bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double‐subtraction maximum intensity projection MR angiography for detecting the artery of Adamkiewicz and differentiating it from the drainage vein
Authors: Hyodoh Hideki , Shirase Ryuji , Akiba Hidenari , Tamakawa Mitsuharu , Hyodoh Kazusa , Yama Naoya , Shonai Takaharu , Hareyama Masato 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of double‐subtraction magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) (subtraction of the subtracted venous phase image from the subtracted arterial dominant phase image) for depicting the artery of Adamkiewicz and differentiating it from the drainage vein.Materials and MethodsA total of 170 patients (123 men, 47 women; aged 17–84 years, mean = 67 years), with a thoracoabdominal vascular lesion underwent MRA for detection of the artery of Adamkiewicz. MRA was performed as a five‐phase dynamic‐enhanced three‐dimensional (3D) fast spoiled gradient recalled acquisition in steady state (GRASS) sequence on a 1.5‐T system, with double‐dose bolus contrast and saline injection. The levels at which the artery of Adamkiewicz and drainage vein originated were determined. Signal intensities of the two vessels were measured with source images to assess the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and necessity of the double‐subtraction technique.ResultsThe artery of Adamkiewicz was detected in 140 patients (82.4%). Branching occurred at levels T8–T12 on the left and T8–T11 on the right. An additional anterior radiculomedullary artery was detected in 18 patients. The drainage vein was detected in 133 patients (78.2%). It merged at the T9–L2 level on both sides. In six of the 133 patients (4.5%), the drainage vein branched upwardly. Neither SNR nor CNR differed significantly between the artery of Adamkiewicz and the drainage vein in the arterial phase; but on the subtraction image, signal intensity of the artery was higher than that of the drainage vein (P < 0.05).ConclusionDouble‐subtraction MRA is useful for detecting the artery of Adamkiewicz when it is necessary to differentiate it from the drainage vein. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snake venomics. Strategy and applications
Authors: Calvete Juan J. , Juárez Paula , Sanz Libia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSnake bites can be deadly, but the venoms also contain components of medical and biotechnological value. The proteomic characterization of snake venom proteomes, snake venomics, has thus a number of potential benefits for basic research, clinical diagnosis, and development of new research tools and drugs of potential clinical use. Snake venomics is also relevant for a deep understanding of the evolution and the biological effects of the venoms, and to generate immunization protocols to elicit toxin‐specific antibodies with greater specificity and effectiveness than conventional systems. Our snake venomics approach starts with the fractionation of the crude venom by reverse‐phase HPLC, followed by the initial characterization of each protein fraction by combination of N‐terminal sequencing, SDS‐PAGE, and mass spectrometric determination of the molecular masses and the cysteine (SH and SS) content. Protein fractions showing a single electrophoretic band, molecular mass, and N‐terminal sequence can be straightforwardly assigned by BLAST analysis to a known protein family. On the other hand, protein fractions showing heterogeneous or blocked N‐termini are analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and the bands of interest subjected to automated reduction, carbamidomethylation, and in‐gel tryptic digestion. The resulting tryptic peptides are then analyzed by MALDI‐TOF mass fingerprinting followed by amino acid sequence determination of selected doubly and triply charged peptide ions by collision‐induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. The combined strategy allows us to assign unambiguously all the isolated venom toxins representing over 0.05% of the total venom proteins to known protein families. Protocols and applications of snake venomics are reviewed and discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MALDI‐ion mobility‐TOFMS imaging of lipids in rat brain tissue
Authors: Jackson Shelley N. , Ugarov Michael , Egan Thomas , Post Jeremy D. , Langlais Denis , Albert Schultz J. , Woods Amina S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhile maintaining anatomical integrity, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) has allowed researchers to directly probe tissue, map the distribution of analytes and elucidate molecular structure with minimal preparation. MALDI‐ion mobility (IM)‐orthogonal time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (oTOFMS) provides an advantage by initially separating different classes of biomolecules such as lipids, peptides, and nucleotides by their IM drift times prior to mass analysis. In the present work the distribution of phosphatidlycholine and cerebroside species was mapped from 16 µm thick coronal rat brain sections using MALDI‐IM‐oTOFMS. Furthermore, the use of gold nanoparticles as a matrix enables detection of cerebrosides, which although highly concentrated in brain tissue, are not easily observed as positive ions because of intense signals from lipids such as phosphatidlycholines and sphingomyelins. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aroma series as fingerprints for biological ageing in fino sherry‐type wines
Authors: Zea Luis , Moyano Lourdes , Moreno Jose A , Medina Manuel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The contribution of flor yeasts and wood to the ageing of fino sherry type wines was studied by using capillary column gas chromatography to analyse 72 aroma compounds in wines subjected to biological ageing. The odour activity values (OAVs) for the different compounds were classified into eight odorant series that describe the aroma profile of these wines (fruity, chemical, balsamic, vegetable, fatty, empyreumatic, floral and spicy).RESULTS: The fruity samples made up the major series followed by the fatty and spicy at the end of the ageing period. The application of a linear regression model to the OAVs for the different series revealed that the fruity series, which is related to the flor yeasts activity, and the spicy series, which includes the compounds released by wood, are those most closely representing the changes in the aroma of these wines during their ageing.CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the OAVs for fruity and spicy series along the ageing period can be used to establish a balance between the aroma compounds contributed by the flor yeasts and those extracted from the wood. This balance should be particularly considered in works aimed at shortening the ageing time for these wines. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental investigation of the intermediates of isooctane during ignition
