bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standard maximum isometric voluntary contraction tests for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG
Authors: Boettcher Craig E. , Ginn Karen A. , Cathers Ian 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA comparison of electromyographic (EMG) activity of muscles between and within subjects, and during separate occasions of testing, requires normalization. The most common way for generating the reference level used for normalizing shoulder EMG data is with a maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC). The purpose of this study was to develop a parsimonious set of standardized tests that generate an MVIC in all the major muscle groups of the shoulder. Twelve muscles of the dominant shoulder of 15 subjects were examined using a combination of surface and intramuscular electrodes during 15 tests. The results indicated that many tests maximally activated more than one muscle simultaneously. Four tests were identified as being sufficient for generating an MVIC in the 12 muscles examined and are recommended as the standard set for normalizing shoulder muscle EMG: abduction 90° with internal rotation (“empty can”), internal rotation in 90° abduction (“internal rotation 90°”), flexion at 125° with scapula resistance (“flexion 125°”), and horizontal adduction at 90° flexion (“palm press”). The use of these shoulder normalization tests will make comparisons between shoulder EMG studies more reliable. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Can suture repair of ACL transection restore normal anteroposterior laxity of the knee? An ex vivo study
Authors: Fleming Braden C. , Carey James L. , Spindler Kurt P. , Murray Martha M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRecent work has suggested the transected anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can heal and support reasonable loads if repaired with sutures and a bioactive scaffold; however, use of a traditional suture configuration results in knees with increased anterior–posterior (AP) laxity. The objective was to determine whether one of five different suture repair constructs when performed at two different joint positions would restore normal AP knee laxity. AP laxity of the porcine knee at 60° of flexion was evaluated for five suture repair techniques. Femoral fixation for all repair techniques utilized a suture anchor. Primary repair was to either the tibial stump, one of three bony locations in the ACL footprint, or a hybrid bony fixation. All five repairs were tied with the knee in first 30° and then 60° of flexion for a total of 10 repair constructs. Suture repair to bony fixation points within the anterior half of the normal ACL footprint resulted in knee laxity values within 0.5 mm of the ACL‐intact joint when the sutures were tied with the knee at 60° flexion. Suture repair to the tibial stump, or with the knee at 30° of flexion, did not restore normal AP laxity of the knee. Three specific suture repair techniques for the transected porcine ACL restored the normal AP laxity of the knee at the time of surgery. Additional studies defining the changes in laxity with cyclic loading and in vivo healing are indicated. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1500–1505, 2008
Recruitment of Endogenous Stem Cells for Tissue Repair
Authors: Zhao Jing , Zhang Ning , Prestwich Glenn D. , Wen Xuejun 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe traditional concept of stem cell therapy envisions the isolation of stem cells from patients, propagation and differentiation in vitro, and subsequent re‐injection of autologous cells into the patient. There are many problems associated with this paradigm, particularly during the in vitro manipulation process and the delivery and local retention of re‐injected cells. An alternative paradigm that could be easier, safer, and more efficient, would involve attracting endogenous stem cells and precursor cells to the defect site for new tissue regeneration. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a pleiotropic cytokine of mesenchymal origin, exerts a strong chemoattractive effect on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), and induces migration of MSCs in vitro. However, HGF undergoes rapid proteolysis in vivo, which results in a very short lifetime of the bioactive cytokine. To maintain the therapeutic level of HGF at the defect site necessary for endogenous stem cell recruitment, sustained, long‐term, and localized delivery of HGF is required. Thiol‐modified glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan (HA) and heparin (HP), combined with modified gelatin (Gtn), have been crosslinked with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to afford semisynthetic ECM‐like (sECM) hydrogels that can both provide controlled growth factor release and permit cell infiltration and proliferation. Herein we compare the use of different sECM compositions for controlled release of HGF and concomitant recruitment of human bone marrow MSCs into the scaffold in vitro.magnified image
Oxidation and alkali sulfate‐induced corrosion of aluminide diffusion coating with and without platinum
Authors: Knutsson P. A. , Stiller K. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA platinum‐free (MDC210) and a platinum‐rich (MDC150L) aluminide diffusion coating applied to a CMSX4 single crystal Ni‐based superalloy were investigated after exposure to sulfate‐induced corrosion and oxidation at 900 °C for a total of 100 h. Weight changes, microstructural, and microchemical analyses of the products were performed by the means of gravimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Platinum was found to have a beneficial effect on both the oxidation and corrosion resistance of the coating. In both cases the scale was thicker on the platinum‐free coating. However, the difference in the extent of oxidation of the two coatings was small.
