bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vγ9Vδ2 T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells is enhanced by monoclonal antibody drugs—Rituximab and trastuzumab
Authors: Tokuyama Hirotake , Hagi Tomomi , Mattarollo Stephen R. , Morley Jacqueline , Wang Qiao , Fai‐So Hang , Moriyasu Fuminori , Nieda Mie , Nicol Andrew J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVγ9Vδ2 T cells exert potent cytotoxicity toward various tumor cells and adoptive transfer of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells is an attractive proposition for cell based immunotherapy. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells expanded in the presence of Zoledronate and IL‐2 express CD16 (FcγRIII), which raises the possibility that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could be used in conjunction with tumor targeting monoclonal antibody drugs to increase antitumor cytotoxicity by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Cytotoxic activity against CD20‐positive B lineage lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and HER2‐positive breast cancer cells was assessed in the presence of rituximab and trastuzumab, respectively. Cytotoxicity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against CD20‐positive targets was higher when used in combination with rituximab. Similarly, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells used in combination with trastuzumab resulted in greater cytotoxicity against HER2‐positive cells in comparison with either agent alone and this effect was restricted to the CD16+Vγ9Vδ2 T cell population. Our results show that CD16+Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognize monoclonal antibody coated tumor cells via CD16 and exert ADCC similar to that observed with NK cells, even when target cells are relatively resistant to monoclonal antibodies or Vγ9Vδ2 T cells alone. Combination therapy involving ex vivo expanded CD16+Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and monoclonal antibodies may enhance the clinical outcomes for patients treated with monoclonal antibody therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive nitrogen species‐dependent DNA damage in EBV‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The relation to STAT3 activation and EGFR expression
Authors: Ma Ning , Kawanishi Michiko , Hiraku Yusuke , Murata Mariko , Huang Guang‐Wu , Huang Yuanjiao , Luo Dian‐Zhong , Mo Wei‐Guang , Fukui Yoshihiro , Kawanishi Shosuke 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. Recently, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species are considered to participate in inflammation‐related carcinogenesis through DNA damage. In our study, we obtained biopsy and surgical specimens of nasopharyngeal tissues from NPC patients in southern China, and performed double immunofluorescent staining to examine the formation of 8‐nitroguanine, a nitrative DNA lesion and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, an oxidative DNA lesion, in these specimens. Strong DNA lesions were observed in cancer cells and inflammatory cells in stroma of NPC patients. Intensive immunoreactivity of iNOS was detected in the cytoplasm of 8‐nitroguanine‐positive cancer cells. DNA lesions and iNOS expression were also observed in epithelial cells of EBV‐positive patients with chronic nasopharyngitis, although their intensities were significantly weaker than those in NPC patients. In EBV‐negative subjects, no or little DNA lesions and iNOS expression were observed. EGFR and phosphorylated STAT3 were strongly expressed in cancer cells of NPC patients, but NF‐κB was not expressed, suggesting that STAT3‐dependent mechanism is important for NPC carcinogenesis. IL‐6 was expressed mainly in inflammatory cells of nasopharyngeal tissues of EBV‐infected patients. EBV‐encoded RNAs (EBERs) and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) were detected in cancer cells from all EBV‐infected patients. In vitro cell system, nuclear accumulation of EGFR was observed in LMP1‐expressing cells, and IL‐6 induced phosphorylated STAT3 and iNOS. These data suggest that nuclear accumulation of EGFR and STAT3 activation byIL‐6 play the key role in iNOS expression and resultant DNA damage, leading to EBV‐mediated NPC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is gravity linear?
