bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LMX quality, supervisory communication and team‐oriented commitment
Authors: Abu Bakar Hassan , Su Mustaffa Che , Mohamad Bahtiar 
Published: January 2009

PurposeResearches have documented the impact of dyadic communication and relationships on individual behavior in workgroups. However, communication remains as the background element in leadership and management literature as opposed to being the primary process in the leader‐member relationships development. The purpose of this paper is to establish and interpret the appropriate level of analysis based on the correlation between leader‐member exchange (LMX) quality, supervisory communication and team‐oriented commitment in a Malaysian organization setting.Design/methodology/approachA survey from a Malaysian organization (n=201) is analyzed on the relationships between LMX quality, supervisory communication and commitment using within and between analysis (WABA).FindingsThe individual dyad relationships and communication correlates with team‐oriented commitment at the group level. Therefore, LMX quality and supervisory communication influence overall team‐oriented commitment in a work group.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that the analyses are based on self‐report in one organization, these results have to be handled carefully.Practical implicationsThe results implied that the relationship between dyadic relationships quality, supervisory communication and team‐orientated commitment is best connected if individual workers in work group are encouraged to communicate their needs to supervisors. As such, the worker's ability to communicate mutually about relationships (LMX quality and positive relationships communication) and work (upward openness and job relevant communication) with their immediate supervisor implicates both personal fit and work group functioning.Originality/valueThe results extend the authors' understanding of LMX quality, supervisory communication and team‐oriented commitment by identifying the specific form levels of analysis in a Malaysian organization setting.
Social disclosure rating system for assessing firms' CSR reports
Authors: Widiarto Sutantoputra Aries 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe paper aims to contribute to the development of a systematic social disclosure rating system for analysing firms' social performance through their corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports or similar social disclosures. The rating incorporates the comprehensive Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) 2002 reporting framework as the benchmark for measuring firm's social performance.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review in the areas of CSR development, CSR reporting, CSR reporting frameworks, GRI 2002 Guidelines will be utilised in order to create social disclosures rating using GRI 2002 reporting framework.FindingsThe rating accommodates standardized measures of social performance based on the GRI 2002 Guidelines and enables comparison of CSR practices among companies, particularly firms' social accountability to society.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper will fill the lack of standardized content analysis measures of CSR reports, particularly social aspects of CSR. It provides a comprehensive coverage of social indicators, which capture the wide range of issues in social theme of CSR.
Applications and implementations of new media in corporate communications
Authors: Hearn Greg , Foth Marcus , Gray Heather 
Published: January 2009

PurposeAdvances in new media and web technology are making it easier for organizations and their employees, suppliers, customers and stakeholders to participate in the creation and management of content. It is therefore, useful to understand how a corporate communication strategy can leverage these trends. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the take‐up and use of new media in organizations, highlighting a current approach to implementation issues.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews and explores new media in organizations from three ecological layers: the social, discursive and technical, addressing who is communicating, the communication content and new media technology used.FindingsThe paper recommends a customer‐centered approach to implementing new media adoption in organizations using action research.Research limitations/implicationsAcademic literature is lagging behind the pace of technological change, and evaluation studies are limited.Originality/valueThe paper shows how new media and Web 2.0 services can be employed to work in tandem with conventional communication tools such as phone, fax and corporate intranets. Such a hybrid approach enables organizations to maintain and strengthen existing stakeholder relationships, but also reach out and build relationships with new stakeholders who were previously inaccessible or invisible.
Strategic ambiguity in emergent coalitions: the triple bottom line
Authors: Wexler Mark N. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and expand the role of strategic ambiguity (SA) in the field of organizational communication. It treats the triple bottom line (TBL) as indicative of an emerging coalition. This coalition brings together three loosely coupled discourse communities each attempting to advance the notion of green business, corporate social responsibility and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThis case directs attention to how SA and equivocation built into TBL aids three loosely networked discourse communities – formulated around “profits”, “people” and “planet” – emerge, coalesce and diffuse despite being rooted in imprecise and loosely formulated measures.FindingsThe findings indicate that despite its imprecision, lack of specificity and operational indices the TBL provides its members with the belief that they are far better off joining the coalition than going it alone. TBL's openness to multiple interpretations enables each of the discourse communities in the emerging network to expect to win concessions from others and to protect its values from encroachment.Originality/valueThis treatment of TBL suggests that SA can be expanded beyond an intra‐organizational focus to one encompassing emergent coalitions. The expanded notion of SA helps explain the stickiness of knowledge transfer in the early stage of coalition formation and the propensity of critics to view new imprecise but inspiring ideas like TBL as nothing but a fad or passing enthusiasm.
