bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling learning strategies of medical students: A person‐centered approach
Authors: Otto Nils , Böckers Anja , Shiozawa Thomas , Brunk Irene , Schumann Sven , Kugelmann Daniela , Missler Markus , Darici Dogus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudents within a cohort might employ unique subsets of learning strategies (LS) to study. However, little research has aimed to elucidate subgroup‐specific LS usage among medical students. Recent methodological developments, particularly person‐centred approaches such as latent profile analysis (LPA), offer ways to identify relevant subgroups with dissimilar patterns of LS use. In this paper, we apply LPA to explore subgroups of medical students during preclinical training in anatomy and examine how these patterns are linked with learning outcomes.MethodsWe analysed the LS used by 689 undergraduate, 1st and 2nd‐year medical students across 6 German universities who completed the short version of the Learning Strategies of University Students (LIST‐K) questionnaire, and answered questions towards external criteria such as learning resources and performance. We used the thirteen different LS facets of the LIST‐K (four cognitive, three metacognitive, three management of internal and three management of external resources) as LPA indicators.ResultsBased on LPA, students can be grouped into four distinct learning profiles: Active learners (45% of the cohort), collaborative learners (17%), structured learners (29%) and passive learners (9%). Students in each of those latent profiles combine the 13 LS facets in a unique way to study anatomy. The profiles differ in both, the overall level of LS usage, and unique combinations of LS used for learning. Importantly, we find that the facets of LS show heterogeneous and subgroup‐specific correlations with relevant outcome criteria, which partly overlap but mostly diverge from effects observed on the population level.ConclusionsThe effects observed by LPA expand results from variable‐centered efforts and challenge the notion that LS operate on a linear continuum. These results highlight the heterogeneity between subgroups of learners and help generate a more nuanced interpretation of learning behaviour. Lastly, our analysis offers practical implications for educators seeking to tailor learning experiences to meet individual student needs.
The sphingolipid inhibitor myriocin increases Candida auris susceptibility to amphotericin B
Authors: Stieber Hanna , Junghanns Lara , Wilhelm Hannah , Batliner Maria , Aldejohann Alexander Maximilian , Kurzai Oliver , Martin Ronny 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe emergence of the pathogenic yeast Candida auris is of global concern due to its ability to cause hospital outbreaks and develop resistance against all antifungal drug classes. Based on published data for baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sphingolipid biosynthesis, which is essential for maintaining membrane fluidity and formation of lipid rafts, could offer a target for additive treatment.MethodsWe analysed the susceptibility of C. auris to myriocin, which is an inhibitor of the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids in eukaryotic cells in comparison to other Candida species. In addition, we combined sublethal concentrations of myriocin with the antifungal drugs amphotericin B and fluconazole in E‐tests. Consequently, the combinatory effects of myriocin and amphotericin B were examined in broth microdilution assays.ResultsMyriocin‐mediated inhibition of the sphingolipid biosynthesis affected the growth of C. auris. Sublethal myriocin concentrations increased fungal susceptibility to amphotericin B. Isolates which are phenotypically resistant (≥2 mg/L) to amphotericin B became susceptible in presence of myriocin. However, addition of myriocin had only limited effects onto the susceptibility of C. auris against fluconazole.ConclusionsOur results show that inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis increases the susceptibility of C. auris to amphotericin B. This may potentially enhance antifungal treatment options fighting this often resistant yeast pathogen.
The missing study groups: Liminality and communitas in the time of COVID‐19
Authors: Rodríguez‐Mejía Fredy R. , Briody Elizabeth K. , Copple Ethan L. , Berger Edward J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe examine the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on teaching and learning in an Engineering School of a large US research university. We focus on the adjustment of instructors as they converted their courses to distance teaching and learning formats (e.g., virtual sessions, online forums) and on bachelor student experiences with those changes. While both instructors and students experienced liminality, the pandemic affected these groups differently. Instructors attempted to form communitas with their students by prioritizing their teaching responsibilities, increasing the accessibility of course materials, and being more available to students compared to pre‐pandemic times. However, students struggled to adapt to online learning contexts which lacked the sense of togetherness previously offered by in‐person classes, study‐groups, tutorial sessions, and communal study spaces. Unable to interact with their peers and create communitas, learning online proved to be an ineffective “solution.” Interacting with classmates and working in study groups are among the practices that can help students adjust to course delivery changes, even if it means those cultural practices go virtual. We argue that higher learning institutions, regardless of type (e.g., R1, R2, liberal arts, community colleges), should strengthen their remote teaching approaches. However, those strategies should incorporate: building strong relationships within and across roles, designing inclusive teaching and learning practices that take the contexts in which students learn into account, increasing spaces for peer‐to‐peer learning, and becoming proficient in the technologies needed to teach virtually.
