bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal management of congenital laryngeal atresia in a preterm infant
Authors: Colnaghi M. , Condo V. , Gagliardi L. , Mirabile L. , Fumagalli M. , Mosca F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLaryngeal atresia is a rare congenital cause of high airway obstruction that can lead to death if not correctly recognized and treated at birth. Postnatal management is difficult and the prognosis is often poor. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of laryngeal atresia in a fetus that was delivered preterm at 29 weeks of gestation. Tracheotomy was performed as an ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) to guarantee patent airway, and laryngotracheoplasty was performed at 22 months of corrected age. A favorable ventilatory and neurodevelopmental outcome was observed at 33 months of age. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissecting the role of dolichol in cell wall assembly in the yeast mutants impaired in early glycosylation reactions
Authors: Orłowski Jacek , Machula Katarzyna , Janik Anna , Zdebska Ewa , Palamarczyk Grazyna 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented that temperature‐sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, impaired in dolichol kinase (Sec59p) or dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase (Dpm1p) activity have an aberrant cell wall composition and ultrastructure. The mutants were oversensitive to Calcofluor white, an agent interacting with the cell wall chitin. In accordance with this, chemical analysis of the cell wall alkali‐insoluble fraction indicated an increased amount of chitin and changes in the quantity of β1,6‐ and β1,3‐glucan in sec59‐1 and dpm1‐6 mutants. In order to unravel the link between the formation of dolichyl phosphate and dolichyl phosphate mannose and the cell wall assembly, we screened a yeast genomic library for a multicopy suppressors of the thermosensitive phenotype. The RER2 and SRT1 genes, encoding cis‐prenyltransferases, were isolated. In addition, the ROT1 gene, encoding protein involved in β1,6‐glucan synthesis (Machi et al., 2004) and protein folding (Takeuchi et al., 2006) acted as a multicopy suppressor of the temperature‐sensitive phenotype of the sec59‐1 mutant. The cell wall of the mutants and of mutants bearing the multicopy suppressors was analysed for carbohydrate and mannoprotein content. We also examined the glycosylation status of the plasma membrane protein Gas1p, a β1,3‐glucan elongase, and the degree of phosphorylation of the Mpk1/Slt2 protein, involved in the cell wall integrity pathway. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The GPI‐anchored Gas and Crh families are fungal antigens
Authors: Arroyo Javier , Sarfati Jaqueline , Baixench Marie Thérése , Ragni Enrico , Guillén Marivi , Rodriguez‐Peña José Manuel , Popolo Laura , Latgé Jean Paul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe cell wall is the first interface between a fungus and its extracellular environment. Glycosyltransferases involved in the formation and dynamic remodelling of the polysaccharide network of the cell wall have recently been identified. The best characterized ones belong to the Gas family, which elongates β(1,3)‐glucans, and to the Crh family, which are involved in the cross‐linking of chitin to β(1,6)‐glucan. All these proteins carry a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In this work, we show that recombinant soluble forms of Gas1–5 and Crh1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their orthologous proteins Gel1‐Gel2 and Crf1 from Aspergillus fumigatus are specifically recognized by antibodies present in the sera of patients with Aspergillus or Candida infections. Quantification of the antibody titres against recombinant Gas/Gel and Crh/Crf proteins separated aspergilloma and candidiasis patients from non‐infected individuals. Cross‐reactivity was seen between the antibody response of patients with aspergillosis and candidiasis towards the Gas/Gel and Crh/Crf proteins. These results suggest that GPI‐anchored cross‐linking enzymes are relevant immunologically reactive constituents of the cell wall that may play a role during human fungal infections. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of the detergency value of a series of alkylbenzene sulfonates by ultrasonic technique
Authors: Ludeman Helen A. , Balog John A. , Sherrill J. C. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe soil removal efficiency of 17 sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates having alkyl residues ranging from six‐ to 18‐carbon atoms, which have been synthesized and purified especially for this work, has been described. Evaluation has been accomplished by means of an ultrasonic cone transducer capable of producing mechanical action of a very highly reproducible character and at a measurable rate of expenditure of energy. Compounds having straight‐chain alkyl residues produce generally greater detergency efficiency than the branch chain homolog. Detergent character becomes pronounced at about 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue, but detergency is diminished above about 14 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group because of reduced solubility.
