bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of occupation and safety practices with work-injury absence among public hospital employees in Latin America: a study from Costa Rica
Authors: Gimeno David , Felknor Sarah A , Burau Keith D , Delclos George L , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh 
Published: August 2007

Background:Injury-related statistics in developing countries are rare.Objective:To assess the relationship between occupational and safety-related risk factors and absences from work during the preceding 6 months due to work-related injury among public hospital employees in Costa Rica.Methods:Data were used from a cross-sectional survey conducted in December 2000 among a stratified random sample of 1000 employees from 10 of the 29 public hospitals in Costa Rica. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, occupational exposures, and organizational risk factors. A dichotomous variable was created to indicate work-injury absence. At-risk employees (n = 466) were classified as having had a work-injury absence if they reported having been absent for at least 1 day in the preceding 6 months because of a work-related injury. OR and 95% CI were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models.Results:There is a greater likelihood of injury-related absence in non-professional occupational positions (ie, auxiliary personnel (OR = 2.29) and general services employees (OR = 5.55)) than in professional positions, and in employees who show poor compliance with safety practices (OR = 2.03) and have high interference from their job task (OR = 3.79) compared with their counterparts.Conclusions:Work-injury absence appears not only to be a function of work injury, but also a function of occupation and degree of compliance with safety practices.
Meta-Discourse: Plato's Timaeus according to Calcidius
Authors: Reydams-Schils Gretchen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper brings Calcidius' 4th. c. AD Latin commentary on Plato's Timaeus into the fold of research on the methodological assumptions and hermeneutical practices of the ancient commentary tradition. The first part deals with the question of how Calcidius sees his role as a commentator in relation to the original text, to his audience, and to the Platonist tradition. The second part examines the organizing principles and structuring devices of the commentary, and what these can tell us about connections between exegesis and worldview. As with many other commentaries, Calcidius' purpose becomes clearer if we approach him from a pedagogical angle. His practice, like most of the content of his commentary, appears to connect him to older layers of Platonism, pre-dating so-called Neoplatonism. It reveals a distinct authorial voice, of someone who is very conscious of his role as a cultural mediator and who has a philosophical line to pursue.
Single gene mutations causing exaggerated fins also cause non-genetic changes in the display behavior of male zebrafish
Authors: Iovine  , Itzkowitz  
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe show that the exaggerated changes in fin lengths of zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by a single gene mutation also resulted in changes in the lateral display rate. However, the increase in this threat display rate only occurred when both fish had very long fins. Fish with shorter fins did not show such an increase when they met fish with longer, same size, or shorter fins. Cutting the long fins to resemble the shorter fin types reduced the display rate, demonstrating that genetic differences do not account for the differences in behavior. These results suggest that species differences in the performance of a display may reflect only the physical differences in the display structure.
Social aggression in an age-dependent dominance hierarchy
Authors: Cronin Adam , Field Jeremy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSocial aggression arises from conflicts of interest over reproduction in animal societies. Aggression is often highly variable between individuals in a group, may be correlated with dominance, and is often integral to the establishment of dominance hierarchies that in turn determine reproductive opportunities. However, reproductive dominance is not always linked with social dominance: 'queens' are not always the most aggressive individuals in a group. Furthermore, in some animals social rank is determined without aggression, and derived through another means, such as gerontocracy. In such instances, what is the role of aggression, and what underlies the variation between individuals? Here, we investigate the relationship between inheritance rank and aggression in the hover wasp Liostenogaster flavolineata, which has an age-based inheritance queue. All females in this study were of known age and, thus, rank could be determined independently of behaviour. Observations of intra-colony aggression indicated that aggression increased with inheritance rank and occurred among non-breeding subordinates. This cannot be explained by models that do not account for aggression between non-breeders. It is likely that contests over inheritance rank and the higher future fitness anticipated by high-ranking individuals account for this pattern.
The Human Being in Chinese Civilization
Authors: Xin Ru 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe author provides an introductory view of the notion of dignity and yen (benevolence) in Confucius’ and Mencius’ doctrines. It compares them with classical Western positions (viz. Plato’s), through an analysis of the Analects and Mencius’ works. It shows that because of a strong emphasis on the importance and dignity of the human person, Chinese humanism has been developing under a specific social and cultural background which is entirely different from that of Western countries.
Unesco at 60
Authors: Lévi-Strauss Claude 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the text of the intervention pronounced by Claude Lévi-Strauss for the 60th anniversary of Unesco in 2006. Lévi-Strauss recalls the intersections between his activity in the field of anthropology and ethnology and Unesco since its foundation, and the role Unesco can play nowadays in the preservation of cultural diversity and biodiversity.
