bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beiträge zur Psychophysik des Süßgeschmacks 6. Mitt. Bezugssystembildung durch Reizsequenzen im Unterschiedsschwellenbereich
Authors: Hoppe K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn multiplen Versuchsanlagen zur Bestimmung von Differenzierungswahrscheinlichkeiten ist die Reizsequenzverteilung eine erhebliche Störgröße. Zur Bestimmung ihrer Wirksamkeit wurden Sequenzen mit 5 äquidistanten Saccharosekonzentrationen eingesetzt, die successiv simultan mit einer Basiskonzentration verglichen wurden. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für jede Abstufung wurde in 2‐AFC (Two‐Alternative Forced Choice)‐Technik mit je 60 paarweisen Vergleichen gesichert. In einem faktorisierten Versuchsplan wurden 5 Sequenzabstufungen bei 3 Basiskonzentrationen mit jeweils fester mittlerer Differenz untersucht. Die Häufigkeit des richtigen Urteils ist näherungsweise linear von der Reizsequenz abhängig. Der Anstieg dieser Beziehung fällt mit steigender Abstufungsgröße im Untersuchungsbereich hyperbolisch ab. Die Höhe des Basisreizes ist ohne Bedeutung. Bei der Bestimmung von Unterschiedsschwellen müssen diese Bezugssystemeffekte als eine wesentliche Fehlerursache berücksichtigt werden.
Changes in pH and some biological activities of extractable proteins during malting process of wheat grain
Authors: Warchalewski J. R. , Stasinska B. , Madaj D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dynamics of changes in extractable protein content, total α‐ and β‐amylolytic activity, α‐amylolytic activity, anti‐α‐amylolytic and antitryptic activities as well as of pH values during malting process of selected wheat grain variety were studied. The effect of the microflora on the native amylases and their inhibitors were accounted for by microbiological evaluation of wheat grain and malted wheat. After steeping at 72 h the pH of water extracts of wheat grain decreased from 6.4 to 6.0 in samples germinated with gibberellic acid (GA3), and to 6.1 in samples germinated without GA3 added. Further decrease of pH up to 5.8 was noted during germination in the case of GA3 added. On the other hand the increase of native α‐amylolytic activity and activities of endogenous inhibitors within the first 72 h (steeping) of malting process of wheat grain with and without GA3 added were hightly correlated. Rapid increase of wheat grain extractable proteins were started 24 h later. Physiological importance of these findings was discussed.
Plasma fatty acid profile and prooxidative‐antioxidative parameters in vegetarians
Authors: Krajčovičová‐Kudláčková M. , Šimončič R. , Béderová A. , Klvanová J. , Babinska K. , Grančičová E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFatty acid profile in plasma was examined in 12 adult vegetarians (lacto and lacto‐ovo) aged 41‐63 years with an average period of vegetarian nutrition of 9.8 years. Difference in the content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in vegetarians was insignificant (compared to non‐vegetarians). Positive factor of vegetarian nutritional habit with respect to atherosclerosis included significantly elevated content of linoleic acid (C 18:2) and linolenic acid (C 18:3), as well as unchanged or only slightly reduced content of polyunsaturated fatty acids ‐ arachidonic acid (C 20:4) and docosahexaenoic acid (C 22:6, n = 3). Favourable values of prooxidative‐antioxidative parameters (significantly reduced content of conjugated dienes of fatty acids in plasma, significantly higher plasma levels of vitamin C, β‐carotene, vitamin E/cholesterol ‐ indicator of LDL protection and vitamin E/triacylglycerols ‐ indicator of fatty acid protection) demonstrated a reduced risk of lipoperoxidation in vegetarians.
Some aspects of reactions of benzyl isothiocyanate with bovine sarcoplasmic proteins
Authors: Rawel H. M. , Kroll J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBenzyl‐ITC (benzyl isothiocyanate) reacts preferentially with amino groups and sulfhydryl side chains of bovine sarcoplasmic proteins to form thiourea and dithiocarbamate derivatives, generally resulting in a decrease in solubility of the derivatives along a wide pH range. Under these conditions, it was also possible to show that secondary amine side chains, as found in tryptophan. also react with benzyl‐ITC. A quenching of tryptophan fluorescence intensity after interaction with benzyl‐ITC was also observed. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) experiments in the presence of urea indicated changes in electrophoretical mobility and in composition of subfractions. Changes in surface hydrophobicity and composition as determined by the ANS (8‐anilinonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonate) methode and RP‐HPLC were also observed. Polymerisation of protein molecules after reaction with benzyl‐ITC was documented using the SDS‐PAGE technique. These investigations showed that a group of subfractions belonging mainly to glycolytic enzymes and associated proteins with molecular weight between 38 – 70 kDa was highly reactive.
