bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loud calling, spacing, and cohesiveness in a nocturnal primate, the Milne Edwards' sportive lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi)
Authors: Rasoloharijaona Solofonirina , Randrianambinina Blanchard , Braune Pia , Zimmermann Elke 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDispersed pair‐living primates provide a unique model for illuminating the evolution of mechanisms regulating spacing and cohesiveness in permanently cohesive groups. We present for the first time data on the spatiotemporal distribution and loud‐calling behavior of the Milne Edwards' sportive lemur, known to forage solitarily during the night, but to form stable male‐female sleeping groups during the day. Data include radio‐tracking observations of sleeping associations, and focal follows of pair partners during dispersal in the evenings and reunions in the mornings. Male‐female pairs forming stable sleeping associations during the day were pair‐bonded. They used sleeping sites and home ranges exclusively, and exchanged loud calls at potentially restricted resources during dispersal in the evenings and during reunion in the mornings. Direct agonistic conflicts between pairs and others were rare. The acoustic analysis of loud calls revealed nine major call types. They carry signatures for sex and pair identity, and provide the substrate for signaling and the potential for recognizing pair ownership. Thus, pairs use loud call exchanges as a vocal display for signaling territory ownership, thus limiting direct aggressive encounters between neighbors and strangers. Altogether, our findings provide the first empirical evidence for the hypothesis that loud calling has evolved as a key mechanism for regulating space use and cohesiveness in dispersed pair‐living primates. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early sexual maturity in male hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) and its reproductive implications
Authors: Zinner Dietmar , Krebs Ellen , Schrod Annette , Kaumanns Werner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe present data on sexual maturity in young hamadryas baboon males (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) and its reproductive consequences in a large captive baboon colony. Hamadryas baboons live in a multilevel social system, with one‐male units (OMUs) as the smallest social entity. Male leaders of OMUs are believed to monopolize matings within their OMUs; hence mating is believed to be polygynous and monandrous. In a captive colony of hamadryas baboons, we found evidence that young males less than 4 years old fathered at least 2.5% of 121 offspring born subsequent to vasectomy of all adult males, and males aged 4–5 years fathered at least 16.5% of the offspring. Additional evidence that these young males are able to sire offspring came from a morphological comparison of sperm from hamadryas males of different ages. The sperm of a 48‐month‐old hamadryas baboon were morphologically indistinguishable from viable sperm from adult males, whereas sperm from a 45‐month‐old male showed some aberrations. If successful copulations by adolescent males constitute a regular pattern even in free‐ranging hamadryas baboons, a hamadryas male's chances to reproduce would not be limited to his role as an OMU leader as previously assumed, and a male's reproductive career would consist of two phases: the adolescent phase, and the OMU leader male phase. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of protein phosphatase type 1 isotypes and nucleolin during cell cycle arrest
Authors: Morimoto Hiroyuki , Ozaki Akiko , Okamura Hirohiko , Yoshida Kaya , Amorim Bruna Rabelo , Tanaka Hiroaki , Kitamura Seiichiro , Haneji Tatsuji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the expression and cytolocalization of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) isoforms and nucleolin in human osteoblastic cell line MG63 cells at two boundaries in the cell cycle. We treated MG63 cells with hydroxyurea and nocodazole to arrest the cells at the G1/S and G2/M boundaries, respectively. As judged from the results of Western blot analysis, PP1 isoforms were expressed differently at each boundary of the cell cycle. Nucleolin was also shown to have a different expression pattern at each boundary. In the hydroxyurea‐treated cells, nucleolus‐like bodies were bigger in size and decreased in number compared with those in asynchronized cells. However, the subcellular localization of PP1s and nucleolin was not changed. Anti‐nucleolin antibody interacted with 110‐kDa and 95‐kDa proteins present in asynchronized cells and in the cells treated with hydroxyurea. Treatment of the cells with nocodazole decreased the level of the 95‐kDa