bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expectancy information as a moderator of the effects of hypnosis on memory
Authors: Burgess Cheryl A. , Kirsch Irving 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHighly suggestible and low‐suggestible students were shown slides of 40 line drawings and asked to recall them six times. Two‐thirds of the students were given a hypnotic induction and hypermnesia suggestion for trials 3 and 4. Half of these participants were told that hypnosis enhances memory. The others were warned that hypnosis can lead to the production of false memories. Highly suggestible students given memory enhancement expectancy information displayed an increase in confident errors during hypnosis and retained these false memories after hypnosis. However, this effect was mitigated during hypnosis and eliminated after hypnosis among students who were warned that it might occur. Compared to control participants, hypnosis did not produce an increase in accurate memories, regardless of warnings. These data argue against both the use of hypnosis to enhance memory and the per se exclusion of testimony from hypnotized witnesses. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis and Winnicott's transitional phase
Authors: Doron Adiel , Mendlovic Shlomo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWinnicott's transitional phase stands for the space where inner and outer realities are being connected and separated. It is through this unique phase that individuals progress from infantile autism to socialization. We suggest that hypnosis represents regression into the transitional phase. This may be of importance in designing therapy schemes that combine hypnosis and psychotherapy. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis with selected movement disorders
Authors: Medd David Y. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA particular subgroup of movement disorders have aetiologies involving the basal ganglia of the brain, which coordinate signals from the motor cortex and other inputs. Such disorders are classed as resulting from shortages or imbalances of specific neurotransmitters. In recent decades, hypnosis has been used with patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome and the dystonias, either experimentally or to achieve therapeutic changes. In this paper, an attempt to identify common and distinguishing factors is made, centred around the role of the autonomic nervous system, and in particular the role of the relaxation response. The results of previous work with Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome and the dystonias is briefly reviewed, and new work with dystonia and Sydenham's chorea is presented. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotherapy for the unstable bladder: four case reports
Authors: Smith Nigel , D'Hooghe Vasanti , Duffin Stephanie , Fitzsimmons Dawne , Rippin Chris , Wilde Gill 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe unstable bladder is a common disorder associated with frequent voiding, urgency, nocturia and urge incontinence. Four consecutive patients (one male, three female; aged from 47 to 69 years) presented with an unstable bladder condition which failed to respond to first‐line treatment by a specialist nurse. Treatments included advice on fluids, reduction of caffeine intake and bladder training. Detrusor instability was confirmed on urodynamic testing. These patients were unable to tolerate anticholinergic drugs or had contraindications to their use. Treatment consisted of three one‐hour sessions of hypnotherapy, including anxiety control methods, ego‐strengthening, training in self‐hypnosis, age progression, explanation of stable bladder function and the hand‐on‐abdomen technique used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Urinary symptoms had been present for a median of three years and three of the patients were experiencing regular episodes of urinary incontinence at the start of hypnotherapy. Two patients had an excellent response to treatment with complete remission of symptoms during a follow‐up period of six months. The other two patients derived some benefit from the treatment but continued to experience lower urinary tract symptoms. Brief hypnotherapy may offer some benefit to some patients who have failed to respond to first‐line treatment and are unable to take anticholinergic drugs. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
An Ericksonian approach to crack cocaine addiction: a single‐session intervention
Authors: Marcus Joel D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCocaine addiction is a significant problem in the United States and treatment is hampered by high relapse rates. This is particularly the case with crack cocaine because it is smoked and consequently has a rapid but relatively short‐lived effect on the brain. This readily creates a cycle of craving and dependence. Moreover, the multiple environmental cues associated with the craving set up powerful conditions for relapse. This paper describes an Ericksonian approach alongside more traditional hypnotic techniques. In particular, the methods of utilization and orientation to the future are described and a one‐year follow‐up is discussed. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis and HIV/AIDS spectrum illnesses: an Ericksonian method of utilization
Authors: Marcus Joel D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper describes an Ericksonian approach to the treatment of individuals who have been diagnosed as HIV‐positive and those who have AIDS. The different approaches required to these two related conditions are discussed and treatment programmes incorporating Ericksonian utilization techniques and more traditional hypnotic procedures are described. Dealing with a terminal illness is a major problem for clinicians working with these patients, and the use of hypnosis to facilitate the process of dying is addressed. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The use of hypnosis for a patient with chronic pain
