bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air enema reduction versus hydrostatic enema reduction for intussusceptions in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lan , Zhang Ling , Fang Yifan , Yang Yingying , You Wen , Bai Jianxi , Zhang Bing , Xie Siqi , Fang Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness and safety of fluoroscopy-guided air enema reduction (FGAR) and ultrasound-guided hydrostatic enema reduction (UGHR) for the treatment of intussusception in pediatric patients.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on retrospective studies obtained from various databases, including PUBMED, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and VIP Database. The search included publications from January 1, 2003, to March 31, 2023, with the last search done on Jan 15, 2023.

Results
We included 49 randomized controlled studies and retrospective cohort studies involving a total of 9,391 patients, with 4,841 in the UGHR and 4,550 in the FGAR. Specifically, UGHR exhibited a significantly shorter time to reduction (WMD = -4.183, 95% CI = (-5.402, -2.964), P < 0.001), a higher rate of successful reduction (RR = 1.128, 95% CI = (1.099, 1.157), P < 0.001), and a reduced length of hospital stay (WMD = -1.215, 95% CI = (-1.58, -0.85), P < 0.001). Furthermore, UGHR repositioning was associated with a diminished overall complication rate (RR = 0.296, 95% CI = (0.225, 0.389), P < 0.001) and a lowered incidence of perforation (RR = 0.405, 95% CI = (0.244, 0.670), P < 0.001).

Conclusion
UGHR offers the benefits of being non-radioactive, achieving a shorter reduction time, demonstrating a higher success rate in repositioning in particular, resulting in a reduced length of postoperative hospital stay, and yielding a lower overall incidence of postoperative complications, including a reduced risk of associated perforations.
Evaluating population-level interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in healthcare and community settings: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Wu Shishi , Magwood Olivia , Dong Quanfang , Wei Xiaolin 
Published: March 2024

Background
Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes significantly to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. While government-initiated population-level interventions are fundamental in addressing this issue, their full potential remains to be explored. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of such interventions in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use among antibiotic providers and users in healthcare and community settings.

Methods
We will conduct a systematic literature search across multiple databases and grey literature sources. We will include studies which evaluate the effectiveness of population-level interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use in healthcare and community settings in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. This includes government-initiated measures targeting antibiotic use through education, restriction, incentivization, coercion, training, persuasion, context modification, behavior modeling, or barrier reduction. Two reviewers will independently perform screening to select eligible studies, followed by data extraction. The outcomes of interest are various measures of antibiotic prescription and consumption, such as Defined Daily Dose (DDD) or number of prescriptions per year. We anticipate including a broad range of study designs and outcome measures. Therefore, we will narratively synthesize results using the categories of the population-level policy interventions of the Behavior Change Wheel Framework. We will organize outcome data by economic contexts, target populations, and implementation settings.

