bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Soft Versus Bony Canal Wall Reconstruction with Mastoid Obliteration
Authors: Vesole Adam Samuel , Doyle Edward J. , Sarkovics Katelyn , Gharib Michael , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
To compare recidivism rates, audiometric outcomes, and postoperative complication rates between soft-wall canal wall reconstruction (S-CWR) versus bony-wall CWR (B-CWR) with mastoid obliteration (MO) in patients with cholesteatoma.

Study Design
Retrospective chart review.

Setting
Tertiary neurotologic referral center.

Patients
Ninety patients aged ≥18 years old who underwent CWR with MO, either S-CWR or B-CWR, for cholesteatoma with one surgeon from January 2011 to January 2022. Patients were followed postoperatively for at least 12 months with or without second-look ossiculoplasty.

Intervention(s)
Tympanomastoidectomy with CWR (soft vs. bony material) and mastoid obliteration.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Recidivism rates; conversion rate to CWD; pre- versus postoperative pure tone averages, speech reception thresholds, word recognition scores, and air-bone gaps; postoperative complication rates.

Results
Middle ear and mastoid cholesteatoma recidivism rates were not significantly different between B-CWR (17.3%) and S-CWR (18.4%, p = 0.71). There was no significant difference in pre- versus postoperative change in ABG (B-CWR, −2.1 dB; S-CWR, +1.6 dB; p = 0.91) nor in the proportion of postoperative ABGs <20 dB (B-CWR, 41.3%; S-CWR, 30.7%; p = 0.42) between B-CWR and S-CWR. Further, there were no significant differences in complication rates between B-CWR and S-CWR other than increased minor TM perforations/retractions in B-CWR (63% vs. 40%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Analysis of recidivism rates, audiometric outcomes and postoperative complications between B-CWR with MO versus S-CWR with MO revealed no significant difference. Both approaches are as effective in eradicating cholesteatoma while preserving relatively normal EAC anatomy and hearing. Surgeon preference and technical skill level may guide the surgeon’s choice in approach.
Soft Skills
Authors: Bundy Henry , Sunkara Padageshwar , Sitammagari Kranthi , Hetherington Tim , Hole Colleen , Murphy Stephanie 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of soft skills in the work of Hospital at Home (HaH) nurse navigators.

BACKGROUND
In HaH programs that employ them, nurse navigators are often responsible for identifying, assessing, referring, and educating potential HaH patients. The experiences of these navigators have gone understudied.

METHODS
Researchers conducted semistructured interviews and observations with nurse navigators (n = 7) who collectively cover 14 North Carolina–based HaH sites. Navigators were asked to keep diaries of responses to directed questions.

RESULTS
In their capacity as navigators, interviewees said they served several roles: intermediaries between hospital and HaH staff, interpreters of clinical knowledge for patients, and champions of, and educators for, the home-based program. The navigators noted that the interpersonal soft skills of building rapport, clear communication, and gentle persuasion were of the utmost importance in this work.

CONCLUSIONS
The job descriptions of nurse navigators in HaH programs should fully reflect the breadth of their responsibilities, including time performing soft skilled labor. Also, training for these roles should include techniques to develop and refine these skills.
Persistence of analgesic usage and opioid consumption in sarcopenic patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Yitian , Chen Wan-Ming , Wu Szu-Yuan , Zhang Jiaqiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study investigates the association between chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and long-term postsurgical analgesic usage in patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia, with a specific focus on the presence or absence of sarcopenia.

Objectives:
To assess the rate of analgesic prescription, including opioids, at 3 and 6 months postsurgery for patients with and without preoperative sarcopenia, and to determine the impact of sarcopenia on analgesic use after neuraxial anesthesia surgery.

Methods:
Patients undergoing surgery under neuraxial anesthesia were categorized into sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic groups based on preoperative diagnosis using the ICD-10-CM code M62.84. Propensity score matching in a 1:4 ratio was applied for group matching. Analgesic prescription rates were evaluated at 3 and 6 months postsurgery, and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze analgesic use, comparing patients with and without preoperative sarcopenia.

