bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐ and intraspecific differences in the life history and growth of Caridina spp. (Decapoda: Atyidae) in Hong Kong streams
Authors: YAM RITA S. W. , DUDGEON DAVID 
Published: November 2005

Summary1. The life‐history pattern of three populations of Caridina cantonensis (Atyidae) and one population of Caridina serrata were studied in four Hong Kong streams: Pak Ngau Shek (PNS), Kap Man Hang (KMH), Pak Tam Chung (PTC), and Lung Fu Shan (LFS). Caridina cantonensis occurred at PNS, KMH and PTC while C. serrata was present at LFS only. Monthly quantitative sampling was carried out at each study site over 2 years to investigate life‐history patterns and cohort‐specific growth rates.2. Breeding by both species was mainly restricted to the wet season, and there was an increase in the incidence of ovigerous females as water temperatures rose at the start of the summer monsoon. The number of cohorts and the frequency of recruitment of C. cantonensis (one to three times each year) were highly site‐specific, but consistent between years.3. Shrimp growth was size‐dependent, and decreased with increasing body size. Caridina cantonensis at PTC had the highest cohort‐specific growth rates (0.05–0.14 mg ash‐free dry weight (AFDW) mg−1 day−1), followed by C. serrata at LFS (6% lower), and C. cantonensis at KMH and PNS (16–39% lower). Shrimp life spans exceeded 1 year (17–22 months), depending on site and species.4. Sexual maturity occurred at an earlier age and at a smaller size in populations with higher growth rates. Shrimps at PTC and LFS matured at approximately 4 months old; this was 3 months earlier than at KMH and 5 months earlier than at PNS. Females of C. cantonensis at PTC and C. serrata at LFS may have bred twice during each breeding season, while females in the other two populations bred once only. The number of cohorts produced by each population in each year did not vary between the years of the study. Most sexually mature individuals only survived long enough (for 10–12 months after maturation) to breed during one season.5. The mean brood size of C. cantonensis varied among streams and was 25–28% larger at PNS and KMH than at PTC. Egg size did not differ among populations. Larger brood sizes at PNS and KMH may have been a consequence of increased availability of algal food in these unshaded stream sites. Caridina serrata had similar egg and brood sizes to C. cantonensis, but females were smaller and reproductive investment was higher. Thus, the degree of intraspecific variation in atyid breeding in Hong Kong was at least equal to, if not greater than, the extent of interspecific variation. Interspecific differences in life history may reflect the frequency of droughts and spate intensity experienced by C. serrata at LFS.
Estimation of gas‐hydrate concentration and free‐gas saturation at the Norwegian‐Svalbard continental margin
Authors: Carcione José M. , Gei Davide , Rossi Giuliana , Madrussani Gianni 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTWe estimate the concentration of gas hydrate and free gas at an area located to the north of the Knipovich Ridge (western Svalbard margin). The method is based on P‐wave velocities computed by reflection tomography applied to multicomponent ocean‐bottom seismometer data. The tomographic velocity field is fitted to theoretical velocities obtained from a poro‐elastic model based on a Biot‐type approach (the interaction between the rock frame, gas hydrate and fluid is modelled from first physical principles). We obtain average hydrate concentrations of 7% and maximum free‐gas saturations of 0.4% and 9%, depending on the saturation model.
Minimum weighted norm wavefield reconstruction for AVA imaging
Authors: Sacchi Mauricio D. , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTSeismic wavefield reconstruction is posed as an inversion problem where, from inadequate and incomplete data, we attempt to recover the data we would have acquired with a denser distribution of sources and receivers. A minimum weighted norm interpolation method is proposed to interpolate prestack volumes before wave‐equation amplitude versus angle imaging.Synthetic and real data were used to investigate the effectiveness of our wavefield reconstruction scheme when preconditioning seismic data for wave‐equation amplitude versus angle imaging.
A constrained 2D gravity model of the Sebastián Vizcaíno Basin, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: García‐Abdeslem J. , Romo J.M. , Gómez‐Treviño E. , Ramírez‐Hernández J. , Esparza‐Hernández F.J. , Flores‐Luna C.F. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThe subsurface geometry of the Sebastián Vizcaíno Basin is obtained from the 2D inversion of gravity data, constrained by a density‐versus‐depth relationship derived from an oil exploration deep hole. The basin accumulated a thick pile of marine sediments that evolved in the fore‐arc region of the compressive margin prevalent along western North America during Mesozoic and Tertiary times. Our interpretation indicates that the sedimentary infill in the Sebastián Vizcaíno Basin reaches a maximum thickness of about 4 km at the centre of a relatively symmetric basin. At the location of the Suaro‐1 hole, the depth to the basement derived from this work agrees with the drilled interface between calcareous and volcaniclastic members of the Alisitos Formation. A sensitivity analysis strongly suggests that the assumed density function leads to a nearly unique solution of the inverse problem.
