bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Effects of Some Kaolin Minerals. II. Halloysite
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structural change of halloysite with heat-treatment in the relatively low temperature region has been studied, and was compared with those of kaolinite and Kibushi-clay. There are three processes, same as in the case of kaolinite. The first process is accompanied by the loss of the inter-layer and adsorbed water, and tho second process by the loss of the lattice water. In the third process, which is an amorphous state corresponding to the metakaolin state, the rearrangement of ions takes place for the mullite nucleation. The rate of the structural change depends on the degree of crystalinity of the original kaolin mineral.
The Roles of Prolyl Residue in Polypeptide Monolayers. I. On the Chain Configurations Deduced from Surface Pressure and Potential Measurements
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Ikeda Shoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To elucidate the roles of prolyl residue in polypeptide monolayers, the surface films of poly-Dl-alanine, poly-l-prolyl-l-leucylglycine, copoly-1 : 1 : 1-(l-proline, l-leucine, Dl-alanine), poly-l-proline and poly-l-hydroxyproline were studied by the surface pressure and potential measurements.
The area of minimum surface compressibility and the smallest area of constant surface moment were assigned to each of the first three polypeptides which were found to form monomolecular films. In the region of large area their surface moments were equal to one another and, therefore, the orientations of carbonyl groups might be the same. From these data their chain configurations at the interface were deduced. Poly-Dl-alanine exists in the β-configuration and the other two have the similar configuration except for the bonds attached to prolyl residues. Based on the departure in surface pressure behavior of copoly-1 : 1 : 1-(l-proline, l-leucine, Dl-alanine) from that of poly-l-prolyl-l-leucylglycine, the arrangement of prolyl residues in the sequence of the former polypeptides was discussed. In the poly-l-proline film it is likely that the parts of cis peptide bond form the film and the parts of trans bond dissolve into the aqueous subphase.
The polypeptide films were found to be more expanded as the prolyl content was higher, although the arrangement of prolyl residues also affected the expansion of film. From the comparison of poly-l-proline film with poly-l-hydroxyproline, the evidence was obtained that the expansion of film comes from the decrease in number of hydrogen bonds because of the presence of prolyl residues. The condensation or expansion and its related properties of the film were interpreted in terms of the chain rigidity or flexibility and the intrachain interaction.
Effects of Dry Grinding on Kaolin Minerals. III. Halloysite
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of several-hundred-hour mechanical-mortar dry grinding of halloysite were studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal, electron microscopic and other methods and they were compared with those of kaolinite and Kibushiclay. It has been found that there are two sorts of structural change caused by dry gringing in halloysite as in the case of kaolinite. One is the production of a non-crystalline material attended with disordering of crystallites, and the other is the process of reaggregation. In a certain stage of grinding, the reaggregates come to have a zeolitic structure. This stage of grinding corresponds to the maximum point on the base exchange capacity curve and the inflection point on the density curve. The particle which has a zeolitic structure is uniformly spherical. As the grinding progresses further, halloysite changes into an amorphous substance, and the particle size increases irregularly. In consequence, it was found that the effects of dry grinding on kaolin minerals depend strikingly on the structural perfectness of unit layers of the original kaolin minerals, that is, the internal degree of crystallinity.
Phenothiazine Derivatives. IV. Reactions of Thionyl Chloride with Some Substituted Diphenylamines and with NaphthylphenyIamines
Authors: Fujimoto Manabu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactions of thionyl chloride with some substituted diphenylamines and with naphthylphenylamines were studied. N-Acetyldiphenylamine gave the known 1,3,7,9-tetrachlorophenothiazine. Methyldiphenylamine gave a small yield of the known 3,7-dichloro-10-methylphenothiazine besides the same tetrachlorophenothiazine as the main product. The following new compounds were obtained from respective starting materials and their structures were deduced: 3,7-dichloro-10-(4′-chlorophenyl)-phenothiazine from triphenylamine, 1,3,7,9-tetrachloro-2-hydroxyphenothiazine from 3-hydroxydiphenylamine, 2,4,7,9-tetrachloro-3-phenothiazone from 4-hydroxydiphenylamine, 3-amino-2,4,7,9-tetrachlorophenazathionium chloride from 4-aminodiphenylamine, 3,7-diamino-2,4,6,8-tetrachlorophenazathionium chloride from 4,4′-diaminodiphenylamine, 3-amino2,4,6,8-tetrachloro-7-methoxyphenazathionium chloride from 4-amino-4′-methoxydiphenylamine, x, 5,9,11-tetrachlorobenzo[a]phenothiazine from α-naphthylphenylamine, and 1,3,x,x′,11-pentachlorobenzo-[b]phenothiazine and x,6,8,10-tetrachlorobenzo[c]phenothiazine from β-naphthylphenylamine.
