bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a nasogastric tube for gastric and esophageal decompression in the dog and cat
Authors: Crowe Dennis T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Distension of the stomach with air and fluid was treated successfully in 9 of 10 dogs by use of an indwelling nasogastric tube. A nasogastric tube was used to remove swallowed air and gastric fluid after surgery, as a precautionary measure to prevent recurrence of gastric distension in 2 dogs. A nasoesophageal tube was used to remove retained barium sulfate and saliva in a cat with megaesophagus and esophageal obstruction caused by gastroesophageal intussusception.
Passage of the tube through the nose into the esophagus or stomach was easily accomplished in 10 of the 13 animals, requiring only mild restraint and an anesthetic instilled locally into the nostril. Moderate restraint and more than one attempt at passage of the tube through the nose (ventral meatus) were required in the other 3 animals. In one of these, passage through the ventral meatus and into the pharynx could not be accomplished.
Of the 12 animals in which the tube was inserted successfully, 11 tolerated it. The tubes remained inserted from 5 minutes to 48 hours (average, 18.5 hours) without clinically detected complications.
This technique offers an alternative to orogastric, gastrostomy, or pharyngostomy tubes for initial and continuous intubation and decompression of the stomach and/or esophagus in the dog and cat. It was found to be practical and effective for the removal of air or fluid, but not for the removal of coarse food particles.
Prognostic factors for multiple myeloma in the dog
Authors: Matus Robert E. , Leifer Connie E. , MacEwen E. Gregory , Hurvitz Arthur I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Multiple myeloma was diagnosed in 60 dogs. Diagnosis was confirmed in each case by observation of >5% plasma cells on examination of a bone marrow aspirate and detection of monoclonal gammopathy of immunoglobulin (Ig) A or IgG. Treatment with melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone was associated with long-term survival (median, 540 days). Response to therapy was significantly related to prognosis (P<0.01), whereas hypercalcemia and Ig light chain proteinuria (Bence Jones) were associated with shorter median survival times.
Incidence of major injuries, severe colic, and acute laminitis at American Horse Shows Association A- and B-rated shows
Authors: Bell Lance G. , Lowe John E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A questionnaire was designed to determine the incidence of major injuries, severe colic, and acute laminitis in horses at American Horse Shows Association (AHSA) A- and B-rated shows, ie, those shows requiring a veterinarian in attendance. The questionnaire was sent to the show stewards and filled out by the attending veterinarians of the AHSA A- and B-rated shows held from January 1982 to October 1984. Of 2,952 questionnaires sent out, 799 (27%) were completed and returned by veterinarians; 99 of them were discarded because of incomplete or misleading information.
The study revealed a low incidence of major injuries, severe colic, and acute laminitis in horses at AHSA A- and B-rated shows. In 700 horse shows surveyed, there was a total of 231 major injuries, severe colic, or acute laminitis. Considering that the shows surveyed had a median number of 193 horses and a median duration of 3 days, the 231 injuries represent a relatively small number, compared with the general population at risk.
Ochratoxicosis in Iowa swine
Authors: Cook W. O. , Osweiler G. D. , Anderson T. D. , Richard J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ochratoxicosis was diagnosed in 2 Iowa swine herds. In both cases, clinical signs consisted of increased urination and water consumption. Pale tan kidneys were found in affected pigs at necropsy. Histologic examination of renal tissue from an affected pig revealed diffuse tubular nephrosis and interstitial fibrosis. In both cases, ochratoxin A was detected by thin-layer chromatography in extracts of whole corn and ground complete feed. Ochratoxicosis was reproduced in swine with feed obtained in one of the cases.
Enteral hyperalimentation administered via needle catheter-jejunostoma as an adjunct to cranial abdominal surgery in dogs and cats
Authors: Orton E. Christopher 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten dogs and 2 cats that underwent extensive cranial abdominal surgery were nutritionally maintained after surgery by enteral hyperalimentation administered via needle catheter-jejunostoma for an average of 8 days after surgery. Nine of the 12 patients survived the immediate postoperative period.
