bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal management and long‐term outcome for survivors with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Chiu Priscilla , Hedrick Holly L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSignificant advances in the postnatal management of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) have resulted in a remarkable improvement in survival rates over the past two decades. The success of current postnatal management of CDH patients has rendered fetal intervention to be limited to the most severe cases, and the role for prenatal treatment of CDH patients remains unclear. The adoption of lung‐preserving strategies including high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have improved CDH outcomes especially in those patients with significant ventilatory or circulatory compromise. Survival rates of up to 90% are being reported in some high‐volume centers. However, the increased survival in CDH patients has been accompanied by an increase in neurological, nutritional and musculoskeletal morbidity among the long‐term survivors. This has resulted in the need to provide resources for the long‐term follow‐up and support of this patient population. In this article, the postnatal management strategies and primary and secondary outcomes of high‐volume international pediatric surgical centers will be reviewed. Finally, the role of a multidisciplinary management team for the follow‐up of long‐term CDH survivors will be discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of fetal cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Picone Olivier , Simon Isabelle , Benachi Alexandra , Brunelle Francis , Sonigo Pascale 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adds useful information to the one obtained by ultrasound in fetuses with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.MethodsMRI and ultrasonographic findings were analyzed retrospectively in 38 fetuses with proven congenital CMV infection. Both techniques were performed on the same week at a mean gestational age of 33 weeks (24–37). The referral indications were maternal seroconversion (n = 19), and ultrasound findings (n = 19). The results were compared with the fetopathologic examination in cases with fetal death or termination of pregnancy (TOP) or the infant's neurological examination.ResultsThe 38 cases were classified into three groups, depending on ultrasound findings at referral. Group 1: no ultrasound features (n = 11); group 2: extracerebral features without cerebral abnormalities at ultrasound (n = 13); group 3: presence of cerebral features at ultrasound (n = 14). In group 1, MRI was always normal. In group 2, MRI revealed cerebral features in six cases (46%). In group 3, MRI always confirmed the lesions seen at ultrasound and highlighted other cerebral features.ConclusionsMRI can provide important additional information with regard to abnormal gyration, cerebellar hypoplasia, or abnormal signal in white matter. It is certainly useful in the assessment of fetuses with extracerebral features without brain abnormalities detected with ultrasounds. If the fetal ultrasound is strictly normal in an infected fetus, MRI may not detect brain anomalies; however, it seems difficult to not perform this noninvasive procedure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐pressure rate coefficients of the reaction of O(3P) with CF3I and CH3I
Authors: Teruel Mariano A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAbsolute rate coefficients for the gas‐phase reactions of CF3I and CH3I with O(3P) atoms were measured at 298 K by the discharge flow technique coupled to resonance fluorescence to monitor O(3P) atoms. This is the first kinetic study for these reactions under low‐pressure conditions (1.56–3.26 Torr). The overall rate coefficients were (5.2 ± 0.7) × 10−12 and (2.3 ± 0.3) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The experiments were carried out under pseudo‐first‐order conditions with [O(3P)]0 ≪ [RI]0.The results are compared with previous measurements using different experimental techniques at higher pressures. Free energy relationships and atmospheric implications are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anomeric effect plays a major role in the conformational isomerism of fluorinated pnictogen compounds
Authors: Martins Levindo E. , Freitas Matheus P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAccording to our theoretical studies, the anomeric effect, an stereoelectronic interaction between lone pair and a vicinal antibonding orbital, has shown to contribute decisively for the conformational isomerism of 1‐fluoro‐N,N‐dimethylmethanamine (1) and of its corresponding P, As and Sb analogues (2–4). CX bonds in 2–4 are larger than in the parent compound 1, thus providing a LPX/CF* interaction progressively weaker on going from 1 to 4. However, such hyperconjugation contributed by more than 1.3 kcal mol−1 for the stabilization of anti conformer in 4 (θLPXCF = 180°), increasing to 24.1 kcal mol−1 in 1. An isodesmic reaction model supported these findings. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and aromatic aspects of tautomeric equilibrium in hydroxy aryl Schiff bases
Authors: Filarowski A. , Kochel A. , Kluba M. , Kamounah F. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and X‐ray measurements of four Schiff bases were carried out at 100 K. The HOMA and HOSE aromaticity indices were estimated on the basis of the experimental data. The aromaticity of the phenyl ring and the chelate chain was analysed. A comparison of the aromaticity of naphthalene and phenyl derivatives of hydroxy aryl Schiff bases is presented. The balance between the aromaticity of adjacent rings of the naphthalene fragment and its effect on proton transfer is defined. Research on the interrelations between aromaticity and the intramolecular proton transfer in hydroxy aryl Schiff bases is shown. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The herbicide flamprop‐M‐methyl has a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action
