bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of transverse pressure loading on the thermal ratcheting of circular plates
Authors: Hyde T H 
Published: July 2007

Many components in conventional and nuclear power plant and chemical plant are subjected to steady mechanical and cyclic thermal loads. The life of such components may be governed by the accumulation of inelastic strain and/or deformation (i.e., ratcheting). Elasto-plastic finite-element results for a circular plate with radially movable, direction fixed edges, subjected to steady membrane loads, steady transverse pressure loads, and cyclic through-thickness thermal loads, are given. A temperature independent, elasticperfectly plastic material model is assumed. Plastic strains are governed by the von-Mises effective stress criterion and the Prandtl-Reuss flow rule. Cyclic hardening (or softening) effects are not considered. The results are compared with the Miller-Bree uniaxial model (1)(2)(3)† The results have been normalized with respect to the material properties so that they may be applied to plates made from any material which may be represented by the material model.
A novel mapping finite element method for stress analysis in two dimensions
Authors: Nath B , Nath P 
Published: July 2007

A mapping finite element method has been proposed in this paper for the solution of elasto-static problems in two dimensions. In this method the physical problem domain is mapped into an ‘image’ domain using exponential-polar type mapping functions. Properties of finite elements in the image domain are also obtained in accordance with the transformation implemented; these elements are then used to solve the problem in the image domain, subject to the appropriately transformed boundary conditions. Results of examples considered show that the proposed method, which is, incidentally, no more difficult or cumbersome to implement than the standard FEM, gives significantly better accuracy than when the standard FEM is used to solve the problem in the physical domain, using the same number of equations. Furthermore, since physical space is logarithmically condensed into the image space, the method is capable of dealing with large aspect ratio problems more simply and economically than is possible with the standard FEM or the boundary element method.
Method of fracture toughness determination in sidewall of a pneumatic tyre
Authors: Chow C L 
Published: July 2007

A method for determining the fracture toughness of a pneumatic tyre sidewall was developed. Conventional methods of fracture toughness determination require the structural material to be tested independently of the structure. the proposed method allows fracture toughness to be measured directly from the type sidewall. Two advantages follow: (i) elimination of the need for duplicating the identical cured sidewall properties in the testpiece, and (ii) avoidance of the buckling inherent in thin sidewall test specimens. The pneumatic tyre chosen for the investigation was a 7.75–14 bias passenger tyre with a two-ply nylon carcass. An artificial crack was created in the tyre sidewall and the cracked tyre was loaded by inflation pressure. The experimental parameters taken from the tyre include the inflation pressure, volume, and crack opening area at different crack lengths. Based on a quasistatic energy analysis, the pressure-volume-crack length diagram was used to graphically determine the sidewall fracture toughness. In addition, an equation based on the reciprocal theorem for a cracked body and netting analysis was derived and used to analytically determine the sidewall fracture toughness. The computed fracture toughness compares reasonably well with the measured G values via the experimental approach.
Closed-form functions for elastic stress concentration factors in notched bars
Authors: Gray T G F , Tournery F , Spence J , Brennan D 
Published: July 2007

The closed-form equations given are based on the results of finite element analyses of double-edge-notched plates subject to tension or in-plane bending. The notch dimensions were varied in a parametric survey from shallow, part-circular forms to deep, sharp, slits with semi-circular ends, giving stress concentration factors varying from 1.2 to 13 (net stress basis). The concept of a configuration factor for notches, similar to that used to calculate crack-tip stress field intensity factors, is introduced. It is shown in the first instance that the analogous crack configuration factor can be used directly to modify the elastic stress concentration factor for an elliptical hole, giving closed-form functions that do not involve empirical fitting constants and have acceptable practical accuracy. Reasons for the effectiveness of this form are given, together with an analysis of the points where the notch stress concentration factors diverge from the simple closed form. Further refinements that improve accuracy are given and comparisons are also made with stress concentration factors for hyperbolic edge notches.
Morphometrical observations on the mandible of five strains of rabbits and strain identification using mandible measurements
Authors: Goto N. , Watanabe K. , Umezawa H. , Yazawa H. , Kuramasu S. 
Published: July 2007

