bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SGLT2i reduce arrhythmic events in heart failure patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Mariani Marco Valerio , Lavalle Carlo , Palombi Marta , Pierucci Nicola , Trivigno Sara , D'Amato Andrea , Filomena Domenico , Cipollone Pietro , Laviola Domenico , Piro Agostino , Prosperi Silvia , Magliolo Josefina , Myftari Vincenzo , La Fazia Vincenzo Mirco , Severino Paolo , Chimenti Cristina , Badagliacca Roberto , Vizza Carmine Dario 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundSodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent one of the four pillars of heart failure (HF) pharmacological therapy.ObjectiveThe study aims to clarify SGLT2i antiarrhythmic effect on patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in terms of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (AAs and VAs) reduction.MethodsHFrEF carriers of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D) followed by remote monitoring of Policlinico Umberto I of Rome for 1 year before and after SGLT2i therapy initiation were enrolled in the study. We compared the incidence of AAs and VAs as recorded at remote monitoring during 1 year preceding SGLT2i therapy initiation and after 1 year of SGLT2i therapy.ResultsAmong 198 enrolled patients, 135 patients had arrhythmic events before SGLT2i therapy prescription. There were 1353 arrhythmic events recorded in the year before SGLT2i therapy prescription, and 354 events were detected in the year after SGLT2i initiation, with a 73.8% reduction in events number after therapy initiation. After SGLT2i therapy initiation, the median number of total arrhythmic episodes significantly decreased from a median of 7 [3;12] to 1 [0;4] (P value < 0.001), AAs significantly decreased from a median of 4 [3;7] to 1 [0;3] episodes (P value < 0.001) and VAs were reduced from a median of 5.5 [3;10] to 0 [0;2] (P value < 0.001). When considering arrhythmia subtypes, larger reductions were recorded for atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes, reduced from 4 [3;8] to 0 [0;3], non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) that decreased from 4 [2;8.75] to 0 [0;2] (P value < 0.001) and for sustained ventricular tachycardia (SVT) that were reduced from 3 [2;4] to 0 [0;1] (P value < 0.001).ConclusionsIn HFrEF carriers of ICD/CRT‐D, the use of SGLT2i resulted in significant reduction of AA and VA events.
Prevalence and prognostic value of different iron deficiency definitions in light chain cardiac amyloidosis patients
Authors: Li Xinqing , Xin Anran , Huang Yan , Zhou Qiong , Wang Jinxi , Zhou Ping , Anker Stefan D. , Zhang Yuhui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsResearch on iron deficiency (ID) in patients with light chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL‐CM) has been limited in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and its association with prognosis of ID based on different definitions in patients with AL‐CM.Methods and resultsThree different ID definitions were applied: (1) serum ferritin concentration of <100 ng/mL, or 100–299 ng/mL with transferrin saturation (TSAT) < 20% (according to guidelines on heart failure), (2) TSAT < 20% and (3) serum iron <13 μmol/L. The primary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality. Prevalence and outcomes of various ID definitions were evaluated among patients diagnosed with AL‐CM at Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital between September 2017 and October 2023. Overall, 149 patients were included with a mean age of 60.71 ± 10.11 years, of whom 60 (40.3%) patients were female, 127 (85.2%) patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III–IV and 136 (91.3%) patients were in the revised Mayo 2012 stage III–IV. Assessments of iron biomarkers revealed the following results: median ferritin levels were 183.68 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 95.48, 339.01), median TSAT was 21.80% (IQR 16.34, 29.48), and median serum iron was 10.87 μmol/L (IQR 7.38, 13.71). Serum iron were highly correlated with TSAT (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001). Depending on the definition used, 63 (42.3%) patients, 61 (40.9%) patients and 105 (70.5%) patients were defined as ID, respectively (P < 0.0001). ID defined by TSAT and serum iron was associated with the primary outcome [hazard ratio (HR) 2.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–3.37, P < 0.001, and HR 2.16, 95% CI (1.23–3.80), P < 0.01], but the same association was not seen with the guideline definition of ID [HR 1.39, 95% CI (0.88–2.18), P = 0.158]. In the multivariable model adjusting for age, gender, haemoglobin, and revised 2012 Mayo staging, the predictive value of TSAT < 20% [adjusted HR 2.49, 95% CI (1.54–4.05), P < 0.001] and serum iron < 13 μmol/L [adjusted HR 2.24, 95% CI (1.23–4.09), P < 0.01] remained.ConclusionsDifferent definitions of ID yield inconsistent results in terms of prevalence and prognosis. ID, as defined by TSAT < 20% or serum iron < 13 μmol/L, rather than the guideline definition, emerged as an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients with AL‐CM.
