bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the risk factors associated with Hepatitis B Virus infection in Somalia?
Authors: Mohamud Abdirahman Khalif , Inchon Pamornsri , Suwannaporn Sirinan , Prasert Kriengkrai , Dirie Najib Isse 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Method
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC’s HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model.
Result
A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1–12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61–16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38–9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17–12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24–9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03–11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46–77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66–17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07–7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts.
Conclusion
This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.
AI-Forecast: an innovative and practical tool for short-term water demand forecasting
Authors: Zanfei Ariele , Lombardi Andrea , De Luca Alberto , Menapace Andrea 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Water management is a major contemporary and future challenge. In an increasing water demand scenario related to climate change, a water distribution system must ensure equal access to water for all users. In this context, a reliable short-term water demand forecasting system is crucial for reliable water management. However, despite the abundance of studies in the scientific literature, few examples highlight complete tools for providing such models to real water utilities and water managers. This study presents AI-Forecast, an innovative tool developed to predict water demand with state-of-the-art models. Such tool is based on the data-driven logic, and it is designed to provide a complete data-driven chain that starts from the data and arrives to the short-term water demand prediction. AI-Forecast can import data, properly manage them, and assess tasks like outlier detection and missing data imputation. Eventually, it can implement state-of-the-art forecasting models and provide the forecasts. The prediction is shown through an intuitive web interface, which is designed to highlight the major information related to the prediction accuracy. Although this tool does not provide a new prediction algorithm, it proposes a complete data-driven chain that is practically designed to take such models in practice to real water utilities.
A comparative study of satellite altimetry-based and DEM-based methods for estimating lake water volume changes
Authors: Li Haotian , Chen Jun , Cao Liguo , Liu Wei , Duan Zheng 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This study compared two different methods, the satellite altimetry-based and DEM (digital elevation model)-based, for estimating lake water volume changes. We focused on 34 lakes in China as the testing sites to compare the two methods for lake water volume changes from 2005 to 2020. The satellite altimetry-based method used water levels provided by the DAHITI (Database for Hydrological Time Series of Inland Waters) data and surface areas derived from Landsat imagery. The DEM-based method used the SRTM DEM data in combination with Landsat-derived lake extents. Our results showed a high degree of consistency in lake water volume changes estimated between the two methods (R2 &gt; 0.90), but each method has its limitations. In terms of temporal coverage, the satellite altimetry-based method with the DAHITI data is limited by missing water level data in certain periods. The performance of the DEM-based method in extracting lake shore boundaries in regions with flat terrains (slope &lt;1.5°) is not satisfactory. The DEM-based method has complete regional applicability (100%) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) Lake Region, yet its effectiveness drops significantly in the Xinjiang and Eastern China Plain Lake Regions, with applicability rates of 50 and 40%, respectively.
Investigating Bacopa monnieri L. Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases
Authors: Srivastava Pratima , Yadav Dhananjay , Singh Santosh Kumar , Kim Sung Hae , Singh Shivendra , Katiyar Shweta , Song Minseok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
The popular perennial creeping plant known as Bacopa monnieri(also known as Brahmi) is being
utilized in the Indian Ayurvedic medicine practice. It has a variety of bioactive phytoconstituents that have
been used therapeutically to treat a number of serious illnesses. Ancient Vedic scholars used this herb because
of its pharmacological effects, particularly as a nerve booster and nootropic supporter. However, it is vital to
comprehend the active phytochemical components of Bacopa monnieri extract (BME) and their molecular
mechanisms in order to better grasp the effect of BME on neurological illnesses and diseases. Understanding
its active phytochemical constituents and their molecular processes is essential. Numerous clinical investigations indicated that BME may have neuroprotective benefits, so it is worthwhile to re-evaluate this well known plant. Here, we focused on neurological problems as we examined the pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics of BME. For their effective usage in neuroprotection and cognition, many clinical
concerns and the synergistic potential of Bacopa extract have been investigated. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition caused by the production of reactive oxygen species, which also causes amyloid-beta (Aβ)
and tau protein aggregation and increases neuro-inflammation and neurotoxicity. Our review offers a more indepth molecular understanding of the neuroprotective functions of BME, which can also be connected to its
therapeutic management of neurological illnesses and cognitive-improving effects.
The Chemistry of Aldehydes and Ketones in the Synthesis of Heterocycles - Historical
Reactions with a New and Green Perspective
Authors: da Silva Flavia Martins , Junior Joel Jones , Hernández Muñoz July A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
The reactivity of aldehydes and ketones carries great potential for multicomponent
heterocyclizations. These reactions are convergent and highly versatile in the development
of synthetic methodologies for compound families, displaying variations in substituents
in their structures. Therefore, they have been regarded as an important tool in the
field of Green Chemistry. Furthermore, they prove to be very useful in studies of biological
activity, where small structural modifications can result in significant differences. Many
heterocyclizations date back to the mid-19th and early 20th centuries. In this review, we aim
to demonstrate, through some of these reactions, their continuously growing potential and
improvements concerning synthetic development. Additionally, we present the original
studies as reported, enabling us to appreciate the evolution of chemical representations over
the years until reaching the standardization we have today.
Antiobesity Drug Discovery Research: In vitro Models for Shortening the
Drug Discovery Pipeline
Authors: Radheshyam  , Gauniya Priyanka , Semalty Mona , Semalty Ajay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Obesity is a growing global health problem, leading to various chronic diseases. Despite
standard treatment options, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, emphasizing the need
for new drugs. in vitro methods of drug discovery research provide a time and cost-saving platform
to identify new antiobesity drugs. The review covers various aspects of obesity and drug discovery
research using in vitro models. Besides discussing causes, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment,
the review focuses on the advantages and limitations of in vitro studies and exhaustively
covers models based on enzymes and cell lines from different animal species and humans. In contrast
to conventional in vivo animal investigations, in vitro preclinical tests using enzyme- and cell
line-based assays provide several advantages in development of antiobesity drugs. These methods
are quick, affordable, and provide high-throughput screening. They can also yield insightful information
about drug-target interactions, modes of action, and toxicity profiles. By shedding light on
the factors that lead to obesity, in vitro tests can also present a chance for personalized therapy.
Technology will continue to evolve, leading to the creation of more precise and trustworthy in
vitro assays, which will become more and more crucial in the search for novel antiobesity medications.
Herbal Nanoformulations for Diabetes: Mechanisms, Formulations, and Clinical Impact
Authors: Sunita  , Kaushik Rahul , Verma Krishan Kumar , Parveen Rehana 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus remains a global health challenge, demanding innovative
therapeutic strategies. Herbal remedies have garnered attention for their potential in diabetes
management, and recent advancements in nanotechnology have enabled the development
of herbal nanoformulations with enhanced efficacy and bioavailability.

