bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of fibrinolysis and interventional therapy for acute venous thromboembolism
Authors: Meyer Guy , Decousus Hervé , Agnelli Giancarlo , Emmerich Joseph 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe initial goals of treatment for venous thromboembolism (VTE) are usually achieved with anticoagulation. This reviewfocuses on fibrinolysis and interventional therapy in VTE, treatments whose indications are much more controversial. The benefit-to-risk ratio of fibrinolysis in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is dubious. Thrombolytic treatment is recommended forunstable patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), although these patients represent less than 5% of all patients hospitalized for PE. The use of thrombolytic treatment in patients with sub-massive PE remains controversial. Two indications are widely recognized for inferior vena cava filters: the first isa permanent or temporary contraindication to anticoagulation, in patients with proximal DVT or PE. The second is the occurrence of PE or propagation of the thrombus in patients treated for DVT or recurrence in patients with PE. The PREPIC study demonstrated that in acute VTE, vena cava filters reduced the risk of PE but increased that of DVT and had no effect on survival. The fact that prevention of PE is mainly observed during the short initial period following the diagnosis of an acute VTE event justifies a new randomized study with the use of retrievable filters as an adjuvant to anticoagulation in high risk patients with PE.
Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: a consensus statement from British Association for Psychopharmacology
Authors: Burns Alistair , O'Brien John 
Published: October 2006

The British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP) coordinated a meeting of experts to review the evidence on the drug treatment for dementia. The level of evidence (types) was rated using a standard system: Types 1a and 1b (evidence from meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials or at least one controlled trial respectively); types 2a and 2b (one well-designed study or one other type of quasi experimental study respectively); type 3 (non-experimental descriptive studies); and type 4 (expert opinion). There is type 1a evidence for cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease; memantine for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease; and for the use of bright light therapy and aromatherapy. There is type 1a evidence of no effect of anti inflammatory drugs or statins. There is conflicting evidence regarding oestrogens, with type 2a evidence of a protective effect of oestrogens but 1b evidence of a harmful effect. Type 1a evidence for any effect of B12 and folate will be forthcoming when current trials report. There is type 1b evidence for gingko biloba in producing a modest benefit of cognitive function; cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of people with Lewy body disease (particularly neuropsychiatric symptoms); cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in treatment cognitive impairment associated with vascular dementia; and the effect of metal collating agents (although these should not be prescribed until more data on safety and efficacy are available). There is type 1b evidence to show that neither cholinesterase inhibitors nor vitamin E reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in people with mild cognitive impairment; and there is no evidence that there is any intervention that can prevent the onset of dementia. There is type 1b evidence for the beneficial effects of adding memantine to cholinesterase inhibitors, and type 2b evidence of positive switching outcomes from one cholinesterase inhibitor to another. There is type 2a evidence for a positive effect of reminiscence therapy, and type 2a evidence that cognitive training does not work. There is type 3 evidence to support the use of psychological interventions in dementia. There is type 2 evidence that a clinical diagnosis of dementia can be made accurately and that brain imaging increases that accuracy. Although the consensus statement dealt largely with medication, the role of dementia care in secondary services (geriatric medicine and old age psychiatry) and primary care, along with health economics, was discussed. There is ample evidence that there are effective treatments for people with dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in particular. Patients, their carers, and clinicians deserve to be optimistic in a field which often attracts therapeutic nihilism.
Cannabis use in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chong M S , Wolff K , Wise K , Tanton C , Winstock A , Silber E 
Published: October 2006

Introduction Little is known about the extent and patterns of cannabis use in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods MS patients attending neurology outpatient clinics at two hospitals in London and one in Kent, UK completed a questionnaire. Results Questionnaires were completed by 254/337 (75%) MS patients. Forty-three per cent had used cannabis at some stage (ever users). Of these, 68% (75/110) had used cannabis to alleviate symptoms of MS (MS-related cannabis use). Forty-six (18%) had used cannabis in the last month (current users), of whom 12% (31/254) had used it for symptom relief. Being married or having a long-term partner, tobacco smokers and increasing disability were independent risk factors for MS-related cannabis use. Compared to patients who could walk unaided, cannabis use was more likely in those who were chair-bound (adjusted OR 2.47; 1.10-5.56) or only able to walk with an aid (adjusted OR 1.56; 0.90- 3.60). Pain and spasms were common reasons for cannabis use. Seventy-one per cent of individuals who had never used cannabis said they would try the drug if it were available on prescription. Conclusion A large proportion of MS patients had tried cannabis for symptom control, however current use was small. A subgroup with greater disability appears to derive some symptomatic benefit.
