bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligocene to Early Miocene sedimentation and tectonics in the southern part of the Calabrian‐Peloritan Arc (Aspromonte, southern Italy): a record of mixed‐mode piggy‐back basin evolution
Authors: Weltje GERTJAN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Calabrian‐Peloritan Arc (southern Italy) represents a fragment of the European margin, thrusted onto the Apennines and Maghrebides during the Europe‐Apulia collision in the late Early Miocene. A reconstruction of the pre‐Middle Miocene tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the southern part of the Calabrian‐Peloritan Arc (CPA) is presented, based on a detailed analysis of the Stilo‐Capo ďOrlando Formation (SCO Fm). Deposition of the SCO Fm occurred in a series of mixed‐mode piggy‐back basins. Basin evolution was controlled by two intersecting fault systems. A NW‐SE oriented system delimited a series of sub‐basins and fixed the position of feeder channels and submarine canyons, whereas a NE‐SW oriented system controlled the axial dispersal of coarse‐grained sediments within each of the sub‐basins. From base to top, sedimentary environments change from terrestrial and lagoonal to upper bathyal over a timespan of approximately 12 Myr (late Early Oligocene‐late Early Miocene). During this interval, extensional tectonic activity alternated with oblique backthrusting events, related to dextral transpression along the NW‐SE oriented faults. This produced a characteristic pulsating pattern of basin evolution.Oligocene‐Early Miocene evolution of the W. Mediterranean basin was dominated by ‘roll back’ of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere. Considerable extension in the overriding European Plate gave rise to the formation of a back arc‐thrust system. The initial stages of Calabrian Basin evolution are remarkably similar to the evolution of rift basins in the back arc (Sardinia). The Calabrian basins, which are inferred to have originated as thin‐skinned pull‐apart basins, were subsequently incorporated into the Apennines‐Maghrebides accretionary wedge by out‐of‐sequence thrusting, and became decoupled from the back arc. Periodic restabilization of the accretionary wedge, resulting in an alternation of backthrusting and listric normal faulting, provides an explanation for the structural evolution of these mixed‐mode basins. The basins of the southern part of the CPA may be termed ‘spanner’ or ‘looper’ basins, in view of their characteristic pulsating structural evolution, superimposed upon their migration toward the foreland. This new term adequately accounts for the occurrence of tectonic inversions in long‐lived piggy‐back basins, as expected in the light of the dynamics of accretionary wedges.
Lithospheric flexure as a control on stratal geometry and fades distribution in Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Alberta foreland basin
Authors: Plint A. GUY , Hart BRUCE S. , Donaldson W. STEVEN 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFacies distributions, stratal geometry and regional erosional bevelling surfaces in Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian‐Santonian) strata of the Alberta foreland basin are interpreted in terms of high‐frequency (probably eustatic) relative changes in sea level, superimposed on longer‐term basin‐floor warping, related to episodic tectonic loading. Thick marine shales correspond to periods of rapid subsidence whereas thin but extensive strandplain sandstones record rapid progradation during slow subsidence. Westward‐thickening wedges of coastal plain strata were deposited during initial downwarping of a near‐horizontal strandplain, prior to marine transgression. Surfaces of erosional bevelling beneath which between 40 and >160m of strata have been removed extend at least 300 km from the present deformation front and are interpreted to reflect forebulge uplift in the east. Uplift appears to have lagged about 0.25‐0.5 Myr behind the onset of accelerated loading. Thin marine sandstones which grade westward into mudstone are interpreted as material winnowed from the crest of the rising forebulge. Subsidence and/or westward migration of the forebulge allowed the sea to flood westward across the eastern flank of the eroded forebulge. The transgressive shoreface cut asymmetric notches which were later blanketed by marine shales which lap out from east to west. The two unconformities which embody the largest erosional vacuity are veneered locally with oolitic ironstone which accumulated in a shallow, sediment‐starved setting on the crest of the forebulge. The consistent pattern of erosional bevelling and lap‐out of transgressive shales might be interpreted as evidence that the forebulge migrated towards the thrust load over a period of <1 Myr.
