bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are You Fit to Fly? Medical Fitness for Air Travel
Authors: Mehra A. , Masrani P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
All flights impose preflight, inflight and postflight stresses; most of them are well tolerated by healthy passengers. However, reduced barometric pressure with concomitant decrease in partial pressure of oxygen in the aircraft environment make it a hostile place for passengers with even minor cardiac, respiratory, psychological, neurological, and gastrointestinal diseases. Other problems like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), jet lag, airsickness, decompression sickness, and fear of flying cannot be ignored. Spread of highly infectious and communicable diseases amongst passengers in closed confines of the aircraft cabin, is a major concern today. Every airline in the world has capability to render inflight medical care with onboard availability of first- aid and physician's kits, oxygen, and trained cabin crew. Today, most of the airlines have automated external defibrillators (AED) installed onboard for cardiac emergencies, few also have telemedicine links with physician's on ground. In conclusion, a trivial medical condition, if overlooked, may become a serious medical issue at 1828 meters to 2440 meters (6000 feet to 8000 feet) in the confines of an aircraft cabin.
Human Factors Program Eliminates Safety Hazards of Marine Seismic Streamer-Handling Operations
Authors: Swinstead N. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Technical developments of the marine seismic business of WesternGeco require vessels to handle an increasing amount of towed equipment. With backdeck streamer-handling operations identified as an increasingly hazardous activity, the company took affirmative action to improve operational safety by initiating a human factors design program. This paper presents a novel solution that was developed and introduced on the Geco Eagle, the world's first vessel with 20-streamer capacity (see Appendix A).
The design program focused on all backdeck operations with the objective of eliminating hazards from the work areas. Task analysis techniques were used for data gathering to define operational activities, eventually leading to the design brief.
The creative design program was undertaken using 3D computer visualization that enabled staff to fly through a virtual model of the vessel backdeck. The virtual model was presented to vessel crews to ensure that practical issues were addressed and that users' experience was integrated into the design program.
Prior to commissioning the vessel, a backdeck simulator was built using the 3D modeling database for crew training. Simulation capabilities are such that in addition to normal operational training, crews can be prepared for extreme operational conditions and problems that cannot readily be demonstrated by traditional training techniques at sea.
The results of this program were impressive, with the elimination of backdeck streamer-handling hazards, significantly improved crew training, and increased productivity.
Protecting What's Important: An HSE Management System Primer
Authors: Crabbe Ron , Twilhaar Dick Nijen 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
When Shell Deepwater Services (SDS) introduced the Shell Group concept of HSE Management Systems it found the traditional workshop delivery methods were not successful in educating personnel about the system. Recognizing this challenge, a team within SDS devised the Protecting What's Important workshop. It was designed to introduce the HSE Management System to staff using everyday language in a setting which was both familiar and non-work related.
Preliminary Review of Oil Spill Risk and Response Capability of PETRONAS International Exploration & Production Facilities
Authors: Lee Tzee Wan , B Yusof M Radzuan , Muda Asul Kahar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Aspiring to be a leading International E&P company of choice, PCSB takes on the responsibility to protect the environment wherever it operates. The company sees a need to understand and effectively manage the risk of oil spill arising from its various E&P facilities located all over the world. The risk of oil spill was assessed based on the probability of occurrence and the consequence or severity of the spill. The severity of the spill is defined by oil exposure volume, relevant legislative requirement of the host country of operations, environmental sensitivity and stakeholders' perception which has a direct impact on the reputation of the company. To ensure the risk of oil spill at each facility is minimized to as low as reasonably practicable level, the company developed a set of oil spill response capability requirement based on risk level.
Russian Experience in Emergency Preparedness and Oil Spill Response Planning in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Jouravel Valentine 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The majority of new Russian oil and gas developments are located either in harsh, like Siberia inland, Arctic and Far East off-shore, and/or in sensitive environmental conditions, such as all the above, Caspian and Baltic Sea. Besides of affordable good practice intents, there are two additional items making HSE management of such developments a challenging issue.
First is that during last years State regulation in the HSE issues demonstrates never yet seen severization of requirements, where some of them are much stronger that those in other countries. The second is that nowadays developments are participating by foreign companies, both as stakeholders and contractors. Newcomers entering Russian developments may become anxious about an evident gap between what they know as a common practice and what they are requested in this country.
The paper is mainly focused on emergency preparedness and oil spill response planning: (i) What is required by the State regulation and (ii) How the industry can comply with.
