bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of gradual reduction using two-stage traction for developmental dysplasia of the hip in southern China
Authors: Chen Hui , Wang Xiang-xuan , Chen Zhao , Ge Yihua 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study aimed to report the preliminary outcome of gradual reduction (GR) utilizing two-stage traction (TST) compared with traditional traction (TT) in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and to evaluate whether the prognosis of the TST is better than that of TT.MethodsThe following information on children diagnosed with DDH who underwent treatment with GR using two-stage traction or traditional traction between June 2016 and August 2017 was collected: sex, age, weight, acetabular index (AI), International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) classification, femoral head ossification, traction time, reduction quality, and labrum shape in arthrography. The AI, IHDI classification, second operation rate, and incidence of femoral head avascular necrosis (AVN) were analyzed after the final comprehensive 1-year follow-up.ResultsIn this study, 27 cases (31 hips: 18 left and 13 right) were enrolled, with 18 hips (16 cases) assigned to the TT group and 13 hips (11 cases) assigned to the TST group, with the corresponding average age at diagnosis of 5.56 ± 1.66 and 4.06 ± 1 months (p &lt; 0.001). For both TT and TST groups, the average age at operation was 6.01 ± 1.67 and 65 ± 0.86 months (p = 0.435), the distribution of affected left and right sides was 10/8 and 8/5 hips (p = 1), and the average initial AI was 37.11 ± 3.26 and 36.77 ± 4.34 (p = 0.804), respectively. IHDI classification III/IV was observed in 15/3 and 11/2 hips, respectively (p = 1). Femoral head ossification was present in 6/18 hips in the TT group and 2/13 hips in the TT group (p = 0.412). The total traction time was 13.22 ± 2.6 days for the TT group and 49.23 ± 25.77 days for the TST group (p &lt; 0.001). After GR, IHDI classification III/IV was observed in 9/9 and 12/1 hips, respectively (p = 0.02). AVN was present in 5/18 hips in the TT group and 0/13 hips in the TST group (p = 0.048), while the need for a second operation was approved in 5/18 hips in the TT group and 1/13 hips in the TST group (p = 0.359) at the final follow-up.ConclusionsTwo-stage traction can significantly decrease the ratios of IHDI classifications III and IV and the incidence of AVN compared to traditional traction; also, it significantly reduces the total traction time.
Manual reduction in testicular torsion and subsequent treatment after successful reduction: a series of reports in a single institution
Authors: Qi Xiaokang , Yu Junjie , Ding Xuefei , Wang Yehua , Zhu Haiyan 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionTo explore the factors affecting the success of testicular torsion manual reduction and the safety of subsequent conservative treatment after successful reduction.MethodsClinical data of 66 patients with testicular torsion treated in our emergency department from February 2017 to February 2022 were retrospectively collected. Manual reduction without anesthesia was performed in 19 patients. Patients with successful manual reduction chose different subsequent treatments according to the wishes of themselves and their guardians, including continuing conservative treatment and surgical exploration. Relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed.ResultsManual reduction was successful in 11 patients (11/19). Seven of them chose to continue conservative treatment, and four underwent surgical exploration immediately. Among the 7 patients who were treated conservatively, 3 underwent surgical treatment due to scrotal discomfort or testicular torsion at different stages, and the remaining 4 patients showed no recurrence of torsion during follow-up. Compared with other patients, patients with successful manual reduction had the shorter duration of pain (p &lt; 0.05). The time from visiting our hospital to surgery in patients who attempted manual reduction was slightly shorter than those who underwent surgery directly (p &gt; 0.05). The testes of these 11 patients were all successfully preserved.ConclusionsThe short duration of pain may contribute to the success of manual reduction, and manual reduction did not increase the preparation time before surgery. Due to the unpredictable risk of recurrence, immediate surgical treatment is still recommended, or postponed elective surgical treatment should be offered in the next days or weeks.
