bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Dynamics of a Younger Dryas Rock Avalanche in the Bernese Alps
Authors: Bucher Giacomina , Dieleman Catharina , Ivy-Ochs Susan , Aaron Jordan , Vockenhuber Christof , Akçar Naki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Large rock avalanches play a key role in shaping alpine landscapes. However, the complex interplay between mass movement and other surface processes poses challenges in identifying these deposits and understanding the underlying process controls. Here, we focus on the rock avalanche deposits of the Lurnigalp Valley in the Bernese Alps (Switzerland), originally mapped as till. The Lurnigalp is a U-shaped tributary valley located in the southwest of Adelboden, Canton Bern. To explore the timing and dynamics of the rock avalanche event, we employed detailed remote and field mapping, sedimentary petrology, surface exposure dating with cosmogenic 36Cl, and runout modelling with DAN3D®. For the reconstruction of the chronology, we analyzed cosmogenic 36Cl in surface samples from 15 boulders of the rock avalanche deposit. We developed three distinct scenarios to investigate the dynamics and contextual conditions of the rock avalanche event. In the first two scenarios, we hypothesize that the rock avalanche occurred in a valley devoid of ice. In contrast, the third scenario presents a different setting where a hypothetical glacier is posited to have occupied the upper sections of the valley. In brief, we anticipate that a rock mass of ca. 6 Mm3 of rock mass composed of limestone and sandstone was released from a limestone cliff at 12 ± 2 ka during the Younger Dryas. The collapsed rock mass fell into the ice-free valley floor, ran up the opposite valley side and was deflected towards the northeast following the valley orientation. The rock mass stopped after 2.2 km leaving approximately 6.4 Mm3 deposits spread across the entire valley floor. Subsequently, most of the rock avalanche deposits have been reworked by periglacial activity. We conclude that structural features (bedding, fault), lithology and glacial erosion were involved in the weakening of the in-situ bedrock that finally led to the collapse. Our study not only enhances our understanding of rock avalanche mechanisms and their profound impact on Alpine landscape evolution but also elucidates the complex interplay of geological processes that led to the collapse and altered the rock avalanche deposits afterwards.
Characterization of groundwater potability and irrigation potential in Uttar Pradesh, India using water quality index and multivariate statistics
Authors: Chaudhary Supriya , Singh Gurudatta , Gupta Deepak , Singh Maunas Suruchi , Mishra Virendra Kumar 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

This study includes groundwater quality data from 290 monitoring sites from 69 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. The analysis of the data showed that 98.97, 24.48, 52.07, and 68.97% of groundwater samples had concentrations of electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), Mg2+, and HCO3−, respectively, higher than the maximum permissible limit. Groundwater quality index (GWQI) was calculated for these 290 monitoring sites which revealed that 21 sites (7.24%) had inappropriate GWQI for drinking water, and 18 sites (6.21%) had an unsuitable index for irrigation. Most of the sampling sites (98.97%) showed high EC contents in groundwater with a mean value of 999.33 μS/cm. Fluoride content was found within the permissible limits in 95.52% of the samples, while 4.48% had high concentrations. The use of hierarchical cluster analysis differentiated all the sites into two clusters: one with high pollution and the other with low pollution. Significant correlations exist between physicochemical and irrigation indicators in the correlation matrix. High loadings of EC, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, and SO42− were identified in the first principal component, which are thought to be pollution-controlled processes from anthropogenic sources. According to the Chadha diagram, CaHCO3 and Ca–Mg–HCl were the two most prevalent chemicals in the water.
Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in mountainous catchment and its suitability for drinking purposes in Irob, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Abadi Haile Tadelle , Alemayehu Tewodros , Berhe Berihu Abadi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The primary source of drinking water in Ethiopia's semi-arid mountainous regions is groundwater. The present study aims to assess the hydrogeochemical characteristics of low-grade basement rocks dominated by mountainous catchments. Moreover, it examines the suitability of the groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Irob, Tigray, northern Ethiopia. However, relatively little is known about the water chemistry and groundwater quality of the resources in the area. Fifteen samples of groundwater were collected and examined for ions according to standard procedures. The outcomes were assessed against the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water quality criteria. To identify the source of dissolved ions and the process involved, graphic interpretations were applied. The results show that Ca–Mg–SO4–HCO3 and Ca–SO4–HCO3 were the dominant water types. Gibbs plots and ionic ratios reveal that silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution and ion exchange control water chemistry. Furthermore, the findings reveal that 60, 80, 46.67, 46.67, 60, 6.67, 60 and 53.33% of samples are above the safe limits of the WHO for hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and sulfate (SO42-), respectively. Consequently, the groundwater quality assessment demonstrates that the water sources in lower parts of the catchment are unsuitable for drinking.
Using unsupervised learning to classify inlet water for more stable design of water reuse in industrial parks
Authors: Chen Kan , Shi Xiaofei , Zhang Zhihao , Chen Shijun , Ma Ji , Zheng Tong , Alfonso Leonardo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The water reuse facilities of industrial parks face the challenge of managing a growing variety of wastewater sources as their inlet water. Typically, this clustering outcome is designed by engineers with extensive expertise. This paper presents an innovative application of unsupervised learning methods to classify inlet water in Chinese water reuse stations, aiming to reduce reliance on engineer experience. The concept of ‘water quality distance’ was incorporated into three unsupervised learning clustering algorithms (K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES), which were validated through six case studies. Of the six cases, three were employed to illustrate the feasibility of the unsupervised learning clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the clustering algorithm exhibited greater stability and excellence compared to both artificial clustering and ChatGPT-based clustering. The remaining three cases were utilized to showcase the reliability of the three clustering algorithms. The findings revealed that the AGNES algorithm demonstrated superior potential application ability. The average purity in six cases of K-means, DBSCAN, and AGNES were 0.947, 0.852, and 0.955, respectively.
Cumulative Exposure to Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein is a Potential
Predictor for Prognosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Cohort Study
Authors: Cheng Kaili , Chen Xiuqi , Luo Yufan , Sun Wenbo , Yang Xiaoli , Huang Shengwen , Wang Yuanyuan , Wu Danhong 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is crucial in the recrudescence and
prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to probe into the influence of cumulative ox-LDL exposure
on the 90-day prognosis of AIS.

