bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spatial effects of the household's food insecurity levels in Ethiopia: by ordinal geo-additive model
Authors: Wubetie Habtamu T. , Zewotir Temesgen , Mitku Aweke A. , Dessie Zelalem G. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundFood insecurity and vulnerability in Ethiopia are historical problems due to natural- and human-made disasters, which affect a wide range of areas at a higher magnitude with adverse effects on the overall health of households. In Ethiopia, the problem is wider with higher magnitude. Moreover, this geographical distribution of this challenge remains unexplored regarding the effects of cultures and shocks, despite previous case studies suggesting the effects of shocks and other factors. Hence, this study aims to assess the geographic distribution of corrected-food insecurity levels (FCSL) across zones and explore the comprehensive effects of diverse factors on each level of a household's food insecurity.MethodThis study analyzes three-term household-based panel data for years 2012, 2014, and 2016 with a total sample size of 11505 covering the all regional states of the country. An extended additive model, with empirical Bayes estimation by modeling both structured spatial effects using Markov random field or tensor product and unstructured effects using Gaussian, was adopted to assess the spatial distribution of FCSL across zones and to further explore the comprehensive effect of geographic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on the locally adjusted measure.ResultDespite a chronological decline, a substantial portion of Ethiopian households remains food insecure (25%) and vulnerable (27.08%). The Markov random field (MRF) model is the best fit based on GVC, revealing that 90.04% of the total variation is explained by the spatial effects. Most of the northern and south-western areas and south-east and north-west areas are hot spot zones of food insecurity and vulnerability in the country. Moreover, factors such as education, urbanization, having a job, fertilizer usage in cropping, sanitation, and farming livestock and crops have a significant influence on reducing a household's probability of being at higher food insecurity levels (insecurity and vulnerability), whereas shocks occurrence and small land size ownership have worsened it.ConclusionChronically food insecure zones showed a strong cluster in the northern and south-western areas of the country, even though higher levels of household food insecurity in Ethiopia have shown a declining trend over the years. Therefore, in these areas, interventions addressing spatial structure factors, particularly urbanization, education, early marriage control, and job creation, along with controlling conflict and drought effect by food aid and selected coping strategies, and performing integrated farming by conserving land and the environment of zones can help to reduce a household's probability of being at higher food insecurity levels.
A catheterizable serous-lined urinary outlet associated with the ileal bladder augmentation Abol-Enein and Ghoneim procedure: a safe and reliable procedure in children
Authors: Alliot Hortense , Tapsoba Toussaint , Paye-Jaouen Annabel , Ashkanani Yaqoub , Josset-Raffet Eliane , Natio Lise , Peycelon Matthieu , El-Ghoneimi Alaa 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the long-term outcome of the serous-lined extramural continent catheterizable outlet procedure (SLECCOP) associated with ileal bladder augmentation in children.MethodsThis was a monocentric and retrospective study (2002–2021) that included children (&lt;18 years) undergoing the SLECCOP associated with W-shaped ileocystoplasty with a catheterizable channel (Abol-Enein and Ghoneim procedure). Patients who received other types of bladder augmentation or W-shaped ileocystoplasty without a catheterizable channel were excluded. Patient records were reviewed for demographic information, surgical data, and long-term outcomes.ResultsThis study included 52 children [33 boys, median age: 8.5 (0.8–18) years]. Pathological conditions included 28 children with the bladder exstrophy and epispadias complex (BEEC), 11 with neurogenic bladders, and 13 with other pathologies. Two patients underwent total bladder substitution. Thirty-four (65%) patients had bladder neck reconstruction (BNR), with 23 undergoing the SLECCOP and ileocystoplasty and 11 having prior BNR. All stomas, except for two, were umbilical, and were associated with omphaloplasty in 28 patients with the BEEC. A total of 40 stomas were created using the appendix (77%) and 12 with a Monti tube (23%). Stoma-related complications included cutaneous strictures (n = 2, 4%) and leaks (n = 10, 19%), all treated by dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection (n = 10). A redo surgery was required in three patients: extraserosal wrapping was performed for persistent leakage (n = 2, 4%), and surgical revision was required for the Monti tube procedure (n = 1, 2%). Three patients (6%) underwent dilatation for transient stoma stenosis. Leakage occurred in 20% of appendix channels (n = 8/40) and 17% of Monti tubes (n = 2/12). Strictures were reported in 3% of appendix channels (n = 1/40) and 8% of Monti tubes (n = 1/12). Bladder stones developed in four patients (8%). Channel leakage persisted in one patient (2%) at a median follow-up of 4.4 years (IQR 1.4–9.7).ConclusionW-Ileal bladder augmentation with the SLECCOP is an efficient technique for treating children with incontinence caused by different etiologies. The rate of channel complication is very low, specifically for strictures, in this complex population of patients.
