bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur Leitbündelstruktur der Ackerbohne (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Hoppe J. , Pommer G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Investigations on the vessel structures of broad beans (Vicia faba L.) The number of vessels was observed in the fruit bearing axes of some varieties from Vicia faba Minor, Equina and Major during flowering. These investigations were also made on some F2‐ progenies of crosses from minor×equina and Paucijuga×Eufaba and on some topflower plants.The varieties of Minor and Equina had about 12 vessels on the base of the axis, these diminished to the top of the axis 3 or 4 vessels just before the last flower. The varieties of Major had 12 vessels on the base of the axis too, but these diminished faster because of the smaller number of flowers on the axis. In Paucijuga the number of vessels on the base of the axis was only 3 to 4. Plants of Paucijuga had only 2 or 3 flowers per axis.Progenies from crosses between Minor×Equina had more vessels on the base of the axis, probably due to a heterotical inheritance. In progenies from crosses between Paucijuga×Eufaba an intermediate inheritance was found in the number of flowers per axis and in the number of vessels.Due to the investigations on a comprehensive material it is probable that the described vessel structure exists in most broad beans. This structure is complex arranged and modifyable. With this organization it is quite unprobable that the vessel structure will be a yield reducing factor.
The Effect of Different Soybean Tillage Systems on Infiltrability and Erosion Susceptibility of an Oxisol in Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Roth C. H. , Meyer B. , Frede H.‐G. , Derpsch R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMeasurements of infiltrability were carried out during the soybean vegetation period in three different tillage systems on an Oxisol, with the aim of estimating relative erosion susceptibility. The tillage systems studied were conventional tillage (disc plow), minimum tillage (chisel plow) and no‐tillage. Infiltration was determined as the difference between rainfall applied with a portable rainfall simulator and runoff collected from mini‐plots.During all growth stages of the soybeans, infiltrability under no‐tillage was higher than under conventional tillage. Minimum tillage took an intermediate position. Lowest overall infiltrability and consequently, highest relative erosion susceptibility was observed in the early growth stage after planting, in a wet year, when the degree of soil cover was also lowest. Infiltrability was mainly affected by degree of surface seal development as a result of natural rainfall energy the soil surface had received prior to measurements, as well as degree of soil cover. Highly significant correlations were found between the calculated sum of erosivity indices one month before measurement and the total infiltration. Differences in bulk density and macroporosity had hardly any effect on infiltrability.The better performance of no‐tillage in controlling erosion observed in Brazil can thus be explained by the higher degree of soil cover in comparison to the other tillage systems studied.
The Effect of Air Temperature on Growth and Alkaloidal Yield of Hyoscyamus muticus L.
Authors: Reda F. , Raafat A. , Abdel‐Halim M. A. , El‐Kadi M. , Yacob Z. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of natural air temperature on the vegetative growth and alkaloidal yield of H. muticus L. was studied. The highest number of branches, diameter, fresh and dry weights of stem and roots occurred in September sowing at full‐flowering and fruiting stages. Relatively higher temperature in Sept. sowing favoured leaf growth (number, area and dry weight). Hyoscyamine yield in different organs of the plants sown in Sept., excessively exceeded all other sowings during flower budding and full‐flowering stages. Hyoscine yield was quantitatively very small as compared with that of hyoscyamine and even could not be detected in the leaves of winter sowings during full‐flowering stage.
Effect of Seeding Date on the Growth of Sod‐seeded Lucerne
Authors: Kunelius H. T. , Campbell A. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a valuable forage legume but it is short lived in many regions and periodic reseeding is necessary to maintain adequate lucerne in swards. Sod‐seeding is a fast, one pass method of renovation but variable seedling establishment of sod‐seeded lucerne has been experienced in the Atlantic Region of Canada. Experiments were conducted in two consecutive years to determine seeding date effects on establishment and growth of sod‐seeded lucerne in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) dominant swards at two sites. In the first experiment lucerne was sod‐seeded on four dates in swards, band sprayed with paraquat at 0.5 kg/ha−1, and was compared with sod‐seeded red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). In the second experiment the effects of four sod‐seeding dates of lucerne and broadcast or band spraying of paraquat in swards were determined. Sod‐seeding lucerne between late April and mid‐June resulted in the best establishment and yields. Yields of sod‐seeded lucerne were usually greater with broadcast than with band applied paraquat. Red clover established more readily and made a greater contribution to total yields than lucerne.
