bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of mono‐6‐deoxy‐6‐N,N,N′,N′,N′‐pentamethylethylenediammonio‐cyclomaltoheptaose, a single‐isomer, monosubstituted, permanently dicationic β‐CD and its use for enantiomer separations by CE
Authors: Nzeadibe Kingsley , Vigh Gyula 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe dichloride salt of mono‐6‐deoxy‐6‐N,N,N′,N′,N′‐pentamethylethylenediammonio‐cyclomaltoheptaose (PEMEDA‐BCD), the first single‐isomer, monosubstituted, permanently dicationic β‐CD has been synthesized, analytically characterized, and used for the capillary electrophoretic separation of the enantiomers of a group of analytes in acidic and basic BGEs. When the concentration of PEMEDA‐BCD was changed in the BGEs, the resulting effective mobilities of the analytes and the respective separation selectivities followed the predictions of the ionic strength‐corrected charged resolving agent migration model. Good separation selectivities and favorable normalized EOF mobilities allowed for the rapid, efficient separation of the enantiomers of anionic, weak acid and nonionic analytes in the low‐ and/or high‐pH BGEs.
Toxicity of two cisplatin‐based radiochemotherapy regimens for the treatment of patients with stage III/IV head and neck cancer
Authors: Rades Dirk , Fehlauer Fabian , Sheikh‐Sarraf Mashid , Kazic Nadja , Basic Hiba , Poorter Robert , Hakim Samer G. , Schild Steven E. , Dunst Juergen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground.This nonrandomized study compared 2 radiochemotherapy regimens for toxicity in 128 patients with stage III/IV head and neck cancer.Methods.Patients received conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. The total dose to primary tumor and involved lymph nodes did depend on preceding surgery. Patients received 66 to 70 Gy if surgery was not performed, 60 to 66 Gy after R0 resection, 66 Gy after R1 resection, and 70 to 72 Gy after R2 resection. Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of 3 courses cisplatin (100 mg/m2/d1,22,43) (group A, N = 61) or 2 courses cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d1–5 + 29–33)/5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) (600 mg/m2/d1–5 + 29–33) (group B, N = 67).Results.Acute toxicity was more severe in group A, especially nausea/vomiting (p = .002), nephrotoxicity (p = .001), ototoxicity (p = .034), and hematotoxicity (p = .049). Forty‐eight percent of group A and 10% of group B patients could not complete chemotherapy due to toxicity (p = .018). Late toxicity was similar (p = .99).Conclusion.Two courses of fractionated cisplatin (20 mg/m2/d) and 5‐FU were associated with significantly less acute toxicity than were 3 courses cisplatin (100 mg/m2/d). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2008
Partitions of finite vector spaces into subspaces
Authors: El‐Zanati S. I. , Seelinger G. F. , Sissokho P. A. , Spence L. E. , Vanden Eynden C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLet Vn(q) denote a vector space of dimension n over the field with q elements. A set ${\cal P}$ of subspaces of Vn(q) is a partition of Vn(q) if every nonzero element of Vn(q) is contained in exactly one element of ${\cal P}$. Suppose there exists a partition of Vn(q) into xi subspaces of dimension ni, 1 ≤  i ≤  k. Then x1, …, xk satisfy the Diophantine equation $\sum_{i=1}^{k}{(q^{n_i}-1)x_i}=q^n-1$. However, not every solution of the Diophantine equation corresponds to a partition of Vn(q). In this article, we show that there exists a partition of Vn(2) into x subspaces of dimension 3 and y subspaces of dimension 2 if and only if 7x + 3y = 2n − 1 and y ≠  1. In doing so, we introduce techniques useful in constructing further partitions. We also show that partitions of Vn(q) induce uniformly resolvable designs on qn points. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 329–341, 2008
Encapsulation of proteins by Electro Hydro Dynamic Atomization
Authors: Ciach Tomasz 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: Aerosol reactor for Electro Hydro Dynamic Atomization has been used to encapsulate water soluble proteins in poly(ε‐caprolactone). As a raw material w/o emulsion of BSA water solution emulsified in the organic solution of polymer was applied. Stability of the spraying process itself for particles production was investigated. Also raw material emulsion stability has been examined and emulsion stabiliser has been found. Protein release rate from produced particles was determined.
