bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time in the Aesthetic Dimension of Visual Art
Authors: White Noel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the spring of 2006 the English artist Noel White met the author J.T. Fraser while staying with friends near Cordoba, Spain. Lively discussion arose between them prompted by a reading of a paper by the social scientist Barbara Adam, which argues for the recognition of a moral dimension in political decisions. What follows here is an essay based on their conversation. The essay does not comment directly on Adam's arguments, but extends the question of the moral dimension to White's own area of expertise, the visual arts. Through an analysis of aspects of the history of modern painting it offers an understanding of morality in art, not as an added extra, to be permitted or not, but, if the making of a thing is to go beyond mere emotional expression, as integral to it. This conclusion is reached by showing how it is the moral dimension that underlies the early discoveries of modern painting, which at the same time links it with earlier forms of painting, but which was an aspect subsequently overlooked in the interpretation of this new form in the modern era with perhaps hidden consequences.
Iconoclast, Iconoclastic, and Iconoclasm: Notes Towards a Genealogy
Authors: Bremmer Jan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the genealogy of the terms 'iconoclast(ic)' and 'iconoclasm.' After some observations on the beginning of early Christian art that stress the necessity of abandoning a monolithic view of Jewish, Christian, and Islamic art regarding their iconic/aniconic aspects, it is noted that 'iconoclast' is mentioned first just before the start of the iconoclastic struggle and always remained rare in Byzantium. It became known in the West by Anastasius's Latin translation of Theophanes' Chronographia Tripartita. From there it was probably picked up by Thomas Netter, whose Doctrinale against Wycliffe and his followers proved to be very influential in the early times of the Reformation when images were a focus of intense debate between Catholics and Protestants. Thus the term gradually gained in popularity and also gave rise to 'iconoclasm' and 'iconoclastic.' The present popularity of the term has promoted the grouping together of events that probably should not be considered together. It has also made scholars focus on Protestant vandalism during the Reformation period rather than on the much greater damage to medieval art caused by the Catholic Baroque period.
A Modified Tracer Selection and Tracking Procedure to Derive Winds Using Water Vapor Imagers
Authors: Deb S. K. , Kishtawal C. M. , Pal P. K. , Joshi P. C. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The remotely sensed upper-tropospheric water vapor wind information has been of increasing interest for operational meteorology. A new tracer selection based on a local image anomaly and tracking procedure, itself based on Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency, is demonstrated here for the estimation of upper-tropospheric water vapor winds both for cloudy and cloud-free regions from water vapor images. The pressure height of the selected water vapor tracers is calculated empirically using a height assignment technique based on a genetic algorithm. The new technique shows encouraging results when compared with Meteosat-5 water vapor winds over the Indian Ocean region. The water vapor winds produced by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) from Meteosat-5 and the present algorithm are compared with collocated radiosonde observations according to Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites guidelines. The proposed algorithm shows better accuracy in terms of mean vector difference, rms vector difference, standard deviation, speed bias, number of collocations, and mean speed and mean direction differences. Also it is found that the sensitivity of the spatial consistency check in the quality indicator is not so significant for the improvement of statistics.
Radar Reflectivity–Based Estimates of Mixed Layer Depth
Authors: Heinselman P. L. , Spencer P. L. , Elmore K. L. , Stensrud D. J. , Hluchan R. M. , Burke P. C. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This study investigates the potential for estimating mixed layer depth by taking advantage of the radial gradients in the radar reflectivity field produced by the large vertical gradients in water vapor mixing ratio that are characteristic of the mixing height. During the day, this relationship often results in a ring of maximum reflectivity observed to progress radially outward from the radar as mixed layer depth increases. A comparison of mixed layer depths estimated from the Oklahoma City WSR-88D (KTLX) with those estimated from a nearby 915-MHz profiler reveals that mixed layer depths from the WSR-88D are slightly too high (up to 0.3 km) during the first three hours of the diurnal cycle, nearly unbiased midday, and slightly too low (0.2 km or less) thereafter. The procedure estimates mixed layer depths only during the daytime hours from 1300 to 2300 UTC. The weather conditions for the 17 days studied were fairly quiescent, with sunny skies and light winds.
Improving the Northeast Asian Monsoon Simulation: Remote Impact of Tropical Heating Bias Correction
Authors: An Kyong-Hee , Tam Chi-Yung , Park Chung-Kyu 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
This study investigates the role of model tropical diabatic heating error on the boreal summer northeast Asian monsoon (NEAM) simulation given by a general circulation model (GCM). A numerical experiment is carried out in which the GCM diabatic heating is adjusted toward more realistic values in the tropics. It is found that the seasonal mean NEAM circulation and rainfall are improved in the GCM. This can be attributed to the reduced positive heating bias in the western Pacific Ocean around 10°–15°N in the model, which in turn leads to better-simulated low-level southerly winds over eastern Asia and more moisture supply to the NEAM region. The GCM’s ability in capturing the year-to-year variation of NEAM rainfall is also markedly improved in the experiment. These results show that the diabatic heating error over the western Pacific can be one reason for poor NEAM simulations in GCMs. The authors also suggest a simple method to reduce model heating biases that can be readily applied to dynamical seasonal prediction systems.
Progressive Fracture of Fiber Composite Thin Shell Structures under Internal Pressure and Axial Loads
Authors: Gotsis Pascal K. , Chamis Christos C. , Minnetyan Levon 
Published: July 2008

