bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental extrinsic allergic alveolitis induced in the guinea‐pig with Streptomyces olivaceus
Authors: BLACKBURN C. R. B. , GREEN W. F. 
Published: April 2006

Summary Streptomyces olivaceus was isolated from the roof‐thatch of New Guinea huts, and a soluble extract was prepared from it. Using sera from New Guinea natives as a source of precipitating antibody, the S. olivaceus antigen showed a reaction of partial identity with antigens in crude roof‐thatch extracts.The inhalation of aerosols of S. olivaceus antigen by guinea‐pigs, previously given parenteral doses of the same antigenic solution, induced extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
Weather and the grass pollen content of the air
Authors: DAVIES R. R. , SMITH L. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMeteorological factors affecting the grass pollen content of the air‐streams over London during the period 1961–70 are examined. Seasonal variations in pollen catch are eliminated by translating pollen concentrations into pollen units, and the elfect of rain, temperature, sunshine, convection, wind direction and strength examined independently by the adjustment of the other parameters to standard values. Rainfall of 2 mm or more on the day of observation reduces the pollen count. Wind direction and pollen catch are correlated with the areas of grassland in the ‘home counties’. It is shown that airborne grass pollen concentrations are positively correlated with day maximum temperature and hours of bright sunshine when the pattern of pollen release is taken into account. Strong wind and convection decrease pollen concentrations since the pollen cloud is distributed through a deeper layer of air.
The role of Penicillium frequentans in suberosis (Respiratory disease in workers in the cork industry)
Authors: ÁVILA R. , LACEY J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe widespread occurrence of spores of Penicillium frequentans in the air of a Portuguese cork factory was associated with the presence of precipilins against it in 3%, of exposed workers and a high incidence of radiological and functional changes in their lungs.Patients with suberosis gave positive reactions in skin tests with extracts of the fungus, and their inhalation as aerosols provoked characteristic symptoms.Cork particles were less numerous in the air and larger than P. frequenyansn spores, hut numbers were correlated with the incidence of precipilins in workers and it is suggested that they may have a role in sensitization and the pathology of the disease. However, P. frequentans seems to be the source of antigens in suherosis and accounts for the antigenicity of mouldy cork.
The epidemiological and allergic features of asthma in the New Guinea Highlands
Authors: ANDERSON H. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAsthma in the New Guinea Highlands is of interest because of its reported rarity. In the Eastern Highlands, seventy‐one cases of asthma were investigated over a 12 month period. In addition, a whole village community of 2000 people was examined for wheezing illness. In children and adolescents asthma was extremely uncommon with no case being identified in the community study and the youngest hospital case being 10 years old. The prevalence of active asthma in adults was estimated to be 0.2–0.3%. Compared with European countries, the age at onset was much later with 58% starling after the age of 30 years. The sex ratio was almost equal.Cutaneous sensitivity to allergens was assessed using the prick lest. In asthmatics, reactions to D. pteronyssinus were positive in all cases. Multiple sensitivities were common and did not diminish with increasing age at onset. In 335 unselected controls of all ages, 19% were positive to allergens, 14% of them to D. pteronyssinus. D. pteronyssinus was identified in ail house dust samples from both village and urban dwellings. Asthma occurred in both traditional and European‐influenced environments, but the importance of social change remains uncertain.
Anaphylactic sensitivity to human seminal fluid
Authors: FRANKLAND A. W. , PARISH W. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA patient is described who had generalized allergic symptoms due to a specific allergy to her second husband's seminal fluid. The woman's serum contained a heat labile reaginic IgE antibody that conferred anaphylactic sensitivity on human and monkey skin. The antigen is a glycoprotein of the seminal plasma.
