bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of urbanization and climate change on urban drainage system
Authors: Le Hoang Nghia , Vo Duc‐Phuoc , Nguyen Quang Dinh , Nguyen Binh Quang , Nguyen Chi Cong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUrban flooding is one of the significant issues that many cities are dealing with to ensure sustainable development. Upgrading the drainage systems is a standard measure that engineers have often used to reduce the risk of flooding. Because of climate change and urbanization, stormwater management systems may be inadequate to convey generated overflow in their catchment, which results in severe flooding in many cities worldwide. This research investigates climate change and urbanization's influence on urban flooding by simulating the EPA Stormwater Management Model for drainage systems in an urban catchment in An Ha, Tam Ky, Quang Nam. The results showed that urbanization shortens the initial abstraction ability while climate change increases extreme rainfall and water levels of receiving sources. Additionally, the impacts are even more substantial when the high urbanization rate increases by more than 70%, together with climate change.
Economy of production: A theory of household labor organization and material reuse
Authors: Meyers Maureen S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHousehold economic studies of preindustrial societies have overlooked one very specific and common material aspect: thrift. This article introduces a theory of economic production for household analysis that focuses on the economic use of materials, space, and labor. This framework is especially integral to understanding emergence of hierarchies. In emerging hierarchies, craft production at the household level can play a key part in the accumulation of power because the scale and type of craft production are moderated by the availability and abundance of material, space, and labor. Control of craft production can mean control of material, space, and labor, and thrifty control can increase production; this is key to emerging economies, particularly those located in a frontier area. Because women are often most associated with household labor, examining cultural definitions of thrift and waste provides a more complete understanding of household gender relations and reframes the importance of women's labor. Using an example from a 14th‐century Mississippian frontier site in Virginia, I show that women engaged in craft production and that by using materials, space, and labor economically, they increased their power over time. An economy of production theoretical perspective highlights a significant factor, thrift, in household organization and agency.
Longitudinal associations between self‐compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation in adolescent boys and girls
Authors: Pang Yaling , Li Wanjun , Song Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aims to elucidate associations among self‐compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation, particularly with respect to gender differences. Using a multigroup cross‐lagged panel model, we conducted a longitudinal evaluation of 424 Chinese adolescents (55.85% boys; Mage = 18.02, SD = 0.73 at baseline). Our findings indicated that suicidal ideation at T1 positively predicted depression 6 months later, while negatively predicted self‐compassion. However, self‐compassion negatively predicted depression 6 months later, specifically in boys, but not in girls. Furthermore, self‐compassion significantly mediated the relationship between suicidal ideation at T1 and depression at T2. This study helps to uncover the underlying relationships between self‐compassion, depression, and suicidal ideation, and also provide a detailed insight into the differential effects of self‐compassion on depression among boys and girls.
Ultrathin, Mechanically Durable, and Scalable Polymer‐in‐Salt Solid Electrolyte for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pan Long , Feng Shengfa , Sun Hui , Liu Xiong Xiong , Yuan Pengcheng , Cao Mufan , Gao Min , Wang Yaping , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolymer‐in‐salt solid‐state electrolytes (PIS SSEs) are emerging for high room‐temperature ionic conductivity and facile handling, but suffer from poor mechanical durability and large thickness. Here, Al2O3‐coated PE (PE/AO) separators are proposed as robust and large‐scale substrates to trim the thickness of PIS SSEs without compromising mechanical durability. Various characterizations unravel that introducing Al2O3 coating on PE separators efficiently improves the wettability, thermal stability, and Li‐dendrite resistance of PIS SSEs. The resulting PE/AO@PIS demonstrates ultra‐small thickness (25 µm), exceptional mechanical durability (55.1 MPa), high decomposition temperature (330 °C), and favorable ionic conductivity (0.12 mS cm−1 at 25 °C). Consequently, the symmetrical Li cells remain stable at 0.1 mA cm−2 for 3000 h, without Li dendrite formation. Besides, the LiFePO4|Li full cells showcase excellent rate capability (131.0 mAh g−1 at 10C) and cyclability (93.6% capacity retention at 2C after 400 cycles), and high‐mass‐loading performance (7.5 mg cm−2). Moreover, the PE/AO@PIS can also pair with nickel‐rich layered oxides (NCM811 and NCM9055), showing a remarkable specific capacity of 165.3 and 175.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2C after 100 cycles, respectively. This work presents an effective large‐scale preparation approach for mechanically durable and ultrathin PIS SSEs, driving their practical applications for next‐generation solid‐state Li‐metal batteries.
Deciphering programmed cell death mechanisms in osteosarcoma for prognostic modeling
Authors: Chen Jingyang , Fan Tengdi , Pan Lingxiao , Yang Hanshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS), known for its high recurrence and metastasis rates, poses a significant challenge in oncology. Our research investigates the role of programmed cell death (PCD) genes in OS and develops a prognostic model using advanced bioinformatics. We analyzed single‐cell sequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify subpopulations, distinguish malignant from non‐malignant cells, assess cell cycle phases, and map PCD gene distribution. Additionally, we applied consistency clustering to bulk sequencing data from GEO and TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments) databases, facilitating survival analysis across clusters with the Kaplan–Meier method. We calculated PCD scores for each cluster using the Single‐sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA), which enabled a detailed examination of PCD‐related gene expression and pathway scores. Our study also explored drug sensitivity differences and conducted comprehensive immune cell infiltration analyses using various algorithms. We identified differentially expressed genes, leading to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses that provided insights into relevant biological processes and pathways. The prognostic model, based on five pivotal genes (BAMBI, TMCC2, NOX4, DKK1, and CBS), was developed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm and validated in the TARGET‐OS and GSE16091 datasets, showing significant predictive accuracy. This research enhances our understanding of PCD in OS and supports the development of effective treatments.
