bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal temporal discrimination threshold in patients with multiple system atrophy
Authors: Lyoo Chul H. , Lee Seung Yeob , Song Tae Jin , Sik Lee Myung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe temporal discrimination threshold (TDT), the shortest time interval that allows two temporally separated successive stimuli to be perceived as two different stimuli, is a constituent of kinesthetic sensation. Intact kinesthesia is a necessity for well‐controlled voluntary movements. In patients with Parkinson's disease and dystonia, abnormally increased TDT has been reported and it may contribute to the pathophysiology of motor deficits. We explored the integrity and clinical significance of TDT in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). A total of 30 de novo patients with MSA and 11 age‐matched normal controls were included. The TDT values were measured in the feet with four different paradigms (ascending and descending interstimuli intervals; same and different point stimulation). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Motor and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) scores were measured for parkinsonian and cerebellar deficits, respectively. Means of the TDT values of the patients with MSA were higher than those of the controls. The TDT values correlated with UPDRS Motor scores independent of ICARS scores. Among the parkinsonian motor deficits, only the UPDRS Motor subscores representing bradykinesia correlated with the TDT values. In patients with MSA, abnormal somatic sensory processing seems to be associated with damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic and/or striatal neurons. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Dystonia gravidarum: A new case with a long follow‐up
Authors: Fasano Alfonso , Elia Antonio E. , Guidubaldi Arianna , Tonali Pietro A. , Bentivoglio Anna Rita 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe report a case of cervical dystonia occurring in a 33‐year‐old without personal history of movement disorder but with family history of essential tremor, primigravid, primiparous woman at 1 weeks' amenorrhea, resolved completely after delivery in the course of 3 months. Dystonia never recurred in the following 5 years. Several neurological disorders are known to occur or worsen during pregnancy. As far as we know, this is the second reported case of dystonia occurring during pregnancy, thus confirming that dystonia gravidarum represents a new entity and should be considered in women of reproductive age affected by dystonia, especially when presenting with rapid‐onset cervical dystonia. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Permanent lithium‐induced cerebellar toxicity: Three cases and review of literature
Authors: Niethammer Martin , Ford Blair 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLithium can have toxic effects on the central nervous system that are both acute and chronic. Uncommonly, a long‐lasting cerebellar syndrome follows acute toxicity. The mechanism of cerebellar injury is not well understood. We present 3 cases of this syndrome, with video demonstrating the typical features of this syndrome. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Evaluating posterolateral linearization of the putaminal margin with magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy
Authors: Ito Shoichi , Shirai Wakako , Hattori Takamichi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe objective was to develop a simple method for evaluating putaminal atrophy in patients with the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P). We used magnetic resonance imaging to study 9 patients with MSA‐P, 24 patients with cerebellar variants of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐C), 38 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 27 healthy control subjects. Posterolateral linearization of the putaminal margin was semiquantitatively scored and the putaminal area per intracranial area was calculated as the adjusted putaminal area. There was a negative correlation between the linearization scores and adjusted putaminal areas (r = −0.43, P < 0.001), such that the mean adjusted putaminal area in the group without putaminal linearization (0.0148 ± 0.0022) was greater than that of the group with linearization (0.0124 ± 0.0029, P < 0.005). Moreover, the occurrence of putaminal linearization was significantly higher in MSA‐P patients (88.8%) than in MSA‐C (8.3%), PD (7.9%) and healthy subjects (7.4%; P < 0.005). Putaminal linearization was a highly sensitive (0.89) and specific (0.91) measure for differentiating MSA‐P. Our results suggest that evaluating posterolateral putaminal linearization is useful for assessing putaminal atrophy and for differentiating MSA‐P from MSA‐C, PD, and healthy subjects. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Transcranial imaging of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in a Taiwanese cohort of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang Yu‐Wen , Jeng Jiann‐Shing , Tsai Chung‐Fen , Chen Li‐Ling , Wu Ruey‐Meei 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTranscranial Doppler imaging (TCDI) has been used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to differentiate Parkinson's disease (PD) from atypical parkinsonism by detecting hyperechogenicity in the substantia nigra (SN). To our knowledge, no TCDI data are available for Asian populations, and TCDI sensitivity is uncertain across populations. Early‐onset PD (EOPD) represents a specific PD subtype based on clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms. It is not known if EOPD patients have abnormal echogenicity in SN comparable to late‐onset PD (LOPD) patients. We assessed the area of SN hyperechogenicity (hyper‐SN) and a ratio of hyper‐SN over ipsilateral midbrain (S/M ratio) with TCDI in 164 healthy Taiwanese, 40 EOPD patients, and 40 LOPD patients. The upper 95th percentile values for hyper‐SN and S/M ratio were 0.20 cm2 and 0.07. Our results indicate that S/M ratio is a more sensitive measure than hyper‐SN in diagnosing PD. Approximately 92.5% of the LOPD patients and 57.5% of the EOPD patients had S/M ratios ≥ 0.07. Enlarged hyperechogenicity of SN is a common finding in LOPD, but not in EOPD. Iron‐independent mechanisms of SN cell degeneration in EOPD distinct from that in LOPD might contribute to the sonographic findings. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Design and implementation of a miniaturized high‐linearity 3–5 GHz ultrawideband CMOS low‐noise amplifier
