bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophilic zeolite coatings for improved heat transfer: A quantitative analysis
Authors: Liu Jie , Aguilar Guillermo , Munoz Ronnie , Yan Yushan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe wetting diameter and life time of a water droplet on the surface of a bare, ZSM‐5 coated, and Zeolite‐A coated stainless steel 304 substrate at different initial surface temperatures was experimentally studied. ZSM‐5 and Zeolite‐A coated SS‐304 are more much more hydrophilic than bare stainless steel 304 as reflected by their contact angles (27° and 0° vs. 90°). The ZSM‐5 and Zeolite‐A coatings significantly outperformed the bare SS‐304 by decreasing the droplet life time, increasing the heat flux and increasing the heat transfer coefficient at all initial surface temperatures studied. At the highest surface temperature studied, T0 = 200°C, ZSM‐5, and Zeolite‐A coatings are shown to increase the maximum heat flux on bare SS‐304 by as much as 106% and 72%, respectively. At this temperature, the maximum heat transfer coefficients on ZSM‐5 and Zeolite‐A coatings are improved by 470% and 530% over the bare SS‐304, respectively. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Teaching undergraduate research
Authors: Henderson LaRhee , Buising Charisse , Wall Piper 
Published: January 2008

AbstractUndergraduate research in the biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology program at Drake University uses apprenticeship, cooperative‐style learning, and peer mentoring in a cross‐disciplinary and cross‐community educational program. We call it the one‐room schoolhouse approach to teaching undergraduate research. This approach is cost effective, aids learning, supports the development of science and transferable management skills, is productive, and supports diversity. It allows a small set of faculty to involve large numbers of students in research and maintain a productive scholarship program. It provides students with skills in scientific research and transferable skills that they apply to a wide set of careers.
A birth‐to‐death view of mRNA from the RNA recognition motif perspective
Authors: Kinzy Terri Goss , De Stefano Lauren A. , Esposito Anthony M. , Hurley Jennifer M. , Roy Rohini , Valentin‐Acevedo Anibal J. , Chang Kai‐Hsiung , Davila Jonathan , Defren Jennifer M. , Donovan Jesse , Irizarry‐Barreto Patricia , Soto Anibal , Ysla Riza M. , Copeland H. Liesel , Copeland Paul R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRNA binding proteins are a large and varied group of factors that are the driving force behind post‐transcriptional gene regulation. By analogy with transcription factors, RNA binding proteins bind to various regions of the mRNAs that they regulate, usually upstream or downstream from the coding region, and modulate one of the five major processes in mRNA metabolism: splicing, polyadenylation, export, translation and decay. The most abundant RNA binding protein domain is called the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM)1. It is probably safe to say that an RRM‐containing protein is making some contact with an mRNA throughout its existence. The transcriptional counterpart would likely be the histones, yet the multitude of specific functions that are results of RRM based interactions belies the universality of the motif. This complex and diverse application of a single protein motif was used as the basis to develop an advanced graduate level seminar course in RNA:protein interactions. The course, utilizing a learner‐centered empowerment model, was developed to dissect each step in RNA metabolism from the perspective of an RRM containing protein. This provided a framework to discuss the development of specificity for the RRM for each required process.
Child sexual abuse: from prevention to self‐protection
Authors: Kenny Maureen C. , Capri Vjolca , R. Reena , Thakkar‐Kolar  , Ryan Erika E. , Runyon Melissa K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere are a growing number of child abuse prevention and education programmes, including primarily group‐based parent and child education, which are taught by teachers within the school system. This article reviews some of the existing sexual abuse education and/or body safety programmes, as well as the research surrounding them. Advantages as well as criticisms of such programmes are reviewed. Issues such as target populations (i.e. children, teachers, parents), programme components and methodological limitations are addressed. Major findings include: children as young as three can be effectively taught self‐protection skills, parental and family involvement in training is important, and repeated exposure helps children maintain knowledge gains. The components of successful programmes include teaching children to identify and resist inappropriate touching, reassuring children that it is not their fault and learning the proper names of their genitals. Finally, future directions for programme development, research and policy are explored. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Ozone Production as an Environmentally Friendly Technology for Water Treatment
Authors: Franco Débora V. , Jardim Wilson F. , Boodts Julien F. C. , Da Silva Leonardo M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPerspectives, advances and environmental aspects concerning electrochemical ozone production applied to water purification are presented and discussed in relation to the conventional corona process (silent electric discharge). Ozone generated using a laboratory‐made electrochemical reactor was applied for the discoloration/degradation of dyes used in the Brazilian textile industry and for degradation of endocrine disruptors. A constant ozone load of 0.35 ± 0.02 g/h was used throughout. The study, concerning color removal from dye solutions, revealed that total discoloration is rapidly achieved. The degradation rate of the textile dyes evaluated by TOC is little affected by the dye composition and considerably influenced by the pH and ozonation time. Analysis of the COD/TOC‐ratio indicates that ozonation increases oxidation feasibility of the organic matter (dye by‐products) when compared to the original compounds. Ozonation of mixed aqueous solutions containing different endocrine disruptors revealed these compounds are totally degraded with a very high removal rate.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of tachykinin NK2 receptors in chemically defined human colonic neuronal pathways