Nutritional properties of the triglycerides of saturated fatty acids of medium chain‐length
Authors: Kaunitz Hans , Slanetz Charles A. , Johnson Ruth Ellen , Babayan Vigen K. , Barsky George 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe influence of a purified rat diet containing 20 or 33% of the saturated medium chain‐length triglycerides (MCT) with and without linoleic acid supplements on growth, caloric requirements for weight maintenance and weight increase, fertility, lactation performance, and serum cholesterol levels was compared with that of similar diets containing lard, coconut oil, or no fat.Among male rats maintained on diets containing 20% lard or 20% MCT and .09% linoleic acid for 18 months no differences were observed between the groups other than the depressed body weight and lowered serum cholesterol levels of the group fed MCT. When groups of male rats were kept at constant weight by the daily restricted feeding of diets containing lard, MCT, or coconut oil or no fat plus 2% linoleic acid, the weight‐maintenance requirements of the group fed MCT were higher than of those on lard and coconut oil and even somewhat higher than the requirements of the animals fed the fat‐free diet. The requirements for weight increase over those for maintenance were 0.9 g. per gram increase for all diets. Additional linoleic acid in the MCT diet decreased the weight and maintenance differences between groups fed MCT and lard.The lactation performance of mothers on MCT plus .09% linoleic acid was poor. The second generation animals initially showed signs of more severe linoleic acid deficiency which however disaappeared without linoleic acid supplements.Some cholesterol levels of animals on MCT were significantly below those of groups on lard. Addition of linoleic acid to the MCT diet did not change the results.
The influence of autoxidation on the chemical assay of cholesterol
Authors: Norcia L. N. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryCholesterol purifiedvia the dibromide has been compared with two commercial preparations for use as standard materials for assay of cholesterol in biological materials. It is concluded that determination of the specific extinction coefficient, following application of the Liebermann‐Burchard reaction under specified conditions, is sufficient to ascertain adequacy of a sample of cholesterol for use as a standard.Autoxidation of cholesterol by aeration in colloidal aqueous suspension resulted in losses of assay of cholesterol by the Schoenheimer‐Sperry procedure which were roughly equal in amount to the percentage of conversion of cholesterol to diols and ketone. Assay of the same material by the Liebermann‐Burchard reaction alone resulted in no apparent losses through autoxidation. Cholesterol was not autoxidized by refluxing in ethanol‐ether in the presence of corn oil.
Direct determination of saturated fatty acids in fats, oils, and methyl esters
Authors: Kuemmel D. F. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryA direct gravimetric method has been developed for the determination of saturated fatty acids in fats, oils, and methyl esters. The procedure involves methanolysis of the triglycerides to produce methyl esters, followed by oxidation of the unsaturated methyl esters by potassium permanganate. The undesired, acidic oxidation products are removed by alkaline washing and the saturated methyl esters thus isolated are weighed directly.The method is intended for the determination of saturated fatty acids having C16 or longer carbon chains. Small quantities of C14 saturated acids will be included in the determination if present with other higher saturated acids. The method is applicable to both natural and hydrogenated vegetable oils. It is not applicable to oils containing large amounts of C14 and lower saturated acids.Concentrations of saturated acids ranging from 3 to 90% in known glyceride mixtures and from 0.3 to 95% in mixtures of methyl esters were determined with an average difference from the calculated value of 0.8%. Replicate determinations on samples in the 10 to 30% saturates range gave a standard deviation of 0.3 to 0.4%.
The behavior of distilled monoglycerides in the presence of water
Authors: Brokaw G. Y. , Lyman W. C. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryWhen concentrated monoglycerides (such as distilled products) are heated to about their melting point with water, a gel is formed. The exact temperature of gelation is dependent upon molecular weight of the fatty acid (monolaurin does not gel, but monopalmitin does) and upon the the purity of the monoglyceride.Additives can prevent gelation, with triglycerides (15% to 20% required) about twice as effective as diglycerides (30% to 40% required). Highly hydrophilic co‐emulsifiers prevent gelation, resulting in one of three types of emulsions, at least two of which are thixotropic.Water is partially soluble in monoglycerides and in monoglyceride containing blends. By this technique many water‐soluble materials can be incorporated into an oil solution.
Litter dynamics and its effects on the survival of Castanopsis sieboldii seedlings in a subtropical forest in southern Japan
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiro , Narikawa Akiyoshi , Shimatani Kenichiro 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBased on direct field measurement, this study quantitatively estimated the litter dynamics on the forest floor for a 1‐year‐period and then investigated its influence on the seedling dynamics of Castanopsis sieboldii, as well as interactions with adults in a subtropical forest in southern Japan. Litter dynamics is composed of three major components: falling litter, transport, and decomposition on the forest floor. Litterfall was measured by litter traps and did not exhibit clear spatial tendency. Lateral input was assessed by newly accumulated litter beneath the traps and showed no spatial variation, either. In contrast, lateral output of litter, which was quantified from disappearance of artificial litter, was correlated with local topography. Consequently, we found considerable spatial variations and seasonal changes in litter dynamics on the forest floor. In addition, we constructed survival models of C. sieboldii seedlings at the individual level. The lateral movement of accumulated litter had an influence on the survival of seedlings, which mostly occurred in periods of typhoons with heavy rain. Meanwhile, the distance from canopy trees, which is assumed to be a spacing mechanism due to seedling/adult interactions, played a lesser role in this subtropical forest. Our results suggest that the stability of accumulated litter on the forest floor was a predominant factor in the spatial dynamics of the early life stage of C. sieboldii.