Objective:
This review aimed to comprehensively analyze the mechanisms, formulations, and
clinical impact of herbal nanoformulations in managing diabetes mellitus.

Method:
A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies exploring the
mechanisms of action, various formulations, and clinical outcomes of herbal nanoformulations
in diabetes management.

Result:
Herbal nanoformulations exert their anti-diabetic effects through multiple mechanisms,
including enhanced bioavailability, improved tissue targeting, and potentiation of insulin signaling
pathways. Various herbal ingredients, such as bitter melon, fenugreek, and Gymnema sylvestre,
have been encapsulated into nanocarriers, like liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and
solid lipid nanoparticles, to enhance their therapeutic potential. Clinical studies have demonstrated
promising results, showing improvements in glycemic control, lipid profile, and antioxidant
status with minimal adverse effects.

Conclusion:
Herbal nanoformulations represent a promising avenue for the management of diabetes
mellitus, offering improved therapeutic outcomes compared to conventional herbal preparations.
Further research is warranted to optimize formulation strategies, elucidate long-term
safety profiles, and explore the potential synergistic effects of herbal nanoformulations in combination
therapies for diabetes management.
The Childbirth Experience: A Systematic Review on Prenatal and Intrapartum Supportive Interventions
Authors: Adjie Josef Maria Seno , Priscilla Janice , Safira Fahira Nada 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The incidence of challenging delivering experiences varies among societies
and is impacted by various factors. The primary goal of this review was to assess the effect of
supportive interventions pre- and during delivery on the likelihood of a positive childbirth experience.

