predation.
Effects of Nighttime Temperature During Kernel Development on Rice Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Cooper N. T. W. , Siebenmorgen T. J. , Counce P. A. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTRice quality can vary inexplicably from one lot to another and from year to year. One cause could be the variable temperatures experienced during the nighttime hours of rice kernel development. During the fall of 2004, a controlled temperature study was conducted using large growth chambers, testing nighttime temperatures of 18, 22, 26, and 30°C from 12 a.m. until 5 a.m. throughout kernel development, using rice cultivars Cypress, LaGrue, XP710, XL8, M204, and Bengal. As nighttime temperature increased, head rice yields (HRY) significantly decreased for all cultivars except Cypress and Bengal, for which HRY did not vary among nighttime temperature treatments. Kernel mass did not vary among temperature treatments for any cultivar. Grain dimensions generally decreased as nighttime temperature increased. The number of chalky kernels increased with an increase in nighttime temperature for all cultivars but Cypress. The amylose content of Cypress and LaGrue was significantly lower at the nighttime temperature of 30°C, while total brown rice lipid and protein contents did not vary among temperature treatments for all cultivars.
Isolation, Fractionation, and Structural Characteristics of Alkali‐Extractable β‐Glucan from Rye Whole Meal
Authors: Ragaee S. M. , Wood P. J. , Wang Q. , Tosh S. M. , Brummer Y. , Huang X. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe main nonstarch polysaccharide of rye is arabinoxylan (AX), but rye contains significant levels of (1→3)(1→4)‐β‐d‐glucan, which unlike oat and barley β‐glucan, is not readily extracted by water, possibly because of entrapment within a matrix of AX cross‐linked by phenolics. This study continues objectives to improve understanding of factors controlling the physicochemical behavior of the cereal β‐glucans. Rye β‐glucan was extracted by 1.0N NaOH and increasing concentrations of ammonium sulfate were used to separate the β‐glucan from AX and prepare a series of eight narrow molecular weight (MW) distribution fractions. Composition and structural characteristics of the isolated β‐glucan and the eight fractions were determined. High‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with both specific calcofluor binding and a triple detection (light scattering, viscometry, and refractive index) system was used for MW determination. Lichenase digestion followed by high‐performance anion exchange chromatography of released oligosaccharides, was used for structural evaluation. The overall structure of all fractions was similar to that of barley β‐glucan.
Influence of Starch and Gluten Characteristics on Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Gel at Small and Large Deformation
Authors: Sasaki Tomoko , Yasui Takeshi , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTStarch and gluten were isolated from 10 wheat cultivars or lines with varied amylose content. The rheological properties of 30% wheat flour gel, starch gel, and the gel of isolated gluten mixed with common starch were determined in dynamic mechanical testing under shear deformation, creep‐recovery, and compression tests under uniaxial compression. Variation of wheat samples measured as storage shear modulus (G′), loss shear modulus (G″), and loss tangent (tan δ = G″/G′) was similar between flour and starch gels and correlated significantly between flour and starch gel. The proportion of acetic acid soluble glutenin exhibited a significant relationship with tan δ of gluten‐starch mixture gel. The small difference in amylose content strongly affected the rheological parameters of flour gels in creep‐recovery measurement. Wheat flour gel with lower amylose content showed higher creep and recovery compliance that corresponded to the trend in starch gel. Compressive force of flour gel at 50 and 95% strain correlated significantly with that of starch gel. Gel mixed with the isolated gluten from waxy wheat lines appeared to have a weaker gel structure in dynamic viscoelasticity, creep‐recovery, and compression tests. Starch properties of were primarily responsible for rheological changes in wheat flour gel.
