bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QTL for Body Composition on Chromosome 7 Detected Using a Chromosome Substitution Mouse Strain
Authors: Reed Danielle R. , McDaniel Amanda H. , Avigdor Mauricio , Bachmanov Alexander A. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: Previous studies in mice have detected quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 7 that affect body composition. As a step toward identifying the responsible genes, we compared a chromosome 7 substitution strain C57BL/6J‐Chr7129S1/SvImJ/Na (CSS‐7) to its host (C57BL/6J) strain.Methods and Procedures: Fourteen‐week‐old mice were measured for body size (weight, length), organ weight (brain, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen), body and bone composition (fat and lean weight; bone area, mineral content, and density), and individual adipose depot weights (gonadal, retroperitoneal, mesenteric, inguinal, and subscapular). Differences between the CSS‐7 strain and the host strain were interpreted as evidence for the presence of one or more QTLs on chromosome 7.Results: Using this criterion, we detected QTLs for body weight, bone area, bone mineral content, brain, and heart weight, most adipose depot weights and some indices of fatness. A few strain differences were more pronounced in males (e.g., most adiposity measures) and others were more pronounced in females (e.g., bone area). QTLs for body length, lean weight, bone mineral density, and kidney, spleen, and liver weight were not detected.Discussion: This study found several associations that suggest one or more QTLs specific to the weight of select tissues and organs exist on mouse chromosome 7. Because these loci are detectable on a fixed and uniform genetic background, they are reasonable targets for high‐resolution mapping and gene identification using a congenic approach.
BMI and Headache Among Women: Results From 11 Epidemiologic Datasets
Authors: Keith Scott W. , Wang Chenxi , Fontaine Kevin R. , Cowan Charles D. , Allison David B. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To evaluate the association between BMI (kg/m2) and headaches among women.Methods and Procedures: Cross‐sectional analysis of 11 datasets identified after searching for all large publicly available epidemiologic cohort study datasets containing relevant variables. Datasets included National Health Interview Survey (NHIS): 1997–2003, the first National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey, Alameda County Health Study (ACHS), Tecumseh Community Health Study (TCHS), and Women's Health Initiative (WHI). The women (220,370 in total) were aged 18 years or older and had reported their headache or migraine status.Results: Using nonlinear regression techniques and models adjusted for age, race, and smoking, we found that increased BMI was generally associated with increased likelihood of headache or severe headache among women. A BMI of ∼20 was associated with the lowest risk of headache. Relative to a BMI of 20, mild obesity (BMI of 30) was associated with roughly a 35% increase in the odds for experiencing headache whereas severe obesity (BMI of 40) was associated with roughly an 80% increase in odds. Results were essentially unchanged when models were further adjusted for socioeconomic variables, alcohol consumption, and hypertension. Being diagnosed with migraine showed no association with BMI.Discussion: Among US women, a BMI of ∼20 (about the 5th percentile) was associated with the lowest likelihood of headache. Consistently across studies, obese women had significantly increased risk for headache. By contrast, the risk for diagnosed migraine headache per se was not obviously related to BMI. The direction of causation and mechanisms of action remain to be determined.
The Longitudinal Relationship Between Body Composition and Patella Cartilage in Healthy Adults
Authors: Teichtahl Andrew J. , Wang Yuanyuan , Wluka Anita E. , Szramka Maxine , English Dallas R. , Giles Graham G. , O'Sullivan Richard , Cicuttini Flavia M. 
