bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of a cardiological network in a regulated setting: a spatial interaction approach
Authors: Lippi Bruni Matteo , Nobilio Lucia , Ugolini Cristina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe analyse referral patterns for patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy, a procedure for which the assumption of a negative association between volume and adverse outcomes is used to justify its territorial concentration. Nevertheless, recent clinical evidence shows PTCA superiority for immediate treatment of acute myocardial infarction, which advises an increase in the number of points of delivery. Our paper aims to develop analytical tools designed to provide support to policy makers when they are asked to evaluate the spatial distribution of catheterisation laboratories that perform PTCA. Information is drawn from the regional administrative hospital discharge data (SDO) for the year 2002. We first use entropy indexes to investigate the spatial accessibility of the cardiological network. Secondly, by means of a gravity model estimated using Bayesian techniques we identify the determinants of patient flows in terms of demand and supply factors. Our results suggest that information on destinations is processed hierarchically and that agglomeration‐like forces are dominant. Furthermore, although self‐sufficiency of provision at the provincial level has been achieved to a large extent, there is still scope to improve the organisational efficiency of the network. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring differences in empirical time preference rates for health: an application of meta‐regression
Authors: Asenso‐Boadi Francis , Peters Tim J. , Coast Joanna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEstimated time preference rates are extremely varied, with many rates being extremely high. Reviewing empirical studies without quantitative synthesis of their findings is largely unhelpful in determining how rates vary according to different factors. This study therefore explores the use of meta‐regression techniques to combine available evidence to draw reliable conclusions about the factors influencing empirical time preference rates. Papers reporting empirically derived time preference rates related to health and health‐care programmes were selected. Included were papers presenting all of: a mean time preference rate; information allowing derivation of standard errors; and one or more covariates. Appropriate data were derived from only eight of the 16 papers reporting empirical time preference rates. Meta‐regression indicated that there were statistically significant relationships between mean time preference rates and: (a) delay period on a log scale; (b) whether the outcome question related to a gain or a loss. There were a number of limitations related to the use of meta‐regression in this area, including difficulties in extracting appropriate data from the original studies, and the extent to which the original studies provide fully deliberated estimates of time preference. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of terrace geology on ground‐water movement and on the interaction of ground water and surface water on a mountainside near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, USA
Authors: Winter Thomas C. , Buso Donald C. , Shattuck Patricia C. , Harte Phillip T. , Vroblesky Donald A. , Goode Daniel J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe west watershed of Mirror Lake in the White Mountains of New Hampshire contains several terraces that are at different altitudes and have different geologic compositions. The lowest terrace (FSE) has 5 m of sand overlying 9 m of till. The two next successively higher terraces (FS2 and FS1) consist entirely of sand and have maximum thicknesses of about 7 m. A fourth, and highest, terrace (FS3) lies in the north‐west watershed directly adjacent to the west watershed. This highest terrace has 2 m of sand overlying 8 m of till. All terraces overlie fractured crystalline bedrock. Numerical models of hypothetical settings simulating ground‐water flow in a mountainside indicated that the presence of a terrace can cause local ground‐water flow cells to develop, and that the flow patterns differ based on the geologic composition of the terrace. For example, more ground water moves from the bedrock to the glacial deposits beneath terraces consisting completely of sand than beneath terraces that have sand underlain by till. Field data from Mirror Lake watersheds corroborate the numerical experiments. The geology of the terraces also affects how the stream draining the west watershed interacts with ground water. The stream turns part way down the mountainside and passes between the two sand terraces, essentially transecting the movement of ground water down the valley side. Transects of water‐table wells were installed across the stream's riparian zone above, between, and below the sand terraces. Head data from these wells indicated that the stream gains ground water on both sides above and below the sand terraces. However, where it flows between the sand terraces the stream gains ground water on its uphill side and loses water on its downhill side. Biogeochemical processes in the riparian zone of the flow‐through reach have resulted in anoxic ground water beneath the lower sand terrace. Results of this study indicate that it is useful to understand patterns of ground‐water flow in order to fully understand the flow and chemical characteristics of both ground water and surface water in mountainous terrain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interactome of the histone gene regulatory factor HiNF‐P suggests novel cell cycle related roles in transcriptional control and RNA processing
