bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote ischaemic preconditioning of the hind limb reduces experimental liver warm ischaemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Kanoria S , Jalan R , Davies N A , Seifalian A M , Williams R , Davidson B R 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
Direct ischaemic preconditioning of the liver reduces ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) of a limb has been shown to reduce IRI to the heart. This study determined the effect of brief remote ischaemia to the limb in reducing early liver warm IRI.

Methods
Twenty-eight male rabbits were allocated to four groups: sham operated, RIPC alone, IRI alone, and RIPC plus IRI. RIPC was induced in the leg with a tourniquet, before liver IRI, by three alternate cycles of 10 min ischaemia followed by 10 min reperfusion. Liver IRI was produced by total inflow occlusion for 25 min. Markers of liver injury and systemic and hepatic haemodynamics were measured for 2 h after reperfusion.

Results
At 2 h, IRI alone was associated with increased serum levels of aminotransferases, and reduced mean arterial blood pressure, hepatic blood flow and peripheral oxygen saturation. There was significant improvement in these variables in animals that had RIPC before liver IRI, and hepatic venous nitrate/nitrite levels were also significantly higher.

Conclusion
In this experimental model RIPC appeared to reduce liver IRI.
A Series of Unconjugated Ferrocenyl Phenols: Prospects as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hillard Elizabeth , Vessières Anne , Le Bideau Franck , Plażuk Damian , Spera Daniela , Huché Michel , Jaouen Gérard 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe recently reported that a ferrocenyl diphenol butene derivative showed a very strong cytotoxic effect on both hormone‐dependent and ‐independent breast cancer cell lines. In order to obtain more information about the structure–activity relationship in the cytotoxicity of small ferrocene compounds, we have prepared a series of simple unconjugated ferrocenyl diphenol complexes (ortho,para; meta,para; para,para). These compounds retain a reasonable to good affinity for both estrogen receptor types, with higher values for the β form, and superior binding for the para,para diphenol complex (RBA=28 %). In vitro these complexes exhibit significant cytotoxic effects on hormone‐independent prostate (PC3) and breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB231), with IC50 values between 2.5 and 4.1 μM. This effect is more marked with PC3, the ortho,para diphenol complex proving the most effective. On the hormone‐dependent MCF7 breast cancer cell line, the observed effect seems to be the result of two components, one cytotoxic (antiproliferative), the other estrogenic (proliferative). Electrochemical studies show that the cytotoxic effect of the complexes correlates with the ease of oxidation of the ferrocene group. All these complexes are much less cytotoxic than the ferrocenyl diphenol butene derivative.
CMS proposed revisions to conditions to participation: Part II—patient care
Authors: Levy Ralph 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn February 2005 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) released proposed conditions of coverage that must be met by all dialysis facilities in order to be reimbursed by the CMS for services provided to federally insured patients. If adopted, these proposed regulations would replace entirely the conditions of coverage as promulgated by CMS in 1976. Part I of this article, which appeared in the March issue of D&T, discussed the (less controversial) patient safety provisions of these proposed regulations. This, the second installment of this three‐part discussion, addresses the far‐reaching provisions of the proposed conditions relative to patient care. Next month, the final installment of this series will address the administrative provisions of the proposed regulations.
Anemia following renal transplantation: Find it and treat it
Authors: Bihl Geoffrey R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuestion: A 34‐year‐old female patient received a cadaveric kidney transplant 22 months ago, and her serum creatinine is 2.2 dL. Despite an extensive workup for persistent anemia, her hemoglobin remains below 9 g/dL. Where to now? This article investigates the reasons anemia post‐transplant occurs, and explores its consequences and treatment options.
