bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAM53B promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization
Authors: Pei Xuan-Zeng , Cai Min , Jiang Da-Wei , Chen Song-Hai , Wang Qing-Qing , Lu Hui-Min , Lu Yi-Fan 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Our study investigated the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanisms in promoting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) metastasis.
AIM
To further investigate the role of FAM53B in regulating macrophage M2 polarization and its potential mechanism in promoting PDAC metastasis. Our goal is to determine how FAM53B affects macrophage M2 polarization and to define its underlying mechanism in PDAC metastasis.
METHODS
Cell culture and various experiments, including protein analysis, immunohistochemistry, and animal model experiments, were conducted. We compared FAM53B expression between PDAC tissues and healthy tissues and assessed the correlation of FAM53B expression with clinical features. Our study analyzed the role of FAM53B in macrophage M2 polarization in vitro by examining the expression of relevant markers. Finally, we used a murine model to study the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms.
RESULTS
Our research showed that there was a significant increase in FAM53B levels in PDAC tissues, which was linked to adverse tumor features. Experimental findings indicated that FAM53B can enhance macrophage M2 polarization, leading to increased anti-inflammatory factor release. The results from the mouse model further supported the role of FAM53B in PDAC metastasis, as blocking FAM53B prevented tumor cell invasion and metastasis.
CONCLUSION
FAM53B promotes PDAC metastasis by regulating macrophage M2 polarization. This discovery could lead to the development of new strategies for treating PDAC. For example, interfering with the FAM53B signaling pathway may prevent cancer spread. Our research findings also provide important information for expanding our understanding of PDAC pathogenesis.
Prognosis value of heat-shock proteins in esophageal and esophagogastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nakamura Eric Toshiyuki , Park Amanda , Pereira Marina Alessandra , Kikawa Daniel , Tustumi Francisco 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that play an important role in cellular protection against stress events and have been reported to be overexpressed in many cancers. The prognostic significance of HSPs and their regulatory factors, such as heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and CHIP, are poorly understood.
AIM
To investigate the relationship between HSP expression and prognosis in esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations (PROSPERO: CRD42022370653), on Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and LILACS. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies of patients with esophagus or esophagogastric cancer were included. HSP-positive patients were compared with HSP-negative, and the endpoints analyzed were lymph node metastasis, tumor depth, distant metastasis, and overall survival (OS). HSPs were stratified according to the HSP family, and the summary risk difference (RD) was calculated using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
The final selection comprised 27 studies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (21), esophagogastric adenocarcinoma (5), and mixed neoplasms (1). The pooled sample size was 3465 patients. HSP40 and 60 were associated with a higher 3-year OS [HSP40: RD = 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.35; HSP60: RD = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.17-0.50], while HSF1 was associated with a poor 3-year OS (RD = -0.22; 95%CI: -0.32 to -0.12). The other HSP families were not associated with long-term survival. HSF1 was associated with a higher probability of lymph node metastasis (RD = -0.16; 95%CI: -0.29 to -0.04). HSP40 was associated with a lower probability of lymph node dissemination (RD = 0.18; 95%CI: 0.03-0.33). The expression of other HSP families was not significantly related to tumor depth and lymph node or distant metastasis.
CONCLUSION
The expression levels of certain families of HSP, such as HSP40 and 60 and HSF1, are associated with long-term survival and lymph node dissemination in patients with esophageal and esophagogastric cancer.
Хірургічне лікування реберних клапанів при торакальній травмі
Authors: Zarutskyi Ya. L. , Melnychenko O. O. 
Published: April 2024

Вступ. Нестабільність грудинно-реберного каркасу в структурі торакальної травми становить 8,4% випадків і, в основному, є наслідком закритих травм. Не зважаючи на постійне удосконалення методів діагностики, моніторингу, розвитку інтенсивної терапії кількість пізніх гнійно-септичних ускладнень та летальність лишалися на високому рівні і сягали 71,6% та 38,8% відповідно, що спонукало до пошуку нових методів хірургічного лікування.
