bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in vivo acute stent recoil between the bioabsorbable everolimus‐eluting coronary stent and the everolimus‐eluting cobalt chromium coronary stent: Insights from the ABSORB and SPIRIT trials
Authors: Tanimoto Shuzou , Serruys Patrick W. , Thuesen Leif , Dudek Dariusz , de Bruyne Bernard , Chevalier Bernard , Ormiston John A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectives: This study sought to evaluate and compare in vivo acute stent recoil of a novel bioabsorbable stent and a metallic stent. Background: The bioabsorbable everolimus‐eluting coronary stent (BVS) is composed of a poly‐L‐lactic acid backbone, coated with a bioabsorbable polymer containing the antiproliferative drug, everolimus, and expected to be totally metabolized and absorbed in the human body. Because the BVS is made from polymer, it may have more acute recoil than metallic stents in vivo. Methods: A total of 54 patients, who underwent elective stent implantation for single de novo native coronary artery lesions, were enrolled: 27 patients treated with the BVS and 27 patients treated with the everolimus‐eluting cobalt chromium stent (EES). Acute absolute recoil, assessed by quantitative coronary angiography, was defined as the difference between mean diameter of the last inflated balloon at the highest pressure (X) and mean lumen diameter of the stent immediately after the last balloon deflation (Y). Acute percent recoil was defined as (X − Y)/X and expressed as a percentage. Results: Acute absolute recoil of the BVS and EES was 0.20 ± 0.21 mm and 0.13 ± 0.21 mm, respectively (P = 0.32). Acute percent recoil was 6.9% ± 7.0% in the BVS group and 4.3% ± 7.1% in the EES group (P = 0.25). Conclusions: In vivo acute stent recoil of the BVS is slightly larger but insignificantly different from that of the EES, implying that the BVS may have good radial strength similar to the metallic stent. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxic Polyketides Containing Tetramic Acid Moieties Isolated from the Fungus Myceliophthora Thermophila: Elucidation of the Relationship between Cytotoxicity and Stereoconfiguration
Authors: Yang Yu‐Liang , Lu Chun‐Ping , Chen Mao‐Yen , Chen Kuei‐Yu , Wu Yang‐Chang , Wu Shih‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFive new polyketides that contain tetramic acids, myceliothermophins A–E, were isolated from the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila. Two sets of 5‐alkyl‐5‐hydroxyl (or 5‐methoxyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐one diastereomers, myceliothermophins A/B and C/D, were separated as pure compounds by using silica‐gel column chromatography and recycling reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC). The relative configurations of the chiral centers in 5‐alkyl‐5‐hydroxyl (or 5‐methoxyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐one moieties were deduced from NOESY correlations. In the cytotoxic assay, the 5‐(2‐methylpropyldiene)‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐one analogue (myceliothermophin E) exhibited inhibition against four cancer cell lines. In addition, the significant inhibitory effect of myceliothermophins A and C and the inactivity of myceliothermophins B and D revealed the importance of the relative configurations of 5‐alkyl‐5‐hydroxyl (or 5‐methoxyl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐one moieties on their cytotoxicity potency against cancer cells.
Synthesis of Novel 1,4,7,10‐Tetraazacyclodecane‐1,4,7,10‐Tetraacetic Acid (DOTA) Derivatives for Chemoselective Attachment to Unprotected Polyfunctionalized Compounds
Authors: Knör Sebastian , Modlinger Armin , Poethko Thorsten , Schottelius Margret , Wester Hans‐Jürgen , Kessler Horst 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA convenient synthesis of novel bifunctional poly(amino carboxylate) chelating agents allowing chemoselective attachment to highly functionalized biomolecules is described. Based on the well known chelator 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclodecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA), we synthesized novel bifunctional chelating agents bearing additional functional groups by alkylating 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) with one equivalent of para‐functionalized alkyl 2‐bromophenyl‐acetate and three equivalents of tert‐butyl 2‐bromoacetate. The resulting compounds, which contain an additional carbonyl or alkyne functionality, allow site specific labeling of appropriately functionalized unprotected biomolecules in a rapid manner via click reactions. This was demonstrated by the attachment of our new DOTA derivatives to the somatostatin analogue Tyr3‐octreotate by chemoselective oxime ligation and CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Initial biodistribution studies in mice with the radiometalated compound demonstrated the applicability of the described DOTA conjugation.
