bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on drug‐induced lipodosis (V). Changes in the lipid composition of rat liver and spleen following the administration of 4,4′‐diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol
Authors: Adachi S. , Matsuzawa Y. , Yokomura T. , Ishikawa K. , Uhara S. , Yamamoto A. , Nishikawa M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdministration of 4,4′‐diethylamino‐ethoxyhexestrol increased total phospholipids and free cholesterol in rat liver. An elevation of a peculiar glycerophospholipid, lysobisphosphatidic acid, was marked both in liver and spleen. An increase in phosphatidylinositol was also noticed in spleen. However these changes in rats were not so marked as in human cases. There was an accumulation of a substance in rat tissue which was identified as a derivative of the drug, while the intact drug accumulated in large amount in human cases. Differences in the effect of 4,4′‐diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol on lipid metabolism between human and rat seem to be related to the difference in drug digesting ability between these two animal species.
The distribution of cyclopropane and cyclopropene fatty acids in higher plants (Malvaceae)
Authors: Yano I. , Nichols B. W. , Morris L. J. , James A. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe occurrence and distribution of cyclopropane and cyclopropene fatty acids has been investigated in seeds, leaves and other tissues of several species of Malvaceae. Sterculic and malvalic acids and their dihydro‐analogs were present in all the plant tissues examined, the highest proportions generally being in immature seeds. The cyclic acids were mainly concentrated in the neutral lipids with lesser proportions in phospholipid or glycolipid classes. The occurrence of these acids in all tissues of some species offered the attractive possibility of establishing callus tissue cultures capable of synthesizing cyclopropane and cyclopropene fatty acids and thereby providing a more convenient and reproducible system for biosynthetic studies. Substantial proportions of these cyclic acids were found in callus tissue cultures propagated from twoMalva species.
TheTrans‐6 fatty acids ofPicramnia sellowii seed oil
Authors: Spencer G. F. , Kleiman R. , Earle F. R. , Wolff I. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe C18 monoenoic acids inPicramnia sellowii Planch. seed oil include bothcis‐andtrans‐6‐octadecenoic acids, as well as oleic acid. The hexadecenoic acids are also thecis‐ andtrans‐Δ6‐isomers, and the eicosenoic acids have Δ6‐unsaturation of undetermined geometric configuration. The C18 polyenoic acids detected are 9,12‐ and 6,9‐octadecadienoic and 9,12,15‐ and 6,9,12‐octadecatrienoic acids. Partial investigation of another species,P. pentandra Sw., revealed its oil to have a similar fatty acid composition.
Long chain fatty alcohols in normal and neoplastic tissues
Authors: Blank M. L. , Snyder Fred 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSmall quantities of long chain fatty alcohols (esterified or free or both) were found in four normal tissues (about 0.01% of total neutral lipids) and three neoplasms (about 0.3% of total neutral lipids). The major chain lengths (16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶1) of the fatty alcohols in both normal and neoplastic cells qualitatively resemble the O‐alkyl chain lengths of glyceryl ethers. Our data showing that long chain fatty alcohols occur in vivo support the biological significance of the metabolic pathway that uses fatty alcohols as a substrate for the alkyl chain in glyceryl ether biosynthesis.
The activating effect of dietary protein on linoleic acid desaturation
Authors: Peluffo R. O. , De Gomez Dumm I. N. T. , Brenner R. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe desaturation of14C‐1‐linoleic acid to γ‐linolenic acid and their incorporation into the microsomal lipids of rats fed on a balanced diet and a protein diet were measured in vitro. It was shown that a protein diet does not change significantly the distribution of the radioactivity among the different lipidic fractions compared to the animals fed on a balanced diet. However the microsomal desaturation of linoleic acid to γ‐linolenic acid increased in the rats maintained on a protein diet. Besides, the amount and composition of the free fatty acids present in the microsomes of the animals fed on both diets were similar enough to discard the hypothesis that they may modify the desaturation of linoleic acid produced by the diet. The enzymic activity of the linoleyl desaturase of liver microsomes of animals fed on a protein diet, measured in substrate saturating conditions, is greater than in animals with balanced diet. Consequently the results support the hypothesis that a protein diet increases specifically the desaturating activity of the microsomes.
