bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the GH/IGF-I axis and serum markers of bone turnover metabolism in healthy children
Authors: Léger Juliane , Mercat Isabelle , Alberti Corinne , Chevenne Didier , Armoogum Priscilla , Tichet Jean , Czernichow Paul 
Published: November 2007

AbstractContextThere is evidence to suggest that IGF-I plays a role in regulating bone turnover.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships between serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and bone metabolism markers in healthy children.Design and settingProspective cross-sectional study.Subjects and methodsA cohort of 579 boys and 540 girls, all healthy Caucasian, were included in this study. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and CrossLaps (markers of bone formation and bone resorption respectively) levels were evaluated as a function of age, gender, pubertal stage and body mass index.ResultsSerum IGF-I SDS levels were positively correlated with BAP and CrossLaps SDS levels before and after puberty, and also with CrossLaps during puberty (weak correlation). Serum IGFBP-3 SDS levels were positively correlated with BAP and CrossLaps levels before, during (weak correlation) and after puberty (for BAP levels only).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the independent association between serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations with both serum bone formation and resorption markers in healthy children. Physiological differences before, during and after puberty in the association of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels with the serum bone metabolism markers were found. These differences may be related to differences in interactions between sex steroid hormones and the GH/IGF-I system, bone metabolism and growth during the pubertal transition. Improvements in our understanding of life course determinants of the IGF-I system and bone metabolism are required to shed further light on the role of the GH/IGF-I axis in bone remodelling.
Relationships Between Body Condition Indices and Proximate Composition in Adult Walleyes
Authors: Kaufman S. D. , Johnston T. A. , Leggett W. C. , Moles M. D. , Casselman J. M. , Schulte‐Hostedde A. I. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRelationships between indices of condition and measures of proximate body composition were examined among and within nine populations of mature walleyes Sander vitreus that varied widely in growth rate and lipid status. Body condition, measured as the residuals from mass versus length regressions, was negatively related to mean water content and positively related to mean lipid content among populations. When the roles of water and lipid content were examined simultaneously within populations, most of the variance in condition was accounted for by lipid content. The strength of the relationships between various condition indices and body proximate composition varied considerably among populations but less between sexes within populations. Furthermore, the strength and nature of these relationships was not strongly influenced by the choice of mass‐at‐length index (residuals, relative condition, relative weight, or Fulton's K). The visceral‐somatic index and muscle lipid content both exhibited slightly stronger relationships with body proximate composition than did mass‐at‐length condition indices for both sexes. The hepatosomatic index was more consistently related to somatic lipid content for females than for males in most populations. Relatively simple condition indices can provide reliable surrogates of body proximate composition in many adult walleye populations, but caution should be exercised in extrapolating from condition‐composition relationships among populations.
Application of the biotic ligand model for regulatory purposes to selected rivers in Argentina with extreme water-quality characteristics
Authors: Natale Oscar E , Gómez Carlos E , Leis María V 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) was used to assess copper (Cu) bioavailability, toxicity, water-effect ratios (WER), and Cu site-specific water-quality criteria (SSWQC) in the Matanza River and Pilcomayo River, Argentina, where anthropogenic inputs and natural phenomena have led to high concentrations of chemical species capable of reducing metal toxicity: Sodium, total hardness, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, and suspended particulate matter (SPM), as well as other metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of developing Cu-SSWQC from a modified scenario of the BLM–Monte-Carlo method model. The response of the BLM model in these rivers, with water quality near its application boundary conditions, was evaluated during the 2003 to 2004 hydrological cycle. Cu toxicity tests were conducted with Daphnia magna as the test organism. The BLM (Version ap08) toxicity estimates for D. magna were within a factor of 2 of the line of perfect agreement with toxicity test results, although highly variable relevant water-quality parameters showed that mean estimates were more than 2 times the mean 50% effective concentration (EC50) derived from the corresponding toxicity tests. Suspended particulate matter was an important sink for Cu added to unfiltered water of the Pilcomayo River, but it also exerted some toxic effect. Minimums WER, estimated with a modified scenario of the BLM-MONTE, ranged from 1.5 (Pilcomayo River, at Misión La Paz) up to 11 (Matanza River, at Route 3). The corresponding Cu-SSWQC values were 30 and 105 μg/L, respectively.