Biomass and hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes production by fungal growth on wheat milling by‐products
Authors: Quaglia G. B. , Di Lena Gabriella 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWheat bran and shorts, by‐products of the milling process, were submitted to bioconversion by the white‐rot Basidiomycete Lentinus edodes. The extracellular polyphenol oxidase, endo‐cellulase and phytase productions by the mycelium growing in a solid‐state condition on the two substrates were studied. The best results in terms of polyphenol oxidase and endo‐cellulase activity yields were obtained in shorts cultures, while no relevant difference was noticed between the two substrates for phytase production. The in vitro dry matter enzyme digestibility (IVDMED) and total nitrogen gain of the substrates during biotransformation were also evaluated. Besides an increment in total nitrogen, the IVDMED of both substrates appeared to be reduced by the biotreatment.
Charakterisierung pankreatischer Casein‐Plasteine
Authors: Lorenzen P. Chr. , Schieber A. , Brückner H. , Schlimme E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIm Verlauf der Plasteinreaktion konzentrieren sich hydrophobe Peptide überwiegend in den Aggregaten (Plasteinen), während hydrophile Peptide in Lösung (Überstand) verbleiben. Liquidchromatographische und sequenzanalytische Untersuchungen der pankreatischen Casein‐Plasteine haben ergeben, daß die Aggregate überwiegend aus den freien Aminosäuren Tyrosin, Phenylalanin und Tryptophan bestehen. Darüber hinaus enthalten die Plasteine kurzkettige Peptide insbesondere vom C‐terminalen Ende des β‐Caseins. Die Charakterisierung der funktionellen Eigenschaften der Plasteine hat deutlich gemacht, daß die Aggregation der kurzkettigen Peptide und freien Aminosäuren auf nicht‐kovalenten, hydrophoben und ionogenen Wechselwirkungen beruht. In den Überständen aus der Plasteinreaktion konnten Caseinophosphopeptidsequenzen insbesondere aus αs‐Casein bestimmt werden.
Effect of whey fermentation on the HCI‐extractability of calcium, iron and phosphorus in various rice‐bengalgram dhal blends
Authors: Sharma A. , Khetarpaul N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRice and bengalgram dhal were mixed in three different proportions, i.e., 60:40, 70:30 and 80:20 (w/w), and to 100 g of the developed blend, about 105 ml whey (a nutritious by‐product of the cheese industry) was added. Fermentation of the cereal‐legume‐whey blends at 35°C for 18 h did not change their total mineral content significantly (P < 0.05) but the HCI‐extractability of calcium and iron was enhanced considerably after whey incorporation and fermentation. Phytate phosphorus decreased, and non‐phytate phosphorus increased significantly in the various rice‐bengalgram dhal blends fermented with whey. Higher HCI‐extractability of calcium, iron and phosphorus may be ascribed partly to the decrease in phytic acid content.
Wheat flour starch granule‐size distribution and rheological properties of dough. Part 3. Amylographic measurements
Authors: Šebečić Bl. , Šebečić B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo examine the influence of granulometric composition of wheat flour starch to gelatinization properties of flour under the conditions of amylographic measurements, the content of starch fractions i.e. the granulometrical and statistical parameters of granule‐size distribution determined in previous work (Šebečić and Šebečić, 1995, Part 1), were correlated with maximum viscosity values (MV) of amylograms run on Brabender amylograph at pH of full enzyme inactivation (2.95) and constant starch concentration in suspensions (6.5%) as well as with the characteristic of wheat flour, af, suggested as a numerical presentation of physicochemical properties of starch in flour under the conditions of amylographic measurements (Šebečć, 1989). Data show that small granules produced higher MV and af values (r = 0.644 and r = 0.628; 0.05 ≥ P ≥ 0.01), while larger granules decreased MV and af (r = −0.526 to r = −0.676; 0.10 ≥ P ≥ 0.01). Significant correlation of some granulometrical i.e. statistical parameters of granule‐size distribution with MV and af (0.10 ≥ P ≥ 0.01) suggests that granule‐size distribution can affect gelatinization properties of wheat flour under the conditions of amylographic measurements.