Rebound hyperglycemia following overdosing of insulin in cats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: McMillan Franklin D. , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (rebound hyperglycemia) after overdosing of insulin was diagnosed in 6 cats with diabetes mellitus. Administration of excessive insulin induced hypoglycemia within 4 to 8 hours, followed by rebound hyperglycemia. Diagnosis was made by serial blood glucose determinations during a 20- to 24-hour period after insulin administration. Four cats had a history of difficulty in regulating the diabetic state. In 2 cats, rebound hyperglycemia was diagnosed on routine serial blood glucose determinations. All of the cats were hyperglycemic for most of the day. Rebound hyperglycemia was observed with both intermediate (neutral protamine hagedorn) and long-acting (protamine zinc iletin) insulins, and the range of insulin doses at which the disorder developed overlapped previously determined therapeutic doses for these insulins in the cat. Urine glucose and single afternoon blood glucose determinations were inadequate and potentially misleading in monitoring diabetic cats receiving excessive amounts of insulin.
Diagnosis of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever) by indirect immunofluorescence
Authors: Ristic Miodrag , Holland Cynthia J. , Dawson Jacqueline E. , Sessions Jean , Palmer Jon 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The recent establishment of a system for the continuous in vitro propagation of Ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (eme; synonym, Potomac horse fever), has facilitated the development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of this disease under laboratory and field conditions.
The field diagnostic application of the test has aided in the recognition of the disease in 16 states of the United States and in 1 province of Canada. A limited epidemiologic study conducted between January and September 1985, in an area where the disease is known to be enzootic, revealed that conversion from seronegative to seropositive status is not always accompanied by clinical manifestations of the disease. Confirmatory findings in experimentally inoculated horses suggest the existence of clinically undetectable infections.
Characterization of the subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis in dogs
Authors: Codner Ellen C. , Farris-Smith Linda L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prevalence of subclinical Ehrlichia canis infection in a Mississippi kennel was 53%. Most of the dogs probably had been infected for 4 or 5 years. The subclinical phase of the infection was characterized by high antibody titers to E canis (9 of 10 dogs with titers of 1:5, 120), hyperglobulinemia (9 of 10 dogs), thrombocytopenia (5 of 10), absolute lymphocytosis (4 of 10), and absolute neutropenia (3 of 10). The dogs had normal pcv, serum albumin concentrations, and urine protein excretion.
Findings indicated that a high percentage of dogs in an enzootic area may develop subclinical ehrlichiosis that may last several years. Despite persistent antigenic stimulation, dogs subclinically infected for a prolonged time did not develop clinically apparent glomerular disease. However, evaluating dogs for antibody titers against E canis is recommended in endemic areas because subclinically infected dogs eventually may develop severe chronic disease, which may be less responsive to therapy.
Epidemiologic findings on a swine farm with enzootic toxoplasmosis
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Murrell K. D. , Hanbury R. D. , Anderson W. R. , Doby P. B. , Miller H. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A farm in Illinois had swine with enzootic Toxoplasma gondii infections. Ninety-five of 99 pigs had antibody against T gondii by the modified agglutination test; modified agglutination test titers were <1:10 (4 pigs), 1:10 (15 pigs), 1:20 (12 pigs), 1:40 (10 pigs), 1:80 (20 pigs), 1:160 (11 pigs), 1:320 (12 pigs), 1:640 (9 pigs), and ≥1:1,280 (6 pigs). To trace the route of infection, Toxoplasma-free pigs were introduced into the farm and were evaluated serologically at various intervals. Analysis of data derived from these tracer pigs indicated that cannibalism was a major source of T gondii infection in the pigs.
Border disease in a flock of sheep: Epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical findings
Authors: Sawyer Mary M. , Schore Caroline E. , Menzies Paula I. , Osburn Bennie I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A flock of sheep in which border disease (bd) was enzootic was studied through a breeding season. At the beginning of the study (August 1981), 125 (82%) of 152 ewes were seropositive to the cross-reacting bovine viral diarrhea virus. Within 7 months, 3 (18%) of 17 seropositive ewes retested had reverted to seronegative. Of the remaining 21 ewes identified as seronegative, 7 (33%) converted to seropositive by the end of the study.
