bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Pressure-based and Skin Friction-based Methods for the
Determination of Flow Separation of a Circular Cylinder with Roundness
Imperfection
Authors: Wang Ran , Cheng Shaohong , Ting David S.K. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
A delayed detached eddy simulation in Open FOAM was performed to
study flow separation of a circular cylinder with roundness imperfection up to 4% of its diameter
at Reynolds numbers of 100, 3900, and 104 in normal flow.

Methods:
The flow was considered to be Newtonian and incompressible. The separation position
was determined independently based on surface pressure distribution and skin friction.

Results:
Results show that the patterns of these distributions depend on both Reynolds number
and roundness imperfection level, and flow separation in an imperfectly round cylinder may be
induced by either an adverse pressure gradient or a Gentle Bend (GB) introduced by the roughness.
For the separation point determined by the pressure-based method, its accuracy can be affected
by the characteristic of pressure distribution near the separation point at low Reynolds
numbers, and, thus, its physical validity needs to be verified by flow visualization at high Reynolds
numbers.

Conclusion:
The skin friction-based method can accurately predict separation point for both perfectly
and imperfectly round cylinders without additional information. When the roundness imperfection
ratio reaches 2% and the Reynolds number reaches 3900, both approaches indicate that the
flow separation point converges to the location of GB on the cylinder surface and the two sets of
predicted separation points agree well.
Comparative Associations between Substances Used with
Depression and Anxiety in a Sample of High School Students in
Turkey
Authors: Unlu Ali , Prajapati Parna , Rahmani Mariam , Pumariega Andres 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To explore the associations between the type and the
amount of substances used with depression and anxiety symptoms by high school
students.

Methods:
The study data was collected by the Istanbul Department of Education
on 31,604 high school students which was a survey of 66 questions administered
in the school setting. The primary questions and sub-questions on anxiety and
depression scores were added to generate a scaled score. Specific substances used
by the participants were used to explore the relationship between substance use
and depression and anxiety scores by using multinomial logistic regression
models. Two regression models were analyzed, one for each dependent variable,
keeping the significance level at 0.05. Odds ratios were calculated to explore the
association between depression and anxiety scores and specific substance use
among the youth.

