bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial aggregation of ischemic stroke in young women: the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study
Authors: MacClellan Leah R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Cole John W. , Wozniak Marcella A. , Stern Barney J. , Giles Wayne H. , Brown David W. , Sparks Mary J. , Kittner Steven J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose: Stroke occurs infrequently in young adults. While a familial basis for older onset stroke is well established, the extent of familial clustering in young‐onset stroke is unknown. To address this issue, we compared the frequency of stroke in relatives of stroke cases to that in relatives of controls across different ages and by stroke subtype. Methods: Through a population‐based case‐control study of stroke, we identified 487 women aged 15–49 years with ischemic stroke and 615 women without stroke matched by age and geographic region. Family history of stroke was collected for 5,749 relatives (parents and siblings) of case and control probands by standardized interview. Results: Strokes were reported in 149 relatives of case patients and 119 relatives of controls. Siblings of stroke case patients had more than four times the risk of stroke compared to siblings of controls (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.9–8.8) and mothers of stroke case patients had twice the risk of stroke compared to mothers of control subjects (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.4–3.0). The association between stroke in probands and family history of stroke was strongest among women aged 15–24 years (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.4–15.1), and diminished with increasing proband age (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8–3.3 among women 25–34 years and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9 among women 35‐‐49 years; P<0.0001 for trend). Conclusions: We conclude that young‐onset stroke aggregates in families and that the magnitude of aggregation increases with decreasing proband age. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic algorithms for protein conformation sampling and optimization in a discrete backbone dihedral angle space
Authors: Yang Yuedong , Liu Haiyan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe have investigated protein conformation sampling and optimization based on the genetic algorithm and discrete main chain dihedral state model. An efficient approach combining the genetic algorithm with local minimization and with a niche technique based on the sharing function is proposed. Using two different types of potential energy functions, a Go‐type potential function and a knowledge‐based pairwise potential energy function, and a test set containing small proteins of varying sizes and secondary structure compositions, we demonstrated the importance of local minimization and population diversity in protein conformation optimization with genetic algorithms. Some general properties of the sampled conformations such as their native‐likeness and the influences of including side‐chains are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1593–1602, 2006
Appendiceal intussusception diagnosed with endoscopic sonography
Authors: Tseng Ping‐Huei , Lee Yi‐Chia , Chiu Han‐Mo , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Lin Jaw‐Town , Wang Hsiu‐Po 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIntussusception of the appendix vermiformis is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain. Several imaging modalities are of limited value in diagnosing this rare condition, including barium enema, transabdominal sonography, and CT. We report a case of intussusception of the appendix vermiformis with the clinical presentation of intermittent abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant. Colonoscopy revealed an erythematous polypoid lesion at the cecal base. Endoscopic sonography demonstrated a multiconcentric structure and enabled the tentative diagnosis of intussusception of the appendix vermiformis. Laparoscopic surgery with a reduction of the appendix and appendectomy was performed and confirmed the diagnosis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:348–351, 2006
Spontaneous twin tubal ectopic gestation
Authors: Hois Erin L. , Hibbeln John F. , Sclamberg Joy S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe present a case of a viable spontaneous unilateral twin ectopic pregnancy in the right fallopian tube that was diagnosed with transvaginal sonography and subsequently treated with laparotomy and salpingectomy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:352–355, 2006
Isoselectivity Distribution of Isospecific Centers in Supported Titanium‐Based Ziegler‐Natta Catalysts
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Chadwick John C. , Mingozzi Ines , Morini Giampiero 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: This article describes the quantitative aspects of the isoselectivity distribution of isospecific centers in five supported titanium‐based Ziegler–Natta catalyst systems containing different internal and external organic donors. Highly crystalline poly(propylene) fractions of the polymers (insoluble in o‐xylene at 95 °C) were analyzed by analytical Tref and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) methods. Separation of the Tref curves into the peaks of sterically uniform components (each represented by the Lorentz function) showed that all these “isotactic” poly(propylene) fractions are nonuniform materials. Each highly crystalline fraction contains several distinct components that differ in stereoregularity. The [mmmm] values for different components (which have approximately the same isotacticity in different polymers) range from as high as 0.986–0.993 to much lower values, in the 0.935–0.955 range. The number of Tref components and their relative contents are substantially different for the crystalline fractions of the polymers produced with different catalyst systems; these parameters depend on the nature of the internal and the external electron donors in the catalysts. GPC analysis of the crystalline poly(propylene) fractions showed that each consists of four or five Flory components (the components produced by kinetically uniform active centers) with widely different average molecular weights, from ≈1 × 104 to ≈1.3 × 106. In general, the probabilities of chain transfer reactions for different active centers decrease with the increase in their isospecificity.Resolution of the Tref curve of the highly crystalline fraction of poly(propylene) prepared with catalyst system 3.magnified imageResolution of the Tref curve of the highly crystalline fraction of poly(propylene) prepared with catalyst system 3.
