bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic expression patterns of mitral valve tissues from dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease
Authors: Oyama Mark A. , Chittur Sridar V. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate global genome expression patterns of mitral valve tissues from dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD).
Sample Population—Anterior mitral valve leaflets of 4 dogs with severe DMVD and 4 healthy control dogs.
Procedures—Transcriptional activities of 23,851 canine DNA sequences were determined by use of an oligonucleotide microarray. Genome expression patterns of tissue from dogs with DMVD were evaluated by measuring the relative amount of complementary RNA hybridization to the microarray probes and by comparing it with gene expression from healthy control dogs.
Results—229 transcripts were differentially expressed (≥ 2-fold change). In dogs with DMVD, expression of 159 transcripts was upregulated and expression of 70 transcripts was downregulated. Of the 229 transcripts, 152 genes could be specifically identified. These genes were grouped into 1 of 9 categories on the basis of their primary physiologic function. Grouping revealed that pathways involving cell signaling, inflammation, extracellular matrix, immune function, cell defense, and metabolism were generally upregulated. Inflammatory cytokines and the serotonin-transforming growth factor-β pathway were identified as contributory to the pathophysiologic aspects of DMVD.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Evaluation of global expression patterns provides a molecular portrait of mitral valve disease, yields insight into the pathophysiologic aspects of DMVD, and identifies intriguing genes and pathways for further study.
Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and calciotropic hormones in donkeys
Authors: Lopez Ignacio , Estepa Jose C. , Mendoza Francisco J. , Rodriguez Mariano , Aguilera-Tejero Escolastico 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To provide reference values for serum biochemical variables that are used for evaluation of mineral metabolism in donkeys and compare values with those in horses.
Animals—18 donkeys and 18 horses.
Procedures—Total calcium (tCa), total magnesium (tMg), and inorganic phosphorus (P) concentrations were measured in serum samples via spectrophotometry. Ionized calcium (iCa) and magnesium (iMg) concentrations were quantified with selective electrodes. By use of a micropartition system, tCa and tMg were fractionated to separate protein-bound (pCa, pMg) and ultrafiltrable fractions. Complexed calcium (cCa) and magnesium (cMg) concentrations were calculated by substracting ionized fractions from ultrafiltrable fractions. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol (CTR) concentrations were measured via radioimmunoassay.
Results—Serum tCa concentration in donkeys (3.37 ± 0.21 mmol/L) was composed of pCa (1.59 ± 0.21 mmol/L [47.0 ± 4.2%]), iCa (1.69 ± 0.04 mmol/L [50.4 ± 3.0%]), and cCa (0.09 ± 0.08 mmol/L [2.6 ± 2.9%]). Serum tMg concentration (1.00 ± 0.08 mmol/L) was fractioned in pMg (0.23 ± 0.08 mmol/L [23.4 ± 8.1%]), iMg (0.59 ± 0.04 mmol/L [58.8 ± 5.1%]), and cMg (0.18 ± 0.08 mmol/L [17.8 ± 7.2%]). Serum concentrations of P (1.14 ± 0.30 mmol/L), PTH (20.4 ± 21.2 pg/mL), and CTR (13.4 ± 5.9 pg/mL) were determined.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum variables of mineral metabolism in donkeys were within reference ranges for horses. However, when compared with horses, donkeys had higher iCa, cMg, and CTR and lower pMg and PTH concentrations.
Genotypic relatedness of staphylococcal strains isolated from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis
Authors: Pinchbeck Lauren R. , Cole Lynette K. , Hillier Andrew , Kowalski Joseph J. , Rajala-Schultz Päivi J. , Bannerman Tammy L. , York Steven 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether staphylococcal isolates cultured from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis were genotypically the same strain by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Animals—40 dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis.
Procedures—Samples were obtained from 3 pustules and 3 carriage sites (anus, axillary skin, and nasal mucosa). Bacterial culture, morphologic identification, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests, speciation, and PFGE were performed.
