bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steroid nuclear hormone receptors: The allosteric conversation
Authors: Doweyko Arthur M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) regulate gene expression by forming complexes with small molecule ligands, other proteins, and DNA. Specific ligands, which include steroids, thyroids, and retinoids, are responsible for the regulation of complex processes in cellular differentiation, homeostasis, reproduction, and development. NHRs responding to steroid ligands (e.g., androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and progesterones) are the focus of this review, in particular, highlighting the subtle relationships between ligand structure and receptor function. In the light of x‐ray crystallographic information obtained in recent years, the structural organization of the ligand‐ and DNA‐binding domains of steroid nuclear hormone receptors is well understood. Less clear is the means by which a steroid ligand affects the three‐dimensional structure of a receptor, and how subtle differences in ligand structure can lead to major differences in functional activity (agonism, partial agonism, antagonism). Potential mechanisms by which ligands elicit such effects, statistical and mutational techniques used to identify key protein residues likely involved in the transmission of structural information, and novel sites of ligand–protein interaction are discussed in this review. Drug Dev Res 68:95–106, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression pattern of T‐type Ca2+ channels in embryonic chick nodose ganglion neurons
Authors: Pachuau Judith , Martin‐Caraballo Miguel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this study we have characterized the functional expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels in developing chick nodose neurons, a population of placode‐derived sensory neurons innervating the heart and various visceral organs. Voltage‐gated Ca2+ currents were measured using whole cell patch clamp recordings in neurons acutely isolated between embryonic day (E) 7 and E20, prior to hatching. E7 nodose neurons express relatively large high voltage‐activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents. HVA current density progressively increases between E7 and E17. T‐type Ca2+ currents were restricted to a few nodose neurons between E7 and E10 but were present in ∼60% of nodose neurons by E17. T‐type Ca2+ channels regulate the response of nodose neurons to injection of hyperpolarizing currents, but do not have any effect on the action potential waveform. Nickel ions blocked T‐type Ca2+ currents in a concentration‐dependent manner with an IC50 of 17 μM. The high sensitivity of T‐type Ca2+ channels to nickel blockade combined with sequencing of a partial cDNA suggests that T‐type Ca2+ currents are generated by α1H subunits in chick nodose neurons. Steady‐state activation and inactivation kinetics were similar to those previously reported for other α1H channels in mammalian neurons. Semi‐quantitative PCR analysis indicates that α1H mRNA was present in chick nodose neurons by E7, suggesting that the functional expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels involves a posttranscriptional mechanism. These findings demonstrate a distinct pattern of T‐type Ca2+ channel functional expression in placode‐derived neurons when compared with CNS neurons. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
The DEAD box RNA helicase VBH‐1 is required for germ cell function in C. elegans
Authors: Salinas L. Silvia , Maldonado Ernesto , Macías‐Silva Marina , Blackwell T. Keith , Navarro Rosa E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractVasa and Belle are conserved DEAD box RNA helicases required for germ cell function. Homologs of this group of proteins in several species, including mammals, are able to complement a mutation in yeast (DED1) suggesting that their function is highly conserved. It has been proposed that these proteins are required for mRNA translation regulation, but their specific mechanism of action is still unknown. Here we describe functions of VBH‐1, a C. elegans protein closely related to Belle and Vasa. VBH‐1 is expressed specifically in the C. elegans germline, where it is associated with P granules, the C. elegans germ plasm counterpart. vbh‐1(RNAi) animals produce fewer offspring than wild type because of defects in oocyte and sperm production, and embryonic lethality. We also find that VBH‐1 participates in the sperm/oocyte switch in the hermaphrodite gonad. We conclude that VBH‐1 and its orthologs may perform conserved roles in fertility and development. genesis 45:533–546, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Floxed allele for conditional inactivation of the voltage‐gated sodium channel β1 subunit Scn1b
