bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Androgen Receptor Negatively Regulates the Expression of c-Met: Implications for a Novel Mechanism of Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Verras Meletios , Lee Jane , Xue Hui , Li Tzu-Huey , Wang Yuzhuo , Sun Zijie 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The precise molecular mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells progress from androgen-sensitive to androgen-insensitive status still remain largely unclear. The hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth, cell motility, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis. The aberrant expression of HGF/SF and its receptor, c-Met, often correlates with poor prognosis in a variety of human malignancies, including prostate cancer. Here, we investigate a potential link between androgen signaling and c-Met expression in prostate cancer cells. First, we showed that the androgen receptor (AR) represses the expression of c-Met in a ligand-dependent manner. Using different c-Met promoter/reporter constructs, we identified that Sp1 induces the transcription of c-Met and that AR can repress the Sp1-induced transcription in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, the data from electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that AR interferes with the interaction between Sp1 and the functional Sp1 binding site within the c-Met promoter. Furthermore, we tested the effect of AR on c-Met expression in an androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line, CWR22Rv1. Finally, the repressive role of androgen signaling on c-Met expression was confirmed in prostate cancer xenografts. The above data indicate a dual role of AR in transcriptional regulation. Although the current androgen ablation therapy can repress the expression of growth-promoting genes that are activated by the AR, it may also attenuate the repressive role of AR on c-Met expression. Therefore, the therapeutic strategies to inhibit the activation of the HGF/c-Met pathway may be of benefit when combined with current androgen ablation treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):967–75]
TSP50 Encodes a Testis-Specific Protease and Is Negatively Regulated by p53
Authors: Xu Haopeng , Shan Jidong , Jurukovski Vladimir , Yuan Liming , Li Jianhua , Tian Kegui 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Earlier studies suggested that TSP50 is a testis-specific gene that encodes a protein, which is homologous to serine proteases but differs in that threonine replaces serine in its catalytic triad. Most importantly, it was abnormally reactivated in many breast cancer biopsies tested. While further investigating its biochemical and cell biological natures, we found that TSP50 exhibited enzyme activity and was located in the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol membrane. During our studies to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms related to its differential expression, we discovered a putative p53-binding site and several Sp1-binding sites in the TSP50 promoter, which led us to test if it was regulated by the p53 gene. We found that the p53 transgene negatively regulated the TSP50 promoter in diverse types of cell lines. This result was consistent with other observations: (a) p53 overexpression reduced endogenous TSP50 expression; and (b) breast cancer cell lines containing mutated p53, such as MCF7/Adr, or normal p53, such as MCF7, produced high or low levels of TSP50 transcripts, which was consistent with the fact that TSP50 promoter activity was much higher in MCF7/Adr than that in MCF7 cells. We also found that the quantity of Sp1 transcription factor was lower in MCF7/Adr than in MCF7 cells, which suggested that another mechanism (i.e., transcription factor modulation) was also involved in TSP50 differential expression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1239–45]
Molecular and Cytogenetical Alterations Induced by Environmental Cigarette Smoke in Mice Heterozygous for Fhit
Authors: De Flora Silvio , D'Agostini Francesco , Izzotti Alberto , Zanesi Nicola , Croce Carlo M. , Balansky Roumen 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Previous studies in humans and animal models provided evidence that the Fhit gene is an early target for cigarette smoke. We compared the induction of a variety of molecular and cytogenetical alterations in B6-129(F1) mice, either wild type or Fhit+/−, after whole-body exposure to environmental cigarette smoke (ECS) for 15 consecutive days. Both mouse genotypes responded to ECS with a loss of Fhit protein in the bronchial epithelium, accompanied by induction of apoptosis and stimulation of cell proliferation. ECS induced formation of bulky DNA adducts in whole lung. In addition, ECS caused cytogenetical damage both in the respiratory tract and at a systemic level, as shown by a significant increase of micronucleus frequency in pulmonary alveolar macrophages, bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes, and peripheral blood normochromatic erythrocytes of both wild-type and Fhit+/− mice. These results are compared with those generated in other species, strains, and genotypes of rodents exposed to ECS that we investigated previously. Although the loss of Fhit protein in the bronchial epithelium of ECS-exposed B6-129(F1) mice provides further evidence that the Fhit gene is an early molecular target for ECS, heterozygosity for Fhit does not seem to confer an increased susceptibility of mice in terms of the investigated early biomarkers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1001–6]
“Uncovering” Industrial Symbiosis
Authors: Chertow Marian R. 
