bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efeito da rutina sobre a maturação in vitro de oócitos de ovelhas obtidos de folículos pré-antrais cultivados in vitro
Authors: Torres Maria Lilian Gomes Loiola , Andrade Kíscyla Oliveira de , Silva Regina Lucia dos Santos , Monte Alane Pains Oliveira do , Guimarães Valéria da Silva , Oliveira Junior Joãozito Liandro , Souza Luanna Mendes , Santos Gabriela Cristina  da Silva , França Anna Thaylla Venceslau , Matos Maria Helena Tavares de 
Published: March 2024

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o efeito da rutina sobre a maturação in vitro (MIV) de oócitos provenientes de folículos secundários de ovelhas cultivados in vitro e analisar o possível envolvimento da via mTOR na MIV, sob influência da rutina. Os folículos secundários foram cultivados por 18 dias em meio α-Mínimo Essencial (α-MEM) suplementado com albumina sérica bovina (BSA), insulina, glutamina, hipoxantina, transferrina, selênio, ácido ascórbico e leptina (meio controle: α-MEM+). Em seguida, os folículos foram avaliados quanto à morfologia, formação do antro e diâmetro folicular e taxa de oócitos totalmente crescidos (≥110 µm). Oócitos totalmente crescidos foram submetidos à MIV em meio de cultivo de tecidos 199 (TCM199) suplementado com soro fetal bovino (FBS), hormônio luteinizante (LH), hormônio folículo estimulante recombinante (rFSH) (meio controle MIV) ou neste meio com 0,1, 1 ou 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina. Ao final da MIV, os oócitos foram avaliados quanto à atividade mitocondrial, concentração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e glutationa (GSH), porcentagem de retomada de meiose, fragmentação de DNA e envolvimento da via mTOR. Após 18 dias de cultivo in vitro, 77,5% dos folículos estavam normais e 77,7% tornaram-se folículos antrais, com 380,41 µm de diâmetro. Além disso, 70% dos oócitos que cresceram in vitro atingiram diâmetro ≥110 µm e foram submetidos à MIV. A concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou significativamente a porcentagem de oócitos que retomaram a meiose (47,27%) em comparação ao meio controle (30,43%). Houve um aumento significativo nas concentrações de ROS e GSH em oócitos maturados com 0.1 µg.mL-1 de rutina em comparação com os outros tratamentos com rutina (p < 0,05). Além disso, a maturação de oócitos em TCM199+ aumentou (p<0,05) o percentual de fragmentação de DNA (30%) comparado ao tratamento com 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina (0%). Após MIV, ambos os tratamentos maturados na presença ou ausência de rapamicina apresentaram porcentagem semelhante de retomada meiótica (61,76% para TCM199 + 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina e 70,73% para TCM199 + 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina + rapamicina) (p>0,05). Em conclusão, a concentração de 10 µg.mL-1 de rutina aumentou a retomada da meiose e reduziu os danos ao DNA.
Collaborative decision-making on preservation cost control of litchi supply chain in Zhangzhou
Authors: Li Yingtang 
Published: March 2024

<p>Litchi is a kind of fruit with high demand for freshness, and the freshness of litchi is lost very quickly. There is no cooperative decision -making mechanism for litchi supply chain in Zhangzhou<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">,</span> and the members of the supply chain make decisions independently in most cases. The members of the supply chain make decisions based on their own interests, so that the freshness of litchi cannot be well controlled, and the overall benefit of litchi supply chain cannot be maximized. On the basis of analyzing the supply chain structure and the preservation cost of litchi supply chain in Zhangzhou, this paper demonstrates the necessity of collaborative decision-making on preservation cost control of litchi supply chain in Zhangzhou through an example, and put forward to implement the collaborative decision-making on preservation cost control of litchi supply chain in Zhangzhou by constructing the collaborative decision-making platform of litchi supply chain in Zhangzhou.</p>
Article: The European Triangle: On the Relationship between Primary EU Law, Secondary EU Law and National Law in the Field of Direct Taxation
Authors: J.A.M. Korving Jasper 
Published: March 2024

