bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model verification and documentation are needed
Authors: Sasowsky Ira D. 
Published: October 2006

Trust, but verify—this is what editors ask for, and what readers expect, from reviewers of technical articles. As a reviewer, I am growing concerned with the level of trust requested by authors of submitted manuscripts, and the frequent lack of verifiable data and methods. Negative reports in the press [e.g., New York Times, 2005] attest to the worst‐case outcomes of such shortcomings.Certainly novelty and merit must be present in a manuscript, but authors should also include the empirical and theoretical technical bases used to support their findings and conclusions. Where fundamental elements of the scientific analysis are alluded to but are not included either explicitly or by reference, the reviewer should recommend that the article be accepted for publication only after those shortcomings have been remedied.
Monitoring fires in southwestern Amazonia Rain Forests
Authors: Brown I. Foster , Schroeder Wilfrid , Setzer Alberto , De Los Rios Maldonado Monica , Pantoja Nara , Duarte Alejandro , Marengo Jose 
Published: October 2006

From mid‐July to mid‐October 2005, an environmental disaster unfolded in the trinational region of Madre de Dios, Peru; Acre, Brazil; and Pando, Bolivia (the MAP region), in southwestern Amazonia. A prolonged dry season and human‐initiated fires resulted in smoke pollution affecting more than 400,000 persons, fire damage to over 300,000 hectares of rain forest, and over US$50 million of direct economic losses. Indicatorrs suggest that anomalous drought conditions could occur again this year.In May 2005, river levels, were the lowest in 34 years in Rio Branco,Acre, Brazil, signaling that the subsequent dry season would be unusual. Rainfall became virtually absent for several months, not only in eastern Acre but also in the neighboring Bolivian department of Pando and the Peruvian region of Madre de Dios. This enhanced dry season extended over much of western Amazonia with severe societal impact; by October 2005, regional governments had declared states of emergency in Pando, Acre, and Amazonas, an area covering more than a million square kilometers. Whereas previous droughts could be linked to El Niño events [Williams et al., 2005; Marengo, 2004]], J. A. Marengo et al. (The drought of Amazonia in 2005, manuscript in preparation, 2006) suggest that this drought was not related to El Niño but was instead associated with anomalously warm surface water in the tropical North Atlantic, similar to a previous drought in 1963–1964.
Linking middle‐school teachers to EarthScope
Authors: Butler Robert , Bishop Ellen , Ault Charles , Atwater Brian , Magura Bonnie , Hedeen Chris , Blakely Richard , Wells Ray , Shay Karen , Wagner Rebecca , Southworth‐Neumeyer Travis , Connor Darci 
Published: October 2006

EarthScope is a multidisciplinary geophysical investigation of the structure and deformation of the North American continent. Components include a transportable array of digital seismometers (USArray) that will image the continental crust and underlying mantle, and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and strainmeters (Plate Boundary Observatory, PBO) that will measure tectonic and volcanic deformationsTranslating geophysics for kindergarten through 12th grade (K‐12) teachers and their students involves inviting them to explore new understandings of how Earth works. When they construct their understanding of Earth science through geophysical problem solving, these learners can engage in Earth‐Scope, which offers unprecedented public access to data from seismology and geodesy.
Council clarifies responsibilities of authors
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

At its 26 May 2006 meeting, Council approved a new definition for authorship in AGU publications. In recommending the change, the Publications Committee noted that it would provide researchers, particularly junior ones, with clearer guidance on what is expected of individuals who are named as authors. The revised statement, which is reproduced below, addresses questions that had come to the committee and recognizes recent expressions of concern about scientific integrity.“To protect the integrity of authorship, only individuals who have significantly contributed to the research and preparation of the article should be listed as authors. All of these coauthors share responsibility for submitted articles. While not all coauthors may be familiar with all aspects of the research presented in their article, each should have in place an appropriate process for reviewing the accuracy of the reported results. A deceased person who met the criteria described here may be designated as an author. The corresponding author accepts the responsibility of having included as authors all persons who meet these criteria for authorship and none who do not. Other contributors who do not meet the authorship criteria should be appropriately acknowledged in the article. The corresponding author also attests that all living coauthors have seen the final version of the article, agree with the major conclusions, and have agreed to its submission for publication.”
Climate warmer than in past 400 years, Panel confirms
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

The Earth's climate in the late twentieth century was the warmest in at least the last 400 years and likely the warmest in the last millennium, a U.S. National Research Council (NRC) panel confirmed in a 22 June report.“The committee finds it plausible that the Northern Hemisphere was warmer during the last few decades of the twentieth century than during any comparable time during the previous millennium,” said panel chair Gerald North, a geoscientist at Texas A&M University, College Station.
On “Avoiding the theory trap when discussing evolution”
Authors: Galvin Cyril 
Published: October 2006

