bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regenerative medicine and developmental biology: The role of the extracellular matrix
Authors: Badylak Stephen F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe principles and ultimate goals of regenerative medicine and developmental biology involve a complex sequence of events, culminating in the formation of structurally and functionally normal tissues and organs. The molecular composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in cellular migration and differentiation events. Mammalian ECM, derived from various tissues and organs, has been used as a biologic scaffold for therapeutic regenerative applications. Hundreds of thousands of human patients have benefited from the use of biologic scaffolds composed of naturally occurring ECM. The mechanisms by which ECM induces constructive remodeling instead of scar tissue formation are only beginning to be understood. This article reviews composition of mammalian ECM, its poorly understood role in developmental biology, and the clinical applications that have resulted from the use of this naturally occurring scaffold. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 287B:36–41, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limb regeneration in higher vertebrates: Developing a roadmap
Authors: Han Manjong , Yang Xiaodong , Taylor Gail , Burdsal Carol A. , Anderson Rosalie A. , Muneoka Ken 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe review what is known about amphibian limb regeneration from the prospective of developing strategies for the induction of regeneration in adult mammals. Prominent in urodele amphibian limb regeneration is the formation of a blastema of undifferentiated cells that goes on to reform the limb. The blastema shares many properties with the developing limb bud; thus, the outgrowth phase of regeneration can be thought of as cells going through development again, i.e., redevelopment. Getting to a redevelopment phase in mammals would be a major breakthrough given our extensive understanding of limb development. The formation of the blastema itself represents a transition phase in which limb cells respond to injury by dedifferentiating to become embryonic limb progenitor cells that can undergo redevelopment. During this phase, rapid wound closure is followed by the dedifferentiation of limb cells to form the blastema. Thus, the regeneration process can be divided into a wound‐healing/dedifferentiation phase and a redevelopment phase, and we propose that the interface between the wound‐healing response and gaining access to developmentally regulated programs (dedifferentiation) lies at the heart of the regeneration problem in mammals. In urodele amphibians, dedifferentiation can occur in all of the tissues of the limb; however, numerous studies lead us to focus on the epidermis, the dermis, and muscle as key regulators of regeneration. Among higher vertebrates, the digit tip in mammals, including humans, is regeneration‐competent and offers a unique mammalian model for regeneration. Recent genetic studies in mice identify the Msx1 gene as playing a critical role in the injury response leading to digit tip regeneration. The results from regeneration studies ranging from amphibians to mammals can be integrated to develop a roadmap for mammalian regeneration that has as its focus understanding the phenomenon of dedifferentiation. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 287B:14–24, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye on regeneration
Authors: Call Mindy K. , Grogg Matthew W. , Tsonis Panagiotis A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractLens regeneration in newts is a remarkable process, whereby a lost tissue is replaced by transdifferentiation of adult tissues that only a few organisms possess. In this review, we will touch on the approaches being used to study this phenomenon, recent advances in the field of lens regeneration, similarities and differences between development and regeneration, as well as the potential role stem cells may play in understanding this process. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 287B:42–48, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die rot‐goldenen Schuhe: Weihnachtsmärchen
Authors: Schnepf Eberhard 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDer Blick durch ein Mikroskop zeigt, wie phantastisch die Wirklichkeit ist. Man kann jedoch nicht nur reale Dinge sehen, sondern auch in neue, eigenartige Welten eintauchen – Welten mit leuchtenden Würmern, Rüsselwachhunden und Tänzerinnen. Unser Autor hat die folgende Geschichte für seine Enkelkinder geschrieben und einige seiner schönsten Aufnahmen genutzt, um das mikroskopische Abenteuer passend zu illustrieren. Das Weihnachtsmärchen eignet sich zum Schmökern ebenso wie zum Vorlesen – vor allem, wenn junge Zuhörer die Zaubersprüche mitsprechen. In den Legenden finden Sie Angaben über die echten Objekte und die Vergrößerungen, die zu den Aufnahmen führten.
