bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of uterine rupture in a tertiary center in Eastern Nepal: Lessons for obstetric care
Authors: Chuni Neena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAim:  To determine the etiologic factors, clinical presentation, management and fetomaternal outcome in cases of rupture of the gravid uterus and propose preventive measures.Methods:  A retrospective analysis of cases of uterine rupture was carried out at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal, between February 1999 and January 2004.Results:  There were 126 cases of uterine rupture with incidence of one in 112 deliveries. Twenty‐five patients (19.8%) had a cesarean scar. Obstructed labor was the common antecedent factor in the unscarred group (46.5%) and use of oxytocics accounted for maximum ruptures (44%) in the scarred category. Patients with an unscarred uterus presented with hypotension and intrauterine death (89.1%), while abdominal tenderness (76%) and fetal distress (64%) were common modes of presentation in the scarred category. Complete rupture was seen in 84.9% of patients. Lateral wall ruptures (71.3%) necessitating hysterectomy (75.2%) were seen in the unscarred group. Anterior ruptures (92%) and repair (84%) were common in the scarred category. Maternal mortality was 13.5% and perinatal mortality 83.3%; these were both higher in the unscarred uterus.Conclusion:  The incidence of uterine rupture is high in Eastern Nepal and rupture of the unscarred uterus carries graver risks. Regular antenatal care, hospital deliveries and vigilance during labor with quick referral to a well‐equipped center will reduce the incidence of this condition.
Supernumerary ovary on sigmoid colon resembling an endometriotic lesion
Authors: Imir Gonca , Arici Sema , Cetin Meral , Kivanc Figen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA 30‐year‐old woman with a history of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain had right‐sided pain and sonographic evaluation demonstrated a right ovarian cyst 5 cm in diameter. Laparotomy revealed a right ovarian cystic mass and the cystic mass was found on the sigmoid colon. After excision, histopathologic study revealed endometrioma for the ovarian cyst and a supernumerary ovary for the cystic mass on the sigmoid colon.
Sexual Offences in Police Reports and Court Dossiers: A Case‐File Study
Authors: Van Den Bergh Peter M. , Hoekman Joop 
Published: November 2006

Background  In many cases, sexual abuse involving a person with an intellectual disability (ID; as a victim and/or as a perpetrator) is not reported to the police. There are very few studies addressing police procedures in these cases, and even fewer addressing procedures at the Public Prosecutor level. The present study had two goals: (i) to describe relevant characteristics of cases of sexual abuse, involving people with ID (as a victim or perpetrator), that were either reported to the police or sent to the Public Prosecutor; (ii) to describe the dynamics of the process from making the report to passing the sentence.Method  In this case‐file research, 75 police reports and dossiers at the Public Prosecutor, regarding sexual abuse were followed from the initial report to the police, up to the conviction.Results  Even if a case was reported to the police, it did not always go forward to the Public Prosecutor and when a person with ID was involved as the perpetrator, few were actually convicted.Conclusions  Whether the perpetrator had an ID did not appear to be a decisive factor in furnishing proof or in the conviction. There seemed to be no evidence for any specific disability‐related influence on the judicial process in cases against perpetrators of sexual abuse. Differentiating police data from court data, however, revealed an important finding. Relatives appeared in court dossiers far more than in police files (34% versus 14%), while on the contrary staff made up 24% in police files and only 13% in court dossiers. This suggested that different sensitivities, protecting staff compared with relatives, may be present in the judicial process, rather than in services.
Parents’ Use of Physical Interventions in the Management of Their Children's Severe Challenging Behaviour
Authors: Allen David , Hawkins Sarah , Cooper Viv 
Published: November 2006

Background  Although training staff supporting people with challenging behaviour in physical interventions has become accepted practice, parents are often left to fend for themselves while managing equivalent behaviours. The study explores parents’ experience of managing severe challenging behaviours, their use of physical interventions and access to training in reactive strategies.Method  A postal survey methodology was employed that utilized a novel 20‐item questionnaire. The questionnaire yielded both quantitative and qualitative data concerning the types of challenging behaviour displayed by the children, frequency of use and nature of physical interventions, types of training received and any difficulties experienced in obtaining training. The sample was drawn from the membership of a national charitable organization and comprised of 72 respondents.Results  The majority of respondents had experienced major episodes of challenging behaviour. The emotional impact of living with such behaviours was apparent. Although the vast majority of respondents had employed restrictive physical interventions, few had received any formal training in such strategies. There was evidence that a number of high‐risk physical interventions were sometimes being employed. Accessing training appeared more problematic for parents when compared with paid care staff.Conclusions  In this specific sample, parental use of physical intervention was high while parent training in physical intervention was uncommon. Impediments to parent training in physical intervention are discussed, as are wider issues concerning parental support.
The Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among People with Intellectual Disabilities: An Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Whitaker Simon , Read Stephen 
Published: November 2006