Novel Deconjugative Esterification of 2-Cyclohexylideneacetic Acids through 4-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine-catalyzed Carbodiimide Couplings
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Harada Etsuko , Azetsu Tomohiro , Ichikawa Takashi , Nakao Michiyasu , Nagao Yoshimitsu 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
4-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine-catalyzed deconjugative esterification of 2-cyclohexylideneacetic acids afforded isopropyl 2-(cyclohex-1-enyl)acetate by employing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride as a coupling reagent. On the other hand, 4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridine-catalyzed esterification with 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was not accompanied by deconjugation and gave isopropyl 2-cyclohexylideneacetate.
Hematite Hollow Spheres with Excellent Catalytic Performance for Removal of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Hu Chaoquan , Gao Zhenghong , Yang Xiaorui 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Hematite (α-Fe2O3) hollow spheres were prepared by using carbon microspheres as the template. The products exhibit excellent catalytic performances and can catalyze the oxidation of almost 100% carbon monoxide at 315 °C.
Intercalation of α,ω-Diaminoalkanes in the Interlayer Space of the Protonated Form of the Layered Perovskite H1.8Bi0.2Sr0.8Ta2O7
Authors: Tahara Seiichi , Yamashita Takashi , Kajiwara Go , Sugahara Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
α,ω-Diaminoalkanes (NH2(CH2)nNH2; n = 2, 4, 8, and 12) are intercalated in the interlayer space of the protonated form of a layered perovskite, H1.8Bi0.2Sr0.8Ta2O7 (HSrTa). The amounts of α,ω-diaminoalkanes, which possess a monolayer arrangement in the interlayer space, are calculated as ca. 0.5 per [Bi0.2Sr0.8Ta2O7]. A model for α,ω-diaminoalkane–HSrTa intercalation compounds is proposed, and the model is consistent with that proposed for n-alkylamine–HSrTa intercalation compounds.
A one stage surgical technique for postlaryngectomy voice rehabilitation
Authors: Amatsu Mutsuo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new one‐stage surgical technique for postlaryngectomy speech was applied to 30 patients and its results are described. The essential part of this technique consists of the construction of a tracheoesophageal shunt using the posterior part of the trachea exposed at the time of the laryngectomy to reestablish an air communication between the trachea and the esophagus.
Primary small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the larynx associated with an IgD multiple myeloma
Authors: Thompson David H. , Kao Yi How , Klos Joseph , Fay James , Fetter Theodore W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrimary small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the larynx is a rare condition. We report a case of primary oat cell carcinoma of the subglottic larynx associated with a synchronous IgD multiple myeloma (an unreported association). An increased incidence of carcinoma associated with plasma cell disorders has been reported, and the theories of this association are discussed. In a review of the reported cases, the most successful management of oat cell carcinoma of the larynx appears to incorporate a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Our case was treated with a combination of protocols used for oat cell carcinoma of the larynx and multiple myeloma. At 24 months after diagnosis, the patient is free of oat cell carcinoma, and the multiple myeloma is under control.
Pseudomass lesions due to occult trauma of the larynx
Authors: Hanson David G. , Mancuso Anthony A. , Hanafee William N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFracture of the laryngeal skeleton is best diagnosed by computed tomography. Deformity of the laryngeal cartilage may cause signs and symptoms that suggest neoplastic submucosal mass. Symptoms may not develop until years after the original injury. A series is described in which the patients demonstrate the characteristic signs, symptoms, and computed tomographic appearance of old, often forgotten, fractures of the thyroid cartilage. The diagnosis is best made by computed axial tomography of the neck.
