bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Energy-Consuming Air Conditioning Systems on People's Thermal Comfort and Preferences: Comparative Study of Iraq and Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Al-Hafith Omar , B.K. Satish , De Wilde Pieter , Korsavi Sepideh 
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of the intense usage of air-conditioning systems on the thermal comfort requirements of building occupants. It compares the thermal comfort requirements of building occupants in Iraq and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Iraqis have limited usage of air-conditioning units, whilst people in GCC countries intensely operate these systems. Research work underpinning this article involved undertaking a year-long thermal comfort survey in Iraq, and an intensive analysis of thermal comfort studies conducted in GCC countries. Results show that, in Iraq, people experience a 2–50 °C annual indoor temperature range, and their annual comfort range is 14–35 °C. In GCC countries, due to the intense usage of air-conditioning systems, the widest recorded annual indoor temperature range is 17.2–31.0 °C, and the widest annual comfort range is 20.0–27.8 °C. These results demonstrate the significant impact of air-conditioning systems on narrowing the thermal comfort limits of building occupants leading to high energy consumption. This study presents a novel comparison between two cases highlighting the impact of air-conditioning systems on the thermal comfort requirements of building occupants. The results of this study can be used to inform the development of thermal comfort standards that better consider people’s adaptation capabilities to help reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling purposes.
Моделювання переносного зенітного ракетного комплексу RBS 70 у спеціальному програмному забезпеченні “Віраж-РД”
Authors: Бурковський С. І. , Лещенко С. П. , Гур’єв Д. О. , Батуринський М. П. , Сідченко С. О. , Польшина Л. В. , Цюпка П. Р. , Свистунов Д. Ю. 
Published: April 2024

В статті проведений аналіз тактико-технічних характеристик (ТТХ) переносного зенітного ракетного комплексу (ПЗРК) RBS 70. Основною метою дослідження є впровадження математичної (програмної) моделі ПЗРК RBS 70 у спеціальне програмне забезпечення (СПЗ) системи оперативно-тактичних розрахунків та розіграшу бойових дій Повітряних Сил “Віраж-РД”, а також системи автоматизованого збору, аналізу, відображення та обміну інформацією про повітряну обстановку “Віраж-Планшет”. Проведений аналіз конструктивних особливостей ПЗРК RBS 70, пов’язаних з необхідністю забезпечення польоту ракети цього ПЗРК в межах лазерного променя та інших особливостей конструкції. Проведено оцінку впливу цих конструктивних відмінностей на ТТХ ПЗРК RBS 70. Проаналізовано особливості побудови бойової частини ракети цього ПЗРК, а також побудову контактного підривника та режими роботи дистанційного підривника (неконтактного датчика цілі), який спрацьовує при відстані до цілі менше 3 м. Наявність кумулятивної воронки в бойових частинах ракет останнього покоління дозволило збільшити бронепробійність з 19 мм до 200 мм в разі прямого влучення ракети в ціль. Проаналізовані особливості побудови стартового та маршового двигуна ракети та їх характеристики. Наведені розрахункові графіки зміни швидкості та дальності польоту від часу польоту для різних модифікацій ракет ПЗРК RBS 70. Отримані спрощені формули для наближеної оцінки часу польоту ракет різних модифікацій в залежності від дальності для всіх модифікацій ракет. Оцінено вплив можливості отримання інформації про цілі від радіолокаційної станції (РЛС) PS-90 (“Giraffe-75”), яка входить до складу батареї ПЗРК RBS 70, по каналу радіозв’язку на термінал управління полем бою зі складу ПЗРК RBS 70 на дальність виявлення типових цілей бойовою обслугою ПЗРК RBS 70. Оцінені часові нормативи на виконання операцій, необхідних для пошуку цілі та підготовку для пуску ракети. Наведені розрахункові вертикальні та горизонтальні перетини зони ураження для ракет модифікації Rb-70Mk2 ПЗРК RBS 70 для цілей, що не маневрують. Такі перетини наведені для наступних швидкостей цілі: 5 м/с, 50 м/с, 100 м/с, 250 м/с, 320 м/с, 400 м/с.
The Dynamics of Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyah Educational Institution (1914-2000)
Authors: Sudarningsih Sudarningsih , Ansori M Afif , Andari An An , Pribadi Joko , Rosmawati Rosmawati 
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the background of the establishment of the Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Educational Institution and the education system at the Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Educational Institution. The type of research used in this study is library research. The point is to answer the problem formulation, the author collects data from books, journals, scientific papers, and so on. The study also used an induction and deduction approach where the collected data was drawn to generalizations to conclusions. The results of this research are the background for the establishment of the Al-Irsyad Al-Islamiyyah Educational Institute. The organization was founded in 1914 by Sheikh Ahmad Surkati Al-Anshori, a great cleric from Mecca who came from Sudan. Al-Irshad Al-Islamiyyah focuses on education, teaching, social, and da'wah at the national level. Al-Irshad Al-Islamiyyah is committed to purifying the teachings of Islam, expanding science, and developing a civilized and Islamic moral society. Al-Irshad Al-Islamiyyah aims to purify tawhid, worship and amaliyah Islam. Engaged in education and da'wah. To realize this goal, AI Irsyad has established hundreds of formal schools and non-formal educational institutions throughout Indonesia. And in its later development, Al-Irshad activities also penetrated the health sector, by establishing several hospitals. The largest are currently Al-Irsyad Hospital in Surabaya and RS. Siti Khadijah in Pekalongan.
Indicators of pain syndrome in the postoperative period during endoprosthesis of hip and knee joints in patients with diabetes
Authors: Zenkina L. M. 
Published: April 2024