Published: January 2008

Background: Although obesity is a risk factor for patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), it is unclear whether the components of body composition, such as muscle and fat mass, are major determinants of articular cartilage properties at the patella.Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether anthropometric and body composition measures, assessed over 10 years, were related to articular patella cartilage volume and defects in healthy adults with no clinical knee OA.Methods and Procedures: Two hundred and ninety‐seven healthy, community‐based adults aged 50–79 years with no clinical history of knee OA were recruited. Anthropometric and body composition (fat‐free mass and fat mass) data were measured at baseline (1990–1994) and follow‐up (2003–2004). Patella cartilage volume and defects were assessed at follow‐up (2003–2004) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, increased measures of obesity (weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass) at baseline and follow‐up were associated with an increased risk for the presence of patella cartilage defects at follow‐up for both men and women (all P ≤ 0.03). Increased baseline values for these variables tended to be associated with reduced patella cartilage volume at follow‐up for women (all P ≤ 0.11), but not men (all P ≤ 0.87).Discussion: We have demonstrated that increased anthropometric measures of obesity, as well as fat mass, are associated with an increased risk for the presence of patella cartilage defects in both men and women. Women, but not men, with greater baseline body mass, particularly adipose‐derived mass, appear to have an associated reduction in their patella cartilage volume. Interventions targeting a reduction in adipose tissue may help reduce the risk for the onset and progression of patellofemoral OA, particularly in women.
Effect of a Polymorphism in the ND1 Mitochondrial Gene on Human Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function
Authors: Jackman Matthew R. , Ravussin E. , Rowe M.J. , Pratley R. , Milner M.R. , Willis W.T. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: A non‐silent polymorphism in the mitochondrial coding region of the ND1 gene, a subunit of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase is associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR) in 245 non‐diabetic Pima Indians. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of the ND1 gene polymorphism on mitochondrial function in 14 male Pima Indians.Methods and Procedures: Seven subjects with an A at site 3547 of the ND1 gene (Ile at amino acid 81), and seven with a G at this site (Val) were studied. Mitochondria were isolated from 0.8 to 1.5 g of skeletal muscle obtained by needle biopsy of the lateral quadriceps muscle. In intact mitochondria, maximal (state‐3) and resting (state‐4) respiration rates were measured polarographically at 37 °C with a variety of single substrates or substrate combinations. Disrupted mitochondria were analyzed for maximal capacities through the entire electron transport chain (ETC) (NADH oxidase (NADHOX)), as well as through a segment of Complex I that is independent of the ND1 component (NADH‐ferricyanide (NADH‐FeCN) reductase).Results: Mitochondria were well coupled and exhibited higher respiratory control ratios (RCRs) than rodent muscle. There were no differences between the two groups for any of the measured parameters.Discussion: These results indicate that the cause of the observed association between RMR and the ND1 polymorphism is not related to in vitro mitochondrial function.
Modifying Effects of IL‐6 Polymorphisms on Body Size–Associated Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Curtin Karen , Sweeney Carol , Wolff Roger K. , Baumgartner Richard N. , Baumgartner Kathy B. , Giuliano Anna R. , Byers Tim 
Published: January 2008

Objective: The association between obesity and breast cancer risk is complex. We examined whether the association between body size and breast cancer risk is modified by interleukin‐6 (IL6) genotype.Methods and Procedures: Five polymorphisms in the IL‐6 gene (rs1800797/‐596A>G, rs1800796/‐572G>C, rs1800795/‐174G>C, rs2069832/IVS2G>A, and rs2069849 exon 5 C>T) were studied. We investigated IL6 genotypes and haplotypes with indicators of body size among non‐Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic/American Indian (AI) breast cancer cases and controls living in the Southwestern United States.Results: We observed lower mean levels of BMI among NHW women who carried one or two copies of the GGCAC haplotype (in order: rs1800797, rs1800796, rs1800795, rs2069832, and rs2069849; P trend 0.02). This haplotype, with an estimated frequency of 43% in NHW study controls, was considerably less common in Hispanic/AI controls (19%). We did not detect significant interactions between IL6 genotypes or haplotypes and BMI categorized as low/normal (<25), overweight (25 to <30), or obese (≥30) and breast cancer risk in either NHW or Hispanic/AI women. However, we detected consistent and significant interactions between waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and IL6 rs1800795/‐174 G>C genotype for breast cancer risk. These associations were restricted to postmenopausal NHW women. Among women without recent hormone exposure, those with a WHR >0.9 and the rs1800795 GG genotype had a greater than threefold increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratios (ORs) 3.22, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.27, 817) when compared with women with a WHR <0.8 and the rs1800795 GG genotype (P interaction 0.01).Discussion: These data suggest that IL‐6 genotypes may influence breast cancer risk in conjunction with central adiposity.
