bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophilic airway inflammation and association with bacterial lipopolysaccharide in children with asthma and wheezing
Authors: Hauk Pia J. , Krawiec Marzena , Murphy James , Boguniewicz Juri , Schiltz Allison , Goleva Elena , Liu Andrew H. , Leung Donald Y.M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAsthma is a leading chronic childhood illness in the US. To gain further insight into the pathophysiology of childhood asthma, we studied markers of airway inflammation and possible triggers such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 18 children with chronic asthma and persistent wheezing who underwent clinically indicated bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We predominantly found neutrophilic airway inflammation associated with increased levels of IL‐8, metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP‐1) and MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 ratio. A significant correlation was found between levels of LPS in BAL and airway neutrophils in BAL from a subgroup of children who had a tendency of increased levels of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1, suggesting that increased LPS levels in BAL may contribute to chronic airway inflammation and early remodeling. Our data highlight the importance of defining chronic triggers of early airway inflammation in children and characterizing their inflammation, considering the use of bronchoscopy and BAL. Increased knowledge of airway inflammation in children may help prevent a more severe asthma phenotype and lead to environmental control measures and new treatment strategies to intervene against the establishment of irreversible inflammation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:916–923. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occlusion of an aberrant artery to an intralobar pulmonary sequestration using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug
Authors: Hwang Haw‐Kwei , Tsai Yi‐Shan , Lin Shan‐Miao , Chen Ming‐Ren 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPulmonary sequestration is a rare anomaly and is conventionally treated with surgical excision. This report describes the successful occlusion of a large aberrant artery to an intralobar pulmonary sequestration using an Amplatzer Vascular Plug. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:933–935. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate cancer serum biomarker discovery through proteomic analysis of alpha‐2 macroglobulin protein complexes
Authors: Burgess Earle F. , Ham Amy‐Joan L. , Tabb David L. , Billheimer Dean , Roth Bruce J. , Chang Sam S. , Cookson Michael S. , Hinton Timothy J. , Cheek Kristin L. , Hill Salisha , Pietenpol Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlpha‐2 macroglobulin (A2M) functions as a universal protease inhibitor in serum and is capable of binding various cytokines and growth factors. In this study, we investigated if immunoaffinity enrichment and proteomic analysis of A2M protein complexes from human serum could improve detection of biologically relevant and novel candidate protein biomarkers in prostate cancer. Serum samples from six patients with androgen‐independent, metastatic prostate cancer and six control patients without malignancy were analyzed by immunoaffinity enrichment of A2M protein complexes and MS identification of associated proteins. Known A2M substrates were reproducibly identified from patient serum in both cohorts, as well as proteins previously undetected in human serum. One example is heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90α), which was identified only in the serum of cancer patients in this study. Using an ELISA, the presence of HSP90α in human serum was validated on expanded test cohorts and found to exist in higher median serum concentrations in prostate cancer (n = 18) relative to control (n = 13) patients (median concentrations 50.7 versus 27.6 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.001). Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of this approach and support the analysis of A2M protein complexes for proteomic‐based serum biomarker discovery.
Hydrostatic Compression Curve for Triamino‐Trinitrobenzene Determined to 13.0 GPa with Powder X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Stevens Lewis L. , Velisavljevic Nenad , Hooks Daniel E. , Dattelbaum Dana M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractUsing powder X‐ray diffraction in conjunction with a diamond anvil cell (DAC), the unit cell volume of triamino‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) has been measured from ambient pressure to 13 GPa. The resultant isotherm is compared with previous theoretical (Byrd and Rice and Pastine and Bernecker) and experimental (Olinger and Cady) works. While all reports are consistent to approximately 2 GPa, our measurements reveal a slightly stiffer TATB material than reported by Olinger and Cady and an intermediate compressibility compared with the isotherms predicted by the two theoretical works. Analysis of the room temperature isotherm using the semi‐empirical, Murnaghan, Birch–Murnaghan, and Vinet equations of state (EOS) provided a determination of the isothermal bulk modulus (Ko) and its pressure‐derivative (Ko′) for TATB. From these fits to our P–V isotherm, from ambient pressure to 8 GPa, the average results for the zero‐pressure bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were found to be 14.7 GPa and 10.1, respectively. For comparison to shock experiments on pressed TATB powder and its plastic‐bonded formulation PBX 9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel‐F 800), the isotherm was transformed to the pseudo‐velocity Us–up plane using the Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions. This analysis provides an extrapolated bulk sound speed, co=1.70 km s−1, for TATB and its agreement with a previous determination (co=1.43 km s−1) is discussed. Furthermore, our P–V and corresponding Us–up curves reveal a subtle cusp at approximately 8 GPa. This cusp is discussed in relation to similar observations made for the aromatic hydrocarbons anthracene, benzene and toluene, graphite, and trinitrotoluene (TNT).
