bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydroepiandrosterone alters lipid profiles in Zucker rats
Authors: Abadie Jude M. , Malcom Gray T. , Porter Johnny R. , Svec Frank 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHigh free fatty acid (FFA) levels are common in obesity and in diseases such as diabetes that are associated with the obese state. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) decreases dietary fat consumption, body fat content, and insulin levels in the obese Zucker rat (ZR), a genetic model of human youth‐onset obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of DHEA on lean and obese ZR serum, adipose, and hepatic tissue fatty acid (FA) profiles and serum FFA levels. Because DHEA is known to decrease fat consumption and body fat, we postulate that DHEA may also alter FA profiles and FFA levels of the obese ZR such that they more closely resemble the profiles and levels of their lean siblings. In this study there was a DHEA and a pair‐fed (PF) group (n=6) for 12 lean and 12 obese ZR. The diet of the treatment groups was supplemented with 0.6% DHEA, and PF groups were given the same average calories consumed by their corresponding DHEA group for 30 d. Fasted animals were sacrificed, and FA profiles and FFA levels were measured. Serum FFA levels were higher in obese (∼1 mmol/L) compared to lean rats (∼0.6 mmol/L). After 30 d of DHEA treatment, FFA levels were lower (P<0.05) in both lean and obese groups. Although several significant differences in FA profile of serum, hepatic, and adipose lipid components were observed between lean and obese ZR, DHEA‐related changes were only observed in the serum phospholipid (PL) and liver PL and triglyceride fractions. The slight but significant decrease in serum FFA levels may be reflected by changes in serum PL FA profiles. Specific hepatic FA profile alterations may be related to DHEA's known effects in inducing hepatic peroxisomes. We speculate that such FA changes may give insight into a mechanism for the action of DHEA.
Protective effect of olive oil and its phenolic compounds against low density lipoprotein oxidation
Authors: Fitó Montserrat , Covas María Isabel , Lamuela‐Raventós Rosa M. , Vila Joan , Torrents Jaume , de la Torre Carmen , Marrugat Jaume 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe protective effect of phenolic compounds from an olive oil extract, and of olive oils with (extra‐virgin) and without (refined) phenolic components, on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was investigated. When added to isolated LDL, phenolics [0.025–0.3 mg/L caffeic acid equivalents (CAE)] increased the lag time of conjugated diene formation after copper‐mediated LDL oxidation in a concentration‐dependent manner. Concentrations of phenolics greater than 20 mg/L inhibited formation of thiobarbituric‐acid reactive substances after AAPH‐initiated LDL oxidation. LDL isolated from plasma after preincubation with phenolics (25–160 mg/L CAE) showed a concentration‐dependent increase in the lag time of conjugated diene formation after copper‐mediated LDL oxidation. Refined olive oil (0 mg/L CAE) and extra‐virgin olive oil (0.1 and 0.3 mg/L CAE) added to isolated LDL caused an increase in the lag time of conjugated diene formation after copper‐mediated LDL oxidation that was related to olive oil phenolic content. Multiple regression analysis showed that phenolics were significantly associated with the increase in lag time after adjustment for effects of other antioxidants; α‐tocopherol also achieved a statistically significant effect. These results indicate that olive oil phenolic compounds protect LDL against peroxyl radical‐dependent and metal‐induced oxidation in vitro and could associate with LDL after their incubation with plasma. Both types of olive oil protect LDL from oxidation. Olive oil containing phenolics, however, shows more antioxidant effect on LDL oxidation than refined olive oil.
Composition of cecal bile acids in ex‐germfree mice inoculated with human intestinal bacteria
Authors: Narushima Seiko , Iton Kikuji , Kuruma Kazuo , Uchida Kiyohisa 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGermfree (GF) mice were orally inoculated with human fecal suspension or various components of human fecal microbiota. Three weeks after the inoculation, cecal bile acid composition of these mice was examined. More than 80% of total bile acids was deconjugated in the cecal contents of ex‐GF mice associated with human fecal dilutions of 10−2 or 10−6, or anaerobic growth from a dilution of 10−6. In these ex‐GF mice, deoxycholic acid accounted for about 20% of total bile acids. In the cecal contents of ex‐GF mice associated only with clostridia, unconjugated bile acids made up less than 40% of total bile acids, about half of those in other ex‐GF groups. However, the percentage of deoxycholic acid in these mice was the same as that in the other groups. These results indicate that dominant anaerobic bacterial combination is efficient for deconjugation of primary bile acids, and that clostridia in the human feces may play an important role in 7α‐dehydroxylation of unconjugated primary bile acids in the intestine.
