bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test-anxious Children and Adolescents: Psychopathology, Cognition, and Psychophysiological Reactivity
Authors: King Neville J. , Ollendick Thomas H. , Prins Pier J.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTest anxiety in children has long been recognised to be a significant and challenging educational problem. Recent advances in diagnostic interviewing, cognitive assessment, and physiological recording have facilitated a considerable amount of research on test-anxious youth. This research has yielded important clinical insights about test-anxious children and adolescents of interest to teachers and psychologists. We describe and evaluate the findings of these investigations. Finally, we discuss the implications of the research findings for intervention in school settings. Cognitive-behavioural strategies are tentatively recommended for the treatment of test-anxious children and adolescents.
A Model of Leisure and Mental Health in Australian Adolescents
Authors: Passmore Anne , French Davina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDevelopment and maintenance of mental health is a major requirement for successful adolescent transition. During this critical process of change, when many mental health concerns first manifest, it has been suggested that positive leisure experiences provide opportunities that support and promote adolescent development and mental health. This investigation examined the relationship between leisure and mental health in an adolescent population. Based on an extensive literature review and analysis of focus-group interviews with 130 adolescents, it was hypothesised that self-efficacy, competence, and self-worth act as mediators between leisure and mental health. Measures of leisure, mental health, and the three intervening factors were collected from a total sample of 850 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the interrelationships of the variables and for testing the goodness-of-fit of the hypothesised model. Results suggest that some forms of positive leisure involvement, namely achievement-oriented leisure (which provides challenges and a range of demands), and social leisure, do significantly influence mental health through the identified intervening factors. The construct of competence, in particular, formed a crucial link in the model. However, the third type of leisure, time-out leisure (which typically involves solitary activities such as lying on one's bed and reflecting, or watching television), demonstrated a significant but negative association with mental health. These outcomes provide some guidelines for facilitating and promoting mental health through leisure in adolescence.
Pre- and Post-session Assessments: Problems and Recommendations
Authors: Guerin Bernard , Palmer Daniel , Brace Rachel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe discuss two common ways that assessment tests or probes have been given in relation to training during applied behavioural interventions when continuous assessment is not possible. With pre-session assessment, target behaviours are tested immediately before training sessions; with post-session assessment, target behaviours are tested immediately after training sessions. Although they are not optimal methods for testing performance, such assessments are not rare, and archival data on the incidence of these two methods for JABA publications in the period 1993 to 1996 show that about 25% of research articles use one or both of these methods. The distinction between pre- and post-session assessment is important because the two methods influence the interpretation of data, and the decision to move to the next phase of an intervention. This influence is illustrated with a comparison between two studies of correspondence training. We then discuss the different positive and negative aspects of each assessment type, and two new methodologies are developed that retain the positive aspects of each assessment type. The final recommendation when such designs are necessary is a new method in which a criterion of three correct post-session assessments is reached first, followed by three correct pre-session assessments, before moving into the next phase of intervention.
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for the Management of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Sofronoff Kate 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCurrent research reflects conflict regarding best practice in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study reports on the psychological treatment of a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with OCD, and follows the implementation of pharmacological treatment. The study utilises both exposure and response prevention (ERP) and cognitive therapy (CT), although there was no attempt to compare these approaches in an experimental design. Measures of avoiding and neutralising behaviours were taken on three occasions across treatment. Measures were also taken of intrusive thoughts, appraisal of responsibility, and effective challenging, both across treatment and at follow-up. The results indicate that gains were made in addition to those reported following the implementation of medication. The results also suggest that the addition of CT to exposure and response prevention facilitates the extinction of neutralising behaviours.
Controlled Comparison of Single-session Treatments for Spider Phobia: Live Graded Exposure Alone versus Computer-aided Vicarious Exposure
Authors: Heading Katharine , Kirkby Kenneth C. , Martin Frances , Daniels Brett A. , Gilroy Lisa J. , Menzies Ross G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe efficacy of prolonged single sessions of live graded exposure (LGE) and computer-aided vicarious exposure (CAVE) for spider phobia was examined in a single-blind, controlled trial. Forty participants diagnosed with specific phobia (spiders) received a prolonged single-session treatment of either therapist-aided LGE comprising exposure only or CAVE, or were assigned to a waiting list. Phobic symptomatology was measured at pre- and post-treatment, and at 1-month follow-up on a range of behavioural and subjective assessments. The results showed that the single-session therapist-aided LGE was superior to both CAVE and the waiting-list control. In contrast with previous findings of comparability between LGE and CAVE, and superiority of CAVE over placebo, the present study found no significant differences between the CAVE and waiting-list groups, with the exception of subjective units of distress, providing little support for single-session CAVE treatment.
