bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil heavy metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in disturbed and undisturbed soil of Morigaon, Assam
Authors: Gogoi Navamallika , Sarma Arunima , Choudhury Moharana , Samanta Palas , Faizan Mohammed , Sadhak Sabreen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils has become a critical concern in the face of increased environmental scrutiny, highlighting the relationship between human and natural impacts on our land. This study focused on examining heavy metal contamination levels including Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni) and Manganese (Mn) conducting an ecological risk assessment in the Morigaon district's paddy fields, which are characterized by disturbed soils. Undisturbed playground soils of the Morigaon district were taken as control. Based on the averages of all locations and the corresponding contamination factor (Cf) for paddy field, it was found that the soil's Cr (0.56 to 0.84), Fe (0.11 to 0.13), Mn (0.38 to 0.78), and Zn (0.35 to 0.65) contamination is low, with Cf < 1 for all seasons. Observed levels of Cu, Ni, and Pb showed moderate contamination throughout seasons, with contamination factors (Cf) ranging from 1 to 3. Meanwhile, Co exhibited a greater amount of contamination in the disturbed soil, with Cf ranging from 3 to 6, indicating significant contamination. Higher degree of contamination (CD) of the sampling sites (10.71 to 14.72) might have been due to metal contamination, especially Co, Ni and Pb. Undisturbed soil showed a comparatively lesser degree of contamination because of an absence of physical or chemical disturbances. In particular, Ni contents of disturbed and undisturbed sites were excessively higher than the worldwide average. Significant variations from global averages were particularly noted for Co and Pb. Conversely, Cr, Mn, and Zn demonstrated minimal variations when compared to these averages. Additionally, metrics such as Enrichment Factors (EF), Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) and Ecological Risk Index (Er) were elevated in the disturbed soils relative to their undisturbed counterparts. The findings indicated that anthropogenic activities have significantly negatively influenced the Morigaon district paddy field's soil quality and agriculture.
Development of a CRISPR-Cas12a based assay for the detection of swine enteric coronaviruses in pig herds in China
Authors: Xia Yongbo , Li Yue , He Yihong , Wang Xiaowei , Qiu Wenjing , Diao Xiaoyuan , Li Yunfei , Gao Junfeng , Shen Hanqin , Xue Chunyi , Cao Yongchang , Li Peng , Xu Zhichao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) rank among the most frequently encountered swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs), leading to substantial economic losses to the swine industry. The availability of a rapid and highly sensitive detection method proves beneficial for the monitoring and surveillance of SECoVs. Based on the N genes of four distinct SECoVs, a novel detection method was developed in this study by combining recombinant enzyme polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated proteins (Cas) 12a. Results showed that the cut-off value of CRISPR-Cas12a assay for SADS-CoV, PEDV, PDCoV and TGEV was 2.19 × 104 Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU), 1.57 × 104 RFU, 3.07 × 104 RFU and 1.64 × 104 RFU, respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) of within and between runs by CRISPR-Cas12a assay for 6 clinical diarrhea samples were both less than 10%. The CRISPR-Cas12a assay demonstrated high specificity for TGEV, PEDV, PDCoV, and SADS-CoV with no cross-reactivity to other common swine viruses. This method also exhibited a low limit of detection of 2 copies for each virus. Additionally, the results demonstrated a perfect agreement (100%) between the CRISPR-Cas12a assay and the RT-qPCR assay. Finally, a total of 494 pig samples from the field tested by CRISPR-Cas12a assay showed that positive rate for SADS-CoV, TGEV, PDCoV and PEDV was 0, 0, 1.2% and 48.6%, respectively. The results suggested the great potential of CRISPR-Cas12a assay to detect SECoVs in the field.