Four-compartment muscle fatigue model to predict metabolic inhibition and long-lasting nonmetabolic components
Authors: Michaud Florian , Beron Santiago , Lugrís Urbano , Cuadrado Javier 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Computational muscle force models aim to mathematically represent the mechanics of movement and the factors influencing force generation. These tools allow the prediction of the nonlinear and task-related muscle behavior, aiding biomechanics, sports science, and rehabilitation. Despite often overlooking muscle fatigue in low-force scenarios, these simulations are crucial for high-intensity activities where fatigue and force loss play a significant role. Applications include functional electrical stimulation, motor control, and ergonomic considerations in diverse contexts, encompassing rehabilitation and the prevention of injuries in sports and workplaces.Methods: In this work, the authors enhance the pre-existing 3CCr muscle fatigue model by introducing an additional component of force decay associated with central fatigue and a long-term fatigue state. The innovative four-compartment model distinguishes between the short-term fatigued state (related to metabolic inhibition) and the long-term fatigued state (emulating central fatigue and potential microtraumas).Results: Its validation process involved experimental measurements during both short- and long-duration exercises, shedding light on the limitations of the traditional 3CCr in addressing dynamic force profiles.
National Survey on bladder and bowel dysfunctions in Autism Spectrum Disorder population
Authors: Gubbiotti Marilena , Balzarro Matteo , Zoccante Leonardo , Di Gennaro Gianfranco , Marchiafava Moreno , Bedetti Chiara , Rubilotta Emanuele 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionTo evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bowel disorders in a population of young subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ADS) by a national survey and to assess the relationship between the occurrence, frequency, and type of LUTS and the severity of behavioral and neuropsychiatric characteristics.Materials and methodsA survey on LUTS and bowel disorders in the ASD population was sent by mail and social media through the main Italian Associations of ASD between February and September 2022. The correlation between LUTS and ASD severity was also assessed.ResultsThe survey was completed by 502 subjects with a mean age of 16.6 years ± 10 years: male participants were 413 (mean age: 16.5 years ± 9.8 years), while female participants 89 (mean age: 17.2 years ± 10.9 years). ADS severity was found low in 29.9%, moderate in 27.1%, and severe in 43%. LUTS were reported by 77.1%, storage symptoms in 51.4%, and voiding symptoms in 60.6%. Urinary incontinence was reported by 12.5%. Enuresis was reported by 14.3% (72/502) of the respondents: primary enuresis in 70.8% (51/72), secondary in the remaining. Pads were used by 40 subjects with a median of 2.9 pads/day (range, 0–8). A toilet training program was performed by 61 of the respondents, with satisfactory results in 40/61 (65.6%). A significant correlation was found between greater ASD severity and higher LUTS rates. The mean VAS score on the impact of LUTS on family relationships was 2 ± 2.9. Regular bowel function was reported by 57.4% (288/502) of the respondents, while increased daily defecations were present in 11.2% (56/502), constipation in 31.5% (158/502), and fecal incontinence in 7.9% (40/502).ConclusionThis survey demonstrated that LUTS are very common in the young ASD population and that the prevalence of urinary symptoms is related to higher severity of the ASD condition. Bowel disorders are often associated with urinary symptoms and dysfunctions. Urologists should be aware of the frequent occurrence of urological disorders and symptoms in individuals with ASD and should be involved in their clinical management in a multidisciplinary team that cares for these people.
Biopsychosocial determinant of quality of life of older adults in Pakistan and Canada
Authors: Batool Syeda Shahida , Tanveer Samra , Chatrath Sarvjeet Kaur , Batool Syeda Azra 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe rapidly rising average age of the older adults has brought various global healthcare challenges. A core challenge is how to enhance their quality of life (QoL).ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to test the significance of biopsychosocial determinants of quality of life of older adults in Pakistan and Canada.MethodologyA cross-sectional survey was carried out on a conveniently approached purposive sample of 1,005 older adults (Pakistani = 557 and Canadian = 448) of age range between 60 years and 80 years. The data were collected via demographic datasheet, World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale, Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Berlin Social Support Scale.ResultsThe results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that biopsychosocial factors (viz., health and lifestyle, chronic illness, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and social support) significantly predicted (R2 = .27, and.68) quality of life of older adults in Pakistan and Canada, respectively, after controlling the demographic variables. Significant differences were found between Pakistani and Canadian older adults on biopsychosocial factors: Canadian older adults scored significantly higher on health and lifestyle, self-efficacy, and quality of life, and older adults in Pakistan scored significantly higher on self-esteem and social support.ConclusionA significant amount of better QoL of older adults can be achieved through enhancing the biopsychosocial correlates of their QoL, both in Pakistan and Canada.
