bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of resistance training on peak isometric torque, muscle hypertrophy, voluntary activation and surface EMG between young and elderly women
Authors: Cannon Jack , Kay Derek , Tarpenning Kyle M. , Marino Frank E. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe compared the effect of a 10‐week resistance training program on peak isometric torque, muscle hypertrophy, voluntary activation and electromyogram signal amplitude (EMG) of the knee extensors between young and elderly women. Nine young women (YW; range 20–30 years) and eight elderly women (EW; 64–78 years) performed three sets of ten repetitions at 75% 1 repetition maximum for the bilateral leg extension and bilateral leg curl 3 days per week for 10 weeks. Peak isometric torque, EMG and voluntary activation were assessed before, during, and after the training period, while knee extensor lean muscle cross‐sectional area (LCSA) and lean muscle volume (LMV) were assessed before and after the training period only. Similar increases in peak isometric torque (16% and 18%), LCSA (13% and 12%), LMV (10% and 9%) and EMG (19% and 21%) were observed between YW and EW, respectively, at the completion of training (P<0·05), while the increase in voluntary activation in YW (1·9%) and EW (2·1%) was not significant (P>0·05). These findings provide evidence to indicate that participation in regular resistance exercise can have significant neuromuscular benefits in women independent of age. The lack of change in voluntary activation following resistance training in both age groups despite the increase in EMG may be related to differences between measurements in their ability to detect resistance training‐induced changes in motor unit activity. However, it is possible that neural adaptation did not occur and that the increase in EMG was due to peripheral adaptations.
Manipulation of Base Excision Repair to Sensitize Ovarian Cancer Cells to Alkylating Agent Temozolomide
Authors: Fishel Melissa L. , He Ying , Smith Martin L. , Kelley Mark R. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: To improve the treatment of women with ovarian cancer, we are investigating the modulation of a prominent DNA-damaging agent, temozolomide, by manipulating the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway via BER inhibitor, methoxyamine, and overexpression of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG).
Experimental Design: Enhancement of temozolomide via methoxyamine and MPG overexpression was analyzed using in vitro assays, including 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay, apoptosis via Annexin staining, and Western blotting for H2AX phosphorylation to quantitate DNA damage.
Results: Our data show that we can effectively modulate the activity of the chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide, via modulator methoxyamine, in three ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV-3x, Ovcar-3, and IGROV-1. This enhancement of temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity is not dependent on p53 status as we transfected an ovarian cancer cell line with a dominant-negative p53-expressing plasmid (IGROV-1mp53) and obtained similar results. Our results show that MPG-overexpressing IGROV-1 and IGROV-1mp53 cells are significantly more sensitive to the clinical chemotherapeutic temozolomide in combination with methoxyamine as assayed by cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and levels of DNA damage than either agent alone.
Conclusions: These studies show that although clinical trials in ovarian cancer to determine temozolomide single-agent efficacy are in development, through manipulation of the BER pathway, an increase in response to temozolomide is achieved. The combination of temozolomide plus methoxyamine has potential for second-line therapy for patients who have failed standard platinum plus paclitaxel chemotherapy.
Pilot Study of Rosiglitazone Therapy in Women with Breast Cancer: Effects of Short-term Therapy on Tumor Tissue and Serum Markers
Authors: Yee Lisa D. , Williams Nita , Wen Ping , Young Donn C. , Lester Joanne , Johnson Maria V. , Farrar William B. , Walker Michael J. , Povoski Stephen P. , Suster Saul , Eng Charis 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a steroid nuclear receptor that is activated by natural compounds such as specific fatty acids and synthetic drugs such as thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents. Expressed in normal and malignant mammary epithelial cells, activation of PPARγ is associated with antiproliferative effects on human breast cancer cells in preclinical studies. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that PPARγ ligand therapy might inhibit tumor growth and progression in human breast cancer.