Authors: He X. , Walton S. M. , Zigler B. T. , Wooldridge M. S. , Atreya A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDirect measurements of intermediates of ignition are challenging experimental objectives, yet such measurements are critical for understanding fuel decomposition and oxidation pathways. In the current work, a new gas‐sampling system is used to provide quantitative discrete measurements of 30 hydrocarbon and oxygenate species during rapid compression facility studies of isooctane ignition. Two target conditions and equivalence ratios (based on molar fuel to oxygen ratio) were studied (P = 5.2 atm, T = 1000 K, ϕ = 0.4 and P = 4.8 atm, T = 975 K, ϕ = 1.2). The results are compared with model predictions that use the detailed reaction mechanism developed by Curran et al. (Combust Flame 2002, 129, 253–280). In general, the model predictions are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, including several trace species. Isobutene (i‐C4H8) and propene (C3H6) were the major olefin species identified in the experiments. The results are consistent with an intermediate temperature reaction path sequence, where isooctane is consumed by H‐atom abstraction to yield isooctyl radicals that undergo β‐scission to form olefin and alkyl radical species. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 498–517, 2007
Thermochemistry of methyl and ethyl esters from vegetable oils
Authors: Osmont Antoine , Catoire Laurent , Gökalp Iskender 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the gas‐phase thermodynamic properties of methyl ester and ethyl ester of vegetable oils (fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters respectively) present in biodiesel. The standard enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K, heat capacities, and entropies in the temperature range 300–5000 K are determined by means of quantum chemistry calculations along with a protocol developed for these compounds. The resultant data, currently not available in the literature for most of them, are critical to the modeling of combustion chemistry of the subject compounds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 481–491, 2007
An analytical solution for the kinetics of AB(1k,1ϕ) systems and its application to a spirobenzopyran
Authors: Maafi M. , Brown R. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new, rapid method is described which determines the absolute values of all the unknown parameters of an AB(1k,1ϕ) reactive system from experimental information about the change of absorbance with time at any given wavelength. The mathematical algorithm is given for the case where the spectrum of the isomer B is not experimentally accessible and overlaps the spectrum of A. An example of its application to a photochromic spiropyran derivative is given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 539–545, 2007
Water points and their influence on grazing resources in central northern Namibia
Authors: Klintenberg P. , Verlinden A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDebate among scientists about ecological dynamics and appropriate management of semi‐arid rangelands has led to a challenge of received wisdoms of range management and pastoral development in dryland Africa. In our study, we investigated impacts of grazing on grass composition around permanent water points along a pipeline and around a traditional hand‐dug well in an important grazing area in central northern Namibia. Grass species abundance and selected environmental variables sampled along transects radiating out from these water points were analysed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Significant grazing‐induced changes, manifested by palatable perennial grasses being replaced by less palatable annual grasses, were identified around water points along the pipeline. There annual grasses Schmidtia kalihariensis and Aristida stipioides dominate the vegetation as far as 5 km from the water points. No significant grazing‐induced changes in grass composition were observed around the hand‐dug well. Private ownership leading to stronger control of access to traditional wells compared to the open access water points along the pipeline seems to be a key factor preventing overutilisation of grazing resources around the former. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐fiber mode‐multiplexed transmission of two channels in a single step‐index multimode fiber
Authors: Schmauss Bernhard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMode multiplexing, a method for transmitting two signals in one fiber without time‐ or wavelength multiplexing, is presented in theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that two mode‐coded channels can be launched and separated using optical directional couplers with enhanced mode selectivity combined with a simple signal processing unit. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Thin pseudochiral layers: Approximate boundary conditions and potential applications
Authors: Tretyakov Sergei A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHere we study electromagnetic properties of thin layers of novel pseudochiral synthetic materials, described by bianisotropic constitutive relations. Approximate boundary conditions are given to model plane layers and to simplify electromagnetic analysis. Properties of waves in a strip line on a two‐layer ferrite‐pseudochiral substrate are studied and examples of prospective uses of pseudochiral composites are suggested. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Effects of nonideal optical‐fiber equalization
