bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel CD4‐conjugated ultraviolet light‐activated photocatalyst inactivates HIV‐1 and SIV efficiently
Authors: Yamaguchi Koushi , Sugiyama Takahiro , Kato Shinji , Kondo Yoichi , Ageyama Naohide , Kanekiyo Masaru , Iwata Misao , Koyanagi Yoshio , Yamamoto Naoki , Honda Mitsuo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this study, we found that the electric potential derived from the redox reaction of ultraviolet (UV)‐illuminated CD4‐conjugated titanium dioxide (TiO2) inactivated a wide range of high‐titered primary HIV‐1 isolates, regardless of virus co‐receptor usage or genetic clade. In vitro incubation of HIV‐1 isolates with CD4‐conjugated TiO2 (CD4‐TiO2) followed by UV illumination led to inhibition of viral infectivity in both H9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as to the complete inactivation of plasma virions from HIV‐1‐infected individuals. Treatment with a newly established extra‐corporeal circulation system with the photocatalyst in rhesus macaques completely inactivated plasma virus in the system and effectively reduced the infectious plasma viral load. Furthermore, plasma viremia and infectious viral loads were controlled following a second therapeutic photocatalyst treatment during primary SIVmac239 infection of macaques. Our findings suggest that this therapeutic immunophysical strategy may help control human immunodeficiency viral infection in vivo. J. Med. Virol. 80:1322–1331, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Norwalk virus: How infectious is it?
Authors: Teunis Peter F.M. , Moe Christine L. , Liu Pengbo , E. Miller Sara , Lindesmith Lisa , Baric Ralph S. , Le Pendu Jacques , Calderon Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNoroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The infectivity of Norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. A new variant of the hit theory model of microbial infection was developed to estimate the variation in Norwalk virus infectivity, as well as the degree of virus aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. Explicit modeling of viral aggregation allows us to express virus infectivity per single infectious unit (particle). Comparison of a primary and a secondary inoculum showed that passage through a human host does not change Norwalk virus infectivity. We estimate the average probability of infection for a single Norwalk virus particle to be close to 0.5, exceeding that reported for any other virus studied to date. Infected subjects had a dose‐dependent probability of becoming ill, ranging from 0.1 (at a dose of 103 NV genomes) to 0.7 (at 108 virus genomes). A norovirus dose response model is important for understanding its transmission and essential for development of a quantitative risk model. Norwalk virus is a valuable model system to study virulence because genetic factors are known for both complete and partial protection; the latter can be quantitatively described as heterogeneity in dose response models. J. Med. Virol. 80:1468–1476, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of primary human cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and their families
Authors: Revello Maria Grazia , Campanini Giulia , Piralla Antonio , Furione Milena , Percivalle Elena , Zavattoni Maurizio , Gerna Giuseppe 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe source of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection was investigated in 29 pregnant women with primary HCMV infection by comparing DNA sequences of UL146, UL144 and a portion of UL55 gene of HCMV strains circulating within each family. Thirteen families were identified in which the pregnant woman, the husband and/or a child were shedding HCMV. In three of these families, both the woman and the husband suffered from a concomitant primary HCMV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of UL146, UL144, and UL55 genes indicated that strains circulating within each family were identical, whereas strains from different families appeared to be distinct. However, identical UL146, UL144, and UL55 DNA sequences were observed sporadically among unrelated strains. A child rather than the husband was the virus source for the great majority of pregnant women. No association was observed between UL144 polymorphisms and intrauterine transmission. J. Med. Virol. 80:1415–1425, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association of mouse mammary tumor virus‐related retrovirus with Japanese cases of breast cancer
Authors: Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Moriuchi Masako , Yano Hiroshi , Nagayasu Takeshi , Moriuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is the causative agent of breast tumors in mice. Recently, DNA sequences homologous or closely related to MMTV env gene have been specifically detected in breast cancer tissue from significant numbers of American, Australian, and Tunisian women, suggesting a viral etiology for at least a part of human breast cancer. However, the viral sequences have not been detected from any of breast cancer samples in several subsequent studies. Thus, whether MMTV‐related retrovirus is a causative agent of human breast cancer remains controversial. To demonstrate if MMTV‐related retrovirus is involved in Japanese cases of breast cancer, breast tissue specimens from 46 breast cancer patients and 3 patients with benign mammary tumors were investigated. Extensive analysis using PCR and Southern blot hybridization, however, could not detect the MMTV env gene‐like sequence in any of the samples tested as well as in MCF7 cells that has previously been described as a positive control. Thus, MMTV itself or MMTV‐related retrovirus is not associated with breast carcinogenesis in Japanese women, and it is unclear whether this conclusion is merely a reflection of regional differences in its epidemics. J. Med. Virol. 80:1447–1451, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Life in the organizational sciences: achieving consensus on what is reasonable, what is possible, and what is absolutely required
