bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing a Gen-Z workforce – what family firms need to know: a perspectives article
Authors: Stevanovski Mare , Zhan Likun (David) , Mustafa Michael 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis paper highlights the opportunities and challenges for family firms in managing Generation Z (Gen-Z) employees. This perspective article explores several considerations for family firms in managing their Gen-Z employees and the potential implications for their socioemotional wealth (SEW).Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide a brief review of what is known about the values/work habits of Gen-Z employees and attracting, retaining and managing nonfamily employees in family firms.FindingsThe unique values, motivations and working styles of Gen-Z employees suggest the need for family business leaders to adopt a different approach to managing these employees. A focus on Gen-Z’s psychological contract, technological savviness and entrepreneurial orientation is provided with respect to how they can be managed.Originality/valueThe authors suggest the importance of approaching NFEs as a heterogenous group and offer avenues for future research with prospective research questions to better understand nonfamily Generation Z employees’ place in the family firm.
Happy knowledge creators sustain nations: scale development and validation of happiness at work
Authors: Khatri Puja , Kumari Preeti , Thomas Asha 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThe significant role of universities in generating and diffusing new knowledge in the interest of society has positioned faculty as knowledge creators. The present study contributes to the domain of positive psychology by heeding the happiness call in academia. The research intends to develop and validate a scale for measuring happiness at work (HAW) for knowledge creators.Design/methodology/approachThe study is systematically designed across a series of four independent studies: (1) Dimensionality and item analysis, (2) scale purification, (3) scale refinement and nomological validation and (4) generalizability. Additionally, common method bias (CMB) was checked utilizing the marker variable technique.FindingsHAW has been established as a second-order reflective-reflective construct with six factors, namely work satisfaction, self-directedness, self-love, positive thinking, positive social relationships and work-family balance. The nomological validity and generalizability of the scale have also been established.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is an attempt to address an important topic of HAW among knowledge creators. By conceptualizing HAW as a combination of intraindividual and organizational factors, this study offers a comprehensive measure of HAW that was previously absent in the literature. The results of the study will assist management in making strategic decisions to ensure the HAW of knowledge creators.Originality/valueKnowledge creators’ happiness is a major concern in academia and has received little attention till date. The primary contribution of this study is the conceptualization and development of a validated scale for measuring knowledge creators’ HAW. A valid and reliable scale for measuring HAW would enable researchers to gain fresh perspectives on the essence, attributes and quantification of this particularly noteworthy construct.
Chronic TNF exposure induces glucocorticoid‐like immunosuppression in the alveolar macrophages of aged mice that enhances their susceptibility to pneumonia
Authors: Kruckow Katherine L. , Murray Elizabeth , Shayhidin Elnur , Rosenberg Alexander F. , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Orihuela Carlos J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic low‐grade inflammation, particularly elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels, occurs due to advanced age and is associated with greater susceptibility to infection. One reason for this is age‐dependent macrophage dysfunction (ADMD). Herein, we use the adoptive transfer of alveolar macrophages (AM) from aged mice into the airway of young mice to show that inherent age‐related defects in AM were sufficient to increase the susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram‐positive bacterium and the leading cause of community‐acquired pneumonia. MAPK phosphorylation arrays using AM lysates from young and aged wild‐type (WT) and TNF knockout (KO) mice revealed multilevel TNF‐mediated suppression of kinase activity in aged mice. RNAseq analyses of AM validated the suppression of MAPK signaling as a consequence of TNF during aging. Two regulatory phosphatases that suppress MAPK signaling, Dusp1 and Ptprs, were confirmed to be upregulated with age and as a result of TNF exposure both ex vivo and in vitro. Dusp1 is known to be responsible for glucocorticoid‐mediated immune suppression, and dexamethasone treatment increased Dusp1 and Ptprs expression in cells and recapitulated the ADMD phenotype. In young mice, treatment with dexamethasone increased the levels of Dusp1 and Ptprs and their susceptibility to infection. TNF‐neutralizing antibody reduced Dusp1 and Ptprs levels in AM from aged mice and reduced pneumonia severity following bacterial challenge. We conclude that chronic exposure to TNF increases the expression of the glucocorticoid‐associated MAPK signaling suppressors, Dusp1 and Ptprs, which inhibits AM activation and increases susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia in older adults.
