bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Synthesis of Group‐14 Polyanions by Extraction of a Binary Alloy with dmf and a Novel Conformation of the (Ge9−Ge9)6− Dimer: Crystal Structures of [K6(Ge9−Ge9)](dmf)12, [Rb6(Ge9−Ge9)](dmf)12 and [K2.5Cs3.5(Ge9−Ge9)](dmf)12.
Authors: Nienhaus Anke , Hoffmann Stephan D. , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCrystals of the title compounds [K6(Ge9−Ge9)](dmf)12 (1) and [Rb6(Ge9−Ge9)](dmf)12 (2) have been synthesized by dissolving binary phases of the formal composition K4Ge9 and Rb4Ge9, respectively, in N,N‐dimethylformamide (dmf) and subsequent cooling to −36 °C. [K2.5Cs3.5(Ge9−Ge9)](dmf)12 (3) was obtained as a by‐product during the reaction of K2Cs2Ge9 with sulphur in dmf. Single crystal structure analyses of 1, 2 and 3 show that all compounds contain dimeric [Ge9−Ge9]6− units. The dimers are connected via the alkali metal atoms in form of [(A+)3(μ2−dmf)6] chains and build a two‐dimensional square net of the composition $^{2}_{\infty}\rm \{A_{6}(dmf)_{12}[Ge_{9}-Ge_{9}]\}$ with A = K and Rb for 1 and 2, respectively. [(Cs+−K+−Cs+)(μ2−dmf)6] linkages bridge the dimers in 3 under formation of $^{2}_{\infty}\rm \{K_{2.5}Cs_{3.5}(dmf)_{12}[Ge_{9}-Ge_{9}]\}$. 1 crystallized in the tetragonal space group I4 with a = b = 34.003(5), c = 17.366(4) Å, V = 20078(6) Å3, Z = 8, compound 2 in the triclinic space group $I{\bar 4}$ with a = 13.501(3), b = 14.766(3), c = 21.426(4) Å, α = 88.11(3)°, β = 86.76(3)°, γ = 75.54(3)°, V = 4129(1) Å3; Z = 2 and 3 in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 21.459(4), b = 17.153(3), c = 22.939(5) Å, β = 93.37(3)°, V = 8429(3) Å3, Z = 4. The dimer consists of two Ge9 clusters, whose shapes are best described as C2ν‐distorted monocapped square antiprisms. The clusters are connected via an exo Ge–Ge bond with its orientation either co‐linear to the shorter diagonal of the open rectangular of the antiprism or radial with respect to the cluster centre in a new type of [Ge9−Ge9]6− dimer.
The Stepwise Fragmentation and Modification of a Structurally well‐defined Metalloid Cluster in the Gas‐Phase – from [Ge9R3]− (R = Si(SiMe3)3) to [Ge9]− and [Ge9Si]−
Authors: Koch Katharina , Schnepf Andreas , Schnöckel Hansgeorg 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe structurally well characterized metalloid cluster species [Ge9R3]− (R = Si(SiMe3)3) is investigated in the gas phase after electrospray ionisation (ESI) by means of FT‐ICR mass spectrometry. In collision experiments (SORI‐CAD) the anions [Ge9]− and [Ge9Si]− are obtained, each of them in another reaction channel. The former one, the anion Ge9−, results from the parent ion in a formal reduction process. Since [Ge9]− anions can also be generated from Zintl‐anions [Ge9]n− via a formal oxidation process these experiments link the solid‐state chemistry of Zintl‐anions to the molecular chemistry of metalloid clusters. The formation of the latter one, the anion [Ge9Si]−, reveals in which way a metal atom cluster core can be expanded, in this case from nine to ten atoms. All experimental findings are simulated by means of DFT calculations.
