bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐house validation of a liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for confirmation of chloramphenicol residues in muscle according to Decision 2002/657/EC
Authors: Vinci Floriana , Guadagnuolo Grazia , Danese Vincenzo , Salini Marco , Serpe Luigi , Gallo Pasquale 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this work we present an in‐house validation study for the confirmatory analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) in muscle according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. CAP is extracted in acetonitrile and after liquid‐liquid partitioning with n‐hexane is identified and quantitatively determined by ion trap liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) analysis in the negative ion mode. CAP was identified using the precursor ion and at least two product ions, meeting the qualitative and quantitative criteria set by the European Commission in the Decision 2002/657/EC for confirmation of prohibited veterinary drug residues. We calculated mean drug recoveries, CCα and CCβ of the method, and reported data on specificity, ruggedness and within‐laboratory reproducibility. Finally, we point out and discuss some problems and questions arising from controversy about the application of Decision 2002/657/EC. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiation of isobaric compounds using chemical ionization reaction mass spectrometry
Authors: Wyche Kevin P. , Blake Robert S. , Willis Kerry A. , Monks Paul S. , Ellis Andrew M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe technique of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) couples a proton transfer reagent, usually H3O+, with a drift tube and mass spectrometer to determine concentrations of volatile organic compounds. Here we describe a first attempt to use chemical ionization (CI) reagents other than proton transfer species inside a PTR‐MS instrument. The ability to switch to other types of CI reagents provides an extra dimension to the technique. This capability is demonstrated by focusing on the ability to distinguish several isobaric aldehydes and ketones, including the atmospherically important molecules methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. Two CI reagents were selected, H3O+ and NO+, both being cleanly generated in a low intensity radioactive source prior to injection into the drift tube. By recording spectra with both of these reagents, the contributions from different isobaric molecules can be separated by virtue of their unique spectrometric ‘fingerprints’. The work demonstrates that this form of instrumentation is not restricted to proton transfer reagents and is the basis of a more general technique, chemical ionization reaction mass spectrometry (CIRMS). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyses of Bering Sea bottom-trawl surveys in Norton Sound: absence of regime shift effect on epifauna and demersal fish
Authors: Hamazaki Toshihide , Fair Lowell , Watson Leslie , Brennan Elisabeth 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This study retrospectively examined evidence of ocean climate regime shift effects on epifauna and demersal fish of Norton Sound, Alaska, northeast Bering Sea, based on triennial bottom-trawl surveys from 1976 to 2002. Throughout the period, benthic fauna was dominated by sea stars (48–78%), followed by cods (5–19%), flatfish (5–15%), sculpins (1.5–7%), and crabs (2–6%). From 1976 to 2002, the cpue index of total species increased exponentially (4.5% y−1) by threefold with some declines in 1991 and 1999. The increase was also observed in sea stars (5.1% y−1), flatfish (6.1% y−1), and crabs (2.5% y−1). However, trends of cods and sculpins were mixed. Regression analysis showed the cpue index of total species to be positively correlated with survey years and bottom-water temperature. However, bottom-water temperature, when considered by itself, was not significant. Results suggest that regime shifts caused biomass increases of Norton Sound epifauna and demersal fish.
In situ target-strength measurement of young hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Zhao Xianyong 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The target strength of hairtail (Trichiurus haumela) in the Yellow Sea was measured in situ with a 38 kHz, split-beam echosounder on 2 January 2001. The fish measured were of the 2000 year class, its anal length ranged from 62 to 115 mm, with a mean of 89.8 mm. The mean target strength of these young hairtail was estimated to be −49.2 dB, with a 95% confidence interval of (−49.4, −49.0) dB. This provided a rare and useful reference for the acoustic-abundance estimation of hairtail.
