bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Overview on Inefficient Events and Key Technologies of Multi-Branched Well Drilling and Completion: Cases in the Middle East
Authors: Zeng D. , Wang Z. , Tian Z. , Fan K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Multi-lateral wells are widely utilized by exhibiting enhanced productivity and reduced drilling costs in comparison to traditional vertical well technology, due to the shared upper casing section and production process equipment. Nevertheless, a systematical evaluation of the key technologies of the multi-lateral wells is currently absent, resulting in frequent inefficiencies occurring during the drilling and completion process and having a negative influence on drilling efficiency.
Based on the statistical data sourced from an oilfield in the Middle East, this paper undertaken a comprehensive assessment of the inefficiencies from three perspectives of geological factor, design factor and drilling optimization. The key technologies for enhancing the efficiency of drilling and completion are identified.
Results indicate that inefficient events related to geological factors are primarily formation losses, while design-related inefficiencies include intricate trajectory for which control is difficult, as well as a long horizontal section with difficulties in cut carrying and a propensity for the formation of rock beds. From a viewpoint of drilling optimization, inefficiencies involve stuck pipes during drilling, particularly in water-sensitive formations, causing issues such as hole shrinkage, key seat sticking, and long operation time. In addition, an ease of swabbing during retrieve Whipstock in 7″ liner results in a heightened risk of well control, and shear pin may snap if the driller slacks off extra weight during run in hole (RIH), leading to the Whipstock to plummet into the hole.
In order to address the three types of factors, the strategy of abandoning total loss hole and using high-performance drilling fluids is adopted to save costs and time. Collision avoidance is considered to prevent unintended intersection or interference and distance among window to window is optimized around 200 ft. In addition, the multi-window one-time scraping method is used to enhance operational efficiency by minimizing the number of trips. During the drilling process in the 6-1/8″ wellbore, employing the fast drilling method reduces the time required by half compared to traditional controlled-speed drilling.
This research provides both practical and theoretical guidance for contributing to multi-lateral well construction efficiency, modulating non productive time (NPT) and ensuring safety during operation.
Beyond Surface Imaging: Acoustic Deep Shear Wave Imaging Bridges the Gap for Accurate Fracture Detection and Mapping
Authors: Hermawan Manuaba Ida Bagus Gede , Ghanim Rayan A , Haji Abdullah , Abouzaid Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Accurate fracture detection and mapping is essential for optimizing hydrocarbon production and avoiding early water breakthrough through fractures. However, conventional surface seismic methods and borehole shallow resistivity imaging have limitations in detecting deep fractures, which can lead to inaccurate reservoir characterization. This paper presents the application of Acoustic Deep Shear Wave Imaging (DSWI) for bridging the gap between the surface seismic and borehole shallow resistivity imaging data for accurate fracture detection and mapping, to avoid early water breakthrough through these fractures.
DSWI is a new imaging technology that uses shear waves to image the subsurface. Shear waves are sensitive to fractures and can provide detailed information on their orientation, size, and distribution. By combining the DSWI data with the surface seismic and borehole shallow resistivity imaging data, a more accurate image of the subsurface can be obtained, allowing for more accurate fracture detection and mapping. The accurate detection and mapping of fractures can help avoid early water breakthrough through the fractures. By identifying the high permeability pathways, these fractures can be avoided and isolated, allowing for more effective reservoir management and optimization of hydrocarbon production. The application of DSWI has several advantages over traditional imaging methods. DSWI can provide a more accurate image of the subsurface, allowing for more accurate fracture detection and mapping. In addition, DSWI can image deeper fractures that are not visible with conventional imaging methods.
In conclusion, the application of DSWI is a powerful tool for accurate fracture detection and mapping in the subsurface. By bridging the gap between the surface seismic and borehole shallow resistivity imaging data, a more accurate image of the subsurface can be obtained, allowing for more effective reservoir management and optimization of hydrocarbon production. The accurate detection and mapping of fractures can help avoid early water breakthrough through the fractures, and improve the overall productivity of the reservoir.
Re-Use and Utilize Kuwait National Petroleum Company KNPC Treated Effluent Waste Water in Kuwait Oil Company KOC for Industrial Applications Successful Case Study
Authors: Al-Maheimid Imad , Al-Mass Saja 
Published: February 2024

Extended Abstract
Low salinity water and brackish groundwater is valuable and very precious source of water especially in arid land such as of Kuwait.
Considering that the Kuwait Oil Company KOC future low salinity water demand will increase significantly due to the expansion on the company activities, low salinity water are utilized for industrial applications, such as firefighting systems, desalter wash water and other industrial applications, taking in account that Abdaliyha brackish water (producing low salinity water from Dammam formation) is the main productive field of low salinity water that KOC relied on since 1945 to supply South & East Kuwait asset, West Kuwait asset as well as Ahmadi residence area for industrial and other non-potable applications, this precious source of low salinity water must be utilized and consumed carefully to avoid any deterioration may occur on the water specifications or / and on the aquifer water level.
