bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wireless continuous single‐lead ST‐segment monitoring to detect new‐onset myocardial injury at the general ward—An exploratory subanalysis
Authors: Starling Jonathan Attilla Koefoed , Haahr‐Raunkjaer Camilla , Rasmussen Søren S. , Ekenberg Luna , Loft Frederik Cornelius , Meyhoff Christian Sylvest , Aasvang Eske Kvanner 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients admitted for acute medical conditions and major noncardiac surgery are at risk of myocardial injury. This is frequently asymptomatic, especially in the context of concomitant pain and analgesics, and detection thus relies on cardiac biomarkers. Continuous single‐lead ST‐segment monitoring from wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) may enable more timely intervention, but criteria for alerts need to be defined to reduce false alerts. This study aimed to determine optimal ST‐deviation thresholds from wireless single‐lead ECG for detection of myocardial injury following major abdominal cancer surgery and during acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients were monitored with a wireless single‐lead ECG patch for up to 4 days and had daily troponin measurements. Single‐lead ST‐segment deviations of <0.255 mV and/or >0.245 mV (based on previous study comparison with 0.1 mV 12‐lead ECG and variation in single‐lead ECG) were analyzed for relation to myocardial injury defined as hsTnT elevation of 20–64 ng/L with an absolute change of ≥5 ng/L, or a hsTnT level ≥ 65 ng/L. In total, 528 patients were included for analysis, of which 15.5% had myocardial injury. For corrected ST‐thresholds lasting ≥10 and ≥ 20 min, we found specificities of 91% and 94% and sensitivities of 17% and 13% with odds ratios of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.1; 3.9) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.1; 5.1) for myocardial injury. In conclusion, wireless single‐lead ECG monitoring with corrected ST thresholds detected patients developing myocardial injury with specificities >90% and sensitivities <20%, suggesting increased focus on sensitivity improvement.
Epidemiology of brief resolved unexplained events and impact of clinical practice guidelines in general and pediatric emergency departments
Authors: Nama Nassr , DeLaroche Amy M. , Neuman Mark I. , Mittal Manoj K. , Herman Bruce E. , Hochreiter Daniela , Kaplan Ron L. , Stephans Allayne , Tieder Joel S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the incidence of brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) and compare the impact of a national clinical practice guideline (CPG) on admission and diagnostic testing practices between general and pediatric emergency departments (EDs).MethodsUsing the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2012–2019, we conducted a cross‐sectional study of children <1 year of age with an International Classification of Diseases diagnostic code for BRUE. Population incidence rate was estimated using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention birth data. ED incidence rate was estimated for all ED encounters. We used interrupted time series to evaluate the associated impact of the CPG publication on the outcomes of ED disposition (discharge, admission, and transfer) and electrocardiogram (ECG) use.ResultsOf 133,972 encounters for BRUE, 80.0% occurred in general EDs. BRUE population incidence was 4.28 per 1000 live births and the annual incidence remained stable (p = 0.19). BRUE ED incidence was 5.06 per 1000 infant ED encounters (p = 0.14). The impact of the BRUE CPG on admission rates was limited to pediatric EDs (level shift −23.3%, p = 0.002). Transfers from general EDs did not change with the CPG (level shift 2.2%, p = 0.17). After the CPG was published, ECGs increased by 13.7% in pediatric EDs (p = 0.005) but did not change in general EDs (level shift −0.2%, p = 0.82).ConclusionsBRUEs remain a common pediatric problem at a population level and in EDs. Although a disproportionate number of infants present to general EDs, there is differential uptake of the CPG recommendations between pediatric and general EDs. These findings may support quality improvement opportunities aimed at improving care for these infants and decreasing unnecessary hospital admissions or transfers.
Improving accuracy of outcome prediction for infants born extremely preterm using a digital tool: Translating ‘NIC‐PREDICT’ into clinical practice, the first steps
Authors: Boland Rosemarie A. , Cheong Jeanie L.Y. , Stewart Michael J. , Kane Stefan C. , Doyle Lex W. 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMany clinicians overestimate mortality and disability rates in infants born extremely preterm. We developed a digital tool (‘NIC‐PREDICT’) that predicts infant mortality and survival with and without major disability in infants born 23–27 weeks' gestation.AimsTo determine if clinicians could use NIC‐PREDICT accurately, and if their perceptions of infant outcomes improved after its release in 2021.Materials and MethodsMidwives, nurses, obstetricians, neonatologists and paediatricians working in tertiary and non‐tertiary hospitals in Victoria were asked to use NIC‐PREDICT to estimate three mutually exclusive outcomes: (i) mortality; (ii) survival free of major disability; and (iii) survival with major disability for six different scenarios where a liveborn infant was offered survival‐focused care after birth. The proportions who completed the survey (responded to all six scenarios) and the proportions able to provide 100% accurate results for all scenarios were determined. Estimates of the three outcomes were compared with true rates.ResultsA total of 85 clinicians responded: 70 (82%) completed the survey, with an overall accuracy of 76%. Overall, predictions of mortality were accurate (mean difference from true value 0.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.7, 2.1) P = 0.33), as were predictions of survival without major disability (mean difference − 0.7 (95% CI –3.0, 1.7) P = 0.58). However, survival with major disability was overestimated by 4.9% ((95% CI 1.7, 8.0) P = 0.003).ConclusionsMost perinatal clinicians who responded used NIC‐PREDICT correctly to estimate expected outcomes in infants born extremely preterm who are offered intensive care. Undue pessimism about survival with major disability remains an ongoing concern.
