bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does chronic prenatal Doppler pathology predict feeding difficulties in neonates?
Authors: MÜLLER‐EGLOFF SUSANNE , STRAUSS ALEXANDER , SPRANGER VERONIKA , GENZEL‐BOROVICZÉNY ORSOLYA 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim: To determine whether infants with compromised fetomaternal circulation, but not yet critically threatened by absent end‐diastolic flow velocities in the umbilical arteries, are at a risk for feeding problems.Methods: In a retrospective case‐control study, enteral feeding and clinical data were compared between infants with decreased prenatal end‐diastolic umbilical flow velocity (DEDFV) or brain‐sparing pathology and controls matched for gestational age (GA). In all infants, enteral feedings were advanced according to a standardized enteral feeding protocol.Results: 11 (GA > 34 wk) of the 87 infants with DEDFV were fully enterally fed by day 5 and excluded, leaving 76 infants (and matched controls) for final analysis. DEDFV infants were significantly smaller (1230 ± 550 g vs 1600 ± 682 g). Advancement of enteral feedings varied widely, with a significant difference between DEDFV infants and controls. There was no difference in the incidence of NEC (five in both groups). In the most severely affected subgroup of 25 infants with GA<30 wk and prenatal brain sparing, enteral feedings were significantly delayed in comparison to the controls (parenteral amino acid administration for 22 vs 15 d; significantly fewer enteral calories through day 15).Conclusion: Enteral feeds were introduced more slowly to infants who had shown signs of prenatal distress with brain sparing. However, a predisposition to NEC could not be proven. Our results thus do not support the delay of enteral feedings based on prenatal Doppler pathology.
Thomas Addis of Edinburgh (1881–1949) and the coagulation cascade: ‘for the greatest benefit done to practical medicine’
Authors: Doyle Derek 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThomas Addis came of evangelical Scots stock; he was brought up to care for others less fortunate than himself, to know what he believed in and to defend it vigorously. Trained at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in a Scotland still recovering from wars and ecclesiastical schisms, yet producing record numbers of missionaries and many social improvements, he was a brilliant haematologist and innovative researcher. Moving to Stanford his career continued to blossom as a nephrologist whilst his concern for the less fortunate found expression in his espousal of communist principles. Only in his later years was he finally honoured for his many contributions to medicine, science and social issues.
Cytological study of early cervical adenocarcinoma: special reference to the depth of invasion
Authors: Kaku T. , Kawano Y. , Hirakawa T. , Koga Y. , Kobayashi H. , Amada S. , Ogawa S. , Hagiwara T. , Watanabe S. , Nakano H. 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  Early cervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) with a tumour depth of <3 mm has a good prognosis. To clarify the cytological features of ECAs with depth <3 mm, these were compared with those of ECA with 3–5 mm and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) invading the cervical wall with more than 5 mm in depth.Methods:  The cervical cytological features of ECAs with depth <3 mm (14 cases) were compared with those of ECA with 3–5 mm (four cases) and IA (13 cases). Cytologically, the presence or absence of tumour diathesis, number of atypical cells, crowded cell groups, groups with glandular structures, feathering, groups with palisading borders, rosettes, clusters, cell shape and size, nuclear shape and size, nucleolar shape and size, chromatin distribution, border and character of cytoplasm, and single cell pattern were evaluated.Results:  A tumour diathesis was seen in five of 14 ECA <3 mm in depth (36%), all four ECA with 3–5 mm (100%) and 11 of 13 IA with more than 5 mm (85%). Single cells, macronucleoli and coarsely granular chromatin pattern were less frequent in ECA of <3 mm than that in ECA with 3–5 mm and IA. The number of atypical cells and glandular structures in ECA was significantly less than that in IA. Cell crowding, feathering, palisading and rosettes were common in both ECA and IA.Conclusion:  The characteristic cytological features of ECA with depth <3 mm, having a good prognosis, were clean background, fewer single cells and macronucleoli, and less frequent coarsely granular chromatin pattern compared with those in ECA with 3–5 mm and IA. The number of atypical cells and glandular structures in ECA was significantly less than that in IA. Familiarity with the cytological features of ECA and its mimics is essential.
