bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite cover method with multi‐cover layers for the analysis of evolving discontinuities in heterogeneous media
Authors: Kurumatani Mao , Terada Kenjiro 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe extend the finite cover method (FCM), which is known as a generalized finite element method, to crack simulations for quasi‐brittle heterogeneous solids by using only a regular structured mathematical mesh. The proposed version of the FCM is powered by a method of modeling arbitrary numbers of physical cover layers. This ‘multi‐cover layer modeling’ relies crucially on not only the introduction of multiple layers of physical covers, each of which is associated with a single physical domain, but also the identification of the values of level‐set functions for discontinuities, which can be evaluated from their digital image information. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the successful mesh‐based mesh‐free analyses of heterogeneous solids with arbitrarily evolving cracks and interfacial debonding thanks to the introduction of multiple cover layers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An advancing front technique for filling space with arbitrary separated objects
Authors: Löhner Rainald , Oñate Eugenio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn advancing front technique for filling space with arbitrary, separated objects has been developed. The input required consists of the specification of the desired object type, the mean object size, the distance between objects in space, as well as an initial triangulation of the surface. The objects are assumed to be described by a coarse mesh of tetrahedra. One face at a time is removed from the active front, and, if possible, surrounded by admissible new objects. This operation is repeated until no active faces are left. Two techniques to obtain maximum packing are discussed: closest object placement (during generation) and move/enlarge (after generation). Several examples are included that demonstrate the capabilities of the technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The particular solutions for thin plates resting on Pasternak foundations under arbitrary loadings
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Cheng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAnalytical particular solutions of splines and monomials are obtained for problems of thin plate resting on Pasternak foundation under arbitrary loadings, which are governed by a fourth‐order partial differential equation (PDEs). These analytical particular solutions are valuable when the arbitrary loadings are approximated by augmented polyharmonic splines (APS) constructed by splines and monomials. In our derivations, the real coefficient operator in the governing equation is decomposed into two complex coefficient operators whose particular solutions are known in literature. Then, we use the difference trick to recover the analytical particular solutions of the original operator. In addition, we show that the derived particular solution of spline with its first few directional derivatives are bounded as r → 0. This solution procedure may have the potential in obtaining analytical particular solutions of higher order PDEs constructed by products of Helmholtz‐type operators. Furthermore, we demonstrate the usages of these analytical particular solutions by few numerical cases in which the homogeneous solutions are complementarily solved by the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
An investigation of the electrochemical performance of polyaniline coated LiFePO4 materials
Authors: Lei Gangtie , Yi Xiaohua , Wang Lei , Li Zhaohui , Zhou Ji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of polyaniline‐LiFePO4 (PAn‐LiFePO4) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Electrochemical impedance measurements showed that the polyaniline significantly decreased the charge‐transfer resistance of LiFePO4 electrodes. Charge–discharge properties of composites as cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries were studied. The results indicated that PAn‐LiFePO4 composites had higher discharge capacity and better cycling property. The PAn‐LiFePO4 composite with 25 wt% polyaniline showed the best electrochemical performance. Its first specific discharge capacity was 140.3 mAh/g at 0.1 C and its specific discharge capacity was 118.7 mAh/g after 50 cycles at 1 C. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warpage–crystallinity relations in rotational molding of polypropylene
Authors: Glomsaker T. , Hinrichsen E.L. , Larsen Å. , Doshev P. , Ommundsen E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe authors present a study of the crystalline properties of selected series of polypropylene (PP) materials in relation to their warpage at conditions relevant for rotational molding. The PP materials have different crystallization temperatures and kinetics. The authors study the crystalline features of the materials using hot‐press experiments and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the DSC, the authors do constant cooling rate runs as well as isothermal crystallization and subsequent heating. A multimode crystallization kinetics model was fitted to the DSC cooling runs. Regression analysis was done to relate the results from the crystallization experiments to warpage. The derived empirical model shows that the crystallization temperature, crystallization half‐time, and heat of fusion are the most significant parameters influencing warpage. Materials with warpage deviating from the model average are discussed taking aspects of the multimode kinetics into account. The present work could represent a basic platform for understanding and predicting the warpage during rotational molding process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Deleterious effects of psychotherapy and counseling in the schools
