bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of White parents' racial socialization: Links to attributions for racial inequalities and views of White privilege
Authors: Pahlke Erin , Nelson Ella , Patterson Meagan M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo explore predictors of variations in White parents’ racial socialization messages, we collected data on racial socialization practices, attributions for racial inequalities, and views about White privilege from White parents of White children between the ages of 10 and 14 (N = 194). After controlling for education and political ideology, endorsement of external attributions for racial inequality was related to sending more frequent messages about awareness of racism and White privilege, whereas endorsement of internal attributions was related to sending more frequent messages about colorblindness and preparation for bias. Further, beliefs about White privilege were associated with socialization regarding awareness of racism and acknowledgment of White privilege and negatively related to colorblind and preparation for bias messages. Results highlight the ways in which White parents’ racial socialization approaches reflect underlying views of race and racism.
Influence of stress‐specific interventions on biomarker levels and cognitive function in cancer patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Xiaotong , Zhu Mingyue , Zhao Fang , Wang Qing , Shi Jiyuan , Li Zheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeCancer patients' psycho‐physiological health is seriously affected by long‐term exposure to stress. Many studies have explored the impact of stress‐specific interventions on cancer patients' biomarker levels and cognitive functions. However, the current research findings are inconsistent, and their statistical power is limited by the small samples. Therefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis to verify the effect of stress‐specific interventions on cancer patients.MethodsThe literature involved nine databases from the inception until January 13, 2024, extracted 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 software was used to perform a meta‐analysis, and the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB2) was utilized for quality evaluation.ResultsNine RCTs were assessed as having a low risk of bias, and others had a moderate risk. The results showed that stress‐specific interventions had beneficial effects on patients' subjective cognition but uncertain impacts on their executive function, tumour necrosis factor‐α level, morning cortisol level, and no effect on cortisol at other times, interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐8, IL‐6, IL‐1, and C‐reactive protein.ConclusionMore rigorous studies are required to elucidate the influence of stress‐specific interventions on biomarker levels. The potential mechanism by which stress‐specific interventions affect the cancer patient's cognitive function remains unclear.
Animal migration in the Anthropocene: threats and mitigation options
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Piczak Morgan L. , Singh Navinder J. , Åkesson Susanne , Ford Adam T. , Chowdhury Shawan , Mitchell Greg W. , Norris D. Ryan , Hardesty‐Moore Molly , McCauley Douglas , Hammerschlag Neil , Tucker Marlee A. , Horns Joshua J. , Reisinger Ryan R. , Kubelka Vojtěch , Lennox Robert J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAnimal migration has fascinated scientists and the public alike for centuries, yet migratory animals are facing diverse threats that could lead to their demise. The Anthropocene is characterised by the reality that humans are the dominant force on Earth, having manifold negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Considerable research focus has been given to assessing anthropogenic impacts on the numerical abundance of species/populations, whereas relatively less attention has been devoted to animal migration. However, there are clear linkages, for example, where human‐driven impacts on migration behaviour can lead to population/species declines or even extinction. Here, we explore anthropogenic threats to migratory animals (in all domains – aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial) using International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Threat Taxonomy classifications. We reveal the diverse threats (e.g. human development, disease, invasive species, climate change, exploitation, pollution) that impact migratory wildlife in varied ways spanning taxa, life stages and type of impact (e.g. from direct mortality to changes in behaviour, health, and physiology). Notably, these threats often interact in complex and unpredictable ways to the detriment of wildlife, further complicating management. Fortunately, we are beginning to identify strategies for conserving and managing migratory animals in the Anthropocene. We provide a set of strategies that, if embraced, have the potential to ensure that migratory animals, and the important ecological functions sustained by migration, persist.
Predictive mapping of tree species assemblages in an African montane rainforest
Authors: Babaasa Dennis , Finn John T. , Schweik Charles M. , Fuller Todd K. , Sheil Douglas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConservation of mountain ecosystems can benefit from knowledge of habitats and their distribution patterns. This benefit is particularly true for diverse ecosystems with high conservation values such as the “Afromontane” rainforests. We mapped the vegetation of one such forest: the rugged Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda—a World Heritage Site known for its many restricted‐range plants and animal taxa including several iconic species. Given variation in elevation, terrain and human impacts across Bwindi, we hypothesized that these factors influence the composition and distribution of tree species. To test this, detailed surveys were carried out using stratified random sampling. We established 289 georeferenced sample sites (each with 15 trees ≥20 cm dbh) ranging from 1320 to 2467 m a.s.l. and measured 4335 trees comprising 89 species that occurred in four or more sample sites. These data were analyzed against 21 digitally mapped biophysical variables using various analytical techniques including nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and random forests. We identified six tree species assemblages with distinct compositions. Among the biophysical variables, elevation had the strongest correlation with the ordination (r2 = 0.5; p < 0.001). The “out‐of‐bag” (OOB) estimate of the error rate for the best final model was 50.7% meaning that nearly half of the variation was accounted for using a limited set of variables. We demonstrate that it is possible to predict the spatial pattern of such a forest based on sampling across a highly complex landscape. Such methods offer accurate mapping of composition that can guide conservation.
