bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Temporal Theatres of Sculpture and Drama: Wole Soyinka and New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art
Authors: Clausius  
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo investigate the practices of evaluating and collecting African art is to expose the way in which modernism has dehistorized African art, globalizing it, universalizing it, rendering it timeless and thus 'modern.' In this way, modernism holds a mirror to itself, claiming for itself properties of truth and authenticity. The evolution of the New York art scene between 1957 and 1982 demonstrates a shift in museological praxis from anthropological to cultural theatre. In opposition to the neutralizing of history and the valorization of modernism, Wole Soyinka's tragic drama Death and the King's Horseman involves the spectator in a more interrogative instability. The synecdochal art object at the centre of the play, the egungun death mask, represents the extreme cultural negotiation of the imperialist stage. Unlike the passive, stoic nature of African sculpture, however, the ritual of the mask is aggressive and demanding, insisting as it does on its place in the terrifying vortex of post-colonial power politics.
Time is not fleeting: Thoughts of a Medieval Zen Buddhist
Authors: Steineck Christian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAwareness of impermanence is an attitude that permeates much of traditional Japanese culture. It is often seen to be grounded in Buddhist doctrine, which emphasizes the transiency of everything that exists. However, there are statements by the medieval Zen Master Dôgen (1200-1253) – a professedly orthodox Buddhist and arguably one of the most important religious minds from this country – that contradict this feeling. Arguing against over-emphasis on time's passage, Dôgen asserted the stationary aspects of time. Some of his modern readers took such statements as expressions of mystical insight into a world of timeless truth. A close reading of the sources suggests instead that Dôgen wanted to argue against eternalist as well as nihilist views. He developed a complex view of time, which accounts for its stable sequential order. This theory served to substantiate his claim that the Buddhist ideal could only be realized by continued religious practice.
Carl Schmitt, Political Theology, and Eschatology
Authors: Ostovich Steven 
Published: June 2007