Lipid and fatty acid composition and energy partitioning during embryo development in the shrimp Macrobrachium borellii
Authors: Heras Horacio , Gonzalez‐Baró M. R. , Pollero Ricardo J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEnergy partitioning, composition of lipids and fatty acids, and their utilization by embryos were determined in the lecithotrophic shrimp Macrobrachium borellii during seven development stages. The biochemical composition at stage I is represented by lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, with 29.3, 28.7, and 0.2% dry weight, respectively. The former two were identified as the major energy‐providing components, contributing 131 and 60 cal/100 mg egg, dry weight, respectively. The overall conversion efficiency (CE) was 45.0% (calculated as percentage of vitelline energy transformed into embryonic tissues). Lipids were the most important energy reserve (CE 39.3%), followed by proteins (CE 57.1%), both being simultaneously utilized during development while carbohydrates were synthesized de novo (CE 587.5%). Variation in the lipid class composition of embryos and vitellus showed an accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) up to stage IV, a more active accumulation and selective utilization phase (stages V and VI), and a consumption and de novo synthesis period until hatching. Structural lipids (PL and cholesterol) and pigment astaxanthin were selectively conserved in embryos, but TAG, hydrocarbons, and esterified sterols were preferentially depleted. Monounsaturated fatty acids (FA) were the major group in TAG, whereas polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were the major group in PL after organogenesis. Certain PUFA such as 22∶6n−3 and 20∶5n−3 were selectively accumulated in PL.
Evidence for the presence of 1,2‐cyclic acetal type sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamines in the sea anemone, Actiniogeton sp.
Authors: Tanaka Ryuichiro , Ishizaki Hiroaki , Morita Takahiro , Miyahara Kazumoto , Noda Naoki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFive 1,2‐cyclic acetal‐type sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamines (CGPE) were isolated in a pure state from the sea anemone, Actiniogeton sp. (Coelenterata). Their structures, including the absolute configurations, have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectral data to be so‐called Feulgen's acetalphosphatides, which have been regarded as artifacts derived from original plasmalogens. We examined whether these CGPE are intact constitutents in the animal tissues and obtained reliable confirmation that CGPE are normally present in the sea anemone.
Lipid analog with 2‐nitrophenol trigger designed for liposome fusion at physiological pH
Authors: Shah S. N. , Tomohiro Takenori , Ogawa Yoshikatsu , Kodaka Masato , Okuno Hiroaki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA novel lipid analog with two long alkyl (C16) chains, an aspartate skeleton, a connecting alkyl (C8) chain, and 2‐nitrophenol trigger group is synthesized by an efficient synthetic route, which can induce liposome fusion at physiological pH.
Smoking influences the association between apolipoprotein E and lipids: The national heart, lung, and blood institute family heart study
Authors: Djoussé Luc , Myers Richard H. , Coon Hilary , Arnett Donna K. , Province Michael A. , Ellison R. Curtis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractApolipoprotein E allele 4 (apo ɛ4) and smoking each have been associated with an unfavorable lipid profile. We used data collected on 1,472 subjects in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study to assess whether smoking interacts with apo ɛ4 to influence the levels of plasma lipids. We dichotomized smoking and apo ɛ4 and used analysis of covariance to estimate the means of lipids. Smokers had lower body mass index, were younger, and consumed less fruits and vegetables. Among individuals without apo ɛ4, comparing nonsmokers with smokers, mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was 129.3 and 134.4 mg/dL, respectively, for women and 126.1 and 127.6 mg/dL, respectively, for men. Among subjects with an apo ɛ4 allele, corresponding means were 132.0, and 152.9 mg/dL, respectively, for women and 131.3 and 137.3 mg/dL, respectively, for men (P for interaction <0.001 for women and 0.11 for men). A similar interaction was observed for total cholesterol among women (P=0.02). This study shows a statistically significant effect modification of the relation of apo ɛ4 to LDL and total cholesterol by smoking among women. Smoking may enhance genetic susceptibility to an unfavorable lipid profile among subjects with apo ɛ4.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analyses of changes in tissue phospholipid molecular species during the evolution of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