Top Management Team Incentive Dispersion and Managerial Efficiency
Authors: Xu Hongkang , Kalelkar Rachana , Liu Long 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the association between dispersion in pay‐performance sensitivities (PPS) among top management team (TMT) members and managerial efficiency. While prior research has focused on managerial efficiency as an innate characteristic of managers, this study explores how managerial incentive dispersion shapes managerial efficiency. Using a sample of US firms from 1993 to 2019, we find a negative relationship between TMT incentive dispersion and managerial efficiency, suggesting that higher levels of incentive dispersion can potentially affect managerial efficiency by reducing coordination and cooperation among TMT members. We employ a range of robustness tests and find consistent and robust results. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on executive compensation by providing novel insights into the implications of incentive dispersion among executives for managerial efficiency.
Cryonics: Traps and transformations
Authors: Story Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCryonics is the practice of cryopreserving the bodies or brains of legally dead individuals with the hope that these individuals will be reanimated in the future. A standard argument for cryonics says that cryonics is prudentially justified despite uncertainty about its success because at worst it will leave you no worse off than you otherwise would have been had you not chosen cryonics, and at best it will leave you much better off than you otherwise would have been. Thus, it is a good, no‐risk bet; in game‐theoretic terms, cryonics is a weakly dominant strategy relative to refraining from utilizing cryonics. I object to this argument for two reasons. First, I argue that there is a practically relevant chance that cryonics will put you into an inescapable and very bad situation. Hence, cryonics is neither a no‐risk bet nor a weakly dominant strategy. Second, I argue that the experience of being reanimated and living in the distant future would likely be transformative, and this likelihood undermines your justification for thinking that reanimation would be beneficial to you. I conclude that the standard argument does not show that cryonics is prudentially justified.
Individual differences in working memory predict the efficacy of experimenter‐manipulated gestures in first‐grade children
Authors: Congdon Eliza L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhy is instructional gesture ineffective in some contexts? And what is it about learners that predicts whether they will learn from gestures? This between‐subjects linear measurement training study compares gesture instruction to two controls—operant action and transient action—in a diverse sample of first‐grade students (N = 174, Mage = 7.01 years; Nfemale = 84; Nmale = 90, 10% Latinx‐identified; 70% White; 6% Black; 6% Asian; 18% multiple racial categories, Mincome = $59,750, SDincome ≈ $25,000; data collected 03/16–03/19). Results show that instructor‐manipulated gestures may be less effective than demonstrative actions in part because they are iterative and do not leave a lasting trace. Verbal working memory, but not spatial, positively predicted an ability to learn from gesture and transient action in children with the lowest context knowledge.
Reduced kinase function in two ultra‐rare TNNI3K variants in families with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia
Authors: Pham Caroline , Koopmann Tamara T. , Vinocur Jeffrey M. , Blom Nico A. , Nogueira Silbiger Vivian , Mittal Kirti , Bootsma Marianne , Palm Kaylin C. A. , Clur Sally‐Ann B. , Barge‐Schaapveld Daniela Q. C. M. , Hamilton Robert M. , Lodder Elisabeth M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenetic missense variants in TNNI3K, encoding troponin‐I interacting kinase, have been associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and observed in families with supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). Previously, a family harboring the TNNI3K‐c.1615A > G (p.Thr539Ala) variant presented with congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (CJET), an arrhythmia that arises from the atrioventricular (AV) node and His bundle. However, this was a relatively small four‐generational family with limited genetic testing (N = 3). We here describe a multigenerational family with CJET harboring a novel ultra‐rare TNNI3K variant: TNNI3K‐c.1729C > T (p.Leu577Phe). Of all 18 variant carriers, 13 individuals presented with CJET, resulting in a genetic penetrance of 72%. In addition, CJET is reported in another small family harboring TNNI3K‐c.2225C > T (p.Pro742Leu). Similar to the previously published CJET family, both TNNI3K variants demonstrate a substantial reduction of kinase activity. Our study contributes novel evidence supporting the involvement of TNNI3K genetic variants as significant contributors to CJET, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying this cardiac arrhythmia.
