bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary characterization of a serum viral inhibitor in goats
Authors: Yilma Tilahun , Owens Sally , Adams D. Scott 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A serum viral inhibitor (svi) was isolated from goats and partially characterized. The inhibitor prevented the cytopathic effects of vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and a caprine herpesvirus, indicating broad antiviral activity. The svi was distinct from interferon because svi did not induce an antiviral state in cells (ie, lack of protection of svi-treated cells from virus challenge). The svi had activity on heterologous cells, including human, bovine, and ovine cells. The lack of antiviral activity in mouse cells indicated that svi was not an antibody. Like fibroblast interferon, however, svi was sensitive to trypsin, was acid stable at pH 2 and 4 C for 4 days, was heat stable at 56 C for 1 hour, and could not be sedimented by centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 4 hours.
Serum concentrations of thyroxine and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine before and after intravenous or intramuscular thyrotropin administration in dogs
Authors: Wheeler S. L. , Husted P. W. , Rosychuk R.A.W. , Allen T. A. , Nett T. M. , Olson P. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Response to thyrotropin (tsh) was evaluated in 2 groups of mixed-breed dogs. Thyrotropin (5 IU) was administered iv to dogs in group 1 (n = 15) and im to dogs in group 2 (n = 15). Venous blood samples were collected immediately before administration of tsh and at 2-hour intervals for 12 hours thereafter. In group 1, the maximum mean concentration (± sd) of thyroxine (T4; 7.76 ± 2.60 μg/dl) and 3,5,3’-triiodothyroxine (T3;1.56 ± 0.51 ng/ml) was attained at postinjection hours (pih) 8 and 6, respectively. However, the mean concentration of T4 at pih 6 (7.21 ± 2.39 μg/dl) was not different (P > 0.05) from the mean concentration at pih 8. The maximum mean concentration of T4 (10.10 ± 3.50 μg/dl) and T3 (2.22 ± 1.24 ng/ml) in group 2 was attained at pih 12 and 10, respectively.
Because dogs given tsh by the im route manifested pain during injection, had variable serum concentrations of T3 after tsh administration, and may require 5 IU to achieve maximal increases in serum T4 concentrations, iv administration of tsh is recommended. The optimal sampling time to observe maximal increases in T3 and T4 after iv administration of tsh was 6 hours. Repeat iv administration of tsh may cause anaphylaxis and, therefore, is not recommended.
Effect of irradiation on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii cysts in tissues of mice and pigs
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Brake R. J. , Murrell K. D. , Fayer R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Muscles from tongue, heart, and limbs of 14 pigs inoculated orally with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts were irradiated with 10, 20, 25, and 30 krad of γ (cesium-137 and cobalt-60) irradiation. Viability of T gondii cysts was assayed by feeding porcine muscles to T gondii-free cats and/or by inoculation of sediment from acid-pepsin digested porcine muscle into mice. Cats fed 500-g samples of muscles irradiated with up to 20 krad shed T gondii oocysts. Cats fed muscles irradiated with 25 or 30 krad did not shed oocysts. Mice were inoculated with 8 isolates of T gondii, and tissue cysts in their brains irradiated with up to 40 krad were infective to mice; however, there was a 10,000-fold reduction in the viability of organisms in tissue cysts irradiated with 40 krad, compared with that in nonirradiated cysts. At 50 krad of γ irradiation, there were no detectable infective organisms in infected mouse brains.
Concentration of ivermectin in bovine serum and its effect on the fecundity of psoroptic mange mites
Authors: Guillot Frank S. , Wright Fred C. , Oehler Delbert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The concentration-time profile of ivermectin in serum was determined for 3 Hereford heifers. The mean maximum serum concentration, 29 ng of ivermectin/ml, was obtained 48 hours after single subcutaneous injection of 200 μg/kg of body weight.
The fecundity of mites placed on 9 treated animals at 5, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days after injection was reduced by 96% to 99%. At 24 days after treatment, when serum concentration had decreased to about 2 ng/ml, the capability of mites to produce eggs increased to 50% of mites from nontreated calves. At 27 and 30 days after the drug was injected, egg production by mites on treated calves was equivalent to that of mites on nontreated calves. The reduced fecundity resulted from an almost complete cessation of oviposition by females after only a 1-day exposure to ivermectin-treated calves.
