bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New species and new combinations in Brazilian Vernonieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Dematteis Massimiliano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVernonia gertii Dematteis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Serra da Bodoquena in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The new species is characterized by the presence of large lanceolate leaf blades, attenuate at the base, and heads with pedicellate and aristate phyllaries, all of which clearly separate it from other South American members of Vernonieae. Vernonia gertii presents a superficial resemblance to V. eriolepis Gardn., which also shows aristate phyllaries and is distributed in Mato Grosso do Sul. However, V. eriolepis has sessile heads, ferrugineous pubescence and ovate­lanceolate leaves that are shortly attenuate at the base. In addition, a new combination in the endemic genus Mattfeldanthus H. Rob. & R. M. King (M. andrade­limae) is also proposed.
Nomenclature of the endemic monoecious fig trees (Moraceae: Ficus L.) of New Caledonia and Vanuatu (Pacific Ocean)
Authors: Ungricht Stefan , Rasplus Jean-Yves , Kjellberg Finn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn annotated list is presented of the effectively published names of the monoecious Ficus taxa endemic to the Southwest Pacific islands of New Caledonia and Vanuatu, along with the types of the 62 that are validly published as of 1 January 2003. Twenty­one lectotypes and one epitype are designated in order to fix the application of names at the ranks of species and variety.
Reproductive biology of Deeringothamnus rugelii and D. pulchellus (Annonaceae)
Authors: Norman Eliane M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe genus Deeringothamnus (Annonaceae) comprises two species, D. pulchellus Small and D. rugelii (B. L. Rob.) Small; both are endemic to Florida, and federally listed as endangered. Field observations and experiments in central Florida determined their phenology, pollination, breeding system and germination. The species are protogynous, although there is an overlap of female and male stages in both. They are similar in floral morphology but differ in color and scent. They differ from Asimina in their small flowers with subequal petals and low number of stamens (16‐34) with elongated connectives. They are both spring‐flowering shrubs, but anthesis begins four to five weeks earlier in D. pulchellus. Fire or other disturbances enhances flowering dramatically. Pollinators are few and infrequent and may include flies, tumbling beetles, and thrips. Hand‐pollination (self) resulted in 4.4% fruit set vs. 19.5‐23.5% in hand‐pollination (cross) and 1.6‐1.8 % in open‐pollinated flowers of D. rugelii. Open‐pollinated flowers of D. pulchellus yielded 1.2% fruit set and 11.4% when they were hand‐pollinated (cross). Over a six‐year period, 80.5% of open‐pollinated seeds of D. rugelii germinated and survived, vs. 42.6% in hand cross‐pollinated and 34.8 % in hand self‐pollinated. Two instances of natural intergeneric hybrids are described: A. pygmaea × D. rugelii and A. reticulata × D. pulchellus.
Aryl Calcium Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Chemical Behavior
Authors: Westerhausen Matthias , Gärtner Martin , Fischer Reinald , Langer Jens 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOrganocalcium chemistry is still in its infancy. The direct synthesis of activated calcium and (substituted) iodobenzenes allows for the large‐scale and high‐yield synthesis of aryl calcium iodides. The influence of the substitution patterns of the phenyl group, halogen atom, and solvent is discussed. Aryl calcium iodides show a Schlenk equilibrium that enables the isolation of diaryl calcium derivatives. Owing to the high reactivity of aryl calcium halides, low temperatures have to be maintained throughout the preparative procedures in order to avoid side reactions. A decrease of reactivity and, hence, an enhanced stability at higher temperatures can be achieved by shielding of the calcium atom by increasing the coordination number of the metal center or by substitution of the iodide anion by bulky groups.
Solvothermal synthesis of TiO2: anatase nanocrystals and rutile nanofibres from TiCl4 in acetone
Authors: Wu Yu , Liu Hong‐Mei , Xu Bo‐Qing 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis work reports a new synthetic approach for single‐phase TiO2 nanomaterials by solvothermal treatment of titanium tetrachloride in acetone at 80–110 °C. Small, uniform, and yet size‐tunable (5–10 nm) anatase titania nanocrystallites were obtained using a low concentration of TiCl4 in acetone (i.e., at molar ratios of TiCl4/acetone ≤ 1:15) in the temperature range of 80–110 °C, while rutile nanofibers were synthesized using a high concentration of TiCl4 (e.g., TiCl4/acetone = 1:10) at 110 °C. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methotrexate as an alternative therapy for chronic calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Chollet‐Janin Amélie , Finckh Axel , Dudler Jean , Guerne Pierre‐André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX), which works not only as an immunosuppressant, but also as a potent antiinflammatory agent, as an alternative therapeutic option for patients with severe calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) who fail to respond to standard therapy with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or glucocorticoids.MethodsWe analyzed, in 2 university hospitals in Switzerland, consecutive patients with CPDD that was resistant to classic treatment and were subsequently treated with MTX. Before and after initiation of MTX therapy, we quantified the frequency of pseudogout attacks, pain intensity, the number of swollen and tender joints, and inflammatory biomarkers. Clinical and biologic side effects of MTX and patients satisfaction with MTX treatment were also evaluated.ResultsThe study included 5 patients treated with low dosages of MTX (5–20 mg/week). The mean followup time with MTX was 50.4 months (range 6–81 months). All patients reported an excellent clinical response, with marked improvement within a mean period of 7.4 weeks. A significant decrease in pain intensity (P < 0.0001), swollen and tender joint counts (P < 0.0001), and frequency of attacks was observed. The biomarkers of inflammation decreased markedly when systematically analyzed (3 patients). No significant side effects were reported.ConclusionThis study suggests that MTX could be a valuable therapeutic option for severe CPDD that is refractory to conventional therapy.
