bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The properties of metal‐reinforced glass ionomer materials
Authors: CHUNG K.‐H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe physical properties and bond strengths of two glass ionomer materials reinforced with silver and amalgam alloy powders were compared with those of a conventional material from the same manufacture as well as two commercially available products. The diametral tensile strength, hardness and bonding strength are improved with the addition of either commercial available silver particles or fabricated high‐copper amalgam alloy powders to the glass. Simple mixture of the metal or alloy powders with the glass ionomer cement seems to be feasible to improve the properties of the regular cement. However, further studies in formulating an optimal composition of metal or alloy, setting characteristics and long‐term clinical evaluation are necessary before proposing uses for this new material.
Geometrical interpretation for abnormal facial behaviour with possible correction of angle S‐N‐A and S‐N‐B
Authors: SARHAN O.A. , AL‐BALKHI K.M. 
Published: June 2007

The orientation of the sella nasion (SN) line in lateral skull radiographs is important for accurate assessment of antero‐posterior and vertical facial relationship. Lateral skull radiographs of a random sample were traced and digitized to produce a mean shape template of the sample, with the craniofacial centroid line (CFC) used as a base for superimposition of the sample.A geometrical triangle was formed using the sella nasion line, craniofacial centroid line and the mandibular plane as the sides of the triangle. Simple geometric calculations were done to re‐orient both the mandibular plane and sella nasion line in cases with balanced clinical profiles, while the S‐N‐A and S‐N‐B measurements indicate otherwise.
In vitro posterior composite polymerization recovery following hygroscopic expansion
Authors: SEGURA A. , DONLY K.J. 
Published: June 2007

Post‐operative pain has been associated with composite polymerization shrinkage. This study aimed to quantify the cuspal deflection resulting from the initial shrinkage and the subsequent hygroscopic expansion of a standard posterior composite resin.Thirty hydrated permanent molars were marked on the buccal and lingual cusp tips. Standardized conventional Class II preparations were made and restorations with composite resin were placed and: (A) polymerized as one complete unit; (B) polymerized in gingivo‐occlusal increments; (C) polymerized in buccolingual increments. Ten untreated teeth were marked and acted as controls. All specimens were placed in water. Pre‐operative, post‐operative and 6‐month photographs were projected on a digitizer pad and measured by two independent investigators. The mean cuspal deflection (μm) immediately post‐operatively and 6 months respectively, was: (A) 22.4, 8.7; (B) 12.4, 5.3; (C) 9.8, 3.0. The percentage of natural tooth dimensional recovery, following hygroscopic expansion was: (A) 97.5%; (B) 98.6%; (C) 99.4%. Buccolingual incremental polymerization led to significantly less initial cuspal deflection and the most cuspal recovery after hygroscopic expansion. The technique of resin placement therefore may provide a decrease in post‐operative sensitivity.
Social and functional impact of reduced posterior dental units in older adults
Authors: LEAKE J.L. , HAWKINS R. , LOCKER D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe number of teeth needed to maintain adequate dental function in older adults is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between oral function and the number of opposing pairs of posterior teeth. We identified 338 subjects with complete anterior dentitions from an interview and examination survey of Ontario adults aged 50 and over; 261 had no partial denture and 77 had removable partial dentures (RPD). Oral function was measured using questions assessing chewing ability, mandibular function and socio‐psychological impact.Subjects with no partial dentures were further allocated to five groups, based on their dental status: complete dental arch (n= 69); 5–7 functional units‐pairs of opposing posterior teeth (n= 109); 3 or 4 functional units (n= 48) and 0–2 functional units (n= 35). Oral function problems increased with decreasing functional units being markedly more prevalent among the groups with 0–2 functional units. 34% of subjects in the 0–2 group reported one or more problems with chewing ability compared to 6–17% in the other groups (χ2P= 0.001 d.f. = 3).The 77 subjects who wore removable partial dentures, reported social and dental function at levels comparable to those with no dentures.From these results, there appears to be little socio‐functional need to replace lost posterior teeth with a partial denture until the person has fewer than, 3 posterior functional units. The low number of partial denture wearers limited our ability to detect a lasting benefit from RPD treatment.
Surface texture evaluation of glass ionomer restorative materials polished utilizing poly(acrylic acid) gel
Authors: LIBERMAN R. , GEIGER S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study evaluated the surface texture of three different glass ionomer restorative materials and a composite resin, polished by a new method using poly (acrylic acid) gel. Conventional polishing methods and finishing agents were compared to the proposed new procedure. Evaluations were carried out employing three techniques: profilometry, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness testing. The use of a poly(acrylic acid) gel with polishing discs gave significantly better results, and is therefore recommended for clinical applications.
