bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ligand occupancy of endothelial protein C receptor switches the protease-activated receptor 1-dependent signaling specificity of thrombin from a permeability-enhancing to a barrier-protective response in endothelial cells
Authors: Bae Jong-Sup , Yang Likui , Manithody Chandrashekhara , Rezaie Alireza R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that activated protein C (APC) may exert its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities through the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-dependent cleavage of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) on vascular endothelial cells. Noting that (1) the activation of protein C on endothelial cells requires thrombin, (2) relative to APC, thrombin cleaves PAR-1 with approximately 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher catalytic efficiency, and (3) PAR-1 is a target for the proinflammatory activity of thrombin, it is not understood how APC can elicit a protective signaling response through the cleavage of PAR-1 when thrombin is present. In this study, we demonstrate that EPCR is associated with caveolin-1 in lipid rafts of endothelial cells and that its occupancy by the γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) domain of protein C/APC leads to its dissociation from caveolin-1 and recruitment of PAR-1 to a protective signaling pathway through coupling of PAR-1 to the pertussis toxin–sensitive Gi-protein. Thus, when EPCR is bound by protein C, the PAR-1 cleavage-dependent protective signaling responses in endothelial cells can be mediated by either thrombin or APC. These results provide a new paradigm for understanding how PAR-1 and EPCR participate in protective signaling events in endothelial cells.
Milk fermentation products of L. helveticus R389 activate calcineurin as a signal to promote gut mucosal immunity
Authors: Vinderola Gabriel , Matar Chantal , Perdigón Gabriela 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundFermented milks containing probiotic bacteria are a way of delivering bioactive constituents to targets in the gastrointestinal tract. We reported previously that the fermentation of milk at constant pH 6 byL. helveticusR389 increased its content of peptide fractions, and the oral administration of the non-bacterial fraction (FMSpH6) to mice increased total secretory IgA in the intestinal lumen and enhanced the number of IgA and various cytokines producing cells as well as the secretion of IL-6 by small intestine epithelial cells. We also demonstrated that this FMSpH6 was effective for the prevention ofSalmonella typhimuriuminfection in mice. In this work, we studied in mice the impact of the oral administration of the supernatant of milk fermented byL. helveticusR389 on the gut physiology by measuring parameters such as calcium channels and E-cadherin expression, the activation of the biological signal calcineurin and mast and goblet cells, as a way to determine some mechanisms involved in the immunomodulating effects of the milk fermentation products, observed in previous studies. We analyzed the impact of the supernatant of milk fermented byL. helveticusR389 at pH6-controlled on the expression of calcineurin and on the reinforcement of the ephitelial barrier, measuring parameters such as calcium channels and E-cadherin expression and in the reinforcement of the non-specific immunity determining mast cells and goblet cells associated to the gut.ResultsWe observed an enhanced expression of TRPV6 channels in the duodenum, indicating an improved capacity for dietary Ca2+ uptake. We demonstrated an enhanced expression of calcineurin in the small intestine, able to upregulate immune parameters such as IL-2 and TNF production, with an increase in the number of these cytokines secreting cells. We determined an increase in the number of mucosal mast cells and goblet cells, which would mean an improved state of mucosal surveillance at sites of infection.ConclusionThe oral administration of the supernatant of milk fermented byL. helveticusR389 enhanced the gut mucosal immunity by improving the mechanisms that reinforce the epithelial and non-specific barriers and the gut functioning at sites of infection, with an improvement in the expression of the enzyme calcineurin, an important signal in the network that activates the gut immune system. The results of this work contribute to revealing the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulation of the gut immune function by fermented milks with probiotic bacteria.
Dying from cardiac tamponade
Authors: Swaminathan Aravind , Kandaswamy Karikalan , Powari Manish , Mathew Joseph 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
To determine the causes of cardiac tamponade (CT), focussing especially on haemopericardium (HP), as a terminal mode of death, within a 430,000 rural English population.

