bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trait‐Specific Improvement of a Cytoplasmic Male‐Sterile Line Using Molecular Marker‐Assisted Selection in Rice
Authors: Gao F. Y. , Lu X. J. , Wang W. M. , Sun S. S. , Li Z. H. , Li H. J. , Ren G. J. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTTo specifically improve preharvest sprouting (PHS) and amylose content (AC) in the cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) line G46A, two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, RM3754 and RM447, that are closely linked to qPSR8, a major quantitative trait locus for PHS, were adopted to select for reduced PHS; SSR marker 484/485, which is tightly linked to the waxy gene, was used to select for AC. In the backcross progenies with G46B, the maintainer of G46A, as recurrent parent and ‘Lemont’ as donor parent, most plants with a homozygous Lemont allele at both RM3754 and RM447 showed good PHS resistance. Amylose content in the progeny of G46B/Lemont was significantly related to a difference in alleles at the 484/485 locus. Based on agronomic trait performance and evaluation for PHS and AC, 28 elite lines obtained from the BC3F5 generation were then used in further backcross schemes to breed improved CMS lines. Subsequently, two improved CMS lines showed traits similar to G46A but with improved PHS resistance and intermediate AC.
Phospholipase A2 Activity during Cold Acclimation of Wheat
Authors: Skinner Daniel Z. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe temperature lethal to 50% of the plants (LT50) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity levels were investigated in three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines that had been cold acclimated 0 to 5 wks at 3°C. In the cold‐tolerant winter wheat ‘Eltan’, the level of PLA2 activity increased significantly during the first week of cold acclimation, but activity did not increase until the second week of acclimation in cold‐sensitive winter wheat Oregon Feed Wheat #5 and spring wheat ‘Louise’. The PLA2 activity declined in all lines by the end of 4 wks of acclimation. The LT50 decreased (greater freezing tolerance) during the time that PLA2 levels were elevated and then increased concomitant with decreased PLA2 activity. A chilling treatment of −5°C for 45 min resulted in elevated PLA2 activity in nonacclimated Eltan, as well as in all three wheat lines that had been acclimated for 1 wk, but not in plants that had been acclimated for more than 1 wk. These results suggest that PLA2 activity is involved in response to cold temperature in wheat, but the intrinsic level of freezing tolerance and the level of acclimation reached by the plants mediates its activity.
Bulked Segregant Analysis Using the GoldenGate Assay to Locate the Rpp3 Locus that Confers Resistance to Soybean Rust in Soybean
Authors: Hyten David L. , Smith James R. , Frederick Reid D. , Tucker Mark L. , Song Qijian , Cregan Perry B. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTFew resistance loci to soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd., have been genetically mapped and linked to molecular markers that can be used for marker assisted selection. New technologies are available for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping that can be used to rapidly map traits controlled by single loci such as resistance to SBR. Our objective was to demonstrate that the high‐throughput SNP genotyping method known as the GoldenGate assay can be used to perform bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to find candidate regions to facilitate efficient mapping of a dominant resistant locus to SBR designated Rpp3 We used a 1536 SNP GoldenGate assay to perform BSA followed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) mapping in an F2 population segregating for SBR resistance conditioned by Rpp3 A 13‐cM region on linkage group C2 was the only candidate region identified with BSA. Subsequent F2 mapping placed Rpp3 between SSR markers BARC_Satt460 and BARC_Sat_263 on linkage group C2 which is the same region identified by BSA. These results suggest that the GoldenGate assay was successful at implementing BSA, making it a powerful tool to quickly map qualitative traits since the GoldenGate assay is capable of screening 1536 SNPs on 192 DNA samples in three days.
New Approach Toward Fast Response Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Neutral Iridium Complexes via Cation Transport
Authors: Kwon Tae‐Hyuk , Oh Yong Ho , Shin Ik‐Soo , Hong Jong‐In 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHere, a new method is presented to increase the turn‐on time and stability of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). To this end, a neutral iridium complex (5) containing a pendant Na+ ion that is generally known to have a faster mobility in the solid film than bulky anions is introduced, instead of the classic ionic transition metal complex (iTMC) with counter anion (7). Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical studies of these complexes are reported. In the device configuration of ITO/5 or 7+PEO (polyethylene oxide) (100–110 nm)/Au, as the voltage increases, complex 5 emits red light at −3.6 V while complex 7 appears at –5.6 V, although their electrochemical and photophysical gap are similar. Furthermore, at constant voltage, –3 V, the turn‐on time of complex 5 was less than 0.5 min, which is a 60‐fold faster turn‐on time compared to the iTMC (7) with PF6−. These results are presumably due to the faster delivery of the Na+ ions to the electrode compared to PF6− ions. Also, the device lifetime of complex 5 exhibits a six‐fold increase in stability and a three‐fold shorter time to reach maximum brightness at constant bias compared to the device made with complex 7.