Мета: покращити результати хірургічного лікування постраждалих з нестабільністю грудинно-реберного каркасу шляхом впровадження оригінальних методик фіксації реберних клапанів при торакальній травмі.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено дослідження з 2010 по 2023 рік на базі лікарні швидкої допомоги м. Київ та НВМКЦ «ГВКГ». При аналізі 1488 випадків торакальної травми виділено постраждалих з нестабільністю грудинно-реберного каркасу. Пацієнти були розподілені на дві підгрупи: основна (n=56), яким виконали хірургічну стабілізацію реберних клапанів та порівняння (n=67), яким такі операції не виконували. Середній вік пацієнтів основної групи становив (47,4 ± 13,1) років, порівняння ‒ (51,9 ± 15,8) років. Гендерний розподіл в групах був наступним: основна група 78,6 % чоловіки, 21,4 % жінки, група порівняння 77,6 % чоловіки і 22,4 % жінки.
Результати. Методику стабілізації грудинно-реберного каркасу у постраждалих вибирали індивідуально, в залежності від тяжкості травми. При вкрай тяжкій травмі стабілізацію виконували під час реалізації І чи ІІІ фази тактики контролю ушкоджень (DCS) відкритим або закритим методами чи після виведення пацієнта з шоку з переважним застосуванням екстраплевральних методик. В гострому періоді травматичної хвороби використовували виключно спицеві методики. Після виведення з шоку застосовували всі наявні методики (АЗФ, спиці, пластини, тощо). При тяжкій травмі використовували інтра- та екстраплевральні методики з переважанням останніх відкритим методом чи відеоасистовано. При нетяжкій травмі використовували будь-яку методику чи їх поєднання. Перевагу віддавали відтермінованим операціям під відеоторакоскопічним контролем.
Висновки. Методика стабілізації грудної клітки визначається індивідуально на підставі визначення тяжкості травми. Фіксація флотуючих сегментів дозволила зменшити тривалість стаціонарного лікування, тривалість ШВЛ, терміни перебування у ВРІТ, кількість пізніх гнійно-септичних ускладнень, загальну летальність.
Уроки повномасштабного вторгнення росії: ураження бойовими отруйними речовинами подразнювально-задушливої дії (власне клінічне спостереження)
Authors: Radchenko O. M. , Stadnik S. M. , Komarytsya O. J. , Fedyk O. V. 
Published: April 2024

Вступ. Станом на березень 2024 р. від початку року росія 346 разів застосовувала хімічну зброю проти українських військових. Проте, дисципліна «Військова терапія» у медичному університеті не встигає висвітлити особливості клініки та діагностики уражень подразнювально-задушливими бойовими отруйними речовинами (БОР).
Мета. Збільшити поінформованість щодо проявів уражень БОР подразливо-задушливої дії, які використовуються у сучасній війні росії проти України.
Матеріал та методи. Проведено огляд літератури за ключовими словами та наведено ілюстративний випадок.
Результати. Найчастіше застосовуються гранати К-51 з хлорпікрином, РГР з лакримантом о-хлоробензиліден малонітрілом (CS) та РГ-Во з іритантом хлорацетофеноном (CN). Ураження БОР подразнювально-задушливої дії переважно є зворотними, перебігають стадійно і впливають на органи зору та чуття, дихальну, травну, нервову та серцево-судинну систему, що потребує медичних втручань симптоматичного характеру. Клінічна ілюстрація показує випадок раптового розвитку негоспітальної пневмонії з множинним абсцедуванням, що може бути зумовлено «цитокіновим штормом» внаслідок дії БОР.
Висновки. Обсяг та географія використання БОР хлорпікрину, хлоробензиліден малонітрілу та хлорацетофенону російською армією у сучасній війні зростають. Ураження БОР подразнювально-задушливої дії переважно є зворотними, перебігають стадійно і впливають на органи зору та чуття, дихальну, травну, нервову та серцево-судинну систему, що потребує медичних втручань симптоматичного характеру. Особливістю клінічного випадку були відтерміновані прояви пошкодження легеневої тканини щодо дії БОР, множинність абсцедування, відсутність вираженої температурної реакції, досить швидке покращення щодо абсцесів, що дозволяє сформувати гіпотезу про зумовленість деструкції легеневої тканини у цьому випадку «цитокіновим штормом».
