bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fifty‐Five Degree Posterior Oblique Tomography of the Chest
Authors: SHEVLAN JOHN E. , LU CHUN H. , YOUSEF MONZER M. ABU 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFifty‐five degree posterior oblique tomography of the chest is currently a popular method of evaluating the hilum. Although a relatively recent modality in English‐speaking countries, its use goes back several decades in parts of Europe.Over 1,000 of our patients have now been examined by this technique, and we have found it to be a highly accurate means of evaluating hilar pathology. Our principal use of the technique is in the staging of lung cancer, where it is utilised along with computed tomography and gallium scanning. We have found posterior oblique tomography to be as accurate, and occasionally superior, to computed tomography in staging the hilum. The technique is ideal for excluding pathology in the case of the “problem” hilum, and of great use in the localization of lesions adjacent to the posterior portions of the major fissures.With experience, the radiographic anatomy in the oblique projection is easy to interpret.
Gynaecological Cancer Treatment with the Curietron
Authors: JONES W. K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe Curietron is a remotely controlled electromechanical machine for afterloading caesium‐137 sources for treatment of gynaecological cancer. Its mechanism and safety features are described. Applicators, sources and dose distributions are discussed.The machine was the first such unit to be installed in Australia and has now been in service for over four years. It has been used to carry out over 200 treatments with very few problems.
Carotid Occlusion — A Hair's Breadth Away
Authors: TRESS BRIAN M. , FIELD PETER L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAmongst the many recognized complications of cerebral angiography are those due to the introduction of emboli into the cerebral circulation. This report documents a previously undescribed iatrogenic embolic material, pubic hair, together with the simple measures necessary to prevent this potential hazard.
Cholangiographic Morphology as a Guide to the Demonstration of the Bile Duct by Ultrasound
Authors: PORTER ALAN J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCholangiography demonstrated that the main bile duct in the majority of patients with surgically‐proven cholelithiasis has a “boomerang” shape with marked angulation between the superior, ligamentous segment and inferior, juxtapancreatic segment. Measurement of the angles at cholangiography provides a guide to the demonstration of these separate segments of the main bile duct by ultrasound using the U.I. Octoson, a water delay echoscope.
The Ultrasonic Aspects of Polyhydramnios
Authors: ACTON C. M. , WEIR P. E. , BEISCHER N. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a consecutive series of 250 patients with polyhydramnios, there were 242 patients with chronic and 8 with acute polyhydramnios. The incidence of fetal abnormality in association with chronic polyhydramnios was 18.4% (49 patients); 64% of these abnormalities had features recognisable by ultrasonography but only 28% could have been positively diagnosed by plain radiography. Acute polyhydramnios was associated with uniovular twins, and 2 of the 10 infants were malformed. This study demonstrated that ultrasonography has a greater diagnostic role than radiography in the patient who presents with polyhydramnios.
Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: VERCO P.W. , COOK C.W. , OGDEN S.E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA series of 20 patients who had an ectopic gestation is reviewed, and the ultrasonic findings discussed. The series is too small for statistical analysis. The findings in the acute stages of rupture of an ectopic or tubal abortion are sufficiently encouraging (12 correct diagnoses in 15 patients) to lead one to persevere in attempts to improve diagnostic acumen in view of the fact that the ultrasound department receives only the more obscure examples of this condition.
Progression of Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis
Authors: McPHEE I. B. , O'BRIEN J. P. , McCALL I. W. , PARK W. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA series of fifty‐one cases of lumbo‐sacral spondylolisthesis under the age of thirty years were followed up for a minimum period of one year. The overall progression rate in this series was 24%, but more significantly, the incidence of progression in adolescence was 38%. Furthermore, there was a marked difference in the incidence of progression in the dysplastic type (32%) compared with the isthmic type (4%). Radiological studies showed that adolescent progression occurred concurrently with significant structural changes in both the 5th lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. It was felt that the loss of support of the posterior vertebral complex in dysplastic spondylolisthesis resulted in an interference in the vertebral growth once displacement exceeded 25%, demonstrating that progression may occur before a fusion becomes sound. Late progression was not accompanied by structural changes, and was due to a loss of posterior ligamentous and disc integrity.
