bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study of the relationship of family support and coping with adjustment: Implications for college students with a chronic illness
Authors: Wodka Ericka L. , Barakat Lamia P. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTTo examine the role of family support and coping in the adjustment of adolescents with chronic illness (CI) transitioning into college, college freshmen and sophomores (Nchronic illness=32, Nprimarily negative life event=53, Nprimarily positive life event=16) were administered standard measures. CI group reported more anxiety and a trend towards more depression than the primarily positive life events group (PLE). Coping strategy (active and passive) was positively associated with anxiety in CI group, whereas, family support was negatively associated with depression and anxiety in the primarily negative life events group (NLE), and passive coping was positively associated with depression in PLE. Development of adaptive coping should be the focus of programs aimed at supporting students with CI as they transition to college.
Predicting change over time in career planning and career exploration for high school students
Authors: Creed Peter A , Patton Wendy , Prideaux Lee‐Ann 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThis study assessed 166 high school students in Grade 8 and again in Grade 10. Four models were tested: (a) whether the T1 predictor variables (career knowledge, indecision, decision‐making selfefficacy, self‐esteem, demographics) predicted the outcome variable (career planning/exploration) at T1; (b) whether the T1 predictor variables predicted the outcome variable at T2; (c) whether the T1 predictor variables predicted change in the outcome variable from T1−T2; and (d) whether changes in the predictor variables from T1−T2 predicted change in the outcome variable from T1−T2. Strong associations (R2=34%) were identified for the T1 analysis (confidence, ability and paid work experience were positively associated with career planning/exploration). T1 variables were less useful predictors of career planning/exploration at T2 (R2=9%; having more confidence at T1 was associated with more career planning/exploration at T2) and change in career planning/exploration from T1−T2 (R2=11%; less confidence and no work experience were associated with change in career planning/exploration from T1−T2). When testing effect of changes in predictor variables predicting changes in outcome variable (R2=22%), three important predictors, indecision, work experience and confidence, were identified. Overall, results indicated important roles for self‐efficacy and early work experiences in current and future career planning/exploration of high school students.
Mechano‐chemical signaling in F9 cells
Authors: Klemm Anna H. , Suchodolski Klaudiusz , Goldmann Wolfgang H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe investigated the molecular mechanism by which cells recognize and respond to physical forces in their local environment. Using a model system, to study wild type mouse F9 embryonic carcinoma cells, we examined how these cells sense mechanical stresses and translate them into biochemical responses through their cell surface receptor integrin and via the focal adhesion complex (FAC). Based on studies that show that many signal transducing molecules are immobilized on the cytoskeleton at the site of integrin binding within the focal adhesion complex, we found a time‐dependent increase of focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) phosphorylation possibly due to protein kinase C (PKC) activation as well as protein kinase A (PKA) activity increase upon cell adhesion/spreading. These studies provide some insight into intracellular mechano‐chemical signaling.
Familial occurrence of isolated non‐compaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lorsheyd Anouk , Cramer Maarten‐Jan M. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , Vonken Evert‐Jan P. , van der Smagt Jasper , van Tintelen Peter , Hauer Richard N.W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground and aimsIsolated left ventricular non‐compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) may have an autosomal dominant or X‐linked recessive inheritance. We focus on the familial occurrence of LVNC after misdiagnosing this disorder in symptomatic patients in two families. After identification of the index patient we studied the families more intensively in order to unmask affected family members.Methods and resultsLVNC was defined as an end‐systolic non‐compacted subendocardial layer of the left ventricular wall of at least twice the thickness of the subepicardial compacted layer (2D echocardiogram and MRI). This was studied in 13 patients in 2 families (A and B). LVNC was found in 3 out of 11 patients in family A. The grandmother was asymptomatic. Her daughter suffered from recurrent syncope and heart failure. Her daughter received a cardiac transplant because of progressive heart failure at the age of 14 years. In family B, LVNC was found in 2 patients, a father and his son and presumed in a brother and a sister of the father who died suddenly at the age of 17 and 21 years, respectively.ConclusionsIn all symptomatic patients, proven LVNC was previously misdiagnosed as hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Misdiagnosis may lead to insufficient treatment and will misdirect targeted molecular genetic analysis. LVNC was identified in seven patients in two families. Family screening may unmask affected family members for primary prevention including anti‐coagulation and ICD‐therapy.
