bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal uncertainty as a chronically accessible construct
Authors: Edwards John A. , Wichman Aaron L. , Weary Gifford 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCausal uncertainty refers to feelings that one may not understand the causes of events. A number of studies have shown that causal uncertainty has significant effects on people's processing of information and on important life outcomes. Weary and Edwards have postulated that causal uncertainty is, in part, a cognitive construct that can vary in its accessibility. This assumption has allowed for a variety of predictions to be made about the causes and consequences of causal uncertainty. However, this accessibility assumption has never been directly tested. To do this, in Study 1 an emotional Stroop procedure was used. Higher causal uncertainty was associated with longer latencies to name the color in which causal uncertainty‐related words were written compared to uncertainty‐irrelevant words. In Study 2, both manipulated and chronic causal uncertainty led to faster times to respond to causal uncertainty‐related stimuli in an attitude accessibility task. Both studies are consistent with the theoretically predicted chronic accessibility of causal uncertainty beliefs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When words feel right: How affective expressions of listeners change a speaker's language use
Authors: Beukeboom Camiel J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBased on conversation research and work showing that affective cues help to tune information processing to situational demands, it was hypothesized that affective expressions of listeners would influence how speakers represent communicated information in language. Participants were asked to orally communicate an event presented in a film clip to two other participants. These other participants were actually confederates who either adopted a positive or negative nonverbal expression during the story of the participant. Results show that participants talking to smiling listeners used more interpretive, abstract language, whereas participants talking to frowning listeners stayed with the concrete and descriptive facts. These effects of external affective cues on language abstraction were not mediated by the speaker's mood. Implications for interpersonal conversation are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electroactive Dipyrromethene‐Cu(II) Monolayers Deposited onto Gold Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Paracetamol
Authors: Saraswathyamma Beena , Grzybowska Izabela , Orlewska Czesława , Radecki Jerzy , Dehaen Wim , Kumar Krishnapillai Girish , Radecka Hanna 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDipyrromethene‐Cu(II) derivatives possessing two dodecane alkyl chains have been used for the modification of gold electrodes. Electroactive host molecules have been incorporated into a lipophilic dodecanethiol SAM deposited onto gold electrodes through hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions (embedment technique). The presence of dipyrromethene‐Cu(II) redox centers on the electrode surface was proved by cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square‐wave voltammetry. The Au electrodes incorporating redox active Cu(II)‐dipyrromethene SAMs were used for the direct voltammetric determination of paracetamol in human plasma.
A Graphite‐Polyurethane Composite Electrode for the Analysis of Furosemide
Authors: Semaan Felipe S. , Pinto Edilson M. , Cavalheiro Éder T. G. , Brett Christopher M. A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA graphite‐polyurethane composite electrode has been used for the determination of furosemide, a antihypertensive drug, in pharmaceutical samples by anodic oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to characterize the electrooxidation process at +1.0 V vs. SCE over a wide pH range, with the result that no adsorption of analyte or products occurs, unlike at other carbon‐based electrode materials. Quantification was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square‐wave voltammetry. Linear ranges were determined (up to 21 μmol L−1 with cyclic voltammetry) as well as limits of detection (0.15 μmol L−1 by differential pulse voltammetry). Four different types of commercial samples were successfully analyzed. Recovery tests were performed which agreed with those obtained by spectrophotometric evaluation. The advantages of this electrode material for repetitive analyzes, due to the fact that no electrode surface renewal is needed owing to the lack of adsorption, are highlighted.
A Study of Nafion‐Coated Bismuth‐Film Electrode for the Determination of Zinc, Lead, and Cadmium in Blood Samples
Authors: Liu Benzhi , Lu Liyuan , Wang Min , Zi Yanqin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this article a sensitive differential pulse stripping voltammetry technique on Nafion‐coated bismuth‐film electrode (NCBFE) was studied for the simultaneous determination of zinc, cadmium, and lead ions in blood samples at ultra trace levels. The measurement results were in excellent agreement with those obtained from atomic absorption spectroscopy. Various operational parameters were investigated and discussed in terms of their effect on the measurement signals. Under optimal conditions, calibration curves for the simultaneous determination of zinc, cadmium, and lead ions were achieved, based on three times the standard deviation of the baseline, the limits of detection were 0.09 μg L−1 for Cd(II), 0.13 μg L−1 for Pb(II), and 0.97 μg L−1 for Zn(II) respectively.
