bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Activities, DFT and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from Sulfamethoxypyridazine
Authors: Wajid Muhammad , Uzair Muhammad , Muhammad Gulzar , Siddique Farhan , Ashraf Adnan , Ahmad Sajjad , Alasmari Abdullah F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study reported the synthesis and biological activities of sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMPR) Schiff bases (SBs) with different aromatic aldehydes. The antimicrobial potential of SBs against various pathogenic strains (S. epidermidis,E. coli,S. agalactiae, S. aureus,S. typhi, K. pneumoniae,C. albicans, andC. tropicalis) was explored by disc diffusion method. The antidiabetic potential was monitored by inhibition ofα‐amylase,α‐glucosidase, and anti‐inflammatory activity was studied by protein denaturation assay. The binding of protein with SBs was determined by MOE docking. The synthesized SBs reveal significant antimicrobial potential against all strains (pvalues<0.0001) better than the parent drug SMPR but less than amoxicillin. The synthesized SBs exhibited reasonable inhibition potential againstα‐glucosidase,α‐amylase, and anti‐inflammatory activity. The derivative10 adepicted antioxidant (IC50value 12.18 μg/mL) and anti‐inflammatory (IC50value 49.37 μg/mL) even better than standard ascorbic acid and diclofenac sodium (IC50values 49.92 and 123.81 μg/mL), respectively. Molecular docking results revealed that synthesized SBs have good binding affinities towards different receptor proteins and results support our experimental results. The electronic properties have been calculated using density function theory (DFT) to determine the chemical reactivity of studied compounds. The low energy gap between Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) revealed the significant chemical reactivity of compounds8 aand10 a, among other compounds.
[CMMIM][BF4] as a Sustainable Catalyst for Spirooxindoles Synthesis via One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction: Insights into their Photophysical Properties and Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Kali Venkatesan , Maiti Barnali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study shows an effective approach for the synthesis of spirooxindole‐pyrans and bis‐spirooxindole‐pyrans derivatives using 5 mol % of [CMMIM][BF4] ionic liquid. The synthesis of a library of 28 derivatives was accomplished with impressive yields, ranging from 81 % to 97 %. The derivatives were successfully characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, FT‐IR, and high‐resolution mass spectral techniques. In addition, the photophysical properties of 17 selected derivatives, including the molar extinction coefficient (ϵ) and the Stokes shift (Δυ̅), have been investigated. The values for spirooxindole‐pyrans vary between 14863 to 47372 and 5516 to 9766 cm−1, respectively. On the other hand, the corresponding values vary from 30871 to 57622 and 9199 to 13351 cm−1 for bis‐spirooxindole‐pyrans. Furthermore, the experimental data is supported by density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT calculations. The theoretical studies conducted demonstrated a trend remarkably consistent with the experimental results.
Critical role of endoplasmic reticulum stress on bisphenol A‐induced cytotoxicity in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells
Authors: Kim Sou Hyun , Kang Dong Wan , Kwon Doyoung , Jung Young‐Suk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in plastic and paper products, and its exposure can occur through skin contact or oral ingestion. The hazardous effects of BPA absorbed through the skin may be more severe; however, few studies have investigated the skin toxicity of BPA. This study investigated the effects of BPA on human epidermal keratinocyte cell lines, which is relevant for skin exposure. BPA treatment reduced cell viability in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner and elevated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an oxidative stress inhibitor, reduced BPA‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. However, only 10% of the decreased cell viability was restored at the highest NAC concentration. Treatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which is an ER stress inhibitor, effectively countered the increase in ER stress‐related proteins induced by BPA. Moreover, TUDCA treatment led to a reduction in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the decrease in ROS levels, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and modulation of stress signaling proteins. Consequently, TUDCA significantly improved BPA‐induced cytotoxicity in a concentration‐dependent manner. Notably, combined treatment using TUDCA and NAC further reduced the BPA‐induced ROS levels; however, no significant difference in cell viability was observed compared with that for TUDCA treatment alone. These findings indicated that the oxidative stress observed following BPA exposure was exacerbated by ER stress. Moreover, the principal factor driving BPA‐induced cytotoxicity was indeed ER stress, which has potential implications for developing therapeutic strategies for diseases associated with similar stress responses.
Attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccination status disclosure in the provider–patient relationship: Findings from a population survey
