bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductivity of Aqueous Potassium Dodecyl Sulfonate at Various Temperatures and with Solubilized Benzene
Authors: Lin Wei-chuwan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The specific conductivity of aqueous solutions of potassium dodecyl sulfonate has been measured as a function of concentration in the presence and absence of solubilized benzene in the temperature range between 25 and 60°C.
Below the critical concentration for the formation of micelles solubilized benzene has no effect on the conductivity. In the critical concentration range there is a marked effect which decreases with salt concentration and finally becomes negligible.
The critical concentration decreases in the presence of solubilized benzene; this effect becomes more marked as the benzene concentration is increased. The critical concentration increases with increasing temperature both in the presence and absence of benzene.
The experimental part of this work was done at George Herbert Jones Laboratory, University of Chicago, III., U. S. A. The author would like to express his hearty gratitude to Dr. M. L. Corrin for many fruitful discussions during his stay at the University of Chicago, and for personal communications after his return to Formosa.
Micelle Formation and Solubilization in Benzene by Fatty Acid Salts of Higher Amines
Authors: Kitahara Ayao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fatty acid salts of higher aliphatic amines were prepared and used as detergents. The micelle formation in the benzene solution was verified from the relation between the van’t Hoff factor and the concentration. It was shown that the amount of solubilized water is proportional to the concentration of the detergent. The value of the critical micelle concentration was determined from the extraporation of the proportionality. This value is within the region of the remarkable decrease in the curve between the van’t Hoff factor and the concentration. With the increases of the carbon number of the amine or the acid part, the critical micelle concentration increases and the solubilizing power decreases. This result is quite different from that of aqueous solutions.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. VII. The Urea Linkage (1,3-Dibenzylurea and 1-isopropyl 3 3 diethylurea in Alcohols)
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate constants of the thermal dissociation of 1,3-dibenzylurea and 1-isopropyl-3,3-diethylurea in alcohols were determined.
The rates of dissociation in fatty acids are faster than those in alcohols and it can be said that the process of protonation of ureas by solvents plays an important role in the dissociation.
In the case of dissociation in alcohols, the reaction seems to proceed by a base catalysis. And the intermediate complex containing two alcohol and one urea molecules was considered. The experimental results were reasonably explained by the proposed mechanism.
Studies on Molecular Structure by the Measurement of the Dielectric Constant of Gases. II. Dipole Moment and the Molecular Structure of Mono- and sym-Dihalogenomethyl ether
Authors: Chiba Takehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the dipole moment was investigated on monochloromethyl ether (I), sym-dichloromethyl ether (II) and monobromomethyl ether (III) in the gaseous state, and (III) and sym-dibromomethyl ether (IV) in heptane solution. The moment of (I), (II) and (IV) increases with temperature, while that of (III) does not.
From the observed data the energy difference between the gauche and the trans position is 0. 7 kcal./mol. in (I), and zero in (III) Similarly ΔE’s between t,g- and g,g-form of (II) and (IV) are estimated to be 1.3 kcal. and obtained to be 0.9 kcal./mol. respectively from the observed results.
Ortho-localisation Energies for Methyl-1:2 benzanthracenes
Authors: Nakajima Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The effects of the methyl substituent on O.L.E. for the 3–4 bond of B.A. have been calculated. The effect may be discussed by the perturbation method taking account of the virtual inductive effect through the suitable choice of the value of δα of the substituted position.
(2) The homolytic and heterolytic O.L.E. were defined. The former predicts the bond reactivity only for a system of alternant hydrocarbons. With substituted hydrocarbons the latter should be used as a criterion of bond reactivity.
(3) The heterolytic O.L.E. for the 3–4 bonds of several M.B.A. have been successfully correlated with the experimental evidences on rates of addition of OsO4 and the carcinogenic activities.
(4) The method of calculation of the effect of the methyl substituent on O.L.E. used in the present note may be applicable, with due caution, to other substituents in general.
Studies on Unsaturated Organosilicon Compounds. II. Reactions and Properties of Vinyltrimethylsilane
Authors: Kanazashi Motonori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Addition reactions to the double bond of vinyltrimethylsilane were studied with hydrogen,bromine,chlorine,hydrogen bromide and iodide, and the properties of the products were given.