The Influence of Electrode Porosity on Diffusional Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Menshykau Denis , Compton Richard G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA simple generic model to predict the influence of electrode porosity on the cyclic voltammetric response of an electrode is presented. The conditions under which deviation from the behavior of a perfectly flat, planar electrode can be expected are predicted. The scope for misinterpretation when conventional flat electrode theory is applied to porous electrodes is highlighted, especially in respect to the extraction of electrode kinetic parameters and the influence of ‘electrocatalysis’.
Particulate‐laden‐SO2 scrubbing in a tapered bubble column
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Amitava , Biswas Manindra Nath 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe performance of a tapered bubble column that generates higher fractional gas hold up with least power consumption than existing systems under similar hydrodynamic conditions is reported in this article for particulate‐laden‐SO2 scrubbing. Firstly, quiescent batch studies were carried out to analyze SO2 removal at various initial particle concentrations. Results revealed that presence of particles improved the SO2 removal efficiency to about 14–27% that was elucidated by the facilitated adsorptive mass transport. The performance of the system was analyzed in subsequent experimentation operating it under continuous mode for particulate‐laden‐SO2 scrubbing using water and dilute NaOH. Results indicated that the removal efficiency of SO2 was improved to about 25%/(W/m3) due to change in the column geometry and to about 16.7%/(W/m3) due to presence of particles (fly‐ash) within the range of variables studied. The enhancement of removal of SO2 due to presence of particulate matter and that due to alkali scrubbing were quantified and compared. Operating regimes of maximum removal efficiencies (∼100%) of SO2 and particulates either alone or in combination were determined from experimental results. Empirical and semi‐empirical correlations were developed for predicting the scrubbing performances of the tapered column in water and dilute NaOH, respectively. Experimental values fitted excellently well with the predicted values. The superiority of the tapered bubble column over a conventional bubble column for scrubbing of particulates and SO2 either alone or in combination was described. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
A comparison of three methods to determine mobile station location in cellular communication systems
Authors: Simić Mirjana I. , Pejović Predrag V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThree methods to determine location of a mobile station in cellular communication systems are proposed and compared in this paper. The methods are introduced taking global system for mobile communications (GSM) networks as an example, although the results could be generalised for application in universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks. All three of the methods determine the mobile station location using coordinates of several base stations and corresponding timing advance (TA) parameter values. The values of the TA parameter are obtained applying the forced handover technique. The first method, the method of squares, locates the mobile station in a square region according to the data provided by one base station. The data are collected for several base stations and assembled such the mobile station is located in an intersection of the square regions, which takes a rectangular shape. This rectangle may be refined by the other two methods. The method of annuli locates the mobile station in an annular region, according to the definition of the TA parameter, while the method of circles locates the mobile station within a circular region. The region of the mobile station location is obtained as an intersection of the regions, again. In this manner, the area where the mobile station might be located is reduced. The mobile station coordinates are estimated applying a probabilistic approach, treating the mobile station coordinates as a two‐dimensional random variable. It is shown that the methods of squares and circles are robust, not being affected by indirect wave propagation, while the method of annuli provides the best localisation, but it is sensitive on indirect wave propagation. The methods are verified applying simulation of a real GSM network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of hyaluronan export attenuates cell migration and metastasis of human melanoma
Authors: Monz Katharina , Maas‐Kück Kathrin , Schumacher Udo , Schulz Tobias , Hallmann Rupert , Schnäker Eva Maria , Schneider Stefan W. , Prehm Peter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWhen secreted from malignant cells, hyaluronan facilitates tumor invasion and metastasis, as inhibition of its export by zaprinast inhibited metastasis formation in mice. However, the precise steps of the metastatic cascade, which were influenced by zaprinast, have not been identified as yet. Here we analyzed the cell biological effects of the inhibitor on three human melanoma cell lines that differed in their hyaluronan production and their metastatic capability when xenografted into SCID mice. We measured the influence of zaprinast on cellular hyaluronan export, surface coat formation, proliferation, random migration, colony formation in soft agar, adhesion, and transepithelial resistance. Concentrations of zaprinast not affecting cell proliferation, adhesion and transepithelial resistance, nevertheless reduced hyaluronan export by 50%, surface coat formation, random migration, and colony formation in soft agar. These results indicate that hyaluronan enhances metastasis formation primarily in those steps of the metastatic cascade, which involves tumor cell migration. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1260–1266, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel fair random access scheme with throughput optimization using fuzzy controller for wireless systems