Results:
Among 3805 surgical patients, 761 had sarcopenia, while 3044 did not. At 3 months postsurgery, 62.3% of sarcopenic patients received analgesics, with 2.9% receiving opioids, compared to 57.1% of nonsarcopenic patients receiving analgesics and 0.8% receiving opioids. At 6 months postsurgery, 30.8% of sarcopenic patients received analgesics (1.7% opioids), while 26.3% of non-sarcopenic patients received analgesics (0.3% opioids). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative sarcopenia was significantly associated with higher analgesic prescription rates at both 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.53) and 6 months (aOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.07–1.42) postsurgery. Furthermore, sarcopenic patients exhibited significantly higher opioid prescription rates at 3 months (aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05–2.45) and 6 months (aOR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.12–4.96) postsurgery.

Conclusion:
Sarcopenia emerges as an independent risk factor for prolonged analgesic use after neuraxial anesthesia surgery and significantly elevates the risk of developing CPSP.
Chronic widespread pain and cause of death: a 25-year follow-up study
Authors: Dahlqvist Annika Janina , Andersson Maria , Bergman Stefan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic widespread pain (CWP) has been suggested as a risk factor for mortality in cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. Different definition of CWP makes it difficult to compare previous studies.

Objectives:
The aim was to study whether mortality and certain causes of death were increased among people with CWP and whether the definition of CWP influenced outcome.

Methods:
This 25-year follow-up study included 2425 people from the general population, at baseline divided into 3 pain groups: CWP, chronic regional pain, and no chronic pain (NCP). Chronic widespread pain was defined according to the ACR1990 (CWPACR1990) and the more stringent WP2019 (CWPWP2019) criteria. Causes of death were derived from official national register. Mortality, adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and smoking habits were analyzed with Cox regression.

Results:
Overall mortality was not higher in people with CWPACR1990 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.08, P = 0.484) compared with NCP but significantly higher when using CWPWP2019 (HR 1.32, P = 0.033). People with CWPWP2019 had a higher mortality in diseases of the circulatory system (HR 1.32, P = 0.033) but not for neoplastic diseases. CWPACR1990 showed an increased mortality in malignancies of digestive organs. An increased mortality in influenza, pneumonia, acute kidney failure, and chronic kidney disease was observed for the CWPWP2019 definition.

Conclusion:
The more stringent WP2019 definition of CWP showed an excess risk for death, especially within diseases of the circulatory system. The results suggest that WP2019 defines a more vulnerable group in the population. Chronic widespread pain should be acknowledged in the clinic as a risk factor for increased mortality.
Codeveloping theories of change for improved community-based violence intervention evaluation
Authors: Schleimer Julia P. , Lyons Vivian H. , Smith Dominique , Ali Fatima , Averett Latasha , Baugh Marcel , Benson Lina R. , Colon Jacques , Cook Jaclyn , Davis Dominique , Diandy Marie , Fox Aaron , Gonzalez Elaine , Johnson Aaron , Lowe Alvin Boomer , Marshall Marvin , Maryman Bridgette , McLaurin Vicky , Nehra Deepika , Orozco Alfredo , Palmer Katoya , Serrano Rafael , Shrader Zoe , Thurston Carolyn , Watlington Erin , Waszkewitz Laura , Westlake Emily , Jones Kristian , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Community-based violence intervention (CVI) programs are considered important strategies for preventing community violence and promoting health and safety. Mixed and inconclusive results from some prior CVI evaluations, as well as our general lack of understanding about the reasons for such varied findings, may be explained in part by misalignment of program theories of change and evaluation measures. Furthermore, most prior evaluations have focused solely on deficit-based outcomes; this narrow focus is inconsistent with the premise of CVI and may fail to capture improvements in health and well-being that are on the hypothesized pathway from intervention to violence reduction.

METHODS
This article describes the process and results of codeveloping a theory of change for community-based youth firearm violence intervention and prevention programs in Washington state through a community-researcher partnership. We followed a multistep iterative process, involving (1) CVI program documentation review, (2) individual meetings, and (3) a day-long workshop.

