bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using M-Series with Adaptive Patterning to shrink PCB systems into System-In-Packages
Authors: Locke Justin , Davis Robin 
Published: February 2024

Traditional system-level design typically includes several Integrated Circuits (IC’s) that get individually packaged and implemented onto a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). This PCB includes the required support circuitry for the IC’s to complete the full system design. This architecture creates a system that is far larger and more power intensive than a single package. It also suffers from greater bandwidth and signal integrity limitations. To counter these shortcomings, many companies are migrating away from PCB to System-in-Package (SiP) designs. In a SiP design, these chips are integrated into a single package along with all the supporting passive devices. The die of the package may be configured through vertical stacking or lateral interconnects to improve design density. For semiconductor companies that design both the IC’s and the system-level PCB, there is an emerging trend in which the existing PCB designs are reused and re-purposed to generate a new SiP design. This allows for companies to leverage known-good design data to create a smaller form factor, higher density package, while requiring fewer engineering design hours. While the prominent solution for SiP designs has been laminate substrates, as the demand for further density scaling and heterogeneous integration grows, advanced packaging technologies are being leveraged. Using a fan-out RDL based solution can accommodate increased interconnect density and reduced layer count as compared to a laminate substrate. Deca’s Adaptive Patterning® technology ensures companies are able to manufacture fan-out wafer-level packages (FOWLP) with the highest possible yield. This paper details the benefits of migrating from PCB to package level integration as well as how utilizing Adaptive Patterning® technology further benefits this migration with increased density and performance as compared to traditional packaging technology
Solutions for Low Cost, Near Hermetic Air Cavity Packages
Authors: Lynch Karen , Zyriek Don 
Published: February 2024

The introduction of 5G networks includes both Macro Cell and Multiple-input, Multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Unique plastic air cavity solutions are available for both system types that address the continuous need for cost reduction while meeting high-frequency requirements. For today’s Air Cavity applications, expensive hermetic packaging is no longer required. Near hermetic, low-cost plastic packaging is replacing expensive ceramic packages and thus providing customers with reduced costs and faster time to market. In the Macro Cell space GaN Power Amplifiers (PA) are ramping to high volume production in 5G networks. The use of a Plastic air cavity package along with a copper flange vs a CPC flange provides the lower costs than ceramic packages while delivering better performance compared to an overmolded solution. RJR provides the package sidewall that attaches to the flange. A lid composed of low-cost LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer) attaches to the sidewall to complete the package assembly. Today’s Plastic air cavity, medium power package solutions can meet the requirements of Multiple-input, Multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays used in the 5G network, to be able to deliver high data rates to multiple users in dense urban areas. The package solution consists of a matrix lid panel that is attached to a populated PCB substrate. The packages described above are enabled with RJR proprietary B-stage epoxy. The use of the proper B-stage epoxy delivers a near-hermetic solution. The package assembly is completed by using a defined process technique that specifies time, temperature and pressure, that can utilize RJR’s Isothermal Seal Machines. This paper will provide insight on the plastic air cavity packages available for 5G applications along with reliability data and information on multi chip laminate solutions with a matrix air cavity lid that aids in lower assembly costs.
Reliability Investigations in Printed Electronic Assemblies
Authors: Dasgupta Abhijit , Zhao Beihan 
Published: February 2024

Aerosol-Jet Printing (AJP) technology is a popular additive manufacturing method for achieving complex net geometry with micron-level accuracy. This opens up new possibilities in fabrication of electronic assemblies in 3D curvilinear form factors. Therefore, it is vital to understand not only the performance of AJP printed electronics, but also their reliability under different kinds of life-cycle operational and environmental stresses. Electrochemical migration (ECM) under temperature-humidity-bias (THB) conditions can lead to dendritic growth, which can cause dielectric breakdown, leakage current, and unexpected short circuit. ECM propensity and life prediction models for THB conditions were studied for AJP printed coupons based on silver-nanoparticle (AgNP) inks. Cyclic thermo-mechanical fatigue was studied under accelerated temperature cycling testing and modeling. Failures were found to occur mostly at interconnect transition regions due to stress concentrations caused by sudden transitions in local architecture. Drop/Shock failures for extreme accelerations were studied using a high-G drop tower. Deformations were characterized using high-speed photography and transient finite element modeling was used to study high strain-rate failures. Acknowledgments: Jason Fleischer from the Laboratory for Physical Sciences, Harvey Tseng and Jian Yu from the Army Research Lab
Domestic Advanced Packaging for Hi-Rel Microelectronics: The Future is Now
Authors: Adams Jeremy 
Published: February 2024

