bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with wife beating in Egypt: Analysis of two surveys (1995 and 2005)
Authors: Akmatov Manas K , Mikolajczyk Rafael T , Labeeb Shokria , Dhaher Enas , Khan Md Mobarak 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Wife beating is an important public health problem in many developing countries. We assessed the rates of wife beating and examined factors associated with wife beating in 1995 and 2005 in Egypt.

Methods
We used data from two Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in Egypt in 1995 and 2005 using multistage household sampling. Data related to wife beating included information from 7122 women in 1995 and 5612 women in 2005. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors independently associated with wife beating. Special weights were used to obtain nationally representative estimates.

Results
In 1995 17.5% of married women in Egypt experienced wife beating in the last 12 months, in 2005 – 18.9% or 16.0%, using different measures. The association between socio-demographic differentials and wife beating was weaker in the newer survey. The 12-month prevalence of wife beating was lower only when both partners were educated, but the differences across education levels were less pronounced in 2005. Based on the information available in the 2005 survey, more educated women experienced less severe forms of wife beating than less educated women.

Conclusion
Different measures used in both surveys make a direct comparison difficult. The observed patterns indicate that the changes in prevalence may be masked by two opposite processes occurring in the society: a decrease in (severe forms of) wife beating and an increase in reporting of wife beating. Improving the access to education for women and raising education levels in the whole society may help reducing wife beating.
Validity of a self-reported measure of familial history of obesity
Authors: Paradis Ann-Marie , Pérusse Louis , Godin Gaston , Vohl Marie-Claude 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Familial history information could be useful in clinical practice. However, little is known about the accuracy of self-reported familial history, particularly self-reported familial history of obesity (FHO).

Methods
Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. The aims of study 1 was to compare self-reported and objectively measured weight and height whereas the aims of study 2 were to examine the relationship between the weight and height estimations reported by the study participants and the values provided by their family members as well as the validity of a self-reported measure of FHO. Study 1 was conducted between 2004 and 2006 among 617 subjects and study 2 was conducted in 2006 among 78 participants.

Results
In both studies, weight and height reported by the participants were significantly correlated with their measured values (study 1: r = 0.98 and 0.98; study 2: r = 0.99 and 0.97 respectively; p < 0.0001). Estimates of weight and height for family members provided by the study participants were strongly correlated with values reported by each family member (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively; p < 0.0001). Substantial agreement between the FHO reported by the participants and the one obtained by calculating the BMI of each family members was observed (kappa = 0.72; p < 0.0001). Sensitivity (90.5%), specificity (82.6%), positive (82.6%) and negative (90.5%) predictive values of FHO were very good.

Conclusion
A self-reported measure of FHO is valid, suggesting that individuals are able to detect the presence or the absence of obesity in their first-degree family members.
FDG-PET/CT imaging for staging and radiotherapy treatment planning of head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Deantonio Letizia , Beldì Debora , Gambaro Giuseppina , Loi Gianfranco , Brambilla Marco , Inglese Eugenio , Krengli Marco 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
Positron emission tomography (PET) has a potential improvement for staging and radiation treatment planning of various tumor sites. We analyzed the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/computed tomography (CT) images for staging and target volume delineation of patients with head and neck carcinoma candidates for radiotherapy.

Methods
Twenty-two patients candidates for primary radiotherapy, who did not receive any curative surgery, underwent both CT and PET/CT simulation. Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) was contoured on CT (CT-GTV), PET (PET-GTV), and PET/CT images (PET/CT-GTV). The resulting volumes were analyzed and compared.

Results
Based on PET/CT, changes in TNM categories and clinical stage occurred in 5/22 cases (22%). The difference between CT-GTV and PET-GTV was not statistically significant (p = 0.2) whereas the difference between the composite volume (PET/CT-GTV) and CT-GTV was statistically significant (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
PET/CT fusion images could have a potential impact on both tumor staging and treatment planning.
Hope, despair and transformation: Climate change and the promotion of mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Fritze Jessica G , Blashki Grant A , Burke Susie , Wiseman John 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Background
This article aims to provide an introduction to emerging evidence and debate about the relationship between climate change and mental health.

Discussion and Conclusion
The authors argue that:
i) the direct impacts of climate change such as extreme weather events will have significant mental health implications;
ii) climate change is already impacting on the social, economic and environmental determinants of mental health with the most severe consequences being felt by disadvantaged communities and populations;
iii) understanding the full extent of the long term social and environmental challenges posed by climate change has the potential to create emotional distress and anxiety; and
iv) understanding the psycho-social implications of climate change is also an important starting point for informed action to prevent dangerous climate change at individual, community and societal levels.
An acutely ischaemic hand in a young adult due to subclavian artery aneurysm (SAA) caused by a cervical rib: A case report
Authors: Tam Karen , Seneviratne Kanchana , Pathak Rajiv , Jayatunga Ajantha 
Published: September 2008

Abstract

Introduction
True subclavian artery aneurysms are relatively rare lesions. Thoracic outlet compression is responsible for 75% of aneurysms. They are formed as a result of compression by, for example a cervical rib.

