bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the social costs of capture fisheries: an exploratory study
Authors: Bavinck Maarten , Monnereau Iris 
Published: February 2007

English Theorists and modellers have made significant progress in defining ecological and economic parameters for measuring the “costs” of fisheries. Social dimensions have not, however, received equal attention. This article enquires into the nature of social costs and how they might be assessed in a cross-cultural perspective. The proposed approach has three underpinnings: (1) social concerns, as manifested in international declarations; (2) human interests as defined by ethics; and (3) the hierarchy of needs, as distinguished by the social psychologist Maslow. Together, these sources suggest three dimensions for the measurement of social costs and benefits, relating to basic needs or wellbeing, social justice and self-realization. One current method for investigating social costs along these lines is the job satisfaction survey. The article concludes with an assessment of the job satisfaction studies that have been done in fisheries. French Théoriciens et modélisateurs ont fait des progrès signifiants en définissant les paramètres écologiques et économiques afin de mesurer les "coûts" des pêcheries. Il reste qu'en tout état de cause la dimension sociale n'a pas reçu la même attention. Cette contribution pose la question de la nature des coûts sociaux et celle de la manière dont ils peuvent être établis dans le cadre d'une perspective transculturelle. L'approche proposée repose sur trois piliers: (1) les préoccupations sociales telles qu'elles s'expriment dans les déclarations internationales; (2) les intérêts humains tels que les définit l'éthique; et (3) la hiérarchie des besoins tels qu'ils sont distingués par le psychologue social Maslow. Ensemble, ces sources d'information suggèrent trois dimensions pour la mesure des coûts sociaux et bénéfices rapportés aux besoins fondamentaux que sont le bien-être, la justice sociale et la réalisation de soi. La méthode actuelle pour rendre compte des coûts sociaux dans ce cadre de travail est l'enquête sur la satisfaction au travail. Cette contribution se conclut avec un inventaire des études de satisfaction au travail telles qu'elles ont été conduites dans les pêches.
Loss of bio-diversity: representation and valuation processes of fishing communities
Authors: Sall Aliou 
Published: February 2007

English Based mainly on Serge Collet's work — in particular for the theoretical approach — and on his own field research, the author tries to contribute to a better understanding of the human–sea nexus within small-scale fishing communities still characterized by a specific social halieutical morphology. This article, produced in the framework of ECOST, challenges scientists — in particular those biologists and economists for whom the linkage between fishing communities and the sea is narrowly reduced to market relations. This error is maintained by the huge capacity of small-scale fishermen to profit from international markets in a context of globalization. The author tries to highlight the deep cultural endowment of a “marine culture” in the context of globalization, on the one hand, and the fact that marine resources are part of a broader marine entity whose wealth depends on the will of subnatural powers, on the other. Finally, the author explains how the combination of “cultural beliefs” with the lack of trust in scientific research has led to eco-fatalism, questioning at the same time the validity of certain marine resources conservation tools such as Marine Protected Areas. French S'appuyant sur les travaux de Serge Collet — plus particulièrement pour l'approche théorique — et ses propres travaux de terrain, l'auteur essaie de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de la connexion entre l'humain et la mer au sein de certaines communautés de pêcheurs traditionnels, encore partie intégrante d'une morphologie halieutique sociale spécifique. Cet article, produit dans le cadre du projet ECOST, lance un défi aux scientifiques — en particulier aux biologistes et économistes qui réduisent cette connexion à des rapports marchands. Cette vision, qui ne résiste pas à l'analyse des faits, est entretenue par la grande capacité des pêcheurs artisanaux à intégrer les marchés internationaux dans un contexte de globalisation. Après avoir mis en relief la profondeur de l'enracinement d'une culture spécifique qu'on peut qualifier de "culture marine", en dépit de cette ouverture au marché international, l'auteur remet en cause l'attitude consistant à isoler les ressources marines d'une "entité marine" plus globale. Pour ces dernières, l'état de santé de cet environnement spécifique et celui des ressources qu'il recèle, dépendent du "bon vouloir" de forces sous-naturelles. Cette représentation propre de l'entité marine, associée au manque de confiance à l'égard de la recherche scientifique, mène au "fatalisme écologique", remettant en même temps en cause le bien-fondé de certaines mesures et outils de conservation tels que les Aires marines protégées.
