bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights Into the Driving Mechanism of the Mid‐Eocene (43 Ma) Tectonic Transition in the Western Pacific Margin—A Case Study of Stress Field Modeling in Pingbei
Authors: Dong Ruowen , Yang Fengli , Hu Panpan , Zhuang Jianjian , Yang Ruiqing , Zhang Geng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB), an important part of the western Pacific margin, is located in a key area of subduction and coupling of the western Pacific/East Asian continent. There are many unknowns regarding the basin structure and formation mechanism. There are three different viewpoints on the driving mechanism of the tectonic transition at 43 Ma: the India–Eurasia Plate hard collision, the subduction direction change in the western Pacific Plate, and the joint action of the western Pacific Plate and Philippine Sea Plate movements. To address this controversy, we use the SHELLS modeling method to simulate the tectonic stress field of the Pingbei area (PBA) under the constraints of paleofaults, paleotopography, paleoheat flow, petrophysical parameters, and different tectonic boundary conditions during two critical periods: before and after 43 Ma. The modeling results that most closely match the observations are as follows: at 43 Ma, the boundary extension direction changed from NW‒SE to NNW‒SSE, and the extension rate changed from 0.16 ∼ 0.52 mm/a to 0.15 ∼ 0.24 mm/a. Based on analysis of the coupling relationship between stress field simulation results and the formation of peripheral plates in the region, we believe that the driving mechanism of the 43 Ma tectonic transition in the ECSSB and western Pacific/Southeast Asia region is mainly due to changes in the retreat direction of the western Pacific Plate and the extension direction and velocity of the study area, combined with the northward movement of the Philippine Sea Plate.
Increasing Evapotranspiration in China: Quantifying the Roles of CO2 Fertilization, Climate and Vegetation Changes
Authors: Liu Meixian , Lin Kairong , Tu Xinjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractContradictory views are still existing on the dominating drivers and the underlying mechanisms for the overall increasing evapotranspiration (ET) in China, a region has undergone substantial vegetation and climate changes. Particularly, some studies conclude that climate change is the dominating factor, while other researchers believe that it is the vegetation change. To fill this knowledge gap, here we developed a physical‐based ET model by combining the modified Penman–Monteith model and a newly developed canopy resistance model, which effectively links ET and its potential drivers, with the mean correlation and relative RMSE between the observed and modeled canopy resistance being 0.83 ± 0.09 and 3.4 ± 1.6%, respectively. The reliability of the model was also demonstrated by comparing the derived sensitivity of canopy resistance to air CO2 concentration (mean of 0.14 ± 0.03% ppm−1) and the observations (∼0.15% ppm−1). Based on this model and a scenario analysis approach, we demonstrated that vegetation change, air temperature, air CO2 concentration and soil moisture were the dominating factors of ET variabilities during 1982–2014, which dominated ET changes at 36.0 ± 16.3%, 16.5 ± 4.5%, 20.2 ± 11.6 and 18.2 ± 10.9% of the land grids, and averagely contributed 0.72 ± 0.32, 0.28 ± 0.15, −0.51 ± 0.15 and 0.13 ± 0.78 mm yr−2, respectively. These indicated that vegetation change was the most important factor for the increasing ET over China during the past several decades. These findings and the model are helpful for assessing the ecohydrological cycles in a changing environment.
Germline mosaicism in TCF20-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: a case study and literature review
Authors: Poquérusse Jessie , Whitford Whitney , Taylor Juliet , Gregersen Nerine , Love Donald R. , Tsang Bobby , Drake Kylie M. , Snell Russell G. , Lehnert Klaus , Jacobsen Jessie C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Autosomal dominant variants in transcription factor 20 (TCF20) can result in TCF20-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (TAND), a condition characterized by developmental delay and intellectual disability, autism, dysmorphisms, dystonia, and variable other neurological features. To date, a total of 91 individuals with TAND have been reported; ~67% of cases arose de novo, while ~10% were inherited, and, intriguingly, ~8% were either confirmed or suspected to have arisen via germline mosaicism. Here, we describe two siblings with a developmental condition characterized by intellectual disability, autism, a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) caused by a novel heterozygous single nucleotide deletion in the TCF20 gene, NM_001378418.1:c.4737del; NP_001365347.1:p.Lys1579Asnfs*36 (GRCh38/hg38). The variant was not detected in DNA extracted from peripheral blood in either parent by Sanger sequencing of PCR-generated amplicons, or by deep sequencing of PCR amplicons using MiSeq and MinION. However, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) of DNA derived from early morning urine detected the variation in 3.2% of the father’s urothelial cells, confirming germline mosaicism. This report is only the second to confirm with physical evidence TCF20 germline mosaicism and discusses germline mosaicism as a likely under-detected mode of inheritance in neurodevelopmental conditions.
