bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Underlying Blood Vessels in Gastric Ulcers with Bleeding Episode by Endoscopic Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: YOSHINO Junji , NAKAZAWA Saburo , INUI Kazuo , YAMACHIKA Hitoshi , WAKABAYASHI Takao , OKUSHIMSA Taketo , KOBAYASHI Takashi , NISHIO Hiroshi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:We used endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography to detect hemorrhagic gastric ulcer, and to determine whether this modality could show blood vessels present deep to ulcers and whether these vessels influenced clinical course. Subjects were 20 patients with hemorrhagic gastric ulcers which had visible vessels on the ulcer base endoscopically. In 11 of 20 patients (group P) color signals indicating blood flow were observed, in which a weak pulsatile wave was detected in five cases. In two operated cases the signals were confirmed as blood vessels histologically. The diameters of these vessels were over 0.35 mm. It was thought that in cases undetectable on endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (group N) the diameter of vessels was too narrow or the velocity of blood too slow. There were no differences in the clinical background of group P and group N. However, ulcer bleeding was more severe in group P cases (P<0.05). Many patients in whom blood flow was detected experienced repeated ulcer bleeding as well as ulcer recurrences. Patients with hemorrhagic ulcers and in whom ultrasonic imaging demonstrates blood flow should be managed with great care. (Dig Endosc 1999; 11: 231–235)
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder Arising in a Patient with Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction without Bile Duct Dilatation
Authors: SAITO Seiji , ATARASHI Yoshinari , WATANABE Akiharu , KITAGAWA Masanobu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:We report a 36–year‐old female patient with small cell carcinoma of the gallbladder with liver metastasis, that was associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) without bile duct dilatation. On admission, a gallbladder mass and multiple liver tumors were detected by US, CT and ERCP. Moreover, ERCP clearly demonstrated an abnormally long common channel between the pancreatic and bile ducts, indicating PBMwithout choledochal dilatation. US‐guided biopsy of the tumor histopathologically confirmed small cell carcinoma. The serum neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) level was very high. Transarterial chemo‐embolization followed by systemic chemotherapy resulted in marked tumor reduction, but this was followed by rapid exacerbation. The patient died of the tumor 145 days after admission. The proposed mechanism of the car‐cinogenesis of this rare gallbladder malignancy under the preexisting condition of PBM was discussed. (Dig Endosc 1999, 11: 246–249)
Crohn's Disease Initially Suggested by Minute Esophageal Erosions—Report of a Case
Authors: ENDO Tetsu , SATO Hirohiko , KOEDA Junichi , TAKAHASHI Osamu , HAGA Yohichi , SATOH Toshinobu , CHIBA Yoichi , MATSUMOTO Kazuhito , MUNAKATA Akihiro 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:A 19–year‐old woman visited our hospital complaining of fever and epigastral‐gia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed minute discrete erosions surrounded by elevated mucosa about one millimeter in diameter in the esophagus and aphthoid erosions in the stomach. Biopsy samples obtained from the esophagus showed non‐caseating epitheloid granulomas, suggesting Crohn's disease. Colonoscopy showed a small erosion in the cecum adjacent to the vermiform appendix and biopsy showed non‐caseating epitheloid granulomas and Crohn's disease was diagnosed. In hospital, she was treated with elemental diet and 5–aminosalicyclic acid. Clinical symptoms disappeared rapidly and laboratory data became normal. We thus report a rare case of early‐stage Crohn's disease initially indicated by biopsy of minute esophageal erosions. (Dig Endosc 1999; 11: 255–258)
Reflected Illumination‐Type Imaging System for the Development of Infrared Fluorescence Endoscopy
Authors: TAOKA Satoko , ITO Susumu , MUGURUMA Naoki , HAYASHI Shigehito , KUSAKA Yoshihiro , II Kunio , NAKAMURA Kazunari , IMAIZUMI Katsuichi , TAKESAKO Kazuhiro , SHIBAMURA Seiichi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:Fluorescent labeled monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) may provide a specific label for lesions of the GI tract. We previously developed an indocyanine green (ICG) derivative (ICG N‐hydroxy sulfo succinimide ester; ICG‐sulfo‐Osu) as a fluorescent label that is excited by infrared rays and is suitable for vital immunohistochemical staining. We also previously developed a transmitted illumination‐type (transmitted type) fluorescence imaging system that uses infrared rays to detect ICG‐sulfo‐Osu. In this paper we describe a new reflected illumination‐type (reflected type) imaging system for infrared fluorescence endoscopy. We tested the efficacy of this system on sections of human esophagus and normal skeletal muscle stained with ICG‐sulfo‐Osu labeled anti‐epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibody, and on sections of human gastric cancer tissue stained with ICG‐sulfo‐Osu labeled anti‐CEA antibody. Infrared fluorescent images were obtained with both fluorescent antibodies, and results correlated well with oxidized DAB‐positive sites. Vital immunohistochemical staining of micro cancers should be detectable by exciting an ICG‐sulfo‐Osu labeled antibody specific to the tumor cells with infrared rays, using this reflected type imaging system.
