bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the Interferon Minipellet to Human Renal Cell Carcinoma in Nude Mice
Authors: Marumo Ken , Oya Mototsugu , Murai Masaru 
Published: July 2007

Background The interferon (IFN) minipellet is a sustained‐release formulation of human lymphoblastoid IFN, with atelocollagen used as the carrier material. We evaluated the antitumor effect of the IFN minipellet on an established human renal cell carcinoma cell line (KU‐2) transplanted in nude mice. Methods The treatment was started when tumor nodules had grown to 6 to 8mm in diameter. The IFN minipellet, or an aqueous solution of IFN, was given by subcutaneous injection, or peritumor injection, on days 1 and 10. Antitumor effects were evaluated according to tumor weights calculated as (long diameter) × (short diameter)2/2 in 7 groups consisting of 6 mice each. Results IFN levels remained detectable in both tumor tissue and serum up to 10 days after peritumor injection of the IFN minipellet. Administered by the peritumor route, the IFN minipellet inhibited growth of the tumor significantly as compared with tumor growth in the untreated mice. The IFN minipellet showed greater inhibition of tumor growth by peritumor injection compared to subcutaneous injection. The aqueous solution of IFN was not effective either by subcutaneous or by peritumoral injection. Conclusion Results indicate that the IFN minipellet is useful in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.
Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor‐Infiltrating Lymphocytes Before and After Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin Treatment for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Honda Shin‐ichi , Sakamoto Yoshiro , Fujime Makoto , Kitagawa Ryuichi 
Published: July 2007

1Department of Urology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan Background This study investigated changes in the phenotypic characteristics of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes during intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCC) treatment using an immunohistochemical technique. Methods A total of 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer underwent intravesical BCG treatment for therapeutic purposes. Tissue specimens were obtained from these patients before and after BCG treatment by cold cup biopsies. Results The numbers of CD3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, and CD19+ cells significantly increased after treatment compared with numbers before treatment (P <0.01). Although γ/δT cells were not observed before treatment, they appeared after treatment in 6 patients‐ In all these patients, the tumors disappeared or their size was reduced by more than 50%, and none of the tumors recurred. The induction of CD25+ cells after treatment was seen in 11 of the 16 patients. Conclusionsγ/δT cells may play an important role in the immune response of the host to the tumor in intravesical BCG treatment (although this correlation was statistically insignificant).
Bilateral Chromophobe Cell Renal Carcinoma in Tuberous Sclerosis Comple
Authors: Hidai Hideo , Chiba Tetsuo , Takagi Yutaka , Taki Atsuko , Nagashima Yoji , Kuroko Kouichi 
Published: July 2007

We report on a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex and polycystic kidney disease who developed bilateral chromophobe cell renal carcinoma. We discuss the tuberous sclerosis complex, associated bilateral renal cell carcinoma, polycystic kidney disease and chromophobe cell renal carcinoma; a recently established subtype with a rather favorable prognosis.In a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex and multiple space‐occupying lesions, a diagnosis of angiomyolipoma should be considered first but bilateral and/or multifocal renal cell carcinoma is a likely diagnosis.
Recurrence of Primary Superficial Bladder Cancer Treated with Prophylactic Intravesical Tokyo 172 Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin: A Long‐Term Follow‐up
Authors: Shinka Toshiaki , Matsumoto Miyo , Ogura Hideaki , Hirano Atsuyuki , Ohkawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2007

Background Long‐term results after transurethral resection (TUR) and prophylactic intravesical Tokyo 172 bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) therapy for primary superficial bladder cancer were analyzed by multivariate analysis, and factors affecting the recurrence of bladder tumors after this therapy were examined. Methods One‐hundred and forty‐one consecutive patients with primary superficial bladder cancer who consulted the Department of Urology at Wakayama Medical College and affiliated hospitals between May 1985 and May 1990 were studied. Tokyo strain BCG was given intravesically (80 mg in 40mL saline) weekly for 6 weeks. Results The 5‐year cumulative recurrence‐free rate by the Kaplan‐Meier method was 0.702 in 141 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer. The 5‐year recurrence‐free function using the proportional hazard model was 0.743. Using the Cox proportional hazard model, variables that significantly contributed to recurrence after intravesical BCG included female sex, tumor size less than 1 cm in diameter, and T1 tumor stage. Patient age, tumor type, multiplicity, tumor grade, and concomitant carcinoma in situ did not contribute to recurrence. Conclusion Long‐term results showed that prophylactic intravesical Tokyo strain BCG after TUR for primary superficial bladder cancer is also effective in preventing the recurrence of bladder cancer, and the biologic behavior of superficial bladder cancer other than stage T1 tumor may be altered after intravesical BCG.
Preoperative Endocrine Therapy for Clinical Stage A2, B, and C Prostate Cancer: An Interim Report on Short‐Term Effects
Authors: Homma Yukio , Akaza Hideyuki , Okada Kiyoki , Yokoyama Masao , Moriyama Nobuo , Usami Michiyuki , Hirao Yoshihiko , Tsushima Tomoyasu , Sakamoto Atsuhiko , Ohashi Yasuo , Aso Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

