bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated sister chromatid exchange frequencies in dividing human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields
Authors: Wahab M.A. , Podd J.V. , Rapley B.I. , Rowland R.E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in vitro cytomolecular technique, sister chromatid exchange (SCE), was applied to test the clastogenic potentiality of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs). SCE frequencies were scored in dividing peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from six healthy male blood donors in two rounds of experiments, R1 and R2, to determine reproducibility. Lymphocyte cultures in the eight experiments conducted in each round were exposed to 50 Hz sinusoidal (continuous or pulsed) or square (continuous or pulsed) MFs at field strengths of 1 µT or 1 mT for 72 h. A significant increase in the number of SCEs/cell in the grouped experimental conditions compared to the controls was observed in both rounds. The highest SCE frequency in R1 was 10.03 for a square continuous field, and 10.39 for a square continuous field was the second highest frequency in R2. DNA crosslinking at the replication fork is proposed as a model which could explain the mechanistic link between ELF EMF exposure and increased SCE frequency. Bioelectromagnetics 28:281–288, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maintenance of internet‐based prevention: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jacobi Corinna , Morris Lisette , Beckers Christina , Bronisch‐Holtze Janina , Winter Jana , Winzelberg Andrew J. , Taylor Craig Barr 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:Excessive weight or shape concerns and dieting are among the most important and well‐established risk factors for the development of symptoms of disordered eating or full‐syndrome eating disorders. Prevention programs should therefore target these factors in order to reduce the likelihood of developing an eating disorder. The aims of this study were to determine the short‐term and maintenance effects of an internet‐based prevention program for eating disorders.Method:One hundred female students at two German universities were randomly assigned to either an 8‐week intervention or a waiting‐list control condition and assessed at preintervention, postintervention, and 3‐month follow‐up.Results:Compared with the control group, the intervention produced significant and sustained effects for high‐risk women.Conclusion:Internet‐based prevention is effective and can be successfully adapted to a different culture. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
A history of human‐like dieting alters serotonergic control of feeding and neurochemical balance in a rat model of binge‐eating
Authors: Chandler‐Laney Paula C. , Castañeda Edward , Viana Jason B. , Oswald Kimberly D. , Maldonado Christine R. , Boggiano Mary M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:This study replicated a model of stress‐induced binge‐eating in rats with a history of caloric restriction (HCR), tested their response to SSRI (fluoxetine) treatment, and explored changes in brain monoamine levels.Method:Young female rats with no‐HCR/no‐Stress, no‐HCR/Stress, HCR/no‐Stress, and HCR+Stress (binge‐eating) were treated with fluoxetine. Post‐mortem levels of serotonin, dopamine, and metabolites were assessed from brain regions key to feeding and reward.Results:A 3 mg/kg dose of fluoxetine without effect in the no‐HCR groups suppressed intake of HCR groups, normalizing the binge‐eating of HCR/Stress rats. No differences in monoamines were detected in the hypothalamus or tegmentum but a strong positive relationship between accumbens serotonin and dopamine turnover in no‐HCR rats was absent in rats with HCR.Conclusion:Despite lack of hunger, a history of human‐like dieting alters serotonin function in ways suggesting consequences not only to feeding but also control of reward and mood that are dependent on dopamine/serotonin interactions. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Genotoxicity of occupational exposure to wood dust: Micronucleus frequency and nuclear changes in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells
Authors: Çelik Ayla , Kanık Arzu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOccupational exposure to wood dust is associated with the occurrence of nasal cancer. In this study, we investigated micronuclei and nuclear changes (NCs: binucleates, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and the “broken egg” effect) in exfoliated buccal cells of 20 workers exposed to wood dust and 20 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Micronucleus frequency and the frequency of each of the NCs were significantly higher for wood workers than controls (P < 0.01). Cigarette smoking was associated with increased frequencies of micronuclei and NCs in the buccal mucosa epithelium cells of both the control and exposed groups. Our findings indicate that buccal cells of wood workers display increased levels of genotoxicity and toxicity, and that these biomarker responses may be related to the increased cancer risk among wood workers. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 47:, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotoxicity in rats treated with the antidiabetic agent, rosiglitazone
