bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GPT-agents based on medical guidelines can improve the responsiveness and explainability of outcomes for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation
Authors: Zhenzhu Li , Jingfeng Zhang , Wei Zhou , Jianjun Zheng , Yinshui Xia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explored the application of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) agents based on medical guidelines using large language model (LLM) technology for traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation-related questions. To assess the effectiveness of multiple agents (GPT-agents) created using GPT-4, a comparison was conducted using direct GPT-4 as the control group (GPT-4). The GPT-agents comprised multiple agents with distinct functions, including “Medical Guideline Classification”, “Question Retrieval”, “Matching Evaluation”, “Intelligent Question Answering (QA)”, and “Results Evaluation and Source Citation”. Brain rehabilitation questions were selected from the doctor-patient Q&A database for assessment. The primary endpoint was a better answer. The secondary endpoints were accuracy, completeness, explainability, and empathy. Thirty questions were answered; overall GPT-agents took substantially longer and more words to respond than GPT-4 (time: 54.05 vs. 9.66 s, words: 371 vs. 57). However, GPT-agents provided superior answers in more cases compared to GPT-4 (66.7 vs. 33.3%). GPT-Agents surpassed GPT-4 in accuracy evaluation (3.8 ± 1.02 vs. 3.2 ± 0.96, p = 0.0234). No difference in incomplete answers was found (2 ± 0.87 vs. 1.7 ± 0.79, p = 0.213). However, in terms of explainability (2.79 ± 0.45 vs. 07 ± 0.52, p < 0.001) and empathy (2.63 ± 0.57 vs. 1.08 ± 0.51, p < 0.001) evaluation, the GPT-agents performed notably better. Based on medical guidelines, GPT-agents enhanced the accuracy and empathy of responses to TBI rehabilitation questions. This study provides guideline references and demonstrates improved clinical explainability. However, further validation through multicenter trials in a clinical setting is necessary. This study offers practical insights and establishes groundwork for the potential theoretical integration of LLM-agents medicine.
STUB1 is acetylated by KAT5 and alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through LATS2-YAP-β-catenin axis
Authors: Liu Can , Gui Zhongxuan , An Cheng , Sun Fei , Gao Xiaotian , Ge Shenglin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. This study elucidated the biological function of lysine acetyltransferase 5 (KAT5) in cardiomyocyte pyroptosis during MIRI. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and left anterior descending coronary artery ligation were used to establish MIRI models. Here we show, KAT5 and STIP1 homology and U-box-containing protein 1 (STUB1) were downregulated, while large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) was upregulated in MIRI models. KAT5/STUB1 overexpression or LATS2 silencing repressed cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. Mechanistically, KAT5 promoted STUB1 transcription via acetylation modulation, and subsequently caused ubiquitination and degradation of LATS2, which activated YAP/β-catenin pathway. Notably, the inhibitory effect of STUB1 overexpression on cardiomyocyte pyroptosis was abolished by LATS2 overexpression or KAT5 depletion. Our findings suggest that KAT5 overexpression inhibits NLRP3-mediated cardiomyocyte pyroptosis to relieve MIRI through modulation of STUB1/LATS2/YAP/β-catenin axis, providing a potential therapeutic target for MIRI.
Cortical alterations associated with lower response to methylphenidate in adults with ADHD
Authors: Parlatini V. , Andrews D. S. , Pretzsch C. M. , Arenella M. , Daly E. , Ecker C. , Murphy D. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeurodevelopmental conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vary among individuals. For instance, variation exists in clinical response to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment, especially in adults, but the biological basis of this variability is poorly understood. In this longitudinal structural imaging study, we showed that pre-treatment neuroanatomical measures were associated with response to MPH at two months in 60 adults with ADHD. We compared anatomy with that of 23 controls and examined whether differences were enriched for genes linked to MPH dynamics and brain cells. Individuals with ADHD differed from controls in cortical volume and thickness, predominantly in temporo-parietal regions. Treatment non-responders differed from responders and controls in fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital regions and such differences were associated with reduced improvement on inattentive symptoms. These novel findings suggest that variation in neuroanatomy is associated with varying treatment responses. Group differences in cortical thickness were enriched for biologically plausible genes, including those supporting noradrenaline transport, a target of MPH.
Impact of an International Training on Interventionists' Expertise in Cleft Palate Speech: Results From Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Crowley Catherine J. , Yanowitch David , Baigorri Miriam , Hwang Kyung Hae , Cordero Kelly Nett , Gonzalez Alejandro , Goes Mariane , Bohórquez Diana , Sierra Nicholas , Zavaleta Socorro Grijalva , Levy Erika S. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
International cleft lip and palate surgical charities recognize that speech therapy is essential for successful care of individuals after palate repair. The challenge is how to ensure that cleft speech interventionists (i.e., speech-language pathologists and other speech therapy providers) provide quality care. This exploratory study investigated effects of a two-stage cleft training in Oaxaca, Mexico, aimed at preparing speech interventionists to provide research-based services to individuals born with cleft palate. Changes in the interventionists' content knowledge and clinical skills were examined.