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride Increases Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults
Authors: Lorello Claudio , Goldfield Gary S. , Doucet Éric 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To examine the effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) on resting energy expenditure (REE) and postprandial energy expenditure (PEE) and substrate partitioning.Methods and Procedures: Seven healthy men and seven healthy women participated in this double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study. MPH (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo was administered orally in the fasting state, 60 min before a REE measurement, and 90 min before a standardized breakfast of ∼650 kcal. REE, PEE, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were obtained from indirect calorimetry. Body composition was measured using DEXA. Vital signs (blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR)) were assessed pre‐ and post‐administration of MPH or placebo in every session.Results: During the, MPH condition, REE increased over values observed during the placebo session (7%, P < 0.001). No changes in fasting RER were noted. Although PEE continually decreased with time as expected, MPH treatment resulted in significantly greater PEE values at 90 min (5%, P < 0.01). No significant effects of MPH were found for vital signs (HR, systolic, and diastolic BP).Discussion: MPH causes a significant increase in both REE and PEE without the significant changes in HR and BP that are commonly associated with psychostimulant use.
Effects of IL‐15 on Rat Brown Adipose Tissue: Uncoupling Proteins and PPARs
Authors: Almendro Vanessa , Fuster Gemma , Busquets Sílvia , Ametller Elisabet , Figueras Maite , Argilés Josep M. , López‐Soriano Francisco J. 
Published: January 2008

Objectives: Interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) plays an important role in lipid metabolism as its administration to rats causes a marked depletion of white adipose tissue (WAT). This reduction in fat mass seems to be caused by and related to hipotriglyceridemia as a result of a lower hepatic lipogenesis and an increased fatty acid oxidation. We have previously observed that IL‐15 treatment induces the expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IL‐15 on brown adipose tissue (BAT), and in particular on genes related to lipid metabolism in this tissue.Methods and Procedures: Male Wistar rats were treated daily with IL‐15 for 7 days. Adipose tissues were collected and the mRNA content of UCPs, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs) and several genes implicated in fatty acid transport and oxidation were evaluated on BAT.Results: IL‐15 treatment in rats causes a decrease in the mass of both WAT and BAT (35 and 24%, respectively). In BAT, an important upregulation of the mRNA content of thermogenic proteins (UCP1 and UCP3), lipid‐related transcription factors (PPARδ and PPARα) and other proteins implicated in membrane transport (fatty acid translocase (FAT) and fatty acid transport protein (FATP)), mitochondrial transport (carnitine palmitoyl transferase‐I (CPT‐I) and CPT‐II) and consumption (acyl‐CoA synthetase 4 (ACS4)) of fatty acids was observed as a consequence of the treatment.Discussion: The changes observed in BAT suggest that IL‐15 could be implicated in lipid consumption in this tissue by regulating lipid oxidation and probably thermogenesis, processes mediated by UCPs and PPARs.
