bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental assessment of the potential impacts of longline mussel farming on the infauna in an open coastal embayment
Authors: Lasiak T.A. , Underwood A.J. , Hoskin M. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The existence of perceived ecological impacts and development of adaptive management solutions to mitigate these problems are important issues in sustainable aquaculture. This paper examines the general impacts of two newly established trial longline installations on the infauna in Twofold Bay, a large, coastal embayment in south‐east Australia.
We hypothesized that the physical presence of these longline installations and the biological activities of the mussels they supported would result in temporal changes in densities of infaunal taxa below installations differing from those at undisturbed control sites. We also predicted different patterns of variability in infauna between longline and control sites from before to after the longlines were stocked. These hypotheses were tested by using a beyond‐BACI sampling design and asymmetrical analyses of variance to compare changes in densities of taxa at several different spatial scales below the proposed longline sites with those at two adjacent control sites, before and after the longlines were stocked.
After 18 months of longline operations, there was no evidence of any impact on total number of taxa, nor densities of individual taxa. Short‐term temporal trends in densities in plots at control sites from April to May 2001 were often as different from each other as from those at the longline site. This indicates that densities of taxa at the farm site were within the range typically found at undisturbed sites, so there were no ecological impacts from the farm.
These results do not concur with previous studies on impact of mussel farming in semi‐enclosed coastal waters. Differences in location, scale of production, duration of operation and assimilative capacity of the environment probably contributed to this discrepancy. The infauna in Twofold Bay either do not respond to this form of disturbance or have not yet been exposed to disturbance of a sufficient magnitude, or for a sufficient period of time, to elicit a detectable response. Better definition of the potential ecological impacts associated with aquaculture, plus their scale and magnitude in different environments is needed to design experiments and monitoring programmes to detect specific impacts. This activity can only be considered sustainable once we know that these impacts are localized, reversible and short‐term.
Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do I get better looking each day? Changes in self‐perceptions of attractiveness as a function of temporal perspective
Authors: Haddock Geoffrey 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDo people perceive themselves as becoming more attractive across time? The present studies investigated whether individuals (a) judge their previous self as physically less attractive than their current self and (b) judge their future self to be physically more attractive than their current self. The studies also investigated when temporal biasing of attractiveness is most likely to occur. In Study 1, students rated their present and past attractiveness. The results revealed that participants' ratings of past attractiveness were lower than current ratings, but only among individuals for whom attractiveness was important to their self‐concept. In Study 2, participants rated their present attractiveness and their expected attractiveness in 5 years. The results revealed that ratings of future attractiveness were higher than current ratings, but only among individuals who frequently engage in social comparisons. The implications of the results are discussed with respect to self‐appraisals of attractiveness and psychological well‐being. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion of composite to enamel and dentin surfaces irradiated by IR laser pulses of 0.5–35 μs duration
Authors: Staninec Michal , Gardner Andrew K. , Le Charles Q. , Sarma Anupama V. , Fried Daniel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe characteristics of laser‐treated tooth surfaces depend on the laser wavelength, pulse duration, spatial and temporal laser beam quality, incident fluence, surface roughness, and the presence of water during irradiation. Ablated surfaces are most commonly restored with adhesive dental materials and the characteristics of the ablated surfaces influence adhesion of restorative materials. Previous studies suggest that high bond strengths can be achieved using shorter laser pulses that minimize peripheral thermal damage. In this study, Er:YSGG, Er:YAG, and CO2 lasers were used at irradiation intensities sufficient to simulate efficient clinical caries removal to uniformly irradiate bovine enamel and human dentin surfaces using a motion control system with a microprocessor‐controlled water spray. The degree of spatial overlap of adjacent pulses was varied so as to investigate the influence of irradiation uniformity and surface roughness on the bond strength. Composite resin was bonded to the irradiated surfaces and shear bond tests were used to obtain bond strengths in MPa. The highest results were obtained using the Er:YAG pulses with pulse durations less than 35 μs without the necessity for postirradiation acid etching. Some of these groups were not significantly different from nonirradiated, acid‐etch‐only positive control groups. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Production and characterization of laccase and manganese peroxidase from the ligninolytic fungus Fomes sclerodermeus
