bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How well do care providers know the children with developmental disabilities they care for?
Authors: Meester‐Delver Anke , Beelen Anita , Folmer Katinka , Medema Dorien , Hadders‐Algra Mijna , Nollet Frans 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To assess the knowledge from memory of caregivers about the most significant impairments contributing to additional care needs in children with developmental disabilities in therapeutic toddler groups.Methods: Children's needs for additional care due to impairments of physical health, motor, sensory, mental and voice and speech functions were separately classified using the capacity profile (CAP). Twenty‐three therapists and teachers of toddler groups in two regional centres for paediatric rehabilitation assessed the CAP individually, unprepared and without consulting their notes or the clinical record. These CAP scores (150 CAPs of 44 children) were compared with those based on the clinical record using weighted kappa statistics.Results: Weighted kappa values for the two sets of CAP scores ranged from 0.22–0.74 (median 0.53), with the lowest scores for the sensory domain (median 0.32, range 0.22–0.52) and the highest scores for the motor domain (median 0.62, range 0.56–0.74).Conclusion: Team members in general had only moderate remembered knowledge of the current impairments determining need of additional care. Remembered knowledge was the poorest for domains not easily observable, such as sensory functions. As this knowledge is essential for optimizing the child's daily environment, improvement of this type of knowledge should be facilitated.
Maternal use of loperamide in early pregnancy and delivery outcome
Authors: Källén Bengt , Nilsson Emma , Olausson Petra Otterblad 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To study delivery outcome including presence of infant congenital malformations after maternal use of loperamide in early pregnancy.Methods: Using the Swedish Medical Birth Register, women reporting the use of loperamide in early pregnancy were compared with other women for the period July 1, 1995–2004. Odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR) were estimated after adjustment for some variables, which were associated with the use of loperamide (year of delivery, maternal age, parity, smoking, number of previous miscarriages).Results: Characteristics of women using loperamide in early pregnancy were identified. An analysis of concomitant drug use indicated that only few of the women had inflammatory bowel disease. The risk of any congenital malformation was increased (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.04–1.96), based on 43 cases, but no major contributing type could be identified. The risk of hypospadias was significantly increased (RR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–6.6), based on seven cases. A statistically significant increase was seen also for placenta previa, large for gestational age and caesarean section.Conclusion: Maternal use of loperamide in early pregnancy may be associated with a moderate risk increase for a malformation in the infant. The finding should be evaluated from other large studies.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low‐birth‐weight infants after enteral glutamine supplementation in the neonatal period
Authors: Van Zwol Annelies , Van Den Berg Anemone , Huisman Jaap , Vermeulen R. Jeroen , Fetter Willem P. , Twisk Jos W.R. , Van Elburg Ruurd M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To determine the effect of neonatal glutamine‐enriched enteral nutrition in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age.Methods: Eighty‐eight out of one hundred two infants participating in the initial study were eligible for the follow‐up study (13 died, one exclusion due to a chromosomal abnormality). Neurodevelopmental outcome (neurologic status, vision, hearing and Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) was evaluated at the corrected age of 2 years. To adjust for potential confounders, data were analyzed by multiple linear or logistic regression (for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively)Results: Seventy‐two out of eighty‐eight (82%) infants participated in the follow‐up study: 40 and 32 infants in glutamine‐supplemented and control groups, respectively. The incidence of neither an MDI nor a PDI ≤ 85 was different in glutamine‐supplemented and control groups (MDI ≤ 85: 27 and 19%, p = 0.17; PDI ≤ 85: 28 and 16% p = 0.16, respectively). The incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment was not different between both groups (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 0.64–7.28).Conclusions: A positive effect of neonatal glutamine‐enriched enteral nutrition in VLBW infants on neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age was not found in this study.
Co‐occurrence of vitamin D‐dependent rickets type 1 and phenylketonuria
Authors: Søvik Oddmund , Boman Helge 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVitamin D‐dependent rickets type 1 (VDDR1) was diagnosed in a 15‐month‐old girl with well‐controlled phenylketonuria (PKU). The patient was homozygous for the PAH mutation L249F. The PAH and CYP27B1 genes are both located on the long arm of chromosome 12 and could possibly have been inherited from a common ancestor. The parents were not aware of any ancestral relationship and the patient was compound heterozygous for two different CYP27B1 mutations (R389H and S416X). Her mutations were shown to originate from each of her four grandparents. In Norway, the co‐occurrence of PKU and VDDR1 is expected to occur by chance one to two times per billion births.Conclusion: The extremely rare co‐occurrence of VDDR1 and PKU requires careful genetic work‐up and close attention to family information, but the combined treatment of the two metabolic disorders may not create special problems.
