bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma glycooxidation protein products in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy
Authors: Piwowar Agnieszka , Knapik‐Kordecka Maria , Szczecińska Joanna , Warwas Maria 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia accelerates non‐enzymatic glycation and oxidative stress leading to damage of macromolecules, among others proteins. This manifests in the increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP).ObjectivesTo assess the plasma levels of AGE and AOPP in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to estimate its relation and connection with the degree of nephropathy.Material and MethodsIn 121 diabetic patients and 22 healthy people plasma levels of AGE and AOPP were determined with fluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. To estimate nephropathy stage, albumin/creatinine ratio was calculated on the basis of albumin and creatinine concentrations in early morning urine samples.ResultsDiabetic patients had significantly higher levels of AGE and AOPP in comparison to healthy people. Both parameters were increasing progressively from normoalbuminuria, through microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. Statistically, the most significant differences were observed in AOPP concentration between separated groups. AGE fluorescence was significantly different on the same low, statistical level between patients with normoalbuminuria when compared to those with micro‐ and macroalbuminuria. Plasma AGE correlated significantly with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio whereas AOPP correlated with plasma creatinine level.ConclusionsThe connection between plasma levels of both glycooxidation protein products—AGE and AOPP with nephropathy severity, measured by the degree of albuminuria, in T2DM patients was observed. We can suggest that the AOPP better reflect the progression of kidney damage than AGE in examined diabetic patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional activation of a single‐copy L1 transgene in mice by Cre
Authors: An Wenfeng , Han Jeffrey S. , Schrum Christina M. , Maitra Anirban , Koentgen Frank , Boeke Jef D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe synthetic L1 retrotransposon, ORFeus, is useful for probing mechanisms of L1 retrotransposition in vivo and for genome‐wide mouse mutagenesis because of its high level of activity. To achieve controlled activation of ORFeus in mice, we constructed ORFeusLSL, in which ORFeus coding sequences were separated from the promoter by a loxP‐β‐geo‐stop‐loxP (LSL) cassette, and derived transgenic mouse lines containing single‐copy ORFeusLSL. We observed tissue‐specific ORFeus activation by crossing ORFeusLSL to various Cre‐expressing lines, specifically in the germ line or the pancreas, providing definite evidence that all host factors and machinery required posttranscriptionally for L1 retrotransposition are available in somatic tissues in living animals. Notably, the single‐copy ORFeus transgene is about threefold more active per copy than a previously described multicopy ORFeus transgene in the germ line and even more active somatically. This conditional transgenic ORFeus mouse model should allow further exploration of posttranscriptional cellular requirements for L1 retrotransposition and facilitate the development of ORFeus mouse lines suitable for in vivo mutagenesis. genesis 46:373–383, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation and characterization of a Gdf1 conditional null allele
Authors: Bengtsson Henrik , Epifantseva Irina , Åbrink Magnus , Kylberg Annika , Kullander Klas , Ebendal Ted , Usoskin Dmitry 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGrowth differentiation factor‐1 (GDF1), a TGF‐β superfamily member, participates in early embryo patterning. Later functions are implied by the Gdf1 expression in the peripheral and central nervous system. Such roles of the gene have been difficult to study, because Gdf1 null mice die during late embryogenesis. Here, we report the production of a mouse carrying a conditional Gdf1 allele, with exon 2 flanked by loxP sites. Crossing these mice with CaMKIIα‐Cre mice resulted in Gdf1 ablation in the forebrain postnatally. Such mice displayed no behavioral changes or altered expression levels in a set of hippocampal genes examined. However, excision of the floxed Gdf1 exon caused increased expression of the remaining part of the bicistronic Uog1‐Gdf1 transcript in the hippocampus. This indicates that the transcript level is regulated by a negative feedback‐loop, sensing presence of either the protein or the mRNA region encoded by Gdf1 exon 2. genesis 46:368–372, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bis(cycloheptatrienyl) Derivatives of the First‐Row Transition Metals: Variable Hapticity of the Cycloheptatrienyl Ring
