bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Liquid-Applied Waterproofing Specialty Subcontractors in the Construction of Plaza Deck Systems
Authors: Thorpe LC 
Published: March 2009

The chosen role in the construction process of a waterproofing specialty subcontractor requires the knowledge, understanding, and cooperation of the entire construction team for the successful installation of a deck system.
The waterproofing subcontractor must utilize unskilled or undereducated personnel who, with an intense individualized training program, can become expert journeyman highly skilled in one small segment of the construction process.
His people must interface with the tradesmen of other specialty subcontractors: cement finishers, plumbers, electricians, laborers, brickmasons, iron workers, etc., with the desired goal of a successful plaza deck.
He must function under the constraints of innumerable local, state, and federal governmental regulations: OSHA, EEO, FTC, NLRB, ad infinitum.
In the face of these terms and conditions he still must be the low bidder! He must use his acquired expertise to operate successfully, pay his people, pay his suppliers, pay his taxes, and pay himself by having a profit-making organization.
It is the intent of this paper to show how a specialty subcontractor operates in the intense, highly competitive world of contract construction by selecting a very narrow band of the construction profession.
Automated Damage Testing Facility for Excimer Laser Optics
Authors: Mann K , Gerhardt H 
Published: March 2009

A set-up for automated measurement of damage thresholds on UV optical components is presented, being part of the EUREKA program “High Power Excimer Lasers”. It includes on-line monitoring of probe beam parameters as well as sample condition, using digital image processing techniques for both laser beam profiling and high sensitivity damage detection. The latter is performed with a video microscopy system by pixel-to-pixel comparison of the video frames taken before and after the test laser pulse.
Along with a description of the experimental details for routine automated data acquisition, results of damage threshold measurements on bare UV substrates at 248 nm are presented, showing a clear correlation with the amount of absorbed radiation at this wavelength. On dielectric coatings strong evidence for impurity dominated defect generation is found.
Architectural Design Challenges for Sealant Technology and Design Standards
Authors: Yanoviak AC 
Published: March 2009

A historical overview with specific examples of challenges presented by architects and architectural designers for building owners, contractors, suppliers, manufacturers, and formulators of design standards for seals and sealants and glazing systems. A historical trace of technological responses and product solutions to field challenges and problems. Specific examples of developments in applications technology as it relates to various materials used to seal the building exterior. Reflective hindsights, insights, and foresights on the needs for quality performance and design standards in the construction industry. Brief references to the applicable building codes and standards and their development in the area of building seals and sealants.
An illustrated slide lecture presentation of completed successful works of architecture, and product useage misapplication problems. Creative and innovative design challenges presented by architects making an “expressive statement”. Inventive technological responses to these challenges by manufacturers of seals and building sealants and glazing systems. Examples of innovative products produced by research and design teams within industry which have advanced architectural design technology. Certain examples of water leakage problems on highrise construction in Hawaii regarding glazing systems for window walls and curtain walls.
Evaluation of an Atmospheric Damage Function for Galvanized Steel
Authors: Haynie FH , Spence JW , Lipfert FW , Cramer SD , McDonald LG 
Published: March 2009

A model for corrosion of zinc based on competing mechanisms of the formation and dissolution of a protective film of basic zinc carbonate was evaluated. The model consists of a diffusivity term (ions through the film) which controls the buildup of a protective film and a solubilization term which controls the rate of dissolution of the film. The model was evaluated by using comprehensive data collected from field experiments designed to separate the effects of wet and dry acid deposition from normal weathering effects such as clean rain, temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. These data were used primarily to evaluate the theoretically calculated components of the dissolution rate term because after about three years it becomes the rate upon which long-term corrosion behavior may be predicted. The model was also evaluated with respect to historical long-term data for different shapes and sizes of galvanized products.
The field data used in this evaluation were found to be consistent with values predicted by the model. Thus, the model can be used with reasonable confidence to predict long-term corrosion behavior of different structures in real environments if those environments are properly described.
Review of Laboratory Corrosion Tests and Standards
Authors: Haynes G 
Published: March 2009

