bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of recurrent laryngeal nerve compound action potential to laryngeal biomechanics
Authors: Nasri Sina , Damrose Edward J. , Ye Ming , Rreiman Jody , Berke Gerald S. , Dulguerov Pavel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the compound action potential (CAP) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and to correlate this electrophysiologic signal to laryngeal biomechanics and phonatory function. Four adult mongrel canines were anesthetized. The RLN was isolated and stimulated, and recording electrodes were applied. The electromyographic (EMG) electrode was placed in the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. The RLN CAP and the EMG of the TA muscle were recorded and compared to the stimulation intensity, subglottic pressure (Psub), and each other. The CAP peak‐to‐peak and EMG peak‐to‐peak amplitudes demonstrated a sigmoidal relation to stimulus intensity and a linear relation to Psub and to each other. On the basis of these findings, the RLN CAP appears to be a reliable physiologic measure of laryngeal function.
Brief report: Prognostic importance of cellular DNA content in T1‐2 N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Toffoli Giuseppe , Cernigoi Claudia , Boiocchi Mauro , Franceschi Silvia , Franchin Giovanni , Barzan Luigi , Carbone Antonino , Sulfaro Sandro 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred fifty‐two unselected, consecutive patients with T1‐2N0 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma received radical radiation therapy at the Division of Radiotherapy, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy. Thirty‐one (20.4%) of the patients showed disease recurrence or persistence (R/P) after radiotherapy. Flow‐cytometric DNA ploidy measurements were performed in 72 cases; 20 had tumor R/P and 52 did not. Tumor R/P occurred more frequently (in 17 [85%] of 20 cases) in patients with diploid tumors. The hazard ratio of recurrence in diploid tumors as compared with aneuploid tumors, after inclusion of all the other significant prognostic factors in a Cox proportional hazards model, was 8.9 (P<.01). Therefore DNA ploidy seems to be an important marker of tumor R/P in patients with T1‐2N0 laryngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy.
Twenty‐five years of experience with stapedectomy
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Storper Ian S. , Haynes David S. , Bohrer Pamela S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this report is to review the outcomes of patients undergoing stapes surgery by the senior author during the past 25 years, and to compare these results with those obtained in other series.A retrospective analysis of 902 patients who underwent stapes surgery by the senior author from 1970 to 1994 was performed. Twenty‐two patients underwent stapedotomy; the remainder underwent stapedectomy. Pure‐tone averages for air and bone conduction, air‐bone gap closure, technique, complications, and patient satisfaction were compared with results obtained in other stapedectomy and stapedotomy series.
Histoplasmosis: The otolaryngologist's perspective
Authors: Gerber Mark E. , Rosdeutscher John D. , Seiden Allen M. , Tami Thomas A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWithin the upper aerodigestive tract, histoplasmosis often mimics carcinoma, making prompt and accurate diagnosis imperative. More severe and potentially lethal infections with Histoplasma capsulaturn are now being seen as the numbers of patients at the extremes of age, as well as those with compromised immune systems, increase. We reviewed the cases of 115 hospitalized patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. Of these, 9 patients were identified with tolaryngologic manifestations: 4 were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 was diabetic, and 3 were renal transplant patients. Sites of involvement included the larynx (in 2 cases) and the oral cavity and oral pharynx (in 7 cases). Eight of the 9 patients had a positive biopsy result; the other, a positive culture. Treatment with amphotericin B was generally effective, while the use of newer azole antifungal agents were less effective. As the number of immunocompromised patients continues to increase in modern clinical practice, histoplasmosis will undoubtedly be encountered more frequently in the head and neck area.
