bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐assisted microdissection of polytene chromosomes from Diptera for the development of molecular markers
Authors: POST RORY J. , KRÜGER ANDREAS , SOMIARI STELLA B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe structural details visible under the light microscope have made polytene chromosomes from Diptera much used in studies of the taxonomy, evolution and genetics of important biological models such as Drosophila and Chironomus, and the medical entomology of important disease vectors such as blackflies and mosquitoes. This paper describes the isolation of sections of polytene chromosomes from preserved wild‐caught blackflies using off‐the‐shelf laser microdissection microscopy and subsequent analysis of the DNA using polymerase chain reaction. This allows a direct link between the visible structure of the genome and the unknown DNA sequence, facilitating the development of molecular markers for population cytogenetics and cytotaxonomy.
Co‐amplification of cytochrome b and D‐loop mtDNA fragments for the identification of degraded DNA samples
Authors: YANG DONGYA Y. , SPELLER CAMILLA F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe propose a simple and effective approach to simultaneously co‐amplify both cytochrome b and D‐loop fragments to evaluate DNA preservation and to monitor possible contaminations in the analysis of degraded animal DNA samples. We have applied this approach to over 200 ancient salmon samples and 25 ancient whale DNA samples, clearly demonstrating its multiple benefits for analysis of degraded DNA samples, and the ease in which co‐amplification can be optimized for different taxa. This simple, cost‐efficient and genomic DNA‐saving approach can be used routinely in the analysis of minute and degraded DNA samples in wildlife forensics, food inspection, conservation biology and ancient faunal remains.
aflpdat: a collection of r functions for convenient handling of AFLP data
Authors: EHRICH DOROTHEE 
Published: June 2006

Abstract aflpdat is a collection of R functions that facilitates the handling of dominant genotypic data. It converts data from a standard tab‐separated table to the input formats of the following programs: arlequin, structure, treecon, paup and hickory. In addition, it calculates the proportion of polymorphic markers in each population, and estimates gene diversity as the average proportion of pairwise differences between individuals with confidence intervals based on bootstrapping across markers. It also produces summary tables of marker frequencies and the presence or absence of markers in each population. aflpdat can be downloaded from http://www.nhm.uio.no/ncb/.
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Hemerocallis fulva and Hemerocallis citrina (Hemerocallidaceae)
Authors: MIYAKE TAKASHI , YAHARA TETSUKAZU 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTwenty microsatellite loci were isolated from a hybrid of two daylilies, Hemerocallis fulva and Hemerocallis citrina. We characterized individuals from two H. fulva populations and two H. citrina populations in Japan and observed three to 20 alleles per locus in H. fulva and one to 19 alleles per locus in H. citrina. Mean observed heterozygosity within populations ranged from 0.35 to 0.85 in H. fulva and from 0 to 0.95 in H. citrina. In about a half of the loci, the observed heterozygosity did not deviate from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These loci are proved useful in studying gene flow and qualitative trait loci mapping using the two species.
Treatment of Uncorrected Refractive Error Improves Vision‐Specific Quality of Life
Authors: Coleman Anne L. , Yu Fei , Keeler Emmett , Mangione Carol M. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefit of eyeglasses and magnifiers in elderly patients with uncorrected refractive errors.DESIGN: A single‐center, randomized, prospective, controlled trial (September 2001 to August 2003).SETTING: Los Angeles County, California.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty‐one community‐dwelling persons aged 65 and older who had habitual distance visual acuity of 20/32 or worse and whose distant visual acuity, near visual acuity, or both could be improved with eyeglasses, a magnifier, or both by two lines of acuity or more.INTERVENTION: Sixty‐six were randomized to receive a prescription and voucher for free eyeglasses, a magnifier, or both immediately, and 65 were randomized to receive a prescription and voucher after the 3‐month follow‐up visit (the control group).MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome was vision‐specific functioning as measured using the 25‐item National Eye Institute—Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ). Secondary outcomes were distance and near visual acuity and overall functioning as measured using the Rosow‐Breslau function questionnaire.RESULTS: In the intention‐to‐treat analysis of 3‐month follow‐up data, participants who received the eyeglasses prescription and voucher immediately had greater improvement in NEI‐VFQ composite scores than the control group (P<.01). They also had greater improvement in perceptions of their general vision (P<.01), distance visual acuity (P=.03), near visual acuity (P=.04), and mental health (P=.02).CONCLUSION: Correction of uncorrected refractive error, one of the leading causes of visual impairment in older people, improved the vision‐specific quality of life of community‐dwelling older persons.