Authors: Papinutti Leandro , Martínez María J 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFomes sclerodermeus was grown on semi‐defined media based on yeast extract, peptone and glucose (YPG). The fungus produced a minimum basal level of laccase activity irrespective of culture medium. The highest laccase production (20 U cm−3) was obtained in cultures supplemented with CuSO4. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) could only be detected when MnSO4 was added to the medium. None of the aromatic compounds tested stimulated further laccase or MnP production. Laccase and MnP stimulated by Cu2+ or Mn2+ respectively were purified. Two different laccase isoenzymes with the same molecular mass (67 kDa) and N‐linked carbohydrate content (3%) and a slight difference in their pI values (3.41 and 3.48) were characterized. In addition, two different MnP isoenzymes with the same molecular mass (47 kDa) and N‐linked carbohydrate content (4%) and different pI values (3.35 and 3.45) were characterized. Both enzymes showed good stability at 25 °C and over a wide range of pH. Both laccases oxidize ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) more efficiently than 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol (DMP) with similar efficiency values (Kcat/Km) while the MnP I, the major peroxidase isoenzyme in the studied conditions, oxidizes the Mn2+ and Mn‐mediated activity on DMP more efficiently than MnP II. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Excessive, optimal, and insufficient fundraising among the Nonprofit Times 100
Authors: Jacobs Fred A. , Marudas Nicholas P. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract

Using a six‐factor model of donations, we estimate the effect on net donations; i.e., donations less fundraising expenditures, of a one percent marginal increase in fundraising expenditures, for each sample nonprofit organization (NPO) from the Nonprofit Times 100 from 2000 to 2002. No prior study of U.S. NPOs estimates the effect of fundraising expense on net donations. We then use these estimates and what we argue is the correct benchmark, the ratio of fundraising expense to donations, to provide evidence, for each NPO, on whether the NPO's level of fundraising is ‘excessive,’ ‘optimal,’ or ‘insufficient,’ relative to the level that maximizes net donations. All prior studies using log‐log models use what we suggest is an incorrect benchmark for evaluating NPO fundraising behavior.

The estimated effect of a 1% increase in fundraising on net donations varies widely across NPOs in our sample—from an increase in net donations of 0.18% of gross donations to a decrease of 0.66% of gross donations. Of the 76 Nonprofit Times 100 NPOs with usable data in 2002, we estimate that 24 engaged in ‘excessive’ fundraising, 18 engaged in ‘insufficient’ fundraising, and 34 did not engage in ‘excessive’ or ‘insufficient’ fundraising; i.e., we could not reject the null hypothesis of ‘optimal’ levels of fundraising.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation for nucleated solution flow through slit die in foam extrusion
Authors: Stephen C. , Bhattacharya S.N. , Khan A.A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNucleated solution flow models have been previously developed by Baldwin and coworkers to aid modular design of the foam extrusion process. A framework of previously developed design models is applied here to investigate the flow of nucleated polypropylene–CO2 solution system. Refinement to the design models is introduced through viscosity reduction factors and Redlich‐Kwong equation of state to describe nonideal gas. These models incorporate temperature and concentration dependency of viscosity, surface tension, and solubility. Simulated results of pressure profiles and volumetric flow rates using a power law rheological equation are compared with experimental values from a three pressure tapping slit die. The influence of temperature on the profiles and its effect on design models is discussed. Preliminary results show that temperature plays an important role in the categorization of process design models. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:751–762, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization of the fracture behavior of polyethylene using measured cohesive curves. II. Variation of cohesive parameters with rate and constraint
Authors: Ting S.K.M. , Williams J.G. , Ivankovic A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of constraint and rate on the measured cohesive parameters are presented. The parameters were extracted from results of an experimental study of the constraint and rate‐dependent fracture behavior of tough polyethylene using circumferentially notched tensile specimens described in a preceding companion paper. The study found that the cohesive parameters, the energy of separation (Γ), the cohesive strength (σpeak), and the break separation (δbreak), are interrelated and no single fracture parameter can be adequately used independently to describe the fracture behavior. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:778–791, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Electron ionization mass spectra of phosphorus‐containing heterocycles. II. 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐decahydro‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphinine 2‐oxides
Authors: Martiskainen Olli , Juhász Márta , Zalán Zita , Fülöp Ferenc , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe electron ionization mass spectra of cis‐ and trans‐fused 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐decahydro‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphinine 2‐oxides (1–17) were recorded, and the fragmentation pathways were established and compared with those of 1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐2H‐3,1,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine 2‐oxides. In general, the mass spectral behaviors of the isomeric compounds were very similar and it was mostly impossible to differentiate them from each other on the basis of the relative abundances of their characteristic fragment ions. The compounds in which R2 = Ph or OPh exhibited a series of common fragments, e.g. [R2H]+, R2PONHR1(3)+, [M–C3H7]+ and [M–C4H9]+, the latter two ions being present in the spectra of only two of the derivatives with an N(CH2CH2Cl)2 substituent on the P atom. When R2 = Ph, numerous other alkyl radicals, alkenes and a cycloalkane were also ejected and these compounds also lost NH2, NH3, CH3N, CH4N or CH3NH2. The compounds with an N(CH2CH2Cl)2 substituent on the P atom most closely resembled their 3,1,2‐O,N,P analogs in respect of the dominant role of this substituent. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissociation of biomolecules using a ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight/curved field reflectron tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a differential‐pumped collision cell