Correlation between preoperative computed tomography and operative findings in functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Jiannetto Daniel F. , Pratt Michael F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the correlation between diagnostic parameters and surgical findings in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for chronic sinusitis. The parameters that were reviewed included the radiologist's report on the computed tomographic (CT) scan, the surgeon's reading of the CT scan, the operative findings, and the histopathology report.A retrospective analysis was conducted of 84 patients with chronic maxillary and ethmoid disease who were treated by the senior author (m.f.p.) over a 5‐year period. The average concurrent agreement between the radiologist's CT report and the surgeon's CT interpretation was 92.26% for unilateral ethmoid disease, 83.73% for unilateral maxillary disease, 79.50% for bilateral ethmoid disease, and 64.28% for bilateral maxillary disease. The operative findings compared more closely with the surgeon's CT interpretation. The results of this study underscore the importance of clinical correlation in the surgical management of chronic sinus disease.
Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations in warthin's tumor
Authors: Chin Kenley W. , Billings Kathleen R. , Ishiyama Akira , Wang Marilene B. , Wackym Phillip A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCell suspensions from six Warthin's tumors (WTs) were characterized with fluorescence‐labeled cell cytometry. WT lymphocyte subsets were identified with monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocyte‐associated cell antigens including T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. Results showed that T cell proportions were 58% and B cell proportions were 39%. The T cell helper:cytotoxic‐suppressor ratio was 5.7:1 and the B to T cell ratio was 0.8:1. NK cells represented 1.3% of cells. When compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in the same patients, statistically significant differences were noted between PBLs and WT lymphocytes in the percentage of B lymphocytes (P<.01), T cytotoxic‐suppressor lymphocytes (P<.02), NK cells (P<.01), and in the ratios of B to T lymphocytes (P<.01) and T helper to T cytotoxic‐suppressor lymphocytes (P<.03). Comparing these data to retrospective data on lymphocyte distribution in normal and reactive lymph nodes, the epithelial component does not appear to exert a local effect on the lymphoid component of WT.
Laser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea: Results in 170 patients
Authors: Walker Regina Paloyan , Gopalsami Chellam , Totten Mary C. , Grigg‐Damberger Madeleine M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaser‐assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) is a procedure for the treatment of snoring and, possibly, sleep apnea. Between July 1993 and December 1994, the authors prospectively evaluated 541 consecutive patients referred to their teaching hospital for possible LAUP to treat loud, disruptive snoring. Of these patients, 274 (51%) had one or more LAUP treatments. As of January 1995, LAUP treatment courses were completed in 170 patients. In this paper, the authors report preliminary results on the use of LAUP in these patients.Among the 170 patients, 105 (62%) had a diagnosis of snoring and 65 (38%) obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) based on preoperative polysomnography. LAUP treatment in the snoring only patients resulted in complete or nearly complete elimination of snoring in 63 patients (60%), partial improvement of snoring in 30 patients (29%), and no improvement in 11 patients (10%). Of the 65 OSAS patients treated with LAUP, postoperative polysomnograms were obtained in 33 patients (51%). Surgical success was achieved in 16 (48%) of the 33 patients. However, 7 patients (21%) had repeat polysomnograms that were worse than their preoperative polysomnograms, and 5 patients (15%) had no significant change. The results of this study suggest that LAUP may be a viable surgical option for patients with snoring and mild sleep apnea.
The fate of the skin graft in laryngoplasty
Authors: Gordon Neil A. , Sasaki Clarence T. , Parkash Vinita , Eisen Richard N. , Narayan Deepak 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn laryngoplasty procedures, laryngotracheal soft tissue defects are often repaired using skin grafts. While stenting is necessary to approximate and immobilize the graft, prolonged stenting causes increased bacterial counts, granulation tissue formation, tissue ischemia, and graft failure. Optimal time for stent removal has not been experimentally defined.Using the ferret animal model, 24 laryngoplasty procedures were performed. The subjects were stented by group for 0, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. Analysis consisted of quantitative bacteriology, dye perfusion, and quantitative histologic assessment of graft viability. Tissue culture results revealed that by 3 days after the procedure all groups had 105 CFU of bacteria per gram of tissue. Graft viability in successful procedures was maximal in the 7‐day group and statistically significant from the 3‐day to the 28‐day groups.In conclusion, while stenting is necessary for graft adherence, prolonged exposure to local tissue sepsis leads to progressive graft destruction.
