bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diaphragm dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a role for heparan sulphate?
Authors: Ottenheijm C. A. C. , Jenniskens G. J. , Geraedts M. C. P. , Hafmans T. , Heunks L. M. A. , van Kuppevelt T. H. , Dekhuijzen P. N. R. 
Published: March 2007

In the present study, phage display-derived antibodies were used to investigate the topology of glycosaminoglycan epitopes in the diaphragm of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and non-COPD patients. Furthermore, the potential physiological significance of changes in the occurrence of glycosaminoglycan epitopes in the diaphragm of COPD patients was studied by determining the overlap in epitope recognition of glycosaminoglycan antibodies and growth factors.Diaphragm cryosections from non-COPD (n = 5) and COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage I/II; n = 9) were incubated with antibodies directed against heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate epitopes. Antibodies were visualised immunofluorescently. In addition, interference of antibody and growth factor binding with heparan sulphate epitopes was tested.Specific glycosaminoglycan epitopes showed increased expression in the diaphragm of COPD patients, whereas other epitopes were decreased or unaffected. Interestingly, the anti-heparan sulphate antibody HS4C3, which is directed against a downregulated epitope, interfered with the binding of hepatocyte growth factor. Three patients with the most severe airway obstruction also demonstrated interference of heparan sulphate antibody A04B08 with hepatocyte growth factor binding.Results indicate changes in glycosaminoglycan composition in the diaphragm of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This may affect cellular physiologyviaalterations in growth factor handling and might be related to reduced levels of contractile protein in the diaphragm of these patients.
Unexpected Reaction of an Overcrowded 9,10-Dihydroanthrylchlorosilane Leading to the Formation of a Dibenzo-7-silanorbornadiene Derivative
Authors: Sasamori Takahiro , Ozaki Shuhei , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A novel and simple synthetic route for a dibenzo-7-silanorbornadiene derivative has been developed. The extremely hindered chlorosilane bearing 9,10-dihydroanthryl group, TbtRSiHCl (Tbt = 2,4,6-tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl, R = 9,10-dihydroanthryl) could be quantitatively converted into the corresponding dibenzo-7-silanorbornadiene 1 by the reaction with LDA. The molecular structure of 1 was revealed by the spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Hexaphenylbenzene Derivatives for Blue Organic Light-emitting Devices
Authors: Watanabe Soichi , Kido Junji 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Novel hexaphenylbenzene derivatives having high triplet energy levels were synthesized and used in blue organic electrophosphorescent devices. The device with a blue phosphorescent emitter, iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′]-picolinate, exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 11% (24 cd/A) and a high power efficiency of 12 lm/W at 100 cd/m2.
Fabrication and Photoluminescence of Urchin-like ZnO/MgO Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Qin Li-rong , Zhao Jian-wei , Zhang Li-de , Zou Xian-wu 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A novel hollow urchin-like hierarchical structure of ZnO nanorods grown on hollow MgO microspheres has been prepared through a simple one-step chemical vapor deposition method. Photoluminescence property and possible growth mechanism of the ZnO/MgO hierarchical structures have also been discussed.
Spontaneous Assembly of Dendrite Structure by Coordination of Al to 5,8-Dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
Authors: Koide Yoshihiro , Sato Yusuke 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The reaction of boehmite ([AlO(OH)]n) and 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DHNQ) in refluxing water led to spontaneous assembly of a mixture of coordination complexes, in which extended network of deprotonated DHNQ (DONQ2−) is bridging between two Al3+ ions in the bis-O,O′-bidentate fashion. UV–vis spectroscopy, 13C solid-state NMR, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis are consistent with the formation of dendrite structures.
Highly Emissive Pyrene-excimer Formation in Self-assembled Monolayer on Gold Surface and Photocurrent Generation from the Excimer
Authors: Nakamura Mitsunobu , Saito Norikazu , Takayama Kaori , Kumamoto Satoshi , Yamana Kazushige 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Strong pyrene excimer fluorescence is observed in the SAM derived from disulfide-functionalized bis-pyrene derivative on gold surface at the pyrene surface coverage similar to that exhibits only weak monomer fluorescence in the SAM derived from disulfide-functinalized monopyrene derivative. The pyrene excimer is less sensitive to the quenching by gold substrate than pyrene monomer excited state. The photocurrent generates from the excimer emissive SAM more effectively than the monomer emissive SAM.
