bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericoronal Radiolucencies and the Significance of Early Detection
Authors: Farah CS , Savage NW 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPericoronal radiolucencies are common radiographic findings encountered in general dental practice. They usually represent a normal or enlarged dental follicle that requires no intervention; alternatively they may represent a pathological entity that requires appropriate management and histopathological interpretation. A pericoronal space of greater than 2.5mm on an intraoral radiograph and greater than 3mm on a rotational panoramic radiograph should be regarded as suspicious. Although many pathological processes may present radiographically as pericoronal radiolucencies associated with unerupted teeth, the most common is the dentigerous cyst. These lesions may enlarge considerably if allowed to develop unchecked, and have the potential for pathological transformation. In this report we present four cases of large pericoronal radiolucencies associated with unerupted teeth, and highlight the importance of early detection and management of such lesions.
A Quick and Simple Method to Obtain a Radiographic Evaluation of Remaining Alveolar Bone Height Before Implant Placement
Authors: Blum IR , Smith GA 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article describes a method for making a diagnostic radiographic evaluation of remaining alveolar bone height in the bounded‐saddle patient without the previous fabrication of a study model and radiographic ball‐bearing template. The method presented is simple, enabling the busy practitioner to perform immediate radiographic diagnosis and inform the patient at the first visit about the available alveolar bone height at the site of planned implant insertion. This method is therefore time saving for both the dentist and the patient.
A study of the comparative efficacy of three common analgeisics in the control of pain after third molar surgery under local anaesthesia
Authors: Comfort MB , Tse ASK , Tsang ACC , McGrath C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative efficacy of three commonly used analgesics (Panadeine, Diflunisal and Etodolac) in the control of pain after third molar surgery under local anaesthesia.Methods: A randomized control study. Outcome of primary efficacy was judged by overall assessment of the area under the curve of graphs for pain intensity, measured from serial visual analogue scales over a 24‐hour period. Other measures of efficacy included the number (per cent) of patients who took ‘additional’ analgesics and the incidence of adverse effects occurring in each treatment group over the study period.Results: The three drugs were effective in the control of post‐operative pain (p<0.01). Variations in pain intensity and the use of additional medication between the treatment groups were observed over the study period. The Diflunisal group experienced less pain than the Panadeine or Etodolac group (p<0.01). Furthermore, a lesser number of those in the Diflunisal group used additional medication compared to the other two groups (p<0.01). The incidence of side effects from all three drugs was low.Conclusion: Diflunisal is superior in the control of pain following third molar surgery under local anaesthesia than either Panadeine or Etodolac, and has few side effects.
A survey of sodium hypochlorite use by general dental practitioners and endodontists in Australia
Authors: Clarkson RM , Podlich HM , Savage NW , Moule AJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Sodium hypochlorite is used commonly as an endodontic irrigant, but there are no published reports that provide details of its use. This survey sought to determine the percentage of Australian dentists who practiced endodontics, whether they used sodium hypochlorite for irrigation, and the manner of dilution, storage and dispensing sodium hypochlorite used by both dentists and endodontists. Methods: All Australian endodontists and a stratified random sample of 200 general dentists in Australia were surveyed to address the issues identified above. Results: Almost 98 per cent of dentists surveyed performed endodontic treatment. Among endodontists, nearly 94 per cent used sodium hypochlorite for irrigation compared with just under 75 per cent of general dentists. Sodium hypochlorite use by general dentists was more common in Victoria and South Australia than in other States. An infant sanitizer (Milton or Johnson's Antibacterial Solution) was used by just over 92 per cent of general practitioners and by more than 67 per cent of endodontists. All other respondents used domestic bleach. One hundred and sixty four of the respondents (80 per cent of endodontists and over 90 per cent of general dentists) used a 1 per cent w/v solution. Ten practitioners used a 4 per cent w/v solution, five used a 2 per cent w/v solution and four used a 1.5 per cent w/v solution. Eighty per cent of the practitioners who diluted their sodium hypochlorite before use, used demineralized water for this purpose. The remainder used tap water. Only four practitioners stored sodium hypochlorite in a manner which risked light exposure and loss of available chlorine content. Conclusions: Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as an endodontic irrigant and Australian dentists generally stored the material correctly.
