bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody specific for granulocytic‐lineage cells and reactive with human pluripotent and committed haematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Janowska‐Wieczorek Anna , Mannoni Patrice , Turner A. Robert , McGann Locksley E. , Shaw Andrew R. E. , Turc Jean‐Michel 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA murine monoclonal antibody (82H5, IgM class) has been developed that detects an antigenic determinant expressed by ± 90% of normal granulocytes and 60‐80% of light‐density normal bone‐marrow cells, including human pluri‐potential progenitors (colony‐forming‐unit‐granulocyte, erythroid, macrophage, megakaryocyte; CFU‐GEMM) and committed progenitors: granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM), erythroid (BFU‐E), and megakaryocytic (CFU‐MK). This antibody did not react with erythrocytes, monocytes, platelets, lymphocytes from normal peripheral blood, lymphoblasts from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, or with lymphoid cell lines. The 82H5‐defined antigenic determinant was expressed on ±90% of leukaemic cells of promyelocytic, myelomonocytic and monocytic morphology, and cell lines KG.1, ML.1, HL.60, K562 and U.937. Cortical thymocytes were unreactive with 82H5. Treatment of human bone‐marrow cells with granulocytic‐specific monoclonal antibody 82H5 plus complement significantly inhibited colony formation (48‐74%; P±0.05) of CFU‐GEMM, CFU‐GM, BFU‐E, CFU‐MK, whereas treatment with control monoclonal anti‐la antibody plus complement caused 79‐89% inhibition. This antibody reacted strongly with 3‐fuc‐NAc lactosamine when tested with a panel of synthetic carbohydrate structures. We conclude that 82H5 may be a useful probe for phenotypic analysis of leukaemic cells and investigation of haematopoiesis.
Neutrophils with ring‐shaped nuclei in myeloproliferative disease
Authors: Langenhuijsen M. M. A. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNeutrophils with ring‐shaped nuclei were found in 12 out of 28 patients with myeloproliferative disease and only rarely in patients with toxaemic granulocytosis and in healthy controls. Nuclear ring formation and hyposegmentation appeared to be significantly related.
Normal content of brain spectrin‐like protein in sph/sph mice
Authors: Casoria Linda A. , Zagon Ian S. , Bernstein Seldon E. , Shohet Stephen B. , McLaughlin Patricia J. , Goodman Steven R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn the erythrocytes of WBB6F1‐sph/sph mice spectrin constitutes only ‐ 1% of the total sph/sph membrane protein compared to ‐ 23% in WBB6F1‐+/+ controls. No increase in proteolytic degradation of spectrin in sph/sph erythrocyte membranes could be detected with antibodies directed againt mouse erythrocyte spectrin or mouse brain spectrin‐like protein. As attachment of normal spectrin to the erythrocyte membrane of these animals appeared to be normal, and as spectrin not detected when whole sph/sph erythrocytes are solubilized in SDS for SDS PAGE, the deficient erythrocyte spectrin was probably due to diminished production. Brain spectrin‐like protein, a nonerythroid spectrin analogue, is antigenically, morphologically and functionally related to erythrocyte spectrin, but appears by peptide mapping analysis to be a distinct gene product. It was found by protein‐ and antibody‐staining of brain membranes to be present in normal concentrations in sph/sph animals. Indirect immunofluorescence of mouse brain tissue with anti‐brain spectrin‐like protein IgG or anti‐erythrocyte spectrin IgG indicated that the distribution of brain spectrin‐like protein was normal in sph/sph brain. Therefore the mutation causing diminished production of sph/sph erythrocyte spectrin does not affect the expression of this nonerythroid spectrin analogue.