Triplet lambs were born, 2 of which exhibited clinical signs of bd. The virus was isolated from blood lymphocytes from both of the affected lambs. The most severely affected lamb shed virus into the urine, saliva, and feces through 10 weeks of age. Lymphocyte stimulation tests indicated that the lymphocytes from the affected lambs had decreased function in months 4 through 7, but returned to normal function by the eighth month.
Transmission of bd virus was investigated by exposing 5 seronegative ewes to the bd-infected lambs. Two of the contact ewes developed viremia and 3 converted to seropositive within the 13-week exposure period.
Evidence from this and other studies supports a model of bd in gravid, nongravid, and persistently infected adult sheep.
Cecal dilatation and volvulus in dairy cows: 84 cases (1977–1983)
Authors: Fubini Susan L. , Erb Hollis N. , Rebhun William C. , Horne Darrell 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The records of 84 cows with cecal dilatation or cecal volvulus were reviewed. The diagnosis was made by exploratory laparotomy or necropsy in 21 cows with cecal dilatation, and in 45 cows with cecal volvulus. Eighteen of the cows with cecal dilatation responded to medical management and the diagnosis was made by physical examination alone. The most useful criteria for determining that surgery was necessary were the presence of a high heart rate, apparent abdominal pain, scant or absence of feces, and the apex of the cecum rotated cranially on rectal examination. The prognosis for cattle with cecal dilatation and volvulus was good following medical therapy or decompression at surgery unless there was severe vascular compromise of the cecum. There was a 10% recurrence rate, and in these cows a partial typhlectomy was performed.
Infectivity of Cryptosporidium sp isolated from wild mice for calves and mice
Authors: Klesius P. H. , Haynes T. B. , Malo L. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to determine the incidence of cryptosporidiosis in wild mice (Mus musculus) and the infectivity of oocysts from their feces for susceptible calves. The presence of oocysts and the duration of shedding of oocysts in the feces were evaluated in 115 wild mice. Approximately 30% of the mice shed Cryptosporidium sp oocysts, without evidence of clinical infection; recurrence of oocyst shedding was found in about 50% of the mice. Oocysts from the feces of naturally infected mice were infective for calves and mice. Calves began shedding oocysts at 7 days and shed oocysts for about 10 days. Nonfatal, clinical cryptosporidiosis developed in 7 infected calves. The mice began shedding oocysts at 6 days and shed oocysts for 12 days. Fatalities or clinical infection did not develop in 5 infected mice. The results indicated that Cryptosporidium-infected wild mice may be a source of cryptosporidiosis in susceptible calves.
Comparison of treatment methods for the control of contagious ovine foot rot
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Lincoln S. D. , Lane V. Michael , Matlock Mary 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four methods of treatment for ovine foot rot were evaluated: foot trimming and topical treatment (brief, daily foot bathing in 10% zinc sulfate); vaccination with an oil-alum adjuvanted, multivalent, Bacteroides nodosus bacterin, vaccination with the bacterin plus foot trimming and brief foot bathing, and 1-hour 10% zinc sulfate foot soaks. Compared with results of sheep in a nontreated control group, vaccination reduced the number of infected feet by 8%. Daily walk-through foot bathing reduced the number of infected feet by 16%, and vaccination and foot bathing reduced the number by 27%. In another experiment, treated but nonresponsive sheep were subjected to 2 one-hour foot soaks in 10% zinc sulfate. Compared with results in nontreated controls, the soaks reduced the number of affected sheep by 58%. Previously nontreated sheep responded with a 69% reduction of affected animals over controls.
