bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Collord Michaela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter briefly outlines the main argument of the book, which offers a political economy explanation of variation in authoritarian party and legislative strength. It further details the book’s core contribution to a broader literature on authoritarian and African politics. It then presents the book’s methods case comparison, focused on Tanzania and Uganda with reference to Rwanda and Kenya as shadow cases. Finally, it lays out how the book engages with alternative arguments. Regarding the book’s main claim, the analysis distils how the socio-economic foundations of a regime affect access to material sources of power in ways that, in turn, impact the institutional landscape. It focuses, first, on divergent patterns of wealth accumulation, which are themselves rooted in contrasting trajectories of state-led capitalist development. It then considers the institutional consequences.
Characterizing redundancy in pharmacy residency research projects
Authors: Yeager Lauren S , Behal Michael , Flannery Alexander H , Ali Dina , Livingston Jordan , Woodward Blake , Cook Aaron M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Each year, roughly 5,000 residents conduct research on clinical and practice-based topics to meet the requirements of the ASHP residency standards related to research and project management. Several investigators have evaluated residency research project publication rates, but redundancy among projects has not been evaluated. The primary objective of this study was to determine the rate of redundancy among pharmacy residency research projects.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort analysis of abstracts accepted to various regional pharmacy residency conferences from 2017 through 2020. Each abstract was placed in a pharmacy domain by therapeutic area. The categorized data for each year were then further evaluated to identify clinical categories for the year. Topics were labeled as redundant if at least 10 projects fell into the same focus area within a clinical category. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the incidence of redundancy each year.

Results
A total of 4,027 abstracts were included. The most common pharmacy domains were infectious disease, internal medicine, and benefit of pharmacy services. Overall, 8.2% projects (332 of 4,027) were categorized as redundant. The most common focus areas were rapid diagnostics, opioid reduction protocols, and vancomycin area-under-the-curve vs trough monitoring.

Conclusion
Pharmacy residency research projects encompassed topics across a wide range of pharmacotherapy areas. Approximately 1 in 12 projects was redundant. This is likely because the project addressed a “hot topic” in practice and may represent an opportunity for institutions to collaborate to optimize project efficiency and impact.
Plasma Biomarker Profiles for Premature and Nonpremature Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Dugani Sagar B , Moorthy M Vinayaga , Demler Olga V , Li Chunying , Ridker Paul M , Glynn Robert J , Mora Samia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Premature coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death in women. We aimed to characterize biomarker profiles of women who developed CHD before and after age 65 years.

Methods
In the Women’s Health Study (median follow-up 21.5 years), women were grouped by age and timing of incident CHD: baseline age &lt;65 years with premature CHD by age 65 years (25 042 women; 447 events) and baseline age ≥65 years with nonpremature CHD (2982 women; 351 events). Associations of 44 baseline plasma biomarkers measured using standard assays and a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-metabolomics assay were analyzed using Cox models adjusted for clinical risk factors.

Results
Twelve biomarkers showed associations only with premature CHD and included lipoprotein(a), which was associated with premature CHD [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per SD: 1.29 (95% CI 1.17–1.42)] but not with nonpremature CHD [1.09(0.98–1.22)](Pinteraction = 0.02). NMR-measured lipoprotein insulin resistance was associated with the highest risk of premature CHD [1.92 (1.52–2.42)] but was not associated with nonpremature CHD (Pinteraction &lt;0.001). Eleven biomarkers showed stronger associations with premature vs nonpremature CHD, including apolipoprotein B. Nine NMR biomarkers showed no association with premature or nonpremature CHD, whereas 12 biomarkers showed similar significant associations with premature and nonpremature CHD, respectively, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [1.30(1.20–1.45) and 1.22(1.10–1.35)] and C-reactive protein [1.34(1.19–1.50) and 1.25(1.08–1.44)].