Endotoxemia in horses: Protection provided by antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Whitlock Robert H. , Corbeil Lynette B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An equine antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide was produced by inoculation of 6 horses with a boiled cell bacterin made from the J-5 mutant of Escherichia coli O111:B4. The antiserum immunoglobulin G titer to J-5 mutant E coli, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was 1:15,006. Pooled serum prepared before inoculation (preimmune serum) had a J-5 immunoglobulin G titer of 1:350.
The J-5 antiserum was tested for its protective efficacy in sublethal endotoxemia in 14 horses. Four horses served as nontreated controls and were given nothing before endotoxin challenge exposure (10 μg/kg of body weight, iv). Pooled preimmune serum (3 ml/kg, iv) was administered to 5 horses and J-5 antiserum (3 ml/kg, iv) was administered to 5 other horses 2 to 15 hours before endotoxin challenge exposure. During the 24 hours postendotoxin challenge exposure, endotoxemia was accompanied by significant (P < 0.05) time-related changes in temperature, heart rate, pulse character, respiratory rate and character, capillary refill time, mucous membrane color, fecal composition, attitude, pcv, total plasma protein, wbc count, platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinolytic degradation products, plasma glucose, and plasma lactate in all horses. There were no apparent treatment vs time interactions (P > 0.05). Two horses (1 control and 1 given J-5 antiserum) died suddenly from unknown causes immediately after endotoxin challenge exposure. Seemingly, equine antiserum to core lipopolysaccharide did not provide protection from the adverse effects of experimental endotoxemia produced by bolus iv infusion of 10 μg of endotoxin/kg.
Equine intravenous glucose tolerance test: Glucose and insulin responses of healthy horses fed grain or hay and of horses with pituitary adenoma
Authors: Garcia Marolo C. , Beech Jill 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intravenous glucose tolerance testing (0.5 g/kg of body weight) was done on 2 groups of healthy horses maintained with hay (group 1, n = 5) and with hay plus grain supplementation (group 2, n = 5) and on a group of horses with clinically diagnosed pituitary adenoma (group 3, n = 10). Healthy horses showed an immediate increase of plasma glucose concentration after the iv glucose injection, with return of values to base line in 1 hour. Group 3 horses showed resting hyperglycemia and a delayed return of glucose values to base line (3 hours). Group 3 horses showed resting hyperinsulinemia and a feeble (nonsignificant) response to the glycemic stimulus, with gradual decrease of insulin values to base line. In addition to the apparently reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin in group 3 horses, as evidenced by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and protracted glucose and insulin curves, the initial decrease in the insulin/glucose ratio indicates that there was secretory deficiency in response to acute iv glucose loading.
Histologie findings in the gastrointestinal tract of horses with colic
Authors: Meschter Carol L. , Tyler David E. , White Nathaniel A. , Moore James 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty horses were admitted to the University of Georgia Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with colic severe enough to warrant surgery and/or euthanasia. Gastrointestinal tracts of these 30 horses were histologically examined for morphologic changes. The horses were grouped according to cause of the colic (ie, simple obstruction, strangulation obstruction, thromboemboli, and inflammation). Lesions were graded as to severity, and grade scores were correlated with survival or nonsurvival. Mucosal changes developed distal and proximal to the primary lesion site and, although there were some differences between groups, changes characteristic of ischemia were common to all groups. The predictability of lesion grades of 2 or higher for nonsurvivability (90%) indicates that intestinal biopsy may have prognostic value in the postsurgical evaluation and management of equine colic.