Reaktion verschiederer Mais‐Inzuchtlinien und ‐Hybriden auf steigendes Stickstoffangebot
Authors: ÜLger A. C. , Becker H. C. , Kahnt G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractResponse of maize inbred lines and hybrids to increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizerThe response of 8 flint and 8 dent inbred lines and 16 flint × dent single crosses to three rates of nitrogen fertilizer (80, 160, 240 kg/ha) were tested in the years 1983 and 1984 in field trials at one location. The material represents a broad range of maize genotypes not strongly selected for kernel yield.The mean kernel yield of all hybrids increased from the lowest to the medium N treatment by 7.6 % in 1983 and by 4.9 % in 1984. The highest fertilizer level resulted in an additional yield advantage in the two years of 6.1 % and 4.4 % respectively. An increased nitrogen rate had a positive effect on plant height, leaf area index, grains/cob, 1000 kernel weight, and protein content. Lodging resistance and dry matter content were not significantly influenced by N treatments. A significant interaction between genotype and N treatment was observed for leaf area index, 1000 kernel weight, and protein content, but not for kernel yield. The correlations of kernel yield with other traits investigated were not consistent over years and nitrogen treatments.
Factors Associated with Reduced Yields of Delayed Plantings of Soybean1
Authors: Egli D. B. , Guffy R. D. , Heitholt J. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted for four years (1981 to 1984) at Lexington, KY, USA (38° N latitude) to determine the causes of reduced yields associated with delayed plantings of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). Five cultivars were planted in mid‐May and early July in row spacings ranging from 18 to 89 cm and the plots were irrigated to minimize moisture stress. Yields were significantly reduced by delayed planting because of reductions in the number of seed m−2 and mass seed−1. The yield reduction under irrigation indicates that moisture stress is not a major cause of reduced yields from delayed plantings. The reductions in seed number were associated with lower insolation interception during flowering and pod set and with smaller vegetative mass (g m−2) at growth stage R5 (beginning seed fill). The data suggest that a vegetative mass at R5 greater than that required to intercept 90 % or more of incident insolation is required to maximize seed number. The length of the seed filling period was not affected by planting date. Mass seed−1 was positively related to mean air temperature during seed filling, which suggests that the smaller seed from delayed plantings are a result of the lower temperatures associated with the later maturity.
Effects of High Soil Temperature and Water Stresses on Malian Pearl Millet and Sorghum during Seedling Stage
Authors: O'Neill M. K. , Diaby M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) can suffer from poor stand establishment under conditions of high soil temperature and water stresses. A line source sprinkler irrigation system and a charcoal pit technique were used to evaluate stand establishment and high correlations existed between the two methods. It may be possible to use the charcoal pit technique as a predictive tool in drought resistance breeding programs.
Effect of NH4+ Nitrogen on Phosphorus Uptake by Canola, Lentils, Soybeans and Wheat
Authors: Sangakkara U. R. , Cho C. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPhosphorus and ammonium nitrogen placed together has been shown to increase P uptake by crops, especially cereals, Thus, the objective of this study was to compare this effect on four crops grown in Manitoba. Plants harvested at flowering indicated greater P uptake in lentils, soybean and wheat, when P and NH4+‐N were placed on the same band. In contrast, canola did not respond to this treatment. Possible relationships of these ions are presented.
Modelling the Vertical Variability of the Radiation Flux Density in a Closed Green Crop Stand
Authors: Prasad S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAs the incident radiation penetrates vertically in any plant stand having green closed canopy, the PAR flux density (Rn) gradually decreases with depth in a manner that the radiation flux density (Rn) is inversely proportional to the photosynthetic‐area percentage (Pap), and the radiation interception density (Rid). The radiation interception density (Rid) is a function of net radiation intercepted, total photosynthetic‐area percentage and the thickness of that photosynthetic‐area.
The Effect of Soil Conditioners on Water Movement through Lateritic Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Sen K. K. , Bhadoria P. B. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe lateritic sandy loam soil of Gopali suffers by a high infiltration rate and percolation loss. The investigated soil was treated by four soil conditioners, CMC, PVA. Guargum and Lignosulphonate (LIG.) at 0.05 per cent and 0.10 per cent concentration level. The infiltration of water at −2 m bar pressure in horizontal column of soil was studied. The experimental results indicate that the lignosulphonate has increased the time by 30% and 70% to penetrate the 15 cm depth of soil column at 0.05 and 0.10 per cent concentration level, respectively. In the case of PVA, increase of time was 18 per cent and 33 percent at these the concentration level. Guargum at high concentration level increased the time by 31 per cent to penetrate the same depth of soil. Whereas CMC at high concentration reduced the time by 8 per cent. Similar trends were found in case of volume of water penetration and infiltration rate of treated soil.
