bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental English Proficiency and Children’s Health Services Access
Authors: Yu Stella M. , Huang Z. Jennifer , Schwalberg Renee H. , Nyman Rebecca M. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. We examined the relation between parents’ level of English proficiency and their children’s access to health care. Methods. Using the 2001 California Health Interview Survey, we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses of several measures of children’s access to health care (current health insurance status, usual source of care, emergency room visits, delayed or forgone care, traveling to another country for health care, and perceived discrimination in health care) and their association with parents’ English proficiency. Results. Compared with English-speaking households, children in non–English-speaking households were more likely to lack health insurance, to not have doctor contact, and to go to other countries for health care and were less likely to use emergency rooms. Their parents were less likely to report their children’s experiencing delayed or forgone care or discrimination in health care. Conclusion. English proficiency is a strong predictor of access to health insurance for children, and children in non–English-speaking families are especially likely to rely on other countries for their health care. English proficiency may mitigate the effects of race/ethnicity commonly observed in health care access and utilization studies.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Report of Physician-Provided Smoking Cessation Advice: Analysis of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Lopez-Quintero Catalina , Crum Rosa M. , Neumark Yehuda D. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. We explored racial/ethnic disparities in reports of smoking cessation advice among smokers who had visited a physician in the previous year. Also, we examined the likelihood of receipt of such advice across Hispanic subgroups and levels of English proficiency.Methods. We analyzed data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey.Results. Nearly half of the 5652 respondents reported receiving smoking cessation advice from their doctor. Compared with Hispanics, and after control for a range of other factors, respondents in the non-Hispanic White (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2, 2.0), non-Hispanic Black (adjusted OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.0, 2.0), and other non-Hispanic (adjusted OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.3, 3.6) groups were significantly more likely to report receiving advice. English proficiency was not associated with receipt of physician advice among Hispanic smokers.Conclusions. Some 16 million smokers in the United States could not recall receiving advice to quit smoking from their physician in the preceding year. These missed opportunities, compounded by racial/ethnic disparities such as those observed between Hispanics and other groups and between Hispanic subgroups, suggest that considerably greater effort is needed to diminish the toll stemming from smoking and smoking-related diseases.
Orphan Care in Botswana’s Working Households: Growing Responsibilities in the Absence of Adequate Support
Authors: Miller Candace M. , Gruskin Sofia , Subramanian S.V. , Rajaraman Divya , Heymann S. Jody 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. Botswana has one of the world’s highest HIV-prevalence rates and the world’s highest percentages of orphaned children among its population. We assessed the ability of income-earning households in Botswana to adequately care for orphans. Methods. We used data from the Botswana Family Health Needs Study (2002), a sample of 1033 working adults with caregiving responsibilities who used public services, to assess whether households with orphan-care responsibilities encountered financial and other difficulties. Thirty-seven percent of respondents provided orphan care, usually to extended family members. We applied logistic regression models to determine the factors associated with experiencing problems related to orphan caregiving. Results. Nearly half of working households with orphan-care responsibilities reported experiencing financial and other difficulties because of orphan care. Issues of concern included caring for multiple orphans, caring for sick adults and orphans simultaneously, receiving no assistance, and low income. Conclusions. The orphan crisis is impoverishing even working households, where caregivers lack sufficient resources to provide basic needs. Neither the public sector nor communities provide adequate safety nets. International assistance is critical to build capacity within the social welfare infrastructure and to fund community-level activities that support households. Lessons from Botswana’s orphan crisis can provide valuable insights to policymakers throughout sub-Saharan Africa.
Public Health and the Anticorporate Movement: Rationale and Recommendations
Authors: Wiist William H. 
Published: June 2006

Institutions and informal networks have formed a movement that is challenging the growing power and pervasive influence of large corporations. The movement’s analyses show that the historical development and current function of the corporate entity requires production of a profit regardless of consequences to health, society, or the environment. As a result, public health professionals frequently address health problems related to products, services, or practices of corporations. There are possibilities for links between public health and the anticorporate movement. Public health research and the professional preparation curriculum should focus on the corporate entity as a social structural determinant of disease.
