bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF THYROPROTEIN AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL FEED SUPPLEMENTATION ON CALCIUM LEVELS AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN THE PLASMA AND UTERUS OF LAYING HENS
Authors: Snapir N. , Perek M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In both young and old laying hens the protein-bound calcium fraction in blood plasma decreased following feed supplementation of 0.05% thyroprotein, whereas the plasma alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased. The enzyme response was found to be delayed in old as compared to young hens, significantly higher absolute levels being found in the latter. Propylthiouracil treatment caused a marked decrease in protein-bound calcium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in both young and old hens. The uterine calcium levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in the thyroprotein treated birds did not show any significant differences as compared to the controls, except in the group of old hens receiving the highest dose, in which the calcium level was significantly decreased and the enzyme activity significantly increased. Both propylthiouracil treated groups showed a significant decrease in uterine calcium and alkaline phosphatase activity.
EFFECTS OF SURGERY ON PLASMA LEVELS OF CORTISOL, CORTICOSTERONE AND NON-PROTEIN-BOUND-CORTISOL
Authors: Hamanaka Yuji , Manabe Hisao , Tanaka Hideyuki , Monden Yasumasa , Uozumi Tohru , Matsumoto Keishi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The diurnal variation in plasma cortisol, corticosterone and non-protein-bound cortisol was investigated using altogether 991 plasma samples obtained from preoperative chronically ill (control) subjects and patients during and following major surgery. A fluorimetric method using an elution chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 and the equilibrium dialysis method were used for the determinations.
The diurnal variation in plasma cortisol of the preoperative control subjects reached a peak (17.3 μg/100 ml) at 6 a.m. and declined to the lowest level (2.3 μg/100 ml) between 10 p.m. and midnight. The maximum value in the levels of corticosterone (0.6 μg/100 ml) was observed at 6 a.m. Surgery caused a steep rise in plasma cortisol showing a maximum value (30.0 μg/100 ml) 2 to 4 hours after the end of the operation. Although the average of the morning levels of plasma cortisol returned to the control levels within 4 to 5 days, the evening levels returned on the 6th day after the operation. The response of plasma corticosterone in the surgery group was found to parallel the change in plasma cortisol. However, the increase in the corticosterone concentration was significantly higher than that of cortisol.
The percentage of non-protein-bound cortisol in the plasma of the preoperative control subjects was found to be 2.5 to 3.3 per cent at 6 and 8 a.m. and 1.5 per cent at midnight, while the percentage remained almost unchanged (about 2%) at 10 a.m., 12 a.m. and 6 p.m. The percentage increased significantly during and for 4 days following the operation, concomitant with the increase in the levels of plasma cortisol. It is suggested that stressful situations are associated with markedly increased plasma levels of biologically active cortisol.
PLASMA ANGIOTENSIN II AND ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Sundsfjord Johan A. , Aakvaag A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The angiotensin II concentration in the plasma and the urinary aldosterone excretion were measured early in the follicular phase and late in the luteal phase in 9 women with regular menstrual cycles. The plasma angiotensin II in the follicular phase was 1.78 ng/100 ml ± 0.20 (sem) and in the luteal phase 3.12 ng/100 ml ± 0.43 (sem). Values for aldosterone excretion were 10.89 μg/24 h ± 1.43 (sem) and 21.67 μ/24 h ± 2.96 (sem) respectively. Pregnanediol increased from 0.42 mg/24 h ± 0.12 (sem) to 2.0 mg/24 h ± 0.28 (sem) in the same specimens of urine.
It is suggested that the observed changes in concentration and excretion of the hormones are sequentially related as follows: The sodium losing effect of progesterone stimulates renin release, giving an increased plasma angiotensin II, which in turn leads to an augmented aldosterone production.
THE HUMAN PROSTATE IN ANENCEPHALY
Authors: Zondek Lilly H. , Zondek Theodor 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The prostate glands of 8 anencephalic monsters and 36 controls have been examined particularly with regard to metaplastic changes which occur in response to oestrogenic stimulation during pregnancy.
Although oestriol levels in mothers of such monsters have been reported to be low, it was noted that with one exception, these organs showed marked and, in some instances, extreme metaplastic changes, sometimes even surpassing the appearances in normal controls.
