bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute occlusive ischemia of the rat intestine: Early detection by MR imaging with polylysinemgd‐dtpa enhancement
Authors: Van Beers Bernard E. , Mottet Isabelle , Delos Monique , Goudemant Jean‐Franpis , Demeure Roger , Pringot Jacques 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the potential role of MR h@ng with polylysine‐Gd‐DTPA enhancement in the early detection of acute occlusive inteetinal ischemia in a rat model. After deveecularhtion Of the distal ileum in 12 rats. T2‐Weighted fart spinecho MR images were acquired, followed by T1‐ weighted imagea before and after IV administration of 0.1 mmol/kg polylysine‐Gd‐DTPA. The signal intensity of the ischemic intestine did not differ signiflcantly from that of the normal intestine before the admlnistration of the contrast material. No mucoeal or submucosal edema or hemorrhage was found in the ischemic intestine at histologic examination. After the administration of polylysine‐Gd‐DTPA, the ischemic intestine lacked enhancement and its signal intensity was significantly lower than that of the normal inteatine. MR imaging with polylysine‐Gd‐DTPA enhancement can detect acute occlusive ischemia of the rat intestine at an carly stage.
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Hepatic MR Imaging: Efficacy and Safety Using Conventional and Fast Spin‐Echo Pulse Sequences
Authors: Schwartz Lawrence H. , Seltzer Steven E. , Tempany Clare M. C. , Silverman Stuart G. , Piwnica‐Worms David R. , Adams Douglass F. , Herman Lee , Herman Lisa A. , Hooshmand Roshann 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical efficacy and safety of iv ferumozldes (Feridexa), a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent for detection of hepatic lesions using conventional spin‐echo and fast spin‐echo MR images. Precontract and postcontrast MR studies were performed on 25 patients with suspected focal hepatic lesions. Conventional Tl‐and T2‐weighted MR images, as well as fast spin‐echo and fat suppressed fast spin‐echo MR images, were evaluated. Quantitative assessment of the contrast agent was performed obtaining region of interest measurements of the liver, spleen, and selected hepatic lesions. The pulse sequences were also evaluated subjectively for overall image quality and a subjective assessment of lesion detection. The use of a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent led to a decrease in hepatic signal intensity on all pulse sequences. Lesion‐to‐liver contrast increased 41.1%, 36.5%, and 32.0% on the conventional T2, fast spin‐echo, and fat suppressed fast spin echo pulse sequences, respectively. Lesion‐to‐liver contrast decreased on the T1‐weighted postcontrast pulse sequence by 23.8%. Despite Improvement in lesion‐to‐liver contrast, radiologists subjectively preferred the precontract sequences because of overall better image quality. At a dose of 10 μmol/kg, fenunoxides favorably impacts lesion‐to‐liver contrast, and may be useful in hepatic imaging, more with conventional T2‐weighted spin‐echo pulse sequences than with T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo pulse sequences.
Comparison of Ultrasound, CT, and MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Candidates for TIPS
Authors: Kraus Barry B. , Ros Pablo R. , Abbitt Patricia L. , Kerns Scott R. , Sabatelli Frank W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo compare ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI in the evaluation of hepatic vascular anatomy, portal and splenic venous flow, and collateral pathways (varices and spontaneous shunts) in candidates for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS), 17 patients with history of refractory variceal bleeding or intractable ascites underwent duplex US, contrast‐enhanced CT, and MRI before TIPS. The appearance of portal and hepatic anatomy was graded from 1 (not visible) to 4 (excellent visualization) independently by four radiologists. Presence and direction of portal and splenic venous flow, and presence and location of varices and spontaneous portosystemic shunts were also assessed. Results and effects of interobserver variation were assessed for significance using Friedman's ANOVA and Wilcoxon's signed‐rank test. MRI yielded higher scores than CT or US for hepatic veins (P <.0001) and inferior vena cava (P <.0001). MRI and CT scored better than US for portal vein branches (P =.012) and splenic vein (P =.0038). All tests demonstrated the main portal vein well, with no statistically significant difference. US and MRI were more sensitive than CT for detecting portal vein flow and direction (US 76%, CT 0%, MRI 82%). MRI was most sensitive for splenic vein flow and direction (US 41%, CT 0%. MRI 76%). CT and MRI were more sensitive than US in detecting varices (US 5%, CT 50%, MRI 58%) and spontaneous shunts (US 13%, CT 75%, MRI 75%). Interobserver variation did not influence results significantly P =.3691). MRI provides the most useful information and may be the preferred single imaging test prior to TIPS.
