bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Re‐Wetting Techniques on Dentin Shear Bond Strengths
Authors: RITTER ANDRÉ V. , HEYMANN HARALD O. , SWIFT EDWARD J. , PERDIGÃO JORGE , ROSA BRUNO T. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: For contemporary hydrophilic resin adhesive systems, bonding to dentin is improved if the substrate is maintained in a hydrated state following acid‐etching. The purpose of this study was to compare the dentin shear bond strengths of two single‐bottle adhesives (one acetone‐based and one ethanol‐based) applied under different etched‐dentin conditions: dry, wet, or dry and re‐wetted with different solutions. Materials and Methods: Bovine incisors (N = 120) were mounted in acrylic, polished to 600‐grit, and randomly assigned to 12 groups (n = 10). Dentin was etched for 15 seconds using 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and either blot‐dried, air‐dried, or air‐dried and re‐wetted with different solutions (distilled water, Gluma Desensitizer, Aqua‐Prep, and 5% glutaraldehyde in water). Two adhesives (Single Bond and Prime & Bond NT) were applied to each of the surface conditions following manufacturers' instructions. After adhesive application and curing, composite was applied in a No. 5 gelatin capsule and light‐cured. Specimens were loaded in shear, using an Instron at 5 mm per minute. Shear bond strengths were calculated by dividing the failure load by the bonded surface area. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a post hoc Tukey test. Results: Mean shear bond strengths ranged from 12.5 to 26.6 MPa for Single Bond and from 5.6 to 14.7 MPa for Prime & Bond NT. Significant differences were found in both groups of materials (p < .001). The three highest mean bond strengths were obtained (in order) on dentin that was re‐wetted with Gluma Desensitizer, re‐wetted with Aqua‐Prep, or never dried. Differences between these surface conditions were not statistically significant for either material.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEDifferent dentin surface conditions and re‐wetting techniques affected bond strengths for adhesives studied. Aqua‐Prep and Gluma Desensitizer can be successfully used as re‐wetting agents. The use of a re‐wetting agent may be beneficial when dentin is dried after acid‐etching and rinsing.
Bond Strength of Dual‐Cured Resin Cements to Human Teeth
Authors: LAFUENTE JOSE DAVID , CHAVES ANDREA , CARMIOL ROXANA 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study evaluated the bond strength of four commercial resin luting cements to enamel and superficial dentin, using a second‐generation laboratory composite. Materials and Methods: Forty teeth were embedded in acrylic: 20 had superficial dentin exposed; 20 had enamel exposed. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 5) to be bonded with Variolink II, Dual Cement, 2‐bond‐2, and Permalute System, using an inverted, truncated cone of pre‐cured Artglass that was placed over the resin cement with a load of 2 N for 2 seconds. Specimens were stored at 37°C in 100% relative humidity for 24 hours before being tested for tensile bond strength (MPa). Data were analyzed using a two‐way analysis of variance. Tukey‐Kramer intervals for comparisons among resin cements and bonding substrates were calculated at a .05 significance level. Results: Significant differences were found among resin cements. Variolink II had statistically higher bond strength values for both substrates than the rest of the cements evaluated. When bonding was to enamel, all failures were cohesive in the composite, and when bonding was to dentin, some adhesive failures occurred at the resin cement‐dentin interface. Permalute System had higher bond strengths than 2‐bond‐2 and Dual Cement when bonded to enamel. Conclusions: Variolink II and Permalute had statistically different bond strengths to enamel and dentin. Variolink II showed statistically higher values for dentin bonding than the other cements. Use of Variolink II and Permalute resulted in statistically higher bond strengths than the other two cements.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEEsthetic restorations, such as tooth‐colored inlays and onlays, veneers, and crowns without metal substructure, rely on bonding for success and must be cemented with a resin cement. Bond strength of the resin cement to the restoration and tooth structure affects the outcome of the restoration. Variolink II had significantly higher bond strengths to enamel and dentin than the other cements evaluated in this study.
Ceramometal Bonded Inlays and Onlays
Authors: ALBERS HARRY F. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTPorcelain‐fused‐to‐metal (PFM) is presently the most popular crown and bridge technique. Its success is attributable to the use of a metal substructure to support the porcelain, resulting in good esthetics, limited ceramic flexure, and better longevity than all‐porcelain restorations. A new concept suggests encapsulating the metal substructure with ceramic and placing the insert under the occlusal surface, thereby combining the best properties of the esthetics of porcelain and the support of metal to achieve improved restorations.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe ceramometal bonded restoration (CMBR) addresses the known limitations of PFMs by providing a more esthetic, more conservative, and more durable alternative. The CMBR eliminates the potential for tooth darkening, leaves more of the natural tooth intact, and offers good resistance to fracture or displacement under occlusal forces. This combination of features makes the CMBR inlay or onlay an excellent alternative for the conservative esthetic restoration of posterior teeth.
