bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Unmet Needs for Medication Support and All‐Cause Hospitalization in Community‐Dwelling Disabled Elderly People
Authors: Kuzuya Masafumi , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Suzuki Yusuke , Iwata Mitsunaga , Enoki Hiromi , Hasegawa Jun , Iguchi Akihisa 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the association between unmet medication management need and 3‐year mortality and hospitalization for community‐dwelling older people with various levels of disabilities.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (the Nagoya Longitudinal Study for Frail Elderly).SETTING: Community‐based.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy‐two community‐dwelling elderly subjects (611 men, 1,161 women).MEASUREMENTS: Data included the clients' demographic characteristics, a rating for basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs), number of prescribed medications and physician‐diagnosed chronic diseases, medication adherence, ability to manage medication, and presence or absence of medication assistance. Cox proportional hazard models and the Kaplan‐Meier method were used to assess the association between the medication management at baseline and mortality or hospitalization during a 3‐year period.RESULTS: Of 1,772 participants, 681 reported no difficulty with self‐medication management, and 1,091 experienced difficulty with self‐medication. Of participants with difficulty with self‐medication management, 929 had medication assistance, and 162 did not. During a 3‐year follow up, 424 participants died, and 758 were admitted to hospitals. The baseline data demonstrated that participants not receiving medication assistance were younger and had better ADL status and fewer comorbidities. Multivariate Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounders showed that the lack of assistance in those who needed medication assistance was associated with hospitalization but not mortality during the study period.CONCLUSION: In community‐dwelling disabled elderly people, lack of medication assistance in those needing medication support was associated with higher risk of hospitalization.
Dual Use of Bladder Anticholinergics and Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Long‐Term Functional and Cognitive Outcomes
Authors: Sink Kaycee M. , Thomas Joseph , Xu Huiping , Craig Bruce , Kritchevsky Steven , Sands Laura P. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES: To determine the cognitive and functional consequences of dual use of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChIs) and the bladder anticholinergics oxybutynin or tolterodine.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Nursing homes (NHs) in the state of Indiana.PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand five hundred thirty‐six Medicaid‐eligible NH residents aged 65 and older taking a ChI between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2004. Residents were excluded if they were taking an anticholinergic other than oxybutynin or tolterodine.MEASUREMENTS: Indiana Medicaid claims data were merged with data from the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Repeated‐measures analyses were performed to assess the effects of dual therapy on change in cognitive function measured using the MDS Cognition Scale (MDS‐COGS; scored 0–10) and change in activity of daily living (ADL) function using the seven ADL items in the MDS (scored 0–28). Potential covariates included age, sex, race, number of medications, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score.RESULTS: Three hundred seventy‐six (10.6%) residents were prescribed oxybutynin or tolterodine concomitantly with a ChI. In residents in the top quartile of ADL function, ADL function declined an average of 1.08 points per quarter when not taking bladder anticholinergics (ChI alone), compared with 1.62 points per quarter when taking dual therapy, a 50% greater rate in quarterly decline in ADL function (P=.01). There was no excess decline attributable to dual therapy in MDS‐COGS scores or in ADL function for residents who started out with lower functioning.CONCLUSION: In higher‐functioning NH residents, dual use of ChIs and bladder anticholinergics may result in greater rates of functional decline than use of ChIs alone. The MDS‐COGS may not be sensitive enough to detect differences in cognition due to dual use.
The Effects of Total Hip Arthroplasty on Physical Functioning in the Older Population
Authors: George Linda K. , Ruiz David , Sloan Frank A. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effects of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on three levels of physical functioning in a representative national sample of older adults.DESIGN: Survey.SETTING: Participants were interviewed in their homes.PARTICIPANTS: Participants consisted of stratified random samples of Medicare beneficiaries interviewed between 1992 and 2003.METHODS: Data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 1992 to 2003 and merged Medicare claims data identified participants who received (n=131) or did not receive (n=257) THA. Outcomes were three measures of physical functioning: Nagi items, instrumental activities of daily living, and activities of daily living. Baseline and follow‐up measures were obtained approximately 6 months apart. Logistic regression was used to predict the effects of THA on functioning, with a wide range of covariates controlled.RESULTS: Persons who received THA significantly improved in two of three levels of physical functioning; the no‐treatment group experienced declines in physical functioning.CONCLUSION: Receipt of THA is associated with significant improvements in two levels of physical functioning. These benefits are broadly applicable in that a wide variety of covariates had minimal effects on THA receipt and outcome.
Which Shorts Are Informed?