Authors: Jaafari Nadia , Khomitch‐Baud Alexandra , Gilhodes Jean‐Claude , Hua Guoqiang , Julé Yvon 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe involvement of NK2 receptors (NK2r) in the neuroregulation of human colonic motility has been mainly assessed by using pharmacological approaches. The aim of this study was to characterize the intramural neurons and nerve varicosities expressing NK2r in human colonic neuronal pathways. Neuronal coding in the myenteric plexus and external muscle layers was identified on the basis of the patterns of colocalization of tachykinins (TK), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) with NK2r immunoreactivity. The proportions of chemically defined synaptophysin‐immunoreactive nerve varicosities were accurately determined by using specific software. NK2r immunoreactivity was detected in the soma of many myenteric neurons (71.8%). A large proportion of these neurons was immunoreactive to VAChT (39.3%), TK (30%), and GAD (23.5%) and, to a lesser extent, to NOS and VIP. The proportions of nerve varicosities expressing NK2r showed significant regional differences: the highest proportion (59.8%) was located in the myenteric plexus. High proportions of the myenteric nerve varicosities expressing NK2r were immunoreactive to VIP (80.9%) and NOS (77.9%), and lower proportions were recorded with VAChT, TK, and GAD. In the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, the proportions of nerve varicosities expressing NK2r were 49.6% and 45.3%, respectively. The chemically defined intramuscular varicosities were closely apposed to smooth muscle cells expressing NK2r. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study, in which the expression of NK2r was mapped in the human colonic neuronal pathways, confirm that these receptors are involved in the neuroneuronal and neuromuscular processes regulating human colonic motility. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1542–1558, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isthmotectal axons maintain normal arbor size but fail to support normal branch numbers in dark‐reared Xenopus laevis
Authors: Udin Susan B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDeveloping binocular projections to the Xenopus tectum require visual input in order to establish matching topographic maps. In dark‐reared Xenopus, the ipsilateral eye's map, relayed via the retino‐tecto‐isthmotectal pathway, fails initially to acquire normal rostrocaudal order. Moreover, with extended time in the dark, the ipsilateral map becomes progressively less well organized. This phenomenon showed that without binocular cues, the isthmotectal axons are unable to locate proper sites for their terminal zones but left open the issue of whether the axons are able to establish arbors of normal dimensions and/or to sustain normal numbers of branches. In order to test whether dark‐rearing modifies isthmotectal axon branching, we have used horseradish peroxidase to examine axons of Xenopus after dark‐rearing for periods from 3 to 298 weeks. The results demonstrate that these axons never acquire more than about half the normal numbers of terminals. Surprisingly, however, the dark‐reared axons' terminal zones are normal in mediolateral and rostrocaudal extent despite the lack of binocular cues that normally could constrain arbor size by inducing pruning of branches in regions with mismatched visual inputs. The effects of dark‐rearing are reversible. After a return to normal lighting conditions, the recovery process begins quickly, with a significant increase in branch numbers within 4 weeks. The terminal zone remains of normal dimensions. These results support the hypothesis that correlated binocular visual input is essential for the maintenance of normal numbers of isthmotectal branches but that normal termination zone size can be established in the absence of visual cues. J. Comp. Neurol. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1559–1570, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the number of reliable finite‐element eigenmodes
Authors: Givoli Dan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe finite‐element (FE) approximation of linear elliptic eigenvalue problems is considered. An analysis based on a number of known estimates leads to the simple formula M=r0εd/(2p)N relating the total number of degrees of freedom N, the maximum relative error level ε desired for the eigenvalues, and the number of ‘reliable’ modes M. (Here d is the spatial dimension and p is the polynomial degree of the FE space.) Moreover, a rough estimate for the numerical value of the constant r0 for a given application is found. This result supports a well‐known rule of thumb. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aqueous enzymatic oil extraction from Irvingia gabonensis seed kernels
Authors: Womeni Hilaire Macaire , Ndjouenkeu Robert , Kapseu César , Mbiapo Félicité Tchouanguep , Parmentier Michel , Fanni Jacques 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to extract the fat from Irvingia gabonensis kernels without using organic solvent but by using the enzyme aqueous oil extraction process. The aqueous dispersion of kernel flour of bush mango was treated with a protease (Alcalase®), a pectinase (Pectinex®) and a mixture of cell wall‐degrading enzymes (Viscozyme®) before centrifugation. The yield of oil extracted was calculated in comparison with the chemical extraction method using hexane as solvent. A central composite experimental design was used for the determination of optimized conditions. The results showed that aqueous extraction without enzyme allows recovering 27.4% of the kernel oil. When Alcalase, Pectinex and Viscozyme were added separately, the oil yields were 35.0, 42.2 and 68.0%, respectively. Optimized conditions for Viscozyme resulted in a model of oil yield with a high coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.94). These conditions were the following: kernel‐to‐water ratio 0.11–0.19, concentration of enzyme 1.4–2.0%, and time of incubation 14–18 h. Confirmation of the model led to 83.0% oil yield after treatment of the kernel flour at a kernel‐to‐water ratio of 0.16, using 2% Viscozyme for 18 h. Under the same conditions, followed by addition of 1% Alcalase for 2 h, the yield was 90.0%.