In view of the above, low salinity water management has become of the great attention in the company to secure this sources of water future applications and demands, hence, KOC been prepared to handle and overcome this issue in economical, efficient and scientific acceptable manners.
Low salinity water and brackish groundwater is valuable and very precious source of water especially in arid land such as of Kuwait.
Considering that the Kuwait Oil Company KOC future low salinity water demand will increase significantly due to the expansion on the company activities, low salinity water are utilized for industrial applications, such as firefighting systems, desalter wash water and other industrial applications, taking in account that Abdaliyha brackish water (producing low salinity water from Dammam formation) is the main productive field of low salinity water that KOC relied on since 1945 to supply South & East Kuwait asset, West Kuwait asset as well as Ahmadi residence area for industrial and other non-potable applications, this precious source of low salinity water must be utilized and consumed carefully to avoid any deterioration may occur on the water specifications or / and on the aquifer water level.
In view of the above, low salinity water management has become of the great attention in the company to secure this sources of water future applications and demands, hence, KOC been prepared to handle and overcome this issue in economical, efficient and scientific acceptable manners.
Utilizing Lessons Learned from Overcoming Challenges to Achieve Continuous Improvement in Rig less Plug and Abandonment in Southern Region of Pakistan: Case Studies
Authors: Ahmad Syed Hamza , Ahmed Syed Sharjeel , Anwar Rameez , Yousaf Arif , Elmoneim Hossam A. , Khokhar Saad Yousuf 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Due to the escalating number of ageing and depleted wells, the decommissioning of oil and gas wells has emerged as a critical aspect of the oil and gas industry. Nonetheless, decommissioning operations are known to be both time-consuming and expensive, requiring extensive workover operations that involve transporting heavy equipment, posing safety risks and environmental concerns. However, with the recent increase in the frequency of Plug and Abandonment (P&A), rig-less executions have become increasingly popular. They offer a cost-effective and time-efficient approach to decommissioning wells. However, it comes with unique challenges that vary from well to well and require sophisticated planning and utilization of specialized tools and procedures to ensure proper decommissioning of wells meets all regulatory requirements. The objective of this study is to analyze the challenges encountered during the execution of rig-less P&A and implement the lessons learnt to improve the overall efficiency of the operation.
The paper encompasses the detailed study of unique challenges encountered during the P&A of more than 50 wells, both vertical and deviated wells and with different types of completion. The challenges encountered during execution include the inability to properly kill the well having tight formation (typically sandstone) with a very narrow pore /loss gradient resulting in a simultaneous loss and gain situation. This requires specialized formulation of loss circulation material that is pumpable through restricted IDs of coiled tubing while creating an ultra-low invasion layer across the perforations to withstand the differential pressure of kill fluid.
There are certain challenges associated with establishing tubing-casing communication in deviated well, immensely scaled tubing restricting any intervention, old wells completed with mud as completion fluid and heavy-grade tubing. This paper provides insight for the selection tools and procedures considering well conditions to establish effective tubing-casing communication for cement plug placement. Moreover, this technical paper focusses on various remediation techniques and specialized chemical solutions that are at hand to address issues pertaining to sustained casing pressure (SCP) in a rig-less manner.
This technical paper presents an incisive analysis of the unique challenges and optimal strategies of rig-less P&A operations that can be adopted in multi-array wells. The insights and recommendations outlined in this paper can be extrapolated to other comparable operations, yielding a significant contribution to make P&A cost-effective and time efficient.
An Effective Metal Organic Framework (MOF) for Selective Barium Removal from Oil Field Waters
Authors: Hou J. , AlGhunaimi F. , Huang T. P. , Aljuryyed N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Highly efficient capture of barium from oil field produced water is a meaningful task in water treatment, such as for water disposal, irrigation or barium recycling. Here, we propose a barium trap with metal-organic framework (MOF) modified by strong barium combining group (sulfate and sulfonic acid group). This MOF material can remove &gt; 90% barium selectively in high salinity produced water, regardless of the ion interferences.
The Zr-BDC-NH2-SO4 material was prepared by 2-aminoterephthalic acid and Zr(SO4)2·4H2O assembly at 98 ºC under stirring for 16h. After washing with water and ethanol, the material was dried at 60 ºC overnight, and then characterized by XRD and SEM. In the adsorption experiment at room temperature, 0.2 g Zr-BDC-NH2-SO4 MOF material was immersed in series of concentrations of barium in deionized water or high salinity water (TDS &gt; 60,000 ppm) for 2 hour’s incubation. The barium concentration was from 20 to 5,000 ppm. Barium concentration after Zr-BDC-NH2-SO4 removed was measured by ICP-MS.
