bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A metagenomic approach for determining prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in the fecal flora of conventionally raised feedlot steers and feedlot steers raised without antimicrobials
Authors: Harvey Rebekah , Funk Julie , Wittum Thomas E. , Hoet Armando E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in the fecal flora of conventionally raised feedlot steers and feedlot steers raised without antimicrobials.
Sample Population—61 fecal samples from conventionally raised steers and 61 fecal samples from steers raised without antimicrobials at a single feedlot.
Procedures—Total DNA was extracted from each fecal sample and analyzed by means of 4 multiplex PCR assays for 14 tetracycline resistance genes.
Results—At least 3 tetracycline resistance genes were identified in all 122 fecal samples. For 5 of the 14 tetracycline resistance genes, the percentage of samples in which the gene was detected was significantly higher for fecal samples from conventionally raised cattle than for fecal samples from antimicrobial-free cattle, and for 1 gene, the percent-age of samples in which the gene was detected was significantly higher for fecal samples from antimicrobial-free cattle than for fecal samples from conventionally raised cattle. The percentage of samples with r 11 tetracycline resistance genes was significantly higher for fecal samples from conventionally raised cattle (35/61 [57%]) than for fecal samples from antimicrobial-free cattle (16/61 [26%]).
Conclusions and Relevance—Results suggested that the prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes was significantly higher in the fecal flora of conventionally raised feedlot steers than in the fecal flora of feedlot steers raised without antimicrobials and that a metagenomic approach may be useful in understanding the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in food animals.
Measurement of N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide in plasma of cats with and without cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zimmering Tanja M. , Meneses Felix , Nolte Ingo J. , Simon Daniela 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether plasma N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (Nt-proANP) concentrations in cats with cardiomyopathy (CM) differ from values in healthy cats and evaluate whether plasma Nt-proANP concentrations can be used to discriminate cats with CM and congestive heart failure (CHF) from CM-affected cats without CHF.
Animals—16 cats that had CM without CHF, 16 cats that had CM with CHF, and 11 healthy control cats.
Procedures—All cats underwent a physical examination, assessment of clinicopathologic variables (including plasma thyroxine concentration), thoracic radiography, and echocardiography. On the basis of findings, cats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (control cats, cats with CM and CHF, and cats with CM without CHF). Venous blood samples were obtained from all 43 cats, and plasma Nt-proANP concentrations were measured by use of a human proANP(1-98) ELISA.
Results—Plasma Nt-proANP concentrations differed significantly among the 3 groups. Median Nt-proANP concentration was 381 fmol/mL (range, 52 to 450 fmol/mL), 763 fmol/mL (range, 167 to 2,386 fmol/mL), and 2,443 fmol/mL (range, 1,189 to 15,462 fmol/mL) in the control group, in cats with CM without CHF, and in cats with CM and CHF, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Measurement of plasma Nt-proANP concentration could be of benefit in the assessment of cats with naturally occurring CM and might have potential as a screening marker for the disease. Furthermore, measurement of plasma NtproANP concentration may be useful for distinguishing cats with CM and CHF from those with CM and no CHF.
Use of propafenone for conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation in horses
Authors: De Clercq Dominique , van Loon Gunther , Tavernier Rene , Verbesselt Rene , Deprez Piet 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of IV administration of propafenone for naturally occurring and experimentally induced chronic atrial fibrillation in horses.
Animals—2 horses with naturally occurring atrial fibrillation and 4 horses with pacing-induced atrial fibrillation.
Procedures—Horses received a bolus of propafenone (2 mg/kg, IV over 15 minutes). If atrial fibrillation persisted after 20 minutes, a continuous infusion of propafenone (7 μg/kg/min) was given for 120 minutes. Before, during, and after treatment, plasma propafenone concentrations, hematologic and serum biochemical values, and electolyte concentrations analyses were determined and clinical signs were monitored. Surface ECGs were recorded. If propafenone treatment failed, quinidine sulfate was administered.