Effect of mutual coupling and manufacturing error of array for DOA estimation of ESPRIT algorithm
Authors: Inoue Yuki , Arai Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWith direction‐of‐arrival estimation by the ESPRIT method, this paper investigates the effect of short spacing between the transmitter and receiver and of mutual coupling and array manufacturing error on the estimation error. A simulation model is presented. The effect of these errors on direction‐of‐arrival estimation is quantitatively presented. It is shown that the maximum estimation error is inversely proportional to the distance between the transmitter and receiver and that the ranges and the standard deviation of the estimation errors can be reduced in the range of 0° <θ1 <60° if the manufacturing error is reduced. Further, the validity of the simulation is confirmed by experiments in an anechoic chamber. It is also confirmed that mutual coupling and manufacturing error in the array antenna are the main causes of the estimation error in the direction‐of‐arrival estimation experiment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(9): 68–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10230
Achieving per‐flow fairness in wireless ad hoc networks
Authors: Shagdar Oyunchimeg , Nakagawa Kenji , Zhang Bing 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMobile ad hoc networks attract tremendous attention as one form of future network configuration. Among wireless LAN technologies, the IEEE 802.11MAC standard can be considered as the most prominent technology deployed in ad hoc networks. For realization of mobile ad hoc networks, providing QoS support in ad hoc networks is an important task. Among numerous parameters of QoS, per‐flow fairness is an important and problematic issue in ad hoc networks. In the traditional wireline networks, per‐flow unfairness occurs mainly due to the link layer. However, in mobile ad hoc networks, in addition to the link layer, the MAC layer has significant impact on per‐flow fairness problems. In particular, although IEEE 802.11MAC provides per‐node fair bandwidth allocation, in order to achieve per‐flow fairness, a method that provides per‐flow fair bandwidth allocation is required. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed that enables a fair bandwidth allocation to each flow. In addition to fairness, the proposed scheme provides a positive impact on the network in terms of total performance and medium utility. The performance of the proposed scheme is investigated with an ns‐2 network simulator. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(8): 37–49, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20250
Estimation of position and radius of cylindrical targets using MUSIC algorithm in cross‐borehole radar
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Arai Ikuo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo date, for the tomographic signals obtained in cross‐borehole radar measurement in which transmitting and receiving antennas are scanned independently, a position estimation method for the isolated reflector has been studied by applying the transmission and reception array MUSIC method. However, when the operating wavelength and the size of the conducting cylinder cannot be neglected, as in the case of buried pipes, there is an error in the estimated position in the conventional method when the scattered wave from the point scatterer is used as the steering vector for position estimation. In this paper, the steering vector obtained from rigorous solution of scattering from a conducting cylinder is used. It is shown that the position estimation accuracy is improved by taking into account the effect of the elimination of the direct wave. It is also shown that the cylinder position and the radius can be estimated simultaneously by using the cylindrical radius as an estimation parameter. The effectiveness of multifrequency synthesis is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(8): 26–36, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20271
Improvement of transmission properties of synchronized QoS ad hoc network by rapid control method
Authors: Sugiyama Hisayoshi , Tsujioka Tetsuo , Murata Masashi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA rapid control method is proposed to improve the transmission properties of a synchronized QoS ad hoc network (synchronized QoS network). The synchronized QoS network has already been proposed to assure transmission bandwidth in ad hoc networks. However, the VC (virtual circuit) establish time and the VC breakage interval both expand in this network. Furthermore, the rate of successful communication deteriorates in relation to network topology changes. These problems become serious when a synchronized QoS network is applied to the multirobot rescue systems operating in urban disaster areas. The rapid control method modifies the frame structure of the conventional synchronized QoS network. This method accelerates control packet transmission and therefore improves the VC establish time, VC breakage interval, and the rate of successful communications. These improvements are confirmed by computer simulations in which a reconnaissance into distant space by a multirobot rescue system is simulated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(9): 51–59, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20278
