bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die radioaktive Galaxis. Astrophysik im Gammabereich
Authors: Diehl Roland , Hartmann Dieter 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGammalinien aus dem Zerfall von Isotopen, die im Innern von Sternen oder Supernovae fusioniert wurden, sind Gegenstand aktueller astrophysikalischer Forschung. Damit sind prinzipiell direkte Messungen der Kernfusionsbedingungen sowohl im Innern von Supernovae als auch insgesamt in den jüngsten Sterngenerationen in der Galaxis möglich. Neueste Instrumente illustrieren dies mit der Messung von Gammalinien der Isotope 56Ni, 44Ti und 26Al. Überdies haben sie mit der Beobachtung der Annihilationslinie von Positronen und Elektronen eine fundamentale astrophysikalische Frage über die Herkunft dieser Form von Antimaterie aufgeworfen.
Nichtlineare Optik mit einzelnen Licht‐ und Materieteilchen
Authors: Rempe Gerhard 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOptische Mikroresonatoren erlauben es, mit einzelnen Atomen und Photonen zu experimentieren und dabei eine starke Kopplung zwischen Licht und Materie herzustellen. Dies ermöglicht tiefe Einblicke in die Quantenphysik und bietet Perspektiven für neuartige Anwendung. Nun ist es unserer Gruppe am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Quantenoptik in Garching gelungen, zwei Photonen über ein Atom miteinander in Kontakt zu bringen.
Strom aus Osmose‐Kraftwerken
Authors: Peinemann Klaus‐Viktor , Skilhagen Stein‐Erik , Nielsen Werner Kofod 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie zunehmende Knappheit von Öl und Gas und die Notwendigkeit, den Ausstoß von Kohlendioxid zu reduzieren, verhilft auch unkonventionellen Kraftwerkskonzepten zu Aufmerksamkeit. Der norwegische Energiekonzern Statkraft plant für 2008 den Bau des weltweit ersten Prototypen eines Omose‐Kraftwerkes in Toft südwestlich von Oslo. Maßgeblich an der Membranentwicklung beteiligt ist das GKSS‐Forschungszentrum Geesthacht.
Hat das Urkilogramm bald ausgedient?
Authors: Becker Peter , Nicolaus Arnold 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFast alle Basiseinheiten des Internationalen Systems der Einheiten (SI) sind inzwischen durch atomare Konstanten oder Fundamentalkonstanten der Physik definiert. Nur das Kilogramm wird noch durch einen Prototypen, das Urkilogramm, repräsentiert. Seit langem schon laufen weltweit Versuche, auch das Kilogramm an Fundamentalkonstanten anzuschließen. Bei der Physikalisch‐Technischen Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig sind die Experten bei ihrem so genannten Avogadro‐Experiment einen wichtigen Schritt vorangekommen.
Kinetics and mechanism of the anilinolysis of S‐aryl N‐arylthiocarbamates in acetonitrile
Authors: Sung Dae Dong , Jang Hee Man , Jung Dae Il , Lee Ikchoon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aminolysis reactions of S‐aryl N‐arylthiocarbamates (YC6H4NHC(O)SC6H4Z, 1) with anilines in acetonitrile are studied. The reaction rates are more influenced by the nucleophilicity of the nucleophile than the nucleofugality of the leaving group, but the change in the effective charge from reactants to the TS for formation of the tetrahedral intermediate is slightly greater in the leaving group (βZ from−0.07 to −0.14) than in the nucleophile (βX = 0.04–0.12). The magnitude of the Brönsted coefficients are in the range of values that are consistent for a stepwise mechanism with rate‐limiting formation of the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate. Signs of cross‐interaction constants, ρXY (>0), ρXZ (>0) and ρYZ (<0), are all consistent with a stepwise mechanism. It is concluded that the change of the amine from benzylamines to anilines causes a shift of the aminolysis mechanism from a concerted to a stepwise process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The enthalpies of dissociation of the NO bonds in two quinoxaline derivatives
Authors: Gomes José R. B. , Monteiro André R. , Campos Bruno B. , Gomes Paula , da Silva Maria D. M. C. Ribeiro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe present work reports the first experimental thermochemical study of mono‐N‐oxides derived from quinoxaline, namely, 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐quinoxaline N‐oxide and 3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐quinoxaline N‐oxide. The values of the enthalpies of formation, in the condensed state, and of the enthalpies of sublimation, derived from static bomb calorimetry and Calvet microcalorimetry measurements, respectively, are combined to derive the standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous phase for these two compounds. From the latter values, the first and second NO bond dissociation enthalpies for the corresponding di‐N‐oxides have been obtained. The gas‐phase experimental results are also compared with calculated data obtained with a density functional theory approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Sterilization: What are the Conditions to Meet this Claim?
