bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Philosophy of the Universal Spirit as a theoretical and methodological basis for cultural knowledge of the uniqueness of Russia
Authors: Khvoshchevskaia Irina Valer'evna 
Published: April 2024

The article presents an analysis of such categories as "unconscious", "universal spirit", "spiritual and national identity", "collectivism". The concepts of the essence of the spirit developed by G. V. F. Hegel are considered. The conclusion is made about the relationship between the Hegelian category of the universal spirit and spiritual and national identity. The problem of the Russian idea is considered, the main directions of its resolution are outlined. The evolution of ideas about the spiritual and national identity of Russians is described. It is noted that the conclusions about the universality of the spirit and its relationship with the spiritual and national identity of Russians are of great practical importance. The author notes that the conclusions about the universality of the spirit and its relationship with the spiritual and national identity of Russians are of great practical importance. The research can be used to develop strategies for the preservation and development of the cultural heritage of peoples, as well as for a deeper understanding of the processes of formation and development of national identity. The author used methods of philosophical analysis and interpretation of philosophical texts, a historical method to study the evolution of ideas about the spiritual and national identity of Russians, a comparative analysis of various approaches to the problem of the Russian idea, a study of the socio-cultural context of the formation of spiritual and national identity. The author also used analytical and synthetic methods to identify relationships. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it is an attempt to integrate G. V. F. Hegel's philosophical concepts of the universal spirit with the problems of spiritual and national identity. In addition, the study offers a new approach to understanding the formation of spiritual and national identity, based on Hegelian philosophy. This approach allows us to consider national identity not only as a subjective sense of belonging to a particular nation, but also as a manifestation of the universal spirit, which is embodied through collective values, ideals and cultural traditions. Thus, this study contributes to the development of the philosophy of national identity, offering a new interpretation of its nature and connections with the universal spirit. The results obtained can be used for a deeper understanding of the processes of formation and development of national identity, as well as for the development of strategies for the preservation and development of the cultural heritage of peoples.
Impact of Climate Change on Soil Wetness and Cocoa Production in Ondo State, Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Farming Practices
Authors: Ibe O. . , Aremu-Dele O. . , KA. Oluyole , AO. Famaye , RR. Ipinmoroti 
Published: April 2024

Cocoa is a strategic economic crop and a major source of foreign exchange for Nigeria, for which Ondo State is the leading producing area. However, its production has been marked with much fluctuation over the years with a reduction in yield of 40 to 50% due to insect menace. A study was conducted that covers all the Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ondo State and datasets on rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, Surface Soil Wetness (SSW) and Root Zone Soil Wetness (RZSW) were sourced from the database of National Aeronautic Space Agency (NASA). The data were analyzed using the least square regression and correlation coefficient analyses. The results obtained showed that temperatures, relative humidity, the rainfall pattern as well as SSW and RZSW had similar impacts in 38.89% of the LGAs, while their effects varied in the remaining 61.11%. For the 42 years of observation, the temperature and relative humidity increased by 0.0033° C and 0.019% per annum at R2 values of 0.0045 and 0.0862 respectively while the rainfall decreased by 17.37mm per annum at R2 value of 0.1021. The values of SSW and RZSW decreased by 0.0005 and 0.0006 per annum at R2 of 0.0451 and 0.036 respectively. There was a positive correlation of 0.152, 0.758, 0.762 and 0.995 between temperature and rainfall, rainfall and SSW, rainfall and RZSE as well as SSW and RZSW respectively. The correlations between temperature and relative humidity; SSW, RZSW and years of observations of -0.359, -0.212 and -0.190 respectively were inversed. This indicated that climate change had led to high relative humidity, temperatures and decreased rainfall, with a reduction in SSW and RZSW. High relative humidity favours the growth and development of various fungi that were noted for causing diseases of cocoa which necessitates the need for adoption of good agricultural practices (GAP) to mitigate reductions in cocoa production in the studied LGAs in Ondo state.
