bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of nitride semiconductors and its application to heterojunction bipolar transistors
Authors: Makimoto Toshiki , Kumakura Kazuhide 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNitride heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are promising for high‐power and high‐temperature applications. However, two major issues for nitride HBTs have been low current gains and large offset voltages. Recently, to resolve these two issues, we developed a technique for extrinsic base regrowth of p‐InGaN which led to the successful fabrication of Npn‐type GaN/InGaN HBTs with high current gains and low offset voltages. These GaN/InGaN HBTs have a low‐resistivity p‐InGaN base and wide‐bandgap n‐GaN collector. We demonstrated their high breakdown voltage characteristics as well as high current density characteristics. These characteristics indicate that GaN/InGaN HBTs are favorable for high‐power electronic devices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(3): 20–25, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20216
Design of microstrip‐line bandpass filter based on reflected characteristics in time domain
Authors: Nakayama Masaharu , Deguchi Hiroyuki , Tsuji Mikio , Shigesawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAs an inverse scattering problem using the one‐dimensional Transmission‐Line Matrix (TLM) method, it is possible to derive the transmission line shape from an arbitrary reflection characteristic in the time domain. In this paper, a bandpass filter consisting of microstrip lines is designed based on this TLM method. In the designed filter, there is a frequency shift of the filter characteristics toward the lower frequencies, which is caused by the phase shift at the discontinuity. An improvement method is proposed in which transmission line correction is performed on the basis of the LC equivalent circuit of the impedance discontinuity. Its usefulness is experimentally verified. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(3): 1–9, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20221
Sensorless vector control of induction motor stabilized in the whole region with speed and stator resistance identification based on augmented error
Authors: Hamajima Toyokazu , Hasegawa Masaru , Doki Shinji , Okuma Shigeru 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes new identification laws of an adaptive flux observer for speed sensorless vector controls. In speed sensorless vector controls of an induction motor with the adaptive observer, the speed identification system is known to be unstable in a part of the regenerating region. In addition, it is pointed out that the stator resistance variation interferes with the speed identification. Thus, it is necessary to find an adaptive scheme which can stabilize the identification system.In this paper, first, the stability on the parameter identification is discussed from the viewpoint of Popov's hyperstability. Second, identification laws for the speed and the stator resistance are proposed based on the new identification system which is derived by using the augmented error. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by experiments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(1): 52–63, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20187
Advanced‐staged tonsillar squamous carcinoma: Organ preservation versus surgical management of the primary site
Authors: Shirazi Haider Ali , Sivanandan Ranjiv , Goode Richard , Fee Willard E. , Kaplan Michael J. , Pinto Harlan A. , Goffinet Don R. , Le Quynh‐Thu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to review our experience in the management of advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and to compare treatment outcomes between patients treated with and without surgery to the primary site.Methods.The records of 74 patients with advanced‐stage tonsillar SCC were reviewed. The median age at diagnosis was 58 years. Thirty‐eight patients received definitive surgery to the primary site, and 36 were treated with an organ‐preservation approach (OP) using radiotherapy ± chemotherapy.Results.No significant difference in overall survival (OS) or freedom from relapse (FFR) by treatment was found. T classification and N status were significant independent predictors on multivariate analysis for OS and FFR. Major late toxicity was noted in 10 patients in the surgical group and nine in the OP group.Conclusion.Patients treated with OP and primary surgery had comparable OS and FFR. T classification and N status were significant independent predictors for tumor relapse and survival. On the basis of these results, we favor organ‐preservation therapy for patients with advanced‐stage tonsillar SCC. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
New modification of the mandibulotomy approach without lip splitting
