bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scalable multi-modal learning fruit detection algorithm for dynamic environments
Authors: Mao Liang , Guo Zihao , Liu Mingzhe , Li Yue , Wang Linlin , Li Jie 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionTo enhance the detection of litchi fruits in natural scenes, address challenges such as dense occlusion and small target identification, this paper proposes a novel multimodal target detection method, denoted as YOLOv5-Litchi.MethodsInitially, the Neck layer network of YOLOv5s is simplified by changing its FPN+PAN structure to an FPN structure and increasing the number of detection heads from 3 to 5. Additionally, the detection heads with resolutions of 80 × 80 pixels and 160 × 160 pixels are replaced by TSCD detection heads to enhance the model's ability to detect small targets. Subsequently, the positioning loss function is replaced with the EIoU loss function, and the confidence loss is substituted by VFLoss to further improve the accuracy of the detection bounding box and reduce the missed detection rate in occluded targets. A sliding slice method is then employed to predict image targets, thereby reducing the miss rate of small targets.ResultsExperimental results demonstrate that the proposed model improves accuracy, recall, and mean average precision (mAP) by 9.5, 0.9, and 12.3 percentage points, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv5s model. When benchmarked against other models such as YOLOx, YOLOv6, and YOLOv8, the proposed model's AP value increases by 4.0, 6.3, and 3.7 percentage points, respectively.DiscussionThe improved network exhibits distinct improvements, primarily focusing on enhancing the recall rate and AP value, thereby reducing the missed detection rate which exhibiting a reduced number of missed targets and a more accurate prediction frame, indicating its suitability for litchi fruit detection. Therefore, this method significantly enhances the detection accuracy of mature litchi fruits and effectively addresses the challenges of dense occlusion and small target detection, providing crucial technical support for subsequent litchi yield estimation.
Effects of a novel non-pharmacological intervention based on respiratory biofeedback, neurofeedback and median nerve stimulation to treat children with ADHD
Authors: Santamaría-Vázquez Eduardo , Estudillo-Guerra Anayali , Ali Lna , Martinez Diana , Hornero Roberto , Morales-Quezada Leon 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects cognitive, academic, behavioral, emotional, and social functioning, primarily in children. Despite its high prevalence, current pharmacological treatments are not effective in 30% of cases and show poor long-term adherence. Non-pharmacological interventions can complement medication-based treatments to improve results. Among these therapies, neurofeedback (NFB) and respiratory biofeedback (R-BFB) have shown promise in treating ADHD symptoms. Moreover, median nerve stimulation (MNS) can help to enhance the efficacy of these treatments, but it has never been explored in this context. This study aimed to: (1) investigate the effectiveness of a combined R-BFB and NFB intervention to treat ADHD, and (2) explore the potential benefits of MNS in enhancing the proposed intervention.MethodsSixty children with ADHD participated in the study, divided into two experimental groups. The active group received verum MNS, and the sham group received sham MNS. Both groups performed the NFB/R-BFB treatment. Clinical assessments (i.e., Conner's parent rating scale) and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements were taken before the intervention, immediately after treatment, and one month later.ResultsThe results showed that the combined therapy significantly improved behavioral problems, anxiety, hyperactivity, and impulsivity-hyperactivity. Moreover, MNS enhanced the positive effects of the intervention, as the active group achieved higher improvement compared to the sham group. EEG analysis revealed significant changes in spontaneous brain activity, with an increase in frontal theta power (p = 0.0125) associated with reduced anxiety, which might explain the clinical outcomes. These changes were maintained 1 month after the intervention (p = 0.0325). Correlations between EEG changes and clinical outcomes were observed, suggesting a potential relationship between neurophysiological markers and ADHD symptoms measured by standardized scales.DiscussionThe study findings suggest that the proposed R-BFB/NFB intervention may be an effective non-pharmacological therapy for ADHD, with the additional application of MNS potentially enhancing its effects.
