bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and distribution of tritium-labeled polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in serum, urine, and superficial digital flexor tendon of rabbits after intramuscular administration
Authors: Walesby H. Ame , Rosenbusch Ricardo , Booth Larry C. , Riley Christopher B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine concentrations of tritiated
polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (3H-PSGAG) in
serum, urine, and the superficial digital flexor tendon
(SDFT) of rabbits after IM administration and molecular
weight of 3H-PSGAG recovered from the SDFT.

Animals—Twenty-five 12-week-old New Zealand
White rabbits.

Procedure—Rabbits were given a single dose of
3H-PSGAG (1.1 mg/kg [70 mCi of specific activity/kg]
of body weight) IM. At each of 5 sample times (2, 24,
48, 96, and 192 hours), 5 rabbits were randomly
selected and sedated, and blood and urine samples
were collected. Rabbits were then euthanatized, and
the SDFT were immediately harvested from the hind
limbs. Scintillation spectrometry was used to detect
concentration of 3H-PSGAG in fluid and tissue samples.
Gel-filtration chromatography was used to determine
molecular weight of recovered 3H-PSGAG.

Results—Mean concentrations of 3H-PSGAG in
SDFT, serum, and urine were greatest 2 hours after
administration. Tritiated PSGAG could be detected in
all samples collected 192 hours after administration.
Gel-filtration chromatography confirmed that 3HPSGAG
detected in SDFT samples was high molecular
weight PSGAG.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate
that PSGAG is distributed to the SDFT, serum,
and urine after IM administration in rabbits. Further
study is needed to determine whether the same is
true in horses and to determine what effect, if any,
PSGAG has on inflammation of the SDFT. (Am J Vet
Res 2000;61:20–23)
Association of 3-methyleneindolenine, a toxic metabolite of 3-methylindole, with acute interstitial pneumonia in feedlot cattle
Authors: Loneragan Guy H. , Gould Daniel H. , Mason Gary L. , Garry Franklyn B. , Yost Garold S. , Lanza Diane L. , Miles Delbert G. , Hoffman Bruce W. , Mills Leon J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare concentrations of 3-methyleneindolenine (3MEIN) in lung tissues obtained from feedlot cattle that died as a result of acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) and cattle that died as a result of other causes and to compare blood concentrations of 3MEIN in healthy feedlot cattle and feedlot cattle with AIP.Study Population—Blood samples and lung tissues collected from 186 cattle housed in 14 feedlots in the western United States.Procedure—Samples of lung tissues were collected during routine postmortem examination and submitted for histologic, microbiologic, and toxicologic examination. Blood samples were collected from cattle with clinical manifestations of AIP and healthy penmates. Histologic diagnoses were categorized as AIP, bronchopneumonia (BP), control samples, and other disorders. Concentrations of 3MEIN were determined in lung tissues and blood samples, using an ELISA.Results—Concentrations of 3MEIN in lung tissues were significantly greater in AIP and BP samples, compared with control samples. Absorbance per microgram of protein did not differ between BP and AIP samples. Blood concentrations of 3MEIN were significantly greater in cattle with AIP, compared with healthy cattle or cattle with BP. Odds of an animal with AIP being a heifer was 3.1 times greater than the odds of that animal being a steer.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Increased pulmonary production of 3MEIN may be an important etiologic factor in feedlot-associated AIP. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1525–1530)
Effect of orally administered cimetidine and ranitidine on abomasal luminal pH in clinically normal milk-fed calves
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed F. , Constable Peter D. , Misk Nabil A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the change of pH in the abomasal lumen throughout a 24-hour period, to determine whether pH of the abomasal body differs from pH of the pyloric antrum, and to determine whether oral administration of cimetidine and ranitidine alters pH of the abomasal lumen in milk-fed calves.Animals—5 male dairy calves (4 Holsteins-Friesian, 1 Ayrshire), 5 to 15 days old.Procedure—Cannulas were surgically positioned in the abomasal body and pyloric antrum of each calf. Calves received the following treatments in a randomized crossover design: milk replacer (60 ml/kg of body