PR practitioners in international assignments
Authors: Diaz Veronica , Abratt Russell , Clarke Ruth , Bendixen Mike 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the degree of success in international assignments that public relations (PR) practitioners experience and explores the influence of both organizational culture and national culture.Design/methodology/approachPR practitioners in the USA and South Africa were surveyed.FindingsResults show that there is no difference between PR practitioners from the USA and South Africa with experience in international assignments, in terms of degree of success in international assignments and of level of preparedness for international assignments. It was also found that there is no significant correlation between national culture or organizational culture and the degree of success in international assignments for those respondents with international experience.Research limitations/implicationsThe response rate was limited and therefore the results cannot be generalized. Future research would be to further extend this study to include additional countries.Practical implicationsThe results support the concept that a PR practitioner with an organic organizational culture and a long‐term orientation of national culture will be better prepared to engage in international assignments than a practitioner with a mechanistic organizational culture and a short‐term orientation of national culture.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature on international PR practice, and compares the practice in a developing economy, South Africa, to a developed economy, the USA.
Prescribing versus describing: testing image restoration strategies in a crisis situation
Authors: Dardis Frank , Haigh Michel M. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeImage restoration theory has become a dominant paradigm for examining corporate communication in times of crises. However, much insight gleaned from scholarly research in this area remains descriptive – simply recounting how certain corporations or companies communicated during times of crisis – rather than prescriptive. Therefore, to provide more direct guidance to corporations and organizations, this paper offers the first empirical test of Benoit's five image restoration strategiesvis‐à‐viseach other simultaneously within the context of a single crisis situation.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental investigation that measures consumers' reactions to differentially manipulated crisis‐communication messages. Methods of data analysis include ANOVA andpost hoccomparisons of means.FindingsResults indicate that the strategy of reducing the offensiveness of the event consistently led to higher reputation‐related perceptions of a company than did the other four strategies – denial, evasion of responsibility, corrective action, and mortification – when implemented during a product‐harm crisis situation.Practical implicationsFindings have direct implications for corporate communicators and the organizations they represent in developing and implementing crisis‐communication strategies.Originality/valueThis paper offers an original test of all image restoration strategies within the context of a single crisis. In addition to providing clearer guidelines to practitioners, such inquiry also accelerates the transfer of image restoration theory from the realm of retrospection and description to that of prescription and inference.
Analysis of non‐ideal effects in coupled VLSI interconnects with active and passive load variations
Authors: Khanna Gargi , Chandel Rajeevan , Chandel Ashwani Kumar , Sarkar Sankar 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of aggressor‐line load variations (both active gate and passive capacitive loads) on the non‐ideal effects of a coupled VLSI‐interconnect system.Design/methodology/approachSignal delay, power dissipation and crosstalk noise in interconnect can be influenced by variation in load of another interconnect which is coupled to it. For active gate and passive capacitive load variations, such effects are studied through SPICE simulations of a coupled interconnect pair in a 0.13 μm technology. Crosstalk between a coupled pair, is affected by transition time of the coupled signal, interconnect length, distance between interconnects, size of driver and receiver, pattern of input, direction of flow of signal and clock skew. In this work, influence of an aggressor‐line load variations (both active gate and passive capacitive loads) on the non‐ideal effects of delay, power consumption and crosstalk in a victim‐line of a coupled VLSI‐interconnect system are determined through SPICE simulation. In this experiment, the victim line is terminated by a fixed capacitive load and the coupled to aggressor line has variable load, either passive capacitive or active gate. Four different input signal cases have been considered for the two types of variable load. Distributed RLC transmission model of interconnect is considered for the SPICE simulations.FindingsThe simulation results reveal that the effects are much dependent on the type of load and signal variations at the inputs of the two mutually coupled interconnects. Load control at the aggressor far end can be used to minimize some of the adverse effects of crosstalk.Originality/valueThis paper shows that in interconnect, signal delay, power consumption and crosstalk are all affected by load variations in a coupled neighboring interconnect.
