bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State estimation and error diagnosis in industrial fed‐batch yeast fermentation
Authors: Hocalar A. , Türker M. , Öztürk S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMeasurements provide the basis for monitoring and control of industrial processes as well as model development and validation. Therefore, systematic approaches are of great value to increase accuracy and reliability of measurements. In bioprocesses, linear conservation relations such as elements and enthalpy can be employed to relate conversion rates. In this work, a systematic approach has been applied to production scale fed‐batch yeast fermentations. The six data sets obtained from two industrial size bubble columns, one with 25 m3 volumes and the other with 100 m3 volumes, are analyzed for state estimation and error diagnosis. A statistical test is employed for error diagnosis. The serial elimination method is used to analyze and locate the source of errors. The conversion rates are calculated from primary measurements such as flow rates, temperatures, and concentrations. When available measurements are more than the degrees of freedom of the system, it is said that the system is redundant. The redundancy is, therefore, used for error detection and data reconciliation for the six data sets in this work. In addition to elemental balances, heat balance has been set up for the bubble columns, and metabolic heat production rate is employed as an additional measurement. The redundancy is employed for state estimation, and biomass concentration and specific growth rate have been estimated with great accuracy. The estimations can be further used for process monitoring and control. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Case‐control and within‐family tests for an association between conduct disorder and 5HTTLPR
Authors: Sakai Joseph T. , Young Susan E. , Stallings Michael C. , Timberlake David , Smolen Andrew , Stetler Gary L. , Crowley Thomas J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSeveral lines of research have suggested that serotonin dysfunction is associated with aggression, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region (s, short and l, long allele variant) of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) that results in decreased transcription of the serotonin transporter gene has been linked with such serotonin dysfunction. To test for an association between 5HTTLPR genotype and conduct disorder diagnosis/aggression. Analysis for association between 5HTTLPR and conduct disorder/aggression using a case‐control design and the transmission disequilibrium test. Conduct‐disordered adolescents, who were drawn from admissions to a program that treats adolescents with serious substance and behavior problems, and conduct‐disordered siblings of these patients (n, 297) were compared with non‐conduct‐disordered control adolescents and non‐conduct‐disordered siblings of these controls (n, 93). Second, using patient families where parental DNA was available, transmission disequilibrium tests were conducted for two phenotypes: (1) conduct disorder (74 trios), and (2) conduct disorder with at least one aggressive symptom (57 trios). Case‐control analyses suggested a strong association between the ss genotype and conduct disorder (χ = 14.3; P < 0.01). Within‐family analyses for conduct disorder with at least one aggressive symptom significantly favored greater transmission of the s‐allele to affected offspring (χ = 4.13; P = 0.04); for conduct disorder, without aggressive symptoms, however, results were non‐significant (χ = 1.61; P = 0.20). These data suggest that the s‐allele may confer some risk for aggressive behavior or may be in linkage disequilibrium with such an allele. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density Functional Embedded Cluster Study of Cu4, Ag4 and Au4 Species Interacting with Oxygen Vacancies on the MgO(001) Surface
Authors: Neyman Konstantin M. , Inntam Chan , Moskaleva Lyudmila V. , Rösch Notker 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCu4, Ag4, and Au4 species adsorbed on an MgO(001) surface that exhibits neutral (Fs) and charged (Fs+) oxygen vacancies have been studied using a density functional approach and advanced embedding models. The gas‐phase rhombic‐planar structure of the coinage metal tetramers is only moderately affected by adsorption. In the most stable surface configuration, the plane of the tetramers is oriented perpendicular to the MgO(001) surface; one metal atom is attached to an oxygen vacancy and another one is bound to a nearby surface oxygen anion. A very similar structural motif was recently found on defect‐free MgO(001), where two O2− ions serve as adsorption sites. Following the trend of the interactions with the regular MgO(001) surface, Au4 and Cu4 bind substantially stronger to Fs and Fs+ sites than Ag4. This stronger adsorption interaction at oxygen vacancies, in particular at Fs, is partly due to a notable accumulation of electron density on the adsorbates. We also examined the propensity of small supported metal species to aggregate to adsorbed di‐, tri‐ and tetramers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that core‐level ionization potentials offer the possibility for detecting experimentally supported metal tetramers and characterizing them structurally with the help of calculated data.
