bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Cotton Textile Design: Addressing Temperature and Moisture Challenges
Authors: Basyigit Zeynep Omerogullari , Kuyucak Cemre Nur , Coskun Hatice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to alleviate discomfort arising from fluctuations in heat and humidity due to environmental and personal factors, aiming to develop functional textiles capable of effectively responding to these changes. To achieve this, systematic pattern designs were implemented on 100% cotton woven fabrics, incorporating hydrophobic characteristics through the application of a water-repellent agent to specific areas. The resulting compatibility of these hydrophobic features with hydrophilic elements endowed the fabrics with moisture management properties. Furthermore, the introduction of a phase-changing material agent to these fabrics imparted heat management capabilities. The rotation printing technique was employed to seamlessly transfer these agents onto the fabric. In assessing the durability of woven fabrics featuring distinct functionalities, a comprehensive examination was conducted, subjecting them to 30 repeated wash cycles within a single process step. The morphological structures of the fabrics produced were meticulously analyzed using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), SEM–EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray analysis) while their chemical compositions were scrutinized through FTIR–ATR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance). Additionally, a battery of tests, including physical, chemical, liquid absorption, liquid transfer assessments, and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analyses, were conducted in accordance with relevant standards. The outcomes of this study demonstrated that the fabrics not only met the criteria of the TS 866 standard, particularly with regard to a rapid response time of less than 10 s, but also exhibited resilience to repeated washings, affirming the enduring efficacy of the incorporated functionalities. According to tearing strength results, slight increase was also observed in treated cotton fabrics.
Recovery and Quantification of Norovirus in Air Samples from Experimentally Produced Aerosols
Authors: Rupprom Kitwadee , Thongpanich Yuwanda , Sukkham Woravat , Utrarachkij Fuangfa , Kittigul Leera 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNorovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans across all age groups worldwide. Norovirus-infected patients can produce aerosolized droplets which play a role in gastroenteritis transmission. The study aimed to assess bioaerosol sampling in combination with a virus concentrating procedure to facilitate molecular detection of norovirus genogroup (G) II from experimentally contaminated aerosols. Using a nebulizer within an experimental chamber, aerosols of norovirus GII were generated at known concentrations. Air samples were then collected in both 5 mL and 20 mL water using the SKC BioSampler at a flow rate of 12.5 L/min, 15 min. Subsequently, the virus in collected water was concentrated using speedVac centrifugation and quantified by RT-qPCR. The optimal distances between the nebulizer and the SKC BioSampler yielded high recoveries of the virus for both 5 and 20 mL collections. Following nebulization, norovirus GII RNA was detectable up to 120 min in 5 mL and up to 240 min in 20 mL collection. The concentrations of norovirus GII RNA recovered from air samples in the aerosol chamber ranged from 102 to 105 genome copies/mL, with average recoveries of 25 ± 12% for 5 mL and 22 ± 19% for 20 mL collections. These findings provide quantitative data on norovirus GII in aerosols and introduce a novel virus concentrating method for aerosol collection in water, thus enhancing surveillance of this virus.
Plastics in the environment in the context of UV radiation, climate change and the Montreal Protocol: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2023
Authors: Jansen Marcel A. K. , Andrady Anthony L. , Bornman Janet F. , Aucamp Pieter J. , Bais Alkiviadis F. , Banaszak Anastazia T. , Barnes Paul W. , Bernhard Germar H. , Bruckman Laura S. , Busquets Rosa , Häder Donat-P. , Hanson Mark L. , Heikkilä Anu M. , Hylander Samuel , Lucas Robyn M. , Mackenzie Roy , Madronich Sasha , Neale Patrick J. , Neale Rachel E. , Olsen Catherine M. , Ossola Rachele , Pandey Krishna K. , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Revell Laura E. , Robinson Sharon A. , Robson T. Matthew , Rose Kevin C. , Solomon Keith R. , Andersen Mads P. Sulbæk , Sulzberger Barbara , Wallington Timothy J. , Wang Qing-Wei , Wängberg Sten-Åke , White Christopher C. , Young Antony R. , Zepp Richard G. , Zhu Liping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of solar UV radiation, global warming, and other weathering factors on plastics. The Assessment illustrates the significance of solar UV radiation in decreasing the durability of plastic materials, degradation of plastic debris, formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles and accompanying leaching of potential toxic compounds. Micro- and nanoplastics have been found in all ecosystems, the atmosphere, and in humans. While the potential biological risks are not yet well-established, the widespread and increasing occurrence of plastic pollution is reason for continuing research and monitoring. Plastic debris persists after its intended life in soils, water bodies and the atmosphere as well as in living organisms. To counteract accumulation of plastics in the environment, the lifetime of novel plastics or plastic alternatives should better match the functional life of products, with eventual breakdown releasing harmless substances to the environment.
