bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annular Packer Fluids for Paraffin Control: Model Study and Successful Field Application
Authors: Ashford James D. , Blount Curtis G. , Marcou John A. , Ralph Joseph M. , Skaalure Eric W. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper covers the evolution, full-scale model study, and field application of gelled packer fluids for paraffin control in naturally flowing wells. Field application of these insulating packer fluids has resulted in significant increases in the flowing tubing temperature in the seven wells treated to date. The temperature increases from gelled-packer-fluid application alone have eliminated paraffin problems previously controlled with repeated hot-oil treatments. Before this application, chemical inhibition attempts were unsuccessful.
The gelled fluid currently used is based on a phosphate ester and sodium aluminate reaction that produces an aluminum phosphate ester association polymer. The gellant is commonly used in oil-based fracturing fluids.
Effect of High Silica Content on Scale Deposition and Pipe-Wall Loss in Oilfield Steam Generators
Authors: Khatib Z. I. , Olson E. E. , Place M. C. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Studies were conducted on site in the Coalinga, Belridge, and Midway Sunset fields in California to research the cause of metal losses detected in the radiant section return bends and immediate piping downstream from the steam generators. Surveillance of silica content in the influent and effluent streams of the selected steam generators and the results of X-ray inspection of bends, elbows, welds, and pipings indicated that (1) a correlation is likely to exist between the silica and bicarbonate concentration in the feed-water and the silicate scale buildup, and incident rate of wall loss and (2) the cause of wall loss/pipe failures is a combination of corrosion and erosion mechanisms accelerated at higher steam qualities.
Tip Screenout Fracturing Applied to the Ravenspurn South Gas Field Development
Authors: Martins J. P. , Leung K. H. , Jackson M. R. , Stewart D. R. , Carr A. H. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Tip screenout (TSO) fracturing is a means of creating greater propped fracture widths and hence fracture conductivities than can be achieved by conventional fracture treatments. This allows more cost-effective stimulations of higher-permeability reservoirs, especially where non-Darcy pressure losses are significant. This paper presents a procedure to design TSO schedules and reviews field results from the Ravenspurn South gas field, which was developed between 1988 and 1989. Evidence is provided to support the view that TSO pressure responses are indeed the result of processes occurring close to the fracture tip, rather than slurry-enhanced viscosity effects along the fracture length.
Application of Alkylnaphthalene Absorption Oil as a Sulfur Solvent in Sour-Gas Wells
Authors: Wilken Gerdt 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Elemental sulfur is soluble in sour gas and often precipitates in sour-gas wells during production. Prevention of sulfur deposition in the production equipment requires the application of a sulfur solvent. An aqueous alkaline solvent is inadequate at increasing formation-water inflow resulting in severe carbonate precipitation. The new solvent is based on a mixture of alkylnaphthalenes diluted in a mineral oil. Both can combine physically with the precipitated sulfur. The performance of the solvent during circulation, its regeneration, and its behavior in corrosion inhibition is outlined. Application of this solvent improved the production of the treated sour-gas wells.
An Implicit Numerical Model for the Closed-Chamber Test
Authors: Mfonfu G. B. S. , Grader A. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
An implicit Lagrangean model is presented for the closed-chamber test (CCT). Pressure drops from 5, 000 to 50 psi are not uncommon during a CCT. High fluid velocities near the wellbore under high pressure gradients may lead to non-Darcy flow in the reservoir. The wellbore and the reservoir are modeled by the scalar-conservation laws of momentum and continuity that describe the physical processes—variable celerity, physical dissipation, and momentum. Rate and pressure are obtained simultaneously for the entire reservoir/wellbore system. The Lagrangean formulation permits use of the appropriate equation of state (EOS) in a given wellbore cell. Solution is by a versatile implicit numerical scheme that allows control of numerical dissipation. The automatic regridding is based on the physics of the problem. The reservoir model shows excellent agreement with the finite radial-source solution in porous media. Attributes of the model include the effects of an initial fluid column, sand failure, and a time-dependent skin. The results are in good agreement with two actual field tests from offshore Gulf of Mexico, and the deduction of transmissibility is straightforward.
