bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inception transformer-based weighted prototype network for few-shot defect recognition of wheelset bearing
Authors: Deng Feiyue , Huang Zeheng , Hao Rujiang , Gu Xiaohui , Yang Shaopu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The low incidence of failures and high randomness in high-speed train wheelset bearings pose significant challenges in identifying bearing defects under few-shot sample conditions. An Inception transformer (IFormer)-based weighted prototype network is proposed for few-shot recognition of wheelset bearing defect images. To capture subtle differences in few-shot samples, an IFormer network integrating the strengths of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformers is adopted in the prototype representation space. A multi-path fusion attention mechanism (MPAM)-based weighting prototype block is introduced to assign weights to features of same-class samples, thus enhancing the representation of target class prototypes. By integrating the modified cost function (MCF), the proposed model can more accurately evaluate the similarity between query samples and class prototypes. Extensive experiments on a public steel plates surface defects dataset and the self-constructed train wheelset bearing defect (TWBD) dataset demonstrate the robustness of the proposed model compared to other state-of-the-art few-shot learning models. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been validated through a series of ablation experiments and visualization analyses. The proposed approach shows potential as a tool to facilitate intelligent recognition of train wheelset bearing images under few-shot sample conditions.
Self-regulation of high-redshift black hole accretion via jets: challenges for SMBH formation
Authors: Su Kung-Yi , Bryan Greg L , Haiman Zoltán 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The early growth of black holes (BHs) in atomic-cooling halos is likely influenced by feedback on the surrounding gas. While the effects of radiative feedback are well-documented, mechanical feedback, particularly from AGN jets, has been comparatively less explored. Building on our previous work that examined the growth of a 100 M⊙ BH in a constant density environment regulated by AGN jets, we expand the initial BH mass range from 1 to 104 M⊙ and adopt a more realistic density profile for atomic-cooling halos. We reaffirm the validity of our analytic models for jet cocoon propagation and feedback regulation. We identify several critical radii-namely, the terminal radius of jet cocoon propagation, the isotropization radius of the jet cocoon, and the core radius of the atomic-cooling halo-that are crucial in determining BH growth given specific gas properties and jet feedback parameters. In a significant portion of the parameter space, our findings show that jet feedback substantially disrupts the halo‘s core during the initial feedback episode, preventing BH growth beyond 104 M⊙. Conversely, conditions characterized by low jet velocities and high gas densities enable sustained BH growth over extended periods. We provide a prediction for the black hole mass growth as a function of time and feedback parameters. We found that, to form a supermassive BH (&gt;106M⊙) within 1 Gyr entirely by accreting gas from an atomic-cooling halo, the jet energy feedback efficiency must be $\lesssim 10^{-4} \dot{M}_{\rm BH} c^2$ even if the seed BH mass is 104M⊙.
Typical and disrupted small-world architecture and regional communication in full-term and preterm infants
Authors: Hu Huiqing , Coppola Peter , Stamatakis Emmanuel A , Naci Lorina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the emergence of complex cognition in the neonate is one of the great frontiers of cognitive neuroscience. In the adult brain, small-world organization enables efficient information segregation and integration and dynamic adaptability to cognitive demands. It remains unknown, however, when functional small-world architecture emerges in development, whether it is present by birth and how prematurity affects it. We leveraged the world's largest fMRI neonatal dataset—Developing Human Connectome Project—to include full-term neonates (n = 278), and preterm neonates scanned at term-equivalent age (TEA; n = 72), or before TEA (n = 70), and the Human Connectome Project for a reference adult group (n = 176). Although different from adults', the small-world architecture was developed in full-term neonates at birth. The key novel finding was that premature neonates before TEA showed dramatic underdevelopment of small-world organization and regional communication in 9/11 networks, with disruption in 32% of brain nodes. The somatomotor and dorsal attention networks carry the largest spatial effect, and visual network the smallest. Significant prematurity-related disruption of small-world architecture and reduced efficiency of regional communication in networks related to high-order cognition, including language, persisted at TEA. Critically, at full-term birth or by TEA, infants exhibited functional small-world architecture, which facilitates differentiated and integrated neural processes that support complex cognition. Conversely, this brain infrastructure is significantly underdeveloped before infants reach TEA. These findings improve understanding of the ontogeny of functional small-world architecture and efficiency of neural communication, and of their disruption by premature birth.
Prospective Qualitative Study on Impact of Headache Surgery on Quality of Life: Are We Ready for Headache Surgery Outcome Measures?
Authors: Afifi Ahmed M. , Lyon Sarah , Gutierrez-Meza Diana , Alagoz Esra , Edalatpour Armin , Israel Jacqueline S. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Migraines are common and are associated with significant morbidity to patients and cost to the healthcare system. Headache surgery (HS) has emerged as a treatment option for patients with symptoms refractory to medical management, but its impact on patients’ quality of life is incompletely understood. This study analyzed, via in-depth prospective patient interviews, patient perceptions of and experience with HS.