Usinas hidrelétricas, represas, aninhamento e fragilização do licenciamento ambiental e da escolha racional
Authors: Del Moral Hernandez Francisco 
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo pretende discutir, amparado em casos de referência, a possibilidade de discussão na esfera pública de temas relacionados aos processos de licenciamento ambiental de grandes projetos e seus desdobramentos na área de mineração e da construção de hidrelétricas de grande porte. Faz-se uma revisão de conceitos associados à da teoria da ação comunicativa e ampliação das discussões em espaços ampliados pela formação de redes e fóruns híbridos que se reúnem para discutir, analisar e propor ações relacionadas a problemas no licenciamento ambiental e a problemas decorrentes da implantação e operação de empreendimentos que tiveram licenciamento ambiental com déficits importantes nas análises e que redundaram em aninhamento de problemas, prototipando, nas fases iniciais de licenciamento, remediações futuras que se materializaram posteriormente. Foram selecionadas quatro experiências associadas à presença de hidrelétricas como exemplos de licenciamentos ambientais frágeis e fragilizados e com consequências ambientais profundas: O caso da usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, o caso da mineradora Belo Sun, o acidente industrial ampliado da Vale-Billiton (Bento Rodrigues/Mariana. MG) e a formação redes e fóruns-híbridos de análise, estudo e proposição decorrentes das situações-problema descritas neste artigo. Considera-se pertinente e útil o resultado dessas experiências no sentido de contribuição ao processo brasileiro de construção democrática e como espaço de construção de fóruns híbridos e atores-rede para a discussão das modificações propostas no licenciamento ambiental brasileiro evitando seu desfiguramento e fragilização.
Pseudovitelliform maculopathy associated with hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Vukojevic Ante , Vukojevic Marija , Jukic Tomislav , Petricek Igor , Mandic Kresimir , Vukojevic Nenad 
Published: April 2024

Background: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an inherited autosomal recessive iron metabolism disorder resulting from a C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. Mutations in the HFE gene may result in iron accumulation and oxidative stress in the retina, resulting in macular degeneration. This article describes two patients with HH who were treated with erythrocytapheresis or phlebotomy, with no exposure to deferoxamine or any other chelation therapy, and who developed visual symptoms.
Case Presentation: Both patients had known diagnoses of HH. Because of visual symptoms, they were referred to the ophthalmology clinic and underwent a retinal exam, multimodal imaging, and electrodiagnostic studies, which revealed structural and functional degeneration of the central macula. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and fundus autofluorescence revealed changes at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the central macula. In addition, optical coherence tomography revealed subfoveal accumulation of hyperreflective material at and below the RPE. Multifocal electroretinography confirmed a decreased cone response, whereas the full-field electroretinogram was unremarkable. Genetic testing ruled out Best’s vitelliform macular dystrophy and the other known hereditary macular dystrophies. The patients had known diagnoses of HH, homozygous C282Y mutations in the HFE gene, and no comorbidities; thus, we presumed that HH led to the observed morphological and functional disorders of the RPE, which in turn caused structural macular changes in both patients.
Conclusions: Considering the macular findings and the nature of the patients’ primary illness, we believe that the accumulation of iron and photoreceptor metabolic products caused dysfunction in the RPE, which led to morphological and functional changes in the macula. Because the patients were not treated using chelating agents, we attribute the macular changes solely to iron accumulation and oxidative stress caused by the pathophysiological processes of HH. Further studies are needed to identify the plausible molecular or cellular insults underlying pseudovitelliform macular degeneration in patients with HH.
