bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Bioenergetics Modeling to Estimate Consumption of Native Juvenile Salmonids by Nonnative Northern Pike in the Upper Flathead River System, Montana
Authors: Muhlfeld Clint C. , Bennett David H. , Steinhorst R. Kirk , Marotz Brian , Boyer Matthew 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Introductions of nonnative northern pike Esox lucius have created recreational fisheries in many waters in the United States and Canada, yet many studies have shown that introduced northern pike may alter the composition and structure of fish communities through predation. We estimated the abundance of nonnative northern pike (2002–2003) and applied food habits data (1999–2003) to estimate their annual consumption of native bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi juveniles in the upper Flathead River system, Montana. Population estimates were generally consistent among years and ranged from 1,200 to 1,300 individuals. Westslope cutthroat trout were present in the diet of younger (≤600 mm) and older (&gt;600 mm) northern pike during all seasons and bull trout were found only in larger northern pike during all seasons but summer. Bioenergetics modeling estimated that the northern pike population annually consumed a total of 8.0 metric tons (mt) of fish flesh; the highest biomass was composed of cyprinids (4.95 mt) followed by whitefishes Prosopium spp. (1.02 mt), bull trout (0.80 mt), westslope cutthroat trout (0.68 mt), yellow perch Perca flavescens (0.41 mt),1 and other fishes (centrarchids and cottids; 0.14 mt). Numerically, the northern pike population consumed more than 342,000 fish; cyprinids and catostomids comprised approximately 82% of prey fish (278,925), whereas over 13,000 westslope cutthroat trout and nearly 3,500 bull trout were eaten, comprising about 5% of the prey consumed. Our results suggest that predation by introduced northern pike is contributing to the lower abundance of native salmonids in the system and that a possible benefit might accrue to native salmonids by reducing these predatory interactions.
Estimates and Implications of Skate Consumption in the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf Ecosystem
Authors: Link Jason S. , Sosebee Katherine 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Skates (Rajidae) currently comprise a prominent part of the northeast U.S. Continental Shelf fish community. As part of an effort to add ecological considerations into stock assessments, we evaluate the consumptive demand of the skate species in the northeast U.S. Continental Shelf ecosystem. Using food habits data and abundance indices from bottom trawl surveys, we calculate the per capita consumption, total scaled (by population size) consumption, and total consumptive removals of select prey by seven species of skates. We also sum these estimates for all seven skates and compare this consumptive demand with broader ecosystem biomass fluxes. Our results demonstrate that estimates of skate abundance have a notable impact on total consumptive removals. Total consumption by all skates is a small biomass flux relative to the total system, yet removals of certain prey by skates can be at or exceed the magnitude of fisheries for those prey species. We discuss how future stock assessments can incorporate these simple estimates and how one might address the implications of these estimates in an ecosystem context.
Assessing Small‐Stream Biotic Integrity Using Fish Assemblages across an Urban Landscape in the Puget Sound Lowlands of Western Washington
Authors: Matzen Deanna Akre , Berge Hans B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe developed a fish index of biotic integrity (FIBI) to evaluate the relationship between urbanization and fish assemblages. The FIBI was developed with data collected from 70 sites in 30 basins and tested with a validation data set from 71 sites in 18 basins within the greater Lake Washington watershed. Fish assemblage data were evaluated at each site according to species‐specific attributes and the level of human disturbance (total impervious area [TIA], impervious and vegetative coverage, mixed development, and road density) within each sampling basin. In this study TIA proved to be the most useful measure of urbanization. Approximately 50 metrics were evaluated and six were included in the final FIBI based on their response to urbanization. Each metric was scored according to standardized criteria, and the scores of all of the metrics were summed to create a final index score for each sampling location. A relationship between FIBI and TIA was expected, prompting the use of linear regression as a tool to evaluate the FIBI against five disturbance measures; correlation coefficients ranged from 0.13 to 0.68, with an overall trend of decreasing biotic integrity with increasing urbanization. Comparisons of data collected over a 10‐year period from the same sampling locations demonstrated decreases in biotic integrity at most sites corresponding with an observed increase in urbanization. The FIBI developed in this study can serve as a useful management tool (in conjunction with other indicators of the condition of fish communities across Puget Sound lowland streams) as well as a metric with which to describe conditions to the public in an easily understood manner.
