bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swift heavy ion irradiated polymeric membranes for gas permeation
Authors: Kulshrestha V. , Awasthi K. , Acharya N. K. , Singh M. , Avasthi D. K. , Vijay Y. K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPolycarbonate membranes of thickness 18 μm were irradiated by Ni7+ ion of 100 MeV at fluences 106–108 ions/cm2. The permeability for hydrogen and carbon dioxide has been measured from the membrane with increasing etching time. Permeability of both the gases increases with etching time, but for hydrogen the permeability was higher than for carbon dioxide for all membranes. The selectivity of hydrogen increases as ion fluence of membrane increases, for 108 ions/cm2 membrane was higher than the lower fluence membranes. The irradiated membranes were also etched by monitoring the current, which shows change in the etching time for membrane of different doses. Ion permeation measurements show that pores in polymeric membrane are charged or neutralized, which depends upon the variation in concentration of the solvent. The etched tracks of membranes were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:2386–2390, 2006
Novel heat resistant methyl‐tri(phenylethynyl)silane resin: Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties
Authors: Zhou Quan , Feng Xia , Ni Lizhong , Chen Jianding 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMethyl‐tri(phenylethynyl)silane (MTPES) was successfully synthesized by the reaction of lithium phenylacetylide with methyltrichlorosilane. The structure was characterized by HRMS, FTIR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, 29Si‐NMR, and elementary analysis. Thermal cure process was monitored by DSC, DMA, and FTIR. MTPES was heated to free flowing liquid around 130°C and thermally polymerized at 327–377°C to form thermoset. Thermal and oxidative properties were evaluated by TGA analysis. Thermoset exhibits extremely high heat‐resistance and TGA curve in nitrogen shows the temperature of 5% weight loss (Td5) of 695°C and total weight loss at 800°C of 7.1%. TGA shows a high Td5 of 565°C even in air, although the total weight loss at 800°C was 56.1% of the initial weight, much higher than that in nitrogen. The high heat resistance of MTPES was ascribed to crosslinking reaction concerning ethynyl groups. Aging studies performed at elevated temperatures in air on a thermoset showed that MTPES is oxidatively stable to 300°C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2488–2492, 2006
Crystallization kinetics for simulation of processing of various polyesters
Authors: Kim Kyuk Hyun , Isayev Avraam I. , Kwon Keehae 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe approach to determine crystallization kinetic parameters based on the DSC nonisothermal crystallization experiments is applied to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN). The differential form of the Nakamura equation and master curve approach are used. The isothermal induction times are obtained from nonisothermal induction times according to the concept of induction time index. The correction of temperature lag between the DSC furnace and the sample is incorporated. The corrected nonisothermal crystallization kinetic data is shifted with respect to an arbitrarily chosen reference temperature to obtain the master curve. By fitting the obtained master curve with the Hoffman‐Lauritzen equation, the model parameters for the crystallization rate constant are obtained. The relative crystallinity measured at different cooling and heating rates is described by these model parameters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl PolymSci 102: 2847–2855, 2006
Effect of ultrasonic oscillations on weld line strength of PS, PMMA, and their blends
Authors: Yu Xiaofeng , Lu Chang , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe effect of ultrasonic oscillations on the weld line strength of amorphous polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and PS/PMMA (20/80, 50/50, 80/20) blends at various temperatures was investigated. By facilitating the molecular diffusion across the weld line, the introduction of ultrasonic oscillations could evidently improve the weld line strength of PS, PMMA, and their blends. The different effects on the weld line strength of PS/PMMA (20/80, 50/50, 80/20) blends were investigated. The ultrasonic oscillations could greatly increase the weld line strength of PS/PMMA (80/20) by ∼ 70%, but was less efficient to PS/PMMA (50/50, 20/80) blends, due to the great difference of weld line morphologies of these blends. The dispersed phase of PS/PMMA (80/20) in the weld line was spherical while two different morphologies in the weld line of PS/PMMA (50/50) were observed. And the stripe‐like morphology of PS perpendicular to the flow direction in the weld line of PS/PMMA (20/80) is responsible for the little effect of ultrasonic oscillations. The fractured surfaces of PS, PMMA, and PS/PMMA (80/20) with weld line became much rougher due to the introduction of ultrasonic oscillations. The morphology study of PS/PMMA (80/20) showed that the spherical dispersed phase of PS/PMMA at the skin turned smaller under ultrasonic oscillations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2990–2997, 2006
Incorporation of metallic POSS, POSS copolymers, and new functionalized POSS compounds into commercial dental resins
Authors: Wheeler Paul A. , Fu Bruce X. , Lichtenhan Joseph D. , Weitao Jia , Mathias Lon J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn array of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) compounds, including metal, methacrylate, and amine functional POSS, and POSS copolymers were incorporated into aromatic and aliphatic dental resins. Heptaphenyl‐propylamine POSS and methacrylate derivatives were synthesized by corner‐capping and Michael addition reactions, respectively. The POSS compounds were tested for solubility in commercial resins at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 15 wt %, followed by UV polymerization of all soluble combinations. The POSS compounds generally increased modulus and had an unpredictable effect on Tg. The modulus of the aliphatic resin increased 83% by incorporation of 15 wt % aluminum‐phenyl POSS, while aromatic resins saw a maximum modulus improvement of 18% at 30°C and 72% at 160°C by incorporating 1 wt % of heptaphenyl‐methacrylate POSS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2856–2862, 2006
