bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of Lichtenstein's operation versus mesh plug for inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Frey D M , Wildisen A , Hamel C T , Zuber M , Oertli D , Metzger J 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Two of the most commonly used open prosthetic tension-free techniques for inguinal hernia repair are Lichtenstein's operation and the mesh plug repair. The technique of choice remains a subject of ongoing debate. The objective of the present investigation was to compare the two surgical procedures with respect to associated morbidity and recurrence rates.

Methods
Five hundred and ninety-five patients with 700 primary or recurrent inguinal hernias were randomized to undergo either Lichtenstein's operation or mesh plug repair. The primary endpoint of the investigation was the recurrence rate 1 year after surgery. Secondary endpoints were perioperative complications and reoperation rates.

Results
At 12-month follow-up, 597 hernia repairs (85·3 per cent) were evaluated. There were no significant differences regarding recurrence rates and perioperative complications. However, there was a significant difference in the overall reoperation rate between the two treatment groups, with 13 reoperations (4·2 per cent) in the Lichtenstein group and four (1·4 per cent) in the mesh plug group (P = 0·047).

Conclusion
Lichtenstein's operation and the mesh plug repair are comparable with respect to perioperative complications and recurrence rates.
Structure, Stability and Guest Affinity of Tris(3‐ureidobenzyl)amine Capsules in Solution
Authors: Alajarín Mateo , Pastor Aurelia , Orenes Raúl‐Angel , Martínez‐Viviente Eloísa , Rüegger Heinz , Pregosin Paul S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn non‐competitive solvents, the tris(3‐ureidobenzyl)amines 1 a–c form dimeric assemblies in which guests such as CH3CN, CH3NO2, CH2Cl2, CH3I, CH2BrCl, CH2Br2, CHCl3 and C6H6 can be encapsulated. Variable temperature 1H and 1H,1H‐ROESY NMR spectroscopy, as well as pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo (PGSE) diffusion measurements were used to investigate the encapsulation within 1 a⋅1 a (1 a: tris{3‐[N′‐(4‐butylphenyl)ureido]benzyl}amine). Kinetic parameters for the encapsulation of CH3NO2, CH2Cl2 and CH3I, both in CDCl3 and in [D8]toluene have been obtained by using magnetisation transfer methods. These data are discussed together with the thermodynamic parameters. The affinity between guest and capsule seems to be dictated mainly by the electronic, size and shape complementarity between cavity and guest. A gating mechanism for guest exchange is proposed.
Effective HPLC resolution of [4]heterohelicenium dyes on chiral stationary phases using reversed‐phase eluents
Authors: Villani Claudio , Laleu Benoît , Mobian Pierre , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: November 2006

Abstract[4]Heterohelicenium cations 1a–c adopt a twisted helical structure that renders them chiral. They are configurationally stable and their enantiomers have been resolved, for the first time, by HPLC on Chiralcel OD‐RH and Chirobiotic TAG chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Chiral cations 1a–c have been resolved by HPLC using water‐based eluents containing KPF6 as additive. The elution order of the analyte enantiomers was determined by on‐line CD detection, and was found to be opposite on the two CSPs. The effect of mobile phase composition and analyte structure on retention and enantioselectivity was investigated. Chirality 19:601–606, 2006 © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the stability of Chiralpak AD chiral stationary phase under various solvent conditions and development of a method to identify stationary phase‐derived polymer contamination
Authors: Welch Christopher J. , Fairchild Jacob , Sajonz Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe stability of Chiralpak AD chiral stationary phase under various solvent conditions was investigated. An analytical method for the detection of the presence of solubilized Chiralpak AD coating was developed using CD spectroscopy (CD signal at 245 nm). In addition, NMR analysis of the solubilized polymer revealed a characteristic signal for the 3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate methyl protons at around 2.5 ppm. Both of these methods may be helpful in detecting contamination by the Chiralpak AD polymer or in the study of CSP solvent compatibility. Chirality 19:607–611, 2006 © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectroscopic rationalization of the separation abilities of decaproline chiral selector in dichloromethane–isopropanol solvent mixture
