bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Degradability, and Drug Releasing Properties of Methyl Esters of Fungal Poly(β,L‐malic acid)
Authors: Portilla‐Arias José A. , García‐Alvarez Montserrat , de Ilarduya Antxon Martínez , Holler Eggerhard , Galbis Juan A. , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMethyl esters of microbial poly(β,L‐malic acid) for conversion degrees of 25, 50, 75, and 100% were prepared by treatment of the polyacid with diazomethane. Esterification proceeded with retention of the molecular weight of the parent polyacid and the copolymers displayed a blocky microstructure consisting of short segments of malic and methyl malate sequences. The thermal stability of the copolyesters was lower than those of the parent homopolymers and all of them were fairly crystalline with melting temperatures within the range of 170–175 °C. They were degraded rapidly by water, the hydrolysis rate being highly dependent on the methylation degree. Microspheres with mean–average diameters in the range of 1–20 µm were prepared from the 100% methylated product by the emulsion–evaporation solvent method. Encapsulation of erythromycin was efficiently performed in these microparticles and its releasing upon incubation in simulated physiological medium was evaluated for different drug loads. Drug delivery was observed to occur by a releasing mechanism largely determined by the hydrodegradation of the host polymer and independent of the amount of loaded drug.magnified image
Flame Retardancy Mechanisms of Aluminium Phosphinate in Combination with Melamine Cyanurate in Glass‐Fibre‐Reinforced Poly(1,4‐butylene terephthalate)
Authors: Braun Ulrike , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium diethylphosphinate (AlPi) and its combination with melamine cyanurate (MC) in glass‐fibre‐reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT/GF) were analysed using TGA including evolved gas analysis (TGA‐FTIR), cone calorimeter measurements using various irradiations, flammability tests (limited oxygen index, LOI, UL 94) and chemical analyses of residues (FTIR, SEM/EDX). AlPi decomposed mainly through the formation of diethylphosphinic acid and aluminium phosphate and influenced the decomposition of the PBT only slightly. AlPi acted mainly through flame inhibition. A halogen‐free V‐0 PBT/GF material was achieved with a LOI of 44%. Additional charring influenced the flammability. MC decomposed independently of the polymer and showed some fuel dilution effects.magnified image
A novel cellular automata‐partial differential equation model for understanding chlamydial infection and ascension of the female genital tract
Authors: Mallet Dann , Heymer Kel , Wilson David P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChlamydia trachomatis is amongst the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world and when left untreated, may lead to serious sequelae particularly in women such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Currently, most mathematical modelling in the literature regarding Chlamydia is based on time dependent differential equations. The serious pathology associated with C. trachomatis occurs when the chlamydial infection ascends to the upper genital tract. But no modelling study has investigated the important spatial aspects of the disease. In this work, we include spatiotemporal considerations of the progression of chlamydial infection in the genital tract. This novel direction is achieved using cellular automata modelling with probabilistic decision processes. In this presentation, the modelling strategy will be described, as well as its relationship with existing models and the advances in understanding that are achieved with such a model. Such an approach provides valuable insights into disease progression and will lead to experimentally testable predictions and a basis for further investigation in this area. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A time evolution model for total‐variation based blind deconvolution
Authors: Marquina Antonio 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe propose a time evolution model for total‐variation based blind deconvolution consisting of two evolution equations evolving the signal by means of a nonlinear scale space method and the kernel by using a diffusion equation starting from the zero signal and a delta function respectively. A preliminary numerical test consisting of blind deconvolution of a noiseless blurred image is presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Compressive Sampling via Random Convolution
Authors: Romberg Justin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeveral recent results in compressive sampling show that a sparse signal (i.e. a signal which can be compressed in a known orthobasis) can be efficiently acquired by taking linear measurements against random test functions. In this paper, we show that these results can be extended to measurements taken by convolving with a random pulse and then subsampling. The measurement scheme is universal in that it complements (with high probability) any fixed orthobasis we use to represent the signal. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of human body stability under the vertical vibration action into an autovehicle using Laplace transforms
Authors: Arghir Mariana , Rodean Simona 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe paper presents a study for imagining of generalized mechanical model for the human body/seat assembly. The model will be used for the dynamics analyze of the human body constituent parts, under the vertical vibrations influence, transmitted by the vehicle seat during its displacement. Measures of the dynamic responses of the body are represented by the transfer functions. The human body stability is given by the found poles. The human body motion laws with four independent coordinates have been as graphical representations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability of flow past cylinder cascade
Authors: Boppana V. B. L. , Gajjar J. S. B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe global stability analysis of the two–dimensional incompressible unsteady flow past a circular clinder cascade is studied using linear stability analysis. A new numerical technique is used to find the value of critical Reynolds number that causes the flow to undergo Hopf bifurcation. An attempt has also been made to study the blockage effect on critical Reynolds number and associated Strouhal number. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Regular reflection in potential flow and the sonic criterion
