bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of 1‐14C arachidonic acid in pyridoxine‐deficient and pair‐fed control rats
Authors: Coniglio J. G. , Culp F. B. , Goswami A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe metabolism of 1‐14C arachidonate was studied in pyridoxine‐deficient and pair‐fed pyridoxine‐supplemented control rats. The studies included intestinal absorption, oxidation to14CO2, organ uptakes and distribution of14C in the fatty acids of the various organs. Generally, pyridoxine deficiency resulted in little or no alteration of the metabolism of arachidonic acid 6 and 12 hrs after oral administration. A notable exception occurred in hearts of deficient animals in which the proportion of the incorporated14C activity found in fatty acids other than 20:4 was larger than that observed in hearts of pyridoxine‐supplemented animals. A significant amount of14C activity in a water‐soluble form was observed in hydrolysates of intestinal contents and of intestines of both groups. Pyridoxine‐deficient rats had larger quantities than their respective pair‐fed pyridoxine‐supplemented controls. Most of the14C activity of fatty acids of various organs was present as arachidonic acid, but significant activity was present both in fatty acids of shorter and of longer retention time than 20:4. In brain about 20% of the14C activity in fatty acids was in a fraction tentatively identified as an 18:2 isomer. In lungs about 10% of the14C activity was in a fraction tentatively identified as a 22:2 isomer and a similar quantity was observed in a polyene tentatively identified as a 22:4.
Absorption and metabolism of 1‐14C‐methyl linoleate hydroperoxide
Authors: Bergan J. G. , Draper H. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe absorption and metabolism of 1‐14C‐methyl linoleate hydroperoxide by rats was investigated. After intubation with 2 mg of peroxide, peak14CO2 production occurred at 90 min and 25% of the dose was expired in 24 hr. Fortyfive per cent stil remained in the gastrointestinal tract after 24 hr, most of it bound to the stomach epithelium in the form of intact peroxide. Lymph was collected from the thoracic duct 2 hr after intubation and examined for labeled metabolites. Seven per cent of the radioactivity in the lymph was present in a free 1‐14C‐hydroxy fatty acid and 31% in its methyl ester. Fifty‐seven per cent occurred in lymph triglycerides where it was equally distributed between a 1‐14C‐trienoic fatty acid and an unidentified 1‐14C‐oxy acid. The radioactivity in liver lipids was associated mainly with randomly labeled normal fatty acids. No14C‐hydroxy acids were detected in liver lipids and no evidence was obtained for the absorption of unchanged peroxide. The hydroxy and trienoic acids appear to be formed during absorption by a reduction‐dehydration reaction sequence.
Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on lipid metabolism in isolated fat cells of epididymal fat pads of rats
Authors: Demeyer D. I. , Tan W. C. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipogenesis, lipolysis, and stimulation of glucose conversion into lipid by insulin or prostaglandin E1 were studied in isolated fat cells of the epididymal fat pads of rats fed a fat‐free diet or this diet supplemented with 10% hydrogenated coconut oil or 10% safflower seed oil. Changes in fatty acid composition, characteristic of an essential fatty acid deficiency, were well advanced in the neutral lipid but had only started in the polar lipid of the fat cells of the epididymal fat pads of animals 3 months after weaning. Cellularity of the epididymal fat pads, as indicated by protein to lipid ratio of the fat cells, was influenced greatly by hydrogenated coconut oil in the diet irrespective of an essential fatty acid deficiency. Lipogenesis was increased in the fat cells of the animals fed the hydrogenated coconut oil diet 5 weeks after weaning but was not significantly different from that of the safflower fed animals 3 months after weaning. Incorporation of glucose into lipid, oxidation to CO2, and basal lipolysis were not significantly different in the fat cells of the essential fatty acid deficient animals from those fed safflower oil 3 months after weaning, except in animals of the fat‐free group based upon cell lipid. However, conversion of glucose to free fatty acid was significantly greater in the isolated fat cells of animals fed either the hydrogenated coconut oil or the fat‐free diet than in those of animals fed the safflower oil supplement. The incorporation of glucose into lipid by isolated fat cells was stimulated significantly by insulin in young animals fed a fat‐free diet, but the effect on lipogenesis appeared to be reversed in the fat cells of animals receiving safflower seed oil 3 months after weaning. Prostaglandin E1 also appeared to stimulate the incorporation of glucose into lipid in the fat cells of the older animals receiving safflower seed oil. Differences in osmolarity produced large differences in utilization of glucose and release of lipid from isolated fat cells, but no significant differences were observed between the cells from animals fed the fat‐free diet and those from the controls fed safflower oil. The results demonstrated the effects of diets containing fat or no fat on enzyme activities and membrane properties of fat cells of the epididymal fat pads of essential fatty acid deficient rats.