The relationship of leucocyte adenyl cyclase activity and airways response to beta blockade and allergen challenge in extrinsic asthma
Authors: PATLL K. R. , LSTON W. C. A , KERR J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySix patients with active extrinsic bronchial asthma showed a diminished leucocyte adenyl cyclase response to isoproterenol whereas seven patients in remission showed a significant increase in cyclic AMP when their cells were stimulated with isoproterenol. A significant difference in the control (basal) values of leucocyte adenyl cyclase activity between the patients with active asthma and those in remission suggests that in the active phase of asthma beta adrenergic receptors are maximally stimulated by circulating endogenous catecholamines and further stimulation with sympathomimetic amines becomes increasingly difficult. In this situation, the minor alpha receptor stimulating effect of adrenaline may become dominant and cause adrenaline reversal which is commonly observed in status asthmaticus. The leucocyte adenyl cyclase activity and its responsiveness to catecholamines did not relate to airways response induced by beta blockade or allergen challenge, nor was there any correlation between the activity of this enzyme and the total circulating reagins. These results together with the observations of reduced metabolic responses to adrenaline administration in patients with severe degree of asthma suggest that the reduced beta receptor function in asthma may reflect a failing counter‐regulatory mechanism rather than be considered the cause of bronchial hyper‐reactivity and atopic state in asthma. The airways response to beta blockade and allergen challenge depends on the initial or basal bronchomolor lone. The differing airways response to beta blockade in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis may be of clinical importance in classifying patients with obstructive airways disease.
Intra‐nasal beclomethasone dipropionate and intra‐nasal sodium cromoglycate: a comparative trial
Authors: CHATTERJEE S. S. , NASSAR W. Y. , WILSON OLIVE , BUTLER A. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTen patients with either seasonal allergic or perennial rhinitis were treated with intra‐nasal beclomethasone dipropionate B.P. (Beconase) and nine comparable patients were treated with sodium cromoglycate B.P. (Rynacrom). The beclomethasone dipropionate was administered as 50 μg per puff into each nostril three times a day and the sodium cromoglycate as one capsule insufflated into each nostril four times a day. Treatments were allocated on a randomized basis and each patient received a course of treatment lasting 2 weeks during the summer of 1973 when the pollen counts were high. Utilizing patient daily symptom diary cards, physician's assessment and by examination of the nasal mucosa prior to and at the end of treatment, it was concluded that both intra‐nasal beclomethasone dipropionate and intra‐nasal sodium cromoglycate effect a reduction in the symptoms associated with rhinitis. No side effects of importance were noted, nor were there any adverse changes observed in the state of the nasal mucosa.
The radioallergosorbent test in the in vitro diagnosis of multiple reaginic allergy
Authors: HAVNEN J. , APOLD J. , HVATUM M. , OSEID S. , AAS K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe results of skin and bronchial tests and of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with allergen extract preparations from two different producers were compared. Eleven allergic children were tested with dog allergens and, with one exception, with birch and timothy pollen allergens. Both types of allergen extract preparation were standardized with respect to their allergenic activity. A good correlation was found between the results of the clinical diagnostic tests and the results of RAST. RAST and skin testing were equally effective as a supplement to case history for predicting the presence or absence of clinical allergy to the particular allergens. A good agreement was obtained in the results with the two different extract preparations. It was concluded that different preparations of allergen extracts may be used interchangeably in the in vivo and the in vitro systems on condition that all extract preparations have been standardized with respect to biological allcrgenic activity.
Observations on biphasic bronchial reactions due to inhalation of enzymes of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: DIJKMAN J. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of disodium cromoglycate, thiazinamium and prednisone on immediate and late type allergic bronchial reactions was studied in four patients with biphasic bronchial obstruction due to inhalation of Bacillus subtilis enzymes. The immediate reaction (type 1 allergy) was not influenced by any of these drugs. Disodium cromoglycate seemed to ameliorate the late reaction, which was very much depressed by prednisone. Thiazinamium, an antihistamine drug, did not alter the immediate nor the late phase of the reaction. The data suggest that the pathogenetical mechanism involved in Bacillus subtilis allergy may differ from that initiating bronchial reactions to pollen or house dust.
