bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARACERVICAL BLOCKADE WITH MARCAINE/ADRENALINE: Plasma Concentration of Marcaine and Foetal Acid‐Base Balance
Authors: Hollmén Arno , Ojala Aimo , Korhonen Mikko 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYParacervical blockade (PCB) was performed for alleviation of labour pains in 10 normal patients who had no signs of foetal asphyxia. The anaesthetic agent used was 20 ml of 0.5% Marcaine (bupivacaine) with adrenaline (1:200,000). The maternal plasma concentration of Marcaine was determined by gas chromatography from venous blood drawn 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after PCB. The Marcaine concentration was also determined at the time of delivery from samples taken simultaneously from the mother and the umbilical vein of the infant. The acid‐base balance of the infant was observed before and after PCB from capillary blood samples taken by Saling's technique.The median values of the maternal plasma concentrations of Marcaine remained below 0.25 μ/ml. At the time of delivery, the Marcaine concentration in the maternal plasma was definitely higher than that in umbilical vein blood, which was very low. As labour progressed there was, as in normal deliveries, a steady fall in the foetal pH and an increase in metabolic acidosis. The slowly increasing foctal metabolic acidosis showed no obvious correlation to simultaneous changes in maternal plasma concentrations of Marcaine (cf. fig. 3).ZUSAMMENFASSUNGParacervikalblockade (PCB) wurde zur Erleichterung des Wehenschmerzes bei 10 gesunden Patientinnen ausgeführt, bei denen keine Zeichen von foetaler Asphyxie vorlagen. Als Lokalanaesthetikum wurde 20 ml halbprozentiges Marcain (Bupivakain) mit Adrenalin (1:200,000) verwendet. Die mütterliche Plasmakonzentration von Marcain wurde mittels Gaschromatographie aus dem venösen Blut bestimmt, das 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 und 60 Minuten nach Anlegen der Blockade abgenommen worden war. Die Konzentrationen von Marcain wurden auch zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt bestimmt, und zwar aus Blutproben, die gleichzeitig von der Mutter und aus der Nabelvene des Kindes abgenommen wurden. Der Säure‐Basen‐Status des Kindes wurde vor und nach der PCB aus kapillaren Blutproben bestimmt, die nach der Saling'schen Tech‐nik entnommen worden waren.Die mitderen Werte der mütterlichen Plasmakonzentration von Marcain blieben unter 0,25 μ/ml. Zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt war die Marcain‐Konzentration im mütterlichen Plasma eindeutig höher als im Nabelvenenblut, wo sie sehr gering war. Mit fortschreitender Wehentätigkeit zeigte sich, wie bei normalen Entbindungen, ein stetiger Abfall des foetalen pH und ein Ansteigen der metabolischen Azidose. Die langsam ansteigende foetale metabolische Azidose stand in keiner eindeutigen Relation zu gleichzeitigen Veränderungen in der m|uUtterlichen Plasmakonzentration von Marcain (siehe Abbildung 3).
BLOOD‐VOLUME MEASUREMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER OPERATION AND DETERMINATION OF OPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS: A Comparative Study
Authors: Brøckner J. , Ladegaard‐Pedersen H. J. , Engell H. C. , Donvig M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study comprising 54 surgical operation was to compare the value of measurement of external blood loss and of pre‐ and postoperative blood‐volume determination, respectively, in guiding blood‐volume replacement during major surgery. The external blood loss was measured partly by weighing the sponges, partly by washing all linen in a Haemoporrhometer®. The pre‐ and postoperative blood volumes were determined by a semi‐automatic apparatus (Volemetron®). From the blood‐volume measurements it was calculated how the peroperative loss is distributed between plasma volume and red‐cell volume.The external blood loss measured averaged 1500 ml. The blood‐volume determinations revealed a further average loss of 200 ml with a scatter of ±500 ml (2 xSD). In 28 cases of laparotomy an excess plasma loss averaging 25 % of the total volume loss was revealed. In thoracic and vascular operations the excess plasma loss was 6‐8%.In six out of 54 cases the changes found in blood volume could not be accounted for. It is recommended to make duplicate determination of the blood volume pre‐operatively. When postoperative serial determinations of blood volume are deemed to be necessary, a catheter placed in a central vein should be used for blood sampling and injection of tracer substance.