bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police pursuits in Queensland: research, review and reform
Authors: Hoffmann Gabi , Mazerolle Paul 
Published: January 2007

PurposePolice high‐speed pursuits present a difficult area for police managers and policy makers because of the important need to balance public safety with the mandate to enforce laws. The issue of police pursuits has been relatively under‐researched in Australia. The overall purpose of the paper is to provide a descriptive analysis of the characteristics surrounding police pursuits in Queensland, Australia.Design/methodology/approachConsiders recent events involving high speed pursuit‐related fatal accidents and research into police pursuits which has illuminated clearly the significant risks for both community and police organisations associated with pursuits. Uses data collected in Queensland over a five‐year period.FindingsThe results show that approximately 630 pursuits occur per year in Queensland across the study period, and that half of all pursuits are initiated for traffic offences while an additional quarter are initiated for stolen cars. A total of 29 per cent of pursuits involved a collision, 11 per cent resulted in some sort of injury, and 11 people were killed during the five‐year study period. In relation to an issue that appears to justify the initiation of some police pursuits – that fleeing drivers provide opportunities for police to apprehend serious offenders – examination of the charges data against the fleeing driver showed that very few apprehended drivers were charged with crimes more serious than what was known at the time the pursuit was initiated.Originality/valueThe findings in this study illuminate the importance of adopting more restrictive police pursuit policies.
Police (mis)behavior: a cross‐cultural study of corruption seriousness
Authors: Kutnjak Ivković Sanja 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo examine the degree of homogeneity of police officers' evaluations of seriousness of police misconduct across various countries.Design/methodology/approachThe authors surveyed police officers from Croatia (N=1,649), Finland (N=378), and the USA (3,235). Respondents evaluated ten scenarios describing police corruption and one scenario describing the use of excessive force by indicating how seriously they evaluated each described behavior.FindingsLine officers' and supervisors' evaluations of seriousness of the 11 scenarios differ substantially across the three countries. The extent of disagreement varies across cases: opinions are the most heterogeneous for the least serious cases and most homogeneous for the most serious ones. By contrast, relative evaluations of seriousness – rankings of cases in each country – are quite similar across the three countries.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research could analyze how perceptions of seriousness vary across police agencies' characteristics (e.g. type, geographic location, and size) and respondents' characteristics (e.g. gender, race/ethnicity, age, or education), as well as forms of police misconduct (e.g. perjury, and racial profiling).Practical implicationsHeterogeneity of evaluations of seriousness across the three countries suggests that country‐ and/or agency‐wide environments play a key role in the police officers' views about seriousness of misconduct. Consequently, by controlling agency‐related factors, police administrators may influence the level of seriousness with which police officers view police corruption.Originality/valueThis paper shows that a larger environment plays a crucial role in forming police officers' perceptions of seriousness of police misconduct. The findings also imply that there is shared hierarchy of seriousness of various cases of police misconduct across police officers from three diverse countries.
A confluence of credentialing, career experience, self‐efficacy, emotional intelligence, and motivation on the career commitment of young police in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Oyesoji Aremu A. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeDespite much research on police organization generally, little or no research exists on career commitment of young police in Nigeria. This study therefore, aims to investigate the predicting effect of credentialing, career experience, self‐efficacy emotional intelligence (EI), and motivation on the career commitment of young police in Ibadan, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachA field‐based survey approach was adopted to collect a quantitative data through the means of a questionnaire from 200 non‐commissioned officers that were randomly sampled from a police command.FindingsMultiple regression statistical analysis employed revealed that the independent variables were good predictors (collectively and independently) of career commitment of young police.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings were limited to participants from a police command, as well as variables investigated. Thus, efforts should be made in the future to extend the study's scope to other police commands and across the commission in the police.Originality/valueThe findings provide evidence on the need to improve upon the career commitment of Nigerian police. Hence, attention should be paid on the predicting variables investigated in that they provide a significant basis for the current study. These would enrich policing system and culture within the rank and file of Nigeria police.