QM/MM‐Methoden für biomolekulare Systeme
Authors: Senn Hans Martin , Thiel Walter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractQuantenmechanische/molekülmechanische (QM/MM‐)Verfahren sind die Methode der Wahl für die theoretische Behandlung reaktiver oder anderer elektronischer Prozesse in Biomolekülen. Der Aufsatz diskutiert methodische Aspekte des QM/MM‐Ansatzes, seine Verwendung in Optimierungs‐ und Simulationsstudien sowie verschiedene Anwendungsfelder, immer im Hinblick auf biomolekulare Systeme.magnified imageKombinierte quantenmechanische/molekülmechanische (QM/MM‐) Ansätze sind zur Methode der Wahl bei der Modellierung von Reaktionen in biomolekularen Systemen geworden. Einerseits braucht man quantenmechanische Methoden, um chemische Reaktionen und andere elektronische Prozesse wie Ladungstransfer oder elektronische Anregungen zu beschreiben; allerdings bleibt deren Anwendbarkeit auf Systeme mit bis zu einigen hundert Atomen beschränkt. Andererseits fordert die Größe und konformative Komplexität von Biopolymeren Methoden, mit denen man Systeme mit 100 000 oder mehr Atomen behandeln und über eine Zeitskala von einigen Nanosekunden simulieren kann. Dies ist mit effizienten kraftfeldbasierten molekularmechanischen Verfahren möglich. Zur Beschreibung großer Biomoleküle bietet es sich daher an, quantenmechanische Methoden für die chemisch aktive Region (z. B. Substrate und Cofaktoren in einer enzymatischen Reaktion) zu nutzen und mit einer molekularmechanischen Behandlung der Umgebung (z. B. Protein und Solvens) zu kombinieren. Die resultierenden Ansätze werden gemeinhin als kombinierte oder Hybrid‐QM/MM‐Methoden bezeichnet. Sie ermöglichen die Modellierung reaktiver biomolekularer Systeme mit vertretbarem Rechenaufwand und der nötigen Genauigkeit.
Titelbild: Microcontainers with Fluorescent Anisotropic Zeolite L Cores and Isotropic Silica Shells (Angew. Chem. 7/2009)
Authors: Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Fibikar Sandra , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , De Cola Luisa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanocontainer aus Zeolith‐A‐Kristallen wurden mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen befüllt und als Kern eines “Kasten‐im‐Kasten”‐SiO2‐Konstrukts, ähnlich einer russischen Matroschka, verwendet, wie A. Guerrero‐Martínez, L. de Cola et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 1292 ff. schildern. Die anisotropen Kerne und isotropen Schalen des Mehrfarbemittersystems sind durch eine Polyelektrolytschicht getrennt und können unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden. Dieser Aufbau eröffnet faszinierende Perspektiven für multifunktionelle Nanosysteme.magnified image
Characterization of Supercomplex Crude Oil Mixtures: What Is Really in There?
Authors: Panda Saroj K. , Andersson Jan T. , Schrader Wolfgang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThrough different windows: One major obstacle in energy research is the complexity and variety of compounds present in crude oil. A study of different ionization methods for mass spectrometry shows that the mass spectrum very strongly depends on which method is used.magnified image
Total Synthesis of Azithromycin
Authors: Kim Hyoung Cheul , Kang Sung Ho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe quaternary king: Azithromycin (1), which has improved pharmacological profiles compared with erythromycins, was the target of an enantioselective synthesis. All the stereogenic quaternary carbon centers were elaborated by a desymmetrization of 2‐substituted glycerols using a chiral imine/CuCl2 catalyst.magnified image
Linking Borane with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Effective Hydrogen‐Atom Donors for Radical Reactions
Authors: Walton John C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUndue influence: N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were found to reduce the strength of the BH bonds of borane by a surprisingly large amount upon the formation of NHC–BH3 complexes. This property was exploited in the development of a suite of NHC–borane complexes for the reduction of xanthates in radical‐mediated Barton–McCombie‐type deoxygenation reactions (see scheme). AIBN=azobisisobutyronitrile, Bn=benzyl.magnified image
Thallium(I) as a Coordination Site Protection Agent: Preparation of an Isolable Zero‐Valent Nickel Tris‐Isocyanide
Authors: Fox Brian J. , Millard Matthew D. , DiPasquale Antonio G. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Figueroa Joshua S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBlocking the pass: Low‐valent Ni centers readily bind TlI ions in a synthetically reversible fashion. The Tl units, in turn, serve as coordination site protection agents for Ni with respect to incoming Lewis basic ligands. This synthetic sequence allows for the isolation of a reactive zero‐valent Ni tris‐isocyanide complex.magnified image
Synthesis of graphite nanosheets/polyaniline nanorods composites with ultrasonic and conductivity
Authors: Mo Zunli , Shi Huafeng , Chen Hong , Niu Guiping , Zhao Zhongli , Wu Yingbing 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe graphite nanosheets/polyaniline (GN/PANI) nanorods composites were fabricated via ultrasonic polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of GN, which was used as electric filling. The kind of doped acids, the concentration, and the contents of the GN were used as impact factors to the conductivity of the materials that were investigated. The structure of nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results show that ultrasonic can effectively restrain the agglomerate of the aniline and come to uniformity nanorods composites. The conductivity reached to 4.8 S/cm and 22 S/cm, respectively. The thermal stability of GN/PANI nanorods composites is superior to pure PANI as shown by TG analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Fluorinated 1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Hamdy M. , El‐Koussi Nawal A. , Hassan Hoda Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA series of fluorinated 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acid derivatives was designed and synthesized as fluoroquinolone analogues. The synthesized compounds were screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain at 6.25 μg/mL concentration. Compound 4, the 7‐oxo‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acid was found to be a very potent inhibitor, being able to inhibit 92% growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 6.25 μg/mL concentration. At the same time, it proofed to be nontoxic to mammalian cells (IC50 > 62.5 μg/mL in VERO cells).
The clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the palmaris longus muscle in the Black African population of Zimbabwe and a proposed new testing technique
Authors: Gangata Hope 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe presence of the palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is highly variable. Rates of absence vary from 0.6% in the Korean population to as high as 63.9% in the Turkish population. The tendon of PLM may be absent on one or both forearms, may have duplicated tendons on one forearm or may be laterally shifted to the extent that the tendon of the PLM lies superficial to that of flexor carpi radialis muscle. Among Black American populations, in which there is usually mixed ancestry, rates of absence are 3.5%. Only two studies have been performed on Black African populations: in Republic of Congo and Uganda, and each showed widely differing rates of absence of 3.0% and 14.6%, respectively. In this study, a total of 890 Black Zimbabwean subjects in Harare aged between 8 and 13 years, were examined for clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the tendon of PLM. The results showed that the tendon of the PLM was absent unilaterally in 0.9% of the population, and bilaterally absent in 0.6% with an overall rate of absence of 1.5%. Other variations noted were a laterally shifted PLM in 1.1% of subjects and duplicated tendons on one forearm, which was the least prevalent anomaly, in 0.2% of subjects. The author proposes a new technique to test the tendon of PLM, which combines resisted thumb abduction and resisted wrist flexion. The proposed technique capitalizes on the role of the PLM as an important abductor of the thumb. Clin. Anat. 22:230–235, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic variations of the prostatic utricle
Authors: Oh Chang‐Seok , Chung In‐Hyuk , Won Hyung‐Sun , Kim Jang Hwan , Nam Kwang‐Il 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAnatomical variations of the prostatic utricle (PU) have rarely been reported despite an understanding of them being required for diagnosing and treating PU anomalies. This study was performed on 57 prostates to clarify the variations of this structure. Fifty prostates were dissected under a surgical microscope, five prostates were used for ultrasonography and dissection, and two others were processed for light microscopy and reconstructed into 3D models. The PU was classified into three types based on the location of its pouch. The most common type was one in which the PU projected out from between the two ejaculatory ducts. The site and shape of the utricular orifice were also diverse on the seminal colliculus, which was most commonly located on the distal three‐fourths of the prostatic urethra. The results of this study clarified the variations in the anatomy of the PU and may help improve diagnosis and treatment of PU diseases. Clin. Anat. 22:358–364, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hermann Stieve's clinical‐anatomical research on executed women during the “Third Reich”
