bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief report: Measuring self‐efficacy with female adolescents who are conduct disordered: Validation of the program efficacy scale
Authors: Vincent James , Houlihan Daniel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study focused on measuring self‐efficacy with 44 female conduct disordered youth involuntarily placed in a long‐term residential setting. The Program Efficacy Scale (PES) was developed as a measure of self‐efficacy linked specifically to program completion. Construct validity for this measure was assessed by correlating it to the Generalized Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSE) developed by Tipton and Worthington (1984) and other measures of program success. The PES was found to be significantly related to the GSE, length of placement, level of program achievement, and effort ratings by staff. Possible uses for the PES in predicting success or failure with youth in residential settings are discussed.
Functional assessment and treatment of self‐injury in a pediatric, nursing‐care resident
Authors: Luiselli James K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present study addressed the functional assessment and treatment of self‐injury in an 18‐year‐old resident within a pediatric, nursing‐care facility. During Phase 1 of the study, the rate of self‐injurious eye‐pressing was recorded when the client wore large protective mittens and conditions in which the mittens were absent in order to evaluate sensory reinforcing effects from the behavior. These results led to a program of sensory extinction combined with stimulus fading. The program featured the gradual reduction in the size of the mittens while rates of self‐injury were maintained at reduced levels. During postfading assessment, near‐zero rates were recorded.
Groups of individuals who are moderately mentally retarded sharing their activities with passive low‐functioning companions
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Bouter Hans P. , Brouwer Jacobus A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study involves a program in which two groups of individuals with moderate mental retardation served as peer caregivers with two passive companions (trainees). The main question was whether each group would learn to plan and share daily activities with one trainee, increasing the trainee's activity level. Other questions were: (1) whether peer caregivers would enjoy working with the trainees; (2) whether the job of peer caregiver would occasion social/adaptive behaviors not usually observed in the peer caregivers' repertoire; and (3) whether staff would perceive program effects on peer caregivers' and trainees' behavior. Results showed that the groups of peer caregivers learned to perform independently and accurately, increasing and maintaining the activity of the trainees. Peer caregivers seemed to like (or at least not to mind) working with the trainees, and their job brought about social/adaptive behaviors not commonly seen in their repertoire. Staff ratings confirmed that the program had positive effects on trainees and peer caregivers. General implications of the findings are discussed.
Antecedent exercise and its effects on self‐stimulation
Authors: Powers Stephanie , Thibadeau Susan , Rose Ken 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on the self‐stimulatory and on‐task behaviors of an 8‐year‐old with developmental disabilities. For 10 min prior to a structured play session, the subject engaged in roller skating. This antecedent activity resulted in a decrease in the subject's self‐stimulatory behavior and a corresponding increase in his on‐task performance. Applications to educational programs and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Assessing the acceptability of staff management procedures to direct care and supervisory staff
Authors: Miltenberger Raymond G. , Larson Jan , Doerner Mark , Orvedal Laurie 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDirect care and supervisory staff in five residential training programs for persons with mental retardation in North Dakota rated the acceptability of six staff management procedures. Overall, staff rated “Instructions”, “Instructions and Modeling”, “Feedback and Praise”, and “Instructions, Feedback, and Praise”, as significantly more acceptable than “Self‐Management” and “Self‐Management, Feedback and Praise”. There was a significant group by treatment interaction in which supervisors and direct care staff had significantly different acceptability rating for four of the six procedures. The results were further analyzed by group and implications and future research are discuessed.
Acceptability of behavioral interventions: Perceptions of superintendents of public residential facilities
Authors: Lindeman David P. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Lennox David B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe acceptability of behavioral procedures has been examined with many groups of individuals that have significant roles in the lives of persons with mental retardation. However, for those individuals that live in public residential facilities, one critical person in the decision making process is the superintendent. The purpose of this study was to assess the acceptability of treatments to superintendents of public residential facilities. Using the Treatment Evaluation Inventory (Kazdin, 1980), superintendents rated the acceptability of five treatments (DRO, Time‐out, medication, overcorrection and contingent shock) applied to a mild and severe behavior problem. The results showed a significant main effect for treatment and problem and a problem by treatment interaction. Acceptability was inversely related to treatment restrictiveness and, except for differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO), all treatments were more acceptable for the severe problem than for the mild problem.