Measuring perceived fitness interdependence between humans and non-humans
Authors: Lee Katie , Hare Darragh , Blossey Bernd 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Conservation ethics (i.e. moral concern for non-human organisms) are widespread, but we lack a comprehensive explanation for why people care about other species at all, and why they express strong moral concern for some species but not others. Recent theory suggests that conservation ethics might be rooted in cooperation between humans and members of other species. Building on central predictions of this eco-evolutionary theory, we conducted an online study (N = 651) and exploratory factor analysis to develop two scales that independently measure perceived fitness interdependence (PFI) and conservation ethics. The PFI scale measures perceived shared fate as a proximate indicator of human fitness interdependence with non-human organisms (i.e. the degree to which humans and other organisms influence each other's evolutionary success, that is, survival and reproduction). We designed the conservation ethics scale to measure moral beliefs and attitudes regarding those organisms. Both scales are composed of two factors and demonstrate good internal reliability. By combining insights from various branches of the evolutionary human sciences, including evolutionary anthropology, evolutionary psychology and human behavioural ecology, we offer empirical tools to investigate eco-evolutionary foundations of conservation ethics and behaviour.
COUNTING GEOMETRIC BRANCHES VIA THE FROBENIUS MAP AND F-NILPOTENT SINGULARITIES
Authors: DAO HAILONG , MADDOX KYLE , PANDEY VAIBHAV 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe give an explicit formula to count the number of geometric branches of a curve in positive characteristic using the theory of tight closure. This formula readily shows that the property of having a single geometric branch characterizes F-nilpotent curves. Further, we show that a reduced, local F-nilpotent ring has a single geometric branch; in particular, it is a domain. Finally, we study inequalities of Frobenius test exponents along purely inseparable ring extensions with applications to F-nilpotent affine semigroup rings.
Early accretion onset in long-period isolated pulsars
Authors: Afonina M.D. , Biryukov A.V. , Popov S.B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We model long-term magneto-rotational evolution of isolated neutron stars (INSs) with long initial spin periods. This analysis is motivated by the recent discovery of young long-period neutron stars (NSs) observed as periodic radio sources: PSR J0901-4046, GLEAM-X J1627-52, and GPM J1839-10. Our calculations demonstrate that for realistically rapid spin-down during the propeller stage INSs with velocities

${\lesssim}100$

km s

$^{-1}$

and assumed long initial spin periods can reach the stage of accretion from the interstellar medium within at most a few billion years as they are born already at the propeller stage or sufficiently close to the critical period of the ejector-propeller transition. If NSs with long initial spin periods form a relatively large fraction of all Galactic NSs then the number of isolated accretors is substantially larger than it has been predicted by previous studies.
POSIDONIUS ON VIRTUE AND THE GOOD
Authors: Gotz Severin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that despite recent tendencies to minimize the differences between Posidonius and the Early Stoics, there are some important aspects of Stoic ethics in which Posidonius deviated from the orthodox doctrine. According to two passages in Diogenes Laertius, Posidonius counted health and wealth among the goods and held that virtue alone is insufficient for happiness. While Kidd in his commentary dismissed this report as spurious, there are good reasons to take Diogenes’ remarks seriously. Through a careful analysis of the sources, in particular of Galen's De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis, this article offers a new interpretation of Posidonius’ ethics. It sheds light on Posidonius’ theory of virtues and shows that Posidonius must have granted a special status to things like health and wealth even if he did not regard them as genuine goods.
Impact of parity number, milk production and somatic cell count on the reproduction of Holstein cows
Authors: Barbosa Bianca Letícia , Pedrosa Victor Breno , da Silva Leal Karolewski Luciana , de Godoi Caio César , de Souza Martins Adriana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research communication describes the reproductive and productive parameters and somatic cell count (SCC) of primiparous and multiparous cows from specialized dairy Holstein herds in South region of Brazil, and correlates these parameters using test-day records. A total of 24 011 records of animals from 75 producers obtained between 2017 and 2018 were used. The variables analyzed included milk production, SCC, milk fat, protein and urea nitrogen contents and reproductive characteristics (number of services per conception, service period and percentage of pregnant cows). Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and the statistical differentiation between the classes of SCC and milk production. Milk production, SCC, number of services per conception and service period were all higher in multiparous cows. The percentage of pregnant cows was higher when the SCC was less than 200 000 cells/ml and was higher in primiparous cows. There was no adverse effect of milk production on reproductive parameters in high producing cows (>40 kg milk/d), however, the percentage of pregnant cows with this production level was significantly higher in multiparous cows. In conclusion, the milk production level need not affect the reproduction of specialized dairy cows if the animals are kept under adequate environmental conditions.