Pulmonic stenosis in the dog: 29 cases (1975–1984)
Authors: Fingland Roger B. , Bonagura John D. , Myer C. Wendy 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a retrospective study of 29 dogs with congenital pulmonic stenosis, we evaluated the clinical, radiographic, angiocardiographic, and cardiac catheterization data. Eighteen dogs had no clinical signs of disease and were referred for evaluation of a previously detected cardiac murmur, 5 dogs had congestive right-sided heart failure, and 5 dogs were examined for exercise intolerance or syncope. Dogs with heart failure tended to be older than dogs without clinical signs of heart failure (19.3 months vs 12 months). All dogs had radiographic or electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular enlargement. Poststenotic dilatation of the main pulmonary artery and apparent pulmonary undercirculation were observed frequently on survey radiographs. Isolated pulmonic valve dysplasia, representing a range of angiographic pulmonic valve abnormalities, was evident in 88% of the available 26 angiographic studies, whereas subvalvular stenosis was uncommon and observed in only 2 dogs. Muscular hypertrophy of the right ventricular infundibulum and supraventricular crest were observed in 96% and 25% of the angiocardiograms, respectively. Poststenotic dilatation of the main pulmonary artery was observed in every dog. A ratio between the width of the main pulmonary artery and the valve annulus was useful in identifying pulmonic stenosis and distinguishing this anomaly from other congenital malformations. The degree of poststenotic dilatation did not appear to be related to the severity of the systolic pressure gradient, which ranged from 20 to 228 mm of Hg (mean, 93 mm of Hg). Dogs with a high right ventricular systolic pressure (>120 mm of Hg) had a higher 5-year mortality than dogs with a low (<120 mm of Hg) right ventricular systolic pressure.
Twenty-one dogs had surgical correction of pulmonic stenosis. Closed valvulotomy was performed on 17 dogs and a modified patch graft technique was performed on 4 dogs. The mean survival for 8 surgically treated dogs with preoperative right ventricular systolic pressures of >120 mm of Hg was 3.75 years. Three of these dogs were alive and clinically normal at the conclusion of the study reported here (July 1985).
Shoeing principles for the management of navicular disease in horses
Authors: Turner Tracy A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Navicular disease was diagnosed in 36 horses. Each horse was treated, using shoeing as the only major means of treatment. Phenylbutazone was used initially for 10 days after shoeing. Shoeing was designed to correct preexisting problems, enhance physiologic function of the foot, and ease breakover of the foot. The horses were evaluated over a period ranging from 12 to 54 months. The lameness improved in all horses. Thirty-one of the 36 horses treated were not lame when last evaluated. Shoeing was most effective when performed within 8 months of the first signs of lameness. Also, horses used for show ring performance classes had a better response to treatment than did horses used for gaming or jumping.
Equine laminitis caused by distal displacement of the distal phalanx: 12 cases (1976–1985)
Authors: Baxter Gary M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Clinical data from 12 cases of equine laminitis characterized by distal displacement of the distal phalanx (P3) were reviewed. Clinical features of horses that survived the syndrome were compared with the nonsurvivors to obtain prognostic indicators. Animals affected included 8 Quarter Horses, 2 Welsh ponies, 1 Thoroughbred, and 1 Arabian. Eight of the animals were females (67%), 2 were stallions, and 2 were geldings. The mean age of affected animals was 8.6 years (2 to 14 years), and the mean body weight was 442 kg. The survivors weighed less than the nonsurvivors (384 kg vs 473 kg, respectively), suggesting that body weight may be of prognostic value for horses affected with distal displacement of P3. Ten of the 12 animals (83%) were admitted because of a disorder other than laminitis, but subsequently developed laminitis during the treatment period. All affected animals had clinical evidence of endotoxemia and/or sepsis before the onset of laminitis.
Cavitation or depression of the dorsal coronary band was detected in all animals and was the most reliable clinical indicator of distal displacement of P3. Five horses had fluid (blood or serum) ooze from their coronary bands and 2 of these sloughed one or more of their hooves. Necropsy findings of the 8 horses that were euthanatized included severe hemorrhagic, congested laminae and complete detachment of P3 from the hoof wall. Histologic examination of affected laminae revealed vascular thrombosis and multifocal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. Radiography failed to reveal distal displacement of P3 in 8 animals, but the remaining 4 animals had an accentuation of the dorsal proximal hoof wall and cavitation of the coronary band visible on lateral radiographs.
