bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WIRKUNG VON 1,2α-METHYLEN-6-CHLOR-Δ4,6-PREGNADIEN-17α-OL-3,20-DION (CYPROTERON) AUF DIE BIOGENESE VON C19-STEROIDEN IN RATTENTESTES
Authors: Hoffmann W. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of 1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione (Cyproterone) on the formation of C19-steroids from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone was studied in the 20 000 × g supernatants and the microsomal fractions obtained from the testis of young (5 weeks ± 5 days) and old (5 months ± 14 days) rats. Under the experimental conditions chosen, cyproterone (final concentration 2.7-27 μmoles/1) inhibited the biogenesis of C19-steroids to an extent of 20–80%. On the basis of enzyme-kinetic studies, cyproterone belongs to the class of »mixed type inhibitors«. The investigation of the pattern of the C19-steroid metabolites showed that, after the addition of cyproterone, the formation of testosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and the »polar« fraction was inhibited, whereas the androsterone fraction mostly increased. These results suggest that cyproterone affects not only the activity of the desmolase, but also the activities of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of C19-steroids.
The experiments reported are, to a large extent, in agreement to the already known fact that the activity of the desmolase depends upon the age of rats. However, the biogenesis of C19-steroids from C21-steroids is greatly influenced by the preparation of the relevant enzyme systems and by the experimental conditions.
THE EFFECT OF DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN IN VITRO ON THE METABOLISM OF TESTOSTERONE BY RAT LIVER SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS
Authors: Sholiton Leon J. , Werk Emile E. , MacGee Joseph 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in vitro on the »metabolite profile« of testosterone-4-14C has been studied utilizing incubates of high speed supernatant and microsomal fractions of rat liver. In contrast to earlier experiments with rat liver slices, in which a standard amount of DPH resulted in increased non-polar metabolite production, in the present experiments, when separate subcellular fractions are incubated, no such DPH effect can be detected under the conditions utilized. When certain mixtures of supernatant and microsomal fractions are incubated, however, there is evidence that the DPH augmentation of non-polar metabolite production can again be manifest. An explanation for these results can only be speculated upon at present.
OESTROGEN BINDING IN THE MOUSE UTERUS
Authors: Terenius Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tissue slices from immature mice were incubated at 37° C in a buffer with tritium-labelled oestrogens. The target tissues, uterus and vagina are found to take up much more 17β-oestradiol than several non-target tissues (the diaphragm, heart, thymus, spleen, stomach or kidney). In addition, when tissue slices, which have been pre-loaded with 17β-oestradiol, are washed, the uterus and vagina retain the oestrogen much more strongly than the non-target tissues. Uteri preloaded in vivo with 17β-oestradiol also retain the accumulated oestrogen strongly on washing in vitro.
The synthetic oestrogen meso-hexoestrol is also selectively taken up and retained by the uterus but to a lower extent than 17β-oestradiol. The isomeric racemic hexoestrol is a much less potent oestrogen and is not selectively bound by the uterus. However, the retention of racemic hexoestrol both by the uterus and the diaphragm is high.
The preferential uterine uptake of the potent oestrogens is inhibited by low incubation temperature. A low incubation temperature also inhibits the wash-out of oestrogens from the uterus.
There was no evidence of extensive metabolic transformations of the oestrogens investigated. It is likely that the mode of oestrogen retention in the mouse uterus and vagina is due to non-covalent binding.
THE EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION IN MALE PATIENTS WITH ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY AND FOLLOWING CASTRATION
Authors: Harkness R. A. , Bell E. T. , Loraine J. A. , Ismail A. A. A. , Morse W. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of clomiphene administration on steroid and gonadotrophin output has been studied in three male patients with adrenocortical insufficiency and in three castrate men.
In the patients with adrenocortical insufficiency the main effect of clomiphene was to produce a marked increase in the output of urinary testosterone and of its metabolites, androsterone and aetiocholanolone. It is concluded that this effect results from testicular stimulation.
In the castrate males clomiphene caused a less marked rise in the excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androsterone and aetiocholanolone, presumably indicating adrenocortical stimulation. Testosterone levels may have fallen slightly during the administration of the compound.
