bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silylation of Coordinated Dinitrogen by Silylcobalt Complexes. Preparation of a New Series of Silyldiazenido and Silylhydrazido(2−) Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten
Authors: Street Andrew C , Mizobe Yasushi , Gotoh Fumisato , Mega Izumi , Oshita Hiroyuki , Hidai Masanobu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The silylcobalt complexes [R2R′SiCo(CO)4] (R, R′ = Ph, Me) reacted with dinitrogen complexes of the type [M(N2)2(P)4] (M = Mo, W; P = tertiary phosphine) to give new silyldiazenido complexes trans-[M(NNSiR2R′)(P)4][(μ-OC)Co(CO)3], which were further converted to silylhydrazido(2−) complexes such as trans-[WX(NNHSiR2R′)(dpe)2][Co(CO)4] by treatment with HX (dpe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2; X = OH, OMe, Br).
Structure and Spectral Properties of Tris[bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)]bis(μ-5-methylpyrimidine)copper(II)
Authors: Kogane Tamizo , Kobayashi Kimiko , Ishii Minoru , Hirota Reiko , Nakahara Masayoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Reaction of Cu(hfac)2 (Hhfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione) with 5-methylpyrimidine (5-pym) gave the title complex [Cu(hfac)2]3(μ-5-pym)2. The complex has been characterized by X-ray structure analysis and IR spectral measurements.
Adsorption Behavior of a Cationic Surfactant Derivative of Ferrocene on phthalocyanine Pigment Surface
Authors: Yokoyama Seiichiro , Kurata Hideaki , Harima Yutaka , Yamashita Kazuo , Hoshino Katsuyoshi , Kokado Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Double adsorption layers of a cationic surfactant derivative of ferrocene were found to be built up on phthalocyanine pigment particles in an aqueous solution, leading to re-dispersion of the particles. Electrochemical oxidation of this dispersion system gave a thin phthalocyanine film on an electrode.
The Diffusion Behavior of Ag+ Ions in a Polymer Membrane Containing Valinomycin
Authors: Fujiwara Masato 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The diffusion behavior of Ag+ ions in a polymer membrane containing valinomycin (VAL) has been studied by X-ray microanalysis. Ag+ ions are transported rapidly into the membrane along with Cl− ions. The saturated amount of Ag+ ions in the membrane is estimated to be equal to that of VAL. It is found that the rate determining step of Ag+ ion transport is the diffusion process.
Synthesis of Quinone-linked Porphyrin Dimer, Trimer, and Tetramer As Models for Photosynthetic Reaction Center
Authors: Osuka Atsuhiro , Nagata Toshi , Maruyama Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
As models for the photosynthetic reaction center, conformationally restricted quinone-linked porphyrin dimer, trimer, and tetramer were synthesized. The Soret bands of these zinc complexes are blue-shifted or split due to the exciton coupling depending on the geometries and compositions. The fluorescence intensities of these models are significantly reduced by the attached quinone, indicating the efficient electron transfer to the quinone.
Novel C-3 Epimerization of Glycals by Metal Chlorides
Authors: Inaba Kiyoshi , Matsumura Shuichi , Yoshikawa Sadao 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Treatment of tri-O-acetyl-D-glycals, e.g., tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal, tri-O-acetyl-D-allal and tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal, with metal chlorides in acetic anhydride afforded the C-3 epimer of the glycal triacetate with pseudo-glycal triacetate and unreacted glycal triacetate as an equilibrium mixture. The C-3 epimer of the glycal was readily separated from the reaction mixture using preparative HPLC.
Preparation of 1,4-Diphosphabutatriene from 3-Dichloromethylene-1,2-diphosphirane
Authors: Yoshifuji Masaaki , Toyota Kozo , Yoshimura Hideki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
3-Dichloromethylene-1,2-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-1,2-diphosphirane reacted with lithium naphthalenide to give 1,4-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-1,4-diphosphabutatriene, whereas the reaction with t-butyllithium gave t-butyl-1,4-diphospha-2-butyne probably via the 1,4-diphosphabutatriene.