Ring location in cyclopropane fatty acid esters by boron trifluoride‐catalyzed methoxylation followed by mass spectroscopy
Authors: Minnikin David E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethyl esters of methylcis‐ andtrans‐9,10‐methyleneoctadecanoic acids react with 50% boron trifluoride‐methanol to produce unsaturated and methoxy‐esters; both products are shown by gas chromatography to be a mixture of several isomers. Mass spectra of the methoxylated esters are characterized by intense peaks due to cleavage adjacent to methoxy‐functions which allow the position of the ring in the original cyclopropane ester to be easily assigned. Methyl oleate is also partially attacked by 50% BF3−MeOH to produce a mixture of methyl 9‐ and 10‐methoxyoctadecanoates. 14% BF3−MeOH does not react with cyclopropane and olefinic esters under the reaction conditions employed.
Properties of ultrasonically irradiated human serum lipoproteins
Authors: Sato J. , Shimasaki H. , Hara I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHuman serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and human serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) were treated with ultrasonic irradiation. The immunochemical properties, spectrophotometrical analysis and thiobarbituric acid test (TBA) value of ultrasonically irradiated lipoproteins were examined. The agar gel precipitin reaction of sonicated LDL disappeared as the irradiation time increased. The effects of ultrasonic irradiation upon human serum lipoproteins resulted in a loss of lipids from the sonicated lipoproteins and are increased in TBA value. TBA value of LDL increased in two steps.
On the rate of cholesterol esterification in cord blood serum
Authors: Lacko Andras G. , Rutenberg Harold L. , Soloff Louis A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCholesterol esterification was studied in adult and cord serum by measureing the initial rate of lecithin‐cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity. Cord serum had about one‐third as much free and esterified cholesterol and about one‐half as much LCAT as adult serum. When the adult LCAT activities are plotted against the individual's serum free cholesterol levels a straight line relationship results (0.101±.005% cholesterol esterified per min). Cord serum LCAT activities (.135±.0407% cholesterol esterified per min) in the main fall above the adult line. Our results show that cord serum can esterify cholesterol at a rate equal to or higher than adult serum when the LCAT activity is related to the amount of serum free cholesterol present.
The effect of the environmental temperature on the fatty acid composition and on thein vivo incorporation of 1‐14C‐acetate in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)
Authors: Knipprath Werner G. , Mead James F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTwo‐year‐old goldfish were adapted to 10C and 35C environmental temperatures during a three‐week period, and the fatty acids from triglycerides and certain phospholipids were analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography. Over‐all unsaturation of the major fatty acids increased with lower temperature in all lipids which were examined although fish maintained at 10C actually had less polyenoic acid in their tissues than did those maintained at 35C.Fish acclimated to 10C and 30C were injected with 1‐14C‐acetate, and the activities of the isolated fatty acids were counted. The incorporation of14C into the fatty acids was much greater at the lower temperature. A comparison of the activities of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids within each temperature group revealed a tendency toward higher incorporation into the unsaturated acids at lower temperature. The possible correlations between accelerated biosynthesis of polyenoic acids and the lower tissue levels of these acids in the cold‐adapted fish are discussed.
Quantitative gas chromatography, using retention times
Authors: Brandt A. E. , Lands W. E. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDiffusion of an injected sample within a gas chromatographic column does not begin from a point source but from a band. Therefore the method of calculating relative areas by using retention time × peak height may require a correction factor to give a more accurate estimate of peak areas. When this correction was applied, the analysis was comparable with that obtained by the more time‐consuming triangulation method.
