bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aromatic Nitration under Neutral Conditions Using Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone as the Nitrating Agent. Application to Aromatic Acetals and Acylal
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Yonezawa Shuji , Mori Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclic acetals derived from aromatic carbonyl compounds can be nitrated smoothly with nitrogen dioxide in ice-cooled dichloromethane or acetonitrile in the presence of ozone and magnesium oxide to give ortho- and para-nitro derivatives as the major product in good combined yields, the acetal ring as a protective group remaining almost intact. An acylal derived from benzaldehyde similarly undergoes nitration on the aromatic ring to give an isomeric mixture of three nitro compounds, in which the ortho and meta isomers predominate, while aromatic orthoesters are rapidly decomposed to give simply the parent esters. Ring nitration under neutral conditions has been interpreted in terms of a nonclassical mechanism, in which nitrogen trioxide is involved as the initial electrophile.
Role of Bipyridinium Salts in Generation of Photocurrent by Rhodospirillum rubrum Cells
Authors: Erabi Tatsuo , Matsumoto Kiyoharu , Okamoto Tsutomu , Moriuchi Megumi , Ikeda Tsuyoshi , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Hayase Shuichi , Wada Masanori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An anodic photocurrent was generated when an SnO2 electrode, which was immersed in a culture medium of a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, or in a buffer suspending the cell body, was illuminated under potentiostatic conditions. The anodic photocurrent was enhanced about four times with addition of methyl viologen (MV) to the cell suspension, but was suppressed with addition of 1,1′-ethylene-2,2′-bipyridinium dibromide (EBP). On the other hand, it was observed spectrophotometrically that EBP was reduced by Rs. rubrum cells about ten times faster than MV. The disagreement in both data of photocurrent and of reduction rate suggests this to be due to the difference of penetrability of the salts through the cell wall and membrane. This suggestion was confirmed from cyclic voltammetric results of the reagents dissolved in the cell suspension.
Picosecond Laser Photolysis Studies on Chain-Length, Solvent and Temperature Dependences of the Intramolecular Photoreduction Process of Benzophenone by Diphenylamine
Authors: Miyasaka Hiroshi , Kiri Manabu , Morita Kazuhiro , Mataga Noboru , Tanimoto Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photoinduced hydrogen abstraction (HA) processes of 1-(4-anilinophenyl)-2-(4-benzophenoxy)ethane, 1-(4-anilinophenyl)-3-4-benzophenoxy)propane, and 1-(4-anilinophenyl)-8-(4-benzophenoxy)octane (BP–O–(CH2)n–O–DPA: n = 2, 3, and 8) in benzene, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide solutions were investigated by means of picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In benzene solution, apparent mechanism of the hydrogen abstraction reaction was “direct” process and no absorption spectrum of the charge separated state was observed. The decay of triplet benzophenone moiety (3BP*) was regulated by the dynamic rearrangement process of the mutual geometry between 3BP* and DPA to a more compact one.
In polar solutions, the electron transfer (ET) from DPA to 3BP* moiety took place in addition to the direct HA from DPA by 3BP*. The rate of the ET reaction was regulated mainly by the distance between the reactant moieties. Moreover, the intra-ion pair (IP) proton transfer (PT) resulting in the HA product formation was observed, although such PT process in the IP state between the unlinked 3BP* and the secondary amine was not observed. By integrating the present results on the linked systems with those of the unlinked systems, the role of the ET or CT interaction in the HA process of 3BP* from the secondary amine was discussed.
Effect of “Local Viscosity” on Translational Friction and Viscosity B Coefficients for a Spherical Molecule in Solution
Authors: Ibuki Kazuyasu , Ueno Masakatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The translational friction and the viscosity B coefficients for a spherical molecule in solution are calculated from the Navier–Stokes equation for a continuum with space-dependent viscosity. We test three functions for the space dependence of the viscosity as models for the “local viscosity”. Each function is a smooth function of distance from the solute center and approaches the viscosity in the bulk at an infinite distance. For all the three functions studied, the translational friction and the viscosity B coefficients decrease with decreasing viscosity in the vicinity of the solute, and the effect of the space-dependent viscosity is larger for the B coefficient than for the translational friction coefficient. These results can explain the observed shortcomings of the ordinary continuum model with space-independent viscosity. This confirms the validity of the use of the viscosity B coefficient as a measure of the structure-breaking effect which is closely related to the idea of the “local viscosity”.