Authors: Tresch Stefan , Niggeweg Ricarda , Grossmann Klaus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The herbicidal mode of action of flamprop‐M‐methyl [methyl N‐benzoyl‐N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐D‐alaninate] was investigated.RESULTS: For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used, which indicated a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides. Cytochemical fluorescence studies, which included monoclonal antibodies against polymerized tubulin, were applied to elucidate effects on mitosis and microtubule assembly in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 50 µM of flamprop‐M‐methyl, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells ceased within 4 h. The compound severely disturbed the orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, leading to defective spindle and phragmoblast structures. Cortical microtubules were only slightly affected. In late anaphase and early telophase cells, phragmoblast microtubules were disorganized in multiple arrays that hampered regular cell plate deposition in cytokinesis. Microtubules of the spindle apparatus were found attached to chromosomal kinetochores, but did not show regular organization associated with a zone of microtubule‐organizing centres at the opposite ends of the cell. On account of this loss of spindle organization, chromosomes remained in a condensed state of prometaphase or metaphase. Unlike known microtubule disrupter herbicides, flamprop‐M‐methyl and its biologically active metabolite flamprop did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization to microtubules in vitro at 50 µM. In contrast, soybean plants responded sensitively to the compounds.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that flamprop‐M‐methyl is a mitotic disrupter herbicide with a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action that affects orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, possibly by minus‐end microtubule disassembly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
M ‐plane InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes fabricated by MOCVD regrowth on c ‐plane patterned templates
Authors: Schaake Christopher A. , Fichtenbaum Nicholas A. , Neufeld Carl J. , Keller Stacia , DenBaars Steven P. , Speck James S. , Mishra Umesh K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate a light emitting diode (LED) with m ‐plane quantum wells fabricated on a (000$ \bar 1 $) template. N‐polar, n‐type GaN was grown by MOCVD on vicinal sapphire substrates. Stripes, measuring 500 nm wide, 500 nm tall and spaced 2 μm apart, were etched parallel to the 〈11$ \bar 2 $0〉 direction leading to sidewalls that are approximately {10$ \bar 1 $0}. Sputtered AlN was used as a regrowth mask on the c ‐plane surfaces. An active region consisting of 5 InGaN quantum wells and GaN barriers followed by p‐type was grown. The regrowth occurred mostly on the exposed m ‐plane sidewalls, leading to lateral growth in the 〈10$ \bar 1 $0〉 direction. The LED was processed using conventional methods. A thick metal contact was used to connect the p‐regions together. Current vs. voltage measurements showed good rectifying behavior with a turn on of about 6 volts. On‐wafer electroluminescence measurements revealed a peak wavelength of 422 nm. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in GaAs:Er,O by pump and probe transmission spectroscopy
Authors: Shimada K. , Takemoto S. , Hidaka K. , Terai Y. , Tonouchi M. , Fujiwara Y. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractUltrafast dynamics of photoexcited carriers in Er,O‐codoped GaAs (GaAs:Er,O) and Er‐doped GaAs (GaAs:Er) have been investigated by means of pump and probe transmission spectroscopy, and discussed in relation to Er‐related photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Time‐resolved transmission signal in undoped GaAs showed a temporal increase due to saturation of optical absorption, and then decreased reflecting the recovery of the absorption. The decrease consisted of two components corresponding to intra‐band relaxation (< 1 ps) and inter‐band relaxation (> 50 ps). In GaAs:Er,O and GaAs:Er, on the other hand, an additional component was observed. The relaxation time was 4 ∼ 11 ps. This relaxation time, assigned to carrier trapping time by an Er‐related trapping, became short with increasing Er‐related PL intensity. These results suggest the fast carrier capturing plays an important role for the enhancement of the Er‐related luminescence. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Be‐doping on InGaN/GaN nanocolumn light‐emitting diode structures by rf‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy
Authors: Sekiguchi Hiroto , Kato Kei , Kikuchi Akihiko , Kishino Katsumi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGaN nanocolumns are one‐dimensional high‐quality dislocation‐free nano‐crystals. The effect of Be‐doping on GaN nanocolumns was investigated using InGaN/GaN nanocolumn LED structure grown by RF‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy. Be was doped into the upper cladding region of the nanocolumn light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Be is expected to be a p‐type dopant of GaN with a shallow accepter level, but p‐type conductivity was not obtained in these experiments. However, we observed a remarkable enhancement of the lateral growth of the GaN nanocolumn by Be doping; that is, the surface of the Be‐doped region became smooth and continuous with increasing Be doping concentration. The root mean square (RMS) surface roughness was reduced from 35 to 10 nm with increasing Be cell temperature from 710 to 975 °C. Cross‐sectional TEM observation revealed that no threading dislocations were generated in the observed area at the conjunction boundary between neighboring nanocolumns during lateral growth. This suggests that a high‐quality overgrowth layer with a low threading dislocation density can be realized on Be‐doped GaN nanocolumns. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effects of GaAs interval layer on GaNAs/GaAs superlattice structure grown by RF‐MBE using modulated N radical beam sequence