Synthesis of 1,2 dilinoleoyl and 1,2 dipalmitoylsn‐3‐glycerophosphorylcholine
Authors: Gordon D. T. , Jensen R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,2 dilinoleoylsn‐3‐glycerophosphorylcholine (1,2‐18∶2‐sn‐3‐GPC) and 1,2 dipalmitoylsn‐3‐glycerophosphorylcholine (1,2‐16∶0‐sn‐3‐SPC) is described. Synthesis was accomplished by acylating free glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) with the anhydride and potassium salt of the desired acid. Purification of 1,2‐16∶0‐sn‐3‐GPC was accomplished by crystallization, while purification of 1,2‐18∶2‐sn‐3‐GPC required the use of alumina column chromatography and then crystallization from acetone at −7C.
Ascarosides of the ovaries and eggs ofAscaris lumbricoides (Nematoda)
Authors: Tarr George E. , Fairbairn Donald 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNearly all ascarosides in the ovaries ofA. lumbricoides occurred as esters. Among 15 identified esters, 13 occurred at concentrations exceeding 0.1% of the total ascarosides. Each ester consisted of one or two moles of glycone (ascarylose) and several homologs of long chain aglycone. The acid residues consisted of 95.6 mol % acetate and 4.4 mol % propionate. When present, propionate occurred only at the 2′ position of the glycone, which was always esterified. Esters with more than one free hydroxyl group were scarce, 89 wt % of the ascarosides being completely esterified. Monol aglycones contained 25–32 carbon atoms. The C29 homolog was most abundant, and ca. 25 wt% of these aglycones were branched and even‐numbered. Diol aglycones were unbranched C29–35 homologs, C31 and C33 being about equally abundant in diol ascarosides and C33 most common in diol diascarosides. Within each ascaroside class the proportions of different homologs were correlated with the extent of esterification. Free ascarosides of the ascaroside layer of the egg shell, which are formed from the ovarian esters, consisted of 12% monol ascaroside, 10% diol ascaroside, 8% diol diascaroside and 70% diol ascaroside containing an acetylated aglycone. The absence from ascaroside esters of the α‐methyl butyrate and α‐methyl valerate residues which are plentiful in ovarian triglycerides and waxes suggests considerable biosynthetic specificity.
Sphingolipids of the fungiPhycomycetes blakesleeanus andFusarium lini
Authors: Weiss Benjamin , Stiller Richard L. , Cecil R. , Jack M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCeramides and cerebrosides isolated fromPhycomyces blakesleeanus andFusarium lini together comprise ca. 0.2–0.3% of the cell dry weight, which is ca. 7–8% of the wet weight. The long chain bases obtained from these sphingolipids are (A) 16‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy heptadecasphinganine; (B) 4‐hydroxy octadecasphinganine; (C) 17‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy octadecasphinganine; (D) 18‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy nonadecasphinganine; (E) 19‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy eicosasphinganine; (F) 20‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy heneicosasphinganine; (G) 20‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy heneicosa‐X1‐sphingenine; (H) 20‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐heneicosa‐X2‐sphingenine; (I) 4‐hydroxy docosasphinganine; (J) 4‐hydroxy docosa‐X1‐sphingenine; and (K) 4‐hydroxy docosa‐X2‐sphingenine (The position, geometry and nature of unsaturation are unknown. The subscripts indicate the presence of two different unsaturated bases.) The occurrence in biological materials other than mushrooms of bases (D), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J) and (K) has not been previously reported. (The nomenclature used is that recommended by IUPAC‐IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. The configurations at carbon atoms 2, 3 and 4 are unknown in all cases.) The major normal fatty acids are palmitate, stearate, octadecenoate and octadecadienoate inP. blakesleeanus and stearate inF. lini. The predominant hydroxy fatty acids are hydroxypentadecanoate and hydroxypalmitate inP. blakesleeanus and hydroxy stearate inF. lini. The hexose from the cerebrosides of both fungi is glucose, except cerebroside II ofP. blakesleeanus which contains glucose and galactose.
