bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shorebird habitat selection and foraging behaviour have important implications for management at an internationally important non‐breeding wetland
Authors: Jackson Micha V. , Mott Rowan , Delean Steven , Hunt Brayden J. , Brookes Justin D. , Cassey Phillip , Prowse Thomas A. A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

It is imperative to manage wetlands appropriately in the non‐breeding range of migratory shorebirds because their habitat quality impacts survival and reproductive performance. However, it is challenging to measure and relate these parameters to the habitat quality of individual sites because they are influenced by a composite contribution to fitness across all sites used in the annual cycle. Identifying important habitat quality features for shorebirds, and assessing whether management actions aimed at improving habitat quality are effective, poses a substantial challenge. Nonetheless, within a site, shorebird subsite selection and foraging behaviour could reveal variation in habitat quality proxies and suitability.

We developed a field study to investigate habitat selection and habitat quality proxies for shorebirds in the Coorong, an internationally important non‐breeding site in Australia. We examined the abundance of shorebirds among multiple subsites in the wetland and their foraging behaviour in relation to multiple variables (potential habitat area, salinity, prey density, wind, temperature), the first three of which can be influenced by management.

Larger potential habitat area, defined as the combined area of bare mud/sand and shallow water (<20 cm depth), was associated with higher shorebird abundance across subsites with the same shore length, suggesting this is the most important site feature for habitat selection.

Shorebird step rate, which reflects the effort associated with catching prey, was higher at subsites with lower prey density. This suggests that step rate can be used as an indicator of prey availability.

Potential habitat area is strongly positively correlated with shorebird abundance. At sites where water levels can be managed, flows should be regulated so that water levels are not too high (limiting habitat area) or too low (drying out mudflats). However, it is critical that large potential habitat areas that attract shorebirds are productive so that they do not become ecological traps. Management should aim to maintain healthy prey abundance on areas attractive for shorebirds, while also minimising predation and disturbance of shorebirds. Monitoring prey abundance directly can be challenging, but our study shows that shorebird step rate provides a low‐cost indicator of relative macroinvertebrate prey abundance.
Engineering Spin‐Orbit Interactions in Silicon Qubits at the Atomic‐Scale
Authors: Hsueh Yu‐Ling , Keith Daniel , Chung Yousun , Gorman Samuel K. , Kranz Ludwik , Monir Serajum , Kembrey Zachary , Keizer Joris G. , Rahman Rajib , Simmons Michelle Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpin‐orbit interactions arise whenever the bulk inversion symmetry and/or structural inversion symmetry of a crystal is broken providing a bridge between a qubit's spin and orbital degree of freedom. While strong interactions can facilitate fast qubit operations by all‐electrical control, they also provide a mechanism to couple charge noise thereby limiting qubit lifetimes. Previously believed to be negligible in bulk silicon, recent silicon nano‐electronic devices have shown larger than bulk spin‐orbit coupling strengths from Dresselhaus and Rashba couplings. Here, it is shown that with precision placement of phosphorus atoms in silicon along the [110] direction (without inversion symmetry) or [111] direction (with inversion symmetry), a wide range of Dresselhaus and Rashba coupling strength can be achieved from zero to 1113 × 10−13eV‐cm. It is shown that with precision placement of phosphorus atoms, the local symmetry (C2v, D2d, and D3d) can be changed to engineer spin‐orbit interactions. Since spin‐orbit interactions affect both qubit operation and lifetimes, understanding their impact is essential for quantum processor design.
