bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel interface‐selective even‐order nonlinear spectroscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi S. , Tahara T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNew interface‐selective second‐ (χ(2)) and fourth‐order (χ(4)) nonlinear spectroscopic techniques have been developed. χ(2) electronic sum frequency generation (ESFG) spectroscopy enables us to obtain interfacial electronic spectra with an unprecedented high signal‐to‐noise ratio and dense wavelength data points. Frequency‐domain χ(4) Raman spectroscopy provides vibrational spectra of interfaces for a very wide wavenumber range covering the whole fingerprint region. Because these new even‐order electronic and vibrational nonlinear spectroscopies utilize only visible and/or near‐infrared laser pulses, they are applicable to a variety of “buried” interfaces that are not readily accessed by the other existing methods.
The influence of inertia on contract design: contingency planning in information technology service contracts
Authors: Mayer Kyle J. , Bercovitz Janet 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper examines whether the prior relationship between two firms produces an inertial drag that influences contracts used for subsequent exchanges. Using data from the information technology services industry, we examine whether inertia develops during the relationship between firms in how they plan for contingencies. While attributes of the current exchange do play a role, we find that the prior relationship between the firms has a constricting effect on future contracts. Prior relationships can create what we call interorganizational inertia, which leads firms to use the same level of contingency planning in current exchanges that they used in prior contracts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splitting the pie: rent distribution in alliances and networks
Authors: Dyer Jeffrey H. , Singh Harbir , Kale Prashant 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of how relational rents, generated through alliances, are distributed to the participating firms. We argue that rent distribution is influenced by factors affecting both jointly generated common benefits and private benefits gained from the alliance relationship. We draw on four perspectives to explain these various effects. The first three, namely the resource dependence perspective, related resources perspective, and structural holes perspective, essentially highlight the private ‘exploitation’ opportunities that a firm's alliance network presents the focal firm. In contrast, the resource development perspective underscores the private ‘exploration’ benefits a firm potentially derives from its alliance network. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive advantage in alliance governance: resolving the opportunism minimization–gain maximization paradox
Authors: Hansen Mark H. , Hoskisson Robert E. , Barney Jay B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper offers a model of alliance governance that explicitly recognizes that managers of alliances simultaneously face the objectives of maximizing gains from trade while minimizing the threat of opportunism in the transaction—an apparent paradox. Our model shows that both the gains from trade and the threat of opportunism are influenced by firm characteristics (cooperative capabilities and trustworthiness) as well as transaction attributes (information asymmetry and asset specificity). The paradox may be resolved by strong form trustworthiness combined with relationship management capabilities because these characteristics allow the pursuit of gains from trade while simultaneously limiting the threat of opportunism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The scaling law in the hole erosion test with a constant pressure drop
Authors: Bonelli Stéphane , Brivois Olivier 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA process called ‘piping’, which often occurs in the soil at dams, levees, and dykes, involves the formation and development of a continuous tunnel between upstream and downstream ends. The hole erosion test is commonly used to quantify the critical stress and the rate of piping erosion progression. The aim of this study is to draw up a model for interpreting the results of this test. A characteristic internal erosion time is defined and expressed as a function of the initial hydraulic gradient and the coefficient of surface erosion. It is established here that the product of the coefficient of erosion and the flow velocity is a significant dimensionless number: when this number is small, the kinetics of erosion are low, and the particle concentration does not have any effect on the flow. This finding applies to most of the available test results. Theoretical and experimental evidence is presented showing that the evolution of the pipe radius during erosion with a constant pressure drop obeys a scaling exponential law. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urodynamic characteristics of mixed urinary incontinence and idiopathic urge urinary incontinence