Case Presentation
We present a case of subclavian artery aneurysm secondary to a cervical rib in a 25-year-old young Asian adult, who presented with an acutely ischaemic upper limb. A Computed Tomography angiogram revealed a right sided cervical rib and sacular aneurysm in the mid-portion of the subclavian artery.

Conclusion
Although it is a rare condition, it is important to be aware especially in the young age group. Surgical management has very favourable outcomes in these patients.
Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS)
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Tao , Meyer Clifford A , Eeckhoute Jérôme , Johnson David S , Bernstein Bradley E , Nusbaum Chad , Myers Richard M , Brown Myles , Li Wei , Liu X Shirley 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq data, MACS, which analyzes data generated by short read sequencers such as Solexa's Genome Analyzer. MACS empirically models the shift size of ChIP-Seq tags, and uses it to improve the spatial resolution of predicted binding sites. MACS also uses a dynamic Poisson distribution to effectively capture local biases in the genome, allowing for more robust predictions. MACS compares favorably to existing ChIP-Seq peak-finding algorithms, and is freely available.
NetGrep: fast network schema searches in interactomes
Authors: Banks Eric , Nabieva Elena , Peterson Ryan , Singh Mona 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNetGrep (http://genomics.princeton.edu/singhlab/netgrep/) is a system for searching protein interaction networks for matches to user-supplied 'network schemas'. Each schema consists of descriptions of proteins (for example, their molecular functions or putative domains) along with the desired topology and types of interactions among them. Schemas can thus describe domain-domain interactions, signaling and regulatory pathways, or more complex network patterns. NetGrep provides an advanced graphical interface for specifying schemas and fast algorithms for extracting their matches.
Transplanted astrocytes derived from BMP- or CNTF-treated glial-restricted precursors have opposite effects on recovery and allodynia after spinal cord injury
Authors: Davies Jeannette E , Pröschel Christoph , Zhang Ningzhe , Noble Mark , Mayer-Pröschel Margot , Davies Stephen JA 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Background
Two critical challenges in developing cell-transplantation therapies for injured or diseased tissues are to identify optimal cells and harmful side effects. This is of particular concern in the case of spinal cord injury, where recent studies have shown that transplanted neuroepithelial stem cells can generate pain syndromes.

Results
We have previously shown that astrocytes derived from glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs) treated with bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) can promote robust axon regeneration and functional recovery when transplanted into rat spinal cord injuries. In contrast, we now show that transplantation of GRP-derived astrocytes (GDAs) generated by exposure to the gp130 agonist ciliary neurotrophic factor (GDAsCNTF), the other major signaling pathway involved in astrogenesis, results in failure of axon regeneration and functional recovery. Moreover, transplantation of GDACNTF cells promoted the onset of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at 2 weeks after injury, an effect that persisted through 5 weeks post-injury. Delayed onset of similar neuropathic pain was also caused by transplantation of undifferentiated GRPs. In contrast, rats transplanted with GDAsBMP did not exhibit pain syndromes.