Are subadult dispersers at high risk of mortality in translocated populations? A case study from a threatened mesopredator
Authors: Bilby Jack , Moseby Katherine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNatal dispersal and survival are the primary means of population expansion in reintroduction projects, but few projects intensively monitor the offspring of released individuals. Subadults may differ from adults in their susceptibility to threats or their habitat requirements which may require alternate management strategies. We investigated survival rates, habitat use and shelter site choice during natal dispersal in reintroduced western quolls (Dasyurus geoffroii). We compared data previously collected on the first cohort of subadults born to founders (n = 17) with subadults from an established cohort 6 years after release (n = 22). Subadult quolls were radiotracked after weaning to monitor survival and habitat use and the effects of sex and size on mortality, dispersal distance, habitat selection and shelter choice were investigated in the established cohort. We confirmed high survival with no confirmed deaths among the established cohort and only two confirmed deaths among F1 founders (12%) during the 26 weeks of monitoring. All individuals remained within the area where introduced predators, a key threat to quolls, were intensively managed through aerial baiting. Males dispersed significantly further than females, with consistent outward expansion of up to 13‐km and increased movement between shelter sites occurring between mid‐December and early‐February. During dispersal, both sexes displayed a similar preference for woodland habitats and avoidance of open areas to adult quolls. The founding cohort primarily used rabbit warrens as shelter sites, whereas the established cohort after release used more hollow logs and tree hollows. This change may indicate gradual selection towards these safer shelter sites and filial transfer of this preference to offspring. Monitoring subadult movement, mortality and habitat use is integral to determining population viability and the effectiveness of management actions in reintroduction programs.
The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the human skeletal muscle transcriptome
Authors: Flodin Johanna , Reitzner Stefan M. , Emanuelsson Eric B. , Sundberg Carl Johan , Ackermann Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe influence on acute skeletal muscle transcriptomics of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), as compared to established exercises, is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the effects on global mRNA‐expression in the quadriceps muscle early after a single NMES‐session, compared to the effects of voluntary knee extension exercise (EX), and to explore the discomfort level.MethodsGlobal vastus lateralis muscle gene expression was assessed (RNA‐sequencing) in 30 healthy participants, before and 3 h after a 30‐min session of NMES and/or EX. The NMES‐treatment was applied using textile electrodes integrated in pants and set to 20% of each participant's pre‐tested MVC mean (±SD) 200 (±80) Nm. Discomfort was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–10). The EX‐protocol was performed at 80% of 1‐repetition‐maximum.ResultsNMES at 20% of MVC resulted in VAS below 4 and induced 4448 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with 80%‐overlap of the 2571 DEGs of EX. Genes well‐known to be up‐regulated following exercise, for example, PPARGC1A, ABRA, VEGFA, and GDNF, were also up‐regulated by NMES. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated many common pathways after EX and NMES. Also, some pathways were exclusive to either EX, for example, muscle tissue proliferation, or to NMES, for example, neurite outgrowth and connective tissue proliferation.ConclusionA 30‐min NMES‐session at 20% of MVC with NMES‐pants, which can be applied with an acceptable level of discomfort, induces over 4000 DEGs, of which 80%‐overlap with DEGs of EX. NMES can induce exercise‐like molecular effects, that potentially can lead to health and performance benefits in individuals who are unable to perform resistance exercise.
Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in south Central Uganda: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Enriquez Rocio , Homsi Mahmoud , Ssekubugu Robert , Nabukalu Dorean , Zeebari Zangin , Marrone Gaetano , Gigante Bruna , Chang Larry W. , Reynolds Steven J. , Nalugoda Fred , Ekström Anna Mia , Hagström Hannes , Nordenstedt Helena 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundDespite numerous risk factors and serious consequences, little is known about metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at population level in Africa.AimThe aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD in people living with and without HIV in Uganda.MethodsWe collected data from 37 communities in South Central Uganda between May 2016 and May 2018. We estimated MASLD prevalence using the fatty liver index and advanced liver fibrosis using the dynamic aspartate‐to‐alanine aminotransferase ratio. We collected additional data on sociodemographics, HIV and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between HIV, CVD risk factors and MASLD.ResultsWe included 759 people with HIV and 704 HIV‐negative participants aged 35–49. MASLD prevalence was 14% in women and 8% in men; advanced liver fibrosis prevalence was estimated to be <1%. MASLD prevalence was more common in women (15% vs. 13%) and men (9% vs. 6%) with HIV. Being female (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–3.3) was associated with a higher odds of MASLD after adjustment for confounders; HIV infection was borderline associated with MASLD (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–2.0).ConclusionsIn a relatively young cohort in Uganda, 14% of women and 8% of men had MASLD. There was an indication of an association between HIV and MASLD in multivariable analysis. These data are the first to describe the population‐level burden of MASLD in sub‐Saharan Africa using data from a population‐based cohort.
Initial surgical management of sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: Guidelines based optimal care ‐ A systematic review
Authors: Cohen Oded , Tzelnick Sharon , Randolph Gregory , Rinaldo Alessandra , Álvarez Fernando , Rodrigo Juan P. , Saba Nabil F. , Nuyts Sandra , Corry June , Mäkitie Antti A. , Vander Poorten Vincent , Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Piazza Cesare , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor from parafollicular cells that produce calcitonin (Ct). Despite several existing guidelines for the surgical management of sporadic MTC (sMTC), optimal initial surgical management of the thyroid, the central and the lateral neck remains a matter of debate.MethodsA systematic review in PubMed and Scopus for current guidelines addressing the surgical management of sMTC and its referenced citations was conducted as per the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsTwo‐hundred and one articles were identified, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, guidelines vary significantly in their recommendations for the surgical management of sMTC. Only one guideline recommended partial thyroidectomy for limited disease, but the possibility to avoid completion thyroidectomy in selected cases is acknowledged in 42% (3/7) of the remaining guidelines. The majority of guidelines (71.4%; 5/7) recommended prophylactic central neck dissection (CND) for all patients while the remaining two guidelines recommended CND based on Ct level and tumor size. The role of prophylactic lateral neck dissection based on preoperative Ct levels was recommended by 42% (3/7) of guidelines. Overall, these guidelines are based on low‐quality evidence, mostly single‐center retrospective series, some of which are over 20 years old.ConclusionCurrent surgical management guidelines of sMTC should be revised, and ought to be based on updated data challenging current recommendations, which are based on historic, low‐quality evidence. Partial thyroidectomy may become a viable option for small, limited tumors. Prospective, multi‐center studies may be useful to conclude whether prophylactic ND is necessary in all sMTC patients.