Cartilage Atrophy Following Spinal Cord Damage
Authors: ANDERSON J. , BREIDAHL P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective analysis of hip joint space measurement of patients who had previously sustained spinal cord damage was undertaken.This paper confirms previous findings that patients with flaccid paralysis in lower limbs develop hip joint space narrowing. It has been found that this phenomenon is far more frequent than previously reported and can be seen in a significant proportion of patients with lower limb spasticity.
A Comparative Trial of Two Urographic Contrast Media — Conray 420 and Urografin 370
Authors: EYES B. E. , EVANS A. F. , WHITEHOUSE G. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA double blind randomised trial of two urographic contrast media was performed on two hundred patients with normal renal function and no significant urological abnormality. One hundred patients were given Conray 420 (sodium iothalamate), and one hundred received Urografin 370 (mainly methylglucamine diatrizoate with a small amount of sodium diatrizoate). The same amount of iodine, 300 mg per kg B.W., was given to each patient. The only significant urographic difference was an inferior demonstration of the pelvicalyceal system with Urografin 370. No serious reactions were encountered but of the minor side effects, pain at the injection site, pain in the proximal part of the arm, and a metallic taste were significantly more frequent with Conray 420. There was no relationship between individual side effects and the presence or absence of anxiety. No significant change in blood pressure or pulse occurred with either contrast medium.
The Intraperitoneal Use of Technetium Sulphur Colloid
Authors: BOLITHO L. E. , ANDREWS J. T. , LICHTENSTEIN M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTechnetium labelled Sulphur Colloid (99m Tc.S/C) is routinely used as the radiopharmaceutical in liver and spleen scanning. The radionuclide is taken up the Küpffer cells and macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system in the liver, spleen and bone marrow.Intraperitoneal injection of 99mTc.S/C can be used to assess the patency of a peritoneo‐jugular (Le Veen) shunt in patients who develop recurrent ascites after insertion of the shunt. This technique has been previously described (Kirchmer, N. etal, 1977; Gorten, R. J., 1977; Rickers, L. F. et al, 1977; Williamson et al, 1978). A further illustrative case is presented. Using a similar technique, we have been able to demonstrate a peritoneo‐pleural communication in a patient with recurrent pleural effusions and ascites. A similar situation has recently been described by Adam et al (1980).
An Unusual Cholecystoduodenostomy
Authors: MUTHUKUMARASWAMY S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSpontaneous cholecystoduodenostomy is an unusual method by which relief of obstructive jaundice may be obtained. In addition, it is rare for the relief of jaundice to be short‐lived due to obstruction of the fistula by a calculus in the gallbladder.
Planning and Efficiency of Diagnostic Tests
Authors: DUGDALE LESLIE M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe basic principles and techniques of medical decision making are outlined and illustrated. The techniques include ROC curve production, the use of the 2*2 Table, with its derivations, the use of Bayesian analysis to produce Predictive Values, and an introduction to Decision Trees and the use of Utilities. The necessity for a basic knowledge is stressed, particularly in light of current pressures on public and peer accountability.
Physical Characteristics of a Varian Clinac 18/10 Linear Accelerator Part 1 — The Photon Beam
Authors: KAROLIS CHRISTOPHER , WONGSE‐EK CHAVALIT , OLIVER LYN D. , STEWART ROBERT JAMES J. , LANGENEGGER ARMIN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe physical characteristics of a Varian Clinac 18/10, 10 MeV X‐ray beam are presented in terms of central axis depth dose, surface dose, buil‐up dose, tissue maximum ratios and attenuation measurements in lead, brass, water and lipowitz metal.Where appropriate the results for our accelerator are compared with data published in the literature. There is enough variation between our data and previously published work to demonstrate the importance of individual measurements on every accelerator.