An exploratory study of the New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board mediation program
Authors: Bartels Elizabeth C. , Silverman Eli B. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis study seeks to provide an exploratory analysis of the level of satisfaction of citizens and police officers who participated in police complaint mediation. The New York City Civilian Complaint Review Board's mediation program served as the case sample.Design/methodology/approachA two‐page questionnaire, of multiple choice and open‐ended questions, was sent to the sample population (N=285) of officers and complainants who either had their cases mediated or fully investigated.FindingsComplainants who participated in mediation were significantly more satisfied with the police complaint procedure, and the NYPD as a whole, than those whose cases were fully investigated. Two major areas of research concern also emerged from the data: a need for an analysis of the cases where complainants wish to avoid face‐to‐face meetings with subject officers, and a clarification of the expectations of mediation participants.Research limitations/implicationsThis study's low response rate (18.2 percent) warrants caution in generalizing the findings of this study. Another limitation to this research was the cross‐sectional survey design; a pre‐post survey design would better determine whether the sample bias existed.Practical implicationsThis research helps to inform police and civilian oversight officials of the effectiveness of police complaint mediation. In addition, this study highlights areas which merit future investigation.Originality/valueThis paper is the first examination of the satisfaction of police complaint mediation participants in the United States. This research is helpful for police and civilian oversight administrators considering the establishment of such a program, or those seeking the improvement of an existing one.
“Strangers” in a not‐so‐strange land: a response to Goddard and Jaeger
Authors: Taylor Terrance J. , Winfree L. Thomas 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to responds to Goddard and Jaeger (Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management (PIJPSM), Vol. 28 No. 4) who offered a thorough critique of an article previously published in PIJPSM.Design/methodology/approachWelcoming the insights Goddard and Jaeger provide, attempts to address their expressed concerns and elaborate on the rationale behind the various definitions and methods. Additionally, seeks to expand the general discourse about policing in a comparative context.FindingsGoddard and Jaeger raise concerns about several conceptual and methodological approaches used in the study. While the present authors do not agree with all of Goddard and Jaeger's critique, they do agree on one of the most important points: employing multiple methodologies whenever possible is essential to the advancement of any science.Originality/valueProvides a response to a thorough critique of an article previously published in PIJPSM.
Multi‐agent model for Indian rural health care
Authors: Syamala Devi M. , Mago Vijay 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to present a model that uses multi‐agent system (MAS) technology to assist doctors based at rural areas to receive timely expert opinions from specialist doctors working in medical institutions like the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Research, Chandigarh or the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.Design/methodology/approachA MAS is a software entity wherein agent metaphor is used to represent human‐like intelligence and behavior. These agents are distributed over geographical areas and are part of software running at these sites. The foundation for this model lies in the fact that medical intelligence is distributed in nature and, if it is possible to bring this knowledge together, it could prove to be advantageous in providing improved health care to those people in rural areas. A few existing research works are included to demonstrate the usage of MAS in health care.FindingsIt has been observed that the health scenario in India is ranked poor world‐wide by international organizations and, with the increasing population, this will worsen.Research limitations/implicationsInitially, the aim is to concentrate on a few medical departments only. It can be extended into more detailed framework.Practical implicationsPhysical computing and networking infrastructure are required for practical implementation along with training for the doctors.Originality/valueThe primary beneficiaries of this system are likely to be those patients in the rural sector requiring expert medical opinion. The government health organizations will be able to provide quality medical facilities comparable with the medical facilities available in the developed nations. Currently this would seem to be a distant dream.
Informational benefits via knowledge networks among farmers
Authors: Sligo F.X. , Massey Claire , Lewis Kate 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis research aimed to obtain insights into how farmers on small and medium‐sized farms perceived the benefits of the information they receive from their interpersonal networks and other sources.Design/methodology/approachFarmers' information environments were explored using socio‐spatial knowledge networks, diaries and in‐depth interviews (to draw out participants' interpretations of significance). This enabled the perceived benefits of information to be interpreted within the context of participants' interpersonal networks.FindingsBoth on and off‐farm information sources were important. The benefit most valued was when farmers perceived they were enabled to challenge or reframe their thinking about professional and business issues.Practical implicationsThe study of information benefits is still relatively new, but a fuller appreciation of how learners perceive benefits from incoming information may provide insights into how to present information in ways that foster useful outcomes. Possible gaps and limitations in farmers' information supply may also follow the identification of how benefits are perceived.Originality/valueFarmers' access to information was mainly shaped by the particularities of the contexts within which they lived and worked. Yet they proactively kept up significant interpersonal connections even at a distance (by means such as by phone contact with former neighbours who now lived elsewhere). Farmers' sources of information were closely aligned to the information they already possessed, so that “what they know” was intimately configured within “who they are” as members of a family, a community, and as farmers.
