bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and validating a nomogram for penile cancer survival: A comprehensive study based on SEER and Chinese data
Authors: Luo Jiawen , Hu Jintao , Mulati Yelisudan , Wu Zhikai , Lai Cong , Kong Degeng , Liu Cheng , Xu Kewei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to create a nomogram for predicting survival outcomes in penile cancer patients, utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and a Chinese organization.MethodsOur study involved a cohort of 5744 patients diagnosed with penile cancer from the SEER database, spanning from 2004 to 2019. In addition, 103 patients with penile cancer from Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University were included during the same period. Based on the results of regression analysis, a nomogram is constructed and validated internally and externally. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by concordance index (c‐index), area under the curve, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve, in internal and external datasets. Finally, the prediction efficiency is compared with the TNM staging model.ResultsA total of 3154 penile patients were randomly divided into the training group and the internal validation group at a ratio of 2:1. Nine independent risk factors were identified, including age, race, marital status, tumor grade, histology, TNM stage, and the surgical approach. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to predict OS. The nomogram demonstrated relatively better consistency, predictive accuracy, and clinical relevance, with a c‐index over 0.73 (in the training cohort, the validation cohort, and externally validation cohort.) These evaluation indexes are far better than the TNM staging system.ConclusionPenile cancer, often overlooked in research, has lacked detailed investigative focus and guidelines. This study stands as the first to validate penile cancer prognosis using extensive data from the SEER database, supplemented by data from our own institution. Our findings equip surgeons with an essential tool to predict the prognosis of penile cancer better suited than TNM, thereby enhancing clinical decision‐making processes.
Impact of vessel volume on thermodilution measurements in patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction
Authors: Sakai Koshiro , Storozhenko Tatyana , Mizukami Takuya , Ohashi Hirofumi , Bouisset Frederic , Tajima Atomu , van Hoe Lieven , Gallinoro Emanuele , Botti Giulia , Mahendiran Thabo , Pardaens Sofie , Brouwers Sofie , Fawaz Samer , Keeble Thomas R. , Davies John R. , Sonck Jeroen , De Bruyne Bernard , Collet Carlos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTwo invasive methods are available to estimate microvascular resistance: bolus and continuous thermodilution. Comparative studies have revealed a lack of concordance between measurements of microvascular resistance obtained through these techniques.AimsThis study aimed to examine the influence of vessel volume on bolus thermodilution measurements.MethodsWe prospectively included patients with angina with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) undergoing bolus and continuous thermodilution assessments. All patients underwent coronary CT angiography to extract vessel volume. Coronary microvascular dysfunction was defined as coronary flow reserve (CFR) < 2.0. Measurements of absolute microvascular resistance (in Woods units) and index of microvascular resistance (IMR) were compared before and after volumetric adjustment.ResultsOverall, 94 patients with ANOCA were included in this study. The mean age was 64.7 ± 10.8 years, 48% were female, and 19% had diabetes. The prevalence of CMD was 16% based on bolus thermodilution, while continuous thermodilution yielded a prevalence of 27% (Cohen's Kappa 0.44, 95% CI 0.23–0.65). There was no correlation in microvascular resistance between techniques (r = 0.17, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.36, p = 0.104). The adjustment of IMR by vessel volume significantly increased the agreement with absolute microvascular resistance derived from continuous thermodilution (r = 0.48, 95% CI 0.31–0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with ANOCA, invasive methods based on coronary thermodilution yielded conflicting results for the assessment of CMD. Adjusting IMR with vessel volume improved the agreement with continuous thermodilution for the assessment of microvascular resistance. These findings strongly suggest the importance of considering vessel volume when interpreting bolus thermodilution assessment.