Authors: BOEHMER EKKEHART , JONES CHARLES M. , ZHANG XIAOYAN 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTWe construct a long daily panel of short sales using proprietary NYSE order data. From 2000 to 2004, shorting accounts for more than 12.9% of NYSE volume, suggesting that shorting constraints are not widespread. As a group, these short sellers are well informed. Heavily shorted stocks underperform lightly shorted stocks by a risk‐adjusted average of 1.16% over the following 20 trading days (15.6% annualized). Institutional nonprogram short sales are the most informative; stocks heavily shorted by institutions underperform by 1.43% the next month (19.6% annualized). The results indicate that, on average, short sellers are important contributors to efficient stock prices.
Do Bankruptcy Codes Matter? A Study of Defaults in France, Germany, and the U.K.
Authors: DAVYDENKO SERGEI A. , FRANKS JULIAN R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTUsing a sample of small firms that defaulted on their bank debt in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, we find that large differences in creditors' rights across countries lead banks to adjust their lending and reorganization practices to mitigate costly aspects of bankruptcy law. In particular, French banks respond to a creditor‐unfriendly code by requiring more collateral than lenders elsewhere, and by relying on collateral forms that minimize the statutory dilution of their claims in bankruptcy. Despite such adjustments, bank recovery rates in default remain sharply different across the three countries, reflecting very different levels of creditor protection.
An Empirical Analysis of the Pricing of Collateralized Debt Obligations
Authors: LONGSTAFF FRANCIS A. , RAJAN ARVIND 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTWe use the information in collateralized debt obligations (CDO) prices to study market expectations about how corporate defaults cluster. A three‐factor portfolio credit model explains virtually all of the time‐series and cross‐sectional variation in an extensive data set of CDX index tranche prices. Tranches are priced as if losses of 0.4%, 6%, and 35% of the portfolio occur with expected frequencies of 1.2, 41.5, and 763 years, respectively. On average, 65% of the CDX spread is due to firm‐specific default risk, 27% to clustered industry or sector default risk, and 8% to catastrophic or systemic default risk.
Identification of Maximal Affine Term Structure Models
Authors: COLLIN‐DUFRESNE PIERRE , GOLDSTEIN ROBERT S. , JONES CHRISTOPHER S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBuilding on Duffie and Kan (1996), we propose a new representation of affine models in which the state vector comprises infinitesimal maturity yields and their quadratic covariations. Because these variables possess unambiguous economic interpretations, they generate a representation that is globally identifiable. Further, this representation has more identifiable parameters than the “maximal” model of Dai and Singleton (2000). We implement this new representation for select three‐factor models and find that model‐independent estimates for the state vector can be estimated directly from yield curve data, which present advantages for the estimation and interpretation of multifactor models.
Competition from Specialized Firms and the Diversification–Performance Linkage
Authors: SANTALO JUAN , BECERRA MANUEL 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn this study, we show that the effect of diversification on performance is not homogeneous across industries and explore analytically and empirically the implications of this finding for the diversification literature. Diversified firms perform better in industries with a small number of nondiversified competitors or, equivalently, when specialized firms have a small combined market share, but worse as the presence of specialized firms increases in the industries in which they compete. The results are robust to the use of methods that alleviate the self‐selection problem and call for a reassessment of the diversification–performance relationship.
Correlated Trading and Returns
Authors: DORN DANIEL , HUBERMAN GUR , SENGMUELLER PAUL 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA German broker's clients place similar speculative trades and therefore tend to be on the same side of the market in a given stock during a given day, week, month, and quarter. Aggregate liquidity effects, short sale constraints, the systematic execution of limit orders (coordinated through price movements) or the correlated trading of other investors who pick off retail limit orders do not fully explain why retail investors trade similarly. Correlated market orders lead returns, presumably due to persistent speculative price pressure. Correlated limit orders also predict subsequent returns, consistent with executed limit orders being compensated for accommodating liquidity demands.
Earnings Management and Firm Performance Following Open‐Market Repurchases
Authors: GONG GUOJIN , LOUIS HENOCK , SUN AMY X. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBoth post‐repurchase abnormal returns and reported improvement in operating performance are driven, at least in part, by pre‐repurchase downward earnings management rather than genuine growth in profitability. The downward earnings management increases with both the percentage of the company that managers repurchase and CEO ownership. Pre‐repurchase abnormal accruals are also negatively associated with future performance, with the association driven mainly by those firms that report the largest income‐decreasing abnormal accruals. The study suggests that one reason firms experience post‐repurchase abnormal returns is that post‐repurchase realized earnings growth exceeds expectations formed on the basis of pre‐repurchase deflated earnings numbers.