Biogasanlagen: Ein Beitrag zur umweltfreundlichen Energieversorgung
Authors: Gassen Hans Günter 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBiogasanlagen bieten eine Möglichkeit zur Entsorgung von biologischen Abfällen und Versorgung mit regenerativer Energie und sind ein gutes Beispiel dafür, wie angewandte Biologie in wirtschaftliches Handeln umgesetzt werden kann. Hofanlagen, die besonders der Güllebeseitigung dienen, haben bereits einen hohen technischen Reifegrad erreicht. Damit die Fermentation von biologischem Material auch einen essenziellen Beitrag zur Energieversorgung leisten kann, müssen die anaerobe Fermentation verbessert und die Züchtung und der Anbau von Energiepflanzen forciert werden. Die Gewinnung von Wasserstoff aus “biologischem Methan” ist ein faszinierender Beitrag zu dem schadstofffreien Verbrennungsmotor.
Der Beweis der Prionenhypothese: Die lange Suche nach der Natur eines Krankheitserregers
Authors: Dumpitak Christian , Riesner Detlev 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPrionkrankheiten sind übertragbare, tödlich verlaufende Erkrankungen des Nervensystems bei Mensch und Tier. Die Natur des Erregers blieb über mehr als 200 Jahre rätselhaft. Im Jahr 1982 wurde von Stanley B. Prusiner die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass der Erreger ein proteinartiges Partikel sei und keine Erbsubstanz besitze. Damit wurde eine neuartige Form von Krankheitserreger postuliert, die so genannten Prionen. Da diese einem zentralen Dogma der Biologie widersprachen, wonach Vermehrung nur mithilfe von Erbsubstanz möglich sei, erregte das Prionenmodell viel Widerspruch. Weltweit wurden Forschungsergebnisse zusammengetragen, die das Prionenmodell stützten, der endgültige Beweis gelang jedoch erst 2004, als man synthetische Prionen herstellen und damit im Reagenzglas Infektiosität erzeugen konnte. So wurde das 1997 mit dem Nobelpreis gewürdigte Prionenmodell zweifelsfrei bewiesen.
Red Tide: Alarmstufe “Rot” für Meeressäuger
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPlanktonalgen können sich bei günstigen Licht‐ und Temperaturbedingungen und guter Mineralstoffversorgung so stark vermehren, dass man von Planktonblüten spricht. Die Massenvermehrung von Dinoflagellaten verleiht dem Meerwasser in Küstennähe eine charakteristische Rotfärbung. Solche Red Tides sind berüchtigt, denn bestimmte Dinoflagellaten (beispielsweise Karenia brevis) synthetisieren starke Gifte, die sie auch in das umgebende Wasser abgeben. Das von den Planktonalgen gebildete Brevitoxin lähmt das Atmungssystem von Fischen. Muscheln und andere filtrierende Meerestiere akkumulieren das Gift, so dass es in das Nahrungsnetz eingespeist wird. Auf diesem Wege können auch Meeressäuger und Menschen vergiftet werden.
Das Deutsche Ressourcenzentrum für Genomforschung (RZPD)
Authors: Maurer Johannes 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDas Deutsche Ressourcenzentrum für Genomforschung (RZPD) mit Sitz in Berlin und Heidelberg ist Europas größtes Servicezentrum für die funktionelle Genomforschung. Der zentrale Baustein des RZPD ist die weltweit umfangreichste öffentlich zugängliche Klonsammlung: Mehr als 35 Millionen Klone ruhen in Tiefkühlschränken, um bei Bedarf an Forscher versandt zu werden. Zusätzlich stellt das RZPD standardisiertes Referenzmaterial, Hochdurchsatztechnologien und Automatisierungslösungen bereit.
Landlebende Krebstiere – die Kletterkünstler der Malediven
Authors: Clauss Wolfgang , Clauss Cornelia , Kikinger Reinhard , Kikinger Lilly 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWürden Sie mit dem Gewicht eines Kühlschranks auf dem Rücken auf einen Baum klettern? Genau das machen einige landlebende Krebse. Ihr Bewegungsverhalten wird in einem Forschungsprojekt auf der Malediveninsel Kuramathi untersucht.
Vogelzug als Infektionsherd?