Authors: Hsu Fong‐Fu , Bohrer Alan , Wohltmann Mary , Ramanadham Sasanka , Ma Zhongmin , Yarasheski Kevin , Turk John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a genetic model of type II diabetes mellitus in which males homozygous for nonfunctional leptin receptors (fa/fa) develop obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia, but rats homozygous for normal receptors (+/+) remain lean and normoglycemic. Insulin resistance develops in young fa/fa rats and is followed by evolution of an insulin secretory defect that triggers hyperglycemia. Because insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity are affected by membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, we have determined whether metabolic abnormalities in fa/fa rats are associated with changes in tissue phospholipids. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analyses of glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) molecular species from tissues of prediabetic (6 wk of age) and overtly diabetic (12 wk) fa/fa rats and from +/+ rats of the same ages indicate that arachidonate‐containing species from heart, aorta, and liver of prediabetic fa/fa rats made a smaller contribution to GPC total ion current than was the case for +/+ rats. There was a correspondingly larger contribution from species with sn‐2 oleate or linoleate substituents in fa/fa heart and aorta. The relative contributions of arachidonate‐containing GPC species increased in these tissues as fa/fa rats aged and were equal to or greater than those for +/+ rats by 12 wk. For heart and aorta, relative contributions from GPE species with sn‐2 arachidonate or docosahexaenoate substituents to the total ion current increased and those from species with sn‐2 oleate or linoleate substituents fell as fa/fa rats aged, but these tissue lipid profiles changed little with age in +/+ rats. GPC and GPE profiles for brain, kidney, sciatic nerve, and red blood cells were similar among fa/fa and +/+ rats at 6 and 12 wk or age, and pancreatic islets from fa/fa and +/+ rats exhibited similar GPC and GPE profiles at 12 wk of age. Under‐representation of arachidonate‐containing GPC and GPE species in some fa/fa rat tissues at 6 wk could contribute to insulin resistance, but depletion of islet arachidonate‐containing GPC and GPE species is unlikely to explain the evolution of the insulin secretory defect that is well‐developed by 12 wk of age.
Triacylglycerols of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum can contribute to the biosynthesis of eukaryotic galactolipids
Authors: Khozin‐Goldberg Inna , Yu Hu Zheng , Adlerstein Daniel , Didi‐Cohen Shoshana , Heimer Yair M , Cohen Zvi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA mutant of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum was selected on the basis of impaired growth at suboptimal temperatures (15 vs. 25°C). Fatty acid and lipid analyses revealed diminished proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (from 41 to 30%) and of the eukaryotic molecular species (from 38 to 28% of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and elevated proportion (10 vs. 2%) of triacylglycerols (TAG) in the mutant, as compared with the wild type. Pulse labeling of the wild type cells with radioactive fatty acid precursors indicated an initial incorporation of the fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine (PC) and TAG. Following the pulse, the label of PC and TAG decreased with time (from 25 to 5% of the total dpm in TAG) while that of chloroplastic polar lipids, mainly MGDG, continued to increase. In the mutant, however, the labeling of TAG after the pulse was higher (30% of the total dpm) than that of the wild type and decreased only slightly to 20%. This may indicate that in P. cruentum, TAG can contribute to the biosynthesis of eukaryotic species of MGDG.
Intravenously injected [1‐14C]arachidonic acid targets phospholipids, and [1‐14C]palmitic acid targets neutral lipids in hearts of awake rats
Authors: Murphy Eric J. , Rosenberger Thad A. , Patrick Casey B. , Rapoport Stanley I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe differential uptake and targeting of intravenously infused [1‐14C]palmitic ([1‐14C] 16∶0) and [1‐14C]arachidonic ([1‐14C]20∶4n−6) acids into heart lipid pools were determined in awake adult male rats. The fatty acid tracers were infused (170 μCi/kg) through the femoral vein at a constant rate of 0.4 mL/min over 5 min. At 10 min postinfusion, the rats were killed using pentobarbital. The hearts were rapidly removed, washed free of exogenous blood, and frozen in dry ice. Arterial blood was withdrawn over the course of the experiment to determine plasma radiotracer levels. Lipids were extracted from heart tissue using a two‐phase system, and total radioactivity was measured in the nonvolatile aqueous and organic fractions. Both fatty acid tracers had similar plasma curves, but were differentially distributed into heart lipid compartments. The extent of [1‐14C]20∶4n−6 esterification into heart phospholipids, primarily choline glycerophospholipids, was elevated 3.5‐fold compared to [1‐14C]16∶0. The unilateral incorporation coefficient, k*, which represents tissue radioactivity divided by the integrated plasma radioactivity for heart phospholipid, was sevenfold greater for [1‐14C]20∶4n−6 than for [1‐14C]16∶0. In contrast, [1‐14C]16∶0 was esterified mainly into heart neutral lipids, primarily triacylglycerols (TG), and was also found in the nonvolatile aqueous compartment. Thus, in rat heart, [1‐14C]20∶4n−6 was primarily targeted for esterification into phospholipids, while [1‐14C]16∶0 was targeted for esterification into TG or metabolized into nonvolatile aqueous components.