Authors: Henderson Daniel J. , Millimet Daniel L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite the solid theoretical foundation on which the gravity model of bilateral trade is based, empirical implementation requires several assumptions which do not follow directly from the underlying theory. First, unobserved trade costs are assumed to be a (log‐)linear function of observables. Second, the effects of trade costs on trade flows are assumed to be constant across country pairs. Maintaining consistency with the underlying theory, but relaxing these assumptions, we estimate gravity models—in levels and logs—using two data sets via nonparametric methods. The results are striking. Despite the added flexibility of the nonparametric models, parametric models based on these assumptions offer equally or more reliable in‐sample predictions and out‐of‐sample forecasts in the majority of cases, particularly in the levels model. Moreover, formal statistical tests fail to reject either parametric functional form. Thus, concerns in the gravity literature over functional form appear unwarranted, and estimation of the gravity model in levels is recommended. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The generalized Born/volume integral implicit solvent model: Estimation of the free energy of hydration using London dispersion instead of atomic surface area
Authors: Labute Paul 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new generalized Born model for estimating the free energy of hydration is presented. The new generalized Born/volume integral (GB/VI) estimates the free energy of hydration as a classical electrostatic energy plus a cavitation energy that is not based upon atomic surface area (SA) used in GB/SA hydration models but on a VI London dispersion energy estimated from quantities already calculated in the classical electrostatic energy. The (relatively few) GB/VI model parameters are fitted to experimental data, and parameterizations for two different atomic partial charge models are presented. Comparison of the calculated and experimental free energies of hydration for 560 small molecules (both neutral and charged) shows good agreement (r2 = 0.94). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Molecular simulation of multistate peptide dynamics: A comparison between microsecond timescale sampling and multiple shorter trajectories
Authors: Monticelli Luca , Sorin Eric J. , Tieleman D. Peter , Pande Vijay S. , Colombo Giorgio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations of the RN24 peptide, which includes a diverse set of structurally heterogeneous states, are carried out in explicit solvent. Two approaches are employed and compared directly under identical simulation conditions. Specifically, we examine sampling by two individual long trajectories (microsecond timescale) and many shorter (MS) uncoupled trajectories. Statistical analysis of the structural properties indicates a qualitative agreement between these approaches. Microsecond timescale sampling gives large uncertainties on most structural metrics, while the shorter timescale of MS simulations results in slight structural memory for beta‐structure starting states. Additionally, MS sampling detects numerous transitions on a relatively short timescale that are not observed in microsecond sampling, while long simulations allow for detection of a few transitions on significantly longer timescales. A correlation between the complex free energy landscape and the kinetics of the equilibrium is highlighted by principal component analysis on both simulation sets. This report highlights the increased precision of the MS approach when studying the kinetics of complex conformational change, while revealing the complementary insight and qualitative agreement offered by far fewer individual simulations on significantly longer timescales. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Multicomponent ion exchange isotherms in NaX zeolite: evaluation of Cr/Ca/Mg, Cr/Ca/K and Cr/Mg/K systems
Authors: Barros Maria Angélica S.D. , Arroyo Pedro A. , Sousa‐Aguiar Eduardo F. , Tavares Célia R.G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: One of the most important heavy metals is Cr3+, which is commonly found together with Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ ions in tannery wastewaters. Such metals can be removed through ion exchange process using zeolite NaX. Unfortunately, with single exchange mechanisms it is impossible to predict muti‐component and competitive interactions. This work is aimed at overcoming this problem. Ion exchange isotherms of Cr3+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ in ternary mixtures (Cr/Mg/Ca, Cr/Ca/K, Cr/Mg/K) using NaX zeolite at 30 °C, 45 °C and 60 °C are studied and reported.RESULTS: Ion exchange is dependent on temperature, and on the nature and interaction of ingoing cations. Sequential ion exchange occurs where one cation is able to displace another already located in the site. Values of the equilibrium constant of all cations investigated are close to each other, which indicates a weak preference for Cr+3. The affinity order is as follows: for Cr/Ca/Mg–NaX isotherms, Cr3+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ at 30 °C, Ca2+ > Cr3+ > Mg2+ at 45 °C and Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Cr3+ at 60 °C. For Cr/Ca/K–NaX isotherms the sequence is Cr3+ > Ca2+ > K+ for the three temperatures and for Cr/Mg/K–NaX isotherms, Cr3+ > Mg2+ > K+ at 30 and 45 °C and Mg2+ > K+ > Cr3+ at 60 °C.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that ions with a high charge such as Cr3+ are not always preferentially removed from multi‐component solution. Therefore, exchanges in NaX zeolite are useful when there is no need to have high chromium removal when compared to the competitive cations investigated here. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Human matrix metalloproteinases: Characteristics and pathologic role in altering mesangial homeostasis
