bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Stick Injury in Forty‐One Dogs
Authors: DORAN IVAN P. , WRIGHT CAROL A. , MOORE ALASDAIR HOTSTON 
Published: December 2008

Objective— To report clinical findings, treatment, and outcome in dogs with acute (<7 days) oropharyngeal or esophageal stick injury.Study Design— Retrospective study.Animals— Dogs (n=41) with acute oropharyngeal or esophageal injury.Methods— Dogs had clinical and radiographic examination, and frequently, cervical surgical exploration. The decision to operate was based on radiographic findings of cervical emphysema. Outcome was determined by owner or veterinarian interview.Results— Of 41 dogs, 27 had oropharyngeal injury and 14 had esophageal injury. Five dogs with esophageal injury died. All dogs with radiographic evidence of cervical emphysema (n=34) had ventral median cervical exploration or necropsy; 11 had wood fragment(s) retrieved. In 7 dogs without radiographic signs of cervical emphysema, wounds involving the pharynx or soft palate were treated by local debridement and lavage using an oral approach. Mean follow‐up time was 36.4 months. All wounds healed without complication; however, 1 dog that was not surgically explored had a piece of wood surgically retrieved 3 months later.Conclusions— Radiographic evidence of cervical emphysema is a frequent finding in dogs with acute penetrating oropharyngeal or esophageal injury and indicates trauma to the deeper cervical tissues. Acute penetrating injury of the oropharyngeal region, when treated appropriately, has a better prognosis than acute esophageal penetration.Clinical Relevance— Ventral median cervical surgical exploration is recommended in dogs with acute penetrating injury of the oropharynx or esophagus if there is radiographic evidence of tissue emphysema.
Survival and Complications After Large Colon Resection and End‐to‐End Anastomosis for Strangulating Large Colon Volvulus in Seventy‐Three Horses
Authors: ELLIS CHRISTINA M. , LYNCH TIMOTHY M. , SLONE DONNIE E. , HUGHES FAITH E. , CLARK CAROL K. 
Published: December 2008

Objective—To report complications and survival after large colon resection and end‐to‐end anastomosis in horses with strangulating large colon volvulus.Study Design—Retrospective case series.Animals—Horses (n=73) with strangulating large colon volvulus.Methods—Records (January 1995 to December 2005) of horses that had large colon resection and anastomosis for strangulating large colon volvulus were reviewed for complications. Follow‐up data were obtained by telephone questionnaire at least 1 year postoperatively. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate association with survival time. Variables included admission date, age, temperature, heart rate, packed cell volume, total plasma protein concentration, white blood cell count, breed, and sex. Significance was set atP<.05.Results—The most common postoperative complication was diarrhea. None of the 9 variables of interest were significant for survival. Short‐term survival rate (to discharge) was 74%. Overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years postoperatively were 67.8%, 66.0%, and 63.5%, respectively. Four horses died of colic in the first year after surgery. All horses surviving long‐term (>1 year) returned to their intended use (37 brood mares, 2 racehorses, and 1 show horse) with no chronic problems related to the surgical procedure.Conclusion—None of the variables examined were associated with survival. Outcomes were similar to other large studies of surgical colic in the horse. Self‐limiting diarrhea is common after large colon resection and the prognosis for survival after hospital discharge is favorable.Clinical Relevance—Horses that survive the early postoperative period and are discharged after large colon resection and anastomosis have a good chance for long‐term survival with minimal negative impact on quality of life and use.
Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs with Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation and Urinary Bladder Dysfunction Managed by Manual Expression, Indwelling Catheterization or Intermittent Catheterization
Authors: BUBENIK LORETTA , HOSGOOD GISELLE 
Published: December 2008

Objective— To evaluate risk factors for lower urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) that had manual expression (ME), indwelling catheterization (IDC) or intermittent catheterization (ITC) for urinary bladder management.Study Design— Randomized‐clinical trial.Animals— Dogs (n=62) treated with urinary bladder dysfunction requiring surgery for IVDD and control dogs (n=30) that had surgery for reasons other than IVDD.Methods— Treated dogs were randomly assigned to ME, IDC, or ITC. Urine was collected for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing before and after treatment. Incidence and risk factors for UTI were evaluated. Bacterial isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns were described.Results— Mean (±SD) time to urination was significantly longer for IDC dogs (7.4±2.75 days) than ME dogs (4.2±2.63) and ITC dogs (4.9±3.12). Thirteen treated dogs (21%) and no control dogs developed UTI: 4/25 (16%) ME, 8/25 (32%) IDC, and 1/12 (8%) ITC. Enterobacter sp. was most frequently isolated (4/13; 31%). Duration of treatment was the only risk factor for UTI and each additional day of treatment increased the risk of UTI 1.5 times.Conclusion— For dogs with acute IVDD, the duration of required urinary bladder management establishes the risk of UTI, not the urinary bladder management technique.Clinical Relevance— Duration of treatment for urinary bladder dysfunction is a risk factor for UTI in dogs recovering from acute IVDD. Treatment for urinary bladder management should be limited where possible and no method of treatment is preferred. For dogs managed by IDC, voluntary urination might occur before clinically suspected.
Determining the Optimal Dose of Intravenous Fat Emulsion for the Treatment of Severe Verapamil Toxicity in a Rodent Model
Authors: Perez Eric , Bania Theodore C. , Medlej Kamal , Chu Jason 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives:  Recent animal studies have shown that intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) increases survival and hemodynamics in severe verapamil toxicity. However, the optimal dose of IFE is unknown. The primary objective was to determine the optimal dose of IFE based on survival in severe verapamil toxicity. Secondary objectives were to determine the effects on hemodynamic and metabolic parameters. The hypothesis was that there is a dose‐dependent effect of IFE on survival until a maximum dose is reached.Methods:  This was a controlled dose‐escalation study. Thirty male rats were anesthetized, ventilated, and instrumented to record mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). Verapamil toxicity was achieved by a constant infusion of 15 mg/kg/hr. After 5 minutes, a bolus of 20% IFE was given. Animals were divided into six groups based on differing doses of IFE. Arterial base excess (ABE) was measured every 30 minutes. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance.Results:  The mean survival time for each dose of IFE was 0 mL/kg = 34 minutes, 6.2 mL/kg = 58 minutes, 12.4 mL/kg = 63 minutes, 18.6 mL/kg = 143.8 minutes, 24.8 mL/kg = 125.6 minutes, and 37.6 mL/kg = 130 minutes. Post hoc testing determined that the 18.6 mL/kg dose resulted in the greatest survival when compared to other doses. It increased survival 107.2 minutes (p = 0.004), 91.2 minutes (p = 0.001), and 80.8 minutes (p = 0.023) when compared to the lower doses of 0, 6.2, and 12.4 mL/kg, respectively. There was no added benefit to survival for doses greater than 18.6 mL/kg. The secondary outcomes of HR, MAP, and ABE showed the most benefit with 24.8 mL/kg of IFE at both 30 and 60 minutes.Conclusions:  The greatest benefit to survival occurs with 18.6 mL/kg IFE, while the greatest benefit to HR, MAP, and BE occurs at 24.8 mL/kg IFE. The optimal dose for the treatment of severe verapamil toxicity in this murine model was 18.6 mL/kg.
Endothelial progenitor cells: identity defined?