Growing interest in and proliferation of heterogeneously integrated microsystems for enhanced performance of modules and microsystems. Recent years have seen significant adoption of these technologies in commercial applications, driven by major fabless device companies and 1 1st -tier vertically integrated foundries & OSATs. 67% of semiconductor wafer production at > 40nm node (Mario Morales, IDC presentation at 2022 WLPS) → integration of legacy and leading edge device technologies to produce microsystems.
The degree one Laguerre–Pólya class and the shuffle-word-embedding conjecture
Authors: Pascoe James E. , Woerdeman Hugo J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe discuss the class of functions, which are well approximated on compacta by the geometric mean of the eigenvalues of a unital (completely) positive map into a matrix algebra or more generally a type
$II_1$
factor, using the notion of a Fuglede–Kadison determinant. In two variables, the two classes are the same, but in three or more noncommuting variables, there are generally functions arising from type
$II_1$
von Neumann algebras, due to the recently established failure of the Connes embedding conjecture. The question of whether or not approximability holds for scalar inputs is shown to be equivalent to a restricted form of the Connes embedding conjecture, the so-called shuffle-word-embedding conjecture.
Transformer‐based reranking for improving Korean morphological analysis systems
Authors: Ryu Jihee , Lim Soojong , Kwon Oh‐Woog , Na Seung‐Hoon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a new approach in Korean morphological analysis combining dictionary‐based techniques with Transformer‐based deep learning models. The key innovation is the use of a BERT‐based reranking system, significantly enhancing the accuracy of traditional morphological analysis. The method generates multiple suboptimal paths, then employs BERT models for reranking, leveraging their advanced language comprehension. Results show remarkable performance improvements, with the first‐stage reranking achieving over 20% improvement in error reduction rate compared with existing models. The second stage, using another BERT variant, further increases this improvement to over 30%. This indicates a significant leap in accuracy, validating the effectiveness of merging dictionary‐based analysis with contemporary deep learning. The study suggests future exploration in refined integrations of dictionary and deep learning methods as well as using probabilistic models for enhanced morphological analysis. This hybrid approach sets a new benchmark in the field and offers insights for similar challenges in language processing applications.
Bloqueo auriculoventricular de tercer grado: caso clínico
Authors: Loaiza Fernanda , Morgado María , Yambay Xavier 
Published: February 2024

El bloqueo auriculoventricular (BAV) es un trastorno eléctrico cardíaco caracterizado por una conducción alterada de las aurículas a los ventrículos. Este artículo tiene por objetivo reportar el caso clínico de una paciente con BAV de tercer grado sintomático y realizar una revisión de la literatura de los factores de riesgo, diagnóstico y tratamiento. La metodología aplicada fue un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en: Google Académico, PubMed, Science Direct y en Scielo de estudios de los últimos cinco años en español e inglés. Se seleccionaron 36 publicaciones. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: hipertensión, edad avanzada, sexo masculino, bradicardia marcada, etc. El diagnóstico se basa en el electrocardiograma para determinar el BAV, el ecocardiograma transtorácico. El tratamiento requiere de la implantación de un marcapasos (MP) definitivo, concluyendo que es importante monitorizar periódicamente el funcionamiento del MP implantado para prevenir complicaciones.
Socio-demographic factors of fashion purchase. A case of apparel consumption among kenyan university students
Authors: Kimemia Millicent Wamuyu 
Published: February 2024

There has been a rapid growth of global fashion industry. Kenya like other developing nations is fighting for a slice of this growth and positioning itself as a competitive contributor to the same. In this regard, both the fashion marketers and the academia are becoming increasingly interested in variables of fashion consumption. This paper investigated the relationship between the socio-demographic characteristics of university students and apparel purchase. Demographic characteristics of students such as age, gender, marital status and religion play a key role in students’ apparel fashion consumption decision making. Targeting 4 public and 16 private universities, this study sampled 7 universities and 534 students. However, 503 questionnaires were completed hence used. Using a questionnaire to collect data, a chi square tested the null hypothesis; Socio-demographic characteristics of university students have no relationship with their apparel consumption. Results showed that there was no significant relationship between age and fashion need conceptualization (x2 = 7.905, df =5, p-value = 0.162) among university students. There was no significant relationship between students’ gender and evaluation of all information before making an apparel purchase (p-value = 0.066) though females were more likely to conceptualize a need before buying new clothes than males. The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between marital status of students and evaluation between possible alternatives (p-value =0.043). Religion of the students had no significant relationship with any stage of fashion consumption. Summatively, the study results showed that demographic characteristics of respondents had no significant relationship with apparel fashion consumption decision making among university students (chi-square = 15.000, df = 12 and p-value = 0.241).
Characteristics of the drug market as a sector of the shadow economy
Authors: Тотоев Р.Р. 
Published: February 2024