Hip and knee arthroplasty refer to the widespread surgical interventions. Diabetes mellitus is one of the common diseases that negatively affect the results of these operations.
Objective — to determine pain syndrome during anesthesia and in the early postoperative period during hip and knee arthroplasty in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. The study involved 69 patients who underwent hip and knee arthroplasty surgery. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the scheme of anesthesia provision. Patients of the first group (n=20) underwent multicomponent low‑flow anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation; in the second group (n=24) spinal anesthesia was used for pain relief; in the third group (n=25) combined spinal‑epidural anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation was performed.
Results. The significant difference in the severity of pain has been reveled in the study groups in the postoperative period after 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. In particular, after 6 hours in group 1, the pain was more severe than in group 2 (p<0,001) and group 3 (p<0,001); in group 2 and group 3, the pain was of the same intensity (p>0,05). At 12 hours postoperatively, the pain in patients in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (p<0,01) and group 3 (p<0,001); and the pain in group 2 was more severe than in group 3 (p<0,05). After 18 hours, the pain in group 1 and group 2 was significantly worse than in group 3 (both p<0,001); at the same time, the pain level in group 1 and group 3 did not differ (p>0,05). At 1 day postoperatively, significantly more pain was observed in group 1 compared to group 3 (p<0,001), and in group 2 compared to group 3 (p<0,001); pain in group 1 and group 2 did not differ (p>0,05).
Conclusions. Any of the proposed methods can be used for anesthetic support of hip and knee arthroplasty operations, but regional anesthesia methods provided the best results of pain relief in the postoperative period compared to general anesthesia. Patients from group 3 (combined spinal‑epidural anesthesia) were best anesthetized.
Features of gestation course in women with nodular goiter under conditions of iodine deficiency
Authors: Paienok O. S. , Hrytsyshyn B. R. , Ihnatovych S. V. 
Published: April 2024

According to statistical data, hypothyroidism with an increase in the level of pituitary thyroid‑stimulating hormone (TSH) occurs during pregnancy in 2—2.5% of cases, thyrotoxicosis due to Graves’ disease — in 0.2%, transient hyperthyroidism due to uncontrollable vomiting of pregnant women — in 2—3%, and the frequency of development of autoimmune thyroiditis is 10%. In the postpartum period, the development of thyropathies is noted in 5—9% of women in labor. Graves’ disease is diagnosed in 70—80% of cases, and thyroid suppression in 20—30% of cases.
Objective — to study the characteristics of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in women with nodular formations in the thyroid gland under conditions of iodine deficiency.
Materials and methods. Observations involved 159 pregnant women who constantly live under conditions of iodine deficiency. The patients were divided into two groups, the first group included 52 women with a history of thyroid surgery due to nodular formation, and women of the second group (n=57) were administered conservative treatment for nodular goiter during this pregnancy. The control group included 50 practically healthy women with a physiological pregnancy course. The term of pregnancy and the age of women in all groups did not differ significantly.
Results. It has been demonstrated that insufficient intake of iodine by pregnant woman resulted in perinatal complications and requires monitoring of the iodine balance during pregnancy, in the postpartum and early neonatal periods. The threat of pregnancy termination in the group of surgical treatment of nodular goiter was 42.3%, in the group of conservative treatment 56.1%; the proportion of placental dysfunction was 76.9% and 57.9%, respectively; preeclampsia of the first degree of severity was registered in 11.5% and 12.3% of patients, respectively; mild and moderate anemia — in 78.9% and 64.9%, respectively, which significantly (p<0.05) exceeded similar indicators in the control group.
Conclusions. Pregnant women with nodular formations of the thyroid gland have a greater number of complications during pregnancy, regardless of the method of treatment of nodular goiter, than women with a physiological pregnancy course.
Minimally invasive techniques for surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease
Authors: Dubenko D. Y. , Honza R. V. 
Published: April 2024

