bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Mometasone Furoate Given Once Daily in the Evening on Lung Function and Symptom Control in Persistent Asthma
Authors: Karpel Jill P , Busse William W , Noonan Michael J , Monahan Mary Ellen , Lutsky Barry , Staudinger Heribert 
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND The chronobiology of asthma suggests that, for once-daily dosing, an evening dose may be the most effective treatment paradigm. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate dry powder inhaler (MF-DPI) administered once daily in the evening or twice daily in patients with asthma previously maintained on twice-daily regimens of inhaled corticosteroids. METHODS In this 12-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial, 268 subjects ≥12 years of age with inhaled corticosteroid–dependent asthma and baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between 50% and 85% of predicted were randomized to receive treatment with MF-DPI 400 μg once daily in the evening, MF-DPI 200 μg twice daily, or placebo. The primary efficacy variable was mean change in FEV1 from baseline to endpoint. Other lung function measures, asthma symptoms, quality of life, and rescue medication use also were assessed. RESULTS At endpoint, mean FEV1 was significantly improved with both MF-DPI doses compared with placebo (p < 0.001). The 2 active treatment groups were statistically indistinguishable from each other. Secondary efficacy variables, including nocturnal awakenings, asthma worsenings, quality of life, and rescue medication use, were also significantly improved for both MF-DPI treatments compared with placebo. Both dosages were well tolerated; no clinically meaningful changes in laboratory values or vital signs were observed. CONCLUSIONS MF-DPI 400 μg once daily in the evening was as effective as MF-DPI 200 μg twice daily in improving pulmonary function, asthma symptoms, and quality of life compared with placebo in subjects previously using twice-daily regimens of an inhaled corticosteroid.
An RF Linear Decelerator Mass Spectrometer
Authors: Donner Walter 
Published: November 2005

An RF Linear Decelerator Mass Spectrometer is described, featuring resolution to mass 100. Ions are formed by electron impact in a somewhat conventional ion chamber, utilizing an electron beam at right angles to the ion beam, temperature regulation and pressure differential for high signal to back ground ratio. All of the ions are then accelerated through 2500 volts, collimated, and then passed through a series of 24 RF gaps, spaced such that the preferred (or resonant) particles are decelerated by an amount equal to the RMS value of the RF voltage at each gap, all other particles emitting from the RF analyzer with correspondingly higher energies. The resultant “energy dispersed” beam is then separated in an electrostatic deflection system, the preferred (lowest energy) beam being collected in a Faraday bucket, and observed on a vibrating reed electrometer. A linear mass scan is achieved by varying the frequency applied to the gaps.
Transport methods as complementary tools for speciation purposes
Authors: Fourest B. , Sladkov V. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Transport methods, and especially capillary electrophoresis, are shown to bring with a high simplicity and efficiency useful complementary data to solve some speciation problems. Their application in this aim is particularly interesting in the case of actinides or solutions resulting from the radioactive waste management. In the present article, three examples are proposed to illustrate this point. In the first one, the open-end capillary method is applied to point out the hydrolyzed species of Pa(V) over a wide pH range. The difficulties overcome in this case are related to the very low concentration and specific properties of the element under consideration. The second illustration concerns the complexation of uranyl by the anionic forms of some long-lived fission products (MOx
n−, with M = I and Se). For the study of these systems, capillary electrophoresis appears to be a method particularly simple and efficient. The last example deals with the quantification of selenate and selenite ions in the presence of nitrate. Capillary electrophoresis is found to be especially appropriate to the simultaneous determination of these two anionic species in such media.
