bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The added value of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing dementia: a review
Authors: Wolfs Claire A. G. , Dirksen Carmen D. , Severens Johan L. , Verhey Frans R. J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of dementia constitutes a major public health challenge to our society. A multidisciplinary approach to dementia is generally recommended.ObjectiveThe objective of this review is to give an overview of the reported empirical studies on the added value of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing dementia, i.e. whether differences can be found between diagnostic multidisciplinary approaches, and/or monodisciplinary ones with respect to the diagnostic outcomes, the impact of diagnostics and their effects on quality of life and costs.MethodCritical review of studies which involve a multidisciplinary assessment of dementia. Literature was systematically searched in a number of international databases (Medline, PsychInfo, Pubmed and EconLit). A first selection was based on screening titles by one author. Interrater reliability was determined by scoring all abstracts by two authors. The reliability of selecting full articles was based on scoring a random sample by two authors. Kappa values were calculated. The Kappa statistic (k) was also used as an indicator of the diagnostic agreement between single disciplines and multidisciplinary teams.ResultsFive studies were identified as relevant for the purpose of this review. The most important outcome was the level of diagnostic agreement between single disciplines and multidisciplinary teams (MTs). Overall, there was substantial agreement (kappa: 0.37–0.76) on the diagnosis dementia (syndrome), but not on the subtypes (aetiology) (AD: 0.26–0.60; VD: 0.35–0.52; depression: 0.30–0.46). Diagnoses also differed between the disciplines.ConclusionsMerely studies on diagnostic accuracy were found, all using different reference standards. Kappa values were chosen as outcome measure and every diagnosis was considered of equal value. Therefore, the added value could not definitively be demonstrated. However, the potential added value of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing dementia probably lies in the ability to differentiate among the subtypes of dementia and to detect comorbid psychiatric conditions such as depression. Disciplines within an MT complement each other in establishing a specific diagnosis, which is considered to be the added value of such a multidisciplinary team. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A digital micro‐mirror device‐based system for the microfabrication of complex, spatially patterned tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Lu Yi , Mapili Gazell , Suhali Gerry , Chen Shaochen , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOur ability to create precise, pre‐designed, spatially patterned biochemical and physical microenvironments inside polymer scaffolds could provide a powerful tool in studying progenitor cell behavior and differentiation under biomimetic, three‐dimensional (3D) culture conditions. We have developed a simple and fast, layer‐by‐layer microstereolithography system consisting of an ultra‐violet light source, a digital micro‐mirror masking device, and a conventional computer projector, that allows fabrication of complex internal features along with precise spatial distribution of biological factors inside a single scaffold. Photo‐crosslinkable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates were used as the scaffold material, and murine bone marrow‐derived cells were successfully encapsulated or seeded on fibronectin‐functionalized scaffolds. Fluorescently‐labeled polystyrene microparticles were used to show the capability of this system to create scaffolds with complex internal architectures and spatial patterns. We demonstrate that precisely controlled pore size and shapes can be easily fabricated using a simple, computer‐aided process. Our results further indicate that multi‐layered scaffolds with spatially distributed factors in the same layer or across different layers can be efficiently manufactured using this technique. These microfabricated scaffolds are conducive for osteogenic differentiation of marrow‐derived stem cells, as indicated by efficient matrix mineralization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Enterococcus faecalis‐mediated biomineralized biofilm formation on root canal dentine in vitro
Authors: Kishen A. , George S. , Kumar R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEnterococcus faecalis is the most predominant bacteria in teeth with failed root canal therapy and is found to survive harsh conditions prevailing in the root canals of endodontically treated teeth. This study aims to investigate the interaction between E. faecalis and root canal dentine substrate. Towards this end, tooth specimens were prepared and divided into two groups. The tooth specimens in group 1 were incubated with E. faecalis for periods of 2‐, 4‐, and 6‐week intervals and the chemical composition of the biofilm was determined using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The tooth specimens in group 2 were incubated with E. faecalis for a period of 6 weeks and the topography and ultrastructure of the biofilm were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and laser confocal scanning microscopy. The sediments formed from the bacterial interaction on the dentine (in group 1) were also examined by SEM and FTIR. These experiments highlighted different stages in the interaction of E. faecalis with root canal dentine. Further, a bacterial‐induced apatite reprecipitation on mature biofilm was also observed. This ability of E. faecalis to form such calcified biofilm on root canal dentine may be a factor that contributes to their persistence after endodontic treatment. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Poly(D,L‐lactic acid) coated 45S5 Bioglass®‐based scaffolds: Processing and characterization