Novel 8-Coordinate cis-MoO2(VI) Complexes with Some 4-Aminoantipyrine Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Rao Neti Sumita , Mishra Deen D , Maurya Ram C , Rao Neti Nageswara 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of some 8-coordinate cis-dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-acetyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, 3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-propionyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, and 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one are reported. Spectroscopic and other analytical data reveal that these Schiff bases behave as monobasic tridentate ligands and react with [MoO2(acac)2] in 2 : 1 ratio to give diamagnetic molybdenum(VI) mononuclear complexes having the general formula cis-MoO2(L)2 (L = Schiff base). These complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, molar conductance, IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, and cyclic voltammetry.
Intercalation of Quaternary Ammonium Ions into γ-Titanium Phosphate
Authors: Danjo Mayumi , Baba Yoshinobu , Tsuhako Mitsutomo , Yamaguchi Shunro , Hayama Masaki , Nariai Hiroyuki , Motooka Itaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intercalation of alkyltrimethylammonium ions into γ-titanium phosphate, Ti(HPO4)2·2H2O (γ-TiP), was investigated to clarify the mechanism of intercalation of quaternary ammonium ions into the layered phosphate. Alkyltrimethylammonium ions with short alkyl chains (the number of carbon atoms, n = 6 to 10) were scarcely intercalated into γ-TiP, while those with long alkyl chains (n = 12 to 18) were easily intercalated and formed a monolayer in the interlayer region, in which the alkyl chains inclined at 57.4° to the γ-TiP layers. The increase of the number of carbon atoms in alkyl chains and the volume of the solvent in the reaction solution led to the increase of the uptakes of quaternary ammonium ions. Based on these results, some bactericides with quaternary ammonium ion structure were then intercalated into γ-TiP, and the products obtained were stable to heat.
Formation Equilibrium of a Copper(II)-Binuclear Complex of a New Pyridyl-Containing Tetraoxo Octaaza Macrocyclic Ligand and Its Polarographic Reduction Behavior
Authors: Kodama Mutsuo , Koike Tohru , Kimura Eiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We have studied the complexation reaction of a newly synthesized 26-membered octaaza macrocycle, 3,6,9,17,20,23,29,30-octaazatricyclo[23.3.1.1.11,15]triaconta-1(29),11,13,15(30),25,27-hexaene-2,10,16,24-tetraone (TOBP, L), with a Cu(II) ion by pH-metric titration. It accomodates two copper(II) ions in its macrocyclic cavity with a simultaneous dissociation of the four amide protons to yield a binuclear complex designated as [Cu2H−4L]°. The formation constant of [Cu2H−4L]°, KCu2H−4L ( = [Cu2H−4L°][H+]4/[Cu2+]2[L]), was found to be (3.5 ± 0.2) × 10−12 mol2 dm−6. At the dropping mercury electrode the Cu(II) binuclear complex gave two reduction steps of equal height in a borate buffer solution, corresponding to the following reduction scheme:
Versatile Simultaneous Multielement Measurement System with Combination of ICP-MS and ICP-AES through Optical Fiber
Authors: Sawatari Hideyuki , Fujimori Eiji , Itoh Akihide , Aikawa Masahide , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A hyphenated system of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with aid of optical fiber was developed for versatile simultaneous multielement measurement of the elements from the major to ultratrace levels. In the present system, the emission signals from the argon ICP equipped for ICP-MS were led through optical fiber to a sequential-type monochromator for ICP-AES measurement. In consequence, the dynamic range of 9 orders of magnitude from a few pg ml−1 up to ca. 1000 μg ml−1 was obtained, which allowed the simultaneous determination of a variety of elements in the wide concentration range by ICP-MS and/or ICP-AES. The present system was applied to simultaneous multielement analysis of rock and seawater samples.