Relationships Between Self-Reported Unfair Treatment and Prescription Medication Use, Illicit Drug Use, and Alcohol Dependence Among Filipino Americans
Authors: Gee Gilbert C. , Delva Jorge , Takeuchi David T. 
Published: June 2006

Objectives. We examined associations between self-reported unfair treatment and prescription medication use, illicit drug use, and alcohol dependence. Methods. We used data from the Filipino American Community Epidemiological Survey, a cross-sectional investigation involving 2217 Filipino Americans interviewed in 1998–1999. Multinomial logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were used in assessing associations between unfair treatment and the substance use categories. Results. Reports of unfair treatment were associated with prescription drug use, illicit drug use, and alcohol dependence after control for age, gender, location of residence, employment status, educational level, ethnic identity level, nativity, language spoken, marital status, and several health conditions. Conclusions. Unfair treatment may contribute to illness and subsequent use of prescription medications. Furthermore, some individuals may use illicit drugs and alcohol to cope with the stress associated with such treatment. Addressing the antecedents of unfair treatment may be a potential intervention route.
The Impact of State Laws Limiting Malpractice Damage Awards on Health Care Expenditures
Authors: Hellinger Fred J. , Encinosa William E. 
Published: June 2006

Twenty-eight states have laws that limit payments in malpractice cases, and several studies indicate that these laws reduce the frequency and severity of malpractice claims and lower premiums. Moreover, proponents believe that such laws reduce health care expenditures by reducing the practice of defensive medicine. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence about the impact of these laws on the cost of health care. We used multivariate models and relatively recent data to estimate the impact of state tort reform laws that directly limit malpractice damage payments on health care expenditures. Estimates from these models suggest that laws limiting malpractice payments lower state health care expenditures by between 3% and 4%.
Unexpected abundance of pathological tau in progressive supranuclear palsy white matter
Authors: Zhukareva Victoria , Joyce Sonali , Schuck Teresa , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Hurtig Howard , Albin Roger , Gilman Sid , Chin Steven , Miller Bruce , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M‐Y. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether biochemical insoluble tau with 4 (4R) and/or 3 (3R) microtubule‐binding repeats accumulate in white as well as gray matter in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a neurodegenerative tauopathy.MethodsTo assess tau pathology in PSP white matter, we combined Western blot (WB) and immunohistochemical methods to analyze 23 autopsy‐confirmed PSP brains.ResultsWBs showed an unexpected abundance of insoluble tau in white and gray matter of PSP brains, but biochemical tau pathology in white matter was not correlated with immunohistochemistry using the same panel of epitope‐specific anti‐tau antibodies used for WB. Despite heterogeneity in the representation of pathological 3R and 4R tau isoforms in cortical versus subcortical regions, biochemically detectable white matter tau pathology is a constant feature of PSP.InterpretationThese studies show additional similarities between PSP and corticobasal degeneration, but unlike corticobasal degeneration, more abundant white matter tau pathology in PSP is detectable by WB than by immunohistochemistry. The differential detection of abnormal tau by biochemistry versus microscopy in PSP may reflect distinct pathological mechanisms, and elucidation of these processes will augment efforts to develop better strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of PSP and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Ann Neurol 2006
Classification and powerlaws: The logarithmic transformation
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , Bensman Stephen 
Published: June 2006

AbstractLogarithmic transformation of the data has been recommended by the literature in the case of highly skewed distributions such as those commonly found in information science. The purpose of the transformation is to make the data conform to the lognormal law of error for inferential purposes. How does this transformation affect the analysis? We factor analyze and visualize the citation environment of theJournal of the American Chemical Society(JACS) before and after a logarithmic transformation. The transformation strongly reduces the variance necessary for classificatory purposes and therefore is counterproductive to the purposes of the descriptive statistics. We recommend against the logarithmic transformation when sets cannot be defined unambiguously. The intellectual organization of the sciences is reflected in the curvilinear parts of the citation distributions while negative powerlaws fit excellently to the tails of the distributions.
