bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of overactive bladder symptoms on employment, social interactions and emotional well‐being in six European countries
Authors: IRWIN DEBRA E. , MILSOM IAN , KOPP ZOE , ABRAMS PAUL , CARDOZO LINDA 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo determine the impact of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms on issues related to employment, social interactions, and emotional well‐being in a population aged 40–64 years.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe study comprised a cross‐sectional population‐based survey of 11 521 individuals aged 40–64 years, conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK. The survey involved a two‐stage screening procedure. Initially, individuals with any lower urinary tract symptoms were identified. Those whose only symptom/(s) was suggestive of a urinary tract infection, stress incontinence, or prostate obstruction were excluded from further study. Respondents were asked questions about the impact that their symptoms had on their emotional well‐being, social interactions and productivity at home and at work.RESULTSOf those with OAB, ≈ 32% (1272) reported that having these symptoms made them feel depressed, and 28% reported feeling very stressed. There were statistically significant differences in reported feelings of stress and depression when OAB symptoms were stratified by OAB with incontinence (OAB+) vs those with OAB with no incontinence (OAB−), with values for emotional stress of OAB+ 36.4% vs OAB− 19.6%, for depression of OAB+ 39.8% vs OAB− 23.3%. Participants with OAB+ were significantly more likely than those with OAB− to express worry about having accidents and concern about participating in activities away from home because of their bladder symptoms. In addition, those with OAB+ were significantly more likely to report that these bladder symptoms were a source of great concern and made them feel uncomfortable in social situations compared to those with OAB−. Men were significantly more likely than women to report OAB+ having an impact on their daily work life, including worry about interrupting meetings, impact on decisions about work location and hours, and voluntary termination or early retirement. This effect was primarily in men reporting OAB+.CONCLUSIONOAB symptoms have a significant effect on the emotional well‐being and productivity of those affected, both at home and at work.
Laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy with bilateral nephroureterectomy: initial report
Authors: BERGLUND RYAN K. , Matin SURENA F. , DESAI MIHIR , KAOUK JIHAD , GILL INDERBIR S. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVESTo present our experience with laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral nephroureterectomy for organ‐confined, muscle‐invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in two patients with dialysis‐dependent end‐stage renal disease (ESRD).PATIENTS AND METHODSTwo men aged 77 and 65 years with organ‐confined, muscle‐invasive TCC of the urinary bladder and pre‐existing dialysis‐dependent ESRD underwent laparoscopic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, radical cystoprostatectomy and bilateral nephroureterectomy. Urine spillage was avoided and en bloc urothelial integrity between the bladder and the two renal specimens was maintained throughout the procedure. The intact, entrapped specimens were removed en bloc via a Pfannenstiel incision at the end of the procedure.RESULTSThe total operative duration was 573 and 660 min, respectively, including repositioning and re‐draping between each major step. Blood loss was 350 and 1000 mL, respectively. Both patients tolerated the procedure well and there were no intraoperative complications. The first patient resumed oral intake 3 days after surgery and was discharged home after 5 days. The second patient's course after surgery was complicated by a prolonged adynamic ileus and infection of the catheter placed for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. He was discharged 28 days after surgery and died from unknown causes at 30 days.CONCLUSIONSTo our knowledge, this is the first report of radical urotheliectomy, consisting of bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection, radical cystoprostatectomy, and bilateral nephroureterectomy, using entirely intracorporeal laparoscopic techniques.