Measuring Environmental Performance in Oilfield Services: Developing Meaningful Indicators
Authors: Edgar J. K. , Ivory J. M. , Carley J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
How well does your company perform on environmental issues? This frequently asked question can be effectively answered only by a company with knowledge of its environmental performance, supported by facts from the operating bases. At one oilfield service company, answering this question started with the decision to develop an environmental performance monitoring program.
Each company has particular environmental risk areas that may not be the same as other industry groups. Therefore, there was no predefined package available for immediate implementation. While the company sought guidance from major operators in the oilfield industry, the indicators selected for measurement were chosen to reflect performance in company-specific environmental risk areas. An additional consideration was that the indicators should enable assessment of the company's contribution to global environmental issues. The challenge was not only to establish indicators that accurately reflected performance against true environmental risk and issues of global concern, but also in data collection, quality control, and normalization. Collecting the data resulted in knowledge of real-time performance in absolute terms. However, the true value in the program comes from drawing meaningful conclusions and establishing realistic targets to reduce the environmental impact of company operations.
This paper describes the program development from conception, through discussion of key environmental risk areas, and the choice of performance indicators. It gives an account of communication and logistical challenges, problems experienced in data collection and program review, and changes made throughout the learning process. It does not provide a solution to the performance monitoring problem; rather, it describes how one oilfield service company is progressing toward the goal of confidently describing the environmental impact of their operations, and providing an accurate basis for continuously improving environmental performance.
An Emerging Approach to HSE Certifications and Verifications: A Behaviors- and Outcomes-focused Approach
Authors: Kraus Brian , Jimenez Roberto , Goodwin Max 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Oil and gas companies are under increasing pressure from external parties to deliver on stated HSE commitments and performance objectives. Many of them are also being compelled to obtain HSE-related certifications (e.g., ISO 140011, OHSAS 180012, RCMS3, EMAS4). These developments and others have fueled a sharp growth in the area of independent (third-party) certification and verification activities at petroleum industry facilities.
The movement towards obtaining external certifications and conducting verification activities is providing HSE managers in the industry with either ‘nightmare’ scenarios (more paperwork, dealing with auditors that don't understand the business, etc.) or with tremendous opportunities to improve performance and further integrate HSE into the business.
Whilst this paper will not focus on the ‘benefits’ of obtaining external certification and/or conducting verification activities per se, most of these will become self-evident through the course of the discussion. Moreover, the paper will focus on comparing two very different approaches that are emerging in the oil and gas industry to address these developments in HSE third-party certifications.
This paper will argue that one approach, the ‘traditional’ (quality management system) approach to HSE certification events, is fundamentally flawed because it drives organizations to focus on maintaining a body of documentation and bureaucracy, which is not consistent with the way that oil and gas companies work. This paper will then discuss an alternative approach to third-party certification that is emerging at oil and gas industry facilities: one that focuses on evaluating and driving HSE performance.
Additionally, this paper will provide a brief case study related to the HSE performance of sites that have external certifications and conduct verification activities. It will illustrate the results obtained by oil & gas operations that have adopted the alternative approach over the traditional approach.
Environmental Baseline Surveys in Deep Waters: the lessons learnt offshore West Africa
Authors: Sutton C. , Miné J. , Canovas S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the technical methods used during three deep offshore environmental surveys performed off Angola, Nigeria and Congo. The logistical means such as the choice of vessel, crane type, winch speed and cable length, adequate equipment and protocol for sediment and water sampling and measurements, and benthic samples preparation and biodiversity identification are described. The results show similar physical features for the three areas, consisting in 1) water column stratification, with three water masses (0 to 50 m deep; 100 to 400 m and below 400 m) lowly enriched by nutrients, heavy metals and hydrocarbons, probably due to low inputs from the continent, and 2) sediment characterised by a very high rate of fine particles, a quite high organic enrichment and low heavy metals and hydrocarbons background levels. Such environmental conditions suggest over all that vertical mixing of waters is low, and that the horizontal water circulation is slow at such great depths. They provide constant conditions of life for benthic fauna communities, which are very rich, abundant and diversified, i.e. healthy and equilibrated. Main difficulties to be overcome regarded some technical issues, as identification of unknown benthic organisms. To conclude, the specific equipment and protocols deployed for performing the three great-depth surveys on Girassol, Akpo and Moho Bilondo fields were well adapted to deep-sea sampling, and allowed to significantly improve our knowledge of deep-sea environment.
