bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A chemically defined medium for the propagation of rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Chan Sham‐Yuen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA chemically defined medium (MB‐DF) has been developed for the propagation of the rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell line (PA‐III). The medium (MB‐DF) was supplemented with fetuin, insulin, transferrin, dexamethasone, and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone, but require no serum supplement. The adapted line, PA‐III,. has been grown in this serum‐free medium for 30 passages over a period of 12 months without losing the malignant or other characteristics of the parent line. When transplanted into syngeneic rats, the PA‐III, cells reconstituted the adenocarcinoma and metastasized spontaneously via ipsilateral lymphatic channels to the lungs. This cell line will be of use in further analyses of enzymes associated with biological properties of the tumor cells.
In vitro susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis to zinc
Authors: Gardner William A. , O'Hara Caroline , Bailey Janice , Bennett Betsy D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prostate has long been considered to be a site of sequestration of Trichomonas vaginalis. From this reservoir, organisms are thought to be shed during intercourse and produce repeated infections in the female genitourinary tract. Bacteria known to cause prostatitis are inhibited by concentrations of zinc found in uninfected prostatic secretions. The present study demonstrates a similar inhibitory effect of zinc on the growth of T. vaginalis. This finding would suggest that, in otherwise healthy males, the prostate is not likely to be a reservoir for latent infection by these organisms.
A serologic approach to the definition of human prostatic carcinoma antigens
Authors: Webb Karen S. , Ware Joy L. , Parks Susane F. , Paulson David F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used an immunoaffinity system whereby immunoglobulin from patients with prostatic carcinoma was coupled to solid phase protein A; the immobilized IgG was subsequently exposed to radiolabeled antigen from autochthonous or allogeneic primary tumor extracts or to radiolabeled antigen from a nude mouse‐supported prostatic carcinoma cell line. Material specifically bound by prostatic carcinoma patient immune IgG was quantitatively eluted from the immunoadsorbent and characterized with regard to molecular weight. Sequential adsorption analyses of patient sera with normal human tissue pools, normal prostatic tissue, prostatic carcinoma tissue, and tissue from other urogenital malignancies has allowed a definition of those antigenic specificities relevant in the immunobiology of prostatic carcinoma. The patient humoral response was observed to be directed primarily toward a complex array of antigens representing normal human tissue components; serorecognition of prostate tumor associated antigens was discernable from that of common tissue antigens only after rigorous adsorption analyses. Preliminary results indicate that the prostatic cancer patient humoral antibody response may be directed toward either altered histocompatibility complex antigens or toward antigens physically associated with histocompatibility complex antigens.
Transrectal fine‐needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic diagnosis and grading of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Willems Jan‐Silvester , Löwhagen Torsten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article, the Karolinska experience of transrectal fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of prostatic carcinoma, which now extends over more than twenty years, is evaluated. The cytologic criteria for diagnosing prostatic carcinoma in aspirates are well defined. While accuracy of cytodiagnosis is similar to that of histopathologic diagnosis, fine‐needle aspiration is a less traumatic, cheaper procedure compared with histologic biopsy methods. Accuracy depends very much upon the skill of the examiner taking the cell samples and on the alertness of the cytopathologist for possible diagnostic pitfalls. Cytologic grading of prostatic carcinoma into well, moderately, and poorly differentiated types has been shown to be correlated significantly not only to histopathologic grading, but also to clinical stage, response to hormonal therapy and survival. The degree of tumor differentiation is well reproduced by independent observers. Cytochemical parameters, such as DNA measurement, constitute a potential refinement of cytologic grading, especially in moderately differentiated carcinomas. In medical centers with long experience of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, the method has a central role in diagnosis and management of prostatic carcinoma, including posttherapy follow‐up.
