bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Aging Effects on Color and Translucency of Bleaching‐Shade Composites
Authors: PARAVINA RADE D. , ONTIVEROS JOE C. , POWERS JOHN M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose::This study was performed to evaluate the influence of accelerated aging on the color and translucency parameter (TP) of bleaching‐shade resin composites.Materials and Methods:Thirty‐three bleaching shades and two control conventional shades of microhybrid (MH) and microfill (MF) resin composite specimens (n = 5) were aged in an accelerated aging chamber set to standard CAM 180 cycles. One side of each specimen was evaluated for surface color and TP changes compared with baseline in increments of 150 kJ/m2 for intervals up to 450 kJ/m2 using a spectrophotometer. A ΔE* 3.7 was considered to be a poor match, and the total TP range was divided into three equal parts representing low, medium, and high translucency. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance.Results:Compared to the baseline, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE* ranges at 450 kJ/m2 were ‐0.8 to 5.0, ‐0.6 to 1.2, ‐8.3 to 0.0, and 0.7 to 8.6 for MH and 0.2 to 1.3, 0.1 to 1.3, ‐2.5 to 1.1, and 1.7 to 2.7 for MF composites. Scheffé's S intervals (p < =.05) for comparisons of ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE* values of MH composites between baseline and 450 kJ/m2 were 1.6, 0.6, 1.7, and 1.5, respectively. Corresponding Tukey‐Kramer intervals for MF composites were 0.7, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.6, respectively. TP values at baseline ranged from 0.9 to 4.3 for MH and from 1.4 to 2.2 for MF composites, whereas ΔTP for baseline minus 450 kJ/m2 ranged from ‐1.1 to 1.7 for MH and from ‐0.1 to 0.3 for MF composites. Scheffé's S interval (p < =.05) for comparisons of ΔTP values of MH composites for baseline minus 450 kJ/m2 was 1.0. Corresponding Tukey‐Kramer interval for MF composites was 0.4.Conclusions: Aging‐dependent color changes at 450 kJ/m2 were above the limit that indicated a poor match for 18/26 MH, while corresponding values for microfills were within acceptable range. Accelerated aging generally caused decreases in L* (specimens became darker) and a* values (specimens became redder), while b* values increased (specimens became more chromatic) for both MH and MF composites. TP was relatively stable during aging for both MH and MF composites.
Growth‐Inhibitory Effect of Antibacterial Self‐Etching Primer on Mutans Streptococci Obtained from Arrested Carious Lesions
Authors: KITASAKO YUICHI , SENPUKU HIDENOBU , FOXTON RICHARD M. , HANADA NOBUHIRO , TAGAMI JUNJI 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:An antibacterial self‐etching primer has been developed to inhibit bacterial attachment and plaque accumulation on the tooth surfaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth‐inhibitory effect of an antibacterial self‐etching primer on mutans streptococci obtained from arrested carious lesions.Materials and Methods:Softened dentin specimens were obtained from arrested carious lesions with an excavator or a round steel bur. The effect of a commercial antibacterial self‐etching primer and a commercial self‐etching primer on the total streptococci on Mitis‐Salivarius (MS) agar plates and on Streptococcus mutans on MS agar plates containing 0.02 M bacitracin (MSB) was evaluated. Specimens with no primer were used as controls. The number of colonies of both total streptococci and S. mutans were compared statistically with two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's Protected Least Squares Differences (PLSD) test (p < .05).Results:The number of colonies of total streptococci (CFU/mL) for the two methods (excavator and round steel bur) were as follows: for the control, 5.0 × 106 and 5.0 × 106; for the self‐etching primer, 1.0 × 105 and 1.0 × 105; and for the antibacterial self‐etching primer, 0 and 0. The number of colonies of S. mutans for the two methods (excavator and round steel bur) were as follows: for the control, 5.0 × 106 and 1.8 × 105; for the self‐etching primer, 3.5 × 104 and 5.0 × 103; and for the antibacterial self‐etching primer, 0 and 0. Regardless of the method of softened dentin removal, the antibacterial effect was significantly higher for the group that had antibacterial self‐etching primer compared with that of the control group and the group that had commercial self‐etching primer (p < .05).
Hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin: Can patients be rechallenged?
Authors: MOK Kelly W , GOLDSTEIN David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground:  The use of oxaliplatin is increasing in colorectal cancer both in the metastatic and adjuvant setting. There is an increased recognition of hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) to oxaliplatin which is a potential barrier to the continued use of this drug in patients in whom benefits are observed. The aim of this retrospective review is to identify the incidence of HSR and the results of rechallenging patients with oxaliplatin.Methods and results:  In 97 patients, we identified six patients with HSR (an incidence of 6.2%) There was a spectrum of reported symptoms with most occurring within minutes of infusion after a median of six doses of oxaliplatin. All these patients were rechallenged with oxaliplatin. Success was noted when oxaliplatin was administered over a prolonged rate of 6 h. The use of maximal premedications did not influence the outcome.Conclusions:  Our experience confirms the need to be vigilant of HSR to oxaliplatin and to recognize idiosyncratic reactions. A feasible method to prevent the recurrence of HSR is to prolong the infusion rate without delaying or stopping effective treatment with oxaliplatin.
Cancer treatment‐induced bone loss: A review
Authors: BARNETT Frances , DE BOER Richard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCancer treatment‐induced bone loss (CTIBL) is the phenomenon of loss of bone mass directly due to the effects of treatment for cancer. There are many causes of CTIBL. This article focuses on CTIBL in the hormone‐dependent cancers (breast and prostate) and reviews the mechanisms, the extent of the problem and the management strategies.
Transition Metal-catalyzed Carbochalcogenation of Alkynes
Authors: Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The progress of transition metal-catalyzed carbochalcogenation of alkynes, which can be performed by using readily available catalysts, is reviewed. It has been proposed that stereo- and regioselective insertion of alkynes into the metal complexes is involved in the catalytic cycles. These reactions clearly demonstrate the synthetic versatility of organochalcogen compounds in transition metal-catalyzed reactions.
Intermolecular Proton Transfer from Formaldehyde Intermediate to Anisole in Noncatalytic Pyrolysis: Phenol Produced without Hydrolysis
Authors: Tsujino Yasuo , Wakai Chihiro , Matubayasi Nobuyuki , Nakahara Masaru 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
New reaction mechanism has been found for the pyrolysis of anisole according to the total product analysis based on the liquid- and gas-phase 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Formaldehyde and benzene are produced in the first rate-determining step by the intramolecular proton transfer, and phenol, methane, and carbon monoxide in equal amounts successively through the fast intermolecular proton and hydride transfers from hot formaldehyde to anisole.
Anchoring of Cyclodextrin Units on TiO2 Thin Layer for Effective Detection of Nitro-aromatics: A Novel Electrochemical Approach for Landmine Detection
Authors: Takahara Naoki , Yang Do-Hyeon , Ju Myung-Jong , Hayashi Kenshi , Toko Kiyoshi , Lee Seung-Woo , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Nitro-aromatic compounds could be sensitively detected by employing cyclic voltammetric experiments in ultrathin TiO2 gel/cyclodextrin (CD) multilayered films that were prepared via the gas-phase surface sol–gel process. Among others, 2,4-DNT showed the highest voltammetric response for the γ-CD immobilized TiO2 film and its detection limit was estimated to be less than nM levels.
Properties of Reaction Products between Cytosine and F4TCNQ in MeOH: Two Hemiprotonated Cytosine Salts with F4TCNQ Radical Anion and Methoxy Adduct Anion
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Saito Gunzi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The reaction of cytosine with 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and MeOH generated two kinds of salts involving a radical anion and a methoxy adduct anion with a hemiprotonated cytosine pair as the cation part. The crystal structure of the methoxy adduct salt showed a two-dimensional layered structure based on the intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
On the Magic of Microwave-assisted Organic Synthesis —1,5-Benzodiazepin-2-one from o-Phenylenediamine and Ethyl Acetoacetate—
Authors: Koizumi Hitoshi , Itoh Yuki , Ichikawa Tsuneki 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis of 4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one by the condensation of 1,2-phenylenediamine and ethyl acetoacetate was examined. The yields were compared with those by classical heating under various conditions. The yield is mainly determined by the temperature of the reaction mixtures, and little affected by the difference in the heating methods. Nonthermal effects in microwave heating have not been observed.
