bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of processing on phytic acid, in vitro soluble iron and Phy/Fe molar ratio of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Luo Yuwei , Gu Zhenxin , Han Yongbin , Chen Zhigang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Faba bean is one of the important legumes in Asian countries. It is also a major source of micronutrients in many rural areas. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of iron from faba bean is low because it is present as an insoluble complex with food components such as phytic acid. The influence of soaking, germination and fermentation with the expectation of increasing the bioavailability of iron was investigated.RESULTS: Fermentation treatments were most effective in decreasing phytic acid (48–84%), followed by soaking at 10 °C after preheating (36–51%). Steeping faba beans for 24 h at 25 °C had the least effect on the removal of phytic acid (9–24%). With increased germination time at 30 °C, phytic acid progressively decreased from 9 to 69%. Most wet processing procedures, except soaking after wet preheating, caused losses of dry matter and iron (8–15%). In vitro iron solubility, as a percentage of total iron in soaked faba bean after dry preheating, was significantly higher than in raw faba bean (P < 0.05). Fermentation and germination did not have significant effects on the solubility of iron.CONCLUSION: The expected improvement of iron bioavailability levels due to lower phytic acid was not confirmed by increasing levels of in vitro soluble iron. Soaking, germination and fermentation can decrease phytic acid in faba bean. However, results from in vitro solubility measurement of iron showed little improvement of iron bioavailability in fermented and germinated faba beans over untreated raw faba beans (P < 0.05). It seems that componets of dietary fibre other than phytic acid are more important in binding iron. Probably, a complex association between dietary fibre and iron is the reason for the poor bioavailability of iron in faba bean. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of gamma irradiation on the physico‐chemical and sensory properties of raw shelled peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) and pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.)
Authors: Mexis Stamatios F , Kontominas Michael G 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackround The present study evaluated the quality of raw peanuts and pistachio nuts as a function of irradiation dose in order to determine dose levels causing minimal undesirable changes to these products. Physico‐chemical (colour, peroxide value, hexanal content, fatty acid composition, volatile compounds) and sensory (colour, texture, odour, taste) properties of raw peanuts and pistachio nuts were determined after irradiation at doses up to 7 kGy.Results Results showed an eight‐ and seven‐fold increase in peroxide value and a twelve and five‐fold increase in hexanal content after irradiation at a dose of 7 kGy for peanuts and pistachio nuts, respectively. An increase was also observed in saturated fatty acids (20.51–28.28% and 15.24–24.87%) with a parallel decrease in unsaturated fatty acids (79.49–71.72% and 84.76–75.13%) for peanuts and pistachio nuts, respectively. Likewise, volatile compounds such as aldehydes, alkanes, ketones and alcohols comprising secondary oxidation products of peanut and pistachio nut lipids increased after irradiation. Pistachio nut colour parameter a* and to a lesser extent parameters, L* and b* decreased after irradiation leading to a slight but noticeable darkening in product colour while colour parameter L*, b* and a* of raw peanut remained unchanged by irradiation up to 7 kGy.Conclusion Based on sensory evaluation, peanuts and pistachio nuts become unacceptable for consumption when irradiated at doses higher than 3 kGy. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Contents of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, minerals and total glucosinolates in leafy brassica pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. chinensis) as affected by season and variety
Authors: Hanson Peter , Yang Ray‐yu , Chang Lien‐chung , Ledesma Lance , Ledesma Dolores 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. chinensis) is economically and nutritionally important in East and Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of season and variety on its phytonutrient content (carotenoids, minerals, ascorbic acid and total glucosinolates).RESULTS: Thirty‐five varieties were evaluated in one dry season and one wet season field trial at AVRDC–The World Vegetable Center, Taiwan. Mean carotenoid content was about 36% greater in the dry season than in the wet season trial. In contrast, ascorbic acid and total glucosinolate contents were 48 and 72% higher respectively in the wet season than in the dry season trial. Dry matter, calcium and iron contents were also 69, 69 and 21% greater respectively in the wet season than in the dry season trial. Significant differences among entries were found for most phytonutrients; the ranges of variety means were fourfold for total carotenoids, fivefold for iron and total glucosinolates and twofold for calcium.CONCLUSION: Season strongly influences the phytonutrient content of pakchoi grown in the tropics. Significant differences among entries were found for all phytonutrients, and there is potential to increase levels of individual phytonutrients through plant breeding. However, breeding would need to target varieties for either the dry or the wet season. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Multi‐periodic eigensolutions to the Dirac operator and applications to the generalized Helmholtz equation on flat cylinders and on the n‐torus
