bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nearest‐neighbor algorithms for load‐balancing in parallel computers
Authors: Xu Chengzhong , Lau Francis C. M. , Lau Francis C. M. , Monien Burkhard , Lüling Reinhard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWith nearest‐neighbor load‐balancing algorithms, a processor makes balancing decisions based on localized workload information and manages workload migrations within its neighborhood. The paper compares a couple of fairly well‐known nearest‐neighbor algorithms,the dimension‐exchange(DE) andthe diffusion(DF) methods and their several variants—the average dimension‐exchange (ADE), optimally tuned dimension‐exchange (ODE), local average diffusion (ADF) and optimally tuned diffusion (ODF). The measures of interest are their efficiency in driving any initial workload distribution to a uniform distribution and their ability in controlling the growth of the variance among the processors' workloads. The comparison is made with respect to both one‐port and all‐port communication architectures and in consideration of various implementation strategies including synchronous/asynchronous invocation policies and static/dynamic random workload behaviors. It turns out that the dimension‐exchange method outperforms the diffusion method in the one‐port communication model. In particular, the ODE algorithm is best suited for statically synchronous implementations of a load‐balancing process regardless of its underlying communication models. The strength of the diffusion method is in asynchronous implementations in the all‐port communication model; the ODF algorithm performs best in that case. The underlying communication networks considered assume the most popular topologies, the mesh and the torus and their special cases: the hypercube and thek‐aryn‐cube.
Exenatide effects on glucose metabolism and metabolic disorders common to overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Webb David M. , Wintle Matthew , Malone James K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes increase as body mass index increases in overweight (25–30 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2) individuals. However, these risks can be reduced with even modest weight loss. In patients with established type 2 diabetes, control of both glycemia and body weight are important to minimize the risk of future diabetic complications. Exenatide is a 39‐amino‐acid peptide incretin mimetic currently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as an adjunct to sulfonylurea and/or metformin. Phase‐3 clinical studies showed exenatide therapy for 30 weeks significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, while significantly reducing body weight. Open‐label extensions from these pivotal trials demonstrated patients treated with exenatide for 2 years had sustained reductions in glycemic control at 30 weeks and a progressive reduction in body weight. Patients treated with exenatide also had improvement in blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles. The glucoregulatory and weight‐reducing effects of exenatide are the result of multiple modes of action that mimic several of the glucoregulatory actions of the naturally occurring peptide, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1). These include restoration of first phase insulin response, enhancement of glucose‐dependent insulin secretion, suppression of inappropriate glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying, and affects on satiety leading to reduced food intake. Further research is required to fully understand the role for exenatide to potentially alleviate metabolic disorders associated with type 2 diabetes, including CVD and obesity. Drug Dev. Res. 67:666–676, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“The next big thing” in diabetes: clinical progress on DPP‐IV inhibitors
Authors: von Geldern Thomas W. , Trevillyan James M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) appear poised to become the next major advance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an “incretin hormone” released from L cells in the small intestine in response to the ingestion of nutrients, which enhances the glucose‐dependent secretion of insulin from pancreatic β‐cells. In type 2 diabetic patients, the continuous infusion of GLP‐1 decreases plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1cconcentrations and improves β‐cell function. The rapid clearance of active GLP‐1 (in vivo half‐life ∼1 min) through DPP‐IV processing poses challenges to the development of exogenous GLP‐1‐based therapy. The inhibition of endogenous GLP‐1 degradation by reducing DPP‐IV activity is an alternative strategy for improving the incretin action of GLP‐1 in vivo. The area has attracted increasing attention in recent years from both academic and pharma researchers. Numerous reports of small‐molecule DPP‐IV inhibitors have appeared in the recent literature; many more reports describe the beneficial effects of these inhibitors in vitro and in animal models of T2DM. More recently, this approach has been explored clinically, with the most advanced agents currently under review by regulators. This review highlights the progress and status of clinically evaluated agents of this class, also noting key preclinical experiments that have provided proof of concept for this novel mechanism of action. Drug Dev. Res. 67:627–642, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting of the central histaminergic system for treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders
Authors: Malmlöf Kjell , Hohlweg Rolf , Rimvall Karin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere is currently a need for effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of obesity. In this communication, the involvement of the neurotransmitter histamine in the regulation of food intake is reviewed, together with results obtained in animals with pharmacologically increased brain histamine levels. A survey of the literature reveals that histaminergic circuits, arising from nerve cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus and projecting into the paraventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus, and the ventromedial hypothalamus, are strongly involved in regulation of food intake and possibly also energy expenditure. Current literature also suggests the histaminergic circuits connect to other neuronal pathways involved in the regulation of energy balance and body weight. Studies performed in rodents demonstrate that H3receptor antagonists increase hypothalamic histamine and decrease food intake, which result in decreased body weight. Lipid oxidation is increased and, at higher doses, body fat is also decreased. These changes are associated with lower circulating levels of insulin during an oral glucose challenge suggesting an increase in insulin sensitivity. The effects on food intake have also been confirmed in pigs and rhesus monkeys. It can thus be concluded that results obtained with H3antagonist in animals warrant future clinical studies to evaluate whether this principle is effective in the treatment of human obesity. Drug Dev. Res. 67:651–665, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New generation angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists that selectively modulate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ
Authors: Pershadsingh Harrihar A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe discovery that the antihypertensive angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs), telmisartan and irbesartan, were capable of activating peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ has provided a novel approach for developing new generation ARBs with beneficial metabolic effects. By selectively blocking the angiotensin II–mediated pro‐inflammatory AT1R signaling pathway, while activating the PPARγ‐dependent anti‐inflammatory pathway, these compounds may confer broader anti‐inflammatory protection compared to other ARBs, i.e., those lacking PPARγ activity. Both telmisartan and irbesartan function as selective PPARγ modulators. Their potential beneficial effects beyond blood pressure reduction, include increased insulin sensitivity, improved lipid profile, improved anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐atherogenic risk profiles. These properties could provide superior clinical efficacy in hypertensive patients with insulin‐resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Thus, among existing ARBs, telmisartan and irbesartan may have added benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases with metabolic pathology, and their associated end‐organ microvascular and macrovascular complications. This unique subset of ARBs provides a strategic platform for designing prototypes of a new class of PPARγ ligands capable of antagonizing AT1R, for broadly targeting cardiometabolic diseases for which therapy is presently insufficient or non‐existent. Drug Dev. Res. 67:687;–697, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A model for targeted substitution mutagenesis during SOS replication of double‐stranded DNA containing cis‐syn cyclobutane thymine dimers
Authors: Grebneva Helen A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA model for ultraviolet mutagenesis is described that is based on the formation of rare tautomeric bases in pyrimidine dimers. It is shown that during SOS synthesis the modified DNA‐polymerase inserts canonical bases opposite the dimers; the inserted bases are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with bases in the template DNA. SOS‐replication of double‐stranded DNA having thymine dimers, with one or both bases in a rare tautomeric conformation, results in targeted transitions, transversions, or one‐nucleotide gaps. Structural analysis indicates that one type of dimer containing a single tautomeric base (TT1*, with the “*” indicating a rare tautomeric base and the subscript referring to the particular conformation) can cause A:T → G:C transition or homologous A:T → T:A transversion, while another dimer (TT2*) can cause a one‐nucleotide gap. The dimers containing T4* result in A:T → C:G transversion, while TT5* dimers can cause A:T → C:G transversion or homologous A:T → T:A transversion. If both bases in the dimer are in a rare tautomeric form, then tandem mutations or double‐nucleotide gaps can be formed. The dimers containing the rare tautomeric forms T1 *′, T2*′, T3*′, T4*′, and T5*′ may not result in mutations. The question of whether dimers containing T4*′ and T5*′ result in mutations requires further investigation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Euler solutions using flux‐based wave decomposition
Authors: Ahmad Nash'at , Lindeman John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Euler equations are solved for non‐hydrostatic atmospheric flow problems in two dimensions using a high‐resolution Godunov‐type scheme. The Riemann problem is solved using a flux‐based wave decomposition suggested by LeVeque. This paper describes in detail, the design and implementation of the Riemann solver used for computing the Godunov fluxes. The methodology is then validated against benchmark cases for non‐hydrostatic atmospheric flows. Comparisons are made with solutions obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research's state‐of‐the‐art numerical model. The method shows promise in simulating non‐hydrostatic flows, which are characterized by steep gradients on the meso‐, micro‐ and urban‐scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microglial control of neuronal death and synaptic properties
