bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLUCOSE‐INDUCED INSULIN SECRETION IN PATIENTS WITH PARATHYROID DISORDERS
Authors: HAGUE R. V. , CULLEN D. R. , MARTIN T. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGlucose‐induced insulin secretion was studied in ten patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and two with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism both before and after treatment. In each individual, insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test was greater when the plasma calcium was higher. No consistent change in insulin secretion with plasma calcium concentration was observed during an oral glucose tolerance test. These findings could be explained by the suggestion that insulin secretion provoked by orally adminstered glucose is enhanced by gut hormones which may stimulate insulin secretion by a mechanism independent of extracellular calcium.
MEASUREMENT OF GONADOTROPHINS, TESTOSTERONE, Δ4 ANDROSTENEDIONE AND DIHYDROTESTERONE IN IDIOPATHIC OLIGOSPERMIA
Authors: ROULIER R. , MATTEI A. , DUVIVIER J. , FRANCHIMONT P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBasal concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, Δ4 androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, together with FSH and LH responses to single injections of LHRH were determined in eighty‐four patients with oligospermia and in twenty‐seven normal men. LHRH responses were heterogeneous and indicate that various disorders might cause this syndrome. In six cases there appeared to be an isolated deficiency in spermatogenesis, as indicated by an increased FSH response, whilst the LH response was normal as were the concentrations of the testicular hormones. In twenty cases a concomitant disorder of Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis is suggested as indicated by increased FSH and LH responses and decreased concentrations of testosterone and Δ4 androstenedione (six) or concentrations at the lower limit of normal (fourteen).Furthermore, in five cases a hypothalamic and/or pituitary disturbance may be accepted on the basis of normal or decreased basal concentrations decreased and responses to LHRH with decreased concentrations of testosterone and Δ4 androstenedione.Finally, in thirty‐seven cases, oligospermia was not associated with any modification basal gonadotrophin concentrations or response to LHRH when compared with normal subjects.
THE HYPERCALCIURIA OF DIABETES MELLITUS: ITS AMELIORATION WITH INSULIN
Authors: RASKIN PHILIP , STEVENSON MURIEL R. M. , BARILLA DONALD E. , PAK CHARLES Y. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCalcium and phosphous metabolism was investigated in 20 patients with diabetes mellitus when their diabetes was under poor metabolic control and again once optimal glycaemic control was achieved with aggressive insulin therapy. Ten of the twenty uncontrolled diabetics had hypercalciuria; insulin therapy returned calcium excretion to normal in five. Twenty‐four hour calcium excretion fell in all but two patients when optimal diabetic control was achieved and calcium excretion was positively correlated with glucose excretion. Urinary cyclic AMP excretion, which was in the high normal range during poor control, decreased significantly during optimal insulin therapy. These data suggest that the hypercalciuria of uncontrolled diabetes may be a form of renal hypercalciuria which could result in parathyroid stimulation which might contribute to the development of osteopenia in patients with diabetes mellitus.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS IN CIRCULATING THYROTROPHIN, THYROID HORMONES AND PROLACTIN
Authors: CHAN VIVIAN , JONES ANN , LIENDO‐CH P. , McNEILLY A. , LANDON J. , BESSER G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHalf‐hourly blood samples were taken from six clinically euthyroid men over a continuous period of 24 h. Their concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), total triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) were assessed together with the degree of unsaturation of thyroid hormone binding proteins as determined by the thyroid hormone uptake test (THUT). Both T3 and T4 were also measured in urine samples collected serially during the same 24 h period. Significant circadian changes in serum TSH, THUT, serum and urine T4 and serum PRL were demonstrated in all subjects. TSH showed a reciprocal pattern to serum T4, with higher levels during the evening and at night than the daytime. This TSH pattern did not coincide with PRL secretion. Further studies on the same subjects did not show any significant effect of posture, corticosteroid or T4 administration upon circadian changes in TSH. There appeared to be no consistent circadian changes in serum or urinary T3. It seems likely that the TSH circadian rhythm is centrally determined and that free T3 levels are maintained more or less constant by variation in peripheral conversion from T4.