Longitudinal associations between white matter integrity, early life adversities, and treatment response following cognitive-behavioral therapy in depression
Authors: Flinkenflügel Kira , Borgers Tiana , Klug Melissa , Mummendey Marie M. , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Meinert Susanne , Gruber Marius , Repple Jonathan , Kircher Tilo , Opel Nils , Bauer Jochen , Zwiky Esther , König Philine , Küttner Antonia , Schöniger Konrad , Kamrla Robin , Dannlowski Udo , Enneking Verena , Redlich Ronny 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a primary treatment for depression. Although previous research has underscored the significant roles of white matter (WM) alterations and maladaptive parenting in depression risk, their associations with CBT response remain largely unknown. This longitudinal study investigated the interplay of WM integrity changes over time, treatment response, and parenting style in patients with depression. Diffusion-tensor-imaging and clinical data were assessed in n = 65 (55% female) patients with depression before and after 20 CBT sessions and n = 65 (68% female) healthy controls (HC) in a naturalistic design. Linear-mixed-effect models compared changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) between groups and tested associations between FA changes and symptom changes. It was investigated whether parenting style predicts depressive symptoms at follow-up and whether FA changes mediate this association. Patients showed differential FA changes over time in the corpus callosum and corona radiata compared to HC (p
tfce-FWE = 0.008). Increases in FA in the corpus callosum, corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus were linked to symptom improvement after CBT in patients (p
tfce-FWE = 0.023). High parental care (p
FDR = 0.010) and low maternal overprotection (p
FDR = 0.001) predicted fewer depressive symptoms at follow-up. The association between maternal overprotection and depressive symptoms at follow-up was mediated by FA changes (p
FDR = 0.044). Robustness checks—controlling for outliers, non-linear age effects, clinical characteristics, and patient subgroups—supported these results. Overall, patients with depression show changes in WM integrity following CBT, which are linked to treatment response. The results highlight the significance of early life adversities and related microstructural changes in the effectiveness of CBT for treating depression.
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins in HPV-driven carcinogenesis
Authors: Wootton Louisa M. , Morgan Ethan L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is responsible for approximately 5% of cancer cases worldwide, including a growing number of oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. The major HPV oncoproteins, E6 and E7, act together to manipulate cellular pathways involved in the regulation of proliferation, the cell cycle and cell survival, ultimately driving malignant transformation. Protein ubiquitination and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is often deregulated upon viral infection and in oncogenesis. HPV E6 and E7 interact with and disrupt multiple components of the ubiquitination machinery to promote viral persistence, which can also result in cellular transformation and the formation of tumours. This review highlights the ways in which HPV manipulates protein ubiquitination and the ubiquitin-like protein pathways and how this contributes to tumour development. Furthermore, we discuss how understanding the interactions between HPV and the protein ubiquitination could lead to novel therapeutic targets that are of urgent need in HPV+ carcinomas.
Size control and oscillations of active droplets in synthetic cells
Authors: Sastre Judit , Thatte Advait , Bergmann Alexander M. , Stasi Michele , Tena-Solsona Marta , Weber Christoph A. , Boekhoven Job 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Oscillations in the formation and dissolution of molecular assemblies inside living cells are pivotal in orchestrating various cellular functions and processes. However, designing such rhythmic patterns in synthetic cells remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of spatio-temporal oscillations in the number of droplets, size, and their spatial distribution within a synthetic cell. The coacervate-based droplets in these synthetic cells sediment and fuse at the cell’s bottom. Through a size control mechanism, the sedimented, large droplets shrink by expelling droplet material. The expelled molecules nucleate new droplets at the top of the synthetic cell, which grow and sediment again. These oscillations are sustained by converting chemical fuel into waste and can continue for hundreds of periods without evidence of fatigue. Strikingly, the period of the oscillation is in the minute’s regime and tunable. The design of oscillating artificial organelles in synthetic cells brings us closer to creating more life-like materials and de novo life.
