bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of mass spectrometry in the study of non‐enzymatic protein glycation in diabetes: An update
Authors: Lapolla Annunziata , Fedele Domenico , Seraglia Roberta , Traldi Pietro 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRecent studies on non‐enzymatic protein glycation are reviewed, and results are critically discussed. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) levels in the body reflect a balance between their formation and catabolism. AGE proteolysis leads to the formation of low‐molecular‐weight AGE (AGE peptides) that are normally excreted in urine. In the case of diabetic disease and/or renal failure, AGE peptides accumulate in plasma. Because of their high reactivity, these compounds have been thought to play a role in the progression of chronic complications. The structural identification of these compounds is particularly important, and a strategy has been designed for their possible definition. A series of experiments has been devoted to the study of the enzymatic degradation products of in vitro glycated human serum albumin (HSA). This approach, based on different MS methods (LC/ESI/MS, LC/ESI/FTMS, MALDI), led to the detection of the glycated peptides generated by digestion of HSA. A further study was devoted to the possible identification of the peptides identified in the glycated HSA digestion products in the plasma of diabetic and nephropatic subjects. No glycated HSA digestion products were found in plasma samples of the subjects under investigation even if clear differences were found among the LC runs from populations of healthy, diabetic, and nephropatic subjects. Parallel investigations were devoted to the evaluation of glyoxal and methylglyoxal‐dicarbonyl compounds that originate at the intermediate stage of the Maillard reaction. This evaluation was performed in diabetic patients, before and after the achievement of good metabolic control, and in nephropatic patients subjected to peritoneal dialysis (PD). In the latter case, results indicated that these dicarbonyl compounds, already present in the dialysis fluids, show a decrease in plasma and in dialysis fluids; those data suggested their reaction at peritoneal membrane level. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of antimicrobial films containing basil extracts
Authors: Suppakul Panuwat , Miltz Joseph , Sonneveld Kees , Bigger Stephen W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe properties of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)‐based films containing either linalool or methylchavicol as antimicrobial (AM) additives were evaluated. Slight decreases in transparency, water vapour and oxygen transmission rates were found in the extruded films containing 0.34% w/w linalool or methylchavicol. The infrared (IR) spectra of the AM films were similar to that of additive‐free LDPE film. However, carbonyl peaks could also be observed in the spectra of the AM films. There was no significant difference in the degree of crystallinity and the melting temperature range of the different films. Derivative thermogravimetry mass‐loss curves showed that the thermal decomposition temperatures of the AM films were marginally lower than that of LDPE film. Electron micrographs indicated that AM LDPE‐based films exhibited no evidence of changes in microstructure to suggest that linalool and methylchavicol were not evenly distributed in the film. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large-scale coherent structures in the wake of axisymmetric bodies
Authors: Fuchs H. V. , Mercker E. , Michel U. 
Published: April 2006

The unsteady flow past a circular disk is studied with hot-wire and microphone probes positioned in planes normal to the axis of symmetry at 3 and 9 disk diameters down-stream. Both the fluctuating velocity and pressure signals are shown to be continuously dominated by large-scale coherent motions enveloping the wake flow as a whole. This suggests narrowband two-point space correlations as an experimental tool for describing spatial coherence and phase characteristics of the basically random signals. The specific symmetry imposed by the axisymmetric boundary conditions of the disk enables a decomposition of the large-scale flow phenomena into relatively simple elementary structures or modes. The resulting azimuthal constituents are quantified in terms of their respective magnitudes and individual power spectra.The capability of the approach to uncover characteristic features of turbulence as far as its large-scale domain is concerned is demonstrated by a comparison of the present results with certain remarkably different features found in earlier jet flow investigations: the m = 1 and m = 2 modes are found to clearly dominate in wakes whereas the m = 0 and m = 1 modes were dominant in jets in a relevant range of Strouhal numbers. These large-scale coherent structures are more than just an interesting flow phenomenon; they must have a tremendou back-reaction on rigid flow boundaries (particularly if these allow a vibrational response) and may give rise to specific feedback mechanisms.The analysing technique proposed for studying large-scale flow phenomena injets and wakes removes part of the randomness in the turbulent signals without artificially exciting or forcing them in one way or another. No conditional sampling of the naturally occurring fluctuations is required, either. The method may be applicable to other than strictly axisymmetric flow configurations, too.
Radiative interactions in boundary layers
Authors: Venkateshan S. P. , Prasad K. Krishna 
Published: April 2006