Efficient light emitting diodes from ternary blends of PPV‐based copolymers
Authors: Cirpan Ali , Aroguz Z. Ayse , Karasz Frank E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLight emitting diodes (LEDs) were prepared using ternary blends of block copolymers emitting in the blue (I and II) and green (III) regime. These blends were studied in terms of their absorbance, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence (EL) spectra. The PL spectra in dilute solution and in the solid state were compared. Förster energy transfer from I and II to III was studied in the solid state. The EL device made using a ternary blend with the ratio (1 : 1 : 1) showed the highest EL quantum efficiency. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements have been made to investigate the phase separation in these copolymer blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2509–2511, 2006
Blends containing amphiphilic polymers. V. Compatibilization of N‐alkylitaconamic acid‐co‐styrene copolymers with interacting polymers
Authors: Urzúa Marcela , Sandoval Claudia , González‐Nilo Fernando , Leiva Angel , Gargallo Ligia , Radić Deodato 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe phase behavior of blends containing N‐alkylitaconamic acid‐co‐styrene copolymers (NAIA‐co‐S) with poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) of two different weight average molecular weights (Mw), poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VPy) and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VPy), was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Copolymers containing 80% S are miscible with PVP10, PVP24, and P4VPy over the whole range of composition. In the case of blends with P2VPy, miscibility is observed only for the first three members of the series, i.e., NEIA‐co‐S, NPIA‐co‐S, and NBIA‐co‐S. For copolymers containing hexyl to dodecyl moieties, phase separation is observed in blends with P2VPy. Copolymers containing 50% S are miscible over the whole range of composition irrespective of the homopolymer and the length of the side chain of the itaconamic moiety of the copolymer. This behavior is interpreted in terms of steric hindrance, in the sense that the copolymers with long side chains are not able to interact with the nitrogen of P2VPy because of the position in the aromatic ring. The interactions between copolymers and homopolymers are discussed in terms of specific interactions like hydrogen bonds between the itaconamic moiety and the different functional groups of the homopolymers, together with the hydrophobic interaction, which cannot be disregarded. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2512–2519, 2006
Effect of composite preparation techniques on electrical and mechanical properties and morphology of nylon 6 based conductive polymer composites
Authors: Koysuren Ozcan , Yesil Sertan , Bayram Goknur 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNylon 6/carbon black conductive composites were prepared using two different methods, masterbatch dilution and melt mixing. Their effect on the size and distribution of carbon black agglomerates in the matrix was studied in terms of electrical and mechanical properties and morphology. The electrical resistivity of composites prepared by both methods decreased with increasing filler composition. The electrical resistivity of the diluted masterbatch composites and the melt mixed composites was reduced from the resistivity of pure nylon 6, 1015 “ohm, cm”, to 107 “ohm, cm” at 1 and 6 wt % of carbon black, respectively. As the filler content increased, elongation at break and impact strength decreased, but tensile modulus increased. Masterbatch dilution method provided smaller carbon black clusters in composites compared to melt mixing method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2520–2526, 2006
Dependence of solids conveying on screw axial vibration in single screw extruders
Authors: Jinping Qu , Baoshan Shi , Yanhong Feng , Hezhi He 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn the single‐screw extruder, the vibration force field is applied to the solids conveying process by the axial vibration of the screw and the novel concept on the solids conveying process being strengthened with the vibration force field has been brought forward in this study. We establish the mathematical model that describes the solids conveying process with the vibration force field and obtain the approximative analytical solutions of the pressure and velocity of the solids conveying in the down‐channel. In the new theory, if the screw has no axial vibration the solids conveying pressure is the same as that of the Darnell and Mol theory, but the density and velocity of solids conveying along the screw channel is variable, which has modified the Darnell and Mol theory in which the density and velocity of the solids conveying along the screw channel was considered invariable. The results reveal that the axial vibration of the screw can increase the average pressure of solids conveying, decrease the channel length of the solids conveying section and increase the solids conveying angle. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2998–3007, 2006
Highly wettable polyethylene films generated by spontaneous surface enrichment of perfluoroalkylated phosphorylcholines