Authors: Baek Chung‐Hwan , Lee Seung‐Won , Jeong Han‐Sin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground.A lower lip‐splitting incision has traditionally been performed with different types of mandibulotomy approaches for obtaining wide access to oral and oropharyngeal cancers. However, lip splitting can be associated with unfavorable aesthetic results. We describe our new modification of a traditional mandibulotomy approach without lip splitting to avoid these morbidities. This is a case series in a tertiary referral center.Methods.The primary tumor site was the oropharynx in four cases, the oral cavity in two cases, and the parapharynx in one case. Each case was assessed for TNM staging, perioperative complications, status of the resection margins, tumor recurrence, and the aesthetic and functional results of the lower lip.Results.All the tumors were safely removed by means of our modified non–lip‐splitting mandibulotomy approach through the combined intraoral and transcervical routes with adequate resection margins. There were no troublesome difficulties in reconstruction of the surgical defects with various major flaps. The cosmetic results were excellent with intact lip function.Conclusion.We believe this new modified non–lip‐splitting mandibulotomy approach could replace the conventional mandibulotomy approach for some selected malignant lesions, with excellent cosmetic and functional results of the lower lip. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Influence of passive humidification on respiratory heat loss in tracheotomized patients
Authors: Rozsasi Ajnacska , Leiacker Richard , Fischer Yvonne , Keck Tilman 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground.The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in total respiratory heat loss during use of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) in tracheotomized patients.Methods.Tracheal humidity and temperature were measured before the application and during use of the HME (plastic foam impregnated with CaCl2), and total respiratory heat loss was calculated.Results.No significant difference was found between the convective heat exchange before and after use of the HME for a 10‐minute period. When the HME was placed on the tracheal opening, the evaporative heat exchange and the total respiratory heat loss decreased significantly.Conclusions.The results indicate that passive airway humidification is effective in tracheotomized patients even after a 10‐minute period. However, the positive effect on the energy balance of the tracheal mucosa after prolonged use of the HME remains to be proven. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Preservation of quality of life after intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for early‐stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Results of a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: McMillan Anne S. , Pow Edmond H. N. , Kwong Dora L. W. , Wong May C. M. , Sham Jonathan S. T. , Leung Lucullus H. T. , Leung W. Keung 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground.Xerostomia is a ubiquitous complication after conventional radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) that seriously impairs patient quality of life (QOL). The effect on QOL of parotid‐sparing intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for early‐stage NPC was assessed prospectively.Methods.Thirty‐two patients with T1–2,N0–1,M0 NPC received IMRT. Saliva flow was measured, and the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36 (SF‐36), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) core, and EORTC head and neck module (QLQ‐H&N35) questionnaires were completed at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months after IMRT.Results.Saliva flow recovered to at least 25% of baseline in most cases after 1 year. Physical function, fatigue, and vitality were problems at 2 months and then resolved (p ≤ .002). Global health scales showed continuous improvement in QOL after treatment (p ≤ .004). Xerostomia and sticky saliva were problems 2 months after treatment; thereafter, continuous improvement occurred (p ≤ .001). Xerostomia scores correlated with general aspects of QOL (p ≤ .044).Conclusion.IMRT for early‐stage disease preserved key aspects of QOL, and a reduction in xerostomia symptoms enhanced broader aspects of QOL. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Phase I/II study of S‐1 combined with carboplatin in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer as outpatient chemotherapy
Authors: Watanabe Akihito , Taniguchi Masanobu , Yamashita Tetsuro , Ueda Michihiro , Abe Tatsuya , Kusumi Takaya , Hosokawa Masao , Sasaki Shigeyuki 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground.The aims of this study were to determine the recommended dose (RD) in combination chemotherapy of S‐1 and carboplatin in recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer (phase I) and to examine response rate and toxicities at RD (phase II).Methods.S‐1 was given orally at a fixed dose of 40, 50, or 60 mg twice daily based on the patient's body surface area for 21 days followed by a 14‐day rest. In phase I, carboplatin was given intravenously to a cohort of three patients on day 8 at a dose of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0 area under the curve (AUC) values, depending on the dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs).Results.In phase I, the RD was estimated as 2.5 AUC. In phase II, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were most commonly found as hematologic DLTs, which were manageable without hospitalization. The response rate was 40.9%.Conclusions.This regimen is considered to be active against recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer in an outpatient setting. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Expression of cancer testis antigens in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Figueiredo David L. A. , Mamede Rui C. M. , Proto‐Siqueira Rodrigo , Neder Luciano , Silva Wilson A. , Zago Marco A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground.There is considerable interest in the expression of cancer testis (CT) antigens in human cancers, because they may serve as the basis for diagnostic tests or an immunologic approach to therapy, or as prognostic markers.Methods.On this basis, we evaluated by semiquantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) the expression of genes that code for tumor antigens (melanoma antigen‐1 [MAGE‐1], MAGE‐4, MAGE‐10, MAGE‐12, B melanoma antigen, CTL‐recognized antigen melanoma antigen (CT antigen 2) [LAGE], New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma antigen (CT antigen 1) [NYESO‐1], and preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma [PRAME]) in surgical samples of the tumors, margins, and lymph nodes (when present) from patients with a diagnosis of head and neck carcinoma. The study was conducted on 33 patients (31 men and two women), aged 31 to 94 years (mean, 56 years), with squamous cell carcinomas located in the mouth (15 cases), larynx (14 cases), and pharynx (four cases).Results.The findings were compared with the clinical course and laboratory data. Expression of at least one antigen was observed in 66.6% of cases, with different rates of expression according to tumor staging (100% of T4, 57% of T3, 50% of T1 and T2) and smoking habit. There was a significantly higher expression of multiple genes (two or more) in tumors in advanced stages.Conclusions.We conclude that the tumor‐specific antigen genes are expressed in variable frequencies and intensities in the primary lesions of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and in their metastases, with expression of the PRAME gene being always present in the metastastatic lymph nodes. In primary lesions, gene expression correlated with smoking habit and with advanced tumors with a higher malignant potential, with the frequent expression of two or more of these genes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Heuristic molecular lipophilicity potential (HMLP): Lipophilicity and hydrophilicity of amino acid side chains
Authors: Du Qi‐Shi , Li Da‐Peng , He Wen‐Zhang , Chou Kuo‐Chen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHeuristic molecular lipophilicity potential (HMLP) is applied in the study of lipophilicity and hydrphilcity of 20 natural amino acids side chains. The HMLP parameters, surface area Si, lipophilic indices Li, and hydrophilic indices Hi of amino acid side chains are derived from lipophilicity potential L(r). The parameters are correlated with the experimental data of phase‐transferring free energies of vapor‐to‐water, vapor‐to‐cyclohexane, vapor‐to‐octanol, cyclohexane‐to‐water, octanol‐to‐water, and cyclohexane‐to‐octanol through a linear free energy equation ΔG°tr,i = b0 + b1Si+ + b2Si− + b3Li + b4Hi. For all above six phase‐transfer free energies, the HMLP parameters of 20 amino acid side chains give good calculation results using linear free energy equation. HMLP is an ab initio quantum chemical approach and a structure‐based technique. Except for atomic van der Waals radii, there are no other empirical parameters used. The HMLP has clear physical and chemical meaning and provides useful lipophilic and hydrophilic parameters for the studies of proteins and peptides. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 685–692, 2006
[11C]Methanol production by a fast and mild aqueous‐phase reduction of [11C]formic acid with samarium diiodide
Authors: Roeda Dirk , Dollé Frédéric 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe reduction of [11C]carbon dioxide to [11C]methanol with lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and subsequent conversion into [11C]methyl iodide is a standard way of producing the latter precursor for radiolabelling. However, it suffers from appreciable losses by incomplete reduction giving [11C]formate. We show that samarium diiodide (SmI2) can be used to improve the yield of [11C]methanol by its ability to efficiently reduce [11C]formate to [11C]methanol. This can be done either by making [11C]formate intentionally and treating it with SmI2 or by treating the LiAlH4‐reduced [11C]CO2 with SmI2. In the latter approach, sodium thiosulphate has a similar effect as SmI2. Hydriodic acid was also shown to exert some reducing action on [11C]formate too. [11C]Carbonate is reduced to a small extent by SmI2 under the mild conditions employed. In contrast to the very easy [11C]formate reduction, SmI2 had little effect on [11C]acetate and practically no [11C]ethanol could be produced. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Darwinism—a new paradigm for organizational behavior?
