bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of halothane in horses
Authors: McMurphy Rose M. , Young Lesley E. , Marlin David J. , Walsh Karen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare cardiopulmonary responses during anesthesia maintained with halothane and responses during anesthesia maintained by use of a total intravenous anesthetic (TIVA) regimen in horses.Animals—7 healthy adult horses (1 female, 6 geldings).Procedure—Each horse was anesthetized twice. Romifidine was administered IV, and anesthesia was induced by IV administration of ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained for 75 minutes by administration of halothane (HA) or IV infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine (TIVA). The order for TIVA or HA was randomized. Cardiopulmonary variables were measured 40, 60, and 75 minutes after the start of HA or TIVA.Results—Systolic, diastolic, and mean carotid arterial pressures, velocity time integral, and peak acceleration of aortic blood flow were greater, and systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were lower at all time points for TIVA than for HA. Pre-ejection period was shorter and ejection time was longer for TIVA than for HA. Heart rate was greater for HA at 60 minutes. Minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation were greater and inspiratory time was longer for TIVA than for HA at 75 minutes. The PaCO2was higher at 60 and 75 minutes for HA than for TIVA.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses receiving a constant-rate infusion of romifidine, guaifenesin, and ketamine maintained higher arterial blood pressures than when they were administered HA. There was some indication that left ventricular function may be better during TIVA, but influences of preload and afterload on measured variables could account for some of these differences. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1655–1661)
Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs
Authors: Kojima Kentaro , Nishimura Ryohei , Mutoh Tatsushi , Hong Sung-Hyeok , Mochizuki Manabu , Sasaki Nobuo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate dose-sparing effects of medetomidine-midazolam (MM), acepromazinebutorphanol (AB), and midazolam-butorphanol (MB) on the induction dose of thiopental and propofol and to examine cardiopulmonary changes in dogs.Animals—23 healthy Beagles.Procedure—Dogs were administered MM, AB, MB, or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (PS) IM, and anesthesia was induced with thiopental or propofol. Cardiopulmonary measurements were obtained before and after administration of medication and 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes after endotracheal intubation.Results—Induction doses were reduced significantly by preanesthetic administration of MM, AB, and MB (thiopental, 20, 45, and 46% after administration of PS; propofol, 42, 58, and 74% after administration of PS, respectively). Recovery time in dogs administered MM-thiopental or MM-propofol and AB-propofol were significantly prolonged, compared with recovery time in dogs administered PS-thiopental or PS-propofol. Relatively large cardiovascular changes were induced by administration of MM, which were sustained even after the induction of anesthesia. Administration of AB and MB induced cardiovascular changes during and immediately after endotracheal intubation that were significantly decreased by induction with thiopental or propofol. However, mild hypotension developed with AB-propofol. Apnea was observed in dogs administered MM during induction of anesthesia, but most respiratory variables did not change significantly.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Preanesthetic medication with MM greatly reduced the anesthesia induction dose of thiopental and propofol but caused noticeable cardiopulmonary changes. Preanesthetic medication with AB and MB moderately reduced the induction dose of thiopental and propofol and ameliorated cardiovascular changes induced by these anesthetics, although AB caused mild hypotension. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1671–1679)
Pharmacokinetic characteristics and tissue residues for marbofloxacin and its metabolite N-desmethyl-marbofloxacin in broiler chickens
Authors: Anadón Arturo , Martínez-Larrañaga María R. , Díaz María J. , Martínez María A. , Frejo María T. , Martínez Marta , Tafur McAllister , Castellano Victor J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives—To determine pharmacokinetic characteristics of marbofloxacin after a single IV and oral administration and tissue residues after serial daily oral administration in chickens.Animals—40 healthy broiler chickens.Procedure—Two groups of chickens (groups A and B; 8 chickens/group) were administered a single IV and oral administration of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg). Chickens of group C (n = 24) were given serial daily doses of marbofloxacin (2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 3 days). Plasma (groups A and B) and tissue concentrations (group