bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiosensitivity of T and B lymphocytes. II. Effect of irradiation on response of T cells to alloantigens
Authors: Sprent J. , Anderson R. E. , Miller J. F. A. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe radiosensitivity of T cells was investigated by studying the effect of irradiation in vitro in suppressing the capacity of parental strain thoracic duct lymphocytes (a) to induce splenomegaly in newborn F1 mice, and (b) to proliferate in adult irradiated F1 mice as measured by incorporation of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) 4 days after transfer. By these parameters, small T lymphocytes were found to be highly radiosensitive. It was calculated that, of cells with the reactivity to the alloantigens studied, 0.3 % were capable of a proliferative response after exposure to 500 r. Radiosensitivity was considered to be a reflection of lymphocyte death in interphase.The radiosensitivity of H‐2‐activated T cells (T. TDL) differed from that of small T cells. Thus, [3H]dThd incorporation by T. TDL measured 1 day after transfer to irradiated F1 hosts was not abolished, although lowered, by exposure to doses as high as 5000 r; [3H]dThd incorporation measured at 2 days, however, was greatly reduced by much smaller doses of irradiation. In view of evidence obtained elsewhere that the response of T. TDL to alloantigens involves DNA synthesis but not cell division, the present studies were interpreted in terms of irradiation causing death of T. TDL in interphase before entry into DNA synthesis. It was concluded that T. TDL were far more resistant to irradiation‐induced interphase death than were small T cells.The small numbers of lymphocytes obtained from thoracic duct lymph of mice exposed to whole body irradiation 4 days before consisted almost entirely of T cells; these cells, although viable, were found incapable of mounting a proliferate response when exposed to alloantigens on transfer.
Action of dextran sulfate as a direct and general B cell mitogen
Authors: Dörries R. , Schimpl Anneliese , Wecker E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDextran sulfate (DS‐500) significantly stimulates the in vitro immune response against thymus‐dependent antigens in the absence of T cells. The stimulation of antibody production takes place both in the presence and absence of antigens. Dextran sulfate leads to increased cell division as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation; the amount of TCA precipitable radioactivity is greater in the absence of T cells than in their presence. It is suggested that the stimulatory effect of DS‐500 is due to its function as a general and direct B cell mitogen.
Lightly haptenated proteins induce IgM‐deficient antibody responses
Authors: Sarvas H. , Mäkelä O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPairs of hapten‐protein conjugates were used for immunization of different groups of mice. One member of a pair always carried more than 7 moles of hapten per mole of protein (polyvalent conjugate), while the ratio was less than 1.5 for the other member of a pair (mainly monovalent conjugate). The total anti‐hapten response in the two groups of mice was equalized by dose adjustments. Even after this equalization, mice produced 2.3 to 4.3 times higher IgM titers in response to the polyvalent conjugates than to the mainly monovalent ones. A mixture of polyvalent conjugate and noncoupled carrier induced a lower response than the conjugate alone, but both were equally rich in IgM antibody.
Complement‐dependent cytolysis of human B lymphocytes with anti‐light chain antisera
Authors: Meyling F. H. J. Gmelig , Kooy‐Blok Lidy , Ballieux R. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing anti‐light chain antiserum and rabbit complement, 12 % of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and 42 % of tonsillar lymphocytes were specifically lysed. From control experiments it could be assumed that these cells are B lymphocytes. Under comparable conditions, cytolysis of tonsillar lymphocytes on a preparative scale was achieved. After removal of the lysed cells by Ficoll‐Isopaque centrifugation, the T/B cell compositions of the remaining living cell population and the untreated cell suspension were compared using the immunofluorescence technique for demonstration of surface immunoglobulin‐bearing cells and the rosette tests for sheep erythrocyte‐binding and complement‐receptor leukocytes. A maximal B cell depletion of 97 % and a T cell enrichment up to 139 % could be obtained. The applicability of the described method for studies on lymphocyte functions is discussed.