Authors: Bedir Abdulkerim , Aliyazicioglu Yuksel , Kahraman Hakki , Yurdakul Zafer , Uysal Mehmet , Suvaci Duygu Erol , Okuyucu Ali , Hökelek Murat , Alvur Muhlise 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRosiglitazone (RSG), a member of the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agents, improves glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity. The therapeutic mode of action of RSG involves its activity as a highly selective and potent agonist for peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ. Although other drugs in this class have displayed unacceptable hepatotoxicity, RSG was approved for human use. The package insert indicates that RSG has minimal genotoxicity, but information on the genotoxicity of RSG is not available in the published literature. In this study, we used the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/Comet assay to investigate the DNA damage in peripheral blood and liver cells of rats treated with RSG. Sixteen male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly distributed into four groups, and dosed daily by oral gavage with 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg/day RSG. The rats dosed with 2.0 mg/kg/day RSG received an ∼10‐times the area under the curve concentration of the maximum recommended human daily dose. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were euthanized, and peripheral blood and liver were collected and processed for the Comet assay. A dose‐dependent increase in DNA damage (as assessed by % tail DNA and Olive Tail Moment) was observed in the hepatocytes of RSG‐treated groups, with significant increases detected between rats treated with all the doses of RSG and the control, and between rats treated with different RSG doses (P < 0.05 – P < 0.0001). In contrast, DNA damage was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes only in rats treated with the higher RSG doses (1.0 and 2 mg/kg/day). Taken together, the data indicate that RSG is able to induce primary DNA damage in rats, with greater damage being detected in liver cells than lymphocytes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 47:, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of daily and diurnal signals of total precipitable water (TPW) over the Indian Ocean based on TMI retrieved 3‐day composite estimates and radiosonde data
Authors: Sajith V. , Adegoke Jimmy O. , Raghavan Santosh K. , Ram Mohan H. S. , Kumar Vinod , Preenu P. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) TRMM microwave imager (TMI) retrieved total precipitable water (TPW) has been shown in previous studies to be useful for characterizing energy transport and rainfall variability over water bodies. In this study, 3‐day composite TPW values during the monsoon months of June–September in 1999 and 2003 were evaluated against radiosonde derived TPW over the coastal regions of Indian Ocean. The radiosonde measurements were from coastal locations, island stations and ship‐based observations made during the 1999 Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX). Our study is one of the first attempts to compare TMI‐derived TPW with the BOBMEX data. Root mean square (RMS) error of 8.1 mm and a bias of −0.76 mm were obtained for TMI 3‐day composite TPW data with respect to the radiosonde data over the Indian coastal regions. TMI overestimated (underestimated) radiosonde measurements under dry (wet) atmospheric conditions. Daily TMI‐derived TPW was also validated with radiosonde measurements from the BOBMEX data for the period 21 July–28 August 1999. Diurnal signals of TPW over Bay of Bengal were found to be comparable to the in situ measurements during the same period. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
The vitamin C content of english and South African cabbages
Authors: Lampitt L. H. , Ginsburg L. , Baker L. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnalysis of cabbages grown on the same plot at Greenford (Middlesex) from seed of both English and South African varieties revealed that, in general, the English varieties had higher concentrations of vitamin C. Results of a similar experiment, with a smaller number of plants, at two places in South Africa tended to confirm this conclusion. Agreement between the results from the two places was sufficiently good to indicate that location had little or no influence. Unusually high concentrations of dehydroascorbic acid, probably caused by some seasonal effect, were found in the cabbages grown at Greenford. English spring cabbages grown in South Africa, under the same conditions as the other varieties, showed vitamin C contents of the same order, whereas in England, in previous seasons, it has been found that spring cabbages contain a higher concentration of vitamin C than those harvested in summer and winter.
A method for improving the keeping quality of bread
Authors: Alcock R. S. , King J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method was developed during World War II for special military needs, to delay the usual manifestations of staleness brought about by the storage of the plain type of bread used by the British Army. The active ingredient employed was a mixture of paraffin wax and bees‐wax added to wheat flour to make a fine powder, which was incorporated into the main body of the flour before making the dough. No quantitative physical measurements which might correspond to the sensations of staleness could be made, but the rate of loss of moisture per unit made with this mixture usually kept in fairly good condition for periods up to 14 days.
The component fatty acids of elephant seal oil
Authors: Winter G. , Nunn W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe compositions of the blubber fats of a male and female elephant seal were examined. Evidence is presented to show that acids of chain length greater than C22 were absent; there was an appreciable difference in the composition of the fatty acids from the two specimens. The possibility of a dependence of the fatty acid composition on the physiological state of the animal is discussed.The use of methyl esters in preference to fatty acids in the preliminary separation by low‐temperature crystallization has the advantage of obviating the cumbersome steps of saponification, regeneration of the fatty acids and final methylation, since the esters can be prepared directly by methanolysis. The risk of accidental oxidation of the highly unsaturated portion of the fat is also minimized.