Studies on liver phosphatidyl cholines: I. Effects of fatty liver induction on phosphatidyl cholines from liver mitochondria and microsomes
Authors: Miller James E. , Cornatzer W. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractProtein, total phospholipid, phosphatidyl cholines and phosphatidyl choline fractions from liver mitochondria and microsomes of female rats were analyzed after treatment with CCl4 (0.3 ml of CCl4 suspended in corn oil) or ethionine (50 mg in 0.9% saline) or after feeding a choline deficient, low protein diet for seven days. Phosphatidyl cholines were separated into four fractions differing in the degree of fatty acid unsaturation. Over 50% of total phosphatidyl choline phosphorus was present in fraction 3 of liver mitochondria and microsomes. The major fatty acid in fraction 1 was docosahexaenoic acid. Fraction 4 contains oleic and linoleic acids. Arachidonic acid occurs in fraction 2 and 3. Ethionine decreased the amount of microsomal protein and phosphatidyl choline fraction 1 of mitochondria. Microsomal protein was decreased by CCl4. The choline deficient, low protein diet caused a decrease in mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids. The amount of the mitochondrial phosphatidyl choline decreased. Corn oil increased the level of phosphatidyl choline fraction 3. Choline deficiency decreased the amount of phosphatidyl choline fraction 3, increased fraction 4 of mitochondria and microsomes and increased fraction 1 of microsomes.
Fatty acid composition of adultSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: Smith Thomas M. , Brooks Thomas J. , White Harold B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of triglyceride and total phospholipid fractions of adultSchistosoma mansoni has been examined. Both triglyceride and phospholipid contained fatty acids varying in chain length from 12 through 24 carbons; trace amounts of shorter chain components were found in the triglyceride fraction. A docosahexaenoic acid in the triglyceride fraction represented the highest degree of unsaturation encountered. Branched chain fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbons were found in both phospholipid and triglyceride. Examination of fatty acids from fluke total lipid revealed the presence of small amounts of odd numbered carbon fatty acids varying in chain length from 13 through 23 carbons.
Two synthetic phosphonate analogs of lecithin
Authors: Rosenthal Arthur F. , Pousada Manuel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe diether‐phosphonate lecithin analog DL‐2‐hexadecoxy‐3‐octadecoxypropyl‐phosphonylcholine was prepared in 55% overall yield by reaction of 2‐hexadecoxy‐3‐octadecoxypropylphosphonic acid with choline iodide andp‐toluenesulfonyl chloride, and purified chromatographically.The diester‐phosphonate lecithin analog 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐[2′‐trimethyl‐ammonium) ethylphosphonate) was prepared fromsn‐glycerol‐1,2‐dipalmitate and 2‐(trimethylammonium) ethylphosphonyl dichloride, and the reaction mixture purified chromatographically. The lecithin analog was obtained in an anhydrous form.
Screening for serum lipoprotein abnormalities: Comparison of ultracentrifugal, paper and thin‐layer starch‐gel electrophoresis techniques
Authors: Lewis Lena A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThree methods for evaluation of serum lipoprotein abnormalities were compared: paper electrophoresis using buffer containing albumin, ultracentrifugation at d 1.21, and thin‐layer starch‐gel electrophoresis. Analyses by paper electrophoresis and by ultracentrifugation of 109 sera of patients with cholesterol levels between 78 and 1150 mg/100 ml showed that the electrophoretic procedure while not quantitative was an effective procedure for detecting and helping in classification of the type of serum lipoprotein abnormality. Paper electrophoresis is a valuable procedure in screening for lipoprotein abnormalities and can be used as a guide for additional studies. Thin‐layer starchgel electrophoresis did not always give results comparable to those of the other two procedures. In study of certain sera (for example, in pigeon serum and some myeloma sera) lipoprotein subfractions were more clearly resolved by starch‐gel electrophoresis than by paper electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation. Ultracentrifugal and starch‐gel electrophoretic techniques can be used effectively when more complete information is needed or when unusual materials are being studied.
