bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virus loads in Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae infected with the Orgyia pseudotsugata nucleopolyhedrovirus
Authors: Thorne Christine M. , Levin David B. , Otvos Imre S. , Conder Nicholas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe studied Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) infections in larvae of the Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), to determine the quantity of OpMNPV particles that result in mortality. We observed a bimodal pattern of mortality in Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae that ingested diet plugs contaminated with 9.5 OpMNPV occlusion bodies. A mortality peak (80% of total mortality observed) occurred between day 5 and day 11 post ingestion, and a second, smaller mortality peak coincided with the onset of pupation. Virus loads, defined as the number of OpMNPV occlusion bodies in each sample of tested larval homogenate, were quantified using an indirect ELISA method. Virus loads that resulted in mortality were significantly greater than those quantified in larvae that were sacrificed during and after the peak mortality wave (P < 0.004 and P < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U two-tailed rank test and SPSS®, respectively). This is the first known attempt to differentiate the quantity of virus produced during lethal infections from the virus loads in larvae that survive infection.
Re-analysis of pheromone-mediated aggregation behaviour of European earwigs
Authors: Hehar Gagandeep , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAggregation of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), is known to be, in part, a response to aggregation pheromone. However, many aspects of pheromone biology remain unknown or controversial. In two-choice experiments with field-collected specimens in a still-air olfactometer, we determined that female, male, and juvenile F. auricularia all produce and respond to aggregation pheromone and that the pheromone is perceived by means of olfaction. Various sources (or extracts thereof) reportedly containing or emitting pheromone (including the insects’ integument, tibiae, or fecal excreta) did not induce significant responses. Our data suggest that none of these sources contains all or any of the essential pheromone components. These controversial results may be due to differences in (i) experimental procedures, such as single- or grouped-insect bioassays, or (ii) developmental stages of the bioassay insects. It is conceivable that juveniles and adults produce and respond to different components of aggregation pheromone.
Brief communication: Rethinking the impact of the 1918 influenza pandemic on sex differentials in mortality
Authors: Sawchuk L.A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study will assess the general impact of the 1918 influenza on overall mortality and its impact on mortality attributable to pulmonary tuberculosis in a small‐scale population. Using life table and decomposition methodologies, changes in mortality in Gibraltar used a scheme that identified a pre‐epidemic period (1904–1917), the epidemic year (1918), and the post‐epidemic period (1919–1927). Overall health in both sexes fell significantly in 1918 with a drop in life expectancy at birth, however, health quickly rebounded in the post‐epidemic period. In the case of women, there was a significant increase in life expectancy at birth after the epidemic. The impact of influenza on the magnitude of sex differentials in the life expectancy at birth fell during epidemic year but returned to a level comparable to that of the pre‐epidemic period. With respect to respiratory tuberculosis deaths, the immediate impact of influenza was restricted to only a significant increase in the rate among women (aged 15–54). In the post‐epidemic period, tuberculosis mortality rates returned to the pre‐epidemic state in both sexes. The findings from Gibraltar stand in contrast opposition to results reported for experience in the United States during the 1918 flu. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How an arbitration provision, carefully constructed, ended up defeating itself by leading to multiple court proceedings
Authors: Nissen William J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIs there such a thing as being too precise when crafting an arbitration alternative to litigation? Where a merger agreement produced four arbitration forums for different types of disputes, the answer is a resounding “Yes!” William J. Nissen, of Chicago, explains the litigious, still‐unresolved matter.