Authors: Keeling John , Herrera Guillermo A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases are zinc dependent endopeptidases belonging to the M10 family of the metalloproteinase superfamily. They are ubiquitous enzymes, structurally and functionally related, with a high degree of sequence homology. They are primarily involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) turn‐over and cell migration through their expanding repertoire of substrate affinities. Twenty three different forms of human MMPs have been described to be arranged in eight distinct structural classes. Their interactions with tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and other indigenous inhibitors have been well documented. This manuscript reviews pertinent information available on matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs in the literature. Light chain‐mediated glomerular injury represents an excellent example of how metalloproteinases participate in altering mesangial homeostasis. Investigations regarding these conditions have shown that the physico–chemical characteristics of the light chains govern the pattern of renal damage that will ensue with the mesangium representing the critical site where pathological alterations are centered. The mesangium is either replaced or expanded depending on the light chains involved in the pathologic process. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrin‐dependent translational control: Implication in cancer progression
Authors: Chung Jun , Kim Tae Hyong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe importance of translational control in cancer progression has been underscored by a number of recent studies. However, little is known how cancer cells maintain their high efficiency of translation. Here, we summarize studies that support the role of integrins in translational control, especially at the initiation step, and discuss the various mechanisms by which integrins regulate the recruitment of translational machinery. This review also examines the hypothesis that integrins contribute to various aspects of cancer progression such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and invasion through translational control. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Test–retest reliability of a functional MRI anticipatory anxiety paradigm in healthy volunteers
Authors: Schunck Thérèse , Erb Gilles , Mathis Alexandre , Jacob Nathalie , Gilles Christian , Namer Izzie Jacques , Meier Dieter , Luthringer Rémy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the reproducibility of neural activations induced by an anticipatory anxiety provocation challenge in healthy volunteers.Materials and MethodsFourteen healthy male volunteers participated in two separate functional MRI (fMRI) sessions in which they underwent a paradigm based on anticipation of aversive transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulations. This paradigm consisted of alternating presentation of red circles associated with the likelihood that aversive stimuli may be given and blue circles during which the subjects knew that no shock could be given. Anxiety state was compared before the fMRI sessions and during the threat periods using clinical scales (Hamilton, STAI‐Y1), the Bond and Lader Visual Analogue Scale, and self‐rating scales of apprehension and stimulus aversivity.ResultsThe selected paradigm induced anticipatory anxiety of moderate intensity as suggested by clinical scales and apprehension rating, without any habituation to the somatosensory stimulus across sessions. Compared to rest periods, threat of the aversive stimulus induced clear brain activation in anticipatory anxiety‐related areas: frontal/prefrontal cortex, insula, lentiform nucleus, temporal pole, and cingulate cortex. Anxiety symptoms and cerebral activity were reproducible across sessions.ConclusionThe fMRI paradigm and its assessment method include all criteria to speed up the evaluation and the development of new anxiolytics. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:459–468. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precipitation forecast over western Himalayas using k‐nearest neighbour method
