bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling streamflow responses to land use and land cover change using MIKE SHE model in the upper Omo Gibe catchment of Ethiopia
Authors: Werede Kindie Zewdie , Lohani Tarun Kumar , Neka Bogale Gebremariam , Geremew Getachew Bereta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the upper Gibe catchment were studied intricately using the MIKE SHE model and analyzed through statistical tests. The Mann–Kendall test was used to identify potential trends, while the Pettit test was used to detect abrupt changes in rainfall, temperature, and streamflow. A set of three maps of LULC change (1990, 2003, and 2018) was developed to observe how they affect the hydrological pattern of the catchment. Statistical analyses were conducted at mean annual time scales to establish relationships among the anomalies. It has been noted that certain temperature gauges showed statistically significant increases in temperature. Change points in the 1980s and 1990s were identified during the study period. The annual streamflow trends displayed an increasing trend that was not that significant. LULC changes contributed to increased surface runoff, attributed to agricultural, settlement, and water body expansion, as well as reductions in bare land, forest, shrubland, and grassland. The MIKE SHE model performed well during both the calibration and validation periods on the monthly time scale. The alterations in LULC had a noticeable impact on stream flows during both wet and dry seasons, resulting in increased mean monthly stream flows during the wet season and decreased flows during the dry season. The MIKE SHE study and related statistical analysis is quite a different method to perceive the results.
A study on spontaneously translational symmetry breaking in the excited states of holographic superconductor
Authors: Xiang Qian , Zhao Li , Fang Tie-Feng , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We revisit HHH model [1] and extend the ansatz of matter fields to being of depending on a spatial dimension except the holographic direction. Despite homogeneous solutions of ground and excited states, especially for the excited states, there also exists solutions where the translational invariance is broken. It is worth mentioning that no periodic sources are assigned to the matter fields, so the translational symmetry is broken spontaneously. We investigate how the new solutions and the condensates of excited states develop with the change of temperature. Moreover, since this kind of condensate will decrease at certain temperature and eventually vanish at sufficiently low temperature, we also study the relation between this interval and length of lattice. Besides, we compare the free energies of non-translational invariant solutions and those of translational invariance in the HHH model, and find that the free energies of the former situations are lower.
Drell-Yan bounds on gapped continuum spectra
Authors: Arganda E. , Delgado A. , Martin A. , Megías E. , Morales R.A. , Quirós M. , Saxton T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Theories with gapped continuum spectra have gotten some attention, either as pure 4D models like unparticles, or in 5D realizations as certain soft walls constructions. In this paper, we derive experimental bounds from Drell-Yan processes (pp → ℓ+ℓ−, pp → ℓ±ν) in a particular scenario where the electroweak bosons propagate in an extra dimension that produces a propagator with a continuum spectrum, on top of the isolated corresponding Standard Model pole. Using current LHC data we put a lower bound on the gap of 4.2 TeV (expected), 6.2 TeV (observed, bins with < 10 events combined) at 95% CL, with some dependence in the observed limit on how low statistics bins are treated. We also study the limits for HL-LHC.
Modeling the 2022 Tonga Eruption Tsunami Recorded on Ocean Bottom Pressure and Tide Gauges Around the Pacific
Authors: Fujii Yushiro , Satake Kenji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTsunamis generated by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption on January 15, 2022 were recorded on ocean bottom pressure and tide gauges around the Pacific Ocean, earlier than the expected arrival times calculated by tsunami propagation speed. Atmospheric waves from the eruption were also recorded globally with propagation speeds of ~ 310 m/s (Lamb wave) and 200–250 m/s (Pekeris wave). Previous studies have suggested that these propagating atmospheric waves caused at least the initial part of the observed tsunami. We simulated the tsunamis generated by the propagation of the Lamb and Pekeris waves by adding concentric atmospheric pressure changes. The concentric sources are parameterized by their propagation speeds, initial atmospheric wave amplitudes that decay with the distance, and a rise time. For the Lamb wave, inversions of the observed tsunami waveforms at 14 U.S. and nine New Zealand DART stations indicate the start of the positive rise at 4:16 UTC, the peak amplitude of 383 hPa, and the propagation speed of 310 m/s, assuming a rise time of 10 min. The later phases of the observed tsunami waveforms can be better reproduced by adding another propagating concentric wave (Pekeris wave) with a negative amplitude (− 50 hPa) and propagation speeds of 200–250 m/s. The DART records around the Pacific indicate that the Pekeris wave speed is faster toward the northwest and slightly slower toward the northeast. The synthetic waveforms roughly reproduced the far-field tsunami waveforms recorded at tide gauge stations, including the later phases, suggesting that the large amplitude in the later phase may be due to the coupling of the Pekeris wave and the tsunami, as well as resonance around tide gauge stations.
Entropy Sources from Tunnelling in Standard CMOS Structures
Authors: Keledjian Julian , Lehmann Torsten 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPseudo-random number generators are predominantly utilised as entropy sources in encryption and seeding processes, however, they are deterministic by nature. This paper presents the analysis and design methodology of an on-chip quantum noise source that may suitably be used as an entropy source in true random number generators. Quantum tunnelling is achieved through the strong biasing of a MOS structure to generate gate-referred shot noise. Structures are fabricated in a commercial 40 nm process and the sampled noise is tested against the NIST SP800-90B and SP800-22 test suites, showing a maximal entropy of 0.985 at a bias current of 1500 µA with a consistent pass rate across all NIST tests.
Sterblichkeitsentwicklung in Deutschland im internationalen Kontext
Authors: Grigoriev Pavel , Sauerberg Markus , Jasilionis Domantas , van Raalte Alyson , Klüsener Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Deutschland hat aufgrund seiner großen Wirtschaftskraft und eines gut ausgebauten Gesundheitssystems gute Voraussetzungen für eine überdurchschnittlich starke Reduzierung der Sterblichkeit. Jedoch fällt Deutschland bei der Lebenserwartung in Westeuropa zunehmend zurück. Unsere Analyse vergleicht die Sterblichkeitsentwicklung in Deutschland mit anderen westeuropäischen Ländern zwischen 1960 und 2019. Wir untersuchen langfristige Tendenzen in der Rangposition Deutschlands im westeuropäischen Vergleich und nehmen eine detaillierte Sterblichkeitsanalyse nach Alter vor.