Social and behavioural determinants of early childhood caries
Authors: Hallett KB , O'Rourke PK 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: To investigate the association between selected social and behavioural (infant feeding and preventive dental practices) variables and the presence of early childhood caries in preschool children within the north Brisbane region. Methods: A cross sectional sample of 2515 children aged four to five years were examined in a preschool setting using prevalence (percentage with caries) and severity (dmft) indices. A self‐administered questionnaire obtained information regarding selected social and behavioural variables. The data were modelled using multiple logistic regression analysis at the 5 per cent level of significance. Results: The final explanatory model for caries presence in four to five year old children included the variables breast feeding from three to six months of age (OR=0.7, CI=0.5, 1.0), sleeping with the bottle (OR=1.9, CI=1.5, 2.4), sipping from the bottle (OR=1.6, CI=1.2, 2.0), ethnicity other than Caucasian (OR=1.9, CI=1.4, 2.5), annual family income $20,000–$35,000 (OR=1.7, CI=1.3, 2.3) and annual family income less than $20,000 (OR=2.1, CI=1.5, 2.8). Conclusions: A statistical model for early childhood caries in preschool children within the north Brisbane region has been constructed using selected social and behavioural determinants. Epidemiological data can be used for improved public oral health service planning and resource allocation within the region.
Intra‐alveolar distraction osteogenesis in preparation for dental implant placement combined with orthodontic/orthognathic surgical treatment: A case report
Authors: Baker B. , Gibbons S. , Woods M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe use of implants has become a routine part of restorative dental treatment. The placement of implants requires a sufficient quantity of bone in which to place implant fixtures. Where such bone does not exist, a number of methods have been used to augment the affected area of the alveolar ridge. This case report describes the use of the relatively new distraction osteogenesis procedure to increase bone volume in a patient who required post‐traumatic restoration of several missing teeth, as well as comprehensive orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment.
Minor oral surgical procedures in patients on oral anticoagulants — a controlled study
Authors: Cannon PD , Dharmar VT 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Patients on therapeutic anticoagulation are at risk of bleeding from minor oral surgical sites. When the anticoagulant regime is modified to prevent the risk of bleeding, this at the same time predisposes the patient to risks of the medical condition for which they are being treated. Methods: A total of 70 patients who were on warfarin treatment requiring minor oral surgical procedures were treated in the Oral Surgery Department. A control group of 35 had their warfarin stopped prior to the minor oral surgical procedure. The other 35 formed the study group. Patients with an International Normalized Ratio outside the therapeutic range of 2–4, or with history of liver disease or on drugs affecting liver function were excluded from the study. Any incidences of post‐operative bleeding were recorded. Results: None of the patients in either control or study group had any serious bleeding complications. Conclusion: The data suggest that patients can safely undergo routine minor oral surgical procedures without alterations of their therapeutic anticoagulation regime.
Acute leukaemia presenting as oral ulceration to a dental emergency service
Authors: Dean AK , Ferguson JW , Marvanr ES 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLeukaemia is a neoplastic disease characterized by an excessive proliferation of immature white blood cells and their precursors. Oral lesions may be the presenting feature of acute leukaemias, which can be rapidly fatal if left untreated. This report describes the case of a 22‐year‐old female who presented to a dental emergency department with oral manifestations of acute leukaemia. It outlines the role of oral lesions in the diagnosis of acute leukaemias and emphasizes the importance of immediate referral by general dental practitioners.
Dental implants: Maintenance, care and treatment of peri‐implant infection
Authors: Chen S. , Darby I. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOsseointegration is becoming increasingly routine in the rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients. However, the surrounding tissues may be subject to inflammatory conditions similar to periodontal disease and so require maintenance. This article discusses the background, aetiology, diagnosis of peri‐implant diseases, and the maintenance, care and treatment of peri‐implant infection in osseointegrated implants. Three case studies are presented to illustrate points in the care of implants.
Clinicians choices of restorative materials for children
Authors: Tran LA , Messer L Brearley 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Recently, there has been an expansion in the range of tooth‐coloured restorative materials available. In 1999, the National Health and Medical Research Council recommended clinicians use alternatives to amalgam in children ‘where appropriate’.Methods: A three‐part 29‐item questionnaire was developed, tested in a focus group, and distributed to members of the Australasian Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (AA; paediatric dentists and paediatric dentistry postgraduate students; n=55), and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Paediatric Dentistry, Victorian Branch (SPD; general dentists and dental therapists; n=50). Participant information, material choices, and six hypothetical clinical scenarios were addressed.Results: The overall response rate was 74 per cent. For both groups, the first ranked factor influencing choice of restorative material for vital primary teeth was child age, and caries experience for vital first permanent molars. For moderate‐sized Class I and II restorations in primary molars, a tooth‐coloured material was chosen by 92 and 84 per cent respondents respectively. For restoring two separate proximal lesions in a primary molar, 65 per cent chose a tooth‐coloured material followed by a stainless steel crown (27 per cent; all AA members), then amalgam (8 per cent). The SPD respondents were significantly more likely to choose glass ionomer cement for Class I and II restorations and for restoring two proximal lesions (all p=0.000) in primary molars than AA respondents, who were more likely to choose composite resins/compomers or amalgam/stainless steel crowns for these restorations. Younger respondents (21–40 years) were significantly more likely to choose composite resins/compomers or amalgam/stainless steel crowns (p=0.048) than older respondents (41–65 years), who were likely to choose glass ionomer cement.Conclusions: For Class I and II restorations in primary molars, glass ionomer cement was the material chosen most frequently (SPD respondents); preference for amalgam or stainless steel crowns was low (both SPD and AA groups). The wide range of materials chosen for the hypothetical clinical scenarios suggests the need for guidelines on selection of restorative materials, and the need for longitudinal studies to follow actual clinical outcomes of the materials chosen.
