bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Bone Mineral Density as a Risk Factor for Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Cheung Ka-Shing , Mak Lung-Yi , Tan Kathryn C B , Kung Annie W C , Wong Ian Chi-Kei , Cheung Ching-Lung 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Bone metabolism interplays with liver metabolism, also known as the liver-bone axis. Osteoporosis is a common complication of cirrhosis, but whether bone mineral density (BMD) can predict cirrhosis development is unknown.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the relationship between BMD and the risk of incident cirrhosis in the Hong Kong Osteoporosis Study (HKOS).

Methods
BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and trochanter of 7752 participants by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the incidence of cirrhosis and mortality were followed by linking to the territory-wide electronic health records database. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI.

Results
With a median follow-up of 18.43 years, 42 incident cirrhosis were identified. Higher BMD T-scores at the femoral neck, total hip, and trochanter were significantly associated with a reduced risk of cirrhosis (femoral neck: HR 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39-0.82; total hip: HR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44-0.82; trochanter: HR 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.88). Similar associations were observed in participants without risk factors of cirrhosis at the baseline and further adjusting for the baseline level of alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and alanine transaminase. Consistent relationships in multiple sensitivity analyses suggest the robustness of the results.

Conclusion
Low BMD could be a novel risk factor and early predictor for cirrhosis, with consistent associations observed in multiple sensitivity analyses.
Metabolic accompaniments of variants of uric acid exchange
Authors: Bombushkar Igor 
Published: April 2024

Background. During the implementation of the project "Physiological activity of uric acid", our group discovered four variants of the combination of levels of uricemia and uricosuria in patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the remission phase, which are accompanied by characteristic constellations of parameters of the autonomic nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, the levels of which correlate with uricemia and/or uricosuria. The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between parameters of exchange of uric acid and other metabolites. Materials and methods. Under an observations were 34 males (23-70 years) and 10 females (33-76 years) with chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of remission. The object of the study was serum and urine levels of uric acid as well as calcium, magnesium, phosphates, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine, urea and glucose. Results. Among all registered parameters, 12 were identified as characteristic of the four variants of uric acid metabolism. The discriminant model includes, in addition to uricosuria and uricemia by definition, blood levels of creatinine, urea, glucose, phosphates, magnesium, and potassium, creatinineuria as well as body mass index, electrokinetic index and sex index. According to the results of the canonical correlation analysis, it was established that balneotherapy-induced concomitant changes in uricosuria and uricemia positively determine changes in diuresis and excretion of urea, magnesium, sodium, phosphates, calcium, potassium and chloride, as well as calciumemia and magnesiumemia. Conclusion. The uric acid molecule, as a structural analog of methylxanthines and adenosine, exerts the metabolic effects, probably, as the consequences of its neuro-endocrine effects.
Risk factors influencing periprosthetic fracture and mortality in elderly patients following hemiarthroplasty with a cemented collarless polished taper stem for an intracapsular hip fracture
Authors: Chen Bin , Clement Nick D. , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: April 2024

AimsThe aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of reoperation (all cause and specifically for periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF)) and mortality, and associated risk factors, following a hemiarthroplasty incorporating a cemented collarless polished taper slip stem (PTS) for management of an intracapsular hip fracture.MethodsThis retrospective study included hip fracture patients aged 50 years and older treated with Exeter (PTS) bipolar hemiarthroplasty between 2019 and 2022. Patient demographics, place of domicile, fracture type, delirium status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, length of stay, and mortality were collected. Reoperation and mortality were recorded up to a median follow-up of 29.5 months (interquartile range 12 to 51.4). Cox regression was performed to evaluate independent risk factors associated with reoperation and mortality.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 1,619 patients with a mean age of 82.2 years (50 to 104), of whom 1,100 (67.9%) were female. In total, 29 patients (1.8%) underwent a reoperation; 12 patients (0.7%) sustained a PFF during the observation period (United Classification System (UCS)-A n = 2; UCS-B n = 5; UCS-C n = 5), of whom ten underwent surgical management. Perioperative delirium was independently associated with the occurrence of PFF (hazard ratio (HR) 5.92; p = 0.013) and surgery for UCS-B PFF (HR 21.7; p = 0.022). Neither all-cause reoperation nor PFF-related surgery was independently associated with mortality (HR 0.66; p = 0.217 and HR 0.38; p = 0.170, respectively). Perioperative delirium, male sex, older age, higher ASA grade, and pre-fracture residential status were independently associated with increased mortality risk following hemiarthroplasty (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe cumulative incidence of PFF at four years was 1.1% in elderly patients following cemented PTS hemiarthroplasty for a hip fracture. Perioperative delirium was independently associated with a PFF. However, reoperation for PPF was not independently associated with patient mortality after adjusting for patient-specific factors.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):269–276.
SEMINÁRIO BRASILEIRO: Convergência ou Divergência de Renda e Desenvolvimento?
Authors: Benevides Ferreira Raiane , Ferrera de Lima Jandir 
Published: April 2024

