bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUMO‐1 modification of MEF2A regulates its transcriptional activity
Authors: Riquelme Cecilia , Barthel Kristen K. B. , Liu Xuedong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMyocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors are crucial regulators controlling muscle‐specific and growth factor‐inducible genes. Numerous studies have reported that the activity of these transcription factors is tightly modulated by posttranslational modifications such as activation by specific phosphorylation as well as repression by class II histone deacetylases (HDACs). We hypothesized that MEF2 could also be regulated by covalent modification by SUMO‐1, a reversible posttranslational modification which has been shown to regulate key proteins involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and tumor suppression. In this study, we demonstrate that MEF2A undergoes sumoylation primarily at a single lysine residue (K395) both in vitro and in vivo. We also show that the nuclear E3 ligase, PIAS1, promotes sumoylation of MEF2A. Mutation of lysine 395 to arginine abolishes MEF2A sumoylation and the sumoylation incompetent mutant protein has enhanced transcriptional activity compared to the wild type protein. Our results suggest that protein sumoylation could play a pivotal role in controlling MEF2 transcriptional activity.
Literatures of Wonder in Early Modern England and America
Authors: Sievers Julie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article surveys seventeenth‐century narratives about ‘wonders’, ‘marvels’, ‘prodigies’, ‘providences’, and ‘remarkables’ and the scholarship that has treated them. Over the past 25 years, narratives about wonders and providences have played an increasingly important role in literary scholarship, the history of science, the history of the book, and the history of popular culture (and especially popular religious culture). The article considers the forms, meanings, and public roles of these ‘remarkable’ texts, and also discusses the scholarly movements that have led to their current prominence in the secondary literature. Although the article limits its focus to early modern texts produced in England and colonial America, it includes a wide range of print formats in which marvels and providences appeared, including cheap print formats such as broadsides and broadside ballads, almanacs, news pamphlets, and early chapbooks; as well as learned texts such as early natural philosophy (science) journals and anthologies published by ministers. The article opens by outlining the nexus of philosophical, political, and cultural developments that prompted an expanded interest in wonders, prodigies, and remarkables among both learned and common people in the period. It then explores the textual corpus itself and the varied rhetorical uses to which wonders were put by writers, publishers, and readers, using the history of Mary Dyer's monster birth for illustration. Finally, it examines the secondary scholarship on these texts.
Shakespeare and the City
Authors: Hansen Adam 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article discusses how critics have conceived the relationship between Shakespeare and the city. Discussion necessarily focuses on early modern London, the city where Shakespeare's plays were first produced and received. The plays represent and are conditioned by the institutions and features of this particular city, such as the Court, the suburbs, the market, citizenship and migration. What will become clear, though, is that critics have shown how Shakespeare's plays constructed understandings of these institutions and features. This article also suggests that early modern London is not the only city to which Shakespeare's works relate. Other cities, past and present, actual and imagined, also affect the plays’ production, conception and reception, and their appropriation in media such as film. Surveying and evaluating recent scholarship, this article details some of the socio‐historical contexts of ‘Shakespeare's’ cities, and raises questions for further study. Where appropriate, discussion refers to specific plays, integrating these references into broader models of interpretation.
Coincidence Studies: Developing a Field of Research
Authors: Hammond Brean 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article proposes the development of a fledgeling research field, one capable of being pursued in a genuinely interdisciplinary fashion, and to be designated ‘coincidence studies’. The starting‐point explored in this article is that a revealing history of narrative might be written by abstracting coincidence as a particular formal or structural feature of all narrative and conducting a diachronic analysis of its incidence and function over the longue durée. Taxonomy of coincidence according to type, and the synchronic examination of the way in which coincidence is embedded in particular narratives at particular historical moments is another, and complementary, approach to the subject. Contextualising the kinds of coincidence encountered in periods and in individual texts might lead to intelligent generalisations about the nature of, for example, ‘Romantic’ or ‘Postmodern’ use of coincidence. The present article has three objectives: to consider the general scope of such a field; to use my own expertise as an eighteenth‐century scholar to indicate what an examination of the early eighteenth‐century might reveal to the student interested in ‘coincidence studies’, going into very brief close‐up on Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, providing thereby a case‐study of how the synchronic method of analysis might work in a particular case; and thirdly, to offer a brief prospectus for a book that a literary scholar interested in coincidence might write.
Studying the Victorian Novel in Print: Professional Authorship and Idiosyncrasy
Authors: Garcha Amanpal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article surveys recent scholarship about Victorian novels’ place in the nineteenth‐century publishing system. With particular attention to criticism concerning the work of William Makepeace Thackeray, it examines how this scholarship, which reflects a renewed, discipline‐wide interest in book history and media studies, adopts some of poststructuralist theory's ideas; it goes on to show the ways this adoption helps differentiate this new work from a previous generation of scholarship on Victorian book history. It contextualizes this new concern with publication, authorial professionalization, and structures of cultural prestige and legitimation in the Victorian period within the pervasive discourse about academic jobs and professionalization during the 1990s, many of the key words and concepts of which are shared by book‐history criticism. Finally, it suggests directions for future study opened up by this new criticism, arguing that this criticism might help analyze the aesthetic particularity of authors’ works – a topic that has merited little attention, as the last several decades’ theoretical trends have focused on abstract linguistic, ideological, and now, publishing systems.
Lyric Narrative Hybrids in Victorian Poetry
Authors: Morgan Monique R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article surveys the last decade of work on lyric narrative hybrids in Victorian poetry. The first section addresses prominent Victorian genres which are themselves lyric narrative hybrids: the dramatic monologue, the verse‐novel, and the sonnet sequence. The second section presents studies of individual Victorian poets or poems that emphasize lyric narrative hybridity. The third section broadens the discussion to include general theories of lyric narrative hybrids that are not specific to the Victorian period but that can be fruitfully applied to it. The article concludes by suggesting that the renewed interest in Victorian lyric narrative is part of the broader resurgence of formalist approaches to literature.
Surrogate Versus Couple Therapy in Vaginismus
Authors: Ben-Zion Itzhak , Rothschild Shelly , Chudakov Bella , Aloni Ronit 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women who do not have a cooperative partner cannot complete the usual therapeutic process in the treatment of vaginismus, because they cannot progress to the stage of practicing the insertion of the man partner's fingers and the insertion of a penis.