Antimicrobial Therapy for Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Azithromycin vs Placebo
Authors: Don Debra M. , Goldstein Nira A. , Crockett Dennis M. , Ward Sally Davidson 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:Multiple clinical trials demonstrate the value of administering antibiotics for recurrent tonsillitis. However, there is no consensus as to the role of antibiotics in the management of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It has been suggested that antibiotics may reduce adenotonsillar size, improve obstructive symptoms, and obviate the need for surgery. The goal of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a broad‐spectrum antibiotic in the management of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and OSA.METHODS:Twenty‐two children ages 2 through 12, with evidence of OSA, were enrolled in this double‐blinded, prospective clinical trial. Children were randomly assigned into 1 of 2 groups. Group I received azithromycin for a 30‐day period (12 mg/kg on days 1‐5; the regimen was repeated on days 11‐15 and days 21‐25). Group II received a placebo administered in the same regimen for a 30‐day period. Overnight polysomnography was performed before and within 2 weeks after drug administration.RESULTS:Polysomnographic indices of OSA severity appear to indicate an improvement in the antibiotic as compared to the placebo group, but a comparison of mean ± standard error for each parameter failed to demonstrate statistical significance using the paired t test. Only 1 of 11 (9%) children had normalization of their polysomnographic parameters.CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that a course of a broad‐spectrum antibiotic may be effective in temporarily improving OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy, but does not appear to obviate the need for surgery.
Quality of Life after Adenotonsillectomy for SDB in Children
Authors: Mitchell Ron B. , Kelly James 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the relationship between quality of life and the relative severity of sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) and to compare changes in quality of life after adenotonsillectomy in children with similar demographics but with either obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) or with milder forms of SDB.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:All study participants underwent polysomnography to document the severity of SDB. The effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy for the relief of SDB was evaluated by using the OSA‐18 quality of life survey (OSA‐18). Preoperative and postoperative OSA‐18 scores for each group of children (OSAS and mild SDB) were compared by using a repeated measures ANOVA. Changes between the 2 groups were compared by using an analysis of covariance with the preoperative score as a covariate.RESULTS:The study population included 61 children, 43 with OSAS and 18 with mild SDB. The demographics in the 2 groups were similar. The mean apnea‐hypopnea index for children with OSAS was 21 (range, 5‐46), and for children with mild SDB, it was 3 (range 0‐4.9). The total OSA‐18 score and the scores for all domains showed significant improvement after surgery for both groups of children (P <. 001). A comparison of mean difference in total and domain scores for the 2 groups of children was not significant.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE:Preoperative values for the OSA‐18 total and domain scores are high in children with either OSAS or mild SDB. Both groups of children show a dramatic improvement in quality of life after adenotonsillectomy and the degree of improvement is similar. Fortunately, surgical therapy with adenotonsillectomy is associated with marked improvement in quality of life for children with either OSAS or mild SDB.
Powered Instrumentation in the Treatment of Tracheal Granulation Tissue for Decannulation
Authors: Fang Tuan‐Jen , Lee LI‐Ang , Li Hsueh‐Yu 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the outcomes of powered instrumentation tracheal surgery (PITS) in patients with tracheal granulation tissue following tracheostomy that caused or exacerbated airway obstruction and impeded decannulation.STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective case review.METHODS:Sixteen patients that accepted PITS for decannulation from tracheal granulation tissue were reviewed. The surgical procedure was performed with the assistance telescope connected to a television monitoring system. The success of PITS was defined as a decannulation for 3 months without a recurrence of airway obstruction.RESULTS:The average operation time was 34 minutes. No complication was met in the perioperative period. Fourteen cases (87.5%) were successfully decannulated within 3 days following PITS. The 2 cases that failed successful decannulation had undergone insertion of a tracheal stent for their hindered tracheal stenosis.CONCLUSIONS:The preliminary results reveal that the new operation modality, PITS, is a safe and simple method for the treatment of tracheal granulation tissue and could be a useful alternative for benign tracheal lesions.