In order to clarify the relationships between five strains of rabbits and to identify the strains, principal component and discriminant analyses were carried out using 12 mandibular measurements of three inbred strains (JW-NIBS/Y (JW/Y), NW-NIBS/Y (NW/Y) and Dutch-NIBS/Y (D/Y)) and two outbred strains (JW-NIBS (JW) and NW-NIBS (NW)) which were maintained at the Nippon Institute for Biological Science. The results obtained were as follows. (1) Principal component analysis revealed that in the males the mandible of JW was the largest but with considerable variation. D/Y was the smallest of all strains examined. The mandibles of NW and NW/Y were similar to the JW mandibles but had a shape which was shorter and higher. In the females the mandible of NW was the largest of all strains and, as in the males, D/Y was the smallest and JW varied markedly. (2) Discriminant analysis showed the probability of erroneous discrimination to be 14·8% (34/229) when the inbred and outbred strains were combined. In both sexes erroneous discrimination mostly occurred between NW and NW/Y, which have the same origin, and between JW and NW, which have a common ancestor. However, when the inbreds and outbreds were identified separately by discriminant analysis, the probability of erroneous discrimination was low in both cases (4·5% (5/112) and 7·7% (9/117) respectively). These results indicate that strain differences are found in the size and shape of rabbit mandibles and that mandible analysis is effective for strain identification of laboratory rabbits.
Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in hairless rat epidermis as a pharmacological model: validation of the animal model
Authors: Bouclier M. , Jomard A. , Kail N. , Shroot B. , Hensby C. 
Published: July 2007

We use a mutant hairless Sprague Davvley rat to evaluate the capacity of retinoids to inhibit the epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity induced by sellotape stripping. In order to minimize the variability introduced by the animals in our model we decided to validate the hairless rats used. A number of animal parameters were examined using a single lot of 50 males and 50 females aged from 4 to 11 weeks and acclimatized to laboratory conditions. The body weight growth curves were established. Nude animals present two periods of hair growth, the first at 6-7 weeks and the second at about 10-11 weeks. Hair development is more pronounced in males. No histological change was observed in the stratum corneum but an increase in epidermal thickness was noted in males aged 9 weeks. Removal of the stratum corneum by sellotape stripping was more effective and reproducible in the females, as determined histologically. Sellotape-stripping induction of ornithine decarboxylase in the epidermis was higher in rats aged 5-6 weeks and reached a plateau in animals aged 6-12 weeks. Individual variations obtained were lower in females (about 5%-10% in females and 10%-20% in males). The present research suggests that female rats aged about 8 weeks provide maximum reproducibility of response and ease of use.
Reconstructing evidence-based practice: an investigation of three conceptualisations of EBP
Authors: Olsson Tina M. 
Published: July 2007