Unique Thermal Isomerization of the Diels-Alder Adduct of 1,1-Dicyclopropylspiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene with TCNE
Authors: Nishida Shinya , Asanuma Naoki , Tsuji Takashi , Imai Toshiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The Diels-Alder adduct of 1,1-dicyclopropylspiro[2.4]hepta-4,6-diene (2a) with TCNE underwent unique rearrangement to give an imine derivative, whose formation may be explained by retro-Diels-Alder-re-attack of TCNE at the β position of 2a followed by an extensive isomerization involving the Cope rearrangement.
Redox Behaviors of Viologen-Pendent Polypyrrole on Platinum Electrode. Ordered Electron Transfer between Electrode and Flavin Mononucleotide in Aqueous Media
Authors: Kijima Masashi , Sakawaki Akira , Sato Takeo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
New Viologen linked pyrrole was polymerized by an electrochemical oxidation on platinum electrode to give a coated film, of which redox behaviors were investigated. Viologen linked pyrrole on one side of its N-alkyl substituents showed a reversible wave due to a redox reaction between viologen and viologen cation radical in aqueous media. An ordered electron-transfer was achieved by using the oriented viologen-pendent modified electrode in the cathodic redox reaction of flavin mononucleotide.
Photochemistry of Isopropylidene 3,3,6-Trimethyl-1,4,5-heptatriene-1,1-dicarboxylate and Its Homologues
Authors: Tsuno Takashi , Sugiyama Kunio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Direct photolysis of title compounds gave alkenylidenecyclopropanes as main products, while acetone-sensitized photolysis of those led to mainly intramolecular [2+2]cycloadducts.
Assistance of the Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Appearance of the Smectic C Phase in 2-(4-Alkoxybenzoyloxy)-5-alkylaminotropone Liquid Crystals
Authors: Mori Akira , Nimura Ryuko , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
New 2-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-5-alkylaminotropone liquid crystals, which exhibited the smectic C phase exclusively, were prepared. The FT-IR spectra of 2-(4-dodecyloxybenzoyloxy)-5-octadecylaminotropone at various temperatures indicated that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the NH and the tropone C=O groups assists the appearance of the smectic C phase.
Microstructural Investigations of the Mg‐Sn‐xCa System
Authors: Hort N. , Huang Y. , Abu Leil T. , Maier P. , Kainer K. U. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNew magnesium‐tin‐calcium alloys offer the potential to improve the property profile and to extend the range of applications for magnesium alloys. Alloy development is undertaken in accordance to the formation of intermetallic phases during casting or during subsequent heat treatment. These intermetallic phases may contribute to room temperature strength as well as to the improvement of creep properties. Therefore the behaviour and the structure of these phases needs to be understood in more detail when using these materials in the as‐cast condition or after subsequent heat treatment.
FETMOSS: a software tool for 2D simulation of double‐gate MOSFET
Authors: Abdolkader Tarek M. , Farouk Wael Fikry , Omar O.A. , Hassan Mahmoud Fathy Mahmoud 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA software tool for the 2D simulation of double‐gate SOI MOSFET is developed. The developed tool is working under MATLAB environment and is based on the numerical solution of Poisson and Schrödinger equations self‐consistently to yield the potential, carrier concentrations, and current within the device. Compared to the already existing tools, the new tool uses finite elements method for the solution of Poisson equation, thus, the simulation of curved boundary structures becomes feasible. Another new feature of the tool is the use of transfer matrix method (TMM) in the solution of Schrödinger equation which was proven in a recent published paper that it gives more accurate results than the conventional finite difference method (FDM) when used in some regions of operation. According to the working conditions, the tool can toggle between FDM and TMM to satisfy the highest accuracy with the largest speed of simulation. The tool is named as FETMOSS (Finite Elements and Transfer matrix MOS Simulator). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Counting as integration in feasible analysis
Authors: Ferreira Fernando , Ferreira Gilda 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSuppose that it is possible to integrate real functions over a weak base theory related to polynomial time computability. Does it follow that we can count? The answer seems to be: obviously yes! We try to convince the reader that the severe restrictions on induction in feasible theories preclude a straightforward answer. Nevertheless, a more sophisticated reflection does indeed show that the answer is affirmative. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Potential of imidacloprid to control four species of psocids (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) infesting stored grain
