bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of responses measured by natural cytotoxicity and chemiluminescence
Authors: Ernst Martin , Lange Andrzej , Flad Hans‐Dieter , Havel Albin , Ennen Joachim , Ulmer Artur J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonocyte/macrophage‐mediated cytotoxicity requires the generation of activated oxygen radicals, which can be measured by chemiluminescence (CL). To investigate whether natural killer (NK) cell activity required activated oxygen species, both cytotoxicity against K562 target cells and CL were measured in cell populations of human peripheral blood. The following results were obtained: (a) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) showed NK activity and a response in CL, which could be induced by viable or paraformaldehyde‐fixed K562 target cells as well as by latex particles, (b) Both T cells and non‐T cells exhibited NK activity, but T cells gave no K562‐ or latex‐induced CL responses, (c) Depletion of phagocytic cells from MNC abolished CL, but only marginally affected NK activity, (d) Reconstitution of phagocyte‐depleted MNC with adherent cells revealed a superadditive enhanced CL response, but had no augmenting effect on NK activity, (e) Phagocyte‐depleted cell populations, enriched for NK activity by density gradient centrifugation, did not respond in K562‐ and latex‐induced CL. (f) MNC, highly enriched for NK activity by cell sorting with a cytofluorograf using the fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled monoclonal antibody anti‐Leu‐11a, responded only with reduced CL, whereas the NK activity was enriched up to 45‐fold. From these results it is concluded that NK cell‐mediated cytolysis of K562 target cells and K562‐induced CL are not functionally correlated, but represent properties of two distinct cell populations, namely NK cells and monocytes.
Characterization of a (BALB/c × C57BL/6)F1 T cell hybridoma with double specificity: recognition of antigen in context of I‐Ad and autoreactivity to I‐Ab
Authors: Nagase Fumihiko , Waters Stanley J. , Jeanette Thorbecke G. , Bona Constantin A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn antigen‐specific, IL2‐producing, Lyt‐1+2−, T cell hybridoma has been derived by the fusion of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)‐primed (BALB/c × C57BL/6)F1 lymph node with BW5147 thymoma cells. The hybridoma FN13‐21 recognizes KLH in association with I‐Ad of BALB/c parental antigen‐presenting cells, and also responds to I‐Ab of the other parent C57BL/6 spleen cells in the absence of antigen. The KLH‐specific response of FN13‐21 is blocked by monoclonal anti‐I‐Ad antibody, while the response to C57BL/6 spleen cells is blocked by anti‐I‐Ab antibody. The specificity of the autoreactivity is to an antigen encoded for in the I‐Ab region, as shown by the pattern of stimulation obtained with spleen cells from H‐2‐recombinant mice.
Characterization of the response of human thymocytes and blood lymphocytes to the synergistic mitogenicity of 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) ionomycin
Authors: Delia Domenico , Greaves Melvyn , Villa Silvia , Debraud Filippo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe combination of the phorbol ester 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) and the calcium ionophore ionomycin is synergistically mitogenic for human fetal and infant thymocytes as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes. Optimal mitogenic stimulation is achieved when TPA and ionomycin are used at doses of 0.5‐1 ng/ml and 0.5‐1 μg/ml, respectively.Phenotypic analysis and cell sorting show that the thymocytes responsive to the mitogen have a mature or medullary phenotype (T1+, T3+, T11+, T6−, HLA‐A,B++, [TdT]−); similarly in blood the T cell subsets (T11+, T4+ and T11+, T8+) are selectively responsive to TPA‐ionomycin. Both activated lymphocytes and thymocytes express HLA‐DR antigens as well as activation antigens such as T9, T10 and T cell activation antigen. T cells activated by TPA‐ionomycin can be grown for periods of up to 50 days without addition of exogeneous interleukin 2. The observations may have implications for the membrane‐associated signals involved in T cell growth and proliferation.
