bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaningful monitoring
Authors: Moore Jannice 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOne of the most important and most challenging aspects of implementing Policy Governance is monitoring whether and how well the policies are being put into practice. Most boards choose to monitor their policies by means of an internal report written by the CEO that provides evidence of compliance.Here jannice Moore, a full‐time governance consultant who has helped a wide variety of boards in Canada implement Policy Governance and who acts as “governance coach” to many others, gives some advice on how CEOs might improve these internal monitoring reports, highlighting common pitfalls and explaining how they can be avoided. In the next issue of Board Leadership, she will discuss monitoring issues from the board's perspective.
A “reasonable interpretation of ends”: What exactly does it mean?
Authors: Conduff Michael , Paszkiewicz Denise 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhat does it mean to engage in a “reasonable interpretation” of a board's ends policies? Is there a particular process a CEO should go through? What's the best way to make sure that the interpretation is indeed reasonable and that it is meaningful and detailed enough to allow the CEO and the staff to get on with the business of making the ends actually happen? To help address these questions, Michael Conduff, a consultant and city manager in Bryan, Texas, and Denise Paszkiewicz, director of program development at People Inc., describe the process their organizations use and why.
Uncovering the value of the right word
Authors: Oliver Caroline 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMost people join boards for selfless reasons, because they want to “make a difference.” Received wisdom tells us that making a difference is grueling and overwhelming work, and unfortunately the muddled governance procedures of most boards seem to prove the case. In this article, Caroline Oliver, chair of the International Policy Governance Association, shows us why the Policy Governance board must disabuse itself of the orthodoxy that says that there is a one‐to‐one relationship between effort and effectiveness. Relying on just a handful of concise policies, the Policy Governance board dictates a whole range of organizational ends and so has more time to govern than the board that busies itself with staff means. The Policy Governance board may have a more straightforward job than the traditional board, but it is also more effective.
Can policy governance® enhance the complex job of state commissions and boards?
Authors: Hermen Larry 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe practice of Policy Governance by a state‐appointed commission or board is often complicated by the circumstances that spurred its creation and the realities that guide its operation. This is especially true when state legislatures create commissions and boards that have their members appointed by the governor. How can a state commission or board so conceived enjoy many of the benefits found by nonprofit boards practicing Policy Governance? How can such a commission or board navigate the often built‐ in challenges to the main principles of Policy Governance, especially as it relates to the role of its executive? Governance consultant Larry Hermen, a graduate of the Policy Governance Academy, briefly describes the accomplishments thus far by such a board in Michigan.
Human hand adaptation using sweeps: generating animatable hand models
Authors: Lee Jieun , Kim Myung‐Soo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe introduce a sweep‐based hand shape adaptation algorithm to fit a generic sweep‐based hand model to the shape of an individual's hand, presented as a single photograph. The sweep trajectory curves of the generic hand model are modified to interpolate a sequence of keyframes determined by target features. Details of the real hand can be transferred to the model by adjusting its sweep displacement map. Palm lines are also acquired from sketches drawn on the photograph. The bespoke model inherits the fully animatable structure of the generic model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our sweep‐based approach using several examples of reconstructing animatable bespoke hand models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topoisomerase‐II‐Inhibitory Principles from the Stems of Spatholobus suberectus
Authors: Han Ah‐Reum , Park Hyen Joo , Chen Daofeng , Jang Dae Sik , Kim Hwa‐Jung , Lee Sang Kook , Seo Eun‐Kyoung 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBioassay‐guided fractionation of the stems of Spatholobus suberectus led to the isolation of procyanidin B4 (=(+)‐catechin‐(4→8)‐(−)‐epicatechin) (1) and (+)‐catechin‐(4→8)‐(+)‐catechin‐(4→8)‐(−)‐epicatechin (2). These compounds, isolated before from other sources, were found to be highly potent inhibitors of DNA‐topoisomerase‐II (Topo‐II)‐mediated KDNA decatenation, with IC50 values of 22.5±2.3 and 21.9±2.2 nM, resp.