Little or no effect on the output of »total gonadotrophic activity« or of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was produced by clomiphene.
SIGNIFICANCE OF TESTICULAR BIOPSIES IN CRYPTORCHIDISM IN CHILDREN
Authors: Salle B. , Hedinger Chr. , Nicole R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present investigators after studying 160 biopsies of the cryptorchid testis in 148 children, find that in 15% of the testes there is an absence of germinative elements, in 45% a considerable diminution of spermatogonia and in 2 cases an anorchidism. The finding of a diminution of diameter of the seminiferous tubules confirms the work of other investigators. The problem of a testicular dysgenesis as the cause of cryptorchidism is discussed. Testicular biopsies during surgical treatment are essential in order to give a prognosis, taking into account the present knowledge of the evolution of these lesions.
TAGESPERIODISCHE SCHWANKUNGEN DES NEUROHYPOPHYSÄREN OXYTOCINGEHALTES BEI MÄNNLICHEN WISTAR-RATTEN
Authors: König Annemarie , Martin Brigitte 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult male Wistar rats were kept at a constant temperature (22 ± 0.5° C) and in an alternating light-dark environment consisting of 12 hours of light with 150 lux (7 a. m. – 7 p. m.) and 12 hours of darkness (7 p. m. – 7 a. m.). In the months of March – December groups of animals were decapitated at 4 hourly intervals. Oxytocic activity of posterior pituitary lobe revealed diurnal changes with high values at 2 a. m. and low values at 6 p. m. The results are compared with the diurnal behaviour of antidiuretic hormone content of posterior pituitary lobe.
SIMULTANEOUS BIOASSAY OF EXOPHTHALMOS-PRODUCING AND THYROTROPHIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Frisén Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Further research on EPS and its relationship to TSH demands improved methods of assay. An EPS bioassay, based on a teleost fish, Carassius carassius L., and the valid measuring of the volume changes in the orbital tissues by extended exophthalmometry, has been developed and evaluated. It was found that the variance of response was strongly influenced by the technique of injection, the duration of assay, and the measuring method. Linear log dose-response regressions were obtained with single injections in the interval of 50 to 5000 μg of an anterior pituitary hormone preparation (Ambinon®, Organon). The mean index of precision equalled 0.27 for the most favourable technique. The median threshold dose was 21 μg. The assay was completed in three hours.
Hypophysectomized fishes were less responsive than normal fishes. Thyroxine treatment resulted in increased proptosis and impaired precision of EPS assay. Two strains of the same species were studied. It is suggested that the observed differences in assay performance is related to the magnitude of endogenous thyroxine output.
Radiation inactivation of bovine EPS disclosed a radiosensitive molecular weight of 4.7 × 104.
SIMULTANEOUS BIOASSAY OF EXOPHTHALMOS-PRODUCING AND THYROTROPHIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: Frisén Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two methods of thyrotrophin assay based on the crucian carp, Carassius carassius L., are described. One method used the 72-h combined thyroid region radioiodine uptake as response, the other, which makes possible the continuous study of response evolution, was based on the induced excretion of labeled thyroid iodine. The endogenous TSH release was suppressed by hypophysectomy or thyroxine administration. The optimal time intervals between injections, samplings and sacrifice were determined. Linear log dose-response regressions were obtained in the intervals of 0.35–110 mIU and 0.6–180 mIU, respectively. The most favourable designs produced mean indices of precision of 0.46 and 0.58, respectively, with single hormone injections.
Two strains of the same species were compared.
A preliminary study of heavily y-irradiated bovine thyrotrophin disclosed a radiosensitive molecular weight of 2.7 × 104.
GENETIC VARIATION IN ADRENAL WEIGHT: STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF MICE
Authors: Badr F. M. , Shire J. G. M. , Spickett S. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth in weight of the adrenal gland has been followed in three normal strains of mice: A/Cam, CBA/FaCam, and Peru.
CBA mice have the heaviest adrenals and A mice the lightest. Female mice have larger adrenals than male mice in all three strains. This sex-difference is significant in Peru mice before puberty and becomes more pronounced in all three strains as development proceeds.
