bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buckminsterfullerene cations: New dimensions in gas‐phase ion chemistry
Authors: Bohme Diethard K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe author provides a brief overview, and shares the extraordinary excitement, of the years of unprecedented discoveries in ion chemistry that followed the first production of fullerene powder in 1990. Various charge states of the buckminsterfullerene cation became available by conventional electron‐impact ionization of the vapor of this powder and so for mass‐spectrometric measurements of ion reactivity. The emphasis here will be on fullerene‐ion research performed in the author's own laboratory at York University using electron ionization flow‐tube mass spectrometry techniques. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:672–693, 2009
SEMAC: Slice encoding for metal artifact correction in MRI
Authors: Lu Wenmiao , Pauly Kim Butts , Gold Garry E. , Pauly John M. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) near metallic implants remains an unmet need because of severe artifacts, which mainly stem from large metal‐induced field inhomogeneities. This work addresses MRI near metallic implants with an innovative imaging technique called “Slice Encoding for Metal Artifact Correction” (SEMAC). The SEMAC technique corrects metal artifacts via robust encoding of each excited slice against metal‐induced field inhomogeneities. The robust slice encoding is achieved by extending a view‐angle‐tilting (VAT) spin‐echo sequence with additional z‐phase encoding. Although the VAT compensation gradient suppresses most in‐plane distortions, the z‐phase encoding fully resolves distorted excitation profiles that cause through‐plane distortions. By positioning all spins in a region‐of‐interest to their actual spatial locations, the through‐plane distortions can be corrected by summing up the resolved spins in each voxel. The SEMAC technique does not require additional hardware and can be deployed to the large installed base of whole‐body MRI systems. The efficacy of the SEMAC technique in eliminating metal‐induced distortions with feasible scan times is validated in phantom and in vivo spine and knee studies. Magn Reson Med 62:66–76, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations in bladder function associated with urothelial defects in uroplakin II and IIIa knockout mice
Authors: Aboushwareb Tamer , Zhou Ge , Deng Fang‐Ming , Turner Chanda , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Tar Moses , Zhao Weixin , Melman Arnold , D'Agostino Ralph , Sun Tung‐Tien , Christ George J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsThe effects of deleting genes encoding uroplakins II (UPII) and III (UPIIIa) on mouse bladder physiology/dysfunction were studied in male and female wild type and knockout (KO) mice.MethodsUPII, UPIIIa, and WT mice were catheterized using previously described techniques. Continuous cystometry was conducted in conscious, freely moving animals. Bladder strips were harvested after animal sacrifice and pharmacological studies and EFS were conducted in an organ chamber. Histological studies were also carried on with H&E staining to identify differences among the three mouse types.ResultsThese studies have revealed numerous alterations, some of which were apparently gender‐specific. Nonvoiding contractions were common in both UPII and UPIIIa KO mice, although more severe in the former. In particular, the increased bladder capacity, micturition pressure and demonstrable nonvoiding contractions observed in the male UPII KO's, were reminiscent of an obstruction‐like syndrome accompanied by evidence of emerging bladder decompensation, as reflected by an increased residual volume. Pharmacological studies revealed a modest, gender‐specific reduction in sensitivity of isolated detrusor strips from UPII KO female mice to carbachol‐induced contractions. A similar reduction was observed in UPIIIa KO female mice. Histological investigation showed urothelial hyperplasia in both UPII KO and UPIIIa KO mice, although again, apparently more severe in the former.ConclusionsThese results confirm and extend previous work to indicate that urothelial defects due to uroplakin deficiency are associated with significant alterations in bladder function and further highlight the importance of the urothelium to bladder physiology/dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:1028–1033, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solving high‐order linear differential equations by a Legendre matrix method based on hybrid Legendre and Taylor polynomials
Authors: Sezer Mehmet , Gülsu Mustafa 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA numerical method for solving the high‐order linear differential equations with variable coefficients under the mixed conditions is presented. The method is based on the hybrid Legendre and Taylor polynomials. The solution is obtained in terms of Legendre polynomials. Comparison of the present solution is made with the existing solution and excellent agreement is noted. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Toward an understanding of thrift store donors
Authors: Mitchell Mark , Montgomery Robert , Rauch Dennis 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

An increasing number of service organizations are developing thrift stores (or, second hand stores, charity shops) to raise resources to support their mission‐directed activities. Such stores seek donated merchandize…sell it …and use the proceeds to support their service efforts. The purpose of the study is to examine the processes by which thrift store donors: (a) determine that donation of pre‐owned merchandize is desirable, (b) get information about competing donation outlets, and (c) select which organization(s) are appropriate for their particular merchandize donation. A web survey was administered to assess these processes. The results will allow organizations to critically evaluate their existing thrift store practices against donor preferences in the interest of continuous improvement.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presidential address: From the Great Society to continuous improvement government: Shifting from “does it work?” to “what would make it better?”