David Morrison (Eos 87(9), 2006) points out that the word ‘theory’ means one thing to a scientist and another to a non‐scientist citizen. My comment shows that, historically, the two meanings of theory have been stable for at least the last two and a half centuries, and suggests that, philosophically, well‐established theory becomes provisional fact.Morrison discusses ‘theory’ in the context of its popular understanding in the phrase ‘theory of evolution,’ pointing out that contemporary U.S. citizens understand the word theory to mean a hunch or an unsubstantiated idea. Morrison considers the need for a new synonym for theory but wisely rejects that option. Instead, he recommends not using the word theory, but using ‘evolution’ rather than ‘theory of evolution,’ in the same way that geologists use ‘plate tectonics’ rather than ‘theory of plate tectonics.’
Report addresses future of geographic information science
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

The greatest challenge for the future of geographic information science (GIScience) is producing the large numbers of scientists and technicians that are needed to build on past progress, according to a 27 June report from the U.S. National Research Council of the National Academies.The report notes that GIScience and related technologies—such as geographic information systems, the global positioning system, and remote sensing—have become crucial to many areas of scientific research. However, the supply of GIScience professionals has not kept pace with the growing need for this type of data.
Developing an event stratigraphy for Australasian climate change
Authors: Shulmeister James , Turney Chris S. M. , Fink David , Newnham Rewi M. , Alloway Brent V. 
Published: October 2006

The last glacial‐interglacial transition in the Australasian region has been a focus of intense paleoclimate investigation for the past decade or so. This focus is due to the recognition of the southern midlatitudes as a key region to examine climate connections between the hemispheres during the late Pleistocene. That period, between 30,000 and 8000 years ago, was marked by extreme and rapid climatic change in the North Atlantic region. In particular, the Australasian region may be critical to examining the relative importance of atmospheric energy transfers versus deep ocean circulation effects.In February 2006, 32 members of the Australasian Integration of Ice, Marine and Terrestrial records (INTIMATE) program attended a two‐day workshop at the University of Auckland, in New Zealand.
Impact cratering in the solar system
Authors: Fishbaugh Kathryn , Pierazzo Elisabetta , Barlow Nadine 
Published: October 2006

Given that impact cratering is the most common geological process in the solar system, study of this topic provides an excellent means of interplanetary comparison. One can gain insight into the crustal properties of various solar system bodies, the population of asteroids and comets that potentially could cause impacts, and the varied ways in which impact cratering has influenced the geologic histories of the planets.The First International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System recently was held at the 40th ESLAB (European Space Laboratory) Symposium at the European Space Agency's European Space Research and Technology Centre, in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. About 150 participants from around the world came to discuss the latest understanding of and issues related to impact cratering in the solar system. The uniqueness of this conference lay in its broad scope, covering everything from the late heavy bombardment controversy to impact‐induced mass extinctions. Thus, the conference brought together many scientists of varying expertise who may otherwise have never interacted.
Ripple effect: Unforeseen applications of sand studies
Authors: Rubin David M. 
Published: October 2006

Sand ripples and their deposits are playing a crucial role in unraveling the history of flowing water on Mars, conducting experimental floods to restore beaches in the Grand Canyon, and improving the ability to detect explosive mines buried beneath the seafloor. Even the visionary geologists who discovered the origins of ripples and ripple stratification could never have imagined these future applications of their work.Sand ripples formed by blowing wind and flowing water have been studied for almost 150 years. This article briefly reviews some key discoveries in understanding ripples, reviews three studies that are currently utilizing ripples, and illustrates how simple fundamental discoveries have unexpected practical applications.
China Digital Seismic Network improves coverage and quality
Authors: Chen Qi‐Fu , Chen Yong , Li Li 
Published: October 2006

In less than a decade since the establishment of the China Digital Seismic Network (CSN),the CSN has provided a comprehensive database vital for several key advances in seismological research in China.These advances for the network—which is comprised of the China National Digital Seismograph Network (CNDSN) and a number of regional networks (see Figure 1 for geographical distribution)—include the determination of source parameters and focal mechanism and the study of earthquake rupture processes, Earth structure, and seismic anisotropy.Since 2003, an ongoing national project has been the upgrading and expansion of the CSN. When complete in 2007, the CSN will consist of more than 1000 permanent stations, including six seismic arrays and six volcano seismic networks. The expanded CSN will provide excellent opportunities for geodynamicists and seismologists to resolve the fine structures and complexity of the lithosphere and deeper mantle, and to quantify the kinematics and characterize the dynamics of faults in seismogenic systems. These are important research areas that can lead to important breakthroughs in the fundamental understanding of continental dynamics and earthquake mechanics.
Recent tsunami highlights need for warning system
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