Background  It has often been stated that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities is greater than it is in the population as a whole.Method  The epidemiological studies on psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities were reviewed.Results  There is evidence that the prevalence of psychiatric disorder is greater in children with intellectual disabilities, compared with children with normal IQs, that it is higher in both adults and children with severe intellectual disabilities compared with people with mild or no intellectual disability and that the rate of problematic behaviour is higher in both adults and children having intellectual disabilities, than in their non‐disabled peers.Conclusions  There is no sound evidence that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adults with mild intellectual disability is greater than in the population as a whole.
The Tissue Fixation System provides a new structural method for cystocoele repair: A preliminary report
Authors: PETROS Peter E. P. , RICHARDSON Peter A. , GOESCHEN Klaus , ABENDSTEIN Burghard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:  A new reconstruction principle that uses tensioned tapes instead of large mesh is described for cystocoele repair.Aim:  To apply this method to patients with central, paravaginal and cervical ring defects.Methods:  Ninety patients, mean age 63 years (29–83) and mean weight 73 kg (52–117 kg), underwent cystocoele repair using the Tissue Fixation System (TFS). Tapes were applied as a retro‐obturator U‐sling (n = 29), transversely between both arcus tendineus fascia pelvis (ATFP) ligaments (n = 45), along the path of the cardinal ligament in patients with cervical ring defects (n = 12), and longitudinally along the ATFP ligament (n = 4).Results:  At mean eight months review (three to 15 months), two failures were reported. There was one haematoma that drained spontaneously at seven days, and there were no erosions. Mean hospital stay was one a half days for the Australian group (one to seven days) and five days (four to eight days) for the European group. After using single U‐sling, one patient required intermittent catheterisation for seven days before she could pass urine freely. In one patient the bladder was perforated during dissection laterally towards the ATFP; the perforation was successfully repaired.Conclusions:  The tensioned tape operation is simple and accurate, and appears to work well in the short term. Longer‐term studies are required.
Serum advanced oxidation protein products, myeloperoxidase and ascorbic acid in pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia
Authors: NOYAN Tevfik , GÜLER Ayşe , ŞEKEROĞLU Mehmet Ramazan , KAMACI Mansur 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground:  Activation products from neutrophils and the complement system might cause endothelial dysfunction, which is central to the aetiology of pre‐eclampsia. This study aimed to investigate the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and its association with advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), in women with pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia.Materials and method:  Twenty‐one pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia, 11 pregnant women with eclampsia and 19 healthy pregnant women were studied. Serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), AOPP, ascorbic acid (AA) and activities of MPO and catalase (CAT) were measured using a colorimetric method.Results:  The MDA level was significantly higher in the pre‐eclampsia (3.15 ± 0.28 nmol/mL) and eclampsia (4.01 ± 0.66 nmol/mL) groups than in controls (1.85 ± 0.18 nmol/mL); the difference between MDA levels in the pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia groups was not statistically significant. MPO activity was significantly higher in the eclampsia (347.59 ± 88.06 U/L) group than in the pre‐eclampsia (196.17 ± 30.8) and control (93.22 ± 9.52) groups, and there was also no significant difference in these levels between the pre‐eclampsia and control groups. CAT activity was significantly higher in the pre‐eclampsia (166.35 ± 31.75 U/L) and eclampsia (166.98 ± 40.31 U/L) groups than in controls (81.28 ± 7.41 U/L), and AA level was significantly higher in the pre‐eclampsia (0.54 ± 0.15 mg/dL) group than in controls (0.18 ± 0.01 mg/dL); the differences in AA and CAT activity between the pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia groups were not statistically significant. AOPP levels did not change significantly among the control, pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia groups (106.88 ± 5.62, 98.89 ± 6.47, 111.89 ± 6.8 µmol/L, respectively).Conclusions:  We suggest that increased oxidative stress might contribute to the pathophysiological mechanisms of pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia, and that AA and CAT might have a protective role via free radical‐scavenging properties. However, further study is needed.
Perinatal outcomes and macrosomia in a multi‐ethnic population of women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: HUGHES Ruth , ROWAN Janet 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe reviewed pregnancy outcomes of women with type 2 diabetes giving birth over a six‐year period, comparing the main ethnic groups. Asian women had significantly smaller babies and lower rates of macrosomia as defined by standard growth charts. Other outcomes were similar between the Asian, European and Polynesian women.
The stellar mass spectrum in warm and dusty gas: deviations from Salpeter in the Galactic centre and in circumnuclear starburst regions
Authors: Klessen Ralf S. , Spaans Marco , Jappsen Anne-Katharina 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Understanding the origin of stellar masses is a key problem in astrophysics. In the solar neighbourhood, the mass distribution of stars follows a seemingly universal pattern. In the centre of the Milky Way, however, there are indications for strong deviations and the same may be true for the nuclei of distant starburst galaxies. Here we present the first numerical hydrodynamical calculations of stars formed in a molecular region with chemical and thermodynamic properties similar to those of warm and dusty circumnuclear starburst regions. The resulting initial mass function is top-heavy with a peak at ∼15 M⊙, a sharp turn-down below ∼7 M⊙ and a power-law decline at high masses. We find a natural explanation for our results in terms of the temperature dependence of the Jeans mass, with collapse occurring at a temperature of ∼100 K and an H2 density of a few ×105 cm−3, and discuss possible implications for galaxy formation and evolution.
New anticoagulants and the management of their bleeding complications
Authors: NG HENG JOO , CROWTHER MARK 
Published: November 2006

