bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lactase supplementation on infant colic: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kozłowska‐Jalowska Anna , Stróżyk Agata , Horvath Andrea , Szajewska Hania 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo systematically review evidence on the efficacy and safety of using a lactase supplementation for managing infant colic. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched (up to September 2023) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral lactase supplementation with placebo or no intervention in infants younger than 6 months old with infant colic. The risk of bias was assessed using the revised version of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Outcomes measured were selected according to a standardized core outcome set. Five RCTs involving a total of 391 infants were identified. Three RCTs reported reduced crying duration, but one showed effect only in a compliant group (40.4%, p = 0.0052). A meta‐analysis of two RCTs found no difference in crying duration and fussing time during 1 week of lactase treatment compared with placebo (mean difference [MD] –17.66 min/day, 95% confidence interval [CI], −60.8 to 25.5; I2 = 68% and MD 2.75, 95% CI, −58.2 to 57.2; I2 = 80%, respectively). Other outcomes were assessed only in individual studies or not reported. The risk of bias was low in only one RCT, high in three, and raised some concerns in one. While individual trials have shown some promise, the overall evidence for the efficacy of lactase supplementation in treating infant colic remain inconclusive. Further well‐designed RCTs are necessary to determine the effects of lactase on managing infant colic.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, Veterans Health Administration use, and care‐seeking among recent‐era U.S. veterans
Authors: Porter Ben , Dozier Mary E. , Seelig Amber D. , Zhu Yunnuo , Patoilo Michaela S. , Boyko Edward J. , Rull Rudolph P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study investigated the associations among probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), recent Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care use, and care‐seeking for PTSD in U.S. military veterans. Analyses were conducted among 19,691 active duty military personnel enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study who separated from the military between 2000 and 2012 and were weighted to the 1,130,103 active duty personnel who separated across this time period. VHA utilization was identified from electronic medical records in the year before survey completion, and PTSD care‐seeking and PTSD symptoms were assessed through self‐report on the 2014–2016 survey; thus, the observation period regarding care‐seeking and VHA use encompassed 2013–2016. Veterans with probable PTSD were more likely to use VHA services than those without probable PTSD, aOR = 1.12, 95% CI [1.01, 1.24], although the strongest association with recent VHA use was a depression diagnosis, aOR = 2.47, 95% CI [2.26, 2.70]. Among veterans with probable PTSD, the strongest predictor of care‐seeking was recent VHA use compared to community care, aOR = 4.01, 95% CI [3.40, 4.74); reporting a diagnosis of depression was the second strongest predictor of PTSD care‐seeking, OR = 2.99, 95% CI [2.53, 3.54]. However, the absolute number of veterans with probable PTSD who were not seeking care was approximately equivalent between veterans using VHA services and those not using VHA services. Additionally, certain groups were identified as being at risk of not seeking care, namely Air Force veterans and veterans with high physical and mental functioning despite substantial PTSD symptoms.
Associations between transdiagnostic traits of psychopathology and hybrid posttraumatic stress disorder factors in a trauma‐exposed community sample
Authors: Sprunger Joel G. , Girard Jeffrey M. , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology hold promise for understanding the high rates of comorbidity with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Linking PTSD symptoms to transdiagnostic dimensions of psychopathology may enable researchers and clinicians to understand the patterns and breadth of behavioral sequelae following traumatic experiences that may be shared with other psychiatric disorders. To explore this premise, we recruited a trauma‐exposed online community sample (N = 462) and measured dimensional transdiagnostic traits of psychopathology using parceled facets derived from the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 Faceted–Short Form. PTSD symptom factors were measured using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 and derived using confirmatory factor analysis according to the seven‐factor hybrid model (i.e., Intrusions, Avoidance, Negative Affect, Anhedonia, Externalizing Behaviors, Anxious Arousal, And Dysphoric Arousal). We observed hypothesized associations between PTSD factors and transdiagnostic traits indicating that some transdiagnostic dimensions were associated with nearly all PTSD symptom factors (e.g., emotional lability: rmean = .35), whereas others showed more unique relationships (e.g., hostility–Externalizing Behavior: r = .60; hostility with other PTSD factors: rs = .12–.31). All PTSD factors were correlated with traits beyond those that would appear to be construct‐relevant, suggesting the possibility of indirect associations that should be explicated in future research. The results indicate the breadth of trait‐like consequences associated with PTSD symptom exacerbation, with implications for case conceptualization and treatment planning. Although PTSD is not a personality disorder, the findings indicate that increased PTSD factor severity is moderately associated with different patterns of trait‐like disruptions in many areas of functioning.
