bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentiments as Culturally Constructed Emotions: Anger and Love in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: van Wolde Ellen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis article explores the language of the sentiments of anger and love in biblical Hebrew, English and Japanese, where sentiments are defined as emotions that are culturally defined and organized. Its leading questions are: To what extent do people in different societies experience the same and different emotions because of their cultural backgrounds? And what does language reveal about emotional thought and its cultural construction in the Hebrew Bible? It is argued that anger in biblical texts is related to the mouth, nose or face and expresses an uncontrollable fury in someone's head that leads prototypically to retributive actions. It is also argued that the love between a man and a woman in the Hebrew Bible is conceptualized as love of a man for a woman. The semantic values of both sentiments seem to materialize in a hierarchical framework of thinking. Emotions may break in into generally accepted hierarchical structures: anger may get hold of someone and love can defy determined positions. Nonetheless, cultural conventions are developed and used to defend the hierarchical order as a natural order. This explains why women are never said to be angry in the Hebrew Bible, and why it is only rarely expressed that a woman loves a man.
The Classification of Smells and the Order of the Senses in Indian Religious Traditions
Authors: McHugh James 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the course of producing complex analyses of sensory experience, traditional Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist scholars in South Asia examined the nature of smell. These scholars were most often interested in the fundamental qualities of smells, i.e. how many types of odor there are. Faced with this difficult task, the three sectarian groups initially produced three different accounts, though in later works most scholars adopted very similar classifications of smell. In part, this may be because of the difficulties involved in classifying smells, but the article also suggests that it was mutually beneficial to abandon contentious material in less significant parts of a system in order to focus discussion on more central issues. Amongst all the sense-objects, odors were most consistently defined by terms implying an aesthetic value. The article also examines the place of the sense of smell within the three different orders of the senses that these three schools of thought used. These sense-orders reflect divergent classificatory principles, and the place of smell in relation to the other senses highlights different aspects of the sense of smell. Unlike their stance on the classification of odors, the three schools of thought always maintained distinct orders of the senses, which must have been a regular reminder of difference in philosophical priorities.
The Talmud in the Mind of Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Levine Étan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLevinas modestly admits that the title of his collection of lectures From the Sacred to the Holy reflects the fact that his Talmud studies are guided neither by the certainty of religious piety nor the "certainties" of historical, text-critical scholarship. Rather, his readings continue the tradition of the Talmud, the "oral Torah" that extracts from the "written Torah" ethical meaning as the ultimate intelligibility of the human and even of the cosmic.59 Taking "philosophy" in this practical sense as a contribution to the reflective resolution of existential quandaries, Albert Einstein would surely think again about
Tacitus' Fragment 2: the Anti-Roman Movement of the Christiani and the Nazoreans
Authors: Laupot Eric 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThere is little consensus as to the historical nature of the sect identified by Tacitus in Annales 15.44 as the Christiani. Nor is there any firm consensus on the authenticity and historicity of all of that fragment known as Tacitus' fragment 2 (= Sulpicius Severus (Chronica 2.30.6-7), whose references to "Christiani" are widely suspected of being later Christian interpolations. Much of this fragment is thought, nevertheless, to be from the lost portion of the fifth book of Tacitus' Historiae. A solution can be found to both of these problems by adducing from fragment 2 new evidence indicating that this fragment indeed represents a primary historical source. This new evidence takes the form of the discovery of a significant statistical relationship among the following three words: (1) The metaphor stirps (branch, descendants) used to describe the Christiani in fragment 2, (2) and (3) Nαζωραîoζ and Nαζαρηνoζ (Nazorean), describing the New Testament sect associated with the of Acts 11.26. The connecting link among, as well as the common source for, the three words listed above appears to be the Hebrew netser (branch, descendants-apparently influenced by Isa 11.1), which both translates into stirps and translitcrates into N It is mathematically extremely unlikely that this link with netser represents a random coincidence. Also, it appears that a later Christian redactor of fragment 2 or his target audience would not have known of this connection. Because of this and other contextual explanations, the possibility is largely eliminated that fragment 2 could have been significantly redacted by a later Christian. We are thus left with the substantial probability that this fragment constitutes a primary historical source, most likely via Tacitus. In turn this source supplies us with a probable solution to the problem of the Christiani's identity by depicting them in fragment 2 as being major participants in the first Jewish revolt against Rome in 66-73 CE.
Theological Influences on the Teachings and Practices of John Alexander Dowie
Authors: Faupel William 
Published: December 2007

