bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fortschrittsbericht Lipidperoxydation 1. Mitt. Primärreaktionen
Authors: Mörsel J.‐Th. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNahrungsfette haben für die menschliche Ernährung eine große Bedeutung. Sie unterliegen einer Vielzahl von Verderbsprozessen. Dabei ist die Autoxydation der ungesättigten essentiellen Fettsäuren ein wesentlicher Prozeß. Das primäre Produkt der Oxydation sind die Monohydroperoxide der Fettsäuren, welche auf drei prinzipiell verschiedenen Wegen gebildet werden. Thermische Aktivierung der Fettsäuren führt zu einer thermodynamisch kontrollierten Produktverteilung. Bei der enzymatischen und photochemischen Oxydation werden positionsspezifisch Hydroperoxide gebildet, die auch zur Identifizierung dieser Reaktionstypen dienen können. Die gebildeten Hydroperoxide führen in einem Radikalkettenmechanismus zu einem lawinenartigen Anwachsen des Oxydationsprozesses. Die in den Kettenabbruchsprozessen gebildeten Produkte sind durch unterschiedliche Stabilitäten charakterisiert, worin die Möglichkeit eines Zerfalls mit den entsprechenden Folgereaktionen begründet ist.
A method for the quantitative determination of ω‐3‐polyunsaturated fatty acids by reductive ozonolysis
Authors: Ott K. , Meusel D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere is great interest in the isolation and concentration of ω‐3‐polyunsaturated fatty acids because of their role in coronary heart diseases [1–3]. For that reason suitable methods for determination of such fatty acids are necessary.The analytical determination of ω‐3‐docosahexaenoic and ω‐3‐eicosapentaenoic acid in complex mixtures of unsaturated fatty acids like marine lipids by packed column gaschromatography [4] will not be succesfull, if you want to avoid preseparations [5, 6]. Good results can be achieved by means of capillary gaschromatography [7, 8] and high performance liquid chromatography [9]. In the cases of enrichment it is sufficient to know only the total content of ω‐3‐fatty acids.By means of reductive ozonolytical cleavage used for exploring fatty acids structures [10, 11] every fatty acid family gives characteristic cleavage products at their alkyl ends:
ω‐3 = propanal; ω‐6 = hexanal; ω‐9 = nonanal [12, 13]. Taking that fact in consideration we developed a simple method for the quantitative determination of total ω‐3‐fatty acid content in lipids.
Isolation and identification of trypsin inhibitors from wheat grain, Beta variety
Authors: Mossor G. , Skupin J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was the identification of trypsin inhibitors in wheat grain, Beta variety. These inhibitors in spite of other functional properties belong to the antinutrient substances. According to the elaborated procedure first, the extract showing inhibitory activity was salted out at 30–80% ammonium sulfate saturation. Subsequently the preparation was purified by affinity chromatography with trypsin bound on Sepharose 4B. As result of this treatment a protein which had inhibitory activity 20‐fold stronger than that of the crude extract was obtained. The homogeneity of the preparation was checked by disc electrophoresis. The study showed that the isolated protein was most probably a monomer bound to some carbohydrates.
The influence of a very high straw supply as fibre source on the mineral status of the broiler hen
Authors: Hennig A. , Richter G. , Grün M. , Zander R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe fed broiler breeder hens on a diet according to the standard without and with a straw portion of 19% to test the influence of fibre on the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Cd status. The amount of concentrated feed per animal and day was the same. The trial lasted 4 months. The high straw portion did not influence laying performance, eggshell stability, and the health of animals. The Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Cd contents were not significantly influenced in some reference organs. It can be deduced from these investigations that a very high fibre content in the ration does not influence the mineral status of laying hens in the long run.