Combination Docetaxel plus Vitamin D3 as an Immune Therapy in Animals Bearing Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Young M.I. Rita , Lathers Deanne M. R. 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:Background tumor growth results in the mobilization of immune inhibitory CD34+ progenitor cells. However, vitamin D3 can differentiate the CD34+ cells into immune stimulatory dendritic cells. This study determined if docetaxel treatment could increase the impact of the vitamin D3 to generate dendritic cells.METHODS:The murine squamous cell carcinoma model, SCC VII/SF, which is often used as a head and neck cancer model, was used to determine the immunological effects of two cycles of docetaxel plus vitamin D3.RESULTS:Vitamin D3 with or without docetaxel was similarly effective in reducing CD34+ cell levels within the spleen, lymph nodes, and tumor. Dendritic cell levels were similarly enhanced in the lymph nodes by vitamin D3 alone or combined with docetaxel. However, the combination treatment caused a prominent increase in intratumoral levels of active T cells, which was not observed by the individual treatments.CONCLUSION:Incorporating docetaxel treatment with vitamin D3 differentiation‐inducing treatment enhances intratumoral immune responsiveness.
Surgical Treatment of Retraction Pocket with Bone Pate: Scutum Plasty for Cholesteatoma
Authors: Hinohira Yasuyuki , Yanagihara Naoaki , Gyo Kiyofumi 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVES:Postoperative attic retraction pocket is a critical issue and may be indicative of disease recurrence after canal‐up tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma. Although scutum plasty is an acceptable procedure that can be used to prevent the pocket formation, how the scutum is reconstructed has remained controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the value of scutum plasty using bone pate.STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective study.SETTING:Bone pate scutum plasty was performed in 69 ears during first‐stage operations. We attempted to reconstruct a smooth attic bony wall. At the time of the second‐stage operations, the results of the scutum plasty were examined.RESULTS:The incidence of retraction pocket was statistically reduced from 20.2% to 5.8%.CONCLUSION:Although the reconstructed scutum showed atrophy to some extent, bone pate scutum plasty is effective in preventing postoperative retraction pocket if a smoothly shaped attic wall can be reconstructed.
Awareness of General Practitioners towards Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A British Survey
Authors: Karkos P.D. , Thomas L. , Temple R.H. , Issing W.J. 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:Patients with acid reflux can occasionally present with atypical symptoms such as globus pharyngeus, constant throat clearing, chronic cough, hoarseness, catarrh, choking episodes or asthma‐like symptoms. The aim of this survey was to determine whether general practitioners are aware of the atypical manifestations of reflux and the differences in treatment between laryngopharyngeal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux.DESIGN:Questionnaire Survey.SETTING:Primary CareRESULTS:One hundred and sixty general practitioners who routinely refer patients to our Department of Otolaryngology were selected and a postal survey was conducted. One hundred and fifty of these responded (94% response rate). The commonest symptoms for which proton pump inhibitors are prescribed are heartburn (65%), followed by a combination of heartburn and other symptoms (15%), chronic cough (4%), choking episodes (4%), asthmalike symptoms (3%), hoarseness (2%), globus (2%), catarrh (1%), dysphagia (1.5%), frequent throat clearing (1.5%), halitosis and/or bitter taste (1%).CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that the majority of the general practitioners surveyed are unaware of the entity laryngopharyngeal reflux or reflux symptom index. More awareness is required in the primary care setting for early recognition of patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux.
Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Obliteration: A New Technique for the Treatment of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis
Authors: Ung Feodor , Sindwani Raj , Metson Ralph 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVES:Patients who fail endoscopic drainage procedures for chronic frontal sinusitis often require obliteration of the frontal sinus with abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an endoscopic technique for frontal sinus obliteration.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Retrospective case‐control. Thirty‐five patients underwent frontal sinus obliteration using either an endoscopic (n = 10) or conventional osteoplastic flap (n = 25) technique from 1994 to 2004 at an academic medical center.RESULTS:Patients undergoing endoscopic obliteration had less blood loss (P = 0.006), decreased operative time (P = 0.016), and a shorter hospital stay (P = 0.003) compared to osteoplastic control subjects. All 3 surgical complications occurred in the control group. No patients required additional surgery for frontal sinusitis.CONCLUSIONS:The endoscopic approach to frontal sinus obliteration appears to reduce patient morbidity and should be considered in the surgical management of advanced frontal sinus disease.SIGNIFICANCE:This is the first report of a minimally‐invasive technique for frontal sinus obliteration.