Methods:
Patients with AIS were recruited in this research. AIS severity at admission was estimated with infarct
volumes and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. AIS prognosis was assessed using
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and the change in NIHSS scores from admission to discharge.
Cumulative ox-LDL exposure was defined as ox-LDL level (pg/mL) multiplied by age(y). Multivariate logistic
regression analysis was employed to reveal the correlation between exposure factors and the prognosis of
AIS. The prognostic prediction ability of cumulative ox-LDL exposure was compared with cumulative LDL
exposure by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

Results:
Higher cumulative ox-LDL exposure was related to worse prognosis, including neurological worsening
at discharge (NIHSS increasing more than 2 points) (OR = 3.02, 95% CI, 1.30-6.98, P = 0.01) and poor
functional prognosis at 90 days (mRS ≥ 3) (OR = 21.21, 95% CI, 4.72-95.36, P < 0.001). As multivariate regression
analysis showed, significantly increased cumulative ox-LDL exposure was relevant to poor functional
prognosis at 90 days (OR = 9.92, 95% CI, 1.23-79.76, P = 0.031), but not with neurological worsening at
discharge (P = 0.414). ROC curve revealed that cumulative ox-LDL exposure had a higher predictive value
(AUC = 0.843, P < 0.001) for functional prognosis of AIS than cumulative LDL exposure(AUC = 0.629, P =
0.023).

