bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at a Community Hospital in Flint, Michigan, in Early 2020: Characteristics and Mortality
Authors: Kalantary, Atefeh , Santiago-Rivera Olga J. , Dutta Arunima , Davies Chace , Malik Bilal , Sud Parul , Al-Sanouri Ibrahim 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION Despite the many studies conducted on the factors affecting mortality in patients with COVID-19, there is ongoing debate about the role of race as a risk factor. Several studies have reported a geographic and racial disparity in COVID-19 cases in Michigan. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of the 2020 first cohort of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients admitted to a community teaching hospital in Flint, Michigan, and to determine the factors associated with ICU mortality, including race. METHODS This cross-sectional study included adult patients (≥ 18 years) with severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the ICU between March and May 2020. Potential risk factors associated with ICU mortality included demographic characteristics, comorbidities, treatments, and complications. RESULTS The study sample consisted of N = 48 patients, aged 24–85 years, (mean 59.7; SD = 12.8); 56.2% (n=27) were male and 51.1% (n=24) were Black adults. The mortality rate was 51.1%. Age (aOR 1.1, 95% CI [1.01, 1.20]; p =0.03), type 2 diabetes (aOR 5.7, 95% CI [1.2, 29.1]; p =0.03), and essential hypertension (aOR 6.2, 95% CI [1.1, 34.5]; p =0.04) were all found to have statistically significant independent associations with increased risk of ICU mortality in this study sample. On the other hand, race was not found to be associated with ICU mortality. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the literature regarding the association of comorbid conditions, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, with poorer outcomes in ICU hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. This study provides insight into mortality of an ICU patient cohort earlier on during the COVID-19 pandemic in Flint, Michigan.
PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT HUKUM H.L.A Hart dan Ronald Dworkin
Authors: Furqon Abdil Azizul , Pardomuan Jaury Douglas , Joseph Michael Geovani , Joesoef Iwan Erar 
Published: March 2024

This article focuses on the Constitutional Court decision no. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 which has attracted a lot of attention from experts and practitioners in the field. So the author is interested in studying the decision using the perspective of Hart and Dworkin's legal philosophy. The method used in writing is normative juridical with a case study approach and statutory regulations. Regarding the data collection method used is literature study. Based on the author's analysis, it can be concluded that if we use H.L.A. Hart's legal philosophy, the Constitutional Court Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 is in line with his framework of thought. However, if you use Dworkin's concept of thought, Constitutional Court Decision no. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 is contrary to the legal concept of integrity

Penulisan artikel ini berfokus pada putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 yang sempat menarik banyak perhatian dari ahli hingga praktisi di bidang. Sehingga penulis tertarik untuk mengkaji putusan tersebut dengan menggunakan perspektif filsafat hukum Hart dan Dworkin. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan adalah yuridis normative dengan metode pendekatan studi kasus dan peraturan perundang-undangan. Mengenai metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka. Berdasarkan analisis penulis maka dapat disimpulkan jika menggunakan filsafat hukum H.L.A Hart maka Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 selaras dengan kerangkan pemikirannya. Namun apabila menggunakan konsep pemikiran Dworkin, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 ini bertentangan dengan konsep hukum sebagai integritas
PEMBATASAN USIA TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DARI ANAK NARAPIDANA PEREMPUAN
Authors: Arif Ingrid Angelina Lukito , Retno Wulan Evi 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis ratio legis ketentuan pembatasan usia anak dari narapidana perempuan di lembaga pemasyarakatan perempuan pada pasal 62 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 . Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hak-hak anak usia dini dari narapidana perempuan belum sepenuhnya terjamin dalam kerangka hukum yang ada. Dalam pengaturan ketentuan perlindungan hukum ini masih belum maksimal dalam menentukan batasan usia anak dari narapidana perempuan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan perbaikan kebijakan pembatasan usia perlindungan hukum bagi anak usia dini dari narapidana perempuan dan memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang pembatasan usia perlindungan hukum bagi anak usia dini dari narapidana perempuan di lembaga pemasyarakatan.
The Utilization of Press-Fit Total Knee Arthroplasty is Not Evenly Distributed: A National Registry Review
Authors: Jabbouri Sahir S. , Jones Brett , Alemayehu Gabriel , Jimenez Emily , Mullen Kyle , Bernstein Jenna 
Published: March 2024

Background:
This study evaluates trends of cemented versus press-fit total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We hypothesized that press-fit TKA is more common in younger and obese patients. There may also be racial, geographic, and institutional variation.