A hypothalamic circuit underlying the dynamic control of social homeostasis
Authors: Liu Ding , Rahman Mostafizur , Johnson Autumn , Amo Ryunosuke , Tsutsui-Kimura Iku , Sullivan Zuri A. , Pena Nicolai , Talay Mustafa , Logeman Brandon L. , Finkbeiner Samantha , Qian Lechen , Choi Seungwon , Capo-Battaglia Athena , Abdus-Saboor Ishmail , Ginty David D. , Uchida Naoshige , Watabe-Uchida Mitsuko , Dulac Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Social grouping increases survival in many species, including humans1,2. By contrast, social isolation generates an aversive state (‘loneliness’) that motivates social seeking and heightens social interaction upon reunion3–5. The observed rebound in social interaction triggered by isolation suggests a homeostatic process underlying the control of social need, similar to physiological drives such as hunger, thirst or sleep3,6. In this study, we assessed social responses in several mouse strains, among which FVB/NJ mice emerged as highly, and C57BL/6J mice as moderately, sensitive to social isolation. Using both strains, we uncovered two previously uncharacterized neuronal populations in the hypothalamic preoptic nucleus that are activated during either social isolation or social rebound and orchestrate the behaviour display of social need and social satiety, respectively. We identified direct connectivity between these two populations and with brain areas associated with social behaviour, emotional state, reward and physiological needs and showed that mice require touch to assess the presence of others and fulfil their social need. These data show a brain-wide neural system underlying social homeostasis and provide significant mechanistic insights into the nature and function of circuits controlling instinctive social need and for the understanding of healthy and diseased brain states associated with social context.
Aversive learning reduces aversive-reinforcer sensitivity in honey bees
Authors: Lai Yuan , Tedjakumala Stevanus Rio , Baciadonna Luigi , Macri Catherine , Lafon Isabelle , Giurfa Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on associative learning typically focuses on behavioral and neural changes in response to learned stimuli. In Pavlovian conditioning, changes in responsiveness to conditioned stimuli are crucial for demonstrating learning. A less explored, but equally important, question is whether learning can induce changes not only in the processing of conditioned stimuli but also in the processing of unconditioned stimuli. In this study, we addressed this question by combining reinforcer-sensitivity assays with Pavlovian conditioning in honey bees. We focused on aversive shock responsiveness, measuring the sting extension response to electric shocks of increasing voltage, and examined the effect of aversive olfactory conditioning—where bees learn to associate an odor with shock—on shock responsiveness. After experiencing electric shocks during conditioning, the bees showed a persistent decrease in responsiveness to lower voltages, observable three days after conditioning, indicating reduced shock sensitivity. This effect was specific to electric shock, as appetitive conditioning involving a sucrose reinforcer did not alter shock responsiveness, leaving shock sensitivity unchanged. These findings highlight a previously unexplored effect of associative learning on reinforcer sensitivity, demonstrating a lasting decrease of responsiveness to reinforcer intensities perceived as less relevant than that encountered during conditioning.
Chemical signal diversity in male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) along an urbanization gradient
Authors: Ibáñez Alejandro , Zając Bartłomiej , Sambak Izabella , Woźniakiewicz Michał , Woźniakiewicz Aneta , Pabijan Maciej 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Urban areas have globally expanded recently and will likely continue to do so in the near future. Although the impact of urbanization on acoustic and visual sexual signals has received considerable attention, other aspects, such as its influence on chemical signaling, remain poorly studied. Many lizard species possess femoral glands, i.e. prominent epidermal glands on the underside of the thighs producing a wide variety of compounds used in chemical signaling. Here we assessed the effect of urban, suburban and rural habitats and individual body condition on variation of chemical signal composition in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). By using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we characterized chemical compounds present in secretions of lizard femoral glands. We found that lizards from suburban and urban habitats had the highest diversity of chemicals, while rural habitats showed significantly lower compound diversity. Lizards from urban and suburban habitats had high amounts of several compounds, including α-tocopherol, an antioxidant molecule that may counterbalance the damaging effects of irradiation on other pheromones. Chemical signals may not only depend on habitat characteristics but individual traits, such as body condition, may also affect chemical compound diversity. Body condition did not significantly differ across habitats, and we did not find an association between body condition and chemical composition of femoral gland secretions. We argue that environmental differences (more extreme in cities) as well as other factors such as increased stress may shape the amounts and diversity of semiochemicals in sand lizards. Our study provides insight on how environmental conditions imposed by urban–rural gradients may modulate chemical communication in vertebrates.
Impaired MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation triggered by oncogenic HRAS is rescued by the farnesyltransferase inhibitor Tipifarnib
Authors: Andrasch Yannik , Ireri Moses Munene , Gander Jonas , Timm Ann-Engelke Sabrina , Chennappan Saravanakkumar , Fidan Miray , Engler Melanie , Cirstea Ion Cristian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
HRAS is a ubiquitously expressed protein and functions as a central regulator of cellular homeostasis. In somatic cells, mutations in this gene cause cancer, while germline mutations trigger a developmental disorder known as Costello syndrome (CS). Among numerous pathologies, adult CS patients develop osteoporosis. Previous studies revealed that HRAS is implicated in bone homeostasis by controlling osteoblast differentiation, adaptation to mechanical strain and repression of RANKL expression in mature osteoblasts, and by regulating osteoclast differentiation. However, the impact of HRAS on osteoblast differentiation is still debatable. In this study, we created stable doxycycline inducible cell lines overexpressing HRAS G12 mutants in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cell line and analyzed their impact on osteoblast differentiation. We demonstrated an inhibitory role of HRAS G12S and HRAS G12V mutants on osteogenic differentiation and identified an increased expression of Opn in an HRAS-dependent manner, which directly correlated with impaired osteogenesis, and was rescued by the farnesyl transferase inhibitor Tipifarnib. At the molecular level, Tipifarnib was not able to block HRAS activation, but impaired HRAS localization to the plasma membrane, and inhibited MAPK activation and Opn expression. Thus, HRAS abundance/activation and its potential crosstalk with OPN may be more critical for osteogenic differentiation than previously assumed.
