bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia: results of a prospective study
Authors: Bailer J. , Bräuer W. , Rey E.‐R. 
Published: August 2007

Bailer J, Bräuer W, Rey E‐R. Premorbid adjustment as predictor of outcome in schizophrenia: results of a prospective study.Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996: 93: 368–377. © Munksgaard 1996.The present prospective follow‐up study of 163 schizophrenic patients admitted to hospital for the first time examined the relationship between premorbid adjustment and different measures of the 3‐year course and outcome. The same instruments had been used in all phases of the study. The Premorbid Adjustment Scale was used to assess premorbid social functioning. Outcome measures were positive symptoms, negative symptoms, social disability and number of rehospitalizations. The results of the multiple regression analyses showed that premorbid adjustment was the strongest overall predictor of outcome. Premorbid adjustment was significantly associated with negative symptoms and social disability over the 3‐year course of illness. In a further step, we examined the relationship between good, moderate and poor premorbid adjustment and the course of positive symptoms, negative symptoms and social disability within the first 3 years after index admission. The most important finding was that premorbid functioning showed a stronger correlation with the course of negative symptoms and social disability than with the course of positive symptoms. Poor premorbid social functioning implies a poor social course of the illness. Female subjects showed better premorbid functioning than male subjects. Good premorbid adjustment was strongly associated with an acute onset of the illness, and poor premorbid adjustment with an insidious onset.
Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Approach for Nanoelectromechanical
Systems: Nanofluidics and Its Applications
Authors: Sean Kim Changsung 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been performed to provide the basic knowledge of nanofluidics and its applications at the molecular level. A nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) code was developed and verified by comparing a micro Poiseuille flow with the classical Navier–Stokes solution with nonslip wall boundary conditions. Liquid argon fluids in a platinum nanotube were simulated to characterize the homogeneous fluid system. Also, positively charged particles were mixed with solvent particles to study the non-Newtonian behavior of the heterogeneous fluid. At equilibration state, the macroscopic parameters were calculated using the statistical calculation. As an application of MD simulation, the nanojetting mechanism was identified by simulating the full process of droplet ejection, breakup, wetting on the surface, and natural drying. For an electrowetting phenomenon, a fluid droplet with positive charges moving on the ultrathin film with negative charges was simulated and then compared to the macroscopic experiments. A conceptual nanopumping system using the electrowetting phenomenon was also simulated to prove its feasibility. The molecular dynamics code developed here showed its potential applicability to the novel concept design of nano- and microelectromechanical systems.
Monoclonal Antibody to Fungal Glucosylceramide Protects Mice against LethalCryptococcus neoformansInfection
Authors: Rodrigues Marcio L. , Shi Li , Barreto-Bergter Eliana , Nimrichter Leonardo , Farias Sandra E. , Rodrigues Elaine G. , Travassos Luiz R. , Nosanchuk Joshua D. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTGlucosylceramides (GlcCer) are involved in the regulation ofCryptococcus neoformansvirulence. In the present study, we demonstrate that passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody to GlcCer significantly reduces host inflammation and prolongs the survival of mice lethally infected withC. neoformans, revealing a potential therapeutic strategy to control cryptococcosis.
Partial Protection against
Brucella
Infection in Mice by Immunization with Nonpathogenic Alphaproteobacteria
Authors: Delpino M. Victoria , Estein Silvia M. , Fossati Carlos A. , Baldi Pablo C. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Previous findings indicate that