Expression of Aspergillus hemoglobin domain activities in Aspergillus oryzae grown on solid substrates improves growth rate and enzyme production
Authors: te Biesebeke Rob , Boussier Amandine , van Biezen Nick , Braaksma Machtelt , van den Hondel Cees A. M. J. J. , de Vos Willem M. , Punt Peter J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDNA fragments coding for hemoglobin domains (HBD) were isolated from Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger. The HBD activities were expressed in A. oryzae by introduction of HBD gene fragments under the control of the promoter of the constitutively expressed gpdA gene. In the transformants, oxygen uptake was significantly higher, and during growth on solid substrates the developed biomass was at least 1.3 times higher than that of the untransformed wild‐type strain. Growth rate of the HBD‐activity‐producing strains was also significantly higher compared to the wild type. During growth on solid cereal substrates, the amylase and protease activities in the extracts of the HBD‐activity‐producing strains were 30–150% higher and glucoamylase activities were at least 9 times higher compared to the wild‐type strain. These results suggest that the Aspergillus HBD‐encoding gene can be used in a self‐cloning strategy to improve biomass yield and protein production of Aspergillus species.
A nanophosphor‐based method for selective DNA recovery in Synthosomes
Authors: Nallani Madhavan , Onaca Ozana , Gera Nimish , Hildenbrand Karlheinz , Hoheisel Werner , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA nanocompartment system composed of an ABA triblock copolymer, where A is poly(dimethylsiloxane) and B is poly(2‐methyloxazoline), has been developed for selective recovery and detection of DNA. Translocation of TAMRA‐labeled complementary primers into the nanocompartment system has been achieved through two deletion mutants (FhuA Δ1–129; FhuA Δ1–160) of the channel protein FhuA. Translocation was monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer through hybridization of the TAMRA‐labeled primer to the complementary sequence of a nanophosphor‐DNA‐conjugate, which reduces its half‐life (FhuA Δ1–129, 16.0% reduced; FhuA Δ1–160, 39.0% reduced).
Development of mammalian cell‐enclosing calcium‐alginate hydrogel fibers in a co‐flowing stream
Authors: Takei Takayuki , Sakai Shinji , Ijima Hiroyuki , Kawakami Koei 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA jetting technique in a liquid‐liquid co‐flowing stream was applied to the preparation of mammalian cell‐enclosing calcium‐alginate (Ca‐alg) hydrogel fibers of several hundred micrometers in cross‐sectional diameter. One percent alginate aqueous solution was extruded from needles (270, 480, 940 μm inner diameter) into a co‐flowing laminar stream of 100 mM aqueous calcium chloride solution. The extruded alginate solution was stretched by the CaCl2 solution, which is known as a “jetting process”, and the Ca‐alg hydrogel fibers were formed by gelation of the alginate solution through the uptake of calcium ions in the CaCl2 solution. The cross‐sectional diameter of the hydrogel fibers could be controlled from approximately 100‐800 μm by changing the velocities of the alginate and CaCl2 solution, and the inner diameter of the needle. Approximately 95% of bovine carotid artery vascular endothelial cells remained alive after the process of preparing hydrogel fibers in a co‐flowing stream, demonstrating that the cell‐enclosing process scarcely influences the viability of the enclosed cells.