Mode-selective coupler for wavelength multiplexing using LiNbO3:Ti optical waveguides
Authors: Runde Daniel , Breuer Stefan , Kip Detlef 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A mode-selective directional coupler based on titanium in-diffused channel waveguides in lithium niobate is investigated. This coupler may be utilized as a key part of an add-drop multiplexer for dense wavelength division multiplexing in optical network nodes. The proposed coupler is based on evanescent coupling of the fundamental mode of a single-mode channel to the first higher mode of a parallel bi-modal waveguide. Our experimental results show that a compact directional coupler with coupling efficiencies larger than 90%, large bandwidth around 1550 nm, and with negligible polarization dependence can be realized using electro-optic lithium niobate substrates.
Pseudarthrosis in fibrous dysplasia treated with bone morphogenetic protein
Authors: Beckmann Johannes , Kock Franz , Tingart Markus , Goetz Juergen , Grifka Joachim , Schaumburger Jens 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We present a case of pseudarthrosis in a patient suffering from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the right part of the body that was successfully treated with bone morphogenetic protein. Pseudarthrosis occurred after proximal femoral shaft fracture due to a motorcycle accident initially treated by intramedullary nailing. After revision, the patient was treated by pseudarthrosis debridement and grafting of bone morphogenetic protein-7/osteogenic protein-1, resulting in callus formation that allowed indolent full weight-bearing after 6 weeks. The underlying disease as well as the described treatment is discussed.
Domestic Afterlives: Rachel Whiteread's Ghost
Authors: Carley Rachel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLong associated with uncanny atmosphere, ghosts suggest a lingering presence of something past. Rachel Carley's examination of Rachel Whiteread's Ghost belies the role that the plaster‐casting process makes towards visualising the invisible. In turn, the vestigial traces of a room's surface are refigured as a solid volume capable of depleting light and heat from the space of the museum. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affecting Data
Authors: Preston Julieanna 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContemporary design practice is being rescripted by digital technology. After advances in software engendered visualisation of new building form, followed by a mixture of scepticism and enthusiasm from the public, designers and builders, architects forged ahead to materialise speculative design. Julieanna Preston highlights an intellectual and industrial investment into the exchange between data (the means of communication as well as in‐forming content) and the affect of its instrumentality. A 2006 exhibition, ‘Digital Exchange’, charts digital fabrication technology's capacity to marry method and concept. While capable of creating an infinite variety of surface effects, such technology is questioned for its resonant potential to influence an affective atmosphere. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivalent Performance in the Work of Lewis.Tsurumaki.Lewis
Authors: Lewis Paul , Tsurumaki Marc , Lewis David J 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFour recent built works by Paul Lewis, Marc Tsurumaki and David J Lewis of Lewis.Tsurumaki.Lewis (LTL Architects) document a practice of reconceptualising interior space as a site of innovative material surfaces assembled from the repetition of readily available elements. The goal in this work is to intensify and expand the impact of a reduced set of operations, asking less to be more, through the interweaving of functional engagements and material conditions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Condensation: Regionalism and the Room in John Yeon's Watzek House
Authors: Beecher Maty Anne 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMary Anne Beecher's discussion of Aubrey Watzek's house extends traditional notions of regionalism to the domain of the interior. She outlines numerous ways that the local landscape and history figure as condensed renditions within rooms, surfaces and details. It is here that we find evidence of interior atmosphere developed as identity within a specific cultural and geographical context. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bridging the Threshold of Interior and Landscape: An Interview with Petra Blaisse
Authors: Weinthal Lois 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a design practice dedicated to fusing insides and outsides, Petra Blaisse converses with Lois Weinthal about the atmospheric calling of interior textiles. As curtains and floor coverings furnish programmatically organised interior environments, they reflect larger spatial and historic contexts to demonstrate a confluence of micro and macro scales. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Hardware and Software
Authors: Hinkel Rochus Urban 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn light of his visit in 2007 to the Documenta 12 art institution in Kassel, Germany, Rochus Urban Hinkel speculates on the reciprocity of ‘spatial hardware’ and ‘spatial software’ to create interior atmosphere. This essay traverses between the two as he takes us through the exhibition spaces housed in the temporary urban and industrial ‘gallery’ environment, Aue Pavilion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Atmosphere of Interior Urbanism: OMA at ITT
Authors: Rice Charles 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCharles Rice explores interior atmosphere in a site challenged by existing infrastructure among a generally deteriorating urban scene. Crediting the Office for Metropolitan Architecture's IIT building in Chicago with refiguring the field via the deployment of complex spatial planning, integration of the building with the elevated train rail and a highly differentiated illumination scheme, he ultimately defines the nature of interior urbanism, an urbanity and atmosphere beyond the limits of the building envelope. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can Architectural Design Be Research?