Results:
The participants with low levels of anxiety were at an increased odds of
using heavy amounts of sleep pills (OR=1.6) and alcohol (OR=1.3) as compared
to those without anxiety. In addition to sleep pills and alcohol, illicit substances
such as LSD and inhalant use were also seen in the participants with higher levels
of anxiety. The participants with low levels of depression were found to be at an
increased odds of using sleep pills (OR=1.8) and alcohol (OR=1.3). In addition to
this pattern of substance use, participants with higher levels of depression were
also found to be heavy cocaine users, low inhalant users, heavy steroid users, and
low alcohol users. A decrease in the use of homemade brews was seen in the
participants with low and high levels of depression as compared to those who
didn’t have any depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:
A unique pattern of drug and alcohol use was found in the
participants experiencing varying levels of anxiety and depression.
Fournier gangrene in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Korchagin M. P. , Prokopovich M. A. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Fournier gangrene is a life-threatening form of perineal necrotizing infection characterised by affecting immucompromised patients, including those with tuberculosis.Objective. To evaluate the treatment results of patients with Fournier gangrene and tuberculosis process.Materials & methods. Five case histories of patients diagnosed with "Fournier gangrene" at the Tuberculosis Extrapulmonary Division of Clinic No. 2, Moscow Research Clinical Centre for Tuberculosis Control from 2012 to 2022 were analysed retrospectively using the continuous method. The Fournier's Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) was used for assessment.Results. The analysis of case histories revealed the main features of management in patients with Fournier gangrene whose underlying process was tuberculosis. Our clinical experience confirms the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a specific agent, as well as an immunosuppression factor in the development of Fournier’s gangrene. One should be wary of this pathology in patients with tuberculosis. The aggressive nature of the infectious process dictates the need for early detection of this disease for competent comprehensive treatment, including early rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection in patients with urogenital pathology and reconstructive-plastic methods of surgical treatment.Conclusion. Fournier gangrene in tuberculosis patients is a rare difficult-to-treat disease accompanied in most cases by septic shock and a high mortality risk. Alertness towards Fournier gangrene in patients with tuberculosis, correctly chosen treatment tactics reduces the risk of lethal outcomes.
PSA density as a predictor of long-term infectious complications during transurethral resection of the prostate: determining an optimal cut-off value
Authors: Ivanov S. N. , Kogan M. I. , Naboka Yu. L. , Medvedev V. L. , Palaguta G. A. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Infectious complications (ICs) after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) are significant and potentially life-threatening conditions with an incidence 0.5% – 20.0%. Most publications provide data regarding early infectious complications. At the same time, there are currently no studies aimed at a comprehensive assessment of long-term infectious complications after TURP. The problem of prevention and treatment of ICs is also accompanied by insufficient understanding of the role of undiagnosed inflammation in prostate tissues and the lack of representative laboratory markers.Objective. To assess the prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd) as a predictor of long-term infectious complications after transurethral resection of the prostate and to determine the optimal cut-off value.Materials & methods. This single-center study included 162 patients who underwent mono- and bipolar TURP between 2016 – 2023. Inclusion criteria for the study: prostate volume 30–80 cm3, no history of urinary tract infections (UTIs) at the time of hospitalization and antibiotic treatment at least one month before surgery, possible presence of latent UTIs before surgery, no prostate cancer. Exclusion criteria were failure to meet inclusion criteria. Infectious complications assessed included upper and lower UTIs, as well as epididymitis, orchitis and prostatitis, confirmed by clinical and laboratory data. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assessment was performed < 2 days before surgery.Results. The median PSAd value was 0.04 [0.03; 0.08] ng/ml2, the variable was significantly different in non-infection and infection groups (0.04 and 0.08 ng/ml2, respectively, p = 0.009). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.67 (95% CI [0.546 – 0.791]). The optimal cut-off value of the PSAd in prediction of long-term ICs was > 0.07 ng/ml2, sensitivity / specificity: 58.3% and 76.1%, respectively. The analysis showed more than 4 times higher odds of developing an infectious complication in PSAd > 0.07 ng/ml2 patients: OR 4.3 (95% CI [1.7 – 10.5], p = 0.001).Conclusion. This study demonstrates data that defines a new clinical non-oncological significance of PSAd as a predictor of the development of long-term infectious complications after TURP.
Simultaneous treatment of anterior urethral stricture and benign prostatic hyperplasia: primary experience overview
Authors: Katibov M. I. , Bogdanov A. B. , Alibekov M. M. , Magomedov Z. M. , Loran O. B. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Research on the treatment of patients with a combination of anterior urethral stricture and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is basically absent in the worldwide literature.Objective. To analyse the primary experience results with simultaneous treatment of anterior urethral stricture and BPH.Materials & methods. The study included four patients with anterior urethral stricture and BPH, who underwent simultaneous surgical treatment including perineal / penile urethrostomy and thulium laser enucleation of the prostate. The success criterion for treatment was considered to be the absence of obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms requiring the use of endoscopic or open surgery, regardless of whether urethrostomy was considered as the first step or the final option for urinary diversion.Results. The age of the patients ranged from 54 to 69 years (mean 63.0 ± 6.5 years). In one (25%) patient the stricture was localised in the penile urethra and in three (75%) patients it was localised in the bulbous urethra. The stricture length ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 cm (mean 2.1 ± 0.9 cm). The prostate volume varied from 45 to 77 cc (mean 63.8 ± 13.5 cc). One patient had cystostomy drainage. The post-void residual volume among 3 patients with preserved urination ranged from 90 to 130 ml (mean 113.3 ± 20.8 ml). Postoperative follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 18 months (mean 11.3 ± 7.4 months). At these follow-up periods, treatment was successful in all four (100%) patients. No intra- or postoperative complications were observed.Conclusions. The proposed method can be successfully applied in patients with a combination of anterior urethral stricture and BPH. However, the final guidelines for the management of such patients can be developed after further research.