SUMMARYLimitations of the currently available anticoagulants have fanned the continuing search for new anticoagulants with improved pharmacological and biosafety profile, and equal, if not superior efficacy. Targets of inhibition include the factor VIIa/tissue factor pathway (recombinant nematode anticoagulant peptide c2, tissue factor pathway inhibitor), factor Xa (fondaparinux, idraparinux, razaxaban), factor Va and VIIIa pathway (recombinant activated protein C, soluble thrombomodulin) and thrombin (hirudin, bivalirudin, argatroban, ximelagatran, dabigatran). Irrespective of their mode of action, bleeding complications are invariable with all anticoagulants. Conventional assessment and measures should remain as first‐line responses to bleeding complicating the use of these anticoagulants. Antidotes do not exist for the overwhelming majority of these agents. The role of recombinant activated factor VIIa in controlling bleeding is still investigational. Definitive haemostatic strategies for bleeding complications can only evolve with accumulating experience with these new agents.
Mechanism of Activation of β-
d
-2′-Deoxy-2′-Fluoro-2′-
C
-Methylcytidine and Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus NS5B RNA Polymerase
Authors: Murakami Eisuke , Bao Haiying , Ramesh Mangala , McBrayer Tamara R. , Whitaker Tony , Micolochick Steuer Holly M. , Schinazi Raymond F. , Stuyver Lieven J. , Obikhod Aleksandr , Otto Michael J. , Furman Phillip A. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

β-
d
-2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoro-2′-
C
-methylcytidine (PSI-6130) is a potent specific inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA synthesis in Huh-7 replicon cells. To inhibit the HCV NS5B RNA polymerase, PSI-6130 must be phosphorylated to the 5′-triphosphate form. The phosphorylation of PSI-6130 and inhibition of HCV NS5B were investigated. The phosphorylation of PSI-6130 by recombinant human 2′-deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and uridine-cytidine kinase 1 (UCK-1) was measured by using a coupled spectrophotometric reaction. PSI-6130 was shown to be a substrate for purified dCK, with a

K
m

of 81 μM and a
k
cat
of 0.007 s
−1
, but was not a substrate for UCK-1. PSI-6130 monophosphate (PSI-6130-MP) was efficiently phosphorylated to the diphosphate and subsequently to the triphosphate by recombinant human UMP-CMP kinase and nucleoside diphosphate kinase, respectively. The inhibition of wild-type and mutated (S282T) HCV NS5B RNA polymerases was studied. The steady-state inhibition constant (