A 6‐year follow‐up study of oral function in shortened dental arches. Part I: Occlusal stability
Authors: WITTER D.J. , DE HAAN A.F.J. , KÄYSER A.F. , VAN ROSSUM G.M.J.M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this clinical 6‐year follow‐up study subjects with shortened dental arches (SDA, n= 55), characterized by the absence of molar support, are compared with subjects with complete dental arches (CDA, n= 52) with respect to occlusal stability. In addition, a small group of subjects with SDA and removable partial dentures in the lower jaw (SDA + RPD, n= 19) is included in this study. The aim of this study was to describe effects regarding occlusal stability in subjects with SDA during a 6‐year period. The applied parameters for occlusal stability are: number of occlusal contacts in the anterior region, overbite, interdental spacing and alveolar bone support.The results of this study show that: (i) SDA do provide durable occlusal stability; (ii) free‐end RPD do not contribute to occlusal stability in SDA; and (iii) SDA with periodontally involved teeth show continuing periodontal breakdown.
Psychosocial aspects of craniomandibular dysfunction. An assessment of clinical and community findings
Authors: DE LEEUW J.R.J. , STEENKS M.H. , ROS W.J.G. , BOSMAN F. , WINNUBST J.A.M. , SCHOLTE A.M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study was performed to assess whether subgroups of patients with signs and symptoms of craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) and a control group of dental patients with and without signs of CMD can be characterized by psychosocial variables, and whether there is evidence of stress‐induced muscle hyperactivity as a contributing factor in the development of signs and symptoms of CMD. A group of 127 care‐seeking patients and a control group of 158 dental patients completed a Questionnaire Battery (QB) designed to measure external stressors, stress‐related emotional reactions (anxiety and depression) and personal factors such as coping styles, health locus of control and personality. Patients with CMD with both a myogenous and an arthrogenous component reported more stress and stronger stress‐related emotional reactions than patients with either an arthrogenous or a myogenous CMD. However, patients with arthrogenous CMD did not differ on psychosocial variables from patients with myogenous CMD. In contrast to expectations, controls with signs of CMD reported more stress than patients with CMD. Compared with controls, CMD‐patients experienced less personal control over their health and they considered health to be determined by chance or fate. CMD‐patients also reported to cope differently with stress than controls. Analyses of covariance showed that the results were not influenced by differences in age, sex or pain reported in the head, neck and/or shoulders. Results were interpreted with regard to the psychophysiological theory of the development of signs and symptoms of CMD as a consequence of the progression of stress‐induced muscle hyperactivity. Differences between patients and controls in personal factors were interpreted with regard to treatment need for CMD.
Viscoelastic properties of tissue conditioners — influence of ethyl alcohol content and type of plasticizer
Authors: MURATA H. , MURAKAMI S. , SHIGETO N. , HAMADA T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe effect of both the ethyl alcohol content of liquids and the type of plasticizer on the viscoelastic properties after gelation of tissue conditioners was studied by means of a stress relaxation test. The results are summarized as follows. The liquids containing the larger percentages of ethyl alcohol produced the larger flow after gelation. Furthermore, the ethyl alcohol content had a significant influence on changes in viscoelastic properties with the passage of time. Flow properties were found to reduce rapidly with time of storage with an increase in the ethyl alcohol content. The use of benzyl benzoate produced the larger flow after gelation than dibutyl phthalate, which in turn produced the larger flow than butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate. The type of plasticizer, however, was found to have no influence on changes in viscoelastic properties with the passage of time.
An experimental study on histopathological changes in the tissue covered with denture base without occlusal pressure
Authors: NAKASHIMA K. , SATO T. , HARA T. , MINAGI S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn order to clarify the basic histopathological effect of a denture prosthesis on the denture supporting tissues, a new experimental appliance was developed. The denture base was designed to make contact with palatal mucosa of the experimental animal without any mechanical pressure and transmit no occlusal force to the mucosa. The objectives were: (i) non‐pressure contact of denture base with palatal mucosa; and (ii) lack of physiological stimulation for palatal tissue by tongue and/or food.The results of the study revealed that covering the palatal mucosa with a denture base without any mechanical pressure and with the maintenance of a clean palate and denture base, did not cause any inflammatory change and bone resorption in the denture supporting tissues, except for a slight transient proliferative reaction in the epithelial ridges.