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Monitoring of Electrochemical Deposition of Silver Using Quartz Crystal Resonators
Authors: Yamamoto Nobushige , Yamane Tetsuya , Tatsuma Tetsu , Oyama Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrochemical deposition of silver from a 1 mM AgNO3 aqueous acidic solution at 20 μA cm−2 was monitored by means of in-situ quartz crystal impedance (QCI) technique, in-situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, ex-situ QCI technique and atomic absorption spectroscopy. However, the mass evaluated from the data obtained in the in-situ QCI and QCM measurements on the basis of Sauerbrey equation deviated from intrinsic mass of the deposited silver because of a low deposition efficiency, liquid viscously or rigidly coupled with the resonator and/or stress generated in the deposited layer. Thus one must pay attention to these factors when one calibrates a quartz crystal microbalance on the basis of electrochemical deposition of a metal. In-situ QCI method utilizing a network analyzer is shown to be a powerful technique for simultaneous and qualitative monitoring of mass and surface structure changes. For the quantitative mass measurements, the mass sensitivity must be calibrated using another direct method such as atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Nitroxide Diruthenium(II,III) Complex, [Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(tempo)2][Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(H2O)2](BF4)2 (tempo = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)
Authors: Handa Makoto , Sayama Yasuyoshi , Mikuriya Masahiro , Nukada Ryoji , Hiromitsu Ichiro , Kasuga Kuninobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A nitroxide complex, [Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(tempo)2][Ru2(O2CCMe3)4(H2O)2](BF4)2 (tempo = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) has been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray crystal structure analysis, and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility and ESR spectrum measurements. A fairly large antiferromagnetic interaction (J = −130 cm−1) between the diruthenium core and the nitroxide radical has been observed.
Silver(I)-Catalyzed Aminocyclization of 2,3-Butadienyl and 3,4-Pentadienyl Carbamates: An Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of 4-Vinyl-2-oxazolidinones and 4-Vinyltetrahydro-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-ones
Authors: Kimura Masanari , Tanaka Shuji , Tamaru Yoshinao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Silver(I) salts in combination with an appropriate base (mostly triethylamine) catalyzed the aminocyclization of N-substituted 2,3-butadienyl carbamates 1 (benzene, 50 °C) to provide 4-vinyl-2-oxazolidinones 2 in good yields. The stereoselectivity (trans-2/cis-2) ranged from 1.4 for C5-Me to &gt;30 for C5-phenyl, isopropenyl, and t-butyl derivatives. 3,4-Pentadienyl tosylcarbamates 3, the one-carbon higher homologues of 1, underwent a similar cyclization to give 4-vinyltetrahydro-2H-1,3-oxazin-2-one 4 in synthetically useful yields and in higher trans selectivities than 1.
Generation of Aryl Radicals by the Oxidation of α-(Arylazo)triphenylmethanes by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate
Authors: Arai Noriyoshi , Narasaka Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The one-electron oxidation of α-(arylazo)triphenylmethanes by cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) generated aryl radicals along with the triphenylmethyl cation. When the reaction was carried out in the presence of appropriate radical-trapping agents, such as arenes and olefins, the corresponding addition products were obtained in moderate yield. The oxidation of the arylazo compounds with CAN was accelerated by the addition of acids.
Treatment of Non-Endemic Hepatolithiasis in a Western Country. The Role of Hepatic Resection
Authors: Catena Marco , Aldrighetti Luca , Finazzi Renato , Arzu Giandomenico , Arru Marcella , Pulitanò Carlo , Ferla Gianfranco 
Published: July 2006

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the safety and the efficacy of hepatic resective surgery in the treatment of single lobe hepatolithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis and comparison between hepatic resections in patients with hepatolithiasis (hepatolithiasis group [HG]) and liver masses (control group [CG]). Seventeen consecutive Caucasian patients with single lobe hepatolithiasis (HG) and 30 patients with liver masses without chronic liver disease and previous chemotherapy (CG), were operated during the 5-year period 2000–2005, inclusive. Major hepatic resections including 4 right hepatectomies, 10 left hepatectomies, and 3 left lateral sectionectomy in HG, and 12 right hepatectomies, 3 extended right hepatectomy, 5 left hepatectomies, 4 left lateral sectionectomy, 5 bisegmentectomy, and 1 mesohepatectomy in CG. The main outcome measures were: type and length of surgical procedures, intra- and postoperative blood losses and transfusions (packed red blood cells [PRBC] and fresh frozen plasma [FFP]), intra- and postoperative course and complications (within 30 days of the operation), length of hospitalisation, histopathology, and recurrence of hepatolithiasis. RESULTS Mean operation time was 6.21 ± 2.38 h in HG versus 7.10 ± 2.21 h in CG (P = 0.33). Mean intra-operative blood loss in CG was higher than in HG (1010 ± 550 ml versus 560 ± 459 ml; P = 0.035). The other variables considered in the two groups were not statistically different. Intra-operative transfusion were 0.50 ± 0.85 units in HG versus 1.35 ± 2.25 units of PRBC in CG (P = 0.06), and 0.66 ± 1.34 units in HG versus 0.68 ± 1.20 units of FFP in CG (P = 0.44), respectively. No cases of death were registered. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 patients (25.5%) – 5 cases (10.6%) in HG and 7 cases (14.8%) in CG (P = 0.18). Mean postoperative transfusions were 0.47 ± 1.24 units in HG versus 1.10 ± 1.18 units of PRBC in CG (P = 0.35), and 0.65 ± 1.40 units in HG versus 0.46 ± 0.82 units of FFP in CG (P = 0.25), respectively. Difference in median hospitalisation was not statistically significant (14 ± 10 days versus 12 ± 9 days; P = 0.28). Histopathology showed cholangiocarcinoma in 2 cases (11.7%). During the follow-up period (range, 5–127 months; mean, 50.4 ± 41.9 months), 1 patient had lithiasis recurrence and 1 patient died for the co-existing cholangiocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic resection is the treatment of choice in patients with single lobe hepatolithiasis. An early indication for surgery may reduce the mortality/morbidity rates of hepatic resection for hepatolithiasis.
Symptom Reporting and Associations With Compensation Status, Self-Awareness, Causal Attributions, and Emotional Wellbeing Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara , Fleming Jennifer M. , Hardwick Sascha 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIndividuals seeking compensation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often found to report a disproportionately high level of symptoms relative to objective indicators of impairment. Previous studies highlight that level of symptom reporting is also related to self-awareness, causal attribution, and emotional wellbeing. Therefore, the reasons for high symptom reporting in the context of compensation are generally unclear. This study aimed to identify whether self-awareness, causal attribution, and emotional wellbeing are significantly associated with level of symptom reporting after controlling for compensation status. A sample of 54 participants with TBI comprised two groups, namely, claimants (n = 27) and non-claimants (n = 27), who were similar in terms of demographic and neuro-cognitive variables. Participants completed the Symptom Expectancy Checklist, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Awareness Questionnaire and a causal attribution scale. A series of independent t tests and Pearson's correlations identified that a higher level of symptom reporting was associated with the following: seeking compensation, less severe TBI, increased age, greater self-awareness, increased post-injury changes reported by relatives, a higher level of mood symptoms, and a tendency to blame other people. Multivariate analysis identified that after controlling for demographic, injury, and compensation status variables, level of mood symptoms and self-awareness were significantly associated with level of symptom reporting. The findings suggest that mood symptoms and heightened self-awareness are significantly related to high symptom reporting independent of compensation status, thus supporting the need for clinicians to interpret symptom reporting within a biopsychosocial context.
Survey of the Latest Evaluated Nuclear Data
Authors: Holden NE 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The results of a review and evaluation of nuclear data published in the scientific literature are presented. The status of new chemical elements that have been discovered and officially named and the latest data for new elements that have been claimed are examined. Half lives of very long-lived nuclides are presented. Data on the very heavy elements are tabulated. The problems presented by the attempt to estimate errors for the various nuclear data are considered as well as the psychological aspect of error estimation are also discussed.
Nulldynamik linearer und nichtlinearer Systeme: Definitionen, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen (Zero Dynamics of Linear and Nonlinear Systems: Definitions, Properties and Applications)
Authors: Svaricek Ferdinand 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDas von Isidori vor 20 Jahren entwickelte Konzept derNulldynamikeines dynamischen Systems, das als eine Verallgemeinerung der Nullstellen der Übertragungsfunktion eines linearen Systems angesehen werden kann, ist von elementarer Bedeutung für die Analyse und den Entwurf linearer und nichtlinearer Regelkreise. Dieser Beitrag gibt für lineare und nichtlineare Eingrößensysteme sowohl eine Einführung in dieses Konzept als auch einen Überlick über Bedeutung und regelungstechnische Anwendungen.