Development of a murine model for blastoid variant mantle-cell lymphoma
Authors: Ford Richard J. , Shen Long , Lin-Lee Yen Chiu , Pham Lan V. , Multani Asha , Zhou Hai-Jun , Tamayo Archito T. , Zhang ChongJie , Hawthorn Lesleyann , Cowell John K. , Ambrus Julian L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlastoid-variant mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL-BV), unlike most B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL-Bs), is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and associated with a very poor prognosis. Development of new therapies has been hampered by the lack of valid animal models. We have developed a novel murine model of MCL-BV by crossing interleukin 14α (IL-14α) transgenic mice with c-Myc transgenic mice (double transgenic [DTG]). IL-14α is a B-cell growth factor that is expressed in a number of high-grade lymphomas, including MCL-BV. Ninety-five percent of IL-14α transgenic mice develop CD5+ large B-cell lymphomas by 18 months of age. Sixty percent of c-Myc transgenic mice develop pre-B-cell lymphomas by 12 months of age. Close to 100% of DTG mice develop an aggressive, rapidly fatal lymphoma at 3 to 4 months of age that is CD5+, CD19+, CD21−, CD23−, sIgM+. The tumor is found in the blood, bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs and rarely in the brain, similar to the involvement seen in human MCL-BV. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements document the monoclonality of the tumor. Cyclin D1 is highly expressed in these tumors, as it is in MCL-BV. DTG represents a novel model for MCL-BV that should reveal important insights into the pathogenesis of the lymphoma and contribute to the development of new forms of therapy.
Strong iron demand during hypoxia-induced erythropoiesis is associated with down-regulation of iron-related proteins and myoglobin in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Robach Paul , Cairo Gaetano , Gelfi Cecilia , Bernuzzi Francesca , Pilegaard Henriette , Viganò Agnese , Santambrogio Paolo , Cerretelli Paolo , Calbet José A. L. , Moutereau Stéphane , Lundby Carsten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIron is essential for oxygen transport because it is incorporated in the heme of the oxygen-binding proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin. An interaction between iron homeostasis and oxygen regulation is further suggested during hypoxia, in which hemoglobin and myoglobin syntheses have been reported to increase. This study gives new insights into the changes in iron content and iron-oxygen interactions during enhanced erythropoiesis by simultaneously analyzing blood and muscle samples in humans exposed to 7 to 9 days of high altitude hypoxia (HA). HA up-regulates iron acquisition by erythroid cells, mobilizes body iron, and increases hemoglobin concentration. However, contrary to our hypothesis that muscle iron proteins and myoglobin would also be up-regulated during HA, this study shows that HA lowers myoglobin expression by 35% and down-regulates iron-related proteins in skeletal muscle, as evidenced by decreases in L-ferritin (43%), transferrin receptor (TfR; 50%), and total iron content (37%). This parallel decrease in L-ferritin and TfR in HA occurs independently of increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) mRNA levels and unchanged binding activity of iron regulatory proteins, but concurrently with increased ferroportin mRNA levels, suggesting enhanced iron export. Thus, in HA, the elevated iron requirement associated with enhanced erythropoiesis presumably elicits iron mobilization and myoglobin down-modulation, suggesting an altered muscle oxygen homeostasis.
