bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐lymphocytes phenotype and functions in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Pierri Ivana , Cordone Giovanni , Piccardo Cristina , Rogna Silvia , Barabino Andrea , Indiveri Francesco 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe studied the phenotype of T‐lymphocytes isolated from 18 patients with head and neck cancer, their capacity to express Ia antigens upon activation by lectin in vitro, their capacity to function either as responder or stimulator cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, and thier capacity to cooperate with the normal adherent suppressor cells (NASC).The T‐lymphocytes isolated from these patients have several functional defects including an impaired capacity to activate allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs), a lack of a proliferative capacity in autologous MLRs, an impaired sensitivity to inhibition by NASC, and an impaired capacity to express Ia antigens upon activation by mitogens in vitro.These data indicate that, in patients with head and neck cancer, immune function is characterized by a defect in T‐lymphocytes functions which concerns the process of cell to cell cooperation.
Simultaneous manometry and electromyography in the pharyngoesophageal segment
Authors: Van Overbeek Jos J. M. , Wit Hero P. , Paping Richard H. L. , Segenhout Hans M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhether the occlusion between hypopharynx and esophagus is established by anatomical relations and tissue elasticity or by a functional resting tone of the muscle fibers is not quite clenr. This study describes simultaneous electromyography (EMG) and electromanometry in the pharyngoesophageal segment to solve this problem and investigate the complex mechanism of deglutition. To register the EMG from the hypopharyngeal constrictor muscle and the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), two copper wire electrode pairs with hooked bare ends were used. These electrodes were introduced into the muscles through a rigid esophagoscope. It is demonstrated that at rest muscle activity is present in the UES. This activity disappears during the relaxaton period. Simultaneous manometry and EMG is a valuable supplement to diagnostic procedures in dysphagia patients.
The effect of surgery on natural killer cell activity in head and neck cancer patients: In vitro reversal of a postoperatively suppressed immunosurveillance system
Authors: Schantz Stimson P. , Romsdahl Marvin M. , Babcock George F. , Nishioka Kenji , Goepfert Helmuth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurative surgery diminished natural killer (NK) cell activity in 17 patients with previously untreated squumous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (37% ± 17%, preoperatively vs. 21% ± 11%, postoperatively; p<0.001). this operatively induced suppression was dependent on the presence of a nylon wool adherent cell population. with the removal of this surgically generated suppressor population from the in vitro assay, postoperative suppression of natural killer activity was significantly diminished (21% ± 13%, vs. 30% ± 23%, p<0.01). the capability of fully restoring postoperatively suppressed nk cell activity was subsequently demonstrated by the synergistic effect of removing a nylon wool adherent suppressor population and stimulating nk cells with a naturally occurring immunopotentiator, tuftsin (from 21% ± 13% to 41% ± 23%; p <0.0001).In utilizing biological response modifiers in the perioperative period in the cancer patient, the interaction of these agents and the surgically generated suppressor cell population needs to be considered.
Malignant transformation in non‐irradiated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Solomon Diane , Smith Robert R. L. , Kashima Haskins K. , Leventhal Brigid G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe clinical, radiogrnphic and post mortem findings occurring in a 6‐year‐old female with a four‐year history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) are described. At autopsy, there were two separate foci of malignant transformation (malignant degeneration) in the bronchioloalveolar papillomata. This patient is the youngest in whom such changes have been described. Malignant transformation is a rare ocurrence and is usually seen in older patients with longstanding papillomatosis, therapeutic irradiation, or a history of smoking. Pulmonary spread represents the majority of cases with “spontaneous” malignant transformation.
