bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions about services and dropout from a substance abuse case management program
Authors: Sosin Michael R. , Durkin Elizabeth 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article uses event history analysis to examine certain determinants of dropout from a case management program that serves homeless adults with substance abuse problems. The examined determinants are perceptions of conventional treatment services: (a) client perceptions concerning the value of the conventional services that case managers help them to obtain, (b) the views of use services held by social contacts, and (c) client perceptions of the legitimacy of conventional services. The findings, some of which involve statistical interactions, suggest that clients drop out of case management services more slowly (a) when they favor pursuit of particularly efficacious conventional programs; (b) when they find conventional programs to be of low legitimacy; (c) when, under special conditions, they perceive that conventional services are less caring; or (d) when social contracts do not pressure them. These findings generally imply that clients look to case management services when they are more skeptical about conventional services. The variables predicting dropout from case management poorly predict continuation in conventional substance abuse services, indicating that dropout is linked to perceptions of services in context‐specific ways. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 583–602, 2007.
What factors predict women's disclosure of sexual assault to mental health professionals?
Authors: Starzynski Laura L. , Ullman Sarah E. , Townsend Stephanie M. , Long LaDonna M. , Long Susan M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough many sexual assault survivors seek support from mental health sources for adverse psychological symptoms due to sexual assault, many do not. A diverse sample of adult sexual assault survivors was surveyed about their sexual assault experiences, social reactions received when disclosing assault, attributions of blame, coping strategies, and psychological symptomatology. Statistical analyses were run to identify demographic, assault, and postassault factors differentiating women who disclosed from those who did not disclose sexual assault to mental health sources. Both demographic (race, sexual orientation, and age) and postassault factors (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptom severity, number of informal support sources told, receipt of tangible aid/information support) significantly predicted assault disclosure. Implications of the results are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 619–638, 2007.
Dynamic Viscoelastic Characterization of Bitumen/Polymer Roofing Membranes
Authors: Goikoetxeaundia Goretti , González Oscar , Muñoz María Eugenia , Peña Juan José , Santamaría Anton 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDynamic viscoelastic functions of bitumen/polymer waterproofing membranes are investigated. Analyses of the effect of polymer concentration on the height of the loss tangent peak observed around 20 °C reveals the existence of a continuous polymer phase. The variation of the elastic modulus and the loss modulus with frequency leads to define a Relaxation Spectrum Index which is used to determine the polymer concentration for the phase inversion. This is related to the Spanish UNE 104281 technical norm on bitumen/polymer blends for roofing. The results of the elastic modulus as a function of temperature and frequency were employed to evaluate the bonding capacity of the membranes to the roof surface. New perspectives on the characterization of bitumen/polymer membranes, similar to the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) used in road pavement, are open.magnified image
Effect of Organoclay on the Morphology and Properties of Poly(propylene)/Poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐adipate] Blends
Authors: Sinha Ray Suprakas , Bandyopadhyay Jayita , Bousmina Mosto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effect of organically modified clay on the morphology and properties of poly(propylene) (PP) and poly[(butylene succinate)‐co‐adipate] (PBSA) blends is studied. Virgin and organoclay modified blends were prepared by melt‐mixing of PP, PBSA and organoclay in a batch‐mixer at 190 °C. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed a significant change in morphology of PP/PBSA blend in the presence of organoclay. The state of dispersion of silicate layers in the blend matrix was characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic observations. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed substantial improvement in flexural storage modulus of organoclay‐modified blends with respect to the neat polymer matrices or unmodified blends. Tensile properties of virgin blends also improved in the presence of organoclay. Thermal stability of virgin blends in air atmosphere dramatically improved after modification with organoclay. The effect of organoclay on the melt‐state liner viscoelastic properties of virgin blends was also studied. The non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of homopolymers, virgin, and organoclay‐modified blends were studied by differential scanning calorimeter. The effect of incorporation of organoclay on the cold crystallization behavior of PP/PBSA blends is also reported.magnified image
Template‐Assisted Synthesis of Self‐Doped Polyaniline: Morphological Effects of Templates on the Conductivity
Authors: Kim Seong‐Cheol , Kim Dongwook , Lee Joonsuk , Wang Yanping , Yang Ke , Kumar Jayant , Bruno Ferdinando F. , Samuelson Lynne A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSelf‐doped sulfonated polyaniline (PSA) has been synthesized on the surface of micellar nanoparticles made from positively charged surfactants by biocatalysis. The conformation forced by the electrostatic charge interactions between the positively charged micelle and the negatively charged PSA increases the conductivity of the PSA by three orders of magnitude. The pure PSA recovered from ion exchange, however, shows quite similar electrical properties compared with sulfonated polyanilines reported earlier. The increased conductivity of PSA complexes is as a result of the increased charge carrier concentration caused by a certain conformational locking.magnified image