Long-term low-dose lamotrigine for paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: a two-year investigation of cognitive function in children
Authors: You Dong-dong , Huang Yu-mei , Wang Xiao-yu , Li Wei , Li Feng 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveWhile low-dose lamotrigine has shown effectiveness in managing paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) in pediatric populations, the cognitive consequences of extended use are yet to be fully elucidated. This study seeks to assess the evolution of cognitive functions and the amelioration of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms following a two-year lamotrigine treatment in children.MethodsThis investigation employed an open-label, uncontrolled trial design. Between January 2008 and December 2021, thirty-one participants, ranging in age from 6.5 to 14.1 years, were enrolled upon receiving a new diagnosis of PKD, as defined by the clinical diagnostic criteria set by Bruno in 2004. Comprehensive evaluation of PRRT2 variants and 16p11.2 microdeletion was achieved using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analysis of copy number variant (CNV) for all subjects. Immediately after diagnosis, participants commenced treatment with low-dose lamotrigine. Cognitive function was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese Revised (WISC-CR) at baseline and after 2 years, with ADHD diagnoses and symptom severity simultaneously assessed by experts in accordance with the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ADHD and the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV).ResultsInitially, twelve out of 31 patients (38.7%) presented with comorbid ADHD. The latency to treatment initiation was notably longer in PKD patients with ADHD (30.75 ± 12.88 months) than in those without ADHD (11.66 ± 9.08 months), t = 4.856, p&lt;0.001. Notably, patients with a latency exceeding 2 years exhibited a heightened risk for comorbid ADHD (OR = 4.671, P=0.015) in comparison to those with shorter latency. Out of the cohort, twenty-five patients saw the clinical trial to its completion. These individuals demonstrated a marked elevation in WISC-CR scores at the 2-year mark relative to the outset across FSIQ (baseline mean: 108.72 ± 10.45 vs 24 months: 110.56 ± 10.03, p=0.001), VIQ (baseline mean: 109.44 ± 11.15 vs 24 months: 110.80 ± 10.44, p=0.028), and PIQ domains (baseline mean: 106.52 ± 9.74 vs 24 months: 108.24 ± 9.38, p=0.012). Concurrently, a substantial mitigation was observed in ADHD inattention at 2 years compared to baseline (p&lt;0.001), with an average total subscale scores decrement from 9.04 ± 4.99 to 6.24 ± 4.05.ConclusionProlonged duration of untreated PKD in children may elevate the risk of ADHD comorbidity. Notably, following a 2-year lamotrigine regimen, enhancements were observed in both cognitive test outcomes and ADHD symptomatology.
Perceived dilemma between protective measures and social isolation in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study among Swiss nursing home directors
Authors: Greindl Stephanie , Di Gangi Stefania , Plate Andreas , Senn Oliver , Neuner-Jehle Stefan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundCoronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) particularly affected older adults, with the highest risks for nursing home residents. Stringent governmental protective measures for nursing homes unintendedly led to social isolation of residents. Nursing home directors (NDs) found themselves in a dilemma between implementing protective measures and preventing the social isolation of nursing home residents.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe protective measures implemented, to investigate NDs’ perception of social isolation and its burden for nursing home residents due to these measures, and to explore experiences of NDs in the context of the dilemma.MethodsCross-sectional embedded mixed-method study carried out by an online survey between April 27 and June 09, 2022, among NDs in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. The survey consisted of 84 closed-ended and nine open-ended questions. Quantitative findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics and qualitative data were evaluated using content analysis.ResultsThe survey was completed by 398 NDs (62.8% female, mean age 55 [48–58] years) out of 1′044 NDs invited.NDs were highly aware of the dilemma. The measures perceived as the most troublesome were restrictions to leave rooms, wards or the home, restrictions for visitors, and reduced group activities. NDs and their teams developed a variety of strategies to cope with the dilemma, but were burdened themselves by the dilemma.ConclusionAs NDs were burdened themselves by the responsibility of how to deal best with the dilemma between protective measures and social isolation, supportive strategies for NDs are needed.