Corrosion Engineering of Part‐Per‐Million Single Atom Pt1/Ni(OH)2 Electrocatalyst for PET Upcycling at Ampere‐Level Current Density
Authors: Song Minwei , Wu Yufeng , Zhao Ziyi , Zheng Mengting , Wang Changlong , Lu Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe plastic waste issue has posed a series of formidable challenges for the ecological environment and human health. While conventional recycling strategies often lead to plastic down‐cycling, the electrochemical strategy of recovering valuable monomers enables an ideal, circular plastic economy. Here a corrosion synthesized single atom Pt1/Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst with part‐per‐million noble Pt loading for highly efficient and selective upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into valuable chemicals (potassium diformate and terephthalic acid) and green hydrogen is reported. Electro‐oxidation of PET hydrolysate, ethylene glycol (EG), to formate is processed with high Faraday efficiency (FE) and selectivity (>90%) at the current density close to 1000 mA cm−2 (1.444 V vs RHE). The in situ spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism and the understanding of the high efficiency. Remarkably, the electro‐oxidation of EG at the ampere‐level current density is also successfully illustrated by using a membrane‐electrode assembly with high FEs to formate integrated with hydrogen production for 500 h of continuous operation. This process allows valuable chemical production at high space‐time yield and is highly profitable (588–700 $ ton−1 PET), showing an industrial perspective on single‐atom catalysis of electrochemical plastic upcycling.
3D Printed Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogel‐Based Wearable Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Chieh , Lin Yen‐Ting , Hong Shao‐Huan , Jeng U‐Ser , Chen Hsin‐Lung , Yu Jiashing , Liu Cheng‐Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study focuses on the utilization of a hydrogel consisting of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a matrix for hosting the redox couple Fe(CN)63−/4−. The hydrogel exhibits a discernable thermopower (Src) of 3 mV K−1. The beneficial effect of the hydrogel microstructure on the mechanical robustness is demonstrated by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Moreover, the hydrogel is used to construct a 3D printed thermoelectric generator (TEG) consisting of eight p‐type thermoelectric legs, which exhibits commendable thermoelectric properties, including an open‐circuit voltage of 64 mV and a power density of 4.0 mW m−2 under a temperature gradient (ΔT) of 2.5 K. These findings demonstrate that 3D printing both enhances the quality of the interface between the hydrogel and electrode and provides a promising method for a more facile TEG fabrication process with the potential for further applications in low‐grade waste heat harvesting.
Reshaping Phosphatase Substrate Preference for Controlled Biosynthesis Using a “Design–Build–Test–Learn” Framework
Authors: Lu Jiangong , Lv Xueqin , Yu Wenwen , Zhang Jianing , Lu Jianxing , Liu Yanfeng , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Liu Long 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiosynthesis is the application of enzymes in microbial cell factories and has emerged as a promising alternative to chemical synthesis. However, natural enzymes with limited catalytic performance often need to be engineered to meet specific needs through a time‐consuming trial‐and‐error process. This study presents a quantum mechanics (QM)‐incorporated design–build–test–learn (DBTL) framework to rationally design phosphatase BT4131, an enzyme with an ambiguous substrate spectrum involved in N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) biosynthesis. First, mutant M1 (L129Q) is designed using force field‐based methods, resulting in a 1.4‐fold increase in substrate preference (kcat/Km) toward GlcNAc‐6‐phosphate (GlcNAc6P). QM calculations indicate that the shift in substrate preference is caused by a 13.59 kcal mol−1 reduction in activation energy. Furthermore, an iterative computer‐aided design is conducted to stabilize the transition state. As a result, mutant M4 (I49Q/L129Q/G172L) with a 9.5‐fold increase in kcat‐GlcNAc6P/Km‐GlcNAc6P and a 59% decrease in kcat‐Glc6P/Km‐Glc6P is highly desirable compared to the wild type in the GlcNAc‐producing chassis. The GlcNAc titer increases to 217.3 g L−1 with a yield of 0.597 g (g glucose)−1 in a 50‐L bioreactor, representing the highest reported level. Collectively, this DBTL framework provides an easy yet fascinating approach to the rational design of enzymes for industrially viable biocatalysts.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of MnTe by Decoupling of Electrical and Thermal Transports
Authors: Basit Abdul , Xin Jiwu , Luo Yubo , Dai Ji‐Yan Y. , Yang Junyou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLead‐free polycrystalline manganese telluride holds great potential in the development of waste heat recovery due to its fascinating physical properties. However, the poor thermoelectric (TE) performance in the p‐type MnTe alloys always results from their inferior carrier concentration, leading to low power factor and high thermal conductivity which restrict the overall thermoelectric performance. In this work, the problem is solved by decoupling its electrical and thermal transports through the hole donor Ge‐deficiency in MnTe + x mol.% GeTe (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) compounds. Intrinsically, extra GeTe in MnTe + x mol.% GeTe compound offers free charge carriers due to a narrow bandgap comparatively, realizing not only a full assessment of stimulated electrical performance but also an enhanced power factor. Moreover, benefiting from the nano‐precipitates and tweed microstructures, the lattice thermal conductivity effectively reduces due to the intensive phonon scattering accordingly. Ultimately, a maximum ZT of ≈1.2 at 873 K in the 3 mol.% GeTe doped MnTe sample is realized.
