bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the induction of antibodies against Crandell-Rees feline kidney cell lysates and feline renal cell lysates after parenteral administration of vaccines against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia in cats
Authors: Lappin Michael R. , Jensen Wayne A. , Jensen Tracey D. , Basaraba Randall J. , Brown Cathy A. , Radecki Steven V. , Hawley Jennifer R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether administration of Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cell lysates or vaccines against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (FVRCP vaccines) that likely contain CRFK cell proteins induces antibodies against CRFK cell or feline renal cell (FRC) lysates in cats.Animals—14 eight-week-old cats.Procedure—Before and after the study, renal biopsy specimens were obtained from each cat for histologic evaluation. Each of 4 FVRCP vaccines was administered to 2 cats at weeks 0, 3, 6, and 50. Between weeks 0 and 50, another 3 pairs of cats received 11 CRFK cell lysate inoculations SC (10, 50, or 50 µg mixed with alum). Clinicopathologic evaluations and ELISAs to detect serum antibodies against CRFK cell or FRC lysates were performed at intervals.Results—Cats had no antibodies against CRFK cell or FRC lysates initially. All cats administered CRFK cell lysate had detectable antibodies against CRFK cell or FRC lysates on multiple occasions. Of 6 cats vaccinated parenterally, 5 had detectable antibodies against CRFK cell lysate at least once, but all 6 had detectable antibodies against FRC lysate on multiple occasions. Cats administered an intranasal-intraocular vaccine did not develop detectable antibodies against either lysate. Important clinicopathologic or histologic abnormalities were not detected during the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Parenteral administration of vaccines containing viruses likely grown on CRFK cells induced antibodies against CRFK cell and FRC lysates in cats. Hypersensitization with CRFK cell proteins did not result in renal disease in cats during the 56-week study. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:506–511)
Computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy of the thorax in clinically normal dogs
Authors: De Rycke Lieve M. , Gielen Ingrid M. , Simoens Paul J. , van Bree Henri 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To provide a detailed anatomic description of the thorax in clinically normal dogs by means of computed tomography.Animals—4 clinically normal adult German Shepherd Dogs weighing 28 to 37 kg.Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized and positioned in ventral recumbency for computed tomographic (CT) examination of the thorax. A CT image from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm was made by use of a third-generation scanner with a slice thickness of 5 mm. Individual images were reviewed by use of soft tissue (window width, 250 Hounsfield units; window level, 35 Hounsfield units) and lung (window width, 1,000 Hounsfield units; window level, –690 Hounsfield units) settings. One dog, weighing 28 kg, was euthanatized, bound on a wooden frame in the same position as used for CT examination, and frozen at –14oC until solid. By use of an electric band saw, the frozen thorax was sectioned at 10-mm-thick intervals. Slab sections were immediately cleaned, photographed, and compared with corresponding CT images.Results—Anatomic sections were studied, and identified anatomic structures were matched with structures on corresponding CT images. Except for some blood vessels and details of the heart, most of the bony and soft tissue structures of the thorax discerned on anatomic slices could be found on matched CT images.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because CT images provide detailed information on most structures of the canine thorax, results of our study could be used as a guide for evaluation of CT images of the thorax of dogs with thoracic diseases. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:512–524)
Effects of Carolina rinse solution, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the 21-aminosteroid, U-74389G, on microvascular permeability and morphology of the equine jejunum after low-flow ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Dabareiner Robin M. , White Nathaniel A. , Snyder Jack R. , Feldman Bernard F. , Donaldson Lydia L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of Carolina rinse solution, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 21-aminosteroid, U-74389G, on microvascular permeability and morphology of the equine jejunum after low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.Animals—20 healthy adult horses.Procedure—Under anesthesia, full-thickness biopsy specimens of a distal portion of the jejunum were obtained for baseline measurements. In addition to a control segment, 2 jejunal segments were identified as sham-operated or experimental segments. Experimental segments underwent 60 minutes of low-flow ischemia and 3.5 hours of reperfusion. Treatments were as follows: U-74389G (3 mg/kg, IV; 6 horses), DMSO (20 mg/kg, IV; 6) diluted in 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, local perfusion (via jejunal artery) of Carolina rinse solution (0.5 mL/kg; 4), and local perfusion of lactated Ringer's solution (0.5 mL/kg; 4).Results—Jejunal microvascular permeability was significantly lower after treatment with Carolina rinse solution or DMSO, compared with U-74389G or lactated Ringer's solution treatments. After DMSO treatment, serosal- and submucosal-layer edema was significantly increased in experimental segments, compared with control or sham-operated segments; however, edema increases were significantly less than for lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G treatments. Significant decreases in intestinal wet weight-to-dry weight ratio were found following Carolina rinse solution or DMSO treatments, compared with lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G treatments. Edema formation and leukocyte infiltration in jejunal segments of horses treated with lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G were increased, compared with Carolina rinse solution or DMSO treatments.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Carolina rinse solution and DMSO may be protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the equine jejunum. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:525–536)
