bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Solvent Shell Drives Electroactuation in Organic Mixed Ionic‐Electronic Conductors
Authors: Bonafè Filippo , Decataldo Francesco , Cramer Tobias , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe conversion of electrochemical processes into mechanical deformation in organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) enables artificial muscle‐like actuators but is also critical for degradation processes affecting OMIEC‐based devices. To provide a microscopic understanding of electroactuation, the modulated electrochemical atomic force microscopy (mEC‐AFM) is introduced here as a novel in‐operando characterization method for electroactive materials. The technique enables multidimensional spectroscopic investigations of local electroactuation and charge uptake giving access to the electroactuation transfer function. For poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based microelectrodes, the spectroscopic measurements are combined with multichannel mEC‐AFM imaging, providing maps of local electroactuation amplitude and phase as well as surface morphology. The results demonstrate that the amplitude and timescales of electroactuation are governed by the drift motion of hydrated ions. Accordingly, slower water diffusion processes are not limiting, and the results illustrate how OMIEC microactuators can operate at sub‐millisecond timescales.
Urolithin A Hijacks ERK1/2‐ULK1 Cascade to Improve CD8+ T Cell Fitness for Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Ma Shuaiya , Wu Qi , Wu Wenxian , Tian Ye , Zhang Jie , Chen Chaojia , Sheng Xue , Zhao Fangcheng , Ding Lu , Wang Taixia , Zhao Laixi , Xie Yuying , Wang Yongxiang , Yue Xuetian , Wu Zhuanchang , Wei Jian , Zhang Kun , Liang Xiaohong , Gao Lifen , Wang Hongyan , Wang Guihua , Li Chunyang , Ma Chunhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccording to the latest evidence, the microbial metabolite Urolithin A (UA), known for its role in promoting cellular health, modulates CD8+ T cell‐mediated antitumor activity. However, the direct target protein of UA and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, this research identifies ERK1/2 as the specific target crucial for UA‐mediated CD8+ T cell activation. Even at low doses, UA markedly enhances the persistence and effector functions of primary CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, UA interacts directly with ERK1/2 kinases, enhancing their activation and subsequently facilitating T cell activation by engaging ULK1. The UA‐ERK1/2‐ULK1 axis promotes autophagic flux in CD8+ CTLs, enhancing cellular metabolism and maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, as evidenced by increased oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates. UA‐treated CD8+ CTLs also display elevated ATP levels and enhanced spare respiratory capacity. Overall, UA activates ERK1/2, inducing autophagy and metabolic adaptation, showcasing its potential in tumor immunotherapy and interventions for diseases involving ERKs.
Multiscale Porosity Microfluidics to Study Bacterial Transport in Heterogeneous Chemical Landscapes
Authors: Salek M. Mehdi , Carrara Francesco , Zhou Jiande , Stocker Roman , Jimenez‐Martinez Joaquin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrofluidic models are proving to be powerful systems to study fundamental processes in porous media, due to their ability to replicate topologically complex environments while allowing detailed, quantitative observations at the pore scale. Yet, while porous media such as living tissues, geological substrates, or industrial systems typically display a porosity that spans multiple scales, most microfluidic models to date are limited to a single porosity or a small range of pore sizes. Here, a novel microfluidic system with multiscale porosity is presented. By embedding polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel structures through in‐situ photopolymerization in a landscape of microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pillars with varying spacing, micromodels with porosity spanning several orders of magnitude, from nanometers to millimeters are created. Experiments conducted at different porosity patterns demonstrate the potential of this approach to characterize fundamental and ubiquitous biological and geochemical transport processes in porous media. Accounting for multiscale porosity allows studies of the resulting heterogeneous fluid flow and concentration fields of transported chemicals, as well as the biological behaviors associated with this heterogeneity, such as bacterial chemotaxis. This approach brings laboratory studies of transport in porous media a step closer to their natural counterparts in the environment, industry, and medicine.