Authors: Chen Chunling , Dickendesher Travis L. , Oyama Fumitaka , Miyazaki Haruko , Nukina Nobuyuki , Isom Lori L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe voltage‐gated sodium channel gene Scn1b encodes the auxiliary subunit β1, which is widely distributed in neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle myocytes, and neuroendocrine cells. We showed previously that the Scn1b null mutation results in a complex and severe phenotype that includes retarded growth, seizures, ataxia, and death by postnatal day 21. We generated a floxed allele of Scn1b by inserting loxP sites surrounding the second coding exon. Ubiquitous deletion of the floxed exon by Cre recombinase using CMV‐Cre‐transgenic mice produced the Scn1bdel allele. The null phenotype of Scn1bdel homozygotes is indistinguishable from that of Scn1b nulls and confirms the invivo inactivation of Scn1b. Conditional inactivation ofthe floxed allele will make it possible to circumvent the lethality that results from complete loss of this gene, such that the physiological role of Scn1b in specific cell types and/or specific developmental time points can be investigated. genesis 45:547–553, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of Polycomb‐group genes in establishing HoxD temporal colinearity
Authors: Mishra Rakesh K. , Yamagishi Takumi , Vasanthi D. , Ohtsuka Chiho , Kondo Takashi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTemporal colinearity in mouse HoxD is dependent on repressive activity of sequences within the 5′ end of the complex. We show that a 5‐kb DNA fragment from this region represses transgenes when combined in mouse as well as in Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, repressive activity in Drosophila depends on some members of the Polycomb‐group (PcG) genes, for example, extra sex combs. We also showed direct association of these factors with the repressive fragment, both in transgenic flies and in the context of the native mouse HoxD complex. These results suggest that the global repressive region of the HoxD complex functions in two very different species and that some PcG genes are involved in establishing the early repressive state of the HoxD complex, thus contributing to temporal colinearity. genesis 45:570–576, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of an Frs2α conditional null allele
Authors: Lin Yongshun , Zhang Jue , Zhang Yongyou , Wang Fen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling family controls a broad spectrum of cellular processes in development and adult tissue homeostasis and function, which is expressed in almost all tissues at all stages. FGF receptor substrate 2 alpha (FRS2α) is an adaptor protein that recruits downstream substrates to the FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase. Disruption of Frs2α gene in mice abrogates activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway by the FGFR and leads to embryonic lethality at day E7.5 post copulation. To circumvent the embryonic lethality resulting from disruption of the Frs2α gene, which hinders further characterization of the role of FRS2α in adult tissue function and homeostasis, we generated an Frs2α conditional null allele for temporally‐ and tissue‐specific disruption of the Frs2α gene. Using gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells, we introduced two loxP sites flanking the largest coding exon, exon 5, in the Frs2α allele. Our results indicate that the floxed Frs2α (Frs2αflox) allele is a true conditional null allele that encodes wildtype activity and is converted to a null allele after Cre recombinase mediated recombination. genesis 45:554–559, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of a Twist1 conditional null allele in the mouse
Authors: Chen You‐Tzung , Akinwunmi Peter O. , Deng Jian Min , Tam Oliver H. , Behringer Richard R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwist1 is the mouse ortholog of TWIST1, the human gene mutated in Saethre‐Chotzen syndrome. Previously, a Twist1 null allele was generated by gene targeting in mouse embryonic stem cells. Twist1 heterozygous mice develop polydactyly and a craniofacial phenotype similar to Saethre‐Chotzen patients. Mice homozygous for the Twist1 null allele die around embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) with cranial neural tube closure and vascular defects, hindering in vivo studies of Twist1 function at later stages of development. Here, we report the generation of a Twist1 conditional null allele in mice that functions like a wild‐type allele but can be converted to a null allele upon Cre‐mediated recombination. genesis 45:588–592, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A global double‐fluorescent Cre reporter mouse