Plasmid DNA of virulent Alcaligenes faecalis
Authors: Luginbuhl G. H. , Cutter D. , Campodonico G. , Peace J. , Simmons D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Alcaligenes faecalis strains originating from chickens and from epizootics of coryza in turkeys were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and for the presence of plasmid DNA. Seven of 35 strains contained plasmid DNA ranging in size from 10.5 to approximately 32 megadaltons. All of the strains isolated from turkeys were virulent in turkey poults, but only the plasmid-containing strains were resistant to sulfonamides and streptomycin. Four of the plasmid-containing strains were also resistant to tetracycline. Five different plasmids representing at least 2 different incompatibility groups were identified in the 7 plasmid-bearing A faecalis strain.
Cardiopulmonary effects of acepromazine and of the subsequent administration of ketamine in the dog
Authors: Farver Tom B. , Haskins Steve C. , Patz John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiopulmonary consequences of acepromazine (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, iv) followed by iv administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg) were evaluated in 13 dogs. Acepromazine caused significant decreases in arterial blood pressure, stroke volume, left ventricular work, left ventricular stroke work, breathing rate, minute ventilation, and oxygen consumption. Subsequent administration of ketamine caused significant increases in heart rate, effective alveolar volume, alveolar-arterial PO2 gradient (transient increase), venous admixture (transient increase), and PaCO2 and
(transient increases), and caused significant decreases in stroke volume, minute ventilation, physiologic dead space, and arterial and venous PO2 (transient decreases).
In vitro study of polymorphonuclear leukocyte damage to mammary tissues of lactating cows
Authors: Capuco A. V. , Paape M. J. , Nickerson S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (pmn) on mammary tissue of lactating cows were studied in vitro. The pmn were isolated from mammary glands of nulliparous heifers given an injection of 5 μg of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Mammary tissue was obtained from noninfected quarters of 5 lactating Holstein cows and was cultured in supplemented medium 199. Mammary explants were treated by addition of intact or lysed pmn (105, 106, 107/ml) or pmn (105, 107/ml) which were allowed to phagocytose opsonized zymosan. Controls included cultures of mammary tissue alone, pmn alone, and mammary tissue plus zymosan. Cultures were incubated at 37 C for 3, 8, or 24 hours. Tissue from 1 randomly selected culture/treatment was weighed and processed for microscopy. Tissue from remaining cultures was incubated with [3H]amino acids or [14C]acetate to determine rates of protein and fatty acid synthesis. Media from all cultures were assayed for activity of the lysosomal enzyme, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase.
An increase (P < 0.02) in the activity of this enzyme was detected in the medium of explant cultures treated with 107 phagocytosing pmn/ml at 3 and 8 hours and with 107 intact or lysed pmn/ml at 8 hours. Treatment did not inhibit (P > 0.05) rates of protein or fatty acid synthesis. Microscopic examination indicated that epithelial cell damage resulted from treatment with 106 and 107 intact, lysed, or phagocytosing pmn/ml. Greatest morphologic damage resulted from treatment with phagocytosing pmn.
Electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in sheep: Measurement of cutaneous pain thresholds and plasma concentrations of prolactin and β-endorphin immunoreactivity
Authors: Bossut D. F. B. , Stromberg M. W. , Malven P. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eleven male and 15 female sheep were subjected to electroacupuncture (ea) treatment, using 2 needle loci described in the Chinese veterinary literature as Yao Pang (lumbar region) and San Yang Lu (1 thoracic limb). Non-injurious cutaneous stimuli were applied, using a calibrated pin-prick probe, a clamp, and a contact heat (75 to 95 C) probe. Cutaneous pain thresholds (pt) were quantified in 7 body areas during control (no acupuncture needles and no electrostimulation) and ea experiments, before and after iv injection of naloxone. Using each animal as its own control, each ea experiment was classified as inducing either good or poor anagelsia on the basis of whole-body pt values. Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive β-endorphin (βE) and prolactin were quantified in sequential plasma samples collected at 9-minute intervals throughout all experiments.