Urbanization and adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in the rural‐urban interface of Bangalore, India
Authors: Preusse Verena , Nölke Nils , Wollni Meike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUrban expansion often takes place on the most productive agricultural lands, affecting how the remaining agricultural land is used. Evidence on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in urbanizing areas is scarce and mostly based on cross‐sectional data. Cross‐sectional studies, however, cannot reflect the dynamics of urbanization and adoption. We use household panel data from 2017 and 2020 to analyze the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among peri‐urban farmers in Bangalore, India, a rapidly urbanizing region. We focus on practices for water and erosion management, integrated pest management and soil fertility management, and an integrated package of sustainable practices. Using random effects probit models with the Mundlak approach, we consider various factors besides urbanization, including exposure to weather variability, awareness of climate change, connection with institutional actors, and household and farm characteristics. Results show that urbanization, measured as changes in the percentage of built‐up area, reduces the probability that farmers adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Like prior studies, we find that wealth indicators, market access, knowledge of climate change, and rainfall variability facilitate adoption. However, contact with institutional actors largely reduces farmers’ probability of adoption. Policies should promote the integration of sustainable farming technologies at the institutional level and in information and training programs to achieve sustainable intensification of peri‐urban agriculture.
Monetary incentives to improve tax compliance: A Brazilian case study
Authors: Tonetto Jorge Luis , Fochezatto Adelar , Pique Josep Miquel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivationTo enhance tax education and increase citizen participation in combatting tax evasion, monetary incentives may be used. In December (2021), the state government of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil launched the Receita Certa project. It aims to encourage new taxpayer habits, by refunding part of the tax collected by retailers on consumption back to citizens, contingent on its performance exceeding inflation rates. Taxpayers add their tax identification to receipts and request redemption every three months.PurposeWe analyse the impact of the Receita Certa project on the behaviour of consumers as taxpayers.MethodsWe evaluate the impacts of Receita Certa using difference‐in‐differences. The response variables are the monthly number and value of electronic receipts issued to beneficiaries. The treatment group consists of citizens eligible for the refund in its introduction month, while the remainder constitute the control group. The database includes receipts issued to 3.4 million taxpayers who added their tax identification to the receipt — spanning 11 months before and 18 months after the initiative, began resulting in 46.7 million records.FindingsThe Receita Certa proved ineffective, as it led to fewer tax documents issued. Distributing resources widely to many users does not seem the best solution, both in cost and results. Distribution goes first and foremost to people on higher incomes since they got larger prizes: the smaller prizes of people on lower incomes were often not claimed. The programme made tax more regressive. The programme was also costly.Policy implicationsStates that have a large tax gap need to improve their control systems. Initiatives like the Receita Certa that return resources widely to taxpayers to reduce tax evasion are widespread. Given the results shown, Receita Certa needs rethinking.
“If You Say You Believe This, Then Why Did You Vote Like That?”: Reasoning as Questioning in Dialogue
Authors: Wahl Rachel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article draws on the philosophical work on dialogic rationality offered by Charles Taylor as well as qualitative studies of dialogues between politically opposed college students to argue that these conversations succeed as tools of democracy precisely because they fail as interventions. That is, the democratic strength of such dialogue is the way in which it is unreliable as a means of producing particular outcomes. Students whose political views eventually shifted partly in response to dialogue understood this not as a process of changing their commitments, but rather of finding a better expression for the commitments they already held. But the interviews show, too, just how rare it is for such shifts to occur at all, at least for these students in a period of political polarization and mutual distrust. The interviews suggest as well that the appeal to already shared ground is not the whole story of what prompts people to change their minds in these kinds of conversations. Rather the asking of direct but respectful questions was a crucial ingredient. Finally, dialogue did not independently cause the most profound changes in political views. Instead, it was the direction of students' lives that over time shifted their outlook. Their dialogue experience then gained meaning in retrospect, as the beginning of a process of self‐questioning that was brought to fruition only later, as a first time that they had heard alternative possibilities for how value commitments can be expressed through politics.