Polyclonal activation of the murine immune system by an antibody to IgD V. Effect on germinal centers
Authors: Flotte Thomas J. , Finkelman Fred D. , Jeanette Thorbecke G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHeterologous anti‐mouse δ chain has been shown to induce T‐independent polyclonal B cell proliferation by 24 h after injection into mice and a T‐dependent polyclonal increase in the number of IgG‐secreting cells in spleen and lymph nodes 6 days after injection. The effect of anti‐δ on germinal center cells has been difficult to determine, however, since anti‐δ‐induced blast transformation of mantle zone cells makes it difficult to distinguish these cells from germinal center cells. To clarify the effect of anti‐δ on germinal centers, we stained lymph node sections from control and anti‐δ‐injected mice with peanut agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase which clearly differentiates the germinal center cells from other large and small lymphoid cells.For the first 5 days after i.v. injection of goat anti‐mouse δ, the germinal center volumes did not differ significantly from those of mice injected with control antibodies. On days 6 and 7 after injection, the lymph node germinal center volumes of anti‐δ‐treated mice increased on average over 10‐fold as compared to those of mice injected with an equal amount of control antibody. Thus, while anti‐δ antibody directly induced blastogenesis of mantle layer B cells, it appears to have little direct effect on germinal center cells. In contrast, rapid germinal center development is seen in anti‐δ‐injected mice during the T‐dependent phase of B cell activation and occurs simultaneously with the appearance of large numbers of IgG‐secreting cells.
T lymphocyte lines induce autoimmune encephalomyelitis, delayed hypersensitivity and bystander encephalitis or arthritis
Authors: Holoshitz Joseph , Naparstek Yacov , Ben‐Nun Avraham , Marquardt Peter , Cohen Irun R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLines of rat T lymphocytes responsive to the basic protein of myelin (BP) or to the purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD) were inoculated i.v. into recipient rats. As reported previously, the anti‐BP line cells, but not the anti‐PPD line cells spontaneously accumulated in the central nervous system and caused encephalomyelitis. However, the anti‐PPD line cells could be induced to enter the brain and cause bystander encephalitis by intracerebral inoculation of PPD. Anti‐PPD or anti‐BP line cells could mediate delayed‐type hypersensitivity skin reactions or bystander arthritis elicited by specific antigen. The lines did not cause specific cytolysis in vitro. Susceptibility to delayed‐type hypersensitivity or bystander disease was long lasting in rats inoculated with anti‐PPD line cells, while rats inoculated with anti‐BP line cells were susceptible for only a few days. Thus, lines of T lymphocytes can mediate a variety of pathological reactions directed by the presence of specific antigen, self or foreign.
Identification of a neodeterminant in complexes of human brain Thy‐1
Authors: Almqvist Per , Carlsson Sven 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman Thy‐1 glyocprotein was purified from brain cortex membranes. Antibodies were produced in rabbits by immunization with purified Thy‐1 and with brain homogenate. Both preparations of antibodies reacted with monomers of 125I‐labeled Thy‐1. In addition, the antibodies against the purified antigen also recognized a determinant which was absent, or present in very low amounts, in homogenates of human brain. Analysis by gel filtration in Nonidet‐P40 or deoxycholate revealed the presence of complexes of purified Thy‐1 that were specifically precipitated by antibodies against this determinant. It was also shown that anti‐monomer antibodies were unable to react with the complex form of Thy‐1. These complexes seemed to be composed of a varying number of Thy‐1 molecules. By treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate, the multimers were completely dissociated into monomers. The tendency to complex formation seems to be unique for human Thy‐1, since Thy‐1 analogues of other species do not show this property when isolated.
Induction of resting B cells to DNA synthesis by soluble monoclonal anti‐immunoglobulin
Authors: Julius Michael H. , Heusser Christoph H. , Hartmann Klaus‐Ulrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel monoclonal anti‐immunoglobulin is described which in soluble form is comparable to lipopolysaccharide in its ability to induce DNA synthesis in populations of resting B cells. It inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced B cell maturation to immuno‐globulin secretion while not suppressing mitogen‐induced proliferative responses. B cells from C3H/HeJ mice are stimulated as well as those from C3H/Tif mice demonstrating that the induction capacity of this monoclonal antibody does not involve functional lipopolysaccharide receptor molecules.