Methoden
Die Analyse stützt sich auf Mortalitätsdaten aus der Human Mortality Database (HMD). Informationen über die Entwicklung einzelner Todesursachen stammen aus der Datenbank der World Health Organization (WHO). Für den internationalen Vergleich verwenden wir etablierte Mortalitätsindikatoren (altersstandardisierte Sterberate, Perioden-Lebenserwartung).

Ergebnisse
Deutschland weist im Vergleich zu anderen westeuropäischen Ländern eine erhöhte Sterblichkeit in den mittleren und hohen Altersgruppen auf. Dabei ist Deutschlands Rückstand in der Lebenserwartung zum Durchschnitt der anderen westeuropäischen Länder gerade in den letzten 20 Jahren noch einmal angewachsen. Lag Deutschland im Jahr 2000 bei den Männern 0,73 Jahre und bei Frauen 0,74 Jahre zurück, waren es 2019 bereits 1,43 bzw. 1,34 Jahre. Dies erklärt sich überwiegend durch Sterblichkeit an nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten.

Fazit
Damit Deutschland wieder zu den anderen westeuropäischen Ländern aufschließen kann, ist ein stärkerer Fokus auf eine weitere Verringerung der Sterblichkeit im Alter ab 50 Jahren erforderlich. Hierfür ist auch mehr Forschung zu den Ursachen für Deutschlands schlechtes Abschneiden notwendig.
Incidence of pleural effusion with dasatinib and the effect of switching therapy to a different TKI in patients with chronic phase CML
Authors: Jain Akriti G , Gesiotto Quinto , Ball Somedeb , Nodzon Lisa , Rodriguez Amanda , Chan Onyee , Padron Eric , Kuykendall Andrew , Komrokji Rami , Sallman David A. , Lancet Jeffrey E , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Sweet Kendra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDasatinib is one of the second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) which is approved for the treatment of patients with chronic phase CML (CP-CML) both in the front line and in the second line setting. Pleural effusion (PE) is a unique toxicity associated with dasatinib use. Our aim was to study the incidence of pleural effusion in our cohort of patients who were treated with dasatinib for CP-CML and the safety upon TKI switch. A total of 390 patients were treated with dasatinib during their course of treatment for CP-CML. A total of 69 patients (17.6%) developed any grade of PE. About 33 (48%) patients developed CTCAE grade 2 PE, 34 (49%) grade 3 and only 1 patient developed grade 4 PE. Recurrence of PE was observed in 34 (49%) patients. While only 12 patients (17.3%) continued using dasatinib after development of PE, dasatinib was discontinued in the other 57 patients. Therapy was switched to bosutinib in 13 patients out of which 6 (46%) patients re-developed PE. While only 12.5% patients developed re-accumulation of pleural fluid in patients switched to imatinib, none of the patients switched to nilotinib re-developed PE. A change in TKI to bosutinib was associated with a 46% risk of recurrence of PE in patients who develop PE on dasatinib for the treatment of CP-CML. The incidence of recurrent PE was markedly lower in patient switched to imatinib or nilotinib.
Auswirkungen des Susac-Syndroms auf die zentrale Gefäßstruktur der Netzhaut – eine optische Kohärenztomographie-Angiographie-Studie
Authors: Storp Jens Julian , Englmaier Verena Anna , Zimmermann Julian Alexander , Eter Nicole , Lahme Larissa , Alnawaiseh Maged 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Susac-Syndrom (SS) stellt eine Endotheliopathie der Gefäße im Bereich des zentralen Nervensystems dar. Die Beteiligung der Netzhaut spielt in der Krankheitsmanifestation eine zentrale Rolle.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel dieser Fall-Kontroll-Studie ist die Untersuchung der makulären Gefäßstruktur bei Patienten mit chronischem SS im Vergleich zu Kontrollpersonen mittels optischer Kohärenztomographie Angiographie (OCTA).

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 12 Augen von 12 Susac-Patienten mit altersgleichen gesunden Kontrollpersonen hinsichtlich ihrer OCT-angiographischen Parameter verglichen. Die Flussdichte (FD) verschiedener makulärer Schichten, Parameter der fovealen avaskulären Zone (FAZ) sowie die Werte der zentralen Netzhautdicke und des zentralen Netzhautvolumens wurden zwischen den beiden Gruppen verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Die FD-Werte der Choriokapillaris waren in Susac-Patienten im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen signifikant verringert. Die FD-Werte des oberflächlichen und tiefen Kapillarplexus der inneren Netzhaut, die Parameter der FAZ sowie die zentrale Netzhautdicke und -volumen zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen.

Diskussion
Das therapierte, chronische SS scheint keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den vaskulären und strukturellen Aufbau der zentralen, inneren Netzhaut zu haben. Unterschiede der Choriokapillaris deuten jedoch auf Veränderungen in tiefer liegenden, stark vaskularisierten Kapillarschichten hin.
The ROSA knee robotic system demonstrates superior precision in restoring joint line height and posterior condylar offset compared to conventional manual TKA: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Gamie Zakareya , Paparoidamis George , Milonakis Nikos , Kenanidis Eustathios , Tsiridis Eleftherios 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Variations in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) joint line height may lead to complications such as pain and altered joint mechanics, while posterior condylar offset (PCO) can influence knee stability.

Methods
Single-centre, single-surgeon retrospective analysis from December 2019 to May 2023 investigated primary unilateral TKA (Nexgen Legacy, Zimmer Biomet) in patients with knee osteoarthritis, using ROSA robotic system (raTKA) or conventional manual technique (mTKA). Joint line height and PCO were measured and compared in 182 raTKA and 144 mTKA patients.