Authors: Besharov Douglas J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the 1960s, various social programs were started (like Head Start) or dramatically expanded (like AFDC). Loosely, this period of expansion is called the Great Society. Too many Great Society social programs, unfortunately, have been disappointments—at least when compared to the high hopes of the '60s. Even if they “work,” most of us wish that they worked much better. Some people take such statements to mean that the Great Society's social programs should be defunded. Most Great Society programs, however, are surely here to stay, for they serve important social functions. How many of us really think there could be an America without a social safety net? It is now time to do the difficult and unglamorous work of systematic program improvement. Instead of testing program efficacy over and over again, we should engage in ongoing and evidence‐based efforts to increase program effectiveness (in both large and small ways). © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Designing state aid formulas
Authors: Zhao Bo , Bradbury Katharine 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper designs a new equalization‐aid formula based on fiscal gaps of local communities. When states are in transition to a new local aid formula, the issue of whether and how to hold existing aid harmless poses a challenge. The authors show that some previous studies and the formulas derived from them give differential weights to existing and new aid in filling the gap and hence effectively treat communities receiving greater amounts of existing aid more favorably than communities receiving less or no existing aid. As a fairer alternative, the authors propose a new approach that considers existing and new aid as completely equivalent in filling the gap by focusing on the equalizing impact of combined (new and existing) aid. In addition, unlike most previous research that focuses only on a single year's new aid distribution, the authors simulate the dynamics of aid distributions over multiple years using Massachusetts data. They further provide and compare several possible methods by which state policymakers could direct extra aid dollars to communities with larger unfilled gaps in dollar terms. Although the proposed aid formula is designed for municipal aid and tailored to Massachusetts, the authors note that foundation aid formulas for education implicitly treat existing aid in the same way and suggest that the framework, principles, and policy recommendations might also be applicable to other states. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
No renters in my suburban backyard: Land use regulation and rental housing
Authors: Schuetz Jenny 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAcademics and policymakers have argued that the ability of low‐ and moderate‐income families to move into desirable suburban areas is constrained by the high cost of housing. Local zoning and other forms of land use regulation are believed to contribute to increased housing prices by reducing supply and increasing the size of new housing. Suburban restrictions on rental housing are particularly likely to reduce mobility for low‐income families. In this paper, I employ an instrumental variables approach to examine the effects of zoning on the quantity and price of rental housing in Massachusetts, using historical municipal characteristics to instrument for current regulations. Results suggest that communities with more restrictive zoning issue significantly fewer building permits for multifamily housing but provide only weak evidence of the effects of regulations on rents. The lack of effects on rents may reflect the low level of multifamily development, while analysis is complicated by development of subsidized housing under the state's affordable housing law. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Obestatin in human neuroendocrine tissues and tumours: expression and effect on tumour growth
Authors: Volante Marco , Rosas Rosj , Ceppi Paolo , Rapa Ida , Cassoni Paola , Wiedenmann Bertram , Settanni Fabio , Granata Riccarda , Papotti Mauro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe hormone obestatin, which is derived from the same precursor as ghrelin and whose receptor(s) is still unrecognized, possesses a variety of metabolic/modulatory functions mostly related to food intake suppression and reduction of gastrointestinal motility. The distribution of obestatin in normal and neoplastic human tissues is poorly understoood. We report that in fetal tissue samples, obestatin peptide was detected in the thyroid, pituitary, lung, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, usually being co‐localized with chromogranin A. In adult tissues, obestatin protein expression was restricted to pituitary, lung, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract and was co‐localized strictly with ghrelin. By contrast, in endocrine tumours obestatin was expressed in a small fraction of thyroid, parathyroid, gastrointestinal and pancreatic neoplasms, in most cases with a focal immunoreactivity and co‐localized with ghrelin. Messenger RNA levels of the specific fragments of ghrelin and obestatin were comparable in both normal and tumour samples, confirming that post‐translational mechanisms rather than alternative splicing events lead to ghrelin/obestatin production. Finally, in TT and BON‐1 cell lines obestatin induced antiproliferative effects at pharmacological doses, opposite to those observed with ghrelin. In summary, our data demonstrate that obestatin is produced by the same endocrine cells that express ghrelin in normal tissues from fetal to adult life, whereas, as compared to ghrelin, in neoplastic conditions it is down‐regulated by post‐translational modulation and shows potential antiproliferative properties in vitro. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment non‐adherence in teenage and young adult cancer patients: a preliminary study of patient perceptions
