bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue culture‐based breast cancer biomarker discovery platform
Authors: Kulasingam Vathany , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCurrent cancer biomarkers suffer from low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and have not yet made a major impact on reducing cancer burden. Proteomic methods based on mass spectrometry have matured significantly over the past few years and hold promise to deliver candidate markers for diagnosis, prognosis or monitoring therapeutic response. Because of the complex nature of biological fluids such as plasma, biomarker discovery efforts using proteomics have not as yet delivered any novel tumor markers. Recently, there has been a rise in the number of publications utilizing a cell culture‐based model of cancer to identify novel candidate tumor markers. The secretome of cancer cell lines constitutes an important class of proteins that can act locally and systemically in the body. Secreted proteins, in addition to serving as serological markers, play a central role in physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we focus on the proteomics of breast cancer and the different strategies to mine for biomarkers, with particular emphasis on a cell culture‐based model developed in our laboratory. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential subcellular localisation of the tumour suppressor protein LIMD1 in breast cancer correlates with patient survival
Authors: Spendlove Ian , Al‐Attar Ahmad , Watherstone Oliver , Webb Thomas M. , Ellis Ian O. , Longmore Gregory D. , Sharp Tyson V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe tumour suppressor gene (TSG) LIM domain containing protein 1 (LIMD1) has been associated with transformation of epithelial cells of the lung and its expression is downregulated in all lung tumour samples tested compared to normal lung matched controls. In the first study of its kind we used an anti‐LIMD1 specific monoclonal antibody to investigate expression/localisation of the LIMD1 protein in a well‐characterised tissue microarray of breast cancers and normal adjacent epithelia. Comparison of tumour with adjacent normal and distant normal tissue demonstrated that LIMD1 expression is moderate to high compared to tumour. There was also a significant correlation with histological grade (p = 0.0001), tumour size (p = 0.013) and tumour type (p = 0.004) indicating an association with aggressive disease. Cytoplasmic LIMD1 expression was seen in 99.3% of cases, with 43.1% showing both nuclear and cytoplasmic localisation. Absence/loss of nuclear staining showed a strong correlation with patient survival and was indicative of poor prognosis (p = 0.033). There was no association with lymph node status and other clinicopathological parameters. Nuclear staining was more pronounced in better prognosis tumours and normal tissue. This study demonstrates that LIMD1 represents a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer. Combined with the fact that LIMD1 expression is downregulated in lung cancers this clearly indicates that LIMD1 may represent a critical TSG, the function of which is deregulated via overall loss of expression and/or relocalisation within the cell during tumour development. The possible functions of LIMD1 localisation within the nucleus and cytoplasm and its relationship to tumour prognosis are discussed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optical contrast agents and imaging systems for detection and diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Pierce Mark C. , Javier David J. , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMolecular imaging has rapidly emerged as a discipline with the potential to impact fundamental biomedical research and clinical practice. Within this field, optical imaging offers several unique capabilities, based on the ability of cells and tissues to effect quantifiable changes in the properties of visible and near‐infrared light. Beyond endogenous optical properties, the development of molecularly targeted contrast agents enables disease‐specific morphologic and biochemical processes to be labeled with unique optical signatures. Optical imaging systems can then provide real‐time visualization of pathophysiology at spatial scales from the subcellular to whole organ levels. In this article, we review fundamental techniques and recent developments in optical molecular imaging, emphasizing laboratory and clinical systems that aim to visualize the microscopic and macroscopic hallmarks of cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of nanofiber‐covered stents using electrospinning: In vitro and acute phase in vivo experiments
Authors: Kuraishi Keita , Iwata Hiroo , Nakano Shigeyuki , Kubota Shinichiro , Tonami Hiroyuki , Toda Mitsuaki , Toma Naoki , Matsushima Satoshi , Hamada Kazuhide , Ogawa Satoru , Taki Waro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThere are some technical difficulties in treating for a broad necked aneurysm and a higher incidence of recurrence. Because of these drawbacks, more innovative techniques for superior endovascular reconstructive treatment are required. We developed a novel covered stent employing electrospinning to deposit fine polyurethane (PU) fibers onto stents. An in vitro water leak test was designed and applied prior to animal testing to estimate the performance of covered stents and to determine the appropriate amount of PU fibers on a stent. Two tenths of a milligram of PU fibers proved to be sufficient to prevent water leakage. Then, the efficacy of the covered stents to that of bare stents was compared using 10 rabbits in which model aneurysms had been formed at the right common carotid artery by the elastase method. Angiographic evaluation on day 1 posttreatment (acute phase) revealed complete occlusion of the aneurysms and the patency of the parent arteries in animals treated with covered stents. At 10 days poststenting (subacute phase), the aneurysm neck was completely covered with neointimal layer as shown by scanning electron microscopic examination. The PU‐covered stent holds promise as a device for treating cerebral aneurysms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Inkjet printing of bioadhesives