Authors: von Woedtke Thomas , Kramer Axel , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPlasma‐based processes to inactivate micro‐organisms are usually called ‘plasma sterilization’. Based on the debatable assumption of exponential first‐order micro‐organism inactivation kinetics, sterilization process validation is realizable by a combination of experimental tests and data extrapolation. In this article, an alternative concept for a solid and reproducible process qualification is proposed to guarantee reliable microbiological safety on a sufficient level for products that must be sterilized by alternative procedures like plasma processes. A proof of antimicrobial efficacy on the highest experimentally accessible level under experimentally realizable, reproducible, and statistically evaluable conditions is demanded.magnified image
Power Supply for Plasma Torches Based on a Class‐E Amplifier Configuration
Authors: Pérez‐Martínez José A. , Peña‐Eguiluz Rosendo , López‐Callejas Régulo , Mercado‐Cabrera Antonio , Alvarado Raúl Valencia , Barocio Samuel R. , de la Piedad‐Beneitez Aníbal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new RF power supply intended for low‐power plasma torches is presented. It is based on a class‐E amplifier, modified on the principle of a parallel LC resonant circuit, and is used here to supply the so‐called ‘plasma needle’. The latter is matched with a shunt inductor, and both are connected in parallel to the resonant capacitor C. This configuration is particularly useful for the control of stable discharge characteristics, for example, to resist naturally occurring variations in the load impedance, by providing the high voltage necessary to ignite and maintain the plasma. The overall system has been tested at atmospheric pressure by producing glow discharges in flows of helium and argon. We present early results that describe the device's characteristics.magnified image
Mechanical Characterization of Protein Crystals
Authors: Tait Stephan , White Edward T. , Litster James D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe mechanical properties (critical stress intensity factor, hardness and Young's modulus) of 4 crystalline materials (two proteins, lysozyme and glucose isomerase and two non‐proteins, glutamic acid and potassium sulphate) were measured with an indentation technique. It was found that the mechanical properties of lysozyme crystals depend on their state – dried, partly dried and moisture saturated – and their surroundings. The hardness, Young's modulus and the critical stress intensity factor of lysozyme crystals were observed to be much lower than those for the tested non‐proteins, leading to the conclusion that crystalline lysozyme is comparatively more fragile and softer. In combination the mechanical properties of lysozyme and the non‐proteins indicated that these materials were fairly brittle. Mechanical properties for crystals of the other protein, glucose isomerase, could not be quantified by indentation. However, qualitatively crystalline glucose isomerase was found to be more ductile and less fragile than crystalline lysozyme. The experimental findings were interpreted in terms of relative susceptibility to attrition and secondary nucleation in stirred industrial crystallizers.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome by cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent infant
Authors: Choi Jungi , Kim You‐Suk , Kim Mun‐Sup , Callaway Zak , Youn Un‐Ki , Kim Hyo‐Bin , Kim Chang‐Keun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA 2‐month‐old female infant was admitted with progressive respiratory distress, fever, and diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary pulmonary pathogen was proven to be cytomegalovirus (CMV) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, urine, and blood specimens. Other immunologic findings were normal. CMV‐induced ARDS has not been reported previously in immunocompetent infants. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:824–827. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hering–Breuer reflex, lung volume and position in prematurely born infants
Authors: Landolfo Francesca , Saiki Tolulope , Peacock Janet , Hannam Simon , Rafferty Gerrard F. , Greenough Anne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of position on the strength of the Hering–Breuer reflex in prematurely born infants and determine whether any differences seen were related to differences in lung or tidal volume between positions.Working HypothesisPosition related differences in the strength of the Hering–Breuer reflex relate to differences in lung or tidal volume.Study DesignProspective observational study.Patient/Subject SelectionEighteen infants, median gestational age 30 (range 25–32) weeks were studied.MethodologyInfants were examined in the supine and prone position, each position was maintained for 2 hr. At the end of each 2‐hr period, the strength of the Hering–Breuer reflex was assessed by determining the prolongation of expiration following an end inspiratory occlusion. In addition, tidal volume and functional residual capacity (FRC) were assessed in each position.ResultsThe strength of the Hering–Breuer reflex was greater (P = 0.01) and the mean FRC was higher (P < 0.0001) in the prone compared to the supine position. The position related differences in the strength of the reflex correlated significantly with position related differences in FRC (P = 0.05).ConclusionsThe Hering–Breuer reflex is stronger in the prone compared to the supine position. Our results suggest this is explained by position related differences in lung volume. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:767–771. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A combination therapy of whole lung lavage and GM‐CSF inhalation in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: Yamamoto Hajime , Yamaguchi Etsuro , Agata Hiroatsu , Kandatsu Nobuhisa , Komatsu Toru , Kawai Seiko , Baba Kenji , Awaya Tomonari , Nishikomori Ryuta , Tsurusawa Masahito , Nakata Koh 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSystemic and inhalation therapy of granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is usually effective in controlling autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), but some cases are refractory to GM‐CSF therapy and subjected to whole lung lavage (WLL). A 9‐year‐old girl developed severe respiratory failure due to autoimmune PAP was treated with inhalational 250 µg of GM‐CSF daily, however, it was ineffective. Unilateral WLL was performed three times and subsequent GM‐CSF inhalation therapy yielded marked physiological and radiological improvement and was continued for 1 year. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:828–830. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human urine biomarkers of renal cell carcinoma evaluated by ClinProt
Authors: Bosso Niccolò , Chinello Clizia , Picozzi Stefano Carlo Maria , Gianazza Erica , Mainini Veronica , Galbusera Carmen , Raimondo Francesca , Perego Roberto , Casellato Stefano , Rocco Francesco , Ferrero Stefano , Bosari Silvano , Mocarelli Paolo , Kienle Marzia Galli , Magni Fulvio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the major causes of cancer death and is radio‐ and chemoresistant. Urine of 29 healthy subjects and 39 clear cell RCC patients were analyzed using the ClinProt technique to search for possible biomarkers for early RCC diagnosis. A cluster of three signals (marker A= at m/z 1827 ± 8 Da, marker B = 1914 ± 8 Da and marker C = 1968 ± 8 Da) was able to discriminate patients from controls. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed values of area under the curve (AUC) higher than 0.9 for marker A and B, corresponding to a sensitivity of 85–90% and a specificity of 90%, while marker C gave a lower AUC (0.84) corresponding to sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 100%. The combination of three markers lead to an improvement in diagnostic efficacy, with specificity and sensitivity of 100% and 95%, respectively, in the training test and of 100% and of 85% in the test experiment. The efficacy of this cluster of signals to distinguish RCC patients grouped by tumor stage showed a sensibility of 100% for patients at the primary tumor 1 stage. One of the signals present in the cluster was identified as a fragment of Tamm‐Horsfall protein.
Characterization of the renal cyst fluid proteome in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients
Authors: Lai Xianyin , Bacallao Robert L. , Blazer‐Yost Bonnie L. , Hong David , Mason Stephen B. , Witzmann Frank A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by localized autonomous cellular proliferation, fluid accumulation within the cysts, and intraparenchymal fibrosis of the kidney. Little is known about the cyst fluid's protein composition. We hypothesized that the complex collection of cyst fluid proteins (cyst fluid proteome) plays a major role in cyst formation/maintenance and contains yet unknown diagnostic and mechanistic features that are common to all forms of PKD. We analyzed five kidney cyst fluids from four patients with ADPKD. Tryptic peptides from plasma‐protein immunodepleted (ProteoPrep®) and undepleted cyst fluid samples were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Proteins were identified by SEQUEST™ and validated via the Trans‐Proteomic Pipeline; 391 proteins were identified with >90% confidence; 251 of them in undepleted and 362 in immunodepleted samples. Immunodepletion removed >94% of the cyst fluid protein. A surprisingly large and functionally diverse number of proteins common to most cysts were identified. These proteins may be of mechanistic interest and include Ig γ, κ, and fragments; complement components; vitronectin; orosomucoid; prostaglandin D2 synthase; vitamin D‐binding protein; clusterin; SERPIN family proteins; hemopexin; and fetuin‐A. Additionally, these results suggest that further prefractionation and enhanced chromatographic separation of tryptic peptides is likely to expose an even greater number of relevant proteins.