Comparative analysis of the penis corpora cavernosa in controls and patients with erectile dysfunction
Authors: COSTA WALDEMAR S. , CARRERETE FABRICIO B. , HORTA WAGNER G. , SAMPAIO FRANCISCO J.B. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the presence of structural disorders of the corpora cavernosa in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), as despite new drugs being effective in many men with ED, some aspects of structural disorders of the corpora cavernosa remain unknown.MATERIALS AND METHODSBiopsy specimens were taken from the corpora cavernosa of seven patients (mean age 57.8 years, range 51–72) with severe ED who had a penile prosthesis implanted. The controls tissues were fragments of corpora cavernosa obtained from autopsies of six men (mean age 52.3 years, range 40–66) who died from causes unrelated to the urogenital system. For light microscopy, the specimens were processed routinely to paraffin wax, and by immunohistochemistry to evaluate elastic fibres, and by Masson's trichrome to analyse collagen and smooth muscle fibres. Stereological methods were used to quantitatively evaluate the different elements (as a percentage).RESULTSThe percentages of the different elements in the human penis of controls and men with ED, respectively, were: elastic fibres 13.2% and 9.1%; collagen fibres 40.8% and 41.6%; and smooth muscle, 40.4% and 42%.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with ED there was a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of elastic fibres, but no statistically significant difference in collagen and smooth muscle fibres, and no appreciable differences in collagen distribution between the groups.
Bayesian Likelihood Methods for Estimating the End Point of a Distribution
Authors: Hall Peter , Wang Julian Z. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWe consider maximum likelihood methods for estimating the end point of a distribution. The likelihood function is modified by a prior distribution that is imposed on the location parameter. The prior is explicit and meaningful, and has a general form that adapts itself to different settings. Results on convergence rates and limiting distributions are given. In particular, it is shown that the limiting distribution is non-normal in non-regular cases. Parametric bootstrap techniques are suggested for quantifying the accuracy of the estimator. We illustrate performance by applying the method to multiparameter Weibull and gamma distributions.
Good Randomized Sequential Probability Forecasting is Always Possible
Authors: Vovk Vladimir , Shafer Glenn 
Published: November 2005

SummaryBuilding on the game theoretic framework for probability, we show that it is possible, using randomization, to make sequential probability forecasts that will pass any given battery of statistical tests. This result, an easy consequence of von Neumann's minimax theorem, simplifies and generalizes work by earlier researchers.
Essential role of Rac1/NADPH oxidase in nerve growth factor induction of TRPV1 expression
Authors: Puntambekar Preeti , Mukherjea Debashree , Jajoo Sarvesh , Ramkumar Vickram 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF) regulates the nociceptive properties of a subset of small diameter sensory neurons by increasing the expression of the heat‐sensing transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, TRPV1. This action involves activation of the tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) A/p38 MAPK pathway. Recent studies indicate that activation of TrkA promotes superoxide generation via NADPH oxidase. In this study, we determined whether the NADPH oxidase pathway is involved in NGF‐stimulated TRPV1 expression using a rat pheochromocytoma 12 line and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Treatment of these cells with NGF (100 ng/mL) increased TRPV1 protein expression (approx. twofold) but not mRNA. This increase was mimicked by H2O2 and attenuated by catalase and inhibitors of NADPH oxidase. NGF stimulated NADPH oxidase activity, while 24 h exposure further increased expression of the Rac1 and gp91phox subunits of the holoenzyme. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by transient transfection of a dominant negative Rac1 mutant (RacN17) plasmid blocked NGF‐stimulated TRPV1 protein expression, while expression of a constitutively active Rac1 increased basal and NGF‐stimulated TRPV1 levels. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity also attenuated NGF‐dependent p38 MAPK activation. We conclude that the Rac1/NADPH oxidase pathway regulates p38 activation and TRPV1 expression which aids in the maintenance of peripheral neuron integrity and pain perception.
Optimal Capital Structure and Industry Dynamics
Authors: MIAO JIANJUN 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a competitive equilibrium model of capital structure and industry dynamics. In the model, firms make financing, investment, entry, and exit decisions subject to idiosyncratic technology shocks. The capital structure choice reflects the tradeoff between the tax benefits of debt and the associated bankruptcy and agency costs. The interaction between financing and production decisions influences the stationary distribution of firms and their survival probabilities. The analysis demonstrates that the equilibrium output price has an important feedback effect. This effect has a number of testable implications. For example, high growth industries have relatively lower leverage and turnover rates.
