bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The position of the mayor in large council‐manager cities
Authors: Blodgett Terrell 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe changes that some large council‐manager cities have proposed for the mayoralty have significant implications for the leadership contributions of the council and the manager as well as the mayor. Mayors in council‐manager jurisdictions who seek an expanded role in the administration of city affairs should look instead toward the increasingly important leadership they can provide their communities in intergovernmental and regional affairs.
The mayor in small council‐manager municipalities: Are mayors to be seen and not heard?
Authors: Wheeland Craig M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe National Civic League's recent revision of the Model City Charter recognizes the leadership potential of the mayor's office under the council‐manager plan. The new charter reflects the work on leadership by James Svara, who has developed a model of the “facilitative” mayor applicable to council‐manager jurisdictions. In this study, Svara's model has been applied to four Pennsylvania municipalities. After an examination of the mayor's 1) formal position in the governmental structure, 2) information network. and 3) performance in each community, we conclude that the facilitative model is void provided the mayor is a regular voting member of council.
The role of the city manager in effectiveness team building
Authors: Banovetz James 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStructure does not assure successful governmental operations without careful attention to relationships within the city organization. The manager can neither be seen as simply the agent of the city council nor merely the director of administrative staff. The manager's success depends increasingly on his or her effectiveness as a team builder with council, personal staff, and department heads, who increasingly are graduate level, trained public administrators themselves.
Regional problem solving in the 1990s: Experimentation with local governance for the 21st century
Authors: Dodge William R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe federally mandated regional planning efforts and the consolidation proposals of the past three decades are being replaced by voluntary cooperation among governments and sectors through public‐private, “intercommunity partnerships.” Such partnerships solve problems through a systematic process based on identification of challenges, assessment of strengths and weaknesses, and the formulation of strategies for addressing regional challenges.
Drug czars: Rhetoric and reality the case of Florida
Authors: Bowman James S. , Debeaugrine James P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe drug problem begs a response from government, but solutions remain elusive. To forge a comprehensive effort, some jurisdictions have turned to “drug czars.” How effective is this office? Criteria to evaluate a czar include leadership effectiveness, service provision, funding acquisition, and political viability. Florida's drug czar, as well as alternative reform strategies, are analyzed using these factors. Based on this assessment, recommendations for change are made.
Is citizen participation consistent with effective political parties?
Authors: Eksterowicz Anthony J. , Cline Paul C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWithout significant and meaningful citizen participation, political parties will continue to decline in electoral influence. This prospect might be welcomed by many who question the ability of the current two‐party system to generate either viable candidates or effective policies. Adopt a multi‐party, parliamentary‐like system? The cure may be worse than the disease. A moderate and workable approach would be to build mechanisms for citizen involvement into the two‐party system.
Photochromism induced aggregate‐monomer interconversion and fluorescence switch of porphyrin with spiropyran
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Fan Meigong , Zhang Shuxiao , Yao Jiannian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA photo‐induced fluorescence switch based on a novel mechanism was provided by physically mixed TPPS (tetra (4‐phenylsulfonicacid) porphyrin) and SP (1‐(β‐carboxyethyl)‐3, 3‐dimethyl‐5′‐nitrospiro (indoline‐2, 2′ [2H‐1] benzopyran)). The ground state dipole moment of the open form (photomerocyanine, MC) is much larger than that of SP, thus it can induce the transformation of aggregated TPPS to its monomer, which is confirmed by UV–Vis absorption spectra, RLS spectra, and fluorescence lifetime. While TPPS aggregate has a fluorescence self‐quenching phenomenon, its fluorescence was greatly enhanced after the formation of monomer. When the mixture was exposed to visible light, MC decayed back to SP, and consequently, TPPS monomer aggregated again, which resulted in its fluorescence turn off. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochromism of dithiazolylethenes having pyridyl and N‐methylpyridinium groups