Brucella
antigens and those from nonpathogenic alphaproteobacteria (NPAP) are cross-recognized by the immune system. We hypothesized that immunization with NPAP would protect mice from
Brucella
infection. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with heat-killed
Ochrobactrum anthropi
,
Sinorhizobium meliloti
,
Mesorhizobium loti
,
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
, or
Brucella melitensis
H38 (standard positive control) before intravenous challenge with
Brucella abortus
2308. Cross-reacting serum antibodies against
Brucella
antigens were detected at the moment of challenge in all NPAP-immunized mice. Thirty days after
B. abortus
challenge, splenic CFU counts were significantly lower in mice immunized with
O. anthropi
,
M. loti
, and
B. melitensis
H38 than in the phosphate-buffered saline controls (protection levels were 0.80, 0.66, and 1.99 log units, respectively). In mice immunized intraperitoneally with cytosoluble extracts from NPAP or
Brucella abortus
, protection levels were 1.58 for the latter, 0.63 for
O. anthropi
, and 0.40 for
M. loti
. To test whether the use of live NPAP would increase protection further, mice were both immunized and challenged by the oral route. Immunization with NPAP induced a significant increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), but not serum or fecal IgA, against
Brucella
antigens. After challenge, anti-
Brucella
IgA increased significantly in the sera and feces of mice orally immunized with
O. anthropi
. For all NPAP, protection levels were higher than those obtained with systemic immunizations but were lower than those obtained by oral immunization with heat-killed
B. abortus
. These results show that immunization with NPAP, especially
O. anthropi
, confers partial protection against
Brucella
challenge. However, such protection is lower than that conferred by immunization with whole
Brucella
or its cytosoluble fraction.
Reevaluating the Serotype II Capsular Locus of
Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Martins E. R. , Melo-Cristino J. , Ramirez M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
We report a novel sequence of the serotype II capsular locus of group B streptococcus that resolves inconsistencies among the results of various groups and the sequence in GenBank. This locus was found in diverse lineages and presents genes consistent with the complete synthesis of the type II polysaccharide.
The Transcription Profile of the
Bocavirus
Bovine Parvovirus Is Unlike Those of Previously Characterized Parvoviruses
Authors: Qiu Jianming , Cheng Fang , Johnson F. Brent , Pintel David 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The
Bocavirus
bovine parvovirus generated a single pre-mRNA from a promoter at its left-hand end; however, the pattern of its alternative polyadenylation and splicing was different from that of other parvoviruses. A large left-hand-end open reading frame (ORF) encoded a nonstructural protein of approximately 95 kDa. An abundant, spliced, internally polyadenylated transcript encoded the viral NP1 protein from an ORF in the center of the genome. Transcripts encoding the capsid proteins were polyadenylated in the right-hand terminal palindrome. This is the first published transcription map of a member of the
Bocavirus
genus of the
Parvovirinae
.
A Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Line Supports Efficient Measles Virus Growth and Syncytium Formation via a SLAM- and CD46-Independent Mechanism
Authors: Takeda Makoto , Tahara Maino , Hashiguchi Takao , Sato Takeshi A. , Jinnouchi Fumiaki , Ueki Shoko , Ohno Shinji , Yanagi Yusuke 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTMeasles virus (MV) propagates mainly in lymphoid organs throughout the body and produces syncytia by using signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) as a receptor. MV also spreads in SLAM-negative epithelial tissues by unknown mechanisms. Ubiquitously expressed CD46 functions as another receptor for vaccine strains of MV but not for wild-type strains. We here show that MV grows and produces syncytia efficiently in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line via a SLAM- and CD46-independent mechanism using a novel receptor-binding site on the hemagglutinin protein. This infection model could advance our understanding of MV infection of SLAM-negative epithelial cells and tissues.
