bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Expression of CCL2 in Insulin-Producing Cells of Transgenic Mice Promotes Mobilization of Myeloid Cells From the Bone Marrow, Marked Insulitis, and Diabetes
Authors: Martin Andrea P. , Rankin Sara , Pitchford Simon , Charo Israel F. , Furtado Glaucia C. , Lira Sergio A. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—To define the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages in the islets of Langerhans.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We tested the hypothesis that macrophage accumulation into the islets is caused by overexpression of the chemokine CCL2. To test this hypothesis, we generated transgenic mice and evaluated the cellular composition of the islets by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. We determined serum levels of CCL2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, determined numbers of circulating monocytes, and tested whether CCL2 could mobilize monocytes from the bone marrow directly. We examined development of diabetes over time and tested whether CCL2 effects could be eliminated by deletion of its receptor, CCR2.RESULTS—Expression of CCL2 by β-cells was associated with increased numbers of monocytes in circulation and accumulation of macrophages in the islets of transgenic mice. These changes were promoted by combined actions of CCL2 at the level of the bone marrow and the islets and were not seen in animals in which the CCL2 receptor (CCR2) was inactivated. Mice expressing higher levels of CCL2 in the islets developed diabetes spontaneously. The development of diabetes was correlated with the accumulation of large numbers of monocytes in the islets and did not depend on T- and B-cells. Diabetes could also be induced in normoglycemic mice expressing low levels of CCL2 by increasing the number of circulating myeloid cells.CONCLUSIONS—These results indicate that CCL2 promotes monocyte recruitment by acting both locally and remotely and that expression of CCL2 by insulin-producing cells can lead to insulitis and islet destruction.
Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test Versus Glucagon Stimulation Test for the Assessment of β-Cell Function in Therapeutic Trials in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Greenbaum Carla J. , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , McGee Paula Friedenberg , Battelino Tadej , Haastert Burkhard , Ludvigsson Johnny , Pozzilli Paolo , Lachin John M. , Kolb Hubert ,   The Type 1 Diabetes Trial Net Research Group and the European C-Peptide Trial Study Group
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—β-Cell function in type 1 diabetes clinical trials is commonly measured by C-peptide response to a secretagogue in either a mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) or a glucagon stimulation test (GST). The Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Research Group and the European C-peptide Trial (ECPT) Study Group conducted parallel randomized studies to compare the sensitivity, reproducibility, and tolerability of these procedures.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In randomized sequences, 148 TrialNet subjects completed 549 tests with up to 2 MMTT and 2 GST tests on separate days, and 118 ECPT subjects completed 348 tests (up to 3 each) with either two MMTTs or two GSTs.
RESULTS—Among individuals with up to 4 years’ duration of type 1 diabetes, &gt;85% had measurable stimulated C-peptide values. The MMTT stimulus produced significantly higher concentrations of C-peptide than the GST. Whereas both tests were highly reproducible, the MMTT was significantly more so (R2 = 0.96 for peak C-peptide response). Overall, the majority of subjects preferred the MMTT, and there were few adverse events. Some older subjects preferred the shorter duration of the GST. Nausea was reported in the majority of GST studies, particularly in the young age-group.
CONCLUSIONS—The MMTT is preferred for the assessment of β-cell function in therapeutic trials in type 1 diabetes.
Prediction of the Onset of Disturbed Eating Behavior in Adolescent Girls With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Olmsted Marion P. , Colton Patricia A. , Daneman Denis , Rydall Anne C. , Rodin Gary M. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of the onset of disturbed eating behavior (DEB) in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this prospective study, participants completed the Children's Eating Disorder Examination interview and self-report measures at baseline and at four follow-up assessments over 5 years. Participants were 126 girls with type 1 diabetes, aged 9–13 years at baseline. Of the 101 girls who did not have DEB at baseline, 45 developed DEB during the follow-up period; the 38 for whom data were available for the assessment before onset of DEB were compared with 38 age-matched girls who did not develop DEB. DEB was defined as dieting for weight control, binge eating, self-induced vomiting, or the use of diuretics, laxatives, insulin omission, or intense exercise for weight control.
RESULTS—Logistic regression indicated that a model including BMI percentile, weight and shape concern, global and physical appearance-based self-worth, and depression was significantly associated with DEB onset (χ2 = 46.0, 5 d.f., P &lt; 0.0001) and accounted for 48.2% of the variance.