The Effects of Previously Acquired Skills on Sinus Surgery Simulator Performance
Authors: Glaser Aylon Y. , Hall Charles B. , Uribe Jose I.S. , Fried Marvin P. 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:The Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Simulator is currently being studied as a tool for otolaryngology resident training. While examining performance patterns on the simulator, we sought to define any relationships that may exist between students' previously acquired skills and their performance on the simulator.METHODS:Twenty‐six medical students were enrolled in our study. After completing their trials, they were asked to complete a 28‐item questionnaire. This questionnaire included yes/no questions as well as 10‐point Likert scale instruments.RESULTS:Only 4 students did not respond to the questionnaire. Significant contributions to simulator performance were elucidated for a number of previously learned skills, but most were short‐lived. For example, experienced video gamers were significantly better at hazard avoidance in the simulator's novice mode (P =. 03), but their advantage dissipated as they advanced to intermediate mode trials. In addition, students' handedness contributed to simulator performance for only the first 3 trials (P =. 04), but this relationship, too, was no longer statistically significant in later trials.CONCLUSIONS:Some study students had skills and characteristics that significantly aided them in their ability to perform surgery on the simulator. However, these benefits were short‐lived, and these results suggest that practicing plays a more important and long‐standing role than other factors in surgical simulator performance. It follows that surgical simulation should play a more prominent role in surgical education because residents who practice on simulators such as this are, in turn, practicing for the reality of the operating room.
Does Increased Electrocautery during Adenoidectomy Lead to Neck Pain?
Authors: Henry Lakeisha R. , Gal Thomas J. , Mair Eric A. 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVES:The objective was to assess the impact of electrocautery on complications in adenoidectomy. We sought to quantify cautery‐related temperature changes in prevertebral fascia that may occur during the procedure, retrospectively evaluate the incidence of cautery‐related complications, and prospectively assess the role of cautery in postoperative neck pain.METHODS:Three consecutive related trials were performed. Initially, adenoidectomy was performed on 20 fresh cadavers, using a thermister to evaluate temperature changes in the prevertebral fascia after electrocautery (30 watts over a 30‐second period). Next, retrospective analysis of adenoidectomy complications in 1206 children over a 5‐year period was performed. Based on these findings, a prospective study of the incidence of neck pain following adenoidectomy was performed in a cohort of 276 children. Adenoidectomy technique, wattage, and duration of electro‐cautery were recorded for each child. Children with significant neck pain were evaluated with MRI.RESULTS:Peak thermister readings averaged 74°C, for a mean change of 51.8°C. Complications observed in retrospective analysis included neck pain (3), Grisel's syndrome (1), prolonged velopharyngeal insufficiency (1), retropharyngeal edema (1), and severe nasopharyngeal stenosis (1). The incidence of neck pain in the prospective study was 12% (33 pts), and was independent of adenoidectomy technique, cautery wattage, or duration of cautery use. MRIs revealed edema without abscess.CONCLUSIONS:Cautery can result in substantial temperature changes in the surgical adenoid bed. Despite this, the incidence of complications, specifically neck pain, associated with adenoidectomy is low, although underreported. Complications appear to be independent of adenoidectomy technique and cautery use.