AbstractJohn Alexander Dowie has long been known as a theological forebear of the Pentecostal Movement. What has been less known is the extent to which he was influenced by the theology and practices of the Mormon tradition. This article seeks to identify these influences and place them in the historical/theological context of Dowie's life and ministry. The article goes on to show that Dowie operated within the broad theological context of the Calvinistic wing of 19th Century Perfectionism known as the Keswick Movement. His theological understanding was modified by insights drawn from Edward Irving and the Catholic Apostolic Church. Within this theological framework, parallels with Mormon teaching can be detected in his utopian vision, evangelistic strategy, and proposed ecclesiastical structures.
A. S. Worrell's New Testament: A Landmark Baptist-Pentecostal Bible Translation from the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Kuykendall Michael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEnglish Bible translation has always been ideological, exposing the religious traditions of the translators. But A. S. Worrell's New Testament, published in 1904, is a rarity. Worrell was a Landmark Southern Baptist who converted to Pentecostalism late in life, and his Bible version reflects this unique combination of Landmark and Pentecostal sympathies. This article identifies the marks of both theologies and the ways in which Worrell integrated them into his singular Bible translation.
Contending For Tongues: W. W. Simpson's Pentecostal Experience in Northwest China
Authors: Wilson Michael 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Pentecostal Movement spread over China in the early twentieth century and with it came the usual controversies, as is evident in the life of W. W. Simpson. Simpson experienced Spirit baptism, with glossolalia, in 1907, after 15 years in China. His insistence thereafter that tongues-speaking was the initial physical evidence of Spirit baptism cost him dearly and caused a great deal of strife among missionaries and their sponsoring agencies. Nevertheless, even while it spawned conflicts, the Pentecostal Movement seems to have influenced the development of the Chinese Church.
Microsatellite based genetic diversity and relationships among ten Creole and commercial cattle breeds raised in Brazil
Authors: Egito Andréa A , Paiva Samuel R , Albuquerque Maria do Socorro M , Mariante Arthur S , Almeida Leonardo D , Castro Silvia R , Grattapaglia Dario 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
Brazil holds the largest commercial cattle populations worldwide. Local cattle breeds can be classified according to their origin, as exotic or Creole. Exotic breeds imported in the last 100 years, both zebuine and taurine, currently make up the bulk of the intensively managed populations. Locally adapted Creole breeds, originated from cattle introduced by the European conquerors derive from natural selection and events of breed admixture. While historical knowledge exists on the Brazilian Creole breeds very little is known on their genetic composition. The objective of this study was to assess the levels of genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and patterns of taurine/zebuine admixture among ten cattle breeds raised in Brazil.

Results
Significant reduction of heterozygosity exists due both to within-population inbreeding and to breed differentiation in both subspecies (taurine and zebuine). For taurine breeds the number of markers that contribute to breed differentiation is larger than for zebuine. A consistently similar number of alleles was seen in both subspecies for all microsatellites. Four Creole breeds were the most genetically diverse followed by the zebuine breeds, the two specialized taurine breeds and the Creole Caracu. Pairwise genetic differentiation were all significant indicating that all breeds can be considered as genetically independent entities. A STRUCTURE based diagram indicated introgression of indicine genes in the local Creole breeds and suggested that occasional Creole introgression can be detected in some Zebuine animals.

Conclusion
This study reports on a comprehensive study of the genetic structure and diversity of cattle breeds in Brazil. A significant amount of genetic variation is maintained in the local cattle populations. The genetic data show that Brazilian Creole breeds constitute an important and diverse reservoir of genetic diversity for bovine breeding and conservation. The genetic data was able to shed light on a number of issues related to the local breeds origin and structure. The Brazilian Creole breeds are all important and viable targets for conservation for they display peculiar traits both phenotypic and of cultural and historical nature that deserve conservation efforts.
Echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve morphology after Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy (PTMC)
Authors: Hasan-Ali Hosam , Shams-Eddin Hamdy , Abd-Elsayed Alaa A , Maghraby Muhammad H 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Aims
PTMC produces significant changes in mitral valve morphology as improvement in leaflets mobility. The determinants of such improvement have not been assessed before.

Methods and results
The study included 291 symptomatic patients with mitral stenosis undergoing PTMC. Post-PTMC subvalvular splitting area was a determinant of post-PTMC excursion in both the anterior (B 0.16, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.30, p < 0.05) and the posterior (B 0.12, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.24, p < 0.05) leaflets. Another determinant was the post-PTMC transmitral pressure gradient for anterior (B -0.02, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.005, p < 0.01) and posterior (B -0.01, 95% CI -0.04 to -0.005, p < 0.05) leaflets excursion. The relationship between post-PTMC MVA and leaflet excursion was non-linear "S curve". There was a steep increase of both anterior (p, 0.02) and posterior (p, 0.03) leaflets excursion with increased MVA till the MVA reached a value of about 1.5 cm2; after which both linear and S curves became nearly parallel.

