bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulnocarpal arthrodesis for the treatment of radial agenesis in a dog
Authors: Johnson K. A. , Hildreth B. E. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryForelimb deformity caused by radial agenesis was diagnosed in a one-year-old Shih Tzu dog. In contrast to most of the previously reported cases of radial agenesis, the humeroulnar joint was inherently stable. The deformity was treated by means of a one-stage ulnocarpal arthrodesis with the application of an eight hole dorsolateral arthrodesis bone plate and autogenous corticocancellous bone graft from the ilial wing. Radiographic evaluation at the eighth and sixteenth post-operative week showed evidence of union of the arthrodesis. At sixteen weeks post-operatively, the dog had much improved limb function. In humans afflicted with radial agenesis, ulnocarpal arthrodesis is used to restore forearm function by minimizing pain and decreasing the magnitude of angular deformity and instability at the level of the ulnocarpal joint. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment of radial agenesis in the dog by means of a one-stage, ulnocarpal arthrodesis.
Rotating dome trochleoplasty: An experimental technique for correction of patellar luxation using a feline model
Authors: Linn K. , Gillick M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare a trochlear block recession to a rotating dome trochleoplasty, a novel technique for the correction of patellar luxation in small animals. Twenty-eight limbs were used from 14 feline cadavers. With the stifles in flexion and extension, computed tomography was utilized to compare width and depth of the trochlea, medial trochlear ridge height, trochlear articular surface area preserved, patellar contact articular surface area, patellar area covered by the trochlear ridges and patellar tilt angle. The results of this study demonstrated that a rotating dome trochleoplasty is superior to a trochlear block recession with regard to medial trochlear height, trochlear width, trochlear depth and trochlear surface area preservation. The results of this study support further biomechanical evaluation of this technique which eventually may lead to clinical trials.
Patellar luxation as a complication of surgical intervention for the management of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs
Authors: Langley-Hobbs S. J. , Arthurs G. I. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThis retrospective study identified 32 cases of patellar luxation which occurred as a complication of surgical intervention for cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). The complication was recorded mostly in larger (≥20 kg) dogs with the Labrador Retriever being the most common breed. The complication followed extracapsular, intra-capsular and tibial plateau levelling surgery. The mean time from CCLR surgery to the diagnosis of patellar luxation was 14 weeks. The incidence of patellar luxation occurring as a complication of surgical intervention for CCLR was 0.18% of all CCLR corrective procedures. Corrective surgery for patellar luxation was successful in 79% of stifles. The patellar reluxation rate was significantly lower (p=0.0007) when at least one corrective osteotomy (tibial tuberosity transposition, femoral trochlear sulcoplasty or tibial plateau levelling osteotomy with tibial axial re-alignment) was performed (35%), compared to when corrective osteotomy was not performed (100% patellar reluxation rate). When performing corrective surgery for patellar luxation following CCLR surgery, at least one corrective osteotomy should be performed in order to reduce the patellar reluxation rate. The correction of patellar luxation following surgery for CCLR is challenging and carries a significant rate of failure.
Surgical treatment of simple syndactylism with secondary deep digital flexor tendon contracture in a Basset Hound
Authors: Friedlander K. , Ko R. , Aper R. , Breur G. , Towle H. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA five-month-old, female Basset Hound was presented for lameness associated with a fused 3rd and 4th digital pad on the left hind limb (simple incomplete syndactyly), and secondary contracture of the deep digital flexure tendon of the 3rd and 4th digit. An onychectomy of the third phalanx of the third and fourth digits was performed. Following the operation, the dog gained good use of the affected limb for one month until intermittent non-weight bearing lameness developed. A second surgery was performed six months later, partially removing the second phalanx of digits three and four. Follow-up reports indicate that the dog is doing well and is without lameness. This is the first report of deep digital flexor tendon contracture and surgical treatment of this complication in canine simple syndactylism.
