bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Hydrogen-Rich Biofuel Production: Syngas Generation from Wood Chips and Corn Cobs
Authors: Oliveira Matheus , Monteiro Eliseu , Rouboa Abel 
Published: April 2024

This study investigates gasification using wood chips (WC) and corn cobs (CC) for hydrogen-rich syngas production. A simulation model developed in Aspen Plus was used to evaluate the performance of biomass gasification. The model incorporates a system of Fortran subroutines that automate the definition of input parameters based on the analysis of biomass composition. Furthermore, the model’s equilibrium constants were adjusted based on experimentally measured gas concentrations, increasing the precision of the variations. The numerical results predicted hydrogen yields of 65–120 g/kg biomass, with 60–70% energy efficiency for steam gasification (versus 40–50% for air gasification). The hydrogen concentration ranged from 34% to 40%, with CO (27–11%), CO2 (9–20%), and CH4 (<4%). The gasification temperature increased hydrogen production by up to 40% but also increased CO2 emissions by up to 20%. Higher biomass moisture content promoted hydrogen production by up to 15% but reduced energy efficiency by up to 10% if excessive. Steam gasification with wood chips and corn cobs shows promising potential for hydrogen-rich syngas production, offering benefits such as reduced emissions (up to 30% less CO) and sustainability by utilizing agricultural residues.
Prevalence in Potato of ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ and Their Transmission via Adult Pentastiridius leporinus
Authors: Rinklef André , Behrmann Sarah Christin , Löffler David , Erner Jan , Meyer Martin Vincent , Lang Christian , Vilcinskas Andreas , Lee Kwang-Zin 
Published: April 2024

The planthopper Pentastiridius leporinus (Hempiptera: Cixiidae) is the main vector of two bacterial pathogens: the γ-proteobacterium ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus’ and the stolbur phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’. These pathogens cause the disease syndrome basses richesses (SBR) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), which reduces the yields and sugar content. In 2022, potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields were found to be colonized by P. leporinus, and the transmission of Arsenophonus was confirmed, resulting in symptoms like wilting, yellow leaves, and rubbery tubers. We monitored both pathogens in Southwest Germany in 2022 and 2023. This revealed their widespread presence in potato tubers, although there were differences in regional prevalence. The broad prevalence of Arsenophonus was maintained in 2023, whereas the prevalence of stolbur increased in most locations. We confirmed that P. leporinus adults can transmit both pathogens to potatoes, but neither pathogen reduced the germination rate of tubers, and no plants showed abnormal growth after germination. Arsenophonus was not detected in germinated shoots, but 5.4% contained stolbur, emphasizing the need for plant material testing to maintain phytosanitary conditions.
Media depictions of primary care teleconsultation safety: a thematic analysis of UK newspapers
Authors: Song Kaiyang , Hey Molly , Payne Rebecca 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the widespread roll-out of teleconsultations across primary care services in the UK. The media’s depiction of remote consultations, especially regarding their safety, is not well established. These insights are important: newspapers’ coverage of healthcare-related news can influence public perception, national policy, and clinicians’ job satisfaction.AimTo explore how the national newspapers in the UK depicted both the direct and indirect consequences of the remote-first approach on patient safety.Design and settingWe performed thematic analysis of newspaper articles that discussed patient safety in primary care teleconsultations, which were published between 21 January 2021 and 22 April 2022.MethodWe identified relevant articles using the LexisNexis Academic UK database. We categorised data from these articles into codes before developing these into emergent themes through an iterative process.ResultsAcross the 57 articles identified, the main safety concern identified was missed and/or delayed diagnoses over tele-appointment(s), while isolated cases of inappropriate prescribing were also reported. The media reported that the transition to a remote-first approach reduced the accessibility to primary care appointments for some groups (especially patients with lower digital literacy or access) and heightened the burden on other healthcare services; in particular, there were reports of patient care being compromised across NHS emergency departments.ConclusionThe print media predominantly reported negative impacts of remote consultations on patient safety, particularly involving missed and/ or delayed diagnoses. Our work highlights the importance of further exploration into the safety of remote consultations, and the impact of erroneous media reporting on policies and policymakers.
Radon exhalation and health hazard assessment for various ceramic tiles used in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Sopan , Hossain Shahadat 
Published: April 2024

