bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early erosion of dental cements
Authors: ÖILO GUDBRAND 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The disintegration in water of various unset glass ionomer cements, a polycarboxylate and a zinc phosphate cement was measured gravimetrically after exposure of the cements to a constant water jet. The test gave reproducible results with significant variations between the various types and brands of cements. For zinc phosphate and polycarboxylate cements, no weight loss was observed in the period from 4 to 8 min after commencement of mixing. All the glass ionomer cements showed a significant loss of weight at 4 min and a somewhat reduced weight loss at 6 min after start of mixing. Two cements, a filling and a luting material, showed reduced weight when exposed to a water jet even 8 min after start of mixing. The early erosion as recorded in the present study conforms with the setting of the glass ionomer cements.
Ultrastructure of odontogenic jaw cysts
Authors: MEURMAN JUKKA H. , YLIPAAVALNIEMI PEKKA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The epithelial ultrastructure of six radicular cysts, four follicular cysts, and five keratocysts was studied with special attention to the epithelium‐connective tissue junction, Inflammation was found to cause widened interepithelial cell spaces which often harbored inflammatory cells in the radicular and follicular cysts. The characteristic structures at the epithelium‐connectivc tissue junction (plasma membrane, lamina lucida and basal lamina) were not affected by inflammation. Fibrous structures were seen to connect the basal lamina to the underlining collagenous connective tissue The keratocyst specimens, however, showed juxtaepithelial collagenolysis that was not associated with the degree of inflammation. Desmosomes were rare in the inflamed keratocysts' spinous layer but the cell‐to‐cell interactions still appeared close. Inflammatory cells were not detected within epithelium of the keratocyst specimens.
Relationships between carbonate, sex and other macroelements in human whole enamel
Authors: KNUUTTILA M. , LAPPALAINEN R. , ALAKUIJALA P. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Enamel samples were prepared from 40 teeth and CO3, P, F, Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations were determined. The carbonate concentration was higher in women than in men (P = 0.018), otherwise no sex dependence was found. Positive correlations were found between CO3 and Mg (P= 0.001). These relations should be taken into consideration when the solubility of enamel is studied.
Ups and downs for salivary IgA
Authors: BRATTHALL DOUGLAS , WIDERSTRÖM LENA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –IgA levels in saliva differed 15‐fold between different individuals. The correlation between IgA in repeated stimulated saliva samples was good in both a short and a 2‐yr period. The correlation between resting and stimulated samples was low, in particular when output of IgA over time was considered. Physical exercise affected salivary protein concentrations and also percentage of IgA to protein. The elevated IgA levels in saliva at pregnancy were not accompanied by a similar change of IgA activity against specific bacteria.
Accuracy at radiography and probing for the diagnosis of proximal caries
Authors: MEJÀRE INGEGERD , GRÖNDAHL HANS‐GÖRAN , CARLSTEDT KERSTIN , GREVER ANN‐CHRISTIN , OTTOSSON EVA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –In 63 teenagers the proximal surfaces of premolars to be extracted for orthodontic reasons and the adjacent surfaces of neighboring teeth, 598 surfaces in all, were examined radiographically and by probing. Direct inspection after extraction revealed that 51% of the surfaces had incipient carious lesions and 5% lesions with cavities. Of the surfaces with cavities 82.1% were correctly diagnosed radiographically if any radiolucency, regardless of its extent, was used as a diagnostic criterion. However, this yielded a false positive rate of 19.6%. If only radioluccncies extending at least into the inner third of the enamel were called positive the true positive rate was 36.7% and the associated false positive rate 1.6%. At a 5% cavity frequency the predictive positive values were 17% and 53%, respectively. Probing yielded a true positive rate of about 29% and a false positive rate of 1.1% with a predictive positive value of 50‐57%. All radiolucencies extending into the dentin were associated with cavities. When the most liberal radiographic criterion was used 37.5% of all carious lesions, whether associated with a cavity or not, were detected and 3.8% of sound surfaces were falsely called carious. The corresponding predictive positive value at the actual rate of incipient lesions and lesions with cavities was 92.6%.
