bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of extract of particulate emission from a gasoline‐powered engine
Authors: Hadnagy W. , Seemayer N. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtract of particulate matter (EPM) from gasoline engine exhaust has been investigated for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in the concentration range 0.16‐10 μg/ml by means of short‐term bioassays using mammalian cell culture systems. Cytotoxicity is demonstrated by a strong dose‐dependent reduction of cloning efficiency after treatment of V79 cells with EPM. Employing the dye exclusion test with erythrosin B, no considerable loss of cell viability was observed. Using the same cell system, EPM revealed a highly increased number of aberrant mitoses, whereby the occurrence of C mitoses and metaphases with chromosome clusters was especially pronounced. This effect led to mitotic arrest as shown by a highly increased mitotic index at 5 and 10 μg/ml EPM. The results indicate disturbances of the mitotic spindle in a way similar to the known spindle poison colcemid. As a consequence of spindle disturbances, EPM produced numerical chromosome alterations such as aneuploidy and polyploidy. Cytogenetic analyses using human lymphocyte cultures treated with EPM revealed a slight increase of chromosomal aberrations at 10 μg/ml and a dose‐dependent induction of sister chromatid exchanges in the range 2.5‐10 μg/ml. At least, EPM showed a dose‐dependent increase in the cell transformation assay using SV 40‐infected Syrian hamster kidney cultures. The great variety of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects found with EPM suggests a potential health hazard to human populations exposed to gasoline engine exhaust. The possible contribution to cytotoxic and genotoxic activity by organolead compounds derived from antiknock additives is discussed.
Induction of chromosome aberrations and mitotic arrest by cytomegalovirus in human cells
Authors: Abubakar Sazaly , Au William W. , Legator Marvin S. , Albrecht Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is potentially an effective but often overlooked genotoxic agent in humans. We report here evidence that indicates that infection by CMV can induce chromosome alterations and mitotic inhibition. The frequency of chromosome aberrations induced was dependent on the input multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) for human lung fibroblasts (LU), but not for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) when both cell types were infected at the GO phase of the cell cycle. The aberrations induced by CMV were mostly chromatid breaks and chromosome pulverizations that resembled prematurely condensed S‐phase chromatin. Pulverized chromosomes were not observed in LU cells infected with virus stocks that had been rendered nonlytic by UV‐irradiation at 24,000 ergs/mm2 or from infection of human lymphocytes. In LU cells infected with UV‐irradiated CMV, the frequency of aberrations induced was inversely dependent on the extent of the exposure of the CMV stock to the UV‐light. In permisive CMV infection of proliferating LU cells at 24 hr after subculture, a high percentage (> 40%) of the metaphase cells were arrested at their first metaphase and displayed severely condensed chromosomes when harvested 48 hr later. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the chromosome aberration frequency was also observed. Our study shows that CMV infection is genotoxic to host cells. The types and extent of damage are dependent on the viral genome expression and on the cell cycle stage of the cells at the time of infection. The possible mechanisms for induction of chromosome damage by CMV are discussed.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of TCF3 (E2A)/19p13.3 rearrangements in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Barber Kerry E. , Harrison Christine J. , Broadfield Zoe J. , Stewart Adam R. M. , Wright Sarah L. , Martineau Mary , Strefford Jon C. , Moorman Anthony V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) and usually gives rise to the TCF3‐PBX1 fusion gene. Additional rare, and sometimes cytogenetically cryptic, translocations involving the TCF3 gene have also been described. Using a dual color split‐signal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe, we have investigated the involvement of this gene in a series of BCP‐ALLs harboring 19p13 translocations, as well as an unselected patient cohort. The TCF3 gene was shown to be involved in the majority of cases with a cytogenetically visible t(1;19) translocation, while the remaining TCF3‐negative ALLs demonstrated breakpoint heterogeneity. Although most “other” 