Storage of Wheat Grains at Elevated Temperatures Increases Solubilization of Glutenin Subunits
Authors: Wilkes Meredith , Copeland Les 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTGrains of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Sunco and Sunsoft, were stored at 4°C and 30°C for 270 days to examine changes in proteins during storage. When whole meal flour extracted from the grains was analyzed using an unfractionated protein extraction procedure, no significant changes were found in protein content or SDS‐PAGE profile for either cultivar in samples stored at 30°C compared with those stored at 4°C. Fractionation of the flour samples from stored grain into soluble and insoluble proteins revealed increases in soluble protein content for both cultivars stored at 30°C compared with 4°C. The soluble protein content, expressed as a percentage of the total protein, increased by 1.5% (P = 0.032) for Sunco and by 8.0 % (P = 0.158) for Sunsoft during storage at 30°C compared with those samples stored at 4°C. Analysis by SDS‐PAGE and subsequent protein identification revealed that the most evident change that occurred during storage at 30°C was an increase in the content of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) in the soluble fraction. The potential effect of changes in solubility of HMW‐GS on functional properties is discussed.
A New Device for Studying Deep‐Frying Behavior of Batters and Resulting Crust Properties
Authors: Visser Jendo E. , de Beukelaer Herman , Hamer Rob J. , van Vliet Ton 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTThe formation and properties of a crust during and after deep frying are difficult to study. Batter pickup (the amount of batter adhering to a product) and core properties affect crust formation and properties of the crust in such way that it is difficult to compare batters of different viscosity or cores with different properties. Moreover, it is often difficult and laborious to separate the crust/batter from the core. Another problem is the poor reproducibility of many fried products. A deep‐fried model (DFM) was designed, making it possible to study crust formation and crust properties without the difficulties stated above. Two different batter types and three cores have been used to test the system. Crusts obtained from the DFM were evaluated on several physiochemical properties and compared with crusts found around commercial deep‐fried products. Results show that crusts obtained with the DFM system are comparable to crusts of commercial products. The good reproducibility of the DFM crusts resulted in low variance in analytical results compared with commercial crusts. This high reproducibility, the versatility of the system, and the ease with which the system can be used offer clear benefits for many potential applications.
A Standardized Method for the Instrumental Determination of Cooked Spaghetti Firmness
Authors: Sissons M. J. , Schlichting L. M. , Egan N. , Aarts W. A. , Harden S. , Marchylo B. A. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTA standardized method to determine cooked spaghetti firmness was developed. The effects of process and instrument variables were investigated and optimized to provide reproducible results between laboratories and to enable discrimination among samples with similar firmness characteristics. Commercial spaghetti samples of varying thickness were chosen to artificially create a range in firmness, and used to investigate the effect of a wide range of variables on cooked spaghetti firmness including sample preparation, cooking procedure, postcooking treatment, sample presentation, and instrument settings. Cooked spaghetti firmness determined using a TA‐XT2i texture analyzer was significantly affected by optimum cook time, postcook cooling, rest time, and crosshead speed (P < 0.001), as well as strand length, spaghetti to cooking water ratio, number of strands cut, and strand position (P < 0.05). Although previous work showed a reasonable correlation between laboratories when using in‐house methods (r = 0.85), the correlation improved to r = 0.96 when using the standardized method to analyze 29 commercially produced spaghetti samples. The Spearman rank correlation increased from rs = 0.81 to rs = 0.95, prestandardization and poststandardization, indicating greater agreement between laboratories in sample ranking.
The High Light-Inducible Polypeptides Stabilize Trimeric Photosystem I Complex under High Light Conditions inSynechocystisPCC 6803
Authors: Wang Qiang , Jantaro Saowarath , Lu Bingshe , Majeed Waqar , Bailey Marian , He Qingfang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe high light-inducible polypeptides (HLIPs) are critical for survival under high light (HL) conditions in Synechocystis PCC 6803. In this article, we determined the localization of all four HLIPs in thylakoid protein complexes and examined effects of hli gene deletion on the photosynthetic protein complexes. The HliA and HliB proteins were found to be associated with trimeric photosystem I (PSI) complexes and the Slr1128 protein, whereas HliC was associated with PsaL and TMP14. The HliD was associated with partially dissociated PSI complexes. The PSI activities of the hli mutants were 3- to 4-fold lower than that of the wild type. The hli single mutants lost more than 30% of the PSI trimers after they were incubated in intermediate HL for 12 h. The reduction of PSI trimers were further augmented in these cells by the increase of light intensity. The quadruple hli deletion mutant contained less than one-half of PSI trimers following 12-h incubation in intermediate HL. It lost essentially all of the PSI trimers upon exposure to HL for 12 h. Furthermore, a mutant lacking both PSI trimers and Slr1128 showed growth defects similar to that of the quadruple hli deletion mutant under different light conditions. These results suggest that the HLIPs stabilize PSI trimers, interact with Slr1128, and protect cells under HL conditions.
