bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restless Legs Syndrome: Prevalence and Impact in Children and Adolescents—The Peds REST Study
Authors: Picchietti Daniel , Allen Richard P. , Walters Arthur S. , Davidson Julie E. , Myers Andrew , Ferini-Strambi Luigi 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. Restless legs syndrome, a common neurologic sleep disorder, occurs in 5% to 10% of adults in the United States and Western Europe. Although ∼25% of adults with restless legs syndrome report onset of symptoms between the ages of 10 and 20 years, there is very little literature looking directly at the prevalence in children and adolescents. In this first population-based study to use specific pediatric diagnostic criteria, we examined the prevalence and impact of restless legs syndrome in 2 age groups: 8 to 11 and 12 to 17 years.
METHODS. Initially blinded to survey topic, families were recruited from a large, volunteer research panel in the United Kingdom and United States. Administration was via the Internet, and results were stratified by age and gender. National Institutes of Health pediatric restless legs syndrome diagnostic criteria (2003) were used, and questions were specifically constructed to exclude positional discomfort, leg cramps, arthralgias, and sore muscles being counted as restless legs syndrome.
RESULTS. Data were collected from 10523 families. Criteria for definite restless legs syndrome were met by 1.9% of 8- to 11-year-olds and 2.0% of 12- to 17-year-olds. Moderately or severely distressing restless legs syndrome symptoms were reported to occur ≥2 times per week in 0.5% and 1.0% of children, respectively. Convincing descriptions of restless legs syndrome symptoms were provided. No significant gender differences were found. At least 1 biological parent reported having restless legs syndrome symptoms in &gt;70% of the families, with both parents affected in 16% of the families. Sleep disturbance was significantly more common in children and adolescents with restless legs syndrome than in controls (69.4% vs 39.6%), as was a history of “growing pains” (80.6% vs 63.2%). Various consequences were attributed to restless legs syndrome, including 49.5% endorsing a “negative effect on mood.” Data were also collected on comorbid conditions and restless legs diagnosis rates.
CONCLUSIONS. These population-based data suggest that restless legs syndrome is prevalent and troublesome in children and adolescents, occurring more commonly than epilepsy or diabetes.
Surfactant Function and Composition in Premature Infants Treated With Inhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Ballard Philip L. , Merrill Jeffrey D. , Truog William E. , Godinez Rodolfo I. , Godinez Marye H. , McDevitt Theresa M. , Ning Yue , Golombek Sergio G. , Parton Lance A. , Luan Xianqun , Cnaan Avital , Ballard Roberta A. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. We hypothesized that inhaled nitric oxide treatment of premature infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia would not adversely affect endogenous surfactant function or composition.METHODS. As part of the Nitric Oxide Chronic Lung Disease Trial of inhaled nitric oxide, we examined surfactant in a subpopulation of enrolled infants. Tracheal aspirate fluid was collected at specified intervals from 99 infants with birth weights &lt;1250 g who received inhaled nitric oxide (20 ppm, weaned to 2 ppm) or placebo gas for 24 days. Large-aggregate surfactant was analyzed for surface activity with a pulsating bubble surfactometer and for surfactant protein contents with an immunoassay.RESULTS. At baseline, before administration of study gas, surfactant function and composition were comparable in the 2 groups, and there was a positive correlation between minimum surface tension and severity of lung disease for all infants. Over the first 4 days of treatment, minimum surface tension increased in placebo-treated infants and decreased in inhaled nitric oxide–treated infants. There were no significant differences between groups in recovery of large-aggregate surfactant or contents of surfactant protein A, surfactant protein B, surfactant protein C, or total protein, normalized to phospholipid.CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that inhaled nitric oxide treatment for premature infants at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia does not alter surfactant recovery or protein composition and may improve surfactant function transiently.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Bedside Versus Conference-Room Case Presentation in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Landry Marc-Antoine , Lafrenaye Sylvie , Roy Marie-Claude , Cyr Claude 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVES. Case presentation and teaching performed at the bedside are declining. Patients' preference between bedside case presentation and conference-room case presentation is divergent in the literature. Residents seem to prefer the conference room. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether there was a difference of satisfaction and comfort between bedside case presentation and conference-room case presentation for the parents of patients hospitalized in the PICU and for the residents in training in the PICU.