Validation of volume flow measurements with cine phase‐contrast MR imaging for peripheral arterial waveforms
Authors: McCauley Thomas R. , Pena Constantino S. , Holland Christy K. , Price Thomas B. , Gore John C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA flow phantom was used to study MR volume flow measurements for monophasic and triphasic waveforms over the flow range expected in peripheral arteries at rest and with exercise (2–24 mL/sec, n = 50). The improvement in accuracy with phase‐correction image processing to eliminate errors caused by eddy currents was measured. Volume flow estimates with Doppler sonography were also measured. MR volume flow measurements correlated with volume collection with r = 0.996 and mean error = 4.6%. Phase–correction processing decreased mean error from 12.6% to 4.6% (P <.001, paired t‐test). Doppler sonography had a higher mean error of 10.3% (P <.001, unpaired t‐test). Cine phase‐contrast MR imaging provides accurate estimates of volume blood flow for waveforms and flow ranges expected in peripheral arteries.
Cocaine‐induced changes in time course of regional cerebral blood volume and transit time as determined by dynamic MR imaging
Authors: Li Ka‐Loh , Suojanen James N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe examined cocaine‐mediated changes in regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and mean transit time (MTT) in central brain structures of rats using functional MR imaging techniques. Changes in MTT and rCBV in animals who had previously been given cocaine depended on the length of time between the last pretreatment injection and the acute injection and seemed to parallel cocaine‐mediated changes in extracellular dopamine concentrations.
Mr imaging of hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia
Authors: Siegelman Evan S. , Outwater Eric K. , Furth Emma E. , Rubin Raphael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH), a rare condition that is commonly associated with noncirrhotic portal hypertension, is not well described in the MR literature. Three patients at two institutions were identified who had both abdominal MR imaging and pathologic evidence of NRH. All examinations were performed at 1.5 T and included axial T1‐ and T2‐weighted spin‐echo (SE) images. The MR studies were reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Two patients had multiple liver lesions that had high signal components on T1‐weighted images and were predominantly isointense with liver on the T2‐weighted images. One patient had no focal lesions identified. NRH, when visualized on MR images, appears as multifocal masses with shortened Tl and T2 similar to liver. NRH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular tumors, especially in patients with a predisposing condition.
Visualizing tissue compliance with MR imaging
Authors: Plewes D. B. , Betty I. , Urchuk S. N. , Soutar I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe propose a method for visualizing the mechanical properties of tissue based on the use of periodic mechanical compression in conjunction with phase‐contrast MR imaging. A specialized mechanical transducer was used to provide programmable compression pulses to the surface of compliant phantoms. These compression pulses were synchronized to a spin‐echo sequence with motion‐sensitizing gradients to generate phase information reflecting spin displacement throughout the phantom. This sequence was tested with two agarose gel phantoms. The first was a cylinder containing three parallel layers of varying compliance and the second was composed of a semirigid sphere suspended in a uniform layer of decreased elastic modulus. Images showed complex patterns of motion throughout the phantom, which correlated with expected motion behavior of the phantom structures. This indicates that the biomechanical properties of tissues may be elucidated through the use of motion‐sensitized MR imaging and suggests that a form of image contrast relating to tissue elasticity may be feasible.
Automated shimming at 1.5 t using echo‐planar image frequency maps
Authors: Reese Timothy G. , Davis Timothy L. , Weisskoff Robert M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing echo‐planar imaging, we developed an automated image‐based procedure to shim the static (B0) field. Our method uses the rapid acquisition capability of echo‐planar Imaging to collect the required frequency data rapidly, rendering the shim data acquisition time negligible in comparison with the total study time. We address image distortion issues involved in echo‐planar imaging acquisition of the data and formulate analytic methods for arriving at an optimal shim for the NMR imaging experiment in a single iteration. We investigated the use of cost functions other than least‐squares (Chebychev, high‐order numeric) and found that choice between the cost functions we tested was irrelevant to resultant image quality, at least when used in conjunction with low‐order shims. With appropriate integration, the method has become routine practice for investigators at our laboratory.