Rapeseed protein — polyanion interactions. Soluble complexes between the 2 S protein fraction (napin) and phytic acid
Authors: Mothes R. , Schwenke K. D. , Zirwer D. , Gast K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe formation of electrostatic complexes between the low molecular mass basic rapeseed protein fraction (napin) and phytic acid was studied using turbidimetry, potentiometry, gel chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy.In the first step insoluble “substoichiometric” complexes are formed in which the positive charge of the protein are not completely neutralized. Soluble negatively charged oligomeric complexes are formed with an excess of phytic acid. Protein dimers dominate over the monomer and small amounts of higher oligomers. Dimers and larger soluble aggregates are the main components after heating. The critical phytic acid‐protein ratio for solubilizing the system represents the threshold value for the heat‐stabilizing effect of phytic acid. Complexing with phytic acid does not influence significantly the secondary structure of the protein. Buffers and neutral salts weaken the phytic acid binding to the protein and decrease the molecular mass of the complexes.
Changes in nutrient contents of two Nigerian mushrooms, Termitomyces robustus (Beeli) Heim and Lentinus subnudus Berk, during sporophore development
Authors: Fasidi I. O. , Kadiri M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSamples of mature, young and very young sporophores of Termitomyces robustus (Beeli) Heim and Lentinus subnudus Berk were analyzed for their nutrient contents. The amino acid, protein, glycogen, lipid, sugar, ascorbic acid and ash contents were found to increase from very young to mature sporophores. These food nutrients except the crude fibre were more abundant in the pilei than the stipes. In contrast, the mineral elements did not show any definite trend in the sporophores investigated. However potassium was the most abundant followed by phosphorus and magnesium in that decreasing order. Manganese was the least abundant in the sporophores. It is clear from this study that T. robustus and L. subnudus would compared favourably with other well‐known nutritious mushrooms.
Quality characteristics of sunflower Halawa
Authors: Damir A. A. , Abdel‐Nabey A. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChemical analysis showed that sunflower halawa contained higher crude ether extract than sesame halawa, while the protein, ash and crude fiber were practically similar in both. The chemical analysis emphasized the high energy value of sunflower halawa (23.3 kJ/g). The in vitro digestibility of sunflower and sesame halawas amounted to 98.9% and 98.4%, being close to that of casein (99.6%). Oil separation in sunflower halawa was followed during storage at room temperature. Although the peroxide value of sunflower halawa oil increased with prolonged storage time, rancid taste was not detected.Sensory evaluation showed no significant difference between sunflower and sesame halawas, except that the former was dark in colour. The introduction of 50% of each of sunflower and sesame tahinas in halawa manufacture is suggested to improve the quality characteristics as a means of doubling its production and reduction of importation of sesame seeds.
Effect of radiation and soaking on trypsin inhibitor and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)
Authors: Sattar Abdus , Atta S. , Akhtar M. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractComposition of Ascochyta‐blight resistant chickpea for proximate components, vitamins, energy and trypsin inhibitor, was determined. The influence of irradiation and soaking at ambient temperatures (25–35°C) on trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein content of chickpea, was investigated. A significant linear relation (r = −0.960 to −0.987) was found between the loss of TIA and soaking time of irradiated and unirradiated seeds (p < 0.05) and the rate of loss increased with increasing radiation dose (0.25–1.00 kGy). However, effect of radiation alone was negligible. Maximum decrease (30.7%) in TIA (from 330.0 to 228.6 TIU/g) occurred during soaking for 12 h of 1.00 kGy sample. The protein contents increased from an initial value of 21.7% to 23.4% and 22.7% as a result of soaking for 12 h in tap and distilled waters respectively. Radiation treatment exhibited little or no effect.
Structure of protein texturates obtained by thermoplastic extrusion
Authors: Yuryev V. P. , Zasypkin D. V. , Alexeyev V. V. , Genin Ya. V. , Ezernitskaya M. G. , Tolstoguzov V. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe structure of texturates of moistened proteins (0.33 g water per 1 g protein) obtained by thermoplastic extrusion was investigated using X‐ray scattering, differential IR‐spectroscopy, optical microscopy and mechanical cut testing. Texturates were cooled at the output of the extruder using additional die preventing explosionlike evaporation of water. It was shown that textures of individual proteins (ovalbumin and BSA) had amorphous isotropic structure, whereas texturates of soybean protein isolates (SPI) exhibited mechanically anisotropic amorphous structure. The fraction of β‐sheet structure in polypeptide chains increased during extrusion process. Besides non‐covalent interactions and S‐S bonds other covalent bindings are suggested to stabilize texturate structure. The obtained data was used to discuss possible mechanisms leading to the creation of fibrous texturates.
