bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Patients with Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency Combined with Grade II Valgus Laxity
Authors: Hara Kenji , Niga Sadao , Ikeda Hiroo , Cho Sadahiro , Muneta Takeshi 
Published: October 2007

Background There is no consensus about whether isolated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using multistrand hamstring tendon with nonoperative treatment for chronic medial collateral ligament injury is sufficient. Purpose To assess clinical outcome for patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament injury and accompanying grade II valgus laxity who received medial hamstring anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction alone. Results were compared with those of patients with isolated chronic anterior cruciate ligament injury without valgus laxity. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Two hundred eighty-nine patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury were compared with 53 patients with accompanying valgus laxity (minimum follow-up, 24 months). The following parameters were compared between the 2 groups at the last follow-up: range of motion, KT-1000 arthrometer value, pivot-shift test result, Lysholm knee scale, knee extensor muscle strength, return to sporting activities, subjective recovery, and International Knee Documentation Committee grade. Differences in clinical outcome were evaluated between those with preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee grade B and grade C and between those with grade A and grade B or C at final evaluation. Results Postoperative KT-1000 arthrometer value averaged 1.2 mm for those with isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury and 1.6 mm for those with accompanying valgus laxity (not significant, P = .281). There was no significant difference between these 2 groups regarding the other items. In patients with preoperative valgus laxity, KT-1000 arthrometer values at final evaluation between patients with preoperative grade B and C were not significantly different. The value for subjects with grade A at final evaluation was 1.3 mm and for those with grade B or C at final evaluation was 2.7 mm ( P = .065). Conclusion There was no clinically significant difference regarding outcome of anterior cruciate ligament multistrand hamstring reconstruction alone for 90% of patients with grade II valgus laxity who regained medial stability with nonoperative management compared with those who underwent the same anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for an isolated anterior cruciate ligament tear.
Biomechanical and Anatomical Assessment after Knee Hyperextension Injury
Authors: Fornalski Stefan , McGarry Michelle H. , Csintalan Rick P. , Fithian Donald C. , Lee Thay Q. 
Published: October 2007

Background Knee hyperextension can be a serious and disabling injury in both the athletic and general patient population. Understanding the pathoanatomy and pathomechanics is critical for accurate surgical soft tissue reconstructions. Purpose To quantify the effects of knee hyperextension injury on knee laxity in a human cadaveric model and to qualitatively assess the anatomical injury pattern through surgical dissection. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Six fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were rigidly mounted on a custom knee testing system that simulates clinical laxity tests. The knee laxity measurements consisted of anterior-posterior laxity, internal-external rotational laxity, and varus-valgus laxity using a custom testing setup and a Microscribe 3DLX system. The laxity data were collected at both 30° and 90° of knee flexion for the intact specimens and then after 15° and 30° hyperextension injury. After biomechanical assessment a detailed dissection was performed to document the injured structures in the knee. Repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Tukey post hoc test ( P < .05) was used for statistical comparison. Results The results from this study suggest progressive damage to translational and rotational knee soft-tissue restraints with increasing knee hyperextension. Knee hyperextension to 30° caused the most significant increase in anterior-posterior and rotational laxity. Anatomical dissections showed a general injury pattern to the posterolateral corner, partial femoral anterior cruciate ligament avulsion in 4 of 6 specimens, and no gross posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Conclusion Injuries to the posterolateral corner of the knee can result from isolated knee hyperextension. Clinical Relevance The clinician should be aware of the potential for posterolateral corner injuries with isolated knee hyperextension. This will allow early surgical planning and primary surgical repair.
A 10-Year Prospective Trial of a Patient Management Algorithm and Screening Examination for Highly Active Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Hurd Wendy J. , Axe Michael J. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: October 2007

Objective To clarify the determinants of dynamic knee stability early after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 1. Methods Three hundred forty-five consecutive patients who were regular participants in International Knee Documentation Committee level I/II sports before injury and had an acute isolated anterior cruciate ligament injury from the practice of a single orthopaedic surgeon underwent a screening examination including clinical measures, knee laxity, quadriceps strength, hop testing, and patient self-reported knee function a mean of 6 weeks after injury when impairments were resolved. Independent t tests were performed to evaluate differences in quadriceps strength and anterior knee laxity between potential copers and noncopers. Hierarchical regression was performed to determine the influence of quadriceps strength, preinjury activity level, and anterior knee laxity on hop test performance, as well as the influence of timed hop, crossover hop, quadriceps strength, preinjury activity level, and anterior knee laxity on self-assessed global function. Results Neither anterior knee laxity nor quadriceps strength differed between potential copers and noncopers. Quadriceps strength influenced hop test performance more significantly than did preinjury activity level or anterior knee laxity, but the variance accounted for by quadriceps strength was low (range, 4%–8%). Timed hop performance was the only variable that affected self-assessed global function. Conclusion Traditional surgical decision making based on passive anterior knee laxity and preinjury activity level is not supported by the results, as neither is a good predictor of dynamic knee stability. A battery of clinical tests that capture neuromuscular adaptations, including the timed hop test, may be useful in predicting function and guiding individualized patient management after anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Tunnel Positioning of Anteromedial and Posterolateral Bundles in Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Zantop Thore , Wellmann Mathias , Fu Freddie H. , Petersen Wolf 
Published: October 2007