Derivation of scattering parameter using local scattering modeling and its application to antenna beam selection
Authors: Tsuji Hiroyuki , Yamada Kenichi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe propose a method of beam selection to improve the quality of signals in multipath environments, in which multiple signals impinge on an array antenna from several directions, which uses a new parameter based on local scattering modeling. This “scattering parameter” relates to the degradation of signals impinging on an array antenna and can be used to select the direction‐of‐arrival of the signal for use in forming the antenna beam. We determine the relationship between the scattering parameter and the Rice factor and propose a method of estimating the parameter. The scattering parameter enables us to select the antenna beam without calculating the bit error rate of each arriving signal. Numerical and experimental results show that our method is effective. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(9): 41–50, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20279
A proposal and evaluations of marking scheme in DiffServ
Authors: Suematsu Toshimichi , Takenaka Toyofumi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRecently, the requirements for real‐time applications have increased and the need for QoS guarantees on the Internet has been intensified. In response to such requirements, the IETF has proposed the IntServ and DiffServ architectures with QoS guarantee. DiffServ is an architecture consisting of a core and edge. In the core, scalability is assured by QoS guarantee using AQM without taking account of the flow. However, it has been pointed out that there are problems at the time of mixture of TCP and UDP flows and in the fairness between edge flows. In order to resolve these problems, this paper proposes three‐color marker control with TSW based on the following policy: (a) guarantee of transmission flow according to the SLA and (b) packet discarding based on the degree of violation for transmission flows violating the SLA. The proposed system is evaluated by simulation and its effectiveness is confirmed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(9): 32–40, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20286
Radiation properties of modified fractal microstrip antennas
Authors: Tada Shinya , Chayono Ridho , Shinohe Yusuke , Kimura Yuichi , Haneishi Misao 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the method of configuration and the radiation properties of a new type of multi‐band planar antenna with a radiating element made of a microstrip antenna (MSA) with a slit‐loaded modified Sierpinski Gasket fractal antenna. In order to verify the multiband characteristics of this antenna, triangular MSA elements loaded with slits of a modified Sierpinski Gasket structure are fabricated. According to the experiment, the present test antenna exhibits excellent multiband characteristics in the C‐band and X‐band. Also, the measured values of the return loss and the radiation patterns are in good agreement with the results given by an electromagnetic simulator in the range meaningful for design. Thus, this antenna system is a useful format for a multiband planar antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(9): 10–21, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20296
Single‐stranded small interfering RNA are more immunostimulatory than their double‐stranded counterparts: A central role for 2′‐hydroxyl uridines in immune responses
Authors: Sioud Mouldy 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt has recently become apparent that certain small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences stimulate the innate immunity through endosomal Toll‐like receptors (TLR), particularly TLR7 and TLR8. However, it remains unclear whether siRNA duplexes act as specific ligands for these receptors. To address this question and to overcome the problem of immune activation by siRNA, several RNA sequences were chemically synthesized and their effects were investigated. Results indicate that human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) recognize and respond to a large number of sense or antisense single‐stranded (ss) siRNA. In most cases immunostimulatory RNA motifs are more effectively recognized by innate immunity in the context of ss siRNA as compared to siRNA duplexes. Novel immunostimulatory RNA motifs were identified and their replacement with adenosines abrogated immune activation. Most notably, replacement of the 2′‐hydroxyl uridines with either 2′‐fluoro, 2′‐deoxy or 2′‐O‐methyl uridines abrogated immune activation. Thus, immune recognition of RNA by TLR can be evaded by 2′‐ribose modifications of only uridines. Collectively, the data should facilitate the development of siRNA therapeutics and expand the understanding of how RNA is sensed by innate immunity.
