bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of canine mast cell tumors for presence of estrogen receptors
Authors: Larsen Arden E. , Grier Ronald L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten tumors from 7 dogs were analyzed for estrogen receptors. Of 9 determined to be mast cell tumors, 6 were determined not to have estrogen receptors (< 3 fmol of estradiol/mg of cytosol protein) and 3 were questionable (3 to 10 fmol of estradiol/mg). One tumor was a mixed mammary tumor and was determined to have estrogen receptors (12 fmol of estradiol/mg). Histologic grading of the mast cell tumors did not suggest a correlation with estrogen receptor values.
Virus-specific cellular blastogenesis and interleukin-2 production in swine after recovery from African swine fever
Authors: Scholl Thomas , Lunney Joan K. , Mebus Charles A. , Duffy Ellen , Martins Carlos L. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Animals recovered from viral diseases represent an important model to study the host cellular and humoral immune responses to the etiologic agents. This is particularly important for African swine fever virus (asfv) infections in which antibodies have little or no virus-neutralizing effect. Pigs surviving experimental infection with the naturally occurring low-virulent, nonhemadsorbing asfv/NH/P68 (NHV) isolate did, however, exhibit virus-specific T-cell activities, as measured by a variety of assays. A strong virus-induced, antigen-specific blastogenic response was observed only with blood mononuclear cells (bmc) from asf-recovered swine, whereas cells from recovered and naive swine responded similarly to the mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. The asfv-induced blastogenesis was dependent on virus dose and on the presence of adherent cells. Blood mononuclear cells cultured with antigenically related hemadsorbing asfv isolates of different virulence characteristics, the highly virulent L60 isolate and moderately virulent DRII isolate, exhibited a similar magnitude of blastogenesis to cells infected with the low-virulent NHV isolate. Virus-infected cells proved to be an efficient inducer of interleukin-2 (il-2) activity to cells from recovered swine, but not from naive swine, whereas T-cell-specific lectins induced production of similar amounts of il-2 activity from cells of naive and recovered swine. Correlated with the appearance of virus-induced il-2 activity in the culture supernatant was the induction of promiscuous killing in cells exposed to prolonged (7 days) virus stimulation. This lymphokine-activated killing could be induced experimentally early in the virus stimulatory process (3 days) by the addition of exogenous lymphokines to the cultures. It was concluded that swine inoculated with low-virulent asfv isolates are a useful model for identifying and characterizing asfv immune mechanisms in vitro. Furthermore, this asfv model implicates lymphokines as inducers of nonspecific cell-mediated immunity; in fact, lymphokine-activated killer type responses may contribute to recovery from this viral infection. More important, asfv-specific blastogenic and cytotoxic T-cells are prime candidates for the cells inducing and/or conferring protective immunity against challenge asfv infection.
Isolation and characterization of equine microvascular endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Bochsler Philip N. , Slauson David O. , Chandler Suzanne K. , Suyemoto M. Mitsu 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The use of cultured tissue has not yet become widespread in research involving equine disease, and this may be attributable in part to the scarcity of published reports concerning tissue culture methods for this species. We report here the isolation of equine microvascular endothelium (emve) from fresh omental tissue of horses and ponies. Fresh donor tissue was minced, subjected to collagenase digestion, and filtered. Cells were layered on 5% bovine serum albumin for gravity sedimentation, the bottom layer was collected, and the cells were plated onto fibronectin-coated flasks. Medium consisted of Dulbecco modified Eagle medium with 10% whole fetal bovine serum (wfbs) and 20 μg of endothelial cell growth supplement/ml. The emve grew readily in culture, had the cobblestone morphologic feature at confluence, stained positively for factor VIII-related antigen, and metabolized acetylated low-density lipoprotein. Fibroblast and smooth muscle cell contamination was minimal in primary cell cultures, which were successfully passed and maintained in culture for 3 to 5 serial passages, using various media and substrates. Preliminary studies were undertaken to determine optimal growth conditions with a range of variables: serum concentration, extracellular matrix components, and growth factors, Optimal conditions were achieved with a minimum of 10% wfbs, and with either fibronectin or laminin as extracellular matrix substrates. The emve grew adequately in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium plus 10% wfbs, and the added growth factors or serum supplements did not appear necessary for growth of emve.