Combined transpetrosal‐subtemporal craniotomy for clival tumors with extension into the posterior fossa
Authors: Blevins Nikolas H. , Jackler Robert K , Kaplan Michael J. , Gutin Philip H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTumors of the clivus, such as chordoma and chondrosarcoma, are generally amenable to an anterior surgical approach. However, approaches that traverse the pharynx or paranasal sinuses do not adequately expose tumor posterolateral to the horizontal course of the intrapetrous carotid artery. In addition, when tumor extends into the posterior fossa, supplemental exposure of neurovascular structures is necessary. A combination petrosectomy and subtemporal craniotomy can provide simultaneous access to the entire clivus as well as the lateral aspect of the midbrain, pons, and upper medulla. The extent of petrosectomy performed depends on a number of factors including status of hearing, facial nerve function, and degree of brainstem compression. In our experience with three patients (two chordomas and one chondrosarcoma), using either the retrolabyrinthine‐subtemporal or transcochlear‐subtemporal approach, excellent resection was achieved with acceptable morbidity considering the extensive nature of the disease.
Early temporalis muscle transposition for the management of facial paralysis
Authors: Cheney Mack L. , Mckenna Michael J. , Megerian Cliff A. , Ojemann Robert G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTemporalis muscle transposition is a reliable surgical technique for the reanimation of patients with long‐standing facial paralysis. It is often employed when facial nerve reinnervation via crossover or cable grafting is not possible. Temporalis muscle transposition can also be used for the immediate treatment of complete facial paralysis due to insults leaving the facial nerve anatomically intact but requiring a prolonged recovery time (more than 1 year). Because temporalis muscle transposition does not interfere with neuronal regeneration, it may be employed early in the management of complete facial paralysis when recovery is predicted to be extended and incomplete.The authors report their experience with early temporalis muscle transposition in the management of facial paralysis in 56 patients with an anatomically intact facial nerve. More than 90% of these patients achieved improved symmetry at rest as well as purposeful movement at the corner of the mouth. In the last 30 patients, the temporoparietal fascial flap was simultaneously harvested and successfully used to obliterate the donor site defect. In conjunction with the immediate implantation of a gold weight in the ipsilateral upper eyelid, this approach to the early management of facial paralysis helps reduce the period of facial disability from years to weeks in a select group of patients.
Transmastoid labyrinthectomy in older patients
Authors: Schwaber Mitchell K. , Reiber Mark E. , Pensak Myles L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransmastoid labyrinthectomy is an effective procedure for the control of episodic vertigo due to unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction. However, its application in older patients has been limited, primarily because of concerns that older patients may not compensate well postoperatively. Poor vestibular compensation results in constant disequilibrium, motion intolerance, and visual symptomatology. The purpose of this report is to review our results with transmastoid labyrinthectomy in patients over the age of 65. Complete records were available for 22 patients operated on between July 1984 and June 1994. Patient's records were reviewed for age, preoperative duration of symptoms, coexistent medical conditions, vertigo control, and postoperative disequilibrium. Advanced age need not be a contraindication to transmastoid labyrinthectomy.Laryngoscope, 105:1152‐1154, 1995
Safety of thyroidectomy in residency: A review of 186 consecutive cases