Conclusions
In women, a profile of 12 biomarkers was selectively associated with premature CHD, driven by lipoprotein(a) and insulin-resistant atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia. This has implications for the development of biomarker panels to screen for premature CHD.
A multi-perspective view on visibility in EU design law
Authors: Brancusi Lavinia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In EU design law, the parameter of visibility must multitask. This article aims to discuss its meaning and legal consequences against the current and amended legal provisions for designs. As the legal notion of a design is the ‘appearance of a product’, visibility has been woven into design features’ requirement of perceptibility to the eye. Visibility also aids in the identification of the object of protection for a registered design through the registration documentation and, analogically, the identification of an unregistered design through proofs of disclosure. By this token, design features visibly displayed by the representation/disclosure of a design determine the comparison between the overall impression of a design and another design/product for the purposes of invalidity or enforcement. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has also recently framed visibility in the perspective of evidentiary issues of technical functionality. Visibility represents a prerequisite for the assessment of novelty and/or individual character of a design of a component part of a complex product. This article looks into the CJEU’s guidance concerning the protection of parts of products, including the interpretation of the criterion of visibility during normal use that applies to component parts.
Species composition of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the Ridge and Valley region of Tennessee, USA
Authors: Doub Emily E , Vigil Stacey L , Thompson Alec T , Korns Avery L , Yabsley Michael J , Ruder Mark G , Cleveland Christopher A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Biting midges in the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are known to transmit many pathogens of veterinary and medical concern. Although much work has been done globally and in certain regions of North America, Culicoides spp. research in rural Appalachia is limited. To begin characterizing the distribution and community structure of Culicoides spp. in Appalachia, we surveyed 2 distinct sites in the Ridge and Valley ecoregion of northeastern Tennessee, USA, from April 2021–September 2021. Culicoides spp. were sampled using 2 methods: Centers for Disease Control ultraviolet LED light traps and potential larval habitat substrate collection (coupled with water chemistry values). Site 1 was dominated by natural features, and Site 2 was a beef cattle operation. During 96 trap nights, a total of 1,568 Culicoides were collected, representing 24 species. Site 1 yielded the highest diversity, with 24 species, while Site 2 yielded 12 species. Overall, the most abundant species in light traps were C. stellifer Coquillett (44%), C. bergi Cochrane (18%), C. haematopotus Malloch (12%), and C. debilipalpis Lutz (11%). From substrate sampling, 8 species were identified. Culicoides haematopotus was the most abundant and was collected during each sampling period. Water chemistry values taken at the time of substrate collection were not significantly related to which Culicoides spp. emerged from a given substrate. Our results indicate a diverse community of Culicoides spp. in our study area, however, further work is needed to identify Culicoides species composition across a variety of landscapes in Appalachia and inform research on vector presence and associated vector disease dynamics.
Video-assisted thoracic surgery for an endobronchial ancient schwannoma obstructing the left main bronchus
Authors: Kang Jiyeon , Kim Yeon Soo , Kim Ji-Ye 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A schwannoma is a tumor that arises from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves. Primary pulmonary schwannomas are extremely rare, although they can occur anywhere in the body. Symptoms of endobronchial schwannoma vary depending upon the extent of bronchi blockage by the tumor. Schwannoma is a benign tumor. However, there is a risk of recurrence if a lesion that has developed extraluminal growth is incompletely resected. Here, a 76-year-old female patient presented with dyspnea and cough. An endobronchial tumor was identified originating from the left lower lobe bronchus and had collapsed the left lower lobe and grown to block most of the left main bronchus. Video-assisted thoracic surgery was performed to resect the left lower lobe. The tumor was diagnosed as an ancient schwannoma.
Estimation of a Population Total Under Nonresponse Using Follow-up
Authors: Stefan Marius , Hidiroglou Michael A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we propose methods to minimize bias due to unit nonresponse. We consider a two-phase sampling design where the second phase is a probability subsample of nonrespondents from the first phase. In this context, we propose three weighting procedures to estimate the total when not all units in the subsample respond. The weighting is based on the response homogeneity group (RHG) model. Given the RHG model, theoretical results on bias and variance estimation are obtained for all estimators. In a simulation study, we evaluate the empirical properties of the three estimators as well as of estimators based on two commonly used procedures to handle unit nonresponse in single-phase sampling design. These two procedures include: (i) nonresponse calibration weighting, also known as the one-step approach, and (ii) nonresponse probability weighting followed by calibration, also known as the two-step approach. Our results indicate that when there is significant deviation from the assumed RHG model, the nonresponse follow-up estimators perform better in terms of bias and coverage.
Text Message-Based Cessation Intervention for People Who Smoked or Used Smokeless Tobacco in India: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nadkarni Abhijit , Gaikwad Leena , Sequeira Miriam , D’souza Joseline , Lopes Megan , Haldankar Rajanish , Murthy Pratima , Velleman Richard , Bhatia Urvita , Naughton Felix 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the high burden of tobacco use in India, users do not have access to adequate help. This pilot trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a text messaging intervention for tobacco cessation, generate preliminary estimates of its impact, and fine-tune procedures for a definitive trial.

Aims and Methods
Parallel two-arm single blind individually randomized controlled pilot trial with nested qualitative study. Participants included adult current tobacco users (smoked and smokeless). Eligible and consenting participants were randomized to receive either (1) text messaging intervention (ToQuit) which covered specific content areas such as psychoeducation about consequences of tobacco use and benefits of quitting and tobacco avoidance strategies or (2) information about tobacco cessation helplines such as the helpline number and the languages in which tobacco cessation support was available (control). Feasibility data included screening and consent rates, treatment dropouts, and outcome ascertainment. The primary abstinence outcome was self-reported abstinence from tobacco in the past seven days at 3 months post-randomization. In-depth interviews were conducted with a subsample of participants primarily to collect acceptability data. The primary abstinence analysis used a chi-squared test and logistic regression (complete case), and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Ninety-eight participants were randomized into the two trial arms; 77 (79%) completed outcome evaluation. No between-arm differences in abstinence were found though findings favored the intervention (7-day abstinence: ToQuit 23%, control 19%; adjusted odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval 0.38, 3.97). Participants appreciated the language, comprehensibility, and relevance of the messages; and reported overall satisfaction with and positive impact from the intervention on their lives.

Conclusions
The findings indicate the acceptability and feasibility of ToQuit and if found effective, it could be a potentially scalable first-line response to tobacco use in low-resource settings.

Implications
Our pilot randomized control trial provides sufficient findings supporting the acceptability and feasibility of an intervention for tobacco cessation which is suitable for a context which has a shortage of healthcare workers and for individuals who use smoked or smokeless tobacco. This is critical on a background of limited contextually relevant interventions for a problem with a high burden in low- and middle-income countries such as India.
The Moment of Patient Safety: Iatrogenic Injury, Clinical Error and Cultures of Healthcare in the NHS
Authors: Sirrs Christopher 
Published: March 2024

Summary
This article explores the ‘the moment of patient safety’—the period around 2000 when patient safety became a key policy concern of the British National Health Service (NHS), and other healthcare systems. While harm caused by medical care (iatrogenic injury) had long been acknowledged by clinicians and scientists, from 2000 a new systemic language of patient safety emerged in the NHS that promoted novel managerial and regulatory approaches to patient harm. This language reflected the state’s increasing role in regulating healthcare, as well as the erosion of medical autonomy and the rise of new forms of bureaucratic management. Acknowledging a transnational, intellectual context behind the rise of policy interest in patient safety—for example, the application of insights from the industrial safety sciences—this article examines the role played by domestic cultural factors, such as medical negligence litigation and healthcare scandals, in helping to define the new language in Britain.
The effect of ectomycorrhizal fungal exposure on nursery-raised Pinus sylvestris seedlings: plant transpiration under short-term drought, root morphology and plant biomass
Authors: De Quesada Gonzalo , Xu Jie , Salmon Yann , Lintunen Anna , Poque Sylvain , Himanen Kristiina , Heinonsalo Jussi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Drought is a major environmental stressor that limits seedling growth. Several studies have found that some ectomycorrhizal fungi may increase the drought tolerance of nursery-raised seedlings. However, the precise role that different ectomycorrhizal fungi species play in drought tolerance remains unclear. We evaluated the transpiration rate of Pinus sylvestris seedlings under drought stress in greenhouse conditions by exposing seedlings to 10 ectomycorrhizal fungi species, with different functional traits (exploration type and hydrophobicity), and to 3 natural soil inoculums. We measured the transpiration and water potential of the seedlings during a 10-day drought period and a 14-day recovery period. We then analyzed their root morphology, stem, needle, root biomass and needle chlorophyll fluorescence. We showed that exposing seedlings to ectomycorrhizal fungi or soil inoculum had a positive effect on their transpiration rate during the driest period and through the recovery phase, leading to 2- to 3-fold higher transpiration rates compared with the nonexposed control seedlings. Seedlings exposed to medium-distance ectomycorrhizal fungi performed better than other exploration types under drought conditions, but ectomycorrhizal fungi hydrophobicity did not seem to affect the seedlings response to drought. No significant differences were observed in biomass accumulation and root morphology between the seedlings exposed to different ectomycorrhizal fungi species and the control. Our results highlight the positive and species-specific effect of ectomycorrhizal fungi exposure on drought tolerance in nursery-raised Scots pine seedlings. The studied ectomycorrhizal fungi functional traits may not be sufficient to predict the seedling response to drought stress, thus physiological studies across multiple species are needed to draw the correct conclusion. Our findings have potential practical implications for enhancing seedling drought tolerance in nursery plant production.
Peptide derived from RAGE efficiently improves oocyte development through attenuating oxidative stress in oocytes of mice with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hou Xiaojing , Ling Zhonghui , Guo Yaping , Su Yan , Wang Hanbin , Li Hang , Lu Yuxia , Chen Xiaojiao , Ji Chenbo , Shen Rong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder in reproductive‐aged women that frequently leads to infertility due to poor oocyte quality. In this study, we identified a new active peptide (advanced glycation end products receptors RAGE344‐355) from PCOS follicular fluid using mass spectrometry. We found that supplementing PCOS‐like mouse oocytes with RAGE344‐355 attenuated both meiotic defects and oxidative stress levels, ultimately preventing developmental defects. Additionally, our results suggest that RAGE344‐355 may interact with eEF1a1 to mitigate oxidative meiotic defects in PCOS‐like mouse oocytes. These findings highlight the potential for further clinical development of RAGE344‐355 as a potent supplement and therapeutic option for women with PCOS. This research addresses an important clinical problem and offers promising opportunities for improving oocyte quality in PCOS patients.
LetibotulinumtoxinA Attenuates the Psychological Burden of Glabellar Lines and Is Associated With High Subject Satisfaction in Phase 3 Clinical Trials
Authors: Cox Sue Ellen , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Cohen Joel L. , Gold Michael , Joseph John , Nestor Mark S. , Rzany Berthold , Taylor Susan , Zhou Jihao , Cecerle Michael , Pueraro Elena , Irvine Ryan , Dayan Steven 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND
Hyperfunctional glabellar frown lines can transmit facial miscues that adversely affect emotional communication, increase perceptions of age, and diminish self-esteem.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of letibotulinumtoxinA in mitigating the negative psychological impact associated with moderate to severe glabellar lines and to assess subject satisfaction with treatment outcome in the BLESS phase 3 clinical trials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Baseline and posttreatment assessments were made using validated subject-administered instruments: Modified Skindex-16 Glabellar Line Quality of Life (GL-QoL) Scale, Facial Assessment and Cosmetic Evaluation Questionnaire (FACE-Q) Appraisal of Lines Between Eyebrows Scale, FACE-Q Age Appraisal Visual Analog Scale, and FACE-Q Satisfaction with Outcome Scale. An integrated analysis using pooled BLESS data was conducted on these secondary end points.

RESULTS
Among enrolled and treated subjects (N = 1,272), 85.5% had moderate to severe psychological impact at baseline. LetibotulinumtoxinA subjects experienced significant improvements compared with placebo on all measures. Mean improvement to Week 4 for the Modified Skindex-16 GL-QoL Scale overall score was −33.84 for letibotulinumtoxinA subjects compared with −1.37 for placebo subjects (p < .001). Attenuation of psychological burden was highly correlated with improvement in glabellar line severity (p < .0001).

CONCLUSION
LetibotulinumtoxinA significantly improved the psychosocial burden associated with glabellar lines across all trials. Treated subjects experienced improved quality of life, younger perceived age, and satisfaction with treatment outcome.
Systematic review of neurokinin-3 receptor antagonists for the management of vasomotor symptoms of menopause
Authors: Cieri-Hutcherson Nicole E. , Marji Elaine K. , Hutcherson Timothy C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Importance
Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) affect many postmenopausal persons and impact sleep and quality of life.

Objective
This systematic review examines the literature describing the safety and efficacy of neurokinin-3 receptor antagonists approved and in development for postmenopausal persons with VMS.

Evidence Review
A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts was conducted using the search terms and permutations of neurokinin-3 receptor antagonist, elinzanetant, fezolinetant, and osanetant. Inclusion criteria of reporting on efficacy or safety of fezolinetant, elinzanetant, or osanetant; studies in participants identifying as female; full record in English; and primary literature were applied. Abstract-only records were excluded. Extracted data were synthesized to allow comparison of reported study characteristics, efficacy outcomes, and safety events. Eligible records were evaluated for risk of bias via the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomized studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used. This study was neither funded nor registered.

Findings
The search returned 191 records; 186 were screened after deduplication. Inclusion criteria were met by six randomized controlled trials (RCT), four reported on fezolinetant, and two reported on elinzanetant. One record was a post hoc analysis of a fezolinetant RCT. An additional study was identified outside the database search. Three fezolinetant RCT demonstrated a reduction in VMS frequency/severity, improvement in Menopause-Specific Quality of Life scores, and improvement in sleep quality at weeks 4 and 12 compared with placebo without serious adverse events. The two RCT on elinzanetant also showed improvements in VMS frequency and severity. All eight records evaluated safety through treatment-emergent adverse events; the most common adverse events were COVID-19, headache, somnolence, and gastrointestinal. Each record evaluated had a low risk of bias. There is a strong certainty of evidence as per the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.

Conclusions and Relevance
Because of the high-quality evidence supporting the efficacy of fezolinetant and elinzanetant, these agents may be an effective option with mild adverse events for women seeking nonhormone treatment of VMS.