Este estudo analisa se houve convergência ou divergência de renda entre os municípios do semiárido brasileiro, entre os anos de 2005 e 2017. E, para tanto, realizou-se uma análise descritiva das médias de variação, a fim de identificar se houve, ao longo do tempo, uma redução da dispersão entre os municípios, tanto em termos de crescimento como de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, utilizando como parâmetro o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita e o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de um processo de convergência entre os municípios do semiárido brasileiro ao longo do tempo, tanto para o crescimento como para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Tal convergência foi claramente induzida pelo setor terciário da economia, que apresentou a maior média de convergência entre os anos analisados.
High CASC expression predicts poor prognosis of lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Han Hao , Huang Huan , Chen An-ping , Tang Yang , Huang Xin , Chen Cheng 
Published: April 2024

Background
The long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate (CASC) has abnormal expression in lung cancer tissues and may correlate with lung cancer prognosis. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association between CASC expression and the cancer prognosis.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched until April 1, 2023, to obtain the relevant literature. Studies that met the predefined eligibility criteria were included, and their quality was independently assessed by 2 investigators according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. Detailed information was obtained, such as first author, year of publication, and number of patients. Hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was extracted and grouped to assess the relationship between CASC expression and cancer prognosis. The dichotomous data was merged and shown as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% CI was extracted to assess the relationship between CASC expression and clinicopathological parameters.

Results
A total of 12 studies with 746 patients with lung cancer were included in the meta-analysis. The expression levels of lncRNA CASC2 and CASC7 were decreased, while those of CASC9, 11, 15, and 19 were induced in lung cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. In the population with low CASC expression (CASC2 and CASC7), high CASC expression indicated a good lung cancer prognosis (HR = 0.469; 95% CI, 0.271–0.668). Conversely, in the population with high CASC expression (CASC9, 11, 15, and 19), high CASC expression predicted a poor lung cancer outcome (HR = 1.910; 95% CI, 1.628–2.192). High CASC expression also predicted worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.803; 95% CI, 1.804–6.319). Combined OR with 95% CI revealed an insignificant positive association between high CASC expression and advanced TNM stage (OR = 1.061; 95% CI, 0.775–1.454), LNM (OR = 0.962; 95% CI, 0.724–1.277), tumor size (OR = 0.942; 95% CI, 0.667–1.330), and histological grade (OR = 1.022; 95% CI, 0.689–1.517).

Conclusion
The CASC expression levels negatively correlate with lung cancer prognosis. Therefore, CASC expression may serve as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Health state utility values ranges across varying stages and severity of type 2 diabetes-related complications: A systematic review
Authors: Tan Michelle Hwee Pheng , Ong Siew Chin , Tahir Nurul Ain Mohd , Ali Adliah Mhd , Mustafa Norlaila 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Health state utility values (HSUV) for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complications are useful in economic evaluations to determine cost effectiveness of an intervention. However, there is a lack of reference ranges for different severity and stages of individual complications. This study aimed to provide an overview of HSUV decrement ranges for common T2DM complications focusing on different severity and stages of complications.

Method
A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE. (Jan 2000 to April 2022). Included studies for HSUV estimates were from outpatient setting, regardless of treatment types, complication stages, regions and HRQoL instruments. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) outcomes was to be presented as HSUV decrement values, adjusted according to social demographics and comorbidities. Adjusted HSUV decrements were extracted and compiled according to individual complications. After which, subsequently grouped into mild or severe category for comparison.

Results
Searches identified 35 studies. The size of the study population ranged from 160 to 14,826. The HSUV decrement range was widest for cerebrovascular disease (stroke): -0.0060 to -0.0780 for mild stroke and -0.035 to -0.266 for severe stroke; retinopathy: mild (-0.005 to -0.0862), moderate (-0.0030 to -0.1845) and severe retinopathy (-0.023 to -0.2434); amputation: (-0.1050 to -0.2880). Different nature of complication severity defined in studies could be categorized into: those with acute nature, chronic with lasting effects, those with symptoms at early stage or those with repetitive frequency or episodes.