Authors: Nicholson Heather , Foote Catherine , Grigerick Sarah 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProviding individual and group counseling has become an identified role for school psychologists working in the school setting. There is an extensive research base that highlights positive outcomes and supports the use of a variety of counseling methods when working with children and adolescents. However, there may exist a host of other outcomes, including deleterious effects, when counseling school‐age children and adolescents. This article looks to identify and summarize some of the possible deleterious effects in school‐based counseling across a variety of disorders and to make school psychologists cognizant of possible negative outcomes when designing and implementing treatment plans. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preventing boys' problems in schools through psychoeducational programming: A call to action
Authors: O'Neil James M. , Luján Melissa L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractControversy currently exists on whether boys are in crises and, if so, what to do about it. Research is reviewed that indicates that boys have problems that affect their emotional and interpersonal functioning. Psychoeducational and preventive programs for boys are recommended as a call to action in schools. Thematic areas for boys' programming are enumerated including life skills and issues with masculinity ideology and gender role conflict. An example of a program that promotes positive and affirmative masculinity is given. Some of the barriers and strategies to implement programs for boys are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modified female calling behaviour in Cry1Ac‐resistant Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Zhao Xin C , Wu Kong M , liang Ge M , Guo Yu Y 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The resistance risk in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to transgenic cotton that expresses Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has raised concerns about the sustainable deployment of Bt cotton. Mating behaviour between resistant and susceptible individuals is an important factor that affects resistance evolution of the insect. The female calling behaviours of the Cry1Ac‐resistant strain and its susceptible control were compared in the laboratory to understand the difference in mating biology.RESULTS: The proportion of females of the resistant strain calling was significantly reduced by 14%, and the age of the calling peak was delayed by 1 night compared with that of the susceptible strain. During the scotophase, females of the resistant strain started calling more than 100 min later on nights 3 to 7, and spent 30–100 min less time on nights 2 to 7 than the susceptible females. The onset time of calling advanced and the time spent calling increased as a function of age in both susceptible and resistant strains.CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is a fitness cost in terms of the female calling behaviour of the resistant strain. The lower proportion of females of the resistant strain showing calling behaviour could reduce the mating frequency of the resistant strain. The delayed onset time of calling in the resistant strain could reduce its mating time, and a reduction in the time spent calling could reduce the attractiveness of resistant females; this could also reduce the mating frequency of the resistant strain. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface‐applied insecticide treatments for quarantine control of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), larvae in field‐grown nursery plants
Authors: Oliver Jason B , Reding Michael E , Youssef Nadeer N , Klein Michael G , Bishop Bert L , Lewis Phil A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, are a quarantine challenge for nursery shipments from infested to non‐infested states. Marathon (imidacloprid) and Discus (imidacloprid + cyfluthrin) are approved preharvest nursery treatments (US Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan; DJHP). This study evaluated approved and non‐approved (acephate, carbaryl, clothianidin, dinotefuran, halofenozide, thiamethoxam, trichlorfon) preharvest treatments, optimal rates (labeled 1×, 0.3–0.75× or 2–3×) and optimal timings (June, July, August and September) to control early‐instar (grubs) P. japonica in field nurseries.RESULTS: Most insecticides effectively reduced grub densities, except for acephate, carbaryl and trichlorfon. Clothianidin, thiamethoxam and halofenozide provided grub control equivalent to DJHP standards during most years. Across all test years and timings, percentage grub reductions were: Marathon (1×: 59.2–100; 3×: 78.9–100), Discus (1×: 60.7–100), clothianidin (1×: 96.1–100; 3×: 97.4–100), thiamethoxam (1×: 75.0–100; 3×: 80.0–100), halofenozide (1×: 70.0–100; 3×: 90.0–100) and dinotefuran (1×: 13.2–88.2; 3×: 71.1–93.4).CONCLUSIONS: July application was more consistent and effective than other timings, and higher rates (2× and 3×) did not generally improve grub control. Overall, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and halofenozide (and dinotefuran applied in August) were equivalent to current DJHP standards. These insecticides may be suitable for DJHP Category 2 states, potentially lowering grower costs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Anticoagulant resistance: a relevant issue in sewer rat (Rattus norvegicus) control?