Volatile components in the essential oil of wild oregano (Coleus amboinicus Lour.)
Authors: Pino J. , Rosado A. , Borges P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe essential oil of Coleus amboinicus Lour. plants, growing in Cuba, was investigated by means of LSC, GLC and GC‐MS. A total of 20 components were identified, including 13 terpene hydrocarbons and 7 oxygenated compounds. The oil contained about 64% carvacrol.
Fortschrittsbericht Was kann man von einer „funktionellen Pränataltoxikologie”︁ erwarten?
Authors: Bleyl D. W. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie angewendete und geforderte Untersuchungsstrategie in der Pränataltoxikologie läßt heute nach wie vor weitgehend eine Überbetonung von Teilaspekten erkennen, obwohl hier genauso wie in der Postnataltoxikologie die ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweise (in diesem Fall die F1‐Generation in ihren verschiedenen prä‐ und postnatalen Entwicklungsphasen) zu fordern ist. Daher erschien es dringend notwendig, die bestehenden Möglichkeiten funktioneller Untersuchungsmethoden auf dem Gebiet der Pränataltoxikologie zusammenzutragen und ihre Aussagekraft sowie Empfindlichkeit mit klassischen morphologischen Methoden zu vergleichen. Als Fazit wird die routinemäßige Einführung von klinisch‐funktionellen Untersuchungen gefordert.
Inactivation of trypsin inhibitor, lectin and urease in soybean by hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Petres J. , Senkalszky‐Akos E. , Czukor B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of hydrothermal treating parameters on trypsin inhibitor (TI), lectin and urease activities in whole soybean seeds were investigated by Response Surface Analysis (RSA). Independent variables with equidistant levels examined in this study were the following: treating temperature (levels: 70, 85 and 100°C), treating time (levels: 10, 30 and 50 min), and soaking time (2, 4 and 6 h). The functions between treating parameters and responses values of TI, lectin and urease activities in treated soybean were calculated by multiple, non‐linear regression analysis and analysis of variance.Mathematical models were developed in this study to predict TI, lectin and urease activities in soybean during hydrothermal processing and they have been found to be significant (P[%] = 0.1, 1.0, and 0.1, respectively). Differences between the effects of processing parameters on the inactivation of TI, lectin and urease in soybean were observed and they can be seen either from the mathematical models or the typical figures.The modeling of the effects should help in selection of optimal parameters of hydrothermal treatment for destruction of TI. lectin and urease in soybean. Based on the modeling, lectin and urease can be fully inactivated in soybean treated at proper conditions, while remaining TI activity can be expected in soybean treated at any conditions examined in this study.
Accumulation of diflubenzuron in bolti fish Orechromis niloticus
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Tawfic , Eid Abdel Hamid 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOrechromis niloticus fingerlings were exposed to the insect growth inhibitor diflubenzuron 1‐(2, 6‐Difluorobenzoyl)3‐(4‐chlorophenyl)urea for 21 days. Diflubenzuron was introduced to the aquariums where fish were maintained at the beginning of the experiment, then its level in water, gills and liver was detected after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days. The fish accumulated diflubenzuron 76 and 99 times greater than the water content when kept in an ambient concentration of 2.5 and 5 mg/l, respectively, indicating a low bioaccumulation potential. Some degradation products of diflubenzuron were found mainly in liver and water.
Some pathological and biochemical studies on experimental ascaridiasis in chickens
Authors: Ramadan Hamdia H. , Znada Najwah Y. Abou 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDuring studying the pathogenicity of Ascaridia galli for young Ross‐Broiler chickens fed with single doses of 100, 200 and 500 infective eggs, it was found that the infected chickens showed variable decreases in body weight gain and increases in the ratio of liver weight relative to body weight when compared with the control. Both decrease and increase was proportionally related with the number of infective eggs given to the chickens.Biochemical analysis of muscle and liver tissue of the previous groups of chickens showed a decrease in both glycogen and protein content and an increase in fat content of muscle and liver of infected chickens when compared with those of normal tissues. The decrease in the glycogen content due to ascaridiasis was mostly apparent in case of 500 egg dose and that of the protein content was noted with the egg doses of 200 and 500. Each of the three egg doses showed a significant increase in the fat content of the muscle and liver of infected chickens when compared with the control.After the sixth week of infection chickens fed with 500 eggs showed emaciation, loss of colour of combs and legs and of brightness of plumage, diarrhoea, drooping wings, ruffled feathers and a gradual loss of strength manifested by leg weakness. At autopsy, the small intestine showed external macroscopic lesions of haemorrhage and congestion. Intestinal obstruction with adult Ascaridia galli was also found in the infected birds.
