bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the avocado thrips Scirtothrips perseae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: RUGMAN‐JONES P. F. , WEEKS A. R. , HODDLE M. S. , STOUTHAMER R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe recent invasion of California by avocado thrips, Scirtothrips perseae, has had a serious economic impact on the Californian avocado industry. Here we report the isolation and characterization of six microsatellite loci for S. perseae, four of which were highly polymorphic (number of observed alleles ranged from three to 13 and expected heterozygosity from 0.31 to 0.87). These markers will be used to investigate the invasion history and route of entry into California of S. perseae. Three of the six loci successfully amplified in other Scirtothrips and Neohydatothrips species.
Six polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Natterjack toad, Bufo calamita
Authors: ROGELL BJÖRN , GYLLENSTRAND NICLAS , HÖGLUND JACOB 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is a locally endangered anuran endemic to Europe. It has been used as a model organism in several ecological studies. When studying the genetic structure of marginalized populations of the species, there was a need to involve more loci in the study than those previously published. Here we present the development of six polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Natterjack. The loci will be used for studying population genetic structure and gene flow between populations.
Isolation of 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the North American red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus (Sciuridae, Rodentia), and their cross‐utility in other species
Authors: GUNN MELISSA R. , DAWSON DEBORAH A. , LEVISTON ANDREW , HARTNUP KATIE , DAVIS COREY S. , STROBECK CURTIS , SLATE JON , COLTMAN DAVID W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe isolated 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci to be used for pedigree analysis in a wild population of North American red squirrels, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. Allelic diversity and observed heterozygosity ranged from six to 13 and 0.39 to 0.89, respectively, in a sample of 93 individuals. Up to 13 sets of primers also amplify in other rodent species.
Microsatellite markers for Vaccinium from EST and genomic libraries
Authors: BOCHES P. S. , BASSIL N. V. , ROWLAND L. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present 30 microsatellite loci isolated from expressed sequence tag (EST) and genomic libraries in Vaccinium corymbosum L. Allele number per locus in 11 tetraploid and one diploid V. corymbosum accessions ranged from two to 15 (mean = 8.16) in 24 single‐locus simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Cross‐species amplification in a panel of 12 species representing nine sections ranged from 30 to 100% (mean = 83%).
Direct cloning of microsatellite loci from Cottus gobio through a simplified enrichment procedure
Authors: NOLTE ARNE W. , STEMSHORN KATHRYN C. , TAUTZ DIETHARD 
Published: March 2007

AbstractApplying a simplified enrichment procedure, we have isolated and characterized 177 microsatellite markers for Cottus gobio L., 1758 (Cottidae, Scorpaeniformes, Teleostei). In contrast to using specific probes for the enrichment, we use genomic DNAs of unrelated organisms for cross‐hybridization. This takes advantage of the fact that simple sequences are the only repetitive elements that are abundantly found in all eukaryotic genomes and that any genome usually contains all permutations of microsatellite motifs. This cross‐hybridization principle was employed to enrich genomic libraries of Cottus DNA to obtain a large number of nonredundant microsatellite markers without further screening procedures.
Geneland: a computer package for landscape genetics
Authors: GUILLOT GILLES , MORTIER FRÉDÉRIC , ESTOUP ARNAUD 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGeneland is a computer package that allows to make use of georeferenced individual multilocus genotypes for the inference of the number of populations and of the spatial location of genetic discontinuities between those populations. Main assumptions of the method are: (i) the number of populations is unknown and all values are considered a priori equally likely, (ii) populations are spread over areas given by a union of some polygons of unknown location in the spatial domain, (iii) Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is assumed within each population and (iv) allele frequencies in each population are unknown and treated as random variable either following the so‐called Dirichlet model or Falush model. Different algorithms implemented in Geneland to perform inferences are first briefly presented. Then major running steps and outputs (i.e. histogram of number of populations and map of posterior probabilities of population membership) are illustrated from the analysis of a simulated data set, which was also produced by Geneland.