Evaluation of humoral immunity to Brucella sp in cattle by use of an agar-gel immunodiffusion test containing a polysaccharide antigen
Authors: Lord Veronica R. , Rolo Morelia R. , Cherwonogrodzky John W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of a double agar gel immunodiffusion (Ouchterlony) test that contained a polysaccharide (poly-B) antigen of Brucella melitensis strain B115 were compared with those of 5 other serotests. To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the immunodiffusion, standard tube, 2-mercaptoethanol, Rivanol, card, and complement fixation tests, sera obtained from 1,328 vaccinated, infected, and seronegative cattle, 56 of which had been examined bacteriologically, were used to evaluate the humoral response to Brucella sp. The poly-B antigen confirmed infection in 87.5% of the 56 cattle from which Brucella abortus biotype 1 had been isolated, and in 96.6% (205/212) of a group of cattle suspected to be infected on the basis of results of conventional serotests. Likewise, sera from 4 groups of vaccinated cattle did not react with poly-B antigen, whereas they did react in conventional tests. The poly-B antigen was more specific in detecting infected cattle even in a group of vaccinated adults. A useful strategy to identify infected cattle might be screening, using a combination of the Rivanol and card tests together with the agar-gel immunodiffusion test containing poly-B antigen.
Acute response of urine pH following ammonium chloride administration to dogs
Authors: Shaw Darcy H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To test the acidifying ability of the distal portion of the nephrons in healthy dogs, 0.2 g of NH4Cl/kg of body weight was given PO. Samples for venous blood gas analysis and urine pH were taken hourly for 6 hours. Systemic acidemia developed, as evidenced by a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease in blood pH 1 hour after NH4C1 administration. Four hours after administration, mean urine pH decreased to a low of 5.16 ± 0.1 and was < 5.5 3 hours after administration. Changes in urine pH 2 hours after administration were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In human beings, NH4C1 loading is used to detect patients with distal renal tubular acidosis (defective hydrogen ion secretion by the distal nephrons) and normal acid/base values. Distal renal tubular acidosis is diagnosed if urine pH fails to decrease to < 5.5 after NH4C1 administration. On the basis of the findings of this study, a similar value would be valid for dogs.
Effects of lipoxygenase inhibitors in a model of lens-induced uveitis in dogs
Authors: Dziezyc Joan , Millichamp Nicholas J. , Rohde Brooks H. , Baker Joshua S. , Chiou George C. Y. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Uveitis was induced in dogs by intracameral injection of canine lens protein. The lipoxygenase inhibitors phenidone and norhydroguaiaretic acid, and dimethyl sulfoxide decreased fibrin production at 0.5 and 1 hour after induction of uveitis. Phenidone and norhydroguaiaretic acid also inhibited the initial increase in intraocular pressure early in the course of inflammation. Leukotriene B4 in the aqueous was measured by inflamation use of radioimmunoassay at 1 hour after inflammation. In control dogs, 230 to 1,700 pg of leukotriene B4/ml was measured; in dogs treated with phenidone, leukotriene B4 was not measured.
Role of parathyroid hormone in the anemia of chronic terminal renal dysfunction in dogs
Authors: Petrites-Murphy M. B. , Pierce Kenneth R. , Lowry Stephen R. , Fisher James W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Terminal renal dysfunction (trd) was induced in 2 groups of dogs by partial surgical ablation of the kidney. Dogs of a control group and of 1 of the trd groups were maintained on a diet containing normal phosphorus concentration, whereas dogs of the other trd group were maintained on a low-phosphorus diet. Mild anemia developed in dogs of both trd groups and could not be attributed to iron deficiency, increased erthrocyte concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, or absolute deficiency of erythropoietin (ep).
Subsequently, all dogs were acutely depleted of approximately 25% of their blood volume. Erythropoietin concentration in dogs of the trd groups was lower than that of controls, however, erythroid regenerative capacity was comparable with that of control dogs when plasma parathyroid hormone (pth) concentration was lowered by reduced dietary intake of phosphorus.