Spatial frequency preferences of representations of indoor and natural scene categories in scene-selective regions under different conditions of contrast
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Miao Qiaomu , Liu Baolin 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionScene-selective regions were shown to be significantly affected by spatial frequencies (SF) and have different sensitivities to low spatial frequencies (LSF) and high spatial frequencies (HSF). However, previous studies mainly focused on the neural activations or the neural patterns in a single SF band.MethodsTo investigate the extent to which the information of a single SF is used in scene category representations, we not only decoded the scene categories in each SF, but also used the neural patterns to LSF or HSF to decode the patterns to non-filtered (NF) scenes based on fMRI data using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA). As luminance contrast was shown to follow statistical regularities along with SF, we performed the decoding analyses separately in two conditions of contrast where the contrast of LSF and HSF was unmodified or equalized.ResultsThe results showed distinct SF preferences in the two contrast conditions, showing that luminance contrast has a significant role in SF processing. In addition, we also performed the above analyses only within natural and indoor scenes, respectively. The results showed the scene-selective regions were more efficient in distinguishing natural scene categories in LSF, and the LSF was preferentially used along with high luminance contrast in recognition of natural scenes. On the other hand, humans preferentially used HSF information in distinguishing indoor scenes.DiscussionThis distinct SF preferences maybe caused by the different aspects of information conveyed by LSF and HSF, as well as the different strategies of spatial perception in natural and indoor scenes recognition.
Psychometric properties and meaningful change thresholds for the QOL-E instrument in patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms
Authors: Oliva Esther Natalie , Guo Shien , Lord-Bessen Jennifer , Yucel Aylin , Latagliata Roberto , Breccia Massimo , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Sanpaolo Grazia , Riva Marta , Santini Valeria , Platzbecker Uwe , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Fenaux Pierre , Pelligra Christopher G. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundMyelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenias, and an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. One of the main treatment goals is improving quality of life (QoL), particularly for patients with lower-risk MDS (LR-MDS) who may live longer with compromised QoL. The QOL-E© is a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure specifically developed to address the lack of a health-related QoL questionnaire for patients with MDS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric performance of the QOL-E in patients with LR-MDS.MethodsData from four clinical trials in MDS (MEDALIST, DARB-MDS, EQoL-MDS, and RevMDS trials) were used to assess construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness. The QOL-E was validated by the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire – Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and clinical outcomes. It contains 29 items with the first two items assessing the patient’s general well-being and the 27 remaining items grouped into six domain scores: physical well-being (QOL-FIS), functional well-being (QOL-FUN), social/family well-being (QOL-SOC), sexual well-being (QOL-SEX), fatigue (QOL-FAT), and MDS-specific disturbances (QOL-MDSS). Additionally, meaningful within-patient change (MWPC) thresholds were determined for the domains and summary scores of the QOL-E using anchor-based analyses, supported by distribution-based analyses.ResultsA total of 458 patients were included in the analyses. The QOL-E domain/summary scores demonstrated acceptable convergent/divergent and known-groups validity. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency was confirmed with intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbach alpha exceeding 0.70 across most QOL-E domains/summary scores. The QOL-E domains/summary scores, except for QOL-SEX, had an adequate ability to detect change from baseline to Week 24. MWPC thresholds were proposed for all other domains and summary scores.ConclusionThe study results demonstrate that the QOL-E is generally fit for purpose to assess treatment effects in populations with LR-MDS and the proposed MWPC thresholds can be used to assess within-patient treatment effect on PROs, as assessed by the QOL-E, in future studies.