K
i

) for PSI-6130 triphosphate (PSI-6130-TP) with the wild-type enzyme was 4.3 μM. Similar results were obtained with 2′-
C
-methyladenosine triphosphate (

K
i

= 1.5 μM) and 2′-
C
-methylcytidine triphosphate (

K
i

= 1.6 μM). NS5B with the S282T mutation, which is known to confer resistance to 2′-
C
-methyladenosine, was inhibited by PSI-6130-TP as efficiently as the wild type. Incorporation of PSI-6130-MP into RNA catalyzed by purified NS5B RNA polymerase resulted in chain termination.
Novel Macrolide Resistance Module Carried by the IncP-1β Resistance Plasmid pRSB111, Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Szczepanowski Rafael , Krahn Irene , Bohn Nadine , Pühler Alfred , Schlüter Andreas 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The macrolide resistance plasmid pRSB111 was isolated from bacteria residing in the final effluents of a wastewater treatment plant. The 47-kb plasmid confers resistance to azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, and tylosin when it is carried by
Pseudomonas
sp. strain B13 and is very similar to prototype IncP-1β plasmid pB3, which was previously isolated from an activated-sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant. The two plasmids differ in their accessory regions, located downstream of the conjugative transfer module gene
traC
. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the pRSB111 accessory region revealed that it contains a new macrolide resistance module composed of the genes
mphR
(E),
mph
(E), and
mrx
(E), which putatively encode a transcriptional regulator, a macrolide phosphotransferase, and a transmembrane transport protein, respectively. Analysis of the contributions of the individual genes of the macrolide resistance module revealed that
mph
(E) and
mrx
(E) are required for high-level macrolide resistance. The resistance genes are flanked by two insertion sequences, namely, IS
Pa15
and IS
RSB111
. Two truncated transposable elements, IS
6100
and remnants of a Tn
3
-like transposon, were identified in the vicinity of IS
RSB111
. The accessory element of pRSB111 apparently replaced the Tn
402-
like element present on the sister plasmid, pB3, as suggested by the conservation of Tn
402
-specific terminal inverted repeats on pRSB111.
Molecular Dynamics of
Emiliania huxleyi
and Cooccurring Viruses during Two Separate Mesocosm Studies
Authors: Martínez Joaquín Martínez , Schroeder Declan C. , Larsen Aud , Bratbak Gunnar , Wilson William H. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In this study we used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, sequencing analysis, and analytical flow cytometry to monitor the dynamics and genetic richness of
Emiliania huxleyi
isolates and cooccurring viruses during two mesocosm experiments in a Norwegian fjord in 2000 and 2003. We exploited variations in a gene encoding a protein with calcium-binding motifs (GPA) and in the major capsid protein (MCP) gene to assess allelic and genotypic richness within
E. huxleyi
and
E. huxleyi
-specific viruses (EhVs), respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows the effectiveness of the GPA gene for analysis of natural communities of
E. huxleyi
. Our results revealed the existence of a genetically rich, yet stable
E. huxleyi
and EhV community in the fjordic environment. Incredibly, the same virus and host genotypes dominated in separate studies conducted 3 years apart. Both
E. huxleyi
-dominated blooms contained the same six
E. huxleyi
alleles. In addition, despite the presence of at least six and four EhV genotypes at the start of the blooms in 2000 and 2003, respectively, the same two virus genotypes dominated the naturally occurring infections during the exponential and termination phases of the blooms in both years.
Identification and Characterization of a Fructose Phosphotransferase System in
Bifidobacterium breve
UCC2003
Authors: Mazé Alain , O'Connell-Motherway Mary , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , Deutscher Josef , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In silico analysis of the
Bifidobacterium breve
UCC2003 genome allowed identification of four genetic loci, each of which specifies a putative enzyme II (EII) protein of a phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. The EII encoded by
fruA
, a clear homologue of the unique EIIBCA enzyme encoded by the
Bifidobacterium longum
NCC2705 genome, was studied in more detail. The
fruA
gene is part of an operon which contains
fruT
, which is predicted to encode a homologue of the
Bacillus subtilis
antiterminator LicT. Transcriptional analysis showed that the
fru
operon is induced by fructose. The genetic structure, complementation studies, and the observed transcription pattern of the
fru
operon suggest that the EII encoded in
B. breve
is involved in fructose transport and that its expression is controlled by an antiterminator mechanism. Biochemical studies unequivocally demonstrated that FruA phosphorylates fructose at the C-6 position.
Antimicrobial-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from Dairy Cattle
Authors: Sawant Ashish A. , Hegde Narasimha V. , Straley Beth A. , Donaldson Sarah C. , Love Brenda C. , Knabel Stephen J. , Jayarao Bhushan M. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