Template Synthesis of Arrays of One-dimensional Gold Nanowires Standing on a Carbon Film
Authors: Chen Yong , Yamaguchi Akira , Atou Toshiyuki , Morita Kotaro , Teramae Norio 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Arrays of 1D gold nanowires with a diameter of 3–5 nm standing on a carbon film were fabricated on the basis of template-assisted electrodeposition by using an alumina membrane with surfactant-templated silica-nanochannels as the template.
Effects of tracheostomy on human tracheobronchial mucosa: A scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Roessler Franz , Grossenbacher Rudolph , Walt Heinrich 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe protective functions missing in the upper airways of tracheostomy patients lead to functional and morphological changes in the lower respiratory tract. To obtain detailed data from the surface of the tracheobronchial mucosa, a scanning electron microscopic study was performed. Mucosal biopsies were taken from different sites of the tracheobronchial tree in 5 healthy control subjects, 5 patients with tracheostomy after laryngectomy, and 5 tracheostomy patients not affected by a history of smoking. Following scanning electron microscopic examination, the specimens were evaluated morphometrically. The percentage ciliary border and the individual mucosal surface changes depended on the biopsy site and the degree of previous damage. Individual structural alterations consisted of squamous metaplasia, giant cilia, compound cilia, and microplicae. Giant cilia represented an impressive form of differentiation in chronic bronchitis recognizable by scanning electron microscopy.
Headshake versus whole‐body rotation testing of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex
Authors: Goebel Joel A. , Fortin Michael , Paige Gary D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) is usually evaluated by whole‐body rotary chair oscillation in darkness, but is limited to ambulatory patients. In order to develop a portable method of VOR assessment, eye movements from 10 normal subjects were studied under three conditions: 1. whole‐body rotary chair oscillation in the dark and in the light with a head mounted blank field, 2. passive head‐on‐body rotation in the light with a blank field, and 3. active head‐on‐body rotation in the light with a blank field. The influence of visual fixation, neck rotation, and volition on VOR gain was to be assessed. Head oscillations were maintained at 0.5 and 1.0 Hz, 50°/s peak velocity.Mean VOR gains with blank field testing were indistinguishable from those obtained in darkness during whole‐body rotation. In addition, there were no significant differences in the mean gain between whole‐body, passive head rotation or active head rotation. Two vestibulopathic patients (absent calorics bilaterally and oscillopsia) were also studied to illustrate potential clinical utility of the methods. Rotations under all conditions revealed low but variable gains.The evaluation of the VOR in the light with a blank visual surround and passive or active head rotation is a potentially useful clinical method of bedside assessment of the VOR.