Objective: Among various building materials, tiles are the most used decorative materials used worldwide. For the safe use of tiles at home and workplace it is required to select them properly based on radiation dose due to radon and gamma emission.
Experiments: Among various tiles available in the market, 25 different types of tiles were collected for this experiment. Collected tiles are then ground and stored in sealed cans for secular equilibrium. To measure gamma activity due to the radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector was used. To store radon gas emitting from tiles, a big box was used. The activity concentration was then measured by a radon detector (RadonEye) by placing it inside the box.
Results and discussion: It was observed that 226Ra, 232Th, 40K activity varies from 45 – 89 Bq/Kg, 77 – 110 Bq/Kg, and 321 – 694 Bq/Kg. The radium equivalent activity varies from 198.32 – 280.46 Bq/Kg, less than the recommended value of 370 Bq/Kg set by UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). The activity concentration of radon varies from 31 – 71 Bq/m3. This is lower than the 300 Bq/m3 recommended by ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). The radon exhalation rate varies from 0.179 – 0.409 Bqm−2h−1. To assess radiological hazards associated with the tiles samples air absorbed dose rate, internal and external hazard index, gamma index, annual indoor and outdoor effective dose rate, and dose due to radon were also calculated.
Conclusion: Though the estimated values for external and internal hazards are below the recommended values, they may be safe for adults. As children have thinner skin and breathe more air due to high breathing frequency, they may receive more radiation than adults. Moreover, they are at a greater risk because of their developing bodies and long life expectancy post-exposure.
Possible futures for medical ultrasound technology
Authors: Thomenius Kai E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
From its earliest appearance in the 1950s, ultrasound has received much continuous attention by the research community. In this review paper, the evolution of the field will be discussed throughout its various hardware and software implementations with the goal of establishing the state-of-the-art for the present. This supplies a convenient launching point to consider possible directions for future research. A useful tool for this assessment is an analysis of the focus areas of various disciplines at medical ultrasound conferences and their relative frequencies. The assumption behind this methodology is that each topic has received much attention from academic faculties, technical program committees, journal editorial boards, and grant review processes. This evaluation suggests that ultrasound beamformation is becoming increasingly based on computational methods more along the lines of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. As part of the process, select traditional challenges are starting to be translated into clinical practice.
مراحل تطور مدرسة التفيض الأهلية 1919- 1939
Authors: مروه هاني مسلم كاظم  , أ.م.د.سؤدد عبد الحسين سبتي  
Published: April 2024

ادت مدرسة التفيض الأهلية منذ تأسيسها عام 1919 دوراً في الحركة الطلابية العراقية، وكان لتطور الاحداث في البلاد وتنامي الوعي الوطني فضلاً عن توجيهات المرجعية الدينية الرشيدة حافزاً الطلاب الى المساهمة اكثر في نضال شعبنا ضد السيطرة الاستعمارية وضد المعاهدات الجائرة التي ابرمتها الحكومة العراقية مع بريطانيا، كما لعبت دورا بارزا في اسقاط حكومة ياسين الهاشمي الرجعية بعد تأييد الانقلاب الوطني الذي اطاح بها، وتنوعت ادوار الحركة الطلابية ما بين الاحتجاجات والتظاهرات والإضرابات الجماهيرية ذات الطابع الوطني العام .ومن جهة اخرى سعت مدرسة التفيض على مواكبة قوانين وانظمة وزارة المعارف من اجل الارتقاء بالعملية التعليمية مما جعلها تقف في مصاف المدارس النموذجية الحديثة، التي استطاعت تخريج كوكبة من افضل الرجالات الذي خدموا بلادهم في كافة الميادين.
Female Malady: A Psychoanalytic Exploration of Woman’s Madness in Shirley Jackson’s “The Daemon Lover” and “The Tooth
Authors: Asst. Inst. Rua’a Ali Mahmood,  , Asst. Inst. Mohammed Saad Qasim,  
Published: April 2024