Gene expression profile of mouse prostate tumors reveals dysregulations in major biological processes and identifies potential murine targets for preclinical development of human prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Haram Kerstyn M. , Peltier Heidi J. , Lu Bin , Bhasin Manoj , Otu Hasan H. , Choy Bob , Regan Meredith , Libermann Towia A. , Latham Gary J. , Sanda Martin G. , Arredouani Mohamed S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDTranslation of preclinical studies into effective human cancer therapy is hampered by the lack of defined molecular expression patterns in mouse models that correspond to the human counterpart. We sought to generate an open source TRAMP mouse microarray dataset and to use this array to identify differentially expressed genes from human prostate cancer (PCa) that have concordant expression in TRAMP tumors, and thereby represent lead targets for preclinical therapy development.METHODSWe performed microarrays on total RNA extracted and amplified from eight TRAMP tumors and nine normal prostates. A subset of differentially expressed genes was validated by QRT‐PCR. Differentially expressed TRAMP genes were analyzed for concordant expression in publicly available human prostate array datasets and a subset of resulting genes was analyzed by QRT‐PCR.RESULTSCross‐referencing differentially expressed TRAMP genes to public human prostate array datasets revealed 66 genes with concordant expression in mouse and human PCa; 56 between metastases and normal and 10 between primary tumor and normal tissues. Of these 10 genes, two, Sox4 and Tubb2a, were validated by QRT‐PCR. Our analysis also revealed various dysregulations in major biologic pathways in the TRAMP prostates.CONCLUSIONSWe report a TRAMP microarray dataset of which a gene subset was validated by QRT‐PCR with expression patterns consistent with previous gene‐specific TRAMP studies. Concordance analysis between TRAMP and human PCa associated genes supports the utility of the model and suggests several novel molecular targets for preclinical therapy. Prostate 68: 1517–1530, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Docosahexaenoic acid enhances the efficacy of docetaxel in prostate cancer cells by modulation of apoptosis: The role of genes associated with the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Shaikh Irshad A.A. , Brown Iain , Schofield Andrew C. , Wahle Klaus W.J. , Heys Steven D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDEvidence is growing for beneficial interactions between omega‐3 fatty acids from fish and chemotherapy agents in certain human cancers. Evidence for similar effects in prostate cancer is lacking. We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA‐22:6n‐3), a component of fish oil, on the cytotoxicity of docetaxel in prostate cancer cells.METHODSCell viability was studied using the MTT assay and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry using PI, annexin V, and JC‐1 staining. Cellular signaling mechanisms that might explain the observed pro‐apoptotic effects were investigated using NF‐κB pathway specific cDNA microarrays and RT‐PCR validation.RESULTSDHA enhanced the pro‐apoptotic efficacy of docetaxel, synergistically, in hormone receptor positive and negative LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 cells, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed an increase in G2M arrest and JC‐1 staining showed a significant (P < 0.018) increase in apoptotic cells with combination treatments in LNCaP cells. Microarray and RTPCR showed decreased expression of FADD, AKT1, MAX, TRAF3, MAP2k4, TNFRSF11A, and RIPK1 in LNCaP cells. Similar results were obtained with DU145 cells; combinations were more effective than single treatments. Combination treatments suppressed NF‐κB signaling that was induced by docetaxel alone; this is considered an anti‐apoptotic response.CONCLUSIONDHA synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer cells through increased apoptosis by suppression of genes involved in the NF‐κB pathway. This highlights the possibility of developing such combination modalities for treatment of prostate cancer. Prostate 68: 1635–1646, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) is insulinotropic rather than hypoglycemic in type 2 diabetes model of rats
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Choi Haymie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe present study was conducted to clarify whether a low or a high, but tolerable, dietary dose of red chilli (RC) can ameliorate the diabetes related complications in a high‐fat (HF) diet‐fed streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 2 diabetes model of rats. Five‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a HF diet for 2 weeks then randomly divided into four groups namely: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DBC), red chilli low (RCL, 0.5%) and red chilli high (RCH, 2.0%) groups. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of STZ (40 mg/kg BW) in all groups except the NC group. After 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets, the fasting blood glucose concentrations in both RC fed groups were not significantly different. The serum insulin concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the RCH group compared with the DBC and RCL groups. Blood HbA1c, liver weight, liver glycogen and serum lipids were not influenced by the feeding of RC‐containing diets. The data of this study suggest that 2% dietary RC is insulinotropic rather than hypoglycemic at least in this experimental condition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayes approach to reliability prediction utilizing data from accelerated life tests and field failure observations