Authors: Chou Eric Chieh‐Lung , Blaivas Jerry G. , Chou Li‐Wei , Flisser Adam J. , Panagopoulos Georgia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the clinical and urodynamic findings in patients with either mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) or simple urge urinary incontinence (UUI).Materials and MethodsA series of 100 consecutive female patients with MUI and UUI were identified from a database. Patients with neurogenic bladder, fistula, urethral diverticulum, prior urologic surgery or known urinary tract obstruction were excluded. All patients were classified according to the urodynamic classification of overactive bladder of Flisser et al. and all patients underwent history, physical examination, validated incontinence questionnaire, 24‐hour voiding diary, 24‐hour pad test, video urodynamic study (VUDS), and cystoscopy.ResultsA significantly higher proportion of patients with UUI exhibited detrusor overactivity at VUDS, (67% of the patients with UUI vs. 24% of the MUI, P < 0.05). Patients with UUI had fewer episodes of incontinence (6.7 vs. 4.2, P < 0.05) with slightly less objective urine loss (24‐hour pad test 94 gm vs. 128 g of loss, P < 0.05) and voided at higher pressures (pdet at Qmax 21.4 vs. 15.6 cm H2O, P < 0.05). Patients in both groups had functional and urodynamic bladder capacities that were not statistically different.ConclusionsWomen with UUI were more likely to exhibit detrusor overactivity but experienced fewer episodes of incontinence and less urinary loss when compared with women who had MUI. The “urge incontinence” component of MUI appears to be different than that of UUI, and suggests that urge incontinence may be overdiagnosed in patients with SUI who misinterpret their fear of leaking (because of SUI) for urge incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:376–378, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography
Authors: Han Guanghui , Ye Mingliang , Zhou Houjiang , Jiang Xinning , Feng Shun , Jiang Xiaogang , Tian Ruijun , Wan Dafang , Zou Hanfa , Gu Jianren 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe mixture of phosphopeptides enriched from proteome samples are very complex. To reduce the complexity it is necessary to fractionate the phosphopeptides. However, conventional enrichment methods typically only enrich phosphopeptides but not fractionate phosphopeptides. In this study, the application of strong anion exchange (SAX) chromatography for enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides was presented. It was found that phosphopeptides were highly enriched by SAX and majority of unmodified peptides did not bind onto SAX. Compared with Fe3+ immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Fe3+‐IMAC), almost double phosphopeptides were identified from the same sample when only one fraction was generated by SAX. SAX and Fe3+‐IMAC showed the complementarity in enrichment and identification of phosphopeptides. It was also demonstrated that SAX have the ability to fractionate phosphopeptides under gradient elution based on their different interaction with SAX adsorbent. SAX was further applied to enrich and fractionate phosphopeptides in tryptic digest of proteins extracted from human liver tissue adjacent to tumorous region for phosphoproteome profiling. This resulted in the highly confident identification of 274 phosphorylation sites from 305 unique phosphopeptides corresponding to 168 proteins at false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.96%.
Improved recovery of proteome‐informative, protein N‐terminal peptides by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC)
Authors: Staes An , Van Damme Petra , Helsens Kenny , Demol Hans , Vandekerckhove Joël , Gevaert Kris 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe previously described a proteome‐wide, peptide‐centric procedure for sorting protein N‐terminal peptides and used these peptides as readouts for protease degradome and xenoproteome studies. This procedure is part of a repertoire of gel‐free techniques known as COmbined FRActional DIagonal Chromatography (COFRADIC) and highly enriches for α‐amino‐blocked peptides, including α‐amino‐acetylated protein N‐terminal peptides. Here, we introduce two additional steps that significantly increase the fraction of such proteome‐informative, N‐terminal peptides: strong cation exchange (SCX) segregation of α‐amino‐blocked and α‐amino‐free peptides and an enzymatic step liberating pyroglutamyl peptides for 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) modification and thus COFRADIC sorting. The SCX step reduces the complexity of the analyte mixture by enriching N‐terminal peptides and depleting α‐amino‐free internal peptides as well as proline‐starting peptides prior to COFRADIC. The action of pyroglutamyl aminopeptidases prior to the first COFRADIC peptide separation results in greatly diminishing numbers of contaminating pyroglutamyl peptides in peptide maps. We further show that now close to 95% of all COFRADIC‐sorted peptides are α‐amino‐acetylated and, using the same amount of starting material, our novel procedure leads to an increased number of protein identifications.