PRELIMINARY STUDIES WITH THE SENSITIVE CYTOCHEMICAL ASSAY FOR PARATHYROID HORMONE
Authors: FENTON S. , SOMERS S. , HEATH D. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA modification of the cytochemical assay for parathyroid hormone (PTH) is described which permits the measurement of as little as 0.1 fg ml‐1. Using this assay circulating concentrations in normal humans range between 1 and 30 pg ml‐1 using a bovine PTH standard. Elevated values are found in hyperparathyroidism with reduced concentrations in hypoparathyroidism. Where detectable, PTH concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay are on average fourteen‐fold higher than by cytochemical assay. No cross reactivity was found with AVP, calcitonin and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D in concentrations normally found in health or disease.
HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA AND IMPOTENCE
Authors: FRANKS S. , JACOBS H. S. , MARTIN N. , NABARRO J. D. N. 
Published: March 2008

Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings were evaluated in twenty‐nine men who had raised serum prolactin concentrations and pituitary tumours. Twenty‐one had functionless pituitary tumours (‘prolactinomas’) and eight had acromegaly. Suprasellar extension was detected in twenty of the twenty‐six men who had lumbar airencephalography. Three patients were studied before, sixteen before and after and ten only after pituitary ablative therapy.Seventeen of these men complained of complete lack of libido and impotence and six had impaired libido and sexual potency; only six patients in this series denied reproductive symptoms. Thirteen of the impotent subjects had small soft testes, ten reduced facial and body hair and three had marked gynaecomastia. No features of hypogonadism were noted in the six patients without reproductive symptoms and none of the patients had galactorrhoea.Serum prolactin concentrations were higher and serum testosterone concentrations lower in the impotent men compared with those with normal sexual potency. Serum LH and FSH (both basal and in response to LHRH), oestradiol and oestrone concentrations were not different between the two groups and, except in those with post‐operative hypopituitarism, were within the normal range. Following successful lowering of prolactin concentrations by surgery or bromocriptine or both, serum testosterone rose and potency returned; by contrast failure to lower prolactin concentrations was associated with persistent impotence and hypogonadism.The endocrine profile of low serum testosterone concentrations with gonado‐ trophins which had not risen into the range usually seen in primary hypogonadism (together with the parallel increase of LH and testosterone in one patient studied sequentially during treatment which suppressed prolactin levels to normal), suggested that the impaired gonadal function was caused by a prolactin‐mediated disturbance of hypothalamic‐pituitary function.
SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF CORTISOL, GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN NYCTOHEMERAL VARIATIONS IN NORMAL AND OBESE SUBJECTS. INFLUENCE OF PROLONGED FASTING IN OBESITY
Authors: COPINSCHI G. , LAET M.‐H. DE , BRION J. P. , LECLERCQ R. , L'HERMITE M. , ROBYN C. , VIRASORO E. , CAUTER E. VAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHourly integrated concentrations (IC) of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and cortisol were determined by a continuous sampling procedure in six obese women, before and at the end of a 12 day fast, and in eight normal controls under basal conditions. Hormonal 24 h IC and nyctohemeral variations were calculated from these data. Nyctohemeral rhythms were investigated by the periodogram method.A significant increase over basal values of 24 h IC of PRL, GH and cortisol was observed at the end of the fasting period. Nyctohemeral variations‐but not nyctohemeral rhythm‐of IC‐GH were found in normal subjects. They were abolished in obese patients under basal conditions but restored during fasting. The circadian rhythm of cortisol was not altered in obesity. A shift of the normal nyctohemeral rhythm of PRL was observed in obese patients, but the normal pattern was restored during fasting.
OESTRADIOL SECRETION IN MEN AND PRE‐MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: LENTON ELIZABETH A. , COOKE I. D. , SAMPSON GWYNETH A. , SEXTON LYNNE 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBlood samples were obtained from a group of regularlycycling normal women (n = 13) and a group of normal men (n= 5) at 15 min intervals for periods ranging from 9–14 h whilst the subjects remained resting quietly in bed. The concentration of plasma oestradiol was measured in a radioimmunoassay which had been carefully optirnised and the mean concentration and coefficient of variation calculated for each subject.Plasma oestradiol concentrations were found to fluctuate rapidly in all subjects. The largest sample‐to‐sample variation was found in regularly cycling women near mid‐cycle, and the least variation occurred in the male subjects. The coefficients of variation were approximately twice the intra‐assay variation confirming that the observed pulsatile patterns of secretion were not due to technical errors.An analysis of variance performed on the mean hourly concentrations from each subject showed a significant variation (P < 0.001) between sampling periods with peaks occurring during the first hour of sampling (08.00–09.00 hours). This result is suggestive of the presence of a circadian rhythm although it is not conclusive.