Authors: Doraiswamy Anand , Dunaway Timothy M. , Wilker Jonathan J. , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOver the past century, synthetic adhesives have largely displaced their natural counterparts in medical applications. However, rising concerns over the environmental and toxicological effects of the solvents, monomers, and additives used in synthetic adhesives have recently led the scientific community to seek natural substitutes. Marine mussel adhesive protein is a formaldehyde‐free natural adhesive that demonstrates excellent adhesion to several classes of materials, including glasses, metals, metal oxides, and polymers. In this study, we have demonstrated computer aided design (CAD) patterning of various biological adhesives using piezoelectric inkjet technology. A MEMS‐based piezoelectric actuator was used to control the flow of the mussel adhesive protein solution through the ink jet nozzles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microscopy, and adhesion studies were performed to examine the chemical, structural, and functional properties of these patterns, respectively. FTIR revealed the piezoelectric inkjet technology technique to be nondestructive. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the extent of chelation caused by Fe(III). The adhesive strength in these materials was correlated with the extent of chelation by Fe(III). Piezoelectric inkjet printing of naturally‐derived biological adhesives may overcome several problems associated with conventional tissue bonding materials. This technique may significantly improve wound repair in next generation eye repair, fracture fixation, wound closure, and drug delivery devices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Response of HEK293 and CHO cells overexpressing fusiogenic syncytin‐1 to mitochondrion‐mediated apoptosis induced by antimycin A
Authors: Knerr Ina , Söder Stephan , Licha Elke , Aigner Thomas , Rascher Wolfgang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractApoptosis is essential for the regulation of cellular homeostasis in the placenta and is also involved in the pathophysiology of pregnancy‐related diseases such as pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Syncytin‐1, a fusiogenic glycoprotein of endogenous‐retroviral origin expressed in human trophoblasts, facilitates placental syncytium formation and is found reduced in pre‐eclamptic placentas. We focus here on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and investigate whether the overexpression of syncytin‐1 in HEK293‐52 (human embryonic kidney cells) and CHO‐52 cells influences the apoptotic response to the mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A (AA). After the induction of apoptosis by 5 µM AA and incubation for up to 36 h in the absence of serum, the mean apoptotic rate was reduced by 15–30% in syncytin‐1 transfected cells compared with mock‐transfectants. After 12 h of challenge with AA we found lower cytochrome c levels in the cytoplasmic protein fraction and higher amounts in the mitochondrial fraction in syncytin‐1 transfectants compared with mock‐transfectants. We observed a decreased Mitotracker Red staining of mitochondria following AA challenge for 24 h in mock‐treated CHO cells, in particular, compared with syncytin‐1 transfectants. Moreover, we found a reduced activation of caspase 9 in syncytin‐1 transfected HEK293‐52 cells after 48 h of apoptotic challenge compared to mock‐transfectants. However, a high expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐xL was found in both cell types. Using syncytin‐1 transfected HEK293‐52 cells and CHO‐52 cells, we provide initial evidence that syncytin‐1 may exert its anti‐apoptotic function at the mitochondrial level. A reduced release of cytochrome c followed by a diminished activation of caspase 9 is a possible mechanism. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 766–775, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of hexyl laurate in a packed‐bed reactor: optimization of the reaction conditions in a solvent‐free system
Authors: Ju Hen‐Yi , Yang Cheng‐Kang , Yen Yue‐Horng , Shieh Chwen‐Jen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hexyl laurate has been applied widely in cosmetic industries and is synthesized by chemical methods with problems of cost, environmental pollution, and by‐products. In this study, Lipozyme® IM77 (from Rhizomucor miehei) was used to catalyze the direct‐esterification of hexanol and lauric acid in a solvent‐free system by utilizing a continuous packed‐bed reactor, wherein the aforementioned difficulties could be overcome. Response surface methodology (RSM) and three‐level‐three‐factor Box‐Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters, such as reaction temperature (45–65 °C), mixture flow rate (0.25–0.75 mL min−1) and concentration of lauric acid (100–300 mmol L−1) on the production rate (µmol min−1) of hexyl laurate by direct esterification.RESULTS: The production rate was affected significantly by the mixture flow rate and lauric acid concentration. On the basis of ridge‐max analysis, the optimum synthesis conditions for hexyl laurate were as follows: 81.58 ± 1.76 µmol min−1 at 55 °C, 0.5 mL min−1 flow rate and 0.3 mol L−1 lauric acid.CONCLUSION: The lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of hexyl laurate by Lipozyme® IM‐77 in a continuous packed‐bed bioreactor and solvent‐free system was successfully developed; optimization of the reaction parameters was obtained by Box–Behnken design and RSM. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Reuterin production by Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL B‐14171 immobilized in alginate
