bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of Fecal and Urinary Incontinence After Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer Based on Cadaveric Surgery: A Study From the Cooperative Clinical Investigators of the Dutch Total Mesorectal Excision Trial
Authors: Wallner Christian , Lange Marilyne M. , Bonsing Bert A. , Maas Cornelis P. , Wallace Charles N. , Dabhoiwala Noshir F. , Rutten Harm J. , Lamers Wouter H. , DeRuiter Marco C. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer may result in anorectal and urogenital dysfunction. We aimed to study possible nerve disruption during TME and its consequences for functional outcome. Because the levator ani muscle plays an important role in both urinary and fecal continence, an explanation could be peroperative damage of the nerve supply to the levator ani muscle. Methods TME was performed on cadaver pelves. Subsequently, the anatomy of the pelvic floor innervation and its relation to the pelvic autonomic innervation and the mesorectum were studied. Additionally, data from the Dutch TME trial were analyzed to relate anorectal and urinary dysfunction to possible nerve damage during TME procedure. Results Cadaver TME surgery demonstrated that, especially in low tumors, the pelvic floor innervation can be damaged. Furthermore, the origin of the levator ani nerve was located in close proximity of the origin of the pelvic splanchnic nerves. Analysis of the TME trial data showed that newly developed urinary and fecal incontinence was present in 33.7% and 38.8% of patients, respectively. Both types of incontinence were significantly associated with each other (P = .027). Low anastomosis was significantly associated with urinary incontinence (P = .049). One third of the patients with newly developed urinary and fecal incontinence also reported difficulty in bladder emptying, for which excessive perioperative blood loss was a significant risk factor. Conclusion Perioperative damage to the pelvic floor innervation could contribute to fecal and urinary incontinence after TME, especially in case of a low anastomosis or damage to the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Electron dynamics of low-pressure deposition plasma
Authors: Yasuda Hirotsugu , Ledernez Loic , Olcaytug Fethi , Urban Gerald 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
When the electric field in the dark gas phase reaches the threshold value, an electron avalanche (breakdown) occurs, which causes dissociation of organic molecules, excitation of chemically reactive molecular gas, and/or ionization of atomic gas, depending on the type of gas involved. The principles that govern these electron-impact reactions are collectively described by the term "electron dynamics". The electron-impact dissociation of organic molecules is the key factor for the deposition plasma. The implications of the interfacial avalanche of the primary electrons on the deposition plasma and also other plasma processes are discussed. The system dependency of low-pressure plasma deposition processes is an extremely important factor that should be reckoned, because the electron dynamic reactions are highly dependent on every aspect of the reaction system. The secondary electron emission from the cathode is a misinterpretation of the interfacial electron avalanche of the primary electrons described in this paper.
Plasma synthesis of group IV quantum dots for luminescence and photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kortshagen Uwe , Anthony Rebeccah , Gresback Ryan , Holman Zachary , Ligman Rebekah , Liu Chin-Yi , Mangolini Lorenzo , Campbell Stephen A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The unique ability of nonthermal plasmas to form high-quality nanocrystals (NCs) of covalently bonded semiconductors, including the group IV elements silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), has been extensively demonstrated over the past few years. Recently, plasma processing was also extended to the surface functionalization of NCs, imparting further functionalities to plasma-produced NCs such as solution-processability or the passivation of electronic surface states. This paper focuses on the synthesis and surface functionalization of Si- and Ge-NCs, and on their application in luminescent and photovoltaic devices.
Atmospheric-pressure, nonthermal plasma sterilization of microorganisms in liquids and on surfaces
Authors: Akishev Yuri , Grushin Michail , Karalnik Vladimir , Trushkin Nickolay , Kholodenko Vasiliy , Chugunov Vladimir , Kobzev Eugeniy , Zhirkova Nadezhda , Irkhina Irina , Kireev Georgiy 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Gas discharge plasma inactivation of microorganisms at low (close to ambient) temperature is a promising area of investigation that is attracting widespread interest. This paper describes atmospheric-pressure, nonthermal plasma (NTP) methods for cold sterilization of liquids and thermal sensitive surfaces. These methods are based on the use of direct current (DC) gas discharge plasma sources fed with steady-state high voltage. Parameters characterizing the plasma sources used (plasma-forming gas, gas flow rate, electric power consumed, etc.) are given. The results for plasma sterilization of different microorganisms (vegetative cells, spores, fungi, biofilms) are presented. An empirical mathematical approach is developed for describing NTP inactivation of microorganisms. This approach takes into account not only the destruction of different components of the cells, but their reparation as well.