Chronic peritoneal effusion secondary to partial caudal vena cava obstruction following traumatic pneumothorax in a dog
Authors: Arnold P. , von Segesser L. K. , Montavon P. M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA three-year old, female Boxer Dog was treated initially with thoracocentesis for a right-sided pneumothorax. The dog was re-evaluated after three weeks because of an enlargement of the abdomen. A positive venogram revealed a ventral displacement of the caudal vena cava between the diaphragm and the heart, with a severe reduction of the diameter of the vein. An exploratory thoracotomy showed a displaced accessory lung lobe with an adhesion to the parietal pleura. Inflation of this lung lobe created a dynamic obstruction of the caudal vena cava, which resulted in ascites. Surgery offered successful treatment.
Rod-through-plate fixation of canine diaphyseal fractures
Authors: Andrianov V. , Tralman G. , Hõim R. , Haviko T. , Lenzner A. , Pääsuke M. , Arend A. , Aunapuu M. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryEfficacy of the rod-through-plate fixation for fracture repair was evaluated in six clinical cases of canine long bone fractures. This fixation incorporates principles of intramedullary and extramedullary osteosynthesis for transverse and short oblique fractures of long tubular bones. The plate-through-rod device is comprised of one pair of curved rods, a connecting plate and two bone screws. The connecting plate has both a hole and a channel on each end. Curved rods have a long curved part and a straight part with a hole in it for screw fixation. All components are made up of medical stainless steel. Clinical and radiographical examinations were performed from week seven to18 months after the operation. Functional abnormalities were not observed at this period in five patients and all fractures were healed. In one patient screw stripping in the proximal fragment of the femur was detected radiologically and minimal implant dislocation was noted at seven weeks after the initial repair. The rod-through-plate fixation method gives strong fixation of bone fragments with minimal traumatization of soft tissue during the operation. The design of the rod-through-plate is intended to reduce pressure of the plate on the cortex in the area of the fracture, whereas the dynamic fixation provided by the intramedullary rods may allow micromotion, thus stimulating callus formation and avoiding implant- induced osteoporosis. Clinical relevance: The rod-through-plate fixator has a simple construction and its use expands the treatment possibilities for diaphyseal fractures of long bones.
A mechanical evaluation of pre-tapped and self-tapped screws in small bones
Authors: Bell J. C. , Ness M. G. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to compare the holding powers of 2.7 mm pre-tapped and self-tapped screws placed closely together and tightened in small bones. Pairs of metatarsals were collected from healthy, skeletally mature Greyhounds and part of a 2.7 mm dynamic compression plate was fixed to the dorsal surface of each bone using three 2.7 mm screws. Identical screws were used throughout but only one of each pair of bones had threads pre-cut using a tap prior to insertion. All of the screws were tightened before the constructs were mounted in a materials testing machine and the centrally placed screw was loaded incrementally until failure. Load-deformation curves were plotted and yield point, ultimate load to failure, stiffness and energy prior to yield point were measured. Mean values were recorded for each parameter and Student's T-test was used to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in holding power between pre-tapped and self-tapped screws. Significant mechanical differences were not found between pre-tapped and self-tapped screws placed closely together and tightened into small bones. Self-tapped screws can be considered for use in small animal surgery even when multiple screws are to be placed closely together in relatively small pieces of bone.
Augmentation of the transverse acetabular ligament in canine caudoventral hip luxation
Authors: Montavon P. M. , Venzin C. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryOpen surgical fixation was performed on four hip joints in three dogs who were suffering from caudoventral hip luxations for which closed reduction had previously failed. Stabilization of the joint was achieved with a ventral coxofemoral approach, which augmented the function of the transverse acetabular ligament using a sling implant through a bone tunnel (n=1), a sling implant around two pelvic screws (n=1), or an internal fixator plate (n=2). Transverse acetabular ligament augmentation resulted in successful joint stabilization in all cases, and should be considered for the surgical reduction of caudoventral hip luxations in dogs. The use of an internal fixator plate, while preserving soft-tissue blood supply and resulting in minimal to no long-term arthritic changes, may provide an optimal outcome.