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer Henry F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractExtrapolation from ferrocene and dibenzenechromium suggests the currently unknown 18‐electron sandwich compound (η7‐C7H7)2Ti as a possible stable molecule. However, density functional theory (DFT) methods using the B3LYP and BP86 functionals predict (η7‐C7H7)2Ti to distort by ring slippage to give a singlet 16‐electron complex (η7‐C7H7)Ti(η5‐C7H7) having an uncomplexed C=C double bond in one of the C7H7 rings but otherwise closely related to the known (η7‐C7H7)Ti(η5‐C5H5). The situation is similar with (C7H7)2V except that the corresponding structures have doublet spin multiplicity. However, an analogous (η7‐C7H7)Cr(η5‐C7H7) structure is not found for chromium. Instead the most stable (C7H7)2Cr structure is a singlet d0 six‐coordinate formally CrVI complex with two tridentate cyclopropyldivinyl C7H7 ligands. The latter rearrangement of the C7H7 rings bonded to chromium can involve initially a (η6‐C7H7)2Cr diradical sandwich compound followed by a bis(η5‐norcaradienyl)Cr intermediate. For the later first‐row transition metals the lowest energy (C7H7)2M structures are predicted to be doublet (η7‐C7H7)Mn(η3‐C7H7) rather than (η5‐C7H7)2Mn for manganese, singlet cis and trans structures (η5‐C7H7)2Fe for iron, doublet (η3‐C7H7)2Co for cobalt, and two singlet (η3‐C7H7)2Ni stereoisomers for nickel.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Slow Magnetic Relaxation in CoIICuII Coordination Oligomer Built into Mesoporous Material
Authors: Cangussu Danielle , Nunes Wallace C. , Pereira Cynthia L. M. , Pedroso Emerson F. , Mazali Italo O. , Knobel Marcelo , Alves Oswaldo L. , Stumpf Humberto O. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ferrimagnetic system CoCu(opba) [opba = ortho‐phenylenebis(oxamato)] was employed to prepare a traditional chain [CoCu(opba)]·4H2O (1) and a nanocomposite by incorporation in porous Vycor glass (PVG). This nanocomposite was made by first anchoring [Bu4N]2[Cu(opba)] on PVG [PVG‐Cu (2)] and then treating it “in situ” with cobalt(II) acetate to obtain the nanomagnet PVG‐CuCo (3). Magnetic measurements show that 1 consists of a one‐dimensional ferrimagnet with strong intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling and weak interchain interactions that result in spin‐glass behavior below 3.5 K. Nanocomposite 3 presents ferrimagnetic chains limited by the nanopore size, which leads to a slow relaxation of the magnetization following Arrhenius' law, frequency dependence for in‐phase and out‐of‐phase susceptibility, and hysteresis below the blocked regime temperature (< 6 K). These features are characteristics of single‐chain magnets (SCM).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Cobaltocenium [1,2,5]Thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Konchenko Sergey N. , Gritsan Nina P. , Lonchakov Anton V. , Irtegova Irina G. , Mews Ruediger , Ovcharenko Victor I. , Radius Udo , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCobaltocene, [CoII(η5‐C5H5)2], readily reduced [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (2) to the [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazolidyl radical anion (1) which was isolated in the form of the thermally stable salt [CoIII(η5‐C5H5)2][1] (5) in 93 % yield. The XRD structure of 5 displays layers of radical anions 1, with S···N contacts of 358.2 and 366.0 pm between neighboring species. The salt was further characterized by ESR spectroscopy in the solid state as well as in solution. The temperature dependence of its magnetic susceptibility (χ) in the range of 2–300 K with a maximum at (9.7 ± 0.5) K indicates antiferromagnetic ordering of the spin system. The magnetic structure of 5 was analyzed in terms of dimeric exchange integrals calculated by a spin‐unrestricted broken‐symmetry approach at the DFT/UB3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level of theory and was found to be 2D. Further analysis of the χ(T) dependence was performed by using the low‐ and high‐temperature series expansion methods for the S = 1/2 square lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. The exchange interactions between radical anions 1 were estimated to be J = (–4.2 ± 0.7) cm–1. With the general form of the Van Vleck equation for a [3 × 4] grid of spins 1/2, the best fit of the experimental χ(T) was achieved with J1 = –5.0 cm–1 and J2 = –0.23 cm–1. Thus, the exchange interactions in 5 are stronger than those observed for previously studied salts of 1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitutions of Hydrogen in 1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐N‐[oxido(phenyl)(trifluoromethyl)‐λ4‐sulfanylidene]methanesulfonamide
