bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome after first relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A population‐based study of 315 patients from the nordic society of pediatric hematology and oncology (NOPHO)
Authors: Schroeder H. , Garwicz S. , Kristinsson J. , Siimes M. A. , Wesenberg F. , Gustafsson G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study reports the outcome after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in a population‐based study of 809 children over 1 year of age diagnosed July 1981 through June 1986 and with non‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the five Nordic countries. By January 1994, 315 children had suffered at least one relapse. The bone marrow was involved in 216 cases. There were 69 isolated CNS relapses, 25 isolated testicular recurrences and five relapses in other extramedullary sites.Of the 315 children with relapse, 94 are still in a second complete remission 12–138 (median: 78) months after relapse. The overall probability of a second event free survival (P‐2.EFS) and survival after relapse was 0.28 and 0.33 respectively. The probability of remaining in second remission at 11 years was significantly correlated to the duration of first remission (P< 0.001), the site of relapse (P< 0.001) and gender (P= 0.004). TheP‐2.EFS for early, intermediate, and late bone marrow involved relapses were 0.08, 0.19, and 0.50 respectively. For early, intermediate and late isolated CNS relapses theP‐2.EFS were 0.21, 0.38 and 0.61, respectively.TheP‐2.EFS for boys with isolated testicular relapses was 0.69. Girls with isolated CNS relapse (P< 0.001) and with bone marrow involved relapse (P= 0.04) had a significantly better prognosis than boys.Children with initial high risk criteria, especially T‐ALL and mediastinal mass who relapsed, had a very poor prognosis. Conclusion: In this population‐based study, about 30% of children with ALL obtained a long second remission and possible cure. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gradient crystal plasticity as part of the computational modelling of polycrystals
Authors: Ekh M. , Grymer M. , Runesson K. , Svedberg T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes how gradient hardening can, in a thermodynamically consistent fashion, be included into a crystal plasticity model. By assuming that the inelastic part of the free energy includes contributions from the gradient of hardening along each slip direction, a hardening stress due to the second derivative of the hardening along each slip direction can be derived. For a finite element model of the grain structure a coupled problem with displacements and gradient hardening variables as degrees of freedom is thereby obtained. This problem is solved using a dual mixed approach. In particular, an algorithm suitable for parallelization is presented, where each grain is treated as a subproblem. The numerical results show that the macroscopic strength increases with decreasing grain size as a result of gradient hardening. Finally, the results of different prolongation assumptions, i.e. how to impose the macroscopic deformation gradient on a representative volume element, are compared. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of lipid oxidation‐induced oxidation of porcine and bovine oxymyoglobins
Authors: Suman Surendranath P. , Faustman Cameron , Stamer Sheryl L. , Liebler Daniel C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMyoglobin (Mb) redox state affects meat color and is destabilized by lipid oxidation products such as 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE). Our objective was to investigate lipid oxidation‐induced oxymyoglobin (OxyMb) oxidation in Mb from two major meat‐producing livestock species utilizing MS and proteomics tools. Porcine OxyMb was incubated with HNE and analyzed for metmyoglobin (MetMb) formation. MetMb formation was greater in the presence of HNE than controls at pH 7.4 and 37°C (p <0.05). MALDI‐TOF MS was used to identify adduct formation; only mono‐adducts of HNE (via Michael addition) with porcine Mb were detected. LC‐ESI‐MS/MS identified three histidine (HIS) residues in porcine Mb that were readily adducted by HNE (HIS 24, 36 and 119), whereas in bovine Mb seven histidine residues (HIS 24, 36, 81, 88, 93, 119 and 152) were adducted. Quantitation of HNE‐adducted peptides using isotope‐labeled phenyl isocyanate indicated that, initially, HIS 36 was preferentially adducted in porcine Mb whereas HIS 81, 88 and 93 were the predominant sites of early HNE adduction in bovine Mb. Preferential HNE adduction at the proximal histidine (HIS 93) was observed exclusively in bovine OxyMb and may explain why lipid oxidation‐induced OxyMb oxidation appears more extensive in beef, than in pork.
