bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive phenotype and neurodegeneration associated with Tau in Huntington's disease
Authors: Martinez‐Horta Saul , Perez‐Perez Jesús , Perez‐Gonzalez Rocío , Sampedro Frederic , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Campolongo Antonia , Rivas‐Asensio Elisa , Puig‐Davi Arnau , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical phenotype of Huntington's disease (HD) can be very heterogeneous between patients, even when they share equivalent CAG repeat length, age, or disease burden. This heterogeneity is especially evident in terms of the cognitive profile and related brain changes. To shed light on the mechanisms participating in this heterogeneity, the present study delves into the association between Tau pathology and more severe cognitive phenotypes and brain damage in HD.MethodsWe used a comprehensive neuropsychological examination to characterize the cognitive phenotype of a sample of 30 participants with early‐to‐middle HD for which we also obtained 3 T structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We quantified CSF levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), total Tau (tTau), and phosphorylated Tau‐231 (pTau‐231). Thanks to the cognitive characterization carried out, we subsequently explored the relationship between different levels of biomarkers, the cognitive phenotype, and brain integrity.ResultsThe results confirmed that more severe forms of cognitive deterioration in HD extend beyond executive dysfunction and affect processes with clear posterior‐cortical dependence. This phenotype was in turn associated with higher CSF levels of tTau and pTau‐231 and to a more pronounced pattern of posterior‐cortical atrophy in specific brain regions closely linked to the cognitive processes affected by Tau.InterpretationOur findings reinforce the association between Tau pathology, cognition, and neurodegeneration in HD, emphasizing the need to explore the role of Tau in the cognitive heterogeneity of the disease.
Sex Differences in Time to Initiate Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs or Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Among Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Shridharmurthy Divya , Lapane Kate L. , Baek Jonggyu , Nunes Anthony P. , Weisman Michael H. , Kay Jonathan , Liu Shao‐Hsien 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveWe evaluated sex differences in time to initiation of receiving nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) among patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsUsing the 2013 to 2018 IBM MarketScan Database, we identified 174,632 patients with axSpA aged ≥18 years. We evaluated the time between axSpA diagnosis and the first prescription NSAID dispensing (among those with no baseline NSAIDs reception) or bDMARDs infusion/procedure claim (among those who were dispensed two or more different prescription NSAIDs in the baseline period). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for time to initiation of patients receiving NSAIDs or bDMARDs were computed using survival analyses. Cox proportional hazard models estimated associations between sex and predictors of treatment initiation.ResultsAverage age at diagnosis was 48.2 years, 65.7% were female, and 37.8% were dispensed one or more NSAIDs before axSpA diagnosis. Of those who did not receive two or more different prescription NSAIDs before diagnosis, NSAID reception was initiated earlier in female patients than in male patients (NSAID reception initiators: female patients (32.9%), male patients (29.3%); aHR 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.16). Among those who received two or more different prescription NSAIDs in the baseline period, 4.2% received a bDMARD, whereas 77.9% continued receiving NSAIDs after diagnosis. Time to bDMARD reception initiation was longer for female patients than for male patients (aHR 0.61, 95% CI 0.52–0.72), but bDMARDs were received sooner among those who received NSAIDs in the baseline period.ConclusionPrescription NSAID reception was more common than initiation of receiving bDMARDs among patients newly diagnosed with axSpA. Female patients appeared more likely to continue receiving NSAIDs after diagnosis, and the time to initiation of receiving bDMARDs was longer for female patients than for male patients.
