bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custodial and perinatal care patterns of women who received prenatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system, 2014–2019
Authors: Zielinski Melissa J. , Smith Mollee Steely , Stahman Alleigh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The extraordinary growth in women’s incarceration over the past several decades has resulted in calls for expansion of research into their unique needs and experiences, including those related to pregnancy and perinatal care. However, while research into the health outcomes of women who are incarcerated while pregnant has grown, research on women’s custodial and perinatal care patterns has remained nearly non-existent. Here, we sought to describe (1) the characteristics of the population of women who came to be incarcerated in a state prison system during pregnancy and (2) the characteristics of women’s custodial and perinatal care patterns during and after incarceration.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of the population of women who received perinatal care while incarcerated in the Arkansas state prison system over a 5-year period from June 2014 to May 2019. Electronic medical records and state prison records were merged to form our study population. Data were from 212 women (Mage = 28.4 years; 75.0% non-Latina White) with a singleton pregnancy who received at least one obstetric care visit while incarcerated.

Results
Drug-related convictions were the most common crimes leading to women’s incarceration while pregnant, and violent crime convictions were rare. Nearly half (43.4%) of women who gave birth in custody did so within 90 days of admission and the great majority (80.4%) released within 1-year of giving birth, including 13.3% who released within 30 days.

Discussion
The frequency with which women who became incarcerated while pregnant released from prison either prior to or shortly after giving birth was a striking, novel finding of this study given the implications for perinatal care disruption among a high-risk population and the harms of forced separation from infants within hours of birth.

Conclusions
Diversionary programs for pregnant women convicted of crimes, particularly in states without current access, are urgently needed and should be a priority for future policy work.
Burdens and resources of Austrian clinical psychologists: results of a qualitative study two years into the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jesser Andrea , Steinböck Agnes , Pammer Barbara , Ghorab Tiam , Weber Magdalena , Schaffler Yvonne , Probst Thomas , Felnhofer Anna , Kothgassner Oswald D. , Pieh Christoph , Humer Elke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic increased the mental health burden in the general population, enhancing the demands placed on mental healthcare professionals.

Methods
This study aimed to assess the burdens and resources of clinical psychologists that emerged since the beginning of the pandemic. N = 172 Austrian clinical psychologists participated in a cross-sectional online survey between April and May 2022. The burdens and the sources of support that emerged during the pandemic were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Mental health-related issues were identified as the greatest burden, followed by work-related themes and restrictions imposed by the government to combat the spreading of the virus. The most important resources mentioned by the clinical psychologists were social contacts and recreational activities. Practising mindfulness and focusing on inner processes and work-related aspects were further important resources mentioned.

