bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of renal function in cats, using quantitative urinalysis
Authors: Russo Elizabeth A. , Lees George E. , Hightower Dan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two consecutive 24-hour quantitative urinalyses were performed on each of 12 healthy adult cats to evaluate the technique and obtain reference values for measurements of urinary excretion of several substances. Endogenous creatinine clearance (2.31 ± 0.47 ml/min/kg) and urinary protein excretion (17.43 ± 9.05 mg/kg/day) were determined. Additionally, clearances and ratios to creatinine clearances were calculated for phosphate, sodium, potassium, and chloride. The endogenous creatinine clearance value was compared with another estimate of glomerular filtration rate that was based on 99mTc(Sn) diethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid clearance (2.52 ± 0.58 ml/min/kg). Evaluation of feline renal function, using 24-hour quantitative urinalysis techniques, has potential for clinical application, but has several important limitations as well.
Systemic pathologic responses in experimental Psoroptes ovis infestation of Hereford calves
Authors: Stromberg Paul C. , Fisher William F. , Guillot Frank S. , Pruett John H. , Price Roger E. , Green Robert A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine Hereford calves were infested with Psoroptes ovis and were allowed to develop clinical mange during a 9-week period. Blood, serum, and urine samples were obtained before and after calves were infested and were compared with those from 3 noninfested control calves. All calves were euthanatized and necropsied 9 weeks after they were infested. Gross and microscopic anatomic changes occurred only in the skin. Calves developed typical exudative dermatitis, the extent of which was dependent on population density of mites. Severely infested calves (50% to 70% of skin with dermatitis) developed a mild anemia and lymphopenia with marked neutropenia and variable eosinophilia. There were also increases in fibrinogen, γ-globulin, and in vitro lymphocyte response to mitogen stimulation and decreases in anion gap cortisol, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, and fractional Na clearance values. The severity of many of the changes could be correlated with the extent of dermatitis.
24-Hour renal clearance and excretion of endogenous substances in the mare
Authors: Kohn Catherine W. , Strasser Sheryl L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urine samples were obtained from, 6 healthy mares. During a 2-day acclimation period, mares were kept in stalls, fed sweet feed and mixed grass hay, and allowed free access to water and trace mineral salt. The mares were crosstied in their stalls within reach of hay, salt, and water for 24 hours during which urine was obtained by constant flow via indwelling Foley catheters.
Twenty-four-hour urine production was 7,649 to 11,904 ml/day (X = 9,212 ± 1,928) or 14.7 to 25.1 ml/kg/day. (X = 19.3 ± 4.1). Urinary excretion and clearance of electrolytes and protein were determined from aliquots of well-mixed, pooled 24-hour urine samples. These values were sodium (Na) = 0 to 1.7 mEq/kg/day (X = 0.4 ± 0.7), chloride (Cl) = 2.0 to 4.2 mEq/kg/day (X = 3.0 ± 0.8), phosphorous (P) = 0.03 to 0.12 mg/kg/day (X = 0.07 ± 0.03), potassium (K) = 3.7 to 6.5 mEq/kg/day (X = 5.3 ± 1.4), and creatinine (Cr) = 32.1 to 53.9 mg/kg/day (X = 40.3 ± 8.5). Fractional excretions of electrolytes were Na = 0% to 0.46% (X = 0.1 ± 0.2), Cl = 0.48% to 1.64% (X = 1.14 ± 0.45), Ρ = 0.04% to 0.16% (X = 0.08 ± 0.04), and Κ = 23.9% to 75.1% (X = 51.7 ± 17.3). Average clearances (ml/hr/kg) were Na = 0.12 ± 0.19, Κ = 64.1 ± 17.1, Cl = 1.21 ± 0.33, and Ρ = 0.09 ± 0.51. Average endogenous Cr clearance (ml/min/kg) was 1.92 ± 0.51. Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was 1,747 to 9,944 mg/day (X = 5,619 ± 3,024) or 3.6 to 22.3 mg/kg/day (X = 12.0 ± 7.0). There was no growth on urine cultures from 4 mares, small numbers of α-streptococci in 1 mare, and Esherichia coli (> 30,000 colony-forming units/ml) in 1 mare.