Analgesic effects of epidurally administered levogyral ketamine alone or in combination with morphine on intraoperative and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Acosta Alinne Dalla-Porta , Gomar Carmen , Correa-Natalini Claudio , Bopp Simone , Polydoro Alexandre , Sala-Blanch Xavier 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the analgesic and adverse effects of epidurally administered levogyral (S[+]) ketamine alone or in combination with morphine on intraoperative and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Animals—30 dogs scheduled for ovariohysterectomy.Procedure—Dogs were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups. Dogs in group 1 received S(+) ketamine (1 mg/kg), dogs in group 2 received S(+) ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) and morphine (0.05 mg/kg), and dogs in group 3 received S(+) ketamine (1 mg/kg) and morphine (0.025 mg/kg). The skin was incised 15 minutes after epidural administration of analgesics. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, and arterial blood gases were obtained before anesthesia, 15 minutes after epidural administration of analgesics, 15 and 30 minutes after initiation of surgery, and at the end of surgery. During the intraoperative period, an increase of ≥ 20% in baseline values for HR, RR, and SBP was considered a sign of intraoperative pain. Signs of pain and adverse effects were assessed at 2, 4, and 8 hours postoperatively.Results—There were no significant differences in intraoperative or postoperative measurements among the 3 groups. No dogs had intraoperative signs of pain. Mean postoperative pain assessment scores were < 3.5 in all 3 groups. Salivation was the most frequent adverse effect in dogs in groups 1 and 3, and sedation occurred more frequently in dogs in groups 2 and 3.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—All 3 analgesic regimens provided good respiratory and cardiovascular stability intraoperatively and adequate postoperative analgesia with minimal adverse effects. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:54–61)
Assessment of the effects of erythromycin, neostigmine, and metoclopramide on abomasal motility and emptying rate in calves
Authors: Wittek Thomas , Constable Peter D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine and compare the effects of erythromycin, neostigmine, and metoclopramide on abomasal motility and emptying rate in suckling calves.Animals—6 male Holstein calves (15 to 40 days of age).Procedure—Calves were monitored for 1 hour before being fed milk replacer (60 mL/kg; time, 0 minutes) and then were monitored for another 3 hours. Calves received 6 treatments in randomized order: erythromycin (8.8 mg/kg, IM) at –30 minutes; low-dose erythromycin (0.88 mg/kg, IM) at –30 minutes; erythromycin (8.8 mg/kg, IM) at –30 minutes and neostigmine (0.02 mg/kg, SC) at –30 and 90 minutes; neostigmine (0.02 mg/kg, SC) at –30 and 90 minutes; metoclopramide (0.1 mg/kg, IM) at –30 and 90 minutes; and placebo (2 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, SC) at –30 minutes. Abomasal volume was calculated from ultrasonographic measurements of abomasal width, length, and height. Abomasal motility and emptying rate were assessed by measuring luminal pressure and change in abomasal volume over time.Results—Administration of erythromycin (8.8 mg/kg) increased the frequency of abomasal luminal pressure waves and the mean abomasal luminal pressure and decreased the half-time of abomasal emptying by 37%. Administration of metoclopramide, neostigmine, and low-dose erythromycin (0.88 mg/kg) did not alter abomasal motility, mean luminal pressure, or emptying rate.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that administration of erythromycin at the labeled antimicrobial dose (8.8 mg/kg, IM) exerted an immediate, marked prokinetic effect in healthy suckling calves, whereas administration of metoclopramide or neostigmine did not alter abomasal motility or emptying rate. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:545–552)
Effect of exercise on age-related changes in collagen fibril diameter distributions in the common digital extensor tendons of young horses
Authors: Edwards Lindsey J. , Goodship Allen E. , Birch Helen L. , Patterson-Kane Janet C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether specific treadmill exercise regimens would accelerate age-related changes in collagen fibril diameter distributions in the common digital extensor tendon (CDET) of the forelimbs of young Thoroughbreds.Animals—24 female Thoroughbreds.Procedure—Horses were trained for 18 weeks (6 horses; short term) or 18 months (5 horses; long term) on a high-speed treadmill; 2 age-matched control groups (6 horses/group) performed walking exercise only. Horses were (mean ± SD) 24 ± 1 months and 39 ± 1 months old at termination of the shortterm and long-term regimens, respectively. Midmetacarpal CDET specimens were obtained and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Diameter and area of at least 1,000 collagen fibrils/specimen were measured by use of computerized image analysis. Mass-average diameter (MAD) of collagen fibrils and collagen fibril index were calculated for each horse.Results—Collagen fibril MAD for the older horses was significantly less than that for the younger horses. Exercise did not significantly affect fibril diameter or distributions in either age group, and collagen fibril index did not differ significantly between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Age-related reduction in collagen fibril MAD agreed with findings for other tendons and species. Training did not accelerate age-related change in the CDET, in contrast to a reported decrease in collagen fibril MAD in the superficial digital flexor tendon of horses trained long term. Our results support the concept that the functionally distinct nature of the CDET and superficial digital flexor tendon in horses results in fundamentally different responses to high-speed exercise regimens. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:564–568)
Effects of caffeine on exercise performance of physically fit Thoroughbreds
Authors: Savage Kathleen A. , Colahan Patrick T. , Tebbett Ian R. , Rice Brett L. , Freshwater Lester L. , Jackson Christie A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effects of a dose of caffeine
(2.5 mg/kg, IV) administered to physically fit
Thoroughbreds during incremental exercise testing to
fatigue on a treadmill.

