bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing Communication Skills Training among Interns using Attitude, Ethics, and Communication Module
Authors: Kalia Meenu , Rohilla Ravi , Virk Amrit , Goel Naveen Krishan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Communication skills are the backbone for patient care services such as patient interviews, counseling the patient, and explaining treatment options. The present study was conceived to evaluate the communication training program and perceptions of medical interns and faculty regarding the same.

Methodology:
Sixty medical interns were included in this cross-sectional study. Training on communication skills was imparted which was later assessed on the basis of Kalamazoo scale. Attitude of the interns regarding communication skill training was assessed using Rees and Sheard Scale. The attitude of faculty regarding introduction of communication skill was also assessed.

Results:
The mean score on Kalamazoo Consensus Scale was 19.65 ± 4.97 with a range of 10–29. Females had a higher score (21.09 ± 5.80) as compared to males (17.88 ± 3.21), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.157). The mean score for positive and negative attitude scale was 59.15 ± 5.51 and 25.20 ± 9.60.

Conclusion:
The ability to communicate effectively is a core competency expected of medical graduates and communication skills training of medical students and interns with the help of didactic lectures, role plays, and videos, etc., can go a long way in improving their communication skills.
Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of royal jelly against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans
Authors: Mahale Vivek Devidas , Sharma Sonali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of this study was to ascertain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of royal jelly (RJ) against three microorganisms frequently linked with endodontic infections: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans.

Materials and Methods:
Freshly harvested RJ was prepared at different concentrations (20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25%) in distilled water. The microbial cultures of the target organisms were prepared. MIC was determined using a broth dilution technique, monitoring microbial growth. MBC was determined by inoculating agar plates with samples from tubes showing no apparent growth and evaluating the presence of bacterial or fungal growth following the incubation period.

Results:
For S. aureus, the MIC and MBC were 5 mg/ml of RJ. For E. faecalis, the MIC and MBC were 10 mg/ml of RJ. For C. albicans, both MIC and MBC were 10 mg/ml of RJ. The findings demonstrated RJ’s potential to inhibit and eliminate these pathogenic microorganisms, making it a potential candidate for endodontic infection control.

Conclusion:
The antimicrobial properties of RJ against S. aureus, E. faecalis, and C. albicans present a promising avenue for enhancing infection control in endodontics. Additional investigations are needed to refine its use in clinical settings, especially in cases with mixed microbial infections.
Influence of access cavity design on root canal instrumentation efficacy in molars – An in vitro study
Authors: Chandolu Vedamani , Mandava Jyothi , Borugadda Roopesh , Sirisha Kantheti , Kumar Konagala Ravi , Goteti Sameera , Nallamilli Lalitha Sri Roja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Several designs of access cavity have been evolved in the recent past with the concept of minimal tooth tissue removal which would improve the root canal treated teeth fracture resistance.

Aim:
To investigate the effect of conservative design access cavity during the instrumentation of maxillary molar root canals.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty noncarious maxillary molars were assigned to the traditional and conservative access groups (n = 40 each). After designated access preparations, the teeth were immersed in Lugols’s solution for staining the pulp tissue. Root canal instrumentation was performed with TruNatomy file system. Pre- and postinstrumentation nano-computed tomography (CT) images were taken and reconstructed using CT-An software. Root canals volumetric analysis was done with CT-Vol software. The analysis of the data was dealt with Shapiro–Wilk test and independent t-test.

Results:
The volume of pulp canal space before and after instrumentation changed significantly between the traditional and conservative access design groups, according to an independent t-test. In comparison, the mean volume of dentin removed was much larger in the TAC group (P = 0.0016). The independent t-test manifests difference significantly between traditional endodontic access cavity (TAC) and conservative access cavity (CAC) with percentage of unprepared canal walls. The mean percentage of unprepared area was significantly lesser in TAC group as compared to CAC group (P = 0.0022).

Conclusion:
The volume of dentin removed was greater in TAC than with the CAC design. The amount of untouched canal wall area was significantly higher in conservative access design than with the traditional access design group.
Color match of single-shade restorations after professional dental bleaching: An in vitro study
Authors: Forabosco Eleonora , Generali Luigi , Mancuso Edoardo , Kaleci Shaniko , Consolo Ugo , Checchi Vittorio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Restorative dentistry aims to reproduce natural tooth shades through resin composites that must be layered to obtain colors, opacities, and translucencies, and therefore, clinical success is operator skill dependent.

Aims:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color shift of single-shade composite restorations before and after dental bleaching.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty human extracted posterior teeth were restored with four single-shade composites (Omnichroma OM; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal CL; Essentia Universal ES; Venus Diamond One VE) (n = 20 each). Standardized V class cavities were prepared on buccal side. VITA Easyshade V spectrophotometer was used to register VITA color and color coordinates 24 h before (T0), 24 h after (T1), and 1 week after (T2) dental bleaching (Opalescence Boost PF 40%). Color differences (ΔEab) and (ΔWID) were calculated and subjected to statistical analysis.