Combination of sulphur dioxide with concentrated orange juice. I.—Equilibrium states
Authors: Ingram M. , Vas K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSubstances present in concentrated orange juice that are likely to combine with SO2 are surveyed, and the more important are tested in pure solutions. They are shown to be, in order of importance, glucose, unidentified aldehydes or ketones, pectin, perhaps also breakdown products of pectin, e.g. arabinose. The behaviour of these substances, in equilibrium with SO2, is compared with that of orange juice in similar circumstances.The increased combination of SO2 with glucose, as the concentration of glucose increases, is paralleled by a greater combination with concentrated than with dilute juices. At all concentrations, however, there is a greater combining‐power than can be accounted for by the sugar content of the juice. From comparison with heated glucose solutions, it is suggested that this is due to the presence of traces of aldehyde‐ and ketone‐like substances, some of which may have been present in the juice originally and survived processing; most, it is suggested, are formed by reaction between sugars and acids in the concentrated juice during the heat‐treatment. Because of the presence of these traces of strongly‐combining substances, the proportion of SO2 combining is not, as in pure glucose solutions, independent of the quantity added, but is variable; this combination is almost complete with small quantities of SO2, but with large additions of SO2 it decreases towards the level corresponding to the glucose content.The combining‐power of glucose and aldehydes falls if their solutions are warmed, and the same happens with heated sugar solutions. With concentrated juices, on the other hand, complicating factors apparently interfere, and the ultimate degree of combination increases with temperature.This paper deals only with equilibrium states; consideration of kinetics will follow in a second paper.
Some factors affecting the oxidation of the fat of dehydrated herrings
Authors: Banks A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStorage of dehydrated herrings in air at 10° C., followed by peroxide‐ and iodine‐value determinations, have been used to test the effects on the oxidation of the fat of the dried fish of (a) stowage of the raw material on ice, (b) varying the temperatures of cooking and drying and (c) antioxidants, including wood smoke. Stowage of the herrings in ice before drying has an adverse effect on the stability of the dried product, probably because of the activity of biological catalysts in the fat depot of herrings. Within limits, high temperatures of cooking, drying and storage, which may adversely affect general flavour, stabilize the fat. Previous suggestions regarding the production of antioxidants in milk by the action of high temperatures of processing apply also to herrings. Antioxidants added to the herrings before drying are ineffective, but the addition to the air during drying of wood smoke, which contains some of the simple antioxygenic phenols, stabilizes the fat of the dehydrated product very considerably. The smoke‐dried product resembles a dehydrated kipper in flavour, and it may be kept freely exposed to air at 10° C. for long periods without deterioration.
Combination of sulphur dioxide with concentrated orange juice. II.—The rate of the reaction
Authors: Ingram M. , Vas K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rate of combination of SO2 with glucose, with acetaldehyde, with mixtures of the two and with heated glucose solutions has been compared with the rate of combination with orange juice. The velocities of combination and of breakdown of the bisulphite compounds formed can be accounted for by reactions observed in pure solutions (although the exact nature of the aldehydic compounds remains to be elucidated), at any rate as far as concerns the changes in the first few hours.Glucose and the other aldehydes behave in asimilar way towards SO2, the differences being merely of degree; thus they all combine more rapidly (but less completely) at higher temperatures, and more rapidly (but to about the same extent) at higher pH's.These general trends are discernible withconcentrated orange juices, but they cannot be properly demonstrated till better methods for determining free SO2 in such jiices are available. There remain much slower changes, extending sometimes over several days, which are characterized by high degrees of combination, variability from jiice to juice, by fluctuation, even of free SO2 in an individual jiice and by inversion of the temperature‐effect; these changes take place even at tmperatures where breakdown of the juice seems unlikely, and their nature and duration cannot apparently be explained simply by reactions of aldehydes etc.; their cause remains to be discovered.It is noted, finally, that the nature and quantity of any active aldehydes may be greatly modified by heat‐processing of the jiice, and that combination of SO2 with such substances might well interfere with browning reaction. The possibility of delaying combination by acidification is also envisaged.
Some recent advances in the bacteriology of pasteurized milk
Authors: Anderson E. B. , Meanwell L. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe keeping quality of pasteurized milk is influenced to a considerable degree by the atmospheric temperature on the day of collection of the raw milk from the farms, a marked deterioration being recorded at collection temperatures of over 21° C. (70° F.). This deterioration is apparent even when the raw milk collected at different atmospheric temperatures has apparently the same bacterial activity, as measured by dye reduction, on delivery to the dairy. It is possible that an increase in heat resistance of certain acid‐producing organisms during the early logarithmic phase of growth may account for this phenomenon.Raw milk produced under satisfactory hygienic conditions has a satisfactory keeping quality after pasteurization, but the addition of 1% of an unsatisfactory raw supply to the bulk before pasteurization will cause marked deterioration.In mild weather the infection of pasteurized milk with B. Coli at any point in its travel results in a marked loss of keeping quality, but in hot weather this loss is masked by the lower natural keeping quality of the bulk milk as revealed by laboratory pasteurization.