Mobile phone addiction and insomnia among college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Wang Jinfu , Xu Xue , Zuo Lijun , Wang Haiyun , Yang Guan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundNowadays, it is widely acknowledged that mobile phone addiction is a risky factor for insomnia symptoms, but to date, people know little about the underlying relationship between them among undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential association between mobile phone addiction and insomnia, as well as the mediating role of social anxiety and the moderating role of physical activity.MethodsUsing the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, Social Phobia Inventory, Physical Activity Rating Scale and Insomnia Severity Index, 301 eligible college students in China were investigated. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, moderating effect test, moderating effect test were carried out in turn.ResultsThe findings revealed a favorable correlation between mobile phone addiction, social anxiety and insomnia, as well as between social anxiety and insomnia. But physical activity was negatively correlated with social anxiety and mobile phone addiction, and social anxiety partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and insomnia. Additionally, physical activity played a significant moderating effect between mobile phone addiction and social anxiety.ConclusionThis study advances the knowledge of how mobile phone addiction raises the likelihood of experiencing insomnia symptoms, and also implies that upping physical activity level could lessen the harmful impacts from mobile phone addiction.
Literacy and attitude of Asian youths on dengue and its prevention in an endemic developed community
Authors: Soo Wern Fern , Gunasekaran Kalaipriya , Ng Ding Xuan , Kwek Kylie , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundOver the past few decades, the incidence of dengue fever has considerably increased. Effective vector control strategies and specific protection using dengue vaccine are thought to be the key elements to combat dengue. The dengue incidence among the Singapore youths (15–24 years) was second only to that of adults (25–44 years). This study evaluated the knowledge and attitude of Singapore youths on dengue and its preventive measures.MethodsA cross-sectional study using online-based questionnaire survey was conducted among Singapore youths from September to November 2022. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics whereas Chi-squared test, linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation were used to determine the association between demographic factors and youth’s attitude on dengue prevention using Rstudio.ResultsA total of 624 respondents completed the survey out of 1822 surveys distributed nation-wide, with a response rate of 34.2% (mean age 17.4 years ± 1.84; 59.3% female; 89.9% Chinese). The mean dengue knowledge scores of participants were 14.1 ±2.8. Univariate analysis showed that teenagers (15–19 years) had significantly higher knowledge score than the young adults (20–24 years) (β=0.82,95%CI = 0.13–1.51, p = 0.021). Majority of them were aware of the Mozzie Wipeout campaign (90.2%) followed by the release of Wolbachia mosquitos (69.1%). Two-thirds of the youths who were aware of Wolbachia and Gravitrap considered that it was effective in reducing dengue infection rates. Participants suggested information about the current dengue infection rate (71.9%) as the most effective of the five proposed strategies to improve uptake of dengue preventive measures. In comparison to young adults, teenagers were more likely to uptake dengue preventive measures if widespread mosquito control practices were implemented (69.1% vs. 42.3%).ConclusionThe overall knowledge of the youths on dengue and its prevention was satisfactory. Future health promotion campaigns targeting the youths should focus on transforming the knowledge into practice.
