bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waiting Times and Influencing Factors in Children and Adults Undergoing Assessment for Autism, ADHD, and Other Neurodevelopmental Differences
Authors: Maciver Donald , Roy Anusua Singh , Johnston Lorna , Boilson Marie , Curnow Eleanor , Johnstone‐Cooke Victoria , Rutherford Marion 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explored waiting times and the factors influencing them in child and adult populations undergoing assessment for autism, ADHD, and other neurodevelopmental differences. The analysis focused on a retrospective review of 408 cases with assessments completed between October 2021 and May 2022, conducted by 30 diagnosing teams in Scotland. Data included age, final diagnosis, demographics, medical and developmental history, contact frequency, and assessment service adherence to best‐practice standards. Waiting times were calculated, and relationships were analyzed using linear regression. Median waiting times were 525 days (IQR 329–857) for children/adolescents and 252 days (IQR 106–611) for adults. Only 20% of children's and 47% of adult assessments met the proposed 252‐day diagnostic time target. Autism and ADHD were the most common diagnoses. Receiving > 1 neurodevelopmental diagnosis on completion was uncommon. Demographic factors did not significantly affect waiting times. Children/adolescents with more complex developmental and medical histories experienced longer waits (100.3 weeks vs. 67.7 weeks; p < 0.001), while adults with similar histories had shorter waits (32.7 weeks vs. 57.4 weeks; p = 0.016). Adults with ADHD experienced longer waits than autistic adults (63.4 weeks vs. 38.6 weeks, p = 0.002). Adherence to best‐practice quality standards was associated with shorter waits for children (β = 0.27, p = 0.002), but the relationship between standard adherence at different stages and for adults was less clear. More frequent appointments correlated with shorter adult waits (33.7 weeks vs. 59.2 weeks, p = 0.015). Gender distribution was balanced among adults, but children's services included more boys. The study highlights long waits and the need for improvement in processes.
Herpes Zoster Oticus With Facial Palsy and Hearing Loss: A Case Report of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome in an Older Patient
Authors: Kakeeto James , Atukunda Ronaldine Anne , Asio Priscilah , Pitua Ivaan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRamsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is a rare complication of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, typically presenting with a combination of painful vesicular lesions in the ear, facial nerve palsy, and hearing loss. Early diagnosis and antiviral therapy are critical in minimizing long‐term sequelae, such as persistent facial weakness and hearing impairment. This case highlights the importance of prompt recognition and treatment in older patients, particularly those with pre‐existing hearing difficulties. An 87‐year‐old female presented with a 2‐week history of painful, blister‐like lesions on the right ear and lips, associated with a burning sensation. Over several days, the lesions progressed to visible wounds. The patient also reported increasing weakness, difficulty eating, and worsening hearing impairment. Physical examination revealed vesicular lesions on the right pinna and lips, along with right‐sided facial weakness (House‐Brackmann Grade IV) and slight ipsilateral lagophthalmos with mild conjunctival erythema. No new vesicles or generalized rash were observed. The patient's medical history included hypertension and long‐standing bilateral hearing difficulty. Ramsay Hunt syndrome was diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms of painful vesicular lesions, facial nerve palsy, and hearing loss. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir, dexamethasone, and supportive care. Significant improvement was noted by Day 7, with reduced pain, partial recovery of facial function, and improvement in hearing. By Day 14, all lesions had healed, and facial symmetry was restored. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and intervention in improving clinical outcomes in older patients with RHS.
Ectopic Pregnancy After In Vitro Fertilization With Donor Eggs in a 54‐Year‐Old Woman; Bad News After Wishful Thinking for the Last Chance of Pregnancy
Authors: Stavros Sofoklis , Potiris Anastasios , Kozonis Alexios , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Gerede Angeliki , Lazari Paraskevi , Karampitsakos Theodoros , Skentou Charikleia , Domali Ekaterini , Drakakis Peter 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis case presents a rare form of an ectopic pregnancy after retrograde migration of the transferred blastocyst to the fallopian tube. The presence of hydrosalpinx and extremely advanced maternal age further increases the risk. This case highlights the possibility of blastocyst migration even after ultrasound guidance during embryo transfer.
Direct Decarboxylative Phosphorylation of α‐Amino Acids via Continous‐Flow Electrochemistry
Authors: Li Zhao‐Yu , Chen Na , Xu Hai‐Chao 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryHerein we present a novel electrochemical method for the direct decarboxylative phosphorylation of α‐amino acids to α‐amino phosphonates, a key structural element in various biologically active compounds. This method bypasses the need for strong chemical oxidants and 2‐step processes involving preliminary conversions, making it a more straightforward synthetic tool. Key to the success of the method is to establish a microenvironment on the anode surface in an acidic solution to facilitate selective anodic decarboxylation and subsequent C–P formation. The electrosynthetic process in continuous flow ensures benign conditions and excellent scalability through continuous production with parallel reactors.
