bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Angiogenesis Inhibition by Sunitinib on Tumor Distribution of Temozolomide
Authors: Zhou Qingyu , Guo Ping , Gallo James M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurpose: As combination chemotherapy of antiangiogenic agents with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs continues to evolve, an understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables associated with optimal treatment is needed. Thus, the effect of the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib on tumor distribution of temozolomide was investigated to evaluate conditions for optimal combination chemotherapy.Experimental Design: In mice bearing SF188V+ human glioma xenografts, measurements of temozolomide pharmacokinetic properties and sunitinib pharmacodynamic activities were evaluated, the latter including determinants for vascular normalization, including CD31, collagen IV, and α-SMA.Results: Sunitinib given in a daily dose of either 10 or 40 mg/kg orally over 14 days increased temozolomide tumor distribution, as indicated by the tumor-to-plasma AUC ratio compared with control; however, only the 10 mg/kg group reached statistical significance (P &lt; 0.05). From the pharmacodynamic analysis, a “vascular normalization index” incorporating the microvessel density (MVD) and protein expression of α-SMA and collagen IV was proposed as an indication of the number of tumor vessels with relatively good quality, which was found to be significantly correlated with the unbound temozolomide AUC in tumor interstitial fluid (P = 0.05). Furthermore, both sunitinib-treated groups maintained the molecular balance between angiopoietins Ang-1 and Ang-2, suggesting a critical role of angiopoietins in vascular normalization.Conclusions: Several important factors relevant to the antiangiogenic agent–induced tumor vascular normalization have been identified and incorporated into a vascular normalization index that may serve to correlate the angiogenic phenotype to the distribution of cytotoxic drugs in solid tumors.
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Bortezomib in Combination with Idarubicin and Cytarabine in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Attar Eyal C. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Supko Jeffrey G. , D'Amato Ferdinando , Zahrieh David , Sirulnik Andres , Wadleigh Martha , Ballen Karen K. , McAfee Steve , Miller Kenneth B. , Levine James , Galinsky Ilene , Trehu Elizabeth G. , Schenkein David , Neuberg Donna , Stone Richard M. , Amrein Philip C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Proteasome inhibition results in cytotoxicity to the leukemia stem cell in vitro. We conducted this phase I study to determine if the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib could be safely added to induction chemotherapy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Experimental Design: Bortezomib was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 at doses of 0.7, 1.0, 1.3, or 1.5 mg/m2 with idarubicin 12 mg/m2 on days 1 to 3 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 7.
Results: A total of 31 patients were enrolled. The median age was 62 years, and 16 patients were male. Nine patients had relapsed AML (ages, 18-59 years, n = 4 and ≥60 years, n = 5). There were 22 patients of ≥60 years with previously untreated AML (eight with prior myelodysplasia/myeloproliferative disorder or cytotoxic therapy). All doses of bortezomib, up to and including 1.5 mg/m2, were tolerable. Nonhematologic grade 3 or greater toxicities included 12 hypoxia (38%; 11 were grade 3), 4 hyperbilirubinemia (13%), and 6 elevated aspartate aminotransferase (19%). Overall, 19 patients (61%) achieved complete remission (CR) and three had CR with incomplete platelet recovery. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the total body clearance of bortezomib decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.01, N = 26) between the first (mean ± SD, 41.9 ± 17.1 L/h/m2) and third (18.4 ± 7.0 L/h/m2) doses. Increased bone marrow expression of CD74 was associated with CR.
Conclusions: The combination of bortezomib, idarubicin, and cytarabine showed a good safety profile. The recommended dose of bortezomib for phase II studies with idarubicin and cytarabine is 1.5 mg/m2.
Faith-based programs and outcomes for street-living youth in Los Angeles, Mumbai and Nairobi
Authors: Ferguson Kristin M. , Dortzbach Karl , Dyrness Grace R. , Dabir Neela , Spruijt-Metz Donna 
Published: March 2008

