bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjectivity, Agency, and the New Latin American History of Gender and Sexuality
Authors: Buffington Robert M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent critiques of the concept of agency by social historians have raised concerns about the ways in which it distorts, flattens, and over‐simplifies the historical field. This article argues that a better theoretical understanding of the complex intersections of subjectivity (especially the process of subjection through which the subject is produced and maintained) and agency (as exercised by the subject) will resolve many of those concerns and provide a firmer theoretical foundation for future work on the histories of gender and sexuality in Latin America. The article has four parts. First, it discusses the concept of subjectivity and explains its usefulness for historical analysis. Second, it examines two recent critiques of agency and the challenges they pose for historians. Third, it reviews Judith Butler's recent work on the relationship between subjectivity and agency, shows how that work helps address the concerns raised the recent critiques of agency, and discusses why Butler's formulation of the subjectivity and agency problem might be especially useful for historians of gender and sexuality. Finally, it explores the implications of Butler's research agenda for the new Latin American history of gender and sexuality.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori for the Prevention of Peptic Ulcer Rebleeding
Authors: Gisbert Javier P. , Calvet Xavier , Feu Faust , Bory Felipe , Cosme Angel , Almela Pedro , Santolaria Santos , Aznárez Rosario , Castro Manuel , Fernández Nuria , García‐Grávalos Rafael , Cañete Nuria , Benages Adolfo , Montoro Miguel , Borda Fernando , Pérez‐Aisa Angeles , Piqué Jose María 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on ulcer bleeding recurrence in a prospective, long‐term study including more than 400 patients.Methods:  Patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were prospectively included. H. pylori infection was confirmed by rapid urease test, histology or 13C‐urea breath test. Several eradication regimens were used. Ranitidine 150 mg was administered daily until eradication was confirmed by breath test 8 weeks after completing eradication therapy. Patients with therapy failure received a second or third course of therapy. Patients with eradication success did not receive maintenance anti‐ulcer therapy, and were controlled yearly with a repeated breath test.Results:  Four hundred and twenty‐two patients were followed up for at least 12 months, with a total of 906 patient‐years of follow up. Mean age was 59 years, and 35% were previous nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) users. Sixty‐nine percent had duodenal, 24% gastric, and 7% pyloric ulcer. Recurrence of bleeding was demonstrated in two patients at 1 year (incidence: 0.22% per patient‐year of follow up), which occurred after NSAID use in both cases.Conclusion:  Peptic ulcer rebleeding does not occur in patients with complicated ulcers after H. pylori eradication. Maintenance anti‐ulcer (antisecretory) therapy is not necessary if eradication is achieved.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in South Korea
Authors: Yim Jeong Yoon , Kim Nayoung , Choi Seung Ho , Kim Young Sun , Cho Kyung Ran , Kim Sun Sin , Seo Geom Seog , Kim Heung Up , Baik Gwang Ho , Sin Chan Soo , Cho Sang Heon , Oh Byung Hee 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastrointestinal diseases have been widely recognized. The aims of this study were to investigate the interval change of seropositivity of H. pylori between 1998 and 2005 in Korean adult population and to find the factors related to H. pylori infection.Methods:  Between January and December of 2005, a total of 15,916 health check‐up subjects (aged ≥ 16 years) from all parts of South Korea responded to the questionnaire, and the prevalence of H. pylori was investigated by measuring anti‐H pylori IgG antibodies. The seropositivity in asymptomatic subjects (aged ≥ 16 years) was compared with that of 1998, which was surveyed by the Korean H. pylori Study Group.Results:  The overall seropositivity rate (aged ≥ 16 years) was 56.0%, and 13.9% of seropositive subjects were found to have a history of H. pylori eradication therapy. With the exclusion of subjects who had a history of H. pylori eradication and current gastrointestinal symptoms, the seropositivity rate of H. pylori became 59.6% in 8020 subjects. Seroprevalence of H. pylori was significantly higher in subjects aged 50–59 years, males, low income group, and subjects from provinces. The seroprevalence in 2005 (59.6%) significantly decreased compared with that of 1998 (66.9%), and the decrease was significant in subjects aged < 70 years, Seoul and Gyeonggi province (which is close to Seoul).Conclusions:  The seroprevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic health check‐up adult subjects in 2005 decreased to 59.6% from 66.9% in 1998, probably as a result of the improvement of socioeconomic status and hygiene.
