bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goitrogenic effects in offspring of swine fed sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim in late gestation
Authors: Blackwell Timothy E. , Werdin Ronald E. , Eisenmenger Michael C. , FitzSimmons Mark A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Effects of feeding sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim to sows and gilts in late gestation were evaluated. One sow and 2 gilts were randomly selected and were fed 1 of 3 rations: (1) a gestation ration from farm A, where congenital goiter in newborn pigs was a problem, (2) gestation ration from farm A containing 275 g of sulfadimethoxine and 55 g of ormetoprim/100 kg of ration, or (3) standard swine gestation ration containing 275 g of sulfadimethoxine and 55 g of ormetoprim/100 kg of ration. Sows and gilts were fed the appropriate ration for 22 to 58 days before farrowing. The numbers of stillborn or weak pigs did not increase in any group. However, congenital goiter was detected in all pigs from swine fed medicated rations 2 and 3. Congenital goiter was not present in pigs from swine given gestation ration 1.
Radiographic evaluation of nonanesthetized and nonsedated dogs for hip dysplasia
Authors: Farrow C. S. , Back R. T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The use of chemical or gas restraint was unnecessary in most large breed dogs being evaluated radiographically for hip dysplasia. Of 100 large-breed dogs, 97 were successfully radiographed for hip dysplasia evaluation without the use of sedation or anesthesia.
Use of an enzyme immunoassay to determine concentrations of progesterone in caprine plasma and milk
Authors: Bretzlatt K. N. , Elmore R. G. , Nuti L. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Concentrations of progesterone (P4) were determined using enzyme immunoassay kits on plasma and milk samples obtained on the same days from 18 lactating dairy goats. Progesterone profiles documenting anestrus, short estrous cycles, normal estrous cycles, a prolonged follicular phase, and prolonged luteal phases were established. When plasma P4 concentrations were used as an accurate indication of the presence or absence of functional luteal tissue, milk P4 concentrations agreed with plasma determinations in 79.4% of the 465 samples tested. Milk samples could not be used to make a definitive decision because of marginal values in 11.2% of the determinations. Milk P4 concentrations were high when plasma P4 concentrations were low in 6.2% of the paired samples, especially those obtained around the time of estrus when peripheral P4 concentrations were changing rapidly. The remaining 3.2% of milk samples had low milk P4 concentrations when plasma P4 concentrations were high. Composite milk from 8 does in estrus or 8 does in the luteal phase was not consistently different from strippings in butterfat percentage or P4 concentration.
Movement disorders during sleep in cats and dogs
Authors: Hendricks J. C. , Lager A. , O'Brien D. , Morrison A. R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Spontaneous sleep movement disorders in 5 cats and 3 dogs were studied. Objective abnormalities during sleep were confirmed by electrographic or behavioral monitoring techniques in all animals. The cause of the disorder was cns disease in 3 animals. A cause was not discovered in the other 5 animals, although at necropsy, 2 were found to have thyroid tumors.
Many pharmacologic treatments were ineffectual, but trials with the benzodiazepine tranquilizer, clonazepam, suggested it will prove useful in controlling violent movements during rapid-eye-movement sleep.
Mucocutaneous plasmacytomas in dogs: 75 cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Rakich Pauline M. , Latimer Kenneth S. , Weiss Raul , Steffens W. L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Mucocutaneous plasmacytomas were diagnosed in 75 dogs. Medical records and communication with owners and referring veterinarians provided information regarding location and description of the tumor, clinicopathologic data, treatment, and postoperative status of the dogs. Males and females were equally represented, and most dogs were aged adults (mean, 9.7 years). Tumors developed most commonly in the mouth, on the feet or trunk, and in the ears. Plasmacytomas were confined to the skin and mucosa in 70 dogs. Two dogs had disseminated lymphoid neoplasia, and 1 dog developed cutaneous plasmacytoma during clinical remission of lymphosarcoma. Two dogs had multiple myeloma, which was diagnosed concurrently or within a few weeks of diagnosis of the cutaneous tumor. Multiple plasmacytomas were found in 10 dogs but were not associated with clinical signs of generalized disease. Tumors did not recur after surgical excision. Clinicopathologic values, when determined, were normal in all dogs with localized plasmacytomas.
