bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custom fabrication of a composite hemi‐knee joint based on rapid prototyping
Authors: He Jiankang , Li Dichen , Lu Bingheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Tao 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo present a custom design and fabrication method for a novel hemi‐knee joint substitute composed of titanium alloy and porous bioceramics based on rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe three‐dimensional (3D) freeform model of a femur bone was reconstructed based on computerized tomography images via reverse engineering and the 3D reconstruction accuracy was evaluated. The negative image of artificial bone was designed with interconnected microstructures (250‐300 μm). The epoxy resin mould of a hemi‐knee joint and the negative pattern of an artificial bone were fabricated on Stereolithography apparatus. Based on these moulds, a titanium‐alloy hemi‐knee joint and a porous‐bioceramic artificial bone were created by quick casting and powder sintering (known as RT) techniques, respectively. After assembling, a composite hemi‐knee joint substitute was obtained.FindingsThe 3D reconstructed freeform model of the femur bone conformed to the original anatomy within a maximum deviation 0.206 mm. The sintered artificial bone had interconnected micropores (250 μm) and microchannels (300 μm). After implanting in vivo, the composite hemi‐knee joint substitute matched well with the surrounding tissues and bones with sufficient mechanical strength.Research limitations/implicationsFurther in‐vivo research is needed to provide the evidence for tissue growth into the ceramic structures and long‐term viability and stability of the implant.Originality/valueThis method enhances the versatility of using RP in the fabrication of tissue‐engineered substitutes, especially when individual matching is considered. Although this paper took a customized hemi‐knee joint substitute as an example, it is capable of fabricating other artificial substitutes with a variety of biomaterials.
Thick‐film strain and temperature sensors on LTCC substrates
Authors: Hrovat Marko , Belavič Darko , Kita Jaroslaw , Holc Janez , Drnovšek Silvo , Cilenšek Jena , Golonka Leszek , Dziedzic Andrzej 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAims to evaluate different thick‐film materials for use in strain sensors and temperature sensors on low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates.Design/methodology/approachLTCC materials are sintered at the low temperatures typically used for thick‐film processing, i.e. around 850°C, The thick‐film resistor materials for use as strain and temperature sensors on LTCC tapes are studied. Thick‐film piezo‐resistors in the form of strain‐gauges are realised with 10 kΩ/sq. 2041 (Du Pont)and 3414‐B (ESL), resistor materials; thick‐film temperature‐dependent resistors were made from PTC 5093 (Du Pont), and NTC‐4993 (EMCA Remex) resistor materials.FindingsThe X‐ray spectra of the 2041 and 3414‐Bb low TCR resistors after drying at 150°C and after firing display more or less the same peaks. The electrical characteristics of 2041 resistors fired on alumina and LTCC substrates are similar indicating that the resistors are compatible with the LTCC material. After firing on LTCC substrates the sheet resistivities and TCRs of the 3414‐B resistors increased. Also, there is a significant increase in the GFs from 13 to over 25.Originality/valueInvestigates the compatibility of thick‐film materials and the characteristics of the force and temperature sensors.
Communicating sustainable development initiatives
Authors: von Kutzschenbach Michael , Brønn Carl 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe co‐orientation model is used as a vehicle for framing the perceptions of different stakeholder groups. This study aims to operationalize the principles of sustainable development in the chain‐of‐custody and measure two selected stakeholder groups' perceptions of their importance.Design/methodology/approachThe co‐orientation model provides guidance for improving communications and stakeholder relationships by identifying different co‐orientation states of the communicating parties. The implications for the development of effective sustainability communication strategies for organizations are discussed.FindingsSustainability communications requires a systematic approach in which all the communication activities are directed toward achieving increased understanding between the organization and its relevant stakeholders about the issues. The co‐orientation model enables the identification of unique initiatives to overcome the communication problems caused by the different co‐orientation states. This insight can be utilized by communication managers to fine‐tune their organization's communication strategy to be more sensitive to the specific requirements of the communication situation. Some of the recommendations to manage the communication process include assumption surfacing, orgainzational reflection, improved stakeholder management and dialogue.Originality/valueThe co‐orientation model is a quite complex concept. This study tries to use the model in a concret case and develops different approaches for improving communications and stakeholder relationships by identifying different co‐orientation states of the communicating parties.
