bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder Consultation in an Oil Operating Company
Authors: Okoro I. C. , Geerling C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Social accountability beyond strictly legal or contractual obligations has become a major driver of SPDC's business in Nigeria.
In order to define our position vis-à-vis those who are or could be our stakeholders, four workshops were organised between 1998 and 2000. After a low profile but intensive consultation with a wide range of interest groups, including respected international opinion leaders in the areas of Environment and Social Development, a simple stakeholder selection philosophy was adopted, which was to consult as widely as possible.
In all, the workshops involved over 600 participants representing a broad spectrum of interests, including community groupings, regulatory authorities, Government agencies, the academia, industry specialists and NGOs. The workshops produced a detailed list of queries, recommendations and suggestions. SPDC made a commitment to respond to every issue raised in the follow-up of the workshops.
While there was recognition of SPDC's efforts in environmental impact minimisation as well as in the provision of social infrastructure, it was felt that the company should put more emphasis on the linkages between environmental impact and social impact. The company should also get more involved in wider issues of environmental conservation.
The net result of these workshops is that a new annual stakeholder dialogue programme has become part of the SPDC management calendar. This will be in addition to other established structured and programmed dialogue sessions on an issue by issue and with relevant stakeholders and community groups.
Key learning points are:
Seek first to understand in order to be understood. Independent views of experts and open discussion will pull people out of dug-in positions. Openness and transparency works all the time.
Environmental Decision Making for New Developments: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Alderdice Ian , Cutteridge David , Whitehead Alwyne 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A variety of approaches are adopted within the Oil and Gas sector with regard to selecting appropriate environmental standards and performance levels for new developments. For those aiming to advance the standards of environmental performance it is probably not unreasonable to suggest that the general approach is to consider existing practice and then assess what incremental progress can be made to improve performance levels without incurring excessive additional costs.
This paper presents a new approach to the consideration of appropriate environmental performance levels for new developments which, it is asserted, will result in significant reductions in emissions and impacts without a significant increase in development costs.
Fundamentally this new approach involves replacing the starting point for the assessment. The traditional starting point of existing practice is replaced with the new starting point of the ideal outcome i.e. zero damage. How zero could be achieved then has to be described along with logical intermediate positions between ‘zero’ and existing practice. The final step is to determine the appropriate level of performance for the proposed development, the methodology being that the zero option will be adopted unless a rigorous justification, considering all relevant factors, can be constructed for adopting a lesser position. One possible method for making this assessment is proposed.
It is asserted that consideration of the practicalities of achieving zero damage during the early stages of development planning, along with the requirement to provide a robust justification for each area in which zero cannot, or should not, be achieved will result in significant improvements in environmental performance (judged against current practice) at an acceptable incremental cost.
Project Risk and Reward - An HSE Manager's Experience
Authors: Moorfield Derek 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the writer's experience of a risk and reward scheme used on a recent gas exploration, design, fabrication and installation project performed by an international Alliance Project Team in the Republic of South Africa where a large element of the scheme included HSE qualifiers.
The Project, like many today, was performed against a tight budget and schedule and presented a number of challenges with respect to the management of HSE. These were complicated by the structure of the Alliance which employed seventeen member companies and many sub contractors from within South Africa, France, Portugal and United Arab Emirates, all with different HSE cultures and practices.
This paper discusses the following:
Details of the risk and reward scheme; The reasons the Client required HSE to be included in the scheme; How this affected the Project approach to HSE management; Pros and Cons of the scheme; Did it work?; Would we do anything different next time?
Application and Integration of Security Risk Assessment Methodologies and Technologies into Health, Safety and Environmental (SHE) Programs
Authors: Piper John W. , Carlon Joseph R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the petrol-chemical industry, SHE programs evolved from multiple sources, such as the American Institute of Chemical Engineer's Center for Chemical Process Safety. In ExxonMobil, SHE programs are managed through the Operational Integrity Management System (OIMS), which draws upon those chemical industry best practices. OIMS is comprised of eleven key elements that define aspects of sound SHE operations. OIMS provides for definitions of what is expected as well as providing specific best practices.