Authors: Zamudio‐Jaramillo Miguel A. , Hernandez‐Mendoza Adrian , Robles Victor J. , Mendoza‐Garcia Patricia G. , Espinosa‐de‐los‐Monteros José Joel , Garcia Hugo S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lactobacillus reuteri NRRL B‐14171 was immobilized in spherical calcium alginate beads to study reuterin production.RESULTS: In relation to free cells (82 mmol L−1), the immobilized cells showed a sharp increase in reaction rate and achieved similar conversions with a reduction in the required biomass. Tests for mass transfer limitations on the reaction rate indicated that neither intraparticle nor external constraints were present. Effectiveness factors near 1 were estimated.CONCLUSION: Immobilization induced increased production of reuterin in Lactobacillus reuteri and is a feasible option for increasing process productivity. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological removal of 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) in an aerated nitrifying fixed bed reactor during ammonium starvation
Authors: Forrez Ilse , Carballa Marta , Boon Nico , Verstraete Willy 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) tend to partially remove recalcitrant chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals. Among these, the synthetic estrogen 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2) is of great environmental concern. In this work a continuously aerated submerged fixed bed bioreactor was used for the biological removal of EE2 at µg L−1 levels.RESULTS: Removal efficiencies higher than 96% were obtained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4.3 days and a volumetric loading rate (Bv) of 11 µg EE2 L−1 d−1. Increasing the Bv up to 40 and 143 µg EE2 L−1 d−1 led to slightly lower removal efficiencies, 81 and 74%, respectively. Nitrification was confirmed to be the main biological mechanism involved in EE2 removal. Most interestingly, the elimination of EE2 was not affected by the absence of ammonium in the feed, suggesting that ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were able to maintain their population density and their activity, even after several months of starvation.CONCLUSION: The concept of an aerated submerged fixed bed bioreactor, capable of removing estrogens in a sustainable and biological way, shows great potential as an effluent polishing step for existing WWTPs. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface modification of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves for the adsorption of copper ions: kinetic, thermodynamic and binding mechanisms
Authors: Ngah Wan Saime Wan , Hanafiah Megat Ahmad Kamal Megat 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: This research describes the adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions following the modification of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) leaves with formaldehyde solution. The main objectives of this research were to identify the binding mechanisms of copper ions on the chemically modified rubber leaves by spectroscopic techniques and to investigate the effects of several important physicochemical parameters such as pH, copper concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature on copper removal.RESULTS: Based on a kinetic study, the pseudo‐second‐order model was found to fit the experimental results well, while the Boyd kinetic model indicated that the rate‐determining step was due to film diffusion. Adsorption isotherms were modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations, with the former providing a better fit for the data. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Cu(II) ions at 300, 310 and 320 K were 8.36, 8.61 and 8.71 mg g−1, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy changes (ΔS°) were calculated. The adsorption process was spontaneous as the values of ΔG° were negative, and endothermic as higher adsorption capacities were recorded at higher temperatures. More than 80% of copper ions bound on the adsorbent were able to be desorbed using 0.02 mol L−1 HCl, HNO3 and EDTA solutions. Besides ion exchange, surface complexation could also play a major role in copper binding.CONCLUSION: Due to its relative abundance and satisfactory adsorption capacity, the modified rubber leaves can be considered as a good low‐cost adsorbent for removing copper ions from dilute aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbial biomass in arable soils of Germany during the growth period of annual crops
Authors: Nieder Rolf , Harden Torsten , Martens Rainer , Kumar Benbi Dinesh 
Published: August 2008

AbstractResults from several field studies involving numerous measurements were used to describe the change of soil microbial biomass C (Cmic) and N (Nmic) during the growth period of annual crops (years 1988–1992, 1994, 1995) under the temperate climatic conditions of central Europe. The data were taken from our own investigations as well as from the literature. Only studies with at least eight measurements on one plot during the growth period were used. The total number of farms (cash crop–production farms) was 7, that of experimental plots was 15. The evaluation of these results through regression analysis demonstrated that Cmic and Nmic from the beginning of a year increased only slightly until summer and subsequently decreased until autumn to their initial levels. This increase on an average corresponded to a C assimilation of approx. 100 kg ha–1 and an N immobilization of approx. 20 kg ha–1 (30 cm)–1. The increase in Nmic alone could not explain N immobilization rates frequently observed in different studies using 15N‐labeled fertilizers. Most of the labeled N that was immobilized (>50 kg N ha–1) might have accumulated in the matrix of soil organic matter (SOM). Therefore, the changes in microbial biomass may be of less importance for changes in soil N storage as frequently assumed.
