bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Monte Carlo tool for simulating electron transport in noble liquids
Authors: Xie Yijun , Wang Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study presents a Monte Carlo simulation tool for
modeling the transportation processes of thermal electrons in noble
liquids, specifically focusing on liquid argon and liquid xenon.
The study aims to elucidate the microscopical mechanisms governing
the drift and diffusion of electrons within the context of time
projection chambers (TPCs), with detailed considerations of coherent
electron-atom scattering and electric field force. The simulation
tool is implemented in the Geant4 framework, allowing for the
exploration of electron transport parameters, including drift
velocity, longitudinal diffusion coefficient, and transverse
diffusion coefficient. The simulation is validated by comparing its
results for drift velocity and diffusion coefficients with
experimental measurements, revealing reasonable agreement in the low
to moderate electric field ranges. Discrepancies between the
simulation and experimental measurements are discussed, emphasizing
the necessity for enhanced cross-section calculations and
high-precision sampling. Despite certain limitations, the
simulation tool provides valuable insights into electron transport
in noble liquids, establishing a foundation for future enhancements
and applications in various research areas
CT image reconstruction via industrial CT fast scanning
Authors: Bai Lijuan , Du Yirou , Long Chao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In automated manufacturing and safety inspection, there is a
high demand for fast computed tomography (CT) scanning and image
reconstruction. Currently, faster scanning can be achieved by
reducing the X-ray exposure time within sparse view CT. The faster
scanning strategy introduces significant streak artefacts and noise
during the sampling process. Consequently, streak artefacts and
noise need to be simultaneously suppressed, which is poses a
challenge for existing reconstruction methods. This paper presents a
fast iterative reconstruction algorithm that can simultaneously
suppress both streak artefacts and noise. This method can not only
reconstruct high-fidelity images from rapidly acquired projection
data, but also has a faster reconstruction speed than the existing
iterative reconstruction algorithms. First, we present a high-order
multi-directional total variation (HOM-TV) method that specifically
focuses on preserving edge details of the image. Then, we present a
fast iterative reconstruction model by incorporating HOM-TV and
non-local means into the objective function. Finally, the
effectiveness of the presented reconstruction model is validated by
simulation and real experiments. The faster scanning method can
complete the scan in only 5 seconds, and the structural similarity
index (SSIM) of the CT image reconstructed by our method is 0.9755,
which is higher than 0.0175 of the Fast Null Space Reconstruction
(FNSR) algorithm. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) index is
1.656, which is higher than that of the contrast algorithm. In terms
of reconstruction time, our algorithm can achieve reconstruction in
as little as 36 seconds, outperforming the baseline algorithms.
Develop an automated data acquisition system for TPS correction magnet power supply
Authors: Wang Baosheng , Liu Kuobin , Wong Yongseng , Liu Chenyeo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Taiwan Photon Source is a third-generation 3 GeV
synchrotron light source. Since the successful operation of the
first beamline in 2013, comprehensive long-term testing and
acceptance work has been carried out to ensure the stable operation
of various types of correction magnet power supplies, totalling 1038
units. To standardise and save workforce and time for the
measurement of correction magnet power supplies, an automated data
acquisition system platform for correction magnet power supplies was
developed using LabVIEW. This platform integrates control interface
cards, high-resolution digital voltmeters, and analysis
instruments. It also includes linearization and calibration
compensation for the multi-channel direct constant current
transformer to ensure simultaneous measurement of 24 magnet power
supplies. Furthermore, it can automatically generate test reports in
Word format, saving significant human resources and time. This
platform has verified TPS correction magnet power supplies before
installation, reducing the failure rate. Regarding measurement
results, the output current ripple for the DCCT version is within
five ppm, while the shunt resistor version is within ten ppm. The
long-term current stability is consistently within ten ppm. The
development of the fully automated data acquisition system platform
and the measurement of 1038 power supplies were completed in four
months.
Applications of programmable trim quadrupoles on beam commissioning for the CSNS RCS
Authors: Li Yong , Yuan Yaoshuo , An Yuwen , Xu Shouyan , Chen Jianliang , Deng Changdong , Qi Xin , Wang Sheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The design goal of 100 kW beam power of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has
been successfully achieved in 2020. In order to further increase the beam power more than 100 kW,
a total of 16 programmable trim quadrupoles have been installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron
(RCS) of CSNS, to achieve accurate adjustment of betatron tunes, better control of twiss
parameters, and restoration of lattice super-periodicity. In this paper, we describe the design
and several important applications of the trim quadrupoles for beam commissioning in the CSNS
RCS. The beam experiments show that the trim quadrupoles play a crucial role in increasing beam
power above 100 kW.
Targeted exosome-based nanoplatform for new-generation therapeutic strategies
Authors: Yin Wenjing , Ma Hongyin , Qu Yang , Wang Siji , Zhao Ruoyu , Yang Yi , Guo Zhen-Ni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Exosomes, typically 30–150 nm in size, are lipid-bilayered small-membrane vesicles originating in endosomes. Exosome biogenesis is regulated by the coordination of various mechanisms whereby different cargoes (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) are sorted into exosomes. These components endow exosomes with bioregulatory functions related to signal transmission and intercellular communication. Exosomes exhibit substantial potential as drug-delivery nanoplatforms owing to their excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. Proteins, miRNA, siRNA, mRNA, and drugs have been successfully loaded into exosomes, and these exosome-based delivery systems show satisfactory therapeutic effects in different disease models. To enable targeted drug delivery, genetic engineering and chemical modification of the lipid bilayer of exosomes are performed. Stimuli-responsive delivery nanoplatforms designed with appropriate modifications based on various stimuli allow precise control of on-demand drug delivery and can be utilized in clinical treatment. In this review, we summarize the general properties, isolation methods, characterization, biological functions, and the potential role of exosomes in therapeutic delivery systems. Moreover, the effective combination of the intrinsic advantages of exosomes and advanced bioengineering, materials science, and clinical translational technologies are required to accelerate the development of exosome-based delivery nanoplatforms.