Discussion
Overview of HSUV decrement ranges across different stages of each T2DM diabetes-related complications shows that chronic complications with lasting impact such as amputation, severe stroke with sequelae and severe retinopathy with blindness were generally associated with larger HSUV decrement range. Considerable heterogeneities exist across the studies. Promoting standardized complication definitions and identifying the most influential health state stages on HSUV decrements may assist researchers for future cost-effectiveness studies.
The role of Lesotho community pharmacists in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases: The perceived facilitators and barriers
Authors: Motlohi Nthabiseng Florina , Mensah Kofi Boamah , Padayachee Neelaveni , Petrus Ruwayda , Bangalee Varsha 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality globally. The impact of cardiovascular diseases can be minimized by addressing modifiable risk factors at primary health care level. Community pharmacists are well-positioned to identify patients at risk of cardiovascular diseases for early detection and initiation of treatment. However, the role of Lesotho community pharmacists in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the Lesotho community pharmacists’ role in preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases.

Methods
The methodological reporting of this study was guided by the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies. A list of registered community pharmacists was obtained from the Ministry of Health. Pharmacists were selected based on their close proximity to the researcher and invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically.

Results
Five themes were identified namely: 1) Current roles 2) Future role 3) Facilitators, 4) Barriers, and 5) Community pharmacists’ perceptions of their roles. Generally, community pharmacists were involved in medication counselling, health promotion, and referral of patients. Lack of support from government, patients’ lack of adherence, poor interprofessional relationship, and lack of clear community pharmacy practice guidelines were identified as barriers. Despite the challenges, community pharmacists are motivated by patients’ gratitude for their services.

Conclusions
Lesotho community pharmacists can potentially improve cardiovascular diseases’ health outcomes at primary healthcare level through early detection of CVD risk factors, and health promotion.
Sense of Belonging as a Predictor of Intentions to Drop Out Among Black and White Distance Learning Students at a South African University
Authors: Mtshweni Bongani V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sense of belonging plays an essential role in the retention and success of distance learning students. This study investigated the influence of a sense of belonging on the intentions to drop out among black and white distance learning students at a university in South Africa. A total of 831 participants were surveyed and constituted the sample of this study. The study was conducted using a quantitative research approach. The independent samples t-test results showed that there are racial differences in students’ perceived sense of belonging towards the university, with black students (M = 3.26, SD = 0.84) scoring significantly higher on the sense of belonging compared to white students (M = 2.88, SD = 0.79). Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis results showed that a sense of belonging significantly predicts intentions to drop out of university among black and white students. The results suggest that minority students in distance learning institutions should be supported to enhance their sense of belonging towards their learning environment. Furthermore, the results indicate that distance learning institutions should consider multiple strategies to foster a sense of belonging among students and improve the rates of retention.
Crystal structure of N-(acridin-9-yl)-2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) acetamide monohydrate, C21H25N3O2
Authors: Jing Chen Yang , Zhou Dan , Kan Yu Qian , Zhao Pei Rong , Li Wen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
C21H25N3O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.6536(6) Å, b = 11.027(1) Å, c = 12.6899(11) Å, α = 66.863(2)°, β = 80.598(2)°, γ = 71.772(2)°, V = 934.38(14) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0679, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1150, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of Tb3B5O11(OH)2
Authors: Teichtmeister Tobias A. , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tb3B5O11(OH)2, orthorhombic, Pnna (no. 52), a = 4.4471(1) Å, b = 13.0934(4) Å, c = 13.9055(3) Å, V = 809.68(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0260, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0556, T = 301(1) K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of dimethyl 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diylbis(oxy))dibenzoate, C19H20O6
Authors: Miao-Miao Li , Yan-Ling Zheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
[C19H20O6], monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 22.467(2) Å, b = 4.9925(5) Å, c = 15.8059(17) Å, β = 108.500(1)°, V = 1681.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0309, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0852, T = 296(2) K.
The HSP90AB1-mediated upregulation of IDO1 can promote the progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Jin Chenchen , Xu Xuejiao , Li Tao , Zhang Chunxue , Peng Jianqing , Liu Chao , Zheng Weifeng , Zhang Xu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global challenge, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is identified as a key driver in cancer progression. However, the tumor-promoting mechanism of HSP90 in CRC, particularly HSP90AB1, remains unclear. This study aims to explore and analyze the oncogenic mechanism of HSP90AB1 in CRC and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Materials and methods
HSP90AB1 expression underwent analysis in CRC cell lines and tissues at mRNA and protein levels. Through the use of shRNA, targeted suppression of HSP90AB1 was achieved in CRC cell lines, enabling analysis of its influence on cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. Subsequent investigation focused on elucidating the regulatory relationship between HSP90AB1 and IDO1, employing a combination of bioinformatics approaches and in vitro/vivo experiments. These efforts confirmed IDO1 as a downstream target of HSP90AB1 and provided insight into its role in driving CRC progression.