Published: February 2007

SummarySince 1989, efforts to understand the nature of interfirm resource sharing in the form of industrial symbiosis and to replicate in a deliberate way what was largely self‐organizing in Kalundborg, Denmark have followed many paths, some with much success and some with very little. This article provides a historical view of the motivations and means for pursuing industrial symbiosis—defined to include physical exchanges of materials, energy, water, and by‐products among diversified clusters of firms. It finds that “uncovering” existing symbioses has led to more sustainable industrial development than attempts to design and build eco‐industrial parks incorporating physical exchanges.By examining 15 proposed projects brought to national and international attention by the U.S. President's Council on Sustainable Development beginning in the early 1990s, and contrasting these with another 12 projects observed to share more elements of self‐organization, recommendations are offered to stimulate the identification and uncovering of already existing “kernels” of symbiosis. In addition, policies and practices are suggested to identify early‐stage precursors of potentially larger symbioses that can be nurtured and developed further. The article concludes that environmentally and economically desirable symbiotic exchanges are all around us and now we must shift our gaze to find and foster them.
Industrial Symbiosis in China: A Case Study of the Guitang Group
Authors: ZHU Qinghua , LOWE Ernest A. , WEI Yuan‐an , BARNES Donald 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe Guitang Group (GG), which operates one of China's largest sugar refineries, has been developing and implementing an internal and external industrial symbiosis strategy for more than four decades. The GG first invested in developing its own collection of downstream companies to utilize nearly all byproducts of sugar production. This strategy has generated new revenues and reduced environmental emissions and disposal costs, while simultaneously improving the quality of sugar.Internally, the GG's complex consists of interlinked production of sugar, alcohol, cement, compound fertilizer, and paper and includes recycling and reuse. Externally, the GG has established a strong customer base as a result of its product quality, has worked to maintain and expand its supply base through technological and economic incentives to farmers (and even to competitors), and has had to react to a strong government presence that fundamentally affects its operations.Operations to date support some of the fundamental concepts of industrial symbiosis. Significant challenges exist, though, if the company is to continue to prosper in the volatile globalized sugar market.
Attention and Sensory Interactions within the Occipital Cortex in the Early Blind: An fMRI Study
Authors: Weaver Kurt E. , Stevens Alexander A. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Visual deprivation early in life results in occipital cortical responsiveness across a broad range of perceptual and cognitive tasks. In the reorganized occipital cortex of early blind (EB) individuals, the relative lack of specificity for particular sensory stimuli and tasks suggests that attention effects may play a prominent role in these areas. We wished to establish whether occipital cortical areas in the EB were responsive to stimuli across sensory modalities (auditory, tactile) and whether these areas maintained or altered their activity as a function of selective attention. Using a three-stimulus oddball paradigm and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, auditory and tactile tasks presented separately demonstrated that several occipital regions of interest (ROIs) in the EB, but not sighted controls (SCs), responded to targets and task-irrelevant distracter stimuli of both modalities. When auditory and tactile stimuli were presented simultaneously with subjects alternating attention between sensory streams, only the calcarine sulcus continued to respond to stimuli in both modalities. In all other ROIs, responses to auditory targets were as large or larger than those observed in the auditory-alone condition, but responses to tactile targets were attenuated or abolished by the presence of unattended auditory stimuli. Both auditory and somatosensory cortices responded consistently to auditory and tactile targets, respectively. These results reveal mechanisms of orienting and selective attention within the visual cortex of EB individuals and suggest that mechanisms of enhancement and suppression interact asymmetrically on auditory and tactile streams during bimodal sensory presentation.
