bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outpatient Palliative Care Clinics
Authors: Cruz-Oliver Dulce M. , Mwamba Kafunyi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Outpatient clinics are a new frontier for interprofessional palliative care, a specialty focused on improving the quality of life and relief of symptoms of anyone living with serious illness. Most of the care for chronic and serious illness occurs at home, not in hospitals. Outpatient palliative care clinics reduce the risk of unnecessary re-hospitalizations, and shorten the hospital stays that do occur. Inadequate reimbursement, limited space, and insufficient staffing, as well as limited data on its effectiveness, have posed challenges to the growth of outpatient interprofessional palliative care clinics. This chapter offers a description of the interprofessional team within the context of outpatient palliative care clinics, the models of delivery, the populations they serve, and the challenges to implement interprofessional outpatient palliative care clinics in different settings.
Cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Wilkinson Ian B. , Raine Tim , Wiles Kate , Hateley Peter , Kelly Dearbhla , McGurgan Iain 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses cardiovascular medicine, including cardiovascular health, cardiovascular symptoms at the bedside, ECG abnormalities, cardiac imaging, echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, cardiovascular drugs, hypertension, angina pectoris, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), complications of MI, arrhythmias, continuous ECG monitoring, narrow complex tachycardia, broad complex tachycardia, atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter, pacemakers, heart failure, rheumatic fever (RF), mitral valve disease, aortic valve disease, right heart valve disease, cardiac surgery, systemic diseases, infective endocarditis (IE), diseases of heart muscle, pericardial diseases, adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), and driving and the heart.
Search and characterization of third-body candidates around short-period binaries using Kepler and TESS data
Authors: Inácio Jefferson R P , Macêdo Isaac M , Ferreira Éder V X , Lisboa Ronai , Mendes Tarciro N C , Pereira Marildo G , da Silva José R P , Almeida Leonardo A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The study of the orbital period variation of short-period binary systems has been important to understand several physical phenomena, such as the emission of gravitational waves, angular momentum loss via magnetic braking, matter transfer between the components, apsidal motion, quadrupole moment variation, and presence of circumbinary bodies. With the advent of large space missions, e.g. Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), an enormous amount of high-precision photometric data with temporal coverage from years to decades has become available. Thus, in this work, we propose to study the orbital period variation of a sample of 253 binary that was observed by both Kepler and TESS and therefore with a temporal coverage of more than 10 yr. The main goal of this paper is the search and characterization of third bodies. Based on the periodicity analysis of the observed minus calculated (O − C) diagram of the sample, 75 of them showed periodic variation and therefore were classified as binary systems with third-body candidates, while the remaining 178 did not show periodic variations. This result is a two-fold increase in tertiary candidates around binary systems compared to the study carried out with only Kepler data. Although our estimated rate of third-body candidates (∼30 per cent) is higher than that obtained only with Kepler data (∼20 per cent), it should be taken as a lower limit.
Discoveries and timing of pulsars in M62
Authors: Vleeschower L , Corongiu A , Stappers B W , Freire P C C , Ridolfi A , Abbate F , Ransom S M , Possenti A , Padmanabh P V , Balakrishnan V , Kramer M , Venkatraman Krishnan V , Zhang L , Bailes M , Barr E D , Buchner S , Chen W 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Using MeerKAT, we have discovered three new millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the bulge globular cluster M62: M62H, M62I, and M62J. All three are in binary systems, which means all ten known pulsars in the cluster are in binaries. M62H has a planetary-mass companion with a median mass Mc, med ∼ 3 MJ and a mean density of ρ ∼ 11 g cm−3. M62I has an orbital period of 0.51 d and a Mc, med ∼ 0.15 M⊙. Neither of these low-mass systems exhibit eclipses. M62J has only been detected in the two Ultra High Frequency band (816 MHz) observations with a flux density S816 = 0.08 mJy. The non-detection in the L-band (1284 MHz) indicates it has a relatively steep spectrum (β &lt; −3.1). We also present 23-yr-long timing solutions obtained using data from the Parkes ‘Murriyang’, Effelsberg, and MeerKAT telescopes for the six previously known pulsars. For all these pulsars, we measured the second spin-period derivatives and the rate of change of orbital period caused by the gravitational field of the cluster, and their proper motions. From these measurements, we conclude that the pulsars’ maximum accelerations are consistent with the maximum cluster acceleration assuming a core-collapsed mass distribution. Studies of the eclipses of the redback M62B and the black widow M62E at four and two different frequency bands, respectively, reveal a frequency dependence with longer and asymmetric eclipses at lower frequencies. The presence of only binary MSPs in this cluster challenges models which suggest that the MSP population of core-collapsed clusters should be dominated by isolated MSPs.
