bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ApoG2, a novel inhibitor of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins, induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts
Authors: Hu Zhe‐Yu , Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Zhong Zhen‐Dong , Sun Jian , Wang Jing , Yang Dajun , Zeng Yi‐Xin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in South China. It has been reported that overexpression of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins in NPC has caused the lack of long‐term efficacy of conventional therapies. Apogossypolone (ApoG2), a novel small‐molecule inhibitor of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins, has been discovered as the optimized derivative of gossypol. In this study, we found that in NPC cells, ApoG2 totally blocked the antiapoptotic function of Bcl‐2 family proteins without affecting the expression levels of these proteins. ApoG2 selectively inhibited proliferation of 3 NPC cell lines (C666‐1, CNE‐1 and CNE‐2) that highly expressed the antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 proteins. This inhibitory activity was associated with release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 and apoptosis of sensitive NPC cells. However, ApoG2 had no obvious inhibitory effect on NPC cell line HONE‐1, which expressed antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL at a low level. We further found that ApoG2 effectively suppressed tumor growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice and enhanced the antitumor effect of CDDP (cisplatin) on NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of CD31 decreased after ApoG2 treatment, which suggested inhibition of angiogenesis in NPC xenografts. Our findings strongly suggest that ApoG2 may serve as a novel inhibitor of Bcl‐2 family proteins and, by targeting these proteins, may become a promising drug for the treatment of NPC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rosiglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist: Potent promoter of hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine‐induced urinary bladder cancers
Authors: Lubet Ronald A. , Fischer Susan M. , Steele Vernon E. , Juliana M. Margaret , Desmond Renee' , Grubbs Clinton J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn an initial study to determine if rosiglitazone had chemopreventive activity, Fischer‐344 female rats were administered twice weekly doses of hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine (OH‐BBN), a urinary bladder specific carcinogen, for 8 weeks. Two weeks following the last dose of OH‐BBN, rats were administered rosiglitazone (50 mg/kg BW) daily by gavage for the remainder of the study (7 months). Only 57% of OH‐BBN‐treated animals developed palpable urinary bladder cancers during the course of the study, while all of the OH‐BBN plus rosiglitazone treated rats developed large cancers (p < 0.01). Surprisingly, examination for PPAR gamma by immunohistochemistry in the urinary bladders of rats showed that while untreated bladder urothelium and preneoplastic lesions clearly expressed PPAR gamma, frank carcinomas exhibited significantly lower levels. This was confirmed by employing microarray studies of the same samples. In additional studies, lower doses of rosiglitazone (10, 2 and 0.4 mg/kg BW/day) were administered. The 10 mg/kg BW/day dose greatly enhanced bladder cancer incidence (p < 0.01). The dose of 2 mg/kg BW/day, which is roughly equivalent to a standard human dose, also significantly increased bladder cancer incidence (controls, 48%; rosiglitazone‐treated, 84%). The lowest dose did not significantly increase tumor incidence (rosiglitazone at 0.4 mg/kg BW/day, 64%) or tumor weight in the rats, although there was a trend in that direction. Rosiglitazone alone (10 mg/kg BW/day) given in the absence of OH‐BBN did not result in bladder cancer formation when given for 10 months. In summary, rosiglitazone over a wide dose range enhanced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the OH‐BBN model in rats. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro cytotoxicity of maxillofacial silicone elastomers: Effect of accelerated aging
Authors: Bal Bilge Turhan , Yılmaz Handan , Aydın Cemal , Karakoca Seçil , Yılmaz Şükran 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three maxillofacial silicone elastomers at 24, 48, and 72 h on L‐929 cells and to determine the effect of accelerated aging on the cytotoxicity of these silicone elastomers. Disc‐shaped test samples of maxillofacial silicone elastomers (Cosmesil, Episil, Multisil) were fabricated according to manufacturers' instructions under aseptic conditions. Samples were then divided into three groups: (1) not aged; (2) aged for 150 h with an accelerated weathering tester; and (3) aged for 300 h. Then the samples were placed in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Ham's F12 (DMEM/F12) for 24, 48, and 72 h. After the incubation periods, cytotoxicity of the extracts to cultured fibroblasts (L‐929) was measured by MTT assay. The degree of cytotoxicity of each sample was determined according to the reference value represented by the cells with a control (culture without sample). Statistical significance was determined by repeated measurement ANOVA (p < 0.01) followed by Duncan's test (p < 0.05). All test materials in each group demonstrated high survival rates in MTT assay (Episil; 93.84%, Multisil; 88.30%, Cosmesil; 87.50%, respectively); however, in all groups, Episil material demonstrated significantly higher cell survival rate after each of the experimental incubation periods (p < 0.05). Accelerated aging for 150 and 300 h had no significant effect on the biocompatibility of maxillofacial silicone elastomers tested (p > 0.05). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Rituximab as an adjunct to plasma exchange in TTP: A report of 12 cases and review of literature