Levofloxacin‐Containing Triple Therapy to Eradicate the Persistent H. pylori after a Failed Conventional Triple Therapy
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Chang Wei‐Lun , Chen Wei‐Ying , Yang Hsiao‐Bai , Wu Jiunn‐Jong , Sheu Bor‐Shyang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:  To identify the optimal dosage of levofloxacin to eradicate persistent Helicobacter pylori when triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole fails.Methods:  We investigated 124 patients whose triple therapy including clarithromycin had failed. Clarithromycin resistance was indirectly assessed by the 13C‐urea breath test, with a post‐treatment value cut‐off point at 15. All patients were randomly divided into two groups, to receive 1‐week amoxicillin 1 g and lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, plus either levofloxacin 500 mg once (ALL‐500 group) or twice daily (ALL‐1000 group). Six weeks later, the 13C‐urea breath test was repeated to assess whether H. pylori was eradicated.Results:  Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analysis showed no difference in H. pylori eradication rates in both the ALL‐500 and ALL‐1000 groups (ITT: 79% vs. 80.6%, p > .05; PP: 86% vs. 87.5%, p > .05). For both groups, the per‐protocol H. pylori eradication rates were also similarly high between patients with a post‐treatment value of 13C‐urea breath test ≤ 15 and those with a value > 15 (ALL‐500: 85% vs. 86.5%, p > .05; ALL‐1000: 88.9% vs. 86.8%, p > .05).Conclusion:  One‐week levofloxacin 500 mg daily‐based triple therapy is effective for eradicating the persistent H. pylori after a failed triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole.
Evidence that the Degree and Duration of Acid Suppression are Related to Helicobacter pylori Eradication by Triple Therapy
Authors: Sugimoto Mitsushige , Furuta Takahisa , Shirai Naohito , Kodaira Chise , Nishino Masafumi , Ikuma Mutsuhiro , Ishizaki Takashi , Hishida Akira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgrounds and aims:  Eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori by a proton pump inhibitor‐based triple therapy depend on CYP2C19 genotype status. We investigated whether gastric acid inhibition during an eradication therapy would influence the eradication rates attained by the triple therapy.Methods:  Thirty‐two patients with H. pylori infection underwent the first‐line triple therapy with lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 750 mg, and clarithromycin 400 mg b.i.d. for 1 week. In all 32 patients, the 24‐hour intragastric pH monitoring was performed on day 6 during the treatment period.Results:  The intention‐to‐treat‐based eradication rate by the first‐line therapy was 75.0% (24/32, 95%CI: 56.60–88.54%). In patients with successful eradication, the median 24‐hour pH was 6.4 (range; 5.0–7.6), which was significantly higher than that in patients without eradication [5.2 (2.2–6.2), p = .0131]. The median percentage time of pH < 4.0 during 24‐hour postdose in patients with eradication [0.5% (0.0–31.6%)] was significantly shorter than that in patients without eradication [26.7% (6.0–72.2%), p = .0017]. These parameters for acid inhibition significantly differed among the different CYP2C19 genotype groups. When the percentage time of pH < 4.0 and 24‐hour pH were attained < 10% and > 6.0, respectively, during the eradication treatment, the majority of patients could eradicate H. pylori infection, irrespective of the bacterial susceptibility to clarithromycin.Conclusions:  The sustained intragastric pH > 4.0 for a longer postdose time appears to be required for a successful eradication of H. pylori with lansoprazole and acid‐labile antibiotics.