English This study explores programs and outcomes for homeless street youth in faith-based organizations in Los Angeles, Mumbai and Nairobi. Findings reveal differences in conceptions of street youth and services provided. Similarities are manifested in client outcomes. Recommendations are offered to improve social welfare policies and service provision for street youth. French Cette étude examine les programmes innovants pour les jeunes de la rue émanant des organisations basées sur la foi et la vie communautaire à Los Angeles, Bombay et Nairobi. Les résultats révèlent des différences de conceptions sur les jeunes de la rue et en matière de services proposés. Des similarités sont observées dans les résultats relatifs aux usagers. Des recommandations politiques sont proposées dans le but d'améliorer la formulation des politiques sociale à l'égard des jeunes des rues. Spanish Este estudio examina programas innovadores creados por organizaciones comunitarias y religiosas destinados a los jóvenes que viven en las calles de Los Ángeles, Bombay y Nairobi. Los descubrimientos de este estudio revelan diferencias en las concepciones que se tienen acerca de los jóvenes que viven en las calles y los servicios proporcionados. Las semejanzas se manifiestan en las respuestas de los clientes. Recomendaciones de políticas a utilizar son ofrecidas para mejorar la formulación de políticas sociales para los jóvenes que viven en la calle.
Constructing spiritually modified interventions
Authors: Hodge David R. 
Published: March 2008

English Although cognitive therapy is widely used, little attention has been given to the value assumptions embedded in the self-statements that are at the heart of the change process. Constructing statements that have been repackaged with values drawn from clients' spiritual belief systems may increase their effectiveness with a variety of populations. French Bien que la thérapie cognitive soit largement utilisée, trop peu d'attention a été portée aux jugements de valeur inclus dans les auto-évaluations au cœur du processus de changement. La construction d'évaluations ayant été "reconfigurées" à partir des valeurs issues des systèmes de croyance spirituelle des usagers peut accroître leur effectivité pour populations. Spanish A pesar de que la terapia cognitiva es ampliamente utilizada, se le ha prestado poca atención a las suposiciones de valor que estÁn arraigadas a las declaraciones propias que estÁn en el corazón del proceso de cambio. Construir declaraciones que han sido"reempacadas" con valores extraídos de los sistemas de creencia espiritual de los clientes pudiera aumentar su efectividad con una variedad de poblaciones.
The delivery of social services in northern Thailand
Authors: Nye Catherine 
Published: March 2008

English This article describes parallel professional secular and traditional religious social service delivery systems in northern Thailand within global trends towards secular provision. It locates these systems in their cultural, historical context and raises questions about the future directions of these parallel service delivery models. French Cet article met en parallèle les systèmes des services sociaux professionnel laïc et religieux traditionnel dans le nord de la Thaïlande dans le cadre des tendances globales de développement des services laïcs. Il situe ces systèmes dans leur contexte culturel et historique et fait émerger des questions sur les orientations futures de ces modèles parallèles de mise à disposition de services. Spanish Este ensayo describe los sistemas paralelos de provisión de servicios sociales en el norte de Tailandia, profesionales seculares por un lado y tradicionales religiosos por el otro, dentro de las tendencias globales hacia la provisión secular. Estos sistemas son ubicados en sus contextos histórico y cultural y promueven preguntas acerca de las direcciones futuras de estos modelos paralelos de provisión de servicios.
The effects upon children in Jordan of the imprisonment of their fathers
Authors: Al Gharaibeh Fakir 
Published: March 2008

