bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about rape and women's social roles: A Turkish replication
Authors: Costin F. , Kaptanoḡlu C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVarious researchers on feminist issues have argued that rape against women is supported by beliefs encouraging socioeconomic domination of women and that acceptance of ‘rape myths’ foster those beliefs. If this is true, acceptance of such myths should be correlated with restrictive beliefs about women's social roles. Two previous studies, carried out in England, Israel, United States, and West Germany, confirmed that hypothesis (Costin, 1985; Costin and Schwarz, 1987). The replication of those investigations in Turkey adds further support for the hypothesis.
Mood and the expression of intergroup attitudes: The moderating role of affect intensity
Authors: Haddock Geoffrey , Zanna Mark P , Esses Victoria M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of mood on the favourability of intergroup attitudes, and on two important components of intergroup attitudes, namely stereotypes and feelings (i.e. emotional associates) toward social groups. In addition, the individual difference variable of affect intensity (AIM, Larsen and Diener, 1987) was considered as a potential moderating variable. With high AIMs expected to demonstrate more pronounced mood‐judgment effects. After a musical mood induction, subjects completed measures assessing attitudes, stereotypes, and feelings toward French Canadians and Pakistanis. The results revealed that mood influenced attitudes. Stereotypes, and feelings toward the groups, but only for high AIMs. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.
Minority influence: The effects of social status of an inclusive versus exclusive group
Authors: Mucchi‐Faina Angelica 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn experiment investigated the effects of source status (high versus low) and source's attitude towards the target (Inclusive versus éxclusive) on minority influence. It was predicted that an inclusive minority in the high‐status source condition would primarily have a direct impact (compliance), while in the low‐status source condition it would have little direct or indirect influence but would stimulate autonomous cognitive work (divergence) Moreover, exclusive minorities, irrespective of status, would have a mainly indirect impact (conversion) Results appear to confirm the hypotheses with two significant qualifications: First, minority status interacts with subjects' initial attitude, furthering or hindering indirect influence; second, an exclusive minority encourages the production of externally‐generated thoughts, albeit only in low‐status source condition.The study also provided some information on the relationship between indirect influence and divergence, and between the quantity and the quality of cognitive production.
The ingroup overexclusion effect: Identity concerns in decisions about group membership
Authors: Yzerbyt Vincent Y. , Leyens Jacques‐Philippe , Bellour Fanny 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThere are circumstances in which one is reluctant to express a judgment on the basis of the available information. This is for instance the case when the decision may jeopardize the integrity of the group one is a member of. In particular, ingroup members are considered less judgeable than outgroup members. This phenomenon corresponds to the ingroup overexclusion effect (Leyens and Yzerbyt, 1992). An experimental situation was designed in order to rule out an explanation of this phenomenon in terms of confirmation of hypothesis. French‐ or Dutch‐speaking subjects heard recordings of 40 sentences and, depending on the specific wording of the question, decided whether the speakers belonged to the group of French‐speaking (i.e. Walloon) versus Dutch‐speaking (i.e. Flemish) Belgians or not. The 40 sentences enabled to cross three factors with five sentences in each cell: Walloon versus Flemish speakers, French versus Dutch sentences, and short versus long sentences. As predicted, subjects made most errors when ingroup members read short outgroup sentences. Most importantly, the specific wording of the question did not lead to a reversal of the pattern of errors of group identification. Subjects also took longer to make a decision about an ingroup member reading an outgroup sentence than about an outgroup member reading an ingroup sentence. Such a pattern clearly supports a motivational explanation and undermines a confirmation of hypothesis explanation of the ingroup overexclusion effect. Older accounts of ethnic identification phenomena are addressed and it is suggested that identity concerns greatly affect impression formation processes.
