bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EARLY EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE INJECTED INTO 5 DAY OLD RATS
Authors: Jacobsohn Dora , Norgren A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present work deals with problems concerning a) factors influencing gonadal growth in rats during the first two weeks of life and b) the duration of action of 1.5 mg testosterone propionate (testosterone) injected subcutaneously into 5 day old rats (androgenized rats). Five groups of experiments were performed. The results were as follows:
Injection of testosterone to 5 day old males reduced the growth of testes from 5 days after injection onwards. Semicastration at 1 day after birth was followed within 14 days by a compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining testis. Androgenization did not prevent a compensatory hypertrophy, but the weight of the remaining testis was reduced as compared with uninjected males. Unilateral ovariectomy at 1 day after birth failed to influence the weight of the remaining ovary recorded after 14 days. Observations on the occurrence of first oestrus and the type of vaginal smears were made in spayed rats receiving ovarian transplants in the anterior eye chamber when 15 days old. Either donors or recipients were androgenized. Testosterone had no effect on the ovaries. Intervals between injection of testosterone and vaginal opening decreased with advancing age both in intact and spayed rats. When testosterone was given to 5 or 18 day old rats, vaginal opening occurred after about 19 and 4 days, respectively. The response of mammary glands of spayed rats with or without androgenization indicated that a) testosterone produced an effect when the rats were about 10 days old and b) testosterone was effective for approximately 15 days.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOTROPHIN ON INCORPORATION OF ADENINE-8-14C INTO THE LYMPHATIC TISSUE NUCLEIC ACIDS
Authors: Brinck-Johnsen Truls , Dougherly Thomas F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of cortisol and ACTH in vivo on various mouse lymphatic tissues were studied, using the current techniques for isolation of adenine from nucleic acids and quantitative measurement, including chromatography, spectrophotometry and radioactive tracer methods. The incorporation of adenine-8-14C into both RNA and DNA of lymphatic tissues of intact mice was reduced following prolonged treatment with cortisol or ACTH. In the absence of the adrenals ACTH enhanced the incorporation of adenine-8-14C into the RNA of lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, although a clearcut effect on increased incorporation of the purine into DNA was limited to the spleen. It was concluded that ACTH has an extraadrenal effect on lymphatic tissues.
APPARITION SIMULTANEE D'UNE INSUFFISANCE THYROIDIENNE PRIMITIVE CHEZ DES JUMELLES MONOZYGOTES
Authors: Hennen G. , Dodinval P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Female uniovular twins have developed simultaneously a symptomatology of primary hypothyroidism. This observation suggests the incidence of genetic factors in the aetiology of the disease. Comparison with adrenocortical atrophy could mean that life duration of endocrine glands might be genetically determined.
NORMAL AND DELAYED PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN THE RAT
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In rats bearing a transplanted immature ovary under the kidney capsule, the in situ ovaries were removed at oestrus. In spite of this operation the sequence of vaginal oestrous cycles was uninterrupted.
Removal of the in situ ovaries on the morning after copulation was followed by one normal vaginal oestrous cycle. After this experimental cycle, during which no corpora lutea were present, a normal pseudopregnancy was observed. Prolongation of this cycle by postponing removal of the in situ ovaries resulted in the observation that the pseudopregnancy did not occur when the experimental cycle lasted 7 or more days.
It is concluded that copulation triggers off a period of LTH secretion lasting about 8 days and which is independent of the presence of corpora lutea. This period may account for the greater part of the LTH secreted during a normal pseudopregnancy. The copulation stimulus had no direct influence on follicle maturation and subsequent spontaneous ovulation, i. e. FSH and LH secretion.
A single administration of reserpine also induced a prolonged period of LTH secretion. In contrast, the suckling stimulus did not induce prolonged LTH secretion in the absence of corpora lutea.
The oestrous cycle induced by a single administration of ergocornine methanesulphonate during pseudopregnancy was found to be followed by another pseudopregnancy of normal length, in about half the number of cases.
UNTERSUCHUNG ZUR WIRKUNG VON RHODANID AUF DEN JODSTOFFWECHSEL DER MENSCHLICHEN SCHILDDRÜSE
Authors: Reinwein D. , Irmscher K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of various concentrations of thiocyanate in the blood on the iodine metabolism of the thyroid and the renal excretion of iodide was investigated in 39 euthyroid subjects with no goiter. The thiocyanate level in blood was maintained for 14 days.
