bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raised Parental Age in Psychiatric Patients: Evidence for the Constitutional Hypothesis
Authors: Hare E. H. , Moran P. A. P. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIn two series of psychiatric patients (numbering about 6,000 and 2,000 respectively), the mean age of the mothers at the time of the patients' birth was found to be very significantly above expectation from the general population, and this was so for each of the major diagnostic groups. In the second series, the age of the fathers was also found to be very significantly above that expected from a sample survey of the general population, and this was so for each diagnostic group. Fathers' age was raised more than mothers', and was highest for schizophrenia. The raised parental age could not be explained in terms of the patient's year of birth or his father's social class. The raised mothers' age could largely be accounted for by regression on the raised fathers' age. The present findings, and those of previous studies, seem best explained on the hypothesis of a constitutional parental trait leading to delayed marriage.
Conversations With Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Morgan Roger 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAn account is given of some of the topics discussed during a small informal weekly open group meeting of chronic schizophrenic patients, based on occasional notes compiled over eleven years. The main feature of the patients' condition as displayed was poverty—clinical, social, behavioural, material and financial—and certain features suggested an organic aetiology. Reasons are given for considering that the patients' condition was predominantly caused by schizophrenia rather than by institutionalism.
A Method for the Study of Therapeutic Factors in Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Bloch Sidney , Reibstein Janet , Crouch Eric , Holroyd Pauline , Themen Judith 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA method is described for the study of therapeutic factors in group therapy in which patients and their therapists prepare brief reports at regular intervals about those events in treatment which they regard as important; these reports are then assigned by independent judges to a classification of therapeutic factors which has been specifically devised for this purpose. The feasibility, validity and reliability of the method are discussed and its potential application to group therapy research and training briefly mentioned.
Deviancy, Delinquency and Drug Use
Authors: Bell D. S. , Champion R. A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA system for monitoring drug use was based on the data from annual surveys of two contrasting population groups, a general cross-section of young people and a cross-section of antisocial deviants. Correlation of deviancy and drug use established that drug use, both licit and illicit, was more extensive among those who suffered parental deprivation, whose parents were divorced or separated, who had psychiatric illness and particularly those who had committed antisocial acts. The degree of antisocial deviancy correlated with the extent of drug use.
EEG Abnormalities and Transsexualism
Authors: Hoenig J. , Kenna J. C. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA consecutive series of 46 transsexuals, 35 men and 11 women, showed EEG abnormalities in 48 per cent and borderline abnormalities in another 24 per cent. Women showed the abnormalities in a significantly higher proportion than men. Those with the EEG abnormalities were slightly younger at inception, suggesting that they sought help at an earlier age, and their transsexualism became obvious to their families earlier. Those with personality disorders had EEG abnormalities more frequently, but not significantly so. This group of transsexual patients seemed to have a low sex drive, and those with abnormal EEGs even more so, but again the differences were not significant.The possible significance of these findings for the understanding of transsexualism is discussed.
Monoamine Oxidase (Mao) of Platelets, Plasma, Lymphocytes and Granulocytes in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bond Peter A. , Cundall Richard L. , Falloon Ian R. H. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryMonoamine oxidase (MAO) levels in plasma, platelets, lymphocytes and granulocytes have been compared in schizophrenics and controls using three substrates. No significant difference was found between MAO levels in controls and the schizophrenic group as a whole, but platelets and lymphocytes of the latter (tyramine or benzylamine substrate) showed greater variation and in some cases higher values than controls, irrespective of treatment. Schizophrenics who experienced auditory hallucinations had significantly lower MAO levels in lymphocytes and platelets than those who did not.
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Schizophrenia
Authors: Mann John , Thomas K. M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA study was made of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in non-medicated, newly-admitted schizophrenics and institutionalized chronic schizophrenics both on and off medication. These patients were compared to two control groups: normal subjects and brain-damaged institutionalized patients. No relationship was found between platelet MAO activity and the severity or duration of illness, duration of psychotropic medication, presence of auditory hallucinations or institutionalization. Mean platelet MAO activity did not differ significantly between the schizophrenic subgroups and control groups. Thirty-one patients studied before and after treatment with phenothiazines showed no significant change in platelet MAO activity. The findings did not indicate a relationship between schizophrenia, its treatment or outcome and platelet MAO activity.