Nematicidal potential of Microbacterium maritypicum Sneb159 against Heterodera glycines and the complete genome sequence analysis
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xing Zhifu , Sikandar Aatika , Duan Yuxi 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionHeterodera glycines is one of the most important pathogens of soybean production worldwide. Biological control provides a strategy for sustainable and environmentally friendly nematode management.MethodsIn this study, solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was used to reveal the volatile nematicidal compounds of Microbacterium maritypicum Sneb159 and the mode of action was further elucidated via whole genome sequencing.ResultsThe present study demonstrated that M. maritypicum Sneb159 fermentation broth showed strong nematicidal activities against H. glycines. The filtrate rather than bacterial cells played a role in the nematicidal character, and reduced the invasion number as well as suppressed the development of juveniles in soybean. The analysis of chemotaxis showed that M. maritypicum Sneb159 has a repellent effect on H. glycines in pot experiments. The volatiles produced by M. maritypicum Sneb159 are toxic to H. glycines for both juveniles and eggs. The seven compounds were analyzed using SPME-GC-MS. In the bioassays, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide showed both direct contact and fumigated effect on juveniles and eggs. The complete genome sequence of the bacterium M. maritypicum Sneb159 was completed using the PacBio sequencing platform. The genome comprised 3895529 bp and a 68.63% G + C content. Three secondary metabolites gene clusters were predicted by the antiSMASH system.DiscussionThe findings reveal multifunction of M. maritypicum Sneb159 towards H. glycines, and has the potential to be developed as a safe nematicidal agent.
Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Zhang Jianlang , Yang Xinzhu , Huo Chunyu , Fan Xinyi , Liu Qiutong , Liu Zhihong , Su Yu , Chen Zujing 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionWRKY transcription factors are essential for plant growth, health, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress.MethodsIn this study, we performed a deep in silico characterization of the WRKY gene family in the genome of Eucalyptus grandis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of these genes upon colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and infection with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs).ResultsA total of 117 EgWRKYs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis divided the EgWRKY proteins into three groups: group I (21 proteins, 17.95%), group II (65 proteins, 55.56%), and group III (24 proteins, 20.51%). Additionally, seven EgWRKY proteins (5.98%) were categorized into group IV due to the absence of the WRKY domain or zinc-finger structure. All EgWRKY genes are distributed irregularly across the 11 chromosomes, with 25 pairs identified as segmental duplicates and four as tandem duplicates. The promoter regions of 50% of members of each subfamily contain plant hormone-related cis-elements associated with defense responses, such as ABREs, TGACG motifs, and CGTCA motifs. All subfamilies (except for group IV-b and IV-c) contain AW-boxes, which are related to mycorrhizal induction. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that 21 EgWRKYs were responsive to the AMF Ri, with 13 and 8 genes strongly up- and downregulated, respectively. Several genes (including EgWRKY116, EgWRKY62, and EgWRKY107) were significantly induced by Ri; these genes might enhance the defense of E. grandis against Rs.DiscussionTherefore, we identified E. grandis WRKY genes that are regulated by AMF colonization, some of which might improve the defense of E. grandis against R. solanacearum. These findings provide insights into E. grandis WRKY genes involved in interactions among the host plant, AMFs, and R. solanacearum.
Mental health literacy among older adults in Shanghai: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Xu Rongjing , Jing Mingrui , Zhang Aining , Zha Liqi , Wang Yan , Wang Anni , Tang Jun , Xia Biyun , Jia Shoumei 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe aging population in China is surging rapidly, and elderly individuals are at higher risk of multiple mental health issues. Improving the mental health literacy of older adults can help them recognize mental illness and adopt proactive measures, potentially improving their mental health status and supporting the goal of healthy aging.ObjectiveTo explore mental health literacy among older adults, providing a foundation for future interventions aimed at improving their mental health literacy.MethodsGuided by the new conceptualization framework of mental health literacy developed by Jiang et al. the study involved 20 community-dwelling older adults from four communities in Shanghai who were selected through purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to summarize and extract themes from the data.ResultsThe qualitative analysis identified three primary themes and eight subthemes: inadequate knowledge about mental health and illnesses, negative intentions and attitudes toward maintaining mental health and preventing mental illnesses, and health behavior to promote mental health and prevent mental disorders.ConclusionThis study reveals significant gaps in mental health literacy among older adults, underscoring the necessity for multifaceted interventions. It calls for concerted efforts from individuals, families, and society to bolster mental health knowledge, challenge stigma, and encourage supportive behaviors. By integrating these approaches with the ‘Healthy China 2030’ policy, we aim to enhance mental health literacy for the aged.
