bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generative adversarial network-based synthesis of contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images for predicting histological characteristics in breast cancer
Authors: Fan Ming , Cao Xuan , Lü Fuqing , Xie Sangma , Yu Zhou , Chen Yuanlin , Lü Zhong , Li Lihua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a sensitive tool for assessing breast cancer by analyzing tumor blood flow, but it requires gadolinium-based contrast agents, which carry risks such as brain retention and astrocyte migration. Contrast-free MRI is thus preferable for patients with renal impairment or who are pregnant. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of generating contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images and to evaluate the potential use of synthetic images in diagnosing breast cancer. Approach. This retrospective study included 322 women with invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative DCE-MRI. A generative adversarial network (GAN) based postcontrast image synthesis (GANPIS) model with perceptual loss was proposed to generate contrast-enhanced MR images from precontrast images. The quality of the synthesized images was evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM). The diagnostic performance of the generated images was assessed using a convolutional neural network to predict Ki-67, luminal A and histological grade with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The patients were divided into training (n = 200), validation (n = 60), and testing sets (n = 62). Main results. Quantitative analysis revealed strong agreement between the generated and real postcontrast images in the test set, with PSNR and SSIM values of 36.210 ± 2.670 and 0.988 ± 0.006, respectively. The generated postcontrast images achieved AUCs of 0.918 ± 0.018, 0.842 ± 0.028 and 0.815 ± 0.019 for predicting the Ki-67 expression level, histological grade, and luminal A subtype, respectively. These results showed a significant improvement compared to the use of precontrast images alone, which achieved AUCs of 0.764 ± 0.031, 0.741 ± 0.035, and 0.797 ± 0.021, respectively. Significance. This study proposed a GAN-based MR image synthesis method for breast cancer that aims to generate postcontrast images from precontrast images, allowing the use of contrast-free images to simulate kinetic features for improved diagnosis.
CT respiratory motion synthesis using joint supervised and adversarial learning
Authors: Cao Y-H , Bourbonne V , Lucia F , Schick U , Bert J , Jaouen V , Visvikis D 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging consists in reconstructing a CT acquisition into multiple phases to track internal organ and tumor motion. It is commonly used in radiotherapy treatment planning to establish planning target volumes. However, 4DCT increases protocol complexity, may not align with patient breathing during treatment, and lead to higher radiation delivery. Approach. In this study, we propose a deep synthesis method to generate pseudo respiratory CT phases from static images for motion-aware treatment planning. The model produces patient-specific deformation vector fields (DVFs) by conditioning synthesis on external patient surface-based estimation, mimicking respiratory monitoring devices. A key methodological contribution is to encourage DVF realism through supervised DVF training while using an adversarial term jointly not only on the warped image but also on the magnitude of the DVF itself. This way, we avoid excessive smoothness typically obtained through deep unsupervised learning, and encourage correlations with the respiratory amplitude. Main results. Performance is evaluated using real 4DCT acquisitions with smaller tumor volumes than previously reported. Results demonstrate for the first time that the generated pseudo-respiratory CT phases can capture organ and tumor motion with similar accuracy to repeated 4DCT scans of the same patient. Mean inter-scans tumor center-of-mass distances and Dice similarity coefficients were 1.97 mm and 0.63, respectively, for real 4DCT phases and 2.35 mm and 0.71 for synthetic phases, and compares favorably to a state-of-the-art technique (RMSim). Significance. This study presents a deep image synthesis method that addresses the limitations of conventional 4DCT by generating pseudo-respiratory CT phases from static images. Although further studies are needed to assess the dosimetric impact of the proposed method, this approach has the potential to reduce radiation exposure in radiotherapy treatment planning while maintaining accurate motion representation. Our training and testing code can be found at https://github.com/cyiheng/Dynagan.
