bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of empathy in human's closest relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees: current and future directions
Authors: Brooker Jake S. , Webb Christine E. , de Waal Frans B. M. , Clay Zanna 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTEmpathy is a complex, multi‐dimensional capacity that facilitates the sharing and understanding of others' emotions. As our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) provide an opportunity to explore the origins of hominin social cognition, including empathy. Despite certain assumptions that bonobos and chimpanzees may differ empathically, these species appear to overlap considerably in certain socio‐emotional responses related to empathy. However, few studies have systematically tested for species variation in Pan empathic or socio‐emotional tendencies. To address this, we synthesise the growing literature on Pan empathy to inform our understanding of the selection pressures that may underlie the evolution of hominin empathy, and its expression in our last common ancestor. As bonobos and chimpanzees show overlaps in their expression of complex socio‐emotional phenomena such as empathy, we propose that group comparisons may be as or more meaningful than species comparisons when it comes to understanding the evolutionary pressures for such behaviour. Furthermore, key differences, such as how humans and Pan communicate, appear to distinguish how we experience empathy compared to our closest living relatives.
A (dynamic) investigation of stereotypes, belief‐updating, and behavior
Authors: Coffman Katherine , Ugalde Araya Maria Paola , Zafar Basit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUsing a controlled experiment, we study the dynamic effects of feedback on decision‐making across verbal skills and math. Before feedback, men are more optimistic about their performance and more willing to compete than women, especially in math. While feedback shifts individuals' beliefs and behavior, we see substantial persistence of gender gaps 1 week later. This is particularly true among individuals who receive negative feedback. Our results are not well‐explained by motivated reasoning; in fact, negative feedback is more likely to be recalled than positive feedback. Overall, our results highlight the challenges involved in overcoming gender gaps in dynamic settings.
‘Where’ is the evidence? A starting point for the development of place‐based research reviews and their implications for wellbeing‐related policymaking
Authors: Esmene Shukru , Leyshon Michael , de Braal Petra , de Bruin Hans , Leyshon Catherine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to stimulate debate around the development of a place‐based research review methodology. We present place‐based reviews as a potential source of support for wellbeing‐related local policymaking. Our introductory discussions highlight an ever‐growing need for insights about specific localities and a lack in resources—including time—for local policymakers to engage with research. Additionally, increasing demands for local insights have been driven by devolution shifts, which redistribute policymaking responsibilities to local authorities. Hence, we explore the challenges and opportunities that arise when places are considered in reviewing research relevant to wellbeing. We build a case study around two related places of different scale: Truro, a small cathedral city in the United Kingdom's Southwest; and Cornwall, the regional county that contains Truro. We use these places as search terms in combination with terms concerning health and social care (HSC) services. HSC services are included as a component of our case study, as the topic is a consistent concern for wellbeing‐related policies. In our findings, we report a lack of papers on our smaller scale of place (Truro). One might expect this outcome. Nonetheless, we reflect on current research practices and processes that might have further limited our ability to generate insights about Truro. Encouragingly, our findings on Cornwall demonstrate the potential of place‐based reviews in supporting local policymaking more broadly. We make initial judgements around knowledge gaps—including the exclusion of perspectives from certain groups and identities—and topological insights, that is, those that are relevant to Cornwall as a whole. Our discussions also consider how place‐based reviews can be enhanced via the retrieval and inclusion of non‐academic studies. Finally, key questions to induce debate on this subject are posed in the conclusion.
Fried Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire scores and postoperative patient‐reported outcomes of patients undergoing major abdominal cancer surgery: A secondary analysis
Authors: Kinugasa Yuki , Ida Mitsuru , Kawaguchi Masahiko 
Published: April 2024

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of Fried Frailty Phenotype Questionnaire (FFPQ) scores on patient‐reported postoperative outcomes.MethodsThis secondary analysis of a prospective observational study included 230 inpatients aged ≥65 years undergoing elective abdominal cancer surgery. The primary outcome was the Quality of Recovery‐15 score on postoperative days 2, 4 and 7. The secondary outcomes included disability‐free survival, defined as a 12‐item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 score of <16% at 3 months. The associations of the FFPQ scores, ranging from 0 (robust) to 5 (frailty), with the primary and secondary outcomes were assessed using multiple analysis.ResultsAfter confirming the linearity of the FFPQ score for the outcomes, multiple regression analysis adjusted for prominent factors showed that the FFPQ score was a significant factor influencing the decrease in the Quality of Recovery‐15 score on postoperative day 2 (β = −2.67, 95% confidence interval −5.20, −0.15), 4 (β = −3.54, 95% confidence interval −5.77, −1.30) and 7 (β = −3.70, 95% confidence interval −5.75, −1.65). The adjusted odds ratio of the FFPQ score for disability‐free survival postoperatively was 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.49–0.90).ConclusionsPatients with higher FFPQ scores before elective major abdominal cancer surgery were likely to have lower postoperative Quality of Recovery‐15 scores and poor disability‐free survival. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 464–469.
Residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy among women living with HIV in the UK, 2009–2019
Authors: Dema Emily , Peters Helen , Gilleece Yvonne , Thorne Claire 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe extent to which individuals living with HIV experience residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in the UK is unknown. We aimed to determine a minimum estimate of residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in people living with HIV in the UK in 2009–2019 to explore patterns of and factors associated with mobility and to assess whether mobility was associated with specific HIV outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service to assess pregnancies with HIV in the UK and included livebirths and stillbirths with estimated delivery in 2009–2019. Residential mobility was defined as changing residential postcode between notification and delivery, and healthcare mobility was defined as changing NHS Trust or Strategic Health Authority (SHA) in that same timeframe. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with residential and healthcare mobility and with detectable delivery viral load.ResultsAmong 10 305 pregnancies, 19.6% experienced residential mobility, 8.1% changed NHS Trust, and 4.5% changed SHA during pregnancy. Mobility was more likely to be experienced by younger women, migrants, and those with new antenatal diagnosis; residential but not healthcare mobility declined over time. In a fully adjusted model, mobility was not associated with having a detectable viral load at delivery. Higher proportions of infants were lost to follow‐up after mobile pregnancies than after non‐mobile pregnancies.ConclusionsThis analysis provides new knowledge on mobility during pregnancy in the context of HIV, but further research is needed to understand its broader impacts and its utility as a marker to help identify families requiring additional follow‐up and support.
“Without the video I wouldn't have known”: An experienced EFL teacher learning to provide oral corrective feedback
Authors: Ha Xuan V. , Murray Jill C. , Reynolds Barry Lee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOral corrective feedback, a key aspect of second language teaching, has received extensive research attention. However, little is known about whether and how professional development (PD) activities influence teachers' beliefs and classroom practices regarding oral corrective feedback. This case study investigates the effects of a targeted PD program on one experienced teacher's feedback beliefs and practices. The program comprised a workshop facilitating the teacher to discuss recent research findings regarding corrective feedback in language classrooms and experiential learning and reflective activities for 8 weeks. The data included semistructured interviews, three sources of written reflections, and classroom observations conducted over 17 weeks. The findings showed that although the teacher had already been positive about the importance of corrective feedback in teaching and learning, she underwent several considerable changes in her beliefs regarding the types and timing of feedback. The findings also showed some considerable changes in her actual feedback practices. Implications for teacher PD programs are discussed.
Development and validation of the Dermatology Social Comparison (DSC) Scale
Authors: Choi Ellie , Du Ruochen , Yew Yik W. , Long Valencia , Oon Hazel H. , Chandran Nisha S. , Phan Phillip , Chan Yiong H. , Valderas Jose M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial comparison, the process of evaluating one's characteristics in relation to others, influences individuals' self‐perception and behavior. However, instruments are scarce for assessing social comparison in the medical setting.ObjectivesOur aim was to develop and validate a new scale for assessing social comparison.Materials and methodsSeven statements were developed, encompassing the perceived normality of having rashes, the tendency to compare their situation with others, and the emotional response when seeing someone better or worse off than themselves. The instrument was piloted in 15 patients for readability and face validity, then prospectively validated using modern psychometric methods in 1,053 adult patients with eczema or psoriasis from three tertiary dermatological centers in Singapore.ResultsOf 1,053 adult patients, 802 (76.2%) had eczema, and 251 (23.8%) had psoriasis. Exploratory factor analysis (using a 70% sample split) showed a single factor model comprising three questions (Eigenvalue: 1.4). Confirmatory factor analysis with the remaining 30% of the sample confirmed an excellent model fit. Cronbach's alpha was 0.7, and inter‐item correlations ranged from 0.42 to 0.46. In the Rasch analysis, item fit statistics and item characteristic curves showed appropriate discrimination between response options, although reliability was suboptimal with a person separation reliability of 0.63.ConclusionsComprising 3 questions, the newly derived social comparison scale showed acceptable psychometrics as a measure of social comparison for clinical and research purposes in dermatology. Its brief nature likely results from its brevity and applicability to conditions beyond eczema and psoriasis, which warrants further investigation.