Graphite/epoxy composite thin shell cylindrical structures were simulated to investigate damage and fracture progression due to internal pressure and axial loading. Defective and defect-free structures (thin cylinders) were examined. The three laminates examined had fiber orientations of [90/0/±O],, where 0 is 450, 600, and 75°. CODSTRAN, an integrated computer code that scales up constituent level properties to the structural level and accounts for all possible failure modes, was used to simulate composite degradation under loading. Damage initiation, growth, accumulation, and propagation to fracture were included in the simulation. Burst pressures for defective and defect-free shells were compared to evaluate damage tolerance. The results showed that damage initiation began with matrix failure, whereas damage and/or fracture progression occurred as a result of additional matrix failure and fiber fracture. In both thin cylinder cases examined (defective and defect-free), the optimum layup configuration was [90/0/±60], because it had the best damage tolerance with respect to the burst pressure.
Development of regulatory T cells requires IL-7Rα stimulation by IL-7 or TSLP
Authors: Mazzucchelli Renata , Hixon Julie A. , Spolski Rosanne , Chen Xin , Li Wen Qing , Hall Veronica L. , Willette-Brown Jami , Hurwitz Arthur A. , Leonard Warren J. , Durum Scott K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInterleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine produced by stromal cells, is required for thymic development and peripheral homeostasis of most major subsets of T cells. We examined whether regulatory T (Treg) cells also required the IL-7 pathway by analyzing IL-7Rα−/− mice. We observed a striking reduction in cells with the Treg surface phenotype (CD4, CD25, GITR (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-like receptor), CD45RB, CD62L, CD103) or intracellular markers (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4, CTLA-4, and forkhead box transcription factor 3, Foxp3). Foxp3 transcripts were virtually absent in IL-7Rα−/− lymphoid tissues, and no Treg cell suppressive activity could be detected. There are 2 known ligands for IL-7Rα: IL-7 itself and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Surprisingly, mice deficient in IL-7 or the other chain of the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) developed relatively normal numbers of Treg cells. Combined deletion of IL-7 and TSLP receptor greatly reduced Treg cell development in the thymus but was not required for survival of mature peripheral Treg cells. We conclude that Treg cells, like other T cells, require signals from the IL-7 receptor, but unlike other T cells, do not require IL-7 itself because of at least partially overlapping actions of IL-7 and TSLP for development of Treg cells.
Hospital-acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hepatic failure
Authors: Li Dan , Chen Liang , Ding Xian , Tao Ran , Zhang Yong Xin , Wang Jie Fei 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a rapid, progressive, fatal disease that occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Patients with severe liver disease are at a heightened risk for infections. Little is known about the clinical presentation including predisposing factors and treatment of IPA in patients with hepatic failure.

