bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐assembly: a review of recent developments
Authors: Bogue Robert 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent progress in self‐assembly technology, principally in the microelectronics context.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the paper discusses the application of nanoscale self‐assembly techniques to microelectronic and related components and then considers research involving larger devices.FindingsThe paper shows that a range of self‐assembly techniques is being used to fabricate both production and experimental microelectronic devices, often with the aim of developing alternatives to copper wire interconnects. Other, experimental self‐assembly techniques are being developed for the packaging and mounting of microelectronic components on substrates.Originality/valueProvides a useful, detailed review of the use of self‐assembly techniques at the nanoscale, microscale and macroscale.
Precise manipulation approach to facilitate interactive modular fixture assembly design in a virtual environment
Authors: Gaoliang Peng , Xu He , Haiquan Yu , Xin Hou , Alipour Khalil 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe virtual design environment offers users an opportunity to interact with a virtual prototyping rather than physical models and to build a fixture configuration in a realistic way. But the virtual reality (VR) environment tends to be inaccurate because humans have difficulty in performing precise positioning tasks. Therefore, it is necessary to implement precise object manipulation methods for assembly and disassembly activities, so that users can perform modular fixture configuration design efficiently in VE. The purpose of this paper is to develop a VR‐based modular fixture assembly design system, which supports the design and assembly of modular fixture configuration in a virtual environment.Design/methodology/approachGeometric constraint‐based method is utilized to represent and treat the assembly relationship between modular fixture elements. The paper presents a hybrid method of rule‐based reasoning and fuzzy comprehensive judgment to capture the user's operation intent and recognize geometric constraint. Through degrees of freedom based analysis, a mathematical matrix is presented for representing and reducing allowable motion of fixture elements, and a constraint‐based motion navigation approach is proposed to ensure that the manipulation of a fixture component not violate that the existing constraints.FindingsThe paper finds that the proposed techniques are applicable to the convenient manipulation and accurate positioning of fixture elements in a virtual environment.Practical implicationsComponent manipulation plays a key role in interactive virtual assembly design. The proposed approach in this paper enables interactive assembly design of modular fixture in virtual environment.Originality/valueThis paper presents a geometric constraint‐based approach that realizes automatic assembly relationship recognition, constraint solving and motion navigation for interactive modular fixture assembly design in a virtual environment.
Modeling and analysis of compliant sheet metal assembly variation
Authors: Yu Kuigang , Jin Sun , Lai Xinmin , Xing Yanfeng 
Published: August 2008

PurposeMaterial variation is inevitable in volume production, especially the sheet metal thickness variation, which influences part stiffness characteristic. The purpose of this paper is to present a new variation model of compliant sheet metal assembly with consideration of material variation influence.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of computational solid mechanics is used to obtain the relationship between part stiffness matrix and material characteristic. The method of influence coefficients is adopted to deduce the assembly variation model.FindingsMaterial variation‐induced influence coefficients to assembly variation are obtained, and a variation model of compliant sheet metal assembly with sources of material variations, part geometric variations and fixture variations is presented. Analysis shows that material variation has an important influence to assembly variations.Originality/valueA quantitative relationship between assembly variations and material thickness variations is firstly given and a new variation model of compliant sheet metal assembly is presented to help designers to more exactly predict the assembly variation and diagnose variation sources.
Design and fabrication of reconstructive mandibular models using fused deposition modeling
Authors: Kouhi Esfandyar , Masood Syed , Morsi Yos 
Published: August 2008

PurposeCombination of advanced imaging, designing and manufacturing techniques has been rapidly developed in recent years for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for medical devices. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for design and fabrication procedure of medical models using computer‐aided design (CAD) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique for application in the mandibular reconstructive surgery.Design/methodology/approachCase studies of patients with mandibular defects are examined using CAD model construction including data acquisition from computerized tomography scan and data processing. Furthermore, the effect of advanced manufacturing parameters settings in FDM methodology is investigated.FindingsThe models were used in assisting the surgeons in their reconstruction planning. A significant improvement regarding the success and convenience in surgery planning been reported.Originality/valueThis paper explores the application and viability of FDM rapid prototyping technology for fabrication of complex mandibular models used for reconstructive surgery.