Authors: Miele Angela , Medina Ricardo , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Gary S. , Stein Janet L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHiNF‐P is a recently identified histone H4 subtype specific transcriptional regulator that associates with the conserved cell cycle control element in the proximal promoter regions of histone H4 genes. HiNF‐P interacts with the global histone gene regulator and direct cyclin E/CDK2 substrate p220NPAT to potently upregulate histone H4 gene transcription at the G1/S phase transition in response to cyclin E/CDK2 signaling. To gain insight into the function of HiNF‐P in a broader cellular context, we performed a yeast two‐hybrid screen to identify its novel interacting proteins. In this study, we detected 67 candidate HiNF‐P interacting proteins of varying cellular functions. We have identified multiple RNA associated proteins, including the splicing co‐factor SRm300. HiNF‐P and SRm300 interact in yeast two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation, and co‐immunofluorescence assays. Our screen also identified several gene regulators that associate with HiNF‐P including THAP7. HiNF‐P and THAP7 interact in mammalian cells and THAP7 abrogates HiNF‐P/p220 mediated activation of histone H4 gene transcription, consistent with its known role as a transcriptional repressor. Finally, we identified several proliferation related proteins including Ki‐67 and X transactivated protein 2 (XTP2) which may be functioning with HiNF‐P in cell cycle regulation. The HiNF‐P interactome indicates that HiNF‐P is a multifunctional gene regulator with a large functional network and roles beyond cell cycle‐dependent histone gene regulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 136–148, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of the chromatin domain structure in arrayed repeat regions: Organization of the somatic 5S RNA domain during embryogenesis inXenopus laevis
Authors: Hair Alan , Vassetzky Yegor 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe size of the DNA loop containing theXenopus laevissomatic 5S RNA gene cluster has been estimated using a simple, precise and sensitive method that we have developed for use on any tandemly arrayed DNA repeat region, and was found to increase during development We have found that after the mid‐blastula transition, when transcription is activated in the embryo, a subset of somatic 5S RNA genes becomes specifically associated with the nuclear matrix. This association correlates with the transcriptional activity of the 5S genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1140–1148, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of arginase‐1 expression in macrophages by a protein kinase a type I and histone deacetylase dependent pathway
Authors: Haffner Ivonne , Teupser Daniel , Holdt Lesca M. , Ernst Jana , Burkhardt Ralph , Thiery Joachim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to investigate the cAMP‐dependent regulation of arginase‐1 (ARG1) expression in RAW‐macrophages. Basal ARG1 mRNA expression was low and increased upon incubation with the cAMP analogue Br‐cAMP. We used selective agonists of protein kinase A type I (PKAI), type II (PKAII) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) to determine the pathway responsible for ARG1 expression. Activation of PKAI led to a significant up‐regulation of ARG1 mRNA expression and arginase enzyme activity. In contrast, neither activation of PKAII nor activation of EPAC affected ARG1 expression. In addition, it has been shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity plays a critical role in cAMP‐dependent transcriptional regulation. Incubation with Br‐cAMP and the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) led to a concentration‐dependent suppression of ARG1 expression. These data indicate that cAMP‐dependent activation of ARG1 expression is mediated by PKAI and requires histone deacetylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 520–527, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene therapy: The first two decades and the current state‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Flotte Terence R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe concept of gene therapy was envisioned soon after the emergence of restriction endonucleases and subcloning of mammalian genes in phage and plasmids. Over the ensuing decades, vectors were developed, including nonviral methods, integrating virus vectors (gammaretrovirus and lentivirus), and non‐integrating virus vectors (adenovirus, adeno‐associated virus, and herpes simplex virus vectors). Preclinical data demonstrated potential efficacy in a broad range of animal models of human diseases, but clinical efficacy in humans remained elusive in most cases, even after decades of experience in over 1000 trials. Adverse effects from gene therapy have been observed in some cases, often because of viral vectors retaining some of the pathogenic potential of the viruses upon which they are based. Later generation vectors have been developed in which the safety and/or the efficiency of gene transfer has been improved. Most recently this work has involved alterations of vector envelope or capsid proteins either by insertion of ligands to target specific receptors or by directed evolution. The disease targets for gene therapy are multiple, but the most promising data have come from monogenic disorders. As the number of potential targets for gene therapy continues to increase, and a substantial number of trials continue with both the standard and the later generation vector systems, it is hoped that a therapeutic niche for gene therapy will emerge in the coming decades. J. Cell. Physiol. 213: 301–305, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histochemical Demonstration of Two Subtypes of O‐linked Oligosaccharides in the Rat Gastric Glands
