bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Übergangsmetall‐Carben‐Komplexe, LXVII. Übergangsmetall‐carbonyl‐stickstoffylid‐Komplexe von Chrom und Wolfram
Authors: Kreißl Fritz Roland , Fischer Ernst Otto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie tertiären, Bicyclischen alkylamine 2 und 6 reagieren mit Pentacarbonyl(methoxphenylcarben)chrom(0) und ‐wolfram(0) unter Addition der Alkylamine an den Carbenkohlenstoff zu den entsprechenden Stickstoffylid‐pentacarbonyl‐metall‐Komplexen (CO)5M[C(OCH3)(C6H5)N(C2H4)N] und (CO)5M[C(C6CH3)(C6H5)N(C6H5)N(C2H4)3CH] (MCr, W). Die Strukturen der gelben bis gelborange, diamagnetischen Verbindungen werden spektroskopisch gesichert.
Untersuchung chromatographischer Racemattrennungen, II. Enantiomerenspezifische 3H/14C‐Doppelmarkierung von Racematen, Basis einer neuen Methode zur Bestimmung der Trennleistung optisch aktive Adsorbentien
Authors: Blachke Gottfried 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Synthese enantiomerenspezifisch 3H14C‐doppelmarkierter d,l‐Mandelsäure, d,l‐Mandelsäure‐methylester und d,l‐Mandelsäureamid wird mitgeteilt. Solche doppelmarkierten Racemate ermöglichen die rasche und genaue Prüfung chromatographischer Racemattrennungen, wobei die Berechnung des Trenneffekts aus scintillationsspektroskopisch ermittelten 3‐ und 14‐Zählarten erfolgt.
Untersuchung chromatographischer Racemattrennungen, III. Chromatographie racemischer Mandelsäure an Polyacryl‐säureestern und ‐amiden optisch aktiver Ephedrinderivate
Authors: Blaschke Gottfried 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie chromatographische Racemattrennung von Mandelsäure an optisch aktiven Polyacryl‐säureestern und ‐amiden von Ephedrinderivaten wurde mit 3H/14C‐doppelmarkiertem Racemat untersucht. An basischen Polyacrylsäureestern von N‐Alkylephedrinderivaten wird racem. Mandelsäure – wahrscheinlich über eine Zweizentrenbindung – stereoselektiv adsorbiert, wodurch eine teilweise Auftrennung in die Antipoden erfolgt. Die Stereoselektivität der Adsorption wird durch die Konfiguration an C‐2 des Ephedrinteils bestimmt. Auch Polyacrylsäureamide von Ephedrinderivaten trennen racem. Mandelsäure teilweise auf, wobei die Stereoselektivität im Gegensatz zu den basischen Derivaten von der Konfiguration an C‐1 bestimmt wird. Die Trennleistung der Adsorbentien hängt sehr vom Polymerisations‐verfahren ab.
Kristall‐ und Molekülstruktur von Hexakis(phenylthio)äthan
Authors: Roelofsen Gerrit , Kanters Jan A. , Seebach Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Struktur des Hexakis(phenylthio)äthans wurde mit Röntgenmethoden bestimmt. Die Phasenbestimmung wurde mit der symbolischen Additionsmethode durchgeführt. Die Struktur wurde unter Benutzung von 1780 beobachteten Reflexen bis auf einen R‐Wert von 10.9% verfeinert. Die pseudoinnenzentrierte Elementarzelle enthält zwei Moleküle, die um die Symmetriezentren in 0, 0, 0 bzw. 1/2, 1/2, 1/2 gelagert sind. Die Innenzentrierung ist nahezu genau für die sechs Schwefelatome, aber gilt nicht für die zentrale Äthanbindung, was zur Folge hat, daß die durch Zentrierung verbundenen Schwefelatome an verschiedene Kohlenstoffatome gebunden sind. Die sechs Schwefelatome sind gestaffelt um die Äthan‐CC‐Bindung angeordnet. Die SCS‐Winkel sind mit 113° etwas größer, die SCC‐Winkel mit 105° um denselben Betrag kleiner als der Tetraederwinkel. Die Äthan‐CC‐Abstände betragen 1.59 bzw. 1.56 Å.