Self-healing properties of mortar with crystalline admixture: experimental investigation and parameter optimization
Authors: Liu Baoju , Liang Yajun , Jiang Junyi , Shi Jinyan , Yalçınkaya Çağlar , Ashour Ashraf 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The inclusion of crystalline admixture (CA) is a highly effective method for enhancing the self-healing properties of mortar. This study examined the complexing abilities of different complexing agents under varying temperatures, pH levels, and ion species in order to select effective complexing agents for diverse environments, as complexing agents play a crucial role in CAs. After determining the type of complexing agent, an orthogonal array design was used to optimize the components of CA, and the strengthening mechanism of CA for mortar was discussed through microstructure analysis. The results showed that the complexation behavior of triethanolamine (TEA) and glycine performed better than sodium citrate for different pH levels, temperatures, and ion species. Meanwhile, TEA and glycine showed complementarity at different stages, so TEA and glycine were used as complexing agents in this study. Based on the orthogonal experiment, the optimal contents of Na2SiO3, Na2CO3, TEA, glycine, Ca(COOH)2, and nano-SiO2 in CA were determined to be 1.0%, 1.0%, 0.04%, 1.0%, 0.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. Under the synergistic effect of TEA and glycine, the hydration of aluminate and ferrialuminate was accelerated, and the hydration degree of cement paste was increased. At 28 d, the contents of CaCO3, calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel, and ettringite of cement paste with CA were higher than these of plain paste, but its Ca(OH)2 content was lower. Although the Ca(OH)2 content in the cement paste with CA was lower, the Ca(OH)2 crystal structure filled in the pores was larger. Therefore, the mortar mixed with CA exhibited higher compressive strength, water impermeability, and self-healing ability.
Thermal stress estimation of a constrained metallic plate using symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb wave group velocities
Authors: Azad Ali , Kang Myung Soo , Lee Changgil , An Yun-Kyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a technique for estimating thermal-induced stress in constrained metallic plates using the group velocity of Lamb waves, the accuracy of which is crucial for assessing the structural integrity and serviceability of metallic structures. However, without the ability to gauge the current stress levels, obtaining such measurements is technically challenging. To overcome this, we propose a thermal stress estimation technique that uses changes in the group velocities of the fundamental symmetric (S0) and antisymmetric (A0) Lamb wave modes caused by thermal and stress variations. First, this study introduces a theoretical-based zero-crossing algorithm to measure the group velocities of S0 and A0 Lamb wave modes. Next, leveraging the acoustoelastic coefficients corresponding to the S0 and A0 modes, which are determined before the plate’s installation, this study generates the lines depicting the changes in group velocity induced by temperature variations (CT) for both the S0 and A0 modes. These CT lines are derived from the lines illustrating changes in group velocity due to thermal stress variations (CTS), which are obtained after plate installation. Ultimately, the generated CT lines can be used to estimate thermal stress throughout the entirety of the plate’s operational life span by isolating the distinct stress variation effects from the CTS lines. The numerical validation results show favorable accuracy in thermal stress estimation in a constrained plate subjected to temperature variation using both S0 and A0 Lamb wave modes, with average errors of 0.63 % and 0.91 %, respectively.
Thermo-rheological improvement of magnetorheological foam with the addition of silica nanoparticles
Authors: Mohamed Khaidir Rahayu Emilia , Nordin Nur Azmah , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Ubaidillah Ubaidillah , Rahman Hamimah Abd , Marzuki Ainaa Amirah , Wahab Siti Aisyah Abdul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) foam has become a potential soft robotic gripper-based material that can provide a better grasping force and handling objects due to its ability in varying stiffness in correspond to applied magnetic fields. However, MR foams are facing degradation issue that may reduce the storage modulus when often exposed to thermal exposure from the operating system of a device. Therefore, this study focuses on improving the storage modulus and simultaneously enhancing the thermal properties of MR foam. Hence, silica nanoparticles were introduced as an additive to achieve the improvement target. MR foams were embedded with different concentrations of silica nanoparticles from 0 to 5 wt.%, and the corresponding rheological properties was examined under different temperature conditions from 25 °C to 65 °C. The results revealed that increasing temperatures have reduced the storage modulus of MR foams, however, the embedded silica has countered the drawbacks by strengthening the interfacial interactions between CIP-polyurethane foam matrix. In addition, the morphological characteristics of MR foams also showed less debris or peel-off PU foam with silica nanoparticles. Besides, the silica nanoparticles have delayed the thermal degradation of MR foam for approximately 30 °C.
Enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of sol-gel derived ZnS-rGO binary nanocomposite
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Sharma Aashish , Mishra Saurav , Surolia Praveen Kumar , Mukherjee Sanat Kumar , Misra Kamakhya Prakash , Samanta Susruta , Kabi Sanjib , Chattopadhyay Saikat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A facile chemical route of synthesis of ZnS-rGO binary nanocomposites is reported here. The efficacy of such nanocomposites as a photocatalyst in degrading the common pollutant dye such as Methylene blue (MB), has been thoroughly investigated and the underlying mechanism is also presented. The standard characterization methods were applied to understand the structure, bonding, morphology, optical and elemental compositions. The results indicated that the ZnS nanoparticles were well dispersed into the rGO nanosheets which due to their 2D sheet structure, served as a favourable template for growth and control of morphology. Increase in rGO amount showed a direct impact on particle size confirmed by XRD and Raman both. The synthesized nanocomposites were utilized as photocatalyst for the degradation of MB dyes under UV irradiation. The optimal combination of ZnS and rGO (in the ratio of 3:2) exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity. A higher rate constant of 7.01×10−3 min−1, and an approximate degradation efficiency of 75% were obtained after 90 min of degradation. The improvement in photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the enhancement in charge separation, suppressed recombination of electron–hole (e−–h+) carriers, and a possible longer electron lifetime due to the presence of higher amount of rGO. Here, rGO assisted the suppression of charge recombination process in ZnS-rGO and ignited hydroxyl radicals and super-oxide ions which further accelerated the degradation rate of dye. Based on the nature of the dye and its concentration, a significant amount of rGO was needed to maximize the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS-rGO binary nanocomposites. In addition, the dark current variation with applied bias was explored and it depicted a reduction in dark current with optimized amount of rGO in nanocomposite. The nanocomposites have a strong potential to be utilized in water purification and nano-detectors.
Fabrication of thin film solar cell based on CoO-CoS/P2-Amino-1-mercaptobenzene/polypyrrole with additional promising sensitivities to photons in a broad optical region
Authors: Madkhali Nawal , Rabia Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The production of a thin-film solar cell device, employing CoO-CoS/P2-Amino-1-mercaptobenzene/polypyrrole (CoO-CoS-P2AMB/Ppy), showcases enhanced sensitivity across a broad optical spectrum. This achievement is realized through a one-pot polymerization process involving 2-Amino-1-mercaptobenzene, Co(NO3)2, and K2S2O8. Notably, the polymerization reaction incorporates the inclusion of a Ppy seeding layer into the solution. To comprehensively characterize the synthesized materials, an array of analytical tools is employed. Subsequently, the CoO-CoS-P2AMB/Ppy device undergoes rigorous testing under diverse light conditions, including darkness, white light, and monochromatic light. These conditions aim to assess the device’s responsiveness to photons of varying energies, where the resulting current density (Jph) serves as an indicator of generated hot electrons and the overall efficiency of the fabricated device. At a potential of 2.0 V, the measured values for Jph and dark current (Jo) stand at 0.11 and 0.04 mA.cm−2, respectively. The solar cell characteristics are further evaluated through measured values for JSC (−0.01 μA.cm−2) and VOC (0.038 V), reflecting the device’s performance under solar testing conditions. In addition to its solar cell attributes, the device exhibits light-sensing behavior, quantified through calculated photoresponsivity (R) and detectivity (D) values. These values, obtained under various monochromatic lights, amount to 0.49 mA.W−1 and 1.1 × 108 Jones, respectively. The exceptional performance of the CoO-CoS-P2AMB/Ppy thin-film solar cell device, coupled with its light-sensing capabilities, positions the device as a promising candidate for commercial applications. Its potential extends to the fabrication of cost-effective thin-film sensing devices, presenting opportunities for widespread utilization in various industries.