Carbonate platforms as recorders of high‐amplitude eustatic sea‐level fluctuations: the late Albian appenninica‐event
Authors: Grötsch JÜRGEN , Schroeder ROLF , Noé SIBYLLE , Flugel ERIK 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe mid‐Cretaceous was a time in which rapid vertical carbonate accumulation alternated with intervals of world‐wide crisis on carbonate platforms. Next to the well‐known mid‐Valanginian, mid‐Aptian and Cenomanian/Turonian event, the late Albian Rotalipora appennirjica‐7.one is a period of severe platform crisis which is reflected differently on different platforms in the Tethys, the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. On the Dinaric Platform in western Slovenia (Tethys) karstification and subsequent temporary drowning of parts of the platform is recorded in sediment infillings of a cave system in a reef along the northern edge of the open ocean platform. Biostratigraphic analysis indicates that vertical aggradation, karstification, short‐term pelagic influx and subsequent shallow‐water carbonate production all took place in the late Albian. Simultaneous, but complete drowning can be observed in the north‐west Pacific which is an area where the demise of reefs is most obviously expressed by numerous sunken atolls. New sedimentological and palaeontological data, as well as seabeam and seismic data from several cruises, suggest a dramatic fall of sea level prior to a rise of even higher amplitude in the Rotalipora appenninica‐zone. This sea‐level rise led to the deposition of a drowning succession and the formation of terminally drowned barrier reefs, rimming the top of many guyots. Karstification and drowning during the same biozone is also recorded on an isolated, shelf‐attached platform in the Basco‐Cantabrian Basin (North Atlantic) which shows similar cavity systems, infilling sediments and a thin drowning succession. Another example of late Albian platform drowning is the Maracaibo Platform in north‐west Venezuela. Thus, carbonate platforms can be used as recorders of high‐amplitude sea‐level changes, providing quantitative data on magnitude of fluctuations and their nature (relative vs. eustatic). In the case of the appenninica‐extnt, they also provide evidence that even during Cretaceous greenhouse climate period(s), dramatic disturbance of climatic equilibrium linked with short‐term high‐amplitude regressive‐transgressive cycle(s) occurred. The reason for this eustatic sea‐level fluctuation is yet unclear but could ultimately be triggered by volcanotectonic processes.
Geothermal field interpretation in south‐central Kansas for parts of the Nemaha Anticline and flanking Cherokee and Sedgwick basins
Authors: Förster ANDREA , Merriam DANIEL F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe first assessment of temperature conditions in Kansas was made by geothermal gradient computations from temperature measurements in shallow boreholes, and these conditions are related to structural patterns, sedimentary cover and underlying basement properties. The area of south‐central Kansas was selected for detailed study of geothermal character in relation to the geology. The aim was to quantify the relations and to determine the relationship of different variables of the temperature field. Input parameters included geothermal variables of gradient and temperature, and structure and sediment thickness. Two approaches were used: (1) the numerical computation of theoretical temperature‐depth models based on conductive heat transfer, and (2) a map‐comparison technique based on algebraic methods. The temperature field information usable for the map comparison is different in response to different measurements (nonequilibrium BHTs and temperatures from logged measurements in equilibrium).Derived from modelled results (plotted isotherms on cross‐sections), a close relation between gradients and thermal conductivity of the sediments was confirmed. The most noticeable effect on the geothermal field, as noted quantitatively from the map‐comparison study, is the relation of thickness of outcropping Permo‐Pennsylvanian units because of their different thermal conductivity. The eastward increase of mean gradients is inversely related to the total sediment thickness, but this is mostly recognizable using the shallow temperature gradients. This dissimilarity gives additional evidence for a close link between gradients and thermal conductivity of the sediments in which the temperature measurements were made. The effect caused by the structure in deeper (older) units is not important and seems not to be significant, nor is the influence of the basement rock composition as indicated by the temperature modelling.