Radiographic and clinical features of carpal varus associated with chronic sprain of the lateral collateral ligament complex in 10 dogs
Authors: Hamilton M. H. , Pratt J. N. J. , Langley-Hobbs S. J. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryLameness associated with carpal varus deformity was recognised in 10 dogs, eight of which were Dobermann Pinschers. The dogs had a mean age of seven years and nine months. Carpal varus was usually bilateral with concurrent carpal hyperflexion and pronation. Carpal varus was present prior to the onset of lameness in four cases. With stress radiography the median angle of varus deviation in all carpi was 14.6°, and an increase in the size of the ulnar /ulnar carpal bone joint space was seen in six of the seven dogs. Radiographic changes included: enthesophyte formation at the proximolateral aspect of metacarpal V, periarticular soft tissue swelling, especially lateral, bone proliferation at the carpometacarpal joint I and enthesophyte formation at metacarpophalangeal joint V. Four dogs were admitted for problems other than carpal varus and lameness was not treated. Five dogs were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but lameness was not completely resolved and became exacerbated with exercise. One dog was successfully treated by pancarpal arthrodesis.
Fixation of humeral intercondylar fractures using a lateral plate in 14 dogs supported by finite element analysis of repair
Authors: Comiskey D. P. , Mac Donald B. , Garvan C. B. , Mc Cartney W. T. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryFourteen Spaniels that presented with an intercondylar fracture of the distal humerus were managed using a lateral plate and an additional pin in twelve cases. Fixation of the fracture was achieved using a plate applied laterally which incorporated the transcondylar lag screw in the most distal hole. Of the 14 cases, two had poor results, one of which was a bilateral case, whilst the remaining 12 cases had good or very good results with only occasional stiffness or lameness. Finite element (FE) modelling of a distal humerus was generated, and loading of fracture repairs using a lateral plate and caudal plate was completed in a comparative study to determine which fixation method resisted micro-motion most effectively. Finite element analysis revealed that the lateral plate fixation provided significantly more resistance to micro movement at the fracture site that the caudal plate fixation, with 40% more micro-motion in the latter.
Mechanoreceptors in the medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments of the canine shoulder joint
Authors: Spadari A. , Bombardi C. , Casadio Tozzi A. , De Sordi N. , Lucchi M. L. , Grandis A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryIn order to have a better understanding of the role of ligaments in canine shoulder joint stability, the presence of mechanoreceptors in the medial (MGHL) and lateral (LGHL) glenohumeral ligaments was detected by means of a modified gold chloride stain. Three morphologically distinct mechanoreceptors were identified: Ruffini receptors (type I endings), Pacinian corpuscles (type II endings) and Golgi tendon organ-like receptors (type III endings). These receptors are mainly localized at each end of the ligaments and are prevalently in their glenoid portion. In particular, in the MGHL the highest density was at the cranial arm of the insertion into the scapula. The variety of mechanoreceptors in canine shoulder ligaments might indicate an afferent function in providing the CNS with joint proprioceptive information. Therefore, besides acting as passive mechanical stabilizers, the MGHL and the LGHL may serve as sensory structures, contributing actively to joint stability. Ligamentous injuries which occur in shoulders not only affect mechanical restraint but also alter the proprioceptive input to the CNS by means of disruption of the mechanoreceptors.
Force plate gait analysis at the walk and trot in dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness
Authors: Imhof J. , Kaestner S. , Montavon P. M. , Voss K. 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of force plate gait analysis at the walk and trot in dogs with low-grade hindlimb lameness. Material and methods: Nineteen healthy dogs and 41 dogs with low-grade unilateral hindlimb lameness due to stifle or hip joint problems were walked and trotted over a force plate. Peak vertical forces (PVF) were recorded, and a symmetry index (SI) was calculated from the PVF of the hindlimbs. ‘Cut-off’ values were determined from the SI of the normal dogs. These cut-off values were used to discriminate lame dogs from normal ones. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated for measurements at walk and trot, and the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient (k) was used to determine the agreement between clinical lameness and force plate measurements, and between force plate results at walk and trot. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve were plotted for both gaits to evaluate accuracy. Results: The sensitivity of the measurements at walk was 0.63, and specifity was 0.95. The sensitivity of the measurements at trot was 0.90, and specificity was 1.0. Moderate agreement was found between force plate measurements at walk and trot, and between clinical gait assessment and force plate measurements at walk. Good agreement was found between clinical gait assessment and measurements at trot. ROC analyses revealed the trot (94.7% [91.7%; 97.7%]) to be the more accurate test than the walk (85.0% [80.1%; 89.9%]). Conclusion: The trotting gait was more sensitive and accurate than the walking gait for the differentiation of dogs with a low-grade hindlimb lameness from normal ones using force plate gait analysis.