Concomitant use of hydroxyzine and haloperidol did not worsen delirium in patients with cancer: A multicenter, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Hirayama Takatoshi , Igarashi Emi , Wada Saho , Sadahiro Ryoichi , Oshikiri Hanae , Suzuka Masato , Sato Yuji , Utsumi Yusuke , Sakuma Atsushi , Nakahara Rika , Imai Toru , Tomita Hiroaki , Matsuoka Hiromichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThere is concern that hydroxyzine exacerbates delirium, but a recent preliminary study suggested that the combination of haloperidol and hydroxyzine was effective against delirium. This study examined whether the concomitant use of hydroxyzine and haloperidol worsened delirium in patients with cancer.MethodsThis retrospective, observational study was conducted at 2 general hospitals in Japan. The medical records of patients with cancer who received haloperidol for delirium from July to December 2020 were reviewed. The treatments for delirium included haloperidol alone or haloperidol combined with hydroxyzine. The primary outcome was the duration from the first day of haloperidol administration to the resolution of delirium, defined as its absence for 2 consecutive days. The time to delirium resolution was analyzed to compare the haloperidol group and hydroxyzine combination group using the log-rank test with the Kaplan–Meier method. Secondary outcomes were (1) the total dose of antipsychotic medications, including those other than haloperidol (measured in chlorpromazine-equivalent doses), and (2) the frequencies of detrimental incidents during delirium, specifically falls and self-removal of drip infusion lines. The unpaired t-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze secondary outcomes.ResultsOf 497 patients who received haloperidol, 118 (23.7%) also received hydroxyzine. No significant difference in time to delirium resolution was found between the haloperidol group and the hydroxyzine combination group (log-rank test, P = 0.631). No significant difference between groups was found in either chlorpromazine-equivalent doses or the frequency of detrimental incidents.Significance of resultsThis study showed that the concomitant use of hydroxyzine and haloperidol did not worsen delirium in patients with cancer.
Considering Uncertainty of Historical Ice Jam Flood Records in a Bayesian Frequency Analysis for the Peace‐Athabasca Delta
Authors: Smith Jared D. , Lamontagne Jonathan R. , Jasek Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Peace‐Athabasca Delta in Alberta, Canada has numerous perched basins that are primarily recharged after large ice jams cause floods (an ecological benefit). Previous studies have estimated that such large floods are likely to decrease in frequency under various climate projections. However, there is a sizable uncertainty range in these predicted flood probabilities, in part due to the short 60‐year systematic record that contained few large ice jam floods. An additional 50 years of historical data are available from various sources, with expert‐interpreted flood categories; however, these categorizations are uncertain in magnitude and occurrence. We developed a Bayesian framework that considers magnitude and occurrence uncertainties within a logistic regression model that predicts the annual probability of a large flood. The Bayesian regression estimates the joint distribution of parameters describing the effects of climatic factors and parameters that describe the probability that historical flood magnitudes were recorded as large (or not) when a truly large (or not) flood occurred. We compare four models for hindcasting and projecting large ice jam flood probabilities in future climates. The models consider: (a) historical data uncertainty, (b) no historical data uncertainty, (c) only the systematic record, and (d) the systematic record with a different model. Neglecting historical data uncertainty provides inaccurate estimates, while using only the systematic record provides wider prediction intervals than considering the full record with uncertain historical data. Thus, we demonstrate that including uncertain historical information can effectively extend the record length and make flood frequency analyses more accurate and precise.