Authors: Heiberg Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The majority of rat problems in cities are thought to be related to defective sewers, and the use of anticoagulant rodenticides in such places is often implemented as part of regular urban rodent control. Knowledge pertaining to the resistance status of sewer rat populations is non‐existent, which may be leading to control problems in cities. It has become crucial to provide knowledge on the prevalence of resistance and how different control strategies have affected its prevalence among sewer rat populations. The prevalence of resistance was investigated in six sewer locations in Copenhagen and its suburban area by means of the blood clotting response (BCR) test and amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR) analysis, and by additional sequencing of the VKORC1 gene. The sewer locations were chosen to represent three different control strategies: (i) no anticoagulant use for approximately 20 years; (ii) no anticoagulant use for the last 5 years; (iii) continuous use for several decades up to the present.RESULTS: A low level of anticoagulant resistance was found in the sewers regardless of control strategy. Surprisingly, none of the rats, including the resistant rats, had resistance‐related mutations in the VKORC1 gene.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the genetic background of anticoagulant resistance may have to be redefined in respect of resistance‐related changes in the VKORC1 gene. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioassay‐guided fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalisL.) using anin vitromeasure of GABA transaminase activity
Authors: Awad Rosalie , Muhammad Asim , Durst Tony , Trudeau Vance L. , Arnason John T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel pharmacological mechanism of action for the anxiolytic botanicalMelissa officinalisL. (lemon balm) is reported. The methanol extract was identified as a potentin vitroinhibitor of rat brain GABA transaminase (GABA‐T), an enzyme target in the therapy of anxiety, epilepsy and related neurological disorders. Bioassay‐guided fractionation led to the identification and isolation of rosmarinic acid (RA) and the triterpenoids, ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) as active principles. Phytochemical characterization of the crude extract determined RA as the major compound responsible for activity (40% inhibition at 100 µg/mL) since it represented approximately 1.5% of the dry mass of the leaves. Synergistic effects may also play a role. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardioprotective effect of sasanquasaponin preconditioning via bradykinin‐NO pathway in isolated rat heart
Authors: Liao Zhangping , Yin Dong , Wang Wufeng , Zeng Guohua , Liu Dan , Chen Heping , Huang Qiren , He Ming 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSasanquasaponin (SQS) is an effective component of Camellia oleifera Abel. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of SQS against ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury and the possible mechanism in isolated rat hearts. These hearts were pretreated by SQS only or SQS and HOE140 in different groups, and then subjected to I/R injury. Hemodynamic parameters, oxidative injury, and NO level were measured. The results showed that SQS preconditioning could decrease the incidences of arrhythmias and improve the heart functions. In addition, SQS preconditioning could protect isolated I/R injured heart against lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by increases in SOD and GSH‐Px activity, and by decreases in contents of MDA, ROS generation. However, HOE140 treatment reversed all these indexes. NO production was significantly decreased after a treatment with HOE140. So we can propose that SQS preconditioning could induce the cardioprotective effects and the possible mechanism was that the activation of bradykinin‐NO system by SQS preconditioning had an inhibition effect on ROS generation in isolated heart. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnolol enhances pentobarbital‐induced sleeping behaviors: possible involvement of GABAergic systems
Authors: Ma Hong , Kim Chung‐Soo , Ma Yuan , Nam Sang‐Yoon , Kim Dong‐Seon , Woo Sung‐Sick , Hong Jin‐Tae , Oh Ki‐Wan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study was performed to investigate whether magnolol enhances pentobarbital‐induced sleeping behaviors through the GABAergic systems. Magnolol prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, magnolol increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. The expression of the GABAA receptor α‐subunit was increased selectively by magnolol, but magnolol had no effect on the abundance of β‐ or γ‐subunits. The expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was not influenced by magnolol. It is suggested that magnolol may enhance pentobarbital‐induced sleeping behaviors through the activation of GABAergic systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on aggressiveness induced by intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid β protein into mice
Authors: Sekiguchi Kyoji , Yamaguchi Takuji , Tabuchi Masahiro , Ikarashi Yasushi , Kase Yoshio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effects of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on aggressiveness and motor activities were examined in mice after injection of amyloid β protein (Aβ) into the lateral ventricle of the brain. The results were compared with those of conventional (haloperidol) and atypical (risperidone) antipsychotic medicines. A significant increase in aggressiveness was observed on day 7 after injection of Aβ, and it lasted until day 28. A single oral administration of yokukansan (1.0 g/kg) did not ameliorate the aggressiveness observed on day 7. However, a tendency toward amelioration of the aggressiveness was observed after the administration of yokukansan (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) for 1 week (days 7–14). The 3 week administration (days 7–28) of yokukansan significantly ameliorated the aggressiveness in a dose‐dependent manner without inhibition of motor activity. In contrast, a single administration of intraperitoneal haloperidol (0.03–0.1 mg/kg) or oral risperidone (0.1–0.3 mg/kg) on day 28 significantly reduced aggressiveness in a dose‐dependent manner. However, motor activities were significantly suppressed. These results suggest yokukansan reduces aggressiveness without suppressing physical activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemometric Analysis of the Gelatinization and Pasting Properties of Long‐grain Rice Starches in Relation to Fine Structure