Conclusion
The improvement in leaflets excursion after PTMC is determined by several morphologic and hemodynamic changes produced in the valve. The increase in MVA improves mobility within limit; after which any further increase in MVA is not associated by a significant improvement in mobility in both leaflets.
Complicated Crohn's-like colitis, associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, treated with Infliximab: a case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Kouklakis George , Efremidou Eleni I , Papageorgiou Michael S , Pavlidou Evdoxia , Manolas Konstantinos J , Liratzopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Introduction
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder consisting of a triad of albinism, increased bleeding tendency secondary to platelet dysfunction, and systemic complications associated with ceroid depositions within the reticuloendothelial system. HPS has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complications related to chronic granulomatous colitis with pathologic features suggestive of Crohn's disease. This colitis can be severe and has been reported to be poorly responsive to medical therapies including antibiotics, corticosteroids, sulfasalazine, mesalamine and azathioprine.

Case presentation
We report a patient with HPS which was complicated by inflammatory bowel disease with clinical and pathologic features of Crohn's disease, refractory to antibiotics, corticosteroids and azathioprine. A trial of infliximab was attempted and repeated infusions produced a complete response.

Conclusion
The occurrence of ileitis and perianal lesions and also the histopathological findings in our case suggest that HPS and Crohn's disease may truly be associated. Given this similarity and the failure of the standard medical therapy of corticosteroids and azathioprine, our patient received infliximab with marked clinical improvement.
Effects of Bazedoxifene on BMD and Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Women: 2-Yr Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-, and Active-Controlled Study
Authors: Miller Paul D , Chines Arkadi A , Christiansen Claus , Hoeck Hans C , Kendler David L , Lewiecki E Michael , Woodson Grattan , Levine Amy B , Constantine Ginger , Delmas Pierre D 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Osteoporosis is an increasingly common health concern in postmenopausal women. In a 2-yr phase III study, bazedoxifene prevented bone loss, reduced bone turnover, and was well tolerated in early postmenopausal women with normal or low BMD.
Introduction: Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator that has increased BMD and bone strength in experimental models, without stimulating breast or uterus. This 24-mo, randomized, double-blind study assessed the efficacy and safety of three doses of bazedoxifene compared with placebo and raloxifene in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Materials and Methods: Healthy postmenopausal women with a BMD T-score at the lumbar spine or femoral neck between –1.0 and −2.5 or clinical risk factors for osteoporosis were randomly assigned to one of five groups: bazedoxifene 10, 20, or 40 mg/d, placebo, or raloxifene 60 mg/d. All women received elemental calcium. Efficacy outcomes included changes from baseline through 24 mo in BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter and biomarkers of bone metabolism.
Results: The intent-to-treat population included 1434 women (mean age, 58 yr; mean time from last menstrual period, 11 yr). All doses of bazedoxifene and raloxifene prevented bone loss, whereas in the placebo group, there was significant loss of BMD at all skeletal sites. Mean differences in percent change in lumbar spine BMD from baseline to 24 mo relative to placebo were 1.08 ± 0.28%, 1.41 ± 0.28%, 1.49 ± 0.28%, and 1.49 ± 0.28% for 10, 20, and 40 mg bazedoxifene and 60 mg raloxifene, respectively (p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). Comparable BMD responses were observed at other body sites. Significant and comparable decreases in serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide levels from baseline and relative to placebo with active treatment were observed as early as 3 mo and were sustained through study conclusion (p &lt; 0.001). Overall incidences of adverse events, serious adverse events, and discontinuations caused by adverse events were similar between groups. The most common adverse events included headache, infection, arthralgia, pain, hot flush, and back pain.
Conclusions: Treatment with bazedoxifene prevented bone loss and reduced bone turnover equally as well as raloxifene and was generally well tolerated in postmenopausal women with normal/low BMD.
Simultaneous Assessment of Endothelial Function, Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity, Nitric Oxide–Mediated Signaling, and Oxidative Stress in Individuals with and without Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Maas Renke , Schwedhelm Edzard , Kahl Lydia , Li Huige , Benndorf Ralf , Lüneburg Nicole , Förstermann Ulrich , Böger Rainer H 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Background: Endothelial function is impaired in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Based on mostly indirect evidence, this impairment is attributed to reduced synthesis or impaired biological activity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO). It was the aim of this study to directly estimate and compare whole-body NO production in normo- and hypercholesterolemia by applying a nonradioactive stable isotope dilution technique in vivo.
Methods: We enrolled 12 normocholesterolemic and 24 hypercholesterolemic volunteers who were all clinically healthy. To assess whole-body NO synthesis, we intravenously administered l-[guanidino-(15N2)]-arginine and determined the urinary excretion of 15N-labeled nitrate, the specific end product of NO oxidation in humans, by use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, we measured flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS) in platelets, plasma concentration of the endogenous NOS inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and urinary excretion of 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α).
