bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in prostatic concentration of endogenous dihydrotestosterone in rats by hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Lee Chung , Hopkins David , Holland James M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPersistently high levels of circulating prolactin can be achieved in male rats when pituitaries from female donors are grafted under the renal capsule. Enhanced growth of the lateral prostate can be accomplished by an apparent synergistic effect of excess prolactin with subphysiologic doses of testosterone. To define this effect we measured the endogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations in rat prostate lobes. Twenty Sprague‐Dawley male rats (250 g) were castrated and given subcutaneous implants of silastic tubing filled with 1 cm of crystalline testosterone. Ten of these rats simultaneously received two pituitary grafts under the renal capsule. The remaining ten rats received intrarenal skeletal muscle grafts as controls. Four weeks later, the weight (mg ± SE) of the ventral and dorsal lobes were not significantly different between the two groups, while the lateral lobe was significantly (P < 0.01) heavier in rats with pituitary grafts (121.4 ± 7.5) than in controls (81.7 ± 10.4). Endogenous DHT in the tissue extracts was determined by radioimmunoassay following KMnO4 treatment to eliminate testosterone. The concentration of DHT (ng/g tissue ± SE) was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the lateral prostate of graft‐bearing animals (4.40 ± 0.29) than in the controls (5.98 ± 0.34). These results indicate that, in the rat, hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary grafts is associated with a heavier lateral prostate and a lower concentration of endogenous DHT in that tissue. These results also suggest that the action of prolactin in the rat prostate is not mediated through the action of androgen.
Epidemiological study of prostatic cancer by matched‐pair analysis
Authors: Mishina Teruo , Watanabe Hiroki , Araki Hirotaka , Nakao Masahiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1976, we designed an original questionnaire, consisting of 111 questions, directed at the epidemiology of prostatic disease. A case‐control study by matched‐pair analysis was conducted on 100 controls matched for age within 1 year and for residence in the same prefecture. Patients with prostatic cancer were distinguished from the general population of men by the following characteristics: 1) belonging to middle or lower socioeconomical class, 2) marriage at a young age and a long married life, 3) precocity, 4) vigorous sexual life followed by a fall‐off of sexuality in later life, and 5) Western food habits. Based on analysis of results obtained in this case‐control study, a high‐risk group for prostatic cancer was outlined.
A search for differentiation markers in prostatic fluid components with two‐dimensional electrophoresis and multiple protein detectors
Authors: Johnson A. H. , Merchant D. J. , Norman J. , Bourgeois N. , Lee C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComponents of prostatic fluid resolved by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were detected by dye, silver stain, and autoradiography. Five components identified by autoradiography were not recognized by the dye or silver stain. While labeled components were found in primary fractions of split ejaculates and seminal fluid in addition to prostatic fluid, they have not been found in tissue extracts of heterologous organs or human serum.
Selective osteoblast mitogens can be extracted from prostatic tissue
Authors: Koutsilieris M. , Rabbani S. A. , Goltzman D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtracts of human prostatic carcinoma and of human benign prostatic hyperplasia were found to exhibit mitogenic activity in freshly isolated rat osteoblasts, rat fibroblasts, and osteoblast‐derived osteosarcoma cells. This activity was markedly reduced by tryptic digestion of extracts, indicating its protein nature. Results of bioassay studies suggested that the prostatic material was different from a number of known growth factors. Analysis by reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed that extracts contained mitogenic activity for osteoblasts that was distinct from fibroblast‐stimulating activity. Such osteoblast growth factors could form the basis of the skeletal osteogenic response to metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma.