Discussion
This review will strengthen the evidence base for the use of population-level interventions to address inappropriate antibiotic use. Drawing lessons from global experiences, the findings will provide valuable guidance to health policymakers, public health authorities, and researchers on tailoring interventions to specific economic contexts, populations, and settings, thereby enhancing their capacity to drive substantial improvement in appropriate antibiotic use.
Liquid-liquid flow pattern and mass transfer in a rotating millimeter channel reactor
Authors: Zheng Liang , Qi Yu-Hui , Liao Hai-Long , Zou Hai-Kui , Ouyang Yi , Luo Yong , Chen Jian-Feng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Currently, microchannels are widely used in liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer systems due to its excellent mass transfer performance. However, because of the passive mixing principle of traditional microchannels, the improvement of mass transfer performance has a bottleneck. This work proposes a novel rotating millimeter channel reactor (RMCR), capable of achieving liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer enhance by centrifugal force. Three typical flow patterns of slug flow, parallel-droplet flow, and parallel flow in the RMCR were observed by high-speed photography technology. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K
O
a) of the RMCR increased with the increase of the total volumetric flow rate and rotational speed (N) increased. Compared with N = 0 r/min, the K
O
a of the RMCR increases by 61.5 % at 200 r/min, ranging from 0.013 to 0.021 s−1. The RMCR proposed in this work is expected to be applied to the liquid-liquid heterogeneous mass transfer system with high processing capacity and easy plugging.
Bilingualism-induced language change: what can change, when, and why?
Authors: Hawkins John A. , Filipović Luna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Contact between languages has become increasingly recognized as a major source of historical change, as linguistic properties are introduced from one language into another. Yet contact does not necessarily lead to such changes. In fact, arguably most of the properties that contrast between two languages in contact at a given place and time do not change. This paper argues that historical and contact linguistics should now look more systematically at different kinds of bilingualism rather than contact per se and should incorporate recent sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic findings from this literature, since these can help us understand both when change occurs and when it does not. In this context we build on the general model of bilingualism, CASP (short for “complex adaptive system principles”), proposed by Filipović and Hawkins and explore its predictions for whether and when changes will occur in one or the other language of a bilingual. In the event that the relevant speech community comprises monolinguals in addition to bilinguals, these changes may then spread to the wider community when social and demographic circumstances favor this. The paper gives illustrative data supporting CASP’s predictions for change in both language usage and grammar among bilinguals.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF BERBASIS MICROSOFT SWAY UNTUK KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN MATERI TEKS NONFIKSI SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aulia Abinda Nova 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model Sugiyono yang bertujuan untuk mengembangan, mengkaji, dan menguji media interaktif berbasis microsoft sway untuk kemampuan membaca pemahaman materi teks nonfiksi siswa kelas IV SDN Mangkang Kulon 02. Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kurangnya inovasi penggunaan media pembelajaran yang berbasis IT. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 28 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui: observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan angket. Teknik analisis kelayakan media: angket penilaian validator, tanggapan guru dan siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media layak digunakan dengan memperoleh persentase; ahli materi 90% dan ahli media 88,6%. Media dinyatakan efektif berdasarkan uji paired sample t-test dengan nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05 maka Ha diterima. Uji N-gain memperoleh nilai 0,80 (tinggi). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peneliti berehasil mengembangkan media interaktif berbasis micorosft sway sesuai dengan karakteristik yang telah didesain, serta layak dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia materi teks nonfiksi kelas IV sekolah dasar.
Abstract
This research is research and development with the Sugiyono model, which aims to develop, study, and test-based interactive media Microsoft Sway for the ability to read comprehension of nonfiction text material for fourth-grade students at SDN Mangkang Kulon 02. This research is motivated by the need for more innovation in using IT-based learning media. The research subjects totaled 28 students. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. Media feasibility analysis techniques: validator assessment questionnaire, teacher and student responses. The research results show that the media is feasible to use by obtaining a % of material experts and 90% of media experts 88.6%. The media is declared effective based on the test paired sample t-test with a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 <0.05, then Ha is accepted. At the same time, the N-test gain obtained a value of 0.80 (high). So, the researcher succeeded in developing interactive media based on Microsoft sway following the characteristics that have been designed, as well as appropriate and effective for use in learning Indonesian nonfiction text material for grade IV elementary schools.
KEEFEKTIFAN ALAT MUSIK HADROH BERBANTUAN METODE DRILL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN RITMIS SISWA
Authors: Nanda Yossy Eka 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji keefektifan penggunaan alat musik hadroh sebagai media pembelajaran dengan bantuan metode drill terhadap kemampuan ritmis siswa kelas III SD Islam Al-Hilal Kartasura. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan non-equivalent control group sebagai desain penelitiannya. Hasil pengujian hipotesis T-Test menunjukkan bahwa thitung>ttabel yakni 3,143 > 2,011. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan ritmis siswa antara kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan alat musik hadroh berbantuan metode drill daripada media pembelajaran pada kelas kontrol. Hasil uji n-gain kelas eksperimen lebih unggul dan efektif dibandingkan kelas kontrol yaitu sebesar 0,6241 > 0,3342. Kedua hasil n-gain termasuk dalam kriteria “sedang”. Artinya, alat musik hadroh berbantuan metode drill lebih efektif terhadap kemampuan ritmis siswa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pada pembelajaran SBdP seni musik menggunakan alat musik hadroh berbantuan metode drill efektif terhadap kemampuan ritmis siswa kelas III SD Islam Al-Hilal Kartasura.