Aim
To compare traditional couple therapy with therapy utilizing a surrogate partner.

Methods
The study was controlled and retrospective. Data were obtained from the treatment charts of patients who had come to the clinic for treatment of vaginismus. Sixteen vaginismus patients who were treated with a man surrogate partner were compared with 16 vaginismus patients who were treated with their own partners.

Main Outcome Measures
Successful pain-free intercourse upon completion of therapy.

Results
One hundred percent of the surrogate patients succeeded in penile–vaginal intercourse compared with 75% in the couples group (P = 0.1). All surrogate patients ended the therapy because it was fully successful, compared with 69% in the couples group. Twelve percent of the couples group ended the therapy because it failed, and 19% because the couples decided to separate.

Conclusion
Treating vaginismus with a man surrogate partner was at least as effective as couple therapy. Surrogate therapy may be considered for vaginismus patients who have no cooperative partner.
Proposal for Changes in Diagnostic Criteria for Sexual Dysfunctions
Authors: Segraves Robert , Balon Richard , Clayton Anita 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Officially sanctioned diagnostic criteria have a major influence on treatment decisions and on how populations are defined for clinical research. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association has had a major influence on research concerning the treatment of sexual disorders and has been criticized on numerous grounds.

Aim
The purpose of this article is to describe the evolution of criteria sets in the DSM and to critically evaluate suggestions for modification of this system.

Method
All living members of the DSM work groups on sexual dysfunction were contacted regarding their recollections of the evolution of criteria sets. Literature concerning diagnostic criteria for the sexual dysfunctions in the DSM, as well as literature suggesting modification of this system, was reviewed.

Main Outcome Measure
Recommendations for changes in the DSM-V system were based upon a review of the evidence concerning optimal criteria for each diagnostic entity.

Results
The original diagnostic system from sexual disorders in the DSM was developed by expert opinion, literature searches, and solicitation of feedback for other experts in the field. There have been minimal changes in the DSM criteria for sexual dysfunctions because of the requirement that there be substantial empirical data before modification of the system would be considered. An international consensus group has suggested major modification in criteria concerning female sexual dysfunctions. There is a growing database that documents the need to change criteria for premature ejaculation.

Conclusion
It is recommended that some of the suggested modifications to the criteria sets for sexual dysfunctions be adopted by the DSM-V committee. It is also recommended that specific criteria related to duration and severity be adopted, in order to clearly distinguish sexual disorders from transient alterations in sexual function related to life stress and relationship discord.
Medical Treatment of Retrograde Ejaculation in Diabetic Patients: A Hope for Spontaneous Pregnancy
Authors: Arafa Mohamad , El Tabie Omar 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Different therapeutic approaches are present, whether medical or surgical, with limited success rates.

Aim
The aim of the present study is to evaluate different drug regimens for the medical treatment of RE in diabetic patients.

Patients and Methods
Thirty-three diabetic patients with RE (23 complete and 10 partial) were included in the study. Patients were given three sequential courses of medical treatment: imipramine 25 mg twice/day, pseudoephidrine 120 mg twice/day, or combination of the two drugs.

Main Outcome Measures
Establishment of antegrade ejaculate in cases with complete RE and improvement of semen quality in case of partial RE.