Concentrations of androgens in human benign prostatic hypertrophic tissues incubated for up to three days
Authors: Bolton Nicholas J. , Vihko Reijo , Lukkarinen Olavi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one samples of surgically removed benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) were brought to the laboratory either in an insulated container (ambient temperature) or on ice. They were cleaned and roughly minced at room temperature. In 18 cases, samples of up to 1 g were kept at various temperatures (4°C, c. 20°C, and 37°C) for up to 77 h; some were taken for storage (— 70°C) at the beginning and others at various times within this period. In three cases, portions of tissue were incubated in liquid medium in the absence and presence of testosterone. The concentrations of six androgens (testosterone, 5α‐dihydrostestosterone (5α‐DHT), 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, androstenedione, 5α‐androstanedione, and androsterone) were measured by radioimmunoassays.The results indicated that in conditions resembling those after death, the BPH tissue content of 5α‐DHT falls to a variable degree, while concentrations of 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, 5α‐androstanedione, and androsterone increase. After 2 to 3 days, the 5α‐DHT concentrations remained greater than those reported previously from this laboratory (and others) in normal prostate tissue removed at autopsy.
Effects of androgen blockade with ketoconazole and megestrol acetate on human prostatic protein patterns
Authors: Liu Junda , Albert Jerry , Geller Jack 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied the effects of megestrol acetate (MA) and ketoconazole (KC) on protein synthesis of epithelial and stromal cells of human prostate. Patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) were treated with MA (160 mg/day) plus KC (1,200 mg/day) for 7 days. Prostate tissues obtained from transurethral resection (TURP) were separated into epithelial and stromal cells with 0.5% collagenase. The separated cells were incubated with L‐35S‐methionine in methionine‐free MEM at 37°C for 3 hr. The protein synthesis in both epithelial and stromal cells was significantly inhibited in the group treated with MA and KC when compared to a control group (p < 0.05). The proteins incorporated with L‐35S‐methionine were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE and autoradiography. The molecular weights of the epithelial and stromal proteins inhibited ranged between 35–55K.
Heterotransplantation of human prostatic tissue
Authors: Hymer W. C. , Chapman R. , Chu M. , Croghan G. , Dekker A. , Gardner W. , Kelsey R. C. , Killian C. , Kish R. , Papsidero L. , Rohrbaugh J. , Waisman J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPieces of human prostatic tissue (˜ 1 mm3) were encapsulated in XM‐50 Amicon hollow fibers and either implanted into the testis of an adult male rat or placed in culture. The protein synthetic capacity of such tissue pieces removed 1‐42 days later was monitored by TCA precipitation, SDS‐PAGE, and autoradiography. The results showed that tissue pieces retained their functional protein synthetic elements after this procedure. A newly developed solid‐phase enzyme immunoassay for human prostatic antigen (PA), described in this report, was used to monitor PA levels in the serum of the receipient host or culture media. In some instances PA was detected 1‐2 weeks postimplantation, a result that implies maintenance of functional secretory elements in vivo. Finally, morphology of tissue pieces 1‐2 weeks postimplantation sometimes showed the presence of ductal epithelia and stromal elements in distribution patterns typical of those seen in fresh biopsy samples. We conclude that the function and structure of prostatic tissue implanted intratesticularly compares favorably with that manintained in conventional explant culture. As such, the hollow fiber method offers promise for a new way of monitoring hormonal and/or chemotherapy testing of human prostatic tissue.
Combination therapy using polyamine synthesis inhibitor alpha‐difluoromethylornithine and adriamycin in treatment of rats carrying the dunning R3327 MAT‐LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shaw Michael W. , Guinan Patrick D. , McKiel Charles F. , Dubin Alvin , Rubenstein Marvin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstate cells of human and rat origin produce polyamines in high content, whose apparent functions relate to cellular proliferation and secretory activities. Formation is dependent on the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) which is irreversibly inhibited by alpha‐difluoromethylomithine (DFMO). It has been postulated that pretreatment with DFMO may render cells more susceptible to subsequent chemotherapy. Copenhagen X Fischer F1 rats bearing the Dunning R3327 MAT‐LyLu prostatic adenocarcinoma were given DFMO or adriamycin (ADR), alone or in combination. Those receiving DFMO were continuously provided the drug ad libitum, in water (2.5 %), for the duration of the experiment, beginning 2 days prior to ADR administration. At intervals, tumor sizes were measured, animal survivals noted and comparisons made to nontreated, tumor‐bearing controls. The results indicate that ADR alone or in combination with DFMO significantly reduced tumor progression, but that only combination therapy significantly prolonged survivals. Decreased tumor progression produced by DFMO alone was not statistically significant. Differences produced with combined use were additive and suggest that DFMO may augment ADR chemotherapy.
