bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumferential Suture of the Mitral Annulus for Correction of Mitral Regurgitation in Dogs
Authors: BUCHANAN JAMES W. , SAMMARCO CARL D. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To develop a method for reducing mitral regurgitation in dogs by positioning and tightening a circumferential suture around the mitral valve annulus.Study Design—Description of clinical cases.Animals—15 dogs with spontaneous mitral valve disease, annular dilation, and refractory congestive heart failure treated between 1962 and 1994.Methods—A composite suture material was constructed using braided Teflon‐impregnated polyester sternotomy suture, barium sulfate thread, and Silastic tubing. Through a left lateral thoracotomy, the suture was positioned around the mitral annulus by passing it through the coronary sinus, right atrium, and underneath the left coronary arteries before tightening it.Results—Six dogs died during surgery because of hemorrhage from the left atrium, coronary sinus, or left coronary artery. Three dogs died postoperatively because of coronary artery compression by the suture. Satisfactory suture placement was achieved in six dogs, three of which were long‐term survivors (6 to 26 months) before they were euthanatized for noncardiac reasons.Conclusions—Reduction of mitral annulus diameter with a circumferential purse‐string suture does not require cardiopulmonary bypass. The surgery is technically difficult, and detailed knowledge of coronary artery anatomy is required. The current suture design is inexpensive, radiopaque, and biocompatible; no special instruments are required for placement.Clinical Relevance—Mitral regurgitation is the most common cardiovascular disorder in dogs and the most common cause of congestive heart failure. Annular dilation occurs as a consequence of mitral regurgitation. Placement and tightening of a circumferential suture around the mitral annulus reduces the degree of mitral regurgitation.
The Effect of Triple Pelvic Osteotomy on the Articular Contact Area of the Hip Joint in Dysplastic Dogs: An in Vitro Experimental Study
Authors: DEJARDIN LOIC M. , PERRY RUBY L. , ARNOCZKY STEVEN P. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To investigate the effect of triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) on articular contact area and acetabular coverage of dysplastic hip joints in dogs. Study Design—Articular contact area and femoral head coverage by the acetabulum were computed in vitro in normal and dysplastic canine hips. The effect of TPO on articular contact and coverage was then analyzed in the dysplastic hips.Sample Population—Five normal and six dysplastic canine cadaver specimens. Methods—Contact area and coverage of loaded hips were computed using serial computed tomography scan images before and after TPO. Three angles of acetabular ventroversion (AVV) were studied (20°, 30°, and 40°). Using a custom‐designed hinge plate, angles of spontaneous hip reduction in dysplastic hips were compared with previously recorded angles of reduction determined by the Ortolani test. Results—Contact area significantly increased from 0° to 30° of AVV, then remained virtually unchanged. Coverage significantly increased from 0° to 20° of AVV. Both contact and coverage of normal hips were similar, yet significantly smaller than those of dysplastic hips once reduction had occurred. The experimental angles of reduction were significantly smaller and poorly correlated with the angles of reduction determined by the Ortolani test. Although coverage continued to increase with AVV, the actual joint contact area did not significantly vary after relocation of the femoral head. Conclusions—This study suggests that increasing AVV beyond 20° does not significantly improve the beneficial effects of TPO and therefore should be carefully weighed against increased risks of postoperative complications associated with large angles of AVV.
Splenocaval Shunting for Alleviation of Portal Hypertension in a Dog: A Case Report
Authors: POY NANCY S. J. , DEGNER DANIEL A. , HAUPTMAN JOE G. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To describe the construction and use of a splenocaval shunt to prevent portal hypertension in a dog with iatrogenic rupture and subsequent complete occlusion of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (IPSS). Study Design—Case report describing a single, client‐owned animal. Results—During dissection, the back wall of an IPSS was torn. Complete shunt occlusion was required to control the hemorrhage. This resulted in the development of life‐threatening portal hypertension. Emergency splenocaval shunt construction reduced the portal pressure from 47 to 20 cm H20. The dog experienced minimal postoperative complications. A second surgical procedure was performed a month later to completely ligate the splenocaval shunt. Conclusions—A splenocaval shunt can be used to divert blood from the portal to the systemic circulation to control portal hypertension. In this dog, it resulted in a successful outcome with few complications. Clinical Relevance—The splenocaval shunt could be constructed before the dissection of a difficult IPSS if problems arise as occurred in the dog described in this report. Complete IPSS occlusion can be performed without development of portal hypertension.