Applying a Genetic Algorithm to Implement the Fuzzy-MACBETH Method in Decision-Making Processes
Authors: Bastos Tatiane Roldão , Longaray André Andrade , dos Santos Machado Catia Maria , Ensslin Leonardo , Ensslin Sandra Rolim , Dutra Ademar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper describes the development of an evolutionary algorithm for building cardinal scales based on the Fuzzy-MACBETH method. This method uses a triangular fuzzy numbers scale in the MACBETH method to incorporate the subjectivity of a semantic scale into mathematical modeling, which enables circumventing the cardinal inconsistency problem of the classical method, facilitating its application in complex contexts. A genetic algorithm is used in the fuzzy system developed here to build the basic fuzzy scale in a cardinally inconsistent decision matrix. The proposed technique is inspired by crossover and mutation genetic operations to explore potential solutions and obtain a cardinal scale aligned with the decision maker’s preferences. Finally, an illustrative example of the application of the proposed decision support system is presented. The results confirm that the FGA-MACBETH method aligns with the classical method. This study’s primary contribution is that circumventing the problem of cardinal inconsistency in a semantically consistent decision matrix enabled obtaining a cardinal scale without requiring the decision maker to redo his/her initial assessments.
It's time we put agency into Behavioural Public Policy
Authors: Banerjee Sanchayan , Grüne-Yanoff Till , John Peter , Moseley Alice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPromoting agency – people's ability to form intentions and to act on them freely – must become a primary objective for Behavioural Public Policy (BPP). Contemporary BPPs do not directly pursue this objective, which is problematic for many reasons. From an ethical perspective, goals like personal autonomy and individual freedom cannot be realised without nurturing citizens’ agency. From an efficacy standpoint, BPPs that override agency – for example, by activating automatic psychological processes – leave citizens ‘in the dark’, incapable of internalising and owning the process of behaviour change. This may contribute to non-persistent treatment effects, compensatory negative spillovers or psychological reactance and backfiring effects. In this paper, we argue agency-enhancing BPPs can alleviate these ethical and efficacy limitations to longer-lasting and meaningful behaviour change. We set out philosophical arguments to help us understand and conceptualise agency. Then, we review three alternative agency-enhancing behavioural frameworks: (1) boosts to enhance people's competences to make better decisions; (2) debiasing to encourage people to reduce the tendency for automatic, impulsive responses; and (3) nudge+ to enable citizens to think alongside nudges and evaluate them transparently. Using a multi-dimensional framework, we highlight differences in their workings, which offer comparative insights and complementarities in their use. We discuss limitations of agency-enhancing BPPs and map out future research directions.
Incorporating Immigrants into Canadian Politics: An Experiment on the Effects of Attentiveness to Elections in the Country of Origin
Authors: McCann James A. , Rapoport Ronald B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, Canada and other democracies have experienced a significant rise in migrant settlement. This has sparked much interest among scholars and policy makers in the forces that encourage or impede the political incorporation of newcomers. In this research note, we consider a factor that has received relatively little scrutiny, the impact of immigrants’ attention to native-country politics on willingness to participate in residential-country elections and affiliate with a political party in that country. We examine this through an original survey of Americans in Canada conducted during the 2020 US election cycle. A randomized experiment demonstrates that directing the attention of American emigrants to US campaigns can lower interest in Canadian elections and weaken attachments to a Canadian political party, particularly for those who are less integrated into Canadian society. These findings point to a potential tension between political engagement as an emigrant versus as an immigrant.