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Yang Zheng‐Hua , Chen Chi‐Chen , Chao Tai‐Cheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article, we demonstrate a miniaturized high‐linearity (IIP3 = 8 dBm at 4 GHz) 3–5‐GHz ultrawideband low‐noise amplifier (LNA) implemented in a standard 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. The inductive‐series peaking technique was used to enhance the gain and bandwidth performances of the LNA. The measurement results show voltage gain greater than 10 dB, reverse isolation (S12) lower than −15 dB, and noise figure lower than 3.3 dB were achieved for frequencies lower than 5 GHz. In addition, input return loss (S11) lower than −8 dB was achieved for frequencies lower than 4.5 GHz. The chip area is only 0.4 mm2, excluding the test pads. This LNA drains 8.75 mA current at supply voltage of 2 V, i.e., it only consumes 17.5 mW power. These results are helpful for RFIC designers to realize miniaturized high‐linearity RF receiver front‐end ICs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 524–526, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22175
Analytical study on uneven heating relaxation of food inside industrial microwave oven by means of water film
Authors: Suga Ryosuke , Ijuin Taichi , Hashimoto Osamu , Takatomi Tetsuya , Watanabe Shinya 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWhen foods are sterilized by heating in the industrial microwave oven, uneven heating takes place inside the heated foods. This causes inadequate sterilization and deterioration of foods. In this paper, we analyzed temperature distribution of a food inside the industrial microwave oven. Parallel finite‐difference time‐domain method and heat transfer equation are applied to the temperature analysis. As a result, the trend of the temperature distribution inside the food is explained. And, it is confirmed that temperature rise at the edge of the cup is reduced by arranging water film around the food. Basic data for uniform heating of foods is provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 518–521, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22177
Rate‐equation‐based circuit model of high‐speed semiconductor lasers
Authors: Zhang S. J. , Zhu N. H. , Pun E. Y. B. , Chung P. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBased on rate equations of semiconductor laser, a symbolically‐defined model for optical transmission system performance evaluation and network characterization in both time‐ and frequency‐domains is presented. The steady‐state and small‐signal characteristics, such as current–photon density curve, current–voltage curve, and input impedance, can be predicted from this model. Two important dynamic characteristics, second‐order harmonic distortion and two‐tone third‐order intermodulation products, are evaluated under different driving conditions. Experiments show that the simulated results agree well with the published data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 539–542, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22180
Band‐stop filter based on a substrate embedded with metamaterials
Authors: Kong Soon‐Cheol , Thomas Zachary M. , Chen Xudong , Wu Bae‐Ian , Grzegorczyk Tomasz M. , Kong Jin Au 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effects of embedding SRR into a substrate of microstrip line are investigated, in particular in transmission. The simulation and experimental results show band‐stop property of the device. Also, reduced radiation loss and device volume are achieved by applying the image theory from a symmetric SRR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 530–534, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22184
PEC condition implementation for the ADI‐FDTD method
Authors: Chen Juan , Wang Jianguo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe perfect‐electric‐conductor (PEC) condition implementation for the alternating‐direction‐implicit finite‐difference time‐domain (ADI‐FDTD) method is discussed in this article. By comparing different implementation strategies, it shows that the most accurate implementation method is that the PEC condition is directly incorporated within the tridiagonal matrix. Compared with the other two methods commonly used in conventional FDTD, this method is unconditionally stable and has higher accuracy. The theory proposed in this article is validated through numerical examples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 526–530, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22185
Simple estimation formulas for rectangular dielectric waveguide single‐mode range and propagation constant
Authors: Hamilton Dean P. , Green Roger J. , Leeson Mark S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractClosed‐form formulas for estimating the single‐mode frequency range and propagation constant of open rectangular dielectric waveguides are presented. The formulas are based on curve fitting to normalized results by the popular Marcatili method, suitably modified to reduce error. Excellent agreement with independent experimental data is reported. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 503–505, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22187