Methods
Our hospital mortuary register and, all postmortem reports between 1995 and 2004 inclusive, were interrogated for patients dying of CT or HP. The causes of CT/HP and selected morphological characteristics were then determined.

Results
14,368 postmortems were performed in this period: of these, 461 patients died of CT. Three cases were due to non-haemorrhagic pericardial effusion. HP accounted for the remaining 458 cases of which, five were post-traumatic, 311 followed rupture of an acute myocardial infarction (RAMI), 138 after intra-pericardial rupture of dissecting ascending aortic aneurysms (RD3A) and four were due to miscellaneous causes.
HP was more commonly due to RAMI. Men tended to die from RAMI or RD3A earlier than women. RAMI or RD3A were commoner in men <70 yrs, but more frequent in women after this.
Two thirds of RAMI were associated with coronary artery thrombosis. Anterior free wall rupture was commonest overall, and in women, but posterior free wall rupture was commoner in men.
The volume of intrapericardial blood in RAMI (mean = 440 ml) and RD3A (mean = 498 ml) varied between 150 and 1000 ml: intrapericardial blood volume was greater in men than in women dying from either RAMI or RD3A.

Conclusion
At postmortem, CT is most often related to HP, attributable to either RAMI or intrapericardial RD3A. Post-traumatic and other causes of CT are infrequent.
Distance travelled and offence characteristics in homicide, rape, and robbery against business
Authors: Santtila Pekka , Laukkanen Manne , Zappalà Angelo , Bosco Dario 
Published: September 2007

Purpose. We aimed (1) to describe distances from home to offence locations (journey‐to‐crime) of offenders in difficult‐to‐solve homicides and rapes as well as robberies against businesses; (2) to see whether the distances in these offences differ from each other; and (3) to test whether selected features related to the offence would be associated with the distances.Methods. Lists of difficult‐to‐solve (DTS) homicides (N = 99) and rapes (N = 56) as well as robberies against businesses (N = 275) from the city of Milan (Italy) were acquired. The collected data consisted of home and offence location coordinates with information on the behaviour of the offenders (for rapes and homicides). The journey‐to‐crime functions were calibrated using the journey‐to‐crime module of CrimeStatIII©.Results. Most distances were short. In homicides, distances were below 1 km, in rapes below 2 km whereas in robberies against businesses almost 6 km. Some crime features were correlated with the distances in rape and homicide cases. Combining the behavioural information to a spatial behaviour measure allowed for better prediction of travelled distances compared to using single variables.Conclusions. The results have practical implications for crime investigations as the crime features explored were, as a rule, such that they would be known by the police prior to the offender being identified. A general theoretical framework for binding together journey‐to‐crime distances and offender crime scene behaviour and other important crime features is needed.
The Development of Social–Emotional Competence in Preschool-Aged Children: An Introduction to the Fun FRIENDS Program
Authors: Pahl Kristine M. , Barrett Paula M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe development of social–emotional competence is of key importance during early childhood, particularly during the preschool years. We too often believe that early childhood education should focus on the promotion of academic skills to increase intelligence and, therefore, neglect the importance of social and emotional learning. Children who are socially and emotionally well adjusted do better at school, have increased confidence, have good relationships, take on and persist at challenging tasks and communicate well. The school setting is the optimal environment to implement interventions focused on increasing social–emotional competence. This article examines the importance of developing social–emotional competence during the early years of life and discusses universal intervention approaches within the classroom. A particular universal intervention program — The Fun FRIENDS program (Barrett, 2007) — aimed at increasing social–emotional competence is described in detail. The Fun FRIENDS program is a developmentally tailored, downward extension of the preexisting, evidence-based FRIENDS for Life program (Barrett 2004; 2005).