Design for assembly
Authors: Khan Zulki 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the growing importance of design for assembly (DFA) and design for test (DFT) for compact medical electronics products.Design/methodology/approachThe paper discusses compact products based on leading‐edge electronic components such as digital signal processors, radio frequency (RF) and mixed‐signal chips, advanced ball‐grid array, quad flat pack, chip scale package devices.FindingsAdvanced technologies like these create higher component and joint counts and increasing PCB densities. A higher probability of defects and faults is created, which lead to lower yields for a specific product line unless proper effective DFA and DFT are implemented.Practical implicationsThe paper details DFA, high‐speed PCB design, mixed‐signal design, and DFT.Originality/valueWith increasing complexity in compact medical products, it is prudent to emphasize DFA and DFT for ultimate reliability during product development and production cycles.
Applying the basics to improve the collection
Authors: Teel Linda M. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis article serves as a follow‐up to an article published in Collection Building (Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 129‐133) entitled, “Inventory: catalyst for collection development” which discussed the direct outcomes of an inventory project as they related to effective collection development in a curriculum materials center. This article aims to discuss significant outcomes of change and improvement in a collection based on the inventory outcomes.Design/methodology/approachFeaturing a case study of the East Carolina University Joyner Library Teaching Resources Center, application of the shelf analysis data is used to develop a long‐range plan for implementing changes and improvements in the collection development process. Outcomes are discussed and explained.FindingsThrough assessment, budgeting and collaborative collection development, successful outcomes were accomplished significantly improving and increasing services and resources for users.Originality/valueThe results of an initial inventory project conducted in the East Carolina University Teaching Resources Center improved the relevancy, accuracy, reliability and circulation of the curriculum collection. Using the data from the initial inventory to conduct further assessments, this case study discusses significant outcomes that were accomplished by implementing long‐range strategic planning. This article substantiates that a collection inventory provided the catalyst for instigating major changes in the curriculum collection development of the Joyner Library Teaching Resources Center.
The ownership of presidential campaign biographies by libraries: an empirical study
Authors: Crawford Gregory A. , McGuigan Glenn , Mattern Kephart Debra 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis research aims to examine the inclusion of biographies of presidential candidates in library collections.Design/methodology/approachOCLC's WorldCat database was used to search for biographies of presidential candidates that were held by libraries. Only biographies from the two years preceeding and the actual year of a presidential election were included in the analyses.FindingsThe results show that although candidate biographies are plentiful, most are owned by only a few libraries. Recent elections have seen the greatest number of these biographies, many of which have been produced by special interest groups. Analyses show that libraries collect these biographies without regard to party affiliation of the candidate or whether the candidate was victorious.Research limitations/implicationsOnly major party candidates were included in the analyses.Originality/valueAlthough such campaign materials may seem ephemeral, the paper shows that this material provides the raw material for future research on presidential campaigns and its associated advertising.
Selection criteria for academic video game collections
Authors: Tappeiner Elizabeth , Lyons Catherine 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThis article aims to discuss the relevance of building video game collections in academia to support research and learning on campus and to propose useful criteria for building video game collections in academic libraries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined collection development policies of selected academic libraries as well as research discussing the cultural, historical, and educational value of video games. The authors also examined video game playback devices, games and their packaging, and popular game web sites.FindingsThe authors outline selection considerations for developing video game collections and propose the following criteria for selecting games: physical characteristics, teaching and learning principles present in the games, subject matter and content, and the cultural and historical value of a game.Originality/valueEstablishing video games in libraries is not a new topic, but most discussions have been focused on public libraries or the entertainment value of video games in academic libraries. This article focuses on games as serious objects of study in academia and provides best practices for video games collections development.
X‐ray systems for security and industrial inspection
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present improvements in X‐ray equipment, which are leading to wider use.Design/methodology/approachDevelopments in X‐ray sources and detectors are described. This is followed by a review of the more innovative equipment available for security and industrial applications.FindingsTechnological developments have produced smaller, lighter X‐ray systems and extended their applications to on‐site work. Multiple wavelength systems distinguish between different materials, and stereo systems remove ambiguities from X‐ray security imaging and allow 3D gauging of industrial components.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the availability of portable X‐ray systems and explains the underlying technology.