The Cooperative Effect Between Active Site Ionized Groups and Water Desolvation Controls the Alteration of Acid/Base Catalysis in Serine Proteases
Authors: Shokhen Michael , Khazanov Netaly , Albeck Amnon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhat is the driving force that alters the catalytic function of His57 in serine proteases between general base and general acid in each step along the enzymatic reaction? The stable tetrahedral complexes (TC) of chymotrypsin with trifluoromethyl ketone transition state analogue inhibitors are topologically similar to the catalytic transition state. Therefore, they can serve as a good model to study the enzyme catalytic reaction. We used DFT quantum mechanical calculations to analyze the effect of solvation and of polar factors in the active site of chymotrypsin on the pKa of the catalytic histidine in FE (the free enzyme), EI (the noncovalent enzyme inhibitor complex), and TC. We demonstrated that the acid/base alteration is controlled by the charged groups in the active site—the catalytic Asp102 carboxylate and the oxyanion. The effect of these groups on the catalytic His is modulated by water solvation of the active site.
Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Bae Jang‐Ho , Bassenge Eberhard , Kim Moo‐Hyun , Park Ki‐Rack , Kim Ki‐Young , Synn Yi‐Chul , Schwemmer Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or with congestive heart failure.Hypothesis: This study was performed to evaluate the impact of systolic heart function on endothelial function in patients with CAD.Methods: The study population consisted of 283 consecutive patients (mean age 59 years, 176 men) undergoing coronary angiography. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring flow‐mediated vasodilation (FM.D) of the brachial artery.Results: Patients (n = 236) with an ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 55% on routine echocardiogram were younger (mean age 58 vs. 62 years), showed a lower prevalence of diabetes (15 vs. 38%) and myocardial infarction (13 vs. 66%), and showed a higher FM.D (4.8 ± 2.4 vs. 4.0 ± 2.0%, p < 0.05) than patients (n = 47) with an EF < 55%. The correlation coefficient between FM.D/endothelial function and EF/systolic heart function was 0.149 (p < 0.02) in the overall study population. Multivariate analysis showed that of age, gender, frequency of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, and CAD extent, EF was the only significant independent parameter correlating with FM.D in patients with CAD.Conclusions: Compared with the other tested risk factors, EF surprisingly was the only significant independent parameter correlating with endothelial function in patients with CAD. Our results support the view that endothelial function is an independent prognostic factor in patients with CAD.
Considerations in combination therapy: Fibrinolytics plus glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Manoharan Ganesh , Adgey A. A. Jennifer 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe combined use of a fibrinolytic and a platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor to target the fibrin and platelet components of occlusive thrombi offers the potential for more rapid and complete reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), although there have been concerns about the safety of this combination therapy. Data from the recent GUSTO‐V and the ASSENT‐3 trials support the use of this regimenin that the 30‐day death or non‐fatal reinfarction rate (7 days) in GUSTO‐V and death or in‐hospital reinfarction or in‐hospital refractory ischemia rate in ASSENT‐3 were reduced (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). The need for revascularization in both these trials was also reduced significantly. There was no increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage or stroke with the combination therapy, but an increased rate of nonintracranial severe or major bleeding was observed. At present, patients aged > 75 years should not receive combination therapy. Further studies in subgroup patient populations are warranted.