Conclusion
Overall, it seems that clinical psychologists have a high awareness of mental health-related problems related to the pandemic and use adaptive coping strategies to deal with them.
Effects of three prophylactic interventions on French middle-schoolers’ mental health: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vaillant-Coindard Eugénie , Briet Gaëtan , Lespiau Florence , Gisclard Béatrice , Charbonnier Elodie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdolescence is a strategic developmental stage in terms of preventing later difficulties and ensuring good mental health. Prophylactic interventions, which are conducted before the onset, prolongation, or worsening of difficulties, and aim to prevent or reduce symptoms or to promote wellbeing, therefore appear particularly appropriate for adolescents. However, existing prophylactic interventions conducted with adolescents have several weaknesses, including sparse theoretical frameworks, ambivalent evidence of their efficacy, and implementation and dissemination difficulties. In addition, no data are currently available on the effectiveness of such interventions in France. To fill this gap, a four-arm randomized controlled trial will be performed to assess the effectiveness of three prophylactic interventions targeting reactive, proactive and interpersonal adaptation in fourth-grade middle-school students, together with participants’ experience and perception of the interventions. Based on existing knowledge about adolescents, their learning mechanisms, and field constraints, these three interventions have been designed to promote their learning and receptiveness to interventions. Compared with baseline (i.e., before the intervention), we expect to observe a significant decrease in the level of distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms, functional impairment, and psychosocial difficulties) and a significant increase in the level of wellbeing after the intervention, across the three intervention groups, but not in the control group. In addition, we expect to observe post-intervention improvements in the processes targeted by the reactive adaptation intervention (operationalized as coping strategy use and flexibility), those targeted by the proactive adaptation intervention (operationalized as the tendency to engage in committed actions and general self-efficacy), and those targeted by the interpersonal adaptation intervention (operationalized as assertiveness in interactions), but only in the corresponding groups, with no change in any of these processes in the control group. The results of this research will not only enrich our knowledge of the processes involved in adolescents’ distress and wellbeing, but also provide clues as to the best targets for intervention. Moreover, the material for these interventions will be freely available in French on request to the corresponding author, providing access to innovative and fully assessed interventions aimed at promoting adolescents’ mental health in France.This clinical trial is currently being registered under no. 2023-A01973-42 on https://ansm.sante.fr/. This is the first version of the protocol.
Enhancing academic performance prediction with temporal graph networks for massive open online courses
Authors: Huang Qionghao , Chen Jili 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEducational big data significantly impacts education, and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), a crucial learning approach, have evolved to be more intelligent with these technologies. Deep neural networks have significantly advanced the crucial task within MOOCs, predicting student academic performance. However, most deep learning-based methods usually ignore the temporal information and interaction behaviors during the learning activities, which can effectively enhance the model’s predictive accuracy. To tackle this, we formulate the learning processes of e-learning students as dynamic temporal graphs to encode the temporal information and interaction behaviors during their studying. We propose a novel academic performance prediction model (APP-TGN) based on temporal graph neural networks. Specifically, in APP-TGN, a dynamic graph is constructed from online learning activity logs. A temporal graph network with low-high filters learns potential academic performance variations encoded in dynamic graphs. Furthermore, a global sampling module is developed to mitigate the problem of false correlations in deep learning-based models. Finally, multi-head attention is utilized for predicting academic outcomes. Extensive experiments are conducted on a well-known public dataset. The experimental results indicate that APP-TGN significantly surpasses existing methods and demonstrates excellent potential in automated feedback and personalized learning.
Streamlining hyperparameter optimization for radiation emulator training with automated Sherpa
Authors: Roh Soonyoung , Kim Park Sa , Song Hwan-Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the optimal configuration for neural network (NN) emulators in numerical weather prediction, minimizing trial and error by comparing emulator performance across multiple hidden layers (1–5 layers), as automatically defined by the Sherpa library. Our findings revealed that Sherpa-applied emulators consistently demonstrated good results and stable performance with low errors in numerical simulations. The optimal configurations were observed with one and two hidden layers, improving results when two hidden layers were employed. The Sherpa-defined average neurons per hidden layer ranged between 153 and 440, resulting in a speedup relative to the CNT of 7–12 times. These results provide valuable insights for developing radiative physical NN emulators. Utilizing automatically determined hyperparameters can effectively reduce trial-and-error processes while maintaining stable outcomes. However, further experimentation is needed to establish the most suitable hyperparameter values that balance both speed and accuracy, as this study did not identify optimized values for all hyperparameters.
Separation of microalgae from bacterial contaminants using spiral microchannel in the presence of a chemoattractant
Authors: Ngum Leticia F. , Matsushita Y. , El-Mashtoly Samir F. , Fath El-Bab Ahmed M. R. , Abdel-Mawgood Ahmed L 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell separation using microfluidics has become an effective method to isolate biological contaminants from bodily fluids and cell cultures, such as isolating bacteria contaminants from microalgae cultures and isolating bacteria contaminants from white blood cells. In this study, bacterial cells were used as a model contaminant in microalgae culture in a passive microfluidics device, which relies on hydrodynamic forces to demonstrate the separation of microalgae from bacteria contaminants in U and W-shaped cross-section spiral microchannel fabricated by defocusing CO2 laser ablation. At a flow rate of 0.7 ml/min in the presence of glycine as bacteria chemoattractant, the spiral microfluidics devices with U and W-shaped cross-sections were able to isolate microalgae (Desmodesmus sp.) from bacteria (E. coli) with a high separation efficiency of 92% and 96% respectively. At the same flow rate, in the absence of glycine, the separation efficiency of microalgae for U- and W-shaped cross-sections was 91% and 96%, respectively. It was found that the spiral microchannel device with a W-shaped cross-section with a barrier in the center of the channel showed significantly higher separation efficiency. Spiral microchannel chips with U- or W-shaped cross-sections were easy to fabricate and exhibited high throughput. With these advantages, these devices could be widely applicable to other cell separation applications, such as separating circulating tumor cells from blood.
Graphical Abstract
Cost-Effectiveness of Treatments for Musculoskeletal Conditions Offered by Physiotherapists: A Systematic Review of Trial-Based Evaluations
Authors: Baumbach Linda , Feddern Wiebke , Kretzler Benedikt , Hajek André , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal conditions are a leading contributor to disability worldwide. The treatment of these conditions accounts for 7% of health care costs in Germany and is often provided by physiotherapists. Yet, an overview of the cost-effectiveness of treatments for musculoskeletal conditions offered by physiotherapists is missing. This review aims to provide an overview of full economic evaluations of interventions for musculoskeletal conditions offered by physiotherapists.