The induction of oxazolone‐specific T suppressor afferent cells in mice by hapten‐modified isologous IgG
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Janusz , Bereta Michal , Malinowski Jakub , Ptak Wlodzimierz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of isologous 4(ethoxymethylene)‐2‐phenyl‐oxazolin‐5‐one (oxazolone; OX)‐substituted thymocytes or OX‐labeled IgG (OX‐IgG) into mice produces specific unresponsiveness in which immunization with homologous (OX), but not heterologous (picryl chloride), hapten on the skin does not result in significant contact sensitization. However, while injection of OX‐substituted thymocytes triggers suppressor cells which inhibit the effector stage of contact sensitivity reaction, OX‐IgG induces cells which suppress exclusively the afferent stage of reaction. In contrast to OX‐IgG, OX‐substituted F(ab')2 fragments, IgM, and albumin are ineffective. T suppressor afferent cells have Ly‐2 and I‐J surface markers and their precursors are resistant to cyclophosphamide treatment and adult thymectomy. We assume that T suppressor afferent cells recognize antigen in conjunction with intact IgG molecules, although the exact mechanism is unclear.
An attempt to assess the overall diversity of murine T cells using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis
Authors: Kettman Jack , Lefkovits Ivan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis has been applied to study the changes in protein patterns occurring in murine T lymphocytes after activation by a T cell mitogen. The protein maps of individual T cell clones obtained by limiting dilution were also compared. Whole cell lysates from [35S]methionine‐labeled cell clones or cell populations were analyzed and radiofluorographs of gels compared.We found that, during the events of differentiation and clonal proliferation, a T cell population undergoes dramatic changes resulting in pronounced changes in the protein pattern. In a typical gel with about 1000 detectable spots, there were about 50 changes from one day to the next. Certain regions of gels were compared using highly exposed films; in these, a much higher proportion of spots was found to vary (47/255 spots).Furthermore, we found that T cell clones obtained by limiting dilution yield a protein pattern that contains both “stable” and “diverse” regions. In the molecular weight region from about 35000–43000, there are 0 to 5 differences when one clone is compared with another. Due to a relatively small number of clones analyzed [16], it is probable that the revealed changes are only a fraction of the diversity which remains to be uncovered.
Changes in the protein pattern of murine B cells after mitogenic stimulation
Authors: Kettman Jack , Lefkovits Ivan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis has been applied to study the changes in protein patterns occurring in murine B lymphocytes after activation with the synergistic B cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate. Whole cell lysates from [35S]methionine‐labeled mitogen‐activated B cells were analyzed and radiofluorographs of the gels compared. We found that a large number of proteins appear and disappear during the 5‐day activation period (74/206 spots of a nonimmunoglobulin region of the gel). The B cell pattern (in the nonimmunoglobulin region) was also compared with that of mitogen‐activated T cells. We identified 19 T cell‐specific and 29 B cell‐specific proteins, the remaining 1000 or so proteins being common.
Inhibition of IgE binding to mast cells and basophils by monoclonal antibodies to murine IgE
Authors: Baniyash Michal , Eshhar Zelig 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to identify the site on IgE which binds with high affinity to the Fcϵ receptor (FcϵR) on mast cells, we established monoclonal anti‐IgE antibodies (mAb) by fusion of myeloma cells with rat splenocytes immunized with purified murine IgE mAb. Six individual mAb were found to react with various IgE mAb of different specificities and not with immunoglobulins of other classes. Three different clusters of epitopes on the Fcϵ portion could be detected by antibody competition studies. These antigenic determinants were expressed on the Fcϵ portion and required the two heavy chains in their native conformation. Two groups of mAb and their Fab′ fragments completely inhibited the binding of 125I‐labeled IgE to rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL), and one mAb inhibited the specific IgE binding only partially (55–65%). Likewise, the Fab′ fragments of the purified mAb inhibited the antigen‐mediated, IgE‐dependent, serotonin release of RBL cells. These in vitro findings were confirmed by in vivo experiments, which demonstrated that the anti‐IgE mAb could specifically block passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction when injected i.d., before challenging with the antigen. The differences in blocking reactivity of the various anti‐IgE mAb are discussed in view of heterogeneity in the IgE‐FcϵR interaction.