The Political Economy of Status Competition: Sumptuary Laws in Preindustrial Europe
Authors: Desierto Desiree , Koyama Mark 
Published: March 2024

Sumptuary laws that regulated clothing based on social status were an important part of the political economy of premodern states. We introduce a model that captures the notion that consumption by ordinary citizens poses a status threat to ruling elites. Our model predicts a non-monotonic effect of income—sumptuary legislation initially increases with income, but then falls as income increases further. The initial rise is more likely for states with less extractive institutions, whose ruling elites face a greater status threat from the rising commercial class. We test these predictions using a new dataset of country and city-level sumptuary laws.It is unfortunately an established fact that both men and womenfolk have, in utterly irresponsible manner, driven extravagance in dress and new styles to such shameful and wanton extremes that the different classes are barely to be known apart.
—Nuremberg Ordnance of 1657, Quoted in Hunt (1996)
The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern in childhood in relation to cardiometabolic risk in adolescence and early adulthood in the ALSPAC birth cohort
Authors: Loizou Panayiotis , Taylor Caroline M , Buckland Genevieve 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To investigate the relationship between the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style dietary patterns in childhood and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence/early adulthood.

Design:
Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort. Diet diary data collected at 7, 10 and 13 years were used to calculate DASH-style diet scores (DDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between the DDS at 7, 10 and 13 years and CMR scores, calculated at 17 and 24 years.

Setting:
The ALSPAC cohort included children born in south-west England in 1991–1992.

Participants:
Children with complete dietary, covariate and cardiometabolic data at 17 (n 1,526) and 24 years (n 1,524).

Results:
A higher DDS at 7 and 10 years was negatively associated with CMR scores at 17 years (β = –0·64 (95 % CI –1·27, –0·006), Ptrend=0·027 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = –0·73 (95 % CI –1·35, –0·12) and Ptrend=0·037 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years) and at 24 years (β = –0·92 (95 % CI –1·49, –0·34) Ptrend = 0·001 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = –0·60 (95 % CI –1·20, –0·05) Ptrend = 0·092 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years). No associations were found between the DDS at 13 years and CMR score at 17 and 24 years.

Conclusion:
Greater adherence with a DASH-style diet during childhood was associated with better cardiometabolic health in adolescence/adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. The components of the DASH diet could be recommended to improve children’s cardiometabolic health.
Mechanistic Constraints on the Drivers of Southern Ocean Meridional Iron Distributions Between Tasmania and Antarctica
Authors: Traill Christopher D. , Conde‐Pardo Paula , Rohr Tyler , van der Merwe Pier , Townsend Ashley T. , Latour Pauline , Gault‐Ringold Melanie , Wuttig Kathrin , Corkill Matthew , Holmes Thomas M. , Warner Mark J. , Shadwick Elizabeth , Bowie Andrew R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile modeling efforts have furthered our understanding of marine iron biogeochemistry and its influence on carbon sequestration, observations of dissolved iron (dFe) and its relationship to physical, chemical and biological processes in the ocean are needed to both validate and inform model parameterization. Where iron comes from, how it is transported and recycled, and where iron removal takes place are critical mechanisms that need to be understood to assess the relationship between iron availability and primary production. To this end, hydrographic and trace metal observations across the GO‐SHIP section SR3, south of Tasmania, Australia, have been analyzed in tandem with the novel application of an optimum multiparameter analysis. From the trace‐metal distribution south of Australia, key differences in the drivers of dFe between oceanographic zones of the Southern Ocean were identified. In the subtropical zone, sources of dFe were attributed to waters advected off the continental shelf, and to recirculated modified mode and intermediate water‐masses of the Tasman Outflow. In the subantarctic zone, the seasonal replenishment of dFe in Antarctic surface and mode waters appears to be sustained by iron recycling in the underlying mode and intermediate waters. In the southern zone, the dFe distribution is likely driven by dissolution and scavenging by high concentrations of particles along the Antarctic continental shelf and slope entrained in high salinity shelf water. This approach to trace metal analysis may prove useful in future transects for identifying key mechanisms driving marine dissolved trace metal distributions.