The influence of bond coat surface roughness on chemical failure and delamination in TBC systems
Authors: Taylor M. P. , Pragnell W. M. , Evans H. E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLocalised loss of aluminium from the bond coat within thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems is a critical factor determining the lifetime of these coatings. In this paper, it will be demonstrated that electroplated MCrAlY bond coats with asperities of high aspect ratios can experience premature chemical failure during isothermal exposures at 1100 °C in air. This can result in the rapid conversion of the asperity into Co‐ and Cr‐rich oxides. The enhanced aluminium depletion within these asperities, which leads to chemical failure, is a consequence of their increased surface area coupled with a limited physical access to the reservoir of aluminium in the bulk of the bond coat. This process has been demonstrated using the 2‐D finite‐difference model ODIN which predicts a depletion to less than 1 at% aluminium within a typical asperity after 1 h exposure at 1100 °C. The results also show that the aluminium content of the bulk of the bond coat is sufficient to enable the formation of a continuous protective alumina underneath these regions, as observed experimentally. It is suggested that the volume increase associated with the conversion of the bond coat asperities into breakaway oxide results in out‐of‐plane tensile stress development at the oxidation temperature. These stresses are anticipated to be at a maximum between the oxide asperities and are thought to nucleate small, sub‐critical cracks at these locations at temperature. Further delamination will occur during cooling both by the extension of these cracks and by the growth of crack‐like defects within the porous breakaway oxides.
Do motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients predict caregiver strain and depression?
Authors: Carter Julie H. , Stewart Barbara J. , Lyons Karen S. , Archbold Patricia G. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOur objective was to understand the impact of motor and nonmotor symptoms of patients with early and middle stage Parkinson's disease (PD) on their spouses' caregiver strain and depression. A sample of 219 spouse caregivers of PD patients participating in a clinical trial was evaluated for six dimensions of caregiver strain and depression using the Family Care Inventory. Motor and nonmotor (i.e., psychological) clinical symptoms collected from PD patients as part of the clinical trial protocol were used as predictors. Seven hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine the contribution of the motor and nonmotor clinical symptoms in explaining variation in each of the seven caregiver‐dependent variables. Clinical symptoms explained 9–16% of the variance in caregiver strain and 10% of depression. Motor symptoms explained 0–6% of the variance and nonmotor psychological symptoms explained 7–13% of the variance in caregiver strain. Comparing our findings with literature that is deemed clinically relevant for patient symptoms that predict caregiver strain, we concluded that PD patient symptoms are important predictors of caregiver strain and depression. Patient nonmotor psychological symptoms have a much greater impact on caregiver strain and depression than patient motor symptoms. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Driving assessment in Parkinson's disease—A novel predictor of performance?
Authors: Cordell Richard , Lee Hoe C. , Granger Andrew , Vieira Barry , Lee Andy H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractClinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) can make driving hazardous. The removal of the privilege to drive reduces independence; nevertheless, to protect public safety, medical practitioners require reliable screening tools to decide whether a PD driver should be on the road. The aims of this study were to examine whether clinical measures for PD patients and information provided by carers can be employed to predict impairment in driving performance. Fifty three idiopathic PD subjects and 129 age‐matched controls were assessed on open roads. Prior to the driving assessment, participants were examined by a geriatrician. Various clinical measures of PD were recorded, and their carers filled out a questionnaire assessing driving ability of the patient. The driving performance of the participants declined with age (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). Drivers with PD were significantly less competent drivers than controls. The commonest errors committed on the road were indecisiveness in T‐junctions and reduced usage of rear view and side mirrors. Only two of the clinical measures of PD patients showed links to driving performance. Information provided by carers was significantly related to driving performance of PD patients (F(4,48) = 3.87, P‐value < 0.01, R2 = 0.557). PD drivers were less competent drivers than the age‐matched control group; moreover, standard clinical measures of PD have little value in predicting their driving performance. Carers can provide valuable information to doctors in identifying unsafe PD drivers. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Free vibrations of simply supported double plate on two models of elastic soils
Authors: De Rosa M. A. , Lippiello M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper the free vibrations of simply supported rectangular plates, resting on two different models of soils, are considered. The first model called Hetényi, by the name of the deviser, assumes a continuous plate, embedded in a Winkler‐type soil to realize the foundation partial continuity. The upper plate rests on a multiple layer characterized by a Winkler‐type soil, a continuous plate and another Winkler‐type soil in sequence. The two Winkler‐type soils have different modules. In the second model, the plate will be embedded in two layers of soils, whose behavior is similar to that of the Pasternak–Kerr‐type soil. The two models have been already used for the study of the double beam system. The free motions, in both cases, are described by a homogeneous set of partial differential equations, based on Kirchhoff–Love theory. Next, the homogeneous equations of motion are solved by using the classical Navier method. The free frequencies and associated vibration mode shapes of double plate system are found and numerical examples are illustrated to compare the two models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheduling and due‐date quotation in a make‐to‐order supply chain