Results
The groups were matched in age (p = 0.847) and sex distribution (p = 0.2). Excellent interobserver agreement (ICC ≥ 0.9). RaTKA mean joint line height difference was − 0.0001 mm (± 3.48, 95% CI − 0.509, 0.509) (p = 0.523), − 0.951 mm for mTKA (± 4.33, 95% CI − 1.664, − 0.237) (p = 0.009). RaTKA mean PCO difference was 0.52 mm (± 2.45, 95% CI 0.160, 0.880) (p = 0.005), 1.15 mm for mTKA (± 4.01, 95% CI – 1.496, 1.818) (p < 0.001). Mean difference in joint line height of 0.95 mm between groups was significant (p = 0.027), and for PCO, it was 0.63 mm, demonstrating tendency towards significance (p = 0.08). Mean absolute value in joint line height difference between groups was not significant (p = 0.235) but highly significant for PCO (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The ROSA knee robotic system can more accurately restore joint line height and PCO compared to conventional manual TKA. The improved degree of precision raTKA offers may be a vehicle for better Patient-Reported Outcome Measures, but further correlational studies are required.
Exploring natural killer cell-related biomarkers in multiple myeloma: a novel nature killer cell-related model predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response using single-cell study
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Xiaoning , Zhu Huachao , Wei Suhua , Zhang Hailing , Ma Le , Zhu Wenjuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Natural killer cells (NKs) may be involved in multiple myeloma (MM) progression. The present study elucidated the correlation between NKs and the progression of MM using single-cell binding transcriptome probes to identify NK cell-related biomarkers.

Methods
Single-cell analysis was performed including cell and subtype annotation, cell communication, and pseudotime analysis. Hallmark pathway enrichment analysis of NKs and NKs-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were conducted using Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. Then, a risk model was structured based on biomarkers identified through univariate Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and subsequently validated. Additionally, correlation of clinical characteristics, gene set enrichment analysis, immune analysis, regulatory network, and drug forecasting were explored.

