bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniform colour spaces based on CIECAM02 colour appearance model
Authors: Luo M. Ronnier , Cui Guihua , Li Changjun 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCan a single colour model be used for all colorimetric applications? This article intends to answer that question. Colour appearance models have been developed to predict colour appearance under different viewing conditions. They are also capable of evaluating colour differences because of their embedded uniform colour spaces. This article first tests the performance of the CIE 2002 colour appearance model, CIECAM02, in predicting three types of colour discrimination data sets: large‐ and small‐magnitude colour differences under daylight illuminants and small‐magnitude colour differences under illuminant A. The results showed that CIECAM02 gave reasonable performance compared with the best available formulae and uniform colour spaces. It was further extended to give accurate predictions to all types of colour discrimination data. The results were very encouraging in that the CIECAM02 extensions performed second best among all the colour models tested and only slightly poorer than the models that were developed to fit a particular data set. One extension derived to fit all types of data can predict well for colour differences having a large range of difference magnitudes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 320–330, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20227
Image acquisition technique for high dynamic range scenes using a multiband camera
Authors: Haneishi Hideaki , Miyahara Seiji , Yoshida Atsushi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMultiband cameras have been studied and developed for accurate color reproduction. On the other hand, high dynamic range image acquisition is also strongly desired in many applications. Multiband cameras can potentially meet both needs if their sensitivities are properly controlled. In this article, a method for expansion of the dynamic range that uses a six‐band camera consisting of three high‐sensitivity bands and three low‐sensitivity bands is introduced. Experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method are also shown. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 294–302, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20231
Spatiotemporal analysis of the cortical sources of the steady‐state visual evoked potential
Authors: Di Russo Francesco , Pitzalis Sabrina , Aprile Teresa , Spitoni Grazia , Patria Fabiana , Stella Alessandra , Spinelli Donatella , Hillyard Steven A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the neural generators of the steady‐state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) to repetitive, 6 Hz pattern‐reversal stimulation. Multichannel scalp recordings of SSVEPs and dipole modeling techniques were combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and retinotopic mapping in order to estimate the locations of the cortical sources giving rise to the SSVEP elicited by pattern reversal. The time‐varying SSVEP scalp topography indicated contributions from two major cortical sources, which were localized in the medial occipital and mid‐temporal regions of the contralateral hemisphere. Colocalization of dipole locations with fMRI activation sites indicated that these two major sources of the SSVEP were located in primary visual cortex (V1) and in the motion sensitive (MT/V5) areas, respectively. Minor contributions from mid‐occipital (V3A) and ventral occipital (V4/V8) areas were also considered. Comparison of SSVEP phase information with timing information collected in a previous transient VEP study (Di Russo et al. [2005] Neuroimage 24:874–886) suggested that the sequence of cortical activation is similar for steady‐state and transient stimulation. These results provide a detailed spatiotemporal profile of the cortical origins of the SSVEP, which should enhance its use as an efficient clinical tool for evaluating visual‐cortical dysfunction as well as an investigative probe of the cortical mechanisms of visual‐perceptual processing. Hum. Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface characteristics, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility of oxygen plasma‐implanted porous nickel titanium shape memory alloy
Authors: Wu S.L. , Chu Paul K. , Liu X.M. , Chung C.Y. , Ho J.P.Y. , Chu C.L. , Tjong S.C. , Yeung K.W.K. , Lu W.W. , Cheung K.M.C. , Luk K.D.K. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractGood surface properties and biocompatibility are crucial to porous NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) used in medical implants, as possible nickel release from porous NiTi may cause deleterious effects in the human body. In this work, oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation (O‐PIII) was used to reduce the amount of nickel leached from porous NiTi alloys with a porosity of 42% prepared by capsule‐free hot isostatic pressing. The mechanical properties, surface properties, and biocompatibility were studied by compression tests, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cell culturing. The O‐PIII porous NiTi SMAs have good mechanical properties and excellent superelasticity, and the amount of nickel leached from the O‐PIII porous NiTi is much less than that from the untreated samples. XPS results indicate that a nickel‐depleted surface layer predominantly composed of TiO2 is produced by O‐PIII and acts as a barrier against out‐diffusion of nickel. The cell culturing tests reveal that both the O‐PIII and untreated porous NiTi alloys have good biocompatibility. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