Methods
We systematically searched for publications in Medline, EconLit, and NHS-EED. Title and abstracts, followed by full texts were screened independently by two authors. We included trial-based full economic evaluations of physiotherapeutic interventions for patients with musculoskeletal conditions and allowed any control group. We extracted participants' information, the setting, the intervention, and details on the economic analyses. We evaluated the quality of the included articles with the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.

Results
We identified 5141 eligible publications and included 83 articles. The articles were based on 78 clinical trials. They addressed conditions of the spine (n = 39), the upper limb (n = 8), the lower limb (n = 30), and some other conditions (n = 6). The most investigated conditions were low back pain (n = 25) and knee and hip osteoarthritis (n = 16). The articles involved 69 comparisons between physiotherapeutic interventions (in which we defined primary interventions) and 81 comparisons in which only one intervention was offered by a physiotherapist. Physiotherapeutic interventions compared to those provided by other health professionals were cheaper and more effective in 43% (18/42) of the comparisons. Ten percent (4/42) of the interventions were dominated. The overall quality of the articles was high. However, the description of delivered interventions varied widely and often lacked details. This limited fair treatment comparisons.

Conclusions
High-quality evidence was found for physiotherapeutic interventions to be cost-effective, but the result depends on the patient group, intervention, and control arm. Treatments of knee and back conditions were primarily investigated, highlighting a need for physiotherapeutic cost-effectiveness analyses of less often investigated joints and conditions. The documentation of provided interventions needs improvement to enable clinicians and stakeholders to fairly compare interventions and ultimately adopt cost-effective treatments.
Zoledronate After Denosumab Discontinuation: Is Repeated Administrations More Effective Than Single Infusion?
Authors: Grassi Giorgia , Ghielmetti Alberto , Zampogna Marta , Chiodini Iacopo , Arosio Maura , Mantovani Giovanna , Eller-Vainicher Cristina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
After denosumab (Dmab) discontinuation C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels increase, bone mineral density (BMD) decreases and multiple vertebral fractures (FX) may occur with relevant impacts on women's health. A sequential therapy with bisphosphonates is recommended, and the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) proposed repeated zoledronate (ZOL) administrations in patients with persistently high CTX levels, although the efficacy of this schedule is unknown. In this retrospective study, we describe BMD changes and FX rate in 52 patients managed according to the ECTS recommendations.

Methods
We measured CTX levels and administered ZOL after 1 month from Dmab withdrawal (t0). After 6 months (t1), we administered a second ZOL infusion, if CTX levels were ≥280 ng/L. BMD changes and FX rate were assessed on average after 17 months from Dmab withdrawal.

Results
Seventy-five percent of patients repeated ZOL infusion. In this group, spine BMD declined significantly (−5.5 ± 5.6%), while it remained stable in the group with CTX levels &lt;280 ng/L (−0.1 ± 5.5%, P = 0.008). All fractured patients (9.6%) had received &gt;5 Dmab injections and 2 ZOL infusions. The BMD worsening after Dmab withdrawal was associated with CTX t1 [odds ratio (OR) 2.9, interquartile range (IQR) 1.3-6.6, P = .009] and spine BMD gain during Dmab therapy corrected for the number of Dmab injections (OR 3.0, IQR 1.2-7.2, P = .014). A CTX level at t1 &gt; 212 ng/L had 100% sensitivity in predicting the BMD loss.