Authors: Muzumdar Mandar Deepak , Tasic Bosiljka , Miyamichi Kazunari , Li Ling , Luo Liqun 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Cre/loxP system has been used extensively for conditional mutagenesis in mice. Reporters of Cre activity are important for defining the spatial and temporal extent of Cre‐mediated recombination. Here we describe mT/mG, a double‐fluorescent Cre reporter mouse that expresses membrane‐targeted tandem dimer Tomato (mT) prior to Cre‐mediated excision and membrane‐targeted green fluorescent protein (mG) after excision. We show that reporter expression is nearly ubiquitous, allowing visualization of fluorescent markers in live and fixed samples of all tissues examined. We further demonstrate that mG labeling is Cre‐dependent, complementary to mT at single cell resolution, and distinguishable by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. Both membrane‐targeted markers outline cell morphology, highlight membrane structures, and permit visualization of fine cellular processes. In addition to serving as a global Cre reporter, the mT/mG mouse may also be used as a tool for lineage tracing, transplantation studies, and analysis of cell morphology in vivo. genesis 45:593–605, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of early family life events amongst monozygotic twin women with lifetime anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or major depression
Authors: Wade Tracey D , Gillespie Nathan , Martin Nicholas G 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives:To investigate the differential profile of early family life events associated with lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and major depression (MD).Method:Only data from the monozygotic twins (n = 622) were examined from a community sample of female twins who had participated in three waves of data collection. Eating disorder and MD diagnoses were ascertained from the Eating Disorder Examination at Wave 3 and interview at Wave 2 respectively. Early family events were ascertained from self‐report measures at Waves 1 and 3. Two case control designs were used, including a comparison of women: (1) who had lifetime AN, BN, MD, and controls, and (2) twin pairs discordant for either AN, BN, or MD (where the unaffected cotwin formed the control group).Results:Across the two types of designs, compared to controls, both AN and BN were associated with more comments from the family about weight and shape when growing up. AN was uniquely associated with higher levels of paternal protection while BN was associated with higher levels of parental expectations.Conclusion:While some overlap among early life events was indicated, especially related to parental conflict and criticism, there was evidence to support some degree of nonoverlap among life events associated with AN, BN, and MD. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Specific and nonspecific comorbidity in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Jordan Jennifer , Joyce Peter R. , Carter Frances A. , Horn Jacqueline , McIntosh Virginia V.W. , Luty Suzanne E. , McKenzie Janice M. , Frampton Christopher M.A. , Mulder Roger T. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjective:This article reports lifetime Axis I and II comorbidity in women with anorexia nervosa (AN), and ascertains specific and nonspecific comorbidity in AN compared to clinical samples of women with bulimia nervosa (BN) or major depression (DEP).Method:Outpatient AN (n = 56), BN (n = 132), and DEP (n = 100) samples were assessed using Structured Clinical Interviews I and II for DSM‐III‐R. Baseline data were compared using univariate statistics and logistic regression.Results:In the AN sample as a whole, specific elevations were found for prevalences of obsessive compulsive disorder. The AN‐binge eating purging subtype (AN‐BP) and the BN sample had elevated prevalences of Cluster B personality disorders. Cluster C prevalences were elevated across samples.Conclusion:Evidence of AN‐specific, eating disorder‐specific, and nonspecific comorbidity illustrates the heterogeneity in AN. Further research is need to examine the relative impact of specific and nonspecific comorbidity in AN subtypes and AN as a whole. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
The multifaceted role of distress tolerance in dysregulated eating behaviors
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Selby Edward A. , Fink Erin L. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjective:Few empirical studies have examined the potential role of affect in dysregulated eating. The authors hypothesized that distress tolerance would predict EDI‐Bulimia, even when controlling for several covariates, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, and all four subscales of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Additionally, the authors predicted low levels of distress tolerance would interact with high levels of urgency to predict EDI‐Bulimia. Finally, the authors predicted that distress tolerance would mediate the previously reported relationship between anxiety sensitivity and EDI‐Bulimia.Method:A sample of undergraduates (N = 200) filled out a series of questionnaires pertaining to the variables of interest, including the Eating Disorder Inventory, UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, Distress Tolerance Scale, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index.Results:All three hypotheses were supported by the data.Conclusion:Authors suggest that deficits in distress tolerance might play a significant role in the etiology and maintenance of bulimic symptoms. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Fingerprints of Singlet and Triplet Phenyl Cations