Management of traumatic urethral rupture in 11 cats using primary alignment with a urethral catheter
Authors: Sarrau S. , Autefage A. , Meige F. 
Published: July 2007

Summary
Objective: To assess the management of traumatic urethral ruptures using a systematic attempt at urethral catheterisation. Methods: Eleven cats that had been diagnosed with a traumatic urethral rupture over a five- year period were included in this study. Rupture was assessed by positive-contrast retrograde urethrography. An attempt was made to manage these ruptures by placing an indwelling urethral catheter. Results: The placement of an indwelling urethral catheter, could be performed in 10 out of 11 cats, which indicated a partial rupture. In one cat, catheterisation was not possible because of complete urethral rupture. A urethral catheter was placed into the urinary bladder via the urethra in five animals. In the other five animals, urethral catheterization required cystotomyusing a modified ‘inside to outside’ technique. Urethral catheter removal occurred between five and 14 days after placement. Urethral healing was accomplished in all cases of catheterisation with a good outcome in eight of the 10 cats. Two cats showed clinical signs related to stricture formation during the follow-up period (seven to 72 months). Retrograde urethrography provided a definitive diagnosis of partial rupture in only six of the 10 cases of partial rupture. Clinical significance: Results suggested that primary alignment with the placement of a urethral catheter should be attempted for the management of traumatic urethral ruptures in cats. Gentle urethral catheterisation seems to be an effective procedure for diagnosing and dealing with partial urethral rupture in cats. Clinical stricture formation can occur, but the risk does not seem to be high. Further studies are warranted in order to define the ideal duration for maintenance of an indwelling urethral catheter in cases of traumatic partial urethral rupture.
The role of bone morphogenetic proteins in articular cartilage development, homeostasis and repair
Authors: Oshin A. O. , Stewart M. C. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily of secreted ligands. BMPs regulate a diverse range of developmental processes during embryogenesis and postnatal development, and control the differentiation of several musculoskeletal tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon and ligaments. The ability of BMPs to modulate the phenotype of cells in these tissue lineages suggests that these factors could be valuable for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. In fact, BMPs-2 and -7 are already in clinical use for bone regeneration. This review addresses the signaling mechanisms by which BMPs regulate cellular processes, the role of BMPs in articular cartilage development and joint formation, and the data that supports the use of BMPs for in vitro phenotypic support of articular chondrocyte cultures, chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and articular cartilage repair. Given the documented importance of BMP activity for normal joint formation, articular cartilage development and maintenance, the chondrogenic activity of BMPs when applied to MSC cultures and the encouraging outcomes of several in vivo cartilage repair studies, BMP therapies hold considerable promise for effective cartilage repair and/or regeneration. Future advances in the control of BMP elution from biocompatible matrices and prolonged, dose-controlled BMP expression by genetically engineered cells should substantially improve cartilage repair strategies using BMPs and similar chondro-protective proteins.