YC‐1 attenuates LPS‐induced proinflammatory responses and activation of nuclear factor‐κB in microglia
Authors: Lu D‐Y , Tang C‐H , Liou H‐C , Teng C‐M , Jeng K‐Cg , Kuo S‐C , Lee F‐Y , Fu W‐M 
Published: April 2007

Background and purpose:An inflammatory response in the central nervous system mediated by the activation of microglia is a key event in the early stages of the development of neurodegenerative diseases. LPS has been reported to cause marked microglia activation. It is very important to develop drugs that can inhibit microglia activation and neuroinflammation. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of YC‐1, a known activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, against LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in microglia.Experimental approach:To understand the inhibitory effects of YC‐1 on LPS‐induced neuroinflammation, primary cultures of rat microglia and the microglia cell line BV‐2 were used. To examine the mechanism of action of YC‐1, LPS‐induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, iNOS, COX‐2 and cytokine expression were analyzed by Griess reaction, ELISA, Western blotting and RT‐PCR, respectively. The effect of YC‐1 on LPS‐induced activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) was studied by NF‐κB reporter assay and immunofluorocytochemistry.Key results:YC‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced production of NO and PGE2 in a concentration‐dependent manner. The protein and mRNA expression of iNOS and COX‐2 in response to LPS application were also decreased by YC‐1. In addition, YC‐1 effectively reduced LPS‐induced expression of the mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF‐α and IL‐1β. Furthermore, YC‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation in microglia.Conclusions and implications:YC‐1 was able to inhibit LPS‐induced iNOS and COX‐2 expression and NF‐κB activation, indicating that YC‐1 may be developed as an anti‐inflammatory neuroprotective agent.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 151, 396–405; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707187
Protein Interactions Captured by Chemical Cross-linking: Simple Cross-linking Screen Using Sulfo-MBS
Authors: Nadeau Owen W. , Carlson Gerald M. 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a method for chemical cross-linking of proteins using sulfo-MBS (m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfo-succinimide ester). Optimal conditions for cross-linking can be determined rapidly for a fixed concentration of a protein complex by varying the time of cross-linking, pH of the reaction, and concentration of sulfo-MBS. Typically, these screens require only small amounts of target proteins and can be carried out in less than a day.
Collection, Dechorionation, and Preparation of Drosophila Embryos for Quantitative Microinjection: Figure 1.
Authors: Kiehart Daniel P. , Crawford Janice M. , Montague Ruth A. 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONThe quantitative microinjection of drugs, antibodies, toxins, and manipulated RNAs and proteins into Drosophila embryos--the “pharmacological approach”--provides a unique opportunity to analyze cellular functions in the developing embryo, and provides spatial and temporal resolution that is not readily available through genetic studies. These studies require that the observed effects reflect a dose-response relationship so that the data can be accurately interpreted. Thus, these microinjection approaches require a more refined strategy for handling embryos, and the use of appropriately designed chambers to mount and observe the embryos greatly facilitates analysis of the biological response to a given injected material. This protocol outlines the procedures for collection and preparation of Drosophila embryos for quantitative microinjection.
Staining Proteins in Gels with Coomassie Blue
Authors: Simpson Richard J. 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONThe most commonly used dye for visualizing proteins in SDS-PAGE gels is Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250 (CBR-250) because of its relatively high sensitivity. This protocol describes the standard CBR-250 staining method, along with a simple method for preparing stained gels for long-term storage.
Staining Frozen Mouse Embryo Sections for β-Galactosidase (lacZ) Activity
Authors: Nagy Andras , Gertsenstein Marina , Vintersten Kristina , Behringer Richard 
Published: April 2007

INTRODUCTIONFrozen mouse embryo sections are stained for β-galactosidase (lacZ) activity using X-gal followed by counterstaining with Orange G.
Expatriates and corporate‐level international strategy: governing with the knowledge contract
Authors: Connelly Brian , Hitt Michael A. , DeNisi Angelo S. , Duane Ireland R. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper proposes a methodology for governing expatriate assignments in the context of corporate‐level objectives.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken is to envisage expatriate managerial assignments within the theoretical framework of agency theory and the knowledge‐based view of the firm. The paper begins with the view that knowledge acquisition and integration is a primary goal for most expatriate assignments. The relationship between expatriate managers and multinational corporation (MNC) headquarters from an agency perspective are considered and the notion of a “knowledge contract” as a means of governing that relationship is discussed. Four corporate‐level international strategies available to MNCs (global, international, transnational, and multidomestic) are then examined and the extent of agency problems under each strategy is discussed.FindingsThe paper makes specific predictions about the type of knowledge contract that is most likely to address agency problems for each corporate strategy.Originality/valueThis research extends agency theory by introducing the knowledge contract as a means of managing agency concerns. This offers a broader range of contract alternatives, moving researchers beyond traditional agency theoretic prescriptions. The research also contributes to the literature on expatriate management by integrating assignment success with research on corporate‐level international strategy. Few authors have recognized organizational strategy as an important unit of study in international human resource management. Doing so, however, has yielded a unique set of contingency relationships that would otherwise be obscured.
