bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Milk Macronutrient Content and Its Effects on Infant Anthropometric Measurements in the First 6 Months
Authors: Çınar Nursan , Kaya Özge , Tecik Seda , Bülbül Hilal , Kabul Faruk , Menekşe Dilek , Bektaş Murat 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the macronutrient content of breast milk on the anthropometric measurements of infants in the first 6 months.

Background:
Breast milk contains essential macro- and micronutrients needed in the early stages of an infant’s development. Current literature highlights the importance of understanding how breast milk’s macronutrient content influences infant growth.

Methods:
The study protocol has been published in PROSPERO (CRD42023425550). This study adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guideline. Studies published between January 1, 2016, and June 2, 2023, were reviewed across 6 databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute Cohort Studies checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Effect sizes were calculated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models.

Results:
Six studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis indicated a significant relationship between lactose content in breast milk and infant weight gain, length growth, and head circumference, as well as between fat-lipid content and infant weight gain within the first 6 months (P < .05). No significant relationship was found between protein or carbohydrate content of milk and anthropometric measurements of infants in the first 6 months (P > .05).

Conclusion and Implications:
The findings suggest that macronutrient concentrations in breast milk are important determinants of infant growth. Further research with high level of evidence and standard methodological protocols is recommended to elucidate the relationships between breast milk content and infant growth.
Roving histological imaging for navigation-confirmed glioma negative margin by handheld endomicroscopy: a parallel controlled study
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xiao Xing , Zhuang Qiyuan , Ming Chen B.S , Lyu Jing , Chen Liang , Zhao Fan , Wang Xingfu , Zou Xiang 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Roving histopathological imaging in the navigation-confirmed tumor negative margin has not been achieved during neurosurgery procedures. This study aims to explore the diagnostic values of a novel intraoperative handheld endomicroscopy DiveScope (DS) for ex vivo glioma diagnosis and in vivo roving scan in navigation-confirmed glioma negative margin and to evaluate its safety.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective pilot study was conducted at [university/hospital name] from October 2021 to October 2023, and enrolled patients scheduled for glioma resection surgery. The diagnostic values of DS scanning were compared with the frozen section (FS). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used as the gold standard for evaluation. The medical device adverse events (MDAE) were recorded for safety analysis.

Results:
The previous 24 patients with 73 intraoperative isolated samples were included in the DS ex vivo assessments for glioma diagnosis, and the subsequent 40 patients with 52 samples were included in the DS in vivo assessments for navigation-confirmed tumor negative margin. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DS scanning were 100.0%, 81.6%, and 90.4% for ex vivo assessment by a pathologist, 100.0%, 76.3%, and 87.7% for ex vivo assessment by a neurosurgeon, and 100.0%, 85.0%, and 94.2% for in vivo assessment, respectively. DS in vivo roving scan showed a significantly improved area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) compared to FS in assessing the navigation-confirmed tumor negative margin (AUC: 0.925 vs. 0.725, P = 0.003). There were no MDAEs. Time consuming for DS scanning for each sample was 75.77 ± 45.03 s and for each patient was 121.63 ± 94.04 s.

Conclusion:
DiveScope could provide safe, time-effective, and accurate roving histological imaging for navigation-confirmed glioma negative margin during surgery, which may guide the glioma resection process to achieve maximal safe resection and promote prognosis.
Community acquired pneumonia due to antibiotic resistant-Streptococcus pneumoniae: diagnosis, management and prevention
Authors: Lui Grace C.Y. , Lai Christopher K.C. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
A resurgence of pneumococcal pneumonia has been observed after a marked reduction in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae is regarded as a WHO priority pathogen.

Recent findings
Overall antibiotic resistance rates in S. pneumoniae have increased due to increase in antibiotic consumption and changes in serotype distribution, partly driven by the rollout of pneumococcal vaccination. Isolates from pneumococcal pneumonia have higher resistance rates than those from invasive pneumococcal disease. New antibiotics have been approved for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and are active against multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae. Pneumococcal vaccines in both children and adults are effective in reducing the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, though some circulating vaccine and nonvaccine serotypes are driving antibiotic resistance.

Summary
Continual surveillance of serotype and resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae causing pneumonia in adult populations is important after the introduction of new pneumococcal vaccines. Novel pneumococcal vaccine platforms are needed to overcome the threats of serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance.
The dual journey: pregnancy, parenthood, and gastroenterology training
Authors: Pisani Anthea , Oliveira Raquel , Sciberras Martina , Roseira Joana , Ciacci Carolina 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Gastroenterology training usually coincides with childbearing years and pregnancy and parenthood during training can impact trainees’ work–life–family balance.