New Lipoxygenase‐Inhibiting Constituents from Calligonum polygonoides
Authors: Yawer Mirza Arfan , Ahmed Ejaz , Malik Abdul , Ashraf Muhammad , Rasool Muhammad Azam , Afza Nighat 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCalligonolides A (1) and B (2), two new butanolides, and a new steroidal ester, 3, have been isolated from the whole plant of Calligonum polygonoides, together with four known compounds, tetracosan‐4‐olide, β‐sitosterol and its glucoside, and ursolic acid. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric studies. Compounds 1–3 showed moderate inhibitory potential against lipoxygenase from soybean.
Rare Medicinal Herbs of the Himalayas: An Ardent Need for Preservation
Authors: Pandey Pt. Kartikay 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe forest wealth of the Himalayan ranges is abundant with unique medicinal herbs, having tremendous economic importance. Latterly, these have adversely suffered at the hands of poachers and unlawful trade activities. The author cites the names of some of the rare species, in a bid to achieve their conservation through sensitization and participation of the masses, especially the tribals, in the greater interest of humanity.
Anatomy of a first‐time internal‐process benchmarking project: Operation, contrasts & lessons
Authors: Fleisher Craig S. , Stephan Annette R. , Miner Angela 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBenchmarking can be used to improve competitiveness in areas other than marketplace performance. Moreover, benchmarking of specific internal processes can be performed at the department or subunit level, focusing on corporate staff functions rather than traditional line functions. In this case study, the authors describe the internal‐process benchmarking conducted at the headquarters of a national association. The process under scrutiny: the time‐sensitive development by the government affairs staff of policy positions, used to influence government decisions that critically affect company operations. A full‐time project coordinator, working with a university research center, spearheaded the internal‐assessment team that developed a benchmarking plan and worked with the “process owner” to ensure all elements of policy development were included. Data‐gathering interviews were used to generate an initial process map. An internal benchmark partner was selected (the communications department's process for report writing), and an external benchmark, representing the “ideal” policy‐development process, was also added. A matrix‐format for organizing and presenting data was selected. During the benchmarking, the process map was revised before a final report was prepared for senior management. Lessons learned during the study included the perils of hasty planning and the benefits of establishing a benchmarking partner early, maintaining a narrowly focused project, and sticking to the agreed‐upon plan. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Construction of the Pharmacophore Model of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Ling , Zhang Li‐Na , Jiang Feng‐Chao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA three dimensional pharmacophore model has been generated for glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) inhibitors. A dataset consisting of 89 compounds was selected on the basis of the information content of the structures and activity data as required by the CATALYST system. The optimum model with four features (one hydrogen‐bond acceptor unit, one ring aromatic unit, and two hydrophobic aromatic units) was selected with a good correlation coefficient (0.95). This model is able to predict the activity of other known GSK‐3 inhibitors not included in the model generation, and can be further used to identify structurally diverse compounds with desired biological activity by virtual screening.
Heat Storage Performance of Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate Dodecahydrate: Prevention of Phase Separation by Thickening and Gelling Methods
Authors: Lan Xiao‐Zheng , Tan Zhi‐Cheng , Yue Dan‐Ting , Shi Quan , Yang Chang‐Guang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDisodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4·12H2O) is an attractive candidate for phase change materials. The main problem for its practical use comes from incongruent melting character during thermal cycling. Experimentally, heat of fusion of the pure salt decreased from 200 to 25 J·g−1in a four‐run freeze‐thaw cycling. Additives such as thickening agent orin‐situsynthesized polyacrylate sodium in the molten salt can prevent its phase separation to some extent. In the test, sodium alginate 3.0%–5.0% (w/w) thickened mixture containing Na2HPO4·12H2O and some water showed constant heat storage capacities. Polyacrylate sodium gelled salt was synthesized through polymerizing sodium acrylate in the melt of Na2HPO4·12H2O and some extra water at 50 °C. Optimum conditions composed of sodium acrylate 3.0%–5.0% (w/w), cross‐linking agentN,N‐methylenebisacrylamide 0.10%–0.20% (w/w), K2S2O8and Na2SO3(mass ratio 1:1) 0.06%–0.12% (w/w). As opposed to normal large crystals of pure Na2HPO4·12H2O in solid state, the gelled salt existed in a large number of tiny particles dispersed in the gel network at room temperature, commonly less than 2 mm. But only those sample particles with sizes less than 0.2 mm may have relatively stable thermal storage property. A problem encountered was the poor reproducibility of the synthesis method:heat storage capacity of the product was often very different even though the synthesis was carried out in the same conditions. An alternative gelling method by sodium alginate grafted sodium acrylate was tried and it showed a fairly good effect. Heat capacities and heat of fusion of Na2HPO4·12H2O were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter.