Simulating empathy: A qualitative experiential study of embedded resident learners in an empathy curriculum
Authors: Culhane Anna , Martin Jerome , Huston Zachary , Hock Sara M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesPhysician empathy and communication skills are crucial parts of a successful emergency department (ED) interaction. This study aimed to evaluate whether these skills can be improved through a novel curriculum where interns act as patients for their senior residents during simulated ED cases.MethodsTwenty‐five residents participated in the curriculum. Prior to the cases, participants filled out the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ). They then completed three simulated cases, with the 11 interns portraying the patients and the 14 seniors (postgraduate year [PGY]‐2 and PGY‐3 residents) in the physician role. Following the cases, the residents participated in a recorded, structured focus group. At the conclusion of the session participants again filled out the TEQ and answered a Likert questionnaire on their thoughts about the curriculum. Qualitative analysis was used to determine themes from the debriefs.ResultsTwenty‐two residents completed all components of the study. The mean (±SD) TEQ scores pre‐ and postcurriculum for all residents were 46.2 (±4.64) pre and 47.9 (±6.03) post (ns). On qualitative analysis, we derived four major themes: empathy, communication, feedback, and physician experience. The most common subthemes discussed were empathy for the patient situation and the importance of communicating visit expectations. On a 5‐point Likert survey related to the simulated cases, respondents rated comfort providing feedback to their peers (mean ± SD 4.41 ± 0.95) and gaining insight into the patient experience (mean ± SD 4.27 ± 0.83).ConclusionsThe embedded intern exercise was rated well by resident participants, with no observed change in empathy scores. Qualitative analysis identified empathy and communication as major themes. Residents enjoyed this style of simulation and found it realistic.
Benefit of axicabtagene ciloleucel versus chemoimmunotherapy in older patients and/or patients with poor ECOG performance status with relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma after 2 or more lines of prior therapy
Authors: Lunning Matthew A. , Wang Hai‐lin , Hu Zhen‐Huan , Locke Frederick L. , Siddiqi Tanya , Jacobson Caron A. , Ahmed Sairah , Miklos David B. , Lin Yi , Hill Brian T. , Ghobadi Armin , Neelapu Sattva S. , Westin Jason , Dieyi Chrisopher , Field Polly , Miao Harry , Shahani Shilpa A. , Patel Anik , Spooner Clare , Fu Christine , Muramoto David , Xu Hairong , Pasquini Marcelo C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAxicabtagene ciloleucel (axi‐cel) in trials has demonstrated favorable efficacy compared with historical controls after ≥2 lines of therapy for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) large B cell lymphoma (LBCL). Herein, we compared the real‐world effectiveness of axi‐cel with efficacy and effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) in patients aged ≥65 years and patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 2. A total of 1146 patients treated with commercial axi‐cel for R/R LBCL with ≥2 lines of prior therapy were included from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research prospective observational study, and 469 patients treated with CIT for R/R LBCL after ≥2 lines of prior therapy were included from SCHOLAR‐1 (an international, multicohort, retrospective study). After propensity score matching, at a median follow‐up of 24 months for patients receiving axi‐cel and 60 months for patients receiving CIT, 12‐month overall survival rates were 62% and 28%, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.24–0.37]). Objective response rate (ORR) was 76% (complete response [CR] rate 58%) in patients receiving axi‐cel versus 28% (CR rate 16%) for those receiving CIT. A 57% difference in ORR (55% difference in CR rate) favoring axi‐cel over CIT was observed among patients aged ≥65 years. Increased magnitude of benefit in response rates for axi‐cel versus CIT was also observed among patients with ECOG PS = 2. These findings further support the broader use of axi‐cel in older patients and patients with ECOG PS = 2 with R/R LBCL.