Iron deficiency‐induced thrombocytosis presenting with blue toe syndrome
Authors: Aboujabal Khaled , Sadek Khaled , Obaid Koutaibah , Sawaf Bisher , Habas Elmukhtar , Habib Mhd Baraa 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageAlthough the etiology of blue toe syndrome is varied, the association between blue toe syndrome and iron deficiency‐induced thrombocytosis (IDIT) has not been well established. We report the case of a 38‐year‐old Saudi male who presented with blue toe syndrome and laboratory investigations revealed severe thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency. The patient was managed with analgesics, antiplatelets, anticoagulation, intravenous fluids, and iron supplementation. Subsequently, his symptoms resolved within a few days. IDIT is crucial to consider as a possible cause of microvascular thrombosis disorders, especially in patients with severe thrombocytosis.
Weed control and rice response to microencapsulated acetochlor and a fenclorim seed treatment on a clay soil
Authors: Avent Tristen H. , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated the ability of a fenclorim seed treatment to reduce rice (Oryza sativa L.) injury to acetochlor. However, all studies were conducted on silt loam soils and have not evaluated rice tolerance or weed control on clay soils. Experiments were initiated in 2021 and 2022 at the Northeast Research and Extension Center near Keiser, AR, to determine rice response and the effectiveness of delayed‐preemergence (DPRE)‐applied microencapsulated (ME) acetochlor (1.1, 1.7, and 2.3 lb ai acre−1) when applied to a clay soil with and without a fenclorim seed treatment at 0 or 2.5 lb ai 1000‐lb−1 of seed. Averaged over the fenclorim seed treatment, acetochlor at 1.1 and 1.7 lb ai acre−1 caused similar injury levels to rice; however, barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) P. Beauv.] control increased at 1.7 lb ai acre−1, eliciting 19% injury to rice and 82% barnyardgrass control at 28 days after emergence (DAE). Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) control ranged from 82% to 93%. Additionally, fenclorim did not influence barnyardgrass or Palmer amaranth control, but it did reduce rice injury and increase shoot density, plant height, and rough rice grain yield. At 14 and 28 DAE, fenclorim at 2.5 lb ai 1000‐lb−1 of seed (averaged over acetochlor rates) reduced visible rice injury from 61% to 13% and 40% to 8%, respectively. Results from this study indicate ME acetochlor could be successfully applied to rice grown on a clay soil when a fenclorim seed treatment is used, providing producers a new site of action for use in U.S. rice production.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Thiosulfonates and 3‐Sulfenylindoles from Sodium Sulfinates in Water
Authors: Li Shaoke , Huang Zijun , Wang Xin , Yingxiong Hui , Niu Guohao , Chen Ziyan , Zhang Zhenlei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a green and efficient aqueous‐phase method for the synthesis of thiosulfonates, which has the benefits of no need for catalysts or redox reagents and a short reaction time, providing a method with great economic value for synthesizing thiosulfonates. Furthermore, 3‐Sulfenylindoles can be easily synthesized using this method, which expands the potential applications of this reaction.
Study on the evolutionary characteristics of strain energy on crack propagation in coal and rock under bending load
Authors: Zhang Yueying , Zhang Dongxiao , Gong Xufei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe failure of coal mine overburden is mainly caused by fractures under bending loads. The energy evolution characteristics of coal and rock fractures are closely related to coal mine disasters such as rock burst. To obtain the characteristics of energy release and accumulation of coal and rock under bending load, three‐point bending tests of coal, mudstone, and sandstone were carried out respectively. The strength characteristics and fracture propagation process of coal and rock under bending load were studied. The strain energy evolution rules of coal and rock were calculated and obtained. The fracture mechanism of coal and rock was discussed by analyzing the critical strain energy release rate. The results show that the fracture complexity of sandstone and mudstone is greater than that of coal. The microstructure and its directivity in coal and rock indirectly affect their fracture characteristics through the elastic modulus characteristics. The distribution of parameters such as peak load of fracture, fracture energy, and crack length of coal and mudstone samples is discrete, while that of sandstone samples is concentrated. The deformation energy density of coal and rock basically shows a linear increase trend at the prepeak stage. The deformation energy density evolution characteristics at the postpeak stage are mainly affected by the load drop. It is important to establish the internal relationship between the meso structural characteristics and macro mechanical properties for solving engineering problems.