Einfluß der N‐Düngung auf Ertragsentwicklung landwirtschaftlicher Kulturen und Veränderung des mineralischen N‐Gehaltes im Boden bei achtjährigen Dauerversuchen
Authors: Knittel H. , Zerulla W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Influence of long‐time Nitrogen‐fertilizing on yield response of agricultural crops and mineralized Nitrogen in soil In the years 1979–1986 a fertilizer trial with increasing Nitrogen amount was performed in order to prove the Nmin‐method according to Scharpf and Wehrmann. The Nmin‐method regards the mineralized N in soil (Nmin) for optimizing the N‐fertilizer amount at the begin of vegetation, could be confirmed. The optimal N‐rate (including Nmin) was for winter wheat and winter barley 120 kg/ha, winter rye 100 kg/ha and sugar beet 200 kg/ha. For cereals additional N‐rates were given at the end of tillering 20 kg/ha N and at ear emergency 60 kg/ha N. For the optimal N‐fertilizing system we found a positive N‐balance (input‐output) in a range of 10–25 kg/ha. The influence of N‐fertilizing on the mineralized N‐amount in soil was very small comparing to influence of weather, soil type or crops. Only at one location a little increase of Nmin (10–15 kg/ha) could be observed after a positive N‐balance (50 kg/ha).
Relationship of Root and Shoot Characters in Parent, F1 and F2 Populations of Rice
Authors: Sasmal B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe direct and indirect contributions of root characters — root length, roots/plant, fresh and dry root weight on grain yield/plant were worked out from a 7 × 7 diallel set of rice hybrids. The materials were grown in pots with four replications. Path analysis was done at genotypic level of correlation.The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F1 and F2 except with roots/plant in F1 population. Fresh root weight demonstrated positive direct effect on grain yield/plant in all the three generations. Roots/plant had highly positive direct effect in F2. Direct effects were negative in respect of root length and dry root weight in F2 generation.
Leaf Growth, Reproduction Growth and Yield in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Bhatt J. G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn three genotypes of cotton differing in height, reproductive growth increased with the increase in number and size of the leaves and was maximum when leaf area was also maximum. After this stage though the leaf area continued to remain high for 3 weeks and then declined, more buds were shed than produced. Within genotypes the taller type LRA 5166 produced more leaves with greater area than MCU‐5 whereas the dwarf type KD (CAKD) had more leaves with lesser area than MCU‐5. The maximum leaf area as well as the yield of seed cotton were one and a half times in LRA 5166 than in MCU‐5. Though the maximum leaf area in MCU‐5 was also one and a half times than in KD (CAKD), their seed cotton yields were the same. Since even during the period of maximum reproductive growth substantially more number of leaves were produced by LRA 5166 and KD (CAKD) than MCU‐5, maintenance and retention of bolls appeared to depend not only on leaf number and area but on their photosynthetic efficiency and perhaps nutrient reserves.
Electrophoretic and Serological Studies of the Seed Proteins of some Members of the Subfamily Papilionoideae
Authors: Sammour R. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractElectrophoretic and Immunochemical relationships amongst storage proteins of some tribes of subfamily Papilionoideae have been investigated on the basis of their legumins and vicilins subunit compositions. SDS‐PAGE, immunodiffusion, and “Western” blotting technique are the technique which were used in this study. Electrophoretically, it has been found that each tribe has a distinctive electrophoretic pattern. Immunochemically, legumin and vicilin‐like proteins were detected for the first time in some members of Phasealeoe, Glycineae, Cajaneae, and Diocleae.
Optimale Stickstoffdüngung aus ökonomischer Sicht in Abhängigkeit von Standort, Vorfrucht, Bodenbearbeitung, Phosphat‐ und Kalidüngung sowie Sortenwahl
Authors: Kling A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEconomically optimal N‐fertilization as influenced by location, preceding crop, cultivation of soil, phosphatic and potassic fertilization and choice of variety.– The economically optimal quantity of N‐fertilization is mainly influenced by location, preceding crop, cultivation of soil, phosphatic and potassic fertilization and choice of variety. The optimal organization of these factors, however, to the extent that it can be influenced by the farmer, is a precondition of an effective N‐fertilization.– Depending on the above‐mentioned factors the economically optimal quantity of N‐fertilization shows a great variation. In the majority of cases the optimal N‐quantity to winter wheat ranges between 100 and 180 kg/ha and to sugar beets between 120 and 200 kg/ha.
Soil Aggregates and Growth of Wheat
Authors: Agrawal R. P. , Jhorar B. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of different soil aggregate sizes (10–4, 4–2 and < 2 mm) in the seed‐root zone were investigated on the growth of wheat in a sandy loam soil (Typic Ustochrepts, fine loamy) under controlled ecological conditions. Plant growth, as evaluated by the plant height, length of main root, dry matter and root weight, was greater in 10–4 mm soil aggregate treatment than 4–2 mm soil aggregate treatment, which in turn was greater than < 2 mm soil aggregate treatment. The coarser tilth of the seed‐root bed maintained higher apparent growth rates, studied upto 84 days after sowing and this declined with decrease in aggregate sizes.