Conclusion
In patients with uncontrolled CTX levels after Dmab withdrawal, 2 ZOL infusions 6 months apart do not prevent BMD loss and FX.
Impact of Distinct Antiandrogen Exposures on the Plasma Metabolome in Feminizing Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy
Authors: Shepherd Rebecca , Angus Lachlan M , Mansell Toby , Arman Bridget , Kim Bo Won , Lange Katherine , Burgner David , Kerr Jessica A , Pang Ken , Zajac Jeffrey D , Saffery Richard , Cheung Ada , Novakovic Boris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractContextThe plasma metabolome is a functional readout of metabolic activity and is associated with phenotypes exhibiting sexual dimorphism, such as cardiovascular disease. Sex hormones are thought to play a key role in driving sexual dimorphism.ObjectiveGender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is a cornerstone of transgender care, but longitudinal changes in the plasma metabolome with feminizing GAHT have not been described.MethodsBlood samples were collected at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of GAHT from transgender women (n = 53). Participants were randomized to different anti-androgens, cyproterone acetate or spironolactone. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics was used to measure 249 metabolic biomarkers in plasma. Additionally, we used metabolic biomarker data from an unrelated cohort of children and their parents (n = 3748) to identify sex- and age-related metabolite patterns.ResultsWe identified 43 metabolic biomarkers altered after 6 months in both anti-androgen groups, most belonging to the very low- or low-density lipoprotein subclasses, with all but 1 showing a decrease. We observed a cyproterone acetate-specific decrease in glutamine, glycine, and alanine levels. Notably, of the metabolic biomarkers exhibiting the most abundant “sex- and age-related” pattern (higher in assigned female children and lower in assigned female adults, relative to assigned males), 80% were significantly lowered after GAHT, reflecting a shift toward the adult female profile.ConclusionOur results suggest an anti-atherogenic signature in the plasma metabolome after the first 6 months of feminizing GAHT, with cyproterone acetate also reducing specific plasma amino acids. This study provides novel insight into the metabolic changes occurring across feminizing GAHT.
Personalized Noninvasive Diagnostic Algorithms Based on Urinary Free Cortisol in ACTH-dependant Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Lavoillotte Julie , Mohammedi Kamel , Salenave Sylvie , Furnica Raluca Maria , Maiter Dominique , Chanson Philippe , Young Jacques , Tabarin Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Current guidelines for distinguishing Cushing's disease (CD) from ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS) are questionable, as they use pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first-line investigation for all patients. CRH testing is no longer available, and they suggest performing inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPPS), an invasive and rarely available investigation, in many patients.

Objective
To establish noninvasive personalized diagnostic strategies based on the probability of EAS estimated from simple baseline parameters.

Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
University hospitals.

Patients
Two hundred forty-seven CD and 36 EAS patients evaluated between 2001 and 2023 in 2 French hospitals. A single-center cohort of 105 Belgian patients served as external validation.

Results
Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for discrimination of CD from EAS (.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), .92-.99] in the primary study and .99 [95% CI, .98-1.00] in the validation cohort). The addition of clinical, imaging, and biochemical parameters did not improve EAS prediction over UFC alone, with only BIPPS showing a modest improvement (C-statistic index .99 [95% CI, .97-1.00]). Three groups were defined based on baseline UFC: &lt; 3 (group 1), 3-10 (group 2), and &gt; 10 × the upper limit of normal (group 3), and they were associated with 0%, 6.1%, and 66.7% prevalence of EAS, respectively. Diagnostic approaches performed in our cohort support the use of pituitary MRI alone in group 1, MRI first followed by neck-to-pelvis computed tomography scan (npCT) when negative in group 2, and npCT first followed by pituitary MRI when negative in group 3. When not combined with the CRH test, the desmopressin test has limited diagnostic value.

Conclusion
UFC accurately predicts EAS and can serve to define personalized and noninvasive diagnostic algorithms.
LDL-C and TC Mediate the Risk of PNPLA3 Inhibition in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Zhang Genshan , Jiang Wei , He Fangxun , Fu Jie , Xu Xiangshang , Luo Xuelai , Cao Zhixin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
PNPLA3 is a promising target for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. ARO-PNPLA3 is a drug that efficiently lowers PNPLA3 expression in hepatocytes at the mRNA level, resulting in a significant reduction in liver fat in Phase I clinical trials. However, the long-term effects and potential side effects of ARO-PNPLA3 are not well understood.

Objective
We conducted a 2-sample, 2-step Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the association between PNPLA3 inhibition and 10 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as the role of lipid traits as mediators.

Methods
We identified genetic variants near the PNPLA3 gene, which are linked to liver fat percentage, as instrumental variables for inhibiting PNPLA3. Additionally, positive control analyses on liver diseases were conducted to validate the selection of the genetic instruments.

Results
Genetically predicted PNPLA3 inhibition significantly increased the risk of coronary atherosclerosis (1.14, 95% CI 1.06, 1.23), coronary heart disease (1.14, 95% CI 1.08, 1.21), and myocardial infarction (1.16, 95% CI 1.08, 1.26). Suggestive associations were observed for increased risk of heart failure (1.09, 95% CI 1.02, 1.17, P = .0143) and atrial fibrillation (1.17, 95% CI 1.00, 1.36, P = .0468). Blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) mediated approximately 16% to 25%, 16% to 30%, and 14% to 22% of the associations between PNPLA3 inhibition and coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary heart disease, respectively.

Conclusion
This study suggests that PNPLA3 inhibition increases the risk of major CVDs. Moreover, blood LDL-C and TC may mediate a significant proportion of the associations between PNPLA3 inhibition and coronary atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, or myocardial infarction.