Effect of age and ICU types on mortality in invasive mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis receiving dexmedetomidine: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Zhou Ruihui , Zhong Qi , Zhang Mi 
Published: February 2024

Background: Dexmedetomidine is recommended for sedation in patients on mechanical ventilation. Whether age or ICU types could alter mortality in invasive mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis receiving dexmedetomidine is unknown.Methods: We included patients with sepsis receiving invasive mechanical ventilation from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The exposure was intravenous dexmedetomidine administration during ICU stay. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. The secondary outcomes were the length of ICU stay and liberation from invasive mechanical ventilation. Propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to adjust for confounders and investigate any association. Restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate potential nonlinear associations.Results: The pre-matched and propensity score-matched cohorts included 5,871 and 2016 patients, respectively. In the PSM cohorts, dexmedetomidine exposure was related to lower 28-day mortality (186 [17.7%] vs. 319 [30.3%]; p &lt; 0.001). Patients receiving dexmedetomidine, regardless of whether they were younger (≤65 years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.42; p &lt; 0.001) or elderly (&gt;65 years; HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52–0.83; p &lt; 0.001), was associated with lower 28-day mortality (61 [10.3%] vs. 168 [28.2%] for younger; 125 [27.2%] vs. 152 [33.0%] for elderly). Patients receiving dexmedetomidine was also associated with lower 28-day mortality (53 [12.6%] vs. 113 [26.5%] for surgical intensive care unit [SICU]; 133 [21.0%] vs. 206 [32.9%] for non-SICU) regardless of whether the first admission to the SICU (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.25–0.50; p &lt; 0.001) or non-SICU (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40–0.62; p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, both dose and duration of dexmedetomidine administration were related to lower 28-day mortality than no dexmedetomidine in younger patients (p &lt; 0.001), but it not statistically significant in elderly patients.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was associated with lower 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, regardless of whether patients were younger or elderly, the first admission to the SICU or non-SICU.
Modification of 4-(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine derivatives for the treatment of analgesia and inflammation: synthesis and in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies
Authors: Mahnashi Mater H. , Rashid Umer , Almasoudi Hassan Hussain , Nahari Mohammed H. , Ahmad Imran , Binshaya Abdulkarim S. , Abdulaziz Osama , Alsuwat Meshari A. , Jan Muhammad Saeed , Sadiq Abdul 
Published: February 2024

Inflammation is a protective response to a variety of infectious agents. To develop a new anti-inflammatory drug, we explored a pharmacologically important thiazole scaffold in this study. In a multi-step synthetic approach, we synthesized seven new thiazole derivatives (5a–5g). Initially, we examined the in vitro anti-inflammatory potentials of our compounds using COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzyme assays. After in vitro confirmation, the potential compounds were subjected to in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies. The hot plate method was used for analgesia, and carrageenan-induced inflammation was also assayed. Overall, all our compounds proved to be potent inhibitors of COX-2 compared to celecoxib (IC50 0.05 μM), exhibiting IC50 values in the range of 0.76–9.01 μM .Compounds 5b, 5d, and 5e were dominant and selective COX-2 inhibitors with the lowest IC50 values and selectivity index (SI) values of 42, 112, and 124, respectively. Similarly, in the COX-1 assay, our compounds were relatively less potent but still encouraging. Standard aspirin exhibited an IC50 value of 15.32 μM. In the 5-LOX results, once again, compounds 5d and 5e were dominant with IC50 values of 23.08 and 38.46 μM, respectively. Standard zileuton exhibited an IC50 value of 11.00 μM. Based on the COX/LOX and SI potencies, the compounds 5d and 5e were subjected to in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory studies. Compounds 5d and 5e at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight were significant in animal models. Furthermore, we explored the potential role of compounds 5d and 5e in various phlogistic agents. Similarly, both compounds 5d and 5e were also significantly potent in the anti-nociceptive assay. The molecular docking interactions of these two compounds with the target proteins of COX and LOX further strengthened their potential for use in COX/LOX pathway inhibitions.