Treatment of nasal polyps with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol
Authors: MYGIND N. , PEDERSEN C. BRAKE , PRYTZ S. , SØRENSEN H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a double‐blind trial thirty‐five patients with moderately‐severe nasal polyposis were treated with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol for 3 weeks. The dose given (400 γg/day) had only local effect on the symptoms. Judged by diary card scores the nasal symptoms were reduced to 52% of the pre‐trial level for the whole group. Corrected for the placebo effect the percentage was 68. The reduction of symptoms was equally apportioned to the three symptoms, sneezing, nasal secretion and blockage.The treatment was tolerated well, and it is concluded that intranasal treatment with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol offers most patients with nasal polyps a good response without any risk of systemic steroid side‐effects.
Investigations of allergic status and blood counts in Chinese patients receiving daily or intermittent rifampicin in Hong Kong
Authors:   A HONG KONG TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT SERVICES/BRITISH MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL INVESTIGATION
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a controlled trial in Hong Kong, 575 Chinese patients with pulmonary tuberculosis whose treatment with first‐line regimens had failed were allocated at random to the following retreatment regimens of chemotherapy.(1) Rifampicin plus ethambutol daily (ER7).(2) Rifampicin plus ethambutol twice a week (ER2).(3) Rifampicin plus ethambutol once a week (ER1).(4) Rifampicin plus ethambutol daily for 2 months and then once a week (ER7ER1).(5) Ethionamide plus pyrazinamide plus cycloserine daily for 6 months and then ethionamide plus pyrazinamide daily (EtZC), as a control regimen.Answers to a questionnaire on allergic disease, the results of prick tests with standard allergens, ABO blood grouping, size of tuberculin response during chemotherapy, and a rifampicin patch test showed no associations with the occurrence of adverse reactions to daily or intermittent rifampicin.Mantoux testing during chemotherapy provided no evidence of an immuno‐suppressive effect of rifampicin.Mean platelet counts at 12 months were significantly lower than those at 3 months on the two once‐weekly regimens (ER1, ER7ER1) and on the control regimen (EtZC), although still within normal limits. At 3 months, but not at 12 months, mean platelet counts on the two once‐weekly regimens were significantly lower 6 hr after a dose of the regimen than they were before the dose.
Asthma and IgE levels in rural and urban communities of The Gambia
Authors: GODFREY R. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo hundred and thirty‐one randomly selected schoolchildren and adults from rural Gambian villages showed no evidence of asthma, nor could any case of asthma be found in three rural villages with a total population of over 1200. In contrast, asthmatic patients were identified without difficulty in the capital town. The geometric mean serum IgE level of 131 rural schoolchildren was 962 u/ml, whereas that of sixty age‐matched urban schoolchildren was 368 u/ml (P<0.001). Forty‐four asthmatics, all from the capital town, had a mean serum IgE level of 405 u/ml, not significantly different from that of urban schoolchildren.Twenty‐one asthmatics showed skin sensitivity to house dust mite antigen, but their IgE levels were not significantly higher than asthmatics without skin sensitivity. The incidence of positive skin tests to mite antigen amongst normal Gambians, both rural and urban, was around 1%.The findings are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that parasite‐induced IgE may prevent the development of atopic illness.
The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol on allergen induced nasal stenosis
Authors: VILSVIK JAN SVERRE , JENSSEN ARNE OLAV , WALSTAD ROLF 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNasal resistance to air flow has been used to evaluate the effect of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol on allergen induced nasal stenosis. Sixteen patients with allergic‐rhinitis due to pollen were investigated in a randomized double‐blind cross‐over study with beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol and placebo aerosol. Only patients reacting to challenge were chosen. The study was carried out in the pollen‐free season.After I week on either active or placebo aerosol a basic resistance value was determined followed by allergen challenge.Nasal resistance was determined 15 min and 7 hr after challenge. The aerosols were changed and after another week the procedure was repeated. There was significant preference (P<0.01) for beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol.