Aim
The aim was to assess the challenges that gastroenterology trainees in Europe encounter during pregnancy and parenthood.

Methodology
A questionnaire was distributed electronically, targeting doctors who were pregnant or had a pregnant partner during their gastroenterology training in the last 10 years.

Results
The study included 82 women and 22 nonpregnant partners. Fear of being perceived negatively was prevalent (n = 59, 72.0%) as well as concern that the pregnancy would negatively impact on training (n = 54, 65.9%). Participants reported several hazards that were not addressed during pregnancy, namely exposure to non-scavenged anesthetic gases (34.1%) and exposure to blood-borne illnesses (28.0%). Formal training programs’ maternity leave policies were reported by only 34.1% (n = 28) of women and 45.5% (n = 10) of men. Satisfaction with the duration of parental leave was 85.1% (n = 63) for women and 50% (n = 11) for men. Women reported greater difficulty coping with early parenthood during gastroenterology training than men (women: n = 14, 18.4% vs. men: n = 10, 45.5%; P = 0.014) while worrying that having children would impair their career progress (women: n = 40, 52.6% vs. men: n = 8, 36.4%; P = 0.015).

Conclusion
This European study has demonstrated perceptions of negative stigma related to childbearing, concerns of unaddressed health hazards, dissatisfaction with parental leave policies and a desire for more discussion on a healthy work–family–life balance.
Two-Part Mixed-Effects Location Scale Models for Health Diary Data
Authors: Blozis Shelley A. , Botan Hayat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The analysis of health diary data has long relied on inferential statistical methods focusing on sample means and ad hoc methods to calculate each individual’s variation in health outcomes.

Objectives
In this paper, an advanced statistical model is applied to daily diary self-reported health outcomes to simultaneously study an individual’s likeliness to report an outcome, daily mean intensity level, and variability in daily measures.

Methods
Using observational, secondary data from 782 adults, we analyzed self-report daily fatigue symptoms, distinguishing between whether an individual reported fatigue and its severity when reported. Self-reported depressed affect and participant characteristics were used as predictors of daily fatigue symptoms.

Results
A higher likeliness to report fatigue correlated with higher mean fatigue severity and greater stability in severity ratings. Higher mean severity correlated with greater stability in severity ratings. Females and those with high depressed affect were more likely to report fatigue. Females and those with high depressed affect reported greater mean severity.

Discussion
The model applied to daily measures allowed for the simultaneous study of an individual’s likeliness to report a symptom, daily mean symptom severity, and variability in severity across days. An individual’s daily variation in symptom severity was represented as a model parameter that did not contain measurement error that is present in ad hoc methods.
Daily Surveillance Blood Cultures in Children Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort Study, 2021–2023
Authors: Schmoke Nicholas , Clark Eunice , Nemeh Christopher , Vargas Chaves Diana , Saiman Lisa , Cheung Eva W. , Middlesworth William , Sen Anita I. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Diagnosing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be challenging due to circuit-controlled temperature, altered hemodynamics, and questionable reliability of inflammatory markers in critically ill patients. As a result, practice variability exists among ECMO centers regarding routine blood cultures for surveillance of BSI. Our study aimed to evaluate daily surveillance blood cultures in pediatric and neonatal ECMO patients.

Design:
Retrospective review of daily surveillance blood cultures from January 2021 to July 2023. We evaluated signs, symptoms, and laboratory results in patients with positive blood cultures.

Setting:
Academic children’s hospital, New York, NY.

Patients:
All pediatric and neonatal patients supported on ECMO.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified a cohort of 111 patients (39 neonates and 72 children) who were supported with ECMO. Daily blood cultures were obtained on 1059 (99%) of 1065 completed ECMO days. Overall, 3% (35/1059) of blood cultures were positive, affecting 6% (7/111) of patients. All seven patients had new evidence of infection on the day of their first positive blood culture; six had clinical signs of infection, including new-onset hypotension, hypothermia, or respiratory decline, and the remaining patients had newly elevated inflammatory markers.

Conclusions:
Daily surveillance blood cultures are low-yield in our practice with pediatric and neonatal ECMO patients. Our experience shows that changes in clinical status, including abnormal physical or laboratory findings consistent with infection, are associated with BSI, allowing for timely diagnosis. These criteria should prompt as-needed blood cultures, reducing blood draws and preventing costly and unnecessary daily surveillance cultures.
Cannabis use and HIV among Black sexually minoritized men: a systematic review and narrative analysis
Authors: Knox Justin , Magana Christopher , Duncan Dustin T. , Shrader Cho-Hee , Wilson Allison , Keedy Sarah , Pagkas-Bather Jade , Chen Yen-Tyng , Schneider John A. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
We conducted a systematic review evaluating the extant literature examining the impacts of cannabis use on HIV-related outcomes among Black sexual minoritized men (BSMM).

