bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fetal cerebellum. Pitfalls in diagnosis and management
Authors: Malinger Gustavo , Lev Dorit , Lerman‐Sagie Tally 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of congenital and acquired cerebellar disorders is possible by the use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although numerous studies have been conducted in this field, diagnostic uncertainties are still common in daily clinical practice. This review outlines five possible pitfalls in the diagnosis of fetal cerebellar disorders: confusion between different entities describing vermian pathologies (Dandy–Walker variant, vermian hypoplasia and vermian agenesis); premature diagnosis of abnormal vermian formation; difficulties in the ultrasonographic differentiation between the cerebellar hemispheres and the vermis; late development of cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy and differential diagnosis of unilateral cerebellar findings. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of communication skills training on nurses' detection of patients' distress and related factors after cancer diagnosis: a randomized study
Authors: Fukui Sakiko , Ogawa Keiko , Ohtsuka Masao , Fukui Naoshi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: A randomized study was performed to investigate whether a communication skill (CS) training program can improve nurse's ability to detect the distress of patients who have just been informed of cancer diagnosis.Methods: Nurses were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group, and those in the former group had undergone CS training program. Nurses in both groups were then requested to support patients informed of their cancer diagnosis. Intervention consisted of one‐on‐one nurse interviews 3 times (on the day, 1 week, and 1 month after diagnosis). Patient's self‐reported distress according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and nurse's ratings of patient distress by Visual Analog Scale were assessed 3 times (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after diagnosis). These two scales were compared between the nurses of the two groups to assess the impact of CS training.Results: The nurses in the experimental and control groups supported 42 and 47 patients, respectively. The analysis using mixed‐effects modeling revealed no significant differences in the nurse's ability to detect patient's distress between the two groups. However, when the nurse's ratings of patient's distress and patient's self‐reported distress were compared, these two scores were significantly correlated only with the nurses in the experimental group, suggesting that the nurse's ability to become aware of patient's distress had been improved in that group.Conclusions: CS training for health professionals is useful in oncology practice to improve nurse's ability to recognize the distress of patients diagnosed with cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hip subluxation and dislocation in cerebral palsy – a prospective study on the effectiveness of postural management programmes
Authors: Pountney Teresa E , Mandy Anne , Green Elizabeth , Gard Paul R 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Hip subluxation and dislocation are common sequelae in children with bilateral cerebral palsy and are currently managed by surgical interventions. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of early postural management programmes on hip subluxation and dislocation at five years, and the need for treatment in children with bilateral cerebral palsy, and to compare these findings with a historical control group. Methods. A prospective cohort study followed 39 children who commenced using postural management equipment under 18 months of age. Levels of ability, type and amount of equipment use and treatments were recorded every three months. At 30 and 60 months, the hips were X‐rayed and the hip migration percentage was measured. The results were compared with the historical control group. Results. Children who used equipment at recommended and moderate levels had significantly less chance of both hips being subluxed than those using equipment at minimal levels (two‐tailed Fisher's exact χ2 p = 0.024). The frequency of children with hip problems was significantly less in the intervention group in comparison to the historical control group at five years (χ2 = 11.53, df = 2, p = 0.006). The frequency of children receiving bilateral or unilateral treatments, i.e. surgery, use of a hip and spinal orthosis and/or botulinum toxin injections, in the intervention group was significantly less compared to the historical control group (two‐tailed Fisher's exact p = 0.001). Conclusion. The early provision of postural management equipment has a role to play in reducing the number of hip problems and therefore the need for treatment of hip subluxation/dislocation in cerebral palsy at five years of age. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A prospective qualitative exploration of views about attending pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Bulley Catherine , Donaghy Marie , Howden Stella , Salisbury Lisa , Whiteford Suzanne , Mackay Elaine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been found to be an effective strategy for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, attendance at such programmes is not optimal, therefore, this study aimed to develop an in‐depth understanding of views regarding attendance at pulmonary rehabilitation and experiences which may have shaped these views. Methods. An inductive qualitative study was carried out within the framework of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five female and four male individuals with COPD who had been referred for pulmonary rehabilitation participated in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were conducted prior to participation in pulmonary rehabilitation. Results. Three main themes were identified that related to views about attending pulmonary rehabilitation. The first is entitled ‘Desired benefits of attending pulmonary rehabilitation’, which described realistic hopes about impact on