bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abscisic Acid Stimulates a Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase in Grape Berry
Authors: Yu Xiang-Chun , Li Mei-Jun , Gao Gui-Feng , Feng Hai-Zhong , Geng Xue-Qing , Peng Chang-Cao , Zhu Sai-Yong , Wang Xiao-Jing , Shen Yuan-Yue , Zhang Da-Peng 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that calcium plays a central role in mediating abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, but many of the Ca2+-binding sensory proteins as the components of the ABA-signaling pathway remain to be elucidated. Here we identified, characterized, and purified a 58-kD ABA-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase from the mesocarp of grape berries (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca), designated ACPK1 (for ABA-stimulated calcium-dependent protein kinase1). ABA stimulates ACPK1 in a dose-dependent manner, and the ACPK1 expression and enzyme activities alter accordantly with the endogenous ABA concentrations during fruit development. The ABA-induced ACPK1 stimulation appears to be transient with a rapid effect in 15 min but also with a slow and steady state of induction after 60 min. ABA acts on ACPK1 indirectly and dependently on in vivo state of the tissues. Two inactive ABA isomers, (−)-2-cis, 4-trans-ABA and 2-trans, 4-trans-(±)-ABA, are ineffective for inducing ACPK1 stimulation, revealing that the ABA-induced effect is stereo specific to physiological active (+)-2-cis, 4-trans-ABA. The other phytohormones such as auxin indoleacetic acid, gibberellic acid, synthetic cytokinin N-benzyl-6-aminopurine, and brassinolide are also ineffective in this ACPK1 stimulation. Based on sequencing of the two-dimensional electrophoresis-purified ACPK1, we cloned the ACPK1 gene. The ACPK1 is expressed specifically in grape berry covering a fleshy portion and seeds, and in a developmental stage-dependent manner. We further showed that ACPK1 is localized in both plasma membranes and chloroplasts/plastids and positively regulates plasma membrane H+-ATPase in vitro, suggesting that ACPK1 may be involved in the ABA-signaling pathway.
Pacific Islands History: A One‐Lifetime ‘Sunset Industry’
Authors: Campbell I. C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn the unprecedented expansion of historical studies after the Second World War, the ‘Third World’ as it later came to be called, attracted new interest, not just as places of European imperialist activity, but as places worthy of study in their own right. Rather surprisingly, the remote and insignificant Pacific Islands were amongst the earliest to come under this new gaze, mainly because of Australian security concerns. Pacific history thus achieved a precocious institutional identity in a dedicated Department of Pacific History at the new Australian National University, intended for research and post‐graduate training only. Its founding member and professor was J. W. Davidson, appointed in 1950.
British Biography, Large and Small
Authors: Harrison Brian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBritish biography has for the past century been a resilient art form, yet there are surprisingly few British sustained studies of biographical method: although biographies are widely read ‘they are for the most part unstudied, unexamined. The spirit which prevails in British biography is commonsensical, empirical and humane’.1 Progress on biographical theory can be made only after identifying biographical sub‐categories. These need to be multi‐layered, so that any one biography can be assigned to more than one layer, depending on whether one's focus is on characteristics of the biographical subject (period, region, gender, occupation, and so on), on the biography's purpose (reverential, celebratory, critical, debunking, expository, interpretative), on its authorship (individual or collaborative, informed or distanced), or on its length (all the way from the magisterial to the sketch or vignette, whose first citation in the Oxford English Dictionary dates from 1880). Fluctuating twentieth‐century fashion in the biography of the individual, written by a single author in one or more volumes, contrasts markedly with the steady and quiet prosperity of collaboratively produced vignettes – biographical sketches whose economy throws the essentials into relief. Because vignettes are my main concern here, the last two of my four layers are of special interest.