Electrical Conductance of Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of Copper Sulfate
Authors: Suryanarayana C V , Alamelu S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical conductance of aqueous solutions of copper sulfate has been measured over a wide range of concentrations up to saturation. The equation connecting conductance and concentration in the range of high concentrations recently formulated by Suryanarayana and Venkatesan has been tested with the data obtained for copper sulfate solutions. The equation is found to be valid over a wide range of concentration from 0.3862m to saturation at temperatures ranging from 30°C to 60°C. Slight deviations have been observed at lower concentrations.
Substituent Effects on the Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene in Some Solvents
Authors: Abe Takehiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) In ethanol and in water the maximum absorption bands of the substituted trinitrobenzenes are observed at longer wavelengths and possess smaller molar absorbancies than 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, a benzene nucleus of which possesses some greater positive charge than those of the derivatives.
(2) Picric acid shows similar absorption curves in solvents like ethanol, water and acetone. This similarity seems to show that picric acid dissociates in all solvents.
(3) On treating the trinitrobenzenes with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the red colors are produced. The colors given by the trinitrobenzenes having substituents like –N(CH3)NO2, –Cl and –OH, are labile, while those produced from trinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene are rather stable. The spectrum of the red color of trinitrobenzene closely resembles that of Tetryl.
Antioxygenie Activity of Lecithin and its Hydrolysis Products. II. α- and β-Glycerophosphoric Acids
Authors: Urakami Chieko , Kameyama Haru , Okada Mitsuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the method of purification of the substrate by low temperature crystallization is not suitable for the study of antioxidant activity of the glycerophosphoric acids and that further purification by crystallization as the urea complex gives consistent results. In such a highly purified substrate, both acids have been found to be active in a comparable strength.
The study of ultraviolet absorption of the phosphorus-containing substances isolated by the column chromatography has shown that the glycerophosphoric acid molecule acquires a highly conjugated system during autoxidation. Discussions have been presented as to possibilities incurred in the formation of such highly conjugated compounds.
Phenothiazine Derivatives. V. Synthesis of Hydroxyphenothiazines
Authors: Fujimoto Manabu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phenolic compound resulting from the rearrangement of phenothiazine 5-oxide in acetic acid was found to be 4-hydroxyphenothiazine, and to be different from 2-and 3-hydroxyphenothiazines which were derived from 3- and 4-hydroxydiphenylamines, respectively, by fusion with sulfur and iodine.
Formation and Aging of Precipitates. XI. An Electron Micro-Diffraction Study on Nucleation of Barium Sulfate Precipitate from Homogeneous Solution
Authors: Takiyama Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nucleation process of the precipitation of barium sulfate from the homogeneous solution of persulfate-thiosulfate system was observed by the electron micro-diffraction method. The particles grew continuously, but the distinct crystal structure began to appear in the particles having the length of 100 to 200 Å in diameter, corresponding to the nucleus calculated thermodynamically.
Remarks on the Molecular Calculation of Naphthalene and Anthracene
Authors: Mataga Noboru , Nishimoto Kichisuke , Mataga Shizuyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electronic structures of naphthalene and anthracene have been studied by the selfconsistent field MO method employing our semiempirical parameters. The calculated electronic spectra, bond lengths, ionization potentials and electron affinities are in a good agreement with expriment. Some discussions have been given in connection with the method of “atoms in molecules” and others.