Authors: Pan Rong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA Bayes approach is proposed to improve product reliability prediction by integrating failure information from both the field performance data and the accelerated life testing data. It is found that a product's field failure characteristic may not be directly extrapolated from the accelerated life testing results because of the variation of field use condition that cannot be replicated in the lab‐test environment. A calibration factor is introduced to model the effect of uncertainty of field stress on product lifetime. It is useful when the field performance of a new product needs to be inferred from its accelerated life test results and this product will be used in the same environment where the field failure data of older products are available. The proposed Bayes approach provides a proper mechanism of fusing information from various sources. The statistical inference procedure is carried out through the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. An example of an electronic device is provided to illustrate the use of the proposed method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the major metabolites of tectorigenin in rat bile by liquid chromatography combined with time‐of‐flight and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Dong , Qi Lian‐Wen , Yang Xiao‐Lin , Huang Wen‐Zhe , Li Ping , Yang Zhong‐Lin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel methodology for the identification of tetorigenin and its metabolites in rat bile has been created using liquid chromatography (LC) combined with time‐of‐flight (TOF) and ion trap multiple mass spectrometry (IT‐MSn). As a means to discriminate amongst unknown organic compounds in complex biological matrices, the proposed methodology relies upon the combination of LC/TOF‐MS to provide accurate mass measurements in generating a molecular formula while benefiting from the complementary structural information provided by the LC/IT‐MSn. In this study, the combined approach has been applied to the metabolic fingerprinting chromatograms of rat bile samples before and after tectorigenin administration. All possible metabolites are investigated based on accurate mass data and isotope function using LC/TOF‐MS and structural confirmation using LC/IT‐MSn. Seven phase II metabolities of tectorigenin in rat bile have been successfully elucidated using this novel LC approach and are being reported for the first time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism study of SO2 elimination from sulfonamides by negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Nan , Liu Pengyuan , Jiang Kezhi , Zhou Yuping , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe elimination of SO2 from deprotonated sulfonamides in the negative ion mode was confirmed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) experiments. For a set of N‐arylbenzenesulfonamides substituted at the para position of the arylamine, the ln([MHSO2]−/[MH]−) values were correlated with the σ substituent constants but, instead of a linear relationship, a bent line was obtained. Analyses of the complex curve led to the identification of two competing routes, which were further investigated by Hartree‐Fock theoretical calculations. Furthermore, collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of deprotonated N‐alkylbenzenesulfonamides containing the CHCHNHSO2 structure yielded a [MH–66]− product ion This characteristic ion could help to distinguish the side‐chain isomers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entrepreneuring as a puzzle: an attempt to its explanation with truncation of subjective probability distribution of prospects
Authors: Deligonul Z. Seyda , Hult G. Tomas M. , Cavusgil S. Tamer 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis research presents entrepreneuring as a puzzle where entrepreneurs venture at a risk‐return level that is worse than that of the private equity index and much worse than the public equity index. Under subjective rationality, we explain this puzzle by the possibility that entrepreneurs configure their outlook by dismissing some possible future performance states. Their forward view reflects a truncated and conditional distribution with overcredence. The unfavorable odds under a nontruncated distribution become very attractive after truncation. Copyright © 2008 Strategic Management Society.
Complexity, a challenge to governance—postscript from a friend
Authors: François Charles 
Published: July 2008

AbstractComplexity shows its unpredictable character through events that occur simultaneously within systems and within the environment of systems. As global determinisms are broken, and as time flows, complexity is repeatedly reconstructed, and broken again. This behaviour makes it necessary to revise our generally authoritative view of governance. It may be replaced by informed and pragmatic concepts within a field where perception, predictability, determinism and manageability play a major and fundamental role. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethics, economics and environmental complexity: the mud flow disaster in East Java
Authors: Muhtada Dani 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe East Java mudflow is one of the greatest governance challenges in Indonesia. Since 29 May 2006 in a district called Sidoarjo, the mudflow has forced thousands of people from their homes and has submerged approximately 600 ha of land (Pohl, 2007, p. 1). The Indonesian government has established a special agency to deal with such a problem—that is Badan Penanggulangan Lumpur Sidoarjo (BPLS—the Body for Tackling Sidoarjo Mudflow). However, no adequate framework and approach have been established along with the formation of this body. This paper suggests using whole‐of‐government and systemic governance approaches to cope with the mudflow disaster in East Java. Whole‐of‐government and systemic governance approaches are considered to be appropriate for addressing the complex problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethics, categories and identity: counting on quantification. Ethnicity in Australian history