Resection of upper aerodigestive tract tumors involving the middle cranial fossa
Authors: Close Lanny Garth , Schaefer Steven D. , Anderson Robert G. , Mickey Bruce E. , Samson Duke S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBenign and malignant neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract that invade the middle cranial fossa are frequently considered unresectable due to the proximity of the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery, and to the inaccessibility of this region via conventional surgical approaches. We report our experience using a combined, lateral intracranial and infratemporal fossa procedure for the management of these tumors in four patients. Successful removal of neoplasm associated with minimal morbidity was accomplished in 3 patients, 2 with angiofibromas and 1 with an adenoid cystic carcinoma. The postoperative course of the fourth patient was complicated by meningitis which resulted in the patient's death five months following resection of an adenocarcinoma.
Acute mastoiditis: A review of 34 patients
Authors: Rubin John S. , Wei William I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA review of 34 patients presenting with acute mastoiditis was undertaken. Prior treatment was noteworthy for lack of medical or surgical drainage at the time of initial otitis media. Typical findings, in hospital, included postauricular edema and tenderness, displaced auricle, and distorted tympanic membrane. X‐rays were not diagnostic, nor were they helpful in determining who was a surgical candidate. Treatment was individualized. Patients with obvious subperiosteal abscesses, and those who did not respond rapidly to enteric antibiotics, underwent early mastoid surgery. The remaining patients received enteric antibiotics, had drainage established, and were carefully followed. Most resolved without mastoid surgery.Patients with a history of antecedent ear disease were examined separately from those without such history. The former group required mastoid surgery more often than the latter and had poorer outcome.
Thermal biofeedback and the treatment of tinnitus
Authors: Walsh William M. , Gerley Peter P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThermal biofeedback and general relaxation procedures were employed to treat 32 patients with subjective tinnitus. Each patient received eight 1‐hour biofeedback sessions over an eight‐week period, while listening to standard Jacobsonian type relaxation tapes. Sixty‐five percent of the patients experienced a reduction of their symptoms. While none reported worsening of their symptoms, only two reported total symptom abatement. Findings suggest relaxation and peripheral vascular circulation arc inversely related to the intensity of tinnitus symptoms. The probability that an individual will benefit from biofeedback appears related to his/her ego strength (Es). No differences were noted between the performance of male and female patients. Although not fail‐safe, biofeedback and relaxation treatment are excellent management tools in the treatment of tinnitus.
Fluorescein angiography of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Applebaum Edward L. , Deutsch Elise C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLittle is known about the dynamic vasculature of the tympanic membrane, despite the fact that it is within easy view of the otolaryngologist. An understanding of its blood supply dynamics may lead to a better understanding of the tympanic membrane's physiological properties and response to surgery. Also, certain patterns of blood flow may correlate with disease entities and be of diagnostic value. Currently, we have done 30 fluorescein angiograms of the tympanic membrane. The fluorescein angiograms from a normal ear and from ears with several types of ear pathology are described.
Endolymphatic sac surgery for meniere's disease: A composite study of 339 cases
Authors: Huang Tsun‐Sheng , Lin Ching‐Chen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper analyzes 339 consecutively performed endolymphalic mastoid sac shunts. Regardless of the method used, vertigo was controlled and hearing either improved or stabilized in approximately 70% of the cases. Overall, vertigo was controlled in approximately 80% of the cases. Similar results were obtained in cases of Meniere's syndrome and vestibular Meniere's disease.It is suggested here that, regardless of the method employed, there remains a high likelihood that the symptoms will recur, and the question is raised as to whether sac surgery may merely induce a temporary remission of the disease process. Consequently, it is hereby proposed that there is a need to devise a method to permanently drain the endolymph in order to more effectively control the disease on a permanent basis. Until this is achieved, however, sac surgery would appear to be the most appropriate surgical treatment for Meniere's disease.