Total Synthesis of Core 3 & Core 4‐Type Mucin Glycan Derivatives
Authors: Cori Carmen R. , Hevey Rachel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated the ability of mucin O‐glycans to attenuate virulence in diverse, cross‐kingdom pathogens, sparking interest in their development as a novel therapeutic approach against infection. Although their virulence attenuating activity is evident, mucin glycans obtained from native sources comprise mixtures of several hundred distinct structures, and therefore the specific active glycan epitopes and molecular mechanisms of virulence attenuation remain unclear. Individual mucin glycan structures cannot be purified from native sources and are not amenable to automated synthesis; therefore, to further investigate the phenomena of virulence attenuation we have been developing convergent and scalable methods (>30 mg per target glycan) to assemble a mucin O‐glycan library in sufficient scale and purity to facilitate biological studies. Previously we described a method to obtain core 1 & core 2‐type mucin glycan derivatives that have since been used to identify active epitopes in Candida albicans and Vibrio cholerae. In the current study, we describe the expansion of our glycan library to include core 3 & core 4‐type derivatives, increasing the structural diversity of our platform for biological evaluation.
Community engagement and social participation in dengue prevention: A cross‐sectional study in Dhaka City
Authors: Hossain Md Jubayer , Das Manisha , Islam Md Wahidul , Shahjahan Muhibullah , Ferdous Jannatul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDengue is a major public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess the perceptions and practices of community members in Dhaka regarding community engagement and social participation for dengue prevention.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was conducted in Dhaka City from May 2022 to December 2022. The respondents were randomly selected. The association between community participation and prevention practices was tested using the χ2 test.ResultsThe findings of this study indicate that the majority of participants (92%) believed that community effort would be relied upon in the event of a dengue outbreak. Environmental cleaning campaigns were the preferred approach, and religious leaders viewed them positively. This study also revealed significant variations in knowledge levels, with those involved in community efforts and mass gatherings demonstrating greater knowledge. This study sheds light on the demographic factors that influence dengue knowledge and provides valuable insights into the development of targeted public health interventions.ConclusionThe study revealed negative perceptions and limited participation in dengue prevention among participants, with the majority demonstrating a poor understanding of preventive measures. While some showed positive attitudes towards community engagement, significant disparities existed in participation, highlighting the need for targeted educational campaigns and enhanced community mobilization efforts. Moreover, the importance of multisectoral collaboration is emphasized, underscoring the need for coordinated efforts among health departments, NGOs, religious institutions, and community leaders to effectively combat dengue transmission. Recommendations include ongoing educational initiatives, targeted interventions to promote community involvement, and fostering collaboration across sectors to strengthen dengue prevention efforts and to safeguard public health.
Observations of reduced ET and persistent elevated water table beneath a riparian forest gap following emerald ash borer invasion and tree mortality
Authors: Krzemien Sarah , Robertson Wendy M. , Engelken Patrick J. , McCullough Deborah G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), an invasive, phloem‐feeding beetle native to Asia, has killed millions of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in North America since it was detected in southeast Michigan in 2002. Consistently high mortality of black ash (Fraxinus nigra) and green ash (F. pennsylvanica) which often occur in riparian forests is a concern given their role in regulating soil moisture and shallow groundwater levels. We monitored and compared hydrologic processes in a riparian forest impacted by EAB invasion and an adjacent unimpacted riparian forest site in southwest Michigan. From 2018 to 2022, we recorded soil moisture, depth to groundwater and meteorological variables at 15‐min intervals throughout the growing season in a canopy gap following EAB‐caused ash mortality and in adjacent, unaffected forest in the Augusta Creek riparian zone. Groundwater contributions to evapotranspiration (ETG) were estimated using a groundwater level fluctuation (WLF) method. Significant differences in volumetric soil moisture content (16%–26% higher in the gap than forest), average depth to water (10 cm in the gap vs. 70 cm below land surface in the forest) and mean daily ETG (0.6 in the gap vs. 3.0 mm per day in the forest) persisted across four growing seasons. Within the gap, prolonged saturation of the near surface may be contributing to a shift from a forested riparian ecosystem to herb and sedge‐dominated wetland. These differences have implications for an array of riparian zone ecosystem services, a concern given the extent of ash mortality already sustained in much of eastern North America.