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZweck dieser Untersuchung bei insgesamt 54 chirurgischen Operationen war es, den Wert der Messung des äusseren Blutverlustes mit der prae‐ und postoperativen Blutvolumsbestimmung zu vergleichen, um eine Richtschnur für den Blutvolumsersatz bei grösseren chirurgischen EingrifFen zu gewinnen. Der äussere Blutverlust wurde zum Teil durch Abwiegen der Operationstücher, zum Teil durch Auswaschen der gesamten Operationswäsche in einem Hae‐moporrhometer bestimmt. Die Bestimmung des prae‐ und postoperativen Blutvolumens wurde mit Hilfe eines halbautomatischen Gerätes (Volemetron) durchgeführt. Dabei wurde gleichzeitig errechnet, wie sich der intraoperative Blutverlust zwischen Plasmavolumen und Erythrozytenvolumen verteilt.Der gemessene äussere Blutverlust betrug im Mittel 1500 ml. Die Blutvolumsbestimmungen deckten einen weiteren durchschnitdichen Blutverlust von 200 ml auf, mit einer Streuung von ±500 ml (2 mal SD). Bei 28 Laparotomien ergab sich ein zusätzlicher Plasmaverlust von durchschnittlich 25% des gesamten Volumenverlustes. Bei Thorax‐ und Gefassoperationen war der zusätzliceh Plasmaverlust nur 6‐8%.Bei 6 von 54 Fällen konnten die aufgefundenen Veränderungen des Blutvolumens nicht ausreichend erklärt werden. Es wird empfohlen, Doppelbestim‐mungen des praeoperativen Blutvolumens durchzufuhren. Wenn Serienbe‐stimmung des Blutvolumens in der postoperativen Phase notwendig erscheinen, sollte durch Blutabnahme und Injektion der markierten Substanzen ein zentraler Venenkadieter eingelegt werden.
WOUND SEPARATION AND INTRA‐ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
Authors: Kewenter J. , Kock N. G. , Lundberg H. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn patients undergoing cholecystectomy, increases in intra‐abdominal pressure were recorded by means of a balloon in the peritoneal cavity during recovery from general anaesthesia, and during coughing and straining on the first to seventh day after operation. In three of 16 patients, the highest increases in intra‐abdominal pressure were recorded during bronchial toilette performed before extubation. In most of the patients, the intra‐abdominal pressure elevations during coughing increased successively on the postoperative days. In this investigation, coughing produced greater increases than did straining. The possibility of wound separation occurring at the time of bronchial toilette during recovery from general anaesthesia, due to an increase in intra‐abdominal pressure, is emphasised and discussed. It is recommended that, if possible, bronchial suction and extubation should be performed before the patient has regained full muscular tone.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei Patienten, die cholecystektomiert worden waren, wurden intraabdominelle Druckanstiege mit Hilfe eines in die Bauchhöhle eingelegten Ballons registriert, und zwar während der Erholung aus der Allgemeinnarkose, sowie während des Hustens und Pressens am 1. bis 7. postoperativen Tag. Bei 3 der 16 Patienten wurden die höchsten intraabdominellen Druckanstiege während der bronchialen Absaugung vor der Extubation registriert. Bei den meisten Patienten erhöhten sich die Druckanstiege während des Hustens sukzessive in Laufe der postoperativen Tage. Bei dieser Untersuchung erzeugte Husten stärkere Druckanstiege als Pressen. Die Möglichkeit des Entstehens einer Wunddehiszenz zum Zeitpunkt der bronchialen Absaugung am Ende einer Narkose durch die dabei entstehende intraabdominelle Druckerhöhung wird hervorgehoben und diskutiert. Es wird empfohlen, die bronchiale Absaugung und Extubation nach Möglichkeit noch durchzuführen, bevor der Patient seinen vollen Muskeltonus wieder erreicht hat.
LIVER NECROSIS AFTER REPEATED FLUOTHANE ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Hansen Valdemar 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of liver necrosis observed after repeated minor operations performed under fluothane anaesthesia are reported. It is discussed whether the necrosis was referable to a hepatotoxic effect of the repeated exposure to fluothane.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs wird liber zwei Falle von Lebernekrosen berichtet, die nach wiederholten kleineren Operationen unter Halothan‐Narkosen beobachtet wurden. Dabei wird erwogen, ob die Nekrosen auf einen hepatotoxischen Effekt der wiederholten Flubthanverabreichung zuriickgefuhrt werden konnte.