Perilymph fistula: The iowa experience
Authors: Seltzer Sharon , Mccabe Brian F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNinety‐one patients with demonstrable perilymph fistulas presented with an amazing array of signs and symptoms ranging from unilateral tinnitus and aural fullness to sudden‐and‐profound hearing loss, roaring tinnitus, and whirling vertigo. Between 1977 and 1984, 214 exploratory tympanotomies for suspected perilymph fistula (PLF) were performed on 177 patients. One hundred six primary (initial) fistulas were found in 95 ears and 26 recurrent fistulas were identified. Eighty‐two percent of the 91 patients with PLF had auditory symptoms, 8% with auditory symptoms as the sole complaint. Eighty‐one percent of the patients had vestibular symptoms, 12% with vestibular symptoms alone. The type of hearing loss and the nature of the vestibular symptoms were widely variable. Of the 58 patients with preoperative auditory symptoms, 49% had improved hearing (23% improved to serviceable range), after closure of PLFs. Ninety‐five percent of the patients who presented with vestibular symptoms had elimination of or decrease in their dizziness to the extent that it no longer interfered with their daily activities. The highest incidence of recurrent fistula was associated with grafts using fatty tissue. Patients with Mondini deformity were at particularly high risk for fistula recurrence.
Skull base lesions: a classification and surgical approaches
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Valvassori Galdino , Mafee Mahmood , Jafar Jafar 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn anatomic classification of lesions affecting the skull base is proposed according to which this region can be divided into amidline compartmentand two lateral compartments: apetrotemporaland aninfratemporal.The majority of lesions studied radiographically in 56 patients were confined to one of these anatomic subdivisions. The advantages of such a classification are discussed. The surgical approaches to these compartments and to the anterior middle and posterior cranial fossae are described relative to the lesions we have encountered.
Necrotizing otitis externa occurring concurrently with epidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Mattucci Kenneth F. , Setzen Michael , Galantich Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalignant external otitis (nccrotizing otitis externa) is an infectious process which occurs most often in middle‐aged and elderly diabetic patients and is characterized by cultures positive for Pseudomonas and granulation tissue at the junction of the bony and cartilaginous portion of the external auditory canal. Epidermoid carcinoma of the external auditory canal is also seen most often in the middle‐aged and elderly population. To the best of our knowledge, no case of acute necrotizing otitis externa occurring concomitantly with epidermoid carcinoma of the external auditory canal has been documented.A case is presented and discussed here and the importance of biopsy of the external auditory canal is stressed.Theoretical considerations of the possible relationship between these two disorders are discussed.This case illustrates the need to discontinue the use of the term “malignant external otitis” and replace it with the term “necrotizing otitis externa.”
Supraorbital and supratrochlear notches and foramina: anatomical variations and surgical relevance
Authors: Webster Richard C. , Gaunt James M. , Hamdan Usama S. , Fuleihan Nabil S. , Giandello Philip R. , Smith Richard C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anatomy of the supraorbital and supratrochlear notches and foramina has been studied in 111 human skulls. Of 108 skulls, 49.07% had bilateral supraorbital notches, 25.93% had bilateral supraorbital foramina, and 25% had a notch on one side and a foramen on the other side. Of 101 skulls, 97.03% had bilateral supratrochlear notches, 0.99% had bilateral foramina, and 1.98% had a notch on one side and a foramen on the other side. The methods of study and clinical relevance are discussed, along with the varying nomenclature used in the literature for defining the supraorbital and supratrochlear structures. Knowledge of the anatomy of the region is important for those doing forehead and brow lift surgery in order to avoid injuring the neurovascular bundles passing through these notches and foramina.
Chronic cough in infants and children
Authors: Holinger Lauren D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic cough is an important, sometimes frustrating problem, often encountered by the otolaryngologist‐head and neck surgeon. Thirty‐eight infants and children under age 16 with a normal chest roentgenogram were evaluated for chronic cough persisting for longer than 4 weeks. Specific therapy (rather than symptomatic treatment) of chronic cough lead to a resolution or control of the cough in 33 (87%). Cough‐variant asthma was by far the most common cause of chronic cough, followed by sinusitis, aberrant innominate artery, psychogenic cough, and subglottic stenosis. In addition to a detailed history, physical examination, and chest roentgenogram, endoscopy, paranasal sinus roentgenograms, and pulmonary function studies with methacholine challenge testing were particularly effective for establishing a precise diagnosis.Chronic cough is best managed by determining the precise cause of the cough, then specifically treating the underlying disorder. Children with persistent cough and a normal chest roentgenogram should be referred promptly for evaluation by an otolaryngologist when the primary physician's initial efforts at diagnosis and treatment are unsuccessful. Endoscopy is under‐utilized in practice and its importance is understated in the literature. It is particularly helpful in establishing a precise diagnosis in infants under 18 months of age.