Esophageal Lyrnphoepithelial Cyst: The First Reported Case
Authors: KATAOKA Shinichi , CHIKUGO Takaah , HIROOKA Takashi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:We report a case of esophageal lymphoepithelial cyst that was found and resected with endoscopy. To our knowledge this is the first ever description of lymphoepithelial cyst in the esophagus. A 69‐year‐old man presented with dysphagia and the endoscopic study showed a submucosal tumor in the upper esophagus. The resected tumor was found to be composed of epithelial cysts surrounded by lymphoid tissue. The esophageal gland had continuity with the cyst wall and there was lymphocytic infiltration in the cyst wall. These findings suggest that the esophageal lymphoepithelial cyst had arisen from the dilated esophageal gland with reactive lymphoid aggregation.
Reversal of Portosystemic Encephalopathy after Endoscopic Embolization of Recurrent Gastroesophageal Varices
Authors: CHIKAMORI Fumio , KUNIYOSHI Nobutoshi , SHIBUYA Susumu , TAKASE Yasuhiro 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:Chronic portosystemic encephalopathy (CPSE) due to a shunt via gastroesophageal varices is uncommon. We were able to control a case of CPSE due to recurrent gastroesophageal varices using endoscopic embolization (EE). A 68‐year‐old man presented at our hospital in a confused, apathetic and tremulous state. He had undergone devascularization, proximal gastric transection and splenectomy for esopha‐geal varices due to liver cirrhosis 16 years previously. The patient had hyperammone‐mia (228 µg/dl), and endoscopic examination revealed nodular cardiac varices and large recurrent esophageal varices. Superior mesenteric arterial portography revealed that a large volume of superior mesenteric venous blood drained into the cardiac and esophageal varices through the remnant left gastric vein. The plasma ammonia level in the esophageal varices taken at the time of EE was 419 pg/dl, which was a much higher level than that of peripheral vessels, the superior vena cava and azygos vein, and suggested that the encephalopathy was due to the portosystemic shunt via the gastroesophageal varices. EE was performed using 5% ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol under fluoroscopy. The esophageal and cardiac varices were successfully embolized, the CPSE disappeared, and the plasma ammonia level decreased to 27 pg/dl. No complications were observed, and the patient was discharged on day 37 after EE. We conclude that EE is an effective and safe treatment for CPSE due to gastroesophageal varices.
A Case of a Giant Lipoma of the Duodenal Bulb
Authors: OGATA Tatsuro , SHIMIZU Ichiro , HORIE Takahiro , OSHIMA Takashi , MIHARA Miyuki , YAMASHITA Masatoshi , OZAKI Yuji , YAMAMOTO Koji , IUCHI Arata , YATA Seigo , TADATSU Masaya , OKITA Yoshio , MUGURUMA Naoki , OKAHISA Toshiya , OKAMURA Seisuke , ITO Susumu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:We describe a 58‐year‐old male whose major complaint was epigastric pain. A pediculate mass located in the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb and extending into the descending portion of the duodenum was noted on endoscopy of the upper digestive tract. The mass nearly completely occupied the duodenal lumen and was covered by normal mucosa with a tiny ulcer. Ultrasound endoscopy showed a nearly homogeneous hyperechoic pattern localized in the submucosa, and abdominal CT showed fatty density, suggesting a lipoma. The mass was resected by laparotomy, because it was large and extended to near the duodenal papillae. The tumor measured 55X35X30 mm and was histologically confirmed to be a lipoma which had originated in the submucosa. Giant duodenal lipomas more than 50 mm in maximum diameter have only been reported in 5 cases in Japan including our present case and 9 cases abroad, but some differences were observed in the description of the Japanese cases versus the non‐Japanese cases, such as the fact that the non‐Japanses cases often presented with severe symptoms such as bloody stools and intussusception.
