bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of porosity and environmental impact on fatigue life of magnesium alloys
Authors: Heuler P. , Grimm J. , Fuhrmann K. , Troßmann T. , Eulitz K.‐G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBased on experimental investigations using specimens with different grades of porosity, a significant influence of the material condition of die‐cast magnesium alloys on the accuracy of fatigue‐life estimation according to the local‐strain approach is verified if the data‐base is not related to the microstructure of the component. In order to address this transferability issue, a porosity‐depending formulation is proposed. Based on a sensitivity analysis, a simplified, empirical engineering approach has been derived that describes the effect of the inherent porosity on fatigue strength via the fatigue‐strength exponent b. Furthermore, it is shown that the degradation of the fatigue‐behaviour in chloride‐containing media is not simply determined by the external corrosive attack, but also influenced by inner defects competing with the environmental impact.
Approaches for fatigue assessment of welded joints in automotive industry
Authors: Greuling S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe numerical fatigue assessment of seam welded joints is of significant importance in automotive industry. In order to use the fatigue concepts, which are available in the literature, in series calculations, they usually have to be implemented into commercial software programmes. In the following contribution the possibilities available are discussed with respect to the needs in automotive industry. No specific commercial software will be discussed in detail. At the end open questions for developments necessary in the future will be addressed.
Service fatigue design of complex welded construction equipment
Authors: Samuelsson J. , Jonsson B. , Barsoum Z. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMany steel structures and components are fabricated from steel plates and steel castings. The dominating joining method is welding for all kinds of transport vehicles and this paper describes briefly main problems in connection with design and fabrication of fatigue loaded structures. Design and fabrication has developed during the last 30 years and today we have tools, methods and knowledge to produce more optimised structures. Some of the work has been performed as joint work within Nordic projects and within IIW (International Institute of Welding). FE‐modelling, improved design rules, knowledge about influence from defects and residual stresses, new manufacturing methods and scientific based weld quality rules are briefly discussed in this paper.
Characterization of an alternatively spliced GADD45α, GADD45α1 isoform, in arsenic‐treated epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Yadong , Beezhold Kevin , Castranova Vince , Shi Xianglin , Chen Fei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new GADD45α isoform, GADD45α1, was identified in the cellular response to arsenic. DNA sequencing and biochemical analyses suggested that GADD45α1 is derived from an alternative splicing of the GADD45α mRNA by skipping the region corresponding to exon2 of the gadd45α gene during mRNA maturation. In addition to the size difference due to the lack of 34 amino acids encoded by exon2, GADD45α1 and GADD45α proteins differ in their effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle transition. Unlike GADD45α, the GADD45α1 is unable to attenuate cell growth. In over‐expression experiments, the full length GADD45α, but not the GADD45α1, sensitized cells to arsenic‐induced prometaphase arrest of the cell cycle. Furthermore, GADD45α1 appears to be able to antagonize the function of the GADD45α on the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest as demonstrated in cotransfection experiment. Thus, these data suggest that the generation of the GADD45α1 isoform may not only offset but also antagonize the effects of arsenic and GADD45α on cell growth and cell cycle regulation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of the microRNAs miR‐34a, miR‐127, and miR‐200b in rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a methyl‐deficient diet
Authors: Tryndyak Volodymyr P. , Ross Sharon A. , Beland Frederick A. , Pogribny Igor P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAltered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported in diverse human cancers; however, the down‐regulation or up‐regulation of any particular miRNAs in cancer is not sufficient to address the role of these changes in carcinogenesis. In this study, using the rat model of liver carcinogenesis induced by a methyl‐deficient diet, which is relevant to the hepatocarcinogenesis in humans associated with viral hepatitis C and B infections, alcohol exposure and metabolic liver diseases, we showed that the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by prominent early changes in expression of miRNA genes, specifically by inhibition of expression of microRNAs miR‐34a, miR‐127, miR‐200b, and miR‐16a involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, cell‐to‐cell connection, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. The mechanistic link between these alterations in miRNAs expression and the development of HCC was confirmed by the corresponding changes in the levels of E2F3, NOTCH1, BCL6, ZFHX1B, and BCL2 proteins targeted by these miRNAs. The significance of miRNAs expression dysregulation in respect to hepatocarcinogenesis was confirmed by the persistence of these miRNAs alterations in the livers of methyl‐deficient rats re‐fed a methyl‐adequate diet. Altogether, the early occurrence of alterations in miRNAs expression and their persistence during the entire process of hepatocarcinogenesis indicate that the dysregulation of microRNAs expression may be an important contributing factor in the development of HCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and claudin‐2 participate in A549 permeability and remodeling: Implications for non‐small cell lung cancer tumor colonization