A magnitude 7.7 earthquake off the coast of Java, Indonesia, on 17 July triggered a twometer high tsunami that killed at least 339 people, injured 600, and destroyed many structures, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.This destruction highlights the fact that, more than 18 months after the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the region still lacks a comprehensive warning system. However, by 2008 systems could be operational for Indonesia and the rest of the Indian Ocean region.
Myers pledges unbiased research at USGS
Authors: Zielinski Sarah 
Published: October 2006

Mark Myers, who has been nominated to be the next director of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), pledged to keep the agency's research unbiased and objective, at his 20 July confirmation hearing before the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.Myers has split his career between the petroleum industry and working for the state of Alaska, where he has served as director of the Division of Oil and Gas, and, most recently, discistate geologist and director of the Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys.
Concern over NASA mission statement changes
Authors: Zielinki Sarah 
Published: October 2006

U.S. Senators Susan Collins (R‐Maine) and Joseph Lieberman (D‐Conn.) expressed concern about a change in NASAs mission statement—which eliminated the phrase “to understand and protect the home planet”—in a 31 July letter to NASA Administrator Michael Griffin.“At a time in which evidence grows on an almost daily basis of the potentially severe impacts of climate change, we find it inexplicable that NASA apparently no longer views protecting and understanding our home planet as a priority” they wrote.
The impact of climate change in the American cordillera
Authors: Diaz Henry F. , Villalba Ricardo , Greenwood Gregory , Bradley Raymond S. 
Published: October 2006

The mountain regions comprising the western American Cordillera (from Alaska to southern Argentina and Chile) are especially vulnerable to changes in climate and to the ensuing changes in snowpack, streamflow, ecosystem functioning, and a host of other impacts on human and nonhuman systems. The effect of elevation on temperature and precipitation induces a compression of the typical meridional climatic gradients, causing changes in life zones—geographic regions or areas defined by their characteristic life forms, e.g., alpine, sub‐alpine, coniferous forests, and so forth—over relatively short distances.In mountain regions, relatively small perturbations in global processes can operate through the system to produce large local changes. Because mountains provide life‐sustaining water for people living there as well as in adjacent lowland regions, climatic and other environmental changes in the American Cordillera will have a large impact on the future well‐being of an area far larger than the mountain region itself.
Anti‐evolutionists lose in Kansas school board primary
Authors: Zielinki Sarah 
Published: October 2006

The Kansas science curriculum could change again next year after two state school board members who favored teaching alternatives to evolution lost primary elections on 1 August.The Kansas school board earlier this year had approved by a 6‐4 vote a new science curriculum that encouraged students to seek “more adequate explanations of natural phenomena” outside of evolution. However, half of the 10‐member board is up for re‐election this year. Two of the anti‐evolution school board members were defeated in the primary election, including Connie Morris who had described evolution as “an age‐old fairy tale” and “a nice bedtime story.”
Advanced National Seismic System delivers improved information
Authors: Sipkin Stuart A. , Filson John R. , Benz Harley M. , Wald David J. , Earle Paul S. 
Published: October 2006

The Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS),an initiative begun in 1998 to integrate, expand, and modernize seismic monitoring nationwide, is providing improvements in earthquake monitoring and in the development, production, and delivery of earthquake data, information, and science. The ANSS initiative is an element of the Earthquake Hazard Program (EHP) of the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS).The USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC),an integral part of ANSS, has incorporated into its routine operations many of the developments in data processing and data products supported by the ANSS. The four principal elements of ANSS monitoring operations are, in sequence: data collection, data processing, generation of data products, and product dissemination. This article describes the current status and new developments in each of these elements, and how they have affected NEIC capabilities.
Petascale computing for geosciences research
Authors: Bryan Frank 
Published: October 2006

A 2005 report describes the opportunities facilitated by, and the feasibility of, establishing a leadership‐class computing facility dedicated to geosciences research. A forthcoming workshop will focus on implementation of the vision outlined in this report.The geosciences research community has progressed significantly in its ability to monitor and model components of the Earth system, and now is poised to make significant breakthroughs in understanding the system as a whole. Computational simulation, along with theory and observation, has become established as a fundamental methodology for making progress in Earth system science. Increasingly, numerical simulations are not only tested by observations, but they also provide the first glimpses of new phenomena and quantitative characterization of complex processes. In turn, simulations inspire new theoretical investigations and observational strategies. For example, properties of complex minerals at temperatures and pressures inaccessible to laboratory measurements are beginning to be derived from first‐principles‐based computations with accuracies sufficient for direct input to Earth models.
Scientists call for immediate action to ease water scarcity
Authors: Kumar Mohi 
Published: October 2006

