bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting stroke risk after sepsis hospitalization with new‐onset atrial fibrillation
Authors: Myers Laura C. , Peltan Ithan D. , Thai Khanh K. , Kipnis Patricia , Desai Manisha , Devis Ycar , Clancy Heather , Lu Yun W. , Brown Samuel M. , Go Alan S. , Neugebauer Romain S. , Liu Vincent X. , Walkey Allan J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundNew‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF) during sepsis is common, but models designed to stratify stroke risk excluded patients with secondary AF. We assessed the predictive validity of CHA2DS2VASc scores among patients with new‐onset AF during sepsis and developed a novel stroke prediction model incorporating presepsis and intrasepsis characteristics.MethodsWe included patients ≥40 years old who survived hospitalizations with sepsis and new‐onset AF across 21 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals from January 1, 2011 to September 30, 2017. We calculated the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for CHA2DS2VASc scores to predict stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 1 year after a hospitalization with new‐onset AF during sepsis using Fine‐Gray models with death as competing risk. We similarly derived and validated a novel model using presepsis and intrasepsis characteristics associated with 1‐year stroke/TIA risk.ResultsAmong 82,748 adults hospitalized with sepsis, 3992 with new‐onset AF (median age: 80 years, median CHA2DS2VASc of 4) survived to discharge, among whom 70 (2.1%) experienced stroke or TIA outcome and 1393 (41.0%) died within 1 year of sepsis. The CHA2DS2VASc score was not predictive of stroke risk after sepsis (AUC: 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–0.52). A newly derived model among 2555 (64%) patients in the derivation set and 1437 (36%) in the validation set included 13 variables and produced an AUC of 0.61 (0.49–0.73) in derivation and 0.54 (0.43–0.65) in validation.ConclusionCurrent models do not accurately stratify risk of stroke following new‐onset AF secondary to sepsis. New tools are required to guide anticoagulation decisions following new‐onset AF in sepsis.
Long‐term outcome of high‐power ablation guided by ablation index in the treatment of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mao Shaobin , Wang Leigang , Fan Hongxuan , Yang Ling , Wang Xun , Liang Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐power ablation has been widely used in atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there were many studies observed the outcomes of the short‐term follow‐up. This study aims to the long‐term results of high‐power ablation guided by ablation index (AI) in patients with AF.MethodsAnalysis of patients with AF, who first received high‐power (40–50 W) ablation, to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2020 to March 2022. All patients were managed perioperatively according to the routine treatment procedures. High‐power ablation was conducted under the guidance of our conventional power AI and baseline data, first‐pass PVI rate, ablation time, operative time, and long‐term surgical success rate were analyzed.ResultsA total of 83 patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 61.62 ± 9.04 years, 47 male patients, and 49 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. All patients achieved PVI, and the rate of first pass was 82%. The ablation time of the left atrial was 28.54 ± 9.11 min. There were no serious complications related to ablation, and only a small amount of pericardial effusion was found in 4 patients. During the follow‐up period of 26.36 ± 6.11 months, 8 patients were lost to follow‐up and the overall success rate was 84%, including 91% for paroxysmal AF and 71% for persistent AF.ConclusionHigh‐power ablation long‐term results appear a high freedom atrial arrhythmia, but further expanded samples are needed for controlled studies.
Near‐infrared fluorescence lymph node template region dissection plus backup lymphadenectomy in open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer using an innovative handheld device: A single center experience
Authors: Püllen Lukas , Costa Pedro F. , Darr Christopher , Hess Jochen , Kesch Claudia , Rehme Christian , Wahl Milan , Yirga Leubet , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Herrmann Ken , Hadaschik Boris A. , Tschirdewahn Stephan , Krafft Ulrich 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND) as part of radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. Sentinel‐based and lymphangiographic approaches could lead to reduced morbidity without sacrificing oncologic safety.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic value of fluorescence‐guided template sentinel region dissection (FTD) using a handheld near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) camera in open radical cystectomy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAfter peritumoral cystoscopic injection of indocyanine green (ICG) 21 patients underwent open RC with FTD due to BC between June 2019 and June 2021. Intraoperatively, the FIS‐00 Hamamatsu Photonics® NIRF camera was used to identify and resect fluorescent template sentinel regions (FTRs) followed by extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (ePLND) as oncological back‐up.Outcome Measurement and Statistical AnalysisDescriptive analysis of positive and negative results per template region.Results and LimitationsFTRs were identified in all 21 cases. Median time (range) from ICG injection to fluorescence detection was 75 (55–125) minutes. On average (SD), 33.4 (9.6) lymph nodes were dissected per patient. Considering template regions as the basis of analysis, 67 (38.3%) of 175 resected regions were NIRF‐positive, with 13 (7.4%) regions harboring lymph node metastases. We found no metastatic lymph nodes in NIRF‐negative template regions. Outside the standard template, two NIRF‐positive benign nodes were identified.ConclusionThe concept of NIRF‐guided FTD proved for this group all lymph node metastases to be found in NIRF‐positive template regions. Pending validation in a larger collective, resection of approximately 40% of standard regions may be sufficient and may result in less morbidity.
