bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Gaps Between Biodefense Researchers, Public Health, and Clinical Practice in a Rural Community
Authors: Van Fleet‐Green Jessica M. , Chen Frederick M. , House Peter 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT:
Objective:

It is essential for health care professionals to be prepared for a bioterrorist attack or other public health emergency. We sought to determine how well biodefense and emerging infectious disease research information was being disseminated to rural health care providers, first responders, and public health officials. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted at a federally funded research institution and a rural community in Washington state with 10 subjects, including researchers, community physicians and other health care providers, first responders, and public health officials. Results: The interviews suggest there is inadequate information dissemination regarding biodefense and emerging infectious disease research and an overall lack of preparedness for a bioterrorist event among rural clinicians and first responders. Additionally, a significant communication gap exists between public health and clinical practice regarding policies for bioterrorism and emerging infectious disease. There was, however, support and understanding for the research enterprise in bioterrorism. Conclusions: Biodefense preparedness and availability of information about emerging infectious diseases continues to be a problem. Methods for information dissemination and the relationships between public health officials and clinicians in rural communities need to be improved.
Purinergic activation of a leak potassium current in freshly dissociated myocytes from mouse thoracic aorta
Authors: Hayoz S. , Bychkov R. , Serir K. , Docquier M. , Bény J.‐L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim: Exogenous ATP elicits a delayed calcium‐independent K+current on freshly isolated mouse thoracic aorta myocytes. We investigated the receptor, the intracellular pathway and the nature of this current.Methods: The patch‐clamp technique was used to record ATP‐elicited delayed K+current in freshly dissociated myocytes.Results: ATP‐elicited delayed K+current was not inhibited by a ‘cocktail’ of K+channel blockers (4‐AP, TEA, apamin, charybdotoxin, glibenclamide). The amplitude of the delayed K+current decreased after the reduction of extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.5. These two characteristics suggest that this current could be carried by the TASK subfamily of ‘twin‐pore potassium channels’ (K2P). Purinergic agonists including dATP, but not ADP, activated the delayed K+current, indicating that P2Y11is the likely receptor involved in its activation. The PKC activator phorbol ester 12,13‐didecanoate stimulated this current. In addition, the PKC inhibitor Gö 6850 partially inhibited it. Real‐time quantitative PCR showed that the genes encoding TASK‐1 and TASK‐2 are expressed.Conclusion: Our results indicate that blocker cocktail‐insensitive delayed K+current in freshly dissociated aortic myocytes is probably carried by the TASK subfamily of twin‐pore channels.
MiR‐92b and miR‐9/9* Are Specifically Expressed in Brain Primary Tumors and Can Be Used to Differentiate Primary from Metastatic Brain Tumors
Authors: Nass Dvora , Rosenwald Shai , Meiri Eti , Gilad Shlomit , Tabibian‐Keissar Hilla , Schlosberg Anat , Kuker Hagit , Sion‐Vardy Netta , Tobar Ana , Kharenko Oleg , Sitbon Einat , Lithwick Yanai Gila , Elyakim Eran , Cholakh Hila , Gibori Hadas , Spector Yael , Bentwich Zvi , Barshack Iris , Rosenfeld Nitzan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA recurring challenge for brain pathologists is to diagnose whether a brain malignancy is a primary tumor or a metastasis from some other tissue. The accurate diagnosis of brain malignancies is essential for selection of proper treatment. MicroRNAs are a class of small non‐coding RNA species that regulate gene expression; many exhibit tissue‐specific expression and are misregulated in cancer. Using microRNA expression profiling, we found that hsa‐miR‐92b and hsa‐miR‐9/hsa‐miR‐9* are over‐expressed, specifically in brain primary tumors, as compared to primary tumors from other tissues and their metastases to the brain. By considering the expression of only these two microRNAs, it is possible to distinguish between primary and metastatic brain tumors with very high accuracy. These microRNAs thus represent excellent biomarkers for brain primary tumors. Previous reports have found that hsa‐miR‐92b and hsa‐miR‐9/hsa‐miR‐9* are expressed more strongly in developing neurons and brain than in adult brain. Thus, their specific over‐expression in brain primary tumors supports a functional role for these microRNAs or a link between neuronal stem cells and brain tumorigenesis.
