bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of autologous cytotoxic CD4+ T clones in a human model of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin follicular lymphoma
Authors: Mi Jian‐Qing , Manches Olivier , Wang Jin , Perron Pascal , Weisbuch Sébastien , Marche Patrice N. , Renversez Jean‐Charles , Bensa Jean‐Claude , Sotto Jean‐Jacques , Cahn Jean‐Yves , Leroux Dominique , Bonnefoix Thierry 
Published: September 2006

SummaryImmunotherapy for cancer aims to generate cytotoxic cells that are capable of eradicating tumour cells. It has been well demonstrated that helper, non‐cytotoxic CD4+ T cells are important for the induction and maintenance of anti‐tumour immunity exerted by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. In contrast, the existence of direct anti‐tumour, effector cytotoxic CD4+ T cells remains elusive, mainly due to the paucity of reliable experimental data, especially in human B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. This study developed an appropriate, autologous follicular B‐cell non‐Hodgkin follicular lymphoma model, including the in vitro establishment of a malignant, human leucocyte antigen class I (HLA‐I) deficient B‐cell line, and the generation of three autologous anti‐tumour cytotoxic CD4+ T‐cell clones originating from the peripheral blood of the same patient. These three clones were considered as tumour specific, because they were capable of killing the malignant, HLA‐I‐deficient B‐cell line through a classical HLA‐II restricted perforin‐mediated pathway, but did not lyse the Epstein–Barr virus‐infected autologous normal B lymphocytes. All three CD4+clones were T‐cell receptor Vβ17‐Dβ1‐Jβ1·2 and exhibited an identical complementarity‐determining region 3, suggesting the immunodominance of a single peptide antigen presented by tumour cells. Such lymphoma models would provide a useful tool for in vivo expansion and the adoptive transfer of selected CD4+ cytotoxic cells in immunotherapeutic strategies.
Effects of elevated pCO2 on epilithic and endolithic metabolism of reef carbonates
Authors: ALINE TRIBOLLET , ATKINSON M. J. , CHRISTOPHER LANGDON 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe investigated effects of elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on the metabolism of epilithic and endolithic phototrophic communities that colonized experimental coral blocks. Blocks of the massive coral Porites lobata were exposed to colonization by epilithic and endolithic organisms at an oceanic site in Kaneohe Bay (Hawaii) for 6 months, and then were transported to laboratory tanks. A bubbling system was used to maintain two treatments for 3 months, one at ambient pCO2 (400 ppm) and the second at elevated pCO2 (750 ppm). Net photosynthetic rates of epilithic communities in the high pCO2 treatment, dominated by encrusting coralline algae, decreased by 35% while respiration rates remained constant. In contrast, metabolism of endolithic phototrophs, comprised of cyanobacteria and algae, was not significantly affected by the elevated pCO2 even though endoliths contributed about 63% to block production.
Paediatric intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinoma mimicking a bone lesion
Authors: MORAES PAULO , PEREIRA CLAUDIO , ALMEIDA OSLEI , PEREZ DANYEL , CORREA MARIA ELVIRA , ALVES FABIO 
Published: September 2006

Background.  Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands occurs most frequently in adults during the fifth and sixth decades of life. Although uncommon, it is the main malignant salivary gland tumour in children, particularly adolescents.Case report.  A 14‐year‐old girl presented with a mass in her palate that had had a duration of one year. On panoramic X‐ray, a well‐delimited radiolucent area was observed on the left maxillary sinus region. The initial clinical diagnostic hypothesis was that this was a central giant cell granuloma. An incisional biopsy was performed and the final microscopic diagnosis was mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The tumour was removed by a wide transoral resection and the patient has been asymptomatic for 4 years.Conclusion.  Mucoepidermoid carcinoma in paediatric patients is uncommon, but it must be considered in differential diagnoses of intraoral submucosal mass/nodules in children, particularly in the palate.
