bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Factors That Support Pre-service Teachers’ Engagement in Learning Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ayanwale Musa Adekunle , Frimpong Emmanuel Kwabena , Opesemowo Oluwaseyi Aina Gbolade , Sanusi Ismaila Temitayo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly relevant, and students need to understand the concept. To design an effective AI program for schools, we need to find ways to expose students to AI knowledge, provide AI learning opportunities, and create engaging AI experiences. However, there is a lack of trained teachers who can facilitate students’ AI learning, so we need to focus on developing the capacity of pre-service teachers to teach AI. Since engagement is known to enhance learning, it is necessary to explore how pre-service teachers engage in learning AI. This study aimed to investigate pre-service teachers’ engagement with learning AI after a 4-week AI program at a university. Thirty-five participants took part in the study and reported their perception of engagement with learning AI on a 7-factor scale. The factors assessed in the survey included engagement (cognitive—critical thinking and creativity, behavioral, and social), attitude towards AI, anxiety towards AI, AI readiness, self-transcendent goals, and confidence in learning AI. We used a structural equation modeling approach to test the relationships in our hypothesized model using SmartPLS 4.0. The results of our study supported all our hypotheses, with attitude, anxiety, readiness, self-transcendent goals, and confidence being found to influence engagement. We discuss our findings and consider their implications for practice and policy.
Aufopferung als Gabe ohne Maß?
Authors: Landweer Hilge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDer Text untersucht die Frage, ob Aufopferung moralisch gut ist und lotet das Verhältnis von Aufopferung und Supererogation aus. Ausgehend vom Kontext historisch dominierender Formen von Aufopferung wird die Pflege von Angehörigen paradigmatisch für die Aufopferung für jemanden (nicht für Sachen oder Ideen) in den Blick genommen. Die für Pflegebeziehungen typische Gefühlsdynamik macht deutlich, inwiefern diese Form der Aufopferung als eine Gabe ohne Maß betrachtet werden kann. Mit Rekurs auf die Theorie der Gabe werden Kriterien dafür entwickelt, unter welchen Bedingungen Aufopferung bewunderungswürdig oder womöglich moralisch falsch ist. Bewunderungswürdig ist die spezifische Gabe der Pflege von Angehörigen nur dann, so die entwickelte These, wenn sie seitens der sich aufopfernden Person mit einem ausgewogenen Gefühlshaushalt verbunden ist. Handelt es sich bei der Aufopferung dagegen um eine emotionale Dauerüberforderung, so ist diese Gabe zwar nicht mehr bewunderungswürdig, aber auch nicht moralisch falsch.
From psychophysiology to brain imaging: forty-five years MMN history of investigating acoustic change sensitivity
Authors: Csépe Valéria , Honbolygó Ferenc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForty-five years have passed since the first publication of the mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related brain potential (ERP) component. The first 10 years of research hardly gained any particular attention of the scientific community interested in acoustic perception. Debates on the nature of sensation versus perception were going on, and the technical possibilities to record ERPs, called in general evoked potentials, were very limited. Subtle changes in pure tone frequency or intensity giving rise to the MMN component were first investigated in humans. The background of the theoretical model developed by Risto Näätänen was the orientation reaction model of E.N. Sokolov published in 1963 so that the MMN was seen first as an electrophysiological correlate of auditory change detection. This fundamental ability of the auditory system seen as crucial for survival led to the development of the first animal model of the MMN (Csépe et al. in Clin Neurophysiol 66: 571–578, 1987). Indeed, it was confirmed that the MMN was the brain correlate of subtle changes detected that might alert to potential threats in the environment and direct the behavioral orientation. The investigations performed after 2000 introduced complex models and more sophisticated methods, both in animal and human studies, so that the MMN method was on the way to become a tool on the first place and not the main goal of research. This approach was further strengthened by the increasing number of studies on different clinical populations aiming at future applications. The aim of our review is to describe and redefine what the MMN may reflect in auditory perception and to show why and how this brain correlate of changes in the auditory scene can be used as a valuable tool in cognitive neuroscience research. We refer to publications selected to underly the argument the MMN cannot be classified anymore as a sign of simple change detection and not all the indicators used to confirm how genuine the MMN elicited by variations of tones are valid for those to speech contrasts. We provide a fresh view on the broadly used MMN models, provided by some influential publications as well as on the unwritten history of MMN research aiming to give revised picture on what the MMN may truly reflect. We show how the focus and terminology of the MMN research have changed and what kind of misunderstandings and seemingly contradictive results prevent the MMN community to accept a generally usable cognitive model.
Have a Woman’s Heart but a Man’s Face: Perceptions of Gay Relationships in Greek Gay Men
Authors: Daoultzis Konstantinos Christos , Kordoutis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this qualitative study, we build upon the findings of previous research by investigating the perceptions and attitudes of 10 self-identified gay men in Greece, toward gay relationships, the influence of Greek society upon them, masculinity, partner preferences, and self-disclosure. A critical thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed that most participants held negative views regarding same-sex relationships among gay men possibly due to internalizing the homonegativity of Greek society which was consistently acknowledged. They further expressed preference for masculine partners and tended to avoid feminine gay men, preferring to befriend them rather than pursue a romantic relationship with them. Although many participants described masculine gay men as reserved, distant, and emotionally restricted, they still preferred them as partners. Furthermore, most participants expressed negative opinions about self-disclosure, possibly due to the identity confusion caused by the rejection for their sexual orientation Greek social environment. Similarly, when it came to LGBTIQ + rights activism, participants were opposed, contending that it caused more confusion and discord within the younger generation of gays rather than fostered positive change. This research makes a unique contribution by presenting a realistic account of gay men’s contradicting views of their selfhood, a disbelief in gay relationships, an outright preference for masculinity in partnerships, a disdain for gay rights activism, and fear of self-disclosure. These perceptions and attitudes appear to be due to the long history of societal marginalization and rejection and may be subject to change as Greece moves toward a more accepting environment for LGBTIQ + rights.