Using Targeted Interventions to Lower Health Risks in a Multi-site Wellness Program
Authors: Poindexter M. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Obesity is a significant and growing health risk problem in the United States, where 61% of the population is considered obese. The problem is even more serious at Shell Exploration & Production Company (SEPCo), making it our most important health concern. Obesity is associated with increased heart disease, certain cancers, Type II diabetes, stroke, and many other health disorders.
The increased predominance of significant health risks has a direct impact on company performance. These risks correlate to increased employee absence, medical costs, and insurance claims and workers compensation costs, thus decreasing overall productivity.
This paper explains the critical steps taken to establish an effective and measurable health promotion program at multiple worksites. The SEPCo workforce, Shell's U.S. E&P organization, consists of 2300 employees and over 1000 contractors. The multiple worksites are composed of onshore administrative, onshore field and offshore Gulf of Mexico locations. The program developed five primary components into its program mix: assessment, program risk analysis, risk interventions, program promotion, and outcome measurements.
Data analysis and results from biometric assessments performed on 1200 voluntary wellness participants during years 2002-2003 is presented. A volunteer "Wellness Advocacy Team" was developed throughout the SEPCo organization to promote and educate employees to a healthier lifestyle. Twenty-six wellness rooms were set up at remote worksite locations and all employees were eligible to participate in a Wellness Reimbursement program designed to promote lifetime physical activity and weight loss.
It has been concluded that using a multifaceted approach to promoting and creating a healthier workforce environment is an effective wellness strategy to lower health risks and costs of employees at multiple work locations.
Exercise as Medicine - Health Promotion and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Kvadsheim Marianne , Martin Ellen Marie 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In 1994 Norway was awarded the winter Olympic games in Lillehammer. Simultaneously Statoil initiated a campaign with the main goal to encourage employees to participate in physical activities, independent of previous experience in exercising or training. A project group of health and working environment specialists was established with mandate to work out an exercise and follow-up health program for employees experiencing chronic and recurring musculoskeletal disorders, the main goal being to achieve adequate knowledge and confidence regarding personal health management, and improve physical condition and body function ability.
The method is based on three phases, where each participant is followed over one year. The program contains progression from exercising in groups with a qualified instructor during working hours with a build up towards physical activity/ exercise twice to three times a week outside of work. Participation requires motivation for the program and for exercising regularly, superior's approval for work absence through the first and second phase and discipline to individually organize and restructure leisure time. The exercise program is thoroughly established and has shown to be appreciated by the participants as well as by the unions and the company management.
Every year employees apply for participation in the program. The program is used with good results in different business areas as: offshore installations, onshore plants and by personnel in the administrative support functions.
An extensive collection of data shows also a considerable decline in number of days of absence due to illness for the average participant. The program and the focus on exercise and lifestyle are believed to contribute to keep Statoil as a company with considerable lower absence due to illness than in the industry in Norway.
Premature Termination Of International Assignments: The Influence Of Medical And Security Incidents
Authors: de Jongh René 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether experience of emergency medical and/or security evacuations influences expatriates to terminate international assignments.

Design
Quantitative, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive survey, conducted by e-mail questionnaire.

Setting
Indonesia and Russia.

Participants
Expatriate personnel of foreign firms operating in Russia and Indonesia in 1st quarter 2001; 207 individual replies from 296 companies surveyed.

Main outcome measures
Likelihood of premature departure, nationality, and being subject to an emergency evacuation for medical and / or security reasons.

Results
Likelihood of premature departure increases if expatriates have been evacuated for medical and/or security reasons during assignment in Indonesia or Russia. There was no significant difference in premature departure whether the evacuation was for medical or security reasons. There was no significant difference with respect to country of origin or country of expatriation (Indonesia or Russia), nor was there any effect of a combination of history of evacuation and nationality. The combination of employment alternatives, family pressures and better pay being available elsewhere (‘salary effect’) is a significant predictor of the likelihood of premature departure; of these, family pressures have the most impact on the likelihood of premature departure.

Conclusions
Involvement in medical and / or security evacuations does increase expatriates' likelihood of prematurely terminating international assignments.
Committing Teleinformatics into Delivering Preventive Medicare in an African Oil and Gas Company
Authors: Faleyimu B. L. , Ajayi P. A. , Ubuane Nigeria L. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Population growth, environmental pollution and emergence of new diseases in recent times has created global challenges that include high demand for better health care services and expensive sophisticated treatments. The provision of sustained, informative and integrated quality health services that is largely preventive using existing resources and the benefits of modern technology seems to be a cost-effective alternative to these challenges. Telehealth (Telemedicine) which uses technology to deliver health (Medical) services to the point of need have the potential to improve the quality and access to health care, provide more accessible timely information and has proven its feasibility in several challenging environments.