2) Vinyl-silicon bond was cloven by concentrated sulfuric acid but no reaction occurred with methanolic potassium hydroxide.
3) Reaction mechanisms of the above two reactions of vinyl, allyl or related unsaturated organosilicon compounds were discussed. A conjugated structure involving silicon-carbon double bond in which the silicon atom has an expanded valence shell was postulated for some of these reactions. Such a structure was further confirmed by the shift of νc=c in the absorption spectra of vinyltrimethylsilane.
4) Polymerization reactions of this compound were studied and the steric hindrance by a large trimethylsilyl group in the structural unit of the polymer was discussed, particularly concerning the absence of a high molecular weight polymer in the reaction product.
Determination of Nitrogen in Nitro and Oxime Compounds by the Iodic Acid Decomposition Method
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The iodic acid decomposition method for the determination of nitrogen in organic compounds, which has been reported already by the author, was extended to analyses of nitro and oxime compounds.
(2) In a reaction vessel, a samplew as dissolved in acetone, reduced with a reducing agent to the corresponding amine, and then decomposed by heating with a mixture of iodic acid and strong phosphoric acid. The liberated nitrogen was determined by means of an azotometer.
(3) After testing many reducing agents it was concluded that a mixture of iron metal powder and diluted sulfuric acid was the best.
(4) For various nitro and oxime compounds satisfactory results were obtained by means of this modified method.
(5) The specific gravity and the chemical composition of strong phosphoric acid prepared in the various conditions have been described complementally.
The Structon Theory of Glasses and Solutions
Authors: Huggins Maurice L 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In sodium silicate glasses and in many liquid solutions, curves representing the dependence of various properties on composition show distinct breaks. This behavior can be reasonably interpreted in terms of the types of environment around each atom or molecule or atomic group responsible for strong intermolecular interactions, together with the assumption that in these systems only the most stable environments are present in significant amounts. Only closest neighbors need be considered, hence the types of environment can conveniently be described in terms of “ structons,” each structon type being defined as a given kind of atom (or molecule or atomic group) surrounded by close neighbors in a given way.
The compositions at the breaks in the property curves limit, and in some cases determine uniquely, the types of structon present in and between the different composition ranges.
The structon theory has been applied to sodium silicate glasses and certain liquid solutions, in which there are strong hydrogen-bond interactions between molecules.
Polarographic Behavior of Nitroammonocarbonic Acids in Aqueous Media. I. Nitrourea
Authors: Namba Keiho , Suzuki Kyoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The relationship of pH–E1⁄2 (vs. S.C.E.) and of pH–il of nitrourea under the dropping mercury electrode was studied.
2) It is presumed from the experiment on the effect of the effective height of the mercury reservoir and of temperature upon ii that ii will follow the diffusion law in acidic solution.
3) The electron number consumed for reduction was calculated by assuming the diffusion coefficient.
Spectrochemical Study of Microscopic Crystals. IX. Absorption Spectra and Structure of Cobalt(II) Mercury(II) Tetrathiocyanate
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarized absorption spectra of CoHg(SCN)4 in the crystalline state have been determined by Tsuchida-Kobayashi’s microscopic method in the regions between 2400 and 7000 Å.
Absorption spectra of HgCo(NCS)4 shows the existence of the Co(NCS)4-group. Thus it has been concluded that the NCS-group is attached to a cobalt atom through a nitrogen atom, and to a mercury atom through a sulphur atom on the other end of the NCS-group.
Syntheses of Adenosinesulfuric Acids
Authors: Egami Fujio , Takahashi Noriko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Syntheses of adenosinesulfuric acids were achieved by sulfation of adenosine with chlorosulphonic acid.
The crude product was a mixture of AMS, ADS and ATS, and the proportion of each component varied according to the amount of chlorosulphonic acid used and to the reaction temperature.
Quantitative separation of AMS, ADS and ATS has been achieved successfully by ionexchange chromatography.