Authors: Badahdah Abdallah M. , Viskupič Filip , Wiltse David L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic ignited heated discussions on social media as well as in the medical, legal, and political communities, about whether health‐care providers should have the right to refuse to see unvaccinated patients. Another discussed idea during the pandemic, though it attracted less attention, was about patients' right to learn about the vaccination status of their health‐care providers. In this paper, we examined public attitudes toward these two rights using data from a cross‐sectional survey conducted in South Dakota in the summer of 2021. We utilized registration‐based sampling to recruit participants. The survey collected data on some of the most significant variables reported in the literature that shape people's attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccines. Specifically, participants provided information on their age, gender, educational level, household income, COVID‐19 vaccination status, stress induced by the pandemic, and political partisan identification. The health‐care providers' rights as well as the patients' rights were gauged with one item each using a five‐point Likert scale. We analyzed data from 573 respondents (Mage = 56.6 years, SD = 16.48), which showed that older participants, those with higher levels of COVID‐19‐related stress, and vaccinated individuals expressed higher support, while Republicans expressed lower support for the two policies. Gender, education, and income did not influence participants' attitudes. Although the findings might have limited generalizability to populations outside South Dakota, they offer valuable insights for developing comprehensive ethical codes where vaccination status might be at the center stage for clinician‐patient relationships in future pandemic responses.
The curious case of the disappearing piRNAs
Authors: Sarkies Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmall non‐coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression across eukaryotes. Piwi‐interacting small RNAs (piRNAs) are a specific type of small non‐coding RNAs, conserved across animals, which are best known as regulators of genome stability through their ability to target transposable elements for silencing. Despite the near ubiquitous presence of piRNAs in animal lineages, there are some examples where the piRNA pathway has been lost completely, most dramatically in nematodes where loss has occurred in at least four independent lineages. In this perspective I will provide an evaluation of the presence of piRNAs across animals, explaining how it is known that piRNAs are missing from certain organisms. I will then consider possible explanations for why the piRNA pathway might have been lost and evaluate the evidence in favor of each possible mechanism. While it is still impossible to provide definitive answers, these theories will prompt further investigations into why such a highly conserved pathway can nevertheless become dispensable in certain lineages.This article is categorized under:
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Biogenesis of Effector Small RNAs
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
Investigation of rare‐metal granites, pegmatites, and metasomatites minerals of Mongolia by scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray electron probe microanalysis methods
Authors: Belozerova Olga Yu. , Antipin Victor S. , Kushch Larisa V. , Odgerel D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe multicomponent technique of x‐ray electron probe microanalysis for rock‐forming and minor minerals of granites, pegmatites, and metasomatites was developed using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x‐ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) methods. The conditions for excitation and recording of elements analytical lines were chosen taking into account the properties of the investigated material. The distortion of analytical signal due to the effect of mutual overlapping of determined elements analytical lines was corrected using overlap coefficients, previously determined on the samples that did not contain the determined element. An assessment of metrological characteristics of EPMA technique showed, that it satisfies the requirements for the second category of quality of quantitative determinations and the second category of analyses adopted in the International Program for Professional Testing of Geoanalytical Laboratories (GeoPT). This developed technique was used for studying rare‐metal granites, pegmatites, and metasomatites of Central Mongolia (multiphase Baga Gazriin massif).
Fear and Threat
Authors: Hughes David A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWestern governments have long used manufactured fear as a means of keeping the population susceptible to propaganda. A “pandemic” is a powerful fear concept; yet, there is no credible evidence of a viral pandemic in 2020. “Covid-19” does not meet any credible (pre-2009) definition of a “pandemic,” and attempts to present “Covid-19” as a new “Spanish flu” are bogus. The exaggerated threat of “Covid-19” was a function of military-grade propaganda, emanating from governments and the media, involving a barrage of terrifying images, messages, and “alert levels.” The BBC played a particularly culpable role in spreading fear. Death statistics were manipulated. Propaganda about hospitals being overwhelmed by “Covid-19” admissions camouflaged a sinister attack on public health. The primary purpose of face masks and PCR tests was to spread fear. Waves of fear/terror were sent by “new variants,” “immunity escape,” and the open letter by Geert Vanden Bossche. The spurious concept of “long Covid” projects the danger out into the future.
Deligne Categories and Representations of the Finite General Linear Group, Part 1: Universal Property
Authors: Entova-Aizenbud Inna , Heidersdorf Thorsten 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the Deligne interpolation categories $$\underline{\textrm{Rep}}(GL_{t}({\mathbb F}_q))$$