Authors: Rizk M. R. M. , Dessouky M. I. , El‐Dolil Sami A. , Abd‐Elnaby Mohammed 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGood backoff algorithms should be able to achieve high channel throughput while maintaining fairness among active nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel backoff algorithm to improve the fairness of random access channels, while maximizing channel throughput. The mechanism of the proposed backoff algorithm uses backoff delay (retransmission delay) and channel‐offered traffic to dynamically control the backoff interval, so that each active node increases its backoff interval in the case of collision by a factor which exponentially decreases as the backoff delay increases, and decreases its backoff interval in the case of successful transmission by a factor which exponentially decreases as the backoff delay of previous retransmission attempts increases. Also, the backoff interval is controlled according to the channel offered, traffic using a fuzzy controller to maximize channel throughput. Furthermore, the operation of the proposed backoff algorithm does not depend on knowledge of the number of active nodes. A computer simulation is developed using MATLAB to evaluate the performance of the proposed backoff algorithm and compare it with the binary exponential backoff (BEB) scheme, which is widely used owing to its high channel throughput, while its fairness is relatively poor. It is shown that the proposed backoff algorithm significantly outperforms the BEB scheme in terms of improving the performance of fairness, and converges to the ideal performance as the minimum backoff interval increases, while achieving high channel throughput. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Building and solving matrix spectral problems
Authors: Ahues Mario , Largillier Alain 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWhen an infinite dimensional operator T: X → X is approximated with (a slight perturbation of) an operator Tn : X → X of finite rank less than or equal to n, the spectral elements of an auxiliary matrix Z ∈ ℂn ×n , lead to those of Tn, if they are computed exactly. This contribution covers a general theoretical framework for matrix problems issued from finite rank discretizations and perturbed variants, the stop criterion of the QR method for eigenvalues, the possibility of using the Newton method to compute a Schur form, and the use of Newton method to refine coarse approximate bases of spectral subspaces. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orientable and non‐orientable director fields for liquid crystals
Authors: Ball John M. , Zarnescu Arghir 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUniaxial nematic liquid crystals are often modelled using the Oseen‐Frank theory, in which the mean orientation of the rodlike molecules is described through a unit vector field n. This theory has the apparent drawback that it does not respect the head‐to‐tail symmetry in which n should be equivalent to −n; that is, instead of n taking values in the unit sphere 𝕊2, it should take values in the sphere with opposite points identified, i.e. in the real projective plane ℝP2. The Landau‐de Gennes theory respects this symmetry by working with the tensor Q = s (n ⊗ n − ⅓Id). In the case of a non‐zero constant scalar order parameter s the Landau‐de Gennes theory is equivalent to that of Oseen‐Frank when the director field is orientable.We report on a general study of when the director fields can be oriented, described in terms of the topology of the domain filled by the liquid crystal, the boundary data and the Sobolev space to which Q belongs. We also analyze the circumstances in which the non‐orientable configurations are energetically favoured over the orientable ones. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical schemes for kinematic flows with discontinuous flux
Authors: Bürger Raimund , García Antonio , Karlsen Kenneth H. , Towers John D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSpatially one‐dimensional kinematic flows arise in a series of applications including traffic flow and sedimentation. They lead to nonlinear systems of conservation law whose flux has an explicit “concentration times velocity” structure. A new family of simple numerical schemes which are adapted to this structure, and which handle fluxes that are discontinuous with respect to the space variable, is presented and in part analyzed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gradient systems and gradient‐like systems
Authors: Chill Ralph 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe briefly discuss existing results on convergence and nonconvergence to equilibrium of bounded solutions of gradient systems and gradient‐like systems. We especially raise the question of the influence of the ambient metric. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Guaranteed affine lower bound functions for multivariate polynomials
Authors: Garloff Jürgen , Smith Andrew P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe construction of affine lower bound functions for multivariate polynomials based on Bernstein polynomials is presented. These bound functions are guaranteed also in the presence of rounding errors and (interval) data uncertainties. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Method of multiple scales with three time scales
Authors: Kramer Peter , Khan Adnan , Stathos Philip , Lee DeVille R. E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSome confusion appears in the literature regarding the extension of the method of multiple scales to three or more time scales. While the work of Murdock and Wang [1] correctly indicates some obstructions to such an extension in some types of problems, other work suggests that the extension should almost never be possible [2]. These pessimistic results generally follow from the imposition of additional restrictions in the calculation, which really are not necessary [3]. We will show on some simple ODE models how a systematic implementation of the method of multiple scales can succeed in correctly capturing three active time scales, though more calculation is required than one might expect from naive considerations. On the other hand, an extension of the method of averaging to three time scales produces an incorrect approximation in these problems [4]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New theory of spatio‐temporal chaos in nonlinear systems of partial differential equations