Results—Bolus and continuous infusion induced minimal adverse effects. During the 15-minute bolus administration, a slight increase in heart rate was observed and horses appeared more sensitive to external stimuli. Throughout treatment, no significant changes were observed in respiratory rate, QRS or corrected QT duration, or results of hematologic analyses. Although a significant increase in F-wave interval and atrial fibrillation cycle length was observed and plasma propafenone concentrations (569 to 1,268 ng/mL) reached the human therapeutic range (64 to 1,044 ng/mL), none of the horses cardioverted to sinus rhythm. Sinus rhythm could be restored in all horses via standard oral administration of quinidine.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A slow IV bolus of 2 mg of propafenone/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 7 μg/kg/min over 2 hours was not an effective treatment for chronic atrial fibrillation in horses.
Application of an automated surveillancedata–analysis system in a laboratory-based early-warning system for detection of an abortion outbreak in mares
Authors: Odoi Agricola , Carter Craig N. , Riley Jeremy W. , Smith Jackie L. , Dwyer Roberta M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To develop an early-warning automated surveillance-data–analysis system for early outbreak detection and reporting and to assess its performance on an abortion outbreak in mares in Kentucky.
Sample Population—426 data sets of abortions in mares in Kentucky during December 2000 to July 2001.
Procedures—A custom software system was developed to automatically extract and analyze data from a Laboratory Information Management System database. The software system was tested on data on abortions in mares in Kentucky reported between December 1, 2000, and July 31, 2001. The prospective space-time permutations scan statistic, proposed by Kulldorff, was used to detect and identify abortion outbreak signals.
Results—Results indicated that use of the system would have detected the abortion outbreak approximately 1 week earlier than traditional surveillance systems. However, the geographic scale of analysis was critical for highest sensitivity in outbreak detection. Use of the lower geographic scale of analysis (ie, postal [zip code]) enhanced earlier detection of significant clusters, compared with use of the higher geographic scale (ie, county).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The automated surveillance-data–analysis system would be useful in early detection of endemic, emerging, and foreign animal disease outbreaks and might help in detection of a bioterrorist attack. Manual analyses of such a large number of data sets (ie, 426) with a computationally intensive algorithm would be impractical toward the goal of achieving near real-time surveillance. Use of this early-warning system would facilitate early interventions that should result in more positive health outcomes.
Evaluation of hepatic disease in mice following intradermal inoculation with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Authors: Nieto Nathan C. , Foley Janet E. , MacLachlan N. James , Yuan Tom , Spier Sharon J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate clinical, microbiologic, and pathologic outcomes in mice after inoculation with 4 equine-origin Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains.
Animals—15 C3H/HeJ mice.
Procedures—In a preliminary study, the optimum route of inoculation was determined. In the main study, mice were allocated to 4 treatment groups (3 mice/group). One slow- or rapid-growing equine-origin C pseudotuberculosis strain was inoculated ID into the mice of each treatment group.
Results—All 4 strains had distinct tropism for the liver. Histologic lesions associated with rapid-growing strains included focally extensive unencapsulated areas of acute, massive coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes with intralesional colonies of bacteria and variable portal hepatitis characterized by accumulations of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cells. In contrast, the livers of mice inoculated with slow-growing strains had multiple discrete, randomly distributed foci of hepatocellular necrosis and neutrophilic hepatitis that were considerably less severe than the lesions in the mice inoculated with the rapid-growing strains. Significantly more bacterial colonies were recovered from the organs of mice inoculated with rapid-growing than with slow-growing strains of bacteria. Bacteria were isolated from the liver, spleen, lungs, and mesenteric lymph nodes of mice inoculated with rapid-growing strains and from the liver and lymph nodes of mice inoculated with slow-growing strains.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Study of host-bacteria interactions in hosts that are naturally infected with C pseudotuberculosis is difficult because of underlying genetic variability among animals, expense, and requirements for multiple replicates and control animals. The C3H/HeJ mice may provide a useful means for studying virulence mechanisms of C pseudotuberculosis.