Pretreatment plasma levels of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin binding capacity in relation to clinical staging and survival in prostatic cancer patients
Authors: Haapiainen R. , Rannikko S. , Alfthan O. , Adlercreutz H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPretreatment plasma concentrations of total testosterone (T), sex hormone binding globulin binding capacity (SHBG), T/SHBG ratio, and free testosterone (fT) were measured in 123 patients with prostatic cancer categorized into groups according to the UICC classification. The patients were randomized to orchiectomy or estrogen therapy and the mean follow‐up time was 48 months. The mean plasma levels of T were higher in patients without metastases and with intracapsular cancer, but the differences were not statistically significant. The calculated ratio of T/SHBG was noticed to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the M0 category. The prognostic significance of pretreatment T and, more impressively, T/SHBG ratio and fT was confirmed. Low pretreatment values indicated poorer prognosis. This study supports the view that there are differences in the pretreatment T and fT levels in prostatic cancer patients in relation to the stage of tumor and that these hormone assays could be used as prognostic factors.
An immunohistochemical technique for localization and semiquantitation of estramustine‐binding protein (EMBP) in rat and human prostate
Authors: Bichler Karl‐H. , Flüchter Stephan H. , Nelde Hans J. , Björk Per , Müntzing Jonas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunohistochemical technique for determination of “estramustine‐binding protein” (EMBP) in rat prostate is described. The localization and staining intensity of this protein were correlated to prostatic morphological structures in intact animals and at different time intervals after androgen deprivation by castration. EMBP was found almost exclusively in epithelial cells, while the fibromuscular stroma seemed to be negative. Intracellularly, immunostaining was confined to the cytoplasm, but was absent in nuclei. In intact rats, acinar lumina demonstrated heavy immunostaining, indicating secretion of EMBP. Orchiectomy caused a diminution of EMBP expression as well as secretion, suggesting that EMBP synthesis is under androgenic regulation.Human benign hyperplastic and cancerous prostatic specimens were also examined. All human specimens examined so far exhibited positive epithelial staining although of varying intensity. Therefore, this immunohistochemical technique may be used for studying the correlation of EMBP with tumor malignancy grade and for clinical investigations of how various treatments affect EMBP expression in prostatic carcinomas.
Single‐drug parenteral estrogen treatment in prostatic cancer: A study of two maintenance‐dose regimens
Authors: Stege Reinhard , Carlström Kjell , Collste Lars , Eriksson Ambjörn , Henriksson Peter , Pousette Åke , von Schoultz Bo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of 17 patients with prostatic cancer with 320 mg polyestradiol phosphate (PEP) as intramuscular injections every fourth week suppressed serum testosterone (T) values to orchidectomy levels within 1 month, and serum estradiol‐17β (E2) rose to a mean level of 2,456 pmol/liter after 6 months. Following 6 months of treatment, the PEP dose was reduced to 80 mg/4 weeks in 9 and 160 mg/4 weeks in eight patients. Mean T levels increased significantly after dose reduction in both groups and were above the upper orchidectomy limit at 1 month after dose reduction in the 80 mg group. Mean T levels, however, remained below this level at 5 months in the 160 mg group. Dose reduction caused a rise in gonadotropin levels in the 80 mg but not in the 160 mg group. While 320 mg/4 weeks may be a suitable initial dosage, doses ≪ 160 mg/4 weeks are insufficient as maintenance dosages if orchidectomy values of T are required.