ASTM Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory Corrosion Tests currently has nine task groups working on the development of new standards and revisions of its existing 13 standards. Revisions to existing test methods and practices often have been overlooked, resulting in confusion regarding compliance with the standards. This paper highlights the changes that have been made in existing standards over the last ten years. Problems and misconceptions associated with existing standards such as the salt spray test are discussed.
Particular attention is paid to corrosion testing of electronic materials and modified salt spray testing. The former is the topic of a draft proposal in ISO, while standardization of the latter has been fragmented. The need for a coherent approach to standardization of salt spray tests is discussed. Round-robin data showing the interlaboratory reproducibility of the salt spray test are presented.
Complementation and Epistasis in Viral Coinfection Dynamics
Authors: Gao Hong , Feldman Marcus W 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Coinfection in RNA virus populations results in two important phenomena, complementation and recombination. Of the two, complementation has a strong effect on selection against deleterious mutations, as has been confirmed in earlier studies. As complementation delays the purging of less-fit mutations, coinfection may be detrimental to the evolution of a virus population. Here we employ both deterministic modeling and stochastic simulation to explore the mechanisms underlying the interactions between complementation and other evolutionary factors, namely, mutation, selection, and epistasis. We find that strong complementation reduces slightly the overall fitness of a virus population but substantially enhances its diversity and robustness, especially when interacting with selection and epistasis.
Genetic Identification of Factors That Modulate Ribosomal DNA Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hontz Robert D , Niederer Rachel O , Johnson Joseph M , Smith Jeffrey S 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed from the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes by RNA polymerase I (Pol I). Despite being responsible for the majority of transcription in growing cells, Pol I regulation is poorly understood compared to Pol II. To gain new insights into rDNA transcriptional regulation, we developed a genetic assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that detects alterations in transcription from the centromere-proximal rDNA gene of the tandem array. Changes in Pol I transcription at this gene alter the expression of an adjacent, modified URA3 reporter cassette (mURA3) such that reductions in Pol I transcription induce growth on synthetic media lacking uracil. Increases in Pol I transcription induce growth on media containing 5-FOA. A transposon mutagenesis screen was performed with the reporter strain to identify genes that play a role in modulating rDNA transcription. Mutations in 68 different genes were identified, several of which were already known to function in chromatin modification and the regulation of Pol II transcription. Among the other classes of genes were those encoding proteasome subunits and multiple kinases and phosphatases that function in nutrient and stress signaling pathways. Fourteen genes were previously uncharacterized and have been named as regulators of rDNA transcription (RRT).
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping With Multivariate Sparse Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Chun Hyonho , Keleş Sündüz 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping concerns finding genomic variation to elucidate variation of expression traits. This problem poses significant challenges due to high dimensionality of both the gene expression and the genomic marker data. We propose a multivariate response regression approach with simultaneous variable selection and dimension reduction for the eQTL mapping problem. Transcripts with similar expression are clustered into groups, and their expression profiles are viewed as a multivariate response. Then, we employ our recently developed sparse partial least-squares regression methodology to select markers associated with each cluster of genes. We demonstrate with extensive simulations that our eQTL mapping with multivariate response sparse partial least-squares regression (M-SPLS eQTL) method overcomes the issue of multiple transcript- or marker-specific analyses, thereby avoiding potential elevation of type I error. Additionally, joint analysis of multiple transcripts by multivariate response regression increases power for detecting weak linkages. We illustrate that M-SPLS eQTL compares competitively with other approaches and has a number of significant advantages, including the ability to handle highly correlated genotype data and computational efficiency. We provide an application of this methodology to a mouse data set concerning obesity and diabetes.
DinB Upregulation Is the Sole Role of the SOS Response in Stress-Induced Mutagenesis inEscherichia coli
Authors: Galhardo Rodrigo S , Do Robert , Yamada Masami , Friedberg Errol C , Hastings P J , Nohmi Takehiko , Rosenberg Susan M 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStress-induced mutagenesis is a collection of mechanisms observed in bacterial, yeast, and human cells in which adverse conditions provoke mutagenesis, often under the control of stress responses. Control of mutagenesis by stress responses may accelerate evolution specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e., are stressed. It is therefore important to understand how stress responses increase mutagenesis. In the Escherichia coli Lac assay, stress-induced point mutagenesis requires induction of at least two stress responses: the RpoS-controlled general/starvation stress response and the SOS DNA-damage response, both of which upregulate DinB error-prone DNA polymerase, among other genes required for Lac mutagenesis. We show that upregulation of DinB is the only aspect of the SOS response needed for stress-induced mutagenesis. We constructed two dinB(oc) (operator-constitutive) mutants. Both produce SOS-induced levels of DinB constitutively. We find that both dinB(oc) alleles fully suppress the phenotype of constitutively SOS-“off” lexA(Ind−) mutant cells, restoring normal levels of stress-induced mutagenesis. Thus, dinB is the only SOS gene required at induced levels for stress-induced point mutagenesis. Furthermore, although spontaneous SOS induction has been observed to occur in only a small fraction of cells, upregulation of dinB by the dinB(oc) alleles in all cells does not promote a further increase in mutagenesis, implying that SOS induction of DinB, although necessary, is insufficient to differentiate cells into a hypermutable condition.
Understanding the Relationship Between Age and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Haymart Megan R. 
Published: March 2009