Increasing thiocyanate concentrations in the blood caused a decreased uptake of 131I from a tracer dose. Only three subjects with concentrations of thiocyanate above 7.2 mg/100 ml showed a demonstrable uptake. Vice versa the serum iodide increased up to 9.6 μg/100 ml. The absolute iodine uptake of the thyroid was at first stimulated and then inhibited by increasing concentrations of thiocyanate. A complete inhibition could not be found even with a thiocyanate level of 12.6 mg/100 ml. The hormonal phase of the thyroidal iodine metabolism and PB127I remained unchanged in most cases. In only 2 cases was there some indication of activated iodine metabolism. The renal excretion of iodide was not significantly altered. Since only a euthyroid subject and not a patient with primary hypothyroidism showed increasing inorganic 131I and 127I after thiocyanate, the iodide increase in the serum is assumed to originate mainly from the thyroid. The dissociatable thyroid iodide amounts to 0.4 mg under the experimental conditions used. On the basis of these results a competitive inhibition of the iodide concentration mechanism of the human thyroid is suggested.
EFFECT OF ETHINYLOESTRADIOL ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND URINARY TESTOSTERONE EXCRETION IN MAN
Authors: Forchielli Enrico , Rao Govind S. , Sarda Inder R. , Gibree Norman B. , Pochi Peter E. , Strauss John S. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The daily oral administration of one mg of ethinyloestradiol to normal men decreased the mean plasma testosterone from 0.84 ± 0.07 μg per 100 ml to 0.20 ± 0.04 in 21 trials and decreased the urinary testosterone from 63 ± 1.1 μg per day to 8 ± 0.3 in 16 trials.
ON THE MECHANISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND RESPONSE TO ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Staehelin M. , Barthe P. , Desaulles P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenal gland response to natural or synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone was studied at various periods after hypophysectomy. Adrenal ascorbic acid depletion was observed following the administration of ACTH at all intervals up to 10 days. In contrast, the capacity to respond to ACTH by an increase in corticosterone secretion was rapidly lost. Experiments with rat adrenal slices in vitro showed that the capacity to form corticosteroids following the addition of ACTH or 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP is rapidly lost after hypophysectomy, but that the adrenal slices are still capable of producing corticosterone if NADP and glucose-6-phosphate are added to the medium. It is concluded that the adrenal gland is still capable of responding to the action of ACTH for a considerable time after hypophysectomy, but that due to a metabolic block prior to the formation of NADPH, the adrenal is no longer capable of reacting by a further increase in corticosterone production. In addition, it was found that the effects of ACTH on blood flow and ascorbic acid output were parallel. Both effects were dose-dependent, but independent of any concomitant corticosterone secretion, and persisted during the whole period studied after hypophysectomy.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAPERITONEALLY INJECTED INSULIN, GLUCAGON, GROWTH HORMONE AND CORTISOL ON THE IN VIVO GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS IN THE MOUSE-DIAPHRAGM
Authors: Clausen Torben 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intraperitoneal injection of insulin in doses from 50 to 10 000 μU. produced from 2- to 180-fold increases in the in vivo glycogen synthesis of the intact mouse diaphragm.
Cortisol (10−8 mg to 10−1 mg), either alone or in the presence of insulin, had no direct immediate effect on the glycogen synthesis. The blood sugar level at the sampling of tissue did not differ from the controls.
Glucagon was found to stimulate glycogen synthesis. This effect could be ascribed to insulin contamination.
Growth hormone possibly had a weak stimulating effect on glycogen synthesis.
For the assay of insulin in biological fluids, the intraperitoneal technique using mice seems to be of practical value.
ÉTUDES IN VIVO SUR LE MÉTABOLISME DES ANDROGÉNES APRES ADMINISTRATION DE STÉROÏDES INHIBITEURS DE L'OVULATION
Authors: Mauvais-Jarvis P. , Jayle M. F. , Decourt J. , Louchart J. , Truffert J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Normal subjects and hirsute women with micropolycystic ovaries were treated with ethinyl-oestrenol + 3-methoxy-ethinyl-oestradiol (Lyndiol®), in view of studying the action of this compound on the production of androgens and on the urinary excretion of their metabolites.