Electroacupuncture at each locus increased (P < 0.01) pt (ie, caused cutaneous analgesia) in 6 of 7 body areas, and increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of immunoreactive βE and prolactin. In ea experiments in which good analgesia was induced, plasma βE was increased more (P < 0.05) than in ea experiments in which poor analgesia was induced. This difference was more evident for the Yao Pang locus. Generally, plasma prolactin concentrations were increased more with good analgesia than with poor analgesia for the Yao Pang locus. Electroacupuncture stimulation of the San Yang Lu locus was associated with higher plasma βE concentrations than that associated with the Yao Pang locus. Increases in plasma prolactin concentrations were comparable between loci. Intravenous injection of naloxone (1.1 mg/kg of body weight) generally decreased the increased pt that had resulted from ea of the Yao Pang locus, whereas naloxone did not have a consistent effect on the increased pt resulting from ea of the San Yang Lu locus. In control experiments, naloxone briefly increased plasma βE concentrations. In ea experiments in which good analgesia was induced, naloxone decreased plasma prolactin concentrations. Because ea-induced increases in plasma βE and prolactin concentration correlated with the amount of ea-induced analgesia, βE and prolactin in plasma can be considered indices of analgesia, but their putative function in the mechanisms of endogenous pain inhibition remains equivocal.
Familial nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in Poodles
Authors: Randolph J. F. , Center S. A. , Kallfelz F. A. , Blue J. T. , Dodds W. J. , Harvey J. W. , Paglia D. E. , Walsh K. M. , Shelly S. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, characterized by marked reticulocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, hemosiderosis of reticuloendothelial organs and bone marrow myelofibrosis, and osteosclerosis, was diagnosed in 5 related Poodles. The unremitting anemia was clinically evident by 1 year of age, and was fatal as early as 3 years of age. Despite intense diagnostic endeavors including rbc fragility studies, rbc enzyme assays, and hemoglobin electrophoresis, the cause of this nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia remains to be determined.
Serodiagnosis of inapparent caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep, using the synergistic hemolysis-inhibition test
Authors: Brown Corrie C. , Olander Harvey J. , Zometa Carlos , Alves Selmo F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The synergistic hemolysis-inhibition (shi) test, a serologic test for the detection of infection with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, was applied to serum samples from 196 goats and 76 sheep, including animals both with and without C pseudotuberculosis abscesses. Fifty-one of 52 (98%) goats and 27 of 28 (96%) sheep with abscesses caused by C pseudotuberculosis had seropositive titers. Seropositivity continued on subsequent samplings, even after superficial lesions were completely healed. The shi test may detect subclinically infected animals, as well as animals with clinically recognizable lesions. Of the animals without abscesses, 53 of 186 (28%) goats and 4 of 41 (10%) sheep were seropositive. Either the shi test is lacking in specificity or these titers are a reflection of a past or a current infection without any grossly visible abscesses.
Production and preliminary characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a protozoan parasite of fish
Authors: Dickerson H. W. , Evans D. L. , Gratzek J. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An initial panel of 34 hybridomas, each secreting antibodies reactive with an infective theront stage of an Ichthyophthirius multifiliis isolate, was produced. Three of these cell lines, each producing immunoglobulin M class antibodies, were cloned by limiting dilution and were expanded as ascites-producing tumors in syngeneic mice. Three monoclonal antibodies (mab) reacted with intact whole theronts in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to dilutions of 1:10,000 in ascitic fluids and had a similar pattern of surface and cytoplasmic staining in indirect immunofluorescent tests. Only antigen specified by mab E6 could be characterized by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting; initial data indicated a molecular weight of 200,000. Physicochemical properties of the determinants recognized by the 3 mab were tested by pronase digestion and periodate oxidation. Seemingly, a protein, glycoprotein, and carbohydrate were recognized by mab E6, FE10, and AC8, respectively.
Bovine leukocytes in mammary secretions during involution: Surface protein changes
Authors: Hurley Walter L. , Finkelstein Eve 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Changes in surface proteins of leukocytes in bovine mammary secretions were examined during mammary involution. Leukocytes were collected from mammary secretions from involution days (id) 1 to 36 and were labeled with biotin. Labeled proteins were separated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose by protein blotting, and detected with avidinperoxidase and color reagent. The population of leukocytes in mammary secretions changed during involution from predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) at id 1 to predominantly mononuclear leukocytes by id 36. The gel profile of surface proteins also changed during involution, and some of those changes may have been caused by shifts in leukocyte populations. Profiles of surface proteins of leukocytes from mammary secretions containing predominantly pmn (id 1) were different from profiles of pmn from blood. A distinctive change in the pattern of surface proteins on the leukocytes occurred between id 1 and 3, even though the proportion of pmn did not change appreciably between those days.
