bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controls on use efficiency of plant nutrients along subtropical to alpine gradients on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhang Lin , Shen Wei , Tang Yanhong , Luo Tianxiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuestionKnowledge of how nutrient use strategies differ between forest trees and alpine shrubs/grasses is important to understand the mechanisms of vegetation changes from montane forests to alpine shrubs/grasslands along altitudinal gradients. We tested the hypothesis that, to maximize the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of canopy production, forest trees tend to have a higher mean residence time (MRT) of nitrogen in the plants through increased leaf life span, whereas alpine shrublands and grasslands tend to have higher nitrogen productivity through increased below‐ground biomass fraction. We further tested whether similar patterns are found in phosphorus use efficiency (PUE).LocationTwenty‐one sampling sites along Tibetan Alpine Vegetation Transects (TAVT) at altitudes from 1900 m to 4900 m.MethodsWe measured the maximum biomass of new canopy leaves and twigs and the concentrations of their nutrients N and P and associated ecosystem variables along the TAVT. NUE (PUE) was calculated as the product of nutrient productivity (dry matter production per unit N or P in new canopy leaves and twigs) and MRT (the ratio of foliage nutrient pool to annual nutrient uptake).ResultsWith increasing altitude, leaf life span increased in forest trees but decreased in shrublands and grasslands, while below‐ground fraction increased when vegetation changed from montane forests to alpine shrubs/grasslands. In forest trees, higher N‐MRT and P‐MRT and lower P productivity were associated with longer leaf life span and lower below‐ground fraction, while N productivity varied little. In alpine shrublands and grasslands, N‐MRT, P‐MRT and P productivity varied little with leaf life span and below‐ground fraction, while N productivity was positively correlated with below‐ground fraction.ConclusionsOur data supported the hypothesis, suggesting that NUE of canopy production would be a measure of changes in ecosystem functioning from montane forests to alpine shrublands and grasslands along altitudinal gradients. The findings provide an insight into the linkage between biogeochemistry and phytogeographic processes across ecosystems.
Researching lived experience in health professional education
Authors: Ajjawi Rola , Bearman Margaret , Luong Victoria , O'Brien Bridget C. , Varpio Lara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionQualitative approaches have flourished in medical education research. Many research articles use the term ‘lived experience’ to describe the purpose of their study, yet we have noticed contradictory uses and misrepresentations of this term. In this conceptual paper, we consider three sources of these contradictions and misrepresentations: (1) the conflation of perspectives with experiences; (2) the conflation of experience with lived experience; and (3) the conflation of researching lived experience with phenomenology. We offer suggestions to facilitate more precise use of terminology.ArgumentOur starting point is to free researchers from unnecessary shackles: Not every problem in medical education should be studied through experience, nor should every study of experience be phenomenological. Data based on participants' perceptions, beliefs, opinions and thoughts, while based on reflections of experiences, are not in and of themselves accounts of experience. Lived experiences are situated, primal and pre‐reflective; perspectives are more abstract. Lived experience—as opposed to experiences as such—deeply attune to bodies, relationality, space and time. There is also a difference between experiences as lived, how a person makes sense of these and what the researcher interprets and represents. Phenomenology is a meaningful approach to the study of lived experience, but other approaches, such as narrative inquiry and self‐study, can also offer useful avenues for undertaking this type of research.DiscussionWe aim to broaden researchers' scope with this paper and equip researchers with the information they need to be clear about the meaning and use of the terms experience and lived experience. We also hope to open new methodological possibilities for researching experiences as lived and, through highlighting tensions, to prompt researchers of lived experience to strive for ontological closeness and resonance.