A simple method to score single nucleotide polymorphisms based on allele‐specific PCR and primer‐induced fragment‐length variation
Authors: HANSSON BENGT , KAWABE AKIRA 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a simple protocol to genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which combines allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fragment‐length analysis. Three primers are used in the PCR: two allele‐specific forward primers with a length‐difference and one reverse primer. The forward primers induce a length‐difference between the SNP‐variants, which can be assessed with standard fragment‐length analyses. We designed primers for 21 SNPs, and codominance was achieved for 76% of these SNPs. An inexpensive and flexible laser‐detection scoring protocol can be achieved with multiplex scoring and by incorporating the M13(‐21) genotyping method.
Cross‐species comparison of microsatellite loci in the Culex pipiens complex and beyond
Authors: SMITH JULIE L. , KEYGHOBADI NUSHA , MATRONE MICHAEL A. , ESCHER RICHARD L. , FONSECA DINA M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the past, we have developed microsatellite loci from the two most common members of the Culex pipiens complex, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens. Here we describe seven additional loci and present an extensive survey of a panel of 20 loci across most of the species and subspecies in the complex as well as in morphologically related species. Because we observed a high degree of polymorphism in the flanking regions, we designed new primers and surveyed multiple populations. We present alternate primers and discuss the cross‐species usefulness of these Culex microsatellite loci in a phylogenetic context.
Characterization of microsatellite markers derived from sequence databases for the European flounder (Platichthys flesus)
Authors: CASAS L. , MARTÍNEZ P. , SÁNCHEZ L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe European flounder (Platichthys flesus; Pleuronectidae) is an important commercial fish species. Nevertheless, no microsatellites for this species have been published to date. The sequence of flounder genes present in the public database was searched for short tandem repeats. Out of 12 microsatellite pairs derived from Sequenced Databases, five amplified successfully with an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.43 to 0.75. The average allele number of these microsatellites was 4.8 per locus with a range between two and nine.
Extremely variable di‐ and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in Brazilian free‐tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis)
Authors: RUSSELL A. L. , TURMELLE A. S. , BROWN V. A. , McCRACKEN G. F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present three dinucleotide and six tetranucleotide microsatellite loci that were developed for the Brazilian free‐tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Ninety‐one individuals from two populations were scored at each locus, revealing extremely high levels of polymorphism (15–55 alleles per locus). These loci provide genetic markers for studying gene flow, migration and mating behaviour.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Schoenoplectus americanus (Cyperaceae)
Authors: BLUM MICHAEL J. , MCLACHLAN JASON S. , SAUNDERS COLIN J. , HERRICK JEFFREY D. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Schoenoplectus americanus is a model organism for studying ecological and ecosystem responses of salt marsh plant communities to global climate change. Here we characterize 16 microsatellite loci in S. americanus to facilitate studies on the genetic basis of phenotypic responses to changing climate conditions such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Most loci also amplified in the morphologically similar sister species, Schoenoplectus pungens. Five loci exhibited species‐specific alleles or distinct allelic size distributions that discriminate S. americanus from S. pungens.
Investor Reaction to Celebrity Analysts: The Case of Earnings Forecast Revisions
Authors: BONNER SARAH E. , HUGON ARTUR , WALTHER BEVERLY R. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTWe examine the effects of analysts' celebrity on investor reaction to earnings forecast revisions. We measure celebrity as the quantity of media coverage analysts receive in sources included in the Dow Jones Interactive database, and find that media coverage is positively related to investor reaction to forecast revisions. The effect of celebrity on the reaction to forecast revisions remains significant after controlling for forecast performance variables examined in prior studies (ex post forecast accuracy, ex ante accuracy, award status, and other variables shown to be related to forecast accuracy). While these results are consistent with the familiarity of the analyst's name affecting the market reaction, we cannot rule out that our measure of celebrity is correlated with error in the performance measures we examine and/or correlated with other unexamined dimensions of forecast performance. A content analysis of a random subsample of the media coverage of our sample analysts suggests that our findings likely are not due to the increased availability of forecast revisions. Finally, an investigation of the excess returns around the quarterly earnings announcement date suggests that market participants react too strongly to forecast revisions issued by analysts with high levels of media coverage. Taken together, these findings suggest that an analyst's level of media coverage can affect the initial market reaction to his forecast revisions.