Biopolymeric corneal lenticules by digital light processing based bioprinting: a dynamic substitute for corneal transplant
Authors: Bhutani Utkarsh , Dey Namit , Chowdhury Suvro Kanti , Waghmare Neha , Mahapatra Rita Das , Selvakumar Kamalnath , Chandru Arun , Bhowmick Tuhin , Agrawal Parinita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Digital light processing (DLP) technology has gained significant attention for its ability to construct intricate structures for various applications in tissue modeling and regeneration. In this study, we aimed to design corneal lenticules using DLP bioprinting technology, utilizing dual network bioinks to mimic the characteristics of the human cornea. The bioink was prepared using methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated gelatin, where ruthenium salt and sodium persulfate were included for mediating photo-crosslinking while tartrazine was used as a photoabsorber. The bioprinted lenticules were optically transparent (85.45% ± 0.14%), exhibited adhesive strength (58.67 ± 17.5 kPa), and compressive modulus (535.42 ± 29.05 kPa) sufficient for supporting corneal tissue integration and regeneration. Puncture resistance tests and drag force analysis further confirmed the excellent mechanical performance of the lenticules enabling their application as potential corneal implants. Additionally, the lenticules demonstrated outstanding support for re-epithelialization and stromal regeneration when assessed with human corneal stromal cells. We generated implant ready corneal lenticules while optimizing bioink and bioprinting parameters, providing valuable solution for individuals suffering from various corneal defects and waiting for corneal transplants.
Understanding climate changes in East Asia and Europe based on spatial climate analogs
Authors: Paik Seungmok , An Soon-Il , King Andrew D , Kim Soong-Ki , Min Seung-Ki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Spatial climate analogs effectively illustrate how a location’s climate may become more similar to that of other locations from the historical period to future projections. Also, novel climates (emerging climate conditions significantly different from the past) have been analyzed as they may result in significant and unprecedented ecological and socioeconomic impacts. This study analyzes historical to future spatial climate analogs across East Asia and Europe, in the context of climatic impacts on ecology and human health, respectively. Firstly, the results of climate analogs analysis for ecological impacts indicate that major cities in East Asia and Europe have generally experienced novel climates and climate shifts originating from southern/warmer regions from the early 20th century to the current period, primarily attributed to extensive warming. In future projections, individual cities are not expected to experience additional significant climate change under a 1.5 °C global warming (warming relative to pre-industrial period), compared to the contemporary climate. In contrast, robust local climate change and climate shifts from southern/warmer regions are expected at 2.0 °C and 3.0 °C global warming levels. Specially, under the 3.0 °C global warming, unprecedented (newly emerging) climate analogs are expected to appear in a few major cities. The climate analog of future projections partially align with growing season length projections, demonstrating important implications on ecosystems. Human health-relevant climate analogs exhibit qualitatively similar results from the historical period to future projections, suggesting an increasing risk of climate-driven impacts on human health. However, distinctions emerge in the specifics of the climate analogs analysis results concerning ecology and human health, emphasizing the importance of considering appropriate climate variables corresponding to the impacts of climate change. Our results of climate analogs present extensive information of climate change signals and spatiotemporal trajectories, which provide important indicators for developing appropriate adaptaion plans as the planet warms.
Influence of swift heavy ion irradiation on structure and morphology of La0.25Pr0.375Ca0.375MnO3 film
Authors: Bhatt Harsh , Kumar Yogesh , Tokas R B , Singh A P , Singh Fouran , Singh Surendra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The effects of Ag15+ (120 MeV) swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation on the structural and morphological properties of epitaxial La0.25Pr0.375Ca0.375MnO3 (LPCMO) thin films were investigated by x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. LPCMO films of thickness ∼ 280 Å were irradiated with an Ag15+ ion beam at different fluences of 1 × 1011, 5 × 1011, and 1 × 1012 ions cm−2. XRD results suggested the development of the tensile stress along the out-of-plane direction of the LPCMO film upon ion irradiation, which increases on increasing the ion fluence. The morphology of the film was also modified with the irradiation and an increase in the fluence of the ion beam enhanced the in-plane height-height correlation length scale (grain size) with a loss of the fractal behaviours. The linear variation of microstrain with ion irradiation fluence in thin LPCMO film can be considered for a possible strain-driven application in modifying functional properties of such a phase separated complex oxide.
Bulk-boundary correspondence in topological systems with the momentum dependent energy shift
Authors: Wang Huan-Yu , Yang Zhen-Biao , Wu-Ming Liu  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bulk-boundary correspondence (BBC) remains the central topic in modern condensed matter physics and has received a boost of interest with the recent discovery of non-Hermitian skin effects. However, there still exist profound features of BBC that are beyond the existing framework. Here, we report the unexpected behavior of BBC when the Hamiltonian contains terms of the form