Binary intermetallic phases formed by Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu and Yb: similarities and differences
Authors: Fornasini Maria L. , Merlo Franco 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The binary intermetallic phases formed by Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu and Yb with Li, Be and group 7 to 15 elements are a family of nearly 570 members, distributed over 50 compositions and 140 structure types. A graphical overview of all phases is given, and they are examined regarding their crystal chemistry, atomic sizes and volume effects in alloying.
Reflections on symmetry and formation of axial quasicrystals
Authors: Steurer Walter 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some ideas are presented on the geometrical factors governing structure and formation of axial quasicrystals with 5- and 7-fold symmetry, respectively. First, the importance of thin atomic layers is discussed for the growth of decagonal quasicrystals. They are the only long-range ordered structural units carrying information on the local non-crystallographic symmetry of the constituent clusters. Second, the consequences of local polysynthetic twinning for the formation of pentagonal and heptagonal quasicrystals are demonstrated. Third, the special relationship of the β-phase, (Co,Ni)1–xAl1+x, to the decagonal phase and its periodic average structure is discussed as well as its role as template for the formation and growth of decagonal Al—Co—Ni.
Re3B type intermetallics — crystal chemistry, bonding and properties
Authors: Pöttgen Rainer , Lukachuk Mar'yana , Hoffmann Rolf-Dieter 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal chemistry of binary and ternary intermetallic compounds with orthorhombic Re3B or MgCuAl2 type structure is reviewed. Besides the preparation techniques and crystal chemistry we focus on the structure–property relations and chemical bonding peculiarities. So far about 100 compounds with this structural arrangement have been reported. The large family of intermetallics comprises borides, aluminides, gallides, indides, thallides, and stannides, but also some magnesium and cadmium compounds.
On the formation and crystal structure of the Pd6B phase
Authors: Berger Tilman Georg , Leineweber Andreas , Mittemeijer Eric J. , Sarbu Corneliu , Duppel Viola , Fischer Peter 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of the Pd6B phase has been elucidated employing selected-area electron diffraction and X-ray and neutron powder diffraction methods. It is based on a cubic close packed arrangement of Pd with B occupying 1/6 of the interstitial octahedral sites in an ordered way, such that a monoclinic (C2/c) superstructure results. The crystal structure contains isolated [BPd6] octahedral entities providing large distances between nearest neighbour boron atoms. Depending on the way of preparation, the same Pd6B phase can occur for the same composition in two different ‘manifestations’ having considerably different lattice parameters, which has a microstructural origin. Various phase equilibria between the ordered Pd6B phase and the disordered interstitial solid solution of boron in cubic close packed palladium have been investigated to clarify the corresponding regions in the phase diagram Pd—B.
Cubic structure types of rare-earth intermetallics and related compounds
Authors: Bodak Oksana , Demchenko Pavlo , Seropegin Yurii , Fedorchuk Anatolii O. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cubic structure types of rare-earth intermetallic and related compounds are reviewed and their structural similarities are discussed. The description of the structural relations is based on the ordered substitution or inclusion of atoms or atomic groups starting from the structures of four “aristotypes”: diamond, Cu, CsCl and W. Structural similarities between some types are illustrated by family trees of crystallographic group-subgroup relations.
Influence of vocal effort on average and variability of fundamental frequency
Authors: Jessen Michael , Koster Olaf , Gfroerer Stefan 
Published: July 2006

Read and spontaneous speech was produced by 100 male adult speakers of German in a neutral setting and in a Lombard setting, where 80 dB noise was presented over headphones. Average f0 (‘f0mean’) and relative standard deviation of f0 (‘f0varco’) were determined for each speaker in each of the four conditions spontaneous neutral, spontaneous loud, read neutral and read loud. The results confirm that when increasing vocal effort from neutral to loud speech, f0mean increases as well. None of the 100 speakers posed an exception to this effect, but the size of the effect differed between speakers, even after differences in amplitude level were accounted for. F0varco was significantly higher in loud than normal speech for the reading task, whereas in spontaneous speech no significant difference occurred. These results are compared with the literature and discussed with respect to explanations and forensicphonetic implications.