The present study established base lines for urinary excretions of Cl, P, Cr, and protein in adult horses, based on 24-hour collections. Fractional excretions of Na, K, Cl, and Ρ calculated from these data validated the acceptable ranges for fractional excretions of Na, Cl, and Ρ established by previous investigators who determined fractional excretion based on 7- to 10-hour urine collections. The upper end of the range for fractional excretion of Κ exceeded the previously recorded value, probably because horses in the present study were given free access to salt and hay.
Endotoxin-induced bovine mastitis: Arachidonic acid metabolites in milk and plasma and effect of flunixin meglumine
Authors: Anderson K. L. , Kindahl H. , Smith A. R. , Davis L. E. , Gustafsson B. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Arachidonic acid metabolites (aam) were measured in milk and plasma during the course of acute endotoxin-induced mastitis in 12 lactating cows. Mastitis was induced by intramammary challenge exposure with 10 μg of Escherichia coli (026:B6) endotoxin. Endotoxin was injected into the teat cistern via the teat canal of a single randomly selected rear quarter of each cow. Concentrations of prostaglandin (pg) F2α and thromboxane (Tx) B2 in fat-free unextracted milk and of 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-pgf2α in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. Total production of aam in milk was determined by measuring quarter milk production. The aam were compared in 6 cows administered flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight) and in 6 cows administered saline solution.
Concentrations of TxB2 in milk were significantly (P < 0.001) increased during the early course of acute mastitis in endotoxin-treated quarters of cows not administered flunixin meglumine. Peak concentrations of TxB2 in milk occurred at 8 hours after endotoxin inoculation. Flunixin meglumine treatment produced significant (P < 0.05) reductions in milk TxB2 and plasma 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-pgf2α concentrations. Concentrations of pgf2α, in milk and total pgf2α and TxB2 production per quarter per milking were not significantly influenced by endotoxin challenge or by flunixin meglumine treatment.
Hemodynamic effects of acute pneumonia experimentally induced in newborn calves inoculated with Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Alnoor S. A. , Slocombe R. F. , Derksen F. J. , Robinson Ν. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hemodynamic responses to acute pneumonia and to hypoxia were investigated in 10 newborn calves. Experiments were performed on heparinized, anesthesized and ventilated calves. Control calves were inoculated intratracheally with bovine fetal serum. Pneumonia was induced in treated calves by intratracheal inoculation with Ρ haemolytica suspended in bovine fetal serum. Before inoculation (base line), at the time of inoculation (T = 0), and at 30-minute intervals for 3 hours, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output (co), arterial blood gases, pulmonary vascular resistance (pvr), and systemic vascular resistance were determined. At T = 0, calves in both groups became hypoxemic, alveolar-arterial O2 difference, pvr, and Ppa increased, and co and systemic vascular resistance remained unchanged. At subsequent measurement intervals, all values returned to base-line in control calves, whereas treated calves had progressive hypoxemia associated with a decrease in Ppa and pvr, with no change in co. Three hours after inoculation and after inhalation of 10% O2 in N2, pvr increased significantly in the control calves. In the treated group, hypoxia did not increase the resistance, compared with base-line and 3-hour values. The data indicate decreased Ppa during pneumonic pasteurellosis is because of a decrease in pvr and that pneumonia may attenuate the normal pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstrictor response.
Effect of furosemide administration on systemic circulation of ponies during severe exercise
Authors: Manohar Murli 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Systemic distribution of blood flow was studied in 11 healthy adult grade ponies, using radionuclide-labeled microspheres (15 μm diameter) that were injected into the left ventricle. Measurements were made at rest, during severe exercise (se) without furosemide, as well as during se at 10 minutes and 120 minutes after furosemide administration (1.0 mg/kg, iv). During se, heart rate, cardiac output, mean aortic pressure, and whole body O2 consumption were 220 ± 4 beats/min, 720 ± 44 ml/min/kg, 169 ± 4 mm of Hg, and 126 ± 9 ml of O2/min/kg, respectively. With se performed after furosemide administration, mean aortic pressure decreased from prefurosemide se value (P < 0.05), but heart rate, cardiac output, and whole body O2 consumption remained similar to values during se without furosemide. During se, blood flow to cerebellar gray matter, pons, and medulla oblongata increased despite marked hypocapnia, but in other regions of the brain, blood flow was unchanged. As arterial O2 content increased by 58% with se, O2 delivery to all brain regions increased. With se, adrenal gland blood flow increased, but intense vasoconstriction in the kidneys, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and colon caused blood flow to plummet. During se, blood flow in the diaphragm, gluteus medius, biceps femoris (muscles of propulsion), and triceps brachii muscles increased to a similar level, indicating that metabolic requirements of the diaphragm during exercise may not be less than those of other vigorously contracting muscles. With se, blood flow in the intercostal muscles also increased markedly, but it remained nearly half of that in the diaphragm (262 ± 23 ml/min/100 g), thereby indicating the dominant role played by the latter in respiration during exertion.
