bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Recovery of Cognitive Function Following Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zammitt Nicola N. , Warren Roderick E. , Deary Ian J. , Frier Brian M. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—Recovery times of cognitive functions were examined after exposure to hypoglycemia in people with diabetes with and without impaired hypoglycemia awareness.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 36 subjects with type 1 diabetes were studied (20 with normal hypoglycemia awareness [NHA] and 16 with impaired hypoglycemia awareness [IHA]). A hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp was used to lower blood glucose to 2.5 mmol/l (45 mg/dl) (hypoglycemia) for 1 h or to maintain blood glucose at 4.5 mmol/l (81 mg/dl) (euglycemia) on separate occasions. Cognitive tests were applied during each experimental condition and were repeated at 10- to 15-min intervals for 90 min after euglycemia had been restored.
RESULTS—In the NHA group, performance was impaired on all cognitive tasks during hypoglycemia and remained impaired for up to 75 min on the choice reaction time (CRT) task (P = 0.03, η2 = 0.237). In the IHA group, performance did not deteriorate significantly during hypoglycemia. When all subjects were analyzed within the same general linear model, performance was impaired during hypoglycemia on all tasks. Significant impairment during recovery persisted for up to 40 min on the CRT task (P = 0.04, η2 = 0.125) with a significant glycemia-awareness interaction for CRT after one hour of hypoglycemia (P = 0.045, η2 = 0.124). Performance on the trail-making B task was impaired for up to 10 min after euglycemia was restored (P = 0.024, η2 = 0.158).
CONCLUSIONS—Following hypoglycemia, the recovery time for different cognitive tasks varied considerably. In the IHA group, performance was not significantly impaired during hypoglycemia. The state of awareness of hypoglycemia may influence cognitive function during and after hypoglycemia.
Gene Expression of Adiponectin Receptors in Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Is Related to Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Parameters and Is Altered in Response to Physical Training
Authors: Blüher Matthias , Williams Catherine J. , Klöting Nora , Hsi Alex , Ruschke Karen , Oberbach Andreas , Fasshauer Mathias , Berndt Janin , Schön Michael R. , Wolk Alicja , Stumvoll Michael , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—Adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, respectively) mediate the effects of adiponectin on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo. We examined whether AdipoR1 and/or AdipoR2 mRNA expression in human adipose tissue is fat-depot specific. We also studied whether their expression in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots is associated with metabolic parameters and whether their expression is regulated by intensive physical exercise.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We determined metabolic parameters and assessed AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA expression using quantitative real-time PCR in adipose tissue in an observational study of 153 subjects and an interventional study of 60 subjects (20 each with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes) before and after intensive physical training for 4 weeks.
RESULTS—AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA expression is not significantly different between omental and subcutaneous fat, but their expression is several-fold lower in adipose tissue than in muscle. AdipoR2 mRNA expression in visceral fat is highly correlated with its expression in subcutaneous fat. AdipoR2 mRNA expression in both visceral and subcutaneous fat is positively associated with circulating adiponectin and HDL levels but negatively associated with obesity as well as parameters of insulin resistance, glycemia, and other lipid levels before and after adjustment for fat mass. Physical training for 4 weeks resulted in increased AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA expression in subcutaneous fat.
CONCLUSIONS—AdipoR2 mRNA expression in fat is negatively associated with insulin resistance and metabolic parameters independently of obesity and may mediate the improvement of insulin resistance in response to exercise.
Folate Intake of Older AdultsBefore and After Fortification of Grain Products
Authors: DeWolfe Judy 
Published: November 2007

Purpose: To determine whether fortification allowed older adults in the Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington (KFL&A) Public Health area to obtain adequate amounts of food folate, and the proportion at risk of consuming more than the upper limit (UL) of folic acid (1,000 mcg).Methods: Dietary intake of a convenience sample of 103 healthy, active older adults (age range: 65 to 95 years) was measured using three 24-hour recalls. Dietary folate preand post-fortification was estimated.Results: Mean dietary folate increased from pre- to postfortification, but 43.4% of women and 20% of men still consumed less than the Estimated Average Requirement of 320 mcg dietary folate equivalent. No intakes exceeded the UL. Participants whose diet met grain products and vegetable and fruit recommendations of Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating consumed significantly more folate.Conclusions: Despite fortification, some older adults in the KFL&A area may not be obtaining enough folate to meet their nutritional needs, and may be at risk for health problems associated with folate deficiency. However, without concomitant serum folate measurements, the proportion is not known. Dietitians need to continue promoting foods naturally rich in folate, along with folic acid-fortified foods. While none of the older adults consumed more than the UL, some could exceed this amount if folic acid supplements were added to a folic acid-rich diet.
La citation d'auteurs dans les dictionnaires de la fin du XVIIe siècle (Richelet et Furetière)
Authors: Lehmann Alise 
Published: November 2007