Authors: Kondryn Helena J. , Edmondson Claire L. , Hill Jonathan W. , Eden Tim O.B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectives: Non‐adherence (NA) by adolescents receiving cancer treatment is believed to be a major problem. However, adequate measures of NA have not been developed. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess the internal reliability of a new scale reflecting low‐risk NA behaviours, (2) examine whether the scores on this scale were associated with high‐risk NA behaviours and (3) assess the relationship between NA behaviours and patient attitudes towards stopping treatment.Methods: Thirty‐three patients (16–24 years) with solid tumours reported on their previous adherence with treatment. Low‐risk NA behaviours were assessed on a 0–40 scale derived from the sum of 10 items. High‐risk NA behaviours and attitudes towards stopping treatment were assessed by questions with yes/no response options.Results: Internal reliability of the low‐risk NA scale was α=0.73. Patients not seeking help for pyrexia had higher total low‐risk NA scores than those who sought help (mean 7.4, SD 5.3 vs mean 3.5, SD 3.6, t=2.1, p=0.03). There was also a trend for individuals who ignored pyrexia to be more likely to have contemplated stopping treatment than those who sought medical assistance (Fisher's Exact=0.09).Conclusions: A scale reflecting low‐risk NA behaviour had good internal reliability and was associated with not seeking help when pyrexic. Ignoring a temperature was also associated with contemplating stopping treatment. We are now conducting a prospective study using the measure to assess validity against a range of information regarding NA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction Study of Brachiopod Shell Calcite – Microscale Phase and Texture Analysis of a Polycrystalline Biomaterial
Authors: Schmahl Wolfgang W. , Griesshaber Erika , Neuser Rolf D. , Goetz Andreas , Lüter Carsten 
Published: March 2009

AbstractElectron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is an easy to use and highly automated microdiffraction method suitable for the determination of crystallographic phase and crystallite orientation. The high level of hierarchical structural organization in the shells of marine organisms was studied. Calcite brachiopod shell materials were found to belong to three types of microstructure: nano‐ to microcrystalline layers of acicular crystals, fiber composites with calcite single crystal fibers with [uv0] morphological axes, and material formed by columnar crystals with [001] morphological axes selected by competitive growth.
Purine‐rich element binding protein (PUR) α induces endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and cell differentiation pathways in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Maeno Atsushi , Talbot Conover , Zeng Yu , Yeater David B. , Leman Eddy S. , Kulkarni Prakash , Ogawa Osamu , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDFollowing androgen ablation treatment for advanced prostate cancer, almost all men relapse after a period of initial response to therapy, which eventually is life threatening. We have previously found that purine‐rich element binding protein, PURα, was significantly repressed in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines in comparison to an androgen‐dependent line. Moreover, over‐expressing PURα in androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells attenuated their cell proliferation. The aim of the studies described here was to uncover some of the mechanisms by which over‐expression of PURα attenuates cell proliferation.METHODSA set of common genes induced by over‐expressing PURα both in PC3 and LNCaP cells was analyzed by DNA microarray. The results were then validated utilizing quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR. Using a 5.3‐kb region of the PSA promoter containing androgen response elements, the participation of PURα in androgen regulated gene expression was determined.RESULTSGenes involved in stress response and cell differentiation were induced in cells over‐expressing PURα. Some of the genes that are targets of androgen regulation are also induced. Most strikingly, ectopic expression of PURα induced transcriptional activity of the 5.3‐kb PSA promoter containing androgen response elements, without androgen stimulation.CONCLUSIONBased upon the consideration that some of the genes involved in cell stress and differentiation are also regulated by androgens our data suggest that PURα shares some common pathways regulated by the androgen receptor. These findings suggest that regulation of PURα expression in prostate cancer cells may serve as a therapeutic target for hormone refractory prostate cancer. Prostate 69: 861–873, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A broader role for 5ARIs in prostate disease? Existing evidence and emerging benefits
Authors: Montorsi Francesco , Alcaraz Antonio , Desgrandchamps François , Hammerer Peter , Schröder Fritz , Castro Ramiro 