Significant modification(s) of the systemic circulatory response of ponies did not occur during exercise carried out at 10 and 120 minutes after furosemide administration. However, exercise performed 120 minutes after furosemide administration resulted in more intense vasoconstriction in kidneys and spleen.
It is concluded that during se in ponies, blood flow was diverted away from kidneys and splanchnic viscera; the latter responded homogeneously to the stress of exercise. Brain-O2 supply was increased in all regions during exercise in ponies. Furosemide administration in ponies failed to modify the overall circulatory response to se, although the increment in mean aortic pressure was attenuated.
Effect of zearalenone on the fertility of virgin dairy heifers
Authors: Weaver Gary A. , Kurtz Harold J. , Behrens Jerome C. , Robison Thomas S. , Seguin Bradley E. , Bates Fern Y. , Mirocha Chester J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen cycling, virgin, Holstein heifers daily were given 250 mg of 99% purified zearalenone in a gelatin capsule orally, and 18 controls were given an empty gelatin capsule once a day. The study lasted through 1 nonbreeding estrous cycle and the next 2 consecutive estrous cycles during which the 36 heifers were bred, using artificial insemination. Serum concentrations of progesterone and complete blood cell counts were determined throughout the study.
The treated and control heifers had conception rates of 62% and 87%, respectively. There was no effect (P < 0.05) on the serum concentration of progesterone or the complete blood cell counts. Three heifers, bred but not pregnant by the end of the study, were euthanatized and necropsied. The treated heifer did not have any zearalenone-attributable lesions, and there was no effect seen in the bone marrow smears.
The remaining 33 heifers were sold as a herd, and the 31 pregnant heifers calved normally. There was no effect (P < 0.05) on the sex ratio of the offspring, which were all clinically healthy.
Zearalenone did lower the conception rate of the treated heifers (P < 0.065).
Outer membrane protein antigens of Moraxella bovis
Authors: Ostle A. G. , Rosenbusch R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Outer membranes were isolated from bovine isolates and type strains of Moraxella bovis, M phenylpyruvica, M lacunata, and M ovis by sodium N lauroyl sarcosinate extraction and differential centrifugation. Analysis of outer membranes from these organisms by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that all M bovis isolates shared a common polypeptide pattern that was readily distinguishable from other Moraxella spp. Nine major outer membrane protein bands were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis analysis of M bovis. Immunoblotting of protein antigens of M bovis revealed several outer membrane proteins that seemed to be common antigens of all M bovis isolates.
Electromyographic and urethral pressure evaluations: Assessment of urethral function in female and ovariohysterectomized female cats
Authors: Gregory C. R. , Willits N. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urethral pressure and electromyographic evaluations were performed in 10 healthy, intact female cats and in 10 healthy, ovariohysterectomized (ovh) female cats. Mean maximum urethral closure pressure was 71.4 ± 25 cm of water for intact cats and 77.5 ± 31.3 cm of water for ovh cats. Mean maximum pressure of the proximal 60% of the urethral pressure profile length was 39.2 ± 7.4 cm of water for intact cats and 32.1 ± 11.6 cm of water for ovh cats. Mean maximum pressure of the distal 40% of the urethral pressure profile length was 76.2 ± 27.4 cm of water in intact cats and 80.5 ± 32.9 cm of water in ovh cats. Significant differences between intact and ovh cats were not found in mean maximum urethral closure pressure, proximal urethral sphincter pressure, or distal urethral sphincter pressure.
Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and radiography of cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and hyperthyroidism
Authors: Moise N. Sydney , Dietze Amy E. , Mezza Lawrence E. , Strickland Daniel , Erb Hollis N. , Edwards N. Joel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The echocardiographic, ecg, and radiographic findings of sequentially examined cats with dilatation cardiomyopathy (dcm, n = 7), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm, n = 8), and hyperthyroidism (ht, n = 20) were compared with those of healthy control cats (n = 11). Cats with dcm were easily differentiated from healthy cats by echocardiography and from cats with hcm and ht by a dilated left ventricle at end-diastole with a mean ± sd of 2.20 ± 0.36 cm, reduced fractional shortening (2.9% ± 3.7%), reduced aortic amplitude (0.07 ± 0.05 cm), reduced left ventricular wall amplitude (0.09 ± 0.09 cm), and increased E-point septal separation (0.83 ± 0.29 cm). The cats with hcm were most consistently recognized echocardiographically by increased left ventricular wall thickness at end-diastole (0.75 ± 0.12 cm). Some cats with ht had abnormal echocardiograms with left ventricular wall hypertrophy. These cats could usually be differentiated from the cats with hcm because of normal or increased ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, or percentage of thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Left atrial enlargement (left atrial diameter > 1.57 cm or left atrium/aorta > 1.75) was commonly detected by the echocardiogram in cats with dcm, hcm, or ht. The echocardiogram was helpful in differentiating the type of cardiomyopathy (dcm, hcm, or ht) when plain thoracic radiographs indicated that cardiomegaly existed. The ecg may have indicated incorrectly that there was left ventricular enlargement in some cats with ht, and it did not indicate consistently that left ventricular enlargement existed when present in cats with dcm or hcm. The ecg was a poor indicator of left atrial enlargement in all cats.
Echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and radiographic detection of cardiomegaly in hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Moise N. Sydney , Dietze Amy E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hyperthyroid cats were examined by electrocardiography, radiography, and echocardiography for the presence of cardiomegaly. These examinations were performed at the time of the initial diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and repeated during the course of antithyroid medication and after thyroidectomy was done. If the hyperthyroid cats had cardiomegaly, reduction in cardiac size was detected once the euthyroid state was reestablished. This decrease in size was appreciated electrocardiographically and radiographically. The echocardiogram demonstrated a decrease in left atrial size. A consistent decrease in left ventricular wall thickness was not observed by the echocardiogram, although 2 cats did have resolution of free wall hypertrophy.
In vitro transformation of lymphocytes from blood and milk of cows with subclinical paratuberculosis
Authors: Elsken Lawrence A. , Nonnecke Brian J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lymphocytes from blood or milk of 12 cows were evaluated in vitro for the lymphocyte's capability to proliferate in response to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin-A, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen) and to an antigen prepared from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (purified protein derivative, ppd-j). Responses of 4 control cows were compared with those of 4 cows subclinically infected with M paratuberculosis and with 4 apparently noninfected herdmates.
Blood lymphocytes or milk lymphocytes from control cows had no detectable responses to ppd-j. Blood lymphocytes from infected cows had significant (P < 0.05) responses to ppd-j, but milk lymphocytes from these cows did not. Conversely, milk lymphocytes from apparently noninfected herdmate cows had significant (P < 0.05) responses to ppd-j, but blood lymphocytes from these cows did not.
There were no significant differences in the responses of blood lymphocytes from control, noninfected, or infected cows to the mitogens. However, milk lymphocytes from infected cows had significantly (P < 0.05) lower responses than did lymphocytes from the milk of control or noninfected cows to all mitogens. The decreased responsiveness of milk lymphocytes from cows subclinically infected with M paratuberculosis may indicate that immunocompetency of the mammary gland was altered.
Comparison of the results of card, Rivanol, complement-fixation, and milk ring tests with the isolation rate of Brucella abortus from cattle
Authors: Huber Jan D. , Nicoletti Paul 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specimens from 4,553 cows were examined by card, Rivanol, and complement-fixation (cf) tests and bacterio-logic culture. A ring test was performed on milk from 1,003 of these cows. The isolation rate of Brucella abortus correlated directly with antibody titers, and the field strain predominated in adult-vaccinated cows when the Rivanol test titer was > +100 and the cf test titer was > 4 + 40. The cf test had the best balance of sensitivity and specificity in adult-vaccinated cows. The false-negative rate for the Rivanol and cf tests was higher in nonadult-vaccinated cows.
