bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Religion and Public Schools in the United States: An Introductory Brief
Authors: Grinberg Jaime 
Published: April 2024

The United States of America (USA) has no official religion, and its constitution establishes a separation between state and religion. Hence, public schools should maintain such a separation in their relationship to religion. However, historically, legally, and politically, this has been difficult, contentious, challenging, and complicated. Secularism has served as a balance to protect schools from religious intrusion and religion to keep the state from influence and control at bay. This paper briefly explains the seemingly watershed moment created by the US Supreme Court ruling enabling families in the state of Maine to obtain subsidies in the form of school vouchers to be applied toward tuition in religious private schools, thus breaking a legal tradition of denying public funds for their use for tuition covering of educational institutions sponsored by religious organizations. This paper introduces different dimensions for analyzing these relationships and explains a few legal and educational developments, legal rulings, and students’ rights.
Study on the evolution of permeability properties of limestone under different stress paths
Authors: Huang Gang , Lu Gang , Zhang Ji , Zhou Fengjun , Li Dongwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Stress path change has a great relationship with the effect of deformation and strength of rock. However, the underground rock body is in the engineering environment where the stress field, seepage field, and other fields are coupled to change, the law of fluid flow in the rock body is complex and variable. The change in the stress field has an important effect on the seepage characteristics of rock body; therefore, it is necessary to study the pattern of rock permeability evolution pattern by different stress paths. This study is based on the study of limestone, conducting triaxial unloading seepage mechanics experiments, the evolution of permeability properties of limestone specimens was analyzed based on the test results. The results show that in the conventional triaxial loading seepage test, the permeability of the limestone decreases before the rock stress reaches the peak intensity and increases after that. Increasing axial pressure unloading surrounding pressure compression section, permeability loss rate and effective stress are in line with the changing law of Gaussian distribution function. Under the action of constant axial pressure unloading surrounding pressure, with the increase in unloading amount, the permeability rate of change appears to increase slowly, and in the late stage of unloading section, the permeability rate of change appears to surge. Unloading section permeability change rate and cumulative unloading amount are in line with the law of change of the exponential function. Creep unloading pressure seepage test found that unloading pressure stage strain-time and permeability-time evolution characteristics are in line with the exponential rule of change. The experimental results of this study can provide an important experimental and theoretical basis for the permeability analysis of low-permeability rock body under complex stress conditions in underground engineering.
The role of analytical performance specifications in international guidelines and standards dealing with metrological traceability in laboratory medicine
Authors: Greg Miller W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The goal of metrological traceability is to have equivalent results for a measurand in clinical samples (CSs) irrespective of the in-vitro diagnostic medical device (IVD-MD) used for measurements. The International Standards Organization standard 17511 defines requirements for establishing metrological traceability of values assigned to calibrators, trueness control materials and human samples used with IVD-MDs. Each step in metrological traceability has an uncertainty associated with the value assigned to a material. The uncertainty at each step adds to the uncertainty from preceding steps such that the combined uncertainty gets larger at each step. The combined uncertainty for a CS result must fulfil an analytical performance specification (APS) for the maximum allowable uncertainty (umax
CS). The umax
CS can be partitioned among the steps in a metrological traceability calibration hierarachy to derive the APS for maximum allowable uncertainty at each step. Similarly, the criterion for maximum acceptable noncommutability bias can be derived from the umax
CS. One of the challenges in determining if umax
CS is fulfilled is determining the repeatability uncertainty (u
Rw) from operating an IVD-MD within a clinical laboratory. Most of the current recommendations for estimating u
Rw from internal quality control data do not use a sufficiently representative time interval to capture all relevant sources of variability in measurement results. Consequently, underestimation of u
Rw is common and may compromise assessment of how well current IVD-MDs and their supporting calibration hierarchies meet the needs of clinical care providers.
Widespread population of invasive ferrets Mustela furo (Carnivora: Mustelidae) on the island of Madeira, Macaronesia
Authors: Soto Elena J. , Nóbrega Eduardo , Nascimento Pedro , Abrahams Edie , Powell Kane , Bellmunt Ribas Adrià , Silva Isamberto , Gomes Martinho , Rodrigues José M. L. , Nunes João , Menezes Dília , Rocha Ricardo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Invasive mammalian predators are arguably the most damaging group of alien animals for global biodiversity and their impacts are particularly damaging in endemic-rich insular ecosystems. Ferrets (Mustela furo) are well-known for their potential to establish self-sustaining feral populations. Yet, knowledge about their distribution and trophic interactions is scarce. Here, we provide ample evidence of a well-established and widespread population of ferrets on the subtropical island of Madeira (Portugal). Ferrets are using natural and human-dominated habitats, where they are preying on both native (e.g., Cory’s shearwaters (Calonectris borealis) and the endemic and IUCN Endangered Zino’s petrel (Pterodroma madeira)) and non-native vertebrates.
Two results on the value distribution of meromorphic functions
Authors: Yang Degui , He Zhiying , Liu Dan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we prove two results on the value distribution of meromorphic functions. Using the theorem of Yamanoi, the first result gives a precise estimation of the relationship between the characteristic function of a meromorphic function and its