Time‐specific impact of trace metals on breast density of adolescent girls in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Kim Claire E. , Pereira Ana , Binder Alexandra M. , Amarasiriwardena Chitra , Shepherd John A. , Corvalan Camila , Michels Karin B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhether trace metals modify breast density, the strongest predictor for breast cancer, during critical developmental stages such as puberty remains understudied. Our study prospectively evaluated the association between trace metals at Tanner breast stage B1 (n = 291) and at stages both B1 and B4 (n = 253) and breast density at 2 years post‐menarche among Chilean girls from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. Dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry assessed the volume of dense breast tissue (absolute fibroglandular volume [FGV]) and percent breast density (%FGV). Urine trace metals included arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, selenium, tin, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. At B1, a doubling of thallium concentration resulted in 13.69 cm3 increase in absolute FGV (β: 13.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.81, 24.52), while a doubling of lead concentration resulted in a 7.76 cm3 decrease in absolute FGV (β: –7.76, 95%CI: −14.71, −0.73). At B4, a doubling of barium concentration was associated with a 10.06 cm3 increase (β: 10.06, 95% CI: 1.44, 18.60), copper concentration with a 12.29 cm3 increase (β: 12.29, 95% CI: 2.78, 21.56), lead concentration with a 9.86 cm3 increase (β: 9.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 18.98), antimony concentration with a 12.97 cm3 increase (β: 12.97, 95% CI: 1.98, 23.79) and vanadium concentration with a 13.14 cm3 increase in absolute FGV (β: 13.14, 95% CI: 2.73, 23.58). Trace metals may affect pubertal breast density at varying developmental stages with implications for increased susceptibility for breast cancer.
Trends in the incidence of colorectal cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa: A population‐based registry study
Authors: Moen Laura , Liu Biying , Bukirwa Phiona , Chingonzoh Tatenda , Chokunonga Eric , Finesse Anne , Korir Ann , Lamin Bojang , Lorenzoni Cesaltina Ferreira , Manraj Shyam S. , N'Da Guy , Odzebe Anani Wencesl Severin , Ogunbiyi Olufemi , Somdyala Nontuthuzelo I. M. , Packzowski Magdalena , Parkin Donald M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn sub‐Saharan Africa, colorectal cancer (CRC) has historically been considered a rare disease, although some previous studies have suggested that the incidence is increasing. We examine time trends in the incidence of CRC using data from 12 population‐based cancer registries in 11 countries of sub‐Saharan Africa that were able to provide time series data for periods of 12 or more years, or with earlier data with which recent rates may be compared. Age‐standardized incidence rates were highest in the higher‐income countries, and were increasing in all of the populations studied, and these increases were statistically significant in all but three. Current evidence has suggested a link between the increased adoption of western lifestyle habits with colorectal cancer, and along with increasing urbanization of African populations, there is an increase in body weight, as well as evidence of increasing consumption of meat, sugars, and alcohol.
Ammonia measurement in human breath of subjects with Helicobacter pylori using photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Popa Cristina , Petrus Mioara , Bratu Ana Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a type of bacteria that infects the stomach. The detection of H. pylori is an essential part of current clinical practices because this disease can cause peptic ulcers, chronic inflammation of the stomach lining but also stomach cancer. Helicobacter pylori has a naturally occurring enzyme that hydrolyzes urea into ammonium carbonate called urease. Many methods exist for the detection of H. pylori infection, but an innovative approach is to detect the ammonia in the breath (ABT, Ammonia Breath Test). In this research study, using photoacoustic spectroscopy method, the ammonia concentration in the breathing zone of people with H. pylori were measured and were compared with ammonia concentration from the respiration of healthy people. From the ABT determinations of this study, the ammonia was established to be increased with 498 ppb at people with H. pylori when we compare with ABT of healthy people.