Authors: Gómez‐Santos Laura , Alonso Edurne , Ferrer Concepción , Zuasti Adelina , Sáez Francisco José , Madrid Juan Francisco 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe gastric glands synthesize glycoproteins whose oligosaccharides are linked to the peptide core mainly by the O‐glycosidic bond, specifically removed by β‐elimination procedure. Our aim was to research the possibility of the existence of two subtypes of O‐linked oligosaccharides with a different behavior to the removal procedure. The lectins from peanut (PNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA‐I) were histochemically used as markers of the O‐linked oligosaccharides. Sections were also pretreated with β‐elimination and/or peptide N‐Glycosidase F (PNGase‐F) for the specific removal of O‐ and N‐linked oligosaccharides, respectively. The lectin GNA, which mainly labels to N‐linked oligosaccharides, was used to test the correct working of PNGase‐F. To test the possibility that the β‐elimination treatment could remove the terminal sialic acid residues, the lectin LFA was used. The surface epithelium was negative to PNA, while it became strongly positive when β‐elimination was performed for 1 day. This staining was resistant to PNGase‐F, suggesting that PNA was labeling to O‐linked oligosaccharides. However, after β‐elimination for 5 days this staining is not observed. A similar pattern appeared with MAA‐I. We propose the existence of two subtypes of O‐linked oligosaccharides: labile and resistant. The labile O‐linked oligosaccharides are removed with β‐elimination for 1 day, unmasking the PNA‐positive oligosaccharides. These oligosaccharides are resistant O‐linked oligosaccharides because staining is abolished with longer treatment of β‐elimination. The results with MAA‐I also support this suggestion. In summary, the labile O‐linked oligosaccharides are removed with short treatment, while the resistant O‐linked oligosaccharides need a stronger procedure (for 5 days). Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogenesis of the Thermogenic Center in Hornets
Authors: Ermakov Natalya Y. , Plotkin Marian , Volynchik Stanislav , Bergman David J. , Ishay Jacob S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the Oriental hornet, a thermogenic center is located in its prothorax. The present study attempted to elucidate the development of this organ with age, that is, by following the development of the thermogenic center in the hornet from its pupal stage until several days after eclosion of the imago. To this end, use was made of an infrared camera, with which pictures were taken of the prothorax in hornets at various ages, i.e., several days prior eclosion, 24 h after eclosion, and 48‐h posteclosion. The photographic findings established that prior to 48‐h posteclosion there was no thermally distinct region or spot in the prothorax, but at about 48 h, such a “hot spot,” namely, a point whose temperature is greater than that of the rest of the prothorax, does appear, and its appearance coincides with certain specific nest activities like warming of the pupae. Next, an attempt was made to transplant by allograft the region in the prothorax housing the hot spot. Accordingly, several pupae at 2 days prior to eclosion were subjected to the following procedure; their future prothoracic thermogenic center was excised and so also an equally sized piece of cuticle from the dorsal region of their abdomen, and the two now allografted in exchange, i.e., the piece from the prothorax replacing the abdominal piece and vice versa. The result of this exchange‐transplant was studied 48 h after eclosion of the operated hornets and showed disruption of heat formation in the prothoracic site coupled with nonappearance of a hot spot in the abdominal site. As for the functional, intact hot spot in the adult hornet, it is characterized by a high concentration of tracheae, with numerous mitochondria in between them that probably contribute to the heat generation. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging of Lipids in Human Adipose Tissue by Cluster Ion TOF‐SIMS
Authors: Malmberg Per , Nygren Håkan , Richter Katrin , Chen Yun , Dangardt Frida , Friberg Peter , Magnusson Ylva 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBiopsies of human subcutaneous adipose tissue were taken from healthy donors. Samples were high‐pressure frozen, freeze‐fractured, and freeze dried. Imaging mass spectrometry of samples was performed in a TOF‐SIMS mass spectrometer equipped with a bismuth cluster ion source. Blood vessels, the connective tissue, and adipocytes can be seen in TOF‐SIMS images. Blood vessels were found labeled by a high content of sodium ions and potassium ions in their lumen and phosphocholine signal in smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall. The connective tissue showed high signal levels of CN− fragments, derived from proteins and nucleic acids. Adipocytes showed high signal levels of phosphocholine and cholesterol ubiquitously in their membranes and diacylglycerols in some membrane sites. The central part of adipocytes showed high levels of triacylglycerols and fatty acids. These results are in accordance to those of biochemical studies; however, a precise spatial localization of lipids in adipocytes is demonstrated with MS imaging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental and morphological variation in the teleost craniofacial skeleton reveals an unusual mode of ossification
Authors: Franz‐Odendaal Tamara A. , Ryan Kerrianne , Hall Brian K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe investigated the morphology and development of the scleral ossicles within the eyes of three species from three basal teleost orders, namely, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus; Clupeiformes), the surface morph of the Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus; Characiformes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio; Cypriniformes). Two morphologies, circular and elongated, and one variation, fused elements, were identified. Zebrafish have small circular ossicles, whereas the alewife and the Mexican tetra have elongated ossicles. Surprisingly in the Mexican tetra these elements fuse at one end forming a continuous element with an antero‐ventral opening; this may be typical for the Order Characiformes. Regardless of morphology, the ossicles develop via unilateral perichondral ossification