bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic mapping of snow cover depletion curves using optical remote sensing data under conditions of frequent cloud cover and temporary snow
Authors: Li Baolin , Zhu A‐Xing , Zhou Chenghu , Zhang Yichi , Pei Tao , Qin Chengzhi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSnow cover depletion curves are required for several water management applications of snow hydrology and are often difficult to obtain automatically using optical remote sensing data owing to both frequent cloud cover and temporary snow cover. This study develops a methodology to produce accurate snow cover depletion curves automatically using high temporal resolution optical remote sensing data (e.g. Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Aqua MODIS or National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)) by snow cover change trajectory analysis. The method consists of four major steps. The first is to reclassify both cloud‐obscured land and snow into more distinct subclasses and to determine their snow cover status (seasonal snow cover or not) based on the snow cover change trajectories over the whole snowmelt season. The second step is to derive rules based on the analysis of snow cover change trajectories. These rules are subsequently used to determine for a given date, the snow cover status of a pixel based on snow cover maps from the beginning of the snowmelt season to that given date. The third step is to apply a decision‐tree‐like processing flow based on these rules to determine the snow cover status of a pixel for a given date and to create daily seasonal snow cover maps. The final step is to produce snow cover depletion curves using these maps. A case study using this method based on Terra MODIS snow cover map products (MOD10A1) was conducted in the lower and middle reaches of the Kaidu River Watershed (19 000 km2) in the Chinese Tien Shan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. High resolution remote sensing data (charge coupled device (CCD) camera data with 19·5 m resolution of the China and Brazil Environmental and Resources Satellite (CBERS) data (19·5 m resolution), and the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data with 15 m resolution of the Terra) were used to validate the results. The study shows that the seasonal snow cover classification was consistent with that determined using a high spatial resolution dataset, with an accuracy of 87–91%. The snow cover depletion curves clearly reflected the impact of the variation of temperature and the appearance of temporary snow cover on seasonal snow cover. The findings from this case study suggest that the approach is successful in generating accurate snow cover depletion curves automatically under conditions of frequent cloud cover and temporary snow cover using high temporal resolution optical remote sensing data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decadal trend of climate in the Tibetan Plateau—regional temperature and precipitation
Authors: Xu Z. X. , Gong T. L. , Li J. Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau has one of the most complex climates in the world. Analysis of the climate in this region is important for understanding the climate change worldwide. In this study, climate patterns and trends in the Tibetan Plateau were analysed for the period from 1961 to 2001. Air temperature and precipitation were analysed on monthly and annual time scales using data collected from the National Meteorological Centre, China Meteorological Administration. Nonlinear slopes were estimated and analysed to investigate the spatial and temporal trends of air temperature and precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau using a Mann–Kendall method. Spatial analysis of air temperature and precipitation variability across the Tibetan Plateau was undertaken. While most trends are local in nature, there are general basinwide patterns. Temperature during the last several decades showed a long‐term warmer trend, especially the areas around Dingri and Zogong stations, which formed two increasing centres. Only one of the stations investigated exhibited decreasing trend, and this was not significant. Precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau has increased in most regions of the study area over the past several decades, especially in the eastern and central part, while the western Tibetan Region exhibited a decreased trend over the same period. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groundwater quality in the semi‐arid region of the Chahardouly basin, West Iran
