bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline phosphatase expression in tissues from glucocorticoid-treated dogs
Authors: Wiedmeyer Charles E. , Solter Philip F. , Hoffmann Walter E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of glucocorticoids on the induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes in the liver, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa, 3 tissues that are principally responsible for ALP synthesis in dogs.Sample Population—Tissues from the liver, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa of 6 dogs treated with 1 mg of prednisone/kg/d for 32 days and 6 untreated control dogs.Procedure—Using canine-specific primers for the ALP isoenzymes, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was designed to measure liver ALP (LALP) and intestinal ALP (IALP) mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) expression in tissues from the liver and kidneys and intestinal mucosa of glucocorticoid-treated and control dogs. Tissue ALP isoenzyme activities were compared between the groups.Results—The LALP activity and mRNA concentrations increased in tissues of the liver and kidneys in dogs treated with prednisone, whereas LALP hnRNA increased only in liver tissues. The IALP activity and mRNA expression increased in intestinal mucosa and liver tissues in prednisone-treated dogs. We did not detect an increase in IALP hnRNA expression in these tissues.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Synthesis of ALP is increased in the liver, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa of dogs in response to prednisone treatment. This response appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level, but mechanisms may differ between LALP and IALP. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1083–1088)
Postexposure prophylaxis for prevention of rabies in dogs
Authors: Hanlon Cathleen A. , Niezgoda Michael , Rupprecht Charles E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in dogs experimentally infected with rabies.Procedure—29 Beagles.Procedure—Dogs were sedated and inoculated in the right masseter muscle with a salivary gland homogenate from a naturally infected rabid dog (day 0). Six hours later, 5 dogs were treated by administration of 2 murine anti-rabies glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and commercial vaccine; 5 received mAb alone; 5 received purified, heat-treated, equine rabies immune globulin (PHT-ERIG) and vaccine; 5 received PHT-ERIG alone; 4 received vaccine alone; and 5 control dogs were not treated. The mAb or PHTERIG was administered at the site of rabies virus inoculation. Additional vaccine doses for groups mAb plus vaccine, PHT-ERIG plus vaccine, and vaccine alone were administered IM in the right hind limb on days 3, 7, 14, and 35.Results—All control dogs and dogs that received only vaccine developed rabies. In the PHT-ERIG and vaccine group, 2 of 5 dogs were protected, whereas none were protected with PHT-ERIG alone. Use of mAb alone resulted in protection in 4 of 5 dogs. Administration of mAb in combination with vaccine provided protection in all 5 dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Current national guidelines recommend euthanasia or a 6- month quarantine for unvaccinated animals exposed to rabies. Findings from this study document that vaccine alone following severe exposure was unable to provide protection from rabies. However, vaccine combined with mAb resulted in protection in all treated dogs, revealing the potential use of mAb in PEP against rabies in naïve dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1096–1100)
Serum concentrations of keratan sulfate, osteocalcin, and pyridinoline crosslinks after oral administration of glucosamine to Standardbred horses during race training
Authors: Caron John P. , Peters Tonia L. , Hauptman Joseph G. , Eberhart Susan W. , Orth Michael W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of orally administered glucosamine on concentrations of markers of bone and cartilage metabolism in Standardbred horses during race training.Animals—Twenty 16- to 20-month-old Standardbreds beginning race training.Procedure—Horses were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One group received glucosamine hydrochloride (4 g, PO, q 12 h), and the second (control) group received glucose (4 g, PO, q 12 h). Serum samples were obtained prior to onset of the study (baseline) and at regular intervals for 48 weeks for determination of concentrations of keratan sulfate (KS), osteocalcin (OC), and pyridinoline crosslinks (PYD).Results—Osteocalcin concentrations changed significantly with time; mean serum concentrations were significantly higher than baseline values for samples obtained at 24 to 48 weeks after onset of the study. Although a significant effect of time was observed for mean concentration of KS, concentrations did not differ significantly from baseline values at any time during the study when groups were analyzed separately. However, pooled analysis revealed significant increases of mean serum KS concentration at weeks 24 and 30. Significant changes in serum PYD concentrations were not detected. Oral administration of glucosamine did not significantly affect serum concentrations of any of the markers.