MEASUREMENTS OF HALOTHANE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF AN OPERATING THEATRE AND IN EXPIRED AIRAND BLOOD OF THE PERSONNEL DURING ROUTINE ANAESTHETIC WORK
Authors: Hallen B. , Ehrner‐Samuel Harriet , Thomason M. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThe exposure of operating‐theatre personnel to vapours of halothane during routine anaesthetic work was studied. The concentrations of halothane in the atmosphere of an operating theatre and in expired air and blood from the personnel were determined by means of gas chromatography. Possible deleterious effects of repeated exposures are discussed. The need for reducing the amount of waste anaesthetic vapours in operating theatres is pointed out.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Beeintrachtigung des Operationssaalpersonals durch Halothandampfe wahrend der Routine‐Narkosearbeit wurde untersucht. Mittels der Gaschro‐matographie wurden die Konzentrationen von Halothan in der Operations‐saalatmosphare, in der Ausatmungsluft und in Blut des Personals bestimmt. Mogliche schadliche Wirkungen des wiederholten Ausgesetztseins werden diskutiert. Schliesslich wird auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, den Uber‐schuss von Narkosedampfen in den Operationssalen zu reduzieren.
THE EFFECT OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE DURING ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: Boman J. , Wåhlin Å. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYDuring operations on six male patients, the exposed urinary bladder was electrically stimulated, with synchronous measurements of the intravesical pressure. No significant change of the pressure could be demonstrated after intravenous administration of succinylcholine in clinical apnoeic doses.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei sechs mannlichen Patienten wurde im Verlauf von Operationen die freigelegte Blase elektrisch stimuliert und gleichzeitig der intravesicale Druck gemessen. Nach der i.v. Verabreichung klinisch‐apnoischer Dosen von Succi‐nylcholin konnte keine signifikante Anderung des Blaseninnendruckes fest‐gestellt werden.
CARBON DIOXIDE ADMINISTRATION FOR CORRECTION OF POSTOPERATIVE HYPOXAEMIA
Authors: Hald Tage , Johansen Sophus H. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐three patients were exposed to inhalation of 2 per cent carbon dioxide in air for 20 minutes after completion of surgery. During the administration period an increase in PaOa and ventilation was observed, whereas PaCOa remained unchanged. A comparison with a similar group of 11 untreated patients suggested that this effect is temporary.The recovery from the effects of anaesthesia appeared to be accelerated by carbon dioxide inhalation.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG23 Patienten wurden fur 20 Minuten nach Operationsende einer Konzen‐tration von 2% G02 im Inhalationsgemisch ausgesetzt. Wahrend dieser Periode wurde ein Anstieg des PaOs und der Ventilation beobachtet, wahrend das PaCOa unverandert blieb. Der Vergleich mit einer ahnlichen Gruppe von 11 unbehandelten Patienten zeigte, dass es sich um einen temporSren Effekt handelt.Die Erholung von den Narkoseauswirkungen schien durch die Kohlen‐saureinhalation beschleunigt zu werden.
AN INTERMITTENTLY CLOSED ANAESTHESIA CIRCUIT
Authors: Ruben Henning 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYAn essential drawback of the conventionally used semi‐closed circuit is its poor control of the inflated volume. An intermittently closed circuit, i.e. a circuit which is closed during each inflation, but open with low resistance during each expiration, is described. It displays the following advantages: better control of die volume inflated into the lungs widi each bag compression; early recognition of changes in resistance to inflation; more optimal pressure conditions in the respiratory system and dierefore also in die chest; no adjustment of die pop‐off valve is necessary. The function of die intermitter, die incorporation of which converts die semi‐closed circuit to an intermittently closed circuit, is described.This circuit can be improvised from generally available anaesdiesia component.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEin wesentlicher Nachteil der konventionell verwendeten halbgeschlossenen Systeme ist die schlechte Kontrolle iiber das eingeblasene Volumen. Es wird ein intermittierend geschlossenes System beschrieben, d. h. ein Kreissystem, das bei jeder Beatmung geschlossen, jedoch wahrend jeder Exspiration bei niedrigem Widerstand offen ist. Es bringt die nachstehenden Vorteile: bessere Kontrolle des Volumens, das bei jeder Atembeutelkompression in die Lunge geblasen wird; friihe Erkennung der Widerstandsanderungen bei der Beatmung; opti‐malere Druckbedingungen im Atemsystem und damit auch im Thorax; es sind keine Adjustierungen des Uberlaufventils notwendig. Die Funktion des Unter‐brechers, dessen Einbeziehung das halbgeschlossene in ein intermittierend geschlossenes System verwandelt, wird beschrieben.Dieses Kreissystem kann aus allgemein erhaldichen Anaesthesiegeratbe‐standteilen improvisiert werden.
