bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Satellite Chlorophyll-a Retrieval in the Turbid Waters of the Bay of Fundy, Canada
Authors: Wilson Kristen L. , Hilborn Andrea , Clay Stephanie , Devred Emmanuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Bay of Fundy is a highly productive ecosystem within the Northwest Atlantic where extreme tides and strong currents result in a large gradient of sediment concentrations across and along the bay. We processed daily satellite data from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite from 2003 to 2021 at 300-m resolution to understand and quantify spatial and temporal trends in chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a, a measure of phytoplankton biomass), and suspended particulate matter concentration (SPM) in the Bay of Fundy surface waters. To account for high sediment loading (up to 100’s g m−3) and moderate chl-a (median in situ chl-a of 1.5 mg m−3 from 2003 to 2021), coefficients of the OC3M chl-a algorithm were regionally tuned using in situ chl-a data, and satellite-derived SPM was incorporated within the chl-a retrieval algorithm to account for possible bias. The updated new algorithm was denoted as OCX-SPMCor. Chl-a computed using OCX-SPMCor showed better performance against in situ chl-a than the generic OC3M with a coefficient of determination that increased from 0.01 to 0.28 and a root mean square logarithmic error that decreased by 35%. Unlike previous remote sensing studies, OCX-SPMCor correctly predicted the particular chl-a seasonality in the Bay of Fundy, which does not follow the typical occurrence of spring/fall blooms as observed in the adjacent Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf. For the first time, satellite-predicted chl-a aligned with the phenology of in situ chl-a, where chl-a continually increased from April to June and remained high all summer, with a small secondary summer peak before decreasing in the fall. SPM seasonality followed an opposite trend where SPM reached a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer. A small number of matchups and high temporal variability on the hourly time scale precluded a robust assessment of the satellite-derived SPM. However, comparisons between time series of remotely sensed and in situ SPM demonstrated the ability of the satellite-derived SPM to capture temporal variations, though the absolute values may be slightly underestimated. Accurate maps of phytoplankton biomass and sediment concentrations are essential variables required for effective management and conservation of marine ecosystems in the Bay of Fundy.
On the labelling of characters of Weyl groups of type $$F_4$$
Authors: Geck Meinolf , Hetz Jonas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the literature on finite groups of Lie type, there exist two different conventions about the labelling of the irreducible characters of Weyl groups of type $$F_4$$

F
4

. We point out some issues concerning these two conventions and their effect on tables about unipotent characters or the Springer correspondence. Using experiments related to these issues with the computer algebra system , we spotted an error in Spaltenstein’s tables for the generalised Springer correspondence in type $$E_7$$

E
7

.
Which is the optimal choice for neonates’ formula or breast milk?
Authors: Hu Yueqi , Wu Xing , Zhou Li , Liu Jikai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe incidence of prematurity has been increasing since the twenty-first century. Premature neonates are extremely vulnerable and require a rich supply of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA) and others. Typical breast milk serves as the primary source for infants under six months old to provide these nutrients. However, depending on the individual needs of preterm infants, a more diverse and intricate range of nutrients may be necessary. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current research progress on the physical and chemical properties, biological activity, function, and structure of breast milk, as well as explores the relationship between the main components of milk globular membrane and infant growth. Additionally, compare the nutritional composition of milk from different mammals and newborn milk powder, providing a comprehensive understanding of the differences in milk composition and detailed reference for meeting daily nutritional needs during lactation.
Graphical Abstract
Weak error analysis for a nonlinear SPDE approximation of the Dean–Kawasaki equation
Authors: Djurdjevac Ana , Kremp Helena , Perkowski Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider a nonlinear SPDE approximation of the Dean–Kawasaki equation for independent particles. Our approximation satisfies the physical constraints of the particle system, i.e. its solution is a probability measure for all times (preservation of positivity and mass conservation). Using a duality argument, we prove that the weak error between particle system and nonlinear SPDE is of the order $$N^{-1-1/(d/2+1)}\log N$$