Authors: Elling Volker 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe study the classical problem of self‐similar reflection of shocks at a ramp, modeled by potential flow with γ‐law pressure. Depending on corner angle θ and upstream Mach number MI , either regular (RR) or Mach reflections occur. There are several conflicting transition criteria predicting the corner angle at which the type of reflection changes. We show that in some cases, in particular MI = 1 and γ = 5/3, an exact RR solution exists for all θ specified by the sonic criterion. Thus all weaker criteria are false. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements and infinite‐dimensional statistical inverse theory
Authors: Lasanen S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe most important ingredient of the statistical inverse theory is the indirect and noisy measurement of the unknown. Without the measurement, the formula for the posterior distribution becomes useless. However, inserting the measurement into the posterior distribution is not always simple.In the general setting, the posterior distribution is defined as a regular conditional probability. Hence it is known up to almost all measurements, which is inconvenient when we are given a single measurement. This shortage is covered in the finite‐dimensional statistical inverse theory by fixing versions of probability density functions. A usual choice is to consider continuous probability density functions. Unfortunately, infinite‐dimensional probability measures lack density functions which prohibits us from using the same method in the general setting. In this work, other possibilities for fixing the posterior distributions are discussed in the Gaussian framework. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Thermoschock beim Hybridumformprozess
Authors: Schneidt Andreas , Mahnken Rolf 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBei dem Hybridumformprozess zur Einstellung gradierter Strukturen unterliegt das Umformwerkzeug aufgrund der inhomogenen, zyklischen thermo‐mechanischen Belastungen einem erhöhten Versagensrisiko. Ein wesentliches Ziel der Untersuchung besteht in der Validierung der Finite‐Elemente Berechnungen für eine bauteilähnliche Materialprobe unter komplexen thermischen und mechanischen Belastungen, um das Versagen vorhersagen zu können. Zu diesen Zweck werden Thermoschockversuche für bauteilähnliche bzw. werkzeugähnliche Materialproben des Umformwerkzeugs durchgeführt. Um eine ausreichende Datenmenge zu erhalten, werden optische Messverfahren eingesetzt, deren Ergebnisse im Vergleich zur Simulation Anwendung finden. Das Weiteren erfolgt eine experimentelle Schädigungsanalyse der Thermoschockversuche, um Lebensdauerdaten zum Einfluss der thermomechanischen Belastung der Hybridumformung auf das Werkzeug zu gewinnen. Dazu erfolgen Untersuchungen mit dem Wirbelstromverfahren auf der durch Thermoschock belasteten Probenoberfläche. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accelerated and outdoor aging effects on photovoltaic module interfacial adhesion properties
Authors: Jorgensen G. J. , McMahon T. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe have developed an apparatus that allows the measurement of applied torque as a function of angle of twist during shear removal of cored specimens. This allows us to characterize the strength and durability of various interfaces within many types of photovoltaic (PV) modules. We have used this device to evaluate several parameters in terms of their ability to quantify degradation of interfacial adhesion in weathered PV modules. The usefulness of shear modulus in this regard is marginal. However, peak torque, angle at peak torque, and toughness are very sensitive parameters. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative proteomic analysis of low stage and high stage endometrioid ovarian adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kim Hyeyeung , Wu Rong , Cho Kathleen R. , Thomas Dafydd G. , Gossner Gabrielle , Liu J. Rebecca , Giordano Thomas J. , Shedden Kerby A. , Misek David E. , Lubman David M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOvarian cancer, the second most common gynecological malignancy, accounts for 3% of all cancers among women in the United States, and has a high mortality rate, largely because existing therapies for widespread disease are rarely curative. Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma (OEA) accounts for about 20% of the overall incidence of all ovarian cancer. We have used proteomics profiling to characterize low stage (FIGO stage 1 or 2) versus high stage (FIGO stage 3 or 4) human OEAs. In general, the low stage tumors lacked p53 mutations and had frequent CTNNB1, PTEN, and/or PIK3CA mutations. The high stage tumors had mutant p53, were usually high grade, and lacked mutations predicted to deregulate Wnt/β‐catenin and PI3K/Pten/Akt signaling. We utilized 2‐D liquid‐based separation/mass mapping techniques to elucidate molecular weight and pI measurements of the differentially expressed intact proteins. We generated 2‐D protein mass maps to facilitate the analysis of protein expression between both the low stage and high stage tumors. These mass maps (over a pI range of 5.6–4.6) revealed that the low stage OEAs demonstrated protein over‐expression at the lower pI ranges (pI 4.8–4.6) in comparison to the high stage tumors, which demonstrated protein over‐expression in the higher pI ranges (pI 5.4–5.2). These data suggest that both low and high stage OEAs have characteristic pI signatures of abundant protein expression probably reflecting, at least in part, the different signaling pathway defects that characterize each group. In this study, the low stage OEAs were distinguishable from high stage tumors based upon the proteomic profiles. Interestingly, when only high‐grade (grade 2 or 3) OEAs were included in the analysis, the tumors still tended to cluster according to stage, suggesting that the altered protein expression was not solely dependent upon tumor cell differentiation. Further, these protein profiles clearly distinguish OEA from other types of ovarian cancer at the protein level.