Discovering trends in the Lewis acidity of beryllium and magnesium hydrides and fluorides with increasing clusters size
Authors: Mó Otilia , Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Yáñez Manuel , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe have reported in the last years the strong effect that Be‐ and Mg‐containing Lewis acids have on the intrinsic properties of typical bases, which become acids upon complexation. In an effort to investigate these changes when the Be and Mg derivatives form clusters of increasing size, we have examined the behavior of the (MX2)n (M = Be, Mg; X = H, F; n = 1, 2, 3) clusters when they interact with ammonia, methanimine, hydrogen cyanide and pyridine, and with their corresponding deprotonated forms. The complexes obtained at the M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level were analyzed using the MBIE energy decomposition formalism, in parallel with QTAIM, ELF, NCIPLOT and AdNDP analyses of their electron density. For n = 1 the interaction enthalpy for the different families of monomers, Be (Mg) hydrides and Be (Mg) fluorides, follows the same trend as the intrinsic basicity of the base that interacts with them. This interaction is greatly reinforced after the deprotonation of the base, resulting in a significant enhancement of the intrinsic acidity of the corresponding MX2–Base complex. For (MX2)2 clusters a further reinforcement of the interaction with the base is observed, this reinforcement being again larger for the deprotonated complexes. However, the concomitant increase of their intrinsic acidity is one order of magnitude larger for hydrides than for fluorides. Unexpectedly, the cyclic conformers (MX2)3, which are more unstable than the linear ones, become the global minima after association with the base and the same is true for the deprotonated complex. Accordingly, a further increase of the intrinsic acidity of the (MX2)3–Base complexes with respect to the (MX2)2–Base ones is observed. This effect is maximum for (MgF2)3 clusters, to the point that the (MgF2)3–Base complexes become more acidic than nitric acid, the extreme case being the cluster (MgF2)3–NCH, whose acidity is higher than that of perchloric acid.
A qualitative study of military service members undergoing medical separation
Authors: Lee‐Tauler Su Yeon , LaCroix Jessica M. , Huppert Tierney K. , Winters Amber M. , Stivers Max , Arellano‐Euribe A. Penelope , Grammer Joseph , Cobb Erin , Alvarado Kathryn J. , Boyd David , Patterson Lee E. , Golle Mario F. , Ghahramanlou‐Holloway Marjan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveLittle research explores military perspectives on medical disability‐related transition. A qualitative study sought to understand transition experiences of United States military Service members found unfit for duty following medical and physical evaluation boards (MEBs and PEBs).MethodsConfidential telephone interviews were conducted with 25 current and prior Service members. Participants were asked to share their experiences before, during, and after the MEB and PEB processes. Interview questions explored (1) health conditions that prompted the medical disability evaluation, (2) reactions to being recommended for separation, (3) transition‐related stress and challenges, and (4) coping strategies. Salient themes were identified across chronological narratives.ResultsParticipants expressed that debilitating physical (e.g., injury) and/or mental (e.g., post‐traumatic stress disorder) illnesses prompted their medical evaluation. In response to the unfit for duty notice, some participants reported emotional distress (e.g., anxiety, anger) connected to uncertainty about the future. Other participants reported relief connected to a sense of progression toward their medical disability claim status. Transition stress included the length of the MEB/PEB process, impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the process, financial stress, impact on family life, and compounded effect of these stressors on emotional distress, including depression and suicidal thoughts. Participants reported using adaptive (e.g., psychotherapy) and maladaptive (e.g., excessive drinking) strategies to cope with stress.ConclusionPreliminary reports of emotional distress and transition stress following unfit for duty notices highlight the need for increased support and interventions to facilitate adaptive coping strategies during this vulnerable period.