Electrochemical Properties of a New Star‐Shaped Pyrrole Monomer and its Electrochromic Applications
Authors: Ak Metin , Ak Mine Sulak , Toppare Levent 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary: A new monomer, 2,4,6‐tris(4‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)phenoxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (Tria‐Py) was synthesized via the reaction of 4‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)phenol with 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine. It was electrochemically polymerized in a dichloromethane/acetonitrile solvent mixture. The polymer P(Tria‐Py) was characterized via CV, FTIR, SEM and UV‐vis spectroscopy. Spectroelectrochemical analysis revealed electronic transitions at 346, 508 and 665 nm, revealing π to π* transitions, and polaron and bipolaron band formations respectively. We also made a dual–type, complementary‐colored electrochromic device using P(Tria‐Py)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) in a sandwich configuration. The device switches between dark blue and red colors with a switching time of 2.2 s and an optical contrast (% ΔT) of 25%.Synthesis route for the Tria‐Py monomer.magnified imageSynthesis route for the Tria‐Py monomer.
1H and 13C NMR data for C‐6 substituted 3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐1‐carboxylates
Authors: Goodall Kirsten J. , Brimble Margaret A. , Barker David 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 3‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes with various oxygenated substituents at C‐6 were assigned using 1D (DEPT) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) experiments. Close examination of this NMR data details the effects of substitution and stereochemistry at C‐6 in these compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depletion of substrates for protein prenylation increases apoptosis in human periovulatory granulosa cells
Authors: Rung Emilia , Friberg P. Anders , Bergh Christina , Billig Håkan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractProgesterone receptor (PR) stimulation promotes survival in human and rat periovulatory granulosa cells. PR antagonists, Org 31710 and RU 486, both increase apoptosis and decrease cholesterol synthesis in these cells. The decrease in cholesterol synthesis also causes decreased synthesis of other products branching from the cholesterol synthesis pathway, including substrates for protein prenylation. In this study we focus on the link between apoptosis and prenylation in human periovulatory granulosa cells. A decreased cholesterol synthesis and increased apoptosis was verified in experiments with human periovulatory granulosa cells treated with the PR antagonists Org 31710 or RU 486 by measuring caspase‐3/7 activity and incorporation of14C‐acetate into cholesterol and progesterone. Correspondingly, specific inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in periovulatory human granulosa cells using HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (lovastatin or simvastatin) increased apoptosis, measured as caspase‐3/7 activity. The increase in apoptosis caused by simvastatin or Org 31710 was partially reversed by addition of the protein prenylation precursors farnesol or geranylgeraniol. In addition, the prenylation inhibitors FTI R115777 and GGTI 2147 increased apoptosis in these cells. In conclusion our data suggest that PR antagonists increase apoptosis and reduce cholesterol synthesis in periovulatory granulosa cells and that the resulting depletion of substrates for protein prenylation may contribute to the increased apoptosis sensitivity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of inhaled ciclesonide 160 µg/day and fluticasone propionate 176 µg/day in children with asthma
Authors: Pedersen S. , Garcia M.L. Garcia , Manjra Al , Theron I. , Engelstätter R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCiclesonide (CIC) is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) with high anti‐inflammatory activity and low incidence of local and systemic adverse effects. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of CIC with fluticasone propionate (FP) in children and adolescents with persistent asthma. This was a 12‐week, randomized, double blind, parallel‐group study. After a 2‐to 4‐week baseline period, a total of 556 children (ages 6–15 years) with asthma (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1], 50% to 90% predicted) were treated twice daily with CIC 80 µg (ex‐actuator, equivalent to 100 µg ex‐valve) or FP 88 µg (ex‐actuator, equivalent to 100 µg ex‐valve) administered via a hydrofluoroalkane‐propelled metered‐dose inhaler. A statistically significant increase from baseline was observed in FEV1 for both CIC (285 ± 16 ml) and FP (285 ± 15 ml) (P < 0.0001 for both) and in morning and evening peak expiratory flow (P < 0.0001 for both). Significant improvements were seen in asthma symptoms, use of rescue medication, and asthma symptom‐free days in both treatment groups, without any differences between the treatment groups in changes from baseline. Two FP‐treated patients experienced oral candidiasis and one patient experienced voice alteration. Creatinine‐adjusted 24‐hr urine cortisol levels increased from baseline levels by 10% in the CIC group (P < 0.05) and by 6% in the FP group (not significant). The efficacy and safety of CIC 160 µg/day were comparable to those of FP 176 µg/day in children with asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:954–961. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elaboration and characterization of chemical bath deposited films of cadmium sulfide