Surface‐Modified Metallic Biomaterials in Contact with Blood and Endothelial Cells
Authors: Walkowiak Bogdan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSummary: The experimental procedures were undertaken in order to characterize of surface‐modified metallic substrates. Results revealed that carbon layers coating the substrates made metallic surface generally more biocompatible and more resistant to biofilm formation. Titanium‐nitride or titanium carbo‐nitride layers on the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) allow for modulation of thrombogenity degree of the surface. Our investigations employed several methods: fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques, SPR‐biosensor technology, 2D‐electrophoresis and flow cytofluorymetry.
Dispersion or concentration for the 1.5 generation? Destination choices of the children of immigrants in the US
Authors: Goodwin‐White Jamie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the determinants of intermetropolitan destination choice between 1995 and 2000 for foreign‐born and 1.5 generation adult children of immigrants in the US. In addition to distance and labour‐force variables, metro‐level measures of immigrant–native wage inequality and immigrant concentration are considered. A competing‐destinations accessibility parameter is included in order to assess the spatial structure of destination choice. Although assimilation theories, especially in their spatial assimilation variant, might suggest that intergenerational social mobility should be connected with spatial dispersion, these models reveal the continuing importance of metro‐ and regional‐scale immigrant concentration for the children of immigrants. When the destination concentration variable is added to reduced‐form models, the positive effect of employment growth declines significantly, indicating that ethnic concentration may continue to be more important for the children of immigrants than more simply framed economic conditions. A comparative origin–destination immigrant–native wage gap measure is also a strongly positive determinant of destination choice, indicating the importance of relative wages in destination choice. Furthermore, the increased model strength and parameter estimates associated with immigrant concentration and a concentration‐weighted accessibility measure suggest that the spatial structure of destination choice has much to do with immigrant concentration at multiple scales – from metro areas to immigrant states and regions. The paper thus suggests more attention to theorising the geographical contexts within which intergenerational immigrant incorporation occurs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size and charge effects on the deposition of Na on Ar clusters
Authors: Dinh P. M. , Fehrer F. , Reinhard P.‐G. , Suraud E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe discuss the dynamical deposition of the Na atom, the Na+ ion and the Na6 cluster on finite Ar clusters mocking up an infinite Ar surface. We analyze the scenario as a function of the projectile initial kinetic energy and of the target cluster size. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Carbohydrase hydrolysis of canola to enhance oil extraction with hexane
Authors: Sosulski K. , Sosulski F. W. , Coxworth E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHydrolysis of three canola cultivars with carbohydrase reduced oil extraction time and increased oil yield. The optimum pretreatment before hexane extraction of oil was flaking, autoclaving, adjustment to 30% seed moisture including 0.12% enzyme concentration (g enzyme protein/100 g flakes), and incubation for 12 hr at 50 C, followed by drying to 4% moisture. Hexane extraction was enhanced by grinding the flakes. The relative order of enzyme efficiency in enhancement of oil extraction was mixed activity enzyme >β‐glucanase>pectinase>hemicellulase>cellulase.
Genetik der Psoriasis
Authors: Reis A. , Hüffmeier U. 