Background Preoperative endocrine therapy has been suggested to improve surgical radicality and/or patient prognosis in prostate cancer. Methods Patients with clinical stage A2, B, and C prostate cancer were randomized to either group I (n = 113) or group II (n = 111). Croup I patients were to receive preoperative endocrine therapy consisting of leuprolide and chlormadinone for 3 months, followed by radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection. Group II patients were to undergo the surgery before endocrine therapy. Results: Group I patients showed a remarkable decrease in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) (mean ± SE: 41.8 ± 8.6ng/mL to 2.7 ± 0.7 ng/mt) and prostate volume (29.8 ± 1.7 mL to 21.2 ± 1.6 mL) during the preoperative therapy. Histopathologic analysis showed a significant difference in the rates of down‐staging (19.1 % in group I versus 3.3% in group II), positive surgical margins (63.8% versus 81.3%) and positive lymph node metastasis (20.7% versus 36.5%). No significant difference was detected in operating features. Subgroup analyses indicated that beneficial effects were correlated positively with degree of histologic differentiation and negatively with the basal PSA level. Conclusions Preoperative endocrine therapy reduced local extention of prostate cancer, and the effects depended on histologic differentiation and PSA level. Long‐term follow‐up data are needed to determine the effects on the patient prognosis.
Biplane Planimetry as a New Method for Prostatic Volume Calculation in Transrectal
Authors: Kimura Akira , Kurooka Yuji , Kitamura Tadaichi , Kawabe Kazuki 
Published: July 2007

Background We developed a new prostatic volume calculation method using the full information obtained from biplane transrectal ultrasonogram. Methods Based on the cross and sagittal contours, a model composed of sequentially arranged copies of the cross sections, which are reduced so that the anteroposterior diameters of the copies fit the contour of the sagittal section, was created. The volume of this model was the sum of the square of the reduced rates of the height multiplied by the area of the maximum cross section and by slice thickness. Sonograms of 150 patients who underwent ultrasonography with a transrectal chair‐type probe were used for the comparison of this method with the ellipsoid volume calculation and the prolate ellipse volume calculation methods. The step‐section planimetric volume calculation method was used as the gold standard. Results This new method showed the least difference from the step‐section planimetry among the 3 calculation methods evaluated. Conclusion The formula of the new method is very simple, so it is easy for it to be incorporated in ultrasonic consoles that are capable of measuring distance and area.
Absence of RET Proto‐Oncogene Mutations in a Father and Son with Pheochromocytoma and Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor
Authors: Kawasaki Takashi , Tomita Yoshihiko , Takahashi Hitoshi , Takeda Masayuki , Tanaka Hajime , Tamiya Yoichi , Takahashi Kota 
Published: July 2007

Background We describe a father and son with a combination of pheochromocytoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor. Although its familial occurrence is rare, this syndrome could be called overlapping‐type multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), since it fulfills the criteria for both type 1 and type 2 MEN. Recently, germ line mutations of the RET proto‐oncogene (RET) were found to be related to tumorigenesis and disease phenotypes in type 2 MEN. Methods Using polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis, we looked for germ line mutations of RET in 8 members of this family, including the 2 patients. Results Analysis of RET exons 10, 11 and 16, which contain the hot‐spot codons for MEN type 2, revealed no mutations in any individual examined. Conclusion These findings suggest that these 3 exons in RET are not related to tumorigenesis in overlapping‐type MEN.
Y Chromosome (Yq11) Microdeletions in Idiopathic Azoospermia
Authors: Shirakawa Toshiro , Fujisawa Masato , Kanzaki Masanori , Okada Hiroshi , Arakawa Soichi , Kamidono Sadao 
Published: July 2007