Incomplete mass closure in atmospheric nanoparticle growth
Authors: Stolzenburg Dominik , Sarnela Nina , Bianchi Federico , Cai Jing , Cai Runlong , Cheng Yafang , Dada Lubna , Donahue Neil M. , Grothe Hinrich , Holm Sebastian , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Petäjä Tuukka , Sulo Juha , Winkler Paul M. , Yan Chao , Kangasluoma Juha , Kulmala Markku 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nucleation and subsequent growth of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere is a major source of cloud condensation nuclei and persistent large uncertainty in climate models. Newly formed particles need to grow rapidly to avoid scavenging by pre-existing aerosols and become relevant for the climate and air quality. In the continental atmosphere, condensation of oxygenated organic molecules is often the dominant mechanism for rapid growth. However, the huge variety of different organics present in the continental boundary layer makes it challenging to predict nanoparticle growth rates from gas-phase measurements. Moreover, recent studies have shown that growth rates of nanoparticles derived from particle size distribution measurements show surprisingly little dependency on potentially condensable vapors observed in the gas phase. Here, we show that the observed nanoparticle growth rates in the sub-10 nm size range can be predicted in the boreal forest only for springtime conditions, even with state-of-the-art mass spectrometers and particle sizing instruments. We find that, especially under warmer conditions, observed growth is slower than predicted from gas-phase condensation. We show that only a combination of simple particle-phase reaction schemes, phase separation due to non-ideal solution behavior, or particle-phase diffusion limitations can explain the observed lower growth rates. Our analysis provides first insights as to why atmospheric nanoparticle growth rates above 10 nm h−1 are rarely observed. Ultimately, a reduction of experimental uncertainties and improved sub-10 nm particle hygroscopicity and chemical composition measurements are needed to further investigate the occurrence of such a growth rate-limiting process.
Supervised and unsupervised deep learning-based approaches for studying DNA replication spatiotemporal dynamics
Authors: Ng-Kee-Kwong Julian , Philps Ben , Smith Fiona N. C. , Sobieska Aleksandra , Chen Naiming , Alabert Constance , Bilen Hakan , Buonomo Sara C. B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is organised both spatially and temporally, as evidenced by the stage-specific spatial distribution of replication foci in the nucleus. Despite the genetic association of aberrant DNA replication with numerous human diseases, the labour-intensive methods employed to study DNA replication have hindered large-scale analyses of its roles in pathological processes. In this study, we employ two distinct methodologies. We first apply supervised machine learning, successfully classifying S-phase patterns in wild-type mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), while additionally identifying altered replication dynamics in Rif1-deficient mESCs. Given the constraints imposed by a classification-based approach, we then develop an unsupervised method for large-scale detection of aberrant S-phase cells. Such a method, which does not aim to classify patterns based on pre-defined categories but rather detects differences autonomously, closely recapitulates expected differences across genotypes. We therefore extend our approach to a well-characterised cellular model of inducible deregulated origin firing, involving cyclin E overexpression. Through parallel EdU- and PCNA-based analyses, we demonstrate the potential applicability of our method to patient samples, offering a means to identify the contribution of deregulated DNA replication to a plethora of pathogenic processes.
Climate change alters the Indian Ocean Dipole and weakens its North Atlantic teleconnection
Authors: Fereday David R. , Knight Jeff R. , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An important source of long range forecast skill for the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) comes from predictability of tropical rainfall. While the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a better-known driver of the NAO, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) also has an influence, particularly when ENSO is inactive. Given future projected changes to ENSO and the IOD, it is important to understand how the IOD–NAO teleconnection may evolve. Here we use climate model simulations to investigate the IOD and its NAO teleconnection. We find that the IOD itself changes considerably under climate change, with a weakening of the present-day anticorrelation between the dipole nodes and a westward shift in the IOD pattern. While historical model simulations reproduce the IOD–NAO teleconnection pathway seen in observational analyses, the teleconnection is projected to weaken in future, with the weakening linked to the westward IOD shift.