Evaluation of urodynamic procedures in female cats anesthetized with low and high doses of isoflurane and propofol
Authors: Cohen Todd A. , Westropp Jodi L. , Kass Philip H. , Pypendop Bruno H. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare effects of isoflurane and propofol on the cystometrogram and urethral pressure profile (UPP) in healthy female cats.
Animals—6 healthy female cats.
Procedures—Cats were anesthetized, and a consistent plane of anesthesia was maintained with low and high doses of isoflurane and propofol. A 6-F double-lumen urinary catheter was placed aseptically in the urethra for cystometrogram and UPP measurements. Threshold pressure and volume were recorded for cystometrograms. Maximum urethral pressure for smooth and skeletal muscle portions of the urethra, maximum urethral closure pressure, and functional profile length were measured during each UPP measurement. Heart rate and respiratory rate were recorded.
Results—Cats anesthetized with the low dose of propofol had consistent detrusor reflexes, compared with results for the other anesthetics. Mean ± SD threshold pressure, volume per unit of body weight, and compliance were 75.7 ± 16.3 cm H2O, 8.3 ± 3.2 mL/kg, and 0.5 ± 0.4 mL/cm H2O, respectively, for low-dose propofol. Anesthesia with either dose of propofol caused a significantly higher percentage change in heart rate during the cystometrogram, compared with results for anesthesia with isoflurane. Maximal urethral pressure in the area corresponding to skeletal muscle and the maximum urethral closure pressure were significantly higher for the low dose of propofol, compared with results for the high dose of propofol.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The low-dose propofol regimen was the easiest to titrate and maintain and yielded diagnostic-quality detrusor reflexes in all 6 cats. Anesthetic depth should be titrated appropriately when performing urodynamic procedures.
Behavioural and cardiorespiratory effects of a constant rate infusion of medetomidine and morphine for sedation during standing laparoscopy in horses
Authors: SOLANO A. M. , VALVERDE A. , DESROCHERS A. , NYKAMP S. , BOURE L. P. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: Standing surgical procedures are performed commonly in horses under sedation. This approach minimises the morbidity/mortality risks associated with general anaesthesia. The use of a medetomidine and morphine combination has not been investigated in horses despite the usefulness of each drug individually.Objective: To determine the efficacy of a medetomidine and morphine combination to produce standing sedation with minimal cardiorespiratory changes and adequate analgesia for exploratory laparascopy in mature horses.Hypothesis: The combination of medetomidine and morphine will induce reliable sedation with minimal cardiorespiratory changes.Methods: Medetomidine (5 μg/kg bwt i.v.) followed in 10 min by morphine (50 μg/kg bwt i.v.) and 10 min later by a constant rate infusion (CRI) of medetomidine and morphine (5 and 30 μg/kg bwt/h, respectively) was administered in 7 horses undergoing standing exploratory laparoscopy. Quality of sedation and cardiorespiratory function were assessed.Results: Sedation was satisfactory after the medetomidine and morphine bolus. The CRI of both drugs enhanced sedation and ataxia. Mean visual analogue scores on a scale of 10 varied between 7.8 and 8.8 and were similar between anaesthesiologists and surgeons. Heart rate, respiratory rate and packed cell volume (PCV) decreased significantly after medetomidine and, at some periods, during the CRI. Blood pressure only increased significantly at 5 min and arterial O2decreased significantly at 10 min post medetomidine. PCV remained significantly lower and total protein decreased post morphine and CRI administration. Arterial CO2increased towards the end of the CRI. Cardiac output did not change significantly over time.Conclusion and clinical relevance: The combination of medetomidine and morphine results in reliable sedation and stable cardiorespiratory function in horses undergoing exploratory laparascopy.
Oral endoscopy as an aid to diagnosis of equine cheek tooth infections in the absence of gross oral pathological changes: 17 cases
Authors: RAMZAN P. H. L. 