Results—Of 246 isolates, 203 were Staphylococcus intermedius, 5 were Staphylococcus aureus, 15 were Staphylococcusspp, and 22 were coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates. No dog had an isolate with the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from another dog. Coagulase-positive isolates from multiple pustules and multiple carriage sites had the same PFGE pattern in 37 of 39 (94.9%) and 22 of 39 (56.4%) dogs, respectively. Coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from at least 1 pustule had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 carriage site in 34 of 36 (94.4%) dogs. Ninety-seven of 116 (83.6%) coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pustules had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 carriage site. Sixty-nine of 91 (75.8%) coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from carriage sites had the same PFGE pattern as an isolate from at least 1 pustule.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Coagulasepositive staphylococcal strains were heterogeneous among dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis. In individual dogs, strains from multiple pustules were genotypically the same, and strains from pustules were genotypically the same as strains from carriage sites.
Antemortem detection of latent infection with neuropathogenic strains of equine herpesvirus-1 in horses
Authors: Allen George P. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate a technique for identifying horses latently infected with neuropathogenic strains of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1).
Animals—36 adult mares, 24 of which were experimentally infected as weanlings with neuropathogenic or nonneuropathogenic EHV-1.
Procedures—Mandibular lymph node (MLN) tissue was obtained from each horse via biopsy during general anesthesia. Purified DNA from MLNs was tested for EHV-1 DNA by use of a magnetic bead, sequencecapture, nested PCR assay. For MLNs that contained EHV-1 DNA, the 256-bp DNA fragments amplified via sequence-capture nested PCR were sequenced to determine the nucleotide at the polymorphic site that determines pathotype (ie, neuropathotype [G2254] or non-neuropathotype [A2254]).
Results—Latent viral DNA was detected in 26 of the 36 (72%) mares tested. Neuropathogenic and nonneuropathogenic EHV-1 genotypes were detected in the latently infected horses. In each mare previously infected with known EHV-1 pathotypes, the open reading frame 30 genotype of latent EHV-1 was identical to that of the strain that had been inoculated 4 to 5 years earlier. Latent viral DNA was detected in 10 of the 12 mares that were inoculated as weanlings with neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1. The detection rate of the sequence-capture PCR method for EHV-1 latency was double that of conventional nested or realtime PCR assays performed on the same MLN DNA preparations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The magnetic bead, sequence-capture, nested PCR technique enabled low-threshold detection of DNA from latent neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1 in MLN specimens from live horses. The technique may be used to screen horses for latent neuropathogenic EHV-1 infection.
Classification of Actinobacillus spp isolates from horses involved in mare reproductive loss syndrome
Authors: Donahue James M. , Sells Stephen F. , Bolin David C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To identify Actinobacillus spp isolates recovered from fetuses and pericardial fluid from horses affected with mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) and determine whether these bacterial species are the same as those isolated from clinically normal horses.
Sample Population—Isolates of actinobacilli recovered from 18 horses with pericarditis and 109 fetuses aborted by mares affected by MRLS.
Procedures—Actinobacillus spp isolates were identified to the level of species or subspecies by use of conventional phenotypic tests and biochemical and enzyme test kits. The 16S rRNA gene from selected isolates was amplified, purified, and sequenced. Sequence data were compared with sequence data for actinobacilli in GenBank.
Results—Of the 109 isolates obtained from fetuses, 14 were Actinobacillus equuli subsp equuli, 65 were A equuli subsp haemolyticus, 28 were Bisgaard taxon 10–like bacterium, and 2 were Actinobacillus genomospecies 1. Of the 18 isolates from horses with pericarditis, 4 were A equuli subsp equuli, 13 were A equuli subsp haemolyticus, and 1 was Bisgaard taxon 10–like bacterium. Comparisons with published data and GenBank data revealed that the isolates recovered from horses with MRLS were the same as those isolated from the oral cavity or alimentary tract of healthy horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Actinobacillus spp isolates recovered from fetuses and pericardial fluid samples of horses affected by MRLS in 2001 to 2003 were identical to Actinobacillus spp found in the oral cavity and alimentary tracts of healthy horses.