The Tokugawa Bureaucracy and Urban Crises: A Revival of the Humanist Traditions of China and Japan in Ogyu Sorai's Political Writings
Authors: Sato Yasuko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOgyu Sorai (1666–1728) is a Japanese Confucian scholar who formulated his political philosophy, honoring the benevolent Way of the ancient Chinese Sages. It was his firm conviction that the task of government is to bring peace to the people. This humanistic concern was indeed central to classical Confucianism before the rise of a bureaucratic empire like the Qin (221–206bce). How then is it possible to account for this lofty idealization of early Chinese Confucianism and its relevance to Tokugawa Japan (1600–1868)? This paper explores how Sorai's pursuit of Chinese antiquity was pitted against Tokvgawa bureaucratic control in the Edo metropolis and how he celebrated the centrality of great human beings to the promotion of popular welfare. In this view, the institution of soceity rests ultimately on political personalities who govern the land virtuously, and not on enforcement of order by punishments. It is worth noting, however, that Sorai did not articulate this humanist position merely as a Sinologist. In his mind, the Confucian values of humane rulership and interpersonal and social ethics were conflated with the samurai ideals prior to the establishment of the centralized Tokugawa power structure. He was well acquainted with the mental prowess of Japan's military lords and with their commitment to the primacy of human potentialities in both the military and civil arts. Theoretically, the ideal drawn from the way of antiquity is decentralized rule, as samurai rulers were originally lords of their fiefs. The construction of a human order in autonomous regions is what Sorai considered to be essential to realizing a society where the people can enjoy peace and tranquility.
Joint Impacts of Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Beer Taxes on US Youth Traffic Fatalities, 1975 to 2001
Authors: Ponicki William R. , Gruenewald Paul J. , LaScala Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2007

Background:There is a considerable body of prior research indicating that a number of public policies that limit alcohol availability affect youth traffic fatalities. These limitations can be economic (e.g., beverage taxation), physical (e.g., numbers or operating hours of alcohol outlets), or demographic (e.g., minimum legal drinking age). The estimated impacts of these policies differ widely across studies. A full‐price theoretical approach suggests that people weigh the benefits of drinking against the sum of all the associated costs, including the price of the beverages themselves plus the difficulty of obtaining them and any additional risks of injury or punishment related to their use. This study tested one prediction of this model, namely that the impact from changing one availability‐related cost depends on the level of other components of full cost.Methods:The current analyses concentrate on 2 forms of limitations on availability that have been shown to affect youth traffic fatalities: minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws and beer taxes. The interdependence between the impacts of MLDA and taxes is investigated using a panel of 48 US states over the period 1975 to 2001. All age‐group–specific models control for numerous other variables previously shown to affect vehicle fatalities, as well as fixed effects to account for unexplained crosssectional and time‐series variation.Results:The analyses showed that raising either MLDA or beer taxes in isolation led to fewer youth traffic fatalities. As expected, a given change in MLDA causes a larger proportional change in fatalities when beer taxes are low than when they are high.Conclusions:These findings suggest that a community's expected benefit from a proposed limitation on alcohol availability depends on its current regulatory environment. Specifically, communities with relatively strong existing policies might expect smaller impacts than suggested by prior research, while places with weak current regulations might expect larger benefits from the same policy initiative.
Antisocial Behavioral Syndromes and DSM‐IV Alcohol Use Disorders: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Authors: Goldstein Risë B. , Dawson Deborah A. , Saha Tulshi D. , Ruan W. June , Compton Wilson M. , Grant Bridget F. 