A model for the prediction of tooth wear in individuals
Authors: Richards LC , Kaidonis JA , Townsend GC 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Easily applied, age‐specific standards are useful in assisting clinicians to decide whether the extent of tooth wear observed in a given patient at a specific age is acceptable or whether intervention is indicated.Method: A simple method of scoring tooth wear and previously established mathematical relationships between tooth wear scores and age, provide the basis of a method for predicting tooth wear scores. In its most specific form, the method can be used to predict tooth wear scores for individual patients at subsequent ages. Alternatively, tables or graphs can be consulted to provide a less precise prediction of tooth wear that can assist clinicians to decide whether the amount of wear reflects high, moderate or low rates of wear at the specified age.Conclusion: In cases where there is no reason to believe that aetiological factors have changed significantly over time, data obtained from the methods described can assist clinicians to plan appropriate management for patients presenting with unacceptable levels of tooth wear.
Minor salivary gland carcinoma involving the oral cavity or oropharynx
Authors: Hyam DM , Veness MJ , Morgan GJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Minor salivary gland carcinomas are uncommon but most often occur in the oral cavity, particularly the hard palate. Dental examination may provide an opportunity for early detection. Methods: Patients referred to the multidisciplinary head and neck clinic at Westmead Hospital between 1980–2002 with a diagnosis of minor salivary gland carcinoma of the oral cavity or oropharynx were retrospectively identified. Data were collected on histology, treatment, outcome and the referring practitioner. Results: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with a malignant minor salivary gland carcinoma were identified. Many patients, 16/30 (53 per cent), were referred by dentists. There were 15 males and 15 females with a mean age of 62 years (range, 22–86 yrs). Most (73 per cent) presented with early stage disease (stage 1/11). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common histological subtype (40 per cent) followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (30 per cent) and polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (20 per cent). All but two patients underwent surgery with 12/30 (40 per cent) also receiving adjuvant radiotherapy usually in the setting of an incomplete/close margin. One patient developed local recurrence and one developed widespread metastatic disease. At last follow‐up 83 per cent of patients were alive and disease free. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment of minor salivary gland carcinoma is likely to lead to a better outcome. In our study dentists were responsible for half of all referrals to our multidisciplinary head and neck clinic. Awareness of this uncommon entity is important for dental practitioners.
Bond strength of simplified‐step adhesives to enamel prepared with two different diamond burs
Authors: Sevgican F. , Inoue S. , Koase K. , Kawamoto C. , Ikeda T. , Sano H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Self‐etching primers are reported to produce considerable etching on flat enamel surfaces. However, little is known about the influence of different enamel surface textures. In this study the influence of grinding enamel on bond strength of two all‐in‐one and one two‐step adhesives was investigated. Methods: Resin composite was bonded to the ground enamel of extracted human third molars that was reduced 0.5mm from the buccal or lingual surfaces using either regular‐ or superfine‐grit diamond burs with each of the three adhesives. After 24 hours in 37°C water, the specimens were sectioned into slabs of 0.7mm thickness, trimmed to an hourglass configuration, and subjected to micro‐ tensile bond strength (MTBS) testing. Results: For all adhesive systems, MTBS to enamel ground with a regular‐grit diamond bur was not significantly different from that with a superfine‐grit diamond bur. The etching patterns of these adhesives were partly varied according to the aggressiveness of the adhesives. Conclusion: The use of two different burs does not affect the tensile bond strength of the adhesives to enamel.
Dens evaginatus and dens invaginatus in a maxillary lateral incisor: Report of a rare occurrence and review of literature
Authors: Mupparapu M. , Singer SR , Goodchild JH 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA case of dens evaginatus (DE) and dens invaginatus (DI) concurrently affecting the maxillary right permanent lateral incisor in a 25‐year‐old Hispanic male is reported. DE, referred to as Talon's cusp in the anterior teeth and Leong's premolar in the pre‐ molar teeth, is a relatively rare condition by itself. An association of DI with this rare anomaly within the same tooth has never been reported before although it has been known to occur within the same patient. Since it is known that DE may be composed of normal enamel and dentine, as well as varying amounts of pulpal tissue, care should be exercised while performing any aesthetic procedures to remove or recontour it.