Unilateral multiple benign mixed tumors of the parotid gland
Authors: Behnke Ernest E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultiple tumors of a single salivary gland in an unoperated‐on patient are rare; only five have previously been reported in the world literature. The author reports the sixth case of multiple, benign mixed tumors of a unilateral parotid gland in a 61‐year‐old woman, discusses its management, and reviews the literature.
Anaerobic mastoiditis: A report of two cases with complications
Authors: Moloy Peter J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAerobic bacteria are responsible for most cases of suppurative otitis media/mastoiditis (OM/M). As many as 20–30% of middle ear aspirates in acute otitis media, however, are reported to be sterile on aerobic culture. Some of these cases may be due to anaerobic bacteria.Two cases of OM/M due to anaerobic bacteria are reported. The first patient had no antecedent ear disease and developed a large Bezold abscess caused by Fusobacterium varium. The second patient had attic retraction pouches bilaterally and a history of otorrhea. This patient developed labyrinthitis and meningitis due to B. fragilis. The clinical progression of disease in both cases indicates that anaerobic OM/M can follow a deceptively asymptomatic course. By contrast, complications of OM/M occur abruptly and extend rapidly in a manner typical of acute aerobic disease. Both cases required surgery for cure.
‘Fish in the river’: Experiences of bicultural bilingual speakers
Authors: Heinz Bettina 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
This hermeneutic phenomenological study describes, analyzes, and interprets the lived experience of eight proficient bilingual individuals in the United States. Common themes of speaking one's native language and English as one's second or third language are described. The essences of participants' first-language communicative experiences ranged from feeling more at home and comfortable (‘Fish in the river’) to feeling challenged and uncomfortable (‘A test of skills’). Despite these individual differences, an awareness of the interplay of language, identity, communication, and culture emerged as the structural essence of this lived experience. All participants expressed how speaking one of the languages available to them reflects and creates culturally conditioned aspects of identity as well as aspects of identity related to psychological constructs such as self-esteem and confidence. The findings support basic assumptions of the Communication Theory of Identity and of Ethnolinguistic Identity Theory and point to the need to integrate these two theoretical perspectives.
Disruption of Genetic Interaction Between Two Autosomal Regions and the X Chromosome Causes Reproductive Isolation Between Mouse Strains Derived From Different Subspecies
Authors: Oka Ayako , Aoto Toshihiro , Totsuka Yoshikazu , Takahashi Riichi , Ueda Masatsugu , Mita Akihiko , Sakurai-Yamatani Noriko , Yamamoto Hiromi , Kuriki Satoshi , Takagi Nobuo , Moriwaki Kazuo , Shiroishi Toshihiko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractReproductive isolation that initiates speciation is likely caused by incompatibility among multiple loci in organisms belonging to genetically diverging populations. Laboratory C57BL/6J mice, which predominantly originated from Mus musculus domesticus, and a MSM/Ms strain derived from Japanese wild mice (M. m. molossinus, genetically close to M. m. musculus) are reproductively isolated. Their F1 hybrids are fertile, but successive intercrosses result in sterility. A consomic strain, C57BL/6J-ChrXMSM, which carries the X chromosome of MSM/Ms in the C57BL/6J background, shows male sterility, suggesting a genetic incompatibility of the MSM/Ms X chromosome and other C57BL/6J chromosome(s). In this study, we conducted genomewide linkage analysis and subsequent QTL analysis using the sperm shape anomaly that is the major cause of the sterility of the C57BL/6J-ChrXMSM males. These analyses successfully detected significant QTL on chromosomes 1 and 11 that interact with the X chromosome. The introduction of MSM/Ms chromosomes 1 and 11 into the C57BL/6J-ChrXMSM background failed to restore the sperm-head shape, but did partially restore fertility. This result suggests that this genetic interaction may play a crucial role in the reproductive isolation between the two strains. A detailed analysis of the male sterility by intracytoplasmic sperm injection and zona-free in vitro fertilization demonstrated that the C57BL/6J-ChrXMSM spermatozoa have a defect in penetration through the zona pellucida of eggs.