Predictors of peer helpfulness: Implications for youth in residential treatment
Authors: Vincent James , Houlihan Daniel , Mitchell Patricia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSociometric measures were used to predict peer helpfulness of youth in a residential treatment center. Seventeen female adolescents with conduct disorders were asked to choose three peers in their group who were most popular, similar, well‐liked, and competent. These sociometric measures were correlated with the frequency in which each peer was nominated as most and least helpful in several problem scenarios representing actual situations encountered in residential settings. A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that “popularity” was the best predictor of peer helpfulness across the problem scenarios. Discussion focused on the impact of popularity on treatment strategies for youth in residential placement.
Brief report: An extension of the sequential alternating treatment design using reversals with subjects not available concurrently
Authors: Houlihan Daniel D. , Jones Robert N. , Sloane Howard N. , Cook Joni 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis brief report proposes an extension of the traditional Alternating Treatments Design that would be acceptable to use in hospital and residential settings where subjects are often not concurrently available. Concerns about the inability of traditional designs to work in these special situations and the emergence of a “scientist–practitioner split” are discussed. An example of how the Extended Alternating Treatments Design might be used is provided.
Treatment of aggression in a brain injured adolescent
Authors: Wesolowski Michael D. , Zencius Arnie H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA traumatically brain injured (TBI) adolescent exhibited physical aggression requiring physical intervention. Aggressive behavior was eliminated in 2 weeks when a point system with response cost and contingent home visits were used. The point system alone maintained aggression at zero episodes for 4 weeks. In addition to eliminating aggression, the point system increased attendance to therapies and classes, waking up on time, and prosocial behaviors.
Types of social interactions among individuals with mental retardation who present problems of conduct
Authors: Todd Stephens J. , Gardner William I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study compared the types of social interactions among groups of adults with mental retardation who also were characterized as demonstrating or not demonstrating difficulties of conduct. Using an Interaction Assessment Protocal, participants were observed during their daily activities at randomly selected periods throughout the day. The specific roles of an interaction (initiate or receive), the type of communication (Mand or Non‐Mand), relevant affective behaviors, and the outcome of communications (comply, ignore, resist) were noted. No significant differences were obtained between groups of persons with and without conduct disorders on any of the interaction dimensions evaluated. Limitations of these findings and implications for further investigations are offered.
A functional analysis of objects used in stereotyped behavior: The relationship between social and non‐social stimuli
Authors: Murphy Michael J. , Jones Robert S. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined the effects of objects, with and without social stimulus properties, on the behavior of children who are severely retarded, and compared such effects with behavior under conditions of minimal stimulation. It was found that these children approach, contact, grasp and interact significantly less often with objects which possess social stimulus properties than with objects which possess no social qualities. These results are discussed in relation to the ongoing debate on the importance of relationships in the reduction of challenging behavior. It is concluded that while having access to close‐bonded relationships may be necessary for the reduction of challenging behavior, in some cases at least, it may not be sufficient.
Case study: Effects of naltrexone and sibis on self‐injury
Authors: Ricketts Robert W. , Goza Amanda B. , Goza Amanda B. , Matese Mary 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present case study was an effort to determine the relative effectiveness of two variant treatment modalities, and to provide an exploratory study of the hypothesis that therapy with naltrexone might increase the effectiveness of an aversive stimulus in controlling self‐injury. Data are presented for a man who was treated for severe self‐injury with the Self‐Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System (SIBIS) and naltrexone, conducted under open‐trial conditions utilizing fixed doses of 50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg per day. The effects of naltrexone on SIB were evaluated alone and paired with SIBIS. When used alone, lower dosages of naltrexone produced moderate decrements in self‐injury. However, the rate of SIB increased in a dose‐dependent manner when naltrexone was paired with SIBIS. The data also suggested that naltrexone may have caused a generalized blunting of both positive and negative affect.