Modeling time-dependent phenomena in plasma spraying of liquid precursors
Authors: Vardelle Armelle , Chazelas Christophe , Marchand Cecile , Mariaux Gilles 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The recently developed plasma spray processes using liquid precursors make it possible to produce finely structured coatings with a broad range of microstructures and, thus, properties. However, coating reproducibility and control of the deposition efficiency are critical to industrial acceptance of these processes. Both depend on time-dependent interactions between the plasma jet and liquid material. Transient and realistic modeling of the liquid spray process may help to increase the understanding of the process. A comprehensive model should involve the formation of the plasma jet inside the torch and the transient specific treatment (break-up, droplet collision, coalescence, evaporation, chemistry) of the liquid material in the plasma jet. If much progress has been recently made on the modeling of the interaction of arc and transverse flow in the plasma torch, further theoretical and experimental research is needed, especially in respect of liquid injection and fragmentation under plasma spray conditions.
Solution plasma processing (SPP)
Authors: Takai Osamu 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Liquid-phase plasma is not well known, although it has been used sparingly in water treatments and electrical discharge machining. We have named the liquid-phase plasma "solution plasma" and developed solution plasma processing (SPP). This paper reports the applications of SPP to syntheses of nanoparticles, surface modification of metals, and sterilization of water.
Recommendations on measurement and analysis of results obtained on biological substances using isothermal titration calorimetry (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Schwarz Frederick P. , Reinisch Timm , Hinz Hans-Jürgen , Surolia Avadhesha 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is widely used to determine the thermodynamics of biological interactions including protein-protein, small molecule-protein, protein-DNA, small molecule-DNA, and antigen-antibody interactions. An ITC measurement consists of monitoring the transfer of heat between an analyte solution in a sample vessel and a reference solution in a reference vessel upon injection of a small aliquot of titrant solution into the sample vessel at a fixed ITC operating temperature. A binding isotherm is generated from the heat-transferred-per-injection data and values for the binding constants, the apparent binding enthalpies, and the apparent ratio of the amount of titrant to analyte for the binding reaction are then determined from fits of a binding model, whether it is a single site, identical multi-site, or an interacting multi-site binding model, to the binding isotherm. Prior to the fitting procedure, corrections should be made for contributions from extraneous heat of mixing determined separately from injections of the titrant into just the dialysate/buffer solution. Ultra-high binding constants, which cannot be directly determined from an ITC measurement, can be determined by a displacement ITC method where injections of the tight-binding titrant into a solution of a weaker-binding titrant-analyte complex displaces the weaker-binding titrant from the complex. The Michaelis and catalytic constants can be determined for an enzyme reaction from injections of a substrate or enzyme titrant into an enzyme or substrate analyte solution. Several binding reactions are suggested to check the operating performance of the ITC. The reporting of ITC results must be specific with regard to the composition of the titrant and the analyte solutions, the temperature, and the model used in the analysis.
Determination of TSH receptor antibodies and its diagnostic worth1
Authors: Albrecht Christin , Steveling Antje , Wallaschofski Henri 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Clinical thyrotoxicosis in Graves' disease patients is caused by stimulatory thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs). New methods of detecting these antibodies and their clinical use are addressed and discussed in detail. These highly sensitive assays are widely available and cost effective, and their routine clinical use allows a clear differentiation between immunogenic hyperthyroidism and other forms. Despite improved sensitivity and specificity, the new TRAb assays cannot lead to an individual prognosis for Graves' disease or endocrine orbitopathy.
Diagnostic features and resistance testing for Pneumocystis jirovecii
1
Authors: Riebold D. , Loebermann M. , Reisinger E.C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii), is known chiefly from its involvement of HIV patients. More recently, however, the number of PCP cases has increased after organ transplants and in other immunosuppressed patients. Laboratory diagnosis of PCP often employs traditional staining methods with low sensitivity. Molecular methods using the polymerase chain reaction can achieve a sensitivity of >95% and can – depending on the detected gene – also be used for resistance testing to trace chains of infection.
De prohibitione carnis. Meat Abstention and the Priscillianists
Authors: Ferreiro Alberto 
Published: September 2008