Patient perspectives on current and potential therapies and clinical trial approaches for cocaine use disorder
Authors: Maahs Suzanne , Leclair Denise , Gomez-Mancilla Baltazar , Kiluk Brian D. , Muthusamy Velusamy Shanmuganathan , Banerjee Partha S. , Dasgupta Shyamashree , Waye Katherine M. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCocaine use disorder (CUD) is characterized by the continued use of cocaine despite serious impacts on life. This study focused on understanding the perspective of individuals with current CUD, individuals in CUD remission, and their supporters regarding current therapies, future therapies, and views on clinical trials for CUD.MethodsThe online bulletin board (OBB) is a qualitative tool where participants engage in an interactive discussion on a virtual forum. Following completion of a screening questionnaire to determine eligibility, individuals in CUD remission and their supporters logged in to the OBB and responded to questions posed by the moderator. Individuals with current CUD participated in a one-time virtual focus group.ResultsAll individuals with current CUD and 94% of those in CUD remission reported a diagnosis consistent with CUD or substance use disorder during screening. Individuals with current CUD and their supporters were recruited from the United States (US). Individuals in CUD remission were recruited from five countries, including the US. Individuals with current CUD reported hesitation about seeking treatment due to stigma, a lack of privacy, and being labeled as a drug seeker; barriers to therapy included time, cost, and a lack of privacy. Participants wanted a safe therapy to stop cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Seven clinical trial outcomes, including long-term abstinence and craving control, were suggested based on collected insights.ConclusionThis study can help inform the design of clinical trials and emphasize the need for effective, safe, and accessible therapies. Recruiting participants will require significant trust building.
Persistently short or long sleep duration increases the risk of sensory impairment in Chinese older adults
Authors: Yang Ling , Du Jing , Duan Ying , Cui Yan , Qi Qi , Liu Zihao , Liu Huaqing 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundCross-sectional evidence suggests that persistently short or long sleep duration is associated with sensory impairment. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the associations between sleep duration and altered sleep duration with sensory impairment in Chinese older adults.MethodsLongitudinal data (2008–2014) obtained through the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were analyzed. Sleep duration was classified as normal (7–8 h), short (&lt;7 h), or long (≥9 h). Sensory impairment was assessed using individuals’ self-reported data on visual and hearing functions. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the effects of sleep duration and altered sleep duration on sensory impairment, including visual impairment (VI) and hearing impairment (HI).ResultsThis study included 3,578 older adults (mean age: 78.12 ± 9.59 years). Among them, 2,690 (75.2%) were aged 65–84 years and 1798 (50.3%) were women. The risks of VI (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.29), HI (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.00–1.30), and dual sensory impairment (both VI and HI; HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.03–1.55) were high in older adults with long sleep duration. In addition, the risks of VI, HI, and dual sensory impairment were high in individuals whose sleep duration changed from normal to short or long (HR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.02–1.42], 1.26 [95% CI: 1.03–1.53], and 1.54 [95% CI: 1.11–2.12], respectively) and those with persistently short or long sleep duration (HR: 1.25 [95% CI: 1.07–1.46], 1.34 [95% CI: 1.11–1.61], and 1.67 [95% CI: 1.22–2.27], respectively).ConclusionA prospective association was identified between altered sleep duration and sensory impairment in Chinese older adults. Our findings highlight the importance of optimal sleep duration and healthy sleep habits in preventing sensory impairment in older adults.