Simulation of cracks in wood using a coupled material model for interface elements
Authors: Schmidt Jörg , Kaliske Michael 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A three-dimensional anisotropic material model is presented that is applicable in combination with interface elements for simulation of the behavior of timber structures loaded in shear and tension perpendicular to the wood fibers. The material model can predict the stresses derived from the three-dimensional state of deformation. Determination of the algorithmic material tangent is shown. Computation of a stress component results from deformation in all directions. Furthermore, a damage model is implemented to simulate cyclic loading that yields a realistic unloading function for a cracked structure. In this case, a continuous-differentiable material formulation guarantees a robust path-following algorithm. A basic example is used to demonstrate the capability of the model to simulate the behavior of timber structures realistically and underlines the need for further research.
Failure mechanisms in wood-based materials: A review of discrete, continuum, and hybrid finite-element representations
Authors: Smith Ian , Snow Monica , Asiz Andi , Vasic Svetlana 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Challenges arise in finite element (FE) analyses that predict mechanical failure in wood-based materials because their structural complexity is difficult to mimic. When considered at the macro scale, wood and engineered wood composites can reasonably be assumed to behave as homogenous continua. However, accurate meso- and micro-scale representations require a different approach. Models employing discrete FEs are robust tools for detailed failure analysis, because the elements can be made to mimic the functions of morphological structures in the material. Hybrid models that meld continuum and discrete FEs also show good promise as generalised analysis tools, but as yet their development is in its infancy. In the future, beyond mechanical damage, other energy sinks also need to be included in models, and computational efficiency should be improved. In this overview, the advantages and limitations of alternative FE representations are demonstrated in terms of failure processes in wood-based materials via case analyses.
Adsorption of water-soluble organic dyes on ferrofluid-modified sawdust
Authors: Safarik Ivo , Lunackova Petra , Mosiniewicz-Szablewska Ewa , Weyda Frantisek , Safarikova Mirka 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A magnetically responsive composite material based on lignocellulose and magnetic nanoparticles has been prepared. Spruce sawdust was magnetically modified by contact with water-based magnetic fluid stabilised with perchloric acid. Electron spin resonance and transmission electron microscopy measurements indicated the presence of both individual magnetic nanoparticles and clusters precipitated on the surface of sawdust particles. The material prepared was used to study the adsorption of selected water-soluble organic dyes. The adsorption isotherms followed Langmuir, generalised Freundlich, generalised Langmuir, and Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption patterns. Maximum adsorption capacities for acridine orange, Bismarck brown, crystal violet, malachite green, methyl green, Nile blue, safranin O and Saturn blue LBRR 200 ranged between 34 and 59 mg g-1 dry adsorbent. A change in pH value can increase the dye adsorption. Ferrofluid-modified sawdust is thus an interesting material for further study and potential applications.
Power and Sample Size Estimation Techniques for Fisheries Management: Assessment and a New Computational Tool
Authors: Gerow Kenneth G. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Formulae for sample size calculations in the literature are often predicated on unrealistic assumptions (e.g., equal variances) or on unrealistic or undesirable designs (e.g., two independent samples of the same size). In addition, sample size and power calculations usually involve repeated use of a given formula that the researcher works through varying inputs (significance level (α), power choices, design choices, etc.), making the process of considering sample size and power issues unpleasantly tedious and error prone. I survey those formulae in the fisheries literature and describe deficiencies. I then discuss sample size formulae that correct these deficiencies and describe a freely available Excel tool that enables the calculations.
Supporting Learning‐Disabled Adults in Literacy
Authors: Pannucci Lynnette , Walmsley Sean A. 
Published: March 2007

The learning difficulties of 23 adults were investigated in order to determine ways to better serve their literacy needs. These adults were all living in poverty, had less than eighth‐grade literacy levels, and had failed to graduate from high school. The participants' records were examined and structured interviews were conducted with them; also, best practices from the professional literature were researched. In addition, 10 adults who had learning difficulties throughout their schooling but graduated from high school were interviewed. These adults are all now successful in their chosen professions.The study found several learning difficulties that were common among the 23 adults (e.g., lack of organizational ability) and several that showed up in the majority (e.g., modality overload). In terms of best teaching practices, the study found many featured prominently in the literature (e.g., connecting learning to the adults' interests and purpose for learning), as well as some unique practices offered by the 10 successful adults.One of the most important conclusions reached in this study is that with sufficient determination and motivation, and with appropriate strategies, an adult with quite severe learning difficulties can succeed.