The PCV in dogs of the chronic trd groups had a slight positive correlation with serum ep concentration, and a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation with plasma pth and serum phosphorus and creatinine concentrations, using a correlation matrix. There was no longer a significant correlation between plasma pth concentration and PCV after controlling for serum creatinine concentration by use of a multiple linear regression analysis. A significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation also was observed between plasma pth and serum ep concentrations, but not between serum ep and phosphorus or creatinine concentrations. Significance of the ep and pth association was reduced when analyzed, using a multiple linear regression analysis that included serum creatinine values. According to these data, pth does have an independent effect on ep concentration, but the relationship between pth and ep is not sufficiently strong to account for the genesis of the anemia of chronic trd.
Aortic catheterization in cattle via the costoabdominal artery and validation for progesterone and estradiol-17β sample collection
Authors: Haibel George K. , Guilbault Louis A. , Villeneuve Paul , Thatcher William W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The abdominal portion of the aorta was catherized in 27 cows. Local analgesia was achieved by infiltration of anesthetic agents. A 10-cm skin incision was made caudal and parallel to the 13th rib at the lateral border of the epaxial muscles. The dorsal costoabdominal arteiy was exposed at its first lateral cutaneous branch by careful dissection through fascial layers. A sterile polyvinyl catheter (1.52 mm od) was inserted into the artery and was advanced 35 to 40 cm to the abdominal portion of the aorta. Catheter patency was maintained for up to 5 weeks. Concentrations of plasma progesterone and estradiol-170 in samples obtained from the abdominal portion of the aorta were similar to simultaneously obtained concentrations in samples from the jugular vein before and after parturition.
Prevalence of bovid herpesvirus-4 and its antibody in cattle in Minnesota
Authors: Naeem Khalid , Goyal Sagar M. , Werdin Ronald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serologic analyses and virus isolation studies were carried out to determine the role of bovid herpesvirus-4 (bhv- 4) in infections in cattle, principally those of the reproductive tract. Serologic analyses were performed, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test on thoracic fluid specimens from aborted fetuses and on sera from 3 sources of adult cattle. Virus isolation was attempted from field cases of abortion, early embryo death, and postpartum vulvovaginitis/metritis, using uterine discharge and buffy coat preparations obtained from cows and tissues obtained from aborted fetuses. Of 420 fetal thoracic fluid specimens examined, 5 were positive for bhv-4 antibodies. Seventeen percent of adult cattle from 2 sources ie, clinically normal herds and abattoir cattle, were seropositive for bhv-4 antibodies. Cattle from a third source, 4 herds with high incidence of reproductive tract disorders, had a seroprevalence rate between 36 and 88%. Two isolates of bhv-4 were also obtained from this group. The overall incidence of bhv-4 antibodies in clinically normal cattle was higher than previously recognized, with relatively higher prevalence in herds having reproductive problems (x2 = 156.5, P < 0.005). At least 10% of the bhv-4 antibody-positive sera did not have neutralizing antibody against bovine viral diarrhea virus and/or bovid herpesvirus-1, both important causes of bovine reproductive tract disorders.
Monthly prevalence (in 1986) of antibody titers against equine monocytic ehrlichiosis in apparently healthy horses in Illinois
Authors: Goetz Thomas E. , Holland Cynthia J. , Dawson Jacqueline E. , Ristic Miodrag , Skibbe Kimberly , Keegan Kevin G. , Johnson Philip J. , Schaeffer David J. , Baker Gordon J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The seroprevalence and seasonal trend of antibody titers against equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever) were determined in apparently healthy horses in selected areas of Illinois in 1986.
Sera from 1,367 horses (6 months to 29 years old) were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against Ehrlichia risticii with indirect immunofluorescence. The majority 88%) of the horses were Thoroughbred or Standardbred racehorses. The number of horses with antibodies against E risticii was 229/1,367 (16.75%). The titers in these horses ranged from 1:10 to 1:640. As the year progressed, the number of seropositive horses (titers ≥ 1:10) and the magnitude of the titers increased significantly, both reaching maximum intite Jursly increased and August, respectively (P < 0.05 A relationship between seropositivity and gender was not detected. In the year prior to sampling, 56.8 % of the seropositive horses had not been ill whereas 0.8% had diarrhea, an episode of acute abdominal pain, or laminitis.
