bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Convergent Numerical Algorithm for $$\alpha $$-Dissipative Solutions of the Hunter–Saxton Equation
Authors: Christiansen Thomas , Grunert Katrin , Nordli Anders , Solem Susanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA convergent numerical method for $$\alpha $$
α
-dissipative solutions of the Hunter–Saxton equation is derived. The method is based on applying a tailor-made projection operator to the initial data, and then solving exactly using the generalized method of characteristics. The projection step is the only step that introduces any approximation error. It is therefore crucial that its design ensures not only a good approximation of the initial data, but also that errors due to the energy dissipation at later times remain small. Furthermore, it is shown that the main quantity of interest, the wave profile, converges in $$L^{\infty }$$

L
∞

for all $$t \ge 0$$

t
≥
0

, while a subsequence of the energy density converges weakly for almost every time.
Towards accurate keyspace analysis of chaos-based image ciphers
Authors: Abba Abubakar , Teh Je Sen , Alawida Moatsum 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge in new chaos-based cryptographic algorithms, many of which claim to have unusually large keyspaces. Although cryptographic primitives such as symmetric-key ciphers should have a secret keyspace large enough to resist brute force attacks, simply increasing the size of a secret key may not lead to improved security margins. An n-bit key may not necessarily have a keyspace of $$2^n-1$$

2
n

-
1

due to the key scheduling algorithm or how the key is used. In this paper, we cryptanalyse several chaos-based algorithms from the perspective of their key schedules. Our numerical analysis is based on the known-plaintext attack model, Kerckhoff’s principle and considers the number representations used for real number computation. Our analysis reveals that the actual security margins for these ciphers are significantly lower, some by a factor of over $$2^{100}$$