Federated learning–based global road damage detection
Authors: Saha Poonam Kumari , Arya Deeksha , Sekimoto Yoshihide 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep learning is widely used for road damage detection, but it requires extensive, diverse, and well‐labeled data. Centralized model training can be difficult due to large data transfers, storage needs, and computational resources. Data privacy concerns can also hinder data sharing among clients, leaving them to train models on their own data, leading to less robust models. Federated learning (FL) addresses these problems by training models without data sharing, only exchanging model parameters between clients and the server. This study deploys FL along with YOLOv5l to generate models for single‐ and multi‐country applications. These models gave 21%–25% lesser mean average precision (mAP) than centralized models but outperformed local client models by 1.33%–163% on the global test data.
One‐stage Neurorrhaphy and Posterior Transposition with Gastrocnemius Fascial Flap for Common Peroneal Nerve Injury: Preliminary Results
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Jie , Li Shulin , Zhao Qian , Xu Lei , Li Li 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveCommon peroneal nerve (CPN) injury is a frequently encountered lower extremity injury. Furthermore, several previous studies have demonstrated that patients who underwent direct suturing of the CPN following rupture experienced unfavorable postoperative prognoses. Therefore, we aimed to present a novel modified surgical approach for CPN rupture and assess the effectiveness of this technique in restoring lower limb functionality.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, we included patients with CPN rupture who underwent one‐stage neurorrhaphy and posterior transposition combined with nerve wrapping using a gastrocnemius fascial flap for CPN rupture between January 2016 and December 2020. Lower limb function was evaluated using the lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) and British Medical Research Council (BMRC) grading system. We also assessed the influence of age, sex, duration of symptoms, mechanism of injury, and surgical modality on the postoperative recovery of lower extremity function using subgroup and regression analyses.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (mean age = 35.76 ± 13.01 years) with at least 2 years of follow‐up were included in the final analysis. The LEFS scores significantly improved after surgery at the last follow‐up (p < 0.01). Moreover, 67.57% of the patients achieved good or excellent postoperative outcomes (BMRC: M3 or above). Results of the subgroup analysis and regression models suggested that patients who underwent direct suturing showed better recovery of lower extremity function than those who underwent nerve grafting.ConclusionOne‐stage neurorrhaphy and posterior transposition combined with nerve wrapping using a gastrocnemius fascial flap exhibited encouraging outcomes in restoring lower‐limb function among patients with CPN rupture. This novel surgical technique is expected to be an effective method for treating CPN ruptures in the future.
Disentangling the effect of growth from development in size‐related trait scaling relationships
Authors: Millan M. , Ottaviani G. , Beckett H. , Archibald S. , Mangena H. , Stevens N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In plant ecology, the terms growth and development are often used interchangeably. Yet these constitute two distinct processes. Plant architectural traits (e.g. number of successive forks) can estimate development stages. Here, we show the importance of including the effect of development stages to better understand size‐related trait scaling relationships (i.e. between height and stem diameter).
We focused on one common savanna woody species (Senegalia nigrescens) from the Greater Kruger Area, South Africa. We sampled 406 individuals that experience different exposure to herbivory, from which we collected four traits: plant height, basal stem diameter, number of successive forks (proxy for development stage), and resprouting. We analysed trait relationships (using standardized major axis regression) between height and stem diameter, accounting for the effect of ontogeny, exposure to herbivory, and resprouting.
The number of successive forks affects the scaling relationship between height and stem diameter, with the slope and strength of the relationship declining in more developed individuals. Herbivory exposure and resprouting do not affect the overall height–diameter relationship. However, when height and stem diameter were regressed separately against number of successive forks, herbivory exposure and resprouting had an effect. For example, resprouting individuals allocate more biomass to both primary and secondary growth than non‐resprouting plants in more disturbed conditions.
We stress the need to include traits related to ontogeny so as to disentangle the effect of biomass allocation to primary and secondary growth from that of development in plant functional relationships.