Authors: Zhang Peng , Polavarapu Prasad L. , Huang Junmin , Li Tingyu 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA chiral column, with decaproline as the chiral selector, has broad chiral selectivity. To understand the separation mechanism of this chiral column, multiple spectroscopic techniques, including optical rotation, electronic circular dichroism, infrared absorption and vibrational circular dichroism, have been used here to study the conformation of the decaproline oligomer in isopropanol(IPA)/dichloromethane(DCM) mixtures. These studies indicate that decaproline oligomer adopts polyproline II conformation in IPA/DCM solvent system (0% IPA ∼ 100% IPA). Hydrogen bonding interactions between CO groups of decaproline and IPA molecules increase as the content of IPA in the solvent mixture increases up to 60% and become less significant from then onwards. These spectroscopic observations are found to have a good correlation with the enantiomeric separation of racemic 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐[10‐(2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐hydroxy‐ethyl‐anthracen‐9‐yl]‐ethanol by the decaproline column. Chirality 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity improvement of circular dichroism detection in HPLC by using a low‐pass electronic noise filter: Application to the enantiomeric determination purity of a basic drug
Authors: Lorin Marie , Delepee Raphael , Maurizot Jean‐Claude , Ribet Jean‐Paul , Morin Philippe 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe quality control of chiral drugs requires the determination of their enantiomeric purity. Nowadays, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is gaining increasing importance in pharmaceutical analysis because of the commercially available CD detector in liquid chromatography. The separation of the two enantiomers of a basic drug (efaroxan) was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography using an amylose‐derivated column with both UV and CD detections. A baseline‐resolved separation (resolution: 5) was obtained after optimization of the mobile phase composition with hexane‐ethanol‐diethylamine (90:10:0.05; v/v/v). The use of a commercial low‐pass electronic noise filter of the CD signal has improved the signal‐to‐noise ratio by a factor twelve and allowed the quantitation of each enantiomer in the 1.25–300 μg ml−1 concentration range. The CD linear calibration curve, expressed in terms of stereoisomer height ratio versus concentration ratio, was plotted over the 0.4–6% range. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 was obtained by least‐squares regression and the limit of detection for the distomer/eutomer ratio was estimated at 0.14%. Although the method validation showed good repeatability on the retention times (RSD < 0.9%), on the peak height ratios (RSD < 8.7%) of each enantiomer only up to 99.2% enantiomeric purity was achieved. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preventing microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jermendy György , Ruggenenti Piero 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe public health burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been dramatically increasing world‐wide. The chronic complications of type 2 diabetes play an important role in decreasing life expectancy and adversely affecting quality of life. Diabetic nephropathy, which is originally microvascular in nature, is widely considered an important complication of diabetes. In prospective clinical investigations, increased urinary albumin excretion proved to be associated not only with subsequent renal outcomes but also with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality independently of other risk factors. Therefore, microalbuminuria as an early sign of increased urinary albumin excretion should be considered important for both treatment and even for prevention. Preventing microalbuminuria might diminish progression to overt nephropathy and, hopefully, might limit cardiovascular events. Regarding primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy, therapeutic intervention should optimally be initiated at the stage of normoalbuminuria. Although additional factors such as smoking cessation, reduction of protein intake, and treatment of lipid abnormalities are important, providing optimal diabetic control as well as targeting optimal blood pressure are the key elements of a prevention strategy in diabetic patients. Recently, the Bergamo Nephrologic Diabetes Complications Trial (BENEDICT) documented that a significant decrease of the development of persistent microalbuminuria could be achieved by using an ACE‐inhibitor, trandolapril alone or in combination with verapamil SR, a non‐dihydropyridine calcium‐channel blocker in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria. The results of this primary‐prevention strategy should be corroborated by further investigations to determine whether these beneficial changes could later result in improvement of renal clinical outcomes, macrovascular complications, or both. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atoh1 expression defines activated progenitors and differentiating hair cells during avian hair cell regeneration