k

k

th derivative in a concise form. This result extends and improves some results of Shan, Singh, Gopalakrishna, Edrei, Weitsman, Yang, Wu and Wu, etc. The second result answers a conjecture posed by C. C. Yang. This conjecture turned to be false by a counter-example, but it will be true with an additional condition.
Representing slavery in visual art: a multimodal approach
Authors: Quadraro Michaela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores some issues related to the trauma of slavery, colonialism and identity-formation processes through a multimodal analysis, which is particularly useful in studying the manifold meanings and relationships emerging from the forms of cultural and social representation such as visual art. A series of images, chosen within Ellen Gallagher’s art exhibition “AXME”, held at Tate Gallery in London, is investigated to deal with the discursive constructions of gendered and racial identities. Employing Kress and van Leeuwen’s model (2021 [1996]. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London: Routledge), this article attempts to identify the signs related to categories such as gender and race, as well as the persistence of stereotypical representations in our contemporary societies.
From nasal respiration to brain dynamic
Authors: Shahsavar Payam , Ghazvineh Sepideh , Raoufy Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While breathing is a vital, involuntary physiological function, the mode of respiration, particularly nasal breathing, exerts a profound influence on brain activity and cognitive processes. This review synthesizes existing research on the interactions between nasal respiration and the entrainment of oscillations across brain regions involved in cognition. The rhythmic activation of olfactory sensory neurons during nasal respiration is linked to oscillations in widespread brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and parietal cortex, as well as the piriform cortex. The phase-locking of neural oscillations to the respiratory cycle, through nasal breathing, enhances brain inter-regional communication and is associated with cognitive abilities like memory. Understanding the nasal breathing impact on brain networks offers opportunities to explore novel methods for targeting the olfactory pathway as a means to enhance emotional and cognitive functions.
Turning talk into text: the representation of contemporary urban vernaculars in Swedish fiction
Authors: Ganuza Natalia , Rydell Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article examines the literary representation of contemporary urban vernaculars (CUV) in fiction. It focuses specifically on four Swedish novels published in the last ten years, whose narratives are set in the urban and increasingly multilingual, migrant-rich and class-stratified peripheral areas of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. The analysis centers on how they are situated in these urban peripheries, using written representations of spoken, non-standard Swedish CUV as symbolic resources to give authenticity to the narratives. We examine the distinctive linguistic features that are employed to evoke the imagination of CUV, and how these are used to build the fictional characters and to create certain recognizable social personas and practices. We also discuss the linguistic features that are available but are not exploited to represent the fictional characters’ ways of speaking, and possible reasons why this is so. Finally, we examine how the novels exploit contrasts between registers, particularly between CUV and adult second-language speaker styles and between CUV and standard Swedish, and with what effects. The findings are discussed in the context of the broader social discourses about language, migration, CUV and adult second-language speakers in present-day Sweden.
A Hybrid Monte Carlo study of argon solidification
Authors: Alizadeh Vahideh , Garofalo Marco , Urbach Carsten , Kirchner Barbara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A GPU-based implementation of the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) algorithm is presented to explore its utility in the chemistry of solidification at the example of liquid to solid argon. We validate our implementation by comparing structural characteristics of argon fluid-like phases from HMC and MD simulations. Examining solidification, both MD and HMC show similar trends. Despite observable differences, MD simulations and HMC agree within the errors during the phase transition. Introducing voids decreases the solidification temperature, aiding in the formation of a well-structured solids. Further, our findings highlight the importance of larger system sizes in simulating solidification processes. Simulations with a temperature dependent potential show ambiguous results for the solidification which may be attributed to the small system sizes. Future work aims to expand HMC capabilities for complex chemical phenomena in phase transitions.
The cost-effectiveness of surgical excision of colorectal endometriosis compared to ART treatment trajectory (TOSCA study) in the management of colorectal endometriosis and subfertility
Authors: de Koning R , Cantineau A E P , van der Tuuk K , De Bie B , Groen H , van den Akker-van Marle M E , Nap A W , Maas J W M , Jansen F W , Twijnstra A R H , Blikkendaal M D 
Published: April 2024