Adrenal weight bears a linear relation to body weight in the female mice. The heaviest adrenals, relative to body weight, are found in Peru females and the lightest in A females.
The relative growth of the adrenals of male mice can be divided into two phases; an early, rapid, one, and a slower, later, one. The ranking of the strains according to the relative weight of the adrenals is different in the two phases. Peru mice have the heaviest adrenals during the first phase while those of CBA mice are the heaviest in the second. The two phases of growth are separated by a transition phase. An absolute fall in adrenal weight occurs during the transition phase in Peru males, but not in A or CBA males. Histological observations show that degeneration of the X zone coincides with the transition phase in all three strains. The three strains differ in the age and body weight at which X zone regression takes place in male mice.
AN AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF OESTRADIOL INCORPORATION IN THE BREAST TISSUE OF FEMALE RATS
Authors: Sander Sten , Attramadal Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The localization of (6,7-3H) 17β-oestradiol in breast tissue of female rats has been studied using autoradiography. Selective accumulation of radio-activity was found in the epithelial lining of acini and ducts of the breast tissue. The labelling was much more extensive in the epithelial cells than in the stroma.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON HYDROLYSIS OF OESTROGEN CONJUGATES IN BOVINE URINE
Authors: Sinadinović J. R. , Velle Weiert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestratetraenol is an artifact arising from oestradiol-17α during acid hydrolysis of bovine urine. This finding led us to investigate the influence of acid concentration and time of heating on the yield of these two substances as compared with enzyme hydrolysis.
For oestradiol-17α enzyme hydrolysis resulted in a 5 to 6 times higher yield than acid hydrolysis (6 vol.% HCl. 1 hour at 100° C). The results being the same whether the starting material was natural urine or previously extracted conjugates.
When acid hydrolysis was used as mentioned above, the conversion of pure oestradiol-17α to oestratetraenol was of the order of 10 to 15%. In view of the extreme lability of oestradiol-17α to acid hydrolysis and its partial transformation to oestratetraenol, the problems of acid hydrolysis of bovine urinary oestrogen conjugates are discussed.
OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS BY SEGMENTS OF BOVINE FOLLICLE AND THE EFFECT OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE PREPARATIONS
Authors: Oakey R. E. , Stitch S. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
[4-14C] Testosterone was converted to [14C] oestrone and [14C]17β-oestradiol on incubation with slices of bovine follicles. These metabolites were identified by sequential chromatography, derivative formation and recrystallization to constant 14C/3H ratio. Both Graafian and atretic follicles were able to synthesize these oestrogens from testosterone.
The yield of [14C] oestrone plus [14C] 17β-oestradiol, measured by reverse isotope dilution analysis, varied from 4 μμmoles to 4459 μμmoles in the 19 follicles tested. Differences, much greater than the measured experimental error, were also found in the yields from the two halves of individual follicles. The difficulties imposed by these findings in demonstrating an effect of gonadotrophins are discussed.
On incubation of segments of two follicles, identified histologically as Graafian follicles, in the presence of ovine follicle stimulating hormone, the yield of radioactive oestrone and 17β-oestradiol from [4-14C] testosterone was markedly reduced. In eight other follicles, the majority of which were atretic, the conversion of [4-14C] testosterone was not influenced by gonadotrophin in vitro.
These results would suggest that, in some follicles, follicle stimulating hormone in vitro may modify steroid biosynthesis. In these cases the major locus of action of gonadotrophin on steroid biosynthesis appears to be before the synthesis of testosterone.
STUDIES WITH THYROTROPHIN-131I IN SERUM OF NORMAL AND HYPOTHYROID RATS
Authors: Pisarev Mario A. , Altschuler Noé , Orlando C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Purified bovine thyrotrophin (TSH-NIH) was labelled with 131I. Its radiolysis was studied by paper chromatography. The results obtained indicated that the preparation should be used within the first few days of the labelling procedure.
The labelled hormone was injected intravenously into normal and hypothyroid rats. The serum disappearance rate of TSH was lower in the hypometabolic group and the curve showed three components. The half life of the second component was about 14 minutes for normal and 21 minutes for hypothyroid rats.