Depletion of excessive liver iron stores with desferrioxamine
Authors: Cohen Alan , Martin Marie , Schwartz Elias 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTO determine the therapeutic effect of long‐term, intensive iron chelation therapy, we studied liver iron content and histology in four children with thalassaemia major during 52‐83 months of intensive therapy with desferrioxamine. The initial biopsies obtained prior to or within 21 months after beginning chelation therapy had Grade IV iron staining, with heavy iron deposition present in parenchymal and reticuloendothelial cells. Subsequent biopsies, obtained when serum ferritin levels had fallen to 71‐246 μg/1, contained Grade 0 or Grade I stainable iron. Little or no iron was present in parenchymal or reticuloendothelial cells. The liver iron concentration, measured by magnetic susceptibility, returned to normal or nearly normal levels. Hepatic fibrosis did not progress during treatment with desferrioxamine. These findings demonstrate that intensive and sustained chelation therapy with desferrioxamine will remove excessive liver iron and preserve hepatocellular structure.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation contributes to haemopoietic recovery in children with solid tumours treated with high dose melphalan
Authors: Kingston Judith E. , Malpas J. S. , Stiller C. A. , Pritchard J. , McElwain T. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDuring a 5 year period, 64 children with advanced stage malignant solid tumours have been treated with high dose melphalan (140‐220 mg/m2) combined with non‐cryopreserved autologous marrow transplantation. All children developed a profound neutropenia and thrombocytopenia following high dose melphalan. Both the duration of neutropenia (median l1d) and the duration of thrombocytopenia (median 18 d) were related to the nucleated cell count of the reinfused marrow but neither appeared to be affected by the dose of melphalan. This suggests that the initial recovery of the peripheral blood count results from the engrafted autologous marrow. We conclude that autologous marrow transplantation accelerates haemopoietic recovery in children with solid tumours treated with high dose melphalan.
Actin pools and actin microfilament organization in cultured human endothelial cells after exposure to thrombin
Authors: Galdal Kjell Sverre , Evensen Stein A. , Høglund Anna‐Stina , Nilsen Erling 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in primary confluent cultures lost their normal polygonal shape and assumed a ‘contracted’ appearance as judged by phase contrast microscopy when exposed to highly purified bovine thrombin (2 N.I.H. u/ml). Total actin in thrombin‐exposed cells did not differ from that of control cells, as measured by the deoxyribonuclease I inhibition assay. However, the monomeric actin pool (unpolymerized actin) in thrombin‐treated HUVEC was c. 15% smaller (P<0.01) than in control HUVEC (in which it represented approximately 50% of total actin). Transmission electron microscopy showed that thrombin‐stimulated HUVEC contained more and thicker bundles of filamentous actin than control cells. Polymerization of actin and reorganization of actin microfilaments may contribute to the shape changes of HUVEC induced by thrombin.
Heat production rate in polymorphonuclear granulocytes from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia and healthy individuals
Authors: Faldt R. , Ankerst J , Monti M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHeat production rate in polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) from 18 AML patients and 21 healthy individuals was measured using microcalorimetry. An increased PMN heat production rate was found in most AML patients at diagnosis and during the first 6 months of remission. In 7/7 patients showing values above the normal mean level the heat production rate decreased during sequential analysis. The increased PMN heat production rate is serum dependent and leukaemic sera induced increased calorimetric values also in PMN from healthy donors. This effect was not due to heat labile complement factors.
Measurement of platelet life‐span in normal subjects and patients with myeloproliferative disease with indium oxine labelled platelets
Authors: Bautista A. P. , Buckler P. W. , Towler H. M. A. , Dawson A. A. , Bennett B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe use of “‘Iridium oxine as a platelet label for the performance of platelet life‐span studies has been examined. Platelet life‐span in normal subjects varied between 8‐10 and 10‐36 d. Patients with primary thrombocythaemia had clearly reduced platelet life‐span whether or not they presented with vascular occlusion and this abnormality persisted after reduction of the platelet count to normal by busulphan therapy. Patients with similarly elevate platelet counts due to chronic granulocytic leukaemia or after splenectomy had platelet life‐span values in the normal range. Plasma β‐TG levels could not be used to predict platelet life‐span in these groups of patients. Measurement of platelet life‐span using 111 Indium labelled platelets is a useful technique in the examination of platelet function in occlusive vascular disease.