Results
A total of 13 cell clusters were obtained and annotated, including 8 cell populations that consisted of NKs. Utilizing 123 PPI network node genes, 8 NK-related DEGs were selected to construct a prognostic model. Immune cell infiltration results suggested that 11 immune cells exhibited marked differences in the high and low-risk groups. Finally, the model was used to screen potential drug targets to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusion
A new prognostic model for MM associated with NKs was constructed and validated. This model provides a fresh perspective for predicting patient outcomes, immunotherapeutic response, and candidate drugs.
Perspektiven eines politikplanenden Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes: Rechtsrahmen, Ausgestaltung und Forschungsbedarf
Authors: Henn Elisabeth V. , Neubauer Marvin , Marquard Elisabeth , Hodapp Dorothee , Hepach Helmke , Hillebrand Helmut , Seppelt Ralf , Settele Josef 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Biodiversitätsverlust schreitet in bedrohlichem Ausmaß voran. Mit dem Global Biodiversity
Framework und voraussichtlich dem Nature Restoration Law bestehen nun auf internationaler und europäischer
Ebene vielversprechende Ansätze, ihm Herr zu werden. Jetzt ist der Bundesgesetzgeber – nicht
zuletzt aus verfassungsrechtlichen Erwägungen – aufgerufen, daran anzuknüpfen. Dazu bietet
sich die Regelungsform eines Rahmen- und Politikplanungsgesetzes an, wie sie schon aus dem Klimaschutzgesetz
und dem Klimaanpassungsgesetz bekannt ist. Der Aufsatz beleuchtet den internationalen, europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen
Hintergrund eines solchen ‘Biodiversitätsschutzgesetzes’ und diskutiert – unter Zusammenarbeit
sowohl rechts- als auch naturwissenschaftlicher Autor:innen – formale und materielle Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten.
Antioxidant status and performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles fed diets containing non-nutritive Aloysia triphylla essential oil
Authors: de Souza Valente Cecília , Coates Christopher J. , Cagol Luana , Bombardelli Robie Allan , Becker Alexssandro Geferson , Schmidt Denise , Heinzmann Berta Maria , Vaz-dos-Santos André M. , Baldisserotto Bernardo , Ballester Eduardo Luis Cupertino 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncorporating essential oils as dietary supplements in aquaculture is increasing in popularity. In prawn farming, their use is associated with reduced disease outbreaks, enhanced immunity, and improved animal growth and welfare. Herein, we explored the use of lemon beebrush essential oil (Aloysia triphylla; EOAT) in the diet of juvenile giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and its potential impact on growth performance and oxidative status of the hepatopancreas. Four hundred juvenile M. rosenbergii (0.40 ± 0.19 g, similar weights between sexes) were fed diets containing concentrations of EOAT at 0.0% (control), 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.3% for 50 days. Each experimental group had five replicates, with 20 prawns per experimental unit. Prawn survival remained above 84% for all experimental groups. Prawn weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and body condition were similar among all experimental groups. Dietary EOAT increased activities of the enzymatic antioxidants, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and varied glutathione S transferase activity in the hepatopancreas of prawns when compared to those fed the control diet. Dietary EOAT did not affect malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) levels. While EOAT had no impact on survival and growth of M. rosenbergii, it may modulate the detoxification capacity of the hepatopancreas (i.e., metabolic resistance). Future work should prospect EOAT as part of a nutraceutical blend, especially when combined with known growth enhancers and immune stimulants. Based on our results, dietary inclusion of 0.2% EOAT is the most suitable for juvenile M. rosenbergii farming.
Investigating Fire–Atmosphere Interaction in a Forest Canopy Using Wavelets