Respiratory health in Brazil
Authors: Jardim José R , Nascimento Oliver 
Published: February 2007

According to the Brazilian Constitution each and every Brazilian has the right to free healthcare. Approximately 40% of the population have taken out a private or company funded health care program. Brazil is the world’s largest producer of alcohol derived from sugar cane and the burning of the sugar cane leaves produces a large amount of fine and ultrafine particles what increases the relative risk of hospital admissions by children increases 3.5-fold due to respiratory diseases. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks as the sixth greatest cause of death in Brazil, with a prevalence of 15.8% according to the fixed-ratio FEV1/FVC = 0.70 (PLATINO Study). The occurrence of wheezing in 13-14-year old children over the last 12 months was 20%, while asthma diagnosed by a doctor was at around 10% (ISAAC Study). Mortality from asthma has decreased from 2.2/100 000 in 1980 to 1.37 in 1996, with currently 2500 deaths/year. Smoking is decreasing in Brazil; 32.6% of the adult population were smokers in 1989 while in 2002, a randomized survey carried out in over 107 Brazilian cities with a population of 200 thousand or over showed that the smoking population over 35 years of age had decreased to 24% (17% of overall population). Approximately one-third of the Brazilian population has been infected by the tuberculosis bacillus and estimates agree that there are 116 000 new cases per year but that only 90 000 are reported. Furthermore Brazil is ranked 14th in the world in the number of tuberculosis cases and the 22nd in incidence. A Family Health Program was created in 1994 and in 2005 there were 24 600 Family Health Teams functioning in Brazil, covering a total of 4986 cities, corresponding to approximately 45% of the 180 million Brazilian population. In 2005 the total number of health community agents reached 208 000 and the investment in the Health Family Program was US$ 1.4 billion.
Molecular epidemiology of measles viruses in China, 1995–2003
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhu Zhen , Rota Paul A , Jiang Xiaohong , Hu Jiayu , Wang Jianguo , Tang Wei , Zhang Zhenying , Li Congyong , Wang Changyin , Wang Tongzhan , Zheng Lei , Tian Hong , Ling Hua , Zhao Chunfang , Ma Yan , Lin Chunyan , He Jilan , Tian Jiang , Ma Yan , Li Ping , Guan Ronghui , He Weikuan , Zhou Jianhui , Liu Guiyan , Zhang Hong , Yan Xinge , Yang Xuelei , Zhang Jinlin , Lu Yiyu , Zhou Shunde , Ba Zhuoma , Liu Wei , Yang Xiuhui , Ma Yujie , Liang Yong , Li Yeqiang , Ji Yixin , Featherstone David , Bellini William J , Xu Songtao , Liang Guodong , Xu Wenbo 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
This report describes the genetic characterization of 297 wild-type measles viruses that were isolated in 24 provinces of China between 1995 and 2003. Phylogenetic analysis of the N gene sequences showed that all of the isolates belonged to genotype H1 except 3 isolates, which were genotype A. The nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid homologies of the 294-genotype H1 strains were 94.7%–100% and 93.3%–100%, respectively. The genotype H1 isolates were divided into 2 clusters, which differed by approximately 2.9% at the nucleotide level. Viruses from both clusters were distributed throughout China with no apparent geographic restriction and multiple co-circulating lineages were present in many provinces. Even though other measles genotypes have been detected in countries that border China, this report shows that genotype H1 is widely distributed throughout the country and that China has a single, endemic genotype. This important baseline data will help to monitor the progress of measles control in China.