Abstract"Political Theology" is the rubric under which Carl Schmitt constructed his critique of liberalism and modern political culture. This critique remains influential even given the taint attached to Schmitt's name by his Nazi involvement. Schmitt's presupposition was that political concepts are secularized theological concepts, and his "political theology of the mortal god" was an attempt to formulate a political theological reason that could think through the paradox of sovereignty. This attempt founders on his inadequate understanding of the theological concept of time as eschatological. Reflecting on his failure provides a way to think anew about time as well as politics.
The Tyranny of Temporality: Edmund Spenser, Desire and the Already Written Text
Authors: Schmelzer Mary 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper seeks to example the temporal dissonances between acts of imagination or creation and their representation in writing. What one can imagine in its synchronic fullness resists recovery in the diachronic, word by word act of writing, leading to frustration as well as the continued attempt and continued failure to get it right in writing. The artist/scientist tries to navigate this precarious space constantly. This seems to be precisely what Edmund Spenser is getting at in Canto X of Book VI of The Faerie Queene which describes Colin Clout's Vision on Mount Acidale, its interruption and interpretation. I offer it as a model of the tyranny of temporality.
Nowness and Loss of Meaning in Tensed Propositions
Authors: Riggs Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe debate over the ontological status of tense continues between A-theorists and B-theorists. Although it has been conceded by B-theorists that reference to tenses cannot be completely eliminated, they claim that this does not require a commitment to the existence of tensed facts. This article will seek to highlight an aspect of the meaning of tensed propositions that seems to have been overlooked, i.e. that tensed propositions retain their meaning only under certain circumstances.
Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Nature in the Early Poetry of Nāzik Al-Malā'ika
Authors: Husni Ronak 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNāzik al-Malā'ika's early collections of poetry are characterised by a love of nature. Like many English Romantic poets, she viewed the countryside as symbolic of innocence and beauty, while contrasting the purity and splendour of nature with the oppressiveness and artificiality of the city. The idea of nature as a moral guide often appears in her poetry; man can learn lessons of love, morality and forgiveness from nature more easily than from his fellow man or from books. Yet, she, at times, rejected an idealised picture of nature.
She is the Capital of the Soul: The Book of San'ā' by 'Abd Al-'Azīz Al-Maqālih
Authors: Huri Yair 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe article discusses the idiosyncratic poetics of the Yemen's foremost modernist poet, ?Abd al-?Azız al-Maqālih, as reflected in his unique volume Kitāb San?ā? ("The Book of San?ā'", 2000). Though many critics regard the work merely as a tribute to his home city, I argue that this unique collection of poems primarily expresses al-Maqāslih's views regarding the essence of poetic language. Using San?ā''s extraordinary cityscape and establishing a sense of magical realism, al-Maqālih juxtaposes two cities—the "real" San?ā? and the "poetic" San?ā?. By fusing the two, the poet dexterously conveys his modernist notions about the demiurgic power of language and the necessity of dream-vision in constructing new realities within artistic creation.
From Sīrah to Qasīdah: Poetics and Polemics in Al-Būsīrī's Qasīdat Al-Burdah (Mantle Ode)
Authors: Stetkevych Suzanne Pinckney 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study of the celebrated 7/13th century madīh/nabawī (praise poem to the Prophet Muhammad), al-Būsīrī's Qasīdat al-Burdah (Mantle Ode), takes as its premise the supplicatory structure of the ode expounded in the author's earlier study of the poem, "From Text to Talisman" (2006). It argues that the central portions of the Burdah, Parts IV to VIII, which are derived from prose sources for the Sīrah (biography) of the Prophet, have been poetically recast in the rhetorically ornate badī' style of the High 'Abbāsid period. This accomplishes two goals: first, by expressing the Prophet's Miracles, the Night Journey and Ascension, the Miraculousness of the Qur'aeān and the Prophet's Jihād and Campaigns in the robust metalanguage identified with the period of Arab-Islamic cultural and political hegemony, the poet creates a mythic concordance between the two eras. Second, through the intricate rhetorical workings of badī' devices, the poet elicits from "historical" events in the Prophet's life cosmic and timeless connections and associations. The result is that these sections of the Burdah provide a polemic that promotes an ideology of Islamic Manifiest Destiny. This is intended to establish the eternal veracity of Muhammad's prophethood and message (Islam), and its continued efficacy for both the Community and the individual believer. Above all, these sections, which function as extensions of the madīh (praise) section of the poem, confirm the mamdū;h's ability to grant the request that the poet-supplicant makes: the Prophet's intercession (shafā'ah) on the Day of Judgment.
Le Prélude Amoureux Ou la Quête de L'ipséité dans la Poésie Arabe Classique
