bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the supraspinatus tendon‐to‐bone insertion: Localized expression of extracellular matrix and growth factor genes
Authors: Galatz Leesa , Rothermich Stefan , VanderPloeg Kristin , Petersen Bryan , Sandell Linda , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe adult healing response of the rotator cuff tendon‐to‐bone insertion site differs from the ordered process of insertion site development. Healing is characterized by disorganized scar and a lack of fibrocartilage formation, in contrast to the well organized fibrocartilaginous transition which forms during the normal development of the tendon‐to‐bone insertion. The purpose of this study was to localize the expression of a number of extracellular matrix and growth factor genes during insertion site development in order to guide future strategies for augmenting adult rotator cuff healing. The rotator cuff was morphologically distinct at 13.5 dpc (days postconception). Neo‐tendon was evident as a condensation of cells adjacent to bone. The interface between tendon and bone did not form into a mature fibrocartilaginous insertion until 21‐days postnatally, based upon the appearance of four distinct zones with a mineralized humeral head. Fibroblasts of the supraspinatus tendon expressed type I collagen at all timepoints. Type II collagen was first expressed by chondrocytes in the fibrocartilage and mineralized fibrocartilage at 7 days and persisted in the mineralized fibrocartilage at 56 days. Type X collagen was first expressed by the chondrocytes in the mineralized fibrocartilage at 14 days and persisted in the mineralized fibrocartilage at 56 days. A shift from TGF‐β3 to TGF‐β1 expression occurred at 15.5 dpc. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1621–1628, 2007
Effects of Botox® and Neuronox® on muscle force generation in mice
Authors: Stone Austin V. , Ma Jianjun , Whitlock Patrick W. , Koman L. Andrew , Smith Thomas L. , Smith Beth P. , Callahan Michael F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe current study determined the dose–response relationship for inhibition of muscle force of two commercially available botulinum neurotoxin type‐A (BoNTA) preparations (Botox® and Neuronox®) in a murine model and characterized the time course of recovery from the toxin‐induced muscle paralysis. The effect of freezing reconstituted toxin on toxin potency was also determined. The gastrocnemius muscles in male CD‐1 mice were injected with either saline or BoNTA (0.3–3.0 U/kg), and muscle force generation was examined following stimulation of the tibial nerve (single twitch and 15–200 Hz tetany). Botox and Neuronox produced nearly equivalent decrements in muscle force (30%–90%) at 4 days after toxin injection. At 28 days after injection (1 U/kg), muscle force had recovered from the effects of both toxin preparations. Maintaining reconstituted toxin at −80°C for up to 5 months did not result in significant loss of toxin activity. The results of this study suggest that Botox and Neuronox produce equivalent responses in a murine model, and, in contrast to other models, muscle recovery is rapid with doses of toxin that produce less than maximal decrements in muscle force. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1658–1664, 2007
‘It is better to beg forgiveness than to ask permission’: tourism development in an unregulated town
Authors: Ross Andrew J. , Riley Roger W. , Rumpca Tiffany L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study describes the state of a Costa Rican community as it is affected by tourism development. It suggests reasons for the current state of affairs and offers potential solutions to remedy this town's issues. By gathering data on location through the use of interviews with business owners, the issue of individual development versus community development is exposed. It provides a glimpse into the concept of group dynamics and collective action (or the lack of it), and offers some understanding about collective development in unregulated communities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complications Associated with Percutaneous Placement of Venous Return Cannula for Venovenous Bypass in Adult Orthotopic Liver Transplantation†