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased serum OC in clinically normal Standardbreds during race training may reflect bone formation that accompanies adaptive remodeling of the appendicular skeleton. For these experimental conditions, glucosamine did not appear to exert a detectable influence on serum concentrations of these 3 markers of connective tissue metabolism. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1106–1110)
Relationship of vitamin E supplementation and antimicrobial treatment with acute-phase protein responses in cattle affected by naturally acquired respiratory tract disease
Authors: Carter Jeffrey N. , Meredith Glacia L. , Montelongo Marie , Gill Donald R. , Krehbiel Clinton R. , Payton Mark E. , Confer Anthony W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To correlate serum concentrations of fibrinogen (Fib), haptoglobin (Hap), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) with clinical respiratory tract disease and response to treatment in transport-stressed feedlot cattle fed vitamin E-supplemented diets.Animals—387 heifer calves (mean initial weight, 197 kg).Procedure—Calves purchased from an order buyer were delivered to a feedlot to study the effects of dietary supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin E for 0, 7, 14, or 28 days after arrival. Serum or plasma Fib, Hap, SAA, and AGP concentrations were measured on days 0, 7, and 28 after arrival as well as at the time of treatment for respiratory tract disease with antimicrobial drugs and after completion of treatment.Results—Vitamin E supplementation was associated with decreased treatment costs. In cattle that were not recognized as sick or responded positively to 1 antimicrobial treatment, serum Hap concentrations were significantly lower on days 0 and 7 than concentrations for cattle that required > 1 treatment. Serum Hap concentrations and ratios of Hap to SAA on day 0 significantly correlated with the number of antimicrobial treatments required. Serum Hap concentrations at the time of initial treatment were significantly lower for cattle that required only 1 treatment, compared with those that required > 1 treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum Hap concentrations are of potential value for use in assessing feedlot cattle that may become ill as a result of respiratory tract disease and for use in monitoring treatment efficacy. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:1111–1117)
In vivo and in vitro comparisons of spray-drying and solvent-evaporation preparation of microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae for use as an orally administered vaccine for pigs
Authors: Lin J. H. , Pan M. J. , Liao C. W. , Weng C. N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered vaccine ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaethat was prepared by spray drying or solvent evaporation.Animals—Thirty 6-week-old, crossbred, specificpathogen- free (SPF) pigs.Procedure—Pigs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and housed in an SPF facility. Pigs in 2 groups (groups AQ and CAP) were fedM hyopneumoniaeenteric-coated vaccine on days 0, 10, and 20. A third group (group IM) received an IM injection ofM hyopneumoniaevaccine with aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant on days 0, 10, and 20. The last 2 groups (nonvaccinated- challenged [NV-C] and nonchallenged [NC]) were fed a sham treatment. All 24 pigs in groups AQ, CAP, IM, and NV-C were challenge exposed with 5 ml of a 10% pneumonic lung suspension administered on day 40 via intubation of the trachea. All pigs were slaughtered and the lungs removed and examined for lesions on day 68.Results—In vitro studies indicated that these 2 microencapsulation techniques formed an effective shell and protected mycoplasmal antigen from gastric acid. Results of inoculation and challenge tests indicated that microencapsulatedM hyopneumoniaewere sufficiently potent to induce an immune response and provide good protection.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Orally administered microencapsulatedM hyopneumoniaevaccines induced an immune response and reduced the severity of lung lesions in challengeexposed pigs. Results suggest that this novel method can be applied to other antigens, because the spray-drying process yielded an orally administeredM hyopneumoniaevaccine that induced a good immune response. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:1118–1123)
Effect of genistein on replication of bovine herpesvirus type 1