Authors: Irie Masahiro , Takami Shizuka 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDithiazolylethenes 1a and 2a having 4‐ or 3‐pyridyl groups and 3a having N‐methylpyridinium groups at thiazole rings were prepared and their photochromic performance was examined. Upon irradiation with 313 nm light the colorless acetonitrile solutions of 1a and 2a turned violet, which show the absorption maxima at 538 and 530 nm, respectively. The violet color is due to the closed‐ring isomers 1b and 2b. The violet color disappeared upon irradiation with visible light (λ > 480 nm). When the pyridine rings were converted to N‐methylpyridinium ions, the colorless acetonitrile solution of 3a turned blue (λmax = 596 nm) upon irradiation with 365 nm light. The absorption maximum of the closed‐ring isomer 3b showed a bathochromic shift as much as 58 nm relative to the maximum of 1b. In methanol 3a changed to green (λmax = 750 nm) upon irradiation with 365 nm light. It was suggested J‐aggregates of 3b are formed in methanol. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochromism of dihydroindolizines part VII: multiaddressable photophysical properties of new photochromic dihydroindolizines bearing substituted benzo[i]phenanthridine as a fluorescing moiety
Authors: Ahmed Saleh Abdel‐Mgeed 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSixteen benzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives 8a‐p were prepared via photocyclization of cis‐trans substituted 4‐styrylquinolines in low‐to‐moderate yields. The chemical structure of the photocyclized benzo[i]phenanthridine derivatives was unambiguously elucidated by means of both spectral and analytical tools. The photochromic (PC) dihydroindolizines (DHIs) 8a‐p based on benzo[i]phenanthridines were prepared in 19–57% yields via nucleophilic addition of benzo[i]phenanthridines 4a‐p to spirocyclopropenes 5. The 1D, 2D, NOESY NMR spectra, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis were used for characterization of the chemical structures of the newly synthesized DHIs 8a‐p. Developing and tuning of the photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds by substituents in the base part have been achieved. The absorption maxima (λmax) and the half‐lives (t1/2) of the colored zwitterionic forms 7a‐p were detected in all cases by flash‐photolysis measurements due to the fast 1,5‐electrocyclization back to the DHI system. Irradiation of DHI 8a‐p in'CH2Cl2 solution with polychromatic light leads to the formation of green to green–blue colored betaines 7a‐p after cooling with liquid nitrogen. The kinetics of the fast bleaching process of betaines 7a‐p to DHIs 8a‐p, studied by flash photolysis as well as low temperature FT‐UV/VIS, were found to take place in the millisecond range (432–2675 ms) in dichloromethane solution and fitted well a first‐order thermal back reaction. The fluorescence spectra as well as the fluorescence quantum yield were studied. Noticeable bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts in the emission spectra by changing the substituents in the base part were monitored. Interestingly, the photo‐fatigue resistance of some studied betaines 7a‐p showed a higher t30‐value than the standard one (dicyanopyridazine DHI). Large solvatochromic effects on the absorption maxima (λmax) as well as a substantial increase in the half‐lives (t1/2) with solvent polarity of betaines 7a‐p were also observed. The multiaddressable PC properties of DHIs 8a‐p will help these compounds to find applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Normally‐off GaN‐MISFET with well‐controlled threshold voltage
Authors: Kuraguchi Masahiko , Takada Yoshiharu , Suzuki Takashi , Hirose Mayumi , Tsuda Kunio , Saito Wataru , Saito Yasunobu , Omura Ichiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new device structure with four epitaxial layers and a recessed gate is proposed for normally‐off operation in GaN‐FETs. Employment of this structure makes it possible to control accurately the threshold voltage without accurate control of recess etching depth. The high breakdown voltage and the low on‐resistance of the fabricated devices are also reported. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanocomposite of SWNTs and SnO2 fabricated by soldering process for ammonia gas sensor application
Authors: Duc Hoa Nguyen , Van Quy Nguyen , Suk Cho You , Kim Dojin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe introduce a simple method to fabricate an ammonia gas sensor with a nanocomposite of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and SnO2. The nanocomposite showed a semiconducting property. With exposure to ammonia gas, the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite sensor increases rapidly. It was found that the sensor can detect the concentration of NH3 down to the 10 ppm level at room temperature. The sensor exhibited a fast response time of less than 100 s and good sensing response and recovery. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Percolation in two‐dimensional nanoparticle films from colloidal self‐assembly
Authors: Hsu Ching‐Ling , Chu Szu‐Ming , Wood Kiwi , Yang Yi‐Rong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate that the percolation threshold in a two‐dimensional disordered nanoparticle film constructed from colloidal self‐assembly is possible to be less than the classical value. A lattice gas model with Monte Carlo simulation is adopted to study the morphological self‐assembled patterns and the relevant percolations numerically. The non‐ohmic behaviour, which indicates Coulomb blockade in percolated paths, of disordered Au nanoparticle films was observed in our electrical transport measurements. By using polystyrene nanoparticles in different solvents (water and methanol), the effects of different interaction energies in colloids upon self‐assembly are examined and compared with simulated results. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The asymptotic number of labeled connected graphs with a given number of vertices and edges