Plasmacytoid myoepithelioma of the palate in a child
Authors: PEREZ DANYEL ELIAS da CRUZ , LOPES MÁRCIO AJUDARTE , ALMEIDA OSLEI PAES de , JORGE JACKS , KOWALSKI LUIZ PAULO 
Published: September 2006

Background.  Myoepithelioma is a rare benign salivary gland tumour, localized most frequently in the parotid and in minor intraoral salivary glands. There have been only four cases of myoepithelioma in children and adolescents reported in the English‐language literature, all of them involving the plasmacytoid variant.Case Report.  A 13‐year‐old boy, complained of a painless nodule of the palate. Incisional biopsy was performed and revealed large plasmacytoid cells with a round and eccentric nuclei. The diagnosis was consistent with myoepithelioma, plasmocytoid variant. Tumour cells were positive for cytokeratins, vimentin and S‐100 protein. Surgical resection was performed and no evidences of tumour recurrence were observed after 6 years of the treatment.Conclusion.  Myoepithelioma is a very rare tumour in children and apparently presents a good prognosis, similar to occur in adult patients.
A community model of group therapy for the older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study
Authors: Woo Jean , Chan Wayne , Yeung Fai , Chan Wai M. , Hui Elsie , Lum Christopher M. , Or Kevin H. , Hui David S. C. , Lee Diana T. F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective  A community‐based programme for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in group sessions is designed, and the feasibility, acceptability and physical and psychosocial outcomes evaluated.Methods  Patients with COPD discharged from hospital, or those attending specialist outpatient clinic, with a history of hospital admission owing to COPD in the preceding 12 months were recruited. Those who had malignancy or were housebound were excluded. Group sessions were arranged once a week in a Community Centre, and consisted of two hourly sessions. The components of each session consist of education regarding the disease, breathing techniques, use of oxygen and other medication, smoking cessation, nutrition, dyspnoea management skills, relaxation and energy conservation techniques, introduction of social and community support, and strengthening as well as aerobic exercises. Assessments before and after intervention include lung function, 6 minutes walk test (6MWT), general Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and a COPD knowledge Questionnaire. A programme evaluation was carried out using questionnaire and group discussions.Results  Forty‐four subjects were recruited, with 75% completing the programme, and 20% with drawing for unavoidable reasons. Statistically significant improvement was noted in all domains of the GHQ, SGRQ, and knowledge test, while the mean 6MWT improved, although statistical significance was not reached. Subjects were enthusiastic about the provision of this service in helping them cope with the disease through empowerment and mutual support.Conclusion  A group community intervention programme for COPD patients is feasible and acceptable, with positive psychosocial outcomes. Such a model could be further developed and cost‐effectiveness evaluated as a model of chronic disease management in the community.
Measuring physiotherapists’ guideline adherence by means of clinical vignettes: a validation study
Authors: Rutten Geert M.J. , Harting Janneke , Rutten Stephen T.J. , Bekkering Geertruida E. , Kremers Stef P.J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRationale, aims and objectives  To assess the criterion validity of paper‐and‐pencil vignettes to assess guideline adherence by physiotherapists in the Netherlands. The evidence‐based physiotherapy practice guideline for low back pain was used as an example.Methods  Four vignettes were constructed and pre‐tested. Three vignettes were found to represent an adequate case‐mix. They described one patient with specific low back pain, one with non‐specific low back pain and a normal recovery process and one with non‐specific low back pain and a delay in the recovery process. Invited to participate were 113 primary care physiotherapists who had joined an randomized controlled trial study 8 months before, in which guideline adherence had been measured by means of semi‐structured treatment recording forms. The criterion validity was determined with Spearman’s rs, using Cohen’s classification for the behavioural sciences to categorize its effect size.Results  Of the 72 physiotherapists who agreed to participate, 39 completed the questions on the vignettes. In the end, both adherence measures were available for 34 participants, providing 102 vignettes and 268 recording forms. Mean guideline adherence scores were 57% (SD = 17) when measured by vignettes and 74% (SD = 15) when measured by recording forms. Spearman’s rs was 0.31 (P = 0.036), which, according to Cohen’s classification, is a medium effect size.Conclusion  Vignettes are of acceptable validity, and are an inexpensive and manageable instrument to measure guideline adherence among large groups of physiotherapists. Further validation studies could benefit from the use of standardized patients as a gold standard, a more diverse case mix to better reflect real physiotherapy practice, and the inclusion of longitudinal vignettes that cover the patients’ course of treatment.