Authors: Shindo Maisie L. , Sinha Uttam K. , Rice Dale H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review was performed to assess the surgical complications of thyroidectomy performed by otolaryngology residents under close supervision by faculty. One hundred eighty‐six consecutive cases of thyroidectomy performed by the residents in the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Southern California were reviewed. Sixty‐nine percent of thyroidectomies were performed for malignant or possible malignant diseases, and 31% were performed for benign conditions. Transient (less than 2 weeks in duration) hypocalcemia occurred in 26% of the patients; the vast majority of cases resolved within the first week. Five percent of the patients developed persistent hypocalcemia requiring prolonged replacement therapy. The incidence of unexpected postoperative permanent vocal cord paralysis was 0.9%. These complication rates are comparable to those in previously published large series on results of thyroidectomy. Thyroidectomy performed in an otolaryngology residency training program is a safe procedure when closely supervised by experienced faculty.Laryngoscope, 105:1173‐1175, 1995
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: Management options based on long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Bier‐Laning Carol M. , Horn David B. , Gapany Markus , Duvall Arndt J. , Manivel J. Carlos 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC), a recently described neoplasm that frequently affects the head and neck, presents a confusing problem for the clinician due to its unusual behavior. The individual cells have a bland microscopic appearance, and there is a predilection for neural invasion. Four cases of MAC are reported. All four cases demonstrate the difficulty with pathologic diagnosis. Follow‐up of as long as 33 years begins to delineate the protracted nature of MAC. In addition, this paper includes the first report of a case of lymph node metastasis. Although resection may result in a significant defect, negative margins may not be achieved. Despite this, the defect can heal, as demonstrated by the cases described. In addition, MAC may recur many years later, irrespective of the status of the margins at the time of surgery. Given these unusual characteristics and the slowly progressive nature of MAC, strong consideration must be given to less radical surgical procedures, with close follow‐up for grossly recurrent disease.
Neck flexion and extension in children with down syndrome: A somatosensory study
Authors: Abramson Peter J. , Todd N. Wendell , Holt Philip J. , Allen A. Thomas , Hayden Gail B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe cervical spine in Down syndrome patients is often lax, at least at radiographic imaging, and the risk of spinal cord embarrassment is increased. This study was performed to obtain information that would help identify patients at risk for this problem and reduce the risk of endotracheal intubation and other surgical procedures in patients with Down syndrome.Somatosensory evoked potential studies were performed in 15 consecutive children who were undergoing elective otolaryngic surgery. None had neurologic symptoms or the physical examination finding of cervical spinal cord embarrassment, and their cervical spines were considered normal by plain radiographs obtained in the neutral, flexed, and extended positions. No significant change in latency (P=.16) or amplitude (P=.19) was found when the anesthetized children had their necks placed in either full flexion or full extension. With more than 90% certainty, the authors believe that children with Down syndrome who have “normal” plain cervical spine radiographs are exposed to no extra risks from neck flexion or extension during surgery.
Acoustic parameters and speech analysis after supracricoid hemilaryngopharyngectomy
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Crevier‐Buchman Lise , Jouffre Véronique , Laccourreye Henri , Brasnu Daniel , Weinstein Gregory 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSelected characteristics of speech and voice were compared in 10 patients who had undergone supracricoid hemilaryngopharyngectomy (SCHLP) and 20 normal adult laryngeal (NAL) speakers. Durational features of tape‐recorded speech samples were measured using a stopwatch. Frequency features were analyzed with the Computerized Speech Lab and the multidimensional voice program. SCHLP speech proved comparable to NAL speech in average fundamental frequency, speech rate, and group phrasing. SCHLP speech and voice were statistically less efficient than NAL speech in fundamental frequency range, jitter, shimmer, noise‐to‐harmonic ratio, and maximum phonation time. Age, associated cricopharyngeal myotomy, postoperative radiation therapy, and time elapsed from SCHLP completion were not statistically related to the speech and voice parameters of SCHLP speakers.