A two‐dimensional model of social representations
Authors: Moliner Pascal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper reports a series of four experiments conducted to gain insight into students' social representations of the firm. The results suggested a possible revision of the central core theory. They showed that the central elements of the representation were treated differently by the subjects. More specifically, the notion of Profit and Hierarchy, both central, did not play the same role in the representation. The subjects were found to grant evaluative power to the notion of Profit but not to the notion of Hierarchy. This differentiation by evaluative potential was also found for two peripheral elements. These differences suggest that independently of their central or peripheral nature, the various elements of a representation can be placed along an evaluative continuum. By combining the evaluative dimension and the central or peripheral dimension of the elements, we obtain a two‐dimensional model of representations which divides discourse and cognition into four fields.
The relation of formal education to ethnic prejudice: Its reliability, validity and explanation
Authors: Wagner Ulrich , Zick Andreas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper examines three issues concerning the frequently documented negative correlation between formal education and ethnic prejudice, namely its reliability, its validity and the manner in which it is mediated. Reliability is demonstrated across three indices of ethnic attitudes in seven representative samples drawn from four European countries (West Germany, Netherlands, France, Great Britain; total N=3788). The hypothesis that this correlation reflects only the tendency of more highly educated respondents to give more socially desirable answers and not true attitude differences was inconsistent with the finding from the survey data that educational level also correlated negatively with responses to an index of subtle prejudice. Results from an experiment employing the bogus pipeline procedure similarly refute this hypothesis, indicating that significant education‐related differences in expressed prejudice remain under conditions in which the tendency to give socially desirable responses is reduced. Finally, path analysis based on the survey data show that part but not all of the association between low education and ethnic prejudice is mediated by social psychological variables, particularly group relative deprivation, perceived belief incongruency, political conservatism, and acceptance of inter‐ethnic contact.
Subtle and blatant prejudice in western Europe
Authors: Pettigrew T. F. , Meertens R. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper develops, measures, and tests two types of intergroup prejudice—blatant and subtle. Blatant prejudice is the traditional, often studied form; it is hot, close and direct. Subtle prejudice is the modern form; it is cool, distant and indirect. Using data from seven independent national samples from western Europe, we constructed 10‐item scales in four languages to measure each of these varieties of prejudice. We report the properties, structure and correlates of both scales across the seven samples, and make initial checks on their validity. The cross‐nationally consistent results support the value of the blatant‐subtle distinction as two varieties of prejudice. While they share many correlates, their distinctive differences suggest better specification of these correlates of prejudice. And the blatant‐subtle distinction also aids in more precise specification of the effects of prejudice on attitudes toward immigrants. The paper closes with a normative interpretation of Subtle Prejudice.
Determination of Platinum in Plant Samples by Voltammetric Analysis
Authors: Kolodziej Magdalena , Baranowska Irena , Matyja Anna 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA voltammetric method using solid electrode of glassy carbon as a working electrode is describes for determination of platinum in grass samples taken from the vicinity of a motorway. Standard addition was used for quantitative analysis of Pt in 0.05 M H2SO4. The analyte concentration in plant tissues reached 19.1±1.6 ng g−1 for leaves of samples collected from the least polluted areas, and up to 136±2 ng g−1 for roots of sample taken from the area of heavy road‐traffic.
Making sense of participatory evaluation: Framing participatory evaluation
Authors: King Jean A. , Cousins J. Bradley , Whitmore Elizabeth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this commentary, a longtime admirer of Cousins and Whitmore discusses why their 1998 article on participatory evaluation made an important contribution to the field.This chapter posits two principal streams of participatory evaluation, practical participatory evaluation and transformative participatory evaluation, and compares them on a set of dimensions relating to control, level, and range of participation. The authors then situate them among other forms of collaborative evaluations.