Low plasma cell 3(H) thymidine incorporation in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smouldering myeloma and remission phase myeloma: a reliable indicator of patients not requiring therapy
Authors: Boccadoro Mario , Gavarotti Paolo , Fossati Giorgio , Pileri Alessandro , Marmont Filippo , Neretto Giorgio , Gallamini Andrea , Volta Carla , Tribalto Maurizio , Testa Maria G. , Amadori Sergio , Mandelli Franco , Durie Brian G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe kinetics of bone marrow plasma cells were evaluated by means of in vitro 3(H) thymidine incorporation in 143 patients with monoclonal gammopathies. Fifty‐three patients had symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM) at diagnosis, nine were in stable remission, six in unstable remission, and 16 in the relapse phase. Thirty‐seven patients were classified has having monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 22 as smouldering myeloma (SM). A thymidine labelling index (LI%) of > 3 at initial diagnosis predicted a very short survival. High LI% values (median 2.8 ± 1.1) were also seen at relapse. However, the major new finding was that the LI% could be used to discriminate precisely between the SM‐MGUS group and the MM patients including stage I disease (P < 0‐0001). Only one patient developed MM during follow up, that being 8 months after the initial diagnosis of SM. During the unmaintained stable remission (plateau) phase a low proliferative activity was also observed (LI%= 0.6 ± 0.2).Thus the LI% was extremely useful in identification of both poor risk groups with a LI% > 3 and stable patients requiring no immediate therapy with a LI% < 1. The ability to discriminate between MGUS and SM and stage I MM should prove particularly useful clinically.
Successful chemotherapy with deoxycoformycin in adult T‐cell lymphoma‐leukaemia
Authors: Daenen S. , Rojer R. A. , Smit J. W. , Halie M. R. , Nieweg H. O. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA patient from the Caribbean area with active T‐cell lymphoma‐leukaemia was primarily treated with deoxycoformycin (DCF), 5 mg/m2 i.v. on 3 consecutive days, followed by 5 mg/m2 i.v. weekly. A complete remission was attained and maintained during several weeks with DCF. A single consolidation course with other cytostatics was then given. The patient continues in complete remission without further therapy, 24 months after diagnosis, 17 months after the last cytostatic drugs. T‐cell lymphoma‐leukaemia has a bad prognosis with conventional anti‐lymphoma therapy but was exquisitely sensitive to DCF in this patient.
Anticardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Harris E. N. , Gharavi A. E. , Hegde U. , Derue G. , Morgan S. H. , Englert H. , Chan J. K. H. , Asherson R. A. , Hughes G. R. V. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryUsing a recently devised solid phase radioimmunoassay to detect anticardiolipin antibodies, we report the presence of these antibodies in 30 of 96 patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP). IgG anticardiolipin antibody levels were elevated in 14 patients and IgM anticardiolipin antibody levels were elevated in 27 patients.We suggest that these antibodies may mediate peripheral platelet destruction by binding to phospholipids in the platelet membrane. It is also conceivable that the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies may select a subpopulation of patients with chronic AITP who may go on to develop other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Immunoassays of factor IX antigen using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Yoshioka A. , Giddings J. C. , Thomas J. E. , Fujimura Y. , Bloom A. L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMonoclonal antibodies to factor IX were produced by immunization of balb/c mice with purified factor IX and fusion of spleen cells with SP‐1 murine myeloma cells. Antibody producing hybrids were detected by an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and by coagulation inhibitor (Bethesda type) methods. Monoclonal antibodies with titres of > 1 x 105 tested by the ELISA and 5000–8000 inhibitor units were obtained. A new ELISA method was developed using one of these monoclonal antibodies to quantitate factor IX antigen (IXAg) in plasma samples from patients with hereditary factor IX deficiency. In addition a two‐site solid phase immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for factor IX was established. The results of these new methods were compared with those obtained on the same plasma samples using conventional factor IX coagulation assays and the Laurell rocket method. The lower limit for the detection of IXAg by the ELISA was approximately 0.01 unit per ml whilst that for the IRMA was about 0.001 unit per ml (normal plasma = 1 unit per ml). The lower detection limit for IXAg using the Laurell rocket method was about 0.06 units per ml. The improved sensitivity of the new immunoassays enabled quantitation of low levels of IXAg in patients with moderately severe factor IX deficiency and confirmed the presence of excess IXAg compared to IX activity (IXC) in a relatively high proportion of cases (28 out of 51 tested). Results of testing plasma from obligate carriers confirm the suggestion that measurements of IXAg and IXC may improve the classification of carrier status in these kindred.