Identifying episodic carbon monoxide emission events in the MOPITT measurement dataset
Authors: Jeffery Paul S. , Drummond James R. , Zou Jiansheng , Walker Kaley A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite has been measuring upwelling radiance in a nadir-viewing mode since March 2000. These radiance measurements are inverted to yield estimates of carbon monoxide (CO) profiles and total columns, providing the longest satellite record of this trace gas to date. The CO measurements from MOPITT have been used in a variety of ways, including trend analyses and the construction of CO budgets. However, their use is complicated by the influence of episodic emission events, which release large quantities of CO into the atmosphere with irregular timing, such as large sporadic wildfires of natural or anthropogenic origin. The chaotic nature of these events is a large source of variability in CO budgets and models, requiring that these events be well characterized in order to develop an improved understanding of the role they have in influencing tropospheric CO. This study describes the development of a multistep algorithm that is used to identify large episodic emission events using daily mean Level 2 (L2) MOPITT total column measurements gridded to a 0.5 by 0.5° spatial resolution. The core component of this procedure involves empirically determining the expectation density function (EDF) that describes the departure of daily-mean CO observations from the baseline behaviour of CO, as described by its periodic components and trends. The EDFs employed are not assumed to be symmetric but instead are constructed from a pair of superimposed normal distributions. Enhancement flag files are produced following this methodology, identifying the episodic events that show strong enhancement of CO outside of the range of expected CO behaviour and are now made available for the period 3 March 2000 to 31 July 2022. The distribution and frequency of these flagged measurements over this 22-year period are analyzed in order to illustrate the robustness of this method.
Characterization of stratospheric particle size distribution uncertainties using SAGE II and SAGE III/ISS extinction spectra
Authors: Knepp Travis N. , Kovilakam Mahesh , Thomason Larry , Miller Stephen J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. A new algorithm was developed to infer particle size distribution parameters from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) and SAGE III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) extinction spectra using a lookup table (LUT) approach. Here, the SAGE-based extinction ratios were matched to LUT values, and, using these matches, weighted statistics were calculated to infer the median particle size distribution values and higher-moment parameters as well as quantify the uncertainty in these estimates. This was carried out by solving for both single-mode and bimodal lognormal distributions. The work presented herein falls under two general headings: (1) a theoretical study was carried out to determine the accuracy of this methodology, and (2) the solution algorithm was applied to the SAGE II and SAGE III/ISS records with a brief case study analysis of the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption. This methodology was demonstrated to be ≈ 25 % accurate for mode radius and has a minor dependence on particle composition. While bimodal solutions were obtained from this algorithm, we provide a conclusive demonstration of how and why these estimates are inherently unstable using SAGE III/ISS extinction spectra alone. Finally, we demonstrated how the Hunga Tonga aerosol plume evolved in regard to both size and transport over 18 months after the 2022 Hunga Tonga eruption. The particle size distribution (PSD) estimates, higher-moment parameters, and uncertainties are new products within the SAGE III/ISS Level 2 (L2) products, are currently available for download, and will be merged into the main SAGE III/ISS release products in a subsequent L2 release.
G6-1.5K-SAI: a new Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) experiment integrating recent advances in solar radiation modification studies
Authors: Visioni Daniele , Robock Alan , Haywood Jim , Henry Matthew , Tilmes Simone , MacMartin Douglas G. , Kravitz Ben , Doherty Sarah J. , Moore John , Lennard Chris , Watanabe Shingo , Muri Helene , Niemeier Ulrike , Boucher Olivier , Syed Abu , Egbebiyi Temitope S. , Séférian Roland , Quaglia Ilaria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has proposed multiple model experiments during phases 5 and 6 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), with the latest set of model experiments proposed in 2015. With phase 7 of CMIP in preparation and with multiple efforts ongoing to better explore the potential space of outcomes for different solar radiation modifications (SRMs) both in terms of deployment strategies and scenarios and in terms of potential impacts, the GeoMIP community has identified the need to propose and conduct a new experiment that could serve as a bridge between past iterations and future CMIP7 experiments. Here we report the details of such a proposed experiment, named G6-1.5K-SAI, to be conducted with the current generation of scenarios and models from CMIP6 and clarify the reasoning behind many of the new choices introduced. Namely, compared to the CMIP6 GeoMIP scenario G6sulfur, we decided on (1) an intermediate emission scenario as a baseline (the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5), (2) a start date set in the future that includes both considerations for the likelihood of exceeding 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels and some considerations for a likely start date for an SRM implementation, and (3) a deployment strategy for stratospheric aerosol injection that does not inject in the tropical pipe in order to obtain a more latitudinally uniform aerosol distribution. We also offer more details regarding the preferred experiment length and number of ensemble members and include potential options for second-tier experiments that some modeling groups might want to run. The specifics of the proposed experiment will further allow for a more direct comparison between results obtained from CMIP6 models and those obtained from future scenarios for CMIP7.