Authors: Winkelmann Andreas , Schagen Udo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHermann Stieve (1886–1952) was Director of the Berlin Institute of Anatomy from 1935 to 1952. His research on the female reproductive system is controversial, as some of his scientific insights derived from histological investigations on the genital organs of executed women. These investigations were made possible by the sharp increase in executions during the “Third Reich.” Stieve's research was methodologically accurate and contributed significantly to contemporary scientific debates. Nevertheless, his use of the organs of execution victims, some of them resistance fighters, benefited from the Nazi justice system. He thus indirectly supported this system of injustice. The allegation, however, that Stieve “ordered” the death of prison inmates according to their menstrual cycle, appears to be incorrect. An appraisal of Stieve's research should avoid traditional black‐and‐white classifications of research during Nazi times. In our opinion, Stieve was neither a murderer nor a fervent Nazi. Nevertheless, his research results were flawed by their ethical and political context. Stieve will remain a somber footnote in the biographies of many execution victims. Clin. Anat. 22:163–171, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomy of cervical sympathetic trunk: A cadaveric study
Authors: Saylam Canan Y. , Ozgiray Erkin , Orhan Mustafa , Cagli Sedat , Zileli Mehmet 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury to sympathetic chain during anterior and anterolateral approaches to the cervical spine, its location has to be well defined and known by surgeons. We analyzed the course of sympathetic chain and its ganglia from C7 up to its entry into the cranial base and its relationship mainly with the longus colli (LC). Formalin fixed 20 human cadavers were dissected under operating microscope. Measurement of the dimensions of the ganglia, distance of the trunk to the LC, and the angles identifying the course of the chain were performed. Superior and inferior cervical/cervicothoracic ganglion were observed in all specimens, the middle cervical ganglion was observed in 48% of the specimens. The middle ganglion consisted of two ganglia in 10% of the dissected sides. Forty percent of the inferior cervical/cervicothoracic ganglion was at the C7 level, 25% was at C7‐Th1 disc level, and 35% was at Th1 level. Vertebral ganglion was detected in only 8% of the specimens. The course of the sympathetic trunk converges medially descending from upper cervical levels to the lower levels. Anterior surgical approach to the cervical spine is a commonly used procedure. Although Horner syndrome due to sympathetic injury is not a common sequence of cervical operations, our findings support the current few reports on the subject and should be useful to any surgeon who operates in the cervical region to avoid this uncommon complication. Clin. Anat. 22:324–330, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical variability of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: Findings from a surgical series
Authors: Carai Andrea , Fenu Grazia , Sechi Elia , Crotti Francesco M. , Montella Andrea 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is a branch of the lumbar plexus and supplies the skin of the lateral thigh region. This entrapment‐compressive syndrome is named meralgia paresthetica or Roth's meralgia and depends, on a vast majority of cases, on the entrapment of the nerve in proximity of the inguinal ligament. Surgical decompression of the nerve is an option when conservative treatments fail and is usually performed through a 3‐cm infrainguinal skin incision. Available data on anatomical variations of the LFCN derive from extensive cadaver dissections and lack many features relevant to the surgeon. This study was conducted to investigate anatomical details of the LFCN at the site of surgery for meralgia paresthetica. We reviewed retrospective data regarding the anatomical features of LFCN from 148 consecutive patients operated on for Roth's meralgia. In the majority of the cases the LFCN was a single trunk, deep to the thigh superficial fascia and to the inguinal ligament and coursing inferior‐lateral to the anterior superior iliac spine. Less frequent findings were early nerve bifurcation, epifascial position, inferior‐medial direction, and exit from the pelvis through an iliac bone canal. In 13 cases (8.8%) the nerve was not found at surgery. Anatomical variations of the LFCN must be considered at the time of surgery to maximize success rates and avoid nerve damage during surgical dissection. Clin. Anat. 22:365–370, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diploic venous anatomy studied in‐vivo by MRI