RESULTS
The theory of change included six key domains: (1) root causes, (2) promotive factors, (3) activities, (4) intermediate outcomes, (5) longer-term outcomes, and (6) multilevel context (youth/family, staff/organizational, community, and societal). Root causes were social and structural drivers of community violence. Promotive factors were assets and resources among the community, youth/their families, and community organizations that promote health and safety. Activities were supports and services the program provided to youth and their families, staff, and, potentially, the broader community. Intermediate and longer-term outcomes were the changes among youth, their families, staff, and the community that resulted from program activities. Intermediate outcomes may be felt within 6 months to 1 year, and longer-term outcomes may be felt after 1 to 2 years and beyond.

CONCLUSION
The theory of change we codeveloped provides a common lens to conceptualize, compare, and evaluate CVI programs in Washington state and may support more rigorous and equity-centered evaluations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic Test/Criteria; Level V.
Overcoming Barriers: Sex Disparity in Surgeon Ergonomics
Authors: Jacovides Christina L , Guetter Camila R , Crandall Marie , McGuire Kandace , Slama Eliza M , Plotkin Anastasia , Kashyap Meghana V , Lal Geeta , Henry Marion C ,   for the Association of Women Surgeons Publications Committee
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Musculoskeletal discomfort is widely experienced by surgeons across multiple surgical specialties. Developing technologies and new minimally invasive techniques add further complexity and ergonomic stressors. These stressors differentially affect male and female surgeons, but little is known about the role these sex disparities play in surgical ergonomic stress. We reviewed existing literature to better understand how ergonomic stress varies between male and female surgeons.

STUDY DESIGN:
A literature search was performed via PubMed including but not limited to the following topics: ergonomics, surgeons, female surgeons, women surgeons, pregnancy, and operating room. A review of available quantitative data was performed.

RESULTS:
Female surgeons endure more pronounced ergonomic discomfort than their male counterparts, with added ergonomic stress associated with pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS:
A 4-fold method is proposed to overcome ergonomic barriers, including (1) improved education on prevention and treatment of ergonomic injury for active surgeons and trainees, (2) increased departmental and institutional support for ergonomic solutions for surgeons, (3) partnerships with industry to study innovative ergonomic solutions, and (4) additional research on the nature of surgical ergonomic challenges and the differential effects of surgical ergonomics on female surgeons.
A lifetime of mental health treatments for people with schizophrenia: update and narrative review
Authors: DeLisi Lynn E. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
To provide a summary of the most up-to-date thoughts about treatment for schizophrenia at different stages of illness.

Recent findings
The use of Coordinated Specialty Care clinics has arisen as the standard for early on in the treatment of psychosis, providing the notion that recovery is possible. New medications that do not depend on postsynaptic dopamine receptor blockade are soon becoming available.