Fragmented Coronoid Process and Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle in a Rottweiler
Authors: ROVESTI GIAN LUCA , FLÜCKIGER MARK , MARGINI ANDREA , MARCELLIN‐LITTLE DENIS J. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To describe incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle and fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in a Rottweiler.Study Design—Clinical report.Animal Population—A 4‐year‐old sexually intact male Rottweiler.Methods—Physical examination, radiography, and computed tomography of both elbow joints were performed initially. Drill holes were made across the humeral condyle to promote ossification. Radiography and computed tomography were repeated 14 weeks later. Radiography was repeated 15 months later. A mild, intermittent lameness remained.Results—Preoperatively a radiolucent line was present across the right humeral condyle. This radiolucent line remained unchanged 14 weeks after drill holes were made across the condyle.Conclusions—Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is present in Rottweilers.Clinical Relevance—Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle is present in Rottweilers and may coexist with fragmentation of the medial coronoid process in that breed. The radiographic diagnosis may be difficult because precise positioning is required to see the area of incomplete ossification. Computed tomography may be required to confirm the presence of incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle. Drilling holes across the humeral condyle does not appear to lead to union of the area of incomplete ossification.
Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer: Results in 57 Consecutive Cases
Authors: FOWLER J. DAVID , DEGNER DANIEL A. , WALSHAW RICHARD , WALKER DAVID 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To evaluate the outcomes and complications in a consecutive series of animals undergoing microvascular reconstructive procedures at two veterinary institutions. Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals or Sample Population—A total of 44 client‐owned dogs and one red‐necked wallaby.Methods—The medical records of all animals undergoing reconstructive microsurgical procedures at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine and Michigan State University were reviewed. Microvascular flap survival and related complications were described. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of relationships between operative factors and outcome.Results—A total of 57 microvascular procedures were performed on 55 animals. Reconstruction was required after trauma in 42 animals, after ablative cancer surgery in 11 animals and for correction of congenital tissue aplasia in 1 animal. Donor tissues included the superficial cervical cutaneous, medial saphenous fasciocutaneous or musculofasciocutaneous, caudal superficial epigastric cutaneous, trapezius muscle or musculocutaneous, caudal sartorius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle or musculocutaneous, cranial abdominal myoperitoneal, carpal footpad, digital footpad, and vascularized ulnar bone flaps. A total of 53 of 57 flaps (93%) survived. There was a significant relationship between flap failure and level of assistant surgeon experience (P< .05). Latissimus dorsi flaps were significantly more likely to fail when compared with pooled data from all other flap types (P< .01).Conclusions—The success of microvascular tissue transfer in this case series compares favorably with those reported in human reconstructive microsurgery. Both the primary and assistant surgeon should be practiced in microsurgical technique. Failure of latissimus dorsi flaps was not likely caused by an inherently deficient flap design, but was more likely attributed to the location and severity of trauma at the recipient site, the difficulty in isolating suitable recipient vessels for anastomosis or the absence of a trained assistant surgeon during these procedures.Clinical Relevance—This retrospective study documents the successful application of microvascular technique in a series of clinical cases requiring tissue reconstruction.
Complete Ligation of Extrahepatic Congenital Portosystemi Shunts in Nonencephalopathic Dogs
Authors: HARVEY JAY , ERB HOLLIS N. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To evaluate lack of encephalopathy as a positive prognostic factor for complete ligation of extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs.Study Design—Retrospective analysis of case records.Animals—Dogs with extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, from 1985 to 1996.Methods—The ability to completely ligate the shunting vessel in 12 nonencephalopathic dogs was compared with that in 44 encephalopathic dogs with similar shunts.Results—Clinical signs in the 12 nonencephalopathic dogs were related to ammonium biurate urolithiasis. All 12 dogs had single extrahepatic shunting vessels. The rate of complete ligation in the nonencephalopathic dogs was 92%, whereas the rate of complete ligation in the 44 encephalopathic dogs with single extrahepatic shunts was 59%. The ability to completely ligate the shunt in nonencephalopathic dogs was significantly better (P= .04) than in the encephalopathic dogs.Conclusion—Lack of encephalopathy is a positive prognostic factor for complete ligation of single extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts.Clinical Relevance—In most affected dogs, extrahepatic congenital portosystemic shunts in nonencephalopathic dogs can be completely ligated.