The Study of Adsorption of Detergents at a Solution-Air Interface by Radiotracer Method. II. The Kinetics of Adsorption of Sodium Alkyl Sulfates
Authors: Matuura Ryohei , Kimizuka Hideo , Miyamoto Shigeru , Shimozawa Ryosuke , Yatsunami Katsumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate and sodium hexadecyl sulfate at the solution-air interface has been measured by radiotracer method. It has been found that the surface excess of a detergent is proportional to the concentration of the solution and the square root of time of aging at the initial stage of adsorption. The simple diffusion theory has been checked and it has been found that the results of the present experiment can not be explained by the simple diffusion theory. The idea of energy barrier has tentatively been applied and the values of energy barrier have been calculated.
γ-Hydroxyarginine, a New Guanidino Compound from a Sea-cucumber. I. Isolation and Identification
Authors: Fujita Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new guanidino compound was isolated from a sea-cucumber, Polycheira rufescens, and identified as γ-hydroxyarginine. γ-Hydroxyornithine and γ-guanidino-β-hydroxybutyric acid produced enzymically from the guanidino compound were also isolated and identified. It was, further, concluded that the new guanidino compound susceptible to arginase and l-amino acid oxidase should be γ-hydroxy-l-arginine, although the configuration of the γ-hydroxy group was not yet decided.
Electronic Structures of Naphthalenediols. I. α, α′-Naphthalenediols
Authors: Nishimoto Kichisuke , Fujishiro Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The simple LCAO MO method was applied to the electronic structures of α, α′-naphthalenediols, using the same parameters as those of phenol based on the ASPMO calculation. The theory proved that
(a) the lowest π-orbital of the molecule would be the most sensitive to the influence of the external molecular field,
(b) the absorption spectra of diols were satisfactorily correlated with their energy level diagrams, and
(c) the extra delocalization energies produced by the charge migrations from the hydroxy groups into the naphthalene ring increased linearly with the increment of the magnitude of charge migrations.
The Mannich Base of Troponoid and its Application. I. Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethyl and 5-Formyltropolone Derivatives
Authors: Seto Shuichi , Ogura Kyozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Application of the Mannich reaction to 3,7-dibromotropolone gave 3,7-dibromo-5-morpholinomethyltropolone, from which 5-hydroxymethyl and 5-formyl derivatives were derived. It was found that the hydroxymethyl group of 3,7-dibromo-5-hydroxymethyltropolone can be easily displaced, and that 3,7-dibromo-5-formyltropolone has the characteristics of an ordinary aldehyde and reacts with ketones and malonic acid.
The Formation Constants of Metal Acetate Complexes. I. Polarographic Determination of the Formation Constants of Acetatonickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new method for the determination of the formation constants of metal acetate complexes has been developed. The method is based on the polarographic measurement of the sum of the equilibrium concentrations of hydrated metal ions and metal acetate complexes in the presence of an appropriate auxiliary complex-form-ing substance. One of the advantages of the method is that no estimation is required in the course of the calculation. The other is that no information of the dissociation and formation constants is required concerning the auxiliary complex-forming substance.
The method is applied to the study of acetatonickel(II) complexes using nitrilo-triacetate as an auxiliary ccmplex-forming substance. The results reveal that only monoacetatonickel (II) ions, NioAc+, exist in the solution containing acetate up to 0.2m in concentration. The formation constants KNiOAc at ionic strength 0.2 are caluclated to be 2.6 at 15°C and 2.4 at 35°C.
Effects of Protonation on the Electronic Structure and Spectra of Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Mataga Shizuyo , Mataga Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The self-consistent electronegativity method has been applied to calculate the electronic structure and spectra of some protonated nitrogen heterocycles. This method may be regarded as an improvement of our method ii which has led to poor agreement with experiment because of the neglect of the inductive displacement in σ-core caused by protonation. The calculated results with the present method, however, are in rather poor agreement with experiment, and it is only a small improvement of the method ii.
Comparing the present results with the previous ones obtained with method i and ii, some discussions about the nature of the protonation effect on the electronic structure of these molecules have been given. In addition, formulae which represent the magnitude of inductive effect on each atom as a function of the distance or number of bonds from the protonated atom have been given.