Neonatal infective endarteritis complicating patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Grover Anuj , Barnes Nick , Chadwick Cathryn , Thompson Fiona , Adams Eleri , Wilson Neil 
Published: April 2008

AbstractInfective endarteritis complicating patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a rare occurrence. Most cases are reported in older children and adults, and there are little published data describing this condition in the preterm neonate. We outline the presentation, clinical course, management and outcome of two affected infants born at less than 27 weeks of gestation.Conclusion: This report highlights the importance of a detailed cardiac evaluation in a neonate with persisting bacteraemia. An increasing awareness of neonatal ductal endarteritis combined with the wider availability of more sensitive echocardiography has implications for local neonatal service delivery.
Nasal respiratory support in premature infants: short‐term physiological effects and comfort assessment
Authors: Kugelman A , Bar A , Riskin A , Chistyakov I , Mor F , Bader D 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: To evaluate the effects of nasal respiratory support on physiologic parameters and comfort of premature infants, when compared to spontaneous breathing without nasal respiratory support.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, cross‐over clinical study. Infants were enrolled into the study when in ‘stable’ condition (when discontinuation of nasal respiratory support was considered appropriate). Infants were randomized to receive first 3 h of nasal respiratory support (nasal continuous positive airway pressure or nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation) or to spontaneous breathing, and then were crossed‐over to the other assignment. Each infant served as his own control.Results: Fifty‐four infants were included in the study (birth‐weight: 1528 ± 545 g; gestational age: 30.5 ± 2.7 weeks). Average values of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure and discomfort score were significantly higher while respiratory rate was significantly slower on nasal respiratory support compared to spontaneous breathing. Heart rate was comparable on both modes.Conclusions: Nasal respiratory support in ‘stable’ premature infants is associated with increased blood pressure and increased discomfort, despite a decreased respiratory rate. The clinical importance of these effects is modest. Medical teams should consider these effects and balance its need with its adverse effects according to the clinical condition.
On intimacy, sexual activities and exposure to sexual abuse among children and adolescents with mobility impairment
Authors: Jemtå L , Fugl‐Meyer KS , Öberg K 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: The aim was to describe experiences of intimacy and sexual activity and exposure to sexual abuse among children and adolescents with mobility impairment, and to relate these experiences to socio‐demographic data, disability characteristics and well‐being.Methods: This study included semi‐structured interviews with 141 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years with mobility impairment. Interpersonal experiences of intimacy and sexuality, socio‐demographic data, disability characteristics and well‐being were registered.Results: About half of the children and adolescents in the study had been in a boy‐ or a girlfriend relationship, and about a fifth had an ongoing relationship. Of the adolescents, 15% had at least one experience of a sexual relationship. Whereas no particular sexual dysfunction was reported, 15% had concerns about their future sexual activities, presumably related to mobility impairment. A history of sexual abuse was reported by 7% in the age cohort of 13–18 years. The socio‐demographic and disability‐related features had a marginal influence on the experiences of intimacy and sexual activities.Conclusion: Several aspects of sexual health are not fully realized for children and adolescents with impaired mobility, and there is a need for specialized sexual health care services to protect the sexual rights of this group.
Inducible direct plant defense against insect herbivores: A review
Authors: Chen Ming‐Shun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPlants respond to insect herbivory with responses broadly known as direct defenses, indirect defenses, and tolerance. Direct defenses include all plant traits that affect susceptibility of host plants by themselves. Overall categories of direct plant defenses against insect herbivores include limiting food supply, reducing nutrient value, reducing preference, disrupting physical structures, and inhibiting chemical pathways of the attacking insect. Major known defense chemicals include plant secondary metabolites, protein inhibitors of insect digestive enzymes, proteases, lectins, amino acid deaminases and oxidases. Multiple factors with additive or even synergistic impact are usually involved in defense against a specific insect species, and factors of major importance to one insect species may only be of secondary importance or not effective at all against another insect species. Extensive qualitative and quantitative high throughput analyses of temporal and spatial variations in gene expression, protein level and activity, and metabolite concentration will accelerate not only the understanding of the overall mechanisms of direct defense, but also accelerate the identification of specific targets for enhancement of plant resistance for agriculture.
Mechanisms of resistance to spinosad in the western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Yun , Kono Satoshi , Murai Tamotsu , Miyata Tadashi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCross‐resistance, resistance mechanisms, and mode of inheritance of spinosad resistance were studied in the western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Spinosad (naturalyte insecticide) showed low cross‐resistance to prothiophos (organophosphorus insecticide) and chlorphenapyr (respiratory inhibitor) showed some cross‐resistance to thiocyclam (nereistoxin). The synergists PBO (piperonyl butoxide), DEM (diethyl maleate), and DEF (s, s, s‐tributyl phosphorotrithioate) did not show any synergism on the toxicity of spinosad in the resistant strain (ICS), indicating that metabolic‐mediated detoxification was not responsible for the spinosad resistance, suggesting that spinosad may reduce sensitivity of the target site: the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and GABA receptor. Following reciprocal crosses, dose‐response lines and dominance ratios indicated that spinosad resistance was incompletely dominant and there were no maternal effects. The results of backcross showed that spinosad resistance did not fit a single‐gene hypothesis, suggesting that resistance was influenced by several genes.