Authors: Lemek Tadeusz , Groszek Grażyna , Cmoch Piotr 
Published: July 2008

Abstract1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐N‐[oxido(phenyl)(trifluoromethyl)‐λ4‐sulfanylidene]methanesulfonamide reacts with carbanions bearing a leaving group to give vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen products with moderate yields. This is the first example of the VNS process at a benzene ring activated by an electron‐withdrawing group other than a nitro group. The orientation of the substitution is exclusivelypara. Findings open a large possibility for exploration of the scope of the VNS reaction on to compounds activated with sulfur‐based electron‐withdrawing groups. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Topological View of Isomeric Dendrimers
Authors: Schubert Dirk , Corda Mirza , Lukin Oleg , Brusilowskij Boris , Fiškin Evgenij , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA topological approach to the analysis of isomeric dendrimers by considering their molecular graphs has been applied to correlate various properties of a series of new sulfonimide‐based isomeric dendrimers with their structures. According to this approach isomeric dendrimers are referred to as either isographic, that is, having the same graph, or non‐isographic, that is, having different graphs. Six sets of non‐isographic isomeric dendrimers with four to ten peripheral groups and one set of three isographic isomers with eight peripheral groups have been designed, synthesized and investigated with regard to their melting, solubility, separation, NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric characteristics. The results are discussed in the light of the graph‐dependent and‐independent properties of the isomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
2‐(3‐Pyrrolin‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones: Photoactivated Alkylating Agents
Authors: Aponick Aaron , Dietz Amber L. , Pearson William H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe preparation of 2‐(3‐pyrrolin‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and a study of their use as photoactivated alkylating agents is reported. The title compounds were easily synthesized by conjugate addition of the corresponding 3‐pyrrolines to various naphthoquinones. Upon exposure to ambient room light, the compounds undergo an internal redox reaction to form 2‐(pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐hydroquinones, which are activated for nucleophilic addition by an SN1 azafulvene mechanism. Control experiments demonstrated that the redox reaction is triggered by light and that the nucleophilic addition does not proceed before this activation occurs.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Controlling the mechanics and nanotopography of biocompatible scaffolds through dielectrophoresis with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lu Yu‐Lun , Cheng Chao‐Min , LeDuc Philip R. , Ho Mon‐Shu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCreating a biocompatible carbon‐nanotube polymer scaffold is an area that has a number of potential applications. Herein, a dielectrophoretic approach was pursued to integrate carbon nanotubes into a polymeric material for fabricating a nanoscale composite scaffold with increased and controllable mechanical strength. The adhesion force, which combines the surface energy of the sample and the interfacial energy between the tip and sample, was estimated to be 55.39 ± 6.72 nN away from the center of the protrusions at a distance of 0.5 μm while being 24.01 ± 4.45 nN at the center. The adhesion force for the center of the cavities was 42.47 ± 6.91 and 88.21 ± 15.05 nN at 0.5 μm away from the center. NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells were then utilized to test the cellular biocompatibility of this multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) film. Cells were cultured on the surface and then their attachment, spreading, and proliferation behaviors were observed. This nanotube‐polymer scaffolding approach has a wide range of potential applications including in complex device fabrication as well as in developing biomimetic and tissue engineering scaffolds, and artificial organs.