Authors: Hollenbeck John R. , Mannor Michael J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn our recent paper, we illustrated that despite modest levels of inter‐rater reliability at the manuscript/journal level, the reliability of career‐level assessments in the organizational sciences is very high because the high frequency of evaluations that accumulates into extremely reliable estimates of true scores over time. This is not a subjective opinion, but rather a straightforward technical issue. Many of the objections raised regarding this conclusion by a response to our work did not deal with the reliability of the career assessments, but rather the difficulty associated with reaching productivity standards that they felt were unreasonable. What constitutes “reasonable” expectations is a subjective opinion that varies across institutions and individuals. We argue that academic institutions and job applicants need to have an open and honest conversation that would allow sound decision making on the part of both parties, and we believe that our previous simulations can help frame such conversations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ketone photolysis in the presence of oxygen: A useful source of OH for flash photolysis kinetics experiments
Authors: Carr S. A. , Baeza‐Romero M. T. , Blitz M. A. , Price B. J. S. , Seakins P. W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have shown a significant OH yield from the reaction of RCO radicals (generated from the photolysis of corresponding ketone) with oxygen below total pressures of 200 Torr. The potential of these reactions as a source of OH radicals for flash photolytic kinetic studies is investigated. The viability of the method was tested by measuring rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with ethanol using both acetone/O2 mixtures and t‐butyl hydroperoxide photolysis. The results (with statistical errors at the 2σ level) are in excellent agreement with each other (kEtOH(acetone) = (5.87 ± 0.34) × 10−18 T2 exp((515 ± 21)K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and kEtOH (t‐butyl hydroperoxide) = (5.27 ± 0.34) × 10−18 T2 exp((557 ± 20)K/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1) and with the IUPAC recommendation. The reaction of OH with methyl ethyl ketone (2‐butanone) has also been investigated using a similar technique. The results show a strong non‐Arrhenius temperature dependence, k = (3.84 ± 0.12) × 10−24× T4 × exp((1038 ± 11)/t). The merits of the ketone/oxygen OH source are contrasted with other established precursors. A major advantage of the technique is the ability to cleanly generate OD without the potential for isotopic scrambling prior to photolysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 40: 504–514, 2008
Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of New Photoactive Dextran Esters Showing Nanosphere Formation
Authors: Wondraczek Holger , Heinze Thomas 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDifferent types of photoactive dextran derivatives with high degree of substitution were prepared by an efficient and mild esterification of the biopolymer with 2‐methoxycinnamic acid, [(4‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐7‐yl)oxy]acetic acid, and azobenzene‐4‐carboxylic acid via in situ activation of the carboxylic acid groups with N,N′‐carbonyldiimidazole. The structures of the novel dextran esters were evaluated by means of NMR spectroscopy applying the perpropionylated samples. Perpropionylation yields samples soluble in chloroform and acetonitrile that are very useful solvents not only for NMR but also for UV‐vis spectroscopic studies. The photochemistry was studied by NMR and UV‐vis spectroscopy in the dissolved state and the changes observed may be used to control the properties. The photoactive dextran esters form spherical nanoparticles of a size below 200 nm that are of interest in the design of smart materials.magnified image
A remark on unique continuation along and across lower‐dimensional planes for the wave equation
Authors: Rakesh  
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe prove unique continuation of solutions of the wave equation along and across lower‐dimensional planes containing the t‐axis. This is a sharpening and a generalization of a result of Cheng, Ding and Yamamoto as well as a simplification of the proof. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contemporary Role of Suprapubic Cystostomy in Treatment of Neuropathic Bladder Dysfunction in Spinal Cord Injured Patients
Authors: Feifer Andrew , Corcos Jacques 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe management of neuropathic bladder dysfunction secondary to spinal cord injury is controversial. With the introduction of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and anti‐cholinergic medication, urinary tract deterioration in this population has declined. Nevertheless, this strategy is problematic for patients who are unable to perform CIC. Suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) is widely viewed as a secondary option, which has a high satisfaction rating among patients, with acceptable clinical efficacy. Despite early reports of long‐term renal and bladder complications, recent evidence has demonstrated that improved anti‐cholinergic pharmacotherapy and bladder maintenance strategies can enhance SPC efficacy, with diminished morbidity. We set out to review the current literature on SPC in the neuropathic bladder setting and to clarify future management direction.MaterialsThis investigation consisted of a literature search of the MEDLINE and PUBMED databases. Inclusion criteria were related to SPC, indwelling catheterization, urodynamics, spinal cord injury and bladder dysfunction. Our analysis comprised 56 studies, including retrospective analyses and case reports. Investigations regarding surgical technique as well as short and long‐term efficacy were also included.ResultsEarly studies reported accelerated renal deterioration and lower urinary tract complications, including stones, recurrent infections and blocked catheters. Procedural complications were generally rare. In contrast, recent investigations, in which patients were managed with anti‐cholinergics, frequent catheter changes and bladder washing, and volume maintenance procedures demonstrated similar morbidity profiles to CIC. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:475–479, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential for recovery in bladder function after removing a urethral obstruction