Therapeutic working relationships with people with schizophrenia: literature review
Authors: Hewitt Jeanette , Coffey Michael 
Published: November 2005

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for the necessity and sufficiency of therapeutic relationships when working with people with enduring mental health problems, such as schizophrenia.Background.  The value of therapeutic relationships in mental health nursing has been the subject of some debate within the profession. This debate has centred on the spectrum of beliefs about therapeutic relationships, ranging from the position that the relationship is both necessary and sufficient to enable change, to more technical approaches, to therapeutic intervention which de‐emphasises the influence of the relationship.Methods.  Searches for published material in English between 1986 and 2003 were carried out using the following databases: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature; MEDLINE; Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts; Sociological abstracts; and social service abstracts. The search terms were: therapeutic alliance; therapeutic relationship; working alliance; and nurse–patient relationships. Papers chosen for inclusion in the review were those with a research focus on the elements and potential benefits/costs of therapeutic relationships in nursing.Results.  People who experience a relationship as being therapeutic appear to have better outcomes. A consistent finding of a number of meta‐analyses is that therapeutic relationships characterized by facilitative and positive interpersonal relationships with the helper have in‐built benefits, and that this is an important element of advanced techniques. In order for cognitive behavioural therapy to be successful, people need to feel understood and involved in the therapeutic relationship.Conclusion.  Therapeutic relationships are necessary but not sufficient to enable change when working with people with schizophrenia.
Improved visualization and quantitative analysis of fluorescent membrane sterol in polarized hepatic cells
Authors: WÜSTNER D. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryDehydroergosterol is a natural yeast sterol which has recently been employed for direct observation of intracellular sterol transport by UV microscopy. Here, methods are described for improved visualization and quantification of dehydroergosterol in the membranes of polarized HepG2 cells. Using a new online assay, it is shown that dehydroergosterol derived from a cyclodextrin complex inserted into the plasma membrane with a half time of t1/2 ∼ 34 s. Based on a detailed bleaching analysis of dehydroergosterol, slightly different bleaching rates for dehydroergosterol in the basolateral and canalicular membrane were found, indicating different fluorophore environments. Bleaching correction in concert with 3D imaging allows for detection of dehydroergosterol enrichment in microvilli of the canalicular membrane forming the biliary canaliculus. Evidence is provided that some dehydroergosterol accumulating in a subapical compartment or apical recycling compartment can rapidly (t1/2 ∼ 2 min) exchange in vesicles towards the biliary canaliculus while the majority of dehydroergosterol does not redistribute from this compartment. The rapidly exchanging pool resembles only a small portion of the total subapical compartment or apical recycling compartment‐associated dehydroergosterol (about 15–30%). Kinetic modelling supports the theory that the subapical compartment or apical recycling compartment to biliary canaliculus transport pathway for sterol is unidirectional. This pathway might be important for rapid biliary transport of free sterol produced by hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters derived from high density lipoprotein.
Population stress and the Swedish sex ratio
Authors: Catalano Ralph , Bruckner Tim , Hartig Terry , Ong Michael 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWell‐developed theory implies that the human secondary sex ratio moves inversely over time with the level of anxiety and depression in the population. Few tests of this hypothesis, however, appear in the voluminous literature concerned with the sex ratio. These tests, moreover, employ designs that allow only weak inference. We contribute to the literature by applying time‐series methods to Swedish data for the 276 months beginning January 1974 to detect a relationship between the sex ratio and defined daily doses of antidepressants and anxiolytics dispensed to women. Consistent with theory, we find the drug variable inversely related to the sex ratio. We argue that the discovered association cannot be attributed to shared trends, cycles, or other forms of autocorrelation in the data, or to the problem of endogeneity that necessarily plagues studies based on samples of individual women and births. Implications include that surveillance systems might monitor dispensing of anxiolytics and antidepressants as a marker for population stress thought to be a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery.
Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a 42‐year‐old woman with successful pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection embryo transfer
Authors: SHIBAHARA HIROAKI , SHIMADA KAZUHIKO , MORIMATSU YUKAKO , KIKUCHI KUMIKO , HIRANO YUKI , SUZUKI TATSUYA , TAKAMIZAWA SATORU , SUZUKI MITSUAKI 
Published: November 2005

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic complication of ovulation induction for infertile women. It has been shown that patients suffering from OHSS are generally young because OHSS depends on the patient's ovarian reserve. Therefore, women ≥40 years of age seldom suffer from the severe form of OHSS. In the present study, we report a case of severe OHSS that occurred in a 42‐year‐old woman with a successful pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)‐embryo transfer. She had been diagnosed as having polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). After 5 cycles of unsuccessful treatment with gonadotropins plus intrauterine insemination for her husband's asthenozoospermia, the treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART) was indicated. In the third ART attempt, the patient was treated by ICSI‐embryo transfer (ET) and she developed severe OHSS at 4 weeks’ gestation. On admission, marked hemoconcentration, oligouria and hypo‐albuminemia were diagnosed. A continuous autotransfusion system of ascites, which was developed to expand circulating plasma volume without exogenous albumin, was carried out for 5 h at a rate of 100–200 mL/h once a day for a total of 5 days. The course of the pregnancy was uneventful. At 37 weeks’ gestation, a healthy baby boy weighing 3336 g was born by cesarean section when the patient was 43 years of age. The postoperative course was also uneventful. To the best of our knowledge, the present report describes the oldest woman showing severe OHSS. (Reprod Med Biol 2005; 4: 265–269)
Postoperative arrhythmias in colorectal surgical patients: incidence and clinical correlates
Authors: Walsh S. R. , Oates J. E. , Anderson J. A. , Blair S. D. , Makin C. A. , Walsh C. J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective  To determine the incidence and clinical correlates of postoperative cardiac arrhythmias in patients undergoing elective large bowel resection.Methods  Fifty‐one consecutive patients undergoing elective open colorectal resection were recruited for this prospective observational study. Participating patients underwent daily three‐lead electrocardiograms postoperatively. Data regarding potential risk factors for arrhythmias were recorded. Post‐operative complications were recorded.Results  Thirteen (26%) patients developed a postoperative arrhythmia, most commonly atrial fibrillation. Significant univariate correlates with postoperative arrhythmias were: age (P < 0.01), hypertension (P < 0.01), pre‐operative serum potassium levels (P < 0.01), postoperative pulmonary oedema (P = 0.03), postoperative serum potassium (P = 0.03) and sodium (P < 0.01). Arrhythmia patients were more likely to have other complications (P = 0.02). Thirty‐one percent of arrhythmia patients had underlying sepsis compared with 18% of controls (P = 0.38).Conclusion  Arrhythmias are common following elective large bowel resection. They occur in older patients and are associated with the development of other complications.
Phylogeny of the New World medicinal leech family Macrobdellidae (Oligochaeta: Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida)
Authors: Phillips Anna J. , Siddall Mark E. 
Published: November 2005

Phylogenetic analyses of the leech family Macrobdellidae were accomplished with all nominal species in the family save one. A total of 17 specimens in nine ingroup species were analysed, along with four outgroup taxa. Twenty‐two morphological characters based on jaw dentition, sexual anatomy, and external morphology failed to provide a resolution for many of the relationships in the family. DNA sequence data from nuclear 18S rDNA, nuclear 28S rDNA, mitochondrial 12S rDNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I were examined separately and in combination with morphological characters. The resulting combined analysis strongly corroborated the placement of the genus Philobdella within the family Macrobdellidae and as sister to a monophyletic genus Macrobdella, the typical North American medicinal leeches. Furthermore, sequence divergences among these taxa confirmed the existence of two species, Philobdella gracilis and P. floridana, readily distinguishable on the basis of jaw dentition.
A thermodynamic assessment of energy requirements for biomass synthesis by chemolithoautotrophic micro‐organisms in oxic and anoxic environments
Authors: MCCOLLOM T. M. , AMEND J. P. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTThe flow of metabolic energy is arguably the most fundamental property governing ecosystem structure. In many microbial communities, particularly those that inhabit environments with little input of exogenous organic matter such as submarine hydrothermal systems and deep subsurface environments, chemolithoautotrophic organisms generate most of the organic matter available to support heterotrophic growth. In these environments, inorganic chemical reactions constitute the main source of energy input to the system, and the conversion of chemical energy to biomass by chemolithoautotrophs exerts a prominent control on the size, composition, and trophic structure of the biological community. A rigorous accounting of energy flow would aid in understanding the potential biological productivity of chemolithoautotrophic communities and help clarify the limits to habitability in geothermal and subsurface environments. In a step towards achieving a more complete accounting of energy flow in such communities, we present here computations to quantify the amount of thermodynamic energy required to synthesize the molecular components of biomass and to compare the relative energy requirements under oxic and anoxic conditions. The results suggest that only about 10% or less of the overall energy consumed during growth by chemolithoautotrophs is transformed directly into biomass. In addition, the results indicate aerobic organisms require approximately 17 kJ (g cells)−1 more energy than anaerobes to synthesize the same biomass. This advantage may help explain why anaerobic organisms appear to yield greater biomass per unit energy input than aerobic organisms in laboratory growth studies, and why anaerobic micro‐organisms can exist where the energy yield from catabolism is extremely low.