Authors: Weinstock Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSo far the Unit Factor series has focused on design research within the context of the Architectural Association in London. Here the series editor, Michael Weinstock, discusses the possibilities of architects undertaking research in practice. He draws on the experience of Chris Bosse, who is responsible for the competition‐winning design for the Watercube, Beijing's National Swimming Centre. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biofuel from Algae
Authors: Yeang Ken 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFinding an alternative fuel for our built environment as a substitute for fossil fuels is the Holy Grail of a sustainable future. Ken Yeang discusses the potential of mass algae production as a source of biofuel. Could we be powering our buildings and cars with algae in years to come? Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space on Earth: A Virtual Portal Between the Earth and Outer Space
Authors: Croci Valentina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEvery time you text or call from your mobile phone, you may be unknowingly providing essential data that is being captured for public or commercial research. Valentina Croci describes how The Senseable City Lab at MIT and the Estonian group Positium LBS with the Department of Geography at the University of Tartu have been developing projects that enable us to sense the city, dynamically mapping social movement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purification of CD45+ hematopoietic cells directly from human bone marrow using a flow‐based P‐selectin‐coated microtube
Authors: Narasipura Srinivas D. , Wojciechowski Joel C. , Duffy Brian M. , L. Liesveld Jane , King Michael R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRecently, a flow‐based selectin‐dependent method for capture and enrichment of specific type blood cells (CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells) from bone marrow and peripheral blood has been described. Using a similar approach, here we show isolation of CD45+ blood cells directly from human bone marrow to a high purity (90%–97%). The process mimics a ubiquitous mechanism of cell trafficking in the body for the recruitment of neutrophils during inflammation. The method is straightforward, rapid, and may represent a practical alternative to CD45+ cell enrichment procedures required for chimerism analysis following allogenic stem‐cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck and upper extremities among Iowa dairy farmers
Authors: Nonnenmann Matthew W. , Anton Dan , Gerr Fredric , Merlino Linda , Donham Kelley 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among U.S. dairy farmers is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of neck and upper extremity MSS, and to examine associations between symptoms and dairy operation activities among dairy farmers.MethodsQuestionnaires were mailed to randomly selected dairy farmers in the State of Iowa, USA. Demographic, site specific MSS, and dairy operation activity information was obtained. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsAmong the participants (N = 341), shoulder MSS were reported most frequently (54%). Neck MSS were significantly associated with manually feeding (ORadj = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.09–4.80) and tractors use (ORadj = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.05–4.50). Also, wrist/hand MSS were associated with manually cleaning animal stalls (ORadj = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.06–3.63).ConclusionsNeck and upper extremity MSS were common and associated with common dairy farming practices. Future studies need to more accurately assess exposures to physical risk factors for MSS so ergonomic interventions can be developed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:443–451, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic association between α‐synuclein and idiopathic parkinson's disease