daily life. The second theme was called ‘Evaluating the threat of exercise’, and it encompassed both positive and negative evaluations; some interviewees described fear and avoidance of exercise, while others were determined to overcome symptoms. These attitudes extended to views about pulmonary rehabilitation. The third theme was called ‘Attributing value to pulmonary rehabilitation’. Contrasting opinions about the value of attending pulmonary rehabilitation appeared to be influenced by the nature of prior interactions with health personnel and systems as well as information about the programme provided at referral. The referrer's attitude towards pulmonary rehabilitation appeared to be particularly influential. Conclusion. In summary, when considering rehabilitation attendance, potential participants are able to identify possible benefits, but previous experiences of symptoms and attitudes towards their condition can influence views both positively and negatively. Information and enthusiasm conveyed by the referring clinician, as well as previous interactions with health professionals can have powerful impact on views about attending. Referral practices should be informative and enthusiastic to increase the likelihood of uptake. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT study on the role of methanol solvent in Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction
Authors: Fan Jian‐Fen , Yang Chun‐Hong , He Liang‐Jun 
Published: February 2009

AbstractB3LYP/6‐311++G** calculations have been carried out to study the role of methanol solvent in the trimethylamine‐catalyzed Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction between acraldehyde and formaldehyde with CPCM solvent method and supramolecular model with one explicit CH3OH solvent molecule, respectively. The optimized geometries and energies of the reactant complexes, intermediates, transition states, and products of the two reaction channels (corresponding to the scenarios of syn‐ and anti‐acraldehyde, respectively) were obtained, and the relative energy profiles were completed. The results reveal that CH3OH solvent molecules can stabilize the zwitterionic intermediates and largely reduce the barrier of H transfer process by taking part in the formation of the transition state in this process. CC bond formation step is the rate‐determining step of the whole reaction cycle. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Chiral discrimination in hydrogen‐bonded complexes of butan‐2‐ol (m‐form) and hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yin Aixia , Zhang Guiqiu , Chen Dezhan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA theoretical study was reported on the chiral discrimination of different chiral formers of hydrogen‐bonded complexes of butan‐2‐ol (m‐form of “ga,” “ag,” and “gg”) with hydrogen peroxide. This completes, together with previous results on the butan‐2‐ol (h‐form)···HOOH complexes [Zhang et al., J Mol Struct (Theochem), 2008, 864, 56], the study of two forms of butan‐2‐ol: m‐form and h‐form. Altogether, 12 minimum structures were located, and they are bound by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The largest chirodiastaltic energy of the two most stable complexes was found for (SM‐2)‐(SP‐2) of “gg”, at −0.238 kcal mol−1 in favor of the SM‐2 complex in the “gg” configuration. The largest diastereofacial energy was found for (SP‐2)‐SP of “ga,” at −3.763 kcal mol−1 in favor of the SP‐2 complex in the “ga” configuration. Moreover, the diastereofacial interactions lead to a preference for the SM‐2 and SP‐2 over the SM and SP for all the butan‐2‐ol (m‐form)···HOOH complexes. The values of the largest chirodiastaltic energy and diastereofacial energy are similar to butan‐2‐ol (h‐form), but the sign of the value (diastereofacial energy) is reverse. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Theoretical study on the second‐order nonlinear optical properties of nonconjugated D‐π‐A chromophores
Authors: Yang Guochun , Su Zhongmin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations have been carried out on nonconjugated D‐π‐A chromophores to investigate the different electron donors and conjugated bridges effects on the molecular nonlinear optical response. The results show that the large second‐order polarizability values can be achieved through careful combination of available electron donors, conjugated bridges for our studied nonconjugated D‐π‐A chromophores. The calculations also provide a clear explanation for the second‐order polarizability changes from the standpoint of transition energies, oscillator strengths, electron density difference, and bond length alternation. Solvent effect has great influence on the second‐order polarizability and electronic absorption spectrum. It is hoped that the results presented in this article will give some hints to the interrelated studies. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Hydromorphological conditions, potential fish habitats and the fish community in a mountain river subjected to variable human impacts, the Czarny Dunajec, Polish Carpathians
Authors: Wyżga B. , Amirowicz A. , Radecki‐Pawlik A. , Zawiejska J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe Czarny Dunajec River, Polish Carpathians, has been considerably modified by channelization and gravel mining‐induced channel incision and it varies in morphology from a single‐thread, incised or regulated channel to an unmanaged, multi‐thread channel. For twelve cross‐sections with between 1 and 4 flow threads, the abundance and diversity of fish fauna were determined by electrofishing and compared with an assessment of hydromorphological river quality and the variation in flow depth, velocity and bed material size. Hydromorphological quality of the river varied between high‐status conditions (Class 1) in unmanaged, multi‐thread cross‐sections with varying proportions of islands and Class 4 in channelized cross‐sections. The increased number of low‐flow channels in a cross‐section was associated with a larger aggregated width of low‐flow channels and greater variation in flow depth, velocity and bed material size. Single‐thread cross‐sections hosted only 