How I treat indolent lymphoma
Authors: Gribben John G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDespite advances in treatment, there was little evidence until recently that this led to improvement in the survival of patients with indolent lymphoma, with patients continuing to have an unremitting course of relapse of disease. There appears to have been a change in the natural history of these diseases with the introduction of chemoimmunotherapy that may finally result in improvements in survival. With so many agents available for the treatment of indolent lymphomas, questions that have to be addressed include the following: is there still a role for a “watch-and-wait” approach in asymptomatic patients or should they be treated at diagnosis, what are the optimal first-line and salvage treatments, what is the role of maintenance therapy, and is there any role for stem cell transplantation in these diseases? No established treatment of choice has yet emerged, and many of these questions remain unresolved. It is highly likely that our treatment approaches will continue to evolve as the results of ongoing clinical trials are released and that improvement in outcome will result from identification of therapies that target the underlying pathophysiology of the diseases.
Eradication of lymphoma by CD8 T cells following anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody therapy is critically dependent on CD27 costimulation
Authors: French Ruth R. , Taraban Vadim Y. , Crowther Graham R. , Rowley Tania F. , Gray Juliet C. , Johnson Peter W. , Tutt Alison L. , Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Glennie Martin J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowing evidence points to the potential of agonistic anti-CD40 mAbs as adjuvants for vaccination against cancer. These appear to act by maturing dendritic cells (DCs) and allowing them to prime CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Although it is well established that optimal T-cell priming requires costimulation via B7:CD28, recent studies emphasize the contribution of TNF receptors to this process. To understand how anti-CD40 mAbs trigger effective antitumor immunity, we investigated the role of TNFR superfamily members CD27 and 4-1BB in the generation of this immunity and showed that, although partially dependent on 4-1BB:4-1BBL engagement, it is completely reliant on CD27:CD70 interactions. Importantly, blocking CD70, and to some extent 4-1BBL, during anti-CD40 treatment prevented accumulation of tumor-reactive T cells and subsequent tumor protection. However, it did not influence changes in DC number, phenotype, nor the activity of CTLs once immunity was established. We conclude that CD27:CD70 and 4-1BB:4-1BBL interactions are needed for DC-driven accumulation of antitumor CTLs following anti-CD40 mAb treatment. Finally, in support of the critical role for CD70:CD27, we show for the first time that agonistic anti-CD27 mAbs given without a DC maturation signal completely protect tumor-bearing mice and provide a highly potent reagent for boosting antitumor T-cell immunity.
The growing complexity of platelet aggregation
Authors: Jackson Shaun P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlatelet aggregation, the process by which platelets adhere to each other at sites of vascular injury, has long been recognized as critical for hemostatic plug formation and thrombosis. Until relatively recently, platelet aggregation was considered a straightforward process involving the noncovalent bridging of integrin αIIbβ3 receptors on the platelet surface by the dimeric adhesive protein fibrinogen. However, with recent technical advances enabling real-time analysis of platelet aggregation in vivo, it has become apparent that this process is much more complex and dynamic than previously anticipated. Over the last decade, it has become clear that platelet aggregation represents a multistep adhesion process involving distinct receptors and adhesive ligands, with the contribution of individual receptor-ligand interactions to the aggregation process dependent on the prevailing blood flow conditions. It now appears that at least 3 distinct mechanisms can initiate platelet aggregation, with each of these mechanisms operating over a specific shear range in vivo. The identification of shear-dependent mechanisms of platelet aggregation has raised the possibility that vascular-bed–specific inhibitors of platelet aggregation may be developed in the future that are safer and more effective than existing antiplatelet agents.