So Worried I Don't Know What To Be: Anxiety is Associated With Increased Career Indecision and Reduced Career Certainty
Authors: Campagna C. Giuseppina , Curtis Guy J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere is a relationship between career indecision and anxiety, however the relative contributions of state and trait anxiety are unclear in the literature. 110 first-year university students completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Career Decision Scale (CDS) to measure anxiety and career indecision. Regression analyses revealed that state and trait anxiety made independent contributions to career indecision and that state anxiety is a much stronger predictor of career certainty than is trait anxiety. Although anxiety significantly predicted career decidedness, participants did not indicate that anxiety impacted on their career decidedness in response to open-ended questions. As such, counselling clients may not be consciously aware that anxiety impacts on their career decidedness. It is recommended that counsellors create a relaxed environment to ease clients' career decision making.
A Variation on Functional Analysis in the Classroom: A Clinical Note
Authors: Bitsika Vicki , Sharpley Christopher F. , Hawkins Robyn 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTraditional Functional Analytic procedures rely upon the identification of one or two ‘target’ behaviours for examination via observation and analysis. From these data, multiple functions are identified for each target behaviour via antecedent-behaviour-consequence data collection. However, although these methodologies have been shown to be effective with a wide range of inappropriate behaviours in classrooms, they have limitations when the inappropriate behaviours are so many and varied that selection of one or two as ‘targets’ becomes unreliable in terms of obtaining an accurate representation of the child's overall behavioural repertoire. A variation on this procedure is described and data from a case example are presented as a suggested alternative way of obtaining the kind of data required for effective classroom management of difficult behaviour.
DVD Reviews
Authors: Nixon Bryan , Palmer Liza , Palmer Tim , Caputo Davide , Dickison Stephanie 
Published: September 2007

Letters from Iwo Jima, (2006)
Kicking and Screaming, (1995)
Army of Shadows, (1969)

Roman Polanski: The Cinema of a Cultural Traveller Ewa Mazierska, (2007) London: I.B. Tauris, 240 pp., ISBN: 1845112962 (hbk), 39.50

The Face on the Screen:
Death, Recognition
& Spectatorship Therese Davis (2004) Bristol, UK and Portland, OR: Intellect, 122 pp., ISBN 1-814-150-084-4 (pbk), 39.95
Resident Endothelial Precursors in Muscle, Adipose, and Dermis Contribute to Postnatal Vasculogenesis
Authors: Grenier Guillaume , Scimè Anthony , Le Grand Fabien , Asakura Atsushi , Perez-Iratxeta Carolina , Andrade-Navarro Miguel A. , Labosky Patricia A. , Rudnicki Michael A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel population of tissue-resident endothelial precursors (TEPs) was isolated from small blood vessels in dermal, adipose, and skeletal muscle of mouse based on their ability to be grown as spheres. Cellular and molecular analyses of these cells revealed that they were highly related regardless of the tissue of origin and distinct from embryonic neural stem cells. Notably, TEPs did not express hematopoietic markers, but they expressed numerous characteristics of angiogenic precursors and their differentiated progeny, such as CD34, Flk-1, Tie-1, CD31, and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). TEPs readily differentiated into endothelial cells in newly formed vascular networks following transplantation into regenerating skeletal muscle. Taken together, these experiments suggest that TEPs represent a novel class of endothelial precursors that are closely associated with small blood vessels in muscle, adipose, and dermal tissue. This finding is of particular interest since it could bring new insight in cancer angiogenesis and collateral blood vessels developed following ischemia.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