Effect of DMSO and DFMO on rat prostate tumor growth
Authors: Carvalho Luciano , Foulkes Kathleen , Mickey Don D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn anaplastic, metastatic subline of the Dunning rat tumor was exposed to non‐cytodestructive doses of the cellular differentiation agents dimethylsulfoxide and difluoromethylornithine. Copenhagen rats hosting prostate tumors were evaluated by comparing solid tumor growth resulting from injection of treated cells with solid tumor growth of untreated control cells. Results showed significantly slower solid tumor growth after a 15 day in vitro exposure of cells to either agent, after oral treatment of host animals for 20 days with either agent before injection of untreated tumor cells, and after oral treatment of host animals with either agent initiated on the day of untreated tumor cell injection. Treatment of animals with established tumors with either agent also had an inhibitory effect on tumor growth, and the effect was related to the length of treatment.Thus, exposure of these highly malignant rat prostate carcinoma cells to non‐cytotoxic doses of either agent induced slower tumor growth rates. Treatment with either agent could have selected for a slower growing population of tumor cells. Since a slowing of cell cycle transit times is an early indicator of cellular differentiation, these results could reflect an increase in the capacity of the malignant cells to differentiate.
Morphodynamic and biochemical assessment of seminal plasma in patients who underwent local prostatic hyperthermia
Authors: Rigatti Patrizio , Buonaguidi Arturo , Grasso Marco , Lania Caterina , Montorsi Francesco , Colombo Renzo , Galli Laura , Guazzoni Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFourteen young and sexually active patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis who failed to respond to conventional medical therapy underwent four 60 minute sessions of local prostatic hyperthermia. Calculated prostatic temperature was 42 ± 0.5°C. Analysis of seminal plasma was performed pre‐ and postoperatively and included: number, motility, and morphology of spermatozoa; zinc, citric acid, D‐fructose, and free testosterone content. Pre‐operative semen analysis was normal in five patients and abnormal in nine. Morphodynamic and biochemical patterns of seminal plasma were not significantly altered by thermotherapy. Local prostatic hyperthermia can be safely used in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis not responding to conventional medical therapy and desiring to preserve their reproductive potential.
Flow cytometric analysis of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: The use of archival DNA analysis in conjunction with pathological grading to predict clinical outcome following radical retropubic prostatectomy
Authors: Ring Kenneth S. , Karp Frieda S. , Olsson Carl A. , O'Toole Kathleen , Bixon Ronda , Benson Mitchell C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐four specimens from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically confined prostate cancer between 1983 and 1987 were reviewed to determine the potential for flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of DNA ploidy and replication rate to predict disease recurrence. Each specimen was deparaffinized for FCM analysis and the pathology slides were reviewed by a single pathologist. FCM characteristics were correlated with pathological grade and stage, and both were correlated with disease status. In this series of patients, routine FCM analysis of DNA ploidy and replication rate failed to significantly enhance the ability of standard histopathological grading to predict disease recurrence in patients having clinically localized prostate cancer. Aneuploid tumors pathologically confined to the prostate did not appear to negatively affect prognosis.
Morphologic and biochemical alterations in rat prostatic tumors induced by fetal urogenital sinus mesenchyme
Authors: Chung Leland W. K. , Zhau Haiyen E. , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause fetal urogenital sinus mesenchyme (UGM) has been found to be highly inductive when recombined with normal adult prostate tissues or normal and neoplastic bladder epithelium, we investigated whether fetal UGM also interacts with established hormone‐responsive and unresponsive rat Dunning and Nb prostate tumors. Our results indicate that: 1) fetal UGM acts directly on selected rat prostatic tumors by inducing histomorphologic changes (e.g., inducing acinar ductal structures and secretory activity) in the tumors toward more differentiated forms resembling that of the adult prostate gland; 2) fetal UGM either increased the growth rate of or maintained the sizes of three of the four interacting rat prostatic tumors; and 3) fetal UGM markedly reduced the lactate dehydrogenase activity of Nb‐autonomous tumor toward a level comparable to that of the normal rat prostate gland. Our data suggest that fetal UGM can directly affect the growth and differentiative functions of selected rat prostatic tumors.