Learning at work: organisational affordances and individual engagement
Authors: Bryson Jane , Pajo Karl , Ward Robyn , Mallon Mary 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the interaction between organisational affordances for the development of individuals' capability, and the engagement of workers at various levels with those opportunities.Design/methodology/approachA case study of a large New Zealand wine company, using in‐depth interviews. Interviews were held with staff at all levels working in the vineyards or winery – the two core functions of the organisation. Transcripts were analysed drawing on Billet's notion of workplace affordances, Fuller and Unwin's restrictive‐expansive continuum, and the concept of proactive personality.FindingsDevelopment opportunities were differentially experienced according to level in the organisational hierarchy and function, with those higher in the organisation experiencing a more expansive environment than those in lower‐level jobs. However, where individuals were proactive, a seemingly restrictive development environment was experienced as far more expansive; just as a potentially expansive environment could be experienced as restrictive by those who did not take initiative.Research limitations/implicationsThe conventional limitations of case study research apply. In particular, concerns over generalisability to other industries and organisational settings.Practical implicationsThe research highlights for managers' the important role of job design and organisational characteristics that foster expansive work environments for the promotion of employee learning and development. For employees it highlights how proactive behaviour can provide opportunities for development in otherwise restrictive environments.Originality/valuePrevious research has identified differences in workplace affordances for development across organisations. The paper extends this work by showing that such differences are also evident within organisations and are associated with hierarchical position. Moreover, the paper integrates the notion of proactive behaviour, a construct that fits well with interactionist perspectives on workplace learning that emphasise the dual and reciprocal nature of contextual influences and individual agency.
Communities of practice as stimulating forces for collective learning
Authors: Mittendorff Kariene , Geijsel Femke , Hoeve Aimee , de Laat Maarten , Nieuwenhuis Loek 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to get a clear view on how can we judge groups in relation to the characteristics of a community of practice (CoP), and the presence of collective learning in these groups.Design/methodology/approachA review of literature on collective learning and CoPs led to the development of a conceptual model, which was tested through case study research against empirical data from three groups in organizations.FindingsThe groups differed concerning group characteristics, but also concerning the collective learning processes and learning outcomes present. The group that can be characterized as a CoP learns a lot, but the (learning) processes in the group are not always in favour of the organizational learning process.Research limitations/implicationsThe conceptual framework was helpful to evaluate the characteristics of CoPs in relation to collective learning. These findings suggest that it will be interesting to expand the model, for example with consideration to the way CoPs experience the need to change.Practical implicationsThe developed framework might help managers to judge if groups in an organization have characteristics of a CoP, if they are in balance and what might be needed to develop towards an ideal CoP with a great learning potential.Originality/valueA first attempt is made to build a framework for judging CoPs for several aspects of their functioning. The research also shows that CoPs are not always stimulating forces for organizational learning.
The effects of money laundering and terrorism on capital accumulation and consumption
Authors: Azevedo Araujo Ricardo 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the impact of terrorist actions and money laundering on capital accumulation and consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds a general equilibrium model that considers the existence of two representative agents: a terrorist and a worker. It departs from a formalization of Linn's findings about the connection between money laundering and terrorism. His results are confirmed and extended.FindingsThe paper shows that the combat to money laundering is an effective way of preventing terrorist actions. Besides it is found that these actions do not affect the optimal stock of capital goods but have a negative impact on per capita consumption.Originality/valueThe paper confirms Linn's findings concerning money laundering and terrorism by using a formal approach. It also extends the model in order to study the impact of money laundering and terrorism on capital accumulation and consumption.
Building technology foresight: using scenarios to embrace innovation
Authors: Drew Stephen A.W. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the application of scenario planning methods to: identifying disruptive innovations at an early stage, mapping out potential development paths for such innovations, and building appropriate organizational capabilities.Design/methodology/approachA combination of scenario planning with technology road‐mapping, expert analysis and creative group processes. The techniques described can be integrated with traditional tools of strategic technology planning. The paper presents a short illustrative case study and examples from practice.FindingsScenario techniques can be successfully applied to analysing disruptive innovation.Practical implicationsScenario techniques help guide managers to more effective decision making by preparing for a wide range of uncertainty and by counteracting typical biases of over‐optimism and decision “framing”. The techniques presented can be used in executive development and in strategic planning for innovative and high‐tech industries.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel way to combine scenario methods with technology road‐mapping and creative group analysis. It also provides an overview of the literature and research related to scenario planning for disruptive innovation.