Authors: Kaminsky Philip , Kaya Onur 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe consider a manufacturer, served by a single supplier, who has to quote due dates to arriving customers in a make‐to‐order production environment. The manufacturer is penalized for long lead times and for missing due dates. To meet due dates, the manufacturer has to obtain components from a supplier. We model this manufacturer and supplier as a two‐machine flow shop, consider several variations of this problem, and design effective due‐date quotation and scheduling algorithms for centralized and decentralized versions of the model. We perform extensive computational testing to assess the effectiveness of our algorithms and to compare the centralized and decentralized models to quantify the value of centralized control in a make‐to‐order supply chain. Since complete information exchange and centralized control is not always practical or cost‐effective, we explore the value of partial information exchange for this system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Optimal control for linear system using genetic programming
Authors: Kumar A. Vincent Antony , Balasubramaniam P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn this paper, optimal control for a linear system with quadratic performance is obtained using genetic programming (GP). The goal is to find the optimal control with reduced calculus effort using non‐traditional methods. The obtained GP solution is compared with the traditional Runge–Kutta method. To obtain optimal control, the solution of matrix Riccati differential equation is computed based on grammatical evolution. The accuracy of the solution of the GP approach to the problem is qualitatively better than traditional methods. An illustrative numerical example is presented for the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and distribution of thioredoxin‐like 2 as the antigen for the monoclonal antibody MC3 specific to colorectal cancer
Authors: Lu Yuanyuan , Wang Xin , Liu Zhenxiong , Jin Bin , Chu Dake , Zhai Huihong , Zhang Faming , Li Kai , Ren Gui , Miranda‐Vizuete Antonio , Guo Xuegang , Fan Daiming 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMC3 is a colorectal cancer (CRC)‐specific mAb previously prepared in our laboratory that can detect CRC with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the target antigen for MC3 had not been identified due to technological limitations. In the present study, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry revealed the expression patterns of MC3 antigen (MC3‐Ag) in colon cancer cell lines and CRC tissues. Western blotting analysis showed that the MC3 antibody reproducibly recognized two ∼30 kDa proteins in the total cell lysates of human colon carcinoma cell lines SW480 and HT‐29. Using a proteomic approach, we identified two MC3 immunoreactive spots as two isoforms of thioredoxin‐like 2 (Txl‐2) protein. Further paired immunostaining showed that Txl‐2 had the same expression profile as probed by the MC3 antibody. Western blotting also showed that both antibodies could detect the same two bands, further verifying that Txl‐2 is the antigen of MC3 antibody. Additionally, tissue arrays revealed the expression patterns of Txl‐2 in various normal and cancer tissues. Further analysis showed that Txl‐2 mRNA was elevated in 18 cases of CRC tissues compared to paracancerous tissues and adjacent normal tissues.
The rat sperm proteome characterized via IPG strip prefractionation and LC‐MS/MS identification
Authors: Baker Mark A. , Hetherington Louise , Reeves Gabi , Müller Jörg , Aitken R. John 
Published: June 2008

AbstractProteomics represents a powerful tool for the analysis of mammalian spermatozoa, since these terminally differentiated cells are transcriptionally inactive and exhibit a limited dynamic range of protein expression. Here we report the identification of 5123 peptides, leading to 829 unambiguous and 2215 redundant gene products found to be present within rat spermatozoa derived from the cauda epididymis. Bioinformatics demonstrated that 60 proteins appeared to be specifically expressed in the genitourinary tract, including pyruvate dehydrogenase 1, ropporin, testis‐specific serine kinase 4, testis‐specific transporter, and retinol dehydrogenase 14. We also identified eight members of the ADAM family, seven of which have previously been detected in spermatozoa (ADAM2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐5, ‐6, ‐7, and ‐30) while ADAM34 has been identified in the sperm proteome for the first time. Approximately 21 gene products were found to possess isomerase activity including peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerases that are known to be involved in germ cell differentiation and protein disulfide isomerases that have been implicated in sperm–oocyte fusion. Furthermore, 51 gene products clustered into ion‐transporter activity. This inventory of gene products, the first ever 2‐D LC‐MS/MS analysis of rat spermatozoa, will be invaluable in directing future research into the molecular mechanisms that drive these highly specialized cells.
A Review of Recent Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) Applications for Wet Particulate Processing
Authors: Stanley Steven J. , Bolton Gary T. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractElectrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) provides the capability to measure the conductivity distribution within a given process plant delivering time evolving multi‐dimensional information which often enhances fundamental process understanding whilst improving the design and operation of the process equipment. This paper reviews previous work undertaken using ERT for applications associated to wet particulate processing. The review is split into three sections including multi‐phase flow, solid‐liquid suspensions and reactive particulate processing. Typical results from a number of examples from both, research and industrial environments are presented.