Failure of omasal transport attributable to perireticular abscess formation in cattle: 29 cases (1980-1986)
Authors: Fubini Susan L. , Ducharme Normand G. , Erb Hollis N. , Smith Donald F. , Rebhun William C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
During a 7-year period, failure of omasal transport attributable to a perireticular abscess was diagnosed in 29 cows. Affected cattle were examined because of anorexia, hypogalactia, and bilateral abdominal distention. The cows were all female Holsteins, 15 months to 10 years old. The abscess was identified during exploratory celiotomy and rumenotomy or at necropsy. Traumatic reticuloperitonitis was believed to be the cause. Twenty-seven cattle (93%) were treated surgically. The abscess was drained into the reticulum or omasum in 25 cows (86%). Twenty-four cows (83%) survived to the time of discharge from the hospital, and 20 (69%) survived for at least 1 year and became productive members of the herd. This is a better survival rate than that reported for other causes of vagal indigestion.
Effects of the Chernobyl accident on animal husbandry and production, from a Swedish perspective
Authors: Jones B-E. V. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
About 20% of the Swedish land area was considerably contaminated by radionuclides released by the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in April 1986. However, less than 10% of the arable land was contaminated. The heavy contamination was closely correlated with the amount of rain received during the first days of May 1986. Immediate restrictions on grazing limited the early uptake of contaminants in animal products. Changes in management of animals, especially sheep, goats, and reindeer, in the contaminated areas have effectively reduced the transfer of radionuclides to human beings. One important factor was the possibility of obtaining uncontaminated feeds from unaffected parts of the country. The direct costs during the first 2 years after the accident were approximately $10 million for analyses and $90 million for compensation to farmers for condemned products (milk, mutton, and reindeer meat) and reimbursement for purchase of uncontaminated feeds from other parts of the country.
Oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics, tissue depletion, and toxicity after administration of a long-acting preparation at double the label dosage
Authors: TerHune Terry N. , Upson Dan W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Oxytetracycline(otc) concentration in plasma and tissues, plasma pharmacokinetics, depletion from tissue, and toxicity were studied in 30 healthy calves after im administration of a long-acting otc preparation (40 mg/kg of body weight) at double the label dosage (20 mg/kg). Plasma otc concentration increased rapidly after drug administration, and by 2 hours, mean (±sd) values were 7.4 ± 2.6 μg/ml. Peak plasma otc concentration was 9.6 ± 2.6 μg/ml, and the time to peak plasma concentration was 7.6 ± 4.0 hours. Plasma otc concentration decreased slowly for 168 hours (elimination phase) after drug administration, and the elimination half-life was 23.9 hours. Plasma otc concentration exceeded 3.8 μg/ml at 48 hours after drug administration. From 168 to 240 hours after drug administration, plasma otc concentration decreased at a slower rate than that seen during the elimination phase. This slower phase was termed the depletion phase, and the depletion half-life was 280.7 hours.
Tissue otc concentration was highest in kidneys and liver. Lung otc concentration exceeded 4.4 μg/g of tissue and 2.0 μg/g of tissue at 12 and 48 hours after drug administration, respectively. The drug persisted the longest in kidneys and liver. At 42 days after drug administration, 0.1 μg of otc/g of kidney was detected. At 49 days after drug administration, all otc tissue concentrations were below the detectable limit. Reactions and toxicosis after drug administration were limited to an anaphylaxis-like reaction (n = 1) and injection site swellings (n = 2).
Intramammary antibiotic treatment at the end of lactation for prophylaxis and treatment of intramammary infections in ewes
Authors: Hueston William D. , Boner Garnard J. , Baertsche Steven L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Ewes treated by intramammary infusion of cephapirin benzathine at the end of lactation were less likely to develop new intramammary infections by early in the next lactation. A controlled clinical trial involving 135 treated ewes and 145 untreated control ewes evaluated the prophylactic and treatment efficacy of intramammary antibiotic treatment of ewes at the time of weaning lambs. Milk samples for bacteriologic examination and identification of intramammary infections were collected at weaning of lambs and 1 to 3 weeks into the subsequent lactation. Untreated ewes were 2.6 times more likely than treated ewes to develop new intramammary infections between sampling times. Existence of an intramammary infection in one mammary gland significantly increased the risk of the other mammary gland becoming infected. Treatment also appeared to be associated with a higher cure rate of existing infections.