Proteomic identification and early validation of complement 1 inhibitor and pigment epithelium‐derived factor: Two novel biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in human plasma
Authors: Cutler Paul , Akuffo Emma L. , Bodnar Wanda M. , Briggs Deborah M. , Davis John B. , Debouck Christine M. , Fox Steven M. , Gibson Rachel A. , Gormley Darren A. , Holbrook Joanna D. , Hunter A. Jacqueline , Kinsey Emma E. , Prinjha Rabinder , Richardson Jill C. , Roses Allen D. , Smith Marjorie A. , Tsokanas Nikos , Willé David R. , Wu Wen , Yates John W. , Gloger Israel S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractEmerging disease modifying therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have generated a critical need for biomarkers of early stage disease. Here, we describe the identification and assessment of a number of candidate biomarkers in patients with mild to moderate probable AD. Plasma from 47 probable Alzheimer's patients and 47 matched controls were analysed by proteomics to define a significant number of proteins whose expression appeared to be associated with AD. These were compared to a similar proteomic comparison of a mouse transgenic model of amyloidosis, which showed encouraging overlap with the human data. From these studies a prioritised list of 31 proteins were then analysed by immunoassay and/or functional assay in the same human cohort to verify the changes observed. Eight proteins continued to show significance by either immunoassay or functional assay in the human plasma and these were tested in a further set of 100 probable AD patients and 100 controls from the original cohort. From our data it appeared that two proteins, serpin F1 (pigment epithelium‐derived factor) and complement C1 inhibitor are down‐regulated in plasma from AD patients.
Abnormal cytoskeletal protein expression in cultured skin fibroblasts from type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy: A proteomic approach
Authors: Millioni Renato , Iori Elisabetta , Puricelli Lucia , Arrigoni Giorgio , Vedovato Monica , Trevisan Roberto , James Peter , Tiengo Antonio , Tessari Paolo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) develops in about 40% of insulin‐dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, and is associated not only with diabetes duration and metabolic control, but also with a genetic predisposition. Constitutive alterations of cytoskeletal proteins may play a role in the development of DN. We investigated the expression of these proteins in cultured skin fibroblasts, obtained from long‐term T1DM patients with and without DN but comparable metabolic control, and from matched healthy subjects, by means of 2‐DE electrophoresis and MS‐MALDI analyses. In T1DM with DN, compared to the other two groups, quantitative analyses revealed an altered expression of 17 spots (p<0.05–p<0.01), corresponding to 12 unique proteins. In T1DM with DN, beta‐actin and three isoforms of tubulin beta‐2 chain, tropomodulin‐3, and LASP‐1 were decreased, whereas two tubulin beta‐4 chain isoforms, one alpha actinin‐4 isoform, membrane‐organizing extension spike protein (MOESIN), FLJ00279 (corresponding to a fragment of myosin heavy chain, non‐muscle type A), vinculin, a tropomyosin isoform, and the macrophage capping protein were increased. A shift in caldesmon isoforms was also detected. These results demonstrate an association between DN and the constitutive expression of cytoskeleton proteins in cultured skin fibroblasts from T1DM with DN, which may retain pathophysiologycal implications.