Background Cytogenetic anomalies and molecular deletions of the Y chromosome in idiopathically sterile men suggest that genetic factor(s) controlling spermatogenesis are located in the distal portion of Yq11. We studied Y chromosome microdeletions in the Yq11.23 region in idiopathic azoospermia. Methods We studied 25 azoospermic male patients with a cytogenetically normal 46XY karyotype; 1 3 exhibited Sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome and 12 exhibited maturation arrest. Microdeletions in the Yql 1 region were examined using the PCR technique with 4 pairs of primers from DNA loci in Yq11.23. Results Microdeletions in Yq11.23 were detected in 4 of the 25 azoospermic men. The most common deletion was of the Y6HP52pr sequence, which was detected in 3 of 13 men with Sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome but in only 1 of 12 with maturation arrest. Conclusion Detection of microdeletions within the Yq11 sequence is an important clue to the genetic factor(s) underlying azoospermia.
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction as Persistent Complication of Radical Hysterectomy
Authors: Sekido Noritoshi , Kawai Koji , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: July 2007

Background This study was performed to evaluate late effects on the lower urinary tract after radical hysterectomy. Methods We studied 9 women treated with radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer. All patients underwent surgery more than 10 years ago (range, 14 to 36 years). Six patients had urologic complications associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The remaining 3 were referred for urinary tract abnormalities detected by radiologic examinations. Lower urinary tract function was evaluated with thorough history taking, laboratory examinations, intravenous urography, and conventional urodynamic studies. Results Obstructive voiding symptoms and/or urinary incontinence were observed in 7 patients. Uroflowmetry, which was assessable in 7 patients, revealed intermittent flow and a significant amount of residual urine in all patients. Cystometry revealed impaired bladder sensation, detrusor areflexia, straining on voiding, and probable impaired relaxation of the sphincter in all assessable patients. In addition, decreased bladder compliance was observed in 5 patients. Conclusion All of the examined patients had severe and complicated urinary tract dysfunctions, even at more than 10 years after surgery. Careful follow‐up may be mandatory for patients after radical hysterectomy, because compensating factors tend to mask their urologic symptoms.
Prostate‐Specific Antigen Levels from a Mass Screening Program Using Highly Sensitive RIA Kits
Authors: Akimoto Susumu , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Akakura Koichiro , Shimazaki Jun 
Published: July 2007

Background This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels of men in a mass screening program for prostatic disease. Methods A total of 763 men over 40 years of age underwent mass screening for prostatic disease in a Japanese prefecture using the highly sensitive Eiken kit and the Hybritech (Tandem‐R) kit. The screening tests consisted of serum PSA determination, digital rectal examination, a questionnaire on symptoms, evaluation of prostate volume, and determination of the obesity rate. Results Serum PSA levels of all subjects were measured with both kits. The correlation between the values obtained by the Eiken kit and those of the Tandem‐R kit was high (r = 0.990), but the values of the former were slightly higher than those of the latter. Serum PSA weakly correlated with age, however, when estimated within decade age brackets, the levels of PSA showed significant differences among only 1 pair of groups stratified by age. In contrast, the levels of PSA showed significant differences among 9 pairs of groups stratified by prostate volume. Conclusion A highly sensitive assay kit is useful to evaluate both the distribution of PSA levels and the relationship of PSA values to age and prostate volume of men in mass screening programs for prostatic disease, since approximately 40% of the subjects who underwent the present mass screening showed PSA values under 1 .Ong/mL, which have been the the lower limit of detection of many PSA kits.
Spontaneous Loss of Antibiotic‐Resistant Plasmids Transferred to Escherichia coli in Experimental Chronic Bladder Infection
Authors: Inoue Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2007