Conclusion:
Cumulative ox-LDL exposure has a positive correlation with poor prognosis at 90 days of AIS,
and has a more accurate predictive ability than cumulative LDL exposure.
The Application of Nanotechnological Therapeutic Platforms against
Gynecological Cancers
Authors: Keyvani Vahideh , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Riahi Espanta , Mahmoudian Reihaneh Alsadat , Tabari Masoomeh , Lagzian Elmira , Ghorbani Elnaz , Akbarzade Hamed , Gholami Amir-Sadra , Gataa Ibrahim Saeed , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ferns Gordon A. , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir , Anvari Kazem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Gynecological cancers (GCs), ovarian, cervical, and endometrial/uterine cancers, are often associated with poor outcomes. Despite the development of several therapeutic modalities against GCs, the effectiveness of the current therapeutic approaches is limited due to their side effects, low therapeutic index, short halflife, and resistance to therapy. To overcome these limitations, nano delivery-based approaches have been introduced with the potential of targeted delivery, reduced toxicity, controlled release, and improved bioavailability of various cargos. This review summarizes the application of different nanoplatforms, such as lipid-based, metal-based, and polymeric nanoparticles, to improve the chemo/radio treatments of GC. In the following work, the use of nanoformulated agents to fight GCs has been mentioned in various clinical trials. Although nanosystems have their own challenges, the knowledge highlighted in this article could provide deep insight into translations of NPs approaches to overcome GCs.
One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole and 2-Amino-4Hbenzo[
b]pyrans Catalyzed by Hercynite@SiO2@Tris as Novel and Efficient
Nanocatalyst
Authors: Beiranvand Shima , Norouzi Masoomeh , Tahmasbi Bahman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
In this study, magnetic hercynite nanoparticles (FeAl2O4, MNPs) were functionalized
by cheap and readily available tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) as an organocatalyst.
Various techniques, including Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), Energy
Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) were employed to determine the
morphology, particle size, physical properties, and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles.
Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques were used to
investigate the presence of the functional group. The activity of this new catalyst as a magnetically
recoverable nanocatalyst was investigated in the synthesis of oxygen and nitrogencontaining
heterocyclic compounds. Pyranoprazole and 2-amino-4H-benzo[b]pyrans compounds
were synthesized with high efficiency in a short time. FeAl2O4@SiO2@Tris can be separated using
magnetic attraction and reused up to 5 consecutive times without a significant decrease in the yield of target
products or catalytic activity.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Anti-cholinesterase Activity, Theoretical Investigation,
and Catalytic Effect of New Encumbered N-benzyladamantyl Substituted
Imidazolidin-2-ylidene Carbene Pd-PEPPSI Complexes
Authors: Ikhlef Sofiane , Lasmari Sarra , Zendaoui Saber Mustapha , Mokrani El Hassen , Tebbani Dahmane , Gürbüz Nevin , Bensouici Chawki , Boulcina Raouf , Zouchoune Bachir , Özdemir Ismail 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
This study aimed to describe the preparation of novel PEPPSI type Pd(II)-NHC
complexes bearing N-benzyladamantyl substituted imidazolidin-2-ylidene group. All synthesized
compounds were characterized by using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies,
FTIR, and elemental analysis techniques. One of the objectives of this study was the synthesis
of Pd-NHC complexes with AChE/BChE inhibition activities. Among all the tested
compounds, complexes 4b and 4c were found to have the most high potential AChE and
BChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 21.57 ± 0.23 Mm and 15.78 ± 0.39 Mm, respectively.
Conducting molecular docking studies helped us in gathering crucial information
about the main binding interactions of inhibitors and enzymes, and the results were
in agreement with the biological evaluation. The synthesized Pd-NHC complexes were
employed for catalyzing the direct C2- and C5-arylation reaction between aryl (hetero) halide and a variety of
heterocyclic systems. In both cases (C2 and C5-arylation), Pd-NHC complexes catalysts provided access to the
arylated heterocycles in good to high yields in the presence of 1 mol% catalyst loading at 150°C. The DFT theoretical
investigation showed that the Pd-NHC complexes were of ML2X2 type, where the the Pd(II) cation had
a square planar geometry. The interaction energies obtained by energy decomposition analysis (EDA) demonstrated
that the 4d and 4e complexes were more stable in the presence of more methyl substituents. The chemical
indicators demonstrated that the less stable 4c complex was more reactive in regard to the chemical hardness,
chemical potential, and electrophilicity values.
Cobalt(III)–porphyrin Complex as an Efficient and Recyclable Homogeneous
Catalyst for the Synthesis of Tetrahydro-2-oxa-4-thia-diazapentalen-5-one
Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Abd El-Lateef Hany M. , Eskander Thomas Nady A. , Alzubi Mohammad Saleh Hussein , Khalaf Mai M. , Aleem Ali Ali El-Remaily Mahmoud Abd El 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
In this study, we successfully synthesized the CoPHrn complex as an efficient
and recyclable catalyst for the one-pot, three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes,
2,4-thiazolidenedione, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, leading to the synthesis of tetrahydro-
2-oxa-4-thia-diazapentalen-5-one derivatives under environmentally friendly conditions.
The structures of the newly formed compounds were determined through elemental
and spectral analyses. This methodology offers significant advantages, including its ecofriendliness,
cost-effectiveness, operational simplicity, extensive reusability, and applicability,
as well as the easy recovery of the catalyst using straightforward methods. Additionally,
a series of tetrahydro-2-oxa-4-thia-diazapentalen-5-one derivatives were successfully synthesized.
Notably, this novel procedure demonstrates remarkable benefits in terms of safety,
simplicity, stability, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, excellent yields, and high purity, all achieved
without the use of hazardous solvents.
Feasibility of Point Shear Wave Elastography for Evaluating Renal Cortical
Thickness: A Prospective Study
Authors: Almutairi Fahad , Alyami Jaber 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Chronic Kidney Disease [CKD] affects individuals of different age groups worldwide. Moreover, CKD is associated with several risk factors,
including obesity, lifestyle, and hypertension, which are common in the Middle East. Ultrasonography is the examination of choice for CKD. In
recent years, Shear Wave Elastography [SWE] has developed through the continued development of ultrasound and received substantial attention
;therefore, it can be used to measure tissue stiffness. The study aimed to use point Shear Wave Elastography [p-SWE] to determine the correlation
between diabetes and cortical renal thickness in detecting pathologies.