Non-radial oscillations in newly born compact star considering effects of phase transition
Authors: Kumar Anil , Thakur Pratik , Sinha Monika 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The massive stars end their lives by supernova explosions leaving central compact objects that may evolve into neutron stars. Initially, after birth, the star remains hot and gradually cools down. We explore the matter and star properties during this initial stage of the compact stars considering the possibility of the appearance of deconfined quark matter in the core of the star. At the initial stage after the supernova explosion, the occurrence of non-radial oscillation in the newly born compact object is highly possible. Non-radial oscillations are an important source of gravitational waves (GWs). There is a high chance for GWs from these oscillations, especially the nodeless fundamental (f) mode to be detected by next-generation GW detectors. We study the evolution in frequencies of non-radial oscillation after birth considering phase transition and predicting the possible signature for different possibilities of theoretical compact star models.
Multiple Genomic Landscapes of Recombination and Genomic Divergence in Wild Populations of House Mice—The Role of Chromosomal Fusions and Prdm9
Authors: Marín-García Cristina , Álvarez-González Lucía , Marín-Gual Laia , Casillas Sònia , Picón Judith , Yam Keren , Garcias-Ramis María Magdalena , Vara Covadonga , Ventura Jacint , Ruiz-Herrera Aurora 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chromosomal fusions represent one of the most common types of chromosomal rearrangements found in nature. Yet, their role in shaping the genomic landscape of recombination and hence genome evolution remains largely unexplored. Here, we take advantage of wild mice populations with chromosomal fusions to evaluate the effect of this type of structural variant on genomic landscapes of recombination and divergence. To this aim, we combined cytological analysis of meiotic crossovers in primary spermatocytes with inferred analysis of recombination rates based on linkage disequilibrium using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results suggest the presence of a combined effect of Robertsonian fusions and Prdm9 allelic background, a gene involved in the formation of meiotic double strand breaks and postzygotic reproductive isolation, in reshaping genomic landscapes of recombination. We detected a chromosomal redistribution of meiotic recombination toward telomeric regions in metacentric chromosomes in mice with Robertsonian fusions when compared to nonfused mice. This repatterning was accompanied by increased levels of crossover interference and reduced levels of estimated recombination rates between populations, together with high levels of genomic divergence. Interestingly, we detected that Prdm9 allelic background was a major determinant of recombination rates at the population level, whereas Robertsonian fusions showed limited effects, restricted to centromeric regions of fused chromosomes. Altogether, our results provide new insights into the effect of Robertsonian fusions and Prdm9 background on meiotic recombination.
Comprehensive analysis of intramolecular G-quadruplex structures: furthering the understanding of their formalism
Authors: Farag Marc , Mouawad Liliane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are helical structures found in guanine-rich DNA or RNA sequences. Generally, their formalism is based on a few dozen structures, which can produce some inconsistencies or incompleteness. Using the website ASC-G4, we analyzed the structures of 333 intramolecular G4s, of all types, which allowed us to clarify some key concepts and present new information. To each of the eight distinguishable topologies corresponds a groove-width signature and a predominant glycosidic configuration (gc) pattern governed by the directions of the strands. The relative orientations of the stacking guanines within the strands, which we quantified and related to their vertical gc successions, determine the twist and tilt of the helices. The latter impact the minimum groove widths, which represent the space available for lateral ligand binding. The G4 four helices have similar twists, even when these twists are irregular, meaning that they have various angles along the strands. Despite its importance, the vertical gc succession has no strict one-to-one relationship with the topology, which explains the discrepancy between some topologies and their corresponding circular dichroism spectra. This study allowed us to introduce the new concept of platypus G4s, which are structures with properties corresponding to several topologies.
“But Where Does It Stop?”
Authors: Müller Mirjam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter seeks to develop a structural account of exploitation that illuminates the relation between social structures and the agency of individuals. To develop this account, the chapter proceeds in four steps. First, it highlights the shortcomings of recent accounts of structural exploitation and argues that these need to be complemented with an account of how exploitative structures are reproduced. Second, drawing in particular on Sally Haslanger’s account of social structures, it develops an understanding of social structures. Third, based on this understanding of social structures, it discusses how structural exploitation is reproduced and how individual agents relate to this reproduction. Finally, it draws implications from this for the question of how structural exploitation can be resisted.
Fair Trade, Bargaining, and Respect for Persons
Authors: Steiner Hillel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Citing the distinction between concern and respect, this chapter opens by suggesting that this distinction aligns closely with the difference between focusing on persons as subjects of well-being and persons as subjects of agency, and noting that altruism or benevolence is standardly associated with the former. It then argues that what fair trade overcomes is a respect deficit: a deficit constituted by agents’ truncated scope for personal choice. Offsetting that truncation to the point of equal scope for choice is argued to be a requirement of justice, not altruism. It then displays how unjustly truncated scope for choice generates exploitation. Finally, it shows how the requirement not to exploit applies to exchanges that, unlike supermarket purchases, involve bargaining.