Stacking the Nanochemistry Deck: Structural and Compositional Diversity in One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals
Authors: Bonifacio Leonardo D. , Lotsch Bettina V. , Puzzo Daniel P. , Scotognella Francesco , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOne‐dimensional photonic structures, known as Bragg stacks or Bragg reflectors or Bragg mirrors, represent a well‐developed subject in the field of optical science. However, because of a lack of dynamic tunability and their dependence on complex top‐down techniques for their fabrication, they have received little attention from the materials science community. Herein, we present recent and ongoing developments on the way to functional one‐dimensional photonic structures obtained from simple bottom‐up techniques. We focus on the versatility of this new approach, which allows the incorporation of a wide range of materials into photonic structures.
Heritability of neurocognitive traits in familial schizophrenia
Authors: Husted Janice A. , Lim Sooyeol , Chow Eva W.C. , Greenwood Celia , Bassett Anne S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNeurocognitive deficits are considered promising endophenotypes for gene discovery in schizophrenia. Understanding the heritability and genetic inter‐relationships of neurocognitive traits could support their use as alternatives to diagnosis. Participants were 85 adults from 17 multiplex Canadian families with familial schizophrenia linked to 1q23 who had neurocognitive testing results available. Heritability of 13 standard measures assessing motor skills, processing speed, verbal, and visuospatial memory, attention/working memory, executive functioning, and IQ was estimated using variance component models and SOLAR software. We then investigated bivariate relationships between those variables found to be heritable. IQ showed the highest heritability (h2 = 0.64–0.74) and seven other neurocognitive measures, reflecting immediate and delayed verbal memory, attention/working memory, delayed visual memory, processing speed and motor skills, showed significant heritability (h2 = 0.31–0.62) under one or more of the models assessed. A schizophrenia diagnostic covariate was significant (P < 0.0001) for all heritable variables. Bivariate analyses suggested that memory‐IQ and visuomotor‐processing speed formed two groups of heritable traits. The results provide further evidence of the heritability of selected neurocognitive measures, and their relationship to schizophrenia and underlying genetic architecture. Composite measures of memory or processing speed may be heritable phenotypes useful for studies of neurocognition. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reaction of a Metallamacrocycle Leading to a Mercury(II)⋅⋅⋅Palladium(II)⋅⋅⋅Mercury(II) Interaction
Authors: Sharma Sagar , Baligar Rajesh S. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMetallophile Wechselwirkung: Ein aus Bis(o‐formylphenyl)quecksilber und 1,2‐Phenylendiamin erhaltener, 22‐gliedriger Makrocyclus reagiert mit Palladium(II) unter Spaltung des Makrocyclus und gleichzeitiger Bildung eines Trimetallkomplexes (siehe Bild; die Phenylringe sind nur ausschnittsweise gezeigt). Die Art der HgII⋅⋅⋅PdII⋅⋅⋅HgII‐Wechselwirkung wurde in theoretischen Studien untersucht.magnified image
Formation of Patches on 3D SAMs Driven by Thiols with Immiscible Chains Observed by ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gentilini Cristina , Franchi Paola , Mileo Elisabetta , Polizzi Stefano , Lucarini Marco , Pasquato Lucia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMehr als nur Streifen: Die außergewöhnliche Lipophobie von perfluorierten Ketten löst in dreidimensionalen selbstorganisierten Monoschichten von amphiphilen Alkylthiolaten die Bildung „sternfömiger“ Strukturen (oder Flecken) aus. Diese Strategie führte zur ersten wasserlöslichen kompartimentierten Monoschicht auf einem Goldkern.magnified image
Evidence for a Stereoelectronic Effect in Human Oxygen Sensing