CCL2/C–C chemokine receptor type 2‐mediated interactions among mast cells, basophils, and endothelial cells
Authors: Rihar Maruša , Bahri Rajia , Forstnerič Vida , Bulfone‐Paus Silvia , Korošec Peter 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundIL‐33 is involved in allergic processes by promoting the release of various mast cell (MC) chemokines, including CCL2. However, it is yet unclear which specific cell type is primarily responsible for producing CCL2 during acute allergic reactions. This study aims to investigate the role of IL‐33 in promoting CCL2 production in mast cells and assess the effect of MC‐derived CCL2 on basophil migration and endothelial permeability.MethodsHuman blood‐derived MCs (hMCs) were generated from peripheral blood precursors, passively sensitized with IgE, treated with IL‐33, and stimulated with anti‐IgE. The concentrations of nine cytokines known to influence immune cell chemotaxis (CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, MIP‐1α, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐13, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed in the supernatants of hMCs. Subsequently, we investigated the impact of MC‐derived CCL2 on basophil migration in vitro, as well as its effect on endothelial monolayer permeability using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).ResultsStimulation with anti‐IgE induced a significant release of CCL2, GM‐CSF, IL‐8 and VEGF from hMCs. Additionally, incubation with IL‐33 overnight increased the production of several cytokines. Mast cell‐derived CCL2 not only enhanced basophil migration in vitro but also increased endothelial monolayer permeability in HUVECs. The effect was reversed by a C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) antagonist, indicating the involvement of CCL2 signaling through the CCR2 receptor.ConclusionsIL‐33 induces the production of chemotactic cytokines in hMCs. Mast cell‐derived CCL2 plays an important role in basophil chemotaxis in vitro and affects endothelial monolayer permeability in the HUVEC model.
Ginsenoside CK Promotes Cell Apoptosis via Regulating P53 Signal Pathway in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Xinze , Feng Lin , Jin Xin , Sun Kaijing , Sun Ying , Wu Xinmin , Xia Mingjie , Tan Renbo , Yang Hongmei , Li Guangzhe , Wu Wei , Zu Shuang , Li Anning , Chen Changbao , Wan Xilin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Ginsenosides have been shown to have strong antitumor activity, inhibiting tumor cell growth and promoting apoptosis. In this paper, the effects of ginsenoside CK on the proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC 95D and NCI‐H460 cells were investigated by CCK8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, fluorescence staining assay, and Western Blot, and it was found that ginsenoside CK could significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation of non‐small cell lung cancer, and it was also clarified that the mechanism of its action was realized by the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. It provides new therapeutic ideas for lung cancer and other major tumor diseases.
Toward a Specific and Descriptive Definition of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Proposal for Updated Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Zickgraf Hana F. , Cares Samuel R. , Schwartz Rachel A. , Breiner Courtney E. , Stettler Nicole M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) have been the source of confusion since its introduction to the DSM in 2013. In the current state, ARFID is diagnosed based on impairment, with no requirement that a specific pattern of behavioral or cognitive/affective symptoms be present. In this paper, we make the case for more positive etiologically based criteria for ARFID wherein Criterion A defines the psychopathology of ARFID. We propose a framework for DSM criteria involving food avoidance that is maintained by beliefs/hedonic reactions that are temporally close to and realistically/functionally associated with a specific food or eating occasion, characterized by one or more of the following expected aversive responses: disgust/distaste, anhedonia/uncomfortable fullness, and acute fear/panic. Our proposed Criterion B retains the four manifestations of impairment in the current definition as necessary, but not sufficient, for the ARFID diagnosis. When both Criteria A and B are met, our revised Criteria D (ARFID vs. other restrictive eating disorders) and E (ARFID vs. other medical/psychiatric conditions) state that ARFID should be diagnosed regardless of co‐occurring/comorbid conditions. We discuss how this positive definition of ARFID would impact clinical diagnosis and subsequent treatment, with specific considerations for differential diagnosis between ARFID and other eating disorders, other forms of psychopathology, and relevant medical conditions. Additionally, we discuss how it might enhance research opportunities by providing increasingly homogeneous samples through which researchers could better understand the etiological mechanisms of ARFID.