d
0

(
k
)
I

, which serves as a momentum dependent energy shift. For Hermitian cases, the momentum dependent energy shift can force the system to be metallic, where topological phase transitions can take place with the upper and the lower bands kept untouched. The modified BBC should be reconstructed from the perspective of the indirect band gap. In non-Hermitian cases, skin effects are found to be capable of coexisting with the preserved BBC, of which the process can be greatly facilitated by the complex

d
0

(
k
)
I

. Remarkably, such results can be led to a further step, and contrary to the intuition, the modified BBC in Hermitian systems can be restored to be conventional by including extra non-Hermiticity. The physical origin for these phenomena lies in that

d
0

(
k
)
I

can drastically change the point gap topology. Finally, the corresponding experimental simulations are proposed via the platforms of electric circuits.
Ab initio guided atomistic modelling of nanomaterials on exascale high-performance computing platforms
Authors: Gutiérrez Moreno José Julio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The continuous development of increasingly powerful supercomputers makes theory-guided discoveries in materials and molecular sciences more achievable than ever before. On this ground, the incoming arrival of exascale supercomputers (running over 1018 floating point operations per second) is a key milestone that will tremendously increase the capabilities of high-performance computing (HPC). The deployment of these massive platforms will enable continuous improvements in the accuracy and scalability of ab initio codes for materials simulation. Moreover, the recent progress in advanced experimental synthesis and characterisation methods with atomic precision has led ab initio-based materials modelling and experimental methods to a convergence in terms of system sizes. This makes it possible to mimic full-scale systems in silico almost without the requirement of experimental inputs. This article provides a perspective on how computational materials science will be further empowered by the recent arrival of exascale HPC, going alongside a mini-review on the state-of-the-art of HPC-aided materials research. Possible challenges related to the efficient use of increasingly larger and heterogeneous platforms are commented on, highlighting the importance of the co-design cycle. Also, some illustrative examples of materials for target applications, which could be investigated in detail in the coming years based on a rational nanoscale design in a bottom-up fashion, are summarised.
Definition of springtime easterly wind bursts in the Indian Ocean and their roles in triggering positive IOD events
Authors: Xiao Yao , Tan Xiaoxiao , Tang Youmin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using wind reanalysis dataset, we propose a definition for easterly wind bursts (EWBs) occurring in the Indian Ocean and analyze their effects on positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) events. It was found that there were eight pIOD events during the period from 1980–2020, all of which were accompanied by EWBs occurrence in spring except 2015. The significant impact of EWBs on pIOD events is through the Bjerkness feedback process, strengthening upwelling in the Eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) and triggering a westward zonal current in the equatorial Indian Ocean, both cooling the EIO and in turn strengthening the easterly wind anomalies. Further analysis reveals that the negative upper ocean heat content (OHC) anomalies in EIO, acting as a trigger of Bjerkness feedback process, also plays a critical role in the development of pIOD. Thus, the simultaneous occurrence of EWBs and negative OHC anomalies in spring is an important precursor to pIOD occurrence, although there are possible other triggers.
Ambient wind conditions impact on energy requirements of an offshore direct air capture plant
Authors: Foxall Ryan , Ishaq Haris , Crawford Curran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study proposes an off-grid direct air (carbon) capture (DAC) plant installed on the deck of an offshore floating wind turbine. The main objective is to understand detailed flow characteristics and