Deciphering crystal structure of Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+ phosphors with high thermal stability for plant cultivation and white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Chen Shigao , Che Junzhi , Zhao Bin , Li Shulei , Yao Xuemei , Yang Yue , Yang Ya , Liu Xiang , Yu Ruijin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe novel orange‐red light‐emitting garnet‐type phosphors Li3Bi3Te2O12:xSm3+ (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) were first synthesized using the high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure was recorded with XRD. Raman spectroscopic analysis was conducted for the first time to extract detailed structural insights of the tellurate garnet Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+. The characteristics of the obtained compounds were investigated, including particle morphology, elemental mapping, diffuse reflection spectra, excitation and emission spectra, thermal stability, chromaticity coordinates according to the Commission International del′Eclairage, and color purity. The Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+ phosphor could be effectively excited by 406 nm irradiation, and four sharp peaks were presented. The dominant peaks are located at 613 and 653 nm, corresponding to the typical transition of Sm3+ ions at 4G5/2→6H7/2 and 4G5/2→6H9/2, respectively. The phosphors present a regular concentration quenching trend, with an optimum Sm3+ doping concentration of 0.02. Impressively, the product demonstrates remarkable thermal stability by maintaining an emission intensity of 93% at a working temperature of 423 K. Additionally, the thermal quenching temperature (T0.5) surpasses 480 K. The lighting performance of the white light‐emitting diode fabricated using Li3Bi3Te2O12:0.02Sm3+ phosphor has been found to be exceptional, characterized by a high color rendering index (Ra = 90) and a low correlated color temperature (CCT = 5122 K). The electroluminescent spectrum of the red light‐emitting diode device fabricated by Li3Bi3Te2O12:0.02Sm3+ overlapped well with the absorption spectra of the phytochromes, suggesting its potential for plant cultivation light source. In conclusion, considering all these photoluminescent properties mentioned above, Li3Bi3Te2O12:Sm3+ phosphor can be regarded as a promising material for daily illumination and plant cultivation LEDs.
Studying crystallisation processes using electron microscopy: The importance of sample preparation
Authors: Ilett Martha , Afzali Maryam , Abdulkarim Bilal , Aslam Zabeada , Foster Stephanie , Burgos‐Ruiz Miguel , Kim Yi‐Yeoun , Meldrum Fiona C. , Drummond‐Brydson Rik M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a comparison of common electron microscopy sample preparation methods for studying crystallisation processes from solution using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). We focus on two widely studied inorganic systems: calcium sulphate, gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). We find significant differences in crystallisation kinetics and polymorph selection between the different sample preparation methods, which indicate that drying and chemical quenching can induce severe artefacts that are capable of masking the true native state of the crystallising solution. Overall, these results highlight the importance of cryogenic (cryo)‐quenching crystallising solutions and the use of full cryo‐TEM as the most reliable method for studying the early stages of crystallisation.
Impact of government‐issued financial incentive to medical facilities on management of secondary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Ishida Risa , Koga Kaori , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Izumi Gentaro , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimIn April 2020, the Japanese government introduced a Specific Medical Fee for managing secondary dysmenorrhea (SD). This initiative provided financial incentives to medical facilities that provide appropriate management of SD with hormonal therapies. We aimed to assess how this policy affects the management processes and outcomes of patients with SD.MethodsUsing a large Japanese administrative claims database, we identified outpatient visits of patients diagnosed with SD from April 2018 to March 2022. We used an interrupted time‐series analysis and defined before April 2020 as the pre‐introduction period and after April 2020 as the post‐introduction period. Outcomes were the monthly proportions of outpatient visits due to SD and hormonal therapy among women in the database and the proportions of outpatient visits for hormonal therapy and continuous outpatient visits among patients with SD.ResultsWe identified 815 477 outpatient visits of patients diagnosed with SD during the pre‐introduction period and 920 183 outpatient visits during the post‐introduction period. There were significant upward slope changes after the introduction of financial incentives in the outpatient visits due to SD (+0.29% yearly; 95% confidence interval, +0.20% to +0.38%) and hormonal therapies (+0.038% yearly; 95% confidence interval, +0.030% to +0.045%) among the women in the database. Similarly, a significant level change was observed after the introduction of continuous outpatient visits among patients with SD (+2.68% monthly; 95% confidence interval, +0.87% to +4.49%).ConclusionsGovernment‐issued financial incentives were associated with an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with SD, hormonal therapies, and continuous outpatient visits.
