bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Antifungal Properties of Essential Oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague
Authors: Tripathi S. C. , Singh S. P. , Dube S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe essential oil from the fruits of Trachyspermum ammi exhibited toxicity at 800 ppm against Aspergillus flavus and A. niger, the nature of toxicity being cidal. The toxicity of the oil was not affected by autoclaving, temperature treatment and storage upto 365 days. The oil killed the test fungi within 50 seconds; withstood heavy inoculum density and was inhibitory to as many as 21 fungi at its minimum inhibitory concentration. However the seeds of Arachis hypogea whentreated with oil at 5000 ppm and stored for 12 months did not show the appearance of any fungi indicating thereby the grain protectant activity of the oil. The oil was characterized by various physico chemical properties and on chemical investigation Thymol and p‐cymene were isolated as antifungal principles of the oil exhibiting toxicity against the test fungi at 1000 ppm.
Postinfectional Changes of Lipid Metabolism in Potato Tuber Resistant and Susceptible to Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Floryszak‐Wieczorek J. , Stroiński A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effect of Phytophthora infestans on the lipid content and composition as well as lipid acyl hydrolase activity in the potato tuber of two cultivars, Nysa – horizontal resistant and Bintje –susceptible were investigated.In the susceptible cultivar the infection resulted in: a qualitative changes in aminolipids, an increase in steroid content, an inconsiderable decrease in amount of glycolipids and a slight drop in FFA, no significant changes in composition of total, FA and slight loss in acyl hydrolase activity.The following changes were observed in the resistant cultivar: a considerable enhancement of steroid content (reached in about 400 %), a slight increase in amount of glycolipid, a rapid drop of acyl hydrolase activity and FFA content and a considerable increase in oleic acid level in total FA.In the response to both infection and aging in both cultivars no significant quantitative changes in lipid‐phosphorus and sulfolipids were noted.
Identification of Acetobacter liquefaciens as Causal Agent of Pink‐Disease of Pineapple Fruit
Authors: Gosselé F. , Swings J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTwo bacterial strains causing pink‐disease of pineapple were identified as Acetobacter liquefaciens and compared with 8 other Acetobacter liquefaciens, 10 Gluconobacter oxydans and 7 Frateuria aurantia strains. The similarieties and differences between these bacteria are discussed.
Systemic Migration and Establishment of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni in Plum Leaves and Twigs
Authors: du Plessis H. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe systemic migration of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni (Xcp) through vascular bundles of leaves and twigs of plum was investigated. A rifampicin‐resistant strain of Xcp was inoculated into leaves located midway from the tip of new green twigs of Golden King plum trees in a glasshouse. High numbers of the pathogen were recovered 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation from sections of uninoculated and symptomless veins, petioles, and twig tissue. Symptoms of bacterial spot developedwithin 8 weeks on main and secondary veins of uninoculated leaves located as far as 13 cm from the inoculated leaf on the same twig. Weekly isolation indicated the constant presence of Xcp in apparently unaffected shields of twig tissue obtained from a naturally infected Golden King orchard. Xcp apparently enters plum twigs through veins of infected leaves and migrates systemically through twigs to leaves.
Inhibition of Seed Germination and Root Development Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in Pepper and Tomato
Authors: Yoav Bashan  
Published: May 2008

AbstractInoculation of pepper seeds with the leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria inhibited pepper germination. The inhibitory effect, which was stronger in non‐sterilized light textured soils, decreased with time, and after 20, days or more, there was no difference between inoculated and non‐inoculated seeds. Inhibitory substance(s) within the cytoplasmatic fraction of pathogen cells inhibited the germination of non‐host tomato seeds. No relationship between pathogenicity to pepper leaves and inhibition of pepper seed germination was detected. The inhibitory substance(s) was found in two out of four X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strains. Heat‐killed bacteria suppressed growth of pepper but not tomato seedlings. It is, therefore, suggested that the inhibition of seed germination and the decrease in root development are different modes of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria pathogenesis toward pepper plants.
Presence of Plant Viruses in some Rivers of Southern Italy
Authors: Piazzolla P. , Castellano M. A. , De Stradis A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWater samples were collected from some rivers of Southern Italy whose water is normally used for irrigation and checked for the presence of plant viruses. The assayes were carried out by centrifuging at 5000x g one liter of water, resuspending the sediments in phosphate buffer and testing their infectivities on Chenopodium quinoa Willd. It was possible to isolate tobacco mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and two more viruses not identified yet.