Learning Objectives
Evaluate age as a unique prognostic indicator for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Explain the relationship between advanced age and poor prognosis. Tailor treatment based on patient age and other risk factors.
This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
Protective effect of L-carnitine against cisplatin-induced liver and kidney oxidant injury in rats
Authors: Cayir Kerim , Karadeniz Ali , Yildirim Abdulkadir , Kalkan Yildiray , Karakoc Akar , Keles Mustafa , Tekin Salim 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of L-carnitine (LC) on changes in the levels of lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidants induced by cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, CDDP) in the liver and kidney tissues of rats. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups of six rats each: control, cisplatin, L-carnitine, and L-carnitine plus cisplatin. The degree of protection produced by L-carnitine was evaluated by determining the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). The activity of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated from liver and kidney homogenates, and the liver and kidney were histologically examined as well. L-carnitine elicited significant liver and kidney protective activity by decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and elevating the activity of GSH, GSHPx, GST, and SOD. Furthermore, these biochemical observations were supported by histological findings. In conclusion, the present study indicates a significant role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their relation to liver and kidney dysfunction, and points to the therapeutic potential of LC in CDDP-induced liver and kidney toxicity.
A case of Nicolau syndrome treated with hyperbaric oxygen
Authors: Yildiz Cemil , Özkan Hüseyin , Ay Hakan , Yurttaş Yuksel , Bilgic Sekan , Şimşek Kemal , Başbozkurt Mustafa 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
A 3-year-old boy with a Nicolau Syndrome (NS) on the left side of the body and the limbs after benzathine penicilline injection is reported. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first report of hyperbaric oxygen used in the late treatment of NS preventing the progress of the necrosis and therefore limiting the amputation level.
Physical Therapists' Use of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults With Chronic Pain: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Beissner Katherine , Henderson Charles R , Papaleontiou Maria , Olkhovskaya Yelena , Wigglesworth Janet , Reid MC 
Published: March 2009

Background
Increasing evidence supports the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for patients with chronic pain.

Objective
This study determined whether physical therapists incorporate CBT techniques (eg, relaxation, activity pacing) when treating older patients with chronic pain, ascertained their interest in and barriers to using CBT, and identified participant-related factors associated with interest in CBT.

Design
This cross-sectional study used a telephone survey.

Methods
One hundred fifty-two members of the Geriatrics and Orthopaedics sections of the American Physical Therapy Association completed the survey. Associations between participant-related factors and interest in CBT were assessed in statistical general linear models.

Results
Commonly used CBT interventions included activity pacing and pleasurable activity scheduling, frequently used by 81% and 30% of the respondents, respectively. Non-CBT treatments included exercises focusing on joint stability (94%) and mobility (94%), and strengthening and stretching programs (91%). Respondents' overall interest in CBT techniques was 12.70 (SD=3.4, scale range=5–20). Barriers to use of CBT included lack of knowledge of and skill in the techniques, reimbursement concerns, and time constraints. Practice type and the interaction of percentage of patients with pain and educational degree of the physical therapist were independently associated with provider interest in CBT in a general linear model that also included 6 other variables specified a priori.

Limitations
Data are based on self-report without regard to treatment emphasis.

Conclusions
Although only a minority of physical therapists reported use of some CBT techniques when treating older patients with chronic pain, their interest in incorporating these techniques into practice is substantial. Concerns with their skill level using the techniques, time constraints, and reimbursement constitute barriers to use of the interventions.
Interventions Associated With an Increased or Decreased Likelihood of Pain Reduction and Improved Function in Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jewell Dianne V , Riddle Daniel L , Thacker Leroy R 
Published: March 2009