Authors: Jack Margaret A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTo protect confidentiality, the patient will be referred to as Alice. Alice was a 58‐ year‐old woman who had been experiencing chronic pain in her right arm since an operation two years previously for syringomyelia. The referral, from an anaesthetist, requested psychological input for Alice to help her cope better with her pain, and adjust better to pain‐related losses, particularly the loss of her ability to engage in creative pursuits, and her vocational loss, having to leave her job as an art teacher. Hypnosis was used throughout six treatment sessions. She learned self‐hypnosis and used a tape which she eventually returned. She was able to use hypnosis to create complex visual images as if she were painting a picture. She thus regained some ability to imaginally enjoy her work again. She also learned to lower her pain levels through displacement and psychologically induced analgesia. Her general morale was lifted and a 6‐month follow‐up showed that the benefit of therapy was maintained despite significant family stress. She was no longer using painkillers or sleeping pills.Extracts from the transcripts are included to illustrate therapeutic technique and progress. Copyright © 1999 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic suggestibility and absorption: revisiting the context effect
Authors: Milling Leonard S. , Kirsch Irving , Burgess Cheryl 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMeasures of hypnotic suggestibility and absorption were administered to 150 participants in the context of a single experiment and to 146 participants in the guise of different experiments. Half of the participants received the absorption scale before being tested for suggestibility and half after. In both orders of administration, associations between suggestibility and absorption were significantly stronger when assessed in the same experimental context than when assessed in different contexts, and both variables were significantly affected by testing context. Overall, the findings indicate that relations between absorption and suggestibility are moderated by context and that this effect is not an artefact of non‐random sampling or of differences in time intervals between testing sessions. The results suggest that the association between absorption and suggestibility is modest at best and challenge the contention that absorption is a reliable personality trait marker of suggestibility. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The current status of hypnosis in Spain
Authors: Cangas Adolfo J. , Wagstaff Graham F. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWhile Spanish academic researchers have actively attempted to disengage hypnosis from its traditional links with altered states and automatism, and to promote it by linking hypnotic phenomena with other everyday psychological processes, in the legal field there seems to have been little activity. Among jurists, opinion is divided regarding the exact influence of hypnosis on conscious will, although some maintain that hypnosis can override will, and most that being in a state of hypnosis at the time of committing a criminal act can be used as a defence, depending on knowledge of the prior personality of the individual and the kind of suggestions given. Consequently, because of its alleged influence on will, hypnosis is forbidden by law in Spain as an investigative procedure. Likewise, the practice of hypnosis has been removed from Spanish public health system services, and it cannot be subsidized by private insurance companies. We conclude that traditional notions of hypnosis may be holding back its practical acceptance in Spain. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Can hypnosis cause madness?
Authors: Wagstaff Graham F. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractRecent controversy about the dangers of hypnosis came to a head in the summer of 1998 with the High Court trial in London of a stage hypnotist for allegedly inducing schizophrenia in one of his participants. In this paper a number of issues arising from the case are critically examined; included are the propositions put forward by the prosecution that the hypnotic state is similar, psychologically and neurophysiologically, to that of schizophrenia, and thereby, because of its very nature, hypnosis can increase vulnerability to psychotic illness and other forms of psychological damage; inadequate dehypnosis may lead to a person remaining in a pathological state; and a series of fairly routine stage hypnosis suggestions can act as a trigger for a schizophrenic reaction in certain individuals. It is concluded that hypnosis procedures must always be applied with due caution and regard to the rights of participants, but that there is no substantive scientific evidence to support any special link between hypnosis and the triggering of episodes of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2000 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Remembering and forgetting autobiographical events: instrumental uses of hypnosis
Authors: Barnier Amanda J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAlthough intrinsic hypnosis research focuses on the phenomenon of hypnosis itself, instrumental research uses hypnosis as a tool to investigate phenomena outside its immediate domain. The present paper illustrates the value of instrumental hypnosis research by focusing on the use of hypnosis to explore the remembering and forgetting of autobiographical events. In particular, the paper focuses on a programme of research using post‐hypnotic amnesia to develop a laboratory model of functional amnesia. This research highlights some of the theoretical and methodological challenges inherent in instrumental hypnosis research, as well as its interest and value. Finally, other potential uses of hypnosis within the domain of personal memory are discussed, including autobiographical memory in hypnotically elicited delusions. Copyright © 2002 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
A critical evaluation of the relationship between sustained attentional abilities and hypnotic susceptibility
