bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inference for New Environmental Contours Using Extreme Value Analysis
Authors: Simpson Emma S. , Tawn Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnvironmental contours are often used in engineering applications to describe risky combinations of variables according to some definition of an exceedance probability. These contours can be used to both understand multivariate extreme events in environmental processes and mitigate against their effects, e.g. in the design of structures. Such ideas are also useful in other disciplines, with the types of extreme events of interest depending on the context. Despite clear connections with extreme value modelling, much of this methodology has so far not been exploited in the estimation of environmental contours; in this work, we provide a way to unify these areas. We focus on the bivariate case, introducing two new definitions of environmental contours. We develop techniques for their inference which exploit a non-standard radial and angular decomposition of the variables, building on previous work for estimating limit sets. Specifically, we model the upper tails of the radial distribution using a generalised Pareto distribution, with adaptable smoothing of the parameters of this distribution. Our methods work equally well for asymptotically independent and asymptotically dependent variables, so do not require us to distinguish between different joint tail forms. Simulations demonstrate reasonable success of the estimation procedure, and we apply our approach to an air pollution data set, which is of interest in the context of environmental impacts on health.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Machine learning-based analysis of adverse events in mesh implant surgery reports
Authors: Bala Indu , Kelly Thu-Lan , Stanford Ty , Gillam Marianne H. , Mitchell Lewis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mesh implant surgery, commonly used for various medical conditions, has been linked to a range of negative effects, significantly impacting patient experiences and outcomes. Additionally, the growing volume of medical data, especially text-based reports, presents challenges in deriving meaningful insights for informed healthcare decisions. To address these challenges, our study extensively analyzed the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) dataset from 2000 to 2021. We have meticulously identified a range of adverse events associated with mesh implant surgeries, including Dyspareunia, Urinary problems, Chronic Inflammation, Prolapse Recurrence, Mesh Erosion, Urinary Tract Infections, discomfort, and sleep disturbances. Using topic modeling, we explored patient experiences and the interrelationships among these adverse events. This approach uncovered key topics linked to mesh surgery, such as Stress Urinary Incontinence, Incisional Hernia, Inguinal Hernia, and Umbilical Hernia, along with their side effects. While the analysis focused on common symptoms such as pain, infection, and bleeding, it also brought to light specific symptoms like sleeping issues, mental stress, and discomfort. We also examined the interconnectedness of these adverse events with identified topics and their temporal trends, revealing shifts in patient experiences over time. Notably, there was an increase in reports of Stress Urinary Incontinence around 2011–2012 and a surge in Inguinal Hernia concerns in 2017–2018. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of adverse events and associated topics in mesh implant surgeries, contributing valuable insights into patient experiences and aiding in informed healthcare decision-making.
Collaborating and distributing leading: mosaics of leading practices
Authors: Charteris Jennifer , Smardon Dianne , Kemmis Stephen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA mosaic approach to leading practices leverages collaboration and makes it possible to renew the social fabric of a school. In this article, the authors use the notion of a ‘mosaic of leading practices’ to unsettle top-down, hierarchical, positional conceptions of leadership that focus on participants. The latter invites questions about participants’ responsibilities for leadership; the former invites questions about what leaders do (their practices) in and for an organisation. We report on research conducted with Aotearoa New Zealand school leaders that explored perceptions of leading practices that support or constrain communities of learning. Drawing on interviews with leaders and teachers who were working to build Communities of Learning |Kāhui Ako (CoL) in their schools and across school communities, the article re-imagines sites of collaboration by viewing them through the lens of practices, not just participants. A theoretical framework is proposed to illustrate mosaics of leading. Patterns of leadership and the concepts of connective enactment and collective accomplishment highlight different degrees of educator collaboration. The article re-imagines sites of collaboration as a means to foster a grassroots approach to culture and community building, rather than as a means for the delivery of school improvement alone.
Natural and hybrid immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents
Authors: Rothoeft T. , Maier C. , Talarico A. , Hoffmann A. , Schlegtendal A. , Lange B. , Petersmann A. , Denz R. , Timmesfeld N. , Toepfner N. , Vidal-Blanco E. , Pfaender S. , Lücke T. , Brinkmann F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In contrast to adults, immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents with natural or hybrid immunity is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze different immune compartments in different age groups and whether humoral immune reactions correlate with a cellular immune response.

