bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Austausch von Schwermetallen an der Grenzfläche Wasser/Sediment in Gewässern und Baggergutdeponien
Authors: Förstner U. , Kersten M. , Calmano W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubsequent to the description of characteristic exchange processes including examples from both literature and own research the alternatives for the treatment of dredged sludges were evaluated under the aspect of heavy metal mobilization (including changes of typical associations) as follows: (1) During handling of contaminated sediments under water oxidation processes may affect an enhanced consumption of oxygen and a reduction of the bonding strength of metals. (2) Following open water field or diked disposal of less buffered sludges the oxidation of sulfide minerals leads to lowering of pH‐values and partially to significant remobilisation of metals. (3) After dumping in estuarine, coastal, and shallow marine areas both oxidation of sulfides and organic substances takes place; metals released are partly kept in solution by complexation processes. (4) Regarding the heaplike deposition of dredged sludges on land, which is favourable because of the better control and repair facilities, stabilization measures should be optimized also with respect to the fixation of heavy metals. (5) Due to the formation of sparingly soluble sulfide phases of heavy metals the marine environment, e.g. in the form of a near‐shore subsediment deposit, could provide a noteworthy alternative for solving the problems with dredged materials, as has been demonstrated by the example of a peninsula project in the North Sea coast of Rotterdam.
Basic‐Programm Extrakt zur statistischen Auswertung univariater Analysendaten
Authors: Henrion G. , Henrion R. , Henrion A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe algorithms, mode of operation and flowchart of an extensive BASIC‐program for the statistical data evaluation and information condensation from serial and ring analyses as well as for the homogeneity analysis are represented. The program tests for runaways, trend, deviations from the normal distribution, combinability and differences of standard deviations and mean values and secures the statements alternatively on the basis of the normal distribution and the parameter‐free U‐test.
Eliminierung von Abwasserinhaltsstoffen durch Kombination biochemischer und grenzflächenchemischer Mechanismen
Authors: Winkler F. , Kümmel R. , Stiebert M. , Kühne C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecent developments and future trends of waste water treatment by combined biochemical and adsorptive elimination steps are presented. Various mechanisms are discussed to explain the enhancement of conventional activated sludge systems by addition of different solid adsorbents. Special emphasis is given to the improvement of elimination capacity and operation stability caused by powdered or granular activated carbons. The results of laboratory experiments as well as large‐scale applications suggest that combinations of biological systems with by‐product carbonaceous materials are most likely to gain future importance in waste water treatment facilities.
Survivality and Impaired Growth in Arsenic Treated Fingerlings of Channa punctatus, a Fresh Water Murrel
Authors: Shukla J. P. , Shukla K. N. , Dwivedi U. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe LC50‐values of As3+‐compounds for Channa punctatus are determined for a 48‐h exposure to 19.4 (18.02… 21.3) mg/1 and for a 96‐h exposure to 14.3 (13.06… 16.80) mg/1. At a long‐time exposure to 7.0 mg/1 As3+, during the first seven days there does not occur any change of growth, then the growth in length and the increase in weight decreased by 6.6 and 11.7%, respectively, till the 31st day. At the same time, the RNA content of the muscle decreased by 11.5% to 966.7 μg/g fresh weight and the protein content decreased by 12.5 % to 95.39 mg/g fresh weight.
Traceruntersuchungen zum Verhalten der HCH‐Isomere bei Probenvorbereitungsschritten zur gaschromatographischen Bestimmung
Authors: Huschek G. , Schieck K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of gas‐chromatographic analysis of organochloropesticides from natural water was checked with the help of tracer. C‐14 marked HCH within the mixture of isomers was used to research the behaviour and to check the preparation steps to gas‐chromatographic analysis. The use of this relative method allowed to analyse every step of work exactly and to determine the recoveries of the analysis method. The relative method was followed by the absolute method of the gas‐chromatographic detection to confirm the discovered results. The experiments of the trace analysis method used show that this method is especially qualified for the results for the routine analysis.