The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of using hadroh musical instruments as a learning media assisted with the drill method on the rhythmic abilities of grade III students at Al-Hilal Islamic Elementary School, Kartasura. The type of research used is quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group as the research design. The results of testing the T-Test hypothesis show that the tcount>ttable is 3.143 > 2.011. These results show that there are differences in students' rhythmic abilities between the experimental class which uses hadroh musical instruments assisted by the drill method compared to the learning media in the control class. The n-gain test results for the experimental class were superior and effective than the control class is 0.6241>0.3342. Both n-gain results are categorized as “medium”. This means that the hadroh musical instrument assisted by the drill method is more effective on students' rhythmic abilities. The conclusion of this research is that SBdP learning the art of music using hadroh musical instruments assisted by the drill method is effective for the rhythmic abilities of grade III students at Al-Hilal Islamic Elementary School, Kartasura.
Insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of schistosomiasis
Authors: Ponzo Elena , Midiri Angelina , Manno Andrea , Pastorello Martina , Biondo Carmelo , Mancuso Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that is prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. There are five human pathogenic species, of which Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum are the most prevalent worldwide and cause the greatest burden of disease in terms of mortality and morbidity. In addition, hybrid schistosomes have been identified through molecular analysis. Human infection occurs when cercariae, the larval form of the parasite, penetrate the skin of people while bathing in contaminated waters such as lakes and rivers. Schistosomiasis can cause both urogenital and intestinal symptoms. Urogenital symptoms include haematuria, bladder fibrosis, kidney damage, and an increased risk of bladder cancer. Intestinal symptoms may include abdominal pain, sometimes accompanied by diarrhoea and blood in the stool. Schistosomiasis affects more than 250 million people and causes approximately 70 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), mainly in Africa, South America, and Asia. To control infection, it is essential to establish sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for epidemiological surveillance and morbidity reduction. This review provides an overview of schistosomiasis, with a focus on available diagnostic tools for Schistosoma spp. Current molecular detection methods and progress in the development of new diagnostics for schistosomiasis infection are also discussed.
All children who experience epileptic falls do not necessarily have Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome… but many do
Authors: Arzimanoglou Alexis , Resnick Trevor 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTLennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe, chronic, epileptic encephalopathy, primarily with childhood onset, which is characterised by a triad of features: multiple seizure types, including tonic seizures that may appear late in the course of the disorder; abnormal EEG features with slow spike‐wave discharges; and cognitive impairment. Recognition of LGS is problematic, since the seizure types and EEG features that characterise it are not pathognomonic and often change over time. Furthermore, although seizures associated with LGS may occur de novo, the appearance of core LGS seizures may be preceded by prolonged periods of other seizure types, including myoclonic seizures, partial seizures, or infantile spasms. This has led some authors to postulate that a continuum between LGS and other types of childhood epilepsy may exist. Accurate diagnosis requires careful assessment of both clinical and EEG features, in order to distinguish LGS from other childhood epilepsy syndromes, such as atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood, Dravet syndrome or epilepsies with predominantly myoclonic‐astatic seizures. Since there is no biological marker that can be used to confirm diagnosis of LGS and because of the multiple aetiologies that could lead to its development, early referral to a specialist team may prove to be crucial for facilitating both diagnosis and management. Such an approach ensures that patients receive the appropriate treatment at the correct time, providing the best opportunity for the clinical course and overall prognosis to be improved. Effective management of LGS requires regular reappraisal of the evolving symptoms and features, and adjustment of the treatment accordingly.
An engineering perspective on transcription, translation and their regulation
Authors: Smieja Jaroslaw 
Published: March 2024