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Priscillian von Avila zog in Gallien und Italien im 4. Jh. breite Aufmerksamkeit auf sich, was dazu führte, daß einige Bischöfe ihn aller möglichen Häresien verdächtigten. Unter diesen Häresievorwürfen findet sich auch der Vorwurf, Priscillian und seine Anhänger verträten hinsichtlich des Verzichts auf Fleischgenuß eine manichäische Meinung. Dieser Vorwurf, der sich in verschiedenen Quellen findet, hat bisher nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit bei modernen Forschern gefunden. Der Artikel untersucht diesen Vorwurf und geht der Frage nach, ob der Vorwurf berechtigt war. Dabei geht er den Hinweisen auf den teilweise kaum erkennbaren Manichäismus dieser Zeit in Gallien und Italien nach und berücksichtigt auch die im Westen vergleichsweise junge monastische Bewegung.
Bους, Bαινχωωχ und Septuaginta-Psalm 90? Überlegungen zu den sogenannten ‚Bous‘-Amuletten und dem beliebtesten Bibeltext für apotropäische Zwecke
Authors: Kraus Thomas J. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT
The recent publication of a wood tablet with the words Bους and Bαινχωωχ on it prompted me to reconsider other similar tablets (also some with the very first words of Septuagint-Psalm 90), to categorize them, and to reflect upon the background of their textual and iconographic elements. Moreover, in addition to a sound systematization of the twelve known ‘Bous’ amulets I attempt to utilize the results of my own preoccupation with diverse objects with Septuagint-Psalm 90 in apotropaic use in order to shed light on both the tablets themselves and the people and their ideas behind them.
A metabolikus képalkotás – PET, PET/CT – onkosebészeti vonatkozásair
Authors: Garai Ildikó , Tóth Csaba , Szabados Lajos , Sóvágó Judit , Tóth Lajos , Csiki Zoltán 
Published: September 2008

