bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular choosability via combinatorial Nullstellensatz
Authors: Norine Serguei , Wong Tsai‐Lien , Zhu Xuding 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA p‐list assignment L of a graph G assigns to each vertex v of G a set ${{L}}({{v}})\subseteq \{{{0}}{{,}} {{1}}{{,}}\ldots{{,}}\, {{p}}-{{1}}\}$ of permissible colors. We say G is L‐(P, q)‐colorable if G has a (P, q)‐coloring h such that h(v) ϵ L(v) for each vertex v. The circular list chromatic number $\chi_{{{c}}{{,}}{{l}}}({{G}})$ of a graph G is the infimum of those real numbers t for which the following holds: For any P, q, for any P‐list assignment L with $|{{L}}({{v}})| \geq {{tq}}$, G is L‐(P, q)‐colorable. We prove that if G has an orientation D which has no odd directed cycles, and L is a P‐list assignment of G such that for each vertex v, $|{{L}}({{v}})| = {{d}}^+_{{D}}({{v}})({{2}}{{q}}-{{1}})+{{1}}$, then G is L‐(P, q)‐colorable. This implies that if G is a bipartite graph, then $\chi_{{{c}}{{,}}{{l}}}({{G}})\leq {{2}}\lceil {{mad}}({{G}})/{{2}}\rceil$, where ${{\rm mad}}({{G}})$ is the maximum average degree of a subgraph of G. We further prove that if G is a connected bipartite graph which is not a tree, then $\chi_{{{c}}{{,}}{{l}}}({{G}})\leq { {mad}}({{G}})$. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 190–204, 2008
Star coloring bipartite planar graphs
Authors: Kierstead H. A. , Kündgen André , Timmons Craig 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA star coloring of a graph is a proper vertex‐coloring such that no path on four vertices is 2‐colored. We prove that the vertices of every bipartite planar graph can be star colored from lists of size 14, and we give an example of a bipartite planar graph that requires at least eight colors to star color. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 1–10, 2009
Fast screening procedure for antibiotics in wastewaters by direct HPLC‐DAD analysis
Authors: Teixeira Salomé , Delerue‐Matos Cristina , Alves Arminda , Santos Lúcia 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGrowing concern about the contamination of wastewaters by antibiotics demands fast but sensitive analytical methodologies, for the screening of a large number of samples. The purpose of this work was to develop a simple methodology, using direct injection of the samples, by HPLC with diode array detection (DAD), for a multiresidue analysis of five antibiotics of different classes. Wastewater from an urban water treatment plant was selected as a model to study possible coelution of interfering compounds. The linearity interval ranged from 40 to 400 μg/L for amoxicillin (Amox), metronidazole (Metro), cefazolin (Cefa), and chloramphenicol (Chloram) and from 20 to 200 μg/L for sulfamethoxazole (Sulfa), with LODs lower than 14 μg/L. Repeatability, expressed by the CV of six repeated injections, ranged from 1 to 8%, while the intermediate precision varied between 2 and 11%. The recovery ranged from 90 to 109%. This method enables the fast screening of a large number of samples, with an expanded uncertainty in the 1–22% range. The advantage of the proposed method is to significantly reduce the number of samples to be analyzed by more complex methods.
Extraction and derivatization of polar herbicides for GC‐MS analyses
Authors: Ranz Andreas , Maier Eveline , Motter Herbert , Lankmayr Ernst 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA sample preparation procedure including a simultaneous microwave‐assisted (MA) extraction and derivatization for the determination of chlorophenoxy acids in soil samples is presented. For a selective and sensitive measurement, an analytical technique such as GC coupled with MS needs to be adopted. For GC analyses, chlorophenoxy acids have to be converted into more volatile and thermally stable derivatives. Derivatization by means of microwave radiation offers new alternatives in terms of shorter derivatization time and reduces susceptibility for the formation of artefacts. Extraction and derivatization into methyl esters (ME) were performed with sulphuric acid and methanol. Due to the novelty of the simultaneous extraction and derivatization assisted by means of microwave radiation, a careful investigation and optimization of influential reaction parameters was necessary. It could be shown that the combination of sulphuric acid and methanol provides a fast sample preparation including an efficient clean up procedure. The data obtained by the described method are in good agreement with those published for the reference material. Finally, compared to conventional heating and also to the standard procedure of the EPA, the sample preparation time could be considerably shortened.