Rep
̲

(
G

L
t

(

F
q

)

)

for $$t\in \mathbb {C}$$

t
∈
C

, first introduced by F. Knop. These categories interpolate the categories of finite-dimensional complex representations of the finite general linear group $$GL_n(\mathbb {F}_q)$$

G

L
n

(

F
q

)

. We describe the morphism spaces in this category via generators and relations. We show that the generating object of this category (an analogue of the representation $${\mathbb C}{\mathbb F}_q^n$$

C

F
q
n

of $$GL_n(\mathbb {F}_q)$$

G

L
n

(

F
q

)

) carries the structure of a Frobenius algebra with a compatible $${\mathbb F}_q$$

F
q

-linear structure; we call such objects $$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

-linear Frobenius spaces and show that $$\underline{\textrm{Rep}}(GL_{t}({\mathbb F}_q))$$

Rep
̲

(
G

L
t

(

F
q

)

)

is the universal symmetric monoidal category generated by such an $$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

-linear Frobenius space of categorical dimension t. In the second part of the paper, we prove a similar universal property for a category of representations of $$GL_{\infty }(\mathbb {F}_q)$$

G

L
∞

(

F
q

)

.
Rates of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions using a modified Markman’s infusion protocol as primary prophylaxis
Authors: Symons Rebecca , Heath Fiona , Duggan Jennifer , Bui Kim Tam , Byun Lily , Friedlander Michael , Lee Yeh Chen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Markman’s desensitisation protocol allows successful retreatment of patients who have had significant paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions. We aimed to reduce the risk and severity of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions by introducing this protocol as primary prophylaxis.

Methods
We evaluated all patients with a gynaecological malignancy receiving paclitaxel before (December 2018 to September 2019) and after (October 2019 to July 2020) the implementation of a modified Markman’s desensitisation protocol. The pre-implementation group received paclitaxel over a gradually up-titrated rate from 60 to 180 ml/h. The post-implementation group received paclitaxel via 3 fixed-dose infusion bags in the first 2 cycles. Rates and severity of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions were compared.

Results
A total of 426 paclitaxel infusions were administered to 78 patients. The median age was 64 years (range 34–81), and the most common diagnosis was ovarian, fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer (67%, n = 52/78). Paclitaxel hypersensitivity reaction rates were similar in the pre-implementation (8%, n = 16/195) and post-implementation groups (9%, n = 20/231; p = 0.87). Most paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions occurred within 30 min (pre- vs. post-implementation, 88% [n = 14/16] vs. 75% [n = 15/20]; p = 0.45) and were grade 2 in severity (pre- vs. post-implementation, 81% [n = 13/16] vs. 75% [n = 15/20]; p = 0.37). There was one grade 3 paclitaxel hypersensitivity reaction in the pre-implementation group. All patients were successfully rechallenged in the post-implementation group compared to 81% (n = 13/16) in the pre-implementation group (p = 0.43).

Conclusion
The modified Markman’s desensitisation protocol as primary prophylaxis did not reduce the rate or severity of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions, although all patients could be successfully rechallenged.
An experimental design for comparing interactive methods based on their desirable properties
Authors: Afsar Bekir , Silvennoinen Johanna , Ruiz Francisco , Ruiz Ana B. , Misitano Giovanni , Miettinen Kaisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn multiobjective optimization problems, Pareto optimal solutions representing different tradeoffs cannot be ordered without incorporating preference information of a decision maker (DM). In interactive methods, the DM takes an active part in the solution process and provides preference information iteratively. Between iterations, the DM can learn how achievable the preferences are, learn about the tradeoffs, and adjust the preferences. Different interactive methods have been proposed in the literature, but the question of how to select the best-suited method for a problem to be solved remains partly open. We propose an experimental design for evaluating interactive methods according to several desirable properties related to the cognitive load experienced by the DM, the method’s ability to capture preferences and its responsiveness to changes in the preferences, the DM’s satisfaction in the overall solution process, and their confidence in the final solution. In the questionnaire designed, we connect each questionnaire item to be asked with a relevant research question characterizing these desirable properties of interactive methods. We also conduct a between-subjects experiment to compare three interactive methods and report interesting findings. In particular, we find out that trade-off-free methods may be more suitable for exploring the whole set of Pareto optimal solutions, while classification-based methods seem to work better for fine-tuning the preferences to find the final solution.
Marine heatwave promotes population expansion of the invasive ascidian Symplegma brakenhielmi
Authors: Spyksma Arie J. P. , Miller Kelsey I. , Shears Nick T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global increase in frequency and severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is highlighting the impact these extreme climatic events can have on marine ecosystems. Throughout the summer of 2021/2022 northeastern Aotearoa/New Zealand suffered an unprecedented MHW. Worst impacted areas, such as the semi-enclosed Te Moananui-ā-Toi/Tīkapa Moana/Hauraki Gulf, experienced more than three continual months of temperatures at or above the climatological mean maximum (20.7 °C). During this period, we observed a rapid increase in the abundance and cover of the invasive, warm-affinity colonial ascidian Symplegma brakenhielmi on temperate rocky reefs. Population expansion of this species has not previously been linked to MHW events. Benthic monitoring as water temperatures cooled showed a sharp decrease in S. brakenhielmi abundance, but not complete disappearance, and the coverage of individually monitored colonies also declined. There was no observed increase in abundance or cover throughout the summer of 2022/2023, a potential consequence of cooler water temperatures and multiple cyclones. Observed impacts included the growth of S. brakenhielmi over other sessile invertebrate and macroalgal species, as well as on highly mobile spiny lobster, suggesting that this species can have a variety of impacts on temperate rocky reefs. In the future, as ocean temperatures continue to warm, these findings provide insight into what we can expect and highlight how MHW can facilitate the rapid expansion and integration of non-native, warm-affinity species into temperate reef ecosystems.
Indications of reproductive disturbance by the invasive round goby on a native salmonid
Authors: Wallin Kihlberg Isa , Florin Ann-Britt , Efstathiadis Ioannis , Brodin Tomas , Hellström Gustav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInvasive species have a wide array of effects on species in their introduced ranges, including sub-lethal effects such as disruption of courtship or parental care, with potential negative influence on fitness of the native species. The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a door-knocker species to freshwater rivers and streams connected to the Baltic Sea. In the case of establishment of round goby in freshwater it may overlap spatially with native salmonids like Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon and sea trout, and we therefore experimentally studied interactions between round goby and salmon during salmon spawning. We found that salmon spawning behaviour was unaffected by the presence of round goby. However, salmon displayed aggression towards the round goby and the salmon male and female resided closer to each other in the presence of round goby at higher round goby densities, which we interpret to be a protective behaviour. In addition, salmon spawning was delayed in the presence of round goby. Altogether, our results imply that the reproductive success of vulnerable Baltic salmonids may be impaired under a scenario where round goby migrates upstream and establishes in Baltic rivers and streams. Consequently, we see the need for management actions to hinder spread and subsequent establishment of round goby in freshwaters along the Baltic coastline.
Drought-induced turnover of soil microbial biomass increases nutrient subsidies for the reproduction of tropical forest
Authors: Fujii Kazumichi , Hayakawa Chie , Sukartiningsih  
Published: April 2024