Authors: Soubane D. , Ihlal A. , Nya M. , Outzourhit A. , Nouet G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractChemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique was used to elaborate Cadmium Sulfide CdS thin films onto glass substrate. The effect of deposition temperature and heat treatments were investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction (X‐RD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical measurements. High quality films were obtained with a high reproducibility. The films were highly transmitting in the infrared region. In the visible region, absorption coefficients of about 104 to 105 cm–1 were measured. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superconductive radiation detectors: challenges and some recent achievements
Authors: Barone Antonio , Ejrnes Mikkel , Esposito Emanuela , Latempa Rossella , Pagano Sergio , Parlato Loredana , Pepe Giovanni Piero 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe interest of superconductor materials for the realization of radiation detectors lies in a variety of concrete achievements and stimulating proposals. In this paper, recent aspects of superconductive radiation detectors are reviewed wich refer to two important issues. The former deals with results concerning detectors based on superconductive junctions in a configuration which provide both energy and time discrimination of single photons. The latter concerns materials and device aspects of hot‐electron photodetectors based on nanosized heterostructured superconducting strips. Both aspects offer a new potential in the field of radiation detection. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unifying clones with a generative programming technique: a case study
Authors: Jarzabek Stan , Li Shubiao 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSoftware clones—similar program structures repeated in variant forms—increase the risk of update anomalies, blow up the program size and complexity, possibly contributing to high maintenance costs. Yet, programs are often polluted by clones. In this paper, we present a case study of cloning in the Java Buffer library, JDK 1.5. We found that at least 68% of the code in the Buffer library was contained in cloned classes or class methods. Close analysis of program situations that led to cloning revealed difficulties in eliminating clones with conventional program design techniques. As a possible solution, we applied a generative technique of XVCL (XML‐based Variant Configuration Language) to represent similar classes and methods in generic, adaptable form. Concrete buffer classes could be automatically produced from the generic structures. We argue, on analytical and empirical grounds, that unifying clones reduced conceptual complexity and enhanced the changeability of the Buffer library at rates proportional to code size reduction (68%). We evaluated our solution in qualitative and quantitative ways, and conducted a controlled experiment to support this claim. The approach presented in the paper can be used to enhance genericity and changeability of any program, independently of an application domain or programming language. As the solution is not without pitfalls, we discuss trade‐offs involved in its project application. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organizational evolution of digital signal processing software development
Authors: Pantsar‐Syväniemi Susanna , Taramaa Jorma , Niemelä Eila 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA base station, as a network element, has become an increasingly software‐intensive system. Digital signal processing (DSP) software is hard real‐time software that is a part of the software system needed in a base station. This article reports practical experiences related to organizing the development of embedded software in the telecommunication industry, at Nokia Networks. The article introduces the main factors influencing the development of DSP software and also compares the evolutionary process under study with both selected organizational models for a software product line and a multistage model for the software life cycle. We believe it is vitally important to formulate the organization according to the software architecture, and it is essential to have a dedicated development organization with long‐term responsibility for the software. History shows that without long‐term responsibility, there is no software reuse. In this paper we introduce a new organizational model for product line development. This new hybrid model clarifies long‐term responsibilities in large software organizations with hundreds of staff members and formulates the organization according to the software architecture. Our case needs a couple more constraints to keep it in the evolution stage of the software life cycle. Thus, we extend the evolution phase in the multistage model to make it relevant for embedded, hard real‐time software. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guided self-assembly of lateral InAs/GaAs quantum-dot molecules for single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Wang L. , Rastelli A. , Kiravittaya S. , Songmuang R. , Schmidt O.G. , Krause B. , Metzger T.H. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We report on the growth and characterization of lateral InAs/GaAs (001) quantum-dot molecules (QDMs) suitable for single QDM optical spectroscopy. The QDMs, forming by depositing InAs on GaAs surfaces with self-assembled nanoholes, are aligned along the ["Equation missing"] direction. The relative number of isolated single quantum dots (QDs) is substantially reduced by performing the growth on GaAs surfaces containing stepped mounds. Surface morphology and X-ray measurements suggest that the strain produced by InGaAs-filled nanoholes superimposed to the strain relaxation at the step edges are responsible for the improved QDM properties. QDMs are Ga-richer compared to single QDs, consistent with strain- enhanced intermixing. The high optical quality of single QDMs is probed by micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy in samples with QDM densities lower than 108 cm−2.
