bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GP Business Meeting Summary
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

This brief report summarizes the main business items considered in the GP Section business session at the AGU 1988 Fall Meeting in San Francisco and will henceforth be a regular contribution to GP Compass.Mike McElhinny (BMR, Australia), the 1988 recipient of AGU's Flemming Medal, made a brief report of the progress he and Rob Van der Voo (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) were making on the paleomagnetic data base problem. They will be using the data base management system ORACLE to provide an efficient and easily accessible method for storing and retrieving paleomagnetic data. They do not intend to produce an all‐encompassing data base. For example, secular variation data from marine sediments will not be included. Van der Voo will present another data base progress report at the AGU 1989 Spring Meeting in Baltimore and a far more lengthy discussion of status of the paleomagnetic data base management problem will be given in GP Compass later this year.
EUROTRAC tracks air pollution
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

More than 400 scientists from nineteen countries have begun fourteen projects in the European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents in the Troposphere over Europe, called EUROTRAC. The experiment's implementation phase will last eight years. An international scientific committee began developing the EUROTRAC plan and selecting the projects in 1985.Laboratory studies are directed toward understanding the heterogeneous and liquid‐phase reactions in clouds and the processes that lead to ozone formation in the troposphere. Advanced environmental instrumentation projects involve tunable diode lasers, laser sounding, and optical absorption.
CRAF Mission
Authors: Neugebauer Marcia , Weissman Paul R. 
Published: October 2006

The CRAF/Cassini program, identified by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Office of Space Science and Applications as its highest‐priority new start for a major space mission, consists of two separate but related missions–a comet rendezvous/asteroid flyby (CRAF) and a Saturn orbiter/Titan probe (Cassini). The two missions have been combined into a joint program because of the substantial cost savings (∼$500M, or >30%), which can be realized by using a common spacecraft design, a single management team, and a joint mission operations system for the two missions. CRAF and Cassini will be the first users of the new Mariner Mark II spacecraft, which has been designed to carry out the next generation of planetary missions to the outer planets and small bodies.CRAF will be a joint mission between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany, which will provide the propulsion module and one of the experiments. Cassini will be a joint mission between the U.S. and the European Space Agency, with ESA providing the atmospheric entry probe for Titan; the science payload of both the probe and the orbiter will be shared between the U.S. and European nations.
Labor pains at subduction's birth
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The largest earthquake in 12 years has drawn attention to a remote part of the world where the established rules of plate tectonics break down along a jumble of ridges and troughs running from New Zealand almost to Antarctica.The submarine earthquake occurred May 23 near uninhabited Macquarie Island, about 2000 km southwest of Auckland, New Zealand, in the South Pacific Ocean. It was felt several hundred kilometers away on Campbell Island but caused little damage, despite a surface wave magnitude of 8.3, larger than that of the earthquakes that hit Mexico City in 1985. No identifiable tsunami resulted.
In Congress: Groundwater legislation
Authors: Bush Susan M. 
Published: October 2006

Since the mid‐1970s, groundwater quality has been one of the major concerns of water resource problems in the U.S. Over 50% of this country's drinking water is provided by groundwater; the amount is nearly 100% in rural America. Groundwater also provides about 40% of our irrigation needs.James L. Oberstar (D‐MN) said recently that “groundwater has been contaminated by landfills, waste disposal sites, and many other sources, [and] more and more, by pesticides.” People are asking if there are health hazards.
WRR editors
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

New editors of AGU's Water Resources Research journal will be Soroosh Sorooshian and Roger E. Smith.Soroosh Sorooshian was born in Kerman, Iran. He received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, in 1971. He received his M.S. degree in operations research in 1973 and his Ph.D. degree in water resources systems engineering in 1978, both from the University of California, Los Angeles.
SPR executive committee meeting report
Authors: Russell C. T. 
Published: October 2006

The executive committee of the Solar‐Planetary Relationships Section met the afternoon of May 7, just before the AGU 1989 Spring Meeting began. The purpose of the meeting was for members of the different SPR and Union committees, editors and officers to exchange information on issues of concern to the section and to plan for the future.It was announced that R. J. Walker had just been appointed chairman of the AGU Information Technology Committee. Members who have suggestions about how AGU should proceed in this area may contact him directly.
Budget noose tightens in House
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The House Appropriations Committee has handed the subcommittee that holds the purse strings for NASA and NSF a 1990 budget allocation $701 million less than what President Bush asked for and $1.2 billion short of what the subcommittee's chairman has said is needed for veterans' and housing programs as well as for science.The subcommittee on Veterans Affairs, Housing, and Independent Agencies received approval for $53.125 billion in outlays for domestic discretionary programs and $48.05 billion in budget authority for Fiscal Year 1990. Those are the non‐defense parts of the federal budget that Congress can shape to fit its priorities.
The Great Dying: Cosmic Catastrophe, Dinosaurs, and the Theory of Evolution
Authors: Rich H. V. 
Published: October 2006