Authors: Nayak Manoj K , Daglish Gregory J 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effectiveness of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was evaluated against four psocid pests of stored grain. This research was undertaken because of the growing importance of psocids in stored grain and the need to identify methods for their control. The mortality and reproduction of adults of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, L. entomophila (Enderlein), L. decolor (Pearman) and L. paeta Pearman in wheat treated with imidacloprid were determined. There were five application rates (0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg AI kg−1 grain) and an untreated control. There were significant effects of application rate on both adult mortality and reproduction for all four species, but the effect of imidacloprid was sometimes more pronounced on reproduction. Imidacloprid was most effective against L. bostrychophila, with 100% adult mortality after 7 d at 5 mg AI kg−1, 14 d at 2 mg AI kg−1 and 28 d at 0.5 and 1 mg AI kg−1. No live progeny were produced at 2 mg AI kg−1. For L. decolor, there was 100% adult mortality after 28 d at 10 mg AI kg−1 and no live progeny were produced at 2 mg AI kg−1. For L. entomophila, there was 100% adult mortality after 14 d at 10 mg AI kg−1 and 28 d at 2 and 5 mg AI kg−1. No live progeny were produced at 10 mg AI kg−1. At 10 mg AI kg−1 there was 100% mortality of L. paeta adults after 28 d exposure and no live progeny developed. Because reproduction at some application rates occurred only in the first 14 d of exposure, it is concluded that the application rate leading to population extinction was 1 mg AI kg−1 for L. bostrychophila, 2 mg AI kg−1 for L. decolor and L. entomophila and 5 mg AI kg−1 for L. paeta. This study shows that imidacloprid has potential as a grain protectant to control all four Liposcelis species in stored grain. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Cathodoluminescence and electrophysical characterization of AlxGa1–xN epilayers
Authors: Kozlovsky V. I. , Skasyrsky Y. K. , Dikme Y. , Kalisch H. , Jansen R. H. , Litvinov V. G. , Heuken M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown AlxGa1–xN epilayers on sapphire has been studied with x from 0.23 to 0.38. CL spectra of undoped and Si‐doped AlGaN epilayers with the same alloy composition grown on thick GaN buffers have been compared. The free electron concentration in the doped samples has been measured to (1‐1.6) × 1017 cm–3 with a mobility of 84‐115 cm2/Vs. CL spectra have been compared with deep level transient spectroscopy spectra. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pinholes in multiple quantum well InxGa1–xN/GaN with low In concentration
Authors: Gloux Florence , Ruterana Pierre , Nouet Gérard 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA study of pinholes and their relationships with threading dislocations to which they are attached is carried out for an InxGa1–xN/GaN heterostructure with low In concentration (x ∼ 2%). A large amount of pinholes are present in the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) area. For most of the pinholes the shape is the well‐known inverted hexagonal pyramid with {10$ \bar 1 $1} sidewalls. Their apex is situated either in a InxGa1–xN quantum well or in a GaN barrier, at the top of (MQWs) region. Threading dislocations that are attached to pinholes are more frequently of mixed (a + c) type but can also be of a‐ or c‐type. Both an association of an accumulation of strain and a critical impurities concentration around the TDs core seem to be the underlying formation mechanism for the pinholes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation criteria for free/open source software products based on project analysis
Authors: Cruz David , Wieland Thomas , Ziegler Alexander 
Published: May 2006

AbstractToday many companies decide to select free/open source software (F/OSS) products for various reasons, for example, economical or quality reasons. For many areas of application, they can choose from a variety of packages provided by different communities. Introducing a software tool into a company—either for supporting a certain business process or for the development of its own products—may be more or less critical depending on the application, which may range from explorative to mission critical.One of the most crucial problems in the usage of F/OSS is the actual decision to use a particular product. Although this is rather similar to the usual investment decisions, the consequences of an involvement in a software project are frequently underestimated. Whether a certain package is appropriate for the intended purposes in the given environment and is suitable to the overall business goals of the company is usually not determined systematically, but often arbitrarily. However, many important hints resulting from the development context of an F/OSS product as well as other technical and economical considerations could be helpful to make the product decision process more transparent and deterministic.In this article, we give a systematic approach for supporting a decision to incorporate a particular F/OSS product into an enterprise. Systematic decision support is provided by a rational approach that facilitates evaluating and interpreting the relevant project circumstances of an F/OSS product to be chosen. By this means, F/OSS projects can be critically reviewed in the light of the particular product requirements of the choosing organisation. The article addresses software managers and engineers in industry and academia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal 5‐oxoprolinuria: Difficult‐to‐diagnose?