Authors: Bessis Alain , Béchade Catherine , Bernard Delphine , Roumier Anne 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicroglia have long been characterized by their immune function in the nervous system and are still mainly considered in a beneficial versus detrimental dialectic. However a review of literature enables to shed novel lights on microglial function under physiological conditions. It is now relevant to position these cells as full time partners of neuronal function and more specifically of synaptogenesis and developmental apoptosis. Indeed, microglia can actively control neuronal death. It has actually been shown in retina that microglial nerve growth factor (NGF) is necessary for the developmental apoptosis to occur. Similarly, in cerebellum, microglia induces developmental Purkinje cells death through respiratory burst. Furthermore, in spinal cord, microglial TNFα commits motoneurons to a neurotrophic dependent developmental apoptosis. Microglia can also control synaptogenesis. This is suggested by the fact that a mutation in KARAP/DAP12, a key protein of microglial activation impacts synaptic functions in hippocampus, and synapses protein content. In addition it has been now demonstrated that microglial brain‐derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) directly regulates synaptic properties in spinal cord. In conclusion, microglia can control neuronal function under physiological conditions and it is known that neuronal activity reciprocally controls microglial activation. We will discuss the importance of this cross‐talk which allows microglia to orchestrate the balance between synaptogenesis and neuronal death occurring during development or injuries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug release from pH‐responsive thermogelling pentablock copolymers
Authors: Determan Michael D. , Cox James P. , Mallapragada Surya K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA novel pH‐dependent injectable sustained delivery system was developed by utilizing a cationic pentablock copolymer that exhibits a thermoreversible sol‐gel transition. Aqueous solutions of the pentablock copolymer, consisting of poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl‐methyl methacrylate)‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl‐methyl methacrylate) (PDEAEM25‐PEO100‐PPO65‐PEO100‐PDEAEM25) exhibit temperature and pH dependent micellization due to the lower critical solution temperature of the PPO blocks and the polyelectrolyte character of the PDEAEM blocks, respectively. Aqueous solutions of the copolymers above 12 wt % are free flowing liquids at room temperature and form elastic physical hydrogels reversibly above 37°C. Hydrophobic probe absorbance studies indicate that pentablock copolymer micelles increase the solubility of sparingly soluble drugs. Solutions of the pentablock copolymer that form gels at body temperature exhibit sustained zero‐order release in in vitro experiments. The release rates of model drugs and proteins were significantly influenced by the pH of the release media, thereby making these polymers ideal candidates for modulated drug delivery. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Unicorns in the world of chemical bonding models
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Krapp Andreas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe appearance and the significance of heuristically developed bonding models are compared with the phenomenon of unicorns in mythical saga. It is argued that classical bonding models played an essential role for the development of the chemical science providing the language which is spoken in the territory of chemistry. The advent and the further development of quantum chemistry demands some restrictions and boundary conditions for classical chemical bonding models, which will continue to be integral parts of chemistry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007
Bond electron pair: Its relevance and analysis from the quantum chemistry point of view
Authors: Malrieu Jean‐Paul , Guihéry Nathalie , Calzado Carmen jiménez , Angeli Celestino 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper first comments on the surprisingly poor status that Quantum Chemistry has offered to the fantastic intuition of Lewis concerning the distribution of the electrons in the molecule. Then, it advocates in favor of a hierarchical description of the molecular wave‐function, distinguishing the physics taking place in the valence space (in the bond and between the bonds), and the dynamical correlation effects. It is argued that the clearest pictures of the valence electronic population combine two localized views, namely the bond (and lone pair) Molecular Orbitals and the Valence Bond decomposition of the wave‐function, preferably in the orthogonal version directly accessible from the complete active space self consistent field method. Such a reading of the wave function enables one to understand the work of the nondynamical correlation as an enhancement of the weight of the low‐energy VB components, i.e. as a better compromise between the electronic delocalization and the energetic preferences of the atoms. It is suggested that regarding the bond building, the leading dynamical correlation effect may be the dynamical polarization phenomenon. It is shown that most correlation effects do not destroy the bond electron pairs and remain compatible with Lewis' vision. A certain number of free epistemological considerations have been introduced in the development of the argument. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2007
A longitudinal study of perceived parental psychological control and psychological well‐being in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOn two occasions separated by one year, Chinese adolescents (N = 2,758) responded to instruments measuring their perceived parental psychological control and psychological well‐being, including hopelessness, mastery, life satisfaction, and self‐esteem. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that perceived parental psychological control was concurrently related to adolescent psychological well‐being at Time 1 and Time 2. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the relationships between perceived parental psychological control and adolescent psychological well‐being over time were bidirectional in nature. Regarding the differential contribution of paternal and maternal psychological control to adolescent psychological well‐being over time, paternal psychological control at Time 1 predicted changes in adolescent life satisfaction at Time 2, particularly for adolescent girls. On the other hand, maternal psychological control at Time 1 predicted changes in adolescent self‐esteem at Time 2. Relative to those conditions in which one or none of the adolescents' parents was perceived to display high psychological control at Time 1, the psychological well‐being of adolescents at Time 2 was poorer under the condition in which both parents were perceived to display high levels of psychological control at Time 1. The clinical implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 1–22, 2007.