Efficiency of antigen presentation to T cell clones by (B cell × B cell lymphoma) hybridomas correlates quantitatively with cell surface Ia antigen expression
Authors: Bekkhoucha Fawzia , Naquet Philippe , Pierres Anne , Marchetto Sylvie , Pierres Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of B cell hybridomas was used as a model system to assess quantitatively the role of Ia molecules in antigen presentation to allo‐ or soluble antigen‐reactive T cell clones. These hybrid cell lines were established by fusion between the HGPRT− BALB/c B cell lymphoma M12.4.1 and LPS‐stimulated spleen blasts from B10.BR (H‐2k) mice. Quantitative cellular absorption of appropriate anti‐Ia monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorometric analyses revealed that the B cell hybridomas examined herein expressed constitutively a number of surface I‐Ak or I‐Ek molecules that varied in an order of magnitude of 1 to 5. Such quantitative differences could be correlated precisely with (a) the capacity of B cell hybridomas to activate T cell clones to proliferate and/or to produce interleukin 2 in response to Eβk allodeterminant or to poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) presented in the context of I‐Ak restriction element, and (b) the amount of monoclonal anti‐I‐Ak antibody required to inhibit antigen presentation to T cell clones. The possible implications of these data are discussed in the context of current models of regulation of Ia antigen expression by antigen‐presenting cells.
MHC‐ and non‐MHC‐encoded surface antigens of chicken lymphoid cells and erythrocytes recognized by polyclonal xeno‐, allo‐ and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Wolf Hugo , Hála Karel , Boyd Richard L. , Wick Georg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurface antigens on chicken thymus and bursa cells were analyzed by immunoprecipitation using polyclonal and monoclonal antisera raised against (and specific for) thymus (ATS) or bursa (ABS) cells, respectively. The antigens identified were compared with those governed by the B‐F, B‐L and B‐G regions of the chicken major histocompatibility complex (B complex).Four proteins were precipitated from thymus cells by 2 polyclonal ATS: both antisera recognized molecules of apparent molecular mass of 172–182, 132–135, 75–76 kDa, and one antiserum in addition recognized a protein of 102 kDa. The 172–182 and 102‐kDa peaks were still demonstrable under reducing conditions indicating that they are composed of a single polypeptide chain, the other 2 were lost under reducing conditions, therefore, must be composed of smaller subunits. Of the 2 monoclonal ATS tested, one identified a single protein of 186 kDa and the other a 135‐kDa protein (in addition to 2 smaller molecules); whether these are the same as those precipitated by the polyclonal antisera remains to be determined as they behaved differently under reducing conditions.Proteins of 162 and 78–84 kDa were revealed by 2 polyclonal ABS under nonreducing conditions but the former may in one case be a polymer (it disappeared under reducing conditions) and in the other a single molecule. In addition molecules of 182 kDa were identified by one antiserum and of 84 and 60 kDa by the other under nonreducing conditions. Of the 4 monoclonal ABS only one identified a 200‐kDa protein: molecules of 115–125, 90–100, 48–52 and 40–43 kDa were also precipitated, all of which were reduced to smaller molecules. With 2 specific anti‐B‐F alloantisera we were able to precipitate the “conventional” B‐F antigen from red blood cell lysates of CB‐strain chickens resolving into a 40‐kDa peak and a light chain of about 12 kDa corresponding to β2 microglobulin. Precipitates from peripheral blood lymphocytes, bursa and thymus cells revealed an additional protein of 22 kDa. With 2 specific B‐L alloantisera two peaks of 33 kDa and 31 kDa were obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Using anti‐B‐G alloantisera a double band corresponding to 47 and 42 kDa was seen under reducing conditions. There is no evidence from these data to indicate that the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are directed towards major histocompatibility complex antigens.