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDie Vogelgrippe sorgt für Schlagzeilen. Dabei geriet auch der Vogelzug als möglicher Übertragungsweg in die Diskussion. Doch trotz intensiver Koinfektion von humanem und aviärem Influenza‐Virus in Asien seit bereits acht Jahren ist bisher kein “Killervirus” entstanden. Dass dies gerade bei uns geschehen soll, ist noch unwahrscheinlicher. Zudem ist noch kein einziger Fall von Mensch zu Mensch‐Übertragung des H5N1‐Virus bekannt geworden.
Wilhelm Roux begründet die Entwicklungsmechanik
Authors: Penzlin Heinz 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNachdem im 19. Jahrhundert das Interesse am Studium des Formwechsels der Tiere vorübergehend zugunsten der Morphologie, Systematik und phylogenetischer Betrachtungen in den Hintergrund gedrängt worden war, begründete der Hallenser Anatom Wilhelm Roux im Jahre 1905 die “Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismen” als einen zentralen Zweig der biologischen Wissenschaft.Er formulierte nicht nur die theoretischen und begrifflichen Grundlagen dieser neuen Wissenschaftsdisziplin, sondern entwarf auch die Richtlinien zur Analyse der Gesetze der Formbildung und setzte diese Richtlinien in eigenen experimentellen Beiträgen um. Die Entwicklungsmechanik fand noch zu Lebzeiten Rouxs hervorragende Bearbeiter und wuchs schnell zu einem für die Biologie zentralen Wissensgebiet heran, das in unseren Tagen im Rahmen der Molekularbiologie noch an Bedeutung gewinnt.
Springende Gene lassen sich zähmen
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAls Barbara McClintock im Jahre 1947 bestimmte Farbabweichungen in Maiskörnern mit mobilen genetischen Elementen erklärte, konnte niemand so recht etwas mit diesen “springenden Genen” anfangen, denn man hielt die Position von Genen im Genom für unveränderlich. Ihre Entdeckung wurde erst 1983 mit einem Nobelpreis gewürdigt. Inzwischen sind Transposons, also bewegliche DNA‐Sequenzen, bei vielen Pflanzen und Tieren nachgewiesen worden und man versteht allmählich ihre Rolle im Genom.
Quo vadis? Vererbung von Peroxisomen bei der Zellteilung
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBei der Zellteilung von Eukaryoten müssen die Kompartimente gleichmäßig auf die Tochterzellen verteilt werden. Die Vererbung von Peroxisomen wird dabei durch die Balance ihrer Wanderung entlang von Actinfilamenten und ihrer Verankerung am peripheren Cytoskelett reguliert.
Randomized clinical trial comparing lightweight composite mesh with polyester or polypropylene mesh for incisional hernia repair
Authors: Conze J , Kingsnorth A N , Flament J B , Simmermacher R , Arlt G , Langer C , Schippers E , Hartley M , Schumpelick V 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Polymer mesh has been used to repair incisional hernias with lower recurrence rates than suture repair. A new generation of mesh has been developed with reduced polypropylene mass and increased pore size. The aim of this study was to compare standard mesh with new lightweight mesh in patients undergoing incisional hernia repair.

Methods
Patients were randomized to receive lightweight composite mesh, or standard polyester or polypropylene mesh. Outcomes were evaluated at 21 days, 4, 12 and 24 months from patient responses to the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and daily activity questionnaires. Complications and recurrence rates were recorded.

Results
A total of 165 patients were included in an intention-to-treat analysis (83 lightweight mesh, 82 standard mesh). Postoperative complication rates were similar. The overall hernia recurrence rate was 17 per cent with the lightweight mesh versus 7 per cent with the standard mesh (P = 0·052). There were no differences in SF-36 physical function scores or daily activities between 21 days and 24 months after surgery.

Conclusion
The use of the lightweight composite mesh for incisional hernia repair had similar outcomes to polypropylene or polyester mesh with the exception of a non-significant trend towards increased hernia recurrence. The latter may be related to technical factors with regard to the specific placement and fixation requirements of lightweight composite mesh.
Randomized clinical trial comparing blue dye with combined dye and isotope for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer
Authors: Hung W K , Chan C M , Ying M , Chong S F , Mak K L , Yip A W C 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Use of blue dye alone as a marker for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is effective, but combining it with isotope marking can improve the success rate. Use of the isotope adds extra cost and there are potential radiation hazards. The two techniques were compared in a randomized trial.