Expressions of c‐jun and p53 proteins in human middle ear cholesteatoma: Relationship to keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death
Authors: Shinoda Hideo , Huang Cheng‐Chun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe c‐jun protein functions as a transcription factor for many genes, and the p53 protein functions as a negative regulator of cellular proliferation, which is related to the apoptosis pathway that induces DNA damage. It has recently been shown that c‐jun promotes keratinocyte proliferation and p53 induces apoptosis of various cells.In this study, the presence of c‐jun and p53 in cholesteatoma was demonstrated by immunoblotting assays using polyclonal rabbit anti‐c‐jun antibody and monoconal anti‐p53 protein antibody, respectively. The cholesteatoma tissue incubated with anti‐c‐jun antibody showed the staining of keratinocytes on the basal and spinous layers of epithelium. The c‐jun protein was localized in the basal layer of normal skin, and the p53 protein was present in the nucleus of keratinocytes in the granular layer of cholesteatoma epithelium. The keratinocytes of normal external ear canal skins and normal human skins were slightly stained in the granular layer of the epidermis. The present findings suggest that c‐jun and p53 proteins have a role in keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in the cholesteatoma.
Clinical relevance of protein‐tyrosine (De‐)phosphorylation in head and neck cancer
Authors: Verschuur Hendrik P. , Wynne Herman J. , Slootweg Pieter J. , Van Langen Jeroen , Staal Gerard E. J. , Rijksen Gert , Hordijk Gert Jan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that protein tyrosine (de)phosphorylation plays an important role in head and neck cancer. Protein‐tyrosine kinases (PTK) and protein‐tyrosine phosphatases (PTPase) activities in the cytosol of tumor tissue were significantly increased compared to normal tissue of cancer patients as well as controls. Additionally, the enzyme activities in normal tissue of tumor patients were significantly higher than enzyme activities in normal tissue of the control group. In this paper, we have correlated the cytosolic and membranous PTK and PTPase activity of tumor and nontumor tissue with several clinical and histological parameters known to influence the clinical outcome. Furthermore, we have analyzed the value of the enzyme activities as an independent predictor of clinical behavior and occurrence of second primary tumors. We confirmed our earlier observations that cytosolic and membranous PTK activities and cytosolic PTPase activities in tumor tissues are increased compared to activities in nontumor tissues and controls. Moreover, we also confirmed the findings of increased enzyme activities in nontumor tissues compared to findings in control tissues. This finding in histologically proven healthy mucosa is highly interesting because it indicates that these biochemical changes are obviously not (yet) translated into morphological changes. Significant differences were found in membranous PTK activity when the patients were grouped by sex, tumor localization, lymph node metastasis, and previous radiotherapy. During the follow‐up period, no relation could be found between enzyme activities in tumor and/or nontumor tissues and disease‐free interval or occurrence of second primary tumors.
Previous tonsillectomy as prognostic indicator for success of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Mcguirt William F. , Johnson Jonas T. , Sanders Mark H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFactors that determine a successful outcome following uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are not well defined. This study was undertaken to determine if prior tonsillectomy is predictive of a lower response rate to UPPP. A retrospective review of a cohort undergoing UPPP alone or in combination with nasal septoplasty for OSA was undertaken. Preoperative and postoperative polysomnograms were obtained to evaluate the severity of the OSA. The sample was a consecutive series of 79 patients with OSA. Clinical evaluation was performed by both an otolaryngologist and a pulmo‐nologist. Surgical treatment in this group of 79 patients included 52 UPPP and 27 UPPP in patients with prior tonsillectomy. Concurrent septoplasty was undertaken in 17 patients.Criteria for outcome were based on comparison of preoperative and postoperative polysomnograms (i.e., apnea index, respiratory disturbance index change, and lowest saturation). A response to therapy was defined as a reduction in apnea index greater than 50%. A success was defined as apnea index less than 5, reduction of respiratory disturbance index greater than 50%, and nadir saturation greater than 82%. In 79 patients with OSA, 78% responded and 37% reflected therapeutic successes. Patients with history of prior tonsillectomy were less likely to have therapeutic improvement following UPPP. In 52 patients without previous tonsillectomy, 88% responded and 52% had a successful outcome. of those with previous tonsillectomy, 59% responded and 7% had a successful outcome.The status of previous tonsillectomy is an important prognostic indicator in the success of UPPP for the treatment of OSA. We speculate that the presence of palatine tonsils allows the removal of an extra measure of oropharyngeal tissue, thereby improving the likelihood of success for UPPP.