Pollinators, flowering phenology and floral longevity in two Mediterranean Aristolochia species, with a review of flower visitor records for the genus
Authors: Berjano R. , Ortiz P. L. , Arista M. , Talavera S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe pollination of Aristolochia involves the temporary confinement of visitors inside the flower. A literature review has shown that some species are visited by one or a few dipteran families, while others are visited by a wider variety of dipterans, but only some of these are effective pollinators. We observed flowering phenology and temporal patterns of pollinator attendance in diverse populations of Aristolochia baetica and A. paucinervis, two species that grow in SW Spain, frequently in mixed populations. The two species had overlapping floral phenologies, extended flowering periods and long‐lived flowers. A. baetica attracted a higher number of visitors than A. paucinervis. Drosophilids and, to a lesser extent, phorids, were the main pollinators of A. baetica, whereas in A. paucinervis, phorids were the only pollinators. Attendance to A. paucinervis flowers by phorids in mixed populations was markedly lower than in pure populations. This effect was more evident in years with lower pollinator density. Our results suggest that A. baetica and A. paucinervis may compete for pollinators in mixed populations.
Co‐localisation of membranes and actin in growing infected cells of Glycine max root nodules
Authors: Bulbul N. , Kaneko Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe root nodule of Glycine max (L.) Merr. is almost spherical at maturity, and its central tissue consists of infected cells filled with numerous symbiosomes containing bacteroids, interspersed with uninfected cells. During the growth of the nodule, the volume of each infected cell and the number of bacteroids per cell increases, and thus abundant membranes are required for the proliferation of symbiosomes. In expanding infected cells, there are areas adjacent to the nucleus that are devoid of bacteroids, but these areas are filled with numerous membranes and actin filaments, surrounded by endoplasmic reticulum membranes, indicating a perinuclear reservoir of newly formed membranes and a role for actin in delivering membranes to proliferating symbiosomes.
The pig CART (cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript) gene and association of its microsatellite polymorphism with production traits
Authors: Stachowiak M. , Cieslak J. , Skorczyk A. , Nowakowska J. , Szczerbal I. , Szydlowski M. , Switonski M. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) gene is a candidate gene that may affect performance and body composition traits in the pig. The purpose of this study was to establish the chromosomal localization and genomic sequence of the porcine CART gene, search for polymorphism and analyse its phenotypic effect in 644 pigs representing two breeds, Polish Large White (PLW) and Polish Landrace (PL), and a synthetic line 990 (L990). The CART gene was fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)‐mapped to the chromosome 16q21. The 1878 bp DNA fragment covering three exons, two introns and the 5′ flanking region was sequenced and analysed. A new A/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position −238 bp was found. The coding sequence was conserved between porcine and human CART genes. Previously unknown short tandem repeat polymorphism (CA)2(CG)n(CA)n was identified in intron 2. Three alleles 251, 253 and 259 bp were found. The 251‐bp allele was predominant in all the analysed populations of pigs, whereas the 253‐bp allele occurred with the lowest frequency. The statistical analysis revealed significant allelic additive effects on meat content in carcass (p < 0.05) and abdominal fat weight (p < 0.01) in PLW, and meat content in carcass (p < 0.05) and backfat thickness (p < 0.05) in PL. Our study confirmed that chromosome region harbouring the CART gene is a promising quantitative trait loci for pig production traits.