Bird‐habitat associations and local‐scale vegetation structure in lowland brushlands
Authors: Hawkinson Annie J. , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Roy Charlotte L. , Shartell Lindsey M. , Andersen David E. , Stevens Thomas K. , Knosalla Lori J. , Frelich Lee E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBrushlands support a diverse suite of bird species, including species of conservation concern in the western Great Lakes region of central North America. Information on how to effectively manage lowland brushlands for birds and associations between breeding birds and local‐scale vegetation structure and composition is lacking. We surveyed lowland brushlands from 2016–2018 in Minnesota, USA, to assess bird‐habitat associations using avian point‐count surveys and fixed‐radius vegetation plots. We used Poisson regression models to assess the associations between breeding bird species richness, total abundance, and abundance of frequently detected species (using counts as an index for abundance) to woody stem density and height, patchiness of woody stem density, variation of woody stem height, and number of woody plant species. Sedge wrens (Cistothorus stellaris), the most abundant species, were negatively associated with multiple woody plant metrics and positively associated with patchiness. Common yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) were the second‐most abundant species and associated with low‐stature woody plants (<1 m based on average heights in study sites). Bird species richness, alder flycatchers (Empidonax alnorum), chestnut‐sided warblers (Setophaga pensylvanica), swamp sparrows (Melospiza georgiana), veeries (Catharus fuscescens), and yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) increased with woody vegetation height. Chestnut‐sided warbler and Nashville warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla) abundances also increased with woody stem density. We suggest that managing lowland brushlands to promote diverse woody plant structure, including tall shrubs and areas with patchy, open herbaceous cover, by implementing temporally and spatially variable disturbance regimes, may benefit bird species that rely on lowland brushlands with a range of vegetation structure requirements.
Satisfactory 5‐year functional outcomes following primary ACL reconstructions from the UK National Ligament Registry
Authors: Gabr Ayman , Mancino Fabio , Robinson James , Hage William , O'Leary Sean , Spalding Tim , Haddad Fares S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to describe the 10‐year findings from the UK National Ligament Registry (NLR).MethodsA retrospective review was performed for prospectively collected data on the NLR between January 2013 and December 2022. All patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) on the registry were included. Surgical characteristics were analysed, including surgeon grade and case volume, concomitant knee procedures, venous thromboembolic prophylaxis, graft characteristics, femoral and tibial tunnel drilling, and fixation methods. Clinical outcomes were collected preoperatively and at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years following the index procedure.ResultsDuring the study period, 17,492 unilateral ACLR procedures were recorded. Autograft was used in 98%, most commonly a combined semitendinosus and gracilis graft (77%) or patella tendon graft (31%). Allograft was used in only 1% of the patients. In 52% of cases, ACLR was associated with an additional procedure, with isolated medial meniscal surgery being the most common (21%). Femoral tunnel drilling was mostly performed through an anteromedial portal (73%) and tibial tunnel drilling using an outside–in technique (92%). The most common method of femoral graft fixation was with an Endobutton fixed loop suspensory device (77%), while interference screws predominated for tibial tunnel fixation (86%). Patients who underwent ACLR surgery showed significant improvement in their functional outcome scores at six months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years postoperatively.ConclusionData from the NLR shows a detailed description of the current trends and evolution of ACLR in the United Kingdom over the last 10 years. Satisfactory functional outcomes were observed 5 years postoperatively. This study provides useful information on the prevalence of ACL‐associated injuries and current surgical techniques with the aim of improving the quality of clinical care and patients' outcomes. Moreover, it provides surgeons with a benchmark against which to compare current practices and functional outcomes following ACLR across the United Kingdom.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