Protection from CMV infection in immunodeficient hosts by adoptive transfer of memory B cells
Authors: Klenovsek Karin , Weisel Florian , Schneider Andrea , Appelt Uwe , Jonjic Stipan , Messerle Martin , Bradel-Tretheway Birgit , Winkler Thomas H. , Mach Michael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSevere disease associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is still a major problem in patients who undergo transplantation. Support of the patients' immune defense against the virus is a major goal in transplantation medicine. We have used the murine model of CMV (MCMV) to investigate the potential of a cell-based strategy to support the humoral antiviral immune response. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice were infected with MCMV, and memory B cells from the immune animals were adoptively transferred into T-cell– and B-cell–deficient RAG-1−/− mice. Following MCMV infection, a virus-specific IgG response developed within 4 to 7 days in the recipient animals. Concomitantly, a significant reduction in viral titers and DNA copies in several organs was observed. In addition, the memory B-cell transfer provided long-term protection from the lethal course of the infection that is invariably seen in immunodeficient animals. Transfer of memory B cells was also effective in protecting from an already ongoing viral infection, indicating a therapeutic potential of virus-specific memory B cells. T cells were not involved in this process. Our data provide evidence that a cell-based strategy to support the humoral immune response can be effective to combat infectious pathogens in severely immunodeficient hosts.
Crucial pathophysiological role of CXCR2 in experimental ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Buanne Pasquale , Di Carlo Emma , Caputi Lorenzo , Brandolini Laura , Mosca Marco , Cattani Franca , Pellegrini Luigi , Biordi Leda , Coletti Gino , Sorrentino Carlo , Fedele Guido , Colotta Francesco , Melillo Gabriella , Bertini Riccardo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPolymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and activation into colonic mucosa are believed to play a pivotal role in mediating tissue damage in human ulcerative colitis (UC). Ligands of human CXC chemokine receptor 1 and 2 (CXCR1/R2) are chemoattractants of PMN, and high levels were found in the mucosa of UC patients. To investigate the pathophysiological role played by CXCR2 in experimental UC, we induced chronic experimental colitis in WT and CXCR2−/− mice by two consecutive cycles of 4% dextran sulfate sodium administration in drinking water. In wild-type (WT) mice, the chronic relapsing of DSS-induced colitis was characterized by clinical signs and histopathological findings that closely resemble human disease. CXCR2−/− mice failed to show PMN infiltration into the mucosa and, consistently with a key role of PMN in mediating tissue damage in UC, showed limited signs of mucosal damage and reduced clinical symptoms. Our data demonstrate that CXCR2 plays a key pathophysiological role in experimental UC, suggesting that CXCR2 activation may represent a relevant pharmacological target for the design of novel pharmacological treatments in human UC.
β-Glucan ofCandida albicanscell wall causes the subversion of human monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells
Authors: Nisini Roberto , Torosantucci Antonella , Romagnoli Giulia , Chiani Paola , Donati Simona , Gagliardi Maria Cristina , Teloni Raffaela , Sargentini Valeria , Mariotti Sabrina , Iorio Egidio , Cassone Antonio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe functional consequences of treating human monocytes with purified and chemically characterized Candida albicans β-glucan—a major microbial pathogen associated molecular pattern—on their differentiation into dendritic cells (DC) were investigated. We show here that β-glucan-treated monocytes differentiated into mature DC (Glu-MoDC) with altered phenotype and functional behavior, similarly to DC derived from C. albicans germ-tubes-infected monocytes (Gt-MoDC). They failed to express CD1a and to up-regulate CD80 and DR molecules. Moreover, they produced IL-10 but not IL-12 and primed naive T cells without inducing their functional polarization into effector cells. Since C. albicans β-glucan is a mixture of both β-(1,3) and β-(1,6) glucan, we investigated their relative contribution by the use of non-Candida β-glucan structural analogs. We found that high molecular weight (MW) glucans β−(1,6) pustulan and β-(1,3) curdlan totally mimicked the effect of C. albicans β-glucan, while the low MW β-(1,3) glucan laminarin did not have any effect. Because β-glucan is a common constituent of all fungi and is abundantly released in vivo during systemic fungal infection, this novel effect of β-glucan has potential implications for host-parasite relationship in candidiasis and other mycoses. In particular, our data suggest that β-glucan could bias noninfected, bystander monocytes, thus aggravating the general immunodeficiency, predisposing to systemic fungal infection.