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy M. , Ibrahim A. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEffects of nonideal‐fiber equalization are analyzed in terms of a sensitivity parameter ζ, defined as

where αout is the RMS width of the output pulse and θ is a parameter that represents the deviation of the actual transfer function from the ideal one. The dependence of that parameter on the width of the predistorted signal is given, along with its dependence on the mismatch factor θ. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Simplified design theory for a circular microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Roy Jibendu Sekhar , Jecko Bernard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn accurate and simple design procedure for a circular microstrip patch antenna to operate in the dominant mode is obtained, for which it is not necessary to compute the conventional design theory, involving the Bessel function. The design equations presented in this article provide for the design of a circular microstrip antenna, in a direct way, for specified resonant resistance and gain in the desired frequency. From this design theory, it is found that the effective gain of a circular microstrip antenna in the dominant mode can be evaluated measuring resonant resistance only. This is also verified experimentally. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Phase modulation in a liquid‐crystal TV based joint transform correlator
Authors: Gregory Don A. , Kirsch J. C. , Tanone Aris , Yin S. , Andres P. , Yu Francis T. S. , Tam Eddy C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA phase‐encoded object has been modeled as the input to a joint transform correlator. The joint transform power spectrum is modeled as a binary phase object to calculate the correlation output. The results have been experimentally verified using a liquid‐crystal television operating in the phase modulation mode.
Analyzing the radiated characteristics of a two‐layered chirostrip dipole antenna using the dyadic green's function
Authors: Yin Wenyan , Wang Wenbin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA formulation of the dyadic Green's function for a two‐layered chirostrip is presented using the method of scattering superposition, and an expression of the radiated field of a horizontal dipole antenna printed on a grounded chiral slab is derived. The effects of a chiral superstrate on the radiation pattern are analyzed. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
An experimental investigation into microstrip antenna elements suitable for mobilesat applications
Authors: Jellett S. T. , Bialkowski M. E. , Dimitrios A. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn experimental investigation atL‐band frequencies was performed on single patch and electromagnetically coupled microstrip antennas. The aim was to find an antenna array element suitable for mobile satellite communications. Various results and field pattern measurements were taken for different patch sizes and antenna configurations. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A novel RF reference source using subharmonically locked synchronous oscillation
Authors: Lam Vincent M. T. , Yip Peter C. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe design and implementation of a stable reference source at 258 MHz using subharmonically locked oscillation is described. The stability of the oscillator is achieved by locking a synchronous oscillator (SO) to a stable crystal oscillator, the stability of which is to be transferred to the SO, oscillating at a subharmonic frequency of the required output frequency. The reference source is a low‐voltage (1.2 V) and low‐current (1.18 mA) consumption design. This type of reference source is potentially very useful in fixed frequency mobile receivers and transmitters where crystal referred frequency stability, supply voltage, current consumption, and size are major design constraints. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A further development on uniform asymptotic expansions
Authors: Vaudon P. , Jecko B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBy exhibiting the development of the Pauli‐Clemmow method in a new manner, it is shown that the two uniform asymptotic expansions commonly used are different. Next it is shown that an infinity of different uniform asymptotic expansions can be constructed for each type of development. This allows us to set the Kouyoumjian and Pathak formulation on a rigorous basis. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
An inexpensive microwave distance measuring system
Authors: Noon David A. , Bialkowski Marek E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn inexpensive system that accurately measures ranges of the order of meters, with the resolution of centimeters, is described. The synthesized pulse and phase counting methods, based on coherent transmission and quadrature detection, are discussed. Suitable calibration schemes to obtain distance measurement accuracies better than 99% are described. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Kerr bistability in optical fiber loop resonators with a 3 × 3 fiber coupler
Authors: Ja Y. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA theoretical study of bistability caused by the Kerr effect in two types of optical fiber loop resonators connected to a 3 × 3 coupler is carried out. The dependence of the bistability on various parameters of the fiber and the coupler is investigated and presented as graphs. The bistability offers the possibility of using these fiber loop resonators as optical logic gates, memories, switches, and differential amplifiers. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Complex target polarimetric modelization and measurement
Authors: Desclos L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of all possible polarimetric behavior modelization is presented. The aim of this work is also to present a model for a complex target seen as an assembly of saddle points, when the target's dimensions are greater than few wavelengths. From these assumptions the use of asymptotic techniques leads to a list of saddle points which are capable of precise description of complex targets. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Quasistatic analysis of a pair of skewed transmission lines in multilayered dielectric media for mmic applications