Adequacy of basal metabolic rate prediction equations in individuals with severe obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Campos Tatiana Almeida de Moraes , Mariz Virginia Gaissionok , Mulder Alessandra Pinheiro , Curioni Cintia Chaves , Bezerra Flávia Fioruci 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe determination of energy requirements in clinical practice is based on basal metabolic rate (BMR), frequently predicted by equations that may not be suitable for individuals with severe obesity. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the accuracy and precision of BMR prediction equations in adults with severe obesity. Four databases were searched in March 2021 and updated in May 2023. Eligible studies compared BMR prediction equations with BMR measured by indirect calorimetry. Forty studies (age: 28–55 years, BMI: 40.0–62.4 kg/m2) were included, most of them with a high risk of bias. Studies reporting bias (difference between estimated and measured BMR) were included in the meta‐analysis (n = 20). Six equations were meta‐analyzed: Harris & Benedict (1919); WHO (weight) (1985); Owen (1986); Mifflin (1990); Bernstein (1983); and Cunningham (1980). The most accurate and precise equations in the overall analysis were WHO (−12.44 kcal/d; 95%CI: −81.4; 56.5 kcal/d) and Harris & Benedict (−18.9 kcal/d; 95%CI ‐73.2; 35.2 kcal/d). All the other equations tended to underestimate BMR. Harris & Benedict and WHO were the equations with higher accuracy and precision in predicting BMR in individuals with severe obesity. Additional analyses suggested that equations may perform differently according to obesity BMI ranges, which warrants further investigation.
The influence of everyday emotions on mucosal immunity: An intensive longitudinal modeling approach
Authors: Seizer Lennart , Löchner Johanna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMucosal immunity is a multifaceted system of immunological responses that provides a barrier against pathogenic invasion and can be regulated by psychosocial and neuroendocrine factors. The present study aims to elucidate the association between everyday emotional states, emotion regulation skills, and mucosal immunity by utilizing an ambulatory assessment approach. 30 healthy subjects (61% male; M = 30.18 years old) completed an emotion questionnaire (PANAS) and collected saliva samples via passive drool to determine salivary immunoglobulin‐A (S‐IgA) excretion rate three times a day over a period of 1 week. In a multi‐level model, the influence of emotions on S‐IgA, both on a within‐subject and between‐subject level, was estimated. We found that most of the variation in S‐IgA (74%) was accounted for by within‐subject changes rather than stable between‐subject differences. On a within‐subject level, negative emotions had a significant positive effect on S‐IgA levels (b = 1.87, p = .015), while positive emotions had no effect. This effect of negative emotions was moderated by the individual emotion regulation skills, with higher regulation skills corresponding to smaller effects (b = −2.67, p = .046). Furthermore, S‐IgA levels decreased over the course of a day, indicating circadian rhythmicity (b = −0.13, p = .034). These results highlight the possibilities of intensive longitudinal data to investigate the covariance between psychological and immunological states over time.