Authors: Chen Q.Z. , Boccaccini A.R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA comparative investigation has been carried out on the mechanical properties and bioactivity of Bioglass®‐based foams, before and after applying a poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) coating layer on the foam struts. It was found that the bioactivity of foams upon immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) was maintained in the PDLLA‐coated foams; however, the transformation kinetics in SBF of the crystalline phase (Na2Ca2Si3O9) in the foam struts to an amorphous calcium phosphate phase was retarded by PDLLA coating. The compressive and three‐point bending strengths of the Bioglass®‐based foams were slightly improved by the PDLLA‐coating, and the work‐of‐fracture of the foams was considerably enhanced, as indicated by stress–strain curves. Immersion in SBF for 4 weeks led to a large decrease of the mechanical strength of as‐sintered foams decreased (from 0.3 to 0.03 MPa), because of the transformation of the crystalline phase to an amorphous calcium phosphate. On the other hand, the mechanical strength was well‐maintained in PDLLA‐coated foams after immersion in SBF for 8 weeks. This behavior was attributed to the in‐situ formation of a nanocomposite PDLLA/calcium phosphate film on the strut surfaces upon immersion in SBF. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Theoretical study on structures and stabilities of [H,Ge,C,N]
Authors: Wang Qiang , Ding Yi‐Hong , Xie Hong‐Bin , Sun Chia‐Chung 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTheoretical investigations are performed for the first time on the simplest hydrogenated germanium cyanide [H,Ge,C,N], whose analogs [H,C2,N] and [H,Si,C,N] have been detected in space and laboratory, respectively. The detailed potential energy surfaces in both singlet and triplet states are constructed at the CCSD(T)/6‐311+G(3df,2p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d)+ZPVE level, including 18 minimum isomers and 26 interconversion transition states. The former three low‐lying and kinetically stabilized isomers are HGeCN 11 (0.0 kcal/mol), HGeNC 12 (5.1 kcal/mol), and cyclic cCHNGe17 (11.1 kcal/mol). In addition, five isomers HCNGe 13 (33.8), HNCGe 15 (29.8), cNHCGe 18 (37.9), HGeCN 31 (30.1), and HNCGe 35 (26.5) each have considerable barriers, despite their high energies. Future laboratory characterization and astrophysical detection of the eight [H,Ge,C,N] isomers, especially the former three low‐lying species 11, 12, and 17, are highly recommended. The accurate spectroscopic data at the QCISD/6‐311G(d,p) level are provided. For some species, the CBS‐QB3 calculations are also performed. Wherever possible, comparisons with the analogous [H,C2,N] and [H,Si,C,N] are made on the structural, energetic, and bonding properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 505–514, 2006
Pleistocene fluvial sediments, palaeontology and archaeology of the upper River Thames at Latton, Wiltshire, England
Authors: Lewis S. G. , Maddy D. , Buckingham C. , Coope G. R. , Field M. H. , Keen D. H. , Pike A. W. G. , Roe D. A. , Scaife R. G. , Scott K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPleistocene fluvial sediments of the Northmoor Member of the Upper Thames Formation exposed at Latton, Wiltshire, record episodic deposition close to the Churn–Thames confluence possibly spanning the interval from Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 7 to 2. The sequence is dominated by gravel facies, indicating deposition by a high‐energy, gravel‐bed river. A number of fine‐grained organic sediment bodies within the sequence have yielded palaeoenvironmental and biostratigraphical data from Mollusca, Coleoptera, vertebrates, pollen and plant macrofossils. The basal deposit (Facies Association A) contains faunal material indicating temperate conditions. Most of the palaeontological evidence including a distinctive small form of mammoth (Mammuthus cf. trogontherii), together with the U‐series age estimate of >147.4 ± 20 kyr suggest correlation with MIS 7. The overlying deposits (Facies Associations B and C) represent deposition under a range of climatic conditions. Two fine‐grained organic deposits occurred within Association B; one (Association Ba) in the northern part of the pit as a channel fill and the other (Association Bb) in its southern part as a scour‐fill deposit. The coleopteran assemblages from Ba, indicate that it accumulated under temperate oceanic conditions, while Bb, which also yielded a radiocarbon age estimate of 39 560 ± 780 14C yr BP, was formed under much colder and more continental climatic conditions. The sequence is considered to represent deposition within an alluvial fan formed at the Churn–Thames confluence; a depositional scenario which may account for the juxtaposition of sediments and fossils of widely differing age within the same altitudinal range. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of bridging diamine linkers on the rate of ligand substitution in a series of dinuclear PtII complexes