Cavity preparation for restorative resins used with dentin adhesives
Authors: HANSEN ERIK KEITH , ASMUSSEN ERIK 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The marginal adaptation of Silux used with and without previous application of different dentin adhesives was analyzed for correlation between maximum marginal contraction gap (MG) and different combinations of one or more of the following variables: area of cavity walls (A), the total area of cavity bottom and cavity walls (B), cavity depth (h), area of cavity surface (S) and cavity volume (V), The best fit to linear regression was found with MG = a + b V/A with the mean of the correlation coefficients being 0.907. The statistical analysis showed that in order to maintain the V/A ratio at a minimum, root caries lesions should not be prepared after excavation if the retention of the restorative resin can be ensured with an effective dentin adhesive. The greatest influence on the V/A ratio was found to be exerted by the radius of the cavity bottom; variation of the radius of the surface of the cavity also influenced the V/A ratio, but to a minor degree.
Subpopulations of lymphocytes in connective tissue from phenytoin‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: DAHLLÖF GÖRAN , MODÉER THOMAS , OTTESKOG PER , SUNDQVIST KARL‐GÖSTA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The presence of mononuclcar cells was studied in gingival biopsies from seven children exhibiting phenyloin(PHT)‐induced gingival overgrowth, three children with gingivitis and a control group consisting of three children without clinical signs of inflammation. The mononucle‐ar cells were detected using monoclonal antibodies defining functional T‐lymphocytc subpopulations, B‐lymphocytes and monocytes. Gingival biopsies from the individuals in the PHT‐group showed a substantial number of mononuclear cells. The distribution of mononuclear cells in separate individuals were as follows: 69‐95% OKT3 +/Leu4+ cells (T‐lymphocytes), 50‐64% OKT4 +/Leu3 + cells (T‐helper phenotype) and 29‐46% OKT8 + cells (T‐suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype). None of the biopsies in the PHT‐group contained more than a few scattered plasma cells. The vast majority of all mononuclear cells present in the biopsies reacted with OKIal, a monoclonal antibody defining the HLA‐DR framework. In contrast, biopsies from the control group and the gingivitis group contained few mononuclear cells, the majority of which were T‐cells. This suggests that immunologic reactions mediated by T‐cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of the PHT‐induced lesion.
Relationship between myoelectric activity in masticatory muscles and bite force
Authors: HARALDSON TORGNY , CARLSSON GUNNAR E. , DAHLSTRÖM LARS , JANSSON TOMAS 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –Myoelectric activity in the anterior and posterior temporalis and in the masseter muscle was assessed in five subjects biting unilaterally on a bite fork at 50, 100 and 200 N for 60 s. The bite fork was placed between the right first premolars and the first molars. The ipsilateral muscle activity was recorded first, and the contralateral side was evaluated 1 wk later. The relationship between exerted force and EMG‐activity was expressed as ratios between EMG‐activity and related bite force. EMG‐activity increased with increasing force for all muscles tested. Linearity was found for the anterior temporal muscle, but not for the other muscles. Four of the subjects participated in an endurance test, exerting maximum bite force on the right side for as long as possible. The EMG activity of the right masseter muscle was closely related to bite force, in contrast to the other tested muscles. The activity of the left muscles increased at the end of the endurance test.
Study of titanium screws as retrograde fillings using bacteria and dye
Authors: LUOMANEN MARITA , TUOMPO HELENA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –The tightness of retrograde titanium screw fillings and retrograde amalgam fillings was compared in 17 human, single‐rooted teeth using Serratia marcescens bacteria in vitro. The root canals were subjected to instrumentation and irrigation, after which 2 mm was cut off from the apical end. Eight of the teeth were sealed using retrograde titanium screw fillings and nine using retrograde amalgam fillings. The teeth were suspended by means of wires in test tubes, with the crowns upwards and the roots immersed in trypticase soy broth. Suspensions of Serratia marcescens bacteria were placed in the root canals, and samples from the broth were plated daily. The bacteria penetrated the apical titanium screw seals in 2 to 7 days, and the retrograde amalgam fillings readily on the first day. Thus, the titanium screws seemed to provide a tighter seal. Staining with India ink showed that penetration had occurred at the tooth‐filling margin and that the instrumentation had not caused any fractures to the roots.