Analysis of affinity of monoclonal antibody responses by inhibition of plaque‐forming cells
Authors: North J. R. , Askonas Brigitte A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that dominant monoclonal responses in mice after transfer of small numbers of spleen cells are the result of strong selection for cell clones producing antibody of high affinity. We have attempted to measure the affinity of anti‐DNP (2,4dinitrophenyl) and anti‐NIP (4hydroxy5iodo3nitrophenacetyl) antibodies produced in monoclonal responses by inhibition of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) with free hapten. PFC from individual monoclonal spleen foci and from spleens after adoptive transfer of 5 × 105 to 2 × 106 primed spleen cells were generally inhibited at lower free antigen concentrations than the PFC found in a heterogeneous secondary response.It was possible to compare several individual cell clones, forming monoclonal antibody to DNP, with respect to the free antigen concentration needed for 50 % plaque inhibition. These comparisons did not correlate well with the relative affinities of serum antibody estimated by the Stupp‐Farr technique.Published work analyzing PFC from plasma cell tumor MOPC 315 forming antibody to DNP might have predicted that the curve of PFC inhibition by free hapten for a monoclonal PFC population would be steep. Usually this was not the case, and 20–80 % PFC inhibition occurred over 100‐fold concentration range of free hapten.Some of the anti‐DNP clones formed large plaques and when these PFC were inhibited by free antigen, the plaque diameter decreased progressively as the hapten concentration increased. Large plaques consequently require more free antigen for inhibition than small plaques. The poor agreement between apparent affinity measured by plaque inhibition and that measured in serum antibody for monoclonal antibody responses may well be a result of the observed differences in plaque size between individual clones.We therefore have strong reservations about the use of plaque inhibition by free antigen to estimate antibody affinity at the cellular level.
Interaction of human anaphylatoxin C3a with rat mast cells demonstrated by immunofluorescence
Authors: Laan Bianca Ter , Molenaar J. L. , Feltkamp‐Vroom Thea M. , Pondman K. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecific interaction of human C3a with rat peritoneal mast cells was demonstrated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique using anti‐C3a. Anti‐C3b, an antiserum exclusively directed against the native structure of C3, anti‐C3c and anti‐C3d as well as antisera against other complement components and against IgE did not show fluorescence.
Bursal and postbursal cells in chicken. Occurrence of postbursal cells in bone marrow, thymus and spleen
Authors: Toivanen P. , Toivanen A. , Tamminen P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study the postbursal nature of lymphoid cells found in the bone marrow, thymus and spleen, their capacity for a long‐term restoration of bursa‐dependent immune functions and of bursal and splenic morphology was evaluated using cyclophosphamide‐treated chicks as cell recipients. The results reveal that postbursal cells appear in significant numbers, first in the spleen and then in the bone marrow and thymus. This observation is interpreted to indicate that migration of postbursal cells from the bursa to bone marrow and thymus most probably occurs through the spleen. The findings also indicate that in the development of the B cell line an early postbursal cell and a mature postbursal cell can be distinguished. Both of these cell types are capable of further function without the influence of a bursal microenvironment. The mature postbursal cell does not have a capacity for formation of germinal centers in significant numbers in the spleen, but the early postbursal cell still shares this potential with its precursor, the bursal stem cell. They are also distinguishable by a slight proliferation of the early postbursal cells in the bursa when transferred into cyclophosphamide‐treated newly‐hatched recipients. Both of these cell types represent distinct entities in the stepwise development of the B cell line.