Serum autoantibody to sideroflexin 3 as a novel tumor marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Murase Ryuichi , Abe Yasuhito , Takeuchi Takashi , Nabeta Motowo , Imai Yoshinori , Kamei Yoshiaki , Kagawa‐Miki Lisa , Ueda Norifumi , Sumida Tomoki , Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Kito Katusmi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to establish a tumor marker that can be applied for the early detection and follow‐up of oral cancer patients. Employing the proteomic approach using MALDI TOF‐MS, 2‐DE, patient's sera and culturing cell lines, the serum autoantibodies (autoAbs) were screened and the serum levels were estimated by ELISA. Targeting the tumor cell invasion into the surrounding stromal tissues, MRC‐5 human fibroblasts were employed as the target cells and a mitochondrial membrane protein, sideroflexin 3 (SFXN3), was identified. The serum anti‐SFXN3‐autoAb levels elevated in patients with the oral squamous cell carcinoma significantly: with 77% sensitivity and 89% specificity against control samples. The serum anti‐SFXN3‐autoAb levels were mildly correlated with the primary tumor sizes, however, the levels were slightly highly elevated in T1 early cancer. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the SFXN3 protein is expressed in the stromal fibroblasts between the caner nests and also in the basal layer of the squamous epithelium. Changes in the serum anti‐SFXN3‐autoAb levels after therapy correlated with the clinical tumor burden. These findings demonstrated that the serum anti‐SFXN3‐autoAb is worthy of clinical evaluation as a potentially of the novel tumor maker for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Development and prospects of nitride materials and devices with nonpolar surfaces
Authors: Paskova Tanya 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe quest to use nonpolar surfaces of nitride materials and devices started a few years ago with the aim to avoid the strong internal electric fields in active regions of optoelec‐tronic devices and to improve their efficiency. Starting with the growth optimizations, the progression via thorough understanding of new physical properties of the materials has led to significant improvement of device performance and to novel device concepts. In this review a historical survey of nonpolar nitride growth achievements is made. Along the way new challenges in material growth and characterization have been encountered and more sophisticated methods have been developed, which are briefly summarized. The main properties of the nitride materials grown in nonpolar directions are discussed with emphasis on the deviations from those of nitrides grown along the polar direction. Physical phenomena such as inherently present anisotropic in‐plane strain and optical polarization anisotropy have been proposed for the realization of novel polarized light‐emitting diodes, polarization‐sensitive detectors and modulators. The present status of the nitride devices with nonpolar and semipolar surfaces is discussed, and an outlook of the future trends is presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UV irradiation effects on TiO2 thin films
Authors: Fernández‐Rodríguez M. , Rico V. J. , González‐Elipe A. R. , Álvarez‐Herrero A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the behaviour of a standard optical coating to be used in aerospace applications when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Ellipsometric measurements are carried out in order to monitor the effects produced on the optical properties of the TiO2 film when it is exposed to a 500 W Xenon lamp during the time intervals of 1 hour, 22 hours and 42 hours. The ellipsometric measurements show that main changes occur in the real part of the refractive index after the first hour of exposure to UV irradiation. To assess a possible relation between the hydrophilicity that the UV irradiation typically induces on the TiO2 thin film, and the variation of the optical properties of the film, the water contact angle on the TiO2 optical coating was also measured after irradiation under similar conditions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spheroidal coordinate systems for modelling global atmospheres
Authors: White A. A. , Staniforth A. , Wood N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn meteorological dynamics it is common practice to represent the potential surfaces of apparent gravity (the geopotentials) as spheres, and consequently the use of spherical polar coordinates in models of the global atmosphere is widespread. Several writers have considered how oblate spheroidal coordinates might be used instead, thus enabling the Figure of the Earth to be better represented. It is observed here that oblate spheroidal coordinate systems are conventionally defined using confocal oblate spheroids, and that such spheroids are inappropriate representations of the geopotentials because they imply the wrong sign for the latitudinal variation of apparent gravity. Re‐examination of a classical problem of Newtonian gravitation shows that, near the Earth, the geopotentials are to a very good approximation spheroids, but not spheroids of an analytically simple type. However, similar oblate spheroids are a qualitatively correct model of the near‐Earth geopotentials, and are a quantitatively good approximation in so far as Newton's uniform‐density model adequately describes the real Earth. An orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system based on similar oblate spheroids is proposed and examined. © Crown Copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
On the energetics of maximum‐entropy temperature profiles
Authors: Akmaev R. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe problem of determining a maximum‐entropy state in an atmospheric column has different solutions depending on the constraints imposed. As was first shown by J. W. Gibbs, maximization of entropy in a thermally‐isolated, i.e. energy‐conserving, atmosphere yields an isothermal temperature distribution. It has since been argued that conservation of the mass‐weighted integral of potential temperature, or of the column potential enthalpy, is more appropriate for certain dynamical processes. The solution of the maximization problem satisfying this second constraint is quite different: an adiabatic temperature profile.Here, the comparative energetics of entropy maximization is examined in more detail. The main new result is that some exact statements may be formulated as inequalities. It can be rigorously shown, for example, that maximization of entropy under the conservation of potential enthalpy in an initially stable stratification always requires additional energy, and so cannot be accomplished in an isolated layer. Conversely, a temperature profile satisfying the second condition always possesses less entropy than an isothermal state with the same total energy, and so cannot be in thermodynamic equilibrium. Starting with these fundamental results, this paper discusses basic properties, and specific examples, of dynamical processes transporting heat vertically and generating entropy under various constraints, and demonstrates the importance of their physically‐consistent parametrization in atmospheric models. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society