Improved In vitro Model Systems for Gastrointestinal Infection by Choice of Cell Line, pH, Microaerobic Conditions, and Optimization of Culture Conditions
Authors: Lindén Sara K. , Driessen Kim M. , McGuckin Michael A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  Commonly used in vitro infection cultures do not mimic the human gastrointestinal tract with regard to pH and microaerobic conditions. Furthermore, despite the importance of mucin–Helicobacter interactions, the cell lines used have not been selected for appropriate mucin expression. To make in vitro studies more applicable to human disease, we have developed coculture methods taking these factors into account.Materials and methods:  Nine human gastrointestinal epithelial cell lines (MKN1, MKN7, MKN28, MKN45, KATO3, HFE145, PCAA/C11 Caco‐2, and LS513) were investigated. Expression and glycosylation of mucins (MUC1, 2, 3, 4, 5AC, 5B, 6, 12, 13, and 16) were determined by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the effect of microaerobic conditions and acidic pH on cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis.Results:  Microaerobic culture, which is more physiological for the bacteria, did not adversely affect mammalian cell viability, proliferation, or induce apoptosis The cell lines varied in mucin expression, with MKN7 and MKN45 being most similar to gastric mucosa and Caco‐2 and LS513 to intestinal mucosa, although none exactly matched normal mucosa. However, changes in culture conditions did not cause major changes in the mucin expression within cell lines.Conclusions:  Culture conditions mimicking the natural environment and allowing the bacterial cells to thrive had no effect on cell viability or apoptosis, and very little influence on mucin expression of human gastrointestinal cells. Thus, it is feasible, using the simple methods we present here, to substantially improve bacterial–mammalian cell in vitro coculture studies to make them more reflective of human infection.
Reversal of Migraine Symptoms by Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy in Patients with Hepatitis‐B‐Related Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Hong Liu , Zhao Yunping , Han Ying , Guo Wei , Wang Jun , Li Xiaohua , Han Yu , Fan Daiming 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection might be associated with vascular diseases, such as primary Raynaud phenomenon and coronary heart diseases. The possible mechanism might be due to H. pylori antigens causing intermittent vasospasm of arterioles, which also played roles in the development of liver cirrhosis. Migraine, a functional vascular disease, was observed in many patients with cirrhosis in the clinic. This study aimed to assess the effects of H. pylori eradication on migraine symptoms in patients with hepatitis‐B‐virus‐related cirrhosis. The results clearly showed that the intensity, duration, and frequency of attacks of migraine were significantly reduced in all the patients in whom H. pylori has been eradicated. Thus, the study pushed further insight into the mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis.
Atrophic Gastritis, Helicobacter pylori, and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Machida‐Montani Ai , Sasazuki Shizuka , Inoue Manami , Natsukawa Syusuke , Shaura Kozo , Koizumi Yoichi , Kasuga Yoshio , Hanaoka Tomoyuki , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Various extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection have also recently been suggested. However, the correlation between H. pylori and colorectal cancer (CRC) is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between H. pylori, serum gastrin level, and atrophic gastritis with CRC.Materials and methods:  Subjects were patients with CRC; controls were participants of a health check‐up program that was conducted between October 1998 and March 2002 at four hospitals in Nagano Prefecture. For 121 newly diagnosed CRC cases, two controls matched by age (within 3 years), gender, and residence were randomly selected from the program participants. We conducted questionnaires and obtained blood samples from the cases and their controls. Consequently, the CRC cancer pairs consisted of 113 cases and 226 controls.Results:  Neither H. pylori infection nor gastrin level nor atrophic gastritis showed any association with a risk for CRC. However, serologically determined atrophic gastritis demonstrated significant elevation in odds ratios (ORs) for rectal cancer (OR = 3.15, 95% confidence interval; 1.19–8.35).Conclusions:  Gastric conditions such as chronic H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis are unlikely to increase the risk for CRC, although atrophic gastritis may increase the risk of rectal cancer.