Head and neck manifestations of saecoidosis
Authors: Dash Greg I. , Kimmelman Charles P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe records of 42 consecutive patients with biopsy‐proven head and neck sarcoidosis were reviewed. A female preponderance of 7.4 to 1 was found. The average age at onset for women was higher than that for men (42 vs. 24 years). The presenting signs and symptoms were noted, and correlations between these and the incidence of abnormal chest radiograph and laboratory findings were examined. Pulmonary involvement was most common in patients with periorbital manifestations or cervical lymphadenopathy.The evaluation of patients with suspected sarcoidosis should include history and physical examination, chest radiograph, PPD and skin tests to rule out energy, serum chemistry profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and angiotensin converting enzyme level. The diagnosis is confirmed by appropriate histologic examination. Corticosteroid treatment is indicated for patients with uveitis, restrictive pulmonary disease, or other serious systemic manifestations.
Effect of adenoidectomy upon children with chronic otitis media with effusion
Authors: Gates George A. , Avery Christine A. , Prihoda Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo investigate the mechanism whereby adenoidectomy influences the subsequent course of patients with chronic otitis media with effusion, we analyzed, on the basis of adenoid size, the outcomes of 476 children randomly assigned to receive, after paracentesis and aspiration of the middle ear, either no treatment, tympanostomy tubes, adenoidectomy, or both. The two groups receiving adenoidectomy did significantly better than those who did not, and the effect was independent of adenoid size. This suggests that reduction of the adenoidal bacterial reservoir may be the mechanism whereby adenoidectomy is effective.
Otitis media, auditory sensitivity, and language outcomes at one year
Authors: Wallace Ina F. , Mccarton Cecelia M. , Bernstein Richard S. , Grevel Judith S. , Stapells David R. , Ruben Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relationship among otitis media, auditory sensitivity, and emerging language was examined in a group of 1‐year‐old children who were prospectively followed since birth. Pneumatic otoscopy was used to document the otologic status of the children's ears at each medical visit. There were 13 babies with normal ratings in each ear at 80% more of their visits (designated as “otitis free”) and 12 babies with bilaterally positive otoscopy results at 30% or more of their first year visits (designated “otitis positive”). In comparison to the otitis free infants, the group of otitis positive babies demonstrated reduced auditory sensitivity as measured by auditory brain stem response (ABR) and poorer expressive language abilities. However, differences in receptive language were not detected. These results suggest that otitis media may have an impact on auditory sensitivity and developing language as early as 1 year of age.
Analysis of pressure generation and bolus transit during pharyngeal swallowing
Authors: Mcconnel Fred M. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrent pharyngeal deglutition theory has stressed the role of the pharyngeal constrictors as producing a peristaltic wave responsible for bolus propulsion through the pharynx. This thesis presents data obtained using manofluorography which supports the significance of tongue and laryngeal motion in swallowing. The usage of the term peristalsis to describe the constrictor contraction is challenged.The results of this quantitative study of swallowing in normal subjects, laryngectomized patients, and patients with restricted tongue motion show that tongue driving pressure and the negative pressure developed in the pharyngeal esophageal segment appear more important than the peristaltic‐like pressure of the constrictors. Bolus transit is really dependent upon these two pressures. This model for analysis has clinical significance because it permits quantification of the pharyngeal swallowing mechanism.