Possible Involvement of Lipoxygenase in the Mechanism of Resistance of Oats to Puccinia coronat avenae
Authors: Yamamoto H. , Tani T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPossible participation of the peroxidation system in the cultivar‐race specificity was studied for the oat‐crown rust system. The levels of lipid peroxidation and total lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were extensively increased in leaves of cv. Shokan l responding with resistance to race 226. One anionic and one cationic LOX isozyme was detected in the extract of Shokan 1 leaves inoculated with race 226. In addition, three anionic and one cationic isozymes were consistently found in the extract of uninoculated and compatible race 203‐inoculated leaves. The blockage experiments with race 226‐inoculated leaves using RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors indicated that the two LOX isozymes characteristic of the incompatible combination are de novo synthesized and their activity is causally linked to the resistance expression. Production of the two isozymes was also demonstrated in the five resistant Pc oat lines, but not in the two susceptible Pc lines.
Isolation and Identification of Eutypa lata from Pistacia vera in Greece
Authors: Rumbos Ioannis C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe fungus Eutypa lata (syn. E. armeniacae), known as the causal agent of the death of many different woody plants, was found on dead branches of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Greece. Isolations from diseased branches yielded consistently typical colonies of the asexual stage of the fungus (Libertella blepharis, syn. Cytosporina sp.), which proved to be undistinguishable from other cultures of the pathogen obtained from 15 different hosts. Furthermore, all isolates from pistachio tested for pathogenicity on apricot were pathogenic and yielded characteristic cankers.
Protein‐Lipopolysaccharide Complexes Produced by Virulent and Non‐Virulent Isolates of Verticillium albo‐atrum and V. dahliae are Non‐Specific Toxins to Tomato and Potato
Authors: Harling R. , Scheffer R. J. , Elgersma D. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractToxic protein‐lipopolysaccharide complexes (PLPC) were isolated from culture filtrates of Verticillium albo‐atrum (isolate WCS 800) and V. dahliae (WCS 070) isolates, both virulent to tomato and potato cultivars, and from an isolate of,V. albo‐atrum (V22W) which was non‐virulent to these hosts. The virulent isolates each produced one major PLPC in culture and the non‐virulent isolate produced two (fractions 1 and 2, characterized by their elution pattern after gel filtration). Virulence in these three isolates was not related to quantity of PLPC produced in culture. However, PLPC from the virulent isolates were toxic to tomato in a leaf bioassay at 4μg ml‐1 (WCS 800) and 20μg ml‐1 (WCS 070) but the two PL, PC from the non‐virulent isolate required concentrations of 100 and 1000 μg ml‐1 for toxicity. Production of a modified, less toxic PLPC in V22W may partly account for its non‐virulence.Gel filtration of PLPC from the three isolates on a calibrated Sephacryl S‐400 column, eluted in phosphate buffer plus NaCl, indicated a compound of heterogeneous molecular mass with an average of 126,000 daltons for the PLPC of WCS 800, WCS 070 and, fraction 1 of V22W, and 25,000 daltons for fraction 2 of V22W. Attempts to extract a low molecular weight toxin from the PLPC by extended dialysis were unsuccessful.The susceptibility of 12 tomato and 19 potato cultivars to the Verticillium isolates was compared with their sensitivity to PLPC. Susceptibility was not correlated with toxin sensitivity and the PLPC were concluded to be non‐specific toxins in these hosts.
In vivo‐Untersuchungen zur Entstehung und Funktion der Chlamydosporen von Botrytis cinerea Pers. am Wirt‐Parasit‐System Fuchsia hybrida – B. cinerea
Authors: Urbasch I. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
In vivo‐investigations on the formation and function of chlamydospores of Botrytis cinerea Pers. in the host‐parasite‐system Fuchsia hybrida–B. cinerea On naturally with Botrytis cinerea Pers. infected and artificially inoculated outdoor‐ and greenhouse‐plants of Fuchsia hybrida the extra‐ and intramatrical formation of the B. cinerea‐ chlamydospores was investigated.The chlamydospores served 1. as structures of survival, which were tested with regard to their tolerance of drought, nutrient‐ and oxygen‐deficiency, attack by bacteria and pH‐requirements. 2. The chlamydospores represented dispersal units, which were capable of germination. 3. The chlamydospores could function as structures of infection, because after chlamydospore germination the outgrowing mycelium – either directly or after production of macroconidia – could serve as secondary inoculum and start new infections.