Analysis of a budding yeast cell cycle model using the shapes of local sensitivity functions
Authors: Lovrics A. , Zsély I. Gy. , Csikász‐Nagy A. , Zádor J. , Turányi T. , Novák B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Chen et al. (Mol Biol Cell 2000, 11, 369–391) budding yeast cell cycle model is a biochemical kinetic model that describes how the controlling protein concentrations change during a proliferation cycle. Time dependence of local sensitivity coefficients was calculated for all variables and parameters of the model. Some of the local sensitivity coefficients—time functions could also be obtained from another one by multiplying it with a constant, which means that these functions exhibit global similarity. Local similarity of the sensitivity functions was also detected. The distance of the shapes of two scaled sensitivity functions was defined by the integrated squared difference of these functions. The distance matrices of function shapes were interpreted by a clustering method, and the shapes could be sorted to two main groups for each model variable. The presence of the global similarity of sensitivity functions means that the change of some enzyme activities can be fully compensated by changing the activity of other enzymes. This feature can be related to the robustness of living organisms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 710–720, 2008
Toward a reduction of the bimolecular reaction model for titan's ionosphere
Authors: Carrasco Nathalie , Plessis Sylvain , Dobrijevic Michel , Pernot Pascal 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to highlight the skeletal chemistry responsible for the rich ionospheric chemistry observed in Titan's atmosphere. The present database is represented by about 700 ion–molecule reactions, which are not all important to describe the system. Our criterion to reduce the list of reactions is to reproduce a reference mass spectrum within its uncertainties. This reference mass spectrum is obtained with the complete reaction database and with neutral densities optimized for the INMS mass spectrum measured at 1200 km during the T5 flyby. We compared two mechanism reduction methods, brute force screening and global sensitivity analysis. The analysis of the residual scheme with only 35 bimolecular reactions highlights several patterns, concerning in particular ionic growth processes and introduction of nitrogen to the ionic species. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 699–709, 2008
Mass spectrometry analysis of the influenza virus
Authors: Downard Kevin M. , Morrissey Bethny , Schwahn Alexander B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe role of mass spectrometry to probe characteristics of the influenza virus, and vaccine and antiviral drugs that target the virus, are reviewed. Genetic and proteomic approaches have been applied which incorporate high resolution mass spectrometry and mass mapping to genotype the virus and establish its evolution in terms of the primary structure of the surface protein antigens. A mass spectrometric immunoassay has been developed and applied to assess the structure and antigenicity of the virus in terms of the hemagglutinin antigen. The quantitation of the hemagglutinin antigen in vaccine preparations has also been conducted that is of importance to their efficacy. Finally, the characterization and quantitation of antiviral drugs against the virus, and their metabolites, have been monitored in blood, serum, and urine. The combined approaches demonstrate the strengths of modern mass spectrometric methods for the characterization of this killer virus. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:35–49, 2009 [This article was published online 10 September 2008. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 7 November 2008.]
Electrophysiological correlates of motor conversion disorder
Authors: Liepert Joachim , Hassa Thomas , Tüscher Oliver , Schmidt Roger 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn patients with a functional (psychogenic) paresis, motor conduction tests are, by definition, normal. We investigated whether these patients exhibit an abnormal motor excitability. Four female patients with a functional paresis of the left upper extremity were studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We investigated motor thresholds, intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation at rest. Corticospinal excitability was evaluated by single pulse TMS during rest and during imagination of tonic index finger adductions. Data obtained from the affected first dorsal interosseous muscle were compared with the unaffected hand and with a healthy age‐matched control group. Three patients demonstrated a flaccid paresis, one patient had a psychogenic dystonia. Motor thresholds, short interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation recorded from the affected side were normal. In healthy subjects, movement imagination produced an increase of corticospinal excitability. In the patients, motor imagery with the affected index finger resulted in a decrease of corticospinal excitability compared to rest, being significantly different from the unaffected side and from the control group. We suggest that suppression of corticospinal excitability during movement imagination is an electrophysiological correlate of the patients' inability to move voluntarily and provides some insight into the pathophysiology of this disorder. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Focal childhood‐onset, action induced primary hip dystonia treated with pallidal deep brain stimulation
Authors: Low Hu Liang , Honey Christopher R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFocal proximal lower limb dystonias are rare. Unlike the adult form, focal lower limb dystonias in children usually become generalized. The condition is often unrecognized and the patient often receives orthopedic or psychiatric treatment for years before the diagnosis eventually made. Previously reported cases of isolated lower limb dystonias have been managed nonsurgically. We present a case of a childhood‐onset action‐induced primary hip dystonia that has remained focal even in adulthood and which responded successfully to pallidal deep brain stimulation. Additionally, our results suggest that neurons representing the leg lie within the most ventral aspect of the globus pallidus interna. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus in tardive dystonia