Detergent‐Insoluble EAAC1/EAAT3 Aberrantly Accumulates in Hippocampal Neurons of Alzheimer's Disease Patients
Authors: Duerson Kevin , Woltjer Randall L. , Mookherjee Paramita , Leverenz James B. , Montine Thomas J. , Bird Thomas D. , Pow David V. , Rauen Thomas , Cook David G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDisturbed glutamate homeostasis may contribute to the pathological processes involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Once glutamate is released from synapses or from other intracellular sources, it is rapidly cleared by glutamate transporters. EAAC1 (also called EAAT3 or SLC1A1) is the primary glutamate transporter in forebrain neurons. In addition to transporting glutamate, EAAC1 plays other roles in regulating GABA synthesis, reducing oxidative stress in neurons, and is important in supporting neuron viability. Currently, little is known about EAAC1 in AD. To address whether EAAC1 is disturbed in AD, immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue from hippocampus and frontal cortex of AD and normal control subjects matched for age and gender. While EAAC1 immunostaining in cortex appeared comparable to controls, in the hippocampus, EAAC1 aberrantly accumulated in the cell bodies and proximal neuritic processes of CA2‐CA3 pyramidal neurons in AD patients. Biochemical analyses showed that Triton X‐100‐insoluble EAAC1 was significantly increased in the hippocampus of AD patients compared to both controls and Parkinson's disease patients. These findings suggest that aberrant glutamate transporter expression is associated with AD‐related neuropathology and that intracellular accumulation of detergent‐insoluble EAAC1 is a feature of the complex biochemical lesions in AD that include altered protein solubility.
Expression level of lipoprotein lipase in Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its correlation with other prognostic factors
Authors: XU W. , LI J.‐Y. , SHEN Q.‐D. , WU Y.‐J. , YU H. , FAN L. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult form of leukemia in the Western world, however, infrequent in the Eastern. It shows a remarkable heterogeneity, with some patients having an almost normal lifespan, others surviving only several years after diagnosis despite intensive therapy. To investigate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression level in Chinese patients with CLL and its correlation with other prognostic factors, including immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable region (IgVH) mutation status, Binet stages, ZAP‐70 protein and CD38 expression level, semiquantitative RT‐PCR was used to detect LPL expression in peripheral blood samples of 58 Chinese patients with CLL. LPL expression level was significantly correlated with IgVH mutational status (r = 0.348, P = 0.010), Binet stages (r = 0.276, P = 0.036), ZAP‐70 protein (r = 0.431, P = 0.001) and CD38 (r = 0.546, P < 0.001). Patients with unmutated IgVH genes had higher expression of LPL than patients with IgVH mutations. The higher expression level of LPL was also associated with higher level of ZAP‐70 and CD38, and more aggressive Binet stage. We also analyzed LPL expression in different cytogenetic subgroups. Higher LPL level was found in patients with unfavorable cytogenetic aberrations (deletion in 17p13 or 11q22) in contrast to lower level in good risk cytogenetics (deletion in 13q as the sole abnormality) (r = 0.404, P = 0.002). It was showed that LPL expression correlates with IgVH mutational status and other clinical or laboratory prognostic factors, and might be applied for the assessment of prognosis in patients with CLL.
After the flood: the health and social consequences of the 2005 Carlisle flood event
Authors: Convery I. , Bailey C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we consider the health and social impacts of the flooding caused to a number of Carlisle households following the January 2005 floods and storms. In so doing we consider such impacts from a ‘lived, local experience’ perspective. We reflect on the need for both informal support and locally accessible and ongoing, post‐flood information and support centres. Such centres can provide one point of contact for potentially multiple, emotional and practical problems. Crucially we suggest that these centres require both strong multipartnership and multi‐agency working and highly skilled support centre personnel who have local knowledge and understanding of the affected community. In this way, postdisaster local needs may be contextualized and responded to in a way that both draws on existing local knowledge and expertise and further strengthens long‐term community‐based support.