Screening the human serum proteome for genotype–phenotype associations: An analysis of the IL6 –174G>C polymorphism
Authors: Hegedus Christine M. , Skibola Christine F. , Bracci Paige , Holly Elizabeth A. , Smith Martyn T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐6 is a circulatory, pleiotropic cytokine with multiple roles in the immune system. Both IL‐6 and the IL6 –174G>C promoter polymorphism have been linked to various diseases associated with inflammation. However, the mechanism by which the polymorphism influences disease risk is unclear. We postulated that serum proteome analysis of individuals with different IL6 –174G>C genotypes would provide insight on genotype–phenotype associations of this polymorphism and its role in disease susceptibility. Serum from a random sample of control participants in an ongoing population‐based case‐control study of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was pooled by IL6 genotype and used to screen for the optimal SELDI‐TOF MS arrays for analysis. We report differences in serum protein expression of individuals with specific genotypes based on pooled and individual sample analysis. In particular, we report an association of the –174C allele with increased apolipoprotein C‐I (ApoC‐I). Additionally, we corroborate previous findings of an association of the –174C allele with lower autoantibodies to heat shock protein 60 and confirm the absence of any association between the IL6 –174G>C genotype and serum IL‐6 levels. This study illustrates that proteome analysis can enhance our understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships. Additional studies are needed to clarify the interaction between the IL6 –174G>C polymorphism and ApoC‐I.
Comparison of SDS‐ and methanol‐assisted protein solubilization and digestion methods for Escherichia coli membrane proteome analysis by 2‐D LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Zhang Nan , Chen Rui , Young Nelson , Wishart David , Winter Philip , Weiner Joel H. , Li Liang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBoth organic solvent and surfactant have been used for dissolving membrane proteins for shotgun proteomics. In this work, two methods of protein solubilization, namely using 60% methanol or 1% SDS, to dissolve and analyze the inner membrane fraction of an Escherichia coli K12 cell lysate were compared. A total of 358 proteins (1417 unique peptides) from the methanol‐solubilized protein mixture and 299 proteins (892 peptides) from the SDS‐solubilized samplewere identified by using trypsin digestion and 2‐D LC‐ESI MS/MS. It was found that the methanol method detected more hydrophobic peptides, resulting in a greater number of proteins identified, than the SDS method. We found that 159 out of 358 proteins (44%) and 120 out of 299 proteins (40%) detected from the methanol‐ and SDS‐solubilized samples, respectively, are integral membrane proteins. Among the 190 integral membrane proteins 70 were identified exclusively in the methanol‐solubilized sample, 89 were identified by both methods, and only 31 proteins were exclusively identified by the SDS method. It is shown that the integral membrane proteins reflected the theoretical proteome for number of transmembrane helices, length, functional class, and topology, indicating there was no bias in the proteins identified.
The proteome survey of an electricity‐generating organ (Torpedo californica electric organ)
Authors: Nazarian Javad , Hathout Yetrib , Vertes Akos , Hoffman Eric P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTorpedo californica is a species in class Chondrichthyes. Electric rays have evolved the electric organ, which is similar to the mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we took a combined cDNA sequencing and proteomic approach to define the molecular constituents of the T. californica electric organ. For soluble proteins, 2‐DE was used and 224 protein spots were mapped. Plasma membrane fractions were analyzed using the shotgun approach (LC‐MS/MS). A Torpedo cDNA library was constructed and 607 cDNA clones were sequenced. Identification of electric organ proteins was done using cross‐species comparisons, and a custom database was constructed from cDNA translations. We unambiguously identified 121 proteins and transcripts, 103 of which were novel additions to the existing databases of Torpedo fish. Fifteen proteins of known function, but not previously associated with either the electroplaque or NMJ, were present at high abundance. These included the heat shock and oxidative stress proteins, annexin V (calelectrin), and plectin 1. Most interesting were the unambiguous matches to 11 human ORFs of unknown function, including four potential RNA splicing proteins, a vacuolar sorting protein, and a tetraspanin containing protein. This analysis identified proteins that may play a role in the higher vertebrate neuromuscular junction or other electrical synapses.
Arginine deficiency in preconfluent intestinal Caco‐2 cells modulates expression of proteins involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and heat shock response
Authors: Lenaerts Kaatje , Renes Johan , Bouwman Freek G. , Noben Jean‐Paul , Robben Johan , Smit Egbert , Mariman Edwin C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArginine is classified as a conditionally essential amino acid required exogenously during catabolic disease states and periods of rapid growth, both characterized by increased arginine utilization. Arginine plays an important role in the intestine, where it is extensively metabolized, and enhances its immune‐supportive function and mucosal repair. Cell proliferation is important for the latter process. This study aimed for a better molecular insight in the response to arginine deprivation/supplementation of preconfluent and 5‐day‐confluent, differentiated Caco‐2 intestinal cells. The potential of citrulline to counteract the effects of arginine deprivation was investigated in preconfluent cells. 2‐DE combined with MALDI‐TOF‐MS and the antibody microarray technology were applied. Evidence is provided that arginine deficiency modulates the protein expression profiles of preconfluent Caco‐2 cells differently than that of postconfluent differentiated cells. In preconfluent cells, certain proteins changed in direct response to arginine deficiency, whereas other proteins did not, but instead responded during the recovery phase after an arginine/citrulline resupplementation. The protein changes suggest that arginine deprivation decreases cell proliferation and heat shock protein expression, and enhances the cells susceptibility to apoptosis. These processes are critical for proper cell function, and hence a state of arginine deficiency can be detrimental for intestinal cells which proliferate actively in vivo.