Statistical Analysis:
Categorical variables were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square, and data from color coordinates were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison test with Bonferroni correction. Paired t-tests were performed to compare continuous measures between groups and treatment time.

Results:
Instrumental evaluations revealed statistically significant differences between materials (P < 0.05) with lower values for ES and VE samples followed by CL and OM at T0 and T1. At T2, OM and CL ΔEab values decrease getting closer to ES and VE.

Conclusion:
Single-shade composites seem to match with the surrounding bleached tooth.
Retreatability of NeoSEALER Flo obturated with warm vertical compaction versus single-cone technique using two different retreatment systems
Authors: Elzanaty Toka Kamaleldeen , Elashiry Mohamed M. , Mahran Abeer Hashem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the retreatability of NeoSEALER Flo obturated with warm vertical compaction (WVC) and single-cone (SC) techniques using two different retreatment systems.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two root canals were shaped and obturated with NeoSEALER Flo either in an SC obturation technique or a WVC technique. Samples were retreated using ProTaper retreatment or EdgeFile XR retreatment system. The percentage of remaining debris after retreatment was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope using ImageJ software. The time taken to reach full working length (WL) and induce patency was recorded.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired t-test and a one-way analysis of variance test.

Results:
The percentage of remaining debris after retreatment was significantly higher in the SC technique than in the WVC technique, regardless of the retreatment system used. EdgeFile XR system removed more filling material than the ProTaper retreatment system, regardless of the obturation technique. The apical region showed significantly higher remaining debris than other regions in all groups. The WL and patency were achieved faster in the SC group, while in the WVC group, the EdgeFile XR system was faster.

Conclusions:
The WVC technique showed better retrieval of the filling material; however, a longer time was taken for retreatment. EdgeFile XR system performed better in removing filling materials from inside the canals.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity and adaptability of a novel bioceramic root canal sealer: An in vitro and scanning electron microscope study
Authors: Emam Soha Alaa , Mahran Abeer Hashem , Elshafei Marwa Mokbel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment.

Aims:
Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability.

Materials and Methods:
Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h. After their incubation, MTT solution was added to each well plate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader was implemented to calculate the percentage of viable cells. Thirty mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared using the Edge Endo rotary system, teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the sealer type: Group 1 CeramoSeal, Group 2 Totalfill, and Group 3 AH plus sealer. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and viewed under a scanning electron microscope where the region with the gaps was identified and quantified as a percentage of the root canal’s overall area.

Statistical Analysis:
One-way ANOVA test was used for cytotoxicity, while Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman’s tests were used for adaptability.

Results:
Ceramoseal statistically significantly showed the lowest viability, at high concentrations AH plus showed the highest cell viability, while at lower concentration Totalfill BC sealer showed the highest cell viability percentage. The gap percentages were statistically significantly higher in Ceramoseal group, there was no statistically significant difference between AH Plus and Totalfill groups.

Conclusions:
Ceramoseal sealer exhibited the lowest viability and highest gap percentage compared to the other sealers.
An Institutional Survey to Assess and Create Awareness of Inter-dental Cleaning Aids among the Patients Visiting a Dental Hospital in Ahmedabad
Authors: Sathwara Jinay D. , Chaudhary Ashish Kaur , Patel Eshita , Parikh Hiral Akshat , Bhattacharjee Sirsha , Gajjar Rajat , Mehta Dhaval Niranjan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To assess and evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and usage of inter-dental aids among the patients visiting a dental hospital.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among patients using a questionnaire for evaluation of routine oral hygiene regimens.

Results:
89% of patients brush their teeth only once a day. 77% of patients do not use any inter-dental aid, while 76% of patients are unaware about inter-dental aids.

Conclusion:
A very small part of the population is aware about the importance of using inter-dental aids in maintaining proper oral hygiene. Dentists play a key role in educating the society and encouraging them to use other aids apart from toothbrushes to prevent oral diseases.
A Study to Assess the Role of Psychological Stress in the Severity of Oral Lichen Planus, OSMF, and Leukoplakia and its Correlation with Serum Cortisol Levels
Authors: Khan Saba , Mehta Dhaval N. , Jain Pooja , Somani Saurabh , Pathan Mohammed A. , Thakkar Helly , Agrawal Swati 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The most prevalent oral mucosal conditions in humans are leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP), and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). These conditions should be studied as psychosomatic conditions, but little research has been done on how these conditions relate to stress.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 280 patients of both genders with ages 35–60 years were divided into four groups: leukoplakia, OSMF, OLP, and control. Whole blood samples were collected from all the participants and analyzed for serum cortisol by using ELISA with a commercial kit. Detailed case history and DASS-21 questionnaire were recorded for psychological assessment. To assess the variables, the student t test and Chi-square test were used. P values of <0.05 were regarded as significant.