Development and Evaluation of an aquatic ecological risk assessment system (KORECORisk) for the management of industrial complexes
Authors: Lee Yong-Ju , Kim Yong-Hwa , Kim Kyun , Lee Dong-Soo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
KORea ECOlogical Risk assessment (KORECORisk) was developed to support decision making for the ecological risk-based management of chemicals in industrial complexes in South Korea. The system is based on a geographical information system and consists of a release rate estimation module, an exposure estimation module, and an ecological risk assessment module. For release rate and exposure estimation, the chemical use data from the national chemical inventory database and a dynamic multimedia fate model, respectively, were used. The ecological risk was assessed by calculating the risk quotient. A case study was presented to demonstrate an application of KORECORisk to setting a risk-based priority among the 6 major industrial complexes or among the chemicals used in the individual industrial complexes. Furthermore, a more detailed assessment was performed to demonstrate and evaluate a potential use of KORECORisk for the management of individual complexes. With 3 phthalates (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester; 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; and 1,2-dibenzenedicarboxylic acid dioctyl ester) as model chemicals, KORECORisk provided prediction in time and space that are of sufficient resolution required for the aquatic risk assessment but with varying uncertainty. The uncertainty associated with the use of KORECORisk appeared to vary widely (from &lt;10 to 103) with the chemical. Within the range of the chemicals tested, the release rate estimation appeared to introduce larger uncertainty than the exposure estimation. A more accurate chemical use inventory would improve the accuracy of not only the chemical release estimation but the exposure estimation module by reducing the influence of the unidentified sources. The release estimation module should be modified to provide temporal variation with a time resolution relevant to the exposure duration for which toxic effects could occur.
Sediment quality assessment and dredged material management in Spain: Part II, analysis of action levels for dredged material management and application to the bay of Cádiz
Authors: Alvarez-Guerra Manuel , Viguri Javier R , Casado-Martínez M Carmen , DelValls T Ángel 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
When sediments are removed from aquatic bottoms, they turn into dredged material that must be managed, taking into account its environmental impact. In Part II of this 2-part paper addressing sediment quality assessment and dredged material management in Spain, legislation and criteria used to regulate dredged material disposal at sea in different European countries are reviewed, as are action levels (ALs) derived by different countries used to evaluate management of dredged sediments from Cádiz Bay located on the South Atlantic coast of Spain. Comparison of ALs established for dredged material disposal by different countries reveals orders of magnitude differences in the values established for the same chemical. In Part I of this 2-part paper, review of different sediment quality guideline (SQG) methods used to support sediment quality assessments indicated a great heterogeneity of SQGs, both with regard to the numeric values for a particular chemical and the number of substances for which SQGs have been derived. The analysis highlighted the absence of SQGs for priority substances identified in current European Union water policy. Here, in Part II, the ALs are applied to dredged sediments from Cádiz Bay (South Atlantic coast of Spain), evidencing that the heterogeneity of ALs implemented in the reviewed countries could determine different management strategies. The application of other measurements such as bioassays might offer information useful in identifying a cost-effective management option in a decision-making framework, especially for dredged material with intermediate chemical concentrations.
Effect of sediment remediation on polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in tomatoes grown near New Bedford Harbor
Authors: Cullen Alison C , Altshul Larisa M , Vorhees Donna J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Measurements of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener concentrations and profiles from produce grown near New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA, before, during, and after remediation of PCB-contaminated sediment are presented. Samples of tomatoes collected from locations upwind and downwind relative to harbor contamination are compared with the use of measurements of 47 individual PCB congeners. The PCB concentration in the locally grown tomatoes, as expressed by the sum of congeners, is highest during the period of harbor dredging and drops to its lowest point after remediation, which included dredging and excavation. The downwind location is characterized by higher concentrations of PCBs than the upwind location in every time period. Principal component analysis is used to distinguish both the effect of remediation over time and the effect of cultivation location on the congener profiles. Evidence of the PCB congener profile representing the contaminated harbor sediments is strongest during the dredging period and in the downwind location. These results have important implications for understanding human exposure via the food chain and highlight the importance of considering exposure pathways related to atmospheric transport during remediation of contaminated sediments.
Technical issues affecting the implementation of US Environmental Protection Agency's proposed fish tissue-based aquatic criterion for selenium
Authors: Lemly A Dennis , Skorupa Joseph P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency is developing a national water quality criterion for selenium that is based on concentrations of the element in fish tissue. Although this approach offers advantages over the current water-based regulations, it also presents new challenges with respect to implementation. A comprehensive protocol that answers the “what, where, and when” is essential with the new tissue-based approach in order to ensure proper acquisition of data that apply to the criterion. Dischargers will need to understand selenium transport, cycling, and bioaccumulation in order to effectively monitor for the criterion and, if necessary, develop site-specific standards. This paper discusses 11 key issues that affect the implementation of a tissue-based criterion, ranging from the selection of fish species to the importance of hydrological units in the sampling design. It also outlines a strategy that incorporates both water column and tissue-based approaches. A national generic safety-net water criterion could be combined with a fish tissue–based criterion for site-specific implementation. For the majority of waters nationwide, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permitting and other activities associated with the Clean Water Act could continue without the increased expense of sampling and interpreting biological materials. Dischargers would do biotic sampling intermittently (not a routine monitoring burden) on fish tissue relative to the fish tissue criterion. Only when the fish tissue criterion is exceeded would a full site-specific analysis including development of intermedia translation factors be necessary.