A comparison of intranasal betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: FRANKLAND A. W. , WALKER S. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA double‐blind comparison of betamethasone valerate and sodium cromoglycate both given by the nasal route was carried out in forty patients with seasonal rhinitis caused by grass pollen. All patients kept daily symptom score cards, and half of them measured both oral and nasal peak expiratory flow rates twice daily. Adrenal function was monitored in thirty‐one patients and found to be normal throughout. Sixteen of those patients receiving the steroid aerosol recorded success and two failure of treatment. By contrast, of those receiving sodium cromoglycate there were only two treatment successes and twelve failures. The total symptom score recorded in the group receiving betamethasone valerate was about half that recorded by the sodium cromoglycate group (P<0.01).No difference was observed between the two treatments in respect of nasal peak flow rate; specific IgE blood levels and weal sizes following prick tests were not significantly altered throughout the period of the trial, although total IgE was significantly increased. These results suggest that nasal betamethasone valerate offers patients with allergic rhinitis marked symptomatic benefit without the disadvantages previously associated with steroids.
Vitamin C metabolism and atopic allergy
Authors: WILSON C. W. M. , LOH H. S. , WATTERS K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe procedure tor carrying out the Leucocyte Ascorbic Acid Uptake Direct Antigen Challenge Test (LAADACT) is described. Leucocytes from normal individuals, when incubated in a buffered medium containing ascorbic acid, increase their ascorbic acid concentration by about 80%. When leucocytes from atopic individuals are incubated in a medium containing the antigen to which they are sensitive, as shown by positive skin tests, the leucocyte uptake of ascorbic acid is significantly reduced. Addition of antigen, to which atopic or normal individuals are not sensitive, to the incubation mixture does not reduce leucocyte ascorbic acid uptake. Measurement of ascorbic‐acid uptake into leucocytes is a relatively simple, routine, laboratory procedure. The LAADACT, therefore, provides a quick and accurate blood test for diagnosing sensitivity to specific antigens, and measuring relative anligenic sensitivities. The underlying mechanism of the LAADACT is discussed.
Clinical and immunological studies of beekeepers
Authors: LIGHT WILMA C. , REISMAN ROBERT E. , WYPYCH JOHN I. , ARBESMAN CARL E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐four beekeepers were interviewed and their blood assayed for the presence of antibodies reacting with bee venom, bee venom phospholipase A (PLA), and whole bee body extract. Following a bee sting, most beekeepers experienced only minimal local tissue reaction. Their serum contained high levels of total antibodies (primarily IgG) reacting to bee venom and phospholipase A. These antibody titres correlated with the frequency of bee stings.Bee venom and PLA specific IgE antibodies were present in serum of some beekeepers. Beekeepers who had experienced allergic reactions were characterized by low total antibody and high venom specific IgE antibody titres. Bee body IgE antibodies were found in varying degree and did not correlate with levels of venom IgE antibodies. There was no difference in the titres of bee body IgE in the sera of beekeepers with and without systemic reactions.The data suggest that allergic reactions are mediated by venom specific IgE and immunity is at least in part a function of other antibodies, probably primarily IgG.
Late onset asthma due to inhalation of Aspergillus niger
Authors: JOHNSON THOMAS F. , REISMAN ROBERT E. , ARBESMAN CARL E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryClinical observations and immunological evidence are presented to support a diagnosis of late onset asthma due to exposureto Aspergillus niger in a 70‐year‐old man. Asthma occurred on only three occasions, each time approximately 6 hr after exposure to an area containing Aspergillus niger. His sputum culture contained the same organism. Immunological correlates using the Aspergillus niger extract included positive immediate and late skin tests, histamine release from leukocytes, and serum precipitins.
Pigeon breeders' disease—a prevalence study and review
Authors: CHRISTENSEN LORIMER T. , SCHMIDT C. DUWAYNE , ROBBINS LAMAR 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAmong fifty‐three Salt Lake City. Utah area pigeon fanciers, 21% were found to have the clinical picture of pigeon breeders disease. This is a much higher frequency than has been observed previously. Abnormal spirometry and increased skin reactivity to pigeon sera were found more often, statistically significantly, in symptomatic than in exposed asymptomatic fanciers. Pigeon breeders' disease is associated with a variety of abnormal findings; skin test, precipitins, pulmonary function changes and radio‐graphic derangements: but unfortunately none of these are diagnostic. Pigeon breeders' disease is best identified by clinical criteria.