Methods
72 children and adolescents with a preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited. 37 were vaccinated with an RNA vaccine (BNT162b2). Humoral immunity was analyzed 3–26 months (median 10 months) after infection by measuring Spike protein (S), nucleocapsid (NCP), and neutralizing antibodies (nAB). Cellular immunity was analyzed using a SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-γ release assay (IGRA).

Results
All children and adolescents had S antibodies; titers were higher in those with hybrid immunity (14,900 BAU/ml vs. 2118 BAU/ml). NCP antibodies were detectable in > 90%. Neutralizing antibodies (nAB) were more frequently detected (90%) with higher titers (1914 RLU) in adolescents with hybrid immunity than in children with natural immunity (62.5%, 476 RLU). Children with natural immunity were less likely to have reactive IGRAs (43.8%) than adolescents with hybrid immunity (85%). The amount of interferon-γ released by T cells was comparable in natural and hybrid immunity.

Conclusion
Spike antibodies are the most reliable markers to monitor an immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2. High antibody titers of spike antibodies and nAB correlated with cellular immunity, a phenomenon found only in adolescents with hybrid immunity. Hybrid immunity is associated with markedly higher antibody titers and a higher probability of a cellular immune response than a natural immunity.
Prognostic value of liver stiffness in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure: a meta-analysis
Authors: Macerola Noemi , Riccardi Laura , Di Stasio Enrico , Montalto Massimo , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pompili Maurizio , Garcovich Matteo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. In the latest years, many efforts have been made to identify predictors of poor prognosis in these patients. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to enlighten the correlation between liver stiffness (LS), assessed by Shear Wave Elastography techniques, and HF, particularly focusing on the prognostic value of LS on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods
We searched the PUBMED databases (up to May 1st, 2023) for studies that enlightened the correlation between LS and cardiovascular outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy of LS in predicting the prognosis of patients with ADHF.

Results
We analyzed data from 7 studies, comprising 677 patients, that assessed the prognostic value of LS in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients hospitalized for ADHF. The pooled analysis showed that increased liver stiffness was associated with higher risk of adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio 1.07 [1.03, 1.12], 95% CI).

Conclusion
Increased LS is associated with poor prognosis in patients hospitalized for HF and might help effectively identify those patients at high risk for worse outcomes.
Emerging Antifungal Resistance in Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Hui Sui Ting , Gifford Hugh , Rhodes Johanna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Over recent decades, the number of outbreaks caused by fungi has increased for humans, plants (including important crop species) and animals. Yet this problem is compounded by emerging antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic species. Resistance develops over time when fungi are exposed to drugs either in the patient or in the environment.

Recent Findings
Novel resistant variants of fungal pathogens that were previously susceptible are evolving (such as Aspergillus fumigatus) as well as newly emerging fungal species that are displaying antifungal resistance profiles (e.g. Candida auris and Trichophyton indotineae).

Summary
This review highlights the important topic of emerging antifungal resistance in fungal pathogens and how it evolved, as well as how this relates to a growing public health burden.
Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation in Human Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep
Authors: Denis Dan , Cairney Scott A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Pioneering work in rodents has shown that the reactivation of recently acquired memories during sleep is a key mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of sleep on memory consolidation. In this review, we consider recent evidence of memory reactivation processes in human sleep.

Recent Findings
The precise temporal coupling of sleep spindles to slow oscillations during non-rapid eye movement sleep plays a central role in sleep-associated memory consolidation. Both correlational studies and studies directly manipulating oscillatory activity in the sleeping brain have confirmed that spindles coupled to slow oscillations are better predictors of memory than uncoupled spindles and that the greatest memory benefit comes when spindles are tightly coupled to the up-state of the slow oscillation. Recent evidence suggests that memory content is reactivated during sleep, with a functional benefit for memory performance after sleep. Reactivation events are time-locked around slow oscillation-spindle coupling events, as well as sharp-wave ripples in hippocampus.