Results:
In this study, it was found that higher levels of serum cortisol were found in OLP patients, with advanced erosive lesions showing the highest levels of serum cortisol, followed by OSMF and leukoplakia. Patients with Oral Lichen Planus showed higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression than patients of OSMF and leukoplakia.

Conclusion:
This study emphasized stress and anxiety as a predisposing factor in the occurrence and progression of OSMF apart from re-establishing the role of stress and anxiety in OLP with consideration to depression in triggering role for OLP. Furthermore, it demonstrated that serum cortisol levels play a significant role as an indicator of psychological stress.
Prehospital stroke care in Singapore
Authors: Lam Timothy Jia Rong , Liu Zhenghong , Tan Benjamin Yong-Qiang , Ng Yih Ying , Tan Colin Kaihui , Wong Xiang Yi , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Yeo Leonard Leong Litt , Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Ong Marcus Eng Hock 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Due to the narrow window of opportunity for stroke therapeutics to be employed, effectiveness of stroke care systems is predicated on the efficiency of prehospital stroke systems. A robust prehospital stroke system of care that provides a rapid and well-coordinated response maximises favourable poststroke outcomes, but achieving this presents a unique set of challenges dependent on demographic and geographical circumstances. Set in the context of a highly urbanised first-world nation with a rising burden of stroke, Singapore’s prehospital stroke system has evolved to reflect the environment in which it operates. This review aims to characterise the current state of prehospital stroke care in Singapore, covering prehospital aspects of the stroke survival chain from symptom onset till arrival at the emergency department. We identify areas for improvement and innovation, as well as provide insights into the possible future of prehospital stroke care in Singapore.
Sympathetic ophthalmia or Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease: Don’t judge a book by its cover
Authors: De Simone Luca , Ragusa Emanuele , Bolletta Elena , Gozzi Fabrizio , Gentile Pietro , Fontana Luigi , Cimino Luca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
A 17-year-old female patient of Asian origin presented to the Ocular Immunology Unit of Reggio Emilia Hospital in July 2017, complaining of nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, tinnitus, and headache going on for 3 days, followed by the appearance of blurred vision in the left eye. Three months before (April 2017) she had a history of penetrating keratoplasty in the right eye for a diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis unresponsive to antiamoebic therapy. The clinical examination exhibited a picture of bilateral panuveitis with papillitis and exudative detachment of the retinal neuroepithelium. The diagnostic workup excluded a possible infectious etiology and showed the positivity of the human leukocyte antigen-DR4. Magnetic resonance imaging showed leptomeningeal inflammatory involvement and lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis. Considering the history of trauma, Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease was ruled out and the diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia was made. The patient was treated with topical and oral steroids combined with mycophenolate mofetil for long-term control of the disease. The subsequent 18-month follow-up showed an excellent clinical response with a marked improvement in the ocular findings.
A Comprehensive Review of Machine Learning’s Role within KOA
Authors: Rani Suman , Memoria Minakshi , Choudhury Tanupriya , Sar Ayan 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease, that predominantly affects the knee joint and causes significant global disability. The traditional methods prevailing in this field for proper diagnosis are very subjective and time-consuming, which hinders early detection. This study explored the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in orthopedics, specifically the field of machine learning (ML) applications in KOA.
OBJECTIVES: The objective is to assess the effectiveness of Machine learning in KOA, besides focusing on disease progression, joint detection, segmentation, and its classification. ML algorithms are also applied to analyze the MRI and X-ray images for their proper classification and forecasting. The survey spanning from 2018 to 2022 investigated the treatment-seeking behavior of individuals with OA symptoms.
METHODS: Utilizing deep learning (CNN, RNN) and various ML algorithms (SVM, GBM), this study examined KOA. Machine learning was used as a subset of AI, and it played a pivotal role in healthcare, particularly in the field of medical imaging. The analysis involved reviewing the studies from credible sources like Elsevier and Web of Science.
RESULTS: Current research in the field of medical imaging CAD revealed promising outcomes. Studies that utilized CNN demonstrated 80-90% accuracy on datasets like OAI and MOST, emphasizing its varied significance in vast clinical and imaging data archives.
CONCLUSION: This comprehensive analysis highlighted the evolving landscape of research in KOA. The role of machine learning in classification, segmentation, and diagnosis of severity is very much evident. The study also anticipates a future framework optimizing KOA detection and overall classification performance, with a strong emphasis on the potential for enhancement of knee osteoarthritis diagnostics.
Thompson’s semigroup and the first Hochschild cohomology
Authors: Huang Linzhe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we apply the theory of algebraic cohomology to study the amenability of Thompson’s group