Bystander Expression of Atypical Chemokine Receptor 2 Protects T Cells from Chemoattraction towards Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Tang Richard , Tay Szun S. , Sharbeen George , Herrmann David , Youkhana Janet , Timpson Paul , Phillips Phoebe A. , Biro Maté 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAtypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are a subclass of chemokine receptors that internalise and degrade chemokines instead of eliciting chemotaxis. Scavenging by ACKRs reduces the local bioavailability of chemokines and can thus reshape chemokine gradients that direct leukocyte trafficking during inflammation and anticancer responses. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), chemokine axes, such as CXCL12‐CXCR4, are co‐opted by cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) for tumour growth and escape, and immunosuppression. Here, we explore the use of ACKRs to reshape chemokine gradients within the PDAC tumour microenvironment. ACKR2, previously only known to scavenge inflammatory CC chemokines, was recently shown to be able to interact with CXCL10 and CXCL14. Here, using a chemokine binding assay and cytometric bead arrays, we reveal that ACKR2 scavenges additional CXC chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL1. ACKR2 scavenges CXCL12 with reduced efficiency compared to ACKR3, previously reported to bind CXCL12. Finally, we demonstrate that the overexpression of ACKR2 on bystander cells protects primary murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes from PDAC CAF‐mediated chemoattraction. These findings reveal new CXC chemokine ligands of ACKR2 and indicate that ACKR overexpression may protect T cells from misdirection by CAFs.
Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms After Whiplash Trauma—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Lövgren Anna , Wu Wendy Yi‐Ying , Peck Christopher , Westergren Hans , List Thomas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is an umbrella term for pain and dysfunction involving jaw muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint, with whiplash trauma suggested to be one risk factor. The aim was to evaluate prevalence and relative risk of TMDs in the acute and chronic stages after whiplash trauma.Databases and Data TreatmentThis review was registered in Prospero (CRD42023407091) and followed the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science on 10 March 2023 and updated 29 April 2024 identified studies reporting prevalence of TMD after whiplash trauma. Risk of bias was assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. A random effect meta‐analysis was performed for prevalence of TMD pain.ResultsAfter screening of 671 identified studies, 96 articles were assessed in full text. Fourteen studies, with 840 cases in the acute and 8293 cases in the chronic stage (i.e., > 3 months post‐trauma) were included in a qualitative analysis together with 1591 controls. Nine studies, including 449 cases in the acute and 7912 individuals in the chronic stage after trauma, together with 515 controls, were included in the meta‐analysis. Mean prevalence for TMD pain was 18.9% (95% CI 9.71–29.98) in the acute case group, 26.8% (95% CI 15.07–38.79) in the chronic case group, and 5.7% (95% CI 3.08–8.96) in the control group.ConclusionsThe higher prevalence of TMD pain already in the early stage after whiplash trauma, emphasises the need for early comprehensive clinical assessment as well as targeted research to understand underlying mechanisms.SignificanceThe prevalence of Temporomandibular disorder pain was high already in the acute stage after whiplash trauma, and there was no evidence of any decrease from the acute to the chronic stage. This finding suggests that early assessment and management rather than a 'wait‐and see' approach should be recommended when patients present with orofacial pain related to whiplash trauma.