Complexes of Group 1 Salts with N,N′‐Aromatic Bidentate Ligands, of (Oligo‐/Poly‐) Nuclear or Ionic 1 : 2 Salt : Base Ratio
Authors: Buttery Jarrod H. N. , Effendy  , Mutrofin Siti , Plackett Neil C. , Skelton Brian W. , Somers Neil , Whitaker Claire R. , White Allan H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the preceding paper an array of salts of MX : L(:S) (1:2(:n)) stoichiometry of simple mononuclear form, with coordinated X or S were described, MX = simple group 1 salt, L = 1,10‐phenanthroline (‘phen’) or 2,9‐dimethyl,1,10‐phenanthroline (‘dmp’), crystallized from (methanol) solution and characterized by single crystal X‐ray studies. This paper describes a parallel isostoichiometric array in which the metal atoms exist in environments of nitrogen atoms only, of polymeric/ionic form. Adducts LiX : dmp : MeOH (1:2(:n)), isomorphous [Li(dmp)2]X(·MeOH), are described for X = I, ClO4 (n=1), O3SCF3 (= ‘triflate’, tfs) (n = 0). Adducts MX : phen (:MeOH) (1:2(:n)) form a wide‐ranging array of structures with discrete anions and stacked cations with a variety of metal geometries and L coordination modes, the stacks discrete in monoclinic C2/c (MX = NaPF6, n = 0), interleaving/overlapping in orthorhombic Pnc2 (MX = LiI), expanded to Pnna (MX = LiClO4), and a familial array with a basis ca. 6 × 13 × 24Å (axes sometimes doubled), variously monoclinic, P21/x (β ∼ 90°) or orthorhombic Pca21 or Pbcn for MX = LiI, NaBr, NaPF6, NaSCN, KI, KSCN, KPF6, RbI, culminating in a remarkable ‘defective cation’ adduct of NaPF6 : phen (6:13) stoichiometry. Two isomorphous binuclear adducts, Mtfs : phen (1:2)2, M = K, Rb, are interesting examples of ‘terminated stacks’ of the form [(phen)2M(μ‐phen)2M(OSO2CF3)2].
A Simultaneous Hydrolysis, Deaminization, and Self‐assembly Reaction under Hydrothermal Conditions Affording a Novel Hydroge–Bonding Network: NH4[Cu(H2CAC)2]
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian , Yin Pei‐Xiu , Cheng Jian‐Kai , Li Zhao‐Ji , Yao Yuan‐Gen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA copper(I) complex, NH4[Cu(H2CAC)2] (1) (H3CAC = cyanuric acid) has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction , IR spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 features an 3D framework incorporating 2D polyanionic brick‐wall like plane $\rm [Cu(H_{2}CAC)_{2}]^{n-}_{n}$ which are held together by NH4+ cations through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd with the cell parameters a = 36.729(2), b = 12.5829(8), c = 9.3590(7) Å, V = 4325.3(5) Å3, Z = 16.
Thermodynamic Estimations of Defect Equilibria and Vacancy Concentrations in ZnS
Authors: Wiedemeier Heribert 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWith the equilibrium constants for atomic vacancies, KS, for electronic charge carriers, Ki, and for the vaporization of ZnS, Kp, the densities of atomic point defects and of electronic charge carriers were obtained as a function of temperature. The computed metal vacancy concentrations of ZnS are in close agreement with independently reported experimental data. Combining KS and Ki values with vacancy formation reactions and with equilibrium partial pressures of the constituent species yielded the relative concentrations of doubly ionized metal and noñmetal vacancies and of electronic carriers as a function of pressure. The point of material stoichiometry is given by the expression Log(K8pM)stoich. = Log Ki + 1/2 Log KS, which is generally true, but different from that for singly ionized vacancies.With the stoichiometry relationship, derived in this work, and partial pressures of the relevant species, equilibrium constants for individual vacancy formation reactions are computed as a function of temperature. The resulting Zn vacancy densities are in close agreement with those based on the Schottky constant alone and with those of independent experimental data. In addition, the predominant vacancy type (conductivity) can be predicted from the individual reactions. These results are useful for the optimization of synthesis conditions, and for the characterization of materials.