Authors: Tizro A. Taheri , Voudouris K.S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChahardouly basin is located in the western part of Iran and is characterized by semi‐arid climatic conditions and scarcity in water resources. The main aquifer systems are developed within alluvial deposits. The availability of groundwater is rather erratic owing to the occurrence of hard rock formation and a saline zone in some parts of the area. The aquifer systems of the area show signs of depletion, which have taken place in recent years due to a decline in water levels. Groundwater samples collected from shallow and deep wells were analysed to examine the quality characteristics of groundwater. The major ion chemistry of groundwater is dominated by Ca2+ and HCO3−, while higher values of total dissolved solids (TDS) in groundwater are associated with high concentrations of all major ions. An increase in salinity is recorded in the down‐gradient part of the basin. The occurrence of saline groundwater, as witnessed by the high electrical conductivity (EC), may be attributed to the long residence time of water and the dissolution of minerals, as well as evaporation of rainfall and irrigation return flow. Based on SAR values and sodium content (%Na), salinity appears to be responsible for the poor groundwater quality, rendering most of the samples not suitable for irrigation use. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling specific sediment yield in the upper Indus River basin, northern Pakistan
Authors: Faran Ali Khawaja , de Boer Dirk H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEstimates of sediment yield are essential in water resources analysis, modelling and engineering, in investigations of continental denudation rates, and in studies of drainage basin response to changes in climate and land use. The availability of high resolution, global environmental datasets offers an opportunity to examine the relationships between specific sediment yield (SYsp) and drainage basin attributes in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. This study examines SYsp at 14 long‐term gauging stations within the upper Indus River basin. Twenty‐nine environmental variables were derived from global datasets, the majority with a 1 × 1 km resolution. The SYsp ranges from 194 to 1302 t km−2 yr−1 for sub‐basins ranging from 567 to 212 447 km2. The high degree of scatter in SYsp is greatly reduced when the stations are divided into three groups: upper, glacierized sub‐basins; lower, monsoon sub‐basins; and the main Indus River. Percentage snow/ice cover (LCs) emerges as the single major land cover control for SYsp in the high mountainous upper Indus River basin. A regression model with percentage snow/ice cover (LCs) as the single independent variable explains 73·4% of the variance in SYsp for the whole Indus basin. A combination of percentage snow/ice cover (LCs), relief and climate variables explains 98·5% of the variance for the upper, glacierized sub‐basins. For the lower monsoon region, a regression model with only mean annual precipitation (P) explains 99·4% of the variance. Along the main Indus River, a regression model including just basin relief (R) explains 92·4% of the variance in SYsp. Based on the R2adj and P‐value statistics, the variables used are capable of explaining the majority of variance in the upper Indus River basin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p‐Dodecylaminophenol derived from the synthetic retinoid, fenretinide: Antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo against human prostate cancer and mechanism of action
Authors: Takahashi Noriko , Watanabe Yusuke , Maitani Yoshie , Yamauchi Takayasu , Higashiyama Kimio , Ohba Toshihiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFenretinide, N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4‐HPR) is an aminophenol‐containing synthetic retinoid derivative of all‐trans‐retinoic acid, which is a potent chemopreventive and antiproliferative agent against various cancers. Clinical studies of 4‐HPR have shown side effects consisting of night blindness and ocular toxicity. To maintain potent anticancer activity without side effects, p‐dodecylaminophenol (p‐DDAP) was designed based on structure–activity relationships of 4‐HPR. In our study, we investigate whether p‐DDAP shows anticancer activity against human prostate cancer cell line PC‐3 when compared with 4‐HPR. p‐DDAP inhibited PC‐3 cell growth progressively from low to high concentration in a dose‐dependent manner. p‐DDAP was the most potent antiproliferative agent in vitro among 6 p‐alkylaminophenols and 3 4‐hydroxyphenyl analogs examined including 4‐HPR. Cells treated with p‐DDAP were shown to undergo apoptosis, based on condensation nuclei, cytofluorimetric analysis, propidium iodide staining and the expression of bcl‐2 and caspase 3. p‐DDAP arrested the S phase of the cell cycle, while 4‐HPR arrested the G0/G1 phase. In addition, both the i.v. and i.p. administration of p‐DDAP suppressed tumor growth in PC‐3‐implanted mice in vivo. p‐DDAP showed no effects on blood retinol concentrations, in contrast to reductions after 4‐HPR administration. These results indicate that p‐DDAP exhibits excellent anticancer efficacy against hormonal independent prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo, and it may have great potential for clinical use in the treatment of prostate cancer with reduced side effects. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive oxygen species‐dependent EndoG release mediates cisplatin‐induced caspase‐independent apoptosis in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Kim Jong Soo , Lee Ji Hae , Jeong Won Wook , Choi Dae Hwa , Cha Hee Jeong , Kim Do Ha , Kwon Joong Keun , Park Soon Eun , Park Jae Hoo , Cho Hong Rae , Lee Seon Ho , Park Sang Kyu , Lee Byung Ju , Min Young Joo , Park Jeong Woo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we have reported that cisplatin induced an early caspase‐dependent apoptosis (8 hr) in a HNSCC cell, HN4. In this study, we examined a late caspase‐independent apoptosis as well as an early caspase‐dependent apoptosis in cisplatin‐treated HN4 cells. While z‐VAD‐fmk, a pan‐caspase inhibitor, blocked the caspase activities and protected cells from the early apoptosis, it did not provide protection against delayed apoptosis occurring after extended exposure (16 hr) to cisplatin, suggesting that the delayed apoptotic response in the presence of z‐VAD‐fmk was caspase‐independent. Cisplatin treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and nuclear translocation of endonuclease G (EndoG). Small interfering RNA mediated‐knockdown of EndoG significantly protected cells from the delayed apoptosis induced by cisplatin in the presence of z‐VAD‐fmk. Overexpression of Bcl‐2 in HN4 cells prevented loss of MMP, nuclear translocation of EndoG and protected cells from the delayed apoptosis induced by cisplatin in the presence of z‐VAD‐fmk. Pretreatment with N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, prevented both ROS generation, loss of the MMP and nuclear translocation of EndoG. Together, our data indicate that cisplatin treatment induced ROS‐mediated loss of the MMP, and, then, the nuclear translocation of EndoG, which played a crucial role in caspase‐independent apoptosis of HN4 cells in the presence of z‐VAD‐fmk. This is the first report about the involvement of EndoG in cisplatin‐induced caspase‐independent apoptosis of cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the risk of gallbladder cancer death: A prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yagyu Kiyoko , Kikuchi Shogo , Obata Yuki , Lin Yingsong , Ishibashi Teruo , Kurosawa Michiko , Inaba Yutaka , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGallbladder cancer is a rare cancer with a poor prognosis, and few risk factors have been identified to date. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the association of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with the risk of gallbladder cancer death. A baseline survey in 45 areas throughout Japan was conducted from 1988 to 1990 using a self‐administered questionnaire, and a total of 113,496 participants (65,740 women) aged 40–89 years at entry were followed for 15 years. During the follow‐up period, 165 gallbladder cancer deaths (95 women) were observed. Among women, the hazard ratio (HR) [95 percent confidence interval: 95% CI] of current smoker was 2.00 [0.91–4.42], when adjusted for age and drinking. There was no clear association between alcohol consumption and the risk. Among men, HR of current smoker was 2.27 [1.05–4.90]. HRs of those who smoked 21 cigarettes or more per day and those with 801–1,000 cigarette‐years were 3.18 [1.18–8.53] and 3.44 [1.40–8.45], respectively, and positive linear associations were observed between that risk and the number of cigarettes per day (p for trend = 0.007) or “cigarette‐years” (p for trend = 0.012). The alcohol dose was linearly associated with risk (p for trend = 0.004), where the HR among those who consumed 72.0 g or more of alcohol per day was 3.60 [1.29–9.85]. Among both men and women, cigarette smoking may elevate the risk of death from gallbladder cancer. Drinking may pose an elevated risk among men, but that seems to be less true among women. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papilloma virus specific T cells infiltrating cervical cancer and draining lymph nodes show remarkably frequent use of HLA‐DQ and –DP as a restriction element