Modeling and Experimental Researches on Redox Reactions of Iron Ore Oxygen Carriers in Chemical Looping
Authors: Hui Wang , Liu Lei , Li Kexin , Zhong Di 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeveloping a reliable kinetic model for these redox reactions is crucial for understanding and improving oxygen carriers practical in chemical looping applications. The traditional pore model assumes that the solid product forms a continuous layer uniformly covering the solid reactant surface during the gas–solid reactions, in the result the model fails to capture the kinetic transitions caused by the actual solid structure change. We integrated product island growth theory into random pore model (RPM). The model assumes the oxygen carrier has randomly distributed and overlapped pores, involving surface chemical reactions, product island growth, product layer diffusion, internal gas diffusion, and external gas diffusion to the particle surface. The model was verified using data of a natural iron ore from micro‐fluidized bed thermogravimetric analysis (MFB‐TGA) experiments. The kinetic parameters include chemical reaction rate constant (), critical product layer thickness (), and product layer diffusion coefficient (). The reduction reaction rate is primarily governed by the chemical reaction, while both surface chemical reactions and product layer diffusion significantly influence the oxidation reaction. The reduction reaction, with an activation energy of 84.2 kJ/mol, is more temperature‐sensitive than the oxidation reaction, which has an activation energy of 41.88 kJ/mol. Reaction temperature, particle size, and reactant gas concentration significantly impact the reaction rate and conversion of iron ore oxygen carriers. The model effectively predicts and analyzes the redox behavior of natural iron ore oxygen carrier, providing insights to optimize its performance.
Relay‐Assisted Communication Over FTR/IFTR Channels
Authors: Mehdi Haider , Hussain Zakir , Rabbani Muhammad Junaid , Saleem Syed Muhammad Atif , Ahmed Syed Areeb 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis work presents an analysis of decode and forward (DF) relay‐assisted device‐to‐device (D2D) communication over a novel fluctuating two‐ray (FTR) faded channel affected by co‐channel interference (CCI). CCI fading condition is assumed to follow a novel independent fluctuating two‐ray (IFTR) model. The FTR model consists of dominant components that jointly fluctuate, plus a diffuse component. The IFTR model complements the FTR model by allowing the dominant components to fluctuate independently. Both models are typically incorporated in various environments because of their generalized nature. The contributions of this paper include analyses of relay‐assisted D2D FTR/IFTR system with two cases. These cases are considered based on diversity schemes at the relay and D2D receiver: (A) Selection combining (SC) at relay and D2D receiver and (B) Maximal ratio combining (MRC) at relay and D2D receiver. Also, the expressions for outage probability, success probability and capacity with outage over Terahertz (THz) communication channels are derived by the help of characteristic function (CF). These expressions are functions of THz channel conditions, distances between various communication nodes of the system, diversity scheme parameters and various FTR/IFTR fading channel parameters. It is observed that the variation in CCI IFTR parameters slightly effect the overall performance of the D2D system. Furthermore, by increasing pointing errors of D2D signals system performance degrades. However, performance is improved when CCI pointing errors are increased.
Improved Conjugate Gradient Methods for Unconstrained Minimization Problems and Training Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Hassan Bassim A. , Moghrabi Issam A. R. , Ibrahim Alaa Luqman , Jabbar Hawraz N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis research introduces two conjugate gradient methods, BIV1 and BIV2, designed to enhance the efficiency and performance of unconstrained optimization problems with only first derivative vectors. The study explores the derivation of new conjugate gradient parameters and investigates their practical performance. The proposed BIV1 and BIV2 methods are compared with the traditional Hestenes‐Stiefel (HS) method through a series of numerical experiments. These experiments evaluate the methods on various test problems sourced from the CUTE library and other unconstrained problem collections. Key performance metrics, including the number of iterations, function evaluations, and CPU time, demonstrate that both BIV1 and BIV2 methods offer superior efficiency and effectiveness compared to the HS method. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these methods is illustrated in the context of training artificial neural networks. Experimental results show that the new methods achieve competitive performance in terms of convergence rate and accuracy.