Authors: Dimri A. P. , Joshi P. , Ganju A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractKnowledge of precipitation over the western Himalayas is of utmost importance during winter season (December, January, February, and March—DJFM) due to extreme weather conditions. During winter, eastward moving synoptic weather systems called western disturbances (WDs) yield enormous amount of precipitation over this region. This amount of precipitation by a number of WDs keeps on accumulating and poses an avalanche threat to the habitat. Not only this, low temperature conditions along with precipitation form extremely hostile winter conditions to live with. In the present study, the nearest neighbour (NN) method is used to forecast probability of precipitation (PoP) occurrence/non‐occurrence and its quantity. The method of NN is introduced to visualize the results. The NN forecast technique attempts to compare similar situations in the past with current data and assumes that similar events are likely to occur under similar conditions. At present, only nine important weather variables are considered for generating a 3‐day advance forecast of PoP occurrence/non‐occurrence and quantity at eight representative observatories in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K&rpar;, the northmost state of India. This state receives maximum amount of solid precipitation in the form of snow during winter. Past data of 8–14 years (between 1988 and 2003) is considered, from which the nearest days are looked for and tested with data of 2–4 years (between 2003 and 2005). PoP occurrence/non‐occurrence is well predicted by k‐Nearest Neighbour (k‐NN) sampling method. It is evident from the results that the model is able to give the projections 3 days in advance, with an accuracy of 71–88%. Probability forecast of occurrence of precipitation is predicted well by the present model setup, but the quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) is an important issue that still needs improvement, keeping in view the topographical and land‐use heterogeneity of the area under study. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Storage stability of an egg yolk cream formulation: texture and microbiological assessment
Authors: Fundo Joana F , Quintas Mafalda AC , Brandão Teresa RS , Silva Cristina LM 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Egg yolk cream is confectioned with egg yolk, sugar and water. Pasteurized liquid eggs may be used in order to increase product safety, although these samples may differ from the classic ones produced with raw eggs. The objective was to evaluate and compare the stability (physicochemical characteristics, such as texture assessment, pH and water activity, and microbiological assessment) of a classic formulation and an alternative one produced with pasteurized eggs, during storage at 6, 26, 30 and 37 °C.RESULTS: From a microbiological point of view (mesophile and psychrotrophic activity), no differences were observed in either formulations. At 6 and 26 °C, rheological behaviour of both formulations remained approximately constant. At 30 and 37 °C, differences were only detected after 20 days of storage. Texture was better retained in samples prepared with pasteurized eggs, while the classic samples showed an increase in complex viscosity.CONCLUSION: Cream storage did not require refrigeration. In terms of texture and microbial load, results obtained at 6 and 26 °C were identical. The formulations only differed in texture when stored at 30 and 37 °C and for long periods. These conclusions may allow reduction of costs related to refrigerated distribution/storage of either classic or alternative formulations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Alternative organic solvents for HILIC separation of cisplatin species with on‐line ICP‐MS detection
Authors: Hemström Petrus , Nygren Yvonne , Björn Erik , Irgum Knut 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeveral low volatile organic solvents were evaluated as organic modifiers in eluents for HILIC separations of cisplatin species to optimize the on‐line coupling of HILIC to inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP‐MS). The aim was to identify a solvent giving low solvent vapor loading of the ICP, to maximize analyte sensitivity and minimize carbon depositions on instrumental parts, while retaining chromatographic performance. The best overall performance of the HILIC‐ICP‐MS system for the analysis of cisplatin was achieved using 1,4‐dioxane as eluent, yielding high retention and an HILIC type retention mechanism, at the expense of a 50% drop in column efficiency due to the higher viscosity of 1,4‐dioxane compared to the more commonly used HILIC solvent ACN. Using 1,4‐dioxane as solvent in HILIC provides the best compromise between carbon deposition and separation efficiency among a series of high‐boiling water‐miscible solvents tested.
Enantioseparation of cetirizine by sulfated‐β‐cyclodextrin‐mediated capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Chou Yu‐Wei , Huang Wei‐Shan , Ko Chen‐Chun , Chen Su‐Hwei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA sulfated β‐cyclodextrin (sulfated β‐CD)‐mediated capillary electrophoresis method is described for the enantioseparation of cetirizine using achiral cefazolin as an internal standard. The enantioseparation of the drug was performed in a borate buffer (5 mM, pH 8.7) with 1% sulfated β‐CD (w/v) as chiral selector at 10 kV. Several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the pH and the concentration of borate buffer and chiral selector. Under optimized conditions, a baseline separation of two enantiomers was achieved in less than 7 min. Using cefazolin as an internal standard (IS), the linear range of the method for the determination of levocetirizine was over 1.0 to 50.0 μg/mL; the detection limit (signal‐to‐noise ratio = 3) of levocetirizine was 0.5 μg/mL. The method allowed the enantioseparation of cetirizine in bulk samples and enantiomeric purity evaluation of levocetirizine (R‐enantiomer) in pharmaceutical tablets (Xyzal®), and it was also found to be suitable for enantioseparation in human plasma.