Characterization of Ph‐negative abnormal clones emerging during imatinib therapy
Authors: Abruzzese Elisabetta , Gozzetti Alessandro , Galimberti Sara , Trawinska Malgorzata Monika , Caravita Tommaso , Siniscalchi Agostina , Cervetti Giulia , Mauriello Alessandro , Coletta Angela Maria , De Fabritiis Paolo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase‐specific inhibitor widely used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Studies reported the occurrence of additional cytogenetic abnormalities in the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐negative cell population emerging after treatment‐induced suppression of the Ph‐positive clone. These abnormalities were described in a relatively high proportion of patients treated with imatinib compared with the anecdotal reports of similar cases in patients treated with other drugs. However, the origin of these abnormalities as well as their biological and clinical significance are unknown.METHODS.The study involved 13 cases of patients diagnosed with CML carrying cytogenetic abnormalities in their Ph‐negative cell population after imatinib treatment. The presence of the markers within the CD34+ stem cell compartment and the cell culture growth were analyzed and patients were followed over time.RESULTS.CD34+ cells express the cytogenetic markers present in Ph− cells, suggesting a possible involvement of the stem cell population. Cultured cells showed normal growth in all but 1 patient. No growth advantage was demonstrated for the Ph‐negative or the Ph‐positive clone after cell culture.CONCLUSIONS.After follow‐up of up to 49 months, none of the patients had evolved to myelodysplasia or acute leukemia. Hypothesis regarding the biological and clinical significance of these abnormalities are formulated. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Reported drop in mammography
Authors: Breen Nancy , A. Cronin Kathleen , Meissner Helen I. , Taplin Stephen H. , Tangka Florence K. , Tiro Jasmin A. , McNeel Timothy S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDTimely screening with mammography can prevent a substantial number of deaths from breast cancer. The objective of this brief was to ascertain whether recent use of mammography has dropped nationally.METHODSThe authors assessed the trend in mammography rates from 1987 through 2005. Then, they used the 2000 and 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) estimates to characterize trends and current patterns in mammography use.RESULTSAfter robust, rapid increases in reported use of mammography by women in the U.S. since 1987, estimates from the 2005 NHIS showed a decline compared with 2000 (from 70% to 66%). Although it was small, this decline may be cause for concern, because it signals a change in direction.CONCLUSIONSThis report establishes for the nation what already has been observed in some local data. The results confirmed that the use of mammography may be falling. This change needs to be monitored carefully and also may call for intervention. Cancer 2007. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society
Long‐range GABAergic projection neurons in the cat neocortex
Authors: Higo Shigeyoshi , Udaka Naoko , Tamamaki Nobuaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeocortical γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons have been previously described as largely involved in local intracortical circuitry. However, our recent findings in the murine model described select neocortical GABAergic neurons that project to both neighboring and more distant neocortical regions. Here, we investigated whether such GABAergic projection neurons are also found in the cat neocortex. Wheat germ agglutinin‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) was injected into the visual, auditory, or somatosensory cortex, in order to label efferent cortical neurons retrogradely and to label axons and terminals orthogradely. Staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH‐d), an enzyme involved in nitric oxide synthesis, was employed, and co‐localization with WGA‐HRP was determined by means of both polarizing and brightfield microscopy. We concluded that neurons double‐labeled with WGA‐HRP and NADPH‐d in a distant region from the WGA‐HRP‐injection site are GABAergic neurons with long‐range projection axons. All double‐labeled neurons were found in cortical layers VIa and VIb and in the white matter. Neurons with intense NADPH‐d reactivity (type I) were determined to be neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) positive in all cases. However, weakly NADPH‐d‐reactive neurons (type II) lacked nNOS immunoreactivity. Moreover, nNOS often co‐localized with GABA, neuropeptide‐Y, and somatostatin in the cat neocortex. In summary, the GABAergic neurons described here projected in a manner similar to that previously described for neocortical principal neurons, although some unique GABAergic long‐range projections were also demonstrated. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:421–431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical and pharmacological relationship between acetylcholine and nitric oxide in the prepositus hypoglossi nucleus of the cat: Functional implications for eye‐movement control
Authors: Márquez‐Ruiz Javier , Morcuende Sara , Navarro‐López Juan De Dios , Escudero Miguel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe prepositus hypoglossi (PH) nucleus has been proposed as a pivotal structure for horizontal eye‐position generation in the oculomotor system. Recent studies have revealed that acetylcholine (ACh) in the PH nucleus could mediate the persistent activity necessary for this process, although the origin of this ACh remains unknown. It is also known that nitric oxide (NO) in the PH nucleus plays an important role in the control of velocity balance, being involved in a negative feedback control of tonic signals arriving at the PH nucleus. As it could be expected that neurons taking part in eye‐position generation must control their tonic background inputs, the existence of a relationship between nitrergic and cholinergic neurons is hypothesized. In the present study we analyzed the distribution, size, and morphology of choline acetyltransferase‐positive neurons, and their relationship with neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the PH nucleus of the cat. As presumed, some 96% of cholinergic neurons were also nitrergic in the PH nucleus, suggesting that NO is regulating the level of ACh released by cholinergic PH neurons. Furthermore, we studied the alterations induced by muscarinic‐receptor agonists and antagonists on spontaneous and vestibularly induced eye movements in the alert cat and compared them with those induced in previous studies by modification of NO levels in the same animal preparation. The results suggest that ACh is necessary for the generation of saccadic and vestibular eye‐position signals, whereas the NO is stabilizing the eye‐position generator by controlling background activity reaching cholinergic neurons in the PH nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol. 503:407–420, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of Kupffer's vesicle in zebrafish embryos using a cave automated virtual environment