Authors: Jivraj Khalil , Bhargava Ravi , Aronyk Keith , Quateen Ahmed , Walji Anil 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCalvarial diploic venous anatomy has been studied post‐mortem, but few studies have addressed these venous structures in‐vivo. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that intraosseous infusion through the skull diploic space near the diploic veins in animals and humans does access the superior sagittal sinus and the systemic venous system. We developed a volumetric method of imaging the diploic veins in‐vivo using MRI, intravenous gadolinium, and digital subtraction to provide for three‐dimensional depiction and exact localization of these veins. We hypothesized that this technique would allow for an assessment of the probability of existence, distribution, and concentration of diploic veins in the skull. We scanned 31 neurosurgical patients, and were able to create 3D diploic venous maps in 74% of them. These maps were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS2. Mathworks MatLab 6.5, once customized, counted the number of pixels occupied by the diploic veins in the processed image. The probability of veins was highest in the occipital regions (100%). The inferior occipital (4.1%) and posterior parietal (4.1%) regions had the highest concentrations of diploic veins. Digital subtraction venography using a volumetric MRI sequence can demonstrate the diploic veins in‐vivo. The inferior occipital region may be the best area for an intraosseous infusion device because it has the greatest likelihood of containing a vein and also has the highest concentration of veins. Clin. Anat. 22:296–301, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall musculature
Authors: Ger Ralph 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe anatomy of the anterolateral abdominal wall is mainly of interest to medical students early in their studies. Clinically, it is mostly relevant to surgeons who are performing laparotomies and repairing or preventing hernias. The author's life‐long experience suggests that some of the lesser‐known details of the anatomy of the abdominal wall have been neglected resulting in some suboptimal results. This manuscript highlights some of these details which, hopefully, will lead to improved outcomes for patients. Clin. Anat. 22:392–397, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomy of the petrosphenoidal and petrolingual ligaments at the petrous apex
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Dong , Xu Qi‐Wu , Che Xiao‐Ming , Mao Ren‐Ling 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe petrous apex is a complex area surrounded by the cavernous sinus, Dorello's canal and Meckel's cave. The petrosphenoidal ligament (PSL) and the petrolingual ligament (PLL) are important structures located in the region. These two ligaments were examined under a surgical microscope in 10 specimens of five adult cadaveric heads fixed in formalin. They were found to span from the petrous apex to the posterior clinoid process, and the lingula of the sphenoid bone, respectively. The dural sleeve of the abducens nerve, the dorsal meningeal artery or its medial branch, and the venous blood space were located below the PSL in all specimens, and the petrous or sphenoidal insertion of the PSL varied in five specimens. The PLL invariably surrounded part of the dorsal and lateral walls of the lacerum segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), just under the anteroinferior portion of the anteromedial wall of Meckel's cave in all specimens. The PSL and PLL are valuable anatomical landmarks for identifying the ICA and the nerves in this region. A thorough understanding of the relationship of the two ligaments with neurovascular structures is a prerequisite for surgery in and around the petrous apex. Clin. Anat. 22:302–306, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A voxel‐based morphometric MRI study in men with borderline personality disorder: preliminary findings
Authors: Völlm Birgit A. , Zhao Ling , Richardson Paul , Clark Lynn , Deakin John F. W. , Williams Steve , Dolan Mairead C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective There is increasing evidence for subtle changes in brain morphology and function in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Structural brain imaging studies show lower volume in frontal, temporal and parietal brain regions than in healthy controls. The aim of our preliminary study of men with BPD was to investigate structural brain changes and their relationship with a measure of impulsivity.Methods We examined seven male patients with BPD and six control men using voxel‐based morphometry. Analysis of covariance was carried out to assess regionally specific differences in grey and white matter (WM) volumes. Correlations between trait impulsivity as measured using the Impulsiveness‐Venturesomeness‐Empathy scale and brain volumes were studied.Results Compared with healthy men, men with BPD had similar WM volumes but smaller grey matter (GM) volumes in frontal, temporal and parietal cortices. The latter were negatively correlated with trait impulsivity.Conclusions Our findings fit with previous reports of smaller regional GM volumes reported in women with BPD, and suggest that in men there may be an association between smaller GM volumes and impulsivity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.