A comparison between glass/polyimide and titanium/polyimide microjoint performances in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Newaz G. , Mian A. , Sultana T. , Mahmood T. , Georgiev D.G. , Auner G. , Witte R. , Herfurth H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAssessment of neural biocompatibility requires that materials be tested with exposure in neural fluids. Laser bonded microjoint samples made from Ti coated glass substrate and polyimide film (GPI) and titanium foil and polyimide film (TIPI) were evaluated for mechanical performance before and after exposure in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for two, four, and 12 weeks at 37°C. These samples represent a critical feature, i.e., the microjoint—a major weakness in the bioencapsulation system. Both material systems showed initial degradation up to 4 weeks which then stabilized afterwards and retained similar strength until 12 weeks. The TIPI system appears to exhibit better overall performance with less degradation compared to its as‐received strength. The CSF exposed TIPI samples predominantly failed at the interface, while GPI samples had mixed glass and polyimide substrate and interface failure. The amount of glass failure decreases and interface failure increases with increase in CSF exposure time. The failure mechanism of the as‐received (not exposed to CSF) GPI samples under tension was predominantly flexure type failure of the glass substrate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
The geomorphology and sedimentology of the ‘Témpanos’ moraine at Laguna San Rafael, Chile
Authors: Glasser Neil F. , Jansson Krister , Mitchell Wishart A. , Harrison Stephan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe San Rafael Glacier is one of the largest and most dynamic outlet glaciers of the North Patagonian Icefield, Chile. The contemporary glacier calves into a large tidal laguna, which is partially impounded by a large arcuate moraine. This moraine, termed the ‘Témpanos’ moraine, marks the former extent of an expanded San Rafael Glacier and is of an unknown age. Here we describe the geomorphology and sedimentology of the ‘Témpanos’ moraine and relate these to styles of glacier advance and recession. The ‘Témpanos’ moraine attains a maximum height in excess of 40 m and is either single‐crested with a gentle ice‐proximal face and steep distal face, or consists of multiple crests superimposed on a gentle slope. The internal composition of the moraine is variable, comprising diamicton, sorted sedimentary facies (silts, sands and gravel) and laminites. We interpret these sediments as evidence that the San Rafael Glacier advanced over a former proglacial area, culminating in the formation of the ‘Témpanos’ moraine. This advance deformed a carpet of lacustrine or marine mud, which was eroded from its original location, transported and smeared over the glacier bed as a subglacial deposit. We use these sedimentary descriptions as the basis for a reconstruction of the Holocene fluctuations of the glacier. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene marine terraces on two salt diapirs in the Persian Gulf, Iran: age, depositional history and uplift rates
Authors: Bruthans Jiří , Filippi Michal , Geršl Milan , Zare Mohammad , Melková Jaroslava , Pazdur Anna , Bosák Pavel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSlightly inclined Holocene marine terraces cover parts of two circular salt diapirs (Hormoz and Namakdan) in the Persian Gulf. Their relative altitude above present sea level results from a combination of general marine transgression/regression affecting the whole area, and of local uplift related to salt diapirism. Differential uplift rate of the studied diapirs in centre‐to‐rim profiles was calculated from results based on: (i) radiocarbon ages of skeletal remains of benthic faunas (19 samples), which originally grew close to sea level; (ii) original altitude of samples, estimated from general sea‐level oscillation curves for the last 10 kyr, and (iii) present sample altitude measured in the field.Calculated uplift rates increase from rim to centre on both diapirs in the range from: 2 mm yr−1 at the rim to 5–6 mm yr−1 at the interior of Hormoz, and 1–3 mm yr−1 at the rim to 3–5 mm yr−1 at the interior of Namakdan. Such uplift rate distributions fit into the parabolic profile of Newtonian