В статье предпринята попытка выделить ключевые моменты характеристики наркорынков. При изучении внутренних закономерностей рынка наркотиков автор опирается на общие принципы функционирования экономики легального сектора, на теоретические выводы, полученные при изучении криминального сектора теневой экономики, рынка легальных аддиктивных товаров. Автором выявляются ключевые характеристики наркорынков, которые можно подразделить на две группы: типичные для всего криминального сектора теневой экономики и специфичные для рынков наркотиков.
The article attempts to highlight the key characteristics of drug markets. When studying the internal patterns of the drug market, the author relies on the general principles of the functioning of the economy of the legal sector, on theoretical conclusions obtained from studying the criminal sector of the shadow economy, the market of legal addictive goods. The author identifies the key characteristics of drug markets, which can be divided into two groups: typical for the entire criminal sector of the shadow economy and specific for drug markets.
PENGARUH BUDAYA GHASAB TERHADAP EGOISME SANTRI
Authors: Fitriyah  , Rosyid Muhammad , Ali Mahsun  
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: Pertama, budaya ghasab yang ada dalam lingkungan pondok; tingkat egoisme santri pondok pesantren. Kedua, untuk mengatahui pengaruh budaya ghasab terhadap egoisme santri pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an Darul Falah 3 Cukir Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan 50 santri aktif Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an Darul Falah 3 Cukir Jombang. adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t. instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian: pertama, budaya ghasab dilingkungan pondok pesantren sering terjadi. Tingkat egoisme santri tergolong tinggi. Kedua, terdapat pengaruh budaya ghasab terhadap egoisme santri.
Quantum yields of CHDO above 300 nm
Authors: Röth Ernst-Peter , Vereecken Luc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The photolysis of mono-deuterated formaldehyde, CHDO, is a critical process in the deuterium enrichment of stratospheric hydrogen formed from methane. In this work, a consistent description of the quantum yields of the molecular and radical channels of the CHDO photolysis is deduced from literature data. The fluorescence measurements of Miller and Lee (1978) provided a first data set to deduce the product quantum yields. An alternative analysis is based on the measured quantum-yield spectrum for the radical channel of the CD2O photolysis by McQuigg and Calvert (1969), which is corrected for wavelength dependency and combined with the CH2O quantum-yield spectrum to provide an approximation for CHDO. Both approaches provide consistent results. Finally, the findings of Troe (1984, 2007) enable the specification of the pressure dependence of the quantum yield for CH2O and CD2O and, hence, for CHDO. We find that the radical channel does not show a pressure dependence, whereas the molecular channel is dominated by tunneling and quenching processes. Simplified representations are given that are readily implemented in kinetic atmospheric models. As an example of their application, the altitude dependence of the ratio of J(CHDO→HD+CO) and J(CH2O→H2+CO) is provided. Also, the importance of the photolysis of formaldehyde on the yield of HD in the atmosphere is shown through the altitudinal dependence of the isotopic fractionation.
Climatological comparison of polar mesosphere summer echoes over the Arctic and Antarctica at 69°
Authors: Latteck Ralph , Murphy Damian J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) have been observed for more than 30 years with 50 MHz VHF radars at various locations in the Northern Hemisphere. Continuous observation of PMSE is conducted on the northern Norwegian island of Andøya (69.3° N) using the ALWIN radar (1999–2008) and MAARSY (since 2010). The same kind of PMSE measurements began in 2004 in the Southern Hemisphere with the Australian Antarctic Division's VHF radar at Davis Station in Antarctica (68.6° S), which is at an opposite latitude to Andøya. Since the radars at both sites are calibrated, the received echo strength of PMSE from more than 1 decade of mesospheric observations on both hemispheres could be converted to absolute signal power, allowing for direct comparison of the measurements. Comparison of PMSE observations obtained at both radar sites during a period of 23 boreal summers (Andøya) and 15 austral summers (Davis) shows that their PMSE signal strengths are of the same order of magnitude, but significantly fewer PMSE are observed in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. Compared to Andøya, the PMSE season over Davis starts about 7 d later on average and ends 9 d earlier, making it 16 d shorter. PMSE over Davis occur less frequently but with greater variability in seasonal, diurnal, and altitudinal occurrence. For example, PMSE over Davis reach maximum altitudes about 1.5 km higher than those over Andøya.
The inflationary spike in Spain between 2021 and 2023: evidence from micro data
Authors: Gutiérrez Chacón Eduardo , Roldan Blanco Pau 
Published: February 2024