Real‐world evidence: Long‐term safety of deferiprone in a large cohort of patients with sickle cell disease enrolled in a registry for up to 10 years
Authors: Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Thompson Alexis A. , Tricta Fernando , Temin Noemi Toiber , Rozova Anna , Fradette Caroline , Badawy Sherif M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and other anemias who receive blood transfusions are at risk of organ damage due to transfusional iron overload. Deferiprone is an iron chelator with a well‐established safety and efficacy profile that is indicated for the treatment of transfusional iron overload. Here, we report safety data from the large‐scale, retrospective Ferriprox® Total Care Registry, which involved all patients with SCD taking deferiprone following the 2011 approval of deferiprone in the United States through August 2020. A total of 634 patients who had initiated deferiprone treatment were included. The mean (SD) duration of deferiprone exposure in the registry was 1.6 (1.6) years (range 0 to 9.7 years). In the overall patient population (N = 634), 64.7% (n = 410) of patients reported a total of 1885 adverse events (AEs). In subgroup analyses, 54.6% (n = 71) of pediatric patients and 67.3% (n = 339) of adult patients reported AEs. The most common AEs reported in patients receiving deferiprone were sickle cell crisis (22.7%), nausea (12.1%), vomiting (8.7%), abdominal discomfort (5.4%), and fatigue (5.4%). Neutropenia was reported in four (0.6%) patients and severe neutropenia/agranulocytosis (defined as absolute neutrophil count <0.5 × 109/L) was reported in two (0.3%) patients. Of patients with evaluable data, all cases of neutropenia and severe neutropenia/agranulocytosis resolved with deferiprone discontinuation. Results from the nearly 10 years of real‐world data collected in the Ferriprox® Total Care Registry demonstrate that deferiprone is safe and well tolerated in patients with SCD or other anemias who have transfusional iron overload.
Quantifying hominin morphological diversity at the end of the middle Pleistocene: Implications for the origin of Homo sapiens
Authors: Hautavoine Hugo , Arnaud Julie , Balzeau Antoine , Mounier Aurélien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Middle Pleistocene (MP) saw the emergence of new species of hominins: Homo sapiens in Africa, H. neanderthalensis, and possibly Denisovans in Eurasia, whose most recent common ancestor is thought to have lived in Africa around 600 ka ago. However, hominin remains from this period present a wide range of morphological variation making it difficult to securely determine their taxonomic attribution and their phylogenetic position within the Homo genus. This study proposes to reconsider the phenetic relationships between MP hominin fossils in order to clarify evolutionary trends and contacts between the populations they represent.Materials and MethodsWe used a Geometric Morphometrics approach to quantify the morphological variation of the calvarium of controversial MP specimens from Africa and Eurasia by using a comparative sample that can be divided into 5 groups: H. ergaster, H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis, and H. sapiens, as well as individuals from current modern human populations. We performed a Generalized Procrustes Analysis, a Principal Component Analysis, and Multinomial Principal Component Logistic Regressions to determine the phenetic affinities of the controversial Middle Pleistocene specimens with the other groups.ResultsMP African and Eurasian specimens represent several populations, some of which show strong affinities with H. neanderthalensis in Europe or H. sapiens in Africa, others presenting multiple affinities.DiscussionThese MP populations might have contributed to the emergence of these two species in different proportions. This study proposes a new framework for the human evolutionary history during the MP.
Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Organogold(III) Complexes Enable High‐Performance X‐ray Scintillation and Imaging
Authors: Chen Tianhao , Xu Yalun , Ying Ao , Yang Chuluo , Lin Qianqian , Gong Shaolong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic scintillators have recently attracted growing attention for X‐ray detection in industrial and medical applications. However, these materials still face critical obstacles of low attenuation efficiency and/or inefficient triplet exciton utilization. Here we developed a new category of organogold(III) complexes, Tp‐Au‐1 and Tp‐Au‐2, through adopting a through‐space interaction motif to realize high X‐ray attenuation efficiency and efficient harvesting of triplet excitons for emission. Thanks to the efficient through‐space charge transfer process, this panel of complexes achieved higher photoluminescence quantum yield and shorter radiative lifetimes compared with the through‐bond reference complexes. Inspiringly, these organogold(III) complexes exhibited polarity‐dependent emission origins: thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or phosphorescence. Under X‐ray irradiation, Tp‐Au‐2 manifested intense radioluminescence together with a record‐high scintillation light yield of 77,600 photons MeV−1 for organic scintillators. The resulting scintillator screens demonstrated high‐quality X‐ray imaging with >16.0 line pairs mm−1 spatial resolution, outstripping most organic and inorganic scintillators. This finding provides a feasible strategy for the design of superior organic X‐ray scintillators.
Investigating the effect of simultaneous incorporation of Al2O3 and B4C nanofillers in enhancing the wear performance of UHMWPE
Authors: Soares Igor Tenório , Maru Marcia Marie , Almeida Clara Muniz , Marques Fernanda Davi , Vieira Marques Maria de Fátima 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the past years, great effort has been made to improve the tribological performance of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), considered a key polymeric material in applications requiring elevated mechanical and corrosion resistance and bioinertness. This work aimed to investigate the role of adding ceramic nanofillers of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and boron carbide (B4C) in the UHMWPE matrix in order to modify the triboperformance of the polymer. The results obtained through dry reciprocating sliding tests up to 6 h (21,600 cycles) revealed that the presence of nanoparticles has led to a 33% higher coefficient of friction on average when compared with the matrix polymer without nanofillers. This behavior results from the increased resistance to plowing caused by the nanofillers, which contributes to the frictional force. Conversely, the simultaneous utilization of both nanofillers, each one at a concentration of 1.5% by mass, significantly enhances the wear resistance of UHMWPE, achieving a reduction in wear of over 35%.
Experimental investigation of regenerated cellulose microdialysis probe sterilization
Authors: Bhaduri Swayamdipta , Lee Tse‐Ang , Peng Jessie , Qureshi Maarig , Gonzales Rueben A. , Hutter Tanya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSterilization of devices is important in hospitals, operating theaters, and emergency rooms. Microdialysis allows in vivo sampling of small molecules and is used for clinical studies. Microdialysis probes are made of soft, flexible, and porous polymeric membranes. They have been traditionally disinfected using either ethanol (which fails to eliminate all microbes and does not satisfy regulatory requirements) or ethylene oxide gas and gamma irradiation (that are expensive and resource‐intensive). In this work, three methods for microdialysis probe‐sterilization were studied—autoclave and two chemicals (commercially available sterilization solutions): Sporox II and MetriCide. Following sterilization, the regenerated cellulose membranes were characterized under scanning electron microscopy and by measuring the changes in pore characteristics using nitrogen sorption. To determine the effect of sterilization on analyte diffusion through the membrane, microdialysis probes were fabricated, sterilized, and tested with two analytes; ethanol and dopamine. The autoclaved membranes suffered thermomechanical damage and were deemed unfit for further testing. Probes sterilized with the chemical solutions were subsequently characterized by in vitro microdialysis experiments performed under regulated mass flux conditions. It is concluded that autoclaving is not a suitable sterilization technique for the cellulose membranes, while both of the chemical sterilizers were found to be good candidates for sterilization.