Parotid masses: Evaluation, analysis, and current management
Authors: Byrne Maria N. , Spector J. Gershon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo hundred thirty‐one sequential parotid masses seen from January 1982 to July 1986 were reviewed for their clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, pathologic findings, and therapeutic approach. The results were compared with the previously reported findings on parotid masses.There were 146 (63.2%) benign tumors, 60 (21.6%) malignancies, and 35 (15.2%) nonmalignant lesions. Tumors were classified according to their histopathologic diagnosis. An asymptomatic mass was the most common presentation. Radiological evaluation was mainly with computed tomography. The primary surgical procedure was parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation. A selected group of patients was referred for radiation therapy.Our study demonstrated that non‐neoplastic lesions contribute a significant number of masses in the differential diagnosis of parotid tumors. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequently encountered malignancy. Deep lobe tumors were twice as common as previously reported.
Experimental autoimmune inner ear disease
Authors: Soliman Ahmed M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA guinea pig animal model of autoimmune inner ear disease is presented. The functional, anatomical, and immunological inner ear changes were tested electrophysiologically, histologically and by the immunofluorescence test.Using a homologous crude inner ear antigen (CIEAg) we were able to induce endolymphatic hydrops, vasculitis, mild cellular infiltration of the endolymphatic sac, and occasional spiral ganglion degeneration. Threshold shift was seen in 20% of the tested ears. Specific fluorescence was revealed around the modiolar vessels and in the basilar membrane. The endolymphatic sac and duct showed occasional fluorescence in the epithelial and/or subepithelial layers.The findings were discussed in light of the other models immunized with various forms of inner ear antigens. Similarities between the detected specific fluorescence and the fluorescence revealed by sera of patients with cochleovestibular disorders were discussed.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on oral mucosal carcinoma
Authors: Mcmillan Terry , Calhoun Karen H. , Mader Jon T. , Stiernberg Charles M. , Rajaraman Srinivasan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen is sometimes used in the course of treatment in head and neck cancer patients. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on oral cavity carcinogenesis in an animal model. Dimethylbenzanthracene was applied three times weekly to induce oral squamous cell cancers. The group that received simultaneous hyperbaric oxygen had fewer tumors, but the tumors were larger than the dimethyl‐benzanthracene‐only group. We concluded that hyperbaric oxygen has a tumor‐suppressive effect during the induction phase of oral carcinoma and appears to have a stimulatory effect during the proliferative phase of carcinoma in this animal model.
The autonomic innervation of the human vocal cord: Neuropeptides
Authors: Basterra J. , Dilly P. N. , Martorell M. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree methods have been used to study the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the vocal cord: paraformalde‐hyde‐induced fluorescence, electron microscopy, and the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase technique. Each method has been successful in determining adrenergic fibers, autonomic endings, and the neuropeptides VIP and NPY, respectively. The close relationship between these neuropeptides and the autonomic endings (adrenergic and cholinergic), and the presence of the neuropeptides in the chorion of the vocal cord, around glands and vessels, gives new evidence that autonomic innervation plays a role in the functioning of this part of the larynx.
The diagnosis and follow‐up of pediatric sinusitis: Water's view radiography versus ultrasonography
Authors: Revonta Matti , Kuuliala Ilkka 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWater's view plain film radiography was compared with ultrasonography in the diagnosis and follow‐up of acute maxillary sinusitis in 85 children (170 sinuses). At the first visit, the concordance of the two modalities was 91%, but 20 days later, when the symptoms and signs had disappeared, it was only 76%. At the latter date, the concordance between radiography and clinical findings was 71% and between sonography and clinical findings, 93%. The two modalities studied appear to be equally useful in the initial diagnosis of acute maxillary sinusitis. The loss of back‐wall echo correlates well with symptomatic improvement of acute sinusitis. Sonography is also nonionizing and inexpensive, and the examination is simple to repeat.