A Case of Penetration of the Large Intestinal Wall by a Toothpick
Authors: OSHIMA Takashi , SHIMIZU Ichiro , HORIE Takahiro , OGATA Taturo , FUJIMOTO Miyuki , OZAKI Yuji , YAMAMOTO Koji , IUCHI Arata , ITO Susumu 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:A 66‐year‐old man was admitted to hospital with symptoms of acute abdomen. Based on colonoscopic findings, localized peritonitis due to penetration of the sigmoid colon by a toothpick was diagnosed. During colonoscopy, the toothpick was removed using a grasping forceps, meaning that surgery was avoided. In cases where abdominal pain of unknown origin is observed, physicians should proceed with routine medical care while considering the possibility of foreign body ingestion, and work toward an early diagnosis.
ACTION SPECTRA FOR LIGHT‐INDUCED DE‐EPOXIDATION AND EPOXIDATION OF XANTHOPHYLLS IN SPINACH LEAF*
Authors: Lee K. H. , Yamamoto H. Y. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The action spectra for violaxanthin de‐epoxidation and zeaxanthin epoxidation in New Zealand spinach leaf segments, Tetragonia expansa, were determined at equal incident quanta of 2·0 × 1015 quanta cm‐2 sec‐1. Precise action spectra were not obtained due to variable leaf activity. The de‐epoxidation action spectrum had major peaks at approximately 480 and 648 nm. Blue light was slightly more effective than red light and little activity was observed beyond 700 nm. The epoxidation action spectrum showed major peaks at around 440 and 670 nm. Blue light was more effective than red light and light beyond 700 nm showed definite activity.The net result of de‐epoxidation and epoxidation is a cyclic scheme, the violaxanthin cycle, which consumes O2 and photoproducts. The action spectra indicate that the violaxanthin cycle is more active in blue than in red light and therefore could account for O2 uptake stimulated by blue light. However, the violaxanthin cycle is not the pathway for O2 uptake by photosynthetic system 1. It was suggested that the violaxanthin cycle may function as a pathway for the consumption of excess photoproducts generated in blue light or the conversion of these photo‐products to other forms of energy.
A role for doctors in assisted dying? An analysis of legal regulations and medical professional positions in six European countries
Authors: Bosshard G , Broeckaert B , Clark D , Materstvedt L J , Gordijn B , Müller-Busch H C 
Published: December 2007

Objectives:To analyse legislation and medical professional positions concerning the doctor’s role in assisted dying in western Europe, and to discuss their implications for doctors.Method:This paper is based on country-specific reports by experts from European countries where assisted dying is legalised (Belgium, The Netherlands), or openly practiced (Switzerland), or where it is illegal (Germany, Norway, UK).Results:Laws on assisted dying in The Netherlands and Belgium are restricted to doctors. In principle, assisted suicide (but not euthanasia) is not illegal in either Germany or Switzerland, but a doctor’s participation in Germany would violate the code of professional medical conduct and might contravene of a doctor’s legal duty to save life. The Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill proposed in the UK in 2005 focused on doctors, whereas the Proposal on Assisted Dying of the Norwegian Penal Code Commission minority in 2002 did not.Professional medical organisations in all these countries except The Netherlands maintain the position that medical assistance in dying conflicts with the basic role of doctors. However, in Belgium and Switzerland, and for a time in the UK, these organisations dropped their opposition to new legislation. Today, they regard the issue as primarily a matter for society and politics. This “neutral” stance differs from the official position of the Royal Dutch Medical Association which has played a key role in developing the Dutch practice of euthanasia as a “medical end-of-life decision” since the 1970s.Conclusion:A society moving towards an open approach to assisted dying should carefully identify tasks to assign exclusively to medical doctors, and distinguish those possibly better performed by other professions.