Atrial electrophysiologic abnormalities in patients with wolff‐parkinson‐white syndrome but without paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sakabe Koichi , Fukuda Nobuo , Nada Teru , Shinohara Hisanori , Tamura Yoshiyuki , Wakatsuki Tetsuzo , Nishikado Akiyoshi , Oki Takashi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) frequently occurs in patients with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome.Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to analyze the atrial electrophysiologic abnormalities and vulnerability to develop atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with WPW syndrome but with no previous history of PAF.Methods: We investigated atrial electrophysiologic abnormalities and vulnerability to AF in patients with WPW syndrome but without PAF. An electrophysiologic study was performed in 28 patients with WPW syndrome, 23 with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and 25 with other arrhythmias (control), all of whom had no history of PAF. The following atrial excitability parameters were assessed: effective refractory period (ERP), spontaneous or paced (A1) and extrastimulated (A2) atrial electrogram widths, percent maximum atrial fragmentation (%MAF; A2/A1 × 100), wavelength index (WLI; ERP/A2), and inducibility of AF.Results: The ERP tended to be shorter in patients with WPW syndrome and in those with AVNRT than in the control group. The %MAF increased (154 ± 33 vs. 137 ± 23%, p < 0.05) and WLI decreased (2.7 ±0.8 vs. 3.4 ± 1.0, p<0.05) significantly in patients with WPW syndrome compared with the control group; however, these parameters in patients with AVNRT showed intermediate values. Atrial fibrillation was more inducible in patients with WPW syndrome (4/28 [14.3%]) than in those with AVNRT (4.3% [1/23]) and the control group (0/25 [0%]). With respect to patients with WPW syndrome and with and without inducible AF, the %MAF increased (195 ± 23 vs. 148 ± 30%, p<0.01) and the WLI decreased (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9, p<0.05) in subjects with inducible AF.Conclusions: Atrial electrophysiologic abnormalities, especially atrial conduction delays, are more prominent in patients with WPW syndrome, even if they had no previous history of PAF. These abnormalities may play an important role in determining the vulnerability to AF.
Elevation of the soluble thrombomodulin levels is associated with inflammation after percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Chao Ting‐Hsing , Li Yi‐Heng , Tsai Wei‐Chuan , Chen Jyh‐Hong , Liu Ping‐Yen , Tsai Liang‐Miin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Thrombomodulin (TM) is an endothelial cell surface thrombin‐binding protein with anticoagulation ability by thrombin‐mediated activation of protein C. An increase of plasma soluble TM level is reported to be associated with severity and worse outcome of coronary artery disease.Hypothesis: This prospective study investigated the relation of the elevated levels of plasma soluble TM and inflammatory and myonecrotic markers in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: Plasma levels of soluble TM, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and creatine kinase and its MB isoenzyme were measured before and after PCI in 100 patients undergoing PCIs.Results: Peak TM levels after PCIs were significantly higher thanbaseline (3.39 ± 1.63 vs. 2.90 ± 1.57 ng/ml, p< 0.001). The peak TM levels after PCIs correlated significantly with the peak CRP and MB levels, and the maximal inflation duration (r = 0.423, p<0.001; r = 0.212, p = 0.034; r = 0.307, p = 0.002, respectively).Conclusions: Soluble TM levels increase significantly after PCI. The elevation of the soluble TM after PCI shows better correlation with inflammation than myocardial injury, indicating an endothelial origin. Measurement of soluble TM could be useful and calls for further studies on the prognostic effects of this marker in this clinical condition.
Association of genetic polymorphisms in the fibrinogen and platelet glycoprotein genes with unstable angina in Chinese patients
Authors: Yongbin Ni , Dayi Hu , Hong Yu , Cuilan Li , Wenling Liu , Hongyu Wang , Lei Li 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Inherited predisposition has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the white population.Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the risk of unstable angina (UA) and genetic factors believed to be associated with an increased tendency toward thrombosis (the variable number of tandem repeats [VNTR] polymorphism of the platelet glycoprotein [GP] Iba gene, P1A1/A2 of the platelet GP IIIa gene, 448G/A of the Bβ fibrinogen gene and Thr312 A1a of the Act fibrinogen gene) in Chinese patients with UA.Methods: We performed a case/control study evaluating 69 Chinese patients (43 men, 26 women) with UA and 69 control subjects without CAD, individually matched for age and gender. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to determine the genetic polymorphisms.Results: The frequencies of GP Ibα C/B genotype and Bβ fibrinogen 448 A allele were higher in patients with UA (46.4 vs. 30.4%, odds ratio [OR] 1.977, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98‐3.97, p = 0.054, and 49.3 vs. 20.3%, OR 3.816, 95%CI 1.797‐8.103, p = 0.000, respectively). Only four subjects (two cases, two controls) with GP IIIa PlA2 allele were found, and there was no association between Act fibrinogen Thr312Ala polymorphism and UA.Conclusions: Chinese patients with UA had increased frequencies of GP Iba C/B genotype and Bβ fibrinogen 448A allele. These data suggest that some genetic factors may influence the development of UA.