Authors: Piersma Sytse J. , Welters Marij J.P. , van der Hulst Jeanette M. , Kloth Judith N. , Kwappenberg Kitty M.C. , Trimbos Baptist J. , Melief Cornelis J.M. , Hellebrekers Bart W. , Fleuren Gert Jan , Kenter Gemma G. , Offringa Rienk , van der Burg Sjoerd H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐induced malignancies are frequently infiltrated by lymphocytes. To comprehend the contribution of HPV‐specific T cells in this anti‐tumor response we developed a method that allowed the analysis of the presence and specificity of cervix‐infiltrating and draining lymph node resident T cells in a group of 74 patients with cervical malignancies, 54 of which were induced by HPV16 or HPV18. We detected the presence of HPV16 or HPV18‐specific T cells in at least 23 of the 54 HPV‐16 or ‐18 positive patients, and not in the 20 controls. Detailed studies resulted in the identification of 17 novel CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes and their HLA‐restriction elements, and also revealed that the HPV‐specific immune response was aimed at both E6 and E7 and showed no preferential recognition of immunodominant regions. Unexpectedly, the vast majority of the CD4+ T cell epitopes were presented in the context of the less abundantly expressed HLA‐DQ and HLA‐DP molecules. Since the identified T cell epitopes constitute physiological targets in the immune response to HPV16 and HPV18 positive tumors they will be valuable for detailed studies on the interactions between the tumor and the immune system. This is crucial for the optimization of cancer immunotherapy in patients with pre‐existing tumor‐immunity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential apoptotic effect of wogonin and nor‐wogonin via stimulation of ROS production in human leukemia cells
Authors: Chow Jyh‐Ming , Huang Guan‐Cheng , Shen Shing‐Chuan , Wu Chin‐Yen , Lin Cheng‐Wei , Chen Yen‐Chou 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigate the roles of methoxyl (OCH3) and hydroxyl (OH) substitutions at C8 of flavonoids on their apoptosis‐inducing activities. Wogonin (Wog) and nor‐wogonin (N‐Wog) are structurally related flavonoids, and respectively contain an OH and OCH3 at C8. In leukemia HL‐60 cells, N‐Wog exhibited more‐potent cytotoxicity than Wog according to the MTT and LDH release assays, and the IC50 values of Wog and N‐Wog in HL‐60 cells were 67.5 ± 2.1 and 21.7 ± 1.5 µM, respectively. Apoptotic characteristics including DNA ladders, apoptotic bodies, and hypodiploid cells accompanied by the induction of caspase 3 protein processing appeared in Wog‐ and N‐Wog‐treated HL‐60 cells. Interestingly, an increase in intracellular peroxide production was detected in N‐Wog‐ but not Wog‐treated HL‐60 cells by the DCHF‐DA assay, and the reduction of intracellular peroxide by catalase (CAT) induced by N‐Wog significantly reduced the N‐Wog‐ but not the Wog‐induced cytotoxic effect according to the MTT assay in accordance with the blocking of DNA ladder formation and caspase 3 and PARP protein processing elicited by N‐Wog. We further analyzed the effect of six structurally related compounds, including 5‐OH, 7‐OH, 5,7‐diOH, 5,7‐diOCH3, 7,8‐diOCH3, and 7‐OCH3‐8‐OH flavones, on apoptosis induction in HL‐60 cells. Results suggested that OH at C5 and C7 is essential for both the apoptosis‐inducing activity of flavonoids, and OH at C8 may contribute to apoptosis induction ability. Evidence to support a distinct structure‐activity relationship in apoptosis induction of flavonoids is provided for the first time in this study. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1394–1404, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate inflammation and its potential impact on prostate cancer: A current review
Authors: Haverkamp Jessica , Charbonneau Bridget , Ratliff Timothy L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent studies have identified a role for inflammation in the development and progression of several cancers, such as liver, stomach and the large intestine. Data from several studies has shown correlations between soluble inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. However, a direct relationship between inflammation and prostate cancer has yet to be identified. Two major hurdles currently exist which limit the study of this relationship are first that animal models available for studying prostate inflammation are lmited, and secondly that relatively little is known about the inflammatory response in the prostate. Here we first review the data demonstrating a correlation between inflammation and prostate cancer as well as review what is currently known about the inflammatory response in the prostate and the impact this inflammation has on the prostate tissue. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1344–1353, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New trends in the treatment of bone metastasis
