bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune interface interference vaccines: An evolution‐informed approach to anti‐bacterial vaccine design
Authors: Croucher Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping protein‐based vaccines against bacteria has proved much more challenging than producing similar immunisations against viruses. Currently, anti‐bacterial vaccines are designed using methods based on reverse vaccinology. These identify broadly conserved, immunogenic proteins using a combination of genomic and high‐throughput laboratory data. While this approach has successfully generated multiple rationally designed formulations that show promising immunogenicity in animal models, few have been licensed. The difficulty of inducing protective immunity in humans with such vaccines mirrors the ability of many bacteria to recolonise individuals despite recognition by natural polyvalent antibody repertoires. As bacteria express too many antigens to evade all adaptive immune responses through mutation, they must instead inhibit the efficacy of such host defences through expressing surface structures that interface with the immune system. Therefore, ‘immune interface interference’ (I3) vaccines that target these features should synergistically directly target bacteria and prevent them from inhibiting responses to other surface antigens. This approach may help us understand the efficacy of the two recently introduced immunisations against serotype B meningococci, which both target the Factor H‐binding protein (fHbp) that inhibits complement deposition on the bacterial surface. Therefore, I3 vaccine designs may help overcome the current challenges of developing protein‐based vaccines to prevent bacterial infections.
Clinical significance of postoperative folate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cells (FR + CTCs) for long‐term prognosis in patients with invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) of the lung
Authors: Ma Zeming , Zhou Zhiwei , Wang Shijie , Ji Hong , Zhao Dachuan , Wang Liang , Chen Jinfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of postoperative folate receptor‐positive circulating tumor cell (FR + CTC) detection in patients with stage I–III invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) treated with surgery.MethodsPatients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) who underwent surgical resection in Peking University Cancer Hospital and received postoperative FR + CTC analysis from July 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively collected. Comparisons between or among groups were made using the Kruskal‐Wallis or Mann–Whitney U tests. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to explore the factors predicting recurrence and survival.ResultsThere were significant differences between the high and low groups in terms of age (p = 0.002), postoperative CA199 (p = 0.038), and postoperative SCC (p = 0.024). There were no significant differences in the other indicators (all p>0.05). N stage 1, N stage 2, and neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) were independent risk factors for disease recurrence and death; pleural invasion (PI), and nerve invasion were independent risk factors for death. The Kaplan–Meier curve showed a notable trend for a worse disease‐free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) for patients with high levels of FR + CTCs in our study, but none of these were statistically significant.ConclusionThe detection of FR + CTCs postoperatively was an independent predictor of recurrence in patients treated for stage I–III IAC. Standardized detection methods and optimal time points for assessment should be established in future studies.
Substance use treatment completion and criminal justice system contact in Chile: A retrospective, linked data cohort study
Authors: Mateo Pinones Mariel , González‐Santa Cruz Andrés , Castillo‐Carniglia Alvaro , Bond Christine , Payne Jason , McGee Tara Renae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsSubstance use treatment (SUT) has shown to be effective in reducing self‐reported offending; however, the association between SUT completion and criminal justice system (CJS) contact has been underexplored, especially in Latin America. This study aimed to estimate the association between SUT completion status and (1) any subsequent CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment, at 1, 3 and 5 years post‐discharge, in Chile.DesignRetrospective cohort study using multivariable survival analysis based on linked administrative data from 2010 to 2019.SettingThis study took place in Chile, where SUT is available at no cost through Chile's publicly funded health‐care, and is provided in outpatient and inpatient modalities in public and private centres.ParticipantsA total of 70 854 individuals received their first SUT from 2010 to 2019. They were mainly males (76.3%), and their main substance used at admission was cocaine paste (39.2%).MeasurementsSUT completion status included completion, late dropout (≥ 3 months) and early dropout (< 3 months). Outcomes were (1) any CJS contact and (2) CJS contact leading to imprisonment after baseline treatment. We estimated the association between treatment completion and CJS contact through flexible parametric Royston−Parmar models while adjusting for several covariates.FindingsThose who completed SUT (27.2%) were less likely to have any CJS contact at 5 years post‐SUT compared with those who dropped out late [with a gap of −9.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −8.7, −10.3] and early (−11.2%, 95% CI = −10.1, −12.3). Also, those who completed SUT were less likely to have CJS contact leading to imprisonment at 5 years post‐SUT compared with those who dropped out late (−2.6%, 95% CI = −2.2, −3.1) and early (−4.0%, 95% CI = −3.3, −4.6). These differences were also observed at 1 and 3 years post‐SUT for each outcome.ConclusionsIn Chile, completion of substance use treatment appears to be associated with lower probabilities of both any criminal justice system contact and contact leading to imprisonment.