Barium adenosine-5′-monosulfate was obtained in crystalline form, and the ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured.
Surface Chemistry of Synthetic Protein Analogues. V. On the Effect of Salt on the Monolayers of the Copolypeptide of l-Lysine, l-Phenylalanine and l-Glutamic Acid
Authors: Hamaguchi Kozo , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By studying the surface pressure-area and surface viscosity-area curves of the copolypeptide of l-lysine, l-phenylalanine and l-glutamic acid over a range of pH values and salt contents in the substrate, the following four distinct results were obtained:
(1) When the concentration of potassium chloride in the substrate was kept constant (0.07 m/litre), the (A)F-pH curve has a minimum area region between pH 5.6 and 8.0 which is parallel to the pH axis and this region corresponds to the isoelectric band of this copolypeptide at this salt concentration. The width of this band was the function of the salt concentration; when the salt content was increased this band became wider.
(2) When the pH’s of the substrates was kept constant (pH 2.2), the F-A curves were more expanded at low salt concentrations. This fact could be interpreted by the increment of surface pressure due to the free energy of the electrical double layer which is formed between the ionized groups of the monolayer (NH3+ ions) and the counter ions (Cl− ions). The values of surface potentials calculated from the F-A curves and from Gouy’s equation agreed with each other.
(3) The surface viscosities became higher when the salt concentrations in the substrate at constant pH’s were decreased and became maximum at its isoelectric point. The surface viscosity depends markedly on the number of inter- or intra-salt-linkages between -NH3+ and COO− ions and not on the shape of each polymer molecule.
(4) The (A)F-pH and (η)A-pH curves could be interpreted in terms of effective free charges and the number of salt-linkages.
Interaction between Surface Active Agents and Proteins. I. Precipitations formed by Mixing Sodium Alkyl Sulfates and Egg Albumin
Authors: Aoki Koichiro , Hori Joji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Precipitation reactions between SDS and egg albumin, SOS and egg albumin, and SBS and egg albumin were studied. There was an instant precipitation when SDS and egg albumin solutions were mixed, and when SOS and egg albumin solutions were mixed, but not when SBS and egg albumin solutions were mixed. Comparing the precipitation curve of the SDS-egg albumin system and that of the SOS-egg albumin system, we can find that both detergents form a complex having the same formula AD40 (A : albumin, D: detergent) in the region of protein excess, and therefore we can conclude that there is no difference between the reactivities of SDS and SOS toward egg albumin. On the contrary, in the region where redissolution of precipitate occurs, the precipitation curves do not coincide. This means that the two detergents have different powers to dissolve precipitate. In addition, when the concentration of SOS differs, the power to dissolve precipitate differs.
(2) It was found electrophoretically that the complex is formed in turbid supernatants after centrifugation and also in transparent solutions the composition of which is in the region where no precipitation occurs.
(3) Observing the precipitation curves of the system horse serum albumin-SDS and the system egg albumin-SDS, we can see that there is a region where no precipitation occurs when a great excess of serum albumin is used; but there is not such a region when a great excess of egg albumin is used.
(4) We measured the lowering of the CMC of SDS and of SOS caused by the increase in the concentration of buffer solution. The lowering does not depend upon the kinds and pH’s of buffer solutions but upon the ionic strength of buffer solution which dissolves detergent.
The Effect of Temperature on Micelle Formation and Solubilization in Benzene
Authors: Kitahara Ayao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Van’t Hoff factors of fatty acid salts of higher aliphatic primary amines in benzene were determined cryoscopically and ebullioscopically. Slight or no micelle formation takes place at boiling temperature, though it does take place at melting temperature. Solubilization of water into benzene by these detergents was measured at 10°, 26° and 40°C. With rise of temperature the critical micelle concentration obtained from solubilization increases and the solubilizing power decreases, though the solubilizing power of propionate and butyrate shows an anomaly. Solubilization and micelle formation determined here change parallel to each other with varying temperature.