Incorporating results of avian toxicity tests into a model of annual reproductive success
Authors: Bennett Richard S , Etterson Matthew A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Modeling the effects of pesticide exposure on avian populations requires knowledge of how the pesticide changes survival and fecundity rates for the population. Although avian reproduction tests are the primary source of information on reproductive effects in the pesticide risk assessment process, current tests cannot provide a direct estimate of the effects of a pesticide on fecundity rates. We present a mathematical model that integrates information on specific types of effects from reproduction tests with information on avian life history parameters, the timing of pesticide applications, and the temporal pattern of pesticide exposure levels to estimate pesticide effects on annual reproductive success. The model demonstration follows nesting success of females in no-pesticide or pesticide-exposed populations through a breeding season to estimate the mean number of successful broods per female. We demonstrate the model by simulating populations of a songbird exposed to 1 of 2 hypothetical pesticides during a breeding season. Finally, we discuss several issues for improving the quantitative estimation of annual reproductive success.
Overview of Receptors from Combinatorial Nucleic Acid and Protein Libraries
Authors: D. Ellington Andrew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis unit provides a brief description of the different approaches that can be used to identify functional peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids from combinatorial libraries. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 80:24.1.1‐24.1.3. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Conversion Technology for the Separation of Maternal and Paternal Copies of Any Autosomal Chromosome in Somatic Cell Hybrids
Authors: Highsmith W. Edward , Meyer Kevin J. , Marley Victoria M. , Jenkins Robert B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractConversion Technology (CT) is a streamlined version of somatic cell hybrid preparation that was developed to be amenable for use as a mutation detection method and as a diagnostic tool for individual patients. It is also a powerful research tool. There are two broad categories of potential applications for CT: research applications in gene mapping and identification, and clinical applications in the detection of disease‐causing mutations in individual patients. CT may emerge as the gold standard for both mutation detection and haplotyping. It will likely prove valuable in mutation detection due to its ability to detect mutations that are not amenable to detection by sequencing (e.g., deep intron or promoter mutations). It will likely prove valuable in gene identification projects because genotyping of haploid chromosomes yields unequivocal haplotypes. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 55:3.6.1‐3.6.38. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Clinical Cytogenetics
Authors: Watson Michael S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe goal of any clinical laboratory should be to provide patients with the most accurate test results possible. This is accomplished through various overlapping programs that continuously monitor and optimize all aspects of a test, including decisions by the laboratory to offer a test, the decision of providers to request the test, the testing itself, and the reporting of results to the referral source and patient. The levels at which test performance and accuracy can be optimized are encompassed under quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA). The monitoring of QC and QA problems allows for the integration of these parameters into a total quality management program. This unit reviews QC and QA guidelines, in addition to discussing how to establish a quality assurance program. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 55:8.2.1‐8.2.9. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Propagation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts and Preparation of Mouse Embryonic Feeder Layer Cells
Authors: E. Michalska Anna 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo realize their potentials, embryonic stem (ES) cells must be maintained in optimal culture conditions that preserve their pluripotency and self‐renewal capacity. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are used to prepare a feeder cell layer that supports the growth of ES cells and the quality of feeders is crucial for the maintenance of undifferentiated ES cells in prolonged culture. The protocols provided in this unit describe aspects of isolation and expansion of MEFs and maintenance of established feeder cells. Preparation of mitotically inactivated feeder cell layer (treatment with mitomycin C or γ‐irradiation) is also described. In addition, a method for counting cell numbers and a simple method for detection of mycoplasma contamination by in situ DNA staining are also provided. Methodology described has been tested in a real laboratory environment and provides detailed information regarding resource and time requirements as well as critical parameters and troubleshooting. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 3:1C.3.1‐1C.3.17. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Pt–Fe Carbon Nitride Nano‐electrocatalyst for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells and Direct‐Methanol Fuel Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Di Noto V. , Negro E. , Gliubizzi R. , Lavina S. , Pace G. , Gross S. , Maccato C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis report describes the preparation of a new nano‐electrocatalyst for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating with H2 and methanol. The nano‐electrocatalyst, having the composition K0.12[Pt1Fe1.6C55N0.12], consists of a distribution of Pt and Fe bimetallic clusters supported on carbon nitride nanoparticles. This material was synthesized by thermal treatment of a zeolitic inorganic–organic polymer electrolyte‐like (Z‐IOPE) precursor, prepared by reacting H2PtCl6 and K3Fe(CN)6 in the presence of sucrose, as organic binder, in a water solution. This reaction allows the desired material to be prepared by means of a sol→gel process followed by a gel→plastic transition. The morphology and surface properties of K0.12[Pt1Fe1.6C55N0.12] were studied via scanning and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopies and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Far‐infrared, mid‐infrared, and micro‐Raman‐laser spectroscopies, as well as X‐ray diffraction studies, together with detailed compositional data reveal the structural information and describe the interactions characterizing the mass activity of the K0.12[Pt1Fe1.6C55N0.12] system. This material has structural and morphological features that are very different to those usually found in commercially available electrocatalysts for application in H2 polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). K0.12[Pt1Fe1.6C55N0.12] consists of active bimetallic catalytic sites supported on a mixture of α and graphitic carbon nitride‐like nanoparticles. The studies performed by cyclic voltammetry with the thin‐film rotating‐disk electrode indicate that the performance of K0.12[Pt1Fe1.6C55N0.12] and of the EC‐20 reference material is a) equal to –255 and –216 A g–1 Pt, respectively, in the oxygen‐reduction reaction at 0.75 V; and b) equal to 967 and 533 A g–1 Pt, respectively, in the hydrogen‐oxidation reaction at potentials lower than 0.2 V. The activation potential of K0.12[Pt1Fe1.6C55N0.12] is about 15 mV higher than that of the EC‐20 reference. In conclusion, the proposed synthesis route is general and promising for the development of new, improved nano‐electrocatalysts for low‐temperature fuel cells such as PEMFCs and DMFCs.
Photoinduced Chiral Nematic Organization in an Achiral Glassy Nematic Azopolymer
Authors: Tejedor R. M. , Oriol L. , Serrano J. L. , Partal Ureña F. , López González J. J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA liquid crystalline homopolymer that has photoisomerizable methoxyazobenzene groups in the side chain has been synthesized and characterized. Thin films of the nematic glassy phase of this polymer have been processed in order to study the absorption spectra and the vibrational and electronic circular dichroism responses by irradiation with 488 nm circularly polarized light (CPL). Selective reflection of visible light demonstrates that the irradiation of this glassy nematic azopolymer induces a helix as a consequence of the chiral arrangement of the azobenzene units. Moreover, a wedge cell with an aligning layer for planar orientation was filled with the polymer with the aim of investigating the change in the macroscopic optical properties and optical textures of the azopolymer on irradiation with CPL. The transfer of chirality from CPL to azopolymer through chiral conformations is proposed as a model for explaining the supramolecular chirality.
Monodisperse Thermoresponsive Microgels with Tunable Volume‐Phase Transition Kinetics
Authors: Chu L.‐Y. , Kim J.‐W. , Shah R. K. , Weitz D. A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA facile method to control the volume‐phase transition kinetics of thermo‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels is presented. Monodisperse PNIPAM microgels with spherical voids are prepared using a microfluidic device. The swelling and shrinking responses of these microgels with spherical voids to changes in temperature are compared with those of voidless microgels of the same size and chemical composition prepared using the same microfluidic device. It is shown that the PNIPAM microgels with voids respond faster to changes in temperature as compared with their voidless counterparts. Also, the induced void structure does not have a detrimental effect on the equilibrium volume change of the microgels. Thus, the volume phase transition kinetics of the microgels can be finely tuned by controlling the number and size of the voids. The flexibility, control, and simplicity in fabrication rendered by this approach make these microgels appealing for applications that range from drug delivery systems and chemical separations to chemical/biosensing and actuators.
Occupational heat illness in Washington State, 1995–2005
Authors: Bonauto David , Anderson Robert , Rauser Edmund , Burke Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundLittle information exists describing the incidence of heat‐related illness (HRI) among non‐military working populations. An analysis of HRI cases utilizing workers' compensation data has not been previously reported.MethodsWe used both ICD‐9 and ANSI Z16.2 codes with subsequent medical record review to identify accepted Washington State Fund workers' compensation claims for HRI over the 11‐year time period from 1995–2005.ResultsThere were 480 Washington workers' compensation claims for HRI during the 11‐year study period. NAICS industries with the highest workers' compensation HRI average annual claims incidence rate were Fire Protection 80.8/100,000 FTE, Roofing Construction 59.0/100,000 FTE, and Highway, Bridge and Street Construction 44.8/100,000 FTE. HRI claims were associated with high outdoor ambient temperatures. Medical risk factors for HRI were present in some cases.ConclusionsHRI cases occur in employed populations. HRI rates vary by industry and are comparable to those previously published for the mining industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:940–950, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.