Pigeon breeder's disease. II. Pigeon antigen induced proliferation of lymphocytes from symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects
Authors: SCHATZ MICHAEL , PATTERSON ROY , FINK JORDAN , MOORE VERNON 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLymphocyte reactivity to pigeon antigens was demonstrated in a patient with severe symptomatic pigeon breeder's disease (PBD). The reactivity of the lymphocytes declined subsequent to cessation of exposure to antigen and in parallel with clinical improvement. Lymphocyte reactivity was also demonstrated in another patient with PBD, in a pigeon breeder with no evidence of PBD, and in a laboratory investigator with a history of exposure to birds other than pigeons. Lymphocyte reactivity in the latter subject increased following cutaneous injection of pigeon serum with the development of delayed‐type cutaneous reactivity. Although lymphocyte reactivity to pigeon antigens may be a necessary immunologic feature for production of PBD, this reactivity does not occur only in symptomatic subjects.
Dependence of immediate hypersensitivity on the month of birth
Authors: BJÖRKSTÉN F. , SUONIEMI I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis report describes a retrospective study of 1421 patients allergic to pollens and 728 patients allergic to animal epithelia. In males, but not in females, the month‐of‐birth distribution differed significantly from that in the total population of Finland (P < 0·01 in pollen allergy and P < 0·05 in epithelium allergy). The phenomenon was most clearly apparent in boys aged 10–14 born in 1960–4 (P < 0·01 in pollen allergy and P < 0·001 in epithelium allergy). When the relative risk of immediate hypersensitivity was plotted as a function of the month of birth, a two‐phasic curve with maxima in March–May and September–November was obtained for both pollen allergy and animal epithelium allergy. The results indicate that boys, but perhaps not girls, have a sensitive period early in life during which one or more environmental factor and seasonal variations in this factor influence the development of subsequent immediate hypersensitivity.
The IgG subclasses of antibodies to grass pollen allergens produced in hay fever patients during hyposensitization
Authors: DEVEY M. E. , WILSON D. V. , WHEELER A. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTotal IgG, IgG subclass and IgE antibodies specific for grass pollen allergens were measured by the red cell linked antigen‐antiglobulin reaction (RCLAAR) in serum samples from nineteen patients who had undergone a course of hyposensitization. Increases in both specific IgG and IgE antibodies were seen after treatment in most patients. In the IgG subclasses the predominant response was for IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies. Attempts were made to correlate the antibody responses with the clinical response and the results are discussed with reference to the possible mechanisms of hyposensitization.
A 12‐month double‐blind assessment of betamethasone valerate aerosol in the management of asthma
Authors: VERNON D. R. H. , MACLEOD JEAN M. , KERR J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA double‐blind trial of the topically active corticosteroid, betamethasone valerate in aerosol form, in the control of chronic asthma is reported. The results show that this is an extremely effective therapeutic agent in non‐steroid dependent but nonetheless moderately severe asthmatics. Patients were well controlled on 800 μg of betamethasone valerate daily and control was maintained over a 12‐month period. This form of treatment has few undesirable side effects but there is probably an increased incidence of oropharyngeal and laryngeal candidiasis. In particular, adrenocortical suppression was not noted.
Immunological development in infants of allergic parents
Authors: KAUFMAN HERBERT S. , FRICK OSCAR L. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum immunoglobulins were determined every 4 months from cord blood to age 2 years in ninety‐two infants of allergic parents. By 7 months of age, the concentration of IgA was significantly greater in infants who developed atopic dermatitis than those who did not. The IgA was also significantly greater than in matched non‐allergic controls. The difference continued to the end of the 2‐year study. No significant difference was found in the three groups for levels of IgG and IgM. These findings differ from the results of a previous report and possible explanations are presented.