Authors: Kay Denise M. , Factor Stewart A. , Samii Ali , Higgins Donald S. , Griffith Alida , Roberts John W. , Leis Berta C. , Nutt John G. , Montimurro Jennifer S. , Keefe Robert G. , Atkins April J. , Yearout Dora , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Payami Haydeh 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPoint mutations and copy number variations in SNCA, the gene encoding α‐synuclein, cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD). A dinucleotide polymorphism (REP1) in the SNCA promoter may be a risk factor for common forms of PD. We studied 1,802 PD patients and 2,129 controls from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium, using uniform, standardized protocols for diagnosis, subject recruitment, data collection, genotyping, and data analysis. Three common REP1 alleles (257, 259, and 261 bp, with control frequencies of 0.28, 0.65, and 0.06) and several rare alleles (combined frequency <0.01) were detected. We confirmed association of REP1 with PD risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.86, P = 0.006 for 257‐carriers; OR = 1.25, P = 0.022 for 261‐carriers]. Using a normalization procedure, we showed that the 257 and 261 alleles are both independently associated with PD risk (for 257, P = 0.002 in overall data, 0.003 in non‐familial PD, 0.001 in early‐onset PD; for 261, P = 0.056 in overall data, 0.024 in non‐familial PD, 0.052 in early‐onset PD). The 257‐associated risk was consistent with a dominant model [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.99, P = 0.91 for 257/257 vs. 257/X where X denotes all other common alleles; HR = 1.16, P = 0.004 for X/X vs. 257/X]. The 261‐associated risk was consistent with a recessive model (HR = 1.89, P = 0.026 for 261/261 vs. 261/X; HR = 0.95, P = 0.42 for X/X vs. 261/X). Genotype‐specific mean onset ages (±SD) ranged from 54.8 ± 12.1 for 261/261 to 59.4 ± 11.5 for 257/257, displaying a trend of decreasing onset age with increasing allele size (P = 0.055). Genetic variation in SNCA and its regulatory regions play an important role in both familial and sporadic PD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FBXL21 association with schizophrenia in irish family and case–control samples
Authors: Chen Xiangning , Wang Xu , Sun Cuie , Chen Qi , O'Neill F. Anthony , Walsh Dermot , Fanous Ayman , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFBXL21 gene encodes an F‐box containing protein functioning in the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. The role of the F‐box protein is to recruit proteins designated for degradation to the ligase complex so they would be ubiquitinated. Using both family and case–control samples, we found consistent associations in and around FBXL21 gene. In the family sample (Irish study of high density schizophrenia families, ISHDSF, 1,350 subjects from 273 families), a minimal PDT P‐value of 0.0011 was observed at rs31555. In the case–control sample (Irish case–control study of schizophrenia, ICCSS, 814 cases and 625 controls), significant associations were observed at two markers (rs1859427 P = 0.0197, and rs6861170 P = 0.0197). In haplotype analyses, haplotype 1‐1 (C‐T) of rs1859427–rs6861170 was overtransmitted in the ISHDSF (P = 0.0437) and was overrepresented in the ICCSS (P = 0.0177). For both samples, the associated alleles and haplotypes were identical. These data suggested that FBXL21 may be associated with schizophrenia in the Irish samples. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fiber‐bound nitrogen in gorilla diets: implications for estimating dietary protein intake of primates
Authors: Rothman Jessica M. , Chapman Colin A. , Pell Alice N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProtein is essential for living organisms, but digestibility of crude protein is poorly understood and difficult to predict. Nitrogen is used to estimate protein content because nitrogen is a component of the amino acids that comprise protein, but a substantial portion of the nitrogen in plants may be bound to fiber in an indigestible form. To estimate the amount of crude protein that is unavailable in the diets of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, foods routinely eaten were analyzed to determine the amount of nitrogen bound to the acid‐detergent fiber residue. The amount of fiber‐bound nitrogen varied among plant parts: herbaceous leaves 14.5±8.9% (reported as a percentage of crude protein on a dry matter (DM) basis), tree leaves (16.1±6.7% DM), pith/herbaceous peel (26.2±8.9% DM), fruit (34.7±17.8% DM), bark (43.8±15.6% DM), and decaying wood (85.2±14.6% DM). When crude protein and available protein intake of adult gorillas was estimated over a year, 15.1% of the dietary crude protein was indigestible. These results indicate that the proportion of fiber‐bound protein in primate diets should be considered when estimating protein intake, food selection, and food/habitat quality. Am. J. Primatol. 70:690–694, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of novel neutral nickel complexes bearing fluorinated salicylaldiminato ligands and their catalytic behavior for vinylic polymerization of norbornene