A study was conducted to understand the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria in the feces of healthy lactating dairy cattle. Gram-negative enteric bacteria resistant to ampicillin, florfenicol, spectinomycin, and tetracycline were isolated from the feces of 35, 8, 5, and 42% of 213 lactating cattle on 74, 39, 9, 26, and 82% of 23 farms surveyed, respectively. Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria accounted for 5 (florfenicol) to 14% (tetracycline) of total gram-negative enteric microflora. Nine bacterial species were isolated, of which
Escherichia coli
(87%) was the most predominant species. MICs showing reduced susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline were observed in
E. coli
isolates. Isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (48%), ceftiofur (11%), chloramphenicol (20%), florfenicol (78%), spectinomycin (18%), and tetracycline (93%). Multidrug resistance (≥3 to 6 antimicrobials) was seen in 40% of
E. coli
isolates from healthy lactating cattle. Of 113 tetracycline-resistant
E. coli
isolates,
tet
(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 93% of isolates, while the remaining 7% isolates carried the
tet
(A) determinant. DNA-DNA hybridization assays revealed that
tet
determinants were located on the chromosome. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that tetracycline-resistant
E. coli
isolates (
n
= 99 isolates) belonged to 60 subtypes, which is suggestive of a highly diverse population of tetracycline-resistant organisms. On most occasions,
E. coli
subtypes, although shared between cows within the herd, were confined mostly to a dairy herd. The findings of this study suggest that commensal enteric
E. coli
from healthy lactating cattle can be an important reservoir for tetracycline and perhaps other antimicrobial resistance determinants.
Analysis of Diversity and Activity of Sulfate-Reducing Bacterial Communities in Sulfidogenic Bioreactors Using 16S rRNA and
dsrB
Genes as Molecular Markers
Authors: Dar Shabir A. , Yao Li , van Dongen Udo , Kuenen J. Gijs , Muyzer Gerard 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Here
we describe the diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria
(SRB) in sulfidogenic bioreactors by using the simultaneous analysis of
PCR products obtained from DNA and RNA of the 16S rRNA and
dissimilatory sulfite reductase (
dsrAB
) genes. We subsequently
analyzed the amplified gene fragments by using denaturing gradient gel
electrophoresis (DGGE). We observed fewer bands in the RNA-based DGGE
profiles than in the DNA-based profiles, indicating marked differences
in the populations present and in those that were metabolically active
at the time of sampling. Comparative sequence analyses of the bands
obtained from rRNA and
dsrB
DGGE profiles were congruent,
revealing the same SRB populations. Bioreactors that received either
ethanol or isopropanol as an energy source showed the presence of SRB
affiliated with
Desulfobulbus rhabdoformis
and/or
Desulfovibrio sulfodismutans
, as well as SRB related to the
acetate-oxidizing
Desulfobacca acetoxidans
. The reactor that
received wastewater containing a diverse mixture of organic compounds
showed the presence of nutritionally versatile SRB affiliated with
Desulfosarcina variabilis
and another acetate-oxidizing SRB,
affiliated with
Desulfoarculus baarsii
. In addition to DGGE
analysis, we performed whole-cell hybridization with fluorescently
labeled oligonucleotide probes to estimate the relative abundances of
the dominant sulfate-reducing bacterial populations.
Desulfobacca
acetoxidans
-like populations were most dominant (50 to 60%)
relative to the total SRB communities, followed by
Desulfovibrio-
like populations (30 to 40%), and
Desulfobulbus
-like populations (15 to 20%). This study is the
first to identify metabolically active SRB in sulfidogenic bioreactors
by using the functional gene
dsrAB
as a molecular marker. The
same approach can also be used to infer the ecological role of
coexisting SRB in other
habitats.