Mortality risk in the French cohort of uranium miners: extended follow-up 1946–1999
Authors: Vacquier B , Caer S , Rogel A , Feurprier M , Tirmarche M , Luccioni C , Quesne B , Acker A , Laurier D 
Published: December 2007

Objectives:This paper presents the risk of death from lung cancer and from other causes of death for the French cohort of uranium miners through 1999 and estimates associations with radon exposure.Methods:The cohort includes men employed as uranium miners for at least 1 year between 1946 and 1990. For each miner, vital status and cause of death were obtained from the national registry, and radon exposure was reconstructed for each year. Standardised mortality ratios were computed with national mortality rates as references. Exposure–risk relationships were estimated by Poisson regression, with a linear excess relative risk (ERR) model and a 5-year lag.Results:The cohort included 5086 miners and 153 063 person-years of exposure. The mean duration of follow-up was 30.1 years. In all 4140 miners exposed to radon, the average cumulative exposure was 36.6 working level months (WLM). There were 1411 deaths of miners <85 years of age. The miners did not differ significantly in overall mortality from the general male population. The analysis confirmed an excess risk of lung cancer death (n = 159; SMR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.68), which increased significantly with cumulative radon exposure (ERR per 100 WLM = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.35). The ERR per unit exposure was much higher after 1955, when the accuracy of exposure measurement improved substantially (ERR per 100 WLM = 2.00; 95% CI: 0.91 to 3.65). A significant excess of kidney cancer deaths was observed (n = 20; SMR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.09), which was not associated with cumulative radon exposure. No excess was observed for other causes of death, except silicosis (n = 23; SMR = 7.12; 95% CI: 4.51 to 10.69).Conclusions:The analysis confirmed the excess risk of death from lung cancer associated with low radon exposure. An excess risk of death from kidney cancer was also observed, apparently not associated with cumulative radon exposure.
The occupational risk ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection among workers in institutions for people with intellectual disability
Authors: De Schryver A , Cornelis K , Van Winckel M , Moens G , Devlies G , Derthoo D , van Sprundel M 
Published: December 2007

Objectives:A cross-sectional study to evaluate the occupational risk forHelicobacter pyloriinfection, on top of other risk factors, in staff members of institutions for people with intellectual disability. In these institutions, the residents had a documented high prevalence ofH pyloriinfection (86% presenting antibodies). As a control group, the study used administrative workers from other companies.Methods:All participants completed a questionnaire concerning sociodemographic characteristics, medical history and employment data and they underwent a serology test.Results:671 staff members of the institutions and 439 subjects in the control group participated in the study. Prevalence ofH pyloriantibodies was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (40.6% vs 29.2%; p<0.001). Crude odds ratio for occupational risk was 1.68; adjusting for the confounding effect of age, gender, body mass index, smoking, tropical journeys and number of household members during childhood resulted in an even higher (adjusted) OR of 1.98 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.69). In multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for variables shown to be confounders, faecal contact continued to be significantly associated withH pyloriinfection. Attributable risk was 49.5%.Conclusions:H pyloriinfection is an occupational risk in healthcare workers working in institutions for people with intellectual disability. We identified faecal contact as an independent occupational risk factor forH pyloriinfection.