CEO Compensation, Change, and Corporate Strategy
Authors: DOW JAMES , RAPOSO CLARA C. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTCEO compensation can influence the kinds of strategies that firms adopt. We argue that performance‐related compensation creates an incentive to look for overly ambitious, hard to implement strategies. At a cost, shareholders can curb this tendency by precommitting to a regime of CEO overcompensation in highly changeable environments. Alternatively shareholders can commit to low CEO pay, although this requires a commitment mechanism (either by the board of the individual company, or by the society as a whole) to counter the incentive to renegotiate upwards. We study the conditions under which the different policies for CEO compensation are preferred by shareholders.
On the Benefits of Concurrent Lending and Underwriting
Authors: DRUCKER STEVEN , PURI MANJU 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper examines whether there are efficiencies that benefit issuers and underwriters when a financial intermediary concurrently lends to an issuer while also underwriting its public securities offering. We find issuers, particularly noninvestment‐grade issuers for whom informational economies of scope are likely to be large, benefit through lower underwriter fees and discounted loan yield spreads. Underwriters, both commercial banks as well as investment banks, engage in concurrent lending and provide price discounts, albeit in different ways. We find concurrent lending helps underwriters build relationships, increasing the probability of receiving current and future business.
Governance Mechanisms and Equity Prices
Authors: CREMERS K. J. MARTIJN , NAIR VINAY B. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTWe investigate how the market for corporate control (external governance) and shareholder activism (internal governance) interact. A portfolio that buys firms with the highest level of takeover vulnerability and shorts firms with the lowest level of takeover vulnerability generates an annualized abnormal return of 10% to 15% only when public pension fund (blockholder) ownership is high as well. A similar portfolio created to capture the importance of internal governance generates annualized abnormal returns of 8%, though only in the presence of “high” vulnerability to takeovers. The complementarity effect exists for firms with lower industry‐adjusted leverage and is stronger for smaller firms.
Transparency and International Portfolio Holdings
Authors: GELOS R. GASTON , WEI SHANG‐JIN 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTDoes country transparency affect international portfolio investment? We examine this question by constructing new measures of transparency and by making use of a unique microdata set on portfolio holdings of emerging market funds around the world. We distinguish between government and corporate transparency. There is clear evidence that funds systematically invest less in less transparent countries. Moreover, funds have a greater propensity to exit nontransparent countries during crises.
Cultural Theories of Nursing Responsive to Human Needs and Values
Authors: Kikuchi June F. 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To present an alternative to the recent proposal that the extant theories of nursing be replaced with culture‐specific theories of nursing in order to have theories of nursing that are culturally responsive.
Method: A philosophical analysis of the implications for nursing practice of adopting the proposal serves as the basis for recommending a different philosophically based theoretical solution. Anticipated probable objections to that recommendation are considered.
Conclusion: Culture‐specific theories of nursing might allow nurses to be culturally sensitive. However, because nurses must be humanly responsive to the needs of people as human beings and not just as cultural beings, cultural theories of nursing should be developed within the precepts of a transcultural theory of nursing grounded in a conception of objective human needs and values.
Genomics and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Frazier Lorraine , Johnson Rolanda L. , Sparks Elizabeth 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To describe genetic knowledge and discovery in the area of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to discuss how these new advances will influence the clinical care of affected people.
Organizing Framework: A selective review of the literature is presented on the disease mechanism of both the Mendelian and multifactorial genetic cardiovascular conditions. A case study approach is used to illustrate how the genetic paradigm affects the healthcare experience of a family affected with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Findings: The current state of CVD treatment remains complex. An understanding of genomic concepts and a genome‐based approach is necessary to determine: (a) the risk of CVD susceptibility beyond traditional risk factors; (b) early detection of illness; (c) response to treatment; and (d) molecular taxonomy of the disease.
Conclusions: The results of genetic research, education, and teaching will lead to a new understanding of genes and pathways, resulting in powerful new therapeutic approaches to CVD. The challenge is to translate genetic discoveries into clinical practice that ultimately leads to preventing CVD and reducing mortality.
Predictors of Alcohol Misuse and Abuse in Older Women
Authors: Stevenson Joanne Sabol , Masters Joan A. 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To determine the predictive ability of self‐report questions, physical measures, and biomarkers to detect alcohol misuse and abuse among older women.