As the subtitle of this well written, informative book suggests, current ideas on the causes of mass extinction as resulting from bolloide impact intertwine with the subsequent impact of these ideas on evolutionary theory.The book begins with the author's strongly stated objections to the natural selection theory. He rejects it on the ground that it is non‐falsifiable and therefore non‐scientific. He points out that the question of whether or not natural selection is a proper scientific theory is more than a matter of academic interest because many horrors of the past century perpetrated on one group of the human race by another have sought partial justification through appeal to the theory.
GEOHAZARDS '88GEOHAZARDS '88
Authors: Hodges Carroll Ann 
Published: October 2006

Durant's prophetic observation provided the perfect mantra for GEOHAZARDS '88, a symposium highlighting research on the causes, effects, and prediction of geologic and hydrologic hazards, held November 17–18, 1988, at the U.S. Geological Survey's Western Region Headquarters in Menlo Park, Calif. All three research divisions of the Survey—Geologic, Water Resources, and National Mapping—contributed to the program.USGS has long been engaged in research on hazardous environments resulting from geologic and hydrologic factors, and that research has been especially vigorous at its Western Region offices. It was appropriate therefore that this forum convene at the locus of tectonic ferment on the edge of the North American plate, adjacent to the San Andreas fault. An open house for the general public highlighting all aspects of USGS programs followed the symposium November 19. The purpose of GEOHAZARDS '88 was to provide an opportunity for USGS scientists and other investigators to talk with local, state, and federal officials who must react to the findings of Earth science research with judicious policy decisions. Making such decisions is neither easy nor enviable. Yet the citizenry demands and is entitled to enlightened policy regarding the hazardous geologic and hydrologic conditions with which we necessarily live, particularly on the west coast. California serves as de facto proving ground for building codes and land‐use decisions because of the high frequency with which they are tested by natural events somewhere in the state.
DOE Thermal Regimes Drilling Program through 1988
Authors: Wollenberg Harold , Eichelberger John , Elders Wilfred , Goff Eraser , Younker Leland 
Published: October 2006

To investigate the thermal, chemical, and mechanical behavior of magma during its ascent toward the surface, four holes were continuously cored into an igneous system young enough to be essentially unchanged since its emplacement. The system investigated was the 600‐year‐old Inyo chain of rhyolitic domes and flows in Long Valley, California (Figure 2). Three holes were drilled in or adjacent to Obsidian Dome at the north end of the chain, just outside the Long Valley caldera. One was drilled beneath the phreatic south Inyo Crater, at the south end of the chain in the west moat of the caldera.The first hole was drilled in 1983 and penetrated the side of the lava dome, and continued into the underlying Tertiary basalt. The second hole, drilled in 1984, intersected and passed through the dome's vent and into Sierran granitic rock. The third hole, also drilled in 1984, sampled the rhyolitic feeder dike 1 km south of the dome's vent, where the magma did not reach the surface. The dike is part of the shallow dike system that underlies the Inyo chain.
Benefits of NSF work
Authors: Packard Ted 
Published: October 2006

This fall I will leave my rotatorship as Associate Director for Chemical Oceanography at the National Science Foundation. I have very much enjoyed my duty and want to outline for those who may become “rotators” some of the job's benefits, since NSF is now seeking applicants to replace me. Batiza, Rea and Rumble [Eos, 69, 801, 1988] have discussed the rotator's experience; my comments supplement their points.The most important benefit in working at NSF is the breadth of vision you acquire. This is important for researchers, because it pulls you away from your narrowly focused subfield and forces you to review again, as you did as a graduate student, your entire field. For teachers, this benefit is equally important, because you will keep up with current research even while away from teaching your up‐to‐date balanced courses. During my stay here I have reviewed proposals to study trace metals scavenging, gas exchange, sediment traps, biochemical cycling, stable and unstable isotopes, lipid biomarkers, sediment diagenesis, anoxic redox processes, and many other exciting topics. Some research areas, such as the vent and seep studies, had not been conceived when I was a graduate student in the sixties, so my experience here has been, in fact, a real sabbatical.
Remote sensing of hydrological fluxes
Authors: Gurney R. J. 
Published: October 2006