Crystal Engineering of MOF‐Derived Bimetallic Oxide Solid Solution Anchored with Au Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Syngas and C2 Hydrocarbons
Authors: Huang Ning‐Yu , Li Bai , Wu Duojie , Chen Zhen‐Yu , Shao Bing , Chen Di , Zheng Yu‐Tao , Wang Wenjuan , Yang Chunzhen , Gu Meng , Li Lei , Xu Qiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering that CO2 reduction is mostly a multielectron reaction, it is necessary for the photocatalysts to integrate multiple catalytic sites and cooperate synergistically to achieve efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction to various products, such as C2 hydrocarbons. Herein, through crystal engineering, we designed and constructed a metal–organic framework‐derived Zr/Ti bimetallic oxide solid solution support, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. After anchoring Au nanoparticles, the composite photocatalyst exhibited excellent performances toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction to syngas (H2 and CO production rates of 271.6 and 260.6 μmol g−1 h−1) and even C2 hydrocarbons (C2H4 and C2H6 production rates of 6.80 and 4.05 μmol g−1 h−1). According to the control experiments and theoretical calculations, the strong interaction between bimetallic oxide solid solution support and Au nanoparticles was found to be beneficial for binding intermediates and reducing CO2 reduction, highlighting the synergy effect of the catalytic system with multiple active sites.
Homochiral π‐Rich Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabled Chirality Imprinting in Conjugated Polymers: Confined Polymerization and Chiral Memory from Scratch
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Chen Xinfa , Fu Shiguo , Cao Ziping , Gong Wei , Liu Yan , Cui Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOptically active π‐conjugated polymers (OACPs) have garnered increasing research interest for their resemblance to biological helices and intriguing chirality‐related functions. Traditional methods for synthesizing involve decorating achiral conjugated polymer architectures with enantiopure side substituents through complex organic synthesis. Here, we report a new approach: the templated synthesis of unsubstituted OACPs via supramolecularly confined polymerizations of achiral monomers within nanopores of 2D or 3D chiral covalent organic frameworks (CCOFs). We show that the chiral π‐rich nanospaces facilitate the in situ enantiospecific polymerization and self‐propagation, akin to nonenzymatic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system, resulting in chiral imprinting. The stacked polymer chains are kinetically inert enough to memorize the chiral information after liberating from CCOFs, and even after treatment at temperature up to 200 °C. The isolated OACPs demonstrate robust enantiodiscrimination, achieving up to 85 % ee in separating racemic amino acids. This underscores the potential of utilizing CCOFs as templates for supramolecularly imprinting optical activity into CPs, paving the way for synthetic evolution and advanced functional exploration of OACPs.
A facile and efficient strategy for fabrication of silicone rubber foam based on in situ precuring‐supercritical CO2 foaming technology
Authors: Li Donglin , Wei Zi , Li Lifen , Peng Chang , Xu Lunneng , Bi Siwen , Chen Xuhuang , Yu Peng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, a facile in situ precuring and supercritical CO2 (sc‐CO2) foaming technology is proposed to fabricate silicone rubber foam (SRF) with a tunable cell structure. Uncured silicone rubber is put into the autoclave to saturate sc‐CO2 directly, which not only shorts the saturation time but also accelerates the curing reaction in the precuring process. In the foaming process, cell nucleation is triggered by rapid release of pressure. The cell structure of SRF samples with cell size range of 9.45 to 128.09 μm, cell density range of 3.5 × 105 cells/cm3 to 5.7 × 108 cells/cm3, and porosity range of 28.35% to 77.28% are successfully fabricated by controlling of precuring time, saturation pressure and foaming temperature. To guarantee the dimensional stability and optimize surface quality of SRF samples, in situ post‐curing process is implemented within the foaming mold. With the increase of cell size from 9.91 to 128.09 μm, the compressive stress at strain of 75% decreases from 2.19 to 0.61 MPa, while the energy loss coefficient reduces from 35.4% to 16.9%, exhibiting excellent compression recovery steady. The new technique integrates the precuring, foaming process and post‐curing into an autoclave to simplify the SRF procedure.
