bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiotherapy of the resected mandible following stainless steel plate fixation
Authors: Scher N. , Poe D. , Kuchnir F. , Reft C. , Weichselbaum R. , Panje W. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThere is general concern among otolaryngologists that irradiation of a stainless steel prosthesis used in mandibular reconstruction may cause irradiation overdosage to adjacent tissues.A tissue‐equivalent plastic/steel model, simulating the characteristics of a stainless steel, reconstructed mandible, was irradiated and measurements were made with a parallel plate ionization chamber.The results of our measurements show that irradiation of an implanted steel plate results in an overdosage (120%) “in front” and an underdosage (80%) “behind” the steel plate.The regions of overdosage and underdosage are 2 to 3 mm thick. The overall dose modification is greatly reduced when two opposing fields are used. We conclude that irradiation of a stainless steel, reconstructed mandible with a 6‐mV photon beam through opposing fields does not significantly alter the amount of radiation delivered to surrounding tissues.
Radiation therapy for carcinoma of the hypopharynx with special reference to nodal control
Authors: Teshima Teruki , Inoue Toshihiko , Chatani Masashi , Miyahara Hiroshi , Satot Takeo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom October 1977 through December 1983, 61 patients with carcinoma of the hypopharynx were treated with radiation therapy (RT) and surgery or with RT alone. Five‐year survival rates by N‐stage, according to the TNM classification by UICC (1978), were 52% for NO cases, 23% for N1, and 17% for N2–3 (N1 us. N2–3, not significant). For N1–3 cases, corresponding figures by level of cervical nodal involvement by UICC (1978) were 29% for level 3 cases, 15% for level 2, and 8% for level 4 (level 3 vs. level 4, p < 0.04). Therefore, the level of cervical nodal involvement was a more useful prognosticator for patients with nodal metastasis than the N‐stage. Effective nodal control for patients with clinically positive nodes (N1–3) was obtained with a combination of neck node dissection and RT of 50 Gy or more. For NO cases, elective RT of 50 Gy or more, encompassing an adequate field, was required.
Dopamine in paragangliomas of the glomus jugulare
Authors: Azzarelli Biagio , Muller Jans , Miyamoto Richard , Purvin Valerie , Felten Suzanne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGlomus jugulare tumors have the ability to synthesize, store, and secrete biogenic amines. Although the majority of these tumors remain endocrinologically silent, on rare occasions they present either as a pheochromocytoma or with a carcinoid syndrome. We report a 20‐year‐old male with two intracranial tumors: an intrasellar neoplasm and a glomus jugulare tumor. Catecholamine catabolites in the urine were not increased, and blood pressure was always normal. The pituitary tumor was an adenoma, immunostaining positive for prolactin. The second patient, a 29‐year‐old hypertensive male, with a glomus jugulare tumor, had increased vanillylmandelic‐acid excretion. In both cases, the paraganglioma tumor cells contained numerous dense‐core vesicles (125 to 380 nm in diameter) in electron microscopy, and showed intense fluorescence by the sucrose‐potassium phosphate‐glyoxylic acid method. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography and microspectrofluorometry we were able to establish the presence of large amounts of dopamine in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells.
Thyeoid cartilage flap reconstruction of the larynx following vertical partial laryngectomy: An interim report
Authors: Burgess Lawrence P. A. , Yim Donald W. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA supraglottic thyroid cartilage flap was used to reconstruct vertical partial laryngectomy defects in seven patients, including three radiation failures. Local control was maintained in six of seven patients, with one radiation failure recurring in the subglottis and anterior neck skin. Reconstructively, the radiation failures healed more slowly, but all patients were decannulated in 1 to 4 weeks with normal deglutition.The majority of the ipsilateral arytenoid was preserved in two patients. In the first case, the thyroid cartilage flap was shortened and sutured to the cut surface of the arytenoid. This patient later developed laryngeal stenosis. In the second case, a muscle flap was used to reconstruct the cord, and the thyroid cartilage flap was used externally. This was successful, and we prefer this modification of the Bailey procedure when the arytenoid is preserved.