C(Aryl)‐O‐Aktivierung von Arylcarboxylaten in nickelkatalysierten Biarylsynthesen
Authors: Gooßen Lukas J. , Gooßen Käthe , Stanciu Corneliu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFast zeitgleich erzielten zwei Arbeitsgruppen einen Durchbruch bei der Aktivierung der C(Aryl)‐O‐Bindung von Phenolderivaten (siehe Schema; Cy=Cyclohexyl): Garg et al. kuppelten Arylpivalate mit Arylboronsäuren zu unsymmetrischen Biarylen. Shi et al. gelang eine solche Kreuzkupplung unter C(Aryl)‐O‐Aktivierung für Arylester verschiedener Carbonsäuren, wobei die besten Ergebnisse bei der Kupplung mit Arylboroxinen erneut mit Arylpivalaten erzielt wurden.magnified image
Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a novel Ni(II) coordination polymer with dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine and 4,4′‐oxy(bisbenzoate)
Authors: Qiao Qian , Wang Ruguo , Wu Guoqiang , Tang Tiandi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel coordination polymer, [Ni(dppz)(oba)(H2O)]·0.5H2O (dppz = dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine and oba = 4,4′‐oxy(bisbenzoate)) has been synthesized through hydrothermal method and characterized by IR, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 23.163(5), b = 18.211(4), c = 14.460(3) Å, α = γ = 90°, β = 100.45(3)°, V = 5998(2) Å3, Z = 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.0866 (wR2 = 0.1836). The compound exhibits interesting one‐dimensional chain structures, which are further stacked through π‐π interactions to form supramolecular double chains. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of epitaxial laterally overgrown silicon structures by high resolution x‐ray rocking curve imaging
Authors: Heimbrodt B. , Lübbert D. , Köhler R. , Boeck T. , Gerlitzke A.‐K. , Hanke M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSpatially resolved rocking curve imaging has been used to analyze laterally overgrown silicon layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy. We were able to study both the overgrown layer as well as the strain fluctuations of the Si substrate underneath by means of a tabletop x‐ray topographic setup. The strain‐field analysis reveals relative changes of the lattice parameter up to 3.5×10‐6 in the silicon substrate underneath the overgrown layer in particular regions and a down bending of both wings of the epitaxial overgrown layers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hippocampal lesions impair spatial memory performance, but not song—A developmental study of independent memory systems in the zebra finch
Authors: Bailey David J. , Wade Juli , Saldanha Colin J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSongbirds demonstrate song‐ and spatial‐learning, forms of memory that appear distinct in formal characteristics and fitting the descriptions and criteria of procedural and episodic‐like memory function, respectively. As in other vertebrates, the neural pathways underlying these forms of memory may also be dissociable, and include the corresponding song circuit and hippocampus (HP). Whether (or not) these two memory systems interact is unknown. Interestingly, the HP distinguishes itself as a site of immediate early gene expression in response to song and as a site of estrogen synthesis, a steroid involved in song learning. Thus, an interaction between these memory systems and their anatomical substrates appears reasonable to hypothesize, particularly during development. To test this idea, juvenile male or female zebra finches received chemical lesions of the HP at various points during song learning, as did adults. Song structure, singing behavior, song preference, and spatial memory were tested in adulthood. Although lesions of the HP severely compromised HP‐dependent spatial memory function across all ages and in both sexes, we were unable to detect any effects of HP lesions on song learning, singing, or song structure in males. Interestingly, females lesioned as adults, but not as juveniles, did lose the characteristic preference for their father's song. Since compromise of the neural circuits that subserve episodic‐like memory does very little (if anything) to affect procedural‐like (song learning) memory, we conclude that these memory systems and their anatomical substrates are well dissociated in the developing male zebra finch. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2009
Antibacterial activity and bonding ability of an adhesive incorporating an antibacterial monomer DMAE‐CB
Authors: Xiao Yu‐Hong , Ma Sai , Chen Ji‐Hua , Chai Zhi‐Guo , Li Fang , Wang Ying‐Jie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study evaluated the antibacterial effect and microtensile bond strength of a resin‐based adhesive containing an antibacterial monomer DMAE‐CB (methacryloxylethyl cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride). Cured specimens of 1, 2, and 3% DMAE‐CB‐containing Single Bond 2 (crosslinking monomer: Bis‐GMA, dimethacrylates; functional monomer: HEMA) were prepared, and their antibacterial effects on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were investigated. Antibacterial property after 0, 30, 90, and 180 days of aging was also tested. Bonding ability of the experimental adhesive incorporating 3% DMAE‐CB was evaluated by microtensile bond strength test. The cured experimental adhesive exhibited an inhibitory effect on S. mutans growth, and the adhesive containing 3% DMAE‐CB showed higher antibacterial efficiency compared with those incorporating 1 or 2% anibacterial monomer. Antibacterial activities of the specimens lasted for at least 180 days. Microtensile bond strength test revealed that the bonding ability of the experimental adhesive was not significantly adversely affected by the incorporation of DMAE‐CB. Therefore, dental adhesives with strong and long‐lasting bacteriostatic property could be achieved by incorporating DMAE‐CB without negatively influencing bonding ability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2009
A convenient synthesis of N‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyridinecarbox‐amides, N‐aryl‐N‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyridinecarboxamides and their 1‐methyl (O‐methyl)‐derivatives
Authors: Cativiela C. , Fernandez J. , Melendez E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new and versatile method for the preparation of the isonixine analogues, N‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyridinecarboxamides and N‐aryl‐N‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyridinecarboxamides is described via the selective chlorination of 2‐hydroxynicotinic acid. In order to prepare these new compounds, the chemistry of the methyl‐blocked forms of each tautomer is discussed.