C) of marbofloxacin and its major metaboliteN-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were determined by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Residues of marbofloxacin andN-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were measured in target tissues.Results—Elimination half-life and mean residence time of marbofloxacin in plasma were 5.26 and 4.36 hours after IV administration and 8.69 and 8.55 hours after oral administration, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration was 1.05 µg/ml, and interval from oral administration until maximum concentration was 1.48 hours. Oral bioavailability of marbofloxacin was 56.82%. High concentrations of marbofloxacin andN-desmethyl- marbofloxacin were found in the kidneys, liver, muscles, and skin plus fat 24 hours after the final dose of marbofloxacin; however, marbofloxacin andN-desmethyl-marbofloxacin were detected in only hepatic (27.6 and 98.7 µg/kg, respectively) and renal (39.7 and 69.1 µg/kg, respectively) tissues 72 hours after termination of marbofloxacin treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained in this study reveals that a minimal therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours should be appropriate for control of most infections in chickens. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:927–933)
In vitro anion transport alterations and apoptosis induced by phenylbutazone in the right dorsal colon of ponies
Authors: Richter Ruth-Anne , Freeman David E. , Wallig Matthew , Whittem Ted , Baker Gordon J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives—To study the functional and structural responses of the right dorsal colon (RDC) of ponies to phenylbutazone (PBZ) in vitro at a concentration that could be achieved in vivo.Animals—8 adult ponies.Procedure—Short circuit current and conductance were measured in mucosa from the RDC. Tissues incubated with and without HCO3–were exposed to PBZ, bumetanide, or indomethacin. Bidirectional Cl–fluxes were determined. After a baseline flux period, prostaglandin E2(PGE2) was added to the serosal surfaces and a second flux period followed. Light and transmission electron microscopy were performed.Results—Baseline short circuit current was diminished significantly by PBZ and indomethacin, and increased significantly after addictions of PGE2. After PGE2was added, Cl–secretion increased significantly in tissues in HCO3-–-free solutions and solutions with anti-inflammatory drugs, compared with corresponding baseline measurements and with control tissues exposed to PGE2. Bumetanide did not affect baseline short circuit current and Cl–fluxes. The predominant histologic change was apoptosis of surface epithelial cells treated with PBZ and to a lesser extent in those treated with indomethacin.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prostaglandin- induced Cl–secretion appeared to involve a transporter that might also secrete HCO3–. Both PBZ and indomethacin altered ion transport in RDC and caused apoptosis; PBZ can damage mucosa through a mechanism that could be important in vivo. The clinically harmful effect of PBZ on equine RDC in vivo could be mediated through its effects on Cl–and HCO3–secretion. (Am J Vet Res2002;220:934–941)
Reliability of goniometry in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Jaegger Gayle , Marcellin-Little Denis J. , Levine David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the reliability of goniometry by comparing goniometric measurements with radiographic measurements and evaluate the effects of sedation on range of joint motion.Animals—16 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers.Procedure—3 investigators blindly and independently measured range of motion of the carpus, elbow, shoulder, tarsus, stifle, and hip joints of 16 Labrador Retrievers in triplicate before and after dogs were sedated. Radiographs of all joints in maximal flexion and extension were made during under sedation. Goniometric measurements were compared with radiographic measurements. The influence of sedation and the intra- and intertester variability were evaluated; 95% confidence intervals for all ranges of motion were determined.Results—Results of goniometric and radiographic measurements were not significantly different. Results of measurements made by the 3 investigators were not significantly different. Multiple measurements made by 1 investigator varied from 1 to 6° (median, 3°) depending on the joint. Sedation did not influence the range of motion of the evaluated joints.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Goniometry is a reliable and objective method for determining range of motion of joints in healthy Labrador Retrievers. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:979–986)
Depletion of gentamicin and its major components from various tissues of turkeys
Authors: Shem-Tov Motti , Gabor Nagy , Suth Miklós , Kormoczy Peter 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine tissue depletion profiles for
gentamicin and its 3 major components (C1, C1a, and
C2) in turkeys.