Exploitation Across Time
Authors: Mulkeen Nicola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Can we exploit future people? In this chapter I examine three answers to this question and argue all three answers are flawed. I then develop and defend the intergenerational account. Here, I appeal to a structural approach to exploitation to identify a particular type of wrong that we commit against future people. I argue that the intergenerational account provides a more philosophically satisfying explanation of exploitation across time and explains how exploitation between generations is not only possible but in our world is likely to arise. It has recently been argued that identifying exploitation is especially important in policy domains with an extended timeframe. This includes proposals made within climate policy for passing the costs of climate action on to future generations (as proponents put it, ‘making the grandchildren pay’), or governments obtaining credit on a long‐term basis, with the repayments falling on subsequent generations (e.g. our governments passing on the costs of the recent Covid pandemic). But can we exploit future people? If there is no temporal overlap between the exploiters and the exploited, then identifying exploitation is problematic. This chapter examines three attempts to identify exploitation across nonoverlapping generations and argues that all three attempts are flawed. It then develops and defends the “intergenerational account.” Drawing upon a structural approach to exploitation, a specific type of wrong that we commit against future people is identified. The chapter argues that the intergenerational account provides a more philosophically satisfying explanation of exploitation across time and explains how exploitation between generations is not only possible but in our world is likely to arise
Decommodification as Exploitation
Authors: Panitch Vida 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Anti-commodification theorists appeal to two accounts of exploitation to strengthen their case against body sales: exploitation as wrongful advantage-taking, and exploitation as wrongful use. Theorists who appeal to the former account endeavor to show that payment for bodily goods and intimate services is coercive and unfair, while those who appeal to the latter account endeavor to show that payment is degrading. This chapter will argue that rather than payment for bodily goods and intimate services being either exploitatively unfair or degrading, it is a failure to pay providers of these goods that meets both criteria. Anti-commodification theorists who seek to condemn financial transactions involving the body by appeal to claims about the exploitation of providers have things the wrong way around, and their arguments risk worsening exploitative transactions by contributing to the deception of unpaid providers of bodily goods.
Why Youth Died by Suicide
Authors: Mueller Anna S. , Abrutyn Seth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines why youth died by suicide in Poplar Grove even though the community is full of protective factors like supportive friends and family. To do this the chapter uses a method called social autopsy. Social autopsies can help uncover the root causes of a surprising or disproportionately high rate of a particular cause of death while focusing on a geographic location. Our social autopsies in Poplar Grove revealed that youth’s suicidal pain was frequently tied to perceiving oneself as not living up to Poplar Grove’s intense and homogeneous expectations for “good” kids. While the suicides also had complex psychological and possibly biological causes, this chapter makes clear that intervening in the social environment in Poplar Grove may help ease the impact of perceived “failures” on kid’s psyches and could help kids feel like no matter what, their lives were worth living.
Addressing the Social Roots of Suicide
Authors: Mueller Anna S. , Abrutyn Seth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the knowledge that’s been gained over the course of the book. In so doing it reveals the social roots of suicide. It acknowledges the complexity of accounting for the social environment in understanding youth suicide. In Poplar Grove, several elements contributed to the community’s vulnerability to recurring youth suicide clusters, such as the high degree of social connectedness and narrow cultural expectations and mental health stigma that created problems for youth’s psychological well-being. Ultimately, Poplar Grove reveals much about how the social environment can condition youth’s psychological pain and thus their risk of suicide. In this closing chapter, we focus on the hopeful outcomes of a long and sometimes sad research journey, and we spend these last pages offering tangible social and scientific lessons and offering concrete, evidence-informed steps for families, schools, communities, and scientists to reduce kids’ vulnerability to suicide.
A Bridge to the Sky
Authors: Anderson Glaire D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A Bridge to the Sky: Science and Arts in the Age of ‘Abbas Ibn Firnās examines connections between science and visual culture during the early Islamic scientific revolution of the caliphal age (650–1250 ce). It takes as its point of departure the figure of ʿAbbās Ibn Firnās (d. 887), the most famous scientist and polymath of early Islamic Spain. The book considers his scientific activities as these intersected with design and craft, culminating in the aeronautics experiment for which he is best known today, as these are recounted in the Muqtabis, the chronicle compiled by the Córdoban court historian Ibn Ḥayyān (d. 1076). It calls into question notions that medieval Islamic artisans and designers were anonymous individuals working outside elite social and intellectual circles. The key passages from the chronicle are presented in English translation, including the oldest and most authoritative source for the aeronautics experiment. The Arabic texts are examined in tandem with the earliest Islamic scientific instruments (especially astrolabes) and illustrated Arabic treatises of astronomy and engineering, preserved in museums and libraries around the globe. The book argues for a medieval Islamic court culture in which design and making were central to scientific intellectual pursuits and that may have shaped the culture of the Italian Renaissance.