Isoenzyme changes during rat facial development
Authors: GRANSTRÖM GÖSTA 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –A method is presented by which rat facial processes from different stages were obtained in pure fraction. The morphology, and protein and DNA contents in free dissected facial processes were determined. Facial processes of embryonic rats aged 9‐15 days were analyzed by isoelectric focusing for their isoenzymic distribution of four enzymes: lactate dehydrogcnase, creatine phosphokinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase and phosphoglycerate mutase. A dominance of LDH‐5, LDH‐4 and LDH‐3 isoenzymes was observed. As a comparison, LDH isoenzymes from mandibular and maxillary processes of rat embryos aged 9‐11 days only revealed LDH‐5 and to a smaller extent LDH‐4. The results support the presence of a prominent anaerobic metabolism in these tissues during early facial development. The change to LDH‐3 development correlates well with the formation of new blood vessels. From the ninth embryonic day, isoenzyme BB of creatine phosphokinase was present and during days 10‐15 MB and MM developed. Isoenzyme As4 of fructose diphosphate aldolase was present from the ninth embryonic day and isoenzymes A3C and A2C2 developed during days 10‐15. From the tenth embryonic day, isoenzyme BB of phosphoglycerate mutase was present and during days 10‐15 isoenzyme MB and MM developed. Isoenzyme development was first seen in mandibular processes, followed by maxillary, lateral nasal and medial nasal processes, and it preceded morphologic evidence of skeletal muscle formation.
Antitumor and Antivascular Effects of AVE8062 in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Tae Jin , Ravoori Murali , Landen Charles N. , Kamat Aparna A. , Han Liz Y. , Lu Chunhua , Lin Yvonne G. , Merritt William M. , Jennings Nicholas , Spannuth Whitney A. , Langley Robert , Gershenson David M. , Coleman Robert L. , Kundra Vikas , Sood Anil K. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of action of a vascular-disrupting agent, AVE8062, and to determine its effects on tumor metabolic activity. The in vitro and in vivo effects of AVE8062 alone and in combination with docetaxel were tested in chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer models. Tumors were analyzed for necrosis, microvessel density, endothelial cell apoptosis, and proliferation following treatment. The effect of AVE8062 on tumor regression and metabolic activity was examined by magnetic resonance (MR) or by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) uptake by positron emission tomography (PET) with MR imaging, respectively. AVE8062 monotherapy was effective in inhibiting tumor growth in all models (range 43–51% versus control; P &lt; 0.05). Combination therapy was even more effective in inhibiting tumor growth (range 76–90% compared with controls, P &lt; 0.01). AVE8062 in combination with chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival in HeyA8-injected mice (P &lt; 0.001) compared with other groups. AVE8062-based therapy resulted in rapid development of central tumor necrosis, decreased microvessel density, decreased proliferation, and induction of apoptosis of tumor-associated endothelial cells. MR imaging showed regression of established HeyA8 ovarian tumors and [18F]FDG PET with MR showed rapid decrease in metabolic activity after AVE8062 therapy. Combination of AVE8062 plus docetaxel results in potent inhibition of ovarian cancer growth. These results suggest that AVE8062 may be useful as a clinical therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer patients and that functional [18F]FDG PET imaging may predict clinical response before an anatomic reduction in tumor size. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9337–45]
Phage Display–Derived Human Monoclonal Antibodies Isolated by Binding to the Surface of Live Primary Breast Cancer Cells Recognize GRP78
Authors: Jakobsen Charlotte G. , Rasmussen Nicolaj , Laenkholm Anne-Vibeke , Ditzel Henrik J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractClinical trials using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against cell-surface markers have yielded encouraging therapeutic results in several cancer types. Generally, however, anticancer antibodies are only efficient against a subpopulation of cancers, and there is a strong need for identification of novel targets and human antibodies against them. We have isolated single-chain human mAbs from a large naïve antibody phage display library by panning on a single-cell suspension of freshly isolated live cancer cells from a human breast