Direct detection of nitrite and nitrate in water on three-dimensional composite surface-enhanced raman scattering substrate
Authors: Lai Chunhong , Wen Jing , Zhang Xiaolei , Chen Xianqin , Tang Hao , Xiang Jinhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of the low sensitivity of the direct detection of nitrite and nitrate in water using Raman spectroscopy, we propose a three-dimensional composite surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. In addition, this cysteamine/gold/cysteamine composite structure is self-assembled onto anodic aluminum oxide and has a three-dimensional porous structure. Experimental results determined that the substrate’s detection limits for nitrite and nitrate are 0.1 mg l−1 and 1 mg l−1, respectively. Moreover, these meet environmental groundwater quality class II (nitrite, ≤0.1 mg l−1) and class I (nitrate, ≤1 mg l−1), respectively. The relative standard deviations calculated for nitrite and nitrate were 6.19% and 4.93%, respectively. Furthermore, the SERS substrate achieved equivalent detection limits for mixed nitrite and nitrate solution compared to separate nitrite and nitrate solutions, albeit with a weaker Raman signal. Therefore, this SERS substrate is capable of the sensitive and rapid determination of nitrite and nitrate at low concentrations without any treatment.
Design of three-dimensional encryption algorithm for image based on improved 6th-order cellular neural network
Authors: Song Xiaoming , Li Guodong , He Ping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The chaotic trajectory of the traditional natural chaotic system and the single chaotic system is relatively simple, and the keyspace is small, resulting in low security, low complexity, and poor resistance to attacks based on traditional chaotic design encryption algorithms. This article first constructed a 6th-order cellular neural network hyperchaotic system based on the theory of a 6th-order cellular neural network. Then the Chaotic Sequence Enhancer (CSE) is constructed by using infinite folding mapping. We use CSE to improve our cellular neural network. Compared with the old system, the new system has a larger Lyapunov exponent, higher PE complexity values, and 0–1 test results. Then based on the new chaotic system, a three-dimensional encryption algorithm was designed. The algorithm rearranges the pixels of the image into cubes and performs scrambling and diffusion operations based on the cubes. While making the encryption effect better, the information entropy of the ciphertext image is also above 7.99, and the correlation between adjacent pixels is less than 0.1. At the same time, the encryption algorithm can better resist various corrosion attacks, and the original image can still be better decrypted even when the ciphertext image has received a 25% loss. The result of the NPCR and UACI test is close to the expected values of 99.61% and 33.46%. The ciphertext image produced by the algorithm can pass the NIST SP800-22 statistical tests. The results of various tests and experiments show that our proposed encryption algorithm has high initial value sensitivity, resistance to differential attacks, and resistance to cropping attacks, and has good application prospects in the field of image security.
Design of flexural wave bessel metasurface with resonant pillar-type metamaterials
Authors: Liu Yining , Dou Shuihai , Du Yanping , Zhao Liuxian , Sun Zhaoyong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we design a flexural wave Bessel metasurface with resonant pillars, which converts the flexural wave produced by a point into a Bessel beam. The refractive index is determined through the application of the generalized Snell’s law, subsequently discretized into pixel blocks. These blocks facilitate implementation via the use of metamaterial unit cells. The metasurface is realized by resonant pillar-type metamaterials, and composed of 41 different independent unit cells obtained by retrieving the energy bands. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed metasurface exhibits effective focusing for flexural wave. Additionally, the self-reconstruction effect of the Bessel metasurface is verified through the introduction of obstacles. This research provides a new perspective for the application of Bessel beam in the domain of flexural wave.