Phenomenology is explanatory: Science and metascience
Authors: Williams Heath , Byrne Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis essay disambiguates the relationship between phenomenology and explanation, whereby we uncover a fundamentally new way to understand the function of phenomenology within the sciences. These objectives are accomplished in two stages. First, we propose an original way to interpret Husserl's claim that his phenomenology is non‐explanatory. We demonstrate, contra accepted interpretations, that Husserl did not think phenomenology is non‐explanatory, because it is descriptive or because it does not deal with causes. Instead, we demonstrate that Husserl concluded that phenomenology is non‐explanatory, because it engages in a dialectical process of conceptual clarification. To substantiate this interpretation, we examine how Husserl understood the function of explanation in three different tiers of standard science and how he grasped the role of phenomenology in pure logic. Having properly clarified Husserl's conclusion—that phenomenology is non‐explanatory—we then execute our second task, namely to challenge just that idea. We argue that Husserl has—despite his claims to the contrary—de facto and inadvertently described his phenomenology as an explanatory nomological science. Our paper therefore not only clears up a longstanding misinterpretation of Husserl, but opens a new area of debate concerning the status of phenomenology within the scientific nexus.
An evaluation of remote child custody mediation in San Mateo County, California
Authors: Ni Daisy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic forced courts to virtualize proceedings almost overnight, resulting in both an array of new technological tools as well as important questions about their long‐term effects. This article studies the impact of the shift from in‐person to remote child custody and visitation mediation in San Mateo County, California. Through surveys with parents, interviews with mediators and parents, and participation and outcome data, it captures the early experiences and results associated with remote mediation. The findings suggest that while remote mediation can offer benefits such as accessibility, comfort, and safety, other challenges persist. The study seeks to enable courts to better understand the obstacles and opportunities that arise from online platforms and inform future policy‐making on the use of technology in their practices.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: a new, principle‐centered paradigm for managing a dynamic disease
Authors: Wyant W. Austin , Manjaly Priya , Orlowski Gregory M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating skin condition that disproportionately affects socioeconomically underserved patients. Currently, treatment outcomes for patients with HS remain poor, largely because of a deficiency in current guidelines on exactly how and when to employ the myriad treatment tools, resulting in heterogeneous care models and confusion. Aggressive medical therapy is often started too late, pursued for too long whilst delaying procedural intervention, or skipped over altogether for procedures. Here, we propose a new, principle‐centered management paradigm for HS that emphasizes the need for prompt intervention to minimize suffering and an understanding of how sinus tract development dictates the timing of medical and procedural interventions.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals the altered innate immunity in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related myocarditis
Authors: Lou Bowen , Guo Manyun , Zheng Tao , Liu Junhui , Wang Chen , Chen Tao , Chen Fangyuan , Fan Xiaojuan , Gao Shanshan , Liang Xiao , Qiang Hua , Li Lijuan , Zhou Bo , Yuan Zuyi , She Jianqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMyocarditis has emerged as a rare but lethal immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐associated toxicity. However, the exact mechanism and the specific therapeutic targets remain underexplored. In this study, we aim to characterise the transcriptomic profiles based on single‐cell RNA sequencing from ICI‐related myocarditis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were collected from four groups for single‐cell RNA sequencing: (1) patients with newly diagnosed lung squamous cell carcinoma before treatment (Control Group); (2) patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma with PD‐1 inhibitor therapy who did not develop myocarditis (PD‐1 Group); (3) patients during fulminant ICI‐related myocarditis onset (Myocarditis Group); and (4) Patients with fulminant ICI‐related myocarditis during disease remission (Recovery Group). Subcluster determination, functional analysis, single‐cell trajectory and cell–cell interaction analysis were performed after scRNA‐seq. Bulk‐RNA sequencing was performed for further validation. Our results revealed the diversity of cellular populations in ICI‐related myocarditis, marked by their distinct transcriptional profiles and biological functions. Monocytes, NKs as well as B cells contribute to the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation in ICI‐related myocarditis. With integrated analysis of scRNA‐seq and bulk sequencing, we identified S100A protein family as a potential serum marker for ICI‐related myocarditis. Our study has created a cell atlas of PBMC during ICI‐related myocarditis, which would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ICI‐related myocarditis in continuous exploration.
A practical approach for dealing with hard knapsack problems using general‐purpose integer programming software
Authors: Song Myung Soon , Lin Pei Hua , Lu Yun , Shively‐Ertas Emre , Vasko Francis J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral articles dealing with the generation of hard 0‐1 knapsack problems (KPs) have given rise to 13,940 KP instances being made available for empirical testing. These KPs are typically solved using algorithms specifically designed to solve hard KPs. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that two general‐purpose integer programming software packages using default parameter settings and a standard PC can successfully be used to generate optimal or guaranteed near‐optimal solutions for these 13,940 KP instances. Over 97% of the 13,940 instances have solutions generated that are guaranteed to be within 0.01% of optimum in less than 1 minute and a practical strategy for dealing with the other 3% is presented. Additionally, 3240 of the most difficult KPs were generated based on 6 parameters. Statistical analyses for predicting which values for these six parameters result in difficult‐to‐solve KPs based on the software used will be discussed. These results will be of particular interest to operations research practitioners who need to efficiently solve hard KPs related to real‐world applications.