bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of liver function and prognosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Zhang Shaoqiu , Wang Jian , Zhang Qun , Pan Yifan , Zhang Zhiyi , Geng Yu , Jia Bei , Li Yuanyuan , Xiong Yali , Yan Xiaomin , Li Jie , Wang Huali , Wu Chao , Huang Rui 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an epidemic emerging infectious disease with high mortality rate. We investigated the association between liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with SFTS.

Methods
A total of 291 hospitalized SFTS patients were retrospectively included. Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to identify risk factors of fatal outcome and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate cumulative risks.

Results
60.1% of patients had liver injury at admission, and the median alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBil) levels were 76.4 U/L, 152.3 U/L, 69.8 U/L and 9.9 μmol/L, respectively. Compared to survivors, non-survivors had higher levels of AST (253.0 U/L vs. 131.1 U/L, P < 0.001) and ALP (86.2 U/L vs. 67.9 U/L, P = 0.006), higher proportion of elevated ALP (20.0% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.001) and liver injury (78.5% vs. 54.9%, P = 0.001) at admission. The presence of liver injury (HR 2.049, P = 0.033) at admission was an independent risk factor of fatal outcome.

Conclusions
Liver injury was a common complication and was strongly associated with poor prognosis in SFTS patients. Liver function indicators should be closely monitored for SFTS patients.
Local amphotericin B therapy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A systematic review
Authors: Alves Líndicy Leidicy , Freire Mariana Lourenço , Troian Isadora Lana , Morais-Teixeira Eliane de , Cota Gláucia 
Published: April 2024

Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by potentially disfiguring skin ulcers carrying significant social stigma. To mitigate systemic drug exposure and reduce the toxicity from available treatments, studies addressing new local therapeutic strategies using available medications are coming up. This review systematically compiles preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy of amphotericin B (AmB) administered locally for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Methodology
Structured searches were conducted in major databases. Clinical studies reporting cure rates and preclinical studies presenting any efficacy outcome were included. Exclusion criteria comprised nonoriginal studies, in vitro investigations, studies with fewer than 10 treated patients, and those evaluating AmB in combination with other antileishmanial drug components.

Principal findings
A total of 21 studies were identified, encompassing 16 preclinical and five clinical studies. Preclinical assessments generally involved the topical use of commercial AmB formulations, often in conjunction with carriers or controlled release systems. However, the variation in the treatment schedules hindered direct comparisons. In clinical studies, topical AmB achieved a pooled cure rate of 45.6% [CI: 27.5–64.8%; I2 = 79.7; p = 0.002), while intralesional (IL) administration resulted in a 69.8% cure rate [CI: 52.3–82.9%; I2 = 63.9; p = 0.06). In the direct comparison available, no significant difference was noted between AmB-IL and meglumine antimoniate-IL administration (OR:1.7; CI:0.34–9.15, I2 = 79.1; p = 0.00), however a very low certainty of evidence was verified.

Conclusions
Different AmB formulations and administration routes have been explored in preclinical and clinical studies. Developing therapeutic technologies is evident. Current findings might be interpreted as a favorable proof of concept for the local AmB administration which makes this intervention eligible to be explored in future well-designed studies towards less toxic treatments for leishmaniasis.
Psychosocial working conditions as determinants of slips and lapses, and poor social interactions with patients among medical assistants in Germany: A cohort study
Authors: Mambrey Viola , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: April 2024

Objective
We sought to examine the relationship of unfavorable psychosocial working conditions with slips and lapses and poor patient interaction as well as potential intermediate factors among medical assistants (MAs) in Germany based on prospective data.

Methods
We used data from 408 MAs from a 4-year cohort study (follow-up: 2021). At baseline, psychosocial working conditions were assessed by the established effort-reward-imbalance questionnaire and a MA-specific questionnaire with 7 subscales. Frequency of slips and lapses (e.g., pertaining to measurements and documentation) and the quality of patient interactions (e.g., unfriendliness or impatience) due to work stress were assessed at follow-up with three items each (potential score ranges = 3–15). Potential intermediate factors at baseline included work engagement (i.e., vitality and dedication (UWES)), work satisfaction (COPSOQ), anxiety (GAD-2), depressiveness (PHQ-2), and self-reported health. We ran multivariable linear regression using z-standardized exposures to estimate unstandardized coefficients (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Potential intermediate factors were added separately to the regression models. Attenuation of the association between exposure and outcome toward the null value (B = 0) was interpreted as mediation.