A simple rail‐to‐rail CMOS voltage follower
Authors: Kasemsuwan Varakorn , Nakhlo Weerachai 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe paper aims to present a simple rail‐to‐rail CMOS voltage follower.Design/methodology/approachThe circuit is developed based on a complementary source follower with a common‐source output stage. The circuit is designed using a 0.13 μm CMOS technology, and operates under the supply voltage of 1.5 V. HSPICE is used to verify the circuit performance.FindingsThe simulations show output voltage swing of ±0.6 V (300 Ω load) with the total harmonic distortion of 0.55 per cent at the operating frequency of 3 MHz. The bandwidth and power dissipation are 657 MHz and 405 μW, respectively.Originality/valueA simple rail‐to‐rail CMOS voltage follower is presented.
FPGA placement by using Hopfield neural network
Authors: Kos Andrzej , Nagórny Zbigniew 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe aim of this work is to examine the Hopfield network for the field programmable gate array (FPGA) cell placement.Design/methodology/approachImplementation of an algorithm in FPGA circuits requires synthesis, placement and the routing of logic cells. The placement takes the longest time for computation. Therefore, an algorithm for a run‐time reconfigurable system can be chosen from among earlier prepared algorithms. This paper presents a Hopfield neural network for solving the placement problem. The Hopfield network was also used for processing units in a parallel placement. Hardware implementation of presented solutions could accelerate the FPGA placement by orders of magnitude in comparison with placers executed on traditional computers. Hardware accelerators could also be applied to the design of other VLSI circuits. The simulation results for the FPGA placement are presented.FindingsThe Hopfield network and parallel placement give comparable placements with the method using a simulated annealing algorithm. The parallel placement enables a decrease in total number of neurons and neuron connections which are necessary for simultaneous placement of all cells in a circuit.Research limitations/implicationsThis work provides a starting‐point for further research under hardware realization of the cell placement by using the Hopfield network. The presented solutions can be used for FPGA, gate array, sea‐of‐gates circuits and standard cell circuits with the same size cells.Originality/valueThe Hopfield network is used for placement in real circuits, in which nets contain multiple terminals, and for processing units in a parallel placement.
VDMOSFET reliability dependence on the integrated drain‐source junction
Authors: El Bitar R. , Habchi R. , Salame C. , Khoury A. , Mialhe P. , Nsouli B. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThis work aims to investigate the modifications in a transistor behavior after hot carrier injection processes from the integrated junction.Design/methodology/approachA high voltage is applied across the drain‐source contacts, so a reverse current is induced through the integrated junction and defects are then created.FindingsThe results point out to a dependence of the VDMOSFET reliability on the operating conditions which could induce parasitic effects on the structure. Induced defects alter the form of several MOSFET characteristics.Originality/valueA new method of degradation is presented along with a series of characterization techniques‐based electrical parameters variations.
A proposed SRAM cell for low power consumption during write operation
Authors: Prabhu C.M.R. , Singh Ajay Kumar 
Published: January 2009

PurposeLow power static‐random access memories (SRAM) has become a critical component in modern VLSI systems. In cells, the bit‐lines are the most power consuming components because of larger power dissipation in driving long bit‐line with large capacitance. The cache write consumes considerable large power due to full voltage swing on the bit‐line. The aim of the paper is to propose a new SRAM cell architecture to reduce the power consumption during write 0 and write 1 operation.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed circuit includes two tail transistors in the pull‐down path of inv‐A and inv‐B. The simulated results of the proposed cell is compared with Conventional 6T SRAM cell and zero‐asymmetric SRAM cell.FindingsThe proposed SRAM cell consumes less power than the conventional SRAM cell during write operation. The write access delay is reported to be lower than conventional and ZA SRAMs in the proposed circuit. The read operation is similar to Conventional SRAM cell but due to tail transistors the read access delay and stability is poor in the present circuit which can be improved by careful transistors sizing.Originality/valueThe paper proposes a SRAM cell to reduce the power in write “0” as well as write “1”operation by introducing two tail transistors.