Clinical Outcome of Mini‐Screws Used as Orthodontic Anchorage
Authors: Justens Emmanuel , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Implants and orthodontics are an important combination to obtain intraoral anchorage and eliminate the disadvantages linked with extraoral anchorage such as compliance problems, aesthetical, and social factors. The mini‐screw is a simple, relatively low‐cost method to provide intraoral anchorage.Purposes: The aims of this study were to evaluate clinical success and longevity of mini‐screws during orthodontic treatment and to assess the patient's opinion.Materials and Methods: Fifty mini‐screws were inserted in the mandible and maxilla of 21 patients with a flapless technique under local anesthesia. The patients were recalled after 2 weeks and from then on every other 2 months, and periodontal parameters and stability of the screws were evaluated at regular intervals. Patients received a questionnaire to assess their opinion regarding the treatment.Results: Thirty‐three mini‐screws (64%) remained stable sufficiently long to obtain the effect during the orthodontic movement. The survival was comparable in mandible or maxilla, and not related to the orthodontic forces applied or time of activation of the load. The results do suggest that a waiting period of 1 week before loading improves success, and mini‐screws inserted into the anterior region score better also compared to the posterior region. Initial periodontal parameters, which are very important in prognosis of orthodontic treatment, are not influencing the success rate in the examined group. Patients complained in 40–50% of the cases of pain during or after surgery, but this did not negatively affect the final general satisfaction with the treatment.Conclusion: The mini‐screw implant is an easy and an inexpensive method for temporary anchorage of orthodontic appliances. The functioning time is short, however, and retreatment may often be required.
Two Alternative Surgical Techniques for Enhancing Primary Implant Stability in the Posterior Maxilla: A Clinical Study Including Bone Density, Insertion Torque, and Resonance Frequency Analysis Data
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Aksoy Utku , McGlumphy Edwin A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: The primary stability of dental implants associated with resistance to micromotion during healing is affected by surgical technique and implant design, which are important especially in the soft bone, where implant failures are more likely.Purposes: This study was designed to compare the parameters associated with implant insertion using two different methods of enhancing implant primary stability and to identify any relationship between these parameters at implant insertion.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 implants were placed in the maxillary posterior regions of 22 patients. The bone densities at the implant sites were recorded using a computerized tomography machine in Hounsfield unit (HU). The maximum insertion torque data were recorded with the Osseocare™ (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) equipment, while resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements were taken using an Osstell™ (Integration Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden) machine at implant surgery. Comparisons including HU, Ncm, and implant stability quotient were made between two control groups (C1 and C2), and corresponding four test groups (T1–T4) using thinner drills to enhance primary implant stability.Results: Two implants were lost, meaning an overall implant survival rate of 96.6% after 3 ± 1 years. When compared to control groups, significantly higher mean maximum insertion torque and RFA values were found for corresponding test groups. In addition, strong correlations were observed between the bone density and insertion torque, and implant stability values at implant placement.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that using thinner drills for implant placement in the maxillary posterior region where bone quality is poor may improve the primary implant stability, which helps clinicians to obtain higher implant survival rates.
Determination of Bone Quality of 372 Implant Recipient Sites Using Hounsfield Unit from Computerized Tomography: A Clinical Study
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Ozan Oguz , Yilmaz Burak , Ersoy Ahmet Ersan 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: The type and architecture of bone are very important factors in the successful implant treatment, and it is manifested that higher implant failure is more likely in the poorer quality of bone. Conventional bone classifications have recently been questioned because they are subjective and retrospective.Purpose: This clinical study aimed to determine the variations of the bone density in dental implant recipient sites using computerized tomography (CT).Materials and Methods: The study group comprised of randomly selected 140 patients with 372 implant sites. Recipient sites for implant placement were determined based on CT data using implant planning StentCad software (Media Lab Software, La Spezia, Italy). The mean bone density values in Hounsfield unit (HU) of the simulated implant areas were recorded using the StentCad software.Results: The HU values ranged from 68 to 1,603 HU. It was found that mean bone density values were 927 ± 237, 721 ± 291, 708 ± 277, and 505 ± 274 HU in the anterior mandible, posterior mandible, anterior maxilla, and posterior maxilla, respectively.Conclusion: Preoperative CT examination may be a useful method for determining the bone density of recipient areas before implant placement, and this valuable information about bone quality helps clinicians to make better treatment planning regarding the implant positions.
Anatomical Bases for the Insertion of Zygomatic Implants
Authors: Rossi Marcelle , Duarte Luís Rogério , Mendonça Robson , Fernandes Atson 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain anatomical information for installing four zygomatic implants, by measurements of maxillae and zygomata.Materials and Methods: Linear and angular measurements were obtained from the maxillae and zygomata of 40 dry skulls.Results: Based on mean and standard deviation values, the installation angle of the additional implant in the four zygoma technique was between 25° and 47°, and that of the conventional zygomatic implant was between 39° and 62°. The distance between the alveolar crest in the canine region and the lateral margin of the orbital socket was 53.42 mm, and between the alveolar crest in the premolar region and the area closest to the lateral margin of the orbital socket was 42.47 mm.Conclusions: When the angle of installation of the additional implant is less than 25° and that of the conventional zygomatic implant is less than 39°, perforation of the maxilla, zygoma, or the infratemporal fossa must be avoided. When the angle of installation of an additional implant is greater than 47° and that of the conventional zygomatic implant is greater than 62°, perforation of the orbital floor must be avoided. The length of an additional implant was greater than the length of a conventional zygomatic implant, and should be measured prior to drilling, because the greatest value found for this distance was 61.94 mm, while the maximum length of the zygomatic implants currently available on the market is 52.5 mm.
Marginal Bone Loss at Implants: A Retrospective, Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Turned Brånemark System® Implants
Authors: Pikner Solweig Sundén , Gröndahl Kerstin , Jemt Torsten , Friberg Bertil 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Lately, presence of progressive bone loss around oral implants has been discussed.Purpose: The aim of this study was to report in a large patient group with different prosthetic restorations marginal bone level and its change as measured in radiographs obtained from prosthesis insertion up to a maximum 20 years in service. Further, it also aimed to study the impact of gender, age, jaw, prosthetic restoration, and calendar year of surgery.Materials and Methods: Out of 1,716 patients recorded for clinical examination during 1999, 1,346 patients (78.4%) could be identified. A total of 640 patients (3,462 originally installed Brånemark System® implants, Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden) with a follow‐up of ≥5 years were included in the study, while patients with continuous overdentures and augmentation procedures were not. Distance between the fixture/abutment junction (FAJ) and the marginal bone level was recorded.Results: The number of implants with a mean bone level of ≥3 mm below FAJ increased from 2.8% at prosthesis insertion to 5.6% at year 1, and 10.8% after 5 years. Corresponding values after 10, 15, and 20 years were 15.2, 17.2, and 23.5%, respectively. Implant‐based bone loss was as a mean 0.8 mm (SD 0.8) after 5 years, followed by only minor average changes. Mean bone loss on patient level followed a similar pattern. Disregarding follow‐up time, altogether 183 implants (107 patients) showed a bone loss ≥3 mm from prosthesis insertion to last examination. Significantly larger bone loss was found the older the patient was at surgery and for lower jaw implants.Conclusions: Marginal bone support at Brånemark implants was with few exceptions stable over years.
Influence of Defect Depth on Resonance Frequency Analysis and Insertion Torque Values for Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sockets: A Human Cadaver Study
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ilser , Sennerby Lars , Yilmaz Burak , Bilecenoglu Burak , Ozbek Esma Nida 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: Clinical studies show promising outcomes with implants inserted at the time of extraction. However, this often results in an initial bone defect at the marginal region which preferably should heal for an optimal function. Therefore, monitoring of these implants is vital.Purposes: The aims of this study were to determine the initial stability of implants placed into fresh extraction sockets, and to explore the correlations between the peri‐implant bone levels and implant stability parameters.Materials and Methods: Six human cadaver mandibles including all natural teeth were selected for this study. All natural teeth were gently extracted, and 84 implants were immediately placed into fresh extraction sockets with five different implant depths. The maximum insertion torque values were recorded, and primary implant stability measurements were performed by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA). The vertical distance between implant/abutment junction and the first bone–implant contact was recorded using a periodontal probe.Results: It was found that the insertion torque and RFA were 28.9 ± 7 Ncm and 65.6 ± 9 implant stability quotient (ISQ), respectively, for 420 measurements from all 84 implants. Statistically significant correlation was found between insertion torque and ISQ values (r = 0.86; p < .001) for all implants. Both insertion torque and ISQ values dramatically decreased when the amount of peri‐implant vertical bone defect increased.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated a linear relationship between peri‐implant vertical bone defect depth and RFA value. It is proposed that the RFA method is sensitive to detect changes of the marginal bone level and may be used to monitor healing of peri‐implant bone defects.