Application of glycerol to freezing bovine pancreas Part 2. Effects of glycerol and grinding on frozen pancreas quality
Authors: Hajduk E. , Fik M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEffects of glycerol on the quality of ground and whole pancreas stored frozen at ‐30 °C were studied. The quality was assessed from quantitative changes in soluble proteins, proteolytic enzyme activity, and insulin content. Grinding was found to enhance the effects of the cryoprotector due to its uniform distribution in the tissue. A relationship between proteolytic enzyme activity and protein solubility was demonstrated.
Application of polysaccharide enzymes in sugar cane bagasse
Authors: Ayyad K. , El‐Makhazangy A. , Siliha H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCommercial cellulase, hemicellulase, and pectinase enzymes were applied to hydrolyse sugar cane bagasse. Cell wall polysaccharides of this substrate were hydrolysed extensively. Maximum hydrolysis is obtained when commercial hemicellulase and pectinase are combined with cellulases. The digests were chromatographed by high performance liquid chromatography in order to obtain information upon the structure features of bagasse polysaccharides.
Biochemical studies of some non‐conventional sources of protein. Part 5. Extraction and characterization of protein from fenugreek seed (Trigonella foenum L.)
Authors: Osman M. Khalil , Simon L. Sarkadi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractProtein concentrates were prepared from fenugreek seeds by extraction with distilled water, salt solution and alkaline solution. Alkaline solution resulted in the highest extraction yield (82%). The protein concentrate has a good digestibility (over 90%) as determined by in vitro enzymatic method. The protein is rich in lysine (6.51%) but poor in sulphur‐containing amino acids such as methionine (0.71%), cystine (1.09%) and tryptophan (1.03%).
Biochemical effect of chocolate colouring and flavouring like substances on thyroid function and protein biosynthesis
Authors: El‐Saadany S. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSynthetic chocolate colourant, flavourant and the mixture of both were administered to healthy adult male albino rats to evaluate their effect on the nucleic acids metabolism, i.e. deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids (DNA and RNA), total serum protein, thyroid hormons (T4 and T3) and nuclease enzymes, i.e. cytoplasmic‐ and mitochondrial deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (DNase and RNase) in brain, liver, and kidneys. Also, the activity of the fundamental enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, i.e. cytoplasmic and mitochondrial glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD and 6‐PGD), as well as total lipids and cholesterol contents in the same organs were studied.Ingestion of the studied food additives significantly increased serum protein, RNA and T4 hormon, while, DNA and T3 hormon were insignificantly elevated. In connection with this, the hydrolytic enzymes of nucleic acids (DNase and RNase activities) were stimulated by all studied food additives and in all mentioned organs. The activity of G‐6‐PD and 6‐PGD in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions of all studied organs were increased. The highest increase was noticed in rats fed on diets supplemented with the mixture of both colourant and flavourant followed by colourant then flavourant, respectively.
Metal content in certain food products
Authors: Krelowska‐Kulas M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of the researches was the determination of the lead, cadmium, iron, copper and zinc content in selected food products available in everyday life in the city of Cracow. It was found that all food products contain lead and cadmium contaminations. The trace element content in the Polish food products was within the range of values obtained by other authors.