Preliminary speciation study of Co(II)-citrate system by ion pairing-reversed phase chromatography coupled to UV detector
Authors: Bresson C. , Bion Lionel , Moulin Christophe , Lamouroux C. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThis paper describes the ability of ion pairing-reversed phase chromatography coupled to UV detector to determine an experimental speciation of cobalt in the binary Co(II)-citrate system. A method has been developed to investigate aqueous Co(II)-citrate samples at physiological pH as a function of time, by varying metal-to-ligand ratios, concentration and temperature. Solid 1:1 dimeric and 1:2 monomeric Co(II)-citrate complexes previously described have been synthesised and their analysis by IP-RPC-UV allowed the assignation of the solution state separated species. In solution state and at Co(II) concentration of 5×10-2M, 1:2 Co(II)-citrate monomeric species are predominant forms, while 1:1 mono and dimeric complexes are the minor species. At Co(II) concentration lower than 5 mM, only species of 1:1 stoichiometry are involved in the aqueous cobalt distribution. The monitoring of the formed species as a function of time allows highlighting the high inertness of this system. At low concentration ranges, electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry experiments were carried out to support the chromatographic data. This study is the first one establishing a link among synthetic cobalt-citrate complexes and species existing in solution.
Plutonium speciation affected by environmental bacteria
Authors: Neu Mary P. , Icopini Gary A. , Boukhalfa Hakim 
Published: November 2005

SummaryPlutonium has no known biological utility, yet it has the potential to interact with bacterial cellular and extracellular structures that contain metal-binding groups, to interfere with the uptake and utilization of essential elements, and to alter cell metabolism. These interactions can transform plutonium from its most common forms, solid, mineral-adsorbed, or colloidal Pu(IV), to a variety of biogeochemical species that have much different physico-chemical properties. Organic acids that are extruded products of cell metabolism can solubilize plutonium and then enhance its environmental mobility, or in some cases facilitate plutonium transfer into cells. Phosphate- and carboxylate-rich polymers associated with cell walls can bind plutonium to form mobile biocolloids or Pu-laden biofilm/mineral solids. Bacterial membranes, proteins or redox agents can produce strongly reducing electrochemical zones and generate molecular Pu(III/IV) species or oxide particles. Alternatively, they can oxidize plutonium to form soluble Pu(V) or Pu(VI) complexes. This paper reviews research on plutonium-bacteria interactions and closely related studies on the biotransformation of uranium and other metals.
Target dependence of beryllium fragment production in neutron- and alpha-induced nuclear reactions at intermediate energies
Authors: Matsumura Hiroshi , Sanami Toshiya , Masumoto Kazuyoshi , Nakao Noriaki , Toyoda Akihiro , Kawai Masayoshi , Aze Takahiro , Nagai Hisao , Takada Masashi , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThe yields of7Be fromnatC,27Al,natCu,natAg and197Au targets and10Be fromnatCu,natAg and197Au targets in alpha- (400 MeV) and neutron- (maximum end-point energy,E0= 500 MeV) induced reactions were measured in order to compare them with the photonuclear-reaction yields atE0= 1000 MeV. The target-mass dependences of the yields of7Be and10Be showed very similar trends among alpha-, neutron-, and photon-induced reactions. The fragmentation yields of7Be decreased more slowly, and those of10Be increased gradually with an increase in the target mass; both yields intersected at an approximate target mass of 125. The exponential increase in the fragmentation-yield ratios of10Be to7Be with an increase in the neutron-to-proton ratio of the targets suggests that pre-formation of the fragments inside the excited nuclei is strongly influenced by the target properties, such asN/Z. Furthermore, the effect of the incident particle was clearly observed in the yield ratios of10Be to7Be from the Cu and Ag targets.
Highly-pure radioisotopes for life science researches produced at the FLNR JINR accelerators
Authors: Dmitriev S. N. , Zaitseva N. G. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
A short review of recent data concerning development of production methods of some radioisotopes at FLNR JINR (Dubna) is presented. Nuclear reactions, targets, yields and radiochemical separation procedures for production of highly-pure radionuclides are given.
Synthesis of 18F-labeled acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleosides intended for monitoring gene expression
Authors: Grote M. , Noll Bernhard , Noll St. 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Non-invasive imaging of genes which are introduced into cells is a useful method for gene therapy monitoring. The labeling of acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives with fluorine-18 required for the HSV-1 tk imaging approach with positron emission tomography (PET) is described. The methoxytritylated and tosylated precursors were radiolabeled using a K[18F]F/kryptofix 2.2.2™ complex, followed by removal of the protecting groups under acidic conditions and HPLC purification. The radiochemical yields of the 18F-tracers amount to 5–15% (decay corrected) after a synthesis time of 85–95 min; the radiochemical purity was >98% with an average specific activity of 19 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis.