Methods:
This study reviewed articles related to childbirth experience in international databases,
such as PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. A total of 1433 articles were found using the
PRISMA guideline. Review research emphasized the supporting interventions during labor and
women's subjective experience. Quality assessment was conducted using the modified Jadad scale.

Results:
Overall, fifteen studies passed the eligibility criteria. The effective approaches to develop a
favorable understanding of the whole birthing process encompassed the following supportive interventions:
yoga exercise during pregnancy, antenatal hypnosis program, continuous supportive care
during labor, family companion during labor, massage during labor, therapeutic touch program, acupressure
during labor, birth ball exercise during labor, warm showers during the first stage, and
dancing with music during the active phase of labor.

Conclusion:
Various supportive interventions related to childbirth may reduce pain and anxiety,
build confidence, encourage, and serve as valuable psychosocial interventions for childbirth. Becoming
a mother is not a frequent occurrence for all women, contributing to an overall experience
in childbirth. Our study recommends interventions, such as yoga exercises during pregnancy, an antenatal
hypnosis program, continuous supportive care during labor, a family companion during labor,
massage during labor, a therapeutic touch program, acupressure during labor, birth ball exercise
during labor, warm showers during the first stage, and dancing with music during the active
phase of labor.
Formulation of Letrozole-loaded Ethyl Cellulose and Eudragit S100 Nanoparticles by Nanoprecipitation Technique and Determination of Cytotoxic Activity by MTT Assay
Authors: Sailaja A. Krishna , Tabassum Aisha 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
The major goal of this work is to develop letrozole nanoparticles using
the polymer precipitation technique. Formulations were prepared by using Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit
S100 as polymers.

Methods:
By varying drug-polymer ratios, a total of ten formulations were prepared. By altering
the drug concentration to polymer, five formulations were prepared with Ethyl cellulose and five
with Eudragit S100. All ten formulations were evaluated for different characterization and evaluation
parameters such as Entrapment efficiency, Loading capacity and in vitro drug release studies,
particle size, stability (zeta potential), surface morphology, and drug-polymer interaction study.

Result:
In comparison, the NEC 2:1 formulation showed the smallest particle size,high stability,
good entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release. This formulation was further studied to determine
the anticancer activity in vitro in the MCF-7 Breast cancer cell line by MTT assay. The results
indicated that the prepared formulation exhibited anticancer activity with an IC50 value of
91.26 micromolar.

Conclusion:
Comparatively, Ethyl cellulose was proven to be a better polymer than Eudragit
S100, and the nanoprecipitation technique was considered the most suitable technique for preparing
letrozole nanoparticles.
Current Status and Influencing Factors of Social Support for Rural Early Childhood Teachers
Authors: Cao Yuping , Lydia Yoke Yean Foong  , Zhang Tingxiu , Li Jinyao , Zhang Chengjun 
Published: March 2024

The development of rural preschool education can not be separated from rural early childhood teachers. Research has indicated that social support is associated with better work performance of teachers. The social support scale was used to study the social support status of rural preschool teachers in Yunnan Province of China. The results show that the social support level of rural early childhood teachers is medium; the level of perceived social support is influenced by factors such as age, total monthly income, and educational level.
Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccination in a Troop of Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team Marines: Observational Study
Authors: Blazek E Susanne , Bucher Amy 
Published: March 2024

Background
In 2019, the World Health Organization declared the reluctance to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccination services as one of the top 10 threats to global health. In early 2021, self-reported reluctance to vaccinate among military personnel might have been considered a significant threat to national security. Having a choice architecture that made COVID-19 vaccination optional rather than required for military personnel could have inadvertently undermined military readiness if vaccination uptake did not reach an acceptable threshold.

Objective
The purpose of this observational study was to examine Marines’ self-reported reasons for planning to decline the COVID-19 vaccine to understand their barriers to vaccination.

Methods
As the vaccination became available to 1 company of Fleet Antiterrorism Security Team (FAST) Marines in early 2021, company command required those planning to decline vaccination to write an essay with up to 5 reasons for their choice. These essays provided the data for this study. Qualitative descriptive analysis with elements from grounded theory was used to thematically categorize FAST Marines’ written reasons for planning to decline the COVID-19 vaccine into a codebook describing 8 key behavioral determinants. Interrater agreement among 2 qualitatively trained researchers was very good (κ=0.81).

Results
A troop of 47 Marines provided 235 reasons why they planned to decline the COVID-19 vaccine. The most frequent reasons were difficulty understanding health information (105/235, 45%), low estimates of risk (33/235, 14%), and fear of physical discomfort (29/235, 12%). Resulting interventions directly targeted Marines’ self-reported reasons by reducing barriers (eg, normalized getting the vaccine), increasing vaccine benefits (eg, improved access to base gyms and recreational facilities), and increasing nonvaccine friction (eg, required in writing 5 reasons for declining the vaccine).

Conclusions
Understanding the barriers military personnel experience toward COVID-19 vaccination remains critical as vaccine acquisition and availability continue to protect military personnel. Insights from subpopulations like FAST Marines can enhance our ability to identify barriers and appropriate intervention techniques to influence COVID-19 vaccination behaviors.
Examining Parent Mood, Feeding Context, and Feeding Goals as Predictors of Feeding Practices Used by Parents of Preschool Children With Avid Eating Behavior: Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Edwards Katie , Croker Helen , Farrow Claire , Haycraft Emma , Herle Moritz , Llewellyn Clare , Pickard Abigail , Blissett Jacqueline 
Published: March 2024

Background
An avid eating behavior profile is characterized by a greater interest in food and a tendency to overeat in response to negative emotions. Parents use specific strategies to manage feeding interactions with children with avid eating behavior. While momentary and contextual factors, such as parental mood, have been found to influence parental feeding practices, there is a lack of research examining parents’ daily experiences of feeding children with avid eating behavior. Examining this is important because parental feeding practices are key levers in tailored interventions to support children’s healthy eating behavior.

Objective
We aim to describe the ecological momentary assessment methods and procedures used in the APPETItE (Appetite in Preschoolers: Producing Evidence for Tailoring Interventions Effectively) project, which aims to examine how variation in parental mood, feeding goals, and the context of eating occasions affect the parental feeding practices used to manage feeding interactions with children with an avid eating behavior profile.

Methods
Participants are primary caregivers from the APPETItE cohort who have a preschool-age child (aged 3-5 years) with an avid eating behavior profile. Caregivers complete a 10-day ecological momentary assessment period using signal- and event-contingent surveys to examine (1) mood and stress, (2) parental feeding goals, and (3) contextual factors as predictors of parental feeding practices.

Results
Recruitment and data collection began in October 2023 and is expected to be completed by spring 2024. The data have a 3-level structure: repeated measurements (level 1) nested within days (level 2) nested within an individual (level 3). Thus, lag-dependent models will be conducted to test the main hypotheses.

Conclusions
The findings from this study will provide an understanding of caregivers’ daily experiences of feeding preschool children with avid eating behavior, who are at greater risk for the development of obesity. Understanding the predictors of feeding practices at the moment they occur, and across various contexts, will inform the development of tailored resources to support caregivers in managing children’s avid eating behavior.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/55193
Thyroid Hyperplasia and Neoplasm Adverse Events Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Makunts Tigran , Joulfayan Haroutyun , Abagyan Ruben 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) are one of the most commonly used drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical guidelines recommend GLP-1 RAs as an adjunct to diabetes therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease, presence or risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and obesity. The weight loss observed in clinical trials has been explored further in healthy individuals, putting GLP-1 RAs on track to be the next weight loss treatment.

Objective
Although the adverse event profile is relatively safe, most GLP-1 RAs come with a labeled boxed warning for the risk of thyroid cancers, based on animal models and some postmarketing case reports in humans. Considering the increasing popularity of this drug class and its expansion into a new popular indication, a further review of the most recent postmarketing safety data was warranted to quantify thyroid hyperplasia and neoplasm instances.

Methods
GLP-1 RA patient reports from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database were analyzed using reporting odds ratios and 95% CIs.

Results
In this study, we analyzed over 18 million reports from the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System and provided evidence of significantly increased propensity for thyroid hyperplasias and neoplasms in patients taking GLP-1 RA monotherapy when compared to patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor monotherapy.

Conclusions
GLP-1 RAs, regardless of indication, are associated with an over 10-fold increase in thyroid neoplasm and hyperplasia adverse event reporting when compared to SGLT-2 inhibitors.