A detailed description of radiative interactions in laminar compressible boundary layers for moderate Mach numbers is presented by way of asymptotic analysis and supporting solutions. The radiation field is described by the differential approximation. While the asymptotic analysis is valid for largeN(the ratio of photon mean free path to molecular mean free path) and arbitrary Boltzmann number,Bo(the ratio of convective heat flux to radiation heat flux), the solutions are obtained forBo[Lt ] 1, the case of strong radiative interactions.The asymptotic analysis shows the existence of an optically thin boundary layer for largeNand allBo.ForBo[Lt ] 1, two outer regions are observed — one optically thin (at short distances from the leading edge) and the other optically thick (at large distances from the leading edge). An interesting feature not pointed out in the previous literature is the existence of a wall layer at large distances from the leading edge where convective heat flux can be ignored to the leading order of approximation. The radiation field in all cases can be very well approximated by a one-dimensional description.The solutions have been constructed using the ideas of matched asymptotic expansions by approximate analytical procedures and numerical methods. It is shown that, to the leading order of approximation, the radiation slip method yields exactly the same result as the more complicated matching procedure. Both the cases of linear and nonlinear radiation have been considered, the former being of interest in developing approximate methods which are subsequently generalized to handle the nonlinear problem. Detailed results are presented for both cases.
A ‘turbulent spot’ in an axisymmetric free shear layer. Part 1
Authors: Sokolov M. , Hussain A. K. M. F. , Kleis S. J. , Husain Z. D. 
Published: April 2006

A three-dimensional ‘turbulent spot’ has been induced in the axisymmetric free mixing layer of a 12.7 cm diameter air jet by a spark generated at the nozzle boundary layer upstream of the exit. The spot coherent-structure signature, buried in the large-amplitude random fluctuating signal, has been educed at three downstream stations within the apparent self-preserving region of the mixing layer (i.e. x/D = 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5) at the jet exit speed of 20 ms−1. The eduction has been performed through digital phase averaging of the spot signature from 200 realizations. In order to reduce the effect of the turbulence-induced jitter on the phase average, individual filtered signal arrays were optimally time-aligned through an iterative process of cross-correlation of each realization with the ensemble average. Further signal enhancement was achieved through rejection of realizations requiring excessive time shifts for alignment. The number of iterations required and the fraction of realizations rejected progressively increase with the downstream distance and the radial position.The mixing-layer spot is a large-scale elongated structure spanning the entire width of the layer but does not appear to exhibit a self-similar shape. The dynamics of the mixing-layer spot and its eduction are more complicated than those of the boundary-layer spot. The spot initially moves downstream essentially at a uniform speed across the mixing layer, but further downstream it accelerates on the high-speed side and decelerates on the low-speed side. This paper discusses the data acquisition and processing techniques and the results based on the streamwise velocity signals. Phase average distributions of vorticity, pseudo-streamlines, coherent and background Reynolds stresses and further dynamics of the spot are presented in part 2 (Hussain, Kleis & Sokolov 1980).
A quasi-linear theory for rotating flow over topography. Part 1. Steady β-plane channel
Authors: Davey Michael K. 
Published: April 2006