Column chromatography of sera developed with Dowex 1 × 8 showed three fractions. The significance of these is discussed.
CHANGES IN BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PLASMA INSULIN, FREE FATTY ACIDS, GROWTH HORMONE AND 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS DURING INTRAMUSCULAR VASOPRESSIN TESTS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Karp M. , Pertzelan A. , Doron M. , Kowadlo-Silbergeld A. , Laron Z. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 5–10 units to 20 children and adolescents, divided into the following 3 groups: I – normal controls; II – patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency; III – patients with pituitary insufficiency involving several hormones. In all the patients studied, LVP induced a rise in plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids. In the normal controls LVP induced a moderate rise in blood glucose. Patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency showed no rise, and those with pituitary insufficiency involving several hormones showed a great variability in response. In all 3 groups there was a sharp decrease in plasma free fatty acids, most marked in the patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency, and a slower return to base line levels. There was no change in the plasma concentration of growth hormone in any of the patients. Plasma insulin rose moderately in the normal controls; there was little or no change in any of the patients with pituitary insufficiency. The above finding that LVP induced a reduction in plasma free fatty acids in the patients with pituitary insufficiency without any concomitant elevation of plasma insulin and blood glucose, is in agreement with the assumption that LVP acts directly on adipose tissue.
THE CALCIUM-INFUSION-HYDROXYPROLINE TEST
Authors: Skovsted L. , Kristensen M. , Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Hansen J. Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary hydroxyproline was measured before, during, and after intravenous calcium-infusion in 5 normal subjects and in 4 patients with parathyroid adenomata. The results show that primary hyperparathyroidism cannot be diagnosed by means of a calcium-infusion-hydroxyproline test.
PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID, PLASMA INSULIN AND BLOOD SUGAR OF NORMAL FASTING AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS WITH OR WITHOUT HYPERCORTICISM
Authors: Asfeldt Vivian Harding , Jørgensen Kai R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Transient, maximum stimulation with β1–24 corticotrophin has been carried out in nine normal fasting subjects, in two fasting diabetics without hypercorticism and in three fasting diabetics with hypercorticism.
Fluorimetric determinations of corticosteroids and determinations of immunological detectable insulin in plasma and blood sugar were made during stimulation.
No significant variation in the blood sugar or the plasma insulin during transient, maximum ACTH stimulation was found either in normal fasting subjects or in fasting diabetics with or without hypercorticism. Moreover, in two diabetics with hypercorticism the plasma insulin response was measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. After treatment for approximately seven months with glucocorticosteroids, a reduced glucose tolerance and an increased plasma insulin response were found in one of these two patients. Four and a half months after the termination of steroid treatment, normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin responses were observed.
In one patient, after several years of hypercorticism, a reduced glucose tolerance and a markedly reduced plasma insulin response were found.
EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL AND OESTRIOL ON THE DISPOSITION OF INJECTED RADIOACTIVE PROLINE, HYDROXYPROLINE AND TYROSINE IN MAN
Authors: Katz Fred H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It was shown in a previous study that oestrogens administered to man in amounts similar to those produced in normal pregnancy reduce urinary free and peptide-bound hydroxyproline (hypro) excretion. These doses of oestrogen have now been found to increase the disappearance rate (P < 0.001) of radioactivity from plasma after 14C-proline injection but not after 3H-hydroxyproline, an amino acid which is not incorporated into collagen. These results are viewed as consistent with an anabolic effect of oestrogens. The ability of these hormones to diminish urinary hypro in man is attributed to this anabolic action as well as to the »anticatabolic« effects of these hormones previously demonstrated. Oestrogens do not suppress urinary hypro excretion via a direct action on the kidney; on the contrary, renal excretion of labeled material was increased somewhat following radioactive 3H-hypro and 14C-tyrosine injection.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Ismail A. A. A. , Harkness R. A. , Loraine J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial assays of urinary testosterone have been performed in seven normally menstruating women; in six of these pregnanediol estimations were also conducted and in four oestrogen determinations were made. All the cycles were of an ovulatory character as judged by the pattern of steroid excretion.