Authors: Slegt Micha , Overkleeft Hermen S. , Lodder Gerrit 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe photolyses of seven phenyl cation precursors in acetonitrile in the presence of anisole resulted in four distinct product patterns. These patterns are due to the chemoselective and regioselective chemistry of various phenyl cation isomers. This spin‐selective chemistry provides a tool with which to fingerprint the singlet/triplet nature of any phenyl cation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Determination of peptide hormones of brain and intestine by CE with ESI‐MS detection
Authors: Xia Shifei , Zhang Lan , Tong Ping , Lu Minghua , Liu Wei , Chen Guonan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new method for the determination of the peptide hormones of brain and intestine based on CE coupling with a DAD and ESI‐MS was established. Several electrophoretic and ESI‐MS parameters were investigated in detail, such as electrolyte nature and concentration, organic solvent and sheath liquid compositions, nebulization gas pressure and the ESI capillary voltage. Optimized conditions were achieved with 25 mM formic acid‐ammonium formate (pH 2.9) as the optimal electrolyte, 2 mM formic acid in 80% methanol in water as the sheath liquid, and 20 kV applied voltage. Under the optimized conditions, four protonated peptides were separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath flow ESI interface. LODs for the four peptides (neurotensin hexapeptide, neurotensin, cholecystokinin tetrapeptide, and pentagastrin) were in the range of 0.10–0.60 µmol/L at an S/N of 3. The RSDs (n = 8) of the method were 0.70–1.5% for migration times and 1.6–6.1% for peak areas. This method is simple, rapid, and selective compared with RIA and ELISA techniques, and has been applied to the analysis of rat hypothalamus tissue.
Efficient micro carbon column rapid breakthrough technique for water and wastewater treatability studies
Authors: Chang Qi‐Gang , Zhang Wei , Jiang Wen‐Xin , Li Bing‐Jing , Ying Wei‐Chi , Lin Wei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA simple and cost‐effective method for conducting adsorption breakthrough experiments in a microsize carbon column is proposed; it is much faster than the conventional methods. Relative to the existing microcolumn rapid breakthrough (MCRB) methods, this method employs simplified procedure, low cost and readily available pump, sampler, and piping and fittings to allow its practice in an ordinary environmental laboratory. The efficient MCRB method may be employed to identify the best granular activated carbon, to verify its treatment effectiveness, and to estimate its capacity utilization rate and the adsorption treatment cost. The effects of particle size and empty bed contact time on MCRB test results were determined. The validity and benefits of this MCRB method were demonstrated by the adsorption breakthrough data for phenol, red dye X3B, tannic acid, MTBE, 2,4‐dichrophenol, and the organic pollutants in a biologically treated coking plant effluent. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Climate change triggered sedimentation and progressive tectonic uplift in a coupled piedmont–axial system: Cuyama Valley, California, USA
Authors: DeLong Stephen B. , Pelletier Jon D. , Arnold Lee J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChannels on the north‐facing piedmont of the Sierra Madre range in Cuyama Valley, California have alternated between three process regimes during the late Quaternary: (1) vertical incision into piedmont alluvium and older sedimentary deposits; (2) lateral erosion; and (3) sediment accumulation. The state of the piedmont system at a given time has been controlled by upstream sediment flux, regional tectonic uplift and incision of the axial Cuyama River.To better understand the timing and to attempt to interpret causes of past geomorphological processes on the Sierra Madre piedmont, we mapped the surficial geology and dated alluvial deposits using radiocarbon, cosmogenic and optical dating methods. Four primary episodes of sedimentation have occurred since ca. 100 ka, culminating in the most recent period of extensive piedmont sedimentation between 30 and 20 ka. Fill terraces in Cuyama Valley formed by piedmont sediment accumulation followed by vertical incision and lateral erosion are fairly planar and often mantle strath bedrock surfaces. Their vertical