Corneal ulceration associated with naturally occurring canine herpesvirus-1 infection in two adult dogs
Authors: Ledbetter Eric C. , Riis Ronald C. , Kern Thomas J. , Haley Nicholas J. , Schatzberg Scott J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-year-old Labrador Retriever with diabetes mellitus in which bilateral phacoemulsification had been performed 3 weeks earlier was evaluated for acute onset of blepharospasm, and a 7-year-old Miniature Schnauzer with chronic immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was reevaluated for keratoconjunctivitis sicca that had been diagnosed 4 weeks earlier.
Clinical Findings—Dendritic corneal ulcerations were detected in both dogs. Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) was isolated from corneal swab specimens obtained during the initial evaluation of each dog and during recheck examinations performed until the ulcerations were healed. Canine herpesvirus-1 serum neutralization titers were detected in both dogs. Results of virus isolation from oropharyngeal and genital swab specimens were negative for both dogs. The isolated viruses were identified as CHV-1 via immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, PCR assay, and gene sequencing. Negative controls for PCR assay and virus isolation included conjunctival swab specimens from 50 dogs without extraocular disease and corneal swab specimens from 50 dogs with corneal ulcers, respectively.
Treatment and Outcome—Lesions resolved in both dogs after topical administration of idoxuridine or trifluridine and discontinuation of topically administered immunosuppressive medications.
Clinical Relevance—To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of corneal ulcerations associated with naturally occurring CHV-1 infection and may represent local ocular recrudescence of latent CHV-1 infection. The viruses isolated were identified as CHV-1, and the morphology, antigenicity, and genotype were similar to those for CHV-1 isolates obtained from a puppy that died from systemic CHV-1 infection.
Comparison of two surgical techniques for management of intramural ureteral ectopia in dogs: 36 cases (1994–2004)
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Lee Karla C. L. , Gregory Susan P. , Brockman Daniel J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome associated with intramural ureteral ectopia treated with 1 of 2 surgical techniques (neoureterostomy with ligation of the distal ureteral segment vs neoureterostomy with resection of the distal ureteral segment) and compare results of these 2 techniques in dogs.
Design—Multicenter retrospective case series.
Animals—36 dogs (15 treated with the ligation technique and 21 treated with the resection technique).
Procedures—Information was obtained from medical records. Long-term follow-up information was obtained by owner questionnaire.
Results—15 of 21 (71%) dogs in the resection group and 7 of 14 (50%) dogs in the ligation group still had urinary incontinence after surgery. Three of 20 (15%) dogs in the resection group and 4 of 14 (29%) dogs in the ligation group reportedly had multiple episodes of urinary tract infection following surgery. The outcome of surgery was judged to be excellent by the owners of 10 of 18 (56%) dogs in the resection group and 9 of 14 (64%) dogs in the ligation group. No significant differences were found between surgery treatment groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggest that although most owners of dogs that undergo surgery for treatment of intramural ureteral ectopia consider the outcome of surgery to be excellent, substantial proportions of dogs will continue to have urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections after surgery. Findings do not provide any support to the hypothesis that the resection technique is superior to the ligation technique for management of dogs with intramural ureteral ectopia.