Authors: Peter Yakov , Comellas Alejandro , Levantini Elena , Ingenito Edward P. , Shapiro Steven D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTumor colonization involves changes in cell permeability and remodeling. Paracellular permeability is regulated by claudins, integrated tight junction (TJ) proteins, located on the apicolateral portion of epithelial cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was reported to modify cellular claudin levels and induce remodeling. To investigate a role for EGF receptor (EGFR) activation in tumor colonization we studied the effect of EGF and claudin‐2 overexpression on permeability and cell reorganization in the human A549 non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. Our data demonstrated that A549 cells possess functional TJs and that EGF treatment increased levels of claudin‐2 expression by 46%. Furthermore, EGFR signaling reduced monolayer permeability to choline and triggered cellular remodeling. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 blocked the effect on A549 permeability and remodeling. EGF stimulation also exacerbated a fourfold increase in cell colonization elicited by claudin‐2 upregulation. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that EGFR signaling plays an important role in A549 cell physiology and acts synergistically with claudin‐2 to accelerate tumor colonization. Understanding the influence of EGF on A549 cell permeability and reorganization will help shed light on NSCLC tumor colonization and contribute to the development of novel anti‐cancer treatments. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced skin carcinogenesis and lack of thymus hyperplasia in transgenic mice expressing human cyclin D1b (CCND1b)
Authors: Rojas Paola , Benavides Fernando , Blando Jorge , Perez Carlos , Cardenas Kim , Richie Ellen , Knudsen Erik S. , Johnson David G. , Senderowicz Adrian M. , Rodriguez‐Puebla Marcelo L. , Conti Claudio J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCyclin D1b is an alternative transcript of the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) expressed in human tumors. Its abundance is regulated by a single base pair polymorphism at the exon 4/intron 4 boundary (nucleotide 870). Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between the presence of the G870A allele (that favors the splicing for cyclin D1b) with increased risk and less favorable outcome in several forms of cancer. More recently, it has been shown that, unlike cyclin D1a, the alternative transcript D1b by itself has the capacity to transform fibroblasts in vitro. In order to study the oncogenic potential of cyclin D1b, we developed transgenic mice expressing human cyclin D1b under the control of the bovine K5 promoter (K5D1b mice). Seven founders were obtained and none of them presented any significant phenotype or developed spontaneous tumors. Interestingly, K5D1b mice do not develop the fatal thymic hyperplasia, which is characteristic of the cyclin D1a transgenic mice (K5D1a). Susceptibility to skin carcinogenesis was tested in K5D1b mice using two‐stage carcinogenesis protocols. In two independent experiments, K5D1b mice developed higher papilloma multiplicity as compared with wild‐type littermates. However, when K5D1b mice were crossed with cyclin D1KO mice, the expression of cyclin D1b was unable to rescue the carcinogenesis‐resistant phenotype of the cyclin D1 KO mice. To further explore the role of cyclin D1b in mouse models of carcinogenesis we carried out in silico analysis and in vitro experiments to evaluate the existence of a mouse homologous of the human cyclin D1b transcript. We were unable to find any evidence of an alternatively spliced transcript in mouse Ccnd1. These results show that human cyclin D1b has different biological functions than cyclin D1a and confirm its oncogenic properties. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying fallers with Parkinson's disease using home‐based tests: Who is at risk?
Authors: Lim Inge , van Wegen Erwin , Jones Diana , Rochester Lynn , Nieuwboer Alice , Willems Anne Marie , Baker Katherine , Hetherington Vicki , Kwakkel Gert 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe objective of this work is to determine risk factors for falling in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using home‐based assessments and develop a prediction model. Data on falls, balance, gait‐related activities, and nonmotor symptoms were obtained from 153 PD patients (Hoehn‐Yahr 2–4) in their home. Fifty‐one candidate determinants for falling were independently tested using bivariate logistic regression analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify patients susceptible to falls. Sixty‐six subjects (43%) were classified as fallers. Eighteen determinants for falling were selected. The final multivariate model showed an accuracy of 74% and included: (1) Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, (2) Timed Get Up and Go (TGUG) score, (3) disease duration, (4) item 15 of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Based on disease duration, freezing symptoms, walking problems, and a prolonged TGUG duration, assessed in the home situation, it was possible to accurately identify 74% of PD patients as fallers. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
DFT and multinuclear magnetic resonance studies of diazenedicarboxylates and related compounds