English This study examined the effects upon children in Jordan of fathers being imprisoned. Interviews were conducted with 26 mothers of children and NUDIST was used for qualitative data analysis. As elsewhere, the study confirmed that children are adversely affected and stigmatized: problems related to emotional development, behaviour and schooling were evident. French Cette étude examine les effets sur les enfants de Jordanie de l'emprisonnement de leurs pères. Des entretiens ont été conduits avec 26 mères d'enfants et le système d'analyses de données NUDIST a été utilisée pour l'analyse des données qualitatives. Comme partout ailleurs, l'étude confirme que les enfants sont affectés profondément et stigmatisés : les problèmes liés au développement affectif, de comportement les difficultés scolaires sont évidentes. Spanish Este estudio examinó los efectos que tienen sobre los niños en Jordania el encarcelamiento de sus padres. Se realizaron entrevistas a 26 madres y se utilizó NUDIST para el anÁlisis cualitativo de los datos. Como en todas partes, el estudio confirmó que los niños son afectados negativamente y estigmatizados: se hicieron evidentes los problemas relacionados al desarrollo emocional, el comportamiento y la asistencia a la escuela.
Eu2+-doped Thioaluminates: New Candidates for White LEDs
Authors: Yu Ruijin , Wang Jing , Zhang Xinmin , Yuan Haibin , Zhang Jianhui , Su Qiang 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Three Eu2+-doped thioaluminate phosphors with different light-emitting colors, green, bluish-green, and blue were synthesized by the evacuated sealed quartz ampoule method. Under UV excitation, CaAl2S4:Eu2+ (CAS), SrAl2S4:Eu2+ (SAS), and BaAl2S4:Eu2+ (BAS) exhibit strong emission bands peaked at 516, 496, and 470 nm, respectively. The fabricated LEDs of CAS, SAS, and BAS show intense green, bluish-green, and blue lighting. They are all believed to be good phosphor candidates for creating white light in phosphor-converted white LEDs.
What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid ferritin in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage in computed tomography-negative patients?
Authors: Watson Ian D , Beetham Robert , Fahie-Wilson Michael N , Holbrook Ian B , O'Connell Daniel M 
Published: March 2008

Background Spectrophotometry of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for bilirubin is the recommended method for investigation in suspected cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), when a computed tomography (CT) of the head is negative for blood. There is a potential need for a simpler alternative. Measurement of CSF ferritin might fulfil this need. Method We have measured ferritin in the CSF from 252 patients with suspected SAH who were negative on a CT of the head for blood, recruited on a consecutive intention to recruit basis from four centres. CSF spectrophotometry was performed on all samples. A positive outcome was taken as an aneurysm found on angiography that was treated or a discharge diagnosis of non-aneurysmal SAH. Results A final diagnosis of aneurysmal SAH was made in six patients, an arteriovenous malformation in one and non-aneurysmal SAH in nine. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that at 6.4 μg/L, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 1.0, 0.48, 0.12 and 1.0, respectively. At 12 μg/L, these values were 0.81, 0.91, 0.38 and 0.98, respectively. Conclusions At an appropriate negative predictive value (1.0) for a rule-out test, ferritin has too low a specificity to function as a stand-alone test and we cannot recommend it as an initial screen to be followed by spectrophotometry.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia and parameters of antioxidative defence in Tunisian patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Kerkeni Mohsen , Added Faouzi , Farhat Mohamed Ben , Miled Abdelhedi , Trivin François , Maaroufi Khira 
Published: March 2008

Background An imbalance between oxidative damage and antioxidative protection in association with the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has been suggested. The aim of this study was to test the parameters of antioxidative defence and to assess their association with hyperhomocysteinaemia and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Tunisian patients. Methods The study population included 100 patients with CHD and 120 healthy controls. The severity of CHD was expressed as the number of affected vessels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) concentrations were measured using commercially available methods. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration was determined by direct chemiluminescence assay. Serum zinc (Zn) was measured by a colorimetric method. Results Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with CHD had significantly lower activities of SOD ( P < 0.01), GPx ( P < 0.001), and serum Zn concentrations ( P < 0.001) and significantly higher tHcy concentration ( P < 0.001). However TAS concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. SOD and GPx activities were negatively correlated with tHcy concentration ( P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia showed a lower GPx and SOD activities than patients with normohomocysteinaemia. Antioxidant enzyme activities tended to be decreased in CHD patients presenting with 0- to 3-vessel stenosis. Conclusions This study indicates that low activity of GPx, SOD and Zn concentration are associated with CHD patients. We hypothesize that hyperhomocysteinaemia and low antioxidant enzyme activities may increase the extent of CHD.
Are patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia well managed in lipid clinics? An audit of eleven clinics from the Department of Health Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Cascade Testing project
Authors: Hadfield S G , Horara S , Starr B J , Yazdgerdi S , Bhatnagar D , Cramb R , Egan S , Everdell R , Ferns G , Jones A , Marenah C B , Marples J , Prinsloo P , Sneyd A , Stewart M F , Sandle L , Wang T , Watson M S , Humphries S E 
Published: March 2008