Results: After infusion of l-[guanidino-(15N2)]-arginine, cumulative excretion of 15N-labeled-nitrate during 48 h was 40% [95% CI 15%–66%] lower in hypercholesterolemic than normocholesterolemic volunteers [mean 9.2 (SE 0.8) μmol vs 15.4 (2.3) μmol/l, P = 0.003]. FMD was on average 36% [4%–67%] lower in hypercholesterolemic than normocholesterolemic volunteers [6.3 (4.0)% vs 9.4 (4.6)%, P = 0.027]. Normalized expression of NOS protein in platelets was also significantly lower in hypercholesterolemic volunteers, whereas there were no significant differences in plasma ADMA concentration or urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF2α between the 2 groups.
Conclusions: This study provides direct evidence for a decreased whole body NO synthesis rate in healthy people with hypercholesterolemia.
Hyperhomocysteinemia, DNA methylation and vascular disease
Authors: Jamaluddin Md S. , Yang Xiaofeng , Wang Hong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been established as a potent independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We were the first to propose that hypomethylation is the key biochemical mechanism by which homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits endothelial cell (EC) growth. We reported that clinically relevant concentrations of Hcy (10–50 μmol/L) exerts highly selective inhibitory effects on cyclin A transcription and EC growth through a hypomethylation related mechanism, which blocks cell cycle progression and endothelium regeneration. Recently, we demonstrated that Hcy reduces DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) activity and demethylates cyclin A promoter leading to cyclin A chromatin remodeling. We found that adenovirus-transducedClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1660–6.
Homocysteine, brain natriuretic peptide and chronic heart failure: a critical review
Authors: Herrmann Wolfgang , Herrmann Markus , Joseph Jacob , Tyagi Suresh C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Recently, plasma homocysteine (HCY) has been suggested to be significantly increased in CHF patients. This article reviews the relation between hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCY) and CHF. Clinical data indicate that HHCY is associated with an increased incidence, as well as severity, of CHF. In addition, HCY correlates with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a modern biochemical marker of CHF, which is used for diagnosis, treatment guidance and risk assessment. Animal studies showed that experimental HHCY induces systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as well as an increased BNP expression. Moreover, hyperhomocysteinemic animals exhibit an adverse cardiac remodeling characterized by accumulation of interstitial and perivascular collagen. In vitro superfusion experiments with increasing concentrations of HCY in the superfusion medium stimulated myocardial BNP release independent from myocardial wall stress. Thus, clinical and experimental data underline a correlation between HHCY and BNP supporting the role of HHCY as a causal factor for CHF. The mechanisms leading from an elevated HCY level to reduced pump function and adverse cardiac remodeling are a matter of speculation. Existing data indicate that direct effects of HCY on the myocardium, as well as nitric oxide independent vascular effects, are involved. Preliminary data from small intervention trials have initiated the speculation that HCY lowering therapy by micronutrients may improve clinical as well as laboratory markers of CHF.In conclusion, HHCY might be a potential etiological factor in CHF. Future studies need to explore the pathomechanisms of HHCY in CHF. Moreover, larger intervention trials are needed to clarify whether modification of plasma HCY by B-vitamin supplementation improves the clinical outcome in CHF patients.Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1633–44.
Activin Alters the Kinetics of Endoderm Induction in Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured on Collagen Gels
Authors: Parashurama Natesh , Nahmias Yaakov , Cho Cheul H. , van Poll Daan , Tilles Arno W. , Berthiaume François , Yarmush Martin L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Embryonic stem cell-derived endoderm is critical for the development of cellular therapies for the treatment of disease such as diabetes, liver cirrhosis, or pulmonary emphysema. Here, we describe a novel approach to induce endoderm from mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells using fibronectin-coated collagen gels. This technique results in a homogeneous endoderm-like cell population, demonstrating endoderm-specific gene and protein expression, which remains committed following in vivo transplantation. In this system, activin, normally an endoderm inducer, caused an 80% decrease in the Foxa2-positive endoderm fraction, whereas follistatin increased the Foxa2-positive endoderm fraction to 78%. Our work suggests that activin delays the induction of endoderm through its transient precursors, the epiblast and mesendoderm. Long-term differentiation displays a twofold reduction in hepatic gene expression and threefold reduction in hepatic protein expression of activin-treated cells compared with follistatin-treated cells. Moreover, subcutaneous transplantation of activin-treated cells in a syngeneic mouse generated a heterogeneous teratoma-like mass, suggesting that these were a more primitive population. In contrast, follistatin-treated cells resulted in an encapsulated epithelial-like mass, suggesting that these cells remained committed to the endoderm lineage. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel technique to induce the direct differentiation of endoderm from mES cells without cell sorting. In addition, our work suggests a new role for activin in induction of the precursors to endoderm and a new endoderm-enrichment technique using follistatin.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.