19p13 translocations did not produce a split‐signal FISH pattern, a novel t(13;19)(q14;p13) involving TCF3 was discovered. A prospective screen of 161 children with BCP‐ALL revealed a cryptic t(12;19)(p13;p13), another novel TCF3 rearrangement, and a series of patients with submicroscopic deletions of TCF3. These results demonstrate the utility of a split‐signal FISH strategy in confirming the involvement of the TCF3 gene in 19p13 rearrangements and in identifying novel and cryptic TCF3 translocations. In addition to its role as a fusion partner gene, we propose that TCF3 can also act as a tumor suppressor gene in BCP‐ALL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MUCOSAL MELANOMAS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
Authors: Snow G. B. , Van Esch E. P. Der , van Slooten E. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMucosal melanoma of the head and neck is a rare condition. This study presents a review of 26 patients with such tumors, followed up at a minimum of 5 years. The 5‐year survival rate in this group was 38%. Recurrences with a fatal outcome, however, have been encountered up to 12 years after initial diagnosis. Primary radical surgery offers the best chance for local control. Nasal‐cavity lesions seem to be associated with a better prognosis than oral‐cavity tumors. Analysis of pathologic features by microstage measurement showed that the majority of tumors were of considerable thickness. This factor may partially explain the poor prognosis associated with mucosal melanomas in comparison to their cutaneous counterparts. Local recurrences and distant metastases were the principal causes of treatment failure. A persistent treatment policy, however, may still substantially prolong survival in such cases. Regional lymph‐node metastasis did not pose a significant problem in the management of these tumors. Recognition of the nature and significance of the appearance of oral melanosis is stressed.
Malignant melanoma of the head and neck
Authors: Storm F. Kristian , Eilber Frederick R. , Morton Donald L. , Clark Wallace H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐nine patients with head and neck melanoma were prospectively evaluated from 1971 to 1977. Patients presenting for initial therapy underwent wide excision of their primary tumor, and those with deeply invasive melanoma also underwent regional lymphadenectomy, whether their nodes were clinically positive or negative. The results suggest that the prognosis of this tumor is similar to that of melanoma arising at other sites. Clinical stage and primary‐tumor histopathologic microstage both correlated with disease recurrence. At 1 to 75 months, patients with clinical Stage I disease had a 13% recurrence rate, while 58% of those with Stage II disease developed recurrence. Patients with superficially invasive melanoma had a 10% recurrence rate, while 17%–33% of those with deeply invasive disease developed recurrence. However, the presence of node metastases, rather than the microstage of the primary tumor, appeared to be the dominant indicator of outcome. Radical excision of the primary tumor may reduce the incidence of local disease recurrence. We believe that regional lymphadenectomy is indicated for deeply invasive melanoma.
Reinnervation of the paralyzed larynx: A review
Authors: Tucker Harvey M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur high‐speed and increasingly aggressive society, coupled with a continuing rise in necessary surgery of the neck and adjacent areas, accounts for the current increase in patients afflicted with vocal‐cord paralysis. Such patients may sustain relatively little persistent loss of function (e.g., when only one cord is involved, which then regains function or becomes compensated) or considerable loss (as in cases of bilateral vocal‐cord paralysis). To improve on existing methods of dealing with these problems, the author has developed and refined the nerve‐muscle‐pedicle technique for reinnervating paralyzed muscles. A nerve‐muscle pedicle obtained from the ansa hypoglossi branch to the omohyoid muscle or another strap muscle can be used to selectively reinnervate the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in cases of bilateral‐cord paralysis, or for selective reinnervation of the lateral thyroarytenoid muscle in cases of unilateral‐cord paralysis. The bilateral reinnervation technique showed a 90% success rate in 90 patients, as demonstrated by their ability to sustain reasonable day‐to‐day activity without needing a tracheotomy tube and without manifesting further loss of voice. The unilateral technique has yielded promising results in a limited number of carefully selected patients.