Published: July 2007

Zusammenfassung
Psoriasis ist eine chronische, entzündliche Hauterkrankung mit einer multifaktoriellen Vererbung. Als wichtigster Risikofaktor gilt derzeit das HLA-CW0602-Allel [bzw. ein Faktor in starkem LD („linkage disequilibrium“)], das insbesondere für die frühere Manifestationsform (< 40. Lebensjahr) prädisponiert und u. a. einen Einfluss auf die Schwere des Verlaufs hat. Durch genomweite Kopplungsanalysen konnten bisher 11 weitere Suszeptibilitätsloci, jedoch nur wenige Kandidatengene identifiziert werden, alle mit vergleichsweise geringem relativem Risiko (Odds-Ratio, OR). Weitere Aspekte der komplexen Ätiopathogenese dieser Erkrankung konnten in immunologischen Ansätzen, aufgrund von Therapieerfolgen mit Antikörpern gegen immunrelevante Moleküle und bei kandidatengenorientierten Assoziationsstudien aufgeklärt werden. Die pathophysiologischen und genetischen Befunde konvergieren zunehmend und zeichnen die Psoriasis als Erkrankung eines fehlgesteuerten immunologischen Regulationsprozesses zwischen Keratinozyten und Zellen des angeborenen und erworbenen Immunsystems aus.
Effects of cysteine-containing compounds on biosynthesis of triacylglycerol and cholesterol and anti-oxidative protection in liver from mice consuming a high-fat diet
Authors: Lin Chun-che , Yin Mei-chin 
Published: July 2007

Effects ofn-acetyl cysteine (NAC),s-ethyl cysteine (SEC),s-propyl cysteine (SPC) and cysteine on enzymes participating in biosynthesis of TAG and cholesterol, and antioxidant protection in liver from mice consuming a high-saturated fat diet was examined. The high-fat diet provided 70 % fat energy, in which saturated fat was 55 % of total fat. NAC, SEC, SPC or cysteine, each agent at 1 g/l, was directly added into the drinking water as a supplement for 4 weeks. Results showed high saturated fat significantly increased hepatic TAG and total cholesterol contents (P < 0·05)viaenhancing the activity and mRNA expression of malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (P < 0·05). The intake of NAC, SEC or SPC significantly decreased TAG and total cholesterol levels (P < 0·05)vialowering the activity and mRNA expression of these three lipogenic-related enzymes (P < 0·05). NAC, SEC or SPC treatment also significantly suppressed high saturated fat-induced hepatic mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and SREBP-2 (P < 0·05). High saturated fat decreased hepatic content of glutathione, and the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0·05). The intake of NAC, SEC or SPC significantly increased hepatic glutathione content (P < 0·05), restored the activity and mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase, and alleviated the high saturated fat-induced oxidative stress (P < 0·05). These results support that NAC, SEC and SPC are potent agents for affecting hepatic biosynthesis of TAG and cholesterol, and protecting liver against high saturated fat-associated oxidative damage.
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and down regulates lipogenic gene expression in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats
Authors: Huang Hui-Ling , Hong Ya-Wen , Wong You-Hong , Chen Ying-Nien , Chyuan Jong-Ho , Huang Ching-Jang , Chao Pei-Min 
Published: July 2007

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia; BM) has been shown to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. To examine the effect of BM supplementation on cell size and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, three groups of rats were respectively fed a high-fat diet supplemented without (HF group) or with 5 % lyophilised BM powder (HFB group), or with 0·01 % thiazolidinedione (TZD) (HFT group). A group of rats fed a low-fat diet was also included as a normal control. Hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance were observed in the HF group but not in HFT and HFB groups. Although the number of large adipocytes (>180 μm) of both the HFB and HFT groups was significantly lower than that of the HF group, the adipose tissue mass, TAG content and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of the HFB group were significantly lower than those of the HFT group, implying that BM might reduce lipogenesis in adipose tissue. Experiment 2 was then conducted to examine the expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissues of rats fed low-fat, HF or HFB diets. The HFB group showed significantly lower mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1, lipoprotein lipase and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein than the HF group (P < 0·05). These results indicate BM can reduce insulin resistance as effective as the anti-diabetic drug TZD. Furthermore, BM can suppress the visceral fat accumulation and inhibit adipocyte hypertrophy, which may be associated with markedly down regulated expressions of lipogenic genes in the adipose.
Imagining Mexico in 1910: Visions of thePatriain the Centennial Celebration in Mexico City
Authors: GONZALES MICHAEl J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMexico's 1910Centenarioreflected a popular trend in Western Europe and its former colonies to use centenaries of important historical events to promote political programmes and philosophies through the construction of historical memory. Centennial organisers in Mexico linked Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and José Maria Morelos to President Porfirio Díaz in words and symbols, and associated state formation and civic culture with Liberal leaders and policies, such as public education, material progress and secularism. The planners also promoted Morelos as a mestizo icon and symbol for national identity and integration, while they simultaneously celebrated Mexico's pre-Columbian cultures and criticised contemporary natives as impediments to progress. The Centennial's audience included hundreds of thousands of Mexicans as well as foreigners from around the globe, who came away with different impressions based on their cultural perspectives, political philosophies and material interests. Following the overthrow of Díaz in 1911, Mexico's revolutionary governments continued to use Independence Day celebrations to promote their programmes, including some whose origins lay in thePorfiriato. As we approach the bicentenary of Latin American independence, competing visions ofpatriaswill likely surface and provide insights into the construction of historical memory and contemporary political discourse.
Integrative action in the fronto-parietal network: A cure for a scattered mind
Authors: Naghavi Hamid Reza , Nyberg Lars 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA large body of evidence supports the idea that a common fronto-parietal network is activated across a range of diverse cognitive functions. Jung & Haier's (J&H's) review demonstrates a very similar pattern of activity, which correlates with individual differences in intelligence. We propose that these converging lines of evidence are best interpreted as a general role of the fronto-parietal network in integration and control.
Intelligence, hormones, sex, brain size, and biochemistry: It all needs to have equal causal standing before integration is possible
Authors: Nyborg Helmuth 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent brain imaging points to differences in brain structure that relate to intelligence, but how do we model their causal relationship within a coherent framework that circumvents classic dualist traps? A bottom-level nonlinear, dynamic, multifactor, multiplicative, multidimensional, molecular (ND4M) trait-covariance time-space model may accomplish this better than traditional approaches.
Plasticity in high-order cognition: Evidence of dissociation in aphasia
Authors: Varley Rosemary 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHigh-order constructs such as intelligence result from the interaction of numerous processing systems, one of which is language. However, in determining the role of language in intelligence, attention must be paid to evidence from lesion studies and, in particular, evidence of dissociation of functions where high-order cognition can be demonstrated in face of profound aphasia.
The neuronal basis of intelligence: A riddle, wrapped in a mystery?
Authors: Wilke Marko 
Published: July 2007

Abstract“Where in the brain is intelligence?” is an intriguing question, and Jung & Haier (J&H) resist the temptation to provide a simple answer. Their concept tries to integrate and transcend previous findings, and, while omitting the contributions from complementary methods, results seem to converge. Whether similarities or differences in such networks are more important, though, is still open for discussion.
A roadmap for integrating the brain with mind maps
Authors: Demetriou Andreas , Mouyi Antigoni 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis commentary compares the P-FIT model with psychometric and developmental models of intelligence and shows that there are isomorphisms and divergences between them. All three models involve some common dimensions, but the P-FIT model lacks many of the dimensions of the other models. Then we point to research that can lead to the integration of brain models with cognitive-developmental models.