Spatial analysis of relative risk of lip cancer in Iran: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Kavousi A. , Meshkani M. Reza , Mohammadzadeh M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProviding a geographical map for rates of mortality, incidence, or prevalence of various diseases is of great importance for national health authorities. The relative risks are used to uncover the rate of incidence for different diseases. In the classical approach, the relative risk is often estimated under the assumption of independence between geographical areas. However, this assumption is not always substantiated in field studies, particularly in the case of health variables which may be strongly correlated due to common risk factors for adjacent areas. Such a dependence which is a function of distance between sample sites is called spatial correlation. In this paper, we account for such a dependence in evaluating the relative risk. This is undertaken by employing a hierarchical Bayesian approach. The proposed method is illustrated by a real example of lip cancer in Iran. The estimated relative risks and their standard errors (SEs) are computed. The distributional map of the disease and its SE are provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of three expert elicitation methods for logistic regression on predicting the presence of the threatened brush‐tailed rock‐wallaby Petrogale penicillata
Authors: O'Leary Rebecca A. , Choy Samantha Low , Murray Justine V. , Kynn Mary , Denham Robert , Martin Tara G. , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNumerous expert elicitation methods have been suggested for generalised linear models (GLMs). This paper compares three relatively new approaches to eliciting expert knowledge in a form suitable for Bayesian logistic regression. These methods were trialled on two experts in order to model the habitat suitability of the threatened Australian brush‐tailed rock‐wallaby (Petrogale penicillata). The first elicitation approach is a geographically assisted indirect predictive method with a geographic information system (GIS) interface. The second approach is a predictive indirect method which uses an interactive graphical tool. The third method uses a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge directly about the impact of a habitat variable on the response. Two variables (slope and aspect) are used to examine prior and posterior distributions of the three methods. The results indicate that there are some similarities and dissimilarities between the expert informed priors of the two experts formulated from the different approaches. The choice of elicitation method depends on the statistical knowledge of the expert, their mapping skills, time constraints, accessibility to experts and funding available. This trial reveals that expert knowledge can be important when modelling rare event data, such as threatened species, because experts can provide additional information that may not be represented in the dataset. However care must be taken with the way in which this information is elicited and formulated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM10) air pollution in the metropolitan areas of Barcelona and Bilbao, Spain
Authors: Lertxundi‐Manterola Aitana , Saez Marc 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEcological studies in epidemiology present some limitations on assessing the exposure of environmental factors. The main objective of this study was to describe a statistical methodology that could help on more accurately assessing the relationship between air pollution and health responses at very small spatial scale.In particular, we modelled the spatial distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and of particles with a diameter of less than 10 µm in two study areas, the metropolitan areas of Barcelona (MABa) and Bilbao (MABi). The areas chosen for this project can be distinguished for having similar population density and urban surface, as well as high road traffic intensity. The geographical variability of the pollutants could differ greatly due to very different orographic and climatic conditions.Three contributions of this study could be mentioned. First of all, the spatial distribution of the values of each air pollutant was spread over the entire study region on a small area basis, that is census track in our case. Secondly, a stochastic interpolation method, kriging, was used. Thirdly, instead of estimating the average value of the pollutant at the centroid of the area for the entire study period, the value was estimated for each and every day of the corresponding period.As regards the main results, in both areas it can be observed that those census tracks with a greater concentration of pollutants are those that were estimated more accurately. This suggests the existence of a persistent emission source in those tracks, very probably those roads with greater road traffic intensity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric M‐quantile regression for estimating the proportion of acidic lakes in 8‐digit HUCs of the Northeastern US