Authors: Kreiling Jill A. , Prabhat  , Williams Geoffrey , Creton Robbert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrevious studies show that cilia in Kupffer's vesicle (KV) generate a counterclockwise flow of fluid and provide convincing evidence that this flow regulates left/right asymmetry. We hypothesized that the distribution of cilia in KV leads to this directional flow. However, there are limitations in determining the localization of structures when viewing a three‐dimensional (3‐D) image on a 2‐D computer screen. We analyzed the distribution of KV cilia in the Cave, an immersive virtual environment that displays stacks of confocal images in 3‐D. We found 80% of the cilia are located on the dorsal surface and 20% were located on the ventral surface of the vesicle. We confirmed the ventral location of some cilia by electron microscopy. There is an asymmetrical distribution of cilia on the dorsal surface, with the anterior one third containing 50% and the posterior one third containing 20% of the cilia. This dorsal–anterior patch could explain the directionality of the flow, and could drive local differences in flow rate. Developmental Dynamics 236:1963–1969, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth of Metal Nanoparticles in a Sol‐Gel Silica Thin Film
Authors: Malenovska Miroslava , Martinez Sandra , Neouze Marie‐Alexandra , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSilica films on glass substrates with homogeneously dispersed platinum, gold or silver nanoparticles were prepared by sol‐gel processing mixtures of tetraethoxysilane and {3‐[(2‐aminoethyl)amino]propyl}triethoxysilane complexes of the corresponding metal ions, followed by dip‐coating and hydrogen treatment of the films at elevated temperatures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour
Authors: Tajfel Henri , Billig M. G. , Bundy R. P. , Flament Claude 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of the studies was to assess the effefcs of social categorization on intergroup behaviour when, in the intergroup situation, neither calculations of individual interest nor previously existing attitudes of hostility could have been said to have determined discriminative behaviour against an outgroup. These conditions were satisfied in the experimental design. In the first series of experiments, it was found that the subjects favoured their own group in the distribution of real rewards and penalities in a situation in which nothing but the variable of fairly irrelevant classification distinguished between the ingroup and the outgroup. In the second series of experiments it was found that: 1) maximum joint profit independent of group membership did not affect significantly the manner in which the subjects divided real pecuniary rewards; 2) maximum profit for own group did affect the distribution of rewards; 3) the clearest effect on the distribution of rewards was due to the subjects' attempt to achieve a maximum difference between the ingroup and the outgroup even at the price of sacrificing other ‘objective’ advantages.The design and the results of the study are theoretically discussed within the framework of social norms and expectations and particularly in relation to a ‘generic’ norm of outgroup behaviour prevalent in some societies.
Studies in social influence: I. Those absent are in the right: Convergence and polarization of answers in the course of a social interaction
Authors: Moscovici Serge , Nève Patricia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe theories of social influence assert that: a) the existing dependence on the source of influence and hence the presence of the latter, is the cause of the above changes, b) the effective qualities of the stimulus or those which are attributed to it ‐ ambiguity, clarity and certitude, etc., ‐ can be seen in the divergence or convergence of the estimations made on the stimulus have an independent effect from the relations which exist between this source and its target. In this research OUI aim is to question both postulates by using a very well know phenomenon. On the one hand we have shown that the style of behaviour of the source, its consistency, is sufficient to produce the desired influence. On the other hand, we have shown that if this behaviour creates a conflict of response, the subject will adopt the proposed response on the condition that he has done so of his own free will and not because of having given in under pressure. That is why an absent source of influence can be successfull; the subject has the impression of approaching it without giving in to it, while the presence of a source of influence causes the polarization, this being the only means for the subject to preserve his independence. The experimental paradigm used is the same as that of Sherif. Dozens of experiments have shown that the greater the distance between the stooge subjects and the naive subjects, the greater the tendency for response polarization. In the control situation where subjects were confronted with a constant stoodge for the entire duration of the experiment, we obtained the same results. In the experimental situation where the stooge would leave the room with a justified excuse before the end of the experiment, we have found a trend converging towards his judgements. The polarization phenomenon is therefore due to the relation between the source and the target of influence, to the meaning which is assigned to the distances of judgment rather than to the distances themselves. Moreover, the withdrawal of the source in no way diminishes its influence and so, those who are absent are sometimes right.