Authors: Sako Wataru , Goto Satoshi , Shimazu Hideki , Murase Nagako , Matsuzaki Kazuhito , Tamura Tetsuya , Mure Hideo , Tomogane Yusuke , Arita Norio , Yoshikawa Hiroo , Nagahiro Shinji , Kaji Ryuji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTardive dystonia is a disabling movement disorder as a consequence of exposure to neuroleptic drugs. We followed 6 patients with medically refractory tardive dystonia treated by bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for 21 ± 18 months. At last follow‐up, the Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) motor score improved by 86% ± 14%, and the BFMDRS disability score improved by 80% ± 12%. Bilateral GPi‐DBS is a beneficial therapeutic option for the long‐term relief of tardive dystonia. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Latest view on the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation
Authors: Hammond Constance , Ammari Rachida , Bioulac Bernard , Garcia Liliana 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHow does deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied at high frequency (100 Hz and above, HFS) in diverse points of cortico‐basal ganglia thalamo‐cortical loops alleviate symptoms of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and obsessive compulsive disorders? Do the effects of HFS stem solely or even largely from local effects on the stimulated brain structure or are they also mediated by actions of HFS on distal structures? Indeed, HFS as an extracellular stimulation is expected to activate subsets of both afferent and efferent axons, leading to antidromic spikes that collide with ongoing spontaneous ones and orthodromic spikes that evoke synaptic responses in target neurons. The present review suggests that HFS interfere with spontaneous pathological patterns by introducing a regular activity in several nodal points of the network. Therefore, the best site of implantation of the HFS electrode may be in a region where the HFS‐driven activity spreads to most of the identified, dysrhythmic, neuronal populations without causing additional side effects. This should help tackling the most difficult issue namely, how does the regular HFS‐driven activity that dampens the spontaneous pathological one, restore neuronal processing along cortico‐basal ganglia‐thalamo‐cortical loops? © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Alternate trains of postural muscle vibration promote cyclic body displacement in standing parkinsonian patients
Authors: De Nunzio Alessandro M. , Nardone Antonio , Picco Daniele , Nilsson Jan , Schieppati Marco 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPatients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties with control of stance, postural changes, and walking, seemingly depending on problems in central integration of proprioceptive information. We tested the hypothesis that alternate vibration of postural muscles can induce cyclic medio‐lateral or antero‐posterior sway in PD, mimicking that accompanying body progression during walking, thereby favoring the production of locomotor tasks. In 12 standing PD patients and 11 healthy subjects, we applied trains of vibratory stimuli, bilaterally in an alternating paradigm to soleus, tibialis anterior, or paravertebral muscles. The trains of stimuli were delivered at frequencies selected to be above, near, and below the normal walking rhythm. The displacement of the center of foot pressure (CoP) was recorded. In PD, sway area during unperturbed stance was just larger than in healthy subjects; shifts in CoP in response to vibration were preserved, regardless of the vibrated muscle pair; CoP oscillations along medio‐lateral, but not antero‐posterior direction, were coupled to the vibration trains; time to initiate and terminate the postural responses was normal. PD patients correctly integrate and exploit the vibration‐induced proprioceptive inflow to produce body oscillations comparable to those occurring during walking. Vibratory stimulation can be safely and easily employed to provoke rhythmic postural changes in PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinsonism and dystonia caused by the illicit use of ephedrone—A longitudinal study
Authors: Selikhova Marianna , Fedoryshyn Ljuda , Matviyenko Yuri , Komnatska Irena , Kyrylchuk Marianna , Krolicki Lesrek , Friedman Andrzej , Taylor Andrew , Jäger H. Rolf , Lees Andrew , Sanotsky Yanush 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA neurological syndrome characterized by levodopa unresponsive bradykinesia, retropulsion with falls backwards, dysarthria, gait disturbance, dystonia, and emotional lability was identified in 13 male opiate addicts following the prolonged intravenous use of ephedrone (methcathinone), a central nervous stimulant prepared from pseudoephedrine, potassium permanganate, and vinegar. The natural history, response to treatment, and clinical features has been studied, and MR and dopamine transporter SPECT brain imaging were carried out. Pubic hair was sampled for manganese. The clinical and radiological picture closely resembled previous reports of chronic manganese poisoning and increased mean manganese level in pubic hair observed for at least 1 year after cessation of ephedrone. Odor identification was intact. Cognitive assessment showed a mild executive dysfunction and a mild depression. DaTSCANs were all normal. The neurological syndrome bears some similarities to PSP but differs from Parkinson's disease. Delayed neurological progression despite discontinuation of ephedrone occurred in one‐third of cases. Ephedrone poisoning should be considered as a possible cause of secondary Parkinsonism in young adults, particularly from Eastern Europe. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Structure elucidation and complete NMR spectral assignments of two new sesquiterpene lactone xylosides from Lactuca triangulata
Authors: Michalska Klaudia , Żylewski Marek , Kisiel Wanda 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo new sesquiterpene lactone xylosides, derivatives of the guaianolides 9α‐hydroxyleucodin and 9α‐hydroxy‐11,13‐dehydroleucodin, were isolated from roots of Lactuca triangulata. Their structures were established on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra, 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY) techniques and comparison with the literature data. The compounds represent the first example of sesquiterpene lactone xylosides. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the healthcare journey of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A mapping project – implications for practice