Authors: Constales Denis , Kraußhar Rolf Sören 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we study the solutions to the generalized Helmholtz equation with complex parameter on some conformally flat cylinders and on the n‐torus. Using the Clifford algebra calculus, the solutions can be expressed as multi‐periodic eigensolutions to the Dirac operator associated with a complex parameter λ∈ℂ. Physically, these can be interpreted as the solutions to the time‐harmonic Maxwell equations on these manifolds. We study their fundamental properties and give an explicit representation theorem of all these solutions and develop some integral representation formulas. In particular, we set up Green‐type formulas for the cylindrical and toroidal Helmholtz operator. As a concrete application, we explicitly solve the Dirichlet problem for the cylindrical Helmholtz operator on the half cylinder. Finally, we introduce hypercomplex integral operators on these manifolds, which allow us to represent the solutions to the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation with given boundary data on cylinders and on the n‐torus. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclic shakedown of piles subjected to two‐dimensional lateral loading
Authors: Levy Nina H. , Einav Itai , Hull Tim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPile foundations are frequently subjected to cyclic lateral loads. Wave and wind loads on offshore structures will be applied in different directions and times during the design life of a structure. Therefore, the magnitude and direction of these loads in conjunction with the dead loads should be considered. This paper investigates a loading scenario where a monotonic lateral load is applied to a pile, followed by two‐way cycling in a direction perpendicular to the initial loading. This configuration is indicative of the complexity of loading that may be considered and is referred to in the paper as ‘T‐shaped’ loading. The energy‐based numerical model employed considers two‐dimensional lateral loading in an elasto‐plastic soil, with coupled behaviour between the two perpendicular directions by local yield surfaces along the length of the pile. The behaviour of the soil–pile system subjected to different loading combinations has been divided into four categories of shakedown previously proposed for cyclic loading of structures and soils. A design chart has been created to illustrate the type of pile behaviour for a given two‐dimensional loading scenario. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Limit analysis of plates using the EFG method and second‐order cone programming
Authors: Le Canh V. , Gilbert Matthew , Askes Harm 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe meshless element‐free Galerkin (EFG) method is extended to allow computation of the limit load of plates. A kinematic formulation that involves approximating the displacement field using the moving least‐squares technique is developed. Only one displacement variable is required for each EFG node, ensuring that the total number of variables in the resulting optimization problem is kept to a minimum, with far fewer variables being required compared with finite element formulations using compatible elements. A stabilized conforming nodal integration scheme is extended to plastic plate bending problems. The evaluation of integrals at nodal points using curvature smoothing stabilization both keeps the size of the optimization problem small and also results in stable and accurate solutions. Difficulties imposing essential boundary conditions are overcome by enforcing displacements at the nodes directly. The formulation can be expressed as the problem of minimizing a sum of Euclidean norms subject to a set of equality constraints. This non‐smooth minimization problem can be transformed into a form suitable for solution using second‐order cone programming. The procedure is applied to several benchmark beam and plate problems and is found in practice to generate good upper‐bound solutions for benchmark problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case study of a five‐year‐old child with pervasive developmental disorder‐not otherwise specified using sound‐based interventions
Authors: Nwora Amy J , Gee Bryan M 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of The Listening Program (TLP) in treating a child with pervasive developmental disorder‐not otherwise specified (PDD‐NOS). Using a single‐subject case study design, one child with PDD‐NOS was administered a 20‐week TLP intervention focused on improving sensory processing and language function. Data collection included pre‐ and post‐evaluations using video footage, and Sensory Profile and Listening Checklist questionnaires. Results of the study indicated improved behaviour and sensory tolerance in the post‐intervention video footage, including active participation in singing and movements to song. Sensory Profile and Listening Checklist questionnaires indicated significant improvements in sensory processing, receptive/expressive listening and language, motor skills, and behavioural/social adjustment at the post‐intervention assessment. Although small in scope, this study highlights the need for continued research by occupational therapists into sound‐based interventions. Particularly, occupational therapists need to perform larger‐scale studies utilizing TLP to verify the efficacy of this alternative treatment method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using non‐contact therapeutic touch to manage post‐surgical pain in the elderly