Introduction
Authors: English Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This Introduction provides an overview of the debate on the efficacy of counter-terrorism. Counter-terrorism tends to be justified on the ground that it protects people from terrorist violence. If countering terrorism is indeed ‘vital work’, then understanding the ways in which it is and/or is not effectively pursued is a crucial question—politically, societally, and morally. In considering the effectiveness of counter-terrorism, we need a systematic and comprehensive framework within which to assess what it would actually mean for counter-terrorism to ‘work’. The Introduction then looks at strategic victory, partial strategic victory, tactical success, and the inherent rewards of struggle. It is also necessary to adopt a historically minded approach because history offers distinctive approaches towards understanding the concept, causes, and consequences of terrorism, and also because historians have been less salient within debates on terrorism and counter-terrorism than have adherents to numerous other disciplines. As the Introduction explains, this book offers three case-study analyses: the post-9/11 War on Terror, counter-terrorism in Northern Ireland, and the case of Israel/Palestine.
Conclusion
Authors: English Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter summarizes the findings on the efficacy of counter-terrorism. Strategic victory has seemed elusive in the case studies scrutinized in the previous chapters. In the post-9/11 War on Terror, presidential declarations about destroying, eradicating, or bringing an end to terrorism were unhelpfully unrealistic and were predictably unachieved. Northern Ireland is the case closest to matching the strategic level of counter-terrorist achievement, but partial strategic success probably better fits what occurred there. In Israel/Palestine, there have clearly been significant limits to what might be strategically achieved, given the very lengthy, entangled complexity of the enmities involved in that conflict. At the tactical level, there have been many counter-terrorist successes globally in terms of the thwarting of particular operations or the developing of particular means of protecting people from attack. The chapter then suggests a series of historically grounded arguments about what is required for effective counter-terrorism. These involve the alignment of counter-terrorism and moral behaviour; the strengthening of the state; and respect for the implications of long-term pasts and futures.
“A Heathen and an Outlaw,” 1854–1856
Authors: Blumberg Ilana M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In July 1854, Marian Evans and George Henry Lewes set out together for Weimar, and from here forward Marian bore the punishing double standard that worked against women’s sexual freedom, condemning them, without recourse, as fallen women if they had public liaisons outside marriage. Even among the freethinking set, most women would not come to call upon Marian Evans Lewes until her reputation as the great novelist George Eliot was well entrenched. Marian turned to the discourse of self-sacrifice as a mode by which she could both hallow the non-legal marriage and defend herself against its detractors, again calling upon the model of reforming a Christian institution by being truer to its essence than its supposed adherents. Working in freelance journalism and translating Spinoza, Marian broached questions of audience and medium.
“We Mortals,” 1856–1857
Authors: Blumberg Ilana M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Moving from journalism into the fiction-writing period of her life, George Eliot’s insistence on realism in art began from a commitment to realism in depicting religious life among the emerging middle and industrial classes, farming and artisan classes, and gentry in rural England and its provincial towns. She entered this fictional lacuna, refusing both dogma and didacticism, representing unidealized versions of clerical figures. Her fictions would come to be identifiable as “George Eliot” novels because of their refusing moral perfection or stasis in favor of narratives of revelation and change. Her characters underwent what she called “baptisms” of suffering in a model that may be traceable to scriptural multilayeredness and elements of development identified by Erich Auerbach. In her earliest fiction, the problem of a sufficient motive for virtue in the absence of immortality was resolved for her by the sober truth of common mortality.
An epistemic approach to aspectual systems
Authors: Wit Astrid De , Dickey Stephen M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we analyse the aspectual systems of English and Russian, and to a lesser extent Czech and Mandarin Chinese. We thereby discuss the theoretical and empirical shortcomings of exclusively temporal accounts of the aspectual constructions under consideration, and propose an epistemic alternative. This epistemic approach attaches central importance to the knowledge sets of the discourse participants, who may construe situations as fully and instantly identifiable, or—conversely—as contingent, and use aspectual devices as grounding devices to indicate this epistemic difference. We devote specific attention to differences between languages in terms of how the concepts of full and instant identifiability and contingency are morphologically and semantically realized. In doing so, we lay the foundation for a cross-linguistic typology that can serve as a backbone for the analysis of typologically diverse aspectual systems in epistemic rather than temporal terms.