Immunochromatographic Monoclonal Test for Detection of Helicobacter pylori Antigen in Stool is Useful in Children from High‐Prevalence Developing Country
Authors: Nares‐Cisneros Jesús , Jaramillo‐Rodríguez Yolanda , Martínez‐Ordaz Verónica Araceli , Velasco‐Rodríguez Victor Manuel , Madero Agustín , Mena‐Arias Gilberto , Manriquez‐Covarrubias Luis 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  Tests to detect Helicobacter pylori antigens in feces for diagnosis of infection in children demonstrate controversial results. One novel and fast monoclonal test improves diagnostic accuracy in adults, but clinical evidence of its usefulness at pediatric age is insufficient to date. The objective of this work was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this test in a sample of Mexican children.Methods:  We conduced a transversal study in 150 selected children with digestive symptoms suggestive of organic disease in whom a clinical history was conducted in addition to a fast monoclonal test (ImmunoCardSTAT® HpSA, Meridian Diagnostics) performed by immunchromatography. Patients were submitted to endoscopy and histopathologic study.Results:  Of the 150 children (mean age 7.8 ± 4.7 years), 107 (71.3%) were positive for the test, and presence of H. pylori was confirmed histologically in 109 (72.7%) children, with sensitivity of 96.3% (95% CI = 95.8–96.8), specificity of 95.1% (95% CI = 93.9–96.4), and accuracy of 96.0% (95% CI, –95.6 to –96.3); pretest probability was 0.73, while post‐test probability was 0.98. Infection rate and test accuracy increased with age.Conclusions:  This test is useful for detecting H. pylori infection in children of all ages, and is a good alternative for screening studies in developing countries with elevated prevalence due to its being fast, noninvasive, inexpensive, and easy to carry out.
Efficacy and Safety of Saccharomyces boulardii in the 14‐day Triple Anti‐Helicobacter pylori Therapy: A Prospective Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Cindoruk Mehmet , Erkan Gulbanu , Karakan Tarkan , Dursun Ayse , Unal Selahattin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  Recent studies indicate a potential role of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of Helicobacter pylori treatment‐related side‐effects and also in improvement of eradication rate. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and safety of S. boulardii in the prevention of side‐effects related to H. pylori eradication. The secondary aim of the study was to define the effect of S. boulardii on the eradication success of anti‐H. pylori therapy.Materials and methods:  One hundred and twenty‐four patients with H. pylori infection (male/female: 44/80, mean age: 48 ± 14.25 year) receiving 14 days of triple therapy (clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1000 mg b.i.d., and lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d.) were randomly assigned to S. boulardii or placebo. Dyspeptic symptoms were recorded by using modified Glasgow Dyspepsia Questionnaire (GDQ). Side‐effect profile and tolerability were assessed using a symptom‐based questionnaire. H. pylori status was rechecked after 6 weeks after completion of eradication therapy.Results:  H. pylori eradication rate, although higher in the treatment group, was statistically similar in treatment and control groups: 71% (44/62) versus 59.7% (37/62), respectively (p > .05). Nine (14.5%) patients in the treatment group and 19 (30.6%) patients in the placebo group experienced diarrhea (p < .05). Epigastric discomfort was more frequent in the control group [9 (14.5%) versus 27 (43.5%), respectively (p < .01)]. Diffuse abdominal pain, abdominal gas, taste disturbance, urticaria, nausea symptoms were similar in both groups. GDQ scores after treatment were significantly better for treatment group (mean ± SD, range: 1.38 ± 1.25 (0–5) vs. 2.22 ± 1.44 (0–6), respectively; p < .01).Conclusion:  S. boulardii improved anti‐H. pylori antibiotherapy‐associated diarrhea, epigastric discomfort, and treatment tolerability. In addition, S. boulardii supplement decreased post‐treatment dyspepsia symptoms independent of H. pylori status. However, S. boulardii had no significant affect on the rate of H. pylori eradication.
A Report Card to Grade Helicobacter pylori Therapy
Authors: Graham David Y. , Lu Hong , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

Abstract Helicobacter pylori causes a serious bacterial infectious disease, and the expectations of therapy should reflect this fact. Increasing antibiotic resistance, especially to clarithromycin, has significantly undermined the effectiveness of legacy triple therapy consisting of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin. Current cure rates are consistently below 80% intention‐to‐treat, the accepted threshold separating acceptable from unacceptable treatment results. Grading clinical studies into effectiveness categories using prespecified criteria would allow clinicians to objectively identify and compare regimens. We offer a therapy report card similar to that used to grade the performance of school children. The intention‐to‐treat cure rate categories are: F or unacceptable ( 80%), D or poor (81–84%), C or fair (85–89%), B or good (90–95%), and A or excellent (95–100%). The category of “excellent” is based on the cure rates expected with other prevalent bacterial infectious diseases. We propose that only therapies that score “excellent” (grade = A) should be prescribed. Regimens scoring as B or “good” can be used if “excellent” results are not obtainable. In most regions legacy triple therapy should be abandoned as unacceptable. Quadruple therapy and sequential therapy are reasonable alternatives for initial therapy.