Use of liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐ion trap mass spectrometry for identification of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall.) Lindl
Authors: Huang Liying , Chen Tianwen , Ye Zhao , Chen Guonan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) are the two important bioactive compounds in Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall) Lindl (A. roxburghii), which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. So far, there has been no report to indicate that A. roxburghii contains these two bioactive compounds. It is necessary to develop an effective method to extract and analyze OA and UA in A. roxburghii. In this paper, a quantitative method, consisting of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization‐ion trap mass spectrometry (LC‐APCI‐IT‐MS) analysis, was developed for identification of OA and UA in A. roxburghii. The extraction was carried out by using CO2 as the supercritical fluid and ethanol as the modifier before LC separation. The mobile phase used for LC separation consisted of acetic acid (1%, v/v), water (15%, v/v) and methanol (84%, v/v), and the elution was performed at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in APCI(+) mode with selected ion monitoring (SIM) to quantify OA and UA at m/z 439.4. Under optimum conditions, the linear responses of OA and UA were obtained in the concentration range of 0.5–80 (r = 0.9992) and 0.5–50 µg/ml (r = 0.9989) with the detection limits of 0.125 and 0.085 µg/ml, respectively. The proposed method has been used for the identification and quantitation of OA and UA in a real A. roxburghii sample. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival Outcomes in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Comparing Impact of Hepatitis C Versus Other Etiology of Cirrhosis†
Authors: Bozorgzadeh Adel , Orloff Mark , Abt Peter , Tsoulfas Georgios , Younan Durald , Kashyap Randeep , Jain Ashok , Mantry Parvez , Maliakkal Benedict , Khorana Alok , Schwartz Seymour 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise worldwide as the most common primary hepatic malignancy. In the US approximately one half of all HCC is related to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The relationship between the primary disease and HCC recurrence after liver transplantation is unknown. We hypothesized that the primary hepatic disease underlying the development of cirrhosis and HCC would be associated with the risk of recurrent HCC after transplantation. A retrospective review was conducted of all primary liver transplants performed at the University of Rochester Medical Center from May 1995 through June 2004. The pathology reports from the native livers of 727 recipients were examined for the presence of HCC. There were 71 liver transplant recipients with histopathological evidence of HCC. These patients were divided in two groups on the basis of HCV status. Group 1 consisted of 37 patients that were both HCV and HCC positive, and Group 2 consisted of 34 patients that were HCC positive but HCV negative. Patient characteristics were analyzed, as well as number of tumors, tumor size, presence of vascular invasion, lobe involvement, recipient demographics, donor factors, pretransplantation HCC therapy, rejection episodes, and documented HCC recurrence and treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups, with the exception of recipient age and the presence of hepatitis B coinfection. The tumor characteristics of both groups were similar in numbers of tumors, Milan criteria status, vascular invasion, incidental HCC differentiation, and largest tumor size. The HCV positive population had a far lower patient survival rate with patient survival in Group 1 at 1, 3, and 5 years being 81.1%, 57.4%, and 49.3% respectively, compared with 94.1%, 82.8%, and 76.4% in Group 2 (p = 0.049). Tumor-free survival in Group 1 at 1, 3, and 5 years was 70.3%, 43%, and 36.8% respectively, vs. 88.1%, 73%, and 60.8% in Group 2. In a subgroup analysis, tumor-free survival was further examined by stratifying the patients on the basis of Milan criteria. Group 1 patients outside of Milan criteria had a statistically lower tumor-free survival. By contrast, there was no statistical difference in tumor-free survival in Group 2 patients stratified according to Milan criteria. Cox regression analysis identified HCV and vascular invasion as significant independent predictors of tumor-free survival. Our results suggest that Milan selection criteria may be too limiting and lose their predictive power when applied to patients without HCV infection. Liver Transpl 13:807–813, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
MELD is Superior to King's College and Clichy's Criteria to Assess Prognosis in Fulminant Hepatic Failure†