Alise Lehmann : Quoting authors in late 1 7th century dictionaries (Richelet and Furetière).
The well-known opposition between dictionaries that quote the authors, Richelet and Furetière, and the dictionary of the Académie that refuses to do so, has as its counterpart an opposition opposing in turn Richelet and Furetière. In Richelet' s dictionary (1680), quoting « good authors » ensures the description of good usage, the quotation acting at once as a source for the selection of entries and as a procedure of exemplification (syntactic value and semantic-rhetorical value). In Furetière (1690), the quotations, rare and selective (in verse only), correspond to literary intentions, where Furetière expresses his literary feeling and manifests a very modern sense of extracting quotations.
Partitif et localisation temporelle
Authors: Anscombre Jean-Claude 
Published: November 2007

Jean-Claude Anscombre : Partitive and temporal localization
The aim of this paper is an examination of the French partitive construction de + N, as far as event structures are concerned, that is time and aspect. A first part is devoted to an examination of the main distributional properties of this construction, along with its relationship with some problems of genericity. The second part provides arguments for the basic hypothesis : the French partitive construction is possible solely within the context of a temporally localized process. In the last part, some further examples are dealt within the above mentioned framework.
Le trilogue argumentatif. Présentation de modèle, analyse de cas
Authors: Plantin Christian 
Published: November 2007

Christian Plantin, Argumentation as trilogue
Argumentative situation is seen as a three-roles interaction : Proponent, holding a discourse ; Opponent, holding a counter-discourse ; Third party, in charge of the question generated by the confrontation discourse vs counter- discourse.
To show that the concepts and method of argumentation analysis can be fruitfully applied to long-range interactions, this general framework is applied to the analysis of the arguments put forward during a fifty-minutes session of an arbitration committee owners / tenants.
« Nouveau français », « parler jeune » ou « langue des cités » ? Remarques sur un objet linguistique médiatiquement identifié
Authors: Boyer Henri 
Published: November 2007

Henri Boyer : « New' French », « the language of the young », or « the language of urban developments » ? Comments on a linguistic object identified through the media.
Based on a collection of epilinguistic productions, with/without metalinguistic pretentions — press articles, mediatized works, etc. — this article examines the inscription, under various names, of a current sociolinguistic fact in the minds of the French linguistic community. The integration by codification of a generational (and social) deviance relating to the use of the French language (since the beginning of the 1980's) — a deviance concentrated more and more in city outskirts — is a phenomenon which in fact belongs to a centuries-old obsession of glottopolitical regulation.
La variation, plus qu'une écume
Authors: Gadet Françoise 
Published: November 2007

Françoise Gadet : La variation, plus qu'une écume
This paper tries to establish what "syntactic variation" means, first by opposing it to "phonological variation", then by exploring some phenomena of spoken French usually regarded as being syntactic variation, and finally by asking two questions: 1) can we have, on the syntactic level, "two ways of saying the same thing" ?, and 2) is the sociolinguistic involvement going to be of the same nature ?
Les unités graphiques du français médiéval : mots et syntagmes, des représentations mouvantes et problématiques
Authors: Andrieux-Reix Nelly , Monsonego Simone 
Published: November 2007

N. Andrieux-Reix, S. Monsonégo : « The Graphic Units of Medieval French : Words and Phrases, and their Shifting, Problematic Representations »
The term « sequences » is used to designate the graphic segments formed by the joining together, in writing, of grammatical and lexical elements which could just as well be written separately. Some of these sequences correspond to phrase- units ; others go beyond the limits of the phrase. Throughout the history of writing in the Middle Ages, various recurrent types of morpho-syntactic sequences can be found. Their origins may partly be explained by the Latin grammatical model, which was the only such model that was formally taught, and the only one that had any authority. It seems likely that the first attempts at codifying the spelling and the morphology of the vernacular had little effect on the use of these sequence-types ; similarly, the increasing progress of lexical awareness that can be seen from the 14th century onwards does not seem to have made these uses appear contrary to grammatical correctness : indeed, their persistence is probably due to the « normalising » effect of continued usage.
L'attribut de l'objet et les verbes de perception
Authors: Willems Dominique , Defrancq Bart 
Published: November 2007

Dominique Willems et Bart Defrancq, L'attribut de l'objet et les verbes de perception
Verbs expressing perceptual processes can take different types of object complement. Since perception verbs are known to be highly polysemous there could be a correlation between complement type and verb meaning. In the case of voir one of the relevant factors appears to be the grammatical category of the object complement : verbal complements tend to confine themselves to perceptual meaning; nominal complements, on the other hand, tend to express opinion. This correlation confirms and extends earlier analyses of adjectival complements. Furthermore, there seems to be a certain correlation with the form of the object complement, nominal complements preferring to be introduced by prepositions and the like (comme). These correlations are found not only in the case of voir, but also in the case of other perception verbs, which opens interesting perspectives for further research into the semantics of these verbs.
Entre rhétorique et dialectique : la constitution des figures d'argumentation
Authors: Boudon Pierre 
Published: November 2007