Authors: Wolffenbuttel K.P. , de Jong B.W.D. , Scheepe J.R. , Kok D.J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsWe examined the relation between the loss of bladder function during obstruction and the potential for recovery of function after de‐obstruction.MethodsGuinea pigs received a partial urethral obstruction. Bladder pressure, urine flow rate, detrusor overactivity (DO), compliance and contractility were examined weekly for 2–4 weeks (short), 6–8 weeks (medium), or 9–12 weeks (long). Then the obstruction was removed and bladder function followed up to 7 weeks. The groups were compared to animals receiving only obstruction or a sham operation.ResultsDuring obstruction the three de‐obstruction groups and the obstruction group progressively lost bladder function. Flow rate remained stable, compliance decreased, pressure, contractility and DO increased. After de‐obstruction the response in the three de‐obstruction groups varied. In S, bladder pressure and compliance normalized, contractility initially increased then decreased towards high normal values, DO remained high normal and flow rate increased. In M, bladder pressure and DO decreased to above average normal levels. Compliance improved but did not normalize. Contractility initially stabilized, then decreased to just above the normal range. Flow‐rate increased. In L, bladder pressure and DO decreased to high normal. Compliance did not improve. Contractility decreased directly after de‐obstruction, stabilizing at an above normal level, flow‐rate increased.ConclusionsThe potential for functional recovery decreases with increasing loss of bladder function. At all stages of bladder dysfunction, voiding pressure appears to normalize after de‐obstruction. However, contractility remains high and compliance low. Such a bladder may be more vulnerable to new events of outflow obstruction than a low contractile, normal compliant bladder. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:782–788, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between subjective and objective assessments of sacral neuromodulation effectiveness in patients with urgency‐frequency
Authors: Peters Kenneth M. , Killinger Kim A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim A. , Villalba Paul S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsGlobal response assessment (GRA) has been used to evaluate patients' perceptions of treatment effectiveness. However, few studies have scrutinized the relationship between GRAs and objective voiding diary outcomes data. This study explores the relationship between self‐reported symptom‐specific GRA responses and objective changes in frequency, urgency and pelvic pain in patients with urgency‐frequency with or without pelvic pain after implantation of a prosthetic sacral nerve stimulation device.MethodsPatients scheduled for a staged procedure were enrolled in a prospective, observational, longitudinal study. Post implantation, patietns were grouped into “responders” or “non‐responders” based on their answers to symptom‐specific GRAs at three and six months. Treatment responders were defined as those reporting “moderately” or “markedly improved” on a 7‐point scale, and all others were considered non‐responders. Pre‐ and post‐implant changes in mean 24‐hour voiding frequency, voided volume, urgency and pelvic pain scores as recorded on voiding diaries were compared between groups using paired t‐test.ResultsAt three months, responders demonstrated corresponding statistically significant improvement in voiding frequency (P < 0.001), average voided volume (P = 0.003), urgency (P = 0.022) and pelvic pain (P = 0.039). At six months, responders demonstrated statistically significant improvements in frequency (P = 0.025) and urgency (P = 0.006). None of the symptom changes were statistically significant in treatment non‐responders.ConclusionsThe GRA non‐responders groups' perceptions of treatment response agreed with their objective changes in bothersome symptoms and responders' changes agreed with their perception of improvement in the majority of symptoms. Further study is needed to standardize the GRA, and explore its potential for use in clinical practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:775–778, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative Structure–Retention Relationship (QSRR) Study for Predicting Gas Chromatographic Retention Times for Some Stationary Phases
Authors: Beteringhe Adrian , Radutiu Ana C. , Culita Daniela C. , Mischie Alice , Spafiu Florica 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA QSPR study was realized in order to predict the Retention Times (RT) determined from interaction between two types of solutes (alcohols and esters) and six Stationary Phases (SPs), five of them specials (1a–e) and a classical one (OV‐25), by correlating the adjusted RTs, $\rm{ t'_{\rm{R}} }$ determined for each SPs at temperature between 70 and 140 °C with the values of molecular descriptors implemented in CODESSA program. New topological indices RAF (for alcohols) and ΔA (for esters) derived from local invariants of chemical graphs of alcohols and esters determine an increase in predictive power of models where these descriptors have been used.