[1,2,4]Triazines. 4. Regiospecific ring closure reactions involving 6‐amino‐5‐hydrazino[1,2,4]triazin‐3(2H)‐ones and orthoesters
Authors: Lovelette C. A. , Geagan K. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract6‐Amino‐5‐hydrazino[1,2,4]triazin‐3(2H)‐one, 3, was treated with a variety of orthoesters and concentrated acid forming mixtures of ring‐closed and open‐chain derivatives. These mixtures were converted in warm aqueous acid to the Mriazolo[5,1‐d][1,2,4]triazin‐3(2H)‐ones, 11b, 14b, and 15b by a regiospecific ring closure at N‐4 of the [1,2,4]triazine ring and subsequent Dimroth‐like rearrangement of the initially formed s‐triazolo[4,3‐d][1,2,4]triazin‐3(2H)‐ones (11a, 14a, 15a).
Methylpyridylbenzimidazoles. Part I. Mono, bis‐quaternary salts and related polymethyne dyes
Authors: Barni Ermanno , Savarino Piero , Viscardi Guido , Pelizzetti Ezio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐(4‐methyl‐2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole with long chain alkyl halides led to N‐alkylation at the imidazole ring. The bases obtained were selectively quaternized at the azine and azole nitrogen atoms. The pyridinium salts gave the corresponding polymethyne dyes. Spectral (nmr and uv) and surface properties are briefly discussed.
Methylpyridylbenzimidazoles. Part II. Bridged mono and bis‐quaternary salts
Authors: Barni Ermanno , Savarino Piero , Viscardi Guido , Pelizzetti Ezio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 2‐(4‐methyl‐2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole and of its N long alkyl chain derivatives with 1,3‐dibromopropane led to cyclic bis‐charged salts. Their spectroscopic (nmr and uv) and surface properties are briefly discussed. It turned out to be interesting to compare the similar behaviour of these salts and the corresponding well known derivatives of 2,2′‐bipyridyl.
The reaction of dihydroxyacetone with ethanedithiol. Synthesis and x‐ray crystal structure of 1,4,7,10‐tetrathiaspiro[5.5]undecane
Authors: Hamor T. A. , Jones A. S. , Jones R. H. , Mcguigan C. , Walker R. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction of dihydroxyacetone with an excess of ethanedithiol in the presence of 10M hydrochloric acid gives 2,2‐di(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐dithiacyclopentane (1) in low yield. When boron trifluoride etherate is used instead of hydrochloric acid, the same reactants give 1,4,7,10‐tetrathiaspiro[5. 5]undecane (3). The structure of the latter was established by X‐ray crystallography. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2,/n, with a = 6.31(1), b = 21.57(2), c = 7.61(1)Å, β = 102.2(1)° and Z = 4, R = 0.038 for 2289 reflections. The two 1,4‐dithiane rings in 3 are significantly more puckered than normal cyclohexane rings. The uv spectrum of 3 is consistent with values reported for other sulphides and with the X‐ray structure.