The Narrow Cervical Spinal Canal
Authors: SOO Y. S. , NGAN M. M. W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn element of developmental stenosis is present in a review of twelve patients presenting with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Superimposed cervical spondylosis causes further canal narrowing to the extent that the minimal sagittal canal diameters of these patients measures from 5 mm to 10 mm.The maximal level of narrowing is at C3/C4 level where greatest stress is said to occur during neck movement.There is a possible association between cervical canal narrowing and lumbar canal stenosis (33% in this series).Advanced age of the patients and a moderately long history of CSM do not usually imply a poor prognosis.The control series show that cord compression signs are not present even with a sagittal diameter of 9 mm. This indicates that in CSM other factors are involved besides cervical canal stenosis.The most critical diameters are 6 mm and less. Under such circumstances surgery is indicated.Differentiation between CSM and a predominantly cauda equina compression syndrome does not generally pose a problem if attention is given to the importance of a very narrow cervical canal and the presence of an almost complete obstruction at cervical myelography.
Radiological Features of Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: DOYLE TERRENCE C. A. , ROBERTS‐THOMSON IAN C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTRetrograde, operative or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms were analysed in 14 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. In three relatively asymptomatic patients, the extra‐hepatic ducts had irregular and blurred margins and/or nodules encroaching on the lumen of the duct possibly representing early stages in the evolution of disease; in two patients radiological changes were restricted to intrahepatic ducts and in the remaining nine patients there were widespread and characteristic abnormalities including multiple strictures, areas of dilatation, pseudo‐diverticula and pruning of intraphepatic radicles.
The Growth Rate of Breast Cancer as a Dynamic Indicator of Prognosis
Authors: LUNDGREN BENGT 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn 280 cases of breast cancer detected in connection with mammography screening growth rates were estimated. Growth rates decreased with increasing age, and with increasing tumour volume. Patients with high growth rates showed a high mortality rate. The use of growth rates for prognosis and its implications for therapy are discussed.
Neutron Therapy
Authors: ALLEN B. J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn recent years considerable progress has been made in the application of neutron sources to the treatment of cancer. The development of this field is outlined, and a review is given of the current status of published clinical experience. A variety of sources can be used for neutron therapy and their relative merits are discussed. Proposals for an Australian facility for neutron therapy are put forward.
Spondylo‐Epiphysealis Dysplasia Tarda (Report of 7 cases)
Authors: KOZLOWKSI K. , MASEL J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSeven cases of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda are reported. The disease has a very uniform clinical presentation ‐ shortening of stature with pains in spine and large joints secondary to early osteoarthritic changes ‐ with little variability. hump &aped lower thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies are the diagnostic feature Of the disease.
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteo‐Arthropathy (Report of a Further Case with Brief Literature Review)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , POSEN S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA further patient with Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy is reported. The mutual relationship between Dysacromelias – Secondary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Idiopathic Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy, Pachydermoperiostitis, Familial Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy and Idiopathic Clubbing is discussed.
Cerebral Atrophy in the Aboriginal, Child and Man: A Review of CT Brain Scans in the Northern Territory
Authors: BATESON ERIC M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOver one thousand CT brain scans performed within a three year period were reviewed. The results demonstrated noticeable differences between Aboriginals and non‐Aboriginals, in that infectious and traumatic lesions were more common in the former, and cerebro‐vascular and neoplastic lesions in the latter group.In addition, there was a much higher incidence of cerebral atrophy in the Aboriginals. Of special interest was the significant number of Aboriginal children with this radiological appearance. The possibility of neuropsychological impairment in Aboriginal children and adults is discussed.
Computed Tomography in Carcinoma of the Larynx
Authors: SEXTON C. C. , ANDERSON C. G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSCT scanning in the investigation of carcinoma of the larynx is compared with direct laryngoscopy and laryngectomy specimens. Scans of twenty‐two patients studied on a GE 8800 scanner over a two‐year period are retrospectively reviewed. CT scanning compares closely with direct laryngoscopy in ability to define the longitudinal extent of tumours and is superior in evaluating the soft tissues deep to the mucosal surface and in identifying cervical lymphadeno‐pathy. Our findings agree with previous reports and we conclude that CT scanning is an imaging modality complementary to direct laryngoscopy and uniquely useful in characterizing the extent of carcinoma of the larynx in areas vital to planning of appropriate therapy.