Design and Methods: Healthy women volunteers age 60 and older who fit selection criteria were enrolled. The 135 participants were divided into nondrinkers (ND; n= 63) and drinkers (D; n= 72) based on self‐reports of quantity and frequency of standard drinks consumed per month. The mean ages for the groups were 69.2 (ND) and 69.6 (D).
Findings: The best predictor was a score >0 on the T‐ACE, a four‐item instrument to detect alcohol abuse. Other significant predictors were: (a) behaviors: smoking, mixing over‐the‐counter (OTC) drugs with alcohol, heavy coffee drinking, using alcohol to sleep, and less sleep latency; and (b) biomarkers: higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The heaviest drinker subgroup had more physical stigmata, including broken blood vessels in nose and larger liver spans.
Conclusions: The “best predictor model” showed that older women who were at risk for alcohol misuse or abuse had T‐ACE scores of 1 or higher, used two or more OTC drugs regularly, drank large amounts of coffee, used alcohol to fall asleep, and had less sleep latency. Because positive T‐ACE scores have high sensitivity and specificity for alcohol abuse, scores of 1 or greater should be addressed in clinical settings, e.g., referrals for more definitive diagnoses and relevant treatment.
Risk Perception and Compliance With Quarantine During the SARS Outbreak
Authors: Cava Maureen A. , Fay Krissa E. , Beanlands Heather J. , McCay Elizabeth A. , Wignall Rouleen 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To explore the experience of being on quarantine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) with a focus on the relationship between perceived risk of contracting SARS and reported compliance with the quarantine order and protocols.
Design: Descriptive, qualitative.
Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with people who had been quarantined during the SARS outbreak in Toronto in 2003. Data analysis was completed using an iterative and collaborative approach of reading and re‐reading the transcribed interviews, identifying common themes, and comparing and contrasting the data.
Findings: To varying extents, participants wavered between fear and denial about their risk of contracting or spreading SARS. Reported compliance with the actual quarantine order was high. However, within households quarantine protocols were followed unevenly.
Conclusions: This research indicates the need for greater credibility in public health communications to increase compliance with quarantine protocols and to contain outbreaks of new and deadly infectious diseases.
Incorporating Documents Into Qualitative Nursing Research
Authors: Miller Fiona A. , Alvarado Kim 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To present an overview of how documents can be incorporated as key sources of data in qualitative nursing research.
Methods: Analysis of the nature of documents and the distinctive features of any research strategy to analyze documents.
Conclusions: Many different strategies can be used in the analysis of documentary sources that are relevant to nursing practice. A systematic approach to the analysis of these textual resources, using one or several of the analytic strategies described here, can support and advance nursing scholarship.
Inhibitory effect of piperlonguminine on melanin production in melanoma B16 cell line by downregulation of tyrosinase expression
Authors: Kim Kyeong‐Soo , Kim Jeong Ah , Eom Seung‐Yong , Lee Seung Ho , Min Kyung Rak , Kim Youngsoo 
Published: November 2005

SummaryTyrosinase is a key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis, and hyperpigmentation disorders are associated with abnormal accumulation of melanin pigments, which can be improved by treatment with depigmenting agents. In the present study, piperlonguminine from Piper longum was discovered to inhibit melanin production in melanoma B16 cells stimulated with α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine or protoporphyrin IX, where the compound exhibited stronger depigmenting efficacy than kojic acid. However, piperlonguminine did not affect 1‐oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycerol‐induced melanogenesis and did not affect protein kinase C‐mediated melanin production. Surprisingly, piperlonguminine did not inhibit the catalytic activity of cell‐free tyrosinase from melanoma B16 cells but rather suppressed tyrosinase mRNA expression. This effect was attributed to the inhibitory action of piperlonguminine on α‐MSH‐induced signaling through cAMP to the cAMP responsive element binding protein that in turn regulates the expression of the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, a key activator of the tyrosinase promoter. This study demonstrates that piperlonguminine is an efficient depigmenting agent with a novel mechanism of action.