Determinants of farmers' preference for alternative animal health service providers in Kenya: a proportional hazard application
Authors: Irungu P. , Omiti J. M. , Mugunieri L. G. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractOne hundred and eighty farmers in the semiarid Makueni district, Kenya, were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The objective was to assess factors that influence farmers' preference for alternative veterinary service providers following the liberalization of veterinary services. A proportional hazard model was fitted to the data because of its ability to accommodate simultaneously the attributes of both the chooser and the choice. Of the three service providers considered in the study, community‐based animal health workers were the most preferred followed by veterinary surgeons and animal health assistants. Farmers' age and education level were inversely but significantly related to the probability of choosing any of the three service providers. Distance to the preferred service provider was the main choice‐specific attribute with a significant impact on the choice probability. A high preference for community‐based animal health workers was noted suggesting the possibility of poorly trained animal health workers dominating the veterinary services market in remote areas of Kenya. Efforts geared toward the legalization of community‐based animal health workers in Kenya and elsewhere in the developing countries should first address the constraints that hinder the penetration of professional veterinary service providers in remote areas.
An option perspective on generating and maintaining plant variety rights in China
Authors: Koo Bonwoo , Pardey Philip G. , Qian Keming , Zhang Yi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNotwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs) even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years, in part to comply with their Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this article we empirically examine the pattern of PVP applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China's present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and institutional influences on decisions to develop and apply for varietal rights.
Prices of American Pinot Noir wines: climate, craftsmanship, critics
Authors: Haeger John W. , Storchmann Karl 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPinot Noir, a variety originating from Burgundy in France, is the most expensive category of table wine produced in North America. This article is aimed at analyzing its price determinants and focuses on climate, critical scores, and variables related to the winemaker. The main findings are as follows: (1) Pinot Noir prices are mainly determined by temperature and precipitation. General temperature increases are not beneficial. In fact, the optimal climate is similar to that in Burgundy. (2) The second most important variable is the winemaker. His or her skill and reputation have a significant impact on prices. (3) Expert knowledge, in the form of critical scores, has little explanatory value.
Do stronger intellectual property rights induce more agricultural trade?: a dynamic panel data model applied to seed trade
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hai , Woo Rhung‐Jieh 
Published: June 2006

AbstractDo stronger intellectual property rights (IPRs) induce more agricultural trade? Based on panel data for 60 countries during 1990–2000 and using a dynamic panel data model, this article assesses whether and how national differences in IPRs affect the trade flow of planting seeds imports from the United States. The empirical results show that whether or not a country adheres to IPRs agreements has no discernible impact on planting seeds that are imported from the United States, implying that the strengthening of IPRs seems not to induce more agricultural trade. This result sheds some light on the debate in the theoretical literature on the importance of IPRs and trade.
Comparison of early telescope loading of non‐submerged ITI implants in irradiated and non‐irradiated oral cancer patients
Authors: Landes Constantin Alexander , Kovács Adorján Ferenc 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective: To compare early dental implant loading in irradiated and non‐irradiated oral cancer patients in order to accelerate masticatory function improvement and quality of life.Patients and methods: One hundred and fourteen non‐submerged interforaminal ITI implants were early loaded in 30 patients after 3 weeks in situ (telescoped overdenture). Nineteen patients received 72 implants (63%) after local irradiation; 11 non‐irradiated patients received 42 implants (37%) with a 24‐month follow‐up.Results: At 24 month follow‐up, one early failure had occurred in an irradiated patient (=99% functioning implants in situ). Peri‐implant bleeding and plaque index were similarly high in both groups (40 to 68% average).The Results of other measured parameters were as follows (values for mean; irradiated; non‐irradiated patients with respective standard deviations; significance of comparison): bone loss (0.9±0.9; 1.4±0.9; 0.4±0.5 mM; P<0.01); Periotest® score (−2.7±2.7; −2.4±2.2; −3.1±3.3; P<0.2); gingival recession (0.6±0.7 mM; 0.8±0.9 mM; 0.4±0.5 mM, P<0.02); and peri‐implant probing depths (3±1.2; 2.6±0.6; 3.4±1.7 mM; P<0.002).Conclusion: The results suggest reliable non‐submerged implantation and early loading. However, bone loss in irradiated mandibles, combined with higher average Periotest values and gingival recession in an oral environment of altered saliva quantity, quality, microflora and local scarring, requires extended follow‐up.