Methods
Medical records of patients with hepatic failure between November 2005 and February 2007 were reviewed for lung infection. Nine medical records of definitive diagnosis of IPA and three of probable IPA were identified.

Results
The main predisposing factors were found to be prolonged antibiotic therapy and steroid exposure. Clinical signs and radiological findings were non-specific and atypical. Timely use of caspofungin was found to reduce the mortality due to the disease.

Conclusion
A high index of suspicion is required for early IPA diagnosis in patients with hepatic failure.
Detection of N-acyl homoserine lactones using a traI-luxCDABE -based biosensor as a high-throughput screening tool
Authors: Bernier Steve P , Beeston Anne L , Sokol Pamela A 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
Bacteria use N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) molecules to regulate the expression of genes in a density-dependent manner. Several biosensors have been developed and engineered to detect the presence of all types of AHLs.

Results
In this study, we describe the usefulness of a traI-luxCDABE-based biosensor to quickly detect AHLs from previously characterized mutants of Burkholderia cenocepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both liquid and soft-agar co-culture assays in a high-throughput manner. The technique uses a co-culture system where the strain producing the AHLs is grown simultaneously with the reporter strain. Use of this assay in liquid co-culture allows the measurement of AHL activity in real time over growth. We tested this assay with Burkholderia cenocepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but it should be applicable to a broad range of gram negative species that produce AHLs.

Conclusion
The co-culture assays described enable the detection of AHL production in both P. aeruginosa and B. cenocepacia and should be applicable to AHL analysis in other bacterial species. The high-throughput adaptation of the liquid co-culture assay could facilitate the screening of large libraries for the identification of mutants or compounds that block the synthesis or activity of AHLs.
Structural similarity of genetically interacting proteins
Authors: Dror Oranit , Schneidman-Duhovny Dina , Shulman-Peleg Alexandra , Nussinov Ruth , Wolfson Haim J , Sharan Roded 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
The study of gene mutants and their interactions is fundamental to understanding gene function and backup mechanisms within the cell. The recent availability of large scale genetic interaction networks in yeast and worm allows the investigation of the biological mechanisms underlying these interactions at a global scale. To date, less than 2% of the known genetic interactions in yeast or worm can be accounted for by sequence similarity.

Results
Here, we perform a genome-scale structural comparison among protein pairs in the two species. We show that significant fractions of genetic interactions involve structurally similar proteins, spanning 7–10% and 14% of all known interactions in yeast and worm, respectively. We identify several structural features that are predictive of genetic interactions and show their superiority over sequence-based features.