N

-
1
-
1
/
(
d
/
2
+
1
)

log
N

. Along the way we show well-posedness, a comparison principle, and an entropy estimate for a class of nonlinear regularized Dean–Kawasaki equations with Itô noise.
Sequence effects on the life estimation of welded tubular structures made of S355J2H under uniaxial fatigue loading
Authors: Neuhäusler Josef , Roth Jakob , Oswald Markus , Dürr André , Rother Klemens 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of hollow sections to form lightweight structures is widespread in common steel processing industries such as crane, commercial vehicle, steel bridge and agricultural machinery construction. The hollow sections are mainly designed as truss or frame structures, in some cases using high-strength and higher-strength steels in order to achieve optimum utilization of the component and material. A new collection of fatigue life data covering sequence effects and the accuracy of the linear damage accumulation is presented. Effects of the shape of the applied load spectra and sequence effects of different amplitudes have been investigated. This document covers tubes of 4 to 8 mm thickness made by low-carbon or mild steel S355J2H. In general, it was found that the spectrum shape and the loading sequence have an influence on the service life. Depending on the shape of the spectrum, random tests tended to lead to shorter service lives than tests with block-loading sequences. An influence of overloads was also found for the tests with interspersed overloads. Typical maximum linear damage sums taken from recommendations and codes of 0.2 or sometimes 0.5 are exceeded for all spectra investigated and in some of the cases even significantly above 1.0. Transferability of the recommendations to component-type structures like tubular joints needs revision to lift its lightweight potential. Using stress concentration factors (SCF) from finite element analysis, typical strength values for the structural and effective notch stress concepts are checked. All joints investigated show a significantly higher strength compared to the IIW recommendations using the structural stress approach or compared to the DVS 0905 with the effective notch stress approach.
Accounting for the specificities of sport in EU law: Old and new directions in the 21 December 2023 judgments
Authors: Villanueva Aurélie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article reflects on sport interests as accounted for by the European Court of Justice in the three judgments delivered on the 21st of December 2023: Case C-333/21 European Superleague Company SL v FIFA, UEFA, Case C-680/21 UL, SA Royal Antwerp Football Club v URBSFA, UEFA and Case C-124/21 P International Skating Union v Commission. In the cases, the Court does not treat sport as a special interest that would justify excluding the application of European Union (EU) substantive law to the situations at hand. Rather, the Court adopts a strict reading of Article 165 TFEU as a provision that does not shield the sport sector from the application of EU law. However, the paper demonstrates that the Court does recognise the particularities of sport and accounts for them in the application of EU free movement and competition law. This is especially when characterising rules as object or effect restrictions, but also when exploring the defence under Article 102 TFEU, the justifications under Article 101(3) TFEU as well as under free movement law. The Court guides and encourages the referring courts to pay attention to the specific content of the rules and the context in which they are implemented. The Court thereby follows the traditional assessment of a measure and its context under EU substantive law while devoting great attention to the specific characteristics of the sport sector in its substantive analysis.
Gambling Operators’ Use of Advertising Strategies on Social Media and Their Effects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singer Johannes , Wöhr Andrea , Otterbach Steffen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Social media offer gambling operators an attractive channel for connecting with gamblers and promoting their products. The aim of the present study is to review the recent literature to summarise the latest findings on marketing strategies of gambling operators, and their effects, with particular focus on social media.

Recent Findings
A systematic review on gambling advertising in social media has been conducted, taking into account English-language journal articles from 2021 onwards, which include primary data collection. Searching three data bases, a total number of 12 studies from peer-reviewed journals were identified. Gambling advertising has an enormous reach, including esports sponsorship and a surge in popularity on streaming platforms, which raises concerns about the protection of gamblers in general and of vulnerable groups in particular. The studies identify individual advertising strategies and investigate the influence of incentives and tips on gambling behaviour. Gaps in the current literature include evidence from certain regions or countries, research into communication strategies on individual social media platforms, and questions about the effectiveness of regulatory measures regarding gambling advertising.

Summary
Gambling operators flexibly adapt their advertising strategies to the surrounding conditions. This appears to be problematic, as the intensity and complexity of gambling advertising increases at the same time as the boundaries between advertising and seemingly neutral content blur. Vulnerable groups, especially children and adolescents, are at special risk, because advertising on social media is particularly attractive for them, while protection mechanisms such as age limits are often missing or being ignored.
Temporal trends in the clinical presentation of Graves’ orbitopathy: a single–center retrospective study
Authors: Le Moli R. , Naselli A. , Giudice F. Lo , Costanzo G. , Frasca F. , Belfiore A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that affects orbital soft tissues and represents the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). The European Group of Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (EUGOGO) has attempted to shed light on the European epidemiological picture of GO, suggesting that GO in newly diagnosed patients in recent years has a trend towards a less severe clinical presentation. There are no studies that focus this issue on the population of our area; we aimed to evaluate the trend of GO clinical presentation in our outpatient clinic through an observation period of 10 years.