A practical guide to the development and deployment of deep learning models for the orthopaedic surgeon: Part III, focus on registry creation, diagnosis, and data privacy
Authors: Oeding Jacob F. , Yang Linjun , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , Camp Christopher L. , Karlsson Jón , Samuelsson Kristian , Pearle Andrew D. , Ranawat Anil S. , Kelly Bryan T. , Pareek Ayoosh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeep learning is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) with enormous potential to transform orthopaedic surgery. As has already become evident with the deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT (OpenAI Inc.), deep learning can rapidly enter clinical and surgical practices. As such, it is imperative that orthopaedic surgeons acquire a deeper understanding of the technical terminology, capabilities and limitations associated with deep learning models. The focus of this series thus far has been providing surgeons with an overview of the steps needed to implement a deep learning‐based pipeline, emphasizing some of the important technical details for surgeons to understand as they encounter, evaluate or lead deep learning projects. However, this series would be remiss without providing practical examples of how deep learning models have begun to be deployed and highlighting the areas where the authors feel deep learning may have the most profound potential. While computer vision applications of deep learning were the focus of Parts I and II, due to the enormous impact that natural language processing (NLP) has had in recent months, NLP‐based deep learning models are also discussed in this final part of the series. In this review, three applications that the authors believe can be impacted the most by deep learning but with which many surgeons may not be familiar are discussed: (1) registry construction, (2) diagnostic AI and (3) data privacy. Deep learning‐based registry construction will be essential for the development of more impactful clinical applications, with diagnostic AI being one of those applications likely to augment clinical decision‐making in the near future. As the applications of deep learning continue to grow, the protection of patient information will become increasingly essential; as such, applications of deep learning to enhance data privacy are likely to become more important than ever before.Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Accurate surgical posterior tibial slope alteration can be achieved in total knee arthroplasty regardless of surgeon skill level or local soft tissue thickness—A retrospective radiograph‐based study
Authors: Pichler Lorenz , El Kayali Moses K. D. , Kirschbaum Stephanie , Perka Carsten F. , Gwinner Clemens 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively report on the impact of local soft tissue thickness and surgeon skill level on the accuracy of surgical posterior tibial slope (PTS) alteration achieved in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) utilising lateral knee radiographs.MethodsPre‐ and postoperative radiographs of 82 patients undergoing primary TKA using conventional mechanical alignment technique were measured by two observers and subjected to quality criteria for accurate measurement of the PTS. All patients underwent a standardised surgical approach for PTS alteration: cruciate‐retaining (CR) cases with preoperative PTS ≤ 10° were set for reconstruction of the preoperative PTS. Cases indicated for posterior‐stabilised (PS) design and/or with a preoperative PTS > 10° were set for 3° of postoperative PTS. Pretibial subcutaneous fat (PSF) and surgeon skill level were analysed for their predictive quality regarding the accuracy of surgical PTS alteration achieved.ResultsThe overall mean postoperative PTS was significantly lower than the preoperative values (6.2°, SD 2.7 vs. 7.7°, SD 3.2; p = 0.002103). Neither local soft tissue thickness, namely PSF, nor surgeon skill level was found to be a predictor of the accuracy of surgical PTS alteration achieved. Among cases set for PTS reconstruction, 25.9% and 42.6% achieved a postoperative PTS within ±1° and ±2° of preoperative values, respectively. In patients with a PTS > 10° or those indicated for PS design, slope reduction was achieved with a mean postoperative PTS of 6.5°. Furthermore, 14.3% and 32.1% of cases were within ±1° and ±2° of 3, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that accurate surgical alteration of the PTS is possible in TKA regardless of local knee soft tissue thickness or surgeon skill level. This proves the clinical feasibility of both targeted reduction as well as reconstruction of the PTS in TKA.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective cohort study.