Impact of self‐assembly composition on the alternate interfacial electron transfer for electrostatically immobilized cytochrome c
Authors: Dolidze Tina D. , Rondinini Sandra , Vertova Alberto , Waldeck David H. , Khoshtariya Dimitri E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report on the effects of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) dilution and thickness on the electron transfer (ET) event for cytochrome c (CytC) electrostatically immobilized on carboxyl terminated groups. We observed biphasic kinetic behavior for a logarithmic dependence of the rate constant on the SAM carbon number (ET distance) within the series of mixed SAMs of C5COOH/C2OH, C10COOH/C6OH, and C15COOH/C11OH that is in overall similar to that found earlier for the undiluted SAM assemblies. However, in the case of C15COOH/C11OH and C10COOH/C6OH mixed SAMs a notable increase of the ET standard rate constant was observed, in comparison with the corresponding unicomponent (ω–COOH) SAMs. In the case of the C5COOH/C2OH composite SAM a decrease of the rate constant versus the unicomponent analogue was observed. The value of the reorganization free energy deduced through the Marcus‐like data analysis did not change throughout the series; this fact along with the other observations indicates uncomplicated rate‐determining unimolecular ET in all cases. Our results are consistent with a model that considers a changeover between the alternate, tunneling and adiabatic intrinsic ET mechanisms. The physical mechanism behind the observed fine kinetic effects in terms of the protein‐rigidifying ω–COOH/CytC interactions arising in the case of mixed SAMs are also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 68–73, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Sequence specificity of inter‐ and intramolecular G‐quadruplex formation by human telomeric DNA
Authors: Pedroso Ilene M. , Duarte Luis F. , Yanez Giscard , Burkewitz Kris , Fletcher Terace M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHuman telomeric DNA consists of tandem repeats of the sequence 5′‐d(TTAGGG)‐3′. Guanine‐rich DNA, such as that seen at telomeres, forms G‐quadruplex secondary structures. Alternative forms of G‐quadruplex structures can have differential effects on activities involved in telomere maintenance. With this in mind, we analyzed the effect of sequence and length of human telomeric DNA on G‐quadruplex structures by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism. Telomeric oligonucleotides shorter than four, 5′‐d(TTAGGG)‐3′ repeats formed intermolecular G‐quadruplexes. However, longer telomeric repeats formed intramolecular structures. Altering the 5′‐d(TTAGGG)‐3′ to 5′‐d(TTAGAG)‐3′ in any one of the repeats of 5′‐d(TTAGGG)4‐3′ converted an intramolecular structure to intermolecular G‐quadruplexes with varying degrees of parallel or anti‐parallel‐stranded character, depending on the length of incubation time and DNA sequence. These structures were most abundant in K+‐containing buffers. Higher‐order structures that exhibited ladders on polyacrylamide gels were observed only for oligonucleotides with the first telomeric repeat altered. Altering the sequence of 5′‐d(TTAGGG)8‐3′ did not result in the substantial formation of intermolecular structures even when the oligonucleotide lacked four consecutive telomeric repeats. However, many of these intramolecular structures shared common features with intermolecular structures formed by the shorter oligonucleotides. The wide variability in structure formed by human telomeric sequence suggests that telomeric DNA structure can be easily modulated by proteins, oxidative damage, or point mutations resulting in conversion from one form of G‐quadruplex to another. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 87: 74–84, 2007This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Ethical and consultation issues in the behavioral sciences and terrorism
Authors: Eichelman Burr , Hartwig Anne C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper briefly examines ethics as a process and as an element of philosophy with a long historical tradition. The paper then reviews elements of the professional ethics of a terrorist or hostage event, issues involved with consulting with an institution, and ethical issues for the clinician who chooses to become personally involved in a hostage event. Although reference is made particularly to psychiatrists, the principles discussed apply in large part to other mental health professionals as well. The paper concludes with the principles articulated by the American Psychiatric Association's Task Force on the Psychiatric Aspects of Terrorism and Its Victims as guidelines for psychiatric intervention in hostage or terrorist situations.
Post‐traumatic stress disorder, Vietnam veterans and the law: A challenge to effective representation
Authors: Erlinder C. Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe legal system's increasing awareness of and understanding regarding post‐traumatic stress disorders is presented. PTSD is discussed primarily in the context of litigation involving both violent criminal and nonviolent offenses. Other potential applications of PTSD at trial are reviewed. Post‐conviction strategies involving PTSD are also discussed. A comprehensive review of case law involving PTSD is summarized.
Data integration in legal evaluations: Can clinicians deliver on their premises?
Authors: Faust David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractClinicians often claim to base their conclusions on configural analysis and integration of most or all of the data. However, research suggests that subjective beliefs about complex interpretive strategies and their resultant success are largely illusory. Studies show that: (1) access to more data does not necessarily improve judgmental accuracy, (2) clinical judgments, which purportedly depend on configural analyses, can usually be duplicated by simple linear models, (3) individuals often have difficulty deciphering interactions or patterns among just two or three variables, and (4) actuarial methods, even those that simply add variables together, almost always equal or exceed the accuracy of clinicians who purport to integrate large amounts of information. Corrective suggestions are discussed that may help the clinician better manage large data sets.