Methods:
Patients with history of migraines who were scheduled for HS were invited to participate in this study. Semistructured interviews were conducted by trained qualitative interviewers in the pre/postoperative periods. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded utilizing NVivo 12 Software, and queried to assess the impact of surgery on domains such as work, relationships, headache severity, and medication use. Predominant themes were identified and compared among subjects in the preoperative/postoperative periods. Subjects were recruited until thematic saturation was achieved.

Results:
Eleven patients were enrolled in this study. Nine patients completed preoperative/postoperative interviews an average of 1 month before and 33 months following surgery. Compared with the preoperative interview, postoperative transcript analysis revealed reduced migraine severity, greater ability to participate in work and personal relationships, improved medication efficacy, and better ability to control headaches. These shifting domains facilitated a transition in patient cognitive allocation with reduced migraine predominance in the postoperative setting.

Conclusions:
This novel study assessed the impact of HS on the quality of life in a prospective, qualitative manner. Our results suggest that HS may reduce migraine severity, improve patients’ ability to work and engage in relationships, and improve patients’ mental health overall.
Thermoneutral-housed rats demonstrate impaired perivascular adipose tissue and vascular crosstalk
Authors: Henckel Melissa M. , Chun Ji Hye , Knaub Leslie A. , Pott Gregory B. , James Georgia E. , Hunter Kendall S. , Shandas Robin , Walker Lori A. , Reusch Jane E-B , Keller Amy C. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Vascular pathology, characterized by impaired vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration, differs between the sexes. Housing rats under thermoneutral (TN) conditions causes vascular dysfunction and perturbed metabolism. We hypothesized that thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT), a vasoregulatory adipose depot known to have a brown adipose tissue (BAT) phenotype, remodels to a mainly white adipose (WAT) phenotype in rats housed at TN, driving diminished vasoreactivity in a sex-dependent manner.

Methods:
Male and female Wistar rats were housed at either room temperature (RT) or TN. We measured changes in tPVAT morphology, vasoreactivity in vessels with intact tPVAT or transferred to tPVAT of the oppositely-housed animal, vessel stiffness, vessel mitochondrial respiration and cellular signaling.

Results:
Remodeling of tPVAT was observed in rats housed at TN; animals in this environment showed tPVAT whitening and displayed diminished aortae vasodilation (P < 0.05), different between the sexes. Juxtaposing tPVAT from RT rats onto aortae from TN rats in females corrected vasodilation (P < 0.05); this did not occur in males. In aortae of all animals housed at TN, mitochondrial respiration was significantly diminished in lipid substrate experiments (P < 0.05), and there was significantly less expression of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (peNOS) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
These data are consistent with TN-induced remodeling of tPVAT, notably associated with sex-specific blunting of vasoreactivity, diminished mitochondrial respiration, and altered cellular signaling.
Association of perfusate cytokine concentrations during liver graft ex-situ normothermic perfusion to donor type and postoperative outcomes
Authors: Pezzati Daniele , Torri Francesco , Franzini Maria , Balzano Emanuele , Catalano Gabriele , Tincani Giovanni , Bronzoni Jessica , Martinelli Caterina , Trizzino Arianna , Petagna Lorenzo , Carrai Paola , Petruccelli Stefania , Masini Matilde , Rotondo Maria Isabella , Babboni Serena , Del Turco Serena , Morganti Riccardo , De Tata Vincenzo , Biancofiore Giandomenico , Peris Adriano , Lazzeri Chiara , Basta Giuseppina , Paolicchi Aldo , Ghinolfi Davide 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The use of the so-called extended criteria donors increases the number of grafts available for transplantation. Many studies reported their good outcomes but their use is debated due to increased risk of complications. Ex situ liver perfusion has reduced graft discard rate and helped to test their function before implantation. Cytokines are known to be involved in ischemia reperfusion injury but their potential to predict liver function during normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare cytokines levels during NMP in 3 different types of donors (DBD, DCD II, DCD III) and correlate these data to postoperative clinical and biochemical outcomes.

Methods:
All DBDs older than 70 years and DCDs transplanted after NMP were included. IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured during NMP and correlated with clinical outcomes.