Ho11ClTe16O48: Ein extrem chlorarmes Chlorid‐Oxotellurat(IV) des dreiwertigen Holmiums
Authors: Meier Steffen F. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHo11ClTe16O48: An Extremly Chlorine‐Poor Chloride Oxotellurate(IV) of Trivalent HolmiumWhile attempting to synthesize Ho2Te3O9 by reacting Ho2O3 with TeO2 (800 °C, 12 d) chloride from the CsCl flux was incidently mobilized and as by‐product, Ho11ClTe16O48 (triclinic, ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$; a = 551.52(3), b = 1193.54(6), c = 1834.63(9) pm, α = 100.814(3), β = 95.443(3), γ = 100.175(3)°; Z = 1), the first example of this new composition in the field of lanthanoid(III) chloride oxotellurates(IV) has been obtained. The six crystallographically different Ho3+ cations experience a six‐, seven‐ and eightfold coordination through oxygen atoms (d(Ho3+−O2−) = 221 – 280 pm), leading to octahedral, triangle‐square polyhedral, capped trigonal prismatic and square antiprismatic coordination figures. Initially, the corresponding [HoOn] polyhedra convene to layers parallel to the (001) plane via edge and corner sharing which again combine to a [Ho11O48]63− network via other individual [(Ho6)O6] octahedra and [(Ho2)2O4/2O4/1] chains along [100], whose three‐dimensional characteristic is unique among the lanthanoid(III) oxotellurates(IV) known to date. The eight crystallographically independent Te4+ cations exhibit coordination numbers of 3 and 3+1 in relation to oxygen, except Te1 with 3+1 O2− plus 1 Cl− as anionic neighbours. Apart from isolated [TeO3]2− polyhedra (Ψ1 tetrahedra: d(Te4+−O2−) = 184 – 196 pm) only double and triple groupings occur even in considering secondary Te4+···O2− contacts (d′(Te4+···O2−) = 218 – 264 pm). As with HoCl[TeO3], the tellurium‐oxygen partial structure does not get beyond a “zero‐dimensional” expression. The Te4+ cations adjust so well while lining the empty cavities within the $^{3}_{\infty}\rm [Ho_{11}O_{48}]^{63-}$ network, that still only two Te4+‐decorated channel types (oval and round) remain unoccupied, offering space for the non‐bonding electron pairs (“lone pairs”). The Cl− anions reside in the bigger oval channels (d(Cl−−Te4+) = 286, 352 and 358 pm, 2 × each). In the default of binding Ho3+−Cl− contacts, the correct description of this new compound would thus be holmium(III) oxochlorotellurate(IV) Ho11[Te16O48Cl] according to Ho11[TeO3]2[Te2O6]2[Te3O9]2{Cl[Te2O6]2}. The presence of chloride was not only detected by the structure refinement on the basis of X‐ray diffraction data, but also even in such small quantities by elementary analysis with the electron‐beam microprobe.
Molecular genetic analysis of a female patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency: detection of a new mutation and differential expression of mutant gene product in cultured cells
Authors: Ito M. , Naito E. , Yokota I. , Takeda E. , Matsuda J. , Hirose M. , Sejima H. , Aiba H. , Hojo H. , Kuroda Y. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryA new 18 bp insertion mutation in the gene for the α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1α) was found in a female patient with congenital lactic acidaemia. Cultured skin fibroblasts and Epstein—Barr virus‐transformed lymphoblastoid cells from this patient showed decreased and normal pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity, respectively. This 18 bp insertion was ade novo mutation, because it was not present in her parents. Although this female patient was heterozygous for the normal and the mutant alleles, 97% of cultured skin fibroblasts expressed the mutant allele, while 100% of cultured lymphoblastoid cells, 94% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and 98% of IL‐2‐activated T‐cells expressed the normal allele. These results suggest that in this patient the X chromosome containing the normal allele was predominantly inactivated in fibroblasts and the X chromosome containing the mutant allele was predominantly inactivated in lymphocytes. The diagnosis of E1α deficiency is usually established by measurement of PDHC activity and the level of immunoreactive proteins. However, these methods are not sufficient to diagnose the disorder in female patients with E1α deficiency due to differential inactivation of the X chromosome. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new method to firmly establish the diagnosis of E1α deficiency.
Multiple transport protein defects in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1: GSD 1b/1cβ
Authors: Hawkins R. A. , Kamath K. R. , Scott H. M. , Burchell A. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryA male child presented at 5 months of age with vomiting, diarrhoea, hypoglycaemia and hepatomegaly. Histology on a frozen liver biopsy suggested glycogen storage disease (GSD), while biochemical analyses confirmed an elevated glycogen content and normal activities of the GSD enzymes with the proviso that a variant of GSD 1 should be considered. The patient presented at 9 months of age with severe lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia. A glucagon tolerance test and galactose load test on the patient produced no glycaemic response. A second biopsy was obtained and appropriately handled for the investigation of variants of the glucose‐6‐phosphatase enzyme (G6Pase) complex. Results showed that the patient had a deficiency of two transport proteins of the G6Pase complex, namely glucose‐6‐phosphate translocase and pyrophosphate translocase, i.e. GSD 1b/1cβ. These results were confirmed by additional kinetic analyses which provided confirmation of the double translocase deficiency. Evidence for inhibitors to these translocases was not found. The patient's treatment has resulted in the hypoglycaemia now being well controlled; however, at 3 years of age, height and weight are markedly lagging and he is moderately developmentally delayed. Neutropenia has not been found and neutrophil function is normal. Double enzyme deficiencies are very rare and possible explanations which might lead to this phenotype are considered. This, to the authors' knowledge, is the first report of a double translocase deficiency causing GSD type 1.