Results
In cases with complete RE, imipramine was successful in producing antegrade ejaculate in 10 patients (38.5%), while pseudoephedrine was successful in 11 patients (47.8%), and both drugs given together was successful in 16 patients (61.5%). In cases with partial RE, there was significant increase in the antegrade semen sample as regards semen volume, sperm count, total, and progressive motility with imipramine alone, pseudoephidrine alone, and both drugs.

Conclusion
From the present study we can conclude that medical treatment for RE in diabetic patients is a promising method and should be the first line of treatment in these cases.
Antisense and Short Hairpin RNA (shRNA) Constructs Targeting PIN (Protein Inhibitor of NOS) Ameliorate Aging-Related Erectile Dysfunction in the Rat
Authors: Magee Thomas R. , Kovanecz Istvan , Davila Hugo H. , Ferrini Monica G. , Cantini Liliana , Vernet Dolores , Zuniga Freddi I. , Rajfer Jacob , Gonzalez-Cadavid Nestor F. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Over-expression of penile neuronal nitric oxide synthase (PnNOS) from a plasmid ameliorates aging-related erectile dysfunction (ED), whereas over-expression of the protein inhibitor of NOS (PIN), that binds to nNOS, increases ED.

Aim
To improve this form of gene therapy for ED by comparing the electrical field response of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for PIN with that of antisense PIN RNA.

Main Outcome Measure
Both shRNA and antisense RNA gene therapy vectors increased intracavernosal pressure in aged rats.

Methods
PIN small interfering RNA (siRNA), and plasmid constructs for cytomegalovirus promoter plasmid vector (pCMV-PIN), pCMV-PIN antisense RNA, pSilencer2.1-U6-PIN-shRNA; and pSilencer2.1-U6-randomer-shRNA were prepared and validated by transfection into HEK293 cells, determining the effects on PIN expression by Western blot. Plasmid constructs were then injected, followed by electroporation, into the penile corpora cavernosa of aged (20-month-old) Fisher 344 rats and, 1 month later, the erectile response was measured by intracavernosal pressure increase following electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the cavernosal nerve. PIN was estimated in penile tissue by Western blot and real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) measurements were conducted by competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Immunohistofluorescence detected PIN in corporal tissue sections.

Results
In cell culture, PIN siRNA and plasmid-expressed pU6-PIN-shRNA effectively reduced PIN expression from pCMV-PIN. pSilencer2.1-U6-PIN-shRNA corrected the impaired erectile response to EFS in aged rats and raised it above the value for young rats, more efficiently than pCMV-PIN antisense RNA. PIN mRNA expression in the penis was decreased by &gt;70% by the shRNA but remained unaffected by the antisense RNA, whereas PIN protein expression was reduced in both cases, particularly in the dorsal nerve. PIN antisense increased cGMP concentration in treated tissue by twofold.

Conclusion
pSilencer2.1-U6-PIN-shRNA gene therapy was more effective than the antisense PIN mRNA in ameliorating ED in the aged rat, thereby suggesting that PIN is indeed a physiological inhibitor of nNOS and nitrergic neurotransmission in the penis.
REVIEWS
Authors: Harris Steven M. 
Published: May 2007