يقدم هذا البحث دراسةَ نفسيةَ لجنون المرأة في قصص مختارة لشيرلي جاكسون. من خلال المنظور التحليلي لمفهوم إلين شوولتر حول "المرض النسوي"، تتعمق هذه الدراسة في الطبقات المتداخلة للعقد النفسية التي تعيشها بطلتي قصتي "الحبيب الشيطان"، التي تعرض هوس البطلة الجنوني بحبيبها، و"الضرس"، التي تدرس القلق، والهوية الأنثوية والضغوط الاجتماعية. تهدف هذه الدراسة النوعية إلى الإجابة على ما إذا كان جنون الإناث صفة موروثة في عقل النساء أم إنها اكتسبت بسبب الضغوطات الاجتماعية المفروضة عليهن. يُطبق البحث النظرية النفسية لتوضيح كيف يمكن أن تثير الأحداث التافهة ظاهريًا اضطرابًا نفسيًا عميقًا. ويكشف هذا التحليل عن الطرق التي يتقاطع بها النظام الذكوري، والقوانين الاجتماعية المفروضة على النساء لتشكيل هذه السردية لجنون المرأة. يتم تحليل تجارب الشخصيات من خلال منظور الرغبات المكبوتة وتوقعات المجتمع واضطرابات الشخصية ضمن سياقات محددة.
أثر استراتيجية باير في اكساب مهارات التصميم الطباعي لطلبة معهد الفنون الجميلة بمادة فن الاعلان
Authors: حنان شاكر محمود  , أ .د أسماعيل خليل القيسي  , أ .م.د. أخلاص عبد القادر  
Published: April 2024

يهدف البحث الحالي الى اكساب مهارات التصميم الطباعي لطلبة معهد الفنون الجميلة – ديالى في مادة فن الإعلان حيث حددت مشكلة البحث بضعف عند الطلاب ، شمل البحث طلاب معهد الفنون الجميلة –قسم التصميم الطباعي –الصف الرابع الذيم يدرسون فن الإعلان. اعتمدت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي، إذ اعتمدت التصميم التجريبي للمجموعتين المتكافئتين(التجريبية والضابطة ذات الاختبار البعدي) واعتمدت اداة بحث من تصميمها اوجدت لها الصدق والثبات وبعد التدريس وفق استراتيجية باير استعملت الوسائل الاحصائية المناسبة وتوصلت إلى أن هناك اثراً كبيراً للتدريس وفق استراتيجية في زيادة تحصيل الطلاب، وعليه نظمت الباحثة مادتها العلمية بهذه الدراسة المتواضعة بصياغة مشكلة البحث واهميته. يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على أثر استراتيجية باير في اكساب مهارات التصميم الطباعي لطلبة معهد الفنون الجميلة بمادة فن الإعلان. يمثل الفصل الاول (الاطار العام للبحث) ويظم مشكلة البحث واهمية وحدود البحث متمثلة بطلاب معهد الفنون الجميلة الصف الربع الذين يدرسون مادة فن الاعلان وتحديد المصطلحات الواردة بعنوان البحث. اما الفصل الثاني يضم الاطار النظري يمثل النظرية البنائية والمهارة واستراتيجية باير والتصميم الطباعي والاعلان والدراسات السابقة ومناقشتها. اما الفصل الثالث يتضمن عرضا لمنهجية البحث وإجراءاته. حيث اعتمدت الباحثة التصميم التجريبي المناسب، وتحديد مجتمع البحث واختيار العينة وتجانسها واجراءات التكافؤ بين مجموعتي البحث التجريبية والضابطة، وضبط المتغيرات وبناء أداتي البحث، وصولا الى تطبيق التجربة، والوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة، تم التوصل بالفصل الرابع الى ان هناك اثر كبير لاستراتيجية باير في اكساب مهارات التصميم الطباعي لطلاب معهد الفنون الجميلة الصف الرابع بمادة فن ومن ثم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمصادر.
متطلبات التحول التربوي لتدريس مقررات التربية الفنية في ضوء اقتصاد المعرفة
Authors: أ.م محسن سالم محمد  , ا.د.سناء عبد الجليل الشريف  , حلمي محمد الفيل  
Published: April 2024