fluid rather than to profiles typical for pseudoplastic fluids. The increase in uplift rate with distance from rim to centre of diapirs is gradual as demonstrated also by generally smooth surface of marine terraces. No tectonic dissections were found. The depositional history on both salt diapirs is similar although they are situated more than 100 km apart. Marine sedimentation started at about 9.6k cal. yr BP on Hormoz and at 8.6k cal. yr BP on Namakdan. Owing to rapid transgression, the sea partially truncated both salt diapirs and rapidly deepened, and carbonate mud was deposited on the peripheries of both salt diapirs. Between 7 and 5k cal. yr BP beach deposition replaced carbonate mud. Soon after 5k cal. yr BP, the sea retreated from most of the marine terraces on both salt diapirs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on glucosinolates in the leaves and roots of broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Aires Alfredo , Rosa Eduardo , Carvalho Rosa 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBroccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica cv. Marathon) sprouts are a rich source of glucosinolates, particularly 4‐methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), the precursor of the chemoprotective isothiocyanate, sulforaphane. Sulfur and nitrogen fertilization have been shown to influence the pattern and levels of glucosinolates in mature broccoli, but little information is available on the fertilization of sprouts, a transient stage of broccoli growth, which have been recommended for salads. Therefore, an experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of N and S fertilization on the glucosinolate content of the aerial part and roots of broccoli sprouts. Nitrogen was tested at 0, 45.5, 91.0 mg L−1 and sulfur at 0, 14.6 and 29.2 mg L−1. The results showed that total glucosinolates in the aerial part were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the roots. The major glucosinolates in the aerial part were 4‐methylsulfinylbutyl and 3‐methylsulfinylpropyl whereas in the roots they were 2‐phenylethyl and 4‐methylthiobutyl. Fertilization of broccoli sprouts had a significant (P < 0.001) detrimental effect on the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates whereas the opposite was noted for indole and aromatic glucosinolates, for some of the fertilization combinations tested. Overall, the results indicate that broccoli sprouts do not benefit from fertilization. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate‐dependent protein kinase C activation is involved in the hyperactivation of boar spermatozoa
Authors: Harayama Hiroshi , Miyake Masashi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAn intracellular cAMP‐PKA signaling plays a pivotal role in the expression of fertilizing ability in mammalian spermatozoa. The aim of this study is to disclose biological function of serine/threonine protein kinases that are activated by the action of the cAMP‐PKA signaling in boar spermatozoa. Ejaculated spermatozoa were incubated with cBiMPS (a cell‐permeable cAMP analog) at 38.5°C up to 180 min, and then they were used for biochemical analyses of PKCs by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence and for assessment of flagellar movement. The incubation of spermatozoa with cBiMPS gradually activated PKCs in the connecting piece. The activation of sperm PKCs was accompanied with changes of their electrophoretic mobility by the PKA‐mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation. In coincidence with the PKC activation, the cBiMPS‐incubated spermatozoa were capable of exhibiting hyperactivation of flagellar movement. Moreover, the cBiMPS‐induced hyperactivation was dramatically suppressed by the addition of either of specific PKC inhibitors (Ro‐32‐0432 and bisindolylmaleimide I) to the sperm suspensions. On the other hand, experiments using a calcium‐deficient medium showed that the cBiMPS‐induced hyperactivation of flagellar movement and activation of PKCs required the extracellular calcium. Based on the obtained data, we have concluded that a cAMP‐PKA signaling can induce activation of calcium‐sensitive PKCs that is leading to the hyperactivation of flagellar movement in boar spermatozoa. Moreover, the cAMP may have a unique role as the up‐regulator of PKCs during the expression of fertilizing ability in boar spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1169–1178, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Annual cycle of the black‐capped chickadee: Seasonality of singing rates and vocal‐control brain regions