Free fatty acid metabolism during stress: Exercise, acute cold exposure, and anaphylactic shock
Authors: Paul Pavle , Holmes William L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRates of turnover and oxidation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) were determined in unanesthetized dogs during exercise, acute cold exposure and anaphylactic shock, with the aid of a technique involving the continuous infusion of albumin‐bound palmitate‐1‐14C and the simultaneous measurement of O2 uptake, CO2 output and the specific activities of CO2 and FFA. During exercise in normal untrained dogs, plasma FFA supplied 20–30% of the energy, whereas in trained dogs 70–90% of the energy was derived from the FFA oxidation. In resting dogs at room temperature the plasma FFA level was 0.58 μEq/ml with a turnover rate of 18.6 μEq/kg/min of which 22% was immeditely oxidized and contributed 29% to the exhaled CO2. These results were compared with data obtained in pancreatectomized and thyroidectomized dogs. Acute cold exposure (temperature 4–5C) increased the FFA level and turnover rate to 1.02 μEq/ml and 28.0 μEq/kg/min, respectively, of which 33% was immedaitely oxidized, contributing 46% to the exhaled CO2. During anaphylactic shock, blood lactate increased, FFA level and turnover rate were reduced, and the fraction which was immediately oxidized was depressed markedly, i.e., 3–9% of FFA turnover. Sodium lactate infusion, which induces a blood lactate level comparable to that seen in anaphylaxis or nicotinic acid infusion, markedly decreased the level and turnover rate of FFA. However the fraction of turnover oxidized remained the same as during the preinfusion period (range of 21–40%. Exercise or the administration of norepinephrine during anaphylactic shock provided results suggesting that endogenous lactic acid interferes with FFA oxidation, whereas exogenous, lactate had no effect on this oxidation.
Hepatic galactosylceramide in globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease)
Authors: Dawson Glyn 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGlycosphingolipids were isolated from the liver of four patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy and compared to those from normal liver. The ratio of glucosylceramide to galactosylceramide was 0.8, 1.2, 1.3 and 7.5 in the four cases studied, compared to a value of greater than 10 in liver from control patients of the same age and sex. In addition to this accumulation of galactosylceramide, all four livers showed an elevated level of sulfatide, and in one case trihexosylceramide and globoside were also markedly elevated.
Egg yolk lipids and maternal diet in the nutrition of turkey embryo
Authors: Couch J. R. , Ferguson T. M. , Cornett B. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTurkey hens were fed diets containing no added fat nor diets supplemented with soybean oil or neatsfoot oil. The composition of neutral and polar lipid fatty acids present in the unincubated turkey egg yolk was compared with that of those present in the yolk sac of the developing turkey embryo at different stages of development. Comparisons were made of the fatty acid fractions in the entire embryo homogenates, except liver and heart, which were analyzed separately. Changes in the relative amounts of the fatty acids are reported as affected by age of the embryo and by dietary lipids. The fatty acids from both the neutral and polar lipids which were utilized to the greatest extent for embryonic development were palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic, regardless of the dietary supplements. Arachidonic, tetracosenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids also were metabolized by the embryo. Saturated fatty acids, used by the embryo as development progressed, were palmitic, stearic, and arachidic acids. Analyses of the liver fatty acids showed that the C16∶0 C16∶1, C18∶0, C18∶1, and C20∶4 acids in the neutral and polar lipids decreased with embryonic development and varied with the type of diet. The heart contained low levels of myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids in the neutral lipids and palmitoleic and oleic acids in the polar lipids.
Lipid labeling with32P‐orthophosphate and14C‐acetate in marine copepods
Authors: Farkas Tibor , Nevenzel Judd C. , Benson A. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFreshly collectedCalanus pacificus were maintained in sea water containing 25 μCi/ml [32P]orthophosphate or 1 μCi/ml [14C]acetate at 10 C for 24 hr. The animals took up label from the environment and incorporated it into various lipid fractions. After incubation with [14C]acetate the order of specific activity of the different lipid classes was: phospholipids > free fatty acids > wax esters > triglycerides. Argentation thin layer chromatography of the fatty acid methyl esters showed that ca. 50% of the activity was in saturated fatty acids and 34% in polyunsaturated acids. When the animals were exposed to [32P]orthophosphate, lysophosphatidyl choline became most heavily labeled, followed by lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl choline. Comparison of the data obtained with those available for decapods and mammals revealed striking similarities between these phylogenetically distant groups. It is believed that labeling the lipids of marine and freshwater planktonic crustaceans in this way will provide much information about the metabolism of lipids in these organisms.