Field Performance of a Hydrodynamically Lubricated Bearing Seal for Rock Bits
Authors: Langford J. W. , Kalsi M. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents field performance results for a new type of bearing seal for rock bits. The new seal design is found to be effective in significantly reducing abrasive wear at the sealing interface by virtue of its unique geometry that simultaneously introduces a hydrodynamic lubricant film and prevents the ingress of abrasives at the sealing interface. This has resulted in longer seal life and overall improvements in the rock-bit performances by a significant reduction in early seal failures.
Application of Bicenter Bits in Well-Deepening Operations
Authors: Myhre Kent 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper describes the design and operational evolution of bicenter fixed cutter bits used to drill and to underream below existing casing for a well-deepening program in south Texas. These bits were required to pass through the casing ID and to drill a hole diameter large enough to allow adequate annular clearance for cementing a liner. The traditional method for deepening these wells required several roller-cone bits and hole openers. Use of bicenter bits decreased the cost of the well deepening by eliminating bit and underreamer trips and increasing rate of penetration (ROP).
Field Application of the All-Oil Drilling-Fluid Concept
Authors: Fraser L. J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Until recently, a lack of suitable technology limited application of the all-oil or water-free drilling-fluid concept to coring operations. Stable rheological and filtration properties have been difficult to achieve. High levels of solid additives have been used, and this has stifled the rheological performance. The design, development, and field application of a unique, low-solids, oil-based fluid, which is prepared without a water or brine phase, is described.
A New Automated Tool-Joint Inspection System To Reduce Drillstring Failures
Authors: McPherson Bruce , Dutton Paul , Dale B. A. , Chilton T. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Drillstring connection failures continue to be a costly problem for the oil industry. To reduce the occurrence of these failures, operators and drilling contractors typically specify periodic nondestructive inspections to remove damaged tubulars from service. Conventional inspections generally involve the use of magnetic particles, and performance is highly dependent on human factors, which can result in errors by inspectors. This paper describes the development of a new automated tool-joint inspection system (ATIS) based on electromagnetic-flux-leakage principles to detect common service-induced flaws reliably, such as fatigue cracks, stretched threads, and mechanical damage. ATIS is capable of inspecting common connections on drillpipe and drill collars in the pipeyard and at the drillsite. Laboratory testing and field experience show that ATIS limits the probability of human error and thus reduces the occur rence of costly drillstring failures.
Distinct Applications of MWD, Weight on Bit, and Torque
Authors: Belaskie J. P. , Dunn M. D. , Choo D. K. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Recent enhancements to measurement-while-drilling (MWD) tools have increased drilling efficiency in directional wells on the North Slope of Alaska. With information provided by downhole weight on bit (WOB) and torque sensors, more timely and accurate decisions have been made, resulting in lower costs per foot. Specific applications of this technology include bit optimization, directional feedback, and drillstring-friction analysis. This paper discusses actual cases where the use of data from these downhole sensors has improved drilling performance. This information will benefit those interested in optimizing polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) and rollercone bit runs, improving directional-drilling assembly predictability and performance, minimizing surface torques, and planning high-departure wells.
In-Situ Saturation Measurements Improve Analysis and Interpretation of Laboratory Miscible and Immiscible Displacement Processes
Authors: Berry J. F. , Little A. J. H. , Salt H. J. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA laboratory evaluation of miscible and immiscible oil recovery processes was performed on a sandstone core composite containing viscous crude oil. Because conventional effluent data cannot clearly identify the evolution of transient saturation distributions, in-situ saturation monitoring was used to provide distributed saturation histories. The data obtained suggest that phase behavior is a major factor determining the amount and distribution of residual oil.