Cranial and postcranial anatomy of a juvenile baurusuchid (Notosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) and the taxonomical implications of ontogeny
Authors: dos Santos Daniel Martins , de Carvalho Joyce Celerino , de Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Maia , de Andrade Marco Brandalise , Santucci Rodrigo Miloni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBaurusuchidae comprises a clade of top‐tier terrestrial predators and are among the most abundant crocodyliforms found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin, Brazil (Campanian‐Maastrichtian). Here, we provide a detailed description of the cranial and postcranial osteology and myology of the most complete juvenile baurusuchid found to date. Although the preservation of juvenile individuals is somewhat rare, previously reported occurrences of baurusuchid egg clutches, a yearling individual, and larger, but skeletally immature specimens, comprise a unique opportunity to track anatomical changes throughout their ontogenetic series. Its cranial anatomy was resolved with the aid of a three‐dimensional model generated by the acquisition of computed tomography data, and its inferred adductor mandibular musculature was compared to that of mature specimens in order to assess possible ontogenetic shifts. A subsequent phylogenetic analysis included the scoring of Gondwanasuchus scabrosus, the smallest baurusuchid species known to date, to evaluate its phylogenetic relations relative to a known juvenile. We find considerable differences between juveniles and adults concerning skull ornamentation and muscle development, which might indicate ontogenetic niche partitioning, and also anatomical and phylogenetic evidence that G. scabrosus corresponds to a young semaphoront lacking mature cranial features.
Hollow Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Spheres as Zincophilic Sites for Zn Flow Battery
Authors: Shi Han , Pan Hui , Kang Peng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSevere dendrite growth on Zn anodes poses a significant challenge to the development of Zn‐based batteries. An effective strategy for inhibiting the formation of Zn dendrites involves electrode modification. In this study, hollow nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres (HNCS) are synthesized and used as electrodes to regulate Zn deposition in Zn‐based flow batteries. The electrochemical performance of HNCS reveals that the pyrrole nitrogen of HNCS changes the electrode surface state. Therefore, HNCS can inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction and achieve uniform Zn deposition. HNCS can effectively inhibit dendrite growth and improve the reversibility of the Zn plating/stripping process to regulate the reversibility of Zn‐based batteries. The zinc‐bromine redox flow battery assembled with HNCS significantly reduces the hydrogen evolution reaction and exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 90 % and energy efficiency of 73 % at a current density of 60 mA cm−2. Similarly, an alkaline zinc‐iron flow battery can maintain high Coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency of 83 %.
Practical finite‐time and fixed‐time multigroup consensus for second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems with Markov switching topology
Authors: Lu Rongxiang , Wu Jie , Zhan Xisheng , Yan Huaicheng , Cai Xiushan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPractical finite‐time and fixed‐time multigroup consensus questions for second‐order nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with Markov switching topologies are investigated in this article. Based on the topology of switching, each agent will appear to switch between different groups, and by setting up group switching signal variables embedded in error variables for each agent, finite‐time and fixed‐time control protocols are proposed, respectively, such that the conditions that must be satisfied for all agents to achieve practical finite‐time multigroup consensus and practical fixed‐time multigroup consensus can be obtained, respectively. For unknown nonlinear functions in the dynamical system, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) fit is used for approximation. Correspondingly, two examples are provided to verify the control effects of the control protocols.
The clinical relevance of subgroups of autistic adults: Stability and predictive value
Authors: Radhoe Tulsi A. , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth P. , van der Putten Wikke J. , Geurts Hilde M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutism in adulthood is characterized by heterogeneity, complicating the provision of tailored support. In previous work, we aimed to capture this heterogeneity by determining subgroups of autistic adults that differed in clinical outcomes: cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and quality of life (QoL). Two subgroups were identified: a “Feelings of Low Grip” subgroup characterized by experiencing a lower sense of mastery and a higher susceptibility to difficulties in daily life, and a “Feelings of High Grip” subgroup characterized by a higher sense of mastery and lower susceptibility to difficulties in daily life. The current pre‐registered study involves a longitudinal extension to determine (a) stability and (b) predictive value of the previously identified two subgroups. Subgroups were identified using community detection based on 14 self‐report measures related to demographic, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics in two samples (aged 31–86 years) that were analyzed separately: Sample 1 (NAutism = 80) measured 5 years after baseline and Sample 2 (NAutism = 241, NComparison = 211) measured 2 years after baseline. The stability over time was assessed based on (a) the number of subgroups, (b) subgroup profiles, and (c) subgroup membership. Predictive validity was assessed for cognitive failures, psychological difficulties, and QoL. Results indicated that autistic and non‐autistic adults formed distinct subgroups. Within both autism samples, the two previously identified autism subgroups were replicated at follow‐up. Subgroup profiles were similar for >50% of the variables at two‐year follow‐up, and 21% at five‐year follow‐up. Moreover, ≥76% remained in the same subgroup at two‐year follow‐up, and ≥ 57% after 5 years. Subgroup membership was predictive of external clinical outcomes up to 5 years. Thus, this study demonstrated the stability and predictive value of the autism subgroups, especially for the two‐year follow‐up. A further focus on their clinical utility might increase the aptness of support, and may provide more insight into the aging process when being autistic.