Tumor cell and tumor vasculature targeted liposomes for neutron capture therapy
Authors: Krijger Gerard C. , Fretz Marjan M. , Woroniecka Ula D. , Steinebach Olav M. , Jiskoot Wim , Storm Gert , Koning Gerben A. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryTreatment of cancer using boron neutron capture therapy requires the specific accumulation of a relatively high concentration of10B into tumor cells or tumor vasculature. In this paper, targeted liposomes were evaluated as carriers of10B for this purpose. Na210B12H12was successfully encapsulated into liposomes and relatively high amounts of10B could be targeted to ovarian carcinoma cells (OVCAR-3) and endothelial cells (HUVEC). This was achieved by coupling a monoclonal antibody or an RGD peptide to the liposomes. The results suggest that targeted liposomes could meet the requirements of successful neutron capture therapy in the near future.
Sorption of99MoO42-ions on commercial hydrotalcites
Authors: Serrano J. , González H. , López H. , Aranda N. , Granados F. , Bulbulian S. 
Published: November 2005

Summary99MoO42-sorption behavior on 3 commercial hydrotalcites, produced by Sasol Chemie, was studied through batch experiments. Only one of them showed high sorption capacity. This product, the MG70 was identified by XRD diffraction analysis as hydrotalcite (Mg6Al2(OH)16CO3·4H2O), while the other two, MG50 and MG30, were identified mainly as magnesium aluminum hydroxide hydrate, MgAl2(OH)14·3H2O. Calcined MG70 (CMG70) was used to retain about 298.17±8.3 mg of99MoMoO42-(MG70-99MoO4). When this material was packed in a glass column, the generated99mTc was eluted by using NaCl or HNO3aqueous solutions. Saline solutions eluted99mTc with considerable amounts of99Mo while 0.1 M HNO3eluted99mTc together with a such small amount of99Mo that the99Mo μCi/99mTc mCi ratios are close to the value recommended by the American Pharmacopeia.
Liquid–liquid distribution studies on moderately labile metal chelates. Kinetics of hydrolysis of tris(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)thallium(III)
Authors: Narbutt Jerzy , Krejzler Jadwiga 
Published: November 2005

Summary
Kinetics of hydrolysis of tris(thenoyltrifluoroacetonate)thallium(III) in water was studied by back extraction of this moderately labile metal chelate, labelled with 204Tl, from a water-immiscible organic solvent to aqueous solutions. A function of the distribution ratio of the metal was derived, which linearly depended on time after reaching quasi-equilibrium of chelate partition. Its extrapolation to zero time made it possible to evaluate the partition constant of the chelate. The rate constant of its hydrolysis was determined from the slope. The dependence of the rate constant on pH and on the ligand concentration shows that both acid and base hydrolysis of the chelate studied took place. The approach used can be helpful for determining partition constants of moderately labile metal complexes and the lability of the complexes in aqueous solutions.
Determination of heavy metals in aerosol fractions of different particle sizes from the healing gallery of Badgastein (Austria)
Authors: Wallner Gabriele , Berner Axel 
Published: November 2005

Summary
In the Badgastein healing gallery aerosol fractions were collected with an 8-stage cascade impactor device. The Fe, Cr, Zn, Co and Sc concentrations were measured by INAA. The values found for Fe, Cr and Co and especially their increase with particle size in the coarse aerosol mode indicated their origin by mechanical grinding of the gallery train tracks or old metal wall brackets. Metal ratios derived from irradiation of a gallery rock sample as well as from wipe tests from the tracks and floor supported these findings. Fe2O3 contents in the particles >1 μm were 19% (1–2 μm) and 70% (2–4 μm); however, also in the impactor stages covering the accumulation mode the rust content was between 1.7 and 5.1%. As these numbers clearly succeeded the Fe content of the rock sample, the Fe origin (as well as the origin of Cr and Co) presumably was again in the tracks and wall brackets; for the metal loads of the smaller aerosol fractions chemical weathering in the mine atmosphere might be the predominant process. Zn was mainly found in the fine particles; it probably had corroded from the zinc coatings of the gallery train.
Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Myxobolus cerebralis Infection on Growth, Reproduction, and Survival of Tubifex tubifex Lineages
Authors: DuBey Robert , Caldwell Colleen , Gould William R. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Tubifex tubifex is the definitive host for Myxobolus cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease in salmonid fish. Several mitochondrial lineages of T. tubifex exhibit resistance to M. cerebralis infection. Release of the triactinomyxon form of the parasite from T. tubifex varies with water temperature; however, little is known about the interactive effects of temperature and photoperiod on the susceptibility of T. tubifex lineages to M. cerebralis infection. In addition, the environmental effects on the growth, reproduction, and survival of T. tubifex lineages are unknown. Monocultures of lineages III and VI were subjected to infection (0 and 500 myxospores per worm), a range of temperatures (5, 17, and 27°C), and various diurnal photoperiods (12:12, 14:10, and 16:8 dark: light) over a 70-d period by using a split–split plot experimental design. Lineage VI resisted infection by M. cerebralis at all temperatures, whereas lineage III exhibited infection levels of 4.3% at 5°C, 3.3% at 17°C, and 0% at 27°C. Lineage VI exhibited significantly higher adult survival, weighed more initially, gained more weight, and had higher natality (production of immature tubificids) than did lineage III regardless of temperature, photoperiod, or infection treatment. There was no detectable effect of lineage, infection, or photoperiod on cysting. Both lineages III and VI cysted at 5°C but not at 17°C or 27°C. Competition between lineage VI and other lineages for resources may serve to decrease the overall infection levels among T. tubifex populations, thereby reducing both triactinomyxon production and the occurrence of whirling disease among susceptible salmonids.
Interdam Movements and Passage Attraction of American Shad in the Lower Merrimack River Main Stem
Authors: Sprankle Kenneth 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In May and June of 2002, 72 adult American shad Alosa sapidissima were internally radio-tagged on four dates and were monitored in the Merrimack River, Massachusetts, between Essex Dam (first main-stem dam above the Atlantic Ocean) and Pawtucket Dam (second main-stem dam), a distance of 22 kilometers. From 1989 to 2001, the number of American shad that passed Pawtucket Dam via the Boott Station fish lift and fish ladder averaged 17% of the number that passed Essex Dam. The objectives of the study were to (1) determine the number of tagged American shad that pass Essex Dam and reach the Boott Station tailrace and (2) monitor American shad movements between Essex and Pawtucket dams. Three stationary receivers and one mobile receiver were used to track fish over a 2-month period. Sixty-five tagged fish were deemed healthy after release from the Essex Dam fish lift. From this group, 43 fish (66%) reached the pool immediately downstream of the Boott Station tailrace and 36 fish (55%) entered the tailrace. The median travel time for tagged fish that reached the tailrace was 41.5 h (range = 14.5–365.0 h). Four radio-tagged American shad (6% of 65 fish) versus an estimated 5,283 untagged American shad (10% of 54,450 fish that passed Essex Dam) passed through the Boott Station fish lift in 2002. These results indicate that American shad passage efficiency at the Boott Station fish lift needs improvement to achieve full American shad restoration upstream of the Pawtucket Dam. The extent of structural or operational measures necessary to improve American shad passage rates should be examined and evaluated.
Stock Identification of Walleye via Otolith Chemistry in the Eleven Point River, Arkansas
Authors: Bickford Nate , Hannigan Robyn 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Otolith chemistry was used to identify two hatchery stocks (Missouri State Hatchery and Arkansas Federal Hatchery) and a possible wild stock of walleye Sander vitreus in the Eleven Point River in northeastern Arkansas. Previous population estimates by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission using traditional tag-and-release techniques failed to identify the relative survival of these stocks or their spatial and temporal persistence. Using chemical analysis of otoliths combined with a priori knowledge of the hatchery source, we identified otolith chemical signatures unique to each stock. We collected 51 walleyes that bore the physical tag of a known hatchery, along with 46 nontagged walleyes. The efficacy of otolith chemistry in classifying walleyes to known stocks was assessed by analyzing unknowns via discriminant function analysis. Fish were classified to their respective stocks based on otolith chemistry, and 92% were assigned to known stocks. Fishery managers can assess the persistence of individual stocks and the success rates of stocking practices in riverine systems using this technique.