Khmer Rap Boys, X‐Men, Asia's Fruits, and Dragonball Z: Creating Multilingual and Multimodal Classroom Contexts
Authors: McGinnis Theresa Ann 
Published: March 2007

In our rapidly changing global culture, students' social worlds are becoming increasingly multilingual and multimodal, yet school practices do not often reflect the complexities or diversity of students' literacy and language practices. Valuing students' experiences with language and culture is important in creating supportive learning environments. This is true for all learners, but perhaps particularly so for immigrant students.This article presents the use of inquiry‐based projects as one pedagogical practice that can support students' literacy and language, create supportive classroom environments, and provide an avenue for teachers to learn more about the social worlds of their students. In particular, it describes how the use of inquiry‐based projects with middle school‐aged children of migratory agricultural workers served as a small space for some of the students to address feelings of loss of home and country. For others, the project served as a way to make sense of their new American identities. Important for this discussion is the notion that when students are allowed to bring in the literacy and language practices they engage in naturally in their social worlds, it is possible to broaden the monolingual and one‐dimensional nature of our curricula and create multilevel literacy communities within the classroom.
The Expertise of Adolescent Literacy Teachers
Authors: Parris Sheri R. , Block Cathy Collins 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of the study described in this article was to identify the qualities of teaching expertise that correlate with highly effective literacy instruction in grades 6 through 12. Findings draw on survey responses of secondary literacy supervisors at the local school district or state department of education level in every U.S. state. From these responses, 397 characteristics of teaching expertise were analyzed and collapsed into 38 categorical behaviors. After interrater reliabilities were computed, researchers returned to analyze and consolidate the data. This process yielded the following eight domains of secondary literacy teaching expertise:
Approaches to teaching (pedagogy)
Addressing diverse needs
Personal characteristics
Knowledge base
Approaches to teaching (activities)
Professional development
Appropriate relationships with students
Classroom management
Applications of these data for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Training Paraprofessionals to Effectively Work With all Students
Authors: Cobb Charlene 
Published: March 2007

Paraprofessionals can serve a vital role in supporting the literacy achievement of all students. However, many times their services are underutilized.As instructional leaders in a school, the principal and reading specialist can facilitate training for paraprofessionals that supports classroom instruction, is cost effective, and is relatively simple to implement. This article presents what that training might look like, beginning with a needs assessment, continuing with training, and concluding with follow‐up consultations.
Starting Out Together: A Home–School Partnership for Preschool and Beyond
Authors: Paratore Jeanne R. , Jordan Gail 
Published: March 2007

Research has indicated the critical role families play in supporting literacy development in young children. Developing effective home–school partnerships is an important step in helping parents provide that support.This column describes a program designed for families of preschool children, but with an eye on later literacy achievement. The program, Building Language Together, focuses on the development of cognitive, linguistic abilities that provide the framework for academic success. It addresses areas of vocabulary development, narrative understanding, phonological awareness, and expository text.
Adding Insulin Glargine Versus Rosiglitazone
Authors: Vinik Aaron I. , Zhang Quanwu 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—We sought to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin glargine or rosiglitazone as add-on therapy to sulfonylurea plus metformin.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—HRQOL was evaluated in 217 subjects uncontrolled with sulfonylurea plus metformin, enrolled in a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial of add-on insulin glargine versus rosiglitazone. A 40-item, self-administered questionnaire at baseline and at weeks 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 was given, including the 34-item Diabetes Symptom Checklist-Revised (DSC-R), a 5-item mental health scale from the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and a single-item health rating from the SF-36. These assessments do not specify route of therapy.
RESULTS—Both treatment groups showed similar improvements in glycemic control from baseline to week 24 (change in A1C: −1.66% in the insulin glargine group, −1.51% in the rosiglitazone group, P = 0.1446). Both groups also showed improvement in HRQOL, although subjects treated with insulin glargine experienced significantly greater improvements compared with rosiglitazone in the DSC-R total symptom score (P = 0.005), total symptom distress score (P = 0.03), individual domain scores for mood symptoms (P = 0.007), ophthalmologic symptoms (P = 0.007), ophthalmologic distress (P = 0.013), fatigue distress (P = 0.033), and SF-36 perception of general health (P = 0.047).
CONCLUSIONS—Although addition of insulin glargine and rosiglitazone achieved comparable improvements in glycemic control, insulin glargine was associated with greater improvements in HRQOL, indicating that other factors (e.g., safety profile and nonglycemic actions) may further enhance HRQOL in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Serum Selenium and Diabetes in U.S. Adults
Authors: Bleys Joachim , Navas-Acien Ana , Guallar Eliseo 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between serum selenium levels and the prevalence of diabetes among U.S. adults.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 8,876 adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes was defined as the presence of a fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl, a self-report of a physician diagnosis of diabetes, or current use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic medication. Serum selenium was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry.