Creativity work environment: do UK advertising agencies have one?
Authors: Ensor John , Pirrie Angela , Band Christine 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of the present study is to identify whether the work environment of advertising agencies display the key elements (both positive and negative) of the conceptual categories which Amabile et al. hypothesise influence organisational creativity.Design/methodology/approachAmabile et al.'s model proposes five conceptual categories which the KEYS instrument, developed from their conceptual framework, measures using ten scales reflecting different dimensions of the work environment. The KEYS instrument is employed in this research to survey staff from two London‐based advertising agencies. The aim was to gain information from individuals across functions and at all levels within these organisations.FindingsThis research found that the UK advertising agencies are organised in a manner that allows them to strongly reinforce three key dimensions, work group supports, lack of organisational impediments and organisational encouragement, which Amabile et al. suggest are critical in facilitating organisational creativity. However, on one key dimension, challenging work, the advertising agencies' performances are well below the norm found in previous studies. The findings on one associated dimension, lack of workload pressure, also appear to be in conflict with the results of previous research.Originality/valueAlthough the majority of the findings of this paper support Amabile et al.'s conceptual framework, a number of issues emerge from this research which may suggest some future refinements are warranted to the composition of both the conceptual framework and the current configuration of the KEYS research tool.
A template for commercialising science and facilitating innovation
Authors: Smith Simon , Pech Richard J. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeScientists are known for their good ideas, but packaging those ideas into a commercial format requires skills, funding, and processes for which many scientists and their research institutions are all too often not equipped. The Victorian Government of Australia has developed a successful initiative designed to facilitate and commercialise scientific innovations. The purpose of this paper is to document the processes and the lessons drawn from the establishment of the Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Initiative.Design/methodology/approachThis case study describes the Australian state of Victoria's STI Initiative over a four year period from its inception. The program was designed to enhance the ability to compete globally through commercialisation of Victoria's science capability and to facilitate greater industry innovation through collaboration with the science community.FindingsThe STI case demonstrates how the program has exceeded expectations with proven return on investment in less than four years. The case describes the STI's history, structure, strategies, processes, and methods of monitoring and evaluation. It also describes problems and difficulties that have occurred and how these were overcome. One of the major findings of the STI Initiative concerns the development of governance structures for each project. Rather than introducing rigidity and decision speed‐bumps, the introduction of well‐designed governance structures provides rapid and useful feedback and favourable control measures.Practical implicationsA large part of managing STI projects involves the establishment of funded grants and the development and management of commercial objectives and cooperation between the science and commercial sectors. It is argued that this successful format for commercialising science and facilitating innovation can be templated and therefore duplicated by governments almost anywhere in the world.Originality/valueThe lessons from this case study support the argument that there is a need for structure to formalise a successful relationship between industry, science, government, and investors. The paper provides a format for such a structure based on the experiences of the STI Initiative based in Victoria, Australia.
Operational intelligence discovery and knowledge‐mapping approach in a supply network with uncertainty
Authors: Koh S.C.L. , Tan K.H. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to propose an approach for discovering operational intelligence and knowledge mapping in a supply network with uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachKnowledge mapping and handbook techniques are used. TAPS software is used to model a supply network with uncertainty and to discover operational intelligence in a supply network.FindingsKnowledge management is inadequate for managing a supply network with uncertainty. Knowledge mapping is proposed, but it needs to be assisted by operational intelligence.Practical implicationsiTAPS provides managers with an ability to visualise the operational intelligence for a given objective, and to identify the likely effects on implementing a particular tool or technique in a supply network.Originality/valueA new approach – called the “intelligence handbook” is proposed to discover operational intelligence in order to map knowledge in a supply network with uncertainty.
Managing stock‐outs effectively with order fulfilment systems
Authors: Pibernik Richard 
Published: July 2006

PurposeWhen approaching a stock‐out situation, a company should be able to actively manage the allocation of available products on the basis of customer requirements and priorities as well as contractual relationships. The purpose of this paper is to describe different order promising mechanisms and analyze how well they can contribute to the effective management of stock‐out situations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a formal description and analysis of alternative order promising mechanism applicable in make to stock systems. Numerical analysis is conducted based on the data of a pharmaceutical company.FindingsThe paper clearly points out the potential of alternative order promising mechanisms to alleviate the negative consequences associated with a temporary stock‐out situation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper does not consider implications of inventory pre‐allocation to customer classes. Further research should address the interplay between pre‐allocation and different order allocation mechanisms.Practical implicationsThe results obtained from this analysis provide guidelines for manufacturers, retailers, and vendors of supply chain software on how to design and utilize order promising systems.Originality/valueThe paper provides a consistent formal approach to modelling order promising mechanisms, introduce new and innovative order promising mechanisms and provide valuable insight into their performance through numerical analysis.