Authors: Fujii Kensuke , Kumamoto Tsuneaki , Oda Yuichi , Nishioka Ayami , Miyagawa Hayato , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Koshiba Shyun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe have investigated the effects of GaAs interval layers on the structure of GaNAs/GaAs superlattices (SLs) grown by radio‐frequency molecular beam epitaxy. As the results of x‐ray diffraction, it is found that periodic structure of GaNAs/GaAs SL is better in the case of thicker GaAs layer than that of thin GaAs layer, whereas the GaNAs layer thickness is constant of 10 ML. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of SL samples clearly demonstrate the drastic effects of GaAs layer thickness on the GaNAs/GaAs SL structures. High resolution TEM study of the sample with a thin AlAs layer inserted between GaNAs and GaAs, for improved contrast, reveals existence of the roughening process during GaNAs layer growth and the smoothing process during GaAs layer growth. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Commercial GaInNAs VCSELs grown by MBE
Authors: Jewell J. , Graham L. , Crom M. , Maranowski K. , Smith J. , Fanning T. , Schnoes M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractVertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting in the 1260‐1650 nm band are desired for low‐cost, low‐power optical communications on single‐mode fibers. Use of the GaInNAs material system [3], grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), has yielded the best reproducibility, performance and reliability [1, 2]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies of optical emission in the high intensity pumping regime of top‐down ZnO nanostructures and thin films grown on c‐sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Divay L. , Rogers D. J. , Lusson A. , Kostcheev S. , Murtry S. Mc , Lérondel G. , Téhérani F. Hosseini 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe report on the emission of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) under high intensity excitation. In order to clarify the origin of the emission bands, we compared results for high quality thin films (75 nm) before and after “top‐down” nanopatterning. A nanopattering technique was developed for this purpose. The technique combined Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) and lift‐off techniques and Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching (ICP RIE). The emission spectra of the two types of samples were found to have a difference in their fine structure that was attributed, in part, to the existence of guided emission in the thin films and exciton weak confinement effects in the nanostructures. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spin selective optical excitation in charge‐tunable GaAs quantum dots
Authors: Sanada Haruki , Sogawa Tetsuomi , Gotoh Hideki , Kamada Hidehiko , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Nakano Hidetoshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSpin selective optical excitation using polarizationresolved photoluminescence spectroscopy is demonstrated in a single charge‐tunable GaAs quantum dot. The degree of circular polarization of the luminescence emitted from a negative trion strongly depends on the excitation energy at a specific bias voltage. We discuss the effect of the trion formation processes via trion excited states on spin orientation in quantum dots. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanically detected field‐induced Mn spin rotation in GaMnAs
Authors: Onomitsu Koji , Mahboob Imran , Okamoto Hajime , Yamaguchi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTo study the magnetization properties of a micron‐sized GnMnAs film, we characterize the mechanical properties of a micro‐cantilever integrating a GaMnAs Hall bar. The magnetic field dependence of its mechanical resonance frequency below the Curie temperature is remarkably different from that above the Curie temperature. The frequency shift, which reflects the field‐induced Mn spin rotation, is mainly caused by the magnetoelastic coupling. This result demonstrates that a micromechanical cantilever is a powerful tool for investigating the magnetic properties of micrometer‐sized ferromagnetic materials. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Habitat used by Macrhybopsis chubs associated with channel modifying structures in a large regulated river: implications for river modification
Authors: Ridenour Clayton J. , Starostka Andrew B. , Doyle Wyatt J. , Hill Tracy D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe examined use of channel modifying structures (CMS; e.g., engineered rock dikes, channel sandbars) and their associated smaller spatial‐scale habitats (SSH) on lower Missouri River, USA, by speckled chub (Macrhybopsis aestivalis), sicklefin chub (M. meeki) and sturgeon chub (M. gelida) from June through October, 2006 to identify important habitat characteristics that could aid conservation. We sampled chubs primarily in six CMS types: L‐dikes, wing‐dikes, kicker dikes, rootless dikes, channel sandbars and bank‐lines. Ninety‐three per cent of chubs were collected from L‐dikes, wing‐dikes and channel sandbars. Unidentifiable Macrhybopsis chubs (UHY) were less than 35‐mm TL, were collected early in the sampling season and were most associated with L‐dikes where mean bottom current velocity was slow (0.07 m/s). Chubs large enough to be identified to species were associated with large channel sandbars where mean bottom current velocity was faster (0.34 m/s). Chubs from wing‐dikes were more abundant in shallow water (<1.2 m deep) adjacent to bars than in deeper (>1.2 m deep), open‐water areas (p = 0.007). Month accounted for 54% and CMS with SSH 18% of explained variation in chub species distribution and abundance. Our results demonstrate that CMS in the contemporary lower Missouri River channel provide multiple habitats for multiple life‐stages of Macrhybopsis chubs (e.g., nursery and post‐nursery habitats). L‐ and wing‐dikes may provide surrogate nursery habitats for chubs where in‐channel slow‐velocity areas were lost after river channelization. Managing CMS to address life history stages and an ecologically appropriate proportion and distribution of dike to channel sandbar habitats may be critical for conservation of native Macrhybopsis chubs in lower Missouri River. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shareholder activism for corporate social responsibility: what do we know?