Functional MR imaging using gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging in the presence of large static field inhomogeneities
Authors: Constable R. Todd 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAt 1.5 T, the field strength of most clinical MR imagers, gradient‐echo Imaging Is the primary imaging method for measuring brain activation, as such sequences are highly sensitive to changes in blood oxygenation or T2* effects. Unfortunately, gradient‐echo sequences are also extremely sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities, and this sensitivity has precluded examination of regions of cortex near field inhomogeneities with functional MR imaging. This article presents a gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging method that uses variable amplitude scaling on the slice‐select refocusing lobe to generate images compensated for static field inhomogeneities. A technique for constructing composite Images to be used in statistical tests for activation is also presented. The method is shown to produce clean activation maps in the presence of large static field inhomogeneities. The technique retains the sensitivity of gradient‐ echo imaging to changes in blood oxygenation while removing the sensitivity to large static field inhomogeneities.
Fat suppression at 7t using a surface coil: Application of an adiabatic half‐passage chemical shift selective radiofrequency pulse
Authors: Yongbi Martin N. , Ding Shujun , Dunn Jeffrey F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe selective suppression of fat using chemical shift selective (CHESS) sinc, gaussian presaturation, or binomial radiofrequency pulses are widely implemented techniques in magnetic resonance imaging. For applications wherein transmitter coils that generate inhomogeneous magnetic (B1) fields are used (eg. surface coils), adlabatic radiofrequency pulses that are less susceptible to spatial variations in B1 amplitude will improve the spatial homogeneity of spin excitation angle. Herein, we describe the application of an adiabatic half‐passage hyperbolic secant CHESS pulse suitable for acquiring fat‐suppressed magnetic resonance images with surface coils on high‐field systems. Images obtained from a water/fat phantom and from the abdominal region of a rat are presented indicating excellent suppression of fat signal from the entire coil‐sensitive volume.
Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in the ankle: MRI with pathologic correlation
Authors: Narra Vamsidhar R. , Shirkhoda Ali , Shetty Anil N. , Bis Kostaki G. , Armin Ali‐Reza , Gurgun Mehmet 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath involving the ankle, wherein spin‐echo (T1‐ and T2‐weighted). gradient‐echo, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced sequences were performed, and the tumor was noted to be very vascular. To the best of our knowledge, the use of gradient‐echo sequences and the pattern of enhancement by time‐intensity curves has not been reported earlier.
Effect of flaxseed and wheat flour blends on dough rheology and bread quality
Authors: Koca A Faik , Anil Munir 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rheological and baking properties of flaxseed/wheat composite flours were studied. Flaxseed flour was used to replace 50, 100, 150 and 200 g kg−1 of wheat flour in bread. Farinographic studies showed that water absorption, dough development time and mixing tolerance index increased as the amount of flaxseed flour increased, while dough stability decreased at 100, 150 and 200 g kg−1 of flaxseed flour substitution. The extensographic energy of dough also decreased at 150 and 200 g kg−1 flaxseed levels. The addition of increasing amounts of flaxseed flour caused a decrease in extensibility. Doughs containing 100, 150 and 200 g kg−1 flaxseed flour showed resistance to extension comparable to that of control dough. The specific volume of flaxseed flour breads was similar to that of control bread. Crust L, a, b values of breads with flaxseed flour were lower than those of control bread. Breads with flaxseed flour gave lower crumb L and b values and higher a values than control bread. The sensory properties showed that an acceptable bread could be produced using flaxseed flour up to a level of 200 g kg−1. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of fermentation time and storage on the water‐soluble vitamin contents of tarhana