spatial arrangement is a record of progressive regional tectonic uplift and concomitant axial Cuyama River channel incision migrating up tributary piedmont channels. Subparallel longitudinal terrace profiles which have a linear age–elevation relationship indicate that multiple episodes of climatically controlled sedimentation overprints ∼1 m kyr−1 of regional uplift affecting the Cuyama River and its tributaries.Sedimentation was probably a result of increased precipitation that caused saturation landsliding in steep catchments. It is possible that increased precipitation during the Last Glacial Maximum was caused by both continental‐scale circulation pattern reorganization and increased Pacific storm frequency and intensity caused by ‘early warming’ of nearby Pacific Ocean surface waters. Older episodes of piedmont sedimentation are difficult to correlate with specific climate regimes, but may correlate with previous periods of increased precipitation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐order arbitrarily unstructured finite‐volume model of the global atmosphere: Tests solving the shallow‐water equations
Authors: Weller Hilary , Weller Henry G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSimulations of the global atmosphere for weather and climate forecasting require fast and accurate solutions and so operational models use high‐order finite differences on regular structured grids. This precludes the use of local refinement; techniques allowing local refinement are either expensive (e.g. high‐order finite element techniques) or have reduced accuracy at changes in resolution (e.g. unstructured finite volume with linear differencing).We present solutions of the shallow‐water equations for westerly flow over a mid‐latitude mountain from a finite‐volume model written using OpenFOAM. A second‐/third‐order accurate differencing scheme is applied on arbitrarily unstructured meshes made up of various shapes and refinement patterns. The results are as accurate as equivalent resolution spectral methods. Using lower‐order differencing reduces accuracy at a refinement pattern which allows errors from refinement of the mountain to accumulate and reduces the global accuracy over a 15‐day simulation. We have, therefore, introduced a scheme that fits a 2D cubic polynomial approximately on a stencil around each cell. Using this scheme means that refinement of the mountain improves the accuracy after a 15‐day simulation.This is a more severe test of local mesh refinement for global simulations than has been presented but a realistic test if these techniques are to be used operationally. These efficient, high‐order, schemes may make it possible for local mesh refinement to be used by weather and climate forecast models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservative integrals of adiabatic Durran's equations
Authors: Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. , Dörnbrack Andreas 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPotential advances are investigated in the area of generalized anelastic approximations. Consistent control‐volume integrals are designed and compared for the established Lipps–Hemler form (of anelastic approximation) and Durran's pseudo‐incompressible form. The Durran system provides a unique theoretical tool—useful for research of geophysical and stellar flows—within the existing set of reduced, Boussinesq‐type fluid models. It represents thermal aspects of compressibility free of sound waves, yet the momentum equation is unapproximated. The latter admits unabbreviated baroclinic production of vorticity, thus facilitating separation of compressibility and baroclinicity effects per se. Compared with other reduced fluid models, there is little cumulative experience with integrating the Durran system. Perhaps the first conservative integrations of Durran's equations are presented, using flux‐form transport methods and exact projection for the associated elliptic problem. Because the resulting code is built from a preexisting anelastic model, the consistency of the numerics is assured thus minimizing uncertainties associated with ad hoc code comparisons. While broader physical implications are addressed, theoretical considerations are illustrated with examples of atmospheric flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient synthesis of 1‐substituted‐4‐phenyl‐1, 4‐dihydro‐5H‐tetrazole‐5‐thione and (1‐phenyl‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)thioacetyl derivatives
Authors: Fathalla Walid , Ali Ibrahim A. I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new and convenient synthesis of a variety of N‐ and S‐substituted tetrazoles has been developed via azide and Mannich reaction methods. Compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, MALDI MS, and 1H NMR data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:637–643, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20353