Challenges in differential diagnosis between obstructive and non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Gamidov Safar , Shatylko Taras , Tambiev Alikhan , Gasanov Natig , Popova Alina , Alrawashdeh Abdalrahman , Sukhikh Gennadiy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSome cases of non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) are characterized by normal clinical parameters, including testicular volume and levels of reproductive hormones, mimicking obstructive azoospermia (OA).MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 1417 patients undergoing primary surgical sperm retrieval between 2014 and 2023. Follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) level below 7.6 IU/l and normal testicular size with a long axis measurement >4.6 cm were used as criteria to suspect OA.ResultsFour hundred and eighteen patients with normal testicular volume and FSH levels had an initial diagnosis of OA. Among them, 243 (58.1%) had histological signs of spermatogenic dysfunction, and 175 (41.9%) had true OA. One hundred eleven patients had long‐standing obstruction (median: 16.5 years) with a median Bergmann–Kliesch score (BKS) of 5 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4–6) and 100% sperm retrieval rate (SRR), though some required microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE). Fifty‐eight patients with a history of epididymo‐orchitis had a median BKS of 4 (IQR: 2–6) and 100% SRR. Twenty patients with a history of unjustified medical treatment for male infertility had a median BKS of 3 (IQR: 1–4) and 80% SRR. Fifty‐four patients had uniform maturation arrest with a 5.5% SRR on microTESE.ConclusionMen with normal testicular volume and FSH level may have evidence of spermatogenic failure on pathology. Patients with complicated seminal tract obstruction commonly have hypospermatogenesis, but true NOA caused by uniform maturation arrest may also be observed. Patient counseling for suspected OA should not be overly optimistic, and couples should be warned about possibility of conversion to microTESE and risks of negative sperm retrieval.
Combined ultrasound‐ and nerve stimulator‐guided brachial plexus nerve block in a pig undergoing olecranon fracture repair
Authors: Ishihara Toshitsugu , Hofmeister Erik , Bayne Jenna , Clark‐Price Stuart 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA male pot‐bellied pig was presented for left thoracic limb lameness. A fracture of the olecranon apophysis with displacement was diagnosed, and fracture stabilisation was performed under general anaesthesia. After anaesthetic induction, an axillary brachial plexus nerve block (BPB) with bupivacaine was performed using a portable ultrasound device and a nerve locator. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored for nociception and the need for analgesic intervention during the procedure. No analgesic intervention was deemed necessary, as the pig did not meet predefined nociceptive thresholds. The pig recovered from general anaesthesia uneventfully without clinical signs of pain or complications. The affected limb was knuckled and lacked conscious proprioception immediately after recovery. Sixteen hours after BPB, knuckling resolved, and normal conscious proprioception was observed. No obvious adverse effects from BPB were noted. The combination of ultrasound and nerve stimulator‐guided BPB with bupivacaine was successful in a pig.
The tale of the sea turtle flipper tagging technique, a global environmental impact assessment
Authors: Saladin Claire , Freggi Daniela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough sea turtle flipper tagging is a tenet field technique generating irreplaceable scientific data worldwide since the inception of sea turtle conservation in 1920s along the Great Barrier Reef, the procedure was reported to trigger outbreaks of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) in 2018. This global environmental impact assessment performed during 2020–2023 meta‐analyzed three impacts on sea turtles health and conservation of the presence of visible flipper tags: a risk of clinical expression of FP lesions at the tag insertion point, a deterrent effect of the presence of flipper tags on sea turtle fishing, and a risk of entanglement of sea turtles in fishing gears. This essay concluded that the risk of expression of a FP lesion at the flipper tag insertion point is most probably correlated to a direct inoculation of ChHV5 via infected tagging equipment, and that the risk of entanglement in fishing gears can be mitigated by the choice of metallic flipper tags over plastic flipper tags. This essay also strongly recalls the sea turtle flipper tagging technique represents a remedy to knowledge gaps relevant to climate velocity research and can be a deterrent on sea turtle fishing in a frame of strong partnerships with indigenous people, independently of communities' socio‐cultural backgrounds.
Constructing ‘Old’ Age for Young Readers: A Digital Approach
Authors: Joosen Vanessa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMost literary scholars and age scholars have thus far relied on narrative analyses through close reading to comment on the age norms that books convey. This chapter explores what digital tools have to offer to support and enrich this type of analysis. The chapter focuses on children’s literature, a discourse that is defined by age and often thematizes intergenerational relationships and processes of growing up. After offering methodological reflections, it presents the results of a digital analysis of explicit and implicit age norms for older age in a corpus of 193 books by British, Dutch, and Flemish children’s authors. The scripts lay bare patterns that may escape human attention, such as the large number of explicit reflections on age or the substantial percentage of dialogue that older characters contribute to adult direct speech. The explicit reflections on older age are largely negative when isolated from context, but when supplemented with close readings they can direct researchers to debates about age that usually add nuance. The findings on the implicit age norms in direct speech in the corpus suggest that older characters speak more often in the past tense and about religion than young and other adult characters.
Viability of Knowledge Management Practices for a Successful Digital Transformation in Small- and Medium- Sized Enterprises