2
100

than what was claimed. We then provide accurate keyspace estimates for these ciphers. Finally, we highlight alternative solutions for how secret keys can be used in the context of chaos-based cryptography and propose a simple key schedule as a proof of concept. Despite its simplicity, the proposed key schedule not only ensures that the keyspace matches the key length but also passes both the NIST and ENT statistical test suites, making it a viable option for generating secure cryptographic keys. Our work contributes towards addressing one of the fundamental problems in chaos-based cryptography that limits its real-world impact and reputation within the cryptographic community.
The effects of rutin coat on the biodistribution and toxicities of iron oxide nanoparticles in rats
Authors: Mohamed Ehsan Khedre , Fathy Mohamed Mahmoud , Sadek Nehad Ahmed , Eldosoki Doaa Ebrahim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRutin (Ru) is a flavonol glycoside, has significant scavenging characteristics against various reactive oxygen species, which exploits for widespread pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. This study aims to improve the bioavailability of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) by coating them with Ru (Ru-IONPs). Considering this, IONPs and Ru-IONPs were prepared and characterized via various physical techniques. In addition, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has been used to assess the bio-distribution of the prepared formulation in vivo. Results revealed that the prepared IONPs and Ru-IONPs have a spherical shape with an average diameter of about 8 nm and 10 nm, respectively. Their surface potentials were found to be −19 ± 3.9 and −29.5 ± 5.4 mV, respectively. In vivo results revealed that single dose of IV administration of IONPs (16 mg/kg) elevated oxidative stress, indicated by the reduction of GSH in both heart and liver tissues, and increased their MDA contents. Also, IONPs administration resulted in hepatotoxicity characterized by a significant increase in ALT and AST levels in addition to cardiotoxicity characterized by a significant increase in CK-MB and LDH, in addition to the downregulation of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression, while upregulation of TNF-α expression in both heart and liver tissues. Conversely, nearly all of these alterations were significantly ameliorated for animal groups administrated Ru-IONPs and the morphological injury’s counteraction in both heart and liver tissues. Therefore, we suggest that Ru could be used to alleviate the harmful effects and damages associated with IONPs administration due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and free radical scavenging properties.
Stability and Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of A Fractional-Order BAM Neural Network with Two Delays Under Hybrid Control
Authors: Ma Yuan , Lin Yumei , Dai Yunxian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, considering that fractional-order calculus can more accurately describe memory and genetic properties, we introduce fractional integral operators into neural networks and discuss the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a fractional-order bidirectional associate memory (BAM) neural network with two delays. In addition, the hybrid controller is proposed to achieve Hopf bifurcation control of the system. By taking two time delays as the bifurcation parameters and analyzing of the corresponding characteristic equation, stability switching curves of the controllable system for two delays are obtained. The direction of the characteristic root crossing the imaginary axis in stability switching curves is determined. Sufficient criteria are sequentially given to judge the local stability and the existence of Hopf bifurcation of a fractional-order BAM neural network system. The numerical simulation results show that the hybrid controller can effectively control Hopf bifurcation of a fractional-order BAM neural network system with two delays.
The analysis and mapping of an urban planning area in risk and hazard dimensions using earthquake-MASW-VES data: the case of Yenişehir (Bursa), Turkey
Authors: Bayramoğlu Murat , Özel Sevda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study area was defined by geophysical level maps and earthquake parameters. Geophysical measurements were collected from the Mesudiye formation and alluvial units. The seismic Vs–Vp–Vs30, dynamic parameter and electrical resistivity values of the layers were calculated. Vs–Vp–Gmax–σ–Ak and ρ level maps were prepared for depths of 0–5, 5–10, and > 10 m. Seismic Vs30 and groundwater maps were prepared for risk/hazard and liquefaction interpretations, and a risk map was drawn from Ak–Vs30–groundwater maps. In the Mesudiye formation, the average ground amplification value is Ak = 2.21 and according to this value, the danger level is class A and low (Ansal et. all 2004). In alluviums, the average Ak was calculated as 2.51. According to this value, its class is B (medium) and the danger level is medium level. According to the level maps, it was observed that seismic velocities and electrical resistivities increased, and they were compatible with the geological units when passing to the more tight-ground Mesudiye formation from loose-porous-water-saturated alluvial units towards the north and deeper. It was determined that the alluvial grounds with low resistivity (8–30 Ohm m) are moderately corrosive–corrosive; groundwater levels are at ~ 5 m and contain different geological gradations. Therefore, the alluviums were interpreted as a risky area. This interpretation was also proved and supported with the results of the earthquake parameters. It was determined that as the magnitude of the earthquake increased, the probability of a larger earthquake occurred with a longer recurrence year. It was found that the frequency of recurrence of earthquakes with M ≤ 5.5 within 10–50–75–100 years was higher, and M ≥ 6 decreased. For M = 7.4, the average amax = 0.31 g was calculated, and it was determined the liquefaction risk is high hazard, especially in fine-gravel-sandy alluviums (in the south). Therefore, these areas may be more affected by the earthquake.
Revealing the effects of electron beam irradiation on the structural, optical, thermal, and dielectric properties of PVC/Ag2WO4 nanocomposite films
Authors: Abdel Maksoud M. I. A. , Fahim Ramy Amer , Kassem Said M. , Gobara Mohamed , Awed A. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, rod-like shape of Ag2WO4 was synthesized using the co-precipitation approach. These rods were mixed with PVC using the solution casting process to create a PVC/Ag2WO4 nanocomposite film. The effect of exposing the PVC/Ag2WO4 nanocomposite film to varying doses of the electron beam (E-beam) irradiation (0, 25, 50, and 100) kGy on its structural, optical, thermal, electric modulus, complex impedance, and dielectric properties was investigated. XRD results showed that Ag2WO4 has mixed phases. The optical properties have been addressed. The thermal evaluations were performed at three distinct heating rates: 6, 8, and 10 °C/min. In the same context, the thermal activation energy (Ea) of the unirradiated PVC/Ag2WO4 nanocomposite films increased from 12.89 to 31.17 kJ/mol with the increase in E-beam irradiation doses. As a result, E-beam irradiation reduces the values of the real (ɛ′) and imaginary (ε″) components of PVC/Ag2WO4 nanocomposite films. The electric modulus analyses showed that the magnitude of the grain capacitance increased as the E-beam doses increased, while the magnitude of the grain boundary capacitance exhibited a decreasing trend. Meanwhile, a progressive reduction in the diameter of the two semicircular arcs for complex impedance analyses was observed as the doses of E-beam irradiation increase.
Soil nutrient availability and understorey composition beneath plantations of ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizal Chilean native trees
Authors: Lusk C. H. , Godoy R. , Donoso P. J. , Dickie I. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Several lines of evidence indicate that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations can have different effects on soil nutrient dynamics. Some lineages of ECM fungi can extract N from organic matter, with varying impacts on decomposers, soil carbon pools, mineral N availability, and plants that lack ECM. However, these effects are not always observed, and it is not clear how they are mediated by environmental factors.