مستخلص البحث
يرمي البحث الحالي إلى:
الكشف عن متطلبات التحول التربوي لتدريس مقررات التربية الفنية نحو اقتصاد المعرفة ، في كلية التربية الأساسية- الجامعة المستنصرية، للعام الدراسي 2020-2021، واعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي في بناء استمارة معايير تتضمن متطلبات التحول التربوي في ضوء اقتصاد المعرفة والتي من الممكن توظيفها لغرض تدريس مقررات التربية الفنية ، ولهذا الغرض اتبع الباحث في إعدادها الخطوات الآتية:

الاطلاع على الأدبيات التربوية وعلاقتها باقتصاد المعرفة.
استند الباحث في تقسيم المجالات الرئيسية الى عناصر العملية التعليمية المؤلفة من (معلم، متعلم، منهج).

وتوصل الباحث الى النتائج التالية :

اتفق الخبراء على الصدق الظاهري ومدى مواءمته لطبيعة مقررات التربية الفنية ومدى تحقيقه لمبدأ التحول التربوي نحو اقتصاد المعرفة.
اشتمل الأنموذج العام على عناصر التصميم التعليمية المتمثلة بـ(المدخلات- العمليات - المخرجات).
تأثير مكملات فيتامين د على حالة مثيلة الجين SLC30A10 على خطوط خلايا سرطان القولون
Authors: سيف رضا غانم  , أ.د. محمد امين كراجيان  
Published: April 2024

الخلفية: بشكل عام، يعد سرطان القولون والمستقيم ثالث أكثر أنواع السرطان شيوعًا وثاني أكثر أنواع السرطان فتكًا بعد سرطان الثدي والرئة. لم تتم تغطية ارتباط لسرطانات بالتعبير عن جين خروج بريطانيا من الاتحاد الأوروبي. الميثيل هو نوع فرعي من علم الوراثة اللاجينية وبالتالي يمكن تغييره بواسطة مستقبلات الميثيل أو الأدوية المانحة. وفقًا للدراسات الحديثة، فإن جين SLC30A10 مفرط الميثيل في سرطان القولون والمستقيم ويظهر انخفاضًا في التعبير. من ناحية أخرى، تم إجراء العديد من الدراسات حول التأثير اللاجيني لفيتامين د على الجينات المختلفة المسؤولة عن الأمراض والسرطانات المختلفة. لذلك، هدفنا في هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة التأثير اللاجيني لهذه المادة في خطوط خلايا سرطان القولون والمستقيم SW48 وHT29 على مثيلة هذا الجين.
الطريقة: أولا، كمية فيتامين د في حدود 0 إلى 250 ملجم من فيتامين د بعد 24 ساعة وتم حساب IC50 لتكون 95 ملجم / مل. تمت معالجة الخلايا باستخدام وسط DMEM وRPMI لمدة 24 ساعة عند 37 درجة مئوية و5% ثاني أكسيد الكربون مع 25 ملغم/مل فيتامين د. وبعد استخلاص الحامض النووي واختبارات الجودة والكمية، تم إجراء ثنائي كبريتيت العينات. أخيرًا، تم تقييم حالة المثيلة للعينات باستخدام بادئات محددة، PCR في الوقت الحقيقي.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج أن جرعة 95 ملغ من فيتامين د على خلايا HT29 بمستوى معنوي (قيمة P <0.05) تقلل من مثيلة الجين SLC30A10.
الخلاصة: من المؤمل أن تسلط هذه النتيجة الضوء على علاج جديد لسرطان القولون. ومع ذلك، فإن إدخال فيتامين د كمكمل دوائي فعال لاتفاقية حقوق الطفل يتطلب المزيد من الدراسات. يوصى بدراسة التأثيرات اللاجينية لفيتامين د على الجينات الرئيسية الأخرى في سرطان القولون مثل APC، TP53، KRAS، NRAS، BRAF في خطوط خلايا مختلفة.
Guía de procedimiento asistencial de enfermería en el cuidado a pacientes con lesiones de pie diabético de grado I
Authors: Purizaca-Bazán Patricia del Rosario , Gonzáles-Delgado Leyla Rossana 
Published: April 2024