The gut‐associated lymphoid system: nature and properties of the large dividing cells
Authors: Guy‐Grand Delphine , Griscelli C. , Vassali P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nature of the lymphoid cells and blasts (i.e. cells labeled in vitro with [3H]‐thymidine) of the Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and thoracic duct lymph (TDL) has been studied by combined immunofluorescence and radioautography, using antisera directed against T (MSLA) or B (MBLA) cell antigenic determinants, or against various Ig chains. The migration pattern of these various cell populations after transfer to syngeneic mice or rats was determined by radioactivity counting and radioautography and the nature of the homed cells was studied by combined immunofluorescence and radioautography. B and T blasts from MLN and TDL have, in contrast to blasts from the peripheral lymph nodes, a marked tendancy to home in the gut, and migrate as well in a graft of fetal intestine as in the recipient's own gut, indicating that this selective accumulation is not the result of a mechanism recognizing antigen absorbed from the gut lumen.The gut‐homing B blasts are cells bearing surface IgA (sIgA) and containing intracellular IgA, which transform into IgA plasam cells in the lamina propria. Evidence is discussed that the progenitors of the intestinal IgA plasma cells are proliferating sIgA cells from the PP geerminal centers, which migrate via lymphatics to MLN and TDL and mature during this migration, acquiring intracellular IgA chains as well as a gut‐homing mechanism which might be related to this increased IgA synthesis.The gut‐homing T blasts migrate both in the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium. Most, if not all, the intraepithelial lymphocytes of the gut mucosa appear to be T lymphocytes derived from rapidly dividing cells. Evidence is presented for the existence in the lymphoid system of two types of T blasts, one that is circulating and has a marked tendancy to home to the gut, and a second that does not home to the gut and may be sessile.
Allotypic markers of rhesus monkey immunoglobulin G
Authors: Kruisbeek Ada M. , Rádl J. , Swart A. C. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn allotypic specificity, Ma(1) (Ma as an abbreviation of Macaca), of rhesus monkey IgG is described; it was identified by an alloantiserum, anti‐Ma(1). Ma(1) is located on Fc fragments of IgG molecules.Family studies showed that the allotype Ma(1) is inherited; it occurs in 25 percent of the rhesus monkeys from a random population.Immunization with slightly polymerized IgG proved to be a suitable way to raise anti‐allotype antisera.
The genetic control of the immune response to different antigenic determinants within the synthetic polypeptide poly (His,Glu)‐polyPro–poly Lys
Authors: Mozes Edna , Shaltiel S. , Sela M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development of a new method for the protection of histidine residues during synthesis of polyamino acids has made it possible to prepare a histidine‐containing polymer built on multichain polyproline. The new polypeptide, poly(LHis, LGlu)‐polyLPro–polyLLys, designated (H,G)‐Pro–L, was used for studying the genetic control of the immune response in inbred mouse strains. The new polymer appeared to be a potent immunogen, provoking high antibody titers already at the primary response. Although most of the mouse strains studied responded well to (H,G)‐Pro–L, differences were observed in the specificity of the antibodies elicited in the various strains. Some of the responding strains (C3H/HeJ, AKR/Cu) produced antibodies mainly to the (H,G) determinant, whereas another high responding strain, SJL/J, elicited antibodies specific to the Pro–L moiety exclusively. A third group of strains responded to determinants that are characterized by the very combination of the above specificities. The response potential to the (H,G) part of the immunogen was found to be linked to the major histocompatibility (H‐2) locus of the mouse, whereas the capacity to produce antibodies to the polyproline region of (H,G)‐Pro–L or to determinants in which the (H,G) and Pro‐L moieties participate was found not to be linked to H‐2. Thus, the ability to respond to (H,G)‐Pro–L is controlled by at least three immune response genes.
Detection and quantitation of IgG on the surface of human lymphoid cells by rosette formation with protein A‐coated sheep red blood cells
Authors: Ghetie V. , Nilsson K. , Sjöquist J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSheep red blood cells coated with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) form rosettes with human lymphoid cells with surface‐associated IgG and with cells treated with antibodies of the IgG class against some of the cell membrane antigens. Inhibition of rosette formation by SpA was used for quantitation of immunoglobulins on the cell surface.The sensitivity of the method permits the quantitation of 104 – 105 molecules of IgG receptors and detected less than 104 antibody molecules of the IgG class bound to the surface of IgM‐producing cells.This method seems to be suitable for detection and quantitation of membrane‐associated antigens including immunoglobulins.