Authors: Nicholson Nigel , White Rod 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe Special Issue reflects a growing interest in Darwinian ideas and their increasing application to work and organizational issues, analyzes factors that have impeded its adoption as a paradigm and considers the prospects for future growth. After a brief introduction to key concepts in the new Darwinism, some histories, and controversies are traced. Causes for the particularly slow uptake of the paradigm in Organizational Behavior (OB) are discussed, as well as some of the common misconceptions and incorrect attributions that have been leveled at evolutionary theory. The paper then overviews the scope and contents of the Special Issue (SI) papers, and concludes by considering future prospects for the field. The authors argue that the paradigm has compelling significance and wide applicability to the full range of OB topics and interests. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resource context contestability and emergent social structure: an empirical investigation of an evolutionary theory
Authors: Pierce Barbara Decker , White Roderick E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractUsing evolutionary theory as its underlying perspective this research explores the relationship between evolved social behaviors; specifically emergent social structures, and the ecology of the social group; specifically the contestability of the resource context. Contexts where resources are clustered, predictable, and visible, and where consumption is delayed are highly contestable. When resources are dispersed, unpredictable, and concealed and consumption is immediate the context is less contestable. In our ancestral environment this variation in resource context posed differing adaptive problems for the formation and maintenance of social groups. Different social structures evolved to solve these different problems. The relationship between contestability of the resource context and emergent social structure was tested in an experiment employing 114 subjects over 21 trials. Individuals operating in a low contestable resource context perceived a more egalitarian, hedonic‐like social structure; those functioning in a high contestable context reported experiencing a more hierarchical, agonic‐like social structure. These findings support the theory that our response to social situations is determined by an endogenous component, our evolved human nature, in combination with an exogenous component, the character of the ecology within which the group forms and functions. While the endogenous component is a product of the evolutionary process and largely beyond the influence of management, the ecological component, the perception of the resource context can be affected by managerial action. Implications for researchers and managers, and areas for continued investigation are explored. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring, reputation, and ‘greenbeard’ reciprocity in a Shuar work team
Authors: Price Michael E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA collective action (CA), i.e., a group of individuals jointly producing a resource to be shared equally among themselves, is a common interaction in organizational contexts. Ancestral humans who were predisposed to cooperate in CAs would have risked being disadvantaged compared to free riders, but could have overcome this disadvantage through ‘greenbeard’ reciprocity, that is, by assessing the extent to which co‐interactants were also predisposed towards cooperation, and then cooperating to the extent that they expected co‐interactants to reciprocate. Assessment of others' cooperativeness could have been based on the direct monitoring of, and on reputational information about, others' cooperativeness. This theory predicts that (1) CA participants should monitor accurately, and (2) perceived higher‐cooperators should have better reputations. These predictions were supported in a study of real‐life CAs carried out by a group of Shuar hunter‐horticulturalists: (1) members accurately distinguished ‘intentional’ non‐cooperators (who could have cooperated but chose not to) from ‘accidental’ non‐cooperators (who were unable to cooperate), and their perceptions of co‐member cooperativeness accurately reflected more objective measures of this cooperativeness; and (2) perceived intentional cooperators had better reputations than perceived intentional non‐cooperators. These results have direct applications in organizational contexts, for example, for increasing cooperativeness in self‐directed work teams. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OCB as a handicap: an evolutionary psychological perspective
Authors: Salamon Sabrina Deutsch , Deutsch Yuval 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this article, we seek to contribute to research on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) by adopting a psychological evolutionary perspective that offers a novel way of interpreting such behaviors. Specifically, drawing on the handicap principle in evolutionary biology, we propose that by demonstrating the ability to bear the burden associated with costly OCBs, organizational members can credibly signal their otherwise unobservable capabilities to others. We develop a model that explores antecedents and outcomes of engaging in costly OCBs and offer avenues for future research within this framework. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Darwinism, behavioral genetics, and organizational behavior: a review and agenda for future research
Authors: Ilies Remus , Arvey Richard D. , Bouchard Thomas J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this article, a case is made for the importance of evolutionary processes and behavioral genetics for organizational behavior. First, we present scientific arguments connecting evolutionary biology and psychology, Darwinian theories, behavioral genetics, and individual differences. Second, we provide a review of behavioral genetics research on constructs relevant to organizational behavior, such as cognitive ability, personality, work attitudes, and leadership. Third, we discuss mechanisms explaining genetic influences on organizational outcomes such as attitudes and leadership. Finally, current issues in behavioral genetics research in general and their implications for organizational behavior are discussed. We also discuss issues specific to conducting research on genetic effects influencing constructs from the organizational realm, and offer suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facial attractiveness, sexual selection, and personnel selection: when evolved preferences matter
Authors: Luxen Marc F. , Van De Vijver Fons J. R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractUsing an evolutionary perspective, we looked at sex differences in the influence of facial attractiveness of applicants in hiring decisions, and determined whether expected contact intensity with applicants and experience in personnel selection moderated this influence. We found effects of evolved preferences regarding mate selection and intrasexual competition when the expected contact intensity was high. People showed a preference for attractive opposite‐sex applicants (mate selection). Furthermore, women preferred female applicants with low attractiveness over female applicants with high attractiveness (intrasexual competition). We found no salient differences between HRM professionals and students. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial trisomy 20p resulting from recombination of a maternal pericentric inversion: case report of a prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling
Authors: Molina‐Gomes D. , Nebout V. , Daikha‐Dahmane F. , Vialard F. , Ville Y. , Selva J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe report a case of prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20p resulting from a maternal pericentric inversion. The diagnosis was confirmed on both chorionic villi and amniotic cells. This case underlines the fact that prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of this structural anomaly is difficult. The only early sonographic feature was increased nuchal translucency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.