In the theoretical structure of the MOF material, the sulfate anions located around the Zr6-cluster in Zr-BDC-NH2-SO4, and the sulfate anions are coordinated to the Zr6 inorganic node by a monodentate O atom. The sulfate anions in Zr-BDC-NH2-SO4 is fully exposed, indicating that Zr-BDC-NH2-SO4 will be easier to bind with Ba2+ ions. The adsorption results in deionized water shown that the adsorption amount of barium increase with initial barium concentration. At 5,000 ppm, the amount can be as large as 200 mg/g. And the adsorption curve was linear and did not reach the highest value yet. More importantly, the adsorption amount in produced water is almost the same comparing to deionized water, indicating that the adsorption of barium is not affected by salts in produced water because of the high selectivity of the sulfate functioned material.
This work provides a remarkable, sulfate group functionalized MOF with very high barium uptake capacity which surpasses most of reported adsorbents. It can selectively capture barium from high salinity oil field waters.
Driving Operational Excellence: Cost Savings and Performance Optimization Through Tripping and Connection Time Optimization
Authors: Gamal Hany , Albahri Said , Essa Hassan , Srivastava Mayank , Alghamdi Noor , Shaikh Wahid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Achieving operational excellence in the drilling industry is crucial for cost savings and improved efficiency. This abstract highlights the significance of tripping and connection time optimization through a real-time data analytics approach and proactive strategy to drive operational excellence, resulting in substantial cost savings and increased efficiency.
Tripping and connection time, which involve the processes of pulling out and running in the hole with drill strings during drilling operations, contribute significantly to the overall drilling time and operational costs. By optimizing these critical activities, drilling teams can achieve remarkable improvements in operational efficiency and financial performance. The current study explores various strategies and technologies employed to minimize tripping and connection time, such as real-time visualization dashboards, advanced data analytics, and intelligent drilling control systems. These approaches aim to detect the invisible lost time (ILT) toward streamlining and expediting the tripping and connection processes while ensuring safety and reliability.
The benefits of tripping and connection time optimization are crucial. Firstly, it leads to substantial cost savings by reducing non-productive time and optimizing drilling sequences. Secondly, it enhances operational efficiency by increasing the overall drilling rate, improving rig utilization, and enabling faster drilling cycle times. Case studies and industry examples through the research demonstrated a cost saving of 14 k$ from only one well through optimizing the tripping and connection time, demonstrating successful implementation of tripping and connection time proactive optimization strategies. Real-time data analytics plays a proactive role in detecting inefficient tripping and connection performance by providing timely insights and alerts. This capability enables prompt corrective actions to be taken, ensuring optimal tripping and connection operations. These real-world scenarios showcase the significant cost savings achieved and the positive impact on operational performance. Based on the results and observations, it can be concluded that tripping and connection time optimization is a vital strategy for achieving operational excellence, cost savings, and improved efficiency in drilling operations.
By leveraging real-time data analytics, automation, and advanced technologies, drilling companies can drive performance improvements, enhance financial outcomes, and maintain a competitive edge in the industry. Future research and industry efforts should focus on further refining and expanding these strategies to maximize the benefits and drive continuous improvement in the pursuit of operational excellence.
Integrated Solution for Development Carbonate Reservoir: Challenges and Mitigation in a Workover Operation
Authors: Alghareeb Abdulaziz Ahmad , Al-Raqwah Abdullah , Santoso Gagok , AlDossary Mubarak , Alghamdi Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The work discusses a unique challenge in designing a horizontal well in the matured field that always comes with a multiple contingencies plan, from drilling, geology, reservoir management, and completion. Therefore, the topic presented in this paper is based on a holistic approach to tackle all potential uncertainties related to drilling operations toward production management. Limited data for wells previously drilled in the same area is gathered with associated uncertainties, and trajectory deepened in some wells to appraise and collect additional data. The well was completed lately to evaluate the reservoir potential, performance sustainability, reservoir drive, production around the area, etc. The workflow is set with some potential mitigation in place that includes using the latest rotary steerable system BHA during drilling of both- inclined sections including landing and horizontal trajectory into one section. The well was completed using complex LWD triple combo and sonic measurements aiming to overcome the uncertainty in formation evaluation. The process used proactive geosteering technology to enhance geosteering in the lateral section.
The well was drilled in 3 runs, starting with the kickoff/ whipstock assembly, continuing with the curve section with high dogleg severity (10.4 deg dogleg), then completing with the horizontal section. The geosteering strategy has been applied successfully by implementing the landing strategy with model compare update technique and correlation. The well successfully landed 5ft TVD below the top reservoir. The reservoir was expected to be 1-2 deg dipping down; however, the reality was down to 5-6 deg dipping. The well was geosteered proactively to avoid the risk of exiting the top of the reservoir and completed with good net to gross in the reservoir. The sonic measurement was used to evaluate the formation strength for geomechanical study and contingency fracturing plan if the reservoir porosity was tighter than expected.