Rapid assessment of severe cognitive impairment in individuals with developmental disabilities
Authors: Walsh D. M. , Finwall J. , Touchette P. E. , McGregor M. R. , Fernandez G. E. , Lott I. T. , Sandman C. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground  Most standardized intelligence tests require more than 1 hour for administration, which is problematic when evaluating individuals with intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities (IDDD), because a significant proportion of these individuals can not tolerate lengthy evaluations. Furthermore, most standardized intelligence tests are of limited usefulness for individuals with severe cognitive deficits because of floor effects.Methods  A number of low‐difficulty items were selected from standardized tests. A total of 271 participants with profound, severe, moderate and mild levels of cognitive impairment took part in this study. In the formative phase, 68 participants were evaluated with the selected items, and those items that differentiated between levels of cognitive impairment were retained in the battery. The instrument was then modified and standardized with an additional 203 participants.Results  The instrument, referred to as the Rapid Assessment for Developmental Disabilities (RADD), required 10–25 min for administration. Internal reliability estimates from the RADD total score and from individual subtests satisfied conventional and rigorous statistical criteria (median alpha r = 0.93). The RADD total score was strongly correlated with the level of cognitive impairment (rho = 0.86). The RADD total score and individual subtests differentiated between all levels of cognitive impairment ( Wilks Λ = 0.135, F42,525.832 = 12.075, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the instrument was particularly sensitive to the cognitive abilities of the most seriously impaired participants.Conclusions  The RADD, composed of low‐difficulty items from published tests, is rapidly administered, assesses a wide range of cognitive skills and differentiates among all levels of cognitive impairment. The battery has clinical utility with populations exhibiting short attention spans because of its ability to quickly assess a wide range of cognitive abilities. The RADD also has research potential for the documentation of cognitive function in studies of individuals with IDDD.
Temperament in velocardiofacial syndrome
Authors: Antshel K. M. , Stallone K. , AbdulSabur N. , Shprintzen R. , Roizen N. , Higgins A. M. , Kates W. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground  Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is a microdeletion syndrome caused by a 22q11.2 chromosomal deletion.Methods  In this study, parents reported on their own temperament as well as the temperament of their child. Sixty‐seven children with VCFS (mean age = 10.8, SD = 2.8; range 6–15), and age‐, race‐ and gender‐ratio matched samples of 47 community control participants (mean age = 10.4, SD = 2.6; range 6–15), and 18 sibling control participants (mean age = 12.1, SD = 1.9; range 9–15) took part in the current project.Results  Children with VCFS have a temperament that may best be described as modestly difficult; while participants with VCFS were not more difficult across all temperamental domains, children with VCFS were rated by their parents as being: (1) less regular in their daily habits (e.g. eating at the same time each day, etc.); (2) less able to focus/sustain attention; (3) less cheerful/pleasant; (4) less likely to stay with an activity for a long time; and (5) less able to respond flexibly to changes in the environment.Conclusions  The best predictors of parent report of behavioural symptoms in children with VCFS were poor concordance between parent and child temperament across general activity level and mood domains.