An examination of the grid‐tied solar photovoltaic energy system installed at the B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology in India
Authors: Kaliluthin A. K. , Vimala M. , Kumar M. Ram , Manokar A. Muthu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA 300 kW power polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) power plant installed at an educational institution was analyzed. The efficiency of PV panel is influenced by environmental factors like solar intensity, ambient temperature, and wind speed. Additionally, factors like the temperature of the panels, dust accumulation, hotspots, and shadow effects can also impact their performance. The effect of climate on a 300 kW power polycrystalline PV power plant installed at B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology was studied in Chennai, India, by comparing the annual performance. For the studied 300 kW power PV system, April month was a better energy generation month than the other months during the year 2022. Enviroeconomic analysis gives information regarding the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) mitigation possible from the proposed plant. The maximum Enviroeconomic cost obtained by considering the system's life as 20 years was 133,723.79 $/annum during the year 2020.
Considering a Functional Conceptualisation of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): A Systematic Scoping Review of Emerging Evidence on ARFID
Authors: Karvay Yvette 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) only recently emerged in the DSM‐5 and ICD‐11. Relatedly, emerging conceptualisations of ARFID are equivocal. A functional conceptualisation of ARFID (i.e., cohesive conceptualisation that can guide research and clinical work) is needed. The present systematic scoping review aimed to synthesise ARFID literature to develop a functional conceptualisation model with recommendations for ongoing research and clinical work.MethodUtilising PRISMA guidelines, 25 references were found eligible for inclusion and categorised using a bottom‐up approach into 6 (not mutually exclusive) conceptualisations of ARFID: clinical presentation subtypes (n = 16), symptom presentation (n = 4), biological (n = 3), behavioural (n = 4), learning (n = 3), and biopsychosocial (n = 4) models.ResultsConceptually, both clinical presentation subtype and biopsychosocial models posed important avenues for further exploration of the aetiology, maintenance, and treatment of ARFID. Clinical presentation subtype models were most common, echoing and extending previous research support for the DSM's subtype categorisation. Biopsychosocial models were agnostic to ARFID subtypes, but encompassed elements of the biological, behavioural, and learning models, and suggested factors related to the aetiology and maintenance of ARFID subtypes.DiscussionTogether, these conceptualisations allow for streamlined, nuanced research and clinical work aimed at understanding and treating ARFID.
A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete Using Palm Oil Clinker: Environmental and Engineering Aspects
Authors: Abdulhaleem Khamees N. , Hamada Hussein M. , Osman Ahmed I. , Yousif Salim T. , Humada Ali M. , Majdi Ali 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAmidst the dual challenges of aggregate scarcity and the environmental impact of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from cement production, this study investigates the viability of palm oil clinker (POC) as a sustainable aggregate in geopolymer concrete (GPC). The lack of appropriate alternative coarse and fine aggregates essential in concrete production is one of the critical issues faced by the construction industry. This review evaluates its environmental benefits, chemical and physical attributes, and influence on GPC's microstructure. Previous studies have shown that incorporating POC in GPC significantly reduces density from 2345 to 1821 kg/m3 while maintaining competitive compressive strength, thus proving its applicability in various structural and nonstructural contexts. Moreover, GPC with POC demonstrates enhanced resistance to aggressive environmental conditions such as water absorption and resistance against acid and sulfate environments. Geopolymer mortar (GPM) exposed to sulfate attack recorded the lowest decrease in strength than GPM containing POC fine aggregates by about 20%. The use of 100% POC aggregates in GPC mix has a 3.2% water absorption, which is lower than the limit for high‐performance concrete. The results advocate for the development of POC‐aggregate GPC as an environmentally friendly construction material, contributing to the sustainable advancement of the building industry.