Background Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal co-dominant disorder which is relatively common, leads to high levels of LDL-cholesterol and if untreated to early coronary heart disease. An audit of current practice at National Health Service Trusts in England was undertaken to determine whether FH patients meet the diagnostic criteria for FH; are being offered appropriate advice and treatment; and to what extent their families are contacted and offered testing for the disorder. Methods Medical records of known FH patients (over 18 years of age and diagnosed before 31 December 2003) were accessed to obtain information on diagnosis, treatment and family tracing. Results The records of 733 FH patients were examined, 79% met the UK ‘Simon Broome’ register criteria for the diagnosis of definite or possible FH. Analyses showed that patients were usually offered appropriate advice and treatment, with 89% being on a statin. However, the audit indicated a high variability in family tracing between the sites, with significant differences in the frequency of inclusion of a family pedigree in the notes (range 1–71%, mean 35%); the general practitioner (GP) being advised that first-degree relatives should be tested (range 4–52%, mean 27%); and the proportion of relatives contacted and tested (range 6–50%, mean 32%). Conclusion FH patients are well cared for in lipid clinics in England, are being given appropriate lifestyle advice and medication, but an increase in recording of LDL-cholesterol levels may lead to improvements in their management. Practice in family tracing appears to vary widely between clinics.
Automated assay for plasma D-lactate by enzymatic spectrophotometric analysis with sample blank correction
Authors: Herrera Daniel Juan , Morris Kevin , Johnston Chris , Griffiths Paul 
Published: March 2008

Background D-lactate is essentially a product of bacterial metabolism, and its assessment in plasma has been mainly used to diagnose D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome. In the last few years, there has been growing interest in the use of subclinical elevations of D-lactate concentrations as a diagnostic tool in a variety of clinical conditions such as ischaemia, trauma or infection. Methods An endpoint enzymatic spectrophotometric assay to measure plasma D-lactate with a sample blank correction was validated on our routine clinical chemistry analyser (Olympus AU640). An ultrafiltration procedure was used in samples with a high L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH) activity in order to avoid underestimation of the D-lactate concentration, when a sample blank was processed. Results The intra- and inter-assay imprecision were <5.1% and <13.3%, respectively and the mean recovery for the D-lactate assay was 95% (range 88–103%). Samples with L-LDH activity greater than 1500 IU/L required the use of ultrafiltration devices. Plasma D-lactate concentration in our ‘non-diseased’ paediatric population showed a non-Gaussian distribution – 95th percentile equal to 19 μmol/L – and no difference based on gender or age was observed. Conclusion We have established an accurate, sensitive and precise routine assay for D-lactate measurement in plasma. The assay was used to formulate paediatric reference ranges and will be used to assist clinicians to evaluate ‘D-lactate toxicity’ in patients with a variety of conditions such as short bowel syndrome, small bowel transplantation and as an early marker of intestinal ischaemia.
The development of a system for the reporting, classification and grading of quality failures in the clinical biochemistry laboratory
Authors: O'Kane Maurice J , Lynch P L Mark , McGowan Noel 
Published: March 2008