The Glorious Revolution
Authors: Pincus Steve 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEngland's Revolution of 1688‐89 has long been described as Glorious because it was not a Revolution. Edmund Burke set the tone for over two centuries of historiographical analysis when he proclaimed that ‘The Revolution was made to preserve our ancient indisputable laws and liberties, and that ancient constitution of government which is our only security for law and liberty.’ The English were not creating a new regime, merely restoring the old one that had been distorted by the Catholic James II. ‘The very idea of the fabrication of a new government is enough to fill us with disgust and horror,’ Burke concluded1. Thomas Babington Macaulay, writing two generations later, deployed his extensive historical learning to reach similar conclusions to his Whig precursor. The horrible ‘calamities’ of continental revolutions were averted in England because this ‘was a revolution strictly defensive, and had prescription and legitimacy on its side.’2‘To us who have lived in the year 1848,’ Macaulay argued, ‘it may seem almost an abuse of terms to call a proceeding, conducted with so much deliberation, with so much sobriety, and with such minute attention to prescriptive etiquette, by the terrible name of revolution.’3 Macaulay's great nephew George Macaulay Trevelyan reached very similar conclusions. Like Macaulay, Trevelyan insisted that in 1688‐89 ‘there are no new ideas.’4 He interpreted the Revolution as ‘a victory of moderation.’5 Unsurprisingly, like both Burke and Macaulay, Trevelyan thought ‘the spirit of this strange Revolution was the opposite of revolutionary.’6 More recent scholarship has done much to refine the story. Excellent work has been done to demonstrate that James II was himself a sophisticated ruler, with an innovative but not unrealistic political agenda. While a devout catholic, James II was committed to religious toleration. James II's very modern attempt to survey the Parliamentary classes, and to pressure them into repealing the Test Act and Penal Laws, the bulwark of a coercive national church, had a real chance of success.7 Nevertheless, after surveying recent findings by historians, John Morrill has found little reason to dissent from Trevelyan's fundamental assessments, concluding that ‘the Sensible Revolution of 1688‐89 was a conservative Revolution.’8
The Significance of the Frontier in World History
Authors: Jones Dan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTake a walk down the streets of any town in the western United States and you will see the legacy of a frontier: not the exceptional frontier of American mythology, but a fragment of the global frontier of European expansion over the last five hundred years. European weeds on the sidewalks, Eurasian microbes in Caucasian bodies, crosses on the church and in the cemetery, and Old World crops growing in the fields outside of town, all provide evidence of the modern expansion of European power. Now fly to Yunnan in China and see Muslim farmers harvesting Southeast Asian crops and worshiping in mosques that look like Chinese temples. These examples reveal that one of the most prominent facets of world history is the expansion and interchange of cultural and biological traditions that give rise to “frontier zones” of cultural interchange, accommodation, and conquest. Often fragmented by modern national borders, these frontier zones represent one of the major areas of global change. Despite the ubiquity of such zones, there exist few clear standards for defining frontiers or for studying them. Using a combination of scholarship from the study of the American West and some comparative examples from other world frontiers, a few observations can be made.
Some caveats about the ‘Atlantic’ paradigm
Authors: Cañizares‐Esguerra Jorge 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAtlantic history is becoming increasingly fashionable. For colonial North American history in particular, this new perspective has proven genuinely liberating. It has allowed historians to escape the traditional teleological narratives of the nation. The colonial history of what would later be the United States has long been cast in rather narrow conceptual and geographical terms. Narratives exploring the vicissitudes and exploits of European settlers, as they allegedly went about creating the foundations of the new nation somewhere on the northeast coast, had crowded the field. This paradigm has come tumbling down as scholars now study developments in areas well beyond the British continental colonies. Historians currently maintain that the territories that came together to form the original union were part of a much larger Atlantic, namely, colonial British, French, Dutch, and Spanish worlds, each made up of a multitude of historical actors. This change of perspective, to be sure, is most welcome.
Australian Historical Studies– New Directions for the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Damousi Joy 
Published: January 2006

Abstract Australian Historical Studies is the oldest historical journal in Australia. It began in 1940 in the Department of History at the University of Melbourne. Since then, the journal has been the barometer of the state of the profession and the changing nature of historical scholarship in Australia. From its initial connections to British constitutional and imperial history, to the establishment of Australian history as a discipline in its own right, AHS has charted the various trends, fashions and orientations of Australian historians. The expansion of social then cultural history, the influence of the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s in the emergence of labour and feminist history, as well as other specialisations such as immigration, urban, military, and sport history have all been documented in the contributions received over the past thirty years. The journal has also reflected the changing face of the profession itself, with a growing number of female, Indigenous and non‐Anglo contributors who have offered a corrective to the over‐representation of white, male, and middle class scholars who initially dominated the ranks of the profession. As the number of historians who have been employed outside of the universities has increased in number, so too have the contributions from freelance historians, museum curators and archivists. It is a challenge for any editor to capture a broad audience when dealing with this level of fragmentation of the discipline and an increasing specialisation of fields of research. These areas of history have now expanded and diversified to the extent that they run their own journals, conferences, and seminars, often without reference to the work of others in related fields.
Scottish or British?
Authors: Harvie Christopher 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe environment of history‐writing has always been governed by the school and university curricula, research, hopes of a general readership, and the requirements of politics. These have been framed by the English language community, the publishing industry and, more recently, the media market. To this Scotland added, after about 1960, an unprecedentedly active politics, culminating with the grant in 1999 of broad powers of self‐government. In this History has been both resource and instrument, and is correspondingly complex.