Organization structure and sociometric nominations amongst line managers in three contrasted organizations
Authors: Payne Roy L. , Pheysey Diana C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study contrasts the interactions and influence choices amongst line managers in three organizations. The organizations were selected because of their contrasting formal structures (degree of bureaucratization, etc., after Pugh et al., 1968). The relations between the sociometric indicators and the various aspects of organization structure are explored across different sub‐parts of the line management systems.The overall results are that the effects of aspects of organization structure on social processes are generally in the directions predicted, though the relationships are not large; and that the effects of one aspect of organization structure can be moderated by other structurat features. Global generalizations about the effects of, say, ‘bureaucracy’ on social behaviour are therefore inadvisable.
Coalition formation on the gameboard
Authors: Wilke Henk , Mulder Mauk 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study explored the different interpretations of the 4‐3‐2 power pattern (Caplow, 1956) in the standard pachisiboard situation, originated by Vinacke and Arkoff (1957).The results show that A (=4) does not misperceive his power more than B (=3) or C (=2), as Kelley and Arrowood (1960) and Vinacke and Arkoff (1957) assumed. The results also did not fit the predictions of game theory (Shapley and Shubik, 1964). Gamson's (1964) explanation was not confirmed either.The conspiracy hypothesis (Hoffman et al., 1954), which states that if the players perceive that they are comparable and one of the players is given an initial advantage, then the two other players will conspire against him, can explain the results of this study reasonably well.
An apparent exception to the extremization of collective judgments
Authors: Doise Willem 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA reanalysis of data obtained by Kogan and Wallach, 1966 is presented. Wherever the original analysis showed the extremity of unanimous group judgments in general not to be different from the average extremity of individual judgments, the present analysis indicates that these group judgments differ from the average of individual judgments: they are significantly more extreme than the average positions of the individuals.
Effects of agreement and disagreement in groups on recognition memory performance and confidence
Authors: Upmeyer Arnold , Schreiber Wilfried K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThree dependent variables, derived from an extended Signal‐Detection paradigma, were used in each of 3 experiments: memory performance, confidence‐level, and response‐bias. Each memory item was first judged by S and then fictitiously by 2 confederates providing different degrees of agreement and disagreement. As compared to agreement moderate disagreement yielded both better recognition performance and, if S's judgements were false, less confidence. Strong disagreement failed to repeat these findings. Balanced agreement/disagreement raised the level of both performance and confidence relative to a situation without information from the group. In all the experiments correct decisions yielded higher confidence than errors. Festinger's theory of social comparison processes accounts for all results in performance, but for explaining the confidence shifts assumptions on ‘internal cues’ should also be incorporated. The response‐bias was not affected by social treatment differences, thus supporting the view of some Signal‐Detection theorists. Proposals towards a general theory of stimulus processing in social context are outlined and some of its consequences are discussed by taking as examples some conformity experiments.
Scaling of attitude items under stress: Response shift or change of personal reference scale?
Authors: Schönpflug Ute , Schönpflug Wolfgang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this experiment was to explore psychological mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of extremization of judgments (accentuation) under stress. Specifically the question was raised whether accentuation was due to some change of the internal representation of the objective scale (the personal reference scale, Upshaw, 1969). In the case of no indication for such a change a further analysis of accentuation concerning the nature of response shifts was intended.Four different degrees of stress were induced by varying levels of white noise stimulation. Induction of stress was monitored by measures of electrodermal and cardiac activity. Ss in each of the stress conditions rated statements on social issues for degree of socialist or communist attitude expressed. In part I of the experiment Ss were free to choose any bipolar scale comprising 2–13 categories. In part II they repeated their judgments on a 9‐point bipolar scale.As degree of stress was not systematically related to scale selection in part I, there was no support for the hypothesis of a change of personal reference scale. A linear function between a general instability of the judgmental frame of reference and stress was found, however. Again an increasing tendency to accentuate under intermediate stress levels was observed. Under medium degree of stress an increased tendency to vary scales was also observed.