Authors: Jamieson Graham A. , Sheehan Peter W. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDuring hypnosis, highly susceptible individuals report a loss of awareness of their surroundings and a narrowing of their awareness to the events suggested by the hypnotist. These individuals also report more frequent occurrences of deeply involving experiences in daily life. It has been widely theorized that the ability to strongly maintain the focus of attention underlies hypnotic susceptibility (Crawford, 1994). Studies making use of a range of behavioural measures are widely cited as supporting this view. However, lack of replication and uncertainty about the nature of the measures makes interpretation difficult. The present study uses a factor analytic design (n = 182) to explore the structure of the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility, imagery, absorption and a range of behavioural measures said in the hypnosis literature to correlate with susceptibility and to index sustained attentional abilities. If the general claims are correct, similar relationships should be found here. Further, an identifiable sustained attention factor should emerge from the covariance structure, including a substantial loading from susceptibility. These predictions were not supported. Results showed that only absorption correlated significantly with susceptibility. A sustained attention factor did emerge but was independent of the hypnosis absorption factor. Linkages between susceptibility and sustained attention remain undemonstrated. Copyright © 2002 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis in post‐abortion distress: an experimental case study
Authors: Walters Valerie J. , Oakley David A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present case study of a 23‐year‐old woman begins by exploring post‐abortion distress in context with hypnosis and identifies particular themes across symptoms that indicate that hypnosis may be an appropriate adjunct to therapy for this problem. For treatment a three‐phase framework was used, as proposed by Brown (1995) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptom changes were monitored throughout the course of therapy in a multiple‐baseline study design. The client, S, also completed preand post‐therapy questionnaires. The therapeutic outcome is described with reference to data collected from weekly monitoring and from written feedback regarding her own feelings about the therapy. The results indicate that the therapeutic interventions improved specific symptoms as well as general mental health and it is concluded that hypnosis may be a particularly appropriate adjunct to therapy for post‐abortion distress. Copyright © 2002 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Is response expectancy sufficient to account for hypnotic negative hallucinations?
Authors: Wagstaff Graham F. , Toner Steven , Cole Jon 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAccording to the response expectancy theory of hypnosis, hypnotic phenomena are fundamentally genuine and occur simply because subjects expect them to occur. In the present study, under both hypnotic and non‐hypnotic conditions, subjects were presented with a clear visual stimulus after being led to expect that they would see nothing, that is, they would experience a negative hallucination. Results showed that although about half the subjects were 100% confident that they would see nothing, all reported seeing something. Moreover, whereas expectancy did not correlate significantly with the clarity of the image, hypnotic depth did. Although the results are not supportive of expectancy theory, they are deemed to be compatible with both classic state theory and sociocognitive approaches to hypnosis that stress the operation of strategic enactment and compliance. Copyright © 2002 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Optometric uses of hypnosis
Authors: Evans Bruce J.W. , Barnard N.A. Simon , Arkush Carol 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe literature on optometric uses of hypnosis is reviewed. Probably, the most common uses are for patients with contact lens phobias and for those with intractable diplopia. This is double vision that does not respond to treatment and usually results from paresis of eye muscle(s) following trauma, a neurological lesion, or unsuccessful surgery. Attempts have also been made to use hypnosis to treat other optometric conditions, including refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia, and nystagmus. Only a few optometrists practise hypnosis and clearly such work should be confined to areas of their own expertise. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Teaching hypnosis in British psychology departments: a 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Fellows Brian J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn eight‐item questionnaire asking about the extent and nature of hypnosis teaching and research was sent to 65 British university psychology departments as a follow‐up to a previous survey conducted in 1984. Forty‐seven questionnaires were returned (72%). In some cases, the questionnaire was completed by the Head of Department, to whom they were addressed, and in others by a specialist member of staff. Results showed no overall change over the 10‐year period in the amount of hypnosis teaching or research. About one‐third of departments reported teaching hypnosis, but this usually consisted only of an occasional lecture or seminar. As before, few departments offered students any opportunity for practical work in the subject, with some notable exceptions. Only 11 departments reported research in hypnosis. However, attitudes towards hypnosis teaching and research remained very positive, with over 80% of returns asserting that hypnosis was a suitable subject for teaching and research. The benefits and problems associated with teaching hypnosis to students are identified and discussed. One major benefit is the high level of student interest in the subject. Problems include the misconceptions of ethical committees about the subject and the absence of further training and career opportunities in clinical hypnosis for psychology graduates. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Managing examination anxiety
Authors: Hart Barry B. , Hart Chrissi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHypnosis was used in a group format with 28 students attending an examination anxiety workshop prior to their ‘A’ level examinations. The workshop included a discussion of anxiety and stress, study skills, how to challenge negative self‐defeating statements, and a 30‐minute hypnosis session. The hypnosis was aimed at mental and physical relaxation and changing attitudes about examinations. Feedback immediately after the workshop clearly indicated that all students felt that their attendance was very worthwhile, and that the most highly rated part of the day was the hypnosis element. Follow‐up 4 months later indicated that most participants thought that the workshop was helpful in managing anxiety both before and during the examinations. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Can relaxation training and hypnotherapy modify the immune response to stress, and is hypnotizability relevant?