Published: March 2009

Abstract5ARIs are recommended for men who have moderate‐to‐severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Studies have confirmed the utility of combining 5ARIs with alpha‐blockers; the MTOPS study showed that risk of overall clinical progression was significantly reduced after 4.5 years with combination therapy (finasteride/doxazosin) in comparison with either monotherapy, while the ongoing CombAT trial (dutasteride/tamsulosin) has for the first time shown benefit in improving symptoms for combination therapy over monotherapies within 12 months of treatment. Data also suggest roles for 5ARIs in prostate cancer. Several studies indicate that treatment with a 5ARI improves the performance of PSA testing for identifying men with prostate cancer, while the PCPT showed a significant reduction in the risk of developing prostate cancer with finasteride. However, widespread use of finasteride in this setting has been tempered by an apparent increase in high‐grade disease observed in the study. The ongoing REDUCE study will provide further insight into prostate cancer prevention with 5ARIs. 5ARI‐containing regimens may have utility as less aggressive treatment options for patients who only have rising PSA after definitive local therapy, and in patients with disease resistant to androgen deprivation therapy who have PSA progression. Current evidence therefore shows that 5ARIs are effective in treating LUTS/BPE and preventing disease progression, and may also have a role in the prevention of prostate cancer. The overlap between BPE and prostate cancer may allow a more unified approach to managing these conditions, with 5ARIs having a central role. Prostate 69: 895–907, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccination with recombinant adenoviruses and dendritic cells expressing prostate‐specific antigens is effective in eliciting CTL and suppresses tumor growth in the experimental prostate cancer
Authors: Kim Sol , Lee Jee‐Boong , Lee Geon Kook , Chang Jun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer‐related death in men in the US. Immunological approaches may provide an alternative option for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.METHODSTo develop vaccine against prostate cancer using mouse model, we constructed three recombinant adenoviruses expressing prostate‐specific membrane antigen (rAd/PSMA), prostate stem cell antigen (rAd/PSCA) and six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (rAd/STEAP), that were specifically up‐regulated in the transgenic murine prostate cancer.RESULTSMale C57BL/6 mice were immunized by intravenous injection of these recombinant adenoviruses and subsequently by subcutaneous injection of dendritic cells pulsed with TRAMP‐C1 tumor lysate. After subcutaneous challenge with TRAMP‐C1 cells, tumor growth was significantly delayed in the immunized mice compared to the control group. Surprisingly, significant numbers of STEAP‐specific CD8 T cells were detected in the peripheral blood and the spleen of immune mice using MHC I tetramers, and injection of rAd/STEAP alone followed by pulsed DC was sufficient to inhibit tumor growth. Therapeutic vaccination also significantly delayed the growth of pre‐established tumors.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that STEAP is a good immunologic target antigen against prostate cancer and our vaccination regimen successfully elicits anti‐tumor CTL responses and suppresses tumor growth. More studies will expedite the development of this vaccine toward clinical application. Prostate 69: 938–948, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor‐promoting phenotype of CD90hi prostate cancer‐associated fibroblasts
Authors: Zhao Hongjuan , Peehl Donna M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer‐associated stroma contributes to the malignant behavior of adenocarcinomas of the prostate and other organs. CD90 is a marker of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its expression is higher in prostate cancer stroma compared to normal tissue. Cultured prostate cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) expressing high versus low levels of CD90 were analyzed for an MSC‐like or tumor‐promoting phenotype.METHODSCD90hi and CD90lo cells were collected by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Expression of genes associated with MSCs and/or tumor‐promoting activities was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Effects of stromal cell co‐culture or conditioned media were tested on BPH‐1 epithelial cells.RESULTSThe pattern of gene expression did not support the hypothesis that CD90hi cells were MSCs. However, CD90hi cells expressed higher levels of many genes associated with tumor promotion, including cytokines, angiogenic factors, hedgehog signaling components, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β. Co‐culture or conditioned medium from CD90hi cells increased CXCR4 expression in BPH‐1 cells, at least in part due to TGF‐β, and protected BPH‐1 cells from apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that the elevated expression of CD90 previously observed in the cancer‐associated stroma of the human prostate is biologically significant. Although our results do not support the idea that CD90hi cells cultured from the cancer stroma are MSCs, our findings suggest that the phenotype of these cells is more tumor‐promoting than that of cells expressing low CD90. Prostate 69: 991–1000, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.