Authors: Oni-Orisan Oluwatomiwa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDigital innovations and technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, offer a unique opportunity to fundamentally transform business processes. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), having a significant impact on the German economy, are encouraged to fully embrace this opportunity for digital transformation.Inspired by the usage of knowledge management as a mediation mechanism for effective AI application in [5], this case study examines its practical implications. Wiewald, an SME specializing in compressor systems, serves as an application partner in the KMI project, exploring the implementation of AI in SMEs.By comparing academic literature on Industry 4.0’s impact on knowledge management with industry experts’ perspectives, we develop an appropriate digitalization strategy based on knowledge management. Its potential implementation is discussed using Wiewald as a practical example.
An Application of AI for Online Estimation of the Impact of Imperfections in Additive Manufactured Components
Authors: Holfeld Denise , Theurich Franziska , Rauschert André , Neumann Gregor , Hähnel Falk , Markmiller Johannes 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is popular for applications in image or natural-language processing, but AI can also be used to learn complex relations in production processes. For example, an AI can predict product quality based on process data during the production. In this paper, we present an application of AI to estimate structural properties of additive manufactured components in real-time. Occurring imperfections, such as air inclusions in the component, are considered and evaluated, since these have a significant influence on the quality of the component. This approach combines finite element (FE) simulation and machine learning: based on FE simulations, a neural network is trained to represent the relation between imperfections and the robustness of the component. To predict the impact of imperfection in real-time, monitoring systems are used to detect anomalies during the printing process, which are indications for imperfections in the additive manufactured component. Afterwards, the trained model is used to evaluate the impact of the detected anomalies to the component quality. This application of AI has a great potential to improve the additive manufacturing process itself and simplifying the approval of additively manufactured components.
Iterative Development of a Process-Oriented Approach for the Selection of Platform-Based Digital Services
Authors: Ramm Saskia , Grzona Pierre , Jung Hagen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the concept of digital platform (-ecosystems) for the provision of corresponding services has been met with great interest both in the broad re-search community and in practical application, process-based considerations for the selection of digital platform services, which are furthermore supported by artificial intelligence (AI), remain unexplored. However, it is precisely the customer processes in the context of the user experience that play a decisive role in the success of targeted platform solutions. Therefore, this paper describes the development of a method that is specifically focused on the process-based derivation of relevant services for digital, AI-based platforms. To develop our method, we draw on a focus group study that operates in the environment of a current research project for the development of an AI-based networking platform and thus enables a first evaluation of the developed method. With our current results, we are thus not only contributing to the knowledge base around digital platforms and ecosystems in connection with artificial intelligence but are also providing a useful action guide for developing these in practice.
Classification of Static Poses Based on Key Point Detection for Application of Incriminated Image Files
Authors: Antonia Schönbrodt 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungThe role of artificial intelligence, particularly in enhancing decision-making processes and facilitating automation, has become indispensable in today’s society. Law enforcement agencies have used the findings of this research for several years to analyze the ever-growing volumes of data. This approach owns an important role in the detection of child and adolescent pornography. Research conducted in this field has traditionally been dependent on the findings from skin filtering studies. However, some scientific publications and empirical studies reveal insufficient classification when using nudity levels. This work takes a more promising approach by leveraging the knowledge of an existing system and combining it with a homegrown model to improve the detection of incriminated image files. For this implementation, techniques from motion analysis were used to open up a new field of pose recognition.Zusammenfassung. Die Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz in Bezug auf ihre Individualität und Automatisierung ist in der heutigen Gesellschaft unverzichtbar geworden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Forschung werden seit einigen Jahren ebenfalls genutzt, um Strafverfolgungsbehörden bei der Analyse der ständig wachsenden Datenmengen zu unterstützen. Dieser Ansatz besitzt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Aufdeckung von Kinder- und Jugendpornografie. Bisherige Studien in diesem Bereich stützen sich größtenteils auf die Ergebnisse von Studien zur Hautfilterung. Einige wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen und empirische Studien zeigen jedoch, dass die Verwendung des Nacktheitsgrades keine ausreichende Klassifizierung ermög-licht. Diese Arbeit verfolgt einen vielversprechenderen Ansatz, indem sie das Wissen eines bestehenden Systems nutzt und es mit einem selbst entwickelten Modell kombiniert, um die Erkennung inkriminierter Bilddateien zu verbessern. Für diese Implementierung wurden Techniken aus der Bewegungsanalyse verwendet, um ein neues Feld der Posenerkennung zu erschließen.
Viperin inhibits interferon-γ production to promote Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival by disrupting TBK1-IKKε-IRF3-axis and JAK-STAT signaling
Authors: Liang Yao , Liang Yun , Wang Qi , Li Qianna , Huang Yingqi , Li Rong , Pan Xiaoxin , Lie Linmiao , Xu Hui , Han Zhenyu , Liu Honglin , Wen Qian , Zhou Chaoying , Ma Li , Zhou Xinying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives and design
As an interferon-inducible protein, Viperin has broad-spectrum antiviral effects and regulation of host immune responses. We aim to investigate how Viperin regulates interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in macrophages to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.