Towards Embracing Clinical Uncertainty
Authors: Spafford Marlee M. , Schryer Catherine F. , Campbell Sandra L. , Lingard Lorelei 
Published: August 2007

• Summary: The oral transmission and transformation of client information in an apprenticeship setting provides a rich environment in which to observe students and their expert supervisors managing uncertainty. In this Canadian-based study, we examined the communicative features of 12 social work supervisions involving social work students and their supervisors and enriched our observations with subsequent interviews of the participants. • Findings: Social work students viewed the acknowledgement and examination of uncertainty as a touchstone of competent social work. This observation contrasted with our past study of medical and optometry students who focused on personal deficit and a distrust of acknowledging uncertainty. Our observations and interviews revealed a unique professional signature to the novice rhetoric of uncertainty (seeking guidance, deflecting criticism, owning limits, showing competence) that suggests differing professional identities and contextual settings. • Applications : An attitudinal shift toward accepting and trusting uncertainty in medicine and optometry may facilitate an enriched educational environment for students and a more open dialogue with patients about uncertainty. The unique professional signatures of this rhetoric offer insights into how professional identity shapes attitudes and behaviors toward uncertainty and suggest a source of tension within interdisciplinary healthcare teams.
Doing sensitive research: what challenges do qualitative researchers face?
Authors: Dickson-Swift Virginia , James Erica L. , Kippen Sandra , Liamputtong Pranee 
Published: August 2007

As health researchers we need to investigate a wide range of topics to enhance our understanding of the many issues that affect health and well-being in today's society. Much of the health research undertaken today involves face-to-face encounters with participants using qualitative methodologies. There is a growing recognition that undertaking qualitative research can pose many difficulties for researchers. However, very little research has focused directly on the experiences of researchers while undertaking qualitative research and the issues that their involvement in the research raises for them. To explore these issues, one-to-one interviews were conducted with 30 qualitative health researchers. A grounded theory analysis revealed that researchers can face a number of challenges while undertaking qualitative research. These include issues relating to rapport development, use of researcher self-disclosure, listening to untold stories, feelings of guilt and vulnerability, leaving the research relationship and researcher exhaustion. These results are discussed and recommendations for researchers involved in qualitative research are made.
On the Divine Institution of the Three-fold Ministry
Authors: Ormerod Neil 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWorking within a largely Roman Catholic framework this paper explores the possible meanings of the notion of divine institution of the three-fold order of ministry. By locating that meaning within the realm of practical intelligence, viewing institutions as efficient and effective means for meeting recurrent needs, it argues for a position on divine institution which both recognises some normativity in relation to the three-fold structure of bishop—priest—deacon and allows some flexibility in relation to that structure, a flexibility evident within the Roman Catholic tradition itself. It is hoped that this approach creates an ecumenical space for consideration of the validity of other forms of church order.
Local Churches, Universal Church and Other Churches in Lumen Gentium
Authors: Famerée Joseph 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe teaching of Vatican II's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium, about local Churches in relation to the universal Church, and about other Churches in relation to the Roman Catholic Church, has yet to be fully received. This teaching is best understood with reference to other conciliar documents, especially those on liturgy, ecumenism and the pastoral office of bishops. The Council did not identify the Church of Christ with the Roman Catholic Church, but recognised that many elements of the Church exist outside the visible bounds of the latter. These make for impressive, albeit imperfect, bonds of communion across Christian divisions already. The Roman Catholic Church itself was described as a corporate body of (local) Churches, the local Churches being not subdivided `parts' but qualitatively full `portions' of the universal Church. There is a mutual interiority between these diocesan Churches and the universal Church and a perichoresis among the local Churches themselves, deriving from the Trinity (Ecclesia de Trinitate).
The Divine—Human Tension in the Ecclesiology of Yves Congar
Authors: Koskela Douglas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article examines the significant ecclesiological contribution of the French Dominican theologian Yves Congar. In particular, it is argued that the attempt to account for both the divine and human dimensions of the Church was central to Congar's ecclesiological program. Beginning with his early work Chrétiens désunis , Congar recognised the Church both as an extension of the divine communion (Ecclesia de Trinitate) and as a human society (Ecclesia ex Hominibus ), united through the mediating work of Christ (Ecclesia in Christo ). This divine—human tension pervaded his theology of the laity, his treatment of appropriate reform in the church, and his understanding of the appropriate role of Church hierarchy. As he turned his attention increasingly toward pneumatology later in his career, this basic orientation was deepened and enriched. Throughout his career, Congar aimed to maintain fidelity to his tradition while engaging the challenges of the contemporary world.