Management of vaccinations in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Merli Michele , Costantini Andrea , Tafuri Silvio , Bavaro Davide Fiore , Minoia Carla , Meli Erika , Luminari Stefano , Gini Guido 
Published: March 2024

SummaryVaccinations are fundamental tools in preventing infectious diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients like those affected by non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). The COVID‐19 pandemic made clinicians increasingly aware of the importance of vaccinations in preventing potential life‐threatening SARS‐CoV‐2‐related complications in NHL patients. However, several studies have confirmed a significant reduction in vaccine‐induced immune responses after anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment, thus underscoring the need for refined immunization strategies in NHL patients. In this review, we summarize the existing data about COVID‐19 and other vaccine's efficacy in patients with NHL and propose multidisciplinary team‐based recommendations for the management of vaccines in this specific group of patients.
Long‐term outcome of peripheral T‐cell lymphomas: Ten‐year follow‐up of the International Prospective T‐cell Project
Authors: Civallero Monica , Schroers‐Martin Joseph G. , Horwitz Steven , Manni Martina , Stepanishyna Yana , Cabrera Maria Elena , Vose Julie , Spina Michele , Hitz Felicitas , Nagler Arnon , Montoto Silvia , Chiattone Carlos , Skrypets Tetiana , Perez Saenz M. Angeles , Priolo Giorgio , Luminari Stefano , Lymboussaki Athina , Pavlovsky Astrid , Marino Dario , Liberati Marina , Trotman Judith , Mannina Donato , Federico Massimo , Advani Ranjana 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of haematological cancers with generally poor clinical outcomes. However, a subset of patients experience durable disease control, and little is known regarding long‐term outcomes. The International T‐cell Lymphoma Project (ITCLP) is the largest prospectively collected cohort of patients with PTCLs, providing insight into clinical outcomes at academic medical centres globally. We performed a long‐term outcome analysis on patients from the ITCLP with available 10‐year follow‐up data (n = 735). The overall response rate to first‐line therapy was 68%, while 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival estimates were 49% and 40% respectively. Most deaths occurred prior to 5 years, and for patients alive at 5 years, the chance of surviving to 10 years was 84%. However, lymphoma remained the leading cause of death in the 5‐ to 10‐year period (67%). Low‐risk International Prognostic Index and Prognostic Index for T‐cell lymphoma scores both identified patients with improved survival, while in multivariate analysis, age >60 years and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 2–4 were associated with inferior outcomes. The favourable survival seen in patients achieving durable initial disease control emphasizes the unmet need for optimal front‐line therapeutic approaches in PTCLs.
Interaction of patient age and high‐grade prostate cancer on targeted biopsies of MRI suspicious lesions
Authors: Pak Jamie S. , Huang Richard , Huang William C. , Lepor Herbert , Wysock James S. , Taneja Samir S. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the interaction of patient age and Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score in determining the grade of prostate cancer (PCa) identified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐targeted biopsy in older men.Patients and methodsFrom a prospectively accrued Institutional Review Board‐approved comparative study of MRI‐targeted and systematic biopsy between June 2012 and December 2022, men with at least one PI‐RADS ≥3 lesion on pre‐biopsy MRI and no prior history of PCa were selected. Ordinal and binomial logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 2677 men met study criteria. The highest PI‐RADS score was 3 in 1220 men (46%), 4 in 950 men (36%), and 5 in 507 men (19%). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient age was 66.7 (60.8–71.8) years, median (IQR) prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.1 (4.6–9.0) ng/mL, median (IQR) prostate volume was 48 (34–68) mL, and median (IQR) PSA density was 0.13 (0.08–0.20) ng/mL/mL. Clinically significant (cs)PCa and high‐risk PCa were identified on targeted biopsy in 1264 (47%) and 321 (12%) men, respectively. Prevalence of csPCa and high‐risk PCa were significantly higher in the older age groups. On multivariable analyses, patient age was significantly associated with csPCa but not high‐risk PCa; PI‐RADS score and the interaction of age and PI‐RADS score were significantly associated with high‐risk PCa but not csPCa.ConclusionIn our cohort, the substantial rate of high‐risk PCa on MRI–ultrasound fusion targeted biopsies in older men, and its significant association with MRI findings, supports the value of pre‐biopsy MRI to localise disease that could cause cancer mortality even in older men.
