bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of monolithological breccia deposits in supradetachment basins, Whipple Mountains, California
Authors: Forshee E. J. , Yin A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExtensive sheets of monolithological breccia (megabreccia) within detachment‐fault systems of the North American Cordillera have been identified as large landslides. Although the origin of the megabreccia deposits is controversial, their spatial and temporal association with detachment‐fault systems implies a causal relationship between the initiation of such landslides and motion along detachment faults. Emplacement may have been catastrophic following seismic activity, or slow, as the result of gravity gliding. Nevertheless, comprehensive analysis of these deposits provides important constraints on the evolution of supradetachment basins by detailing the unroofing history, palaeotopography and palaeoseismicity of detachment‐fault systems. An extensive Miocene landslide deposit, the War Eagle landslide, in the north‐eastern Whipple Mountains, provides an opportunity for such an endeavour to elucidate: (1) the cause and timing of its initiation; (2) mechanism for its emplacement; (3) nature of the apparent association of the landslide with detachment‐fault development; and (4) role of the megabreccia in the development of supradetachment basins. Cross‐sections were drawn through the deposit to determine the geometry and kinematic development of the landslide. Additionally, a simple mechanical model based on limit equilibrium force balance was designed to explore physical mechanisms that controlled its creation. The results of this model combined with field relationships suggest that the Whipple detachment fault was active at an angle of less than 30° with displacement most likely accompanied by the release of seismic energy. Continued extensional evolution of the Whipple detachment fault caused tilting of the upper‐plate strata and the formation of numerous half and full grabens as well as roll‐over structures. Rocks from the lower plate were brought to the surface during the later stages of detachment‐fault activity thereby producing sufficient topographic relief for large landslides to be seismically activated. Increased pore‐fluid pressure in the footwall subjacent to the Whipple detachment fault probably aided landslide initiation. The landslide was emplaced onto the upper plate of the detachment fault, providing a significant amount of material into the evolving supradetachment basin. Although the rate of emplacement of the megabreccia remains uncertain, penetrative fracturing throughout the breccia sheet is evidence that emplacement occurred catastrophically. The results of this study indicate that Tertiary megabreccias were emplaced during continued detachment‐fault evolution, implying oversteepened topography and seismicity of these low‐angle systems.
Thermally subsiding basins and the insulating effect of sediment with application to the Cambro‐Ordovician Great Basin sequence, western USA
Authors: Kominz MICHELLE 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTectonic subsidence of thermally generated basins is sensitive to the insulating effect of sediment. Compacting sediment reduces thermal subsidence, increases apparent stretching factors and reduces uncertainty in estimates of the breakup age. The transient effect of sediment insulation on the shape of the subsidence curve is considered by comparing model results with an exponential fit from 16 to 144 Myr after breakup. Misfits are dependent on the model parameters used, the degree of stretching, the degree of sediment compaction and the bottom boundary condition used in modelling. The magnitude of the misfit ranges up to 90 m (uncorrected for eustatic loading). These effects may alter the interpretation of backstripping results. Application to a data set from the Cambro‐Ordovician miogeocline of the Great Basin, western USA, increases apparent stretching factors and reduces uncertainty in the predicted earliest Cambrian breakup age. In this case the misfits to exponential subsidence are quite large (≅300 m) so that correction for the insulating effect of sediment does not eliminate a probable eustatic signal consistent with the Sauk sequence. If a eustatic signal is assumed, correction for model error suggests that the thermal parameters used are an improvement over those previously adopted and that the base of the lithosphere thins as sediments are added at the surface.
Transform‐normal extension on the Northern Death Valley fault system, California‐Nevada
Authors: Applegate DAVID 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Northern Death Valley fault zone is a major right‐lateral structure that has accommodated 70 km or more of regional transtensional deformation in Tertiary to Recent time. Extension parallel to its north‐west transport direction in the Death Valley region of California has produced ‘pull‐apart’ structures that are responsible for opening the central Death Valley rhombochasm. In several ranges along the length of the Northern Death Valley fault zone, there is also evidence for extension directed to the south‐west, normal to strike‐slip movement. Evidence from the Funeral, Grapevine and Cottonwood Mountains suggests that a significant amount of down‐dip slip has occurred on the Northern Death Valley fault zone and parallel structures (together referred to as the Northern Death Valley fault system) coeval with the majority of right‐lateral slip and transform‐parallel extension. As a result of both these components of extension, a separate basin opened in northern Death Valley with an orientation and architecture very different from that of central Death Valley. In addition, the Northern Death Valley fault system may be responsible for the present topography of the Funeral and Grapevine Mountains. Transform‐normal extension appears to be the result of a misorientation of the Northern Death Valley fault zone within the regional stress field over the past 6 Myr, as suggested by simple geometric calculations.