Currently, the optimal treatment to increase the chance of pregnancy and live births in patients with colorectal endometriosis and subfertility is unknown. Evidence suggests that that both surgery and in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are effective in improving the live birth rate (LBR) among these women. However, the available evidence is of low quality, reports highly heterogeneous results, lacks direct comparison between both treatment options, and does not assess whether a combination strategy results in a higher LBR compared to IVF/ICSI-only treatment. Additionally, the optimal timing of surgery within the treatment trajectory remains unclear. The primary objective of the TOSCA study is to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment (potentially combined with IVF/ICSI) compared to IVF-/ICSI-only treatment to increase the chance of an ongoing pregnancy resulting in a live birth in patients with colorectal endometriosis and subfertility, measured by cumulative LBR. Secondary objectives are to assess and compare quality of life and cost-effectiveness in both groups. Patients will be followed for 40 months after inclusion or until live birth. The TOSCA study is expected to be completed in 6 years.

Trial registration number
The TOSCA trial is registered as ‘Cost-Effectiveness of Surgical Excision of Colorectal Endometriosis Compared to ART Treatment Trajectory (TOSCA)’ in the Clinical Trials Register (NCT No. NCT05677269, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05677269)

Date of first patient enrolment
The first patient was included in February 2023.

Lay summary
Treating bowel endometriosis in people with fertility problems is difficult, and at the moment, there is no consensus on the best way to increase the chances of pregnancy. This makes it hard for gynaecologists to advise people when to have either IVF/ICSI or surgery, particularly in patients with fewer pain symptoms, as the benefits of surgery to enhance fertility have to be balanced against the potential risk of side effects. Surgery can improve fertility and pain symptoms, but it may delay people trying to conceive which means the reserve of eggs in the ovaries will reduce with time. IVF/ICSI also seems a viable option, but having the surgery first may increase the chances of conception (both naturally and/or after IVF/ICSI). The TOSCA study aims to determine whether surgery for bowel endometriosis leads to an increased birth rate and better patient reported outcome measures compared to IVF/ICSI alone.
The interaction between seminal plasma, sperm, and endometrium in inter- and intra-species breeding in equids
Authors: Podico Giorgia , Bittar João H , Loux Shavahn C , Souza Fabiana F , Canisso Igor F 
Published: April 2024

In brief
In some instances, extra-species breeding in equids is more successful than intraspecies breeding; however, little is known about the immunomodulatory effect of donkey semen and seminal plasma on the mare’s endometrium. This study compared the mare uterine inflammatory response during extra- and intraspecies breeding.

Abstract
Anecdotal experience suggests horse mares have less post-breeding inflammation and better fertility when bred with donkeys. This study aimed to compare the post-breeding inflammatory response of mares exposed to donkey and horse semen and seminal plasma and evaluate the proteome and metabolome of donkey and horse sperm and seminal plasma. Uterine edema, intrauterine fluid accumulation, polymorphonuclear neutrophils on cytology, and concentrations of progesterone, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, IL4, IL6, CXCL8, IL10) were assessed pre- and post infusion of semen and seminal plasma (donkey and horse). The metabolome and proteome were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Mare cycles bred with horse semen had a greater progesterone concentration than those bred with donkey semen at 8 days post ovulation (P = 0.046). At 6 h post infusion, the inflammatory response due to the donkey semen tended to be lower (P = 0.074). Donkey seminal plasma had anti-inflammatory properties compared to horse semen and seminal plasma, as determined by fewer neutrophils on uterine cytology (P < 0.05). Horse semen resulted in greater concentrations of IL6 and lesser concentrations of IL1B (P < 0.05). PGE1, PGE3, and lactoferrin concentrations were significantly more abundant in donkey sperm and seminal plasma. Prostaglandins play an important role in immunomodulation and might contribute to the response triggered in interspecies breeding. In conclusion, breeding horse mares with donkey semen induces similar post-breeding endometritis as observed with horse semen. Donkey seminal plasma results in a lower post-infusion inflammatory response compared to other combinations in the immediate post-breeding.
La Jurisdicción Internacional frente al Nuevo Derecho Internacional como medio de solución de las Controversias y su implicancia Constitucional comparada
Authors: Álvarez Soza Daniel Rigoberto 
Published: April 2024