An evaluation of Beck’s cognitive theory of depression in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Esbensen A. J. , Benson B. A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground  The theories supporting cognitive treatment for depression among individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have not been formally tested with this population. The current study evaluated Beck’s cognitive theory of depression to determine its appropriateness for adults with ID.Methods  Forty‐eight adults with primarily mild or moderate ID participated in semi‐structured interviews, twice approximately 16 weeks apart, as did an additional 12 adults diagnosed with depression. Participants reported on depressed mood, the cognitive triad, as measured by views of the self, the world and the future, hopelessness and self‐esteem.Results  The Cognitive Triad Inventory for Children (CTI‐C) displayed adequate psychometric properties in this sample. In addition, it was correlated with depressed mood, and individuals diagnosed with depression had significantly higher scores on the CTI‐C than those with no psychiatric diagnoses. Contrary to hypotheses, a negative cognitive triad did not predict depressed mood 4 months later, but the inverse relationship where depressed mood predicted a later negative cognitive triad approached statistical significance.Conclusions  The findings indicate that the cognitive triad can be measured among individuals with mild or moderate ID and is related to depression and depressed mood. However, the role of the cognitive triad in the development of depression is still unknown. The findings provide some support for Beck’s cognitive theory of depression among individuals with ID and provide suggestions for further testing the theory. Implications for the treatment of depression among individuals with ID are discussed.
Evaluation of the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale for diagnosis of anaemia in children and pregnant women as used by primary health care nurses and community health workers in western Kenya
Authors: Lindblade Kim A. , Mwololo Kumbu , Van Eijk Anna M. , Peterson Elizabeth , Odhiambo Frank , Williamson John , Slutsker Laurence 
Published: September 2006

SummaryObjectives  To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the WHO Haemoglobin Colour Scale (HCS) for anaemia in three groups of children aged 2 months to 2 years (sick children, those visiting an immunization clinic and a community‐based random sample of children) and a sample of pregnant women.Methods  Finger‐prick blood samples were taken from all consenting participants. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels from the HCS were compared with results from a HemoCueTM portable haemoglobinometer. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for the HCS were calculated.Results  A total of 457 sick children, 336 children visiting immunization clinics, 454 children from the community at large and 643 pregnant women participated. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl) in these groups was 87%, 79%, 74% and 52%, respectively. The prevalence of severe anaemia (Hb < 7 g/dl) was 24%, 11%, 10% and 2%, respectively. The sensitivity of the HCS for anaemia ranged from 60% to 79% and specificity from 59% to 94%. The sensitivity of the HCS for severe anaemia ranged from 24% to 63% and the specificity from 97% to 100%. Through use of the HCS, the proportion of sick, anaemic children visiting peripheral health facilities diagnosed and treated for anaemia would increase from 3% to 65%.Conclusions  In an area with high prevalence of anaemia among sick children, use of the HCS has the potential to significantly increase the proportion of sick, anaemic children who are diagnosed with anaemia and given appropriate treatment. Further evaluations of the effect of the use of the HCS on treatment practices at the health facility level are required.
Post‐Strike Behavior of Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) During Natural Predation Events
Authors: Clark Rulon W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe complexity of natural environments is an important component of animal behavior, and laboratory environments often cannot reproduce that complexity. Strike‐induced chemosensory searching (SICS) is a robust phenomenon among venomous snakes that has been studied extensively in the laboratory. To date, observations of this behavior in the field have been limited largely to anecdotes; the extent to which post‐strike behaviors in the laboratory accurately reflect what occurs in nature has not been examined. In this study, I use time‐lapse video equipment in the field to record the predatory behavior of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). This represents the first quantitative analysis of post‐strike predatory behaviors associated with natural feeding events. As in the laboratory, stereotyped post‐strike behaviors were only observed after successful strikes, and not after missed strikes. Snakes in the field were observed to proceed through the same basic behavioral stages that have been documented in the laboratory: striking prey, releasing prey immediately after strike, post‐strike immobility, location of the chemosensory trail, trail following, and prey swallowing. However, the duration of post‐strike immobility, trail location, and prey swallowing was substantially longer in field than in laboratory studies. Additionally, post‐strike immobility was significantly longer when snakes struck large prey (prey over 100 g) than when they struck small prey. Overall, these results indicate that the behavioral challenges associated with SICS may be more robust than laboratory studies have indicated.