Authors: Song Dong‐Po , Li Yan‐Guo , Lu Ran , Hu Ning‐Hai , Li Yue‐sheng 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of salicylaldimine‐based neutral Ni(II) complexes (3a–j) [ArN = CH(C6H4O)]Ni(PPh3)Ph [3a, Ar = C6H5; 3b, Ar = C6H4F(o); 3c, Ar = C6H4F(m); 3d, Ar = C6H4F(p); 3e, Ar = C6H3F2(2,4); 3f, Ar = C6H3F2(2,5); 3g, Ar = C6H3F2(2,6); 3h, Ar = C6H3F2(3,5); 3i, Ar = C6H2F3(3,4,5); 3j, Ar = C6F5] have been synthesized in good yield, and the structures of complexes 3a and 3i have been confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Using modified methylaluminoxane as a cocatalyst, these neutral Ni(II) complexes exhibited high catalytic activities for the vinylic polymerization of norbornene. It was observed that the strong electron‐withdrawing effect of the fluorinated salicylaldiminato ligand was able to significantly increase the catalyst activity for vinylic polymerization of norbornenes. In addition, catalyst activity, polymer yield and polymer molecular weight can also be controlled over a wide range by the variation of reaction parameters such as Al:Ni ratio, norbornene:catalyst ratio, monomer concentration, polymerization temperature and time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of wool fibers treated under high‐temperature water and steam
Authors: Long Li , Lei Song , Guiqin Jia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the hygroscopicity and the extension properties of wool fibers treated under high‐temperature steam and water. The scale structure and the crystallinity of the treated wool fibers were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results show that the hygroscopicity of the wool fibers treated under high‐temperature steam was higher than that of the wool fibers treated under high‐temperature water. The strength, the breaking elongation, and the breaking work of the treated wool fibers decreased obviously compared with the untreated wool fibers. The scale surface became rough and the crystallization index decreased for the treated wool fibers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Designing polylactide/clay nanocomposites for textile applications: Effect of processing conditions, spinning, and characterization
Authors: Solarski Samuel , Ferreira Manuela , Devaux Eric , Fontaine Gaëlle , Bachelet Pierre , Bourbigot Serge , Delobel René , Coszach Philippe , Murariu Marius , Da Silva Ferreira Amália , Alexandre Michael , Degee Philippe , Dubois Philippe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn experimental study was carried out to design polylactide (PLA)‐clay nanocomposites for developing fibers. PLA and 1–10 wt % of a selected organomodified bentonite (Bentone® 104‐B104) were melt mixed to examine the effect of processing conditions (temperature, shear, residence time) on the morphology of performed polymer nanocomposites (PNC). Because of a good compatibility with PLA matrix, the dispersion of B104 occurred under different conditions without difficulty, and a similar morphology was obtained. The results obtained showed that at low temperature of mixing, the shear stress exerted on polymer has a key role on the extent of intercalation and delamination. Upscale experiments were further performed using optimized conditions and 4 wt % B104 was added to PLA matrix by melt blending to produce PNC for spinning. Then, the recovered PNC were melt spun to produce multifilaments yarns, and it was demonstrated that surprisingly, it is not necessary to use a plasticizer to spin a blend with 4 wt % B104. The properties of the yarns have been studied in terms of clay dispersion as well as thermal, mechanical, and shrinkage properties. B104 could be added up to 4 wt % into PLA without detrimentally sacrificing the tensile strength of melt‐spun filaments, especially at high draw ratio. Interestingly, the PNC‐based multifilaments were knitted and the flammability studied using cone calorimeter at 35 kW/m2. A strong decrease, up to 46%, of the heat release rate was measured. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008