Sedimentation processes and basin‐filling depositional architecture in an active asymmetric graben: Strava graben, Gulf of Corinth, Greece
Authors: Papatheodorou G. , Ferentinos G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper presents data on the sedimentation processes and basin‐fill architecture in an incipient submarine intrabasinal graben, the Strava graben. The Strava graben is a relatively small intrabasinal structure about 15 km long and 3 km wide formed some time during the late Pleistocene. It connects the Alkyonidhes basin to the Corinth basin, in the Aegean back arc, which is characterized by fast rates of extension and intensive seismicity.Analysis and interpretation of high‐resolution 3.5‐kHz and sparker profiles together with sonar imagery have shown that gravity‐driven sediment transport, triggered by earthquakes, is the dominant sedimentation process and that this sediment forms the vast bulk of the basin‐fill.The sediment deposited in the Strava graben is derived from the uplifted footwall blocks bounding the graben and is transported to the basin initially as liquefied flows, some of which may progressively evolve to turbidity flows. The deposits of the liquefied flows have accumulated in the graben floor as aggradational stacks, consisting of sheet‐like, low‐relief lobes, forming base of slope aprons that are fed by multiple sediment sources along active faults. In addition to the lateral (footwall‐derived) sediment transport there is also a gravity‐controlled axial transport.The axial transport has formed a depositional system in the down‐dip termination of the Strava graben, where it enters the Corinth basin. The axial depositional system grows outwards and upwards and consists of liquefied flow depositional lobes which are separated by turbidites.The sedimentation transport processes and basin infilling style described for the Strava graben can be used as a predictive model for the early synrift stage of ancient submarine intrabasinal structures, in which the major sediment source area is the bounding fault scarps and not drainage basins in the hinterland.
Late Quaternary turbidity current pathways to the Madeira Abyssal Plain and some constraints on turbidity current mechanisms
Authors: Masson D. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTurbidites deposited in the Madeira Abyssal Plain during the last 200 000 yr originated mainly from the flanks of the Canary Islands and from the Northwest African continental margin north of the Canaries. Derivation of these turbidites from sources to the east of the abyssal plain apparently contradicts flow direction indicators derived from the sediments on the plain, which indicate derivation from the north‐east. However, two systems of shallow channels, mapped using side‐scan sonar and 3.5‐kHz data, link the easterly sediment sources to the north‐eastern edge of the abyssal plain, reconciling the apparently contradictory flow direction data. A northern system originates in the area between Madeira and the Canary Islands and follows a westerly and then north‐westerly path, in part cutting obliquely across regional bathymetric trends. It carries sediment from the African continental margin north of the Canary Islands, and from the eastern Canaries, to the north‐eastern abyssal plain. The southern channel system carries material from the western Canary Islands more directly westward to the central part of the plain. The pathways of individual turbidites can be reconstructed in some detail, by combining channel mapping with published information on turbidite provenance and flow directions on the Madeira Abyssal Plain. Interaction between turbidity currents and channel morphology controls turbidite depositional patterns. Small turbidites are completely contained within channels 20 m deep and 2 km wide. It is proposed that these are relatively high‐density flows which have evolved in crossing the almost flat floor of a basin south‐east of Madeira before entering the channel system. Larger turbidites show evidence of flow stripping where they interact with channels, with the result that their coarse and fine fractions follow different paths to and across the abyssal plain.
Evolution of a transfer‐related basin: the Ardea basin (Latium, central Italy)
Authors: Faccenna CLAUDIO , Funiciello RENATO , Bruni ALESSANDRO , Mattei MASSIMO , Sagnotti LEONARDO 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDuring the Messinian—Pleistocene, the Peninsular Tyrrhenian margin underwent a NE—SW orientated stretching regime, with the formation of a NW—SE normal fault system and basins which are linked by NE—SW transfer fault zones. These fault zones border narrow and deep asymmetric basins. This paper uses geological and geophysical analysis (structural and stratigraphical data, seismic lines and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data) to look at the evolution of one of these transfer‐related basins, located south of Rome (Ardea basin). Comparison with other similar features indicates that the common characteristics of these transfer structures are: (i) the slip vector along the transfer fault is mostly dip‐slip, which means that the local extensional direction is orthogonal to the regional extensional direction; (ii) development of a narrow and deep half‐graben basin.