In contrast to the above findings there was a diminished proliferation of glands noted in the majority of cases. There was also diminished glandular secretion or no secretion whatsoever.
The significance of these findings has been discussed.
OXIDATIVE AND GLYCOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF EJACULATED RAM SPERMATOZOA IN THE PRESENCE OF STEROID HORMONES
Authors: Murdoch R. N. , White I. G. , Seamark R. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Progesterone*, 20α-OHP, 20β-OHP, androstanedione and testosterone depressed the respiration of washed ram spermatozoa and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. 17β-oestradiol, oestriol, androstenedione, 5β-androstanedione, pregnanedione and pregnanolone reduced respiration without stimulating aerobic glycolysis. Of the steroids tried, none stimulated anaerobic glycolysis. The steroids appeared to act principally on the oxidative phase of spermatozoal metabolism since the oxidation of isotopically labelled glucose, acetate and citric acid cycle intermediates were all depressed when spermatozoa were incubated in the presence of these steroids.
STUDIES ON THE THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE MOUSE
Authors: Melander Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect on thyroid activity of stress and other changes in corticotrophin (ACTH) secretion was studied by blood 131I and plasma protein-bound 131I (PB131I) measurements in 131I-injected NMRI mice. As stress inducers were used ether exposures, intravenous injections of saline, and formaline intraperitoneally.
Each acute stressful treatment was followed by decreased blood 131I and PB131I levels in normal but not in thyroxine-blocked mice, whilst chronic treatment prevented the decrease normally following acute treatment.
Acute stress was also followed by decreased PB131I levels in adrenalectomized and in dexamethasone-pretreated mice, while lysine-vasopressin and dexamethasone as such did not measurably influence PB131I levels. However, the PB131I increase normally following cold exposure was prevented by lysine-vasopressin and augmented by dexamethasone pretreatment.
The following suggestions were made:
Acute stress induced a decrease in thyroid hormone release, due to an inhibition of TSH release. Chronic stress prevented the TSH decrease normally induced by acute stress.
A mere change in ACTH secretion did not by itself necessarily affect TSH secretion, and a TSH decrease was induced by acute stress whether the ACTH secretion level was high or low. However, the TSH increase following cold exposure was inversely related to this level.
A similar, though not generally accepted, view concerning rat thyroid activity is held by other investigators, which argues in favour of similar mechanisms in the mouse and the rat with regard to TSH - ACTH interrelation.
EVALUATION OF A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR DETERMINING SERUM THYROXINE BY COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING ANALYSIS
Authors: Thorson Stephen C. , Tsujikawa Ronald , Brown James L. , Morrison Robert T. , McIntosh Hamish W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum thyroxine concentrations were determined in 66 euthyroid, 30 hyperthyroid and 13 hypothyroid patients using both the established Murphy method and a simplified method of competitive protein binding analysis. A diagnosis compatibility of 96% was found with both methods indicating that the simplified method has comparable clinical application as an initial screen of thyroid status.
MODEL STUDIES IN VITRO WITH LONG-ACTING HORMONAL PREPARATIONS
Authors: van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Since the biological activities of long-acting hormonal preparations, containing steroids or esters of steroids dissolved in arachis oil, depend very much on the rate of absorption from the intramuscular depot, an in vitro model for the latter has been developed.
In this model the solution of the drug in oil is applied to a strip of filter paper and the spot eluted with a stream of hog plasma. Using this model, results were obtained which correlated with the observed rates of resorption in vivo. This demonstrates that the physical process underlying parenteral resorption depends on the distribution of the steroid between oil and plasma.
As far as these esters of steroids are concerned, the steroid moiety of which is the ultimate active component, the hydrolysis of the ester by the esterase of the transporting plasma is another important factor. This has been studied in an in vitro system.
The results obtained with both models proved valuable in understanding the pharmacological properties of a number of anabolic, androgenic and progestational steroids and steroid esters and also in explaining the differences in biological activity between closely related preparations.
EFFECT OF F-6103 ON IMPLANTATION AND EARLY GESTATION IN WOMEN
Authors: Bačić M. , Engström L. , Johannisson E. , Leideman T. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of large doses of F-6103 (bis-/p-acetoxyphenyl/-2-methylcyclohexylidene methane) on implantation and early gestation was studied in clinical experiments.