Experimental Design: We conducted a pilot trial of short-term (2-6 weeks) treatment with the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone in 38 women with early-stage (Tis-T2, N0-1, M0) breast cancer, administered between the time of diagnostic biopsy and definitive surgery.
Results: Short-term treatment with rosiglitazone (8 mg/d) did not elicit significant effects on breast tumor cell proliferation using Ki67 expression as a measure of cell proliferation and surrogate marker of tumor growth and progression. In pretreatment tumors notable for nuclear expression of PPARγ by immunohistochemistry, down-regulation of nuclear PPARγ expression occurred following rosiglitazone administration (P = 0.005). No PPARG mutations were identified, and the incidence of P12A and H446H polymorphisms did not differ relative to U.S. controls (P = 0.5). Treatment with rosiglitazone resulted in increased serum adiponectin (P &lt; 0.001), decreased insulin levels (P = 0.005), and increased insulin sensitivity (P = 0.004). Rosiglitazone was well tolerated without serious adverse events.
Conclusion: Our data indicate that short-term rosiglitazone therapy in early-stage breast cancer patients leads to local and systemic effects on PPARγ signaling that may be relevant to breast cancer.
Plasma Phytoestrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Verheus Martijn , van Gils Carla H. , Keinan-Boker Lital , Grace Philip B. , Bingham Sheila A. , Peeters Petra H.M. 
Published: January 2007

PurposePhytoestrogens are plant compounds that are structurally and functionally similar to mammalian estrogens. By competing for estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens possibly inhibit binding of the more potent endogenous estrogens and decrease their potential effects on breast cancer risk. We investigated the association between plasma phytoestrogen levels and breast cancer risk in a prospective manner.Patients and MethodsWe performed a nested case-control study within the Prospect cohort, one of the two Dutch cohorts participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. A total of 383 women (87 pre- or perimenopausal women [mean age, 52 years] and 296 postmenopausal women [mean age, 59 years]) who developed breast cancer were selected as case subjects and were matched to 383 controls, on date of blood sampling. Plasma levels of isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin, and equol) and lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone) were measured. The isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass-spectrometry method incorporating triply13C-labeled standards was used for all analyses. Breast cancer odds ratios were calculated for tertiles of phytoestrogen plasma levels using conditional logistic regression analysis.ResultsFor genistein, the risk estimate for the highest versus the lowest tertile was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.98). Similar protective effects, although not statistically significant, were seen for the other isoflavones. Lignan levels did not appear to be related to breast cancer risk. Results were the same in pre- or perimenopausal women, and in postmenopausal women.ConclusionHigh genistein circulation levels are associated with reduced breast cancer risk in the Dutch population. No effects of lignans on breast cancer risk were observed.
Is a “Wage-Payment” Model for Research Participation Appropriate for Children?
Authors: Bagley Stephen J. , Reynolds William W. , Nelson Robert M. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to evaluate the applicability of a “wage-payment” model to inducements for children to participate in research.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. We interviewed 42 children and adolescents between the ages of 4 and 16 years who had diabetes, asthma, seizures, or no chronic medical condition. The interview explored hypothetical participation decisions for up to 4 research scenarios. To evaluate factors that would influence children and adolescents' decision-making for research participation, we probed for the impact of monetary and other incentives. The interviews were transcribed and coded for specific themes related to money or other rewards and incentives.RESULTS. Older children, mainly those &gt;9 years of age, showed an appreciation for the role and value of money through (a) an accurate concept of the material value of money in society or (b) asking for a realistic amount of money in exchange for their research participation. Younger children, primarily those &lt;9 years of age, showed an inability to appreciate the role and value of money by: (a) asking for excessive monetary amounts that bore no relationship to the sum warranted by participation; (b) having no concept of what that money could buy; (c) not comprehending the meaning of a wage as earning a reward for working; or (d) justifying proposed amounts with reasons unrelated to the time and effort involved.CONCLUSIONS. An age-appropriate token of appreciation as an inducement for research participation is appropriate for the younger child who is &lt;9 years old, because they generally have an inadequate understanding of the value of money and, therefore, the meaning of a wage. A wage-payment model for compensating older children (&gt;9 years of age) and adolescents for the time and effort of research participation is appropriate because they generally understand the meaning and value of a wage.