On the differences between urinary metabolite excretion and odd‐numbered fatty acid production in propionic and methylmalonic acidaemias
Authors: Wendel U. , Eißler A. , Sperl W. , Schadewaldt P. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryIn five subjects with methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) and five with propionic acidaemia (PA) both the level of odd‐numbered fatty acids (OLCFA) in erythrocyte lipids and the excretion of propionate‐derived metabolites in urine were longitudinally analysed. At a given intake of amino acid precursors of propionyl‐CoA and otherwise stable metabolic conditions, subjects with MMA excreted considerably more propionate‐derived metabolites, and accumulated less OLCFA in erythrocyte lipids than subjects with PA. We suggest that renal metabolite excretion indicates the efflux of organic acids from cells and might be a measure of the individually determined intracellular relief from toxic acyl‐CoA esters. It does not necessarily reflect the total amount of acyl‐CoA intermediates produced in the body. OLCFA levels seem to reflect the continuous burden of propionyl‐CoA toxicity within the cells and thereby might serve as a reliable tool for evaluating the quality of long‐term metabolic control in these disorders.
Adenylosuccinase deficiency: a patient with impaired erythrocyte activity and anomalous response to intravenous fructose
Authors: Salerno C. , Crifò C. , Giardini O. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryClinical and biochemical data are presented on an Italian patient with adenylosuccinase deficiency of both erythrocytes and mixed peripheral blood lymphocytes. The erythrocyte enzyme showed normal substrate affinity, but decreased thermal stability. The patient displayed an anomalous response to an intravenous fructose tolerance test with a rise in plasma [Mg2+] and [K+] and a drop in plasma levels of inorganic phosphate, glucose, urate and succinylnucleosides upon fructose injection.
Characterization of glucocerebrosidase in Greek Gaucher disease patients: mutation analysis and biochemical studies
Authors: Michelakakis H. , Dimitriou E. , Van Weely S. , Boot R. G. , Mavridou I. , Verhoek M. , Aerts J. M. F. G. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryGaucher disease is the most frequent lysosomal storage disease in Greece, accounting for 24% of all lysosomal disorders diagnosed during the last 13 years at the Institute of Child Health in Athens. The nature of the defects in glucocerebrosidase in Greek Gaucher patients with non‐neuronopathic (type 1) and neuronopathic (types 2 and 3) phenotypes was investigated at the level of the glucocerebrosidase gene and enzyme activity. Mutation analysis performed in 10/23 Gaucher patients with different types of the disorder led to the identification of four mutations, N370S, L444P, R463C and D409H, comprising 75% of the investigated alleles. N370S was only found in association with type 1 disease. The genotype D409H/R463C was identified for the first time and was associated with the severe type 2 disorder. There was no correlation between residualin vitro enzyme activity and either phenotype or genotype. However, in cultured fibroblasts of the neuronopathic cases, glucocerebrosidase protein concentration was reduced and the capacity to degrade exogenous C6NBD‐glucosylceramide was more severely impaired.
Occurrence of a mutation associated with Wolman disease in a family with cholesteryl ester storage disease
Authors: Maslen C. L. , Babcock D. , Illingworth D. R. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryCholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) and Wolman disease (McKusick 278000) are two distinct autosomal recessive disorders, both attributable to a severe reduction in acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase/lysosomal acid lipase activity (EC 3.1.1.13). We have identified compound heterozygous mutations in a family with two siblings affected with CESD. Molecular genetic analysis revealed two mutations one of which has previously been seen only in Wolman disease. Analysis of these mutations acting in concert provides new insight into the correlation of genotype with phenotype in these allelic disorders.
Platelets in treated adrenoleukodystrophy: a brief report
Authors: Revell P. , Green A. , Green S. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryPlatelet counts have been noted to be low in patients treated with high‐oil diet therapy for adrenoleukodystrophy. We suggest that some of these observations are spurious but that others reflect a true thrombocytopenia. Visual platelet counts are recommended.
Estimation of economically optimum seed rates for winter wheat from series of trials
Authors: THEOBALD C. M. , ROBERTS A. M. I. , TALBOT M. , SPINK J. H. 