A new way to monitor using fibreoptics
Authors: Hunt James 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at fibreoptic sensing techniques and applications.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides information on fibreoptic sensing technologies, instrumentation, advantages and applications.FindingsFibreoptic sensing, especially fibreoptic Bragg gratings, provide a highly effective means of monitoring internal changes in structural and other components that were previously impossible or very difficult to detect. Such systems are now approaching full commercialisation.Originality/valueThe paper provides a useful overview of how fibreoptic sensors work, and the advantages they provide when used in instrumentation applications ranging from compact devices to large and complex structures, where they may be structurally integrated.
Latest advances in through‐wall radar sensing for security applications
Authors: Edgcombe Jon P. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine existing radar sensor results, techniques for through‐wall radar and current applications for the technology.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides information on sensing through a high‐attenuation obstacle and the associated pitfalls and considerations. Results from ultra‐wide‐band (UWB) impulse radar, micro‐Doppler radar, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) targeted at this area are presented. Discussion of radar clutter classification is given and also observations on presenting a system with a non‐zero false alarm rate to a user to give best confidence and maximum decision capability.FindingsThere are significant new requirements for through‐wall radar which a combination of UWB, continuous wave, and SAR techniques with recent signal processing advances and the advent of low‐cost radio and image processing can meet in distributed markets. Risk of a poor user level decision in a non‐zero‐false‐alarm‐rate system can be mitigated by increasing the number of inputs into the decision.Originality/valueThe paper lists challenges that have been overcome in the area of through‐wall sensing and presents results from novel radar sensors.
An analytical approach for modelling electro‐magnetic tomography sensor
Authors: Gonzalez‐Nakazawa Alejandro , Yang Wuqiang , Hennessey Kathleen 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an analytical model and implementation of a prototype electro‐magnetic tomography (EMT) sensor system. Sensitivity maps for an EMT sensor are usually calculated using a numerical approach, such as the finite element method (FEM). While FEM can produce accurate results for any geometrical layout, intensive computation is needed to solve the forward problem and to obtain the sensitivity maps. An alternative approach is to develop an analytical model for the same purpose.Design/methodology/approachAlthough the applicability of the analytical model is limited to certain geometrical cases, it provides a much faster means, in particular for calculating sensitivity maps, than FEM. The paper gives brief insight into the calculations and some details on its implementation. The results obtained with the analytical model are compared with FEM.FindingsThe results having been obtained with the analytical model and compared with FEM, it has been shown that the differences are as small as 6 per cent and that the prototype EMT sensor system can reconstruct images with an error under 10 per cent (of the object size) in the true position.Originality/valueThis is the first time an analytical model has been used to calculate sensitivity maps for EMT.
Knitted switches for smart clothing using double electrode technology
Authors: Soleimani Manuchehr 
Published: August 2008

PurposeElectronic textiles are a major new development in the field of smart technology. There are many potential applications for electrically active textiles (EAT). The purpose of this paper is to present state‐of‐the‐art knitted switches based on EAT technology.Design/methodology/approachThe switches operate with double electrodes, and they are designed to be operated by a human finger, with or without a glove. In this study, these switches were manufactured based on EAT technology by generating conductive areas as electrodes.FindingsA custom‐made impedance analyzer was developed to identify the electrical characteristics of the switches. The deriving circuits were designed to operate the switches according to their impedance characteristics.Originality/valueThe switch working with glove and bare hand is novel.