Strategizing through the capability lens: sources and outcomes of integration
Authors: Bitar Jad , Hafsi Taïeb 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the concept of capabilities and where they come from as well as their impact on integration and performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is presented in the form of a theoretical development and literature review.FindingsThis paper proposes a theory of capability development and discusses the conditions under which a capability is effective. In particular, for a capability to be effective both local and global coherence are required. But a capability effectiveness and coherence has an inverted U shape. It increases with coherence up to a certain threshold then decreases. As a result, the development of capability is a powerful integration mechanism that crosses levels and functions.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a theoretical paper; the propositions offered have still to be empirically tested.Practical implicationsOpening up the capability black box might help managers better grasp how to develop and shape organizational capabilities that are deemed to contribute to competitive advantage (e.g. the pricing capability). First, capabilities are not to be equated with competitive advantage. They may lead to a competitive advantage only where the context is favorable. Thus consistency with the environment challenges is an important factor to watch. This suggests that managers should give attention to the relationships between what they perceive to be their capabilities and the nature of the challenges faced by the organization. Further this research might promote the development of tools to measure coherence within a context and manage appropriate levels of dissent to trigger the re‐shaping of existing capabilities or the emergence of new one.Originality/valueThe paper bridges highly theoretical questions with practical considerations.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering for identification of organic pigments and dyes in works of art and cultural heritage material
Authors: Chen Kui , Leona Marco , Vo‐Dinh Tuan 
Published: April 2007

PurposeIdentification and characterization of organic pigments and dyes used in works of art and cultural heritage material such as prints, drawings, manuscripts, paintings, and textiles can provide important information for dating, authentication, and conservation treatment of these objects and studying art history in general. Applications of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for this purpose have recently attracted increasing attention of both academic scientists and museum researchers. This paper aims to review the latest development involving the emerging applications of SERS for the analysis of organic pigments and dyes used in works of art and cultural heritage material.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the importance of organic pigments and dyes in the studies of works of art and cultural heritage material and the challenges in their identification and characterization are briefly summarized. This is followed by a discussion on sampling considerations in the context of art and archaeology. Then the fundamental principle of SERS, SERS instrumentation and different types of SERS substrates are reviewed. Finally, selected examples of SERS applications to the identification of organic pigments and dyes, including the analysis of a couple of samples of artistic and archaeological interest, are presented and discussed.FindingsThe last few years have witnessed the emergence of SERS as a non‐destructive or micro‐destructive technique for the characterization of organic pigments and dyes found in artistic and archaeological objects. Spectroscopic and microscopic measurements using SERS have provided some novel information and answers to a wide variety of questions. However, SERS application to the field of art and archaeology is still in the fledging stage of development and requires closer collaboration between academic scientists and museum researchers. But the range of possible applications is broad. Future trends point to a strong need for the development of portable instruments for field applications.Originality/valueBy compiling this review, the authors hope to direct more attention toward SERS and bring together the expertise in the scientific, museum and art community to further explore the possibilities of SERS in rapid and direct identification of pigments and dyes under field conditions.
Inertial sensors for motion detection of human upper limbs
Authors: Zhou Huiyu , Hu Huosheng 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to present an inertial motion tracking system for monitoring movements of human upper limbs in order to support a home‐based rehabilitation scheme in which the recovery of stroke patients' motor function through repetitive exercises needs to be continuously monitored and appropriately evaluated.Design/methodology/approachTwo inertial sensors are placed on the upper and lower arms in order to obtain acceleration and turning rates. Then the position of the upper limbs can be deduced by using the kinematical model of the upper limbs that was designed in the previous paper. The tracking system starts from inertial data acquisition and pre‐filtering, followed by a number of processes such as transformation of coordinate systems of sensor data, and kinematical modelling and optimization of position estimation.FindingsThe motion detector using the proposed kinematic model only has drifts in the measurements. Fusion of acceleration and orientation data can effectively solve the drift problem without the involvement of a Kalman filter.Research limitations/implicationsThe image rendering is not undertaken when the data sampling is performed. This non‐synchronization is applied in order to avoid the breaks in the continuous sampling.Originality/valueThis new motion detector can work in different environments without significant drifts. Also, this system only deploys two inertial sensors but is able to estimate the position of the wrist, elbow and shoulder joints.