Identification of a 140‐kDa activation antigen as a target structure for a series of human cloned natural killer cell lines
Authors: Hercend Thierry , Schmidt Reinhold , Brennan Agnes , Edson Mary Ann , Reinherz Ellis L. , Schlossman Stuart F. , Ritz Jerome 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present study, we have developed a monoclonal antibody termed anti‐TNKTAR, able to block cytotoxicity mediated by a human natural killer (NK) clone termed JT9. Analysis of the functional effects of anti‐TNKTAR indicated that alteration of the cytotoxic reactions resulted from the binding of the antibody to the membrane of target cells. In addition, it was shown that inhibition of cytotoxicity induced by anti‐TNKTAR could be abolished by lectin approximation.Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that TNKTAR antigen is a heterodimeric structure which resolves as a single band at 140 kDa under nonreducing conditions and as two bands at approximately 97 kDa and 40 kDa under reducing conditions in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. This heterodimer is present on lymphocytes and monocytes in human peripheral blood and perhaps more importantly, the membrane density of TNKTAR antigen increases very early and strongly following lymphocyte activation. In addition, it was shown that TNKTAR is expressed on each single cultured cell line which has been tested, although the density of the antigen varies strongly from one cell line to another.Even though the 140‐kDa molecule was found to be widely distributed on activated cells, anti‐TNKTAR had no blocking effects on cytotoxic reactions mediated by a series of either NK or cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones unrelated to JT9. In contrast, anti‐TNKTAR blocked, in an identical fashion, cytotoxicity of JT9 and two additional clones, JT10 and JT11, against a series of 8 sensitive targets. JT9, JT10 and JT11 human cloned NK cell lines have been derived from peripheral blood of one individual donor drawn on month 0 (JT9), 12 (JT10) and 18 (JT11). Most importantly, these three clones initially selected for their capacity to kill K562 cells have been found to express the same 90‐kDa clonotypic antigen receptor structure (termed NKTa) and display identical specificity when tested against a panel of randomly selected target cell lines.We have previously demonstrated that a unique subset of NK active mature T lymphocytes interact with target cells via 90‐kDa clonotypic determinants in a major histocompatibility complex‐independent fashion. Taken together, the present data strongly supports the view that a surface antigen of 140 kDa, linked to cell activation, serves as a specific recognition structure at the target cell level for these NK‐active T lymphocytes.
The glycosphingolipid globoside as a serological marker on cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors and alloantigen‐responsive proliferating T lymphocytes in murine spleen
Authors: Mühlradt Peter F. , Bethke Ulf , Monner David A. , Petzoldt Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiochemical analyses of murine lymphocytes have shown that the glycosphingolipid globoside (Glo) is present exclusively on alloantigen‐stimulated murine T lymphocytes (Gruner, K. R., Van Eijk, R. V. W. and Mühlradt, P. F., Biochemistry 1981. 20: 4518). An anti‐Glo antibody has now been raised in rabbits immunized with purified antigen. Most activity was recovered in the IgM fraction. The specificity of the antibody was ascertained in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay with purified glycosphingolipids bound to the solid phase. In antibody‐dependent complement lysis experiments the anti‐Glo eliminated about 20% of nylon wool‐nonadherent splenic T cells of CBA/J mice. To determine the functional identity of these Glo+ cells, the effects of Glo+ cell elimination on mitogen stimulation with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, as well as the effects on the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction and cell‐mediated lympholysis with mitomycin‐treated DBA/2 splenocytes as stimulator cells were studied. Whereas lipopolysaccharide stimulation was not affected by elimination of Glo+ cells, there was a slight inhibitory effect on the concanavalin A stimulation, and a severe inhibition of the MLC reaction and the generation of H‐2d‐specific cytolytic T lymphocytes. Addition of interleukin 2 increased the MLC reaction, but interleukin 2‐saturated cultures were also severely inhibited by anti‐Glo and complement treatment. Combined treatment with anti‐Glo and anti‐Lyt‐1 or anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies, and determination of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in limiting dilution cultures after Glo+ cell elimination showed that a large proportion of T cells proliferating in a primary MLC are Lyt‐1+,2+,3+Glo+, whereas in secondary MLC they are Lyt‐1+,2−,3−, Glo+. Fifty % of the cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors in primary as well as secondary MLC are Glo+. The Glo marker is lost upon differentiation to cytolytic T lymphocyte effector cells. It is discussed herein that Glo is a marker for alloantigen‐stimulated precursor T lymphocytes of both helper and cytolytic T cells.