Methods:
This study was performed at the King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital. We examined 61 patients who underwent SWE. The patients were
classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [DM].

Results:
The results showed that there was a significant correlation between cortical stiffness and DM duration [p<0.005]. In addition, there was a negative
correlation between cortical stiffness and cortical thickness [p=0.147] in patients with DM. Moreover, the eGFR decreased with an increase in
cortical stiffness [p=0.499]. The cortical thickness in patients with and without DM was 0.750 ± 0.2 kPa and 0.788 ± 0.4 kPa, respectively. The
kidney stiffness in patients with DM and control patients was 8.5 ± 8.6 cm and 14.0 ± 25.16 cm, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study showed that kidney p-SWE measurements were reliable. Therefore, further studies assessing kidney stiffness in patients with and
without people with diabetes are recommended.
Neuroinflammatory Response and Redox-regulation Activity of
Hyperoside in Manganese-induced Neurotoxicity Model of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ogunro Olalekan Bukunmi , Olasehinde Oluwaseun Ruth 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Excessive manganese exposure can lead to neurotoxicity with detrimental
effects on the brain. Neuroinflammatory responses and redox regulation play pivotal
roles in this process. Exploring the impact of hyperoside in a Wistar rat model offers insights into
potential neuroprotective strategies against manganese-induced neurotoxicity.

Objective:
The study investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of hyperoside isolated from the
ethanol leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium (HELEGL), in the brain tissue of Wistar rats following
15 consecutive days of exposure to 30 mg/L of MnCl2.

Methods:
Control animals in Group 1 had access to regular drinking water, while animals in
groups 2–4 were exposed to MnCl2 in their drinking water. Groups 3 and 4 also received additional
HELEGL at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. In Group 5,
HELEGL at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight was administered alone. Treatment with
HELEGL commenced on day 8 via oral administration.

Results:
HELEGL effectively mitigated MnCl2-induced memory impairment, organ-body
weight discrepancies, and fluid intake deficits. Exposure to MnCl2 increased the activities or levels
of various markers such as acyl peptide hydrolase, tumour necrosis factor-α, dipeptidyl peptidase
IV, nitric oxide, IL-1β, prolyl oligopeptidase, caspase-3, myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and
malondialdehyde, while it decreased the activities or levels of others, including AChE, BChE,
DOPA, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, GST, GPx, CAT, SOD, GSH, and T-SH (p <
0.05). In contrast, HELEGL effectively counteracted the adverse effects of MnCl2 by alleviating
oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, cognitive deficits, and bolstering
the antioxidant status. Moreover, HELEGL restored the normal histoarchitecture of the
brain, which had been distorted by MnCl2.

Conclusion:
In summary, HELEGL reversed the causative factors of neurodegenerative diseases
induced by MnCl2 exposure, suggesting its potential for further exploration as a prospective
therapeutic agent in the management of Alzheimer's disease and related forms of dementia.
Boltzmann’s Theorem Revisited: Inaccurate Time-to-Action Clocks in
Affective Disorders
Authors: Ferber Sari Goldstein , Weller Aron , Soreq Hermona 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Timely goal-oriented behavior is essential for survival and is shaped by experience. In this
paper, a multileveled approach was employed, ranging from the polymorphic level through thermodynamic
molecular, cellular, intracellular, extracellular, non-neuronal organelles and electrophysiological
waves, attesting for signal variability. By adopting Boltzmann’s theorem as a thermodynamic conceptualization
of brain work, we found deviations from excitation-inhibition balance and wave decoupling,
leading to wider signal variability in affective disorders compared to healthy individuals. Recent
evidence shows that the overriding on-off design of clock genes paces the accuracy of the multilevel
parallel sequencing clocks and that the accuracy of the time-to-action is more crucial for healthy behavioral
reactions than their rapidity or delays. In affective disorders, the multilevel clocks run free
and lack accuracy of responsivity to environmentally triggered time-to-action as the clock genes are
not able to rescue mitochondria organelles from oxidative stress to produce environmentally-triggered
energy that is required for the accurate time-to-action and maintenance of the thermodynamic equilibrium.
This maintenance, in turn, is dependent on clock gene transcription of electron transporters,
leading to higher signal variability and less signal accuracy in affective disorders. From a Boltzmannian
thermodynamic and energy-production perspective, the option of reversibility to a healthier time-toaction,
reducing entropy is implied. We employed logic gates to show deviations from healthy levelwise
communication and the reversed conditions through compensations implying the role of nonneural
cells and the extracellular matrix in return to excitation-inhibition balance and accuracy in the
time-to-action signaling.