The Purification and Characterization of Gemini Particles from Abutilon Mosaic Virus Infected Malvaceae
Authors: Abouzid A. , Jeske H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGemini particles were purified from Abutilon Mosaic Virus infected Abutilon sellovianum, Sida micrantha and Malva parviflora. They sediment with 82 S, possess a density of 1.30 g/cm3 in Cs2SO4 and a nucleic acid percentage of 18 % calculated from ultra‐violett spectrometry. Their proteins are separated in SDS‐PAGE into two components of 28 000 and 27 000 mol. wt. Their nucleic acid consists of single‐stranded circular DNA with length distribution maxima of 2 800, 2 500 and 1 300 bases for the circular molecules and 2 050, 1 850, and 1 300 bases for the correspondmg linear molecules.
Pyrenophora graminea on Winter Barley Seed: Effect on Disease Incidence and Yield Losses
Authors: Porta‐Puglia A. , Delogu G. , Vannacci G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractField experiments were carried out in 1982–83 and 1983–84 in Northern and Central Italy (3 locations) in order to investigate the effect of different levels of seed infection of Pyrenophora graminea on disease incidence and yield losses in ‘Perga’ winter barley.Six levels of natural seed infection, assessed by the deep‐freezing blotter method have been compared in 8 row‐plots, 7.5 m long, arranged in randomized blocks with 4 replications.The percentage of infected plants and tillers has been recorded in all locations and the yield in two of them.A highly significant correlation was found between seed infection, plant infection, tiller infection and yield reduction. Major ratios found were: infected seeds/infected seedlings 1: 0.4, infected tillers/yield loss 1: 0.9, infected seeds/yield loss 1: 0.3.The threshold of seed infection at which production was not significantly different from the healthy control was 14%. Therefore seed treatment is advisable, under the conditions of Northern and Central Italy, when the percentage of seed infection in commercial seed lots is above this level. A tolerance near zero is recommended in prebasic and basic seeds.
Characterization of Further Erwinia amylovora Strains and the Application of the API 20E System in Diagnosis
Authors: Vantomme R. , Rijckaert C. , Swings J. , Ley J. de 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe former phenotypic study of Erwinia amylovora (VANTOMME et al. 1982) was extended with a collection of 54 Erwinia amylovora strains from a broad plant and geographic origin. From the 85 phenotypic features studied, 72 (85%) were present in at least 90% of the strains. Only 49 (58%) of the features were shared by all strains. Thirty‐eight strains were also examined by the API 20E system. The API 20E code numbers for E. amylovora are unique and, combined with an immature, (green) pear test, may be used for an accurate identification of Erwinia amylovora.
Factors Affecting the Germination of Septoria nodorum Pycnidiospores
Authors: Brennan R. M. , Fitt B. D. L. , Colhoun J. , Taylor G. S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMost pycnidiospores of Septoria nodorum were released from pycnidia into water in 30 min, more than 50% being released in 10 min. The viability of pycnidiospores in aqueous suspension, assessed by germination on a selective agar medium, decreased more rapidly in daylight than in darkness but no spores germinated after 50 h. The presence of cirrhus extract stimulated germination of pycnidiospores in suspension.
Dynamics of Free Pisatin Elicitor Accumulation in Infection‐droplets of Monilinia fructicola on Pea Endocarp*
Authors: Smith M. M. , Cruickshank I. A. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRapid elicitor accumulation in the infection‐droplet of the pea‐M. fructicola interaction began between 2 and 3 h after inoculation. Rapid accumulation of pisatin began between 2 and 3 h, however, low levels (0.06–0.1 μg/ml) were detected in the infection‐droplet as early as 1–2 h following inoculation with the fungus. The pisatin concentration reached levels inhibitory to the fungus between 6 and 12 h (ca. 1–5 μg/ml) and the ED50 value of 10 μg pisatin/ml for mycelial growth of M. fructicola was attained after 14 h.Elicitor activity in infection‐droplets after 4 and 18 h was a function of inoculum concentration and pisatin accumulation in diffusate after 40 h was a function of elicitor concentration (linear doseresponse curve). However, when elicitor was applied at zero time, the rate of pisatin accumulation over the first 12 h was indistinguishable from that which occurred when M. fructicola conidia were applied to the endocarp and elicitor accumulated with time. The initial rate of pisatin accumulation therefore appears to be dependent on the pea pod and independent of any time delays associated with conidial germination and elicitor accumulation. However, the final pisatin concentration which accumulated in the infection‐droplet was dependent on the, dose' of elicitor irrespective of the nature and timing of the elicitor treatment.The presence of elicitor activity was demonstrated in the interaction in space and time where and when these molecules could function as elicitors of pisatin in vivo.