Background There is no agreed system for the reporting, classification and grading of the severity of quality failures in the clinical biochemistry laboratory. Methods A ‘Quality Query’ reporting system was set up to log all quality failures identified by staff and service users. Quality failures were classified into three major groups of the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases with appropriate subcategories in each group. The severity of each quality failure was graded using a five-point scoring system incorporating both actual (‘A’) and potential (‘P’) score elements. The ‘A’ score measured the actual adverse impact of the quality failure on patient care, while the ‘P’ score measured the ‘worst case’ potential outcome that might have resulted. The system was assessed over a 19-month period. Results Three hundred and ninety-seven Quality Query reports were completed (0.085% of all requests). Breakdown by cause: pre-analytical phase – 88.9%, analytical phase – 9.6%, post-analytical phase – 1.5%. The quality failure severity ‘A’ scores were skewed towards a low adverse impact on patient care: 72.7% allocated an ‘A’ score of 1 (least severe grade). The ‘P’ scores were skewed towards a high potential impact on patient care: 65.9% allocated a ‘P’ score of 5 (most severe grade). Conclusions The Quality Query reporting system proved easy to integrate into routine laboratory practice. Although the great majority of quality failures had minimal adverse impact on patient care, the potential for adverse outcomes was much higher. This system generates important information on laboratory performance and helps inform risk management priorities.
Self-reported reasons among HIV-infected patients for missing clinic appointments
Authors: Park Wan Beom , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Sung-Han , Kim Hong Bin , Kim Nam Joong , Oh Myoung-Don , Choe Kang Won 
Published: March 2008

Summary Although adherence to clinic visits is important for successful clinical outcome in HIV treatment, little is known about the reasons patients with HIV miss appointments. We prospectively monitored the self-reported reasons for missed clinic appointments among HIV patients at a university hospital in South Korea from June through December 2006. Of the 1562 scheduled clinic visits, 131 (8%) of appointments were missed. Work schedule, forgetfulness and lack of motivation were the primary reasons given for missed appointments. Considering these factors when scheduling appointments may improve adherence to clinic attendance among HIV-infected patients.
Slips, breaks and ‘falls’: condom errors and problems reported by men attending an STD clinic
Authors: Crosby Richard , Yarber William L , Sanders Stephanie A , Graham Cynthia A , Arno Janet N 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe objective was to comprehensively assess the prevalence of condom-use errors and problems among male clients attending a public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Men ( n = 278) attending an STD clinic completed an anonymous questionnaire. Seven errors and six problems were assessed. Summative scores were tested for associations with three key variables. Of 834 condom-protected events: 19% were associated with ‘fit and feel’ problems, 15% involved breakage, 14% involved lost erection, 9% were associated with lost erection while applying condoms, 8% involved slippage during withdrawal and 7% involved slippage during sex. A mean of 6.4 errors/problems were observed. None of these summative variables (total errors, total problems or total of errors and problems) were significantly associated with age, minority status or whether men indicated they had ever been taught how to use condoms. Multiple types of condom-use errors and problems may be highly prevalent among high-risk men attending public STD clinics.
Human papillomavirus type-distribution in the cervix of Chinese women: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bao Y P , Li N , Smith J S , Qiao Y L 
Published: March 2008

Summary The aim of the study was to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) type-distribution in the cervix of Chinese women, and to estimate the potential future impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines for cervical cancer prevention in China. A total of 32 studies using polymerase chain reaction for HPV detection were included in the meta-analysis, including 2844 invasive cervical cancer (ICC), 820 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), 432 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 2902 women with normal cytology/histology. The overall and type-specific HPV prevalence of 18 HPV types (HPV 6, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73 and 82 of different cervical stages) were estimated. Overall HPV prevalence was 83.7%, 66.2%, 61.3% and 11.2% in ICC, HSIL, LSIL and normal, respectively. HPV 16 was the predominant type in all cervical stages. Estimated HPV 16/18-positive fractions in ICC, HSIL, LSIL and normal were 69.7%, 45.5%, 32.23% and 4.6%, respectively. HPV-16/18 vaccine has the 69.7% potential prevention in ICC. HPV 58 and 52 were the priority HPV types in Chinese women.