Method:
Twenty-three cleft speech interventionists from Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua participated in a hybrid two-stage training, completing an online Spanish cleft speech course and a 5-day in-person training in Oaxaca. In-person training included a didactic component and supervised clinical practice with 14 individuals with repaired cleft palates. Testing of interventionists' content knowledge and clinical skills via questionnaires occurred before the online course (Test 1), immediately before in-person training (Test 2), and immediately after in-person training (Test 3). Qualitative data on experience/practice were also collected.

Results:
Significant increases in interventionists' overall content knowledge and clinical skills were found posttraining. Knowledge and clinical skills increased significantly between Tests 1 and 2. Clinical skills, but not knowledge, showed further significant increases between Tests 2 and 3. Posttraining, interventionists demonstrated greater expertise in research-based treatment, and fewer reported they would use nonspeech oral motor exercises (NSOME).

Conclusions:
Findings provide preliminary support for such two-stage international trainings in preparing local speech interventionists to deliver high-quality speech services to individuals born with cleft palate. While content knowledge appears to be acquired primarily from the online course, the two-stage training incorporating in-person supervised practice working with individuals born with cleft palate may best enhance continued clinical skill development, including replacement of NSOME with evidence-based speech treatment. Such trainings contribute to building capacity for sustainable quality services for this population in underresourced regions.
Nuanced Management of a Skull Base Tumor in the Setting of Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jung Geena , Buckner-Wolfson Emery , Tal Adit , Fatemi Ryan , Kim Timothy , Liriano Genesis , Kobets Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involving the central nervous system (CNS) is a significant issue that contributes to both morbidity and mortality. Given the poor outcomes in patients with CNS relapse, understanding how ALL involving intracranial relapse presents and is treated is critical. Here, we present a complex case of relapsed recurrent ALL in a pediatric patient.
Case Report An 11-year-old patient presented with double relapse of ALL in the form of an extensive skull base lesion and again with leptomeningeal disease. For the skull base lesion, she was treated nonsurgically with chemotherapy and radiation, which led to a remarkable reduction in the size of the lesion. However, she was found to have early recurrence with leptomeningeal enhancement resulting in hydrocephalus 5 months after completing therapy. A shunt was placed successfully. Currently, she is being managed with monthly intrathecal chemotherapy with cerebrospinal fluid sampling and bone marrow biopsies every 2 months.
Discussion We report the significant effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in reducing the size of the extensive skull base lesion, saving the patient from the risks associated with surgery. This patient's initial relapse, with a large skull base lesion that had intracranial involvement, is an unusual presentation of relapsed ALL. The additional early recurrence of leptomeningeal disease further makes this case unique and the management even more nuanced. Here, we demonstrate a multidisciplinary approach for the successful treatment of our patient, which can help guide the management of similar patients in the future.
A multi-dimensional analysis of interpreted and non-interpreted English discourses at Chinese and American government press conferences
Authors: Sheng Dandan , Li Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study uses a multidimensional analysis (MDA) proposed by Douglas Biber to investigate the difference in communicative functions between the interpreted and non-interpreted political discourses, based on a comparable corpus of English interpretations of Chinese government press conferences and original English of U.S. government press conferences. The findings show that MDA distinguishes the interpreted from the non-interpreted discourse along several communicative dimensions and that the former is just as persuasive as the latter but has a higher information density and yet a lower degree of involvement, more non-narrative content, higher reference clarity, more abstract information, and a slightly lower degree of information elaboration. These differences can be explained by the nature of the interpretation of government press conferences as an institutional discourse, the interpreting norms, the interpreters’ professional habitus, as well as the working and broadcasting modes of consecutive interpretations in a political setting. MDA used in this study proves its effectiveness in identifying the differences in stylistics and discourse functions between the interpreted and non-interpreted discourse in similar communicative contexts and settings.
Improved accuracy and robustness of electron density profiles from JET’s X-mode frequency-modulated continuous-wave reflectometers
Authors: Morales R. B. , Salmi A. , Abreu P. , Amador C. H. S. , Appel L. , Carman P. , Fessey J. , Flanagan J. , Fontana M. , Frassinetti L. , Giroud C. , Hacquin S. , Heuraux S. , Meneses L. , Ronchi G. , Sabot R. , Silva A. , Sirinelli A. , Szepesi G. , Taylor D. , Terranova D. 
Published: April 2024