Multidimensional credibility: A new approach based on joint distribution function
Authors: Wen Limin , Liu Wei , Zhang Yiying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the traditional multidimensional credibility models developed by Jewell ((1973) Operations Research Center, pp. 73–77.), the estimation of the hypothetical mean vector involves complex matrix manipulations, which can be challenging to implement in practice. Additionally, the estimation of hyperparameters becomes even more difficult in high-dimensional risk variable scenarios. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new multidimensional credibility model based on the conditional joint distribution function for predicting future premiums. First, we develop an estimator of the joint distribution function of a vector of claims using linear combinations of indicator functions based on past observations. By minimizing the integral of the expected quadratic distance function between the proposed estimator and the true joint distribution function, we obtain the optimal linear Bayesian estimator of the joint distribution function. Using the plug-in method, we obtain an explicit formula for the multidimensional credibility estimator of the hypothetical mean vector. In contrast to the traditional multidimensional credibility approach, our newly proposed estimator does not involve a matrix as the credibility factor, but rather a scalar. This scalar is composed of both population information and sample information, and it still maintains the essential property of increasingness with respect to the sample size. Furthermore, the new estimator based on the joint distribution function can be naturally extended and applied to estimate the process covariance matrix and risk premiums under various premium principles. We further illustrate the performance of the new estimator by comparing it with the traditional multidimensional credibility model using bivariate exponential-gamma and multivariate normal distributions. Finally, we present two real examples to demonstrate the findings of our study.
Business and Human Rights in Central and Eastern Europe: Trends, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Faracik Beata , Letnar Černič Jernej , Uvarova Olena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis Special Issue denotes the first comprehensive attempt to place business and human rights-related (BHR) developments in the Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region on the map of global discussions in BHR. The CEE is a geographical area that is historically, politically, socio-economically, geo-strategically and culturally distinct from other regions, including Western Europe. Hence, this Special Issue explores the region’s specific elements and factors and how they affect and influence the implementation and embedding of human rights in the practice of business enterprises in the region. The ‘Scholarly Articles’ and ‘Developments in the Field’ pieces collected in this issue highlight the promising and not-so-promising developments and practices of state institutions, business enterprises, and other actors. It documents the current situation in the region and outlines ideas and prospects for addressing the identified challenges over the next decade. As an introduction to the Special Issue, this editorial outlines the region’s leading trends and prospects in BHR. It reflects on persisting challenges and notes the region’s progress in BHR awareness, knowledge and capacity in recent decades.
Health Care Encounters Prior to Hospitalization for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Patients
Authors: Waheed Zeina , Field Thalia S. , Zhou Lily W. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT:Background:Unlike other causes of stroke, symptoms in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) can be nonspecific at onset with gradual worsening over time. To explore potential opportunities for earlier diagnosis, we analyzed healthcare interactions in the week prior to hospitalization for patients admitted with incident CVT in British Columbia (BC).Methods:We constructed a population-based cohort (2000–2017) using linked patient-level administrative data to identify patients aged ≥18 diagnosed with CVT in BC. We used descriptive analysis to describe the frequency and types of healthcare encounters within the 7 and 3 days prior to hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to examine risk factors associated with prior encounters.Results:The cohort included 554 patients (mean age 50.9 years, 55.4% female). Within the 7 days prior to CVT hospitalization, 57.9% of patients had ≥1 outpatient encounter and 5.6% had ≥1 inpatient encounter. In the 3 days prior to hospitalization, 46.8% of patients had ≥1 outpatient encounter and 2.0% had ≥1 inpatient encounter. Women more frequently had outpatient interactions within 7 days (64.8% women vs. 35.2% men, p < 0.001) and 3 days (51.8% vs. 48.2%, p = 0.01) before admission. Common provider specialties for outpatient encounters were general practice (58.0%), emergency (8.3%) and neurology (5.7%). Females had higher odds (OR = 1.79) of having ≥1 outpatient encounter after adjusting for confounding.Conclusions:Within our Canadian cohort, over half of patients had a healthcare encounter within 7 days before their hospitalization with incident CVT. Women more commonly had an outpatient encounter preceding hospital admission.
Exploring Cascading Disaster Risk During Complex Emergencies: Chemical Industry Disaster Risk Assessment in the Aftermath of the Kakhovka Dam Bombing in Ukraine
Authors: Gan Rick Kye , Alsua Carlos , Aregay Aron , Assaf Denise , Bruni Emanuele , Arcos González Pedro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This risk assessment aims to investigate the analysis of cascading disaster risks from the perspective of the chemical industry and public health subsequent to the Kakhovka dam bombing in Ukraine.