Digeneans from deep-sea marine teleosts off the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, including the description of Brachyenteron helicoleni sp. nov. (Zoogonidae)
Authors: Bray Rodney , Kuchta Roman 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFifteen species of digeneans are reported from the waters off the islands of the Outer Hebrides, off north-western Scotland. Trifoliovarium allocytti comb. nov. from Neocyttus helgae is described, figured, and reported for the first time in the northern hemisphere. Brachyenteron helicoleni sp. nov. from Helicolenus dactylopterus is described and considered distinct from other species in the genital pore being at the level of the pharynx, the relatively narrow caeca, the vitellarium being mainly at the level of the ventral sucker and the anterior hindbody, the posteriorly situated, oblique testes, the small amount of post-testicular uterus, the small, delicate cirrus-sac and the large eggs. Derogenes varicus and Lepidapedon arlenae are reported from Caelorhinchus labiatus and Paralepidapedon williamsi is reported from Cottunculus thomsoni for the first time. Steringovermes notacanthi and Prodistomum priedei are reported from off Scotland for the first time. The reports of Derogenes varicus at 1,800 m depth and Zoogonoides viviparus at 1,000 m are deeper records than have previously been published.
Trematodes from Red Sea fishes: Pachycreadium lethrini sp. nov. (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925) and Pseudometadena aegyptensis sp. nov. (Cryptogonimidae Ward, 1917), with a review of their genera
Authors: Hassanine Reda 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSpecimens of the fishes Lethrinus nebulosus Forsskål (Lethrinidae) and Diplodus noct Valenciennes (Sparidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Ten (33%) and 12 (24%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. L. nebulosus was parasitised by Pachycreadium lethrini sp. nov. (Opecoelidae) and D. noct by Pseudometadena aegyptensis sp. nov. (Cryptogonimidae). P. lethrini sp. nov. is unique in having distinctly unequal testes, contiguous gonads arranged obliquely in the right side of hindbody and a small egg size. However, it differs from each of the other three species of the genus in several other features: from P. gastrocotylum (Manter, 1940) Manter, 1954 in having a smaller sucker ratio and vitelline follicles terminating anteriorly at the level of intestinal bifurcation; from P. carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819) Cortini et Ferretti, 1959 in having a smaller body, a smaller sucker ratio, a genital pore situated ventrally to the anterior border of pharynx, a pretesticular ovary and vitelline follicles extending anteriorly to the level of intestinal bifurcation; and from P. lerneri Sogandares-Bernal, 1959 in having a larger body, a smaller sucker ratio and an unlobed ovary. P. angolensis Aleshkina et Gaevskaya, 1985 is considered an invalid species in Pachycreadium. P. aegyptensis sp. nov. is similar to P. celebesensis Yamaguti, 1952, but mainly differs in having a larger pharynx, a much shorter oesophagus, extensive vitelline acini and a shorter seminal vesicle. Pachycreadium Manter, 1954 and Pseudometadena Yamaguti, 1952 are briefly reviewed.
Ultrastructure of vitellocytes in the cestode Progrillotia pastinacae Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha, Progrillotiidae)
Authors: Świderski Zdzisław , Miquel Jordi , Młocicki Daniel , Neifar Lassad , Grytner-Zięcina Barbara , Mackiewicz John 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe present study describes the ultrastructure of mature vitellocytes of the trypanorhynch cestode Progrillotia pastinacae Dollfus, 1946 (Progrillotiidae), a parasite of the common stingray Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dasyatidae). The vitelline cells of this species measure about 24 μm in length and about 20 μm in width. They have small, elongated, slightly lobulated nuclei, about 4–5 μm in length, with large dense elongated nucleoli and numerous irregularly-shaped dense clumps of heterochromatin. The extensive cytoplasm is rich in numerous cell organelles and cell inclusions. While the perinuclear cytoplasm contains numerous long parallel cisternae of GER, ribo-and polyribosomes, several Golgi complexes and mitochondria, the peripheral cytoplasm contains predominantly three types of cell inclusions: a great number of large lipid droplets, several shell globule clusters, and a very small amount of glycogen-like particles. The most characteristic features of vitellocytes in P. pastinacae are having almost no traces of glycogen and the great number of large, highly osmiophobic lipid droplets representing saturated fatty acids. The presence of large amounts of lipids also in two other trypanorhynchs, Grillotia erinaceus (Beneden, 1858) Guiart, 1927 and Dollfusiella spinulifera (Beveridge et Jones, 2000) Beveridge, Neifar et Euzet, 2004, is in strong contrast to the condition in the most evolved cestodes, Cyclophyllidea, that usually show no trace of lipids.