Remote sensing is developing as a measurement technique to the point where data are starting to be used operationally in a quantitative way other than just in weather forecasting. In addition, many other uses of the data are being developed because of the sparseness of conventional data in many parts of the world. A recent session of AGU's Hydrology Section at the Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., featured discussions of some of the recent advances in the use of remotely sensed data to estimate hydrological fluxes.Several papers dealt with remote sensing aspects of the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE), following another session of the Hydrology Section, which discussed nonremote sensing results from FIFE. S. N. Goward (University of Maryland, College Park) presented a review of empirical results from time series of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer at the FIFE site and their relationship to some conventional observations. He showed strong relationships between spectral vegetation indices and surface temperature with scatter being at least partly caused by surface moisture variations. Unraveling the relationships from a physical point of view will involve a greater understanding of atmospheric effects and surface properties from other concurrent measurements during FIFE. Similar relationships between spectral vegetation indices and surface temperature were observed and reported by C. L. Walthall (University of Maryland, College Park), who used a radiometer mounted on a helicopter to collect data at the FIFE site. This indicates that the relationships are not entirely due to atmospheric effects. M. F. Jasinski and P. S. Eagleson (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge) described a theoretical reflectance model for spectral vegetation indices in terms of ground cover that will be extremely useful in interpreting these experimental results. R. N. Halthore (Applied Research Corp., Landover, Md.) described some of the measurements of aerosols during FIFE, in a paper coauthored by R. S. Fraser (Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.), R. Ferrare (University of Maryland, Greenbelt) and T. O. Aro (University of Ilorin, Nigeria). Their results disagree with some others collected during FIFE by other investigators: all measurements have to be reconciled. J. R. Wang (Goddard) in a paper coauthored by J. C. Shiue (Goddard), T. J. Schmugge (USDA, Baltimore, Md.), and E. T. Engman (USDA, Beltsville, Md.) described some of the measurements of soil moisture made using an airborne L‐band passive microwave radiometer on the FIFE site. These estimates were shown to be replicable over several years, although there was some sensitivity to whether the vegetation in the area had been burned the previous year. All the FIFE investigators are now only starting to look at several sets of data of different types, and use them together, and to begin to look at the problem of relating observations taken at different spatial scales.
Record budgets for groundwater
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A record $225 million is expected to be allocated for management of the nation's groundwater resources for the 1990 budget year by federal funds. The recent report by the White House Office of Science and Technology, Federal Ground‐Water Science and Technology Programs: The Role of Science and Technology in the Management of the Nation's Ground‐Water Resources, noted, “As the demands on the water resources of the nation increase, there will be an increasing need to apply the science of groundwater hydrology to find ways to provide reliable water supplies.”The report identifies emerging scientific issues and needs and the major challenges faced in providing science and technology to support informed management of the nation's groundwater resources. In particular, the report notes that the most viable approach to groundwater quality management is prevention rather than restoration and that that scientific uncertainties, lack of adequate technologies, lack of basic data, and shortage of skilled scientific personnel are hindrances to federal, state, and local governments and the private sector developing and implementing groundwater management, protection, and remediation policies and programs.
André Saint‐Marc 1944–1988
Authors: Reme H. , Anderson K. A. 
Published: October 2006

Andr Śaint‐Marc, professor at the Institute of Technology of the Universite Paul Sabatier (IUT), in Toulouse, France, died suddenly and unexpectedly February 17, 1988, a few months before his 44th birthday.Saint‐Marc carried out a research career in cosmic rays and space plasma physics beginning in 1969 at the Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements (CESR), a laboratory of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Université Paul Sabatier. He was born in Condegaygues, France (Lotet‐Garonne). His four university degrees were awarded by the Universite Paul Sabatier. His Thèse de Docteur de Specialité was earned in 1973 for work on propagation of auroral X rays in Earth's atmosphere. The highest degree, the Doctorat d'Etat, came in 1979 for his studies of beam‐plasma interactions in the ionosphere.
Snowbird II: Global catastrophes: Comment: Meteorite impact, mass extinction and Deccan volcanism
Authors: Hooper Peter R. 
Published: October 2006