A New Family of Drosophila Balancer Chromosomes With a w− dfd-GMR Yellow Fluorescent Protein Marker
Authors: Le Tien , Liang Zhiguo , Patel Heeren , Yu Marcus H , Sivasubramaniam Gitanjali , Slovitt Matthew , Tanentzapf Guy , Mohanty Nihar , Paul Sarah M , Wu Victoria M , Beitel Greg J 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We report new w− fluorescent balancers scorable from stage 13 through adulthood that bear a nuclear-localized yellow fluorescent protein marker directly driven by dfd and GMR enhancer elements. The utility of this marker is enhanced by identification of an anti-GFP/yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) serum that is compatible with heat fixation.
Enhancer–Promoter Communication at theyellowGene ofDrosophila melanogaster: Diverse Promoters Participate in and RegulatetransInteractions
Authors: Lee Anne M , Wu C-ting 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe many reports of trans interactions between homologous as well as nonhomologous loci in a wide variety of organisms argue that such interactions play an important role in gene regulation. The yellow locus of Drosophila is especially useful for investigating the mechanisms of trans interactions due to its ability to support transvection and the relative ease with which it can be altered by targeted gene replacement. In this study, we exploit these aspects of yellow to further our understanding of cis as well as trans forms of enhancer–promoter communication. Through the analysis of yellow alleles whose promoters have been replaced with wild-type or altered promoters from other genes, we show that mutation of single core promoter elements of two of the three heterologous promoters tested can influence whether yellow enhancers act in cis or in trans. This finding parallels observations of the yellow promoter, suggesting that the manner in which trans interactions are controlled by core promoter elements describes a general mechanism. We further demonstrate that heterologous promoters themselves can be activated in trans as well as participate in pairing-mediated insulator bypass. These results highlight the potential of diverse promoters to partake in many forms of trans interactions.
Quantitative Trait Loci × Maternal Cytoplasmic Environment Interaction for Development Rate in Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Nichols Krista M , Broman Karl W , Sundin Kyle , Young Jennifer M , Wheeler Paul A , Thorgaard Gary H 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Effects of maternal cytoplasmic environment (MCE) on development rate in rainbow trout were evaluated within a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis framework. Previous research had identified QTL for development rate in doubled haploid (DH) progeny produced from a cross between the Oregon State University (OSU) and the Swanson (SW) River rainbow trout clonal lines. In this study, progeny for QTL mapping were produced from a cross between the OSU and Clearwater (CW) River clonal lines. Doubled haploids were produced from the OSU × CW F1 by androgenesis using eggs from different females (or MCEs); with androgenesis, the maternal nuclear genome was destroyed by irradiation and diploidy was restored by blocking the first embryonic cleavage by heat shock. All embryos were incubated at the same temperature and development rate quantified as time to hatch. Using a linkage map constructed primarily with AFLP markers, QTL mapping was performed, including MCE covariates and QTL × MCE effects in models for testing. The major QTL for development rate in the OSU×SW cross overlaps with the major QTL found in this OSU × CW cross; effects at this locus were the same across MCEs. Both MCE and QTL × MCE effects contribute to variability in development rate, but QTL × MCE were minor and detected only at small-effect QTL.
A Specific Subset of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-Type Channel Subunits inCaenorhabditis elegansEndocrine Cells Function as Mixed Heteromers to Promote Neurotransmitter Release
Authors: Jose Antony M , Bany I Amy , Chase Daniel L , Koelle Michael R 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTransient receptor potential (TRP) channel subunits form homotetramers that function in sensory transduction. Heteromeric channels also form, but their physiological subunit compositions and functions are largely unknown. We found a dominant-negative mutant of the C. elegans TRPV (vanilloid-type) subunit OCR-2 that apparently incorporates into and inactivates OCR-2 homomers as well as heteromers with the TRPV subunits OCR-1 and -4, resulting in a premature egg-laying defect. This defect is reproduced by knocking out all three OCR genes, but not by any single knockout. Thus a mixture of redundant heteromeric channels prevents premature egg laying. These channels, as well as the G-protein Gαo, function in neuroendocrine cells to promote release of neurotransmitters that block egg laying until eggs filling the uterus deform the neuroendocrine cells. The TRPV channel OSM-9, previously suggested to be an obligate heteromeric partner of OCR-2 in sensory neurons, is expressed in the neuroendocrine cells but has no detectable role in egg laying. Our results identify a specific set of heteromeric TRPV channels that redundantly regulate neuroendocrine function and show that a subunit combination that functions in sensory neurons is also present in neuroendocrine cells but has no detectable function in these cells.