Oncoplastic reconstruction with breast‐conserving treatment versus breast‐conserving treatment alone in the elderly
Authors: Ambika Menon , Lara Schwieger , Faulkner Heather R. , Toncred Styblo , Albert Losken 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesOncoplastic reconstruction (IOR) performed in conjunction with breast conserving therapy (BCT) has been found to improve psychosocial well‐being, reduce hospitalization time, and reduce cost burden. Few studies have looked at the safety profile, complication rates, and overall outcomes in patients ages 65 years and older undergoing IOR versus BCT alone.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional, single‐institution medical record review was conducted of women diagnosed with breast cancer age 65 years or older who received IOR or BCT alone. Demographics, clinical data, and major and minor complication profiles were compared between cohorts.ResultsA total of 310 patients were included. Of these, 126 received IOR, while 184 received BCT alone. Age >85 was found to have a significantly higher risk for any complication and was an independent predictor for experiencing any complication (OR: 8.5, p = 0.015; OR: 1.06, p = 0.029). Major complication rates were significantly higher in the BCT cohort (16.9% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.023).ConclusionIOR in the elderly is a safe option and was not found to be a predictor of experiencing higher complications. Patients who are 85 years and older had a higher risk of complications, and future studies may explore risk‐benefit in that particular cohort of patients in which BCT is planned.
Nonresponse data in sexual well‐being among breast reconstruction patients—who are we overlooking?
Authors: Kim Minji , Vingan Perri , Boe Lillian A. , Tadros Audree B. , Nelson Jonas A. , Stern Carrie S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMissing data can affect the representativeness and accuracy of survey results, and sexual health‐related surveys are especially at a higher risk of nonresponse due to their sensitive nature and stigma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proportion of patients who do not complete the BREAST‐Q Sexual Well‐being relative to other BREAST‐Q modules and compare responders versus nonresponders of Sexual Well‐being. We secondarily examined variables associated with Sexual Well‐being at 1‐year.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients who underwent breast reconstruction from January 2018 to December 2021 and completed any of the BREAST‐Q modules postoperatively at 1‐year was performed.ResultsThe 2941 patients were included. Of the four BREAST‐Q domains, Sexual Well‐being had the highest rate of nonresponse (47%). Patients who were separated (vs. married, OR = 0.69), whose primary language was not English (vs. English, OR = 0.60), and had Medicaid insurance (vs. commercial, OR = 0.67) were significantly less likely to complete the Sexual Well‐being. Postmenopausal patients were significantly more likely to complete the survey than premenopausal patients. Lastly, autologous reconstruction patients were 2.93 times more likely to respond than implant‐based reconstruction patients (p < 0.001) while delayed (vs. immediate, OR = 0.70, p = 0.022) and unilateral (vs. bilateral, OR = 0.80, p = 0.008) reconstruction patients were less likely to respond. History of psychiatric diagnosis, aromatase inhibitors, and immediate breast reconstruction were significantly associated with lower Sexual Well‐being at 1‐year.ConclusionSexual Well‐being is the least frequently completed BREAST‐Q domain, and there are demographic and clinical differences between responders and nonresponders. We encourage providers to recognize patterns in nonresponse data for Sexual‐Well‐being to ensure that certain patient population's sexual health concerns are not overlooked.
Massed written exposure therapy delivered to veterans with posttraumatic stress symptoms on an acute inpatient mental health unit
Authors: Ennis Chelsea R. , Raines Amanda M. , Boffa Joseph W. , Shapiro Mary O. , Dornbach‐Bender Allison , Ferrie Mara L. , Fondren Alana H. , Vidaurri Desirae N. , Walton Jessica L. , Chambliss Jessica L. , Franklin C. Laurel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWritten exposure therapy (WET) is a brief, manualized trauma‐focused treatment typically delivered in five individual weekly sessions. Given the brevity and effectiveness of WET, researchers have begun to focus on its delivery in a massed format. However, only one case study examining massed delivery has been published to date. As such, the objective of the current study was to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of massed WET among veterans with a trauma‐ and stressor‐related disorder receiving care on an acute inpatient mental health unit. Veterans (N = 26) were assessed prior to, immediately after, and 1 month following massed WET. Most veterans found massed WET to be useful and acceptable. Recruitment and retention rates suggested that the treatment was feasible. Notably, the results revealed statistically significant reductions in overall posttraumatic stress symptoms, ηp2 = .81, p < .001; depressive symptoms, ηp2 = .71, p < .001; and functional impairment, ηp2 = .42, p = .002. These findings add to a growing body of literature highlighting the preliminary effectiveness of WET across various settings, populations, and delivery formats. Limitations include the small sample size and uncontrolled design.