Recent theories of argumentation taught us that it was not possible to dissociate a theory of language from the principles of argumentation. The faculty of reasonning is at the core of the language in the same way as argumentation uses its resources and its implicit representations of the world to build procedures of validation for its arguments. We find here classical propositions of rhetorics, namely the notions of exemple (exemplum, paradeigma) and enthymem.
Notwithstanding the fact that it will be taken care of by speakers, this dialectic at the core of language states the problem of its conceptualization outside of the classical limits of a linguistic. This is why we propose a new direction, taking place in a wider project, based on a module named templum (plur. templa). In particular, we find again Peirce's considerations about abduction, that wider the traditional field of logics in order to integrate new processes of discovery.
Argumentation interne et argumentation externe au lexique : des propriétés différentes
Authors: Carel Marion 
Published: November 2007

According to Anscombre and Ducrot, words can be described by means of argumentative discourses. In fact, there are, I believe, two kinds of relations between words and argumentative discourses. This paper aims at defining them. It aims at distinguishing the relation of indulgent and il est indulgent donc il est aimé from the relation of indulgent and elle avait commis une faute pourtant il ne l'a pas punie.
Key words: Argumentation, Lexicon, Paradox, Grading, Negation, Semantic Block.
An evolution of the historical origins of hypnotism prior to the twentieth century: between spirituality and subconscious
Authors: Gezundhajt Henriette 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhile today hypnosis is widely used as an adjunct for many therapeutic purposes, clinical as well as psychological, an embarrassing historical heritage of somewhat esoteric practices has prevented it from becoming mainstream in the fields of medicine and psychology. Today, hypnosis has been scientifically validated as a valuable adjunctive therapy. However, hypnosis has a long history, having passed through three main historical phases and currents of thinking: the ancient religiously based doctrine of the Egyptians and the Greeks as well as the medieval Christian superstitious beliefs that later gave birth to ‘spiritualism’; Mesmer's ‘fluidism’ founded on physics and nature; and finally the psychologically based ‘suggestionism’, as a premise to the study of the subconscious mind. In this study, I provide a synthesis of the history of magnetism and hypnotism. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of substrate temperature on the growth of sexiphenyl on mica(001)
Authors: Lengyel O. , Šatka A. , Haber T. , Kovač J. , Sitter H. , Resel R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSexiphenyl thin films were grown by Hot Wall Epitaxy on air‐cleaved mica (001) surfaces at substrate temperatures between 293 K and 440 K. For the entire temperature range, organic thin films show nano‐needle like morphology. The nano‐needles grown at low substrate temperature (293 K) are shortest, and their growth is accompanied by a simultaneous formation of flat islands which disturbs the growth of nano‐needles. On the contrary, unusually long nano‐needles with typical lengths up to the mm range evolve during the growth at a substrate temperature close to the material's thermal desorption temperature at about 440 K. X‐ray diffraction reveals two different crystalline orientations for nano‐needles in the entire temperature range. At low substrate temperatures dominantly the (11$ \bar 1 $) plane of the β‐phase is formed parallel to the mica (001) surface. At elevated temperatures another strong texture becomes dominant which is close to the (11$ \bar 2 $) crystal orientation. In contrast to this, crystallites with the preferred orientation (001) parallel to the surface of the substrate are formed at low substrate temperature (293 K). This crystal orientation can be associated with flat islands observed in the early growth stage. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of second‐generation antidepressant drugs: An update
Authors: Mandrioli Roberto , Raggi Maria Augusta 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSecond‐generation antidepressant drugs are increasingly prescribed world‐wide by psychiatrists and primary care physicians. Generally speaking, they seem to be safer than traditional tricyclic antidepressant drugs, especially in overdose. However, most of them possess stereogenic centers, thus they can exist as enantiomeric couples. Since enantiomers can have even dramatically different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, the study of antidepressant chirality is of great importance. In fact, the application of enantioselective analytical techniques can be useful both for the quality control of enantiomerically pure formulations and for the pharmacovigilance and therapeutic monitoring of patients undergoing treatment with these drugs. The high efficiency and inexpensiveness of electrodriven methods makes them a very attractive alternative to the usual chromatographic methods. This review is an update (2004–2007) of a previously published paper on recent electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of second‐generation antidepressants. In particular, the focus has been put on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as citalopram and sertraline, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants, such as mirtazapine and tetracyclic antidepressants such as mianserin, as well as on multianalyte methods.