Authors: Young Janette 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDrawing on some of van Gigch's (2003) critiques in regard to quantification in the social sciences, this paper explores the notion of ‘98% British’ that has underpinned analysis of migration and ethnicity in Australia. Historical data are used to suggest some alternate pictures and understandings of Australia in the 20th and 21st centuries. These alternate understandings belie the dominant frameworks of policy and analysis to date but begin to suggest alternatives such as the seeking out of peaceable histories in the presence of diversity rather than the predominant focus on conflict. In conclusion the ethical framework developed by C. West Churchman and elaborated on by van Gigch (2006) are employed as tools to consider the moral ramifications of the lack of critique of the ‘98% British’ mythology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical ethics for group decisions in complex situations
Authors: Bausch Ken 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe complexity and rapid pace of social life stress our ability to make sound and timely group decisions. The cult of the all‐wise absolute manager is a relic of the feudal and mechanical ages that works only in routine and not‐too‐complicated situations. The organizational pyramid was satisfactory for the linear pace of the mechanical age, but moves too slowly today. Efforts to get everyone involved and hear all points of view can take so much exertion and time—and produce so little result that managers hesitate to try them and workers/citizens grow weary of them. A rational solution to this bleak situation is a dialogue process that efficiently enlists broad participationandproduces timely results. This paper describes methods for facilitating dialogic decisions as employed in Structured Dialogic Design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposing rhizomatic systems methodology: extending Churchman's pragmatism to post‐structuralism
Authors: Yu Jae Eon , Moon Hyoung Koo , Kim Hyoung Chul 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper seeks to appreciate the significance of Churchman's philosophy and a meta‐theoretical level of an inquiring system, which can be developed from the reflexive learning on participatory action research. Extending Churchman's thought from American pragmatism to post‐structuralism, rhizomatic systems thinking is proposed. Rhizomatic systems methodology is described and demonstrated as an inquiring system, which facilitates the process of problematization within local and contingent contexts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Acid‐Methanol Treatment on the Physicochemical and Structural Characteristics of Cassava and Maize Starches
Authors: Ferrini Luara M. K. , Rocha Thaís S. , Demiate Ivo M. , Franco Célia M. L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhysicochemical, structural and morphological characteristics of maize and cassava starches treated with 0.36% concentrated HCl in anhydrous methanol at 54ºC for 1–8 h were analyzed and compared. Average yield of modified starch was about 97% for both starches. The solubility of the acid‐methanol treated starches increased with temperature and after 3 h of treatment reached 93% for maize starch and 97% for cassava starch at 95ºC. After 8 h of treatment, the average size of the cassava starch granules decreased from 14.9 to 11.1 µm. The action of acid‐methanol on the maize starch was more subtle, reducing the granule average size from 11.8 to 11.3 µm. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the granule surfaces were rough and exfoliated after treatment suggesting exocorrosion that was more evident for cassava starch. From GPC, it was noted that amylose and amylopectin were partially degraded during treatment. Starch crystallinity gradually increased with duration of treatment. The amylose content decreased from 21.4 to 18.8% and from 26.3 to 23.0% and the intrinsic viscosity was reduced from 2.36 to 0.21 and from 1.85 to 0.04 for cassava and maize starches, respectively. The gelatinization temperatures increased whereas pasting viscosities decreased with reaction time, especially for cassava starch. These results suggested that the attack of acid‐methanol, which was more effective on cassava starch granules, occurred preferentially in the amorphous areas located in the granule periphery and composed of amylose and amylopectin.
Low cardiac output to the placenta: an early hemodynamic adaptive mechanism in intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Rizzo G. , Capponi A. , Cavicchioni O. , Vendola M. , Arduini D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveA low combined cardiac output (CCO) to the placenta (placenta/CCO fraction) has been reported in growth‐restricted (IUGR) fetuses, but the temporal sequence of these modifications in relation to other changes in the fetal circulation is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the placenta/CCO fraction in relation to other hemodynamic changes in fetuses at risk of developing IUGR.MethodsWe studied 340 singleton nulliparous pregnancies characterized at 20–24 weeks by abnormal uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) values (> 95th centile). At this gestational age we measured fetal biometry and Doppler waveforms from the umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), ductus venosus (DV), umbilical vein (UV) and outflow tracts of both ventricles. The diameters of the semilunar valves and UV were measured and CCO (left cardiac + right cardiac outputs) and UV blood flow were calculated. The placenta/CCO fraction was calculated as UV flow as a percentage of CCO.ResultsThere were 283 pregnancies with birth weight ≥ 10th centile and normal UA‐PI throughout gestation (Group A), 34 with birth weight < 10th centile and normal UA‐PI throughout gestation (Group B) and 23 with birth weight < 10th centile and abnormal UA‐PI developing later in gestation (Group C). At 20–24 weeks there were no differences among the three groups in fetal biometric parameters, PI values from the UA, MCA and DV, and CCO. UV flow and placenta/CCO fraction were significantly lower in Group C compared with Group A (UV flow delta value = − 1.439, P < 0.0001; placenta/CCO fraction delta value = − 1.74, P < 0.0001) but not in Group B.ConclusionsOur data suggest that, in fetuses developing IUGR secondary to placental compromise, UV flow and placental/CCO fraction are already reduced by 20–24 weeks, and that this reduction occurs earlier than do modifications in fetal size and arterial and venous PI values. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.