Global Identification of DELLA Target Genes during Arabidopsis Flower Development
Authors: Hou Xingliang , Hu Wen-Wei , Shen Lisha , Lee Li Yen Candy , Tao Zhen , Han Jin-Hua , Yu Hao 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating many aspects of plant development. GA derepresses its signaling pathway by promoting the degradation of DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors. Although the floral organ identity is established in flowers of the GA-deficient mutant ga1-3, the growth of all floral organs is severely retarded. In particular, abortive anther development in ga1-3 results in male sterility. Genetic analysis has revealed that various combinations of null mutants of DELLA proteins could gradually rescue floral organ defects in ga1-3 and that RGA is the most important DELLA protein involved in floral organ development. To elucidate the early molecular events controlled by RGA during flower development, we performed whole-genome microarray analysis to identify genes in response to the steroid-inducible activation of RGA in ga1-3 rgl2 rga 35S:RGA-GR. Although DELLA proteins were suggested as transcriptional repressors, similar numbers of genes were down-regulated or up-regulated by RGA during floral organ development. More than one-third of RGA down-regulated genes were specifically or predominantly expressed in stamens. A significant number of RGA-regulated genes are involved in phytohormone signaling or stress response. Further expression analysis through activation of RGA by steroid induction combined with cycloheximide identified eight genes as immediate targets of RGA. In situ hybridization and transgenic studies further showed that the expression pattern and function of several selected genes were consistent with the predictions from microarray analysis. These results suggest that DELLA regulation of floral organ development is modulated by multiple phytohormones and stress signaling pathways.
Inside the changing newsroom: journalists' responses to media convergence
Authors: Saltzis Konstantinos , Dickinson Roger 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis article aims to report on research conducted inside British national media organisations. The research was designed to investigate the impact on the working practices of journalists of the process of production convergence – the trend towards news reporting in more than one medium in formerly single‐medium organisations. The article describes the changes that are taking place and the ways journalists are reacting to them.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with 20 journalists during 2002 and 2003. The interviews were with journalists working in newsrooms at the BBC, Sky News,The Guardianand theFinancial Times.FindingsThe data show that while multimedia news is becoming well established, the multimedia journalist has been slow to arrive. This is because of the pressures that multi‐media working adds to the journalist's daily routine and a concern over the impact on the quality of output.Research limitations/implicationsThe media environment is evolving rapidly and research findings on this topic quickly go out of date, but the findings presented here offer valuable insights into the news production processes operating in British national media organisations and the ways journalists are adapting to, and are likely to continue to adapt to, changes in production technologies and changed systems of working.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to focus on journalistic practice in a converging media environment.
Image problem even haunts hi‐tech libraries
Authors: Majid Shaheen , Haider Azim 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to investigate perceptions and stereotypes associated with the library and information profession and to determine whether the public image of library professionals has improved with the extensive use of ICT.Design/methodology/approachThe areas covered in this study include: perceptions of the nature of work performed by librarians, their personality traits, social status, education level, employment opportunities, income level, and contributions made to society. A pre‐tested questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were collected at three academic and three public libraries in Singapore. A total of 214 individuals participated in this study.FindingsIt was found that library users in Singapore do not have a flattering image of librarianship and perceived the status of librarians to be low as compared to certain other professions. They also believed that library work does not require higher education and is routine‐based, easy, and boring work. On the one hand, the personality of a librarian was described as helpful, friendly, orderly, and polite; on the other hand, it was perceived to be a person who is bookish, boring, quiet, and conservatively dressed.Originality/valueThe paper offers some suggestions for improving the image of library and information professionals in society.