Authors: A.Magnitskii Nikolai 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIt is shown that there exists one universal scenario of transition to chaos in three considered systems of nonlinear partial differential equations of diffusion type. It is the subharmonic cascade of bifurcations of two‐dimensional tori along one or both frequencies. So, it is shown that the new universal Feigenbaum‐Sharkovskii‐Magnitskii theory of dynamical chaos in nonlinear differential equations is applicable also for nonlinear partial differential equations of diffusion type. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Location of the shoulder joint centre and identification of the body segment parameters
Authors: Monnet Tony , Atchonouglo Kossi , Vallée Claude 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper presents two methods for human body modelisation: the location of the joint centre and the identification of the body segment inertial parameters. These methods require only tools usually used in biomechanics (force plate and motion analysis system) and allow to have precise and personal parameters. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On some nonlinear elliptic problems with an unknown measure data
Authors: Padial J.F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe prove the existence of a solution of some nonlinear elliptic problems with a Radon measure data. In contrast with the usual elliptic problem, this measure will be an unknown of the problem depending on the solution. We shall use a Minimax Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz argument. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling and measurand identification for theMise en Pratiqueof the kelvin
Authors: Pavese F. , Ichim D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA big variety of modelling requirements corresponds to the variety of definitions allowed by the ‘mise en pratique’ of the kelvin. They range from thermodynamic ones, requiring a correct physical modelling, to semi‐empirical, to empirical ones. Since temperature can be measured only by measuring another physical quantity, e.g., electrical resistance, pressure, a change in length, etc., the measurand related to each of the above definition must be correctly and clearly identified, which can be less obvious than it might look. The paper is introducing the general thermometric problem, limited to making the subsequent illustration of the problems concerning measurand identification and modelling issues understandable. Then it summarises, mainly referring to the literature, the procedures to correctly and clearly identify the measurand of each given definition, with examples of possible ambiguities, and illustrates the characteristics of the main families of models suitable for use in temperature scales, used or candidates for use as ‘mises en pratique’ of the kelvin, from the viewpoint of the metrologist, concerning either the mathematical requirements and the requirements of the statistical treatment of the experimental temperature data. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical simulation of wind turbine rotors aerodynamics
Authors: Redchyts' Dmytro O. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe report covers the typical aspects of numerical simulation of aerodynamics and dynamics of wind turbines rotors such as selection of initial mathematical model and model of turbulence, selection of the numerical method, verification and testing of developed CFD codes, post‐processing and visualization of obtained results. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent additions to SLEPc, the Scalable Library for Eigenvalue Problem computations
Authors: Roman Jose E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSLEPc is a software library for the solution of large, sparse eigenvalue problems on parallel computers. We have recently extended its functionality by incorporating a Krylov‐Schur eigensolver and a module for singular value computation. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A new approach to analysis of free beam vibrations
Authors: Saurin V. , Kostin G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBased on the linear theory of elasticity and the method of integrodifferential relations a countable system of ordinary differential equations is derived to describe longitudinal and lateral free vibrations of rectilinear beams. In the approach under consideration the stress‐strain relation is specified by an integral equality instead of the local Hooke's law. After expansion of unknown stress and displacement functions in polynomial series with respect to transversal Cartesian coordinates and system decomposition due to domain symmetry the consistent boundary value problems are solved. The influence of geometrical and elastic characteristics of rectilinear beams on eigenfrequencies is investigated. The various kinds of longitudinal and lateral free motions are found out in the models under study. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Jacobi–Davidson like method for nonlinear eigenvalue problems based on singularity theory
Authors: Schreiber Kathrin , Schwetlick Hubert 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present a Jacobi–Davidson like correction formula for left and right eigenvector approximations for non‐Hermitian nonlinear eigenvalue problems. It exploits techniques from singularity theory for characterizing singular points of nonlinear equations. Unlike standard nonlinear Jacobi‐Davidson, the correction formula does not contain derivative information and works with orthogonal projectors only. Moreover, the basic method is modified in that the new eigenvalue approximation is taken as a nonlinear Rayleigh functional obtained as root of a certain scalar nonlinear equation the existence of which – as well as a first order perturbation expansion – is shown. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)