Ottar Basin, SW Barents Sea: a major Upper Palaeozoic rift basin containing large volumes of deeply buried salt
Authors: Breivik Asbjørn Johan , Gudlaugsson Steinar Thor , Faleide Jan Inge 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSeismic mapping and gravity modelling of the Ottar Basin ‐ a little studied Upper Palaeozoic graben in the south‐western Barents Sea ‐ demonstrates the presence of a major rift basin with large accumulations of unmobilized salt. Buried beneath thick, flat‐lying Mesozoic strata, the NE‐trending fault‐bounded basin is at least 170 km long, varies in width between 50 and 80 km and coincides with a negative gravity anomaly of more than — 10 mgal. Seismic observations show that the south‐western part is a half‐graben tilted to the north‐west whereas the north‐eastern part appears to be more symmetric in shape. A large mass deficiency in the north‐eastern part of the basin, indicated by a gravity anomaly of more than — 30 mgal, makes it necessary to postulate large amounts of salt within the basin. The preferred gravity model shows a total basin depth of 9.5 km, basin relief of 4.2 km and a salt volume of 6800 km3 corresponding to a 2.4‐km‐thick salt layer. Similar basin depths, but only 500–600 km3 of salt, are indicated beneath the Samson Dome in the south‐western part of the basin. Unlike salt bodies in other Barents Sea basins, the thick salt deposit in the north‐eastern part of the Ottar Basin is relatively unaffected by halokinesis. Interfingering of different basin facies, lack of tectonic reactivation of the basin and a relatively late differential loading by protruding cover strata probably explain these differences in development. The large size and voluminous salt deposits establish the Ottar Basin as one of the major Barents Sea evaporite basins and an important structural component of the Upper Palaeozoic rift system.
Constitutive activity in chimeras and deletions localize sensory rhodopsin II/HtrII signal relay to the membrane‐inserted domain
Authors: Sasaki Jun , Nara Toshifumi , Spudich Elena N. , Spudich John L. 
Published: November 2007

Summary Halobacterium salinarum sensory rhodopsin II (HsSRII) is a phototaxis receptor for blue‐light avoidance that relays signals to its tightly bound transducer HsHtrII (H. salinarum haloarchaeal transducer for SRII). We found that disruption of the salt bridge between the protonated Schiff base of the receptor's retinylidene chromophore and its counterion Asp73 by residue substitutions D73A, N or Q constitutively activates HsSRII, whereas the corresponding Asp75 counterion substitutions do not constitutively activate Natronomonas pharaonis SRII (NpSRII) when complexed with N. pharaonis haloarchaeal transducer for SRII (NpHtrII). However, NpSRIID75Q in complex with HsHtrII is fully constitutively active, showing that transducer sensitivity to the receptor signal contributes to the phenotype. The swimming behaviour of cells expressing chimeras exchanging portions of the two homologous transducers localizes their differing sensitivities to the HtrII transmembrane domains. Furthermore, deletion constructs show that the known contact region in the cytoplasmic domain of the NpSRII–NpHtrII complex is not required for phototaxis, excluding the domain as a site for signal transmission. These results distinguish between the prevailing models for SRII–HtrII signal relay, strongly supporting the ‘steric trigger‐transmembrane relay model’, which proposes that retinal isomerization directly signals HtrII through the mid‐membrane SRII–HtrII interface, and refuting alternative models that propose signal relay in the cytoplasmic membrane‐proximal domain.
Erythrodermic cutaneous T cell lymphoma with hypereosinophilic syndrome: Treatment with interferon alfa and extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Lee Catherine H. , Mamelak Adam J. , Vonderheid Eric C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a sustained eosinophilia leading to end organ dysfunction. The lymphoproliferative variant of HES is thought to be mediated by an underlying hematologic process that drives eosinophil production through specific cytokines. Eosinophilia is also recognized as a poor prognostic factor in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) in which neoplastic T cells may produce eosinophilopoietic cytokines.Objective  We report a case of HES with cardiac involvement that developed in the context of erythrodermic mycosis fungoides, discuss the possible relationship between these diseases, and speculate on the role that eosinophils might play as a prognostic factor in CTCL.Methods  Case report and review of the literature.Results  CTCL may be added to the group of lymphoproliferative disorders associated with HES.Conclusion  A patient with erythroderma and concomitant diagnosis of “idiopathic” HES may warrant further investigation for CTCL.