Human liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1‐catalyzed reaction generating 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F2 from prostaglandin D2 followed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Inagaki Shinsuke , Esaka Yukihiro , Deyashiki Yoshihiro , Uno Bunji , Hara Akira , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn enzyme reaction converting prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) into 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F2 (9α,11β‐PGF2) by a human liver‐originated recombinant dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1 (DD1) has been studied using CE. Four prostaglandins, viz. PGD2, 9α,11β‐PGF2, PGE2, and PGF2a (see Fig. 1, the latter two major PGs are possibly coexisting compounds in the assay mixtures), were completely separated by using SDS or PEG as buffer additives. Because analysis times in the SDS system were shorter than in the PEG system, SDS was employed in measurements of the enzyme activity of DD1. The pH dependence and the reaction temperature dependence of enzyme activity have been studied. The present method enabled us to detect all of the participants in the enzyme reaction: PGD2, 9α,11β‐PGF2, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and NADP+. Thus, direct, comprehensive, and reliable analysis of the enzyme reaction becomes possible. Enzyme activity has hitherto been estimated indirectly from the decrease of fluorescence derived from NADPH as an index of progress of the enzyme reactions in batch methods employed in conventional studies. In addition, the low sample consumption characteristic of CE should be a significant advantage of the present method in characterization of less commonly available enzymes such as the recombinant species used in this work.
Validation of an ultra‐fast UPLC‐UV method for the separation of antituberculosis tablets
Authors: Nguyen Dao T.‐T. , Guillarme Davy , Rudaz Serge , Veuthey Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA simple method using ultra performance LC (UPLC) coupled with UV detection was developed and validated for the determination of antituberculosis drugs in combined dosage form, i. e. isoniazid (ISN), pyrazinamide (PYR) and rifampicin (RIF). Drugs were separated on a short column (2.1 mm×50 mm) packed with 1.7 μm particles, using an elution gradient procedure. At 30°C, less than 2 min was necessary for the complete separation of the three antituberculosis drugs, while the original USP method was performed in 15 min. Further improvements were obtained with the combination of UPLC and high temperature (up to 90°C), namely HT‐UPLC, which allows the application of higher mobile phase flow rates. Therefore, the separation of ISN, PYR and RIF was performed in less than 1 min. After validation (selectivity, trueness, precision and accuracy), both methods (UPLC and HT‐UPLC) have proven suitable for the routine quality control analysis of antituberculosis drugs in combined dosage form. Additionally, a large number of samples per day can be analysed due to the short analysis times.
Separation and determination of estrone in environmental and drinking water using molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Zhixiang , Fang Guozhen , Zhang Yan , He Jinxing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEstrone has been identified as an important potential endocrine‐disrupting compound, so that sensitive and reliable analytical methods are required for its determination and the assurance of human health. Using estrone as the template, acrylamide as the functional monomer, and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as the cross‐linker, an organic‐inorganic hybrid material has been synthesized by the molecular imprinting technique combined with a non‐hydrolytic so‐gel process. The synthesized polymer was characterized by FT‐IR and static adsorption experiments, and the results showed that it had good recognition and selective ability for estrone. A novel method for separation and determination of trace estrone in water samples was developed using molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC. Under the selected experimental condition, the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 9.3 ng/L, and the RSD for five replicate extractions of 10 μg/L estrone was less than 5.0%. This method was employed for quantitative determination of estrone in river, lake, and tap water with recoveries ranging from 83.38 to 98.12%.