Preventing and Treating Homesickness
Authors: Thurber Christopher A. , Walton Edward ,   and the Council on School Health
Published: January 2007

This Clinical Report was retired November 2017.
Homesickness is the distress and functional impairment caused by an actual or anticipated separation from home and attachment objects such as parents. It is characterized by acute longing and preoccupying thoughts of home. Almost all children, adolescents, and adults experience some degree of homesickness when they are apart from familiar people and environments. Pediatricians and other health care professionals are in a unique position to assist families in understanding the etiology, prevention, and treatment of homesickness. In the case of planned separations, such as summer camp, techniques are provided that may aid in prevention. In the case of unanticipated or traumatic separations, such as hospitalization, effective treatment strategies are available.
Cord Blood Banking for Potential Future Transplantation
Authors:   Section on Hematology/Oncology and Section on Allergy/Immunology
Published: January 2007

This Policy Statement was retired May 2012.
In recent years, umbilical cord blood, which contains a rich source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, has been used successfully as an alternative allogeneic donor source to treat a variety of pediatric genetic, hematologic, immunologic, and oncologic disorders. Because there is diminished risk of graft-versus-host disease after transplantation of cord stem cells using matched related donors, the use of less-than-completely matched HLA cord blood stem cells may incur less risk of graft-versus-host disease than mismatched cells from either a related or unrelated “walking” donor, although this remains to be proven. Gene-therapy research involving modification of autologous cord blood stem cells for the treatment of childhood genetic disorders, although experimental at the present time, may prove to be of value. These scientific advances have resulted in the establishment of not-for-profit and for-profit cord blood–banking programs for allogeneic and autologous cord blood transplantation. Many issues confront institutions that wish to establish or participate in such programs. Parents often seek information from their physicians about this new biotechnology option. This document is intended to provide information to guide physicians in responding to parents’ questions about cord blood donation and banking and the types and quality of cord blood banks. Provided also are recommendations about appropriate ethical and operational standards, including informed consent policies, financial disclosures, and conflict-of-interest policies for physicians, institutions, and organizations that operate or have a relationship with cord blood–banking programs.
Study of a 5 kW PEMFC Using Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis Techniques
Authors: Wahdame B. , Candusso D. , François X. , Harel F. , De Bernardinis A. , Kauffmann J.‐M. , Coquery G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWithin the framework of the French inter lab SPACT project (Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation Applications), the behavior of a 5 kW PEM fuel cell stack, fed by humidified hydrogen and compressed air, is investigated in a test platform at Belfort, France.A set of polarization curves are recorded, under various conditions of stack temperature, gas pressure, and stoichiometry rates, in order to obtain a kind of cartography, representing the static stack performance. Initially, the tests are defined considering experimental design techniques.In order to study the relative impacts of the physical factors on the fuel cell voltage, some polarization curve results are selected from the static tests available applying experimental design methodology.First, several analyses are used to estimate the impact of the stack temperature, gas pressure, and stoichiometry rate on the fuel cell voltage. Statistical sensitivity analyses (ANOVA) are used to compute, from the available data, the effects and respective contributions of the various physical factors on the stack voltage. The potential for the detection of any interactions between the different parameters is shown. Also, some graphic representations are used to display the results of the statistical analyses made for different current values of the polarization curves. Then, the experimental design method and its associated statistical tools are employed in order to identify the influence of the stack temperature and gas pressure on the fuel cell voltage. Moreover, it is shown how it is possible to reduce the number of experiments needed and how certain optimizations of the fuel cell operating parameters leading to higher performances can be achieved.The work presented aims at showing the suitability of the experimental design method for the characterization, analysis, and improvement of a complex system like a fuel cell generator. The future outlook is proposed in the final part of the paper. The methodologies developed for the analysis of the tests performed on the 5 kW stack could also be used to study different fuel cells and phenomena. For instance, the roles of additional physical parameters, linked with the gas humidification process, could be considered.