CO

2

dispersion around air contactors when placed in close proximity to one another. A solid sorbent DAC design is implemented using a commercially deployed air contactor configuration and sorbent. The sorbent is assumed to undergo a temperature vacuum swing adsorption cycle. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to determine the local conditions entering each unit based on varying wind speed and angle. Two-dimensional (2D) simulations were used to determine the pressure drop through a detailed air contactor design considering the sorbents APDES-NFC, Tri-PE-MCM, MIL-101(Cr)-PEI-800, and Lewatit VP OC 106. Only APDES-NFC was explored for further analysis in the three dimensional (3D) CFD dispersion model. 3D simulations were used to model flow patterns and

CO

2

dispersion using passive scalars. A worst case scenario is analyzed for all DAC units in adsorption mode with fans running simultaneously. 2D simulations show an under utilization of contactor length, and quantify pressure loss curves for four common sorbents. One commercially deployed sorbent is considered for further analysis; a pressure drop of 390.62 Pa is experienced for a flow velocity of 0.73 m s−1 through a

1.5

m

×
1.5

m

×
1.5

m

contactor. Using 3D simulations, fan energy demands are computed based on flow velocities and applied pressure gradients. There is found to be a decrease in overall fan power demand as wind speed increases. High wind speeds can passively drive the adsorption process with fans shut off at certain wind directions. This occurs at an average contactor inlet velocity of 17.5 m s−1, correlating to a hub height (150 m) wind speed of 24 m s−1. Thermal energy demands are computed based on inlet

CO

2

concentrations entering downstream units. Thermodynamic work for desorption based on an assumed second law efficiency is compared to thermal energy for desorption computed using a simplified isotherm method, taking into account the impacts of humidity on

CO

2

adsorption. Going from 414.72 ppm to 300 ppm

CO

2

inlet concentration requires an additional 63.9 kWh (t-

CO

2

)

−
1

using the 2nd law thermodynamic efficiency method and 25.9 kWh (t-

CO

2

)

−
1

using the isotherm method. Contactor arrangement, wind angles, and wind speeds have a significant impact on flow patterns experienced, and resulting

CO

2

dispersion. High wind speeds assist in

CO

2

dispersion, resulting in higher inlet concentrations to downstream DAC units and decreased thermal energy requirement.
Advances in fused deposition modeling on process, process parameters, and multifaceted industrial application: a review
Authors: Enyan Michael , Amu-Darko Jesse Nii Okai , Issaka Eliasu , Abban Olivier Joseph 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the current era of intense competition, optimizing the design and manufacturing processes through time reduction measures can prove to be advantageous. The objective of profit maximization is a crucial consideration across diverse industries. The utilization of 3D printing technology has been crucial in producing personalized items at a reduced expense and with increased efficiency across various industrial domains. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an effective and cost-efficient Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique utilized in diverse engineering applications. The introduction of the FDM process occurred in the early 1990s by Stratasys Inc., a company based in the United States. Since then, FDM technology has become a prevalent AM process widely utilized for producing functional prototypes with precision and safety. To advance the technology, it necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the process, involved parameters, applications, and trends, as well as identifying challenges and prospects. This review explores the fundamental underpinnings of the FDM process, detailing production stages, parameters, applications, and challenges and prospects. It critically evaluates process parameters and their influence on the FDM process, drawing insights from a synthesis of relevant studies. The paper also provides an in-depth examination of FDM applications across various domains, evaluating and summarizing associated studies. The study draws upon prior research and highlights the evolving landscape of FDM application trends and current trends, providing a solid foundation for readers to grasp the topic.
On the information-theoretic formulation of network participation
Authors: Cajic Pavle , Agius Dominic , Cliff Oliver M , Shine James M , Lizier Joseph T , Fulcher Ben D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The participation coefficient is a widely used metric of the diversity of a node’s connections with respect to a modular partition of a network. An information-theoretic formulation of this concept of connection diversity, referred to here as participation entropy, has been introduced as the Shannon entropy of the distribution of module labels across a node’s connected neighbors. While diversity metrics have been studied theoretically in other literatures, including to index species diversity in ecology, many of these results have not previously been applied to networks. Here we show that the participation coefficient is a first-order approximation to participation entropy and use the desirable additive properties of entropy to develop new metrics of connection diversity with respect to multiple labelings of nodes in a network, as joint and conditional participation entropies. The information-theoretic formalism developed here allows new and more subtle types of nodal connection patterns in complex networks to be studied.