Shortage of storage space in Korean libraries
Authors: Yoon Hee‐Yoon , Oh Sun‐Kyung , Kim Sin‐Young 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to offer some considerations for the implementation of hub‐based collaborative repositories. The current situation of Korean public libraries is to be examined, centering upon the issue of storage space, and possible solutions are to be presented.Design/methodology/approachA corroborative analysis is done to determine the seriousness of the problem and the plausibility of the assertion by looking only at the National Library of Korea and public libraries.FindingsBy the end of 2005 Korean public libraries as a whole had reached 92 percent capacity, which suggests that there is an immediate need to secure additional storage space. Library collection size increased at a rate of 11.5 percent over a period of ten years (1996‐2005). Even if a more moderate rate of 7 percent is applied to projections for 2015 storage space we will exceeded by 38.9 percent and the ratio of shortage in storage space to storage limit is expected to amount to 82.1 percent.Originality/valueThis paper proposes the establishment of collaborative repositories, borrowing the principle of selection and concentration. The model for hub‐based collaborative repositories is provided and the roles of the repository network are outlined. This will effectively increase the circulation turnover rate while reducing a user's opportunity costs. In the meantime, the National Library will be contributing to the country's decentralization and balanced national development and also increasing its own value.
The training rate of aircraft handling quality evaluation scale
Authors: Dolega Boguslaw , Rogalski Tomasz 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the sample result of researches under original conception of the aircraft handling qualities evaluation scale. It allows rating and comparing of different control algorithms implemented into the control system in the simple way.Design/methodology/approachThe presented handling qualities evaluation scale takes into consideration two main elements to generate the grade of the tested control law. These are: pilot's workload during typical flight phases and the second is precision of control the pilot reaches controlling the plane.FindingsThe paper presents possibilities of using of the proposed methodology. Also contributions of its use are described.Practical implicationsThe presented methodology can be applied to evaluate and compare handling qualities of different control algorithms supporting pilots.Originality/valueThis paper presents original conception of handling qualities evaluation scale for aircraft equipped with fly‐by‐wire control system.
Recuperated gas turbine aeroengines, part II: engine design studies following early development testing
Authors: McDonald Colin F. , Massardo Aristide F. , Rodgers Colin , Stone Aubrey 
Published: May 2008

PurposeTo advance the design of heat exchanged gas turbine propulsion aeroengines utilising experience gained from early development testing, and based on technologies prevailing in the 1970‐2000 time frame.Design/methodology/approachWith emphasis on recuperated helicopter turboshaft engines, particularly in the 1,000 hp (746 kW) class, detailed performance analyses, parametric trade‐off studies, and overall power plant layouts, based on state‐of‐the‐art turbomachinery component efficiencies and high‐temperature heat exchanger technologies, were undertaken for several engine configuration concepts.FindingsUsing optimised cycle parameters, and the selection of a light weight tubular heat exchanger concept, an attractive engine architecture was established in which the recuperator was fully integrated with the engine structure. This resulted in a reduced overall engine weight and lower specific fuel consumption, and represented a significant advancement in technology from the modified simple‐cycle engines tested in the late 1960s.Practical implicationsWhile heat exchanged engine technology advancements were projected, there were essentially two major factors that essentially negated the continued study and development of recuperated aeroengines, namely again as mentioned in Part I, the reduced fuel consumption was not regarded as an important economic factor in an era of low‐fuel cost, and more importantly in this time frame very significant simple‐cycle engine performance advancements were made with the use of significantly higher pressure ratios and increased turbine inlet temperatures. Simply stated, recuperated variants could not compete with such a rapidly moving target.Originality/valueEstablishing an engine design concept in which the recuperator was an integral part of the engine structure to minimise the overall power plant weight was regarded as a technical achievement. Such an approach, together with the emergence of lighter weight recuperators of assured structural integrity, would find acceptance around the year 2000 when there was renewed interest in the use of more efficient heat exchanged variants towards the future goal of establishing “greener” aeroengines, and this is discussed in Part III of this paper.