Continental Conceptions
Authors: Mapp Paul 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThey look solid enough on a modern globe, but continents turn out to be rather mercurial. It's more than a matter of plate tectonics, and North America is no exception. For more than three centuries after Columbus’ famous landfall, large parts of the North American continent remained unseen and uncharted by Europeans.1 Consequently, the western portions of maps of North America remained fluid, changing with new reports from explorers and with new fashions in cartography. Moreover, as new accounts reached, and new ideas gripped them, European savants considered and reconsidered how best to denominate and classify the vast lands of the western hemisphere. A complicated story lies behind the commonplace phrase ‘North America’.
Canada and the Empires of the Past
Authors: Perry Adele 
Published: January 2006

AbstractQueen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip paid a visit to the prairie city where I live last month, and people stayed away in droves. Across the country, the tour met with small crowds and sceptical assessments of the monarchy's future; there are many regional peculiarities in modern Canada, but disinterest in imperial pageantry apparently is not among them. This may not provide an answer to that shopworn question of North American historiography – namely why Britain's northern colonies did not share the revolutionary sentiments of their southern neighbours – but does hint at a distinct Canadian response to the innumerable disappointments of empire.
The History of Parliament
Authors: Seaward Paul 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSince 1951 the History of Parliament has been at work on one of the most complex and comprehensive projects ever attempted in British history. In its fifty years the History has published just eight works: but they include two hundred and eighty‐one years’ worth of political and parliamentary life in twenty‐eight volumes, twenty‐one thousand pages, around seventeen million words; over eighteen thousand biographies and around two thousand three hundred constituency articles researched in exhaustive detail, pulled together with introductory surveys.
Colonial North America
Authors: Taylor Alan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe escalating integration of North America ‐ by treaty, investment, trade, migration, travel, mass‐media, and environmental pollution ‐ renders our national boundaries increasingly porous. As a result, we may now be prepared to broaden our historical imagination beyond the national limits of the United States, to see more clearly a colonial past in which those boundaries did not yet exist.1
The Reformation Revived: The English Reformation Beyond Revisionism
Authors: Wabuda Susan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDoes the study of the Reformation still matter? Was the English Reformation a great political and cultural watershed whose conspicuous importance lies beyond serious doubt? Or do historians agree that the Reformation was less successful, less complete, and ultimately less important than we once thought? As the twentieth century drew to its close, the study of the Reformation seemed to fall on hard times until academic discourse was restructured around a vibrant new multiculturalism. Long‐held assumptions that used to dominate the field of historical research now had to be tested. Fresh voices from around the globe, who previously were rarely heard, at long last began to receive the scholarly attention that they deserve. Any western cultural ascendancy seemed to be a dubious legacy in a troubled world. New studies cut across established disciplines. Scholars challenged the notion of traditional historical eras, and changed many universities’ curricula. Familiar conceptual markers were removed, perhaps forever.
The John Foxe Project
Authors: Loades David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this project is to publish a definitive four‐text edition of John Foxe's Acts and Monuments of the English Martyrs. Foxe issued his original work in four versions over twenty years (1563, 1570, 1576 and 1583), and before that two shorter Latin versions (1554, 1559). The end product was immensely influential in shaping that protestant English self‐consciousness which emerged in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and survived as part of the ’philosophy of Empire’ until the middle of the twnentieth century. John Bunyan and John Milton, as well as generations of church historians and political pamphleteers, acknowledged a debt of gratitude to Foxe. After the vernacular bible, the Acts and Monuments was probably the most influential book to appear in English during the sixteenth century.
Why Australian History Matters
Authors: Bridge Carl 
Published: January 2006

AbstractI have been teaching Australian history to students in the University of London on and off over the last fifteen years. Most of the class are young Britons, and there is a scattering of exchange students from other European universities, the Americas and Asia. It is a perennially popular subject and I often wonder why? One answer, better than it seems at first sight, is the mountaineer’s: ‘because it is there’. But there are certainly some things that attract students to Australian history more than others. There is a fascination with the exotic and the natural wonders. Students are particularly interested in the Aboriginal past and culture. And they are curious to explore what European and other immigrants and their descendants have achieved when they have a chance to invent a society de novo. There is also an interest in how a country of predominantly European traditions has negotiated its position permanently anchored as it is in Pacific Asia. As our London students all study Australian history along with courses on the histories of other countries and movements, there is also considerable opportunity for comparative work, and this offers perspectives that do not naturally occur to historians studying Australia from within.