Methods:
The American Joint Replacement Registry was used to conduct a retrospective review of primary TKA procedures for osteoarthritis in the United States between January 2019 and March 2022. The objective was to identify differences in incidence, demographics, body mass index (BMI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and institutional teaching status (teaching vs. non-teaching) between press-fit and cemented TKAs.

Results:
Two hundred ninety-seven thousand four hundred two patients (61% female, average age 68 years, 88.3% White) underwent cemented TKA versus 50,880 patients (52% female, average age 65 years, 89% White) underwent press-fit TKA. Overall, 20.8% of press-fit versus 19.9% of cemented TKA had a BMI of 35 to 39.9 and 15.2% of press-fit versus 12.5% of cemented TKA had BMI >40 (P < 0.001). Patients undergoing press-fit TKA were less likely Black (OR = 0.727; P < 0.0001), Asian (OR = 0.651, P < 0.0001), and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (OR = 0.705, P < 0.02) with White as the reference group. Northeastern and Southern United States were more likely to use press-fit TKA than the Midwest (OR = 1.89 and OR = 1.87, P < 0.0001) and West (OR = 1.67; and OR = 1.65; P < 0.0001). Press-fit TKA incidence in 2019 was 9.9% versus 20.6% in 2022 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Press-fit TKA is increasingly more common in Northeastern and Southern United States, and patients are older than expected. Patients with BMI >35 had a slightly higher rate of undergoing press-fit than cemented TKA. Notable racial differences also exist. Additional research addressing racial disparities and evaluating longevity of press-fit designs is needed.
Article: Critical Allies and Core Geopolitics in Minerals Trade: Devising a Strategy for India
Authors: Janardhan Sparsha , Bhattacharya Aparna 
Published: March 2024

The shifting geopolitical landscape and the increased demand for critical minerals in the efforts towards green transition have underscored the need to build predictable and resilient mineral supply chains. With the fundamental idea of strengthening economic resilience and ensuring security of supply, countries are increasingly resorting to reshoring, friend-shoring and nearshoring policies in critical minerals trade. Against this backdrop, this article summarizes WTO rules governing international trade in critical minerals and examines emerging international legal trends shaping trade and supply chains in critical minerals. It offers recommendations for devising India’s strategy for critical minerals taking into account the security of supply, international trade rules and other commercial considerations.
critical minerals, supply chains, international trade, WTO, India
Programa de capacitación docente para mejorar las competencias en el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas
Authors: Cedeño Ávila Johana Rocibel , Rivadeneira Barreiro Lucía , Rivadeneira Barreiro María Piedad 
Published: March 2024

Introducción: Tras un análisis minucioso, se identificaron deficiencias en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas por parte de los educadores de la Escuela "Charapotó N°75"
Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio se basa en diseñar un programa de capacitación docente para mejorar las competencias sobre la apropiación de las Tecnologías de la Información
Métodos: Para la elaboración de la investigación se utilizó un enfoque mixto donde se empleó la entrevista y cuestionario como técnicas de recolección de datos, enfocada en una población de 22 docentes pertenecientes a la institución. Para el enfoque cuantitativos se empleó el método Iadov y para el análisis se usó estadística descriptiva, mientras que se realizó análisis de contenido para datos cualitativos.
Conclusiones: Como resultados del estudio se pudo observar una baja apropiación de medios informáticos por parte de los educadores. Por otro lado, por medio del cuestionario aplicado posterior al programa se destaca una mejora del 77% en el empleo de herramientas digitales, además de un índice de satisfacción general del 93%. En conclusión, los programas de capacitación para apropiación de recursos informáticos no solo brindan beneficios prácticos para mejorar las competencias de los educadores, además respaldan la importancia de la formación continua para una educación innovadora.
Van vrijheid naar gelijkheid
Authors: Nickolson Lars 
Published: March 2024