Platelet Mao Activity and Evoked Potentials in the Identification of Subjects Biologically at Risk for Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Coursey R. D. , Buchsbaum M. S. , Murphy D. L. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIndividuals potentially at risk for psychiatric disorders were identified by screening 375 college student volunteers for low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity levels. The lower and upper 10 per cent in MAO activity were administered a personal and family history interview, psychological tests and average evoked response (AER) electroencephalographic procedures. Results indicated that low MAO males and females were socially more active, had more psychiatric contact, and had relatives who were psychiatric-ally more disturbed than high MAO subjects. Low MAO males had more convictions, experimented more with illegal drugs and had elevated scores on the MMPI. AER criteria further defined a high risk group of low MAO-AER augmenters which had more suicides among their relatives and higher scores on the schizophrenia scale of the MMPI.
Use of Hospital Services by Chronic Schizophrenics in the Community
Authors: Freeman Hugh , Cheadle A. J. , Korer J. R. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA sample of chronic schizophrenic patients from an urban community, living outside hospital, were reassessed on the Present State Examination one year after a first examination. During this time their use of psychiatric hospital services was recorded. One hundred and two patients had satisfactory interviews on both occasions. These could be divided into Heavy, Medium and Light users of services, the numbers being 8, 14 and 63 respectively, while 17 only saw their general practitioners or had no treatment. A ranking of the sample in terms of severity showed no correlation with use of these services; second PSE scores were not significantly different from the first. Heavy and Medium users of hospital services were in contact with Social Services to a significantly greater extent than other patients.
Prediction of Successful Rehabilitation by Nurse Rating Scale
Authors: Philip Alistair E. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe predictive value of the NOSIE, a ward behaviour rating scale, was investigated in a group of long-stay patients. After a follow-up period of 3 ½ years, it was found that all NOSIE scales differentiated continuing in-patients from those discharged. Regression analysis showed that age and florid psychoticism carried most predictive weight. These findings and the value of reliable rating scales for rehabilitation purposes are discussed.
High-Dose Propranolol in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sheppard Graham P. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryEight male schizophrenics were treated in an open study with d.l. propranolol. The dose was increased by 160 mg/day until a maximum of 2,400 mg/day was achieved on day 15, and this remained constant until day 21. Seven patients showed significant clinical evidence of psychiatric improvement, while the incidence of toxic side-effects was low. There was wide inter-patient variation in plasma levels of propranolol. Despite a significant increase of plasma propranolol between day 15 and day 21 of the study, there was no significant change in serum prolactin.
Lithium Side Effects in a Routine Lithium Clinic
Authors: Johnston B. B. , Dick E. G. , Naylor G. J. , Dick D. A. T. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryApproximately two thirds of a group of bipolar patients attending the routine lithium clinic suffered side effects. These patients tended to have a lower plasma and erythrocyte lithium concentration and a lower erythrocyte/plasma lithium ratio than those who had no side effects. Explanations of this unexpected finding are discussed.
The Course and Determinants of Reactions to Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mayou Richard 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe growth of speculative theories about response to physical illness has not been backed by quantitative information. The introduction of standardized measures of psychological and social adjustment has allowed description and analysis of disability for 100 patients and their spouses two and twelve months after a first myocardial infarction. (1) Global measures of social outcome were found to be inadequate and misleading and therefore work, leisure, marriage and family relationships, sex and compliance were separately examined. (2) There was considerable continuity in individual reactions throughout convalescence and it was possible (3) to identify factors in the premorbid psychosocial state predictive of outcome and (4) to describe characteristic patterns of coping. (5) Outcome for spouses can be similarly described and understood. The findings have clinical applications for diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment and the evaluation of medical care. The conclusion also extend our understanding of the basic principles underlying response to physical illness.
An Extension of the Random Error Coefficient of Agreement to N x N Tables
Authors: Janes Cynthia L. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryMaxwell has proposed the Random Error Coefficient of Agreement (RE), as a measure of agreement for the binary case based upon the assumption of random distribution of questionable cases. The present paper presents a more general formula for RE's computation and shows how the new form is applicable to cases with more than two response categories.
Chlormethiazole Abuse
Authors: Gregg Elizabeth , Akhter Iftikhar 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis report describes 17 cases of chlormethiazole abuse or dependence. These include one case with symptoms and signs of withdrawal and two other similar cases where undoubted dependence was combined with excessive alcohol intake. Seven other patients with alcoholism who indulged in drug-seeking behaviour involving chlormethiazole are also reported, together with a further seven abusers of various other drugs who were also discovered to be taking chlormethiazole.
The Psychiatrist in the Terminal Care Unit
Authors: Stedeford Averil , Bloch Sidney 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe types of problems of 49 patients referred to a psychiatrist in a terminal care unit are reported and their management reviewed. The findings suggest that a psychiatrist can play a useful role in such a unit, particularly in supervising medical and nursing staff in the psychological care of patients and in helping more directly in the management of psychiatrically complicated cases.