Design:
Systematic review

Methods:
We conducted a search in November 2024 of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science using keywords related to BSMM, HIV, and cannabis. Study quality was assessed utilizing a tool developed for observational studies. 108 unique articles were screened with 55 undergoing full-text review, and 20 met inclusion criteria. Results were synthesized and presented utilizing a narrative review process.

Results:
We identified 20 studies published between 1999–2024. Measures of cannabis use included any use (e.g., ever, past 30 days), daily/intermittent/heavy use, use before/during sex, and problematic use. Outcomes included: HIV positivity/seroconversion, HIV Continuum of Care (CoC), PrEP CoC, and sex behavior strengths, vulnerabilities, and assets. Study findings were generally mixed, however positive associations between cannabis use and HIV seroconversion, inconsistent condom use, being HIV-positive and unaware of one's serostatus, and suboptimal ART adherence were reported.

Conclusions:
This systematic review identified a growing literature on cannabis use and HIV among Black SMM. Conclusions that can be drawn from the evidence are limited. There is a critical need for studies that more rigorously measure cannabis use by considering contexts of cannabis use. In addition, there is a need for research that examines the pathways and mechanisms through which cannabis use may affect prevention and treatments outcomes related to HIV among Black SMM.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in Oncocytic and Conventional Subtypes of Pediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Jenabi Elnaz , Amini Hamidreza , Nikkholgh Bababk , Divband Ghasemali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma, a poor prognosis cancer with a low survival rate, is a rare pediatric malignancy. We performed 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT imaging in 2 children with different subtypes of adrenocortical carcinoma and compared the findings. FAPI PET/CT revealed superior performance in patient with conventional subtype and in detecting skeletal lesions. However, the recurrent lesions in the surgical bed had higher FDG uptake in both patients.
Women and People From Deprived Areas Are Less Likely to be Assessed for Liver Transplantation for Alcohol-related Liver Disease: Results From a National Study of Transplant Assessments
Authors: Oldroyd Christopher , Aluvihare Varuna , Holt Andrew , Chew Yun , Masson Steven , Parker Richard , Rajoriya Neil , Ryan Jennifer , Shepherd Liz , Simpson Kenneth , Wai Clare , Webzell Ian , Walton Sharon , Verne Julia , Allison Michael E.D. 
Published: February 2025

Background.
Alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) is the most common indication for liver transplantation in Europe and the United States. Few studies have examined the characteristics of patients with ArLD formally assessed for liver transplants.

Methods.
We collected prospective data on every patient with ArLD formally assessed for liver transplantation in the United Kingdom during a 12-mo period.

Results.
Five hundred forty-nine patients with ArLD were assessed for liver transplantation. The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 15 and the UK MELD score was 54. 24% were women. The median duration of abstinence was 12 mo. Listing outcomes were 59% listed, 4% deferred, and 37% not listed. The reasons for not listing were medical comorbidities (29%), too early for transplantation (20%), potential recoverability (18%), recent alcohol use (12%), and other (21%). Patients listed for transplant had a higher median MELD (16 versus 13; P < 0.001) and UK MELD scores (55 versus 53; P < 0.001), longer duration of abstinence (median 12 versus 10 mo; P = 0.026), and no differences in sex (P = 0.258), age distribution (P = 0.53), or deprivation deciles compared with those not listed. Comparing patients assessed for transplantation to national data on deaths from ArLD revealed a lower proportion of female patients (24% assessed versus 36% deaths; P < 0.001) and patients from areas of high deprivation (assessments: deaths, most deprived decile 1:20 versus least deprived decile 1:9).

Conclusions.
This study provides the first complete national profile of evaluations for liver transplantation for patients with ArLD. Women and patients from the most deprived deciles of the population may be relatively underrepresented.
Mental health and psychological processes associated with cognitive aging and dementia
Authors: Bartrés-Faz David , Marchant Natalie L. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
This review focuses on the role of psychological factors in cognitive aging and dementia, an area that has received less attention compared to other modifiable factors (e.g. sleep, physical activity, and so on) or reduction of disease risk.

Recent findings
A range of mental health and psychological aspects, including clinical symptoms, stable personality traits, and more specific constructs or processes (e.g. repetitive negative thinking, purpose in life), are associated with cognitive aging and dementia risk. Psychological factors can either serve as protective or risk elements, influencing brain health through general mechanisms, including stress regulation and impact on several biological systems, as well as modulate brain resistance and cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease and age-related brain changes. Protective psychological traits are linked to healthier lifestyle habits, while risk factors are associated with negative behaviors, and may impact cognitive function across the lifespan, suggesting benefits for psychological education from early life.