More than one third of the world's population currently faces water shortages, according to a report released 21 August as part of a broad assessment of 50 years of global water management practices.The report, “Water for Food, Water for Life: Insights from the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture,” highlights the findings of The Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, which includes contributions from more than 700 scientists and practitioners.
Second symposium on quantitative precipitation forecasting and hydrology
Authors: Gochis David J. , Davis Christopher A. 
Published: October 2006

Countless daily activities, ranging from economic to social to cultural to recreational, are influenced by expectations of whether or not it will rain and, if so, how much. Consequently, the affects of precipitation and hydrological forecasts have great influence on our livelihoods, and sometimes, in the case of extreme events, even life. Thus, the meteorological and hydrological communities face an urgent yet formidable joint challenge to improve the prediction of rainfall and subsequent flow of water on or beneath the ground.The emerging generation of atmospheric and hydrological forecasting tools, which operate at progressively finer spatial and temporal scales, appear to provide improved representation of many key physical processes, most notably those related to the initiation and upscale organization of atmospheric convection. As with atmospheric models, many hydrological modeling systems have evolved to a more physically based, explicit representation of runoff processes compared with their predecessors.
Special recognition for the Times‐Picayune
Authors: Leifert Harvey 
Published: October 2006

The Times‐Picayune, New Orleans' only daily newspaper, has justly been praised for the determination of its publisher and staff to keep publishing in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which occurred one year ago. Despite having to evacuate its building, which sustained serious damage, and despite the fact that many staff members lost their own homes to Katrina's storm surge and levee breaks, the paper never missed an issue—although for the first few days, it produced only its electronic edition. The paper demonstrated the highest standards of community service.At the 2006 Joint Assembly, AGU presented a special certificate of merit to The Times‐Picayune, but it was not for the paper's post‐Katrina tour de force. Rather, AGU stepped back and took note of all the paper had done to inform readers of crucial scientific and environmental issues that affect the well‐being of residents of New Orleans and southern Louisiana.
Congress trims NSF budget
Authors: Maggs William Ward 
Published: October 2006

The last‐minute spending bill adopted by Congress just before its 1987 holiday recess provides $1,717 billion for the National Science Foundation (NSF) for fiscal year (FY) 1988. The approved figure is more than 9% lower than the request in President Reagan's budget plan. In addition, wording in the House version of the bill that mandated protection of ocean science and women and minorities programs did not appear in the final product that was approved by Congress and signed into law.In absolute terms, NSF's budget will be 6% more than in 1987, far less than expected by the agency and the White House, which had proposed a doubling of NSF's budget over the next several years. The Research and Related Activities section of the budget, out of which comes the bulk of NSF's support of basic research, was funded at $1,453 billion, $200 million less than its $1,653 billion request, and the Antarctic Research section received $124.8 million of $143 million in the President's budget. Science Education, on the other hand, was budgeted for $139.2 million, $25 million more than requested.
Space station? Opinions
Authors: Spilhaus A. F. 
Published: October 2006

In the September 29, 1987, issue of Eos the intent of polling the AGU membership on the Space Station to obtain their views was announced and a statement on the station was published. Volunteered and solicited opinions on different aspects of the station were published in the November 10, 1987, Eos.For the poll itself, a questionnaire was sent to 1000 randomly selected AGU members in the United States. The response has been high, with about a third of the questionnaires having been returned as of December 16.
Origins of AGU publications
Authors: Heirtzler J. R. 
Published: October 2006

Publications are among AGU's main products, and for most AGU members, published papers are the goals of their scientific endeavors. While we have watched the numbers of published pages grow and the journals multiply, we have rarely studied other aspects of our publications in a statistical fashion. In an attempt to learn which groups financially support the research reported and to learn something about the authors, we examined the acknowledgments and authors' affiliations in each papers of AGU's seven scientific journals for the calendar year 1986.The source of funding was assumed to be the agency acknowledged in the paper. For each journal, we identified whether one of the U.S. government agencies, a U.S. university, a private U.S. group, or a non‐U.S. group provided the financial support. The results are shown in Table 1, where the body of the table shows the percentage of total acknowledgments for each journal.