bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructure of the Integument of the Domestic Pig (Sus scroh) from One through Fourteen Weeks of Age
Authors: Monteiro‐Riviere N. A. , Stromberg M. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe biopsies of normal lumbar and dorsal thoracic pig epidermis and dermis are described ultrastructurally at one, three, five, seven, nine and fourteen weeks and compared to the human integument. In the epidermis, basal cell projections extended into the dermis and increased slightly with age. Intraepidermal axons were seen. The basal lamina thickened opposite the hemidesmosomes of the epidermal‐dermal junction. Small anchoring fibrils extended from the basal lamina into the dermis. Mitochondria were concentrated beneath the cellular nuclei of the stratum basale. Upper stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum cells contained membrane coating granules. The stratum corneum contained cells of varying density. The only intraepidermal nonkeratinocytes observed were melanocytes and Langerhans‐like cells. Both were similar to those of humans. In the dermis, the interfollicular muscle resembled the arrector pili and smooth muscle found in other body areas. Nerve fibers were similar to those described in humans except subepidermal nerve endings contained mitochondria. One unexpected finding was the presence of mast cells which were enveloped by a zone of loose floccular material which stained positive with PAS from seven through fourteen weeks of age. Mast cell population density peaked at seven weeks and was greater in the papillary dermis than in the reticular dermis. Generally, the pig integument is morphologically similar to that of man and would serve as a useful animal model when age changes are accounted for.
Radiological Observations of the Thorax and Abdomen of the Piglet
Authors: Wood A. K. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA contrast radiographic study of the urinary and gastrointestinal system was carried out in 43 animals, with the aid of barium sulfate, orally for esophageal, stomach, small intestine and large intestine studies; barium sulfate as an enema to complete the large intestine studies; sodium and meglumine diatrizoate intravenously for urography and iodipamide meglumine intravenously for cholecystography. Both unanesthetized and anesthetized or tranquilized animals were used in the study. The results of the study are illustrated, and contrasted with studies of a similar nature in other animals.
Die Anordnung der Blutgefäśe in der Haut beim Schwein zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt
Authors: Godynicki Von S. , El‐Bab M. R. Fath , Schwarz R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present report is part of a study of the development and distribution of blood vessels in the skin of various domestic animals. Twenty‐six newborn pigs were injected with a mixture of equal parts of India ink and bovine serum. The fixed skin was dehydrated and cleared. The formation and pattern of the cutaneous arterial networks and venous plexuses were studied.
Morphological Study on the Nasal Turbinates (Conchae) of the Pika (Ochotona rufescens rufescens) and the Valcano Rabbit (Romerolagus diazi)
Authors: Kuramoto K. , Nishida T. , Mochizuki K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe nasal conchae of the pika and volcano rabbit were studied by gross examination and by serial histological sections stained with hematoxylin. The organization of the nasal conchae were compared with those of the domestic rabbit, with the goal of providing data for the determination of taxonomic relationship of the pika and the volcano rabbit to the domestic rabbit. This relationship is of interest because of a recent classification of these animals as Lagomorphs.
Anatomie Topographique des Différents Constituants du Massif Facial du Porcelet
Authors: Martineau‐Doizé Par Béatrice , Martineau Guy‐P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFourteen landrace piglets were killed in pairs at the age of three days and every week until the oldest pair was 6 weeks old. Their noses were serially sectioned transversely for making microradio‐graphs. The latter were compared with similar sections of decalcified noses. This method enabled us to describe more precisely the topography of the facial bones, especially the nasal conchae and their development in the young piglet.
Verlauf und Mündung des Ductus pancreaticus und seiner Lappenäste bei der Ziege
Authors: Amselgruber W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCourse and opening of the pancreatic duct and its radicles in the goatThe ducts of thirty‐nine pancreases of adult goats (Bunte deutsche Edelrasse) were studied using corrosion cats and microdisseaion. Thirty‐six glands were drained by one duct which entered the bile duct on the average 3.6 cm before reaching the duodenum. In three goats a second duct was found also entering the bile duct. The variations of the intrapancreatic duct System in the region of the body of the gland are shown by schematic drawings.