Children's moral evaluations of and behaviors toward people who are curious about religion and science
Authors: Mosley Ariel J. , White Cindel J. M. , Solomon Larisa Heiphetz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough children exhibit curiosity regarding science, questions remain regarding how children evaluate others' curiosity and whether evaluations differ across domains that prioritize faith (e.g., religion) versus those that value questioning (e.g., science). In Study 1 (n = 115 5‐ to 8‐year‐olds; 49% female; 66% White), children evaluated actors who were curious, ignorant and non‐curious, or knowledgeable about religion or science; curiosity elicited relatively favorable moral evaluations (ds > .40). Study 2 (n = 62 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds; 48% female; 63% White) found that these evaluations generalized to behaviors, as children acted more pro‐socially and less punitively toward curious, versus not curious, individuals ( = .37). These findings (data collected 2020–2022) demonstrate children's positive moral evaluations of curiosity and contribute to debates regarding overlap between scientific and religious cognition.
Malignancy‐associated ischemic stroke: Implications for diagnostic and therapeutic workup
Authors: Xie Wanqing , Hsu Szuyao , Lin Yuxuan , Xie Lv , Jin Xia , Zhu Ziyu , Guo Yunlu , Chen Caiyang , Huang Dan , Boltze Johannes , Li Peiying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with malignancies have an increased risk of suffering ischemic stroke via several mechanisms such as coagulation dysfunction and other malignancy‐related effects as well as iatrogenic causes. Moreover, stroke can be the first sign of an occult malignancy, termed as malignancy‐associated ischemic stroke (MAS). Therefore, timely diagnostic assessment and targeted management of this complex clinical situation are critical.FindingsPatients with both stroke and malignancy have atypical ages, risk factors, and often exhibit malignancy‐related symptoms and multiple lesions on neuroimaging. New biomarkers such as eicosapentaenoic acid and blood mRNA profiles may help in distinguishing MAS from other strokes. In terms of treatment, malignancy should not be considered a contraindication, given comparable rates of recanalization and complications between stroke patients with or without malignancies.ConclusionIn this review, we summarize the latest developments in diagnosing and managing MAS, especially stroke with occult malignancies, and provide new recommendations from recently emerged clinical evidence for diagnostic and therapeutic workup strategies.
Myosteatosis predicts postoperative complications and long‐term survival in robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Ding Pingan , Wu Jiaxiang , Wu Haotian , Li Tongkun , Yang Jiaxuan , Yang Li , Guo Honghai , Tian Yuan , Yang Peigang , Meng Lingjiao , Zhao Qun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRobotic gastrectomy is increasingly utilized for gastric cancer, but high morbidity remains a concern. Myosteatosis or low skeletal muscle density reflecting fatty infiltration, associates with complications after other cancer surgeries but has not been evaluated for robotic gastrectomy.MethodsThis retrospective study analysed 381 patients undergoing robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer from September 2019 to October 2022. Myosteatosis was quantified on preoperative computed tomography (CT) images at lumbar 3 (L3). Propensity score matching addressed potential confounding between myosteatosis and non‐myosteatosis groups. Outcomes were postoperative complications, 30 days mortality, 30 days readmissions and survival.ResultsMyosteatosis was present in 33.6% of patients. Myosteatosis associated with increased overall (47.7% vs. 26.5%, p < 0.001) and severe complications (12.4% vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001). After matching, myosteatosis remained associated with increased overall complications, major complications, intensive care unit (ICU) transfer and readmission (all p < 0.05). Myosteatosis independently predicted overall [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57–5.20, p = 0.001] and severe complications (OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 1.51–15.27, p = 0.008). Myosteatosis also associated with reduced overall (85.0% vs. 93.2%, p = 0.015) and disease‐free survival (80.3% vs. 88.4%, p=0.029). On multivariate analysis, myosteatosis independently predicted poorer survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.32–6.08, p=0.012] and disease‐free survival (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.01–3.30, p=0.032).ConclusionPreoperative CT‐defined myosteatosis independently predicts increased postoperative complications and reduced long‐term survival after robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Assessing myosteatosis on staging CT could optimize preoperative risk stratification.
Colloids facilitate transport of cadmium and uranium in arable soils, which is undetected by suction cups in the field
Authors: Bergen Benoit , Lemmens Joris , Moens Claudia , Smolders Erik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractColloids can facilitate the transport of trace elements in soil, but earlier studies fell short either because of sampling artefacts or because no contrasting soils were used; both factors hamper a better understanding of where this occurs. Here, leaching in undisturbed and unsaturated soil columns was observed to identify colloidal transport of cadmium (Cd) and uranium (U) in soils with contrasting properties. Crucially, it was examined how such column data relate to more traditional in situ data obtained with porous suction cups. Soils were collected from three agricultural fields in Switzerland (soil pH 5.1–7.3), leached during 36 days (0.6 pore volumes, ~1.6 mm day−1), and elements trapped in the PTFE suction plates were recovered and were ascribed to colloids. Of the total mobile mass (sum percolate and plate), 18%–53% (Cd) or 8–89% (U) was retained by plates, the range depending on the field where soil was sampled and that fraction depends on soil pH and for U also on dissolved inorganic carbon. The total mobile Cd or U mass divided by the percolated volume indicates the metal concentration in the average leachate and was logically highest for Cd in the most acidic soil and for U in the most alkaline soil. The concentrations of Cd and U in these column leachates were >10‐fold higher than corresponding concentrations in the suction cups in the field for those soils and elements where colloids dominated leaching. In contrast, they were within a factor of two where colloids are <20% of the mobile mass. Flow Field‐Flow Fractionation (FlFFF) analyses showed an association of colloidal U with oxyhydroxides, clays and organic matter and, for colloidal Cd, an association with organic matter. These data show that suction cups or filtered percolates can underestimate the leaching of Cd and U by up to an order of magnitude.