Low voltage four‐quadrant analog multiplier using dynamic threshold MOS transistors
Authors: Niranjan Vandana , Gupta Maneesha 
Published: January 2009

PurposeReal‐time multiplication of two analog signals is one of the most important operations in analogue signal processing. Driven by low‐power and low‐voltage requirements for integrated mixedsignal portable applications, the paper's aim is to propose a novel four‐quadrant low‐voltage analog multiplier using dynamic threshold MOS transistors (DTMOS).Design/methodology/approachThe SPICE simulations were performed with 0.25 μm technology parameters and results verify the performance of the circuit. The multiplier is simulated at low‐supply voltage of ±0.5 V.FindingsThe proposed multiplier has high linearity and simple structure hence it is suitable for high‐performance and low‐power analog VLSI applications.Originality/valueA new low‐voltage four quadrant analog multiplier using DTMOS circuit topology is presented in the paper.
Analytical modeling for the estimation of leakage current and subthreshold swing factor of nanoscale double gate FinFET device
Authors: Raj Balwinder , Saxena A.K. , Dasgupta S. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to formulate the effect of the process variation on various leakage currents and subthreshold swing factor in FinFET devices. These variations cause a large spread in leakage power, since it is extremely sensitive to process variations, which in turn results in larger temperature variations across different dies.Design/methodology/approachOwing to large temperature variation within the die, the authors investigate the variation of various leakage currents with absolute die temperature.FindingsThe results obtained on the basis of the model are compared and contrasted with reported numerical and experimental results. A close match was found which validates the analytical approach.Originality/valueThe analytical modeling of subthreshold leakage current, subthreshold swing, gate leakage current and its variation with process parameters are carried out in this paper.
The Way We Live Now
Authors: Linn Courtney J. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe paper seeks to focus on the causes of the recent subprime lending crisis in the US residential property market.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews the present situation.FindingsA number of causes for the crisis are shown, including the fragmented structure of the real estate settlement process, and the various people involved in real estate closings who operate under different regulatory and supervisory regimes with varying intensities of enforcement effort. This fragmentation makes it difficult to regulate the conduct of real estate industry insiders. Fragmented regulation also provides opportunities for swindlers, con‐artists, and fraudsters.Originality/valueThe paper makes a case for a meaningful regulatory reform, namely mandatory fraud reporting by all those involved in residential real estate closings and settlements.
Corporate financial crime: social diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Hansen Laura L. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this viewpoint paper is to assist in finding solutions for the growing moral and social issues of financial crime plaguing corporations today.Design/methodology/approachMethodology includes the synthesis of existing theories in economic sociology and criminology to “diagnose” and “treat” the existing flaws in corporate structures that have led to malaise and malfeasance. Theories include differential association, self‐control, and control balance, taking into consideration the characteristics of individuals and corporate structures.FindingsFindings suggest that corporate structure has to be critically scrutinized and changes implemented, including close examination of informal and formal communication and salary structures.Practical implicationsThis paper suggests concrete strategies and policy changes for regulators, corporate decision makers, and academics.Originality/valueThe synthesis of existing theories in white collar malfeasance and crime provides a template to increase corporate social responsibility and promote policy/regulatory changes in the current economic climate.
New ways of thinking about old crimes
Authors: Toner Gerald A. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe objective of the paper is to describe how criminal prosecutors in the USA have expanded the reach of federal statutes punishing fraud and extortion to combat the influence of organized criminal groups in certain American labor unions and employee benefit plans from 1980 to 2006.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews newspaper accounts and published judicial decisions to explain how prosecutors have used fraud and extortion offenses in novel ways on a case‐by‐case basis to prosecute labor‐management corruption in the USA.FindingsAlthough the American federal prosecutor's arsenal is limited to statutory crimes, prosecutors are continually evolving new means of addressing corruption on a case‐specific basis in the best tradition of Anglo‐American common law. By diligently persuading trial judges, appellate courts, and the US Congress of the merit of looking at fraud and extortion in new ways, federal prosecutors have carried out the intent of the statutory laws which Congress enacted to deal with corruption in government, business, and labor unions.Practical implicationsThe federal criminal offense of “honest service fraud,” which was codified by Congress only following successful criminal prosecutions of public and private corruption, will continue to be used to address corruption on the part of persons holding fiduciary duties toward union members and employee pension and health benefit plan participants as the American retired population increases and the national government assumes greater oversight of employee health care.Originality/valueThe paper encourages the reader, especially those in law enforcement, to think creatively about the scope of existing criminal statutes while reviewing or enforcing their application to all forms of organizational corruption.