Background The interest in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions has recently reawakened. Hypothesis The center of the femoral posterolateral (PL) bundle and the center of the femoral anteromedial (AM) bundle are not within the same plane and change their orientation throughout passive knee flexion. Additionally, the tibial center of the AM bundle is aligned with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the center of the PL bundle lies at the recommended tibial tunnel position for single-bundle ACL reconstruction reconstruction, 7 to 9 mm anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Materials In 20 human cadaveric knees (age range, 45–87 years) the distances from the center of the AM and PL bundle to the articular cartilage were measured. Radiographic analyses were performed using the techniques of Bernard and Hertel at the femur as well as the method by Stäubli and Rauschning at the tibia. Results The center of the AM bundle was at a point 5.3 mm (± 0.7) from the roof of the notch and 5.7 mm (± 0.5) from the intercondylar line. The center of the PL bundle is located at 6.5 mm from the shallow cartilage margin and 5.8 mm from the inferior cartilage margin. On the tibia, the center of the AM bundle is aligned with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, while the center of the PL bundle was located 11.2 mm (± 1.2) posterior and 4.1 mm (± 0.6) medial to the anterior insertion of the lateral meniscus. Radiographically, the center of the PL bundle is anterior along Blumensaat's line and lower in the femoral notch along the height of the condyles than the center of the AM bundle. At the tibia, the center of the AM bundle is at 30% and the PL bundle is located at 44% using the method of Stäubli and Rauschning. Conclusion The center of the femoral PL bundle is shallow and inferior to the AM bundle. On the tibia, the AM bundle lies anterior when compared with the typical single-bundle ACL tunnel that reflects the PL bundle. Clinical Relevance To imitate the anatomy of the intact ACL, it is mandatory to place the tunnels exactly within the femoral origin and tibial insertion of the ACL.
Live imaging of emerging hematopoietic stem cells and early thymus colonization
Authors: Kissa Karima , Murayama Emi , Zapata Agustin , Cortés Alfonso , Perret Emmanuelle , Machu Christophe , Herbomel Philippe 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We recently demonstrated in zebrafish the developmental migration of emerging hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that is thought to occur in mammalian embryos, from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) area to the successive hematopoietic organs. CD41 is the earliest known molecular marker of nascent HSCs in mammalian development. In this study, we show that in CD41-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos, the transgene is expressed by emerging HSCs in the AGM, allowing us for the first time to image their behavior and trace them in real time. We find that the zebrafish AGM contains no intra-aortic cell clusters, so far considered a hallmark of HSC emergence. CD41GFPlow HSCs emerge in the subaortic mesenchyme and enter the circulation not through the dorsal aorta but through the axial vein, the peculiar structure of which facilitates their intravasation. The rise in CD41-gfp expression among c-myb+ HSC precursors is asynchronous and marks their competence to leave the AGM and immediately seed the caudal hematopoietic tissue (which has a hematopoietic function analogous to that of the mammalian fetal liver). Imaging the later migration of CD41-GFP+ precursors to the nascent thymus reveals that although some reach the thymus by extravasating from the nearest vein, most travel for hours through the mesenchyme from surprisingly diverse and remote sites of extravasation.
Favorable long-term follow-up results over 6 years for response, survival, and safety with imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon-α treatment
Authors: Hochhaus Andreas , Druker Brian , Sawyers Charles , Guilhot Francois , Schiffer Charles A. , Cortes Jorge , Niederwieser Dietger W. , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Stone Richard M. , Goldman John , Fischer Thomas , O'Brien Stephen G. , Reiffers Jose J. , Mone Manisha , Krahnke Tillmann , Talpaz Moshe , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Imatinib mesylate, a targeted inhibitor of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, is the standard of care for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A phase 2 trial of imatinib in late chronic-phase (CP) CML after interferon-α (IFNα) failure enrolled 532 patients, 454 with a confirmed diagnosis of CP CML. Median time from diagnosis was 34 months; median duration of imatinib treatment was 65 months. Cumulative best rates of major cytogenetic response (MCyR) and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) were 67% and 57%, respectively. At the 5-year landmark, 184 (41%) of the 454 patients are in CCyR. At more than 6 years, 199 (44%) of the 454 patients remain on imatinib. Most responses occurred within 12 months of starting imatinib; however, some patients achieved initial MCyR and CCyR more than 5 years after imatinib initiation. Estimated rates of freedom from progression to accelerated phase (AP) and blastic phase (BP) and overall survival at 6 years were 61% and 76%, respectively. Both freedom from progression to AP/BP and overall survival (OS) were associated with cytogenetic response level at 12 months. No increase in rates of serious adverse events was observed with continuous use of imatinib for up to 6.5 years, compared with earlier time points. Imatinib continues to be an effective and safe therapy for patients with CP CML after failure of IFN.
All primitive and definitive hematopoietic progenitor cells emerging before E10 in the mouse embryo are products of the yolk sac
Authors: Lux Christopher T. , Yoshimoto Momoko , McGrath Kathleen , Conway Simon J. , Palis James , Yoder Mervin C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe relative contribution of yolk sac (YS)–derived cells to the circulating definitive hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) pool that seeds the fetal liver remains controversial due to the presence of systemic circulation and the onset of hematopoiesis within the embryo proper (EP) before liver seeding. Ncx1−/− embryos fail to initiate a heartbeat on embryonic day (E) 8.25, but continue to develop through E10. We detected normal numbers of primitive erythroid progenitors in Ncx1−/− versus wild type (WT) YS, but primitive erythroblasts did not circulate in the Ncx1−/− EP. While there was no significant difference in the number of definitive HPCs in Ncx1−/− versus WT YS through E9.5, the Ncx1−/− EP was nearly devoid of HPCs. Thus, primitive erythroblasts and essentially all definitive HPCs destined to initially seed the fetal liver after E9.5 are generated in the YS between E7.0-E9.5 and are redistributed into the EP via the systemic circulation.
LIF promotes neurogenesis and maintains neural precursors in cell populations derived from spiral ganglion stem cells
Authors: Oshima Kazuo , Teo Dawn Tju Wei , Senn Pascal , Starlinger Veronika , Heller Stefan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background
Stem cells with the ability to form clonal floating colonies (spheres) were recently isolated from the neonatal murine spiral ganglion. To further examine the features of inner ear-derived neural stem cells and their derivatives, we investigated the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a neurokine that has been shown to promote self-renewal of other neural stem cells and to affect neural and glial cell differentiation.