Quality and quantity of bone following alveolar distraction osteogenesis in the human mandible
Authors: Chiapasco Matteo , Lang Niklaus P. , Bosshardt Dieter D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this prospective study on humans were to evaluate (a) the clinical outcome of alveolar distraction osteogenesis for the correction of vertically deficient edentulous mandibular ridges, (b) the clinical outcome of dental implants placed in the distracted areas, and (c) the quality and quantity of the bone that had formed in the distraction gap.Material and methods: Seven patients presenting vertically deficient edentulous ridges were treated by means of distraction osteogenesis with an intraoral alveolar distractor. Approximately 3 months after consolidation of the distracted segments, 20 ITI solid screw SLA implants were placed in the distracted areas. Three to 4 months later, abutments were connected and prosthetic loading of the implants started. During implant site preparation, bone biopsies were taken at the implant sites with trephine burrs for histologic and histometric analyses.Results: The mean follow‐up after the initial prosthetic loading was 18 months (range 12–24 months). The mean bone gain obtained at the end of distraction was 7 mm (range 5–9 mm). The cumulative success rate of implants 2 years after the onset of prosthetic loading was 95%, whereas the survival rate of implants was 100%. The newly formed bone consisted of woven bone reinforced by parallel‐fibered bone with bone marrow spaces between the bone trabeculae. The bone area fraction in the distraction region ranged from 21.6% to 57.8% (38.5±11.7%).Discussion and conclusions: Results from this study showed that (a) distraction osteogenesis is a reliable technique for the correction of vertically deficient edentulous ridges, (b) the regenerated bone withstood the functional demands of implant loading, (c) survival and success rates of implants placed in the distracted areas were consistent with those of implants placed in native bone, and (d) there is sufficient bone volume and maturity in the distracted region for primary stability of the implant.
Early implant failure. Prognostic capacity of Periotest®: retrospective study of a large sample
Authors: Noguerol Blas , Muñoz Ricardo , Mesa Francisco , De Dios Luna Juan , O'Valle Francisco 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy of Periotest® to monitor primary implant stability at first‐stage surgery, to identify by multivariate analysis the variables associated with early implant failure and to compare Periotest® with radiographic study in the diagnosis of implant stability at second‐stage surgery (during osseointegration period).Material and methods: A 10‐year retrospective study was conducted on 1084 Brånemark® implants placed in 316 patients. Clinical variables, implant diameter and length, Periotest® values (PTVs) and radiological variables were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate studies in order to determine their influence on early implant failure.Results: After examination of the sensitivity and specificity values obtained for different PTV cutoff points, a cutoff PTV of −2 was selected (84% sensitivity and 39% specificity). In the bivariate analysis, early failure was significantly related to smoking habits, implant location, bone type, implant features and PTVs (−2 and ≥−2). In the final multiple logistic model, only age (odds ratio (OR)=4.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34–15.27), smoking habits (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–4.79), bone type (OR=1.93; 95% CI, 1.01–3.7) and PTV at first surgery (OR=3.01; 95% CI, 1.5–6.02) were independently related to early failure.Conclusions: The Periotest® (with −2 cutoff) at first surgery offers high sensitivity in the prognosis of early implant loss and shows a greater capacity to evaluate stability during the osseointegration period compared with radiographic study.
Biomechanical aspects of initial intraosseous stability and implant design: a quantitative micro‐morphometric analysis
Authors: Akça Kιvanç , Chang Ting‐Ling , Tekdemir İbrahim , Fanuscu Mete I. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurpose: The objective of this biomechanical study was to explore the effect of bone micro‐morphology on initial intraosseous stability of implants with different designs.Material and methods: Straumann and Astra Tech dental implants were placed into anterior and posterior regions of completely edentulous maxilla and mandible of a human cadaver. Experiments were undertaken to quantify initial implant stability and bone micro‐morphology. Installation torque values (ITVs) and implant stability quotients (ISQs) were measured to determine initial intraosseous implant stability. For quantification of relative bone volume and micro‐architecture, sectioned implant–bone and bone core specimens of each implant placement site were consecutively scanned and trabecular bone was analyzed in a micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) unit. Experimental outcomes were evaluated for correlations among implant designs, initial intraosseous implant stability and bone micro‐structural parameters.Results: ITVs correlated higher with bone volume fraction (BV/TV) than ISQs, at 88.1% and 68.9% levels, respectively. Correlations between ITVs and micro‐morphometric parameters were significant at the 95% confidence level (P<0.05) while ISQs were not. Differences in ITVs, ISQs and BV/TV data in regards to implant designs used were not significant at the 95% confidence level (P>0.05).Conclusion: Bone micro‐morphology has a prevailing effect over implant design on intraosseus initial implant stability, and ITV is more sensitive in terms of revealing biomechanical properties at the bone–implant interface in comparison with ISQ.
Downregulation of Human Endometrial IL‐18 by Exogenous Ovarian Steroids
Authors: Lédée Nathalie , Dubanchet Sylvie , Lombroso Raoul , Ville Yves , Chaouat Gérard 
Published: June 2006

ProblemTo evaluate the influence of ovarian steroids on IL‐18, IL‐15 and angiopoietin‐2 mRNA expression in the endometrium in the mid luteal phase.Method of studyWe quantified IL‐18/GAPDH, IL‐18 BP/GAPDH, IL‐15/GAPDH and angiopoietin‐2/GAPDH in the endometrium by quantitative polymerase chain reaction on day 21 of the cycle. We first compared cytokines expression over two natural cycles (n = 15) then between natural and oestrogen–progestin replacement treatment (n = 18).ResultsEndometrial IL‐18, IL‐18 BP, IL‐15 and angiopoietin‐2 mRNA expression did not change over two natural cycles. Addition of exogenous hormones significantly decreased IL‐18 and IL‐18 BP mRNA expression but not influence IL‐15 or angiopoietin‐2 ratios. This was also observed with immunohistochemistry.ConclusionExogenous oestro‐progestative hormones influence endometrial IL‐18 system expression involved in angiogenesis and in the uterine natural killer (uNK) cell activation pathway during the implantation process.