Detection of multiple H3receptor affinity states utilizing [3H]A‐349821, a novel, selective, non‐imidazole histamine H3receptor inverse agonist radioligand
Authors: Witte David G , Yao Betty Bei , Miller Thomas R , Carr Tracy L , Cassar Steven , Sharma Rahul , Faghih Ramin , Surber Bruce W , Esbenshade Timothy A , Hancock Arthur A , Krueger Kathleen M 
Published: May 2006

A‐349821 is a selective histamine H3receptor antagonist/inverse agonist. Herein, binding of the novel non‐imidazole H3receptor radioligand [3H]A‐349821 to membranes expressing native or recombinant H3receptors from rat or human sources was characterized and compared with the binding of the agonist [3H]N‐α‐methylhistamine ([3H]NαMH).[3H]A‐349821 bound with high affinity and specificity to an apparent single class of saturable sites and recognized human H3receptors with 10‐fold higher affinity compared to rat H3receptors. [3H]A‐349821 detected larger populations of receptors compared to [3H]NαMH.Displacement of [3H]A‐349821 binding by H3receptor antagonists/inverse agonists was monophasic, suggesting recognition of a single binding site, while that of H3receptor agonists was biphasic, suggesting recognition of both high‐ and low‐affinity H3receptor sites.pKivalues of high‐affinity binding sites for H3receptor competitors utilizing [3H]A‐349821 were highly correlated with pKivalues obtained with [3H]NαMH, consistent with labelling of H3receptors by [3H]A‐349821.Unlike assays utilizing [3H]NαMH, addition of GDP had no effect on saturation parameters measured with [3H]A‐349821, while displacement of [3H]A‐349821 binding by the H3receptor agonist histamine was sensitive to GDP.In conclusion, [3H]A‐349821 labels interconvertible high‐ and low‐affinity states of the H3receptor, and displays improved selectivity over imidazole‐containing H3receptor antagonist radioligands. [3H]A‐349821 competition studies showed significant differences in the proportions and potencies of high‐ and low‐affinity sites across species, providing new information about the fundamental pharmacological nature of H3receptors.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)148, 657–670. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706752
Insensitivity of cardiac delayed‐rectifier IKr to tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors and stimulators
Authors: Missan Sergey , Zhabyeyev Pavel , Linsdell Paul , McDonald Terence F 
Published: May 2006

The rapidly activating delayed‐rectifying K+ current (IKr) in heart cells is an important determinant of repolarisation, and decreases in its density are implicated in acquired and inherited long QT syndromes. The objective of the present study on IKr in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes was to evaluate whether the current is acutely regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
Myocytes configured for ruptured‐patch or perforated‐patch voltage‐clamp were depolarised with 200‐ms steps to 0 mV for measurement of IKr tail amplitude on repolarisations to −40 mV.
IKr in both ruptured‐patch and perforated‐patch myocytes was only moderately (14–20%) decreased by 100 μM concentrations of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors tyrphostin A23, tyrphostin A25, and genistein. However, similar‐sized decreases were induced by PTK‐inactive analogues tyrphostin A1 and daidzein, suggesting that they were unrelated to inhibition of PTK.
Ruptured‐patch and perforated‐patch myocytes were also treated with promoters of tyrosine phosphorylation, including phosphotyrosyl phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor orthovanadate, exogenous c‐Src PTK, and four receptor PTK activators (insulin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, epidermal growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor). None of these treatments had a significant effect on the amplitude of IKr.
We conclude that Kr channels in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes are unlikely to be regulated by PTK and PTP.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 724–731. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706776
Peptides modified by myristoylation activate eNOS in endothelial cells through Akt phosphorylation
Authors: Krotova Karina , Hu Hanbo , Xia Shen‐Ling , Belayev Leonid , Patel Jawaharlal M , Block Edward R , Zharikov Sergey 
Published: May 2006

Myristoylated pseudosubstrate of PKCζ(mPS) – a synthetic myristoylated peptide with a sequence (13 amino acids) mimicking the endogenous PKCζpseudosubstrate region – is considered a selective cell‐permeable inhibitor of PKCζ. We present strong evidence that in endothelial cells the action of mPS is not limited to inhibition of PKC activity and that myristoylation of certain peptides can activate eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) through Akt phosphorylation.mPS at micromolar concentrations (1–10 μM) induced profound phosphorylation of eNOS, Akt, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). The same changes were observed after treatment of PAEC with a myristoylated scrambled version of mPS (mScr), whereas a cell‐permeable version of PKCζpseudosubstrate fused to the HIV‐TAT membrane‐translocating peptide did not induce analogous changes, suggesting that myristoylation confers new properties on the peptides consisting of activation of different signaling pathways in endothelial cells.In addition to mPS and mScr, a number of other myristoylated peptides induced phosphorylation of eNOS suggesting that myristoylation of peptides can activate eNOS by mechanisms unrelated to inhibition of PKC. All active myristoylated peptides contained basic amino acids motif and were longer than six amino acids.Activation of eNOS by myristoylated peptides was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway and the rise of intracellular calcium and was associated with an elevation of cGMP levels in PAEC and with relaxation of precontracted isolated pulmonary artery segments.Myristoylated peptides can be considered a new class of activators of NO production in endothelial cells and that using mPS as a specific inhibitor of PKCζshould be done with caution, especially in endothelial cells.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)148, 732–740. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706777
Modulation of P‐glycoprotein activity by cannabinoid molecules in HK‐2 renal cells
Authors: Nieri Paola , Romiti Nadia , Adinolfi Barbara , Chicca Andrea , Massarelli Ilaria , Chieli Elisabetta 
Published: May 2006

Endogenous and synthetic cannabinoid molecules have been investigated as possible MDR‐1/P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) modulators in HK‐2‐immortalized renal cells, using calcein acetoxymethylester (calcein‐AM) as a P‐gp substrate.
Among the endocannabinoid molecules tested, anandamide (AEA), but not 2‐arachidonoyl‐glycerol (2‐AG) or palmitoyl‐ethanolamide (PEA), increased the intracellular fluorescence emitted by calcein, a metabolic derivative of the P‐gp substrate calcein‐AM, indicative of a reduction in transport capacity.
All the three synthetic cannabimimetics tested, that is, R‐(+)‐methanandamide (R(+)‐MET), AM 251 and CP55,940 significantly increased calcein accumulation in the cytosol.
RT–PCR demonstrated that HK‐2 cells do not express CB1 or CB2 cannabinoid receptors.
R(+)‐MET, AM251 and CP55,940 were also evaluated as modulators of P‐gp expression, by Western blot analysis. Only AM251 weakly enhanced the protein levels (by 1.2‐fold) after a 4‐day‐long incubation with the noncytotoxic drug concentration 2 μM.
The present data provide the first evidence that the endocannabinoid AEA and different synthetic cannabinoids may inhibit the P‐gp activity in vitro via a cannabinoid receptor‐independent mechanism.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 682–687. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706778
Role of reactive oxygen species and gp91phox in endothelial dysfunction of pulmonary arteries induced by chronic hypoxia
Authors: Fresquet Fleur , Pourageaud Fabrice , Leblais Véronique , Brandes Ralf P , Savineau Jean‐Pierre , Marthan Roger , Muller Bernard 
Published: May 2006

This study investigates the role of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on endothelial function of pulmonary arteries in a mice model of hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension.
In pulmonary arteries from control mice, the NO‐synthase inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) potentiated contraction to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and completely abolished relaxation to acetylcholine. In extrapulmonary but not intrapulmonary arteries, acetylcholine‐induced relaxation was slightly inhibited by polyethyleneglycol‐superoxide dismutase (PEG‐SOD) or catalase.
In pulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice, ROS levels (evaluated using dihydroethidium staining) were higher than in controls. In these arteries, relaxation to acetylcholine (but not to sodium nitroprusside) was markedly diminished. L‐NAME abolished relaxation to acetylcholine, but failed to potentiate PGF2α‐induced contraction. PEG‐SOD or catalase blunted residual relaxation to acetylcholine in extrapulmonary arteries, but did not modify it in intrapulmonary arteries. Hydrogen peroxide elicited comparable (L‐NAME‐insensitive) relaxations in extra‐ and intrapulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice.
Exposure of gp91phox–/– mice to chronic hypoxia also decreased the relaxant effect of acetylcholine in extrapulmonary arteries. However, in intrapulmonary arteries from hypoxic gp91phox–/– mice, the effect of acetylcholine was similar to that obtained in mice not exposed to hypoxia.
Chronic hypoxia increases ROS levels and impairs endothelial NO‐dependent relaxation in mice pulmonary arteries. Mechanisms underlying hypoxia‐induced endothelial dysfunction differ along pulmonary arterial bed. In extrapulmonary arteries from hypoxic mice, endothelium‐dependent relaxation appears to be mediated by ROS, in a gp91phox‐independent manner. In intrapulmonary arteries, endothelial dysfunction depends on gp91phox, the latter being rather the trigger than the mediator of impaired endothelial NO‐dependent relaxation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 714–723. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706779
The levosimendan metabolite OR‐1896 elicits vasodilation by activating the KATPand BKCachannels in rat isolated arterioles
Authors: Erdei Nóra , Papp Zoltán , Pollesello Piero , Édes István , Bagi Zsolt 
Published: May 2006

We characterized the vasoactive effects of OR‐1896, the long‐lived metabolite of the inodilator levosimendan, in coronary and skeletal muscle microvessels.The effect of OR‐1896 on isolated, pressurized (80 mmHg) rat coronary and gracilis muscle arteriole (∼150 μm) diameters was investigated by videomicroscopy.OR‐1896 elicited concentration‐dependent (1 nM–10 μM) dilations in coronary (maximal dilation: 66±6%, relative to that in Ca2+‐free solutions; pD2: 7.16±0.42) and gracilis muscle arterioles (maximal dilation: 73±4%; pD2: 6.71±0.42), these dilations proving comparable to those induced by levosimendan (1 nM–10 μM) in coronary (maximal dilation: 83±6%; pD2: 7.06±0.14) and gracilis muscle arterioles (maximal dilation: 73±12%; pD2: 7.05±0.1).The maximal dilations in response to OR‐1896 were significantly (P<0.05) attenuated by the nonselective K+channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (1 mM) in coronary (to 34±9%) and gracilis muscle arterioles (to 28±6%).Glibenclamide (5 or 10 μM), a selective ATP‐sensitive K+channel (KATP) blocker, elicited a greater reduction of OR‐1896‐induced dilations in skeletal muscle arterioles than in coronary microvessels.Conversely, the selective inhibition of the large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+channels (BKCa) with iberiotoxin (100 nM) significantly reduced the OR‐1896‐induced maximal dilation in coronary arterioles (to 21±6%), but was ineffective in skeletal muscle arterioles (72±8%).Accordingly, OR‐1896 elicits a substantial vasodilation in coronary and skeletal muscle arterioles, by activating primarily BKCaand KATPchannels, respectively, and it is suggested that OR‐1896 contributes to the long‐term hemodynamic effects of levosimendan.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)148, 696–702. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706781
Tobacco Industry Smoking Prevention Advertisements' Impact on Youth Motivation for Smoking in the Future
Authors: Donovan Robert J. , Jalleh Geoffrey , Carter Owen B. J. 
Published: May 2006

The objective of this study was to assess the impact on young people of three tobacco industry (TI) advertisements previously screened on MTV Europe and in cinemas in Australia. The three ads were exposed to 14–18-year-old smokers and non-smokers using commercial advertising copy-testing techniques. The primary dependent variable for both smokers and non-smokers was the advertisement's ability to increase feelings of not wanting to smoke in the future, and, for smokers, the extent to which the ad made current smokers think they should try to stop smoking. The results for the TI ads were compared with copy testing data for youth-targeted Western Australian tobacco control (TC) ads. The TI ads performed as well or better than some TC ads, but not as well as other TC ads suggesting that attacks on the tobacco industry for airing smoking prevention ads cannot always use these ads' ineffectiveness as an argument for their removal. However, these tobacco industry ads may increase positive (or lessen negative) attitudes toward the tobacco industry, which could further the industry's aims of increased support or less criticism from community groups. It may be that this is the more important reason for advocates to call for such ads to be withdrawn.
Effects of fire on bird diversity and abundance in an East African savanna
Authors: O'Reilly Lindsay , Ogada Darcy , Palmer Todd M. , Keesing Felicia 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFire is an important determinant of many aspects of savanna ecosystem structure and function. However, relatively little is known about the effects of fire on faunal biodiversity in savannas. We conducted a short‐term study to examine the effects of a replicated experimental burn on bird diversity and abundance in savanna habitat of central Kenya. Twenty‐two months after the burn, Shannon diversity of birds was 32% higher on plots that had been burned compared with paired control plots. We observed no significant effects of burning on total bird abundance or species richness. Several families of birds were found only on plots that had been burned; one species, the rattling cisticola (Cisticola chiniana), was found only on unburned plots. Shrub canopy area was negatively correlated with bird diversity on each plot, and highly correlated with grass height and the abundance of orthopterans. Our results suggest that the highest landscape‐level bird diversity might be obtained through a mosaic of burned and unburned patches. This is also most likely to approximate the historical state of bird diversity in this habitat, because patchy fires have been an important natural disturbance in tropical ecosystems for millennia.
Monitoring the health of selected eastern arc forests in Tanzania
Authors: Madoffe Seif , Hertel Gerard D. , Rodgers Paul , O'Connell Barbra , Killenga Raymond 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe eastern arc mountains (EAMs) are a chain of isolated mountains (534,000 ha) in Kenya and Tanzania surrounded by arid woodlands and influenced by the Indian Ocean. In 1900 there was three times the amount of forest cover there is today. Much of the original forests have been converted into agricultural crops. These mountains are recognized as a globally important ‘hot spot’ by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and World Conservation of Union (IUCN) for forest biodiversity and are major national, regional and local sources of hydropower, water and wide array of forest‐based benefits and agricultural production. In February 2000 we began a 3‐year evaluation of forest health, land‐use change and information sharing in the EAMs. Permanent sample plots were used to evaluate forest health. This paper summarizes the baseline data from eighteen permanent sample plots in the east Usambara's and nine in Ulugurus. The eastern arc web site (http://www.easternarc.org) was established, continues to expand and contains some detailed information on the project. Information gathered will assist land managers, planners, policy makers, interested communities (villages) and individuals in decision‐making. These data can also provide an early warning system of stresses on forest catchments.
Seedling establishment ofAcacia tortilisandHyphaene compressain the Turkwel riverine forest, Kenya
Authors: Stave Jørn , Oba Gufu , Nordal Inger , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis study reports on the spatial and temporal patterns of seedling establishment in the Turkwel riverine forest, Kenya. Seedlings of the dominant tree speciesAcacia tortilisandHyphaene compressawere mapped and monitored to assess the underlying causes of seedling recruitment and mortality. The broad‐scale distribution ofA. tortiliswas not correlated with any environmental variables, whileH. compressaseedlings were confined to flood‐exposed sites in the arid downstream section of the floodplain. One year of monitoring showed that seedling recruitment ofA. tortiliswas evoked by prolonged rainfall, while seedling mortality was caused by desiccation, browsing and trampling. In contrast, seedling recruitment and mortality ofH. compressawas largely unaffected by rainfall and livestock, probably due to the high moisture requirements of seeds and the tolerance of seedlings to disturbance. There were no effects of soils, light, or seedling density on the establishment ofA. tortilisandH. compressaseedlings. This study demonstrates the importance of parallel mapping and monitoring of riverine seedlings in order to understand patterns and processes of forest regeneration in arid and semi‐arid floodplains.