Hypoglycemic effect and protein nutritive quality of soy and methionine‐supplemented whole durum pasta products
Authors: Taha S. A. , Wasif M. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNew low cost, high‐protein and high‐fiber pasta products processed from whole durum meal (WD) solely. WD supplemented with 7% or 12% defatted soy flour (SF). or 12% SF plus 0.3% methionine were evaluated in comparison with the regular pasta made of pure durum semolina (DS). Their protein nutritive quality was biologically evaluated by rat growth studies using diets containing 9% protein, through the parameters: food efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), net protein utilization (NPU), digestibility coefficient (DC) and biological value (BV). The original products were administered to diabetic hypercholesterolemic albino rats. (injected with alloxane) to study their effects on the levels of blood glucose and plasma lipid fractions. The results indicate that diets based on pasta made of WD supplemented with SE or SF plus methionine had superior protein quality and succeeded in supporting normal growth of rats in contrast to the diets based on pasta made of unsupplemented WD or DS. These assays demonstrated that the values of FER, PER. NPU and BV of WD‐pasta increased with increasing SF supplementation. However, high‐fiber pasta made of unrefined WD solely or with SF had lower DC values compared to that of the regular DS‐pasta. DC values decreased as the added SF increased. Adding methionine evidently affected FER. PER, BV and NPU values. Administration of high‐protein and high‐fiber pasta samples made of WD solely, supplemented with SF or SF plus methionine significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose as well as plasma cholesterol and plasma lipid fractions in hypercholesterolemic diabetic rats. Overall, considering nutritional evaluation, protein cost as well as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects the pasta composed of 12% SF‐WD and supplemented with 0.3% methionine represented the best high‐fiber: high‐protein and high‐quality product.
Sterigmatocystin: Incidence, fate and production by Aspergillus versicolor in Ras cheese
Authors: Abd Alla E. A. M. , Metwally M. M. , Mehriz A. M. , Abu Sree Y. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe occurrence, distribution, and stability of sterigmatocystin (STG) in Ras cheese were investigated. An incidence value for STG in market samples of Ras cheese was 35% with a mean value of 22.2 μg/kg. In experimental Ras cheese from milk contaminated with STG, 80% of the toxin was retained in the curd while 20% was found in the whey. The temperature for cheese ripening affected the toxin content. At 6 °C the toxin concentration was hardly affected, but at 20 °C the concentration was reduced by 16% after 90 days. In Ras cheese contaminated with spores of Aspergillus versicolor, toxin production started after 45 days of the ripening, reached a maximum after 90 days, and declined thereafter. Cow's milk favoured toxin formation in comparison with buffaloe's milk. Aged cheese (more than 6 months) inhibited toxin production.
Production of iron‐fortified bread employing some selected natural iron sources
Authors: Bakr A. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIron fortification of wheat breads is the optimal approach for reducing the high prevalence of iron deficiency in wheat‐eating developing countries as in Egypt. The effectiveness of some natural iron‐fortificants for potential use in Egyptian bread was tested. Defatted soybean flour, soybean flour, soybean hull flour, molasses and fenugreek flour at different levels besides FeSO4 · 7H2O as standard were separately incorporated in the wheat flour dough. Dough characteristics were studied using a Brabender Farinograph, where addition of such fortificants improves significantly (p < 0.05) the water absorption, development time, dough stability and dough weakening. Good breads with high nutritive value, excellent crust color, crumb grain and high overall acceptability were produced by adding either 10% defatted soybean flour, 5% soybean hull flour, 2% molasses or 4% fenugreek flour. Rat feeding trials have shown a good haematological response, i.e. higher haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) values gained. Additional work is needed to identify other fortification options and to develop targeted fortification programes that will supply iron to all segments of a population in greatest need.
Über die Fremdfett‐Bestimmung in Kakao‐Erzeugnissen I: Chemische und physikalische Analysenverfahren zur Fremdfett‐Bestimmung in Kakao‐Preßbutter, milchfreier Schokolade und milchfreier Überzugsschokolade
Authors: Purr A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDurch Extraktion des Fettanteils dunkler Schokoladen und dreimalige Fraktionirung mit Aceton bei ‐12° C werden mit ungesättigten Glyceriden angereicherte Fraktionen erhalten. Die Säure‐, Verseifungs‐, Neutralisations‐ und Jodzahlen dieser Fraktionen sowie Löslichkeitsunterschied und Anilinpunkt erlauben die Erkennung von 5% und darüber zugesetzter Fremdfette. Zusätzliche optische Methoden werden in einer 2. Mitteilung beschrieben werden.