Anamorelin Efficacy in Non–Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Patients With Cachexia: Insights From ROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2
Authors: Laird Barry J. A. , Skipworth Richard , Bonomi Philip D. , Fallon Marie , Kaasa Stein , Giorgino Ruben , McMillan Donald C. , Currow David C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer cachexia presents a significant challenge, but the ghrelin agonist anamorelin shows promise as a potential treatment. This study examined whether the baseline systemic inflammatory response (SIR) (measured by the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score [mGPS]), low BMI or greater weight loss, was associated with a differential treatment effect of anamorelin in people with cachexia and non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsROMANA 1 and ROMANA 2 were double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised Phase 3 trials that enrolled people with inoperable stage III/IV NSCLC with cachexia (≥ 5% weight loss within 6 months or body mass index [BMI] < 20 kg/m2). Patients were randomised 2:1 to anamorelin 100 mg once daily or placebo, for 12 weeks. This is a post hoc analysis of efficacy endpoints (body weight and body composition: lean body mass [LBM] and fat mass [FM]), stratified by baseline mGPS, BMI and weight loss and measured in the modified intent‐to‐treat pooled population.ResultsSeven hundred ninety‐five patients had available data. Anamorelin improved body weight (p < 0.001) and body composition parameters (LBM and FM, p < 0.01) in all mGPS groups. In patients with mGPS = 2, anamorelin increased weight > 5% and improved hand grip strength (HGS) and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Anorexia/Cachexia Subscale (FAACT A/CS). In patients with BMI < 20 kg/m2 at baseline or weight loss ≥ 10% in the prior 6 months, anamorelin led to significant increases in body weight from baseline (p < 0.001) versus placebo. Patients with weight loss ≥ 10% in the prior 6 months showed the highest improvements in LBM (p < 0.001). Patients with BMI < 20 kg/m2 at baseline showed the highest improvements in FM (p < 0.001).ConclusionAnamorelin improved body composition parameters in all patients, as well as physical function and symptom burden, particularly in patients with systemic inflammation, BMI < 20 kg/m2 and weight loss ≥ 10%. These results highlight that the anabolic mechanisms of anamorelin are more effective in high‐risk groups.Trial RegistrationNCT identifiers: ROMANA 1: NCT01387269; ROMANA 2: NCT01387282.
Evaluation of New‐Modelled Recombinant Human Insulin (rh‐Insulin) Analog Expressed in E. coli Using Radioiodination Technique Followed by In Vivo Biodistribution in Diabetes‐Induced Mice
Authors: Abdelaziz Gamal , Abdelghany Ibrahim Y. , Mostafa Nasser F. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiologists have significantly improved various techniques for confirming the physiological and pharmacological activity of new proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology, such as Western blotting, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Although these methods are costly and comparatively low in efficiency, our study focuses on developing a real‐time approach to investigate the physiological activity of our new recombinant human insulin (rh‐Insulin), which is expressed in Escherichia coli. An in vivo biodistribution study of radioiodinated rh‐Insulin (125I‐rh‐Insulin) was conducted in diabetic‐induced mice, exploiting the capability of tyrosine residues in protein molecules to undergo electrophilic substitution of hydrogen atoms with traceable 125I atoms. We studied many factors to optimize the conditions for the iodination reaction, including the amount of substrate, the amount of chloramine‐T, pH, temperature, and reaction time. A high radiochemical yield of 99.01 ± 0.2% was achieved. The in vivo step involved the administration of 125I‐rh‐Insulin intravenously (I.V.) in previously induced diabetic mice to study the pharmacokinetics of the new insulin analog. Results show a homogeneous distribution of insulin molecules throughout the body organs, correlating with organ mass, size, and functionality, with no accumulation in distinct organs. The clearance of insulin from the body occurs via both renal and hepatic routes due to the aqueous nature of insulin. Additionally, a parallel experiment was conducted on diabetic mice using only rh‐Insulin, resulting in a significant reduction in glucose levels in the mice's blood, thereby exploring the physiological activity of insulin and confirming the ability of our new construct to lower blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. Consequently, this method appears to be much more rapid and effective for the evaluation of biological molecules in vivo using radioactive tracing techniques.
Current Advances in PARP1‐Targeted Theranostics
Authors: Tong Jie , Chen Baosheng , Volpi Tommaso , Li Yawen , Ellison Paul A. , Cai Zhengxin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPoly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays critical roles in DNA repair, chromatin regulation, and cellular equilibrium, positioning it as a pivotal target for therapeutic interventions in cancer and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. PARP1 responds to oxidative stress and DNA damage through PARylation, influencing energy depletion, survival, inflammation, and genomic regulation in many biological scenarios. PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have demonstrated efficacy against cancers harboring defective homologous recombination repair pathways, notably those linked to BRCA mutations. PARP1‐targeted PET imaging enables patient stratification, treatment assessment, and PARPi pharmacodynamic evaluation in cancers and other pathophysiological conditions. Importantly, PARP1‐targeted theranostics have emerged for both diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications in multiple types of cancers, representing a pivotal advancement in personalized oncology. However, its application in brain tumors is limited by the heterogeneous integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and the blood‐tumor barrier. Thus, the development of BBB‐penetrant PARP1 tracers remains an unmet need for imaging brain cancers. This review summarizes the current landscape of radiopharmaceuticals and radioligands targeting PARP1, detailing their pharmacological characteristics and potential clinical uses. Furthermore, this review discusses PARP1 tracers that can cross the BBB, underscoring their potential applications in neurooncology and other neurological disorders.