Authors: Carpentier J. F. , Pribetich P. , Kennis P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe capacitive coupling between two microstrip lines crossing diagonally above a ground plane in a multilayered dielectric substrate is analyzed through a quasistatic approach based on the space‐domain integral equation method. The typical evolutions of the normalized lumped excessive capacitances for nonorthogonal crossover configurations are presented. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Attenuation properties of normal modes in coated circular waveguides with imperfectly conducting walls
Authors: Huang Zhixun , Zeng Cheng 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new analytic characteristic equation is presented and applied to the analysis of attenuation properties of normal modes in coated circular waveguides including conductor loss. Approximate and numerical methods are employed to accomplish the solution to the new equation, resulting in some useful approximate formulas for calculations of modal attenuations. These formulas are applicable to the analysis and design of the coated circular waveguide including conductor loss because of their good agreement with the numerical results obtained by the computer. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
The propagation characteristics of nonlinear guided waves along a nonlinear waveguide bounded by two identical self‐focusing media
Authors: Chang Wen‐Ching , Liu Shuh‐Fang , Wang Way‐Seen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe propagation phenomena of nonlinear guided waves along a nonlinear waveguide bounded by two identical self‐focusing media are studied numerically. Both TE0 and TE1 guided waves are investigated. It is indicated that the derivative of the guided‐wave power flow with respect to the guided‐wave effective index can be a criterion for the stability of nonlinear guided waves under consideration. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Analysis of double‐step discontinuity in a rectangular waveguide using a TEX‐TMXfield expansion
Authors: Gentili G. G. , Melloni A. , Macchiarella G. , Politi M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe analysis of double‐step discontinuity in a rectangular waveguide is presented using a TEx‐TMxfield‐expansion and mode‐matching technique. The procedure keeps the advantages of TExexpansion (fewer modes with respect to TE‐TM) and still holds when TExfails because of the excitation of the Exfield component. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Explanation of acousto‐optic frequency multiplication in amorphous materials
Authors: Taalbi Mustapha , Ishii T. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObserved anomalous acousto‐optic frequency multiplication in amorphous materials is explained for the first time. Theoretical models reviewed include the nonresonant standing‐wave model, the first‐order modulation model, and the second‐order modulation model. It is found that only the nonresonant standing‐wave model provides an explanation for the observed phenomena, and not the Other models. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Characterization of annealed proton‐exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides fabricated using toluic acid
Authors: Loi K. K. , Pun E. Y. B. , Chung P. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAnnealing properties of proton‐exchanged optical waveguides in z‐cut LiNbO3 fabricated using toluic acid are reported. Variations in the surface refractive index and waveguide depth with annealing time are found to follow a power‐law relationship, and a minimum propagation loss of 0.23 dB/m is measured at 0.633‐μm wavelength. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Effects of chirality admittance on the cutoff wavelength of propagating modes in a chiral coaxial line
Authors: Wenyan Yin , Pao Li 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe field distributions and cutoff equations of the propagating modes in chiral coaxial line are derived at first, and the effects of chirality admittance ξc, on the cutoff wavelengths of EHnm and HEnm are examined. The results show that the cutoff wavelengths of EHnl and HEnl (n = 0, 1, 4) are approximately proportional to ξc, and also, in chiral coaxial lines, the longitudinal components of electric and magnetic fields are always coupled as in parallel‐plate chirowave‐guides, etc.; TE, TM, or TEM modes cannot be supported. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A novel concept of intermodulation distortion linearization
Authors: Pedro Jose C. , Perez Jorge 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn most cases, microwave amplifier linearization requires complex and voluminous circuitry of very critical tuning, which leads to poor cost effectiveness and poor reproducibility. In this article an innovative concept of IMD linearization, based on direct active device IMD characteristic shaping, is presented. Also, it is shown how recent advances in nonlinear MESFET modeling can be used to implement the idea. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Frequency multiplication of acoustic signals with an optical fiber
Authors: Taalbi Mustapha , Ishii T. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn acousto‐optic modulator is made using an optical fiber placed on a ceramic piezoelectric transducer. The photodetected signals show frequency multiplication and phase shifting of the acoustic signals applied to the piezoelectric transducer depending on the lightwave beam incidence angle. The linear polarization of the lightwave is destroyed after passage through the fiber. The normalized lightwave transmission coefficient depends on the acoustic modulating signal frequency, and has values exceeding 1 at or near cross polarization. This is an anomalous phenomenon, letting one assume that pseudoamplification, or intensification, is occurring at the previously stated conditions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.