bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs and practices of the nursing team related to pressure injury preventive measures: A analysis of social representations
Authors: de Almeida Rosa Maria Ferreira , Tura Luiz Fernando Rangel , Queiroz Ana Beatriz Azevedo , Ferreira Márcia de Assunção , da Silva Rafael Celestino 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo analyse the process of elaborating social representations about pressure injury preventive measures by the nursing team (nurses and nurse technicians) and how this process relates to preventive practices for hospitalized patients.DesignQualitative study, with the application of the theory of social representations in its procedural methodological approach.MethodsThe study was carried out in an inpatient clinic of a public hospital in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Totally, 28 nursing professionals in the medical clinic sectors who had worked directly with patient care for more than 6 months participated. The data were collected between July and September 2021 via in‐depth interviews with the application of a semi‐structured instrument. Analysis was carried out with the help of ALCESTE software, which performed a lexicographic analysis, and also via thematic analysis. The COREQ guided the presentation of the research report.ResultsThe social representations were developed based on the professionals' symbolic beliefs about the visibility/invisibility of the results of applying preventive care. These symbolic constructions mobilized positive and negative feelings among the nursing team, which guided the classification of prevention practices as being of greater or lesser priority among other care activities. There were favourable attitudes among professionals, which included applying prevention measures in their daily routines, and unfavourable attitudes of non‐adherence to the institution's protocol for preventing pressure injuries.ConclusionsThe nursing team's perception of pressure injury prevention is influenced by symbolic, affective, values, and social dimensions. Non‐adherence behaviours are attributed to the belief in the invisibility of prevention outcomes, resulting in a reluctance to implement preventive measures.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding the subjective logic that explains the thinking and actions of the nursing team suggests the need to incorporate discussions on beliefs, values, sentiments, and attitudes of nursing professionals into educational programs on pressure injury prevention.Patient or Public ContributionNo public contribution.
Inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida impairs adaptive immunity in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)
Authors: Chakraborty Setu , Gnanagobal Hajarooba , Hossain Ahmed , Cao Trung , Vasquez Ignacio , Boyce Danny , Santander Javier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida, a widely distributed aquatic pathogen causing furunculosis in fish, exhibits varied virulence, posing challenges in infectious disease and immunity studies, notably in vaccine efficacy assessment. Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) has become a valuable model for marine pathogenesis studies. This study evaluated several antigen preparations against A. salmonicida J223, a hypervirulent strain of teleost fish, including lumpfish. The potential immune protective effect of A. salmonicida bacterins in the presence and absence of the A‐layer and extracellular products was tested in lumpfish. Also, we evaluated the impact of A. salmonicida outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and iron‐regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) on lumpfish immunity. The immunized lumpfish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) challenged with 104 A. salmonicida cells/dose at 8 weeks‐post immunization (wpi). Immunized and non‐immunized fish died within 2 weeks post‐challenge. Our analyses showed that immunization with A. salmonicida J223 bacterins and antigen preparations did not increase IgM titres. In addition, adaptive immunity biomarker genes (e.g., igm, mhc‐ii and cd4) were down‐regulated. These findings suggest that A. salmonicida J223 antigen preparations hinder lumpfish immunity. Notably, many fish vaccines are bacterin‐based, often lacking efficacy evaluation. This study offers crucial insights for finfish vaccine approval and regulations.
A novel process for rutin recovery from model solutions using nanofiltration: Experimental study, mathematical modeling, and scale‐up design
Authors: Tiwari Ashwani Kumar , Jain Manish 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPressure‐driven membrane processes represent a credible method for the separation and concentration of natural polyphenols. The separation characteristics and their productivity depend on several factors such as molecular weight cut‐off, operating conditions, and test cell parameters. In this study, a compact polyamide HFT‐NF150 nanofiltration membrane has been tested to separate different model solutions of rutin, and the effects of operating conditions like trans‐membrane pressure, feed concentration, and feed flow rates were analyzed. All the findings of the experiment revealed that the maximum permeate flux of 3.04 × 10−5 m3/m2 s and 98.5% rejection were obtained at a high feed flow rate of 36 L/h and a high pressure of 6 × 105 Pa. Also, the Spiegler–Kedem model is used to report the mass transport phenomenon across the membrane. The unconstrained minimization technique based on the simplex search method was applied for the estimation of the unknown parameters. The theoretical and experimental values for permeate characteristics were then compared for each experimental data point for the model validation. Later, a mathematical model was used to check the scale‐up viability of the process to the commercial limit.Practical applicationsIn the past few years, naturally occurring bioactive compounds have revolutionized the whole scientific community for their exploration. Rutin is one such phenolic compound that is present in significant amounts in buckwheat and has a wide range of applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work, an energy‐efficient and cleaner method of nanofiltration is applied to concentrate the rutin from the model plant extract. Experiments were performed on a polyamide nanofiltration membrane with a molecular weight cut‐off of 150 Da at different operating conditions. Experimental results were fitted in a three‐parameter Spiegler–Kedem model to determine the transport parameters of the membrane for rutin. The values of transport parameters were also successfully validated using the experimental results. Experimental results and model predictions were then used to analyze the effects of different operating parameters. A scale‐up setup has been designed and simulated to check the feasibility of the process at the commercial level.