Authors: Sakai Tetsuro , Planinsic Raymond M. , Hilmi Ibetsam A. , Marsh Wallis J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Percutaneous large bore cannula placement during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for use in venovenous bypass (VVB) has been reported to be a rapid and simple technique. It is, however, a technique that carries its own risks. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of complications related to the placement of a percutaneous venous return cannula and subsequent VVB in OLT. A retrospective review of 360 consecutive adult OLT patients during a period of 18 months (January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004) was performed. The percutaneous venous cannula (18 Fr) was placed by an attending transplant anesthesiologist. The cannulation was attempted in 326 patients (90.6%). No cannulation was attempted on the subclavian veins. Internal jugular venous cannula placement was attempted but aborted in 6 patients (1.8%) due to technical difficulties. In 320 patients who received an internal jugular venous cannula, 313 (97.8%) underwent OLT without complication. The remaining 7 patients (2.2%) had complications. The operation was delayed for 1 patient due to suspected hemomediastinum. The other 6 complications were related to VVB: air embolism (2 patients), low flow rate (2 patients), hypotension (1 patient), and atrial fibrillation (1 patient). Successful OLT was eventually carried out in all the 7 patients and no mortality associated with internal jugular venous cannula placement or VVB was noted. In conclusion, percutaneous placement of a large bore venous return cannula for VVB during adult OLT can be performed with acceptable risk using a flexible 18-Fr cannula via the right internal jugular vein (IJV) by experienced attending transplant anesthesiologists. Liver Transpl 13:961–965, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
A Prospective Evaluation of Fibrosis Progression in Patients with Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus Following Liver Transplantation†
Authors: Yilmaz Nevin , Shiffman Mitchell L. , Stravitz Todd R. , Sterling Richard K. , Luketic Velimir A. , Sanyal Arun J. , Mills Scott A. , Contos Melissa J. , Coterell Adrian , Maluf Daniel , Posner Marc P. , Fisher Robert A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) following liver transplantation (LT) is universal. A subset of these patients develop advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and it is believed that this leads to increased posttransplantation mortality. The specific aims of this study were to determine the incidence of advanced fibrosis and those factors associated with this process, and to evaluate causes for mortality in patients with recurrent HCV. A total of 227 patients who underwent LT with chronic HCV were monitored prospectively. The mean age of this group at LT was 49.5 yr; 76% were male and 85% were Caucasian. Fibrosis progression was monitored by protocol liver biopsy, initially performed 6 months after LT and then at 6- to 24-month intervals. Advanced fibrosis, defined as the bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis, developed in 1%, 11%, 25%, and 41% of patients after 1, 3, 5, and 6-10 yr, respectively. Acute cellular rejection hepatic steatosis, a persistent elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase and donor-race were associated with the development of advanced fibrosis. In contrast, the development of advanced fibrosis was not affected by the use of interferon prior to undergoing LT, cytomegalovirus disease, or donor age. A total of 60 patients (26%) died over 15 yr of follow-up. Although graft failure accounted for 45% of deaths in patients with advanced fibrosis, this represented only 8% of all deaths in patients with recurrent HCV. Sepsis was the most common cause of death and this was observed with similar frequency in patients who developed advanced fibrosis (45%) and in those with less advanced fibrosis (47%). In conclusion, approximately 41% of patients with recurrent HCV developed advanced fibrosis 6-10 yr after LT. However, complications associated with sepsis, not recurrent cirrhosis, was the most common cause of death in patients with recurrent HCV and this was similar in patients with or without advanced fibrosis. Liver Transpl 13:975–983, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation in Liver Transplant Patients with Hepatitis C Recurrence and in Non-Transplanted Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Cisneros Laura , Londoño Maria-Carlota , Blasco Carmen , Bataller Ramón , Miquel Rosa , Bruguera Miquel , Ginès Pere , Rimola Antoni 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms of accelerated graft fibrosis in hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) are not well established. The aim of the study was to assess whether a greater activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the major collagen-producing cells in the liver, can occur in these patients as compared to non-LT patients with chronic hepatitis C. We determined the amount of activated HSC by computer-based morphometric analysis of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive cells and the hepatic TGFβ1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 46 LT patients with hepatitis C recurrence, 35 non-LT patients