Paul Sérusier: Art and Theosophy
Authors: Davenport Nancy 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe art of Paul Sérusier and that of his artist friends has been interpreted in this essay as having its roots in the Theosophical themes prevalent in an interdependent circle of authors and spiritualists in 18th and 19th century France. These mystical thinkers were less concerned with the writings and indomitable presence of the acknowledged leading light of Theosophy Helena Petrovna Blavatsky than with a more specifically French national yearning for its imagined Celtic and traditionally Roman Catholic roots, smothered, in their view, by secular and materialistic modern sensibilities. Theosophy, “the essence of all doctrines, the inmost truth of all religions” as defined by the doyenne of French Theosophy Maria, Countess of Caithness and Duchess of Medina-Pomar, led Sérusier to seek elemental truth for his art in a remote inland village in Brittany where he painted for many years, to a Benedictine monastery on the Danube where formerly Nazarene artist/monks had created a system of drawing and painting believed to be based on the original design of the universe, and to the widely read text Les Grands Initiés (1899) by the mystic writer, Edouard Schuré. Sérusier's broad-reaching search for the Theosophical roots of art was one aspect of the fin de siècle malaise that led the arts out of the world into dreams.
Legal science and law in Late Antiquity Gaul and Africa
Authors: Sirks A.J.B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLiebs has treated of legal science in Late Antiquity in two books, one on Africa, the other, recently reedited, on Gaul. As a result of his method we dispose now of valuable displays of the status quo, indicating that the level of jurisprudence was still acceptable; although regarding the Pseudopauline Sentences it is still unclear from which sources the author drew. Weßel, a pupil of Liebs', has analysed in detail the Tablettes Albertini, purchase deeds of land in Africa under the Vandal kings. In many cases he could refute the speculation by Saumagne (the first editor of these texts). Despite Weßel's contention, the farmers of Tuletanios cannot be identified with the coloni adscripticii of the 4th and 5th century, nor the conductores of the culturae mancianae of the 2nd century AD with the emphyteuticarii of later times. But Weßel's analysis shows in any case, that the law in those days was certainly not vulgarised: the sale does not distinguish itself basically from the classical law of sale.
Mancipes, pecunia, praedes and praedia in the epigraphic Lex agraria of 111 BC
Authors: de Ligt L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe aim of this article is to shed new light on the history of the Roman ager publicus in Africa as revealed by the epigraphic Lex agraria of 111 BC. According to some recent commentators, this law refers to the leasing out of state-owned land in Africa in return for an annual rent (pequnia) and also to the farming-out of the right to collect this revenue to private tax-farmers. Against this it is argued that throughout the African part of the Lex agraria the term pequnia refers to the price of formerly public land sold off by the state. It is also argued that the enigmatic expression invito eo quei dabit in line 84 is part of a provision concerning the intervention of a third party on the buyer's behalf. The provision in question prescribes that if the buyer does not pay the price immediately and has not yet offered real security in the form of praedia, any third party willing to fulfil either of these obligations will be permitted to do so, even if the buyer does not want the third party to intervene. We are therefore dealing with an early text concerning unsolicited intervention on behalf of a debitor invitus, a topic that is also dealt with in D. 46,3,53 (Gaius) and in D. 17,1,53 (Papinian).
Suicide Attempt Patterns Among the Navajo Indians
Authors: Miller Sheldon I. , Schoenfeld Lawrence S. 
Published: August 2007