Co‐inoculation of rhizobia and AMF improves growth, nutrient uptake, and cadmium resistance of black locust grown in sand culture
Authors: Zhang Fusen , Zou Dongchen , Wang Jueying , Xiong Bingcai , Gao Lan , Guo Pan , Du Hongxia , Ma Ming , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic microorganisms important for plants grown in nutrient‐deficient and heavy metal‐contaminated soils. However, it remains unclear how plants respond to the coupled stress by heavy metal and nitrogen (N) deficiency under co‐inoculation. Here, we investigated the synergistic effect of Mesorhizobium huakuii QD9 and Funneliformis mosseae on the response of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) grown in sand culture to cadmium (Cd) under N deficiency conditions. The results showed that single inoculation of AMF improved the growth and Cd resistance of black locust, co‐inoculation improved the most. Compared to non‐inoculated controls, co‐inoculation mediated higher biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted nodulation, mycorrhizal colonization, photosynthetic capacity, and N, P, Fe and Mg acquisition when exposed to Cd. This increase was significantly higher under N deficiency compared to N sufficiency. In addition, the uptake of Cd by co‐inoculated black locust roots increased, but Cd translocation to the above‐ground decreased under both N deficiency and sufficiency. Thus, in the tripartite symbiotic system, not merely metabolic processes but also Cd uptake increased under N deficiency. However, enhanced Cd detoxification in the roots and reduced allocation to the shoot likely prevent Cd toxicity and rather stimulated growth under these conditions.
Economic costs of friendshoring
Authors: Javorcik Beata , Kitzmüller Lucas , Schweiger Helena , Yıldırım Muhammed A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGeo‐political tensions and disruptions to global value chains have led policymakers to re‐evaluate their approach to globalisation. Many countries are considering friendshoring – trading primarily with countries sharing similar values – as a way of minimising exposure to weaponisation of trade and securing access to critical inputs. If followed through, this process has the potential to reverse global economic integration of recent decades. This article estimates the economic costs of friendshoring using a quantitative model incorporating inter‐country inter‐industry linkages. The results suggest that friendshoring may lead to real GDP losses of up to 4.7% of GDP in some economies. Thus, although friendshoring may provide insurance against extreme disruptions and increase the security of supply of vital inputs, it would come at a substantial cost.
The role of companion animal models in radiopharmaceutical development and translation
Authors: Maitz Charles A. , Bryan Jeffrey N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdvancements in molecular imaging and drug targeting have created a renaissance in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for therapy and theranostics. While some radiopharmaceuticals, such as Na[131I]I, have been used clinically for decades, new agents are being approved using small‐molecules, peptides, and antibodies for targeting. As these agents are being developed, the need to understand dosimetry and biologic effects of the systemically delivered radiotherapy becomes more important, particularly as highly potent radiopharmaceuticals using targeted alpha therapy become clinically utilized. As the processes being targeted become more complex, and the radiobiology of different particulate radiation becomes more diverse, models that better recapitulate human cancer and geometry are necessary. Companion animals develop many of the same types of cancer, carrying many of the same genetic drivers as those seen in people, and the scale and geometry of tumours in dogs more closely mimics those in humans than murine tumour models. Key translational challenges in oncology, such as alterations in tumour microenvironment, hypoxia, heterogeneity, and geometry are addressed by companion animal models. This review paper will provide background on radiopharmaceutical targeting techniques, review the use of radiopharmaceuticals in companion animal oncology, and explore the translational value of treating these patients in terms of dosimetry, treatment outcomes, and normal tissue complication rates.