National tax law provisions, EU Directives’ provisions and primary EU law interact. National rules may be based on EU law, EU law may prohibit national legal requirements, and sometimes secondary EU law can be contrary to primary EU law. The three sources of law that, in concert, form a triangle by connecting the three sources,affect each other, especially for interpretational purposes. The author analyzes the relation between the different sources of law, taking each side of the triangle as starting points, and critically addresses flaws in the current approach towards interpretation of EU law, direct effect and the compatibility of secondary EU law with primary EU law. Especially with an increasing number of forthcoming EU Directives in the field of direct taxation, the determination to what extent a directive is an acceptable political compromise or is contrary to fundamental principles is getting increasingly important.
EU Law, Directives, Interpretation, Implementation, Harmonization, Direct effect, Fundamental Rights, manifest error, ATAD, DAC
The EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act: An Introduction
Authors: Pehlivan Ceyhun Necati 
Published: March 2024

As part of its digital strategy, the European Commission proposed the world’s first-ever comprehensive legal framework on AI in April 2021. In December 2023, the Council and the Parliament reached a political agreement on the EU’s new Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act). The AI Act follows a risk-based approach and aims to ensure that AI systems placed on or used in the EU market are safe and respect fundamental rights. The AI Act is expected to become a model for AI governance worldwide in a similar way that the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has influenced data protection regulation beyond European borders. While technical negotiations on the final text are ongoing and the final wording of the provisional agreement is not yet public, this article aims at providing a detailed overview and analysis of the upcoming provisions and requirements of the AI Act based on public (and some non-public) reports and press releases on the political agreement reached by the Council and the Parliament.
AI Act, EU, Artificial Intelligence, AI, AI Systems, High-Risk, General Purpose, GPAI, Generative AI, Foundation Models, ChatGPT
Article: AI, Facial Recognition, and Policing: Business Opportunities and Legal Challenges: A UK Analysis with Glimpses of EU Law
Authors: Della Giustina Camilla , De Gioia Carabellese Pierre 
Published: March 2024

It is a well-known fact that the health emergency caused an unprecedented surge in both information technology (IT) and digitalization. Not only did the virus spread, but technological advancement was also taking place: tracking ill people allowed for a semblance of normal social life to continue, despite the pandemic lockdown. One of the main consequences of the pandemic was the implementation of a large-scale video-surveillance system. This article examines, from a legal perspective, the relationship between video-surveillance activity and citizens’ rights, and attempts to balance the two sides of the same coin through a comparative analysis. To this end, reference is made to the UK case law and the controversy resolved by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Finally, an empirical approach on this matter is provided by the recent guidelines adopted by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB) and the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act).
Artificial Intelligence, AI, Video-Surveillance, Automated Facial Recognition, Technology, Human Rights, Privacy, Policing, Rule of Law
Facilitating Services Trade Through the Adoption of Good Regulatory Practices: The New Reference Paper on Services Domestic Regulation
Authors: Jelitto Markus 
Published: March 2024

The agreement by sixty-nine WTO Members on a set of disciplines on the transparency, predictability, and efficiency of services regulation - otherwise known as the ‘Reference Paper on Services Domestic Regulation’ - marks the first negotiated outcome in the field of services trade since the extended negotiations on basic telecommunications and financial services in 1997. The outcome illustrates, on the one hand, the challenge of arriving at multilaterally agreed results in the WTO even for substantively non-controversial issues. On the other hand, it is testament to the ability of large groups of like-minded WTO Members to cooperate and deliver without political linkages with other negotiating issues. This contribution aims to provide an overview of the evolution of negotiations on domestic regulation at the WTO, and elaborates on how the main features of the new Reference Paper complement and build upon regulatory disciplines contained in the GATS. While not yet legally into force, recent evidence suggests that the new Reference Paper will become a standard building block for future economic cooperation agreements and its implementation is expected to generate broad economic benefits.
services domestic regulation, WTO, Joint Initiative, preferential trade agreements, economic benefits, good regulatory practices
Rebalancing the Trading Scale?: Recent Trends in the Implementation of Article 8 of the Safeguards Agreement
Authors: Yano Hiromi 
Published: March 2024