Risk trading in trans‐boundary flood management: case study of the Dutch and German Rhine
Authors: Chang C.‐T. , Leentvaar J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of applying a newly developed risk trading system, the so‐called ‘tradeable flood mitigation permit’, to international flood management. Trading, aimed at complementing binding agreements or regulations, offers a new approach to transnational collaboration. A case study on the Dutch and German River Rhine is presented. The principle of internalising externalities using direct financial means is applied. The expected result is a higher level of river basin management in the upstream area, with financial resources coming from downstream. Specific institutional conditions, at both national and international levels, are identified in order to facilitate the establishment of the transactions.
Dental Discomfort Questionnaire: its use with children with a learning disability
Authors: Versloot Judith , Hall‐Scullin Emma , Veerkamp Jaap S.J. , Freeman Ruth 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether the behaviors from the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ) could help identify toothaches in children with a learning disability, who have a limited capacity to self‐report. The objectives were to examine whether the behaviors from the DDQ occur more often in children with a learning disability who have caries and a toothache than in children who do not have caries and a toothache; and secondly, to examine whether two additional items increase the specificity and sensitivity of the DDQ to recognize a toothache, in this particular population of children with a learning disability.The DDQ was completed by a convenience sample of 58 parents on behalf of their children: 31% girls, aged between 6 and 13 years (mean = 7.5, SD = 2.7).Of the total group, 26% (n = 15) suffered from a toothache and 43% (n = 25) had carious teeth. Children with caries and a toothache had a significantly higher mean DDQ score and displayed more toothache‐related behaviors (e.g., problems with chewing, problems with brushing teeth) than children without caries or toothache.The DDQ seems to be a functional and easy‐to‐use instrument to alert parents to the presence of a toothache in this specific group of children with a learning disability.
Development of a screening tool to assess the suitability of people with a disability for oral care under sedation or general anesthesia
Authors: Prabhu Neeta T. , Nunn June H. , Evans D.J. , Girdler N.M. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to develop a screening tool to assess the suitability of people with disabilities for oral care in different settings. The objectives were to investigate retrospectively the uptake of general anesthetic (GA) services and use this information to develop a composite tool.One hundred cases referred for GA were reviewed to generate data for a Delphi Panel. Patients with disabilities were the subject of a tool, devised by the Delphi Panel, to appropriately allocate patients to the most suitable care, including the patients' medical, behavioral, and social status as well as planned dental treatment complexity. A total of 124 patients, between the ages of 4 and 75 years, in seven centers were treated under sedation or GA, according to the tool. Agreement on behavior assessment between dentists and anesthesiologists was poor.The tool has the potential to identify which people with disabilities can be effectively allocated for treatment under sedation or GA.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: KARAOGLU HAYDAR , LEE CRYSTAL MAN YING , CARTER DEE , MEYER WIELAND 
Published: July 2008

Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans is a haploid basidiomycetous yeast that causes life‐threatening infections in patients with and without impaired immune function. Present typing systems for C. neoformans are limited by either poor standardization or high cost. We present eleven microsatellite loci that were developed from the published genomes of C. neoformans var. neoformans, and are applicable to the varieties and hybrids within C. neoformans.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the Mojave desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii
Authors: HAGERTY B. E. , PEACOCK M. M. , KIRCHOFF V. S. , TRACY C. R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to amplify 14 tri‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Across three populations (87 individuals) located in the Mojave Desert, USA, the markers yielded a range of four to 33 alleles and an average observed heterozygosity of 0.733 (range 0.433 to 0.933). We neither detected linkage disequilibrium between any pair of loci nor did we find a consistent pattern of deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These microsatellites are designed for PCR multiplexing, and provide higher throughput capacity to aid in conservation genetics studies for this threatened species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret
Authors: SANTOS K. L. , SANTOS M. O. , LABORDA P. R. , SOUZA A. P. , PERONI N. , NODARI R. O. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract Acca sellowiana has commercial potential because of the quality and the unique flavor of its fruit. Conservation of natural populations and management of breeding programmes would benefit from the availability of molecular markers that could be used to characterize levels and distribution of genetic variability. Thus, 13 microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched genomic library of A. sellowiana. They were characterized using 40 samples. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.513 to 0.913 and from 0.200 to 0.889, respectively. These are the first microsatellite loci characterized from A. sellowiana that will contribute to improve researches on the genetic conservation, characterization and breeding.