Animals—Twenty 10-week-old male turkeys.

Procedure—4 birds were maintained as untreated
controls. The remaining birds were treated with gentamicin
sulfate at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, IM, once daily
for 5 days. Treated birds were euthanatized 45, 60, 75,
and 90 days (4 birds at each sample time) after the
last dose of gentamicin was administered, and samples
of muscle, liver, kidney, and skin and fat were collected.
Control birds were euthanatized on day 45.
Concentrations of the 3 major components of gentamicin
were measured by means of reversed-phase
high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results—Total gentamicin concentration (ie, sum of
the concentrations of the 3 major components) was
< 100 µg/kg for all muscle and skin and fat samples by
day 45 and all liver samples by day 75. At all sample
times, concentration of the gentamicin C1 component
was higher than concentrations of the C1a and
C2 components in all tissues.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that tissue depletion profiles of the 3 major components
of gentamicin differ from each other.
Withdrawal time, therefore, may depend on the ratio
of the components in the pharmaceutical preparation
used. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1234–1236)
Relationship between orally administered dose, surface emission rate for gamma radiation, and urine radioactivity in radioiodine-treated hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Feeney Daniel A. , Jessen Carl R. , Weichselbaum Ralph C. , Cronk Daniel E. , Anderson Kari L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the relationship between surface emission rate of gamma radiation and urine concentration of I131(urine radioactivity) during the period 7 to 21 days after oral or SC administration of I131to hyperthyroid cats.Animals—47 hyperthyroid cats administered I131PO and 24 hyperthyroid cats administered I131SC.Procedure—A dose of I131(1.78 to 2.04 X 102MBq [4.8 to 5.5 mCi]) was administered orally. Surface emission at the skin adjacent to the thyroid gland on days 7, 10, 14, 18, and 21 and number of counts/30 s in a urine sample (1 mL, obtained via cystocentesis) on days 7, 14, and 21 after oral administration were measured. Effective half-life (T1/2E) was derived for each point. Surface emission thresholds for maximum urine radioactivity values were established. A dose of I131(1.48 X 102MBq [4.0 mCi]) was administered SC. Urine radioactivity and surface emission rates for SC administration were compared with values for oral administration.Results—The T1/2Efor surface emissions and urine radioactivity progressively increased toward values for physical T1/2over time. The T1/2Efor surface emissions was 2.19 to 4.70 days, and T1/2Efor urine radioactivity was 2.16 to 3.67 days. Surface emission rates had a clinically useful threshold relationship to maximum urine concentrations of I131.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Surface emission rates for cats administered I131appeared useful in determining upper limits (threshold) of urine radioactivity and are a valid method to assess the time at which cats can be discharged after I131administration. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1242–1247)
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration in green iguanas (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Benson Keith G. , Tell Lisa A. , Young Lee A. , Wetzlich Scott , Craigmill Arthur L 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of
ceftiofur sodium after IM and SC administration in
green iguanas.

Animals—6 male and 4 female adult green iguanas.

Procedure—In a crossover design, 5 iguanas
received a single dose of ceftiofur sodium (5 mg/kg)
IM, and 5 iguanas received the same dose SC. Blood
samples were taken at 0, 20, and 40 minutes and 1,
2, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration. After
a 10-week washout period, each iguana was given the
same dose via the reciprocal administration route,
and blood was collected in the same fashion.
Ceftiofur free-acid equivalents were measured via
high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results—The first phase intercepts were significantly
different between the 2 administration routes.