Pyrolysis of saturated triglycerides
Authors: Nichols Patrick C. , Holman Ralph T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSaturated monoacid triglycerides were pyrolyzed in a flowing atmosphere of helium at 630–650 C, and the products were colleted at low temperature. They were fractionated by thin layer chromatography, according to polarity, and were further resolved and analyzed by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry and IR spectrometry. Alkanes, alkenes, ketones, esters, free acids and cyclic products were identified. Among the latter are probably lactones and substituted dioxanes and dioxolanes, for which structures have been postulated. The parent acid of the triglyceride and the cyclic residual products, after loss of one acid group from the triglyceride, were prominent products. Many products of pyrolysis had structures similar to the major ions produced in the mass spectrum of the triglyceride.
Observations on the role of vitamin E in the toxicity of oxidized fats
Authors: Privett O. S. , Cortesi Reto 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies are reported on the relative effects of in vivo oxidation produced by diets devoid of vitamin E and the consumption of oxidized fat. Rats of the Sprague‐Dawley strain were raised from weaning on a sucrose‐casein diet containing minerals and vitamins in the required amounts, supplemented with 10% of safflower oil, menhaden oil, hydrogenated coconut oil or no fat. Animals of ca. 185 g of the group fed the 10% safflower oil were then switched for 4 weeks to safflower or menhaden oil‐supplemented diets that were allowed to oxidize by exposing them to room temperature in the dark for 2–8 days. For comparison with effects of in vivo oxidation, animals were raised from weaning on similar fresh diets devoid of vitamin E. Consumption of oxidized fat was accompanied by loss of weight, effects on the size of the organs, changes in triglyceride levels and production of TBA‐reacting substances in the tissues. There was no effect on the induced swelling of liver mitochondria or the susceptibility of erythrocytes to hemolysis in these animals. Growth was also suppressed in the animals fed the vitamin E‐free diets, and in vivo oxidation in these animals produced marked effects on the membrane properties of erythrocytes and liver mitochondria.
Simultaneous partial purification of sterol ester hydrolase and lipase from rabbit pancreas
Authors: Morin Robert J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSterol ester hydrolase and lipase from rabbit pancreatic aqueous extracts were partially purified simultaneously by a rapid method consisting of an initial 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by chromatography with sodium taurocholate on a 10% agarose gel column (0.5 million exclusion limit), followed by precipitation of both enzymes with heparin and MnCl2. Sterol ester hydrolase was 39‐fold purified and lipase 42‐fold purified, as compared to the initial extract. The enzymes could be partially separated by a DEAE ion exchange procedure, and exhibited different quantitative responses to several activators and inhibitors.
Metabolism of linoleate versus linoelaidate in the laying hen
Authors: Lanser Alan C. , Mounts T. L. , Emken E. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe metabolic fate in the laying hen of linoelaidic acid, thetrans,trans‐geometric isomer of linoleic acid, was compared to that of the naturally occurringcis,cis linoleate. In two experiments, mixtures of radioisotope‐labeled linoleate and linoelaidate were orally administered to a set of three laying hens. A third mixture consisting of linoleate‐3H and linoleate‐14C was fed to three hens to measure biological isotope effects. Isotopic ratios (3H/14C) of the neutral lipid and phospholipid fractions isolated from egg yolks and of the octadecadienoic acids from these fractions were compared to those of the administered mixtures. The3H/14C ratiosindicate that linoelaidic acid and linoleic acid are equally incorporated into egg yolk neutral lipids and phospholipids. Arachidonic acid was found exclusively in the phospholipid fraction and was radiolabeled with the isotope from thecis,cis octadecadienoate isomer only. Further detailed analysis of individual neutral lipid components indicated: (a) discrimination against thetrans,trans isomer in cholesteryl esters and (b) no discrimination against either isomer in triacylglycerols.