Authors: Akula Shaw M. , Hurley David J. , Wixon Regina L. , Wang Chungyang , Chase Christopher C. L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To study the antiviral activity of genistein, a soya isoflavone, on in vitro replication of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1).Sample Population—Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells.Procedure—Effects of genistein on the magnitude and kinetics of inhibition of BHV-1 phosphorylation of glycoprotein E (gE) and in vitro replication of BHV-1 in MDBK cells were evaluated. Antiviral activity of genistein was compared with 2 compounds, estradiol-17β (EST) and tamoxifen (TAM), that have estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the concentration of genistein in medium from infected and uninfected MDBK cultures.Results—Genistein reduced BHV-1, but not gE-deleted BHV-1 (BHV-1gEΔ3.1), replication by 90% at 18 hours after inoculation. This inhibition was not sustained through 24 hours after inoculation. The genistein concentration in media from MDBK cells was decreased by 40% during BHV-1 infection, compared with 16% for uninfected cells, at 24 hours after inoculation. Genistein inhibited gE phosphorylation and BHV- 1 replication in a dose-dependent manner. Dosing with 25 µMgenistein at 0 and 12 hours after inoculation of BHV-1 was optimal for decreasing BHV-1 replication. Estradiol-17β EST and TAM did not affect BHV-1 replication.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The decrease in genistein concentration was a viral infection-dependent event. Genistein is an inhibitor of BHV-1 replication because of its ability to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity. A possible application may be for the control of BHV-1 infection in cattle by feeding soya products rich in genistein prior to or during periods of stress. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1124–1128)
Activating mutations in the catalytic or juxtamembrane domain of c- kit in splenic mast cell tumors of cats
Authors: Dank Gillians , Chien May B. , London Cheryl A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate splenic mast cell tumors (MCT) of cats for activating mutations in the protooncogene c-kit.Sample Population—10 formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded splenic MCT from cats in the pathology database of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis.Procedure—Genomic DNA was isolated from tumor specimens, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was performed for exons 11, 12, and 17. The PCR products were analyzed by use of agarose gel electrophoresis and then directly sequenced.Results—We did not identify mutations in the juxtamembrane domain (encoded by exons 11 and 12) or catalytic domain (encoded by exon 17) of c-kitin any of the splenic MCT specimens.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although mutations in the proto-oncogene c-kitoccur frequently in naturally developing MCT in dogs and aggressive mastocytosis in humans, the data reported here documented that dysregulation of Kit function through activating mutations is unlikely in splenic MCT of cats. Therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting Kit signaling (ie, kinase inhibitors such as imatinib [STI571]) may not be of benefit for the treatment of this disease in cats. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1129–1133).
Effects of anti-arthritis preparations on gene expression and enzyme activity of cyclooxygenase-2 in cultured equine chondrocytes
Authors: Tung Jayne T. , Venta Patrick J. , Eberhart Susan W. , Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan Vilma , Alexander Lee , Caron John P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of recombinant equine interleukin -1β (reIL-1β) and 4 anti-inflammatory compounds on the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in cultured equine chondrocytes.Sample Population—Articular cartilage from 9 young adult horses.Procedure—Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction methods were used to amplify a portion of equine COX-2 to prepare a cDNA probe. Northern blot analysis was used to quantify the expression of COX-2 in first-passage cultures of equine articular chondrocytes propagated in media containing dexamethasone (DEX), phenylbutazone (PBZ), polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, and hyaluronan, each at concentrations of 10 and 100 µg/ml and each with or without reIL-1β. A commercial immunoassay was used to determine prostaglandin E2(PGE2) concentrations in conditioned medium of similarly treated cells to quantify COX-2 activity.Results—Addition of reIL-1β increased the expression of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner, which was paralleled by an increased concentration of PGE2in culture medium. Concentration of PGE2in spent medium from reIL-1β-treated chondrocytes was significantly reduced by DEX and PBZ; however, only DEX significantly reduced gene expression of COX-2.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prostaglandin E2is considered to be an important mediator in the pathophysiologic processes of arthritis, and cultured chondrocytes respond to interleukin-1 with enhanced expression and activity of COX-2. Palliative relief in affected horses is probably attributable, in part, to inhibition of PGE2synthesis; however, analysis of these data suggests that of the 4 compounds tested, only DEX affects pretranslational regulation of the COX-2 gene in cultured equine chondrocytes. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1134–1139)