A compact circularly polarized dual port MIMO antenna with DGS and parasitic patch for modern wireless communication and IOT applications
Authors: Roges Rashmi , Sharma Sandeep , Malik Praveen Kumar , Islam Tanvir , Asha Sivaji , Das Sudipta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article proposes a broadband dual-port planar multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the lower sub-6 GHz band (1.67 GHz to 3.15 GHz) applications. The simple structure of the MIMO antenna system consists of a semi-annular ring-shaped patch with a covering cap-like structure connected with two symmetrical L-shaped structures. A partial ground with a rectangular mesh-like structure at the center is designed and the same rectangular mesh has been added as the parasitic element with the driven patch to attain circular polarization and enhanced isolation. The miniaturized dimensions of the two-port MIMO antenna system are 0.28 λ
0 × 0.54 λ
0. The suggested two-port MIMO antenna offers a wider impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 61.41% around the versatile resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz. The proposed MIMO also depicts a minimum isolation of 26 dB with an edge-to-edge spacing of 0.19 λ
0. An axial ratio bandwidth of 280 MHz is attained between 2.36 GHz and 2.64 GHz. The proposed antenna shows good IBW with excellent isolation, along with good radiation and MIMO diversity characteristics to operate at 2.4 GHz with circular polarization. The designed MIMO antenna can be utilized for IoT and modern mobile wireless applications as the broad bandwidth covers various IoT communication protocol frequencies such as 1.8 GHz (NB-IoT) and 2.4 GHz (Wireless LAN).
Controlled commutation modes in a switch based on HTS composites
Authors: Martirosian I V , Malyavina A Y , Pokrovskii S V , Rudnev I A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experimental studies of switching processes of high-temperature superconducting tapes under the action of a pulse current load of microsecond duration. The reversible, stable and irreversible switching of the superconductor to the normal state has been realized. To demonstrate the opportunity of controlled generation of transients in superconducting composites, the characteristics of a superconducting switch capable of cyclic switching between flux flow and ohmic modes with preservation of switching parameters were investigated. The characteristics of a superconducting switch have been calculated based on experimental results.
Construction of new wave structures and stability analysis for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation
Authors: Tariq Kalim U , Bekir Ahmet , Nisar Sana , Alp Murat 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation the relativistic equivalents of the nonlinear Schrödinger equations is presented which characterizes the connection between relativistic energy-momentum in a quantized manner. A variety of exact solutions are developed by employing the extended Fan sub-equation approach and the Sardar sub-equation method. The study includes three dimensional surface plots of some derived solutions like dark and bright solitary waves, kink solitary waves, anti-kink solitary waves, periodic solitary waves and hyperbolic functions, with several solutions being novel. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the observed solutions is also established to validate the scientific computations. The 3D, 2D and contour visualizations of the wave dynamics are demonstrated using Mathematica for a suitable choice of parameters. The applied strategies are recognized as a significant mathematical tool for obtaining analytical solutions to partial differential equations in mathematical physics.
Early Evolution of Spin Direction in Dark Matter Halos and the Effect of the Surrounding Large-scale Tidal Field*
†
Authors: López Pablo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is usually assumed that the angular momentum (AM) of dark matter halos arises during the linear stages of structure formation, as a consequence of the coupling between the proto-haloes’ shape and the tidal field produced by their surrounding density perturbations. This approach, known as linear tidal torque theory (TTT), has been shown to make fairly good predictions about the mean evolution of both the AM amplitude and orientation up to approximately the time when the proto-haloes collapse. After this point, proto-haloes are increasingly affected by nonlinear processes that are not taken into account by the model. However, it has been seen in numerical simulations that, even at very early stages, the AM of proto-haloes is systematically reoriented toward perpendicularity with respect to the forming cosmic filaments, in contradiction with the fixed direction expected from the TTT. In this work we present a novel analytical approach that introduces an anisotropic scaling factor to the standard TTT equations, which allows the AM orientation to change in time, even during the linear regime. The amplitude and direction of this shift depend on the large scale tidal field around the forming proto-haloes. Our results significantly improve the predictions for the AM direction up to the time of protohalo collapse and, in some cases, even further in time.