Une phytotoxine de Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum
Authors: Ducourneau C. , Auriol P. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract A phytotoxin from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum II. Production in vivo A phytotoxin produced in vitro by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vasculorum has also been detected in infected susceptible host tissues. The toxin shows a strong affinity to a plant cellular fraction leading, in vivo, to a complex the involvement of which in the disease development is discussed.
Mycoplasmalike Organisms (MLOs) Associated With the Witches' Broom Disease of Poplar
Authors: Sharma Ajay Kumar , Cousin Marie‐Thérèse 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe witches' broom disease has been recently observed on poplars in Paris and its suburbs. The incidence of the disease appeared to be considerably high along main roads. The electron microscopic examination of 350 nm thick sieve tube sections revealed the presence of wall‐less mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) in diseased samples of Populus alba var. nivea Wesm. They could not be found in their healthy counterparts.
Cellulolytic and Pectolytic Activity of Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zins.) Scholt. Isolates Pathogenic and Non‐Pathogenic to Fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)*
Authors: Dahm H. , Strzelczyk E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn studies on cellulolytic and pectolytic activity of C. destructans, it was found that only one of the twenty isolates studied exhibited cellulolytic activity. The total activity of this isolate was similar in media with CMC and powdered cellulose. The specific activity was, however, two times higher with powdered cellulose.All isolates identified as pathogenic to fir and to pine produced pectolytic enzymes. Not all of them, however, exhibited exo‐ and endo‐PMG activity. In general, an increase of total activity of exo‐PMG was accompanied by an increase in the specific, activity. Of the non‐pathogenic isolates, only one did not show pectolytic activity.The results of our studies have revealed that there exist no significant differences in pectolytic activity between the isolates pathogenic and non‐pathogenic to fir and pine. Also, the isolates belonging to both groups were not cellulolytic except one non‐pathogenic.
Hemmung von Pflanzenviren durch Membranlipidanaloga unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Alkanmonosulfonaten
Authors: Schuster G. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Inhibition of plant viruses by membrane lipid analogs under special regard of alkane monosulfonates Under investigation was the inhibition of plant viruses by compounds, which could be comprehended as membrane lipid analogs because of some structural similarities to these lipids. Among these analogs, alkane monosulfonates (AMS, preparation “Emulgator E 30”) exhibit distinctly marked antiphytoviral activities, which are reported in detail. The mentioned AMS reduced the concentrations of PVX (potato virus X) as well as of TMV (tobacco mosaic virus) markedly in inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘Samsun’ and remarkably in secondarily infected ones. The formation of local lesions on leaves of hypersensitive hosts is influenced strongly by AMS. Likewise, the activity of the free virion is reduced in vitro. The mentioned effectsproved dependent on the length of the alkane chains and the concentration of AMS. Innertherapeutical effects of AMS have been pointed out. Several substances proved excellent coergists of AMS and vice versa, above all DHT (2,4‐dioxohexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine), several guanidines, a thiourea compound, a thiadiazole compound and ribavirin. In part full synergistic effects were obtained. AMS as well as combinations of AMS with some of the mentioned coergists also influence potato viroses. Using so‐called identical potato eye cuttings, it was demonstrated that the mentioned treatments resulted in a significant and in part considerable reduction of the number of potato eye cutting plants with virus symptoms and in a partially high increase in the weight of tubers formed by the eye cutting plants. Likewise, the number of plants with virus symptoms was reduced and the tuber mass was increased by newly developed granulated AMS. A combined treatment with granulated AMS and granulated DHT resulted in a strong reduction of the number of potato eye cutting plants with virus symptoms, but the tuber mass was not augmented.