Evaluation of an Anxiety-prevention and Positive-coping Program (FRIENDS) for Children and Adolescents of Non-English-speaking Background
Authors: Barrett Paula M. , Sonderegger Robi , Sonderegger Noleen L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study aimed to (a) appraise the efficacy of a well validated Anglo-Australian anxiety-prevention and stress-resiliency program (FRIENDS) for use with culturally diverse migrant groups residing in Australia, (b) examine the social validity of FRIENDS, and (c) obtain information from both participants and facilitators regarding how the program can best be modified for specific use with non-English-speaking background (NESB) clients. To test the efficacy of the intervention, pre- and post-intervention evaluation of internalising symptoms and coping ability were compared with waiting-list control groups (matched according to ethnic group, gender, and school level). One hundred and six primary and ninety-eight high school students differentiated by cultural origin (former-Yugoslavian, Chinese, and mixed-ethnic) and school level (primary and high school), completed standardised measures of internalising symptoms and were allocated to either an intervention (n = 121) or a waiting-list (n = 83) condition. Both groups were readministered the assessment package for comparison following a 10-week treatment or waiting period. Consistent with a recent pilot study, pre/post-assessment indicated that participants in the intervention condition exhibited lower anxiety and a more positive future outlook than waiting-list participants. Participating students reported to be highly satisfied with the intervention. Despite the overall success of FRIENDS, the program may be enhanced by culturally sensitive supplements so that the program is more applicable for use with NESB participants. Suggestions for treatment program modifications of FRIENDS are discussed.
Motivational Enhancement and MEMS Review to Improve Medication Adherence
Authors: Rosen Marc I. , Ryan Caitlin , Rigsby Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractElectronic caps (most often Microelectronic Monitoring Systems; MEMS) that record date and time of bottle opening have been widely used to describe medication adherence. This paper expands upon descriptions of adherence-focused therapy built around review of MEMS data with the patient, adding the application of Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) principles. MEMS Feedback Therapy involves (a) motivational interviewing to complement the skill-building aspects of MEMS review; (b) detailed MEMS review with discussion of patterns of missed doses, and thoughts, feelings and habits accompanying missed doses; and (c) medication-taking routines to suggest after MET and MEMS review have prepared the patient to follow advice.
A Feasibility Study of Enhanced Group Triple P — Positive Parenting Program for Parents of Children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Hoath Fiona E. , Sanders Matthew R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this randomised controlled trial was to examine the efficacy of an Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-specific, Enhanced (Level 5) Group Triple P intervention. Twenty families with a child with clinically diagnosed ADHD aged between 5 and 9 years participated. Families were randomly assigned to either an enhanced intervention group (Enhanced Group Triple P; EGTP) or a wait list (WL) condition. Using parent reports of child behaviour, parenting practices and family functioning in addition to teacher reports of child behaviour in the school environment, parents in the EGTP condition reported significant reductions in intensity of disruptive child behaviour problems, aversive parenting practices and increases in parental self-efficacy when compared to the WL condition. Parents' reports at 3-month follow-up indicated the gains in child behaviour and parenting practices achieved at post-intervention were maintained.
Sensory Differences and Stereotyped Movements in Children with Autism
Authors: Gal Eynat , Dyck Murray , Passmore Anne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to test whether there is a functional relationship between sensory stimulation and stereotyped movements (SM). Four children with autism and intellectual disability (according to DSM-IV criteria) who showed stereotyped movements were studied. The Short Sensory Profile was used to define whether a child perceived stimulation within each sensory modality as aversive, attractive, or neutral. The Stereotyped and Self-Injurious Movements Interview was used to identify each child's repetitive movements. Children were then exposed to sensory stimuli that were neutral, aversive or attractive. Results indicate that children: (a) initiate or increase stereotyped movements immediately following the onset of an aversive stimulus, (b) terminate or decrease stereotyped movements following the onset of an attractive stimulus and (c) initiate or increase stereotyped movements during periods of neutral stimulation. We conclude that stereotyped movements are functionally related to sensory stimulation; individuals who frequently engage in stereotyped movements may do so in order to cope with under-stimulation and aversive over-stimulation.
Are microarrays useful in the screening of ABCA4 mutations in Italian patients affected by macular degenerations?
Authors: Stenirri Stefania , Alaimo Georgia , Manitto Maria Pia , Brancato Rosario , Ferrari Maurizio , Cremonesi Laura 
Published: July 2008

Abstract: Recessive Stargardt disease is due to mutations in the retina-specific ABC transporter gene. Established strategies for molecular characterization of this gene include direct detection by a microarray interrogating approximately 500 DNA variations and a scanning denaturing HPLC methodology.: Because 11 mutations were reported to account for approximately 50% of molecular defects in the Italian population, we evaluated an alternative open microchip-based assay for a fast and simplified level 1 screening for these mutations.: This approach allowed the characterization of both mutated alleles in 4% and one mutated allele in 43% of cases when applied to a cohort of 47 Stargardt patients. In the same patients, further investigation by denaturing HPLC for complete characterization identified both mutated alleles in 51% and one mutated allele in 19% of cases, allowing the detection of 38 different mutations, five of which had never been described. Notably, new mutations account for a high proportion (13%) of molecular defects in our patient cohort.: This finding raises the question about the choice of the optimal diagnostic strategy for complete genotyping of theClin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:1250–5.