Authors: Labidi Mokhtar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDans le nasīb de la période préislamique, il y a « quelque chose dont l'invisible présence nous comble, dont l'absence inexplicable nous laisse curieusement inquiets, quelque chose qui n'existe pas et qui est pourtant la chose la plus importante entre toutes les choses importantes, la seule qui vaille la peine d'être dite et la seule justement qu'on ne puisse dire » (Vladimir Jankélévitch, Le je ne sais quoi et le presque rien). En effet, les thèmes amoureux que l'on trouve dans le prélude conventionnel reflètent le désir du poète arabe classique de comprendre "l'inexplicable," de se dégager de l'inertie voire de la décrépitude et de la mort pour aviver par le truchement de la réminiscence, de l'apostrophe et de la déploration des campements désertés le monde de la vie et de la stabilité. Le poète élégiaque de la Jāhiliyya, en se rappelant non sans amertume les moments inoubliables vécus auprès de la dulcinée tend à fuir la solitude, la séparation et l'oubli car il porte dans sa nature le désir de sortir du non-être (non-ipséité) pour accomplir son être (ipséité).
Classical Elements in Mahjar Poetry
Authors: Jubran Sulaiman 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMahjar poets, particularly members of al-Rābitah al-qalamiyyah, established a new "romantic" school that exercised an immense influence on modern Arabic poetry as a whole. Most of the scholars who have studied this poetry have put excessive emphasis on its Christian components, minimizing, if not altogether ignoring, Islamic and classical elements. This article examines whether this attitude is warranted, by investigating in detail the poetry of Nasıb Arıdah, a prominent representative of that school. It turns out that Christian sources are infrequent in Arıdah's poetry, whereas Islamic and classical sources predominate. I conclude that the generalization about the primacy of Christian culture in the works of the al-Rābitah group is of doubtful validity, and that further investigations similar to this study are needed.
How Seventeenth-century Evensong Forms Twenty-first-century Character: An Evocation
Authors: Wells Samuel 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe centre of theological ethics is not the decision made in a crisis, but character formed over time. Christian character is shaped primarily through worship. Worship saves theology from Gnosticism and praxis from despair. Anglican Evensong offers four key practices—singing the psalms, listening to Scripture, singing the canticles and saying the Creed—that constitute the practice of friendship with God. The argument is illuminated by examples of how worship transforms character.
Cerebellar gene expression profiles of mouse models for Rett syndrome reveal novel MeCP2 targets
Authors: Jordan ChaRandle , Li Hong Hua , Kwan Helen C , Francke Uta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundMeCP2, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, binds to methylated cytosines at CpG dinucleotides, as well as to unmethylated DNA, and affects chromatin condensation.MECP2mutations in females lead to Rett syndrome, a neurological disorder characterized by developmental stagnation and regression, loss of purposeful hand movements and speech, stereotypic hand movements, deceleration of brain growth, autonomic dysfunction and seizures. Most mutations occurde novoduring spermatogenesis. Located at Xq28,MECP2is subject to X inactivation, and affected females are mosaic. Rare hemizygous males suffer from a severe congenital encephalopathy.MethodsTo identify the pathways mis-regulated by MeCP2 deficiency, microarray-based global gene expression studies were carried out in cerebellum ofMecp2mutant mice. We compared transcript levels in mutant/wildtype male sibs of two different MeCP2-deficient mouse models at 2, 4 and 8 weeks of age. Increased transcript levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to documentin vivoMeCP2 binding to promoter regions of candidate target genes.ResultsOf several hundred genes with altered expression levels in the mutants, twice as many were increased than decreased, and only 27 were differentially expressed at more than one time point. The number of misregulated genes was 30% lower in mice with the exon 3 deletion (Mecp2tm1.1Jae) than in mice with the larger deletion (Mecp2tm1.1Bird). Between the mutants, few genes overlapped at each time point. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays validated increased transcript levels for four genes:Irak1, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1;Fxyd1, phospholemman, associated with Na, K-ATPase;Reln, encoding an extracellular signaling molecule essential for neuronal lamination and synaptic plasticity; andGtl2/Meg3, an imprinted maternally expressed non-translated RNA that serves as a host gene for C/D box snoRNAs and microRNAs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays documentedin vivoMeCP2 binding to promoter regions ofFxyd1, Reln, andGtl2.ConclusionTranscriptional profiling of cerebellum failed to detect significant global changes inMecp2-mutant mice. Increased transcript levels ofIrak1, Fxyd1, Reln, andGtl2may contribute to the neuronal dysfunction in MeCP2-deficient mice and individuals with Rett syndrome. Our data provide testable hypotheses for future studies of the regulatory or signaling pathways that these genes act on.
Elevated expression of VEGFR-3 in lymphatic endothelial cells from lymphangiomas
Authors: Norgall Susanne , Papoutsi Maria , Rössler Jochen , Schweigerer Lothar , Wilting Jörg , Weich Herbert A 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Lymphangiomas are neoplasias of childhood. Their etiology is unknown and a causal therapy does not exist. The recent discovery of highly specific markers for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) has permitted their isolation and characterization, but expression levels and stability of molecular markers on LECs from healthy and lymphangioma tissues have not been studied yet. We addressed this problem by profiling LECs from normal dermis and two children suffering from lymphangioma, and also compared them with blood endothelial cells (BECs) from umbilical vein, aorta and myometrial microvessels.