Northwestern Mediterranean Heavy Precipitation Events in a Warmer Climate: Robust Versus Uncertain Changes With a Large Convection‐Permitting Model Ensemble
Authors: Caillaud Cécile , Somot Samuel , Douville Hervé , Alias Antoinette , Bastin Sophie , Brienen Susanne , Demory Marie‐Estelle , Dobler Andreas , Feldmann Hendrik , Frisius Thomas , Goergen Klaus , Kendon Elizabeth J. , Keuler Klaus , Lenderink Geert , Mercogliano Paola , Pichelli Emanuela , Soares Pedro M. M. , Tölle Merja H. , de Vries Hylke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTaking advantage of a large ensemble of Convection Permitting‐Regional Climate Models on a pan‐Alpine domain and of an object‐oriented dedicated analysis, this study aims to investigate future changes in high‐impact fall Mediterranean Heavy Precipitation Events at high warming levels. We identify a robust multi‐model agreement for an increased frequency from central Italy to the northern Balkans combined with a substantial extension of the affected areas, for a dominant influence of the driving Global Climate Models for projecting changes in the frequency, and for an increase in intensity, area, volume and severity over the French Mediterranean. However, large quantitative uncertainties persist despite the use of convection‐permitting models, with no clear agreement in frequency changes over southeastern France and a large range of plausible changes in events' properties, including for the most intense events. Model diversity and international coordination are still needed to provide policy‐relevant climate information regarding precipitation extremes.
Effects of Balanced Motions and Unbalanced Internal Waves on Steric Height in the Mid‐Latitude Ocean
Authors: Zhang Xiujie , Yu Xiaolong , Ponte Aurélien L. , Gong Wenping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe baroclinic component of the sea surface height, referred to as steric height, is governed by geostrophically balanced motions and unbalanced internal waves, and thus is an essential indicator of ocean interior dynamics. Using yearlong measurements from a mooring array, we assess the distribution of upper‐ocean steric height across frequencies and spatial scales of O (1–20 km) in the northeast Atlantic. Temporal decomposition indicates that the two largest contributors to steric height variance are large‐scale atmospheric forcing (32.8%) and mesoscale eddies (34.1%), followed by submesoscale motions (15.2%), semidiurnal internal tides (8%), super‐tidal variability (6.1%) and near‐inertial motions (3.8%). Structure function diagnostics further reveal the seasonality and scale dependence of steric height variance. In winter, steric height is dominated by balanced motions across all resolved scales, whereas in summer, unbalanced internal waves become the leading‐order contributor to steric height at scales of O (1 km).
Dynamical Constraint on Precipitation Biases Over the Indo‐Pacific Region During Boreal Summer in AMIP6 Models
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Xie Shang‐Ping , Seager Richard , Zhao Siyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate models suffer from longstanding precipitation biases, much of which has been attributed to their atmospheric component owing to unrealistic parameterizations. Here we investigate precipitation biases in 37 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (AMIP6) models, focusing on the Indo‐Pacific region during boreal summer. These models remain plagued by considerable precipitation biases, especially over regions of strong precipitation. In particular, 22 models overestimate the Asian‐Pacific monsoon precipitation, while 28 models underestimate the southern Indian Ocean Intertropical Convergence Zone precipitation. The inter‐model spread in summer precipitation is decomposed into Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs). The leading EOF mode features an anomalous anticyclone circulation spanning the Indo‐northwest Pacific oceans, which we show is energized by barotropic conversion from the confluence of the background monsoonal westerlies and trade‐wind easterlies. Our results suggest precipitation biases in atmospheric models, though caused by unrealistic parameterizations, are organized by dynamical feedbacks of the mean flow.