A large panel of novel microsatellite markers for the bank vole (Myodes glareolus)
Authors: RIKALAINEN K. , GRAPPUTO A. , KNOTT E. , KOSKELA E. , MAPPES T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe a set of 66 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from the bank vole, Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus. These microsatellites were characterized for a long‐term study on periodically fluctuating density of the bank vole population in Central Finland. We detected six to 38 alleles per locus in the population sampled at two different density phases, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.17 and 1.00, and between 0.72 and 0.95, respectively. This microsatellite panel serves as an informative tool for population and molecular genetic studies.
Antiphospholipid syndrome: a systemic and multidisciplinary disease
Authors: PAGALAVAN L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was first described by Hughes and colleagues in 1983. Since the first few initial descriptions of the syndrome, almost every organ in the body has been reported to be involved in APS. The ‘Sapporo’ criteria which has been used as the diagnostic criteria since 1999 was recently revised in Sydney before the 11th International Congress on antiphospholipid antibodies in 2006. Over the last 24 years it has evolved into a systemic and multidisciplinary disease. This article looks into the extensive multidisciplinary involvement and presentation of APS including neurology, nephrology, cardiology, respiratory medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, endocrinology, hematology, ophthalmology, dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, gastroenterology, and orthopaedics.
Effect of aquatic respiratory exercise‐based program in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: IDE Maiza Ritomy , LAURINDO Iêda Maria Magalhães , RODRIGUES‐JÚNIOR Antônio Luiz , TANAKA Clarice 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:  This study assessed the effects of an aquatic respiratory exercise‐based program in patients with fibromyalgia (FMS).Methods:  Forty women, aged between 20 and 60 years, were randomly assigned into two groups of 20 patients: the aquatic respiratory exercise‐based program (ARG) and the control group (CTL). The ARG group performed the exercise program for 1 h, four times a week, for 4 weeks which included: (i) warming‐up; (ii) respiratory exercises, consisting of five different breathing patterns, along with upper, lower limbs and trunk movements (45 min); and (iii) relaxation exercises. Both groups were included in supervised recreational activities of 1 h, once a week, for 4 weeks. Questionnaires were applied before and after intervention to assess quality of life and functional capacity (SF‐36, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]), anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale [HAS]), and quality of sleep (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]). Number of tender points and pain (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]) were also evaluated.Results:  At baseline there was no difference between the two groups, including number of tender points and questionnaire responses. After intervention, the ARG group, compared with the CTL group, showed improvement in SF‐36 scores (physical functioning P = 0.001, bodily pain P = 0.001, vitality P = 0.009, social functioning P = 0.001, emotional role P = 0.001), in FIQ (total score P = 0.049, work missed P = 0.036, fatigue P = 0.013, morning tiredness P = 0.007) plus in VAS‐pain (P = 0.029), VAS‐dyspnea (P = 0.04), anxiety (HAS P = 0.005) and quality of sleep (PSQI P = 0.004).Conclusions:  The short‐term aquatic respiratory exercise‐based program improved pain, quality of life, functional capacity, anxiety and quality of sleep in patients with FMS and may be a relevant addition to the treatment of these patients.