Learning in complex organizations as practicing and reflecting
Authors: Schulz Klaus‐Peter 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe article seeks to conceptualize learning in practice from a theories of practice view. This paradigmatic shift allows one to overcome problem areas related to traditional conceptions of learning such as the difficulty of knowledge transfer, and related to many situated learning models that neglect the aspect of reification of practice. Therefore the approach being presented in the following study considers learning and development as an interrelation of practicing and reflecting.Design/methodology/approachA case study of learning and development in production at a pharmaceutical company shows how these theoretical aspects can be applied in the working context of a complex organization. Results of the application are evaluated through several qualitative research methods.FindingsThe case study suggests that learning through corporate practicing in a process simulation which takes place in the original working context leads to intensive reflection between participants. The reflection brings about change in understandings and can finally lead to development in the organization.Practical implicationsSince the process simulation has been in use for several years now, the paper gives an example how learning and reflecting are brought about through corporate practicing in a context close to operational reality.Originality/valueThe article provides a different perspective on learning in practice. Learning, as practicing and reflecting, is seen not only as an individual process but also as a prerequisite for organizational development. The paper provides, besides the theoretic conceptualization, the example of a successful implementation in process industry.
Reconceptualising the relations between college‐based and workplace learning
Authors: Hodkinson Phil 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to problematize common assumptions in the existing workplace learning literature, to the effect that college‐based and workplace learning are inherently different.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on empirical data from four different research projects, two focusing on the workplace and two on college. The approach is one of arguing that the differences between college‐based and workplace learning are exaggerated by the theoretical and conceptual stances that are often adopted.FindingsFrom a rather different theoretical approach, many significant similarities between learning in the two types of location are revealed. The paper advances a way to reconceptualize the relationship between the two, based on this approach. There are two parts to this: changing one's view of the learner progression from one location to another, and studying the nature of the relationship between sites of workplace and educational learning, within their wider field(s).Practical implicationsDifferentiating these learning processes has theoretical implications and a practical significance for organizations wanting to focus on competence and learning issues.Originality/valueHighlights that the tasks of managing learning progression require detailed attention to the specifics of particular situations, which are often more important than generalized principles.
Management of dynamic knowledge
Authors: Haase Peter , Völker Johanna , Sure York 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper presents a framework for ontology evolution tailored to Digital Libraries, which makes use of two different sources for change detection and propagation, the usage of ontologies by users and the changes of available data.Design/methodology/approachAfter presenting the logical architecture of the evolution framework, we first illustrate how to deal with usage‐driven changes, that is changes derived from the actual usage of ontologies. Second, we describe the generation of data‐driven ontology changes based on the constant flow of documents coming into digital libraries.FindingsThe proposed framework for ontology ontology evolution, which is currently applied and evaluated in the case studies, significantly reduces the costs of ontology updates and improves the quality of the ontology with respect to the users' requirements.Practical implicationsThe management of dynamic knowledge is crucial for many knowledge management applications. Our approach for usage‐driven and data‐driven change discovery not only assures the consistency of ontologies modeling dynamic knowledge, but also reduces the burden of manual ontology engineering.Originality/valueThis paper presents the first approach towards a common framework for ontology evolution based on usage‐driven and data‐driven change discovery.
Knowledge management and human language: crossing the chasm
Authors: Cunningham Hamish , Bontcheva Kalina , Li Yaoyong 
Published: January 2007

PurposeSeeks to explore the gap that exists between knowledge management (KM) systems and the natural language materials that form almost all corporate data stores.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual discussion and approach are taken using recent scientific results in the fields of the semantic web and ontology‐based information extraction.FindingsProvides a high‐level introduction to information extraction (IE) and descriptions of application scenarios for KM tools that exploit IE, a form of natural language analysis to link semantic web models with documents. The paper presents some examples of ontology‐based IE systems, one of which, KIM, is under development in the SEKT Project. KIM offers IE‐based facilities for metadata creation, storage and conceptual search. The system can be used by diverse applications for annotating and querying documents.Originality/valueFocuses on technologies and facilities that will become an important part of next‐generation KM applications.