Summary
A focus should be made by clinicians to personalize treatment plans for each patient who has the possibility of being diagnosed with a primary psychosis and the plan should be to predict outcomes based on biological markers that include genetic vulnerability, early psychosocial combined with pharmacological treatments as needed and then a plan to determine or maintain treatments going forward into the future. It is important to individualize treatment by stage of illness, as well as characteristics of the individual patient. Research is ongoing to advance knowledge for interventions at each stage from the premorbid period through to chronicity.
Decoding Continuous Character-based Language from Non-invasive Brain Recordings
Authors: Zhang Cenyuan , Zheng Xiaoqing , Yin Ruicheng , Geng Shujie , Xu Jianhan , Gao Xuan , Lv Changze , Ling Zixuan , Huang Xuanjing , Cao Miao , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeciphering natural language from brain activity through non-invasive devices remains a formidable challenge. Previous non-invasive decoders either require multiple experiments with identical stimuli to pinpoint cortical regions and enhance signal-to-noise ratios in brain activity, or they are limited to discerning basic linguistic elements such as letters and words. We propose a novel approach to decoding continuous language from single-trial non-invasive fMRI recordings, in which a three-dimensional convolutional network augmented with information bottleneck is developed to automatically identify responsive voxels to stimuli, and a character-based decoder is designed for the semantic reconstruction of continuous language characterized by inherent character structures. The resulting decoder can produce intelligible textual sequences that faithfully capture the meaning of perceived speech both within and across subjects, while existing decoders exhibit significantly inferior performance in cross-subject contexts. The ability to decode continuous language from single trials across subjects demonstrates the promising applications of non-invasive language brain-computer interfaces in both healthcare and neuroscience.
CADTAD: CAncer Driver Topologically Associated Domains identify oncogenic and tumor suppressive lncRNAs
Authors: Rao Ziyan , Zhang Min , Huang Shaodong , Wu Chenyang , Zhou Yuheng , Zhang Weijie , Lin Xia , Zhao Dongyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCancer lncRNAs have been identified by both experimental and in silico methods. However, the current approaches for mining cancer lncRNAs are not sufficient and accurate. To deeply discover them, we focus on the core cancer driver lncRNAs (CDLs) which directly interact with cancer driver protein-coding genes. We investigated various aspects of cancer-related lncRNAs (CRLs), including their genomic locations, expression patterns, and their direct interactions with cancer driver protein-coding genes. We found that most CRLs located in cancer driver topologically associated domains (CDTs). Moreover, some CRLs showed a high tendency for co-expression and binding sites with cancer driver protein-coding genes. Utilizing these distinctive characteristics and integrating >4000 multi-omics data, we developed a pipeline CADTAD to unearth conserved candidate CDLs in pan-cancer, including 256 oncogenic lncRNAs, 177 tumor suppressive lncRNAs, and 75 dual-function lncRNAs, as well as some specific candidate CDLs in three individual cancer types and validated their cancer-related characteristics. Importantly, the function of 10 putative CDLs in prostate cancer was subsequently validated through cell studies. In light of these findings, our study offers a new perspective from the 3D genome to study the roles of lncRNAs in cancer. Furthermore, we provide a valuable set of potential lncRNAs that could deepen our understanding of the oncogenic mechanism of CDLs.
Sub-clinical glutamate receptor antagonist combinations prevent progressive demyelination
Authors: Mitchener Verity F. , Bulman Chris , Mellor Alexander , Bhatt Nishita , Alghamdi Badrah Saeed , Nash Jackie , Proctor Rhianon , Smith Nancy , Newman Abbie , Nwabiakam Victoria , Stone Gideon , Morgan Daniel , Woznica Waldemar , Harper Glenn , Valentino Mario , Pérez-Samartín Alberto , Perez-Cerdá Fernando , Matute Carlos , Fern Robert 
Published: March 2024