cancer specimen, and these antibodies were shown to specifically recognize cancer-associated cell-surface proteins. One of the isolated human antibody fragments, Ab39, recognizes a cell-surface antigen expressed on a subpopulation of cancer cell lines of different origins. Immunohistochemical analysis of a large panel of cancerous and normal tissues showed that Ab39 bound strongly to several cancers, including 45% breast carcinomas, 35% lung cancers, and 86% melanomas, but showed no or weak binding to normal tissues. A yeast two-hybrid screen of a large human testis cDNA library identified the glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa (GRP78) as the antigen recognized by Ab39. The interaction was confirmed by colocalization studies and antibody competition experiments that also mapped the epitope recognized by Ab39 to the COOH terminus of GRP78. The expression of GRP78 on the surface of cancer cells, but not normal cells, makes it an attractive target for cancer therapies including mAb-based immunotherapy. Our results suggest that the human antibody Ab39 may be a useful starting point for further genetic optimization that could render it a useful diagnostic and therapeutic reagent for a variety of cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):9507–17]
Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Do Not Undergo Transformation after Long-termIn vitroCulture and Do Not Exhibit Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms
Authors: Bernardo Maria Ester , Zaffaroni Nadia , Novara Francesca , Cometa Angela Maria , Avanzini Maria Antonietta , Moretta Antonia , Montagna Daniela , Maccario Rita , Villa Raffaella , Daidone Maria Grazia , Zuffardi Orsetta , Locatelli Franco 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSignificant improvement in the understanding of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology has opened the way to their clinical use. However, concerns regarding the possibility that MSCs undergo malignant transformation have been raised. We investigated the susceptibility to transformation of human bone marrow (BM)–derived MSCs at different in vitro culture time points. MSCs were isolated from BM of 10 healthy donors and propagated in vitro until reaching either senescence or passage (P) 25. MSCs in the senescence phase were closely monitored for 8 to 12 weeks before interrupting the cultures. The genetic characterization of MSCs was investigated through array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), conventional karyotyping, and subtelomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis both before and after prolonged culture. MSCs were tested for the expression of telomerase activity, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transcripts, and alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) mechanism at different passages. A huge variability in terms of proliferative capacity and MSCs life span was noted between donors. In eight of 10 donors, MSCs displayed a progressive decrease in proliferative capacity until reaching senescence. In the remaining two MSC samples, the cultures were interrupted at P25 to pursue data analysis. Array-CGH and cytogenetic analyses showed that MSCs expanded in vitro did not show chromosomal abnormalities. Telomerase activity and hTERT transcripts were not expressed in any of the examined cultures and telomeres shortened during the culture period. ALT was not evidenced in the MSCs tested. BM-derived MSCs can be safely expanded in vitro and are not susceptible to malignant transformation, thus rendering these cells suitable for cell therapy approaches. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9142–9]
Targeted Repression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7, a Novel Target of the p53 Family, Triggers Proliferative Defect in p53-Deficient Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Yan Wensheng , Chen Xinbin 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