form of nucleolin. In the nocodazole‐treated cells, it was impossible to distinguish the distribution of each protein. The phosphorylation status of nucleolin in the cell cycle arrested samples was examined by 2D–IEF–PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. In the case of asynchronized cells or hydroxyurea‐treated ones, nucleolin was located at a basic isoelectric point (dephosphorylated status); whereas in the G2/M arrest cells, the isoelectric point of nucleolin shifted to an acidic status, indicating that nucleolin was phosphorylated. The present results indicate that PP1 and nucleolin were differently expressed at G1/S and G2/M boundaries of the cell cycle and acted in a different fashion during cell‐cycle progression. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large tube section is the key to successful coronary thrombus aspiration: Findings of a standardized bench test
Authors: Rioufol Gilles , Collin Bertrand , Vincent‐Martin Michel , Buffet Phillipe , Lorgis Luc , L'Huillier Isabelle , Zeller Marianne , Finet Gérard , Rochette Luc , Cottin Yves 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThrombus removal by aspiration is one of the adjunctive techniques used to avoid embolization during PCI for acute myocardial infarction. Numerous devices are now available, but little is known about the mechanical rationale used in comparing them. The aim of the present study was to determine parameters to obtain optimal thrombus aspiration (TA). Heparin‐ and antiplatelet‐free blood samples were aspirated into 3 mm diameter standardized glass tubes to create a 30 mm long thrombus. Thrombus formation took place at room temperature over a period of 6 or 12 hr. Various catheters were tested using a variable vacuum device: three with right‐angle distal tip (0.038″, 0.067″, and 0.070″) and one with a beveled distal (length of the beveled, 0.054″; inner diameter catheter, 0.040″). The single endpoint was complete thrombus aspiration. A total of 103 TAs were presented for the four catheters. For 6‐ or 12‐hr‐old thrombus for a given catheter, there was no significant difference in vacuum pressure required to succeed TA (P = 0.47). For 6‐ or 12‐hr‐old thrombus, the larger the contact area is, the lower the pressure needed to aspirate the thrombus. Moreover, a beveled distal tip length (0.054″) does not make it possible to succeed TA at a lower pressure. The main factor for successful TA for thrombi ≥ 6 hr is inner diameter and not immediate thrombus contact area. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New technique to seal a long giant coronary aneurysm with PTFE‐covered stents: A case report
Authors: Orlic Dejan , Vitrella Giancarlo , Corvaja Nicola , Colombo Antonio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report a case with a large aneurysm of right coronary artery (RCA) associated with coronary artery disease. The aneurysm was sealed with two PTFE‐covered stents using a sequential technique from proximal to distal to overcome the lack of long PTFE‐covered stents and existence of complex coronary anatomy. A bare metal stent was subsequently deployed to treat a lesion in the mid part of RCA. At 4‐month follow‐up, aneurysm was completely sealed and no restenosis occurred. Usage of sequential PTFE‐covered stents enables treatment of large coronary artery aneurysms. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technical considerations for closing secundum atrial septal defect in the small child with the HELEX septal occluder via transhepatic access
Authors: Javois Alexander J. , Van Bergen Andrew H. , Husayni Tarek S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe describe closure of an atrial septal defect in a symptomatic 4.6 kg child with the HELEX Septal Occluder (W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) via transhepatic approach. Technical considerations are discussed. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimates of stage‐specific survival are altered by changes in the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for melanoma