Authors: Keller Evan T. , Dai Jinlu , Escara‐Wilke June , Hall Christopher L. , Ignatoski Kathleen , Taichman Russell S. , Keller Jill 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBone metastasis is often the penultimate harbinger of death for many cancer patients. Bone metastases are often associated with fractures and severe pain resulting in decreased quality of life. Accordingly, effective therapies to inhibit the development or progression of bone metastases will have important clinical benefits. To achieve this goal understanding the mechanisms through which bone metastases develop and progress may provide targets to inhibit the metastases. In the past few years, there have been advances in both understanding the mechanisms through which bone metastases develop and how they impact bone remodeling. Additionally, gains in promising clinical strategies to target bone metastases have been developed. In this prospectus, we will discuss some of these advances. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1095–1102, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The osteoclast: A multinucleated, hematopoietic‐origin, bone‐resorbing osteoimmune cell
Authors: Bar‐Shavit Zvi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOsteoclasts are multinucleated cells that derive from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow which also give rise to monocytes in peripheral blood, and to the various types of tissue macrophages. Osteoclasts are formed by the fusion of precursor cells. They function in bone resorption and are therefore critical for normal skeletal development (growth and modeling), for the maintenance of its integrity throughout life, and for calcium metabolism (remodeling). To resorb bone, the osteoclasts attach to the bone matrix, their cytoskeleton reorganizes, and they assume polarized morphology and form ruffled borders to secrete acid and collagenolytic enzymes and a sealing zone to isolate the resorption site. Identification of the osteoclastogenesis inducer, the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), its cognate receptor RANK, and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), has contributed enormously to the dramatic advance in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in osteoclast differentiation and activity. This explosion in osteoclast biology is reflected by the large number of reviews which appeared during the last decade. Here I will summarize the “classical” issues (origin, differentiation, and activity) in a general manner, and will discuss an untouched issue (multinucleation) and a relatively novel aspect of osteoclast biology (osteoimmunology). J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1130–1139, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elk‐1 is a novel protein‐binding partner for FAK, regulating phagocytosis in medfly hemocytes
Authors: Mamali Irene , Kapodistria Katerina , Lampropoulou Maria , Marmaras Vassilis J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its downstream signaling targets, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPKs), are implicated in the process of phagocytosis by insect hemocytes. The goal of this study was to explore further the signaling pathways underlining the process of phagocytosis. The combination of bioinformatics, biochemical, and immunofluorescence approaches strongly support the expression of Elk‐1‐like protein in medfly hemocytes. Elk‐1 is phosphorylated in E. coli or latex beads‐challenged hemocytes and osmotic loading experiments as well as flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that Elk‐1‐like protein regulates the uptake of bacteria. RNA interference (RNAi) and pharmacological inhibitors show that the signaling for Elk‐1 phosphorylation is transmitted via FAK/Src and MAPKs pathways. Furthermore, confocal analysis clearly shows that FAK and the phosphorylated FAK at Y397 are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas, the phosphorylated Elk‐1‐like protein is exclusively localized in the nucleus. Finally, co‐immunoprecipitation and reciprocal co‐immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated the association of low molecular weight protein bands recognized by FAK antibodies, with Elk‐1 or phospho‐Elk‐1 at ser 383 and confocal microscopy specifies that this association occurs only in the nucleus. These results are strongly supporting that Elk‐1‐like protein is a novel protein‐binding partner for FAK, a finding that significantly broadens the potential functioning of FAK and Elk‐1 generally. Evidently, the complex participates in the process of phagocytosis in medfly hemocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 1895–1911, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.