Using proteomics to identify preprocedural risk factors for contrast induced nephropathy
Authors: Bennett Michael R. , Ravipati Neelima , Ross Gary , Nguyen Mai T. , Hirsch Russel , Beekman Robert H. , Rovner Leon , Devarajan Prasad 
Published: July 2008

AbstractContrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third leading cause of hospital acquired acute kidney injury (AKI). We conducted a cross‐sectional study in children undergoing elective cardiac catheterization to determine if there is a distinct preprocedural urinary proteomic profile in subjects who subsequently develop CIN. Of 90 patients enrolled, AKI due to CIN (defined as a 50% or greater increase in serum creatinine) occurred in 10 participants by the 24 h postcontrast time point. Seven patients who did not develop AKI served as age and gender matched controls. SELDI‐TOF‐MS was performed using ProteinChips with different chromatographic surfaces. A 4480 Da biomarker displayed significantly greater peak intensities on three chromatographic surfaces (p = 0.02–0.001) in control patients at time = 0 with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89–0.99. This biomarker was identified as the 41 amino acid (a.a.) variant of human beta‐defensin‐1. Another biomarker of 4631 Da was found to have a significantly greater peak intensity (p = 0.03) in AKI patients at time = 0, with an AUC of 0.84. Thus, the presence of a 4631 Da peptide, as well as the absence of the 41 a.a. variant of human beta‐defensin‐1 in the preprocedural urine, may prove to be useful biomarkers for the early prediction of CIN.
Proteomic analysis to improve adequacy of hemo‐ and peritoneal dialysis: Removal of small and high molecular weight proteins with high‐ and low‐flux filters or a peritoneal membrane
Authors: Dihazi Hassan , Müller Claudia A. , Mattes Harry , Müller Gerhard A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe reduction of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hemo‐ or peritoneal dialysis is strongly related to an efficient and selective clearance of uremic toxins. We used proteomics methods to analyze and further characterize the dialytic removal of still undefined middle and high molecular weigh proteins as a basis for further improvement of dialysis assessment. Dialysates from 26 hemodialysis patients treated with different types of low‐ (F6HPS®) and high‐flux (FX80®, APS650®, FX60®) filters as well as peritoneal fluids from 10 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were analyzed by SELDI‐TOF and 2‐DE. The protein patterns showed selective differences in the proteins cleared depending on the dialysis method used and the filter membrane. While SELDI analyses of dialysates from the F6HPS revealed almost no protein clearance, high‐flux filters and CAPD dialysates showed protein release of different molecular weight ranges. Furthermore, 2‐DE and MS analysis identified 48 different proteins from the dialysate of high‐flux filters and 21 from peritoneal dialysis fluids. In F6HPS dialysates, however, only few proteins could be identified.
A proteomic approach to immune‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Feighery Ronan , Maguire Patricia , Ryan Michael P. , McMorrow Tara 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in renal fibrosis. Initial renal injury enables the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the interstitium, and the resulting generation of inflammatory mediators that favour EMT may have a direct role in the development of renal fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the proteome of renal tubular epithelial cells undergoing EMT in vitro. The human proximal tubular cell line (HK‐2), exposed to conditioned medium from activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC‐CM), undergo phenotypic change, from an epithelial towards a fibroblastic phenotype, as evidenced by decreased E‐cadherin and increased fibronectin protein expression. Further proteomic analysis, using 2‐DE and Progenesis software, revealed the down‐regulation of 4 proteins and up‐regulation of 23 proteins. MS analysis allowed the positive identification of 15 differentially expressed proteins, including annexin A2, adipocyte plasma membrane‐associated protein, T‐complex protein 1, reticulocalbin‐1 precursor and moesin among others. Western blotting and quantitative real‐time PCR confirmed the increase in annexin A2 at the protein and gene level, respectively. Since annexin A2 and S100A6 exist as complexes in B‐1 cells, we investigated the S100A6 gene expression further and show an increased expression in HK‐2 cells following exposure to activated PBMC‐CM. Therefore, we have identified several potential proteins that could play key roles in immune‐mediated EMT.