Risk factors for corneal conjunctival grafting failure in dogs at four referral centers in the southern United States (203 patients): 2015–2021
Authors: Mironovich Melanie A. , Carter Renee , Chun Yeji , Foote Braidee C. , Van Horn Hendrix Diane , Lewin Andrew C. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Rogers Callie , Scott Erin M. , Telle Mary R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo report risk factors associated with conjunctival graft failure in dogs at four referral specialty centers.ProceduresRecords of 203 dogs (229 eyes) undergoing conjunctival graft repair of ulcerative keratitis at four hospitals from 2015 to 2021 were reviewed. Success was defined as full graft integration with globe retention at the last postoperative evaluation; vision status was reported separately. Factors assessed included patient signalment, ophthalmic examination findings, surgical factors, and follow‐up information.ResultsConjunctival graft failure occurred in 11% (25/229) of eyes and was significantly associated with ulcer depth, with corneal perforations having increased odds of graft failure compared with descemetoceles (odds ratio [OR] = 3.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–9.32; p = .03) and stromal ulcers (OR = 10.89 [95% CI 1.38–86.18], p = .02). Brachycephalic dogs were significantly more likely than non‐brachycephalic dogs to experience graft failure (OR = 5.02 [95% CI 1.42–17.74], p < .01). Surgery on the opposite eye relative to surgeon handedness was significantly associated with an increased risk of graft failure (OR 4.28 [95% CI 1.53–11.94], p < .01). The use of 7‐0 and 8‐0 suture versus 9‐0 (p = .03) and the use of a combined simple continuous and interrupted pattern (p = .03) were significantly associated with an increased risk of graft failure. At the last follow‐up, (median 61.5 days), 87% of dogs were visual.ConclusionsCorneal perforations, surgery on the opposite eye relative to surgeon handedness, suture size and pattern, and brachycephalic conformation were significantly associated with an increased risk of graft failure in this study. These characteristics can be considered when determining prognosis for ulcerative keratitis requiring surgical intervention.
Exercise‐induced potentiation of the acute hypoxic ventilatory response: Neural mechanisms and implications for cerebral blood flow
Authors: Oliveira Diogo M. , Rashid Anas , Brassard Patrice , Silva Bruno M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA given dose of hypoxia causes a greater increase in pulmonary ventilation during physical exercise than during rest, representing an exercise‐induced potentiation of the acute hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR). This phenomenon occurs independently from hypoxic blood entering the contracting skeletal muscle circulation or metabolic byproducts leaving skeletal muscles, supporting the contention that neural mechanisms per se can mediate the HVR when humoral mechanisms are not at play. However, multiple neural mechanisms might be interacting intricately. First, we discuss the neural mechanisms involved in the ventilatory response to hypoxic exercise and their potential interactions. Current evidence does not support an interaction between the carotid chemoreflex and central command. In contrast, findings from some studies support synergistic interactions between the carotid chemoreflex and the muscle mechano‐ and metaboreflexes. Second, we propose hypotheses about potential mechanisms underlying neural interactions, including spatial and temporal summation of afferent signals into the medulla, short‐term potentiation and sympathetically induced activation of the carotid chemoreceptors. Lastly, we ponder how exercise‐induced potentiation of the HVR results in hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia, which influences cerebral blood flow regulation, with multifaceted potential consequences, including deleterious (increased central fatigue and impaired cognitive performance), inert (unchanged exercise) and beneficial effects (protection against excessive cerebral perfusion).
Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Performance of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Li Zhehan , Xie Deqiao , Zhou Kai , Raza Naqvi Syed Mesum , Wang Dongsheng , Zhao Jianfeng , Shen Lida , Tian Zongjun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The 316L stainless steel part built by laser powder bed fusion has attracted much attention in recent years. However, current studies have not systematically revealed the influence of post-heat treatment on fatigue performance. In this study, we utilized two common heat treatment processes (450 °C anneal treatment and 1050 °C solution treatment) for 316L stainless steel and then discussed their influence on fatigue life and crack growth rate. It can be found that both the heat treatment processes led to a decrease in fatigue life. The 1050 °C solution treatment can decrease crack growth rate. This can be attributed to the increase in grain size and decline of carbide at the grain boundary. The former can lead to a longer propagation path. The latter may cause more and deeper secondary cracks along the propagation path, which exhaust more energy.