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a common disease that affects mainly young men and leads to a decrease in their quality of life and a long‑term loss of working capacity. According to the available statistical data, the disease prevalence in Europe and North America ranges from 26 to 40 cases per 100,000 people.
Objective — to determine the effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques for surgical treatment of chronic and recurrent forms of SPD.
Materials and methods. The study included 23 patients with SPD. It was clinical prospective, with a follow‑up period of 18 months. The evaluation criteria were defined as recurrences, the frequency of postoperative complications, the severity of the pain syndrome, the patient’s self‑assessment of the cosmetic effect, the duration of hospitalisation, and the duration of surgery.
The results. The recurrence rate during the 18 months of observation was 39.1%. The overall frequency of postoperative complications was 21.7%. The median duration of surgery was 20 (CI 95% 15—25) minutes, and the median duration of hospitalisation was 2 (CI 95% 1—3) days. The median score of the pain syndrome according to the modified visual analogue scale was 5 (CI 95% 4—5) points on the 0th postoperative day, 3 (CI 95% 3—4) points on the third postoperative day, and 2 (CI 95% 2—2) points on the fifth postoperative day. The cosmetic effect of surgical intervention was rated as rather dissatisfied (17.4%), rather satisfied (52.2%), and completely satisfied (30.4%).
Conclusions. Minimally invasive techniques are effective for the surgical treatment of chronic and recurrent forms of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease, reducing both the inpatient period and the surgery duration. Minimally invasive surgical treatment for chronic and recurrent forms of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease has been observed to cause a moderate pain syndrome in the early postoperative period while contributing to satisfactory cosmetic results in the remote period. The surgical treatment of chronic and recurrent forms of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease with minimally invasive techniques has been found to result in a relatively high recurrence rate (39.1% over 18 months of follow‑up).
Choledochoscopy in the laparoscopic treatment of patients with choledocholithiasis: a single-centre study
Authors: Susak Y. M. , Maksimenko M. V. , Markulan L. Y. , Volkovetskii V. V. 
Published: April 2024

Choledochoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used for laparoscopic bile duct exploration and the removal of bile duct stones. However, there is insufficient information available about its advantages in diagnosing choledocholithiasis and its role in laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction.
Objective — to compare the diagnostic efficacy of imaging techniques and choledochoscopy in patients with choledocholithiasis and to evaluate the role of choledochoscopy in laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction.
Materials and methods. The study examined the results of 128 patients with calculous cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis who had laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction in combination with choledochoscopy. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound, CT, and MRI in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, as well as the efficacy of one‑stage treatment of calculous cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis using choledochoscopy and laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction.
Results. Imaging techniques demonstrated limited sensitivity and specificity in determining the diameter and number of common bile duct stones. A total of 89 (69.5%) patients achieved complete bile duct clearance after blind laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction: 86 (81.1%) had choledochotomy, and 3 (13.6%) underwent transcystic common bile duct exploration. The combination of choledochoscopy and laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction ensured the complete removal of bile duct stones in 97.6% of patients.
Conclusions. The imaging techniques used for determining the number of common bile duct stones in choledocholithiasis had sensitivity and specificity rates of 41.4% and 92.7% for ultrasound, 72.7% and 83.3% for CT, and 86.7% and 60.9% for MRI, respectively. A total of 89 (69.5%) patients achieved complete bile duct clearance after blind laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction: 86 (81.1%) had choledochotomy, and 3 (13.6%)underwent transcystic common bile duct exploration. Choledochoscopy was required for laparoscopic choledocholithoextraction in 18.9% of choledochotomy patients and in 86.4% of those who underwent transcystic common bile duct exploration. Choledochoscopy demonstrated an overall bile duct stone clearance rate of 97.6%.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on the components of metabolic syndrome. Review
Authors: Gridnyev O. Y. , Gridnieva S. V. 
Published: April 2024