Complex Whistler‐Mode Wave Features Created by a High Density Plasma Duct in the Magnetosphere
Authors: Harid Vijay , Agapitov Oleksiy , Khatun‐E‐Zannat Raahima , Gołkowski Mark , Hosseini Poorya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA Van Allen Probes observation of a high‐density duct alongside whistler‐mode wave activity shows several distinctive characteristics: (a)—within the duct, the wave normal angles (WNA) are close to zero and the waves have relatively large amplitudes, this is expected from the classic conceptualization of ducts. (b)—at L‐shells higher than the duct's location a large “shadow” is present over an extended region that is larger than the duct itself, and (c)—the WNA on the earthward edge of the duct is considerably higher than expected. Using ray‐tracing simulations it is shown that rays fall into three categories: (a) ducted (trapped and amplified), (b) reflected (scattered to resonance cone and damped), and (c) free (non‐ducted). The combined macroscopic effect of all these ray trajectories reproduce the aforementioned features in the spacecraft observation.
Properties of Mars' Dayside Low‐Altitude Induced Magnetic Field and Comparisons With Venus
Authors: Byrd Susanne , Girazian Zachary , Ruhunusiri Suranga 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMars and Venus have atmospheres but lack intrinsic dipole magnetic fields. Consequently, the solar wind interaction at each planet results in the formation of an induced magnetosphere. Our work aims to compare the low‐altitude (< 250 km) component of the induced magnetic field at Venus and Mars using observations from Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN. We restrict the in‐situ data from Mars to regions of weak crustal magnetism. At Venus, it has long been known the vertical structure of the induced magnetic field profiles have recurring features that enable them to be classified as either magnetized or unmagnetized. We find the induced field profiles at Mars are more varied, lack recurring features, and are unable to be classified in the same way. The solar zenith angle dependence of the low‐altitude field strength at both planets is controlled by the shape of the magnetic pileup boundary. Also, because the ionospheric thermal pressure at Venus is often comparable to the solar wind dynamic pressure, the induced fields are weaker than required to balance the solar wind by themselves. By contrast, induced fields at Mars are stronger than required to achieve pressure balance. Lastly, we find the induced fields in the magnetized ionosphere of Venus have a weaker dependence on solar wind dynamic pressure than the induced fields at Mars. Our results point to planetary properties, such as planet‐Sun distance, having a major effect on the properties of induced fields at nonmagentized planets.
Trace and Rare Earth Element Fingerprints of Aerobic Oxidation of Methane in Seep‐Dwelling Bivalves
Authors: Sun Yuedong , Di Pengfei , Peckmann Jörn , Feng Junxi , Tao Chunhui , Yang Weifang , Chen Duofu , Li Niu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAerobic methanotrophic bacteria are pivotal in the global carbon cycle by converting methane into biomass and inorganic carbon species. Light rare earth elements (light‐REE; La, Ce) are part of the metalloenzymes mediating the biochemical processes in methanotrophs. However, the partitioning of trace metals and REE in chemosymbiotic megafauna with methanotrophic endosymbionts remains largely unknown. Here we determine stable isotope compositions (δ13C, δ15N) of soft tissues (gill, mantle, foot) as well as trace metal and REE contents of soft tissues and shells of chemosymbiotic bivalves dwelling at methane seeps (Site F and Haima seeps) of the South China Sea. Isotopic compositions of soft tissues are found to reflect the mode of chemosymbiosis (i.e., methanotrophy vs. thiotrophy). Particularly gill tissues of bivalves with methanotrophic endosymbionts display marked light‐REE and trace metal enrichments, which is interpreted to reflect the enzymatic activity of endosymbionts. Additionally, correlations between light‐REE and copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and molybdenum (Mo) contents in soft tissues of chemosymbiotic mussels are ascribed to the uptake of these elements by the methanotrophic symbionts. An observed higher trace metal content in the tissue of the semi‐infaunal and infaunal bivalves with thiotrophic endosymbionts is believed to reflect the uptake of metals associated with sulfide particles. This study documents diagnostic enrichment of trace metals and light‐REE in the soft tissues of bivalves with chemotrophic endosymbionts and provides new constraints for future identification of chemosymbiosis at ancient seeps.