Authors: Loenarz Christoph , Mecinović Jasmin , Chowdhury Rasheduzzaman , McNeill Luke A. , Flashman Emily , Schofield Christopher J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWarum sind PHDs spezifisch: Die Hydroxylierung von Prolin in trans‐4‐Stellung verläuft beim Transkriptionsfaktor HIF unter stereochemischer Retention. Studien mit Substratanaloga zeigen, wie das Von‐Hippel‐Lindau‐Tumorsuppressorprotein (pVHL) und als Sauerstoffsensoren wirkende Hydroxylasen (PHDs) eine Spezifität für in einer Proteinsequenz befindliche Hydroxyprolyl/Prolyl‐Reste der C4‐exo/endo‐Prolyl‐Konformationen ausbilden.magnified image
STM Insight into Hydrogen‐Bonded Bicomponent 1 D Supramolecular Polymers with Controlled Geometries at the Liquid–Solid Interface
Authors: Ciesielski Artur , Schaeffer Gaël , Petitjean Anne , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Samorì Paolo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSupramolekulare Zweikomponentenpolymere aus sich abwechselnden Molekülen, die über sechs H‐Brücken verbunden sind, wurden durch STM an der Fest‐flüssig‐Grenzfläche nachgewiesen. Die geometrischen Merkmale der 1D‐Architekturen ließen sich über die Verwendung zweier unterschiedlich starrer verknüpfender Moleküle einstellen; es entstanden entweder lineare (links) oder Zickzackmotive (rechts).magnified image
Iridium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Trifluoromethylated Compounds with Alkenes: A CH Bond Activation α to the Trifluoromethyl Group
Authors: Guo Yong , Zhao Xiaming , Zhang Dazhi , Murahashi Shun‐Ichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAtomökonomische Katalyse: Die Verwendung von Iridium‐ oder Rutheniumkatalysatoren für die C‐H‐Bindungsaktivierung ermöglicht die Addition trifluormethylierter Verbindungen an Alkene (siehe Schema). Diese atomökonomische Reaktion verläuft unter neutralen Reaktionsbedingungen und selbst bei hoher Temperatur ohne Bildung unerwünschter Defluorierungsprodukte.magnified image
A Bistable Poly[2]catenane Forms Nanosuperstructures
Authors: Olson Mark A. , Braunschweig Adam B. , Fang Lei , Ikeda Taichi , Klajn Rafal , Trabolsi Ali , Wesson Paul J. , Benítez Diego , Mirkin Chad A. , Grzybowski Bartosz A. , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSide‐chain poly[2]catenanes at the click of a switch! A bistable side‐chain poly[2]catenane has been synthesized and found to form hierarchical self‐assembled hollow superstructures of nanoscale dimensions in solution. Molecular electromechanical switching (see picture) of the material is demonstrated, and the ground‐state equilibrium thermodynamics and switching kinetics are examined as the initial steps towards processible molecular‐based electronic devices and nanoelectromechanical systems.magnified image
Formation of Patches on 3D SAMs Driven by Thiols with Immiscible Chains Observed by ESR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gentilini Cristina , Franchi Paola , Mileo Elisabetta , Polizzi Stefano , Lucarini Marco , Pasquato Lucia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBeyond stripes: The extreme lipophobicity of perfluorinated chains attached to amphiphilic thiolates triggers the formation of “stars” (or patches) surrounded by amphiphilic alkylthiolates in three‐dimensional self‐assembled monolayers. This strategy led to the first example of a water‐soluble multicompartment monolayer wrapped around a gold core.magnified image
Shape‐Selective Interception by Hydrocarbons of the O2‐Derived Oxidant of a Biomimetic Nonheme Iron Complex
Authors: Mukherjee Anusree , Martinho Marlène , Bominaar Emile L. , Münck Eckard , Que Lawrence 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPicky ferryl: The complex [Fe(Tp)(BF)] (Tp=hydrotris(3,5‐diphenylpyrazolyl)borate; BF=benzoylformate) reacts with O2 to generate an oxidant (see picture; O red, pink; Fe yellow; N blue; C gray; H white) that oxidizes added hydrocarbons shape‐selectively. Discrimination derives from a cleft formed by two phenyl groups of the Tp ligand, favoring oblate spheroidal substrates.magnified image
Pregnancy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Do regulatory T cells play a role?