Published: March 2007

Background: Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), syndromal adult antisocial behavior (AABS) without conduct disorder (CD) before age 15, and CD without progression to ASPD (“CD only”) are highly prevalent among adults with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Among patients in AUD treatment, antisocial behavioral syndromes are associated with more severe AUDs and poorer treatment outcomes. Comparative data concerning associations of antisocial syndromes with clinical characteristics of AUDs and the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of these syndromes among general population adults with AUDs have not previously been available. This study examines prevalences and correlates of antisocial syndromes among adults with lifetime Diagnostic and Statistical Manual—Version IV (DSM‐IV) AUDs, and describes associations of these syndromes with clinical characteristics of AUDs, in the general U.S. population.Methods: This report is based on the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n=43,093, response rate=81%). Respondents (n=11,843) with lifetime AUDs were classified according to whether they met criteria for ASPD, AABS, “CD only,” or no antisocial syndrome. Correlates of antisocial syndromes were examined using contingency table approaches and normal theory analyses of variance. Associations of antisocial syndromes with clinical characteristics of AUDs, including number of lifetime episodes, duration of longest or only episode, and alcohol consumption during period of heaviest drinking were examined using normal theory and logistic regression.Results: Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of antisocial syndromes among respondents with AUDs were consistent with results from prior studies. Antisocial syndromes were significantly associated with phenomenology of AUDs, particularly ASPD with the most severe clinical presentations. Associations with AABS were similar to but more modest than those with ASPD; those with “CD only” were weaker and less consistent. Patterns of associations between antisocial syndromes and clinical characteristics of AUDs were generally similar between men and women.Conclusions: Antisocial syndromes, particularly ASPD, appear to identify a more pernicious clinical profile of AUDs among adults in the general U.S. population.
Chronic Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence Increases Basal Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens Septi During Adulthood
Authors: Badanich Kimberly A. , Maldonado Antoniette M. , Kirstein Cheryl L. 
Published: March 2007

Background:In humans, adolescent exposure to alcohol is associated with the onset of adult alcohol dependency and suggests that early use potentiates vulnerability to addiction. The aim of the present study was to address whether chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence would alter nucleus accumbens septi (NAcc) dopamine (DA) levels in the adult brain.Methods:Rats were injected daily from postnatal day (PND) 30 to 50 with either 0.75 g/kg/i.p. ethanol or saline followed by an ethanol‐abstinent period from PND 51 to 65. Changes in extracellular DA levels in the anterior NAcc shell were measured via the no net flux (NNF) paradigm.Results:Extracellular DA levels were greater in rats chronically treated with ethanol during adolescence (6.5 nM DA) in comparison with saline‐exposed controls (3.6 nM DA). There were no differences in extraction fraction (Ed), an indirect measure of DA reuptake, between ethanol‐treated (87%) and nontreated (68%) rats.Conclusions:Together these findings suggest that changes in extracellular DA may be an underlying physiological mechanism in adolescent vulnerability to the rewarding properties of ethanol.