THIS IS A REPORT of seven and one-half months of an on-going study of suicide and suicide attempts among the Navajo people. The study was undertaken in order to define the magnitude of the problem and to identify the high risk population. To date there have been only a few studies on successful suicides and even less on suicide attempts. A suicide report form was constructed. Copies were made available to all facilities serving the Navajo Indian Reservation. The psysician first having contact with a pateint filled out the form and returned it to the authors for review and tabulation. Results show that the highest risk group is younger than the general psychiatric population served. Drug ingestion is the most common method used. We have not found great differences between this population and other non- Indian populations described in the literature. This is true in respect to methods used as well as precipitating events. It seems clear that suicide attempt is a real problem for the Navajo. It is no greater, however, than for other groups of people.
Empathetic Relationships in Adolescents and Their Relevance To Prognosis in Psychiatric Breakdown
Authors: Haslam M.T. 
Published: August 2007

MANY authors have shown that adolescent breakdown is often associated with emotional deprivation in childhood. Psychotherapeutic intervention before the personality becomes too fixed and rigid should offer a means of improvement through the creation of substitute empathetic relationships, and prognosis should be improved to the extent to which this is successful. This hypothesis is tested through a follow-up study involving 100 adolescents, and the hypothesis is found proved in the diagnostic category of adolescent persona lity disorder, but of no apparent relevance in other groups.
Facilitating Deinstitutionalization: a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Aviram Uri 
Published: August 2007

The purpose of the paper is to highlight issues related to deinstitutionalization and community care of the mentally ill by using a comparative approach. Through a comparison of the trends in the U.S.A. and Israel, an attempt is made to account for factors which pro moted deinstitutionalization. The paper focuses on specific policies and programs which were crucial in reducing the rate of resident population in mental institutions and facilitating the development of community care for the mentally ill in the U.S. It points out the environ mental conditions, social, political, legal and organizational, which may be conducive to legis lative and administrative actions in order to facilitate deinstitutionalization. It is now evident that during the last two decades the mental health service system has gone through a profound change. This change has occurred mainly in the western world and perhaps is most visible in the U.S. In recent years we have witnessed the gradual decline of the state hospital as the hub of the mental health system. At the same time the number and utilization of community-based services have been steadily increasing. Closely related, or even synonymous, to these trends, are the movement for community care and deinstitutionaliza tion. These movements have gained a great deal of interest among professionals and lay public alike.9 This interest has been manifested in a large number of articles on the various aspects of these movements. Delineating, categorizing and putting these issues in a conceptual and a theoretical perspective has become a task in itself.7 The purpose of this paper is to highlight some of the issues related to deinstitutionaliza tion and community care by using a comparative approach. Through a comparison of the trends in the U.S. and Israel an attempt will be made to account for factors which promoted deinstitutionalization. The paper focuses on trends which affected the reduction of resident population in mental institutions and facilitated the development of community care system for the mentally ill.
Social inequalities in injury occurrence and in disability retirement attributable to injuries: a 5 year follow-up study of a 2.1 million gainfully employed people
Authors: Hannerz Harald , Mikkelsen Kim L , Nielsen Martin L , Tüchsen Finn , Spangenberg Søren 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Inequalities in injury related disability retirement may be due to differences in injury risk and or differences in retirement given injury. The aim of the present study was to measure social inequalities in injury occurrence and injury related disability retirement.

Methods
All people in the Danish labour force aged 20–59 years 1 January 1997 were followed for injury related hospital contacts during 1997 and all people in the Danish labour force aged 21–54 years 1 January 1998 were followed for injury related hospital contacts during 1997 and for disability retirements during 1998–2002. As inequality indices we used excess fractions (EF) i.e. the proportions of the cases that would not have occurred if the risks in each social group had been as low as they were in the occupational group with the highest skill requirements.

Results
With regard to the risk that an injury will occur, the EF was 36% among men and 10% among women. With regard to the risk that an injury will lead to disability retirement, the EF was 43% among men and 47% among women. The combined effect of the two types of inequalities rendered an EF for injury related disability retirement of 64% among men and 53% among women. The correlation between the case disability rate ratios among men and those among women was low (r = -0.110, P = 0.795).

Conclusion
The social inequality in injury related disability retirement lies only to some degree in the differences in the injury risk. More important are differences in the consequences of an injury. This was especially pronounced among the women.
mRNA/microRNA gene expression profile in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer
Authors: Lanza Giovanni , Ferracin Manuela , Gafà Roberta , Veronese Angelo , Spizzo Riccardo , Pichiorri Flavia , Liu Chang-gong , Calin George A , Croce Carlo M , Negrini Massimo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer develops through two main genetic instability pathways characterized by distinct pathologic features and clinical outcome.