Authors: Jasti Sushama , Coyle Thomas , Gentile Teresa , Rosales Lawrence , Poiesz Bernard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIdiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is caused by the production of autoantibodies against the Von Willebrand factor cleaving enzyme. This provides a rationale for the use of rituximab in this disease. We report a retrospective review of 12 patients treated with rituximab for TTP refractory to plasma exchange. Eleven patients were treated during initial presentation, and one patient was treated for recurrent relapse. Ten patients responded to treatment. Median time to response after first dose of rituximab was 10 days (5–32). Of the 11 patients treated during initial presentation, nine remain free of relapse after a median follow‐up of 57+ months (1+–79+). Two patients died during initial treatment. One patient was lost to follow‐up 1 month after achieving complete response. The patient treated for recurrent disease during second relapse remained disease free for 2years, relapsed and was treated again with rituximab, and was in remission for 22 months. She relapsed again, was retreated, and has now been in remission for 21+ months. We conclude that rituximab is an useful addition to plasma exchange treatment in TTP, but its exact role and dosing need to be verified in prospective studies. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combination of Cobe AutoPBSC and Gambro Elutra as a platform for monocyte enrichment in dendritic cell (DC) therapy: Clinical study
Authors: Chen Ying , Hoecker Paul , Zeng Jia , Dettke Markus 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMonocytes are a common source for generating dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of a platform for monocyte collection and enrichment in a clinical setting. The platform was based on the combination of two semiautomated devices; the Cobe Spectra Auto PBSC for mononuclear cells (MNC) collection followed by counterflow elutriation for monocyte enrichment (Gambro BCT Elutra). Twenty‐four patients with various types of epithelial cancer participated in the study. MNC collections were first performed as large volume leukapheresis (LVL). Subsequently, MNC products were processed with an elutriation system for monocyte isolation. LVL resulted in the collection of MNC at a median of 8.1 × 109 cells, containing of 31.4% monocytes. A similar efficacy was also shown in patients with lower peripheral blood counts. Elutriation of the MNC product with the Cobe Elutra device resulted in the enrichment of monocytes at a median of 2.7 × 109 cells, with a recovery of 80.2% and a purity of 90.7%. These monocytes were then successfully developed into DCs for clinical therapy after in vitro manipulation. These data suggest that the combination of the Cobe Spectra Auto PBSC and the Gambro BCT Elutra is an effective platform for monocyte enrichment in clinical practice according to GCP standards and GMP guidelines, and can be easily implemented in the clinical routine under current DC protocols. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fermentation of cheese whey powder solution to ethanol in a packed‐column bioreactor: effects of feed sugar concentration
Authors: Ozmihci Serpil , Kargi Fikret 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Cheese whey powder (CWP) is a concentrated source of lactose and other essential nutrients for ethanol fermentation. CWP solution containing different concentrations of total sugar was fermented to ethanol in an up‐flow packed‐column bioreactor (PCBR) at a constant hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 50 h. Total sugar concentration in the feed was varied between 50 and 200 g L−1 and a pure culture of Kluyveromyces marxianus was used for ethanol fermentation of lactose. Variations of ethanol and sugar concentrations with the height of the column and with the feed sugar concentration were determined.RESULTS: Ethanol concentration increased and total sugar decreased with the column height for all feed sugar contents. The highest effluent ethanol concentration (22.5 g L−1) and ethanol formation rate were obtained with feed sugar content of 100 g L−1. Percentage sugar utilization decreased with increasing feed sugar content above 100 g L−1 yielding lower ethanol contents in the effluent. The highest ethanol yield coefficient (0.52 gE g−1S) was obtained with a feed sugar content of 50 g L−1. Biomass concentration also decreased with column height, yielding low ethanol formation in the upper section of the column.CONCLUSION: The packed column bioreactor was found to be effective for ethanol fermentation from CWP solution. The optimum feed sugar content maximizing the effluent ethanol and the specific rate of ethanol formation was found to be 100 g L−1. High sugar content above 100 g L−1 resulted in low ethanol productivities due to high maintenance requirements. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioconversion of linoleic acid to conjugated linoleic acid by Lactobacillus reuteri under different growth conditions
Authors: Hernandez‐Mendoza Adrian , Lopez‐Hernandez Arnoldo , Hill Charles G , Garcia Hugo S 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lactobacillus reuteri was grown in De Man/Rogosa/Sharpe (MRS) broth (initial pH 6.5) supplemented with free linoleic acid (LA) at different concentrations (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL−1) and incubated aerobically at different temperatures (4, 10, 16, 22 and 30 °C) in order to test its ability to accomplish the bioconversion of LA to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Temperatures and LA concentrations producing the highest conversion of LA to CLA in the initial trials were tested further using micro‐anaerobic conditions and a lower initial pH (5.5).RESULTS: Data showed that production of CLA exhibited variations with regard to the fermentation conditions used. The highest production of CLA (0.108 mg mL−1) was measured in a broth containing 20 mg mL−1 free LA that was incubated aerobically at 10 °C for 30 h. When the initial pH of the reaction medium was reduced from 6.5 to 5.5, CLA production decreased. Micro‐aerobic conditions reduced the ability of Lb. reuteri to produce CLA, since production of CLA under aerobic conditions was at least 1.4 times greater.CONCLUSION: Production of CLA by Lb. reuteri at low temperatures and relatively high substrate concentrations provides novel opportunities for the development of functional foods with the benefits of enrichment in CLA and probiotic bacteria. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Plant‐mediated synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles and their applications