Cross‐clausal scrambling and subject case in Balkar: On multiple specifiers and the locality of overt and covert movement
Authors: Bondarenko Tatiana , Davis Colin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe use fieldwork data about cross‐clausal scrambling in Balkar (Turkic) to clarify the nature of movement and its constraints. Balkar has a variety of embedded nominalized clauses, with different subject cases and possibilities for movement. Clauses with nominative (nom) subjects permit cross‐clausal object extraction but not subject extraction. In contrast, clauses with accusative subjects permit both such movements, although movement of the subject is required for object extraction. Finally, clauses with genitive subjects permit only subject extraction. We argue that these facts provide evidence for the following proposals: (i) multiple specifiers are usually possible provided that tucking‐in applies; (ii) the highest of a phase's multiple specifiers is privileged for accessibility; (iii) movement is constrained by anti‐locality (a ban on short movements); and (iv) Balkar DPs do not permit multiple specifiers. These factors are intertwined informatively in Balkar, and are supported by additional facts about possessors, binding, and covert movement.
Revisiting attitudes toward English in present‐day Italy
Authors: Pulcini Virginia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnglish is the most popular foreign language in present‐day Italy. Most Italians believe that it is useful in the job market and a symbol of modernity, professionalism and technological advancement. Italy has been in contact with English‐speaking countries for centuries, but only after the end of World War II have the English language and Anglo‐American culture influenced Italian society in a visible way. English has transferred many loanwords into Italian, especially in the specialized terminologies of ICT, economy and finance. English buzzwords, slogans or pseudo‐English neologisms are ubiquitous in the Italian linguistic landscape. Starting from a picture of the current situation, this paper tries to outline the status of English today, considering the growing pressures of internationalization in business, education and media communication. Favourable attitudes are widespread in the younger generations, while more conservative views on the hegemony of English in Italy are held by some linguists, institutions and nationalist opinion‐makers.
John Charlton Polkinghorne, 1930–2021
Authors: Fairlie David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJohn Charlton Polkinghorne was very successful in two careers: as a theoretical physicist and as a theologian. As a physicist at Cambridge, he was one of the pioneers of applying complex variable theory to the study of properties of scattering amplitudes and contributed to the theory of strong (nuclear) interactions. In addition, he was a successful teacher, with many of his students gaining senior academic positions in universities. A postmaster's son from Weston‐super‐Mare, he married Ruth Martin, also a mathematics student at Cambridge. They had three children. John surprised many, apart from those who knew him closely, by resigning from his Chair at Cambridge to study for ordination in the Anglican Church. He became an influential theologian devoting much study to the interaction of science and religion. His position might be summed up in a phrase he was fond of, “God holds the Universe in being”, which was John's solution to what is called the fine‐tuning problem in physics: that the parameters of Nature turn out to be exquisitely adjusted to allow our universe to exist in its richness. John was a formidable administrator, became President of Queens' College, Cambridge, and chaired UK government committees on research ethics.
Effects of furosemide, acetazolamide and amiloride on renal cortical and medullary tissue oxygenation in non‐anaesthetised healthy sheep
Authors: Ow Connie P. C. , Okazaki Nobuki , Iguchi Naoya , Peiris Rachel M. , Evans Roger G. , Hood Sally G. , May Clive N. , Bellomo Rinaldo , Lankadeva Yugeesh R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt has been proposed that diuretics can improve renal tissue oxygenation through inhibition of tubular sodium reabsorption and reduced metabolic demand. However, the impact of clinically used diuretic drugs on the renal cortical and medullary microcirculation is unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of three commonly used diuretics, at clinically relevant doses, on renal cortical and medullary perfusion and oxygenation in non‐anaesthetised healthy sheep. Merino ewes received acetazolamide (250 mg; n = 9), furosemide (20 mg; n = 10) or amiloride (10 mg; n = 7) intravenously. Systemic and renal haemodynamics, renal cortical and medullary tissue perfusion and , and renal function were then monitored for up to 8 h post‐treatment. The peak diuretic response occurred 2 h (99.4 ± 14.8 mL/h) after acetazolamide, at which stage cortical and medullary tissue perfusion and were not significantly different from their baseline levels. The peak diuretic response to furosemide occurred at 1 h (196.5 ± 12.3 mL/h) post‐treatment but there were no significant changes in cortical and medullary tissue oxygenation during this period. However, cortical tissue fell from 40.1 ± 3.8 mmHg at baseline to 17.2 ± 4.4 mmHg at 3 h and to 20.5 ± 5.3 mmHg at 6 h after furosemide administration. Amiloride did not produce a diuretic response and was not associated with significant changes in cortical or medullary tissue oxygenation. In conclusion, clinically relevant doses of diuretic agents did not improve regional renal tissue oxygenation in healthy animals during the 8 h experimentation period. On the contrary, rebound renal cortical hypoxia may develop after dissipation of furosemide‐induced diuresis.
Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of fosmanogepix IV to oral switch and multiple IV doses in healthy participants
Authors: Hodges Michael R. , Hazel Susan , Kramer William G. , van Hoogdalem Ewoud-Jan , van Marle Sjoerd , Tawadrous Margaret , Jakate Abhijeet 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Fosmanogepix [FMGX, APX001; active form: manogepix (MGX), APX001A] is a first-in-class, intravenous (IV)/oral antifungal currently being evaluated for invasive fungal disease treatment. Data from two phase 1, placebo-controlled studies [IV–oral switch (study 1) and multiple IV doses (study 2)] evaluating FMGX tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) are presented. Healthy adults (study 1: 18–65 years; study 2: 18–55 years) were eligible (randomized 3:1 to FMGX: placebo). Eleven participants completed study 1. In study 2, 51 participants (48 planned + 3 replacement) were enrolled in six cohorts (8 participants each; 34 completed the study). In study 1, overall MGX systemic exposures were comparable from day 1 to day 42 of dosing; steady-state plasma concentrations were achieved in ≤24 h following two IV loading doses (1,000 mg) and exposures maintained after switching [IV (600 mg) to daily oral doses (800 mg)]. FMGX was safe and well-tolerated. In study 2, FMGX IV doses (loading doses twice daily/maintenance doses once daily; 3-h infusion) of 1,500/900 mg (cohort A), 900/900 mg (cohort B), and 1,000/900 mg (cohort C: with ondansetron) were not well-tolerated; most participants reported nausea and infrequent vomiting. FMGX IV doses of 1,000/750 mg (cohort D), 1,000/850 mg (cohort E), and 1,000/900 mg (cohort F: ondansetron prn) were relatively better tolerated. Steady-state systemic exposures were achieved between days 2 and 4. All cohorts had similar geometric mean (GM) concentrations during maintenance dosing and similar GM PK parameters. Dosing regimen evaluated in study 1 was safe, well-tolerated, and may be used for future clinical evaluations.
Ten-year (2009–2019) epidemiological study of head and neck, salivary glands and upper aerodigestive tract cancers, and overall survival outcomes in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Reyes-Chicuellar Nayellin , Thimbleby Kate , Balasubramanya Bhavya , Patel Hemi , Mahendran Suresh 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundHead and neck, salivary glands and aerodigestive tract cancers (HNACs) rank sixth in cancer incidence in Australia, posing significant public health and economic challenges. However, data on HNACs in the Northern Territory (NT) are lacking, crucial for healthcare planning.ObjectiveThis study aims to analyse HNACs epidemiology, risk factors and survival outcomes in the NT, focusing on Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis (2009–2019) of HNACs cases from the NT Cancer Registry. Ethically approved, the study assessed incidence, mortality, risk factors and survival across ethnic populations.ResultsOf 612 potential cases, 524 were analysed, with 35.5% identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders. Predominantly affecting males (median age: 62 years), HNACs showed an age-standardised incidence of 21.9 per 100 000, with stable trends. The 5-year survival rate was 39.6%, notably lower in Indigenous Australians (25%) and remote areas (18%) vs the national average (68%). Oropharyngeal malignancies were common (36% survival). High-risk behaviours such as alcohol use (73%) and smoking (91%) prevailed. Most patients (73%) presented with advanced disease (stages III–IV), with one-third offered palliative care at diagnosis. P16-negative tumours predominated, with increasing P16-positive cases in non-Indigenous patients.ConclusionHNACs survival rates in the NT are significantly lower than the national average, especially among Indigenous Australians and remote residents. Targeted interventions are needed to improve service planning and delivery, considering identified risk factors and cultural sensitivities, and promoting Indigenous participation.