Clinical features and impact of p53 status on sporadic mismatch repair deficiency and Lynch syndrome in uterine cancer
Authors: Kato Mayumi Kobayashi , Fujii Erisa , Asami Yuka , Momozawa Yukihide , Hiranuma Kengo , Komatsu Masaaki , Hamamoto Ryuji , Ebata Takahiro , Matsumoto Koji , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kohno Takashi , Kato Tomoyasu , Yoshida Hiroshi , Shiraishi Kouya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe clinical features of sporadic mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) and Lynch syndrome (LS) in Japanese patients with endometrial cancer (EC) were examined by evaluating the prevalence and prognostic factors of LS and sporadic MMRd in patients with EC. Targeted sequencing of five LS susceptibility genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, and EPCAM) was carried out in 443 patients with EC who were pathologically diagnosed with EC at the National Cancer Center Hospital between 2011 and 2018. Pathogenic variants in these genes were detected in 16 patients (3.7%). Immunohistochemistry for MMR proteins was undertaken in 337 of the 433 (77.9%) EC patients, and 91 patients (27.0%) showed absent expression of at least one MMR protein. The 13 cases of LS with MMR protein loss (93.8%) showed a favorable prognosis with a 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of 100%, although there was no statistically significant difference between this group and the sporadic MMRd group (p = 0.27). In the MMRd without LS group, the 5‐year OS rate was significantly worse in seven patients with an aberrant p53 expression pattern than in those with p53 WT (53.6% vs. 93.9%, log‐rank test; p = 0.0016). These results suggest that p53 abnormalities and pathogenic germline variants in MMR genes could be potential biomarkers for the molecular classification of EC with MMRd.
Region‐specific DNA hydroxymethylation along the malignant progression of IDH‐mutant gliomas
Authors: Hana Taijun , Mukasa Akitake , Nomura Masashi , Nagae Genta , Yamamoto Shogo , Tatsuno Kenji , Ueda Hiroki , Fukuda Shiro , Umeda Takayoshi , Tanaka Shota , Nejo Takahide , Kitagawa Yosuke , Yamazawa Erika , Takahashi Satoshi , Koike Tsukasa , Kushihara Yoshihiro , Takami Hirokazu , Takayanagi Shunsaku , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe majority of low‐grade isocitrate dehydrogenase‐mutant (IDHmt) gliomas undergo malignant progression (MP), but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. IDHmt gliomas exhibit global DNA methylation, and our previous report suggested that MP could be partly attributed to passive demethylation caused by accelerated cell cycles. However, during MP, there is also active demethylation mediated by ten‐eleven translocation, such as DNA hydroxymethylation. Hydroxymethylation is reported to potentially contribute to gene expression regulation, but its role in MP remains under investigation. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of hydroxymethylation during MP of IDHmt astrocytoma. Five primary/malignantly progressed IDHmt astrocytoma pairs were analyzed with oxidative bisulfite and the Infinium EPIC methylation array, detecting 5‐hydroxymethyl cytosine at over 850,000 locations for region‐specific hydroxymethylation assessment. Notably, we observed significant sharing of hydroxymethylated genomic regions during MP across the samples. Hydroxymethylated CpGs were enriched in open sea and intergenic regions (p < 0.001), and genes undergoing hydroxymethylation were significantly associated with cancer‐related signaling pathways. RNA sequencing data integration identified 91 genes with significant positive/negative hydroxymethylation‐expression correlations. Functional analysis suggested that positively correlated genes are involved in cell‐cycle promotion, while negatively correlated ones are associated with antineoplastic functions. Analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas clinical data on glioma were in line with these findings. Motif‐enrichment analysis suggested the potential involvement of the transcription factor KLF4 in hydroxymethylation‐based gene regulation. Our findings shed light on the significance of region‐specific DNA hydroxymethylation in glioma MP and suggest its potential role in cancer‐related gene expression and IDHmt glioma malignancy.