Clinical efficacy of zanolimumab (HuMax-CD4): two phase 2 studies in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kim Youn H. , Duvic Madeleine , Obitz Erik , Gniadecki Robert , Iversen Lars , Österborg Anders , Whittaker Sean , Illidge Timothy M. , Schwarz Thomas , Kaufmann Roland , Cooper Kevin , Knudsen Kim M. , Lisby Steen , Baadsgaard Ole , Knox Susan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of zanolimumab in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) have been assessed in two phase 2, multicenter, prospective, open-label, uncontrolled clinical studies. Patients with treatment refractory CD4+ CTCL (mycosis fungoides [MF], n = 38; Sézary syndrome [SS], n = 9) received 17 weekly infusions of zanolimumab (early-stage patients, 280 and 560 mg; advanced-stage patients, 280 and 980 mg). The primary end point was objective response (OR) as assessed by composite assessment of index lesion disease activity score. Secondary end points included physician's global assessment (PGA), time to response, response duration, and time to progression. ORs were recorded for patients in both CTCL types (MF, 13 ORs; SS, 2 ORs). In the high-dose groups (560 and 980 mg dose groups), a response rate of 56% was obtained with a median response of 81 weeks. Adverse events reported most frequently included low-grade infections and eczematous dermatitis. Zanolimumab showed marked clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with refractory MF, with early onset of response, high response rate, and durable responses. The treatment was well tolerated with no dose-related toxicity other than the targeted depletion of peripheral T cells. A pivotal study has been initiated based on these findings.
Term amniotic membrane is a high throughput source for multipotent mesenchymal stem cells with the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: Alviano Francesco , Fossati Valentina , Marchionni Cosetta , Arpinati Mario , Bonsi Laura , Franchina Michele , Lanzoni Giacomo , Cantoni Silvia , Cavallini Claudia , Bianchi Francesca , Tazzari Pier Luigi , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Foroni Laura , Ventura Carlo , Grossi Alberto , Bagnara Gian Paolo 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
Term Amniotic membrane (AM) is a very attractive source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) due to the fact that this fetal tissue is usually discarded without ethical conflicts, leading to high efficiency in MSC recovery with no intrusive procedures. Here we confirmed that term AM, as previously reported in the literature, is an abundant source of hMSCs; in particular we further investigated the AM differentiation potential by assessing whether these cells may also be committed to the angiogenic fate. In agreement with the recommendation of the International Society for Cellular Therapy, the mesenchymal cells herein investigated were named Amniotic Membrane-human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (AM-hMSC).

Results
The recovery of hMSCs and their in vitro expansion potential were greater in amniotic membrane than in bone marrow stroma. At flow cytometry analysis AM-hMSCs showed an immunophenotypical profile, i.e., positive for CD105, CD73, CD29, CD44, CD166 and negative for CD14, CD34, CD45, consistent with that reported for bone marrow-derived MSCs. In addition, amniotic membrane-isolated cells underwent in vitro osteogenic (von Kossa stain), adipogenic (Oil Red-O stain), chondrogenic (collagen type II immunohistochemichal detection) and myogenic (RT-PCR MyoD and Myogenin expression as well as desmin immunohistochemical detection) differentiation. In angiogenic experiments, a spontaneous differentiation into endothelial cells was detected by in vitro matrigel assay and this behaviour has been enhanced through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) induction. According to these findings, VEGF receptor 1 and 2 (FLT-1 and KDR) were basally expressed in AM-hMSCs and the expression of endothelial-specific markers like FLT-1 KDR, ICAM-1 increased after exposure to VEGF together with the occurrence of CD34 and von Willebrand Factor positive cells.

Conclusion
The current study suggests that AM-hMSCs may emerge as a remarkable tool for the cell therapy of multiple diseased tissues. AM-hMSCs may potentially assist both bone and cartilage repair, nevertheless, due to their angiogenic potential, they may also pave the way for novel approaches in the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts which are useful when vascularization of ischemic tissues is required.