Berechnung der LC50 unter Berückschtigung einer Resistenzrate im Spermatest
Authors: Recknagel R.‐D. , Kalbe L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is shown by the example of the sperm vitality test how a probit‐analysis has to be made if the initial data are distorted by a blank value (natural range of action) and if, in addition, a portion of resistent test objects is assumed in the tested material. On the basis of the likelihood‐quotient it is decided whether a rate of resistance in the model statement must be taken into account. The adequacy of the extended probit‐model is tested with the χ2 adaptation test. The influence of the model choice on the estimated LC50 is demonstrated by an example of data.
Humic Material in Himalayan Lake Sediments
Authors: Kango R. A. , Zutshi D. P. , Dubey K. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHumic material isolated from six Himalayan lakes was investigated for its elemental composition, exchange behaviour and spectrophotometric properties. The carbon content was 36.8… 56.6 %. The C: H ratio was lower than for soil humic acids. The nitrogen content was 3.8… 5.8 % and was higher than reported for soil humic acids. Zinc and copper were higher at the sites with high pollution load. On a strong cation exchanger copper showed the highest stability and calcium was least stable. The Δ log K values suggested that comparatively deep water sediments show lower degrees of humification.
Seasonal Variations in Periphyton Composition and Diversity in Oil Refinery Effluents
Authors: Singh A. K. , Singh M. P. , Gaur J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCyanophyta was the dominant algal group in the effluents of Mathura Oil Refinery and its relative abundance decreased with the removal of pollutants; the composition of this group, however, never decreased below 60%. Some members of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta were also recorded. Among the blue greens, Oscillatoria was the most abundant genus throughout and this is a reflection of the marked capability of this organism to withstand oil pollution. The diversity (d) of the algal community increased owing to the removal of oils and phenols in effluent treatment ponds. No marked seasonal variation in the abundance of various algal taxa and diversity was apparent. Even slight changes in the concentration of oil and phenol from 5.1 to 1.2 mg/l and 1.56 to 0.20 mg/l, respectively, resulted in an appreciable increase in diversity. The study reveals that algal community structural parameters like relative abundance and diversity could be, irrespective of the time of sampling, effectively used for monitoring the quality of effluents in oil refineries.
Nitrat‐Bestimmung in Oberflächengewässern als Beispiel der Anwendung der UV‐Derivativspektroskopie in der Umweltanalytik
Authors: Wollin K.‐M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArtificial nitrate solutions and a large number of membranefiltered nitrate‐containing water samples from Mecklenburgian lakes and rivers were investigated in the spectral range of 200… 260 nm with a dual beam spectrophotometer. By the formation of derivative spectra there are achieved a higher spectral resolution and the elimination of undesired disturbing effects since first‐ and higher‐order derivatives are formed. As it is known, the direct spectrophotometric nitrate determination is influenced by organic substances and some inorganic ions of natural waters. As a result, the UV derivative spectroscopy of 2nd order is recommended as a suitable technique of nitrate analysis for surface waters with a high degree of accuracy and precision – detailed reports on investigations being given. Compared with the equivalent salicylate method, however, the expenditure of the UV derivative spectroscopy described is considerably lower.
Rotifers as Indicators of Water Quality
Authors: Saksena D. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comprehensive survey of the literature on the use of rotifers as bio‐indicators water quality has been made in this article. Brachionus angularis, Trichocerca cylindrica, Polyurthra euryptera, Pompholyx sulcata, Rotaria rotatoria, Filinia longiseta have been designated as indicators of heavy pollution (Eutrophy). Ascomorpha ovalis, Asplanchna herricki, Synchaeta grandis, Ploesoma hudsoni, Anuraeopsis fissa, Monostyla bulla and M. hamata are indicators of fresh and clean waters (Oligotrophy) while a variety of rotifers including Brachionus, Keratella spec, are inhabitants of moderately clean (mesotrophy) waters. However, more and more knowledge regarding morphological variations and physiological conditions of rotifers should be studied and then they can be used as better indicators of environmental quality.