Developing a self‐rating measure of patient competence in the context of oncology: a multi‐center study
Authors: Giesler Jürgen M. , Weis Joachim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective: Concepts of patient competence (PC) are being increasingly used, but seldom clearly defined in the context of shared medical treatment decision making and coping with cancer. The meaning of such concepts should therefore be clarified, and measures developed that permit the assessment of different facets of this patient characteristic. Consequently, this study attempted to contribute to the definition and measurement of PC.Methods: Employing literature reviews and qualitative interviews, we developed a working definition of PC in the context of cancer from which we designed a self‐rating measure of this patient characteristic that was then tested for validity and reliability in a sample of N=536 patients with cancer.Results: Using factor analyses, we developed five problem‐ and three emotion‐focused subscales that measure distinct facets of PC with satisfactory reliability. Additional analyses provide preliminary evidence of the instruments' validity.Conclusions: This study represents an essential first step in developing a reliable self‐rating measure of PC in the context of cancer. Although further refinement of this measure is clearly required, it provides a preliminary methodological basis for empirically investigating the determinants and potential health effects of PC. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
End‐of‐life care in Italy: personal experience of family caregivers. A content analysis of open questions from the Italian Survey of the Dying of Cancer (ISDOC)
Authors: Morasso Gabriella , Costantini Massimo , Di Leo Silvia , Roma Serena , Miccinesi Guido , Merlo Domenico Franco , Beccaro Monica 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjective: This study aims at describing the emotional and practical experience of a representative sample of Italian non‐professional caregivers when caring for a terminally ill family member and is part of the ‘Italian Survey of the Dying of Cancer’, which involved 2000 adult cancer deaths representative of the whole country.Methods: Information on patients' experience was gathered from non‐professional caregivers by an interview. A specific question was asked about the caregivers' emotional and practical experiences while assisting a terminally ill relative.A content analysis of the open question on caregivers' perceptions was performed on transcribed answers. Three researchers independently generated categories. Subsequently, areas where they differed were reconsidered and an interpretation was agreed upon.Results: Valid interviews were obtained from 1231 non‐professional caregivers. Answers were classified according to the perception of the experience as positive (33.1%), negative (65.1%) or neutral (1.8%).Conclusion: Assisting a family member with cancer in his/her last three months of life is a very strong physical and mental stress for the caregiver. In some cases, this experience is nevertheless perceived as an evolution chance. Health‐care providers should need to develop programs to ensure that family caregivers' needs for information and support are given great importance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human kidney glomerulus proteome and biomarker discovery of kidney diseases
Authors: Yoshida Yutaka , Miyamoto Masahito , Taguchi Izumi , Xu Bo , Zhang Ying , Yaoita Eishin , Fujinaka Hidehiko , Yamamoto Tadashi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe kidney glomerulus is the site of plasma filtration and production of primary urine in the kidney. The structure not only plays a pivotal role in ultrafiltration of plasma into urine but also is the locus of kidney diseases progressing to chronic renal failure. Patients afflicted with these glomerular diseases frequently progress to irreversible loss of renal function and inevitably require replacement therapies. The diagnosis and treatment of glomerular diseases are now based on clinical manifestations, urinary protein excretion level, and renal pathology of needle biopsy specimens. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of glomerular diseases are still obscure despite a great number of clinical and experimental studies. Proteomics is a particularly promising approach for the discovery of proteins relevant to physiological and pathophysiological processes, and has been recently employed in nephrology. Although until now most efforts of proteomic analysis have been conducted with urine, the biological fluid that is easily collected without invasive procedures, proteomic analysis of the glomerulus, the tissue most proximal to the disease loci, is the most straightforward approach. In this review, we attempt to outline the current status of clinical proteomics of the glomerulus and provide a perspective of protein biomarker discovery of glomerular diseases.
Proteomic approaches to the analysis of atopic dermatitis and new insights from interactomics
Authors: Park Yong‐Doo , Park Daeui , Bhak Jong , Yang Jun‐Mo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this review, we summarized the recent findings regarding atopic dermatitis (AD) skin disease based on proteomic studies. AD is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease typically characterized by a distribution of eczematous skin lesions with lichenification, pruritic excoriations and dry skin with wide varieties of pathophysiological aspects. We summarized the alterations of the protein expressions in the primary cultured AD cells from the patients'‐biopsy samples that were mostly analyzed by 2‐D PAGE and MALDI‐TOF. Further, we also conducted protein‐protein interaction mapping according to the obtained candidate proteins. As a result, we found that several hub proteins, i.e. heat shock 70‐kDa protein 2, heat shock 70‐kDa protein 9, tumor rejection antigen‐1 (gp96), spermatogenesis‐associated factor, protein kinase C inhibitor 1, vimentin, tenascin, semaphorin 4f (SEMA4F), complement component C1r deficiency (C1R) and apolipoprotein A (LPA), respectively, could receive important consideration in future studies. Since the mechanism of AD disease has been shown to be complex, our results may provide new clues to aid understanding of AD.