Reflex responses to periodontal and auditory stimulation in human masseter
Authors: SATO T. , TÜRKER K.S. , MILES T.S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn investigation was made of the reflex responses evoked in the human masseter by periodontal mechanoreceptors. Weak taps were applied to the labial surface of a central incisor tooth by an electromechanical stimulator with a flexible probe (von Frey hair). Forces as low as 0.2N evoked inhibitory reflex responses in the surface electromyograms of both masseter muscles. These reflexes were modulated to markedly different extents in different subjects by auditory white noise, which always reduced the amplitude of the inhibition. The reflexes were abolished when local anaesthesia was infiltrated around the stimulated tooth and white noise was played into the ears. Evidence is presented that the sound of the tap on the tooth, transmitted through the air, is in itself sufficient to evoke an inhibitory reflex in masseter which is qualitatively similar to that from the periodontal receptors. Thus, in the absence of auditory masking, the total reflex evoked by tooth taps is the result of the summation of the inputs from both periodontal mechanoreceptors and auditory receptors.
The effect of margin design on the marginal adaptation of temporary crowns
Authors: KEYF F. , ANIL N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAccurate marginal fit and proper contour and surface finish of a temporary crown are needed to maintain healthy contiguous gingiva before the placing of the final restorations.In this study, the effect of two finish line types and the period of their remaining in the mouth on the marginal adaptation of temporary crowns was examined.According to our research findings, although no statistically significant difference was found between the marginal adaptation of the crowns of the chamfer and shoulder types, after 7 days a discrepancy of an important degree was observed in the shoulder type crown (t= 2.379, P < 0.05).
Elution of leachable components from composites
Authors: FERRACANE J.L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA significant amount of residual monomer or short chain polymers remain unbound in set composite material. Due to its potential impact on both the biocompatibility and the structural stability of the restoration, many investigators have studied the elution of these unbound molecules into aqueous media. The results of these studies suggest that elution of leachable components from composites is rapid, with the majority being released within a matter of hours. Weight losses of up to 2% of the mass of the composite have been reported under certain conditions. The studies have also shown that the extent and rate of elution of components from composites is dependent upon several factors. The quantity of leachables has been correlated to the degree of cure of the polymer network. The composition and solubility characteristics of the extraction solvent influence the kinetics and mechanism of the elution process. Elution is generally thought to occur via diffusion of molecules through the resin matrix, and is therefore dependent upon the size and chemical characteristics of the leachable species.
The attenuation of radiation by porcelain and its effect on polymerization of resin cements
Authors: UCTASLI S. , HASANREISOGLU U. , WILSON H.J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe influence of porcelain thickness and opacity on the polymerization of two dual activated (microfine and hybrid) and one light irradiated (hybrid) resin cements was assessed by hardness measurements. The surface microhardness values of the upper and lower surface of l mm thick resin cement specimens were determined. Specimens were polymerized using 40 s irradiation beneath different thicknessses and opacities of porcelain discs. The results showed that increasing the thicknesses and opacity of the porcelain produced a statistically significant decrease in microhardness of the resinbased cements. The effect of attenuation is less for the microfine cement than for the hybrids. In the case of hybrid cements, the light activated material performed better than the dual activated cement.
A comparative study of palatal height in a Saudi and Egyptian population
Authors: YOUNES S. , EL ANGBAWI M.F. , AL DOSARI A.M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY
The present study constitutes an attempt to compare normal traits for palatal height and width at different stages of dentition development of two ethnic groups of the Middle East. The observations were obtained from 346 randomly selected normal subjects, 188 Saudis and 158 Egyptians. The stone models were divided into three categories in both groups — primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. Palatal index values were calculated at two levels. Vernier calipers were used to measure the palatal width. Palatal depth was measured by profile Gauge by Vitrex. The results of this study demonstrate no significant difference between ethnic groups at levels 1 and 2 in relation to the palatal height, width and index. For both groups, palatal index increased significantly from the primary to mixed and permanent dentition at level 1.At level 2, palatal index and height showed decreases in measurement in the mixed dentition compared with the primary and the permanent dentitions.Subjective assessment of the palatal height correlated with palatal index. The casts were then labelled so that the shallow group had the smallest palatal index followed by the normal and the deep group had the largest palatal index. The results contribute to the information available on the development of palatal shape within two Middle Eastern populations. Knowledge of the normal range in shape can act as a baseline for studies of certain oral developmental abnormalities.
Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolases 1 and 2 affect shoot architecture in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Peizhen , Smalle Jan , Lee Sangsook , Yan Ning , Emborg Thomas J. , Vierstra Richard D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUbiquitin C‐terminal hydrolases (UCHs) are a subset of de‐ubiquitinating proteases that release covalently linked ubiquitin (Ub), and as such play essential roles in recycling Ub and reversing the action of Ub conjugation. We show here that two related Arabidopsis UCHs, UCH1, and UCH2, are important for shoot development. The UCH1 and 2 genes are ubiquitously expressed, with the corresponding proteins present in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Unlike their animal and fungal counterparts, we found no evidence that the Arabidopsis UCH1 and 2 proteins stably associate with the 26S proteasome. Altering the levels of UCH1 and 2 has substantial effects on Arabidopsis shoot development, especially with respect to inflorescence architecture, with over‐expression and double mutants enhancing and suppressing the outgrowth of cauline branches, respectively. Neither UCH1‐over‐expressing nor uch1‐1 uch2‐1 plants have detectably altered sensitivity to cytokinins or auxins individually, but exhibit an altered sensitivity to the ratio of the two hormones. UCH1‐over‐expressing plants show dramatically enhanced phenotypes when combined with auxin‐insensitive mutants axr1‐3 and axr2‐1, suggesting that one or more aspects of auxin signaling are affected by this enzyme pair. Previous studies revealed that the ubiquitination and degradation of the AUX/IAA family of repressors is a key step in auxin signaling. Here, we show that turnover of a reporter fused to a representative AUX/IAA protein AXR3 is faster in the uch1‐1 uch2‐1 double mutant but slower in the UCH1 over‐expression backgrounds. Taken together, our results indicate that de‐ubiquitination helps to modify plant shoot architecture, possibly via its ability to directly or indirectly protect upstream target proteins involved in auxin/cytokinin signaling from Ub‐mediated degradation.
Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial: First results of ETA®
Authors: Wahn Prof. Ulrich 
Published: June 2007

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi‐country, double‐blind, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6).However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention‐to‐treat ‐ ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.
Variabilité du comportement de Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. à trois monoterpènes
Authors: Thibault‐Balesdent Mylène , Delatour C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Variability of H. annosum behaviour to three monoterpenes. Sensitivity of 23IL. amoson isolates to α‐pinene, β‐pinene and linonene is sitre and compared to results of inoculations in living Norway spruces stems. β‐pinene and limenene are twice as effective as α‐pinene, but the level of inhibition depends on isolares. The percentage of fuiled inoculations is correlated with the sensitivity of isolates to β‐pinene.
Bacteria associated with tarnished plant bug stem lesions on hybrid poplars in Ontario
Authors: Juzwik J. , Hubbes M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBacteria were always recovered from degraded tissue of large and mid‐sized tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) lesions, less frequently from small lesions and bumps, and rarely from healthy tissues of current year shoots of hybrid poplar in southern Ontario, Canada. All 209 isolates obtained were gram‐negative rods; 61 were members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Compartmentalized disrupted areas in the xylem were associated with bumps and large insect incited lesions. Large numbers of bacteria were associated with pockets of thick‐walled fibers in the disrupted tissues. Microscopic observations suggest that bacteria contribute to degradation of disrupted tissues through breakdown of the fibers. The role of bacteria in TPB lesion formation, however, is still not clear.
SEM‐observations on the structural degradation of epistomatal waxes in Picea abies (L.) Karst.—and its possible role in the “Fichtensterben”
Authors: Sauter J. J. , Voß J.‐U. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe structural degradation of the epistomatal waxes was studied with the scanning electron microscope in needles of five trees of Picea abies (L.) Karst. differing in their symptoms of decline. The shedding of needles was found to be related to the degree of occlusion of stomates and to occur when about 80 to 90 % of stomates became occluded by a flat and solid wax cover resulting from the structural degradation of the epistomatal wax crystalloids. While this structural degradation stage was not reached before the seventh year in the trees classified as healthy, degradation was dramatically accelerated in the declining trees. The physiological consequences of such structural obstruction could explain many results so far obtained in declining trees.
The influence of a prolonged SO2 fumigation on the stomatal reaction of spruce
Authors: Keller Th. , Häsler R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpruce cuttings (Picea abies) were subjected to low SO2 concentrations for almost half a year. Afterwards transpiration and stomatal conductance were measured with a porometer. Transpiration was decreased by SO2 in light but stomata reacted sluggishly to changed light conditions.
Phacidium infestans and Ph.abietis. Hosts, especially Abies species in Norwegian nurseries
Authors: Roll‐Hansen Finn 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDifferences between Phacidium infestans and Ph. abietis are discussed, especially with respect to hosts. Ph. infestans is reported from Norway on several Abies species. Ripe apothecia were found on A. concolor. The identification was verified by infection experiments. Abies species seem, however, to be rather poor hosts to Ph. infestans.