Preservation of striated-muscle urethral sphincter function with use of a surgical technique for perineal urethrostomy in cats
Authors: Griffin D. W. , Gregory C. R. , Kitchcll R. L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
It has been reported that perineal urethrostomy resulted in impairment of striated-muscle urethral sphincter function in male cats, as measured by urethral pressure profilometry and electromyography (emg). Our study was undertaken to describe and evaluate a surgical technique for perineal urethrostomy that reduces trauma to the urethral branches of the pudendal nerve. Perineal urethrostomy was performed on 10 healthy neutered cats after demonstrating that they had normal urethral sphincter function by urethral pressure profilometry (maximal urethral closure pressure [mucp] =151 ± 52 cm of water) and emg activity at the level of the striated-muscle sphincter before surgery. All cats had normal urethral sphincter function 1 week (mucp = 194 ± 19 cm of water, emg activity present) and 3 weeks (mucp > 200 cm of water, emg activity present) after surgery. These results indicated that preservation of the urethral branches of the pudendal nerve during urethrostomy preserved striated-muscle urethral sphincter function.
Thermopsis montana-induced myopathy in calves
Authors: Baker Dale C. , Keeler Richard F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Six heifer calves were administered the dried and ground whole plant of Thermopsis montana by gavage once daily for 2 to 4 days at an initial dosage rate of 1 g/kg of body weight. Two of the 6 heifers died after the second dose, and the remaining 4 calves were humanely killed and their tissues were examined. Serum creatine kinase and aspartate transaminase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) increased after initiation of plant administration. All calves had skeletal muscular degeneration or evidence of regeneration and repair of damaged myofibers in all skeletal muscle groups examined. Myoglobinuria and cardiac muscle degeneration were not detected in any of the calves.
Efficacy of viral components of a nonabortigenic combination vaccine for prevention of respiratory and reproductive system diseases in cattle
Authors: Talens L. T. , Beckenhauer W. H. , Thurber E. T. , Cooley A. J. , Schultz R. D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Efficacy and safety of components of an im-admimstered vaccine for prevention of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), parainfluenza type-3 (pi-3) virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections and campylobacteriosis and leptospirosis were evaluated in cattle, including calves and pregnant cows. Challenge of immunity tests were conducted in calves for ibrv, pi-3 virus, or bvdv vaccinal components. All inoculated calves developed serum-neutralizing antibodies and had substantially greater protection (as measured by clinical rating systems) than did controls after challenge exposure to virulent strains of ibrv, pi-3 virus, bvdv, or rsv.
In in utero tests, ibrv or bovine rsv vaccinal strains were inoculated into fetuses of pregnant cows. Histologic changes or abortions did not occur after fetal inoculation of the rsv vaccinal strain, and 10 of 14 fetuses responded serologically. Of 9 fetuses, one responded serologically to the ibrv vaccinal strain after in utero inoculation and was aborted 3 weeks later.
In an immunologic interference test, 10 calves vaccinated with 2 doses of the multivalent vaccine, containing the 4 viral components and a Campylobacter-Leptospira bacterin, developed serum-neutralizing antibodies to ibrv, pi-3 virus, bvdv, and rsv without evidence of serologic interference. Under field conditions, 10,771 cattle, including 4,543 pregnant cows, were vaccinated. Vaccine-related abortions did not occur.
Epidural analgesia with 0.75% bupivacaine for laparotomy in goats
Authors: Trim Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Epidural nerve block with 0.75% bupivacaine (1 ml/4 kg of body weight) was performed in 17 goats tranquilized by im administration of acetylpromazine (0.07 mg/kg). For comparison, epidural nerve block with 2% lidocaine containing 1:100,000 epinephrine (1 ml/5 kg) was performed in 7 goats.