Differential psychophysiological responses associated with decision‐making in children from different socioeconomic backgrounds
Authors: Delgado Hernán , Lipina Sebastián , Pastor M. Carmen , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Menéndez Ñeranei , Rodríguez Richard , Carboni Alejandra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examined how socioeconomic status (SES) influences on decision‐making processing. The roles of anticipatory/outcome‐related cardiac activity and awareness of task contingencies were also assessed. One hundred twelve children (Mage = 5.83, SDage = 0.32; 52.7% female, 51.8% low‐SES; data collected October–December 2018 and April–December 2019) performed the Children's Gambling Task, while heart rate activity was recorded. Awareness of gain/loss contingencies was assessed after completing the task. Distinct decision‐making strategies emerged among low and middle/high‐SES children. Despite similar awareness levels between SES groups, future‐oriented decision‐making was linked solely to the middle/high‐SES group. Somatic markers did not manifest unequivocally. However, contrasting cardiac patterns were evident concerning feedback processing and the association between anticipatory activity and awareness (low: acceleration vs. middle/high: deceleration). Results are interpreted from an evolutionary‐developmental perspective.
Ambrosia beetles adjust dispersal preferences to their degree of exhaustion
Authors: Nuotclà Jon Andreja , Taborsky Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Delayed dispersal of sexually mature offspring is a fundamental component of cooperative breeding in fungus farming ambrosia beetles. These beetles dwell in logs of recently deceased trees, where female offspring postpone reproduction and invest in alloparental care before dispersing to found a new nest. The wood quality affects investment of adult offspring in alloparental care and hence the breeder's reproductive success.
This raises the question of whether dispersing breeders choose habitats strategically to optimise breeding prospects and modulate their offspring's helping propensity. To answer this question, here we tested experimentally whether during dispersal, Xyleborinus saxesenii Ratzeburg (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) uses olfactory cues emitted by mutualistic or pathogenic fungi as an information source on prospective habitat quality.
As the mutualistic relationship between the fungi and beetles is obligate, fungus scent should provide a reliable source of information on habitat quality, indicating prior successful colonisation by conspecifics.
We found no evidence for direct pathogen avoidance. However, the beetles clearly responded to scent of their mutualistic fungi, dependent on dispersal state. At the onset of dispersal, females avoided the scent of fungus mutualists, whereas they were attracted to them after being exhausted by an experimentally prolonged dispersal time.
The observed change of preference during dispersal suggests that beetles freshly emerging from their home gallery may choose pristine habitat by avoiding mutualist scent. This might help to avoid competition with conspecifics and potential pathogen and parasite cross contamination. Exhausted beetles, however, may accept these risks and choose successfully colonised habitat to avoid starvation.
State‐dependent adjustment of habitat preferences may be exhibited also in other economically impactful bark and ambrosia beetles, which prompts further study of the olfactory cues used by these beetles during dispersal.
From traditional to clinical approach toward continuing professional development: Academia‐field partnership in teacher education
Authors: Grinshtain Yael , Avidov‐Ungar Orit , Livneh Idit , Shaked Haim , Nikritin Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study sought to characterize three partnership models in Israeli academic institutions—the traditional, the academia‐classroom, and the clinical field‐focused models. 42 interviews were conducted with educators (teacher educators; mentor teachers; program heads) at 14 Israeli colleges and universities where the programs take place. Differences between the models were found in relation to the role definition of the mentor teacher, the relationship between the pre‐service teacher and the mentor teacher, the contribution of the practicum to the pre‐service teacher, and the connection between theoretical and practical knowledge. Furthermore, the contribution of each of the three models is reflected in the scope of the experiential‐clinical component of the practicum; school‐academia partnerships; and the role of the principal of the training school. The study highlights the value‐added meanings and contributions of the experiential‐clinical component in teacher education programs in general and in the practicum in particular.
Parental digital involvement in online learning: Addressing the digital divide, not redressing digital reproduction
Authors: Hou Yansi , Chen Shuangye , Lin Xiaoying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the digital age, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has enabled learning to happen everywhere, leading to a shift of schooling to the home field and strengthening parents' educational responsibilities. Meanwhile, it may also cause the digital divide and digital reproduction, thereby exacerbating educational inequality. Against this backdrop, this study focused on parental digital involvement in online learning and introduced an emerging concept, digital capital, to understand the differences in parental involvement across socio‐economic backgrounds at the three levels of the digital divide. Drawing from the analysis of 90 Chinese parents' self‐narrated data, this paper identified four types of parental digital involvement according to parents' digital competence and ICT acceptance, and the conversion processes of different forms of capital underlying parental digital involvement were also clarified. The findings from this study expanded the theoretical understanding of inherited cultural capital and social reproduction in online learning in the context of educational digitization.