Methods
We used Plant Root Simulator probes to compare soil availability of a wide range of nutrients beneath replicated 30-yr old plantations of Chilean Nothofagus (ECM) and Cupressaceae (Austrocedrus, Fitzroya: AM) on a lowland temperate site. Probes were buried for two 8-week periods in early spring and late summer. We also compared understorey composition beneath plantations, to test for evidence of different successional trajectories beneath Nothofagus and Cupressaceae.

Results
Soil organic carbon, total N and total phosphorus did not differ significantly between Nothofagus and Cupressaceae stands. Redundancy analysis revealed significant effects of both plantation type (Nothofagus vs. Cupressaceae) and season on overall mineral nutrient availability. Mineral N availability did not differ significantly between Nothofagus and Cupressaceae plots, but pH and calcium availability were significantly lower beneath Nothofagus. Manganese (Mn) was much more available beneath Nothofagus stands, which might reflect abundant Mn-peroxidase, a key enzyme involved in breakdown of lignin by ECM fungi. Understorey composition varied considerably between individual plantations, but did not differ significantly between Nothofagus and Cupressaceae plantations.

Conclusions
Despite an overall effect on the stoichiometry of nutrient availability, we found little evidence of modification of the local N cycle by ECM fungi, or of divergent regeneration patterns beneath AM and ECM plantations. This might reflect the relatively N-rich character of this site, and/or mycorrhizal effects being counteracted by leaf trait differences between Chilean Cupressaceae and Nothofagus species.
Informing Equitable Prevention Practices: A Statewide Disaggregated Analysis of Suicide for Ethnoracially Minoritized Adolescents
Authors: Richardson Sonyia C. , Williams John A. , Vance Michelle M. , Phipps-Bennett Margaret , Stevenson Andre P. , Herbert Rehaana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increase in adolescent suicide rates in the United States is a pervasive public health issue, and ethnoracial youth with diverse identities are disproportionately impacted, yet less studied. National planning efforts reinforce state-level approaches to suicide prevention through an equitable lens to prevent adolescent suicide. This study examined disaggregated state-level data over time to determine changes to suicide outcomes based on race/ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, and the intersection of these identities and determined which sub-groups had higher odds of suicide outcomes. Data from the 1991–2019 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System were analyzed for 17,419 ethnoracially minoritized high school adolescents in North Carolina. Descriptive analyses and multinominal logistic regression models were employed. Findings indicated that subgroups within categories of ethnoracial populations, specifically Black female adolescents unsure of their sexual orientation, reported higher rates of suicide attempts. Additionally, Multiracial adolescents reported higher means for suicide consideration and attempts over time. Recommendations for investigating state-level suicide data by focusing on diverse intersecting identities to illuminate areas for potential prevention efforts and support health equity are provided.
Efficacy of Behavioral Economic Nudges to Assist Teen Mothers: the Healthy Adolescent Transitions Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Stevens Jack , Rausch Joseph , Osuagwu Ngozi , Lutz Robyn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCommunities may often lack the resources to deliver intensive programs to assist teen mothers, and many eligible adolescents may decline participation in lengthy interventions. Therefore, alternative approaches involving less resource and time may be needed. Behavioral economics (BE) can inform the development of such novel interventions. BE often feature low-intensity approaches designed to “nudge” people to help them reach their long-term goals. Nudges can include giving reminders, making the desired behavior more convenient, and optimizing the verbal presentation of recommended options. Three hundred thirty-one American adolescents (ages 14 to 19) who were 22 to 35 weeks pregnant were enrolled in the present trial. One hundred sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to the intervention condition featuring a three-month BE intervention delivered by a registered nurse and social worker. The remaining 165 youths were assigned usual care. Surveys were completed at baseline, 3 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Data collection occurred from 2017 to 2021. Qualitative feedback indicated that the BE intervention was well-received by adolescents. However, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups at any time point regarding repeat pregnancy, contraceptive usage, financial literacy, school completion, job attainment, HPV vaccinations, nicotine usage, perception of having a medical home, urgent care/ED usage, and nutritional intake (all p > .05). Our findings suggest that a BE-based intervention may not be sufficient to facilitate change for teen mothers. Future programs should consider lasting longer, featuring a higher dose, and/or incorporating systems-level changes. This trial was prospectively registered (NCT03194672 clinicaltrials.gov).
Heavy traffic analysis of multi-class bipartite queueing systems under FCFS
