bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Current Plasma Spraying: Diagnostics and Process Simulation
Authors: Vardelle A. , Fauchais P. , Vardelle M. , Mariaux G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper presents our current knowledge in direct current (d.c.) plasma spraying with conventional stick‐type cathode plasma torches. It deals with the experimental methods and models used to better understand and /or control the characteristics of plasma jet, particles in‐flight and at impact. The first part refers to measurements and on‐line monitoring or control. The emphasis is on (i) the effect of arc root fluctuations and electrode wear on particle treatment and coating formation; (ii) the drastic importance of the interface between the flattening particles and substrate. The second part examines the models used to predict gas flow field and particle parameter distributions at impact. It presents: (i) steady and 2‐D models that allow optimal experimental design with a limited number of experiments as well as education and training; (ii) 3‐D and time dependent models that make it possible to take account of the arc root fluctuation at the anode and a stochastic and time‐dependent particle injection description.
Recent Developments and Potential Applications of Cold Spraying
Authors: Gärtner F. , Schmidt T. , Stoltenhoff T. , Kreye H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWhereas coating formation in thermal spraying is related to complete or partial melting of the feedstock material, bonding in cold spraying occurs only due to the high kinetic energy upon particle impact. Thus, undesired thermal effects on the spray material can be avoided, making the method suitable to retain properties of the feedstock powder in cold sprayed coatings and unlocking new potentials for metal powder spraying. Since bonding occurs by high velocity impacts of solid particles, the description of bonding requests new concepts, which have to be linked to conditions to reach maximum acceleration. The evaluation of such concepts supplies more general tools to predict necessary requirements for cold spraying of metallic materials and to tune optimum spray conditions.
Cover Picture: Advanced Homogenization Strategies in Material Modeling of Thermally Sprayed TBCs (Adv. Eng. Mater. 7/2006)
Authors: Bobzin K. , Lugscheider E. , Nickel R. , Kashko T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe cover shows the results of FEM models used for advanced homogenization strategies in material modeling of thermally sprayed TBCs. More on this topic can be found in the article by K. Bobzin et al. on page 663.
Experimental and computational studies of membrane extraction of Cu(II)
Authors: Yang Qian , Jiang Jianwen , Chung Tai‐Shung , Kocherginsky Nikolai M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis article has been retracted due to an issue with its authorship. Please see Letter to the Editor at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122604534/abstract
The impact of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders on workers' caregiving activities
Authors: Franche Renée‐Louise , Pole Jason D. , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah , Vidmar Marjan , Breslin Curtis 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to describe and quantify the impact of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders on workers' caregiving activities.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in which a telephone survey was administered to 187 lost‐time workers' compensation claimants from Ontario, of whom 49.2% were women. Forty‐eight percent of the injured workers were providing unpaid care prior to the injury.ResultsInjured workers providing caregiving reported an average reduction in time spent in caregiving activities of 5.5 hr/week, 8 months post‐injury. A Sex X Return‐to‐work status ANCOVA was conducted with difference in caregiving hours as the dependent variable, and with the following covariates: Mean number of caregiving hours, comorbidities, site of injury, and education. Independent of weekly hours of caregiving, decreases in caregiving hours were significantly higher if the worker was a woman or had not returned to work.ConclusionsWork‐related musculoskeletal disorders have a significant impact on workers' time spent in unpaid caregiving activities, an example of the social consequences of occupational injuries. Occupational and caregiving roles are limited by work‐related disorders in a parallel fashion. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Socioeconomic status, particulate air pollution, and daily mortality: Differential exposure or differential susceptibility
Authors: Forastiere Francesco , Stafoggia Massimo , Tasco Carola , Picciotto Sally , Agabiti Nerina , Cesaroni Giulia , Perucci Carlo A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundShort‐term increases in particulate air pollution are linked with increased daily mortality and morbidity. Socioeconomic status (SES) is a determinant of overall health. We investigated whether social class is an effect modifier of the PM10 (particulate matter with diameter <10 micron)‐daily mortality association, and possible mechanisms for this effect modification.MethodsArea‐based traffic emissions, income, and SES were available for each resident in Rome. All natural deaths (83,253 subjects) occurring in Rome among city residents (aged 35+ years) during the period 1998–2001 were identified. For each deceased individual, all the previous hospitalizations within 2 years before death were available via a record linkage procedure. PM10 daily data were available from two urban monitoring sites. A case‐crossover analysis was utilized in which control days were selected according to the time stratified approach (same day of the week during the same month). Conditional logistic regression was used.ResultsDue to the social class distribution in the city, exposure to traffic emissions was higher among those with higher area‐based income and SES. Meanwhile, people of lower social class had suffered to a larger extent from chronic diseases before death than more affluent residents, especially diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Overall, PM10 (lag 0–1) was strongly associated with mortality (1.1% increase, 95%CI = 0.7–1.6%, per 10 µg/m3). The effect was more pronounced among persons with lower income and SES (1.9% and 1.4% per 10 µg/m3, respectively) compared to those in the upper income and SES levels (0.0% and 0.1%, respectively).ConclusionsThe results confirm previous suggestions of a stronger effect of particulate air pollution among people in low social class. Given the uneven geographical distributions of social deprivation and traffic emissions in Rome, the most likely explanation is a differential burden of chronic health conditions conferring a greater susceptibility to less advantaged people. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50: 208–216, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of protective filters on fire fighter respiratory health during simulated bushfire smoke exposure