Tris(tropolonato)phenanthroline Lanthanide(III) Complexes as Photochemical Devices
Authors: Bertolo Laura , Tamburini Sergio , Vigato Pietro Alessandro , Porzio William , Macchi Giorgio , Meinardi Francesco 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe tris‐tropolonato erbium(III) complexes [Er(hino)3(phen)] and [{Er(hino)3}2(pdon)] (H‐hino = 2‐hydroxy‐6‐isopropylcyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trien‐1‐one; phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline; pdon = 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione) have been prepared by reaction of [Er(hino)3]n with the appropriate chelating ligand in alcoholic solution. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, TG, ESI MS, 1H NMR, and IR spectroscopy, also by comparison with the properties of the analogous EuIII and YbIII complexes. The ESI‐MS spectroscopy of the complex with the ditopic ligand pdon parallels the other physico‐chemical data (IR, NMR), confirming the occurrence of a dinuclear entity. All the investigated ErIII complexes show efficient NIR emissions at about 1550 nm upon excitation at 355 nm in the UV ligand absorption band, emerging as possible candidate as active material for the realization of plastic amplifiers for telecommunications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transformation of a Tetranuclear Copper(II) Complex Bridged by Sugar Phosphates into Nucleotide‐Containing Cu4 Aggregations
Authors: Kato Merii , Sah Ajay Kumar , Tanase Tomoaki , Mikuriya Masahiro 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReaction of [Cu4(μ‐OH){μ‐(α‐D‐Glc‐1P)}2(L)4(H2O)2]X3 (1a: L = bpy, X = NO3, α‐D‐Glc‐1P = α‐D‐glucopyranose‐1‐phosphate) with Na2[H2ATP] (ATP = adenosine 5′‐triphosphate) readily afforded the ATP‐bridged tetranuclear copper(II) complex [Cu4(μ‐ATP)2(bpy)4] (3), which was characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis to consist of four linearly dispersed {CuII(bpy)}2+ fragments bridged by two triphosphate groups of the ATP tetravalent anions. The sugar and adenine base parts of the ATP moieties are away from the copper(II) centers, but the structure was stabilized by weak intramolecular π–π stacking between the ATP purine ring and two bpy ligands and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the adenine base pairs. The variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility of complex 3 exhibited only weak antiferromagnetic couplings between the four linearly dispersed CuII ions. A similar reaction of 1a or 2 (L = phen, X = NO3) with Na2[IMP] (IMP = inosine 5′‐monophosphate) yielded a different type of tetracopper(II) complex formulated as [Cu4{μ‐(IMP‐H)}2(L)4(H2O)4](NO3)2 [L = bpy (5), phen (6)], in which the IMP moieties are deprotonated at the N‐1 position of the nucleobase, forming IMP‐H trianions, and four {Cu(bpy)(H2O)}2+ fragments are connected through the N‐1, N‐7, and O‐6 atoms of the nucleobase and the monodentate 5′‐phosphate group. Reaction of 1b (L = bpy, X = Cl) with Na2[UMP] (UMP = uridine 5′‐monophosphate) resulted in a polymeric compound formulated as {[Cu{μ‐(UMP‐H)}(bpy)(H2O)]2[Cu4(μ‐OH){μ‐(α‐d‐Glc‐1P)}2(bpy)4(H2O)2]Cl}n (7). The N‐3 deprotonated [UMP‐H]3– anions connect {Cu(bpy)(H2O)}2+ fragments through the N‐3 nitrogen atom and the phosphate oxygen atoms to afford C2‐helical coordination polymers and the tetracopper(II) complex cations, [Cu4(μ‐OH){μ‐(α‐d‐Glc‐1P)}2(bpy)4(H2O)2]3+, are incorporated between the polymer chains with a C2‐chiral arrangement of the {Cu4(μ‐OH)(μ‐PO4)2(bpy)4(H2O)2} framework constrained to the Λ‐form through inter‐ and intramolecular stacking interactions between the bpy ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electroanalytical Determination of Carcinoembryonic Antigen at a Silica Nanoparticles/Titania Sol–Gel Composite Membrane‐Modified Gold Electrode
Authors: Liu Yan , Jiang Hong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA highly hydrophilic and nontoxic colloidal silica nanoparticle/titania sol–gel composite membrane was prepared on a gold electrode via a chemical vapor deposition method. With carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a model antigen and encapsulation of carcinoembryonic antibody (anti‐CEA) in the composite architecture, this membrane could be used for reagentless electrochemical immunoassay. The presence of silica nanoparticles provided a congenial microenvironment for adsorbed biomolecules. The formation of immunoconjugate by a simple one‐step immunoreaction between CEA in sample solution and the immobilized anti‐CEA introduced the change in the potential. The modified procedure was further characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Compared to the commonly applied methods, i.e., the TiO2 direct embedding procedure, this strategy could allow for antibodies immobilized with higher loading amount and better retained immunoactivity. The resulting immunosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good precision, acceptable stability, accuracy, reproducibility and wide linear range from 1.5 to 240 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.5 ng mL−1 at 3σ. Analytical results of clinical samples show that the developed immunoassay is comparable with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) method, implying a promising alternative approach for detecting CEA in the clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, this composite membrane could be used efficiently for the entrapment of other biomarkers and clinical applications.