In the first study, 600 mg of F-6103 were administered daily for 2 to 6 days beginning from 43 to 72 days after the first day of the last menstrual period. Spontaneous abortion, or foetal death occurred in 6 out of 26 women, as compared to 3 out of 24 untreated cases. The difference is statistically not significant.
In the second study 10 women exhibiting a positive pregnancy diagnosis test were treated with 600 mg of F-6103 daily for 7 days beginning from 32 to 48 days after the first day of the last menstrual period. Repeated immunological pregnancy tests were positive in all of them until curettage was performed 18 to 38 days following discontinuation of the treatment. Histopathological examination revealed in all subjects, but one, the presence of normally developed chorionic tissue exhibiting no signs of degenerations. In three cases well preserved foetal tissues were also found. In the third study 16 women with proven fertility were treated from the 14th day of the cycle daily for 7 days with 600 mg of F-6103. Pregnancy occurred in 4 women after 1 to 6 courses of treatment.
The data indicate that in the dose schedule employed F-6103 has neither abortifacient nor postovulatory contraceptive effect in women.
THE HYPOCALCAEMIC ACTIVITY OF GLUCAGON: DEMONSTRATION OF INDEPENDENCE FROM ENDOGENOUS CALCITONIN SECRETION IN THE RAT
Authors: Hattner Robert S. , Bernstein Daniel S. , Aliapoulios Menelaos A. , George Barbara , Rose Elizabeth 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the past glucagon (GN) has been shown to be a hypocalcaemic and hypophosphataemic agent in pharmacologic doses in rats, rabbits, dogs, and humans. These activities have been suggested to be due to GN causing an increase in the secretion, or release, of calcitonin (CT) from the C cells. A series of experiments in rats is reported which demonstrate: 1) GN does not produce hypocalcaemia in chronically parathyroidectomized rats; 2) GN produces hypocalcaemia in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats; and 3) GN produces hypocalcaemia in thyroparathyroidectomized rats with autologous parathyroid transplants. It is concluded that endogenous CT is unnecessary for the hypocalcaemic activity of GN. Other evidence suggesting an unconcerted hypocalcaemic effect of GN is discussed.
STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Vokal H. , Archer D. F. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The following steroids, [7α-3H]5-androstene-3β,16α,17β-triol and [4-14C] 5-androstene-3β,16β,17β-triol were biosynthesized and their metabolism was studied in two subjects at midgestation, following placental perfusion in situ.
Among the metabolites isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form, exclusively 3H-labelled 16α,17β-dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one was isolated from the extracts of placentas and perfusates. Exclusively 14C-labelled 16β,17β-dihydroxy-4-androsten-3-one was isolated from the placentas and perfusates and 16-epioestriol (1,3,5(10)-oestratriene-3,16β,17β-triol) from the placentas, perfusates and urine specimens. The following compounds contained both 3H and 14C-label: oestriol (placentas and urine specimens) and 5β-androstane-3α,16α,17β-triol (urine specimens).
The 3H/14C-ratio of oestriol isolated from the urine specimens was much lower than that of urinary 5β-androstane-3α,16α,17β-triol, or that of the oestriol isolated from the placentas. The 3H/14C-ratio of the oestriol isolated from the urine 2–4 days following the perfusion was lower than that of the perfused material.
It is concluded that a considerable amount of the 16-epioestriol secreted by the placenta is gradually converted to oestriol by the maternal organism. A limited conversion occurs also in the placenta.
OVARIAN RESPONSE TO EXCESSIVE DOSES OF HUMAN MENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN IN TWO PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY PITUITARY INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Sele Vagn , Starup Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two patients with primary pituitary insufficiency were treated with excessive doses of HMG only for 10 and 14 days. The total dose was 3360 IU and 6320 IU FSH, respectively. The excretion of total oestrogens and pregnanediol was determined daily before, during and after the treatment. Furthermore, the excretion of total gonadotrophins was determined on a few occasions after the treatment with HMG was discontinued.
It was confirmed that patients with primary pituitary insufficiency need a high dose of HMG (800 IU and 2560 IU FSH) before any oestrogen is excreted.