Authors: De Vos Annemarie J.B.M. , Cook Angus , Devine Brian , Thompson Philip J. , Weinstein Philip 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundBushfire fighters are potentially subject to risks from bushfire smoke. Although many different protective masks and filters are available, it is not clear which is the most effective from a health and safety perspective. The effect of protective filters on the respiratory health of Western Australian urban career fire fighters under controlled simulated conditions is investigated.MethodsSixty‐four healthy Fire and Emergency Services Authority of Western Australia (FESA) urban career fire fighters were subjected to controlled simulated bushfire smoke in an open smoke chamber for 15 min. The fire fighters were allocated one of the three types of protective filters: particulate only (P), particulate/organic vapor (POV), and a particulate/organic vapor/formaldehyde (POVF) filter using a double‐blind randomized procedure. Personal air sampling inside the fire fighters' masks, spirometry, oximetry, and self‐reported symptom data were collected at baseline and at two time intervals after the smoke exposure.ResultsA significant decline in oxygen saturation was seen immediately after exposure, however, the decline was small and no significant relationships could be established between this and the type of filter used. A significantly higher number of participants in the P and POV filter groups self‐reported an increase in coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath compared to the POVF group. Air sampling demonstrated a significantly higher level of formaldehyde and acrolein inside the masks fitted with P filters compared to POV and POVF filters.ConclusionsTesting the effectiveness of P, POV, and POVF filters under controlled conditions has demonstrated that the POVF filter provides statistically significant better protection for the fire fighters' airways in a simulated bushfire exposure chamber. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of the somatosensory cortex in elephant shrews (E. edwardii)
Authors: Dengler‐Crish Christine M. , Crish Samuel D. , O'Riain M. Justin , Catania Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe superorder Afrotheria consists of a diverse group of mammals, including elephants, hyraxes, dugongs, sea cows, aardvarks, tenrecs, golden moles, and elephant shrews. Recent studies suggest this clade diverged from other placental mammals 100 million years ago and thus may represent the sister group to the remaining placental mammals. Despite this important taxonomic position, relatively few studies have investigated cortical organization in these species. Here we present results of an investigation of the somatosensory cortex in the Cape elephant shrew (Elephantulus edwardii). Using multiunit electrophysiological recording techniques, we identified a topographic map of the elephant shrew's body in a location and orientation consistent with the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The elephant shrew's elongated snout, extensive facial vibrissae, and long tongue accounted for a large portion of the somatosensory representation, located in a relatively rostral area of cortex. Evidence for an additional somatosensory area, presumed to be secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), was found just lateral to S1. Visual and auditory responsive areas were also identified and the extent of visual cortex appeared to be quite large in these highly visual mammals. Despite the elephant shrew's exceptionally well‐developed eyes, ears, and vibrissae, there were no anatomical correlates to sensory areas, or body part representations (e.g., barrels), that could be identified in the flatted cortex. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:859–866, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meta-analysis of pancreaticojejunostomyversuspancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: McKay A , Mackenzie S , Sutherland F R , Bathe O F , Doig C , Dort J , Vollmer C M , Dixon E 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy is the primary treatment for periampullary cancer. Associated morbidity is high and often related to pancreatic anastomotic failure. This paper compares rates of pancreatic fistula, morbidity and mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients having reconstruction by pancreaticogastrostomy with those in patients having reconstruction by pancreaticojejunostomy.MethodsA meta-analysis was performed of all large cohort and randomized controlled trials carried out since 1990.ResultsEleven articles were identified for inclusion: one prospective randomized trial, two non-randomized prospective trials and eight observational cohort studies. The meta-analysis revealed a higher rate of pancreatic fistula associated with pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction (relative risk (RR) 2·62 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1·91 to 3·60)). A higher overall morbidity rate was also demonstrated in this group (RR 1·43 (95 per cent c.i. 1·26 to 1·61)), as was a higher mortality rate (RR 2·51 (95 per cent c.i. 1·61 to 3·91)).ConclusionCurrent literature suggests that the safer means of pancreatic reconstruction after pancreaticoduodenectomy is pancreaticogastrostomy, but much of the evidence comes from observational cohort study data.