Characterization of blast cells in chronic granulocytic leukaemia in transformation, acute myelofibrosis and undifferentiated leukaemia
Authors: Polli N. , O'Brien M. , Tavares de Castro J. , Matutes E. , San Miguel J. F. , Catovsky D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA systematic analysis of the blast cell population was carried out on samples from 50 patients suffering from blast transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) (31) and of myelofibrosis (4), acute myelofibrosis (AM) (11) and undifferentiated acute leukaemia (4). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), used in 41 samples, included: morphology and techniques for myeloperoxidase (MPO), platelet‐peroxidase (PPO) and acid phosphatase (AP). The majority of cases were also studied by light microscopy cytochemistry and with a battery of cell markers which are reported in the accompanying paper (San Miguel et al, 1985). The characterization of the type(s) of proliferating blasts was made from the integration of ultrastructural and immunological data. TEM morphology allowed the precise recognition of specific granules in basophil and mast‐cell precursors and of ferritin particles in blasts of erythroid lineage; these rare cell types were not adequately characterized by other methods. The PPO reaction made possible the identification of pure megakaryoblastic proliferations in 38% of cases, including eight of the 11 with AM; megakaryoblasts were also present in nine of 12 cases with mixed blast cell types. The MPO and AP reactions were useful for the characterization of myeloblasts and monoblasts, respectively. Lymphoblasts could be distinguished from other cell types by TEM morphology and negative MPO and PPO reactions. TEM techniques were valuable for diagnosing correctly the type of blast cell in this study in which only four cases (8%) remained unclassifiable.
The myelodysplastic syndrome: analysis of laboratory characteristics in relation to the FAB classification
Authors: May S. J. , Smith S. A. , Jacobs A. , Williams A. , Bailey‐Wood R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA detailed study of 43 newly diagnosed cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) shows that many of the morphological features of blood and bone marrow are common to the different FAB groups. In addition, there is no clear distinction between the groups with regard to CFU‐E, BFU‐E or CFU‐GM colony growth in vitro or ferrokinetic assessment of erythropoiesis in vivo. The interrelationships between all the parameters we have studied have been examined and there is little correlation between erythroid colony formation in vitro, the percentage erythroblasts in the bone marrow, erythroid output measured by ferrokinetics and the peripheral blood reticulocyte count, all of which appear to measure different aspects of erythropoiesis. Reduced erythroid colony growth and a high degree of ineffective erythropoiesis in vivo are common in all groups and appear to be an early manifestation of abnormal function. Decreasing marrow iron turnover is more closely related to increasing numbers of marrow blast cells than any other index of erythropoiesis.
Investigations of host defence in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Boghossian Seda H. , Wright Geoffrey , Webster A. David B. , Segal Anthony W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Parameters of host defence were investigated in 30 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). A newly devised perfusion system was used to study the kinetics in whole blood of leucocyte adherence, phagocytosis, killing and solubilization of a mixture of Staph. aureus and Str. pneumoniae, and secretion of lactoferrin. A skin window technique was used to examine the accumulation of leucocytes at inflammatory foci and their subsequent rate of movement through a filter. Serum concentrations of C3, C4, total haemolytic complement and immunoglobulins were also measured.The rate of neutrophil migration into filters was slightly reduced in patients with SCD. The proportion of monocytes that emigrated from the skin windows and their rate of migration were markedly diminished. The adhesion of neutrophils and their ability to kill staphylococci were also reduced, particularly in patients of the haemoglobin (Hb) SS and Hb S‐β‐thalassaemia genotypes. Neutrophil function was mostly impaired in patients with the greatest frequency of bacterial infection. The rate of clearance of pneumococci was related to the concentration of type specific immunoglobulin G but not M. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement were normal.We were unable to define a defect of host defence of sufficient magnitude to explain the susceptibility of these patients to severe infection.