Capillary electrophoretic investigation of the enantioselective metabolism of propafenone by human cytochrome P‐450 SUPERSOMES: Evidence for atypical kinetics by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4
Authors: Afshar Minoo , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn enantioselective CE method was used to identify the ability of CYP450 enzymes and their stereoselectivity in catalyzing the transformation of propafenone (PPF) to 5‐hydroxy‐propafenone (5OH‐PPF) andN‐despropyl‐propafenone (NOR‐PPF). Usingin vitroincubations with single CYP450 enzymes (SUPERSOMES), 5OH‐PPF is shown to be selectively produced by CYP2D6 andN‐dealkylation is demonstrated to be mediated by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and CYP1A1. For the elucidation of kinetic aspects of the metabolism with CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, incubations with individual PPF enantiomers and racemic PPF were investigated. With the exception of the dealkylation in presence ofR‐PPF only, which can be described by the Michaelis–Menten model, all CYP2D6‐induced reactions were found to follow autoactivation kinetics. For CYP3A4, all NOR‐PPF enantiomer formation rates as function of PPF enantiomer concentration were determined to follow substrate inhibition kinetics. The formation of NOR‐PPF by the different enzymes is stereoselective and is reduced significantly when racemic PPF is incubated. Clearance values obtained for CYP3A4 dealkylation are stereoselective whereas those of CYP2D6 hydroxylation are not. This paper reports the first investigation of the PPF hydroxylation and dealkylation kinetics by the CYP2D6 enzyme and represents the first report in which enantioselective CE data provide the completein vitrokinetics of metabolic steps of a drug.
Proteomic analysis of macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide: Lipopolysaccharide inhibits the cleavage of nucleophosmin
Authors: Zhang Xiulian , Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Masanori , Hayashi Eiko , Yuan Xiaoqin , Nakamura Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a complex glycolipid composed of a hydrophilic polysaccharide and a hydrophobic domain that is responsible for the biological activity of LPS. There are many reports about LPS stimulation, and many activated proteins have been detected after LPS stimulation in various cell types. Furthermore, most of the LPS signaling pathways are clear. However, we were interested in examining the changes of LPS‐induced total cytosolic proteins expression and the LPS signaling pathway by the proteomics technique during LPS‐induced macrophage activation. Our study employed two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to analyze the proteins involved in LPS‐induced activation in RAW 264.7 cells. We found 11 protein spots whose expression was different between untreated cells and LPS‐treated cells. Ten protein spots were identified, seven of which, tubulin beta‐4 chain (49.6 kDa, pI 4.78), nucleophosmin (32.6 kDa, pI 4.62, two spots), 40S ribosomal protein SA (P40) (32.7 kDa, pI 4.74), transforming protein RhoA (21.8 kDa, pI 5.83), nucleolin (76.6 kDa, pI 4.69), and T‐complex protein 1 zeta subunit (58 kDa, pI 6.63) were down‐regulated, and three of which, nucleophosmin (32.6 kDa, pI 4.62, two spots) and proteosome subunit alpha type‐1 (29.5 kDa, pI 6.00), were up‐regulated. The suppression of the proteolytic degradation of nucleophosmin was associated with LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 cell activation. Cleaved caspase‐3 decreased, thus it might be involved in proteolysis of nucleophosmin in LPS‐induced macrophage activation. Our study also demonstrated that there was no change of the expression of nucleophosmin at the mRNA level.