There have been numerous articles in Eos and elsewhere recently that discuss the cause of the mass extinctions at the Cretaceous‐Tertiary (K‐T) boundary. Clark Chapman's interesting article on the Snowbird II meeting (“Snowbird II: Global Catastrophes,” Eos, April 4, p. 217) is one of the latest. I suppose that few geoscientists would quarrel with his principal conclusion that an association has now been established between the extinctions and the impact of large meteorites, although many paleontologists remain troubled by the inability of a single extraterrestrial impact to account for the complexities of the longdrawn‐out extinctions of the various species.My main concern, as an igneous penologist, is the omission by Chapman of any significant reference to the Deccan basalt eruptions, the most frequently suggested alternative cause of the climatic changes that produced the extinctions [Officer and Drake, 1985]. This is now known to have been an extraordinary volcanic event, both in its rate of eruption and in its total volume. Furthermore, the eruptions occurred, as closely as radiometric techniques can define, exactly at the K‐T boundary. Barring an unlikely coincidence, these eruptions, unique in the last 100 m.y., must surely be related to the equally exceptional worldwide extinctions. This suggestion may be seen as an unwelcome complication to an otherwise satisfactory explanation for the extinctions. Yet, if we accept Chapman's conclusion that the extinctions are probably the result of meteorite impact, then we should also accept, at least as a working hypothesis, that meteorite impact, continental flood basalt eruptions, and the extinctions are interconnected [Alt et al., 1988; Basu et al., 1988].
AGU position on the Space Station
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A healthy and effective space program is of critical importance to many field of geophysics. The proposed Space Station, including polar orbiting platforms and a manned station, would have a substantial impact on this nation's space program. For this reason, the American Geophysical Union has established a position on the Space Station.By vote of the AGU Council during the week of July 21, AGU has formally adopted a position on the Space Station, given below. AGU members who wish to be active in determining the Space Station's future may use this consensus position statement. The panel that drafted the statement was Brad Hagar, chairman, Eugene Bierly, Rafael Bras, Charles Drake, Thomas McCord, James Van Allen, and Gary Ernst.
SST emissions: Back to future
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

Abandoned in the 1970s because of the energy crisis and unresolved environmental concerns, supersonic commercial airplanes that would fly through the stratosphere are being seriously considered again by the aeronautics industry and the federal government. This time around, the future of the program will be depend how the airplane emissions affect the ozone layer and on noise on the ground.Abandoned in the 1970s because of the energy crisis and unresolved environmental concerns, supersonic commercial airplanes that would fly through the stratosphere are being seriously considered again by the aeronautics industry and the federal government. This time around, the future of the program will be depend how the airplane emissions affect the ozone layer and on noise on the ground.
Horton Award to Wilfried Brutsaert
Authors: Nielsen Donald R. 
Published: October 2006

For the past 15 years, Wilfried H. Brutsaert has been Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Cornell University, Itahca, N.Y., teaching and conducting research in hydrology and fluid mechanics. He began life in Ghent, Belgium, and received the Engineer's Diploma from the State University of Ghent in 1958, having spent the previous summer investigating evapotranspiration and applied hydrology in Zaire.My acquaintance with Wilfried began in September 1958, when he arrived at the University of California, Davis, to study for and later receive the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. It is with great satisfaction, personally and professionally, that I have had the opportunity to be a colleague of Brutsaert during the past 3 decades.
IAHS Third Scientific Assembly
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) convened its Third Scientific Assembly in Baltimore, Md., May 10–19, 1989. The Assembly was attended by about 450 scientists and engineers. The attendance was highest from the U.S., as could be expected; 37 were from Canada; 22 each, Netherlands and United Kingdom; 14, Italy; 12, China; 10, Federal Republic of Germany; 8 each from France, the Republic of South Africa, and Switzerland; 7, Austria; 6 each, Finland and Japan; others were scattered among the remainder of 48 countries total.one of the cosponsors and also handled business matters for the Assembly. Other cosponsors included the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics (IAMAP), United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and U.K. Overseas Development Authority (ODA). U.S. federal agencies serving as cosponsors included the Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, National Weather Service, Department of Agriculture, Department of State, and U.S. Geological Survey.
Navy defines areas under sonar ban
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The Oceanographer of the U.S. Navy has announced that high‐resolution bathymetric data for areas around Trident nuclear submarine bases in Georgia and Washington state will still be restricted. The rest of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone will continue to be open to detailed sonar surveys, the result of a reversal in March of the Navy's policy of classifying data from the 320‐km‐wide zone (see Eos, 69, 571, 1988).The restriction on access to bathymetry of the special areas does not come as a surprise. The present Navy Oceanographer, Rear Admiral William Pittenger, said in a March 23 letter to then‐NOAA Administrator William Evans that broad areas around the egress routes would remain under the restriction.
Possible cuts in NSF funds
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Veterans' Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies, chaired by Barbara Mikulski (D‐MD), will mark up the Fiscal Year 1990 budget bill early in the week of September 11. Congressional staff members have told the Coalition for National Science Funding that cuts in the National Science Foundation budget, from House‐approved levels, are possible.The bill passed by the House allocates $1715 million for NSF research programs, an increase of $132 million or 8.3% above 1989 levels. After accounting for inflation the increase is about 4%. The House cut $88 million from the NSF budget request, which proposed a 14% increase as the next step in the already‐delayed doubling of NSF programs.