weight, q 12 h [untreated control calves]), milk replacer and cimetidine (50 or 100 mg/kg, q 8 h), or milk replacer and ranitidine (10 or 50 mg/kg, q 8 h). The pH of the abomasal body and pyloric antrum was measured for 24 hours, using miniature glass pH electrodes.Results—Suckling of milk replacer immediately increased abomasal luminal pH from 1.4 to 6.0, followed by a gradual decrease to preprandial values by 6 hours. Preprandial and postprandial pH values were not significantly different between the abomasal body and pyloric antrum, indicating lack of pH compartmentalization in the abomasum of milk-fed calves. Administration of cimetidine and ranitidine caused a significant dose-dependent increase in mean 24-hour abomasal luminal pH.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Abomasal acid secretion in milk-fed calves is mediated in part by histamine type-2 receptors. Cimetidine and ranitidine may be efficacious in the treatment of abomasal ulcers in milk-fed calves. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1531–1538)
Telomere length and telomerase activity in canine mammary gland tumors
Authors: Yazawa Mitsuhiro , Okuda Masaru , Setoguchi Asuka , Iwabuchi Shigehito , Nishimura Ryohei , Sasaki Nobuo , Masuda Kenichi , Ohno Koichi , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure telomere length and telomerase activity in naturally occurring canine mammary gland tumors.Sample Population—27 mammary gland tumor specimens obtained during resection or necropsy and 12 mammary gland tissue specimens obtained from healthy (control) dogs.Procedure—Telomere length in tissue specimens was measured by use of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis. Telomerase activity was measured by use of a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay.Results—Telomere length in mammary gland tumors ranged from 11.0 to 21.6 kilobase pairs (kbp; mean ± SEM, 14.5 ± 0.5 kbp) but did not differ among tumor types. Telomeres in mammary gland tumors were slightly shorter than in normal tissue specimens, but telomere length could not be directly compared between groups, because mean age of dogs was significantly different between groups. Age was negatively correlated with telomere length in control dogs but was not significantly correlated with length in affected dogs. Telomerase activity was detected in 26 of 27 mammary gland tumors and in 4 of 12 normal tissue specimens. However, telomerase activity and telomere length were not correlated in tumor specimens.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Telomere length is maintained in canine mammary gland tumors regardless of the age of the affected dog. Measurement of telomere length may be a useful tool for monitoring the in vivo effects of telomerase inhibitors in dogs with tumors. (Am J Vet Res2001; 62:1539–1543)
Effects of exogenous insulin on glucose tolerance in alpacas
Authors: Cebra Christopher K. , McKane Shaun A. , Tornquist Susan J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of exogenous
insulin on clearance of exogenous glucose in alpacas.

Animals—7 adult castrated male alpacas.

Procedure—Prior to each of 2 trials, food was withheld
for 8 hours. Glucose (0.5 g/kg of body weight)
was then administered by rapid IV infusion. During 1
of the trials, regular insulin (0.2 U/kg, IV) was also
administered 15 minutes later. Blood was collected
immediately before (0 minutes) and 15, 20, 25, 30,
45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after glucose
administration. Plasma concentrations of glucose and
lactate were determined, and glucose fractional
turnover rate and plasma half-life were calculated.

Results—Insulin treatment caused a significant
increase in fractional turnover rate of glucose and
plasma lactate concentration. Plasma glucose concentrations
were less in insulin-treated alpacas from
30 minutes after glucose administration (15 minutes
after insulin administration) until the conclusion of
each trial, compared with nontreated alpacas. In addition,
plasma glucose concentration in insulin-treated
alpacas returned to baseline values 1 hour sooner
than in the nontreated group.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Glucose
uptake in alpacas improves after insulin treatment,
suggesting that administration of exogenous insulin
will increase the therapeutic and decrease the pathologic
effects of exogenous glucose administered to
hypoglycemic alpacas. However, alpacas and other
New World camelids should be monitored carefully
during treatment with glucose or insulin, because
these species appear to be partially insulin resistant.
(Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1544–1547)
Telomerase activity as a marker for malignancy in feline tissues
Authors: Cadile Casey D. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Biller Barbara J. , Hetler Elizabeth R. , Balkin Rebecca G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To establish the diagnostic significance of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay in detecting feline malignancies.Sample Population—Solid tissue specimens collected from 33 client-owned cats undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures at the University of Illinois Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between July 1997 and September 1999 and an additional 20 tissue samples were collected from 3 clinically normal control cats euthanatized at the conclusion of an unrelated study.Procedure—The TRAP assay was used for detection of telomerase activity. Each result was compared to its respective histopathologic diagnosis.Results—Twenty-nine of 31 malignant and 1 of 22 benign or normal tissue samples had telomerase activity, indicating 94% sensitivity and 95% specificity of the TRAP assay in our laboratory.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The diagnostic significance of telomerase activity has been demonstrated in humans and recently in dogs by our laboratory. We tested feline samples to determine whether similar patterns of telomerase activity exist. On the basis of our results, the TRAP assay may be clinically useful in providing a rapid diagnosis of malignancy in cats. The telomerase enzyme may also serve as a therapeutic target in feline tumors. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1578–1581)
Model formulation and determination of in vitro parameters of a noninvasive method to calculate flexor tendon forces in the equine forelimb
Authors: Meershoek Liduin S. , Bogert Anton J. van den , Schamhardt Henk C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe a method to calculate flexor tendon forces on the basis of inverse dynamic analysis and an in vitro model of the equine forelimb and to quantify parameters for the model.Sample Population—38 forelimbs of 23 horses that each had an estimated body mass of ≥ 500 kg.Procedure—Longitudinal limb sections were used to determine the lines of action of the tendons. Additionally, limb and tendon loading experiments were performed to determine mechanical properties of the flexor tendons.Results—The study quantified the parameters for a pulley model to describe the lines of action. Furthermore, relationships between force and strain of the flexor tendons and between fetlock joint angle and suspensory ligament strain were determined, and the ultimate strength of the tendons was measured.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The model enables noninvasive determination of forces in the suspensory ligament, superficial digital flexor tendon, and distal part of the deep digital flexor (DDF) tendon. In addition, it provides a noninvasive measure of loading of the accessory ligament of the DDF tendon for within-subject comparisons. However, before application, the method should be validated. The model could become an important tool for use in research of the cause, prevention, and treatment of tendon injuries in horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1585–1593)
Spatial distribution of seropositivity to the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs in California
Authors: Foley Janet E. , Foley Patrick , Madigan John E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess spatial and temporal patterns of seroprevalence among dogs in California to the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis (GE).Sample Population—Sera of 1,082 clinically normal dogs from 54 of 59 counties in California in 1997 to 1998.Procedure—Serum-specific IgG reactivity toEhrlichia equiwas assessed by use of an immunofluorescent antibody assay, usingE equi-infected horse neutrophils as substrate. Data were analyzed, using a geographic information system. Spatial analysis of seroprevalence included first order Bayesian analysis of seroprevalence and second order analysis of clustering by K-function and Cuzick-Edwards tests. Monthly seroprevalence among dogs was examined by use of regression on monthly densities ofIxodes pacificusadults and nymphs .Results—Seroprevalence among dogs toE equiwas 8.68%. Data were seasonally bimodal with highest prevalence in winter (when adult ticks were abundant) and a secondary peak in late spring (corresponding to nymphal ticks). Humboldt County had the highest seroprevalence (47.3%), and other northern coast range counties had seroprevalence from 15 to 30%.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The patchy distribution of exposure toEhrlichiaorganisms is a subset of the distribution of the tick vector. This may reflect enzootic cycles or climatic or historical factors that limited the range of the disease. Dogs, horses, and humans from north coast range counties in California are at increased risk of GE. These data provide a background for assessing risk of infection in horses and dogs, depending on geographic location. Dogs may be sentinels for assessing risk of GE in humans. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1599–1605)
Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole following intravenous and oral administration and body fluid concentrations of fluconazole following repeated oral dosing in horses
Authors: Latimer Federico G. , Colitz Carmen M. H. , Campbell Nigel B. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in horses.Animals—6 clinically normal adult horses.Procedure—Fluconazole (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered intravenously or orally with 2 weeks between treatments. Plasma fluconazole concentrations were determined prior to and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 minutes and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours after administration. A long-term oral dosing regimen was designed in which all horses received a loading dose of fluconazole (14 mg/kg) followed by 5 mg/kg every 24 hours for 10 days. Fluconazole concentrations were determined in aqueous humor, plasma, CSF, synovial fluid, and urine after administration of the final dose.Results—Mean (± SD) apparent volume of distribution of fluconazole at steady state was 1.21 ± 0.01 L/kg. Systemic availability and time to maximum plasma concentration following oral administration were 101.24 ± 27.50% and 1.97 ± 1.68 hours, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations and terminal halflives after IV and oral administration were similar. Plasma, CSF, synovial fluid, aqueous humor, and urine concentrations of fluconazole after long-term oral administration of fluconazole were 30.50 ± 23.88, 14.99 ± 1.86, 14.19 ± 5.07, 11.39 ± 2.83, and 56.99 ± 32.87 µg/ml, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Bioavailability of fluconazole was high after oral administration to horses. Long-term oral administration maintained plasma and body fluid concentrations of fluconazole above the mean inhibitory concentration (8.0 mg/ml) reported for fungal pathogens in horses. Fluconazole may be an appropriate agent for treatment of fungal infections in horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1606–1611).
Effects of dietary fat and L-carnitine on plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations and cardiac function in healthy dogs fed protein-restricted diets
Authors: Sanderson Sherry L. , Gross Kathy L. , Ogburn Phillip N. , Calvert Clay , Jacobs Gil , Lowry Stephen R. , Bird Kathy A. , Koehler Lori A. , Swanson Laurie L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate plasma taurine concentrations (PTC), whole blood taurine concentrations (WBTC), and echocardiographic findings in dogs fed 1 of 3 protein-restricted diets that varied in fat and L-carnitine content.Animals—17 healthy Beagles.Design—Baseline PTC and WBTC were determined, and echocardiography was performed in all dogs consuming a maintenance diet. Dogs were then fed 1 of 3 protein-restricted diets for 48 months: a low-fat (LF) diet, a high-fat and L-carnitine supplemented (HF + C) diet, or a high-fat (HF) diet. All diets contained methionine and cystine concentrations at or above recommended Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) minimum requirements. Echocardiographic findings, PTC, and WBTC were evaluated every 6 months.Results—The PTC and WBTC were not significantly different among the 3 groups after 12 months. All groups had significant decreases in WBTC from baseline concentrations, and the HF group also had a significant decrease in PTC. One dog with PT and WBT deficiency developed dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Taurine supplementation resulted in significant improvement in cardiac function. Another dog with decreased WBTC developed changes compatible with early DCM.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results revealed that dogs fed protein-restricted diets can develop decreased taurine concentrations; therefore, protein-restricted diets should be supplemented with taurine. Dietary methionine and cystine concentrations at or above AAFCO recommended minimum requirements did not prevent decreased taurine concentrations. The possibility exists that AAFCO recommended minimum requirements are not adequate for dogs consuming protein-restricted diets. Our results also revealed that, similar to cats, dogs can develop DCM secondary to taurine deficiency, and taurine supplementation can result in substantial improvement in cardiac function. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1616–1623)
Effects of intra-articular injections of bufexamac suspension in healthy horses