The WTO safeguard measure takes the form of a suspension of an obligation under the GATT or the withdrawal or modifications of a GATT concession. When an importing Member imposes a safeguard measure, it shall endeavour to maintain a substantially equivalent level of concessions and may agree to compensate the exporting Member(s) affected by the safeguard measure. The SG Agreement also stipulates that if no agreement is reached within thirty days, the affected Member could suspend, under certain conditions, the application of substantially equivalent concessions or other obligations to the trade of the imposing Member. It has been rare that the exporting Member and the Member applying the safeguard agreed to a compensation. At the same time, until 2018, notifications of suspension of concessions to rebalance the level of concessions have also been rare. However, suspension of concessions sharply increased since 2018. This article offers some observations relating to this recent trend.
WTO, Safeguards, GATT, compensation, suspension of concessions, rebalancing
Why Do (High-Income) Countries Wish to Green Their Trade Agreements?
Authors: Grigoras Tamara 
Published: March 2024

In recent years, many states have undertaken to green their free trade agreements (FTA). As the pace of this evolution towards greener trade relations continues to accelerate, it has also been met with resistance. The inclusion of environmental commitments in FTAs has sometimes been dismissed as an attempt by high-income countries to level the playing field for their market actors by raising environmental standards abroad. Against this background, this article aims to investigate what underlying motive(s) (high-income) states pursue when they negotiate environmental provisions. Using the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) as a case study, it is argued that it is possible to rely on the legalization of these commitments to unravel treaty parties’ motives for negotiating such rules in the first place. In the case of the USMCA, it is found that the agreement’s environmental commitments could be interpreted as mirroring concern either for the environment or for unfair foreign competition. A closer look at the negotiation process leading to the adoption of the agreement suggests that it was mainly – although certainly not exclusively – out of environmental concerns that stringent environmental commitments were included in the USMCA.
free trade agreements, US trade relations, economic integration, United States-Mexico- Canada Agreement, asymmetries of power, negotiation of treaties, environmental provisions, green protectionism, trade and sustainable development, legalization of international commitments
Article: Assignment and Bundling of Antitrust Claims as an Alternative to Collective Consumer Compensatory Redress in Croatia
Authors: Butorac Malnar Vlatka 
Published: March 2024

Over the last decade, there has been a proliferation of mass antitrust damages cases before national courts of Member States. The procedural landscape varies very much, however, a number of MS have some form of compensatory and/or injunctive collective tool for consumers and other categories of victims from antitrust violations. Croatia has no such system in place, so the purpose of this article is to analyse the potential and limits of assignment and bundling of claims as an alternative to a full-fledged collective compensatory redress mechanism. The paper identifies advantages and possible disadvantages and limitations of this tool. The author argues, that while the general rules of contract law offer wide discretion and possibilities to organize a ‘collective’ action for damages though mass assignment, it falls short of consumer protection measures.
competition law, assignment of claims, collective consumer protection, antitrust damages, EU, Croatia
Chronic hepatitis B and occult infection in chemotherapy patients - evaluation in oncology and hemato-oncology settings: The CHOICE study
Authors: Sudevan Nayana , Manrai Manish , Tilak T V S V G K , Khurana Harshit , Premdeep Harikrishnan 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies, including cancer chemotherapy. HBV reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality, which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral prophylaxis.
AIM
To determine the prevalence of chronic HBV (CHB) and occult HBV infection (OBI) among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy.
METHODS
In this observational study, the prevalence of CHB and OBI was assessed among patients receiving chemotherapy. Serological markers of HBV infection [hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)/anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBc)] were evaluated for all patients. HBV DNA levels were assessed in those who tested negative for HBsAg but positive for total anti-HBc.
RESULTS
The prevalence of CHB in the study cohort was determined to be 2.3% [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.0-4.2]. Additionally, the prevalence of OBI among the study participants was found to be 0.8% (95%CI: 0.2-2.3).
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study highlight the importance of screening for hepatitis B infection in oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. Identifying individuals with CHB and OBI is crucial for implementing appropriate antiviral prophylaxis to prevent the reactivation of HBV infection, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality.
Studi Kompratif Tentang Jual Beli Menggunakan Ba’i Urbun Menurut Madzhab Syafi’i Dan Madzhab Hambali
Authors: Zainal  , Rizkiyanto  
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini berangkat dari latar belakang perbedaan pandangan mengenai ba’i urbun antar pendapat Madzhab Syafi’i dan madzhab Hambali. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pandangan mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Hambali tentang ba’i urbun dan bagaimana perbedaan dan persamaan mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Hambali tentang bai’i urbun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui antara pandangan mazhab Syafi’i dan Hambali tentang ba’i urbun. Adapun penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan (Library reseach). Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data skunder. Metode yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini yang pertama adalah editing, yaitu memeriksa kembali data-data lainnya. Kedua organizing, yaitu menyusun data yang diperoleh dalam rangka memaparkan sesuai dengan pemgorganisasian masing-masing data, sehingga memperoleh kesimpulan-kesimpulan sebagai jawaban dari pertanyaan rumusan masalah. Sedangkan teknik analisa datanya menggunakan metode komparatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa madzhab Syafi’i melarang adanya Jual beli urbun karena mengandung unsur penipuan dan terdapat bahaya yang akan mengancam salah satu belah pihak dengan kerugian dan memakan harta tanpa pengganti. Sedangkan madzhab Hambali membolehkan jual beli urbun, karena kedua belah pihak telah menyepakatinya sehingga tidak ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan.
Pengaruh Kemudahan, Manfaat, Keamanan, Kepercayaan, dan Inovasi terhadap Keputusan Menggunakan Aplikasi Gojek pada Fitur Gopay di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Lutfia Farhatul Mahmuda  , Nurul Setyaningrum  , Retna Anggitani  
Published: March 2024