El déficit de criterios unificados en la practica de los cuidados de enfermería, puede conllevar a incurrir errores durante los procedimientos. Por esta razón, la presente guía de procedimiento asistencial de enfermería (GPAE) tiene como objetivo, estandarizar los cuidados de enfermería sobre el tratamiento de lesiones de pie diabético de grado I y disminuir las complicaciones como la amputación. Tipo de estudio descriptivo, de revisión de literatura; el proceso de recolección de la información se realizó mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva en revistas de alto impacto y otros medios confiables como Scopus, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scielo, repositorios y Google Académico. Esta revisión aborda las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, materiales y equipos necesarios, etapas del procedimiento de atención, las complicaciones y recomendaciones. Se concluye que la GPAE, permite minimizar errores y normalizar los cuidados enfermeros a pacientes con lesiones de pie diabetico de grado I, generando impacto en la salud de la población. Finalmente se enfatiza seguir desarrollando GPAE para generar expectativas en los cuidados enfermeros y en la salud del país.
Rear Axle Whine Reduction by Gear Contact Patch Optimization
Authors: Atul A Gaikwad  , Shriniwas D Chivate  , Dr. Nagesh H Walke  
Published: April 2024

In-cab whine is a highly annoying phenomena in all the category of vehicles. The in-cab noise of passenger vehicle with Rear Wheel Drive ( RWD) considered for this study consist of axle whine noise. The whine noise is heard at multiple speeds during Wide Open Throttle (WOT) as well as coasting. To resolve the issue of whine noise, series of measurement are carried out to identify the source and transfer path of the whine. The noise measurement revealed that rear axle pinion mesh order is responsible for in-cab whine. It is confirmed through measurement that the whine is structure borne. The order based operational deflections shapes of rear axle show excessive vibration on differential nose in affected speed zones. It is thus learnt that whine is due to poor contact pattern of pinion and crown wheel of the rear axle. The three resonances in operation range amplify this mesh order resulting in whine. It is decided to work on noise source i.e. gear rather than transfer path. The hypoid gear design is optimized through Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA). The lapping and heat treatment processes of gear manufacturing are modified. The contact pattern of optimized gear is identified on gear tester machine. Significant improvement is observed in contact pattern. The in-cab noise measurement is carried out with optimized hypoid gear and it is found that the whine is completely eliminated.
Keywords: Rear axle, Whine reduction, Gear contact, Patch optimization, Rear Wheel Drive, Whine Source, Vibration on Transfer Paths, Noise Generation, Hypoid Gear, Heat Treatment
Design Optimization of LCV CAB for Frontal Pendulum Test: Enhancing Survival Space Improvement Through Frugal Load Path Transfer Techniques
Authors: G. Raghuraman  , A. Bakkiyavathi  , R.D. Yoganand  
Published: April 2024

In the fiercely competitive landscape of the automotive industry, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) encounter substantial challenges in the realm of Research and Development (R&D), particularly in the pursuit of lightweight design without compromising safety. As a result, the automotive sector continuously seeks innovative tools and methodologies to substantially optimize the structural composition of Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) segments. The design of lightweight cabins, while simultaneously ensuring crashworthiness, not only plays a pivotal role in determining the market success of a new LCV but also holds significant legal implications. One well-established and indispensable evaluation tool to ascertain compliance with critical homologation requirements is the frontal pendulum test. This test serves as a litmus test for the appropriate design of Body in White (BIW) architecture, crucial for safeguarding occupant safety in unforeseen emergency scenarios.Within the context of adhering to styling themes and the design intent governing the three-dimensional (3D) geometry, a notable deviation emerged in the form of a 33 mm extension of the front panel in the newly stylized cabin. This deviation presented CAB engineers with a formidable challenge, as it disrupted the conventional load path of the frontal pendulum, rerouting it to the CAB itself instead of the intended transfer to the frame via the bull bar. The primary objective of this work is to restore the load path to the frame, all the while adhering to the original styling intent and refraining from introducing any additional modifications to major adjacent components such as the bumper and bumper reinforcement. Furthermore, this undertaking extends to encompass an exploration of cost reduction opportunities within the ambit of the newly styled CAB.
Keywords: LCV CAB, Frontal Pendulum, Frugal Load, Occupant safety regulation, Styling impact, Pendulum impact, CAE simulation
MARKETING RESEARCH OF HONEY CONSUMER PREFERENCES IN THE MARKETS OF KOSTANAY REGION
Authors: Oryntayeva Makpal , Izabaev Azamat , Aubakirov Marat , Zhiengali Aruzhan 
Published: April 2024