Dye-sensitized Photopolymerization of Vinyl Compounds. Polymerization of Styrene by Cyanine Dyes. III
Authors: Watanabe Ai 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Extensive studies on the photopolymeri-zation of styrene by virtue of cyanine dyes were performed and it was reconfirmed that only the chain initiation is promoted by the direct interaction between the excited dye and the styrene molecule. Activation energies for the photochemical initiation process were experimentally determined for several dyes of iodide, bromide and chloride. In general the activation energy depends on the kind of halogen ion and from this result it was concluded that halogen ion plays an essential rôle in the reaction. A general tendency was observed that the activation energy diminishes as the wavelength of absorption maximum of dyes becomes shorter. A plausible scheme for the chain initiation process was given, in which an electron transfer from X− to D+ is involved in the process of activation.
Catalytic Hydrogenation in Vapor Phase with Urushibara Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Hata Kazuo , Watanabe Ken-ichi , Watanabe Hamao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation in vapor phase with new types of Urushibara nickel catalyst was carried out.
1) New types of U–Ni were prepared from nickel chloride and aluminum. U–Ni–BA and U–Ni–AA were respectively obtained by treating the precipitated nickel with alkali or acetic acid.
2) These catalysts are quite easy to prepare and were proved to be useful for hydrogenation. Above all, U–Ni–AA is, the most convenient for vapor phase hydrogenation, since it was found to be highly active and the aluminum served as carrier. It was also used in hydrogenation in liquid phase.
The Study of the Adsorption of Detergents at a Solution-Air Interface by Radiotracer Method. III. The Effect of Inorganic Electrolytes on the Adsorption of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Authors: Matuura Ryohei , Kimizuka Hideo , Yatsunami Katsumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The direct measurement of the adsorption of 35S labelled dodecyl sulfate ion at the solution surface and the measurement of the surface tension were carried out on the aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate containing a given concentration of an excess salt. The salt concentrations studied were 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1n for sodium chloride, and 0.1 n for potassium-magnesium, manganous and aluminum chlorides.
1. The adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion reaches equilibrium within one minute for all the systems under investigation.
2. The presence of excess of salt gives rise to the remarkable increase in the adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion, but at the concentrations of excessive salts of about 0.1 n or more, the effects of the concentration and nature of the salts on the adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion are not so appreciable.
3. The adsorption of dodecyl sulfate ion was well expressed by the Gibbs adsorption equation of n=1 for the systems under investigation.
Syntheses of Chlorinated Copper Phthalocyanines from Chlorophthalic Anhydrides
Authors: Shigemitsu Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Syntheses of chlorinated copper phthalocyanines from various chlorophthalic anhydrides were conducted. Formation of phthalocyanine depends upon the contents and positions of chlorine atoms of chlorophthalic anhydrides.
Color Characteristics of Copper Phthalocyanine and its Chlorinated Derivatives
Authors: Shigemitsu Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The variation of color of copper phthalocyanine and its chlorinated derivatives in polymerized linseed oil was investigated.
The β-form of copper phthalocyanine is more conspicuous than the α-form in their variation of color.
Chlorine atoms at 3, 6- or 4, 5-positions of phthalocyanine nucleus give very different actions according to their variations of color, even if their chlorine contents are the same.
Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of the Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Nagakura Saburo , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanism of the aromatic substitution was studied on the basis of the energy level diagrams determined for both the aromatic molecule and the reagent. From the consideration of the relative heights of the highest occupied and lowest vacant orbitals of the former to those of the latter, it was deduced that a large electron transfer occurs at some stage of the reaction from the aromatic molecule towards the reagent for the electrophilic substitution and in the reverse direction for the nucleophilic substitution.
In connection with this electron transfer mechanism, it was expected that the orientation rule observed with the aromatic substitution can be explained by free valency values of the aromatic cation, neutral molecule and anion for the electrophilic, radical and nucleophilic substitutions respectively. It was shown that this expectation is fully satisfied for various aromatic substitutions.