Fine Structure of the Choriocapillaris, Bruch's Membrane and Retinal Epithelium of the Cow
Authors: Braekevelt Charlie R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe fine structure of the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane and retinal epithelium was investigated in both the tapetal and non‐tapetal fundus of the bovine eye. In ail locations the retinal epithelium consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. The epithelial cells are joined laterally by apically located tight junctions and throughout the retina display numerous basal infoldings and fine apical processes which enclose rod outer segments. All retinal epithelial cells are rich in smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria and contain phagosomes. Although not as abundant, profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum and polysomes are also noted in all locations. In non‐tapetal areas, melano‐somes are numerous whereas over the central tapetum fibrosum they are absent. The absence of melanosomes over a functional tapetum is to be expected. While lysosomes are present throughout the epithelial layer, over the tapetal region they appear to be more numerous. The apparent increase in lysosomal numbers in this location may indicate an enhanced shedding of outer segment material over the tapetum. Although some retinal epithelial cells are modified to accomodate a tapetum lucidum their morphology is basically similar throughout the retina and probably indicates that ail regions of the retinal epithelium are capable of the normal functions of this indispensible retinal layer. The choriocapillaris is heavily fenestrated on the border facing the retina and overlying the tapetum also displays fenestrae on its choroidal edge. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) is pentalaminate throughout the retina and is slightly thicker in the posterior fundus.
Fine Structure of the Bovine Tapetum Fibrosum
Authors: Braekevelt Charlie R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe fine structure of the tapetum lucidum of the domestic cow was studied by electron microscopy. In this ungulate the reflective layer is a tapetum fibrosum situated in the choroid and mainly restricted to the superior fundus. The tapetum is composed of a large array of fine extracellular collagen fibrils separated into lamellae by fibrocytes. The collagen fibrils display the normal cross‐striations of native collagen, are 0.2 μm in diameter and are arranged in a hexagonal pattern with a center‐to‐center spacing of about 0.2 μm. The diameter and spacing of these fibrils is consistent with the constructive interference of reflected light. A vascular lamella adjacent to the retinal epithelial layer contains the choriocapillaris and some irregularly arranged collagen fibrils. The tapetum is pierced by blood vessels which supply the choriocapillaris. Over the tapetum the retinal epithelium is non‐pigmented while in nontapetal regions this layer is pigmented. The choriocapillaris is not indented into the retinal epithelium as is the case in species with a tapetum cellulosum.
The Morphology of 16 and 17 Day Old Bovine Blastocysts from Virgin and Repeat Breeder Heifers
Authors: Gustafsson H. , Plöen L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphology of 16–17 days old embryos from virgin heifers (VH) and repeat breeder heifers (RBH) was compared using light and electron microscopy. In addition some embryos transferred from one heifer category to the other were studied. Embryos from VH were elongated blastocysts and the oval embryonic disc had three germ layers. The ectoderm was stratified and many mitoses were seen. The endoderm lining the blastocoelic cavity consisted of almost squamous cells conjoined by tight junctions. Between the ectoderm and the endoderm the mesoderm had developed and expanded laterally and the coelom had formed. The trophoblastic cells adjacent do the embryonic disc were cylindrical, whereas those more peripheral located were cuboidal. The trophoblastic cells were conjoined by tight junctions and they had numerous long microvilli on their peripheral surface. Except in the embryonic disc region, the endodermal cells had filopodial processes towards the trophoblast. The embryos from RBH varied in appearance. One was similar to those from VH whereas the others were, more or less retarded, without formation of mesoderm. The smaller one consisted ot trophoblastic cells only. The transferred embryos (representing surviving embryos: 2 out of 9 in VH‐RBH and 5 of 6 in RBH‐VH) had a morphology similar to that of VH blastocytes two though, appeared somewhat retarded. It is suggested that the retarded embryos lack the ability to complete embryonic development and that the uterine environment of RBH is not favourable to sustain normal embryonic development.