English
This article uses programme theory reconstruction to investigate three conceptualisations of evidence-based practice (EBP). The first two are taken directly from the literature and contrasted with a third taken from a relevant policy programme. The article argues that ‘evidence-based practice’ is not a homogeneous concept, and that interested parties within research, practice and policy may not have a shared vision of EBP even though they may use the same terminology. It is important for the successful implementation of EBP within practice and policy that there is a clear understanding of what EBP is and how EBP is supposed to work if research, policy and practice are to work together toward common goals.
Influence of Membrane and Filter Paper on Plane-Strain Testing of Soft Sedimentary Rock
Authors: Ye Guanlin , Zhang Feng , Yashima Atsushi , Aung Hla , Naito Kiyokaza 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
It is recognized that the intermediate principal stress plays an important role in the strength and the stress-dilatancy relation of soft sedimentary rock. However, few plane-strain/true triaxial experiments on soft rock have been referenced in literature due to the relatively high strength of geomaterials. With a conventional plane-strain apparatus, equipped with a prefixed plane-strain confining frame, it is difficult to obtain real isotropic consolidation before shearing. On the other hand, it has been found that the influence of the membrane/covering material on a high-strength specimen cannot be ignored. In this study, therefore, an innovative plane-strain test system for soft rock, that can overcome the shortcomings of the conventional type of apparatus, and issues related to specimen preparation are introduced. The results of drained compression tests and drained creep tests, along with theoretical simulations, are reported. The influence of the membrane and the filter paper are illustrated by a simple finite element method. A combination of experimental and theoretical approaches is employed to facilitate the understanding of the mechanical behavior of soft rock.
A Column Apparatus for Investigation of 1-D Unsaturated-Saturated Response of Sand-Geotextile Systems
Authors: Bathurst Richard J. , Ho Alvin F. , Siemens Greg 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This paper is focused on the details of an experimental device that was used to investigate the transient unsaturated-saturated hydraulic response of sand-geotextile layers under conditions of 1-D constant head surface infiltration. The column was instrumented with inexpensive tensiometer-transducer devices to measure pore water pressures and conductivity probes to measure wetting front migration. The results of two tests are presented to demonstrate the use of the apparatus. One test was carried out using a sand column and the second test was nominally identical but included a horizontal woven geotextile layer at about mid-depth. The test results demonstrate that the apparatus can detect differences in the unsaturated response of the two systems. For example, transient ponding of water was measured above the surface of the geotextile layer commencing from an initial unsaturated condition despite the relatively high saturated permeability of the woven material. In addition, there was a small but detectable delay in the hydraulic flow after the wetting front reached the geotextile layer.
Inorganic Semiconductors for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Sun Y. , Rogers J. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article reviews several classes of inorganic semiconductor materials that can be used to form high‐performance thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for large area, flexible electronics. Examples ranging from thin films of various forms of silicon to nanoparticles and nanowires of compound semiconductors are presented, with an emphasis on methods of depositing and integrating thin films of these materials into devices. Performance characteristics, including both electrical and mechanical behavior, for isolated transistors as well as circuits with various levels of complexity are reviewed. Collectively, the results suggest that flexible or printable inorganic materials may be attractive for a range of applications not only in flexible but also in large‐area electronics, from existing devices such as flat‐panel displays to more challenging (in terms of both cost and performance requirements) systems such as large area radiofrequency communication devices, structural health monitors, and conformal X‐ray imagers.
Graft polymerization synthesis and application of magnetic Fe3O4/polyacrylic acid composite nanoparticles
Authors: Hong R. Y. , Pan T. T. , Han Y. P. , Zhang S. Z. , Li H. Z. , Ding J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation using NH3 · H2O as the precipitating agent, and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The compatibility between the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and water were enhanced by grafting acrylic acid onto the nanoparticle surface. FTIR, XRD, thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the resultant sample. The effects of initiator dosage, monomer concentration, and reaction temperature on the characteristics of surface‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles were investigated. Moreover, magnetic fluids (MF), prepared by dispersing the PAA grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles in water, were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometer, Gouy magnetic balance, and laser particle‐size analyzer. The rheological characteristics of magnetic fluid were investigated using capillary and rotating rheometers. The MF was added to prepare PVA thin film to improve mechanical properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Rheological and curing behavior of aqueous ambient self‐crosslinkable polyacrylate emulsion
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zhang Chuanzhi , Xiong Ting , Chen Deben , Zhong Anyong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn aqueous ambient crosslinkable polymer acrylic (AACPA) emulsion was obtained by adding adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) to the polyacrylate emulsion incorporating diacetone acrylamide (DAAM), and this emulsion was synthesized by two feeding materials methods. The AACPA emulsion and its paint film were characterized with rheological measurements, laser light scattering, Fourier transform infrared, torsional braid analysis (TBA), DTA, and so on. The results showed that AACPA emulsion was pseudoplastic fluid and pseudoplasticity increased with increasing of DAAM content. The results also showed that water resistance, solvent resistance, and thermotacky temperature of AACPA paint film increased with increasing of the content of DAAM. The results dealing with curing behavior of the paint film showed that adding organic swelling solvent and organic acid to the AACPA emulsion can accelerate the curing speed of the paint film. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Toughening of an epoxy resin with hydroxy‐terminated poly(arylene ether nitrile) with pendent tertiary butyl groups