Antinociceptive efficacy of lacosamide in the monosodium iodoacetate rat model for osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Beyreuther Bettina , Callizot Noëlle , Stöhr Thomas 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The etiology of osteoarthritis is multifactorial, with inflammatory, metabolic, and mechanical causes. Pain in osteoarthritis is initiated by mild intra-articular inflammation and degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. The principle of treatment with acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is to reduce pain and improve joint function. Recently, animal models for osteoarthritic pain behavior have been established. The most frequently used rat model for analyzing properties of drugs on the pathology of osteoarthritis is the injection of the metabolic inhibitor monosodium iodoacetate into the joint, which inhibits the activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in chondrocytes. Here, we characterize the effect on pain behavior of lacosamide, a member of a family of functionalized amino acids that are analogues of endogenous amino acids and D-serine, in the monosodium iodoacetate rat model for osteoarthritis in comparison to diclofenac and morphine. Lacosamide (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) was able to reduce secondary mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia similarly to morphine (3 mg/kg). In contrast, diclofenac (30 mg/kg) was only effective in reducing secondary mechanical hyperalgesia. During the first week, pain is induced mainly by inflammation in the iodoacetate model, but afterwards inflammation plays only a minor role in pain. Lacosamide was able to inhibit pain at days 3, 7 and 14 after induction of arthritis. This shows that lacosamide is able to reduce pain behavior induced by multiple mechanisms in animals.
Noble Orientation Change with Temperature in Nematic Liquid Crystalline Mixtures
Authors: Aoki Yoshio , Watabe Takeyoshi , Hirose Takuji , Ishikawa Ken 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Unusual alignment phenomena were observed for nematic liquid crystalline mixtures with a dopant having a cyclohexane asymmetric frame. The liquid crystalline molecules changed from being homeogeneously aligned with the glass plates to being homeotropically aligned perpendicular to the glass plates. We report the conditions for the phenomena and discuss the results.
J. Howard Sobel on the Kalam Cosmological Argument
Authors: Craig William Lane 
Published: February 2007

IntroductionJ. Howard Sobel devotes seventy pages of his wide-ranging analysis of theistic arguments to a critique of the cosmological argument. The focus of that critique falls on the argument a contingentia mundi; but he also offers in passing some criticisms of the argument ab initio mundi, or the kalam cosmological argument.Sobel provides the following Statement of the argument:Everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence.The universe began to exist.Therefore, the universe has a cause of its existence [that did not begin to exist].Sobel will accept the causal premiss (1) only if ‘begins to exist’ means ‘has a first instant of its existence,’ and he disputes the arguments and evidence for (2).Traditional proponents of the kalam argument sought to justify (2) by means of philosophical arguments against the infinity of the past, while contemporary interest in the argument arises from the empirical evidence of physical cosmology for the truth of (2).
Only English by the third generation? Loss and preservation of the mother tongue among the grandchildren of contemporary immigrants
Authors: Alba Richard , Logan John , Lutz Amy , Stults Brian 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
We investigate whether a three-generation model of linguistic assimilation, known from previous waves of immigration, can be applied to the descendants of contemporary immigrant groups. Using the 5% Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample 1990 file, we examine the home languages of second- and third-generation children and compare the degree of their language shift against that among the descendants of European immigrants, as evidenced in the 1940 and 1970 censuses. Overall, the rates of speaking only English for a number of contemporary groups suggest that Anglicization is occurring at roughly the same pace for Asians as it did for Europeans, but is slower among the descendants of Spanish speakers. Multivariate models for three critical groups—Chinese, Cubans, and Mexicans—indicate that the home languages of third-generation children are most affected by factors, such as intermarriage, that determine the languages spoken by adults and by the communal context.
The Breakdown of Hierarchies in the Soviet Union and China: A Neoinstitutional Perspective
Authors: Solnick Steven L. 
Published: February 2007

Why did modest attempts to decentralize the centrally administered Soviet system lead to its collapse, while more far-reaching decentralization in China left central political and administrative hierarchies intact? This article analyzes the disintegration of centrally planned organizations in the context of a neoinstitutional model of the breakdown of authority within hierarchies. An agency model of hierarchy is presented that incorporates the ambiguous property rights, authority relations, and risk-sharing conditions that prevailed under central planning and then persist during postcommunist transitions. This model suggests that decentralizing reforms could trigger an organizational “bank run,” prompting local agents to seize organizational assets under their control. The article also considers reputation-preserving strategies that central authorities might use to avert disintegration.As an application of this model, the collapse of Soviet political, industrial, and state fiscal hierarchies are considered and compared with the experience of analogous sectors in China. Reforms in both states transferred significant autonomy from the center to local field agents. In the Soviet case these agents appropriated organizational assets with little interference from the center. In China, by contrast, the center preserved both its capacity for monitoring and its reputation for disciplining transgressions; and the rise of hybrid ownership forms made expropriation of state and Party assets far less attractive.