Authors: Certel Muharrem , Erbaş Mustafa , Uslu Mustafa K , Erbaş Mediha O 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChanges in water‐soluble vitamins were investigated in tarhana dough during fermentation and in tarhana stored under a variety of conditions for up to 6 months. The contents of riboflavin (P < 0.01), thiamin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid (P < 0.05) increased significantly during fermentation. The thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid contents of tarhana dough were 4.80, 1.85, 7.68, 15.30 and 2.25 mg kg−1 respectively at the beginning of fermentation and increased to 10.15, 5.15, 24.04, 19.35 and 6.10 mg kg−1 respectively at the end of fermentation. Thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid contents were significantly affected (P < 0.01) by storage type and period, but niacin and vitamin B6 contents were not affected (P > 0.05). The water‐soluble vitamin contents of tarhana stored wet were higher than those of tarhana stored dry. Drying resulted in a 24% reduction in riboflavin content and an 86% reduction in folic acid content. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Size‐selective junctional barrier and Ca2+‐independent cell adhesion in the testis of Cynops pyrrhogaster: Expression and Function of Occludin
Authors: Jin Yuji , Uchida Ichiro , Eto Ko , Kitano Takeshi , Abe Shin‐ichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn urodeles which has testicular structure different from that in mammals, blood–testis barrier was reported to exist like in mammals. However, molecular and functional analyses of the components of the blood–testis barrier in urodeles have not been reported yet. Toward elucidation of the barrier functions and their molecular components in newt testis, we aimed to isolate occludin cDNAs and obtained two kinds of occludin partial cDNAs (occludin 1 and 2) encoding the putative second extracellular loop. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against peptides each corresponding to a part of the second extracellular loop of occludin 1 and 2, and those against β‐catenin and zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1) showed that occludin, as well as β‐catenin and ZO‐1, was expressed not only in Sertoli cells but also in germ cells throughout all the stages from spermatogonia to elongate spermatids. Tracer experiments revealed a size‐selective barrier which allows small molecules (∼500 Da) to get into cysts through Sertoli cells' barrier, but not larger ones (>1.9 kDa) in the stages from spermatogonia to almost mature sperm. No occludin peptides corresponding to a part of the second extracellular loop destroyed the junctional barrier, while both the peptides and antibodies significantly inhibited reaggregation of the dissociated testicular cells which was to a large extent Ca2+‐independent. These results indicate that the second extracellular loop of occludin is involved in cell adhesion rather than in size‐selective barrier in newt testis, though the possibility cannot be excluded that the peptides were not long enough to inhibit the barrier function. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 202–216, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dax1 suppresses P450arom expression in medaka ovarian follicles
Authors: Nakamoto Masatoshi , Wang De‐Shou , Suzuki Aya , Matsuda Masaru , Nagahama Yoshitaka , Shibata Naoki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDax1 is a member of an unusual orphan nuclear receptor family, and is known to regulate P450arom in mammals and is involved in sex differentiation in some vertebrates. To investigate whether Dax1 is involved in the regulation of the steroidogenic pathway for estrogen biosynthesis in medaka ovarian follicles, we isolated Dax1 cDNA from adult medaka ovaries and analyzed its expression pattern in medaka gonads. In adult ovaries, Dax1 mRNA was detected only in postvitellogenic follicles and was not detected in previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles. In adult testis, Dax1 mRNA was not detected. We compared the expression pattern of Dax1 with that of Foxl2, Ad4BP/Sf‐1, P450c17, and P450arom by in situ hybridization using adjacent sections. In contrast to Dax1 expression, these genes were co‐expressed in vitellogenic follicles but were not detected in postvitellogenic follicles. Thus, in medaka ovarian follicles, Dax1 did not show any overlapping expression patterns against Foxl2, Ad4BP/Sf‐1, P450c17, and P450arom. Moreover, co‐transfection experiments demonstrated that Dax1 inhibits Ad4BP/Sf‐1‐ and Foxl2‐mediated P450arom expression. On the other hand, during early sex differentiation, Dax1 mRNA was not detected in both males and females. Our results suggest that Dax1 down‐regulates Ad4BP/Sf‐1‐ and Foxl2‐mediated P450arom expression in medaka ovarian follicles. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1239–1246, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of fetal calf serum, phenazine ethosulfate and either glucose or fructose during in vitro culture of bovine embryos on embryonic development after cryopreservation