An epidemiological study of the role of chrysotile asbestos fibre dimensions in determining respiratory disease risk in exposed workers
Authors: Stayner L , Kuempel E , Gilbert S , Hein M , Dement J 
Published: December 2007

Background:Evidence from toxicological studies indicates that the risk of respiratory diseases varies with asbestos fibre length and width. However, there is a total lack of epidemiological evidence concerning this question.Methods:Data were obtained from a cohort mortality study of 3072 workers from an asbestos textile plant which was recently updated for vital status through 2001. A previously developed job exposure matrix based on phase contrast microscopy (PCM) was modified to provide fibre size-specific exposure estimates using data from a re-analysis of samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cox proportional hazards models were fit using alternative exposure metrics for single and multiple combinations of fibre length and diameter.Results:TEM-based cumulative exposure estimates were found to provide stronger predictions of asbestosis and lung cancer mortality than PCM-based estimates. Cumulative exposures based on individual fibre size-specific categories were all found to be highly statistically significant predictors of lung cancer and asbestosis. Both lung cancer and asbestosis were most strongly associated with exposure to thin fibres (<0.25 μm). Longer (>10 μm) fibres were found to be the strongest predictors of lung cancer, but an inconsistent pattern with fibre length was observed for asbestosis. Cumulative exposures were highly correlated across all fibre size categories in this cohort (0.28–0.99, p values <0.001), which complicates the interpretation of the study findings.Conclusions:Asbestos fibre dimension appears to be an important determinant of respiratory disease risk. Current PCM-based methods may underestimate asbestos exposures to the thinnest fibres, which were the strongest predictor of lung cancer or asbestosis mortality in this study. Additional studies are needed of other asbestos cohorts to further elucidate the role of fibre dimension and type.
Fault overlap zones within developing normal fault systems
Authors: CHILDS C. , WATTERSON J. , WALSH J. J. 
Published: December 2007

Overlap zones between normal faults have been studied using a variety of 2D and 3D seismic reflection datasets. The overlaps are of two types, (i) relay zones in which displacement is transferred between the overlapping faults and (ii) non-relay overlaps in which displacement is not transferred.
Overlap zones are continually formed and destroyed during the growth of a fault system. Overlap zones are formed either by interference between initially isolated faults or as a result of bifurcation of a single fault. The mode of overlap formation is reflected in the 3D geometry of the overlapping faults which may be either unconnected or linked at a branch-line or branch-point.
Seismic reflection data from regions of growth faulting, and also sandbox analogue data, allow analysis of fault development through time. Reconstructions of the displacement distribution on some faults with sharp bends and associated hanging-wall splays, show that the bends originated as overlap zones which were later breached to form through-going faults.
Depending on the displacements of relay-bounding faults, the effect of relay zones on hydrocarbon reservoirs may be to (a) provide structural closure, (b) form gaps in otherwise sealing faults or (c) increase reservoir connectivity.
Verifying nondeterministic probabilistic channel systems against ω-regular linear-time properties
Authors: Baier Christel , Bertrand Nathalie , Schnoebelen Philippe 
Published: December 2007

Lossy channel systems (LCS's) are systems of finite state processes that communicate via unreliable unbounded fifo channels. We introduce NPLCS's, a variant of LCS's where message losses have a probabilistic behavior while the component processes behave nondeterministically, and study the decidability of qualitative verification problems for ω-regular linear-time properties.
We show that—in contrast to finite-state Markov decision processes—the satisfaction relation for linear-time formulas depends on the type of schedulers that resolve the nondeterminism. While the qualitative model checking problem for the full class of history-dependent schedulers is undecidable, the same question for finite-memory schedulers can be solved algorithmically. Additionally, some special kinds of reachability, or recurrent reachability, qualitative properties yield decidable verification problems for the full class of schedulers, which—for this restricted class of problems—are as powerful as finite-memory schedulers, or even a subclass of them.
Investigating cache energy and latency break-even points in high performance processors
Authors: Deris Kaveh Jokar , Baniasadi Amirali 
Published: December 2007

In this work we study how cache complexity impacts energy and performance in high performance processors. Moreover, we estimate cache energy budget for two high performance processors. We calculate energy and latency break-even points for realistic and ideal cache organizations for different applications. We show that design efforts made to reduce cache miss rate are only justifiable from the energy and performance point of view only if the associated latency and energy overhead remain below the calculated break-even points.
Furthermore, we show that, for the processors and applications studied here, the instruction cache has a lower latency break-even point compared to the data cache. However, investing energy in the data cache is likely to result in better energy efficiency compared to the instruction cache.
We also study alternative cache configurations for different processors and investigate if such alternatives would improve energy efficiency.