Reducing Capture Zone Uncertainty with a Systematic Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Esling Steven P , Keller John E , Miller Kenneth J 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established several methods to delineate wellhead protection areas (WHPAs) around community wells in order to protect them from surface contamination sources. Delineating a WHPA often requires defining the capture zone for a well. Generally, analytical models or arbitrary setback zones have been used to define the capture zone in areas where little is known about the distribution of hydraulic head, hydraulic conductivity, or recharge. Numerical modeling, however, even in areas of sparse data, offers distinct advantages over the more simplified analytical models or arbitrary setback zones. The systematic approach discussed here calibrates a numerical flow model to regional topography and then applies a matrix of plausible recharge to hydraulic conductivity ratios (R/K) to investigate the impact on the size and shape of the capture zone. This approach does not attempt to determine the uncertainty of the model but instead yields several possible capture zones, the composite of which is likely to contain the actual capture zone. A WHPA based on this composite capture zone will protect ground water resources better than one based on any individual capture zone. An application of the method to three communities illustrates development of the R/K matrix and demonstrates that the method is particularly well suited for determining capture zones in alluvial aquifers.
Long‐Term Reactive Solute Transport in an Aquitard Using a Centrifuge Model
Authors: Timms W. A. , Hendry M. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCharacterizing and predicting reactive solute transport in low hydraulic conductivity (K) clay‐rich media is challenging because the very long transport time for solutes renders conventional column tests impractical. In this study, a centrifugation technique was developed to assess the transport of a simple aqueous solution (NaCl) by accelerating flow by centrifugal force through low K (1.1 × 10−11 m/s) core samples. Duplicate cores (52‐mm length × 33‐mm diameter) were centrifuged at 330 ×g for 90 d to model the migration of saline pore water (0.5 M NaCl) under in situ conditions through an approximately 17‐m‐thick clay prototype over approximately 24,000 years. A PHREEQC one‐dimensional reactive solute transport code simulated effluent breakthrough of the NaCl during centrifugation, with best‐fit cation exchange coefficients similar to batch tests. The calibrated code was used to predict solute profile development over the long term in the prototype or simulated field‐scale conditions. Chromatographic separation of solutes due to ion exchange was evident over several meters in the simulated prototype and the field profile. The applicability of centrifugation methods to predict transport of more complex suites of reactive solutes over the long term is yet to be verified.
Modeling Axisymmetric Flow and Transport
Authors: Langevin Christian D 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUnmodified versions of common computer programs such as MODFLOW, MT3DMS, and SEAWAT that use Cartesian geometry can accurately simulate axially symmetric ground water flow and solute transport. Axisymmetric flow and transport are simulated by adjusting several input parameters to account for the increase in flow area with radial distance from the injection or extraction well. Logarithmic weighting of interblock transmissivity, a standard option in MODFLOW, can be used for axisymmetric models to represent the linear change in hydraulic conductance within a single finite‐difference cell. Results from three test problems (ground water extraction, an aquifer push‐pull test, and upconing of saline water into an extraction well) show good agreement with analytical solutions or with results from other numerical models designed specifically to simulate the axisymmetric geometry. Axisymmetric models are not commonly used but can offer an efficient alternative to full three‐dimensional models, provided the assumption of axial symmetry can be justified. For the upconing problem, the axisymmetric model was more than 1000 times faster than an equivalent three‐dimensional model. Computational gains with the axisymmetric models may be useful for quickly determining appropriate levels of grid resolution for three‐dimensional models and for estimating aquifer parameters from field tests.
Increased extracellular 5‐HT but no change in sleep after perfusion of a 5‐HT1A antagonist into the dorsal raphe nucleus of rats
Authors: Fiske E. , Portas C. M. , Grønli J. , Sørensen E. , Bjorvatn B. , Bjørkum A. A. , Ursin R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim:  The 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist 4‐Iodo‐N‐[2‐[4‐(methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]ethyl]‐N‐2‐pyridinyl‐benzamide hydrochloride (p‐MPPI) (10 μm) was perfused into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) to study simultaneously the effects of the drug on the DRN and frontal cortex extracellular serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) levels and concurring behavioural states.Methods:  Waking, slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep were determined by polygraphic recordings during microdialysis perfusion and extracellular sample collection. The samples were analysed by microbore high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection for analysis of 5‐HT.Results:  p‐MPPI perfusion into the DRN (n = 6) produced a sixfold 5‐HT increase in the DRN during all behavioural states. The increased 5‐HT level was most likely related to the blockage of 5‐HT1A receptors in the DRN by p‐MPPI. No significant effect was seen on sleep.Conclusion:  Despite the dramatic increase in DRN extracellular 5‐HT produced by p‐MPPI, only a transient and nonsignificant effect on sleep was recorded. It is suggested that the usual coupling between 5‐HT level and behavioural state may be lost when an excessive serotonergic output is pharmacologically achieved.