Dichroism of Dyes in the Stretched PVA Sheet. II. The Relation between the Optical Density Ratio and the Stretch Ratio, and an Attempt to Analyse Relative Directions of Absorption Bands
Authors: Tanizaki Yoshié 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) An expression for the optical density ratio was derived as a function of the stretch ratio.
2) Dichroism of the crystal violet and auramine yellow ion in stretched PVA sheets was observed, and the relation of the optical density ratio to the stretch ratio was plotted. It was shown that the theoretical expression derived here could explain rather well the experimental relation between these two quantities.
3) The analytical results were as follows. The main absorption band and the shoulder of the crystal violet ion did not orginate from the two isomers but were perhaps due to one species. For the auramine yellow ion the angle between the transition directions corresponding to the first and the second band might be approximately a right angle provided that the absorption-planes were in a same plane.
Polarographic Studies of Metallic Complexes. V. Tetrammine Series of Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Maki Nobufumi , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. All the cobalt(III) complexes of tetrammine series, [Co(NH3)4X2] or [Co(NH3)4Y], were reduced irreversibly in two steps at the dropping mercury electrode. The first wave, corresponding to a gain of one electron, represents the reduction of Co(III)→Co(II) and the second, corresponding to two electrons, represents the reduction of Co(II)→Co(0).
2. The polarographic stability of the cobalt(III) complexes of tetrammine series are ranked in the following order of the ligand ; for the complexes of [Co(NH3)4X2] type,
IO3−, Cl−&lt;NO2−&lt;NH3&lt;OH2 &lt;SO32−
(supporting electrolyte; 0.5FK2SO4),
and for the complexs of [Co(NH3)4Y] type,
leuc−&lt;ox2−&lt;alan−&lt; CO32−&lt;gly−&lt;en
(supporting electrolyte; 0.5FK2SO4).
3. The half-wave potentials of the reduction step of Co(III)→Co(II) for all the tetrammine cobalt(III) complexes exhibit always more positive values than those of the corresponding bisethylenediamine cobalt(III) complexes.
Studies on Crystal Hydrates. IV. Dehydration and Rehydration, Stable and Metastable Equilibria and Transition between Hydrate Modifications of Potassium Mercury(II) Chloride Monohydrate, K2HgCl4·H2O
Authors: Chihara Hideaki , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dehydration pressures of the crystalline K2HgCl4·H2O are measured and given by logP=8.538–(2161⁄T) with P expressed in mmHg. No thermal hysteresis effect was observed. Production and some experiments for partly amorphous hydrate are briefly discussed. A consideration of the entropy of dehydration led to the conclusion that the dehydration is zeolitic. The differential thermal analysis revealed that there is a non-dehydrating transition at 114°C and that the dehydration occurs at 123°C. Infrared spectra of the solids showed that the 6-micron band of water persisted between 114 and 123°C. The X-ray study of the transition at the supercooled condition showed that this is a transition quite different in nature from those of ordinary nucleation-and-growth mechanism. The rehydration of dehydrated crystals was followed by the X-ray diffraction method and found to be relatively rapid at room temperature.
Studies on the Silk-Palladium Catalyst. III. Physicochemical Characterization
Authors: Izumi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. From the infrared absorption measurements of silk fibroin, silk fibroin-PdCl2 complex, and silk-palladium catalyst, it was concluded that the NH, OH, COOH and CONH groups of the fibroin participate in the chelate formation with palladous chloride. On reduction of the chelate with hydrogen, the chelate bonds are broken and the fibroin restores its original form.
2. X-ray diffraction pictures of the above-mentioned samples and of the corresponding preparations of the 6-Nylon series suggest that a part of the palladium atoms in the silk-palladium catalyst is assembled in fine crystaline particles and the other part of the palladium probably becomes regularly arranged in the micelle structures of the fibers. However, the possibility that certain regular structures have emerged in the carrier protein itself can not be excluded.
3. Part of the palladium in silk fibroin-PdCl2 complex can be readily released with p-nitrosodimethylaniline, while the rest appears to be strongly kept in the fiber structure.