Transient signs of cns stimulation were observed during injection of bupivacaine in 5 goats and of lidocaine in 2 goats. Analgesia of the flank was inadequate for laparotomy in 4 goats given bupivacaine (including 1 goat given a two-thirds dose) and in 2 goats given lidocaine. Analgesia for these goats was provided by local infiltration of the operative site with lidocaine. With bupivacaine, the onset of analgesia was up to 40 minutes, and the duration of analgesia was several hours; most goats were unable to stand for at least 11 hours. In comparison, epidural nerve block with lidocaine had a more rapid onset and much shorter duration. For both anesthetic drugs, despite adequate analgesia for laparotomy, response to manipulation of abdominal viscera was observed in 12 goats.
Arterial blood pressure and blood gas tensions were measured in 8 goats given bupivacaine; 3 goats had mean arterial blood pressure <70 mm of Hg. Seven goats had normal PaCO2 but 2 goats had low PaO2; 1 goat sedated with xylazine had increased PaCO2; and hypoxemia.
Serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in cats fed Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Thulliez Ph. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Serum samples derived from 7 cats 3 to 950 days after cats were fed tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii were evaluated using Sabin-Feldman dye, modified agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and latex agglutination tests. The modified agglutination test, using whole formalin-preserved tachyzoites, was more sensitive for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis than were other tests. Titers from the modified agglutination test that used formalin-preserved tachyzoites were higher than those from the modified agglutination test that used acetone-preserved tachyzoites. Although cats had no clinical signs of toxoplasmosis, T gondii antibody titers remained high (> 1:1,000) for up to 29 months.
Cost of mastitis and its prevention in four dairy cattle herds on St Croix, US Virgin Islands
Authors: Ahl A. S. , Gibson C. D. , Kirk J. H. , Kaneene J. B. , Ahl J. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Nonclinical mastitis in the dairy herds on St Croix, US Virgin Islands, represents a prevalent (97%) and severe problem (44% of quarters had California Mastitis Test results of 2 or 3). Streptococcus agalactiae (26%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22%) were the most prevalent pathogens. More than half (54%) of all organisms isolated and tested for resistance were resistant to ampicillin and benzyl penicillin; 29% were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfadiazine. Estimates of the loss of milk production suggested that there was a loss of 4.40 to 13.33 lb/cow/day. The yearly economic cost of prevention was estimated for each cow ($22.07); yearly income loss attributable to mastitis was estimated to be from $339 to $1,022/cow/yr. Suggestions for the prevention and control of mastitis are included.
Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-beta concentrations in 15 dogs with perineal hernia
Authors: Mann F. A. , Boothe H. W. , Amoss M. S. , Tangner C. H. , Puglisi T. A. , Hobson H. P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-β concentrations, and serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were evaluated in 15 dogs (≥ 5 years old) with perineal hernia (9 sexually intact males and 6 castrated males) and in 9 clinically normal sexually intact male dogs ≥ 5 years old. There was no significant difference in serum testosterone concentration or in the serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio between sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. In castrated dogs with perineal hernia, serum testosterone concentration and testosterone-to-estradiol ratio were significantly (P < 0.05) lower, compared with those values in sexually intact dogs with perineal hernia and in clinically normal sexually intact male dogs. There was no significant difference in serum estradiol 17-β concentration among sexually intact male dogs with perineal hernia, castrated dogs with perineal hernia, and clinically normal sexually intact male dogs.
Serum testosterone and estradiol 17-β concentrations in dogs with perineal hernia did not differ from those values in clinically normal male dogs of the same age. Castration cannot be recommended for the treatment of perineal hernia unless a castration-responsive contributing factor such as prostatomegaly is identified, unless the pelvic diaphragm of dogs with perineal hernia has high sensitivity to normal or low serum testosterone and estradiol 17-β concentrations, or unless there is documentation that other androgens and/or estrogens are involved.