The use of fibrin glue for the repair of experimental csf rhinorrhea
Authors: Nishihira Shigeki , Mccaffrey Thomas V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSurgical repair of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea requires the production of a seal able to resist cerebrospinal fluid pressure during the period of healing. Direct suturing, packing with muscle and fat grafts, and coverage with mucosal or muscle flaps have been effective in repairing most CSF leaks. Fibrin glue may enhance the results of a CSF leak repair by providing better adhesion of the graft and improving the initial seal during healing. A study was performed on 36 rats to assess the effectiveness of fibrin glue in repairing experimentally produced CSF leaks. CSF rhinorrhea was produced by creating a defect in the anterior cranial fossa through the region of the cribriform plate. There were four treatment groups: 1. no treatment control; 2. fibrin adhesive alone; 3. muscle packing alone; and 4. fibrin glue with muscle packing. The CSF leaks were evaluated 3 weeks after operation. Persistent CSF leakage was noted in 89% of group 1, 55% of group 2, 33% of group 3, and 22% of group 4. The reduced CSF leakage in the muscle plus fibrin glue group suggests that fibrin glue, by its adhesive sealing properties, enhances the results of muscle packing alone for the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
Motor‐evoked potentials of tongue musculature in dogs
Authors: Estrem Scott A. , Haghighi Siavash , Levy Walter J. , Wertheimer Richard , Kendall Mary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTranscranial brain stimulation by either electrical or noninvasive magnetic stimulation has produced motor responses of limb musculature. However, recordings from muscles innervated by cranial nerves have not previously been reported.A right‐sided craniotomy was performed in 18 dogs. An electric stimulus was delivered to the motor cortex via surface electrodes and evoked EMG responses were recorded from the tongue musculature to determine conduction time.Magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex yielded EMG latencies similar to those obtained by electrical direct cortical stimulation, thus demonstrating the potential of magnetic stimulation in intraoperative and outpatient clinical evaluation of hypoglossal nerve disorders. For the first time, it appears possible to noninvasively stimulate the cranial nerves proximal to the point of injury and to evaluate more central conduction pathways.
Evaluation of noninvasive eustachian tube function tests in normal adults
Authors: Mcbride Timothy P. , Derkay Craig S. , Cunningham Michael J. , Doyle William J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA causal association between eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction and otitis media (OM) has been documented. We present normative data for eustachian tube function (ETF) in an otologically normal population of 107 college‐age subjects using two noninvasive methods: nine‐step tympanometric testing and sonotubometry. The results show a 78% agreement between the two methods when one test session was performed. The nine‐step test showed a 52% repeatability rate on three sequential test sessions while the sonotubometry test showed a 34% repeatability rate. The combined tests showed a 34% agreement for the three sequential tests.The findings reveal that the combination of the two tests identify 96% of normal subjects as having at least some tubal function present. Although both tests provide similar information regarding the presence of tubal opening, the sonotubometry method is more physiologic. Additional information shows that the average category of the nine‐step test in a normal population was category 2, the mean duration of tubal dilation was 0.40 seconds, and the mean middle‐ear pressure was ‐12 mm H2O.
Variability of the thymidine labeling index in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Greenberg Bernard , Woo Linda , Blatchford Steven , Aguirre Maria , Garewal Harinder 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTritiated thymidine (3HTdR) labeling is the standard technique for determining the kinetic activity of tumors. This method has been used to label multiple sections of tumor specimens obtained from seven patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Considerable variability was observed in the labeling index in different sites from the same specimen. To reduce the large sampling error due to heterogeneity, we recommend that an average value be determined from multiple sections when employing this technique.