Monocytes, but not T or B cells, are the principal target cells for dengue virus (DV) infection among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Kou Zhihua , Quinn Matthew , Chen Huiyuan , Rodrigo W.W. Shanaka I. , Rose Robert C. , Schlesinger Jacob J. , Jin Xia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA better understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome requires the precise identification of dengue virus (DV) permissive target cells. To examine the relative DV permissiveness among cell subsets, we inoculated unfractionated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with DV2‐16681 in the presence or absence of pooled DV‐immune human sera (PHS), and assessed infection with fluorescent dye labeled DV‐specific monoclonal antibody and cell surface markers using flow cytometry. We found significantly higher levels of DV antigen staining on DV‐infected than mock‐infected primary monocytes (3.54 ± 3.42% vs. 0.50 ± 0.38%; P = 0.001). The magnitude of infection was markedly enhanced in the presence of highly diluted PHS (10.04 ±  6.10% vs. 3.54 ± 3.42%; P = 0.015). Under identical experimental conditions, primary T or B cells were not infected either with or without the addition of PHS (0.06 ± 0.04% and 0.44 ± 0.22% for T and B cells, respectively). Furthermore, depletion of CD14+ monocytes prior to DV inoculation abrogated the detection of infected cells, and the addition of monoclonal antibodies to either FcγRI (CD64) or FcγRII (CD32) led to a 50–70% reduction in antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) of DV infection. Collectively, these results provide further support to the notion that primary monocytes and FcγRs expressed on these cells may be important in the initial steps of immune enhancement observed in some patients with natural DV infection. They also demonstrate that using modern experimental technology, DV infection, and neutralization and enhancement of DV infection can be easily assessed simultaneously in multiple cell types. J. Med. Virol. 80:134–146, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why use CFD for explosion studies?
Authors: Herrmann David D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article provides an overview showing the value of CFD for the study of explosions. Although computational fluid dynamics finds a great deal of use in solving very complex problems, its value is not limited to complex problems. Many relatively simple problems can be solved quickly and economically with the use of CFD. The intent of this article is to show industry the possibilities that exist for improving safety when the physics of explosions are better understood. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2008
Mechanical Deformation Induced in Si and GaN Under Berkovich Nanoindentation
Authors: Jian Sheng-Rui 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Details of Berkovich nanoindentation-induced mechanical deformation mechanisms of single-crystal Si(100) and the metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) derived GaN thin films have been systematic investigated by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) techniques. The XTEM samples were prepared by using focused ion beam (FIB) milling to accurately position the cross-section of the nanoindented area. The behaviors of the discontinuities displayed in the loading and unloading segments of the load-displacement curves of Si and GaN thin films performed with a Berkovich diamond indenter tip were explained by the observed microstructure features obtained from XTEM analyses. According to the observations of micro-Raman and XTEM, the nanoindentation-induced mechanical deformation is due primarily to the generation and propagation of dislocations gliding along the pyramidal and basal planes specific to the hexagonal structure of GaN thin films rather than by indentation-induced phase transformations displayed in Si.
Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) and heart failure: Pathophysiology and clinical implications
Authors: Hartog Jasper W.L. , Voors Adriaan A. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Smit Andries J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAdvanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are molecules formed during a non‐enzymatic reaction between proteins and sugar residues, called the Maillard reaction. AGEs accumulate in the human body with age, and accumulation is accelerated in the presence of diabetes mellitus. In patients with diabetes, AGE accumulation is associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction. Enhanced AGE accumulation is not restricted to patients with diabetes, but can also occur in renal failure, enhanced states of oxidative stress, and by an increased intake of AGEs. Several lines of evidence suggest that AGEs are related to the development and progression of heart failure in non‐diabetic patients as well. Preliminary small intervention studies with AGE cross‐link breakers in heart failure patients have shown promising results. In this review, the role of AGEs in the development of heart failure and the role of AGE intervention as a possible treatment for heart failure are discussed.
Evaluation and host specificity of two seed flies Mesoclanis polana and M. magnipalpis (Diptera: Tephritidae): biological control agents for Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae) in Australia
Authors: Adair R.J. , Bruzzese A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLarvae of the South African tephritid flies Mesoclanis polana Munro and M. magnipalpis Bezzi feed in the developing seeds of Chrysanthemoides monilifera. Host specificity evaluation using 109 plant species from 25 families indicated that complete development was restricted to their natural host C. monilifera. Minor feeding and limited development was detected on 18 species, but was of no ecological or economic significance. Mesoclanis polana and M. magnipalpis have been released in Australia and M. polana has established and dispersed widely. Mesoclanis magnipalpis has not yet become naturalized. Parasitism of M. polana in Australia by several species of Hymenoptera has been detected, but is not expected to limit the establishment and impact of these flies.