Creating knowledge networks: lessons from practice
Authors: Schönström Mikael 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to study the set‐up processes of formal networks in a multinational high‐tech corporation consisting of multiple business units. The aim is to learn more about what management can do in order to support the fragile process of setting up new knowledge networks.Design/methodology/approachThe research project had a problem‐solving approach, which is why action research was selected as the method.FindingsBased on the research the following findings are discussed: identify and support knowledge activists, put knowledge networks on the strategic agenda, formal networks being vulnerable to major organizational changes, create an understanding for how formal networks can coexist with the line organization.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the study relate to the fact that the knowledge networks were set up within the same company. That the knowledge networks were set up during a turbulent time when cost reductions were a top priority may also limit the generalizability of the findings.Practical implicationsThe findings of the research can help managers to set up a knowledge network successfully. If management is aware of the issues that could be encountered in a knowledge network set‐up, the chances for a successful knowledge network implementation will be enhanced.Originality/valueSystematic research regarding the actual process of a knowledge network set‐up is lacking. This research fills this gap by the practical characteristics of the research project and its practical implications for management.
Explaining the intentions to share and reuse knowledge in the context of IT service operations
Authors: So Johnny C.F. , Bolloju Narasimha 
Published: January 2007

PurposeAims to provide an understanding on IS/IT professionals' intentions to share and reuse knowledge in the context of information technology service operations.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of planned behavior (TPB) is applied for examining IS/IT professionals' intention to share and reuse knowledge. The data were collected from working IS/IT professionals using an online survey, and partial least squares was used for analyzing the data.FindingsThe results from this study indicate that the theory of planned behavior is an adequate model for investigating behavioral intentions of knowledge sharing and reuse in the context of information technology service operations. All direct determinants of intention to share knowledge, except subjective norm regarding information technology service operations knowledge sharing, and intention to reuse knowledge were significant.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is one of the first to attempt to study both knowledge sharing and knowledge reuse under the same context. The relatively small sample size has limited statistical power of the implications drawn.Practical implicationsThis paper attempts to highlight the importance of information technology service operations in the IS/IT industry, and study knowledge management in that context. To encourage knowledge sharing, top management is advised that they should focus on building up a positive attitude in their employees, through improving relationships and recognition of their contributions.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to combine both knowledge sharing and knowledge reuse in the same context, and initiates research in the area of information technology service operations. This paper offers help to both practitioners and researchers in understanding in that area.
Phenomenology of embodied implicit and narrative knowing
Authors: Küpers Wendelin 
Published: January 2007

PurposeSeeks to argue for a phenomenology of embodied implicit and narrative knowing in organizations and show the significance of experiential dimensions of implicit and narrative knowing and their mutual interrelations in organizations.Design/methodology/approachFor this the advanced phenomenology of Merleau‐Ponty will be used as a framework for clarifying the relational status of tacit, implicit and narrative knowing and their embedment.FindingsImplicit and narrative processes of knowing are inherently linked. Moreover, both forms of knowing in organizations and its implications can be integrated in a Con‐+‐Text.Practical implicationsSome limitations and practical implications will be discussed critically. In conclusion some perspectives of further phenomenological research on embodied implicit and narrative knowing in organizations are presented.Originality/valueThis approach contributes to a processual, non‐reductionist and relational understanding of knowing and offers critical and practical perspectives for creative and transformative processes in organizations, bridging the gap between theory and practice. It provides innovative perspectives with regard to the interrelation of embodied and narrative knowing in organizations.
Knowledge governance
Authors: Ju Choi Chong , Cheng Philip , Hilton Brian , Russell Edward 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo provide a typology of governance mechanisms for the analysis of knowledge exchange.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is to integrate various research in the social sciences and knowledge management and to provide a coherent and generic framework for the better understanding of knowledge transfer and exchange.FindingsThe existing literature on knowledge management could benefit more from incorporating more of the research methodologies of social anthropology.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need to undertake empirical work and in‐depth case studies of the typology of knowledge exchange frameworks.Practical implicationsThe intangibility of knowledge as a resource and asset requires the use of multiple frameworks of knowledge transfer and exchange in organizations as part of a knowledge management strategy.Originality/valueThe value of this paper is to knowledge management researchers on how to broaden the scope of existing knowledge management research through a greater integration with social science methodologies, especially social anthropology.