Conclusion
Our results show that not all astrocytes derived from embryonic precursors are equally beneficial for spinal cord repair and they provide the first identification of a differentiated neural cell type that can cause pain syndromes on transplantation into the damaged spinal cord, emphasizing the importance of evaluating the capacity of candidate cells to cause allodynia before initiating clinical trials. They also confirm the particular promise of GDAs treated with bone morphogenetic protein for spinal cord injury repair.
Molecular Profiling of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary and Correlation With Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Varadhachary Gauri R. , Talantov Dmitri , Raber Martin N. , Meng Christina , Hess Kenneth R. , Jatkoe Tim , Lenzi Renato , Spigel David R. , Wang Yixin , Greco F. Anthony , Abbruzzese James L. , Hainsworth John D. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of a 10-gene reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay to identify the tissue of origin in patients with carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) site. Patients and Methods Diagnostic biopsy formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens from 120 patients with CUP were collected retrospectively from Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, and prospectively from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX. Tissue of origin assignments by the assay were correlated with clinical and pathologic features and with response to therapy. Results The assay was successfully performed in 104 patients (87%), and a tissue of origin was assigned in 63 patients (61%). In the remaining 41 patients (39%), the molecular profiles were not specific for the six tumor types detectable by this assay. The tissues of origin most commonly identified were lung, pancreas, and colon; most of these patients had clinical and pathologic features consistent with these diagnoses. Patients with lung and pancreas profiles had poor response to treatment. Patients with colon cancer profiles had better response to colon cancer–specific therapies than they did to empiric CUP therapy with taxane/platinum regimens. Patients with ovarian cancer profiles were atypical, with widespread visceral metastases and a paucity of overt peritoneal involvement. Conclusion This gene expression profiling assay was feasible using FFPE biopsy specimens and identified a putative tissue of origin in 61% of patients with CUP. In most patients, the assigned tissue of origin was compatible with clinicopathologic features and response to treatment. Prospective studies in which assay results are used to direct therapy are indicated.
Gene Expression Signatures Predictive of Early Response and Outcome in High-Risk Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Children's Oncology Group Study
Authors: Bhojwani Deepa , Kang Huining , Menezes Renee X. , Yang Wenjian , Sather Harland , Moskowitz Naomi P. , Min Dong-Joon , Potter Jeffrey W. , Harvey Richard , Hunger Stephen P. , Seibel Nita , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Pieters Rob , Horstmann Martin A. , Relling Mary V. , den Boer Monique L. , Willman Cheryl L. , Carroll William L. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose To identify children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at initial diagnosis who are at risk for inferior response to therapy by using molecular signatures. Patients and Methods Gene expression profiles were generated from bone marrow blasts at initial diagnosis from a cohort of 99 children with National Cancer Institute–defined high-risk ALL who were treated uniformly on the Children's Oncology Group (COG) 1961 study. For prediction of early response, genes that correlated to marrow status on day 7 were identified on a training set and were validated on a test set. An additional signature was correlated with long-term outcome, and the predictive models were validated on three large, independent patient cohorts. Results We identified a 24–probe set signature that was highly predictive of day 7 marrow status on the test set (P = .0061). Pathways were identified that may play a role in early blast regression. We have also identified a 47–probe set signature (which represents 41 unique genes) that was predictive of long-term outcome in our data set as well as three large independent data sets of patients with childhood ALL who were treated on different protocols. However, we did not find sufficient evidence for the added significance of these genes and the derived predictive models when other known prognostic features, such as age, WBC, and karyotype, were included in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion Genes and pathways that play a role in early blast regression may identify patients who may be at risk for inferior responses to treatment. A fully validated predictive gene expression signature was defined for high-risk ALL that provided insight into the biologic mechanisms of treatment failure.
Gene Expression Profiling to Identify the Histogenetic Origin of Metastatic Adenocarcinomas of Unknown Primary
Authors: Horlings Hugo M. , van Laar Ryan K. , Kerst Jan-Martijn , Helgason Helgi H. , Wesseling Jelle , van der Hoeven Jacobus J.M. , Warmoes Marc O. , Floore Arno , Witteveen Anke , Lahti-Domenici Jaana , Glas Annuska M. , Van't Veer Laura J. , de Jong Daphne 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary origin (ACUP) constitute approximately 4% of all malignancies. For effective treatment of these patients, it is considered optimal to identify the primary tumor origins. Currently, the success rate of the diagnostic work-up is only 20% to 30%. Our goal was to evaluate the contribution of gene expression profiling for routine clinical practice in patients with ACUP. Patients and Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were obtained from 84 patients with a known primary adenocarcinoma and from 38 patients with ACUP. An extensive immunohistochemical panel classified 16 of the patients with ACUP, whereas 22 patients remained unclassified for their histogenetic origin. Information about staging procedures and clinical follow-up were available in all patient cases. The expression data were analyzed in relation to clinicopathologic variables and immunohistochemical results. Results The gene expression–based assay classified the primary site correctly in 70 (83%) of 84 patient cases of primary and metastatic tumors of known origin, with good sensitivity for the majority of the tumor classes and relatively poor sensitivity for primary lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression profiling identified 15 (94%) of 16 patients with initial ACUP who were classified by immunohistochemistry, and it made a valuable contribution to a potential site of origin in 14 of the 22 patients with ACUP. Conclusion The gene expression platform can classify correctly from FFPE samples the majority of tumors classes both in patients with known primary and in patients with ACUP. Therefore, gene expression profiling represents an additional analytic approach to assist with the histogenetic diagnosis of patients with ACUP.
Identification of Cancer Care and Protocol Characteristics Associated With Recruitment in Breast Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Lemieux Julie , Goodwin Pamela J. , Pritchard Kathleen I. , Gelmon Karen A. , Bordeleau Louise J. , Duchesne Thierry , Camden Stéphanie , Speers Caroline H. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose It is estimated that only 5% of patients with cancer participate in a clinical trial. Barriers to participation may relate to available protocols, physicians, and patients, but few data exist on barriers related to cancer care environments and protocol characteristics. Methods The primary objective was to identify characteristics of cancer care environments and clinical trial protocols associated with a low recruitment into breast cancer clinical trials. Secondary objectives were to determine yearly recruitment fraction onto clinical trials from 1997 to 2002 in Ontario, Canada, and to compare recruitment fraction among years. Questionnaires were sent to hospitals requesting characteristics of cancer care environments and to cooperative groups/pharmaceutical companies for information on protocols and the number of patients recruited per hospital/year. Poisson regression was used to estimate the recruitment fraction. Results Questionnaire completion rate varied between 69% and 100%. Recruitment fraction varied between 5.4% and 8.5% according to year. More than 30% of patients were diagnosed in hospitals with no available trials. In multivariate analysis, the following characteristics were associated with recruitment: use of placebo versus not (relative risk [RR] = 0.80; P = .05), nonmetastatic versus metastatic trial (RR = 2.80; P < .01), and for nonmetastatic trials, protocol allowing an interval of 12 weeks or longer versus less than 12 weeks (from diagnosis, surgery, or end of therapy) before enrollment (RR = 1.36; P < .01). Conclusion Allowable interval of 12 weeks or longer to randomly assign patients in clinical trials could help recruitment. In our study, absence of an available clinical trial represented the largest barrier to recruitment.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Collaborative Care Management of Depression Among Low-Income Patients With Cancer
Authors: Ell Kathleen , Xie Bin , Quon Brenda , Quinn David I. , Dwight-Johnson Megan , Lee Pey-Jiuan 
Published: September 2008