Variation of eye-lens distribution in a new late Devonian phacopid trilobite
Authors: Crônier Catherine , Clarkson Euan N. K. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTDistribution patterns of eye-lenses are compared from forty-two preserved visual surfaces of the new phacopine trilobite Phacops (Phacops) tafilaltensis n. sp. from the Late Devonian of Tafilalt, Morocco. In this species, variation in the lens pattern is most common on the ventral and posterior parts of the visual surface. Post-larval specimens typically have seventeen or eighteen files of lenses, but the number present is not correlated with specimen size. Several individuals display seventeen files in one eye and eighteen in the other. The smaller number of files in one eye may reflect incomplete development of that visual surface. The length of the active section of the generative zone and its pattern of growth control the number of dorso-ventral files of lenses and their relative height. Cases of asymmetry in lens distribution are observed in six individuals. The capacity of these organisms to correct both environmental or genetic stresses appears to be weak for this character. The existence of individuals with eyes exhibiting a different number of files confirms that file number is the result of a genetically controlled developmental program. In Phacops (Phacops) tafilaltensis n. sp., the lenses are normally arranged in a regular pattern of hexagonal close packing, their size varies within the visual surface of individual specimens and their number increases during ontogeny. Variation in the timing of lens emplacement accounts for the observed irregularities in lens distribution, i.e. in ventral and posterior parts of the visual surface. Characteristic patterns of the lens arrangement on the visual surface relate to systematic categories and probably reflect evolutionary relationships.
Holocene changes in the physiography and vegetation of the Atlantic littoral of the Uists, Outer Hebrides, Scotland
Authors: Ritchie William , Whittington Graeme , Edwards Kevin J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTImmediately W of the islands of Uist in the Outer Hebrides is a wide, low-gradient submarine shelf on which glacifluvial deposits of Devensian age and calcareous sand accumulated. Following moulding by Devensian ice, the Lateglacial landscape of the littoral zone of the Uists became a series of low-lying bedrock ridges and basins. The analysis of sub-tidal organic deposits has shown that in the early Holocene this landscape supported water bodies, marshes and a vegetation mosaic of Betula-Corylus woodland and Calluna vulgaris-herbaceous taxa open ground. The submergence of this littoral area during the Holocene Marine Transgression, together with wave action typical of the position on the Atlantic margin, led to the transfer onshore of submarine shelf deposits, so creating machair (sand plain) landscapes. This brought about vegetational changes, eventually creating calcareous grasslands. The timing of these events was asynchronous, being location- and site-specific due to variations in the configuration of the littoral zone. Although the date of the initial transfer of sand is unknown, evidence from the sub-tidal deposits indicates that a major incursion of sand, in North Uist, occurred c. 7600 BP (8450–8340 cal BP). The same source also suggests that a further major sand movement took place during the period 5800–4200 cal BP, a period of widespread sand drift in NW Europe. The analyses of the sub-tidal deposits have also reinforced the current theory of machair evolution.
Towards a physics of dowsing: inverse effects in the northern and southern hemispheres
Authors: Dodd R. J. , Harris J. W. , Humphries C. M. , Reddish V. C. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTIt has been known for some years that parallel horizontal structures separated in a vertical plane produce patterns of equally spaced parallel lines that can be detected and mapped by dowsing detector rods, indicating that the patterns are produced by interaction between the structures and the dowsing field, whatever that is. Consequently the arrangement is called a dowsing interferometer and the lines are referred to as interference fringes. The patterns are produced equally well by electrical insulators as by electrical conductors, and the inference that the field is not electromagnetic was confirmed by experiments carried out in an electromagnetically shielded laboratory. Measurements of interferometer fringe spacings made irregularly from 1991 to 1996, analysed retrospectively, were found to be dependent on time of year, decreasing relatively suddenly by a factor of about three in November and increasing again in April. An isolated rise and fall in early March was also found. These results were confirmed by more frequent measurements in 1997 and published the following year. This paper reports a co-operative programme of interferometry between Scotland and New Zealand from 1997 to 2001. The annual pattern of the fringe spacing is clearly defined, with rapid changes between 2m and 6m in November and in April, and an isolated event in early March; but remarkably the pattern in the southern hemisphere is inverted with respect to that in the north. There are differences of a few days in the timings of the events in the north and south, and the amplitude of the March event is increasing.This paper is a continuation of the work described in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences89 (1998) 1–9.