Household Income, Portfolio Choice, and Heterogeneous Consumption Responses to Monetary Policy Shocks
Authors: NAKAMURA FUMITAKA 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper quantifies the roles played by income‐level heterogeneity in the response of consumption to monetary policy shocks using U.S. household data. We show empirically that the response of consumption to expansionary monetary policy shocks is larger for high‐income households than for low‐income households. Empirical facts related to household characteristics suggest two channels: the presence of illiquid assets and heterogeneity in government transfers. Motivated by these empirical findings, we develop a model that incorporates illiquid assets and heterogeneity in government transfers to quantify the importance. Simulations based on the model indicate that the presence of illiquid assets, whose return increases in response to expansionary monetary shocks, is essential for explaining the heterogeneous consumption response.
Assessing impaired gastric accommodation in children with functional constipation using the water load test
Authors: de Morais Mauro Batista , Boilesen Sabine N. , Dias Francine C. , Tahan Soraia , Melli Lígia C. F. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate gastric accommodation in pediatric patients with functional constipation using the water load test.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional case–control study. Herein, the water load test results of children aged >4 years with functional constipation referred to a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic (functional constipation group) were compared with those of a control group (without functional constipation or chronic abdominal pain) recruited from two public schools. Clinical manifestations outlined in the Rome IV criteria were used to diagnose functional constipation. Water load tests were performed after 3 h of fasting. For the test, the participants were asked to drink as much water as possible in 3 min.Key ResultsA total of 36 patients and 77 students were included in the functional constipation and control groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in age between the groups (8.6 ± 2.3 years and 8.8 ± 1.8 years in the functional constipation and control groups, respectively). The water load test showed intake volumes of 390 ± 245 mL and 528 ± 219 mL in the functional constipation and control groups, respectively (p = 0.001). The maximum volume in the water load test correlated with the 24 h daily intake of energy (rS = +0.42, p = 0.012), protein (rS = +0.48, p = 0.004), and water (rS = +0.39, p = 0.020) only in the group with functional constipation.Conclusions & InferencesAccording to the water load test, gastric accommodation was impaired in children with severe functional constipation. The impairment of gastric accommodation in children with severe functional constipation is related to food intake.
Do we perceive sensations inside and outside of our body differently? Perceptual, emotional, and behavioral differences between visceral and somatic sensation, discomfort, and pain
Authors: Guadagnoli Livia , Hoffert Yannick , Den Hond Sofie , Dreesen Erwin , van Ryckeghem Dimitri , Van Damme Stefaan , Zaman Jonas , Van Oudenhove Lukas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundExperimental research evaluating differences between the visceral and somatic stimulation is limited to pain and typically uses different induction methods for visceral and somatic stimulation (e.g., rectal balloon distention vs. tactile hand stimulation). Our study aimed to compare differences in response time, intensity, unpleasantness, and threat between identical electrical visceral and somatic stimulations at both painful and non‐painful perceptual thresholds.MethodsElectrical stimulation was applied to the wrist and distal esophagus in 20 healthy participants. A double pseudorandom staircase determined perceptual thresholds of Sensation, Discomfort, and Pain for the somatic and visceral stimulations, separately. Stimulus reaction time (ms, via button press), and intensity, unpleasantness, and threat ratings were recorded after each stimulus. General linear mixed models compared differences in the four outcomes by stimulation type, threshold, and the stimulation type‐by‐threshold interaction. Sigmoidal maximum effect models evaluated differences in outcomes across all delivered stimulation intensities.Key ResultsOverall, visceral stimulations were perceived as more intense, threatening, and unpleasant compared to somatic stimulations, but participants responded faster to somatic stimulations. There was no significant interaction effect, but planned contrasts demonstrated differences at individual thresholds. Across all delivered intensities, higher intensity stimulations were needed to reach the half‐maximum effect of self‐reported intensity, unpleasantness, and threat ratings in the visceral domain.Conclusions and InferencesDifferences exist between modalities for both non‐painful and painful sensations. These findings may have implications for translating paradigms and behavioral treatments from the somatic domain to the visceral domain, though future research in larger clinical samples is needed.