CE‐MS analysis of the human urinary proteome for biomarker discovery and disease diagnostics
Authors: Coon Joshua J. , Zürbig Petra , Dakna Mohammed , Dominiczak Anna F. , Decramer Stéphane , Fliser Danilo , Frommberger Moritz , Golovko Igor , Good David M. , Herget‐Rosenthal Stefan , Jankowski Joachim , Julian Bruce A. , Kellmann Markus , Kolch Walter , Massy Ziad , Novak Jan , Rossing Kasper , Schanstra Joost P. , Schiffer Eric , Theodorescu Dan , Vanholder Raymond , Weissinger Eva M. , Mischak Harald , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOwing to its availability, ease of collection, and correlation with pathophysiology of diseases, urine is an attractive source for clinical proteomics. However, many proteomic studies have had only limited clinical impact, due to factors such as modest numbers of subjects, absence of disease controls, small numbers of defined biomarkers, and diversity of analytical platforms. Therefore, it is difficult to merge biomarkers from different studies into a broadly applicable human urinary proteome database. Ideally, the methodology for defining the biomarkers should combine a reasonable analysis time with high resolution, thereby enabling the profiling of adequate samples and recognition of sufficient features to yield robust diagnostic panels. CE‐MS, which was used to analyze urine samples from healthy subjects and patients with various diseases, is a suitable approach for this task. The database of these datasets compiled from the urinary peptides enables the diagnosis, classification, and monitoring of a wide range of diseases. CE‐MS exhibits excellent performance for biomarker discovery and allows subsequent biomarker sequencing independent of the separation platform. This approach may elucidate the pathogenesis of many diseases, and better define especially renal and urological disorders at the molecular level.
Electrostatics‐defying interaction between arginine termini as a thermodynamic driving force in protein–protein interaction
Authors: Pednekar Deepa , Tendulkar Abhijit , Durani Susheel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractApparent electrostatics‐defying clustering of arginines attributed as screening effect of solvent is in this study examined as a possible thermodynamic driving force in protein–protein interaction. A dataset of 266 protein dimers is found to have ∼22% arginines mutually paired and ∼17% pairs in interaction across interfaces and thus putative “hotspots” of protein–protein interaction. The pairing, uncorrelated with inter or intramolecular context, could be contributing in protein folding as well, and, uncorrelated with solvent access, could be driven by effects that are generic to solvent and protein structures. Mutually stacked at shorter distances but in diverse geometrical modes otherwise, the cations tend to be in gross deficit of hydrogen‐bond partners, and contributing electrostatics across protein–protein interface that, on average, is repulsive for protein–protein interaction. Embedded in local environment enriched in polarizable residues, aromatic, aliphatic, and anionic, the arginines may contribute to protein–protein interaction via environmental polarization response to electrostatics of cation clustering, a possible new principle in molecular recognition. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flexibility and charge asymmetry in the activation loop of Src tyrosine kinases
Authors: Banavali Nilesh K. , Roux Benoît 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRegulated activity of Src kinases is critical for cell growth. Src kinases can be activated by trans‐phosphorylation of a tyrosine located in the central activation loop of the catalytic domain. However, because the required exposure of this tyrosine is not observed in the down‐regulated X‐ray structures of Src kinases, transient partial opening of the activation loop appears to be necessary for such processes. Umbrella sampling molecular dynamics simulations are used to characterize the free energy landscape of opening of the hydrophilic part of the activation loop in the Src kinase Hck. The loop prefers a partially open conformation where Tyr416 has increased accessibility, but remains partly shielded. An asymmetric distribution of the charged residues in the sequence near Tyr416, which contributes to shielding, is found to be conserved in Src family members. A conformational equilibrium involving exchange of electrostatic interactions between the conserved residues Glu310 and Arg385 or Arg409 affects activation loop opening. A mechanism for access of unphosphorylated Tyr416 into an external catalytic site is suggested based on these observations. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.