Authors: Bender Edward A. , Canfield E. Rodney , McKay Brendan D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet c(n, q) be the number of connected labeled graphs with n vertices and q ≤ N = (2n) edges. Let x = q/n and k = q − n. We determine functions wk ˜ 1. a(x) and φ(x) such that c(n, q) ˜ wk(qN)enφ(x)+a(x) uniformly for all n and q ≥ n. If ϵ > 0 is fixed, n→ ∞ and 4q > (1 + ϵ)n log n, this formula simplifies to c(n, q) ˜ (Nq) exp(–ne−2q/n). on the other hand, if k = o(n1/2), this formula simplifies to c(n, n + k) ˜ 1/2 wk (3/π)1/2 (e/12k)k/2nn−(3k−1)/2.
Component behavior near the critical point of the random graph process
Authors: Łuczak Tomasz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe study the behavior of a random graph process (G(n, M))02n for M(n) = n/2 + s and ∣s∣3n−;2 → ∞. Among others we find the number of components in G(n, M) and estimate the number of vertices and edges in the kth largest component of G(n, M), for any natural number k, Moreover, it is shown that, with probability 1 –o(1), when M(n) = n/2 + s, s3n−2 →−∞, then during a random graph process in some step M1 > M a “new” largest component will emerge, whereas when s3n−2→∞, the largest component of G(n, M) remains largest until the very end of the process.
Asymptotic properties of labeled connected graphs
Authors: Bender Edward A. , Canfield E. Rodney , McKay Brendan D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe prove various properties of C(n, q), the set of n‐vertex q‐edge labeled connected graphs. The domain of validity of the asymptotic formula of Erdös and Rényi for |C(n, q)| is extended and the formula is seen to be the first term of an asymptotic expansion. The same is done for Wright's asymptotic formula. We study the number of edges in a random connected graph in the random edge model 𝒢n,p. For certain ranges of n and q, we determine the probability that a random edge (resp. vertex) of a random graph in C(n, q) is a bridge (resp. cut vertex). We also study the degrees of random vertices.
Ramsey properties of orientations of graphs
Authors: Brightwell G. R. , Kohayakawa Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA classical result of Rödl (in Graphs, Hypergraphs and Block Systems, 1976, pp. 211 to 220) says that for any acyclic digraph D there is a graph G = G(D) such that every acyclic orientation of G contains an induced copy of D. A recent result of Rödl and Winkler (SIAM J. Discrete Math., 2: 402–406, 1989) implies that there is such a graph G of order O(n3 (log n)2), where n = |D| is the order of D. Here we show by probabilistic means that almost every graph Gn of order [(4/9)n2n/2] has the property that every acyclic orientation of Gn contains an induced copy of every acyclic digraph on n vertices. We also show that the order of any such graph Gn has to be greater than (1/10)n2n/2. Thus our results are essentially best possible. Moreover, we show that there are Paley graphs of order O(n24n) having the property above. We also consider some problems raised by Cochand and Duchet (Irregularities of Partitions, Springer‐Verlag, Berlin, 1989, pp. 39–46.) on related topics. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Expectation transfer between branching processes and random trees
Authors: Gutjahr Walter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn approach for translating results on expected parameter values from subcritical Galton–Watson branching processes to simply generated random trees under the uniform model is outlined. As an auxiliary technique for asymptotic evaluations, we use Flajolet's and Odlyzko's transfer theorems. Some classical results on random trees are re‐derived by the mentioned approach, and some new results are presented. For example, the asymptotic behavior of linearly recursive tree parameters is described and the asymptotic probability of level k to contain exactly one node is determined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The instability time distribution behavior of slotted ALOHA
Authors: Drmota Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article deals with a quantification of the instability behavior of the slotted multiuser communication network system ALOHA. In (2) U. Schmid and the author could quantify the expected value E(Y) of the instability time Y = max (n: Xn = 0), where Xn denotes the backlog after n slots. Here it is shown that Y is approximately exponentially distributed. Moreover, uniform asymptotic expansions for ym = P[Y = m] and for the moments Mm = E(Ym) are given. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Connection reliabilities in stochastic acyclic networks