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Yadav Sudesh Kumar 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNanobiotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanostructures using living organisms. Among the use of living organisms for nanoparticle synthesis, plants have found application particularly in metal nanoparticle synthesis. Use of plants for synthesis of nanoparticles could be advantageous over other environmentally benign biological processes as this eliminates the elaborate process of maintaining cell cultures. Biosynthetic processes for nanoparticles would be more useful if nanoparticles were produced extracellularly using plants or their extracts and in a controlled manner according to their size, dispersity and shape. Plant use can also be suitably scaled up for large‐scale synthesis of nanoparticles. In view of this, we have reviewed here the use of plants or their extracts in the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles for various human applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Ability of sorption–desorption experiments to predict potassium leaching from calcareous soils
Authors: Jalali Mohsen , Kolahchi Zahra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWhen potassium (K+) fertilizers are applied to the soil, K+ is subject to displacement through the soil profile. Leaching can play an important role in agricultural K+ losses that can decrease groundwater quality. To avoid overfertilization, estimation of K+ leaching from soil is important. The ability of the soils to retain K+ against leaching varies according to the adsorption coefficient of the soils. The aim of this study was to relate the K+ leaching from a wide range of calcareous soils to the values obtained from a sorption–desorption experiment. The soil columns were leached with 10 mM CaCl2 solution and the leachate was analyzed for K+. The breakthrough curves for K+ were different, and the amounts of K+ leached varied considerably between different soils. In these calcareous soils where crops are irrigated with water containing significant concentrations of Ca2+ and other cations, large amounts of K+ will be leached. Cumulative K+ leached after five pore volumes leaching with 10 mM CaCl2 was significantly (r = 0.776, p < 0.01) related to the equilibrium K+ concentration. The results of this study enabled us in many cases to estimate the K+ leaching from soil without conducting column experiments, minimizing the laborotary work.
Phosphorus dynamics in peat‐based substrates
Authors: Khandan‐Mirkohi Azizollah , Schenk Manfred K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe mobility of nutrients in soils is well characterized, whereas little information is available for common horticultural substrates based on peat. Aim of the current study was to investigate the mobility and dynamics of phosphorus (P) as well as the parameters involved in P transport to plant roots in peat‐based substrates. A series of experiments was run to determine the impedance factor (f) and the buffer power (b). The impedance factor was determined for black peat and black peat mixed with 20% and 40% (v/v) of mineral component at volumetric water content (θ) of 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% and at different diffusion time. Buffer power was calculated for black peat and black peat mixed with 20% (v/v) of seven different mineral components. Phosphorus was applied at rates of 0, 35, and 100 mg (L substrate–1), respectively. The impedance factor was not affected by addition of the mineral component to peat. However, f increased from 0.03 to 0.2, by increasing θ from 40% to 60%, indicating that water content has a significant effect on this parameter. Substrate‐solution P ranged from 0.3 to 27 and from 1 to 95 mg P (L solution)–1 for the P‐application rate of 35 and 100 mg P (L substrate)–1, respectively. Buffer power of the substrates ranged from 1 to 17.25 depending on the mineral component, and it was positively correlated with oxalate‐soluble Fe and Al in the substrate. The calculated effective diffusion coefficient for P in the substrate was in the range of 10–7 to 10–8 cm2 s–1. This high value could be attributed mostly to the low buffer power rather than to the high impedance factor.
Molecular imaging and darkfield microspectroscopy of live cells using gold plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Wax A. , Sokolov K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticles exhibit a plasmonic resonance that provides them with unique optical properties. The sensitivity of the plasmonic resonance to the surrounding dielectric environment has lead to the development of metal nanoparticles as the basis of biosensing schemes. The sharp enhancement in scattering and absorption at the plasmonic resonance frequency has been exploited to develop metal nanoparticles as imaging contrast agents. In this review article, we recap recent efforts that combine both of these features of metal nanoparticles to enable simultaneous molecular imaging and environmental sensing through the use of darkfield microspectroscopy schemes. Recent experimental results demonstrate molecular imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor in live cancer cells and show that additional information can be obtained by monitoring changes in the plasmonic resonance through darkfield microspectroscopy.