Authors: Mendelson I. S. , Christie E. , Zaleski W. A. , MacKenzie S. L. , Wellner V. P. , Meister A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA male newborn infant presented with metabolic acidosis and haemolytic anaemia. Renal tubular acidosis was suspected in the absence of amino aciduria and the patient was treated with sodium bicarbonate. Two years later, the chronic acidosis, clinical observation of developmental delay and ataxia prompted further investigational studies. 5‐Oxoprolinuria was identified by gas‐liquid chromatography and confirmed by mass spectrometry after an initial mass spectrum analysis reported a glutamic acid artifact. Glutathione and glutathione synthetase in erythrocytes were 25% and 5% of control values, respectively. On the basis of neonatal metabolic acidosis, without amino aciduria and an elevated reticulocyte count, a recommendation is made for blood glutathione and urine 5‐oxoproline screening, followed by glutathione synthetase assay for confirmation of neonatal 5‐oxoprolinuria.
Malignant teratomas in infancy and childhood
Authors: Woolley Morton M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn infancy and childhood, 75% of teratomas occur in females. The most common site is the sacrococcygeal area. The second most common site is the ovary, followed by lesser numbers in many anatomic areas, exclusive of the extremities. The majority of malignant teratomas are in the sacrococcygeal group. Approximately 1/2 of sacrococcygeal teratomas are composed of benign adult tissue. Twenty percent contain embryonic benign tissue and approximately 30% have overtly malignant tissue. With the exception of central nervous system teratomas, the percentage of malignancy is less in other sites. The malignant teratoma is aggressive in its clinical course. At the present time, approximately 80% of patients with malignant teratomas die as a result of the malignancy. Subsequent to appropriate surgical therapy, aggressive radiation and chemotherapy are indicated for treatment of malignant teratomas.
Effect of insulin on donor hepatic energy charge during cross‐dialysis liver support
Authors: Yamaoka Y. , Oshita M. , Ozawa K. , Olumide F. , Eiseman B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNucleotide energy charge (EC) was calculated in 10 cross‐dialysis and cross‐circulation experiments involving paired pigs, one liverless and one normal. In two other experiments, paired normal pigs were cross‐dialyzed as controls. Supporting animals dialyzed with anhepatic partners and not given insulin demonstrated a linear fall in EC (0.817±0.001 to 0.706±0.001) during the 6‐hour experimental period. Insulin in a dose of 1 unit/kg given prior to the support period maintained high energy phosphate concentrations near normal. Animals directly cross‐perfused without an intervening membrane had a transient fall in liver EC (0.821 to 0.743) in 30 minutes, but the EC returned essentially to normal (0.818) within 6 hours. The beneficial effect of insulin on the energy charge of the liver of a supporting animal connected to a liverless partner (probably by increasing mitochondrial phosphorylation) suggests its use in liver support cross‐dialysis systems.
Hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis
Authors: Buch Annette , Buch Jan , Carlsen Agnete , Schmidt Arne 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA total of 117 patients with pancreatitis were studied during the acute attack and after remission, and 32.5% were found to have hyperlipidemia, nearly all of type IV. There did not seem to be a relationship between hyperlipidemia and alcohol intake, although nearly 80% of the patients were alcoholics. No defect in triglyceride turnover could be demonstrated by intravenous fat tolerance tests or postheparin lipolytic activity measurements. No correlation was found between hyperlipidemia and steatosis of the liver or diabetes.It is suggested that the increase in serum triglyceride levels might be due to an increased synthesis or mobilization. It is also suggested that the hypertriglyceridemia does not directly induce an attack of pancreatitis, but might predispose a patient to develop pancreatitis when other provoking factors are also present.