Authors: Gutjahr Walter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAcyclic networks are represented by rooted trees T from a given simply generated family ℱ. Let ℱn,p be the subset of ℱ containing all trees T with n nodes and p leaves. Assume that T is selected uniformly from ℱn,p and that each edge of t has probability q of failing. Let Zi = 1 if the path conecting the root of T to the ith leaf does not contain a failed edge, O otherwise. We investigate the stochastic process (Zi,…,Zp). Asympototic results, manly for the family of tary trees, are derived. As auxiliary results, a general rotation lemma for simple families of trees is given, and the (joint) asymptotic leaf height destributions in tary trees determined. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Balanced ordered trees
Authors: Kemp Rainer 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA 0‐balanced ordered three is an ordered tree all of whose root‐to‐leaf paths have the same length. In this article, we persent exact and asymptotic enumeration and distribution ersults for classes of 0‐balanced ordered trees with n nodes. These results enable us to compute various expected values of interesting parameters defined on these trees. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Random graphs and systems of linear equations in finite fields
Authors: Kolchin V. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor a T × n matrix A = ‖ aij‖ in GF(2) we define a hypergraph GA with n vertices and T hyperedges et = {j: atj = 1}, t = 1,…, T. Denote at = (atn),t= 1,…, T. A set of row numbers {t1,…,tm} is called a critical set if the sum of vectors at1 + …︁ + at m is the zero vector. In terms of hypergraph GA a critical set can be interpreted as a hypercycle. We can naturally definite the concept of independence for critical sets. Let s(A) be the maximal number of independent critical sets in A. The rank r(A) of the matrix A and s(A) are connected by the equality r(A) + s(A) = T. The total number of critical sets S(A) is equalt 2s(A) −1.Consider the folowing system of T random equations in GF(2):

where i1(t.…,i(t), i = 1,…,T are indepndent identically distributed random variables which take values 1,…., n with equal probabilities. Denote Ar, n, T the matrix of this system. We prove that the number S(Ar,n,T) of critical sets in Ar, n, T or hypercycles in GAr,n,T has a threshold property. Let n, T→∞ and T/n→ α. Then for any fixed integer r ⩾ 3 there exists a constant α, such that MS(Ar,n,T)→0 if α < αr, and MS(Ar,n,T)→∞if α > α αr. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An extension of 0‐1 laws
Authors: Lynch James F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet σ be a first‐order sentence about graphs. For n ϵ ω let nα, α ⩾ 0, be the edge probability for the random graph on n vertices, and let pr(σ, n) be the probability that the random graph on n vertices, satisfies σ. If σ and σ satisfy certain conditons then either pr(σ,n)∼βn−γ for some β > 0 and γ ⩾0, or pr(σ,i)=o(n−γ) for all γ, In particular, this holds for all γ and irrational α. The result has implications for rapidly mixing Markov chains whose stags are finite structures. If the stationary distribution is the same as the for random graphs with edg probability n−α, then the expected waiting time unitl σ holds (as a function of n) is either bounded above by a polynomial in n, or it grows faster than any polynomical. All these results easily extend to finite structures of any relational type. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Matchings in superpositions of (n, n)‐bipartite trees
Authors: Schmutz Eric 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPick two trees from among all “bipartite trees” with a fixed (n, n) two‐coloring. We estimate the probability that the superposition of these two trees contains a perfect matching. As n →∞, this probability approaches 1. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sequential evaluation of a medical diagnostic test with binary outcomes
Authors: Shu Y. , Liu A. , Li Z. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn a study evaluating a medical diagnostic test, human samples are valuable and often costly, therefore prime concerns require termination of the study if the test is evidently inefficient (or efficient) in diagnosis of diseases in order to keep the number of samples as low as possible. In this paper, we propose sequential designs to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test. One method allows early stopping if the sensitivity and specificity of a new medical test are both within the level of tolerance. Another method terminates the study if either the
sensitivity or the specificity is below the minimally acceptable level. The latter method minimizes the expected sample size when the test does not meet expectations on performance, and illustrates substantial advantage of having smaller expected sample sizes in various two‐stage designs compared to the sample sizes of single‐stage designs when a diagnostic test is not promising. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Über die Flügelschwingungen eines Hub‐ oder Tragschraubers beim Vorwärtsflug
Authors: Müller Wilhelm 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBeim Vorwärtsflug eines Trag‐ oder Hubschraubers treten entsprechend der periodischen Änderung der auf einen Schraubenflügel wirkenden Kräfte während eines Umlaufs Schwingungserscheinungen an den Flügeln auf, die durch eine trigonometrische Reihe dargestellt werden können. Es werden insbesondere die Schlagbewegungen senkrecht zur Schraubenebene und die damit verbundenen Schwenkbewegungen in dieser Ebene bis zu den Gliedern dritter Ordnung auch zahlenmäßig ermittelt.