Characteristic Laryngeal Findings in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Tomisato Shuta , Matsumoto Nobuharu , Yabe Haruna , Takaoka Takuji , Ozawa Hiroyuki , Kono Takeyuki 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivePemphigus Vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune disease that could cause laryngeal lesions; however, only a few studies have described the localization of the laryngeal lesions associated with this disease owing to its rarity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the localization of laryngeal lesions in patients with PV.MethodsFourteen patients with PV accompanied by laryngeal or pharyngeal lesions, who underwent flexible laryngeal endoscopy performed by laryngologists, were examined retrospectively.ResultsThe arytenoid area was the most frequently affected site in the larynx, followed by the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds. Vocal folds and ventricular bands were the least affected.ConclusionLesions in the arytenoid area were observed more frequently in this study than in previous studies. This result suggests that a more careful inspection of arytenoid lesions in patients with PV is required under laryngeal fiber observation. Moreover, we proposed a novel classification system for laryngeal findings in patients with PV and a systematic observation method. This novel classification and method would be useful not only for determining the lesions but also for careful inspection in this field.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:3719–3725, 2024
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals inflammatory retinal microglia in experimental autoimmune uveitis
Authors: Liu Jiangyi , Liao Xingyun , Li Na , Xu Zongren , Yang Wang , Zhou Hongxiu , Liu Yusen , Zhang Zhi , Wang Guoqing , Hou Shengping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutoimmune uveitis (AU) is a kind of immune‐mediated disease resulting in irreversible ocular damage and even permanent vision loss. However, the precise mechanism underlying dynamic immune changes contributing to disease initiation and progression of AU remains unclear. Here, we induced an experimental AU (EAU) model with IRBP651‐670 and found that day[D]14 was the inflammatory summit with remarking clinical and histopathological manifestations and the activation of retinal microglia exhibited a time‐dependent pattern in the EAU course. We conducted single‐cell RNA sequencing of retinal immune cells in EAU mice at four time points and found microglia constituting the largest proportion, especially on D14. A novel inflammatory subtype (Cd74high Ccl5high) of retinal microglia was identified at the disease peak that was closely associated with modulating immune responses. In vitro experiments indicated that inflammatory stimuli induced proinflammatory microglia with the upregulation of CD74 and CCL5, and CD74 overexpression in microglia elicited their proinflammatory phenotype via nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling that could be attenuated by the treatment of neutralizing CCL5 antibody to a certain extent. In‐vivo blockade of Cd74 and Ccl5 effectively alleviated retinal microglial activation and disease phenotype of EAU. Therefore, we propose targeting CD74 and CCL5 of retinal microglia as promising strategies for AU treatment.
The rising roles of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment reprogramming and cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wu Yu , Han Wenyan , Dong Hairong , Liu Xiaofeng , Su Xiulan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExosomes are indispensable for intercellular communications. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the living environment of tumor cells, which is composed of various components, including immune cells. Based on TME, immunotherapy has been recently developed for eradicating cancer cells by reactivating antitumor effect of immune cells. The communications between tumor cells and TME are crucial for tumor development, metastasis, and drug resistance. Exosomes play an important role in mediating these communications and regulating the reprogramming of TME, which affects the sensitivity of immunotherapy. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the role of exosomes in TME reprogramming and the impact of exosomes on immunotherapy. Here, we review the communication role of exosomes in regulating TME remodeling and the efficacy of immunotherapy, as well as summarize the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we also introduce the potential application of the artificially modified exosomes as the delivery systems of antitumor drugs. Further efforts in this field will provide new insights on the roles of exosomes in intercellular communications of TME and cancer progression, thus helping us to uncover effective strategies for cancer treatment.