Conformational changes of the p53‐binding cleft of MDM2 revealed by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Espinoza‐Fonseca L. M. , Trujillo‐Ferrara José G. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTwo 35‐ns molecular dynamics simulations of both ligated [mouse double minute protein 2 (MDM2p53)] and unligated (MDM2apo) structures of human MDM2 bound to the N‐terminal domain of the tumor suppressor p53 have been performed. Analysis of the dynamics revealed that the most flexible region of MDM2 was the p53‐binding cleft. When MDM2 was bound to p53, a wider and more stable topology of the cleft was obtained, while unligated MDM2 showed a narrower and highly flexible cleft. It was also found that the dynamics involved in the opening/closing motions were due to the movement of different domains of the protein, which is in agreement with recent experimental data. Considering our results, a mechanism in which p53 might be recognized and attached to MDM2 is proposed, and some implications on future directions for in silico anticancer drug design efforts are discussed. In summary, the observations made here would be very useful not only for better understanding of the biological implications of the MDM2 dynamics, but also for future efforts in anticancer drug design and discovery. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83:365–373, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Unusually Strong Positive Cooperativity in Binding of Peptides to Latent Membrane Protein‐1 DNA Fragments of the Epstein–Barr Viral Gene
Authors: Yang Chia‐Hung , Jeng Kee‐Ching G. , Yang Wan‐Hsu , Chen Yu‐Ling , Hung Chia‐Chun , Lin Juey‐Wen , Chen Shui‐Tein , Richardson Simon , Martin Christopher R. H. , Waring Michael J. , Sheh Leung 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe DNA‐binding preferences of two oligopeptide amides, (His‐Pro‐Arg‐Lys)3NH2 (HR‐12) and (Ser‐Pro‐Arg‐Lys)3NH2 (SP‐12), have been examined by quantitative DNase I footprinting studies. Two different DNA fragments were investigated: a pair of 5′‐32P‐labeled duplexes from pBR322 with one or other of the complementary strands labeled and a corresponding pair of 5′‐32P‐labeled duplexes representing fragments of the latent membrane protein (LMP‐1) gene from a pathogenic Epstein–Barr virus variant derived from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The major objective was to examine molecular recognition and cooperative features associated with sequence‐selective binding of synthetic peptides to the LMP‐1 fragments. At various binding sites on the pBR322 fragments, Hill coefficients (nH) ranging from 1.9–2.2 were observed; these results indicate modest positive cooperativity between binding sites for both peptides. By contrast, unusually high values of nH, ranging from 4.0–9.3, were observed at various binding sites on the LMP‐1 fragments. Allosteric models can be constructed to interpret the observed cooperative interactions between different DNA recognition sites in the LMP‐1 gene upon binding of the peptide ligands. It is noteworthy that these models feature a novel network of cooperativity interconnecting multiple DNA allosteric sites. The evidence of sequence selectivity and strong cooperativity discovered in this work may prove to be a general feature of peptide interactions with some nucleic acids.
Early administration of abciximab bolus in the emergency department improves angiographic outcome after primary PCI as assessed by TIMI frame count: Results of the early ReoPro administration in myocardial infarction (ERAMI) trial
Authors: Gabriel H. Mesquita , Oliveira Joaquim A. , da Silva Pedro Canas , da Costa J. Marques , da Cunha J.A. Correia 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: We assessed the safety and efficacy of early administration of abciximab prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Background: Research suggests that platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors, e.g. abciximab, may improve myocardial perfusion. In particular, early administration in the emergency department, prior to PCI, may result in more effective reperfusion. Methods: Eighty AMI patients with planned PCI were randomized in a double‐blind fashion to receive a 0.25 mg/kg abciximab bolus either “early” in the emergency department or “late” in the catheterization laboratory after angiographic assessment. In total, 74 patients underwent PCI after diagnostic angiography, all of which then received an abciximab infusion of 0.125 μg/kg/min for 12 hr. Results: Prior to PCI, no significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the angiographic endpoints or ST‐segment resolution. After PCI, thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) frame count (TFC) was significantly improved in patients treated early rather than in those treated late (23 ± 10 vs. 41 ± 35; P = 0.02). Consistent trends, also favoring early treatment, were observed for TIMI flow grade 3 (TFG 3), corrected TFC (CTFC), and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 (TMPG 3). Nine deaths (4 early, 5 late) and six significant bleeds (4 early, 2 late) were observed at 30 days after randomization. Conclusions: Early administration of abciximab is both feasible and safe in patients planned for primary PCI, increasing coronary flow and myocardial reperfusion after PCI, as demonstrated by significantly decreased TFC scores and trends toward improvements in TFG, CTFC, and TMPG. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Valence Tautomerism in Octahedral and Square‐Planar Phenoxyl–Nickel(II) Complexes: Are Imino Nitrogen Atoms Good Friends?