South American species of Paragordius Camerano, 1897 (Gordiida, Nematomorpha), with redescription of Paragordius minusculus and a description of a new species
Authors: Zanca Fernanda , Villalobos Cristina 
Published: August 2006

AbstractParagordius is a genus of Gordiida with a worldwide distribution, but with a scarce specific diversity. Sixteen species of the genus Paragordius have been described so far. In many cases, as with the other genera of Gordiida, the original descriptions of the species are insufficient due to the limitations of the techniques employed. In this work the holotypes of P. minusculus and P. esavianus are redescribed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a new species of Paragordius is described, the distribution for P. esavianus and P. varius is enlarged and a new host record of P. esavianus is presented.
First record of the Indo-Pacific Cymothoa indica (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a Lessepsian species in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Trilles Jean-Paul , Bariche Michel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCymothoa indica, a typical Indo-Pacific genus and species, is reported for the first time in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Specimens were found parasitizing mainly barracudas (Sphyraenidae) from Lebanon. Female and male specimens are described on collected materials. To date, the genus Cymothoa has not been reported in the Mediterranean Sea although it is widely represented in other areas of the world. It is suggested that C. indica should be added to the list of exotic species introduced from the Red Sea and known as Lessepsian migrants.
Physicomechanical and hydrophobic properties of starch foams extruded with different biodegradable polymers
Authors: Nabar Yogaraj U. , Draybuck David , Narayan Ramani 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBlends of hydroxypropylated high amylose starch and various functional aids listed below were extruded into foams using a twin‐screw extruder ZSK ‐ 30. In this study, the hydrophobic character and mechanical properties of starch foams were improved by using other biodegradable polymers, such as poly‐caprolactone (PCL), poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), cellulose acetate (CA), methylated pectin (MP), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and crosslinkers like glyoxal. The hydrophobic character was improved in terms of a reduction in steady state weight gain, and an increase in dimensional stability (reduction in loss of radial and longitudinal dimensions) on moisture sorption. At the same time, efforts were made to maximize the expansion ratios by reduction of unit densities. Formulations of these foams (in terms of additive content and other processing parameters) were optimized. Particular formulations with PVA, polyesters like PCL and PBAT, and glyoxal with PVA gave foams with unit densities lower than 25 kg/m3. The dimensional stability increased with an increase in the polyester content, but the density increased beyond an optimum polyester content, too. The loss in radial and longitudinal dimensions under steady state conditions was 12–20% with polyesters as compared to about 50–55% for control starch. Addition of these processing aids did decrease the water sensitivity of the starch foams. Foams with CA and methylated pectin, in the presence/absence of glyoxal, had marginally lower unit densities and slightly higher expansion ratios, as compared to those of control starch. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 58–68, 2006
Morphology transition of bismaleimide‐modified novolac resin
Authors: Lu Guotao , Huang Ying , Yan Yehai , Zhao Tong , Yu Yunzhao 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe bismaleimide (BMI)‐modified novolac resin was synthesized by allylation of the novolac resin and its “Ene” reaction with BMI. The reactions were monitored by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The morphology of the BMI‐modified novolac resin changed with degree of allylation (i.e., the amount of BMI used). On the basis of the studies done by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), it was found that when the degree of allylation increased from 48 to 59%, the resin changed from a single‐phase structure to a two‐phase structure. From the research by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and DMA, it was found that the higher allyl‐content (when > 48%) caused a decrease of the thermal properties and mechanical properties of the resultant resin. The BMI‐modified allyl novolac resin with 48% degree of allylation has the best thermal properties and the highest dynamic modulus in the current research. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 76–83, 2006