Endolymphatic sac surgery in congenital malformations of the inner ear
Authors: Jackler Robert K. , Luxford William M. , Brackmann Derald E. , Monsell Edwin M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective analysis of 40 patients (49 ears) with congenital progressive sensorineural hearing loss who underwent endolymphatic sac surgery was performed. The inner ears were radiographically abnormal in 57% of operated ears. In the remaining cases, subtle malformations beyond the resolving power of radiographic studies were suspected. Early postsurgical hearing loss (defined as a loss >10 dB in three‐tone average or >15% in speech discrimination score) was found in 29% of operated ears (14/49). However, only two of these patients lost all of their residual hearing postoperatively (2/49 or 4%). An enlarged endolymphatic sac was noted at surgery in 50% of those with significant postoperative hearing losses. Longer‐term stability of hearing was assessed in 22 patients with bilateral inner‐ear pathology who underwent surgery on one side only. A comparison of the hearing fate of the operated and nonoperated ears suggested no benefit from the surgical intervention when compared to the natural history of the disease. Based upon this experience, endolymphatic sac surgery for the purpose of hearing stabilization in patients with congenital malformations of the inner ear is no longer recommended.
Histopathology of the facial nerve after longitudinal temporal bone fracture
Authors: Eby Thomas L. , Pollak Anita , Fischy Ugo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe temporal bone histopathology in a patient who suffered repeated head trauma and a longitudinal temporal bone fracture shows unusual features associated with the facial nerve. In the distal meatal segment, a type of traumatic neuroma was found with disorganized nerve bundles and distinct areas of Schwann's cell proliferation but lacking fibrosis. Periosteal new bone formation in the labyrinthine segment narrows the fallopian canal and protrudes into the nerve, which completely fills the canal. The tympanic and mastoid segments of the nerve show severe degeneration of nerve fibers and an increase in connective tissue between fascicles. An attempted facial nerve decompression did not reach the area of primary pathology in the labyrinthine and meatal segments of the nerve, which could have been exposed by the transtemporal supralabyrinthine approach.
Long‐term airway sequelae in a pediatric burn population
Authors: Calhoun Karen H. , Deskin Ronald W. , Garza Carlos , Mccracken Melinda M. , Nichols Ray J. , Hokanson James A. , Herndon David N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAll admissions to the Shriner's Burn Institute in Galveston over a 5‐year period were reviewed. One hundred of 1,092 patients admitted (92%) required airway support (endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy) for more than 24 hours. All clinical variables relating to general presentation and airway care were tabulated. Children who required open airway operations for resolution of acquired airway defects were analyzed separately. No predictive factors could be identified. Guidelines for optimal airway management in the burned child are reviewed.
Topical vital staining of human squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice
Authors: Porter William C. , Estrem Scott A. , Bickel John T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractABSTRACT. We propose a method for visually enhancing residual cutaneous carcinoma in excision sites using topical stains. Utilizing nude mice, topical stains were applied to fresh wound beds containing partially resected human squamous cell carcinoma xenografts. Fifteen of 18 tumors were visually enhanced using topical 1% acridine orange and ultraviolet light, while none of the seven tumors stained with 0.25% dihematoporphyrin ether and ultraviolet light were enhanced. Of the stains tested, only acridine orange proved to visually enhance tumor tissue in a fresh wound bed. This study establishes the concept of direct wound staining as an aid in the excision of cutaneous cancers.
Vagaries of thyroglossal duct cysts
Authors: Topf Paul , Fried Marvin P. , Strome Marshall 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital cyst found in the neck, classically presenting as a paramidline mass in a healthy young adult. Fifty‐three cases managed at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston's Beth Israel Hospital over the past 10 years were reviewed. The unique presentation of papillary adenocarcinoma in TGDCs and findings in the elderly population are discussed. These cases represent both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The existing literature is correlated with our data, providing a treatise on management.
Effects of laser irradiation on immature olfactory neuroepithelial explants from the rat
Authors: Mester Andrew F. , Snow James B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe photobiological effect of low‐output laser irradiation on the maturation and regeneration of immature olfactory bipolar receptor cells of the rat was studied. The maturation and regeneration of the receptor cells of rat fetuses were quantified in neuroepithelial explants with morphometric analysis. The number of explants with outgrowth and the number and length of neuritic outgrowths were determined on a regular basis for 12 days. Explants in the experimental group were irradiated with a helium‐neon laser using different incident energy densities (IED). Explants in the fluorescent light control group were exposed to fluorescent light for the same periods of time as those in the experimental group were exposed to laser irradiation. Explants in another control group were not exposed to laser or fluorescent light irradiation. The IED of 0.5 J/cm2 laser irradiation has been found to increase significantly the number of explants with outgrowth and the number and length of the outgrowths. Other laser IEDs or fluorescent light irradiation did not influence maturation or regeneration.