THYROTROPHIN, PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSES TO TRH IN BARBITURATE COMA AND IN DEPRESSION
Authors: NAEIJE R. , GOLSTEIN J. , BEYL D. ZEGERS DE , LINKOWSKI P. , MENDLEWICZ J. , COPINSCHI G. , BADAWI M. , LECLEKCQ R. , L'HERMITE M. , VANHAELST L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effects of 200 μg thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone (TRH) i.v. on thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and triiodothyronine (T3) were studied in eight patients with barbiturate coma due to attempted suicide, in the same patients after recovery, in eight depressive patients and in eight normal controls. The patients with barbiturate coma presented normal basal TSH and PRL, elevated basal GH and normal PRL but blunted TSH responses to TRH; their GH concentrations varied widely without consistent relation to TRH administration. The same patients after recovery from coma presented normal TSH and PRL, slightly elevated basal GH, and normal PRL but blunted TSH responses to TRH; in four of these patients, a clear‐cut rise in GH (i.e. more than 10 ng/ml) occurred after TRH administration. The depressive patients presented normal basal TSH and PRL, slightly elevated basal GH, and normal PRL but blunted TSH responses to TRH; in four of these patients, a moderate rise in GH (less than 10 ng/ml) occurred after TRH administration. The increment in T3 concentrations 120 min after TKH was found reduced in the comatose patients only. Basal cortisol was measured in all the subjects and found elevated in the comatose patients only. It is concluded that the abnormal TSH and GH responses to TRH observed in patients with barbiturate coma are more likely related to depressive illness than to an effect of barbiturates at the pituitary level. Barbiturates might affect thyroid secretion.
ENDOCRINE EFFECTS OF SPIRONOLACTONE IN MAN
Authors: TIDD M. J. , HORTH C. E. , RAMSAY L. E. , SHELTON J. R. , PALMER R. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA double blind, controlled study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of administering spironolactone, 200 mg daily, to five healthy male volunteers. The patterns of change in plasma testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) after spironolactone were significantly different from placebo and there were significant increases in the urinary excretion of androsterone (A), aetiocholanolone (EC) and total oestrogen. Urinary dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) excretion, after an initial rise, declined progressively during the treatment period relative to controls. The results are discussed in the light of previous observations. It is concluded that treatment with spironolactone for 2–4 days will lead to a transient rise in plasma T and urinary DHA. Continued treatment (4–10 days) is thought to cause increased LH secretion, with normalization of plasma T and DHA excretion. These changes are accompanied by increased androgen catabolism and a slightly increased conversion of androgens to oestrogens. Healthy men may therefore show alterations in sex steroid metabolism if treated for several days with high doses of spironolactone.
NORMAL PROLACTIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN PATIENTS WITH AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING EUTHYROID MULTINODULAR GOITRE
Authors: ELTE J. W. F. , WIARDA K. S. , FROLICH M. , HAAK A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwelve female patients (mean age 60 years, range 41–74) with euthyroid multinodular goitre and a flat TRH test (median A TSH 0.9 IU/ml, range 0–3.5) had normal prolactin responses to TRH (median A prolactin 48 ng/ml, range 6–115). The results are comparable with those in euthyroid patients receiving full substitution doses of thyroid hormone without increasing T3 and/or T4 levels beyond the normal range.
FACTORS GOVERNING INSULIN AND GLUCAGON RESPONSES DURING NORMAL MEALS
Authors: DAY JOHN L. , JOHANSEN KLAUS , GANDA OM P. , SOELDNER J. STUART , GLEASON RAY E. , MIDGLEY WENDY 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn experimental model is described which can be used to study substrate and hormone responses to normal meals administered in very near normal circumstances. After 500, 300 and 125 calorie meals, the relative proportion of fat or protein content did not influence the plasma glucose except for minor differences between the high protein‐high fat meals. The insulin response to such meals was correlated positively with the increment in glucose but reduction of protein content below 8 g caused a significant reduction in the increment in plasma insulin per unit increase in plasma glucose. Alterations in protein content above 8 g made no difference. Fat content of the meal did not significantly alter the insulin response. No evidence was obtained for a major component of insulin release attributable to either bulk or pre‐absorption phenomena such as sight or smell. It is concluded that a significant accentuation of the insulin response to meals is dependent on a minimum amount of protein and that this is probably mediated by one of the gastro‐intestinal hormones. Glucagon release is dependent on protein and carbohydrate content of the meal and is independent of the fat content. There may also be an early stimulation of glucagon release, regardless of content, which may also be hormonally mediated.