Atypical glandular cells: criteria to discriminate benign from neoplastic lesions and squamous from glandular neoplasia
Authors: Torres J. C. C. , Derchain S. F. M. , Gontijo R. C. , Do Amaral Westin M. C. , Zeferino L. C. , Angelo‐Andrade L. A. L. , Rabelo‐Santos S. H. 
Published: November 2005

Objective:  To evaluate the presence of some criteria in cervical smears with atypical glandular cells and their correlation with histological patterns to identify pre‐neoplastic and neoplastic lesions.Methods:  Seventy‐three women referred with an atypical glandular cell smear, who had undergone conization or hysterectomy, were included in this study. Referral Pap smears were reviewed using the set of 27 cyto‐morphological criteria that was correlated with the histological diagnosis.Results:  Histological results showed intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia in 35 (48%) cases and benign lesions in 38 (52%) cases. After logistic regression and decision tree analysis an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and the presence of dyskeratotic cells were strongly associated with intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia and the differential cyto‐morphological criteria for glandular lesions were decreased cytoplasm, irregular nuclear membranes and the presence of nucleoli.Conclusion:  The analysis of individual cyto‐morphological criteria can better predict intraepithelial or invasive neoplasia and differentiate glandular from squamous lesions.
Animal and vegetation patterns in natural and man‐made bog pools: implications for restoration
Authors: MAZEROLLE MARC J. , POULIN MONIQUE , LAVOIE CLAUDE , ROCHEFORT LINE , DESROCHERS ANDRÉ , DROLET BRUNO 
Published: November 2005

Summary1. Peatlands have suffered great losses following drainage for agriculture, forestry, urbanisation, or peat mining, near inhabited areas. We evaluated the faunal and vegetation patterns after restoration of a peatland formerly mined for peat. We assessed whether bog pools created during restoration are similar to natural bog pools in terms of water chemistry, vegetation structure and composition, as well as amphibian and arthropod occurrence patterns.2. Both avian species richness and peatland vegetation cover at the site increased following restoration. Within bog pools, however, the vegetation composition differed between natural and man‐made pools. The cover of low shrubs, Sphagnum moss, submerged, emergent and floating vegetation in man‐made pools was lower than in natural pools, whereas pH was higher than in typical bog pools. Dominant plant species also differed between man‐made and natural pools.3. Amphibian tadpoles, juveniles and adults occurred more often in man‐made pools than natural bog pools. Although some arthropods, including Coleoptera bog specialists, readily colonised the pools, their abundance was two to 26 times lower than in natural bog pools. Plant introduction in bog pools, at the stocking densities we applied, had no effect on the occurrence of most groups.4. We conclude that our restoration efforts were partially successful. Peatland‐wide vegetation patterns following restoration mimicked those of natural peatlands, but 4 years were not sufficient for man‐made pools to fully emulate the characteristics of natural bog pools.