REVIEWS:Kasser, T., & Kanner, A. D. (Eds.). (2004). Psychology and Consumer culutre: The struggle for a good life in a materialistic world.REVIEWS:Hargragve, D., & Pifitzer, F. (2003). The new contextual therapy: guiding the Power of give and take.REVIEWS:Silverstiein, L. B., & Goodrich, T. J. (Eds.). (2003). Feminist family therapy: Empowerment in social context.CLARIFICATION:The review of Kaethe Weingarten's bookCommon Shock‐Witnessing Violence Every Day: How We are Harmed, How We Can Heal, by Charette Dersch (Journal of marital and Family Therapy,
A Symposium on the New Fight for Fluorides: Part I: The Opposition to Fluoride Programs: Report of a Survey
Authors: Watson M. Lisa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractState dental directors were surveyed in spring 1984 regarding fluoridation and fluoride programs. Forty‐four states reported existing fluoride mouth‐rinse programs in schools; 22, fluoride tablets in schools. About 90 percent of directors felt that support for fluoride programs by state departments of health and constituent dental societies either had remained the same or increased over the previous five years. Approximately half felt the antifluoridation movement to be as strong as five years earlier. About one‐third indicated a shift in focus by water fluoridation opponents to include other fluoride systems. Most felt this shift occurred during 1981–82. Information was reported on 255 individual challenges to fluoride programs. Results of this survey indicate that expenditure of considerable resources and effort continues to be necessary to ensure the longevity of public fluoride systems.
A Symposium on the New Fight for Fluorides: Part II: Priorities to Preserve Fluoride Uses: Rationales and Strategies
Authors: Frazier P. Jean 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWell‐planned, new initiatives are required to preserve fluoride uses, especially water fluoridation. Discussed are barriers to fluoride promotion, evidence about public and health‐care providers' knowledge and opinions about fluoride use and decision making, implications of sources of public information on fluorides, consequences to professionals and the public of being misinformed about fluorides, and four general strategies for promoting fluorides under varying conditions. Educational and political initiatives must be appropriate to state needs and conditions. Four broad categories of actions include: 1) diagnosis and planning for education/promotion; 2) public and professional education under both noncontroversial and controversial conditions, 3) political persuasion where required, and 4) changing the context of fluoridation decision making to prevent public referenda on public health measures.
Applying an Evaluation Model to a Dental Public Health Program
Authors: Scheetz James P. , Gholston Lamont R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe applicability of an evaluation model applied to an urban dental public health program was assessed. The model required the specification of objectives and focuses on the accomplishment of these objectives and the associated costs. This model is primarily a goal model as contrasted with a system model; thus, the focus was on goal accomplishment. The model was simple to use and provided detailed evaluation information for use by administrators.
A Symposium on Building a Coalition To Improve the Public's Oral Health: The Public's Oral Health and the Dental Research Community—Participant or Observer?
Authors: Newbrun Ernest 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDental researchers may sometimes find themselves called upon to enter the public arena to promote or defend measures to improve the public's oral health. It is important, therefore, to keep up‐to‐date information at hand to supply to news media, public officials, and others, and to be aware of the opportunities and the pitfalls involved in communicating with the public.
A Symposium on Building a Coalition To Improve the Public's Oral Health: Dental Hygiene's New Initiative—How Can We Work Together?
Authors: Westphal Cheryl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis presentation speaks to many issues upon which the American Dental Hygienists' Association and the American Public Health Association agree. The boundaries are limitless for ADHA and APHA to work together to increase access to preventive care and to establish the dental hygienist as the provider to preventive dental care. Shaping the Nation's Health Agenda through coalition building is a way to the future for total body wellness and optimum oral health.
Methodological Considerations in a Dental Epidemiologic Survey of an Elderly Population*
Authors: Hunt Ronald J. , Beck James D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe proportion of the US population that is age 65 or over is increasing and edentulism rates are declining. The community's elderly population is becoming an increasingly important constituency for dental public health. Little is known, however, about the actual oral health status of these people. An assessment of oral health in the elderly presents many considerations not found in an assessment of oral health among children. The selection of subjects to represent all the elderly in the community is difficult. Caries assessment is complicated by the need to distinguish between coronal caries and root caries and by the inability to determine accurately the reason for prior tooth loss. Periodontal assessment is more difficult than in younger populations because the conditions tend to be advanced. The recruitment of participants is difficult because each potential subject must be contacted individually. These assessments are needed so the oral status of adult populations can be determined.
The Future of the Caries Decline
Authors: Burt Brian A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDental caries declined in prevalence and severity among schoolchildren in the United States during the 1970s, although it still remains a problem in some areas. The decline could have started well before the 1970s, even though it was only recently identified. Caries should continue to decline as long as fluoride use remains around current levels. Use of fluoride toothpaste seems to be increasing. Sugar consumption is stable, although sucrose consumption as a proportion of total sugar consumption is declining. Increased tooth retention is thought to increase the risk of root caries in older persons, but the continued use of fluoride toothpaste should minimize any such increase. The main growth area for fluoride use may be in toothpastes. Monitoring caries trends in the future will require good data on the epidemiology of caries in young and middle‐aged adults.
The Surface‐Specific Caries Pattern of Participants in a School‐Based Fluoride Mouthrinsing Program with Implications for the Use of Sealants
Authors: Ripa Louis W. , Leske Gary S. , Sposato Alice 
Published: May 2007

Abstract This paper describes the surface‐specific changes in the DMFS after seven years of a school‐based mouthrinsing program occurring in the elementary schools of the fluoride‐deficient Three Village Central School District, Long Island, New York. The effectiveness of mouthrinsing was evaluated annually by comparing the caries prevalence of a random sample of participants to that of Three Village elementary schoolchildren examined in 1975, prior to the beginning of the program. Because sixth‐grade children rinsed the longest and had the longest exposure to the caries challenge, only sixth‐grade children who participated in the program are included in the analysis. Overall, they experienced a 50 percent reduction in dental caries; the reduction was not uniformly experienced by all surfaces. Proximal surface caries showed the greatest rate of change but the least absolute change, because the amount of proximal carious lesions was low initially. Occlusal surfaces showed the greatest absolute reduction in dental caries, whereas buccolingual surfaces had the lowest percentage reduction. The majority of the decayed or filled surfaces, 94 percent, involved pits or fissures. Therefore, it was concluded that the combined use of sealants and weekly fluoride rinsing could produce a virtual elimination of dental decay in elementary schoolchildren.