Results
HSP90AB1 exhibits overexpression in both CRC cell lines and tumor tissues (p<0.05). Its downregulation impedes cell proliferation and invasion (p<0.01), promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest (p<0.05). Investigation reveals that decreased HSP90AB1 leads to the inhibition of IDO1 (p<0.01), suggesting that IDO1 regulation plays a crucial role in mediating the pro-tumorigenic effects of HSP90AB1. In vivo experiments confirm the substantial reduction in tumor growth upon HSP90AB1 knockdown in xenograft models (p<0.01). However, this tumor-suppressive effect is reversed upon IDO1 overexpression (p<0.01), highlighting IDO1 as a downstream target of HSP90AB1 in CRC progression.

Conclusions
HSP90AB1 exerts a regulatory role in the progression of CRC by upregulating IDO1.
A critical overview on impact of different nano-catalytic assemblies for photodegradation of tetracycline
Authors: Khalid Rida , Din Muhammad Imran , Hussain Zaib 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, the removal of tetracycline, a toxic material, from aquatic medium has been a trending subject of research. Several different technologies including adsorption, biological removal method, solvent extraction, coagulation, chemical reduction, photocatalysis and ion exchange method for removal of tetracyclines from wastewater have been reported. However, photocatalysis of tetracyclines (TC) has gained huge interest because of more efficient mineralization of TC into CO2 and water. Several different nanomaterial based photocatalytic assemblies for the removal of tetracyclines have been widely reported for the removal of tetracyclines which have not been critically reviewed in the literature. This study provides an overview of recent progress of classification, synthesis, characterizations, mechanism of inorganic and metal organic framework nanocatalytic assemblies on photocatalysis of tetracyclines in aquatic medium. Additionally, kinetics and factors affecting the photocatalysis of tetracyclines have been discussed briefly. Future perspectives have also been presented for further advancement in this area.
Research on an optimization design method for a TBCC propulsion scheme
Authors: Wu Pinxin , Song Wenyan , Zhang Dongqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An optimization methodology for a TBCC propulsion schemes was established for hypersonic vehicles, focusing on the integration of aircraft and engine performance. Altitude-velocity characteristics of TBCC propulsion were obtained through engine performance calculations. By analyzing mission requirements, lift-drag characteristics, and flight constraints, the take-off thrust-weight ratio and wing load of the vehicle were optimized to meet the flight conditions. In addition, the fuel ratio was calculated. To determine the vehicle’s gross take-off weight and the engine’s take-off thrust, a model considering the weight of the vehicle and the turbine engine were used. The optimization process selects four thermodynamic cycle parameters for the turbine engine as the independent variables. An improved particle swarm optimization-back propagation neural network was used to establish the relationship between the four parameters and the gross take-off weight, aiming to minimize the vehicle’s weight. The results of the optimization process show that the total take-off weight of the optimized vehicle has decreased from 112363.41 kg to 102218.98 kg. The required uninstalled take-off thrust of TBCC has also been reduced from 162.86 kN to 147.49 kN, resulting in a decrease in mass flow from 156.50 kg/s to 133.30 kg/s.
Design and analysis of air intake of subsonic cruise vehicle with experimental validation
Authors: T. V. Yogesh , Nidamarty Laasya Priya , S. V. Ramanamurthy , Panigrahi S. K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A Subsonic Cruise Vehicle (SCV) is designed with a Submerged Air intake with appreciable total pressure recovery along with acceptable distortion levels. A steady, 3D, density based, one equation turbulence model in congregation with Navier Stokes is used to simulate the flow field in commercial CFD code. In the initial iteration of the intake, the numerical simulation pointed towards a large scope in the improvement of the geometry. Subsequently, the design changes have been successfully incorporated and analyzed. The performance of these modified intakes was evaluated by measuring distortion coefficient and total pressure recovery. An experimental validation case has been demonstrated in a subsonic wind tunnel, which proves the close match with the CFD prediction. The comparison between the performances of the intakes has been made. The redesigned submerged air intake is flown successfully with SCV at all flight conditions within the acceptable distortion limits.
The effects of heating and acidulation on the properties and stability of plant seed protein emulsion gels
Authors: Yılmaz E. , Keskin Uslu E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to prepare water-in-oil-type gelled protein emulsions. Sorghum, chickpea, and barley proteins were extracted from the seed flours with an alkaline procedure, and 2% protein solutions were used as an aqueous phase with Span 20 emulsifier to create sunflower oil emulsion gels. Prepared gels were analysed for main physicochemical properties, polymorphism, and rheology. Results showed that stable emulsion gels were creamy-greenish in colour and had mechanical stability. They included β and β′ type fat crystals. Rheological analyses indicated that they were soft-gel-like preparates, having certain levels of structural recovery ability after shear. These emulsion gels could be spreadable-fat-like products or shortening alternatives in processed foods. They might provide an extra advantage due to plant protein content. Food application studies are anticipated in future studies.