Proteomic and functional alterations in brain mitochondria from Tg2576 mice occur before amyloid plaque deposition
Authors: Gillardon Frank , Rist Wolfgang , Kussmaul Lothar , Vogel Johannes , Berg Matthias , Danzer Karin , Kraut Norbert , Hengerer Bastian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSynaptic dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer's disease patients and has also been detected in transgenic mouse models. In the present study, we analyzed proteomic changes in synaptosomal fractions from Tg2576 mice that overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein (K670N, M671L) and from their nontransgenic littermates. Cortical and hippocampal tissue was microdissected at the onset of cognitive impairment, but before deposition of amyloid plaques. Crude synaptosomal fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation, proteins were separated by 2‐D DIGE and identified by MS/MS. Significant alterations were detected in mitochondrial heat shock protein 70 pointing to a mitochondrial stress response. Subsequently, synaptosomal versus nonsynaptic mitochondria were purified from Tg2576 mice brains by density gradient centrifugation. Mitochondrial proteins were separated by IEF or Blue‐native gel electrophoresis in the first dimension and SDS‐PAGE in the second dimension. Numerous changes in the protein subunit composition of the respiratory chain complexes I and III were identified. Levels of corresponding mRNAs remain unchanged as shown by Affymetrix oligonucleotide array analysis. Functional examination revealed impaired state 3 respiration and uncoupled respiration in brain mitochondria from young Tg2576 mice. By immunoblotting, amyloid‐beta oligomers were detected in synaptosomal fractions from Tg2576 mice and reduced glucose metabolism was observed in Tg2576 mice brains by [14C]‐2‐deoxyglucose infusion. Taken together, we demonstrate alterations in the mitochondrial proteome and function that occur in Tg2576 mice brains before amyloid plaque deposition suggesting that mitochondria are early targets of amyloid‐beta aggregates.
Depression and tumor stage in cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Baile Walter F. , Gibertini Michael , Scott Linda , Endicott James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study was undertaken to explore the relationship between depression and tumor invasiveness in a group of 45 patients with cancer of the head and neck at different stages. Patients were assessed for depression at the time of their first visit to a tertiary care cancer center, before definitive diagnosis was made and treatment initiated. Depression was assessed by using the DSM‐III derived dysthymia scale of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and by clinical interview which elicited symptoms of major depression. We hypothesized that if depression were related to the physical effects of the tumor then patients with more advanced cancer would be more depressed due to associated pain, discomfort and nutritional deficits. Contrary to expectations, results showed that depression scores were distributed equally throughout all stages. However, stage × gender analysis showed a significant effect with females having early stage (1 and 2) cancer being most depressed. Physical symptoms and nutritional factors were not associated with depressed affect but marital status (unmarried) and stress scores were. The high frequency of depression reported in head and neck cancer patients is not necessarily the result of the malignant process or a response to treatment but may be related to premorbid factors of which social support is one variable.
Further development of a quality of life measure for cancer patients: The rotterdam symptom checklist (revised)
Authors: Watson M. , Law M. , Maguire G. P. , Robertson B. , Greer S. , Bliss J. M. , Ibbotson T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFurther development of existing measures of health‐related quality of life (QL) is indicated. The present study examined the factor structure of the Rotterdam symptom checklist (RSCL), a self‐rating scale developed for determination of QL among cancer patients which was recently recommended by the UK Medical Research Council Cancer Therapy Committee Working Party on Quality of Life. A comparison is also reported of the RSCL with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) in a separate sample of patients, selected because they showed evidence of psychopathology. The data indicate that the RSCL can be used as a two‐factor measure for assessing psychological and physical morbidity. Scores for both sub‐scales were found to be higher for female patients. An observed positive association between HADS depression scores and the physical symptoms sub‐scale of the RSCL, in our selected sample, suggests some caution is needed when interpreting levels of physical morbidity and depression among cancer patients, as physical symptom scores may be associated with depression‐related somatic symptoms. Although the RSCL does not measure all dimensions of psychosocial functioning, it is a useful and brief method of assessing physical and psychological morbidity in cancer patients.