Effect of Group Racial Composition on Weight Loss in African Americans
Authors: Ard Jamy D. , Kumanyika Shiriki , Stevens Victor J. , Vollmer William M. , Samuel‐Hodge Carmen , Kennedy Betty , Gayles Debra , Appel Lawrence J. , Brantley Phillip J. , Champagne Catherine , Charleston Jeanne , Svetkey Laura P. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: We do not know how racial composition of a group influences behavior change for African Americans (AAs) in group‐based weight loss programs. We tested the hypothesis that AA who participate in all AA weight loss intervention groups will lose more weight than AA who participate in mixed race groups.Methods and Procedures: This observational study was ancillary to Phase 1 of the Weight Loss Maintenance Study, a multi‐center trial of strategies to maintain weight loss after a 20‐week behavior modification program. Three of four centers recruited several all‐AA intervention groups. Remaining groups were combinations of AA and non‐AA participants. All participants received the same weight loss intervention. Change in weight was the primary outcome, comparing participants of all‐AA groups with AA participants of mixed race groups conducted by the same AA interventionists. Secondary outcomes included measures of intervention adherence and behavior change.Results: Participants of all‐AA groups (n = 271) were comparable to other AA participants (n = 106). The mean proportion of AA in mixed race groups was 56%. All‐AA group participants had similar weight loss as those in mixed groups (−4.2 vs. −4.2 kg, P = 0.97). There were no differences between the groups in mean number of sessions attended or changes in dietary intake.Discussion: Significant weight loss was observed in both groups, with no effect of group composition on adherence or weight loss outcomes. Special logistics to accommodate all‐AA groups may not be necessary. Despite varying instructional environments, AA appeared to respond positively to intervention messages with significant changes in dietary intake, physical activity (PA), and weight.
Plasma Visfatin Concentration as a Surrogate Marker for Visceral Fat Accumulation in Obese Children
Authors: Araki Shunsuke , Dobashi Kazushige , Kubo Kazuyasu , Kawagoe Rinko , Yamamoto Yukiyo , Kawada Yasusada , Asayama Kohtaro , Shirahata Akira 
Published: January 2008

Objective: This study was designed to elucidate whether the plasma visfatin level reflects visceral or subcutaneous fat accumulation and metabolic derangement in obese children.Methods and Procedures: Fifty‐six obese Japanese children, including 37 boys and 19 girls were enrolled in the study. The age of the subjects ranged from 5 to 15 (10.2 ± 0.3; mean ± s.e.m.) years. The age‐matched control group for measuring visfatin consisted of 20 non‐obese children. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas were measured by computed tomography. The plasma concentrations for visfatin and leptin were assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits.Results: The plasma visfatin level was higher in the obese (14.7 ± 0.9 ng/ml) than in the control children (8.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml). In a univariate analysis, the visfatin correlated significantly with age, height, body weight, waist circumference, VAT and SAT area, triglyceride (TG), insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐R). After being adjusted for age and sex, only the VAT area retained significant partial correlation with visfatin, and in contrast the body weight, BMI–s.d., and SAT area with leptin. The plasma visfatin concentration was not correlated with leptin. The plasma visfatin levels in the control, non‐metabolic syndrome (MS) (n = 49), and MS groups (n = 7) were significantly different from each other.Discussion: These results suggest that plasma visfatin level is a specific marker for visceral fat accumulation in obese children. As a good surrogate marker, plasma visfatin level can predict the VAT area in obese children.
Predictive Equations for Body Fat and Abdominal Fat With DXA and MRI as Reference in Asian Indians
Authors: Goel Kashish , Gupta Nidhi , Misra Anoop , Poddar Pawan , Pandey Ravindra M. , Vikram Naval K. , Wasir Jasjeet S. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To develop accurate and reliable equations from simple anthropometric parameters that would predict percentage of total body fat (%BF), total abdominal fat (TAF), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT), and intra‐abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) with a fair degree of accuracy.Methods and Procedures: Anthropometry, %BF by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 171 healthy subjects (95 men and 76 women) and TAF, IAAT, and SCAT by single slice magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at L3–4 intervertebral level in 100 healthy subjects were measured. Mean age and BMI were 32.2 years and 22.9 kg/m2, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was used on the training data set (70%) to develop equations, by taking anthropometric and demographic variables as potential predictors. Predicted equations were applied on validation data set (30%).Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed the best equation for predicting %BF to be: %BF = 42.42 + 0.003 × age (years) + 7.04 × gender (M = 1, F = 2) + 0.42 × triceps skinfold (mm) + 0.29 × waist circumference (cm) − 0.22 × weight (kg) − 0.42 × height (cm) (R 2 = 86.4%). The most precise predictive equation for estimating IAAT was: IAAT (mm2) = −238.7 + 16.9 × age (years) + 934.18 × gender (M = 1, F = 2) + 578.09 × BMI (kg/m2) − 441.06 × hip circumference (cm) + 434.2 × waist circumference (cm) (R 2 = 52.1%). SCAT was best predicted by: SCAT (mm2) = −49,376.4 − 17.15 × age (years) + 1,016.5 × gender (M = 1, F = 2) +783.3 × BMI (kg/m2) + 466 × hip circumference (cm) (R 2 = 67.1).Discussion: We present predictive equations to quantify body fat and abdominal adipose tissue sub‐compartments in healthy Asian Indians. These equations could be used for clinical and research purposes.