Randomized clinical trial of the influence of local water-filtered infrared A irradiation on wound healing after abdominal surgery
Authors: Hartel M , Hoffmann G , Wente M N , Martignoni M E , Büchler M W , Friess H 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Postoperative local water-filtered infrared A (wIRA) irradiation improves tissue oxygen partial pressure, tissue perfusion and tissue temperature, which are important in wound healing.

Methods
The effect of wIRA irradiation on abdominal wound healing following elective gastrointestinal surgery was evaluated. Some 111 patients undergoing moderate to major abdominal surgery were randomized into one of two groups: wIRA and visible light irradiation (wIRA group) or visible light irradiation alone (control group). Uncovered wounds were irradiated twice a day for 20 min from days 2–10 after operation.

Results
Irradiation with wIRA improved postoperative wound healing in comparison to visible light irradiation alone. Main variables of interest were: wound healing assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) by the surgeon (median 88·6 versus 78·5 respectively; P &lt; 0·001) or patient (median 85·8 versus 81·0; P = 0·040), postoperative pain (median decrease in VAS score during irradiation 13·4 versus 0; P &lt; 0·001), subcutaneous oxygen tension after irradiation (median 41·6 versus 30·2 mmHg; P &lt; 0·001) and subcutaneous temperature after irradiation (median 38·9 versus 36·4 °C; P &lt; 0·001). The overall result, in terms of wound healing, pain and cosmesis, measured on a VAS by the surgeon (median 79·0 versus 46·8; P &lt; 0·001) or patient (79·0 versus 50·2; P &lt; 0·001) was better after wIRA irradiation.

Conclusion
Postoperative irradiation with wIRA can improve normal postoperative wound healing and may reduce costs in gastrointestinal surgery.
Systematic review of laparoscopic versus open surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Reza M M , Blasco J A , Andradas E , Cantero R , Mayol J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
This study compares the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery (LS) and open surgery (OS) for colorectal cancer.

Methods
An electronic search of the literature was undertaken to identify primary studies and systematic reviews. Information on the efficacy and safety of LS versus OS was analysed. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine long-term outcomes.

Results
A systematic review published in 2000 and 12 more recent randomized clinical trials were identified. Compared with OS, LS reduced blood loss and pain, and resulted in a faster return of bowel function and earlier resumption of normal diet. Hospital stay was up to 2 days shorter after LS. No significant differences between the techniques were noted in the incidence of complications or postoperative mortality. The time required to complete LS was significantly longer (0·5–1·0 h more). No significant differences were found between the two procedures in terms of overall mortality, cancer-related mortality or disease recurrence.

Conclusion
LS takes longer than OS but offers several short-term benefits. However, complication rates are similar for both procedures and no differences were found in long-term outcomes.
Brand placements Bollywood style
Authors: Nelson Michelle R , Devanathan Narayan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The globalization of media allows brand placements subtle ways to reach local and international consumers. This study examines Indians' responses to brand placements in a Bollywood film. Psychological processing of embedded brands was assessed by gauging the effects of film involvement and brand consciousness on recall. Film involvement showed an adverse effect on brand recall, while brand consciousness had a positive effect. Brand consciousness was also positively related to the notion that brand placements enhanced film realism, but was not related to attitudes toward product placement in general.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive anthropology and the problem‐solving behaviour of green consumers
Authors: Wagner‐Tsukamoto Sigmund , Tadajewski Mark 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
This paper examines the contextual aspects of problem‐solving behaviour of ‘green’, environmentally oriented consumers. It is argued that by profiling the consumer in cognitive terms, a more robust understanding of green consumer behaviour can be provided.
To illustrate this, we draw upon the cognitive anthropological concepts of practical thinking and bricolage. These are used to integrate ‘context’ into a model of cognition via qualitative, interview‐based research which examined how consumers assess the environmental friendliness of supermarket products.