Synthèse d'analogues bihétérocycliques du phénanthrène: Les méthyl‐1‐[1]benzothinéo, benzoséléno[2,3‐b ]pyrroles, et méthyl‐1‐[1]benzofuro, benzothiéno et benzoséléno[3,2‐b ]pyrroles
Authors: Webert Jean‐Marie , Cagniant Denise , Cagniant Paul , Kirsch Gilbert , Weber Jean‐Victor 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLa condensation du sarcosinate d'éthyle sur les halogeno‐2 (ou ‐3) formyl‐3 (ou ‐2) [l]benzofuranne, benzo‐thiophéne et benzosélénophéne de měme que sur les 2H‐[1]benzohétérocyclariones‐3 correspondantes a été etudiee. Dans ce dernier cas, le composé obtenu est ensuite formylé et cyclodeshydraté. Ont été ainsi synthétisés les méthyl‐l‐[l]benzothiéno, benzoséléno[2,3‐b]pyrroles et les méthyl‐1‐[1]benzofuro, benzothiéno et benzoséléno[3,2‐6]pyrroles.
13C NMR studies on dibenz[b,f]azepines
Authors: Molock Frank F. , Boykin David W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe assignment of the 13C nmr resonances of six dibenz[b,f]azepines (1‐6) in dimethylsulfoxide‐d6 was made using chemical shift arguments, coupling to a fluorine substituent, selective proton decoupling, and fully coupled spectra. Exchange of the heterocyclic N‐H with deuterium simplified and clarified the coupled spectrum of 1.
One step synthesis of 3‐cyano‐4‐(5‐nitrobenzothienyl)pyridines and 3‐Cyano‐4‐(5‐nitrobenzothienyl)pyridin‐2‐ones for biological evaluation
Authors: Zayed S. M. A. D. , Attia A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new one‐vessel reaction has been developed for the synthesis of substituted aminocyanopyridines 2 and cyanopyridin‐2‐ones 3. Compounds 2a‐c and 3a‐c were readily obtained by heating molar amounts of 5‐nitro‐benzothiophene‐2‐carboxaldehyde 1, the appropriate acetyl derivative and the active methylene compound (malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate) in presence of ammonium acetate. The new method had the advantage of being quick, economic and of general application. A possible mechanism for the reaction, has been suggested.
4‐(2‐di‐n‐propylaminoethyl)‐7‐methoxyindole
Authors: Cannon Joseph G. , Lukszo Jan , Max George A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPreparation of the title compound has been achieved by a modification of the Reissert indole synthesis, starting with 2‐nitro‐3‐methyl‐4‐cyanoanisole (3), and homologation of the CN group of the resulting 4‐cyano‐7‐methoxyindole. The starting material 3 was prepared by bromination of 2‐nitro‐3‐methylphenol, and the structure of the bromination product was verified chemically.
3‐Oxo‐1,2‐benzoisothiazoline‐2‐acetic acid 1,1‐dioxide derivatives. II. Reaction of amides with alkoxides
Authors: Perillo Isabel A. , Schapira Celia B. , Lamdan Samuel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction of some 3‐oxo‐1,2‐benzoisothiazoline‐2‐acetamide 1,1‐dioxides (1a‐f) with alkaline alkoxides was carried out under various conditions. Under mild conditions, 1a‐f with sodium methoxide gave o‐(N‐carbox‐amidomethylsulfamyl)benzoic acid methyl esters (2a‐f, R = CH3). Compounds 1a or 2a reacted with sodium alkoxides under drastic conditions affording only ester 5. Under the same conditions, 1b‐d or 2b‐d gave 4‐hydroxy‐2H‐1,2‐benzothiazine‐3‐carboxamide 1,1‐dioxides (3b‐d), while 1e‐f or 2e‐f afforded the acid 6 in variable amounts, together with the expected benzothiazines 3e‐f. Isolation of ethyl ether as another product in the reaction of 1e‐f with sodium ethoxide supports the suggestion that the formation of 6 involves the O‐alkyl fission on the alkyl carbon of the esters 2e‐f. An explanation of these results may be related to the acidic character of the amide hydrogen in compounds 2e‐f.