Results
High reward and lack of resources were weakly associated with the frequency of slips and lapses (the Bs were -0.18 and 0.23, respectively; p<0.05), with little evidence of mediation. With the exception of low recognition, all unfavorable psychosocial working conditions predicted a higher frequency of poor interactions with patients (p-values<0.01). These associations were attenuated by work engagement, work satisfaction, and health outcomes.

Conclusion
We found mostly non-significant associations between adverse psychosocial working conditions and the frequency of slips and lapses. However, unfavorable psychosocial working conditions among MAs predicted a higher frequency of poor interaction with patients due to stress.
Guidelines for tuberculosis screening and preventive treatment among pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV in PEPFAR-supported countries
Authors: Hirsch-Moverman Yael , Hsu Allison , Abrams Elaine J. , Killam William P. , Moore Brittany , Howard Andrea A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for persons living with HIV, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. Given the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)’s investment in TPT services for persons living with HIV as a strategy to prevent TB as well as uncertainty in guidelines and policy regarding use of TPT during pregnancy and the postpartum period, we conducted a review of current relevant national guidelines among PEPFAR-supported countries.

Methods
Our review included 44/49 PEPFAR-supported countries to determine if TB screening and TPT are recommended specifically for pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV (WLHIV). National guidelines reviewed and abstracted included TB, HIV, prevention of vertical HIV transmission, TPT, and any other relevant guidelines. We abstracted information regarding TB screening, including screening tools and frequency; and TPT, including timing, regimen, frequency, and laboratory monitoring.

Results
Of 44 PEPFAR-supported countries for which guidelines were reviewed, 66% were high TB incidence countries; 41% were classified by WHO as high TB burden countries, and 43% as high HIV-associated TB burden countries. We found that 64% (n = 28) of countries included TB screening recommendations for pregnant WLHIV in their national guidelines, and most (n = 35, 80%) countries recommend TPT for pregnant WLHIV. Fewer countries included recommendations for breastfeeding as compared to pregnant WLHIV, with only 32% (n = 14) mentioning TB screening and 45% (n = 20) specifically recommending TPT for this population; most of these recommend isoniazid-based TPT regimens for pregnant and breastfeeding WLHIV. However, several countries also recommend isoniazid combined with rifampicin (3RH) or rifapentine (3HP).

Conclusions
Despite progress in the number of PEPFAR-supported countries that specifically include TB screening and TPT recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding WLHIV in their national guidelines, many PEPFAR-supported countries still do not include specific screening and TPT recommendations for pregnant and breastfeeding WLHIV.
Post-operative bracing following adult spine deformity surgery: Results from the AO Spine surveillance of post-operative management of patients with adult spine deformity
Authors: Kato So , Smith Justin S. , Driesman Devin , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Lewis Stephen J. ,   AO Spine Knowledge Forum Deformity
Published: April 2024

Study design
Cross-sectional international survey with a literature review.

Objectives
While some surgeons favor spine bracing after surgery for adult spine deformity (ASD) to help prevent mechanical failures, there is a lack of evidence. The objective of the present study was to better understand the current trend in the use of bracing following ASD surgery based on an international survey.

Methods
An e-mail-based online survey was conducted among over 6000 international AO Spine members regarding the post-operative management of patients with ASD. The details of brace prescription, indications and influencing factors were solicited. Descriptive data were summarized based on different demographic groups and fusion levels for the responding surgeons who annually perform at least 10 long-segment fusions of >5 levels extending to the pelvis.

Results
A total of 116 responses were received, including 71 surgeons (61%) who used post-operative bracing for >5 levels of long fusion. The most common reason for bracing was pain management (55%) and bone quality was the strongest influencing factor (69%). Asia-Pacific surgeons had the highest rate of bracing (88%), while North American surgeons had the lowest (45%). The most common type of brace used were TLSO for cases with an uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) in the low- or mid-thoracic spine and a cervical brace for UIV at T1-3. The majority (56%) used bracing for 6–12 weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
The present survey demonstrated significant interest in bracing following ASD surgery, however, there is substantial variability in post-operative bracing practice. A formal study on the role of bracing in ASD surgery is needed.
Aspirin or enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis after primary partial, total or revision hip or knee arthroplasty: A secondary analysis from the CRISTAL cluster randomized trial
Authors:   The CRISTAL Study Group
Published: April 2024

Background
This study compares aspirin to enoxaparin for symptomatic VTE prophylaxis within 90 days of any type of hip or knee arthroplasty performed for any diagnosis, in patients enrolled in the CRISTAL trial.