In normal men, the production of testosterone and the excretion of androsterone and aetiocholanolone are suppressed, whereas the excretion of other 17-ketosteroids and the production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate are unchanged. Moreover, the luteinizing hormone activity (LH) in plasma is depressed.
It seems that the preparation inhibits specifically the testicular androgen production, by suppressing the hypothalamo-hypophyseal control of LH. Testosterone production and urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion are modified in the same way in women with Stein-Leventhal's syndrome. Physiopathological and therapeutical implications which come from these results are discussed.
EFFECTS OF GROWTH HORMONE AND OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON THE RELEASE OF INSULIN FROM RAT PANCREAS IN VITRO
Authors: Bouman P. R. , Bosboom R. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The release of insulin from ligated rat pancreas in vitro was measured after pre-incubation of the tissue at either high or low glucose concentrations. Insulin release was estimated by determining the glucose uptake of rat hemidiaphragms after joint incubation with the pancreatic tissue. Addition of bovine growth hormone (GH) to the pre-incubation medium in a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml significantly increased the response to glucose stimulation. Pancreatic tissue of hypophysectomized rats failed to respond to GH in vitro, although previous hypophysectomy was shown to reduce the response to glucose stimulation. Pretreatment of hypophysectomized rats with GH in doses which restored the growth rate to normal, caused the reappearance of the effect of GH in vitro. The glucose sensitivity of pancreatic tissue was also increased by pretreatment with GH in vivo alone.
It is concluded from these findings that GH may increase the sensitivity of the β-cells to glucose by direct action. Since hypophysectomy exerts an opposite effect, it is suggested that physiological levels of endogenous GH may be involved in the regulation of insulin release.
EFFECT OF DISTENSION OF UTERUS AND VAGINA ON UTERINE MOTILITY AND OXYTOCIN RELEASE IN PUERPERAL RABBITS
Authors: Fuchs Anna-Riitta , Olsen Paul , Petersen Knud , Pedersen Grete 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Uterine responses during distension of either the corpus, cervix or vagina were recorded in conscious, unrestrained rabbits at various times (from 1 h to 8 d) after parturition. The recordings were taken by means of a previously inserted intra-uterine balloon. For comparison, responses to intravenously injected oxytocin and adrenaline were also recorded.
There was no indication of a reflex release of oxytocin during these procedures. Distension of either one whole horn with up to 200 ml or one cervix with up to 80 ml of water failed to augment the contractions of the other horn, except in a few cases, when small but uncharacteristic changes in the uterine motility occurred. Vaginal distension produced uterine responses similar to that elicited by adrenaline. Distension of the genital tract is thus considered an inadequate stimulus for reflex release of oxytocin in the rabbit. However, the sensitivity of the method is such that the liberation of smaller amounts than 5 mU cannot be excluded.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF OVARIES IN SECONDARY AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Laitinen O. , Pesonen S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (Gestyl®) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (Pregnyl®) was investigated in 11 patients with secondary amenorrhoea. In order to suppress adrenal secretion the patients were given dexamethasone (Decadron®) at the same time.
In addition to the routine clinical investigations, the excretion of oestrogens, pregnanediol, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and gonadotrophin in the urine was estimated before and during the stimulation and suppression tests. Vaginal smears were also studied.
The tests showed that in four patients, androgen secretion from the ovaries was significantly increased. Five patients had an amenorrhoea of hypophyseal and two others of ovarian origin.
METABOLISM OF OESTRIOL-3-SULPHATE AND OESTRIOL-16(17?)-GLUCOSIDURONATE IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Eriksson G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A combination of oestriol-15-3H-3-sulphate (OE3-15-3H-3S) and oestriol-16-14C-16(17?)-glucosiduronate (OE3-16-14C-16(17?)Gl) was administered in the form of a continuous intravenous infusion over 310 and 280 min, respectively, to two women at midpregnancy prior to the interruption of gestation.
Eighty and 66 per cent, respectively, of the administered 3H-labelled material and 87 and 83 per cent, respectively, of the 14C-labelled material was recovered within 24 hours from the urine of the two subjects.
3H-labelled OE3-3S and both 3H- and 14C-labelled OE3-16(17?)Gl and oestriol-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3Gl) were isolated from the urine of both patients in a radiochemically homogeneous form. No 14C-labelled material was found in the OE3-3S isolated.