Electrochemistry of Cytochrome P450 2B6 on Electrodes Modified with Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Platin Components
Authors: Peng Lei , Yang Xiaodi , Zhang Qianqian , Liu Songqin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe direct electrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior of the immobilized cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) on zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2) was investigated. The film of nano‐structured ZrO2that incorporated cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) with colloidal paltin, which was stabilized by poly‐lysine (Pt‐PLL), was prepared on glassy carbon electrodes. In anaerobic solutions, the immobilized CYP2B6 exhibited a reversible electron transfer between the heme electroactive center of CYP2B6 and electrodes with a formal potential of −(0.449±0.004) V at pH 7.4. In air‐saturated solutions, an increased bioelectrocatalytic reduction current could be obtained with the CYP2B6‐modified electrode with the addition of anticancer drugs, such as lidocaine. This leads to the construction of disposable biosensors for drugs by utilizing the electrochemical activity and catalytic reactions of the immobilized CYP2B6.
Can forecasting performance be improved by considering the steady state? An application to Swedish inflation and interest rate
Authors: Österholm Pär 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates whether the forecasting performance of Bayesian autoregressive and vector autoregressive models can be improved by incorporating prior beliefs on the steady state of the time series in the system. Traditional methodology is compared to the new framework—in which a mean‐adjusted form of the models is employed—by estimating the models on Swedish inflation and interest rate data from 1980 to 2004. Results show that the out‐of‐sample forecasting ability of the models is practically unchanged for inflation but significantly improved for the interest rate when informative prior distributions on the steady state are provided. The findings in this paper imply that this new methodology could be useful since it allows us to sharpen our forecasts in the presence of potential pitfalls such as near unit root processes and structural breaks, in particular when relying on small samples.  Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secondary Metabolites from the Fungus Chaetomium brasiliense
Authors: Li Guo‐You , Li Bo‐Gang , Yang Tao , Liu Guang‐Ye , Zhang Guo‐Lin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo new depsidones, mollicellins I and J (1 and 2, resp.), and a new chromone, 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐6‐methylmethyleugenin (3), along with six known compounds, 4–9, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid‐state fermented culture of Chaetomium brasiliense. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis. Mollicellins I and H (5) exhibited significant growth inhibitory activity against human breast cancer (Bre04), human lung (Lu04), and human neuroma (N04) cell lines with GI50 values between 2.5–8.6 μg/ml.
Three New Thiophene Acetylenes from Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC.
Authors: Liu Hai‐Li , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThree new thiophene‐acetylenes, 7‐chloroarctinone‐b (1), rhapontiynethiophenes A (2) and B (3), along with arctinone‐b (4) were isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Rhaponticum uniflorum (L.) DC. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison with known compounds.
Stilbene Derivatives from Gnetum montanumMarkgr. f. megalocarpumMarkgr.
Authors: Wang Li‐Qin , Zhao You‐Xing , Hu Jiang Miao , Jia Ai‐Qun , Zhou Jun 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThree new stilbene derivatives, gnetumelin A (1), gnetumelin B (2), and gnetumelin C (3), along with the nine known stilbene derivatives 4–12 were isolated from Gnetum montanum Markgr. f. megalocarpum Markgr. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison of the data with reported ones.