Anxiety and depressive symptoms at different stages of malignant melanoma
Authors: Brandberg Yvonne , Bolund Christina , Sigurdardottir Valgerdur , Sjödén Per‐Olow , Sullivan Marianne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe HAD scale was used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in three groups of individuals visiting an oncology clinic, healthy persons with hereditary melanoma (group DNS), patients treated for cutaneous malignant melanoma stage I (group MM1), and patients with generalized disease (group MM2). No differences were found on the anxiety subscale, although MM2 scored higher than the other groups on two out of seven anxiety items. The depression subscale, and six out of seven items in this subscale showed higher scores for MM2 than for the other two groups. In group MM2 as compared to the other two groups, there was a higher proportion of individuals scoring above the cut‐off point for potentially clinical cases on the depression subscale, but not on the anxiety subscale. A principal component analysis yielded an‘anxiety’ factor, a‘depression’ factor and a‘restlessness’ factor. Of these factors, anxiety and‘depression’ showed higher values for MM2 than for the other two groups, while no differences were found for‘restlessness’.
Suicide and euthanasia: Patient attitudes in the context of cancer
Authors: Owen Cathy , Tennant Christopher , Levi John , Jones Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred oncology patients from a major teaching hospital were asked about their attitudes to a number of final life events including active withdrawal from treatment, the refusal of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, suicide and euthanasia. A descriptive approach was used incorporating semi‐structured interviews and established questionnaire measures. One third of the patient sample anticipated some role for taking active steps to end their own lives. This was not restricted to those currently psychologically disturbed nor to any particular demographic subgroup. Patients with more severe illness or poor prognosis did not express interest in suicide and euthanasia. A positive past psychiatric history increased the potential for seeing suicide as an option. The results have significant implications for the establishment of patient care protocols in final life events.
Changes in marital and sexual functioning in long‐term survivors and their spouses: Testicular cancer versus hodgkin's disease
Authors: Hannah Mo Therese , Gritz Ellen R. , Wellisch David K. , Fobair Pat , Hoppe Richard T. , Bloom Joan R. , Sun Guo‐Wen , Varghese Anna , Cosgrove Malcolm D. , Spiegel David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study compares the effects of the cancer experience on various aspects of marital and sexual functioning (e.g., communication, emotional support, body image, sexual satisfaction and frequency) for two groups of long‐term cancer survivors (testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease) and their spouses. Comparisons between the two patient groups showed significantly more survivors of Hodgkin's disease than testicular cancer reporting the emergence of special issues and changes in the marital relationship. No differences emerged between the spouse groups on sexual functioning variables; however, spouses of survivors of Hodgkin's disease were more likely than spouses of survivors of testicular cancer to report the development of special issues and communication difficulties. A substantial proportion of both survivor groups disclosed negative changes in body image and sexual frequency. Majorities of both survivors and spouses acknowledged that the illness had drawn them closer together. When representative marital/sexual functioning variables were used to predict Family Environment Scale (FES) scores for survivors and for spouses, changes in the spouse's importance, influence of the illness on the relationship, and changes in sexual frequency emerged as significant predictors. The clinical significance of long‐term changes in marital and sexual functioning for the couple and the need for therapeutic interventions are discussed.
Children's understanding of cancer
Authors: Eiser Christine , Havermans Trudy 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExplanations of cancer need to take into account developmental changes in children's cognitive and emotional abilities to understand illness. Children below 5 years of age are usually informed by parents, and older children by medical staff. Information tends to focus on details of treatments and procedures, and less on the seriousness of the disease and length of time involved. There are indications that early and honest information is associated with better behaviour and adjustment in the child, communication within the family and compliance with treatment, although methodological inadequacies in assessment of adjustment and knowledge of cancer limit the ability to generalize these findings. Communication with children should take into account developmental changes in children's ability to understand illness information. Communicators should also provide emotional support to deal with the threatening nature of this information.
Surviving childhood cancer: A descriptive approach to understanding the impact of life‐threatening illness
Authors: Gray Ross E. , Doan Brian D. , Shermer Peter , Fitzgerald Annette Vatter , Berry Martin P. , Jenkin Derek , Doherty Mary A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDescriptive findings are presented from a study of adult survivors of childhood cancer. Most survivors reported having coped well with illness. When asked about various life domains, in all cases a majority saw cancer experience as having had a positive impact over the long term. Despite the overall good adaptation of survivors, illness experience was traumatic at the time and it continued to cause difficulties. School, work and physical symptoms caused problems for a proportion of survivors—with greater representation from among those treated for brain tumours. One‐quarter of survivors felt that they currently had insufficient medical information. Interpersonal relationships, although greatly valued and heavily invested in by survivors, were also frequently characterized by heightened sensitivity and cautiousness. Finally, a small minority of cancer survivors showed considerable adjustment difficulties, most notably in the area of social relations. Descriptive findings are integrated with findings from comparisons of survivors to a group of healthy peers. Implications of study findings for research directions and program development are discussed.