Background We investigated whether Escherichia coli that has been transformed with antibiotic‐resistant plasmids spontaneously loses the plasmids while infecting the rat bladder. Methods A nontransmissible antibiotic‐resistant plasmid was transferred to a clinically isolated strain of E. coli. A knotted thread holding the strain was implanted into the bladder of male Wistar rats. One or 4 weeks later, the total number of bacteria and that of plasmid‐carrying bacteria were measured in the bladder. Results When plasmid‐carrying E. coli alone was inoculated, most of the plasmid‐carrying E. coli were replaced with plasmid‐free E. coli. When plasmid‐carrying and plasmid‐free E. coli were simultaneously inoculated, this replacement was accelerated. Conclusion These results suggest that E. coli carrying antibiotic‐resistant plasmids spontaneously lose the plasmids as time passes, and thus become sensitive to antibiotics.Int J Urol 1997;4:285‐288
Escherichia coli Virulence Factors and Serotypes in Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Authors: Terai Akito , Yamamoto Shingo , Mitsumori Kenji , Okada Yusaku , Kurazono Hisao , Takeda Yoshifumi , Yoshida Osamu 
Published: July 2007

Background
Escherichia coli is the most frequent pathogen in both acute bacterial prostatitis and acute uncomplicated urinary infections. To assess the virulence profiles of E. coli in acute prostatitis, the serotypes and virulence factor (VF) genotypes were determined. Methods We studied 107 E. coli isolates from cases of acute bacterial prostatitis, 76 isolates from acute pyelonephritis, 194 isolates from acute cystitis and 80 fecal isolates from healthy people. All pyelonephritis and cystitis isolates were from women. Seven urovirulence determinants were analyzed by DNA colony hybridization, including the genes for type 1 fimbria (pil), P fimbria (pap), S fimbria (sfa), afimbrial adhesin AFA‐I (afal), α‐hemolysin (hly), cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (cnfl) and aerobactin (aer). 0:H:K serotypes were also determined. Results With the exception of pil and afal, all VFs were significantly more often associated with prostatitis, pyelonephritis and cystitis isolates than with the fecal isolates. The prevalence of sfa, hly and cnfl was higher in prostatitis isolates than in pyelonephritis and cystitis isolates, and the pap+sfa+hly+cnf+ genotype was dominant among prostatitis isolates (48.8%). Nine O serotypes(01, 02, 04, 06, 01 6, Ol 8, 022, 025 and 075) accounted for 79.4%, 73.7% and 78.4% of the prostatitis, pyelonephritis and cystitis strains, respectively. There was an apparent correlation between serotype and genotype in uropathogenic E. coli. Conclusion The predominance of O serotypes in female urinary tract infections and a high percentage of multiple VFs among the prostatitis isolates suggested that VFs play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute bacterial prostatitis.
Effects of Ethanol on Responses of Isolated Rabbit Urinary Bladder and Urethra
Authors: Ohmura Masaharu , Kondo Atsuo , Saito Masahiko 
Published: July 2007

Background Acute ethanol ingestion increases the risk of urinary retention in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). To elucidate the mechanism of this effect, we investigated the in vitro effects of ethanol on lower urinary tract function in rabbits. Methods The responses to various stimuli of muscle strips isolated from male rabbit bladder and urethra were determined in the presence of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.0% ethanol. Results Basal tension of tissue strips taken from the bladder and the urethra was reduced by ethanol in a dose‐dependent manner, as were bladder contractions induced by field stimulation, bethanechol, and ATP. Ethanol also reduced phenylephrine‐induced contractions of the prostatic urethra. A high (3%) concentration of ethanol significantly reduced KCI‐induced contraction of both the bladder and urethra, as well as urethral relaxation induced by field stimulation following contraction with 200μol/L phenylephrine. Conclusion Responsiveness of the rabbit lower urinary tract was significantly reduced by exposure to ethanol. A similar decrease in tonus and contractility of the detrusor and inhibition of relaxation in the prostatic urethra may lead to urinary retention in men following acute ingestion of ethanol.
Bone‐Turnover Metabolites as Clinical Markers of Bone Metastasis in Patients with Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Takeuchi Shin‐ichi , Saitoh Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