Methods
Women with early breast cancer (less than 3 cm) and no palpable axillary nodes were recruited. Women older than 70 years with multicentric cancers or previous surgery to the breast or axilla were excluded. Patients were randomized to either blue dye alone or combined mapping for SLN biopsy. All women had a level I and II axillary dissection after the SLN biopsy.

Results
A total of 123 patients were recruited, of whom five were excluded from analysis. Blue dye alone was used in 57 women and 61 had combined mapping. Baseline demographic data were similar in the two cohorts. The success rate of SLN biopsy was higher with combined mapping than with blue dye alone (100 versus 86 per cent; P = 0·002). The accuracy and false-negative rate were similar (accuracy 100 per cent for combined mapping versus 98 per cent for blue dye; false-negative rate 0 versus 5 per cent).

Conclusion
Combined mapping was superior to blue dye alone in identification of the SLN, but accuracy and false-negative rates were similar.
Blood vessel stem cells and wound healing
Authors: Watt S M , Fox A 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
This article continues the Journal's ‘Scientific Surgery’ series of leaders. The aim of the series, published throughout 2005, has been to highlight areas of bioscience that, while still largely confined to the experimental laboratory, may soon be brought into the clinical domain. In this month's paper Watt and Fox offer an up to date insight into the processes of tissue healing and suggest possible future therapeutic strategies.
Proteomics and clinical surgery
Authors: Roblick U J , Auer G 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
This article concludes the Journal's ‘Scientific Surgery’ series of leaders. The series, published throughout 2005, has highlighted areas of bioscience that may soon be transferred from the laboratory into the clinical sphere. In this final paper Roblick and Auer consider the future role of the surgeon in the era of the ‘diagnostic chip’.
Replacement of Isobutyl by Trifluoromethyl in Pepstatin A Selectively Affects Inhibition of Aspartic Proteinases
Authors: Binkert Christoph , Frigerio Massimo , Jones Andrew , Meyer Solange , Pesenti Cristina , Prade Lars , Viani Fiorenza , Zanda Matteo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTwo bis‐trifluoromethyl pepstatin A analogues, carboxylic acid 1 and its methyl ester 2, have been synthesised in order to probe the properties and size of the trifluoromethyl (Tfm) group and compare it to the “bigger” isobutyl that is present in pepstatin A. The results demonstrate that Tfm can effectively replace the isobutyl chain as far as inhibitory activity against plasmepsin II (PM II), an aspartic proteinase from Plasmodium falciparum, is concerned. On the other hand, replacement of isobutyl by Tfm selectively affected activity against other aspartic proteinases tested. Two lines of evidence led to these conclusions. Firstly, compounds 1 and 2 retained single‐digit nanomolar inhibitory activity against PM II, but were markedly less active against PM IV, cathepsin D and cathepsin E. Secondly, the X‐ray crystal structures of the three complexes of PM II with 1, 2 and pepstatin A were obtained at 2.8, 2.4 and 1.7 Å resolution, respectively. High overall similarity among the three complexes indicated that the central Tfm was well accommodated in the lipophilic S1 pocket of PM II, where it was involved in tight hydrophobic contacts. The interaction of PM II with Phe111 appeared to be crucial. Comparison of the crystal structures presented here, with X‐ray structures or structural models of PM IV and cathepsin D, allowed an interpretation of the inhibition profiles of pepstatin A and its Tfm variants against these three enzymes. Interactions of the P1 side chain with amino acids that point into the S1 pocket appear to be critical for inhibitory activity. In summary, Tfm can be used to replace an isobutyl group and can affect the selectivity profile of a compound. These findings have implications for the design of novel bioactive molecules and synthetic mimics of natural compounds.