In Situ Forming Na─Sn Alloy/Na2S Interface Layer for Ultrastable Solid State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Liu Tinghu , Xiang Pan , Li Yunming , Li Zhendong , Sun Huazhang , Yang Jing , Tian Ziqi , Yao Xiayin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe poor interfacial compatibility between sodium superionic conductor (NASICON) electrolyte and metallic sodium anode will lead to severe dendrite penetration, impeding the application of NASICON electrolytes for solid state sodium batteries. Herein, a homogeneous SnS2 coating layer is sputtered on the surface of Na3.4Zn0.1Zr1.9Si2.2P0.8O12 electrolyte to in situ construct a kinetically stable Na─Sn alloy/Na2S interlayer, possessing superior Na affinity, low diffusion barrier, and electronic insulating character to suppress dendrite growth, which is confirmed by experiments and density‐functional theory calculations. Benefiting from the Na─Sn alloy/Na2S interphase, the critical current density of Na3.4Zn0.1Zr1.9Si2.2P0.8O12 increases from 2.4 to 9.4 mA cm−2. In addition, the obtained Na3V2(PO4)3/Na3.4Zn0.1Zr1.9Si2.2P0.8O12@SnS2/Na solid state batteries exhibit a high initial reversible discharge capacity of 115.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 °C with an initial Coulombic efficiency of 93.6%, and a capacity retention rate of 88.1% after 1000 cycles at 1 C.
Point Calculation Detection System Based on In Suit Convolution Transistor for Clinical Diagnosis of Heart Disease
Authors: Cheng Enping , Zhang Xianghong , Wu Jianxin , Chen Hao , Liu Di , Fan Yuyang , Lian Minrui , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrocardiograph signals reflect the current state of the heart and have great significance to the clinical diagnosis of the heart. Convolutional neural networks perform excellently in electrocardiograph pattern recognition. However, CNNs processing ECG signals need to convert them from 1D to 2D, leading to additional circuit and time costs in hardware. Here, a convolution organic transistor (COT) is proposed for monitoring the ECG with CNNs. Based on the surface electric field effect and trap effect, COT can directly process 1D ECG data without complex preprocessing. It can complete the convolution calculation of ECG signals ≈20 000 times per second in theory and reduce the number of devices by 83% compared to conventional arrays. Further, actual ECG signals are measured and input into the COT, which can initially recognize the type of ECG abnormality. Finally, a point calculation detection system is established with 96.2% recognition accuracy in the five‐heartbeat classification task by combining the 1D CNN.
Dual‐gradient Engineering of Urchin‐like Silver@Copper Oxide Heterostructures for Highly Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Gao Meng , Dong Qiujiang , Yao Minjie , Wang Xingkai , Li Jinyang , Zhang Wanxing , Huang He , Guo Hao , Sun Zhaoyong , Chen Qiang , Han Xiaopeng , Hu Wenbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium‐metal anodes with excellent theoretical specific capacities (3680 mAh g−1) have attracted considerable attention for overcoming the capacity bottleneck of conventional graphite anodes. However, they often suffer from uncontrolled dendrite growth and undesirable side reactions, considerably limiting their practical application in lithium‐metal batteries. In this study, urchin‐like silver@copper oxide (Ag@CuO) heterostructures with gradient electrical conductivity and lithiophilicity are prepared using a facile liquid‐phase reduction method. The unique amphiphilic lithium mechanism of the alloying and conversion reactions effectively reduces the nucleation overpotential of the lithium metal anode and promotes a uniform lithium deposition process. Meanwhile, the in situ‐generated Li2O‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film can further induce uniform and reversible lithium plating/stripping. All these characteristics endow the Ag@CuO anode with a high Coulombic efficiency of 98.89%, even after 1200 cycles, and long cycle life of 2800 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2, thus demonstrating that such modified Li metal anodes exhibit superior compatibility with major commercial cathode materials, such as LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM‐811). Hence, this study provides an effective strategy for developing practical lithium metal anodes.