Erector Spinae Plane block: evaluation of its efficacy as a component of multimodal anaesthesia in open kidney surgery
Authors: Kayumova P. M. , Giyasov Sh. I. , Krasnenkova M. B. , Musabaev A. N. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Currently, the Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block is widely used both as an independent method of anesthesia and as a component of multimodal anesthesia. It creates an extensive sensor block, spreads over 5 – 7 spinal segments.Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of ESP block as a component of multimodal anesthesia during open kidney surgery.Material & methods. The studies were conducted on 116 patients of ASA class I – III at the age of 18 – 85 years All patients were performed inhalation anesthesia with Isoflurane. NSAID (Diclofenac 75 mg IM) was administered as pre-emptive analgesia. In the Study group (n = 60), after tracheal intubation and positioning, an ESP block was performed under ultrasound control at the Th-9 level with a 0.5% Sol. Bupivacaine (25 – 30 ml). In the Control group (n = 56), only inhalation anesthesia was performed. Pain severity, opioid consumption frequency (Sol. Promedoli), postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed in the postoperative period. A numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to assess pain, which was recorded every 6 hours during the day.Results. Patients in the study group showed a low assessment of postoperative pain on the numeric rating scale compared to the Control group (p < 0.001). The consumption of opiates (Sol. Promedoli) was also lower, especially in the first 6 hours after surgery (p < 0.001).Conclusions. The results of our studies confirmed the efficiency of ESP block by reducing the consumption of opiates and NSAIDs. The main advantage of this method is its ease of implementation and safety.
Efficacy of combined phytotherapy (NefroBest® and UroBest®) in female patients with urolithiasis and preoperative drainage of upper urinary tract before ureteroscopy
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Nemenov A. A. , Perov R. A. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. In most cases, double-J stent placement is the initial method of drainage in patients with urolithiasis. Until ureteroscopic intervention, most patients report «stent-related symptoms» that reduce the quality of life.Objective. To improve the results of treatment in female patients with urinary stone disease (USD) and preoperative drainage of the upper urinary tract using double-J stent by assessing the effect of the NefroBest® and UroBest® complexes on the prevention of the development of «stent-related symptoms» and inflammatory processes.Materials & methods. The study group included 90 female patients with USD, who were performed ureteroscopic interventions with preoperative stent placement from March to September 2023 in the Yudin City Clinical Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group 1 (n = 30) — patients who received phytotherapy with NefroBest® (30 days) and UroBest® (7 days) complexes after placement of an internal ureteral stent; the control group 2 (n = 60) — patients who did not receive specific therapy postoperatively.Results. According to the USSQ, in group 1 the median score due to urinary symptoms was 22 points, and in group 2 — 28 points (p = 0.001), when assessing symptoms associated with pain — 12 and 18 points (p < 0.001), general health — 17 points both and work performance — 9 and 11 points, respectively. Among patients in group 1, stonefree rate was observed in 90.0%, and among patients in group 2 — in 93.3%. In group 1, antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period was in 37.0% of patients, and in group 2 – among 53.0%.Conclusion. The co-use of the NefroBest® and UroBest® complexes in female patients with USD and preoperative drainage of the upper urinary tract using double-J stent can reduce the severity of symptoms associated with urination and pain, and postoperatively resulted in a lower incidence of infectious-inflammatory complications.
Predictors of urinary incontinence in patients after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: results of a single-center study
Authors: Shvedov A. M. , Kolontarev K. B. , Bormotin A. V. , Dyakov V. V. , Gritskov I. O. , Abuladze L. R. , Kochoyan T.  M. , Pushkar D. Yu. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Prostate cancer (PCa) occupies a leading position in the structure of cancer incidence among men worldwide. The “gold standard” for the treatment of localised PCa is radical prostatectomy (RPE), with an increasing frequency of robot-assisted surgery in recent years. One of the negative consequences of surgery for the patient is the occurrence of urinary incontinence (UI), which is quite common and significantly reduces the quality of life. For this reason, it is extremely important to identify the factors that influence the occurrence of UI.Objectve. To identify risk factors for urinary incontinence in patients undergoing robot-assisted surgery based on the patients' preoperative data.Materials & methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Urology Clinic of the Russian University of Medicine to study the risk factors for UI in patients undergoing robot-assisted RPE. The follow-up control points were set on days 1, 3, and 7 after urethral catheter removal and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Anamnestic data and results of instrumental examination were analysed, based on which statistical analysis including logistic regression analysis with construction of regression equation was performed.Results. In the early postoperative period, UI occurred in 87 (70.3%) patients, but by the follow-up month 12, its frequency had decreased to 15 (11%) cases. Age, body mass index, length of the membranous urethra, size of the m. levator ani, history of prostate surgery and symptoms of an overactive bladder were predictors of UI. Based on the results, nomograms were created to calculate the probability of UI on day 7 and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after urethral catheter removal.Conclusion. The negative impact of UI on the quality of life of patients who have undergone RPE is obvious. Among the predictors identified by us, a modifiable group of risk factors for urinary incontinence was identified. This reduces the risk and severity of urinary incontinence after surgery, which will have a beneficial effect on the quality of life after surgery.
Real-World Data Quality Framework for Oncology Time to Treatment Discontinuation Use Case: Implementation and Evaluation Study
Authors: Ru Boshu , Sillah Arthur , Desai Kaushal , Chandwani Sheenu , Yao Lixia , Kothari Smita 
Published: March 2024