Enhancing athlete performance under pressure: the role of attribution training in mitigating choking
Authors: Huang Dan , Wang Huilin , Tang Yiwei , Lei Hanyue , Koh Denise 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionChoking in athletes describes a marked reduction in their skill level, falling below the normal level, when under stress. This paradoxical performance decline, which athletes strenuously to avoid yet frequently encounter, was the focus of this study. We implemented training interventions on athletes who had experienced choking to assess their impact on fear of failure and self-criticism. Correct or improve the subjects’ inappropriate attribution of failure results, and enable them to learn to use appropriate and positive attribution, enhance motivation levels, and thus achieve the purpose of improving behavior and performance levels.MethodsThe snowball sampling technique was used to collect data through the combination of online electronic questionnaires and offline paper questionnaires, so as to explore the choking phenomenon of elite athletes by attributing the influence of training variables on self-efficacy. The research team conducted a survey of elite athletes in Central China between October and December 2023. In this study, 350 questionnaires were distributed, 350 questionnaires were collected after the questionnaires were distributed, and 328 valid questionnaires were finally eliminated through screening. And the relevant statistical analysis is carried out on the data.ResultsThe results confirmed the significant correlations between attribution training and fear of failure (β = −0.548, p &lt; 0.001), attribution training and self-criticism (β = −0.531, p &lt; 0.001), fear of failure and self-efficacy (β = −0.240, p &lt; 0.001), and self-criticism and self-efficacy (β = −0.408, p &lt; 0.001). Finally, the correlation between fear of failure and self-criticism (β = −0.211, p &lt; 0.01) was validated.ConclusionAthletes who underwent attribution training showed significant reductions in fear of failure and self-criticism, thereby decreasing their negative emotions, enhancing their positive emotions, and improving their self-efficacy during sports performance.
Avatars and humans may not elicit the same accent-related biases in mock courtroom research
Authors: Frumkin Lara A. , Stone Anna , Spiller Mary Jane 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionConducting research to better understand the role of extralegal factors in courtroom decision-making requires either labor intensive methods, such as simulating a trial, or approaches that are not ecologically valid, such as using short written case vignettes. If avatars could be used in simulated courtrooms, experiments could more easily manipulate extralegal variables for study without requiring significant resourcing, for example hiring actors and having access to a courtroom. The current study used previously developed stimulus materials of a human eyewitness in a courtroom and created a comparable avatar eyewitness and virtual courtroom to assess ratings of the human and avatar.MethodParticipants (N = 703) saw one of 12 videos depicting an eyewitness on the stand at a criminal trial recounting a burglary. The design was a 2 × 2 × 3, mode of presentation (human or avatar), accent (General American English or non-standard) and country of origin (Germany, Mexico or Lebanon). Three actors voiced each human and avatar pair using General American English and one of the non-standard accents (German, Mexican or Lebanese) so that variation in ratings could be attributed to presentation mode, accent and country of origin.ResultsAn analysis of covariance revealed that the avatar witnesses were rated more favorably than the humans and there were no main effects of accent nor country of origin, contrary to previous research using the human video stimuli. A three-way interaction showed the Lebanese human non-standard accented witness was rated more poorly than her standard-accented counterpart, her avatar counterpart, and the Mexican and German human non-standard accented witnesses.DiscussionFindings reveal that avatar witnesses cannot yet reliably replace their human counterparts. Discussion as to what can be done in future to further investigate how to create courtroom stimulus materials is presented along with possible explanations as to the reasons for different findings in this research than previous studies.