The impact of lung transplantation on esophageal motility and inter‐relationships with reflux and lung mechanics in patients with restrictive and obstructive respiratory disease
Authors: Alghubari Ali , Cheah Ramsah , Z. Shah Sadia , Naser Abdel‐Rahman N. , Lee Augustine S. , DeVault Kenneth R. , Houghton Lesley A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor many patients with lung disease the only proven intervention to improve survival and quality of life is lung transplantation (LTx). Esophageal dysmotility and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are common in patients with respiratory disease, and often associate with worse prognosis following LTx. Which, if any patients, should be excluded from LTx based on esophageal concerns remains unclear. Our aim was to understand the effect of LTx on esophageal motility diagnosis and examine how this and the other physiological and mechanical factors relate to GER and clearance of boluses swallowed.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 62 patients with restrictive (RLD) and obstructive (OLD) lung disease (aged 33–75 years; 42 men) who underwent high resolution impedance manometry and 24‐h pH‐impedance before and after LTx.Key ResultsRLD patients with normal motility were more likely to remain normal (p = 0.02), or if having abnormal motility to change to normal (p = 0.07) post‐LTx than OLD patients. Esophageal length (EL) was greater in OLD than RLD patients' pre‐LTx (p < 0.001), reducing only in OLD patients' post‐LTx (p = 0.02). Reduced EL post‐LTx associated with greater contractile reserve (r = 0.735; p = 0.01) and increased likelihood of motility normalization (p = 0.10). Clearance of reflux improved (p = 0.01) and associated with increased mean nocturnal baseline impedance (p < 0.001) in RLD but not OLD. Peristaltic breaks and thoraco‐abdominal pressure gradient impact both esophageal clearance of reflux and boluses swallowed (p < 0.05).Conclusions and InferencesRLD patients are more likely to show improvement in esophageal motility than OLD patients post‐LTx. However, the effect on GER is more difficult to predict and requires other GI, anatomical and pulmonary factors to be taken into consideration.
Diverse INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE mutant alleles of Physcomitrium patens offer new insight into complex sphingolipid metabolism
Authors: Haslam Tegan M. , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Sphingolipids are widespread, abundant, and essential lipids in plants and in other eukaryotes. Glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) are the most abundant class of plant sphingolipids, and are enriched in the plasma membrane of plant cells. They have been difficult to study due to lethal or pleiotropic mutant phenotypes.

To overcome this, we developed a CRISPR/Cas9‐based method for generating multiple and varied knockdown and knockout populations of mutants in a given gene of interest in the model moss Physcomitrium patens. This system is uniquely convenient due to the predominantly haploid state of the Physcomitrium life cycle, and totipotency of Physcomitrium protoplasts used for transformation.

We used this approach to target the INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE SYNTHASE (IPCS) gene family, which catalyzes the first, committed step in the synthesis of GIPCs. We isolated knockout single mutants and knockdown higher‐order mutants showing a spectrum of deficiencies in GIPC content. Remarkably, we also identified two mutant alleles accumulating inositol phosphorylceramides, the direct products of IPCS activity, and provide our best explanation for this unexpected phenotype.

Our approach is broadly applicable for studying essential genes and gene families, and for obtaining unusual lesions within a gene of interest.
Balancing Study and Work: Heterogeneous Impact of the Bologna Reform on the Labour Market
Authors: Avdeev Stanislav 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Bologna reform, the largest European education reform, was implemented in Russia in 2011. The reform shortened the duration of some undergraduate programmes by 1 year and compressed their curricula. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, I find that the reform had no short‐ or medium‐term adverse effects on employment. However, I find that null average effects on wages mask considerable heterogeneity. I find that female students with high relative returns worked less during their studies, invested in their human capital, and secured stable wages. In contrast, male students with low relative returns underinvested in human capital and experienced a decline in wages.