Implantation of hUCB‐MSCs generates greater hyaline‐type cartilage than microdrilling combined with high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Jung Se‐Han , Park Hyunjin , Jung Min , Chung Kwangho , Kim Sungjun , Moon Hyun‐Soo , Park Jisoo , Lee Ju‐Hyung , Choi Chong‐Hyuk , Kim Sung‐Hwan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the outcomes of treating large cartilage defects in knee osteoarthritis using human allogeneic umbilical cord blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB‐MSC) implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling as a supplementary cartilage regenerative procedure combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO).MethodsThis 1‐year prospective comparative study included 25 patients with large, near full‐thickness cartilage defects (International Cartilage Repair Society grade ≥ IIIB) in the medial femoral condyles and varus malalignment. Defects were treated with hUCB‐MSC implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling combined with HTO. The primary outcomes were pain visual analogue scale and International Knee Documentation Committee subjective scores at 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Secondary outcomes included arthroscopic, histological and magnetic resonance imaging assessments at 1 year.ResultsFifteen and 10 patients were treated via hUCB‐MSC implantation and microdrilling, respectively. Baseline demographics, limb alignment and clinical outcomes did not significantly differ between the groups. Cartilage defects and total restored areas were significantly larger in the hUCB‐MSC group (7.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1 cm2, p = 0.023; 4.5 ± 1.4 vs. 3.0 ± 1.6 cm2, p = 0.035). The proportion of moderate‐to‐strong positive type II collagen staining was significantly higher in the hUCB‐MSC group compared to that in the microdrilled group (93.3% vs. 60%, respectively). Rigidity upon probing resembled that of normal cartilage tissue more in the hUCB‐MSC group (86.7% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.075). Histological findings revealed a higher proportion of hyaline cartilage in the group with implanted hUCB‐MSC (p = 0.041).ConclusionhUCB‐MSC implantation showed comparable clinical outcomes to those of microdrilling as supplementary cartilage procedures combined with HTO in the short term, despite the significantly larger cartilage defect in the hUCB‐MSC group. The repaired cartilage after hUCB‐MSC implantation showed greater hyaline‐type cartilage with rigidity than that after microdrilling.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Prospective Comparative Cohort Study.
Linear Terahertz Frequency Conversion in a Temporal‐Boundary Metasurface
Authors: Xu Guizhen , Xing Hongyang , Lu Dan , Fan Junxing , Xue Zhanqiang , Shum Perry Ping , Cong Longqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLinear frequency conversion enabled by a temporal boundary of a resonant cavity provides a promising alternative to generating new frequency components, where the temporal boundary can be introduced by rapidly modifying the refractive index of the cavity. However, the perturbed photon dynamics during the ultrafast linear process is still vague. Here, the photon dynamics based on temporal coupled‐mode theory are explored and the phenomena are demonstrated with a silicon metasurface via simulations and experiments in the terahertz regime. With the time‐varying real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, a periodic modulation (Td) of the amplification coefficient of the newly generated photons is observed where the optimized coefficient occurs in the first period at td = Td /2. It further establishes a dynamic critical coupling condition to improve the amplification coefficient in the dynamic process. The scheme of linear frequency conversion via temporal boundary can revolutionize the paradigm of parametric amplification from nonlinear to linear processes, and conversion efficiency will be improved in a high‐quality factor cavity. The ultrafast modulation will find applications in optical signal processing, modulators, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for development of the next‐generation communications.