Salivary histatin‐5 and oral fungal colonisation in HIV+ individuals
Authors: Torres Sandra R. , Garzino‐Demo Alfredo , Meiller Timothy F. , Meeks Valli , Jabra‐Rizk Mary Ann 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe oral cavity is a primary target for opportunistic infections, particularly oral candidiasis caused by the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. HIV+ individuals constitute a population highly susceptible to oral candidiasis possibly due to a change in the environment of the oral cavity as the result of salivary gland dysfuntion. Histatins are a family of salivary antimicrobial peptides which under normal circumstances have a protective function on the oral mucosa. This study aimed to compare salivary histatin concentrations and oral fungal colonisation in an HIV+ and HIV− control populations. Oral samples for fungal cultures and parotid saliva were collected from all subjects. Fungal identification was determined using standard mycological procedures. In order to determine salivary histatin levels a semi‐quantitative ELISA was designed using a specific polyclonal antibody and extensive statistical analysis was performed. Forty‐seven percent of HIV+ and 17% of control subjects had positive fungal cultures. Mean histatin levels were 7.32 μg ml−1 for the HIV+ group and 9.17 μg ml−1 for control group (P = 0.003). The data from this study demonstrate that the level of fungal colonisation is significantly higher in HIV+ individuals whereas histatin‐5 concentrations are significantly lower, likely contributing to the enhanced predisposition of this population to oral candidiasis.
Volume‐regulated chloride channels and cerebral vascular remodelling
Authors: Tang Yong‐Bo , Zhou Jia‐Guo , Guan Yong‐Yuan 
Published: December 2008

Summary

Transmembrane Cl− transport through volume‐regulated Cl− channels (VRCC) is implicated in cell cycle control and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In cerebrovascular VSMC, volume‐regulated Cl− movement is enhanced with the severity of cerebrovascular remodelling induced by hypertension.
Expression of the ClC‐3 chloride channel, a potential molecular candidate for the VRCC, is significantly increased with the progression of VSMC proliferation, but is decreased in apoptosis.
In the present review, we summarize recent findings regarding the functional role of volume‐regulated ClC‐3 chloride channels in VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and cerebrovascular remodelling during the development of hypertension. In addition, we discuss the relationship between the channel and intracellular signalling pathways, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the phosphorylation of Akt.
Recent studies strongly suggest that VRCC/ClC‐3 is involved in the regulation of both cell proliferation and apoptosis. These findings suggest that ClC‐3 chloride channels may be potential new targets for the prevention of the cerebrovascular remodelling that occurs during the development of hypertension.
Bone mass density and associated factors in cystic fibrosis patients of young age
Authors: Douros Konstantinos , Loukou Ioanna , Nicolaidou Polyxeni , Tzonou Anastasia , Doudounakis Stavros 
Published: December 2008

Aim:  To investigate bone mineral status in young cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and determine risk factors related with the development of low bone mineral density (BMD).Methods:  We determined, in 81 patients with CF, 4 to 23‐years‐old, BMD as well as factors, which are thought to play a role in the development of reduced BMD.Results:  BMD Z‐score was between −1 and −2.5 in 27 (33%) and lower than −2.5 in 9 (11%). Means of BMD Z‐score were lower than the expected value of 0 in the three groups of children, adolescents and young adults (P = 0.004; P < 0.001; P = 0.048, respectively), but they did not differ among them (P = 0.114). Analysis showed that Shwachman–Kulczycki (SK) score, gender and levels of 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D were significant predictors of BMD Z‐score. Significant also was the interaction between gender and SK score.Conclusions:  Our study supports that BMD may be reduced from a young age in CF patients though this needs to be confirmed using true volumetric measures of BMD. This defect is related to disease severity with males being more vulnerable. Inefficient levels of vitamin D are very common and contribute significantly to impaired bone health. The latter finding underlines the need for higher supplementation doses.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF AGING AND ENDOCRINE CONTROL ON COLLAGEN FORMATION IN VARIOUS ORGANS
Authors: Takeda Toshio , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Yao Chee‐Soon 
Published: December 2008

Physiological changes with advancing age of collagen content, fiber and fibril sizes in some connective tissues, the morphological profiles and enzy histochemical activities of fibroblasts in different organs, and the effect of gonadectomy, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy and their hormone replacement on the collagen and fibroblasts were studied using DDD, C57BL/6J, A/Jax, DW/J mice and Wietar rats.It was suggested that connective tissue in these organs was under the specific control of endocrine organs such as gonads, adrenals and the pituitary and that these controls might be effected through their hormonal effects on the specifically differentiated fibroblast localized in different organs and tissue.