Authors: Pratesi Monica , Ranalli M. Giovanna , Salvati Nicola 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBetween 1991 and 1995, the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program of the US Environmental Protection Agency conducted a survey of lakes in the Northeastern states of the US to determine the ecological condition of these waters. Here, to this end, we want to obtain estimates of the proportion of lakes at (high) risk of acidification or acidified already for each 8‐digit hydrologic unit code (HUC) within the region of interest. Sample sizes for the 113 HUCs are very small and 27 HUCs are not even observed. Therefore, small area estimation techniques should be invoked for the estimation of the distribution function of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) for each HUC. The procedure is based on a semiparametric M‐quantile regression model in which ANC depends on elevation and the year of the survey linearly, and on the geographical position of the lake through an unknown smooth bivariate function estimated by low‐rank thin plate splines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eating disorders and disordered eating in Israel: An updated review
Authors: Latzer Yael , Witztum Eliezer , Stein Daniel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIsrael presents a unique opportunity to study the role of socio‐cultural parameters in the development of mental disturbances because of the exceptional diversity of the Israeli society. In the present review, we aimed to analyse the current state of disordered eating in Israel by means of an extensive literature review. The following are the main findings of our review: The frequency of maladaptive eating among female and male Israeli Jewish adolescents is higher in comparison to many other Westernised countries. Among different Jewish sub‐populations, Kibbutz women have been found until recently to show higher rates of disordered eating in comparison to other Israeli samples. Recent studies show no such difference between Kibbutz members and the general Israeli population. No clear‐cut findings emerge with respect to the influence of immigration and degree of Jewish religious affiliation on the occurrence of disordered eating. In contrast, disordered eating is less prevalent in Israeli‐Arabs compared with Israeli‐Jews. Moreover, diverse Israeli‐Arab groups show different rates of disordered eating. We discuss the high rate of disordered eating in Israeli youth in light of Israel being a culture in transition that is constantly exposed to the risk of terrorism. The changes in the rates of disordered eating in the Kibbutzim are discussed in light of the dramatic societal changes occurring in these communities within a relatively brief period of time. The low rates of disordered eating in Israeli‐Arabs reflect the traditional non‐Westernised characteristics of their society, whereas the differences between diverse Arab sub‐populations depend upon the degree of exposure to Westernised influences and the presence of conflicts between modern and traditional values. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Optimal power grid black start using fuzzy logic and expert system
Authors: Ye Wu , Xinyan Fang , Zheng Yan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractReasonable restoration plans for power systems after large‐scale power failures are important in both theory and practice. Based on fuzzy data envelopment analysis (DEA), an algorithm for assessing the black‐start schemes of power system is proposed in this paper. Depending on the concepts of L‐R fuzzy number and α‐cut, this algorithm drew important factors from the process of black start as fuzzy input or output indexes and then established a fuzzy computing model. After the black‐start schemes were sorted by the relative efficiency values of decision‐making units (DMUs), the best one was recommended to dispatchers. The instance of a real power system proves that it is a feasible method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vulnerability of interconnected power systems to malicious attacks under limited information
Authors: Bompard Ettore , Napoli Roberto , Xue Fei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMalicious attacks against critical infrastructures, and power systems as well, became a key‐concern in recent years. The attacks may be both “physical,” directed towards system components, and “cyber,” against the information/communication system; simultaneous attacks to different components, both physical and cyber, may be possible. In this context, the assessment of the vulnerability of a given interconnected power system, in terms of the possibility to keep it feasible after a defined attack, w.r.t a limited number of information available (both due to attacks or a regulatory rule) is of the utmost importance. In this paper, we propose a game model, based on the socially rational multi‐agent system (MAS) and fictitious play, which can be used to assess the sensitivity of the system structure and operational state to various availabilities of network information. From the model both a ranking of the critical information and a strategy of network reinforcement to decrease system vulnerability can be derived. The proposed model and methods are applied to a 34‐buses test system for illustrative purposes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.