Secularisation and the ‘Holistic Milieu’: Social and Psychological Perspectives
Authors: Main Roderick 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn sociology of religion, there is an ongoing debate about whether alternative, holistic or New Age spirituality represents a significant resurgence of concern for the sacred in the West and, if so, whether it amounts to counter‐evidence to the thesis that the West is undergoing an irreversible process of secularisation. In this article, I examine representative accounts of the contrasting views that New Age or holistic spirituality is not significant and that it is significant. Both views turn on interpretations of the importance within New Age spirituality, or the ‘holistic milieu’, of the self and its relation to society and the sacred. However, neither sociological perspective explores in depth the nature of this central concept of the self. For a deeper theorisation of the self that may cast some light on the contradiction between the two sociological viewpoints and provide a model for appreciating the potential significance of New Age spirituality, I propose an interdisciplinary intervention from the perspective of Jungian analytical psychology. Jungian psychology, I argue, is particularly fitted to contribute to the debate about secularisation and New Age spirituality because of its having emerged out of, and embedding insights from, both secularising and sacralising tendencies in modern Western culture. The Jungian approach points to a conception of the self, congruent with New Age notions, that counters the all too common assumption that the new forms of subjective spirituality are socially insignificant.
Recognition of Indigenous Interests in Australian Water Resource Management, with Particular Reference to Environmental Flow Assessment
Authors: Jackson Sue 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAustralia's new national water policy represents a substantial change from the previous approach, because it recognises a potential need for allocations to meet particular indigenous requirements, which will have to be quantitatively defined in water allocation plans. However, indigenous values associated with rivers and water are presently poorly understood by decision‐makers, and some are difficult to quantify or otherwise articulate in allocation decisions. This article describes the range of Australian indigenous values associated with water, and the way they have been defined in contemporary water resource policy and discourse. It argues that the heavy reliance of indigenous values on healthy river systems indicates that, theoretically at least, they are logically suited for consideration in environmental flow assessments. However, where indigenous interests have been considered for assessment planning purposes indigenous values have tended to be overlooked in a scientific process that leaves little room for different world views relating to nature, intangible environmental qualities and human relationships with river systems that are not readily amenable to quantification. There is often an implicit but untested assumption that indigenous interests will be protected through the provision of environmental flows to meet aquatic ecosystem requirements, but the South African and New Zealand approaches to environmental flow assessment, for example, demonstrate different riverine uses potentially can be accommodated. Debate with indigenous land‐holders and experimentation will show how suited different environment flow assessment techniques are to addressing indigenous environmental philosophies and values.
Distribution of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis
Authors: Stankovic Milan , Vlahovic Predrag , Avramovic Verica , Todorovic Miroljub 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn the pathogeneses of recurrent tonsillitis (RT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH), different immunological mechanisms are involved. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and aminopeptidase N (APN) participate in the regulation of the immune response during inflammation. In this study, the localization of DPP IV and the enzymatic activities of DPP IV and APN in 32 patients, 13 with RT and 19 with TH, who underwent tonsillectomy were investigated. The localization of DPP IV in tonsils was studied using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The enzymatic activities of DPP IV and APN in tonsillar lymphocytes and the patients' sera were determined kinetically at 37°C using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide (for DPP IV) and Ala-p-nitroanilide (for APN) as chromogenic substrates. In samples from both RT and TH patients, DPP IV was found to localize mainly in extrafollicular areas of tonsillar tissue in a pattern corresponding to the T-cell distribution. Significantly higher (P< 0.001) levels of DPP IV and APN activities in sera from patients with TH than in sera from patients with RT were found. A correlation of DPP IV activities in sera and tonsillar lymphocytes from patients with TH was also found (r= 0.518;P< 0.05). Moreover, the results show that DPP IV and APN activities in sera decreased significantly with age. Tonsillar lymphocytes demonstrated a wide range of DPP IV and APN activities, without significant differences between the investigated groups. The results of this study show that the localization of DPP IV does not depend on the type of tonsillitis, whereas the variety in levels of DPP IV and APN activities in sera of patients with TH and RT suggests different patterns of participation of antigen-stimulated tonsils in the immune system.