Comment fabriquer un bel animal d’élevage ? Pratiques, savoirs et politiques de la reproduction des animaux de rente (XVIIe-XIXe siècle)
Authors: Brassart Laurent 
Published: March 2024

Résumé
Cet article s’intéresse au spectaculaire processus de transformation morphologique des animaux de rente qui s’est accompli en Europe occidentale de la fin du XVIIe siècle à la fin du XIXe siècle. Il met en évidence des stratégies, à la fois concurrentes et complémentaires, de transformation anthropique de l’animal d’élevage, mobilisant des acteurs, des institutions, des techniques et des compréhensions différenciées de la reproduction et de l’hérédité, en France et en Angleterre. Si la biopolitique d’État française diffère de la libre entreprise des élites sociales rurales britanniques, les deux paradigmes convergent toutefois dans la production de discours et de pratiques visant à disqualifier les usages paysans en matière d’élevage et de reproduction animale. Pourtant, en dépit de leurs différences et de leurs succès initiaux, ces deux paradigmes zootechniques n’ont pas réussi – à la fin du XIXe siècle – à imposer l’intégralité de leur programme aux paysanneries. Par un surprenant retournement de situation, à la faveur de l’affirmation d’un mouvement de contestation intellectuelle et morale de la zootechnie, les paysanneries, dans leur diversité, opèrent à leur profit une étonnante appropriation synthétique de ces paradigmes reproductifs.
Ми з Вами! (We Are with You!)
Authors: Szpargała Katarzyna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, millions of Ukrainians have been forced to flee their homes. Millions have decided to leave the country and sought safety in other countries, while millions more have been displaced within Ukraine. Poland expressed solidarity with Ukraine and its citizens, both in Ukraine and in Poland. On top of state-level actions, Polish society and foreign communities in Poland came together and organized numerous solidarity actions. The influx of people from Ukraine also started a discussion about the treatment of refugees in Poland and possible changes to the functioning of the state and the society. This article examines the solidarity actions towards Ukrainian refugees, focusing on both symbolic actions and humanitarian and economic aid. It also briefly analyzes possible challenges that might have an impact on future relations.
Artificial Trends or Real Changes? Investigating Precipitation Records in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Authors: Champagne Olivier , Zolina Olga , Dedieu Jean-Pierre , Wolff Mareile , Jacobi Hans-Werner 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Svalbard archipelago, in the Atlantic–Arctic region, has been affected by a strong increase in precipitation in the last decades, with major potential impacts for the cryosphere, biogeochemical cycles, and the ecosystems. Ny-Ålesund (79°N), in the northwest part of Svalbard, hosts invaluable meteorological records widely used by many researchers. Among the observed parameters, the amount of precipitation is subject to large biases, mainly due to the well-known precipitation gauges undercatch during windy conditions. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the observed trend of precipitation in Ny-Ålesund in the 1975–2022 period was real and how it was impacted by the gauge undercatch. We applied several correction factors developed in the last decades, based on local wind speed and temperature. We forced these corrections with 12-hourly precipitation data from the Ny-Ålesund weather station. Taking the period 1975–2022, the trend of precipitation increased from 3.8 mm yr−1 in the observations to 4.5 mm yr−1 (±0.2) after the corrections, mainly due to enhanced snowfall in November–January months. Taking the most recent 40-yr period (1983–2022), the amount of precipitation still increased by 3.8 mm yr−1 in the observations, but only by 2.6 mm yr−1 (±0.5) after the corrections. The recent observed trend of precipitation stays large due to an increase of wet snowfall and rainfall that are measured more efficiently by the precipitation gauge. This result shows the need of applying correction factors when using precipitation gauge data, especially in regions exhibiting large interannual changes of weather conditions.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to investigate if the observed trend of precipitation in Ny-Ålesund in the 1975–2022 period was real and how it was impacted by the gauge undercatch. The results show that the observed trend of precipitation was overestimated when calculated in the most recent 40-yr period (1983–2022). This overestimation was large due to an increase with time of wet snowfall and rainfall that were measured more efficiently by the precipitation gauge. This result shows the need of applying corrections factors when using precipitation gauge data, especially in regions exhibiting large interannual changes of weather conditions.