Comparison of Upper Thermal Tolerances of Native and Nonnative Fish Species in Arizona
Authors: Carveth Corissa J. , Widmer Ann M. , Bonar Scott A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe used a lethal thermal method to estimate the upper thermal tolerances of 11 native and 7 nonnative fish species found throughout southern Arizona. Fish were acclimated to 25°C and 30°C. For all species tested, an increase in acclimation temperature resulted in a higher thermal tolerance value. Among the species acclimated to 25°C, desert pupfish Cyprinodon macularius, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, and Gila topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis were most tolerant to high temperature. Speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus, spikedace Meda fulgida, and loach minnow R. cobitis were least tolerant. Many native species demonstrated a limited ability to extend their upper temperature tolerances via acclimation. Our data suggest that several native species may be sensitive to increasing annual and large daily temperature fluctuations in Arizona's streams and rivers. Although southwestern native fishes were previously believed to be tolerant to high temperature due to their evolution in desert environments, this study suggests that many of these fishes are less tolerant than previously thought. In addition, many fishes introduced from the eastern United States had higher temperature tolerances than some of the native desert species tested. Increases in stream temperatures in Arizona could reduce the habitat available for native fishes and therefore may favor those nonnative species with higher thermal tolerances.
Crystal field analysis of the ground and excited state absorption of a Cr4+ ion in LiAlO2 and LiGaO2 crystals
Authors: Brik Mikhail , Avram Nicolae , Avram Calin 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The exchange charge model of crystal field theory has been used to analyze the ground and excited state absorption of tetrahedrally coordinated Cr4+ ion in lithium aluminum oxide LiAlO2 (γ-phase) and lithium dioxogallate LiGaO2. The parameters of the crystal field acting on the Cr4+ ion are calculated from the crystal structure data, taking into account the crystal lattice ions located at distances up to 12.744 Å in LiGaO2 and 13. 180 Å in LiAlO2. The obtained energy level schemes were compared with experimental ground and excited state absorption spectra and literature data on the application of other crystal field models (the angular overlap model and Racah theory) to the considered crystals; a good agreement with experimental data is demonstrated.
Modelling of a nitrogen x-ray laser pumped by capillary discharge
Authors: Vrba Pavel , Vrbová Miroslava , Bobrova Nadezhda , Sasorov Pavel 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We performed computer modelling of a fast electrical discharge in a nitrogen-filled alumina capillary in order to discover discharge system parameters that may lead to efficient recombination pumping of soft X-ray laser with active medium created by H-like nitrogen ions. The space-time dependences of pinch plasma quantities were found by means of a one-dimensional MHD code. Time dependences of populations of all ionisation states and populations of selected energy levels of lithium-, helium- and hydrogen-like nitrogen ions were evaluated using the FLY code as a post-processor. The population inversion was found at the quantum transition corresponding to the Balmer α-line of N6+ ions and the resulting gain factor was evaluated for different capillary radii, initial pressure, electric current peaks and periods. A gain factor of 1 cm−1 spanning the time interval of 1 ns was found for an optimised arrangement with capillary radius 1.5 mm, peak current 50 kA, quarter period 40 ns and filling gas pressure 0.5 kPa. It is pointed out that even higher values of the gain factor may be achieved with thinner capillaries and shorter current pulses, e.g. a gain factor of 6 cm−1 is achieved if the capillary radius is 0.5 mm, peak current 56 kA, quarter period 15 ns, and filling nitrogen pressure 3.9 kPa.