Photodynamic therapy with 20% aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts in an Asian population
Authors: Wang Yi Shi , Tay Yong Kwang , Kwok Colin , Tan Eileen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the principle of targeted tissue destruction using selective photosensitization via a topical porphyrin precursor, followed by light exposure. It is well established for the treatment of actinic keratoses and superficial nonmelanoma skin cancers. Some studies have reported good efficacy when using PDT to treat viral warts in the Western population.Methods  We carried out a prospective, single‐arm, phase II study of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA)‐PDT in the treatment of recalcitrant viral warts in an Asian population. Recalcitrant viral warts were surgically pared, and then treated with 20% 5‐ALA cream (Medac, Hamburg, Germany) under occlusion for 4 hours before irradiation with a red light source (Waldmann PDT1200; wavelength, 590–700 nm) at an irradiance of 50 mW/cm2 and a total dose of 50 J/cm2. PDT was repeated fortnightly for a maximum of four times.Results  Twelve adult Asian patients were enrolled into the study (10 males, two females). The mean age of the patients was 32.8 years (range, 18–70 years). They had skin phototypes III–IV. Nine patients had plantar warts and three patients had hand warts (two had warts on the fingers, one had a wart on the palm). Five patients (42%) showed complete disappearance of their warts, one patient (8%) showed partial clearance (greater than 50% decrease in the wart area), five patients (42%) had stable disease (less than 50% decrease in the wart area), and one (8%) showed progressive disease (increase in the wart area). Adverse effects included mild to moderate pain and erythema, which lasted no longer than 48 hours and was well tolerated by all patients. None of the patients withdrew from the study because of side‐effects.Conclusion  5‐ALA‐PDT, given its noninvasiveness, minimal adverse effects, and good cosmetic results, is a promising alternative treatment for recalcitrant viral warts. Further studies with a larger cohort of patients would be of value.
Correlations between the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway and basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lupi Omar 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Hedgehog (HH) family of intercellular signaling proteins has some essential functions in patterning both invertebrate and vertebrate embryos. Identified as an important regulator of segment polarity and tissue organization in flies, the HH pathway can also play a significant role in human development and in cutaneous carcinogenesis. The family received their name because when the D. melanogaster HH protein malfunctions the mutant fly ends up looking like a small prickly ball, similar to a curled up hedgehog.The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is implicated in the etiology of the most common human cancer, the basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Mutations in the receptor of SHH, the patched gene (PTCH), have been characterized in sporadic BCCs as well as those from patients with the rare genetic syndrome nevoid BCC. Human PTCH is mutated in sporadic as well as hereditary BCCs, and inactivation of this gene is probably a necessary if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis. Delineation of the biochemical pathway in which PTCH functions may lead to rational medical therapy for skin cancer and possibly other tumors.
Early age at onset of bipolar disorder is associated with more severe clinical features but delayed treatment seeking
Authors: Suominen Kirsi , Mantere Outi , Valtonen Hanna , Arvilommi Petri , Leppämäki Sami , Paunio Tiina , Isometsä Erkki 
Published: November 2007

Objective:  Our aim was to obtain a comprehensive view of differences between bipolar disorder (BD) patients with onset at early versus adult age in a representative study cohort.Methods:  In the Jorvi Bipolar Study (JoBS), 1,630 psychiatric in‐ and outpatients were systematically screened for BD using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). A total of 191 bipolar I and II patients with a current DSM‐IV episode were interviewed to obtain information about age at onset of mood symptoms, clinical course, treatment, comorbidity, and functional status. The patients were classified as either early onset (<18 years) or adult onset.Results:  One‐third of subjects with BD (58/191, 30%) had early onset. This was associated with female gender, more lifetime psychotic symptoms, greater overall comorbidity, and a greater length of time from first episode to treatment.Conclusions:  Although BD patients with early age at onset have more severe clinical features and illness course, the delays from first episode to treatment and to correct diagnosis are longer than for those with adult onset disorder. To reduce morbidity rates related to the most severe forms of BD, the recognition and diagnosis of BD during adolescence needs to be improved.
Bipolar obsessive‐compulsive disorder and personality disorders
Authors: Maina Giuseppe , Albert Umberto , Pessina Enrico , Bogetto Filippo 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  Relatively few systematic data exist on the clinical impact of bipolar comorbidity in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and no studies have investigated the influence of such a comorbidity on the prevalence and pattern of Axis II comorbidity. The aim of the present study was to explore the comorbidity of personality disorders in a group of patients with OCD and comorbid bipolar disorder (BD).Methods:  The sample consisted of 204 subjects with a principal diagnosis of OCD (DSM‐IV) and a Yale‐Brown Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS) score ≥16 recruited from all patients consecutively referred to the Anxiety and Mood Disorders Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin over a period of 5 years (January 1998–December 2002). Diagnostic evaluation and Axis I comorbidities were collected by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders (SCID‐I). Personality status was assessed by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis II Disorders (SCID‐II). Socio‐demographic and clinical features (including Axis II comorbidities) were compared between OCD patients with and without a lifetime comorbidity of BD.Results:  A total of 21 patients with OCD (10.3%) met DSM‐IV criteria for a lifetime BD diagnosis: 4 (2.0%) with BD type I and 17 (8.3%) with BD type II. Those without a BD diagnosis showed significantly higher rates of male gender, sexual and hoarding obsessions, repeating compulsions and lifetime comorbid substance use disorders, when compared with patients with BD/OCD. With regard to personality disorders, those with BD/OCD showed higher prevalence rates of Cluster A (42.9% versus 21.3%; p = 0.027) and Cluster B (57.1% versus 29.0%; p = 0.009) personality disorders. Narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders were more frequent in BD/OCD.Conclusions:  Our results point towards clinically relevant effects of comorbid BD on the personality profiles of OCD patients, with higher rates of narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders in BD/OCD patients.