Closure of defects of the atrial septum in adults using the amplatzer device:100 consecutive patients in a single center
Authors: Purcell I. F. , Brecker S. J. , Ward D. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects (ASD) is an alternative to surgery, but experience is limited in adults, especially in those with large (> 26 mm) defects.Hypothesis: We investigated the safety, efficacy, and learning curve for closure of ASD and patent foramen ovale (PFO) using the Amplatzer device.Methods: In all, 101 procedures were carried out in 100 consecutive adult patients in a single cardiac center between July 1998 and August 2002.Results: Preprocedure diagnosis was ASD and PFO in 50 patients each. A device was deployed in 94 of 101 attempts (93%) in 94 of 100 patients (94%). Atrial septal defect device sizes were 10‐38 mm, median 24 mm, and 40% were > 26 mm. Major complications occurred in 2 of 100 patients (2%). One ASD device displaced requiring surgery within 24 h and one patient with PFO experienced pericardial tamponade; there were no deaths. Local vascular complications occurred in 4 of 100 (4%) and late complications in 4 of 100 (4%) patients. Patent foramen ovale closure was quicker (p < 0.001), required less radiation (p=0.04), and was associated with fewer local vascular complications than ASD closure (p = 0.04). Deployment of ASD devices > 26 mm was not associated with increased complications, length of procedure, or radiation compared with devices < 26 mm (all p > 0.05). Complications in the first 35 patients were more frequent than in subsequent patients:7 of 35 (20%) versus 3 of 65 (4.6%) (p = 0.04); procedure and fluoroscopy times (both p < 0.001) and radiation doses (p=0.001) were also higher.Conclusion: The Amplatzer device is an effective method for transcatheter closure of interatrial defects in adults, including large ASDs up to 38 mm. Major complications are uncommon. A learning curve of approximately 35 cases was suggested by the decline of complications, procedure times, and radiation exposure.
Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus: Report of 10 cases and literature review
Authors: Gonzalez‐Juanatey Carlos , Testa Ana , Vidan Juan , Izquierdo Ricardo , Garcia‐Castelo Alberto , Daniel Celedonio , Armesto Victor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Persistent left superior vena cava (PLS VC) is the most common thoracic venous anomaly.Hypothesis: This study examines the epidemiologic, clinical, and morphologic characteristics of a cohort of patients with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus.Methods: We examined the clinical and morphologic characteristics of patients with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus diagnosed at a single referral hospital for a defined population in northwestern Spain. We designed a prospective study of the case records of all patients diagnosed with PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus at the echocardiog‐raphy laboratory of the Hospital Xeral‐Calde from January 2001 through December 2002. Patients were included if they had a PLSVC diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) using an echo‐contrast enhancement and confirmed by a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Ten patients (6 women) fulfilled the inclusion criteria described above. All patients were adults and had associated heart disease, including a congenital heart disease in three cases.Results: Magnetic resonance imaging examination confirmed the presence of PLSVC and the site of drainage into the coronary sinus. Absence of the right superior vena cava was observed only in three patients, in whom the main coronary sinus size was significantly increased. Absence of the left bra‐chiocephalic vein was diagnosed in five patients.Conclusion: This study describes 10 new cases of PLSVC and supports the necessity of considering PLSVC draining into the coronary sinus in the diagnosis of patients presenting with dilated coronary sinus diagnosed by TTE. It also underlines the important role of MR imaging in the evaluation of these abnormalities. An associated heart disease must always be excluded in these patients.