Methods
Lymphangioma tissue samples were obtained from two young patients suffering from lymphangioma in the axillary and upper arm region. Initially isolated with anti-CD31 (PECAM-1) antibodies, the cells were separated by FACS sorting and magnetic beads using anti-podoplanin and/or LYVE-1 antibodies. Characterization was performed by FACS analysis, immunofluorescence staining, ELISA and micro-array gene analysis.

Results
LECs from foreskin and lymphangioma had an almost identical pattern of lymphendothelial markers such as podoplanin, Prox1, reelin, cMaf and integrin-α1 and -α9. However, LYVE-1 was down-regulated and VEGFR-2 and R-3 were up-regulated in lymphangiomas. Prox1 was constantly expressed in LECs but not in any of the BECs.

Conclusion
LECs from different sources express slightly variable molecular markers, but can always be distinguished from BECs by their Prox1 expression. High levels of VEGFR-3 and -2 seem to contribute to the etiology of lymphangiomas.
Study on roles of anaplerotic pathways in glutamate overproduction of Corynebacterium glutamicum by metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Shirai Tomokazu , Fujimura Koki , Furusawa Chikara , Nagahisa Keisuke , Shioya Suteaki , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background

Corynebacterium glutamicum has several anaplerotic pathways (anaplerosis), which are essential for the productions of amino acids, such as lysine and glutamate. It is still not clear how flux changes in anaplerotic pathways happen when glutamate production is induced by triggers, such as biotin depletion and the addition of the detergent material, Tween 40. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed which anaplerotic pathway flux most markedly changes the glutamate overproduction induced by Tween 40 addition.

Results
We performed a metabolic flux analysis (MFA) with [1-13C]- and [U-13C]-labeled glucose in the glutamate production phase of C. glutamicum, based on the analysis of the time courses of 13C incorporation into proteinogenic amino acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The flux from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to oxaloacetate (Oxa) catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) was active in the growth phase not producing glutamate, whereas that from pyruvate to Oxa catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase (Pc) was inactive. In the glutamate overproduction phase induced by the addition of the detergent material Tween 40, the reaction catalyzed by Pc also became active in addition to the reaction catalyzed by PEPc.

Conclusion
It was clarified by a quantitative 13C MFA that the reaction catalyzed by Pc is most markedly increased, whereas other fluxes of PEPc and PEPck remain constant in the glutamate overproduction induced by Tween 40. This result is consistent with the previous results obtained in a comparative study on the glutamate productions of genetically recombinant Pc- and PEPc-overexpressing strains. The importance of a specific reaction in an anaplerotic pathway was elucidated at a metabolic level by MFA.
Genome position and gene amplification
Authors: Gajduskova Pavla , Snijders Antoine M , Kwek Serena , Roydasgupta Ritu , Fridlyand Jane , Tokuyasu Taku , Pinkel Daniel , Albertson Donna G 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background
Amplifications, regions of focal high-level copy number change, lead to overexpression of oncogenes or drug resistance genes in tumors. Their presence is often associated with poor prognosis; however, the use of amplification as a mechanism for overexpression of a particular gene in tumors varies. To investigate the influence of genome position on propensity to amplify, we integrated a mutant form of the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase into different positions in the human genome, challenged cells with methotrexate and then studied the genomic alterations arising in drug resistant cells.

Results
We observed site-specific differences in methotrexate sensitivity, amplicon organization and amplification frequency. One site was uniquely associated with a significantly enhanced propensity to amplify and recurrent amplicon boundaries, possibly implicating a rare folate-sensitive fragile site in initiating amplification. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression patterns and subsequent gene enrichment analysis revealed two clusters differing significantly in expression of MYC target genes independent of integration site.