Effective Promotion of the Activity and Stability of Cathodes for Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells
Authors: Gao Hui , He Fan , Zhu Feng , Xia Jiaojiao , Du Zhiwei , Huang Yixuan , Zhu Liangzhu , Chen Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProtonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are emerging as effective devices for their excellent capability of converting energy. However, the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and poor durability of cathodes greatly limit their widespread commercialization. Herein, a multi‐cationic oxide nano‐catalyst with a nominal composition of Pr0.2Ce0.2Ni0.2Co0.2Fe0.2Ox (denoted as PCNCFO) is designed and reported, which significantly enhanced the ORR activity and durability of a typical PrBaCo2O5+δ (PBC) cathode. The PCNCFO‐coated PBC cathode delivered impressive cell performance with a small polarization resistance of only 0.18 Ω cm2 at 600 °C on symmetrical cells and a high peak power density (PPD) of 1.31 W cm−2 at 650 °C on single cells. Meanwhile, the PCNCFO‐coated PBC cathode exhibits excellent operational stability both on symmetrical and single cells. It is indicated that the Ce oxide in the nano‐catalyst coating can react with the segregated Ba to form active species, while others can activate the surface of the cathode, as indicated by the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analyses.
Photostrictive Actuators Based on Freestanding Ferroelectric Membranes
Authors: Ganguly Saptam , Pesquera David , Garcia Daniel Moreno , Saeed Umair , Mirzamohammadi Nona , Santiso José , Padilla Jessica , Roque José Manuel Caicedo , Laulhé Claire , Berenguer Felisa , Villanueva Luis Guillermo , Catalan Gustau 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComplex oxides offer a wide range of functional properties, and recent advances in the fabrication of freestanding membranes of these oxides are adding new mechanical degrees of freedom to this already rich functional ecosystem. Here, photoactuation is demonstrated in freestanding thin film resonators of ferroelectric Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and paraelectric Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3). The free‐standing films, transferred onto perforated supports, act as nano‐drums, oscillating at their natural resonance frequency when illuminated by a frequency‐modulated laser. The light‐induced deflections in the ferroelectric BaTiO3 membranes are two orders of magnitude larger than in the paraelectric SrTiO3 ones. Time‐resolved X‐ray micro‐diffraction under illumination and temperature‐dependent holographic interferometry provide combined evidence for the photostrictive strain in BaTiO3 originating from a partial screening of ferroelectric polarization by photo‐excited carriers, which decreases the tetragonality of the unit cell. These findings showcase the potential of photostrictive freestanding ferroelectric films as wireless actuators operated by light.
High Open‐Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side‐Chain Engineering
Authors: Xu Renjie , Jiang Yuanyuan , Liu Feng , Ran Guangliu , Liu Kerui , Zhang Wenkai , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRestricted by the energy‐gap law, state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) because of large nonradiative energy losses (ΔEnonrad). Moreover, the trade‐off between VOC and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs is more distinctive; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs are still <15% with VOCs of >1.0 V. Herein, the electronic properties and aggregation behaviors of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are carefully considered and then a new NFA (Z19) is delicately designed by simultaneously introducing alkoxy and phenyl‐substituted alkyl chains to the conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits a hypochromatic‐shifted absorption spectrum, high‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19‐based blend film exhibits favorable phase separation with face‐on dominated molecular orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE of 19.2% with a high VOC of 1.002 V, surpassing Y6‐2O‐based devices. The former is the highest PCE reported to date for OSCs with VOCs of >1.0 V. Moreover, the ΔEnonrad of Z19‐ (0.200 eV) and Y6‐2O‐based (0.155 eV) devices are lower than that of Y6‐based (0.239 eV) devices. Indications are that the design of such NFA, considering the energy‐gap law, could promote a new breakthrough in OSCs.