Topical Antiedematogenic Activity of the Essential Oil of Psidium brownianum Mart. (OEPB) in Murine Ear Edema Models
Authors: de Souza Sampaio Renata , Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins Anita Oliveira , Santos da Silva Lucas Yure , Torres Pessoa Dra.Renata , Ribeiro‐Filho Jaime , de Araújo Delmondes Gyllyandeson , Bezerra Felipe Cícero Francisco , Alencar de Menezes Irwin Rose , Kerntopf Marta Regina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPsidium brownianum Mart is reported in the literature by antinociceptive and antioxidant activities, indicating that this species′ secondary metabolites might be used to control inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to characterize the topical antiedematogenic activity of the essential oil of Psidium brownianum Mart. (OEPB) in ear edema models by different inflammatory agents. Female Swiss mice (25–35 g) and Wistar albino rats (200–300 g) were used throughout tests (n=6/group) on acute or chronic edema models induced by single and multiple topical applications. The OEPB is administered topically pure or at a concentration of 100 or 200 mg/mL. The antiedematogenic mechanism of OEPB was analyzed by administering capsaicin, arachidonic acid, histamine, and phenol at the best effective dose (200 mg/mL). The results showed a significant reduction of edema‐induced single (28.87 %) and multiple (50.13 %) applications of croton oil compared to the negative control group. Regarding potential mechanisms of action, OEPB (200 mg/mL) inhibited the development of edema triggered by capsaicin (29.95 %), arachidonic acid (22.66 %), phenol (23.35 %), and histamine (75.46 %), suggesting an interference with the histaminergic pathway. These results indicate that OEPB presents a topical antiedematogenic effect in acute and chronic murine models, possibly interfering with inflammatory pathways triggered by mediators such as histamine.
Relapsed isolated CNS lymphoma treated with radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate followed by high‐dose intravenous methotrexate, rituximab, and temozolomide: A case report
Authors: Rinaldi Ikhwan , Muthalib Abdul , Gondhowiardjo Soehartati , Setiawan Tjondro , Gunawan Andhika , Susanto Nelly , Magdalena Lingga , Winston Kevin , Disamantiji Ashila , Wirawan Bintang 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageOptimized treatments for relapsed isolated CNS lymphoma (RI‐SCNSL) remains under investigation. Temozolomide combination‐based therapy, which is often used in glioblastoma may be used as potential treatment in RI‐SCNSL.AbstractOne of the most common types of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Despite advances in treatment, relapsed isolated CNS lymphoma (RI‐SCNSL) from DLBCL remains an issue. The optimal approach in RI‐SCNSL remains an area of active investigation as currently there is no high level of evidence for the treatments due to lack of randomized studies. In this case report, we present a DLBCL patient with CNS recurrence treated radiotherapy and intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) followed by intravenous high‐dose MTX, rituximab, and temozolomide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing RI‐SCNSL treated with the regiments above which also include temozolomide which is used for glioblastoma.