Understanding the Significance of Redd Counts: A Comparison between Two Methods for Estimating the Abundance of and Monitoring Bull Trout Populations
Authors: Al-Chokhachy Robert , Budy Phaedra , Schaller Howard 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
For salmonids that exhibit multiple life history forms within a single population, it may be necessary to evaluate the inconsistencies associated with population monitoring techniques. We compared mark– resight population estimates with those based on annual redd counts for bull trout Salvelinus confluentus in eastern Oregon. Our data suggest that across years, the trends in population estimates based on expanded redd count data and those based on the mark–resight method may be similar within basins. Across basins, however, there appear to be inconsistencies between mark–resight population estimates for different size-classes of bull trout and the expanded redd count data. In some systems, only the larger, potentially migratory fish are represented in redd counts, whereas in others some combination of small resident and large, potentially migratory fish is represented. The disparity between redd counts and population estimates for the reproductive population suggests that caution be invoked when choosing the monitoring techniques used to set recovery or monitoring goals for bull trout populations.
Fatigue In Bulk Lead Zirconate Titanate Actuator Materials
Authors: Lupascu D. , Rödel J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFatigue in ferroelectric ceramics is the gradual change of material properties with cyclic loading. It is caused by microscopic material modifications of mechanical or electrical origin. Due to the electromechanical coupling, both mechanisms can yield similar or even identical changes in properties. Macroscopically, a reduction of switchable polarization is anticipated and asymmetries in the macroscopic hysteresis curves arise due to charge carrier migration. This review elaborates on the multiple loading scenarios that lead to asymmetries in material response and loss in performance. The disparities between unipolar, bipolar, and mixed electromechanical loading are displayed. Possible microscopic origins are categorized. The strong similarities in the roles of microcracks, dielectric layers, and grain boundaries are worked out.
Structural Characterization of Automotive Catalysts
Authors: Haaß F. , Fuess H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractScarcely any other technology is of such a global interest due to economical and ecological reasons like automotive catalysis, and world wide efforts are exerted to improve and optimize automotive emission control systems enclosing new engine concepts, better fuel quality, and novel exhaust catalysts. Especially the continuous improvement of the exhaust catalysts over the last 30 years brought major advances in saving ressources and fulfilling present and future emission directives. This paper deals with current developments in automotive exhaust catalysts. After an introductorily overview, the principles of spark ignition engines and diesel engines will be described, followed by selected fields of recent research of our and others groups. The focus is brought upon Pd‐only catalysts and new oxygen storage systems for three‐way catalysis, as well as on new concepts and characteristics of diesel oxidation catalysts based on platinum and palladium.
Advances in Gallium Oxonitride Ceramics: A New Class of Materials in the System Ga‐O‐N
Authors: Kinski I. , Scheiba F. , Riedel R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis research news highlights the history, synthesis and new developments of gallium oxonitride phases. Many practical applications are expected of this class of materials because of its analogy to aluminium oxonitride phases. A new approach to gallium oxonitride ceramics is a synthesis pathway starting from a precursor that provides gallium simultaneously bonded to nitrogen and oxygen on a molecular level. One suitable precursor is the dimethylamine adduct of gallium tris‐(t‐butoxide), Ga(OtBu)3·HNMe2. The optimization of the pyrolysis process was controlled by analyzing the nitrogen to oxygen content and the reduction of carbon content in the ceramic. The samples were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The degree of crystallinity was determined by transmission electron microscopy in combination with an electron energy loss spectrometer. The precursor‐derived gallium oxonitride ceramic remains nanocrystalline up to 600 °C and reacts to GaN with the wurtzite type structure by loss of all oxygen in an ammonia atmosphere at temperatures above 600 °C.