A New Coupled‐Inductor‐Based Quadratic DC/DC Converter With Low Current Stress
Authors: Hasanpour Sara , Lee Sze Sing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article presents a new ultrahigh‐voltage gain DC/DC converter for renewable energy sources applications. In the presented topology, a three‐winding coupled‐inductor (TWCI) and a switch‐capacitor network are employed in a classic quadratic boost converter to produce a high voltage gain while ensuring continuous input current and common ground between the input source and output load sides. This circuit has a semi‐trans‐inverse feature; therefore, higher voltage gain can be obtained under a very low number of turn ratios of the TWCI. Moreover, the current sharing between the TWCI and input inductor of this topology minimizes the power dissipation of the active switches and the magnetic components. In this circuit, two passive clamp circuits are used to limit the voltage stresses of the active switches, which are operated in simultaneous switching patterns. Detailed steady‐state analysis, power loss estimations, comparison studies, and design considerations are provided. Finally, a sample prototype (200 W) has been implemented to verify the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter.
Effects of geological features on preferential flow on karst slopes in southwestern China
Authors: Hou Fang , Cheng Jinhua , Zhang Han , Wang Xianglian , Shi Dewei , Guan Ning , Yu Yang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe preferential flow phenomenon in karst mountains is subject to the influence of geophysical factors at the hillslope scale. Variations in geologic structure, stemming from hillslope orientation and slope position, impact the level of development of preferential flow. In this study, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and field dye tracing experiments were applied on the south‐ and north‐facing hillslopes to reveal the influence of slope aspects (south‐ and north‐facing) and locations (uphill, mid‐hill, and downhill) on preferential flow in a typical karst graben basin of Southwestern China. Results showed that the degree of preferential flow was higher on the north‐facing hillslopes compared to the south‐facing hillslopes, as indicated by the 3.6% higher preferential flow ratio (PF) and 0.9% higher length index (Li). For north‐facing hillslopes, these two indices decreased with going uphill. There is a correlation between the geo‐structural features reflected by GPR data and the indices (i.e., PF and Li) of preferential flow development. PF and Li were logarithmically increasing in relation to the radargram envelope parameters (i.e., maximum amplitude [Maxa] and total amplitude area [Ta]). A statistically significant correlation was found between the PF and Maxa, Ta, and penetration depth (p < 0.01). The response of the envelope to preferential flow was attributed to 50.3% and 30.4%, respectively, indicating that these envelope properties effectively differentiate between south‐ and north‐facing hillslopes. Our study provides a useful approach to advance the understanding of the influence of subsurface structure on preferential water distribution in the hillslopes of the karst area.
Residential Wildfire Structural Damage Detection Using Deep Learning to Analyze Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) Imagery, Aerial Imagery, and Satellite Imagery
Authors: Kang Dae Kun , Olsen Michael J. , Fischer Erica , Jung Jaehoon 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent years, wildfires in residential regions have increasingly inflicted significant economic and social losses. Preemptive measures can reduce the damage to public infrastructure and lessen these impacts. Rapid evaluation of residential structures after wildfire is crucial for investigating the overall scope of the damage and establishing an effective disaster mitigation strategy. However, conducting these assessments involves detailed on‐site examinations, which require considerable time and workforce. Furthermore, these qualitative assessments can be subjective and prone to error. To overcome these shortcomings, this study suggests a practical methodology for performing damage assessments of housing after a wildfire using deep learning technology. The applications of deep learning to three different image sources for residential areas are analyzed and compared as follows: uncrewed aerial systems imagery, aerial imagery, and satellite imagery. Notably, combinations of these image sources were considered from the training stage, and the impact of changes in training data when applied to each image source was comprehensively investigated. Key results reveal achievable accuracies depending on the various remote sensing data sources used in the training and application phases. This study is expected to provide deep learning researchers working on wildfires with a fundamental resource for the comprehensive use of remote sensing data and to provide valuable insights into the decision‐making process for wildfire responders.