The use of tetramethyldiamino‐diphenylmethane for the determination of small amounts of manganese in plant material and soil extracts
Authors: Cornfield A. H. , Pollard A. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is shown that the very sensitive reaction between manganese and 4:4′‐tetramethyldiaminodiphenylmethane (‘methane base’) in the presence of periodate can be applied to the quantitative estimation of the element in the range 0.1–1 μg. The effect of possible interfering factors is studied and the method is shown to give satisfactory results for the determination of manganese in plant material and in the ammonium acetate ‘leachate’ of soils.
The composition and cooking quality of potatoes from fertilizer trials in the east riding of yorkshire
Authors: Baker L. C. , Lampitt L. H. , Money R. W. , Parkinson T. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPotatoes from experimental plots on a potash‐deficient soil, which had been given different fertilizer treatments, showed only small differences in composition and cooking quality, except where muriate of potash was omitted from the fertilizer mixture. Potatoes from these plots had higher total solids and nitrogen but lower ash contents, and in 1948 were decidedly inferior in cooking qualities compaxed with potatoes from the other plots. Vitamin C assays showed only small differences between the treatments. Inclusion of potash in the fertilizer resulted in a marked increase in the yield of potatoes and in the yields of solid matter and nitrogen per acre, in spite of the tendency for the percentages of total solids and nitrogen in the tubers to fall.
Determination of fumigants. XXI.—Preliminary experiments on the sorption of mercury vapour by wheat
Authors: Gorringe B. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn ultra‐violet absorption method for the determination of mercury vapour in air is described. The apparatus incorporates a special ultra‐violet filter. The amount of mercury vapour sorbed by clean pyrex glass was found to be small compared with that sorbed by wheat, and to have no relation to the time of exposure. The sorption of mercury vapour by English wheat of moisture content 13–18% at temperatures of 20–30°C. has been studied. It is concluded that most of the mercury sorbed is firmly retained by reaction with the wheat tissues.
The determination of water in sugar solutions by oven‐drying
Authors: Mitchell Thomas J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn a study of the factors influencing the determination of water in thermally sensitive substances by oven methods, solutions of sucrose, glucose and fructose have been dried in the steam oven and in the vacuum oven using various dishes, absorbents, times, temperatures and PH values.It is shown that fructose solutions cannot be dried without decomposition in the steam oven, whereas glucose is relatively stable at 98° C. Sucrose solutions dry very slowly and are reluctant to give up the last traces of water. In general there is faster drying in the acid zone of the pH scale, with slow drying and greater tendency to decomposition in the alkaline region.When drying is carried out on paper rolls it is found that fructose gives low results, corresponding to the Joss of half a molecule of water of crystallization: normal results are given by sand, pumice or Celite absorbent under the same conditions.
Some present trends in baking research
Authors: Coppock J. B. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect on food science of the recent rapid developments in the chemical industry is discussed, particularly from the aspect of the potential physiological effects that may result from the use of new materials in food processing. The need for studying the toxic properties of many new chemical compounds and their role in human nutrition is emphasized, and it is thought that suitable limits governing their use will need to be prescribed as has already been done for elements.Chemical substances may be used in three main ways: (i) included as ingredients, (ii) used for facilitating processing operations and (iii) in the improvement of hygiene. Pharmacological data required will include studies on (a) absorption, (b) metabolism and (c) acute and chronic toxicity. It is thought that diverse methods of approach to these problems should be made, and in many cases the classical methods of analytical chemistry will supplement and fortify data obtained by the pharmacologist. In certain cases where the chemist can demonstrate that substances are not absorbed during processing chemical data alone may suffice.These views are illustrated by considering examples of (i), (ii) and (iii) above, with particular reference to the baking industry.The need for greater knowledge in this undeveloped avenue of research in food science is strongly emphasized.
The ultrafiltration of clay suspensions
Authors: Wild A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA description is given of a modified form of Bechhold apparatus which has been used to ultrafilter 0.2% clay suspensions in the course of work on the retention of phosphate by clay. The suspensions are forced under pressures of 60–80 lb./sq. in. through membranes made from collodion dissolved in glacial acetic acid. The membranes retain up to 3–4% of the phosphate present in standard solutions, the loss decreasing with increasing pH value. It is shown that this reduction in phosphate concentration is not affected by clay. The concentration of phosphate in the solution of a clay suspension can therefore be determined from the concentration of the ultrafiltrate by using the small correction factors found with standard solutions.