On the Origin of Multiple Mutant Clones in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: Traulsen Arne , Pacheco Jorge M. , Dingli David 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The pool of hematopoietic stem cells that actively contributes to hematopoiesis is small, and the cells replicate slowly. Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria invariably have a mutation in the PIG-A gene, and many have more than one clone of PIG-A mutated cells. Typically there is a dominant clone and a smaller second clone. By using a combination of stochastic dynamics and models of hematopoiesis, we show that it is very unlikely that more than one PIG-A mutated clone arises at the level of the hematopoietic stem cells. More likely, the smaller clone develops in the progenitor cell pool that would be expected to contribute to hematopoiesis for a shorter period of time. We provide estimates for the duration of these contributions and testable hypotheses that can shed important insights on this acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Telomeric Transgenes Are Silenced in Adult Mouse Tissues and Embryo Fibroblasts but Are Expressed in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Gao Qing , Reynolds Gloria E. , Innes Lindsay , Pedram Mehrdad , Jones Ella , Junabi Mustafa , Gao Dong-wei , Ricoul Michelle , Sabatier Laure , Van Brocklin Henry , Franc Benjamin L. , Murnane John P. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
In addition to their role in protecting the ends of chromosomes, telomeres also influence the expression of adjacent genes, a process called telomere-position effect. We previously reported that the neo and HSV-tk transgenes located adjacent to telomeres in mouse embryonic stem cells are initially expressed at low levels and then become gradually silenced upon passage in culture through a process involving DNA methylation. We also reported extensive DNA methylation in these telomeric transgenes in three different tissues isolated from mice generated from one of these embryonic stem cell clones. In the present study, we demonstrate that embryo fibroblasts isolated from two different mouse strains show extensive DNA methylation and silencing of the telomeric transgenes. Consistent with this observation, we also demonstrate little or no detectable expression of the HSV-tk telomeric transgene in somatic tissues using whole body imaging. In contrast, both telomeric transgenes are expressed at low levels and have little DNA methylation in embryonic stem cell lines isolated from these same mouse strains. Our results demonstrate that telomere-position effect in mammalian cells can be observed either as a low level of expression in embryonic stem cells in the preimplantation embryo or as complete silencing and DNA methylation in differentiated cells and somatic tissues. This pattern of expression of the telomeric transgenes demonstrates that subtelomeric regions, like much of the genome, are epigenetically reprogrammed in the preimplantation embryo, a process that has been proposed to be important in early embryonic development.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Evaluation of melamine‐modified urea‐formaldehyde resins as particleboard binders
Authors: Young No B. , Kim Moon G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractParticleboards bonded with 6 and 12% melamine‐modified urea‐formaldehyde (UMF) resins were manufactured using two different press temperatures and press times and the mechanical properties, water resistance, and formaldehyde emission (FE) values of boards were measured in comparison to a typical urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin as control. The formaldehyde/(urea + melamine) (F/(U + M)) mole ratio of UMF resins and F/U mole ratio of UF resins were 1.05, 1.15, and 1.25 that encompass the current industrial values near 1.15. UMF resins exhibited better physical properties, higher water resistance, and lower FE values of boards than UF resin control for all F/(U + M) mole ratios tested. Therefore, addition of melamine at these levels can provide lower FE and maintain the physical properties of boards. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Facile Synthesis and Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,3‐Bis(pinacolatoboryl)‐1,3‐butadiene
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Kurahashi Takuya , Shimono Katsuhiro , Tanaka Kei , Nagao Ikuhiro , Kiyomoto Shin‐ichi , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTreatment of 1,1‐bis(pinacolatoboryl)ethene with an excess of 1‐bromo‐1‐lithioethene gave 2,3‐bis(pinacolatoboryl)‐1,3‐butadiene in high yield. Palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of the resulting diborylbutadiene with aryl iodides took place smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2/PPh3and aqueous KOH to give 2,3‐diaryl‐1,3‐butadienes in good yields. The coupling reaction with commercially available 4‐acetoxyphenylmethyl chloride under the same conditions followed by hydrolysis of the acetyl groups gave anolignan B in a one‐pot manner. A variety of [3]‐ to [6]dendralenes were synthesized by palladium‐catalyzed coupling of the diene or 1,1‐bis(pinacolato)borylethene with alkenyl or dienyl halides, respectively, in good yields.