TNF‐α polymorphisms in Korean adult‐onset Still's disease patients
Authors: SUNG Yoon‐Kyoung , SEONG Sang‐Seokg , WOO Jin‐Hyun , LEE Myung‐Ho , CHUNG Won‐Tae , CHOE Jeong‐Yoon , YOO Dae‐Hyun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate the role ofTNF‐αpromoter polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of Korean adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) patients.Methods: DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from 58 patients with AOSD meeting Yamaguchi's criteria and 105 healthy controls.TNF‐αpromoter polymorphisms at positions –1013, –863, –857, –308 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotype, allele, and estimated haplotype frequencies were compared between the AOSD group and controls.Results: The genotype, allele distributions, and estimated haplotype frequencies of theTNF‐αpolymorphism between AOSD patients and controls were not significantly different. In addition,TNF‐αpolymorphisms did not appear to have an effect on the disease course of the Korean AOSD patients.Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms ofTNF‐αdo not play a significant role in the development or in their course of Korean AOSD patients.
Seven wonders in the world of rheumatology: a short story of romance, reminiscences and renaissance
Authors: PISPATI Prakash 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGenesis and evolution of contemporary rheumatology is many centuries old. The lessons of medical history, its triumphs and failures, its twists and turns, have all facilitated today's science. Even in the ancient era some rheumatic diseases have been described with vivid accuracy. Among these are gout, spinal afflictions, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as we recognize them today. Ancient systems of medicine such as Ayurveda in India led to the introduction of gold salts. Invention of the microscope paved the way to the birth of microbiology, unfolding infective, and later inflammatory diseases, cellular pathology and immunology. Progress in therapeutics was slow and physicians and rheumatologists had to borrow drugs from other medical disciplines, for example antimalarials and cytotoxics. The Nobel Prize‐winning discovery and development of cortisone was a major landmark in medicine, while also treating rheumatoid arthritis. Thanks to the advent of molecular medicine, rapid strides have been accomplished, and we now have new agents of biotechnology research. Orthopedics with computer‐assisted and robotic surgeries, are becoming almost fail‐safe for specific indications. The nature of chronic rheumatic diseases, necessitating long‐term treatments, have led to the popularity of alternative medicines. Seven significant episodes are essayed herein. Rheumatology is on the threshold of exciting medical progress, enabling the majority of rheumatic patients to enjoy enhanced quality of life.
Efficacy of Oritavancin in a Murine Model of
Bacillus anthracis
Spore Inhalation Anthrax
Authors: Heine H. S. , Bassett J. , Miller L. , Bassett A. , Ivins B. E. , Lehoux D. , Arhin F. F. , Parr T. R. , Moeck G. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

The inhaled form of
Bacillus anthracis
infection may be fatal to humans. The current standard of care for inhalational anthrax postexposure prophylaxis is ciprofloxacin therapy twice daily for 60 days. The potent in vitro activity of oritavancin, a semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide, against
B
.
anthracis
(MIC against Ames strain, 0.015 μg/ml) prompted us to test its efficacy in a mouse aerosol-anthrax model. In postexposure prophylaxis dose-ranging studies, a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of oritavancin of 5, 15, or 50 mg/kg 24 h after a challenge with 50 to 75 times the median lethal dose of Ames strain spores provided 40, 70, and 100% proportional survival, respectively, at 30 days postchallenge. Untreated animals died within 4 days of challenge, whereas 90% of control animals receiving ciprofloxacin at 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily for 14 days starting 24 h after challenge survived. Oritavancin demonstrated significant activity post symptom development; a single i.v. dose of 50 mg/kg administered 42 h after challenge provided 56% proportional survival at 30 days. In a preexposure prophylaxis study, a single i.v. oritavancin dose of 50 mg/kg administered 1, 7, 14, or 28 days before lethal challenge protected 90, 100, 100, and 20% of mice at 30 days; mice treated with ciprofloxacin 24 h or 24 and 12 h before challenge all died within 5 days. Efficacy in pre- and postexposure models of inhalation anthrax, together with a demonstrated low propensity to engender resistance, promotes further study of oritavancin pharmacokinetics and efficacy in nonhuman primate models.