In search of missing links in otology. II. development of an implantable middle ear drug delivery system: Initial studies of sustained ampicillin release for the treatment of otitis media
Authors: Goycoolea Marcos V. , Muchow David C. , Sirvio Larry M. , Winandy Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe development of a new device that consists of a biodegradable support incorporating a thera‐peutically releasable amount of ampicillin is presented. This device is in an insertable shape that allows placement into the middle ear via a myringot‐omy incision. Once in the middle ear cavity, it expands, contacts the walls, and provides extended release of ampicillin. In vitro studies (3 months) documented the consistent release of therapeutic levels of ampicillin. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in otitis‐induced chinchillas (bacterial inoculation). The device compared favorably with topical and systemic treatment and prophylaxis of otitis media. The device was also efficient in repeated bacterial challenges. Topical extended middle ear drug delivery can become a significant form of treatment for middle ear disease, and has the potential of being useful as a source for inner ear drug delivery.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in patients with rhinosinusitis
Authors: Gittelman Paul D. , Jacobs Joseph B. , Lebowitz Arthur S. , Tierno Philip M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractToxic shock syndrome has been associated with rhinologic surgery and medical devices, and it has been linked to a circulating exotoxin of a toxogenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus. One hundred forty patients with rhinosinusitis were studied. Nasal cultures were obtained. The microbiological characteristics are described. The carrier rate for Staphylococcus aureus was 35%. Thirty percent of patients selected for surgery were Staphylococcus aureus carriers. Toxin‐capable isolates were identified in 40% of those tested. Users of cocaine, topical decongestants, and steroid sprays had a statistically higher rate of Staphylococcus aureus carriage compared to non‐users. It is hoped that by identifying the population at risk and defining the factors associated with the development of toxic shock syndrome, a cogent policy of prevention can be established.
Osteotomy for medial compartment arthritis of the knee using a closing wedge or an opening wedge controlled by a Puddu plate
Authors: Brouwer R. W. , Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A. , van Raaij T. M. , Verhaar J. A. N. 
Published: October 2006

A prospective, randomised, controlled trial compared two different techniques of high tibial osteotomy with a lateral closing wedge or a medial opening wedge, stabilised by a Puddu plate. The clinical outcome and radiological results were examined at one year. The primary outcome measure was the achievement of an overcorrection of valgus of 4°. Secondary outcome measures were the severity of pain (visual analogue scale), knee function (Hospital for Special Surgery score), and walking distance. Between January 2001 and April 2004, 92 patients were randomised to one or other of the techniques. At follow-up at one year the post-operative hip-knee-ankle angle was 3.4° (± 3.6° sd) valgus after a closing wedge and 1.3° (± 4.7° sd) of valgus after an opening wedge. The adjusted mean difference of 2.1° was significant (p = 0.02). The deviation from 4° of valgus alignment was 2.7° (± 2.4° sd) in the closing wedge and 4.0° (± 3.6° sd) in the opening-wedge groups. The adjusted mean difference of 1.67° was also significant (p = 0.01). The severity of pain, knee score and walking ability improved in both groups, but the difference was not significant. Because of pain, the staples required removal in 11 (23%) patients in the closing-wedge group and a Puddu plate was removed in 27 (60%) patients in the opening-wedge group. This difference was significant (p < 0.001). We conclude that closing-wedge osteotomy achieves a more accurate correction with less morbidity, although both techniques had improved the function of the knee at one year after the procedure.
External fixation for displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum
Authors: Magnan B. , Bortolazzi R. , Marangon A. , Marino M. , Dall’Oca C. , Bartolozzi P. 
Published: October 2006

A minimally-invasive procedure using percutaneous reduction and external fixation can be carried out for Sanders’ type II, III and IV fractures of the os calcis. We have treated 54 consecutive closed displaced fractures of the calcaneum involving the articular surface in 52 patients with the Orthofix Calcaneal Mini-Fixator. Patients were followed up for a mean of 49 months (27 to 94) and assessed clinically with the Maryland Foot Score and radiologically with radiographs and CT scans, evaluated according to the Score Analysis of Verona. The clinical results at follow-up were excellent or good in 49 cases (90.7%), fair in two (3.7%) and poor in three (5.6%). The mean pre-operative Böhler’s angle was 6.98° (5.95° to 19.86°), whereas after surgery the mean value was 21.94° (12.58° to 31.30°) (p < 0.01). Excellent results on CT scanning were demonstrated in 24 cases (44.4%), good in 25 (46.3%), fair in three (5.6%) and poor in two (3.7%). Transient local osteoporosis was observed in ten patients (18.5%), superficial pin track infection in three (5.6%), and three patients (5.6%) showed thalamic displacement following unadvised early weight-bearing. The clinical results appear to be comparable with those obtainable with open reduction and internal fixation, with the advantages of reduced risk using a minimally-invasive technique.