From liberty to equality – Shifting views on religious freedom in parliamentary debates about the Dutch Equal Treatment Act (1985-2014)
Disputes about religious freedom are often interpreted as clashes between (perspectives of) liberty and equality, with the latter seen as increasingly gaining the upper hand in contemporary (Western) liberal democracies. This article elaborates these competing liberty- and equality-based perspectives by contrasting their respective views on questions of competence, rights and interests. Furthermore, it provides a detailed reconstruction of the shift towards the egalitarian view in Dutch parliamentary debates about a general anti-discrimination law between 1985 and 2014.
Sofrimento psíquico dos cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes autistas
Authors: Motta Maria Eduarda Carvalho Dias , Cerqueira Ana Carolina Dantas Rocha , Melo Danielle Cavalcante , Oliveira Cauani da Silva , Ferreira Filho José Aderivaldo Batista , Silva Rebeca de Sousa Costa da , Farias Hellen Priscila Marques 
Published: March 2024

O autismo é um transtorno global de desenvolvimento que vem crescendo significativamente no Brasil e no mundo. Diante da grande demanda requerida para os cuidados das crianças e adolescentes autistas, os pais podem ter sua saúde mental comprometida. O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a presença de sofrimento psíquico nos cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes autistas. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 50 cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes autistas. Os dados foram coletados de abril a julho de 2022 no Capsi Intervenção Precoce. Usou-se dois instrumentos de coleta de dados, o Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) e um questionário semiestruturado para caracterização demográfica, socioeconômica e de saúde dos participantes. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética, com parecer de número: 5.320.606. A prevalência de sofrimento psíquico foi de 62%, os sintomas psíquicos mais prevalentes foram o nervosismo, tensão ou preocupação (68%), dificuldades para realizar com satisfação suas atividades diárias (62%), sentir-se cansado o tempo todo (62%), sentir-se triste ultimamente (60%), dormir mal (58%) e ter dores de cabeça frequente (52%). Conclui-se que a prevalência de sofrimento psíquico na população estudada foi de 62%, o que pode ser apontada como alta independente do contexto considerado, sendo urgente maior atenção à saúde mental das mães, para que sintomas leves de desgaste mental e emocional não evoluam para um quadro grave de transtorno mental.
Analysis of the Transformation of Residential Open Spaces from Center of Activities to Empty Enclosures
Authors: Alvi Fatima Nasir , Gulzar Saima , Sajjad Syed Faisal 
Published: March 2024

This research paper looks at four factors resulting in transformation of residential open space specifically the courtyard, from centre of activities to empty enclosures. These factors are historical, cultural, society and gender. Predominantly this research looks at residential space in Lahore from a feminist perspective; tracing and analysing it from a gender based socio-cultural aspect of connectivity to individuality. Rapid social and demographic changes are resulting in a new future of residential architecture in our part of the world, leading to cultural changes where globalization is one of the major factors. The structure has evolved overtime from a traditional joint family unit to a nuclear family unit which is a major shift resulting from this phenomenon. A qualitative research approach using purposive sampling method was employed. The findings highlight the importance of these open and semi covered spaces towards a healthy and connected social life fostering activities of relaxation.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Materi Getaran dan Gelombang untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Noer Hanifah Khinanti , Budiyanto Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mendeskripsikan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada materi getaran dan gelombang, 2) mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing materi getaran dan gelombang, dan 3) mendeskripsikan respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing pada materi getaran dan gelombang. Desain penelitian menggunakan one group pretest-posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP kelas VIII SMPN 9 Gresik dan jumlah sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII-H yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, tes hasil belajar, dan angket respon siswa. Uji normalitas menggunakan metode Shapiro Wilk dan teknik analisis yang digunakan yakni uji t dan analisis N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 1) persentase keterlaksanaan penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing berada dalam kategori sangat baik, 2) terdapat peningkatan rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan kategori baik, dan 3) diperoleh modus skor sebesar 3 respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan kategori baik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa 1) penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing terlaksana dengan sangat baik, 2) penerapan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, dan 3) respon siswa positif terhadap pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing.
The Ethical and Social Impact of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pi Wenyi 
Published: March 2024