CONTENT OF TRANS C18:1 AND TRANS C18:2 ISOMERS AND CIS9TRANS11 C18:2 (CLA) IN FAT BLENDS
Authors: ŻEGARSKA Z. , PASZCZYK B. , BOREJSZO Z. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT The content ofTrans C18:1,Trans C18:2 and cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA) in the marketed fat blends was evaluated by capillary gas chromatography and silver thin‐layer chromatography. For comparison, the level of these acids was also determined in commercial butter, purchased at the same time. The content ofTrans C18:1 in fat blends showed that half of the examined products containedTrans C18:1 at 1.9–4.4%, while the other half contained 8.2–24.2%Trans fatty acids. The fat blends with a high total content ofTrans C18:1 were characterized by a high proportion ofTrans 6–8 andTrans 9 isomers. TheTrans 9 C18:1 in these products constituted 15.0–22.5% of the totalTrans C18:1. The level ofTrans C18:2 in fat blends examined ranged from 0.3 to 1.1%. Seven of the 18 tested fat blends contained, apart from cis‐trans andTrans‐cis C18:2, alsoTrans‐trans C18:2 in the 0.03–0.4% range. In all fat blends examined, CLA was present. The products with a low level ofTrans C18:1 contained CLA at 0.3–1.0%. The content of CLA in the fat blends with high level ofTrans C18:1 did not exceed 0.3%.
LIVER AND MUSCLE TISSUE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THE LIPID FRACTIONS OFDIPLODUS VULGARISFROM THE NORTH ADRIATIC SEA, CROATIA
Authors: VARLJEN JADRANKA , BATIČIĆ LARA , SINČIĆ‐MODRIĆ GORDANA , VARLJEN NEVEN , KAPOVIĆ MILJENKO 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTLiver and muscle tissue from two‐banded sea bream,Diplodus vulgaris, were analyzed. The total lipid content recorded was 1.1 ± 0.3% in the edible muscle tissue and 4.5 ± 1.0% in the liver. The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols and polar (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine) lipid fractions from the liver and muscle tissue were determined. The major fatty acids in both tissues were saturates: palmitic (20.8–43.4%) and stearic acids (6.3–33.7%); monounsaturates: oleic (10.0–33.6%) and palmitoleic acids (2.1–11.0%); and polyunsaturates: arachidonic (1.5–8.6%), docosatrienoic (0.8–11.6%), eicosapentaenoic (1.1–5.5%) and docosahexaenoic acids (1.5–9.9%). The liver contained more n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with the muscle tissue. A statistically significant difference in the relative amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid was found in the phosphatidylethanolamine between muscle and liver tissue (P < 0.01). The relative ratio of docosahexaenoic acid was statistically significantly higher in liver triacylglycerols (P < 0.0005) and phosphatidylcholine (P < 0.05) compared with the muscle tissue.
MONOACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHESIS VIA ENZYMATIC GLYCEROLYSIS USING A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT REACTION SYSTEM
Authors: YANG TIANKUI , REBSDORF MORTEN , ENGELRUD ULRIK , XU XUEBING 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT The production of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) via enzymatic glycerolysis in a simple and efficient operation was evaluated. The sunflower oil was used as the starting material to produce MAGs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids. Three commercial immobilized lipases, namely Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435, were employed in a batch reaction system. Novozym 435 showed better properties in glycerolysis. The increased temperature and high glycerol/oil ratio had little effect on the yield of MAGs in such a system. The reaction in a packed bed reactor (PBR) gave lower yield of MAGs because of the insufficient contact between the oil and the glycerol in the continuous reactor. The low homogeneity in the enzymatic glycerolysis system was the obstacle to improve the MAG yield; thus, tert‐butanol was used in the reaction system. The equilibrium yield of up to 70% MAGs in the selected reaction system was easily obtained within 2 h in a simple batch reactor. The reaction in a PBR was also conducted in tert‐butanol medium with a conjugated linoleic acid oil. The MAG yield of 70% was also obtained with a residence time of only 30 min. The pressure drop of the system was less than 1 bar per m/h linear flow rate, indicating that the operation could be used in practical applications.