Published: February 2009

Summary Reasons for performing study: Removal of cheek teeth in all but the aged horse or pony is a serious undertaking with potentially deleterious sequellae. Rigid endoscopy permits detailed examination of the oral cavity and erupted dental tissues and has the potential to assist in the correct identification of the diseased tooth. Objectives: To document oral endoscopic findings associated with infected equine cheek teeth in cases without gross oral pathological changes and thereby determine the usefulness of rigid oral endoscopy as an aid to diagnosis of such infections. Methods: Records of all cases of equine cheek tooth removal attempted under standing sedation over a 38 month period were examined. Cases were excluded from the study if apical infection was associated with gross dental fracture, malalignment, diastema/periodontal pocketing or supernumerary teeth. Endoscopic and radiographic findings were analysed and correlated to diseased tooth location. Results: Seventeen cases of apical dental infection fitting the inclusion criteria (nonresponsive to antibiotics and with no gross oral abnormality of the affected arcade) were identified in which oral endoscopy was used as an aid to diagnosis. In 15 (88%) of the 17 cases, oral endoscopy revealed abnormalities specific to the infected tooth. Focal gingival recession (10/17 cases) was the most common visible abnormality associated with infected teeth. Conclusions: In the majority of cases of apical infection of equine cheek teeth there is visible intraoral evidence implicating the affected tooth. Potential relevance: Oral endoscopy facilitates detailed examination of the mouth and should be considered along with radiography as an important aid to diagnosis in cases of equine dental infection.
Osteoarthritis of the thoracolumbar synovial intervertebral articulations: Clinical and radiographic features in 77 horses with poor performance and back pain
Authors: GIRODROUX M. , DYSON S. , MURRAY R. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: Back pain is well recognised as a cause of poor performance in horses, but the role of lesions of the thoracolumbar synovial intervertebral articulations (facet joints) has not been well documented.Objectives: To describe the clinical features, radiographic appearance and location of facet joint lesions and determine if there was any breed, gender, age, bodyweight or work discipline predilection.Methods: Data from 77 horses examined at the Animal Health Trust January 1997‐September 2007 with evidence of thoracolumbar pain and radiographic changes of the facet joints were reviewed. The presence of either other osseous abnormalities of the thoracolumbar region or other problems potentially contributing to poor performance were recorded. Facet joint lesions were graded radiographically and their location determined. Influence of breed, gender and discipline on the presence of lesions, effect of location on the type of lesion and the influence of impinging dorsal spinous processes on the clinical features were assessed using Chi‐squared tests.Results: There was no effect of breed, gender, age or bodyweight on occurrence of facet joint lesions. Showjumpers were significantly less affected than horses from other disciplines. There were commonly 2–5 affected facet joints, usually in the caudal thoracic and cranial lumbar spine (T15‐LI). Sclerosis, periarticular new bone and narrowing of the joint space were the most frequent radiographic lesion types. Clinical features were significantly different between horses with and without impinging dorsal spinous processes. Severity of clinical signs was related to the presence of other osseous abnormalities, not the number of facet joints involved or the lesion grade.Conclusions: Osteoarthritis of the facet joints of the thoracolumbar spine can occur alone, in horses with back pain, or in association with other osseous abnormalities.Potential clinical relevance: Osteoarthritis of the thoracolumbar facet joints probably contributes to back pain, but further investigation of the prevalence of osteoarthritis in horses without clinical signs of back pain is merited.
Is there a relationship between clinical presentation, diagnostic and radiographic findings and outcome in horses with osteoarthritis of the small tarsal joints?