Authors: Cafaro Jon , Lee Gi Soo , Stone Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the avian inner ear, nonsensory supporting cells give rise to new sensory hair cells through two distinct processes: mitosis and direct transdifferentiation. Regulation of supporting cell behavior and cell fate specification during avian hair cell regeneration is poorly characterized. Expression of Atoh1, a proneural transcription factor necessary and sufficient for developmental hair cell specification, was examined using immunofluorescence in quiescent and regenerating hair cell epithelia of mature chickens. In untreated birds, Atoh1 protein was not detected in the auditory epithelium, which is quiescent. In contrast, numerous Atoh1‐positive nuclei were seen in the utricular macula, which undergoes continual hair cell turnover. Atoh1‐positive nuclei emerged in the auditory epithelium by 15 hr post‐ototoxin administration, before overt hair cell damage and supporting cell re‐entry into the cell cycle. Subsequently, Atoh1 labeling was seen in 15% of dividing supporting cells. During cell division, Atoh1 was distributed symmetrically to daughter cells, but Atoh1 levels were dramatically regulated shortly thereafter. After cellular differentiation, Atoh1 labeling was confined to hair cells regenerated through either mitosis or direct transdifferentiation. However, Atoh1 expression in dividing progenitors did not necessarily predict hair cell fate specification in daughter cells. Finally, predominant modes of hair cell regeneration varied significantly across the radial axis of the auditory epithelium, with mitosis most frequent neurally and direct transdifferentiation most frequent abneurally. These observations suggest a role for Atoh1 in re‐specifying supporting cells and in biasing postmitotic cells toward the hair cell fate during hair cell regeneration in the mature chicken ear. Developmental Dynamics 236:156–170, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of GaCp* with a Hemilabile Derivative of Rh6(CO)16 – Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Two Novel Heterometallic Clusters: Rh6(CO)13(μ,κ3‐Ph2PC2H3)(μ3‐GaCp*) and Rh6(CO)13(κ1‐Ph2PC2H3)(μ3‐GaCp*)2
Authors: Grachova Elena V. , Linti Gerald , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Tunik Sergey P. , Wadepohl Hubert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe reaction of Rh6(CO)14(Ph2PCH=CH2) with a twofold excess of GaCp* (Cp* = C5Me5) affords two novel heterometallic clusters Rh6(CO)13(μ,κ3‐Ph2PC2H3)(μ3‐GaCp*) (1) and Rh6(CO)13(κ1‐Ph2PC2H3)(μ3‐GaCp*)2 (2) in a moderate yield. The hemilabile behavior of coordinated diphenylvinylphosphane in the starting cluster allows the easy insertion of GaCp* into the cluster coordination sphere, which eventually gives the cluster 1 with face‐bridging coordination of the gallium fragment and the phosphane ligand recoordinated in an edge‐bridging position. The further substitution of the vinyl function in 1 for the second GaCp* ligand affords cluster 2, where recoordination of the double bond is blocked by steric hindrance from adjacent GaCp* fragments. Both clusters were structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography in the solid state and by IR and NMR spectroscopy in solution. Hemilability of diphenylvinylphosphane in 1 was independently confirmed by the cluster reaction with CO, which gives the Rh6(CO)14(κ1‐Ph2PC2H3)(GaCp*) adduct (3) with the phosphane ligand only coordinated through the phosphorus atom. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Water Pipe Held Up by a Polyoxometalate Supported Transition Metal Complex: Synthesis and Characterization of [Cu2(phen)2(CH3COO)(CH3COOH)(H2O)2][Al(OH)6Mo6O18]·28H2O