Authors: Jaganyi D. , Munisamy V. M. , Reddy D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA series of dinuclear platinumII complexes of the type [{trans‐Pt(H2O)(NH3)2}2‐NH2(CH2)nH2N]4+ (where n = 2, 3, 4, and 6) were synthesized to investigate the influence of the bridging diamine linker on the reactivity of the platinum centers. The pKa values were determined, and the rates of substitution of the aqua moieties by a series of neutral nucleophiles viz. thiourea, 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐thiourea, and 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyl‐2‐thiourea were studied as a function of concentration and temperature. All reactions studied gave excellent fits to a single exponential and obeyed the simple rate law, kobs=k2[Nu]. Negative activation entropies support an associative mode of substitution. The results obtained suggest that the rate of substitution is definitely influenced by the length of the diamine chain, with the rate of substitution decreasing as the length of the diamine chain increases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 202–210, 2006
Complications of laser dermatologic surgery
Authors: Willey Andrea , Anderson R. Rox , Azpiazu Jose L. , Bakus Abnoeal D. , Barlow Richard J. , Dover Jeffrey S. , Garden Jerome M. , Kilmer Suzanne L. , Landa Nerea , Manstein Dieter , Ross E. Victor , Sadick Neil , Tanghetti Emil A. , Yaghmai Dina , Zelickson Brian D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveInnovations in lasers, light and radiofrequency devices have allowed for improved therapeutic efficacy and safety and the ability to treat patients with an ever‐increasing number of medical and aesthetic indications. Safety remains a primary concern and the timely communication of complications and their management is vital to insure that treatments be as safe as possible. The purpose of this report on the Proceedings of the First International Laser Surgery Morbidity Meeting is to provide laser experts the opportunity to present and discuss complications that their patients have experienced and how they were successfully managed.MethodsLaser experts were invited to present complications of laser, light, and radiofrequency treatments that their patients have experienced and to discuss the potential mechanisms leading to the complications their management and final outcomes.ResultsNineteen unique cases are presented and the clinical management of each case discussed. Eighteen sets of pre‐ and post‐operative photos are presented.ConclusionThis report shows that even experts, with extensive experience using light‐based therapies, can and do have patients who develop complications. Sound clinical judgment, and knowing how to avoid complications and their timely post‐operative management, is essential to insure optimal therapeutic outcome. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:1–15, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Learning microsurgical suturing and knotting techniques: comparative data
Authors: Furka Istvan , Brath Endre , Nemeth Norbert , Miko Iren 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCorrectly performed surgical sutures are the basis of surgical safety. This retrospective survey was conducted among participants (n = 263) taking graduate and postgraduate courses between 2000–2004. Placement of sutures, time to perform knotting, safety of knots, and quality of knot stability were tested. None of the students had been previously instructed in microsurgical techniques. At the beginning of the training program, 90–95% of participants damaged the suturing thread at several places. By the end of the course, knotting times significantly decreased in both groups. Graduates decreased their time from 6.8 ± 2.34 min to 3.28 ± 0.71 min (mean ± standard error of the mean), and postgraduates decreased their time from 5.02 ± 3.25 min to 1.54 ± 0.54 min (mean ± standard error of the mean). In our opinion, “mass training” to teach the basics of microsurgery is not a good approach. Instead, individual training should be provided, as tutors offer invaluable advice, and adjust almost each stitch and knot during teaching sessions. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 4–7, 2006.
Use of nonpenetrating vascular closure staples in feline renal transplantation
Authors: Iwai Satomi , Endo Kaoru , Hakamata Yoji , Gregory Clare R. , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRenal transplantation is a potential treatment for irreversible renal failure in pet cats. Our aim is to reduce warm ischemic time by using nonpenetrating vascular closure staples (VCS), thereby improving graft survival. Experimental cats were divided into the VCS group (n = 4; autotransplantation) or suture group (n = 6; allotransplantation). The renal artery was anastomosed with the external iliac artery in an end‐to‐end fashion, and the renal vein was attached to the external iliac vein in an end‐to‐side fashion. Warm ischemic time as well as arterial and venous anastomotic times were measured. Cats in the suture group were administrated cyclosporine and prednisolone orally after transplantation. Ischemic and anastomotic times in the VCS group were significantly reduced compared with the suture group. Two of 6 allografts had a ureteral anastomotic stricture, and 4 allografts were rejected. Histological findings of autografts showed normal structure. In conclusion, VCS staples were useful in feline renal transplantation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 13–16, 2006.