A focus on gender similarities in work experiences in senior management
Authors: Metz Isabel , Simon Alan 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a shift in emphasis from gender differences to gender similarities in the explanations of the findings of future gender in management research. The results from a study in a major Australian bank help build the case. Such a focus on gender similarities (FGS) hopefully will bring about positive organizational change that might stimulate an increase in women's representation in senior management in the future.Design/methodology/approachTo make a case for the proposed FGS approach the paper uses results from a survey of 178 senior managers and interviews with 14 executives in one Australian bank. The paper draws on the masculine culture and organizational silence literatures to explain how women and men in senior management can have similar work experiences and hold similar views of their organizations.FindingsThe paper finds that male and female respondents held similarly unfavorable views of the organization's culture, but men felt constrained in raising concerns. Most executives would welcome a change of culture.Research limitations/implicationsThe research study in banking is included specifically to show how the proposed FGS approach works in gender in management research. A limitation of the study is the small interview sample. The finding on men's silence is particularly pertinent to the argument for organizational change that benefits the whole organization, not just women.Practical implicationsThe FGS approach broadens the appeal of change for organizations. For example, by applying the FGS approach to the study in banking, the principal message for organizations would be that there is widespread dissatisfaction with the outdated command‐and control management style, extremely long hours, and lack of work‐life balance. Organizations are more likely to address findings of “widespread dissatisfaction” than of dissatisfaction in a section of the workforce (e.g. women).Originality/valueThe recognition that a shift in the approach to the study of gender in management is needed to stimulate organizational change that might increase women's representation in senior management. The study shows how men will also benefit from this shift in emphasis, because the explanations and recommendations emanating from future research using the FGS approach will give men a much needed voice to raise issues that are similar to those raised by their female colleagues.
Underprediction of performance for US minorities using cognitive ability measures
Authors: Gardner Donald , Deadrick Diana L. 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine moderating effects of employee race on ability–performance relationships in a well‐controlled study.Design/methodology/approachThe cognitive ability of a large sample (n = 972) of employees in a garment manufacturing organization was measured using a well‐validated instrument (the General Aptitude Test Battery). Relationships to objective measures of performance were assessed for differential validity.FindingsContrary to expectations, the correlation between ability and performance was found to be stronger for black employees than white employees. This results in underprediction of performance for black job applicants if a common cutoff score is used.Research limitations/implicationsThe near demise of research on differential validity may be premature. Subgroup differences are more likely to be detected when appropriate research designs are used.Practical implicationsOrganizations may risk moral and legal problems if they use selection procedures without adequately addressing potential problems with differential validity.Originality/valueThis paper stimulates interest in examining potential race‐based differential validity effects when examining organizational selection procedures.
Report from SIOP diversifying diversity: moving beyond race and gender
Authors: Hopper Jennifer E. , Salvaggio Nicole 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the current research on gender and diversity related topics presented at the 22nd Annual Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference.Design/methodology/approachThe Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP), a division of the American Psychological Association, seeks to “enhance human well being and performance in organizational and work settings by promoting the science, practice, and teaching of industrial‐organizational psychology”. There were 22 posters and 13 symposia pertaining to gender and diversity issues presented at the 2007 conference. An overview of these papers is provided.FindingsResearch findings indicate that although there has been progress, women still face barriers in their organizations. In addition, research on race related issues continues to indicate that perceptions of discrimination impact employee attitudes.Originality/valueThe 2007 SIOP Conference continues to provide researchers and practitioners insight into the latest findings on diversity related topics. This year's conferences expanded diversity research beyond race and gender to further enhance knowledge on topics such as, religion, sexual orientation, and methodological issues.
Building strategic alliances
Authors: Kwesiga Eileen 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight findings from research presented at the 2007 International Academy of African Business and Development Conference in London, UK.Design/methodology/approachA select group of papers were chosen from the proceedings and presentations made at the conference for this report. The International Academy of African Business and Development Conference draws participants from the USA, Europe, Africa and Asia.FindingsResearch findings from the empirical studies indicated women and people of color face continue to face barriers in employment and the workplace. Women continue to experience gender role stereotypes detrimental to their careers and entrepreneurial endeavors.Originality/valueThe research papers selected give some insight into the issues of gender and diversity from a cross‐cultural perspective.
Reflections on gender, equality and migration in a new Europe
Authors: Kamenou Nicolina 
Published: August 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the Gender, Migration and Equality stream of the Industrial Relations in Europe 2007 (UREC) Conference, which took place in Athens, Greece.Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarizes a paper delivered at the first plenary session and also papers presented at the stream.FindingsThe paper finds that all papers within the stream highlighted the fact that discrimination and prejudice still exist throughout Europe and these are endemic and institutionalised. Some progress has been made in some areas and industries but for the situation to really alter, people in power should acknowledge their role in reproducing discrimination.Originality/valueThe research papers selected show that equality discussions and debates took a prominent position in the IREC Conference, which is beneficial in terms of pushing forward an equality agenda to the mainstream.