Authors: Timmermans Frank , Plum Jean , Yöder Mervin C. , Ingram David A. , Vandekerckhove Bart , Case Jamie 
Published: December 2008

Introduction
The proof‐of‐concept in vivo: the cell, the read‐out and the animal model
EPCs defined in vitro: the achilles heel in EPC biology
Summary

AbstractIn the past decade, researchers have gained important insights on the role of bone marrow (BM)‐derived cells in adult neovascularization. A subset of BM‐derived cells, called endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), has been of particular interest, as these cells were suggested to home to sites of neovascularization and neoendothelialization and differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) in situ, a process referred to as postnatal vasculogenesis. Therefore, EPCs were proposed as a potential regenerative tool for treating human vascular disease and a possible target to restrict vessel growth in tumour pathology. However, conflicting results have been reported in the field, and the identification, characterization, and exact role of EPCs in vascular biology is still a subject of much discussion. The focus of this review is on the controversial issues in the field of EPCs which are related to the lack of a unique EPC marker, identification challenges related to the paucity of EPCs in the circulation, and the important phenotypical and functional overlap between EPCs, haematopoietic cells and mature ECs. We also discuss our recent findings on the origin of endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs), showing that this in vitro defined EC population does not originate from circulating CD133+ cells or CD45+ haematopoietic cells.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) transfection of human bone marrow stromal cells in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Wallmichrath J. , Stark G. B. , Kneser U. , Andree C. , Voigt M. , Horch R. E. , Schaefer D. J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of bone defects is gene therapy assisted bone tissue engineering using bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of primary hBMSCin vitro. hBMSC cultures were achieved by explantation culture of bone chips. Following exposure to 0–10 ng recombinant hEGF (rhEGF)/ml cell numbers were determined by automated cell counting and cell bound AP activity was measured spectrophotometrically. hBMSC were transfected with hEGF plasmids and the proliferative effect was studied by cocultivation of transfected and untreated cells using porous cell culture inserts. The persistence of hEGF expression even after cell transfer was studied by the generation of possibly osteogenic constructs introducing transfected hBMSC in fibrin glue and bovine cancellous bone. The maximum increase in proliferation (156 ± 7%) and AP activity (220 ± 34%) was detected after exposition to 10 ng rhEGF/ml. In the separation chamber assay transfected cells produced hEGF concentrations up to 3.6 ng/ml, which induced a mean proliferation increase of 93% which could be significantly inhibited by a neutralizing hEGF antibody. Further, EGF‐secretion of transfected hBMSC in 3D‐culture was verified. Recombinant and transgenic hEGF stimulate proliferation of primary hBMSCin vitro. Lipotransfection of hBMSC with hEGF plasmids allows the transient and site directed delivery of biologically active transgenic hEGF. The introduction of mitogenic, angiogenic and chemoattractive factors in gene therapy assisted bone tissue engineering is discussed by the example of EGF.
Granular parakeratosis – a clinical‐pathological correlation of 10 cases
Authors: Braun‐Falco Markus , Laaff Helmut 
Published: December 2008

Summary Background: Granular parakeratosis describes chronic skin lesions within the intertriginous areas that demonstrate microscopically parakeratosis together with retention of keratohyalin granules within a thickened stratum corneum. Granular parakeratosis is rarely diagnosed, since it is still relatively unknown within the differential diagnoses of intertriginous eruptions, and a skin biopsy is required for diagnosis. In order to gain insight into the clinical‐histopathologic correlation, we present 10 cases of granular parakeratosis. Methods: The files of the DermatoHistologisches Labor Dr. H. Laaff, Freiburg, were searched for the diagnosis of granular parakeratosis. Identified cases were evaluated for clinical information and histopathologic characteristics. Result: From 2004 to 2007 10 cases (7 women, 3 men) of granular parakeratosis were found corresponding to a frequency of 0.004%. The average age was 62 (33–82). In women lesions occurred in submammary region (4), axillae (2) and popliteal fossa; in men, groin (2) and genital region. Clinically two different patterns are recognized – lichen planus‐like red‐brown slightly hyperkeratotic or scaly papules, and larger plaques which are either bright red shiny or grey‐brown with lichenification. Histologically the typical granular parakeratosis was seen in a prominently thickened stratum corneum. It remains unclear whether granular parakeratosis is a disease entity or whether it reflects a reaction pattern to unknown stimuli.