Tissue variation in hydrocarbon composition in the rabbit
Authors: Ferretti Aldo , Flanagan Vincent P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study, which deals with the distribution of hydrocarbons in seven types of rabbit tissues, was done for the purpose of providing information that might help shed light on the biological relevance of the hydrocarbons in mammalian metabolism. Liver, kidneys, brain, spleen, skeletal muscle, perinephric adipose, and a sample of blood serum were collected from a single animal for analysis of their hydrocarbon composition. The analytical methodology consisted of solvent extraction, saponification (adipose), elution chromatography on hydrated alumina, and combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Hydrocarbons were detected in all of the tissues examined at concentrations estimated to range from 0.1 to 0.01% of the total lipid extracted. Three quite distinct distribution modes were recognized. The bulk of the identified components consisted of normal, saturated, nonterpenoid hydrocarbons in the C16 to C33 range. Squalene, phytene, phytadiene, and pristane were the only terpenoids detected. Nonterepenoid branched (iso andanteiso) hydrocarbons were identified unequivocally and in significant amounts in the muscle only. The adipose was the only tissue which was relatively rich in monoalkenes, and its overall hydrocarbon composition closely resembled that of the feed. The results of the study are not consistent with metabolic inertness. The observed qualitative and quantitative differences might reflect function and metabolic activities of the individual organs in a way yet to be elucidated.
The effects of original and randomized rapeseed oils containing high or very low levels of erucic acid on cardiac lipids and myocardial lesions in rats
Authors: Hung S. , Umemura T. , Yamashiro S. , Slinger S. J. , Holub B. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe nutritional status of the very lowerucate rapeseed oil,Brassica napus var. ‘Tower,’ was compared with that of the high‐erucate oil,Brassica napus var. ‘Target’, as well as with corn oil. The effect of randomization on the nutritional qualities of rapeseed oil was investigated as well. The feeding of diets containing the original and randomized ‘Tower” oil or the original ‘Target’ oil, at the 20% level by weight, gave growth rates which were not significantly different from that for corn oil. However, the randomized ‘Target’ oil gave growth rates which were significantly less than all other groups. The growth results could not be explained simply on the basis of food consumption. The level of triglycerides in the hearts of rats fed the very low‐erucate oils was not significantly different from the corn oil group. Triglyceride concentrations in the hearts of animals given the high‐erucate oils were 7–12 times greater than all other groups. The level of total fatty acids in tissue phospholipids was the same regardless of dietary treatment. Fatty acid compositions of the tissue lipids were the same in animals fed either the original or randomized rapeseed oils. A much higher incidence of focal myocardial necrosis was found in animals receiving high‐erucate rapeseed oil relative to animals given the corn oil. The incidence in rats fed diets containing very low‐erucate rapeseed oil was intermediate between these latter two extremes.
Gas chromatographic separation of cholesteryl esters of fatty acids of different degrees of unsaturation
Authors: Takagi Toru , Sakai Akira , Itabashi Yutaka , Hayashi Kenji 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCholesteryl esters prepared from the fatty acid methyl esters of linseed oil, pig liver lipids, and Japanese anchovy oil have been separated on the basis of their chain lengths and number of double bonds by gas lipid chromatography on a cyanosiloxane SILAR 10C column. The equivalent chain lengths of cholesteryl esters having acyl groups with 14–22 carbons and 0–6 double bonds are presented. A significant influence of the column temperature on the equivalent chain lengths of the polyenoic fatty acid cholesteryl esters has been found. Separation of the cholestanyl and epicholestanyl esters of linseed oil fatty acids, respectively, under the same conditions is also described.
Hydrocarbon gases produced during in vitro peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and decomposition of preformed hydroperoxides
Authors: Dumelin Erich E. , Tappel Al L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHydrocarbon gases have been used previously as an index of lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. In vitro experiments are reported on the formation of hydrocarbon gases from peroxidizing ω‐3 and ω‐6 fatty acids. Hydrocarbon gases were not related during a 20‐hr peroxidation phase but were released following the decomposition of hydroperoxides by addition of excess ascorbic acid. The major hydrocarbon gas products in iron, copper, or hematin catalyzed peroxidation systems were ethane or ethylene from linolenic acid, and pentane from linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Calculations of the ratios of hydrocarbon gases formed were based on fatty acid decrease and/or change in diene conjugation and peroxide values. Depending on the fatty acid, catalyst, and calculation basis used, pentane formation was a high as 1.3 mol %, ethanol 4.3 mol %, and ethylene 10.6 mol %.