Metabolic Syndrome Is not a Risk Factor for Kidney Dysfunction in Obese Non‐diabetic Subjects
Authors: Gatti Alessandra , Morini Eleonora , De Cosmo Salvatore , Maiani Francesca , Mandosi Elisabetta , Fallarino Mara , Morano Susanna , Trischitta Vincenzo 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To investigate whether insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are associated with kidney dysfunction in obese non‐diabetic (OND) subjects.Methods and Procedures: Three‐hundred and eighty (113M/267F; age = 41 ± 14 years) OND subjects (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; range = 43 ± 8 kg/m2) were studied. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and serum creatinine were evaluated. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated (e‐GFR) with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as e‐GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2.Results: e‐GFR was associated with gender (being lower in women) (P = 0.001) and age (P < 0.0001). CKD was present in 32 subjects (8.4%), who were older (P < 0.0001) and more frequently affected by hypertension (P = 0.04) as compared to subjects without CKD. MS was present in 212 (55.8%) subjects. They were older (P< 0.001), had lower e‐GFR (P = 0.02) and were more frequently affected by CKD (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3, 1.1–5.1) than those without MS. However, differences in e‐GFR values and in the risk of CKD were no longer statistically significant after adjusting for age (P = 0.99 for e‐GFR and OR, 95% CI = 1.2, 0.5–2.8 for the risk of CKD, respectively). Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMAIR) index was neither higher in subject with CKD (P = 0.1) nor inversely correlated with e‐GFR (r = 0.1, P = 0.1).Discussion: In OND individuals the risk of CKD is independent of the MS and related abnormalities. This suggests that these individuals are not susceptible to a further deleterious role on kidney function on the top of that played by obesity itself.
Contribution of the Functional 5‐HTTLPR Variant of the SLC6A4 Gene to Obesity Risk in Male Adults
Authors: Sookoian Silvia , Gianotti Tomas F. , Gemma Carolina , Burgueño Adriana , Pirola Carlos J. 
Published: January 2008

Background: A polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter (5‐HTTLPR) gene SLC6A4 shows functionally important 44‐bp insertion/deletion alleles: long (L) and short (S). We have previously found that the S allele is a genetic risk factor for obesity in adolescents.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the S/L variant of the SLC6A4 gene is associated with BMI as a continuous trait and also with obesity in a large sample of adult men of European ancestry included in a cross‐sectional, population‐based study.Methods and Procedures: The study group was composed of individuals who were randomly recruited from a factory in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area and who underwent an annual health examination.Results: We observed that among 1,329 unrelated subjects, aged 34.6 ± 0.3 years, age‐adjusted BMI values (expressed as mean ± s.e.) for each genotype showed statistically significant differences across genotypic groups (LL: 25.4 ± 0.2, LS: 26.0 ± 0.1 and SS: 26.7 ± 0.2, P < 0.0002). In addition, association tests showed that the 5‐HTTLPR‐genotype distribution was significantly different between 692 lean (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) and 637 obese (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) individuals. We found a 1.36 odds ratio (OR) (95% CI 1.01–1.85) for obesity in SS carriers in comparison with LL carriers, P = 0.026.Discussion: In conclusion, our findings indicate that 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism may be linked with BMI and also with obesity and/or overweight in adult male population, reinforcing the role of the serotonin transporter as a risk factor for the obesity phenotype and suggesting potential new avenues for its pharmacological treatment.