Cathodo-luminescence of Samarium as Applied to the Structural Studies of Alumina. IV. On Alumina yielded by Thermal Decomposition of Hydrated Crystals of Aluminium Salts
Authors: Iwase Eiichi , Nishiyama Seijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrated crystals of some aluminium salts, namely nitrate, chloride, sulphate and ammonium alum were subjected to heat treatments in the presence of a small amount of samarium ions. Cathodo-luminescence spectra were investigeted on the samarium-bearing aluminas thus resulted. A conversion of the luminescence spectrum takes place, as the temperature of the heat treatment has been elevated, from the prototype I to the prototype II, which corresponds to the γ-α transformation of an alumina. It was, however, confirmed that there are some differences in the facility of this conversion according to the kinds of aluminium salts employed for the preparation of alumina.
Some alterations were, furthermore, perceived in the intensity of luminescence bands situating in the vicinity of 610 mμ, when the hydrated crystals of aluminium nitrate were submitted to the heat treatments of various elevated temperatures.
Hydrated crystals of these aluminium salts were heated previously at various temperatures between 180 and 1200°C. After the addition of samarium ions, they were roasted.
The resulting samarium-bearing aluminas give rise to cathodo-luminescence spectra, which reveal that a conversion to the genuine α-modification proceeds most readily in the case of aluminium nitrate, while it occurs with difficulty in the cases of hydrated aluminium sulphate and ammonium alum. It seems to be hard for samarium ions to enter into the configuration of alumina, when previous thermal treatments of aluminium salts have been carried out at much elevated temperatures.
Studies on the Cooking Mechanism of Wood. XIV. On the UV-Absorption Spectrum, Phenolic Hydroxyl Group and Carboxyl Group of Thiolignin
Authors: Mikawa Hiroshi , Sato Koichiro , Takasaki Chizuko , Ebisawa Kiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was shown that the UV-absorption spectrum of thiolignin must be explained by assuming the existence of the carbonyl group, the double bond conjugated with the nucleus and the carboxyl group attached directly to the nucleus. The amount of the phenolic hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group of thiolignin were estimated by methylating with diazomethane and subsequently hydrolyzing the methylated lignin with alkali.
Magnetochemical Study of Hydroxyazobenzenes
Authors: Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of azobenzene and its nine derivatives were measured by the Gouy method. The procedure to estimate the molar susceptibility from the values observed for constitutional fragments of the molecule was applied to these compounds, and the empirical constant for azo-group–0.4 was determined. Twenty hydroxyazobenzenes, mainly derivatives of phenol and p-cresol, were also measured, and their molar susceptibilities were compared with the calculated values for the azophenol form and the quinonehydrazone one. The author concluded that they are all in the azophenol form in the solid state.
Sterols and Other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Lipids of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinoderms. XVII. Mono-unsaturated Sterol Components of the Starfish Asterina Pectinifera
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Takagi Toru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In a continuation of the study on sterol components of Asterina pectinifera, the present study is concerned with mono-unsaturated sterol components. The steryl acetate fraction recovered from the mother liquors of the recrystallizations, which were carried out for the separation of hitodesteryl (α-spinasteryl) acetate in a previous study, was subjected to fractional crystallizations by which two fractions, Δ7-spinastenyl acetate fraction and Δ7-cholestenyl acetate fraction, were eventually separated. Accordingly it has been found that the sterol mixture of Asterina pectinifera contains Δ7-spinastenol and Δ7-cholestenol besides hitodesterol.
Thixotropy of Alginate Gels
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Miyamoto Shigeru , Morinaga Yasuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thixotropy was observed on the gels formed by the addition of the suitable amounts of cupric chloride, barium chloride, lead nitrate, calcium chloride, cadmium sulfate, zinc sulfate and nickel sulfate to the solutions of sodium alginate. The setting time of the thixotropic gels was observed to change with the amount of the electrolyte added, the ageing time of the gels, the degree of polymerization of sodium alginate used and pH of the system. The thixotropic behavior was observed to change also with the volume of the system. Furthermore, it was found that thixotropy was observed when about 25–54% of the total alginate ions combine with cupric ions, whereas the combination of more than half of the total alginate ion results in nonthixotropic gelation. The thixotropic gel could be formed also by the addition of sodium alginate to the once precipitated copper alginate.