Der Vorgang des Schlupfes bei Gans und Ente*
Authors: Fehér G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe process of hatching in goose and duckFrom the 4th to the 16th or 17th day of incubation the wall of duck and goose amnion actively, peristaltically and rythmically contracts 20 and 12 times per minute, respectively. A pause of five seconds follows each 5th contraction. The contractions also passively influence the yolk sac, the allantois and the air cell.The M. complexus grows more than four times its original size during the 24th to the 27th day of incubation. It contains two kinds of myosin: neonatal myosin (200,000 Dalton) and adult myosin (480,000 Dalton). The amounts of the adult myosin present at the time of hatching is about 15 times the amount in the skeletal muscles. The process of hatching is described in the duck and goose.
Morphological Observations on the Erythrocytes, Leukocytes and Thrombocytes of Blue Tongue Lizards (Lacertilia: Scincidae, Tiliqua)
Authors: Canfield P. J. , Shea G. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBlood cell appearances and sizes varied little between T. scincoides and T. rugosa. Both mature and immature erythrocytes were present in circulating blood. They were oval and, ultrastructurally, had prominent marginal microtubules. Thrombocytes were oval and often showed vacuolation. On TEM examination they had parallel arrays of microtubules and scattered dense granules. Lymphocytes were small and sometimes difficult to distinguish from thrombocytes. Ultrastructurally, they had few organelles in their cytoplasm. Monocytes were commonly packed with fine azurophilic granules which, ultrastructurally, corresponded to variably‐shaped dense granules. Type I granulocytes had eccentric, irregularly shaped nuclei, and cytoplasm which contained many orange‐brown oval to round granules. Ultrastructurally, the granules were membrane bound, dense, and round to elongate oval. Type II granulocytes had eccentric, oval to round nuclei and numerous purple red, round to irregularly oval granules. On TEM examination the granules were commonly large, light grey and reticulate, and often contained a variably sized fibrillar rod. Type III granulocytes had a centrally located nucleus and numerous round, purple blue granules. The granules were round and homogeneously dense at the ultrastructural level.
Histochemical Examination of the Vaginal Epithelium of Sows at Various Stages of the Estrus Cycle
Authors: Branscheid W. , Holtz W. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe aim of this study was to histochemically determine the substrates which have a bearing on the carbohydrate metabolism of the vaginal mucosa. Ten multiparous sows of the German Landrace breed were used. Samples were taken from the vagina with a biopsy device throughout the estrus cycle. Increased concentrations of glycoproteins and glycogen occur between proestrus and metestrus. Glycogen in the pig does not reach to vaginal lumen. It is most likely used for the biosynthesis of glycoproteins in deeper layers of the epithelium. Consequently, the drop in pH observed in the vaginal lumen during estrus must result from secretion of acidic glycoproteins by epithelial cells, rather than from the breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid. During proestrus and estrus, the superficial cell‐layer of the epithelium secretes mucus. Mucus secretion plays an important role during estrus by supporting phagocytic activity of the neutrophilic granulocytes, and therefore the self‐cleaning effect of the vagina. The lamina propria demonstrates cyclical changes as well: fibrocytes in the lamina propria contain increased amounts of cytoplasmic RNA during proestrus and estrus, indicating increased protein synthesis. The protein involved here is most likely a compound of hyaluronic acid‐containing proteolycans, which are deposited in the interfibrous substance. RNA determined histochemically in the fibrocytes of the lamina propria is a reliable criterion for diagnosis of proestrus and estrus.
Motor Neuron Organization and Corticospinal Fibers in the Cervical Intumescence of the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Spinal Cord
Authors: Amann John F. , Cummings John F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryExperiments were performed on 19 raccoons to determine the organization of the spinal alpha motoneurons innervating the muscles of the thoracic limb. Chromatolysis of motoneurons was provoked by resecting major nerves or removing individual muscles or muscle groups. Proximal intrinsic limb muscle motoneurons were located cranially in the cervical spinal intumescence and distal muscle motoneurons more caudally. Flexor motoneurons were generally dorsal and more laterally located within the lateral motoneuronal cell group than were the cell bodies innervating their extensor antagonists. The distribution of motor cortex projections to motoneurons was studied in five raccoons by selective silver impregnation of degenerating fibers after unilateral motor cortex ablation. Degenerating cortical projections within the motoneuronal cell group (Rexed's lamina IX) were seen only in the more dorsal and the lateral portions in the seventh and eighth cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments. Motor cortex preterminal and terminal fibers were in close apposition to the proximal dendrites and the somata of alpha motoneurons innervating primarily the more distal limb musculature and particularly the intrinsic muscles of the manus.