Zum Einfluß einiger Proteine auf die Gehalte von Rotweinen an einigen Metallen
Authors: Arvanitoyannis I. , Fronimos P. , Embeoglou I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Gehalt von Wein an einigen Metallen (Zn,Cu,Ca,Fe) spielt für dessen Qualität eine Rolle. Es wird deshalb der Einfluß der zugesetzten Menge und der Einwirkungsdauer von drei repräsentativen Proteinen (Casein, Gelatine, Blut) auf die Metallgehalte in Wein untersucht. Während es durch den Proteinzusatz zu einer Erhöhung der Gehalte des Weines an Zink und Calcium kommt, nehmen die Gehalt an Eisen und Kupfer, die zu Trübungen führen können, ab.
Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity in rats fed diets containing fish proteins
Authors: van Lith H. A. , Zhang X. , Haller M. , Beynen A. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA dietary supplement of fish paste, when compared with meat paste, has been shown to lower pseudo(butyryl)cholinesterase activity in the plasma of humans [1]. In rats, dietary fish oil produces increased activities of plasma butyrylcholinesterase [2]. This implies that either rats and man respond differently to fish oil or that the observed effect of the fish paste [1] is not related to its oil content. One hypothesis that may be advanced is that fish protein lowers butyrylcholinesterease activity and thus counteracts the influence of the fish oil. In the course of a study with rats on the effects of dietary fish proteins on cholesterol metabolism of rats, we had the opportunity to test this hypothesis. In addition to plasma butyrylcholinesterase, we also measured plasma esterase‐1 (ES‐1).
Prediction of total body lipid from total body water in rats. Part 2. In vivo estimation of total body lipid by tritium water dilution
Authors: Zahn L. , Freund R. , Noack R. , Erhardt V. , Augustin W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBody composition data estimated for normal young, normal adult, and adult obese Wistar rats by a tritiated water (THO) dilution procedure (b. wt. range 119–237 g, n=31; 305–597 g, n=43; 274–381 g, n=6) were compared with the results of whole body analysis.As for the predicted total body lipid (TBL), the content was calculated from the virtual THO‐dilution space estimated by a simple micro‐method and a regression equation between TBL [%] and DM [%] (dry matter) content (Part 1. Relations between directly measured major body components. Nahrung 35 (1991) 581.Due to different degrees of overestimations in the animal groups examined, the THO‐space can be corrected via subtraction of 3.8 %, 2.2 % and 1.1 % in the sequence young, obese, and adult groups. The derived TBL [%] data show a non‐significant deviation of less than 1 g/100 g b. wt. in comparison to the three group means after direct lipid determinations.In the best case, i. e. after the additional elimination of extremely overestimated values for total body water (outliers) the combined tritium‐derived lipid values (y) are correlated with the lipid data obtained analytically (x), both as proportion of the body weight, by the regression equation y = 0.848 + 0.963 x, r=0.985, sy·x=1.77, n=58.For a group of young rats (n=14) after a pre‐experimental supplementation with a sucrose solution, TBL values, not significantly different from analytically determined ones, could be calculated without any corrections.
Zur digitalen Bildverarbeitung in der Lebensmittel‐ und Ernährungswissenschaft
Authors: Fromhold‐Treu I. , Kozerke W. , Erhardt V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie rechnergestützte Auswertung von Bildinformationen gewinnt in der Lebensmittel‐ und Ernährungswissenschaft zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zur Bearbeitung bieten sich vor allem Aufgaben aus den Bereichen der Objekt‐ und der Strukturanalyse an. In dieser Arbeit wird ein kurzer Überblick über Aufgabenstellungen am Zentralinstitut für Ernährung gegeben, die mit Hilfe der automatischen Bildanalyse gelöst wurden oder an deren Lösung gearbeitet wird.
The content of crude glucosides and glucosinolates in Japanese rapeseed varieties
Authors: Amarowicz R. , Shimoyamada M. , Okubo K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe best investigated group of rapeseed glucosides are the glucosinolates [4, 6, 8]. In previous studies there were also revealed other glucoside compounds in rapeseed [1]. Separating ethanol rapeseed extract (earlier purified by separation from water phase to butanol) on Sephadex LH‐20 column 3 sugar maxima and 6 maxima in UV (235 nm) were found in the elution profile.As glucosides, including glucosinolates, are biologically active, it was decided to investigate their presence in Japanese rapeseed varieties of rapeseed.