Authors: Shivaiah Vaddypally , Chatterjee Tanmay , Srinivasu Khandregula , Das Samar K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA water pipe, formed exclusively from lattice water molecules, is stabilized in an organic–inorganic hybrid materialCu2(phen)2(CH3COO)(CH3COOH)(H2O)2][Al(OH)6Mo6O18]·28H2O (1). Compound 1 consists of an Anderson‐type heteropolyanion, a copper acetate dimer, and 28 lattice water molecules. Once the relevant crystal is removed from the mother liquor it loses water molecules, which results in the demolition of the water pipe. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of 3‐Methoxy‐16α‐nitro‐14,17‐ethenoestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17β‐yl Acetate and Fragmentation‐Mediated Pathways to 14β,15β‐Fused N‐Heterocycles and 14β‐Functionalised Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Baranovsky Alexander V. , Bolibrukh Dmitry A. , Bull James R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction of 3‐methoxyestra‐1,3,5(10),14,16‐pentaen‐17‐yl acetate (1) with nitroethylene gives 3‐methoxy‐16‐nitro‐14,17‐ethenoestra‐1,3,5(10)‐trien‐17β‐yl acetate (2). Cycloadduct 2 can be reduced with TiCl3, giving oxazine 3 as a result of sigmatropic rearrangement, whereas the treatment of 2 with Lewis acids (TiCl4, SnCl4) leads to a derivative of the cyclic hydroximic acid 10; the latter is viewed as a product of intramolecular rearrangement. Cycloadduct 2 suffers a weak base‐induced cleavage of the C(16)–C(17) bond, releasing the nitrile oxide intermediate, which can be trapped by a dipolarophile or reduced with triphenylphosphane. Thus, the trapping of the nitrile oxide with propargyl alcohol gives the isoxazole 12 in 50 % yield, and the reduction of the nitrile oxide with triphenylphosphane gives nitrile 9 in 94 % yield. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of an Enantiomerically Pure Building Block for the Synthesis of Hydroporphyrins
Authors: Etornam Adukpo Genevieve , Borrmann Tobias , Manski René , Sáez Díaz Rosa I. , Stohrer Wolf‐Dieter , Montforts Franz‐Peter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe enantiomerically pure pyrrolidine diester 4 is a useful building block for the synthesis of chiral hydroporphyrin compounds. Treatment of optically active aromatic amines with bislactone 5 gave pairs of N‐alkylated lactam‐lactone diastereomers 6 and 8. These diastereomers were separated by MPL chromatography and in the case of 8 they could be debenzylated to yield the enantiomerically pure lactam‐lactone 7 and its enantiomer. The (–)‐lactam‐lactone enantiomer 7 was further transformed into building block 4.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A Novel C3‐Symmetric Triol as Chiral Receptor for Ammonium Ions
Authors: Fabris Fabrizio , Pellizzaro Leonardo , Zonta Cristiano , De Lucchi Ottorino 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe enantiopure C3‐symmetric syn‐benzotriborneol was efficiently obtained in an eight‐step route. Of particular interest from a synthetic point of view are the potassium tert‐butoxide promoted bromination of camphor hydrazone (4) and the observation that the protecting groups influence the syn/anti diasteroselectivity of the cyclotrimerization reaction of 12–14. Complexation studies in deuteriochloroform revealed the capability of the cyclotrimer syn‐1 to act as host for ammonium ions, and in particular, the efficient chiral recognition of the two enantiomers of (1‐phenylethyl)ammonium chloride. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Bruder, Broder, Brauder – Dialekte in Deutschland
Authors: Lameli Alfred , Rabanus Stefan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFlächendeckend und präzise dokumentiert der „Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reiches”︁ die Dialekte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die vollständige Digitalisierung der Sprachkarten eröffnet der internationalen Forschung neue Möglichkeiten
Power calculations for likelihood ratio tests for offspring genotype risks, maternal effects, and parent‐of‐origin (POO) effects in the presence of missing parental genotypes when unaffected siblings are available
Authors: Rampersaud E. , Morris R.W. , Weinberg C.R. , Speer M.C. , Martin E.R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGenotype‐based likelihood‐ratio tests (LRT) of association that examine maternal and parent‐of‐origin effects have been previously developed in the framework of log‐linear and conditional logistic regression models. In the situation where parental genotypes are missing, the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm has been incorporated in the log‐linear approach to allow incomplete triads to contribute to the LRT. We present an extension to this model which we call the Combined_LRT that incorporates additional information from the genotypes of unaffected siblings to improve assignment of incompletely typed families to