Network Analysis of Capillary and Trapping Behavior of Foams in Porous Media
Authors: Flumerfelt R. W. , Chen H-L. , Ruengphrathuengsuka Wlrogana , Hsu W-F. , Priedltis John 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA 1D network model is used to describe capillary pressure and flow-fraction pressure behavior of dispersed phase systems (foams) in porous media. The presence of internal liquid lamellae between bubbles in displaced trains gives rise to significantly higher capillary and flow-fraction pressures compared to nondispersed phase systems (i.e., conventional gas/liquid systems, no surfactant). Low mobilities of foam systems are attributed to reductions in the mobilized gas fraction.
In-Situ Stress Evaluation in the McElroy Field, West Texas
Authors: Avasthi J. M. , Nolen-Hoeksema R. C. , El Rabaa A. W. M. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThis paper discusses an in-situ-stress evaluation program conducted in the McElroy field in preparation for waterflood realignment. Microfracturing and borehole logging results indicated that the maximum horizontal stress orientation was north-northwest, west-northwest, and north-northwest in the upper, middle, and lower payzone intervals, respectively. Microfracturing proved to be the most reliable and cost-effective technique for in-situ stress evaluation in this heterogeneous reservoir.
Impact of Dispersion on Gel Placement for Profile Control
Authors: Seright R. S. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA key issue in gel technology is how to place gels in thief zones without damaging oil-productive zones. This study explores the influence of diffusion, dispersion, and viscous fingering during placement of gels to modify injection profiles. These phenomena usually will not eliminate the need for zone isolation during gel placement in unfractured injection wells. During gel placement in parallel laboratory corefloods, diffusion and dispersion can cause one to conclude erroneously that zone isolation is not needed in field applications. Gel treatments are more likely to improve sweep efficiency in wells where fractures are the source of the channeling problem.
Displacement Characteristics of Nitrogen vs. Methane Flooding in Volatile-Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Boersma D. M. , Hagoort Jacques 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents a comparative study, based on analysis of phase behavior, compositional reservoir simulations, and slim-tube experiments, of displacement characteristics of nitrogen and methane flooding into a volatile-oil reservoir. Results show that nitrogen has the same minimum multiple-contact-miscibility (MCM) pressure as methane, provided the oil contains enough methane. When dispersion occurs, the recovery efficiency for methane is better than that for nitrogen injection. The difference between nitrogen and methane injection above the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) decreases with increasing Peclet number values.
Gel Placement in Production Wells
Authors: Liang Jenn-Tai , Lee R. L. , Seright R. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Straightforward applications of fractional-flow theory and material-balance calculations demonstrate that, if zones are not isolated during gel placement in production wells, gelant can penetrate significantly into all open zones, not just those with high water saturations. Unless oil saturations in the oil-productive zones are extremely high, oil productivity will be damaged even if the gel reduces water permeability without affecting oil permeability. Also, in field applications, capillary pressure will not prevent gelant penetration into oil-productive zones. An explanation is provided for the occurrence of successful applications of gels in fractured wells produced by bottomwater drive. With the right properties, gels could significantly increase the critical rate for water influx in fractured wells.
Application of the Du-Guo and SRK Equations of State To Predict the Phase Behavior of Chinese Reservoir Fluids
Authors: Guo Tian-Min , Du Lian-Gui , Pedersen K. S. , Fredenslund Aage 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The Du-Guo three-parameter cubic and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) equations of state (EOS) modified as suggested by Peneloux and Freze were used to predict the phase behavior of nine Chinese reservoir fluids. The C7+ fractions were characterized as suggested by Pedersen et al. or by use of a characterization procedure suggested by Du and Guo. This paper also presents experimental and calculated results for the enthalpy of crude oil fractions. It is found that both EOS can accurately predict the phase behavior and phase properties of the Chinese reservoir fluids.