Authors: Suominen Mikko M. , Tulamo Riitta-Mari , Anttila Marjukka O. , Sankari Satu M. , Király Kari , Lapveteläinen Tuomo , Helminen Heikki J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effects of intra-articular (IA) injections of bufexamac in horses, focusing particularly on the effects of bufexamac on articular cartilage.Animals—20 Standardbreds.Procedure—Horses were randomly allocated into 4 groups consisting of 5 horses each, and 20, 60, or 100 mg of bufexamac or 1 ml of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control) was injected into 1 intercarpal joint at weekly intervals for 6 treatments (days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35). Clinical signs and results of hematologic, serum biochemical, and synovial fluid (SF) analyses and radiography were used to evaluate treatment effects. On day 49, all horses were euthanatized; gross necropsy and histologic examinations of internal organs and articular tissues were performed. Glycosaminoglycan concentration of the articular cartilage was evaluated in safranin O-stained sections by use of a semiquantitative microspectrophotometric method.Results—No systemic signs were observed. Temporary mild to moderate heat and effusion were the only clinical signs observed in a number of joints after IA injections and more often only in the 100 mg group, compared with controls. The 100 mg dose resulted in significant increases in SF WBC counts, with relative neutrophilia and SF total protein concentration 24 hours after injection (day 1). No lesions suggestive of toxic effects were detected at necropsy or on histologic examination. No changes in articular cartilage glycosaminoglycan concentration were detected.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Six injections of 20, 60, or 100 mg of bufexamac at weekly intervals did not cause any untoward systemic or local effects. These data suggest that bufexamac is a safe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for IA administration in horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1629–1635)
Effect of carprofen on hemostatic variables in dogs
Authors: Hickford Fiona H. , Barr Stephen C. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of carprofen on hemostatic variables in clinically normal dogs.Animals—12 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers.Procedure—10 dogs (6 females, 4 males) received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, PO, q 12 h) for 5 days. Two dogs (untreated control group; 1 female, 1 male) did not receive carprofen. Hemostatic variables (platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen, platelet aggregation, and bleeding time) were assessed for all dogs prior to treatment, on day 5 of treatment, and 2 and 7 days after discontinuation of the drug (days 7 and 12). Serum biochemical variables and Hct were assessed prior to treatment and on days 5 and 12.Results—In dogs receiving carprofen, platelet aggregation was significantly decreased, and onset of aggregation was significantly delayed on days 5, 7, and 12, compared with pretreatment values. Activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly increased on days 5, 7, and 12 over pretreatment values in treated dogs, but values remained within reference ranges. Significant differences were not detected in buccal mucosal bleeding time, other serum biochemical and hemostatic variables, or Hct, compared with pretreatment values and the internal control group.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Administration of carprofen for 5 days causes minor but not clinically important alterations in hemostatic and serum biochemical variables in clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. Carprofen is commonly used to treat osteoarthritis and chronic pain in dogs, but prior to this study, its effect on platelet aggregation and hemostatic variables was unknown. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1642–1646)
Calcium sensitivity of force production and myofibrillar ATPase activity in muscles from Thoroughbreds with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Mlekoday Jennifer A. , Mickelson James R. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Horton Jessica H. , Gallant Esther M. , Thompson LaDora V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether the basis for recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER) in Thoroughbreds lies in an alteration in the activation and regulation of the myofibrillar contractile apparatus by ionized calcium.Animals—4 Thoroughbred mares with RER and 4 clinically normal (control) Thoroughbreds.Procedure—Single chemically-skinned type-I (slowtwitch) and type-II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers were obtained from punch biopsy specimens, mounted to a force transducer, and the tensions that developed in response to a series of calcium concentrations were measured. In addition, myofibril preparations were isolated from muscle biopsy specimens and the maximal myofibrillar ATPase activity, as well as its sensitivity to ionized calcium, were measured.Results—Equine type-I muscle fibers were more readily activated by calcium than were type-II muscle fibers. However, there was no difference between the type-II fibers of RER-affected and control horses in terms of calcium sensitivity of force production. There was also no difference between muscle myofibril preparations from RER-affected and control horses in calcium sensitivity of myofibrillar ATPase activity.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—An alteration in myofibrillar calcium sensitivity is not a basis for pathologic contracture development in muscles from RER-affected horses. Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbreds may represent a novel heritable defect in the regulation of muscle excitation-contraction coupling or myoplasmic calcium concentration. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1647–1652)