Authors: Saxena Akanksha , Francis Bejoy , Rao V. Lakshmana , Ninan K. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHydroxy‐terminated poly(arylene ether nitrile) oligomers with pendent tert‐butyl groups (PENTOH) were synthesized by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile with tert‐butyl hydroquinone in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone medium with anhydrous potassium carbonate as a catalyst at 200°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The PENTOH oligomers were blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin and cured with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone. The curing reaction was monitored with infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology, fracture toughness, and thermomechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The scanning electron micrographs revealed a two‐phase morphology with a particulate structure of the PENTOH phase dispersed in the epoxy matrix, except for the epoxy resin modified with PENTOH with a number‐average molecular weight of approximately 4000. The storage modulus of the blends was higher than that of the neat epoxy resin. The crosslink density calculated from the storage modulus in the rubbery plateau region decreased with an increase in PENTOH in the blends. The fracture toughness increased more than twofold with the addition of PENTOH oligomers. The tensile strength of the blends increased marginally, whereas the flexural strength decreased marginally. The dispersed PENTOH initiated several toughening mechanisms, which improved the fracture toughness of the blends. The thermal stability of the epoxy resin was not affected by the addition of PENTOH to the epoxy resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis of 2‐phenyl‐3‐hydroxyethanyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine and its application as latent curing agents
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhang Ping , Lei Jingxin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA kind of new compound of 2‐phenyl‐3‐hydroxyethanyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine was successfully synthesized by addition–condensation reaction of phenyl aldehyde and β‐hydroxylethanolamine and purified by vacuum distillation. Its purity was examined by gas chromatographic analysis. Its structure was confirmed by 13C NMR and FTIR. When this compound was added as a latent curing agent in single‐component moisture‐curable polyurethane system (SPU), bubbles of SPU formed during curing was obviously restrained, and the elongation at break of the cured SPU contained a certain content of 2‐phenyl‐3‐hydroxyethanyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine was increased to 16 times when compared with that uncontained this oxazolidine derivative. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylenecarbonate and its copolymerization with ϵ‐caprolactone by lanthanide (II) aryloxide complexes
Authors: Zhao B. , Lu C. R. , Shen Q. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLanthanide metal (II) 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenoxide complexes (ArO)2Ln(THF)3(Ln = Sm1, Yb2) alone have been developed to catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of trimethylenecarbonate (TMC) and random copolymerization of TMC and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) for the first time. The influence of reaction conditions, such as initiator, initiator concentration, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time, on monomer conversion, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution of the resulting PTMC was investigated. It was found that the divalent complex1showed higher activity for the polymerization of TMC than complex2. The random structure and thermal behavior of the copolymers P(TMC‐co‐CL) have been characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, GPC, and DSC analysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixture using asymmetric ion‐exchange membranes containing aluminum ions
Authors: Chen Shih‐Hsiung , Liou Rey‐May , Shih Chi‐Yu , Lai Cheng‐Lee , Lai Juin‐Yih 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe asymmetric aluminum ion exchange polysulfone membranes have successfully been prepared for the dehydration of ethanol‐water mixture. The relationship between the membrane morphology, separation performance, and the ion content of membranes were discussed in this study. The experimental results showed that the separation performance of those membranes was increased upon increasing the degree of aluminum ion exchange in polysulfone membranes. Both permeation rate and separation factors of those membranes increased with increasing the degree of ion exchange. The increase in separation performance of aluminum ion exchange membranes was mainly attributed to ion crosslinking in polymer network and the hydration effects of exchanged ion in membranes. On the other hand, the operating temperature in the PV process showed a significant influence on the dehydration of water molecules in the permeate. An increase in temperature increased the permeation flux of permeate but slightly decreased its selectivity. The aluminum asymmetric ions in membranes showed a strong influence on permselectivity of asymmetric ion exchange membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Closo‐alanes (Al4H4, AlnHn+2, 4 ≤ n ≤ 8): A New Chapter in Aluminum Hydride Chemistry.
Authors: Grubisic A. , Li X. , Stokes S. T. , Cordes J. , Gantefoer G. F. , Bowen K. H. , Kiran B. , Jena P. , Burgert R. , Schnoeckel H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of the New Cobalt Tellurite Halide Co5(TeO3)4X2 (X: Cl, Br).
Authors: Becker Richard , Prester Mladen , Berger Helmuth , Johnsson Mats , Drobac Djuro , Zivkovic Ivica 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Chemistry of a New 10H Hexagonal Perovskite: BaMn0.4Fe0.6O2.73.
Authors: Miranda Laura , Ramirez‐Castellanos Julio , Hernando Maria , Varela Aurea , Gonzalez‐Calbet Jose M. , Parras Marina 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Tetrahexahedral Platinum Nanocrystals with High‐Index Facets and High Electro‐Oxidation Activity.
Authors: Tian Na , Zhou Zhi‐You , Sun Shi‐Gang , Ding Yong , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
M2Ba2Sn6 (M: Yb, Ca): Metallic Zintl Phases with a Novel Tin Chain Substructure.
Authors: Ge Ming‐Hui , Corbett John D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrothermal Vanadium Fluoride Chemistry: Four New V3+ Chain Structures.
Authors: Aldous David W. , Stephens Nicholas F. , Lightfoot Philip 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis Methods for Ce(CrO4)2×xH2O and Crystal Structures of K2CrSO7, (NH4)2Cr2O7 and Na2Cr2O7×2H2O.
Authors: Casari Barbara M. , Eriksson Annika K. , Langer Vratislav 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pb2Cu3B4O11: A New Copper Borate Featuring [Cu3O8]10‐ Units.
Authors: Pan Shilie , Watkins Byron , Smit Jared P. , Marvel Michael R. , Saratovsky Ian , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Diastereoselective Preparation of (E)‐Alkenylsilanes Bearing an α‐Chiral Center.
Authors: Perrone Sylvie , Knochel Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.