The focus of this paper is to highlight how the Medical Unit of ChevronTexaco; an Oil and Gas Company in a developing African Country prospectively harness her existing networking technology for Telehealth. This Teleinformatics include the use of Facsimile, Telephones, Email, Intranet and Internet to provide health education and healthy living information to about 1500 extremely mobile employees at geographically separated locations including Remote Badges, Tank Farm and Flow Stations. These networks also support distance consultations, booking of appointments, laboratory result's retrieval, Telepharmacy and doctor-to-doctor consultation. This was possible because of employee's high computer literacy, a dedicated Information Technology Unit, a resourceful Drafting Unit and the Medical Unit's drive for Preventative healthcare.
Prevention of Sexually Transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS, Drug/Alcohol abuse, Hypertension, Heart attack, and promotion of Adolescent Reproductive health and Responsible Parenthood were some of the health issues addressed.
This is expected to promote healthy lifestyles, modify health-seeking behavior of Employees and increase the health-informatic capacity of the company.
Telehealth is a promising appropriate technology in medical practice and with proper investment and commitment, the existing networking technology in the Oil and Gas Sector can provide great opportunities for cost-effective innovative uses.
Sustainability and HSE/CSR Performance: The Role of Leadership
Authors: Kingston Peter , Wagner Jay 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have becomesignificant issues for industry, in response to widespread internationalconcerns - NGO&apos;s and the media have ensured that the subjects have maintained avery high profile. A vast industry of lobbyists, consultants, academics andanalysts has been spawned to pressure and advise interested and affectedparties. A corresponding volume of documentation has been generated, presentinga wide array of opinions, claims and views. To companies, Health, Safety andEnvironmental (HSE) performance is an established priority but other CSR issuesare forcing themselves onto the corporate agenda. This paper addresses thecurrent priorities of society that are important to the upstream oil and gasindustry, now and potentially in the future.
Corporate culture and leadership are fundamental to business success. Theyare also crucial in addressing important environmental and social challenges.As investors, regulators and external stakeholders increasingly expect worldclass CSR/HSE performance from industry, it is important to ensure visible andeffective CSR/HSE leadership. This not only supports sustainable growth inshareholder value but also helps to ensure improved stakeholder relations. Yet,while there is growing evidence that successful companies have elevated CSR/HSEinto their mainstream business management processes, there is a lack of clarityregarding the practical aspects of CSR/HSE leadership, about how to promote itand thus effect positive change throughout an organisation.
This paper focuses on the rationale for promoting CSR leadership andprovides a brief overview of practical steps to promote leadership in thisarea. It takes into account many aspects of current practice and identifies keycomponents that could go into a detailed toolbox on CSR leadership. Theobjective should be to first provide a high level framework of guidingprinciples to strengthen leadership (e.g. clear policy statement; key CSRbusiness principles; commercial/CSR balance; simple explanation of the businesscase for good CSR; corporate priority areas with background reasons). These canthen be incorporated into more detailed management systems. Senior managementworkshops, properly planned and facilitated, are a valuable tool in identifyingpriorities and developing leadership programmes.
Social Performance: A Business Imperative for Success
Authors: Jones Murray , Fossgard-Moser Titus , de Wit Monique 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Social Performance originated in Shell as a means of elaborating the social dimension of sustainable development. It is defined as all the different ways - directly or indirectly - that businesses contribute positively to or impact negatively on the people in the communities and societies where Shell operates. Shell has developed a broad model of social performance with the main areas being philanthropy, social investment, strategic social investment and social impact management. While the former two are familiar as techniques the latter two are seen as the real value creators for the business. All can contribute to good social performance if there is a clear grasp of business and stakeholder requirements. This requires great attention to stakeholder dialogue and integration with the business. Managing social performance in its totality is critical to business success. The paper reviews Shell&#39;s move to social performance and the emphasis being placed on addressing the operation / community linkages. The business case along with emerging tools will be provided.
Initiating social performance in Shell has resulted in a surprisingly quick uptake on the concepts and values. While still new to many there is strong resonance with business needs in obtaining the social license to operate as well as delivering on commitments to stakeholder, neighbours and countries.