Ciliated Colonization of Artificial Substrates in Different Saprobic Conditions in a Running Water
Authors: Primc B. , Habdija I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of water current velocity and organic load on the colonization rate of ciliated Protozoa in periphyton communities. Artificial substrates (glass slides) were placed at three stations in a small mountain stream which runs through urban and industrial areas. The first station was located in an oligosaprobic to beta‐mesosaprobic zone, the second in an alfa‐mesosaprobic zone, and the third station in an alfa‐mesosaprobic to polysaprobic zone. At each station three substrates were placed in biotopes of different current velocity values (5… 20 cm/ sec., 20… 40 cm/sec. and 50… 70 cm/sec.). With such a distribution of artificial substrates it was possible to study the effect of the water current velocity on the colonization dynamics of ciliates in particular saprobic zones.
Toxic Impact of Hexavalent Chromium on the BLOOD Pyruvate of Colisa fasciatus
Authors: Nath K. , Kumar N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe blood pyruvate levels of a freshwater tropical teleost Colisa fasciatus were investigated from 3 to 96 h following sublethal intoxication of 48 ppm hexavalent chromium. The blood pyruvate levels rose at every time period studied from 3… 96 h. A statistically significant elevation is observed from 24 h and progresses up to 96 h. The maximum elevation of 92.86% has been recorded at 72 h (p<0.001).
Histochemical Observation on Crude Oil Poisoning in the Respiratory Epithelium of Puntius sophore
Authors: Prasad M. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity of respiratory mucus cells to the aqueous extracts of 200… 2000 ppm of crude oil has been determined in Puntius sophore using histochemical techniques. The results indicate the mucus cells to be highly susceptible to the crude oil poisoning in both lethal and sublethal concentrations. Sublethal extracts induce excessive mucus production and form a protective covering over branchial epithelia. Lethal extracts, however, reduce the number and size of the mucus cells causing scanty mucus secretion in short‐term exposure (≦4 h), but degenerate the mucus cells when the exposure period is prolonged (≧12 h).
Development of Algae in Waters and a Possibility of Spectrometric in‐situ Monitoring
Authors: Mittenzwey K.‐H. , Rummel W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA short review is given on the production of algae, their influence on the matter budget, the damage to the biocoenosis of waters and on the purification processes of algae‐enriched rawwaters. For the development and construction of an in‐situ device to monitor the content of phytoplankton in eutrophicated waters on ships, measurements of the spectral reflectance in shallow inland and bay waters were made from 1983 till 1985. Simultaneously chlorophyll‐a and secchi‐disk transparency were measured. Especially marked correlations (partly dependent on the season and the type of the water body) exist between the quotient of reflectance at the wavelengths of 710 and 660 nm and the chlorophyll‐a concentrations (7… 320 μg/l) and between the reflectance at 710 nm and reciprocal values of secchi‐disk transparency (0.3… 3.0 m). On the basis of these results a prototype of a two‐channel spectrometer was produced.
Trihalomethane im Trinkwasser
Authors: Puchert W. , Prösch J. , Wagner H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn three water works investigations were performed on the formation of halogenated hydrocarbons resulting from chlorination and the results are given. There were exclusively detected halogenated methane compounds with concentrations below 25 μg/1 and therefore agreeing with values already reported. Trichloronitromethane was detected, too; its concentration correlates with the nitrite content of water.
Treatment of Sewage Containing Aromatic Amines with Participation of Macrophytes. Part 1. Mechanisms and Kinetics of the Elimination of Aromatic Amines by Macrophytes
Authors: Timofeeva S. S. , Kashina N. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResults are presented of studying quantitative regularities of utilizing aromatic amines (benzidine, α‐ naphthylamine) by Chara algae (Nitella spec., Charafragilis) and higher aquatic plants (Elodea canadensis). It is shown that the basic part of eliminated benzidine is subjected to oxidative conversions under the action of macrophyte enzyme systems. Not more than 20% of eliminated benzidine accumulate in vegetative tissues.