Ex vivo comparison of two electronic apex locators with different scales and frequencies
Authors: Hör D. , Krusy S. , Attin T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim  To compare ex vivo the accuracy of two impedance quotient apex locators with different scales and frequencies of the measuring circuit.Methodology  In each root of 193 extracted human teeth, electronic working length determination (ELD) was carried out with a newly constructed measuring unit. In all cases, ELD was performed using the apex locators Justy II® (Hager & Werken, Duisburg, Germany) and Raypex 4® (VDW, Munich, Germany) on the scale points (sp) 0/0.5/1 of each device. A Miller Needle reaching working length was fixed with composite. The corresponding sp and the differences to the other sp were recorded. After histological preparation of the apical region, the teeth were examined under a light microscope. The distances of the Miller Needle tips to the target intervals ‘minor foramen–major foramen’ and ‘apical canal constriction’ (apical constriction) were determined for each sp for both devices. The data were statistically analysed by a chi‐square test.Results  Precise determination of the target interval ‘minor foramen–major foramen’ was successful with Raypex 4 in 94.8% (sp 1), 90.7% (sp 0.5) and 72.5% (sp 0) of cases and with Justy II in 59.6% (sp 1), 92.2% (sp 0.5) and 68% (sp 0) of cases. No measurement carried out by Raypex 4 and by Justy II on sp 1 was beyond the major apical foramen. However, on sp 0.5, there were eight measurements for Raypex 4 and four measurements for Justy II beyond the major apical foramen. Overinstrumentation was also recorded for sp 0 in 49 specimens (Raypex 4) and 59 specimens (JustyII). The major apical constriction was met exactly by Raypex 4 in 50.7% (sp 1), 14% (sp 0.5) and 5.2% (sp 0) of cases and by Justy II in 32.1% (sp 1), 23.8% (sp 0.5) and 4.1% (sp 0) of cases. The differences between the determination made with the sp suggested by the manufacturers for Raypex 4 (sp 1) and Justy II (sp 0.5) were not significant (P > 0.05) for the target interval ‘minor foramen–major foramen’ and significant (P ≤ 0.05) for the apical constriction. The differences between the sp of each device were significant (P ≤ 0.05) for both target intervals.Conclusions  It is possible to determine the region between the minor and major apical foramen with electronic apex locators ex vivo. The best results were obtained using the sp advised by the manufacturers. Raypex 4 gave the best results on sp one without any measurement beyond the apical foramen. Use of ELD does not result in precise determination of the apical constriction.
Apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria following use of two engine‐driven instrumentation techniques
Authors: Er K. , Sümer Z. , Akpınar K. E. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim  To evaluate the number of bacteria extruded apically from extracted teeth ex vivo after canal instrumentation using the two engine‐driven techniques utilizing nickel‐titanium instruments (ProTaper and System GT).Methodology  Forty extracted single‐rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were used. Access cavities were prepared and root canals were then contaminated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis and dried. The contaminated roots were divided into two experimental groups of 15 teeth each and one control group of 10 teeth. Group 1, ProTaper group: the root canals were instrumented using ProTaper instruments. Group 2, System GT group: the root canals were instrumented using System GT instruments. Group 3, control group: no instrumentation was attempted. Bacteria extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation were collected into vials. The microbiological samples from the vials were incubated in culture media for 24 h. Colonies of bacteria were counted and the results were given as number of colony‐forming units. The data obtained were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U‐tests, with α = 0.05 as the level for statistical significance.Results  There was no significant difference as to the number of extruded bacteria between the ProTaper and System GT engine‐driven systems (P > 0.05).Conclusions  Both engine‐driven nickel‐titanium systems extruded bacteria through the apical foramen.
Heat shock induces the synthesis of the inflammatory mediator leukotriene B4 in human pulp cells
Authors: Eberhard J. , Zahl A. , Dommisch H. , Winter J. , Acil Y. , Jepsen S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAim  To measure the synthesis of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in cultures of human dental pulp cells induced by heat shock.Methodology  Primary pulp cells (PC) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) were cultivated under appropriate conditions. For the characterization of PC the expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was evaluated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Thermal stimulation of cell cultures was performed at temperatures of 37, 38, 39, 40, 42 and 45 °C for stimulation times of 5 and 30 s. LTB4 was quantified by reversed‐phase high‐performance chromatography and differences between the LTB4 concentrations of controls and heat stimulated cells were analysed with Friedman analysis of variances by ranks and multiple comparisons (P < 0.05).Results  Both cell cultures expressed DSPP under the conditions of the present experiment. The analysis revealed significantly enhanced LTB4 synthesis following thermal stimulations at 38, 39, 40, 42 and 45 °C compared with unstimulated controls for both PC and DPSC.Conclusion  The present study demonstrated the capability of pulp cells to synthesize the arachidonic acid mediator LTB4 in response to heat shock. LTB4 has the capacity to induce inflammatory reactions and to sensitise afferent nociceptive nerve endings. LTB4 synthesis is induced by minor temperature changes, which are relevant for various clinical situations.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification: an emerging technology for detection of fish and shellfish pathogens
Authors: Savan R , Kono T , Itami T , Sakai M 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFish and shellfish diseases are a constant threat to the sustainability and economic viability of aquaculture. Early diagnosis plays a vital role in management of fish and shellfish diseases. Traditionally, various biochemical and serological tests have been used for fish disease diagnosis. However, the time and expertise required for such diagnoses makes it difficult for aquaculturists to easily adopt them under production conditions. Polymerase chain reaction and probe‐based nucleic acid detection have become increasingly popular in fish and shellfish diagnostics. Recently, a novel technique called loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been developed, which is highly sensitive and rapid. LAMP has been used for the detection of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic diseases in both animal and plants. In aquaculture, LAMP‐based detection of pathogens like Edwardsiella tarda, E. ictaluri, Nocardia seriolae, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, white spot syndrome virus and infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus have been reported. In this review, the application of LAMP for the detection of aquaculture‐associated pathogens is discussed.