with chronic hepatitis C, and 16 controls. Hepatic αSMA and TGFβ1 expression was higher in LT patients with hepatitis C recurrence than in controls and was correlated with fibrosis stage and progression rate. No significant difference in αSMA and TGFβ1 expression was observed between LT and non-LT patients with hepatitis C, with the exception of a higher transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ1) expression in non-LT patients in the early stages of fibrosis. LT patients receiving cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK) had a similar fibrosis progression rate and αSMA and TGFβ1 expression. In conclusion, the accelerated fibrosis observed in LT patients with hepatitis C recurrence does not seem to be related to a greater amount of activated HSC and TGFβ1 expression in the grafts of these patients as compared to non-LT patients with chronic hepatitis C. In LT patients, the amount of activated HSC and TGFβ1 expression correlated with fibrosis stage and progression, without any apparent influence of the type of calcineurin inhibitor administered. Liver Transpt 13:1017–1027, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Anemia in Liver Transplant Recipients Undergoing Antiviral Treatment for Recurrent Hepatitis C
Authors: Saab Sammy , Oh Mina K. , Ibrahim Ayman B. , Durazo Francisco , Han Steven , Yersiz Hasan , Farmer Douglas G. , Ghobrial Mark R. , Goldstein Leonard I. , Tong Myron J. , Busuttil Ronald W. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Adherence to antiviral therapy is essential to achieve sustained virological responses in patients treated for hepatitis C. An important limitation to use of appropriate doses of ribavirin is development of anemia. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with anemia in liver transplant recipients undergoing treatment for recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV). Retrospective analysis was performed on 115 adult liver transplantation (LT) recipients who received antiviral treatment. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin of <10 gm/dL or the use of erythropoietin replacement therapy. Variables found to be significant in univariate analysis were further studied in multivariate analysis. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) age of our cohort was 52.1 (± 8.8) yr. Anemia developed in 44 patients (38.3%). Mean (± SD) onset of anemia was 8.9 (± 6.8) weeks after initiation of antiviral therapy. A total of 30 patients (26%) required erythropoietin replacement, at a mean (± SD) of 7.9 (± 6.0) weeks after start of antiviral treatment. A total of 27 patients (24%) required ribavirin dose reduction, at a mean (± SD) time to dose reduction of 8.1 (± 6.3) weeks. In univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01), mycophenolate mofetil use (P = 0.05), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P = 0.02), and age (P = 0.02) were statistically significant. In conclusion, in multivariate analysis, BMI (P < 0.01) and age (P = 0.02) were found to be independent predictors of anemia. Anemia is common in liver transplant recipients treated for recurrent HCV. Special vigilance is required for older patients and patients with a low BMI. Liver Transpt 13:1032–1038, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma is a Problem We Need to Tackle
Authors: Perkins James D. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only curative therapy of HCC with underlying cirrhosis, but due to HCC metastasis and recurrence, its benefit is limited to a small population who meet the strict selection criteria. We previously reported that Licartin ([131I]mAb HAb18G/CD147) was safe and effective in treating HCC patients, and its antigen, HAb18G/CD147, was closely related to HCC invasion and metastasis. Here, we reported a randomized controlled trial to assess the post-OLT antirecurrence efficacy of Licartin in advanced HCC patients. We randomized 60 post-OLT patients with HCC, who were at tumor stage 3/4 and outside the Milan criteria before OLT, into 2 groups. Three weeks after OLT, the treatment group received 15.4 MBq/kg of Licartin, while the control group received placebo intravenously for 3 times with an interval of 28 days. At 1-year follow-up, the recurrence rate significantly decreased by 30.4% (

P

= 0.0174) and the survival rate increased by 20.6% (

P

= 0.0289) in the treatment group, compared with those in the control group. For the control group versus the treatment group, the hazard ratio for recurrence was 3.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–8.60) and that for death was 3.87 (95% CI, 1.23–12.21). Licartin treatment also resulted in an earlier decreased AFP level and a longer time of normal AFP level than placebo (

P

= 0.0016). No Licartin-related toxic effects were observed.