AbstractEl Niño-induced drought, which is intensified by climate change, can have huge impacts on soil microbial biomass and plant productivity in tropical forests. We tested whether drought-induced turnover of soil microbial biomass can be a potential source of phosphorus (P), the limiting nutrient, for the reproduction of tropical forest trees (mast fruiting). We measured the seasonal variations in soil microbial biomass P and soil solution P concentrations including the periods before and after drought in a dipterocarp forest in Indonesia. Drought resulted in a decrease in soil microbial biomass C, N, and P, followed by a recovery after re-wetting. There was a sharp peak of soil solution P concentrations during the drought. The significant difference between soil microbial biomass P before and after drought amounted to 2.0 kg P ha−1. The potential P release from microbial turnover is not negligible compared to the additional P demand for fruit production (1.0 kg P ha−1) as well as the annual demand for litter production (2.5 kg P ha−1 year−1). In addition to the accumulation of nutrients for several non-fruiting years and their re-distribution in tree biomass, drought-induced microbial turnover can be nutrient subsidies for dipterocarp reproduction in highly-weathered soils.
Activation of CTU2 expression by LXR promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xue Chao , Wei Zhuo , Zhang Ye , Liu Ying , Zhang Shuang , Li Qi , Feng Ke , Yang Xiaoxiao , Liu Guangqing , Chen Yuanli , Li Xiaoju , Yao Zhi , Han Jihong , Duan Yajun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCytosolic thiouridylase 2 (CTU2) is an enzyme modifying transfer RNAs post-transcriptionally, which has been implicated in breast cancer and melanoma development. And we found CTU2 participated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression here. HepG2 cells as well as xenograft nude mice model were employed to investigate the role of CTU2 in HCC development in vitro and in vivo respectively. Further, we defined CTU2 as a Liver X receptor (LXR) targeted gene, with a typical LXR element in the CTU2 promoter. CTU2 expression was activated by LXR agonist and depressed by LXR knockout. Interestingly, we also found CTU2 took part in lipogenesis by directly enhancing the synthesis of lipogenic proteins, which provided a novel mechanism for LXR regulating lipid synthesis. Meanwhile, lipogenesis was active during cell proliferation, particularly in tumor cells. Reduction of CTU2 expression was related to reduced tumor burden and synergized anti-tumor effect of LXR ligands by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. Taken together, our study identified CTU2 as an LXR target gene. Inhibition of CTU2 expression could enhance the anti-tumor effect of LXR ligand in HCC, identifying CTU2 as a promising target for HCC treatment and providing a novel strategy for the application of LXR agonists in anti-tumor effect.
Graphical Abstract
1.) CTU2 enhances proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cells.
2.) CTU2 is the target gene of LXR, and LXR can transcriptionally activate CTU2 expression.
3.) CTU2 can promote protein synthesis of lipogenic genes.
4.) Inhibiting CTU2 expression can synergistically enhance the inhibitory effects of LXR ligands on HCC growth.