Electropolymerizable Terthiophene S,S‐Dioxide‐Fullerene Diels‐Alder Adduct for Donor/Acceptor Double‐Cable Polymers
Authors: Vida Yolanda , Suau Rafael , Casado Juan , Berlin Anna , Navarrete Juan T. López , Pérez‐Inestrosa Ezequiel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe preparation of a novel fullerene‐thiophene derivative by Diels‐Alder addition of terthiophene S,S‐dioxide was demonstrated. Extrusion of SO2 from the adduct is an effective process that yields a stable cyclohexadiene‐1,4‐bisthiophene–C60 adduct in good isolable yield. The product has been accurately characterized and opens the way to synthesize new C60 derivatives “via” Diels‐Alder methodology without the possibility of cycloreversion. Electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of this macromolecule were studied and supported by theoretical calculations to interpret its electronic structure. The first approach to the electropolymerization of this macromonomer produces donor‐acceptor molecular wires providing a new and versatile way to fullerene‐based double cable polymers.magnified image
Deficiency in recapitulation of stage‐specific embryonic gene transcription in two‐cell stage cloned mouse embryos
Authors: Vassena Rita , Han Zhiming , Gao Shaorong , Latham Keith E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOne possible explanation to account for the ability to clone animals by somatic cell nuclear transfer is that the donor genome is reprogrammed by the oocyte to recapitulate a normal embryonic pattern of gene expression. Mouse embryos display transient transcriptional induction of a group of genes (TIGs) at the mid two‐cell stage, the first major transcriptional output of the embryonic genome, uniquely suited for evaluating whether the oocyte directs correct and efficient recapitulation of an embryo stage‐specific gene expression program before any in vitro selection occurs. We analyzed the expression of eight TIGs in two‐cell stage clones prepared with cumulus cell nuclei. One failed to be transcribed, and seven others were transcribed, but supported significantly reduced mRNA expression. The reduction ranged from 1.6‐ to 17‐fold at the mid two‐cell stage, and 1.5‐ to 13‐fold for the late two‐cell stage. Five genes were not expressed in the donor cells, and these displayed the most pronounced deficiencies in expression. Two genes were expressed in cumulus cell donors, and supported progressive accumulation of their mRNAs in clones during this period, albeit at reduced rates. One other gene expressed in cumulus cells was not activated in clones. Although a significant proportion of these genes is reactivated in two‐cell stage clones, this recapitulation is grossly imperfect, occurs at a substantially reduced level, and even fails entirely to occur for some genes. Thus, the oocyte is incapable of efficiently directing the recapitulation of early embryonic stage‐specific gene expression. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1548–1556, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between muscle stress and intramuscular pressure during dynamic muscle contractions
Authors: Ward Samuel R. , Davis Jennifer , Kaufman Kenton R. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIntramuscular pressure (IMP) has been used to estimate muscle stress indirectly. However, the ability of this technique to estimate muscle stress under dynamic conditions is poorly characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which IMP is a valid surrogate for muscle stress during dynamic contractions. IMP and muscle stress were compared under steady‐state isotonic conditions and during complex dynamic length changes. During concentric contractions the shape of the IMP–velocity curve mimicked the basic shape of the force–velocity curve but with much higher variability. For eccentric contractions, a precipitous drop in IMP was observed despite increased muscle stress. The dissociation between muscle stress and IMP during dynamic contractions was partially explained by sensor movement. When the muscle was not moving, IMP explained 89% ± 5% of the variance in muscle force. However, when transducer movement occurred the linear relationship between IMP and stress was no longer observed. These findings demonstrate the difficulty in interpreting IMP under dynamic conditions when sensor movement occurs. They also illustrate the need to control transducer movement if muscle stress is to be inferred from IMP measurements such as might be desired during clinical gait testing. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Managing electronic documents and work flows: Enterprise content management at work in nonprofit organizations
Authors: Iverson Joel , Burkart Patrick 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWeb management and knowledge management systems have made significant technological advances, culminating in large information management systems such as enterprise content management (ECM). ECM is a Web‐based publishing system that manages large numbers of electronic documents and other Web assets intended for publication to Web portals and other complex Web sites. Work in nonprofit organizations can benefit from adopting new communication technologies that promote collaboration and enterprisewide knowledge management. The unique characteristics of ECM are enumerated and analyzed from a knowledge management perspective. We identify three stages of document life cycles in ECM implementations—content, reification, and commodification/process—as the content management model. We present the model as a mechanism for decision makers and scholars to use in evaluating the organizational impacts of systems such as ECM. We also argue that decision makers in nonprofit organizations should take care to avoid overly commodifying business processes in the final stage, where participation may be more beneficial than efficiency.
Fractals of strategic coherence in a successful nonprofit organization
Authors: Black Janice A. , Hinrichs Kim T. , Fabian Frances H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe theorize that organizations that are able to use stories and examples to explain their strategy and offer a flexible guide to discretionary employee behaviors use them in what can be termed a fractal fashion. The thesis is based on the idea of how strategic logic can be communicated and how it can be reiterated to lead to strategic coherence across different levels of analysis in organizations. The parallels of a nonlinear, reinforcing process that is based on iteration inspired us to draw on complexity theory and fractal processes to understand the generation of strategic coherence. We present the case of a successful nonprofit organization where it appears that such a fractal use of stories occurred.
Catholic NGOs following the 1995 referendum on divorce in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Besel Karl , Brown Joe H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article examines patterns of political, social, and economic change within the Republic of Ireland that led to passage of the 1995 Referendum of Divorce. It also looks at this policy's impact on public and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that provide court‐related services. Because the passing of the referendum is in many ways a reflection of the changing role of the Catholic church in public life, considerable attention is granted to the evolving nature of this institution, from policymaker to service provider. Implications include how Catholic NGOs partner with public institutions in providing services to families experiencing divorce.
Silver (I) antimicrobial cotton nonwovens and printcloth
Authors: Sachinvala Navzer , Parikh D. V. , Sawhney Paul , Chang SeChin , Mirzawa Jerzey , Jarrett William , Joiner Beth 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the preparation and comparative evaluation of silver (I) [Ag(I)] nonwoven and woven antimicrobial barrier fabrics generated from commercial calcium‐sodium alginates and laboratory prepared sodium carboxymethyl (CM) cotton nonwovens and CM‐cotton printcloth for potential use as wound dressings. Degrees of CM substitution (DS) in cotton nonwoven and printcloth samples by titrimetry were 0.38 and 0.10, respectively. Coordination of Ag(I) with carboxylates on fabrics was effected by ion exchange and nitrates were removed by washing to mitigate nitrate ion toxicity issues. Durability of silver coordinated fabrics was tested by soaking them in deionized water with slight agitation at 50°C. Ag(I) alginates and nonwoven Ag(I)‐CM‐cottons lost structural integrity in water. Ag‐CM‐cotton printcloth samples retained structural integrity even after four soak‐and‐dry cycles, were smooth to the touch when dry, and were smoother when moistened. They could be easily peeled from wound surfaces without inducing trauma. Solid‐state carbon‐13 (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry was used to observe changes in carbonyl resonances in Ag(I) alginates and Ag(I)‐CM‐printcloth, and the chemical shift positions of carbonyl resonances of uncoordinated and Ag(I) coordinated fabrics did not change. Inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) was used following fabric digestion to determine the total Ag(I) ion content in fabrics. Ag(I) alginates were found to hold about 10–50 mg Ag(I) per gram fabric; and Ag(I) cotton woven and nonwoven fabrics held about 5–10 mg Ag(I) ions per gram fabric. Kinetic release of Ag(I) after soaking once in physiological saline was studied with ICP‐MS to estimate the availability of Ag(I) upon a single exchange with Na(I) ions on wound surfaces. Alginates released between ∼13 and 28% of coordinated Ag(I), and CM‐cotton nonwovens and CM‐cotton printcloth released ∼14 and 3% of coordinated Ag(I) ions, respectively. Finally, Ag(I) alginates and Ag(I)‐CM‐cotton printcloth samples were evaluated against Gram‐positiveStaphylococcus aureusand Gram‐negativeKlebsiella pneumoniae. Ag(I) alginates suppressed 99.95% of bacterial growthin vitro. Even after four soak‐and‐dry cycles in deionized water Ag(I)‐CM‐cotton printcloth suppressed 99.99% of bacterial growthin vitro. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of moderate pressure on the crystalline structure of oriented polypropylene tapes using in situ X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Shavit‐Hadar Liron , Rein Dmitry M. , Khalfin Rafail L. , Terry Ann E. , Cohen Yachin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHighly oriented isotactic polypropylene tapes were examined under moderate pressure by heating and cooling during in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements using synchrotron radiation. The formation of γ‐isotatic polypropylene (iPP) is observed upon recrystallization under pressure from the melt. The amount of γ‐iPP formed, as a function of pressure, exhibits a minimum at about 100 MPa. Upon applying moderate pressure (up to 60 MPa) significant changes are observed in the unit cell parameters, compared to their values at atmospheric pressure. At pressures above 60 MPa only a small decrease in the b unit cell parameter is observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, and electroluminescence of new conjugated PPV derivatives bearing triphenylamine side‐chain through a vinylene bridge