EVALUATION OF STEROID LABORATORY TESTS AND ADRENAL GLAND IMAGING WITH RADIOCHOLESTEROL IN THE AETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: BARBARINO A. , DE MARINIS L. , LIBERALE I. , MENINI E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBasal values of the urinary excretion of 17‐oxogenic steroids and serum levels of cortisol were not satisfactory in the differentiation of ‘suspected’ subjects from patients with true Cushing's syndrome. With an RIA method for serum cortisol determination, the overnight dexamethasone suppression test provided the most reliable single test in establishing adrenocortical hyperfunction. Thirty‐five normal subjects, fifty‐nine obese patients, thirteen ‘suspected’ patients, and thirteen patients with disease states other than Cushing's syndrome had suppressed values below 4.0 μg/100 ml. None of the ten patients with Cushing's syndrome had a cortisol concentration less than 16.3 μg/100 ml. Adrenal gland scintigraphy after radiocholesterol injection is a more valuable tool than the metyrapone test and the high‐dose dexamethasone suppression test in the localization and differential diagnosis of adrenocortical lesions causing Cushing's syndrome. It obviates the need for angiographic procedure in the localization of adenomas. It is a reliable technique for identifying functioning adrenal remnants. We therefore propose a schedule for studying patients with suspected adrenocortical hyperfunction.
THYROID HORMONE LEVELS DURING GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN EUTHYROID SUBJECTS
Authors: PREMACHANDRA B. N. , GOSSAIN VED V. , PERLSTEIN I. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwelve normal, healthy, clinically and biochemically proven euthyroid volunteer subjects (age 19–35) were administered a standard glucose tolerance test (100 g glucose orally) and thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse tri‐iodothyronine (rT3) levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassays to determine the acute effect of glucose and insulin on peripheral monodeiodination of thyroxine. The fasting levels of T4, T3, rT3 and free thyroxine were 82.4 nmol/l, 1.7 nmol/l, 0.52 nmol/l, and 0.22 nmol/l, respectively, and these levels were unchanged during the 3 hours post‐glucose load. The rise and fall of glucose and insulin levels were typical of the standard responses normally observed in the glucose tolerance test. The variations in insulin and glucose levels were not correlated with thyroid hormone concentrations at any interval during the test. It is therefore concluded that dietary glucose does not acutely cause shifts in peripheral monodeiodination of thyroxine in healthy euthyroid subjects.
SEMINAL IMMUNOREACTIVE PROLACTIN BEFORE AND AFTER VASECTOMY
Authors: LUQMAN W. A. , SMITH M. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSeminal fluid was assayed for prolactin by radioimmunoassay in eleven healthy males 8–12 weeks following vasectomy. The results were compared with those obtained in 34 age matched subjects prior to undergoing vasectomy. The mean values (± 1 SD) for prolactin were similar (postvasectomy = 11.4 ± 3.2 ng/ml, prevasectomy = 12.7 ± 6.1 ng/ml) and there was no statistically significant difference (t= 0.66, P=> 0.05). This study shows that prolactin is found in secretions of the prostate and/or seminal vesicles.