Agronomic Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as Influenced by Moisture Stress at Various Growth Stages and Seeding Rate
Authors: Hassan U. A. , Ogunlela V. B. , Sinha T. D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field experiment was conducted at Samaru, Nigeria during the 1981–82 dry season to determine the yield and growth responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to moisture stress imposed at various growth stages and to seeding rate. It was also to identify wheat growth stages that are most sensitive to soil moisture stress. Treatments tested include three seeding rates, namely, 75, 100 and 150 kg per ha, and seven drought treatments, effected by missing one or two consecutive irrigations at different growth stages.Withholding irrigation at any growth stage prior to anthesis had detrimental effects on most of the growth characters and stress during crown root initiation (CRI) and jointing reduced most of the yield characters. Missing two consecutive irrigations at any given growth stage reduced grain yield more than did missing one irrigation; the greatest reductions in grain yield were 13 and 65% when one irrigation was missed at CRI and two consecutive irrigations were missed at jointing (the most sensitive growth stage) respectively. Moisture stress was also detrimental to number of grains, spike number, spike length, leaf area and number of tillers. A seeding rate of 100 kg per ha produced the best wheat performance in the present study.
Direct and Residual Effect of Slow Release Urea Fertilizers in Rice‐Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Kolhe S. S. , Mittra B. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted for three consecutive years during 1979—80 to 1981—82 to find out the relative efficiency of different forms of urea fertilizer for rice and their residual effect on the succeeding crop of wheat. In rice crop, root zone placement of nitrogen as urea super granule 1.0 g size (USG) under puddled field condition was proved to be superior to other sources. The relative efficiency of USG, urea in splits and sulphur coated urea (SCU) was 116.92%, 107.71% and 101.41% respectively as compared to ordinary urea at planting. Significant residual effect on succeeding crop of wheat was recorded in case of SCU which was followed by USG, urea in splits and urea at planting.
Effect of Soil and Foliar Fertilization on Inoculated and Uninoculated Soybeans
Authors: Kamel M. S. , Metwally A. A. , Abdalla S. T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo experiments of soil N‐fertilization and Rhizobium inoculation were conducted in 1981 and 1982 at Giza, Egypt. Soybean was sprayed with a commercial micronutrients mixture, and with urea.In the first experiment, soil N‐fertilization 0, 142.8 and 214.2 kg N/hectare were applied to uninoculated plants, whereas, in the second one, local inoculum was used alone or along with addition of a starter dose of N (47.6 kg N/hectare).Urea applications were at pod filling period (R4, R5 and R6 stages), whereas, micronutrients mixture was applied at 25 days from planting.Plant dry weight, leaf area/plant, plant height, pod and seed number/plant, seed weight/plant, seed yield and crude seed protein content increased significantly with nitrogen application to uninoculated soybean plants; whereas the starter dose of N had no significant effect on any of these traits under the inoculated soybean plants.Foliar application of micronutrients caused significant increases in plant DW, LA, pod and seed number/plant, seed index and seed yield of fertilized and inoculated plants.Foliar application of urea, to inoculated and uninoculated plants, caused significant increments in plant dry weight, 1A, seed protein content and particular seed index and seed yield.
Effect of Diclofop and Linuron on Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorum), Control in Triticale (X Triticosecale), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Rye (Secale cereale)
Authors: Bishnoi U. R. , Pancholi D. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAnnual rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a serious and wide spread problem in cereal crops. A field experiment with a promising herbicide diclofop [(±)‐2‐[4‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 0.56, 0.84 and 1.12 kg ai/ha, in comparison to commonly used linuron [N'‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐N‐methoxy‐N‐methylurea] at 0.84, 1.12 and 1.41 kg ai/ha was conducted to control rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.). The herbicides were applied as soil‐incorporated, preemergence and post‐emergence. Results showed that diclofop is less phytotoxic than Linuron and the postemergence application of these herbicides was more phytotoxic on all cereal crops. Diclofop applied at 1.12 kg/ha, gave almost 100 percent rye grass control and produced 45 and 115 kg/ha higher grain yields in pre‐ and postemergence methods, respectively, as compared to the soil‐incorporated method.
Inter‐cropping and Border‐cropping of Compatible Crops in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) under Garden Land Conditions
Authors: Siddeswaran K. , Ramaswami C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWith a view to explore the possibility of developing the most economic and viable intercropping and border‐cropping systems with nitrogen management in finger millet, an experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during summer season (December—March) under garden land condition. Different inter‐crops tested were sorghum, sunflower, lady's finger, onion and cluster beans. The study indicated that intercropping and border‐cropping in direct sown finger millet under irrigated condition were possible. The best and most remunerative border‐crop as well as inter‐crop in finger millet was onion. Application of 90 kg N/ha would be sufficient for such a cropping system in a sandy clay loam soil of medium fertility. Onion and cluster beans exhibited companion effect and sunflower and sorghum exerted competitive effect on growth and production of finger millet.