Method:
The study utilized a modified observational cross-sectional risk assessment method to assess disaster risk. The method involved identifying the location of chemical factories, determining flooded or at-risk factories, analyzing the type and frequency of chemical hazards, assessing population exposure, and plotting a disaster risk metric. Data on chemical industries and flood extent were collected from open-source secondary data.

Results:
The destruction of the Kakhovka dam in June 2023 led to severe flooding, placing 42 000 individuals at risk. The analysis identified four chemical factories, with 1 affected by flooding and 3 at risk. The overall risk assessment indicated a high likelihood and severe consequences, including loss of life, environmental contamination, and property damage.

Conclusion:
The combination of complex emergencies and high-risk chemical facilities in Kherson Oblast poses a significant risk of a chemical industry disaster. The interplay between compound and cascading risks during complex emergencies amid the current war further exacerbates the situation, leading to the devastation and destruction of the environment to the detriment of life, and aligns with the characterization of ecocide.
Investigating the effects of social information on spite in an online game
Authors: Watson Robin , Morgan Thomas J. H. , Kendal Rachel L. , Van de Vyver Julie , Kendal Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While humans are highly cooperative, they can also behave spitefully. Yet spite remains understudied. Spite can be normatively driven and while previous experiments have found some evidence that cooperation and punishment may spread via social learning, no experiments have considered the social transmission of spiteful behaviour. Here we present an online experiment where, following an opportunity to earn wealth, we asked participants to choose an action towards an anonymous partner across a full spectrum of social behaviour, from spite to altruism. In accordance with cultural evolutionary theory, participants were presented with social information that varied in source and content. Across six conditions, we informed participants that either the majority or the highest earner had chosen to behave spitefully, neutrally or altruistically. We found an overall tendency towards altruism, but at lower levels among those exposed to spite compared with altruism. We found no difference between social information that came from the majority or the highest earner. Exploratory analysis revealed that participants’ earnings negatively correlated with altruistic behaviour. Our results contrast with previous literature that report high rates of spite in experimental samples and a greater propensity for individuals to copy successful individuals over the majority.
Non-existence of a universal zero-entropy system via generic actions of almost complete growth
Authors: VEPREV GEORGII 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that a generic probability measure-preserving (p.m.p.) action of a countable amenable group G has scaling entropy that cannot be dominated by a given rate of growth. As a corollary, we obtain that there does not exist a topological action of G for which the set of ergodic invariant measures coincides with the set of all ergodic p.m.p. G-systems of entropy zero. We also prove that a generic action of a residually finite amenable group has scaling entropy that cannot be bounded from below by a given sequence. In addition, we show an example of an amenable group that has such a lower bound for every free p.m.p. action.
Demographics and risk factors for suicide in Syria: A retrospective media content analysis of online news sources
Authors: Almidani Salma , Abo Hilal Mohammad , Alghadban Marwa , Abou Helal Omama , Alkourdi Manal , Kannan Juman , Ekzayez Abdulkarim , Patel Preeti , El Achi Nassim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Since the beginning of the Syrian conflict in 2011, Syrians have faced violence and displacement causing an increase in mental health issues. The COVID-19 pandemic, the 2023 earthquake, and deteriorating living conditions have exacerbated these issues. Suicide in Syria remains an under-researched topic since accurate data are difficult to obtain. In this study, we aimed to explore the demographics and risk factors of suicide in Syria by performing a retrospective content analysis of selected online news (media) outlets from across Syria. Twelve news outlets from the three regions of Syria were selected and news of suicide cases were searched retrospectively. The age range was between 9 and 79 years old with the average age being 27.1 ± SD 5.9 years. The most reported causes of suicide were harsh living conditions (18.5%) and relationship problems (18.3%). The most common method of suicide was hanging followed by using firearms. More suicides occurred at night and in the summer and spring seasons. Based on our study’s results, young adult, male, unmarried, individuals in rural settings and northern governorates were at the highest risk of suicide in Syria. This study highlights the urgent need for mental health interventions that address the unique challenges faced by Syrians.