A modified bischler‐napieralski reaction. Synthesis of 2,3,4,9‐ tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido[3,4‐B]indole derivatives and their base‐catalyzed transformation to N‐acetyl‐N‐[2‐[1 ‐acetyl‐2‐[1 ‐(acetyloxy)‐1‐propenyl]‐ 1H‐indol‐3‐yl]ethyl]acetamides
Authors: Bobowski George 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe treatment of N‐[2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethyl]alkanamide, 1 (1), with phosphorus oxychloride under controlled conditions gave l‐alkyl‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrido[3,4‐b]indol‐1‐ol, 2. The reaction of 2 with acetic anhydride or with methyl isocyanate at room temperature resulted in the formation of amido carbinol 3 and urea carbinol 7, respectively. The former was transformed into amido ester 4 by boiling acetic anhydride. When the reaction of 3 with acetic anhydride was carried out in the presence of excess triethylamine at 105°, C‐N bond cleavage of the tetrahydropyridine ring took place with concurrent bis(N‐acetylation) to give the enol ester derivative 5. The structures of all compounds are consistent with chemical and spectral evidence.
Synthesis of analogues of the 2,3,6,‐triazaphenothiazine ring system
Authors: Okafor Charles O. , Castle Raymond N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTreatment of 2,3‐dichloroquinoxalines with 2‐amino‐6‐picoline‐3‐thiol gave a mixture of 2,3‐bis(2‐amino‐6‐picolinyl‐3‐thio)quinoxalines (16, R = H, CI) and 2,3‐bis (N,N‐dimethylamino)quinoxalines (15, R = H, CI) separated by fractional crystallization. A similar reaction of 3‐amino‐6‐methoxypyridine‐2(1H)‐thione (9) with 4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3(2H)‐one (21) gave 4‐chloro‐5‐(3‐amino‐6‐methoxypyridyl‐2‐thio)pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one (22). Concentrated hydrochloric acid‐catalysed cyclization of 22 gave the non‐rearranged 7‐methoxy‐2,3,6‐triazaphenothiazin‐1(2H)‐one. The action of compound 22 in refluxing glacial acetic acid gave, on the other hand, 7‐methoxy‐2,3,6‐triazaphenothiazin‐4(3H)‐one via a Smiles rearrangement. These cyclized compounds are the first known derivatives of the new 2,3,6‐triazaphenothiazine ring system.
Antimykotische wirkstoffe. XV. . Die halogensubstitution bei phenoxy‐1,3,5‐triazinen
Authors: Kreutzberger Alfred , Richter Barbara 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDurch die nucleophile substitution eines Chloratoms in 2, 4‐Dichloro‐6‐diethylamino‐1, 3, 5‐triazine (1) mittels Halogenphenolen (2a‐f) werden die 2‐chloro‐4‐diethylamino‐6‐halogenphenoxy‐1, 3, 5‐triazine (3a‐f) zugänglich. In Strukturtyp 3 finden sich Vertreter mit antimykotischer Wirksamkeit.
Metallations of 5 H‐dibenz [b, f] azepine and 10,11‐dihydro‐5H‐dibenz [b, f] azepine. Synthesis of 4‐substituted derivatives
Authors: Dahlgren T. , Hallberg A. , Helitzer R. , Martin A. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of 4‐substituted 5 H‐dibenz [b, f] azepines and 10, 11‐dihydro‐5 H‐dibenz [b, f] azepine resulting from the reaction of the corresponding 4, 5‐dilithio derivatives and different N, N‐dimethylamides is reported. The total assignment of the pmr spectra of the prepared formyl derivatives based on decoupling experiments is also described.