Background: Candidate markers of prostatic metastases to bone, urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum carboxy‐terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1CP), and pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (1CTP), were measured to evaluate their prognostic efficacy. Methods: Urinary levels (mean ± SD) of deoxypyridinoline were measured by a competitive immunoassay, and serum levels of P1CP and 1CTP were measured by radioimmunoassay in 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 18 patients with prostatic carcinoma without bone metastases, and 27 patients with prostatic carcinoma and bone metastases. Results: Urinary concentrations of deoxypyridinoline (pmol/μmol creatinine) in patients with prostatic carcinoma and bone metastases (10.4 ± 7.7) were significantly higher than those in similar patients without bone metastases (4.3 ± 1.3) and those in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (3.8 ± 1.2). Serum levels of P1CP and 1CTP (ng/mL) in patients with prostatic carcinoma and bone metastases (262.6 ± 188.7 and 10.3 ± 9.5, respectively) were significantly higher than those in similar patients without bone metastases (118.1 ± 30.2 and 4.3 ± 1.4, respectively) and those in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (93.9 + 25.1 and 3.3 ± 1.1, respectively). Serial measurements of urinary deoxypyridinoline and serum P1CP and 1CTP were correlated with a positive response to treatment (reduced measurements) and with the clinical progression of disease (increased measurements) before detection of new bone lesions by bone scintigram. Conclusion:Urinary deoxypyridinoline, serum P1CP, and serum 1CTP should be useful markers in confirming and monitoring prostatic carcinoma metastases to bone.
Activity of Keratinocyte Growth Factor‐Like Substance Extracted from Rabbit Liver on Renal Tubular Cell Growth during Compensatory Renal Hyperplasia
Authors: Kanda Shigeru , Igawa Tsukasa , Kanetake Hiroshi , Saito Yutaka 
Published: July 2007

Background: In response to unilateral nephrectomy, the rabbit liver transiently produces 2 growth regulators for cultured renal cortical tubular cells: a tubular cell growth factor and a growth inhibitor. We report on the effects of the tubular cell growth factor on a variety of cell lines. Methods: The tubular cell growth factor activity was partially purified from the rabbit liver by using gel filtration and ion‐exchange chromatography. The activity was monitored by the incorporation of iododeoxyuridine into DNA of cultured cells. Expression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2 in the rabbit kidney was determined by the immunoblot analysis. Results: This growth factor stimulated the DNA synthesis in LLC‐PK, cells, LLC‐RK, cells, and human keratinocytes. It did not affect the growth of BS‐C‐1 cells, MDCK cells, BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts, or rat parenchymal hepatocytes. The additive effect of this factor on the DNA synthesis of cultured tubular cells maximally was stimulated by insulin‐like growth factor‐l, basic fibroblast growth factor, and epidermal growth factor, but was not stimulated by keratinocyte growth factor. The amount of this activity also increased in the liver after sham operation. In the days after surgery, expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2, which includes the keratinocyte growth factor receptor, was down‐regulated in the kidneys of both uninephrectomized and sham‐operated rabbits. Conclusion: These findings indicate that tubular cell growth factor in the liver seems to be a keratinocyte growth factor, and acts in an endocrine manner in renal tubular hyperplasia.
Role of Platelet‐Activating Factor in Two‐Kidney, One‐Clip Hypertension
Authors: Takahashi Shinichi , Imagawa Masaharu , Mimata Hiromitsu , Nakagawa Masayuki , Ogata Jiro , Nomura Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

Background: Platelet‐activating factor (PAF) is a bioactive phospholipid which is a potent hypotensive agent. To investigate the role of PAF in renovascular hypertension, we determined the PAF concentration and its production level assessed by the activity of cholinephosphotransferase (CPT) in renal tissue and examined the effect of a PAF antagonist on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in control and two‐kidney with one clipped (2K1C) hypertensive rats. Materials and Methods: The concentration of PAF and CPT in the renal medulla and cortex were determined by radioassay. Also, the effect of a PAF antagonist, CV‐6209, on MAP was also examined in both 2K1C hypertensive and normal control rats. Results: The PAF concentration and CPT activity were significantly higher in the medulla than in the cortex in both 2K1C hypertensive and normal control rats, and both values in the medulla were also significantly higher in the clipped kidney than in the contralateral undipped kidney or in control rat kidneys. We also observed a significant negative correlation between the PAF concentration in the medulla, and the medulla weight in the clipped kidney of 2K1C hypertensive rats. Infusion of the PAF antagonist, CV‐6209, did not affect MAP in 2K1C hypertensive rats, but was significantly increased (P< 0.05) in control rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that PAF, whose production is induced by renal ischemia due to renal artery stenosis, plays an important role in the renomedullary vasodepressor system, but the effect of PAF as a vasodilator in the peripheral vessels is limited in 2K1C hypertension.