Results:
Thirty liver grafts were transplanted after NMP: 16 DBD, 7 DCD-II and 7 DCD-III. There were 6 cases of EAD (20.0%), 10 of PRS (33.3%) and 11 cases of AKI (36.7%), with no major differences among groups. A positive correlation was found between perfusate IL-6 levels and the bilirubin peak within 7 days after LT while IL-10 was associated with the ICU stay and TNF-α to the INR peak within 7 days. IL-6 was negatively associated to post-operative ALT levels, IL-10 to bilirubin peak. A correlation between higher IL-6 levels at 2h and graft loss was found.

Conclusions.
This is the first study to compare cytokines profile during NMP in three different types of donors and correlate it to clinical outcomes. A correlation between IL-6 concentration and graft failure was found. The role and the significate of inflammatory markers in MP perfusate and their potential to assess graft viability and the risk of post-LT complications has to be further addressed.
Effectiveness of psychotherapy for Hwa-Byung: A systematic review of interventional studies
Authors: Kwon Chan-Young , Lee Boram 
Published: February 2025

Background:
This systematic review aimed to review and synthesize the effects of different psychotherapies on Hwa-Byung (HB), a Korean culture-bound syndrome.

Methods:
Ten electronic databases were comprehensively searched for interventional studies on psychotherapy, including language-based communication, for patients with HB, published until July 2023. The Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool and risk-of-bias in non-randomized studies of interventions were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.

Results:
Nine studies including 7 controlled clinical trials were included. Interventions encompassed 6 types: acceptance and commitment therapy, Adlerian counseling, integrated counseling, emotional freedom technique, art therapy, and psychotherapeutic programs for HB treatment. Except for the 2 types of counseling, all interventions were implemented in a group format, with total sessions ranging from 4 to 15 (average 8.11). Most interventions significantly improved HB symptoms compared to the waitlist or before-and-after comparisons. In the before-after comparison, the most frequently reported outcome of effectiveness was the HB Scale total score (100%, 6/6), followed by state anger (50%, 3/6), and state anxiety (50%, 2/4). For other outcomes, statistically significant positive results were reported in less than half of the cases, or there were only a small number of reported cases.

Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this systematic review comprehensively investigated the effectiveness of psychotherapy for HB and found evidence for some psychotherapies not previously presented in the clinical practice guidelines for HB. However, methodological limitations, including the lack of an appropriate control group, make it difficult to obtain high-quality evidence on psychotherapy for HB.
Personalized aesthetic management of skeletal Class II malocclusion with a combined approach of orthodontic, orthognathic, and prosthodontic treatment: A case report
Authors: Nie Jinhan , Hu Min , Qi Huichuan , Mao Zhi , Wu Zhina , Duan Mengna , Wu Guomin , Yang Xue , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
The 6 elements of orofacial harmony play a crucial role in establishing individual aesthetics in orthodontics and orthognathic treatments. The use of digital tools streamlines multidisciplinary treatment processes and facilitates the attainment of precise outcomes.

Patient concerns:
The patient required orthodontic treatment because of a convex profile. UR1 was missing because of trauma and was replaced with a fixed bridge.

Diagnoses:
The patient presented with a skeletal Class II relationship and a deep overbite. Diagnosis based on the 6 elements of orofacial harmony identified an overdeveloped maxilla, a relatively normal mandible, and an underdeveloped chin with a vertical growth pattern.

Interventions:
To address these issues, a combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment plan was implemented with a detailed surgical protocol developed according to these 6 elements. Customized brackets and 3D-printed occlusal plates were used in this study. After completing orthodontic treatment, an anterior prosthesis was designed using 3D digital technology to restore occlusal function and enhance anterior aesthetics.

Outcomes:
Post-treatment, the patient demonstrated reduced facial convexity, a flattened nasolabial sulcus, balanced occlusal forces, and restored occlusal function.

Lessons:
The outcomes of this case highlight the crucial role of the 6 elements of orofacial harmony in guiding the design and aesthetic planning of orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. In addition, the use of personalized treatment tools significantly enhances the treatment accuracy.
Nevus lipomatosus superficialis mimicking ectopic breast tissue: A rare case report
Authors: Hwang Hui Beom , Yoon Sehoon , Hong Ki Yong 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
Diagnosis of solitary superficial lipomatous mass may vary depending on circumstances. Although preliminary diagnosis can be made through clinical symptoms and imaging studies, final diagnosis can change through histological examination. This is the first reported case of nevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS) resembling ectopic breast tissue which may provide valuable insights for clinicians managing similar lesions.

Patient concerns:
A 41-year-old female had a solitary mass on her left lower flank, lasting more than 10 years with cyclic pain corresponding to her menstrual cycle.

Diagnoses:
A computed tomography scan suggested benign subcutaneous lipoma, but histopathological examination after surgery confirmed the diagnosis of NLS.