Estimation of the amount and tissue distribution of rat Thy‐1.1 antigen
Authors: Acton R. T. , Morris R. J. , Williams A. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution and amount of Thy‐1.1 antigen expressed in rat and mouse tissues have been studied. When anti‐Thy‐1.1 antisera were absorbed with various tissues and assayed by cytotoxicity or radioactive binding assays, it was found that antigen was expressed in similar amounts on thymocytes and brain of both species. Lymphocytic leukemia cells from PVG/c rats also expressed as much Thy‐1.1 as rat thymocytes. In contrast, Thy‐1.1 was only detected in very small amounts on rat lymph node cells or thoracic duct lymphocytes; the level was 20‐fold less than the AKR mouse equivalent. Rat spleen cells had larger amounts than other peripheral rat lymphocytes, and had only 2–3 times less antigen than AKR spleen cells.These results were confirmed by direct binding assays which showed that AKR mouse and PVG/c rat thymocytes bound more than 500000 molecules of anti‐Thy‐1.1 antibody per cell. Autoradiographic analysis showed 90 % of thymocytes, 12 % of spleen cells, and 2 % of lymph node or thoracic duct lymphocytes of the rat to be specifically labeled.
Clones of antibody‐forming cells in pokeweed mitogen stimulated microcultures. II. Estimation of the frequency of precursor cells and the average clone size
Authors: Quintáns J. , Lefkovits I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn allogeneically complemented microcultures of nude spleen cells, the frequency of B precursor cells engaged in the anti‐SRC response is considerably higher in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) (3 × 10−5 – 1 × 10−4) than in the absence of PWM (1.1 × 10−5 – 5 × 10−5). These precursor cells, in the absence of PWM, give rise to clones of plaque‐forming cells (PFC) with an average clone size of 30–70 at the peak of the response. The addition of PWM results in a smaller average clone size (20–40 PFC/clone) as well as an early decline of the response. It is proposed that in this system at least, PWM does not act mainly as a mitogen but rather as an agent that in the presence of T cells, induces the maturation of B cells.
Resistance to hydrocortisone conferred upon thymocytes by a thymic humoral factor
Authors: Trainin N. , Levo Y. , Rotter Varda 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of thymic cells with thymus humoral factor (THF) increased their capacity to elicit a graft‐versus‐host (GVH) reaction in vitro. Similarly, it was shown that in vitro THF treatment of thymic cells increased the resistance of these cells to hydrocortisone (HC) succinate. These results suggest that THF can increase the HC‐resistant compartment of the thymus cell population by transforming the HC‐sensitive cells into resistant ones.
The role of thymus‐derived lymphocytes in an antibody‐mediated hapten‐specific helper effect
Authors: Janeway C. A. , Koren H. S. , Paul W. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cellular basis of the antibody‐mediated, hapten‐specific anti‐idiotype antibody response of CBA/J mice to a hapten conjugate of the BALB/c myeloma protein LPC‐1 was examined. Previous studies have shown that anti‐idiotype antibody is produced if the mice are given anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody and then immunized with DNP‐LPC‐1; immunization with DNP‐LPC‐1 or LPC‐1 alone does not lead to the production of this antibody. In the present experiments, mice depleted of thymus‐derived lymphocytes by two different techniques failed to make anti‐idiotype antibody after transfer of anti‐DNP antibody and immunization with DNP‐LPC‐1. However, thymus‐deprived mice given anti‐DNP antibody in response to DNP‐LPC‐1. Thymocytes could not reconstitute such mice for this response. The possible mechanisms for this hapten‐specific, antibody‐mediated, T cell‐dependent helper effect are discussed. It is felt that such helper effects represent an alernate pathway to conventional specific, T cell‐mediated cooperation. Further examples of antibody‐mediated helper effects which support this hypothesis are also presented.
Spontaneous release of T cell receptors for alloantigens. II. Induction of antibodies of T cell receptors
Authors: Ramseier H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from normal mice, when cultivated in vitro, released receptors or recognition structures (RS) for alloantigens into the surrounding medium. The spontaneous shedding of receptors was revealed by their ability to induce the formation of anti‐recognition structure (anti‐RS) antibodies upon injection into appropriate F1 hybrid recipients. Cell suspensions containing T and B lymphocytes and those containing T lymphocytes wer capable of inducing anti‐RS antibody formation, whereas supensions devoid of T cells were incapable of doing so. Receptors shed from such cell suspensions during a 24‐hour cultivation period gave exactly the same results. Cell‐free culture supernatants, however, incited higher anti‐RS antibody titers, presumably because of an accumulation of RS. The capacity of released T cell receptors to recognize alloantigens as determined in the PAR assay and their ability to induce anti‐RS antibodies went roughly parallel.