On the chemistry of 5‐aryl‐2‐hydrazino‐benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyrido[2,3‐e] pyrimidin‐4‐one
Authors: El‐Gazzar A. B. A. , Abu‐Zied Kh. M. , El‐Din N. Khir 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSeveral pyrido[2,3‐e]pyrimidine fused with other rings have been prepared by intramolecular cyclization of 5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐hydrazino‐benzo [6,7]cyclohepta‐[1,2‐b]pyrido[2,3‐e]pyrimidine‐4‐one (1) with acids, carbon disulfide to form triazole derivatives (2,4), halo‐ketones to give triazine derivative (5), β‐ketoesters, β‐cyanoesters, and β‐diketones to yield 2‐(1‐pyrazolyl) derivatives (7,9,10), and aldehydes to form arylhydrazone derivatives (11a,b) which cyclized to form triazoles (12a,b). Also, acyclic N‐nucleosides are prepared by heating under reflux 2‐hydrazino‐benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2‐b]pyrido[2,3‐e] pyrimidin‐4‐one (1) with xylose and glucose to give the corresponding acyclic N‐nucleosides (13a,b) which are cyclized to afford the corresponding protected tetra and penta–O‐acetate C‐nucleosides (14a,b). Deacetylating of the latter nucleosides afforded the free acyclic C‐nucleosides (15a,b). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:34–43, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20248
Differential fragmentation patterns of pectin oligogalacturonides observed by nanoelectrospray quadrupole ion‐trap mass spectrometry using automated spectra interpretation
Authors: Mutenda Kudzai E. , Matthiesen Rune , Roepstorff Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOligogalacturonides of different degrees of polymerization (DP) and methyl esterification (DE) were structurally analyzed by nanoESI quadrupole ion‐trap mass spectrometry. The fragmentation patterns of the oligogalacturonides were compared using the program ‘Virtual Expert Mass Spectrometrist’ (VEMS) for structural annotation. In the analyzed oligogalacturonides of lower DP, the generation of C/Y ions, i.e. ions retaining the glycosidic oxygen, was higher than that of B/Z ions. In general, with oligogalacturonides of higher DP, the B/Z ions were generated more abundantly. Oligogalacturonides with free carboxylic acid groups underwent higher water loss compared to fully methyl‐esterified oligogalacturonides under the same fragmentation conditions. Cross‐ring cleavage, in which fragmentation occurs across the ring system of the galacturonate residue and signified by unique mass losses, was observed to be higher in fully methyl‐esterified oligogalacturonides than in non‐methyl‐esterified ones. This study demonstrates the different fragmentation patterns of oligogalacturonides as influenced by the presence or absence of methyl ester groups. For a detailed analysis of unknown oligogalacturonides, cross‐ring fragmentation gives more structural information than glycosidic bond cleavage. One implication of this is that more structural information is obtained when analyzing methyl‐esterified oligogalacturonides than non‐methyl‐esterified ones in an ion‐trap instrument. This is of particular importance in pectin chemistry, where mass spectrometry has become the technique of choice for structural determination. Although this study was not designed to explain the mechanisms of oligogalacturonide fragmentation, possible explanations for why non‐methyl‐esterified oligogalacturonides undergo more water loss than methyl‐esterified ones will be postulated. In addition, the VEMS program was extended to automatically interpret and assign the fragment ions peaks generated in this study. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron spin dynamics in GaAsN and InGaAsN structures
Authors: Lagarde D. , Lombez L. , Marie X. , Balocchi A. , Amand T. , Kalevich V. K. , Shiryaev A. , Ivchenko E. , Egorov A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe report on optical orientation experiments in undoped GaAsN epilayers and InGaAsN quantum wells (QW), showing that a strong electron spin polarisation can persist at room temperature. We demonstrate that the spin dynamics in these dilute nitride structures is governed by a spin‐dependent recombination process of free conduction electrons on deep paramagnetic centres. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Injection level dependent luminescence characteristics of UV–violet emitting (AlGaIn)N LED structures