Authors: Förger Frauke , Villiger Peter M. , Østensen Monika 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the numerical and functional changes of CD4+CD25high regulatory T (Treg) cells during pregnancy and postpartum in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsThe frequency of CD4+CD25high T cells was determined by flow cytometry in 10 pregnant and 5 nonpregnant patients with AS as well as in 14 pregnant and 4 nonpregnant healthy controls. Pregnant individuals were investigated at the third trimester and 8 weeks postpartum. Treg cells and CD4+CD25− effector T (Teff) cells separated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting were stimulated with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 monoclonal antibodies, alone or in coculture, to investigate proliferation and cytokine secretion.ResultsThe frequency of CD4+CD25high Treg cells was significantly higher during pregnancy than postpartum in both healthy control subjects and patients with AS. In contrast to Treg cells in healthy pregnant women, Treg cells in pregnant women with AS secreted only small amounts of interleukin‐10 and showed lower suppression of tumor necrosis factor α and interferon‐γ secretion by CD4+CD25− Teff cells. At the postpartum time point, proinflammatory cytokine levels in the Treg/Teff cell cocultures and Teff cell monocultures were significantly higher in patients with AS than in healthy controls.ConclusionPregnancy influenced the expansion and cytokine secretion of Treg cells in both patients with AS and control subjects. However, the Treg cells of pregnant patients with AS failed to support an antiinflammatory cytokine milieu, thereby possibly contributing to the persistent disease activity of AS during pregnancy.
Serum uric acid level as an independent risk factor for all‐cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic stroke mortality: A chinese cohort study
Authors: Chen Jiunn‐Horng , Chuang Shao‐Yuan , Chen Hsin‐Jen , Yeh Wen‐Ting , Pan Wen‐Harn 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular events has been documented in high‐risk groups, but is still undetermined in general populations, especially Chinese. This study assessed the temporal association between serum uric acid level, hyperuricemia, and cardiovascular mortality.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 41,879 men and 48,514 women ages ≥35 years was conducted using data from the MJ Health Screening Centers in Taiwan. Mortality from all causes, total cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, hypertensive disease, and coronary heart disease were compared according to increasing serum uric acid levels.ResultsA total of 1,151 (21.2%) events of 5,427 total deaths were ascribed to CVD (mean followup 8.2 years). Hazard ratios (HRs) for hyperuricemia (serum uric acid level >7 mg/dl) were estimated with Cox regression model after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, cholesterol, triglycerides, diabetes, hypertension, heavy cigarette smoking, and frequent alcohol consumption. In all patients, HRs were 1.16 (P < 0.001) for all‐cause mortality, 1.39 (P < 0.001) for total CVD, and 1.35 (P = 0.02) for ischemic stroke. In subgroup analysis, the HRs for cardiovascular risk remained significant in patients with hypertension (1.44, P < 0.001) and in patients with diabetes (1.64, P < 0.001). In addition, in a low metabolic risk subgroup, the HRs for all‐cause mortality and total cardiovascular morbidity were 1.24 (P = 0.02) and 1.48 (P = 0.16), respectively.ConclusionHyperuricemia was an independent risk factor of mortality from all causes, total CVD, and ischemic stroke in the Taiwanese general population, in high‐risk groups, and potentially in low‐risk groups.
Incidence and clinical predictors of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: A population‐based study
Authors: Wilson Floranne C. , Icen Murat , Crowson Cynthia S. , McEvoy Marian T. , Gabriel Sherine E. , Kremers Hilal Maradit 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and disease‐specific predictors of clinically recognized psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with psoriasis.MethodsWe identified an incidence cohort of psoriasis subjects age ≥18 years diagnosed between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 1999 in a population‐based setting. Psoriasis diagnoses were validated by confirmatory diagnosis in the medical record. Incident and clinically recognized PsA subjects were classified according to the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify predictors of PsA within the psoriasis cohort.ResultsThe psoriasis incidence cohort comprised 1,633 subjects. Of these, 40 were diagnosed with PsA concurrently with psoriasis and were excluded from analysis. The remaining 1,593 psoriasis subjects had a mean age of 43 years and 50% were men. Over 20,936 person‐years of followup, 57 subjects were clinically recognized with new‐onset PsA, with a cumulative incidence of 1.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.0–2.3%), 3.1% (95% CI 2.2–4.1%), and 5.1% (95% CI 3.7–6.6%) at 5, 10, and 20 years following psoriasis incidence, respectively. Psoriasis features associated with higher risk of PsA were scalp lesions (hazard ratio [HR] 3.89, 95% CI 2.18–6.94), nail dystrophy (HR 2.93, 95% CI 1.68–5.12), and intergluteal/perianal lesions (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.32–4.19). Calendar year was not associated with risk of PsA (P = 0.15), indicating that the likelihood of PsA in psoriasis subjects did not change over time.ConclusionIn this population‐based study, <10% of patients with psoriasis developed clinically recognized PsA during a 30‐year period. Psoriasis features associated with a higher likelihood of PsA were nail dystrophy, scalp lesions, and intergluteal/perianal psoriasis.