Tooth follicle extirpation and uvulectomy
Authors: Johnston NL , Riordan PJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMigration is not only the movement of people, but also of their culture, customs and beliefs. As more people from developing countries in Africa migrate to industrialized countries, the more likely health professionals will find themselves providing care for people of whose customs and practices they have little knowledge. This review of the literature suggests that removal of deciduous canine follicles and uvulectomy are frequently practised in some African and neighbouring countries. Reasons given for deciduous canine extirpation include the prevention of vomiting, fever and diarrhoea. The indications for uvulectomy appear widespread, including treatment for persistent fever, coughing and growth retardation. The practices are usually performed by traditional healers. Risks for children who undergo these procedures are extensive, including septicaemia, potential for HIV transmission, numerous dental complications and death. With improved understanding between Western health teams and local, traditional people, an improved system may develop whereby the two systems can work together in providing improved health outcomes for the people.
The dental implications of bisphosphonates and bone disease
Authors: Cheng A. , Mavrokokki A. , Carter G. , Stein B. , Fazzalari NL , Wilson DF , Goss A N 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn 2002/2003 a number of patients presented to the South Australian Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit with unusual non‐healing extraction wounds of the jaws. All were middle‐aged to elderly, medically compromised and on bisphosphonates for bone pathology. Review of the literature showed similar cases being reported in the North American oral and maxillofacial surgery literature. This paper reviews the role of bisphosphonates in the management of bone disease. There were 2.3 million prescriptions for bisphosphonates in Australia in 2003. This group of drugs is very useful in controlling bone pain and preventing pathologic fractures. However, in a small number of patients on bisphosphonates, intractable, painful, non‐healing exposed bone occurs following dental extractions or denture irritation. Affected patients are usually, but not always, over 55 years, medically compromised and on the potent nitrogen containing bisphosphonates, pamidronate (Aredia/Pamisol), alendronate (Fosamax) and zolendronate (Zometa) for non‐osteoporotic bone disease. Currently, there is no simple, effective treatment and the painful exposed bone may persist for years. The main complications are marked weight loss from difficulty in eating and severe jaw and neck infections. Possible preventive and therapeutic strategies are presented although at this time there is no evidence of their effectiveness. Dentists must ask about bisphosphonate usage for bone disease when recording medical histories and take appropriate actions to avoid the development of this debilitating condition in their patients.
Guided self diagnosis: an innovative approach to triage for emergency dental care
Authors: Smith K. , Clark A. , Dyson K. , Kruger E. , Lejmanoski L. , Russell A. , Tennant M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: The basic model of triage, developed more than 200 years ago by the French, is based on categorization of patient needs and thus the urgency and time required for care. This model in various forms is used in most hospitals throughout the world. Methods: In this study, a fully computerized guided self‐diagnosis system (based on a neural network design) was designed, prototyped, developed and trialled by front line non‐clinically trained personnel in emergency dentistry. Results: A total of 699 patients were seen as a result of the triage assessment within 14 days of their initial phone call and/or first contact. Patients categorized as requiring care on the day (Category 1) were provided more items of care (50 per cent of all items) and the greatest number of extractions (76 per cent) and endodontic treatments (78 per cent). Other categories were found to require less urgent care. Conclusions: The triage system developed in this study clearly holds significant promise in reducing the impact of emergency dental patients on dental health care systems. However, it is recognized that the system still requires some adjustment to ensure all Category 1 patients are examined before less urgent categories.
The comprehensive evaluation of temporomandibular disorders seen in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ardic F. , Gokharman D. , Atsu S. , Guner S. , Yilmaz M. , Yorgancioglu R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: We studied clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and radiological changes in the temporomandibular joint from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to patients with myofascial pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular system and control patients to evaluate clinical and radiological relationships. Methods: A cross‐sectional, controlled, clinical and radiological study was planned and 99 subjects (69 patients and 30 controls) were included in the study. Results: Twenty‐three patients with RA (69.7 per cent) had painful temporomandibular joint. Fifty‐five per cent had myofascial pain dysfunction according to the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Nearly all of our patients with RA (93.9 per cent) had symptoms, and almost all of them had positive findings of TMD in high resolution computed tomography. Condylar head resorption, joint space narrowing and degeneration were statistically more prominent features in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls (p<0.05). The pain score on active palpation correlated with the number of the mandibular subchondral cysts on high resolution computed tomography (r=0.6, p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the myofascial pain of the temporomandibular system is an important cause of pain in rheumatoid arthritis, prospective controlled studies are needed to develop effective therapeutic strategies for these patients.