Biocatalytic Regio‐ and Enantiocomplementary Synthesis of Chiral Aryloxazolidinones
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ying , Wang Yuan‐Fei , Fu Hong‐Kang , Wang Hui‐Hui , Chen Yong‐Zheng , Wan Nan‐Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe described the protein engineering of the halohydrin dehalogenase HheG to enhance its R enantioselectivity for the synthesis of chiral 4‐aryloxazolidinones via α‐regioselective ring‐opening of aryl epoxides with cyanate. Additionally, we achieved the inversion of its regioselectivity and enantioselectivity, resulting in a HheG variant tailored for the synthesis of chiral 5‐aryloxazolidinones via β‐regioselective and S‐enantioselective ring‐opening of aryl epoxides with cyanate. Leveraging these engineered mutants, we developed a biocatalytic platform capable of synthesis of both chiral 4‐aryloxazolidinones (up to 47% yield, 98% ee, and 99% regioselectivity) and chiral 5‐aryloxazolidinones (up to 46% yield, >99% ee, and 98% regioselectivity). Furthermore, a collaborative approach utilizing two regio‐ and enantioselective HheG mutants has been demonstrated to enable the simultaneous synthesis of chiral 4‐aryloxazolidinones and chiral 5‐aryloxazolidinones.
Synthesizing Silyl Arylsulfonyl Hydrazones as Silyldiazomethane Precursors and Their Use in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Tsuruda Shuji , Saito Keigo , Matsuzaki Tsuyoshi , Zhou Da‐Yang , Suzuki Takeyuki , Sako Makoto , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Murai Kenichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA method for synthesizing silyl arylsulfonyl hydrazones as silyldiazomethane precursors has been developed. Although silyldiazomethanes are an important class of diazo compounds, their use in intramolecular cyclization reactions has not been fully explored despite the rich chemistry of diazo compounds, particularly metal carbenoid chemistry. The fundamental challenge underlying the absence of such studies is the lack of a method for synthesizing silyldiazomethanes with functional groups that can react with metal carbenoids. The method reported here provides access to variety of silyl arylsulfonyl hydrazones with functional groups such as ethers, carbamates, and alkynes, which can serve as reaction sites for metal carbenoids. A one‐pot hydrazone formation using unstable formylsilane formed in situ is key to a successful synthesis. The use of 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenesulfonohydrazide contributed toward achieving broad generality in hydrazone formation. The synthetic potential of this method was demonstrated through the generation of silyldiazomethane and its transformation to several silacycles.
A Natural Peptide from A Traditional Chinese Medicine Has the Potential to Treat Chronic Atrophic Gastritis by Activating Gastric Stem Cells
Authors: Li Ke , Ma Xiuying , Li Zihao , Liu Ya , Shen Guiyan , Luo Zecheng , Wang Dong , Xia Li , Wang Zhengting , Tian Ming , Liu Huijuan , Geng Funeng , Li Baojie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic atrophic gastritis (AG) is initiated mainly by Helicobacter pylori infection, which may progress to stomach cancer following the Correa's cascade. The current treatment regimen is H. pylori eradication, yet evidence is lacking that this treatment is effective on later stages of AG especially gastric gland atrophy. Here, using AG mouse model, patient samples, gastric organoids, and lineage tracing, this study unraveled gastric stem cell (GSC) defect as a crucial pathogenic factor in AG in mouse and human. Moreover, a natural peptide is isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine that activated GSCs to regenerate gastric epithelia in experimental AG models and revitalized the atrophic gastric organoids derived from patients. It is further shown that the peptide exerts its functions by stabilizing the EGF‐EGFR complex and specifically activating the downstream ERK and Stat1 signaling. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of AG pathogenesis and open a new avenue for AG treatment.