Regioselective Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation in Proteins with Palladium Catalysis; New Protein Chemistry by Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Kodama Koichiro , Fukuzawa Seketsu , Nakayama Hiroshi , Kigawa Takanori , Sakamoto Kensaku , Yabuki Takashi , Matsuda Natsuko , Shirouzu Mikako , Takio Koji , Tachibana Kazuo , Yokoyama Shigeyuki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed reactions have contributed to the advancement of many areas of organic chemistry, in particular, the synthesis of organic compounds such as natural products and polymeric materials. In this study, we have used a Mizoroki–Heck reaction for site‐specific carbon–carbon bond formation in the Ras protein. This was performed by the following two steps: 1) the His6‐fused Ras protein containing 4‐iodo‐L‐phenylalanine at position 32 (iF32‐Ras‐His) was prepared by genetic engineering and 2) the aryl iodide group on the iF32‐Ras‐His was coupled with vinylated biotin in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The biotinylation was confirmed by Western blotting and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). The regioselectivity of the Mizoroki–Heck reaction was furthermore confirmed by LC‐MS/MS analysis. However, in addition to the biotinylated product (bF32‐Ras‐His), a dehalogenated product (F32‐Ras‐His) was detected by LC‐MS/MS. This dehalogenation resulted from the undesired termination of the Mizoroki–Heck reaction due to steric and electrostatic hindrance around residue 32. The biotinylated Ras showed binding activity for the Ras‐binding domain as its downstream target, Raf‐1, with no sign of decomposition. This study is the first report of an application of organometallic chemistry in protein chemistry.
A Medicinal‐Chemistry‐Guided Approach to Selective and Druglike Sigma 1 Ligands
Authors: Corbera Jordi , Vaño David , Martínez Daniel , Vela José M. , Zamanillo Daniel , Dordal Alberto , Andreu Francesc , Hernandez Enric , Perez Raquel , Escriche Marisol , Salgado Leonardo , Yeste Sandra , Serafini Maria Teresa , Pascual Rosalia , Alegre Júlia , Calvet Maria Carme , Cano Núria , Carro Mónica , Buschmann Helmut , Holenz Jörg 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBased on a medicinal‐chemistry‐guided approach, three novel series of druglike cycloalkyl‐annelated pyrazoles were synthesized and display high affinity (pKi >8) for the σ1 receptor. Structure–affinity relationships were established, and the different scaffolds were optimized with respect to σ1 binding and selectivity versus the σ2 receptor and the hERG channel, resulting in selective compounds that have Kivalues (for σ1) in the subnanomolar range. Selected compounds were screened for cytochrome P450 inhibition (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4), metabolic stability (rat and human liver microsomes), and cell‐membrane permeability (Caco‐2). They showed favorable in vitro ADME properties as well as favorable calculated druglike and experimental physicochemical properties. Furthermore, compounds7 fand17 a, for example, displayed high selectivity (affinity) for the σ1 receptor against a wide range of other receptors (>60). With these valuable tool compounds in hand, we are further exploring the role of the σ1 receptor in relevant animal models corresponding to such medicinal indications as drug abuse, pain, depression, anxiety, and psychosis.
Magnetic enhancement in wildfire‐affected soil and its potential for sediment‐source ascription
Authors: Blake W. H. , Wallbrink P. J. , Doerr S. H. , Shakesby R. A. , Humphreys G. S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIntense rainfall following wildfire can cause substantial soil and sediment redistribution. With concern for the increasing magnitude and frequency of wildfire events, research needs to focus on hydrogeomorphological impacts of fire, particularly downstream fluxes of sediment and nutrients. Here, we investigate variation in magnetic enhancement of soil by fire in burnt eucalypt forest slopes to explore its potential as a post‐fire sediment tracer. Low‐frequency magnetic susceptibility values (χlf) of <10 µm material sourced from burnt slopes (c. 8·0–10·4 × 10−6 m3 kg−1) are an order of magnitude greater than those of <10 µm material derived from long‐unburnt areas (0·8 × 10−6 m3 kg−1). Susceptibility of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (χARM) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) values are similarly enhanced. Signatures are strongly influenced by soil and sediment particle size and storage of previously burnt material in footslope areas. Whilst observations indicate that signatures based on magnetic enhancement show promise for post‐fire sediment tracing, problems arise with the lack of dimensionality in such data. Magnetic grain size indicators χfd%, χARM/SIRM and χfd/χARM offer further discrimination of source material but cannot be included in numerical unmixing models owing to non‐linear additivity. This leads to complications in quantitatively ascribing downstream sediment to source areas of contrasting burn severity since sources represent numerical multiples of each other, indicating the need to involve additional indicators, such as geochemical evidence, to allow a more robust discrimination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.