bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Cyano‐Bridged Magnetic Nanoparticles Using Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Clavel Guylhaine , Larionova Joulia , Guari Yannick , Guérin Christian 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA principally new exploit of ionic liquids as an alternative reaction medium in the synthesis of cyano‐bridged coordination‐polymer nanoparticles is reported. Stable colloid solutions containing nanoparticles of cyano‐bridged molecule‐based magnets, M3[Fe(CN)6]2/[RMIM][BF4] (M2+=Ni, Cu, Co) and Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3/[RMIM][BF4] (R=1‐butyl (BMIM), 1‐decyl (DMIM)), were prepared in the corresponding 1‐R‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [RMIM][BF4], which acts as both a stabilising agent and a solvent. By varying the length of the N‐alkyl chain on the imidazolium cation of [RMIM]+ and the temperature, the growing process can be controlled to produce nanoparticles of different sizes. By studying the magnetic properties of frozen colloids it is shown that the relaxation of magnetisation is strongly influenced by interparticle interactions, which leads to the appearance of spin‐glass‐like dynamics in these systems.
The Combinatorial Approach to Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Phosphoramidite Libraries, Ruthenacycles, and Artificial Enzymes
Authors: de Vries Johannes G. , Lefort Laurent 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFor a more general implementation of asymmetric catalysis in the production of fine chemicals, the screening for new catalysts and ligands must be dramatically accelerated. This is possible with a high‐throughput experimentation (HTE) approach. However, implementation of this technology requires the rapid preparation of libraries of ligands/catalysts and consequently dictates the use of simple ligands that can be readily synthesised in a robot. In this concept article, we describe how the development of new ligands based on monodentate phosphoramidites enabled the development of an integral HTE protocol for asymmetric hydrogenation. This “instant ligand library” protocol makes it possible to synthesise 96 ligands in one day and screen them the next day. Further diversity is possible by using mixtures of monodentate ligands. This concept has already led to an industrial application. Other concepts, still under development, are based on chiral ruthenacycles as new transfer hydrogenation catalysts and the use of enzymes as ligands for transition‐metal complexes.
Microwave‐Assisted Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Li Junxin , Grennberg Helena 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThermal cycloaddition of 1,3‐dipolar azomethine ylides to the sidewalls of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) has been used to prepare MWNTs that contain 2‐methylenethiol‐4‐(4‐octadecyloxyphenyl) (4), N‐octyl‐2‐(4‐octadecyloxyphenyl) (5) or 2‐(4‐octadecyloxyphenyl)pyrrolidine (6) units. All these contain the 4‐octadecyloxyphenyl substituent that acts as a solubilizing group. Microwave (MiW)‐assisted heating was found to be highly efficient for soluble MWNTs, for which the amount of added groups after only 2 h of MiW heating at 200 °C, determined by using thermogravimetric analysis, was found to be in the same range as that obtained after 100–120 h of conventional heating of soluble and insoluble MWNTs. Solubility is a key feature for a successful MiW‐heated reaction; MWNTs insoluble in the reaction medium yielded considerably less addends in the MiW‐heated reactions than in the conventionally heated reaction. The location and even distribution of the pyrrolidine units over the outermost layer of the MWNTs was verified by transmission electron microscopy analysis of 4 that had been treated with gold nanoparticles and thoroughly washed to remove gold particles adsorbed on nonfunctionalized parts of the MWNTs.