A scoping review of the implementation and cultural adaptation of school-based mental health promotion and prevention interventions in low-and middle-income countries
Authors: Harte Patricia , Barry Margaret M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Effective school-based mental health promotion and prevention interventions in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) can positively impact the mental health and well-being of large numbers of young people. This scoping review aimed to investigate the implementation of effective mental health promotion and prevention interventions in LMIC schools. A scoping review of the international literature was conducted and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for peer-reviewed literature published from 2014 to 2022. PsycExtra, Google Scholar and the websites of key organisations were searched for relevant grey literature. Study selection focussed on mental health promotion interventions, including the development of social and emotional skills and mental health literacy, and prevention interventions, including anti-bullying and skill-based interventions for “at-risk” students. Twenty-seven studies evaluating 25 school-based interventions in 17 LMICs were included in the review. Fifteen interventions were developed in the implementing country and 10 were adapted from high-income countries (HICs) or other settings. Findings from the studies reviewed were generally positive, especially when interventions were implemented to a high quality. Universal life-skills interventions were found to increase social and emotional skills, decrease problem behaviours and positively impact students’ mental health and well-being. Mental health literacy interventions increased mental health knowledge and decreased stigma among students and school staff. Outcomes for externally facilitated anti-bullying interventions were less positive. All 19 effective studies reported on some aspects of programme implementation, and 15 monitored implementation fidelity. Eleven studies outlined the programme’s underpinning theoretical model. Only four studies reported on the cultural adaptation of programmes in detail. Including young people in the adaptation process was reported to facilitate natural cultural adaptation of programmes, while input from programme developers was considered key to ensuring that the core components of interventions were retained. The review findings indicate increasing evidence of effective mental health interventions in LMIC schools. To facilitate the sustainability, replication and scaling-up of these interventions, greater attention is needed to reporting on intervention core components, and the processes of implementation and cultural adaptation in the local setting.
THE AMALGAMATION PROPERTY AND URYSOHN STRUCTURES IN CONTINUOUS LOGIC
Authors: GAO SU , REN XUANZHI 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper we consider the classes of all continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-(pre-)structures for a continuous first-order signature

$\mathcal {L}$

. We characterize the moduli of continuity for which the classes of finite, countable, or all continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-(pre-)structures have the amalgamation property. We also characterize when Urysohn continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-(pre)-structures exist, establish that certain classes of finite continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-structures are countable Fraïssé classes, prove the coherent EPPA for these classes of finite continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-structures, and show that actions by automorphisms on finite

$\mathcal {L}$

-structures also form a Fraïssé class. As consequences, we have that the automorphism group of the Urysohn continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-structure is a universal Polish group and that Hall’s universal locally finite group is contained in the automorphism group of the Urysohn continuous

$\mathcal {L}$

-structure as a dense subgroup.