The Products of the Process: Toward Exploring and Expanding the Benefits of Being Creative
Authors: Kaufman James C. , Glăveanu Vlad P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe traditionally studied positive outcomes of creativity tend to be product‐focused, such as Big‐C contributions, good grades, or strong work performance. This paper makes an argument for the importance of less‐discussed products of the process—the benefits that arise from being creative, regardless of one's abilities or level of achievement. These positive outcomes are more tied to such meaning‐related concepts as self‐understanding, feeling one's life is significant and worth living, and gaining both short‐term and long‐term purposes. In highlighting these potential consequences of being creative, we get to question clear separations between processes and products in the field of creativity studies and show that engaging in the creative process itself “produces” experiences that are less tangible or even noticeable but by no means unimportant.
Quantifying potassium bromate in flour using a phase‐transfer headspace strategy
Authors: Gong Yi‐Xian , Xie Wei‐Qi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study introduces a phase‐transfer headspace strategy to establish an efficient and innovative method for quantifying potassium bromate in flour. The method involves detecting carbon dioxide produced from the gas‐producing reaction of potassium bromate in flour with oxalate. The carbon dioxide produced is quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) in a sealed vial.RESULTSThe study showed that the new technique was very precise (relative standard deviation ≤3.18%) and accurate (relative differences ≤5.37%) for potassium bromate quantification, with low detection limits (limit of detection = 1.83 mg kg−1) and good recovery rates (98.07% to 102.37%).CONCLUSIONThe proposed phase‐transfer headspace strategy offers a fast and simple method for the regular estimation of potassium bromate in flour, providing a valuable tool to ensure the safety and effectiveness of flour‐related products. It can be implemented in a wide variety of contexts from manufacturing to quality control. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multiple Solutions for a Variable‐Order p(x,·)$$ p\left(x,\cdotp \right) $$‐Kirchhoff‐Type Problem With Weight
Authors: Azroul E. , Kamali N. , Shimi M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we establish the existence of three weak solutions for a Kirchhoff‐type problem with weight that involves the variable‐order ‐Laplacian operator. We introduce a suitable functional framework for addressing such problems and establish a fundamental continuous and compact embedding theorem of this framework. Using Ricceri's three critical point approach, we prove the existence of weak solutions in the context of weighted variable‐order Sobolev spaces with variable exponents.
Global Existence and Blow‐Up Phenomenon of Solution for a Viscoelastic Wave Equation With Nonlinear Degenerate Damping and Logarithmic Source Term
Authors: Wang Shubin , Du Zijian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the initial boundary value problem for degenerate damped nonlinear wave equations with logarithmic nonlinearity, given by the equation: in a bounded region with the smooth boundary . We prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution through a combination of constructing an auxiliary problem, employing the Faedo–Galerkin method, and applying the contraction mapping principle under suitable conditions. Subsequently, we establish the existence of a global solution and derive the finite‐time blow‐up results for cases with negative initial energy. Moreover, we propose new conditions for the global solution and demonstrate that the weak solution will blow up in finite time when the initial energy is positive, by considering potential well theory and constructing Lyapunov functions.
Reconstructing Cranial Modification Practices: Methods, Motivations, and Evolution of Occipital Modification in Prehistoric China
Authors: Ran Zhiyu , Zhang Chi , Wang Tao , He Jianing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOccipital modification, the predominant form of cranial artificial modification in Prehistoric China, is characterized by its extensive and dense distribution, a rarity globally. This study aims to reconstruct the methods, processes, and motivations underlying occipital modification, investigating its inception, evolution, and eventual cessation in Prehistoric China. Morphological observations were conducted on over 800 individuals from representative sites like Baligang and Chuwan of the Yangshao culture, with 265 well‐preserved skulls subjected to three‐dimensional scanning, modeling, and measurement, segmented into BLG‐E, BLG‐M, and CW groups for detailed analysis. Observations and measurements revealed significant differences in occipital modification among the groups: the BLG‐E group displayed a high modification rate, featuring severe modification with a near‐perpendicular tilt angle and random lateral asymmetry; the BLG‐M group exhibited reduced modification rate and severity, with lateral asymmetry akin to BLG‐E but more variable tilt angles; and the CW group showed moderate occipital modification with variable tilt angles, though with greater central symmetry. Two distinct practices were identified: “primary utilitarian modification,” likely an expedient measure for infant care during early agricultural development, and “standardized symmetrical modification,” reflecting aesthetic preferences during a more mature agricultural stage. Following the transition from utilitarian to aesthetic purposes, the occipital modification disappeared in the Final Neolithic period, during the Longshan culture stage, possibly because of the emergence of new, complex hairstyle trends.