Stochastic immersed boundary method incorporating thermal fluctuations
Authors: Atzberger Paul J. , Kramer Peter R. , Peskin Charles S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe give a brief introduction to the stochastic immersed boundary method which allows for simulation of small length‐scale physical systems in which elastic structures interact with a fluid flow in the presence of thermal fluctuations. The conventional immersed boundary method is extended to account for thermal fluctuations by introducing stochastic forcing terms in the fluid equations. This gives a system of stiff SPDE's for which standard numerical approaches perform poorly. We discuss a numerical method derived using stochastic calculus to overcome the stiff features of the equations. We then discuss results which indicate that the method captures physical features predicted by statistical mechanics for small length‐scale systems. The stochastic immersed boundary method holds promise as a numerical approach in simulating microscopic mechanical systems in which thermal fluctuations play a fundamental role. A more detailed discussion of this work is given in [1, 2, 3]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectral computations: from operators to matrices
Authors: d'Almeida F. D. , Vasconcelos P. B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this work we will address the problem of finding spectral values and bases for the corresponding spectral subspaces for a bounded operator on a Banach space. We will make a bridge between the spectral problem for the continuous operator and the computation of the eigenpairs of a matrix. This approximate problem results first from an approximation by a sequence of continuous operators with finite rank, followed by the reduction to a spectral problem for an operator whose domain as well as range are finite dimensional. Some discussion on defect correction procedures will be also presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computing minimal optimization horizons for stabilizing unconstrained MPC schemes
Authors: Grüne Lars 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present a method for the computation of minimal stabilizing optimization horizons in MPC schemes without stabilizing terminal constraints. The method applies to general nonlinear control systems satisfying a controllability assumption. Key idea is the formulation of a small linear program whose solution determines the minimal horizon. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A best‐fit kinetic model for the walk of myosin V
Authors: Hoyle Rebecca B. , Skau Karl I. , Turner Matthew S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe model the stepping cycle of myosin V, a processive molecular motor, and develop a novel scheme to compare our results with experimental data.[1] (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards explicit evaluation of pharmacokinetic outcomes of patient drug intake behaviour
Authors: Li Jun , Nekka Fahima 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPoor compliance is now well recognized to seriously compromise drug efficacy. Using a probabilistic approach, we established an analytical compliance‐pharmacokinetic formalism for common drug administration routes. This work allows to further characterize different levels of drug concentration variations directly inherited from patient compliance. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transverse isotropic flow in biphasic materials
Authors: Ricken Tim 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBiological and artificial tissues like muscles, brain material, saturated paper or other functionally graded porous materials often show a transverse isotropic permeability caused by their inner structure. The transverse isotropic permeability influences the motion of the saturating fluid and with this the overall deformation state of the mixture body. Starting with the multi‐phase Theory of Porous Media, a model is presented to describe this deformation affected by the anisotropic inner permeability. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized discrepancies on the sphere
Authors: Seri Raffaello , Choirat Christine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGeneralized discrepancies are a class of discrepancies introduced in the seminal paper [1] to measure uniformity of points over the unit sphere in ℝ3. However, convergence to 0 of this quantity has been shown only in the case of spherical t –designs. In the following, we completely characterize sequences for which convergence to 0 of D (𝒫N ;A) holds. The interest of this result is that, when evaluating uniformity on the sphere, generalized discrepancies are much simpler to compute than the well‐known spherical cap discrepancy. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NFFT‐based extension of a particle simulation method using multigrid
Authors: Bolten Matthias , Sutmann Godehard 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn the calculation of electrostatic problems using multigrid methods, computationally the most expensive part is often the charge assignment to a grid. We show how to improve an existing multigrid method by using an NFFT‐based scheme for this task. Numerical tests show that the new method outperforms the direct charge assignment schemes for the case where smooth charge distributions with large support are considered. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental investigations on the mechanical behavior of filled rubber
Authors: Dämgen Michael , Nackenhorst Udo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA lot of experimental results on the elastic as well as on the inelastic behavior of elastomer materials are known. However, so far now systematic examination on defined rubber mixtures has been reported. In this presentation the phenomenology of elastomer materials is characterized on the basis of extension and compression tests performed with dumbbell– and S2–specimen. Stiffness, upturn (stiffness at final deformation), hysteresis and remaining deformation have been analyzed for well defined rubber systems and environmental conditions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)