Kota Denpasar merupakan ibu kota Provinsi Bali, yang mempunyai potensi tingkat menengah dalam pengembangan instrumen pembayaran non tunai (e-money) dengan menjadi destinasi wisata paling populer di Indonesia. Saat ini banyak kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat Denpasar dengan memanfaatkan layanan GoPay pada aplikasi GoJek sebagai alat transaksi yang digunakan untuk pengganti uang tunai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji pengaruh kemudahan, manfaat, keamanan, kepercayaan, dan inovasi terhadap keputusan menggunakan fitur GoPay pada aplikasi GoJek di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. penelitian ini mengambil sampel pada responden yang menggunakan GoPay di kota Denpasar - Bali. Data berhasil dikumpulkan sejumlah 100 responden dengan menggunakan survei secara online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin kuat kemudahan, manfaat, keamanan, kepercayaan, dan inovasi maka semakin kuat pula pengaruh terhadap keputusan menggunkana aplikasi GoJek pada fitur GoPay di masa pandemi Covid-19
Populismo Penal; Una mirada a Ecuador y Latinoamérica
Authors: Romero Noboa Wendy Pilar , Tipantuña Trujillo Bryan Ismael , Zabala Silva Mishel Esthefania , Lara Pilco Anthony Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Introducción: El populismo penal constituye una técnica utilizada por la clase política para generar una falsa sensación de seguridad en la sociedad, mediante la utilización del poder punitivo, bajo esta premisa resulta evidente que los estados garantistas se encuentran en plena contraposición con esta práctica.
Desarrollo: Existe la necesidad de analizar si en Ecuador y Latinoamérica se presentan expresiones de populismo penal a fin de establecer si esta corriente perniciosa mantiene vigencia en el espacio de análisis, el presente estudio se realiza a través de un análisis doctrinario, jurídico y bibliográfico que incluye definiciones, expresiones de populismo, transgresiones normativas y temas conexos como la demagogia penal
Aplicaciones prácticas: Se debe priorizar la elaboración, difusión y fortalecimiento de los mecanismos de alcance y proyección nacional, canales de comunicación que fomente la capacitación en política criminal, así como estudiar estrategias de mejoramiento.
Conclusiones: Se evidencia que el populismo penal mantiene una clara vigencia en Ecuador y en varios países Latinoamericanos, generalmente los representantes del poder proponen permanentes modificaciones en la norma penal, obviando la existencia de estudios multidisciplinares serios que sustenten su proposición, actúan guiados única y exclusivamente en obtener o recuperar la simpatía ciudadana, ofrecen esta práctica rudimentaria como respuesta inmediata al evidente estado de inseguridad.
RELAÇÃO COMPARATIVA DE EDIÇÕES ILUSTRADAS
Authors: Macieira Cássia 
Published: March 2024