Statistical appraisal of geothermal heat flow observations in the Arctic
Authors: Freienstein Judith , Szwillus Wolfgang , Wansing Agnes , Ebbing Jörg 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Geothermal heat flow is an important boundary condition for ice sheets, affecting, for example, basal melt rates, but for ice-covered regions, we only have sparse heat flow observations with partly high uncertainty of up to 30 m W m−2. In this study, we first investigate the agreement between such pointwise heat flow observations and solid Earth models, applying a 1D steady-state approach to perform a statistical analysis for the entire Arctic region. We find that most of the continental heat flow observations have a high reliability and agreement to solid Earth models, except a few data points, such as, for example, the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) point in central Greenland. For further testing, we perform a conditional simulation with focus on Greenland in which the local characteristics of heat flow structures can be considered. Simple kriging shows that including or excluding the less reliable NGRIP point has a large influence on the surrounding heat flow. The geostatistical analysis with the conditional simulation supports the assumption that NGRIP might not only be problematic for representing a regional feature but likely is an outlier. Basal melt estimates show that such a local spot of high heat flow results in local high basal melt rates but leads to less variation than existing geophysical models.
Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar
Authors: Khotimah Siti , Noor Triana Rosalina 
Published: April 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan peran kepala sekolah dalam implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar mengacu pada fungsi kepala sekolah sebagai educator, manajer, administrator, inovator, motivator, leader dan supervisor. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif studi kasus di SMP Negeri 2 Tangen, Jawa Tengah. Adapun teknik pengambilan data menggunakan teknik wawancara kepada kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah dan guru. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peran Kepala SMP Negeri 2 Tangen dalam implementasi kurikulum Merdeka Belajar tergolong sangat aktif. Pada peran sebagai educator, kepala sekolah memberikan bimbingan dan pemahaman kepada guru terkait pemahaman konsep merdeka belajar. Melalui fungsi sebagai manajer dan administrator, kepala sekolah harus mematikan pelaksanaan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar dikelola dengan baik dan mengacu pada suatu program yang sistematis dan terukur. Untuk peran sebagai inovator, motivator leader dan supervisor, kepala sekolah menciptakan dan mendorong ide-ide baru dan memberikan apresiasi manakala evaluasi kegiatan tersebut bisa berjalan baik dan membawa dampak positif bagi sekolah. Meskipun dalam implementasinya terdapat kendala, namun kepala sekolah responsif untuk mencarikan solusi permasalahan sehingga penerapan pembelajaran pada kurikulum merdeka belajar bisa berjalan efektif.
Impacts of clandestine sewage connections on drainage channels in Aracaju-SE
Authors: Cristine Gomes de Araujo Laline , Matheus dos Santos Mota Alan , Gomes da Silva Júnior Carlos , Caetano Vieira Zacarias 
Published: April 2024

Basic sanitation is extremely important for people's quality of life. However, various actions have a negative impact on sanitation in cities. Among these actions is the discharge of untreated sewage into drainage channels. Several drainage channels in the city of Aracaju-SE have been found to receive clandestine discharges of untreated sewage. Given the above, this article aims to carry out a literature review on the impacts caused by the discharge of untreated sewage into the drainage channels of Aracaju-SE. To carry out this work, the bibliographical research methodology was adopted, consisting of a review of the literature related to the theme of clandestine sewage connections in drainage channels and the various impacts generated by this action. The research used books, course conclusion papers, scientific articles, and other sources. The results show that in natura sewage discharges into drainage channels have negative impacts on public health, the environment, and the structures of the urban drainage system. It is concluded that investment in basic sanitation should be treated as a priority, as it is directly correlated with public health and environmental quality.