Authors: Johnson Vanessa C. , Walker Leslie G. , Heys Steven D. , Whiting Paul H. , Eremin Oleg 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA study was carried out with the following aims: (1) to evaluate the psychological and immunological effects of 3 weeks' relaxation practice; (2) to investigate the effects of relaxation training and hypnosis on the modulation of the immune response to an experimental stressor; and (3) to relate changes to hypnotic susceptibility. Twenty‐four healthy volunteers were assigned, according to a stratified, permuted blocks, random allocation procedure, to relaxation training with hypnosis or to a control condition. Subjects attended on three occasions: day 1, day 21 and day 22 or 23. Various psychological tests were carried out on each of the occasions and, in addition, samples of urine and blood were collected for immunological and biochemical analysis. Two samples of blood were taken at the second visit, one before exposure to an experimental stressor on day 21 and one immediately thereafter.Relaxation had several effects including improvement on a number of measures of mental state and a reduction in lymphocyte responsiveness and IL‐1 secretion. However, on exposure to the stressor, previous relaxation training and pre‐exposure hypnotic suggestion led to increased lymphocyte responsiveness and IL‐1 secretion.The extent to which IgA increased as a result of relaxation therapy for 3 weeks was positively correlated with Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) scores (changes in the control group during the same period were not correlated with CIS scores). Moreover, immediate changes in IL‐1 following exposure to the stressor were positively correlated with CIS scores in the experimental group and negatively in the control group. Hypnotizability, as assessed by the CIS, may be an important moderator of the psychoneuroimmunological response to relaxation training and exposure to acute stress. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Using hypnosis to aid recovery of taste sensation after a course of radiotherapy: a case study
Authors: Kraft Tom 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis is a case study of a 55‐year‐old lady, who lost all taste sensation after receiving an intensive course of radiotherapy. There was some improvement after two hypnosis sessions, and she made an excellent recovery after only eight hypnosis sessions. These findings suggest that hypnosis accelerates the rate of healing as regards taste sensation. The treatment involved powerful imagery of the preparation and eating of various food dishes. Though there were no explicit instructions as regards vasodilatation or increased warmth, it is argued that this could be a crucial factor in the accelerated healing of taste sensation. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Yellow Pages® advertisers of hypnotherapy: a survey of hypnosis beliefs and practice
Authors: Northcott Paul 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAll people advertising under the category of ‘hypnotherapy’ in the British Yellow Pages® telephone directories were surveyed by post. Beliefs about hypnosis were measured and information was sought concerning their professions. Of the 1155 questionnaires distributed, 52% were returned. Seventy‐four per cent of respondents reported using hypnosis as their main form of therapy; the remainder practised a diverse range of therapies. In contrast to findings of other surveys, results suggest the current sample had beliefs similar to present scientific views. The need for more research involving this group of hypnosis users is recommended. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Lay therapy again: is sexual involvement legitimate as treatment for non‐sexual disorders?
Authors: Vingoe Frank J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPope (1994) and his colleagues have carried research on the sexual attraction/relationship between therapists and their clients, and supervisors and their trainees in clinical psychology. Their findings have caused some concern, particularly with reference to the relative lack of training in this area. Both professionally qualified therapists and unqualified lay therapists are at risk. When hypnosis is involved, there may be concern that a sexual relationship could develop between therapist and client.The present paper includes a case study involving a lay therapist who was alleged to have committed various sexual offences with three of his clients. The results of this study are discussed and the implications for training underlined. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis