bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational redesign of neutral endopeptidase binding to merlin and moesin proteins
Authors: Niv Masha Y. , Iida Katsuyuki , Zheng Rong , Horiguchi Akio , Shen Ruoqian , Nanus David M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNeutral endopeptidase (NEP) is a 90‐ to 110‐kDa cell‐surface peptidase that is normally expressed by numerous tissues but whose expression is lost or reduced in a variety of malignancies. The anti‐tumorigenic function of NEP is mediated not only by its catalytic activity but also through direct protein–protein interactions of its cytosolic region with several binding partners, including Lyn kinase, PTEN, and ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins. We have previously shown that mutation of the K19K20K21 basic cluster in NEPs' cytosolic region to residues QNI disrupts binding to the ERM proteins. Here we show that the ERM‐related protein merlin (NF2) does not bind NEP or its cytosolic region. Using experimental data, threading, and sequence analysis, we predicted the involvement of moesin residues E159Q160 in binding to the NEP cytosolic domain. Mutation of these residues to NL (to mimic the corresponding N159L160 residues in the nonbinder merlin) disrupted moesin binding to NEP. Mutation of residues N159L160Y161K162M163 in merlin to the corresponding moesin residues resulted in NEP binding to merlin. This engineered NEP peptide–merlin interaction was diminished by the QNI mutation in NEP, supporting the role of the NEP basic cluster in binding. We thus identified the region of interaction between NEP and moesin, and engineered merlin into a NEP‐binding protein. These data form the basis for further exploration of the details of NEP‐ERM binding and function.
Aerial electrostatic‐charged sprays for deposition and efficacy against sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) on cotton
Authors: Latheef Mohamed A , Carlton James B , Kirk Ivan W , Hoffmann W Clint 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground: The efficacy of aerial electrostatic‐charged sprays was evaluated for spray deposit characteristics and season‐long control of sweet potato whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci Genn. biotype B (aka B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring), in an irrigated 24 ha cotton field. Treatments included electrostatic‐charged sprays at full and half active ingredient (AI) label rate, uncharged sprays and conventional sprays applied with CP nozzles at full label rate with several different insecticides.Results: Spray droplet size was significantly smaller for electrostatic‐charged sprays than for conventional sprays in top‐ and mid‐canopy locations. The seasonal mean numbers of viable eggs and live large nymphs on cotton treated with electrostatic‐charged sprays were comparable with those on cotton treated with conventional applications. Lethal concentration (LC50) for adults for electrostatic‐charged sprays was comparable with that for conventional sprays.Conclusion: The amenability of electrostatic‐charged sprays to a wide array of pesticides with different chemistries should be a useful tool in combating insect resistance. Results reported here suggest that the potential exists for obtaining increased efficacy against whiteflies using an electrostatic spray charging system, and that additional research will be required to improve charge‐to‐mass (Q/M) ratio in order to increase deposition of pest control materials to the lower surfaces of cotton leaves where the whiteflies reside. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Defining areas and linking geographical data: an example from New Zealand
Authors: Grimes Arthur , Maré David C. , Morten Melanie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper develops a match quality statistic to aid researchers in linking regional data that are available at inconsistent levels of aggregation. The match quality statistic developed in the paper allows researchers to make their own decisions regarding the trade‐off between specificity and completeness when choosing a basis for linking such data. We illustrate this statistic with the example of a New Zealand labour economics research project that required different spatial data to be combined. A program to calculate the match quality statistic, coded as a Stata® ado file, is available on request from the authors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of native silicon oxides on the growth of GaN nanorods on Si(001)
Authors: Hasegawa Shigehiko , Seo Jong‐Uk , Uchida Kanae , Tambo Hiroyuki , Kameoka Hisashi , Ishimaru Manabu , Asahi Hajime 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInfluence of native Si oxides on the growth of GaN nanorods on Si(001) substrates have been investigated. At the initial stage of GaN growth on clean Si(001) substrates at 450 °C, (2x1) reflection high‐energy electron diffraction patterns immediately change into halo patterns, indicating growth of amorphous materials. The cross‐sectional transmission microscopy observation and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurement reveal that there exists an amorphous Six Ny layer at the GaN/Si interface. This provides the evidence that during the initial growth of GaN on clean Si substrates with out native oxides, nitridation of Si takes place to form amorphous Six Ny as well as GaN. The structural properties and surface morphologies of these interfacial layers affect GaN nanorod growth. By contrast, native oxides act as a mask against nitridation of Si substrates. Since plasma‐activated nitrogen mainly reacts with Ga to form GaN, GaN growth always proceeds under a desired N‐rich growth condition. As a result, GaN nanorods are uniformly grown on Si(001) with native oxides. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Discrete luminescence bands in AlGaN‐based quantum wells
Authors: Murotani Hideaki , Yamada Yoichi , Taguchi Tsunemasa , Ishibashi Akihiko , Kawaguchi Yasutoshi , Yokogawa Toshiya 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe excitation‐power‐density dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectra have been studied for AlGaN‐based quantum wells (QWs) with a well‐layer thickness of 2, 4, and 6 nm. With increasing excitation‐power density, an additional luminescence line was observed at the higher energy side of an initial luminescence line for the QWs with the well‐layer thickness of 4 and 6 nm. The additional line also shifted toward higher energy side with further increasing excitation‐power density. It was found from a theoretical calculation of the transition energy under applied electric field that an energy difference between the additional and the initial lines agreed with an energy separation for a well‐layer‐thickness variation of 2 monolayer for each QW. Therefore, these observations indicated that in the QWs with the well‐layer thickness of 4 and 6 nm, the screening of the internal electric field occurred effectively after the saturation of localized states caused by the interface disorder. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared reflectivity spectra of thin porous aluminum oxide films
Authors: Yakovlev Vladimir A. , Vinogradov Evgeny A. , Novikova Nadezhda N. , Mattei Giorgio , Delplancke‐Ogletree Marie‐Paule 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAngular dependencies of infrared (50–7500 cm–1) reflectivity spectra of thin porous aluminum oxide films on aluminum had been measured. These spectra show vibrational bands and strong interference bands allowing film thickness and dielectric function calculation. Angular dependencies of interference bands give thicknesses and refractive indices of the films. The refractive indices decrease and hence the film porosities increase with the thickness. The dispersion analysis of the reflectivity spectra below 2000 cm–1 allows us to obtain the film dielectric functions in the fundamental vibrations region. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Physical adsorption vs. chemical binding of undecylenic acid on porous silicon surface: a comparative study of differently functionalized materials
Authors: Pastor E. , Salonen J. , Lehto V.‐P. , Chirvony V. , Matveeva E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo imply miscibility to porous silicon (PSi) used for biomedical purposes a number of functionalization methods are employed. In order to distinguish between a non‐specific surfactant‐like interaction (physical sorption) and chemical binding of unsaturated chemicals (undecylenic acid, UD) to H‐terminated PSi surface we studied the two differently treated materials. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TGA), BET and FTIR measurements were performed with the PSi powder samples (n+ doped). Changes in surface area, weight loss, calorific effect and chemical composition that accompanied the thermal treatment have shown that the physisorbed UD molecules undergo a chemical process (binding) with the Si‐Hx surface groups at about 150 °C in both, N2 inert atmosphere and in a synthetic air, oxidative atmosphere. Controlled conversion of physically sorbed molecules to the chemically attached ones is discussed with respect to methods of surface modification of PSi materials for increasing their biocompatibility. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Assessing the efficiency of mixed effects modelling in quantifying metabolism based drug–drug interactions: usingin vitrodata as an aid to assess study power
Authors: Johnson Trevor N. , Kerbusch Thomas , Jones Barry , Tucker Geoffrey T. , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin , Milligan Peter A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe clinical assessment of metabolic drug–drug interactions (mDDI) may involve population‐based pharmacokinetic (POPPK) assessment as part of Phase 3 clinical trials. The elements of such POPPK study design have not been linked to prior information fromin vitroexperiments. Usingin vitro–in vivoextrapolation techniques, implemented within Simcyp®algorithms, the influence of POPPK study design (sample size, concentration‐time data points, proportion of the population receiving a concomitant medication (COMED)) was studied in relation to the inhibitory potency of the each COMED. Steady‐state concentrations of a candidate compound (compound X; mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) in the presence and absence of COMEDs (including ketoconazole, fluconazole, quinidine and paroxetine as inhibitors) were analysed using non‐linear mixed effect modelling (NONMEM®). The NONMEM operator was blind to the nature of the COMEDs and the inhibitory effects on model parameters were classified as either statistically (p>0.01 for a change in objective function) or kinetically (COMED effect>2 fold) significant. Using a population study size of 2000, no false‐positive cases were identified and, except in one case, no false‐negative interaction was observed when >2.5% of patients had received an interacting COMED. The findings increase the confidence in the ability of the mixed effects modelling approach to identify ‘true’ interactions. However, they also emphasize the importance of study design and the potential value of using pre‐clinical information fromin vitrostudies. Recent US Food and Drug Administration guidance on mDDI has put more emphasis on the use ofin vitrosystems for detecting and anticipating such effects. Combining these data with the framework of non‐linear mixed effect modelling seems a natural progression in the field of assessing mDDI. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and implementation of a team of robotic tractors for autonomous peat moss harvesting
Authors: Johnson David A. , Naffin David J. , Puhalla Jeffrey S. , Sanchez Julian , Wellington Carl K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper describes the key system components of a team of three tractors in a peat moss harvesting operation. The behavior and actions of the tractors were designed to mimic manual harvest operations while maintaining a safe operating environment. To accomplish this objective, each of the three tractors was equipped with a bolt‐on automation package, and a human operator (team leader) was given a remote user interface to command and monitor the mission. The automation package included positioning, planning, and control, as well as coordination and perception systems to preserve field harvesting order, detect obstacles, and report physical changes in the operating environment. The system performed more than 100 test field harvesting missions during one season in a working peat bog, including three complete system tests with the end users. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conceptions of knowledge in research on students' understanding of the greenhouse effect: Methodological positions and their consequences for representations of knowing
Authors: Jakobsson Anders , Mäkitalo Åsa , Säljö Roger 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMuch of the research on students' understanding of the greenhouse effect and global warming reports poor results. Students are claimed to hold misconceptions and naïve beliefs, and the impact of teaching on their conceptions is also low. In the present study, these results are called into question, and it is argued that they may to a large extent be seen as artifacts of the research methods deployed, in particular when written questionnaires are used. When following students' project work in school over a long period, many of the misunderstandings reported in the literature do not appear. It is argued that the appropriation and use of scientific language when discussing complex socioscientific issues is a gradual process. When observing the language and mediational means students use over time, it is obvious that they are able to identify and use central distinctions in their interactions. They are also able to make productive use of texts and other materials that allow them to successively approximate scientific modes of reasoning. Thus, what students know emerges in communicative practices where they interact with others and with cultural tools in a focused activity. It is argued that students' knowledge of complex multidisciplinary phenomena of this kind may be particularly ill‐suited to conventional questionnaire types of testing. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93:978–995, 2009
Quantitative analysis of saccharides by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Stevens Joanna S. , Schroeder Sven L. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of saccharides, including several monohydrates and one amorphous phase, has been investigated by XPS, providing the first database of survey and high‐resolution spectra for this class of compounds. Known stoichiometries and XPS‐determined elemental compositions agree well. XPS has sufficient precision for distinguishing the stoichiometries of mono‐, di‐, and polysaccharides. The C 1s chemical shifts of the acetal and alcohol groups are similar for all samples, albeit with slight binding energy increases in the series from mono‐ to di‐ and polysaccharides. Increasing X‐ray exposure causes a radiation‐induced increase of the aliphatic hydrocarbon emission at 285 eV, concomitant with the appearance of a high binding energy C 1s emission peak at 289.1 eV and a decrease in the O 1s/C 1s emission intensity ratio. Formation of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups is proposed to arise from dehydroxylation, while the increase in the 289.1 eV peak can be attributed to double dehydroxylation at the C1 position or partial oxidation of an alcohol or acetal group. The rate of radiation damage correlates with previously reported rates of thermally induced caramelization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residence Time Distribution Determination Using On‐Line Digital Image Processing
Authors: Lee Siew Yoong , Hanna Milford A. , Jones David D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA less laborious, and non‐destructive on‐line digital image processing (DIP) technique was developed to measure the residence time distribution (RTD) in an extruder. The a* value of the L* a* b* color space coordinates was measured using DIP and compared to the value obtained by a colorimeter method. The R2 values showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.88) of a* values between both methods. The influence of screw configuration (compression and mixing screws) and barrel temperature (150 and 160ºC) on RTD were analyzed by the mean residence time (MRT) and variance for both methods. Mixing screws and lower temperature resulted in higher MRT and variance for both methods. The DIP method was faster and less subjected to human and experimental errors than traditional off‐line measurements.
Remedial Operation for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Prescott Jason D. , Udelsman Robert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundRemedial surgery for patients with persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (1° HPT) remains a significant challenge. Cervical reexploration is technically difficult; reoperative neck anatomy is distorted by fibrosis and, as a result, remedial 1° HPT patients carry an increased risk of injury to the recurrent (RLN) and superior laryngeal nerve(s) as well as to normal residual parathyroid tissue. Causative hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue is also more frequently ectopic in the remedial setting and can thus be difficult to localize.MethodsThis report assimilates the current data underlying preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative remedial 1° HPT management and presents an evidence‐based algorithm for the management of remedial parathyroid disease. Recommendations are graded according to the quality of supporting data using the system initially developed by Sackett (Chest 95:2S–4S, 1989) and subsequently modified by Heinrich et al. (Ann Surg 243:154–168, 2006).ResultsRecent advances in preoperative localization and intraoperative adjuncts have lead to substantial improvements in outcomes after remedial surgery. Preoperative localization techniques, including sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI), high resolution ultrasound (US), US‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and selective venous sampling (SVS), coupled with intraoperative adjuncts such as the rapid parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay have lead to reoperative cure rates as high as 96 percent. Nonetheless, management of remedial 1° HPT varies significantly between surgeons and no formal recommendations standardizing the care of these patients have been published.ConclusionsDespite the significant challenges associated with remedial surgery for 1° HPT, excellent outcomes can be reproducibly achieved when proper pre‐, intra‐, and postoperative management is employed.