H i 21 cm absorption at z ∼ 2.347 towards PKS B0438-436
Authors: Kanekar N. , Subrahmanyan R. , Ellison S. L. , Lane W. M. , Chengalur J. N. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
We report the detection of redshifted H i 21-cm absorption in the z∼ 2.347 damped Lyman a absorber (DLA) towards PKS B0438-436 with the Green Bank Telescope. This is the second-highest redshift at which 21-cm absorption has been detected in a DLA. The absorption extends over ∼60 km s-1 and has two distinct components, at z= 2.347 477(12) and z= 2.347 869(20). A similar velocity structure is seen in optical metal lines, although the peak absorption here is offset by ∼11 km s-1 from the peak in the 21-cm line. We obtain a high spin temperature Ts∼ (886 ± 248) × (f/0.58) K, using a covering factor estimated from 2.3-GHz very long baseline interferometry data. However, the current data cannot rule out a low spin temperature. The non-detection of CO 3-2 absorption places the upper limit NCO &lt; 3.8 × 1015 (Tx/10) cm-2 on the CO column density.
The Lyman α forest and WMAP year three
Authors: Viel Matteo , Haehnelt Martin G. , Lewis Antony 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A combined analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Lyman a forest data can constrain the matter power spectrum from small scales of about 1 h-1 Mpc all the way to the horizon scale. The long lever arm and complementarity provided by such an analysis have previously led to a significant tightening of the constraints on the shape and the amplitude of the power spectrum of primordial density fluctuations. We present here a combined analysis of the WMAP three-year results with Lyman a forest data. The amplitude of the matter power spectrum s8 and the spectral index ns inferred from the joint analysis of high- and low-resolution Lyman a forest data as analysed by Viel & Haehnelt are consistent with the new WMAP results to within 1s. The joint analysis with the mainly low-resolution data as analysed by McDonald et al. suggests a value of s8 that is ~2s higher than that inferred from the WMAP three-year data alone. The joint analysis of the three-year WMAP and the Lyman a forest data also does not favour a running of the spectral index. The best-fitting values for a combined analysis of the three-year WMAP data, other CMB data, 2-degree Field (2dF) data and the Lyman a forest data are (s8, ns) = (0.78 ± 0.03, 0.96 ± 0.01).
Phosphorus partitioning in a shallow lake: implications for water quality management
Authors: Spears B. M. , Carvalho L. , Paterson D. M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the seasonal partitioning of phosphorus (P) across the sediment–water interface in Loch Leven, Scotland, and discusses the implications for future lake management strategy with respect to recovery from eutrophication. In a 10‐month survey, surface water total phosphorus (TP) concentrations were highest in late summer and lowest in early spring. In contrast, sediment TP concentrations were highest in mid‐winter and lowest in late summer. Water discharge at the main outflow of the loch was highest when water‐column TP was low and sediment TP high, and vice versa. Monthly sediment P uptake/release values showed significant cycling between the water‐column and the sediment and showed seasonal variation in four release‐sensitive P pools. Regulating the water level to increase flushing during sediment release periods and decrease flushing during uptake periods has the potential to significantly enhance the recovery of shallow lakes and reservoirs following historic nutrient loading.
Early Agglomeration Recognition System (EARS)
Authors: Korbee R. , van Ommen J. R. , Lensselink J. , Nijenhuis J. , Kiel J. H. A. , van den Bleek C. M. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
In fluidized-bed combustion and gasification of biomass and waste, agglomeration of bed/ash particles is a major problem area. This paper deals with a new method for monitoring and controlling fluidized-bed hydrodynamics, which enables the recognition of agglomeration in an early stage and provides control measures to prevent further agglomeration and defluidization. The method, called early agglomeration recognition system (EARS), is based on recognizing significant differences between reference time series of pressure fluctuations and successive time series measured during prolonged plant operation. The early recognition provides a time interval for taking dedicated actions to counteract the agglomeration. Thus, EARS can be a tool to help plant operators prevent agglomeration-induced plant shutdowns and minimize bed material makeup and residue production. Results are presented of small-scale experiments showing the effectiveness and selectivity of the early agglomeration recognition. Subsequently, the development of control strategies is discussed.