RationaleAnalysis of the price micro data used to construct the consumer price index (CPI) allows us to understand how much of the inflationary spike observed in Spain between 2021 and 2023 was attributable to changes in the number of outlets adjusting prices (the “adjustment frequency”), rather than to changes in the size of such price adjustments.Takeaways•The rise in the year-on-year growth rate of the CPI in 2021-2023 was marked by notable increases in the number of outlets that raised their prices from one month to the next, with the size of such price adjustments remaining practically constant.•There is evidence of asymmetries in the upward and downward price adjustments made by outlets: given the same gap between a posted price and the estimated optimal price, the number of outlets making an upward price adjustment towards the optimal price exceeds those outlets making equivalent downward adjustments. This asymmetry has become more marked during the recent inflationary period.
Turismo sostenible desde la responsabilidad social de las empresas turísticas
Authors: Sevilla Ubeda María Argentina , Hurtado Cerna Yarineth Alexey , Hurtado Miurett Jasnary , Villanueva Jenny del Socorro , Mendoza Castro Concepción 
Published: February 2024

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene como objetivo determinar el turismo sostenible desde la responsabilidad social de las empresas turísticas, mediante estudios realizados por países latinoamericanos como Perú, Colombia y Nicaragua, para determinar de qué manera las empresas han sido responsables en relación con cada uno de los ejes de sostenibilidad. Esta investigación se realizó siguiendo los lineamientos de cada uno de los objetivos planteados, iniciando por definir los aspectos teóricos del turismo sostenible y la responsabilidad social de las empresas turísticas, seguido de esto describiendo la responsabilidad social en relación con los ejes de la sostenibilidad como el eje ambiental, socio-cultural y económico, y finalmente demostrando como las empresas turísticas han sido responsables en relación con los ejes de la sostenibilidad durante un período de tiempo determinado. La metodología es de carácter documental, ya que es un método de recogida de datos en un contexto de estudios principalmente científicos, que se llevó a cabo utilizando herramientas hermenéuticas (fichajes y focalización) como instrumento de análisis e interpretación. Entre los principales resultados se obtuvo que las empresas tomadas en cuenta, han sido responsables con los ejes de la sostenibilidad, algunas con más inclinación en lo ambiental en relación a la conservación del medioambiente, y otras en lo sociocultural, desde las colaboraciones en proyectos sociales hasta el respeto y bienestar de los trabajadores, otras con el eje económico vinculado con las aportaciones y las relaciones que se crean con los clientes, así logrando sostenibilidad en sus servicios y productos ofertados a los turistas
Ảnh hưởng của độ mặn và chế độ cho ăn lên tốc độ tăng trưởng và tỉ lệ sống của tôm he ấn độ <i>Penaeus indicus</i>
Authors: Hoàng Tùng  , Trương Ái Nguyên  , Hồ Hải Cơ  , Võ Thị Minh Thư  
Published: February 2024

Nghiên cứu này kiểm chứng giả thuyết về tác dụng tích cực của việc cho tôm ăn 30% khẩu phần ăn vào ban đêm và ảnh hưởng của độ mặn lên tỉ lệ sống, tốc độ tăng trưởng và hệ số chuyển đổi thức ăn FCR của tôm he Ấn Độ Penaeus indicus. Thí nghiệm được thiết kế theo kiểu Split-plot với yếu tố chính là độ mặn (15 hoặc 30 ppt) và yếu tố phụ là chế độ cho ăn (ban ngày hoặc cả ngày lẫn đêm). Kết quả cho thấy độ mặn ảnh hưởng đến tất cả các thông số quan sát. Tôm được nuôi ở độ mặn 30 ppt có tỉ lệ sống, FCR và tốc độ tang trưởng cao hơn so với độ mặn 15 ppt (P < 0,05). Trong khi đó, cho tôm ăn 30% khẩu phần vào ban đêm cải thiện tốc độ tăng trưởng (P < 0,05) nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến tỉ lệ sống và FCR của tôm thí nghiệm (P > 0,05). Kiểm định thống kê không ghi nhận tương tác giữa 2 yếu tố nghiên cứu là độ mặn và chế độ cho ăn (P > 0,05). Chúng tôi đề xuất nên nuôi tôm he Ấn Độ ở độ mặn 30 ppt và cho tôm ăn cả ban ngày lẫn đêm để cải thiện tốc độ tăng trưởng, rút ngắn thời gian nuôi và tiết kiệm chi phí thức ăn.
Từ khóa: Penaeus indicus, tăng trưởng, độ mặn, chế độ cho ăn
Quan trắc khả năng di chuyển của tôm càng xanh ở các lưu tốc nước trong điều kiện thí nghiệm thủy lực, với liên hệ thực tế cho đường di cư qua đập Phước Hòa
Authors: Vũ Văn Hiếu  , Vũ Cẩm Lương  , Nguyễn Nghĩa Hùng  
Published: February 2024