Published: August 2006

The results of recent trials for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have influenced farming practice in the UK by encouraging the use of lower seed rates. Spink et al. (2000) have demonstrated that, particularly if sown early, wheat can compensate for reduced plant populations by increased tiller production.Results from seed-rate trials are usually analysed separately for each environment or each combination of environment and variety, and not combined into a single model. They therefore address the question of what the best seed rate would have been for each combination, rather than answer the more relevant question of what rate to choose for a future site. The current paper presents a Bayesian method for combining data from seed-rate trials and choosing optimum seed rates: this method can incorporate information on seed and treatment costs, crop value and covariates. More importantly, for use as an advisory tool, it allows incorporation of expert knowledge of the crop and of the target site.The method is illustrated using two series of trials: the first, carried out at two sites in 1997–99, investigated the effects of sowing date and variety in addition to seed rate. The second was conducted at seven sites in 2001–03 and included latitude and certain management factors. Recommended seed rates based on these series vary substantially with sowing date and latitude.Two non-linear dose-response functions are fitted to the data, the widely used exponential-plus-linear function and the inverse-quadratic function (Nelder 1966). The inverse-quadratic function is found to provide a better fit to the data than the exponential-plus-linear and the latter function gives estimated optimum rates which are as much as 40% lower. The economic consequences of using one function rather than the other are not great in these circumstances.The method is found to be robust to changes in the prior distribution and to other changes in the model used for dependence of yield on sowing date, latitude, variety and management factors.
Adenosine‐evoked Na+transport in human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Chambers L A , Constable M , Clunes M T , Olver R E , Ko W H , Inglis S K , Wilson S M 
Published: August 2006

Background and purpose:Absorptive epithelia express apical receptors that allow nucleotides to inhibit Na+transport but ATP unexpectedly stimulated this process in an absorptive cell line derived from human bronchiolar epithelium (H441 cells) whilst UTP consistently caused inhibition. We have therefore examined the pharmacological basis of this anomalous effect of ATP.Experimental approach:H441 cells were grown on membranes and the short circuit current (ISC) measured in Ussing chambers. In some experiments, [Ca2+]iwas measured fluorimetrically using Fura ‐2. mRNAs for adenosine receptors were determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Key results:Cross desensitization experiments showed that the inhibitory response to UTP was abolished by prior exposure to ATP whilst the stimulatory response to ATP persisted in UTP‐pre‐stimulated cells. Apical adenosine evoked an increase inISCand this response resembled the stimulatory component of the response to ATP, and could be mimicked by adenosine receptor agonists. Pre‐stimulation with adenosine abolished the stimulatory component of the response to ATP. mRNA encoding A1, A2Aand A2Breceptor subtypes, but not the A3subtype, was detected in H441 cells and adenosine receptor antagonists could abolish the ATP‐evoked stimulation of Na+absorption.Conclusions and implications:The ATP‐induced stimulation of Na+absorption seems to be mediated via A2A/Breceptors activated by adenosine produced from the extracellular hydrolysis of ATP. The present data thus provide the first description of adenosine‐evoked Na+transport in airway epithelial cells and reveal a previously undocumented aspect of the control of this physiologically important ion transport process.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)149, 43–55. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706822
Matrix metalloproteinases contribute to endotoxin and interleukin‐1β induced vascular dysfunction
Authors: Lalu M M , Cena J , Chowdhury R , Lam A , Schulz R 
Published: August 2006

Background and purpose:The acute vascular inflammatory dysfunction associated with endotoxaemia may reflect an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their natural inhibitors (TIMPs), induced by the endotoxin. This possibility was tested in rat aortic tissue.Experimental approaches:Tone induced by phenylephrine in aortic rings was measured after exposure in vitro to ambient lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) for 6h, with or without MMP inhibitors (doxycycline or GM6001). Gelatinase and MMP activities, TIMP proteins and contractility were measured in aortae taken from rats 6h after receiving LPS in vivo.Key results:Inhibition of MMP prevented the loss of phenylephrine–induced tone in aortic rings after LPS or IL‐1β. IL‐1β also increased release of MMP‐2 activity from aortic tissue. In aortae exposed in vivo to LPS, net gelatinase, MMP‐9 activities and TIMP‐1 protein levels were increased, whereas TIMP‐4 was reduced. These aortae were hypocontractile to both phenylephrine and KCl. Hypocontractility was partially reversed by doxycycline ex vivo.Conclusions and Implications:MMP inhibitors ameliorate vascular hyporeactivity induced by either LPS or IL‐1β in vitro. LPS in vivo alters the balance between MMPs and TIMPs, contributing to vascular dysfunction which is partially reversed by MMP inhibitors. Vascular MMPs are activated as a result of LPS or IL‐1β‐induced stress and contribute to the hyporeactivity of blood vessels to vasoconstrictors.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 149, 31–42. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706823