Psychologically Stressful Events in the Precipitation of Manic Episodes
Authors: Ambelas A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe case notes of all 67 manic patients admitted to the psychiatric wing of a District General Hospital over a period of two years were screened for evidence of independent life events during a four week period prior to admission. The nature of such events and of the underlying stresses was examined and the data obtained were compared with data from a control group of acute surgical admissions. Four times as many manic patients had an independent life event closely preceding their admission. It is concluded that stress in the form of loss or threat is a common precipitant of mania. Some surprising findings are focused upon and discussed.
Renal Function in Patients on Lithium Treatment
Authors: Hällgren R. , Alm P. O. , Hellsing K. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA cross-sectional study was performed on 66 lithium-treated patients to investigate a possibly changed kidney function, using [51Cr]-EDTA clearance, and urinary excretions of albumin and β2-microglobulin. Thirteen patients showed abnormal test results: seven had decreased glomerular filtration rate, four had increased albumin excretion and four had increased excretion of β2-microglobulin. There was no correlation between length of treatment with lithium or hypothyroidism (10 patients) and impaired renal function. Four patients had already manifested signs of renal dysfunction before lithium treatment. The high prevalence of impaired renal function among our patients is unexplained but lithium could be one possible cause.
Evaluation of a Detoxification Service for Habitual Drunken Offenders
Authors: Hamilton John R. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe progress of 52 chronic alcoholic habitual drunken offenders who were offered a detoxification, assessment and referral service as an alternative to penal management for their public drunkenness was compared over a year with 48 control subjects, and each group's progress in the experimental year was compared with that in the previous year. The ‘detoxification’ patients were found not to have benefited as regards their alcoholism or episodes of drunkenness, though their periods of abstinence were longer. There were significant improvements in their accommodation and self-reported quality of life, and it is likely that their physical and perhaps mental health improved.
Psychotherapy of the Dying Patient
Authors: Stedeford Averil 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe psychotherapeutic aspects of the care of the 49 terminally ill patients described in the preceding paper are discussed. Their differing ways of coping with the stress of dying and the range of psychotherapeutic strategies used in treatment are described. The work suggests that the therapist's use of psychological insights can improve his understanding of the emotional pain of terminal illness, and well-aimed psychotherapy can contribute to its relief.
Amitriptyline: Comparison of Three Different Dosage Schedules in Neurotic Depression
Authors: De Maio Domenico , Levi-Minzi Alessandro 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThree groups of neurotic depressed patients were treated with amitriptyline, one group receiving the customary three daily doses, another a single dose in the morning, and the third a single dose at night. All three groups showed significant decrements of total scores on the Hamilton Scale for Depression and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale without significant differences. Patients taking the drug at night showed a lower incidence of side effects.
The Psychiatric Patient: a Voice to be Heard
Authors: Gordon D. , Alexander D. A. , Dietzan J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPatients' view of psychiatric care and its implications is a neglected area of inquiry, partly due to ideological factors as well as structural aspects of the National Health Service. It is acknowledged that patient satisfaction per se cannot be the major goal of the Health Services, but the path to improved welfare and treatment may be facilitated by patient satisfaction or at least by an awareness of patient opinion. Further exploration of this area is recommended.
An Holistic Developmental View of Neural and Psychological Processes: a Neurobiologic-Psychoanalytic Integration
Authors: Meyersburg H. A. , Post R. M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe authors attempt to integrate several psychoanalytical and more recent neurobiological concepts regarding the development of the organism and emergence of psychopathology. They highlight the rough temporal correspondence of neurodevelopmental myelination cycles with stages of psychosocial development. They discuss concepts of critical periods and unique times of vulnerability to psychosocial insult and recurrence of critical stresses, gleaned from a multidisciplinary point of view, in relation to the occurrence of psychic aberrations. They suggest that it may be fruitful to explore further psychological constructs such as fixation and regression, as well as unconscious mental processes, in relation to their biochemical, physiological, and anatomical representations in the brain.
Reliability of a Schedule for Rating Personality Disorders
Authors: Tyrer P. , Alexander M. S. , Cicchetti D. , Cohen M. S. , Remington Marina 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe inter-situational, inter-rater and temporal reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders is described. In an initial study with a simplified form of the schedule in patients from different wards of a psychiatric hospital inter-situational reliability between raters was higher for patients with personality disorders than with no personality disorder. Using the full schedule, inter-rater reliability, using audiotaped and separate interviews, and temporal reliability at interviews conducted a mean of 12.5 months apart all reached a satisfactory level, suggesting that the schedule may be a useful instrument for measuring deviant personality traits. The interview may be used with a subject or an informant but agreement between ratings made with informants and psychiatric patients during illness was low, and the schedule is not recommended for use with patients alone during acute episodes of illness.