Gastric Emphysema: An Etiologic Classification
Authors: AGHA FAROOQ P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTI Gas within the wall of the stomach is a rare radiologic finding. The stomach has been the least often reported site of intramural gas in the hollow viscera. Based on etiology, gas in the wall of the stomach can be classified as either gastric emphysema or emphysematous gastritis. Gastric emphysema may be classified into traumatic, pulmonary or obstructive types depending upon the mechanism and pathogenesis. Three cases of gastric emphysema, each of different etiology, are presented to emphasize the subclassification of gastric emphysema. The clinical and prognostic significance of this classification is emphasized.
Technetium‐99m‐DiethyI‐IDA Sequential Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy in the Pre‐Operative Evaluation of Omphalopagus Conjoined Twins1
Authors: PARAMSOTHY M. , WONG T. J. , WOON S. T. , KHOO B. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSequential hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc‐99m‐diethyI‐IDA of an omphalopagus conjoined twins indicated the anatomic size, contour and position of fusion of the livers pre‐operatively. There was absence of significant cross‐circulation between the twins. It demonstrated separate gall bladders and biliary ducts which emptied into separate proximal duo‐denas. In addition, fusion of the proximal midgut from which separate ilea arose was shown. Separate kidneys and bladders were also demonstrated. This case illustrates a significant advantage of this non‐invasive technique over other methods in the evaluation of the anatomy and function of the liver and biliary system of omphalopagus conjoined twins.
Nitrous Oxide Analgesia in the Radiology Department
Authors: EDWARDS KEITH C. , KATZEN BARRY T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTNitrous oxide is an ideal agent for use not only in the interventional radiology suite, but throughout the radiology department for pain relief and anxiety reduction. It is safe, easy to use, and effective in a multitude of clinical settings. During a one year period nitrous oxide analgesia was used in 300 patients with adequate analgesia and/or anxiety reduction in over 95 percent.
Mammography Doses in N.S.W.
Authors: COLGAN PETER J. , O'REILLY PETER A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA statewide midline depth dose assessment of the mammography units in N.S.W. is presented the results compared with similar overseas data. Film/Screen units are shown to provide significantly less depth dose to the average patient when compared to the Xerox units in use in N.S.W. Twenty seven percent of the Film/Screen units were found to operate at a peak voltage below a level considered as adequate for proper image quality. A further twenty seven percent of Xerox units were found to operate at a peak voltage above that considered desirable for good contrast. In both cases this may lead to either needless exposure or missed microcalcifications and the need for modifications in either technique or equipment is considered essential.
An Assessment of Hexabrix, a Low Osmolality Contrast Medium, in Aortofemoral Angiography
Authors: WHITEHOUSE G. H. , SNOWDON S. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHexabrix, a dimeric intravascular medium, has an osmolality which is similar to that of nonionic contrast agents and lower than conventional monomelic media. The degree of reactive vasodilatation on aortic injection is such that the sensation of heat in the legs is usually moderate in severity while the incidence of pain is extremely low. The fall in blood pressure and rise in pulse rate are similar to those for metrizamide and less than for other contrast media. The radiographic quality of the angiograms was consistently high.