Authors: Mocci Francesca , Usai Michele , Cerioni Giovanni 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA number of diazenedicarboxylates have been studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance (17O, 15N, 13C) and compared with analogous fumaric, maleic, and phthalic diesters; the investigation of selected compounds of these classes was complemented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the solvent, employing the PBE0 functional together with the 6‐311G(d,p) basis set for geometry optimization, and the 6‐311 + G(2d,p) basis set for calculating the NMR shielding using the gauge‐including atomic orbital (GIAO) method. This combined approach provided important information about the preferred conformations in chloroform and their influence on the NMR parameters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial structure of peptides determined by residual dipolar couplings analysis
Authors: Klochkov Vladimir V. , Baikeev Roustem F. , Skirda Vladimir D. , Klochkov Anton V. , Muhamadiev Farhat R. , Baskyr Igor , Berger Stefan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe gated decoupled 13C NMR spectra of a dipeptide (Glu‐Trp) and a tetrapeptide (NAc‐Ser‐Phe‐Val‐Gly‐OMe) were recorded in D2O and in a lyotropic alignment medium (pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether/n‐hexanol). The residual dipolar couplings were extracted as the differences between the observed couplings for the magnetic nuclei dissolved in the latter and former media. Using a computational optimization, the spatial structures of the compounds were calculated starting from their respective low energy conformations obtained on a semiempirical basis. The uniformity of each conformation was confirmed by the solid‐state 13C NMR spectra of powder samples. Differences between the starting structures and final ones, optimized when employing residual dipolar couplings, are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure and biological activity of chosen DDT‐type insecticides studied by 35Cl‐NQR
Authors: Jadżyn Maciej , Nogaj Bolesław 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA correlation between the electronic structure and biological activity of chosen dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)‐type insecticides: 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane, 1,1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane, 2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dichloroethylene, 2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethanoic acid and 4,4′‐dichlorobenzophenone (used in agriculture) has been analysed on the basis of the 35Cl‐nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy. The 35Cl‐NQR resonance frequencies measured at 77 K have been correlated with the lethal dose (LD50) parameter that characterises the biological activity of these insecticides. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectral data for three new triterpenoid saponins from Ilex hainanensis Merr.
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Qing , Yang Jie , Liu Xiao‐Xiao , Lai Mao‐Xiang , Wang Qiang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThree new oleanane‐type triterpenoid saponins, ilexhainanoside C, D and E, all with 24, 28‐dioic acid groups, were isolated from the leaves of Ilex hainanensis. They were 3β‐hydroxyolean‐12‐ene‐24, 28‐dioic acid‐28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside(1), 3β, 19α‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐ene‐24, 28‐dioic acid‐28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside(2) and 3β, 29‐dihydroxyolean‐12‐ene‐24, 28‐dioic acid‐28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside(3). The structures of these three new compounds were elucidated and complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data were achieved by 1D and 2D NMR experiments [heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), HMBC and rotational nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY)]. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of concepts, development of treatment and growth of concern
Authors: Lader Malcolm 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders have changed markedly over the past 50 years and continue to evolve. However, Professor Malcolm Lader, Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychopharmacology, King's College London, argued in his Keynote Lecture at the Latest Advances in Psychiatry Symposium earlier in the year, that these changes might reflect less conceptual and pathophysiological developments and more perceived treatability. Medical writer, Mark Greener, reports. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu‐CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐hu3S193 radioimmunotherapy in prostate cancer is enhanced by EGFR inhibition or docetaxel chemotherapy
Authors: Kelly Marcus P. , Lee Sze Ting , Lee F.‐T. , Smyth Fiona E. , Davis Ian D. , Brechbiel Martin W. , Scott Andrew M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of Lutetium‐177 (177Lu) radiolabeled anti‐Lewis Y monoclonal antibody hu3S193 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts. The ability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 and docetaxel chemotherapy to enhance the efficacy of RIT was also assessed in vivo.METHODSThe in vitro cytotoxicity of 177Lu labeled hu3S193 on Ley positive DU145 prostate cancer cells was assessed using proliferation assays, with induction of apoptosis measured by ELISA. The in vivo biodistribution and tumor localization of 177Lu‐hu3S193 was assessed in mice bearing established DU145 tumor xenografts. The efficacy and maximum tolerated dose of 177Lu‐hu3S193 RIT in vivo was determined by a dose escalation study. EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or docetaxel chemotherapy was administered at sub‐therapeutic doses in conjunction with RIT in vivo.RESULTS177Lu‐hu3S193 mediated significant induction of cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro. In vivo analysis of 177Lu‐hu3S193 biodistribution demonstrated specific targeting of DU145 prostate cancer xenografts, with maximal tumor uptake of 33.2 ± 3.9%ID/g observed at 120 hr post‐injection. In RIT studies, 177Lu‐hu3S193 caused specific and dose‐dependent inhibition of prostate cancer tumor growth. A maximum tolerated dose of 350 µCi was determined for 177Lu‐hu3S193. Combination of 177Lu‐hu3S193 RIT with EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or docetaxel chemotherapy both significantly improved efficacy.CONCLUSIONS177Lu‐hu3S193 RIT is effective as a single agent in the treatment of Ley positive prostate cancer models. The enhancement of RIT by AG1478 or docetaxel indicates the promise of combined modality strategies. Prostate 69: 92–104, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Differential age‐associated regulation of clusterin expression in prostate lobes of brown norway rats