Summary
Memory reactivation, which is facilitated by slow oscillation-spindle coupling events, can be observed during human sleep and shows promise as a prime mechanism underlying sleep’s beneficial effects on memory.
Digital Twin and Deep Reinforcement Learning-Driven Robotic Automation System for Confined Workspaces: A Nozzle Dam Replacement Case Study in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Park Su-Young , Lee Cheonghwa , Jeong Suhwan , Lee Junghyuk , Kim Dohyeon , Jang Youhyun , Seol Woojin , Kim Hyungjung , Ahn Sung-Hoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRobotic automation has emerged as a leading solution for replacing human workers in dirty, dangerous, and demanding industries to ensure the safety of human workers. However, practical implementation of this technology remains limited, requiring substantial effort and costs. This study addresses the challenges specific to nuclear power plants, characterized by hazardous environments and physically demanding tasks such as nozzle dam replacement in confined workspaces. We propose a digital twin and deep-reinforcement-learning-driven robotic automation system with an autonomous mobile manipulator. The study follows a four-step process. First, we establish a simplified testbed for a nozzle dam replacement task and implement a high-fidelity digital twin model of the real-world testbed. Second, we employ a hybrid visual perception system that combines deep object pose estimation and an iterative closest point algorithm to enhance the accuracy of the six-dimensional pose estimation. Third, we use a deep-reinforcement-learning method, particularly the proximal policy optimization algorithm with inverse reachability map, and a centroidal waypoint strategy, to improve the controllability of an autonomous mobile manipulator. Finally, we conduct pre-performed simulations of the nozzle dam replacement in the digital twin and evaluate the system on a robot in the real-world testbed. The nozzle dam replacement with precise object pose estimation, navigation, target object grasping, and collision-free motion generation was successful. The robotic automation system achieved a $$92.0\%$$