Mean maximum plasma concentration was significantly
higher with the IM (28.6 ± 8.0 µg/mL) than the
SC (18.6 ± 8.3 µg/mL) administration route. There
were no significant differences between terminal halflives
(harmonic mean via IM route, 15.7 ± 4.7 hours;
harmonic mean via SC route, 19.7 ± 6.7 hours) and
mean areas under the curve measured to the last
time point (IM route, 11,722 ± 7,907 µg·h/mL; SC
route, 12,143 ± 9,633 µg·h/mL). Ceftiofur free-acid
equivalent concentrations were maintained ≥ 2 µg/mL
for > 24 hours via both routes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A suggested
dosing schedule for ceftiofur sodium in green iguanas
for microbes susceptible at > 2 µg/mL would be 5
mg/kg, IM or SC, every 24 hours. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1278–1282)
Phototoxic effects of 635-nm light on canine transitional cell carcinoma cells incubated with 5-aminolevulinic acid
Authors: Ridgway Tisha D. , Lucroy Michael D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells incubated in media containing 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) would produce sufficient protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light.Sample Population—Canine TCC cells (K9TCC).Procedure—Cultured K9TCC cells were exposed to graded doses of ALA, and PpIX concentrations were determined. Cells then were exposed to various doses of 635-nm light from a diode laser, and cell viability was assayed.Results—Production of PpIX was dependent on time and dose of ALA. The K9TCC cells incubated with ALA produced sufficient PpIX to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. Phototoxic effects were dependent on time and dose of ALA. Increasing laser power density and energy density decreased cell survival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—ALA is an effective photosensitizer for in vitro photodynamic treatment of K9TCC cells. Further studies are warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of ALA as a photosensitizer for use in treating dogs with TCC.Impact for Human Medicine—On the basis of this study, dogs with TCC may be useful in the development of protocols for ALA-based photodynamic therapy of humans affected with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:131–136)
Evaluation of the effects of penicillin G potassium and potassium chloride on the motility of the large intestine in horses
Authors: Roussel Allen J. , Hooper R. Neil , Cohen Noah D. , Bye Alicia D. , Hicks Russell J. , Schulze Joseph L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of IV administration of penicillin G potassium (KPEN) or potassium chloride (KCl) on defecation and myoelectric activity of the cecum and pelvic flexure of horses.Animals—5 healthy horses.Procedure—Horses with 12 bipolar electrodes on the cecum and pelvic flexure received KPEN or KCl solution by IV bolus 4 hours apart. Each horse received the following: 2 × 107U of KPEN (high-dose KPEN) followed by 34 mEq of KCl (high-dose KCl), 1 × 107U of KPEN (low-dose KPEN) followed by 17 mEq of KCl (low-dose KCl), high-dose KCl followed by high-dose KPEN, and low-dose KCl followed by low-dose KPEN. Number of defecations and myoelectric activity were recorded for 60 minutes. The first three 5-minute segments and first four 15-minute segments of myoelectric activity were analyzed.Results—Number of defecations during the first 15- minute segment was greater after high-dose KPEN treatment than after high-dose or low-dose KCl treatment. Compared with reference indexes, myoelectric activity was greater in the pelvic flexure for the first 5- minute segment after high-dose KCl treatment, in the cecum and pelvic flexure for the first 5-minute segment and in the pelvic flexure for the first 15-minute segment after low-dose KPEN treatment, and in the pelvic flexure for the first and second 5-minute segments and the first three 15-minute segments after high-dose KPEN treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV administration of KPEN stimulates defecation and myoelectric activity of the cecum and pelvic flexure in horses. Effects of KPEN may be beneficial during episodes of ileus. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1360–1363)
Endoscopic evaluation of the gastroduodenal mucosa to determine the safety of short-term concurrent administration of meloxicam and dexamethasone in healthy dogs