Neural network approach for detecting spatial changes in catch probability of Engraulis ringens during El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events in northern Chile
Authors: Armas Elier , Arancibia Hugo , Neira Sergio , Marín María Carla 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEngraulis ringens (anchovy) is a small pelagic fish of the Family Engraulidae that inhabits the neretic‐coastal zone from northern Peru to south‐central Chile. It is the main resource species of industrial fishing of northern Chile, representing 80% of the annual landings of the purse seine fleet. The history of this fishery (1985–2023) shows a strong decrease in annual industrial landings, especially during extreme El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The greatest decrease in landings in two decades occurred in 2020, coinciding with a cold La Niña event, which had not been observed in previous La Niña events. We evaluated whether the current decrease in annual landings of E. ringens is associated with oceanographic changes in northern Chile during El Niño or La Niña events. We applied a neuronal network model to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of E. ringens using the catch probability of each boat of the industrial purse seine fleet. The selected oceanographic variables (sea surface temperature, salinity, depth of the mixed layer, sea height and currents) for the 2003–2020 period were obtained from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS program) and used as predictor variables of the monthly landings of E. ringens. The neural network model explained 97% of the monthly variability of catch probability of E. ringens by the industrial purse seine fleet. The spatial distribution of catch probability of E. ringens was analyzed independently for El Niño (2015), La Niña (2007, 2013, and 2020), and Neutral (2004) years. We found that catch probability extended further west during La Niña events (except for 2020), occupying a greater area, but were limited to a 10 nautical mile coastal strip during the El Niño event. The spatial distribution of catch probability in the Neutral condition was near the coast, although not as restricted as during the El Niño event. The higher catch probabilities in the La Niña event of 2020 were near the coast, in contrast to the previous La Niña events of 2007 and 2013, due to the restriction of the optimal habitat of E. ringens in response to changes in oceanographic conditions. The application of the results of this study will allow understanding and probably anticipating the consequences that extreme ENSO events could have on the catch probability of the industrial anchovy purse seine fleet in northern Chile.
Sintering of Si3N4–SiC–MoSi2 composites additively manufactured by Multi Material Jetting
Authors: Zschippang Eveline , Kunz Willy , Weingarten Steven , Gottlieb Lisa , Wolfrum Anne‐Kathrin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the sintering behavior of Si3N4–SiC–MoSi2 composites manufactured by the Multi Material Jetting (MMJ) process. Therefore, electrically conductive and insulating Si3N4–SiC–MoSi2 composites were printed using MMJ. Samples were sintered in a gas‐pressure furnace at 6 and 31 atm, respectively. The density, microstructure, and crystalline phase composition were investigated, and the results discussed regarding the phase stability of the Si3N4–SiC–MoSi2 composites. The results show that the nitrogen pressure must be set carefully to avoid the formation of Mo5Si3 or Mo4.8Si3C0.6 on the one hand and to prevent the decomposition of the phases into a Si‐containing melt on the other.
Effect of TiO2 addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3 ceramic joints brazed with Ag‐CuO fillers
Authors: Yang Mengjuan , Zhao Jian , Hu Shengpeng , Zhou Wenlong , Zhou Wei , Fu Wei , Song Xiaoguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn our work, 0.5 mol.% TiO2 was added to Ag‐xCuO (x = 2, 4, 8 mol.%) fillers whose compositions at 1050°C were in the L2 single liquid phase region, the boundary of the miscible phase region, and the L1+L2 miscible phase region, respectively. The role of TiO2 was derived by comparing the quenching microstructure of the fillers on the Al2O3 ceramics and the effect on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength of the joints before and after the addition of TiO2. The results showed that the TiO2 would dissolve into the CuO‐rich L1 liquid phase of the filler, leading it to spread outside the molten droplet. When brazing with Ag‐4CuO‐0.5TiO2 filler, the CuO at the joint interface almost completely disappeared, and the shear strength of the joint was significantly reduced. In contrast, the joint strength showed a small increase when using Ag‐8CuO‐0.5TiO2 filler, as the excess CuO at the interface of the brazed joint was reduced. When the filler composition was in the L2 single liquid phase region, CuO was diffusely distributed throughout the molten droplet. TiO2 was hardly contacted with CuO and its addition had no significant effect on the interfacial microstructure and the shear strength of the joints.
Effect of WC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of (TiZrHfNbTaMo)C‐15 wt.% Co ceramics
Authors: Deng Xiao‐Chun , Kang Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Guo‐Hua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe (TiZrHfNbTaMo)C‐15 wt.% Co ceramics with excellent comprehensive properties were successfully prepared by vacuum liquid phase sintering. The effects of WC content on the grain size, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that WC was dissolved into (TiZrHfNbTaMo)C phase to form a seven‐component solid solution, and the independent WC phase disappeared. The addition of WC improved the wettability between the ceramic phase and the metal phase and promoted the densification of the ceramics. In addition, WC played a role in refining grains and inhibiting the grains growth to a certain extent. The comprehensive properties of ceramics were improved by solid solution strengthening and high entropy effect. When the WC content was 5 wt.%, the toughness reached the maximum of 9.41 ± 0.15 MPa·m1/2, and the hardness of the ceramic with 10 wt.% WC achieved the highest value of 18.18 ± 0.20 GPa.