2 fish species and 13 individuals on average, whereas 3–4 species and 82 individuals on average were recorded in cross‐sections with four low‐flow channels. Regression analysis indicated that both the number of fish species and individuals increased linearly with increasing variation in depth within a cross‐section and exponentially with improving hydromorphological river quality, while they were unrelated to flow width, suggesting that it is the increase in variability of habitat conditions rather than simple habitat enlargement, that supported the increased abundance and diversity of fish fauna in the multi‐thread cross‐sections. This study shows that the simplification of flow pattern and the resultant degradation of hydromorphological river quality, caused by human impacts, is reflected in remarkable impoverishment of fish communities and that recovery of these communities will require an increase in morphological complexity of the river. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From the myth of a lost paradise to targeted river restoration: forget natural references and focus on human benefits
Authors: Dufour Simon , Piégay Hervé 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the last two decades river restoration has become increasingly a field of research asking a series of complex questions related not just to science but also to society. Why should we restore ecosystems? Is restoration always beneficial? When is it beneficial? What should be the target reference states? What is success and when can it be evaluated? Our objective is to chronicle and discuss the fundamental concepts of reference versus objective, state versus process‐based actions, nature versus culture and ecosystem integrity versus ecosystem benefits driven restoration.We discuss the dynamic and yet unresolved definition of a reference state. Although the desire to re‐create the past is tempting, science has shown that river systems follow complex trajectories frequently making it impossible to return to a previous state. Therefore, restoration goals are moving away from explicitly defining a reference state because of the difficulty of attaining that reference state. We argue that the reference‐based strategy should be progressively replaced by an objective‐based strategy that reflects the practical limitations of developing sustainable landscapes and the emerging importance of accounting for human services of the target ecosystem. After a decade during which natural processes have been the focus of restoration, it appears that particular processes are not equally valuable everywhere and that regional complexity must be better understood to adjust restoration actions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System dynamics and strategy
Authors: Gary Michael Shayne , Kunc Martin , Morecroft John D. W. , Rockart Scott F. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSystem dynamics research has made numerous contributions to a range of management subfields, including operations, organization behavior, marketing, behavioral decision making, and strategy. In this paper, we focus on the role for system dynamics research in making important progress on the defining issue in the field of strategy: why are some firms more profitable than others? Strategy researchers are eager for dynamic theories that explain the evolution of performance differences among firms and are increasingly looking to managerial decision making as the source of dynamics. This interest in dynamics and decision making creates an enormous opportunity for system dynamics researchers as carefully grounded behavioral theories of dynamics flow naturally from the research methods of system dynamics. Building and testing theories that explain longitudinal patterns of performance differences among firms would be an enormous step forward where mainstream strategy approaches have struggled. We identify four promising research paths along these lines for system dynamics research in the field of strategy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a noncontact and long‐term respiration monitoring system using microwave radar for hibernating black bear
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Matsui Takemi , Kawahara Hiroshi , Gotoh Shinji 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop a prototype system for noncontact, noninvasive and unconstrained vital sign monitoring using microwave radar and to use the system to measure the respiratory rate of a Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) during hibernation for ensuring the bear's safety. Ueno Zoological Gardens in Tokyo planned to help the Japanese black bear (female, approximately 2 years of age) going into hibernation. The prototype system has a microwave Doppler radar antenna (10‐GHz frequency, approximately 7 mW output power) for measuring motion of the body surface caused by respiratory activity without making contact with the body. Monitoring using this system was conducted from December 2006 to April 2007. As a result, from December 18, 2006, to March 17, 2007, similar behaviors reported by earlier studies were observed, such as sleeping with curled up posture and not eating, urinating or defecating. During this hibernation period and also around the time of hibernation, the prototype system continuously measured cyclic oscillations. The presence of cyclic vibrations at 8‐sec intervals (about 7 bpm) was confirmed by the system before she entered hibernation on December 3, 2006. The respiratory rate gradually decreased, and during the hibernation period the respiratory rate was extremely low at approximately 2 bpm with almost no change. The results show that motion on the body surface caused by respiratory activity can be measured without touching the animal's body. Thus, the microwave radar employed here can be utilized as an aid in observing vital signs of animals. Zoo Biol 28:259–270, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Choose and Book: An Audit of the Appropriateness of Referrals and Their Effect on Patients' Attendance to An Inner City Hospital Secondary Care Provider
Authors: Pisipati Sailaja , Chow Karyee , Payne Stephen R. 