Economic burden of knee and hip osteoarthritis in spain
Authors: Loza Estibaliz , Lopez‐Gomez Juan Miguel , Abasolo Lydia , Maese Jesús , Carmona Loreto , Batlle‐Gualda Enrique ,   Artrocad Study Group
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the direct and indirect osteoarthritis (OA)–attributable costs and predictors of costs of knee and hip OA in Spain.MethodsThis study included consecutive patients age ≥50 years with symptomatic and radiologic knee and/or hip OA who were seen at primary care centers in all provinces of Spain. Information on demographics, health status (Short Form 12 Health Survey), comorbidities (Charlson Index), clinical (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]) and radiologic OA severity (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] scale), data related to OA health resources utilization (medical and nonmedical), and subjects' and caregivers' expenses and time lost in the previous 6 months were collected in 2 separate, structured, and detailed interviews. Costs in euros were assigned using market prices and official sources if available, and were annualized (to 2007). The predictors of costs were assessed in multivariate regression models. Costs were log‐transformed before being modeled.ResultsA total of 1,071 subjects were analyzed (74% women, mean ± SD age 71 ± 9 years). Average total annual costs were €1,502 per patient. Direct costs accounted for 86% of the total cost. We estimated a national cost of €4,738 million, representing 0.5% of the gross national product. Higher total costs were associated with comorbidity (Charlson Index odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03–1.58), poorer health status (P < 0.050), worse WOMAC scores (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03–1.08), and grade 4 K/L scores (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.15–2.69).ConclusionThe economic burden of knee and hip OA is substantial. Costs increased with comorbidity, poorer health status, and clinical and radiologic OA severity.
Variation in age and physical status prior to total knee and hip replacement surgery: A comparison of centers in Australia and Europe
Authors: Ackerman Ilana N. , Dieppe Paul A. , March Lyn M. , Roos Ewa M. , Nilsdotter Anna K. , Brown Graeme C. , Sloan Karen E. , Osborne Richard H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether variation exists in the preoperative age, pain, stiffness, and physical function of people undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) at several centers in Australia and Europe.MethodsIndividual Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index data (range 0–100, where 0 = best and 100 = worst) collected within 6 weeks prior to primary TKR and THR were extracted from 16 centers (n = 2,835) according to specified eligibility criteria. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate differences in pain, stiffness, and physical function between centers, with adjustment for age and sex.ResultsThere was marked variation in the age of people undergoing surgery between the centers (TKR mean age 67–73 years; F[6,1004] = 4.21, P < 0.01, and THR mean age 63–72 years; F[14,1807] = 7.27, P < 0.01). Large differences in preoperative status were observed between centers, most notably for pain (TKR adjusted mean pain 52.5–61.1; F[6,1002] = 4.26, P < 0.01, and THR adjusted mean pain 49.2–65.7; F[14,1802] = 8.44, P < 0.01) and physical function (TKR adjusted mean function 52.7–61.4; F[6,1002] = 5.27, P < 0.01, and THR adjusted mean function 53.3–71.0; F[14,1802] = 6.71, P < 0.01). Large effect sizes (up to 0.98) reflect the magnitude of variation between centers and highlight the clinical relevance of these findings.ConclusionThe large variations in age and preoperative status indicate substantial differences in the timing of joint replacement across the centers studied, with potential for compromised surgical outcomes due to premature or delayed surgery. Possible contributing factors include patient preferences, the absence of concrete indications for surgery, and the capacity of the health care systems.