Background
The importance of real-world evidence is widely recognized in observational oncology studies. However, the lack of interoperable data quality standards in the fragmented health information technology landscape represents an important challenge. Therefore, adopting validated systematic methods for evaluating data quality is important for oncology outcomes research leveraging real-world data (RWD).

Objective
This study aims to implement real-world time to treatment discontinuation (rwTTD) for a systemic anticancer therapy (SACT) as a new use case for the Use Case Specific Relevance and Quality Assessment, a framework linking data quality and relevance in fit-for-purpose RWD assessment.

Methods
To define the rwTTD use case, we mapped the operational definition of rwTTD to RWD elements commonly available from oncology electronic health record–derived data sets. We identified 20 tasks to check the completeness and plausibility of data elements concerning SACT use, line of therapy (LOT), death date, and length of follow-up. Using descriptive statistics, we illustrated how to implement the Use Case Specific Relevance and Quality Assessment on 2 oncology databases (Data sets A and B) to estimate the rwTTD of an SACT drug (target SACT) for patients with advanced head and neck cancer diagnosed on or after January 1, 2015.

Results
A total of 1200 (24.96%) of 4808 patients in Data set A and 237 (5.92%) of 4003 patients in Data set B received the target SACT, suggesting better relevance of the former in estimating the rwTTD of the target SACT. The 2 data sets differed with regard to the terminology used for SACT drugs, LOT format, and target SACT LOT distribution over time. Data set B appeared to have less complete SACT records, longer lags in incorporating the latest data, and incomplete mortality data, suggesting a lack of fitness for estimating rwTTD.

Conclusions
The fit-for-purpose data quality assessment demonstrated substantial variability in the quality of the 2 real-world data sets. The data quality specifications applied for rwTTD estimation can be expanded to support a broad spectrum of oncology use cases.
Patients’ and Clinicians’ Perceptions of the Clinical Utility of Predictive Risk Models for Chemotherapy-Related Symptom Management: Qualitative Exploration Using Focus Groups and Interviews
Authors: Miller Morven , McCann Lisa , Lewis Liane , Miaskowski Christine , Ream Emma , Darley Andrew , Harris Jenny , Kotronoulas Grigorios , V Berg Geir , Lubowitzki Simone , Armes Jo , Patiraki Elizabeth , Furlong Eileen , Fox Patricia , Gaiger Alexander , Cardone Antonella , Orr Dawn , Flowerday Adrian , Katsaragakis Stylianos , Skene Simon , Moore Margaret , McCrone Paul , De Souza Nicosha , Donnan Peter T , Maguire Roma 
Published: March 2024

Background
Interest in the application of predictive risk models (PRMs) in health care to identify people most likely to experience disease and treatment-related complications is increasing. In cancer care, these techniques are focused primarily on the prediction of survival or life-threatening toxicities (eg, febrile neutropenia). Fewer studies focus on the use of PRMs for symptoms or supportive care needs. The application of PRMs to chemotherapy-related symptoms (CRS) would enable earlier identification and initiation of prompt, personalized, and tailored interventions. While some PRMs exist for CRS, few were translated into clinical practice, and human factors associated with their use were not reported.

Objective
We aim to explore patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives of the utility and real-world application of PRMs to improve the management of CRS.

Methods
Focus groups (N=10) and interviews (N=5) were conducted with patients (N=28) and clinicians (N=26) across 5 European countries. Interactions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

Results
Both clinicians and patients recognized the value of having individualized risk predictions for CRS and appreciated how this type of information would facilitate the provision of tailored preventative treatments or supportive care interactions. However, cautious and skeptical attitudes toward the use of PRMs in clinical care were noted by both groups, particularly in relationship to the uncertainty regarding how the information would be generated. Visualization and presentation of PRM information in a usable and useful format for both patients and clinicians was identified as a challenge to their successful implementation in clinical care.

Conclusions
Findings from this study provide information on clinicians’ and patients’ perspectives on the clinical use of PRMs for the management of CRS. These international perspectives are important because they provide insight into the risks and benefits of using PRMs to evaluate CRS. In addition, they highlight the need to find ways to more effectively present and use this information in clinical practice. Further research that explores the best ways to incorporate this type of information while maintaining the human side of care is warranted.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02356081; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02356081
Impacts of Smoking Ban Policies on Billiard Hall Sales in South Korea Using Objective Sales Information of a Credit Card Company: Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Noh Jin-Won , Cheon Jooyoung , Seong Hohyun , Kwon Young Dae , Yoo Ki-Bong 
Published: March 2024

Background
Smoking ban policies (SBPs) are potent health interventions and offer the potential to influence antismoking behavior. The Korean government completely prohibited smoking in indoor sports facilities, including billiard halls, since the government revised the National Health Promotion Act in December 2017.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the impact of the SBP on the economic outcomes of indoor sports facilities, particularly billiard halls.

Methods
This study used credit card sales data from the largest card company in South Korea. Data are from January 2017 to December 2018. Monthly sales data were examined across 23 administrative neighborhoods in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. We conducted the interrupted time series model using the fixed effects model and the linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE).

Results
The sales and transactions of billiard halls were not significantly changed after the introduction of the SBP in the full PCSE models. The R2 of the full PCSE model was 0.967 for sales and 0.981 for transactions.

Conclusions
The introduction of the SBP did not result in substantial economic gains or losses in the sales of billiard halls. In addition to existing price-based policies, the enhanced SBP in public-use facilities, such as billiard halls, can have a positive synergistic effect on reducing smoking prevalence and preventing secondhand smoke. Health policy makers can actively expand the application of SBPs and make an effort to enhance social awareness regarding the necessity and benefits of public SBPs for both smokers and the owners of hospitality facilities.