Determination of lipid conjugated dienes with tetracyano‐ethylene‐14C: Significance for study of the pathology of lipid peroxidation
Authors: Waller Robert L. , Recknagel Richard O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method for quantitative analysis of conjugated diene unsaturation has been developed utilizing tetracyanoethylene‐14C (TCNE‐14C) in a Diels‐Alder condensation. The amount of C14 found in the Diels‐Alder adduct has been shown to be a measure of conjugated diene content. The method has proven successful in analysis of a variety of triglycerides, phospholipids, and peroxidized tissue lipids. In the course of this work, a method for removing the fatty acid substituents from phospholipids using lithium aluminum hydride was developed. TCNE‐14C analysis for conjugated dienes in rat liver microsomal lipids after dosing with CCl4 or BrCCl3 has provided conclusive evidence that the increase in ultraviolet absorption at 233 nm of these lipids is due to conjugated dienes.
Hypercholesterolemia and triglyceride secretion rates in monkeys fed different dietary fats
Authors: Nicolosi R. J. , Hayes K. C. , el Lozy M. , Herrera M. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe influence of hypercholesterolemia on the triglyceride secretion rate was studied in both squirrel and cebus monkeys fed coconut oil, corn oil, or safflower oil. The triglyceride secretion rate (TGSR) was determined in vivo following the administration of Triton WR1339, which blocks the clearance of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Thus, the increase observed in circulating triglyceride after Triton administration presumably reflects hepatic triglyceride (VLDL) secretion in the fasted state. The VLDL‐TGSR was lowest in hypercholesterolemic monkeys and highest in those fed unsaturated fat diets and having a low serum cholesterol. In all instances, TGSR was inversely correlated with the plasma cholesterol concentration. While a definitive explanation for these observations must await further investigation, the possibility that circulating low density lipoprotein (LDL) acts to feed back on VLDL secretion is discussed. The decreased TGSR associated with the diet‐induced cholesterolemia also implies clearance of VLDL is impaired under these conditions.
A soy extract catalyzes formation of 9‐oxo‐trans‐12,13‐epoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acid from 13‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid
Authors: Gardner H. W. , Kleiman R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn the presence of oxygen, a crude soy extract converted 13‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid into numerous products, from which 9‐oxo‐trans‐12,13‐epoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acid was isolated. Additionally, the soy extract oxidized linoleic acid to the oxo‐epoxyoctadecenoic acid, presumably via a sequential reaction involving lipoxygenase oxidation of linoleic acid followed by degradation of the resultant linoleic acid hydroperoxide. However, the linoleic acid substrate yielded two isomeric linoleic acid hydroperoxides and because of this, two isomeric oxoepoxyoctadecenoic acids.
A simplified colorimetric micromethod for determination of serum cholesterol
Authors: Bhandaru Rao R. , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Pargaonkar Padmakar S. , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple and rapid micromethod is described for quantitation of cholesterol in 5–10 μl of serum using uranyl acetate to deproteinize the serum ando‐phthalaldehyde reagent to develop color. Independent analyses of serum samples by the present method and by two reference methods, Abell‐Kendall and automated colorimetric method, indicated accuracy of the micromethod (r=0.99). Use of capillary blood specimens makes this procedure applicable for screening infants and small children.
BF3−MeOH: A single reagent for ozonolysis of monoethylenic unsaturation
Authors: Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOzonolysis of monoethylenic fatty acids in BF3−MeOH, or in MeOH with subsequent addition of BF3−MeOH, gives oxidative fission acid products as methyl esters in a nominal 100% yield and a purity ≥98% of principal acid products. The in situ esterification step requires ca. 1 hr of heating with 7 or 14% BF3, but other time requirements are much less, totalling no more than half an hour. Different liquid phases for open‐tubular gas liquid chromatography of some products are compared.
A simple method for the preparation of pure 9‐d‐hydroperoxide of linoleic acid and methyl linoleate based on the positional specificity of lipoxygenase in tomato fruit
Authors: Matthew J. A. , Chan H. W. S. , Galliard T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIncubation of linoleic acid with crude homogenate of tomato fruit gave a high yield (69%) of linoleic acid hydroperoxides with a ratio of 9‐ to 13‐hydroperoxide isomers of 96∶4. After chromatography of the products, as free acids or methyl esters, hydroperoxides with 9‐ to 13‐isomeric ratios of >99∶1 were obtained. The major product was characterized as 9‐d‐hydroperoxy‐octadeca‐trans‐10,cis‐12‐dienoic acid. The results demonstrate the positional specificity of lipoxygenase from tomato fruit.