Ranking of Simultaneously Presented Choice Options in Animal Preference Experiments
Authors: Halekoh Ulrich , Jørgensen Erik , Bak Jensen Margit , Juul Pedersen Lene , Studnitz Merete , Højsgaard Søren 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe considered experiments where animals chose one of all possible simultaneously presented options. The animals might be observed at repeated occasions.In the ethological literature the analysis is often focused on testing the global hypothesis of no difference in preferences by non‐parametric methods. This fails to address the estimation of a ranking. Often this approach cannot adequately reflect the experimental setting and the repeated measurement structure.Therefore, we propose to model the choice probabilities for the options with a multinomial logistic model. The correlation induced by repeated measurements is incorporated by animal specific random intercepts. The ranking of the options is taken as the order of the choice probabilities. Adopting a Bayesian approach samples from the posterior distribution of the choice probabilities provide directly samples from the posterior of the rankings. Based on this an estimate of the ranking and description of its variability can be derived. The computation was performed via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and was implemented using WinBUGS.We illustrate our approach with an experiment to determine the preference of pigs for three different rooting materials. The proposed method allowed deriving an overall ranking for different combinations of the materials and the spatial positioning. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective loss of extracellular matrix proteins is linked to biophysical properties of varicose veins assessed by ultrasonography
Authors: Jeanneret C , Baldi T , Hailemariam S , Koella C , Gewaltig J , Biedermann B C 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Dilatation and enhanced distensibility are specific biophysical properties of varicose veins. Both can be assessed by ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to analyse correlations between the vein wall protein content and these two biophysical properties of varicose veins.

Methods
Twenty-seven patients having surgery for varicose veins and six control patients with normal veins undergoing arterial bypass surgery were examined clinically and with ultrasonography the day before surgery. Fifty-two varicose and six control vein rings were harvested and analysed histopathologically and morphometrically; vascular tissue microarrays incorporated 116 vein wall sectors.

Results
Elastin loss in the adventitia (P = 0·010) and reduction of type III collagen in the intima and media (P = 0·004) were observed in varicose veins. Elastin loss correlated negatively with vein diameter at rest (P = 0·005), whereas loss of type III collagen in the intima correlated negatively with the increase in vein diameter at the Valsalva manoeuvre (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Loss of elastin and type III collagen occurs in varicose veins and can be assessed with ultrasonography in vivo by measuring vein diameter and distensibility.
Disseminated tuberculosis with multiple intracerebral tuberculomas in a patient with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ahn Jung Yong , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Keun Su , Kim Won Joo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:Multiple tuberculous mycobacterial infections infrequently occur in immunocompromised patients. The malnutrition resulted from anorexia nervosa may contribute to the significant impairment of immunity. The authors present a 23‐year‐old female patient initially diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.Method:Immunological study revealed that helper T‐cell (CD4) and cytotoxic T‐cell (CD8) comprised 25 and 32%, respectively, with a CD4 to CD8 ratio of 0.78. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed various multiple rings enhancing lesions with edematous change in both cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres.Results:Open biopsy disclosed palisading epithelioid granuloma surrounded by inflamed granulation tissue. After anti‐tuberculous therapy for 12 months, her weight was completely restored, but multiple intracranial tuberculomas were not completely disappeared.Conclusion:Disseminated tuberculous mycobacterial infections including multiple intracranial tuberculomas may be attributed to immunocompromised status in anorexia nervosa. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of Cytochrome P450st‐DDAB Films on a Plastic‐Formed Carbon Electrode
Authors: Wiwatchaiwong Supranee , Matsumura Hirotoshi , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Yohda Masafumi , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the characterization of thermophilic cytochrome P450 (P450st)‐didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) films by using UV‐vis absorption, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The observed Raman spectrum indicated near‐native conformation of the heme iron in DDAB film on the surface of a glass slide, while on the surface of a plastic‐formed carbon (PFC) electrode, the conformation of P450st‐DDAB was very similar to that of heme‐DDAB film, suggesting the release of heme from P450st in DDAB films on PFC electrodes. When NaBr was added as salt to the casting solution, the result of Raman spectrum indicated near‐native conformation of P450st in DDAB film even on the PFC electrode, but no redox potential of P450st which has near native structure was observed. This study suggests the essential experimental conditions when working with heme protein‐DDAB films as, in some cases, heme iron from proteins is released on the surface of the electrode.