New music in the Office of Thomas Becket from the Diocese of Trier
Authors: Joubert Estelle 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis article examines aspects of variation and transmission in the Office of Thomas Becket in the Diocese of Trier, Germany. Palaeographic evidence suggests that by the mid-fifteenth century, liturgical sources in Trier exhibited numerous transmission errors and disruptions in the modal scheme of the Thomas Office. However, a subset of late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century manuscripts from St Florin and St Castor in Koblenz displays efforts to restore the theoretical modal scheme of the Office by composing new melodies for four items; the uniqueness of these items has been confirmed with the assistance of a large-scale electronic project cataloguing the Office of Thomas Becket across Europe, headed by Andrew Hughes at the University of Toronto. The present study provides a detailed melodic and modal analysis of the four newly composed items: the invitatory, Adsunt Thome martyris; the fourth responsory for Matins, Post sex annos; the ninth responsory for Matins, Iesu bone per Thome; and the fourth antiphon for Lauds, Ad Thome memoriam. Numerous melodic allusions to the Office of St Gorgonius – a martyr also venerated in Koblenz from the turn of the fifteenth century – have been uncovered in the four newly composed items. The re-ordering of the modal schemes of the Thomas Office and the colourful array of musical and theological echoes and allusions between the Becket and Gorgonius Offices suggests a desire to establish, reflect and cultivate a local liturgical identity within the community in Koblenz.
A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Fe-Co Alloy Nanoparticles in Silica Aerogel Matrix Using HREM, EDX, and EELS
Authors: Falqui Andrea , Corrias Anna , Gass Mhairi , Mountjoy Gavin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMagnetic nanocomposite materials consisting of 5.5 wt% Fe-Co alloy nanoparticles in a silica aerogel matrix, with compositions FexCo1−x of x = 0.50 and 0.67, have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show nanoparticles consisting of single crystal grains of body-centered cubic Fe-Co alloy, with typical crystal grain diameters of approximately 4 and 7 nm for Fe0.5Co0.5 and Fe0.67Co0.33 samples, respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra summed over areas of the samples gave compositions FexCo1−x with x = 0.48 ± 0.06 and 0.68 ± 0.05. The EDX spectra obtained with the 1.5 nm probe positioned at the centers of ∼20 nanoparticles gave slightly lower concentrations of Fe, with means of ⟨x⟩ = 0.43 ± 0.01 and ⟨x⟩ = 0.64 ± 0.02, respectively. The Fe0.5Co0.5 sample was studied using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and EELS spectra summed over whole nanoparticles gave x = 0.47 ± 0.06. The EELS spectra from analysis profiles of nanoparticles show a distribution of Fe and Co that is homogeneous, i.e., x = 0.5, within a precision of at best ±0.05 in x and ±0.4 nm in position. The present microscopy results have not shown the presence of a thin layer of iron oxide, but this might be at the limit of detectability of the methods.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy of 330 Million Year Old Charcoalified Seed Fern Fertile Organs
Authors: Scott Andrew C. , Galtier Jean , Gostling Neil J. , Smith Selena Y. , Collinson Margaret E. , Stampanoni Marco , Marone Federica , Donoghue Philip C.J. , Bengtson Stefan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAbundant charcoalified seed fern (pteridosperm) pollen organs and ovules have been recovered from Late Viséan (Mississippian 330 Ma) limestones from Kingswood, Fife, Scotland. To overcome limitations of data collection from these tiny, sometimes unique, fossils, we have combined low vacuum scanning electron microscopy on uncoated specimens with backscatter detector and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy utilizing the Materials Science and TOMCAT beamlines at the Swiss Light Source of the Paul Scherrer Institut. In combination these techniques improve upon traditional cellulose acetate peel sectioning because they enable study of external morphology and internal anatomy in multiple planes of section on a single specimen that is retained intact. The pollen organMelissiothecashows a basal parenchymatous cushion bearing more than 100 sporangia on the distal face. Digital sections show the occurrence of pollen in some sporangia. The described ovule is new and has eight integumentary lobes that are covered in spirally arranged glandular hairs. Virtual longitudinal sections reveal the lobes are free above the pollen chamber. Results are applied in taxonomy and will subsequently contribute to our understanding of the former diversity and evolution of ovules, seeds, and pollen organs in the seed ferns, the first seed-bearing plants to conquer the land.