Absztrakt
A PET/CT-vizsgálatok hozzáférhetősége az utóbbi években Magyarországon is jelentősen javult, évente a három hazai PET/CT-központban megközelítően 10 000 finanszírozott vizsgálatra van lehetőség. Az FDG-PET/CT-vizsgálat kiemelkedő érzékenységével és fajlagosságával mára a tumordiagnosztika hatékony módszerévé vált. Hasonlóan más képalkotó technikákhoz a klinikus kezében a PET/CT is akkor igazán használható, költséghatékony vizsgálat, ha ismeri az előnyeit és korlátait. Ebben a tanulmányban a leggyakoribb, elsősorban sebészeti vonatkozású PET/CT-indikációkat tekintettük át, a módszer alkalmazhatóságát is figyelembe véve.
Subcapsularis haematoma és graftruptura májátültetés utánr
Authors: Görög Dénes , Fehérvári Imre , Doros Attila , Nemes Balázs , Máthé Zoltán , Kóbori László , Járay Jenő 
Published: September 2008

Absztrakt
Májtranszplantáció után a graft subcapsularis haematomája és/vagy rupturája, mely kialakulhat spontán, sérülés vagy invazív radiológiai beavatkozásokat követően, ritkán előforduló, súlyos szövődmény. Szerzők 350 májátültetés során észlelt négy esetből három ismertetésével illusztrálják a szövődmény súlyosságát. Az első esetben graftbiopszia utáni álaneurysma halálos kimenetelű májrupturát eredményezett. A második esetben a donormáj felszínes sérülésének transzplantáció után mély ruptura lett a következménye, amely miatt májresectiót kellett végezni. A beteg septicus állapotban meghalt. A harmadik beteg műtét során észlelt subcapsularis haematomáját sikeresen kezelték, és a beteg meggyógyult. Eddigi tapasztalataik és az irodalmi ajánlások alapján a szerzők javaslatot fogalmaznak meg a műtét során keletkező májtok alatti vérömlenyek kezelésére, melynek lényegi részét képezi az argon-diathermia és a fibrinogennel és thrombinnal bevont kollagénszivacs alkalmazása.
Language Spoken and Differences in Health Status, Access to Care, and Receipt of Preventive Services Among US Hispanics
Authors: DuBard C. Annette , Gizlice Ziya 
Published: September 2008

Objectives. We examined self-reported health status, health behaviors, access to care, and use of preventive services of the US Hispanic adult population to identify language-associated disparities. Methods. We analyzed 2003 to 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 45 076 Hispanic adults in 23 states, who represented 90% of the US Hispanic population, and compared 25 health indicators between Spanish-speaking Hispanics and English-speaking Hispanics. Results. Physical activity and rates of chronic disease, obesity, and smoking were significantly lower among Spanish-speaking Hispanics than among English-speaking Hispanics. Spanish-speaking Hispanics reported far worse health status and access to care than did English-speaking Hispanics (39% vs 17% in fair or poor health, 55% vs 23% uninsured, and 58% vs 29% without a personal doctor) and received less preventive care. Adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors did not mitigate the influence of language on these health indicators. Conclusions. Spanish-language preference marks a particularly vulnerable subpopulation of US Hispanics who have less access to care and use of preventive services. Priority areas for Spanish-speaking adults include maintenance of healthy behaviors, promotion of physical activity and preventive health care, and increased access to care.
Ability of Ethnic Self-Identification to Partition Modifiable Health Risk Among US Residents of Mexican Ancestry
Authors: Barger Steven D. , Gallo Linda C. 
Published: September 2008

Objectives. We examined the relationship between ethnic self-identification and the partitioning of health risk within a Mexican American population. Methods. We combined data from the 2000 to 2002 National Health Interview Surveys to obtain a large (N = 10 044) sample of US residents of Mexican ancestry. We evaluated health risk, defined as self-reported current smoking, overweight, and obesity, and compared the predictive strength of health risk correlates across self-identified Mexican and Mexican American participants. Results. Self-identified Mexican participants were less likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR] = 0.70; 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.60, 0.83; P < .001) and to be obese (OR = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.77; P < .001) than were self-identified Mexican American participants. Within-group analyses found that sociodemographic predictors had inconsistent and even contradictory patterns of association with health risk across the 2 subgroups. Health risk was consistently lower among immigrants relative to US-born participants. Ethnic self-identification effects were independent of socioeconomic status. Conclusions. US residents of Mexican ancestry showed substantial within-group differences in health risk and risk correlates. Ethnic self-identification is a promising strategy to clarify differential risk and may help resolve apparent discrepancies in health risk correlates in this literature.
Insurance Status and Quality of Diabetes Care in Community Health Centers
Authors: Zhang James X. , Huang Elbert S. , Drum Melinda L. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Schlichting Jennifer A. , Schaefer Cynthia T. , Heuer Loretta J. , Chin Marshall H. 
Published: September 2008