Elective treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Darling R. Clement , Brewster David C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDuring the past 20 years at the Massachusetts General Hospital the mortality rate for elective resection and grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has fallen from 9.6% to 1.7% in a series of over 1000 patients. The improvement in mortality rate is partially the result of earlier diagnosis, better preoperative preparation, routine use of aortography, and increased technical experience. Improvements in anesthesia and postoperative care have played a large part in reducing the mortality rate of AAA resection and graft. The postgraft failure rate at 5 years is less than 2%. Since the incidence of rupture of AAA measuring between 4 and 7 cm in diameter is approximately 25%, we believe that patients with AAA of this size in a good surgical environment should have elective resection.
Surgical considerations of infection following operations involving the descending thoracic aorta
Authors: Crawford E. Stanley , Reardon Michael J. , Williams Temple W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractInfection in the region of aortic repair is a dreaded complication and is well known to occur after abdominal aortic operations when prosthetic grafts communicate with groin incisions. Although the incidence of this complication is now less than 1% in these cases, it has varied from 1.3% to 6.0% and is associated with a mortality rate varying between 25% and 75%. Principles of treatment in such cases include appropriate antibiotic therapy, removal of infected prosthetic grafts, and restoration of distal circulation when necessary to avoid peripheral ischemia. The latter has been necessary in over 50% of cases and has been accomplished (a) rarely by insertion of a new graft, (b) by local reconstruction using autogenous tissue, and (c) more commonly by closing the involved aortic and arterial openings and performing an extra‐anatomic bypass. Although little has been written about this problem occurring after operations for lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such problems are known to occur. This report is concerned with a detailed review of the 9 reported cases treated surgically and 2 cases that the authors treated. Analysis of this material indicates that the principles learned from treating infected operative sites in the abdominal aorta apply to similar lesions occurring in the descending thoracic aorta.
Surgical prevention of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Savelyev V. S. , Yablokov E. G. , Kirienko A. I. , Savelyev S. V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn an autopsy study of 919 patients who died during the decade from 1964 to 1973 with emboli (731 cases) or thrombi (188 cases) in the pulmonary arteries, the source of the emboli was believed to be the iliocaval segment in 63.8% and the femoral‐popliteal segment in 36.2%. Phlebography was performed in 353 patients with acute phlebothrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and radioisotopic scintiscans with125I‐fibrinogen were performed in 309 patients. Phlebography, particularly with the method of retrograde iliocavography, was of decisive importance in determining the indications for surgery to prevent pulmonary embolism by demonstrating floating thrombi in 37.5% of the cases. During the period 1971 to 1977, 173 operations were performed to prevent pulmonary emboli. These were thrombectomy in 59 patients, filter implantation in 44, vein plication in 10, vein ligation in 3, and combinations of these procedures in 57. Demonstration of a floating venous thrombus was considered an absolute indication for operation. The postoperative mortality rate was 9.2%, and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary embolism was 1.5%
Gastric bypass combined with reversal of intestinal bypass for morbid obesity
Authors: Yale Charles E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMany of the estimated 100,000 patients in the United States who have had jejunoileal bypass (JIB) for morbid obesity will develop lifethreatening complications which require that the JIB be reversed. To avoid the nearly certain recurrence of morbid obesity after reversal of JIB, gastric bypass (GB) was done at the time of the reversal in 19 patients. All patients are alive and healthy. There were no immediate serious postoperative complications. The arthritis, electrolyte imbalance, and multiple gastrointestinal symptoms (bloating, diarrhea, and flatulence) caused by JIB were immediately relieved. Patient acceptance of GB has been gratifying, and most patients continue to maintain a satisfactory weight reduction. The most significant late complication has been disruption of the gastric staple line, which was diagnosed in 4 patients 2 to 21 months after operation. All 4 patients were reoperated upon because of rapid gain in weight following the disruption. The staple line disruption is probably due to repeated overeating and, therefore, overdistention of the small gastric pouch. It is safe and prudent to perform GB in most patients when the JIB must be reversed.