Animals—10 conditioned Thoroughbreds.

Procedure—Horses were randomly assigned to
receive caffeine or a control solution. Each horse
received both treatments in a crossover design with a
3-week interval between treatments. Each horse was
administered caffeine (2.5 mg/kg) or an equivalent
amount of a control solution IV. One hour after injection,
each horse performed an incremental exercise
test to exhaustion. Hematologic values, heart rate,
oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, plasma
lactate concentration, urine and serum concentrations
of caffeine and metabolites, and time until
exhaustion were monitored. Statistical analysis was
performed by use of a mixed-effects linear model.

Results—Significant differences in measured values
when horses were treated with caffeine or the control
solution were not detected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A dose of caffeine
(2.5 mg/kg, IV) appears to have no effect on any
performance variable of physically fit Thoroughbreds
during incremental exercise testing to fatigue. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:569–573)
Influence of general anesthesia on pharmacokinetics of intravenous lidocaine infusion in horses
Authors: Feary Darien J. , Mama Khursheed R. , Wagner Ann E. , Thomasy Sara 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the disposition of lidocaine administered IV in awake and anesthetized horses.Animals—16 horses.Procedure—After instrumentation and collection of baseline data, lidocaine (loading infusion, 1.3 mg/kg administered during 15 minutes (87 µg/kg/min); constant rate infusion, 50 µg/kg/min) was administered IV to awake or anesthetized horses for a total of 105 minutes. Blood samples were collected at fixed times during the loading and maintenance infusion periods and after the infusion period for analysis of serum lidocaine concentrations by use of liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection. Selected cardiopulmonary parameters including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial pH, PaCO2, and PaO2were also recorded at fixed time points during lidocaine administration. Serum lidocaine concentrations were evaluated by use of standard noncompartmental analysis.Results—Serum lidocaine concentrations were higher in anesthetized than awake horses at all time points during lidocaine administration. Serum lidocaine concentrations reached peak values during the loading infusion in both groups (1,849 ± 385 ng/mL and 3,348 ± 602 ng/mL in awake and anesthetized horses, respectively). Most lidocaine pharmacokinetic variables also differed between groups. Differences in cardiopulmonary variables were predictable; for example, HR and MAP were lower and PaO2 was higher in anesthetized than awake horses but within reference ranges reported for horses under similar conditions.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anesthesia has an influence on the disposition of lidocaine in horses, and a change in dosing during anesthesia should be considered. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:574–580)
Evaluation of transdermal application of glipizide in a pluronic lecithin gel to healthy cats
Authors: Bennett Nicole , Papich Mark G. , Hoenig Margarethe , Fettman Martin J. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate plasma glipizide concentration and its relationship to plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy cats administered glipizide orally or transdermally.Animals—15 healthy adult laboratory-raised cats.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (5 mg of glipizide, PO or transdermally) and a control group. Blood samples were collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 hours after administration to determine concentrations of insulin, glucose, and glipizide.Results—Glipizide was detected in all treated cats. Mean ± SD transdermal absorption was 20 ± 14% of oral absorption. Mean maximum glipizide concentration was reached 5.0 ± 3.5 hours after oral and 16.0 ± 4.5 hours after transdermal administration. Elimination half-life was variable (16.8 ± 12 hours orally and 15.5 ± 15.3 hours transdermally). Plasma glucose concentrations decreased in all treated cats, compared with concentrations in control cats. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower 2 to 6 hours after oral administration, compared with after transdermal application; concentrations were similar between treatment groups and significantly lower than for control cats 10 to 24 hours after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transdermal absorption of glipizide was low and inconsistent, but analysis of our results indicated that it did affect plasma glucose concentrations. Transdermal administration of glipizide is not equivalent to oral administration. Formulation, absorption, and stability studies are required before clinical analysis can be performed. Transdermal administration of glipizide cannot be recommended for clinical use at this time. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:581–588)
Virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Layton Robert C. , Straus David C. , Ayers J. R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare the virulence of spores of 7
fungi by tracheal inoculation of goats following exposure
of goats to an aerosol of sterilized feedyard dust.