A leucine‐rich repeat membrane protein, 5T4, is expressed by a subtype of granule cells with dendritic arbors in specific strata of the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Imamura Fumiaki , Nagao Hiroshi , Naritsuka Hiromi , Murata Yasunobu , Taniguchi Hisaaki , Mori Kensaku 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSegregation of neuron‐type‐specific synaptic connections in different strata is a characteristic feature shared by the olfactory bulb (OB) and retina. In the mammalian OB, mitral cells form dendrodendritic synapses with granule cells (GCs) in the deep stratum of the external plexiform layer (EPL), whereas tufted cells form dendrodendritic synapses in the superficial stratum. In the search for membrane proteins with strata‐specific expression patterns, we found that a leucine‐rich repeat membrane protein (5T4 oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein) was expressed selectively by a subset of superficial GCs. The somata of 5T4‐positive GCs were localized in or near the mitral cell layer, and their apical dendrites ramified preferentially in the superficial stratum of the EPL, where tufted cell dendrites ramified. Strata‐specific expression of 5T4 was found also in the retina: 5T4 was expressed selectively by rod‐bipolar cells and a subset of amacrine cells whose dendrites ramified in a specific sublamina of the inner plexiform layer. During the perinatal and postnatal development of the OB, 5T4 expression paralleled in time the formation of dendrodendritic synapses in the EPL. Odor deprivation during the first postnatal month selectively reduced the thickness of the superficial stratum of the EPL and the number of 5T4‐positive GCs. Because 5T4 is known to interact with actin cytoskeleton, these observations suggest that 5T4 is involved in the formation or maintenance of strata‐specific dendritic ramification or synaptic connection of subsets of local interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:754–768, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ipsilateral cortical connections of dorsal and ventral premotor areas in New World owl monkeys
Authors: Stepniewska Iwona , Preuss Todd M. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn order to compare connections of premotor cortical areas of New World monkeys with those of Old World macaque monkeys and prosimian galagos, we placed injections of fluorescent tracers and wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) in dorsal (PMD) and ventral (PMV) premotor areas of owl monkeys. Motor areas and injection sites were defined by patterns of movements electrically evoked from the cortex with microelectrodes. Labeled neurons and axon terminals were located in brain sections cut either in the coronal plane or parallel to the surface of flattened cortex, and they related to architectonically and electrophysiologically defined cortical areas. Both the PMV and PMD had connections with the primary motor cortex (M1), the supplementary motor area (SMA), cingulate motor areas, somatosensory areas S2 and PV, and the posterior parietal cortex. Only the PMV had connections with somatosensory areas 3a, 1, 2, PR, and PV. The PMD received inputs from more caudal portions of the cortex of the lateral sulcus and more medial portions of the posterior parietal cortex than the PMV. The PMD and PMV were only weakly interconnected. New World owl monkeys, Old World macaque monkeys, and galagos share a number of PMV and PMD connections, suggesting preservation of a common sensorimotor network from early primates. Comparisons of PMD and PMV connectivity with the cortex of the lateral sulcus and posterior parietal cortex of owl monkeys, galagos, and macaques help identify areas that could be homologous. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:691–708, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ontogeny of 5‐HT neurons in the brainstem of the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus
Authors: Antri Myriam , Cyr André , Auclair François , Dubuc Réjean 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study examined the spatial and temporal distribution of serotonin‐immunoreactive (5‐HT‐ir) neurons in the brainstem of Petromyzon marinus at three developmental stages, larval, postmetamorphic, and reproductive. Computer‐assisted 3‐D reconstructions were made of the three main 5‐HT‐ir neuron groups. The rostralmost brainstem group was located near the posterior commissure, the second group at the isthmus, and the third group in the bulbar area. For each of those groups, the distribution of the 5‐HT‐ir neurons was very similar in the three developmental stages examined, suggesting that the 5‐HT system is relatively mature early in larval animals. The soma of 5‐HT‐ir neurons increased in size and their dendritic fields increased in complexity with development. Furthermore, the number of 5‐HT‐ir neurons in each group increased significantly from the larval to the reproductive stage. To determine whether this was due to the genesis of 5‐HT neurons, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected into larval, metamorphosing, and postmetamorphic lampreys. These experiments revealed a few neurons colocalizing BrdU and 5‐HT in metamorphosing animals. Taken together, the present results suggest that 5‐HT neurons increase in number during maturation and that neurogenesis could, at least partially, contribute to the appearance of new 5‐HT cells at different developmental stages. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:788–800, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of qBrn‐1, a new member of the POU gene family, in the early developing nervous system and embryonic kidney