Similar specificity fo IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in individumice
Authors: Kolb H. , Trissl Dorothesa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study the previous finding of similar variable regions in individual IgG1 and IgG2a antibody populations is extended by the demonstrations of similar fine specificity of IgG1 and IgG2a combining sites. Antibody populations form individual mice directed against oligo‐D‐alanine determinants were analyzed in their cross‐reactivityb towards 5 heterologous dipeptides. This was done by mixing antibody and hapten followed by determination of free antibodies in a kinetic red cells sensitization assay. The comparison of hyperimmune sera fror 10 mice showed that genetically identical mice can differ significantly in their cross‐reaction pattern. Within each serum the cross‐reaction pattern was determinated for IgG1 and IgG2a. With a few exceptions the same individual pattern was found in both IgG1 and IgG2a antibody populations. This was taken as evidence that the combining sites of IgG1 and IgG2a anti‐oligo‐D‐alanine antibody populations in an individual mouse are similar.
Denaturing effect of x‐irradation on deoxyribonucleic acid aqueous solutions. An immunochemical study
Authors: Natali Pier G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe denaturation of calf thymus DNA aqueous solution following x‐ray radiation (x‐DNA) has been investigated with the help of a rabbit anti‐denatured DNA antiserum. These antibodies were shown to recognize exclusively single‐stranded DNA determinants on DNA molecule in double immunodiffusion analysis. By means of this method it was possible to demonstrate that increasing numbers of single‐stranded DNA determinants wer formed in DNA solutions exposed to increasing doses of radiation. The rabbit serum appeared to be a highly sensitive reagent (0.5 μg/ml of single‐stranded DNA) capable of detecting DNA denaturation when low ionizing doses were used and when only minor changes in DNA physico‐chemical parameters were measurable. Antigenic comparison between x‐DNA and heat‐denatured DNA demonstrated that antigenic determinants are shared by the two molecules. The possible application of immunochemical methods to the study of nucleic acid denaturation of different physical and chemical agents is discussed.
Radioactive antigen suicide of an anti‐DNP (2,4‐dinitrophenyl) clone. I. Recovery and escape from clonal dominance by suici resistant precursors
Authors: McMichael A. J. , Willcox N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) clone line, maintained in vivo by serial pasage through irradiated syngenic recipients, was exposed to 125I‐labeled dinitrophenylated L‐Tyr‐L‐Glu‐L‐Lys copolymer antigen of high specific a Hapten‐specific suicide was obtained, though with more difficulty than for a heterogeneous secondary response.The recovery was followed and was shown to occur either with the same clones or with new clones, depending on conditions. After suicide at a late passage of the clone, recovery by new clones occured very rapidly. This indicated that there was a background heterogeneity in the clone system, nor suppresed by clonal dominance and that some of these new clones were suicide resistant.
Lymphocyte membrane receptors in human lymphoid leukemias
Authors: Ferrarini M. , Tonda G. P. , Risso Angela , Viale Giovanna 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMembrane‐bound immunoglobulins, receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG and receptors for the third component of human or murine complement were used as B cell membrane markers to study eripheral blood lymphocytes from twentytwo patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), five patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and one patient with Sézary syndrome. The capacity of human T cells of forming „spontaneous rosettes”︁ with sheep erythrocytes was employed as T cell membrane marker.In nineteen out of twenty‐seven CLL or ALL cases tested a larger percentage of cells than that found in normal individuals expressed at least one of the three B cell membrane markers studied. In the patient with Sézary syndrome the percentage of cells forming „spontaneous rosettes”︁ with sheep erythrocytes was larger than the normal, while cells bearing B cells markers were below the normal values.