Methods
We use Viperin deficient bone-marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) to investigate the effects and machines of Viperin on Mtb infection.

Results
Viperin inhibited IFN-γ production in macrophages and in the lung of mice to promote Mtb survival. Further insight into the mechanisms of Viperin-mediated regulation of IFN-γ production revealed the role of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), the TAK1-dependent inhibition of NF-kappa B kinase-epsilon (IKKε), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Inhibition of the TBK1-IKKε-IRF3 axis restored IFN-γ production reduced by Viperin knockout in BMDM and suppressed intracellular Mtb survival. Moreover, Viperin deficiency activated the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, which promoted IFN-γ production and inhibited Mtb infection in BMDM. Additionally, a combination of the anti-TB drug INH treatment in the absence of Viperin resulted in further IFN-γ production and anti-TB effect.

Conclusions
This study highlights the involvement of TBK1-IKKε-IRF3 axis and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in Viperin-suppressed IFN-γ production in Mtb infected macrophages, and identifies a novel mechanism of Viperin on negatively regulating host immune response to Mtb infection.
Weighted Sum-of-Squares Lower Bounds for Univariate Polynomials Imply $$\text{VP} \neq \text{VNP}$$
Authors: Dutta Pranjal , Saxena Nitin , Thierauf Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor a polynomial f,
a weighted sum-of-squares representation (SOS) has the form
$$f = \sum_{i\in [s]} c_i f_i^2$$

f
=

∑

i
∈
[
s
]

c
i

f
i
2

, where the weights$$c_i$$

c
i

are field elements.
The size of the representation is the number of monomials that appear across the $$f_i$$

f
i

's.
Its minimum across all such decompositions is called the support-sum S(f) of f.For a univariate polynomial f of degree d of full support,
a lower bound for the support-sum is $$S(f) \ge \sqrt d$$

S

(
f
)

≥

d

.
We show that the existence of an explicit univariate polynomial f
with support-sum just slightly larger than the lower bound, that is, $$S(f) \ge d^{0.5+\varepsilon}$$

S

(
f
)

≥

d

0.5
+
ε

,
for some $$\varepsilon > 0$$

ε
>
0

,
implies that $$\ne$$
≠
,
the major open problem in algebraic complexity.
In fact, our proof works for some subconstant functions $$\varepsilon(d) > 0$$

ε
(
d
)
>
0

as well.
We also consider the sum-of-cubes representation (SOC) of polynomials. We show that an explicit hard polynomial
implies both blackbox-PIT is in , and $$\neq$$
≠
.