CONCLUSIONS—Even though scores on the measures were within the published normal range, the onset of DEB was predicted by higher depression and weight and shape concerns and lower global and physical appearance–based self-worth as well as higher BMI percentile 1–2 years earlier compared with those not developing DEB. Early interventions focused on helping girls with diabetes develop positive feelings about themselves, their weight and shape, and their physical appearance may have protective value.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in Type 1 Diabetes Masquerading as Gastroparesis
Authors: Meneghini Luigi F. , Hogan Anthony R. , Selvaggi Gennaro 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—To describe and discuss a case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) presenting with gastrointestinal signs and symptoms mistakenly attributed to, and treated as, diabetic gastroparesis.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A case report was compiled describing the clinical presentation, including history and physical examination, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of a patient with type 1 diabetes presenting with gastrointestinal complications.
RESULTS—Clinical suspicion combined with the appropriate radiological evaluation led to a diagnosis of SMAS, with classic findings of reduced aortomesenteric angle and distance. Surgical intervention resulted in resolution of symptoms and recovery of glycemic control.
CONCLUSIONS—The possibility of SMAS should be considered in patients with type 1 diabetes presenting with gastrointestinal symptomatology, especially when associated with weight loss.
Timing Is Everything: Age of Onset Influences Long-Term Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes, Independent of Traditional Risk Factors
Authors: Wong Jencia , Molyneaux Lynda , Constantino Maria , Twigg Stephen M. , Yue Dennis K. 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—To test the hypothesis that age of type 2 diabetes onset influences inherent susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy, independent of disease duration and degree of hyperglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Retinopathy data from 624 patients with a type 2 diabetes duration of 20–30 years (group A) were analyzed by stratifying patients according to age of onset of diabetes and glycemic control. Retinopathy status was scored clinically as per a modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) severity scale. To obviate possible bias due to a higher attrition from comorbidities in those with later-onset diabetes and retinopathy, 852 patients with type 2 diabetes of shorter duration (10–12 years, group B) were similarly studied.
RESULTS—Prevalence and severity of retinopathy was significantly higher in the younger-onset, group A patients. When further stratified according to mean A1C, retinopathy risk remained increased in younger-onset patients. The greatest impact was seen in those with a mean A1C &gt;9% (odds ratio [OR] for retinopathy 16.6, 7.5, and 2.7 for age of diagnosis &lt;45, 45–55, and &gt;55 years, respectively, P = 0.003). By logistic regression, earlier type 2 diabetes onset is associated with increased retinopathy risk, independent of traditional risk factors (OR of retinopathy 1.9, 1.1, and 1 for age of onset &lt;45, 45–55, and &gt;55 years, respectively). Similar results were found in group B patients.
CONCLUSIONS— These data suggest an increased inherent susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy with earlier-onset type 2 diabetes. This further supports the importance of delaying development of diabetes and also implies a need for more stringent metabolic targets for younger individuals.
Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy and Future Risk of Pre-Diabetes or Diabetes
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Qi Ying , Sermer Mathew , Connelly Philip W , Hanley Anthony J.G. , Zinman Bernard 
Published: July 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that any degree of abnormal glucose homeostasis detected on antepartum screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) should be associated with an increased risk of postpartum pre-diabetes or diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this prospective cohort study, 487 women underwent 1) antepartum GDM screening by a glucose challenge test (GCT) and a diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 2) postpartum metabolic characterization by OGTT at 3 months after delivery. Four baseline glucose tolerance groups were defined on the basis of the antepartum GCT/OGTT: 1) GDM (n = 137); 2) gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) (n = 91); 3) abnormal GCT with normal glucose tolerance on an OGTT (abnormal GCT NGT) (n = 166); and 4) normal GCT with NGT on an OGTT (normal GCT NGT) (n = 93).
RESULTS—The prevalence of postpartum glucose intolerance (pre-diabetes or diabetes) increased across the groups from normal GCT NGT (3.2%) to abnormal GCT NGT (10.2%) to GIGT (16.5%) to GDM (32.8%) (Ptrend &lt; 0.0001). On logistic regression analysis, all three categories of abnormal glucose homeostasis in pregnancy independently predicted postpartum glucose intolerance: abnormal GCT NGT odds ratio (OR) 3.6 (95% CI 1.01–12.9); GIGT OR 5.7 (1.6–21.1); and GDM OR 14.3 (4.2–49.1). Furthermore, both in pregnancy and at 3 months postpartum, insulin sensitivity (ISOGTT) and pancreatic β-cell function (insulinogenic index/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) progressively decreased across the groups from normal GCT NGT to abnormal GCT NGT to GIGT to GDM (all Ptrend &lt; 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS—Any degree of abnormal glucose homeostasis in pregnancy independently predicts an increased risk of glucose intolerance postpartum.
Comparison of published recommendations regarding biosecurity practices for various production animal species and classes
Authors: Moore Dale A. , Merryman Marcia L. , Hartman Marla L. , Klingborg Donald J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To compare published recommendations regarding biosecurity practices for various production animal species and classes.