Buffer layer-assisted growth of Ge nanoclusters on Si
Authors: Li A. P. , Wendelken J. F. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the buffer layer-assisted growth method, a condensed inert gas layer of xenon, with low-surface free energy, is used as a buffer to prevent direct interactions of deposited atoms with substrates. Because of␣an unusually wide applicability, the buffer layer-assisted growth method has provided a unique avenue for creation of nanostructures that are otherwise impossible to grow, and thus offered unprecedented opportunities for fundamental and applied research in nanoscale science and technology. In this article, we review recent progress in the application of the buffer layer-assisted growth method to the fabrication of Ge nanoclusters on Si substrates. In particular, we emphasize the novel configurations of the obtained Ge nanoclusters, which are characterized by the absence of a wetting layer, quasi-zero dimensionality with tunable sizes, and high cluster density in comparison with Ge nanoclusters that are formed with standard Stranski-Krastanov growth methods. The optical emission behaviors are discussed in correlation with the morphological properties.
Developmental trajectories of adolescent popularity: A growth curve modelling analysis
Authors: Cillessen Antonius H.N. , Borch Casey 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTGrowth curve modelling was used to examine developmental trajectories of sociometric and perceived popularity across eight years in adolescence, and the effects of gender, overt aggression, and relational aggression on these trajectories. Participants were 303 initially popular students (167 girls, 136 boys) for whom sociometric data were available in Grades 5–12. The popularity and aggression constructs were stable but non‐overlapping developmental dimensions. Growth curve models were run with SAS MIXED in the framework of the multilevel model for change [Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press]. Sociometric popularity showed a linear change trajectory; perceived popularity showed nonlinear change. Overt aggression predicted low sociometric popularity but an increase in perceived popularity in the second half of the study. Relational aggression predicted a decrease in sociometric popularity, especially for girls, and continued high‐perceived popularity for both genders. The effect of relational aggression on perceived popularity was the strongest around the transition from middle to high school. The importance of growth curve models for understanding adolescent social development was discussed, as well as specific issues and challenges of growth curve analyses with sociometric data.
Suicide in psychiatric in-patients in England, 1997 to 2003
Authors: KAPUR NAVNEET , HUNT ISABELLE M. , WEBB ROGER , BICKLEY HARRIET , WINDFUHR KIRSTEN , SHAW JENNY , APPLEBY LOUIS 
Published: July 2006

Background. Psychiatric in-patients are at particularly high risk of suicide but few studies have investigated trends in in-patient suicide over time.Method. We conducted a prospective study of all patients admitted to National Health Service (NHS) in-patient psychiatric care in England (1997–2003). The study was carried out as part of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide. The main outcome measure was death by suicide. Suicide rates were determined using Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) as the denominator.Results. Between the first 2 years of the study (1997 and 1998) and the last 2 years of the study (2002 and 2003) the annual number of in-patient deaths from suicide fell from 187 to 156 (a 17% reduction). The rate of in-patient suicide fell by between 9% and 28% depending on which denominator was used. This fall was observed for both males and females, and was most marked for those aged 15–44 years. Reductions were also observed for the three most common methods of death (hanging, jumping, poisoning), but the trend for hanging did not reach statistical significance. Although the number of post-discharge suicides fell, the risk of post-discharge suicide (using admissions as a denominator) may have increased by as much as 10% during the study period.Conclusion. The rate of suicide among psychiatric in-patients appears to have fallen. The fall may reflect falling general population rates, changes in in-patient case mix, service improvements, or a transfer of risk to the post-discharge period. Services need to be aware of the importance of providing high quality aftercare following discharge from hospital.
Simultaneous identification of differential gene expression and connectivity in inflammation, adipogenesis and cancer
Authors: Reverter Antonio , Ingham Aaron , Lehnert Sigrid A. , Tan Siok-Hwee , Wang Yonghong , Ratnakumar Abhirami , Dalrymple Brian P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Motivation: Biological differences between classes are reflected in transcriptional changes which in turn affect the levels by which essential genes are individually expressed and collectively connected. The purpose of this communication is to introduce an analytical procedure to simultaneously identify genes that are differentially expressed (DE) as well as differentially connected (DC) in two or more classes of interest.
Results: Our procedure is based on a two-step approach: First, mixed-model equations are applied to obtain the normalized expression levels of each gene in each class treatment. These normalized expressions form the basis to compute a measure of (possible) DE as well as the correlation structure existing among genes. Second, a two-component mixture of bi-variate distributions is fitted to identify the component that encapsulates those genes that are DE and/or DC. We demonstrate our approach using three distinct datasets including a human systemic inflammation oligonucleotide data; a spotted cDNA data dealing with bovine in vitro adipogenesis and SAGE database on cancerous and normal tissue samples.
Contact: Tony.Reverter-Gomez@csiro.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.