Limb Salvage Surgery for Osteosarcoma of the Proximal Humerus: Outcome in 17 Dogs
Authors: KUNTZ CHARLES A. , ASSELIN TONIA L. , DERNELL WILLIAM S. , POWERS BARBARA E. , STRAW RODNEY C. , WITHROW STEPHEN J. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To describe function and identify factors that affect outcome in dogs undergoing limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma (OS) of the proximal humerus.Study Design—A retrospective study of dogs in which OS of the proximal humerus was treated with limb salvage surgery.Animals—17 client‐owned dogs.Methods: Records were analyzed for functional outcome, recurrence, metastasis, and survival.Results—Outcome was good to excellent in 12% of dogs. Recurrence, metastasis, and survival were significantly affected by completeness of surgical margins. Double plating of the distal allograft‐host junction significantly reduced frequency of biomechanical failure.Conclusions—Limb salvage surgery for OS of the proximal humerus did not result in acceptable function and was fraught with postoperative complications. Outcome was significantly affected by completeness of surgical margins.Clinical Relevance—Limb salvage surgery for OS of the proximal humerus in dogs cannot be recommended until improvement in functional outcome and reduction in postoperative complications can be achieved. The dependence of outcome on completeness of surgical margins supports aggressive en bloc resection and marking and evaluating surgical margins.
Biomechanical Comparison of the Trocar Tip Point and the Hollow Ground Tip Point for Smooth External Skeletal Fixation Pins
Authors: MARTI JUAN M. , ROE SIMON C. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To compare the insertional characteristics of external fixator pins with hollow ground (HG), modified HG, and trocar (T) points. Study Design—An acute, in vitro biomechanical evaluation.Sample Population—Thirteen radii from canine cadavers. Methods—A total of 16 T‐tipped and 16 HG‐tipped pins were inserted into 8 canine radii. Ten pins of each modification of the HG tip (length of the cutting edge reduced by 0.127 mm and 0.254 mm, respectively) were inserted into another five radii. All pins were inserted with low‐speed power drilling and 80 N drilling load. Differences between peak tip temperature, drilling energy, and pullout force were determined for each pin type at both diaphyseal and metaphyseal locations. Results—HG‐tipped pins showed a 40% lower tip temperature in diaphyseal bone, a 25% reduction in drilling energy in diaphyseal bone, and a reduction of pullout force in both diaphyseal (65%) and metaphyseal (50%) bone compared with T‐tipped pins. HG 0.254‐mm pins generated higher tip temperatures and had greater pullout than HG pins in diaphyseal bone. Conclusions—The HG tip was a more efficient design; however, the reduction in pullout force suggests that, because a better hole was drilled, radial preload is reduced. Reduction of the cutting edge by 0.254 mm increased the pullout force but also increased the temperatures. Clinical Relevance—Thermal and microstructural damage are reduced by the HG tip, but pin‐bone interface stability is also compromised. The use of a tip with 0.254 mm reduction in the cutting edge may optimize the biological and mechanical factors at the pin‐bone interface.