Changes in the Brain Catecholamines in Patients with Dementia of Alzheimer Type
Authors: Adolfsson R. , Gottfries C. G. , Roos B. E. , Winblad B. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryBrain monoamine concentrations were determined post mortem in 19 patients with dementia of Alzheimer type. Samples were taken from 10 parts of the brain and compared with an age-matched control group.There were lower mean concentrations of dopamine in the demented group of patients in seven regions of the brain, and two of these were at a significant level. There were also significantly lower concentrations of homovanillic acid in the nucleus caudatus and in the putamen. The means of the concentrations of noradrenaline were also lower, and in the putamen and the cortex gyrus frontalis significant differences were observed. The 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations were slightly lower in the demented group but the differences did not reach significance. The degree of intellectual deterioration was negatively correlated with the noradrenaline concentrations in the hypothalamus and the cortex gyrus cinguli.
The Use of Schneider's Typology for the Diagnosis of Personality Disorders—An Examination of Reliability
Authors: Standage K. F. , Standage K. F. 
Published: August 2008

SummarySchneider's typology of the personality disorders is described briefly. Three psychiatrists made diagnoses on two sets of patients, both of which contained one example of each type. The diagnoses were made with the help of a glossary and based upon the examination of clinical summaries and audio-recordings.Values of two reliability coefficients showed considerable variation between types. High reliability was found for Schneider's asthenic, explosive, depressive and affectionless types. Low reliability was found for the fanatic, labile and hyperthymic types. The insecure and attention-seeking types were overused. Some possible causes of this variation are discussed.
Psychiatric Aspects of Sterilization: A Prospective Survey
Authors: Smith Anne H. W. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPatients consecutively referred for sterilization were examined at the time of referral, two months and one year after operation.Twenty-five per cent of the sample were identified as psychiatric cases at the time of referral, and rates of disturbance were even higher in some subgroups of women. The rate of disturbance fell in all these groups by one year after operation.New psychiatric disturbance following sterilization was similar in amount to that found in the community and was not related to any groups of women said in the literature to be at risk apart from those divorced or separated at the time of referral.Many experienced improvement in their marital and sexual relationships and only 3 per cent expressed feelings of regret.
Sexual and Marital Problems in a Psychiatric Out-Patient Population
Authors: Swan Marion , Wilson Leonard J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe study aimed to identify those patients referred to a psychiatric out-patient clinic who had sexual or marital difficulties and who could be offered help with these problems, although none of the patients had been referred primarily for sexual or marital therapy. The methods of assessment formed a series of filtering devices for screening the sample, and possible reasons for discrepancies in the results are discussed. Twelve per cent of the sample had sexual or marital problems and were offered treatment, and it is suggested that this proportion may be an underestimate of the ‘true’ frequency of such problems in the sample. Implications of this finding for the provision of treatment resources in the psychiatric out-patient setting are considered.
Somnambulistic-like Episodes Secondary to Combined Lithium-Neuroleptic Treatment
Authors: Charney Dennis S. , Kales Anthony , Soldatos Constantin R. , Nelson J. Craig 
Published: August 2008

SummaryTen of 114 psychiatric patients undergoing combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment exhibited somnambulistic-like episodes. These episodes are differentiated from nocturnal wanderings and epileptic attacks during sleep; they occurred within two to three hours after sleep onset and were characterized by the patients appearing confused and walking about in a quiet, detached and clumsy manner. Generally, there was amnesia for the event. Since sleepwalking occurs out of slow wave sleep, the increase in slow wave sleep induced by lithium and certain neuroleptics may represent a neurophysiological mechanism responsible for these patients’ somnambulistic behaviour. The occurrence of grand mal seizures in two patients was probably unrelated to the somnambulistic-like episodes. However, persistence of the latter appears to be associated with drug-induced EEG irregularity.
Psychological Construing in Schizoid Children Grown Up
Authors: Chick Jonathan , Waterhouse Lorraine , Wolff Sula 
Published: August 2008

SummaryTwenty former male patients who in childhood had been diagnosed as having schizoid personality were followed up in adulthood. In comparison with controls, they used psychological ways of construing infrequently. Interpretations of this finding are discussed, in particular its relationship to impaired empathy.