$\mathcal {F}$

. We introduce the notion of unique factorization semigroup which contains Thompson’s semigroup

$\mathcal {S}$

and the free semigroup

$\mathcal {F}_n$

on n (

$\geq 2$

) generators. Let

$\mathfrak {B}(\mathcal {S})$

and

$\mathfrak {B}(\mathcal {F}_n)$

be the Banach algebras generated by the left regular representations of

$\mathcal {S}$

and

$\mathcal {F}_n$

, respectively. We prove that all derivations on

$\mathfrak {B}(\mathcal {S})$

and

$\mathfrak {B}(\mathcal {F}_n)$

are automatically continuous, and every derivation on

$\mathfrak {B}(\mathcal {S})$

is induced by a bounded linear operator in

$\mathcal {L}(\mathcal {S})$

, the weak-operator closed Banach algebra consisting of all bounded left convolution operators on

$l^2(\mathcal {S})$

. Moreover, we prove that the first continuous Hochschild cohomology group of

$\mathfrak {B}(\mathcal {S})$

with coefficients in

$\mathcal {L}(\mathcal {S})$

vanishes. These conclusions provide positive indications for the left amenability of Thompson’s semigroup.
A classification of anomalous actions through model action absorption
Authors: Girón Pacheco Sergio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe discuss a strategy for classifying anomalous actions through model action absorption. We use this to upgrade existing classification results for Rokhlin actions of finite groups on C$^*$-algebras, with further assuming a UHF-absorption condition, to a classification of anomalous actions on these C$^*$-algebras.
КЛАСТЕР ЁНДАШУВИ: ЧОРВАЧИЛИК КЛАСТЕРЛАРИНИНГ АФЗАЛЛИКЛАРИ
Authors: Мавлянов Мажид , Урдушев Хамракул 
Published: March 2024

Глобаллашув жараёнлари ҳар бир мамлакатнинг иқтисодий ривожланишига кучли туртки бермоқда. Шу боисдан бошқарувнинг бозор муносабатларига ўтиш даврида Ўзбекистоннинг иқтисодий ислоҳотлари жамият ривожланишининг самарали усулларини топишга қаратилгани бежиз эмас. Замонавий иқтисодиёт бозор тизимидан рақобатбардош маҳсулотлар ишлаб чиқариш учун шарт-шароитлар яратишни талаб қилади. Мақолада чорвачилик тармоғини ривожлантиришда кластер ёндошувининг афзалликлари кўрсатилган. Ўзбекистон чорвачилиги рақобатбардошлигини оширишда чорвачилик тармоғини кластерлаш масалаларини тадқиқ қилиш бугунги кунда долзарбдир.
Total Column Optical Depths Retrieved from CALIPSO Lidar Ocean Surface Backscatter
Authors: Ryan Robert A. , Vaughan Mark A. , Rodier Sharon D. , Tackett Jason L. , Reagan John A. , Ferrare Richard A. , Hair Johnathan W. , Getzewich Brian J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. This paper introduces the new Ocean Derived Column Optical Depth (ODCOD) algorithm. ODCOD is now being used to retrieve column optical depths from the 532 nm measure­ments acquired by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polari­zation (CALIOP) onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft. ODCOD retrieves total column optical depths using the lidar backscatter signal return from the ocean surface, together with collocated wind speed estimates from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‑2). An advantage of ODCOD retrievals is that the column optical depths include contributions from particulates throughout the entire column including regions with attenuated backscatter below the CALIOP layer detection thresholds. In contrast, the standard CALIOP processing only estimates optical depths for clouds and aerosols detected by the CALIOP layer detection scheme. In this paper we describe the ODCOD algorithm, develop uncertainty estimates, and characterize the ODCOD retrievals relative to existing datasets. The paper presents detailed comparisons of ODCOD retrievals to collocated measurements from Langley Research Center’s airborne high spectral resolution lidars (HSRL), daytime estimates derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro­radio­meter (MODIS), and daytime and nighttime optical depths estimates from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm. ODCOD aerosol-only optical depth estimates are higher compared to airborne HSRL measurements by 0.009 ± 0.043 (median ± median absolute deviation) or 6 % ± 27 % relative difference, lower than MODIS by ‑0.009 ± 0.041 (8.0 % ± 34 % relative difference), higher in the daytime than SODA by 0.004 ± 0.035 (12 % ± 34 % relative difference), and higher in the nighttime by 0.027 ± 0.034 (20 % ± 33 % relative difference). In addition to being a new method of retrieving column optical depth, ODCOD’s estimates are independent from the standard CALIOP optical depth retrieval algorithms and have potential for further advances in the CALIPSO data record both to validate CALIOP estimates and as a potential column constraint for future improvements to extinction retrievals.