Authors: Belgacem Omar , Bowdler Andrew , Brookhouse Ian , Brancia Francesco L , Raptakis Emmanuel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA commercial matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐ToF) instrument equipped with a curved field reflectron (CFR) was modified in order to perform collision‐induced dissociation (CID) on a variety of biomolecules. The incorporation of a high‐resolution ion gate together with a collision cell within the field‐free region allowed tandem mass analysis (MS/MS), without the necessity to decelerate the precursor ions prior to activation. The simultaneous detection of all product ions remained possible by using the CFR. To test the MS/MS performances, ACTH (fragment 1–17), a complex high mannose carbohydrate (Man)8(GlcNac)2 and a lysophosphatidylcholine lipid (18:1) were analysed on the modified instrument. Direct comparison with the low‐energy product ion spectra, acquired on a MALDI quadrupole ion trap (QIT) two‐stage reflectron time‐of flight (ReToF) mass spectrometer, showed significant differences in the types of product ions observed. The additional ions detected were a clear indication of the high‐energy fragmentation processes occurring in the collision cell. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct nitric oxide measurement in human spermatozoa: flow cytometric analysis using the fluorescent probe, diaminofluorescein
Authors: Lampiao Fanuel , Strijdom Hans , Du Plessis Stefan S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have demonstrated that intracellular nitric oxide (NO) can be detected and measured directly in human spermatozoa by flow cytometry using the fluorescent probe 4,5‐diaminofluorescein‐2/diacetate (10 μm). This method can measure both exogenously added as well as endogenously generated intracellular NO.
ASSET PRICE BUBBLES, LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE
Authors: Erturk Korkut A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTIn his Treatise on Money, Keynes relied on two different themes to argue that the interest rate need not rise with rising levels of expenditure. One of these was the elasticity of the money supply, and the other was the interaction between financial and industrial circulation. A decrease (increase) in what Keynes called the bear position was similar in its impact to that of a policy‐induced increase (decrease) in the money supply. In the General Theory, this second line of argument lost much of its force as it became reformulated under the rubric of Keynes liquidity preference theory of interest. Assuming that the expected return on capital adjusts to the interest rate in short‐period equilibrium, Keynes ignored the effect of bull or bear sentiment in equity markets as a second‐order complication that can be ignored in analyzing the equilibrium level of investment and output. The objective of this paper is to go back to this old theme from the Treatise and underscore its importance for Keynesian theory of the business cycle.
COMPARATIVE DYNAMICS AND OPTIMAL FISCAL POLICY IN A SIMPLE MODEL OF ENDOGENOUS GROWTH
Authors: Weber Christian E. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTI analyze optimal fiscal policy choices in a continuous time endogenous growth model similar to Barro’s. The government uses income taxes from representative ‘rich’ and ‘poor’ households to finance purchases of productive goods and to make transfer payments to poor households. Increases in government purchases can increase the growth rate, while increases in transfers reduce growth. I examine the socially optimal allocation of government resources to purchases and transfer payments and describe conditions under which both the rich and poor would benefit from cuts in entitlements if the savings are used to finance increased government purchases of productive goods.
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURY CASES USING THE REGRESSION TREE APPROACH
Authors: PERSONA ALESSANDRO , BATTINI DARIA , FACCIO MAURIZIO , BEVILACQUA MAURIZIO , CIARAPICA FILIPPO EMANUELE 
Published: April 2006

Occupational safety and illness surveillance has made a great effort to spread a "safety culture" to all workplaces and a great deal of progress has been made in finding solutions that guarantee safer working conditions.This paper analyses occupational injury data in order to identify specific risk groups and factors that in turn could be further analyzed to define prevention measures. A technique based on rule induction is put forward as a non-parametric alternative tool for analyzing occupational injury data which specifically uses the Classification And Regression Tree (CART) approach. Application of this technique to relevant work-related injury data collected in Italy has been encouraging. Data referring to 156 cases of injury in the period 2000–2002 were analyzed and lead to the factors that most affect work-related injuries being identified. According to the literature, up to the time of writing computer-intensive non-parametric modeling procedures have never been used to analyze occupational injuries. The aim of this paper is to use a real world application to illustrate the advantages and flexibility of applying a typical non-parametric epidemiological tool, such as CART, to an occupational injury study. This application can provide more informative, flexible, and attractive models identifying potential risk areas in support of decision-making in safety management.
A pentecostal Response to Pinnock’s Proposal
Authors: Gause R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis response to Clark Pinnock’s proposal for Pentecostal ecclesiology appreciates the affirming and promising directions that have been offered. Yet the respondent also recognizes the many significant ecclesiological contributions in the early practice, polity, and literature of the Pentecostal movement that have not been sufficiently acknowledged due to their being manifest in forms other than those of formal academic theology—a fact that should not be allowed to diminish recognition of their ecclesiological import and impact.