It was concluded that a large number of horses in Illinois are exposed to E risticii, that maximal exposure occurs in July, and that the most common form of the disease in Illinois is not associated with clinical signs.
Controlled test and clinical evaluation of dienbendazole against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies
Authors: Bello Thomas R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A controlled test was performed to titrate the anthelmintic dosage of dienbendazole in 24 mixed-breed ponies naturally infected with Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, and small strongyle species, as determined by parasitic egg and larval counts in feces. Comparison of results of treatment was made among 3 dienbendazole dosages- 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight-and a gum (excipient) mixture given by nasogastric intubation. All ponies were euthanatized and necropsied at 7 or 8 days after treatment.
Trichostrongylus axei, Habronema muscae, S vulgaris, S edentatus, small strongyles, and Oxyuris equi were efficaciously eliminated in response to all doses of dienbendazole; Gasterophilus spp were not affected by any dose. There were not sufficient numbers of Draschia megastoma, Anoplocephala spp, or Parascaris equorum in the ponies to evaluate drug effect.
Changes in the appearance of the intestinal lining were dose-dependent; in the ponies treated with 5 and 10 mg of dienbendazole/kg, the mucosa appeared clean and smooth, though in ponies given 2.5 mg/kg, it appeared clean, but was nodular and moderately reactive to embedded immature small strongyles. In the gum mixture- treated ponies, the large intestinal mucosa was inflamed, with edematous areas, in response to infections caused by large and small strongyles.
A limited clinical titration was done in 12 ponies that were fecal culture negative for S vulgaris larvae, although other strongyles were detected. Two ponies in each of 6 groups were given the following dosages: 0 (gum mixture only), 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg of dienbendazole/kg. One group of 2 ponies was given 5 mg of fenbendazole/kg as a standard treatment control. On the basis of pre- and posttreatment fecal examinations (for egg and larval counts), dienbendazole at dosages that ranged from 1 to 5 mg/kg was highly effective and as effective as fenben- dazole given at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Small strongyles were most responsive to fenbendazole and dienbendazole at all dosages. Egg production by S edentatus was eliminated by administration of fenbendazole and dienbendazole (at dosages of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg). Administration of dienbendazole at a dosage of 1 mg/kg resulted in partial elimination of S edentatus egg production. Trichostrongylus axei egg production was eliminated by administration of dienbendazole at dosages of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, but not by the administration of 1 mg/kg. Parascaris equorum egg production was eliminated from the single infected pony given dienbendazole at a dosage of 5 mg/kg.
Effects of dexamethasone on shedding of Listeria monocytogenes in dairy cattle
Authors: Wesley Irene V. , Bryner John H. , Van Der Maaten Martin J. , Kehrli Marcus 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten lactating Holstein cows that had been given multiple injections of Listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4B, Scott A strain) via the intramammary route were allotted to 2 groups: group 1 (n = 5) was treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg of body weight), for 3 consecutive days, and group 2 (n = 5) 5 served as controls. Two days after the initial dexamethasone injection, the number of L monocytogenes in the milk had increased nearly 15-fold (1.16 log10) over pretreatment values. On day 3, Listeria numbers in the milk had increased by 1.83 log10, compared with pretreatment values. By day 4, Listeria numbers in the milk were approximately 100-fold (2.03 log10) greater than pretreatment numbers. Numbers remained high through day 7 and, by day 11, approached pretreatment numbers. Dexamethasone administration was accompanied by high total wbc and milk somatic cell counts and decreased eosinophil and lymphocyte numbers, and decreased milk production. The increase in shedding of L monocytogenes in the milk may reflect impairment of cell-mediated immune mechanisms and phagocytic cell functions that are critical for sustaining listerial immunity.