Effect of prolonged water immersion on equine hoof epidermis in vitro
Authors: Wagner Ilka P. , Hood David M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of prolonged water exposure on tissue mass and solutes of outer and inner layers of the stratum medium, sole, frog, and the stratum medium (SMZA) zona alba layer of horses' hooves.Specimen Population—10 hooves from 10 horses without foot abnormalities.Procedure—Hoof wall tissue specimens were obtained and immersed for 10 days in distilled deionized water. Serial changes in mass were recorded during the immersion period. Subsequently, osmolarity and Na+, K+, Cl–, and protein concentrations of the immersion solution were quantified.Results—Fully cornified outer hoof wall, sole, and frog epidermal structures increased in mass, whereas the SMZA lost mass when immersed in water. All hoof structures had a variable loss of crystalloids during immersion, but none of the specimens lost proteins. The frog epidermis was distinct in that total solute lost during immersion could not be ascribed to Na+, K+, and Cl–.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data support a 2-compartment model for the fully cornified outer stratum medium, frog, and sole that permits the exchange of crystalloids, but not proteins, across the cell membrane and infers that topical agents containing proteins cannot benefit the hoof. The unique osmotic behavior of the SMZA relative to other hoof structures suggests the hypothesis that it is composed of transitional epithelial cells. The solutes lost from frog epithelium are interpreted to reflect its unique lipid composition. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1140–1144)
Hematologic and serum biochemical changes in Salmonella ser Typhimurium-infected calves
Authors: Santos Renato L. , Tsolis Renée M. , Bäumler Andreas J. , Adams L. Garry 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate hematologic and serum biochemical changes inSalmonellaser Typhimurium infected calves.Animals—16 male 3- to 4-week-old dairy calves.Procedure—13 calves were experimentally infected withSTyphimurium (strains IR715 and CS401, which are derivatives of ATCC 14028), and 3 calves were uninfected controls. Several hematologic and serum biochemical parameters were measured.Results—Hematologic changes included increases in PCV, RBC count, and hemoglobin concentration, associated with a transitory leukopenia characterized by neutropenia and lymphopenia. Biochemical findings included hypoglycemia, increased BUN, creatinine, and fibrinogen concentrations, and decreased sodium, total CO2, calcium, total protein, and albumin concentrations. Increased total bilirubin concentration associated with decreased conjugated bilirubin concentration was also observed. No significant changes in aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatinine kinase activities were detecteConclusions and Clinical Relevance—Experimental salmonellosis of calves results in marked to severe dehydration, accompanied by metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and an acute inflammatory response associated with increased fibrinogen concentrations and severe neutropenia immediately after inoculation. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1145–1150)
Computed tomographic osteoabsorptiometry of the elbow joint in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Samii Valerie F. , Les Clifford M. , Schulz Kurt S. , Keyak Joyce H. , Stover Susan M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate subchondral bone density patterns in elbow joints of clinically normal dogs by use of computed tomographic (CT) osteoabsorptiometry.Sample Population—20 cadaver forelimbs from 10 clinically normal dogs.Procedure—Each elbow joint was imaged in parasagittal and transverse planes of 1.5-mm thickness. Slice data were converted to dipotassium phosphate equivalent density (PPED) values. Sagittal, parasagittal, and transverse medial coronoid process topographic maps were constructed. Defined zones were created for each of the 3 CT planes, and confluence and peak PPED values were determined.Results—The lowest PPED value was 340 mg/ml (articular and subchondral confluence), and the highest was 1780 mg/ml (peak subchondral density). Detectable effects of joint laterality were not found in the confluence or peak PPED measurements or in the peak-to-confluence PPED ratio for all 3 CT planes. Significant differences were found among zones in all 3 planes for confluence and peak PPED measurements and between sagittal and transverse planes for peak-to-confluence PPED ratios. Subjectively, the pattern of density distribution among dogs was fairly consistent for the sagittal and parasagittal slices. Three specific patterns of density distribution were apparent on the transverse topographic maps of the medial coronoid process that corresponded to conformational differences.