Effect of Dimethylsulfoxide on Articular Cartilage Proteoglycan Synthesis and Degradation, Chondrocyte Viability, and Matrix Water Content
Authors: MATTHEWS GLORIA L. , ENGLER STEPHEN J. , MORRIS ELISABETH A. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To determine the effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) exposure on cartilage proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, PG degradation, chondrocyte viability, and matrix water content.Study Design—Using a cartilage explant culture system, PG synthesis, PG degradation, matrix water content, and chondrocyte viablity were determined for cartilage exposed to DMSO daily for selected periods of time.Animals or Sample Population—Juvenile bovine (calf) carpometacarpal joint cartilage ex‐plants.Methods—PG synthesis:Explants (n = 30/group) were separated into 10 groups based on the time of daily exposure to 10% DMSO. Exposure time was repeated daily for 3 days. The control group was incubated in basal medium alone for 3 days, with daily medium changes. Once all DMSO exposure times were complete for the third day, PG synthesis was determined by analysis of incorporation of radiolabelled sulfate.Cell viability:Explants (n = 3/group) were subjected to an identical DMSO exposure protocol, and examined histologically. The percentage of viable cells/high power field (hpf) was calculated for each group.PG degradation:Explants (n = 21/group) were preincubated with radiolabelled sulfate, then subjected to a similar DMSO exposure protocol. The medium was collected from all explants daily and assayed for PG content. After 3 days, the explants were digested and total labelled PG content determined. Percent of total explant labelled PG content released into the medium daily was determined for each group.Water content:Explants (n = 21/group) were separated into three treatment groups, one of which had no treatments performed, whereas the other two groups were incubated in basal medium for 72 hours, one with, and one without, 10% DMSO. Wet and dry weights were determined, and percent water calculated, for all three groups. Separate 1‐way ANOVA were performed, with appropriate post hoc tests (p < .05).Results—PG synthesis was significantly lower than control for all time periods of DMSO exposure except for 1 and 3 hours, and decreased in a time‐dependent manner after the 1‐hour exposure time. The mean percentage of viable cells/hpf was significantly lower than control for the 1‐, 3‐, 9‐, 12‐, and 24‐hour treatment groups. There was no significant difference in PG degradation for any group compared with control for the first 2 days of incubation. All groups except the 24‐hour group had a significantly higher degradation compared with control for the third day of incubation. Cartilage exposed to DMSO for 72 hours had a significantly lower water content, and cartilage incubated in basal medium alone for 72 hours had a significantly higher water content than cartilage that received no DMSO and no incubation.Conclusions—DMSO, in relatively low concentration, is detrimental to articular cartilage PG
Surgical Reduction of Ileal Impactions in the Horse: 28 Cases
Authors: HANSON R. REID , WRIGHT JAMES C. , SCHUMACHER JOHN , BAIRD A.N. , HUMBURG JAY , PUGH D.G. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To evaluate the seasonal influence, signalment, type of hay consumed, clinical examination findings, and outcome after surgery for horses with ileal impaction.Study Design—A retrospective study.Results—Between 1988 and 1993, 28 horses had surgical correction of ileal impaction. There was a significantly higher rate of ileal impaction during the Fall (September‐November,P= .0041). Mean duration of clinical signs of abdominal pain before referral was 15 hours. Transrectal palpation was used to localize the impaction in 11 horses. The ileal impaction was reduced by extraluminal massage aided by admixing of intestinal fluid oral to the impaction or injection of fluids intraluminally and then movement of the ingesta into the cecum alone in 24 horses. A total of 26 horses recovered from surgery; 24 horses were discharged from the hospital and eventually returned to previous use. Two horses had fatal postoperative complications: jejunocec‐ostomy dehiscence and development of extensive small intestine adhesions after manual reduction of the impaction. One horse initially treated by manual reduction required jejunocecostomy twice for management of recurrent ileal impaction. Follow‐up information was obtained for 21 horses, of which 20 were alive 1 year or longer after surgery. A total of 27 of 28 horses were fed Coastal Bermudagrass hay as the primary type of hay consumed. A total of 9 horses continued to be fed Coastal Bermudagrass hay as the only roughage source, whereas 6 horses were fed Coastal Bermudagrass with at least 50% other hay, and in 6 horses, Coastal Bermudagrass hay was entirely eliminated from the diet.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Ileal impactions can be successfully reduced by celiotomy and extraluminal massage and injection techniques to soften the ingesta for passage into the cecum without enterotomy or bypass techniques in most horses. Changes in weather and feeding practices in the Fall may account for an increased risk of ileal impaction in horses in the southeastern United States at that time of year.