The type of horse that was at the greatest risk of developing distal displacement of P3 was a large, middle-aged female that developed laminitis in all 4 feet subsequent to a primary septic, endotoxemic, or metabolic condition that required intensive medical treatment. Treatment for this condition was strictly empirical and most often unsuccessful, leading to euthanasia of most affected animals.
Strategic deworming for spring-calving beef cow/calf herds
Authors: Bumgarner S. C. , Brauer M. A. , Corwin R. M. , Thomas E. A. , Myers G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Strategic application of an anthelmintic was tested during the 1982 grazing season as part of the continued study of the epidemiology of beef cattle parasitism in central Missouri. Forty Hereford and Hereford × Simmental cow/calf pairs were assigned to 2 treatment groups. The 20 cow/calf pairs in group 1 were nonmedicated controls. After calving in mid-March, the 20 cows in group 2 were drenched with a 10% suspension of the anthelmintic fenbendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight). Ten cow/calf pairs were placed on each of four 20-acre fescue or orchard grass pastures in mid-May. Cows and calves in treatment group 2 were drenched with the 10% fenbendazole suspension (5 mg/kg) in mid-July. Body weights and fecal specimens were obtained monthly.
Nematode egg counts in cow and calf fecal specimens collected monthly were significantly (P<0.05) lower in treatment group 2 than in treatment group 1. Numbers of larvae cultured for speciation revealed that Ostertagia ostertagi was the predominant nematode species. Developmental arrest of O ostertagi was found to be significantly (P<0.05) greater than zero from mid-May to mid-July. An important significant difference (P<0.01) was shown in body weights of calves, with the calves in treatment group 2 having a higher mean weight gain of 22.5 kg in adjusted 205-day weaning weights, and a higher mean daily gain of 0.11 kg. Weight maintenance of cows was not affected significantly by anthelmintic treatment. Nematode egg counts in monthly cow and calf fecal specimens were not significantly different between those animals on different pastures. Pasture composition also had no significant effect on the body weights of cows or calves.
Treatment of severely comminuted diaphyseal fractures in the dog, using standard bone plates and autogenous cancellous bone graft to span fracture gaps: 11 cases (1979–1983)
Authors: Walter Mary C. , Lenehan Timothy M. , Smith Gail K. , Matthiesen David T. , Newton Charles D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Severely comminuted diaphyseal fractures in 11 dogs were repaired with standard bone plates that spanned a fracture gap filled with autogenous cancellous bone graft. Five dogs had closed injuries, 4 dogs had open fractures, and 2 dogs had infected nonunion fractures for which previous attempts at internal pin fixation had failed. A second autogenous cancellous bone graft was performed in 3 of the dogs during the healing period. The technique was successful in all dogs. The technique was considered a versatile and relatively simple alternative, compared with meticulous small fragment reconstruction and cortical bone allografts.
New perspectives in cardiology: Recent advances in antiarrhythmic drug therapy
Authors: Novotny Mark J. , Adams H. Richard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During the past decade, advances in basic and applied cardiology have led to the introduction of several new antiarrhythmic drugs that have distinct clinical advantages over their older counterparts. These therapeutic advantages comprise either a more favorable pharmacokinetic disposition in the patient or new and perhaps novel mechanisms of antiarrhythmic actions. The class IV agent verapamil, for example, selectively blocks the slow inward Ca++ current in excitable tissues and this action is proving to be quite effective in controlling supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Tocainide is a newly approved class I agent that exerts lidocaine-like effectiveness in treating serious ventricular arrhythmias. Unlike lidocaine, however, tocainide is not restricted to intensive care because it is effective after oral administration and has comparatively longer duration of antiarrhythmic action. Other recently approved or investigational agents include bretylium and amiodarone (class III), and aprindine, mexiletine, and disopyramide (class I). Along with clinical advantages, however, each drug has a characteristic pharmacologic-toxicologic profile and resulting spectrum of therapeutic application for only particular cardiac dysrhythmias. The advantages and disadvantages of each compound should be weighed equally when the new antiarrhythmic drugs are assessed as therapeutic alternatives for the older ones.