Authors: Yantorno Silvina E. , Kremers Walter K. , Ruf Andrés E. , Trentadue Julio J. , Podestá Luis G. , Villamil Federico G. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Assessment of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is essential for the need and appropriate timing of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). In this study we investigated the prognostic efficacy of King's College criteria, Clichy's criteria, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), and Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease (PELD) in 120 consecutive patients with FHF. Survival with medical therapy (18%), death without OLT (15%), and receipt of a liver transplant were similar in adults (n = 64) and children (n = 56). MELD scores were significantly higher in patients who died compared to those who survived without OLT, both in adults (38 ± 7 vs. 26 ± 7, P = 0.0003) and children (39 ± 7 vs. 23 ± 6, P = 0.0004). Using logistic regression analysis in this cohort of patients, concordance statistics were significantly higher for MELD (0.95) and PELD (0.99) when compared to King's College (0.74) and Clichy's criteria (0.68). When data was analyzed in a Cox model including patients receiving transplants and censoring the time from admission, the concordance statistic for MELD (0.77) and PELD (0.79) remained significantly higher than that of King's College criteria but not higher than that of Clichy's criteria. In conclusion, this study is the first to show that MELD and PELD are superior to King's College and Clichy's criteria to assess prognosis in FHF. However, because data was generated from a single center and included a rather low number of patients who survived or died without OLT, further confirmation of our findings is required. Liver Transpl 13:822–828, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Sirolimus-Induced Pneumonitis Following Liver Transplantation
Authors: Roberts Rebecca J. , Wells Antonia C. , Unitt Esther , Griffiths Meryl , Tasker Angela D. , Allison Michael E.D. , Bradley Andrew J. , Watson Christopher J.E. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Sirolimus-induced pneumonitis has emerged as a potentially serious complication in renal transplantation but only single case reports of this condition have been described after liver transplantation (LT), where experience with sirolimus is relatively limited. We report our experience, the largest to date, of sirolimus-induced pneumonitis following LT. Between 1999 and 2006, 186 liver transplant patients received sirolimus-based immunosuppression, after initial therapy with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). All cases of sirolimus-induced pneumonitis were recorded and a retrospective review of the case notes of such patients was undertaken for the purpose of this analysis. Of 186 liver transplant patients receiving sirolimus, 4 (2.2%) developed pneumonitis that was attributed to the drug; the time from starting sirolimus to presentation was varied (1.5-30 months). The most common presenting symptoms were dyspnea, cough and fatigue. The median sirolimus level at the time of diagnosis was 9.7 ng/mL (range, 7-19.5 ng/mL). All patients in the series underwent thoracic computed tomography, which showed similar changes in all patients, and lung biopsy, which revealed features consistent with a drug-induced pneumonitis. In all 4 patients, sirolimus-induced pneumonitis resolved following cessation of therapy but took weeks to months for complete recovery. In conclusion, sirolimus-induced pneumonitis occurred in at least 2% of liver transplant recipients and should be suspected in patients who develop respiratory symptoms while on sirolimus. Although it may be life threatening, early recognition and cessation of sirolimus can lead to complete resolution of pneumonitis. Liver Transpl 13:853–856, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Long-Term Results of Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Glycogen Storage Disorders in Children†
Authors: Iyer Shridhar G. , Chen Chao-Long , Wang Chih-Chi , Wang Shih-Ho , Concejero Allan M. , Liu Yueh-Wei , Yang Chin-Hsiang , Yong Chee-Chien , Jawan Bruno , Cheng Yu-Fan , Eng Hock-Liu 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) may be indicated in glycogen storage disorders (GSD) when medical treatment fails to control the metabolic problems or when hepatic adenomas develop. We present our institutional experience with living donor LT (LDLT) for children with GSD. A total of 244 patients underwent primary LDLT at our institution from June 1994 to December 2005. A total of 12 (5%) children (8 female and 4 male) were afflicted with GSD and were not responsive to medical treatment. Nine patients had GSD type I and 3 had GSD type III. The median age at the time of transplantation was 7.27 yr (range, 2.4-15.7). All patients presented with metabolic abnormalities, including hypoglycemia, and lactic acidosis. In addition, 4 patients presented with growth retardation. A total of 11 patients received left lobe grafts and 1 received a right lobe graft. The mean graft-to-recipient weight ratio was 1.25 (range, 0.89-1.61). Two patients had hepatic vein stenoses that were treated by balloon dilatation; 1 patient had bile leak, which settled spontaneously. The overall surgical morbidity rate was 25%. Three patients had hepatic adenomas in the explanted liver. There was a single mortality at 2 months posttransplantation due to acute pancreatitis and sepsis. The mean follow up was 47.45 months. The metabolic abnormalities were corrected and renal function remained normal. In patients with growth retardation, catch-up growth was achieved posttransplantation. In conclusion, LDLT is a viable option to restore normal metabolic balance in patients with GSD when medical treatment fails. Long-term follow-up after LT for GSD shows excellent graft and patient survival. Liver Transpl 13:848–852, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Can the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Be Used to Predict the Prognosis in Patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome?