The article emphasizes the ability of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to influence metabolic processes and considers possible mechanisms of such influence. The data presented that H. pylori infection increases the frequency of metabolic syndrome and its components. It is emphasized that systemic chronic inflammatory processes (one of the main links in the pathogenesis of metabolic‑associated diseases) can be initiated by H. pylori due to the activation of «classical» mechanisms inherent in metabolic diseases: activation of pro‑inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukins‑1, ‑6,) and adipocyte hormones. This is primarily due to the ability of H. pylori to produce cytotoxins (Cag/Vac A) and the presence of lipopolysaccharide in its own cell wall (endotoxin), which can both directly and indirectly induce a pro‑inflammatory response, including a systemic one. In support of this, the data showing that H. pylori eradication prevents repeated stenosis of the coronary arteries after stent placement, leads to an improvement in the course of arterial hypertension, and a significant decrease in the levels of C‑reactive protein. In addition, the effect of H. pylori on pro‑inflammatory cytokines and adipocyte hormones can contribute to the formation of an abnormal proatherogenic lipid profile. This is confirmed by data on the decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol against the background of an increase in the concentration of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol after successful eradication of H pylori. Also noted that H. pylori infection is a potential contributing factor to insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, and this is also largely related to the ability of Helicobacter pylori to produce cytotoxins. Some investigators haven’t established the relationship between H. pylori and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, that can be explained by the use of serological methods for H. pylori diagnosis. The differences in research results may be associated with methodological errors, therefore, further research is needed in this direction, which will contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
PERBEDAAN PERILAKU CYBERLOAFING DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN KARYAWAN MALL X DI SURABAYA
Authors: Kartika Luciana Chandra 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan perilaku cyberloafing berdasarkan jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan pada karyawan Mall x di Surabaya. Subyek penelitian ini berjumlah 80 responden, dengan rincian 40 responden laki-laki dan 40 responden Perempuan di Mall X di Surabaya. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Uji Independent Simple t-test dan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan perilaku cyberloafing berdasarkan jenis kelamin (laki-laki dan perempuan). Hasil reliabilitas dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,937 dengan dilakukan 2x putaran. Selain itu dengan uji prasyarat yang telah terpenuhi bahwa data berdistribusi normal dan homogen, maka Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Uji ANOVA Satu Arah (Independent Simple T-test) untuk mengetahui perbedaan perbedaan perilaku cyberloafing berdasarkan jenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan pada karyawan Mall x di Surabaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa hipotesis diterima dengan memperoleh nilai sebesar ρ=0,044 dengan taraf signifikan (ρ<0,05) hasil value F= 0,167 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku cyberloafing memiliki perbedaan berdasarkan laki-laki dan perempuan. maka hipotesis diatas di terima.
بلاغة السرد والصورة لدى الروائية أحلام مستغانمي
Authors: صادق هليل الشريفي الاء , تؤلوبوك حاج مامين فابية 
Published: April 2024