Conclusion
Structural similarity is an important property that can explain and predict genetic interactions. According to the available data, the most abundant mechanism for genetic interactions among structurally similar proteins is a common interacting partner shared by two genetically interacting proteins.
CD11c identifies a subset of murine liver natural killer cells that responds to adenoviral hepatitis
Authors: Burt Bryan M , Plitas George , Stableford Jennifer A , Nguyen Hoang M , Bamboat Zubin M , Pillarisetty Venu G , DeMatteo Ronald P 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe liver contains a unique repertoire of immune cells and a particular abundance of NK cells. We have found that CD11c defines a distinct subset of NK cells (NK1.1+CD3−) in the murine liver whose function was currently unknown. In naïve animals, CD11c+ liver NK cells displayed an activated phenotype and possessed enhanced effector functions when compared with CD11c− liver NK cells. During the innate response to adenovirus infection, CD11c+ NK cells were the more common IFN-γ-producing NK cells in the liver, demonstrated enhanced lytic capability, and gained a modest degree of APC function. The mechanism of IFN-γ production in vivo depended on TLR9 ligation as well as IL-12 and -18. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CD11c+ NK cells are a unique subset of NK cells in the murine liver that contribute to the defense against adenoviral hepatitis.
Expression of sialyltransferase activity on intact human neutrophils
Authors: Rifat Salahaldin , Kang Tae Jin , Mann Dean , Zhang Lei , Puche Adam C , Stamatos Nicholas M , Goldblum Simeon E , Brossmer Reinhard , Cross Alan S 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEndogenous polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-associated sialidase activity enhances PMN adhesion to and migration across the endothelium through the removal of sialylated cell-surface residues. We tested the hypothesis that PMNs also express sialyltransferase (ST) activity that restores sialyl residues to the PMN surface. We developed a highly sensitive fluorometric assay to demonstrate that intact human PMNs can mediate and accept sialyl residue transfer. This ST activity is inhibited by a ST inhibitor, CMP, which also inhibits the transendothelial migration of PMNs in response to IL-8 in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that intact PMNs express sialidase and ST activities that permit rapid modulation of their surface sialylation and their ability to adhere to and migrate across the endothelium.
DRD2 and ANKK1 genotype in alcohol-dependent patients with psychopathic traits: Association and interaction study
Authors: Ponce G. , Hoenicka J. , Jiménez-Arriero M. A. , Rodríguez-Jiménez R. , Aragüés M. , Martín-Suñé N. , Huertas E. , Palomo T. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundThe Taql-A polymorphism of the ANKK1 gene, adjacent to the DRD2 gene, has been associated with alcoholism and other psychiatric conditions, although other DRD2 gene variants, such as the C957T polymorphism, could be related to these phenotypic traits.AimsTo investigate the contribution of the Taql-A and the C957T polymorphisms to the presence of psychopathic traits in patients with alcoholism.MethodWe performed association and interaction analyses of the polymorphisms in 150 controls and 176 male alcohol-dependent patients assessed for the presence of dissocial personal disorder, using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R).ResultsThere was a significant association of the Taql-A and C957T polymorphisms when both genotypes were present, with PCL-R scores of F1–171=0.13 (P=0.01) and a frequency of dissocial personal disorder OR=10.52, P<0.001.ConclusionsThe Taql-A of the ANKK1 gene and the C957T of the DRD2 gene are epistatically associated with psychopathic traits in alcohol-dependent patients.
Quick recovery of orientation after magnetic seizure therapy for major depressive disorder
Authors: Kirov George , Ebmeier Klaus P. , Scott Allan I. F. , Atkins Maria , Khalid Najeeb , Carrick Lucy , Stanfield Andrew , O'Carroll Ronan E. , Husain Mustafa M. , Lisanby Sarah H. 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundMagnetic seizure therapy, in which seizures are elicited with a high-frequency magnetic field, is under development as a new treatment for major depressive disorder. Its use may be justified if it produces the antidepressant effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), coupled with limited cognitive side-effects.AimsTo evaluate the usefulness of a new 100 Hz magnetic seizure therapy device.MethodWe induced seizures with 100 Hz magnetic transcranial stimulation in 11 patients with major depressive disorder during one session of a regular course of ECT. Recovery times after seizures induced by magnetic seizure therapy and ECT were compared.ResultsSeizures could be elicited in 10 of the 11 patients. Stimulation over the vertex produced tonic-clonic activity on 9 out of 11 occasions. Stimulation over the prefrontal midpoint elicited seizures on 3 out of 7 occasions. The mean duration of magnetically induced seizures was 31.3s, ranging from 10 to 86s. All patients had an exceptionally quick recovery of orientation: mean of 7 min 12s (s.d.=2 min 7 s, range 4 min 20s to 9 min 41 s). The recovery times were on average 15 min 35s shorter with magnetic seizure therapy than with ECT in the same patients (paired-samples t-test: P<0.0001). Patients reported feeling less confused after magnetic seizure therapy. Side-effects were confined to myoclonic movements, associated with the use of etomidate.ConclusionsThe new 100Hz magnetic stimulator elicits seizures in the majority of patients when administered over the vertex. Magnetic seizure therapy was associated with shorter recovery times and less confusion following treatment. Subsequent work will be required to assess the safety and effectiveness of magnetic seizure therapy in the treatment of depression.
Psychopathological factors, memory disorders and transient global amnesia
Authors: Noël Audrey , Quinette Peggy , Gulllery-Girard Bérengère , Dayan Jacques , Piolino Pascale , Marquis Sophie , de la Sayette Vincent , Viader Fausto , Desgranges Béatrice , Eustache Francis 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundSome studies have shown the presence of psychopathological disorders in transient global amnesia.AimsTo determine whether transient global amnesia is associated with psychopathological disorders and to assess the influence of these psychopathological disorders on memory impairments.MethodLevels of anxiety and depression before and during transient global amnesia were rated. Memory performances were assessed by means of original episodic memory tasks and working memory tasks. These data were collected in 17 individuals observed during the very acute phase, 18 individuals examined in the peri-acute phase and 26 controls.ResultsDuring the acute phase, participants with transient global amnesia displayed a higher level of anxiety and a more depressed mood than controls. An alteration of emotional state, as measured by the Adjective Mood Scale, was correlated with deficits in anterograde memory.ConclusionsTransient global amnesia comprises sudden changes in people's emotional state, which has a major impact on and interacts with episodic memory impairment.
Parents' perspectives on adolescent self-harm: Qualitative study
Authors: Oldershaw Anna , Richards Clair , Simic Mima , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: July 2008