Design—Literature review.
Population—Educational materials available on the World Wide Web that provided biosecurity recommendations for dairy cattle, beef cattle, small ruminant, swine, and poultry producers.
Procedures—Web sites for national producer organizations, university cooperative extension services, and state departments of agriculture were searched to identify educational materials with biosecurity recommendations.
Results—A single national organization was selected as representing each animal agriculture commodity group. A total of 53 university Web sites were visited, and 65 publications prepared by university cooperative extension services were identified and evaluated. Web sites for all 50 state departments of agriculture were searched, and 29 were found to have at least 1 publication related to biosecurity practices, for a total of 46 publications. Evaluation of the biosecurity recommendations revealed wide variations by source and within and among commodity groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that educational materials for producers contained wide variations in recommended biosecurity practices. It is possible that some producers choose not to implement biosecurity recommendations because of confusion as to the specific recommendations they should follow.
Exophthalmus secondary to a sinonasal cyst in a horse
Authors: Annear Matthew J. , Gemensky-Metzler Anne J. , Elce Yvonne A. , Stone Sarah G. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Case Description—A 13-year-old female Miniature Horse was evaluated for progressive unilateral exophthalmia of the left globe of 3 weeks' duration.
Clinical Findings—Results of a physical examination were unremarkable. Ophthalmic examination identified exophthalmus of the left globe with complete resistance to retropulsion and mild blepharoconjunctivitis. Computed tomography revealed a large, space-occupying mass within the left caudal maxillary and left conchofrontal sinuses. The mass extended into the left retrobulbar space and contacted the cribriform plate. Trephination yielded copious amounts of turbid yellow fluid. The diagnosis was a sinonasal cyst.
Treatment and Outcome—Subtotal surgical excision of the cyst via a frontonasal osteoplastic flap was curative, with complete resolution of the exophthalmus. Histologic examination confirmed diagnosis of a sinonasal cyst. There was no evidence of cyst recurrence by 4 months after surgery.
Clinical Relevance—Sinonasal cyst should be a differential diagnosis for retrobulbar disease in horses. Exophthalmia may be the only clinical finding in horses with a sinonasal cyst.
Age differences in learning from text: Evidence for functionally distinct text processing systems
Authors: Shake Matthew C. , Noh Soo Rim , Stine‐Morrow Elizabeth A. L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe investigated the influence of sentence elaboration on self‐regulated learning in order to examine age differences in resource allocation to the construction of textbase‐ and discourse‐level representations. Older and younger adults learned about a topic by reading a series of sentences varying in elaboration (from simple factoids to highly elaborated text) and manner of presentation (progressive change in elaboration vs. random change in elaboration). Younger readers were more likely to recall information from factoids; older adults, from highly elaborated text. Relative to young, older readers showed an advantage in the progressive presentation condition, which minimised frequent changes between textbase‐ and discourse‐level processing. Older adults showed poorer memory monitoring for factoids and less elaborated discourse relative to young, but when passages were highly elaborated or presented progressively, age differences were eliminated. Results support the idea that textbase‐ and discourse‐level encoding arise from functionally distinct systems whose regulation depends on text properties and reader age. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing self‐report of mobile phone use: the role of response prompt, time reference and mobile phone use in recall
Authors: Timotijevic Lada , Barnett Julie , Shepherd Richard , Senior Victoria 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe current study (n = 180) assesses factors affecting the recall of past mobile phone behaviour. It manipulates two factors hypothesised as influencing recall of duration and number of calls made: time reference (24 hours vs. 3 days) and context prompt (temporal, person called, reason for call) and also considers their impact in relation to levels of mobile phone use. A measure of recall error was constructed by matching self‐reported calls to actual calls and weighting for actual usage. The results indicate that most people tend to overestimate duration and underestimate number of phone calls, although these discrepancies are related to actual amount of mobile phone use. The manipulations of time reference and context prompt have some effect on the patterns of recall in relation to number, rather than duration, of calls. The implications of these results for the development of reliable and valid self‐report measures of mobile phone use are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Low‐Threshold 3D Void Structures inside a Polymer Matrix Doped with Gold Nanorods
Authors: Choi Kyongsik , Zijlstra Peter , Chon James W. M. , Gu Min 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report on a low‐threshold three‐dimensional (3D) void generation inside a polyvinyl‐alcohol (PVA) polymer matrix doped with gold nanorods (NRs) by near infra red femtosecond laser pulses. By matching the laser wavelength to the surface plasmon resonance band of the embedded gold NRs, the void generation threshold could be reduced by one order of magnitude lower than undoped matrix. We discuss physical mechanisms involved in the void generation, where distinction between the decomposition of gold NR or PVA is drawn in single pulse and multiple pulse irradiations. We also demonstrate 3D void recording for applications in 3D optical data storage.