The severity assessment of Parkinson's disease based on plasma inflammatory factors and third ventricle width by transcranial sonography
Authors: Lu Yue , Dong Wenwen , Xue Xingya , Sun Jian , Yan Jiuqi , Wei Xiang , Chang Lei , Zhao Liang , Luo Bei , Qiu Chang , Zhang Wenbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPredicting Parkinson's disease (PD) can provide patients with targeted therapies. However, disease severity can be roughly evaluated in clinical practice based on the patient's symptoms and signs.ObjectiveThe current study attempted to explore the factors linked with PD severity and construct a predictive model.MethodThe PD patients and healthy controls were recruited from our study center while recording their basic demographic information. The serum inflammatory markers levels, such as Cystatin C (Cys C), C‐reactive protein (CRP), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were determined for all the participants. PD patients were categorized into early and mid‐advanced groups based on the Hoehn and Yahr (H‐Y) scale and evaluated using PD‐related scales. LASSO logistic regression analysis (Model C) helped select variables based on clinical scale evaluations, serum inflammatory factor levels, and transcranial sonography measurements. The optimal harmonious model coefficient λ was determined via 10‐fold cross‐validation. Moreover, Model C was compared with multivariate (Model A) and stepwise (Model B) logistic regression. The area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operator characteristic (ROC), brier score, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) helped determine the discrimination and calibration of the predictive model, followed by configuring a forest plot and column chart.ResultsThe study included 113 healthy individuals and 102 PD patients, with 26 early and 76 mid‐advanced patients. Univariate analysis of variance screened out statistically significant differences among inflammatory markers Cys C and RANTES. The average Cys C level in the mid‐advanced stage was significantly higher than in the early stage (p < 0.001) but not for RANTES (p = 0.740). The LASSO logistic regression model (λ.1se = 0.061) associated with UPDRS‐I, UPDRS‐II, UPDRS‐III, HAMA, PDQ‐39, and Cys C as the included independent variables revealed that the Model C discrimination and calibration (AUC = 0.968, Brier = 0.049) were superior to Model A (AUC = 0.926, Brier = 0.079) and Model B (AUC = 0.929, Brier = 0.071) models.ConclusionThe study results show multiple factors are linked with PD assessment. Moreover, the inflammatory marker Cys C and transcranial sonography measurement could objectively predict PD symptom severity, helping doctors monitor PD evolution in patients while targeting interventions.
Application of the integrated threat theory to conservation law enforcement
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Ghasemi Benjamin , Ahmadpour Mohsen , Soufi Mobin , Islami Iman , Eckert Alaina , Arabi Mohammad Hossein Gorjian , Qashqaei Ali T. , Selyari Javad , Nasirahmadi Kamran , Kamp Johannes , Waltert Matthias , Addison Jane , Pavey Chris R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInteractions between law enforcement agents in conservation (e.g., rangers) and illegal resource users (e.g., illegal hunters) can be violent and sometimes fatal, which negatively affects conservation efforts and people's well‐being. Models from social psychology, such as integrated threat theory (ITT) (intergroup interactions shape intergroup emotions, prejudices and perceived threats leading to hostile attitudes or behaviors between groups), are useful in addressing such interactions. Conservation approaches relying mainly on law enforcement have never been investigated using this framework. Using a structured questionnaire, we collected data from 282 rangers in protected and unprotected areas (n = 50) in northern Iran. We applied Bayesian structural equation modeling in an assessment of rangers’ affective attitudes (i.e., emotions or feelings that shape attitudes toward a person or object) toward illegal hunters in an ITT framework. Rangers’ positive perceptions of illegal hunters were negatively associated with intergroup anxiety (emotional response to fear) and negative stereotypes about a hunter's personality, which mediated the relationship between negative contact and affective attitudes. This suggests that negative contact, such as verbal abuse, may lead rangers to perceive illegal hunters as arrogant or cruel, which likely forms a basis for perceived threats. Rangers’ positive contact with illegal hunters, such as playing or working together, likely lowered their perceived realistic threats (i.e., fear of property damage). Perceived realistic threats of rangers were positively associated with negative contacts (e.g., physical harm). The associations we identified suggest that relationships based on positive interactions between rangers and illegal hunters can reduce fear and prejudice. Thus, we suggest that rangers and hunters be provided with safe spaces to have positive interactions, which may help lower tension and develop cooperative conservation mechanisms.