Polymer Matrix Effects on the Nonlinear Optical Response of Incorporated Chromophore: New Analytical Models
Authors: Balakina Marina Yu. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new approach aimed at the modeling of the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of a dipole chromophore incorporated into a locally anisotropic, deformable, polarizable polymer matrix is suggested. The general continuum methodology is used with a specific cavity ansatz being employed; the cavity is chosen to be conformal to the characteristic ellipsoid of the generalized permittivity tensor of the polymer medium. The suggested ansatz allows the electrostatic boundary value problem to be solved analytically, and the local field experienced by the chromophore in the polymer electret to be found. Four analytically solvable models, which correspond to two singular and two nonsingular models, are considered; in two of them the chromophore is characterized by singular dipole and quadrupole moments; the other two use the approximation of the electric moment of the chromophore with that of the polarized ellipsoid. The relation between the macroscopic polymer properties and the microscopic characteristics of the NLO chromophore is established. The compliance of the obtained formulas for the local field with those of the classical Onsager approach is analyzed, and their specific features are considered.
Evolution of arthropod visual systems: Development of the eyes and central visual pathways in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura)
Authors: Harzsch Steffen , Vilpoux Kathia , Blackburn David C. , Platchetzki David , Brown Nadean L. , Melzer Roland , Kempler Karen E. , Battelle Barbara A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDorsal view of a larva of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) showing the paired lateral eyes and the median eyes. See Harzsch et al., Developmental Dynamics 235:2641–2655.
Equivalent inductance of power‐distribution planes in multilayer printed circuit boards and capacitor allocation for decoupling
Authors: Harada Takashi , Kobayashi Naoki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn order to obtain a design guideline related to the optimum allocation of decoupling capacitor to reduce unwanted electromagnetic wave radiation due to voltage variation and to supply the charge needed for chip operation in a multilayered printed circuit board, the equivalent inductance of the power distribution system is quantitatively analyzed. The power distribution system is represented by a two‐dimensional equivalent circuit network and is analyzed. It is found that the parasitic inductance becomes smaller as the distance between the power distribution plane and the ground plane decreases. Further, this result is applied to optimum allocation of the capacitor near the LSI power distribution pin for suppression of LSI malfunctions and to quantification of the radiation suppression effect of capacitor allocation near the via hole that is generated in the interconnect processing of the signal pattern through the power distribution plane and the ground plane. The relationship of the spacing between the planes to the distance between the power distribution pin and the capacitor is formulated so as to keep the power distribution voltage variations within a certain range. Also formulated is the relationship of the radiation suppression effect to the distance between the via hole and the capacitor location in order to obtain constant radiation suppression efficiency. In this way, specific design values of capacitor allocation are obtained for suppression of LSI malfunctions and unwanted electromagnetic radiation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 27–35, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20154
An acetylene (13 C2H2) stabilized single‐polarization fiber laser
Authors: Kasai Keisuke , Yoshida Masato , Nakazawa Masataka 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we report on a nonmodulated output‐type frequency stabilized fiber laser that uses an absorption line of the acetylene molecule. First, in this fiber laser, a single‐frequency oscillation was formed by inserting into the resonator a 3.7‐GHz super‐narrow‐band optical filter that uses a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Next, fully 2‐GHz continuous tuning of the oscillation frequency was achieved by tuning while synchronizing the central frequency of the FBG and the laser resonance frequency. We succeeded in stabilizing the oscillation frequency of this laser at a linear absorption line of the molecule (line width approximately 700 MHz) of an acetylene absorption cell set up externally. The stability of the optical frequency estimated from the error signal (Allan variance) was highly stable, namely, 1.7×10−10 for an integration time of 1 s and 1.7×10−11 for 102s. Its oscillation linewidth was approximately 6 kHz, and thus a narrow‐linewidth single‐polarization frequency‐stabilized laser was realized. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 9–17, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20235
Balance type pair transmission line for 60‐GHz band using multi‐layer substrate
Authors: Nakase Hiroyuki , Oshima Shoichi , Fujii Takashi , Kameda Suguru , Isota Yoji , Tsubouchi Kazuo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFor a high‐density multilayer substrate ALIVH, balanced pair transmission lines on which 60‐GHz signals can be transmitted are proposed. First, it is shown that transmission of millimeter wave signals is difficult due to impedance mismatch of the vias in the conventional unbalanced transmission lines. Further, it is shown that transmission at up to 90 GHz is possible by a design such that the microstrip line on the surface, the strip line in the inner layer, and the vias connecting each layer have the same transmission line spacing and the same characteristic impedance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 1–8, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20249