Post‐Shock Synchronized Pacing in Isolated Rabbit Left Ventricle: Evaluation of a Novel Defibrillation Strategy
Authors: TANG LIANG , HWANG GYO‐SEUNG , SONG JUAN , CHEN PENG‐SHENG , LIN SHIEN‐FONG 
Published: March 2007

Introduction: A failed near‐threshold defibrillation shock is followed by an isoelectric window (IEW) and rapid repetitive responses that reinitiate ventricular fibrillation (VF). We hypothesized that properly timed (synchronized) postshock pacing stimuli (SyncP) may capture the recovered tissues during the repetitive responses and prevent postshock reinitiation of VF, resulting in improved defibrillation efficacy. Methods and Results: We explored the effect of postshock SyncP on defibrillation efficacy in isolated rabbit hearts (n = 12). Optical recording‐guided real‐time detection and electrical stimulation (5 mA) of recovered tissues in anterior/posterior left ventricle (LV) were performed following IEW. The IEW duration was found to be 69 ± 13 ms. With the same shock strength, successful and failed defibrillation episodes were associated with 50% and 15% of the myocardium, respectively, captured by the SyncP (P < 0.001). Electrical stimulation from the posterior LV resulted in 75% of episodes capturing myocardium, as compared with anterior LV stimulation (55%; P < 0.01) and higher successful defibrillation rate (14%, posterior vs. 3%, anterior LV). The overall success in terminating VF by postshock SyncP was approximately 10%. The causes for failed myocardium capture by postshock SyncP included lack of IEW after low‐strength shock (42.9%), incorrect locations of reference site (25.7%) and pacing electrodes (17.9%), and others, such as wave breakthroughs (13.5%). Conclusion: Postshock SyncP was feasible and the larger the myocardium captured area, the more likely was the successful defibrillation. Postshock SyncP delivered to the posterior LV was more effective than anterior LV to terminate VF.
Neoplastic circulating endothelial‐like cells in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Rigolin Gian Matteo , Mauro Endri , Ciccone Maria , Fraulini Chiara , Sofritti Olga , Castoldi Gianluigi , Cuneo Antonio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that angiogenesis may play a key role in the pathogenesis of leukaemic disorders. Several studies have shown that bone marrow‐derived endothelial cells (EC) may contribute to tumour angiogenesis and that in the peripheral blood of cancer patients there is an increased amount of circulating ECs (CECs) that may participate to new vessel formation. In this report, we showed that, in seven acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with known cytogenetic abnormalities, CEC levels were significantly increased in comparison with controls and that a significant proportion of these CECs carried the same chromosomal aberration as blast cells (20–78%, mean value 42.1% of CECs). Most of CECs (mean value 74.4%) displayed immunophenotypic features of endothelial progenitor cells as they expressed CD133, a marker gradually lost during EC differentiation and absent on mature EC. These findings suggest a possible direct contribution of AML‐related CECs to tumour vasculogenesis and possibly to the spreading and progression of the disease.
Retrospective nationwide survey of Japanese patients with transfusion‐dependent MDS and aplastic anemia highlights the negative impact of iron overload on morbidity/mortality
Authors: Takatoku Masaaki , Uchiyama Takashi , Okamoto Shinichiro , Kanakura Yuzuru , Sawada Kenichi , Tomonaga Masao , Nakao Shinji , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Harada Mine , Murate Takashi , Ozawa Keiya ,   the Japanese National Research Group on Idiopathic Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective:  Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and aplastic anemia (AA) are the most common anemias that require transfusion therapy in Japan. This retrospective survey investigated relationships between iron overload, chelation practices, and morbidity/mortality in patients with these diseases.Method:  Medical histories of transfusion‐dependent patients were assessed at transfusion onset, chelation onset, and study end.Results:  Data were collected from 292 patients with MDS, AA, pure red cell aplasia, myelofibrosis, and other conditions. Patients received a mean of 61.5 red blood cell units during the previous year. Fewer than half (43%) of patients had previously received deferoxamine (DFO) therapy. Only 8.6% received daily/continuous DFO. In all, 75 deaths were reported, with cardiac and liver failure noted in 24.0 and 6.7% of cases. Of these, 97% had ferritin levels >1000 ng/mL. Abnormal cardiac and liver function was observed in 21.9% (14/64) and 84.6% (11/13) of all patients assessed. Effective chelation with DFO resulted in improved serum ferritin, liver enzymes, and fasting blood sugar.Conclusions:  Mortality is higher in heavily iron‐overloaded patients, with liver and cardiac dysfunction being the primary cause. Daily/continuous chelation therapy was effective at reducing iron burden and improving organ function. Chelation therapy should be initiated once serum ferritin levels exceed 1000 ng/mL.