Authors: Omwancha Josephat , Anway Matthew D. , Brown Terry R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDSerum androgen concentrations decline with age in male Brown Norway rats and castration induces apoptosis of luminal secretory epithelial cells in the ventral but not in the dorsal and lateral prostate lobes. Clusterin has been described as an androgen‐repressed gene and a protein with either anti‐ or pro‐apoptotic actions.METHODSWe measured clusterin mRNA and protein levels, the effects of aging and castration on clusterin protein levels and clusterin immunolocalization within the prostatic ductal network in the prostate lobes of young and aged rats.RESULTSWhereas levels of clusterin mRNA and protein expression measured by RT‐PCR and Western blot, respectively, were higher in the ventral and lateral lobes of aged (24 months) compared to young (4 months) rats, no age‐dependent differences were observed in the dorsal lobe. Clusterin expression was localized by immunohistochemistry exclusively to the proximal duct segment of young rats, but extended to the distal segment of the ventral and lateral lobes of aged rats. Despite an age‐related decrease in serum testosterone concentration, clusterin gene expression was not altered in the dorsal lobe. After castration, levels of clusterin expression increased significantly in the ventral and lateral lobes despite the absence of epithelial cell apoptosis in the latter. In castrated rats, clusterin expression extended throughout the proximal–distal duct regions of the prostate lobes of young and aged rats.CONCLUSIONRegulation of clusterin expression in the prostate lobes of aging rats appears complex and is neither directly repressed by androgen nor dependent on apoptotic‐induced stress. Prostate 69: 115–125, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
PI3K/Akt‐dependent transcriptional regulation and activation of BMP‐2‐Smad signaling by NF‐κB in metastatic prostate cancer cells
Authors: Graham Tisheeka R. , Odero‐Marah Valerie A. , Chung Leland W. , Agrawal Krishna C. , Davis Rodney , Abdel‐Mageed Asim B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) exert osteoinductive effects in prostate cancer (PC) via uncharacterized mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether the nuclear transcription factor NF‐κB, implicated in PC metastasis, is involved in transcriptional regulation and activation of BMP‐2 or BMP‐4/Smad signaling in PC cells.METHODSNF‐κB inhibition was achieved by IκBα super‐repressor adenoviral vector and activation was monitored by EMSA and reporter assays. BMP expression and activation was measured by PCR and reporter assays. Promoter binding assay was performed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation was measured by Western blot analysis.RESULTSPCR and chimeric BMP‐2 and BMP‐4 luciferase assays demonstrate that NF‐κB confers robust and selective activation of BMP‐2 in p65 overexpressing or rhTNF‐α‐stimulated PC cells. Inhibition of NF‐κB significantly reduced transcript levels and autocrine production of BMP‐2 by rhTNF‐α stimulated C4‐2B cells and to a lesser extent by the parental LNCaP cells. Selective inhibition of PI3K/Akt suppressed the NF‐κB‐induced BMP‐2 promoter activity. Furthermore, suppression of NF‐κB activation decreased the transcript levels and BMP‐2‐induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, critical downstream targets of BMP‐2 signaling in PC cells. Notably, the activation of BMPRII by BMP‐2 is required for modulation of Smad activation by NF‐κB in PC cells. Based on ChIP analysis, the transcriptional regulation of BMP‐2 gene by NF‐κB may be partially attributed to binding to κb site on the BMP‐2 promoter.CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that PI3K/Akt‐NF‐κB axis may promote PC bone metastasis in part by regulating transcription and activation of the BMP‐2‐Smad signaling cascade in osteotropic PC cells. Prostate 69: 168–180, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
History of the Term Prostate
Authors: Josef Marx Franz , Karenberg Axel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe comprehensively review the history of the word “prostate” and related terms from 600 BC to the present.METHODSBoth medical and non‐medical ancient texts were searched to clarify the term's etymology and use. Anatomy textbooks of the 16th through the 18th century were analyzed to identify descriptions, illustrations and various expressions used by contemporary authors to designate the prostate.RESULTSIn ancient Greek the masculine term “prostatēs” meant “president” and was exclusively used in a non‐medical sense. It was not until the Renaissance that anatomists discovered the organ naming it “glandulous body.” In 1600 the French physician du Laurens introduced the metaphoric denomination “prostatae.” However he and his contemporaries misinterpreted the history of the organ and the term, choose the wrong gender when translating it into Latin, and believed that it designated a double organ. Only in the 1800s was this anatomical error corrected while the grammatical one lived on.CONCLUSIONSThe history of the term “prostate” is a prime example of the difficulties with which the development of a precise urologic terminology had to struggle. At the same time this retrospective view provides a stimulus to avoid linguistic ambiguity in the future. Prostate 69: 208–213, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.