Specific OIMS elements are:
Management Leadership, Commitment, and Accountability Risk Assessment and Management Facilities Design and Construction Information/documentation Personnel and Training Operations and Maintenance Management of Change Third Party Services Incident Investigation and Analysis Community Awareness and Emergency Preparedness Operations Integrity Assessment and Improvement
Unfortunately, the petrol-chemical industry—unlike some industries such as commercial nuclear power where clear SHE-security relationships are mandated—has typically not addressed security matters in development of best practices. For example, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requirement NUREG/CR-1345 is entitled Nuclear Power Plant Design for the Reduction of Vulnerability to Industrial Sabotage and requires facilities to consider sabotage scenarios in design. No such recommended practice exists in the AICHE Center for Chemical Process Safety documentation.
Technological Aspects Relative to Assessing the Integrity of Existing Offshore Facilities: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Smith Charles E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Aging or damaged offshore facilities present many challenges to the offshore oil and gas industry and regulators worldwide. Many existing facilities were designed in accordance with much lower standards than are currently prescribed. Others may have suffered damage as a result of storms and/or accidents or, because of the lack of active maintenance programs, deteriorated to the extent that their future structural integrity is in question. Further, with the advent of new drilling and production technologies, lives of existing reservoirs have been significantly extended; thus, facilities are being called upon to serve well beyond their original design life. Regulatory bodies, as well as the oil and gas industry, have put forth much effort to develop suitable standards to assess the integrity of existing offshore facilities. Although the primary focus in the past has been on platform structures, i.e. steel jackets, recent efforts have been associated with topsides facilities and pipeline systems. This paper will discuss the Minerals Management Service (MMS) perspective relative to reassessment issues and will present an overview of major research and technology efforts that have been or are currently being funded by the MMS in support of these activities.
Integrated Safety Information System - A Strategic Management Tool
Authors: Pereira Azevedo Miguel Francisco , Constantino Roberto , Maida Fernando 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the development criteria and implementation steps of a Corporate System of Information on Industrial Safety ("Sistema Corporativo de Informações de Segurança Industrial" - SISIN) implemented in PETROBRAS-Petróleo Brasileiro S.A as a strategic management tool. The system in reference involves some 40 units, including main offices and operating units, encompassing a universe of 35,000 (January/2000) employees of the Company and Contractors’ employees and totals 70,000 records approximately in the period from 1985 to 2000 (January), including records of accidents resulting in personal injuries and records of irregular occurrences.
The engineering adopted for the development of the data bank employed the concepts recommended in the ISO-9000 series Quality rules, with reference to a wider application of the definition of "non conformity". The criteria set forth in the Brazilian Standard of Accident Recordings NBR-14.280, issued by the Brazilian Technical Standards Association ("Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas"- ABNT) were also taken into consideration, as well as the international rules on which the charts included in the System were based.
The purpose of this paper is to evidence the managerial importance of an Information System of such dimensions, since the basic assumptions adopted for its development, such as the processing speed of data input, data availability in real time, concepts and national and international indicators were employed and are strategically necessary within a globalization scenario, in which information quality and productivity are increasingly needed elements, as well as fundamental factors of corporate survival.
People Are the Key to Safety Excellence: The Benefits of a Strong Safety Culture
Authors: Solomon Peter 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
DuPont understands the direct connection between safety, quality and environment through employee behaviour. Safety has been important to DuPont for two centuries, and the DuPont safety philosophy was based on concepts promoted by its founder, E.I. du Pont.
Through years of experience within its own plants, DuPont has found that safety needs to focus on people. A DuPont study has found that unsafe acts are the cause of 96 percent of all injuries at work, whereas only four percent are related to technical causes.
This papers highlights the DuPont belief that a good safety culture is essential for the well being of a company. It will describe the DuPont philosophy and how it has helped in creating strong safety values within the organisation, and the resultant positive results.
Its philosophy includes:
– All injuries are preventable. – Safety is a condition of employment. – Safety off-the-job is just as important as safety on-the-job. – Good safety is good business.
The paper will use case studies to illustrate how if people are placed at the centre, from all levels within the organisation, the safety culture will improve drastically. And this does not just apply to safety. If people act responsibly towards safety, then they will do the same for quality and all other core values.
This paper also describes the interplay between ‘management’ and ‘worker roles’ and how these are affected within the model of cultural development – from dependence to independence through to interdependence.