Conclusion:

Licartin is a promising drug for preventing post-OLT tumor recurrence in advanced HCC patients excluded by the currently strict criteria for OLT. HAb18G/CD147 can be a good drug target.
World's Longest Surviving Liver-Pancreas Recipient
Authors: Harary Albert M. , Abu-Elmagd Kareem , Thai Ngoc , Shapiro Ron , Todo Satoru , Fung John J. , Starzl Thomas E. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
In July 1988, the liver and pancreas of a cadaveric donor were transplanted separately into a man with type 1 diabetes with end-stage chronic hepatitis B virus. Two features of the operation may help explain the patient's current status as the longest-lived liver-pancreas recipient. One was enteric drainage of pancreatic exocrine secretions. The other was delivery of the pancreas venous effluent to the host portal system and then directly to the hepatic allograft. Liver Transpl 13:957–960, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
β3‐Adrenoceptors in urinary bladder
Authors: Yamaguchi Osamu , Chapple Christopher R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe β‐adrenoceptor (AR) is currently classified into β1, β2, and β3subtypes. A third subtype, β3‐AR, was first identified in adipose tissue, but has also been identified in smooth muscle tissue, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder smooth muscle. There is a predominant expression of β3‐AR messenger RNA (mRNA) in human bladder, with 97% of total β‐AR mRNA being represented by the β3‐AR subtype and only 1.5 and 1.4% by the β1‐AR and β2‐AR subtypes, respectively. Moreover, the presence of β1‐, β2‐, and β3‐AR mRNAs in the urothelium of human bladder has been identified. The distribution of β‐AR subtypes mediating detrusor muscle relaxation is species dependent, the predominant subtype being the β3‐AR in humans. Recent studies have suggested that cAMP‐dependent routes are not exclusive mechanisms triggering the β‐AR‐mediated relaxation of smooth muscle. It has been demonstrated in rats detrusor muscle that cAMP plays a greater role in β‐adrenergic relaxation against basal tone than against KCl‐induced tone and that conversely calcium‐activated K+channels (BKca channels) play a greater role under the latter circumstances. In rat models, β3‐AR agonists increase bladder capacity without influencing bladder contraction and have only weak cardiovascular side effects. Although this evidence points toward the clinical utility of β3‐AR agonists as therapy for overactive bladder (OAB), pharmacological differences exist between rat and human β3‐ARs. Development of compounds with high selectivity for the human β3‐AR, identified by screening techniques using cell lines transfected with the human β1‐, β2‐, and β3‐AR genes, may mitigate against such problems. The association between the tryptophan 64 arginine polymorphism in the β3‐AR gene and idiopathic OAB is discussed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:752–756, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Women who experience detrusor overactive at lower bladder volumes report greater bother
Authors: Lowenstein Lior , Kenton Kimberly , Dooley Yashika , R. Mueller Elizabeth , Brubaker Linda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo explore the relationship of cystometric volume at the time of first detection of detrusor overactive incontinence (DOI) to condition‐specific quality of life (QOL).MethodsWe reviewed consecutive charts of women diagnosed with pure DOI during urodynamic testing. DOI volume was defined as the cystometric volume at the first detection of DOI. Responses to the Urine Distress Inventory (UDI6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ7) were recorded. Spearman correlations were used to compare independent groups with respect to continuous variables.ResultsEighty‐nine women were included in this analysis. DOI volume was inversely correlated with UDI6 and IIQ7 scores (Spearman's ρ = −0.514, P < 0.001 and Spearman's ρ = −0.611, P < 0.001). Maximal cystometric capacity was also inversely correlated with UDI6 and IIQ7 scores (ρ = −0.458, P < 0.0001 and Spearman's ρ = −0.43, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsWomen who experience DOI at lower volumes during urodynamics report greater bother and QOL impact from incontinence than women who leak at higher volumes. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motives for voting as shown by the Cincinnati P. R. election of 1929
Authors: Gosnell Harold F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen information regarding the candidates is available, an analysis of the transfers made under the Hare system of proportional representation throws light upon motives for voting. A study of the returns for the 1929 Cincinnati councilmanic elections shows that the rivalry between the charter committee and the organization Republican party outweighed all other factors. The factor of color came next in importance. Nationalistic, religious and class influences were relatively insignificant.