Planar slot antenna with PBG filter for wireless communications
Authors: Consoli Fabrizio , Catalano Rocco , Laudani Roberto , Tumino Livia , Barbarino Sebastiano 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA planar circular slot antenna, integrated with a band‐stop photonic bandgap filter is presented here. The complete realized prototype is suitable to cover the bandwidth requirements of many wireless communication standards in one solution. The work describes the detailed study of both the antenna and the PBG filter properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 551–555, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22191
Simultaneously all‐optical inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion employing SOA‐based Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Chen Zhixin , Wu Jian , Xu Kun , Lin Jintong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper have successfully demonstrated an all‐optical wavelength conversion scheme for all‐speed return‐to‐zero (RZ) format data at 10 Gbit/s rate by using a Sagnac interferometer based on semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The attractive issue of the proposed method is that the converted signal can be obtained simultaneously with inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion signals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 547–551, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22192
A wide rejection bandwidth bandpass filter with stepped‐impedance hairpin resonator and interlaced coupled‐line
Authors: Her Man‐Long , Hsu Ming‐Wei , Wu Ying‐De , Ko Wen , Hsu Chou‐Jung 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a wide rejection bandwidth bandpass filter with stepped‐impedance hairpin (SIH) resonator and interlaced coupled‐line was proposed. With the former, its elliptic‐function low‐pass response was adopted to steepen the upper roll off characteristic and flatten the rejection level; the latter was utilized to broaden the rejection bandwidth by shifting the transmission zero. Measured results show that the filter with interlaced length λ2 mm has suppressed the second harmonic response from −19 to −53 dB when compared to three stages conventional parallel coupled‐line filter. Moreover, the upper rejection bandwidth was expanded from 3.2 to 4.5 GHz when the interlaced coupled‐line was increased from 0 to 3 mm, which stands for 40% improvement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 542–545, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22194
Application of effective index method to higher order modes of photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Wang Ching‐yue , Peng Yan , Hu Minglie , Chen Yongyao , Liu Bowen , Chai Lu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe application of effective index method (EIM) to calculate the modal indices of higher order modes (HOMs) of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is investigated. The effective index of the fiber cladding is obtained by a plane wave expansion method because analytical solution is found to induce large errors for PCFs with large air holes. The modal indices of the TE01 and TM01 modes of a PCF are solved using EIM as a demonstration of the applicability of this method. It is shown that there exists a different optimized core for these two modes when compared with the case for the fundamental HE11 mode. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 567–570, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22196
Assessment of design procedures of nearly axis‐symmetric shaped lens antennas: A comparative study between 2‐D and 3‐D formulations
Authors: Sauleau Ronan , Barès Barbara 
Published: January 2007

AbstractShaped integrated lens antennas (ILAs) are attractive for beam‐shaping applications at millimeter waves and specific synthesis methodologies have been proposed for their design. The purpose of this paper is two‐fold. First, we focus on the particularities associated with the geometrical optics/physical optics (GO/PO) analysis of numerically‐specified arbitrarily‐shaped ILAs, namely (i) the interpolation procedures of generic 3‐D ILAs and (ii) the computation of their surface curvature parameters. In particular, new closed‐form expressions of the principal radii of curvature of a curved interface are established. Second, two synthesis procedures, previously implemented for nearly axis‐symmetric and arbitrarily‐shaped ILAs, are compared and discussed numerically and experimentally. To this end, two ILAs made from Teflon are designed and fabricated, starting from the same radiation specification at 58.5 GHz (the amplitude template is a circularly‐symmetric pencil beam). Both prototypes are fed by a 2 × 2 elements microstrip antenna array. The experimental results are in satisfactory agreement with the simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 615–622, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22198
A 4 × 4 Butler matrix optimized for UMTS applications
Authors: Kaifas Theodoros N. , Sahalos John N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA 4 × 4 Butler matrix (BM) optimized for UMTS applications is presented. Special care is taken for the design of the elliptic couplers and the line crossovers. The BM is fabricated by conventional photolithography on a single laminate. No expensive double layer/multilayer or high permittivity substrates or high‐temperature superconductors are used. The design is compact and complies with the bandwidth specifications of the UMTS band. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 585–588, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22200
Compact bandpass filter using modified CMRC and double‐sided parallel‐strip line