METHODS. Every child hospitalized in the PICU who had 2 consecutive morning rounds, performed in the presence of the same resident, attending pediatrician, and parent, was eligible for the study. The study began with the first patient's case presentation after admission in the PICU. Randomization was on the first case presentation: bedside or conference room. On the second day, the other type of case presentation was performed. After each round, the parents and the resident filled out a questionnaire.
RESULTS. Twenty-seven parents of 22 patients answered both questionnaires, and 21 questionnaires were answered by residents. Parents' satisfaction was significantly higher during bedside case presentation (96 vs 92, answers reported on a 100-mm linear scale), they preferred bedside case presentation (95 vs 15), and they were more comfortable attending bedside teaching (89 vs 19). There was no difference in the residents' satisfaction nor in their comfort giving the actual case presentation. Residents, on the other hand, were significantly more comfortable asking questions (84 vs 69) and being asked questions (85 vs 67) during conference-room case presentation. A total of 81% of the parents wished that the next case presentation would take place at the bedside.
CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a clinical case presentation performed at the bedside in the PICU context that seems to satisfy parents without causing too much discomfort to residents. Thus, bedside case presentation could be a very good teaching strategy in university hospitals.
Pediatric Encephalitis: What Is the Role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?
Authors: Christie Laura J. , Honarmand Somayeh , Talkington Deborah F. , Gavali Shilpa S. , Preas Chris , Pan Chao-Yang , Yagi Shigeo , Glaser Carol A. 
Published: August 2007

BACKGROUND. Encephalitis is a complex, debilitating, and sometimes fatal neurologic condition to which children are especially prone. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a common respiratory pathogen, has been implicated as an etiology of encephalitis. Evidence for recent or acute M pneumoniae infection has been demonstrated in limited studies of both pediatric and adult patients with encephalitis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Unexplained encephalitis cases are referred to the California Encephalitis Project for diagnostic testing. Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and respiratory specimens are tested by polymerase chain reaction and serology methods for the presence of multiple pathogens, including M pneumoniae. M pneumonia–associated cases of encephalitis were compared with other bacterial agents, herpes simplex virus 1, and enterovirus.
RESULTS. Of 1988 patients referred to the California Encephalitis Project, evidence of acute M pneumoniae infection was found in 111 patients, of which 84 (76%) were pediatric patients. Eighty percent of the 84 patients were positive for M pneumoniae by serology alone. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction for M pneumoniae was rarely positive (2%). Patients with M pneumoniae–associated pediatric encephalitis were a median of 11 years old, progressed rapidly (median: 2 days from onset to hospitalization), and were often in the ICU (55%). Symptoms included fever (70%), lethargy (68%), and altered consciousness (58%). Gastrointestinal (45%) and respiratory (44%) symptoms were less common. Compared with patients with other bacterial as well as viral agents, patients with M pneumoniae–associated encephalitis had fewer seizures and less-severe hospital courses.
CONCLUSIONS. M pneumoniae is the most common agent implicated in the California Encephalitis Project. Patients with M pneumoniae–associated encephalitis are predominantly pediatric, and their presentations are clinically similar to enterovirus encephalitis, although they frequently require intensive care with prolonged hospitalizations. Given that M pneumoniae infection is found more than any other pathogen, increased emphasis should be placed on elucidating the role and mechanism of M pneumoniae in encephalitis.