Steady rotating flow over topography in a periodic channel is examined, with emphasis on the interaction of waves, topography and mean flow. A simple quasi-linear theory is presented that features an implicit equation relating the net zonal flow to the forcing and topography. A good description of the dynamics is obtained, even when resonant Rossby waves appear. Multiple solutions for given external parameters are predicted in some cases, and confirmed by comparison with a fully nonlinear numerical model.The nonlinear results also indicate that the zonally averaged shear can be important when topographic effects or Rossby numbers are large. With this factor taken into account the theory gives good agreement with the fully nonlinear model, as long as eddy–eddy interactions are minor.The theory is relevant to the dynamics of planetary waves in the atmosphere, and may also be applied to some oceanic problems.
The extensional viscosity of a dilute suspension of spherical particles at intermediate microscale Reynolds numbers
Authors: Ryskin G. , Ryskin G. , Rallison J. M. 
Published: April 2006

The extensional viscosity of a dilute suspension of spherical particles (rigid spheres, viscous drops or gas bubbles) is computed for the case when the Reynolds number of the microscale disturbance motionRis not restricted to be small, as in the classical analysis of Einstein and Taylor. However, the present theory is restricted to steady axisymmetric pure straining flow (uniaxial extension). The rate of energy dissipation is expressed using the Bobyleff-Forsythe formula and then conditionally convergent integrals are removed explicitly. The problem is thereby reduced to a determination of the flow around a particle, subject to pure straining at infinity, followed (for rigid particles) by an evaluation of the volume integral of the vorticity squared. In the case of fluid particles, further integrals over the volume and surface of the particle are required. In the present paper, results are obtained numerically for 1 [les ]R[les ] 1000 for a rigid sphere, for a drop whose viscosity is equal to the viscosity of the ambient fluid, and for an inviscid drop (gas bubble). For the last case, limiting results are also obtained forR→ ∞ using Levich's approach.All of these results show a strain-thickening behaviour which increases with the viscosity of the particle. The possibility of experimental verification of the results, which is complicated by the inapplicability of the approximation of material frame-indifference in this case, is discussed.
LIFE BEYOND DEATH: READING FOR THE DEMONIC IN THE TEXTS OF MODIANO AND JAPRISOT
Authors: Best Victoria 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

In classic crime fiction the demonic is located first in the crime, which mobilizes the reparative function of narrative, and then in the criminal, whose identification ensures the security of the community. The pleasure of reading such texts is bound up with the localization and erasure of the demonic forces. However, the contemporary
roman noir
in France (particularly the works of Modiano and Japrisot) rewrites the elements of crime fiction, presenting texts without these triumphant conclusions — texts in which the protagonist is simultaneously victim, criminal and detective. They are, I suggest, part of an alternative tradition of the demonic in French fiction, which understands its force to be chronic rather than acute, a structural component of subjectivity. In this article I explore a psychoanalytic reading of these protagonists and of the demonic in its chronic manifestation, drawing on Žižek's reading of Lacan and placing this in contradistinction to the work of Freud. I shall also reconsider the reading experience, proposing, as an alternative to the plot-driven desire for closure, the possibility of reading for the demonic, with its concomitant desire for unpleasure and sustained radical ambiguity.
Erythema induratum of Bazin in an infant after Bacille Calmette‐Guerin vaccination
Authors: INOUE Tomoko , FUKUMOTO Takaya , ANSAI Shinichi , KIMURA Tetsunori 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTWe report the first case of erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) after Bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccination in an infant. The patient developed recurrent multiple erythematous and subcutaneous nodules on his legs 2 months after a BCG vaccination. He had no other symptoms or family history of tuberculosis (TB). Histopathological findings revealed a granulomatous lobular panniculitis. EIB often appears as a chronic, nodular eruptions that frequently occur on the lower legs of females with tuberculin hypersensitivity. To date, only a few cases of infants with EIB have been reported. There have been no clinical reports of EIB after BCG vaccination. Our case suggests that Mycobacterium bovis in the BCG vaccination may have caused EIB.
Evaluation of patients followed up in a cigarette cessation clinic
Authors: AKKAYA Ahmet , ÖZTÜRK ÖNder , COBANOĞLU Hafize , BIRCAN Haci Ahmet , ŞIMŞEK ŞEner , ŞAHIN ÜNal 
Published: April 2006