Creatine monohydrate in resistant depression: a preliminary study
Authors: Roitman Suzana , Green Tamar , Osher Yamima , Karni Nathan , Levine Joseph 
Published: November 2007

Objectives: Creatine plays a pivotal role in brain energy homeostasis, and altered cerebral energy metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Oral creatine supplementation may modify brain high‐energy phosphate metabolism in depressed subjects.Methods: Eight unipolar and two bipolar patients with treatment‐resistant depression were treated for four weeks with 3–5 g/day of creatine monohydrate in an open add‐on design. Outcome measures were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and Clinical Global Impression scores, recorded at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4.Results: One patient improved considerably after one week and withdrew. Both bipolar patients developed hypomania/mania. For the remaining seven patients, all scale scores significantly improved. Adverse reactions were mild and transitory.Conclusions: This small, preliminary, open study of creatine monohydrate suggests a beneficial effect of creatine augmentation in unipolar depression, but possible precipitation of a manic switch in bipolar depression.
Negotiating critical, postcritical literacy: the problematic of text analysis
Authors: Iyer Radha 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCritical literacy has been a particular focus in literacy education in the past two decades. Literacy models such as the ‘four resources’ model provide a significant framework for a critical understanding of texts and the social and cultural practices that inform them. In this paper, I draw on the ‘four resources’ model to argue that the success of the framework in developing critical literacy depends upon focusing adequate analytic attention on those subjectivities used in such practices. The intersubjective classroom dynamics and the subjective engagement of literacy practitioners are of equal importance in determining the meanings co‐constructed among subjects. I argue that beyond being text analysts, reflective practitioners, that is the teacher, and students as a group, can engage in postcritical negotiations of the text, contribute to new meaning possibilities and adopt an ongoing critical stance. Applying this literacy model successfully requires acceptance of a multiplicity of interpretations, collaborative practice between teachers and students and fluid subject positions. The paper concludes by considering the problematic of the classroom as a dynamic site for textual and cultural contestation of multiple perspectives.
What do effective teachers of literacy do? Subject knowledge and pedagogical choices for literacy
Authors: Flynn Naomi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article explores the fine detail of practice by three teachers, all recognised as effective teachers of literacy. The three were observed during nine literacy lessons (three lessons each), working with Year 2 classes (6/7‐year‐olds) in successful inner‐city primary schools in the south of England. Data collection took place in 2003, just as their schools were moving away from the close early prescription of the National Literacy Strategy (NLS). Follow‐up visits were made in 2005. My initial interest had been in what these three teachers did with the NLS in order to motivate pupils and ensure high pupil attainment. Following observations, interviews and coding of teacher–pupil interaction, it became clear that The NLS Framework for Teaching was not the driver of their success but a valuable vehicle for subtle and intuitive teacher behaviours that grew from a detailed understanding of how children develop as readers and writers. Implications for training student teachers to marry theoretical understanding with the expectations of a prescribed curriculum for literacy are discussed.
Regression Analysis Based on Semicompeting Risks Data
Authors: Hsieh Jin-Jian , Wang Weijing , Adam Ding A. 
Published: November 2007

SummarySemicompeting risks data are commonly seen in biomedical applications in which a terminal event censors a non-terminal event. Possible dependent censoring complicates statistical analysis. We consider regression analysis based on a non-terminal event, say disease progression, which is subject to censoring by death. The methodology proposed is developed for discrete covariates under two types of assumption. First, separate copula models are assumed for each covariate group and then a flexible regression model is imposed on the progression time which is of major interest. Model checking procedures are also proposed to help to choose a best-fitted model. Under a two-sample setting, Lin and co-workers proposed a competing method which requires an additional marginal assumption on the terminal event and implicitly assumes that the dependence structures in the two groups are the same. Using simulations, we compare the two approaches on the basis of their finite sample performances and robustness properties under model misspecification. The method proposed is applied to a bone marrow transplant data set.