Influence of dietary lipid composition on cardiac pathology in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Seierstad S L , Poppe T T , Koppang E O , Svindland A , Rosenlund G , Frøyland L , Larsen S 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe present study investigated the short‐term (5 months) effect of replacing dietary marine oils with vegetable oils on the development of arteriosclerotic changes in the heart of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. The experiment was performed as a randomized observer‐blinded and controlled trial. Farmed Atlantic salmon were randomly sampled from a study population containing 900 individuals. The salmon were divided into three groups and given diets with either 100% fish oil (Diet 1), a 50/50% mixture of fish oil and rapeseed oil (Diet 2) or 100% rapeseed oil (Diet 3). Ten sexually immature salmon from each dietary group were sampled in March and August 2002. Additionally, 47 sexually mature wild salmon were randomly collected in mid‐September 2001. Serial histological sections were taken from the bulbus arteriosus and ventricle wall for histopathological evaluation of the coronary arteries and myocardium. No significant differences in mean coronary changes recorded by the main variable ‘mean range lesion’ (MRL) were detected between the groups in March or August. MRL increased significantly between March and August with Diet 2 (P < 0.01), was nearly significant with Diet 3 (P = 0.06) and was unchanged with Diet 1. This pattern coincided with the Diet 2 group having the highest increase in heart weight. MHC class II immunoreactive cells in the coronary changes were detected in sections from one individual in each group. Heart weight was the most dominant variable in the data set and explained linearly 15.5% of the variation in MRL. Body weight, fish length and heart weight were all significantly, positively and linearly correlated to MRL. The Diet 2 group had the highest growth rate and also exhibited a significant increase in MRL. The possible influence of diet composition on weight gain and MRL needs to be further elucidated. Increase in heart weight seems to be the dominating predictor of the appearance of MRL in Atlantic salmon. However, the present results cannot exclude the possibility that differences in fatty acid composition of fish feed can influence the development of arteriosclerotic changes in Atlantic salmon.
Spatio‐temporal variation in serum chemistry of the lobster, Homarus americanus Milne‐Edwards
Authors: Dove A D M , Sokolowski M S , Bartlett S L , Bowser P R 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMonthly variations in serum chemistry of the American lobster, Homarus americanus Milne‐Edwards, were investigated at one location in Long Island Sound (LIS). Comparisons between three locations within and outside LIS were also made for a single time point. Most serum analytes displayed significant fluctuation over the study period and between locations. Temporal patterns could be classified as: low in cool months/high in warm months, i.e. Na, Cl, Na:K ratio, Ca, albumin:globulin ratio, percentage Fe saturation; high in cool months/low in warm months, i.e. pH, K, urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipaemia; June spike, i.e. glucose, cholesterol, creatine kinase, iron, transferrin iron‐binding capacity; other less obvious fluctuations, i.e. Mg, PO4; and no apparent fluctuation, i.e. HCO3, alkaline phosphatase. The proportion of samples correctly classified into month of collection by a subset of 13 analytes using discriminant analysis improved as the months progressed from May (0.75) to October (>0.95). Discriminant analysis also resolved 96.5% of samples by location. The significant depression of serum calcium at the eastern LIS site correlates with excretory calcinosis, a calcium storage disease described from lobsters at this site, but contrasts with a seasonal elevation in serum calcium recorded in the temporal component of the study. Serum proteins, the electrolytes Ca and K and the enzymes ALT and AST proved to have the strongest spatio‐temporal patterns of variation. Serum chemistry is a useful research tool for lobster populations, but the dearth of information on the homology of analyte functions in this species with those in vertebrate species makes interpretation of the results challenging. Late summer/autumn water conditions appear to cause stress for lobsters in LIS.