Effect of bioceramic powder abrasion on different implant surfaces
Authors: Abuhajar Eman , Salim Nesreen A. , Satterthwaite Julian D. , Silikas Nick , Anweigi Lamyia M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeBioceramic coatings have been shown to promote bone repair, which aids in the early integration of implants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of air abrasion with a bioceramic abrasive on the surface characteristics of different implant materials and surfaces. The dissolution of the applied treatment from the surfaces over 3 weeks was also assessed.Materials and MethodsDiscs of three alloys used for dental implants were studied and compared: two types of commercially pure titanium (CpTi)/ (CpTi SLActive) and titanium‐zirconia (TiZr). The tested surfaces were: CpTi control (CpC), sandblasted (SB), sandblasted and acid‐etched (SBE), and CpTi SLActive®, (TiZr) Roxolid®. Three discs from each group underwent air abrasion with apatite bioceramic powders, 95% hydroxyapatite (HA)/5% calcium oxide (CaO), and 90% hydroxyapatite (HA)/10% calcium oxide (CaO). The treated discs were surface characterized by optical profilometry to obtain surface roughness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) to compare element weight percentages of titanium, calcium, and phosphate. Dissolution was assessed using inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES).ResultsBioceramic powders were deposited on all tested surfaces leading to changes in surface characteristics. The only statistically significant differences between the material groups for surface roughness were found with 95% HA/5% CaO powder in the Sp and Rp parameters (p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). There were no significant differences in the Ca and P wt% between all groups and powders 95% HA/5% CaO and 90% HA/10% CaO (p = 0.14, 0.18, and p = 0.15, 0.12, respectively). A non‐uniform dispersion of the treatment on the surface layer was visible on all treated surfaces. The bioceramic powder continued to dissolute from the tested surfaces for 3 weeks.ConclusionBioceramic abrasion modifies implant surface characteristics, although the change in surface characteristics resulting from such treatment was not influenced by the implant material or surface treatment. Air abrasion with hydroxyapatite and calcium oxide bioceramics leaves powder deposits on the treated implant surfaces that could potentially influence the healing of implants affected by peri‐implantitis.
Valuation entrepreneurship through product‐design and blame‐avoidance strategies: How Tesla managed to change the public perception of sustainable innovations
Authors: Palmié Maximilian , Miehé Lucas , Mair Johanna , Wincent Joakim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping innovative, eco‐friendlier products that gain traction in the mass market remains a persistent challenge for many firms. To bring consumers to choose “greener” alternatives over conventional products, firms need to overcome prevailing product evaluations that favor traditional solutions. Research on valuation entrepreneurship examines the strategies that actors apply to induce changes in established evaluations. Adding to the emerging literature on valuation entrepreneurship, our study analyzes how the car maker Tesla, Inc. used product design—material artifacts' properties of form and function—to advance the public perception of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). When Tesla entered the market, several firms had tried to promote BEVs as a way of making private mobility more environmentally friendly, but with limited success. In contrast, Tesla produced well‐received BEVs that generated enormous consumer interest and led to a more favorable assessment of BEVs as a whole. Drawing on 54 interviews and nearly 2000 pages of archival data, our abductive study identifies three product design strategies that increased the appeal of Tesla's initial models: (1) incorporating discontinuous technological solutions; (2) optimizing the products on traditional evaluation criteria (e.g., driving performance, comfort, space, status); and (3) creating an ecosystem of complementary products. Since some design choices came at the expense of a minimal environmental footprint, they risked attracting blame for compromising on the environmental performance of potentially eco‐friendly cars and for committing “greenwashing.” To minimize this risk, Tesla complemented its design strategies by employing three strategies of reputational politics to avoid such blame. After Tesla's initial, lavish models had improved the public perception of electric cars, Tesla and other car makers were able to sell less excessive and more sustainable BEVs in much greater quantities than ever before. Our findings contribute to three literature streams and generate valuable insights for management practice.
Underperforming reformers: Examining disappointing cases of economic reforms
Authors: Callais Justin , Lawson Kerianne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile pro‐market economic institutions are a strong and causal predictor of economic development, such institutions are not expected to have the same impact across countries. Furthermore, there are actually a few instances where countries that enacted market‐friendly reforms had negative economic growth soon after. Examining 49 cases of large and sustained increases in economic freedom over a five year window, we find 10 cases that were followed by low/negative economic growth thereafter. We consider various potential determinants of failed reforms by comparing different measures between the successful and failed reforming countries. Our strongest evidence points to the following as plausible reasons for failed reforms: culture (high levels of power distance, low levels of individualism, and low levels of generalized trust), areas of economic freedom that countries reformed (less focus on sound monetary policy, more focus on limiting the size of government, and more variance between the five areas), and autocratic political institutions.
The election campaign for parliament in the age of the Internet
Authors: Santolini Raffaella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether the use of Internet‐based communication technologies during election campaigns helps candidates to be elected to parliament and improves their perception of being able to win national elections. Using data from the 2013 Italian Candidate Survey, estimation results show that the use of a personal website and Twitter during the electoral race significantly improves candidates' perceptions of winning nationwide election and their likelihood of being elected to parliamentary office.
The phonology of A'ingae
Authors: Dąbkowski Maksymilian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA'ingae (or Cofán, ISO 639‐3: con) is an indigenous language isolate spoken in northeast Ecuador and southern Colombia. This paper presents the first comprehensive overview of the A'ingae phonology, including descriptions of (i) the language's phonemic inventory, (ii) phonotactics and a number of related phonological rules, (iii) nasality and nasal spreading, as well as (iv) stress, glottalisation, their morphophonology, and aspects of clause‐level prosody.