Immune regulatory activity of liver‐derived dendritic cells generated in vivo
Authors: Wu Wenhan , Zheng Ning , Wang Yalan , Fung John J. , Lu Lina , Qian Shiguang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHepatic tolerance is demonstrated by spontaneous acceptance of liver allografts in mice. Hepatic dendritic cells (DC) play a crucial role in determining immunity or tolerance. In this study, we adopted an approach to transfect gene(s) into the mouse liver by tail‐vein injection of plasmid‐carrying genes. Transfection with GM‐CSF expanded liver CD11c+ myeloid DC (LMDC), while liver B220+CD11c− lymphoid DC (LLDC) were expanded after transfection of IL‐3 and CD40L. Flow analysis revealed that these liver DC subsets were phenotypically mature following overnight culture. However, in contrast to LMDC, LLDC induced hyporesponsiveness in allogeneic T‐cells, with suppressed secretion of both IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, and prolonged cardiac allograft survival. This immune regulatory DC population in the liver may play a role in modulating T‐cell immunity in the liver. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 17–20, 2006.
Heme oxygenase 1 expression in postischemic reperfusion liver damage: effect of L‐Arginine
Authors: Lanteri Raffaele , Acquaviva Rosaria , Di Giacomo Claudia , Caltabiano Rosario , Li Destri Giovanni , Vanella Luca , Santangelo Marco , Lanzafame Salvatore , Di Cataldo Antonio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a multifactorial process that affects liver function after transplantation and resectional surgery. Alterations in hepatic microcirculation and decreased hepatic flow can cause local hypoxia and consequently liver damage, which is worsened by reperfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate if treatment with L‐arginine improved hepatic function in rats with I/R injury. Animals were treated with L‐arginine, ischemized for 30 min, and reperfused for 3 h. Plasmatic levels of GOT, GPT, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), and total thiol groups (RSH) were evaluated. In addition, we analyzed hepatic LOOH and RSH levels, DNA fragmentation, heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) expression, and histological modifications. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in hepatic function of I/R rats compared to the control group. Treatment with L‐arginine increased the expression of HO‐1. These data suggest that L‐arginine could be useful in preventing oxidative damage during hepatic surgery. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 25–32, 2006.
Microvascular and epithelial permeability measurements in laboratory animals
Authors: Szabo Andrea , Menger Michael D. , Boros Mihaly 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDisruption of the mucosal permeability barrier is an acute life‐threatening consequence of intestinal transplantation. The major aim of organ preservation techniques is to maintain the mucosal barrier and its function. Thus, assessment of microvascular and epithelial permeability is an important tool to determine the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The use of murine models is particularly advantageous, as numerous immunological approaches (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) and genetically modified animal strains have been developed. Large animal models are also useful because they allow online detection of mucosal permeability changes. In this review, we summarize the available methodologies for measuring microvascular and epithelial permeability in the intestines of laboratory animals. We describe the advantages of various photometric and intravital microscopic methods for the assessment of microvascular permeability. Techniques that determine the inward and outward direction of mucosal permeability changes (including radioenzymatic, fluorimetric, and intravital microscopy methods) are also discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 50–53, 2006.
Solving parabolic problems using local defect correction in combination with the finite volume method
Authors: Minero R. , Anthonissen M.J.H. , Mattheij R.M.M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe present a method for solving partial differential equations characterized by highly localized properties in which the local defect correction (LDC) algorithm for time‐dependent problems is combined with a finite volume discretization. At each time step, LDC computes a numerical solution on a composite grid, a union of a global uniform coarse grid and a local uniform fine grid. The main feature of the method is that the discrete conservation property, typical of the finite volume approach is preserved on the composite grid. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006
The method of fundamental solutions with eigenfunction expansion method for nonhomogeneous diffusion equation
Authors: Young D. L. , Chen C. W. , Fan C. M. , Tsai C. C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this article we describe a numerical method to solve a nonhomogeneous diffusion equation with arbitrary geometry by combining the method of fundamental solutions (MFS), the method of particular solutions (MPS), and the eigenfunction expansion method (EEM). This forms a meshless numerical scheme of the MFS‐MPS‐EEM model to solve nonhomogeneous diffusion equations with time‐independent source terms and boundary conditions for any time and any shape. Nonhomogeneous diffusion equation with complex domain can be separated into a Poisson equation and a homogeneous diffusion equation using this model. The Poisson equation is solved by the MFS‐MPS model, in which the compactly supported radial basis functions are adopted for the MPS. On the other hand, utilizing the EEM the diffusion equation is first translated to a Helmholtz equation, which is then solved by the MFS together with the technique of the singular value decomposition (SVD). Since the present meshless method does not need mesh generation, nodal connectivity, or numerical integration, the computational effort and memory storage required are minimal as compared with other numerical schemes. Test results for two 2D diffusion problems show good comparability with the analytical solutions. The proposed algorithm is then extended to solve a problem with irregular domain and the results compare very well with solutions of a finite element scheme. Therefore, the present scheme has been proved to be very promising as a meshfree numerical method to solve nonhomogeneous diffusion equations with time‐independent source terms of any time frame, and for any arbitrary geometry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2006