Methods
We compared 55 consecutive patients, 11 males (F) and 44 females (M), who came to our observation from January 2005 to December 2006 [Group 1 (G1)], with 56 patients, 15 males, and 41 females, who were referred to us from 2015 to 2016 [Group 2 (G2)]. We studied the following putative predictors of GO presentation and severity: thyroid function, smoking, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, time from GO diagnosis to referral to our thyroid centre (TGOD), sex and age.

Results
GO severity was significantly reduced in G2 vs. G1 (p = 0.04). TGOD ≥ 3 months was related to clinical characteristics of GO (severity and Clinical Activity Score ≥ 4) and was an independent predictor of GO severity (p = 0.01). The other variables evaluated had no independent effects.

Conclusions
We found that GO severity at presentation was significantly reduced over a ten-year observation period (2005–2006 vs. 2015–2016) in GO patients referred to our tertiary thyroid centre. TGOD ≥ 3 months was an independent predictor of GO severity.
Comprehensive kinetic study on ammonia/ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames: influences of diluents
Authors: Shu Zhimei , Xu Tingting , Xiao Jiayi , Deng Qige , Zhao Xuan , Li Tianjiao , Ying Yaoyao , Liu Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effects of ammonia addition on ethylene counter-flow diffusion flames with different diluents on the fuel or oxidizer side, using kinetic analyses. A special emphasis was put on assessing the coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 on C2H4 combustion chemistry. The chemical effects could be evaluated by comparing fictitious inert NH3 or CO2 with normal active NH3 or CO2. The results revealed that the addition of NH3 decreased the mole fractions and production rates of key soot precursors, such as acetylene, propynyl, and benzene. When CO2 was used as the dilution gas, the coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 were affected by the chemical effects of CO2 to varying degrees. With the oxidizer-side CO2 addition, the coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 reduced the mole fractions of H, O, OH radicals, acetylene, propynyl, and benzene, while the effects differed from the fuel-side CO2 addition. The coupled chemical effects of NH3 and CO2 also promoted the formation of aldehyde contaminants, such as acetaldehyde, to some extent, particularly with CO2 addition on the oxidizer side.
Systematic Radio Telescope Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projection Profilometry
Authors: Berkson Joel , Hyatt Justin , Julicher Nathan , Jeong Byeongjoon , Pimienta Isaac , Ball Rachel , Ellis Wyatt , Voris Jason , Torres-Barajas Diego , Kim Daewook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) released the first-ever image of a black hole event horizon. Astronomers are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets, like black holes, to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our universe. To achieve this higher resolution and increased sensitivity, larger radio telescopes are needed to operate at higher frequencies and in larger quantities. Projects like the next-generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) and the Square-Kilometer Array (SKA) require building hundreds of telescopes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next decade. This has a twofold effect. Radio telescope surfaces need to be more accurate to operate at higher frequencies, and the logistics involved in maintaining a radio telescope need to be simplified to support them properly in large quantities. Both of these problems can be solved with improved methods for surface metrology that are faster and more accurate with a higher resolution. This leads to faster and more accurate panel alignment and, therefore, a more productive observatory. In this paper, we present the use of binocular fringe projection profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telescope dish. The measurement takes only 10 min and directly delivers feedback on the tip, tilt, and piston of each panel to create the ideal reflector shape.
Integrated Bus Timetabling and Scheduling with a Mutation-Based Evolutionary Scheme Maximizing Headway Quality and Connections
Authors: Mertens Lucas , Amberg Bastian , Kliewer Natalia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPublic transport planning is a multi-level process that includes various complex tasks. These tasks are traditionally executed sequentially, and the result of each task serves as input for consecutive tasks. A simultaneous integrated consideration of multiple tasks may lead to an overall improved solution, but further increase the complexity of already hard-to-solve planning problems. This work focuses on timetabling and vehicle scheduling and evaluates synergies from the integrated optimization. We investigate an exact sequential, exact integrated, and heuristic approach to solve the combined problem for large public transport networks considering the interlining of vehicles, multiple vehicle types, or multiple depots while additionally aiming to maximize regular “clock-faced’’ headways and transfer connections. Compared to sequential optimization, an integrated approach significantly reduces nominal and operational costs while maintaining high service quality. However, an exact integrated approach is only able to compute solutions for problems of limited size in a reasonable time. We propose an adaptive modular evolutionary extendable scheme that effectively balances computational efficiency and solution quality. By utilizing various problem-specific mutation operators and adaptively applying them based on their impact, the heuristic can compute high-quality solutions for large real-world-inspired public transport networks in a reasonable time while considering short connecting times between lines and regular clock-faced headways.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide determination in saliva samples from children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Sobiak Joanna , Resztak Matylda , Sikora Weronika , Zachwieja Jacek , Ostalska-Nowicka Danuta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Saliva sampling is one of the methods of therapeutic drug monitoring for mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite, mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG). The study describes the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method developed for saliva MPA and MPAG determination in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods
The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water at gradient flow, both with 0.1% formic acid. Firstly, 100 µL of saliva was evaporated at 45 °C for 2 h to dryness, secondly, it was reconstituted in the mobile phase, and finally 10 µL was injected into the LC–MS/MS system. Saliva from ten children with nephrotic syndrome treated with mycophenolate mofetil was collected with Salivette®.