Microscale hydrodynamics and coherent flow structures in rivers: Implications for the characterization of physical habitat
Authors: Harvey Gemma L. , Clifford Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTechniques for the rapid appraisal and documentation of water resources and habitat are increasingly utilized in a variety of legislative compliance situations and environmental management/design projects. Within river survey, the ‘physical biotope’ (i.e. riffles, runs, pools, glides) has been advocated as the basic unit of river habitat and an appropriate focus for stream reconnaissance and habitat assessments at the mesoscale of river systems. To date, however, much research into the hydraulic characterization of physical biotopes has focused on spatially‐ and temporally averaged velocity and depth measures, overlooking more detailed hydraulic parameters and variation at microscales, which may have more direct influences on the survival of individual organisms. This paper outlines the methodology, analytical techniques and initial results of a microscale exploration of the hydraulics of physical biotopes through the analysis of a range of turbulence properties. Results of the analyses offer both detailed descriptions of hydraulic habitat provided by the biotopes studied (related to various mechanisms of turbulence generation), as well as an indication of levels of ‘within‐biotope’ heterogeneity which gives rise to a conceptual classification. A continuum of increasing habitat complexity is observed from glide, to riffle, to pool biotopes, associated with the generation of turbulence and organization of flow structures and with the level of ‘internal’ spatial and temporal hydraulic heterogeneity. Physical biotope characterization approached in this way may offer a more robust and transferable classification compared to mesoscale methods, particularly if levels of within‐biotope heterogeneity are treated as an additional biotope characteristic. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodologic implications of social inequalities for analyzing health disparities in large spatiotemporal data sets: An example using breast cancer incidence data (Northern and Southern California, 1988–2002)
Authors: Chen Jarvis T. , Coull Brent A. , Waterman Pamela D. , Schwartz Joel , Krieger Nancy 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEfforts to monitor, investigate, and ultimately eliminate health disparitiesacross racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups can benefit greatly from spatiotemporal models that enable exploration of spatial and temporal variation in health. Hierarchical Bayes methods are well‐established tools in the statistical literature for fitting such models, as they permit smoothing of unstable small‐area rates. However, issues presented by ‘real‐life’ surveillance data can be a barrier to routine use of these models by epidemiologists. These include (1) shifting of regional boundaries over time, (2) social inequalities in racial/ethnic residential segregation, which imply differential spatial structuring across different racial/ethnic groups, and (3) heavy computational burdens for large spatiotemporal data sets. Using data from a study of changing socioeconomic gradients in female breast cancer incidence in two population‐based cancer registries covering the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles County, CA (1988–2002), we illustrate a two‐stage approach to modeling health disparities and census tract (CT) variation in incidence over time. In the first stage, we fit race‐ and year‐specific spatial models using CT boundaries normalized to the U.S. Census 2000. In stage 2, temporal patterns in the race‐ and year‐specific estimates of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic effects are explored using a variety of methods. Our approach provides a straightforward means of fitting spatiotemporal models in large data sets, while highlighting differences in spatial patterning across racial/ethnic population and across time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The power of testing a semi‐parametric shared gamma frailty parameter in failure time data
Authors: Rahgozar Mehdi , Faghihzadeh Soghrat , Babaee Rouchi Gholamreza , Peng Yingwei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractFrailty is usually modeled as an unobserved random variable acting multiplicatively on the baseline hazard function, where a shared unobserved quantity in the intensity induces a positive correlation among the observed failure times. Using the asymptotic properties of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for the gamma frailty model, we derive a power function for testing the shared frailty parameter and evaluate the effect of number of groups and number of individuals per groups on the power of the test by simulation studies. The results show that choosing between 8 and 25 groups with sample sizes between 200 and 500 individuals will be enough to get a high power. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Archimedean copula model selection under dependent truncation
Authors: Beaudoin D. , Lakhal‐Chaieb L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOne‐sided truncated survival data arise when a pair of time‐to‐event variables (X, Y) is observed only whenX<Y. Existing methods of analysis rely on the assumption of quasi‐independence betweenXandY. Recently, Lakhal‐Chaiebet al.(Biometrika2006;93:655–669) modeled potential dependency between these random variables via a semi‐survival Archimedean copula. In this paper, we present a model selection procedure to rank a set of semi‐survival Archimedean copula families according to their ability to fit a given data set subject to dependent truncation. The proposed procedure is based on a truncated version of Kendall's tau (J. Multivariate Anal. 1996;56:60–74). The performance of the proposal is illustrated through simulations and three real data sets. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.