Bio‐Inspired, Smart, Multiscale Interfacial Materials
Authors: Xia Fan , Jiang Lei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this review a strategy for the design of bioinspired, smart, multiscale interfacial (BSMI) materials is presented and put into context with recent progress in the field of BSMI materials spanning natural to artificial to reversibly stimuli‐sensitive interfaces. BSMI materials that respond to single/dual/multiple external stimuli, e.g., light, pH, electrical fields, and so on, can switch reversibly between two entirely opposite properties. This article utilizes hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the design strategy, which may also be extended to other properties, for example, conductor/insulator, p‐type/n‐type semiconductor, or ferromagnetism/anti‐ferromagnetism, for the design of other BSMI materials in the future.
Clinical variability in acro‐cardio‐facial‐syndrome
Authors: Kariminejad Ariana , Bozorgmehr Bita , Sedighi Gilani Mohammad Ali , Almadani Navid , Kariminejad Mohamad Hasan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report on a 25‐year‐old man with ectrodactyly and genital anomalies whose parents are first cousins. Their second child died 4 days after birth with severe limb defects and imperforate anus. Our patient may represent clinical variability of the acro‐cardio‐facial syndrome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary medical diagnosis in fragile X syndrome with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: García‐Nonell Catalina , Ratera Eugenia Rigau , Harris Susan , Hessl David , Ono Michele Y. , Tartaglia Nicole , Marvin Emily , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study examined whether secondary medical diagnoses that affect CNS function (i.e., seizures, malformations, or genetic disorders), are more likely to occur in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and autism spectrum disorder (FXS + ASD) or FXS alone. Ninety males (3–25 years) with FXS or FXS + ASD were evaluated for secondary medical diagnoses by medical history and examination. A significant difference in the incidence of medical problems was found between patients with FXS + ASD (38.6%) and FXS alone (18.2%,P < 0.05). Medical problems that affect the CNS are more likely to occur in those with FXS + ASD and it is probable that additional brain dysfunction associated with these medical problems enhance the risk of autism in those with FXS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spondylocostal dysostosis in a pregnancy complicated by confined placental mosaicism for tetrasomy 9p
Authors: Coman David , Bacic Sonya , Boys Amber , Sparrow Duncan B. , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Savarirayan Ravi , Amor David J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe spondylocostal dysostoses (SCD) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defects of vertebral segmentation and rib abnormalities. We report on the diagnosis of two siblings with SCD. Diagnosis was first made in a female infant following a pregnancy that was complicated by early fetal hydrops and a nuchal translucency of 8.2 mm in the first trimester. The clinical picture was complicated by the co‐existent diagnosis of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) for tetrasomy 9p. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CPM for tetrasomy 9p. Postnatally the diagnosis of SCD was made on the basis of radiographic findings comprising multiple anomalies of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and multiple fused and dysplastic ribs. Radiographic investigation of other family members showed that the infant's 4‐year‐old sibling had fusion of four ribs on the right side, indicating a less severe form of SCD. Testing of the genes DLL3, MESP2, and LFNG did not identify a mutation, suggesting that the siblings may have a new molecular subtype of SCD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aging in people with specific genetic syndromes: Rett syndrome
Authors: Halbach Nicky S.J. , Smeets Eric E.J. , Schrander‐Stumpel Connie T.R.M. , van Schrojenstein Lantman de Valk Henny H.J. , Maaskant Marian A. , Curfs Leopold M.G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aging process of people with intellectual disabilities has been a topic of interest in recent years. Good knowledge of the specific healthcare problems in adults with intellectual disabilities and anticipating on these problems are important issues in providing support and healthcare for these persons. Nevertheless little is known about the aging process of people with specific syndromes, like Rett syndrome. In association with the Dutch Rett syndrome parent association, 70 postal questionnaires were sent to the contact persons of the females aged at least 16 years with a clinical diagnosis of Rett syndrome. The questionnaire consisted of general questions, questions about living conditions, skills, physical and psychiatric morbidity. The response rate was 76% (n = 53). In general adults with Rett syndrome seemed to be reasonably healthy, whereas neurological, respiratory and behavioral morbidity appeared to be of great influence. High care dependency was confirmed. In contrast with underweight, overweight showed to be an under‐ascertained feature. The general disorder profile was confirmed, considering the increase with age regarding kyphosis and the better communication and autonomic dysfunction in the oldest age group compared to the younger age groups. Features of autonomic dysfunction deserve more medical attention, especially the interrelation between quality of sleep, respiration and behavior in Rett syndrome. Longitudinal studies including genotype–phenotype analyses are needed for insight in individual changes in support needs and health. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.