Purpose To determine the effectiveness of the Alleviating Depression Among Patients With Cancer (ADAPt-C) collaborative care management for major depression or dysthymia. Patients and Methods Study patients included 472 low-income, predominantly female Hispanic patients with cancer age ≥ 18 years with major depression (49%), dysthymia (5%), or both (46%). Patients were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 242) or enhanced usual care (EUC; n = 230). Intervention patients had access for up to 12 months to a depression clinical specialist (supervised by a psychiatrist) who offered education, structured psychotherapy, and maintenance/relapse prevention support. The psychiatrist prescribed antidepressant medications for patients preferring or assessed to require medication. Results At 12 months, 63% of intervention patients had a 50% or greater reduction in depressive symptoms from baseline as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale compared with 50% of EUC patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.38; P = .01). Improvement was also found for 5-point decrease in PHQ-9 score among 72.2% of intervention patients compared with 59.7% of EUC patients (OR = 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.50; P = .02). Intervention patients also experienced greater rates of depression treatment (72.3% v 10.4% of EUC patients; P < .0001) and significantly better quality-of-life outcomes, including social/family (adjusted mean difference between groups, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.22 to 4.17; P < .001), emotional (adjusted mean difference, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.26 to 2.22; P = .01), functional (adjusted mean difference, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.08 to 2.59; P = .04), and physical well-being (adjusted mean difference, 2.79; 95% CI, 0.49 to 5.1; P = .02). Conclusion ADAPt-C collaborative care is feasible and results in significant reduction in depressive symptoms, improvement in quality of life, and lower pain levels compared with EUC for patients with depressive disorders in a low-income, predominantly Hispanic population in public sector oncology clinics.
Induction of Immune Responses and Clinical Efficacy in a Phase II Trial of IDM-2101, a 10-Epitope Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Vaccine, in Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Barve Minal , Bender James , Senzer Neil , Cunningham Casey , Greco F. Anthony , McCune David , Steis Ronald , Khong Hung , Richards Donald , Stephenson Joe , Ganesa Prasanthi , Nemunaitis Jackie , Ishioka Glenn , Pappen Beena , Nemunaitis Michael , Morse Michael , Mills Bonnie , Maples Phillip B. , Sherman Jeffrey , Nemunaitis John J. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeGeneration of broad cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against multiple epitopes and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) may provide effective immunotherapy in patients with cancer. We evaluated a single-vial peptide vaccine consisting of nine HLA-A2 supertype-binding epitopes (two native and seven analog epitopes modified for optimal HLA binding or T-cell receptor stimulation) covering five TAAs and the universal helper pan-DR epitope, formulated as a stable emulsion with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (Montanide ISA 51; Seppic SA, Paris, France). The clinical efficacy, safety, and multiepitope immunogenicity of IDM-2101 was evaluated in patients with stage IIIB or IV non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and MethodsA total of 63 patients were enrolled who were positive for HLA-A2. End points included survival, safety, and immune response. IDM-2101 (previously EP-2101) was administered every 3 weeks for the first 15 weeks, then every 2 months through year 1, then quarterly through year 2, for a total of 13 doses. Epitope-specific cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocyte immunogenic responses were measured by the interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay.ResultsNo significant adverse events were noted. Low-grade erythema and pain at the injection site were the most common adverse effects. One-year survival in the treated patients was 60%, and median survival was 17.3 months. One complete and one partial response were identified. Survival was longer in patients demonstrating an immune response to epitope peptides (P < .001).ConclusionIDM-2101 was well tolerated, and evidence of efficacy was suggested.