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The use of CT osteoabsorptiometry provides a repeatable technique that can be used to noninvasively examine bone density and the effects of stress acting on joints in vivo. Variability in density values for any of the CT planes was not identified among clinically normal dogs. (Am J Vet Ress 2002;63:1159–1166
Effect of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus coinfection on pathogenicity of the small variant of Haemobartonella felis in cats
Authors: George Jeanne W. , Rideout Bruce A. , Griffey Stephen M. , Pedersen Niels C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate the effects of preexisting FeLV infection or FeLV and feline immunodeficiency (FIV) coinfection on the pathogenicity of the small variant ofHaemobartonella felis(Hfsm, California variant) in cats.Animals—20 FeLV infected, 5 FeLV-FIV coinfected, and 19 retrovirus-free cats.Procedure—A client-owned cat, coinfected with FeLV and Hfsm, was the source for Hfsm. Inoculum 1 (FeLV free) was obtained by passage of source Hfsm through 4 FeLV-resistant cats. Inoculum 2 was obtained by further passage of Hfsm (inoculum 1) through 2 specific pathogenfree cats.Results—A mild-to-moderate anemia started 21 days after inoculation, with its nadir occurring at 35 to 42 days after inoculation. Infection with Hfsm induced greater decrease in hemoglobin concentration in FeLV infected cats, compared with retrovirus free cats. Reticulocytosis, macrocytosis, and polychromasia of erythrocytes developed in anemic cats regardless of retrovirus infection status. Mean neutrophil counts decreased during the hemolytic episode. For most cats, the anemia was transient. Four FeLV infected cats, 1 of which was also FIV infected, developed fatal FeLV-associated myeloproliferative diseases. Of the surviving cats, 8 died over the next 24 months from other FeLV-related diseases. Hemolysis did not recur after the initial episode. Inoculum 1 induced more severe anemia than inoculum 2.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Our results support the clinical observation that cats coinfected with FeLV and H felis develop more severe anemia than cats infected with H felis alone. Infection with Hfsm may induce myeloproliferative disease in FeLV infected cats. The small variant of H felis may lose pathogenicity by passage through FeLV-free cats. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1172–1178)
Effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus alone, bovine rotavirus alone, or concurrent infection with both on enteric disease in gnotobiotic neonatal calves
Authors: Kelling Clayton L. , Steffen David J. , Cooper Vickie L. , Higuchi Deborrah S. , Eskridge Kent M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare experimentally induced concurrent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine rotavirus (BRV) with infection of either virus alone in calves.Animals—Seventeen 1-day-old gnotobiotic calves.Procedure—Calves were allotted to 8 treatments as follows: group 1, mock-infected control calves (n = 2); group 2, inoculated with BVDV on day 1 (2); groups 3, 5, and 7, inoculated with BRV on days 1 (2), 4 (1), or 7 (2), respectively; and groups 4, 6, and 8, inoculated with BVDV on day 1 and with BRV on days 1 (2), 4 (2), or 7 (4), respectively. Concentrations of BVDV in serum and ileal tissues were measured, and BRV shedding in feces was determined. Histologic examination and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted to detect lesions and viral antigens.Results—Neonatal calves inoculated with BVDV alone or with BVDV on day 1 and BRV on day 7 developed villus atrophy and submucosal inflammation of the intestines. Concurrent BVDV and BRV infections acted synergistically in the intestinal tract, causing more severe enteric disease than infection with either virus alone. Severe lymphoid depletion was associated with BVDV infection in calves regardlesss of concurrent BRV infection.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infection with BVDV played direct and indirect roles in enteritis in neonatal calves, causing villus atrophy in the duodenum and submucosal inflammation of the intestines. Also, BVDV potentiated effects of BRV. Concurrent infection with BVDV and BRV resulted in more severe enteric disease in neonatal calves than infection with BRV or BVDV alone. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1179–1186)