Published: February 2009

Conventional, paper-based, urological referral has been challenged by the computer-based, choose and book (C&B) system. To determine the efficiency of this new system, we audited the appropriateness of these bookings, the percentage that required re-direction, the reasons for doing so and the ‘did not attend’ (DNA) rate. 1147 electronic bookings were made to different urological clinics between June 2006 and August 2007. The patient's age, date and type of clinic originally booked to, via C&B, and finally re-directed to was collected from our C&B record, PAS and Medisec. 1952 referrals via all modes were identified between April and November, 2006 and data on patient demographics, type of referral and whether attended or DNA was recorded. Nearly a quarter of C&B appointments were re-directed, due to referrals being made to an inappropriate clinic, inappropriate consultant, inappropriate speciality, to the wrong hospital. Additionally, 32.3% were inappropriately prioritised, 7% being given inappropriate urgency and 25.3% not enough priority. DNA rate (18.9%) was higher for bookings made via C&B when compared to bookings made via standard paper-based GP referrals (15.3%). Although C&B facilitates patients to make their choice of appointments, nearly a quarter of our patients had arrangements made inappropriate to their needs. This meant consultants still had to screen referrals and increased workload on ancillary staff. Despite being offered a choice, DNA rate was high in referrals via C&B. Refinement of C&B pathways may reduce this inefficiency but the inflexibility of this system makes it an inefficient way of referring urological cases.
Liver X receptor β with mutations in the activation function‐2 region is excluded from the nucleolus
Authors: Lall Rajuli , Kuruvilla Sarah , Prüfer Kirsten 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLiver X receptors (LXRs) α and β are ligand‐induced transcription factors that regulate transcription of genes encoding key regulators of cholesterol metabolism and transport, and of lipogenesis. Despite their high similarity, LXRα is the functionally dominant LXR isotype in the liver. The function of nuclear proteins can be affected by their sequestration in the nucleoli. Whereas most nuclear receptors are excluded from the nucleolus, some are not. To explore nucleolar exclusion of LXRα and LXRβ, we used cells expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) chimeras with LXRα (CFP‐LXRα) and wild‐type and mutant CFP‐LXRβ and marked the nucleolus with anti‐fibrillarin antibody. Significantly more CFP‐LXRβ than CFP‐LXRα in the nucleoli. Mutations in basic‐rich sequences in the DNA binding domain caused some exclusion of CFP‐LXRβ from the nucleolus. Moreover, mutations in the activation function‐2, an important protein–protein interaction site in all nuclear receptors, resulted in exclusion of CFP‐LXRβ from the nucleolus. These data suggest protein–protein interactions that may regulate nucleolar sequestration of LXRβ.
Early multidisciplinary evaluation and advice was ineffective for whiplash‐associated disorders
Authors: Pape Eivind , Hagen Kåre B. , Brox Jens I. , Natvig Bård , Schirmer Helge 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: Whiplash is the most common type of injury reported in traffic accidents, but the effectiveness of conservative treatment for whiplash lacks evidence.Aims: To assess the effect of early multidisciplinary evaluation and advice on the frequency of chronic neck pain three years post‐injury in persons with minor or moderate traffic injuries.Methods: In an insurance setting, we tested the effect by (1) a risk score matched prospective cohort design, (2) a propensity score matched nested case‐control design and, (3) a risk and propensity score adjusted multivariate analysis in an unmatched prospective cohort design. We simulated unobserved risk and propensity factors to evaluate the robustness of the results for hidden bias.Results: All three designs showed a significantly increased risk for chronic neck pain among those who received the intervention compared to those who did not. The relative risks ranged from 1.7 (95% CI: 1.0–2.6) to 2.6 (95% CI: 1.5–4.0). The results were robust to hidden bias.Conclusion: The consistency of the findings across the different designs strongly suggest that early multidisciplinary evaluation and advice increased the risk of having chronic neck pain three years following a minor or moderate traffic injury. Literally, the intervention may therefore have done more harm than good.