Extrusion and thermoforming of poly(butylene succinate–co‐butylene adipate)/poly(3–hydroxybutyrate–co–3–hydroxyhexanoate) bio‐based blends for the fabrication of disposable packaging
Authors: Genovesi Annalisa , Koca Nazan , Barletta Massimiliano , Aversa Clizia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermoformed fossil‐based disposable packaging is widely used in everyday life but it represents a serious environmental problem, as it is often incorrectly dispersed or destined to landfills. Bio‐based and biodegradable materials can constitute and effective solution to this issue. Two different blends of poly(butylene succinate‐co‐butylene adipate) (PBSA) and Poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) were studied as constituents for disposable packaging production. The blends were produced via twin screw extrusion. Sheets were cast extruded and then thermoformed into trays. A rheological, thermal and mechanical characterization was performed on compounds and manufacts. Both blends presented a good processability and interesting properties for packaging application, which can be tailored by varying the percentage of constituent polymers.
Three new red neutral and ionic iridium(III) complexes based on the same main ligand and auxiliary ligand but with different counterions for solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Zhou Weiqiao , Zhang Zihao , Li Lixiang , Xu Jing , Gong Yongyang , Guo Song , Liu Yuanli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThree new neutral and ionic phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes were successfully prepared using 1‐(6‐methoxynaphthalen‐2‐yl)isoquinoline as the main ligand, while the auxiliary ligand was 2‐(2‐1H‐imidazolyl)pyridine. Three complexes (Ir1, Ir2, Ir3) showed red emission, peaking at 610, 609, and 615 nm, respectively, and they exhibited good solubility and excellent photophysical properties in different solvents, which is suitable to prepare organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) by solution method. Among the three OLEDs prepared by iridium(III) complexes using the solution method, the device based on Ir2 possessed better electroluminescent properties, and its maximum brightness, current efficiency (CE), power efficiency (PE), and the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) were 507.2 cd m−2, 0.14 cd A−1, 0.06 lm W−1, and 0.14%. respectively, proving that the three complexes have a certain of potential for OLEDs applications and are expected to expand the applications of iridium(III) complexes for OLEDs.
Hydrogen peroxide fluorescent probe–monitored butyric acid inhibition of the ferroptosis process
Authors: Hua Yuanqing , Si Xianghuan , Li Dongna , Li Zhen , Xu Tianshu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractShort‐chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, play pivotal roles in various physiological processes within the human body. Recent advances in understanding cell death pathways, specifically ferroptosis, have unveiled unique opportunities for therapeutic development. Ferroptosis is linked to iron accumulation and oxidative stress, whereas butyrate has emerged as a cellular protector against oxidative stress, potentially inhibiting ferroptosis. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key player in oxidative stress, and its monitoring has gained significance in disease mechanisms. We present an innovative fluorescent probe, HOP, capable of dynamically tracking intracellular H2O2 levels, enabling spatial and temporal visualization. The probe exhibits high accuracy (limit of detection = 0.14 μM) and sensitivity, paving the way for disease diagnosis and treatment innovations. Importantly, HOP displayed minimal toxicity, making it suitable for cellular applications. Cellular imaging experiments demonstrated its ability to penetrate cells and monitor intracellular H2O2 levels accurately. The HOP probe confirmed H2O2 as a critical marker in ferroptosis. Our innovative HOP provides a powerful tool for tracking intracellular H2O2 levels and offers insights into the modulation of ferroptosis, potentially opening new avenues for disease research and therapeutic interventions.