Relief development of a Mesozoic carbonate platform margin (Southern Alps, northern Italy)
Authors: Lehner BENEDIKT L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effect of various erosional processes on the relief development of a carbonate platform margin is documented from outcrops of the Southern Alps, northern Italy, by the occurrence of truncation surfaces and redistribution of remobilized sediments. The periplatform depositional history, with periods of intensive submarine erosion along the north‐western Trento plateau margin, is recorded by various carbonate deposits ranging in age from the Early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous with numerous gaps.The first Early Jurassic period of submarine erosion is marked by truncation and extensive tectonic fracturing of lower Liassic oolitic skeletal periplatform deposits. These are overlain by pelmicritic sediments of late Hettangian to Toarcian age. The second period of submarine erosion during the late Early Jurassic resulted in almost complete truncation of the pelmicritic unit. Crinoidal to oolitic periplatform carbonate sands were subsequently deposited along the carbonate margin until the Aalenian/Bajocian. The third truncation surface was produced by partial current erosion of the crinoidal to oolitic periplatform deposits during the late Bajocian to Callovian. The fourth, and most prominent, truncation surface was produced by erosion during the Early Cretaceous cutting down from Aptian/Albian pelagic units to Toarcian periplatform deposits. The resulting submarine relief was completely buried during the late Maastrichtian by onlapping pelagic sediments.The documentation of the depositional history during the Late Mesozoic of the north‐western Trento plateau pinpoints the main mechanisms responsible for the relief of the drowned carbonate platform margin. Extensional tectonic activity during differential subsidence and current‐induced erosional truncation, followed by gravitational downslope mass transport and rapid pelagic burial mainly determined the morphology of the drowned carbonate platform margin.
Interaction between bimodal volcanism, fluvial sedimentation and basin development in the Permo‐Carboniferous Saar‐Nahe Basin (south‐west Germany)
Authors: Stollhofen HARALD , Stanistreet IAN G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWidespread bimodal‐calcalkaline magmatism and contemporaneously active faulting reflect the combined effects of late‐orogenic collapse and strike‐slip faulting during syn‐rift development of the late‐Variscan Saar‐Nahe Basin. The intrabasinal drainage systems experienced major but differing influences from three prominent styles of volcanic extrusives: extensive basic lava flows; localized acidic domes; and widespread pyroclastic units.Sedimentary sections including basic to intermediate lavas show the transformation of pre‐eruptive meandering fluvial systems into lacustrine systems following lava eruptions. These relationships are interpreted in terms of damming of the drainage systems by the topographic barriers represented by the basic lavas themselves. Siliciclastic sediments re‐entered and ultimately filled the lakes through prograding, small‐scale crevasse channel/mouth bar complexes.Uplift associated with the intrusive/extrusive emplacement of acidic domes affected both the accommodation space and the internal topography of the basin. Following an extrusive pulse, each dome collapse caused the progradation of voluminous volcaniclastic aprons onto the surrounding alluvial plain. Locally, the overload by large volumes of unconsolidated detritus converted the regional meandering drainage system into a braided one. The overall duration of acidic dome activity could have been longer than 106 years, but was interrupted by repose periods varying probably between a few hundred years to several thousand years.Pyroclastic activity accompanied dome emplacement and registers their episodic activity in the stratigraphic record. Fine‐grained ashes of phreatoplinian eruptions were spread widely within the basin and overloaded streams in the area of fallout. Rapid reworking of huge amounts of unconsolidated material supplied an abundance of volcanic detritus, which tended to fill topographic lows that were usually fault‐controlled.The relationships between basin evolution, intrabasinal volcanism and contemporaneously active faulting, identified in the Saar‐Nahe Basin, are important. They emphasize and further the understanding of how similar volcanic products in sedimentary basins worldwide impacted on the depositional system.