Authors: Lan Lei , Liu Mingnan , Liu Yang , Liu Ying , Zhang Wei , Xue Jinxiao , Xue Zhigang , He Rongqiao 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIt has been shown that POU domain genes play critical roles in the development of the nervous system. We have obtained a new member of the class III POU domain genes, qBrn‐1, from the cDNA library of embryonic day 5 quail and have made an extensive expression pattern analysis of qBrn‐1 and qBrn‐2 throughout the early embryonic development by in situ hybridization. With a specific antibody we prepared, further analysis by immunohistochemistry showed that the location of qBrn‐1 protein was consistent with that of the transcripts in the early developing quail. Our results showed that both qBrn‐1 and qBrn‐2 were preferentially expressed in the developing central nervous system, and their transcripts were initially detected in the neural plate and later in the distinct regions of the neural tube with a stage‐dependent pattern. Moreover, their expression was also detected in both notochord and neural crests. However, qBrn‐1 signal, different from qBrn‐2, was more widely found in the auditory pits, branchial arches, and in the mesodermal components of the developing kidney. And the expression of qBrn‐1 in nephric region was earlier and wider than that of mouse Brn‐1, suggesting the characteristic function of qBrn‐1 in the kidney formation. The distinct dynamic expression patterns of qBrn‐1 and qBrn‐2 indicate multiple roles of the class III POU genes in quail neurogenesis and organogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:1107–1114, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personality disorder traits evident by early adulthood and risk for eating and weight problems during middle adulthood
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey G. , Cohen Patricia , Kasen Stephanie , Brook Judith S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:The current article investigates the association of personality disorder (PD) with the subsequent development of eating and weight problems.Method:Psychiatric interviews were administered to a community‐based sample of 658 individuals at mean ages 14, 16, 22, and 33 years.Results:Individuals with PD by age 22 were at an elevated risk for eating disorders at mean age 33 years. PDs were associated with risk for onset of binge eating, purging, daily dietary restriction, and obesity among individuals without a history of these problems. Borderline and histrionic PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and purging at mean age 33 years. Antisocial and schizotypal symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and obesity at mean age 33 years. Depressive PD symptoms were associated with recurrent binging and dietary restriction at mean age 33 years.Conclusion:PD symptoms, evident by early adulthood, may be associated with the risk for the development of eating and weight problems by middle adulthood. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
An experimental investigation of recruitment bias in eating pathology research
Authors: Moss Erin L. , von Ranson Kristin M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPrevious, uncontrolled research has suggested a bias may exist in recruiting participants for eating disorder research. Recruitment biases may affect sample representativeness and generalizability of findings.Objective:This experiment investigated whether revealing that a study's topic was related to eating disorders created a self‐selection bias.Method:Young women at a university responded to advertisements containing contrasting information about the nature of a single study. We recruited one group by advertising the study under the title “Disordered Eating in Young Women”(n = 251) and another group using the title “Consumer Preferences” (n = 259).Results:Results indicated similar levels of eating pathology in both groups, so the different recruitment techniques did not engender self‐selection. However, the consumer preferences group scored higher in self‐reported social desirability.Conclusion:The level of information conveyed in study advertising does not impact reporting of eating disturbances among nonclinical samples, although there is evidence social desirability might. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Associations among postpartum depression, eating disorders, and perfectionism in a population‐based sample of adult women
Authors: Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Slof‐Op't Landt Margarita C.T. , Jones Ian , Mitchell Karen , Kendler Kenneth S. , Neale Michael C. , Aggen Steven H. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe current study investigated associations among eating disorders, depressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum, and perfectionism in a population‐based sample of women.MethodFemales who reported ≥1 pregnancy (N = 1,119) completed questionnaires assessing perfectionism, eating disorder symptomatology, and depression during pregnancy and postpartum. Information regarding participants' history of major depressive disorder (MDD) was also available from structured psychiatric interviews completed during a previous wave of data collection.ResultsDepressive symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum were high among women with a history of eating disorders. Both binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) were positively associated with symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD), even when lifetime MDD was controlled. However, logistic regression indicated that women with a history of BN and BED are at particular risk of developing PPD symptomatology. Linear regression analyses conducted with the subset of the sample who endorsed a PPD screening item suggested that the severity of PPD symptomatology may be attributable to Concern Over Mistakes, a specific aspect of perfectionism.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of assessing specific features of perfectionism. In addition, they suggest that women with BN, BED, or high Concern over Mistakes may be at particular risk of developing PPD symptoms, and could benefit from prenatal screening. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Trial of a psychoeducational eating disturbance intervention for college women: A replication and extension
Authors: Stice Eric , Orjada Kendra , Tristan Jennifer 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a controlled trial of a psychoeducational eating disturbance intervention to replicate the positive findings observed in the preliminary evaluation of this intervention and to determine whether the effects persist for a longer follow‐up period.MethodCollege women who took the psychoeducational class and a matched control sample of students (N = 95) completed pretest, posttest, and 6‐month follow‐up surveys.ResultsIntervention participants showed significantly greater reductions in thin‐ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, and eating disorder symptoms, as well as significantly less weight gain, relative to matched controls over the study period. Intervention effects tended to be larger at 6‐month follow‐up than at posttest.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the intervention effects for eating disorder risk factors and eating disorder symptoms, as well as the weight gain prevention effects, are reproducible and persist over time. This intervention has both mental health and public health significance. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Int J Eat Disord, 2006