The influence of stress and anxiety on the response of non‐surgical periodontal treatment
Authors: Vettore M. , Quintanilha R. S. , Monteiro da Silva A. M. , Lamarca G. A. , Leão A. T. T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of stress and anxiety on the response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NPT) in patients with chronic periodontitis.Method: Sixty‐six patients (mean age 46.1±8 years) were assigned to three groups: control group, probing pocket depth (PPD) 4 mm, n=20; T1, at least four sites with PPD 4 and 6 mm, n=26; and T2, at least four sites with PPD >6 mm, n=20. Stress, state anxiety (SA) and trait anxiety (TA) and plaque index (PI), gingival index, PPD and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 months after NPT.Results: TA scores were different among groups at baseline and after NPT. TA was related to periodontitis at baseline and after NPT. PI was associated with the SA at baseline. The reduction of frequency of CAL >6 mm was correlated with TA after adjusting for confounders. Stressed subjects did not show reduction of frequency of PPD >6 mm (T1), CAL 4–6 mm and CAL >6 mm (T2).Conclusions: The data suggest an influence of trait of anxiety and stress on the response to NPT.
Adenylate Cyclase Toxin (ACT) fromBordetella hinzii: Characterization and Differences from ACT ofBordetella pertussis
Authors: Donato Gina M. , Hsia Hung-Lun J. , Green Candace S. , Hewlett Erik L. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTBordetella hinziiis a commensal respiratory microorganism in poultry but is increasingly being recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. Although associated with a variety of disease states, practically nothing is known about the mechanisms employed by this bacterium. In this study, we show by DNA sequencing and reverse transcription-PCR that both commensal and clinical strains ofB. hinziipossess and transcriptionally expresscyaA, the gene encoding adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) in other pathogenicBordetellaspecies. By Western blotting, we also found thatB. hinziiproduces full-length ACT protein in quantities that are comparable to those made byB. pertussis. In contrast toB. pertussisACT, however, ACT fromB. hinziiis less extractable from whole bacteria, nonhemolytic, has a 50-fold reduction in adenylate cyclase activity, and is unable to elevate cyclic AMP levels in host macrophages (nontoxic). The decrease in enzymatic activity is attributable, at least in part, to a decreased binding affinity ofB. hinziiACT for calmodulin, the eukaryotic activator ofB. pertussisACT. In addition, we demonstrate that the lack of intoxication byB. hinziiACT may be due to the absence of expression ofcyaC, the gene encoding the accessory protein required for the acylation ofB. pertussisACT. These results demonstrate the expression of ACT byB. hinziiand represent the first characterization of a potential virulence factor of this organism.
Stabilization of Polar Localization of a Chemoreceptor via Its Covalent Modifications and Its Communication with a Different Chemoreceptor
Authors: Shiomi Daisuke , Banno Satomi , Homma Michio , Kawagishi Ikuro 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

In the chemotaxis of
Escherichia coli
, polar clustering of the chemoreceptors, the histidine kinase CheA, and the adaptor protein CheW is thought to be involved in signal amplification and adaptation. However, the mechanism that leads to the polar localization of the receptor is still largely unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of receptor covalent modification on the polar localization of the aspartate chemoreceptor Tar fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Amidation (and presumably methylation) of Tar-GFP enhanced its own polar localization, although the effect was small. The slight but significant effect of amidation on receptor localization was reinforced by the fact that localization of a noncatalytic mutant version of GFP-CheR that targets to the C-terminal pentapeptide sequence of Tar was similarly facilitated by receptor amidation. Polar localization of the demethylated version of Tar-GFP was also enhanced by increasing levels of the serine chemoreceptor Tsr. The effect of covalent modification on receptor localization by itself may be too small to account for chemotactic adaptation, but receptor modification is suggested to contribute to the molecular assembly of the chemoreceptor/histidine kinase array at a cell pole, presumably by stabilizing the receptor dimer-to-dimer interaction.