Discovery of Novel Potential Insecticide-Resistance Mutations in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Cai Yuhao , Chen Huilin , Hu Mengfan , Wang Xuegui , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2024

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a worldwide agricultural pest that invaded China in 2018, and has developed resistance to multiple insecticides. The evolution of insecticide resistance is facilitated by mutations of target genes responsible for conferring resistance. In this study, amplicon sequencing analyzed 21 sites in six resistance genes. In addition to known mutations, unknown variants were also found, including novel variants: F290C (ace-1 gene, 0.1% frequency), I1040T/V (CHSA gene, 0.1% frequency), A309T (GluCl gene, 0.1% frequency), and I4790T/V (RyR gene, 0.1% frequency). Additionally, molecular docking was employed to investigate the impact of the aforementioned new mutations on insecticide binding to proteins. The analyses indicated that the binding abilities were reduced, similar to the resistance mutations that were reported, implying these novel mutations may confer transitional resistance. This study may provide a foundation for understanding the functions of these novel mutations in the evolutionary processes that drive the emergence of insecticide resistance in this invasive species.
Démosthène fabuliste ? L’ombre d’un âne entre comédie, proverbe et fable chez les scholiastes et les lexicographes
Authors: Fernandez Matthieu 
Published: March 2024

In the end of Demosthenes’ demegoria On the Peace, we can find a strange metaphor, which have proved to be hard to explain : “ over the shadow at Delphi”. Demosthenes is thinking about the Amphictyonic Council, that he pretends to be despising. This metaphor is framed from the proverb “ over the shadow of a donkey”, which can be found before Demosthenes’ time in Aristophanes, Sophocles, Plato and later in Menander. It is also the title of a lost play from Archippos. As explained by scholia and lexica, it has its origins in an apologue. Some of them assert that Demosthenes is the author of this apologue : he would have been telling this story before the Ecclesia or before some court. By this way, scholiasts and lexicographers try to fill a gap in the corpus demosthenicum and to make of Demosthenes a master in telling fables too. They want to offer him as a model to those practicising preliminary rhetorical training (progymnasmata).
We cannot find any fable indeed on Demosthenes’ works that have survived. The only pieces of evidence we have are an account by Plutarchus and a metaphor that can be found in Against Aritogeitonos I, which is imitated in Against Aristogeitonos II. All these stories deal with dogs, wolves and sheep, currently used in Aesopica in similar patterns. So fables might have been typical of oral speeches. That would explain why we have so few pieces of evidence in Demosthenes, whereas Aristophanes and Aristotle say us orators used telling fables.
Le ὀφημίαρχος de Kérinthos en Eubée. Une interprétation linguistique
Authors: Alonso Deniz Alcorac 
Published: March 2024

Two inscriptions found at Kerinthos (territory of Chalcis), dating to the 4th and 3rd century BCE, document the noun ὀφημίαρχος, which refers to a local official unknown elsewhere. The present paper claims that the first constituent of ὀφημίαρχος is * ὄφημος or * ὀφήμιος, a compound which combines * ὀπί,
an old variant of the preposition ἐπί ‘ on’, and the neuter ἧμα ‘ a throw’ > ‘ projectile’, a deverbative noun from ἵημι “ to throw”. From both a derivational and a semantic point of view, * ὄφημος / * ὀφήμιος is accounted for as a hypostasis of the phrase * ὀφ’ ἥματι / ἥματος ‘ over the projectile’, where the preposition indicates ‘ control’ or ‘ supervision’. According to this hypothesis, the ὀφημίαρχος was the leader of the * ὄφημοι or * ὀφήμιοι, originally the ‘ supervisors of the projectiles’, who probably were members of a group called * ὀφημία (Ionic * ὀφημίη).
Empowering Women Entrepreneurs: Catalysts for Economic Growth
Authors: Bhuvaneswari S 
Published: March 2024

The involvement of women in business is essential for empowering women and driving economic advancement. This abstract provides a concise overview of a seminar paper that explores the concept of women entrepreneurship, its impact on women’s empowerment, and its role in promoting economic growth. This article examines the challenges faced by female entrepreneurs, the benefits of promoting women’s entrepreneurship, and the strategies for creating a supporting environment for women-owned businesses. Furthermore, this resource presents successful case studies and example techniques from other nations to demonstrate the positive outcomes of supporting women entrepreneurs. To summarise, the abstract emphasises the importance of women’s entrepreneurship in empowering women and contributing to sustainable economic development.