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Yin , Xue Quan , Hu Bin‐Jie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA novel bandpass filter using modified compact microstrip resonant cell (CMRC) and double‐sided parallel‐strip line is proposed in this article. On the basis of the modified CMRC resonator, the proposed filter has compact size. Moreover, this filter obtains a low insertion loss and sharp rejection. A demonstration filter was designed, fabricated and measured. Theoretical and experimental results are presented and show good agreement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 583–585, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22201
Improvement of the resonant characteristics of the short‐ended stub by the optimal arrangement positions of via‐holes
Authors: Wu Ifong , Nishizawa Shinichiro , Hashimoto Osamu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA method for improving the resonant characteristic of the short‐ended stub is proposed by locating the via‐holes on the optimal position on the ground. In the first step, the optimal length of the stub at 1 GHz is evaluated by comparing the numerical calculated result and the measured result (used the fabricated stub), which is based on the theoretical calculation, and the resonant characteristics shifted to the lower frequency regions. These shifting phenomena of the resonant characteristics are caused by the via‐hole. When the via‐hole is arranged on the substrate, the via‐hole becomes part of the stub, and the length of the stub becomes longer than the theoretical calculation. As a result, a good agreement between both results is achieved when the stub length is 27.43 mm, and hence the optimal length of the stub is confirmed. For the second step, the optimal arrangement position of the via‐holes is evaluated by using current distribution on the stub model. In this study, we applied the Green's function method to obtain the current distribution. The improvement of resonant characteristic is achieved by arranging the via‐holes on the place where the currents concentrate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 642–645, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22202
Sensitivity analysis of iterative adjoint technique for microstrip circuits optimization
Authors: Yuan Tao , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Li Le‐Wei , Zouhdi Saïd , Leong Mook‐Seng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate and efficient full‐wave method, combined with iterative adjoint technique, for analyzing sensitivities of planar microwave circuits with respect to design parameters. Method of moments (MoM) in spatial domain is utilized, and generalized conjugate residual iterative scheme is applied to solve the linear matrix equations with fast convergence. Green's functions for multilayer planar structures in DCIM form are employed to simplify the spatial domain manipulation. In the present method, a conventional integration model and the corresponding adjoint model are solved by MoM respectively. The adjoint technique, with the aid of iterative schemes, could significantly reduce the computational requirements, especially for the large electrical size device with many perturbing design parameters. Numerical results of S‐parameter sensitivities of a low‐pass microstrip filter by the present method are presented. Accuracy and efficiency are validated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 607–609, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22204
A planar‐type dielectric resonator and filter using LTCC process
Authors: Yim Jounghyun , Kang Daehyun , Son Seokho , Kim Bumman 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new structure planar‐type dielectric resonator (PDR) with high Q has been developed using an LTCC process. The PDR consists of two different dielectric constant materials, a hollow patch center ground plane in the middle of the cavity layer and shielded cavity metals. The realized PDR shows a high unloaded‐Q factor of about 1920 at 34.3 GHz. We also developed a dual mode band‐pass filter using the proposed PDR, demonstrating a compact filter at a millimeter‐wave band. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 578–581, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22206
Omnidirectional circularly polarized slot antenna fed by a cylindrical waveguide in millimeter band
Authors: Masa‐Campos José Luis , Fernández J. M. , Sierra‐Pérez M. , Fernández‐Jambrina José Luis 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA circularly polarized slotted array antenna is presented. The array is fed by a circular waveguide propagating the TM01, to properly generate the required polarization. An omnidirectional azimuth radiation pattern is obtained, as well as a −10°/+30° elevation antenna coverage. Low losses are achieved because of the waveguide feed. The slot array is mechanized over the metallic wall of the circular waveguide. Furthermore, the antenna presents a solid and rigid mechanical structure, which guarantees an optimum and repetitive response in a manufacturing process. A prototype antenna has been designed and measured. Satisfactory results have been obtained. The slotted array takes part from a signal detection system centered in 36.85 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 638–642, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22207
Reliability of loss‐coupled 1.55 μm DFB laser diode with automatically buried absorptive InAsP layer
Authors: Han Jae‐Ho , Park Sung‐Woong 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe authors achieved loss‐coupled 1.55 μm distributed feedback laser diode incorporating automatically buried absorptive layer implemented by a single step growth that simplifies device fabrication than those of conventional ones. Based on 2800 h of accelerated aging test, estimated lifetime is 1.4 × 106 h at room temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 636–638, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22208