Authors: Hillas Lisa Aoki , Caldentey René , Gupta Varun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the performance of multi-class, multi-server bipartite queueing systems, where each arriving customer is compatible with only a subset of servers. We focus on the system’s performance under a first-come, first-served-assign longest idle server service discipline. In this discipline, an idle server is matched with the compatible customer who has been waiting the longest, and a customer who can be served by multiple idle servers is routed to the server that has been idle for the longest period. We analyse the system under conventional heavy-traffic conditions, where the traffic intensity approaches one from below. Building upon the formulation and results of Afèche et al. (Oper Res 70(1):363–401, 2022), we generalize the model by allowing the vector of arrival rates to approach the heavy-traffic limit from an arbitrary direction. We characterize the steady-state waiting times of the various customer classes and demonstrate that a much wider range of waiting time outcomes is achievable. Furthermore, we establish that the matching probabilities, i.e. the probabilities of different customer classes being served by different servers, do not depend on the direction along which the system approaches heavy traffic. We also investigate the design of compatibility between customer classes and servers, finding that a service provider who has complete control over the matching can design a delay-minimizing matching by considering only the limiting arrival rates. When some constraints on the compatibility structure exist, the direction of convergence to heavy-traffic affects which compatibility structure minimizes delay. Additionally, we discover that the bipartite matching queueing system exhibits a form of Braess’s paradox, where adding more connectivity to an existing system can lead to higher average waiting times, despite the fact that neither customers nor servers act strategically.
Acknowledging that Men are Moral and Harmed by Gender Stereotypes Increases Men’s Willingness to Engage in Collective Action on Behalf of Women
Authors: Vázquez Alexandra , López-Rodríguez Lucía , Brambilla Marco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rise of far-right parties with antifeminist sentiments constitutes a new challenge in the path to gender equality. Here, we aim to identify strategies to promote men’s acceptance of social change towards equality. Thus, we first examined key concerns about gender equality held by far-right supporters through a discourse analysis of 120 men. The findings revealed a focus on male victimhood, the negation and only partial recognition of inequality, and the delegitimization of feminism. Given the centrality of victimhood in the discourse of far-right male supporters and its social relevance, we developed several non-confrontational strategies based on men’s suffering and supposed (im)morality, and then compared the effectiveness of these strategies for getting men to commit more to gender equality. Two experimental studies (n = 417 and 428 men) revealed that recognizing that men are generally moral or that they also suffer because of gender stereotypes led participants to increase their willingness to participate in collective action for women’s rights. In contrast, questioning their morality by denouncing men’s violence against women had no impact on their intentions. We conclude that non-confrontational strategies that address men's concerns about feminist advancement can prevent potential defensive reactions and make them more receptive to social change towards gender equality.
Doubled haploidy methodology for three forage grasses [crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius x B. inermis), and meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.)]
Authors: Ferrie Alison M. R. , Nelson Kim , Biligetu Bill 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDoubled haploidy (DH) methodology is used in many plant species to accelerate crop improvement and cultivar development; however not all species are amenable to the tissue culture technique. Experiments were undertaken to develop DH protocols for three perennial grasses [crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius x B. inermis), and meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.)]. The initial experiment screened these forage grass species to established wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) microspore culture protocols. Following the initial screen, several factors influencing microspore embryogenesis were evaluated. These included genotype, donor plant conditions, developmental stage of the microspore, pretreatments, media composition, and culture conditions. For regeneration of the embryos to plants, media composition and culture conditions were assessed. Microspore-derived embryos/calli as well as green haploid/doubled haploid plants were regenerated from all three forage grasses. Differences were observed between species and genotypes within species in terms of embryogenic response. Modifications to the initial wheat DH protocol included the donor plant conditions, developmental stage of the microspore to late uninucleate to early binucleate and media composition. Regenerated plants were grown in the greenhouse.
Digital Slot Machines: Social Media Platforms as Attentional Scaffolds
Authors: Voinea Cristina , Marin Lavinia , Vică Constantin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the concept of attentional scaffolds and show the resemblance between social media platforms and slot machines, both functioning as hostile attentional scaffolds. The first section establishes the groundwork for the concept of attentional scaffolds and draws parallels to the mechanics of slot machines, to argue that social media platforms aim to capture users’ attention to maximize engagement through a system of intermittent rewards. The second section shifts focus to the interplay between emotions and attention, revealing how online attentional capture through emotionally triggering stimuli leads to distraction. The final section elucidates the collective implications of scaffolding attention through social media platforms. The examination of phenomena such as emotional contagion and the emergence of group emotions underscores the transition from individual experiences to shared collective outcomes. Employing online moral outrage as a case study, we illustrate how negative emotions serve as scaffolds for individuals’ attention, propagate within social groups, and give rise to collective attitudes.