Effect of Group II Metal Cations on Catecholate Oxidation
Authors: Lebedev Alexander V. , Ivanova Marina V. , Timoshin Alexander A. , Ruuge Enno K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe unexpected effects of Ca2+ on the free‐radical chain reactions of dopamine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and pyrocatechol oxidation are studied using oxygen consumption measurements, EPR‐spectroscopy, UV/VIS spectrophotometry, and by potentiometric titration. It is found that the formation of Ca2+–catecholate complexes is accompanied by an increase in the dissociation constants (Kai ) of their phenolic hydroxyls. At pH>pKai and in the presence of alkaline‐earth metal cations, the rate of catecholate oxidation increases (Ca2+, Mg2+> Sr2+, Ba2+), whereas on addition of Zn ions the rate decreases. The effects of Group II metal cations on catecholate autoxidation are concomitant with a transient increase of the EPR signal for metal‐semiquinonate complexes. Therefore, the effects of Ca2+ and other alkaline‐earth metal cations on catecholate autoxidation can be defined as 1) additional deprotonation of catechol OH‐groups involved in the formation of M2+–catecholate complexes, the latter exceeding catechols in the susceptibility to dioxygen‐induced oxidation and 2) formation of relatively stable free‐radical intermediates responsible for chain propagation.
Structure–Activity Relationship in the Domain of Odorants Having Marine Notes
Authors: Gaudin Jean‐Marc , Nikolaenko Olga , de Saint Laumer Jean‐Yves , Winter Beat , Blanc Pierre‐Alain 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe synthesized or re‐synthesized a large series of 2H‐1,5‐benzodioxepin‐3(4H)‐ones9(Scheme 1), 4,5‐dihydro‐1‐benzoxepin‐3(2H)‐ones10(Schemes 3and4) and 5,6,8,9‐tetrahydro‐7H‐benzocyclohepten‐7‐ones11(Schemes 5and6), since the lead compound for the olfactory note of perfumes based on marine accords is a well‐known benzodioxepinone namedCalone 1951®(9b). We meticulously described the odor profile of each synthesized compound and discussed relevant structure–odor relationships (Tables 1–3). In particular, we revealed a correlation between the conformation of the seven‐membered ring and the activities of these compounds (Table 4andFig. 3). We also clarified the effect of the position and the size of the alkyl substituent at the aromatic ring.
Cytotoxic Withaphysalins from Physalis minima
Authors: Ma Lei , Gan Xian‐Wen , He Qing‐Ping , Bai Hai‐Yun , Arfan Mohammad , Lou Feng‐Chang , Hu Li‐Hong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel withanolide, withaphysalin P (1) with a nine‐membered ring, and six other new withaphysalins, 2–7, together with the three known withaphysalins 8–10 were isolated from Physalis minima L. The structures were deduced by means of spectroscopic analyses, and that of withaphysalin P (1) was confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Plausible biosynthetic pathways were postulated (Scheme 1). All compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities toward the human colorectal‐carcinoma HCT‐116 cells and human nonsmall‐cell lung‐cancer NCI‐H460 cells (Table 4). Compounds 1–3, 7–10, 7a, and 7b displayed moderate cytotoxic activity against the two human cancer cell lines.