A Systematic Review of Stress and Psychological Factors as Possible Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease
Authors: Peruzzo Daiane C. , Benatti Bruno B. , Ambrosano Glaucia M.B. , Nogueira‐Filho Getúlio R. , Sallum Enilson A. , Casati Márcio Z. , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Clinical observations and epidemiologic studies suggest that some negative life events and psychological factors may contribute to an increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the evidence from case‐control studies, cross‐sectional studies, and prospective clinical trials reporting on the influence of stress and psychological factors on periodontal disease. The focused question addressed in this systematic review was whether the scientific evidence is enough to consider stress and psychological factors as risk factors for periodontal disease.Methods: A literature search was conducted using two databases (MEDLINE and the Cochrane Oral Health Group specialist trials register) in addition to searching reference lists of original and review articles. The search strategy used was the combination of the terms: “stress,” “periodontal disease,” and “psychosocial disorders.” Studies were selected if they were published in dental journals between January 1, 1990 and April 1, 2006; only human studies and studies with adults and middle‐aged subjects were included. Suitable variables included control for the potential effect of confounding factors, adequate criteria to define periodontal disease, adequate criteria for establishing stress, and methodologic quality. Only English‐language articles were considered, and unpublished data were not sought. Two reviewers independently extracted information regarding quality and study characteristics in duplicate. The studies were assessed regarding their methodologic characteristics, statistical analysis, characteristics of the periodontal outcome measures, and psychological measurements.Results: Of the 58 articles identified in the search, 10 were excluded because they were reviews and 34 did not comply with the selection criteria. Fourteen articles (seven case‐control studies, six cross‐sectional studies, and one prospective clinical trial) were included in the analysis; their quality and main study characteristics were assessed according to the criteria preestablished in the protocol of the study. With regard to the results of the studies, 57.1% found a positive outcome between psychosocial factors/stress and periodontal disease, 28.5% observed a positive outcome for some characteristics and a negative outcome for others, and 14.2% found a negative outcome.Conclusions: Within the limitations of this systematic review, the majority of studies showed a positive relationship between stress/psychological factors and periodontal disease. However, in the future, well‐designed and more representative studies should be considered to confirm these factors as a risk for periodontal disease.
Predictive Values of Self‐Reported Periodontal Need: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III
Authors: Fisher Monica A. , Taylor George W. , Shelton Brent J. , Debanne Sara M. 
Published: August 2007

Background: This study assessed predictive values of self‐reported periodontal need to identify periodontal conditions using clinical examinations as the gold standard.Methods: We identified 12,370 adults ≥18 years of age in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self‐reported periodontal need was based on participants responding that gum treatment and/or cleaning was needed when asked: “What type of dental care do you need now?” Two periodontal conditions were at least two sites with pockets (pockets ≥3 mm or pockets ≥4 mm) and at least two sites with calculus. Main outcomes were: 1) positive predictive value (PPVClean): proportion of those who self‐reported the need for cleaning who had calculus; and PPVGum: proportion who self‐reported the need for gum treatment who had pockets; 2) negative predictive value (NPVClean): proportion of those who self‐reported no need for cleaning who did not have calculus; and NPVGum: proportion who self‐reported no need for gum treatment who did not have pockets; 3) association between predictive values and sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; and 4) proportion of individuals with specific sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics whose self‐reported periodontal need predicted periodontal conditions.Results: The prevalence of periodontal conditions influenced predictive values. Calculus prevalence = 85%: corresponding PPVClean = 88% and NPVClean = 16%. Prevalence of pockets ≥3 mm = 47%: corresponding PPVGum = 62% and NPVGum = 54%. Prevalence of pockets ≥4 mm = 11%: corresponding PPVGum = 25% and NPVGum = 90%. Ninety percent of 30‐ to 44‐year‐old minority female smokers who did not visit the dentist in the past year and reported the need for gum treatment had pockets ≥3 mm (PPVGum = 90%).Conclusions: Self‐reported periodontal need (cleaning/gum treatment) predicted the presence of the prevalent conditions (calculus/pockets ≥3 mm). Not reporting a need for periodontal treatment predicted the absence of the less common condition (pockets ≥4 mm) but not the more prevalent condition (calculus).