Stable Isotopes Constrain Water Seepage From Gnammas Into Bare Granitic Bedrock
Authors: Albrigtsen J. O. , Wing B. A. , Glade R. C. , Anderson R. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubtle bedrock depressions called gnammas allow the water in ephemeral pools to maintain contact with bare rock, thus serving as natural rock‐weathering experiments. Following filling by precipitation, evaporation is often assumed to be the sole process of water loss from gnammas. We evaluated this assumption by monitoring evolving stable isotope compositions of gnamma waters hosted in granite of Colorado's Front Range. Surprisingly, we found that a significant fraction of the water was lost by seepage through the underlying bedrock. Seepage dominated, with only 10%–20% loss by evaporation. We propose a conceptual model of gnamma formation in which enhanced weathering of the bedrock beneath the gnamma increases the water holding capacity and permeability of the underlying rock that in turn promotes efficient water loss through seepage and further weathering of the surrounding rock. This model has implications for bare‐rock weathering and hence the evolution of landscapes over geologic timescales.
Changes in the Climate System Dominate Inter‐Annual Variability in Flooding Across the Globe
Authors: Kim Hanbeen , Villarini Gabriele , Wasko Conrad , Tramblay Yves 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtreme flood events have regional differences in their generating mechanisms due to the complex interaction of different climate and catchment processes. This study aims to examine the capability of climate drivers to capture year‐to‐year variability in global flood extremes. Here, we use a statistical attribution approach to model seasonal and annual maximum daily discharge for 7,886 stations worldwide, using season‐ and basin‐averaged precipitation and temperature as predictors. The results show robust performance of our seasonal climate‐informed models in describing the inter‐annual variability in seasonal and annual maximum discharges regardless of the geographical region, climate type, basin size, degree of regulation, and impervious area. The developed models enable the assessment of the sensitivity of flood discharge to precipitation and temperature changes, indicating their potential to reliably project changes in the magnitude of flood extremes.
Statistical Properties of Pc4‐5 ULF Waves in Plasmaspheric Plumes
Authors: Lu Zhaoyang , Li Jingchun , Zhang Shuai , Degeling Alexander W. , Shen Chao , Dong Jiaqi , Shi Quanqi , Tian Anmin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUltra‐low‐frequency (ULF) waves emerge as pivotal factors in elucidating the mechanisms that drive the intricate dynamics of radiation belt electrons within the plasmasphere and plasmaspheric plumes. Utilizing THEMIS data from September 2012 to September 2017, we conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis of Pc4‐5 ULF waves within and outside the plasmaspheric plume. Our findings reveal a distinctive dawn‐dusk asymmetry in occurrence rate and wave power of poloidal mode waves in the absence of the plume, resembling the toroidal mode asymmetry observed. Poloidal mode waves exhibit a higher likelihood of formation within the plume, while the toroidal mode waves show the opposite trend, contributing to the elevated dusk‐side occurrence rate of poloidal mode waves. Moreover, both wave modes within the plume demonstrate lower peak frequencies compared to waves outside the plume. The global distribution of wave power within the plume suggests higher power at noon than on the dusk side.
A multicolor suite for deciphering population coding of calcium and cAMP in vivo
Authors: Yokoyama Tatsushi , Manita Satoshi , Uwamori Hiroyuki , Tajiri Mio , Imayoshi Itaru , Yagishita Sho , Murayama Masanori , Kitamura Kazuo , Sakamoto Masayuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractcAMP is a universal second messenger regulated by various upstream pathways including Ca2+ and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). To decipher in vivo cAMP dynamics, we rationally designed cAMPinG1, a sensitive genetically encoded green cAMP indicator that outperformed its predecessors in both dynamic range and cAMP affinity. Two-photon cAMPinG1 imaging detected cAMP transients in the somata and dendritic spines of neurons in the mouse visual cortex on the order of tens of seconds. In addition, multicolor imaging with a sensitive red Ca2+ indicator RCaMP3 allowed simultaneous measurement of population patterns in Ca2+ and cAMP in hundreds of neurons. We found Ca2+-related cAMP responses that represented specific information, such as direction selectivity in vision and locomotion, as well as GPCR-related cAMP responses. Overall, our multicolor suite will facilitate analysis of the interaction between the Ca2+, GPCR and cAMP signaling at single-cell resolution both in vitro and in vivo.