How and when to correct for juror hindsight bias in mental health malpractice litigation: Some preliminary observations
Authors: Wexler David B. , Schopp Robert F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article examines the hindsight bias in the context of mental health malpractice litigation, analyzes various legal mechanisms for dealing with the bias, and discusses whether the law should strive for debiasing in all mental health malpractice cases.
The excuses of child molesters
Authors: Pollock Nathan L. , Hashmall Judith M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractClinicians often regard the excuses of child molesters as important indicators of remorse, rehabilitation potential and the likelihood of recidivism. Despite the implications for clinical decision‐making and judicial deliberations, relatively little is known about the content and structure of these explanatory statements.This study was an attempt to delineate the range of thematic content and logical structure of the excuses of child molesters. Over 250 justificatory statements were examined from the clinical records of 86 child molesters referred for psychiatric assessment. A total of 21 distinct excuses and six thematic categories were identified. An ‘excuse syntax’ was devised to define the structure of the offenders' reasoning about their sexual improprieties. The excuse syntax has the advantage of formalizing clinical judgements about the individual's level of denial and personal responsibility, his degree of defensiveness and the logical consistency of his justifications. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed.
Toward an epistemology of “addictive disease”
Authors: Shaffer Howard J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article examines the social perception of disease. Understanding medical perceptions provides an opportunity to gain insight into factors that influence health care seeking behavior patterns, treatment compliance and social policy. This paper views addictive disease models as metaphorical substitutes for moral turpitude models. This conclusion suggests that it is important for health care providers to carefully and instrumentally apply their language to facilitate patient compliance with treatment protocols, in general, and psychotherapy in particular.
A preliminary inquiry into the effect of potentially biasing information on judges and jurors in civil litigation
Authors: Landsman Stephan , Rakos Richard F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe American system of civil procedure presumes that judges and jurors will respond quite differently to potentially biasing material introduced into adjudicatory proceedings. Judges are assumed to possess a special capacity to control their subjective reactions to such material while jurors are perceived as incapable of such control. This article first reviews these presumptions and the differential treatment accorded judges and jurors by the system. An experiment in which judges and jurors were exposed to potentially biasing material in a civil trial is then described. The results suggest that judges and jurors may be similarly influenced by such exposure, regardless whether the biasing material is ruled admissible or inadmissible. The implications of these preliminary data—that judges may not possess the presumed special capacity to remain immune to bias—are briefly discussed.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among battered women: Analysis of legal implications
Authors: Dutton Mary Ann , Goodman Lisa A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has recently been applied to the psychological experiences of victims of intimate violence, including physical and sexual assault. The use of trauma theory to explain battered women's responses to violence has laid a foundation for expert testimony on PTSD, where relevant, within more general testimony concerning partner violence. This article discusses the relevance of the PTSD diagnosis within the legal context for explaining battered women's responses to violence.
Use of the insanity defense: A survey of attorneys in wyoming
Authors: Blau George L. , McGinley Hugh 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAttorneys in the State of Wyoming were surveyed to determine their reported use of the insanity defense during the preceding 5 years. They were asked about the success, defined as “benefit to the defendant,” of the insanity defense at various stages that occur before trial. The attorneys reported that the insanity defense is used throughout the various stages preceding trial, with more use and benefit to the defendant being reported than previously suggested. This was particularly true for the earlier stages in the criminal justice process. The attorneys were also asked various attitude questions related to the insanity defense. Defense lawyers were more in from of the insanity defense and expressed attitudes that supported the insanity defense while prosecuting attorneys were relatively more opposed to the insanity defense and expressed attitudes consistent with this view.
A new look at child abuse tragedies
Authors: Reder Peter , Duncan Sylvia , Gray Moira 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThirty‐five child abuse inquiry reports, published in Britain between 1973 and 1989, were reviewed and the cases reanalysed using a systemic framework. Problematic interactions were identified within the families, among members of the professional networks and between the families and professionals. These relational aspects of each case interacted and progressively skewed the course of events. The findings have important implications for the practice of child protection, including the assessment of risk and decisions by statutory professionals to employ controlling interventions such as Emergency Protection Orders.