Cyanoethylation of Trichlorosilane. I. β-Addition.
Authors: Nozakura Shunichi , Konotsune Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Cyanoethylation of trichlorosilane was found to be catalysed by organic bases, benzoylperoxide, or platinized asbestos at about 160°C. The catalytic activities of organic bases increased in the order, dimethylaniline &lt;&lt; quinoline &lt; pyridine, piperidine &lt; triethyl-amine. Pyridine hydrochloride and benzyltriethylammonium chloride has also catatytic effects.
2. The orientation of the addition reaction was found to be almost exclusively of the β-position.
3. An ionic mechanism was suggested for the organic base-catalysed addition reaction.
Heats of Dilution of Polyvinylalcohol Solution. I
Authors: Amaya Kazuo , Fujishiro Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heats of dilution of P. V. A. solutions were measured and the interaction parameter α between P. V. A. and water was found to be in the range of −2∼−4cal./cc. That these values are remarkably lower than that of ethanol solution suggests the presence of strong intersegmental hydrogen bonds of P. V. A.. The effect of pre-heating was also observed. It may be attributed to the increase of intersegmental associations by heating.
Spectrochemical Study of Microscopic Crystals. XI. The Structure and Polarized Absorption Spectra of Some Metallic Compounds with Remarkable Interaction between Metal Atoms through Anions
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarized absorption spectra of [Pd(NH3)2Cl2] [Pd(NH3)2Cl4], Pt(en)Cl3 and (NH4)3AgAuCl7in the crystalline state have been determined by Tsuchida-Kobayashi’s microscopic method in the regions betwen 2400 and 8000 Å.
The crystals of the above compounds which are supposed to involve infinite chains of a type, - - -X–Mm–X- - -Mn- - -X–Mm–X- - - -, have been found to display absorption at longer wave-length than any of the respective component complexes. This absorption at the longer wave-length has been shown to be completely polarized along the direction of the supposed chains in the crystals.
The above results show that in these crystals there would be rather strong interaction between the metal atoms through the anions along the infinite chains.
By-products of Acrylonitrile Synthesis from Acetylene and Hydrocyanic Acid. I. Neutral Constituents
Authors: Morimoto Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By distilling the reaction products of the vapor phase acrylonitrile synthesis from acetylene and hydrocyanic acid an intermediate fraction was obtained between two main fractions, acrylonitrile and succinodinitrile. The neutral portion of the intermediate fraction was carefully distilled through an efficient column and separated into constant boiling fractions. From these fractions propionitrile, benzonitrile naphthalene were isolated and identified as the byproducts. On the basis of the boiling points and the infrared spectra of other fractions, the presence of unsaturated nitriles such as 1-cyanobuta-diene, 2-cyanobutadiene, 1-cyanohexatriene, 2-cyanohexatriene, 3-cyanohexatriene as the constituents of the neutral portion was suggested.
Heartfelt thanks are to be returned to Professors Shiro Akabori and Shunsuke Murahashi of Osaka University for their kind instruction and suggestions, to Kazuo Adachi, Masamichi Miura, Tadamichi Fukunaga, Tatsuo Takaya, Yasumasa Kiyokawa, Shinpei Hamada, Sumihiko Mori, Tohoru Okuda and Noriyuki Yamamoto for their helpful technical assistance, and to Yoshiki Matsui for taking infrared absorption spectra.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. VIII. The Effects of the Substituents on the Thermal Dissociation of Tri-substituted Ureas
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Ozaki Shoichiro , Kobayashi Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate constants of the thermal dissociation of tri-substituted ureas in fatty acids and alcohols were determined. It was shown that tri-substituted ureas dissociate faster than 1, 3-dis-substituted ureas. In tri-substituted ureas, the rates in alcohols are faster than in fatty acids in contrast with 1, 3-disubstituted ureas.
Tetra-substituted ureas which are not formed by the addition reaction do not react under the same condition with tri-substituted ureas.
The bimolecular mechanism for the dissociation of ureas involving the direct attack of one solvent molecule on urea was denied.