Authors: Phillmore Leslie S. , Hoshooley Jennifer S. , Sherry David F. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBlack‐capped chickadees have a rich vocal repertoire including learned calls and the learned fee‐bee song. However, the neural regions underlying these vocalizations, such as HVC, area X, and RA (robust nucleus of arcopallium), remain understudied. Here, we document seasonal changes in fee‐bee song production and show a marked peak in singing rate during March through May. Despite this, we found only minimal seasonal plasticity in vocal control regions of the brain in males. There was no significant effect of time of year on the size of HVC, X, or RA in birds collected in January, April, July, and October. We then pooled birds into two groups, those with large testes (breeding condition) and those with small testes (nonbreeding), regardless of time of year. Breeding birds had slightly larger RA, but not HVC or X, than nonbreeding birds. Breeding birds had slightly larger HVC and RA, but not X, as a proportion of telencephalon volume than did nonbreeding birds. Birds collected in July had heavier brains than birds at other times of year, and had the greatest loss in brain mass during cryoprotection. The absence of any overall seasonal change in the vocal‐control regions of chickadees likely results from a combination of individual differences in the timing of breeding phenology and demands on the vocal‐control regions to produce learned calls year‐round. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the pleura
Authors: Karavitakis Emmanouil M. , Moschovi Maria , Stefanaki Kalliopi , Karamolegou Kalliopi , Dimitriadis Euthimios , Pandis Nikos , Karakousis Constantine P. , Tzortzatou‐Stathopoulou Fotini 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare neoplasm with aggressive behavior. Usually it presents as a peritoneal mass, although other cases in various locations have been described. Since less than 10 cases of primary DSRCT in the pleura have been described, it is of interest to report a pediatric case arising from the pleura. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular detection of the EWS/WT‐1 fusion gene product. Multidisciplinary treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection resulted in a progression‐free survival time above the median survival, suggesting that this conventional approach could prove effective for this rare and very aggressive malignancy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:335–338. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of the backbone geometry of protein native state structures
Authors: K.V. Brinda , Vishveshwara Saraswathi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe present a simple method for analyzing the geometry of noncovalent residue–residue interactions stabilizing the protein structure, which takes into account the constraints on the local backbone geometry. We find that the principal geometrical constraints are amino acid aspecific and are associated with hydrogen bond formation in helices and sheets. In contrast, amino acid residues in nonhelical and nonextended conformations, which make noncovalent interactions stabilizing the protein tertiary structure, display greater flexibility. We apply the method to an analysis of the packing of helices in helical bundle proteins requiring an efficient packing of amino acid side‐chains of the interacting helices. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychiatric commitment: over 50 years of case law from the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Niveau G. , Materi J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurposeTo extensively review the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) case law concerning psychiatric commitment, and to estimate the role of this supranational jurisprudence in the practice of contemporary psychiatry.MethodUsing keywords to search the ECHR computerized database “HUDOC”, we reviewed all cases concerning psychiatric commitment registered between September 1953 and December 31, 2004. Four groups were identified: applications declared inadmissible; applications accepted but not judged by the Court; pending cases; and cases judged by the Court.ResultsOf the almost 118,000 decisions taken by the ECHR in this time frame, we found 108 situations concerning psychiatric commitment. Forty-one of these applications were considered by the Court to be inadmissible. Twenty-four other cases were considered admissible but not judged by the ECHR. Three admissible cases were still pending at the end of 2004. The ECHR judged 40 cases, and found in 35 of them that one or several rights as guaranteed by the Convention had been violated.DiscussionThe ECHR protects the human rights of persons subjected to involuntary psychiatric commitment by creating supranational law in the following areas: definition of “unsoundness of mind”; conditions of lawfulness of detention; right to a review of detention by a Court; right to information; right to respect for private and family life; and conditions of confinement, which address inhuman and degrading treatment. The respective number of applications submitted to the ECHR did not depend on when the Convention had entered into force in that country.ConclusionThe possibility of an individual to access the ECHR depends on the degree of democracy in his country and on the access to legal assistance through non-governmental organizations or individual intervening parties.
Obstetric outcomes in women with end‐stage renal failure requiring renal dialysis
Authors: Tan L.‐K. , Kanagalingam D. , Tan H.‐K. , Choong H.‐L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective: To study obstetric outcomes in women with end‐stage renal failure undergoing chronic renal dialysis. Methods: A retrospective review of the database from the High‐Risk Pregnancy Clinic at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. Results: From 1995 to 2004, 7 women treated with chronic renal dialysis had a total of 11 pregnancies. There were 2 pregnancy losses at previable gestation ages and 9 live births. Median gestational age at delivery was 31 weeks, and mean birth weight was 1390 g. Seven newborns had a low birth weight and 5 required neonatal intensive care. Severe hypertension occurred in 4 women for a total of 7 pregnancies. Other complications included polyhydramnios (n = 2), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (n = 2), obstetric cholestasis (n = 2), postpartum hemorrhage (n = 1), thrombosis of the arteriovenous fistula (n = 2), postpartum peritonitis (n = 1), and fetal anomaly (n = 1). There were no maternal deaths. Conclusion: Such pregnancies are high‐risk, particularly because of maternal hypertension and prematurity. They should be managed by multidisciplinary teams, and prepregnancy counseling should not be neglected.
Comparison of CT Scan and Electron Microscopic Findings on Endoscopically Harvested Middle Turbinates
Authors: Biedlingmaier John F. , Trifillis Anna 
Published: June 2006

CT scans of eight nonsmoking patients with chronic sinusitis and two controls were graded for their disease severity (from 0 to IV) with the classification system proposed by May. Subsequently, endoscopically harvested middle turbinate specimens from these patients (16 diseased turbinates, 4 controls) were evaluated both by scanning and by transmission electron microscopy. As the severity of the disease increased as demonstrated by CT scan, electron microscopy of 5 × 3 × 0.05 mm mucosal specimens demonstrated that the number of ciliated cells decreased whereas the number of goblet and squamous cells increased. As the disease progressed to stages III and IV, scanning and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated areas of squamous metaplasia and areas completely denuded of epithelium. The increased goblet cell population, the loss of cilia and ciliated cells, and the patches of denuded epithelium may account for the recurrent bacterial infections and chronic nasal drainage seen in patients with chronic sinusitis. The extensive mucosal changes that occur in grade III and IV disease are similar to those occurring in cigarette smokers, and it takes years to recover after discontinuation of smoking. Delayed recovery of the mucosal epithelium may account for both the recurrent infections and the slower response to treatment on the part of patients with extensive grade III and IV changes on the CT scan.
A Case/Control Study of Risk Factors for Major Salivary Gland Cancer
Authors: Muscat Joshua E. , Wynder Ernest L. 
Published: June 2006

BACKGROUNDSalivary gland cancer (SGC) is a rare disease with a largely unknown origin. Because cancer of the tongue and mouth floor is caused primarily by smoking and alcohol consumption, we investigated the role of tobacco, alcohol, and other possible risk factors in the development of SGC in a hospital‐based study.METHODSInterviews were obtained from 128 patients with newly diagnosed histologically confirmed SGC and from 114 age‐ and gender‐matched controls by using a structured questionnaire. All patients were interviewed at bedside by a trained interviewer.RESULTSNo differences in levels of education were found between the two groups. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption did not independently or jointly increase the risk of SGC. Chewing tobacco and snuff use were also unrelated factors. The odds ratio for low body mass in men was 0.46 (p = 0.05). There was no relation with body mass in women. An examination of employment history and job‐related exposures revealed no occupational risk factors.CONCLUSIONThese findings show that smoking, alcohol consumption, and most occupational exposures are unrelated to SGC.