Afferent and Efferent Fibres in the Putative Caudal Cutaneous Femoral Nerve in the Sheep
Authors: Kirk E. J. , Kitchell R. L. , Johnson R. D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAnatomical dissections supported by neurophysiological recordings have shown the putative caudal cutaneous femoral nerve in the sheep, when present, to contain afferent and efferent nerve fibres passing in both directions between the pudendal and sciatic nerves. Fascicles from the ventral branches of one or more sacral spinal nerves may join this interconnection directly: other fascicles either bypass the interconnection, or arise from it, and pass distally to innervate muscle and/or skin. We suggest that the interconnection should be regarded simply as part of the lumbosacral plexus.
Comparative Thickness of the Medulla of Bos taurus and Bos indicus Kidneys
Authors: Mbassa Gabriel Kihanda 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty kidneys of 4 years old Bos taurus cattle and 26 kidneys of 2—4 years old Bos indicus (Zebu cattle) of East African Shorthorn breen were examined lobe by lobe after fixation. The cortex and medulla with subunits were measured and compared in the two sub‐species. The width of the cortex was about the same in both. The outer and inner stripes of the outer medullary zone were significantly broader in Bos taurus whereas outer inner zone was significantly broader in Bos indicus. The width of the entire medulla was greater in Bos taurus.
Untersuchungen der Vaskularisation der Disci intervertebrales des erwachsenen Hundes1
Authors: Brunner K. , Frewein J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA study of the blood supply to the intervertebral discs in the adult dogThe (mainly lumbar) intervertebral discs of 21 recently euthanatized dogs (aged 3 days to 14 years) were examined grossly, under the dissection microscope and by light microscopy. The findings of the adult animals and the salient differences from the younger ones are reported. A few capillaries were observed in the outer 2–4 layers of the anulus fibrosus; these arose from segmentai arteries that lay directly on the intervertebral discs. The principal supply of all intervertebral discs occurs by diffusion emanating from capillary loops. These are visible at 10–30 times enlargement in both unstained and benzidin stained preparations. They pass through the end plate of the vertebral body to where the bone gives way to the softer tissue of the disc. The capillary loops have wider lumina and are more numerous opposite the nucleus pulposus and in the adjacent perinuclear zone than more peripherally where the annular fibers attach to the bone.
Demonstration of Sugar Residues in the Ultimobranchial Tubule and Thyroid C‐Cells of the Rat using Peroxidase Labelled Lectins
Authors: Moreno A. M. , Martin‐Lacave I. , Montero C. , Gomez‐Pascual A. , Fernandez A. , Galera H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution of various sugars, that contribute to the composition of the carbohydrate components of the glycoprotein in the ultimobranchial tubule and the thyroid C‐cells has been studied, using eight peroxidase‐labelled lectins (Dolichos biblorus, Glycine max, Baubinia purpurea, Helix pomatia, Arachis hipogaea, Ulex europaeus I, Limax flavus and Sophora japonica). The results obtained seem to show that there are receptors for Dolichos biflorus, Glycine max, Bauhinia purpurea, Helix pomatia, Arachis hipogaea, Ulex europaeus I and Limax flavus in the ultimobranchial tubule, suggesting the existence of N‐acetylgalactosamine, galactose, L‐fucose and sialic acid. However, the C‐cells show only a positive reaction with Ulex Europaeus I indicating the existence of fucosyl residues in those cells. All these findings supports the contention that the ultimobranchial body might contribute decisively not only to the formation of C‐cells but also, partially, to the constitution of certain follicular cells.