A systematic review of the evidence for hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Gordon G. S. , Simkiss D. E. 
Published: October 2006

We reviewed the evidence for hip surveillance in children with cerebral palsy from the published literature. Publications were identified using the Cochrane controlled trials register, the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases and by hand searching key journals and their references. Studies were included if they reported the frequency, associated risk factors or surveillance measures undertaken to identify subluxation or dislocation of the hip in children with cerebral palsy. Assessment of the quality of the methodology was undertaken independently by two researchers. Four studies described the natural history, incidence and risk factors for dislocation of the hip. Two reported their surveillance results. Approximately 60% of children who were not walking by five years of age were likely to develop subluxation of the hip, with the greatest risk in those with severe neurological involvement. The introduction of surveillance programmes allowed earlier identification of subluxation and reduced the need for surgery on dislocated hips. Surveillance can identify children most at risk of subluxation using radiological methods which are widely available.
Estimating the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy: can experts tell jurors something they don't already know?
Authors: McAuliff Bradley D. , Kovera Margaret Bull 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study investigated potential differences between expert and lay knowledge of factors influencing witness suggestibility. Expert psychologists (N = 58), jurors (N = 157), and jury‐eligible undergraduates (N = 220) estimated the effects of misleading information on witness accuracy for three age groups in various conditions. Respondents possessed similar knowledge of age‐related trends in suggestibility, the positive effects of a pre‐misinformation warning, and the negative influence of longer delays between the event/misinformation and event/final memory test. Compared to experts, laypeople underestimated the size of suggestibility differences between age groups and lacked knowledge about how event detail centrality, witness participation, and source prestige can increase witness suggestibility. Laypeople rated themselves as being largely unfamiliar with witness suggestibility research and thought that expert testimony would be beneficial. These data shed light on the potential helpfulness of expert testimony in cases involving witness suggestibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kaskadenreaktionen in der Totalsynthese
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Edmonds David J. , Bulger Paul G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Entwicklung und Umsetzung von Kaskadenreaktionen hat zu beachtlichen neuartigen, eleganten und effizienten Synthesestrategien geführt. Als besonders anspruchsvoll erwies sich die Anwendung von Kaskadenreaktionen in der Naturstoffsynthese, doch gerade hier winken verblüffende und zugleich aufschlussreiche Ergebnisse als Belohnung. In diesem Aufsatz werden ausgewählte Kaskadenreaktionen in der Totalsynthese erläutert, wobei neuere Anwendungen besonders hervorgehoben werden. Die erörterten Beispiele sollen die Leistungsfähigkeit dieser Prozesse beim Aufbau von komplexen Molekülstrukturen veranschaulichen und ihr Potenzial für zukünftige chemische Synthesen verdeutlichen.
Cascade Reactions in Total Synthesis
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Edmonds David J. , Bulger Paul G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe design and implementation of cascade reactions is a challenging facet of organic chemistry, yet one that can impart striking novelty, elegance, and efficiency to synthetic strategies. The application of cascade reactions to natural products synthesis represents a particularly demanding task, but the results can be both stunning and instructive. This Review highlights selected examples of cascade reactions in total synthesis, with particular emphasis on recent applications therein. The examples discussed herein illustrate the power of these processes in the construction of complex molecules and underscore their future potential in chemical synthesis.
Role of lignin filler in stabilization of natural rubber–based composites
Authors: Košíková B. , Gregorová A. , Osvald A. , Krajčovičová J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe stabilizing effect of a natural filler, sulfur‐free lignin, on the thermal degradation of natural rubber (NR) was examined. Lignin was incorporated into NR in amounts of 10–30 phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber). It was shown that the lignin preparation used improved the physicomechanical properties of the rubber vulcanizates. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the thermal degradation of unfilled and lignin‐filled vulcanized natural rubber. Measurements were carried out under atmospheric conditions. It was revealed that lignin used as filler increased the resistance of NR vulcanizates to thermooxidative degradation in air. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1226–1231, 2007