Materials and methods
CRISTAL was a cluster-randomised crossover, registry-nested non-inferiority trial across 31 hospitals in Australia. The primary publication was restricted to patients undergoing primary total hip or knee arthroplasty for a diagnosis of osteoarthritis. This report includes all enrolled patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty procedures (partial or total, primary or revision) performed for any indication. Hospitals were randomized to administer patients aspirin (100mg daily) or enoxaparin (40mg daily), for 35 days after hip arthroplasty and 14 days after knee arthroplasty. Crossover occurred after the patient enrolment target had been met for the first group. The primary outcome was symptomatic VTE within 90 days. Analyses were performed by randomization group.

Results
Between April 20, 2019 and December 18, 2020, 12384 patients were enrolled (7238 aspirin group and 5146 enoxaparin). Of these, 6901 (95.3%) given aspirin and 4827 (93.8%) given enoxaparin (total 11728, 94.7%) were included in the final analyses. Within 90 days, symptomatic VTE occurred in 226 (3.27%) aspirin patients and 85 (1.76%) enoxaparin patients, significant for the superiority of enoxaparin (estimated treatment difference 1.85%, 95% CI 0.59% to 3.10%, p = 0.004). Joint-related reoperation within 90 days was lower in the enoxaparin group (109/4827 (2.26%) vs 171/6896 (2.47%) with aspirin, estimated difference 0.77%; 95% CI 0.06% to 1.47%, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences in the other secondary outcomes.

Conclusion
In patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty (of any type, performed for any indication) enrolled in the CRISTAL trial, aspirin compared to enoxaparin resulted in a significantly higher rate of symptomatic VTE and joint-related reoperation within 90 days. These findings extend the applicability of the CRISTAL trial results.

Trial registration
Anzctr.org.au, identifier: ACTRN12618001879257.
Widely targeted metabolomics reveals differences in metabolites of Paeonia lactiflora cultivars
Authors: Li Yonghui , Tian Yingying , Zhou Xiaojun , Guo Xiangmeng , Ya Huiyuan , Li Shipeng , Yu Xiangli , Yuan Congying , Gao Kai 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Paeonia lactiflora contains diverse active constituents and exhibits various pharmacological activities. However, only partial identification of biologically active substances from P. lactiflora has been achieved using low-throughput techniques. Here, the roots of P. lactiflora, namely, Fenyunu (CK), Dafugui (DFG), and Red Charm (HSML), were studied. The primary and secondary metabolites were investigated using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESIMS/MS).

Methods
The chemical compounds and categories were detected using broadly targeted UPLC–MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were carried out for metabolites of different varieties of P. lactiflora.

Results
A total of 1237 compounds were detected and classified into 11 categories. HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA of these metabolites indicated that each variety of P. lactiflora was clearly separated from the other groups. Differential accumulated metabolite analysis revealed that the three P. lactiflora varieties contained 116 differentially activated metabolites (DAMs) involved in flavonoid, flavone, and flavonol metabolism. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that, in 65 pathways, 336 differentially abundant metabolites (DMs) were enriched in the CK and DFG groups; moreover, the type and content of terpenoids were greater in the CK group than in the DFG group. The CK and HSML groups contained 457 DMs enriched in 61 pathways; the type and amount of flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins were greater in the CK group than in the HSML group. The DFG and HSML groups contained 497 DMs enriched in 65 pathways; terpenoids and alkaloids were more abundant in the HSML variety than in the DFG variety.

Conclusions
A total of 1237 compounds were detected, and the results revealed significant differences among the three P. lactiflora varieties. Among the three P. lactiflora varieties, phenolic acids and flavonoids composed the largest and most diverse category of metabolites, and their contents varied greatly. Therefore, CK is suitable for medicinal plant varieties, and DFG and HSML are suitable for ornamental plant varieties. Twelve proanthocyanidin metabolites likely determined the differences in color among the three varieties.
Health outcomes in Deaf signing populations: A systematic review
Authors: Rogers Katherine D. , Rowlandson Aleix , Harkness James , Shields Gemma , Young Alys 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
(i) To identify peer reviewed publications reporting the mental and/or physical health outcomes of Deaf adults who are sign language users and to synthesise evidence; (ii) If data available, to analyse how the health of the adult Deaf population compares to that of the general population; (iii) to evaluate the quality of evidence in the identified publications; (iv) to identify limitations of the current evidence base and suggest directions for future research.

Design
Systematic review.

