bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lives Saved Through Increasing Adherence to Follow-Up After Abnormal Cervical Cancer Screening Results
Authors: Harper Diane M. , Yu Tiffany M. , Fendrick A. Mark 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To model the potential number of cancers prevented and life-years saved over a range of adherence rates to cervical cancer screening, surveillance follow-up, and follow-up colposcopy that may result from removing financial barriers to these essential clinical services.

METHODS:
A previously validated decision-analytic Markov microsimulation model was used to evaluate the increase in adherence to screening, surveillance, and colposcopy after an abnormal cervical cancer screening result. For each incremental increase in adherence, we modeled the number of cervical cancer cases avoided, the stages at which the cancers were detected, the number of cervical cancer deaths avoided, and the number of life-years gained.

RESULTS:
Compared with current adherence rates, the model estimated that an optimized scenario of perfect screening, surveillance, and colposcopy adherence per 100,000 women currently eligible for screening in the United States was 128 (95% CI, 66–199) fewer cervical cancers detected (23%), 62 (95% CI, 7–120) fewer cervical cancer deaths (20%), and 2,135 (95% CI, 1,363–3,057) more life-years saved. Sensitivity analysis revealed that any increase in adherence led to clinically meaningful health benefits.

CONCLUSION:
The consequences of not attending routine screening or follow-up after an abnormal cervical cancer screening result are associated with preventable cervical cancer morbidity and premature mortality. Given the potential for the removal of consumer cost sharing to increase the use of necessary follow-up after abnormal screening results and to ultimately reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality, public and private payers should remove cost barriers to these essential services.
The Outcome of A Centralization Program in Biliary atresia
Authors: Davenport Mark , Makin Erica , Ong Evelyn GP , Sharif Khalid , Dawrant Michael , Alizai Naved 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Biliary atresia (BA) is a rare disease and reported outcomes of surgical management, typically a Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE), vary considerably across the world. Centralization has been proposed to improve this.

Summary Background Data:
A national centralization programme was started in Jan. 1999, involving 3 English units with co-located liver transplant facilities. As the program has now reached the 20-year point, the main aim was to update outcome statistics and identify trends.

Methods:
Prospective registry and database. The main measures of outcome were (i) time to KPE, (ii) Clearance of Jaundice (CoJ), defined as reaching a bilirubin value of <20µmol/L (≈1.5 mg/dL), and (iii) actuarial native liver survival (NLS) and overall survival (OS). Data are quoted as median (IQR) and non-parametric statistical comparison used with P<0.05 regarded as significant.

Results:
867 infants were born with BA and managed between January 1999 and December 2019. Death occurred without intervention (n=10, 1.1%) or were subject to primary transplant (n=26, 3.0%); leaving 831 (95.9%) infants who underwent KPE at median age of 51 (IQR 39-64) days. Age at KPE reduced over the period (P=0.0001) becoming 48(35-57) days in the last 5-year era. CoJ was achieved in 505/831 (60.6%), also increasing over the period (P=0.002). 42 (5.0%) died post-KPE and 384 were transplanted, leaving 405 alive with their native livers at last follow-up. Of the 412 children transplanted, there were 23 (5.6%) deaths, leaving 387 alive. 5-year and 10-year native liver survival were 51.3% (95% CI 54.8-47.8) and 46.5% (95% CI 50.1 - 42.9) and overall survival were 91.5% (95% CI 93.2 – 89.4) and 90.5% (95% CI 92.3 – 88.2%) respectively.

Conclusions:
There have been continued improvements in efficiency over the period of centralization with a significant reduction in time to KPE and improved CoJ following KPE. Overall survival in this disease remains >90%.
Current opinion: Racial and ethnic health disparities in multiple sclerosis: considering the social determinants of health
Authors: Robers Michael V. , Amezcua Lilyana 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
We discuss racial and ethnic disparities in multiple sclerosis (MS), outcomes, and social determinants of health (SDoH). We also provide essential considerations needed to bridge the gap in inequalities, including broader representation of racial and ethnic people in clinical trials and research in general and the inclusion of better measures of living conditions.

Recent findings
The incidence and prevalence of MS have become more diverse in the USA. There is increased recognition that racial and ethnic health disparities and inequities exist due to adverse social conditions. Clinical trials have failed to be inclusive and diverse. Training in health disparity is an essential priority of funding sources, and designing clinical trials that consider the barriers these populations face can close significant gaps.