De las controversias provenientes de ilegalidades o arbitrariedades relativas a las norma del derecho internacional, es posible encontrarnos con situaciones que han dado objeto a su estudio en estas últimas décadas por parte de la doctrina. Así, tenemos aquellas cometidas específicamente entre Estados como así mismo las verificadas por agentes del Estado en contra de la población y ciudadanos extranjeros e incluso en una moderna interpretación también en contra de Estados extranjeros, cuya promoción es el fortalecimiento de la paz internacional, teniendo como fundamental importancia a la persona humana, hoy considerado un protagonista en su calidad de sujeto de derecho internacional. Importancia que se ha visto vigorizada, entre otros aspectos, por la trashumancia inmigratoria impulsada por la concurrencia de factores de implicancia económica, política y de índole humanitaria. Es en razón de ello, que se ha producido en la actualidad una coincidencia entre el derecho internacional tanto público como privado, en donde el primero busca afianzar y asegurar la paz entre Estados y ciertamente de quienes lo integran, asumiendo acá un rol significativo instituciones propias del derecho internacional privado en cuanto a la observancia de instituciones propias de él, tales como el estatuto personal, el estatuto patrimonial, el cumplimiento y observancia de resoluciones provenientes de tribunales extranjeros además de las normas de solución en materia de conflictos de leyes atributivas de calificación y respeto de los derechos adquiridos.
Resistome analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from layers in Hungary
Authors: Kerek Ádám , Szabó Ábel , Bányai Krisztián , Kaszab Eszter , Bali Krisztina , Papp Márton , Kovács László , Jerzsele Ákos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe authors aimed to investigate eight strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from Hungarian layer flocks for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), using metagenomic methods. The strains were isolated from cloacal swabs of healthy adult layers. This study employed shotgun sequencing-based genetic and bioinformatic analysis along with determining phenotypic minimum inhibitory concentrations. A total of 59 ARGs were identified in the eight E. coli isolates, carrying ARGs against 15 groups of antibiotics. Among these, 28 ARGs were identified as transferable. Specifically, four ARGs were plasmid-derived, 18 ARGs were phage-derived and an additional six ARGs were predicted to be mobile, contributing to their mobility and potential spread between bacteria.
A pilot study of the effect of group-administered psilocybin on psychological flexibility and outcomes
Authors: Pilecki Brian , Luoma Jason , Lear Kati M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPsychological flexibility has been proposed as a core process of change when psychedelics are used for therapeutic purposes, but to date empirical outcomes have only documented changes on the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), a very general measure of psychological flexibility. This pilot study measured outcomes from psilocybin administered in a retreat setting across a range of measures assessing aspects of psychological flexibility. Nine participants attended a 7-day psilocybin retreat and completed measures at baseline, 2-, and 6-month follow up. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive defusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire), valued living (Valuing Questionnaire), and Self-Compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), as well as a trend towards increased overall psychological flexibility (AAQ). Other outcome and process measures included measures related to acute effects of the psilocybin, belief in oneness, social safeness, mental health, burnout and emotion expressivity. These results offer preliminary evidence that therapeutic benefits obtained from psilocybin experiences may be linked to changes in psychological flexibility.
MACHINE LEARNING FOR AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF WATER BODIES USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGERY
Authors: Kashtan V. Yu. , Hnatushenko V. V. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Given the aggravation of environmental and water problems, there is a need to improve automated methods for extracting and monitoring water bodies in urban ecosystems. The problem of efficient and automated extraction of water bodies is becoming relevant given the large amount of data obtained from satellite systems. The object of study is water bodies that are automatically extracted from Sentinel-2 optical satellite images using machine learning methods.
Objective. The goal of the work is to improve the efficiency of the process of extracting the boundaries of water bodies on digital optical satellite images by using machine learning methods.
Method. The paper proposes an automated information technology for delineating the boundaries of water bodies on Sentinel-2 digital optical satellite images. The process includes eight stages, starting with data download and using topographic maps to obtain basic information about the study area. Then, the process involved data pre-processing, which included calibrating the images, removing atmospheric noise, and enhancing contrast. Next, the EfficientNet-B0 architecture is applied to identify water features, facilitating optimal network width scaling, depth, and image resolution. ResNet blocks compress and expand channels. It allows for optimal connectivity of large-scale and multi-channel links across layers. After that, the Regional Proposal Network defines regions of interest (ROI), and ROI alignment ensures data homogeneity. The Fully connected layer helps in segmenting the regions, and the Fully connected network creates binary masks for accurate identification of water bodies. The final step of the method is to analyze spatial and temporal changes in the images to identify differences, changes, and trends that may indicate specific phenomena or events. This approach allows automating and accurately identifying water features on satellite images using machine learning.
Results. The implementation of the proposed technology is development through Python software development. An assessment of the technology’s accuracy, conducted through a comparative analysis with existing methods, such as water indices and K-means, confirms a high level of accuracy in the period from 2017 to 2023 (up to 98%). The Kappa coefficient, which considers the degree of consistency between the actual and predicted classification, confirms the stability and reliability of our approach, reaching a value of 0.96.
Conclusions. The experiments confirm the effectiveness of the proposed automated information technology and allow us to recommend it for use in studies of changes in coastal areas, decision-making in the field of coastal resource management, and land use. Prospects for further research may include new methods that seasonal changes and provide robustness in the selection and mapping of water surfaces.