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether physical therapy interventions predicted meaningful short-term improvement in 4 measures of physical health, pain, and function for patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis.ParticipantsData were examined from 2,370 patients (mean age=55.3 years, SD=12.4; 65% female, 35% male) classified into ICD-9 code 726.0 who had completed an episode of outpatient physical therapy.MethodsPrincipal components factor analysis was used to define intervention categories from specific treatments applied during the episode of care. A nested logistic regression model was used to identify intervention categories that predicted a 50% or greater change in Physical Component Summary-12 (PCS-12), physical function (PF), bodily pain (BP), and hybrid function (HF) scores.ResultsNone of the patients achieved a 50% or greater improvement in PCS-12 scores. Improvement in BP scores was more likely in patients who received joint mobility interventions (odds ratio=1.35, 95% confidence interval=1.10–1.65). Improvement in HF scores was more likely in patients who received exercise interventions (odds ratio=1.50, 95% confidence interval=1.03–2.17). Use of iontophoresis, phonophoresis, ultrasound, or massage reduced the likelihood of improvement in these 3 outcome measures by 19% to 32%.LimitationsThe authors relied on clinician-identified ICD-9 coding for the diagnosis. Impairment measures were not available to support the diagnosis, and some interventions were excluded because of infrequent use by participating therapists.Discussion and ConclusionsThese results are consistent with findings from randomized clinical trials that demonstrated the effectiveness of joint mobilization and exercise for patients with adhesive capsulitis. Ultrasound, massage, iontophoresis, and phonophoresis reduced the likelihood of a favorable outcome, which suggests that use of these modalities should be discouraged.
Searching the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) Resources for Information on Mouse Biology from Genotype to Phenotype
Authors: Shaw David R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) resource provides the research community with access to information on the genetics, genomics, and biology of the laboratory mouse. Core data in MGI include gene characterization and function, phenotype and disease model descriptions, DNA and protein sequence data, gene expression data, mammalian orthologies, SNPs and PCR polymorphisms, mapping data, and links to other bioinformatics databases. Data integration is supported through the use of standardized nomenclature, and through the use of controlled vocabularies such as the mouse Anatomical Dictionary, the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology, and the Gene Ontologies. MGI extracts and organizes data from primary literature. MGI data are shared with and widely displayed from other bioinformatics resources. The database is updated nightly with curated annotations, and regularly adds new datasets. This unit provides a guide to using the MGI bioinformatics resource. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 25:1.7.1‐1.7.14. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
De Novo Interpretation of Tandem Mass Spectra
Authors: Ma Bin , Lajoie Gilles 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDe novo sequencing is an effective method for identifying unknown peptide sequences from their tandem mass spectra. This unit briefly introduces how this can be done manually. A protocol for using the PEAKS online software for automated de novo sequencing is described. Finally, we show how to use the PEAKS scores to validate the de novo sequencing results. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 25:13.10.1‐13.10.8. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploring Human Metabolites Using the Human Metabolome Database
Authors: Forsythe Ian J. , Wishart David S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) is a Web‐based bioinformatic/cheminformatic resource with detailed information about human metabolites and metabolic enzymes. It can be used for fields of study including metabolomics, biochemistry, clinical chemistry, biomarker discovery, medicine, nutrition, and general education. In addition to its comprehensive literature‐derived data, the HMDB contains an extensive collection of experimental metabolite concentration data for plasma, urine, CSF, and/or other biofluids The HMDB is fully searchable, with many tools for viewing, sorting and extracting metabolite names, chemical structures, biofluid concentrations, enzymes, genes, NMR or MS spectra, and disease information. Each metabolite entry in the HMDB contains an average of 90 separate data fields including a comprehensive compound description, names and synonyms, chemical structure information, physico‐chemical data, reference NMR and MS spectra, normal and abnormal biofluid concentrations, tissue locations, disease associations, pathway information, enzyme data, gene sequence data, and SNP and mutation data, as well as extensive links to images, references and other public databases. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 25:14.8.1‐14.8.45. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Approximation Theory
Authors: Cuyt Annie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn approximation theory, one distinguishes between interpolation and so‐called least‐squares problems. In the former, one wants the approximate model to take exactly the same values as prescribed by given data at some argument values. In the latter, a set of data is regarded as a trend and is approximated by a simple model in the best sense. The difference will be formalized in the next section.In the sequel of the presentation, we limit ourselves to a description of one‐dimensional approximation problems. Although the growth in computer power allows for the study of more and more complex models and simulations, the theory of several more‐dimensional approximation problems is still not sufficiently complete. We will indicate where up‐to‐date literature on the more‐dimensional generalizations can be found.
Backtracking
Authors: Lynce Inês , Manquinho Vasco , Marques‐Silva João 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBacktracking search algorithms are commonly used to solve a wide range of decision and optimization problems. Backtracking has the advantage of potentially requiring a search tree with less nodes, when compared with a brute force algorithm. For further reducing the search tree size, constraint propagation can be used to remove inconsistent assignments. In addition, when solving optimization problems, backtracking may be adapted to take into account the value of the objective function. As soon as a partial assignment cannot be extended to a solution that is better than the best solution found so far, the algorithm backtracks. Another technique used to improve backtracking performance is learning. Learning is performed whenever a conflict is found, and it serves to prevent similar conflicts in the future. Learning may also be used to backtrack nonchronologically, thus not exploring irrelevant parts of the search tree.