Calculation of intraocular lens power after corneal refractive surgery
Authors: Chan Colin CK , Hodge Chris , Lawless Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurpose:  Underestimation of required intraocular lens (IOL) power with resultant hyperopia is common in post‐corneal refractive surgery eyes. A number of methods to minimize error have been proposed but most studies have been small and theoretical.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed 34 eyes that had undergone routine phacoemulsification and IOL implantation after photorefractive keratectomy or laser in situ keratomileusis. Sixteen eyes were included in the final analysis. Using known pre‐ and postoperative data, four methods were used to obtain keratometric values combined with three common IOL formulae (Holladay 2, SRK/T and Hoffer Q) and Koch’s published Double‐K nomogram. The Double‐K method was also used in conjunction with the Holladay 2 formula. Target refractions were calculated and then compared to actual postoperative results.Results:  The Clinical History method at the spectacle plane produced the lowest mean K‐values. Shammas adjustment formula combined with the Holladay 2 and Hoffer Q produced results closest to emmetropia. The Double‐K methods produced the least number of hyperopic results. Overall, all methods would have resulted in unacceptably high rates of hyperopia and deviation from target refraction.Conclusions:  No method produces acceptably consistent results because modern IOL formulae were designed for presurgical eyes. Accuracy will only be improved when new IOL formulae based on the anatomy of postrefractive eyes become available. Shammas adjustment formula and regression formulae are viable alternatives especially when there is a lack of preoperative data. The Double‐K methods are best suited to avoiding a hyperopic surprise.
Immunofluorescence detection of globotriaosylceramide deposits in conjunctival biopsies of Fabry disease patients
Authors: Rozenfeld Paula A , Croxatto Oscar , Ebner Roberto , Fossati Carlos A 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground:  Fabry disease is an X‐linked disorder due to a deficiency of α‐galactosidase A and leads to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in various cells. The detection of Gb3 deposits may help in the diagnosis. To date, no immunofluorescence‐specific detection of Gb3 in conjunctival biopsies has been reported. The aim of this work was to detect Gb3 accumulation in conjunctival biopsies from Fabry patients by immunofluorescence.Methods:  Conjunctival biopsies taken from Fabry males and females, before and after enzyme replacement therapy, and normal controls were processed for immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody specific for Gb3.Results:  Positive green immunofluorescence was observed in all biopsies from Fabry patients before enzyme replacement therapy. After 6 months of treatment, immunofluorescence in blood vessels was not observed.Conclusions:  Immunofluorescence detection of Gb3 in conjunctival biopsies may be a reliable method for the diagnosis of Fabry disease in family members, and to evaluate effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy.
Giant cell arteritis presenting with scalp necrosis – the timing of temporal artery biopsy?
Authors: Morris Olivia C , Paine Mark A , O’Day Justin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractScalp necrosis in patients presenting with clinical features suggestive of giant cell arteritis is rare. The immediate concern is that temporal artery biopsy might further compromise scalp circulation. We report a case of extensive scalp necrosis caused by giant cell arteritis. Temporal artery biopsy performed after 14 days was not associated with any significant damage and still provided florid evidence of the disease. Rapid and complete scalp healing was achieved with aggressive treatment.
Effect of pruning and ground treatments on the populations of Hylobitelus xiaoi Zhang, a new debarking weevil in slash pine plantations
Authors: Wen Xiaosui , Shi Mingqing , Zhu Liubo , Fu Delu 
Published: September 2006

Abstract1 Adults of Hylobilus xiaoi Zhang spend the daylight hours in bark crevices of lower stem or shallow cracks in the soil near the base of the host. Adults are both thermophobic and photophobic.2 Pruning the lower whorls of slash pine branches and removing duff and scraping soil around the tree base modified the adult habitat.3 Both adult and larval abundance was inversely related to intensity of treatment, suggesting that the greater exposure to light or heat, or both, at the tree base, the less favourable was the habitat to the insect.4 It was concluded that branch pruning together with duff removal and ground scarification was the best silvicultural approoach to reduce weevil abundance.