Androgens and prostate‐specific acid phosphatase in whole tissue and in separated epithelium from human benign prostatic hypertrophic glands
Authors: Bolton Nicholas J. , Lahtonen Riitta , Vihko Pirkko , Kontturi Matti , Vihko Reijo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concentrations of prostate‐specific acid phosphatase (PAP), testosterone, 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (5α‐DHT), 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol, androstenedione, 5α‐androstanedione, and androsterone were measured by specific radioimmunoassays in whole pieces and in separated epithelium from human benign pro‐static hypertrophic (BPH) tissues. Significant correlations were noted between the concentrations of PAP and 5α‐DHT, and PAP and 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol in the epithelium, and between PAP and androstenedione, and PAP and testosterone in the whole tissue. The results indicate that in the epithelium the synthesis of PAP is androgen dependent, particularly as regards 5α‐DHT, whereas 5α‐androstane‐3α, 17β‐diol may operate after conversion to 5α‐DHT. There is no obvious explanation for the correlations noted in whole tissue, but is suggested that circulating androgens, representing the androgen source for the prostate, primarily determine the production of PAP. The majority of the PAP in BPH tissues is located extracellularly.
Cadmium‐induced prostate metallothionein in the rabbit
Authors: Waalkes M. P. , Donovan M. P. , Thomas J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMale rabbits injected with cadmium chloride (4 mg/kg) lead to the detection of a major metal‐containing peak in the prostate cytosol. Chromatographic profiles indicate the presence of metallothionein (MT). MT is associated with zinc ion. The rabbit prostate, like that of other species, contains zinc‐associated proteins, and this protein possesses many of the characteristics of metallothionein.
An anatomic and histologic study of the rat prostate
Authors: Jesik C. J. , Holland J. M. , Lee C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious morphologic features of the rat prostate complex were characterized by anatomic dissection and by light microscope histology. The prostate complex is viewed as a whole and it is related to the individual portions of the male reproductive system. The three lobes of the prostate are designated as ventral, lateral, and dorsal according to their relation to the urethra. These lobes are connected to the urethra by fascia and a series of ducts. Relations of the prostate to the seminal vesicles, coagulating glands, vas deferens and ampullary glands, urinary bladder, and ureters are described. Vascular supply is also reviewed. While the acinar pattern of each prostatic lobe is unique, the dorsal and lateral lobes more closely resemble each other than the ventral lobes.
Copenhagen rat prostatic tumor ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) and the effect of the ODC inhibitor alpha‐difluoromethylornithine
Authors: Heston W. D. W. , Kadmon D. , Lazan D. W. , Fair W. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe R3327MAT‐Lu tumor is a rapidly growing anaplastic derivative of the Dunning R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma. We have found the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity of this tumor to be as sensitive to inhibition by alpha‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) as normal rat prostate. The same was true for all the other R3327 tumor derivatives we studied. The in vivo inhibition of ODC by DFMO allowed increased uptake of exogenously administered putrescine by the R3327 AT tumor. Further, DFMO was inhibitory to the growth of the R3327MAT‐Lu both in vitro and in vivo.
Responses to androgens of rat ventral prostate nuclear androgen‐binding sites sensitive and resistant to micrococcal nuclease
Authors: Davies P. , Thomas P. , Giles M. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat ventral prostate nuclei were separated into three major fractions by mild digestion with micrococcal nuclease and two fractions by extensive digestion. All fractions contained an‐drogen‐binding sites. Almost 50% of nuclear binding sites were resistant to enzymic digestion when only 5–15% of total DNA was resistant. Under milder digestion conditions, 21% of nuclear binding sites were associated with an intermediate fraction, representing 16% of total nuclear DNA, which was enriched in specific androgen‐regulated gene sequences. This fraction was rapidly degraded by more extensive digestion. The nuclease sensitivity of these particular genes was markedly influenced by castration and the administration of dihydro‐testosterone to castrated animals. The nuclear content of both nuclease‐resistant and ‐sensitive androgen‐binding sites was decreased by castration. Whereas the administration of an‐drogen to animals castrated 1 day previously preferentially replenished nuclease‐resistant sites, nuclease‐sensitive sites, including those associated with transcriptionally active regions, had apparent priority when androgen was supplied to animals castrated 7 days previously. The significance of these observations to the regulation of nuclear processes and the possible interrelationships of nuclease‐sensitive and ‐insensitive sites are discussed.