In five subjects peaks of testosterone output were observed in the luteal phase of the cycle. In one a broad band of excretion extended from midcycle into the luteal phase, and in one the luteal peak was absent. Four women showed definite peaks of testosterone output at midcycle, and in two follicular phase peaks were also encountered.
It is suggested that fluctuations in urinary testosterone excretion during the normal menstrual cycle result from the secretion of precursors of the hormone by the ovaries rather than by the adrenals.
EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND CORTISONE ON THE INCORPORATION OF 3H-THYMIDINE INTO THE DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA) OF THE REGENERATING LIVER IN THE WHITE RAT
Authors: Guzek Jan W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Both cortisone and ACTH inhibit the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of parenchymatous cells in the regenerating rat liver. In addition, the mitotic activity of hepatocytes is markedly impaired. It is assumed that the suppression of mitoses in the regenerating rat liver, caused by cortisone or ACTH, is due to a direct or indirect interference with DNA synthesis.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ADRENAL SECRETORY RHYTHM OF THE BROWN LEMMING
Authors: Andrews Richard V. , Keil Lanny C. , Keil Nancy Nolder 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolated lemming adrenals display daily rhythms which persist for at least five days when the glands are maintained in organ culture. Rhythmic corticosteroid secretion in vitro shows a »free running« period of less than 24 hours (23.4 ± 0.2 hours). When the intervals of animal sacrifice in culture experiments overlap, initial peaks displayed by glands from the freshly killed donor animals are in phase with peaks of five-day cultures; these data are interpreted as evidence for »free running« periodicity in adrenal function of lemmings exposed to the arctic day.
STUDIES ON HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Goverde B. C. , Veenkamp F. J. N. , Homan J. D. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Six preparations of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG), differing in purity and biological potency, were analysed for their carbohydrate and amino acid composition. The results of the determinations indicated a certain relation between the biological potency on the one hand, and the content of certain substances, particularly sialic acid and fucose (both carbohydrate terminal groups of glycoproteins), on the other. As the sialic acid fraction contained only N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA), a true quantitative determination could be made.
Two methods used for the release of NANA were compared and it was found that neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae released 96% of the amount of NANA which could be released by 0.01 n hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. Based on the results of biological and NANA assays of 16 preparations, a mathematical relation between the biological potency and the NANA content, as an independent variable, was calculated. Membrane electrophoresis in Veronal-formamide buffer revealed a sharp band pattern, which could be explained by assuming a polymorphous HCG molecule, differing mainly in the number of terminal NANA groups. The prospects of a chemical assay of HCG based on the determination of NANA are, however, not at all encouraging.
PERPHENAZINE AND SERUM PROTEIN BOUND IODINE
Authors: Cooper T. B. , Simpson G. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hypothesis that the elevation of PBI in patients receiving perphenazine is caused by an iodine contaminant is questioned. Data is presented which clearly shows that in four patients on whom an unequivocal increase of PBI due to perphenazine was demonstrated, the amount of iodine ingested via the medication could not account for the magnitude of the increase observed. Additional support is given by the observation that the PBI continues to rise after medication has ceased to be administered.
STIMULATING AND INHIBITING EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE ON THE RELEASE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Caligaris L. , Astrada J. J. , Taleisnik S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma LH was determined in ovariectomized-oestrogen treated rats by the ovarian ascorbic acid method. The elevated plasma LH of the spayed animals was found to be depressed on the third day after a single injection of 20 μg oestradiol benzoate.
Progesterone (2 mg) injected on the third day after oestrogen induced an increase in plasma LH a few hours later. This effect of progesterone was evident only when blood was drawn in the afternoon, but not when blood was drawn in the morning. In hypophysectomized animals progesterone failed to change plasma LH activity.
On the afternoon of the fourth day after the injection of oestrogen, the plasma LH returned to the elevated preinjection levels. However, when progesterone was administered on the 3rd day these elevated levels were markedly depressed. It is concluded that progesterone has a biphasic effect, first stimulating and then inhibiting, on the release of LH.