Alternate pathways of cerebroside catabolism
Authors: Lin Yuh‐Nan , Radin Norman S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA search was made for new degradative pathways for glucosyl and galactosyl ceramides in an effort to explain the failure of these lipids to accumulate in the brains of children with Krabbe's or Gaucher's disease. Using various buffers and incubation conditions, we tested brain homogenates from 12 day old rats with the stearate‐labeled and galactose‐labeled lipids. No evidence for direct deacylation (and formation of psychosines) could be obtained, nor was there any evidence for transacylation of sphingocyl phosphoryl choline or oxidation of the 6 position of the galactose moiety. Two new derivatives of galactosyl ceramide were observed, possibly fatty acid esters of unknown polar compounds. It is tentatively proposed that the etiology of infantile Krabbe's and Gaucher's diseases involves, not an accumulation of galactosyl and glucosyl ceramides, with consequent formation of toxic products, but rather malfunction of some other role of the corresponding glycosidases.
Excretion of lipids by the liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica L)
Authors: Burren C. H. , Ehrlich I. , Johnson P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdult liver flukes kept in a glucoseenriched medium were found to excrete lipids. Analysis of the incubation medium showed that both neutral lipids (including cholesterol and its esters) and polar lipids were released. The rate of lipid excretion was greatly reduced when the excretory pores and mouths of the flukes were ligated. Histochemical examination of the flukes indicated that such lipids, released through the excretory pores, originate in the cells lining the excretory ducts.
The occurrence of diastereomers of phytanic and pristanic acids and their determination by gas‐liquid chromatography
Authors: Ackman R. G. , Hansen R. P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe methyl esters of phytanic (3,7,11,15‐tetramethylhexadecanoic) and pristanic (2,6,10,14‐tetramethylpentadecanoic) acids derived from phytol each can be resolved into two diastereomers by gas‐liquid chromatography on an efficient open‐tubular, gas‐liquid chromatographic column with a polyester coating. Authentic D,D,D isomers prepared from the lipids of bacteriumH. cutirubrum gave only one peak. In mammals the D,D,D isomers usually predominate, but in marine life the L,D,D isomers apparently are the principal forms. The origin and metabolic roles of the diastercomers are discussed.
Polarography of conjugated unsaturated lipids
Authors: Kuta Edwin J. , Yu Mary 
Published: November 2006

AbstractConjugated fat‐soluble vitamins, methylenic interrupted and conjugated fatty acids were polarographically investigated in both basic and neutral solvents. The half‐wave potentials of all‐trans‐retinol, 13‐cis‐retinol, all‐trans‐retinyl acetate, all‐trans‐retinal, and Vitamin D2 and D3 were related to the number of double bonds in conjugation and their geometrical configuration. A minimum of three double bonds in conjugation and their geometrical configuration. A minimum of three double bonds in conjugation was required before reduction took place at the cathode, and as the number of conjugated bonds increased in the lipid compounds, the initial reduction wave took place at a lower half‐wave potential.Investigation of conjugated double bonds in triglycerides and in alkali‐isomerized linolenic and arachidonic acids gave reduction waves the half‐wave potentials of which were related to the number of double bonds in conjugation. In both basic and neutral solvents there was a minimum of three double bonds in conjugation necessary to obtain a reduction wave at the dropping mercury electrode. Ultraviolet absorption curves of the prolonged reduction of polyunsaturated conjugated fatty acids indicate a step‐wise reduction of each end of the polyunsaturated conjugated double bonds.In neutral solvent the log of the conjugated double bonds versus the half‐wave potential (versus mercury pool anode) gave a linear equation, E1=2.98−1.6 log C. A proposed mechanism for the step‐wise reduction of conjugated lipids is presented and discussed.
Role of luminal lecithin in intestinal fat absorption
Authors: O'Doherty P. J. A. , Kakis G. , Kuksis A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects of biliary lecithin on fat absorption were studied in 1 day bile fistula rats fed micellar solutions of bile salt, monoglyceride and radioactive free fatty acids. By electron microscopy and measurement of uptake of radioactivity into liver and adipose tissue, it was shown that in the absence of bile lecithin there was significant impairment of fat release from mucosa. Fat clearance was effected by the feeding of phosphatidyl choline or choline, but not phosphatidyl ethanolamine, inositol or cholesterol. In the absence of luminal choline there was a decrease in incorporation of radioactive leucine into mucosal protein. It is concluded that biliary and dietary lecithin or choline play an important role in triglyceride transport out of intestinal mucosa, by providing surfactant lecithin for the chylomicron envelope and by supporting mucosal protein biosynthesis.