Experimental analysis of groundwater flow through a landslide slip surface using natural and artificial water chemical tracers
Authors: Binet Stephane , Jomard Herve , Lebourg Thomas , Guglielmi Yves , Tric Emmanuel , Bertrand Catherine , Mudry Jacques 
Published: July 2007

AbstractArtificial and natural tracer tests combined with high accurate electronic distancemeter measurements are conducted on a small landslide with a well known slip surface geometry. Outflow yields and chemical contents are monitored for all the experiment duration and they analyzed to estimate the slip surface hydraulic parameters. The main result is that the slip surface acts as a drain for groundwater flows that evacuates interstitial pressures in the slope and brings the sliding mass to be more stable one. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for in vitro characterization of multichannel nerve tubes
Authors: de Ruiter Godard C. , Onyeneho Irene A. , Liang Ellen T. , Moore Michael J. , Knight Andrew M. , Malessy Martijn J.A. , Spinner Robert J. , Lu Lichun , Currier Bradford L. , Yaszemski Michael J. , Windebank Anthony J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultichannel conduits have been developed for experimental peripheral nerve and spinal cord repair. We present a series of methods to characterize multichannel nerve tubes for properties of bending, deformation, swelling, and degradation and introduce a new method to test the permeability of multichannel nerve tubes from the rate of diffusion of different‐sized fluorescent dextran molecules (10, 40, and 70 kDa). First, single‐lumen nerve tubes made with different poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) ratios (50:50, 75:25, and 85:15) were compared. One ratio (75:25 PLGA) was subsequently used to compare single‐lumen and multichannel nerve tubes. Nerve tubes made with lower PLGA ratios were found to be more flexible than nerve tubes made with a higher PLGA ratio. For low ratios, however, swelling was also greater as a result of a faster rate of degradation. Multichannel structure did not interfere with the permeability of the tube; the rate of diffusion into multichannel 75:25 PLGA nerve tubes appeared to be even higher than that into single‐lumen ones, but this was only significant for 70‐kDa molecules. Also, multichannel 75:25 PLGA nerve tubes were more flexible and, at the same time, more resistant to deformation. However, swelling significantly decreased the total cross‐sectional lumen area, especially in multichannel 75:25 PLGA nerve tubes. Permeability, bending, deformation, swelling, and degradation are important properties to characterize in the development of multichannel nerve tubes. The methods presented in this study can be used as a basis for optimizing these properties for future, possibly clinical, application. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Sol–gel bioactive glasses support both osteoblast and osteoclast formation from human bone marrow cells
Authors: Karpov Maria , Laczka Maria , Leboy Phoebe S. , Osyczka Anna M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have examined the ability of bioactive sol–gel glass ceramics to support both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation from human bone marrow cells (HBMC). Nucleated cells from human bone marrow were cultured on tissue culture plastic and on two sol–gel coatings: A2 glass–ceramic containing 54 mol % CaO/40 mol % SiO2 and S2 glass–ceramic containing 16 mol % CaO/80 mol % SiO2. Osteoblast differentiation was followed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mRNA levels for ALP, osteopontin, RANK ligand (RANKL), and immunofluorescent co‐localization of ALP and RANKL. Osteoclasts were identified by morphology and positive staining for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). ALP activity and mRNA levels were similar for cells on A2 coatings and on tissue culture plastic, but mRNA levels of osteopontin and RANKL were tenfold higher on A2 than on plastic. Cultures on A2 coatings also contained multinucleated osteoclasts staining positively for TRAP. In contrast, cells cultured on S2 coatings had the characteristics of more differentiated osteoblasts as measured by higher ALP expression. However, the levels of osteopontin and RANKL mRNA on S2 glass were lower than on A2 glass and there were fewer, weakly staining TRAP‐positive multinucleate cells. Thus, sol–gel glass–ceramic materials differing in CaO/SiO2 ratios can produce markedly different effects on the osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation from HBMC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Osteoblast interactions with various hydroxyapatite based biomaterials consolidated using a spark plasma sintering technique