Asymptotisches Verhalten der Zylinderfunktionen in Abhängigkeit vom komplexen Index
Authors: Beckmann Peter , Franz Walter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird für festes komplexes Argument untersucht, welche Sattelpunkte in den verschiedenen Gebieten der komplexen Indexebene das asymptotische Verhalten der Zylinderfunktionen bestimmen. Dadurch ergeben sich in der Indexebene Verzweigungsschnitte für die asymptotischen Darstellungen. Auf diesen liegen die Nullstellen.
Fehlerabschätzung für das Ritz‐Galerkin sche Verfahren bei Eigenwertproblemen
Authors: Bertram G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAufstellung unterer Schranken und asymptotischer Beziehungen für gewöhnliche Eigenwertprobleme der Eingliedklasse. Konvergenzbeweis für das Ritz‐Galerkinsche Verfahren.
Numerical Solution of Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Radok J. R. M. , Merril R. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMany transient physical processes are governed by differential equations which under sufficiently smooth conditions permit the evaluation of higher rates of change of the process variables from their space distributions. An explicit method, utilizing a finite number of such higher rates of change, is examined for the particular problem of one dimensional diffusion in a bounded region with radiation into the adjacent medium. Conditions of high order compatibility between the differential and corresponding difference equations are established and shown to ensure a high order truncation error. Satisfaction of the boundary conditions is achieved by a numerical analogue to the method of images, based on time derivatives of the boundary conditions. Numerical results for four problems are presented.
Mouvement d'un rotor asymétrique tournant dans les paliers élastiques d'une équilibreuse
Authors: Plainevaux J. E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEtude du mouvement d'un rotor asymétrique déséquilibré tournant dans les paliers flexibles d'une équilibreuse. Les équations linérisées du mouvement sont à coefficients périodiques. Détermination d'une solution approchée par une méthode de perturbation. Le mouvement est périodique, ne présentant que des harmoniques impairs. L'équation matricielle d'équilibrage n'est pas valable. Application aux différentes méthodes d'expression de la précision d'équilibrage.
Einseitig eingespannter Plattenstreifen mit Einzellast. „Alte Wege — neue Wege”︁
Authors: Weber C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEin unendlich langer Plattenstreifen sei an der einen Längsseite eingespannt, während die andere Längsseite ein freier Band ist. In einem Punkte zwischen beiden Längsseiten ist der Plattenstreifen durch die Kraft P belastet. Es wird eine Lösung abgeleitet, die durch Potentialfunktionen mit singulären Stellen ausgedrückt ist.
Zwei Lehrsätze in der Operatorenrechnung
Authors: Wasowski J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Ableitungsanfangswerte der gesuchten Oberfunktion angegeben. Diese Methode unterscheidet sich von der in der Literatur bekannten und vereinfacht die Berechnung. In dieser Arbeit ist auch gezeigt, wie man die Oberfunktionen der Gleichungen und der gesamten Gleichungssysteme finden kann, welche als Unterfunktionen gegeben sind. Es wird ebenfalls die Verbindung der Operatorenrechnung mit der klassischen Methode zur Auflösung der Differentialgleichungssysteme hergestellt.