The influence of age on gait parameters during the transition from a wide to a narrow pathway
Authors: Shkuratova Nataliya , Taylor Nicholas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The ability to negotiate pathways of different widths is a prerequisite of daily living. However, only a few studies have investigated changes in gait parameters in response to walking on narrow pathways. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of age on gait adjustments during the transition from a wide to a narrow pathway. Method. DESIGN: Two‐group repeated measures design. SETTING: Gait Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty healthy older participants (mean [M] = 74.3 years, Standard deviation [SD] = 7.2 years); 20 healthy young participants (M = 26.6 years, SD = 6.1 years). Interventions. Making the transition from walking on a wide pathway (68 cm) to walking on a narrow pathway (15 cm). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Step length, step time, step width, double support time and base of support. Results. Healthy older participants were able to make the transition from a wide to a narrow pathway successfully. There was only one significant interaction, between age and base of support (p < 0.003). Older adults decreased their base of support only when negotiating the transition step, while young participants started decreasing their base of support prior to the negotiation of transition step (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Adjustments to the transition from a wide to a narrow pathway are largely unaffected by normal ageing. Difficulties in making the transition to a narrow pathway during walking should not be attributed to normal age‐related changes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Healing of surgically created circumferential gap around Nano‐coating surface dental implants in dogs
Authors: Chae Gyung‐Joon , Jung Ui‐Won , Jung Sung‐Min , Lee In‐Seop , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Choi Seong‐Ho 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe development and expanded use of dental implants has been remarkably increased. The implant stability and osseointegration are important factors in the success of treatment. Commercially pure titanium and its alloys are the most commonly used materials for endosseous dental implants. Hydroxyapatite (HA), one of the calcium phosphate, has been studied for biomedical applications since it has similarity in chemistry with inorganic components of human bone and its biocompatibility. But the use of HA coated dental implants remain still controversial, because some reports suggest that the HA coating may separate from the substructure, undergo dissolution in tissue fluids, and contribute to rapid breakdown around the implants. HA coating can be applied on metal implants by numerous methods. Of several coating methods, ion beam‐assisted deposition (IBAD) has shown to promise. This study was to compare the healing response of various nano‐coating surface implants (by IBAD) placed in surgically created circumferential gaps 12 weeks postplacement.In six mongrel dogs, all mandible premolars and the first molar were extracted and after an 8‐week healing period, four kinds of implants were placed. 2 mm circumferential coronal defects around the implants were performed surgically with a customized step drill. Groups were divided according to the fixture surfaces. The dogs were sacrificed following a 12 week healing period. Specimens were analyzed histologically and histomorphometrically.During the healing period, healing was uneventful and implants were well maintained. The bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) for experimental groups —calcium phosphate coating implants with or without heat treatment‐ were much higher than the control group. The defect fill were also higher in the experimental groups. In the control group, the coronal part showed minimal bone fill and osseointegration.Within the scope of this study, calcium phosphate coating using IBAD may improve the bone response and the calcium phosphate coating may therefore be suitable in implant design with complex surface geometries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanostructuring at the surface of low‐energy lead‐implanted silicon by electron beam annealing
Authors: Markwitz Andreas , Davy Perry , Kennedy John , Baumann Horst 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLow‐energy lead ion implantation and high‐temperature electron beam annealing were used to study the potential of producing Pb nanostructures on Si. Pb+ ions were implanted at high dose into p‐type (100) Si to the depth of 8.0 nm. The implanted samples were annealed under high vacuum conditions with an electron beam at 200–700 °C for 15 s. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) shows rapid out‐diffusion of Pb atoms above 400 °C. However, some Pb atoms are still present in the near‐surface region after annealing the implanted samples at 700 °C. Lead nanostructures were found on samples annealed above 300 °C. Annealing the samples at 450 °C causes the formation of nanostructures as tall as 4.1 ± 0.1 nm. Many of these are arranged in ‘web‐like’ strings that extend over micrometer distances. Occasionally, much larger nano‐features (as wide as 500 nm in diameter, average height of 1.5 nm) appear in the centre of the strings. Annealing samples well above the melting point of lead results in randomly distributed small nanometer‐sized Si nano‐dots. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The release behavior of CHX from polymer‐coated titanium surfaces
Authors: Kim Woo‐Hyun , Lee Sang‐Bae , Oh Keun‐Taek , Moon Seung‐Kyun , Kim Kwang‐Mahn , Kim Kyoung‐Nam 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTitanium has been successfully used in dental implants due to its favorable biological response. However, implant failures caused by infection often occurred with a complex microbial exposure. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is effective against a wide variety of bacteria as well as fungi. The aim of the present study is to investigate the release behavior of CHX from CHX‐containing polylactide (PLA)‐coated titanium. Commercially, pure titanium was anodized with surfaces exposed to an anodic‐forming voltage of 250 V for 3 min. The anodized titanium surfaces were then coated with a PLA/CHX solution. Topographic evaluation was performed using a SEM, and the antibacterial effect was evaluated. The concentrations of CHX were measured using a UV spectrophotometer. In the surface morphology analysis, the uncoated titanium surface showed a porous structure, but the surfaces coated with a polymer displayed nonporous structures and wrinkled surfaces. In addition, there were no differences in the surface roughness between the uncoated and coated surface. On the basis of the comparative analysis of both the UV absorbance of CHX and the surface characteristics, we concluded that the PLA coating can effectively control the release of CHX on anodized titanium surfaces. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.