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics and factors determining success in a smoking cessation clinic in smokers who completed a 1‐year follow up.Method:  A total of 349 patients were assessed retrospectively.Results:  There were 238 men (mean age: 41 ± 13.5 years) and 111 women (mean age: 37 ± 11.9 years) (t‐test P = 0.004). The average age at which they began to smoke, number of years of smoking and the number of cigarettes/day were 17.5 ± 5.2 years (median 17), 22.1 ± 13.3 years, 23.5 ± 12.0, respectively. Cigarette smoking was mostly observed in university graduates (56.8%) and a moderate negative correlation existed between education status and smoking duration (r = −0.27, P = 0.000). Patients with a Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire score of ≥6 and those exposed to cigarette smoke in childhood tended to commence and become commited smokers later in life (χ2 = 4.915, P = 0.027). In all, 151 patients (43.26%) were successful in quitting (χ2 = 36.4, P = 0.000). Of these, 87 (24.93%) used medication such as nicotine patches (13.5%), bupropion (7.2%), nicotine patches + bupropion (4.3%) and 64 (18.33%) refused medication, but came for professional support.Conclusion:  Increased education level, behavioural therapy and intensive motivational support, follow‐up visits and phone calls all appear to play important roles in smoking cessation. Families also play a major role.
Correlation study between optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography in post‐membrane peeling recalcitrant macular oedema
Authors: Liu David TL , Lee Vincent YW , Kwok Madeline KM , Chan Wai‐Man , Lam Dennis SC 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCorrelation between optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography in a post‐membrane peeling patient indicated a surgically disturbed retinal vessel as the cause of recalcitrant macular oedema.
Protection of plants from frost using hydrophobic particle film and acrylic polymer
Authors: FULLER M P , HAMED F , WISNIEWSKI M , GLENN D M 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFrost damage to potatoes, grapevine and citrus plants was assessed following treatment with either an acrylic polymer (Antistress™) or with a hydrophobic particle film (CM‐96–018). In large freezing tests, the application of the hydrophobic particle film consistently led to less damage whilst the acrylic polymer led to the same amount or more damage when compared to control plants. Detailed examination of the freezing of leaves of all three species using infrared thermal imaging revealed that the hydrophobic particle film delayed the entry of ice from a frozen water droplet containing ice nucleating active bacteria and in some cases for the complete duration of the frost test. In contrast, the acrylic polymer was only able to influence the time of ice nucleation of the leaves of citrus plants. It was concluded that the hydrophobic particle film shows considerable promise as a frost protectant applied to susceptible crops just prior to a freezing event.
The transformation of spinal curvature into spinal deformity: pathological processes and implications for treatment
Authors: Hawes Martha C , O'Brien Joseph P 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Background
This review summarizes what is known about the pathological processes (e.g. structural and functional changes), by which spinal curvatures develop and evolve into spinal deformities.

Methods
Comprehensive review of articles (English language only) published on 'scoliosis,' whose content yielded data on the pathological changes associated with spinal curvatures. Medline, Science Citation Index and other searches yielded > 10,000 titles each of which was surveyed for content related to 'pathology' and related terms such as 'etiology,' 'inheritance,' 'pathomechanism,' 'signs and symptoms.' Additional resources included all books published on 'scoliosis' and available through the Arizona Health Sciences Library, Interlibrary Loan, or through direct contact with the authors or publishers.