Interventions:
Surgical excision was performed without complications.

Outcomes:
No regrowth of the lipomatous mass was observed at the 6-month follow-up, and there was no recurrence of cyclic pain.

Lessons:
This report aims to discuss an unusual presentation of NLS that mimics ectopic breast tissue and causes cyclic pain related to the menstrual cycle. Understanding this case provides insights into the potential hormonal influence on focal adipose tumors and the challenges in differential diagnosis.
Ischemic intestinal stenosis complicated with portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Li Jie , Chang Yuan , Ma Qian , Ke Jun , Ren Zhijian , Jia Zongliang 
Published: February 2025

Rationale:
The main complication of the portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis is intestinal infarction due to acute intestinal ischemia. However, in a small number of cases, chronic ischemia-induced bowel stenosis also occurs, and there are no published articles with a comprehensive literature review on this late complication. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the progression and clinical features of intestinal stenosis which is caused by thrombosis of the PV and SMV, and to share therapeutic experience.

Patient concerns:
We report 4 cases of ischemic intestinal stenosis occurring 4–8 weeks after successful treatment of PV and SMV thrombosis, and retrospectively analyzed the literature from 1990 to July 2024 for relevant cases to report.

Diagnoses:
All 4 patients were admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain and were diagnosed with ischemic intestinal stenosis complicated with PV and SMV thrombosis through imaging studies.

Interventions:
The 4 patients received thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy due to PV and SMV thrombosis. Subsequently, they underwent partial small bowel resection and double enterostomy because of the development of intestinal stenosis.

Outcomes:
Postoperative follow-up was conducted for the patients. Three patients underwent enterostomy reduction with a favorable prognosis, while 1 patient was lost to follow-up.

Lessons:
Patients with PV and SMV thrombosis should receive prompt anticoagulant or interventional therapy. In addition, closer follow-up should be carried out to ensure an earlier diagnosis of ischemic intestinal stenosis, leading to more timely treatment and a better prognosis.
Association of type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis and fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Yang , Dong Bo , Li Yue , Liu Ying , Shen Li 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Osteoporosis, a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and increased fracture risk, poses significant social and economic challenges globally, while type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent metabolic disorder, has been linked to complex effects on bone health, including contradictory findings on its relationship with osteoporosis and fracture risk.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science Library to identify observational studies investigating whether people with T2DM have a higher risk of osteoporosis or fracture than people without diabetes. The time limit for literature retrieval was from the establishment of the database until March 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality checklist. The meta-analysis was conducted using Stata 15, and a random-effects model was used if I2 was > 50%. The Egger test was used to assess publication bias.

Results:
The results demonstrated that people with T2DM have a higher risk of osteoporosis. (relative risk, 1.841; 95% confidence interval, 1.219–2.780; P = .004). Similar results were demonstrated for fractures (relative risk, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.31; P < .001). However, the results of the subgroup analysis showed no significant correlation between T2DM and fractures in univariate analysis, cross-sectional studies, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and vertebral fractures. However, a significant correlation was found in other subgroup analyses.

Conclusions:
Osteoporosis and fractures are significantly associated with T2DM.
Gender equality in education and community pharmacy practice in the Middle East: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Alshahrani Ali 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Most of the world has made progress towards attaining gender equality in education and practice of healthcare. Nevertheless, in the Middle East, noting restrictive social and religious norms, there are questions as to whether such equality witnessed in other parts of the world is a reality in this region.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of 4 electronic databases was carried out for literature on gender equality on education and community pharmacy practice in the Middle East. A total of 9 articles directly addressing issues on the study topic within the Middle East were included in the systematic review.

Results:
The findings showed good progress in educational attainments across most of the Middle Eastern region. Women and men alike have almost equal chances in education, with some nations like Saudi Arabia having more women than men graduating from universities. However, there are high-level disparities in community pharmacy practice, where despite many of the workers in pharmacy within the region being women, their representation in top positions in pharmacy is very low. They also earn less than their male counterparts, and at times they are forced to engage in unpaid healthcare work like it recently emerged in Lebanon following the financial crisis within the nation. Barriers such as restricted mobility, gendered social roles, and discrimination at work present as the key factors fueling the inequality levels witnessed in the region in pharmacy practice.

Conclusions:
The Middle East is a region that like other parts of the world, is making good progress towards equality in education. However, such equality in education appears not to translate to equal job opportunities in the practice of community pharmacy, pointing to a need for relevant stakeholders to engage in measures for addressing the identified barriers that prevent women from fully equaling men in healthcare practice for the benefit of the larger society.