Beef, Pork, and Milk Allergy (Cross Reactivity with Each Other and Pet Allergies)
Authors: Mamikoglu Bulent 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this study were to examine milk allergic patients to determine concomitant reactivity between milk, beef, pork and cat and dog dander and other common inhalant allergens.METHODS:19 patients were selected according to their Immuno‐CAP results, which had increased Ig‐E levels against milk, pork or beef. Patients were also tested against Johnson grass, short ragweed, cat/dog dander and d. farina.RESULTS:Pearson's test revealed strong correlation between beef and pork, beef and milk, pork and milk Ig‐E counts (consecutively r2 = 0.89, r2 = 0.81, r2 = 0.60 and p < 0.01. All cat allergic patients also appeared to be allergic to either beef/pork meat or milk. The correlation between pork and dog dander Ig‐E counts was also significant (r2 = 0.38, p < 0.01). No correlation detected between milk‐meat‐pet and grass‐weed‐dust allergies.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:Patients who are known to have pet allergies may need to be screened for meat and milk allergy. Milk allergic patients may also need to avoid cows and pork meat.
Optimal Duration of Allergic Rhinitis Clinical Trials
Authors: Krouse John H. , Roland Peter S. , Marple Bradley F. , Wall G. Michael , Hannley Maureen , Golla Suman , Hunsaker Darrell 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:Guidelines have been published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) for the conduct of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) studies. These guidelines have differences regarding the duration of such trials: the FDA suggests 2 weeks for SAR and 4 weeks for PAR but the EMEA suggests 2 to 4 weeks for SAR and 6 to 12 weeks for PAR trials. In the interest of global harmonization, it would be desirable to have a uniform duration of such trials so that investigators, internationally, would be able to readily compare results for various types of treatments based on a single standard. Therefore, we performed an evidence‐based review to answer the clinical question, What is the optimal duration for SAR and PAR clinical trials?METHODS:We performed a MEDLINE search of the published literature from 1995 to the present. We used appropriate search terms, such as allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic rhinitis, SAR, and PAR, to identify pertinent articles. These articles were reviewed and graded according to the evidence quality.RESULTS:After an initial screening of more than 300 articles, 138 articles were analyzed thoroughly. No study specifically addressed the question of the optimal duration of SAR or PAR clinical trials.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that the current FDA (draft) guidelines calling for a study length of 2 weeks for the assessment of drug efficacy for SAR and 4 weeks for the study of drug efficacy in PAR are appropriate and that longer study periods are not likely to add meaningfully to the assessment of drug efficacy.
A Prospective Randomized Single‐Blind Trial Comparing Ultrasonic Scalpel Tonsillectomy with Tonsillectomy by Blunt Dissection in a Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Oko Michael O. , Ganly Ian , Loughran Sean , Clement W. Andrew , Young David , Geddes Neil K. 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE:To determine if there was a difference in postoperative pain and dietary intake when comparing ultrasonic scalpel (US) with blunt dissection tonsillectomy (BD) in children.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A prospective single‐blind randomized controlled trial comparing US and BD tonsillectomy in children aged between 5 and 13 years who undergo tonsillectomy for recurrent acute tonsillitis in a specialized pediatric hospital.RESULTS:One hundred and twenty‐two children were enrolled. Ninety‐three (76%) patients completed dietary and pain scales. Pain was significantly greater in the US group on postoperative days 1 and 3 (P = 0.0466, P = 0.0084) and overall (P = 0.0003). Dietary intake scores were significantly better in the US group on days 1, 5, 7, and 9, however, these scores were inconsistent with dietary intake scores declining in both groups throughout the study. Blood loss was statistically significantly greater in the BD group (33.1 ml vs 3.0 ml, P < 0.0001). There were no significant differences for all other observed outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:US tonsillectomy causes significantly more pain overall and on postoperative days 1 and 3 when compared to BD tonsillectomy. US tonsillectomy causes less intraoperative blood loss, the clinical significance of which is questionable.SIGNIFICANCE:US tonsillectomy appears to cause more postoperative pain than BD tonsillectomy in children aged 5 to 13 years undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent acute tonsillitis.