The Science of Communicating the Art of Esthetic Dentistry. Part I: Patient‐Dentist‐Patient Communication
Authors: MARZOLA RICCARDO , DERBABIAN KRIKOR , DONOVAN TERRY E. , ARCIDIACONO ALESSANDRO 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTMany contemporary restorative procedures are primarily esthetically driven, and patients have high expectations. It is imperative for the restorative dentist to understand patients' desires and expectations prior to initiating irreversible therapy. It is equally important for patients to understand the anatomic and technical limitations inherent with restorative therapy.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis article describes several relatively straightforward techniques that can assist in dentist‐patient‐dentist communication and allow the patient to visualize a reasonable facsimile of the definitive result prior to initiation of irreversible therapy. By using these techniques where indicated, the frustrating cycle of rejection and failure may be avoided.
Shear Bond Strengths of One‐Bottle Adhesives to Oil‐Contaminated Enamel
Authors: ROSA BRUNO T. , HEYMANN HARALD O. , SWIFT EDWARD J. , PERDIGAO JORGE , RITTER ANDRE V. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate resin bond strength to enamel contaminated with handpiece oil. Materials and Methods: Bovine teeth were randomly assigned to six groups of 20 teeth each for treatment with one of six different bonding systems (five one‐bottle and one multibottle). For each system, 10 enamel specimens were contaminated with handpiece oil before acid‐etching and 10 were contaminated after acid‐etching. The enamel was etched for 15 seconds using 35% phosphoric acid. Following adhesive application, composite resin was bonded using a gelatin capsule technique. Shear bond strengths from the two contaminated groups were compared to bond strengths to uncontaminated enamel obtained from a previous study that was performed by the same group of investigators, using the same facility, materials, and methods. Results: Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the factor “surface contamination” did not have a significant effect on bond strength (p > .542). The type of adhesive and the interaction of adhesive and surface contamination were significant (p <.0001 and p <.003, respectively). When oil was applied before etching, mean bond strengths ranged from 18.0 ± 4.8 MPa for OptiBond SOLO (Kerr Corp., Orange, California) to 25.3 ± 5.6 MPa for Tenure Quik with Fluoride (Den‐Mat Corp., Santa Maria, California). With oil applied after etching, bond strengths ranged from 18.4 ± 8.0 MPa for Tenure Quik with Fluoride to 27.4 ± 5.4 MPa for Single Bond (3M Dental Products, St. Paul, Minnesota). For the same adhesive, comparing uncontaminated and “oil‐before‐etch” contaminated groups, the only statistically significant difference in bond strengths was for OptiBond SOLO: 21.8 ± 4.0 MPa (uncontaminated) versus 18.0 ± 4.8 MPa (oil before etch). Comparing uncontaminated and “oil‐after‐etch” groups, the only statistically significant difference was for Tenure: 24.5 ± 5.7 MPa (uncontaminated) and 18.4 ± 8.0 MPa (oil after etch).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESurface contamination with handpiece lubricant oil does not impair appreciably the efficacy of the adhesives used in this study when bonding composite resin to enamel.
Amalgam Substitutes: A Critical Analysis
Authors: LUTZ FELIX , KREJCI IVO 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: Quality standards for restorations recently have been defined in Switzerland. Amalgam substitutes must meet restoration Grade 2 requirements (i.e., pulp and dental hard substance must be preserved, and both form and function of the tooth have to be reconstituted). The pertinent operative technique has to be simple and amalgam‐like. A minimum service life of 8 years is required. This in vitro study investigated the clinical potential of several amalgam substitutes, taking into account the operative requirements, the defined restorative guidelines, and the required service life. Materials and Methods: Potential amalgam substitutes evaluated in this study included compomers (Compoglass, Dyract, Dyract AP, Elan, F 2000) and resin‐based composites (Alert, Ariston, Definite, Nulite, Solitaire, Surefil). The composites Adaptic and Tetric Cream, using a simplified placement technique, were tested as negative and positive controls, respectively. Marginal adaptation and wear properties were measured in vitro in mixed Class II cavities. Relative radiopacity was measured in terms of millimeters of equivalent aluminum. Results: All compomers showed a radiopacity of 2.5 mm or more aluminum. Only Dyract AP and Elan were more wear resistant than amalgam. After stressing, the percentage of continuous margin was at best 31% overall and 17% in dentin only. Among resin‐based composites, the minimum requirements of radiopacity were fulfilled only by Alert, Surefil, and Tetric. Only Definite, Surefil, Solitaire, and Tetric exhibited wear resistance greater than amalgam. After stressing, the best marginal qualities were 41% continuous margin overall, and 8% in dentin only.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEBased on the requirements set for amalgam substitutes, results for the materials tested in this study indicated poor marginal quality and potential risk of secondary caries. Currently, the use of amalgam substitutes for stress‐bearing restorations in permanent teeth cannot be recommended without serious cautions. This is particularly true if a dynamic performance quality of the restorations is demanded, which guarantees the achievement of the restorative targets for 8 years, according to recently adopted quality standards.