Objectives. We sought to compare quality of diabetes care by insurance type in federally funded community health centers. Method. We categorized 2018 diabetes patients, randomly selected from 27 community health centers in 17 states in 2002, into 6 mutually exclusive insurance groups. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to compare quality of diabetes care according to 6 National Committee for Quality Assurance Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set diabetes processes of care and outcome measures. Results. Thirty-three percent of patients had no health insurance, 24% had Medicare only, 15% had Medicaid only, 7% had both Medicare and Medicaid, 14% had private insurance, and 7% had another insurance type. Those without insurance were the least likely to meet the quality-of-care measures; those with Medicaid had a quality of care similar to those with no insurance. Conclusions. Research is needed to identify the major mediators of differences in quality of care by insurance status among safety-net providers such as community health centers. Such research is needed for policy interventions at Medicaid benefit design and as an incentive to improve quality of care.
Immigrant Children's Reliance on Public Health Insurance in the Wake of Immigration Reform
Authors: Pati Susmita , Danagoulian Shooshan 
Published: September 2008

Objectives. We sought to determine whether the reversal of the public charge rule of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, which may have required families to pay for benefits previously received at no cost, led to immigrant children becoming increasingly reliant on public health insurance programs. Methods. We conducted a secondary data analysis focusing on low-income children sampled in the 1997 through 2004 versions of the National Health Interview Survey. Results. Between 1997 and 2004, public health insurance enrollments and the numbers of uninsured foreign-born children in the United States increased by 3.1% and 2.7%, respectively. Using multinomial logistic regression models to account for the substantial differences in socioeconomic status between foreign-born and US-born children, we found that low-income US-born children were just as likely as foreign-born children to have public health insurance coverage (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89, 1.52) and that, after 2000, foreign-born children were 1.59 times (95% CI = 1.24, 2.05) more likely than were US-born children to be uninsured (vs publicly insured). Conclusions. In the wake of the reversal of the public charge rule, immigrant children are increasingly likely to be uninsured as opposed to relying on public health insurance.
Neighborhoods and Obesity in Later Life
Authors: Grafova Irina B. , Freedman Vicki A. , Kumar Rizie , Rogowski Jeannette 
Published: September 2008

Objectives. We examined the influence of neighborhood environment on the weight status of adults 55 years and older. Methods. We conducted a 2-level logistic regression analysis of data from the 2002 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. We included 8 neighborhood scales: economic advantage, economic disadvantage, air pollution, crime and segregation, street connectivity, density, immigrant concentration, and residential stability. Results. When we controlled for individual- and family-level confounders, living in a neighborhood with a high level of economic advantage was associated with a lower likelihood of being obese for both men (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80, 0.94) and women (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.77, 0.89). Men living in areas with a high concentration of immigrants and women living in areas of high residential stability were more likely to be obese. Women living in areas of high street connectivity were less likely to be overweight or obese. Conclusions. The mechanisms by which neighborhood environment and weight status are linked in later life differ by gender, with economic and social environment aspects being important for men and built environment aspects being salient for women.
Individual and Area-Based Indicators of Acculturation and the Metabolic Syndrome Among Low-Income Mexican American Women Living in a Border Region
Authors: Espinosa de los Monteros Karla , Gallo Linda C. , Elder John P. , Talavera Gregory A. 
Published: September 2008

Objectives. We sought to examine the relationships between individual and area-based indicators of acculturation and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk among a sample of Mexican American women living in the California–Baja California border region.Methods. We examined data collected between October 2003 and December 2004 from 141 women (mean age = 47.07 years) who completed physical and psychosocial assessments. We reviewed medical records for laboratory values.Results. Individual-level US acculturation was associated with a greater consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber; increased odds of engaging in health-enhancing levels of physical activity; and decreased odds of meeting the clinical criteria for MetS. Moreover, beyond the influence of individual-level factors, US neighborhood acculturation was associated with less fat intake.Conclusions. These findings provide preliminary evidence for a relationship between acculturation and the development of MetS in this population. Such information may assist efforts aimed at understanding and eliminating ethnic disparities in MetS risk and related health conditions.