Authors: Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report here a new feature for highly wettable polyethylene films prepared by spontaneous surface enrichment of perfluoroalkylated phosphorylcholine (PC) additives via a simple heat‐press technique. Perfluoroalkylated PCs were newly synthesized from monohydroxyethyl ether compounds with hexafluoromethylene (C6F13PC), octafluoromethylene (C8F17PC), and decafluoromethylene (C10F21PC) chains. Hexadecyl phosphorylcholine (C16PC) was synthesized as a control. These PC additives were mixed well with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) microparticles (ϕ = 6 μm), placed between stainless plates, and pressed at 120°C. Perfluoroalkylated PCs effectively improved the surface wettability of the composite film compared with that of the alkylated PC. C8F17PC is extremely surface active in the LDPE matrix and occupies ∼ 95% of the outermost ∼ 10 Å. The water contact angle data for the LDPE film was decreased from 94°/81° (θA/θR) to 28°/8° by the addition of an approximately low concentration of C8F17PC (3.3% w/w) because of spontaneous enrichment on the surface. When the elongation to break value of the films was slightly reduced with the PC additives, Young's modulus and the tensile strength of the composite films were similar to those of pure LDPE film. In conclusion, fluoroalkylated PCs have good potential as additives to improve the wettablility of thermoplastic polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2868–2874, 2006
Influence of fiber wettability on the interfacial adhesion of continuous fiber‐reinforced PPESK composite
Authors: Chen Ping , Lu Chun , Yu Qi , Gao Yu , Li Jianfeng , Li Xinglin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractInterfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix has a strong influence on composite mechanical performance: better interfacial adhesion can enhance composite transverse properties, flexural properties, and interlaminar shear strength, and so on. To exploit the reinforcement potential of the fibers in advanced composite, it is necessary to reach a deeper understanding on the relation between fiber wettability and interfacial adhesion. In our experiment, we study the influence of fiber wettability on interfacial properties of fiber/PPESK composites by choosing three kinds of fibers with different wettabilities. The relation between fiber wettability and surface free energy was discussed, and the influence of fiber wettability on the interfacial property of fiber/PPESK composites was analyzed. Results indicate that higher surface free energy can enhance the wettability between fiber and matrix, and the humid resistance and interfacial adhesion can be improved at the same time. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2544–2551, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable and charged salen‐based polymers
Authors: Nadeau Véronique , Rabanel Jean‐Michel , Sant Shilpa , Chahwan Roula , Clas Sophie‐Dorothée , Hildgen Patrice 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe goal of this study was to synthesize novel biodegradable charged polymers for medical applications. The polymers synthesized were metal‐coordinated salicylidene‐based copolymers. The linear copolymers were prepared by polycondensation of the metal‐coordinated salicylidene monomer with acyl or aryl dichloride. Structure analysis was carried out by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. Physicochemical evaluation was carried out using DSC and thermogravimetry. The surface properties were analyzed by contact angle measurements and the crystallinity was determined by polarizing microscopy and AFM. Finally, polymer electrical conductivity and biocompatibility were examined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2568–2577, 2006
Aggregate formation in poly(ethylene oxide) solutions
Authors: Khan Mohammad Saleem 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStatic light scattering and viscosity measurements were performed on different molecular weight poly (ethylene oxide) to see the formation of aggregates in its dilute solutions. Viscosity measurements were carried out for PEO samples in water and methanol at 20–45°C and in chloroform at 20–30°C. Using Huggin's equation, the viscosity plots showed distinct upward curvature indicating the presence of aggregates in both PEO/H2O and PEO/CH3OH solutions The [η] values for PEO/H2O and PEO/CH3OH system were 2–4 times as large as observed for other linear flexible polymers in good solvents thus showing extensive coil swelling/aggregation. This is also apparent from the exponent a values of the Mark–Houwink–Sakurada equation. Light Scattering results using Zimm method showed that aggregation occurred in low molecular weight samples; however, in higher molecular weight samples there was a little evidence for aggregation both in water and methanol. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2578–2583, 2006
Isotactic polypropylene hollow microfibers prepared by CO2 laser‐thinning
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Ohnishi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn isotactic polypropylene hollow microfiber was continuously produced by using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser‐thinning method. To prepare the hollow microfiber continuously, the apparatus used for the thinning of the solid fiber was improved so that the laser can circularly irradiate to the hollow fiber. Original hollow fiber with an outside diameter (OD) of 450 μm and an internal diameter (ID) of 250 μm was spun by using a melt spinning machine with a specially designed spinneret to produce the hollow fiber. An as‐spun hollow fiber was laser‐heated under various conditions, and the OD and the ID decreased with increasing the winding speed. For example, when the hollow microfiber obtained by irradiating the CO2 laser to the original hollow fiber supplied at 0.30 m min−1 was wound up at 800 m min−1, the obtained hollow microfiber had an OD of 6.3 μm and an ID of 2.2 μm. The draw ratio calculated from the supplying and the winding speeds was 2667‐fold. The hollow microfibers obtained under various conditions had the hollowness in the range of 20–30%. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns of the hollow microfibers showed the existence of the highly oriented crystallites. Further, the OD and ID decreased, and the hollowness increased by drawing hollow microfiber obtained with the laser‐thinning. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2600–2607, 2006