Authors: Barceló‐Fimbres M. , Seidel G.E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study investigated effects of hexoses, fetal calf serum (FCS), and phenazine ethosulfate (PES) during the culture of bovine embryos on blastocyst development and survival after cryopreservation by slow freezing or vitrification. The basal, control medium was chemically defined (CDM) plus 0.5% fatty acid‐free BSA. In vitro‐produced bovine zygotes were cultured in CDM‐1 with 0.5 mM glucose; after 60 hr, 8‐cell embryos were cultured 4.5 days in CDM‐2. The 8‐cell embryos were randomly allocated to a 2 × 3 × 2 × 3 factorial experimental design with two energy substrates (2 mM glucose or fructose); three additives (0.3 µM PES, 10% FCS, and control); two cryopreservation methods using no animal products (conventional slow freezing or vitrification); and semen from three bulls with two replicates for each bull. A total of 1,107 blastocysts were produced. Fructose resulted in 13% more blastocysts per oocyte than glucose (37.2% vs. 32.9%), and per 8‐cell embryo (51.3% vs. 45.3%; P < 0.01). No differences were found for additives (P > 0.1) control, FCS, or PES for blastocysts per oocyte or per 8‐cell embryo. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between additives and hexoses for blastocyst production; although trends were similar, the benefit of fructose compared to glucose was greater for controls than for FCS or PES. Culture of embryos with PES, which reduces cytoplasmic lipid content, improved cryotolerance of bovine embryos; post‐cryopreservation survival of blastocysts averaged over vitrification and slow freezing (between which there was no difference) was 91.9%, 84.9%, and 60.2% of unfrozen controls (P < 0.01) for PES, control, and FCS groups, respectively. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1395–1405, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis and discussion of Anycast scalability in IPv6
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Qian Huanyan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe existing designs for providing Anycast services are either to confine Anycast groups to a preconfigured topological region or to globally distribute Anycast groups across the whole Internet. The latter causes the routing tables to grow proportionally to the number of global Anycast groups in the entire Internet and both of the above designs restrict and hinder the application and development of Anycast services. In this paper a new kind of Anycast communication model is proposed on the basis of Anycast tree technology. Since this model adopts a dynamic Anycast group, allowing Anycast members to freely leave and join the Anycast group, it radically solves the existing scalability problem. In addition, this model accomplishes the distributed maintenance and transaction of Anycast service requests and information on the Anycast tree; thus it performs load balance. This paper analyzes and discusses the feasibility and validity of the communication model; the experimental data in IPv6 simulation demonstrate that the total response time of one Anycast service (e.g., file downloading) acquired through this communication model is shorter by 15% than that through the current communication model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The HUPO Pre‐Congress Proteomics Standards Initiative Workshop HUPO 5th Annual World Congress Long Beach, CA, USA 28 October–1 November 2006
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Jones Andrew R. , Stephan Christian , Binz Pierre‐Alain 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe plenary session of the Proteomics Standards Initiative of the Human Proteome Organisation provided an opportunity to update delegates on the progress of the work of the Human Proteome Organisation's Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO‐PSI) to develop and implement standards in the field of proteomics. Significant advances have been made since the previous congress, with several of the interchange standards and minimal requirements documents being submitted for publication in the literature and being more widely adopted by both manufacturers and data repositories. An exciting development over the interim twelve months is the ongoing merger of the two existing mass spectrometry standards, the PSI mzData and Institute for Systems Biology mzXML, into a single product. This should be achieved by early in 2007.
Synthesis and properties of novel electrophosphorescent polymers from quinoline‐ and pyridine‐end‐capped polyfluorenes with rhenium(I) chromophores
Authors: Lee Po‐I , Hsu Steve Lien‐Chung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNovel electrophosphorescent polymers were prepared from quinoline‐ and pyridine‐end‐capped polyfluorenes reacted with 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl (tricarbonyl)rhenium(I) chloride. Fourier transform infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed that the rhenium complex was successfully incorporated into the polymer backbones. The energy transfer could be reached by an efficient intramolecular process. The emission contributions of the polyfluorene and organic complex were found from the electroluminescence spectra. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1492–1498, 2007