Mining, processing and applications of the Capim Basin kaolin, Brazil
Authors: Murray H. H. , Alves C. A. , Bastos C. H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHigh-quality kaolins are produced from two sites in the Capim River area in Pará State, northern Brazil. One mine is operated by Rio Capim Caulim (RCC) owned by Imerys and the other by Pará Pigmentos S.A. (PPSA) owned by Caemi (CVRD Group). The kaolin deposits are located on low-relief plateaux with a lateritic cap. The kaolin strata are in the Ipixuna Formation of Upper Cretaceous Age. There are two distinct kaolin layers, a 4–5 m thick soft kaolin which is overlain in the southern portion of the basin by a 4–5 m thick hard kaolin. The soft and hard designations refer to particle size, with the soft kaolin being relatively coarse and the hard kaolin very fine. The kaolin is mined, partially beneficiated, and pumped through pipelines to the port at Barcarena on the Guama River, a large tributary of the Amazon River. The PPSA kaolin is fully processed at the plant near the mine site and pumped to Barcarena where it is spray dried. The RCC kaolin is only partially processed at the mine site. This partially processed kaolin is pumped to Barcarena where it is beneficiated. The finished kaolin is high quality and is shipped to North and South American, European, and Asian paper-coating markets. More than 1.6M tons were shipped from Barcarena in 2005.
MAS NMR investigation of kaolinite-smectite structure using 6Li and 29Si with Mn exchange
Authors: Cuadros J. , Wing-Dudek T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractKaolinite-smectite mixed-layers have been found to have a complex structure with smectite and kaolinite domains within layers. Here we further investigate this structure in samples with 0–80% kaolinite layers, as determined by X-ray diffraction, by means of magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) of 29Si and 6Li. The 29Si NMR experiments were carried out on two samples (55 and 80% kaolinite layers), before and after their exchange with Mn2+, a paramagnetic ion that causes NMR signal loss from neighbouring nuclei, in order to investigate the distance between Mn ions and Si atoms in kaolinite sites. The 29Si NMR intensity from such sites (at ~–91 ppm) was reduced upon Mn exchange, indicating that some Mn ions are located near kaolinite Si sites. The position of the 6Li peak changes slightly (–1.3 to –1.8 ppm) but progressively with increasing kaolinite content (0–80% kaolinite layers) of four K-S specimens, suggesting two slightly different chemical environments for interlayer Li, one related to smectite and the other to kaolinite. The two sets of experiments are consistent with a complex structure of kaolinite-smectite, including smectite and kaolinite domains within layers and/or interlayers of varying smectitic and kaolinitic character.
Thermally induced mineral and chemical transformations in calcareous mudstones around a basaltic dyke (Perthus Pass, southern Massif Central, France). Possible implications as a natural analogue of nuclear waste disposal
Authors: Henry C. , Boisson J.-Y. , Bouchet A. , Meunier A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA mixed-layer illite-smectite, illite-rich calcareous mudstone intruded by a basaltic dyke at the Perthus Pass (southern Massif Central, France) allows us to study the transformation of clays subjected to a brief thermal gradient. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and atomic absorption spectroscopy analyses were performed on samples at variable distances from the mudstone-dyke contacts.A roughly similar evolution is seen on both sides of the dyke: quartz, calcite, kaolinite and illite disappear; Ca-silicates, albite and saponite-beidellite form, late meteoric halloysite crystallizes in open fractures.Chemical and mineralogical transformations are related to heat diffusion from the dyke. Theoretical calculations highlight the influence of the dyke orientation. The mineralogical reactions observed in rocks are similar to those observed in experimental conditions. The formation of new swelling phases with a high retention capacity linked to a short duration, large-temperature increase, should constitute a positive process for Repository Performance Assessment.
Evaluation of selected kaolins as raw materials for the Turkish cement and concrete industry
Authors: Aras A. , Albayrak M. , Arikan M. , Sobolev K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTurkey has a long tradition (starting with prehistoric civilizations) and experience in exploring for raw clay materials and processing them into ceramic products. Many of these products, such as tiles and sanitary ware, are manufactured for domestic and export markets. Kaolin is one of the raw materials of major importance for the ceramic and paper industry, as well as for a number of auxiliary applications. There is ongoing interest in applying kaolin in the construction industry as a raw material in the production of white cement clinker and as an artificial pozzolanic additive for concrete (in the form of metakaolin). This report presents results related to search, assessment and evaluation of available resources for advanced cement and concrete additives.