In spite of the extreme stimulation and the resulting high oestrogen excretion, the ovaries were not enlarged at any time during the observation period. It is concluded that the administration of both HMG and HCG is necessary for the development of a hyperstimulation syndrome.
Furthermore, it was shown that the excretion of oestrogens continued to increase for a couple of days after the treatment with HMG was stopped. At the same time it was found that the excretion of total gonadotrophins remained elevated for about 8–10 days after the last dose of HMG had been given. These findings indicate that HMG has a prolonged effect. Therefore, it has been proposed to change the commonly used scheme of treatment with HMG-HCG in such a manner that HGG is given 2–3 days after the last dose of HMG in order to reduce the risk of hyperstimulation.
METABOLISM OF [2-14C] PYRUVATE IN NORMAL, ACROMEGALIC AND HGH-TREATED HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Shreeve W. W. , Cerasi E. , Luft R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 4 studies on 3 acromegalic patients, who had normal iv glucose tolerance and high insulin response to infused glucose (Al), the oxidation to 14CO2 of [2-14C] pyruvate (injected intravenously in trace amount after overnight fast) was not different from that in 9 studies of 9 nonacromegalic »high insulin responders« (Ni). In 4 studies on 3 other acromegalic patients, who had low glucose tolerance and less insulin response to glucose (A2), the formation of 14CO2 was reduced to ½–⅔ that of Al or N1 and was about proportionate to the reduction in glucose tolerance. In A2 the 14CO2 formation was slightly lower than the mean for 10 studies with 7 non-acromegalic subjects, who were »low insulin responders« with normal or low glucose tolerance (N2). Among non-acromegalics expiration of 14CO2 was significantly lower in N2 than in N1. Among 4 non-acromegalic subjects treated with human growth hormone for 3–4 days one had a marked reduction in pyruvate oxidation, while all had a decrease in glucose tolerance.
Analysis of 14C in blood glucose at 60 minutes after injection of [2-14C]pyruvate suggested that slightly more total 14C-glucose was present in A2 than N1 without any differences between A2 and N2 or N1 and N2. Two out of 4 studies in A1 showed lower than normal amounts of 14Cglucose. No change in 14C-glucose occurred after administration of HGH.
The findings suggest that impairment of pyruvate oxidation accompanies a lowered glucose tolerance in acromegalics with a diabetic tendency. Changes in gluconeogenesis from pyruvate appear to be minimal.
THE EFFECT OF HEPATECTOMY AND SEX HORMONES ON THE PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN LIVER AND SERUM OF THE RAT
Authors: Leeuwin R. S. , Groenewoud E. Th. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was made of the combined effects of hepatectomy, castration and treatment with sex hormones on the pseudocholinesterase activity in liver and serum of male and female rats. Hepatectomy in normal rats results in a sharp decline of the pseudocholinesterase activity, subsequently followed in females by a rapid increase to normal values and in males by a very slow increase. Hepatectomy in castrated rats also causes a marked decrease of the pseudocholinesterase activity, but the pseudocholinesterase activity remains at a relatively low level, in both castrated females and castrated males. Daily treatment of castrated-hepatectomized females with oestradiol-benzoate, either immediately or nine days after hepatectomy induces a gradual restoration of the enzyme activity to and above the normal castrate level. When castrated-hepatectomized males are treated daily with testosterone-propionate the extremely low activity may even be depressed further.
These experiments once again stress the important role played by the liver and by sex hormones in the synthesis of the enzyme pseudocholinesterase. There was no evidence from our experiments that the steroid hormones affect the speed of regeneration of the liver as a whole. From this it must be decided that they only affect the restoration of the synthetic capacity for pseudocholinesterase. In all experiments the changes in liver pseudocholinesterase activity were reflected in the serum activity.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY, OVARIECTOMY AND PARTURITION ON PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVEL IN SHEEP
Authors: Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In sheep a gradual increase in the progesterone* level in peripheral plasma was observed during pregnancy. The maximum plasma levels were reached at about day 140, the mean value in two ewes, each carrying one lamb being 13.2 ng/ml, and in four twin pregnancies 20.0 ng/ml. During the last week of pregnancy a marked decline in plasma progesterone levels in all the intact animals was observed with a mean value of 2.1 ng/ml at parturition. Following ovariectomy the increase in plasma progesterone in advancing stages of pregnancy which has been observed in intact animals, was blocked. In the ovariectomized animals too a decrease in plasma progesterone levels prior to parturition was demonstrated.
EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON PLASMA PROLACTIN DEPENDENT ON THE PRESENCE OF OESTROGENS
Authors: Gugten A. A. van der , Verhofstad F. , Sala M. , Kwa H. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Reserpine was administered to one group of female, one group of male, two groups of spayed and two groups of orchidectomized rats. The group of intact female rats received the dose of reserpine three days after prooestrus. One group of spayed and one group of orchidectomized rats received oestrone in their drinking-water from the day of operation (day 0) onward. Reserpine was administered to all rats on day 3.
One hour and a half after the reserpine dose (50 μg) blood samples were taken from all the rats; further blood samples were taken on days 4, 5 and 11. Only the intact females and both castrated groups of rats, which received oestrone in their drinking-water responded with an increase in prolactin levels in their circulation 1½ h after the administration of reserpine.
The results suggest that the effect of reserpine, in the dose given, on prolactin release is of relatively short duration and seemed to be dependent on the presence of oestrone.
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Knopp Robert H. , Ruder Henry J. , Herrera Emilio , Freinkel Norbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of pregnancy and dietary status upon the blood sugar response to exogenous insulin in the rat were evaluated. Unanaesthetized 19-day pregnant, postpartum, and age-matched virgin rats were challenged with intravenous insulin (10 U/kg) after unrestricted access to food or fasting for 48 hours. Appropriate control studies were instituted to correct for the effects of 'handling' upon blood sugar. Fed as well as fasted pregnant rats displayed diminished absolute hypoglycaemic responses to insulin and attenuated rates of blood sugar fall. The relative resistance of pregnant rats to the blood sugar lowering actions of insulin was documented during group comparisons with virgin rats as well as upon reexamination of the same animals postpartum.
BLOOD FLOW AND RADIOIODINE UPTAKE IN THE THYROID GLAND OF RATS AFTER ADMINISTRATION AND DISCONTINUATION OF METHYLTHIOURACIL
Authors: Kapitola J. , Schüllerová M. , Schreiberová O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of methylthiouracil (MTU, 0.2% in the food for 7 days) on the thyroid blood flow (86Rb method) and radioiodine uptake in rats was studied. MTU administration causes an increase of thyroid weight (about double) and an increase in blood flow (about four times, as expressed in percentages of dose 86Rb/g), while the radioiodine uptake is inhibited. After the discontinuation of MTU administration 1. the thyroid weight slowly decreases; 2. the thyroid blood flow falls from the 1st day, while on the 7th day it reaches the normal level, when expressed in percentages of dose 86Rb/g; the values in percentages of dose 86Rb in the thyroid gland remain higher than the normal; 3. radioiodine uptake rises rapidly, and on the 2nd day it reaches the normal level when expressed in percentages of dose 131I/mg; the values in percentages of dose 131I in the thyroid gland are higher than normal. Thus, during the period of action of MTU and after its discontinuation, the 86Rb uptake in the thyroid gland as an indicator of blood flow reflects the presumed concentration of endogenous thyrotrophin.
VASOPRESSIN RELEASE FROM THE RAT SUPRAOPTICO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEM IN VITRO IN RESPONSE TO HYPERTONICITY AND ACETYLCHOLINE
Authors: Eggena Patrick , Thorn Niels A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Vasopressin release from isolated supraoptico-neurohypophysial systems of rats was studied by means of an antidiuretic bioassay procedure using iv hydration. Preparations which included adjacent areas released less hormone during the post-isolation recovery period. Following the recovery period less than 20 pg/min of arginine-vasopressin was released from a single preparation; but on challenge with acetylcholine (1 mg/l) or with strongly hypertonic salt solutions (950 mosm/kg) the hormone release was increased to over 100 pg/min/preparation. Cross-tachyphylaxis between these two forms of stimulation occurred after less than 1% of the total vasopressin content of the supraoptico-neurohypophysial system had been released. A concentration of potassium of 56 mmol/l caused release of much larger amounts of vasopressin than stimulation with acetylcholine or hypertonicity.