Endometriosis: Clinical and pathologic findings in 70 rhesus monkeys
Authors: Fanton John W. , Hubbard Gene B. , Wood David H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Endometriosis was histologically confirmed in 70 female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto). Severity of endometriosis was staged as minimal (14% of the monkeys), moderate (20%), or massive (66%). Clinical examination indicated masses in the abdomen and/or pelvic cavity palpable abdominally (64% of the monkeys) or rectally (93%), constipation (29%), anorexia (39%), irregular menses (17%), and radiographic evidence of abdominal soft tissue masses (38%). Pathologic findings were of intra-abdominal endometrial cyst formation (73% of the monkeys), and adhesions involving the ureters (51%), colon (66%), urinary bladder (50%), or ovaries (81%). Metastatic growth of endometrial tissue was found in 4 (6%) of the monkeys.
Effects of microbial and host variables on the interaction of rotavirus and Escherichia coli infections in gnotobiotic calves
Authors: Runnels Paul L. , Moon Harley W. , Matthews Peter J. , Whipp Shannon C. , Woode Gerald N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Naturally occurring mixed infections with Escherichia coli and rotavirus have been associated with fatal diarrhea of calves about 1 week old. Experiments were designed to reproduce this syndrome in gnotobiotic calves. Clinical, microbiological, and pathologic data were used to assess severity of disease and mechanisms of the interaction between the 2 infections. An initial study involved 5- to 8-day-old gnotobiotic calves inoculated with a strain of enterotoxigenic E coli (etec) and a strain of rotavirus. Calves were observed for 2 days after they were inoculated; fatal diarrhea was not produced.
In later studies, variables were tested to identify those that might contribute to fatal diarrhea. Variables which did not result in fatal or severe diarrhea or which did not cause disease that was more severe in dually inoculated calves than that in monoinoculated calves were (i) increasing feed to 2 times base line, (ii) increasing dose of etec to 10 times base line, (iii) inoculating calves when they were 2 days old, (iv) using a strain of E coli that causes colisepticemia, and (v) using a different strain of rotavirus. When the observation period was extended from 2 days to 6 days after calves were inoculated, severe, watery, fatal diarrhea occurred in 6 of 12 calves by 32 to 72 hours after dual inoculation was given. Fatal diarrhea was associated with intensive colonization by the etec in the caudal half of the small intestine. Microscopic lesions were similar between dually inoculated and rotavirus-monoinoculated calves, except there was more severe atrophy of ileal villi of dually inoculated calves. Fatal diarrhea, intensive bacterial colonization, and severe villus atrophy in dually infected calves indicated that there was synergistic interaction of the 2 infections. Inherent (presumably genetic) variation among calves may account for the inconsistent demonstration of the synergistic interaction.
Dermatopathology and immunity in experimental Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae) infestation of naive and previously exposed Hereford cattle
Authors: Stromberg Paul C. , Fisher William F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Naive and previously exposed young Hereford cattle were infested with Psoroptes ovis and maintained in stanchions for 7 weeks. Skin biopsy samples were examined at 1, 2, 5, and 7 weeks after infestation was induced, compared with those from noninfested control calves, and correlated with changes in the mite populations and development of dermatitis Gross and microscopic appearance of lesions were qualitatively simlar in both groups of infested calves. The lesions occurred early in the previously exposed calves, but progressed slowly, whereas lesions in the naive calves appeared later, but were rapidly progressive. The basic histopathologic pattern was chronic exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis compatible with allergy. The mite populations on the naive calves revealed exponential growth and high fecundity, and reached high population densities, whereas mite populations on previously exposed calves had low growth rates and low fecundity and reached population densities 100 to 1,000 times less than those on naive calves. Seemingly, there was a hypersensitivity to mite antigens. The hypersensitivity response may have been a mechanism by which humoral immunity was delivered to the mite microenvironment and may have contributed to acquired resistance by controlling mite populations. The mechanism of population control seems to be related partially to decreased fecundity of female P ovis.