During the continuous infusion period, some 26 per cent of the urinary 3H-labelled material was excreted as OE3-3S, 68 per cent was present as OE3-16(17?)Gl and 6 per cent as OE3-3Gl. Corresponding proportions of the 14C-labelled urinary material were: 97 per cent OE3-16(17?)Gl and 3 per cent OE3-3Gl.
During the postinfusion period, the pattern of urinary conjugates showed a marked change: only 2 per cent of the 3H-labelled material was excreted as OE3-3S, 31 per cent was OE3-16(17?)Gl and as much as 67 per cent was OE3-3Gl. Corresponding figures for the 14C-labelled material were: 33 per cent OE3-16(17?)Gl and 67 per cent OE3-3Gl.
No radioactive oestrogens other than OE3 were detected.
The endogenous urinary oestriol (OE3) excretion during the 24 hours of experiment (expressed in OE3-equivalents) was: 0.086 mg OE3-3S, 1.87 mg OE3-16(17?)Gl and 1.57 mg of OE3-3Gl in the first subject and 0.13 mg OE3-3S, 3.01 mg OE3-16(17?)Gl and 1.53 mg of OE3-3Gl in the second patient.
From the relationship between the specific activities of the injected and isolated oestriol conjugates the amount of OE3-3S and OE3-16(17?)Gl reaching the maternal circulation during 24 hours was calculated. On basis of these values it is concluded that in midpregnancy the bulk of oestriol conjugates in the blood consists of glucosiduronates rather than of sulphates and that OE3-3Gl is a quantitatively important urinary metabolite not only of circulating OE3, but also of OE3-3S and OE3-16(17?)Gl.
UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE OESTROGENS IN THE CHICKEN OVIDUCT AND SOME OTHER ORGANS
Authors: Jonsson C.-E. , Terenius L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of radioactivity in the body of one week old pullets following injection of tritiated oestradiol and hexoestrol has been investigated. A few hours after the injection of either oestrogen, the oviduct had about twice the radioactivity of skeletal muscle, per unit wet weight. The uptake of hexoestrol in the oviduct showed further evidence of specificity in being depressed by the simultaneous administration of oestradiol or hexoestrol. In similar experiments oestradiol uptake in the oviduct showed no evidence of saturation. An oestrogen antagonist, MER-25, did not inhibit oestradiol uptake by the oviduct. The Bursa Fabricii showed no selective uptake. Absorption of tritiated oestradiol from a subcutaneous oil depot was inhibited by the presence in the depot of carrier oestradiol.
Comparison of the results with those published by others for the mammalian uterus reveals a parallelism between the relative insensitivity of the oviduct to oestrogen stimulation and its relative weak affinity for oestrogens. There is also a parallelism between the inability of MER-25 to block oestrogen stimulated oviduct growth completely and its inability to affect oestrogen accumulation by the oviduct. In both these respects the oviduct differs from the uterus.
STEROIDAL INDUCTION OF THE PREMATURE GROWTH SPURT IN PREPUBERTAL BOYS FOR EXCESSIVE HEIGHT
Authors: Whitelaw M. James , Foster Thomas N. , Graham William H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five prepubertal males ranging in age from 8–11 and whose estimated heights were all over 195 cm were treated by the induction of a premature puberty with testosterone oenanthate 200 mg twice monthly for 9 months in 4 and 5 months in one. During the first 8 months their linear growth increase ranged between 13.7 and 6.4 cm. There was also a corresponding sharp increase in weight of as much as 17.24 kg in one patient. The bone age advanced 51 months in a 9 year old boy, while in the eldest, age 11, the advance was only 24 months. There is a definite lag in the radiological evidence of epiphyseal acceleration for the first 3–4 months of anabolic therapy. After discontinuation of therapy, evidence of acceleration may persist for a like period. The final height of 4 boys is far under the estimated height on the Bayley table, the fifth is still not determined. Genital development and secondary sex characteristics were noted after the first month of therapy. The growth spurt induced by testosterone oenanthate duplicated that normally seen in the 12–14 year old boy. There is no psychic disturbance by the induction of puberty.