Uncalibrated 3D visual servoing from projective reconstruction of control values
Authors: Adachi Jun , Sato Jun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractVisual servoing has been widely studied as a robust method for controlling a robot that can deal with unpredictable disturbances. However, existing visual servoing methods require that the robot and camera be calibrated in advance. Although the current authors have previously proposed an uncalibrated visual servoing method that does not require the camera and robot to be calibrated, the starting position of the robot had a large influence on the control process in that method. This paper presents an uncalibrated visual servoing method that can control a robot in the same way from any starting position by determining control values without uncertainty in the magnitude. In particular, it is demonstrated that a robot can be accurately guided to a target position by using projective reconstruction, which has been studied extensively in recent years in the field of computer vision, by introducing the concept of the projection of control values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 89(10): 47–56, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20314
Morphology Control of CdSe Submicrostructures with High Hierarchy in Solution
Authors: Li Benxia , Jing Meng , Rong Guoxin , Xu Yang , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of CdSe submicrostructures, including rods, fringy structures, and fasciculate tubes with high hierarchy, have been selectively prepared by a facile one‐step solution‐based strategy without using any organic surfactants, simply by changing the feeding quantity of aqueous ammonia (25 % NH3). The growth mechanism based on kinetic control is discussed for the selective formation of the CdSe submicrostructures with special morphologies. In the present reaction system, ammonia plays a dual role: providing an alkaline medium for the formation of Se2– and acting as a coordinating agent for cadmium cations in either the solution or the solid phase. The feeding quantity of aqueous ammonia greatly influences the rate of formation of the Se2– anion, and thus determines the final morphology of CdSe crystals. Compared with previous methods of preparing CdSe structures, this concise and novel one‐step route has special advantages, suggesting a new path for convenient synthesis of CdSe materials with novel morphology. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New Alkaline Earth Imide: MgCa(NH)2
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Liu Tao , Xiong Zhitao , Hu Jianjiang , Wu Guotao , Chen Ping , Wee Andrew T. S. , Yang Ping , Murata Kenji , Sakata Ko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe ternary imide of MgCa(NH)2 has been successfully synthesized for the first time by the mechanochemical reaction of Mg(NH2)2 and CaH2 at a molar ratio of 1:1. It was found that ca. four H atoms were desorbed per Mg(NH2)2‐CaH2 after 72 h of ball milling leaving a solid residue with the chemical composition of MgCa(NH)2. The solid residue exhibits an imide N–H stretching vibration at 3151 cm–1 and a cubic CaNH‐like structure. In addition, X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure examination at the Ca K‐edge indicates that six N atoms occupy the first coordination shell of the Ca center in an anticipated octahedral geometry, and Ca(Mg) atoms occupy the second coordination shell. The distances of Ca–N and Ca–Ca(Mg) in the newly formed MgCa(NH)2 structure calculated by ESDs are 2.46 and 3.47 Å, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
An Unusual Reaction of (β‐Dimethylaminoethoxy)triethyltin with Phenyltin Trichloride. The First X‐ray Structural Evidence of the Existence of Complexes R2SnXY·R2SnXY (R = Alkyl, Aryl; X, Y = Hal, OR, X ≠ Y) Both as Unsymmetrical Adducts [R2SnX2·R2SnY2] and Symmetrical Dimers [R2SnXY]2
Authors: Portnyagin Ivan A. , Nechaev Mikhail S. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Zemlyansky Nikolay N. , Borisova Irina V. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. , Ustynyuk Yuri A. , Lunin Valery V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe substituent exchange reaction of PhSnCl3 with [Et3Sn(OCH2CH2NMe2)] gives rise unexpectedly to the unsymmetrical adduct [Ph2SnCl2·Ph2Sn(OCH2CH2NMe2)2] (2). It has been unambiguously proved for the first time that compounds of the RSnX3 type are able to undergo the hydrocarbon substituent redistribution reaction. The analogous tin complexes [Et2SnCl2·Et2Sn(OMe)2] (5) and [Bu2Sn(OAc)2·Bu2Sn(OMe)2] (6), which have ligands other than β‐dimethylaminoethoxy and could be considered as “organotin analogs of Grignard reagents” have symmetrical dimeric structures, i.e., can be formulated as [Bu2Sn(OMe)(OAc)]2 and [Et2Sn(OMe)Cl]2, respectively. Both types of structures, viz., unsymmetrical adduct (2) and symmetrical dimer (5, 6), have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
DFT Investigation of the Potential of [H‐M{(NHCH2CH2)3X}] Catalysts (M = Mo, Ru, Os; X = N, P) for the Reduction of N2 to NH3 by H2