Results
We investigated colon cancer samples (23 characterized by microsatellite stability, MSS, and 16 by high microsatellite instability, MSI-H) for genome-wide expression of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA. Based on combined miRNA and mRNA gene expression, a molecular signature consisting of twenty seven differentially expressed genes, inclusive of 8 miRNAs, could correctly distinguish MSI-H versus MSS colon cancer samples. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, various members of the oncogenic miR-17-92 family were significantly up-regulated in MSS cancers. The majority of protein coding genes were also up-regulated in MSS cancers. Their functional classification revealed that they were most frequently associated with cell cycle, DNA replication, recombination, repair, gastrointestinal disease and immune response.

Conclusion
This is the first report that indicates the existence of differences in miRNA expression between MSS versus MSI-H colorectal cancers. In addition, the work suggests that the combination of mRNA/miRNA expression signatures may represent a general approach for improving bio-molecular classification of human cancer.
HIV-1 sequence evolution in vivo after superinfection with three viral strains
Authors: Kozaczynska Karolina , Cornelissen Marion , Reiss Peter , Zorgdrager Fokla , van der Kuyl Antoinette C 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
With millions of people infected worldwide, the evolution of HIV-1 in vivo has been the subject of much research. Although recombinant viruses were detected early in the epidemic, evidence that HIV-1 dual infections really occurred came much later. Dual infected patients, consisting of coinfected (second infection before seroconversion) and superinfected (second infection after seroconversion) individuals, opened up a new area of HIV-1 evolution studies. Here, we describe the in-depth analysis of HIV-1 over time in a patient twice superinfected with HIV-1, first with a subtype B (B2) strain and then with CRF01_AE after initial infection with a subtype B (B1) strain.
The nucleotide evolution of gag and env-V3 of the three strains followed a similar pattern: a very low substitution rate in the first 2–3 years of infection, with an increase in synonymous substitutions thereafter. Convergent evolution at the protein level was rare: only a single amino acid in a gag p24 epitope showed convergence in the subtype B strains. Reversal of CTL-epitope mutations were also rare, and did not converge. Recombinant viruses were observed between the two subtype B strains. Luciferase-assays suggested that the CRF01_AE long terminal repeat (LTR) constituted the strongest promoter, but this was not reflected in the plasma viral load. Specific real-time PCR assays based upon the env gene showed that strain B2 and CRF01_AE RNA was present in equal amounts, while levels of strain B1 were 100-fold lower.
All three strains were detected in seminal plasma, suggesting that simultaneous transmission is possible.
Composite Multifocal Basal Cell carcinoma and Precursor B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case report
Authors: El Demellawy Dina , Sur Monalisa , Ross Catherine , DeNardi Franco , Alowami Salem 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Synchronous composite tumors though described are uncommon. Moreover, simultaneous occurrence of synchronous tumors involving the same tissue or organ at multiple sites is even less common. We report a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) occurring simultaneously in multiple skin sites. Several cases showing an association between cutaneous malignancies and lymphoproliferative disorders have been reported. Some of these cases included ALL and BCC and occurred often in the pediatric population with the BCC arising as a post-ALL therapy sequela. Other rare genetic causes may be considered. To our knowledge this is the first time that the synchronous occurrence of these two malignant processes in the same tissue involving multiple sites in an elderly patient is described.
Improvement of chronic facial pain and facial dyskinesia with the help of botulinum toxin application
Authors: Junghans Katharina , Rohrbach Saskia , Ellies Maik , Laskawi Rainer 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Facial pain syndromes can be very heterogeneous and need individual diagnosis and treatment. This report describes an interesting case of facial pain associated with eczema and an isolated dyskinesia of the lower facial muscles following dental surgery. Different aspects of the pain, spasms and the eczema will be discussed.

Case presentation
In this patient, persistent intense pain arose in the lower part of her face following a dental operation. The patient also exhibited dyskinesia of her caudal mimic musculature that was triggered by specific movements. Several attempts at therapy had been unsuccessful. We performed local injections of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) into the affected region of the patient's face. Pain relief was immediate following each set of botulinum toxin injections. The follow up time amounts 62 weeks.

Conclusion
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) can be a safe and effective therapy for certain forms of facial pain syndromes.