Small‐Diameter Implants: Indications and Contraindications
Authors: DAVARPANAH MITHRIDADE , MARTINEZ HENRY , TECUCIANU JEAN‐FRANCOIS , CELLETTI RENATO , LAZZARA RICHARD 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe choice of implant diameter depends on the type of edentulousness, the volume of the residual bone, the amount of space available for the prosthetic reconstruction, the emergence profile, and the type of occlusion. Small‐diameter implants are indicated in specific clinical situations, for example, where there is reduced interradicular bone or a thin alveolar crest, and for the replacement of teeth with small cervical diameter. Before using a small‐diameter implant, the biomechanical risk factors must be carefully analyzed. Preliminary reports of this type of implant show good short‐ and medium‐term results.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESpecific clinical situations indicate the use of small‐diameter implants: a reduced amount of bone (thin alveolar crest) and where the replacement tooth requires a small cervical diameter. In some cases, the use of small‐diameter implants avoids bone reconstruction.
Scientifically Based Rationale and Protocol for Use of Modern Indirect Resin Inlays and Onlays
Authors: BLANK JEFF T. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe desire to place esthetically pleasing, conservative, functionally stable, posterior restorative materials has steadily increased over the past 20 years. The creation of successful dentin bonding adhesives and appropriate resin luting cements has paved the way for the development of a myriad of indirect resin‐based restorative materials. These materials have been specifically designed to overcome the negative attributes of their porcelain counterparts, and to simplify fabrication, insertion, and post‐delivery adjustments. Possibly like no other product before, these restorative materials have met with instant clinical acceptance by many practitioners, and concern exists that these materials have not been sufficiently studied to warrant such widespread acceptance. This article presents an overview of the history and development of resin‐based, esthetic, indirect systems, and offers the clinician a review of the literature supporting their role in posterior restorative dentistry. Additionally, a scientifically based protocol for preparation, impressing, provisionalization, and subsequent cementation and adjustment of indirect laboratory‐processed resin inlays and onlays is presented.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis article reviews the history of indirect laboratory‐processed resin restorations, reviews available literature supporting their use, and presents a scientifically based protocol for their placement and use as a viable alternative for conservative reconstruction of posterior teeth.
In Vitro Evaluation of Margins of Replaced Resin‐Based Composite Restorations
Authors: GORDAN VALERIA V. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate in vitro any increase in size of Class V resin‐based composite (RBC) restorations as a result of replacement. Materials and Methods: For group 1, 20 Class V cavity preparations were prepared in extracted incisor and canine teeth. The cavosurface margin was prepared as a butt joint 90‐degree angle toward the occlusal wall. Impressions were made of all preparations with a polyvinyl siloxane material. The cavities then received a 1.5‐mm 45‐degree bevel at the cavosurface margin of the occlusal wall. Impressions were again made of the preparations. The cavities were then restored with a conventional multistep bonding system (Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose, 3M Dental Products, St. Paul, Minnesota) and a microfilled RBC (Silux Plus, 3M Dental Products). As a second part of the study (group 2), another 20 Class V cavity preparations were prepared. Half of the cavities received a bevel at the cavosurface margin of the occlusal wall, and half were finished with a butt joint. Impressions were made from all 20 specimens followed by resin‐based composite restoration in the same manner as previously described. All the restorations from both group 1 and group 2 were then removed with carbide burs. New impressions were made, and 100 stone models were fabricated. The perimeter and area of the cavity preparations, including the beveled area, were recorded using a video‐based imaging system equipped with macro lens, at 10 to 15 times magnification. Both perimeter and area of the postoperative cavity preparation were compared to the initial cavity size for both butt joint and bevel finishing. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficient and paired t‐test showed no significant difference between the preoperative bevel type of cavity preparation and its postoperative counterparts for both group 1 and group 2 (p > .05). However, a significant increase in the size of the cavity preparation was found preoperatively when a bevel was placed at the cavosurface margin. Postoperatively, a significant increase in size of the cavities was found for butt joint type finishing for both area (p= .0001) and perimeter (p= .0001), compared to initial cavity size.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis in vitro study showed that clinicians are likely to be more conservative when resin‐based composite restorations are removed if a bevel rather than a butt joint had been placed at the occlusal cavosurface margin. However, the study also showed that a significant amount of tooth structure is lost when a bevel is placed preoperatively at the occlusal cavosurface margin of a Class V resin‐based composite restoration.