Authors: Sjöström Emma 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere is a growing body of research on shareholder activism for corporate social and environmental responsibility. This paper maps and synthesizes research on this topic during 1983–2007. Five key themes emerge. (1) Several studies address shareholder proposals in the US, including proposal topics, voting results, and typical targets for such activism. (2) Other studies focus on the effects of shareholder activism on corporate policy and practice. Further, studies have been conducted on shareholder activism by (3) NGOs, (4) unions and (5) pension funds respectively. Based on this review, missing perspectives are identified and suggestions are made for future research directions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Stress and placental resistance measured by Doppler ultrasound in early and mid‐pregnancy
Authors: Harville E. W. , Savitz D. A. , Dole N. , Herring A. H. , Thorp J. M. , Light K. C. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between self reports and biomarkers of stress and placental resistance (measured by Doppler ultrasound of the uterine and umbilical arteries), to determine if restriction of blood flow to the placenta is a mechanism by which stress might affect health during pregnancy.MethodsEight hundred and seventy‐two women had ultrasound examinations of the uterine artery at 15–19 weeks' gestation and the uterine and umbilical arteries at 24–29 weeks, and resistance and pulsatility indices were calculated. Psychosocial stress was measured by telephone interview and self‐administered questionnaire using several validated tools twice during the pregnancy. Cortisol and corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) were measured twice during the pregnancy. Linear and hierarchical models were used to examine the relationships among reported stress, stress hormones and placental Doppler indices.ResultsThe umbilical artery resistance index was higher in younger women, those with less education, those who were single and those who smoked. The uterine artery pulsatility index was higher in women with pre‐eclampsia, those living alone, those with high body mass index, and those who gained the least weight during pregnancy. A higher CRH level was associated with small increases in uterine artery pulsatility and umbilical artery resistance indices. Psychosocial measures of stress were not consistently associated with higher placental resistance.ConclusionsIncreased CRH levels may be associated with increased placental resistance. Otherwise, these findings do not support the hypothesis that restriction of blood flow to the fetus is a major mechanism by which stress affects infant health. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary Resection for Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chen Fengshi , Sonobe Makoto , Sato Kiyoshi , Fujinaga Takuji , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Sakai Hiroaki , Miyahara Ryo , Bando Toru , Okubo Kenichi , Hirata Toshiki , Date Hiroshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary metastasectomy has become the standard therapy for various metastatic malignancies to the lungs; however, little data have been available about lung metastasectomy for head and neck cancers. To confirm a role for resection of pulmonary metastases for such tumors, we reviewed our institutional experience.MethodsBetween 1991 and 2007, 20 patients with pulmonary metastases from head and neck cancers underwent complete pulmonary resection. All patients had obtained or had obtainable locoregional control of their primary head and neck cancers. Various perioperative variables were investigated retrospectively to analyze the prognostic factors for overall survival and disease‐free survival after metastasectomy.ResultsOf the 20 patients, 10 (50%) had squamous cell carcinoma, 7 (35%) had adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 3 had miscellaneous carcinomas. The median disease‐free interval from the time of treatment of the head and neck primary cancers to the development of pulmonary metastases was 27 months. Overall survival rate after metastasectomy was 59.4% at 5 years and 47.5% at 10 years, respectively. Disease‐free survival rate was 25.0% at 5 years after pulmonary resection. A disease‐free interval equal to or longer than 12 months was a significantly favorable prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease‐free survival (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma and male sex showed a worse overall survival (p = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively).ConclusionThe current practice of pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers in our institution was well justified. A disease‐free interval equal to or longer than 12 months, nonsquamous cell carcinoma, and female sex might be relevant to a better prognosis.