Mandibular Disto‐Lingual Root: A Consideration in Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Huang Ren‐Yeong , Lin Chiao‐Dih , Lee Meei‐Shyuan , Yeh Ching‐Lin , Shen E‐Chin , Chiang Cheng‐Yang , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Fu Earl 
Published: August 2007

Background: Developmental and morphological abnormalities may contribute to the progression of localized periodontal disease. Although the presence of a disto‐lingual root in the mandibular first molar is rare, its role in periodontal destruction has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of this root contributes to localized periodontal destruction.Methods: The presence of the disto‐lingual root was identified by examination of two periapical radiographs in each of 197 Taiwanese patients with 332 mandibular first molars. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of the root and probing depth, gingival recession, and periodontal attachment loss at the disto‐buccal and disto‐lingual sites of the molars. The adjusted variables included patient characteristics (age, gender, diagnosis, and general periodontal conditions), tooth (right and left location, tooth mobility, and periodontal category of the molar), and site (bleeding on probing and adjacent furcation involvement).Results: A disto‐lingual root was present in 26.9% of patients and in 21.7% of molars examined. A significant interaction between periodontal category and the presence of disto‐lingual root on probing depth and attachment loss at disto‐lingual but not disto‐buccal sites was observed. Multivariable regression analysis showed a significantly higher probing depth and attachment loss at the disto‐lingual site in molars with the disto‐lingual root than in molars without the root in teeth classified as having advanced periodontitis.Conclusions: Greater probing depth and attachment loss occurred at disto‐lingual sites of molars with the roots. The presence of a disto‐lingual root may contribute to localized periodontal destruction.
Connective Tissue Graft Used as a Biologic Barrier to Cover an Immediate Implant
Authors: Covani Ugo , Marconcini Simone , Galassini Giovanni , Cornelini Roberto , Santini Stefano , Barone Antonio 
Published: August 2007

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of placing implants in fresh extraction sites with simultaneous connective tissue grafting. The teeth selected for this treatment showed gingival recession and/or absence of attached gingiva.Methods: Ten patients (five men and five women), 42 to 55 years of age, were included in the study. After initial examination and treatment planning, all of the patients selected for the study underwent periodontal treatment that was deemed necessary to favor wound healing. Subsequently, the teeth were extracted, and implants were placed without reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap. Immediately after implantation, a connective tissue graft was placed over the implants to treat the gingival recession. The second stage of surgery was performed 6 months after the initial procedure. The following clinical parameters were evaluated for each patient at 6 and 12 months after implant placement and connective tissue grafting: probing depth, probing attachment level, and mobility. Radiographs were taken using a standardized method to evaluate the marginal bone loss. Esthetic outcomes were evaluated using the measurements before implant placement and 12 months after surgery: width of the keratinized mucosa, emergence profile of the crown, and patient satisfaction.Results: The healing period was uneventful for all patients. All of the implants had osseointegrated. At the end of the 12‐month follow‐up, the patients were asymptomatic, and the implant sites showed no signs of infection or bleeding when probed. The parameters used to estimate the esthetic outcomes showed an improvement.Conclusions: Implant placement immediately after tooth extraction with simultaneous connective tissue graft was considered a successful procedure. Moreover, the surgical approach used in this study can be considered a treatment option in cases with non‐salvageable teeth showing gingival recession and the absence of attached gingiva.