Plasminogen activator activity in human prostate and breast tumors: Relationship to steroid receptors
Authors: Rennie Paul S. , Bruchovsky Nicholas , Mo Shudon , De Jong Gary , Cheng Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a fluorometric assay based on the activation of human plasminogen, plasminogen activator (PA) activity was measured in cytosolic and lysosomal extracts prepared from normal, benign hyperplastic (BPH), and carcinomatous human prostates. In all three types of prostatic tissue, the lysosomal extracts had much higher concentrations of PA activity than did the cytosolic extracts. The mean PA activity in lysosomal extracts of the carcinomatous prostates was 170% and 85% higher than that measured in normal and BPH prostates, respectively (Student's t‐test, p < .05). With prostatic carcinoma and BPH specimens there was an inverse (negative) relationship between lysosomal PA activity and the nuclear concentration of androgen‐receptors (correlation coefficient, −0.84). By comparison in specimens of human breast tumors, there were weakly positive correlations between PA activity and either estrogen (ER) or progestin (PR) receptors (correlation coefficients of +0.23 and +0.54, respectively). While as a group ER+, PR+ breast tumors had higher PA activity that ER+, PR‐ or ER‐, PR‐ tumors, the differences were not statistically significant (Student's t‐test, p > .05). Thus in breast tumors, it is uncertain whether high levels of PA activity are indicative of hormonal dependence. However, our findings with prostatic tumors infer that in contrast, high concentrations of this enzyme may reflect a malignant phenotype characterized by a decrease in both androgen responsiveness and differentiation.
Induction of prostate adenocarcinomas in Lobund Wistar rats by testosterone
Authors: Pollard Morris , Luckert Phyllis H. , Schmidt Marjorie A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstate adenocarcinomas were induced in Lobund Wistar rats following subcutaneous implants of silastic chambers containing testosterone propionate. The tumors resembled those that developed spontaneously in the Lobund Wistar rats. Tumors were not induced in ACI rats by the same treatment schedule.
Combined long‐term treatment with an LHRH agonist and a pure antiandrogen blocks androgenic influence in the rat
Authors: Lefebvre F. A. , Séguin C. , Bélanger A. , Caron S. , Sairam M. R. , Raynaud J. P. , Labrie F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDaily administration for 5 months of the potent LHRH agonist (D‐Ser(TBU)6, des‐Gly‐NH210) LHRH ethylamide (250 ng) in combination with the pure antiandrogen RU23908 (5 mg) to adult male rats causes a marked inhibition of ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight to 9% and 15% of control, respectively. At the doses used, owing to readjustments of the pituitary‐testicular axis, neither treatment alone has an effect on prostate weight and exerts only minimal inhibitory effects on seminal vesicle weight. Whereas treatment with the LHRH agonist alone markedly inhibits testicular LH and PRL receptor levels, the antiandrogen alone stimulates the concentration of the two receptors and reverses the inhibitory effect of the LHRH agonist treatment on LH receptors. Treatment with the LHRH agonist decreases plasma PRL levels, whereas the antiandrogen increases the concentration of circulating LH and FSH by 250%. Treatment with the LHRH agonist decreases the concentration of testosterone and its precursors of the Δ4‐pathway while stimulating 5α‐reductase activity in both the absence and presence of simultaneous treatment with the antiandrogen. The present data show that blockage of the Δ4‐steroidogenic pathway induced by treatment with an LHRH agonist prevents the escape phenomenon observed during long‐term treatment with a pure antiandrogen, and permits maximal inhibitory effects of the two treatments on secondary sex organ weight. Such combined treatment with an LHRH agonist (to block androgen formation) and an antiandrogen (to neutralize remaining androgens of testicular and adrenal origin) should be the hormonal therapy of choice in prostatic carcinoma.