A New Monoterpene Glucoside from the Roots of Paeonia lactiflora
Authors: Kim Ju Sun , Yean Min Hye , Lee Joo Young , Kim Yoon Jung , Lee Eun Ju , Lee So Young , Kang Sam Sik 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new monoterpene glucoside, 1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐8‐O‐benzoylpaeonisuffrone (1), was isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora cultivated in Korea, together with two known compounds 1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylpaeonisuffrone and paeonidanin (2). Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
The effects of acute exercise on cognitive functioning and cigarette cravings during temporary abstinence from smoking
Authors: Van Rensburg Kate Janse , Taylor Adrian H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundAbstinence from smoking is associated with increased cravings, risk of accidents and self‐reported poor concentration. A single exercise session can reduce cravings and self‐reported poor concentration and can enhance cognitive performance among non‐smokers.ObjectiveTo assess whether acute exercise impacts on the cognitive performance and cravings of abstaining smokers.MethodsIn a counterbalanced cross‐over design, participants (n = 23) did a 15 min passive or exercise condition, following cigarette abstinence. Cognitive functioning was measured by a computerised version of the Stroop colour‐word interference task. Cravings were measured using the 10‐item, 2‐factor QSU‐Brief and a single item for ‘desire to smoke’. Measures were recorded at baseline, immediately post, 5, 10 and 15‐min post treatment.ResultsA 2‐way ANOVA showed no significant condition × time interaction for cognitive functioning. Significant interaction effects were found for desire to smoke, QSU Factor 1 (desire–behave) and 2 (desire–affect). Exercise reduced cravings for up to 15 min post treatment.DiscussionFindings support previous research that acute exercise reduces cravings to smoke. Future research should determine if exercise can enhance other objective aspects of cognitive performance, and repeat the present study with a more homogeneous sample, in terms of Stroop performance.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that exercise can reduce both factors of the QSU‐Brief, but effects on cognitive functioning were not observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authentication of the 31 species of Toxic and Potent Chinese Materia Medica (T/PCMM) by microscopic technique, part 2: Three species of seed T/PCMM
Authors: Xia Li , Bai Li‐Ping , Chu Chu , Li Ping , Jiang Zhi‐Hong , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractToxic and Potent Chinese Materia Medica (T/PCMM) are being used more and more in the treatment of various diseases. In view of their toxic side effects and to ensure their safe use, accurate and reliable authentication is indispensable. However, identifying characteristics of T/PCMM are seldom reported, even though modern microscopy can provide ample, unique identifying characteristics from cells found in transverse sections and powders. In particular, no systematic authentication studies on seed T/PCMM have been conducted. In the course of our study on 31 T/PCMM originating from plants, animals, minerals, and secreta, an accurate and convenient method, based on microscopic techniques, has been developed and reported for the authentication of animal T/PCMM. The present study deals with detailed investigations on three species of seed T/PCMM, namely Semen Hyoscyami (Hyoscyamus niger L.), Semen Euphorbiae (Euphorbia lathyris L.), and Semen Strychni (Strychnos nux‐vomica L.). The macroscopic characters are here described in detail, and the microscopic characters were conclusively determined by common and polarized light microscopy. Results showed that these three T/PCMM can be easily identified by the present method even when powdered and combined. Thus, the microscopic method is applicable for authentication of the earlier three T/PCMM, and the morphological and microscopic characteristics described here are proposed as parameters to establish the authenticity of these three T/PCMM. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retargeting polymer‐coated adenovirus to the FGF receptor allows productive infection and mediates efficacy in a peritoneal model of human ovarian cancer
Authors: Green Nicola K. , Morrison Joanne , Hale Sarah , Briggs Simon S. , Stevenson Mark , Subr Vladimir , Ulbrich Karel , Chandler Lois , Mautner Vivien , Seymour Leonard W. , Fisher Kerry D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundTransductional targeting of adenovirus following systemic or regional delivery remains one of the most difficult challenges for cancer gene medicine. The numerical excess and anatomical advantage of normal (non‐cancer) cells in vivo demand far greater detargeting than is necessary for studies using single cell populations in vitro, and this must be coupled with efficient retargeting to cancer cells.MethodsAdenovirus (Ad5) particles were coated with reactive poly[N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] copolymers, to achieve detargeting, and retargeting ligands were attached to the coating. Receptor‐mediated infection was characterised in vitro and anticancer efficacy was studied in vivo.ResultsPolymer coating prevented the virus binding any cellular receptors and mediated complete detargeting in vitro and in vivo. These fully detargeted vectors were efficiently retargeted with the model ligand FGF2 to infect FGFR‐positive cells. Specific transduction activity was the same as parental virus, and intracellular routing appeared unaffected. Levels of transduction were up to 100‐fold greater than parental virus on CAR negative cells. This level of specificity permitted good efficacy in intraperitoneal cancer virotherapy, simultaneously decreasing peritoneal adhesions seen with parental virus. Following intravenous delivery FGF2 mediated unexpected binding to erythrocytes, improving circulation kinetics, but preventing the targeted virus from leaving the blood stream.ConclusionsPolymer cloaking enables complete adenovirus detargeting, providing a versatile platform for receptor‐specific retargeting. This approach can efficiently retarget cancer virotherapy in vivo. Ligands should be selected carefully, as non‐specific interactions with non‐target cells (e.g. blood cells) can deplete the pool of therapeutic virus available for targeting disseminated disease. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.