JET’s frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) reflectometers have been operating well with the current design since 2005, and density profiles have been automatically calculated intershot since then. However, the calculated profiles had long suffered from several shortcomings: poor agreement with other diagnostics, sometimes inappropriately moving radially by several centimeters, elevated levels of radial jitter, and persistent wriggles (strong unphysical oscillations). In this research, several techniques are applied to the reflectometry data analysis, and the shortcomings are significantly improved. Starting with improving the equilibrium reconstruction that estimates the background magnetic field, adding a ripple correction in the reconstructed magnetic field profile, and adding new inner-wall reflection positions estimated through ray-tracing, these changes not only improve the agreement of reconstructed profiles to other diagnostics but also solve density profile wriggles that were present during band transitions. Other smaller but also persistent wriggles were also suppressed by applying a localized correction to the measured beat frequency where persistent oscillations are present. Finally, the burst analysis method, as introduced by Varela et al. [Nucl. Fusion 46 S693 (2006)], has been implemented to extract the beat frequency from stacked spectrograms. Due to the strong suppression of spurious reflections, the radial jitter that sometimes would span several centimeters has been strongly reduced. The stacking of spectrograms has also been shown to be very useful for stacking recurring events, like small gas puff modulations, and extracting transport coefficients that would otherwise be below the noise level.
Hollow-core fiber loading of nanoparticles into ultra-high vacuum
Authors: Lindner Stefan , Juschitz Paul , Rieser Jakob , Fein Yaakov Y. , Debiossac Maxime , Ciampini Mario A. , Aspelmeyer Markus , Kiesel Nikolai 
Published: April 2024

Many experiments in the field of optical levitation with nanoparticles today are limited by the available technologies for particle loading. Here, we introduce a particle loading method that solves the main challenges, namely deterministic positioning of the particles and clean delivery at ultra-high vacuum levels as required for quantum experiments. We demonstrate the efficient loading, positioning, and repositioning of nanoparticles in the range of 100–755 nm diameter into different lattice sites of a standing wave optical trap, as well as direct loading of 143–365 nm diameter particles into ultra-high vacuum, down to an unprecedented pressure below 10−9 mbar. Our method relies on the transport of nanoparticles within a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber using an optical conveyor belt, which can be precisely positioned with respect to the target trap. Our work opens the path for increasing nanoparticle numbers in the study of multiparticle dynamics and high turn-around times for exploiting the quantum regime of levitated solids in ultra-high vacuum.
Electric charging effects on insulating surfaces in cryogenic liquids
Authors: Korsch Wolfgang , Broering Mark , Timsina Ashok , Leung Kent K. H. , Abney Joshua , Budker Dmitry , Filippone Bradley W. , He Jiachen , Kandu Suman , McCrea Mark , Roy Murchhana , Swank Christopher , Yao Weijun 
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a new technique to study the adsorption and desorption of ions and electrons on insulating surfaces in the presence of strong electric fields in cryoliquids. The experimental design consists of a compact cryostat coupled with a sensitive electro-optical Kerr device to monitor the stability of the electric fields. The behavior of nitrogen and helium ions on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surface was compared to a PMMA surface coated with a mixture of deuterated polystyrene and deuterated polybutadiene. Ion accumulation and removal on these surfaces were unambiguously observed. Within the precision of the data, both surfaces behave similarly for the physisorbed ions. The setup was also used to measure the (quasi-)static dielectric constant of PMMA at T ≈ 70 K. The impact of the ion adsorption on the search for a neutron permanent electric dipole moment in a cryogenic environment, such as the nEDM@SNS experiment, is discussed.
Master equation modeling of blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD) of hydrated peroxycarbonate radical anions
Authors: Salzburger Magdalena , Hütter Michael , van der Linde Christian , Ončák Milan , Beyer Martin K. 
Published: April 2024

Molecular cluster ions, which are stored in an electromagnetic trap under ultra-high vacuum conditions, undergo blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD). This process can be simulated with master equation modeling (MEM), predicting temperature-dependent dissociation rate constants, which are very sensitive to the dissociation energy. We have recently introduced a multiple-well approach for master equation modeling, where several low-lying isomers are taken into account. Here, we experimentally measure the BIRD of CO4●–(H2O)1,2 and model the results with a slightly modified multiple-well MEM. In the experiment, we exclusively observe loss of water from CO4●–(H2O), while the BIRD of CO4●–(H2O)2 leads predominantly to loss of carbon dioxide, with water loss occurring to a lesser extent. The MEM of two competing reactions requires empirical scaling factors for infrared intensities and the sum of states of the loose transition states employed in the calculation of unimolecular rate constants so that the simulated branching ratio matches the experiment. The experimentally derived binding energies are ΔH0(CO4●––H2O) = 45 ± 3 kJ/mol, ΔH0(CO4●–(H2O)–H2O) = 41 ± 3 kJ/mol, and ΔH0(CO2–O2●–(H2O)2) = 37 ± 3 kJ/mol. Quantum chemical calculations on the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ level, corrected for the basis set superposition error, yield binding energies that are 2–5 kJ/mol higher than experiment, within error limits of both experiment and theory. The relative activation energies for the two competing loss channels are as well fully consistent with theory.
Assessment and report of individual symptoms in studies of delirium in postoperative populations: a systematic review
Authors: Bowman Emily M L , Sweeney Aoife M , McAuley Danny F , Cardwell Chris , Kane Joseph , Badawi Nadine , Jahan Nusrat , Iqbal Halla Kiyan , Mitchell Callum , Ballantyne Jessica A , Cunningham Emma L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Delirium is most often reported as present or absent. Patients with symptoms falling short of the diagnostic criteria for delirium fall into ‘no delirium’ or ‘control’ groups. This binary classification neglects individual symptoms and may be hindering identification of the pathophysiology underlying delirium. This systematic review investigates which individual symptoms of delirium are reported by studies of postoperative delirium in adults.

Methods
Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched on 03 June 2021 and 06 April 2023. Two reviewers independently examined titles and abstracts. Each paper was screened in duplicate and conflicting decisions settled by consensus discussion. Data were extracted, qualitatively synthesised and narratively reported. All included studies were quality assessed.

Results
These searches yielded 4,367 results. After title and abstract screening, 694 full-text studies were reviewed, and 62 deemed eligible for inclusion. This review details 11,377 patients including 2,049 patients with delirium. In total, 78 differently described delirium symptoms were reported. The most reported symptoms were inattention (N = 29), disorientation (N = 27), psychomotor agitation/retardation (N = 22), hallucination (N = 22) and memory impairment (N = 18). Notably, psychomotor agitation and hallucinations are not listed in the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-5-Text Revision delirium definition.

Conclusions
The 78 symptoms reported in this systematic review cover domains of attention, awareness, disorientation and other cognitive changes. There is a lack of standardisation of terms, and many recorded symptoms are synonyms of each other. This systematic review provides a library of individual delirium symptoms, which may be used to inform future reporting.
Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poeciliid fish
Authors: Triki Zegni , Zhou Tunhe , Argyriou Elli , Sousa de Novais Edson , Servant Oriane , Kolm Niclas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSome cognitive abilities are suggested to be the result of a complex social life, allowing individuals to achieve higher fitness through advanced strategies. However, most evidence is correlative. Here, we provide an experimental investigation of how group size and composition affect brain and cognitive development in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). For 6 months, we reared sexually mature females in one of 3 social treatments: a small conspecific group of 3 guppies, a large heterospecific group of 3 guppies and 3 splash tetras (Copella arnoldi)—a species that co-occurs with the guppy in the wild, and a large conspecific group of 6 guppies. We then tested the guppies’ performance in self-control (inhibitory control), operant conditioning (associative learning), and cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) tasks. Using X-ray imaging, we measured their brain size and major brain regions. Larger groups of 6 individuals, both conspecific and heterospecific groups, showed better cognitive flexibility than smaller groups but no difference in self-control and operant conditioning tests. Interestingly, while social manipulation had no significant effect on brain morphology, relatively larger telencephalons were associated with better cognitive flexibility. This suggests alternative mechanisms beyond brain region size enabled greater cognitive flexibility in individuals from larger groups. Although there is no clear evidence for the impact on brain morphology, our research shows that living in larger social groups can enhance cognitive flexibility. This indicates that the social environment plays a role in the cognitive development of guppies.
EpiSegMix: a flexible distribution hidden Markov model with duration modeling for chromatin state discovery
Authors: Schmitz Johanna Elena , Aggarwal Nihit , Laufer Lukas , Walter Jörn , Salhab Abdulrahman , Rahmann Sven 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Automated chromatin segmentation based on ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) data reveals insights into the epigenetic regulation of chromatin accessibility. Existing segmentation methods are constrained by simplifying modeling assumptions, which may have a negative impact on the segmentation quality.

Results
We introduce EpiSegMix, a novel segmentation method based on a hidden Markov model with flexible read count distribution types and state duration modeling, allowing for a more flexible modeling of both histone signals and segment lengths. In a comparison with existing tools, ChromHMM, Segway, and EpiCSeg, we show that EpiSegMix is more predictive of cell biology, such as gene expression. Its flexible framework enables it to fit an accurate probabilistic model, which has the potential to increase the biological interpretability of chromatin states.

Availability and implementation
Source code: https://gitlab.com/rahmannlab/episegmix.