Harmful gastropods and their control
Authors: Agarwal R. A. , Singh D. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn warm climates the control of aquatic snails as intermediate hosts of trematodes is very important for health. A biological control has been successful by a predatory snail (Marisa) as well as by reducing the aquatic vegetation. Of a greater importance, however, still is the chemical control by various molluscicides, especially by cholinesterase inhibitors (carbamates and organophosphorus compounds), which are active also in sublethal concentrations via the carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Of a special importance is also the application of synergistically active compounds, by which the biocidal activity is considerably increased, the required biocide concentration in the water is decisively reduced. Molluscicides of plant origin may be very important in future, especially the later of Euphorbiaceae and the natural products obtained from them which are active at high dilutions. Also the field of chemosterilants need to be explored.
Spatial and seasonal distribution of bacterial physiological groups in two reservoirs with different trophic levels
Authors: Iriberri J. , Rodriguez M. T. , Egea L. , Barcina I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spatial and seasonal distribution of the viable heterotrophic population and three heterotrophic physiological groups, i.e. ammonifyers, nitrate reducers and sulphate reducers, were studied in two reservoirs in the province of Vizcaya (Spain). Using indicative parameters, both reservoirs were classified as warm monomictics, one hypereutrophic and the other mesotrophic. A direct relation between the size of the bacterial populations and the trophic levels of the reservoirs was observed. Likewise, the distributions of the bacterial populations in the water column are basically different. In the hypereutrophic lake there is a direct relationship between the bacterial distribution and the physical‐chemical environment of the reservoir that cannot be observed in the mesotrophic lake.
Indicative parameters of denitrification in river sediments
Authors: Muela A. , Gorostiza I. , Iriberri J. , Egea L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDenitrification is studied in sediments from two areas of the River Butrón which represent different situations with respect to their degree of pollution. Denitrification is analysed by means of the following parameters: maximum denitrification rate (Vmax), Michaelis constant (Km), denitrification rate (v), denitrification constant (kd) and number of denitrifiers. In all the samples analysed denitrification follows a kinetic type Michaelis‐Menten with respect to nitrate.Vmax,Kmand number of denitrifiers are clearly superior in the polluted area when compared to the cleaner area, indicating an advantage given that denitrification suggests an alternative pathway for breaking down organic matter with low levels of dissolved oxygen. By comparison betweenKmand natural nitrate concentration values we find thatvfollows a first order kinetic depending directly on the nitrate concentration.valso presents higher values in the area of the river where the entry of sewage is taking place than in the cleaner area. However, this difference does not have a kinetic origin but rather is given by different nitrate concentrations in their sediments. This is due to the fact that the two areas present similar efficiencies in the elimination of nitrate, which is deduced from the similar values ofkd.
Consumption of the primary production of phytomicrobenthos and destruction of organic substances by the free‐living ciliates in benthos of the Tsibulnik bay of the Kremenchug reservoir
Authors: Kovalchuk A. A. , Skorik L. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of the benthic ciliofauna of the Tsibulnik bay of the Kremenchug reservoir in the comsumption of the primary production of phytomicrobenthos and the destruction of organic Substances is shown. In July all over the buy ciliates had consumed 41 % of the benthic primary production. During the process, consumption rates had reached 1.34 kJ/m2 d on seperate sections of the bottom. Sufficiently high is the role of these protists in the destruction of organic substances. They had destroyed 1.4… 1.5% of the whole mineralised organic substances in summer and 10… 11% in autumn. The authors made a conclusion on the importance of the benthic ciliofauna in the transformation of organic substances in an eutrophic bay.
Saprobic evaluation of Euglena viridis, E. agilis and E. proxima
Authors: Vilaclara G. , Robles E. , Rivera F. , Sládeček V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAccording to an investigation of an anaerobic sewage pond in the State of Mexico we are proposing the change of the saprobic valence and other saprobiological characteristics for three species of mixotrophic Euglena, i.e. E. viridis (O. F. MÜLLER) EHRENBERG, D. agilis H. J. CARTER and E. proxima DANGEARD.