SummaryMultiple sclerosis (MS) affects almost 3 million people globally who suffer demyelination as a series of relapses and remissions that tend towards progressive deterioration over time. The proximate cause is auto-immune attack by the adaptive immune system; therapies directed against this are effective during the relapsing-remitting phase but are less effective or ineffective during progression where other injury mechanisms may be significant. LPS- and cuprizone-induced experimental demyelination share features of progressive demyelination in MS but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We show here that these demyelination models can be reproducedex vivousing short protocols, revealing that combined antagonism of two types of glutamate receptor, NMDA and AMPA, using clinically approved antagonists at sub-clinical doses, can protect against these forms of demyelination. Combined low dose therapy was subsequently shown to be effectivein vivoagainst dietary cuprizone and experimental autoimmune-encephalomyelitis (EAE) models of demyelination and, in particular, protected the smaller myelinated axons that are the main substrate of the function loss in progressive MS.
Differential seasonal effects of ephemeral legumes in response to moisture-nitrogen coupling in the deserts of northwestern China
Authors: Xiao Yuxin , Song Boyi , Li Jinqiu , Galip Nargiza , Yang Ao , Zhang Xinyu , Zhuang Weiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesert ecosystems are ecosystems limited by both nitrogen and moisture, while legumes, as an important source of nitrogen in desert ecosystems, are extremely sensitive to respond to moisture and nitrogen changes. In order to reveal the growth and physiological metabolic processes of desert legumes in response to moisture and nitrogen changes. In this study, two dominant ephemeral legumes,Trigonella arcuataC. A. Mey. andAstragalus arpilobusKar. & Kir. were selected from the Gurbantunggut Desert through a controlled experiment in greenhouse pots: four moisture treatment levels were established: W1(soil moisture content of 5 %), W2(soil moisture content of 7 %), W3( 9 % soil moisture content), W4(11 % soil moisture content) and three N treatment levels: N1(0 mmol/L15NH415NO3), N2(18 mmol/L15NH415NO3), N3(72 mmol/L15NH415NO3), and we conducted a15N tracking experiment for the pot treatments throughout the growing season. The results showed that: (1) moisture and nitrogen treatments had similar patterns on above-ground and below-ground as well as total fresh weight, plant height and basal diameter, Chla, Chlb and Chla+b of the two legumes, all of which were greatest in the W3N3 treatment and smallest in the W4N1 treatment, but the growth characteristics and chlorophyll parameters had cumulative differences over the growing season. (2) When subjected to severe moisture and nitrogen stresses, the 2 plants would increase the physiological levels of stress tolerance in vivo to enhance cellular resistance, with the osmoregulatory substance content being the most sensitive in response to moisture, and the cell membrane and antioxidant enzyme systems being the most sensitive in response to nitrogen stress. (3) The adaptive characteristics of physiological metabolic processes in plants to seasonal changes, in which growth characteristics, cell membrane and antioxidant enzyme content accumulation showed: rapid growth period < maximum biomass period, while chlorophyll content and osmoregulatory substance content accumulation content accumulation showed: rapid growth period > maximum biomass period. In general, drought can hinder nitrogen uptake and transport, while sufficient moisture can accelerate the nutrient metabolism process of plants, and there is a nutrient dilution effect once the moisture is in excess, but in the nitrogen starvation state, the moisture factor has almost no effect on plants, therefore, the moisture-nitrogen coupling effect is more reflective of the physiological response characteristics of the plants when they encountered the adversity stress, and the degree of accumulation is different in different growing seasons, and the plants in the The differences in different growing seasons reflect the changes in photosynthetic intensity and energy demand.
Inflammasome-Inhibiting Nanoligomers are Neuroprotective Against Space-Induced Pathology in Healthy and Diseased 3D Human Motor and Pre-Frontal Cortex Brain Organoids
Authors: Sharma Sadhana , Gilberto Vincenzo S. , Rask Jon , Chatterjee Anushree , Nagpal Prashant 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTMicrogravity and space environment has been linked to deficits in neuromuscular and cognitive capabilities, hypothesized to occur due to accelerated aging and neurodegeneration in space. While the specific mechanisms are still being investigated, spaceflight-associated neuropathology is an important health risk to space astronauts and tourists, and is being actively investigated for the development of appropriate countermeasures. However, such space-induced neuropathology offers an opportunity for accelerated screening of therapeutic targets and lead molecules for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show, a proof-of-concept high-throughput target screening (on Earth), target validation, and mitigation of microgravity-induced neuropathology using our Nanoligomer™ platform, onboard the 43-day SpaceX CRS-29 mission to the International Space Station (ISS). First, comparing 3D healthy and diseased pre-frontal cortex (PFC, for cognition) and motor neuron (MN, for neuromuscular function) organoids, we assessed space-induced pathology using biomarkers relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Both healthy and diseased PFC and MN organoids showed significantly enhanced neurodegeneration in space, as measured through relevant disease biomarkers, when compared to their respective Earth controls. Second, we tested the top two lead molecules, NI112 which targeted NF-κB, and NI113 that targeted IL-6. We observed that these Nanoligomers significantly mitigate the AD, FTD, and ALS relevant biomarkers like amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated Tau (pTau), Kallikrein (KLK-6), Tar DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and others. Moreover, the 43-day Nanoligomer treatment of these brain organoids did not appear to cause any observable toxicity or safety issues in the target organoid tissue, suggesting good tolerability for these molecules in the brain at physiologically relevant doses. Together, these results show significant potential for both the development and translation of NI112 and NI113 molecules as potential neuroprotective countermeasures for safer space travel, and demonstrate the usefulness of the space environment for rapid, high-throughput screening of targets and lead molecules for clinical translation. We assert that the use of microgravity in drug development and screening may ultimately benefit millions of patients suffering from debilitating neurodegenerative diseases on Earth.