Authors: Murad Sarwa Darwish , Kim Ray W. , de Groen Piet C. , Kamath Patrick S. , Malinchoc Michael , Valla Dominique-Charles , Janssen Harry L.A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) is a widely accepted and objective scoring system for end-stage liver disease (ESLD) but has never been evaluated for Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). We investigated whether MELD can be used to predict survival in patients with BCS. Patients with BCS (n = 237) were obtained from a large international study. Patients with ESLD (n = 281) were used to compare the discriminative ability of MELD in BCS versus other chronic liver diseases. MELD and the Rotterdam BCS index, a recently developed prognostic index for BCS, were calculated with standard equations. Receiver operating characteristic curves and concordance statistics (c-statistics) were used to assess the models' ability to predict 1-year survival. The median MELD score was 12.5 (range = −7.4 to 43.4) for BCS and 11.3 (−3.0 to 49.5) for ESLD (P = 0.12). The c-statistic of MELD in BCS was 0.695 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59-0.80], in contrast to 0.848 (95% CI = 0.80-0.90) in ESLD. Survival was significantly poorer in ESLD than in BCS (P < 0.001). The c-statistic of the Rotterdam BCS index was 0.760 (95% CI = 0.67-0.85). The correlation between MELD and the Rotterdam BCS index was 0.61, and most of the discrepancy existed in BCS patients with a high prevalence of ascites and encephalopathy and preserved liver function. The addition of ascites and encephalopathy to MELD improved the c-statistic to 0.751 (95% CI = 0.65-0.85). In conclusion, MELD showed a suboptimal discriminative ability to predict survival in BCS. This was explained by the highly variable degree of liver dysfunction and hence clinical outcome in BCS in contrast to ESLD. Liver Transpl 13:867–874, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Portopulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fix Oren K. , Bass Nathan M. , De Marco Teresa , Merriman Raphael B. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension (PPHTN) increases the risks of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Epoprostenol is an effective treatment of PPHTN, but long-term effects on pulmonary hemodynamics or liver function in PPHTN are poorly defined. We sought to describe the long-term effects of treatment with or without epoprostenol on pulmonary hemodynamics, liver biochemistries, and survival in patients with moderate to severe PPHTN at a single center. A large retrospective cohort was identified with moderate to severe PPHTN diagnosed before OLT. Baseline and follow-up pulmonary hemodynamics and liver biochemistries were compared and outcomes assessed. Nineteen patients were treated with epoprostenol and 17 were not treated with epoprostenol. There were significant improvements in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP, 48.4-36.1 mm Hg; P < 0.0001), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR, 632-282 dynes · s · cm−5; P < 0.0001), and cardiac output (5.7 to 7.7 L/min; P = 0.0009) with epoprostenol after a median of 15.4 months. Liver biochemistries did not change significantly, and survival did not seem to differ between the 2 groups (hazard ratio, 0.85; P = 0.77). In the epoprostenol group, patients who survived had greater absolute changes in MPAP, transpulmonary gradient, and PVR than those who died. Two patients in the epoprostenol group successfully underwent OLT. Long-term epoprostenol therapy greatly improves pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with PPHTN. Liver biochemistries are not greatly changed. Survival seemed not to differ between treatment groups. A minority of patients treated with epoprostenol will improve sufficiently to undergo OLT. Liver Transpl 13:875–885, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.