Jaw cysts: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Summers Gordon W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe classification, embryology, histopathology, clinical features, and treatment of benign jaw cysts are presented. Emphasis is placed on the differentiation of benign cysts from malignant radiolucent lesions of the jaws. Preservation of adjacent teeth and other vital structures is of paramount importance in the management of jaw cysts.
Nutritional concepts in the treatment of head and neck malignancies
Authors: Copeland Edward M. , Daly John M. , Dudrick Stanley J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer cachexia should no longer be a contraindication to adequate antineoplastic treatment. Current methods of nutritional assessment allow one to identify malnutrition and to follow the nutritional status of the patient throughout the cancer‐management program. Enteral nutritional repletion and maintenance remain the ideal course of action, but the gastrointestinal tract is not always readily available or advisable for use; in such circumstances, intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) may be indicated. The properly nourished patient better tolerates cancer therapy, experiences fewer complications of malnutrition (e.g., sepsis and poor wound healing), and has a better‐functioning immune system than does his malnourished counterpart. This article reviews methods of nutritional assessment, delineates indications and techniques for nutritional repletion, and summarizes the results obtained.
Computed tomography of the normal larynx
Authors: Friedman William H. , Archer Carol R. , Yeager Vernon L. , Donovan Thomas J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA computed tomographic analysis of normal laryngeal anatomy was undertaken using cadaver larynxes. This was part of a larger project in which patients with laryngeal carcinoma were routinely evaluated in the computed tomographic (CT) body scanner. The appearance of normal laryngeal anatomy had to be delineated before disease processes of the larynx were evaluated, and this was accomplished using a computed tomographic technique with 5‐mm slice thicknesses and a 3‐mm overlap. The scan slices were then compared with anatomic sections taken at the same levels. The comparisons demonstrate an ideal level of accuracy that can be approached in the in‐vivo larynx only with use of the latest‐generation scanners. However, CT scanning is of immediate usefulness in the diagnosis of laryngeal pathology.
The role of irradiation in the management of squamous‐cell carcinomas of the mouth and throat
Authors: Fletcher Gilbert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFundamental precepts of radiation biology are presented to provide a basis for the comprehension of radiotherapy. These precepts include cell viability, randomness of cell killing by irradiation, the influence of molecular oxygen on radiosensitivity, phases of the cell cycle, and repopulation. The combined‐treatment concept is developed, and preoperative and postoperative irradiation options, as well as the optimal extent of the surgical procedure, are discussed. These principles of combined treatment are first applied to the management of neck disease, which is a common denominator to all sites. The anatomic sites of the mouth and throat are then discussed. The capabilities of radiotherapy have greatly altered treatment planning for carcinomas of the mouth and throat; one must now develop an initial overall plan that varies with the extent and anatomic site of the primary lesion, the extent of neck disease, and the probability of spread to clinically uninvolved lymphatic areas.
Microsurgery: A technical discussion for head and neck surgeons
Authors: Lee Sun , Orloff Marshall J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDespite mechanical and technical advances that have been made in fields allied with microsurgery, Carrell and Guthrie's basic concept of small‐blood‐vessel anastomosis has not changed significantly. However, with refined, finer sutures and needles as well as improved jewelers' and ophthalmic surgical instruments, individuals can now readily practice under high magnification. With repeated practice using rats, the operator can successfully manage finer structures, such as blood vessels less than 1 mm in diameter. Head and neck surgeons have an advantage in this area because of their extensive experience and skill in manipulating operating microscopes.
Soft‐palate reconstruction with the modified pharyngeal flap
Authors: Sofferman Robert A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoft‐palate malignancies classically have been managed with radiation therapy as the principal therapeutic modality. The survival rates are poor and may indicate the need for an aggressive combined approach using wide surgical resection. The use of surgery as the definitive control measure, however, raises objections about the loss of velopharyngeal closure in phonation and deglutition. The functional consequences of palate resection can be reversed with a one‐ or two‐stage modified pharyngeal flap procedure. The surgical techniques and three representative cases are presented.