The small FNR regulon of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: comparison with the larger Escherichia coli FNR regulon and interaction with the NarQ-NarP regulon
Authors: Whitehead Rebekah N , Overton Tim W , Snyder Lori AS , McGowan Simon J , Smith Harry , Cole Jeff A , Saunders Nigel J 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae can survive during oxygen starvation by reducing nitrite to nitrous oxide catalysed by the nitrite and nitric oxide reductases, AniA and NorB. The oxygen-sensing transcription factor, FNR, is essential for transcription activation at the aniA promoter, and full activation also requires the two-component regulatory system, NarQ-NarP, and the presence of nitrite. The only other gene known to be activated by the gonococcal FNR is ccp encoding a cytochrome c peroxidase, and no FNR-repressed genes have been reported in the gonococcus. In contrast, FNR acts as both an activator and repressor involved in the control of more than 100 operons in E. coli regulating major changes in the adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic conditions. In this study we have performed a microarray-led investigation of the FNR-mediated responses in N. gonorrhoeae to determine the physiological similarities and differences in the role of FNR in cellular regulation in this species.

Results
Microarray experiments show that N. gonorrhoeae FNR controls a much smaller regulon than its E. coli counterpart; it activates transcription of aniA and thirteen other genes, and represses transcription of six genes that include dnrN and norB. Having previously shown that a single amino acid substitution is sufficient to enable the gonococcal FNR to complement an E. coli fnr mutation, we investigated whether the gonococcal NarQ-NarP can substitute for E. coli NarX-NarL or NarQ-NarP. A plasmid expressing gonococcal narQ-narP was unable to complement E. coli narQP or narXL mutants, and was insensitive to nitrate or nitrite. Mutations that progressively changed the periplasmic nitrate sensing region, the P box, of E. coli NarQ to the sequence of the corresponding region of gonococcal NarQ resulted in loss of transcription activation in response to the availability of either nitrate or nitrite. However, the previously reported ligand-insensitive ability of gonococcal NarQ, the "locked on" phenotype, to activate either E. coli NarL or NarP was confirmed.

Conclusion
Despite the sequence similarities between transcription activators of E. coli and N. gonorrhoeae, these results emphasise the fundamental differences in transcription regulation between these two types of pathogenic bacteria.
Microarray-based analysis of fish egg quality after natural or controlled ovulation
Authors: Bonnet Emilie , Fostier Alexis , Bobe Julien 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
The preservation of fish egg quality after ovulation-control protocols is a major issue for the development of specific biotechnological processes (e.g. nuclear transfer). Depending on the species, it is often necessary to control the timing of ovulation or induce the ovulatory process. The hormonal or photoperiodic control of ovulation can induce specific egg quality defects that have been thoroughly studied. In contrast, the impact on the egg transcriptome as a result of these manipulations has received far less attention. Furthermore, the relationship between the mRNA abundance of maternally-inherited mRNAs and the developmental potential of the egg has never benefited from genome-wide studies. Thus, the present study aimed at studying the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) egg transcriptome after natural or controlled ovulation using 9152-cDNA microarrays.

Results
The analysis of egg transcriptome after natural or controlled ovulation led to the identification of 26 genes. The expression patterns of 17 of those genes were monitored by real-time PCR. We observed that the control of ovulation by both hormonal induction and photoperiod manipulation induced significant changes in the egg mRNA abundance of specific genes. A dramatic increase of Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and tyrosine protein kinase HCK was observed in the eggs when a hormonal induction of ovulation was performed. In addition, both microarray and real-time PCR analyses showed that prohibitin 2 (PHB2) egg mRNA abundance was negatively correlated with developmental success.

Conclusion
First, we showed, for the first time in fish, that the control of ovulation using either a hormonal induction or a manipulated photoperiod can induce differences in the egg mRNA abundance of specific genes. While the impact of these modifications on subsequent embryonic development is unknown, our observations clearly show that the egg transcriptome is affected by an artificial induction of ovulation.
Second, we showed that the egg mRNA abundance of prohibitin 2 was reflective of the developmental potential of the egg.
Finally, the identity and ontology of identified genes provided significant hints that could result in a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with each type of ovulation control (i.e. hormonal, photoperiodic), and in the identification of conserved mechanisms triggering the loss of egg developmental potential.