mating type categories, thereby improving inference of missing parental data. Using simulations involving a realistic array of family structures, we demonstrate the validity of the Combined_LRT under the null hypothesis of no association and provide power comparisons under varying levels of missing data and using sibling genotype data. We demonstrate the improved power of the Combined_LRT compared with the family‐based association test (FBAT), another widely used association test. Lastly, we apply the Combined_LRT to a candidate gene analysis in Autism families, some of which have missing parental genotypes. We conclude that the proposed log‐linear model will be an important tool for future candidate gene studies, for many complex diseases where unaffected siblings can often be ascertained and where epigenetic factors such as imprinting may play a role in disease etiology.Genet. Epidemiol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells promotes partial recovery after complete spinal cord transection in the rat
Authors: López‐Vales Rubèn , Forés Joaquim , Navarro Xavier , Verdú Enrique 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe goal of this study was to ascertain whether olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were able to promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery when transplanted 45 days after complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord in adult rats. OECs promoted partial restitution of supraspinal pathways evaluated by motor evoked potentials and modest recovery of hindlimb movements. In addition, OEC grafts reduced lumbar reflex hyperexcitability from the first month after transplantation. Histological results revealed that OECs facilitated corticospinal and raphespinal axons regrowth through the injury site and into the caudal spinal cord segments. Interestingly, raphespinal but not corticospinal fibers regenerated long distances through the gray matter and reached the lower lumbar segments (L5) of the spinal cord. However, delayed OEC grafts failed to reduce posttraumatic astrogliosis. In conclusion, the beneficial effects found in the present study further support the use of OECs for treating chronic spinal cord injuries. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenovirus vaccination against neu oncogene exerts long‐term protection from tumorigenesis in BALB/neuT transgenic mice
Authors: Gallo Pasquale , Dharmapuri Sridhar , Nuzzo Maurizio , Maldini Daniele , Cipriani Barbara , Forni Guido , Monaci Paolo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe transforming rat HER2/neu oncogene (neu), when embedded in the genome of transgenic BALB/c (neuT) mice, provokes the development of an invasive carcinoma in each of their 10 mammary glands. We used the neuT mice model system to evaluate the immunization efficiency and the protective effect of intramuscular injection of adenovirus (Ad) and/or of DNA with electrostimulation (DNA+ES), both expressing the rat p185neu protein. A neu cDNA sequence, which exclusively contains codons preferred by highly expressed mammalian genes, was used in this study. This “optimized” cDNA displayed higher expression in cultured cells and greater cell‐mediated response than the original gene when injected as DNA+ES. Ad expressing the optimized sequence (Ad5‐neu.opt) induced a higher immune response, as measured by the frequency of IFN‐γ‐secreting spleen cells and antibody titers. Different Ad/DNA combinations and immunization schedules confirmed the superiority of Ad5‐neu.opt in inducing a strong Th1‐skewed humoral and CD8+ cell‐mediated response. Two Ad5‐neu.opt injections of 109 viral particles at week 10 and 12 were sufficient to induce the highest response, which persisted at detectable levels up to 33 weeks of age. Anti‐Ad5 antibodies elicited by previous injections neutralized the effect of an additional Ad5‐neu.opt immunization at week 19. A group, which received 3 injections of DNA+ES at week 23, 27 and 31, in addition to the 3 Ad injections at week 10, 12 and 19 showed an increased frequency of IFN‐γ+, CD8+ PBMC at week 25, which persisted at detectable levels till week 38. Ad5‐neu.opt administration at 10 and 12 weeks of age had a significant impact on tumor progression. At 44 weeks, 40% of the mice were completely protected from tumors with a mean tumor of 3.8. In contrast, control mice developed 10 tumors and died by week 27. Vaccination blocked the tumor development at the atypical hyperplasia stage present at the time of treatment. Tumors developing at later times express reduced levels of rat p185neu protein. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.