Sialotorrhea: A manifestation of first‐branchial‐cleft anomaly?
Authors: Cremers C. W. R. J. , Manni J. J. , Wes B. J. , Van Den Broek P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 16‐year‐old‐girl had a six‐month history of sialotorrhea. Lipiodol sialography of the right parotid revealed overflow of Lipiodol into the right external acoustic meatus. Surgical exploration that left the facial nerve intact disclosed a branchiogenic anomaly confirmed at histologic examination—a lesion that extended parallel to the external acoustic meatus—and aplasia of the pars tympanica of the right petrosal bone. It is concluded that the branchiogenic anomaly is a first‐branchial‐cleft anomaly (type I according to Work); the aplasia of the pars tympanica ossis temporalis remains unexplained. The sialotorrhea probably resulted from an infection of the branchiogenic cyst.
Mandible stabilization between ablative and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Leeb Dianne C. , Friedlander Arthur H. , Mazzarella Lawrence 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biphase external skeletal‐fixation splint (Morris splint) for mandibular stabilization has been used in cases of ablative surgery. It is a practical approach to stabilization for patients whether or not they undergo reconstruction, either immediate or delayed. The Morris splint can be applied without increasing the time required for major resection. It can be left in place for prolonged periods, but it still allows easy surgical access and easy postoperative care and observation. While not a new tool, it has been little used by the head and neck cancer surgeon, probably because it has not been presented for this purpose but rather for treating fractures. A practical approach to the use of the Morris biphase splint is presented, as well as the indications for its use and some results of our experience with this tool.
Carcinoma in a Zenker's diverticulum
Authors: Donald Paul J. , Huffman David I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractZenker's diverticulum is a common developmental anomaly seen usually in the elderly. Carcinoma in this pharyngoesophageal outpouching has been reported in only 23 instances. A 55‐year‐old woman is presented whose only symptoms were dysphagia and periodic regurgitation of bloodstained material. Barium swallow and esophagoscopy confirmed the presence of a neoplasm, and biopsy revealed an epidermoid carcinoma. Wide field resection was followed by a full course of irradiation and secondary pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. The patient was free of disease at three‐year follow‐up.
Treatment of radiation‐induced alopecia
Authors: Jacobs Joseph B. , Monell Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiotherapy is frequently employed in the management of head and neck neoplasia, either as an adjunct to surgery or as the sole treatment modality. Consequently, radiation alopecia—a well‐known complication of high‐dosage radiotherapy—is seen often. Longer patient survival, especially with earlier discovery of the malignancy and more refined treatment regimens, will provide the surgeon with the opportunity to treat radiation alopecia by means of the punch graft technique of hair transplantation. The technique is substantially similar to that employed in treating male pattern baldness, although the approach to the recipient and donor areas must be modified. A successful case report is documented and a modified approach is highlighted.
Deliberate hypotension in head and neck surgery
Authors: Ward C. F. , Alfery David D. , Saidman L. J. , Waldman J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe deliberate reduction of blood pressure in an attempt to reduce intraoperative blood loss has generated significant controversy in the 30 years since its clinical introduction. Numerous series have been reported, but few have met generally accepted, current criteria for controlled studies. In this article, the effect of blood pressure reduction on organ perfusion will be presented together with a review of techniques of achieving hypotension. A summary of results is included and, based on this data, recommendations are offered regarding the application and limits of deliberate hypotension.
Radiology of congenital deformities of the ear
Authors: Hanafee William N. , Bergstrom La Vonne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy depicting the status of the middle ear beyond atretic canals, multidirectional tomography can materially assist in the planning of surgery for conductive hearing losses. The course of the facial nerve is best demonstrated by the Guillen projection and by lateral projections. Deformities of the inner ear structures may be surveyed by similar projections. The base view accurately predicts the status of the cochlea. If lesions are classified as external canal deformities, middle ear deformities, or inner ear deformities, the clinician may more easily identify hereditary versus environmental syndromes.