92.0
%

success rate in the digital twin. Our proposed method can improve the efficiency and reliability of robotic automation systems for extreme workspaces and other perilous environments.
Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability
Authors: Wang Bin , Lu Yuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMolecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
Pullout Response of the Pre-displacement Bladed Anchor in Cohesionless Soil
Authors: Nazir Ashraf , Azzam Waseim , Farouk Ahmed , Nasr Ahmed , Aamer Farag 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study presents a new alternative technique, the pre-displacement pile, which aims to improve the uplift capacity of the regular pile. This modified pile intends to offer a bearing area underneath the sand during uplift using the blades. This method does not hinder the piles from being driven or penetrated the ground. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the uplift response of the modified anchor. The influence of the number of blades, the loading rate, and the relative density of the sand on the uplift capacity of the anchor pile with blades is studied. The ultimate pullout response of the pre-displacement anchor implanted in sand improves with an increase in blade number and loading rate. The percentage improvement in the pullout load for the anchor with four blades and a loading rate of 1 mm/s was (301%, 289%, and 249%) at sand relative densities of (30%, 50%, and 80%), respectively, compared to the unbladed pile. The existence of blades led to the creation of an ideal anchoring system. This piling modification is practical, suitable for marine projects, and easy to install for offshore applications.
Trust development in online competitive game environments: a network analysis approach
Authors: Fehlhaber Anna Lena , EL-Awad Usama 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrust seems to become established even in scenarios where the prerequisites for trust are complicated by conditions that evoke scepticism. Nonetheless, trust emerges, a phenomenon that is to be comprehended and examined in the present experimental inquiry. In order to comprehensively capture the process, a competitive online game environment was used to document the development of trust networks, directionality, and strength using network analysis. Despite the conditions conducive to distrust in this game setting, acts of trust were exhibited.Robust trust bonds persisting over the course of gameplay appear to manifest mostly dyadic or triadic, with participant embeddedness within the network and homophily in terms of general trustfulness towards strangers being conducive factors for trust bonding and game survivability. This study hence contributes to the overall understanding of online trust development and offers several further research opportunities in a mostly unexplored field.
Li–Solid Electrolyte Interfaces/Interphases in All-Solid-State Li Batteries
Authors: Jia Linan , Zhu Jinhui , Zhang Xi , Guo Bangjun , Du Yibo , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe emergence of all-solid-state Li batteries (ASSLBs) represents a promising avenue to address critical concerns like safety and energy density limitations inherent in current Li-ion batteries. Solid electrolytes (SEs) show significant potential in curtailing Li dendrite intrusion, acting as natural barriers against short circuits. However, the substantial challenges at the SEs−electrode interface, particularly concerning the anode, pose significant impediments to the practical implementation of ASSLBs. This review aims to delineate the most viable strategies for overcoming anode interfacial hurdles across four distinct categories of SEs: sulfide SEs, oxide SEs, polymer SEs, and halide SEs. Initially, pivotal issues such as anode interfacial side reactions, inadequate physical contact, and Li dendrite formation are comprehensively outlined. Furthermore, effective methodologies aimed at enhancing anode interfacial stability are expounded, encompassing approaches like solid electrolyte interface (SEI) interlayer insertion, SE optimization, and the adoption of Li alloy in lieu of Li metal, each tailored to specific SE categories. Moreover, this review presents novel insights into fostering interfaces between diverse SE types and Li anodes, while also advocating perspectives and recommendations for the future advancement of ASSLBs.
Graphical Abstract
Conceptualising arts entrepreneurship education: bridging the arts and entrepreneurship within higher education settings
Authors: Wong Hannah Y. H. , Chan Cecilia K. Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the rise of entrepreneurship education within higher education, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education remain overlooked in the arts discipline. Existing research in arts entrepreneurship education is scarce. The current study aims to investigate stakeholder perspectives towards conceptualisations of arts entrepreneurship education within higher education, including that of first and final year undergraduate students, educators and industry professionals in the arts discipline. A questionnaire was administered for preliminary insights towards how arts students understand entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. Individual interviews were then conducted for in-depth investigation in how arts students, educators and professionals conceptualise and define arts entrepreneurship education. The findings revealed arts students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. Moreover, diverse stakeholder viewpoints shed light upon understandings of arts entrepreneurship education, roles of relevant stakeholders and the relationship between entrepreneurship education and arts. This study highlights the value of arts entrepreneurship education, contributing to discussion on addressing gaps between arts and entrepreneurship education, and between higher education and the industry.
In vitro evaluation and characterization of cisplatin loaded nanofibers for local chemotherapy
Authors: Mendoza Carlos Miguel López , Figueroa Yolanda Terán , Sánchez Mariana Gutiérrez , Ortega María Mónica Castillo , Fuentes Nayeli Rodríguez , Quintana Luz Eugenia Alcántara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cancer is a disease that affects the quality of life of the patients that are treated with Cisplatin (CDDP), which is needed for adjuvant therapy, however it leads to many secondary and adverse effects. In this study, we manufactured and characterized poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) non-woven fibers loaded with Cisplatin (CDDP) by electrospinning technique to evaluate their cytotoxicity in in vitro assays on HeLa cells (cervical carcinoma cell line). PLA–CDDP solutions with increasing concentrations of CDDP (0.5, 1 and 2% w/w) were used in a TL-01 electrospinning equipment with the same system parameters. We analyzed the chemical, thermal and morphological characteristics of PLA and PLA–CDDP fiber mats. Furthermore, hydrolytic degradation, hemolysis and toxicity in HeLa cells were evaluated. By adding the CDDP to the fibers, the degradation, glass transition and melting temperatures were modified; the 3 µm fiber diameter of pristine PLA fibers was decreased in half the size and the degradation time was extended over 5 months. However, the hemocompatibility of the material with and without CDDP was maintained, while cytotoxicity in HeLa cells increased in the three concentrations of fiber mats of PLA–CDDP compared to the intravenous drug at 24 h (p < 0.01). We concluded that the fiber mats PLA–CDDP could be used for localized therapy in the adjuvant treatment when resection panels are expose after a surgical extirpation of solid tumors.
Comparative studies of tetrazole derivatives on the corrosion inhibition of copper and commercial brass in simulated seawater
Authors: Mahdy Sara A. , Abdel-Gawad Soha A. , El-Sherif Rabab M. , Ghayad I. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition of copper and its alloys in seawater using organic inhibitors has received much interest. Electrochemical techniques were used to evaluate the effectiveness of 5-Mercapto-1-methyltetrazole (MTAH) and 5-Aminotetrazole (ATAH) as corrosion inhibitors on copper and commercial brass in simulated seawater with 3.5% NaCl. EDS and SEM techniques were used to investigate the sample surfaces. The results showed that ATAH is more effective than MTAH in both samples, with an inhibition rate of 98% for copper and 86% for brass at a concentration of 0.01 M. Surface investigations reveal that the presence of ATAH has significantly protected the copper and brass surfaces compared to MTAH because of its amino group. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the inhibitors physicochemically adsorb on the sample surface. On the other hand, the Arrhenius plot showed a considerable jump in the corrosion activation energy when the inhibitor was present, proving the inhibitor’s efficiency in preventing corrosion on copper and brass surfaces.