Genetic and serologic analysis of feline cell-associated herpesvirus-induced infection of the urinary tract in conventionally reared cats
Authors: Kruger John M. , Osborne Carl A. , Whetstone Cecelia A. , Goyal Sagar M. , Semlak Ruth A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The genetic and antigenic nature of feline cell-associated herpesvirus (Fecahv) was characterized by use of dna restriction endonuclease analysis, and direct and indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) techniques. Serologic responses of 6 conventionally reared cats with induced Fecahv urinary tract infection were retrospectively evaluated, using an indirect fa test. The EcoRI, HindIII, and Pst I restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of Fecahv dna were similar to those of bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4; DN599 strain) dna. Specific fluorescence was observed when Fecahv-inoculated cell monolayers were reacted with fluorescein-conjugated bhv-4 (DN599 strain) antiserum. Conversely, specific fluorescence was also observed when feline anti-Fecahv serum and fluorescein-conjugated caprine anti-feline IgG was reacted with bhv-4 (DN599 strain)-infected cell monolayers. At postinoculation week 10, serum antibody titer in cats with Fecahv-induced urinary tract infection ranged from 1:2,560 to 1:10,240, as measured by use of indirect fa testing.
It was concluded that Fecahv is a member of the bhv-4 group. In addition, the Fecahv indirect fa test provides a sensitive and specific means of evaluating Fecahv antibody concentration in exposed cats.
Infectivity and antigenicity of Anaplasma marginale from tick cell culture
Authors: Hidalgo R. J. , Palmer G. H. , Jones E. W. , Brown J. E. , Ainsworth A. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The infectivity and immunogenicity of Anaplasma marginale grown in a tick cell culture from embryonic Dermacentor variabilis ticks were assessed in splenectomized and intact calves, respectively. Culture 1 consisted of the cell line inoculated with midguts of adult ticks infected with the Mississippi isolate of A marginale and dissected 5 to 10 days after repletion and detachment from an experimentally infected calf. Cultures 2 and 3 consisted of the cell line inoculated with midguts of ticks infected with the Virginia isolate of the organism. Inoculum for culture 2 was derived from nymphal ticks dissected 5 to 10 days after repletion and detachment from the infected calf; inoculum for culture 3 was midguts from adult ticks that were fed as nymphs, allowed to molt in the laboratory and dissected 21 to 24 days after molting. In trial 1, cultures 1, 2, and 3 were maintained at pH 6.9 and incubated at 28 C; in trial 2, cultures 1 and 3 were maintained at pH 7.4 and incubated at either 28 C or 37 C. Cultures 1, 2, and 3 failed to induce infection when injected iv and sc into 6 calves in 2 separate trials. Prechallenge sera from these calves reacted with 2 purified Anaplasma antigens in the elisa, but failed to react in the complement-fixation test.
Results of a trial to use cultures 1 and 3 in combination with an oil-in-water adjuvant to immunize intact calves against A marginale were inconclusive. However, prechallenge sera from immunized calves reacted with the 2 purified Anaplasma initial body antigens in the elisa but failed to react in the complement-fixation text. When reacted against electrophoretically separated A marginale initial body proteins disrupted by sodium dodecyl sulfate, prechallenge serums from calves used in infectivity and immunization trials reacted with a majority of the antigens precipitated by an animal experimentally infected by inoculation of infected blood. This offers additional evidence that A marginale was maintained in the tick culture for up to 11 months and that the organism in culture had antigens similar, if not identical, to the erythrocytic stage of the rickettsial agent. The importance of the laboratory culture of A marginale is discussed.
Assessment of canine intestinal permeability, using 51Cr-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Authors: Hall Edward J. , Batt Roger M. , Brown Aileen 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The 51Cr-labeled edta was validated as a suitable permeability probe in dogs for measurmmnnt of passive, unmediated diffusion across intestinal mucosa via intercellular pathways. The 51Cr-labeled edta was stable in aqueous solution and did not bind to biologic tissue and fluids. After incubation of 51Cr-labeled edta in isolated jejunal loops, analytic subcellular fractionation of jejunal mucosa on reorientating sucrose-density gradients was performed, and no association of 51Cr-labeled edta with particulate intracellular organelles was detected. Intravenously administered 51Cr-labeled edta was rapidly and completely excreted in urine.
Intestinal permeability to 51Cr-labeled edta after oral administration was assessed in healthy dogs. The percentage of the administered dose of 51Cr-labeled edta excreted in the urine in 24 hours ranged from 2.3 to 17.6% (median, 13%).