Authors: Ben‐Porat Leah , Panageas Katherine S. , Hanlon Christine , Patel Ami , Halpern Allan , Houghton Alan N. , Coit Daniel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objectives of the current study were to examine how the estimated stage‐specific survival is altered in the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system compared with the 1997 AJCC staging system and to contrast the predictive accuracy of the 2 staging systems.METHODSThere were 5847 consecutive melanoma patients who presented to Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center from 1996 to 2004 and who were entered prospectively into a data base. These patients were staged according to both the 1997 and 2002 AJCC staging criteria. Overall survival estimates were determined using the Kaplan–Meier method. The overall predictive accuracy of the two staging systems was compared using concordance estimation.RESULTSIn total, 1035 patients were shifted to a lower stage in the 2002 staging system, whereas only 15 patients were upstaged. The number of patients with Stage I melanoma increased by 697 under the 2002 system (n = 2166 patients) compared with the 1997 system (n = 1463 patients). Because of the changes in 2002, the estimated 5‐year overall survival for patients with Stage II melanoma decreased considerably, from 79% (1997) to 64% (2002). With the initiation of subgroups in 2002, it became apparent that patients with Stage III melanoma were very heterogeneous in terms of their survival probabilities (5‐yr overall survival ranged from 70% in patients with Stage IIIA disease to 24% in patients with Stage IIIC disease). Furthermore, in the 2002 system, there was substantial prognostic overlap between Stage II and Stage III. Despite the increased complexity of the 2002 system, the 2 staging systems had similar concordance estimates: 58% for the 1997 staging system compared with 58% (ignoring the subgroups) and 59% (with subgroups) for the 2002 system.CONCLUSIONSEstimates of stage‐specific survival were altered substantially by the changes made in the 2002 AJCC staging system for melanoma, particularly for Stage II. Stage subgroups that were added in the 2002 system resulted in a large diversity of risk within Stage III. This must be taken into account to stratify patients properly for clinical trials. The increased complexity of the 2002 system did not improve its predictive ability over the simpler 1997 system, highlighting the importance of developing individualized risk‐prediction models. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Phase II study of sphingosomal vincristine in patients with recurrent or refractory adult acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Thomas Deborah A. , Sarris Andreas H. , Cortes Jorge , Faderl Stefan , O'Brien Susan , Giles Francis J. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Rodriguez Maria A. , Cabanillas Fernando , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDOutcomes with salvage therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are poor, with complete response (CR) rates reported to be 20–30% and a median survival ranging from 2–6 months. New agents are needed to reduce the recurrence rate after frontline chemotherapy. Vincristine is an important component of ALL therapy. In animal models, the encapsulation of vincristine into sphingomyelin liposomes or “sphingosomes” for injection (SV) has improved efficacy compared with conventional vincristine.METHODSA Phase II clinical trial of single‐agent SV given at a dose of 2.0 mg/m2every 2 weeks was conducted in patients with recurrent or refractory ALL. Approximately half of the 16 patients who received SV had a first CR duration of less than 1 year, 19% had failed standard induction chemotherapy, and 50% had Philadelphia chromosome‐positive disease. SV was the first salvage attempt in 69% of the patients.RESULTSThe overall response rate in the 14 evaluable patients was 14% (1 CR and 1 partial response). Five patients (36%) had transient reductions in bone marrow leukemia infiltrate with subsequent regrowth of the leukemia between SV infusions. Toxicity with limited treatment (median number of doses was two; range, one to five doses) was minimal with expected peripheral neuropathy.CONCLUSIONSFurther study of SV in patients with ALL is warranted. A Phase I‐II clinical trial of weekly SV with pulse dexamethasone currently is ongoing. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The developing mouse thyroid: Embryonic vessel contacts and parenchymal growth pattern during specification, budding, migration, and lobulation
Authors: Fagman Henrik , Andersson Louise , Nilsson Mikael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNormal mouse thyroid development has been revised to identify critical morphogenetic events. The early thyroid primordium associates with the aortic sac endothelium at the time of specification and budding. The vascular contact is lost after the thyroid buds from the pharyngeal endoderm, but is resumed before the gland divides to form two lobes. Lateral expansion of parenchyma takes place along the course of the third pharyngeal arch arteries. Thyroid precursor cells expressing Titf1/Nkx2.1 do not proliferate until the migration stage, implicating that progenitors likely are recruited from outside the thyroid placode. Early lobulation involves engulfment of the entire ultimobranchial bodies by the growing midline thyroid. At the same time, proliferation of the ultimobranchial body epithelium is silenced preceding the differentiation of C cells. Before folliculogenesis, thyroid lobe enlargement is reminiscent of a budding‐branching‐like growth pattern. It is suggested that thyroid inductive signals arise from embryonic vessels, and that this provides ideas to conceptually new pathogenetic mechanisms of thyroid dysgenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:444–455, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycerol as Ligand: The Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Compounds [Ln2(H2L)2(H3L)4][Re6Q8(CN)6], Ln = La, Nd, Gd, Q = S, Se