Horizontal Core Acquisition and Orientation for Formation Evaluation
Authors: Skopec R. A. , Mann M. M. , Jeffers Doug , Grier S. P. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe increase in horizontal drilling activity has produced a need for improved coring technology. The development of a reliable horizontal (medium-radius) coring and orientation system has greatly improved the acquisition of information necessary for formation evaluation and reservoir engineering. This paper describes newly developed hardware and methods for obtaining horizontal core sections.
Solubility and Displacement Behavior of a Viscous Crude With CO2 and Hydrocarbon Gases
Authors: DeRuiter R. A. , Nash L. J. , Singletary M. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The West Sak reservoir on the Alaskan North Slope contains an estimated 15 to 25 billion bbl of low-temperature, viscous crude. The reservoir has promising development potential by means of a gas injection process. An experimental study of the solubility and displacement behavior of West Sak oil with CO2 and hydrocarbon gases shows simple black-oil to complex, multiphase equilibrium behaviors.
Pressure-Transient Model for a Vertically Fractured Well in a Fractal Reservoir
Authors: Beier Richard A. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
In many cases, field pressure-transient data are matched with a homogeneous reservoir model to obtain effective reservoir properties for a heterogeneous reservoir. This paper presents field data and a model that demonstrate that this approach does not always work. As an alternative, a model is developed for a well with a vertical fracture in a reservoir with a fractal structure.
Improved Oxygen-Activation Method for Determining Water Flow Behind Casing
Authors: McKeon D. C. , Scott H. D. , Olesen J-R. , Patton G. L. , Mitchell R. J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Impulse activation is a new oxygen-activation technique developed to detect vertical water flow and to provide a quantitative measure of water flow velocity and flow rate. Row-loop measurements made over a wide range of water velocities are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Measurements of up- and downward channel flow were made at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) leak test well in Ada, OK, to demonstrate the technique in a controlled environment and to confirm that EPA requirements have been met. A major advantage of this method over previous procedures is that a measurement in a known zero-flow zone is not required.
The impulse-activation technique has improved sensitivity to both low and high flow rates. In the EPA leak test well, the technique successfully discriminated between 0- and 1.4-ft/min flow conditions. The lowest quantified velocity was 1.8 ft/min or 10 BWPD, significantly below the EPA requirement of 3 ft/min. The upper limit of detection has not been determined but exceeds 137 ft/min.
The water flow log (WFLSM) measurement uses the impulse-activation technique and a Dual-Burst^M, thermal-decay-time (TDTSM) tool to detect water flow behind casing. An important application for this measurement is testing for fluid migration in the wellbore as part of the mechanical integrity testing process for Class I and Π disposal wells. The new oxygen-activation measurement was used in numerous production wells to identify the presence of water flow behind casing. Additional applications include the identification of open fractures in horizontal wells and the quantification of water flow in the tubing/casing annulus in injection and production wells.
A Field Comparison of Static and Dynamic Hydrocyclones
Authors: Jones P. S. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Three commercially available liquid/liquid hydrocyclones (LLHC's) are evaluated in an operating oil field. The oil-removal capabilities of two staticunits and one dynamic or rotating unit are determined across a full range of operating conditions. Such variables as driving pressure, flow rate, rejectrate. and rotational speed are investigated to optimize oil-removal efficiency. The key parameter of oil droplet-size distribution also is evaluated and itseffects on performance are determined.
Injection Schedules and Production Strategies for Optimizing Steamflood Performance
Authors: Kumar Mridul , Ziegler V. M. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryMethods to optimize steamflood performance of a California heavy-oil reservoir were evaluated numerically. Simulation and field results show that a reduction in steam (heat) injection rate after steam breakthrough is beneficial. A linear heat-reduction schedule resulted in the highest discounted net or salable oil production with less steam injection compared with the constant injection schedule. For unconfmed patterns, steam migrates and drains oil from outside the pattern boundaries; therefore, rate reduction may not be beneficial in such cases. For mature steamfloods, conversion to hot waterflood or injector shut-in results in somewhat higher net oil production than for continued steam injection. Recompleting the producer after steam breakthrough resulted in increased recovery.