Conclusion
These studies suggest that genome context together with the particular challenges to genome stability experienced during the progression to cancer contribute to the propensity to amplify a specific oncogene or drug resistance gene, whereas the overall functional response to drug (or other) challenge may be independent of the genomic location of an oncogene.
Molecular mechanisms of thrombin-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) expression in THP-1-derived and primary human macrophages
Authors: Zheng Lei , Martins-Green Manuela 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUnder normal conditions, macrophages provide essential innate immune surveillance in tissues. These cells also play key functions during wound healing and in pathological conditions. When macrophages are exposed to thrombin, an enzyme released from leaky blood vessels, they are stimulated to produce inflammatory cytokines, which are critical for wound healing and can also facilitate tumor growth and invasion. Using antibody cytokine arrays, we identified IL-8/CXCL8, a chemokine that plays important functions in inflammation and angiogenesis and consequently in healing and tumor development, as one of the cytokines that is highly stimulated in macrophages by thrombin. Here, we investigated the signal transduction mechanism by which thrombin stimulates IL-8/CXCL8 expression in THP-1-derived and primary human macrophags. We show that JNK is a crucial mediator of the thrombin signaling pathways in macrophages, and the activation of JNK is dependent on stimulation of the Rho small GTPase. The thrombin-induced Rho/JNK cascade is a novel signaling cascade for IL-8/CXCL8 transcription activation. Understanding the molecular mechanism by which thrombin controls the expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages can lead to therapeutic interventions, which can provide better management of healing, inflammation, and tumorigenesis.
MHC Class II levels and intracellular localization in human dendritic cells are regulated by calmodulin kinase II
Authors: Herrmann Tara L , Agrawal Reitu S , Connolly Sean F , McCaffrey Ramona L , Schlomann Jamie , Kusner David J 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) are professional APC, which activate the adaptive immune response. A Ca2+-calmodulin (CaM)-CaM kinase II (CaMKII) pathway regulates maturation and MHC Class II antigen presentation in human DC. The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanisms by which CaMKII modulates the levels and subcellular distribution of MHC Class II molecules. Inhibition of CaMKII via the highly specific, autoinhibitory peptide derived from the enzyme’s regulatory domain resulted in rapid (60 min) and sustained (24 h) reduction of MHC Class II levels in antigen-stimulated, primary, human DC. The initial depletion of intracellular and cell surface MHC Class II was associated with its enhanced lysosomal trafficking and increased activity of specific proteases in the absence of effects on other transmembrane proteins (CD1b and CD34) or a detectable change in lysosomal degradation of exogenous protein. Inhibition of CaMKII also resulted in significant reductions in the level and stability of MHC Class II mRNA and the levels and nucleocytosolic localization of its major transcriptional regulator CIITA. These data support a model in which CaMKII regulates the levels and localization of MHC Class II protein in human DC via transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational mechanisms. These pathways are likely important to the physiologic regulation of MHC Class II as well as to its dysregulation in disease states associated with altered CaMKII function.
Cross-talk between Toll-like receptors 5 and 9 on activation of human immune responses
Authors: Merlo Andrea , Calcaterra Claudia , Mènard Sylvie , Balsari Andrea 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLRs triggers the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Flagellin, the agonist of TLR5, is expressed by prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and DNA sequences containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, agonists of TLR9, are present essentially in prokaryotes. To test the potential modulating effects of simultaneous activation of different TLRs on the immune response, we compared the outcomes in different immune cell copartments induced by triggering TLR5 and TLR9 individually and in combination. PBMCs, monocytes, and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) secreted high levels of IL-10 in response to flagellin, whereas oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing the CpG sequence (CpG-ODN), synthetic ligands of TLR9, did not induce IL-10 secretion in any of the three cell types but synergized with flagellin in this induction. In contrast, PBMC production of IFN-α induced by CpG-ODN was strongly inhibited by flagellin. Conversely, CpG-ODN did not enhance the up-regulation of activation markers in MoDC induced to mature in the presence of flagellin. Flagellin-matured, but not CpG-ODN-matured, MoDC stimulated the expansion of allogeneic CD4+CD25+ T cells, and the extent of expansion induced by MoDC, matured in the presence of flagellin and CpG-ODN, was similar to that induced by flagellin-matured MoDC. Moreover, flagellin and CpG-ODN differentially affected NK-mediated cytotoxicity, and flagellin completely abrogated the NK-mediated immune response induced by CpG-ODN stimulation. Together, these results suggest that flagellin inhibits the TLR9-induced cell activation and cytokine production, which favor Th1-type immune responses, possibly because the signals evoked by flagellin to indicate the presence of extracellular pathogens must favor a Th2-polarized response. Thus, TLR5 and TLR9, alerted by the presence of microorganisms, influence each other to mount the more efficient and appropriate immune response to contain the infection of a specific pathogen.