Results
A lateral curvature of the spine–'scoliosis'–can develop in association with postural imbalance due to genetic defects and injury as well as pain and scarring from trauma or surgery. Irrespective of the factor that triggers its appearance, a sustained postural imbalance can result, over time, in establishment of a state of continuous asymmetric loading relative to the spinal axis. Recent studies support the longstanding hypothesis that spinal deformity results directly from such postural imbalance, irrespective of the primary trigger, because the dynamics of growth within vertebrae are altered by continuous asymmetric mechanical loading. These data suggest that, as long as growth potential remains, evolution of a spinal curvature into a spinal deformity can be prevented by reversing the state of continuous asymmetric loading.

Conclusion
Spinal curvatures can routinely be diagnosed in early stages, before pathological deformity of the vertebral elements is induced in response to asymmetric loading. Current clinical approaches involve 'watching and waiting' while mild reversible spinal curvatures develop into spinal deformities with potential to cause symptoms throughout life. Research to define patient-specific mechanics of spinal loading may allow quantification of a critical threshold at which curvature establishment and progression become inevitable, and thereby yield strategies to prevent development of spinal deformity.

Even within the normal spine there is considerable flexibility with the possibility of producing many types of curves that can be altered during the course of normal movements. To create these curves during normal movement simply requires an imbalance of forces along the spine and, extending this concept a little further, a scoliotic curve is produced simply by a small but sustained imbalance of forces along the spine. In fact I would argue that no matter what you believe to be the cause of AIS, ultimately the problem can be reduced to the production of an imbalance of forces along the spine [1].
Direct Effect of Progestogen on Gene Expression in the Testis during Gonadotropin Withdrawal and Early Suppression of Spermatogenesis
Authors: Walton Melanie J. , Bayne Rosemary A. L. , Wallace Ian , Baird David T. , Anderson Richard A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractContext: Testicular production of steroids and gametes is under gonadotropin support, but there is little information as to the molecular mechanisms by which these are regulated in the human. The testicular response to gonadotropin withdrawal is important for the development of effective contraceptive methods.Objective: Our objective was investigation of expression of genes in the normal human testis reflecting steroidogenesis, Sertoli cell function, and spermatogenesis after short-term gonadotropin withdrawal and the effects of activating testicular progesterone receptors.Design and Setting: We conducted a randomized controlled trial at a research institute.Patients: Thirty healthy men participated.Interventions: Subjects were randomized to no treatment or gonadotropin suppression by GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) with testosterone (CT group) or with additional administration of the gestogen desogestrel (CTD group) for 4 wk before testicular biopsy. Gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR.Results: Both treatment groups showed similar suppression of gonadotropins and sperm production and markedly reduced expression of steroidogenic enzymes. Addition of progestogen in the CTD group resulted in reduced expression of 5α-reductase type 1 compared with both controls and the CT group. Inhibin-α and the spermatocyte marker acrosin-binding protein were significantly lower in the CTD but not CT groups, compared with controls, but did not differ between treated groups. Men who showed greater falls in sperm production also showed reduced expression of these three genes but not of the spermatid marker protamine 1.Conclusions: These data provide evidence for direct progestogenic effects on the testis and highlight steroid 5α-reduction and disruption of spermiation as important components of the testicular response to gonadotropin withdrawal.
Self-sufficient Electron Injection from NADH to the Active Center of Flavin-Pendant Myoglobin
Authors: Hamachi Itaru , Nomoto Kana , Tanaka Shigeaki , Tajiri Yusuke , Shinkai Seiji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A riboflavin-appended myoglobin was successfully synthesized by the reconstitution of a chemically modified heme with apomyoglobin. Electron transfer from NADH to the heme active site was remarkably accelerated through a pendent riboflavin in the semi-artificial myoglobin.
Epoxidation of Olefins by Water Oxygen Catalyzed by Platinum Blue Complexes
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko , Mizuno Kazuhiro , Abe Takeya , Kinoshita Jun , Shimura Hideo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The first olefin epoxidation by water oxygen is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by platinum blue complexes and is the first example that water oxygen atom is introduced into epoxides in catalytic or stoichiometric reaction.