INDIVIDUAL NEUROPHYSIN CONCENTRATIONS IN THE PITUITARY AND CIRCULATION OF HUMANS
Authors: DAX E. M. , CLAPPISON B. H. , PULLAN P. T. , PEPPERELL R. , JOHNSTON C. I. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSpecific, homologous human neurophysin I and II radioimmunoassays were established and used to measure the individual, immunoreactive neurophysin concentrations in human plasma. Circulating levels of human neurophysin I in normal individuals were less than 1 ng/ml and neurophysin II levels were 1–2 ng/ml. During dehydration, there was a significant rise in plasma neurophysin I, together with an increase in neurophysin II. Haemorrhage also was associated with a rise in plasma neurophysin I and II, but the percent increase was greater for I than II. In two subjects in whom nicotine inhalation caused a rise in plasma neurophysin I, there was no detectable increase in plasma neurophysin II. These stimuli which have been reported to release vasopressin from the posterior pituitary also are associated with the differential release of neurophysin I. Plasma neurophysin II levels could more clearly be shown to rise independently of plasma neurophysin I during events thought to be related to oxytocin release. Plasma neurophysin II levels were significantly elevated in women taking oral contraceptives. Similarly' during pregnancy there was a progressive rise in plasma neurophysin II concentration which was proportional to the period of gestation. Plasma neurophysin II concentrations in seven of fifteen nursing women rose significantly during suckling. There was no detectable change in plasma neurophysin I concentrations during any of these events. Plasma neurophysin I and II levels were both signficantly elevated in fourteen patients with chronic renal failure and rose over haemodialysis, suggesting that the kidney may be the major route of clearance of the neurophysins. In humans the independent release of neurophysin II was associated with stimuli thought to release oxytocin, but neurophysin I showed only a differential release compared to neurophysin II in vasopressin stimulated events.
THE RELEVANCE OF 25‐HYDROXYCALCIFEROL MEASUREMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM*
Authors: MASON REBECCA S. , POSEN SOLOMON 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn twenty‐one patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism a close correlation was observed between the prescribed dose of ergocalciferol and mean serum 25‐hydroxy‐calciferol levels. In the 75 serum specimens examined, a significant correlation was found between 25‐hydroxycalciferol levels and calcium concentrations. The measurement of serum 25‐hydroxycalciferol levels is of potential clinical value in the prediction of hyper‐or hypocalcaemic episodes and in monitoring patient compliance.
AUGMENTATION OF PITUITARY THYROTROPHIN RESPONSE TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE DURING SUBPHYSIOLOGICAL TRI‐IODOTHYROININE THERAPY IN HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: RIDGWAY E. CHESTER , KOURIDES IONE A. , CHIN WILLIAM W. , COOPER DAVID S. , MALOOF FARAHE 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive hypothyroid patients are reported with increased pituitary TSH response to TRH during administration of T3. In one patient treated with intravenous T3, 50 μg daily for 10 days, the peak serum TSH and total pituitary TSH reserve after TRH increased coincident with increases in serum T3 and T4 levels and a decrease in the basal TSH concentration. In four patients treated with oral T3, the peak serum TSH and total pituitary TSH reserve after TRH increased during administration of subphysiological doses of T3. Peak serum T3 levels occurred 4 h after ingestion and increased progressively with increasing T3 doses. Serum TSH levels decreased modestly with the nadir at 4 h after T3 ingestion and then returned to basal levels at 24 h. Augmentation of TSH responses to TRH occurred simultaneously with decreases in serum cholesterol, a swell as increases in the pituitary prolactin response to TRH, and increases in the GH and cortisol response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia where these responses could be studied. These data demonstrated a positive effect of subphysiological T3 therapy in these hypothyroid patients on the TSH response to TRH as well as increases in the responses of other pituitary hormones to stimulation.
PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES AND CONCEPTION CYCLES
Authors: LENTON ELIZABETH A. , BROOK LINDA M. , SOBOWALE OLADELE , COOKE IAN D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPlasma prolactin concentrations were measured daily throughout twenty‐three menstrual cycles from regularly ovulating women. In five of the cycles conception occurred spontaneously. The frequency distribution of prolactin concentrations was calculated and an appropriate linear transform obtained. Means and 95% confidence limits were determined by inspection of the logarithmic probability plots and these gave mean concentrations (and ranges) of 302 (106–871) mU/1 for the non‐conception cycles and 178 (58–550) mU/1 for the conception cycles. Distribution of prolactin concentrations was log‐normal in all cases, although the population containing the conception cycles was distinct from the population of non‐conception cycles. It is suggested that the normal range found in ovulating women is 80–800 mU/1 but that for conception to occur levels should be slightly lower and approximate to the range 60–600 mU/1. Thus the lower limit of normal is about 60 mU/1 and the upper limit about 800 mU/1. Any concentration over 800 mU/1 should be designated as hyperprolactinaemia.