Authors: Hölscher Markus , Leitner Walter 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDFT calculations of model complexes [H‐M{(NHCH2CH2)3X}] (M = Mo, Ru, Os; X = N, P) were carried out to investigate the catalytic potential of these complexes towards the reduction of N2 to NH3 using only H2 as the reducing agent. Closed catalytic cycles were calculated for all three metal hydrides. The calculations showed that [H‐Mo{(NHCH2CH2)3N}], 1‐Mo, is not an appropriate catalyst due to very high activation barriers for several steps of the reaction (ΔH‡max = 69.1 kcal/mol). Much lower activation barriers were found for the Ru and Os catalysts [H‐Ru{(NHCH2CH2)3N}], 1‐Ru, and [H‐Os{(NHCH2CH2)3P}], 1‐Os(P). With ΔH‡max/ΔG‡max = 29.3/35.7 kcal/mol, 1‐Os(P) shows potential for future theoretical work. QM/MM calculations were used to investigate some properties of the Ru system empolying the hexaisopropylterphenyl ligand (HIPT). The results indicate that an HIPT substituent at the ligand core has a benefical influence on some reaction steps by lowering the activation barriers, while for other steps the activation energies increase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Narrowband PPM semi‐‘blind’ spatial‐rake receiver & co‐channel interference suppression
Authors: Wong Kainam Thomas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAmong the open‐literature on pulse‐position‐modulation (PPM) radiowave wireless communications, this work is first to advance a semi‐‘blind’/‘blind’ spatial‐rake receiver with interference‐rejection capability. This proposed adaptive ‘smart antennas’ detector uses the signal‐of‐interest's (SOI) earlier decoded information‐symbols to segment earlier collected data into two data‐groups: one data‐group with the SOI and co‐channel‐interference and noise, with the other data‐group containing only the latter two. These two data‐groups' spatial‐correlation matrices' generalised‐eigenvector maximises the ‘blind’ spatial beamformer's output signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio (SINR) withoutprior knowledge of (1) the multi‐access user interferers' (MAUI) arrival directions, delays nor powers, (2) the signal‐of‐interest's (SOI) spatial signature at the receiving sensor‐array, and (3) the mobile's receiving‐antennas' nominal/actual array‐geometry and gain/phase responses. This proposed scheme is semi‐‘blind’ because it needs a pilot sequence from the SOI.This means that the fading may be, but needs not be, statistically uncorrelated across the antennas in the mobile receiver.Copyright © 2006 AEIT
Signaling pathways of LIGHT induced macrophage migration and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Wei Chun‐Yu , Chou Yin‐Hsiang , Ho Feng‐Ming , Hsieh Shie‐Liang , Lin Wan‐Wan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe biological actions of LIGHT, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, are mediated by the interaction with lymphotoxin‐β receptor (LTβR) and/or herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). Previous study demonstrated high‐level expressions of LIGHT and HVEM receptors in atherosclerotic plaques. To investigate the role of LIGHT in the functioning of macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in relation to atherogenesis, we determined the effects of LIGHT on macrophage migration and VSMC proliferation. We found LIGHT through HVEM activation can induce both events. LIGHT‐induced macrophage migration was associated with activation of signaling kinases, including MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, NF‐κB, Src members, and FAK. Proliferation of VSMC was also shown relating to the activation of MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and NF‐κB, which consequently led to alter the expression of cell cycle regulatory molecules. Down‐regulation of p21, p27, and p53, and inversely up‐regulation of cyclin D and RB hyper‐phosphorylation were demonstrated. In conclusion, LIGHT acts as a novel mediator for macrophage migration and VSMC proliferation, suggesting its involvement in the atherogenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 735–743, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate protects oxidative stress‐induced increase of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells: Role of PI3K and Akt signaling
Authors: Lee Yun Jung , Lee Jang Hern , Han Ho Jae 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOxidative stress, the result of cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated in causing many renal diseases. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important extracellular signal in the regulation of many intracellular processes in normal tubular cells as well as in the pathogenesis of cell injury. This study investigated the effect of ATP on H2O2‐induced increase of cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKI) expression and its related signal molecules in primary cultured renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs). H2O2 inhibited DNA synthesis in a concentration‐ (>50 µM) and time‐dependent manner (>2 h), as determined by thymidine and BrdU incorporation, and by increase in the p21WAF/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression levels. In contrast, ATP increased the level of thymidine, BrdU incorporation (>10−5 M), and decreased the p21WAF/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression levels, suggesting that ATP has a protective effect against H2O2‐induced oxidative damage. Suramin, reactive blue 2 (RB‐2), MRS 2159, and MRS 2179 did block the reversing effect of ATP. In addition, AMP‐CPP or 2‐methylthio‐ATP blocked H2O2‐induced inhibition of DNA synthesis, suggesting all these P2 purinoceptors may be potentially involved. ATP‐induced stimulation of DNA synthesis was blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) and Akt inhibitors. These results suggest the involvement of P2 purinoceptors‐mediated PI3K/Akt signal pathway in the protective effect of ATP against H2O2‐induced oxidative damage. Indeed, pre‐treatment with PI3K or Akt inhibitors did not protect H2O2‐induced lipid peroxide (LPO) production and inhibition of thymidine incorporation. In conclusion, ATP, in part, blocked H2O2‐induced increase of p21WAF1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression through PI3K and Akt signal pathway in renal PTCs. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 802–810, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.