Surface modification of bentonites. V. Sol-gel transitions of Ca-montmorillonite in the presence of cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides)
Authors: Lagaly G. , Ziesmer S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe colloidal state of aqueous Ca2+-montmorillonite dispersions was modified with three types of cationic end-capped poly(ethylene oxides). The macromolecules were not only adsorbed at the external surfaces but were also intercalated into the dispersed montmorillonite particles. The amounts adsorbed and the basal spacings (~1.7 nm) were comparable to the corresponding Na+-montmorillonite dispersions. The poly(ethylene oxides) protruding out of the interlayer spaces or adsorbed at the external surface determined the colloidal behaviour of the dispersions. The phase diagrams (sol-gel diagrams) of the Ca2+-montmorillonite dispersions differed from those of the corresponding Na+-montmorillonite because of the different colloidal states of both dispersions (Ca2+-montmorillonite particlesvs.delaminated Na+-montmorillonite). The phase diagrams of the poly(ethylene oxide) containing Ca2+-montmorillonite dispersions showed fields of sol and flocs. Attractive gels were formed in a few cases only (TMA+-PEO 1500 and 4000, THA2+-PEO 1500, 4000 and 20,000) and with distinctly lower gel strength than in the presence of Na+ions. On the basis of the sol-gel diagrams, conditions (type and concentration of poly(ethylene oxides), montmorillonite content) can be selected which lead to peptization of the Ca2+-montmorillonite particles into stable colloidal dispersions (sols). Addition of cationic poly(ethylene oxides) can enhance the salt tolerance up to 1000 mmol/l NaCl.
CD38 expression labels an activated subset within chronic lymphocytic leukemia clones enriched in proliferating B cells
Authors: Damle Rajendra N. , Temburni Sonal , Calissano Carlo , Yancopoulos Sophia , Banapour Taraneh , Sison Cristina , Allen Steven L. , Rai Kanti R. , Chiorazzi Nicholas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are thought to have diminished cell-cycling capacity, a view challenged by their phenotypic resemblance to activated human B lymphocytes. The present study addresses the cell-cycling status of CLL cells, focusing on those leukemic cells expressing CD38, a molecule involved in signaling and activation that also serves as a prognostic marker in this disease. CD38+ and CD38− members of individual CLL clones were analyzed for coexpression of molecules associated with cellular activation (CD27, CD62L, and CD69), cell-cycle entry (Ki-67), signaling (ZAP-70), and protection from apoptosis (telomerase and Bcl-2). Regardless of the size of the CD38+ fraction within a CLL clone, CD38+ subclones are markedly enriched for expression of Ki-67, ZAP-70, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, and telomerase activity. Although the percentage of cells (approximately 2%) entering the cell cycle as defined by Ki-67 expression is small, the absolute number within a clone can be sizeable and is contained primarily within the CD38+ fraction. Despite these activation/proliferation differences, both CD38+ and CD38− fractions have similar telomere lengths, suggesting that CD38 expression is dynamic and transient. These findings may help explain why high percentages of CD38+ cells within clones are associated with poor clinical outcome.
Identification of putative regulatory upstream ORFs in the yeast genome using heuristics and evolutionary conservation
Authors: Cvijović Marija , Dalevi Daniel , Bilsland Elizabeth , Kemp Graham JL , Sunnerhagen Per 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
The translational efficiency of an mRNA can be modulated by upstream open reading frames (uORFs) present in certain genes. A uORF can attenuate translation of the main ORF by interfering with translational reinitiation at the main start codon. uORFs also occur by chance in the genome, in which case they do not have a regulatory role. Since the sequence determinants for functional uORFs are not understood, it is difficult to discriminate functional from spurious uORFs by sequence analysis.

Results
We have used comparative genomics to identify novel uORFs in yeast with a high likelihood of having a translational regulatory role. We examined uORFs, previously shown to play a role in regulation of translation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for evolutionary conservation within seven Saccharomyces species. Inspection of the set of conserved uORFs yielded the following three characteristics useful for discrimination of functional from spurious uORFs: a length between 4 and 6 codons, a distance from the start of the main ORF between 50 and 150 nucleotides, and finally a lack of overlap with, and clear separation from, neighbouring uORFs. These derived rules are inherently associated with uORFs with properties similar to the GCN4 locus, and may not detect most uORFs of other types. uORFs with high scores based on these rules showed a much higher evolutionary conservation than randomly selected uORFs. In a genome-wide scan in S. cerevisiae, we found 34 conserved uORFs from 32 genes that we predict to be functional; subsequent analysis showed the majority of these to be located within transcripts. A total of 252 genes were found containing conserved uORFs with properties indicative of a functional role; all but 7 are novel. Functional content analysis of this set identified an overrepresentation of genes involved in transcriptional control and development.

Conclusion
Evolutionary conservation of uORFs in yeasts can be traced up to 100 million years of separation. The conserved uORFs have certain characteristics with respect to length, distance from each other and from the main start codon, and folding energy of the sequence. These newly found characteristics can be used to facilitate detection of other conserved uORFs.