Differentiation between Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis (ISPP List 1980), pv. phleipratensis (ISPP List 1980) emend., pv. poae Egli and Schmidt 1982 and pv. arrhenatheri Egli and Schmidt 1982, by Numerical Analysis of Phenotypic Features and Protein Gel Electrophoregrams
Authors: Van den Mooter M. , Steenackers M. , Maertens C. , Gosselé F. , De Vos P. , Swings J. , Kersters K. , De Ley J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA numerical analysis of 257 phenotypic features of 45 bacterial isolates from grasses, revealed three phenons corresponding to (i) X. campestris pv. graminis (ISPP List 1980), (ii) X. campestris pv. phleipratensis (ISPP List 1980) and (iii) X. campestris pv. poae Egli and Schmidt 1982 and X. campestris pv. arrhenatheri Egli and Schmidt 1982. In each phenon, the strains clustered together regardless of the geographical origin of the isolates orthe year of isolation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins and host range studies, revealed four groups corresponding to the pathovars mentioned above. The four pathovars constitute definite biological entities that can be differentiated by phenotypic, gel electrophoretic and host range features.
Effect of Macrophomina phaseolina Infection on the Physico‐Chemical Components of Groundnut Seed
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Bhowmik T. P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractVarious aspects of groundnut seed deterioration due to M. phaseolina infection were studied. Fungal infection caused both quantitative and qualitative damage to the seed. It resulted in characteristic discoloration of pod and kernel. There was marked reduction in the pod and kernel yield, shelling percentage and oil content. The oil extracted from healthy kernels was barium yellow, whereas, oil from diseased kernels was amber yellow in color. The diseased kernels contained lesser amounts ofstearic and behenic acids but higher quantities of palmitic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic acids. Four fatty acids, namely, lauric, myristic, palmitoleic and eicosenoic acids were absent in diseased kernels.
Growth and Nitrogen Fixation Activity of Soybeans in the Presence of Bean Pod Mottle Virus
Authors: Orellana (ret.) R. G. , Reynolds S. L. , van Berkum P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPathological and physiological responses associated with the host‐microsymbiont interaction of soybeans (Glycine max‘Franklin’, ‘Dyer’, ‘Centennial’, ‘Marshall’, ‘Williams’, ‘Bedford’, and ‘Peking’), which were nodulated with Rhizobium japonicum (USDA strain 3I1b‐110) and inoculated with bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in the greenhouse, varied with the cultivar and the substrate in which the plants were grown. In plants grown in a soil mixture, the virus significantly reduced canopy growth, nodulation, total N, and ureide‐N content of most cultivars but symbiotic N2 fixation was significantly reduced only for ‘Centennial’ and ‘Peking’. In vermiculite, in which the plants depended almost exclusively on symbiotically fixed N,2, the virus reduced canopy and nodule mass of some cultivars but these reductions were significant only for ‘Franklin’. In plants grown in this substrate, however, the virus had little effect as increases or decreases in measured components of symbiotic N metabolism were nonsignificant except for the increase in leaf ureides in ‘Marshall’. Results suggest that in either soil or vermiculite the symbiotic process in certain soybean cultivars can function at nearly a normal level despite root noduleinfection with this virus.
Further Studies on a Tomato Black Ring Virus Isolate from Artichoke
Authors: Rana G. L. , Franco A. Di , Piazzolla P. , Migliori A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn isolate of tomato black ring virus from artichoke (TBRV‐A) was compared biologically, physico‐chemically and serologically with three strains of the virus, i.e. TBRV‐potato bouquet (TBRV‐BU), TBRV‐beet ringspot (TBRV‐W), and TBRV‐celery yellow vein (TBRV‐Ce).Cytopathic effects of TBRV‐A infection in C. quinoa and its relationships with two strains of artichoke Italian latent virus (AILV‐S and AILV‐G) were also investigated. Physical properties in vitro, sedimentation coefficients and molecular weight of protein subunits and nucleic acid species of TBRV‐A were very similar to those known for TBRV. In serological tests, TBRV‐A appeared more closely related to TBRV‐W (SDI = 1) than to TBRV‐Ce and TBRV‐BU (SDI = 2–3). Finally, TBRV‐A was very, distantly related to AILV‐S and AILV‐G (SDI = 11–12).