Authors: Rotthaus Olaf , Thomas Fabrice , Jarjayes Olivier , Philouze Christian , Saint‐Aman Eric , Pierre Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe two tetradentate ligands H2L and H2LMe afford the slightly distorted square‐planar low‐spin NiII complexes 1 and 2, which comprise two coordinated phenolate groups. Complex 1 has been electrochemically oxidized into 1+, which contains a coordinated phenoxyl radical, with a contribution from the nickel orbital. In the presence of pyridine, 1+ is converted into 1Py+, an octahedral phenolate nickel(III) complex with two pyridines axially coordinated: An intramolecular electron transfer (valence tautomerism) is promoted by the geometrical changes, from square planar to octahedral, around the metal center. The tetradentate ligand H2LMe, in the presence of pyridine, and the hexadentate ligand H2LPy in CH2Cl2 afford, respectively, the octahedral high‐spin NiII complexes 2Py and 3, which involve two equatorial phenolates and two axially coordinated pyridines. At 100 K, the one‐electron‐oxidized product 2Py+ comprises a phenoxyl radical ferromagnetically coupled to the high‐spin NiII ion, with large zero‐field splitting parameters, while 3+ involves a phenoxyl radical antiferromagnetically coupled to the high‐spin NiII ion.
Adsorption of Methanol and Methoxy on Cu(111) Surface: A First‐principles Periodic Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Chen Wen‐Kai , Liu Shu‐Hong , Cao Mei‐Juan , Lu Chun‐Hai , Xu Ying , Li Jun‐Qian 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAdsorption of methanol and methoxy at four selected sites (top, bridge, hcp, fcc) on Cu(111) surface has been investigated by density functional theory method at the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) level. The calculation on adsorption energies, geometry and electronic structures, Mulliken charges, and vibrational frequencies of CH3OH and CH3O on clean Cu(111) surface was performed with full‐geometry optimization, and compared with the experimental data. The obtained results are in agreement with available experimental data. The most favorite adsorption site for methanol on Cu(111) surface is the top site, where C–O axis is tilted to the surface. Moreover, the preferred adsorption site for methoxy on Cu(111) surface is the fcc site, and it adsorbs in an upright geometry with pseudo‐C3v local symmetry. Possible decomposition pathways also have been investigated by transition‐state searching methods. Methoxy radical, CH3O, was found to be the decomposition intermediate. Methanol can be adsorbed on the surface with its oxygen atom directly on a Cu atom, and weakly chemisorbed on Cu(111) surface. In contrast to methanol, methoxy is strongly chemisorbed to the surface.
Study of Structural Stability of Cyclophilin A by NMR and Circular Dichroism Spectra
Authors: Shi Yan‐Hong , Lin Dong‐Hai , Huang Jian‐Ying , Shen Xu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe structural stability of cyclophilin A (CypA) was investigated using H/D exchange and temperature coefficients of chemical shifts of amide protons, monitored by 2D heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Amide proton exchange rates were measured by H/D exchange experiments for slow‐exchange protons and measured by SEA (Solvent Exposed Amides)‐HSQC experiments for fast‐exchange protons. Temperature coefficients of chemical shifts and hydrogen exchange rates of amide protons show reasonably good correlation with the protein structure. Totally, 44 out of 153 non‐proline assigned residues still exist in 86 d of hydrogen‐deuterium exchange at 4 °C, suggesting that CypA structure should be highly stable. Residues in secondary structures of α2, β1, β2, β5, β6 and β7 might constitute the hydrophobic core of the protein. The change in free energy of unfolding (ΔGu) of CypA was estimated to be (21.99±1.53) kJ·mol−1 by circular dichroism (CD). The large free energy change is also an indicator of the high structural stability.