Authors: Xu J. L. , Khor K. A. , Lu Y. W. , Chen W. N. , Kumar R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the osteoblast behaviors on various hydroxyapatite based biomaterials that were consolidated at 1100°C for 3 min by a spark plasma sintering technique. The osteoblasts from human fetal osteoblast cell line were cultured in the medium on the various biomaterials surfaces (HA, RF21, 1SiHA, and 5SiHA) to assess the cell morphology and proliferation as well as cell differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity). Moreover, the bone γ‐carboxyglutamic protein or osteocalcin in the medium were determined at different periods of culture. The present results indicated that the amount of osteocalcin in the medium decreased during the periods of culture. The highest osteocalcin production obtained from the biomaterial 5SiHA after cell culture for 2 days demonstrated that the presence of silica in the biomaterials enhanced the cell differentiation by the rapid release of silicate and calcium ions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2008
Genetic effect of zirconium oxide coating on osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Sollazzo Vincenzo , Palmieri Annalisa , Pezzetti Furio , Bignozzi Carlo Alberto , Argazzi Roberto , Massari Leo , Brunelli Giorgio , Carinci Francesco 
Published: July 2007

AbstractZirconium is widely used as material for prosthetic devices because its good mechanical and chemical properties. When exposed to oxygen, zirconium becomes zirconium oxide (ZrO2), which is biocompatible. ZrO2 can be also prepared as a colloidal suspension and then used to coat surfaces. Zirconium oxide coating (ZrO2C) can potentially have specific biologic effects, and among them is bone formation related to implant osseointegration. How this biomaterial alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microarray techniques to identify genes that are differently regulated in osteoblasts exposed to ZrO2C. By using DNA microarrays containing 20,000 genes, we identified in osteoblast‐like cell lines (MG‐63) cultured with ZrO2C several genes whose expression was significantly upregulated or downregulated. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities: (a) cell cycle regulation, (b) signal transduction, (c) immunity, and (d) cytoskeleton component. The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first genetic portrait of ZrO2C effects. They can be relevant to better understand the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Usefulness of color doppler sonography and 99mTc‐RBC scintigraphy for preoperative diagnosis of a venous malformation of the small intestine in a 2‐year‐old child
Authors: Sugito Kiminobu , Kusafuka Takeshi , Hoshino Mayumi , Inoue Mikiya , Ikeda Taro , Hagiwara Noritsugu , Koshinaga, Tsugumichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVenous malformations of the small intestine are rare in children, and the preoperative diagnosis of a venous malformation in the small bowel can be very difficult. We report the case of a 2‐year‐old girl with a solitary cavernous venous malformation of the small intestine that caused gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia and review the usefulness of the combination of color Doppler sonography and 99mTc‐RBC scintigraphy for the diagnosis of venous malformation of the small intestine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Systematically implementing enterprise‐wide strategies: Integrated enabling planning
Authors: Motikler Robert J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses a general approach to integrating overallcompany and departmental strategic planning, as well as some tools for overcoming problems often encountered in effectively achieving such integration and in implementing enterprise‐wide strategies. The discussion is in two parts: (a) An integrated situational approach— assessing critical factors; (b) the integration and implementation of enterprise‐wide strategies and departmental enabling strategies in light of these critical situation factors.
Food shopping: The leisurely way forward?
Authors: McHugh Marie , Greenan Kate 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs the 21st century beckons, the competitive terrain of the United Kingdom food retailing industry is set to change. A host of forces signal the need for food retailers to embark upon programmes of strategic change in order to find a defendable position within an increasingly competitive industry. This paper highlights the dominance of females within the population and the associated implications for food shopping. Thus, some of the opportunities available to food retailers are identified, together with suggestions for their exploitation through focusing on leisurely shopping.
Employee involvement and communication Strategies for managing change
Authors: Caldwell Raymond 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring the 1980s, many companies embarked on ‘culture change’ programmes that were designed to achieve a shift from traditional command and control models of management to more open, participative styles founded on employee involvement. New employee relations initiatives designed to communicate change and get closer to employees were a fundamental feature of this transformation. Here, Dr Caldwell proposes a model of employee involvement and communication, which helps to clarify the nature of the shift from the closed to the open organization of the future.