Authors: Tan Zhan'ao , Tang Rupei , Xi Fu , Li Yongfang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree new conjugated poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives bearing triphenylamine side‐chain through a vinylene bridge, poly(2‐(4′‐(diphenylamino)phenylenevinyl)‐1,4‐phenylene‐vinylene) (DP‐PPV), poly(2‐(3′‐(3″,7″‐dimethyloctyloxy)phenyl)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene‐alt‐2‐(4′‐ (diphenylamino)phenylenevinyl)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (DODP‐PPV), and poly(2‐(4′‐(diphenylamino)phenylenevinyl)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene‐co‐2‐(3′,5′‐bis(3″,7″‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene) (DP‐co‐BD‐PPV), were synthesized according to the Gilch or Wittig method. Among the three polymers, the copolymer DP‐co‐BD‐PPV is soluble in common solvents with good thermal stability with 5% weight loss at temperatures higher than 386°C. The weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index (PDI) of DP‐co‐BD‐PPV were 1.83 × 105 and 2.33, respectively. The single‐layer polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) with the configuration of Indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(4‐styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)/DP‐co‐BD‐PPV/Ca/Al were fabricated. The PLED emitted yellow‐green light with the turn‐on voltage of ca. 4.9 V, the maximum luminance of ca. 990 cd/m2 at 15.8 V, and the maximum electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of 0.22 cd/A. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bismaleimide/carbon nanotube hybrids for potential aerospace application: I. Static and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng , Liang Dan , Ni Miao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo kinds of hybrids based on diallyl bisphenol A modified bismaleimide (BMI‐BA) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or aminated carbon nanotubes (A‐CNTs) were prepared, their static and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated in detail by using impact and flexural measurements as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Results show that these mechanical properties of hybrids greatly depended on the nature (or the functional groups on CNTs) and loading in BMI‐BA matrix of hybrids. For example, the BMI‐BA/A‐CNT hybrid with a desirable amount of A‐CNTs has a higher impact strength than the original BMI‐BA resin, while all BMI‐BA/CNT hybrids have lower impact strength than the original BMI‐BA resin. DMA test shows that all hybrids have somewhat lower storage modulus and glass transition temperature than a pure polymer, which maybe attributed to the fact that both CNTs and A‐CNTs shift the curing peak to a higher temperature range and thus decrease the crosslinking density of networks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialing in color with rare earth metals: facile photoluminescent production of true white light
Authors: Shunmugam Raja , Tew Gregory N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCombining polymeric architectures with metal ions produces hybrid materials with extremely rich properties. We are studying polymers containing terpyridine in the side chain. In this report, the chelation of lanthanide ions, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+ resulted in metal functionalized copolymers that exhibited excellent emission of red, green, and blue light respectively. The polymer architecture easily allows incorporation of all three colors into the material, which leads to the facile production of true white light in solution or the solid state. Quantum efficiencies for the polymer systems were determined. The white light system had an efficiency of 5%. Various combinations of colors were achieved from the basic RBG colors by simply varying the metal ion ratios in the polymer backbone. This easy tuning of the color makes these systems attractive. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Initial testing of cisplatin by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Tajbakhsh Mimi , Houghton Peter J. , Morton Christopher L. , Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Maris John M. , Keir Stephen T. , Wu Jianrong , Reynolds C. Patrick , Smith Malcolm A. , Lock Richard B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundCisplatin is one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of solid tumors in adults and children. Here, we report the activity of cisplatin against the PPTP panels of childhood cancer xenografts.ProceduresCisplatin was evaluated against 23 cell lines, and 40 xenografts representing brain tumors, neuroblastoma, rhabdoid tumors, sarcoma, Wilms tumor, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The IC50 concentration in vitro was determined for 96 hr exposure. Solid tumors were grown subcutaneously in immune‐deficient mice, and tumor dimensions measured weekly. ALL xenografts were inoculated intravenously and the percent human CD45+ cells in the peripheral blood determined weekly. The antitumor activity of cisplatin (7 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally on Days 0 and 21) was evaluated using time to event (EFS T/C), tumor growth delay (tumor volume T/C), and objective response measures.ResultsThe median IC50 concentration in vitro was 0.87 µM (0.24–4.29 µM), and cisplatin exhibited broad range activity. Cisplatin induced significant differences in EFS distributions compared to controls in 20/28 solid tumors and 4/8 ALL models. Objective responses were observed in 7/28 solid tumor models (25%): partial responses in three rhabdomyosarcomas and one Ewing's sarcoma; complete responses in one rhabdoid tumor and the medulloblastoma; and a maintained complete response in one Wilms tumor. No objective responses were observed in the ALL panel.ConclusionsCisplatin exhibits significant antitumor activity against a broad range of solid tumor xenograft models and limited activity against ALL xenografts. This preclinical pattern of activity is generally consistent with cisplatin's clinical activity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:992–1000. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.