<strong>
Addressing Misinformation, Bias, and Privacy Concerns
</strong>
Author:
<strong>
Wenyi Pi (ORCID:
</strong>
<strong>
0009–0002–2884–2771
</strong>
<strong>
)
</strong>
Recently, the spread of false or misinformation has become an important concern for people all over the world, especially in the era of big data and multimedia, where people are faced with a flood of information that makes it difficult to determine its authenticity.
Ethnicized Politics in Kenya
Authors: Ndungú Robert 
Published: March 2024

This paper aimed at examining ethnicized politics in Kenya and their contribution to elections and public governance from independence to date. This paper looks into the historical context of ethnicized politics in Kenya and events that have entrenched this undesirable factor of Kenya political landscape from colonialization to date. The paper demonstrates how political elites take advantages over their ethnic groups to form political parties that enable them to occupy positions of leadership as tribal chiefs, As politicians they purport to advance their ethnic group’s political interest but their aim is to form governments and to consolidate power. The paper shows that ethnicized politics have led to marginalization of small tribes and their subsequent resentments that have resulted to major conflicts like the post elections violence of 2007, the conflicts witnessed in 2017 and the post elections tensions of 2022. Ethnicized politics have led to demonstrations and political violence in Kenya leading to loss of life and property, human rights violation and abuse of the rule of law. The paper recommends de-escalation of ethnicized politics and enhanced national cohesion. It advocates for granting of national jobs to individuals based on meritocracy rather than ethnicity.
The Afro-European Energy Diplomacy, a Historical Reconstruction from 1973 to 2007
Authors: Ferri Chiara 
Published: March 2024