Linking deformation, migmatite formation and zircon U–Pb geochronology in polymetamorphic orthogneisses, Sveconorwegian Province, Sweden
Authors: MÖLLER C. , ANDERSSON J. , LUNDQVIST I. , HELLSTRÖM F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAbsolute ages of migmatization in the polymetamorphic, parautochthonous basement of the Sveconorwegian Province, Sweden, have been determined using U–Pb ion probe analysis of zircon domains that formed in leucosome of migmatitic orthogneisses. Migmatite zircon was formed by recrystallization whereas dissolution–reprecipitation and neocrystallization were subordinate. The recrystallized migmatite zircon was identified by comparison of zircon in mesosomes and leucosomes. It is backscatter electron‐bright, U‐rich (800–4400 ppm) with low Th/U‐ratios (generally 0.01–0.1), unzoned or ‘oscillatory ghost zoned’, and occurs as up to 100 μm‐thick rims with transitional contacts to cores of protolith zircon. Protolith ages of 1686 ± 12 and 1668 ± 11 Ma were obtained from moderately resorbed, igneous zircon crystals (generally Th/U = 0.5–1.5, U < 300 ppm) in mesosomes; protolith zircon is also present as resorbed cores in the leucosomes. Linkage of folding, synchronous migmatization and formation of recrystallized zircon rims allowed direct dating of south‐vergent folding at 976 ± 7 Ma. At a second locality, similar recrystallized zircon rims in leucosome date pre‐Sveconorwegian migmatization at 1425 ± 7 Ma; an upper age bracket of 1394 ± 12 Ma for two overprinting phases of deformation (upright folding along gently SSW‐plunging axes and stretching in ESE) was set by zircon in a folded metagranitic dyke. Lower age brackets for these events were set at 952 ± 7 and 946 ± 8 Ma by zircon in two crosscutting and undeformed granite–pegmatite dykes. Together with previously published data the present results demonstrate: (i) Tectonometamorphic reworking during the Hallandian orogenesis at 1.44–1.42 Ga, resulting in migmatization and formation of a coarse gneissic layering. (ii) Sveconorwegian continent–continent collision at 0.98–0.96 Ga, involving (a) emplacement of an eclogite unit, (b) regional high‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism, (c) southvergent folding, subhorizontal, east–west stretching and migmatization, all of which caused overprint or transposition of older Mesoproterozoic and Sveconorwegian structures. The Sveconorwegian migmatization and folding took place during or shortly after the emplacement of Sveconorwegian eclogite and is interpreted as a result of north–south shortening, synchronous with east–west extension and unroofing during late stages of the continent–continent collision.
Editorial: Poor Outcomes for Fast Transporters on PD: The Rise and Fall of a Clinical Concern
Authors: Chung Sung Hee , Heimbürger Olof , Lindholm Bengt 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA rapid peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR), generally termed a “high” PSTR, may in fact be associated with low small solute transport due to the low ultrafiltration rates with which it is associated; the term “fast” PSTR has, therefore, been proposed as a more accurate descriptive term. During the 1990s several studies showed that fast PSTR was associated with high mortality—presumably because it may lead to fluid overload, nutritional and metabolic alterations but also because it may be associated with other risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, other comorbid diseases, and inflammation. However, the consensus of today is that a fast PSTR is not as critical for patient survival as previously thought but that the prognosis depend on the type of fast PSTR: Type 1—an early inherent type which is associated with increased mortality mainly because it is associated with comorbidity and inflammation; these patients would have a poor prognosis also if they were treated by hemodialysis. Type 2—an early inherent type with a large peritoneal surface area; and Type 3—a late acquired type with peritoneal membrane changes which develop with time on peritoneal dialysis (PD); these two types have a good prognosis provided that fluid balance is controlled using automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) and icodextrin‐based PD solution. Thus, with the increased use of APD and icodextrin, the prognosis of fast transporters now looks less bleak. Perhaps, it will be possible in the future to even demonstrate improved survival in the Type 2 and Type 3 fast transporters using APD and icodextrin. In addition, there is hope that the new PD solutions may prevent the development of fast PSTR as well as have a favorable impact on its complications.