Multiple biomaterials for immediate implant placement tissue repair: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Su Xiaoqi , Jia Shasha , Wang Xueya , Zhao Baodong , Wang Guowei , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmediate oral implant placement is a widely accepted technique, known for its efficacy in reducing treatment duration, surgical visits, and overall healing time. One of the primary challenges associated with immediate implant placement is the attainment of initial stability. The inevitable loss of bone and soft tissue after extraction poses a risk to implant osseointegration in both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is a well‐established method for periodontal regeneration. However, current GTR/GBR membranes lack tissue inherent regeneration properties and necessitate combination with grafts to enhance tissue recovery. In this context, biomaterials have emerged as a promising option due to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactive properties. They present a potential alternative to standard autologous/allograft procedures. The field of biomaterials for bone regeneration has rapidly evolved, developing new guiding materials and engineering techniques. These advances have become integral in addressing tissue defects at the immediate implant site. Various materials such as bioceramics, natural polymers, and synthetic polymers have been used for tissue repair. This article undertakes an etiological examination of tissue deficiency associated with immediate implant placement. Additionally, it reviews the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of biomaterials, aiming to provide references for clinical treatment and areas for further investigation.
Bruceantinol targeting STAT3 exerts promising antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo osteosarcoma models
Authors: Miao Jinglei , Chen Shijie , Cao Hongqing , Ding Zhiyu , Li Yuezhan , Wang Weiguo , Nundlall Keshav , Deng Youwen , Li Jinsong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBruceantinol (BOL) is a quassinoid compound found in the fruits of Brucea javanica. Previous research has highlighted the manifold physiological and pharmacological activities of BOL. Notably, BOL has demonstrated antitumor cytotoxic and antibacterial effects, lending support to its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases. Despite being recognized as a potent antitumor inhibitor in multiple cancer types, its efficacy against osteosarcoma (OS) has not been elucidated. In this work, we investigated the antitumor properties of BOL against OS. Our findings showed that BOL significantly decreased the proliferation and migration of OS cells, induced apoptosis, and caused cell death without affecting the cell cycle. We further confirmed that BOL potently suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanismly, we discovered that BOL directly bound to STAT3, and prevent the activation of STAT3 signaling at low nanomolar concentrations. Overall, our study demonstrated that BOL potently inhibited the growth and metastasis of OS, and efficiently suppressed STAT3 signaling pathway. These results suggest that BOL could be a promising therapeutic candidate for OS.
Strategic analysis of green technology unilateral licensing under carbon cap‐and‐trade policy
Authors: Lin Gui‐Hua , Liu Yang‐Ping , Zhang Qi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe investigate green technology unilateral licensing strategies between two competing manufacturers under carbon cap‐and‐trade policy. We construct Nash game models and compare the optimal strategies in the unilateral licensing situation with the no‐licensing situation. Comprehensive numerical experiments are taken to investigate the influence of some key parameters on optimal decisions. Our findings show that the green technology unilateral licensing strategy may benefit consumers; when green technology improvement is high, manufacturers tend to take the unilateral licensing strategy to obtain more profits; when initial unit carbon emission difference is moderate or large, the optimal strategy is that the manufacturer with lower level of green technology acts as the licensor; green technology unilateral licensing strategy may not necessarily reduce all manufacturers' total carbon emissions; only when green technology improvement is high, the unilateral licensing strategy is beneficial to environmental protection.
Financial asset allocations, economic policy uncertainty, and enterprise digital transformation
Authors: Shao Xuefeng , Wang Longqi , Li Xinda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of financial asset allocations on digital transformation is empirically explored by selecting a sample of 1,263 Chinese A‐share manufacturing enterprises. In addition, the maturity difference, moderating effect, and heterogeneity of financial assets are analyzed. The results show an “inverted U‐shaped” correlation between financial asset allocations and the digital transformation of enterprises. The short‐term financial assets provide a “reservoir” for the application of digital technology, while the long‐term financial assets cause a crowding‐out effect. Moreover, economic policy uncertainty exerts a moderating effect and enhances the positive impact of financial asset allocations on digital transformation.