Data sources
Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, and Web of Science.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
The inclusion criteria were Deaf adult populations who used a signed language, all study types, including methods-focused papers which also contain results in relation to health outcomes of Deaf signing populations. Full-text articles, published in peer-review journals were searched up to 13th June 2023, published in English or a signed language such as ASL (American Sign Language).

Data extraction
Supported by the Rayyan systematic review software, two authors independently reviewed identified publications at each screening stage (primary and secondary). A third reviewer was consulted to settle any disagreements. Comprehensive data extraction included research design, study sample, methodology, findings, and a quality assessment.

Results
Of the 35 included studies, the majority (25 out of 35) concerned mental health outcomes. The findings from this review highlighted the inequalities in health and mental health outcomes for Deaf signing populations in comparison with the general population, gaps in the range of conditions studied in relation to Deaf people, and the poor quality of available data.

Conclusions
Population sample definition and consistency of standards of reporting of health outcomes for Deaf people who use sign language should be improved. Further research on health outcomes not previously reported is needed to gain better understanding of Deaf people’s state of health.
Development and validation of the MY-VEG-FFQ: A modular web-based food-frequency questionnaire for vegetarians and vegans
Authors: Avital Kerem , Tepper Sigal , Ben‑Avraham Sivan , Shahar Danit Rivka 
Published: April 2024

Background and objective
The adoption of plant-based diets in recent years has increased the need for accurate assessments of dietary intake among vegans, vegetarians, semi-vegetarians, and omnivores. This study aimed at developing and validating a modular web-based food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), the MY-VEG-FFQ. This FFQ was based on the original FFQ (O-FFQ) designed for the Israeli population and incorporates a skip algorithm tailored for different dietary patterns.

Methods
A convenience sample of 101 participants, recruited via social media, completed the MY-VEG FFQ, as well as a three-day food records, which served as the gold standard for this research. Relative validity of the new FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrients with those in the three-day food records, using Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and cross-classification. The results were compared with 90 O-FFQs that previously had been completed by vegans.

Results
The validation analysis showed that nutrient-intake estimates were generally higher for the MY-VEG-FFQ than those of the three-day food records. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged between 0.25–0.63, indicating an acceptable agreement between the two tools. The proportion of participants with exact or adjacent quartile agreement was between 73%–82%. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed overestimation of nutrient intake via the MY-VEG-FFQ. Compared to the O-FFQ, vegans who completed the MY-VEG-FFQ reported consumption of more food items. Additionally, the MY-VEG-FFQ showed a significantly higher intake of most macro- and micronutrients.

Conclusions
The My-VEG-FFQ demonstrated reasonable validity in assessing dietary intake among people who followed a plant-based diet. However, it tended to overestimate nutrient intake compared to the three-day food records. The development of a modular web-based FFQ with a skip algorithm tailored for specific dietary patterns, fills a crucial gap in accurately assessing the dietary intake of these populations. The MY-VEG-FFQ offers a practical and cost-effective tool for evaluating long-term dietary consumption among people who follow different dietary patterns.
Association between dyslipidemia and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease affected by genetic susceptibility: Polygenic risk score analysis
Authors: Weon Boram , Jang Yunjeong , Jo Jinyeon , Jin Wencheng , Ha Seounguk , Ko Ara , Oh Yun Kyu , Lim Chun Soo , Lee Jung Pyo , Won Sungho , Lee Jeonghwan 
Published: April 2024

Background
The effect of dyslipidemia on kidney disease outcomes has been inconclusive, and it requires further clarification. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of genetic factors on the association between dyslipidemia and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) using polygenic risk score (PRS).

Methods
We analyzed data from 373,523 participants from the UK Biobank aged 40–69 years with no history of CKD. Baseline data included plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride, as well as genome-wide genotype data for PRS. Our primary outcome, incident CKD, was defined as a composite of estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and CKD diagnosis according to International Classification of Disease-10 codes. The effects of the association between lipid levels and PRS on incident CKD were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. To investigate the effect of this association, we introduced multiplicative interaction terms into a multivariate analysis model and performed subgroup analysis stratified by PRS tertiles.

Results
In total, 4,424 participants developed CKD. In the multivariable analysis, PRS was significantly predictive of the risk of incident CKD as both a continuous variable and a categorized variable. In addition, lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and higher triglyceride levels were significantly associated with the risk of incident CKD. There were interactions between triglycerides and intermediate and high PRS, and the interactions were inversely associated with the risk of incident CKD.

Conclusions
This study showed that PRS presented significant predictive power for incident CKD and individuals in the low-PRS group had a higher risk of triglyceride-related incident CKD.