DIFFERENCES IN GROWTH AND THYROID FUNCTION OF PEKIN AND MUSCOVY DUCKS EITHER UNTREATED OR TREATED WITH STILBOESTROL
Authors: von Faber Hans , Häussermann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pekin ducks grow faster and show a faster and higher thyroidal 131I uptake than Muscovy ducks. Treatment with a total of 15 mg stilboestrol during the first 4 weeks had no effect on growth, thyroid weight or thyroidal 131I uptake in male or female Pekin ducklings. In male Muscovy ducklings the same treatment caused a marked inhibition of growth, a decrease in thyroid weight and a lowered thyroidal 131I uptake. Thyroxine, administered simultaneously in physiological doses, did not prevent inhibition of growth. It is therefore concluded that this inhibition is not due to the lowered thyroid function.
INCREASE IN THE MASS OF THE ADRENAL GLOMERULAR ZONE IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS SUBJECTED TO STRESS
Authors: Miller Richard A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The weights of the several zones of the adrenal cortex and the medulla were calculated from their areas in the midsection of adrenals from hypophysectomized rats injected with carbon tetrachloride, with formalin, or fed a low sodium diet, for varying periods of time. It was found that the glomerular zone of the rats so stressed was significantly heavier than that of hypophysectomized controls. The data suggest that the glomerular zone can be stimulated to enlarge by stress in the absence of the pars distalis and corticotrophin.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVII. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DECIDUALIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Lobel Bertha L. , Tic Liliane , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies were made on histochemical aspects of uteri induced to decidualize following the application of specific inhibitors of various stages of decidualization: oestrogen antagonist, and antihistamine and following the withdrawal or suppression of progesterone. In all cases decidualization was grossly impaired. Following application of the oestrogen antagonist, decidual foci did not acquire phosphatase activity. Under the influence of an antihistamine, some foci of decidualization were induced, but did not develop. Likewise, when progesterone was withdrawn on the day of induction, decidualization did not take place. Suppression of progesterone when decidualization was already established, either by ovariectomy or by administration of ergocornine, gave histochemically similar results: haemorrhage, leucocytic infiltration, breakdown of decidual tissue with loss of alkaline phosphatase and ATP-ase activities and a rise of acid phosphatase activity.
The histochemical findings add support to the postulated mechanism of decidualization which incorporates an oestrogen surge and consequent sensitization of the uterus; a histaminogenic induction of decidualization and progesterone requirement for support. They also confirm the ergocornine disturbance of progesterone status.
RESIN UPTAKE OF 131I-LABELLED TRIIODOTHYRONINE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF IODINE
Authors: Bois-Svensson Ingeborg , Einhorn J. , Wicklund Harriet 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of administering large doses of inorganic and organic iodine on the PBI, thyroidal uptake of radioiodine and the resin sponge uptake of 131I triiodothyronine has been studied on 38 euthyroid subjects. The resin sponge uptake is unaffected by large doses of iodine, which depress the thyroidal uptake and affect the result of the PBI test.
FRACTIONATED 131I THERAPY IN LARGE TOXIC GOITRES
Authors: Säterborg N.-E. , Einhorn J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of, and complications associated with, 131I therapy in 123 cases of hyperthyroidism with large nodular toxic goitre are reported. The results improved with the size of the first dose, but the frequency of early reactions also increased with the dose.
Fractionated radioiodine therapy is recommended in the management of patients with large nodular toxic goitre and tracheal compression or severe hyperthyroidism. The results for 34 patients treated by this method and followed up for at least one year are reported.
EFFECT OF THYROID HORMONES, SOMATOTROPHIN, INSULIN AND CORTICOSTEROIDS ON SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN IN GRANULATION TISSUE BOTH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
Authors: Mikkonen Leena , Lampiaho Kirsti , Kulonen E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of hormonal factors on the collagen synthesis in experimental granulation tissue of rats was studied (1) in vivo by assessing the development of the tensile strength and (2) in vitro by measuring the capacity of collagen synthesis from 14C-proline by incubated granuloma slices. The hormonal agents were either administered in vivo or added to the incubation media.
When hormones were given in vivo, only cortisol affected the tensile strength of the granuloma markedly, but when the capacity of collagen synthesis was assessed, it was found that somatotrophin slightly increased and thyroxine decreased the synthesis. The effect of glucocorticoids, if any, was to increase the conversion of labelled proline into hydroxyproline.
In those experiments in which the hormonal factors were added to the incubation media, thyroxine and particularly insulin, increased the incorporation of 14C-proline into collagen. Somatotrophin decreased the incorporation of proline in these experiments, presumably by artifact reactions.