A comparative clinical trial of adriamycin and 5‐fluorouracil in advanced prostatic cancer: Prognostic factors and response
Authors: Dewys William D. , Begg Colin B. , Brodovsky Harvey , Creech Richard , Khandekar Janardan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn patients with metastatic hormone‐relapsed adenocarcinoma of the prostate, adriarnycin was compared to 5‐fluorouracil in a randomized trial in 99 patients and adriamycin alone was studied in an open trial in 48 patients. Response to adriamycin was superior as judged by response of measurable disease (25 vs 8%; P <0.05) and survival (median 29 vs 24 weeks; Cox analysis, P <0.03), but comparable as judged by acid phosphatase response. Ambulatory status and site of metastases influenced rate of response to chemotherapy. Activity level, site of metastases, weight loss, and the symptom of protein aversion were prognostic factors for survival. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were frequent but were tolerated satisfactorily. Adriamycin therapy may be beneficial in patients with prostatic cancer after hormone therapy.
Fibroadenoma‐like foci in human prostatic nodular hyperplasia
Authors: Kafandari P. M. , Polyzonis M. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA morphologically distinctive lesion similar to fibroadenomas in female breast was found in 12 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia out of 1356 prostatic specimens examined. All of them were from patients older than 60 years of age, and none from either normal or carcinomatous prostates. A possible pathogenetic interrelationship between the prostatic lesion and the fibroadenomas of female breast is discussed.
Provisional “Normograms” for identifying adenocarcinomas of the prostate or colon and hepatocellular carcinoma derived from their distribution of proteins separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Anderson K. M. , Baranowski J. , Bonomi Philip , Economou S. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of proteins in samples from 8 prostate and 4 colon adenocarcinomas and 1 hepatoma was analyzed by 2‐dimensional protein electrophoresis. Composite “normograms” based upon their distribution of proteins were developed from these patterns. Particular attention was paid to acidic proteins between pI 3.5 and 5.9. Of 161 proteins enumerated, 23 of the first 135 were present in prostate cancers, compared with 68 in colon cancer and 85 in the hepatoma. The 26 proteins denoted from nos. 135 to 161 were prostate associated, and none was evident in the colon or hepatoma samples. Twenty‐seven prostate, 20 colon, and 48 liver cancer proteins were “unique” to each of the 3 cancers, respectively. The patterns of protein associated with each type of cancer were so dissimilar that with this technique no difficulty should be experienced in distinguishing these carcinomas orginating from 3 different types of “stem” cells without obligatory recourse to microscopy.
Endobronchial metastasis from prostate carcinoma
Authors: Scherz Hal , Schmidt Joseph D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMetastasis from the prostate to the lungs is common; however, endobronchial metastasis from the prostate has been reported only twice. We report a patient with endobronchial metastases from the prostate in the absence of bony metastases. Clinical and roentgeno‐graphic findings of pulmonary metastases from prostate cancer are described, and therapeutic considerations are discussed.