Impact of land‐surface roughness on surface winds during hurricane landfall
Authors: Zhu Ping 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of land‐surface roughness on surface winds during hurricane Wilma's landfall using high‐resolution simulations by the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Based on idealized experiments with enhanced land‐surface roughness, it is found that the overall storm intensity decreases with increase in land‐surface roughness during landfall. However, there is no apparent trend in reducing the maximum gusting winds when land‐surface roughness was increased. This result suggests that hurricane wind damage may not be assessed properly based solely on the overall storm intensity. The localized damaging winds are intimately involved with the hurricane boundary‐layer secondary circulations. When the downdraughts of the circulations are in phase with the strong hurricane momentum aloft, they can effectively transport momentum downward to result in localized damaging winds. Larger land‐surface roughness can strengthen boundary‐layer secondary circulations by creating stronger local convergence, and thus stronger downdraughts and localized damaging winds despite a weak storm intensity. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
State space sampling of feasible motions for high‐performance mobile robot navigation in complex environments
Authors: Howard Thomas M. , Green Colin J. , Kelly Alonzo , Ferguson Dave 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSampling in the space of controls or actions is a well‐established method for ensuring feasible local motion plans. However, as mobile robots advance in performance and competence in complex environments, this classical motion‐planning technique ceases to be effective. When environmental constraints severely limit the space of acceptable motions or when global motion planning expresses strong preferences, a state space sampling strategy is more effective. Although this has been evident for some time, the practical question is how to achieve it while also satisfying the severe constraints of vehicle dynamic feasibility. The paper presents an effective algorithm for state space sampling utilizing a model‐based trajectory generation approach. This method enables high‐speed navigation in highly constrained and/or partially known environments such as trails, roadways, and dense off‐road obstacle fields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust vision‐based underwater homing using self‐similar landmarks
Authors: Negre Amaury , Pradalier Cedric , Dunbabin Matthew 
Published: June 2008

AbstractNext‐generation autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) will be required to robustly identify underwater targets for tasks such as inspection, localization, and docking. Given their often unstructured operating environments, vision offers enormous potential in underwater navigation over more traditional methods; however, reliable target segmentation often plagues these systems. This paper addresses robust vision‐based target recognition by presenting a novel scale and rotationally invariant target design and recognition routine based on self‐similar landmarks that enables robust target pose estimation with respect to a single camera. These algorithms are applied to an AUV with controllers developed for vision‐based docking with the target. Experimental results show that the system performs exceptionally on limited processing power and demonstrates how the combined vision and controller system enables robust target identification and docking in a variety of operating conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ecotoxicity of selected nano‐materials to aquatic organisms
Authors: Blaise C. , Gagné F. , Férard J.F. , Eullaffroy P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPresent knowledge concerning the ecotoxic effects of nano‐materials is very limited and merits to be documented more fully. For this purpose, we appraised the toxicity of nine metallic nano‐powders (copper zinc iron oxide, nickel zinc iron oxide, yttrium iron oxide, titanium dioxide, strontium ferrite, indium tin oxide, samarium oxide, erbium oxide, and holmium oxide) and of two organic nano‐ powders (fullerene‐C60 and single‐walled carbon nanotube or SWCNT). After a simple process where nano‐powders (NPs) were prepared in aqueous solution and filtered, they were then bioassayed across several taxonomic groups including decomposers (bacteria), primary producers (micro‐algae), as well as primary and secondary consumers (micro‐invertebrates and fish). Toxicity data generated on the 11 NPs reflected a wide spectrum of sensitivity that was biological level‐, test‐, and endpoint‐specific. With all acute and chronic tests confounded for these 11 NPs, toxicity responses spanned over three orders of magnitude: >463 mg/L (24 h LC50 of the invertebrate Thamnoplatyurus platyurus for fullerene‐C60) ÷ 0.3 mg/L (96 h EC50 of the invertebrate Hydra attenuata for indium tin oxide), that is a ratio of 1543. On the basis of the MARA (Microbial Array for Risk Assessment) assay toxic fingerprint concept, it is intimated that NPs may have different modes of toxic action. When mixed in a 1:1 ratio with a certified reference material (CRM) sediment, two solid phase assays and an elutriate assay, respectively, showed that five NPs (copper zinc iron oxide, samarium oxide, erbium oxide, holmium oxide, and SWCNT) were able to increase both CRM sediment toxicity and its elutriate toxicity. This initial investigation suggests that chemicals emerging from nanotechnology may pose a risk to aquatic life in water column and sediment compartments and that further studies on their adverse effects are to be encouraged. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.