Effect of Supragingival Plaque Control in Smokers and Never‐Smokers: 6‐Month Evaluation of Patients With Periodontitis
Authors: Gomes Sabrina Carvalho , Piccinin Flávia Benetti , Susin Cristiano , Oppermann Rui Vicente , Marcantonio Rosemary Adriana Chiérici 
Published: August 2007

Background: The effect of supragingival plaque control on clinical signs of periodontitis is controversial, particularly when smoking habits are considered. This study evaluated the clinical effects of supragingival plaque control on clinical signs of periodontitis in smokers and never‐smokers.Methods: The following data were collected for 25 never‐smokers and 25 smokers at baseline and 30, 90, and 180 days: visible plaque index (VPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). After baseline examinations, supragingival scaling was performed. Oral hygiene practices were reinforced and reevaluated weekly during the experimental period. Linear models adjusted for clustering of observations within individuals were used for statistical analysis.Results: Reductions in VPI were significant for both groups, with no intergroup differences. GBI at baseline was similar between groups, and at 30, 90, and 180 days, smokers had a lower GBI than never‐smokers. Significant reductions were observed in PD for shallow (1 to 3 mm), moderate (4 to 5 mm), and deep sites (≥6 mm) in both groups. CAL was significantly greater in smokers throughout the study, but gains in attachment were similar for both groups (0.71 to 1.00 mm). BOP reductions were similar in both groups.Conclusions: Supragingival plaque control resulted in significant changes in clinical parameters associated with gingivitis and periodontitis. Smoking did not affect results, regardless of initial PD.
Total Antioxidant Capacity and Antioxidant Enzymes in Serum, Saliva, and Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Preeclamptic Women With and Without Periodontal Disease
Authors: Canakci Varol , Yildirim Abdulkadir , Canakci Cenk Fatih , Eltas Abubekir , Cicek Yasin , Canakci Humeyra 
Published: August 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and malondialdehyde levels in serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women with and without periodontal disease.Methods: Forty pregnant women, consisting of 10 preeclamptic subjects with periodontal disease, 10 preeclamptic periodontally healthy subjects, 10 normotensive subjects with periodontal disease, and 10 normotensive periodontally healthy subjects, were included in this study. After clinical measurement and samplings, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities, and malondialdehyde levels in serum, saliva, and GCF of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women were determined, and the data were tested by non‐parametric tests. Total antioxidant capacity of the clinical samples was measured using a novel automated colorimetric measurement method. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde levels were determined spectrophotometrically.Results: Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in GCF and serum and total antioxidant capacity in saliva, GCF, and serum were the lowest in preeclamptic women with periodontal disease. However, serum and GCF levels of malondialdehyde were the highest in this group of pregnant women.Conclusions: Systemic and local antioxidant and total antioxidant capacities are affected by periodontal disease in addition to the impact of preeclamptic status. Similar comments may be made for the increases in systemic and local malondialdehyde levels.
Minocycline HCl Microspheres Reduce Red‐Complex Bacteria in Periodontal Disease Therapy
Authors: Goodson J. Max , Gunsolley John C. , Grossi Sara G. , Bland Paul S. , Otomo‐Corgel Joan , Doherty Frances , Comiskey Judy 
Published: August 2007

Background: The objective of this trial was to measure the antimicrobial effects of a minocycline HCl microsphere (MM) local drug‐delivery system when used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP). DNA probe analysis for 40 bacteria was used to evaluate the oral bacteria of 127 subjects with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis.Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned to either SRP alone (N = 65) or MM + SRP (N = 62). The primary endpoints of this study were changes in numbers and proportions of the red‐complex bacteria (RCB) and the sum of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (formally T. forsythensis), and Treponema denticola relative to 40 oral bacteria at each test site from baseline to day 30. Numbers of RCB from the five test sites were averaged to provide a value for each subject.Results: MM + SRP reduced the proportion of RCB by 6.49% and the numbers by 9.4 × 105. The reduction in RCB proportions and numbers by SRP alone (5.03% and 5.1 × 105, respectively) was significantly less. In addition, MM + SRP reduced probing depth by 1.38 mm (compared to 1.01 mm by SRP alone), bleeding on probing was reduced by 25.2% (compared to 13.8% by SRP alone), and a clinical attachment level gain of 1.16 mm (compared to 0.80 mm by SRP alone) was achieved.Conclusion: These observations support the hypothesis that RCBs are responsible for periodontal disease and that local antimicrobial therapy using MM + SRP effectively reduces numbers of RCBs and their proportions to a greater extent than SRP alone.