Results
For MPA and MPAG, within the 2–500 ng/mL range, the method was selective, specific, accurate and precise within-run and between-run. No carry-over and matrix effects were observed. Stability tests showed that MPA and MPAG were stable in saliva samples if stored for 2 h at room temperature, 18 h at 4 °C, and at least 5 months at − 80 °C as well as after three freeze–thaw cycles, in a dry extract for 16 h at 4 °C, and for 8 h at 15 °C in the autosampler. The analytes were not adsorbed onto Salivette® cotton swabs. For concentrations above 500 ng/mL, the samples may be diluted twofold. In children, saliva MPA and MPAG were within the ranges of 4.6–531.8 ng/mL and 10.7–183.7 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusions
The evaluated LC–MS/MS method has met the validation requirements for saliva MPA and MPAG determination in children with nephrotic syndrome. Further studies are needed to explore plasma–saliva correlations and assess their potential contribution to MPA monitoring.

Graphical abstract
Leveraging an Open-Access Digital Design Notebook for Graduate Biomedical Engineering Education in Nigeria
Authors: Casserly Padraic , Dare Ademola , Onuh Joy , Baah Williams , Taylor Ashley 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmidst the dual challenges of an eight-month university closure from nationwide public university strikes in Nigeria and the lingering impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, we needed to innovate the delivery of BME graduate curriculum to ensure graduate students continued to progress in their studies. To ensure BME graduate students were engaging in team-based, clinician-identified engineering design challenges, we developed a digital design notebook (DDN) using Google Sites as an open-access, collaborative tool for scaffolding and documenting the engineering design process. Student design teams remotely uploaded digital content documenting their project work onto scaffolded DDNs created by program instructors. DDNs were purposefully designed to shepherd students through the design process such that each phase of the design process corresponded to an editable “page” of the DDN. Video lectures, learning resources, assignments, and other program information were embedded into the DDN for students to access throughout their design challenge. Project mentors and program instructors remotely monitored and assessed students’ work using the DDN. At the end of the design challenge, students effectively created an e-portfolio which showcased the work they conducted to build a biomedical prototype. Designing and implementing the DDN builds on previous research which demonstrates that “structured” design notebooks can be used as effective tools in engineering design and design thinking education. Our work also leverages educational frameworks for infusing engineering design into existing graduate biomedical engineering curriculum in Nigeria.
Concrete narrative and media ranking effect on consumer satisfaction of DiDi services in China
Authors: Malik Tariq H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNarratives drive consumer satisfaction on the one hand and the reputation of the reporting media on the other hand, but current research addresses either alone. This article integrates the narrative of the consumer and the ranking of the reporting media to understand the consumer satisfaction in response to the direct effects and interaction effects. Construal Level Theory (CLT) explains the net and interaction effects whether and how concrete vs. abstract narrative of the user in a high technology service provider reflect on the consumer’s assessment of the service, and if so, how does the media ranking moderate this concrete-abstract narrative on the consumer satisfaction so that we can explain why it matters? We used multilevel mixed effects methods for direct and indirect results based on a large dataset on DiDi company in China, comprising 12,747 entries made by consumers on digital media platforms. Our analysis shows that, independently, concrete narrative and media ranking positively predict consumer satisfaction. However, interactively, concrete narrative becomes negative and the interaction coefficient is positive and stronger than either alone coefficient alone through direct effects. Moreover, the net effect of either the concrete narrative or media ranking becomes insignificant, suggesting a strong moderation effect of the media ranking between narratives and satisfaction. We also discovered a surprising factor in the data analysis, regarding the driver of the hailing service versus the company. The narrative referring to the company (DiDi) creates a positive assessment; the narrative referring to the driver creates a negative assessment. This study suggests the need for education, social skills and behavioural training for the drivers of DiDi can indirectly influence the company.