Dendronized Polymers via Macromonomer Route in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Costa Liborio Ivano , Kasëmi Edis , Storti Giuseppe , Morbidelli Massimo , Walde Peter , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRadical polymerizations from third to fifth generation macromonomers were conducted in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). It was found that all monomers were not soluble in such a medium, and reactions occurred in the CO2‐swollen monomer matrices. Despite the expected severe diffusion limitations, very high conversions and molecular weights were obtained. It is believed that the plasticization effect induced by the CO2 plays a key role in these surprising findings. Scanning force microscopical analyses confirmed that mainly linear dendronized polymers were obtained and therefore chain transfer to polymer is virtually irrelevant.magnified image
Polymer Crystallization Influenced by Initial Orientation of Cylindrical Diblock Copolymers in Thin Films
Authors: Yang Ping , Han Yanchun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe effect of the initial states (disordered perpendicular cylinder structure vs. parallel cylinder structure) on the crystallization of polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) thin films during cyclohexane annealing was investigated. The cylindrical domains perpendicular or parallel to the surface were obtained by controlling the film thickness. During solvent annealing, for the film with the perpendicular cylinders, the ordering degree of cylinders was increased. The enthalpic increase is large enough for the forming of square‐shaped crystals, and subsequently the square‐shaped single crystals surrounded by the ordered hexagonally packed perpendicular cylinders evolved to the dendrite ones. For the film with the parallel cylinders, the parallel cylinders were translated to the perpendicular ones. The increased enthalpy was not large enough for the formation of square‐shaped single crystals. Instead, the dendrite‐like crystals started at the edge of terraces.magnified image
Salvage of amputated thumbs by temporary ectopic implantation
Authors: Li Jing , Ni Guo‐Hua , Guo Zhen , Fan Hong‐Bin , Cong Rui , Wang Zhen , Li Ming‐Quan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPurpose: To determine the indications and benefits of ectopic implantation in the salvage of amputated thumb. Basic procedures: Two cases of avulsed amputated thumbs were temporarily ectopically implanted onto the forearm and foot, with microvascular anastomoses. When the stump condition allowed, and the soft‐tissue defects were repaired, the ectopic implanted thumbs were replanted to their anatomic positions. Results: Both thumbs survived the temporary ectopic implantation and second‐stage replantation. The length of the thumbs was maintained, and the thumbs regained their function in 16‐ and 10‐week follow‐ups. Conclusions: Temporary ectopic implantation of amputated parts provides an innovative procedure for the salvage of amputated thumbs under special circumstances. Although this procedure is very demanding, it does deserve special consideration in reconstructive microsurgery, since it offers the possibility to salvage amputated thumbs with extensive soft tissue loss of the hand, by preserving the anatomy and restoring the function of severely injured hands. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Higher ordermixed finite element approximation of subsurface water flow
Authors: Bause Markus 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper focuses on the reliable and efficient numerical approximation of subsurface water flows. The locally mass conservative Brezzi‐Douglas‐Marini (BDM1) mixed finite element method is considered and compared to a lowest order Raviart–Thomas (RT0) mixed finite element approach and a Multi Point Flux Approximation. Appreciable advantage of the BDM1 element is that it yields a formally second order accurate flux approximation whereas the RT0 and MPFA approach are of first order accuracy only. The problem to be analyzed in this work is whether a superiority of the BDM1 element can also be observed in reservoir simulation where discontinuous and full permeability tensors on non‐uniform grids arise and the fluxes lack the regularity that is assumed customarily in optimal order error analyses. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear time‐series modeling and prediction using correlation analysis
Authors: Dydyński Andrzej , Arabas Jaroslaw 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present a novel way for time series prediction. The method is based on the correlation analysis and allows for handling nonlinearities of different type and character. The presented approach results in an approximation model that combines nonlinear units taken from radial basis functions (RBF) and from multilayer perceptrons (MLP). The approach leads to a low mean error of the approximation with a number of parameters significantly smaller when compared to RBF and MLP. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Asymptotic behaviour and optimal word size for exact and approximate word matches between random sequences
Authors: Forêt Sylvain , Burden Conrad J. , Wilson Susan R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe present work is concerned with a fast and accurate sequence comparison method: the count of the number of words of length k letters shared by two sequences, also known as the D2 statistic. We link recent theoretical advances in the characterization of D2 asymptotic distributions with applications to biological sequences. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coarsening dynamics of polymer droplets for a lubrication model with large slippage
Authors: Kitavtsev G. , Recke L. , Wagner B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe analyze the final stages of the dewetting process of nanoscopic thin polymer films on hydrophobized substrates using a lubrication model that captures the large slippage at the liquid‐substrate interface. The final stages of this process are characterized by the slow‐time coarsening dynamics of the remaining droplets. For this situation we derive a reduced system of equations from the lubrication model, using singular perturbation analysis. Such reduced models allow for an efficient numerical simulation of the coarsening process. The reduced model extends results of [2] for no‐slip lubrication model. Apart from collapse and collision, we identify here some new coarsening dynamics. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)