Authors: Naumov Nikolai G. , Tarasenko Maria S. , Virovets Alexander V. , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe interaction of aqueous solutions of octahedral cluster anions [Re6Q8(CN)6]4– with rare earth cations in the presence of glycerol resulted in the formation of a new family of compounds [Ln2(H2L)2(H3L)4][Re6Q8(CN)6] (where Ln = La, Nd, and Gd; Q = S, Se; H3L = glycerol; H2L– = glycerolate anion). All compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the P$\bar {1}$ space group. Crystal structures are built from octahedral cluster anions [Re6Q8(CN)6]4– and centrosymmetrical dimers [Ln2(H2L)2(H3L)4]4+ that have three different binding modes of glycerol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
N‐Methylation Effects on the Coordination Chemistry of Cyclic Triamines with Divalent Transition Metals and Their CoII Dioxygen Carriers
Authors: Del Piero Silvia , Melchior Andrea , Polese Pierluigi , Portanova Roberto , Tolazzi Marilena 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe thermodynamics of complex formation of CoII and CdII ions with the triaza macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (tacn) and its N‐methylated derivative 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (Me3tacn) has been studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 298.1 K and in an ionic medium (0.1 M Et4NClO4) by means of potentiometric, UV/Vis, calorimetric and FT‐IR techniques. The results are discussed by taking into account electronic and steric effects as well as solvation of the species concerned. Computational methods based on density functional theory (DFT) have been used to obtain structural information about the ligands and their complexes in order to provide further, independent insights into the effect of N‐methylation on the coordination affinity of the ligands towards the metal ions. The computational suggestions are of great help to correlate steric effects and thermodynamic results. The kinetics of dioxygen uptake for the formation of the Co(tacn)2O2 superoxo adduct has also been studied by means of UV/Vis measurements. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Functionalisation of 2,3‐Diheterocycle‐Substituted Aziridines
Authors: Troisi Luigino , Granito Catia , Carlucci Claudia , Bona Fabio , Florio Saverio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPolyfunctionalyzed aziridines each containing two heterocyclic moieties were prepared by Darzens reactions and the corresponding aziridinyl anions, generated by treatment with strong bases, were investigated. Coupling reaction with electrophiles allowed study of the configurational stability, highlighting the different stabilising effects of the heterocyclic substituents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
From Berbines to Protopines: Regiocontrolled Hofmann Elimination/Hydroboration/Oxidation of N‐Substituted Berbinium Salts
Authors: Valpuesta María , Díaz Amelia , Suau Rafael , Torres Gregorio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn improved synthetic approach to protopines based on the sequential Hofmann elimination, hydroboration and oxidation of N‐(arylmethyl)berbinium salts has been designed. By using berberine chloride as the starting material, this sequence of reactions has provided two new nonnatural protopines, N‐benzyl‐N‐nordihydroallocriptopine and N‐(p‐methoxybenzyl)‐N‐nordihydroallocriptopine and the natural allocriptopine. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Metathesis Approach for the Preparation of Polyhydroxylated Compounds as Head Groups in Surfactant Synthesis
Authors: Neimert‐Andersson Kristina , Somfai Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractStarting from methyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside, an efficient protocol for the preparation of polyhydroxylated surfactant head‐groups is demonstrated and applied in the synthesis of a typical surfactant. The key transformation is a metathesis reaction between two monosaccharide residues to afford an octahydroxydecen. The importance of a strategic protecting‐group constellation for a successful metathesis reaction is also investigated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Dimension Changes in a Chemomechanical Polymer Containing Ethylenediamine and Alkyl Functions as Selective Recognition Units