Head and neck cancer associated with bloom's syndrome
Authors: Berkower Alan S. , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBloom's syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive growth disorder associated with chromosomal breaks and rearrangements. Affected individuals exhibit a significantly elevated rate of cancer at an early age. Twenty‐seven percent of patients with BS have malignant neoplasms at a mean age of 20.7 years.Since the first description of BS in 1954, five cases of primary head and neck cancer have been identified in the first 103 patients, including two tongue carcinomas and three laryngeal carcinomas. The patients ranged in age from 26 to 34 and included smokers and nonsmokers. The presenting symptoms and histology were identical with those of non‐Bloom's syndrome patients.Head and neck cancer represents approximately 6% of all human tumors. This is in contrast with an 18% incidence rate of head and neck cancer among all cancers observed in BS patients. The head and neck surgeon should consider BS in the differential diagnosis of young cancer patients.
Carcinoma of the cervical esophagus treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Vogel Stephen B. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Million Rodney R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis is an analysis of 34 patients with carcinoma of the cervical esophagus treated with radiation therapy with curative intent at the University of Florida between September 1966 and May 1985. All patients have a minimum 2‐year follow‐up and 28 (82%) have at least 5 years of follow‐up. Patients were staged according to the recommendations of the AJCC. Patients who died within 2 years of treatment with the primary site continuously disease‐free were excluded from the local control analysis; all patients were included in the analysis of complications and survival. Irradiation resulted in control of the primary lesion in 1 of 2 patients who presented with T1 lesions, in 4 of the 12 patients with T2 lesions, and 3 of 17 patients who presented with T3 lesions. One patient with a T3 lesion that recurred locally was successfully salvaged by an operation. The 5‐year absolute survival rates by stage were as follows: no patients with stage I lesions survived; of 11 stage II patients, one survived; and of 16 stage HI patients, three survived. Interestingly, all four of the 5‐year survivors were women.
Herpes zoster oticus: Treatment with intravenous acyclovir
Authors: Dickins John R. E. , Smith J. Thomas , Graham Sharon S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHerpes zoster oticus generally has a poor prognosis, leaving many patients with permanent facial nerve dysfunction. This preliminary report describes results in seven patients treated for zoster; all were given intravenous acyclovir. Patients were infused with 10 mg/kg every 8 hours over a 7‐day hospitalization period. Five of the seven patients showed some return of facial function at the time of discharge. At follow‐up, 4 patients had achieved a House grade I result, 1 patient a grade II, and 2 patients a grade III. Reasons for the differences in final results are discussed, along with a recommended regimen for treatment.
Granular cell tumors of the head and neck
Authors: Alessi David M. , Zimmerman Marilyn C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGranular cell tumors have a predilection to occur in the head and neck. Thirty granular cell tumors have been diagnosed during the past 26 years at UCLA; 13 of which presented in the head and neck. Of these 13 cases, 10 were correctly diagnosed on the primary pathological specimen, which included one fine‐needle aspirate and three frozen sections. Four cases required diagnostic confirmation with electron microscopy or histochemistry. The tongue accounted for more than one third of the cases. Three lesions exhibited locally aggressive behavior, but none of the tumors metastasized. Initial treatment was wide local excision in all but one case; recurrence was noted in two cases. Fine‐needle aspiration can be used to provide preoperative diagnosis of granular cell tumors. Wide local excision with histologically confirmed clear margins provides definitive treatment.