Tôm càng xanh (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) được đánh giá là loài thủy sản di cư bị ảnh hưởng trực tiếp bởi đập Phước Hòa trên sông Bé. Nghiên cứu này là tiền đề để đề xuất chế độ vận hành lưu tốc nước phù hợp cho tôm càng xanh (TCX) di cư ở đường di cư qua đập (ĐDCQĐ) Phước Hòa. Nội dung nghiên cứu bao gồm: (1) Khảo sát hiện trạng vận hành lưu tốc nước và các thông số thiết kế của ĐDCQĐ Phước Hòa; (2) Quan trắc tỷ lệ và tốc độ TCX di chuyển qua kênh nước hở ở các lưu tốc nước; (3) Quan trắc tỷ lệ TCX duy trì phía đầu kênh ở các lưu tốc nước trong các khoảng thời gian kéo dài. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện trên hai cỡ TCX là 7,5-9,5 cm (TCX cỡ I) và 13,5-15,5 cm (TCX cỡ II), với kênh tạo lưu tốc nước dài 18 m trong điều kiện phòng thí nghiệm thủy lực. Kết quả khảo sát hiện trạng vận hành lưu tốc nước của ĐDCQĐ Phước Hòa ghi nhận mức lưu tốc nước trung bình vào mùa khô, mùa mưa và lưu tốc nước tối đa vào mùa mưa của ĐDCQĐ Phước Hòa lần lượt là 0,26, 0,59 và 0,90 m/s, làm cơ sở cho ba mức bố trí lưu tốc nước (0,3, 0,6 và 0,9 m/s) trong điều kiện thí nghiệm. Kết quả quan trắc tỷ lệ TCX di chuyển qua kênh dài 18 m trong 10, 20 và 30 phút ở lưu tốc nước 0,3 m/s lần lượt là 13,33, 68,33, 94,17% cho TCX cỡ I; và 21,66, 76,00, 98,33% cho TCX cỡ II; ở lưu tốc nước 0,6 m/s lần lượt là 2,50, 50,83, 79,16% cho TCX cỡ I; và 9,16, 61,66, 90,83% cho TCX cỡ II; ở lưu tốc nước 0,9 m/s, tỷ lệ TCX di chuyển qua kênh dài 18 m là 0%. Tốc độ TCX di chuyển qua kênh dài 18 m ở lưu tốc nước 0,3 và 0,6 m/s lần lượt là 1,15 và 0,92 m/phút cho TCX cỡ I; 1,18 và 0,96 m/phút cho TCX cỡ II, cho thấy TCX cỡ I và II cần tối thiểu lần lượt là 11,81 và 11,51 giờ ở lưu tốc nước 0,3 m/s; 14,76 và 14,15 giờ ở lưu tốc nước 0,6 m/s để di chuyển giữa các hồ nghỉ xa nhất trên ĐDCQĐ Phước Hòa. Tỷ lệ TCX duy trì trên kênh trong 5, 10 và 15 giờ ở lưu tốc nước 0,3 m/s lần lượt là 88,33, 69,17, 30,83% cho TCX cỡ I; và 91,67, 83,33, 47,50% cho TCX cỡ II; ở lưu tốc nước 0,6 m/s lần lượt là 70,83, 36,67, 0% cho TCX cỡ I; và 82,50, 48,33, 12,50% cho TCX cỡ II. Kết quả của nghiên cứu được liên hệ thực tế cho ĐDCQĐ Phước Hòa với đề xuất chế độ vận hànhlưu tốc nước xung quanh 0,6 m/s và bổ sung thêm hồ nghỉ dọc ĐDCQĐ để tăng hiệu quả di chuyển của TCX qua ĐDCQĐ Phước Hòa.
Từ khóa: Khả năng di chuyển, lưu tốc nước, tôm càng xanh, đường di cư qua đập, Phước Hòa.