Pituitary macroadenomas and macroadenocarcinomas in dogs treated with mitotane for pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: 13 cases (1981-1986)
Authors: Nelson R. W. , Ihle S. L. , Feldman E. C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Pituitary macroadenoma/macroadenocarcinoma (pma; tumor size ≥ 1 cm in diameter) was diagnosed in 13 dogs after 0.5 to 24 months of mitotane treatment for pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (pdh). The diagnosis of pdh was established on the basis of results of common tests of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis in conjunction with results of x-ray computed tomography or necropsy. Initial clinical findings and clinicopathologic test results were typical of pdh. Signs referable to the cns developed in 7 of the 13 dogs. The most common neurologic sign was stupor. Pituitary macroadenoma/macroadenocarcinoma was an unexpected finding in the other 6 dogs, because none had clinical signs of disease referable to the cns at the time that pituitary tumor was documented. In the 13 dogs, strong correlation existed between tumor volume, compression/invasion of the surrounding nervous tissue, and development of neurologic signs, ie, neurologic signs were most frequently associated with larger tumors. The size of the tumor, however, was not always an indication of whether neurologic signs would be observed.
All 7 dogs with neurologic signs were euthanatized because of the deleterious effects of the pma. Of the 6 dogs without neurologic signs, 2 died of unrelated cause. Alternative treatment (ie, hypophysectomy, 60Co-teleiherapy) was used successfully in 2 other dogs. Alternative treatment would seem indicated if pma is documented in a dog with pdh. However, identification of pma is dependent on evaluation of x-ray computed tomographic images. Signalment, history, physical examination, and alterations in routine clinicopathologic findings in these 13 dogs of our study were similar to previously reported findings in dogs with pdh but apparently without large pituitary tumors. Results of tests of the pituitary-adrenal axis also were not helpful in distinguishing dogs with pdh attributable to macroadenoma/macroadenocarcinoma from dogs with pdh attributable to microscopic pituitary tumors.
Use of dynamic compression plates for treatment of tibial diaphyseal fractures in foals: Nine cases (1980–1987)
Authors: Young David R. , Richardson Dean W. , Nunamaker David M. , Ross Michael W. , Tulleners Eric P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 9 foals < 4 months old, with fracture of the tibial diaphysis, were reviewed. Open reduction was accomplished by use of 3 approaches; however, a cranial approach was preferred and was used in 7 foals. Two dynamic compression plates were implanted in all foals except the first of this series. The technique of plate luting was used in 7 foals and appeared to improve the ability of implants to resist failure.
Complications after surgery included partial or complete failure of fracture fixation (n = 3 foals), osteomyelitis (n = 2 foals), angular limb deformity (n = 2 foals), minor dehiscence of the surgical wound (n = 3 foals), and mild extensor deficits of the injured limb (n = 4 foals).
One foal was euthanatized 12 hours after surgery because of complete loss of fracture fixation. All other foals were discharged 10 to 295 days after surgery. One or both plates were subsequently removed in 7 foals. Follow-up information was obtained 6 to 36 months after discharge. Excellent results were reported for 6 foals, and good or fair results were reported for the remaining 2 foals.
Silicone ocular prosthesis in horses: 11 cases (1983–1987)
Authors: Provost P. J. , Ortenburger A. I. , Caron J. P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Horses experience a number of ophthalmic diseases and injuries that may result in loss of function of the eye. In the treatment of end-stage ophthalmic disease or injury that precludes salvage of the eye, the use of an inert, silicone prosthetic implant is a cosmetic alternative to simple enucleation. Eleven horses treated either by enucleation and insertion of an intraorbital prosthesis (n = 9) or by evisceration and insertion of an intraocular prosthesis (n = 2) were evaluated for postoperative complications and for long-term cosmetic results. Of the 11 horses treated, complication rate was low; during hospitalization, 1 horse with an intraorbital implant developed a localized incisional infection that resolved in response to antimicrobial therapy. Nine horses were available for follow-up evaluation. Cosmetic appearance was rated as excellent in 5 horses and good in 4 horses. Insertion of an intraocular implant had the best cosmetic result. Complications were not reported by any owner or caretaker. Routine use of intraorbital and intraocular implants is encouraged because of their modest cost and ease of insertion.