Incorporation and metabolism of trans 20∶5 in endothelial cells. Effect on prostacyclin synthesis
Authors: Loï C. , Chardigny J. M. , Cordelet C. , Leclere L. , Genty M. , Ginies C. , Noel J. P. , Sébédio J. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo study the ability of long‐chain trans fatty acids (FA) to be incorporated and metabolized into endothelial cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells were incubated with medium enriched eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) bound to albumin (M2) or one of its geometrical isomers: 20∶5 5c,8c,11t,14c,17c(M3), 20∶5 5c,8c,11c,14c,17t(M4), or 20∶5 5c,8c,11t,14c,17t(M5). After 48 h of incubation, supernatant and cells were harvested and their lipids were analyzed, including prostacyclin synthesis. EPA and 22∶5n−3 of endothelial cells incubated with M2 were, respectively, three and two times higher than in control cells (incubated in M1, without any fatty acid added), whereas 22∶6n−3 increased only in the supernatant, suggesting its release after biosynthesis. However, 18∶2n−6 and 22∶4n−6 decreased (about 30%). Trans 20∶5 isomers represented 4.7, 3.9, and 5.2% of total phospholipid FA in endothelial cells incubated with M3, M4, and M5, respectively. They were elongated into trans 22∶5 and trans 24∶5, as revealed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐Fourier transform infrared analysis. In cells incubated with M2, M3, M4, and M5, prostacyclin synthesis was inhibited by 49.0, 62.5, 60.5, and 72.0%, respectively. This effect may be due to less available arachidonic acid in the cells and to a competition between EPA isomers and AA at the level of cyclooxygenase pathway, as it was demonstrated that 20∶5 Δ17t was metabolized by this enzyme.
Fetal erythrocyte phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids are altered in pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wijendran Vasuki , Bendel Robert B. , Couch Sarah C. , Philipson Elliot H. , Cheruku Sunita , Lammi‐Keefe Carol J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInsulin resistance and altered maternal metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may impair fetal arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status. The objectives were to test the hypothesis that fetal polyunsaturated fatty acids would be altered with GDM and identify factors related to fetal phospholipid (PL) AA and DHA. Maternal and cord vein erythrocyte PL fatty acids were determined in GDM (n=13) and healthy pregnant women (controls, n=12). Cord vein erythrocyte PL AA and DHA concentrations were significantly lower in GDM vs. controls. Maternal blood hemoglobin A1C was inversely correlated to fetal erythrocyte PL DHA and AA in controls and GDM (n=25). Pregravid body mass index was negatively associated with fetal PL DHA. The data support the hypothesis that there is impairment in fetal accretion of DHA and AA in GDM.
Synthesis of 9,12‐Dioxo‐10(Z)‐dodecenoic acid, a new fatty acid metabolite derived from 9‐hydroperoxy‐10,12‐octadecadienoic acid in lentil seed (Lens culinaris medik.)
Authors: Gallasch Bernd A. W. , Spiteller Gerhard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe previously unknown linoleic acid peroxidation product 9,12‐dioxo‐10(Z)‐decenoic acid (Z5) was detected in lentil seed fluor (Lens culinaris Medik.) by electron impact mass spectrometry (El‐MS) after derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl‐hydroxylamine‐hydrochloride, methylation of acidic groups with diazomethane, and protection of hydroxylic groups with N‐methyl‐N‐trimethylsilyl‐trifluoroacetamide. The structure of the natural product was confirmed by synthesis of Z5, 9,12‐dioxo‐10(E)‐decenoic acid, and derivatives. EI‐MS, nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatographic data of these compounds and synthetic intermediates are discussed.