MUSTA‐type upwind fluxes for non‐linear elasticity
Authors: Titarev V. A. , Romenski E. , Toro E. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present paper is devoted to the construction and comparative study of upwind methods as applied to the system of one‐dimensional non‐linear elasticity equations with particular attention to robustness and accurate resolution of delicate features such as linearly degenerate fields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards unlimited transparency? Morals and facts concerning leaking to the press by public officials in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jong Jurgen , de Vries Michiel S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTransparency is increasingly a general norm for government conduct, but it is not considered desirable in all situations. Leaking confidential information is a salient example of this. Leaking namely has a very negative connotation: it is associated with egotism, harmfulness and prosecution. Despite its impact, hardly any empirical research has been conducted to test these assumptions. We seek to redress the negative bias by discussing three sources of empirical material. Our discussion leads us to conclude that some officials leak for unvirtuous reasons but that many are actually driven by public interest. Leaking appears to occur quite often and within more or less stable networks of journalists and public officials. Leakers mainly prove to be higher ranked officials and politicians, rather than frustrated lower ranked officials. This indicates that generally too much is held secret. Increasing transparency may be a good measure to reduce leaking, because it removes the breeding ground for leaks. This would imply the need for a new definition of leaking that offers a clearer pretext for moral judgement of leaks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coarse‐grained protein force field for folding and structure prediction
Authors: Maupetit Julien , Tuffery P. , Derreumaux Philippe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have revisited the protein coarse‐grained optimized potential for efficient structure prediction (OPEP). The training and validation sets consist of 13 and 16 protein targets. Because optimization depends on details of how the ensemble of decoys is sampled, trial conformations are generated by molecular dynamics, threading, greedy, and Monte Carlo simulations, or taken from publicly available databases. The OPEP parameters are varied by a genetic algorithm using a scoring function which requires that the native structure has the lowest energy, and the native‐like structures have energy higher than the native structure but lower than the remote conformations. Overall, we find that OPEP correctly identifies 24 native or native‐like states for 29 targets and has very similar capability to the all‐atom discrete optimized protein energy model (DOPE), found recently to outperform five currently used energy models. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monte carlo folding of trans‐membrane helical peptides in an implicit generalized Born membrane
Authors: Ulmschneider Jakob P. , Ulmschneider Martin B. , Di Nola Alfredo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn efficient Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm using concerted backbone rotations is combined with a recently developed implicit membrane model to simulate the folding of the hydrophobic transmembrane domain M2TM of the M2 protein from influenza A virus and Sarcolipin at atomic resolution. The implicit membrane environment is based on generalized Born theory and has been calibrated against experimental data. The MC sampling has previously been used to fold several small polypeptides and been shown to be equivalent to molecular dynamics (MD). In combination with a replica exchange algorithm, M2TM is found to form continuous membrane spanning helical conformations for low temperature replicas. Sarcolipin is only partially helical, in agreement with the experimental NMR structures in lipid bilayers and detergent micelles. Higher temperature replicas exhibit a rapidly decreasing helicity, in agreement with expected thermodynamic behavior. To exclude the possibility of an erroneous helical bias in the simulations, the model is tested by sampling a synthetic Alanine‐rich polypeptide of known helicity. The results demonstrate there is no overstabilization of helical conformations, indicating that the implicit model captures the essential components of the native membrane environment for M2TM and Sarcolipin. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.