Refining the genomic profiles of North African sheep breeds through meta-analysis of worldwide genomic SNP data
Authors: Baazaoui Imen , Bedhiaf-Romdhani Sonia , Mastrangelo Salvatore , Lenstra Johannes A , Da Silva Anne , Benjelloun Badr , Ciani Elena 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe development of reproducible tools for the rapid genotyping of thousands of genetic markers (SNPs) has promoted cross border collaboration in the study of sheep genetic diversity on a global scale.MethodsIn this study, we collected a comprehensive dataset of 239 African and Eurasian sheep breeds genotyped at 37,638 filtered SNP markers, with the aim of understanding the genetic structure of 22 North African (NA) sheep breeds within a global context.Results and discussionWe revealed asubstantial enrichment of the gene pool between the north and south shores of the Mediterranean Sea, which corroborates the importance of the maritime route in the history of livestock. The genetic structure of North African breeds mirrors the differential composition of genetic backgrounds following the breed history. Indeed, Maghrebin sheep stocks constitute a geographically and historically coherent unit with any breed-level genetic distinctness among them due to considerable gene flow. We detected a broad east–west pattern describing the most important trend in NA fat-tailed populations, exhibited by the genetic closeness of Egyptian and Libyan fat-tailed sheep to Middle Eastern breeds rather than Maghrebin ones. A Bayesian FST scan analysis revealed a set of genes with potentially key adaptive roles in lipid metabolism (BMP2, PDGFD VEGFA, TBX15, and WARS2), coat pigmentation (SOX10, PICK1, PDGFRA, MC1R, and MTIF) and horn morphology RXFP2) in Tunisian sheep. The local ancestry method detected a Merino signature in Tunisian Noire de Thibar sheep near the SULF1gene introgressed by Merino’s European breeds. This study will contribute to the general picture of worldwide sheep genetic diversity.
Application of Three-Dimensional CFD Model to Determination of the Capacity of Existing Tyrolean Intake
Authors: Bor Aslı , Szabo-Meszaros Marcell , Vereide Kaspar , Lia Leif 
Published: February 2024

CFD models of intakes in high-head hydropower systems are rare due to the lack of geometric data and cost of modeling. This study tests two different types of software to see how modeling can be performed in a cost-effective way with scarce input data and still have sufficient accuracy. The volume of fluid (VoF) model simulations are conducted using both ANSYS Fluent and OpenFOAM. The geometry is modelled from Google Earth satellite images, drone scanning data, and design drawings from the construction period and supported by field observations for extra quality control. From the model, both capacity parameters and flow pattern are calculated. For capacity, the Cd factor is calculated and compared with the literature. The simulations are conducted for a Tyrolean weir with rectangular bars (flat steel) in the rack. Simulated flow patterns through the rack with ANSYS Fluent and OpenFOAM are compared. OpenFOAM simulations yielded 15% to 20% higher water levels compared to the VOF model applied in Ansys Fluent. Also, when the flow rate was high, the water capture capacity calculated with ANSYS Fluent was 10% higher than that obtained with OpenFOAM. However, considering the total simulation times, modeling with OpenFOAM offered approximately 11% faster results.