Authors: Patindol James , Gu Xiaofang , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemometric tests were carried out to better understand the multidimensional facet of starch fine structure‐relationship concerning gelatinization and pasting properties. With Ward's hierarchical cluster analysis 20 long‐grain rice starch samples were sorted out into three clusters based on similarities in functional properties, particularly, paste peak (PV) and final viscosity (FV). The three clusters (arbitrarily named Clusters A, B, and C) exhibited a pasting profile trend of PV<FV, PV˜FV, and PV>FV, respectively. Cluster A samples were also lower in peak temperature, range and enthalpy of gelatinization, and swelling power. These attributes were associated with higher amylose content (AM), β‐amylolysis limit, and percentage of B1 chains (DP13‐24), but lower amylopectin weight‐average molar mass (Mw) and percentage of A chains (DP6‐12). A 5‐variable linear discriminant function correctly predicted 85% of the Ward's cluster membership of the individual cultivars. The discriminant function included the variables A, B1, and B2 (DP25‐36) chains, average chain length (ACL), and gyration radius (Rz). Fine structure variance was fully explained by a total of nine principal components, with the first three components cumulatively accounting for 74%. The leading variables included in the three rotated components pertained to amylopectin chain length distribution (A, B2, and B3+ or DP≥37 chains, and ACL) and amylopectin molar mass (Mw, Rz, and polydispersity). AM and Mw were loaded most frequently in the 4‐variable, best‐fit linear regression models for predicting gelatinization and pasting properties. A combination of at least two fine structure variables controls the functionality of rice starch.
Screening of Starch Quality Traits in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Sánchez Teresa , Salcedo Enna , Ceballos Hernán , Dufour Dominique , Mafla Graciela , Morante Nelson , Calle Fernando , Pérez Juan C. , Debouck Daniel , Jaramillo Gustavo , Moreno Isabel Ximena 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important sources of starch in the tropics. There is limited and contradictory information regarding cassava starch characteristics. The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) holds in trust FAO's cassava germplasm collection. Starches from 3272 landraces (including 12 wild relatives) and 772 improved clones were extracted and analyzed over a period of several years. In most cases only one starch sample per genotype was analyzed. Average cyanogenic potential was 327 ppm but considerably higher in the landraces (340 ppm) than in improved clones (267 ppm). Average total and reducing sugars were slightly higher in improved clones (4.06 and 1.56%, respectively) than in landraces (3.68 and 1.25%, respectively). Amylose content was similar in both types of germplasm with an average of 20.7%. Average pasting temperature was 65.3°C. Maximum viscosity was 777.5 mPa s, breakdown was 298.1 mPa s, consistency was 155.8 mPa s and setback was ‐144.5 mPa s. The large sample of starches analyzed provides very robust information regarding the actual characteristics of cassava starch.
Cadmium‐induced infertility in male mice
Authors: Monsefi Malihezaman , Alaee Sanaz , Moradshahi Ali , Rohani Lahya 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe effects of cadmium in a concentration similar to that found in Maharloo Lake (Shiraz, Iran) on male reproductive system was studied in adult Balb/c male mice that received 0, 23, and 50 mg/kg of cadmium chloride in 0.5 mL distilled water for 45 days. Sperm count and motility, sperm nuclear maturity and chromatin structure tests were carried out. Testis of each mouse was examined histologically. The treated male mice were mated with females. Prostatic and nonprostatic acid phosphatase activity in blood serum, testis, and prostate, lipid peroxidation and cadmium accumulation in testis, seminal vesicle, and middle 1/3 of the quadericeps femoris muscle were measured. The sperm count, sperm motility, sperm maturity, and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in the high dose adminstered group. Histological studies showed a severe necrosis and atrophy in the testis of high dose group, consequently, there was no successful mating in some groups. The number of newborns and their weights and crown rump lengths reduced. Cadmium accumulation in testis and middle of the quadriceps femoris muscle was significantly higher in animals receiving 50 mg/kg cadmium chloride. Nonprostatic acid phosphatase activity decreased, whereas prostatic acid phosphatase activity increased significantly in serum of animals receiving 50 mg/kg cadmium chloride. Also prostatic acid phosphatase activity decreased significantly in prostate of animals receiving 50 mg/kg cadmium chloride. Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in testis of animals treated with 50 mg/kg cadmium chloride compared with control group. Cadmium affects male reproductive system activity and can cause infertility in mice as an animal model. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2010.