The Science of Communicating the Art of Esthetic Dentistry. Part II: Diagnostic Provisional Restorations
Authors: DERBABIAN KRIKOR , MARZOLA RICCARDO , DONOVAN TERRY E. , CHO GEORGE C. , ARCIDIACONO ALESSANDRO 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTProvisional restorations fulfill many functions in restorative dentistry. Quality provisional restorations can provide the clinician, the patient, and the laboratory technician much valuable information prior to fabrication of the definitive restoration. Such diagnostic provisional restorations fabricated with acrylic resin are easily adjusted and modified until both esthetic and functional results are approved by the patient. Once this approval has been obtained, the definitive restorations can be fabricated with confidence, using the esthetic form of the provisional restorations as a blueprint.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCERoutine use of provisional restorations for esthetic diagnostic purposes can prevent the destructive cycle of failure and frustration frequently experienced when performing elective esthetic restorative dentistry.
Effect of Whitening Agents on Dentin Bonding
Authors: SPYRIDES GEORGE M. , PERDIGÅO JORGE , PAGANI CLÓVIS , ARAÚJO MARIA AMÉLIA M. , SPYRIDES SILVANA M.M. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Background: Several studies have shown a reduction in enamel bond strengths when the bonding procedure is carried out immediately after vital bleaching with peroxides. This reduction in bond strengths has become a concern in cosmetic dentistry with the introduction of new “in‐office” and “waiting‐room” bleaching techniques. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three bleaching regimens: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 35% carbamide peroxide (CP), and 10% CP, on dentin bond strengths. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty fresh bovine incisors were used in this study. The labial surface of each tooth was ground flat to expose dentin and was subsequently polished with 600‐grit wet silicon carbide paper. The remaining dentin thickness was monitored and kept at an average of 2 mm. The teeth were randomly assigned to four bleaching regimens (n = 30): (A) control, no bleaching treatment; (B) 35% HP for 30 minutes; (C) 35% CP for 30 minutes; and (D) 10% CP for 6 hours. For each group, half of the specimens (n = 15) were bonded with Single Bond/Z100 immediately after the bleaching treatment, whereas the other half was bonded after the specimens were stored for 1 week in artificial saliva at 37°C. The specimens were fractured in shear using an Instron machine. Results: For the groups bonded immediately after bleaching, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan's post hoc test revealed a statistically significant reduction in bond strengths in a range from 71% to 76%. For the groups bonded at 1 week, one‐way ANOVA showed that group B (35% HP for 30 min) resulted in the highest bond strengths, whereas 10% CP resulted in the lowest bond strengths. Student's t‐test showed that delayed bonding resulted in a significant increase in bond strengths for groups B (35% HP) and C (35% CP); whereas the group bleached with 10% CP (group D) remained in the same range obtained for immediate bonding. Storage in artificial saliva also affected the control group, reducing its bond strengths to 53% of the original.
Developments in Shrinkage Control of Adhesive Restoratives
Authors: DAUVILLIER BIBI S. , AARNTS MAXIM P. , FEILZER ALBERT J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: This article reviews material properties and application techniques important in minimizing effects of polymerization shrinkage during the curing reaction of resin composite restorative materials used in adhesive dentistry. Materials and Methods: Relevant scientific publications were critically reviewed. Results: Since it was recognized that shrinkage, which takes place during the curing reaction of resin composite restorative materials, may cause severe problems in adhesive dentistry, considerable effort has been put into reducing the negative effects. The most important problem is the debonding of the restoration‐tooth interface, resulting in increased microleakage and, ultimately, in secondary caries. Despite all efforts, there is still no material or general application method that guarantees a leak‐proof and durable restoration.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIt is of the utmost importance that dental practitioners know how to deal with the problems related to resin composite shrinkage, so that they can choose the material and procedure most likely to produce a leak‐proof and durable restoration, maximizing the potential for clinical success.
Curing Dental Resins and Composites by Photopolymerization
Authors: STANSBURY JEFFREY W. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThe development and continued evolution of photopolymerizable dental materials, particularly dental composite restoratives, represent a significant, practical advance for dentistry. The highly successful integration of the light‐activated curing process for dental applications is described in this review. The basic mechanisms by which the photoinitiators efficiently convert monomers into polymers are discussed along with the variety of factors that influence the photopolymerization process. The conventional camphorquinone‐amine visible light photoinitiator system used in most dental restorative materials is illustrated in addition to some alternative initiator systems that have been studied for dental materials applications.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPhotopolymerization has become an integral component of the practice of dentistry. A better appreciation of the photopolymerization process as well as its potential and limitations may aid the dentist in the delivery of both esthetic and restorative dental care.