Summary
The incidence, prevalence, and awareness of MS have seen an incline in diverse racial and ethnic populations. Health disparities exist in MS with Black, Hispanic, and indigenous populations appearing to have worse outcomes. SDoH play a significant role in causing these health disparities. Accessibility to clinical trials and treatment are barriers these populations face. Strategic and earnest interventions considering SDoH are critically needed to develop solutions that collectively improve health and MS care for all.
Febrile Seizure Risk Following Monovalent COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in US Children Aged 2-5 Years
Authors: Anderson Steven A , Smith Elizabeth R , Wan Zhiruo , Amend Kandace L , Secora Alex , Djibo Djeneba Audrey , Kazemi Kamran , Song Jennifer , Parlett Lauren E , Seeger John D , Selvam Nandini , McMahill-Walraven Cheryl N , Hu Mao , Chillarige Yoganand , Forshee Richard A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate febrile seizure risk following monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination among children aged 2-5 years.MethodsThe primary analysis evaluated children who had a febrile seizure outcome in the 0-1 days following COVID-19 vaccination. A self-controlled case series analysis was performed in three commercial insurance databases to compare the risk of seizure in the risk interval (0-1 days) to a control interval (8-63 days).The exposure of interest was receipt of dose 1 and/or dose 2 of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations.The primary outcome was febrile seizure (0-1 day risk interval).A conditional Poisson regression model was used to compare outcome rates in risk and control intervals and estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-analyses were used to pool results across databases.ResultsThe primary meta-analysis found a statistically significant increased incidence of febrile seizure, in the 0-1 days following mRNA-1273 vaccination compared to the control interval (IRR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.35 to 4.69, risk difference (RD)/100,000 doses = 3.22 (95%CI -0.31 to 6.75)). For the BNT162b2 vaccination, the IRR was elevated but not statistically significant (IRR: 1.41, 95%CI: 0.48 to 4.11, RD/100,000 doses = -0.25 (95%CI -2.75 to 2.24).ConclusionsAmong children aged 2-5 years, the analysis showed a small elevated incidence rate ratio of febrile seizures in the 0-1 days following the mRNA-1273 vaccination. Based on the current body of scientific evidence, the safety profile of the monovalent mRNA vaccines remains favorable for use in young children.Article SummaryIn this self-controlled case series study, researchers evaluated whether there is an elevated risk of febrile seizure immediately following monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.What’s Known on This SubjectThe United States Food and Drug Administration previously noted a potential safety concern for seizure in children aged 2-5 years receiving the ancestral monovalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.What This Study AddsIn this self-controlled case series that included participants aged 2-5 years from three commercial insurance databases, the incidence rate ratio of febrile seizures was significantly elevated in the 0-1 days following mRNA-1273 administration. Absolute risk was small.
Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in proactive behavior at the workplace: the mediating role of gratitude
Authors: Xia Jingbo , Xu Hongxiang , Xie Luling 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study examined how inclusive leadership in the workplace promotes proactive behavior in employees based on self-determination theories and a model of motivation for proactive behavior.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 270 employees from various provinces in China, we investigated the relationship between inclusive leadership (measured at Time 1), workplace gratitude (measured at Time 1) and proactive behaviors (measured at Time 2). To test our hypotheses, SEM analysis was conducted to measure the path coefficients, followed by bootstrapping analysis to assess the indirect impacts of gratitude at work.FindingsThe results suggest that inclusive leadership could enhance subordinates’ propensity to be grateful, which in turn will increase the frequency of their proactive behaviors.Originality/valueFirst, the evidence presented further validates the proposed association between inclusive leadership and proactive behavior, and it also enriches related theories. Second, our study introduced workplace gratitude as a mediator, deepening the understanding of the mechanisms linking inclusive leadership and proactive behavior.
How accurate are drug cryptomarket listings by content, weight, purity and repeat purchase?
Authors: Barratt Monica J. , Coomber Ross , Kowalski Michala , Aldridge Judith , Munksgaard Rasmus , Ferris Jason , Malm Aili , Martin James , Décary-Hétu David 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Drug cryptomarkets increase information available to market actors, which should reduce information asymmetry and increase market efficiency. This study aims to determine whether cryptomarket listings accurately represent the advertised substance, weight or number and purity, and whether there are differences in products purchased from the same listing multiple times.

Design/methodology/approach
Law enforcement drug purchases – predominantly cocaine, methamphetamine, MDMA and heroin – from Australian cryptomarket vendors (n = 38 in 2016/2017) were chemically analysed and matched with cryptomarket listings (n = 23). Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted.

Findings
Almost all samples contained the advertised substance. In most of these cases, drugs were either supplied as-advertised-weight or number, or overweight or number. All listings that quantified purity overestimated the actual purity. There was no consistent relationship between advertised purity terms and actual purity. Across the six listings purchased from multiple times, repeat purchases from the same listing varied in purity, sometimes drastically, with wide variation detected on listings purchased from only one month apart.

Research limitations/implications
In this data set, cryptomarket listings were mostly accurate, but the system was far from perfect, with purity overestimated. A newer, larger, globally representative sample should be obtained to test the applicability of these findings to currently operating cryptomarkets.