Authors: McCormack Guy L 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of non‐contact therapeutic touch on post‐surgical pain in an elderly population receiving occupational therapy in an acute care hospital unit in the United States. Ninety participants were randomly assigned to three groups (experimental, control and placebo) using a three‐group experimental pre‐test–post‐test design and a randomized clinical trial. The experimental group received the non‐contact touch intervention, the control group received routine care and the placebo group received the sound of a metronome set at a steady slow pace. Objective measures included the Memorial Pain Scale, the Tellegen Absorption Scale, the Health Attribution Scale and measures of pulse rate and pupil size, which were performed as repeated measures. In the experimental group, 22 out of 30 (73%) demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity scores from pre‐test to post‐test (t [7] = 7.24, p < 0.01) and were better able to participate in occupations. Further research is recommended to replicate this study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A review of curanderismo and healing practices among Mexicans and Mexican Americans
Authors: Tafur Maritza Montiel , Crowe Terry K. , Torres Eliseo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOccupational therapists working with Mexican and Mexican American populations may encounter traditional healing practices associated with curanderismo within a variety of practice settings. Curanderismo is a term referring to the practice of traditional healing in Latin American (Hispanic) cultures. This article reviews from the literature the different types of traditional healers (curanderos/as), the remedies recommended by traditional healers and common traditional illnesses treated. Traditional healing practices among Mexican and Mexican Americans may be as high as 50–75% in some parts of the United States. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of curanderismo and its impact on quality of life, activities of daily living and overall social participation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Case study of Bell's palsy applying complementary treatment within an occupational therapy model
Authors: Haltiwanger Emily , Huber Theresa , Chang Joe C. , Gonzales‐Stuart Armando 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor 7% of people with Bell's palsy, facial impairment is permanent. The case study patient was a 48‐year‐old female who had no recovery from paralysis 12 weeks after onset. Goals were to restore facial sensory‐motor functions, functional abilities and reduce depression. Facial paralysis was assessed by clinical observations, the Facial Disability Index and Beck Depression Index. Complementary interventions of aromatherapy, reflexology and electro‐acupuncture were used with common physical agent modalities in an intensive home activity and exercise programme. The patient had 100% return of function and resolution of depression after 10 days of intervention. The limitation of this study is that it was a retrospective case study and the investigators reconstructed the case from clinical notes. Further research using a prospective approach is recommended to replicate this study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, and degradation of poly(ethylene‐b‐ε‐caprolactone) diblock copolymer
Authors: Báez José E. , Ramírez‐Hernández Aurelio , Marcos‐Fernández Ángel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐b‐ε‐caprolactone) (PE‐b‐PCL) diblock copolymers were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) with α‐hydroxyl‐ω‐methyl polyethylene (PE‐OH) as a macroinitiator and ammonium decamolybdate (NH4)8[Mo10O34] as a catalyst. Polymerization was conducted in bulk (130–150°C) with high yield (87–97%). Block copolymers with different compositions were obtained and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, MALDI‐TOF, SAXS, and DSC. End‐group analysis by NMR and MALDI‐TOF indicates the formation of α‐hydroxyl‐ω‐methyl PE‐b‐PCL. The PE‐b‐PCL degradation was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and alkaline hydrolysis. The PCL block was hydrolyzed by NaOH (4M), without any effect on the PE segment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic silencing in non‐neoplastic epithelia identifies E‐cadherin (CDH1) as a target for chemoprevention of lobular neoplasia
Authors: Zou Donghui , Yoon Han‐Seung , Perez David , Weeks Robert J , Guilford Parry , Humar Bostjan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is believed to develop from in situ lesions, atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Down‐regulation of the cell–cell adhesion protein E‐cadherin is a defining feature of lobular breast cancer (LBC) and already occurs in ALH and LCIS. Apart from mutational mechanisms, epigenetic silencing of the E‐cadherin gene (CDH1) is thought to be involved in E‐cadherin down‐regulation and has been observed at a high frequency in ILC. Whether CDH1 promoter methylation is already present in in situ lesions and thus contributes to the initiation of LBC is not established. We thus examined microdissected archived tissue from 20 LBCs by methylation‐specific PCR to determine the CDH1 methylation status of lobular lesions. Nineteen of the 20 LBCs had a hypermethylated CDH1 promoter, including 13/14 ILCs and 13/13 ALHs or LCIS. Bisulphite sequencing indicated that methylation was complete within the investigated promoter fragment. Intriguingly, CDH1 methylation was likewise present in 8/8 adjacent non‐neoplastic epithelia, but not in 6/6 mammary epithelia from healthy subjects. E‐cadherin protein and mRNA were down‐regulated in in situ lesions relative to adjacent epithelia. Together, these results indicate that CDH1 promoter methylation occurs in LBC prior to E‐cadherin down‐regulation and neoplastic formation. We thus propose that epigenetic silencing represents the first of the two hits required to silence both CDH1 alleles for LBC to develop. Because promoter methylation is in principle reversible, our findings suggest that chemoprevention of LBC by epigenetic drugs should be feasible. Furthermore, the presence of CDH1 methylation in pre‐neoplastic epithelia suggests the existence of mammary regions with increased disease susceptibility, providing an explanation for the often multifocal presentation of LBC. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of polymer chain end groups in plasma modification for surface metallization of polymeric materials