Accounting for ligand‐bound metal ions in docking small molecules on adenylyl cyclase toxins
Authors: Chen Deliang , Menche Gerd , Power Trevor D. , Sower Laurie , Peterson Johnny W. , Schein Catherine H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adenylyl cyclase toxins produced by bacteria (such as the edema factor (EF) of Bacillus anthracis and CyaA of Bordetella pertussis) are important virulence factors in anthrax and whooping cough. Co‐crystal structures of these proteins differ in the number and positioning of metal ions in the active site. Metal ions bound only to the ligands in the crystal structures are not included during the docking. To determine what effect these “missing” metals have on docking results, the AutoDock, LigandFit/Cerius2, and FlexX programs were compared for their ability to correctly place substrate analogues and inhibitors into the active sites of the crystal structures of EF, CyaA, and mammalian adenylate cyclase. Protonating the phosphates of substrate analogues improved the accuracy of docking into the active site of CyaA, where the grid did not account for one of the three Mg2+ ions in the crystal structure. The AutoDock ranking (based on docking energies) of a test group of compounds was relatively unaffected by protonation of carboxyl groups. However, the ranking by FlexX‐ChemScore varied significantly, especially for docking to CyaA, suggesting that alternate protonation states should be tested when screening compound libraries with this program. When the charges on the bound metal were set correctly, AutoDock was the most reliable program of the three tested with respect to positioning substrate analogues and ranking compounds according to their experimentally determined ability to inhibit EF. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonparametric empirical Bayes method for comparison of treatment effects with application to stress urinary incontinence data
Authors: Liu Chaofeng , Shen Wei , Xie Jun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHierarchical models are widely used in medical research to structure complicated models and produce statistical inferences. In a hierarchical model, observations are sampled conditional on some parameters and these parameters are sampled from a common prior distribution. Bayes and empirical Bayes (EB) methods have been effectively applied in analyzing these models. Despite many successes, parametric Bayes and EB methods may be sensitive to misspecification of prior distributions. In this paper, without specific restriction on the form of the prior distribution, we propose a nonparametric EB method to estimate the treatment effect of each group and develop a testing procedure to compare between‐group differences. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed EB method was more efficient than some standard procedures. An illustrative example is provided with data from a clinical trial evaluating a new treatment for patients with stress urinary incontinence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Aggregation–Activity Relationship (QAAR): Supermolecular View, Dimer as the Simplest Aggregation State and Monomolecule
Authors: Fan Feng , Li Zhong , Xu Xiaoyong , Qian Xuhong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAggregation state of bioactive compounds plays a key role in its bio‐interactive procedure. In this paper, based on the structural information of dimers, the simplest model of aggregation state, classical QSAR, was used for the investigation of the relationship between aggregation state and bioactivity. Aided by the template of crystal structure of Teflubenzuron, two dimer descriptors of ΔE and ΔRg which could describe parts of the aggregation state characters were used to establish the models. QSAR research implicates that the bioactivity may strongly depend on the molecular aggregation state.
Calculated spectral properties of perylene orange, perylene red, and their complex with sodium azide
Authors: Aldongarov Anuar , Barashkov Nikolay N. , Irgibaeva Irina S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing the method of density functional theory in approximating B3LYP with the basis set 6‐31G(d) the computations of structures of the following dyes 2,2′‐N‐N′‐di(1,3‐diisopropylbenzene)‐diimide 3,4,9,10‐perylenetethracarbon acid (Perylene Orange‐PO) and 1,6,7,12‐tethraphenyl ether 2,2′‐N,N′‐di(1,3‐diisopropylbenzene)‐diimide 3,4,9,10‐perylenetethracarbon acid (Perylene Red‐PR) were performed. It was revealed that PO and PR have nonplanar structures. On the basis of the predicted geometrical structures and molecular orbitals of S0 ground state their theoretical UV‐vis spectra, which are in good agreement with experiment, were obtained by applying time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) method. In addition, the calculations of complex [PR … NaN3] and its UV‐vis spectrum, which was compared with the observed electron spectrum of PR ethanol solution in the presence of NaN3 under the laser irradiation at 532 nm, were carried out. By using DFT method at B3LYP level the calculations of the assumed complex were made where the reaction coordinate was the distance between Na+ and carbonyl group O atom. It was suggested that [PR … NaN3] complex formation involves transition of PR to the triplet state which brings about formation of PR anion. New peak at 793 nm in UV‐vis spectrum of this solution under the laser irradiation at 532 nm is supposed to be a PR anion band. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007