Factors affecting the topography of nitrous oxide‐induced neurological complications
Authors: Cruz Eva Sole , Fortanier Etienne , Hilezian Frederic , Maarouf Adil , Boutière Clémence , Demortière Sarah , Rico Audrey , Delmont Emilien , Pelletier Jean , Attarian Shahram , Audoin Bertrand 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe factors underlying the topography of nitrous oxide (N2O)‐induced neurological complications are unknown.MethodsWe included all consecutive patients admitted to the university hospital of Marseille for N2O‐induced neurological complications in a prospective observational study. Patients underwent neurological examination, spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging, and nerve conduction studies within the first 4 weeks after admission.ResultsIn total, 61 patients were included: 45% with myeloneuropathy, 34% with isolated myelopathy, and 21% with isolated neuropathy. On multivariable analysis, the odds of myelopathy were associated with the amount of weekly N2O consumption (~600 g cylinder per week, odds ratio [OR] = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.001–1.24). The extent of the myelopathy (number of vertebral segments) was correlated with the number of ~600‐g cylinders consumed weekly (ρ = 0.40, p < 0.005). The odds of neuropathy were associated with the duration of consumption (per month; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05–1.58). Mean lower‐limb motor nerve amplitude was correlated with the duration of consumption (in months; ρ = −0.34, p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe odds of myelopathy increased with the amount of N2O consumption, and the odds of neuropathy increased with the duration of N2O exposure, which suggests distinct pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these two neurological complications.
Biological agent exerts therapeutic effects by reversing abnormalities in amino acid metabolic pathways in psoriasis
Authors: Miao Haijun , Bai Yaxing , Shen Shengxian , Chu Mengyang , Miao Chang , Yang Jundan , Li Xia , Li Liang , Shao Shuai , Wang Gang , Dang Erle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis involving immune system dysregulation and inflammation. Previous studies have indicated that metabolic abnormalities are closely related to the development and occurrence of psoriasis. However, the specific involvement of amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of amino acid metabolism pathway changes in psoriasis patients using transcriptome data, genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) data, and single‐cell data. Our findings revealed 11 significant alterations in amino acid metabolism pathways within psoriatic lesions, with notable restorative changes observed after biological therapy. Branched‐chain amino acids, tyrosine and arginine metabolism have a causal relationship with the occurrence of psoriasis and may play a crucial role by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of the keratinocytes or immune‐related pathways. Activation of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis suggests a favourable prognosis of psoriasis after treatment. Additionally, we identified the abnormal metabolic pathways in specific cell types and key gene sets that contribute to amino acid metabolic disorders in psoriasis. Overall, our study enhances understanding of the role of metabolism in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and provides potential targets for developing new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
The use of vision modelling to design bycatch reduction devices using light
Authors: Somerville Jasmine , Blount Jon , Stevens Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial light can be used to deter unwanted non‐target catch (bycatch) from fishing gear, which is thought to be achieved by repelling bycatch, or highlighting escape routes on nets. To select for responses in bycatch species, light should (1) cause the bycatch species to avoid capture, and (2) not invoke the same reaction in target species. One way to maximise the chance of a bycatch species responding to light is to ensure the light colour used is more visible to bycatch species. Some studies have considered the visual sensitivity of certain species to address this. In particular, the wavebands of light that a species is sensitive to. However, using this measurement alone is incomplete as it does not consider other factors that affect visibility, such as the ambient light spectrum, and wavelength‐dependant light attenuation in different water types and depths. To account for these variables, and to more accurately predict how both target and bycatch species view light colours in a fishing context, we used a model of the vision of commercially relevant species in fisheries across the world. From this, we show whether a light colour is more visible to a bycatch species compared to a target species in a particular depth and water type, and how modelling can be used to make informed assessments of the selection of relevant light colours in fishing. We also discuss the limitations of using vision models alone and the need for corresponding behaviour and/or fishing trials with lights.