Deviation from the balanced time perspective and depression and anxiety symptoms: the mediating roles of cognitive-behavioral emotion regulation in a cross-cultural model
Authors: Abdollahpour Ranjbar Hamed , Altan-Atalay Ayse , Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Turan Bulent , Eskin Mehmet 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundTime perspective (TP) influences how individuals perceive and classify their past, present, and future, impacting their cognition, behavior, and psychological outcomes. Deviation from the balanced time perspective (DBTP) is associated with mental health problems (e.g., depression and anxiety). Emotion regulation (ER) encompasses cognitive and behavioral processes to regulate emotions, with maladaptive strategies like rumination and withdrawal linked to depression and anxiety. Despite extensive research on TP and ER, their joint impact, particularly in the context of depression and anxiety, and cultural differences remain underexplored.MethodParticipants (N = 513 Iranian, N = 470 Turkish) completed self-report questionnaires on time perspective, cognitive and behavioral ER, anxiety, and depression symptoms. A moderated mediation model was assessed, incorporating the exogenous variable of DBTP, with ER strategies as mediators, and endogenous variables of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The model accounted for cultural variations in the paths as a moderator.ResultsSignificant associations were found between DBTP, ER strategies, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Mediation analyses revealed that both cognitive and behavioral ER strategies (except for adaptive behavioral ER strategies) significantly mediated the associations between DBTP and depression and anxiety. Additionally, multigroup analyses suggested that these mediating effects were consistent across Iranian and Turkish samples, with exceptions in adaptive cognitive ER strategies.ConclusionThe study highlights the crucial role of TPs and ER strategies in predicting anxiety and depression symptoms, with notable cultural nuances. Specifically, maladaptive strategies exacerbate symptoms, while adaptive strategies mitigate them primarily in Iranian contexts. Cultural subtleties are discussed in detail.
Factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among Tunisian children
Authors: Guedria Asma , Guedria Mohamed , Ben Fredj Manel , Ayoub Randaline , Ben Abid Hela , Mhalla Ahmed , Slama Hela 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental condition that affects millions of children and adolescents worldwide. Knowledge of risk factors associated with ADHD may reduce its prevalence and its severe impact on patient’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with ADHD and to discuss their involvement in the genesis of the disorder.MethodsThis is a case-control study involving a first group of 74 children (mean age = 9 years) diagnosed with ADHD. The second group included 80 healthy control children. They were randomly selected and matched for age and gender. A literature-based questionnaire assessing the socio-demographic data, biological and environmental factors associated with ADHD was administered to the parents. The diagnosis of ADHD group was made by a trained child psychiatrist according to the DSM-5 criteria supplemented by the Conners scales of parents and teachers. For the control group, we added to the questionnaire the MINI-kid section of ADHD to screen for possible presence of ADHD symptoms. Univariate then multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with ADHD.ResultsSeveral factors were more prevalent in children with ADHD than in controls: disturbed family dynamics, low socio-economic status, family history of psychiatric and organic pathologies, and particularly several early environmental factors, including passive smoking during pregnancy, prematurity, fetal distress, caesarean delivery and low birth weight. In the early childhood period, early exposure to television was also strongly associated with ADHD. However, the multivariate model conducted to determine the variables independently associated with ADD/ADHD revealed only three determining factors: passive smoking during pregnancy (OR = 4.60 [2.14, 9.94]; p &lt; 0.001), acute fetal distress (OR = 5.08 [1.47, 17.52]; p = 0.01), and familial psychiatric history (OR = 9.37 [2.46, 35.59]; p = 0.001).DiscussionThe recognition of factors involved in the genesis of ADHD within different ethnic populations may help understanding and broaden our knowledge of this disorder to develop targeted strategies for prevention and early intervention. Further participants with more robust statistical output are required to confirm our findings to a more generalized population.