Does mild pulmonary stenosis progress during childhood? a study of its natural course
Authors: Ardura Julio , Gonzalez Carmen , Andres Jesus 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Increase in the gradient in congenital pulmonary valvular stenosis during follow‐up is a subject of controversy and could determine the need for treatment in pediatric patients.Hypothesis: It is postulated that a gradient < 50 mmHg shows a stable or decreasing tendency at follow‐up for congenital pulmonary valvular stenosis.Methods: Thirty‐five patients with pulmonary stenosis, isolated and not treated, were followed for 7 years (interquartilic rank 5.7 years) at 1.5‐year intervals. Clinical and complementary tests (electrocardiogram, x‐ray, Doppler echocardiogram) were undertaken. The gradient was measured by Doppler and by using the clinical formula derived from the New England Study (Ellison). The changes observed from the initial to the final consultation were analyzed by means of the Student's t‐test, paired Wilcoxon, and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: No significant changes were noted on symptoms or physical examination. Signs of cardiac enlargement diminished on both ECG (R wave in V1, p < 0.0001) and x‐ray (car‐diothoracic ratio, p < 0.0007), with a decreasing gradient trend during the follow‐up period (p < 0.026) as well.Conclusions: The gradient trend confirms the stable nature of mild pulmonary stenosis. In our study, we found that patients aged > 6 months, whose gradients were below 40 mmHg at the time of diagnosis, remained stable and required no treatment. Furthermore, the follow‐up control and clinical management of these patients may then be performed at intervals of 2 years or more.
Associations between C‐reactive protein and circulating cell adhesion molecules in patients with unstable angina undergoing coronary intervention and their clinical implication
Authors: Doo Young‐Cheoul , Han Sang‐Jin , Park Woo‐Jung , Kim Seong‐Man , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Cho Goo‐Yeong , Hong Kyung‐Soon , Han Kyoo‐Rok , Lee Nam‐Ho , Oh Dong‐Jin , Gryu Kyu‐Hyun , Rhim Chong‐Yun , Lee Kwang‐Hwahk , Lee Yung 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: There is growing evidence that C‐reactive protein (CRP) may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess associations between CRP and adhesion molecules and to determine the prognostic value of adhesion molecules as a predictor of cardiac events in patients with unstable angina.Methods: Fifty‐five consecutive patients (33 males, mean age 61 years) with unstable angina (Braunwald class IIb or Ib) undergoing coronary stenting were included in this study.Results: The test for a trend toward increasing intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 concentrations by the 75th percentile of CRP levels at 72 h after coronary stenting was significant (p = 0.03). At 72 h after coronary stenting, CRP levels were the only determinants of ICAM‐1 concentrations by multiple linear regression analysis. An elevated level of CRP (>5.4mg/l) (oddsratio [OR] 1.5,95%confidenceinterval [CI] 1.3–3.7, p<0.05) and ICAM‐1 (>321 ng/ml) (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–2.1, p < 0.05) at 72 h after coronary stenting is an independent risk factor for an adverse cardiac event.Conclusions: These results suggest that in patients with unstable angina undergoing coronary stenting, the measurements of inflammatory parameters, especially CRP and ICAM‐1, may be useful for identifying those at higher risk of a cardiac event, and CRP may play a direct role in promoting the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis by inducing significant expression of ICAM‐1.
Thoughts about the ventricular gradient and its current clinical use (Part I of II)
Authors: Hurst J. Willis 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe concept of the ventricular gradient was conceived in the mind of Frank Wilsonin the early 1930s. Wilson, a mathematical genius, believed that the calculation of the ventricular gradient yielded information that was not otherwise obtainable. The method of analysis was not utilized by clinicians at large because the concept was not easy to understand and because the method used to compute the direction of the ventricular gradient was so time consuming that clinicians could not use it. Grant utilized the concept to create vector electrocardiography, but he believed that if his method of analysis was used, it was not often necessary to compute the direction of the ventricular gradient. He did, however, describe an easy way to compute the direction of the ventricular gradient. The current major clinical use of the ventricular gradient is to identify primary and secondary T‐wave abnormalities in an electrocardiogram showing left or right ventricular hypertrophy or left or right ventricular conduction abnormalities. In addition, the author uses the term ventricular time gradient instead of ventricular gradient in an effort to clarify the concept. Finally, the author discusses the possible clinical significance of a normally directed but shorter than normal ventricular time gradient, an attribute that has not been emphasized previously.