Synthesis and Characterization of Acetylene‐Linked Bisphenalenyl and Metallic‐Like Behavior in Its Charge‐Transfer Complex
Authors: Kubo Takashi , Goto Yuko , Uruichi Mikio , Yakushi Kyuya , Nakano Masayoshi , Fuyuhiro Akira , Morita Yasushi , Nakasuji Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe prepared and isolated a phenalenyl‐based neutral hydrocarbon (1 b) with a biradical index of 14 %, as well as its charge‐transfer (CT) complex 1 b–F4‐TCNQ. The crystal structure and the small HOMO–LUMO gap assessed by electrochemical and optical methods support the singlet‐biradical contribution to the ground state of the neutral 1 b. This biradical character suggests that 1 b has the electronic structure of phenalenyl radicals coupled weakly through an acetylene linker, that is, some independence of the two phenalenyl moieties. The monocationic species 1 b.+ was obtained by reaction with the organic electron acceptor F4‐TCNQ. The cationic species has a small disproportionation energy ΔE for the reaction 2×1 b.+⇌1 b+1 b2+, which presumably originates from the independence of the phenalenyl moieties. The small ΔE led to a small on‐site Coulombic repulsion Ueff=0.61 eV in the CT complex. Moreover, a very effective orbital overlap of the phenalenyl rings between molecules afforded a relatively large transfer integral t=0.09 eV. The small Ueff/4t ratio (=1.7) resulted in a metallic‐like conductive behavior at around room temperature. Below 280 K, the CT complex showed a transition into a semiconductive state as a result of bond formation between phenalenyl and F4‐TCNQ carbon atoms.
Pharmacokinetics of diclofenac in rats intoxicated with CCL4, and in the regenerating liver
Authors: Reyes‐Gordillo Karina , Muriel Pablo , Castañeda‐Hernández Gilberto , Favari Liliana 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of an intravenous and oral diclofenac dose of 3.2 mg/kg was studied in male Wistar rats under control conditions, 1 and 3 days after liver damage and regeneration induced by an oral injection of CCl4. One day after CCl4administration, indicators of necrosis (alanine aminotransferase), cholestasis (γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase) and regeneration (α‐fetoprotein) were significantly increased; these effects were reversed after 3 days. In nonintoxicated rats,t1/2was 43.83 ± 4.95 min,Vdwas 0.37 ± 0.04 l/kg,Clwas 129.21 ± 9.20 ml/min kg,AUCi.v.was 25.62 ± 1.45 µg/min ml, andAUCp.o.was 20.21 ± 1.03. One day after intoxication, when the liver was damaged and regenerating, the metabolism was decreased: diclofenact1/2was increased to 258.21 ± 30.80 min butVddid not change significantly, thereforeClwas reduced to 32.81 ± 3.38 ml/min kg. By day 3 after intoxication, liver function, regeneration and pharmacokinetics returned to normal. The results show that liver damage and regeneration increases the bioavailability by decreasing elimination. The present observations suggest that reduction of the pharmacokinetic parameters may lead to drug accumulation in the regenerating‐damaged liver with an attendant possible increase in toxic effects. The results in rats, also suggest that once hepatic injury is finished and regeneration is complete, diclofenac can be administered normally. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of rifampicin and pyrazinamide on isoniazid pharmacokinetics in rats
Authors: Baldan Helen M. , De Rosa Helene J. , Brunetti Iguatemy L. , Ximenes Valdecir F. , Machado Rosângela G. P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTuberculosis chemotherapy involves combination of the drugs isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP) and pyrazinamide (PYR) for a 6‐month period. The present work investigated the influence of RMP and PYR on the pharmacokinetic parameters of INH when groups of rats were pre‐treated for 21 days with INH alone or in combination with RMP and/or PYR, in the following amounts per kg body weight: INH 100 mg; INH 100 mg+RMP 100 mg; INH 100 mg+PYR 350 mg; INH 100 mg+PYR 350 mg+RMP 100 mg. It was found that the co‐administration of PYR caused an increase in the INH distribution volume (Vd/F), half‐life of elimination (t1/2β) and clearance (ClT/F), and a decrease in the area under curve 0 to 24 h (AUC). Co‐administration of RMP caused an increase in the ClT/F and a decrease in the AUC. The combination INH+PYR+RMP caused an increase in the ClT/F and a decrease in the AUC. These significant pharmacokinetic interactions between the tuberculostatic drugs might be related to differences in the therapeutic and toxic effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.