Craniofacial Neurofibromatosis: A Roentgen Profile
Authors: GUPTA S. K. , KAUR SARABJIT , SHARMA O. P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMultiple radiographic projections were employed to study osseous abnormalities of the skull in twenty cases of craniofacial neurofibromatosis. Calvarial defects in the lambdoid suture were observed in eight cases. Large midline defects produced a cranium bifidum appearance in one case. Mandibular changes consisted of hypoplasia with flattening of the external contour, thinning of the body and the ramus and widening of the medial and lateral coronoid spaces. Mandibular overgrowth with a convex outer contour and increase in the vertical height was seen in one case and a large cystic lesion around three unerrupted molar teeth was seen in another case. Abnormalities were also observed in the zygomatic arch and the mastoid process. The tympanic bone was absent in three cases. A 20 degree occipitomental projection best demonstrated these abnormalities. Orbital changes consisted of enlargement, outwardly curved innominate line, indistinct lower part of the innominate line, elevated lesser wing of the sphenoid, irregular enlargement or obliteration of the superior orbital fissure and intraorbital calcification. The pituitary fossa was enlarged in two cases without evidence of raised intracranial tension. Macrocranium was observed in one case. Functional disabilities observed in some cases were conductive deafness, loss of vision, cranial nerve palsies and mental retardation. Carotid angiograms done in three cases showed tortuous branches of the external carotid artery feeding the plexiform scalp lesions. A fourth ventricle tumour was seen on ventriculography in one case which presented with hemiplegia and cerebellar signs and symptoms. Skeletal abnormalities corresponded closely to the locations of soft tissue masses indicating developmental interdependance of neuroectodermal and mesodermal derivatives.
Micturating Cysto‐Urethrography as a Cause of Bacteraemia in Childhood
Authors: YEE RUTH S.Y. , MENAHEM SAMUEL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA project was undertaken to investigate whether the performance of a micturating cysto‐urethrogram may lead to a bacteraemia. Of the 24 patients included in the study, none had positive blood cultures. Three patients had evidence of a urinary tract infection at the time of the procedure. This result was not influenced by the presence or absence of any renal anomaly.
Central Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma of the Mandible in Children: Report of Four Cases
Authors: PIEKARCZYK J. , KOZLOWSKI K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFour cases of Central Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma of the mandible in children were described.Although rarely seen in Paediatric Institutions it is the most common primary destructive lesion of jaw in childhood.
A Trial of Radiation Dose Prescription Based on Dose‐Cell Survival Formula
Authors: ALLEN E. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRadiation treatment has been prescribed for 379 basal cell carcinomata on the basis of a selected equivalent single dose derived from the standard multi‐target dose‐cell survival formula using values of m = 2 and Do = 130 rads for orthovoltage x‐rays. The results suggest that the approach provides a flexible and acceptable alternative to prescription by total dose or by NSD, It is submitted that Total Dose is an inadequate expression of radiobiological effects: that the NSD and related systems are valuable measures of the ability of normal tissues to recover from radiation damage: that a parallel measure of the degree of tumour depopulation has become necessary to allow further progress in alternative fractionation schedules.
The Virgin and Child, Three Saints and A Donor A Case Report
Authors: SIDDLE K. , CHADWICK W. , GILBERT R. , WAY T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA painting, approximately 500 years old, was acquired by the Queensland Art Gallery. It was x‐rayed because of some inconsistencies in composition. The x‐rays revealed that considerable changes had been made in the original work.
A Computerized System for Radiological Reporting
Authors: SHERBON K. J. , RAGG B. C. , BARKER J. G. , HORVATH DIANA G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

A computerized reporting system based on a Digital PDP 11/34 computer has been developed.
The system is particularly suitable for decentralized radiolgy departments.
Reports can be immediately recalled by medical record number or surname from any VDU connected to the system.
Current limitations of system speed and report storage are to be overcome by installing a larger computer and larger disc drive.
Calvarial Doughnut Lesions with Osteoporosis, Multiple Fractures, Dentinogenesis Imperfecta and Tumorous Changes in the Jaws. (Report of a Case)
Authors: COLAVITA N. , KOZLOWSKI K. , VECCHIA G. LA , FILENI A. , RICCI R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of calvarial doughnut lesions with osteoporosis, multiple fractures, dentinogenesis imperfecta and tumorous changes in the jaws in a 21 year old man observed since infancy is reported.This is the youngest and most severe case of calvarial doughnut lesions ever described. In the opinion of the authors calvarial doughnut lesions are not always benign but may be an expression of a generalised, severe bone disease.