Heterogeneity of Ia antigen expression on myeloblastic leukaemias: correlation with stage of maturation defined by cytochemical markers
Authors: Heumann Didier , Carrel Stefan , Morell Andreas , Gratwohl Alois , Fopp Markus , Schneider Philippe , Barras Catherine , Mach J. P. , von Fliedner V. E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary The expression of Ia‐like antigen (la) has been studied in 55 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in correlation with the expression of both Sudan Black (SB) and naphthol AS‐D chloroacetate esterase (NCAE) stains. Operationally the AML cases were divided into three groups using only NCAE expression on the leukaemic cells: the first group with early maturation stage (MS1) consisted of 30 cases with less than 10% NCAE positive cells (SB: 15–100%); the MS2 group of 14 cases with 10–70% NCAE positive cells (SB: 65–100%) and the MS3 group of 11 cases with 70–100% NCAE positive cells (SB: 89–100%).Ia expression was determined by complement‐dependent cytotoxicity, immuno‐fluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods. A similar high percentage (80%) of patients from both group MS1 and MS2 expressed Ia on the surface of 32–100% of the cells. Furthermore, individual comparison of all cases from these two groups showed no correlation between Ia, NCAE and SB expression. Only in the 11 cases from the MS3 group, which included nine cases of promyelocytic leukaemias, was there a correlation between very low expression of Ia antigen with the high NCAE expression. Thus, for AML with a low degree of differentiation the expression of Ia seems to be independent of conventional cytochemical markers of cell maturation.
Prognostic factors in the myelodysplastic syndromes: importance of initial data on peripheral blood counts, bone marrow cytology, trephine biopsy and chromosomal analysis
Authors: Tricot G. , Vlietinck R. , Boogaerts M. A. , Hendrickx B. , Wolf‐Peeters C. De , Van den Berghe H. , Verwilghen R. L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAn analysis of clinical, haematological, histological and cytogenetic data was performed in 85 consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The criteria for diagnosis of refractory anaemia (RA), acquired idiopathic sideroblas‐tic anaemia (AISA) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) were clearly defined, since the inclusion criteria provided by the FAB co‐operative group are imprecise. None of these patients has received chemotherapy during the follow‐up period. The median survival of the whole group was only 15 months, with less than 10% of the patients surviving after 5 years. Fifteen patients (17.6%) were still alive at time of analysis, 31 (36.5%) have developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and only one of them is still alive; 30 (35.3%) died of infectious and/or haemorrhagic complications. Patients who developed AML had a shorter survival (median survival time 9.5 versus 15 months) but this difference was not significant (P = 0.10). Factors with prognostic value are in order of significance: abnormal localized immature myeloid precursors (= ALIP) in the trephine biopsy. circulating myeloblasts, excess of blasts in the bone marrow smears, age, FAB classification and granulocyte count. In comparison to refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), CMML and RAEB in transformation (RAEBt), patients with RA and AISA had a lower incidence of evolution to AML (11% versus 56%), but a higher mortality rate from infections and/or bleeding (59.2% versus 29%). ALIP negative cases were only found among patients with RA and AISA, whereas ALIP positivity was observed in all cases of RAEB and RAEBt. in 10/11 patients with CMML and in almost half the cases of RA and AISA. In RA and AISA patients survival was significantly different between
Reactivity of rat monoclonal antibody CAMPATH‐1 with human leukaemia cells and its possible application for autologous bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Hale G. , Swirsky D. , Waldmann H. , Chan L. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe rat monoclonal antibody CAMPATH‐1 recognizes a hitherto undefined antigen present on virtually all normal lymphocytes and monocytes. Its reactivity with 105 samples of fresh leukaemic cells and 13 cell lines was measured by indirect fluorescence and peroxidase staining to define in more detail which stages of differentiation it recognizes. It was found to bind to cells from virtually all cases of lymphoid leukaemia (B cell CLL*, T cell ALL, cALL and the few examples of HCL, PLL, Sezary syndrome and CGL in lymphoid blast crisis). The single case of cALL in relapse and four of six cases of null ALL were negative. Binding to non‐lymphoid leukaemia cells (AML, AMML, AMoL, APL, AEL and CGL in blast crisis) was weaker or undetectable. Binding to established lymphoid cell lines was generally weak compared with fresh cells but some lines (MOLT4, DAUDI and X308) expressed adequate amounts of antigen to be lysed by CAMPATH‐1 with human complement. Because CAMPATH‐1 is very effective at killing lymphocytes in the presence of human complement, it has been used for removal of T cells in allogeneic transplants. The present results suggest that it might also have a role in purging bone marrow of leukaemia cells prior to autologous transplantation for acute lymphocytic leukaemia.