O livro A menina do narizinho arrebitado, de Monteiro Lobato, foi publicado em 1920. Após a obra centenária ser declarada de domínio público, várias editoras investiram em edições comemorativas, como é o caso de Reinações de Narizinho (Companhia das Letrinhas, 2019). Os Estudos da Intermidialidade possibilitam entender o diálogo entre as mídias e artes, considerando a composição visual, as cores, a diagramação e, também, as relações mútuas. Esse artigo investiga as semelhanças, contrastes a intermidialidade nas duas edições supracitadas. A fundamentação teórica está alicerçada na obra A intermidialidade e os estudos interartes na arte contemporânea, com organização de Camila Figueiredo, Solange Oliveira e Thaïs Flores Diniz (FIGUEIREDO et al., 2020), e no artigo Intermidialidade, de Claus Clüver (CLÜVER, 2011).
ANALISIS HUKUM PEMBINAAN KARIER PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL YANG PROFESIONAL
Authors: Mulyana Momon 
Published: March 2024

Pegawai Negeri Sipil merupakan sumber daya manusia yang harus ada pada organisasi pemerintahan karena peranannya sangat penting, dalam melaksanakan Pembangunan Nasional, oeh karena itu dibutuhkan Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang Profesional, bertanggung jawab, jujur, adil dan bermoral melalui pembinaan Karier yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan sistim merit, yang tertuang didalam Undang-undang Nomor 5 tahun 2014 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara.
Di dalam pelaksanaan dan penyelenggaraannya banyak mengalami kesulitan-kesulitan sehingga memerlukan pengaturan dan pembinaan yang sebaik-baiknya, termasuk dalam proses pengangkatan pegawai untuk menduduki jabatan struktural.
Berdasarkan latar belakang kedudukan Pegawai Negeri Sipil dalam jabatan struktural haruslah dilakukan secara efektif atau sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, karena kedudukan jabatan struktural sangatlah rentan dengan penyimpangan-penyimpangan atau kepentingan pribadi yang mendominasi seperti kepentingan politik, kerabat keluarga dan lain-lain.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam Penulisan ini adalah yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti data primer dan juga sekunder yang lebih luas meliputi bahan rujukan seperti dokumen resmi yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah atau risalah perundang-undangan dibidang kepegawaian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mengadakan telaah bahan pustaka dan studi dokumen.
Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan undang-undang kepegawaian yang berlaku saat ini masih terdapat kelemahan-kelemahan dalam proses pengaturan sistem pembinaan karier atau dalam kebiiakan menempatkan suatu jabatan struktural dalam birokrasi pemerintahan,hal ini karena dalam penempatan pejabat tersebut lebih pada kepentingan politik, perkawanan, balas jasa dan lain sebagainya.
PERAN KOMISI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (KASN) DALAM PERWUJUDAN SISTEM MERIT BAGI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (ASN) YANG PROFESIONAL DAN UNGGUL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sadik Muh. Nur 
Published: March 2024

Dijelaskan dalam UU Nomor 5 Tahun 2014, Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) adalah profesi bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dan pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja yang bekerja pada instansi pemerintah (PPPK).
Sebagaimana kita ketahui dalam Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014, sistem merit adalah kebijakan dan manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) yang berdasarkan pada kualifikasi, kompetensi, dan kinerja secara adil dan wajar dengan tanpa membedakan latar belakang politik, ras, warna kulit, agama, asal usul, jenis kelamin, status perkawinan, umur atau kondisi kecacatan.
Adapun masalah inti pada penerapan Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 adalah manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) yang meliputi: Kurang kompetensi, dan profesional dari pegawai ASN, kurangnya pemahaman terhadap fungsi dan tuntutan pekerjaan, kurang kondusifnya lingkungan organisasi dimana pekeriaan tersebut dilaksanakan, belum diterapkannya sistem merit
Kita berharap Komisi Aparatur Sipil Negara (KASN) dalam perwujudan sistem merit, dikaitkan dengan terciptanya Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) yang profesional dan unggul dalam kebijakan dan manajemen dapat tercipta dengan pendekatan model Boyatzis yaitu suatu model pengembangan kineria dan prestasi dengan mengintegrasikan 3 elemen yaitu: kompetensi individu, fungsi dan tuntutan pekerjaan serta sistem merit pada instansi pemerintahan dimana pekeriaan tersebut dilaksanakan.
Semoga Bapak Presiden dengan tegas dan komitmen yang kuat untuk, menjalankan sistem merit dalam manajemen pemerintahan ASN, juga sangat diharapkan Kementerian PAN dan RB melakukan koordinasi yang baik dalam pelaksanaan sistem merit dalam manajemen ASN pada Pemerintahan sekarang ini.