Prediction of the Risks of CO2 Corrosion in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Crolet Jean-Louis , Bonis M. R. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper discusses the various effects of CO2 on corrosion in general, a policy for fighting corrosion in offshore wells, the mechanisms of local CO2 attack, and a method of predicting the risks of CO2 corrosion in wells.
Advanced Casing Design Against Stress Corrosion Cracking of Grade P-110 Casing in Lignosulfonate Mud
Authors: Ikeda Shoichi 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Grade P-110 casing couplings occurred in the hot, deep Minami-Nagaoka gas field. Detailed stress analyses revealed that the dynamic stress changes resulting from temperature caused by operation played a significant role in those failures. From this information, a new casing design was developed.
Model Diagnosis for Layered Reservoirs
Authors: Ehlig-Economides Christine A. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryInterpretation models for layered reservoirs cannot be used effectively until a model has been identified for each reservoir layer. This paper introduces a new deconvolution form for presentation of multilayer transient (MLT) test measurements that is analogous to the log-log diagnostic plot used for model diagnosis of conventional transient test data.
Well-Control Operations in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Santos O. L. A. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper analyzes well control for horizontal wells. It presents a computer model for predicting the pressure behavior in a horizontal well during gas-kick removal and analyzes the simulation results for several field conditions. The paper also analyzes the drillpipe-pressure schedule, the kick-tolerance concept, and the swabbing effect during tripping out of the hole.
Class G Cement in Brazil— A Statistical Approach
Authors: Rosa F. C. , Coelho Osmond , Parente F. J. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Since 1975, Petrobras has worked with Brazilian Portland cement manufacturers to develop high-quality Class G cements. The Petrobras R&D Center has analyzed each batch of Class G cement manufactured by prequalified producers to API Spec. 10 standards and to Brazilian Assoc. of Technical Standards (ABNT) NBR 9831 standards. As a consequence, the Drilling Dept. at Petrobras now is supplied by three approved Class G cement factories strategically located in Brazil. This paper statistically analyzes test results on the basis of physical parameters of these Class G cements over 3 years. Statistical indices are reported to evaluate dispersion of the physical properties to obtain a reliability index for each Class G cement.
Linear Model Studies of the Immiscible CO2 WAG Process for Heavy-Oil Recovery
Authors: Dyer S. B. , Farouq Ali S. M. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
This paper presents experimental work that quantifies the effect of water-alternating-gas (WAG) variables on the immiscible CO2 flooding process for moderately viscous heavy oils. The results may be used to determine such parameters as total CO2-slug size, WAG ratio, and number of WAG slugs. Analysis of the relative efficiency of each WAG slug is discussed.
Aquifer-Protection Considerations of Coalbed Methane Development in the San Juan Basin
Authors: Beckstrom James A. , Boyer David G. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryCoalbed methane development in the San Juan basin has caused concern about several environmentally related health, safety, and remediation issues. This paper presents the findings of four groundwater-sampling programs and aquifer-protection work on producing wells and deep cathodic-protection groundbeds. The study concludes that Fruitland coal gas can migrate vertically behind uncemented wellbores that offset Fruitland coal gas wells, that remedial cementing of offsetting producing wells is feasible but costly, and that methane detected in domestic water wells near Fruitland coal development cannot be correlated directly to Fruitland coal gas development.
Subsurface Fracture Spacing: Comparison of Inferences From Slant/Horizontal and Vertical Cores
Authors: Lorenz John C. , Hill Robin E. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
Comparison of cores from a slant/horizontal and three vertical wells at the same site shows that fracture spacing is irregular, significantly less than bed thickness, and cannot be derived from vertical-well data. Fracture spacing measurements must be filtered properly to be useful in reservoir models.