Transcriptomic investigation unveils the role of energy metabolism under low phosphorus and salt combined stress in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Zhou Xiuwen , Yao Xingdong , He Dexin , Sun Hexiang , Xie Futi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is economically significant, but the mechanisms underlying its adaptation to simultaneous low phosphorus and salt stresses are unclear. We employed the Shennong 94–1‐8 soybean germplasm to conduct a comprehensive analysis, integrating both physiochemical and transcriptomic approaches, to unravel the response mechanisms of soybean when subjected to simultaneous low phosphorus and salt stresses. Remarkably, the combined stress exhibited the most pronounced impact on the soybean root system, which led to a substantial reduction in total soluble sugar (TSS) and total soluble protein (TSP) within the plants under this treatment. A total of 20,953 differentially expressed genes were identified through pairwise comparisons. Heatmap analysis of genes related to energy metabolism pathways demonstrated a significant down‐regulation in expression under salt and low phosphorus + salt treatments, while low phosphorus treatment did not exhibit similar expression trends. Furthermore, the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that the blue module had a strong positive correlation with TSS and TSP. Notably, 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate‐dependent phosphoglycerate mutase 1, FCS‐Like Zinc finger 8, auxin response factor 18 isoform X2, and NADP‐dependent malic enzyme emerged as hub genes associated with energy metabolism. In summary, our findings indicate that soybean roots are more adversely affected by salt and combined stress than by low phosphorus alone due to reduced activity in energy metabolism‐related pathways and hub genes. These results offer novel insights into the adaptive mechanisms of soybeans when facing the combined stress of low phosphorus and salinity.
Evaluation of new haematology analyser, XN‐31, for malaria detection in blood donors: A single‐centre study from India
Authors: Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Goel Shalini , Singh Ganesh , Gahlot Pawan Kumar , Saxena Renu , Jadhav Vaibhav , Sethi Monisha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMalaria continues to be a significant public health concern in India, with several regions experiencing endemicity and sporadic outbreaks. The prevalence of malaria in blood donors, in India, varies between 0.02% and 0.07%. Common techniques to screen for malaria, in blood donors and patients, include microscopic smear examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on antigen detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new fully automated analyser, XN‐31, for malaria detection, as compared with current practice of using RDT.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional analytical study was conducted to evaluate clinical sensitivity and specificity of new automated analyser XN‐31 among blood donors' samples and clinical samples (patients with suspicion of malaria) from outpatient clinic collected over between July 2021 and October 2022. No additional sample was drawn from blood donor or patient. All blood donors and patients' samples were processed by malaria rapid diagnostic test, thick‐smear microscopy (MIC) and the haematology analyser XN‐31. Any donor blood unit incriminated for malaria was discarded. Laboratory diagnosis using MIC was considered the ‘gold standard’ in the present study. Clinical sensitivity and specificity of XN‐31 were compared with the gold standard.ResultsFife thousand and five donor samples and 82 diagnostic samples were evaluated. While the clinical sensitivity and specificity for donor samples were 100%, they were 72.7% and 100% for diagnostic samples.ConclusionAutomated haematology analysers represent a promising solution, as they can deliver speedy and sensitive donor malaria screening assessments. This method also has the potential to be used for pre‐transfusion malaria screening along with haemoglobin estimation.
In vitro
development of resistance against antipseudomonal agents: comparison of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and other β-lactam agents
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Kimbrough John H. , Lindley Jill , Doyle Timothy B. , Ewald Jessica M. , Sader Helio S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We subjected seven
P
.
aeruginosa
isolates to a 10-day serial passaging against five antipseudomonal agents to evaluate resistance levels post-exposure and putative resistance mechanisms in terminal mutants were analyzed by whole-genome sequencing analysis. Meropenem (mean, 38-fold increase), cefepime (14.4-fold), and piperacillin-tazobactam (52.9-fold) terminal mutants displayed high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to those obtained after exposure to ceftolozane-tazobactam (11.4-fold) and ceftazidime-avibactam (5.7-fold). Fewer isolates developed elevated MIC values for other β-lactams and agents belonging to other classes when exposed to meropenem in comparison to other agents. Alterations in
nalC
and
nalD,
involved in the upregulation of the efflux pump system MexAB-OprM, were common and observed more frequently in isolates exposed to ceftazidime-avibactam and meropenem. These alterations, along with ones in
mexR
and
amrR,
provided resistance to most β-lactams and levofloxacin but not imipenem. The second most common gene altered was
mpl,
which is involved in the recycling of the cell wall peptidoglycan. These alterations were mainly noted in isolates exposed to ceftolozane-tazobactam and piperacillin-tazobactam but also in one cefepime-exposed isolate. Alterations in other genes known to be involved in β-lactam resistance (
ftsI
,
oprD
,
phoP, pepA,
and
cplA
) and multiple genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were also present. The data generated here suggest that there is a difference in the mechanisms selected for high-level resistance between newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and older agents. Nevertheless, the isolates exposed to all agents displayed elevated MIC values for other β-lactams (except imipenem) and quinolones tested mainly due to alterations in the MexAB-OprM regulators that extrude these agents.