Information coded in DNA is replicated, modified and transmitted from the origins of protein-based life. Analogies of these processes to information processing, transmission and storage in computer systems is straightforward and can be utilized both in analysis of biological data and in development of biologically based technical systems. Transcription and translation processes are regulated by extremely complex regulatory networks, providing control of cell growth, cell cycle and cellular responses to stress. As such, they constitute engineering control systems exerting their actions at many levels of time scale and spatial organization. This work presents an engineering perspective on DNA-related information processing and biochemical process control in living cells, followed by a review of two-way crosstalk between engineering and biology.
Um ærgistaðir og ærgitoftir
Authors: Dahl Sverri 
Published: March 2024

In 1956 Professor Chr. Matras demonstrated the former use of shielings in the Faroes, based on the occurrence of the element ærgi, Old Irish airge in Faroese place-names5. The philological discovery was followed by archaeological recordíng and excavation, and in this paper identified and still unidentified remains of shielings are surveyed (fig. 1) and the excavation of a site in Ergidalur at Hov in Suðuroy is described.
To the left of the brook on fig. 2 an enclosure for the cattle — still unexcavated — is shown. To the right is the site of the house, fig. 3., from where the brook was crossed by a bridge. The house is 5.3 X 3.5 m inside and is divided by a secondary partition wall. Of dating evidence remains of clay bowls of Viking Age character are mentioned.
The vegetation of grass roofs in the Faroe Islands and the surrounding grassland vegetation – a study from Sandoy
Authors: McMullen J. Andy , Edwards Kevin J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vegetation samples were taken from grass roofs on buildings in Húsavík and Sandur, on the island of Sandoy, in order to determine the factors responsible for the low species diversity of the roof turfs. The variables of slope, aspect and grazing were also measured and in combination with statistical analyses of the data by detrended correspondence analysis, correlation anda measure of species richness, three different hypotheses for the low species diversity of the roof turfs were explored relating to summer drought, grazing and the deliberate selection of turfs. The data collected do not support the last two hypotheses, although the affect of summer drought on the vegetation can only be determined experimentally.
Úrtak
Ein roynd varð gjørd at kanna orsøkina til, at margfeldið av sløgum á flagtekjum er so lítið. Sýni vórðu tikin av gróðri á flagtekjum í Húsavík og heima á Sandi. Mált varð, hvussu ymist bitið og hallið var – bæði hvussu brøtt tekjan var og í hvørja ætt hon helti. Saman við hagfrøðiligari greining av dátunum við frábregðandi samsvarsgreining (detrended correspondenceanalysis), samanfalli og máti av slagríkidømi vórðu trý ymisk hugsanarstøði fyri tað lága margfeldið av sløgum rannsakað, og varð hetta gjørt í mun til skerping á sumri, bit og slag av flagi. Savnaðu dáturnar stuðla ikki tvey tey seinastu hugsanarstøðini, hóast ávirkanin av skerpingi bert kann verða avgjørd við royndum.
Oxyuris spp. Infection in Green Iguana (Iguana iguana) Under Different Cage Types
Authors: Kusumarini Shelly , Rafi Dzakir Ghalib  , Garvasilus Privantio Tegar Virgiawan Huler  , Reza Yesica  , Nanis Nurhidayah  , Haris Muhamad  , Nuha Fairusya  
Published: March 2024