The synthesis of macrocyclic polyether‐diester ligands containing a long‐chain alkoxy substituted pyridine subcyclic unit
Authors: Bradshaw Jerald S. , Spencer Neil O. , Hansen Gilbert R. , Izatt Reed M. , Christensen James J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo new series of macrocyclic polyether‐diester ligands have been prepared containing 4‐pentoxy‐ and 4‐octoxypyridine subcyclic units. The 4‐alkoxy‐2, 6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid derivatives used as starting materials were prepared from 4‐chloro‐2, 6‐pyridinecarbonyl chloride. The 4‐octoxydiketopyridino‐18‐crown‐6 ligand greatly facilitates the transport of silver ions across a chloroform liquid membrane.
Concerning the preparations of some pyridylimidazothiazole derivatives
Authors: Eichler Eva , Rooney C. Stanley , Williams Haydn W. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe preparations of some 4‐pyridylimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole and ‐imidazo[5,1‐b]thiazole derivatives are described. In some of the cyclizations to form the imidazothiazole ring systems, trifluoroacetic anhydride, the dehydration reagent employed, participated in the reaction leading to products bearing a trifluoromethyl or trifluoroacetyl substituent.
Synthesis of s‐3‐indolemethyl derivatives of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐thioadenosine
Authors: Benghiat Eric , Crooks Peter A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe S‐3‐(1‐methylindole)methyl and S‐3‐(1,2‐dimethylindole)methyl derivatives of 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐thioadenosine have been prepared by reaction of the appropriate 3‐indolemethylthioacetate with 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐chloro‐adenosine in basic media. 5′‐Deoxy‐5′‐(3‐indolemethylthio)adenosines unsubstituted at the indolic nitrogen, cannot be prepared via this route due to facile conversion of the precursor 3‐indolemethylthiol derivative to the corresponding 3,3′‐diindolemethyl sulfide.
Synthèse et détermination de la structure de la 3H‐(indazolyl‐3′)‐5 oxadiazol‐1,3,4‐one‐2 par RMN 13C et spectrometrie de masse
Authors: Robba Max , Lancelot Jean‐Charles , Maume Daniel , Rabaron Alain 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLa synthèse de la 3H (indazolyl‐3′)‐5 oxadiazol‐1,3,4 one‐2 (2) est effectuée par cyclisation de l'hydrazide de l'acide indazole‐3 carboxylique (3) avec l'oxychlorure de carbone. La détermination de la structure est réalisée grâce à une étude comparative par rmn du 13C et par spectrométrie de masse avec la 2H, 3H‐triazino‐1,2,4‐[4,5‐b]indazoledione‐1,4 (1). Un réarrangement en 2 précède la fragmentation de 1 sous l'impact électronique.
Oxidation of bis‐arylhydrazones of 3,3‐dimethylpentane‐2,4‐dione with silver oxide
Authors: Stephanidou‐Stephanatou J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOxidation of the title bis‐arylhydrazones 2 with silver oxide gives 1‐aryl‐5‐arylazo‐3,4,4,5‐tetramethyl‐2‐pyrazolines 4 in almost quantitative yield. The spectral data of the pyrazolines 4 as well as the reaction mechanism are discussed.
Ring transformation of 8‐bromo‐1,7‐phenanthroline in reaction with potassium amide/liquid ammonia
Authors: van den Haak Henk J. W. , Bouw Jan P. , van der Plas Henk C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReaction of 8‐bromo‐1,7‐phenanthroline with potassium amide in liquid ammonia gives besides the corresponding 8‐amino compound 2‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazaphenanthrene. In this ring transformation 7‐ethynyl‐aminoquinoline‐8‐aldimine is involved as intermediate, as proved by nmr spectroscopy.
Benzomorphan related compounds. XVII . Oxidative cyclization of N‐arylethyl‐6, 7‐benzomorphans
Authors: Bosch Joan , Domingo Antonio , Granados Ricardo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of two new bridged polycyclic systems (I and II), possessing a rigid N‐arylethylbenzomorphan structure, by mercuric acetate cyclization of the corresponding seco derivatives (IV and VI, respectively) is described. The relative configuration of these compounds and the preferred indolo[2, 3‐a]‐ or benzo[a]quin‐olizidine conformation is assigned.