Flexible Ultrathin PolyDVB/EVB Composite Membranes for the Optimization of a Lactate Sensor
Authors: Bridge Kerry , Davis Frank , Collyer Stuart D. , Higson Séamus P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn ultrathin composite membrane has been developed as the outer covering barrier in a model amperometric lactate oxidase enzyme electrode. The membrane was formed by cathodic electropolymerization of divinylbenzene/ethylvinylbenzene at the surface of a gold coated polyester support membrane. Permeability coefficients were determined for O2 and lactate across membranes with a range of polymer thicknesses. Anionic interferents (such as ascorbate) were screened from the working electrode by the composite membrane. The composite enzyme electrode showed an increased working concentration range and extended linearity of responses in comparison to an uncoated enzyme electrode.
Impact of root architecture on the erosion‐reducing potential of roots during concentrated flow
Authors: Baets S. De , Poesen J. , Knapen A. , Galindo P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany studies focus on the effects of vegetation cover on water erosion rates, whereas little attention has been paid to the effects of the below ground biomass. Recent research indicates that roots can reduce concentrated flow erosion rates significantly. In order to predict this root effect more accurately, this experimental study aims at gaining more insight into the importance of root architecture, soil and flow characteristics to the erosion‐reducing potential of roots during concentrated flow. Treatments were (1) bare, (2) grass (representing a fine‐branched root system), (3) carrots (representing a tap root system) and (4) carrots and fine‐branched weeds (representing both tap and fine‐branched roots). The soil types tested were a sandy loam and a silt loam. For each treatment, root density, root length density and mean root diameter (D) were assessed. Relative soil detachment rates and mean bottom flow shear stress were calculated. The results indicate that tap roots reduce the erosion rates to a lesser extent compared with fine‐branched roots. Different relationships linking relative soil detachment rate with root density could be established for different root diameter classes. Carrots with very fine roots (D < 5 mm) show a similar negative exponential relationship between root density and relative soil detachment rate to grass roots. With increasing root diameter (5 < D < 15 mm) the erosion‐reducing effect of carrot type roots becomes less pronounced. Additionally, an equation estimating the erosion‐reducing potential of root systems containing both tap roots and fine‐branched roots could be established. Moreover, the erosion‐reducing potential of grass roots is less pronounced for a sandy loam soil compared with a silt loam soil and a larger erosion‐reducing potential for both grass and carrot roots was found for initially wet soils. For carrots grown on a sandy loam soil, the erosion‐reducing effect of roots decreases with increasing flow shear stress. For grasses, grown on both soil types, no significant differences could be found according to flow shear stress. The erosion‐reducing effect of roots during concentrated flow is much more pronounced than suggested in previous studies dealing with interrill and rill erosion. Root density and root diameter explain the observed erosion rates during concentrated flow well for the different soil types tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cav1.2, Cav1.3, and Cav2.1 in the mouse hippocampus during and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus
Authors: Xu Jie Hua , Long Li , Tang Yong Cheng , Hu Hai Tao , Tang Feng Ru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCalcium binding proteins are well known to be expressed by different groups of hippocampal interneurons; however, whether voltage‐dependent calcium channels (Cav) are also localized in these neurons, changed during and after status epilepticus (SE), and involved in epileptic activity have not been reported. In the present study, we showed the colocalization of three subtypes of voltage‐gated calcium channels (Cav1.2, Cav1.3, or Cav2.1) with different calcium binding proteins such as calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR), and parvalbumin (PV). At early stages during and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (PISE), significant changes of expression of Cav1.2, Cav1.3 (L‐type), and Cav2.1 (P/Q‐type) were found in different groups of hippocampal neurons. Induced expression of Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 in reactive astrocytes was shown at 1 week and 2 months after PISE. At the latter time point, higher percentages of colocalization of PV and Cav1.2, CB, or PV and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1, lower percentages of CR and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 immunoposivie neurons were observed in gliotic CA1 area. We therefore conclude that voltage‐gated calcium channels are expressed by different groups of hippocampal interneurons in the mouse. At acute stages during and after PISE, up‐ or down‐regulation of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, or Cav2.1 in functionally different groups of interneurons in CA1 area may be related to the changes of their plasticity. Up‐regulation of Cav1.2, Cav1.3, or Cav2.1 in granule cells may be directly related to the occurrence of SE. The induced expression of Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 in reactive astrocytes at 1 week and 2 months after PISE suggests that Cav1.3 or Cav2.1‐related calcium signaling in reactive astrocytes may be involved in initiation, maintenance or spread of seizure activity. In gliotic CA1 area at chronic stage (i.e., 2 months after PISE), the occurrence of higher percentages of colocalization of PV and Cav1.2, CB, or PV and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1, lower percentages of CR and Cav1.3 or Cav2.1 immunopositive neurons may suggest that such colocalizations may be linked to the survival or loss of particular group of hippocampal neurons. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of fused airborne scanning laser altimetry and digital map data for urban flood modelling
Authors: Mason David C. , Horritt Matthew S. , Hunter Neil M. , Bates Paul D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFlood modelling of urban areas is still at an early stage, partly because until recently topographic data of sufficiently high resolution and accuracy have been lacking in urban areas. However, digital surface models (DSMs) generated from airborne scanning laser altimetry (LiDAR) having sub‐metre spatial resolution have now become available, and these are able to represent the complexities of urban topography. This paper describes the development of a LiDAR post‐processor for urban flood modelling based on the fusion of LiDAR and digital map data. The map data are used in conjunction with LiDAR data to identify different object types in urban areas, though pattern recognition techniques are also employed. Post‐processing produces a digital terrain model (DTM) for use as model bathymetry, and also a friction parameter map for use in estimating spatially distributed friction coefficients. In vegetated areas, friction is estimated from LiDAR‐derived vegetation height, and (unlike most vegetation removal software) the method copes with short vegetation less than ∼1 m high, which may occupy a substantial fraction of even an urban floodplain. The DTM and friction parameter map may also be used to help to generate an unstructured mesh of a vegetated urban floodplain for use by a two‐dimensional finite element model. The mesh is decomposed to reflect floodplain features having different frictional properties to their surroundings, including urban features (such as buildings and roads) and taller vegetation features (such as trees and hedges). This allows a more accurate estimation of local friction. The method produces a substantial node density due to the small dimensions of many urban features. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of suspended sediment transport at field‐scale drain channels of irrigation‐dominated watersheds in the Sonoran Desert, southeastern California
Authors: Gao Peng , Pasternack Gregory 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuspended sediment is a major source of pollution in irrigation‐dominated watersheds. However, little is known about the process and mechanisms of suspended sediment transport in drain channels directly connected to agricultural fields. This paper explains sediment dynamics using averaged 5 min flow discharge Q (m3 s−1) and suspended sediment concentration C (mg l−1) collected during one crop season in a small catchment containing a first‐order drain channel and its connected six agricultural fields within the Salton Sea watershed. The statistical properties and average trends of Q and C were investigated for both early (i.e. November) and late (i.e. January) stages of a crop season. Further in‐depth analysis on sediment dynamics was performed by selecting two typical single‐field irrigation events and two multiple‐field irrigation events. For each set of irrigation events, the process of suspended sediment transport was revealed by examining hydrograph and sediment graph responses. The mechanisms underlying suspended sediment transport were investigated by analysing the types of corresponding hysteresis loop. Finally, sediment rating curves for both hourly and daily data at early and late stages and for the entire crop season were established to seek possible sediment‐transport predictive model(s). The study suggests that the complicated processes of suspended sediment transport in irrigation‐dominated watersheds require stochastic rather than deterministic forecasting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Children's performance on the ‘give x’ task: a microgenetic analysis of ‘counting’ and ‘grabbing’ behaviour
Authors: Chetland Elizabeth , Fluck Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChildren's understanding of the cardinal significance of counting is often assessed by the ‘give x’ task, in which they are categorized as ‘counters’ or ‘grabbers’. Previous research indicates a sudden stage‐like shift, implying insight into a principle. Employing a microgenetic approach, the present study was designed to explore whether this dichotomy masks a more subtle pattern. Fifty‐five 39‐ to 58‐month‐olds received five ‘give x’ trials, involving 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 objects, within a single session counterbalanced across individuals, each child participating in two similar sessions one week apart. Children's spontaneous strategies were recorded. They also completed a simple verbal counting test. Participants seldom simply ‘grabbed’; even those who never counted gave items one‐by‐one. Some gave correct amounts by starting off counting then taking the remainder silently, suggesting internal counting. There was also evidence of children taking correctnon‐subitizable quantities without overtly counting. Individuals' strategy choice and the way they employed particular strategies varied, both within and between sessions. Furthermore, after achieving procedural mastery, children continued to refine their use of strategies. The results are discussed in relation to Karmiloff‐Smith's RR model and Siegler's overlapping waves model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.