Über neuere bei der Synthese verzweigter Carbonsäuren erzielte Ergebnisse
Authors: Koch H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReaktionsablauf bei der in zwei Stufen durchgeführten Anlagerung von Kohlenoxyd und Wasser an Olefine. Arbeitsweise mit Ameisensäure als Kohlenoxyd‐Quelle. Fortschritte beim Arbeiten mit Kohlenoxyd unter Druck.
Papierchromatographische Ermittlung geringer Fremdfett‐Mengen der Cocosfett‐Gruppe in Schokolade und deren Zubereitungen
Authors: Pietschmann E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDer Vf. zählt einleitend die verschiedenen Fett‐Kennzahlen auf, die für den Fremdfett‐Nachweis in Schokolade und deren Zubereitungen von Bedeutung sind und beschreibt dann eingehend die papierchromatographische Trennung der Fette nach der Hydroxamsäure‐Methode, die für Serienuntersuchungen geeignet ist.
Determination of Structure and Analysis of the Hydroperoxide Isomers of Autoxidized Methyl Oleate
Authors: Privett O. S. , Nickell E. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA procedure is described demonstrating the formation of four hydroperoxide isomers in the autoxidation of methyl oleate in accordance with the free radical chain reaction concept of autoxidation. Experimental proof is also given for the location of the hydroperoxide group in the α‐position relative to the double bonds. New methodology is reported in the use of catalytic reduction with the Lindlar Catalyst for the quantitative estimation of peroxides. The quasi‐six membered ring theory of oxidation as applied to the atmospheric oxidation of fats is shown to have no factual basis.
Zusammensetzung und Verhalten des Wäscheschmutzes I
Authors: Oldenroth O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEinleitend wird eine kurze Übersicht über die Quantität und die Bestandteile der Hauptausscheidungen gegeben. Die Untersuchungen des Vf. beziehen sich auf die Art und Menge der Schmutzsubstanzen sowie deren Verhalten und Auswaschbarkeit aus Leib‐ und Bettwäsche. Die Analysenwerte sind tabellarisch zusammengestellt, zahlreiche Abbildungen veranschaulichen die Ergebnisse.
Über die Hydratisierung von Polyglykoläthern
Authors: Boehmke G. , Heusch R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie quantitativen Verhältnisse der Hydratisierungsvorgänge bei Polyglykoläthern, die als Emulgatoren Bedeutung erlangt haben, werden untersucht, Die Bestimmung erfolgt mittels Viskositätsmessungen wäßriger Lösungen von substituierten Phenylglykoläthern, ferner ‐ um den Nachweis verschiedener Hydratstufen zu erhärten ‐ mit Hilfe kalorimetrischer Messungen der Mischungswärmen und Hydratationswärmen u. a. Das Vorliegen einer recht beständigen Hydratstufe 1:1 wird eingehend erörtert. Zur Erklärung der Stabilität sowie der starken Netzebenen‐Verkürzung in diesem Verdünnungsbereich wird angenommen, daß dieses eine Molekül H2O in Art einer Einschlußverbindung in die Polyätherkette eingebaut ist. Die Wasserlöslichkeit wird auf das Vorliegen der Hydratstufe 1:4 zurückgeführt.
Über das Vorkommen verschiedener Esterasen in Pflanzensamen
Authors: Rothe M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNeben der auf die Spaltung langkettiger Fettsäureester eingestellten Lipase enthalten Pflanzensamen eine zweite Esterase, die bevorzugt Essigsäure‐Glyceride spaltet. Diese „Acetylesterase”︁ unterscheidet sich von der eigentlichen Lipase durch größere Thermostabilität, geringere Aktivitäts‐Steigerung bei der Keimung und andere Verteilung im Getreidekorn. Die sortenbedingten Schwankungen der Acetylesterase‐Aktivität sind weit geringer als die der Lipase‐Aktivität. Acetylesterase kommt in allen Getreidearten sowie den Ölsaaten Mohn, Raps und Soja vor.
Über Wachse aus ungesättigten Fettsäuren und ungesättigten Alkoholen
Authors: Kaufmann H. P. , Pollerberg J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEinleitend wird über das Vorkommen ungesättigter Wachsester und über die bisher bekannten Methoden der Wachsester‐Synthese berichtet. Zur Darstellung ungesättigter Wachsester bewährten sich vor allem: 1. die Veresterung mit Säurechloriden in Gegenwart von Pyridin und 2. die direkte Veresterung, verbunden mit der Azeotrop‐Destillation. Das Autoxydationsverhalten ungesättigter Wachsester wird untersucht.