Bipolar disorder: Improving diagnosis and optimizing integrated care
Authors: Culver J. L. , Arnow B. A. , Ketter T. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBipolar disorder is a chronic, severe condition commonly causing substantial mortality and psychosocial morbidity. Challenges in recognition can delay the institution of appropriate management, whereas misdiagnosis may initiate pharmacologic interventions that adversely affect the condition's course. Pharmacotherapy remains the foundation of treatment. In addition to efficacy, tolerability is an important consideration in medication choice, particularly for long‐term maintenance because of its impact on adherence. Mood stabilizers are the classic treatments for bipolar disorder. Newer agents such as atypical antipsychotics may offer efficacy and/or tolerability advantages compared with other medications. The role of antidepressants in bipolar disorder remains controversial. Growing evidence indicates that adjunctive psychosocial interventions improve long‐term functioning; consequently, psychologists are becoming increasingly involved in the long‐term care of patients with bipolar disorder. This review seeks to update psychologists and related healthcare professionals on recent advances and the current limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 73–92, 2007.
Examination of the analytic quality of behavioral health randomized clinical trials
Authors: Spring Bonnie , Pagoto Sherry , Knatterud Genell , Kozak Andrea , Hedeker Donald 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdoption of evidence‐based practice (EBP) policy has implications for clinicians and researchers alike. In fields that have already adopted EBP, evidence‐based practice guidelines derive from systematic reviews of research evidence. Ultimately, such guidelines serve as tools used by practitioners. Systematic reviews of treatment efficacy and effectiveness reserve their strongest endorsements for treatments that are supported by high‐quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs). It is unknown how well RCTs reported in behavioral science journals fare compared to quality standards set forth in fields that pioneered the evidence‐based movement. We compared analytic quality features of all behavioral health RCTs (n = 73) published in three leading behavioral journals and two leading medical journals between January 2000 and July 2003. A behavioral health trial was operationalized as one employing a behavioral treatment modality to prevent or treat an acute or chronic physical disease or condition. Findings revealed areas of weakness in analytic aspects of the behavioral health RCTs reported in both sets of journals. Weaknesses were more pronounced in behavioral journals. The authors offer recommendations for improving the analytic quality of behavioral health RCTs to ensure that evidence about behavioral treatments is highly weighted in systematic reviews. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 53–71, 2007.
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) enhances anabolic gene expression patterns in flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Authors: Schnabel Lauren V. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Miller Brian J. , McDermott William G. , Jacobson May S. , Santangelo Kelly S. , Fortier Lisa A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlatelet rich plasma (PRP) has recently been investigated for use in tissue regeneration studies that seek to utilize the numerous growth factors released from platelet α‐granules. This study examined gene expression patterns, DNA, and collagen content of equine flexor digitorum superficialis tendon (SDFT) explants cultured in media consisting of PRP and other blood products. Blood and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) were collected from horses and processed to obtain plasma, PRP, and platelet poor plasma (PPP). IGF‐I, TGF‐β1, and PDGF‐BB were quantified in all blood products using ELISA. Tendons were cultured in explant fashion with blood, plasma, PRP, PPP, or BMA at concentrations of 100%, 50%, or 10% in serum‐free DMEM with amino acids. Quantitative RT‐PCR for expression of collagen type I (COL1A1), collagen type III (COL3A1), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), decorin, matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), and matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) was performed as were DNA and total soluble collagen assays. TGF‐β1 and PDGF‐BB concentrations were higher in PRP compared to all other blood products tested. Tendons cultured in 100% PRP showed enhanced gene expression of the matrix molecules COL1A1, COL3A1, and COMP with no concomitant increase in the catabolic molecules MMP‐3 and MMP‐13. These findings support in vivo investigation of PRP as an autogenous, patient‐side treatment for tendonitis. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:230–240, 2007