Authors: Boston Sarah E. , Moens Noël M. M. , Kruth Stephen A. , Southorn Erin P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the safety, with respect to the development of gastric ulcers and erosions, of concurrent administration of meloxicam and dexamethasone for 3 days to healthy dogs.Animals—20 conditioned purpose-bred research Beagles.Procedure—Seven days prior to treatment, dogs were anesthetized for endoscopic evaluation of the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract (ie, the gastric and duodenal mucosa). Five regions of the gastroduodenal area were scored by 2 investigators. Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups as follows: saline-saline, dexamethasonesaline, saline-meloxicam, and dexamethasone-meloxicam groups. On days 1, 2, and 3, dogs received either dexamethasone or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution injections SC twice daily. On days 2, 3, and 4, dogs received either meloxicam or saline solution injections SC once daily. On day 2, dogs were anesthetized for a sham surgery (ie, electrostimulation). On day 5, the gastroduodenal area of each dog was reevaluated by use of endoscopic evaluation and histologic examination of biopsy specimens.Results—The total endoscopic score of the dexamethasone- meloxicam group was significantly greater than the scores of the other groups. The dexamethasone- saline group had a mean cumulative score that was significantly greater than the saline-meloxicam or saline-saline groups. Endoscopic scores of the salinemeloxicam group were not significantly different from scores of the saline-saline group. No significant differences in histologic findings were found between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In healthy dogs, meloxicam appears to be safe with regard to adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Concurrent administration of dexamethasone and meloxicam is more likely to cause gastric erosions than meloxicam administration alone. (Am J Vet Res2003;63:1369–1375)
Detection of lameness and determination of the affected forelimb in horses by use of continuous wavelet transformation and neural network classification of kinematic data
Authors: Keegan Kevin G. , Arafat Samer , Skubic Marjorie , Wilson David A. , Kramer Joanne 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To investigate continuous wavelet transformation and neural network classification of gait data for detecting forelimb lameness in horses.Animals—12 adult horses with mild forelimb lameness.Procedure—Position of the head and right forelimb foot, metacarpophalangeal (ie, fetlock), carpal, and elbow joints was determined by use of kinematic analysis before and after palmar digital nerve blocks. We obtained 8 recordings from horses without lameness, 8 with right forelimb lameness, and 8 with left forelimb lameness. Vertical and horizontal position of the head and vertical position of the foot, fetlock, carpal, and elbow joints were processed by continuous wavelet transformation. Feature vectors were created from the transformed signals and a neural network trained with data from 6 horses, which was then tested on the remaining 2 horses for each category until each horse was used twice for training and testing. Correct classification percentage (CCP) was calculated for each combination of gait signals tested.Results—Wavelet-transformed vertical position of the head and right forelimb foot had greater CCP (85%) than untransformed data (21%). Adding data from the fetlock, carpal, or elbow joints did not improve CCP over that for the head and foot alone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Wavelet transformation of gait data extracts information that is important for the detection and differentiation of forelimb lameness of horses. All of the necessary information to detect lameness and differentiate the side of lameness can be obtained by observation of vertical head movement in concert with movement of the foot of 1 forelimb. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1376–1381)
Use of magnetic motor-evoked potentials in horses with bilateral hind limb ataxia
Authors: Nollet Heidi , Van Ham Luc , Verschooten Francis , Vanderstraeten Guy , Deprez Piet 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the usefulness of magnetic motor-evoked potentials (MMEPs) for assessing the integrity of the cervical, thoracic, and thoracolumbar spinal cord in horses with bilateral hind limb ataxia.Animals—9 horses and 1 donkey with bilateral hind limb ataxia of various degrees.Procedure—The motor cortex was stimulated magnetically, and MMEPs were recorded bilaterally from the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial muscles.Results—In 5 horses and 1 donkey, MMEPs with normal onset latencies and peak-to-peak amplitude were recorded from the extensor carpi radialis muscles, whereas abnormal onset latencies and peak-topeak amplitudes were recorded from the cranial tibial muscles. In these animals, a spinal cord lesion in the thoracic or thoracolumbar segments was suspected. In 4 horses, onset latencies and peak-topeak amplitude of MMEPs recorded from the extensor carpi radialis and cranial tibial muscles were abnormal. In these horses, a cervical spinal cord lesion was suspected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transcranial magnetic stimulation can be considered a valuable diagnostic tool for assessing the integrity of the spinal cord, and MMEPs may be used for differentiating thoracic or thoracolumbar spinal cord lesions from mild cervical spinal cord lesions that cause ataxia in the hind limbs only. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1382–1386)