Indium Nitride Nanowires: Low Redox Potential Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Tianqi , Zhou Yurong , Wang Zhongchang , Cunha Joao , Alves Cristiana , Ferreira Paulo , Hou Zhaohui , Yin Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdvanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are crucial to portable devices and electric vehicles. However, it is still challenging to further develop the current anodic materials such as graphite due to the intrinsic limited capacity and sluggish Li‐ion diffusion. Indium nitride (InN), which is a new type of anodic material with low redox potential (<0.7 V vs Li/Li+) and narrow bandgap (0.69 eV), may serve as a new high‐energy density anode material for LIBs. Here, the growth of 1D single crystalline InN nanowires is reported on Au‐decorated carbon fibers (InN/Au‐CFs) via chemical vapor deposition, possessing a high aspect ratio of 400. The binder‐free Au‐CFs with high conductivity can provide abundant sites and enhance binding force for the dense growth of InN nanowires, displaying shortened Li ion diffusion paths, high structural stability, and fast Li+ kinetics. The InN/Au‐CFs can offer stable and high‐rate Li delithiation/lithiation without Li deposition, and achieve a remarkable capacity of 632.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 450 cycles and 416 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 30 A g−1. The InN nanowires as battery anodes shall hold substantial promise for fulfilling superior long‐term cycling performance and high‐rate capability for advanced LIBs.
UV‐Triggered Hydrogel Coating of the Double Network Polyelectrolytes for Enhanced Endothelialization
Authors: Wang Xing‐wang , Yin Yi‐jing , Wang Jing , Yu Hong‐mei , Tang Qian , Chen Zhao‐yang , Fu Guo‐sheng , Ren Ke‐feng , Ji Jian , Yu Lu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe left atrial appendage (LAA) occluder is an important medical device for closing the LAA and preventing stroke. The device‐related thrombus (DRT) prevents the implantation of the occluder in exerting the desired therapeutic effect, which is primarily caused by the delayed endothelialization of the occluder. Functional coatings are an effective strategy for accelerating the endothelialization of occluders. However, the occluder surface area is particularly large and structurally complex, and the device is subjected to a large shear friction in the sheath during implantation, which poses a significant challenge to the coating. Herein, a hydrogel coating by the in situ UV‐triggered polymerization of double‐network polyelectrolytes is reported. The findings reveal that the double network and electrostatic interactions between the networks resulted in excellent mechanical properties of the hydrogel coating. The sulfonate and Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) groups in the coating promoted hemocompatibility and endothelial growth of the occluder, respectively. The coating significantly accelerated the endothelialization of the LAA occluder in a canine model is further demonstrated. This study has potential clinical benefits in reducing both the incidence of DRT and the postoperative anticoagulant course for LAA closure.
Modernizing smallholder agriculture and achieving food security: An exploration in machinery services and labor reallocation in China
Authors: Zou Baoling , Mishra Ashok K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study discusses the modernization of smallholder agriculture in China, where most farms are small, and farms' parcels are fragmented. The study puts forward a framework of agricultural modernization by vertical division of labor and specialized production in agriculture. We posit that hiring machinery services could be a pathway to connect smallholders with modern agriculture and achieve food security in China. Using household‐level data from China, this study examines how hiring machinery services affects farm productivity and rural households' welfare. Findings show that mechanization services increased rural Chinese families' food security and agricultural productivity. Hiring machinery services improves smallholders' income by influencing the input efficiency of maize production and increasing participation in off‐farm work. Our findings highlight the importance of technology to improve smallholder agriculture and food security, not only in China but also in other South and Southeast Asian countries.
Experiment and microscopic analysis for the separation of isopropanol‐water using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Ruan Jiuxu , Wang Yu , Su Zihao , Fan Dingchao , Zhou Mengjin , Zhang Zeyu , Qi Jianguang , Wang Yinglong , Cui Peizhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a method for separating isopropanol from wastewater using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) synthesized from terpenes and capric acid was proposed. The distribution coefficient and selectivity value of isopropanol (IPA) in the solvents were determined by liquid–liquid extraction experiments, and the extraction performances of the solvents at different molar ratios and temperatures were studied. From the perspective of molecular dynamics simulations, the experimental results were verified by mechanism analysis, the contribution of hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) to the selective separation of isopropanol was explained. The interaction energies, radial distribution functions, normal density distribution, and mean square deviations between the atoms were used to analyze the interactions between the components of the DESs and IPA/water. It was observed that the DESs have a good extraction effect on IPA, which verifies the good application prospects of DESs in wastewater solutions containing alcohol compounds.