Oxytocin Content of the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Dogs and Its Relationship to Pain Induced by Spinal Cord Compression
Authors: DVM DOROTHY CIMINO BROWN , VMD SANDRA PERKOWSKI 
Published: February 2008

Objectives—To determine whether oxytocin exists in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs and whether the amount of oxytocin in the CSF of dogs with neck or back pain caused by spinal cord compression is significantly different than that in the CSF of clinically normal dogs. Study Design—Prospective controlled study. Animal Population—A total of 15 purpose‐bred beagles and 17 client‐owned dogs. Methods—CSF was collected by needle puncture of the cerebellar medullary cistern after induction of general anesthesia. Oxytocin levels within the samples were determined through radioimmunoassay. Results—Dogs with spinal cord compression had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than the clinically normal dogs (13.76 ± 2.0 pg/mL and 3.61 ± 0.63 pg/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Dogs with chronic signs (>7 days) had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than dogs with acute signs (<7 days) (21.60 ± 0.86 pg/mL and 6.80 ± 0.81 pg/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Both acutely and chronically affected dogs had significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than the controls (P < .005 and P < .0001 respectively). Conclusions—Dogs with neck and back pain caused by spinal cord compression have significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than clinically normal dogs. Dogs with chronic clinical signs have significantly more oxytocin in their CSF than dogs with acute clinical signs. Clinical Relevance—In humans, intrathecal injection of oxytocin is effective in treating low back pain for up to 5 hours. Intrathecal oxytocin may be a logical choice for perioperative analgesia in dogs undergoing myelography because the intrathecal space is accessed for injection of contrast agent.
The Effects of an Institutional Care Map on the Admission Rates and Medical Costs in Women with Acute Pyelonephritis
Authors: Kim Kyuseok , Lee Christopher C. , Rhee Joong Eui , Suh Gil Joon , Lee Hwi‐Jae , Kim Hong Bin , Singer Adam J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  There are no disposition guidelines for the management of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in women. Recent studies have demonstrated considerable variation in admission rates for women with APN. The authors evaluated the effect of a predetermined, written protocol for the management of APN on the admission rates and medical costs in adult women with APN.Methods:  From January 2006 to December 2006, women presenting to an emergency department (ED) with APN (the after group) were prospectively enrolled. Patients were managed using a predetermined, written protocol that included intravenous ciprofloxacin, antipyretics, antiemetics, and hydration. After a 6‐hour observation, patients were reevaluated and discharged on oral medications if they met predefined discharge criteria. Data from all APN patients who presented from May 2003 to December 2005 (before the written protocol was adopted) were also collected for comparative analysis (the before group). These two groups were compared in terms of admission rates, rates of revisits to the ED within 7 days, ultimate admission rate, and medical costs incurred. Mean costs of admission and outpatient‐based APN management were determined by analyzing the hospital cost database of the before group.Results:  There were 388 and 139 patients in the before and after groups, respectively. The initial admission rate of the after group was significantly lower than that of the before group (15.1% vs. 47.7%, p < 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to ED revisit rates after initial discharge (11.9% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.38). For initially discharged patients, 8.5% of the before group and 5.8% of the after group were later admitted, which was not significantly different (p = 0.42). Mean direct medical costs (in U.S. dollars) for initially hospitalized and discharged patients in the before group were $1,520 and $263 (p < 0.001). With the price rise during the study period, it was not reasonable to sum and calculate the mean cost with all before and after protocol costs.Conclusions:  Use of a standardized written protocol reduced the admission rates and medical costs in women presenting to the ED with APN.
Fixed drug eruption:state of the art
Authors: Özkaya Esen 
Published: February 2008

SummaryFixed drug eruption (FDE) is a common type of cutaneous adverse drug reaction.There may be a genetic background as significant associations have been identified between HLA types and specific FDE.Systemic provocation is still the gold standard for establishing the offending agent in FDE,but topical provocation testing offers a promising alternative approach. A standardized method does not exist, and the approach must likely be varied for different agents. The mystery of site preference in FDE is still unresolved. Possible explanations include properties of the drug, trauma and viscerocutaneous reflex patterns.