Analysis of Electroosmotically Modulated Peristaltic Transport of Third Grade Fluid in a Microtube Considering Slip-Dependent Zeta Potential
Authors: Mahanta Kaushik , Banerjee Debanjan , Bariar Priyanshu , Sah Pawan Kumar , Arefin Shamsul , Pati Sukumar , Biswas Pankaj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present study investigates electro-osmotically modulated peristaltic transport of third-grade fluid through a microtube taking into consideration the intricate coupling of zeta potential and hydrodynamic slippage. The analytical results encompass the mathematical expressions for dimensionless electrical potential distribution as well as series solutions for stream function and axial pressure gradient up to first order utilizing the perturbation technique for small Deborah number coupled with the Cauchy product for infinite series. Critical values and ranges of wavelength have been obtained where the axial pressure gradient vanishes. Moreover, pivotal values and ranges of wavelength have also been noted for the invariance of pressure gradient with respect to Deborah number as well as Debye–Hückel parameter. Trapping phenomenon has also been investigated by contours of streamlines wherein the zones of recirculation or trapped boluses are formed predominantly near the microtube walls. Additionally, the relative enhancement in hydrodynamic slippage amplifies the trapped bolus size, whereas a diminishing behavior on bolus size is observed by the electro-osmotic parameter.
Stat3 activation-triggered transcriptional networks govern the early stage of HBV-induced hepatic inflammation
Authors: Tang Jinglin , Zhang Jiaxuan , Zhang Gaoli , Peng Wenhui , Ling Ning , Zhou Yingzhi , Xu Hongmei , Ren Hong , Chen Min 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The chronic carrier state of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) often leads to the development of liver inflammation as carriers age. However, the exact mechanisms that trigger this hepatic inflammation remain poorly defined. We analyzed the sequential processes during the onset of liver inflammation based on time-course transcriptome and transcriptional regulatory networks in an HBV transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice model and chronic HBV-infected (CHB) patients (data from GSE83148). The key transcriptional factor (TF) responsible for hepatic inflammation occurrence was identified and then validated both in HBV-Tg mice and liver specimens from young CHB patients. By time-course analysis, an early stage of hepatic inflammation was demonstrated in 3-month-old HBV-Tg mice: a marked upregulation of genes related to inflammation (Saa1/2, S100a8/9/11, or Il1β), innate immunity (Tlr2, Tlr7, or Tlr8), and cells chemotaxis (Ccr2, Cxcl1, Cxcl13, or Cxcl14). Within CHB samples, a unique early stage of inflammation activation was discriminated from immune tolerance and immune activation groups based on distinct gene expression patterns. Enhanced activation of TF Stat3 was strongly associated with increased inflammatory gene expression in this early stage of inflammation. Expression of phosphorylated Stat3 was higher in liver specimens from young CHB patients with relatively higher alanine aminotransferase levels. Specific inhibition of Stat3 activation significantly attenuated the degree of liver inflammation, the expression of inflammation-related genes, and the inflammatory monocytes and macrophages in 3-month-old HBV-Tg mice. Stat3 activation is essential for hepatic inflammation occurrence and is a novel indicator of early-stage immune activation in chronic HBV carriers.

IMPORTANCE
Until now, it remains a mystery that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients in the “immune tolerance phase” will transition to the “immune activation phase” as they age. In this study, we reveal that Stat3 activation-triggered hepatic transcriptional alterations are distinctive characteristics of the early stage of immune/inflammation activation in chronic HBV infection. For the first time, we discover a mechanism that might trigger the transition from immune tolerance to immune activation in chronic HBV carriers.
Two
Human papillomavirus 11
complete genomes recovered from inverted sinonasal papillomas in humans
Authors: Bouzidi Sarah , Puech Julien , Fulla Marta , González-Compta Xavier , Pere Hélène , Alemany Laia , Veyer David , Bravo Ignacio G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We communicate here two complete
Human papillomavirus 11
(HPV11) genomes recovered from one transitional and from one squamous inverted sinonasal papilloma, a rare proliferative disease in humans. Both genomes belong to the HPV11_A2 sublineage.