miR‐1246 promotes osteosarcoma cell migration via NamiRNA‐enhancer network dependent on Argonaute 2
Authors: Yang Shuai , Zou Qingping , Liang Ying , Zhang Dapeng , Peng Lina , Li Wei , Li Wenxuan , Liu Mengxing , Tong Ying , Chen Lu , Xu Peng , Yang Zhicong , Zhou Kaicheng , Xiao Jianru , Wang Hailin , Yu Wenqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh metastatic propensity of osteosarcoma leads to its therapeutic failure and poor prognosis. Although nuclear activation miRNAs (NamiRNAs) are reported to activate gene transcription via targeting enhancer and further promote tumor metastasis, it remains uncertain whether NamiRNAs regulate osteosarcoma metastasis and their exact mechanism. Here, we found that extracellular vesicles of the malignant osteosarcoma cells (143B) remarkably increased the migratory abilities of MNNG cells representing the benign osteosarcoma cells by two folds, which attributed to their high miR‐1246 levels. Specially, miR‐1246 located in nucleus could activate the migration gene expression (such as MMP1) to accelerate MNNG cell migration through elevating the enhancer activities via increasing H3K27ac enrichment. Instead, MMP1 expression was dramatically inhibited after Argonaute 2 (AGO2) knockdown. Notably, in vitro assays demonstrated that AGO2 recognized the hybrids of miR‐1246 and its enhancer DNA via PAZ domains to prevent their degradation from RNase H and these protective roles of AGO2 may favor the gene activation by miR‐1246 in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR‐1246 could facilitate osteosarcoma metastasis through interacting with enhancer to activate gene expression dependent on AGO2, highlighting the nuclear AGO2 as a guardian for NamiRNA‐targeted gene activation and the potential of miR‐1246 for osteosarcoma metastasis therapy.
Robust dual‐angle T1 measurement in magnetization transfer spectroscopy by time‐optimal control
Authors: Graf Christina , Stollberger Rudolf , Rund Armin , Schweiger Martina , Diwoky Clemens 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMagnetization transfer spectroscopy relies heavily on the robust determination of
relaxation times of nuclei participating in metabolic exchange. Challenges arise due to the use of surface RF coils for transmission (high
variation) and the broad resonance band of most X nuclei. These challenges are particularly pronounced when fast
mapping methods, such as the dual‐angle method, are employed. Consequently, in this work, we develop resonance offset and
robust excitation RF pulses for 31P magnetization transfer spectroscopy at 7T through ensemble‐based time‐optimal control. In our approach, we introduce a cost functional for designing robust pulses, incorporating the full Bloch equations as constraints, which are solved using symmetric operator splitting techniques. The optimal control design of the RF pulses developed demonstrates improved accuracy, desired phase properties, and reduced RF power when applied to dual‐angle
mapping, thereby improving the precision of exchange‐rate measurements, as demonstrated in a preclinical in vivo study quantifying brain creatine kinase activity.
Conflicting economic policies and mental health: Evidence from the UK national living wage and benefits freeze
Authors: Akanni Lateef , Lenhart Otto , Morton Alec 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the mental health effects of two simultaneously implemented but conflicting policies in the UK: the National Living Wage and the benefits freeze policy. We employed the Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) DID estimator to evaluate the heterogeneous policy effects, and we found that NLW leads to positive improvements in mental health. Also, we find the negative impact of the benefits freeze policy constricts the NLW effects. Our result is robust to the sensitivity analysis of the parallel trend assumption and the comparison group definition. Additional results support the psychosocial hypothesis that increased job satisfaction is strongly correlated with improvements in mental health. Also, we found evidence of substitution effects between work hours and leisure. Overall, our findings suggest that the effects of the NLW cannot be understood in isolation from the way the entire suite of policy instruments operates on earnings and liveable income for affected low wage workers.
Combined application of entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites for biological control of Tetranychus urticae on chrysanthemum
Authors: Hernández‐Valencia Vicente , Santillán‐Galicia Ma. Teresa , Guzmán‐Franco Ariel W , Rodríguez‐Leyva Esteban , Santillán‐Ortega Candelario 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost studies on efficacy of fungal pathogens and predatory mites against Tetranychus urticae have been done on individual species in the laboratory. We evaluated fungi and predatory mites separately and together against glasshouse populations of T. urticae on chrysanthemum plants. First, effectiveness of the fungal pathogens Beauveria bassiana (Bb88) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma129) was compared; then, effectiveness of the predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus. Based on the results, N. californicus and isolate Ma129 were selected and evaluated in combination. In all experiments, treatment effects were assessed for eggs and motile stages of T. urticae.RESULTSThe first experiment showed no significant effect of either fungal isolate on T. urticae populations, except on plants initially infested with 20 mites, where more eggs were found in the control compared to the fungal treatments. In the second experiment, both predatory mites were equally effective at reducing T. urticae populations compared with the control, regardless of initial T. urticae population density. The last experiment demonstrated that populations of T. urticae were reduced most when M. anisopliae (Ma129) and N. californicus were applied together, compared with the control and when each natural enemy was applied separately.CONCLUSIONSMetarhizium anisopliae (Ma129) and B. bassiana (Bb88) isolates did not have a significant effect on reducing T. urticae populations. Both predatory mites reduced T. urticae populations, regardless of T. urticae density. Combined application of M. anisopliae (Ma129) and N. californicus were more effective against T. urticae than the control or when each agent was applied separately. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.