Seasonal Change in Osteoid Thickness and Mineralization Lag Time in Ambulant Patients
Authors: Need Allan G , Horowitz Michael , Morris Howard A , Moore Robert , Nordin Christopher 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Low vitamin D levels are common. Bone biopsies taken from 121 ambulant patients were therefore reviewed. Seasonal changes in mineralization correlated inversely with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D but not the more active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This implies that the latter is produced in bone.
Introduction: It has been 30 yr since a seasonal variation in osteoid surfaces and calcification fronts was noted in bone biopsies from hip fracture patients in Leeds and attributed to vitamin D status. It was suggested at that time that mild vitamin D deficiency might cause osteoporosis from malabsorption of calcium and more severe deficiency osteomalacia, but little has been published on this subject since.
Materials and Methods: We examined bone biopsies, calcium absorption data, and serum vitamin D metabolites in 121 patients attending our osteoporosis clinics in Adelaide. Biopsies were collected from the anterior iliac crest with a Jamshidi needle after two stat oral doses of 1 g of tetracycline 10 days apart, processed into plastic without demineralization, and all parameters were measured by point counting using a Weibel II graticule. Calcium absorption was measured after an oral dose of 5 μCi of 45Ca in 250 ml of water with 20 mg of calcium carrier. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured by radioimmunoassay and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] by radioimmunoassay after high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Results: 25(OH)D levels were lower from late autumn to early spring (April to September) than from late spring to early autumn (October to March) (51 ± 23 versus 61 ± 27 [SD] nM; p = 0.040). None of the biopsies yielded a diagnosis of osteomalacia, but osteoid thickness (O.Th.) was greater in the winter than the summer months (8.5 ± 3.6 versus 7.1 ± 2.8 μm; p = 0.015) as was mineralization lag time (MLT; 11.9 ± 5.2 versus 9.5 ± 3.6; p = 0.005). O.Th and log MLT were both inversely related to serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.014 and 0.036) but not serum 1,25(OH)2D. Calcium absorption was related to serum 1,25(OH)2D but not serum 25(OH)D.
Conclusions: We conclude that circulating 25(OH)D affects the mineralization process, whereas circulating 1,25(OH)2D affects bone indirectly through its effect on calcium absorption.
nup154 Genetically Interacts With cup and Plays a Cell-Type-Specific Function During Drosophila melanogaster Egg-Chamber Development
Authors: Grimaldi Maria R , Cozzolino Laura , Malva Carla , Graziani Franco , Gigliotti Silvia 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Nucleoporin Nup154 is a Drosophila component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. While functional studies carried out in both yeast and metazoan cells indicated that Nup154 homologs are key elements of the NPC framework, the striking phenotypic specificity displayed by nup154 hypomorphic mutant alleles suggested that Nup154 might play additional roles in the context of the NPC. Actually, genetic analyses demonstrated that mutant nurse-cell nuclei do not undergo a normal chromosome dispersal process, uncovering an essential requirement for nup154 gene function during oogenesis. In this report, we show that Nup154 interacts genetically and physically with Cup, a germline-specific protein implicated in multiple aspects of female gametogenesis, including the regulation of the nurse-cell chromosome structure. The two proteins colocalize in vivo and are co-immunoprecipitated from ovarian extracts. Moreover, cup, nup154 double mutants exhibit much stronger oogenesis defects than single mutants. Our findings delineate an intriguing scenario where an ubiquitous nucleoporin might directly influence specialized developmental events.