Animals—54 weanling Boer-Spanish goats.

Procedure—A prospective randomized controlled
study was conducted. There were 7 fungal treatment
groups, a tent control group, and a pen control group
(n = 6 goats/group). Goats in the 7 treatment and tent
control groups were exposed to autoclaved
aerosolized feedyard dust for 4 hours in a specially
constructed tent. Goats in the 7 treatment groups
were then inoculated intratracheally with 30 mL of a
fungal spore preparation, whereas tent control goats
were intratracheally inoculated with 30 mL of physiologic
saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. These treatments
were repeated each week for 6 weeks.

Results—Severity of pathologic changes differed significantly
among the 7 fungal treatment groups as
determined on the basis of gross atelectatic and consolidated
lung lesions and histologic lesions of the
lungs. Descending order for severity of lesions was
Mucor ramosissimus, Trichoderma viride,
Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys chartarum,
Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and
Monotospora lanuginosa. Trichoderma viride spores
were the most invasive and were isolated from the
bronchial lymph nodes and thoracic fluid of all 6 goats
administered this organism. Spores were observedhistologically
in lung tissues harvested 72 hours after
inoculation from all treatment groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—4 of 7 fungal
spore types induced significantly larger lung lesions,
compared with those induced by the other 3 spore
types or those evident in control goats. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:615–622)
Evaluation of displacement of the digital cushion in response to vertical loading in equine forelimbs
Authors: Taylor Danny D. , Hood David M. , Potter Garry D. , Hogan Harry A. , Honnas Clifford M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate patterns of digital cushion
(DC) displacement that occur in response to vertical
loading of the distal portion of the forelimb in horses.

Sample Population—Forelimbs from 10 horses with
normal feet.

Procedure—Patterns of DC displacement induced by
in vitro vertical limb loading were determined. Loadinduced
displacement of the DC was defined as the
magnitude and direction of displacement of 6 radiodense,
percutaneously implanted markers in specific
regions of the DC. The effects of solar support and
nonsupport on displacement of the DC were compared.

Results—Regional displacement of the DC occurred
principally along distal and palmar vectors in response
to vertical loading. Medial or lateral abaxial displacements
were variable and appeared to be dependent
on response of the limb to the applied load.
Displacement of the DC was not affected by the
degree of solar support.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data indicated
that the biomechanical function of the DC is to act
as a restraint to the displacement of the second phalanx
or as a passive structure that allows flexibility of
the caudal two thirds of the foot. Results did not indicate
that the DC provides a force that induces displacement
of or an active restraint against outward
displacement of the hoof wall capsule. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:623–629)
Hemodynamic effects of orally administered carvedilol in healthy conscious dogs
Authors: Abbott Jonathan A. , Broadstone Richard V. , Ward Daniel L. , Pyle R. Lee 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the hemodynamic effects of orally administered carvedilol in healthy dogs with doses that might be used to initiate treatment in dogs with congestive heart failure.Animals—24 healthy dogs.Procedure—Dogs were randomly allocated to receive carvedilol PO at a dose of 1.56, 3.125, or 12.5 mg, twice daily for 7 to 10 days; 6 dogs served as controls. Investigators were blinded to group assignment. Hemodynamic variables were recorded prior to administration of the drug on day 1 and then 2, 4, and 6 hours after the morning dose on day 1 and days 7 to 10. Change in heart rate after IV administration of 1 µg of isoproterenol/kg and change in systemic arterial blood pressure after IV administration of 8 µg of phenylephrine/kg were recorded 2 and 6 hours after administration of carvedilol.Results—Administration of carvedilol did not significantly affect resting hemodynamic variables or response to phenylephrine. The interaction of day and carvedilol dose had a significant effect on resting heart rate, but a significant main effect of carvedilol dose on resting heart rate was not detected. Increasing carvedilol dose resulted in a significant linear decrease in heart rate response to isoproterenol.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In healthy conscious dogs, orally administered carvedilol at mean doses from 0.08 to 0.54 mg/kg given twice daily did not affect resting hemodynamics. Over the dose range evaluated, there was a dose-dependent attenuation of the response to isoproterenol, which provided evidence of β-adrenergic receptor antagonism. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:637–641)