p53 tumor suppressor and its family members, p63 and p73, are known to play a role in the survival of cells exposed to stress signals. As a transcription factor, the p53 family proteins induce a plethora of target genes that mediate their functions in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and other biological activities. However, the mechanism by which the p53 family proteins regulate their cell survival functions is still not clear. Here, we showed that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) is a novel target gene regulated by the p53 family and mediates the cell survival function of the basal physiologically relevant level of p53. Specifically, we found that knockdown of BMP7 markedly inhibits the proliferation of p53-deficient, but not p21-knockdown, breast cancer cells compared with the ones with wild-type p53. In addition, we found that inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding 2 (Id2), a transcription factor implicated for cell survival, is regulated by the BMP7 and p53 pathways. Interestingly, whereas a functional BMP7 or p53 pathway is sufficient to maintain the basal level of Id2 expression, loss of both pathways abrogates Id2 expression. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of Id2 can restore p53-deficient cells to survive in the absence of BMP7. As a result, we identified a previously unrecognized role for BMP7 in the maintenance of cell survival for p53-deficient cells, at least in part, through Id2. Together, we hypothesize that breast cancer patients with mutant p53 might benefit from targeted repression of BMP7 expression and/or targeted inhibition of the BMP7 pathway. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9117–24]
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Regulates Both Cytotoxic and Prosurvival Functions in Tumor Cells
Authors: Khodarev Nikolai N. , Minn Andy J. , Efimova Elena V. , Darga Thomas E. , Labay Edwardine , Beckett Michael , Mauceri Helena J. , Roizman Bernard , Weichselbaum Ralph R. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Elsewhere, we reported that multiple serial in vivo passage of a squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC61) concurrent with ionizing radiation (IR) treatment resulted in the selection of radioresistant tumor (nu61) that overexpresses the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1)/IFN-dependent pathway. Here, we report that (a) the Stat1 pathway is induced by IR, (b) constitutive overexpression of Stat1 is linked with failure to transmit a cytotoxic signal by radiation or IFNs, (c) selection of parental cell line SCC61 against IFN-α and IFN-γ leads to the same IR- and IFN-resistant phenotype as was obtained by IR selection, and (d) suppression of Stat1 by short hairpin RNA renders the IR-resistant nu61 cells radiosensitive to IR. We propose a model that transient induction of Stat1 by IFN, IR, or other stress signals activates cytotoxic genes and cytotoxic response. Constitutive overexpression of Stat1 on the other hand leads to the suppression of the cytotoxic response and induces prosurvival genes that, at high levels of Stat1, render the cells resistant to IR or other inducers of cell death. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9214–20]
Depletion of Peripheral Macrophages and Brain Microglia Increases Brain Tumor Titers of Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Fulci Giulia , Dmitrieva Nina , Gianni Davide , Fontana Elisabeth J. , Pan Xiaogang , Lu Yanhui , Kaufman Claire S. , Kaur Balveen , Lawler Sean E. , Lee Robert J. , Marsh Clay B. , Brat Daniel J. , van Rooijen Nico , Rachamimov Anat Stemmer , Hochberg Fred H. , Weissleder Ralph , Martuza Robert L. , Chiocca E. Antonio 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Clinical trials have proven oncolytic virotherapy to be safe but not effective. We have shown that oncolytic viruses (OV) injected into intracranial gliomas established in rodents are rapidly cleared, and this is associated with up-regulation of markers (CD68 and CD163) of cells of monocytic lineage (monocytes/microglia/macrophages). However, it is unclear whether these cells directly impede intratumoral persistence of OV through phagocytosis and whether they infiltrate the tumor from the blood or the brain parenchyma. To investigate this, we depleted phagocytes with clodronate liposomes (CL) in vivo through systemic delivery and ex vivo in brain slice models with gliomas. Interestingly, systemic CL depleted over 80% of peripheral CD163+ macrophages in animal spleen and peripheral blood, thereby decreasing intratumoral infiltration of these cells, but CD68+ cells were unchanged. Intratumoral viral titers increased 5-fold. In contrast, ex vivo CL depleted only CD68+ cells from brain slices, and intratumoral viral titers increased 10-fold. These data indicate that phagocytosis by both peripheral CD163+ and brain-resident CD68+ cells infiltrating tumor directly affects viral clearance from tumor. Thus, improved therapeutic efficacy may require modulation of these innate immune cells. In support of this new therapeutic paradigm, we observed intratumoral up-regulation of CD68+ and CD163+ cells following treatment with OV in a patient with glioblastoma. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9398–406]