Expression of the PACAP‐immunoreactivity in the Lymphoid Organs of the Duck
Authors: Squillacioti C. , Mirabella N. , Paesano C. , Varricchio E. , Paino G. 
Published: November 2005

Introduction:  The interactions occurring between nervous and immune systems are well documented. These interactions involve several types of chemical messengers including hormones, cytokines, classic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It has been observed that the lymphoid organs receive a dense peptidergic innervation and immune cells produce neuropeptides. Neuropeptides, in turn, are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory processes and in the maturation of the lymphoid organs. Several studies have demonstrated that the immunomodulatory neuropeptides and their receptors are expressed in the thymus and bursa of fabricius. PACAP is a glucagon/VIP/secretin family peptide. It was originally isolated from the ovine hypothalamus and then it was found in the autonomic nervous system. PACAP is involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary function, neurotransmission and neuromodulation. In the immune system, PACAP is expressed in lymphoid tissues of the rat and in the lymphocytes of the duck GALT. PACAP, therefore, could be a messenger of the dialogue between nervous and immune system. It may have a role in the regulation of the inflammatory processes by stimulating histamine and serotonin and modulating the production of the cytokines in immune cells.Methods:  Immunohistochemistry on paraffin‐embedded sections of thymus and bursa of fabricius of the duck of different ages by using an antibody anti‐PACAP38.Results and Discussion:  In the thymus, PACAP‐immunoreactivity was found in lymphoid cells and, with a lesser extent, in epithelial reticular cells. The immunoreactive lymphocytes were primarily observed in the interlobular septa in close vicinity to the interlobular veins. The number of positive lymphocytes increased with ageing. In the bursa of fabricius, PACAP‐IR was found in nerve fibres and in a few lymphoid cells. These results suggest that PACAP could play a role in the maturation and involution of these organs and in the immune functions.
The Ovine Tonsilla Lingualis: Scattered Lymphocyte Aggregations Rather Than a Well‐defined Tonsillar Structure
Authors: Van den Broeck W. , Cocquyt G. , Simoens P. 
Published: November 2005

Recently, it has been hypothesized that the BSE‐causing agent PrPSc can infect sheep, making these animals a possible source of infection for man. Furthermore, experimental studies in inoculated sheep have demonstrated that PrPSc is not only present in neuronal tissue, but also in lymphoid tissue. Therefore, ovine tonsils are considered as high‐risk material and consequently have to be removed after slaughter. The present study is part of an elaborate project in which anatomical, histological and immunological aspects of ovine tonsils are studied within the framework of BSE/TSE research. The tongues of two sheep of 9‐months‐old were collected immediately after slaughter. The lingual root between the base of the epiglottis and the torus linguae was dissected and the 4.5 cm wide and 8 cm long sample was cut into 24 pieces which were subsequently fixed in 3.5% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. From each tissue block, ten 8‐μm‐thick sections with 1000 μm interval were cut and stained with eosin–haematoxylin. Microscopic analysis revealed that lymphocytes are mainly present at the lateral side of the tongue forming numerous small aggregates, while in the more central part the amount of aggregates was lower. In both lateral and central parts, the aggregations were located in an area ranging from 1–2 cm till 6 cm rostral to the epiglottis. These lymphatic clusters were in general smaller than the lymphatic nodules seen in the other pharyngeal lymphoid tissue, and a differentiation into secondary nodules was never observed. The epithelium covering these lymphocyte aggregations was a stratified squamous epithelium without infiltration of lymphocytes. It was concluded that the tonsilla lingualis in sheep consists of scattered lymphocyte aggregations without forming a well‐defined tonsillar organization. Further studies are planned to examine the tongues of more sheep and to determine the presence of dendritic cells, follicular dendritic cells and different B‐ and T‐cell populations.This study was supported by the BOF project grant #011B4101 of Ghent University.