Authors: Schneider Hans‐Jörg , Tianjun Liu , Lomadze Nino 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTreatment of polymethyl methacrylate with dodecylamine and diethylenetriamine produces a chemomechanical polymer, which undergoes large macroscopic motions as a result of selective recognition of substrates (effectors) in the surrounding aqueous solution. The kinetics of these fully reversible expansions and contractions are compared to those of effector absorption and desorption. The expansion correlates with a polymer particle weight increase, which is in turn found to be largely a function of the uptake of water necessary for solvation of the effector molecules. The selectivity of the motions depends on the nature and placement of the effector ionic sites, and also on the size and nature of the organic residues. Ion pairing between the protonated amine functions and inorganic anions or anionic groups of organic effectors plays a decisive role. The large effects seen with aromatic effectors such as nucleotides, in contrast with saturated analogues, point to cation–π and C–H–π interactions as essential elements for the distinction between different effectors, including isomeric compounds. The material exhibits symmetric expansion/pH profiles, which depend distinctly on the ionic strength of the solution. The strong dependence of the motions not only on the applied pH, but also on the concentrations of two simultaneously active effectors, such as AMP and phosphate, present chemically induced logical gate functions; this is tentatively explained by a two‐site binding model. In contrast, the large expansions produced by simultaneous action of, for example, copper or zinc and amino acids or peptides are due to co‐complexation between the metal ions and known organic chelators. With such ternary complexes, volume expansions by factors of up to 15 are possible with effector concentrations as low as 0.25 mM. The sensitivity can be further increased by miniaturization of the polymer particles; the velocity of the response can be optimized by increasing the surface‐to‐volume ratio. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
cycloSal Phosphates as Chemical Trojan Horses for Intracellular Nucleotide and Glycosylmonophosphate Delivery — Chemistry Meets Biology
Authors: Meier Chris 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPronucleotides represent a promising alternative to improve the biological activity of nucleoside analogs in antiviral and cancer chemotherapy. In addition, pronucleotides are valuable tools for studies regarding the nucleoside/nucleotide metabolism. The aim is to achieve nucleotide delivery into cells and thereby bypass limitations during intracellular formation of nucleotides from their nucleoside precursors. ThecycloSal approach is one of several conceptually different pronucleotide systems known but is the only approach in which a pronucleotide is cleaved successfully by simple but selective chemical hydrolysis. The basic concept, chemistry, different structural modifications, and their effects on the antiviral potency of thecycloSal d4TMP triesters are briefly discussed first. Then, the application of the approach to various biologically active nucleoside analogs against different targets is summarized. In the second part, the results of a conceptual extension of thecycloSal approach are presented: oncecycloSal pronucleotides have passed the membrane, they should be trapped inside the cells after an enzyme‐catalyzed process and then release the nucleotide. Finally, results are summarized that demonstrate that thecycloSal approach is not restricted to the delivery of bioactive nucleotides but is also applicable to the intracellular delivery of hexose‐1‐phosphates. Chemical synthesis, biophysical studies, and biological evaluation will be discussed in combination throughout this paper to demonstrate the strength of thecycloSal approach. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Oxidation of Alcohols and vic‐Diols with H2O2 by Using Catalytic Amounts of N‐Methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one Hydrotribromide
Authors: Joseph Jomy K. , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA variety of secondary alcohols, 1,2‐diols and primary alcohols were selectively oxidized in excellent yields to their corresponding ketones, 1,2‐diketones and aldehydes with aqueous 30 % hydrogen peroxide in refluxing acetonitrile in the presence of catalytic amounts of N‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one hydrotribromide (MPHT). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)