In order to increase external validity two respondent groups were compared, British and German consumers. Different levels of successful and unsuccessful practical thinking and bricolage were identified.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of counterfeiting on consumer search
Authors: Gentry James W , Putrevu Sanjay , Shultz Clifford J 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Counterfeit products and the brand pirates who make, distribute, and sell them continue to be a challenge for many marketers around the globe. Estimates of global sales for bogus products are in the hundreds of billions of dollars and recent evidence suggests that fakes are prevalent in both developed and developing countries. We investigate brand/product counterfeiting from a consumer search perspective. As the quality of counterfeits improves, it is becoming more difficult for the consumer to identify them. Interviews with 102 international informants yield a picture of the cues consumers use to detect counterfeits and the roles of face and taste in decisions to purchase or not to purchase fake goods. We conclude with a discussion of some managerial implications.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer perception of salesperson influence strategies: an examination of the influence of consumer goals
Authors: Mallalieu Lynnea 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Consumers regularly interact with retail salespeople in order to make purchases across a wide range of products and services. Retail sales encounters occur on a daily basis yet we know little about these complex interactions, especially from the consumer's perspective in terms of his or her perceptions with regard to these types of persuasive attempts. Understanding consumer perceptions is an important precursor to understanding consumer behavior during retail sales encounters. In three experiments subjects' perceptions of specific influence strategies were measured with regard to the degree of sales‐orientation of each strategy. Support was found for hypotheses that proposed that certain influence strategies would be perceived as significantly more sales‐oriented than others and that the interaction of consumer goals with salesperson influence would affect how influence strategies are perceived. Willingness to interact with and purchase from a salesperson using specific influence strategies was also examined in order to shed light on how the use of specific influence strategies is likely to affect consumers' intentions.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring consumers' health meaning categories: towards a health consumption meaning model
Authors: Luomala Harri T , Paasovaara Rami , Lehtola Katariina 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Health marketplace offers a lucrative business for many companies. However, there is a gap in consumer research in understanding what health as a target of consumption really means to consumers. The subtleties and multiplicity of meanings rural and urban (both younger and older) consumers attach to health in their everyday lives are empirically explored in this article. Findings of a focus group interview‐based interpretive analysis are reported. It was found that meanings consumers associate with health are profound and multi‐faceted (identification of several health‐meaning categories) with some evidence for age‐ and area‐of‐ residency‐related health‐meaning differences. The article is concluded by advancing theory‐building in consumer research in the form of developing a tentative framework model that can be used to analyze health consumption meanings.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assaying Sialyltransferase Activity with Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Plath Christian , Weimar Thomas , Peters Hannelore , Peters Thomas 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHere, we describe an activity assay for sialyltransferases based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Different natural and synthetic oligosaccharides serving as acceptor substrates for the sialyltransferase ST3Gal‐III (EC 2.4.99.6) were immobilized or synthesized on SPR chips. The chip was then exposed to different concentrations of a reaction mixture of ST3Gal‐III and CMP‐Neu5Ac either by injection or by external application of the reaction mixture to the chip surface. The binding of two lectins, one that specifically recognizes the unmodified acceptor, the other the sialylated oligosaccharide, was utilized to determine the extent of enzymatic turnover. In order to obtain enzymatic activities, the SPR data were correlated to data obtained from a classical radio assay. After regeneration, that is, cleavage of the sialic acid residues by using a sialidase, the chip is available for new experiments. The technique allows the rapid determination of sialyltransferase activity with only nanomolar quantities of acceptor substrates and should be of particular value in cases in which a large variety of samples, including cell lysates, have to be screened for their enzymatic activities.
Effects of Surface Charge on Denaturation of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase
Authors: Gitlin Irina , Gudiksen Katherine L. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis work compares the denaturation of two proteins—bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA) and its derivative with all lysine groups acetylated (BCA‐Ac18)—by urea, guanidinium chloride (GuHCl), heat, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It demonstrates that increasing the net negative charge of the protein by acetylation of lysines reduces its stability to urea, GuHCl, and heat, but increases its kinetic stability (its thermodynamic stability cannot be measured) towards denaturation by SDS. Increasing the ionic strength of the buffer improves the stability of BCA‐Ac18 to urea and heat, but still leaves it less stable than unacetylated BCA to those denaturants. In urea, the large change in electrostatic interactions not only modifies the free energy of denaturation, but also introduces a stable intermediate into the unfolding pathway. This work shows that modifications of charges on the surfaces of proteins can have a large effect—positive or negative, depending on the denaturant—on the stability of the proteins despite the exposure of these charges to high dielectric solvent and buffer ions.