Results
LIF-treatment led to a dose-dependent increase of the number of neurons and glial cells in cultures of sphere-derived cells. Based on the detection of developmental and progenitor cell markers that are maintained in LIF-treated cultures and the increase of cycling nestin-positive progenitors, we propose that LIF maintains a pool of neural progenitor cells. We further provide evidence that LIF increases the number of nestin-positive progenitor cells directly in a cell cycle-independent fashion, which we interpret as an acceleration of neurogenesis in sphere-derived progenitors. This effect is further enhanced by an anti-apoptotic action of LIF. Finally, LIF and the neurotrophins BDNF and NT3 additively promote survival of stem cell-derived neurons.

Conclusion
Our results implicate LIF as a powerful tool to control neural differentiation and maintenance of stem cell-derived murine spiral ganglion neuron precursors. This finding could be relevant in cell replacement studies with animal models featuring spiral ganglion neuron degeneration. The additive effect of the combination of LIF and BDNF/NT3 on stem cell-derived neuronal survival is similar to their effect on primary spiral ganglion neurons, which puts forward spiral ganglion-derived neurospheres as an in vitro model system to study aspects of auditory neuron development.
Comparative gene expression profiling in two congenic mouse strains following Bordetella pertussis infection
Authors: Banus Sander , Vandebriel Rob J , Pennings Jeroen LA , Gremmer Eric R , Wester Piet W , van Kranen Henk J , Breit Timo M , Demant Peter , Mooi Frits R , Hoebee Barbara , Kimman Tjeerd G 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundSusceptibility toBordetella pertussisinfection varies widely. These differences can partly be explained by genetic host factors. HcB-28 mice are more resistant toB. pertussisinfection than C3H mice, which could partially be ascribed to theB.pertussis susceptibility locus-1(Bps1) on chromosome 12. The presence of C57BL/10 genome on this locus instead of C3H genome resulted in a decreased number of bacteria in the lung. To further elucidate the role of host genetic factors, in particular in theBps1locus, inB. pertussisinfection, and to identify candidate genes within in this region, we compared expression profiles in the lungs of the C3H and HcB-28 mouse strains followingB. pertussisinoculation. Twelve and a half percent of the genomes of these mice are from a different genetic background.ResultsUponB. pertussisinoculation 2,353 genes were differentially expressed in the lungs of both mouse strains. Two hundred and six genes were differentially expressed between the two mouse strains, but, remarkably, none of these were up- or down-regulated uponB. pertussisinfection. Of these 206 genes, 17 were located in theBps1region. Eight of these genes, which showed a strong difference in gene expression between the two mouse strains, map to the immunoglobulin heavy chain complex (Igh).ConclusionGene expression changes uponB. pertussisinfection are highly identical between the two mouse strains despite the differences in the course ofB. pertussisinfection. Because the genes that were differentially regulated between the mouse strains only showed differences in expression before infection, it appears likely that such intrinsic differences in gene regulation are involved in determining differences in susceptibility toB. pertussisinfection. Alternatively, such genetic differences in susceptibility may be explained by genes that are not differentially regulated between these two mouse strains. Genes in theIghcomplex, among whichIgh-1a/b, are likely candidates to explain differences in susceptibility toB. pertussis. Thus, by microarray analysis we significantly reduced the number of candidate susceptibility genes within theBps1locus. Further work should establish the role of theIghcomplex inB. pertussisinfection.