In conclusion. Safety should be an integral part of the behaviour of all employees, at all levels. By ‘walking the talk’, DuPont has been able to achieve its status as the safest science and technology company worldwide. To achieve a strong safety culture, companies must be willing to devote all the time and resources necessary to encourage employees in the development of personal commitment, individual accountability and a strong sense of interdependency.
World Wildlife Fund and an Operating Company Partnership: Lessons Learned from Six Years of Collaboration in Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Flemming D. , McCall D. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In 1994, the Kutubu Petroleum Development Project (established by a consortium of oil companies and operated by Chevron Niugini Limited) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) embarked on a unique partnership to conserve the globally-significant forest ecosystem of the Kikori River catchment in Papua New Guinea. The Kutubu Project is Papua New Guinea's first petroleum development project and is surrounded by the vast 2.3 million hectare Kikori River catchment. The partnership established between Chevron Niugini and WWF initiated the Kikori Integrated Conservation and Development Project (KICDP) to assist the people of the Kikori River catchment to conserve their natural resources, which are under threat primarily from large-scale logging. While few partnerships of this magnitude exist between international oil companies and conservation organizations, the KICDP has proven that such a partnership can be a successful way to promote and achieve environmental conservation. This partnership is predicated on Chevron Niugini's efforts to safeguard the environment through environmental controls and WWF's goal of conserving the earth's outstanding biological diversity. The KICDP completed its first three-year phase of operation in 1997 and initiated a second three-year phase in January of 1998 with funding from the Gobe and Kutubu Petroleum Development Projects. Both Chevron and WWF have recently completed internal reviews of the partnership. This paper describes the results from these reviews. The conclusion from six years of partnership experience between Chevron and WWF is that this partnership--and potentially others like it--offers considerable promise as an innovative strategy for environmental protection.
Biomarkers: A New Approach to Assess Environmental Impact of Petroleum E&P Activities
Authors: Børseth J. F. , Grøsvik B. E. , Camus L. , Le Floch S. , Gaudebert B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Description of benthic fauna have traditionally been the most dominating method in offshore environmental impact studies. However, this method has revealed clear limitations. Benthic fauna investigations are retrospective with regard to biological impacts. They are relatively expensive and do not provide information about the impact of discharges in the water column. Today, focus on the water column has increased and the Norwegian Pollution Control Authorities has decided to emphasise on possible biological effects. However, this has not yet been implemented and present monitoring is limited to measurements of chemical concentrations in water and tissue. These data are combined with model simulations of water concentration fields. The rationale behind the change in biomonitoring focus towards biological effects is that one do not necessarily include in monitoring programs those chemicals that cause effects. Therefore, it is considered a better strategy to monitor effects directly. Some biological effect parameters (by definition named general biomarkers) integrate responses to several classes of chemicals in the environment, other parameters respond more specifically to special compounds. For environmental screening purposes, it is important to select the type of biomarkers which is most relevant for the type of pollution expected and the species investigated. If effects are indicated with a screening biomarker, a more detailed environmental analysis will be required. Supplementary biomarker methods and chemical analyses can then decide the real size and cause of the impact in a stepwise and cost-effective manner.
The use of biomarkers in biomonitoring of oil & gas activities in the North Sea has been shown to be useful by studies conducted within the Elf IDREMER program in Norway and by studies in UK supported by the Scottish Pollution Control Authorities.
Modification of a Standardized Anaerobic Biodegradation Test to Discriminate Performance of Various Non-Aqueous Base Fluids
Authors: Candler John E. , Lee Burney , Rabke Stephen P. , Geliff Jonathan M. , Stauffer Richard , Hein Jerry 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The inability to consistently discriminate biodegradation performance inhibits the development and use of Synthetic-Based Muds (SBMs) and other non-aqueous base fluids. Government regulators and industry representatives are discussing and seeking to improve the repeatability, discriminatory power and environmental relevance of the current bottle and simulated seabed biodegradation tests. To date, the existing protocols and procedures are only moderately successful in discriminating the performance of various base fluids. This study provides information on the modification and development of an existing freshwater anaerobic test (ISO/DIS 11734)1 for use as a marine sediment anaerobic biodegradation test. This paper reviews and compares the repeatability, discriminatory power, practicality and ecological relevance of the modified test relative to the performance of other biodegradation tests and field data.
Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Eckhoff Hans Egil 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A Health Risk Assessment is a process used to determine if health hazards potentially affect workers or the public. This can be basic, initial assessment as part of routine work planning and execution, or they can be structured assessments that evaluate and prioritize potential health risks. The health risk assessment defines the required follow-up and contains recommendations for control and remedial actions.
The Norwegian Regulations to systematic follow-up of the working environment in the petroleum activities requires an evaluation of whether and how risk analyses may be used as an element in the work of preventing work related disease.
This paper describes the documentation of the administrative framework for formally assessing occupational health risks in a structured fashion, Controlling occupational health risks, Communicating the results of formal health risk assessments, and Obtaining appropriate levels of management approval for health risk assessment and control activities.
The formal Health Risk assessment includes the following procedural steps: Triggers, Methodology, Health Risk Matrix, Classification of occupational health risks, Risk reduction plans, Risk communication plans, Reassessment of health risk assessment, Management approval, Risk assessment responsibilities.
A formal health risk assessment is a useful tool to in a systematic way assess exposure to health hazards and develop risk reduction plans. Management's approval and responsibilities are essential in the process.
Offshore Drilling Project Integrated HSE Management in Australia
Authors: Embury Jim 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The key focus for companies today is managing the operation as an integrated project rather than as a series of services managed through contractual agreements. Safety is becoming the integrating factor over the services provided by the drilling contractor and other service companies rather than the technical objectives of the program.
The paper will describe the Safety Case legislative requirements and how companies are meeting them. It provides a quick overview of the process that was developed in 1996 to meet the regulatory requirements then moves to the current day and describes how operators, coming in for two to four wells, meet the requirements while providing better hazard management than companies drilling three years ago. Examples of risk management over multiple wells in one permit, simultaneous operations for infield drilling and assessment of hazardous occurrence including drilling in shipping lanes and during cyclone seasons will provide readers with an insight into Australian operating conditions.
This paper will go beyond the "what to do" to include the "how to do it". The contributions of the Australian industry will be shared to contribute to the advancement of risk management for offshore drilling operations.
The Hearts and Minds Project in an Operating Company: Developing Tools to Measure Cultural Factors
Authors: Hudson P. T. W. , Willekes F. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Hearts and Minds project is being carried out to improve safety performance across the Oman oil industry. The objective is to identify how people can become intrinsically motivated for good HSE behaviour and to develop (micro-) tools to achieve such well motivated behaviour in a simple and effective manner, optimally tuned to the cultures in the organisation. The Hearts and Minds programme involves two components. One is the development of tools to measure the safety culture, readiness to change and national cultural factors. The second involves the development of ‘micro-tools’ to produce development of safety culture. This paper reports the results of the first stage. Reliable and simple scales to measure safety culture and readiness to change have been developed. The results show differences between PDO and a number of its major contractors. Most interestingly there are reliable differences between managers, supervisors and workforce that are independent of the company. Managers are invariably more open to change and have higher evaluations of the safety culture than do either supervisors or the workforce.
A replication of Hofstede's scales for the measurement of national culture was also successful. The scales measured were Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Collectivism-Individualism and Masculinity-Femininity. Significant differences have been found between different groups that have considerable implications for the development of safety culture and the implementation of initiatives in general. This paper also discusses the consequences of the results for implementation of safety initiatives within a company that is characterised by being culturally extremely diverse.
Structuring the Greater Ekofisk Drilling Operations for Best in Class HSE Results
Authors: James R. W. , Croucher T. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Phillips Petroleum Company Norway has made significant HSE improvements to gain "best in class" results. An industry leadership position has enabled Phillips Petroleum Company Norway (PPCoN) to involve the Norwegian authorities, research institutes, operators, and contractors towards the further development and application of the methods used. An additional benefit of these improvements has been reduced costs of drilling operations.
This paper discusses the HSE improvements achieved by PPCoN drilling department and the manner inwhich external organisations have been involved. The paper also identifies the benefits to PPCoN and the external organisations, and how industry-wide improvements have resulted.