RESULTS—Mean serum selenium levels in participants with and without diabetes were 126.5 and 125.7 ng/ml, respectively. Age-, sex-, race-, and BMI-adjusted mean selenium levels were 126.8 ng/ml in participants with diabetes and 124.7 ng/ml in participants without diabetes (adjusted difference 2.1 ng/ml [95% CI 0.4–3.8]; P = 0.02). The multivariable adjusted odds ratio for diabetes comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of serum selenium was 1.57 [1.16–2.13]. However, the association between high serum selenium and the prevalence of diabetes was nonlinear, with no clear trend in quintiles 2–4.
CONCLUSIONS—In a probability sample of the U.S. population, high serum selenium levels were positively associated with the prevalence of diabetes. Until findings from prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are available, selenium intake, including selenium supplementation, should not be recommended for primary or secondary diabetes prevention in populations with adequate selenium status such as the U.S. population.
The Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Jamal Sophie A. , Booth Gillian L. , Hawker Gillian A. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—Compared with men and women without diabetes, individuals with type 2 diabetes have higher bone mineral density (BMD). However, they may still be at increased risk for hip fractures. Using population-based Ontario health care data, we compared the risk of hip fractures among men and women with and without diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using a retrospective cohort design, we identified Ontario residents aged ≥66 years with diabetes from a validated registry from 1994 to 1995 (n = 197,412) and followed them for their first hip fracture until 31 March 2003 (mean 6.1-year follow-up). Hip fracture rates were compared with those of age-matched Ontario residents without diabetes (n = 401,400), and results were stratified by sex and adjusted for age and other covariates.
RESULTS—Compared with individuals without diabetes, individuals with diabetes had greater comorbidity, were less likely to have had a BMD test, and were more likely to be taking medications that increase risk of falling and decrease BMD. After adjusting for these differences and age, we found that diabetes increased fracture risk in both men (hazard ratio 1.18 [95% CI 1.12–1.24], P &lt; 0.0001) and women (1.11 [1.08–1.15], P &lt; 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS—Men and women with diabetes have a higher risk of hip fractures compared with individuals without diabetes. Further research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this increased risk of fracture is needed, as well as increased attention to fracture prevention strategies in patients with diabetes.
The Effect of Cinnamon on A1C Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Altschuler Justin A. , Casella Samuel J. , MacKenzie Todd A. , Curtis Kevin M. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cinnamon on glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Using a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 72 adolescent type 1 diabetic subjects were treated in an outpatient setting with cinnamon (1 g/day) or an equivalent-appearing placebo for 90 days. A1C, total daily insulin intake, and adverse events were recorded and compared between groups.
RESULTS—There were no significant differences in final A1C (8.8 vs. 8.7, P = 0.88), change in A1C (0.3 vs. 0.0, P = 0.13), total daily insulin intake, or number of hypoglycemic episodes between the cinnamon and placebo arms.
CONCLUSIONS—Cinnamon is not effective for improving glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Prenatal Exposures and Glucose Metabolism in Adulthood
Authors: Thomas Claudia , Hyppönen Elina , Power Chris 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—Birth weight has been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in several studies. We investigated whether prenatal influences on birth weight (gestational age, parity, preeclampsia, prepregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, and socioeconomic position [SEP]) were associated with glucose metabolism in midlife and the role of birth weight for gestational age (BGA) and adult adiposity in mediating these associations.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from 7,518 participants of the 1958 British Birth Cohort with information on A1C at age 45 years were analyzed. Associations between prenatal exposures and A1C ≥6% were examined using a series of logistic regression models. The basic model consisted of all prenatal factors (except parity) adjusted for sex and family history of type 2 diabetes. Further adjustments included BGA only, concurrent adiposity only (BMI and waist circumference), and BGA plus adiposity.
RESULTS—In the basic model, preeclampsia (odds ratio 1.78 [95% CI 1.14–2.80]), prepregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (1.90 [1.45–2.47]), maternal smoking (1.33 [1.04–1.71]), and manual SEP (1.87 [1.36–2.58]) were independently associated with A1C at 45 years of age. Adjustment for BGA had little impact on the prenatal factors/A1C associations, whereas adjustment for adult adiposity at 45 years substantially reduced associations for prepregnancy BMI, smoking during pregnancy, and SEP.
CONCLUSIONS—Prenatal exposures were related to blood glucose levels in mid-adulthood. Associations for several prenatal factors were largely mediated through adult adiposity but surprisingly not through birth weight. Prenatal exposures are likely to have the strongest effect on glucose metabolism indirectly through their influence on adiposity.