Authors: Oliver Susan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective: Consumers of healthcare can reveal important insights into the personal challenges they experience when negotiating their health needs. The National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society (NRAS) wanted to explore the experiences of those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in order to understand the impact on the individual and on healthcare resources and benchmark care against published standards and guidelines.Methods: A project was designed to explore the experiences of individuals with sero‐positive RA who had been diagnosed for three years or less. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were used and combined with process mapping to explore the experiences of a purposeful sample of individuals with RA. The information generated was mapped and variances explored. Ethical approval was not required as the data were collected outside the National Health Service.Results: Twenty‐two participants' stories were mapped. Fifty per cent of participants sought a medical opinion within three weeks of symptom onset and the majority received a disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drug within six months from first presenting symptoms. Work‐related issues were highlighted by 13 participants, and seven of these experienced job losses directly attributed to their diagnosis.Conclusions: This unique mapping approach used qualitative research and process mapping to compare patient experiences against recognized standards and guidelines. These twenty‐two stories reveal important insights into the challenges experienced in negotiating these healthcare journeys and the impact upon the individual as a result of variances in standards of care received. The participants in this study were chiefly self‐motivated, informed and articulate, and did not reflect the broad ethnic, social or cultural diversity in the UK. Limitations must also be considered in relation to perceptions and recall of participants over a three‐year period, as these may have altered over time and illness experience. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic swelling ratio in the diagnosis of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
Authors: Yoon Joon Shik , Walker Francis O. , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHigh‐resolution ultrasound can demonstrate focal nerve enlargement in entrapment neuropathies. We hypothesized that a ratio between the nerve cross‐sectional area at the site of maximal enlargement and at an unaffected site may improve diagnostic accuracy in ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE), when compared to a single measurement at the site of maximal enlargement. Ultrasound was used to measure the cross‐sectional area of the ulnar nerve at three sites in 30 normal, healthy controls and 26 individuals with UNE. In individuals with UNE, the ratio was 2.9:1 when the site of maximal swelling was compared with a distal ulnar nerve site and 2.8:1 when compared with a proximal site. This represented a significant increase compared with the ratio of 1.1:1 for both comparisons in controls (P < 0.0001). This type of ratio may be particularly useful for assessing entrapment in those with polyneuropathy or obesity, both of which can cause diffuse nerve enlargement. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Motor responses of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pinto Susana , de Carvalho Mamede 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) is an accessory inspiratory muscle, but it is not investigated systematically in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We aimed to study the involvement of the SCM and to evaluate the role of the diaphragm and SCM on respiratory tests performed in ALS patients. We studied 45 patients (mean age ± SD: 60.6 ± 13 years). In all patients we evaluated: neck flexion strength; forced vital capacity (FVC); maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax); sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP); ALS functional scale (ALS‐FRS‐R); SCM and diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes (SCM Ampl and Diaphr Ampl) and latencies (SCM Lat and Diaphr Lat). In ALS patients, SCM Lat is increased and SCM Ampl is smaller in patients with neck weakness. The subgroup of patients with neck weakness had more abnormal respiratory function tests and lower clinical scores. There is a significant correlation between SCM Amp and Diaphr Ampl, FVC, PImax, and SNIP. Hence, there is a parallel loss of motor units in the SCM and diaphragm. On multiple regression analysis both PImax and SNIP are dependent on SCM Ampl and Diaphr Ampl, but FVC is not. PImax and SNIP determination mostly depend on SCM and diaphragm function, but the FVC is also dependent on expiratory muscle function. We conclude that neck weakness is a clinical sign that indicates a poor prognosis, and the SCM CMAP can contribute to respiratory function evaluation in ALS patients. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Decreased muscle atrophy F‐box (MAFbx) expression in regenerating muscle after muscle‐damaging exercise
Authors: Okada Atsushi , Ono Yusuke , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Kishimoto Koshi N. , Itoi Eiji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA muscle‐specific ubiquitin ligase, Muscle Atrophy F‐box (MAFbx), is known to mediate the degradation of muscle‐specific transcription factor MyoD in vitro. Its regulation in regenerating skeletal muscle, however, has not been clarified. We looked for evidence of MAFbx downregulation in the course of regeneration after muscle damaging exercise. The soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of mice were subjected to forced eccentric contraction by electrical stimulation to induce muscle damage. The expression of developmental myosin heavy chain (MHCd) suggested that muscle regeneration took place from Day 3 after exercise. mRNA and protein expression of MAFbx decreased on Days 3, 5, and 7, while MyoD protein increased on Days 3, 5, and 7. Although further study is required to establish the causal relationships, downregulation of MAFbx may have reduced MyoD degradation in favor of muscle regeneration. Muscle Nerve, 2008