This project implemented new technology and a novel approach to mitigate project uncertainty. The case studies are reviewed in which the application of innovative LWD services has played a fundamental role in providing new insight into the reservoir character and led to successful well placement.
Historical Strategy Roadmap to Reduce the Operation Time for Drilling 8-1/2 Inch Production Hole Section in an Unconventional Drilling Operation
Authors: Yin G. , Ramos D. A. , Sinesi J. P. , Jan M. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHistorically, it was time consuming to drill an unconventional horizontal well with 7,000 ft horizontal length. The most time-consuming part of drilling operation was the production hole section. The drilling team made series of significant efforts to continuously perform various trials to seek the performance improvement. By revising the casing design, optimizing the bottom hole assembly (BHA) and bit, improving the drilling practices and enhancing the drilling parameters, a similar well can be delivered with more than 50 percent time reduction. This paper presents the team strategy roadmap for achieving this improvement.At first, the rotary BHA was used to clean-out 9-5/8" casing and drill the vertical section to kick off point (KOP), then it was pulled out of hole (POOH) and changed to the motor BHA for drilling the buildup section, and finally switched to rotary steerable system (RSS) to drill the horizontal section until total depth (TD). Later on, with the horizontal length of the well extended, the motor was replaced with RSS, and both the buildup and horizontal sections were drilled with RSS in one run. Afterwards, the performance motor replaced the rotary BHA and was used to drill the vertical section, resulting in significant rate of penetration (ROP) improvement. Last step, the entire production hole section was drilled with one single run utilizing a new RSS BHA. The tripping time was minimized, the operation troubles were reduced and the well delivery became tremendously efficient.Among all the trials, it was found that drilling the entire production hole section in one single run without any extra dedicated clean-out run for 9-5/8" casing is the most efficient way to deliver the well. After drilling and delivering more than one hundred wells using this practice, it was found that this strategy can most efficiently help the team deliver the wells in a faster, safer and more cost-effective manner due to the elimination of the trips to switch BHA and performance enhancement during the drilling process. This one single run option was well established because of the utilization of more reliable directional drilling tool, the better cutting technology of the PDC bit, the best practice and other advanced technologies applied to the operation.Drilling the production hole section with one BHA in one single run is a unique example of innovation. This does not only apply to the well with a short to medium (5,000-7,000 ft) horizontal length, but also for those with excessively long horizontal length such as 10,000 ft or even longer. The road map history as stated in this paper will help those who are still seeking the strategy find the better option that fits for their own purpose.
Advanced Technology Upgrades in Downhole Torsional Dysfunctions Mitigation to Improve Rotary Steerable System (RSS) Reliability
Authors: Quiroz J. , Yambao N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High frequency torsional oscillations (HFTO) are detrimental to Rotary Steerable Systems (RSS) which are extremely costly to be fixed. This paper will describe some innovative upgrades in downhole torsional mitigation tools and will evaluate their performance in a field case study. The paper will showcase the development of a downhole technology aiming to alleviate the torsional vibrations and increase downhole drilling equipment reliability.
The overall approach of the project consisted of first, identifying the magnitude and frequency of the torsional dysfunctions in three wells utilizing high-frequency downhole sensors in the bottom hole assembly (BHA) which is placed below the mud motor. Secondly, after identifying the main causes of the downhole failures in the RSS and measurement while drilling (MWD) tools, a solution was created to address these dysfunctions. Lastly, two different downhole torsional technologies were designed for field trials and performance evaluation to confirm the anticipated performance of the upgraded tools.
Before performing the three wells study to identify the main types of vibrations, the operator believed that stick-slip was the only dysfunction causing the downhole tools failures, but the findings from the downhole sensors’ study showed high levels of HFTO as well. Based on the identified source of vibrations, the study came up with two technology modifications (Technology A and B), both aimed to mitigate stick-slip and HFTO and they were deployed for field trials after the design and manufacturing stages. Both technology upgrades tackle torsional dysfunctions but have different working mechanisms; technology A introduces mud lubrication to specific elements in the tool while technology B has internal upgrades for extra vibration dampening. Both downhole torsional technologies were trialed each in four wells drilling in the same formations to compare the effects of deploying both technologies in mitigating stick-slip and HFTO. Downhole torsional technology B showed significant improvements in decreasing stick-slip and HFTO, reaching as high 50% when compared with downhole torsional technology A which showed improvement not exceeding 15%.
This paper introduced, for the first time, an innovative technology that can introduce remarkable improvement in the performance of Rotary Steerable System (RSS) as shown in the case study. The paper discusses two technology upgrades to the RSS and compares them in terms of field deployment and efficiency.