Synthesis of Fused‐Ring Indenes by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Silver Satu , Leino Reko 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe preparation of new 1,2‐unsymmetrically substituted fused‐ring indenes from dialkenyl precursors by utilization of the ruthenium‐catalyzed ring‐closing metathesis is described. By analogous strategy, 1,3‐substituted fused‐ring indenes with medium‐ring sizes have also been synthesized. For bis(allylsilyl)indene, the formation of a 1,3‐fused ringappears to be prevented by ring strain and a 1,1‐spiro compound is obtained instead due to rearrangement of the substituents. The rearrangement is enabled by the [1,5]‐silatropic shifts operating in silyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyl compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Silylformylation – Fluoride‐Assisted Aryl Migration of Acetylenic Derivatives in a Versatile Approach to the Synthesis of Polyfunctionalised Compounds
Authors: Aronica Laura Antonella , Raffa Patrizio , Valentini Giulia , Caporusso Anna Maria , Salvadori Piero 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPolyfunctionalised aldehydes and dihydropyrans are prepared from easily available functionalised 1‐alkynes through a two‐step silylformylation/aryl migration sequence. The silylformylation process is performed under mild experimental conditions and affords the corresponding β‐silylalkenals in high yields. The fluoride‐promoted migration step occurs instantaneously with quantitative conversion. The chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselectivity can be modulated according to the nature and the position of the functional group on the acetylene precursors. When a good leaving group is present in the ω position of the aliphatic chain of the alkyne a cyclisation product is obtained, while α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes are generated from propargylic tosylamides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Studies Directed towards the Enantioselective Synthesis of Ethisolide and Isoavenaciolide
Authors: Blot Virginie , Reboul Vincent , Metzner Patrick 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of an analog of ethisolide has been achieved by using as key steps two σ[3,3] rearrangements stereocontrolled by a sulfinyl group. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Self‐Assembling of Redox‐Active Atrazine Poly(ethylenimine) Conjugates – Interfacial Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization
Authors: Chen Zhaohui , Salmain Michèle , Pradier Claire‐Marie , Fischer‐Durand Nathalie , Pailleret Alain , Bedioui Fethi , Zanna Sandrine 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThin films of polymers tethered with both atrazine haptens and ferrocenyl (Fc) probes were formed on polycrystalline gold electrodes by taking advantage of the facile formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiolates. These films were characterized by polarization modulation Fourier transform infrared reflection–absorption spectrometry (PM‐IRRAS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry. The combination of these techniques gave a full insight into the structure and the binding mode of the polymers and provided useful quantitative information about both Fc entity and atrazine hapten surface density. This may open the way to a new type of immunosensor for atrazine monitoring.
Voltammetric Studies of Parallel Electrode Processes Under Low Ionic Strength Conditions. Influence of Convection
Authors: Nowicka Anna Maria , Donten Mikolaj , Palys Marcin , Van den Bossche Bart , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIt is known that either a very strong enhancement or an almost complete depression of the height of one of two waves can be obtained when two analytes (one appropriately charged and one uncharged) are present in a quiet solution containing no supporting electrolyte. In this paper we examine whether these effects can be extended for solutions with forced convection. Three two‐analyte mixtures were examined voltammetrically under conditions of no added supporting electrolyte and added convection. The first mixture (1,1′‐ferrocenedimethanol and ferrocenesulfonate anion) changes its total charge from −1 to +1 after electrooxidation of both components. Under all applied conditions, the introduction of convection caused an increase of both waves without changing the wave height ratio. A similar behavior was observed for the mixture of ferrocene and 1,1′‐ferrocenedimethanol. For this system the total charge changes from 0 to +2. A substantial influence of convection on the ratio of two waves was found for the third mixture: ferrocene and ferrocenylmethyltrimethylammonium cation (total charge changes from +1 to +3). For this system the convection strongly depressed the migrational effects. The obtained experimental results were verified with simulations using software MIOTRAS. This software is capable of modeling diffusion, migration, convection and following homogenous reactions. The agreement between experiment and simulations was fairly good.
Determination of Dimethoate in Olive Oil by Adsorptive Stripping Square‐Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Díaz T. Galeano , Guiberteau A. , Soto M. D. López , Ortiz J. M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA method for the determination of dimethoate in olive oil by adsorptive stripping square‐wave voltammetry has been developed on the base that this pesticide is hydrolyzed in basic media giving rise to an adsorptive‐reductive peak at −0.780 V. Extraction of dimethoate from olive oil with ethanol‐water and posterior clean‐up with C18 cartridges is carried out. Response Surface Methodology has been used for the optimization of the extraction procedure. A matrix effect is observed in olive oil extract; therefore the standard addition method must be used. The detection limit is 19.00 ng g−1 and recoveries for three levels of fortification are ranged from 79.9% to 104.5%.