Comparative Genetic Mapping Between Octoploid and Diploid Fragaria Species Reveals a High Level of Colinearity Between Their Genomes and the Essentially Disomic Behavior of the Cultivated Octoploid Strawberry
Authors: Rousseau-Gueutin Mathieu , Lerceteau-Köhler Estelle , Barrot Laure , Sargent Daniel James , Monfort Amparo , Simpson David , Arús Pere , Guérin Guy , Denoyes-Rothan Béatrice 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Macrosynteny and colinearity between Fragaria (strawberry) species showing extreme levels of ploidy have been studied through comparative genetic mapping between the octoploid cultivated strawberry (F. ×ananassa) and its diploid relatives. A comprehensive map of the octoploid strawberry, in which almost all linkage groups are ranged into the seven expected homoeologous groups was obtained, thus providing the first reference map for the octoploid Fragaria. High levels of conserved macrosynteny and colinearity were observed between homo(eo)logous linkage groups and between the octoploid homoeologous groups and their corresponding diploid linkage groups. These results reveal that the polyploidization events that took place along the evolution of the Fragaria genus and the more recent juxtaposition of two octoploid strawberry genomes in the cultivated strawberry did not trigger any major chromosomal rearrangements in genomes involved in F. ×ananassa. They further suggest the existence of a close relationship between the diploid Fragaria genomes. In addition, despite the possible existence of residual levels of polysomic segregation suggested by the observation of large linkage groups in coupling phase only, the prevalence of linkage groups in coupling/repulsion phase clearly demonstrates that the meiotic behavior is mainly disomic in the cultivated strawberry.
Pervasive Sex-Linked Effects on Transcription Regulation As Revealed by Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Lake Whitefish Species Pairs (Coregonus sp., Salmonidae)
Authors: Derome N , Bougas B , Rogers S M , Whiteley A R , Labbe A , Laroche J , Bernatchez L 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMapping of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) is a powerful means for elucidating the genetic architecture of gene regulation. Yet, eQTL mapping has not been applied toward investigating the regulation architecture of genes involved in the process of population divergence, ultimately leading to speciation events. Here, we conducted an eQTL mapping experiment to compare the genetic architecture of transcript regulation in adaptive traits, differentiating the recently evolved limnetic (dwarf) and benthic (normal) species pairs of lake whitefish. The eQTL were mapped in three data sets derived from an F1 hybrid-dwarf backcrossed family: the entire set of 66 genotyped individuals and the two sexes treated separately. We identified strikingly more eQTL in the female data set (174), compared to both male (54) and combined (33) data sets. The majority of these genes were not differentially expressed between male and female progeny of the backcross family, thus providing evidence for a strong pleiotropic sex-linked effect in transcriptomic regulation. The subtelomeric region of a linkage group segregating in females encompassed &gt;50% of all eQTL, which exhibited the most pronounced additive effects. We also conducted a direct comparison of transcriptomic profiles between pure dwarf and normal progeny reared in controlled conditions. We detected 34 differentially expressed transcripts associated with eQTL segregating only in sex-specific data sets and mostly belonging to functional groups that differentiate dwarf and normal whitefish in natural populations. Therefore, these eQTL are not related to interindividual variation, but instead to the adaptive and historical genetic divergence between dwarf and normal whitefish. This study exemplifies how the integration of genetic and transcriptomic data offers a strong means for dissecting the functional genomic response to selection by separating mapping family-specific effects from genetic factors under selection, potentially involved in the phenotypic divergence of natural populations.
Two New Y-Linked Genes inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Vibranovski Maria D , Koerich Leonardo B , Carvalho A Bernardo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Y chromosome and other heterochromatic regions present special challenges for genome sequencing and for the annotation of genes. Here we describe two new genes (ARY and WDY) on the Drosophila melanogaster Y, bringing its number of known single-copy genes to 12. WDY may correspond to the fertility factor kl-1.
Incorporation of Y′-Ty1 cDNA Destabilizes Telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Telomerase-Negative Mutants
Authors: Maxwell Patrick H , Curcio M Joan 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Ty1 retrotransposons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are activated by telomere erosion. Ty1-dependent reverse transcription of mRNA from subtelomeric Y′ repeats generates chimeric Y′-Ty1 cDNA. Here, we show that Y′-Ty1 cDNA is incorporated at eroding telomeres in the absence of telomerase. Telomeric incorporation of Y′-Ty1 cDNA promotes genome rearrangements.