Differing lung function development in infants with univentricular hearts compared with healthy infants
Authors: Matthews Iren Lindbak , Kaldestad Runa Helen , Bjørnstad Per G , Thaulow Erik , Grønn Morten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To compare the difference in lung function development of healthy controls and patients with univentricular hearts from birth prior to surgery and during the first year of life when cardiac shunt procedures and the cavopulmonary connection are required.Methods: Tidal flow‐volume measurements and single‐occlusion tests were performed from birth serially up to 18 months of age on 28 unsedated spontaneously breathing infants with univentricular hearts and 58 healthy control infants.Results: Infants with univentricular heart physiology had low tidal volumes, low compliance of the respiratory system and high respiratory rate at birth, which over time normalized, whereas the peak expiratory flow increased during the study period. The lung function measured at birth was predictive of later lung function measurements.Conclusion: The pattern of lung function development is different in the patients with univentricular hearts compared to healthy controls. Lung function measured at birth is predictive of later lung function.
Cerebral tissue oxygenation index and superior vena cava blood flow in the very low birth weight infant
Authors: Moran M , Miletin J , Pichova K , Dempsey EM 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Superior vena cava (SVC) flow assesses blood flow from the upper body, including the brain. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides information on brain perfusion and oxygenation.Aim: To assess the relationship between cerebral tissue oxygenation index (cTOI) and cardiac output measures in the very low birth weight (VLBW) infant in the first day of life.Methods: A prospective observational cohort study. Neonates with birth weight less than 1500 g (VLBW) were eligible for enrollment. Newborns with congenital heart disease, major congenital malformations and greater than Papile grade1 Intraventricular Haemorrhage on day 1 of life were excluded. Echocardiographic evaluation of SVC flow was performed in the first 24 h of life. Low SVC flow states were defined as a flow less than 40 mL/kg/min. cTOI was measured using NIRO 200 Hamamatsu.Results: Twenty‐seven VLBW neonates had both echocardiography and NIRS performed. The median (range) gestation was 29/40 (25 + 3 to 31 + 5 weeks) and median birth weight was 1.2 kg (0.57–1.48 kg). The mean (SD) TOI was 68.1 (7.9)%. The mean (SD) SVC flow was 70.36(39.5) mLs/kg/min. The correlation coefficient of cerebral tissue oxygenation and SVC flow was r = 0.53, p‐value 0.005. There was a poor correlation between right and left ventricular output and cTOI which is not surprising considering the influence of intra‐ and extracardiac shunts.Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between cerebral TOI values and SVC flow in the very low birth infant on day one of life.
Acoustic cry characteristics of infants exposed to methadone during pregnancy
Authors: Quick Zoe L , Robb Michael P , Woodward Lianne J 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: Infant cry characteristics reflect the neurological and medical status of the infant. This study compared the acoustic cry characteristics of infants born to mothers maintained on methadone during pregnancy with those of infants not exposed to methadone during pregnancy.Methods: At 42 weeks of post‐menstrual age, 89 crying episodes ranging in duration from 1.15 to 1.97 sec were collected from 10 methadone‐exposed (ME) and 10 non‐methadone‐exposed (NE) infants. Cry utterances were analysed acoustically using spectrographic displays and measures of cry utterance duration and fine‐grained analyses of the fundamental frequency calculated for each cry.Results: No between‐group differences were found on measures of cry duration or fundamental frequency. However, analyses of frequency perturbation showed that the cry utterances of ME infants were characterized by significantly higher levels of frequency perturbation than the cries of infants not exposed to methadone. These effects largely persisted after statistical control for the confounding effects of other maternal drug use during pregnancy.Conclusion: The crying behaviour of infants exposed prenatally to the synthetic opiate, methadone, is characterized by higher levels of vocal fold vibratory perturbation than NE infants. These findings suggest the possibility of early, subtle neurological vulnerability in this high‐risk group of infants.