Junior High School Students’ Geometry Ability Based on Van Hiele Level’s Thinking
Authors: Putri Prismadian Amalia , Subanji  , Santi Irawati  
Published: February 2024

The ability to solve problems and logical thinking of students can be grown by studying Geometry. However, the reality in the field and some research in Indonesia shows that the geometric thinking ability of junior high school students is still relatively low. This study aims to examine the geometric thinking ability of junior high school students according to Van Hiele Theory. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach, which was conducted in one of the junior high schools in Pringsewu Regency involving 28 students of class VIII. One student was selected to represent levels 1, 2, 3, and 4 Van Hiele as the research subject. Data collection was carried out using multiple choice tests and interviews. Data analysis techniques were conducted with data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing stages. The data originality technique was carried out by triangulation, in which the researcher compared the test data with the results of student interviews. The results showed that level 1 students (28.57%) could recognize and name geometric shapes visually; level 2 students (14.28%) could study geometric shapes by observing and mentioning the properties of the shapes; level 3 students (7.14%) could make connections between various geometric shapes and detect general properties of certain geometry; level 4 students (3.57%) could distinguish and make simple conclusions about the shapes and properties of shapes.
Kata kunci: berpikir geometri, level van hiele, siswa SMP.
State of resources and fishery of commercial Seaweeds and Seagrasses in the Seas of Russia in 2000–2020
Authors: Evseeva Nataliya V. , Matyushkin Vitaliy  B. , Berezina Marina O. , Melnik Roman  A. , Levitsky Aleksandr L. , Vlasov Denis  O. , Saenko Elena M. , Zhiltsova Lidiya V. , Belyj Michail N. , Dulenin Aleksandr  A. , Prokhorova Natalya Y. , Sologub Denis  O. , Botnev Dmitryi  A. 
Published: February 2024

The aim: Stock assessment of commercial algae and seagrasses in the sea waters of Russian Federation and their fishery in 2000–2020.Method: The present article is based on original and statistical data obtained in 2000–2020 in accordance with standard methods of fisheries research.Novelty: The analysis has revealed the present status of commercial algae and seagrasses resources in the seawaters of Russian Federation as well as the reasons for low exploitation rates of these resources.Result: Algae and seagrasses resources in the seawaters of Russian Federation have hardly changed during last 20 years and remain stable. Algae harvesting is relatively well developed only in White Sea and Japan Sea. Total biomass of commercial algae and seagrasses resources in the sea waters of Russian Federation estimates at 1.6 million tons, and annual recommended catch — at 250 thousand tons.Practical significance: The results of present analysis have reveal modern trends of algae fishery development and allow to elaborate science-based approaches for conservation and sustainable management of these resources.
State and exploitation of commercial fish stocks in the Russian part of the Baltic Sea, Curonian, Kaliningrad and Finnish Gulfs
Authors: Bandurin Konstantin V. , Amosova Victoria М. , Golubkova Tatyana A. , Arkhipov Alexander G. 
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article: to assess the condition and level of exploitation of commercial fish species in the Russian parts of the Baltic Sea (including the Gulf of Finland), the Curonian and Kaliningrad (Vistula) Lagoons.Methods used: the stocks of commercial fish species in the Baltic Sea and its bays are transboundary. For several decades, as part of the international regulation of fisheries in the Baltic Sea, scientific cooperation has been carried out between the countries of the European Union and the Russian Federation at the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). During the period from 1992 to the present, AtlantNIRO has organized and carried out a significant amount of comprehensive research work in the Baltic Sea. In total, more than 70 hydroacoustic, bottom and environmental surveys were completed. Long-term (more than 60 years) studies of aquatic biological resources of commercial fish species are also carried out in the Curonian and Kaliningrad (Vistula) Lagoons. For many years, scientific cooperation has been carried out on the study of the bays with the Lithuanian and Polish republics, respectively.Novelty: in the modern period, analysis of research on the state and exploitation of stocks of commercial fish species in the Russian part of the Baltic is carried out for the first time.Result: the volume of production of aquatic biological resources (ABR) in the Baltic Sea has currently reached an “extreme high point”, and a slight decrease should be expected in the near future. In the Curonian and Kaliningrad (Vistula) Lagoons, the condition of the stocks of the main commercial fish is satisfactory, which allows for stable production of aquatic fish.Practical significance: in modern conditions, information on the state of fish stocks in the region will allow solving problems of managing these resources, including planning for the near future the possible volumes of their production by fishing organizations.