A pentecostal Appropriation of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral
Authors: Bevins Winfield 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt is important for Pentecostals to re-examine the theological method of John Wesley, not merely to imitate what he has done, but to utilize his sources for developing a method that is contemporary, ecumenical, and Pentecostal. This study will utilize the so-called Wesleyan Quadrilateral as a model for further theological dialogue between Wesleyan and Pentecostal traditions by demonstrating that there is a unique pneumatology in Wesley’s theological method. This article will examine the historiography of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral, analyze the role of the Holy Spirit in each of the four areas (Scripture, reason, tradition, experience), and then offer a Pentecostal appropriation of the Wesleyan Quadrilateral.
Synthesis and Electrophosphorescent Properties of a Novel Iridium Complex with Arylamine Unit in the Polymer Light-emitting Devices
Authors: Wu Zhonglian , Xing Kongqiang , Luo Cuiping , Liu Yu , Yang Yuping , Gan Quan , Zhu Meixiang , Jiang Changyun , Cao Yong , Zhu Weiguo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A novel Ir complex, (BuPhNPPy)2Ir(acac) with arylamine unit, was synthesized. A peak external quantum efficiency of 10.4% photons per electron at current density of 32 mA/cm2 and a maximum luminance of 14610 cd/m2 at drive voltage of 24 V were achieved in a single-layered polymer light-emitting device using this Ir complex as dopant with 4% dopant concentration and a blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) as host matrix. The highly efficient electrophosphorescence of the Ir complex was exhibited with green emission at 533 nm.
Single server queue with uniformly bounded virtual waiting time
Authors: Cohen J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a previous paper [4] the author studied the stochastic process {wn, n = 1,2, …}, recursively defined by

with K a positive constant, τ1, τ2, … σ1, σ2, …, independent, nonnegative stochastic variables. τ1,τ2…, are identically distributed, and σ1,σ2,…, are also identically distributed variables. For this process the generating function of the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the joint distribution of Wn, σ2 + … + σn and τ1 + … + τn−1 has been obtained. Closely related to the process {wn, n = 1, 2,…} is the process {un, n = 1, 2,…} with {un = K + [wn + τn − K]−, n = 1,2,…; these are dual processes.In the present paper we study the stationary distributions of the processes {wn, n= 1,2, …} and {un, n = 1,2, …}, and the distributions ot the entrance times and return times of the events “wn, n = 0” and “un = K” for some n, for discrete as well as for continuous time. For these events various taboo probabilities are also investigated. The mathematical descri ption of the processes {wn, n = 1,2, …} and {un, n= 1,2, …} gives all the necessary information about the time-dependent behaviour for the general dam model with finite capacity K, since the process {wn, n= 1,2, …} is the basic process for such dam models. In Sections 5, 6 and 7 the general theory is applied to the models M/G/1 and G/M/1. Complete explicit solutions are obtained for these models.The present theory also leads to new and important results for the queueing system or dam model G/G/1 with infinite capacity. For instance the joint distribution of the busy period (or wet period) and of the supremum of the dam content dunng this period is obtained.
Transient behavior of multi-server queues with recurrent input and exponential service times
Authors: Bhat U. Narayan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCustomers arrive in a recurrent process and get served by one of the s (≧1) servers wit han exponential service time distribution. The equilibrium behavior of the queue length process has been studied by earlier authors. In this paper the transient behavior of this process is investigated.
Some new results in the mathematical theory of phage-reproduction
Authors: Puri Prem S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn the theory of phage reproduction, the mathematical models considered thus far (see Gani [5]) assume that the bacterial burst occurs a fixed time after infection, after a fixed number of generations of phage multiplication, or when the number of mature bacteriophages has reached a fixed threshold. In the present paper, a more realistic assumption is considered: given that until timetthe bacterial burst has not taken place, its occurence betweentandt+ Δtis a random event with probabilityf(· |t)Δt+o(Δt), wherefis a non-negative and non-decreasing function of the numberX(t) of vegetative phages and ofZ(t), the number of mature bacteriophages at timet.More specifically it is assumed thatf=b(t)X(t) +c(t)Z(t) withb(t),c(t) ≦ 0. HereX(t) denotes the survivors in a linear birth and death process andZ(t) the number of deaths until timet.The joint distribution ofXTandZT, the respective numbers of vegetative and mature bacteriophages at the burst time is considered. The distribution ofZTis then fitted to some observed data of Delbrück [2].
A note on linear estimation of the intensity in a doubly stochastic Poisson field
Authors: Grandell Jan 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA realization of a doubly stochastic Poisson field is assumed to be observed in a Borel set S ⊂ Rk. The best linear estimate of the realization of the intensity field (at an arbitrary but fixed point x ∈ S) which generated the observation is obtained.