Authors: Desai Ajinkya , Guilloteau Clément , Heilman Warren E. , Charney Joseph J. , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Clark Kenneth L. , Gallagher Michael R. , Foufoula-Georgiou Efi , Banerjee Tirtha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWildland fire–atmosphere interaction generates complex turbulence patterns, organized across multiple scales, which inform fire-spread behaviour, firebrand transport, and smoke dispersion. Here, we utilize wavelet-based techniques to explore the characteristic temporal scales associated with coherent patterns in the measured temperature and the turbulent fluxes during a prescribed wind-driven (heading) surface fire beneath a forest canopy. We use temperature and velocity measurements from tower-mounted sonic anemometers at multiple heights. Patterns in the wavelet-based energy density of the measured temperature plotted on a time–frequency plane indicate the presence of fire-modulated ramp–cliff structures in the low-to-mid-frequency band (0.01–0.33 Hz), with mean ramp durations approximately 20% shorter and ramp slopes that are an order of magnitude higher compared to no-fire conditions. We then investigate heat- and momentum-flux events near the canopy top through a cross-wavelet coherence analysis. Briefly before the fire-front arrives at the tower base, momentum-flux events are relatively suppressed and turbulent fluxes are chiefly thermally-driven near the canopy top, owing to the tilting of the flame in the direction of the wind. Fire-induced heat-flux events comprising warm updrafts and cool downdrafts are coherent down to periods of a second, whereas ambient heat-flux events operate mainly at higher periods (above 17 s). Later, when the strongest temperature fluctuations are recorded near the surface, fire-induced heat-flux events occur intermittently at shorter scales and cool sweeps start being seen for periods ranging from 8 to 35 s near the canopy top, suggesting a diminishing influence of the flame and increasing background atmospheric variability thereat. The improved understanding of the characteristic time scales associated with fire-induced turbulence features, as the fire-front evolves, will help develop more reliable fire behaviour and scalar transport models.
Young People’s Perspectives on Parents Helping Young People Exposed to Trauma
Authors: Berger Emily , Marston Natasha , Faragher Brenna C. , Allen Kelly-Ann , Martin Karen , O’Donohue Katelyn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of trauma among young people is alarming due to its considerable effects on their wellbeing and development. Parents can provide crucial support for young people exposed to trauma, however, there is limited research on how parents can help young people exposed to trauma from a youth perspective.

Objective
This study explored the perspectives of young people regarding strategies and approaches parents can take to assist young people to cope with traumatic events.

Methods
An anonymous online survey created in Australia was distributed to young people aged 15 to 18 years to identify what parents can do to help young people exposed to trauma. A total of 159 young people completed the survey.

Results
Qualitative thematic analysis revealed that young people felt parents could listen to and validate the experiences of young people and provide them with help and guidance. Young people recommended that parents should support those who have experience trauma by adopting a non-confrontational, empathetic, and understanding approach, and refrain from expressing anger, judgment, dismissiveness, ridicule, or blame. Young people also recommended parents encourage, empower, and provide guidance to young people exposed to trauma. Participants spoke about the importance of parents spending time with young people and ensuring that young people have access to mental health support. However, participants highlighted that parents should not pressure young people to engage in counselling.

Conclusions
Implications from this study emphasise the importance of education and resources to help parents support, promote recovery and prevent further harm and re-traumatisation of young people exposed to trauma. This study has implications for mental health professionals working with parents to help them effectively support young people exposed to trauma. Results from this study inform the development of trauma-informed parenting programs to ensure that young people exposed to trauma receive adequate parental support.