Bee honey is a valuable, multicomponent unique product produced by bees from the nectar of honey plants. In the human diet, honey is an alternative to sugar and sugar-containing foods as a healthier food product.
Within the framework of this article, a marketing study and analysis of preferences among consumers of honey and other bee products among residents of Kostanay and the region were conducted.
Today, about 50% of honey is produced in China, Argentina, the USA, Ukraine, Turkey, and Russia. Honey exporting countries are characterized by flexible economic and organizational interaction. The main role is played by the mechanisms of legal protection and the developed infrastructure of the industry, which ensures full-fledged work, sales of products, and the receipt of foreign exchange earnings to the country's budget.
The materials of this article contain an analysis of the types of bee products consumed, quality criteria when choosing honey, other bee products, as well as factors determining the choice of consumers. Also, the priorities of the origin of honey (apiaries) have been determined among consumers.
The study grouped the key characteristics of honey consumers in the areas of Kostanay region that affect their behavior, desires and preferences. By quantitative analysis of the results of the survey of the target audience, an average portrait of buyers of honey and other bee products has been compiled, which can be used by entrepreneurs at all stages of planning and promoting their products.
A literary review of the state of knowledge of this issue was conducted, citing articles from domestic and foreign sources.
The results obtained can be used by domestic producers in the development and optimization of a strategy for promoting bee products.
ТҰЗДАНҒАН ТОПЫРАҚТЫ ЖАҚСАРТУ ӘДІСТЕРІН ЭКОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ БАҒАЛАУ
Authors: Сейітқазиев Әдеубай , Мұсабеков Қыдыралы , Естаев Қуат , Сейітқазиева Қарлығаш , Даулетбай Салтанат 
Published: April 2024

Зерттеулер егіншілік экожүйесінде Жамбыл облысы, Байзақ ауданының суғармалы сұр топырақтарында жүргізілген. Топырақ сипаттамаларының толық нәтижелерін алу үшін екі бағыт белгіленген. Бірінші бағыттағы зерттеулер тұзданған және сортаңды жерлердің су-физикалық қасиеттерін, топырақ тығыздығының әр түрлі көрсеткіштеріндегі топырақ ылғалының динамикасын анықтауға арналған. Екінші бағытта- тұзды жерлерді жақсарту әдістері, атап айтқанда, жүйектер мен атыздар бойынша суғару технологиялары және терең қопсыту арқылы ресурс үнемдейтін топырақтағы тұздарды шаю технологиялары қарастырылған. Сонымен қатар қолданылған мелиоративтік шаралардың тиімділігі экологиялық тұрғыда бағаланған.
Сор топырақты егістіктерді жақсарту мақсатында тұзды шаюды терең қопсытумен ұштастыра жүргізудің қажеттілігі танаптық және монолиттік зерттеулер жүргізу арқылы анықталған. Сонымен қатар, ыза суларының деңгейі жер бетінен жақын жатқан егістіктерде шаюды, мүмкіндігінше, жабық коллекторлы–керізді желілері бар танаптарда, қолдану ұсынылған. Егер ондай мүмкіндік болмаса уақытша ашық керіздер арқылы өткізуге болады. Мұндағы α топырақтағы тұздардың шайылу деңгейін бағалайтын көрсеткіш болып табылады және орындалған топырақты жақсарту тәсілдерін экологиялық бағалауға қолданылған. Тұзданған топырақты шаюдың тиімділігі топырақтың өңделуіне, әсіресе тереңдігімен жер жырту әдісімен тікелей байланысты екендігін көрсетті.