of the scleral cartilage from two centers opposite one another in the eye. This unilateral type of ossification, in which only the perichondrium furthest from the retina contributes to the ossicles, has not previously been reported in any vertebrate. Because either the perichondrium and/or an extension of the perichondrium can transform into the scleral ossicle, we refer to the transitional tissue as periskeletal. Although the functional significance of the different shaped ossicles is unclear, skeletal muscle attaches directly to these bones, implying voluntary control. The morphological and developmental variation of teleost scleral ossicles makes them an ideal system for determining the genetic basis underlying phenotypic variation as well as for studying mechanisms underlying osteogenic and chondrogenic processes in teleosts. These data support our previous finding that scleral ossicles in teleosts may not be homologous to those in other vertebrates, such as reptiles. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:709–721, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urban climatology in arid regions: current research in the Negev desert
Authors: Pearlmutter D. , Berliner P. , Shaviv E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDesert cities provide climatologists with circumstances that can be qualitatively different from those encountered in more temperate environs. These distinctions are expressed in the balance of heat and moisture between a dry atmosphere and an urbanized terrain, and they are experienced by city dwellers in urban outdoor spaces. But, while such places are characterized by harsh thermal extremes, they also present unique opportunities for microclimatic enhancement.This potential has motivated a series of studies in the arid Negev region of Israel, beginning with a measurement campaign showing that a dense urban fabric can provide significant thermal benefits due to protection from solar radiation, which is dominant within the overall energy exchange. To generalize these findings, an innovative modelling approach—using an open‐air, scaled urban array—was used to study variations in urban geometry under realistic radiative loading and boundary‐layer turbulence. The surface energy budget above this small‐scale urban canopy was found to be similar to observed energy exchange patterns of actual cities.Measurements within the scaled urban canyons served as input to a pedestrian‐centred energy exchange model, and a semi‐empirical model was also developed for predicting pedestrian energy exchange and thermal discomfort as a function of urban attributes and meteorological data for a given land‐use area.This integrated modelling approach revealed that increased urban density, while serving to increase radiative trapping and storage of heat within the urban fabric, also reduces pedestrian thermal stress during the critical daytime hours. This ‘cool island’ effect is enabled by the high thermal inertia of the built‐up area, and the sharp diurnal fluctuations that are peculiar to a hot–arid climate. Its impact is contingent, however, upon the orientation of the street canyon in question—increasing as street‐axis orientation approaches north–south and becoming negligible in the east–west direction. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Assay of a potential post‐harvest handling procedure for cantaloupe Charentais melon fruit with inhibited ethylene production
Authors: Flores Francisco B , Romojaro Félix , Latché Alain , Pech Jean‐Claude , Martínez‐Madrid María C 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAntisense ACC‐oxidase Cantaloupe Charentais melons, unsuitable for autocatalytic ethylene production, were harvested at different ages and exposed to a standard post‐harvest manipulation to reproduce the handling chain that occurs from harvesting to retail sale. The stages were as follows: storage in a chamber at 2 °C during 2 or 3 weeks, second storage at 8 °C for 4 days, treatment with 50 ppm ethylene for 2 days and, finally, maintenance at 20 °C for four more days. The date of harvest and the different periods of storage at 2 °C assayed did not affect the final de‐greening of the rind, while the change in pulp colour depended on the harvest date. Storage conditions also influenced the texture of the pulp and acidity. Weight loss was dependent mainly on date of harvest, like soluble solids content, although the period of storage at 2 °C influenced too. The impact of cold on the appearance of the fruits is discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant activities of defatted sesame meal extracts in cooked turkey breast and thigh meats
Authors: Jo Seong‐Chun , Nam Ki‐Chang , Min Byoung‐Rok , Ahn Dong U , Lee Seung‐Cheol 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of raw and roasted (at 200 °C for 60 min) defatted sesame‐meal in turkey breast and thigh meat systems were determined. The TBARS values of turkey breast and thigh meat added with 0.1% of roasted defatted sesame‐meal extract were 18.8% and 24.7%, respectively, lower than those of untreated controls after 5 days of storage. The turkey meats added with roasted defatted sesame‐meal extract had higher a* and b* values than those of controls due to the browning effects occurred in sesame seeds during roasting. The amounts of volatile hydrocarbons (pentane, hexane, heptane, and octane) and carbonyls (propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal and heptanal) significantly decreased by the addition of roasted defatted sesame‐meal extract. In particular, the amount of hexanal, the most predominant volatile compound in the cooked turkey meat, decreased by 74% and 83% in turkey breast and thigh meat, respectively. However, raw defatted sesame‐meal extract did not show significant antioxidant activity in turkey meats. These results indicated that heat treatment of sesame‐meal increased the antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of defatted sesame meal. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry