bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work and Employment Relations in the Smaller Component Subcontractors: Distinctive Pressures and Contrasting Trajectories
Authors: Elger Tony , Smith Chris 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter analyses the evolution of management policies and work and employment relations in two smaller Japanese sub-contractors. Both firms were tightly constrained by customer-supplier relations, possessed limited managerial resources to support innovative production and employment policies, and faced problems in the recruitment, retention, and control of labour. Such circumstances prompted a selective and opportunistic adoption and adaptation of parent company management techniques, characterized in one case by the substantial autonomy of local management, but in the other by a fractious process of conflict within management. Japanese-inspired employment practices were less evident than a resort to the familiar tactics of labour regulation in other small enterprises, mixing elements of paternalism, formalization, informal mutuality, insecurity, and threat. The chapter addresses similarities and differences between the two factories in both management micropolitics and employment relations, linking these to distinctive subsidiary mandates, ownership structures, and relations with customers and competitors.
Theorizing Subsidiary Operations: System, Society, and Dominance Effects Revisited
Authors: Elger Tony , Smith Chris 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter considers the wider implications of the analysis of Japanese firms developed throughout the book, both for debates about the transfer and hybridization of Japanese production models, and for broader theorizing about the subsidiary operations of international firms. It discusses the lessons of the research for three dominant images of subsidiary operations — as transplants, hybrids, or branch plants, which give differing emphases to system, society, and dominance effects in understanding the operations of such workplaces. It argues that the transfer and translation of management approaches and techniques within and between enterprises, and the evolution of work and employment relations within specific workplaces, is a more contested, multi-layered, and complex phenomena than is conventionally recognized, strongly influenced by power relations within management and the corporate mandate of the subsidiary.
Spectacular Power in the Greek and Roman City
Authors: Bell Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book's analysis of the power of prestige in civic communities of the ancient world demonstrates the importance of crowds' aesthetic and emotional judgement upon leaders and their ambitious claims for immediate and lasting significance; and also finds consideration of this dynamic still to be valuable for modern citizens. An initial discussion of the fall of Ceauşescu in 1989 prompts theoretical considerations about the inseparability of authority and its manifestation; and scrutiny of Julius Caesar's gestures towards self-definition introduces the complexity of ancient political relations. The simultaneous presence of both popular affection for wondrous and kingly individuals, and also egalitarian suspicion of it, is detected in classical Athens, where an Alcibiades needed to manoeuvre craftily to achieve obvious and ritual pre-eminence in associating himself with age-old and Homeric models of distinction. Accordingly, the arrival of Hellenistic kingliness, such as that of Demetrios Poliorcetes, upon the political stage was neither wholly innovative nor unattractive. Yet such kings quite clearly articulated a new and grandiose majesty, as can be seen in parades in Egypt and Syria. With the growth of Roman imperialism, these stylings of personal power needed to be adapted to new realities and models, just as Romans of the later Republic increasingly found much to admire and emulate in others' spectacles. Thus, the book comes back to the end of the Republic and to Cicero's struggles to maintain traditional, republican dignities in civic ceremony while a new Roman kingliness, thoroughly attentive to spectacular politics, was dawning.
Afterword
Authors: Bell Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter argues that it is often a refrain of contemporary political critique that style seems to overshadow substance in republics or democracies. But perhaps it has always been like that. If to be a Greek or Roman citizen was in some measure to have dignity in being a political consumer entitled to expect a good spectacle, then the study of classical politics has the power to offer insight into habits of consumption and affection, scrutiny and judgement. If rhetorics of visibility fix the models and memories of individual power, then we may all wonder at the capacity of even the humble to realize power in their cheers or jeers; and so enjoy liberal dignity.
The Internationalisation of Securities Markets
Authors: Thatcher Mark 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter analyses how three sets of international factors revolutionised markets for securities trading from the mid-1960s onwards. Firstly, transnational technological and economic developments, such as computerisation, expansion of securities markets, higher cross-border flows, and growth of large corporate investors and suppliers that transformed financial markets are examined. The other two factors relate to reforms in the US between the late 1960s and early 1980s that influenced the world securities market and offered an example of new institutions; European Union (EU) sectoral regulation that grew from the late 1980s and established a legal framework that outlawed monopolies and aided competition. These three forms of internationalisation placed severe pressures on traditional European institutions for securities trading, notably the organisation of stock exchanges as clubs of individual brokers, monopolies over trading, and regulation by governments and brokers themselves. Subsequent chapters compare the impacts of these three forms of internationalisation across countries.
Chapter 3
Authors: Waylen Georgina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUsing the discussion of the gendered nature of institutions, such as political parties developed in Part One, as its starting point, Part Three concentrates on the electoral arena. To determine the extent of women's participation in this arena during transitions to democracy, this part analyses three major themes: the level of women's descriptive representation in the post-transition period, the roles that women have played in the conventional arena in various stages of transition, and the contribution that women active in the conventional arena have made to any improvements in women's descriptive and substantive representation. Part Three explains the marked differences seen in patterns of women's representation in different post-transition contexts in terms of electoral rules, political parties, ideology, women activists, and quotas. It also analyses how far women legislators ‘act for’ women and enhance women's substantive representation.
Chapter 4
Authors: Waylen Georgina 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe final part of the book deals with the relationship between transitions to democracy, women's substantive representation, and policy outcomes. It completes the analysis of the circumstances under which a transition to democracy can alter different women's access to policymaking and with what results. After examining women's access to policymaking and gender policies under state socialist and authoritarian regimes, it moves on to look at post-transition outcomes. It focuses on the machinery of the state with regard to women, constitutional/legal frameworks, and codes, before turning to look at gender policy outcomes in three different areas: divorce and family law, domestic violence, and reproductive rights, particularly abortion. The final section examines how the social and economic transitions that have so often accompanied transition to democracy are gendered through an exploration of market reforms and welfare structuring.
Partnerships, Corporations, and the Limits on Contractual Freedom in U.S. History: An Essay in Economics, Law, and Culture
Authors: Lamoreaux Naomi R. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that a focus on big business has distorted the understanding of the legal history of the corporation. The relevant context for understanding the evolution of the form must be broadened to include two related but somewhat contradictory trends: first, the democratization of the corporate form of enterprise (that is, its adoption by increasing numbers of small businesses); and second, a growing tendency in the general culture to see enterprises as manifestations of collective action rather than individual initiative. These trends forced courts and policy makers to reconsider the nature of corporations and also created considerable confusion about how corporations differed from the other main organizational form employed by small businesses — partnerships. The end result of this reconsideration was a rigid definition of the two forms that severely limited the contractual freedom of small businesses.
Reading Characters Read: On Methodology
Authors: Spentzou Efrossini 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter elaborates the main interpretative strategies of the book's approach, arguing for its position within the wider context of the existing scholarship on the Heroides. The first section of draws a rough map of the main lines of enquiry that have been traced by critics so far. It briefly sketches the passage from the earlier derogatory comments on the heroines' portraits to the more recent interest in the subtle intertextual games played by Ovid in these deeply self-conscious narratives. The remainder of the chapter delineates the main preoccupations of the book' s approach in the light of the insight gained and impasses reached by the previous critical strands.
Landscapes of Lost Innocence
Authors: Spentzou Efrossini 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter draws attention to a so-called rhetoric of innocence in the Heroides. In particular, it explores the symbolism of images of idealized happiness which are to be found scattered in the poems, investing in the collection a drive for emotional and poetical closure. However, writing reigns over the collection: in the course of the chapter, this innocent order will be disturbed and ultimately annulled by the complexities of the heroines' self-reflexive conscience, just as their visions of innocence will be gradually disturbed by their artistic impulse.
Postcards Home: TheHeroidesas Letters
Authors: Spentzou Efrossini 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter focuses on those features of the Heroides which are directly related to their epistolary form, in an attempt to explore the ways in which letter-writing and letter-reading creates and manipulates meaning in the Ovidian collection. In stressing the epistolary element within the collection's generic multivalence, the chapter's arguments draw on insights concerning the epistolary novel, a genre distinguished in modern times with acknowledged debts to Ovid's Heroides.
Introduction: To Wander ‘out of the Common Road’
Authors: Cotterill Anne 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This introductory chapter opens with a reading Ovid's myth of Daedalus' Cretan labyrinth, well-known to Renaissance students — a figural web whose themes of power and obfuscation, gender, and interiority the book traces in the digressive writing of Donne, Marvell, Browne, Milton, and Dryden. When displaced socially or politically, these men played with a loss of direction and self in their texts, solicited the figure of a woman or feminine nature to negotiate their turns, and finally wrested a powerful, even prophetic, voice from the maze. The chapter reviews the competitive function of digression in classical rhetoric and related rhetorical concepts such as amplification, copia, and improvisation, and their centrality in Renaissance classrooms beginning with Erasmus' De Copia (1512). By 1598, digressio had become the ambiguous ‘Straggler’ in The Arte of English Poesie, an alarming figure of marginal, disorderly desire and, by 1700, a hydra-headed monster of modern writing to Swift and others.
The Self‐Reference Rule
Authors: O'Brien Lucy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines the self-reference rule (SSR), which states that ‘I’ refers to the subject who produced it. In particular, it analyses the suggestion that SRR is able to provide a satisfactory account of first-person reference, and it also examines the reductionist approach to first-person reference. It is argued that while we may concede that there may be a kind of basic reflexive reference that the approach explains, there is nevertheless an element of self consciousness in the kind of first-person reference under consideration which the approach fails to capture.
British Management and Organization up to the 1940s
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter describes a period when in spite of the scale and nature of British business activities and the emergence of big business (mostly through intense merger activity), there was a persistence of personal and proprietorial capitalism, as well as the extent to which firms operated in dense industrial districts that afforded extensive opportunities to externalize a wide range of activities. An analysis of the drivers, using a force-field diagram, demonstrates how the British environment was not conducive to the development of managerial capitalism.
The Practice of Management—Labour
Authors: Wilson John F. , Thomson Andrew 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe labour-management relationship has been vital not just for its substantial impact within the organization, but also because of its effect on Britain’s wider social, political, and economic development. Until the 1970s, employers used externalization and sub-contracting. This ultimately caused a loss of control at the shop-floor level to unions and their members through fragmented bargaining when the labour market changed to high employment, with consequences for industrial conflict and management authority and legitimacy. There was a slow transition to internalization and professionalization of labour management, and a delay in the development of appropriate systems and methods of modern management in the personnel field. The last two decades have, however, seen an assertion of control by employers.
Meaning Representation: Setting the Scene
Authors: Jaszczolt K.M. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter addresses the cutting edge question of the semantics/pragmatics boundary, discusses semantic underspecification, logical form, the notion of ‘what is said’, and the contrast between conscious inference and default interpretations. It suggests that a theory of discourse meaning should postulate only one level of meaning where information from various sources merges to produce one representation. This representation is then to be cast in the language of, and using the principles of, dynamic semantics.
Herodians andIoudaioiin Flavian Rome
Authors: Schwartz Daniel R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFocusing on the political relationship between Judaea and Rome, this chapter examines why Agrippa II, a staunch ally of Vespasian and Titus during the Great Revolt, was never rewarded with the kingship of Judea. The answer to this question, according to Schwartz, lies in the Flavian portrayal of Judaea as a conquered territory. This was illustrated by Vespasian’s coinage featuring the legend Iudaea capta. This chapter argues that ‘Judaea’ ceased to be an official designation and its territory started to be referred to as ‘Idumaea’ or ‘Palaestina’. It then weighs in on the debate over translating Iudaeus as ‘Judean’ or as ‘Jew’. In his view, while Graeco-Roman usage originally designated an ethnicity connected with a geographical region (as in ‘Judean’), the word took on a broader meaning (‘Jew’) when the Judean Diaspora started to grow; Judaean religious attributes became the most distinctive marker of their cultural uniqueness.
Last Year in Jerusalem: Monuments of the Jewish War in Rome
Authors: Millar Fergus 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter explores in detail the role of the Flavian victory in Judaea in the physical transformation of the city of Rome. The triumph of Vespasian and Titus ex Iudaeis in June 71 CE was an event made more memorable by Josephus’ lavish description of it. The defeat of the Jews and the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple were enshrined in the very fabric of the urban centre and hence in Roman public memory, reminding the inhabitants of the city of the decisive role played by Vespasian and Titus in that victory. The triumphal arches to Titus (erected in 81 and after his death), the Flavian Amphitheatre (inaugurated in 80), and the Temple of Peace (dedicated in 75) were all related to the Flavian victory in Judaea and helped give the dynasty a lasting legitimacy.
FromExemplatoExemplar? Writing History around the Emperor in Imperial Rom
Authors: Kraus Christina Shuttleworth 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter focuses on 1st-century CE Roman historical narrative, with a view to understanding to what extent Josephus may have been influenced by such writing. It is argued that works such as Valerius Maximus’ Memorable Words and Deeds, Tacitus’ Annales, and Frontinus’ Strategemata all displayed a similar tendency towards the use of exemplarity (exempla) as a principal technique of understanding the past. The increasing emphasis on ‘great figures’ by 1st-century Roman historians, a phenomenon catalyzed by and pulled towards the figure of the Emperor, was a literary tactic which underlined individuals as unique actors in history. It also, however, portrayed individuals’ actions and behaviours as relatively fixed paradigms, to be imitated or eschewed by posterity. This chapter maintains that this technique of exemplarity is to be seen as inextricably linked with the increasing influence of biography on Roman historical writing, sometimes, as in the case of Tertullian’s and Jerome’s references to Tacitus’ work, actually becoming conflated with it.
Parallel Lives of Two Lawgivers: Josephus' Moses and Plutarch'sLycurgus
Authors: Feldman Louis H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter explores the thematic and possible literary relationships between Josephus’ narrative on Moses and Plutarch’s biography of the Spartan Lycurgus, two legendary lawgivers. Parallels in the portraits of these two leaders include not only the expected emphases on such Spartan virtues as courage, wisdom, and moderation, but also their conspicuous agreement that, for example, alien customs present a serious threat to the internal harmony of their own ethnic traditions. It is remarkable that Josephus nowhere mentions Plutarch by name, since references to Greco-Roman authors are not uncommon in his corpus. The chapter suggests that it was perhaps Plutarch’s hostile attitude towards the Flavian emperors that prevented his overt mention in Josephus’ writing. It is concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine whether Josephus knew Plutarch’s work or both writers used a common source. Both writers, however, displayed a marked concern with issues of moral exemplarity.
The Empire Writes Back: Josephan Rhetoric in Flavian Rome
Authors: Barclay John M. G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the Against Apion — the most overtly rhetorical of Josephus’ works — and demonstrates how Josephan rhetoric can fruitfully be explored by an analysis of the cultural codes it utilizes. Building on earlier studies that have suggested that his Against Apion was carefully composed for a Roman or Romanized audience, the chapter argues that we should examine the means by which Josephus designs his portrait of Judaism in line with aspects of the Roman cultural tradition, as well as how he deploys Romanized norms for the defence and eulogy of his non-Roman tradition. Josephus’ Roman experiences, both in Judaea and in Rome, and perhaps also in the Jewish diaspora, all coloured his vision of his contemporary world and his sense of his Jewish past. In essence, Josephus transposed Jewish themes into a specifically Roman key.
Elia
Authors: Treadwell James 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Lamb's Elia essays are not usually read under the sign of autobiography. However, now that a proper understanding of Romantic autobiography has been established and the central significance of self-writing's transactions with the literary public sphere have been demonstrated, the essays can be seen as an exemplary case of the production of a written subjectivity within the governing conditions of the genre at the time. Elian irony captures self-writing engaged with the ambivalences and uncertainties of publication.
The Socio-technical Nature of Information Systems Innovation
Authors: Avgerou Chrisanthi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter examines the relationship of information systems innovation and organizational context, substantiating theoretically the position that technology innovation is inseparable from the social processes of organizational change. It traces relevant theoretical debates in the socio-technical stream of information systems research and the multidisciplinary study of technology and society, drawing mostly from the sociology of translation of the theory of actor-networks. Information systems innovation is seen as a process whereby particular actors in an organization succeed in translating their interests into the development and use of ICT applications. In this way, the outcomes of information system innovation are not determined by the properties of the technology, but result from contested interests in complex networks of actors and intermediaries.
IKA—Striving to Modernize a State Bureaucracy
Authors: Avgerou Chrisanthi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter presents the case study of IKA, a social security organization in Greece. IKA is a public sector organization with computer services which run as inefficiently as its bureaucracy. From the early 1980s, IKA has conceived several strategies to use ICT for the modernization of the organization, but up until the end of the 1990s none of these had been implemented. To explain why IKA faced such severe difficulties in utilizing ICT, analysis of the case draws from sociological studies of the Greek public sector. These studies suggest that the modernization objectives associated with information systems innovation clashed with the covert mission of public administration in Greece as a political employer. The case study explains the annihilation of the efficiency potential of ICT by organization’s performance as a rational behaviour in terms of its hidden role.
The Holocaust and the Postmodern
Authors: Eaglestone Robert 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe preface introduces the theme of the book. It argues that postmodernism — a still developing tradition of post-phenomenological philosophy — is a response to the Holocaust. Because of this, it can offer new perspectives on a range of issues in our understanding of the Holocaust and its aftermath. Specifically, it focuses on the work of Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida. These two thinkers offer a new humanism beyond humanism, and an awareness and consequent rejection of the metaphysics of comprehension. These emerge in a range of different discourses in different ways: in debates over ‘normalization’ in history, in how testimony is understood, in discussions of Holocaust literature, and in relation to the limits and powers of philosophy. This will involve complex rethinkings of reason and its limits, truth and identification, practice and theory.