Die dünnschicht‐chromatographische Analyse auf dem Gebiet der Tenside
Authors: Bey K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde das Verhalten von Tensiden bei der dünnschicht‐chromatographischen Analyse untersucht. Das Ziel dabei war, eine qualitative Trennung der waschaktiven Substanzen in Mischungen zu erreichen, wie sie z. B. in Waschmitteln, Kosmetika und Textilhilfsmitteln vorliegen können. Das beschriebene Verfahren erlaubt eine Orientierung über vorhandene Tenside und ist ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel für die quantitative lonenaustauscher‐Analyse.
Determination of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐1,4‐dioxin in 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5‐T alkyl ester herbicides
Authors: Edmunds J. W. , Lee D. F. , Nickels Christine M. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA gas chromatographic method for the determination of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachloro‐dibenzo‐1,4‐dioxin in 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5‐T alkyl ester herbicides is described.Of 80 samples of 100% 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid alkyl ester herbicides 25 contained less than 0.05 part/million and 75 less than 0.5 part/million 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlDrodiben2o‐1,4‐dioxin. Of 32 samples of 50% formulations of 2,4,5‐T alkyl esters in mineral oil, 8 contained less than 0.05 part/million and 18 less than 0.5 part/million tetrachlorodioxin. The maximum found was 28.3 part/ million.
The effect on root geotropism of certain ortho‐carboxyphenylpropanones
Authors: Brown Barry T. , Johansen Oddvar , Katekar Gerard F. , Sasse Wolfgang H. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of compounds related to 1‐(2′‐carboxyphenyl)‐3‐phenylpropane‐1,3‐dione has been synthesised and their effects on root geotropism assessed using cress and ryegrass seedlings. The more active members have been found to be highly potent, abolishing root geotropism at concentrations as low as 0.01 mg/litre. In this respect they compare favourably with TIBA and NPA. It is suggested that a 2‐carboxy‐phenyl radical separated by a 3 carbon unit from a second aromatic ring is essential for activity, and that a C‐1 oxygen function enhances the effect.
Uptake and translocation of benomyl and carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol‐2‐yl carbamate) in the symplast
Authors: Solel Z. , Schooley Janice M. , Edgington Lloyd V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCytoplasmic uptake of carbendazim (methyl benzimidazol‐2‐yl carbamate; MBC) from an aqueous solution was demonstrated with isolated mesophyll cells. About 2.5% of the labelled MBC (ring‐2‐[14C]) in the treatment solution (1.85 μg/ml) was taken up in 44 h.When cotyledons of cucumber seedling were treated with either 347 or 36 μg [14C]‐MBC/plant 1.11 and 0.13% were extracted, respectively, from the remainder of the plant, 5 days after treatment. Greatest amounts were detected in shoot apices. Likewise, when MBC and benomyl were applied at the dose of 2 μmol, 0.34 and 0.57% were detected in the untreated part of the plant with a bioassay procedure. Foliar application with 347 or 36 μg[14C]‐MBC/leaf resulted in the translocation of 1.68 and 0.11% out of the treated area. By scalding the living cells of the petiole translocation was prevented suggesting that long distance movement occurred in the symplast. During a period of 14 days 1.56% of [14C]‐MBC applied to cucumber leaves was metabolised and respired as CO2. This degradation was assumed to occur enzymically within the symplast.
Determination of methomyl in rape seeds, oils and meals
Authors: Mendoza Celso E. , McLeod Harry A. , Shields John B. , Phillips William E. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethomyl added to rape seeds, oils or meals was detected by a thin‐layer chromatographic‐enzyme inhibition technique. The limit of detection in the presence of oil or meal extractive was 20 mg or 0.01 mg/kg. The amounts of methomyl recovered from oils and meals fortified at 0.01 to 20 mg/kg were comparable to the standard. When stored at 4 °C, methomyl in oil or meals, or in chloroform extracts, was stable for at least 10 and 21 days, respectively. No degradation was observed when methomyl was heated in ethanol at 72 °C for 2 h.Methomyl and its oxime were also detected with either iodo‐ or chloroplatinate reagent after t.l.c. The detection limits were approximately 600 mg for methomyl and 190 for the oxime.
The application of the computer to a pesticide screening programme
Authors: Saggers David T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe two criteria which a pesticide screening programme should satisfy are firstly to select economically active compounds for full scale field trials and secondly to provide guidance for the planning of future chemical synthesis. In order to fulfill the second of these functions it is necessary to analyse in depth the relationships between chemical structure and biological activity. This procedure which may involve the correlation of large volumes of data can be facilitated considerably by the use of computer based techniques which are described and discussed.