Ultraviolet preirradiation of high‐density polyethylene for the grafting of maleic anhydride during reactive extrusion
Authors: Martinez J. G. , Benavides R. , Guerrero C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene was irradiated with ultraviolet light for various exposure times, as a prestep for hydroperoxide production, before a bulk grafting reaction with maleic anhydride in the melt phase by reactive extrusion. This method was compared with a traditional grafting procedure using peroxides optimized by an evaluation of the grafting level versus the screw speed; the highest speed showed the greatest grafting value. The reaction was followed by Fourier transform infrared, the gel percentage, and the grafting degree, which was evaluated by titration. The effect of grafting for both methods under the established processing conditions on the thermal properties was observed with differential scanning calorimetry via their heating and cooling thermograms; there were notorious changes in the fusion peak temperatures, indicating differences in the crystallization process after the grafting reaction. The latter was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, which showed succinic anhydride rings attached to the polyethylene chains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2882–2888, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of in situ polymerized segmented thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane/layered silicate clay nanocomposites
Authors: Choi Mi Young , Anandhan S. , Youk Ji Ho , Baik Du Hyun , Seo Seung Won , Lee Han Sup 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNanocomposites based on thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane (TPU) and layered silicate clay were prepared by in situ synthesis. The properties of nanocomposites of TPU with unmodified clay were compared with that of organically modified clay. The nanocomposites of the TPU and organomodified clay showed better dispersion and exhibited superior properties. Exfoliation of the clay layers was observed at low organoclay contents, whereas an intercalated morphology was observed at higher clay contents. As one of major purposes of this study, the effect of the silicate layers in the nanocomposites on the order–disorder transition temperature (TODT) of the TPU was evaluated from the intensity change of the hydrogen‐bonded and free carbonyl stretching peaks and from the peak position change of the NH bending peak. The presence of the organoclay increased TODT by approximately 10°C, which indicated improved stability in the phase‐separated domain structure. The layered silicate clay caused a tremendous improvement in the stiffness of the TPU; meanwhile, a reduction in the ultimate elongation was observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3048–3055, 2006
Blending and characterizations of microbial poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) with dendrimers
Authors: Xu Songling , Luo Rongcong , Wu Linping , Xu Kaitian , Chen Guo‐Qiang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBlending of microbial polyester poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with various dendritic polyester oligomers or dendrimers was achieved by solution casting to improve the film forming ability of PHB. Films of the blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was revealed that there were mainly two types of interactions in the blending system: the plasticizing or lubricating effect of the low melting spherical dendrimers molecules improved the polymer chain mobility through the suppression of PHB crystallization in the blends; The dendrimers also functioned as crosslinking agents or antiplasticizing agents via weak hydrogen bonding to enhance the overall intermolecular interactions which decrease the chain mobility and thus cause the increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) of PHB. TGA results concluded that incorporating the dendrimers could retard the thermal decomposition of PHB and enhanced its thermal stability accordingly. With the above blend processes, the so‐obtained PHB possessed better film forming ability and even patterned surface structures. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3782–3790, 2006
Mechanical and dielectric relaxation phenomena of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐napthalene dicarboxylate) by fractional calculus approach
Authors: Reyes‐Melo M. E. , Martínez‐Vega J. J. , Guerrero‐Salazar C. A. , Ortiz‐Méndez U. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe mechanical and dielectric relaxation phenomena in PEN‐films have been studied using fractional models. A mechanical fractional model for the description of dynamic modulus, E* = E′ + iE″, and a dielectric fractional model for the dynamic relative permittivity, ε = ε − iε. These models takes into account three relaxation phenomena and the corresponding differential equations have derivatives of fractional order between 0 and 1. In applying the Fourier transform to fractional differential equations and in considering that each relaxation mode is associated to cooperative or noncooperative molecular movements, we calculated E*(iω,T) and ε(iω,T). The isochronal diagrams of the real and imaginary parts of either E* and ϵ obtained from fractional models have been used to study the three relaxation phenomena (α, β*, and β) of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐napthalene dicarboxylate). An agreement between experiments and fractional models has been achieved for both mechanical and dielectric relaxation phenomena, and the effect of morphology samples on the fractional order parameters of the Fractional Models are related to molecular motions associated to α, β*, and β relaxations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3354–3368, 2006