Loss of species and functions in a deforested megadiverse tropical forest
Authors: Fuzessy Lisieux , Pavoine Sandrine , Cardador Laura , Maspons Joan , Sol Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTropical species richness is threatened by habitat degradation associated with land‐use conversion, yet the consequences for functional diversity remain little understood. Progress has been hindered by difficulties in obtaining comprehensive species‐level trait information to characterize entire assemblages and insufficient appreciation that increasing land‐cover heterogeneity potentially compensates for species loss. We examined the impacts of tropical deforestation associated with land‐use heterogeneity on bird species richness, functional redundancy, functional diversity, and associated components (i.e., alpha diversity, species dissimilarity, and interaction strength of the relationship between abundance and functional dissimilarity). We analyzed over 200 georeferenced bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We characterized the functional role of the species of each assemblage and modeled biodiversity metrics as a function of forest cover and land‐cover heterogeneity. Replacement of native Atlantic Forest with a mosaic of land uses (e.g., agriculture, pastures, and urbanization) reduced bird species richness in a nonrandom way. Core forest species, or species considered sensitive to edges, tended to be absent in communities in heterogenous environments. Overall, functional diversity and functional redundancy of bird species were not affected by forest loss. However, birds in highly heterogenous habitats were functionally distinct from birds in forest, suggesting a shift in community composition toward mosaic‐exclusive species led by land‐cover heterogeneity. Threatened species of the Atlantic Forest did not seem to tolerate degraded and heterogeneous environments; they remained primarily in areas with large forest tracts. Our results shed light on the complex effects of native forest transformation to mosaics of anthropogenic landscapes and emphasize the importance of considering the effects of deforestation and land‐use heterogeneity when assessing deforestation effects on Neotropical biodiversity.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of acute diverticulitis in patients with transplanted kidneys
Authors: Nantais Jordan , Baxter Nancy N. , Saskin Refik , Calzavara Andrew , Gomez David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe safety of nonoperative treatment for patients with transplanted kidneys who develop acute diverticulitis is unclear. Our primary aim was to examine the long‐term sequelae of nonoperative management in this group.MethodWe performed a population‐based retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases housed at ICES in Ontario, Canada. We included adult (≥18 years) patients admitted with acute diverticulitis between April 2002 and December 2019. Patients with a functioning kidney transplant were compared with those without a transplant. The primary outcome was failure of conservative management (operation, drainage procedure or death due to acute diverticulitis) beyond 30 days. The cumulative incidence function and a Fine–Grey subdistribution hazard model were used to evaluate this outcome accounting for competing risks.ResultsWe examined 165 patients with transplanted kidneys and 74 095 without. Patients with transplanted kidneys were managed conservatively 81% of the time at the index event versus 86% in nontransplant patients. Short‐term outcomes were comparable, but cumulative failure of conservative management at 5 years occurred in 5.6% (95% CI 2.3%–11.1%) of patients with transplanted kidneys versus 2.1% (95% CI 2.0%–2.3%) in those without. Readmission for acute diverticulitis was also higher in transplanted patients at 5 years at 16.7% (95% CI 10.1%–24.7%) versus 11.6% (95% CI 11.3%–11.9%). Adjusted analyses showed increased failure of conservative management [subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 3.24, 95% CI 1.69–6.22] and readmissions (sHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02–2.36) for patients with transplanted kidneys.ConclusionMost patients with transplanted kidneys are managed conservatively for acute diverticulitis. Although long‐term readmission and failure of conservative management is higher for this group than the nontransplant population, serious outcomes are infrequent, substantiating the safety of this approach.
Feralization: A threat to conservation of wild reindeer
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Flagstad Øystein , Strand Olav 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConservation reintroduction is an increasingly applied tool for population restoration. The choice of source population is important from a conservation genetic perspective, but there is ambiguity in IUCN policies surrounding reintroductions from (semi‐)domestic sources. After the depopulation of an entire wild reindeer population due to detection of chronic wasting disease in Norway, the plan is to re‐establish reindeer after years of fallowing. Establishing wild reindeer has become challenging due to arguments for disease control favoring a semidomestic origin of the reintroduced stock. Selection is strong during domestication, and feralization does not lead to a full reversal towards wild traits. From a conservation perspective, we advocate future guidelines to include a ranking when wild, captive, semidomestic, and domestic stocks are available for reintroductions, in order to avoid feralization whenever possible during reintroductions and rewilding efforts.