Angiolipoma of the parotid: Case report and review
Authors: Reilly James S. , Kelly David R. , Royal Stuart A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn angiolipoma is a benign adipose tissue tumor that can occur as either a circumscribed or an infiltrating lesion and represents up to 17% of all lipomas. Most angiolipomas occur in teenagers and young adults, and are rarely described in younger children. Angiolipoma generally arises on the extremities or trunk, and it is unusual when found in the head and neck. An angiolipoma of the parotid region was suspected in an infant girl after contrast‐enhanced computerized tomographic scan, and was confirmed when the mass was surgically excised. The clinical characteristics, radiological appearance, and histopathology of angiolipoma are discussed.
Bioactive glass ceramic in ossicular reconstruction: A preliminary report
Authors: Niparko John K. , Kemink John L. , Graham Malcolm D. , Kartush Jack M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrent techniques for ossicular reconstruction include ossicular autografts and homografts, and plastic and ceramic prostheses. Experimental testing of ceramic materials has led to the development of a nonporous, bioactive form of glass ceramic (Ceravital) for tympanoplastic reconstruction. To determine the clinical usefulness of these implants, Ceravital ossicular reconstructions were evaluated in 37 patients treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center during an 18‐month period. Thirty‐two patients (86%) with chronic ear disease underwent Ceravital ossicular reconstruction with tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy. Five other patients (14%) underwent ossicular reconstruction—2 for congenital anomalies, 2 for temporal bone trauma, and 1 patient for glomus tympanicum removal. Patient follow‐up ranged from 2.2 to 3.8 years, with a mean follow‐up period of 2.9 years. Prosthesis extrusion occurred in one case (3%). Mean preoperative and postoperative (2‐year) pure tone air‐bone gaps were 41.6 dB and 21.3 dB, respectively. Hearing was improved in 35 of 37 patients (95%). Postoperative pure tone air‐bone gap was closed to 20 dB or less in 23 patients (62%). Hearing gains were greater with partial rather than total reconstructions (p=0.14) and significantly greater with intact canal wall rather than canal wall down tympanoplasties (p<0.05). Initial results obtained with the Ceravital ossicular prosthesis compare favorably with those obtained using other methods of alloplastic reconstruction. These preliminary data suggest that Ceravital is an effective alternative prosthetic material for ossicular reconstruction.
Vocal cord mobilization by posterior laryngoplasty
Authors: Jarrard Goodwin W. , Isaacson Glenn , Cameron Kirchner J. , Sasaki Clarence T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaryngeal obstruction due to fixation of the vocal cords by scar tissue in the posterior commissure is a serious complication of endotracheal intubation. Until recently, operative procedures, including unilateral arytenoidectomy, were recommended for the relief of such obstruction. Because arytenoidectomy adversely affects voice quality, alternative procedures designed to open the airway by restoring vocal cord mobility have been attempted with some success.We report our experience with six consecutive patients, five of whom had previously required tracheotomy for relief of airway obstruction from posterior glottic stenosis. In all patients, the operative procedure included a midline thyrotomy, excision of the posterior commissure scar tissue, and stenting. Vocal cord motion returned to normal or near normal in all six patients, and all have been decannulated. Subjective evaluation of voice quality was the same or improved postoperatively.Our experience suggests that restoration of an adequate airway in patients with posterior glottic stenosis can be achieved without sacrificing an arytenoid cartilage and voice quality.
Cisplatin ototoxicity in guinea pigs with special reference to toxic effects in the stria vascularis
Authors: Kohn Sarah , Pratt Hillel , Robinson Eliezer , Nir Izhak , Fradis Milo , Podoshin Ludwig , Zidan Jamal 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe toxic effects of cisplatin (cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum [II]) on the organ of Corti are well established. Few and conflicting data on this drug's effects on the stria vascularis exist. The present study presents animal experiments on the toxic effects of cisplatin in the stria vascularis and in the organ of Corti. Cisplatin‐induced toxicity in albino and pigmented guinea pigs was evaluated morphologically and functionally, using light and transmission electron microscopy as well as auditory brainstem‐evoked potentials on the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis. The results showed variability in hearing thresholds, ranging from no change to hearing loss of 30 dB, and prominent damage in the organ of Corti and in the stria vascularis. The toxic effects to both the organ of Corti and the stria vascularis should be considered when cisplatin is used in chemotherapy.