Comparison of growth and fatty acid metabolism in rats fed diets containing equal levels of γ‐linolenic acid from high γ‐linolenic acid canola oil or borage oil
Authors: Palombo John D. , DeMichele Stephen J. , Liu Jim‐Wen , Bistrian Bruce R. , Huang Yung‐Sheng 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have utilized transgenic technology to develop a new source of γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) using the canola plant as a host. The aim of the present study was to compare the growth and fatty acid metabolism in rats fed equal amounts of GLA obtained from the transgenic canola plant relative to GLA from the borage plant. Young male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=10/group) were randomized and fed a purified AIN93G diet (10% lipid by weight) containing either a mixture of high GLA canola oil (HGCO) and corn oil or a control diet containing borage oil (BO) for 6 wk. GLA accounted for 23% of the triglyceride fatty acids in both diets. Growth and diet consumption were monitored every 2–3 d throughout the study. At study termination, the fatty acid composition of the liver and plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography. The growth and diet consumption of the HGCO group were similar to the BO group. There were no adverse effects of either diet on the general health or appearance of the rats, or on the morphology of the major organs. There was no significant difference between the diet groups for total percentage of n−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids present in either the total or individual phospholipid fractions of liver or plasma. The relative percentage of GLA and its main metabolite, arachidonic acid, in each phospholipid fraction of liver or plasma were also similar between groups. The percentage of 18∶2n−6 in liver phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol/serine was higher (P<0.05) and 22∶5n−6 was lower in the HGCO group than the BO group. This finding could be attributed to the higher 18∶3n−3 content in the HGCO diet than the BO diet. Results from this long‐term feeding study of rats show for the first time that a diet containing transgenically modified canola oil was well‐tolerated, and had similar biological effects, i.e., growth characteristics and hepatic metabolism of n−6 fatty acids, as a diet containing borage oil.
Response of plasma lipids to dietary cholesterol and wine polyphenols in rats fed polyunsaturated fat diets
Authors: Frémont Lucie , Gozzelino Marie T. , Linard Alain 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary red wine phenolic compounds (WP) and cholesterol on lipid oxidation and transport in rats. For 5 wk, weanling rats were fed polyunsaturated fat diets (n−6/n−3=6.4) supplemented or not supplemented with either 3 g/kg diet of cholesterol, 5 g/kg diet of WP, or both. The concentrations of triacylglycerols (TAG, P<0.01) and cholesterol (P<0.0002) were reduced in fasting plasma of rats fed cholesterol despite the cholesterol enrichment of very low density lipoprotein + low density lipoprotein (VLDL+LDL). The response was due to the much lower plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) (−35%, P<0.0001). In contrast, TAG and cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulated in liver (+120 and +450%, respectively, P<0.0001). However, the cholesterol content of liver microsomes was not affected. Dietary cholesterol altered the distribution of fatty acids mainly by reducing the ratio of arachidonic acid to linoleic acid (P<0.0001) in plasma VLDL+LDL (−35%) and HDL (−42%) and in liver TAG (−42%), CE (−78%), and phospholipids (−28%). Dietary WP had little or no effect on these variables. On the other hand, dietary cholesterol lowered the α‐tocopherol concentration in VLDL+LDL (−40%, P<0.003) and in microsomes (−60%, P<0.0001). In contrast, dietary WP increased the concentration in microsomes (+21%, P<0.0001), but had no effect on the concentration in VLDL+LDL. Cholesterol feeding decreased (P<0.006) whereas WP feeding increased (P<0.0001) the resistance of VLDL+LDL to copper‐induced oxidation. The production of conjugated dienes after 25 h of oxidation ranged between 650 (WP without cholesterol) and 2,560 (cholesterol without WP) μmol/g VLDL+LDL protein. These findings show that dietary WP were absorbed at sufficient levels to contribute to the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma and membranes. They could also reduce the consumption of α‐tocopherol and endogenous antioxidants. The responses suggest that, in humans, these substances may be beneficial by reducing the deleterious effects of a dietary overload of cholesterol.