Expression of NDRG2 is down-regulated in high-risk adenomas and colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Lorentzen Anders , Vogel Lotte K , Lewinsky Rikke H , Sæbø Mona , Skjelbred Camilla F , Godiksen Sine , Hoff Geir , Tveit Kjell M , Lothe Inger Marie Bowitz , Ikdahl Tone , Kure Elin H , Mitchelmore Cathy 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background
It has recently been shown that NDRG2 mRNA is down-regulated or undetectable in several human cancers and cancer cell-lines. Although the function of NDRG2 is unknown, high NDRG2 expression correlates with improved prognosis in high-grade gliomas. The aim of this study has been to examine NDRG2 mRNA expression in colon cancer. By examining affected and normal tissue from individuals with colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, as well as in healthy individuals, we aim to determine whether and at which stages NDRG2 down-regulation occurs during colonic carcinogenesis.

Methods
Using quantitative RT-PCR, we have determined the mRNA levels for NDRG2 in low-risk (n = 15) and high-risk adenomas (n = 57), colorectal carcinomas (n = 50) and corresponding normal tissue, as well as control tissue from healthy individuals (n = 15). NDRG2 levels were normalised to β-actin.

Results

NDRG2 mRNA levels were lower in colorectal carcinomas compared to normal tissue from the control group (p < 0.001). When comparing adenomas/carcinomas with adjacent normal tissue from the same individual, NDRG2 expression levels were significantly reduced in both high-risk adenoma (p < 0.001) and in colorectal carcinoma (p < 0.001). There was a trend for NDRG2 levels to decrease with increasing Dukes' stage (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that expression of NDRG2 is down-regulated at a late stage during colorectal carcinogensis. Future studies are needed to address whether NDRG2 down-regulation is a cause or consequence of the progression of colorectal adenomas to carcinoma.
Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India
Authors: Sur Dipika , Ali Mohammad , von Seidlein Lorenz , Manna Byomkesh , Deen Jacqueline L , Acosta Camilo J , Clemens John D , Bhattacharya Sujit K 
Published: October 2007

Abstract

Background:
Exposure of the individual to contaminated food or water correlates closely with the risk for enteric fever. Since public health interventions such as water improvement or vaccination campaigns are implemented for groups of individuals we were interested whether risk factors not only for the individual but for households, neighbourhoods and larger areas can be recognised?

Methods:
We conducted a large enteric fever surveillance study and analyzed factors which correlate with enteric fever on an individual level and factors associated with high and low risk areas with enteric fever incidence. Individual level data were linked to a population based geographic information systems. Individual and household level variables were fitted in Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) with the logit link function to take into account the likelihood that household factors correlated within household members.

Results:
Over a 12-month period 80 typhoid fever cases and 47 paratyphoid fever cases were detected among 56,946 residents in two bustees (slums) of Kolkata, India. The incidence of paratyphoid fever was lower (0.8/1000/year), and the mean age of paratyphoid patients was older (17.1 years) than for typhoid fever (incidence 1.4/1000/year, mean age 14.7 years). Residents in areas with a high risk for typhoid fever had lower literacy rates and economic status, bigger household size, and resided closer to waterbodies and study treatment centers than residents in low risk areas.

Conclusion:
There was a close correlation between the characteristics detected based on individual cases and characteristics associated with high incidence areas. Because the comparison of risk factors of populations living in high versus low risk areas is statistically very powerful this methodology holds promise to detect risk factors associated with diseases using geographic information systems.