Successful treatment of profound hypothermia of the newborn
Authors: Konopova P , Janota J , Termerova J , Burianova I , Paulova M , Zach J 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report a case of a profoundly hypothermic newborn with a core temperature of 25°C with a successful recovery and normal neurological outcome at 3 and 6 months. This term male infant had been exposed to a temperature of −3°C for approximately 30 min. Slow re‐warming, using external modalities was used in addition to volume expansion, heparinization, antibiotics and sedation. There is limited information available concerning the safest and most effective method of re‐warming hypothermic newborns. Slow re‐warming has been advocated as it replicates the normal physiological process in a neonate, which minimizes a negative therapy impact.Conclusion: The most significant decision regarding treatment is the identification of the most appropriate method and speed of re‐warming. This report supports recommendations for gradual re‐warming of a severely hypothermic newborn. Physiological cardiovascular mechanisms seemed to be intact during slow re‐warming; this might be applicable to the treatment of profound hypothermia of the newborn.
Final height in Swedish children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency enrolled in KIGS treated optimally with growth hormone
Authors: Westphal Otto , Lindberg Anders ,   On behalf of the Swedish KIGS National Board
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: To assess final height in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) treated with human recombinant growth hormone (GH).Methods: Final height data for 401 Swedish children with idiopathic GHD and treated with GH, included in KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database) between 1987 and spring 2006, were analysed retrospectively. Data were grouped according to sex, age and severity of GHD. Height at entry into KIGS, at the onset of puberty and near final height were analysed between groups.Results: Groups were heterogeneous for GHD, which ranged from partial to severe. For all groups, mean final height corrected for mid‐parental height was within the normal Swedish height range. In patients with severe GHD, mean final height was almost identical to mean normal Swedish height. About 16% of patients showed disproportionality (short legs) at final height and were significantly shorter than other patients. The parents of these children also demonstrated short stature.Conclusion: Children with idiopathic GHD receiving GH replacement therapy can achieve a final height that as a group is within the normal range and all achieve a height within their genetic potential.
Cognitive outcome in children and adolescents treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with chemotherapy only
Authors: Lofstad G Elisabeth , Reinfjell Trude , Hestad Knut , Diseth Trond H 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine cognitive outcome in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in remission, treated with central nervous system prophylactic chemotherapy only.Method: Thirty‐five children and adolescents, age 8.4–15.3 years in long‐term remission from ALL, 4.2–12.4 years post diagnosis, without relapse and no prediagnosis history of neurodevelopmental disorder were compared with 35 healthy controls matched for gender and age, on measures of intellectual functioning Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Third Edition (WISC‐III).Results: All but two of the ALL survivors treated by chemotherapy only obtained WISC‐III Total Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores in the normal range (M = 95.3), but their scores were significantly below levels for their matched controls and below normative standards for WISC‐III. The difference between patients and controls was significant at the p < 0.001 level for the following measures: Total IQ, Verbal IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, Freedom from Distraction Index and three verbal subtest scores.Conclusion: The results indicate long‐term sequelae in global cognitive functions, and indicate that verbal function, processing speed, attention and complex visual‐spatial problem solving may be affected in the chemotherapy only group.
Metabolic syndrome by the new IDF criteria in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents and its prediction by using body mass index
Authors: Kong Alice PS , Ko Gary TC , Ozaki Risa , Wong Gary WK , Tong Peter CY , Chan Juliana CN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAim: The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has recently proposed a new set of criteria to define metabolic syndrome (MES) in children and adolescents. We estimated the rate of MES by these new IDF criteria and investigated the use of body mass index (BMI) in predicting MES in Chinese adolescents.Methods: This is a cross‐sectional, population‐based study of 1616 Chinese adolescents. sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio were calculated to assess the accuracy in using BMI to predict the presence of MES.Results: In the study population, 48.6% were boys. The median age was 14.0 and 15.0 years for boys and girls respectively and the overall prevalence of MES was 1.2% (boys 1.5%; girls 0.8%). Using BMI ≥25 kg/m2, the sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio to predict MES were 100%, 85.0% and 6.7% respectively. The corresponding figures were 52.6%, 97.1% and 18.1%, respectively, using BMI ≥30 kg/m2.Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome was found in 1.2% of Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. BMI is a useful clinical tool to predict clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.