The vestibular aqueduct—Tomographic evaluation in Meniere's disease—A preliminary report
Authors: Sackett Joseph F. , Strother Charles M. , Arenberg I. Kaufman , Goldman George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrontal and off‐lateral complex motion tomography was performed in 72 consecutive patients selected for endolymphatic sac surgery for episodic vertigo or sensorineural hearing loss. They were selected for this operation because of a fluctuating hearing loss. The morphology and visualization of the vestibular aqueduct and the degree of periaqueductal pneumatization were correlated with surgical results and the presence of bilateral disease. The surgical results were evaluated with use of the classification of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. Computer analysis was performed on the data for vestibular aqueduct radiographic anatomy and surgical results or bilateral disease. There was no correlation between visualization or morphology of the vestibular aqueduct and surgical results or presence of bilateral disease.
Functioning lipoadenoma of a supernumerary parathyroid gland in the mediastinum
Authors: Wolff Marianne , Goodman Edmund N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient underwent reexploration for a parathyroid adenoma; following identification of four normal glands in the cervical region, the mediastinum was entered, and an intrathymic lipoadenoma was excised. These very rare tumors have been associated with hypercalcemia in approximately half of the previously reported cases; however, none has previously been described as occurring entirely in the mediastinum.
The sternocleidomastoid muscle flap
Authors: Conley John , Gullane Patrick J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sternocleidomastoid muscle has significant application in the head and neck following radical ablative surgery about the mandible, face, and oral cavity. It can be used in the following ways to rehabilitate the paralyzed face, to correct a soft‐tissue defect about the upper neck and oral cavity, and to protect the major arteries in the head and neck. (a) It may be transposed with a segment of the clavicle and/or sternum as a composite pedicle flap for reconstruction of the mandible. (b) It may be transposed into the lower cheek and jaw to reconstruct a mandibular defect. (c) It may be transposed into the anterior floor of the mouth as a myocutaneous flap following major ablative surgery to assist in correcting the defect and rehabilitating the oral cavity. (d) It may assist in facial paralysis to reanimate the lower third of the face. (e) It may be used to reinforce a suture line and protect the carotid and innominate arteries. (f) It may assist in shoulder elevation following poliomyelitis when transposed to the acromial process of the clavicle.
Guidelines for prophylactic radical lymph node dissection in cases of carcinoma of the external ear
Authors: Afzelius Lars‐Erik , Gunnarsson Mats , Nordgren Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAll cases of squamous‐cell carcinoma of the external ear that were treated at the ENT Clinic, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, between 1970 and 1977 were analyzed retrospectively to determine parameters for predicting the development of metastases. These cases included 62 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 77 years. The frequency of metastases for these patients was 16.4%. The carcinomas were graded according to four parameters: depth of growth, mode of invasion, cellular differentiation, and cellular plasmolymphocytic response. We concluded that depth of growth and mode of invasion were the most useful of these parameters and that prophylactic lymph node dissection should be performed in cases of tumors larger than 4 cm in diameter, of tumors infiltrating the cartilage, and of smaller tumors with maximum scores for depth of growth and mode of invasion.
Postirradiation carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant: Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: McGuirt W. Frederick , Marshall Richard B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant is presented. The tumor was a rare follicular variant of the papillary type of thyroid carcinoma. The patient had received external beam radiation to the head and neck both as a child and as an adolescent. The recently reported increased incidence of thyroid carcinoma is believed to be related to the former practice of irradiating cervical thymic and lymphoid tissue in children. Since it is normal thyroid tissue that remains in the thyroglossal duct tract, this ectopic tissue presumably has the same malignant potential as that in the thyroid gland. Therefore, more cases of carcinoma in a thyroglossal duct remnant may be seen as those patients who underwent head and neck irradiation in childhood mature.