Summary
The review emphasizes the need for greater focus on optimizing psychological well being, particularly in at-risk populations, and suggests that interventions should be tailored to individuals’ values and life purposes. Additionally, further research is needed to explore the neurobiological mechanisms through which psychologically focused interventions may influence cognitive decline and dementia.
RNAseq-Based Machine Learning Models for Prognostication of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shah Krish U. , Millan Kaina A. , Pula Anna E. , Kubicki Tadeusz F. , Cannova Joseph , Wu Sulin , Bhagwat Manoj , Guenther Quincy C. , Cooperrider Jennifer , Roloff Gregory , Venkat Aarti , Derman Benjamin A. , Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , Drazer Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by abnormal plasma cell proliferation in the bone marrow, leading to symptoms like osteolytic lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, and elevated serum creatinine. RNA-sequencing-based prognostic indicators for MM have shown promise in stratifying risk and assessing first-line treatment options. This study uses machine learning techniques and leverages RNA-sequencing, clinical, and biochemical data from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass cohort to predict patient prognosis.MethodsRNAseq data of 60,623 genes from bone marrow samples of 708 MM patients were pre-processed for batch effect correction and split into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets. Feature selection involved MAD, mRMR, and iterative permutation importance filtering for predicting PFS and OS. Machine learning survival models like Random Survival Forest (RSF), Gradient Boosted (GB), and Component-wise Gradient Boosted (CGB) were developed and optimized. Performance was evaluated using C-index and integrated Brier score (IBS).ResultsThe RSF and GB models showed the highest performance for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) on the testing dataset. Significant features for PFS included stem cell transplant status, serum β2-microglobulin levels, germline mutational status, and expression ofC12orf75and ENSG00000256006. For OS, stem cell transplant status, age, serum β2-microglobulin levels, germline mutational status, and expression ofNUTM2B-AS1and ENSG00000287022 were prominent. Gene ontology analyses confirmed the biological relevance of enriched pathways related to cell division, protein localization, and cancer.ConclusionIntegrating RNAseq and clinical data with advanced machine learning models presents a robust approach for predicting MM prognosis, highlighting gene expression programs, germline mutational status, and clinical markers as significant features. Future research should focus on independent validation to confirm findings and explore additional genomic data for enhanced prognostication.
Developing a model to implement marker-assisted selection for root-knot nematode resistance in common bean
Authors: de Oliveira Floriani Talissa , Gama Henrique Castro , Moreno Bruna Marques , Luz Costa Guilherme Alexandre , Giordani Willian , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Bibiano Líllian , Parker Travis A. , Camargo Luis Eduardo Aranha , Vieira Maria Lucia Carneiro , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is a vital crop for direct human consumption, with essential nutrients and valuable protein that provides food security in developing countries. However, its cultivation faces significant threats fromMeloidogyne incognita, a root-knot nematode (RKN), resulting in considerable yield loss. Developing crop resistance remains a key strategy for mitigating nematode infections. To investigate the genetic architecture of common bean responses to RKN (specifically, race 3 ofM. incognita), we performed controlled crosses between the genotypes ‘IAC-Tybatã’ and ‘Branquinho’ with contrasting resistance. The resulting segregating population (F2) of 333 individuals was genotyped using GBS (genotyping-by-sequencing). We used a phenotyping approach, already optimized in the lab, to collect trait data for a subset of 200 F2:3families. Evaluations of egg mass (EM), root-galling index (GI), and root dry mass (RM) were conducted 30 days after RKN inoculation under greenhouse conditions, in a completely randomized design with ten replicates. Linkage and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping were performed, while functional mapping of associated regions facilitated identification of candidate genes. A linkage map encompassing 954 SNPs assigned to 11 linkage groups totaling 1,687 cM formed the basis for Interval Mapping (IM), Composite Interval Mapping (CIM), and Multiple Interval Mapping (MIM), revealing four major QTLs (on Pv03, Pv05, Pv08, and Pv10) and epistasis between QTL on Pv08 and on Pv10 associated with the GI trait. No significant QTL were identified for EM and RM. The model enabled calculation of genotypic values through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The high correlation between observed and predicted values (0.72) underscores the model’s significance. Candidate genes previously associated with nematode resistance were also identified within the QTL interval on chromosome Pv10. Our results will be valuable for future selection of varieties resistant to this important crop disease.