Size related toxicity of industrial effluents to cyprinus carpio (HAM.) and Channa punctatus (BL)
Authors: Gupta S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFish, Cyprinus carpio and Channa punctatus in four sizes (6.0 ± 1.2; 12.5 ± 1.6; 20.6 ± 1.5 and 28.0 ± 1.8 cm in total length) were exposed to industrial effluents from the Sangam Dyeing Factory (Ludhiana), the Sterling Steel and ABC Paper Mills (Hoshiarpur) to evaluate the acute toxicity of these effluents at different fish sizes. Results reveal that the toxicity of industrial effluents decreased with the increased fish size from 6.0 ± 1.2 to 20.6 ± 1.5 cm in length. However, for specimens of the size of 28.0 ± 1.6 cm and more, the toxicity of the effluents increased with an increase in fish size. On the basis of the relative toxicity to fish, effluent from the Sterling Steel Mill was found to be highly toxic to fish and effluent from the Dyeing Factory least toxic except for the fish of 6.0 ± 1.2 cm at which dyeing factory effluent was most toxic and ABC paper mill effluent the least toxic.
Sorption ausgewählter Schwermetallionen aus wäßriger Lösung an Kraftwerksaschen
Authors: Ender V. , Bosholm J. , Erb S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sorption of Co(II)., Mn(II)‐ and Fe(II)‐ions from aqueous solution on three power plant ashes was investigated in dependence on pH‐value and solution concentration. Sorption increases with rising pH‐value and increasing solution concentration. The results can be interpreted with the pH‐dependent occurrence of the hydrolysis products of the metal ions in solution and their reaction with the ash phase.
Oil pollution impact on marine communities and a problem of sea water quality improvement
Authors: Mironov O. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSea entered pollutions, in particular oil and oil products, interact complexly with marine biota. On the one hand, oil causes disfunction of marine communities, death of some marine representatives and sometimes of the whole community. On the other hand, marine organisms and their communities transform pollutions during purification processes improving marine environment quality. It is known, that under pollution conditions the number of aquarium‐inhabiting organisms is reduced and only the most resistable species are left. The study of such species opens perspectives for the creation of hydrobiological systems and their purposeful use in cleaning polluted waters and sanitation of coastal aquaria.
Zur Anwendung des Standards TGL 27885/01 zur Klassifizierung und Bewirtschaftung von Flachgewässern
Authors: Schmidt I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor the shallow lake there can be expected eutrophic conditions according to its morphometric data (z̄ 2.8 m, l 1.1… 1.8a), even mesotrophic conditions acc. to the catchment area (2.8 km2/hm3, 8 km2/km2, 20% wood) and eutrophic conditions acc. to load (1,340 Population Equivalents/hm3, 0.027… 0.386 g/m2 a P). The actually measured data of oxygen balance, nutrient contents and bioproduction show a eutrophic situation with a trend towards polytrophy. The difference to the expectation values can be explained by an underestimation of direct loading from a duck farm and the back‐wash waters of a waterworks, so that sanitation measures for reducing the direct loading are promising. The relocation of the duck farm and of a large complex of stables as well as the introduction of extensive fishery utilization with a balanced stock of predatory fish resulted in perceptible trends of oligotrophication already after two years, especially by a remarkable promotion of the macrophyte stocks in the shallow water zone.
Hyperglycemic response of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to nickel
Authors: Nath K. , Kumar N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFreshwater Indian catfish H. fossilis was exposed to a sublethal concentration of 192 mg/1 nickel sulphate from 3 to 96 h. Blood glucose of the nickel exposed fish increased significantly at 6, 12, 24, 72 and 96 h. The maximum elevation was recorded at 72 h (P < 0.001). The possible role of glucagon and insulin has been discussed.
Zur derivativspektroskopischen Bestimmung der Ligninsulfonsäure in Gegenwart von Huminsäuren
Authors: Schmidt A. , Meusinger U. , Worst M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Specord M 40 device with the Date Handling 1 computer cassette was used for the derivative‐spectroscopie determination of lignosulphonic acid. Because of the higher sensitivity and the better evaluable peaks, the 2nd derivation of the five possible derivations was used. The analysis method described in detail was tested with test substances on a surface water which was polluted with waste‐products from the pulp industry. With the stated device parameters, the lignosulphonic acid up to 2 mg/l can be determined in the presence of humic acids and chlorolignosulphonic acids. In weakly polluted waters, as groundwaters and shore filtrates. still lignosulphonic acid concentrations of 0.1 mg/l can be detected after an adequate enrichment.