Authors: Kunzer M. , Baeumler M. , Köhler K. , Leancu C.‐C. , Kaufmann U. , Wagner J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA series of (AlGaIn)N LEDs covering the 377 to 428 nm wavelength interval has been analyzed by pulsed electro‐ and temperature dependent photo‐luminescence with respect to the carrier density dependence of the quantum efficiency and peak position. A non‐thermal rollover of the quantum efficiency vs. current is observed for the LEDs with higher In content and longer wavelengths (λ > 400 nm). The photoluminescence data reveal In induced band tails as well as the presence of a quantum confined stark effect. Both effects contribute to the observed non‐thermal rollover. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A mini challenge: build a verifiable filesystem
Authors: Joshi Rajeev , Holzmann Gerard J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

We propose tackling a “mini challenge” problem: a nontrivial verification effort that can be completed in 2–3 years, and will help establish notational standards, common formats, and libraries of benchmarks that will be essential in order for the verification community to collaborate on meeting Hoare’s 15-year verification grand challenge. We believe that a suitable candidate for such a mini challenge is the development of a filesystem that is
verifiably
reliable and secure. The paper argues why we believe a filesystem is the right candidate for a mini challenge and describes a project in which we are building a small embedded filesystem for use with flash memory.
On Judgment and Taste with Regard to Music
Authors: Banister Henry C. 
Published: January 2007

In venturing to offer for your consideration a few thoughts on “Judgment and Taste with regard to Music,” I might almost take as my starting point, if not exactly as my motto, the words of the Laureate with regard, not to music, but to the spirit or tendency of the age generally:—
“Let knowledge grow from more to more,But more of reverence in us dwell,That mind and soul according wellMay make one Music as before,But vaster.”
The Reminiscences of a Quinquagenarian
Authors: Shaw G. Bernard 
Published: January 2007

[Mr. Bernard Shaw's reminiscences unfortunately defied verbatim reporting; and as his address was improvised in a fashion of which long practice on the platform has made him a master, no written paper is available for publication in the proceedings of the Association. In reply to an appeal from the Secretary for some notes of his address, Mr. Shaw writes as follows.]A good deal of what I said need not be reported. It served its purpose of keeping the audience in good humour for the moment; and there is no reason why it should survive.
Indian Folk-Music
Authors: Bake Arnold 
Published: January 2007

“That music which in different countries serves for the enjoyment of the people according to the custom of the land is called deçï (folk-music).”Here we have the indigenous definition of folk-music, given to mark the distinction between this music and mãrga-music; that is to say, classical or art-music, a different thing altogether. This mãrga music is not primarily for the enjoyment of the people, but is considered as a means to salvation, namely, the breaking of the endless succession of birth, death and re-birth. It is of divine origin, brought down to our times by an unbroken succession of teachers, not only considered as music masters but definitely as spiritual preceptors. The superior attitude of the exponents of classical music towards deçï, popular or country-music, finds its origin in this spiritual claim of mārga-music. Nevertheless folk-music naturally is one of the parents of art-music whether the latter acknowledges this parenthood or not.
The Double-Bassoon: Its Origin and Evolution
Authors: Langwill Lyndesay G. 
Published: January 2007

The earliest printed account of the Bassoon occurs in Ludovico Zacconi's Prattica di Musica, first published in Venice in 1592. As this book is rare and no facsimile edition or translation has appeared, the following extract1 is of interest and contains the earliest allusion to a Bassoon of deeper pitch than the type instrument:—
The Fagotta chorista (i.e. Chorist Bassoon) goes from the octave of C fa ut of the bass to the B fa b mi above. They call it Fagotto chorista because there is of it another which is not of its pitch, but a little higher or a little deeper.