The history of international relations has as its main source diplomatic documents, among them treaties and international agreements. As Mario Toscano stated, (Mario Toscano, 1963) diplomatic documents are written statements of facts (actions or simple expressions of thought) coming from institutional bodies acting in inter-state relations. Inside the framework of diplomacy, recently emerged a new branch: energy diplomacy. This latter is a complex topic in the broad framework of the Afro- European diplomatic relations and, over the years, has continuously evolved due to endogenous and exogenous factors. Since up to now, there's no historical rebuilding of how Afro- European diplomatic representors have acted to build energy diplomacy, to start analyzing it, the time-space considered in this research is the following: from the 1973 oil crisis to the 2007 Lisbon Treaty (Joint Africa-EU Strategy). The relevance of this research consists of filling the historical gaps that we have about this topic between the area studies and those in the European Integration, trying to have a more super partes and complete vision as possible.This research even if now in its first stage, will contribute to providing a logical combination of data to rebuild and comprehend the evolution of Afro- European energy diplomatic relations. For this purpose, the literary review indicated may help to define the broad framework in which Africa and Europe started to cooperate in scientific terms and, also give suggestions on how to act also in these times of energy crises.
Keywords: Africa, Europe, oil crises, energy diplomacy
Further phenotypic and genetic variation in ADULT syndrome
Authors: Reisler Tom T. , Patton Michael A. , Meagher Peter P.J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractADULT (Acro‐dermato‐ungual‐lacrimal‐tooth) syndrome is characterized by ectrodactyly, syndactyly, fingernail and toenail dysplasia, hypoplasia of the breast and nipple, excessive freckling, lacrimal duct atresia, frontal alopecia, primary hypodontia, and/or early loss of permanent teeth. It is a rare autosomal dominant disorder which has been linked to mutation in the p63 gene. The p63 gene has been described in five overlapping limb malformation syndromes including the EEC syndrome (ectodermal ectrodactyly clefting). We report on the first case of ADULT syndrome of a mother and daughter with a new mutation R227Q in exon 6 of the p63 gene. This has not been previously associated with ADULT syndrome but only seen in EEC. In addition to the previously reported features of ADULT syndrome this report also describes some additional findings including hyperextensibility at the distal interphalageal joints, bilateral thumb duplication, bifid toenails, symptoms of urinary retention, vesicoureteric reflux, prominent ears, conductive hearing loss, and an overgrowth of a patch of hair in the midline of the neck. This report expands the knowledge of genotype–phenotype data on the p63 gene and suggests there may be a considerable overlap between the EEC syndrome and the ADULT syndrome. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microdeletion and microduplication 22q11.2 screening in 295 patients with clinical features of DiGeorge/Velocardiofacial syndrome
Authors: Brunet Anna , Gabau Elisabeth , Perich Rosa Maria , Valdesoiro Laura , Brun Carme , Caballín Maria Rosa , Guitart Miriam 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe 22q11.2 region is susceptible to chromosomal rearrangements, leading to various types of congenital malformation and mental retardation. The most common anomaly is 22q11.2 microdeletion, associated with DiGeorge/Velocardiofacial syndrome (DG/VCFS). Recently the microduplication 22q11.2 syndrome has been identified. Some clinical features in patients with this new chromosomal disorder present a substantial overlap with DG/VCFS. The aim of this hospital‐based study was to evaluate the incidence of deletions and duplications on 22q11.2 in patients with DG/VCFS features. We investigated a group of 295 patients with widely variable manifestations associated with DG/VCFS. Along with the clinical diagnoses different anomalies were noted such as conotruncal cardiac anomaly, velopharyngeal insufficiency, characteristic facial dysmorphic features, language impairment, developmental delay/learning difficulties, and immunologic anomalies or thymic hypoplasia. Laboratory studies included conventional cytogenetic and FISH testing. Metaphase and interphase cells were analyzed for the presence of 22q11.2 microdeletion or microduplication. There were 12 patients who carried 22q11.2 microdeletion and no microduplication in the region was identified. Other chromosomal anomalies were reported in five patients with an overlapped DG/VCFS phenotype. All patients with 22q11.2 microdeletion showed a characteristic phenotype of DG/VCFS. We did not identify 22q11.2 microduplication, suggesting that this is a rare event in patients with DG/VCFS features. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DLL3 as a candidate gene for vertebral malformations
Authors: Giampietro Philip F. , Raggio Cathleen L. , Reynolds Cory , Ghebranious Nader , Burmester James K. , Glurich Ingrid , Rasmussen Kristen , McPherson Elizabeth , Pauli Richard M. , Shukla Sanjay K. , Merchant Sajid , Jacobsen F. Stig , Faciszewski Thomas , Blank Robert D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInvestigations have not identified a major locus for congenital vertebral malformations. Based on observations in mice, we hypothesized that mutations in DLL3, a member of the notch‐signaling pathway, might contribute to human vertebral malformations. We sequenced the DLL3 gene in 50 patients with congenital vertebral malformations. A Caucasian male patient with VACTERL manifestations including a T5–T6 block vertebrae was heterozygous for a “G” to “A” missense mutation changing glycine to arginine at codon 269. This residue is conserved in mammals, including chimpanzee, mouse, dog, and rat. Additional testing in the patient did not show evidence of chromosome abnormalities. The patient's asymptomatic mother was also heterozygous for the missense mutation. Since this mutation was not observed in a control population and leads to an amino acid change, it may be clinically significant. The mutation was not found in a control population of 87 anonymous individuals. Several established mechanisms could explain the mutation in both the patient and his asymptomatic mother (susceptibility allele requiring additional environmental factors, somatic mosaicism, multigenic inheritance). Documenting the absence of the mutation in a larger control population or the presence of the mutation in additional affected patients, or documenting a functional difference in DLL3 would provide further evidence supporting its causal role. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.