Geochemistry of formation waters and hydrodynamic evolution of a young and restricted sedimentary basin (Mahakam Delta Basin, Indonesia)
Authors: Furlan S. , Chaudhuri S. , Clauer N. , Sommer F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChemical and isotopic data on formation waters of oil‐fields from two parallel anticline axes of the Mahakam Delta Basin provide information about the present‐day mass transfers in the sedimentary sequence of this basin. Depletions in Ca, Sr and K, enrichment in Rb, and the Sr/Ca ratios in the waters are related to illitization of smectite and precipitation of carbonate minerals, as well as dissolution of K‐feldspar and precipitation of albite. These short‐lasting processes seem to have been more pronounced in the deeper segments of the proximal anticline. The Sr, oxygen and hydrogen isotopic data emphasize occurrence of lateral migrations of the formation waters within permeable units from Borneo Island to the proximal anticline under continental influence, and further to the distal anticline under marine influence.Description of a combined process including illitization of smectite, precipitation of carbonate minerals, dissolution of K‐feldspar and precipitation of albitic feldspar, during lateral migrations of the formation waters was only possible because of the young age and the restricted volume of the basin. In addition, the chemical signatures in the formation waters were not obscured by water‐rock interactions during long‐distance migrations that occur systematically in large sedimentary basins.
Two‐phase evolution of the Shadow Valley Basin, south‐eastern California: a possible record of footwall uplift during extensional detachment faulting
Authors: Fowler T. K. , Friedmann S. J. , Davis G. A. , Bishop K. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMiocene strata of the Shadow Valley Basin rest unconformably on the upper plate of the Kingston Range ‐ Halloran Hills detachment fault system in the eastern Mojave desert, California. Basin development occurred in two broad phases that we interpret as a response to changes in footwall geometry. In southern portions of the basin, south of the Kingston Range, phase one began with near synchronous initiation of detachment faulting, volcanism and basin sedimentation shortly after 13.4 Ma. Between c. 13.4 and c. 10 Ma, concordantly bedded phase one strata were deposited onto the subsiding hangingwall of the detachment fault as it was translated 5–9 km south‐westward with only limited internal deformation. Phase two (c. 10 to 8–5 Ma) is marked by extensional dismemberment of the detachment fault's upper plate along predominantly west‐dipping normal faults. Phase two sediments were deposited synchronously with upper‐plate normal faulting and unconformably overlie phase one deposits, displaying progressive shallowing in dip and intraformational onlap.Northern portions of the basin, in the Kingston Range, experienced a similar two‐phase development compressed into a shorter interval of time. Here, phase one occurred between c. 13.4 and 12.8–12.5 (?) Ma, whereas phase two probably lasted for no more than a few 100000 years immediately prior to c. 12.4 Ma. Differences in the duration of basin development in and south of the Kingston Range apparently relate to position with respect to the detachment fault's breakaway; northern basin exposures overlie the upper plate adjacent to the breakaway (0–15 km) whereas southern basin exposures occur far from the breakaway (20–40 km).We interpret the phase one to phase two transition as recording breakup of the detachment fault's hangingwall during footwall uplift. We propose a model for supradetachment basin evolution in which early, concordantly bedded basin strata are deposited on the hangingwall as it translates intact above a weakly deforming footwall. With continuing extension, tectonic denudation along the detachment fault leads to an increasing flexural isostatic footwall response. We suggest that isostatic footwall uplift may drive internal breakup of the upper plate as the detachment fault is rotated to a shallow dip, mechanically unfavourable for simple upper‐plate translation. Additionally, we argue that continuing hangingwall thinning during phase two places geometrical constraints on the timing, amount and, thus, rate of footwall uplift. Kinematically determined footwall uplift rates (0.5–4.5 mm/yr) are comparable with rates determined independently by thermochronological and geobarometric methods.