يتجه مسار الدراسة نحو البحث في بلاغة النص الروائي من وجهة النظر الأسلوبية؛ فبمراجعة مسار تطور النقد الفني يتبين أن العديد من المدارس النقدية كانت قد اتجهت منذ مراحل مبكرة إلى إثبات الطبيعة الأسلوبية للرواية انطلاقاً من تأكيد قدرتها على استيعاب الفنون البلاغية التي كانت محتكرة في أغلب الأحيان من قبل نظرية الشعر، وهو الاتجاه الذي أفضى لاحقاً إلى الاعتراف ببلاغة الرواية، وبقدرتها على الكشف عن مستويات بلاغية تتجاوز حدود العبارات والجمل إلى فضاء بلاغة السرد، وبلاغة الصورة، إلا أن هذه الميزات تظهر في نطاق الرؤية الأسلوبية أكثر منها في نطاق المفاهيم والتشكيلات النظرية والتطبيقية للبلاغة التقليدية، الأمر الذي يعزى إليه تسمية الأسلوبية عند البعض بـ "البلاغة الجديدة". وعليه؛ تعنى الباحثة في هذا البحث بدراسة وتحليل بلاغة النص الروائي لدى أحلام مستغانمي وذلك في ثلاثة عناصر بلاغية وأسلوبية، تتمثل بكل من بلاغة السرد وبلاغة الصورة.
الرؤية المستقبلية للتنمية المستدامة في العراق والعلاقة بينها وبين القطاع النفطي العراقي
Authors: عبد الرضا حمد دنان العطافي رشا , طالب احمد الجنديل جعفر 
Published: April 2024

أن من مهام الدول المنتجة للنفط هو الاستثمار الاجنبي لعدم قدرة اغلب البلدان النامية على استغلال موردها بالشكل الامثل ، والاستثمار في القطاع النفطي يستوجب من الشركات الاحتكارية الانتاج الواسع لتغطية التكاليف بأسرع وقت وهو يعد من العوامل الاساسية والمساعدة في نضوب المورد الغير متجدد والاحفوري (النفط) وان الاسراف في استخدامه تعني اهمال حصة الاجيال المستقبلية او اللاحقة, وبذلك نكون امام خيارات صعبة هل لابد من الاستمرار في الاستثمار لتحقيق عمليات التنمية وتغطية حاجة البلدان المنتجة للنفط، ام نقلل من الاستثمار بقدر حاجتنا ونستغل مواردة للتنمية المستدامة وبناء البنى التحتية ، لذا ينبغي معرفة كل شيء عن المورد النفطي كالتراخيص النفطية ودور التنمية المستدامة بذلك والعلاقة بينها وبين القطاع النفطي, بالإضافة الى الخوض في القطاع النفطي والنظر في تحقيق بعض الاستثمارات في الطاقات المتجددة من اجل التنمية المستدامة.
Issues and options of sustainable management of Himalayan medicinal herbs
Authors: Luintel Harisharan 
Published: April 2024

Nepal hosts a wide range of NTFPs and bio-diversity including over 700 species of medicinal herbs. NTFPs are an important part of the Nepalese economy, both locally as well as nationally. Recent studies indicate that several commercially valuable species are being over used and degraded (Edward 1996; Malla et al. 1995; Hertog 1995; Karki 1996; Sharma, 1996) due to higher demand as raw materials for herbal industries in India and other countries. As a result of pre-mature harvesting, over-exploitation and haphazard collection of NTFPs, the productive potential of the whole forest ecosystem is undermined. The damage is particularly serious in termsof pressure on the few species identified for trade, as well as pre-mature harvesting, physical damage, and haphazard collection.
This indicates a need to assess the reasons behind unsustainable practices, and identify options for sustainable management. Based on the recently collected field data from the western Himalayan region (Humla and Dolpa districts), the paper analyzes dynamics of unsustainable harvesting and management practices of NTFPs, with particular reference to Jatamansi (Nardostachysgrandiflora), Kutki (Picmrhiza scrophulariiflora) and Sugandhawal (Valeriana jatainansi). Key variables within institutional, economic, natural/physical, and policy aspects are considered for analysis. Finally, potential actions that can be taken to improve harvesting practices are also suggested.
Googlism – Man’s New “Religion” in the Digital Age
Authors: Jasiński Karol 
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the main premises of googlism and to characterize the various ways of understanding it. The paper comprises two main parts: the first part presents the main elements of googlism (the doctrine, moral principles, the cult and the community), which makes it resemble a religion in its conventional meaning. However, it emphasizes that the similarity to a religion is only superficial since one crucial element is missing: the affirmation of a supernatural and personal Absolute and an existential, dynamic and holistic interpersonal relation between It and man. Sacralization and deification of a search engine can hardly be regarded as a constitutive element of a religion. The second part contains characteristics of googlism as a lay religion, with the sacrum reduced to natural aspects as a result of technology sacralization; a digital religion, that is, a technological space which favors the creation of new religious content and practice; the “new spirituality” of the man of the era of a digital revolution; and, finally, a “joke religion,” which is a parody of religious life.