Induced atrophic rhinitis in rats
Authors: Kimman T. G. , Kamp E. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Infections with Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida were inducted in newborn specific-pathogen-free rats. Turbinate atrophy was quantified by measuring the length of the osseous core of the ventral turbinates. Bordetella bronchiseptica readily colonized the nasal cavity. Inoculated rats developed serum agglutinating antibodies to B bronchiseptica. Turbinate atrophy, correlating with a severe inflammatory reaction, was observed after dual inoculation with B bronchiseptica or after a single inoculation when the inoculum contained relatively large numbers of B bronchiseptica. Pasteurella multocida only rarely colonized the nasal cavity, even after prior instillation of weak acetic acid solution or B bronchiseptica.
Prevalence of K88, K99, and 987P pili of Escherichia coli in neonatal pigs with enteric colibacillosis
Authors: Evans M. G. , Waxler G. L. , Newman J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One hundred nineteen live neonatal pigs with diarrhea ≤ 2 weeks old were euthanatized, and frozen sections of their ilea were submitted to an indirect fluorescent antibody technique to identify K88, K99, and 987P pili (also referred to as F-4, F-5, and F-6 pili, respectively) in Escherichia coli. Ten-centimeter ileal sections were used to determine numbers of lactose-fermenting bacteria.
Of 52 pigs in which E coli pili were found, 14 had K88 (27%), 23 had K99 (44%), 13 had 987P (25%), and 2 had K88 and K99 simultaneously (4%). Numbers of lactose-fermenting bacteria were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher in pigs with piliated E coli than in pigs without piliated E coli.
Results of this study indicated that piliated E coli are a major cause of enteric disease in neonatal swine in Michigan, and that in pigs ≤ 2 weeks of age, K99 was the most frequently encountered pilus antigen.
Trigeminal nerve-evoked potentials in the dog
Authors: Whalen L. R. , Spurgeon T. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Brain stem and cerebrocortical potentials were evoked by electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve of dogs and recorded through needle electrodes placed adjacent to the contralateral parietal bone. Five individual, short latency peaks were recorded in each averaged trigeminal nerve-evoked potential and were identified as I, II (A and B), III (A and B), pi (a, b, and c), and ni. Mean peak latencies ± 1 sd were as follows: I = 0.9 ± 0.1 ms, IIA = 1.7 ± 0.1 ms, IIB = 2.5 ± 0.1 ms, IIIA = 3.6 ± 0.15 ms, IIIB = 4.1 ± 0.2 ms, pia = 5.2 ± 0.15 ms, pib = 6.4 ± 0.2 ms, pic = 7.3 ± 0.3 ms, and ni = 11.0 ± 0.6 ms.
Trigeminal nerve-evoked potentials recorded through needle electrodes were essentially the same as potentials evoked by direct stimulation of the infraorbital nerve and recorded directly from the dura mater overlying the contralateral rostral suprasylvian gyrus. The specificity of the stimulating site was verified by recording before and after the infraorbital nerve was cut proximal to the stimulating site.
Response to isoantigens and mitogens in the cat: Effects of cyclosporin A
Authors: Gregory C. R. , Taylor N. J. , Willits N. H. , Theilen G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Growing interest in the use of domesticated cats to study immune-mediated disease and in the research and clinical application of organ and tissue transplantation provided the need for in vitro assays estimating histocompatibility and cell-mediated immunity. In the present study, a whole-blood lymphocyte-stimulation microassay and mixed lymphocyte-response assay were adapted and used to measure significant responses from feline lymphocytes to mitogen and lymphocyte-defined histocompatibility antigens. The addition of cyclosporin A to whole-blood lymphocyte-stimulation microassay and mixed lymphocyte-response assay produced similar non-cytotoxic decrease in lymphocyte responses seen in other species.