Authors: BYAM‐COOK K. L. , SINGER E. R. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryReasons for performing study: Despite the possibility that sound horses may have radiographic signs consistent with osteoarthritis of the small tarsal joints (OA‐STJ), a diagnosis of ‘bone spavin’ as a cause of lameness is often made based only on radiographic examination.Objectives: To determine whether severity of radiographic change and response to treatment are correlated with the duration and degree of lameness and the response to intra‐articular anaesthesia in horses with OA‐STJ.Methods: A retrospective study of all horses that showed a positive response to intra‐articular anaesthesia of the STJ was performed. Details of history, clinical presentation and diagnostic findings were recorded. Radiographs of affected tarsi were evaluated and scored independently by 2 observers. Follow‐up was via a telephone questionnaire with the owner. Statistical analysis was used to assess the association between the duration and degree of lameness, the response to intra‐articular anaesthesia and radiographic findings. Response to treatment was compared with the findings from the diagnostic work‐up.Results: Ninety‐one horses were included (61 unilateral and 30 bilateral lameness). Fifty‐nine percent of horses had been lame for over 2 months. There was no association between the duration and degree of lameness, or between duration or degree of lameness, intra‐articular anaesthesia and radiographic findings. Response to treatment showed a significant positive association with less severe radiographic changes within the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint. Follow‐up was available for 48% of cases, with 52% horses returning to the same level of exercise.Conclusions: There is no association between the duration and degree of lameness, the response to intra‐articular anaesthesia and radiographic findings in horses with OA‐STJ. However, horses that improved following treatment tended to have less marked TMT joint pathology.Potential relevance: Response to intra‐articular anaesthesia should remain the gold standard for diagnosis of OA‐STJ. Predicting which cases are likely to improve following treatment remains difficult.
Intra‐ and interobserver agreement in the interpretation of navicular bones on radiographs and computed tomography scans
Authors: GROTH A. M. , MAY S. A. , WEAVER M. P. , WELLER R. 
Published: February 2009

Summary Reasons for performing study: Criteria for the radiographic evaluation of navicular bones in horses have been published to standardise classification of radiographic signs. However, intra‐ and interobserver agreement have not been established. Objective: To determine intra‐ and interobserver agreement in the evaluation of radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) navicular changes. It was hypothesised that: 1) intraobserver agreement would be better than interobserver agreement; 2) agreement would be better for CT than for radiography; and 3) pathological changes would be recognised with greater certainty with CT. Methods: Radiographs and CT scans of 60 cadaver navicular bones were evaluated by 3 observers using published criteria. A subset of 30 studies was evaluated twice by one observer. Agreement was tested using the kappa statistic. Certainty about pathological changes was evaluated by giving the observers the option to choose ‘not sure’. Results: Agreement varied from poor to almost perfect for radiographic evaluation and from poor to substantial for CT evaluation. For radiographic evaluation mean interobserver agreement was fair, as it was for CT evaluation. For radiographic evaluation mean intraobserver agreement was moderate as it was for CT evaluation. Pathological changes were evaluated with greater certainty on CT scans compared to radiographs; however, this was not associated with improved agreement. Conclusions: Variations in classification of navicular lesions in radiographic and CT studies were considerable between and within observers and challenge the use of such studies for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Potential relevance: The results of this study allowed the identification of evaluation criteria with sufficient precision to be useful for navicular bone evaluation.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with t(7;11)(p15;p15) and NUP98‐HOXA11 fusion
Authors: Mizoguchi Yoko , Fujita Naoto , Taki Tomohiko , Hayashi Yasuhide , Hamamoto Kazuko 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe t(7;11)(p15;p15) translocation has been reported as a rare and recurrent chromosomal abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The NUP98‐HOXA9 fusion gene with t(7;11)(p15;p15) was identified and revealed to be essential for leukemogenesis and myeloproliferative disease. To date, t(7;11)(p15;p15) with NUP98‐HOXA11 fusion has been reported only in one case of ph‐negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here, we report a case of a 3‐year‐old girl with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) carrying t(7;11)(p15;p15) abnormality with NUP98‐HOXA11 fusion. AML chemotherapy followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was found to be effective in treating this disorder, and she remains in complete remission for 3 years after BMT. We suggest the possibility that AML chemotherapy might be effective for treating JMML with t(7;11)(p15;p15) abnormality and NUP98‐HOXA11 fusion. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.