Originality/value
This paper reports on the largest data set of forensic analysis of drug samples obtained from cryptomarkets, where data about advertised drug strength/dose were obtained.
Very weak finite element methods: discretisation and applications
Authors: Ramalho Queiroz Pacheco Douglas 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study aims to propose and numerically assess different ways of discretising a very weak formulation of the Poisson problem.Design/methodology/approachWe use integration by parts twice to shift smoothness requirements to the test functions, thereby allowing low-regularity data and solutions.FindingsVarious conforming discretisations are presented and tested, with numerical results indicating good accuracy and stability in different types of problems.Originality/valueThis is one of the first articles to propose and test concrete discretisations for very weak variational formulations in primal form. The numerical results, which include a problem based on real MRI data, indicate the potential of very weak finite element methods for tackling problems with low regularity.
Can mutual fund characteristics predict future performance? Evidence from Portugal
Authors: Sá Maria Inês , Leite Paulo , Correia Maria Carmo 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate not only the performance of Portuguese mutual funds investing in domestic and international equities but also which fund characteristics, such as age, size, family size, expense ratios and flows, influence future performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Fund performance is evaluated over the 2005–2022 period by a robust six-factor model, while the impact of fund characteristics on performance is assessed by a set of fixed-effects panel data regressions with two-way cluster-robust standard errors.

Findings
The results show that, while funds investing in domestic equities predominantly exhibit neutral performance, most international equity funds have significantly negative alphas. The authors document a negative and statistically significant relationship between fund age and performance for all fund categories. Total expense ratios have an inverse relationship with domestic equity fund performance but do not impact the performance of international equity funds significantly. Though fund flows have a neutral effect on performance across the overall period, they are important determinants of both domestic and international funds’ performance in more recent years.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to the literature by carrying out a comprehensive analysis, based on recent and robust methodologies, of the impact of mutual fund characteristics on the future performance of Portuguese equity funds. The research findings serve as a premise for advising investors on how to choose the top-performing funds.
A case of bullous pemphigoid following administration of anti‐IL‐31 receptor A antibody
Authors: Masuyuki Ryosuke , Sato Emi , Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune bullous dermatosis, occurs predominantly in older individuals. Nemolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against the interleukin (IL)‐31 receptor A, is used to treat severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japan. However, it can cause several adverse events, such as exacerbation of AD, erythema, and eosinophilia. Herein, we describe a case of prurigo‐type AD developing BP after nemolizumab administration. A 62‐year‐old man with prurigo‐type AD and asthma presented with serious, refractory itching. After nemolizumab injection, his pruritus was relieved for 2 days. However, on day 3, erythema with blisters and erosions suddenly appeared throughout his body. Pathological examination showed typical BP and the patient's serum anti‐BP180‐NC16a antibody level was 882.5 U/mL. Oral prednisolone (PSL) was initiated and nemolizumab was never used again. Despite high‐dose PSL, new blisters continued to develop, with a rapid elevation of anti‐BP180‐NC16a antibodies to 6930 U/mL. Adding high‐dose cyclosporine and intravenous gamma globulin reduced new blister formation after 9 weeks, and PSL and cyclosporine were gradually tapered. Dupilumab, an anti‐IL‐4 receptor antibody, was initiated after 16 weeks, resulting in continued remission without PSL and cyclosporine. The sudden occurrence of BP in this case suggested that the patient had occult BP before the nemolizumab initiation and that nemolizumab exacerbated BP and made it overt. Blocking the IL‐31 pathway may exacerbate inflammation in AD or BP, resulting in the acceleration of blister formation. This may be countered by blocking the IL‐4/13 pathway with dupilumab. To our knowledge, this is the first case of nemolizumab‐exacerbated BP.
Between‐ versus within‐species variation in plant–soil feedback relates to different functional traits, but exudate variability is involved at both scales
Authors: Yacine Youssef , Kuťáková Eliška , in ‘t Zandt Dina , Hadincová Věroslava , Semerád Jaroslav , Cajthaml Tomáš , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Plant–soil feedback—feedback from plant‐induced changes in soil properties to plant fitness—is increasingly shown to drive the maintenance of local plant diversity at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. A robust understanding of the relationships between plant–soil feedback and functional plant traits, which would improve our ability to generalize plant–soil feedback results beyond specific study systems, is, however, still lacking. This is especially true at the intraspecific plant level.

We assessed the relationship between plant–soil feedback and several functional traits in 13 co‐occurring grassland species, including 20 genotypes of the dominant grass, Festuca rubra. The traits encompassed various aspects of growth, root properties and root exudate variability. Combining these traits into principal gradients of functional trait variation, we also tested the potential for the conservation and collaboration gradients to explain variation in PSF.

Between‐species plant–soil feedback variation was explained by differences in biomass production and exudate composition, as well as contrasting strategies along the collaboration gradient. Within‐species plant–soil feedback variation—that is between Festuca rubra genotypes—was associated with exudate variability, especially contrasting amounts of exuded phenols. Several traits had a significant effect on plant–soil feedback only via their interaction with exudate composition.

Overall, PSF was associated with different traits at between‐species versus within‐species levels. Root exudate variability was, however, involved at both diversity levels. Our results put forth the role of root exudation patterns as an important driver of variation in plant–soil feedback. Better integration between research on plant–soil feedback and on root exudation would therefore improve our understanding of the processes—both ecological and evolutionary—supporting the maintenance of plant diversity within grassland communities.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Disentangling the relative contributions of factors determining seed physical defence: A global‐scale data synthesis
Authors: Wu La‐Mei , Chen Si‐Chong , Quan Rui‐Chang , Wang Bo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Physical defence investment in seeds varies greatly among plant species and is associated with many potential factors. Exploring the factors explaining the interspecific variation in physical defence has long attracted particular attention in both ecology and evolution studies. However, the relative importance of the factors has not yet been quantitatively evaluated, which may lead to the misunderstanding of the main driver generating such interspecific variation.

Here, by compiling a global database of the seed coat ratio (SCR), a proxy of seed physical defence, for 1362 species, we provided the first quantification of the relative explanations of six factors that have been commonly considered to be associated with the interspecific variation in SCR: seed mass, seed desiccation response (desiccation‐sensitive vs. desiccation‐tolerant), seed dormancy (nondormant, physical dormant or other dormant types), growth form (herbaceous vs. woody), fruit type (dry vs. fleshy) and climate (19 bioclimatic variables representing temperature and precipitation). Using partial R2 calculation that can estimate the reduction in explained variance of a given factor after removing it from a full model containing all the other factors, we disentangled the relative contribution of each factor to explain variation in the SCR.

Seed desiccation response was the most important factor associating with SCR variation, followed by seed dormancy, with a partial R2lik value of 9.70% and 1.41%, respectively. Plant growth form, seed mass, climate and fruit type showed little power to explain SCR variation, although they are often cited in the literature as potential factors.

Our results highlight the important roles of seed desiccation response in shaping interspecific variation in the SCR. These findings provide a detailed interpretation of ecological patterns underlying the physical defence mechanisms and allocation strategies of plant seeds.

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Proposing a new history of grief’s medicalisation: A critical discourse analysis
Authors: Smith D. Grace 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConceptualisations of grief have transformed significantly in recent decades, from an experience accepted and expressed in community spaces to a diagnosable clinical phenomenon. Narratives of this transformation tend to focus on grief’s relationship to major depression, or on recent nosological changes. This paper examines the possibility of a new narrative for medicalisation by grounding in the networks of language and power created around ‘grief’ through a critical discourse analysis of psy‐discipline articles (n = 70) published between 1975 and 1995. Focusing on shifts in definitions of, methods used to approach, and rationales motivating study of the experience, it posits that the psy‐disciplines exerted exclusive expertise over grief decades before its creation as a diagnosis. By reconceptualising grief in the terms of psy‐specific symptoms and functional performance and by approaching it with the decontextualising and interventionist methods of an increasingly scientific psy‐discipline, the psy‐community medicalised grief between 1975 and 1995. Identifying neoliberal and other cultural influences shaping this process of medical construction and reconsidering narratives of grief’s history mindful of the powers exerted in medicalisation, this paper establishes that these moments played a critical role in the development of the present’s grief.
Changes in attitudes to childbirth in modern times illustrated over three generations in Iraq
Authors: Junaid Fatima , Bradbury Ailsa , Alhaidari Taghreed , Kubba Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe changes in attitudes and expectations of labor over the previous six decades, comparing the Iraqi generation who labored at home without medical assistance with their descendants.Study DesignWe used semi‐structured telephone interviews with 22 women across three generations of one extended family living and giving birth in Iraq between the 1950s and the 2010s. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using open, axial, and selective coding.ResultsEach generation experienced a paradigm shift in childbirth, from exclusive home births to hospital‐directed maternity care, to a trend that favors planned cesarean birth, driven by generation‐specific changes in outlook. Emerging themes included social influences, changing technology, and medical professionals' recommendations; all of these affected attitudes toward childbirth and pregnancy. There were generational disconnects in perceptions concerning the reasons childbirth has changed over the past 60 years, with the youngest generation citing wider pressures regarding body image and marital relationships as two of the factors affecting preferences in childbirth options.ConclusionsSocietal changes and availability of healthcare services affect women's choices and experiences of childbirth. To be successful, efforts to improve women's experiences in labor, as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes, must consider these wider sociocultural issues.