Cytological, Immunocytochemical and Ultrastructural Study of GH Cells of Pars Distalis Adenohipophysaria of Kids (Capra hircus)
Authors: Gomez M. A. , Navarro J. A. , Camara P. , Sanchez J. , Sierra M. A. , Bernabé A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryStaining and histochemical methods, immunocytochemical and electron microscopy were used to individualize the somatotropic or GH cells in the adenohypophyseal pars distalis of the kid. They are found in a saggital section throughout the pars distalis constituting 34% of the hypophyseal cell population. They are 12.37 micron in size and have as an ultrastructural characteristic secretory spherical granules of a large size (males, 391 nm and females, 427 nm) which are very electrodense.
Mecanismos de Desarrollo de la Cúpula en los Conductos Semicirculares de las Aves: II. Reorganizacion Celular
Authors: Pablos J. E. Guijarro de , Sequeros O. Gonzalez , Rubio J. R. Moral , Gonzalez J. A. Ramirez 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMechanisms of development of the cupula of the semicircular canals of birds (Gallus gallus) II. Cellular reorganizationA light microscopic study of the epithelia of the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals of the embryonic chicken indicates that the epithelial cells undergo irregular degenerative changes, with continual mitotic replacement of surface cells. The cupula develops over the surface epithelia through vesicular secretions containing acidophils fibrillar material mixed with globular formations derived from fragmentation of the surface epithelial cells.Electron microscopic studies demonstrate the mode of secretion of rounded or oval supraepithelial bodies from surface epithelium, contributing to the development of the cupula ampullaris. These observations provide evidence of cytoplasmic contributions of surface epithelial cells of the crista ampullaris contributing to the development and continued reorganization of the cupula ampullaris during embryonic development.
The Development of the Sulci and Gyri of the Bovine Cerebral Hemispheres
Authors: Louw Graham J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study contributes to the existing knowledge and includes a complete description of the gyri and sulci of the bovine cerebral hemisphere, the chronological order of appearance of these sulci and gyri and the ages at which the sulci and gyri reach their final pattern as seen in the bovine adult.The research was undertaken because this specific area has not been covered by anatomists in any depth. The results of this study will contribute to the more complete descriptions of the anatomy of the bovine adult, as well as of the embryological development of the animal.A number of bovine embryos and fetuses were collected from the abattoir. Serial sections of the embryos were studied histologically, while the brains of the fetuses were examined macroscopically or with a dissection‐microscope.Up until day 58 the cerebral hemisphere is smooth. Then an indentation appears which marks the position of the Fissura sylvia. The Sulcus rhinalis lateralis appears at day 68. At day 90 the following grooves are visible: the Sulcus suprasylvius, the Sulcus cinguli, the Sulcus splenialis, the Sulcus genualis, and the Sulcus corporis callosi. At this age, all the gyri associated with these sulci develop, although the gyri are well developed only after the grooves have formed. At day 110 the Sulcus ectosylvius, the Sulcus marginalis, and the Sulcus presylvius are visible, once again with their associated gyri appearing a short time thereafter. At day 130 the following grooves are visible: the Sulcus coronalis, the Sulcus cruciatus, the Sulcus ansatus, and the Sulcus endomarginalis. The cerebrum of the foetus at this stage has well developed gyri. At day 160 the Sulcus proreus, the Sulcus ectomarginalis, the Sulcus suprasplenialis, the Sulcus endosplenialis, the Sulcus calcarinus, and the Sulcus endogenualis have developed. The final groove to form is the Sulcus rhinalis medialis. Then the brain looks like that of the adult animal.
étude Histomorphométrique des Variations Morphologiques du Follicule Thyroïdien chez le Rat en Fonction de l'âge et du Sexe
Authors: Delverdier M. , Cabanie P. , Enjalbert F. , Plaisancie P. , Haverbeke G. van 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHistomorphometrical examinations of morphological variations on thyroid follicles of the rat dependent on age and sex of the animalThe thyroid glands of maie and female rats (Sprague Dawley) 10 to 60 weeks of age were examined histomorphometrically.The results show a clear sex dimorphism. The thyroid follicles in the maie animais show a greater functional activity than in the female animals. But while the morphology of the follicles in the females was constant throughout the period of observation, in the males the activity gradually diminished.