A Recently Active Miniature Inverted-Repeat Transposable Element, Chunjie, Inserted Into an Operon Without Disturbing the Operon Structure in Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4
Authors: Chen Yong , Zhou Fengfeng , Li Guojun , Xu Ying 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are short DNA transposons with terminal inverted repeat (TIR) signals and have been extensively studied in plants and other eukaryotes. But little is known about them in eubacteria. We identified a novel and recently active MITE, Chunjie, when studying the recent duplication of an operon consisting of ABC transporters and a phosphate uptake regulator in the chromosome of Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4. Chunjie resembles the other known MITEs in many aspects, e.g., having TIR signals and direct repeats, small in size, noncoding, able to fold into a stable secondary structure, and typically inserted into A + T-rich regions. At least one case of recent transposition was observed, i.e., the insertion of Chunjie into one copy of the aforementioned operon. As far as we know, this is the first report that the insertion of a MITE does not disrupt the operon structure.
Rifaximin for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Lawrence Kenneth R. , Klee Jacqueline A. 
Published: July 2008

Objective. To review the effectiveness and safety of rifaximin for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.Methods. A literature search was conducted of MEDLINE (1966‐September 2007), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1995–2007), and the Cochrane Hepato‐Biliary Group Reviews (2003–2007). English‐language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. All available studies were reviewed, including placebo‐controlled, treatment comparison, and open label.Results. Rifaximin was effective in improving behavioral, laboratory, mental status, and intellectual abnormalities associated with hepatic encephalopathy. Some studies demonstrated superior and more rapid improvement in signs or symptoms of encephalopathy during treatment with rifaximin compared with nonabsorbable disaccharides (lactulose, lactitol). Patients treated with rifaximin also required less hospitalization, had shorter duration of hospitalization, and lower hospital charges compared with lactulose‐treated patients. Adverse effects of rifaximin were mostly minor gastrointestinal complaints; however, rifaximin was better tolerated than other pharmacologic treatments.Conclusion. Rifaximin was at least equally effective as and in some studies superior to nonabsorbable disaccharides and antimicrobials in relieving signs or symptoms observed in patients with mild‐to‐moderately severe hepatic encephalopathy. Future clinical trials should focus on using standardized methods of evaluating mental status and limiting enrollment to patients with mild‐to‐moderate, episodic, persistent, or minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Well‐designed studies are needed to fully delineate the efficacy of rifaximin and other pharmacologic treatments for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
Frequency of Inappropriate Continuation of Acid Suppressive Therapy After Discharge in Patients Who Began Therapy in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Murphy Catherine E. , Stevens Alison M. , Ferrentino Nicholas , Crookes Bruce A. , Hebert James C. , Freiburg Carter B. , Rebuck Jill A. 
Published: July 2008

Study Objective. To determine the frequency with which patients who begin to receive stress ulcer prophylaxis in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) are discharged receiving inappropriate acid suppressive therapy (AST).Design. Prospective, observational evaluation.Setting. Level 1 trauma center and academic tertiary care hospital.Patients. A total of 248 consecutive adult patients admitted to the SICU during a 6‐month period who began to receive AST with a proton pump inhibitor or histamine2‐receptor antagonist.Measurements and Main Results. In most patients (237 [95.6%] of 248), initiation of AST was associated with one or more risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. Continuation of AST during hospitalization outside the SICU occurred in 215 patients (86.7%). Sixty patients (24.2%) were discharged from the hospital receiving AST: 52 patients (21.0%) went to skilled nursing facilities or rehabilitation centers, and eight (3.2%) were discharged home. Compared with those whose AST was discontinued in the hospital, patients who continued to receive AST after hospital discharge required extended mechanical ventilation (p=0.001), had twice as many risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (p<0.001), were frequently discharged with anticoagulant therapy (p<0.001), exhibited longer hospital and SICU stays (p<0.001), and more frequently demonstrated Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 8 or lower and/or had head injury (p<0.001), hepatic failure (p=0.004), and major trauma (p=0.049). Evaluation of continuation of AST during hospitalization revealed that only 7.4% (16/215) of patients at SICU transfer and 5.0% (3/60) of patients at hospital discharge had a compelling risk factor to continue AST as demonstrated by a coagulopathy at discharge; no patients required mechanical ventilation at hospital discharge.Conclusion. Most patients inappropriately continued to receive stress ulcer prophylaxis during post‐SICU hospitalization. Presence of risk factors for stress ulcer‐related gastrointestinal bleeding at SICU admission appears to influence continuation of AST after discharge from the hospital. A low percentage (3.2%) of patients was discharged home receiving inappropriate AST, yet overall, few study patients demonstrated a compelling risk factor for continuation of AST.