Authors: Inagaki Norihiro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHow to improve adhesion between poly(oxybenzoate‐co‐oxynaphthoate) (Vecstar OC and FA films) and copper metal by Ar, O2, N2 and NH3 plasma modification was investigated. The mechanism of adhesion improvement is discussed from the viewpoint of chemical and physical interactions at the interface between the Vecstar film and copper metal layer. The adhesion between Vecstar OC film and copper metal was improved by chemical rather than physical interactions. Polymer chain end groups that occur at Vecstar OC film surfaces contribute effectively to adhesion. This improvement in adhesion is due to interactions between copper metal and OC groups formed by plasma modification. Aggregation of the OC groups to the copper metal/Vecstar OC film interface is a key factor for good adhesion. From this aspect, heat treatment of plasma‐modified Vecstar OC films on glass plates is effective in the aggregation, and the peel strength for the copper metal/Vecstar OC film system reached 1.21 N (5 mm)−1. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Coping strategies of retinoblastoma survivors in relation to behavioural problems
Authors: van Dijk J. , Grootenhuis M. A. , Imhof S. M. , Cohen‐Kettenis P. T. , Moll A. C. , Huisman J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To assess coping strategies of long‐term retinoblastoma (RB) survivors and explore determinants of behavioural functioning, including medical, socio‐demographic and coping variables.Methods: This population‐based cross‐sectional study included 117 RB survivors (12–35 years), registered in the Dutch national RB register. Survivors were asked to fill in coping, social support and behavioural questionnaires, and situational characteristics were obtained from medical archives and from an interview. Prevalence rates of coping strategies were computed based on self‐reports. One‐sample t‐tests were applied to analyse differences in the use of coping strategies compared with healthy reference samples. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify various determinants for behavioural problems within the RB sample.Results: RB survivors differed from their healthy reference group in one coping style, i.e. they showed significantly less emotion‐oriented coping behaviour. Adolescents who came from a single‐parent family and/or experienced lower social support and used more emotion‐oriented coping reported more total problem behaviour. More internalizing problems were reported for adolescents who experienced less social support and less acceptance of the disease. For adults, more life events, emotion‐oriented coping and lower social support explained more total problem behaviour, especially internalizing problems.Conclusion: RB survivors showed less emotion‐oriented coping behaviour compared with the reference group. Behavioural problems are best determined by emotion‐oriented coping, social support, life events other than RB and acceptance of the disease, and not by medical variables. Therefore, these variables should be taken into consideration during interventions for this group. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric oxide is involved in chitosan‐induced systemic resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease
Authors: Manjunatha Girigowda , Niranjan‐Raj Sathyanaraya , Prashanth Geetha N , Deepak Shantharaj , Amruthesh Kestur N , Shetty Hunthrike S 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The nature and durability of resistance offered by chitosan and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in chitosan‐induced defence reactions in pearl millet against downy mildew disease were investigated.RESULTS: It had previously been reported that chitosan seed priming protected pearl millet plants against downy mildew disease. Further elucidation of the mechanism of resistance showed that chitosan seed priming protects the plants systemically. A minimum 4 day time gap is required between the chitosan treatment and pathogen inoculation for maximum resistance development, and it was found to be durable. Chitosan seed priming elevated NO accumulation in pearl millet seedlings, beginning from 2 h post‐inoculation, and it was found to be involved in the activation of early defence reactions such as hypersensitive reaction, callose deposition and PR‐1 protein expression. Pretreatment with NO scavenger C‐PTIO and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L‐NAME before pathogen inoculation reduced the disease‐protecting ability of chitosan, and defence reactions were also downregulated, which indicated a possible role for NO in chitosan‐induced resistance.CONCLUSION: Protection offered by chitosan against pearl millet downy mildew disease is systemic in nature and durable. Chitosan‐induced resistance is activated via NO signalling, as defence reactions induced by chitosan were downregulated under NO deficient conditions. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry