bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and predictors of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy: a multicenter hospital-based study
Authors: Kim Jean Hee , Kim Taewon , Kim Woojun , Kim Seong-Hoon , Hong Yun Jeong , Lim Eunyae , Bae Dae Woong , Noh Sang-Mi , Lee Jieun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the incidence and likelihood of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy (AAE), comparing rates among the classes of antibiotics in monotherapy or in combination therapy. We also investigated the associations between the incidence of AAE and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and electroencephalogram features. Consecutive admissions that used any kind of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases were identified from six hospitals. We classified antibiotics according to three distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical subtypes. We searched for the incidence of AAE as the primary outcome. A total of 97,433 admission cases among 56,038 patients was identified. Cases that received type 1 antibiotics had significantly more frequent AAE compared to those that received type 2 antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–5.95; P = 0.021). Combined use of type 1 + 2 antibiotics was associated with a significantly higher incidence of AAE compared to the use of type 2 antibiotics alone (adjusted OR, 3.44; 95% CI 1.49–7.93; P = 0.004). Groups with GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had significantly higher incidence rates of AAE compared to those with GFRs ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 among cases that received type 1 + 2 antibiotics. Detection of spike-and-wave or sharp-and-wave patterns on electroencephalogram was significantly more common in the combination therapy group. Combination use of antibiotics was associated with a higher incidence of AAE compared to monotherapy. The incidence of AAE significantly increased as renal function decreased, and epileptiform discharges were more likely to be detected in cases receiving combined antibiotics.
Synthesis of goldene comprising single-atom layer gold
Authors: Kashiwaya Shun , Shi Yuchen , Lu Jun , Sangiovanni Davide G. , Greczynski Grzegorz , Magnuson Martin , Andersson Mike , Rosen Johanna , Hultman Lars 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of monolayer gold has so far been limited to free-standing several-atoms-thick layers, or monolayers confined on or inside templates. Here we report the exfoliation of single-atom-thick gold achieved through wet-chemically etching away Ti3C2 from nanolaminated Ti3AuC2, initially formed by substituting Si in Ti3SiC2 with Au. Ti3SiC2 is a renown MAX phase, where M is a transition metal, A is a group A element, and X is C or N. Our developed synthetic route is by a facile, scalable and hydrofluoric acid-free method. The two-dimensional layers are termed goldene. Goldene layers with roughly 9% lattice contraction compared to bulk gold are observed by electron microscopy. While ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that two-dimensional goldene is inherently stable, experiments show some curling and agglomeration, which can be mitigated by surfactants. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals an Au 4f binding energy increase of 0.88 eV. Prospects for preparing goldene from other non-van der Waals Au-intercalated phases, including developing etching schemes, are presented.
End-to-end simulations of exoplanet detection with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings
Authors: Fagginger Auer F. J. , Keller C. U. 
Published: April 2024

Context.Direct imaging of exoplanets greatly enhances our ability to spectroscopically detect molecules in their atmospheres, but requires both excellent angular and spectral resolution. A highly promising approach uses multiplexed transmission gratings to achieve compressed sensing, but the published theoretical calculations are not realistic enough to determine whether the approach is feasible.Aims.We aim to determine the performance of recovering exoplanet signals of an instrument with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings in a full, detailed numerical simulation, specifically examining any effects caused by multiplexing several gratings.Methods.Our end-to-end simulation includes realistic stellar and planetary spectra, a closed-loop adaptive optics simulation, and rigorous coupled wave analysis to model the multiplexed gratings. We chose 20 passbands around expected methane absorption features that were optically combined using 20 gratings.Results.We find that exoplanet signals can be recovered down to contrasts of 10−6−10−7, without the addition of a coronagraph. Multiplexing a larger number of gratings improves the deepest recovered contrast, if photon noise is the dominant noise source. When residuals from our simple post-processing approach are the largest noise source, a larger number of multiplexed gratings decreases the performance, due to the stacking of the PSFs at different wavelengths. This is an artifact of our data reduction approach.Conclusions.We conclude that multiplexed Bragg gratings are a viable method to look for exoplanets with a compressed sensing approach, and additional gains may be made in post-processing.
Novel physiological analysis using blood flow velocity for colonic polyps: Pilot study
Authors: Kamba Eiji , Murakami Takashi , Tsugawa Naoki , Nomura Kei , Haga Keiichi , Akazawa Yoichi , Fukushima Hirofumi , Ueyama Hiroya , Matsumoto Kenshi , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Terai Takeshi , Yao Takashi , Nagahara Akihito 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReal-time visualization of red blood cell flow inside subepithelial microvessels is performed with magnifying endoscopy. However, microvascular blood flow velocity in the colorectum has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the blood flow velocity of microvessels of colonic polyps and to compare it with that of surrounding mucosa. We examined 50 lesions, including 30 adenomas (ADs) and 20 hyperplastic polyps (HPs). Blood flow velocities of lesions and their surrounding mucosa were evaluated using magnifying blue laser imaging (BLI) prior to endoscopic resection. Calculation of mean blood flow velocities was based on mean movement distance of one tagged red blood cell using split video images of magnifying BLI. Mean microvascular blood flow velocity was significantly lower in ADs (1.65±0.66 mm/sec; range 0.46–2.90) than in HPs (2.83±1.10 mm/sec; 1.07–4.50) or the surrounding mucosa (3.73±1.11 mm/sec; 1.80–6.20; P <0.001). The blood flow velocity rate compared with the surrounding mucosa was significantly lower in ADs (0.41±0.16; 0.10–0.82) than in HPs (0.89±0.25; 0.46–1.51; P <0.001). We found that mean microvascular blood flow velocity was significantly lower in ADs than in HPs and the surrounding non-neoplastic mucosa. These findings indicate that a novel dynamic approach with microvascular blood flow velocity using magnifying endoscopy may be useful in assessing physiological differences between ADs and HPs.
Disease Burden, Clinical Outcomes, and Quality of Life in People with Hemophilia A without Inhibitors in Europe: Analyses from CHESS II/CHESS PAEDs
Authors: Chowdary Pratima , Ofori-Asenso Richard , Nissen Francis , Grazzi Enrico F. , Aizenas Martynas , Moreno Katya , Burke Tom , Nolan Beatrice , O'Hara Jamie , Khair Kate 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Limited data relating to treatment burden, quality of life, and mental health burden of hemophilia A (HA) are currently available.
Aim To provide a comprehensive overview of unmet needs in people with HA (PwHA) using data generated from the Cost of Haemophilia in Europe: a Socioeconomic Survey-II (CHESS II) and CHESS in the pediatric population (CHESS PAEDs) studies.
Methods CHESS II and CHESS PAEDs are cross-sectional surveys of European males with HA or hemophilia B (HB) aged ≥18 and ≤17 years, respectively. Participants with FVIII inhibitors, mild HA, or HB were excluded from this analysis, plus those aged 18 to 19 years. Annualized bleeding rates (ABRs), target joints, and other patient-reported outcomes were evaluated.
Results Overall, 468 and 691 PwHA with available data for the outcomes of interest were stratified by hemophilia severity and treatment regimen in CHESS II and CHESS PAEDs, respectively. In these studies, 173 (37.0%) and 468 (67.7%) participants received FVIII prophylaxis, respectively; no participants received the FVIII mimetic emicizumab or gene therapy. ABRs of 2.38 to 4.88 were reported across disease severity and treatment subgroups in both studies. Target joints were present in 35.7 and 16.6% of participants in CHESS II and CHESS PAEDS; 43.8 and 23.0% had problem joints. Chronic pain was reported by a large proportion of PwHA (73.9% in CHESS II; 58.8% in CHESS PAEDs). Participants also reported low EQ-5D scores (compared with people without HA), anxiety, depression, and negative impacts on their lifestyles due to HA.
Conclusions These analyses suggest significant physical, social, and mental burdens of HA, irrespective of disease severity. Optimization of prophylactic treatment could help reduce the burden of HA on patients.
Examining the discursive construction of Chinese grassroots cybernationalism
Authors: Gu Jiapei , Boukala Salomi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in Chinese grassroots nationalism. Based on the public discussion on Weibo, the
largest social media platform in China, this study investigated the cybernationalism (re)produced during the People’s Republic of
China’s release of the Regulations on the Administration of Permanent Residence of Foreigners in early 2020.
Deploying a synergy of thematic analysis and the discourse-historical approach (Reisigl and
Wodak 2005, 2016), especially its argumentative perspectives, it examined
the articulation of bottom-up cybernationalism and how this nationalism, boosted by the party-state, turns against the party-state
when it fails to uphold its own nationalistic rhetorics, thereby influencing the government’s immigration policymaking. The
results revealed that the discursive construction of a dichotomy between “derogatory foreigners” and “dignified Chinese” prevents
the implementation of the regulation; the foregrounded anti-Black sentiment reflects a (re)appreciation of the global hierarchy of
race in China based on orientalistic views; the discursive representations of humiliated history vitally motivates
nationalism.
Intonation of polar questions in German-dominant heritage speakers of Italian
Authors: Krieger Svenja , Geiss Miriam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In heritage language (HL) research, prosodic aspects of heritage speakers (HSs) speech have only recently started
to receive attention and the results have been mixed. While some studies report cross-linguistic influence (CLI) for HL
intonation, others consider it robust. The present study contributes to this debate and examines the intonational patterns of
polar questions (PolQs) in the two languages of 30 HSs of Italian with German as majority language. This language combination
displays overlapping and distinct intonational patterns in PolQs, making intonation potentially subject to CLI in bilingual
language acquisition. The results of an elicited production task indicate that HSs maintain a systemic difference between their
two languages. In German, HSs produce PolQs in a monolingual like manner. In Italian of HSs, both monolingual-like performance and
CLI from German has been observed. Early Italian use is beneficial for monolingual-like outcomes in the HL.
A comparison between solvent casting and electrospinning methods for the fabrication of HPMC fast-dissolving films: investigation of the physicochemical, mechanical and drug release characteristics
Authors: Mortazavi Seyedeh Maryam , kiani Reza , Zarei Chamgordani Nasrin , Mortazavi Seyed Alireza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The fast-dissolving film is an innovative dosage form that rapidly delivers the loaded drug upon contact with saliva. Many studies have been conducted on the fabrication of fast-dissolving films using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as a common film-forming agent with solvent-casting method or sometimes with electrospinning. However, there is no comparison of these two methods on the physicochemical, mechanical, and drug-release behavior of HPMC films. This paper aims to compare bisoprolol-containing fast-dissolving films composed of HPMC and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizer constructed by solvent-casting and electrospinning methods. Given the formulation parameters (e.g., plasticizer and polymer concentrations) and process parameters (e.g., tip-to-needle distance, voltage, and feed rate), various solvent-casting films and nanofiber mats were prepared. Films were characterized in terms of disintegration time, folding endurance, thermal behavior (using DSC), crystallin structure (using XRD), drug content, and drug release. The size and morphology of nanofibers were also evaluated by SEM. Solvent-casting film composed of 6% w/v HPMC and 6% v/v PEG400, as well as nanofiber mat composed of 13% w/v HPMC and 3% w/v PEG2000 were successfully constructed. DSC and XRD analysis revealed that the crystalline structure of bisoprolol converted into the amorphous structure in the polymeric films. Nanofibers were smooth and free of beads with a mean size of 0.66 ± 0.19 μm. In terms of flexibility, the nanofiber mats outperformed the solvent-casting films. The disintegration time of the nanofiber mat was less than that of the solvent-casting film (3 s versus 30 s). Besides, nanofibers indicated faster release. The superior performance of nanofiber mats can be attributed to their nanostructure. The results showed that the characteristics of the fast-dissolving films fabricated of HPMC, including disintegration time, release rate, and flexibility could be improved through the electrospinning process.
Exploring inter-trial coherence for inner speech classification in EEG-based brain–computer interface
Authors: Lopez-Bernal Diego , Balderas David , Ponce Pedro , Molina Arturo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. In recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) applied to inner speech classification have gathered attention for their potential to provide a communication channel for individuals with speech disabilities. However, existing methodologies for this task fall short in achieving acceptable accuracy for real-life implementation. This paper concentrated on exploring the possibility of using inter-trial coherence (ITC) as a feature extraction technique to enhance inner speech classification accuracy in EEG-based BCIs. Approach. To address the objective, this work presents a novel methodology that employs ITC for feature extraction within a complex Morlet time-frequency representation. The study involves a dataset comprising EEG recordings of four different words for ten subjects, with three recording sessions per subject. The extracted features are then classified using k-nearest-neighbors (kNNs) and support vector machine (SVM). Main results. The average classification accuracy achieved using the proposed methodology is 56.08% for kNN and 59.55% for SVM. These results demonstrate comparable or superior performance in comparison to previous works. The exploration of inter-trial phase coherence as a feature extraction technique proves promising for enhancing accuracy in inner speech classification within EEG-based BCIs. Significance. This study contributes to the advancement of EEG-based BCIs for inner speech classification by introducing a feature extraction methodology using ITC. The obtained results, on par or superior to previous works, highlight the potential significance of this approach in improving the accuracy of BCI systems. The exploration of this technique lays the groundwork for further research toward inner speech decoding.
The far-field diffraction of a plane wave on a system of randomly and in average periodically located point scatterers: the Debye-Waller factor
Authors: Khachatrian A.Zh. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The description of the superposition field of a system of point sources with a random and, on average, periodic structure is considered. The description is given in the far field and the point sources are considered as centers of secondary sphere waves generated by an external plane wave. In contrast to the traditional approach, where description of the diffraction pattern is given on the base of wave field averaging, here the intensity is averaged.

In the framework of the suggested approach the analytic formula of dependence of the average intensity on the direction observation is found. The influence of disorder on the values of intensity of main maximums of a periodic structure is investigated. It is shown that this influence depends on the ordinal numbers of the maximum and in the case of central main maximum this influence vanishes. The question of applicability of the Debye-Weller factor for describing of the statistic of diffracted field is discussed.
Recent advances in the CERN PS impedance model and instability simulations following the LHC Injectors Upgrade project
Authors: Joly S. , Oeftiger A. , Iadarola G. , Zannini C. , Migliorati M. , Mounet N. , Salvant B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Transverse instability growth rates in the CERN Proton
Synchrotron (PS) are studied thanks to the recently updated
impedance model of the machine. Using this model, macroparticle
tracking simulations were performed with a new method well-suited
for the slicing of short wakes, which achieves comparable
performance to the originally implemented method while reducing the
required number of slices by a factor of 5 to 10. Furthermore,
dedicated beam-based measurement campaigns were carried out to
benchmark the impedance model. Until now, beam dynamics simulations
based on this model underestimated instability growth rates at
injection energy. Thanks to a recent addition to the impedance
model, namely the kicker magnets' connecting cables and their
external circuits, the simulated instability growth rates are now
comparable to the measured ones even when neglecting the impact of
the space charge force. Finally, the space charge force is included
in simulations and its impact on the instability growth rate and
intra-bunch motion is studied.
Forward problem of electrocardiography based on cardiac source vector orientations
Authors: H Reshma , Bhat Vikas R , H Anitha 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To localize the unusual cardiac activities non-invasively, one has to build a prior forward model that relates the heart, torso, and detectors. This model has to be constructed to mathematically relate the geometrical and functional activities of the heart. Several methods are available to model the prior sources in the forward problem, which results in the lead field matrix generation. In the conventional technique, the lead field assumed the fixed prior sources, and the source vector orientations were presumed to be parallel to the detector plane with the unit strength in all directions. However, the anomalies cannot always be expected to occur in the same location and orientation, leading to misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. To overcome this, the work proposes a new forward model constructed using the VCG signals of the same subject. Furthermore, three transformation methods were used to extract VCG in constructing the time-varying lead fields to steer to the orientation of the source rather than just reconstructing its activities in the inverse problem. In addition, the unit VCG loop of the acute ischemia patient was extracted to observe the changes compared to the normal subject. The abnormality condition was achieved by delaying the depolarization time by 15ms. The results involving the unit vectors of VCG demonstrated the anisotropic nature of cardiac source orientations, providing information about the heart’s electrical activity.
Management of extreme weather impacts on electricity grids: an international review
Authors: Hawker Graeme , Bell Keith , Bialek Janusz , MacIver Callum 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Extreme weather events, such as high winds, storms, flooding and temperature extremes, are a major cause of disruption to the supply of electricity to consumers. System operators (SOs) are responsible for ensuring stable real-time operation of large-scale power networks and will act to prevent adverse impacts of such events on consumer supply, contain the extent of supply interruptions that do occur, and restore supply to affected consumers in an efficient and timely manner. SOs will also generally be involved in some way in the long-term planning of the transmission network and generation capacity required to ensure future resilience. In this paper we review some of the strategies adopted by SOs across the globe in ensuring high levels of reliability and resilience to extreme weather, with reference to learning generated from specific recent events. In the face of the potential for both the frequency of such events and for their consequent impacts to increase in the future, we recommend that regulatory control of investment in networks is informed by quantified understanding of the climate-energy interface, including assessment of the potential frequency and impacts of future weather events and shared learning from events experienced by different operators. The statutory role of utilities should include robust assessment of future weather-related risks and appropriate investment in their asset resilience, as well as assisting in the preparedness of supporting agencies to mitigate the impacts of weather-related disturbances on energy consumers.
Fraction order particle swarm optimization for parameter extraction of triple-diode photovoltaic models
Authors: Wadood Abdul , Ahmed Ejaz , Khan Shahbaz , Ali Husan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work proposes an application of Fractional Order Particle Swarm Optimization (FO-PSO), a meta-heuristic method for parameters estimation of photo-voltaic (PV) module as a non-linear, transcendental, multi-modal and implicit optimization problem. The uses single diode model (SDM), double diode model (DDM) and three-diode model (TDM) of PV modules with the constraint that only data-sheet information may be utilized. A fitness function based on the error amongst the computed values of current and voltage and the ones given in characteristic I-V curves of data-sheet, is minimized using the FO-PSO to get the required parameters. The comparative study between the estimated and data-sheet values provided by PV module manufacturers will determine the effectiveness of this research. The effectiveness of the FO-PSO is demonstrated by comparing the fitness values with that of other techniques. The FO-PSO technique makes a novel contribution to the PV power systems industry by making it possible to obtain a nearly realistic model of any commercial PV module. The effectiveness of the FO-PSO is determined by comparing the results for all the three models with the state of the art optimization techniques. The Root Mean Square error values calculated for the TDM is less than 10e–16, producing very consistent FO-PSO results. Therefore, FO-PSO is anticipated to be a competitive method for obtaining PV module specifications.