Observational Evaluation of Estimated Air Exchange Flux Between Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Free Troposphere With WRF Model
Authors: Jin Xipeng , Cai Xuhui , Li Qianhui , Zhang Hongsheng , Song Yu , Wang Xuesong , Kang Ling , Zhu Tong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVertical exchange between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and free troposphere (FT) is a key link in coupling the earth's surface and upper atmosphere. This process is usually quantified by numerical simulations, while its reliability is not well assessed until now. Using space‐time intensified ABL observations, we evaluate the ABL‐FT air mass exchange flux derived from the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. A six‐site sounding experiment is conducted in the North China Plain during the wintertime of 2019. The measured data is processed to provide enough information to derive the vertical exchange flux corresponding to the model‐based result, so that a systematic comparison is conducted. Three physical processes involved in ABL‐FT vertical exchange are quantitatively evaluated, that is, temporal variation of ABL height, advection across the inclined ABL top, and vertical motion at the ABL‐FT interface. Results show that the model‐based and observation‐based fluxes are generally agreed in temporal evolution (R = 0.67, p < 0.01), both characterized by 4–6 days periodicity and diurnal cycle. Their relative mean error was about 45% during the whole study period, mainly stemming from the vertical motion term and the advection crossing term. The model inaccuracy in representing these relevant processes at the ABL top is largely responsible for the discrepancy. Besides, the difference may also be attributed to the observational uncertainty (∼22%) that is caused by the measurement's difficulties in determining ABL spatial variation and acquiring vertical velocity. Through this study, the credibility and limitation of the WRF model in deriving ABL‐FT exchange flux are quantified.
Thermospheric Wind Response to March 2023 Storm: Largest Wind Ever Observed With a Fabry‐Perot Interferometer in Tromsø, Norway Since 2009
Authors: Oyama S. , Vanhamäki H. , Cai L. , Shinbori A. , Hosokawa K. , Sakanoi T. , Shiokawa K. , Aikio A. , Virtanen I. I. , Ogawa Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Kurita S. , Nishitani N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSolar cycles 24–25 were quiet until a geomagnetic storm with a Sym‐H index of −170 nT occurred in late March 2023. On March 23–24, a Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI; 630 nm) in Tromsø, Norway, recorded the highest thermospheric wind speed of over 500 m/s since 2009. Comparisons with magnetometer readings in Scandinavia showed that a large amount of electromagnetic energy was transferred to the ionosphere‐thermosphere system. Total electron content maps suggested an enlarged auroral oval and revealed that the FPI observed winds near the polar cap instead of inside the oval for a long period during the storm main phase. The FPI wind had a strong equatorward component during the storm, likely because of the powerful anti‐sunward ionospheric plasma flow in the polar cap. The positive Y‐component of the IMF for 6 days before the storm caused a successive westward component of the FPI‐measured wind during the storm main phase. On March 24, the first day of the storm recovery phase, thermospheric wind disturbed and the ionospheric density decreased significantly at high latitudes. This density depression lasted for several days, and a large amount of electromagnetic energy during the storm modified the thermospheric dynamics and ionospheric plasma density.
Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics
Authors: Erben Elena , Liao Weida , Minopoli Antonio , Maghelli Nicola , Lauga Eric , Kreysing Moritz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTechniques for high-definition micromanipulations, such as optical tweezers, hold substantial interest across a wide range of disciplines. However, their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser exposure. And while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative, their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and control. Here we show that the iterative application of laser-induced, localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles, irrespectively of their material properties. Compared to the standing theoretical proposal, our method keeps particles mobile, and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion limit. The resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically predictable. They represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom, whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender, happiness and nervousness. Our results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly, micro-manufacturing, the life sciences, robotics and opto-hydraulically actuated micro-factories.