Culture across Borders in the Americas
Authors: Fein Seth 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTo begin, all history is cultural, and all culture is hybrid. Whether or not they ostensibly frame their work as ‘cultural’, all historians grapple to contextualize past communication. Whether or not they work across national borders, all historians must examine the distinct fibers that comprise seemingly solid fields of signification. For the historian who does work cross‐nationally, it is necessary to relate the distinct international forces operating between nations to the transnational forces produced by the presence of one nation within another. It is at this nexus of the international and transnational – of the territorial and extraterritorial, of political economy and socioculture – that provocative work about U.S.‐Latin American cultural relations currently resides.
Comparing Early Modern American Worlds: Some Reflections On The Promise Of A Hemispheric Perspective
Authors: Greene Jack P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article explores the tensions between the fashionable Atlantic history and multicultural history paradigms, in particular between the broad‐ranging tendencies of the former and the national state‐centered orientation of the latter. It proposes an American hemispheric perspective as a way of supplementing both these paradigms, while at the same time enriching understanding of the variations in the operation of the colonial impulse in the early modern Americas and avoiding the anachronism implicit in a multicultural approach that interests itself only in those areas that subsequently became part of the United States.
Finding the Voices of Nineteenth Century Urban Mexico
Authors: Warren Richard 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe last two decades have seen a dramatic increase in research that focuses on the transition from colony to nation‐state for that part of the Americas that would become Mexico during the first half of the nineteenth century. Central to this enterprise has been the challenge to understand endemic political instability from the outbreak of the War of Independence in 1810 to the rise of the Porfirio Díaz regime in the eighteen‐seventies. Factions with competing ideologies (federalists and centralists, republicans and monarchists) intermittently gained a shaky hold over national authority, sometimes through peaceful means, most often by force. This upheaval has affected the way researchers approach the era conceptually and methodologically. Much of the traditional historiography dismissed this ‘age of caudillos’ either as a series of personal confrontations among military chieftains or as pure anarchy roaring through the crumbling floodgates of colonial structures. The major sources for this interpretation of Mexico's nineteenth century were the narrative accounts of contemporary participants and observers, both domestic and foreign. A primary obstacle to revision of this orthodoxy is a result of the very instability that needs explanation, since many of the traditional tools of the historian, even the most basic public records, have disappeared, been damaged beyond repair, or were never generated in the first place. The recent proliferation of excellent publications on the era is a tribute to researchers’ diligence in tracking down material and their creativity in working with what is available. Neglected sources from municipal and regional archives ‐ for example, judicial, electoral, and ecclesiastical records ‐ have been used to great effect. In addition, the application of sophisticated quantitative analysis on the one hand and a turn towards cultural history on the other, have altered our understanding of this era and fomented healthy discussions within the field over the nature of the historical inquiry. The endnotes and bibliography for this essay contain only a brief sample of this scholarship.
Genocide and Holocaust Consciousness in Australia
Authors: Dirk Moses A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEver since the British colonists in Australia became aware of the disappearance of the indigenous peoples in the 1830s, they have contrived to excuse themselves by pointing to the effects of disease and displacement. Yet although ‘genocide’ was not a term used in the nineteenth century, ‘extermination’ was, and many colonists called for the extermination of Aborigines when they impeded settlement by offering resistance. Consciousness of genocide was suppressed during the twentieth century – until the later 1960s, when a critical school of historians began serious investigations of frontier violence. Their efforts received official endorsement in the 1990s, but profound cultural barriers prevent the development of a general ‘genocide consciousness’. One of these is ‘Holocaust consciousness’, which is used by conservative and right‐wing figures to play down the gravity of what transpired in Australia. These two aspects of Australian public memory are central to the political humanisation of the country.
History Never Repeats? The Waitangi Tribunal and New Zealand History
Authors: Morris Ewan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn 1985, the New Zealand government extended the jurisdiction of the Waitangi Tribunal, a quasi‐judicial body formed to investigate Maori claims of breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi, back to the time of the signing of the Treaty in 1840. As a result, the Tribunal entered the business of writing history. The history that appears in Tribunal reports, however, has some distinctive features that distinguish it from other types of historical writing, and this article explores some of these features. The article argues that the Tribunal's historical reports have sought not only to explain the losses suffered by Maori in the past, but also to suggest a better way forward for Maori and non‐Maori in the future.
A History for our Time? The Idea of the People in Australian Democracy
Authors: McKenna Mark 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAn attempt is made to re‐appraise the language of popular sovereignty in Australian political history and to signpost some important directions that new research might take. The increasing relevance of popular sovereignty in contemporary politics in both the United Kingdom and Australia is explored. The traditional interpretations of the role of popular sovereignty in Australian political history are outlined: their origins are explained, their credibility is assessed and the recent historiography of popular constitutionalism in nineteenth‐century Australia is addressed. In conclusion, some directions for future research are suggested.