The caging system becomes one of the most crucial points in the green iguana (Iguana iguana) husbandry practice since some pathogens are transmitted through ingesting contaminated feed or water in the cage. One of the most common health problems in the green iguana is caused by infection of the gastrointestinal nematode (GIN), Oxyuris spp. Here, we conducted a study to identify Oxyuris spp. infection in the green iguana under different cage types in Malang Raya, East Java. A total of 40 fecal samples were collected and examined through flotation and modified McMaster techniques from three cage types, namely loose cage / extensive (n= 7), terrarium (n= 13), and iron-based cage (n= 20). The results showed that all green iguanas are infected with Oxyuris spp. (40/40 or 100 % prevalence). The highest mean egg per gram (EPG) was found in the green iguana which kept in a loose cage / extensive (mean EPG [CI 95 %] = 14 799.21 [14 442.05 – 15 156.37]), followed by terrarium (mean EPG [CI 95 %] = 8 763.80 [8 436.30 – 9 091.30]), and iron-based cage (mean EPG [CI 95 %] = 1 433.42 [1 303.79 – 1 563.05], respectively. At the same time, there is a significant relationship (P<0,05) between the type of cage and the infection rate of Oxyuris spp. According to this result, we recommend an iron-based cage with routine daily cleaning as prevention for Oxyuris spp. infection among the green iguana.
Spermiogramic parameters of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) to aqueous administration of egg lime molasses mixture
Authors: Akintunde Adeyinka Oye , Ndubuisi-Ogbonna Lois Chidinma , Ladele Mofiyinfoluwa M. , Olorunfemi Oladapo Ayodeji , Ojo Olayinka Abosede , Oyewumi Samson O. , Bolatito Adenike Shobo  , Olufunso Emmanuel Akinboye  
Published: March 2024

As demand for animal protein rises, raising Japanese quail holds much potentials in bridging the gap. Phytogenics has been reported to have effect on spermiogramic parameters of animals. This research was done to ascertain the spermiogramic parameters of Japanese quails to administration of aqueous solution of egg lime molasses mixture (ELM). Fresh eggs were placed in a dish, followed by 500g of molasses and 1 liter of lime juice. It was then covered for 10 days and the entire mixture was blended. Two hundred day old Japanese quails were assigned to five treatments in a Completely Randomized Design and were subdivided into 4 replicates of 10 birds each. The control (T1) having no administration of ELM, T2 had an inclusion level of 10 mL, T3: 20 mL, T4: 30 mL and T5: 40 mL, all in 500 mL of water. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The study was carried out for 49 days. Data were collected on genitalia morphometry and fertilizing potentials. The birds administered 20 mL of ELM had significantly (p <0.05) higher left epididymis weight (0.36 ± 0.05g) compared to the other groups. The inclusion of ELM in the water significantly influenced (p <0.05) left epididymis volume, paired epididymis volume, left epididymis density, paired epididymis density and spermatozoa reserves in the right epididymis. Testosterone values significantly increased (p <0.05) with increased ELM inclusion. It can be concluded that the administration of ELM did not alter growth parameters however birds that received 20 mL per 500 mL of water had the best reproductive parameters.
Retained placenta in dairy cows living in an all-day cowshed rearing system
Authors: Sayi Datur Rohmah  , Hermin Ratnani  , Sunaryo Hadi Warsito  , Rimayanti Rimayanti  , Sri Pantja Madyawati  , Sri Mulyati  , Abdullah Hasib  
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors that influence the incidence of retained placenta in dairy cows reared under an all-day cowshed housing system at KUD Tani Wilis, Sendang District, Tulungagung. This study used 216 dairy cows, that had already calved, that had been identified to have medical and reproductive records for data exploration. Data collected included the sex and weight of calf, single or twin calves, age of the dam, cowshed structure (floor, puddles on the floor, gutter, distance of cowshed to waste disposal, type of floor and roof, and sunlight exposure), feed of the dam (forage, concentrate, mineral supplements), frequency of retained placenta cases on calving intervals and days open of the dams. The prevalence of retained placenta was presented descriptively. Factors related to the retained placenta and its effect on calving interval and days open were analyzed by Chi-square test using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) software version 20 for Windows. The result showed that the prevalence rate of retained placenta was 19.91% of all dairy cow populations in the district. Furthermore, the sex of the calf, age of the dam, sunlight exposure, and the quantity of feed (forage and concentrate) were related to the retained placenta (p <0.05). In addition, retained placenta increased along with extending of days open and calving interval. It could be concluded that the factors that influenced the prevalence of retained placenta were the sex of the calf, the age of the cow, the feed and concentrate, and the cowshed that is not facing the sun.