Involvement of vitronectin and of a natural extracellular matrix in prostatic cell to cell contact and interaction with the substratum in culture
Authors: Chevalier Simone , Chapdelain Alcide 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe kinetics and regulation of attachment, the spreading and initial growth of canine prostatic epithelial cells in primary monolayers, as well as the ability of the cells to produce a natural extracellular matrix (nECM) have been studied. Within 1 day of culture, attachment without spreading occurred in uncoated dishes while spreading was observed in nECM‐coated dishes. The attachment was stimulated by dialyzed fetal bovine serum (dFBS) and/or by the nECM and was not affected by the presence of cycloheximide at 10−6 M. This effect of dFBS on attachment was maximal at a concentration of 10% and increased with cell density and was mainly attributed to vitronectin as demonstrated by gel filtration, selective adsorption of serum proteins to the substratum, and indirect immunofluorescence of prostatic epithelial cells incubated with a rabbit antiserum against bovine vitronectin. Dog serum reduced attachment while bovine serum albumin, phenol red, and steroids were inactive. The maximal effect of the nECM on attachment was observed with matrices produced by canine prostatic epithelial cells cultured in the presence of dog serum for more than 10 days. As revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several proteins of relative mass (Mr) of 210, 113, 61, 56, 52, 49, 45, and 42 kDa remained in the dish following nECM denudation and could be responsible for its effect on attachment. Their deposition as well as intercell adhesion and cell‐to‐substratum interactions required an active protein synthesis plus non‐steroidal serum components. Once attached and spread in primary monolayers, prostatic epithelial cells divided by the 3rd to 4th day; their growth, stimulated by dFBS at an optimal concentration of 20%, was inhibited by cycloheximide while the nECM was inactive. Thus, vitronectin in serum and the nECM synthesized by canine prostatic epithelial cells are responsible for the attachment and spreading of homologous cells to an in vitro substratum; nECM proteins also contribute to cell‐to‐cell contact and cell‐to‐substratum interaction in the monolayers.
Secretion of inhibin‐like material by rat ventral prostate epithelial cells in culture
Authors: Kharbanda Kusum , Dhingra Sushma R. , Duraiswami S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonolayer cultures of epithelial as well as stromal components of the rat ventral prostate were established, taking advantage of differences in the requirement of sera supplementation and also in the temporal span for attachment. These monolayers were characterized and used to identify the cellular source of prostatic inhibin. The spent medium obtained from epithelial cell monolayer alone had significant inhibin‐like activity.
AgNOR staining in benign hyperplasia and carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Mamaeva Stella , Lundgren Rolf , Elfving Peter , Limon Janusz , Mandahl Nils , Mamaev Nikolai , Henrikson Hans , Heim Sverre , Mitelman Felix 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have modified existing techniques for silver staining of nucleolar organizer regions of intact interphase cells by hypotonic swelling and by formic acid treatment to reduce background staining. This allowed the microscopic identification and counting of individual AgNORs in the nucleoli. The method was used on nine adenomatous prostatic samples (including one of normal prostate tissue outside a localized tumor) and on seven prostatic adenocarcinomas. In general, the adenomatous samples displayed fewer AgNORs (mean 13 dots/cell) than did the carcinomas (mean 24 dots/cell). Although no cells with very high AgNOR counts were found in specimens from nonmalignant tumors, two of the adenomatous prostates did have AgNOR profiles that to a large extent overlapped with those of carcinomas. A highly differentiated carcinoma (of which only very small amounts were present in the sample) had low AgNOR counts. The three moderately differentiated carcinomas had more silver‐positive material than the nonmalignant prostates but less than the three poorly differentiated carcinomas. The latter tumors also had a substantial proportion of cells with <60 AgNOR counts, something that was never seen in carcinomas with higher differentiation. The data indicate that analysis of silver staining‐positive material in intact interphase cells may help distinguish between benign and malignant prostatic tumors and between highly malignant and low malignant carcinomas.