Integrating logistics and information technology strategies for sustainable competitive advantage
Authors: Bourlakis Michael , Bourlakis Constantine 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo investigate the integration process of retailer's information technology strategy within logistics strategy and to find out those aspects of the retailer's distribution and operational performance that are mostly influenced via that integration.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study methodology is used where the managers of the major domestic and multinational firms operating in the Greek food multiple retail market are interviewed. The integration process of the information technology and logistics strategies of these retail firms is linked to their relevant distribution and operational functions. Secondary data for the Greek food multiple retail sector are also employed.FindingsThe findings show that logistics and information technology strategies are developed and implemented in a parallel way by both local and multinational food multiple retailers in Greece. A financial ratio analysis carried out for these firms, suggests that multinational firms possess greater operational efficiency at both secondary and in‐store distribution operations compared to domestic firms, something that is largely attributed to their integration of logistics and information technology operations. Multinational firms' superior operational efficiency is also resulting in a higher profitability performance.Originality/valueThe paper proposes that a successful integration process between the logistics and the information technology functions seems to confer a competitive advantage upon retailers' distribution operations. The paper will assist retail managers and researchers responsible for the development of logistics and information technology strategies to understand that fully absorbed information technology and logistics strategies and operations will be rewarded with superior pecuniary and operational efficiency benefits.
Analyzing the impact of information technology investments using regression and data mining techniques
Authors: Ko Myung , Osei‐Bryson Kweku‐Muata 
Published: July 2006

PurposeMany attempts to justify the business value of increased investments in information technology (IT) have shown mixed results. While findings from earlier studies have been conflicting, recent firm level studies indicate that IT investments have a positive impact on productivity. However, whether IT adds value to organizations is an on going debating issue. Thus, thus it is worth of further investigation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs multiple techniques – a regression, regression trees, and regression splines – and integrate the responses provided from each technique.FindingsWhile IT investments have a positive impact on productivity, the impact is conditional and is not uniform but depends on the amounts invested in other related areas, such as non‐IT labor, non‐IT capital, and/or IT investments.Practical implicationsThe IT impact on productivity can be maximized when investments in other related areas are considered together than when they are considered in isolation. Therefore, IT investment decisions should not be made without consideration of the levels of other investments within an organization to avoid any waste in additional investments in IT.Originality/valueWhile most previous studies have studied in terms of its existence or non‐existence of the IT impact, we investigate the conditions under which the IT impact would or would not exist. Thus, our study provides with the opportunity for gaining a deeper understanding of the impact of IT investments on productivity.
Performance measurement: a remedy for increasing the efficiency of public services?
Authors: Greiling Dorothea 
Published: July 2006

PurposePromoters of performance measurement are convinced that performance measurement can greatly contribute to an efficiency boost in the field of public services. The purpose of this article is to treat this as a hypothesis and examine this hypothesis from various theoretical perspectives.Design/methodology/approachAfter some introductory remarks dealing with terminology, the article examines the potential offered by performance measurement and performance‐based contracting for increasing the efficiency of public service delivery. As a framework for this investigation, several theories are used in order to obtain a theory‐driven answer.FindingsThe majority of the theories applied are sceptical about the assumption that performance measurement will act as an efficiency driver. All in all an ambivalent picture prevails.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is required into the factors which ensure that performance measurement will function as an efficiency driver for public services. Also, the empirical basis which investigates the relationship between performance measurement and efficiency is, up to now, very slim.Originality/valueThis paper looks into the chances of performance measurement – a central plank of new public management – as an efficiency driver. That performance measurement contributes significantly to an increase in efficiency is often articulated in official documents. This belief is treated throughout the paper as a hypothesis. The chances performance measurement may offer are examined from various theoretical angles. On a theoretical level, the paper contributes to obtaining a clearer picture of the potential performance measurement may offer.