BackgroundParents' perspectives on self-harm are considered important, but have not been explored.AimsTo gain perspective of parents of adolescents who self-harm on: (a) history of self-harm and health service provision; (b) their understanding and ability to make sense of self-harm behaviour; (c) emotional and personal impact; and (d) parent skills as carer and hope for the future.MethodInterpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to semi-structured interviews with 12 parents of adolescents receiving treatment for self-harm in community child and adolescent mental health services.ResultsParents commonly suspected and spotted self-harm prior to disclosure or service contact; however, communication difficulties and underestimating significance led to delays in addressing the behaviour. Parents struggled to understand and cope with self-harm.ConclusionsParents require advice and support from outside services to help them manage self-harming behaviour and its personal impact. This study suggests parents are early to spot signs of self-harm, indicating their key role in reaching young people in the community who remain unknown to health services.
Variability in the presentation of synovial sarcoma in children
Authors: Chotel F. , Unnithan A. , Chandrasekar C. R. , Parot R. , Jeys L. , Grimer R. J. 
Published: July 2008

We have analysed the pattern of symptoms in patients presenting with synovial sarcoma to identify factors which led to long delays in diagnosis. In 35 children, the early symptoms and the results of clinical and radiological investigation were reviewed, along with the presumed diagnoses. The duration of symptoms was separated into patient delay and doctor delay.Only half of the patients had one or more of the four clinical findings suggestive of sarcoma according to the guidance of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence at the onset of symptoms. Of the 33 children for whom data were available, 16 (48.5%) presented with a painless mass and in ten (30.3%) no mass was identified. Seven (21.2%) had an unexplained joint contracture. Many had been extensively investigated unsuccessfully. The mean duration of symptoms was 98 weeks (2 to 364), the mean patient delay was 43 weeks (0 to 156) and the mean doctor delay was 50 weeks (0 to 362). The mean number of doctors seen before referral was three (1 to 6) and for 15 patients the diagnosis was obtained after unplanned excision. Tumours around the knee and elbow were associated with a longer duration of symptoms and longer doctor delay compared with those at other sites. Delays did not improve significantly over the period of our study of 21 years, and we were unable to show that delay in diagnosis led to a worse prognosis.Our findings highlight the variety of symptoms associated with synovial sarcoma and encourage greater awareness of this tumour as a potential diagnosis in childhood.
Treatment of checkrein deformity of the hallux
Authors: Lee H. S. , Kim J. S. , Park S.-S. , Lee D.-H. , Park J. M. , Wapner K. L. 
Published: July 2008

We studied 11 patients with checkrein deformities of the hallux who underwent surgical treatment. Six had lengthening of the flexor hallucis longus tendon by Z-plasty in the midfoot, and five underwent release of adhesions and lengthening of the tendon by Z-plasty at the musculotendinous junction at the fracture site. All six patients who underwent Z-plasty at the midfoot showed complete correction of the deformity without recurrence. Of the five who had release of adhesions and Z-plasty of the tendon at the fracture site, two showed partial and one showed complete recurrence.