bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Lanthanum Ferrite Perovskite Nanoparticles: An Alternative Bio‐Approach Versus a Conventional Chemical Approach
Authors: Kay S. Jasmine Jecintha , Chidhambaram Natarajan , Thirumurugan Arun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of perovskite‐type oxide LaFeO3 nanoparticles via chemical as well as bio approaches. Azadirachta indica (neem) extract's impact on the LaFeO3 nanoparticles has been studied to identify potential substitutes for detrimental chemical synthesis. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) examinations of synthesized perovskites by both routes reveal the cubic LaFeO3 phase and identical crystallographic patterns. The optical bandgap energies (Eg) for the chemical and bio‐synthesized variants are determined to be 2.05 and 2.03 eV, respectively using UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis affirms the occurrence of two significant vibrational bands at 558 and 438 cm−1, which strengthen the formation of perovskite LaFeO3. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) investigation indicates the chemical variant has larger blockier‐shaped particles, whereas the bio‐synthesized sample has a micro‐spherical morphology with sharp edges. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations substantiate the chemical state of La‐3d, Fe‐2p, and O‐1s present in both variants, which comprises the 3 : 3 perovskite type. Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) analysis elucidates weak ferromagnetism at room temperature in both of the synthesized samples. The novelty of this work concentrates on divulging that green synthesized LaFeO3 perovskites are more environmentally benign and affordable than chemically synthesized ones.
Microscopic and Spectroscopic Study on Phase Separation in Highly Crosslinked Biobased Polyurethane Thermosets
Authors: Müller Sabrina , Allnoch Dominik , Ege Alexander , Rebner Karsten , Chassé Thomas , Lorenz Günter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study a biobased polyurethane (PU) thermoset is investigated due to its turbidity. In contrary to the expectations, the turbidity increases with a higher amount of a low molecular weight crosslinker. Morphological aspects are investigated with SEM imaging and measurement of the effective scattering coefficient μ’s. FTIR spectroscopy is applied to study the influence of the chemical structure. This is combined with multivariate data analysis to identify the relevant peaks. SEM images show spherical precipitations with increasing turbidity and a simultaneous increase in the μ’s values. FTIR analysis shows a significant amount of unreacted isocyanate‐(NCO)groups and a low level of hydrogen bonding. No formation of typical hard and soft segments is detectable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase in polarity differences with increasing crosslinker amount disabled the mixture of the polyol and isocyanate components, resulting in the precipitation of the isocyanate. At the same time, the low molecular weight crosslinker (~200 g mol−1) can react with the NCO quickly, reducing the mobility of the polymer chain, with remaining, non‐reacted isocyanate. A proof for the correlation of the differences in the FTIR and the μ’s values was found by a regression analysis with an R2 of 0.94.
Boosting the ORR/OER Activity of Cobalt‐Based Nano‐Catalysts by Co 3d Orbital Regulation
Authors: Meng Nan , Feng Yun , Zhao ZiRui , Lian Fang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe transition metal oxides/sulfides are considered promising catalysts due to their abundant resources, facile synthesis, and reasonable electrocatalytic activity. Herein, a significantly improved intrinsic catalytic activity is achieved for constructing a Co‐based nanocrystal (Co‐S@NC) with the coordination of Co─S, Co─S─C, and Co─Nx─C. The calculational and experimental results demonstrate that the diversified chemical environment of Co‐cations induces the transition of 3d orbitals to a high spin‐state that exhibits the coexistence of Co2+ with fully occupied dπ orbitals and Co3+ with unpaired electrons in dπ orbitals. The diverse dπ orbitals occupation contributes to an elevated d‐band center of Co ions, which accelerates oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalytic kinetics of the Co‐S@NC nanocrystal. Therefore, the Li–O2 batteries with Co‐S@NC as cathode catalyst exhibit 300 cycles at the current density of 500 mA g−1 with a cut‐off capacity of 1000 mAh g−1. Moreover, the ultrahigh discharge specific capacity of 34 587 mAh g−1 is obtained at a current density of 1000 mA g−1, corresponding to the energy density 949 Wh kg−1 of a prototype Li–O2 battery. The study on 3d orbital regulation of nanocrystals provides an innovative strategy for bifunctional electrocatalysts toward the practical application of metal–air batteries.
DTFL‐DF: Digital twin architecture powered by federated learning decision forest to mitigate fire accidents in mining industry
Authors: Kamalakannan Udayakumar , Sriramulu Ramamoorthy , Ramamurthi Poorvadevi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAutomation is the guiding principle of this new era, and despite the problems that humanity faces as a result of automation, technology has greatly benefitted people by streamlining challenging jobs across many industries. The mining business, where there are frequently unforeseen mishaps, is one such industry that requires complete automation. In this work, a new simulative processing environment termed DTFL‐DF—Digital twin federated learning decision forest a digital twin environment that is tailored to handle unforeseen fire incidents—is offered as a means of avoiding these unplanned catastrophes in the mining industry. Although the design presented here is intended for usage in the mining sector, it can also be applied to other sectors. The overall technological contribution of this study is to guarantee the processing of real‐time data in order to successfully handle mission‐critical operations without relying on past data. This is accomplished by adapting the digital twin's original design and distributing the processing environment within the edge‐fog layer. Results analysis in the form of robustness analysis, performance evaluation of the classification model, etc. provides strong support for the suggested methodology. For handling the decentralized training procedure, a brand‐new algorithm termed FL‐DF is put forth in order to speed up classification and prevent any sort of catastrophe.
Possible correlation between status epilepticus and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome in a West Highland white terrier
Authors: Pompermaier Elisa , Bacon Jessica , Albuquerque Carolina , Silvia Colverde Alessia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStatus epilepticus secondary to hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome is a recognised complication of diabetes mellitus in human medicine; however, very few cases have been documented in veterinary medicine. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of not previously reported epileptic seizures in a dog shortly after adjustment of insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus. At presentation, the patient was in status epilepticus, and the blood analysis revealed severe hyperglycaemia with absent ketonaemia. With a history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia was a common finding at previous rechecks when no neurological signs were reported. A targeted anti‐seizure protocol was initiated in an attempt to control the status epilepticus. A multimodal approach with multiple anti‐seizure medications, as per the recommendations in the consensus statement for management of status epilepticus in dogs, was unsuccessful in abiding epileptic seizures. In order to investigate a suspected intracranial disease, a magnetic resonance imaging of the head under general anaesthesia was performed. The study revealed diffuse cortical atrophy, which was deemed unlikely to be the cause of status epilepticus in a 12‐year‐old West Highland white terrier that never showed any other neurological abnormality. Based on these findings, reactive epilepsy was suspected, possibly related to a systemic condition such as a metabolic disease. As a consequence, re‐evaluation of the case was performed, with calculation of serum osmolality. Increased total and effective osmolality were confirmed, raising suspicion of hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Treatment with fluid therapy and neutral insulin continuous‐rate infusion led to improvement of the hyperglycaemia and osmolality. Once the insulin was commenced together with the anti‐seizure medications, the epileptic seizures resolved. Potential mechanisms of onset of epileptic seizures secondary to hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome and its management are discussed.
Neurological complications following spinal anaesthesia in a goat
Authors: Ishihara Toshitsugu , Bayne Jenna , Yin Ji‐Hang , Starbird Cierra , Hofmeister Erik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, female, mixed breed goat presented for an abdominal hernia repair. After anaesthetic induction, spinal anaesthesia at the level of the lumbosacral junction was performed with preservative‐free morphine. After extubation, the patient developed neurological symptoms, which included extensor rigidity in the hindlimbs, twisting and bending at the thoracolumbar junction, and horizontal nystagmus. The patient also began vocalising and had hypersalivation. Three hours after the completion of anaesthesia, the patient was able to rise on its own. Two days after general anaesthesia, the patient collapsed unexpectedly. The postmortem examination revealed spinal haemorrhage and pulmonary thrombosis. Pulmonary thrombosis might have led to the death of the goat; however, a definitive conclusion was not reached regarding the cause of the pulmonary thrombosis and spinal haemorrhage. Veterinarians should be aware of possible complications with spinal anaesthesia, although rare; the evident cause for the neurological symptoms in this case remains unclear.
Der Safety Case als Grundlage für Entscheidungen unter Ungewissheit
Authors: Röhlig Klaus-Jürgen 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungAussagen und Bewertungen zur Sicherheit sind eine wichtige Grundlage für Entscheidungen zum Beispiel zur Auswahl eines Endlagerstandorts oder zur Genehmigung eines Endlagers. Die Methodik des Safety Case ermöglicht eine strukturierte und nachvollziehbare Erarbeitung und Dokumentation solcher Aussagen und Bewertungen und ist damit eine wesentliche Entscheidungsgrundlage. Im deutschen Standortauswahlverfahren kommt die Methodik in den sogenannten vorläufigen Sicherheitsuntersuchungen in jeder der drei Verfahrensphasen zur Anwendung. Zum Safety Case gehören eine systematische Darstellung der jeweils bestehenden Ungewissheiten und die Erarbeitung von Empfehlungen zum weiteren Umgang mit ihnen. Behörden und politische Akteure versetzt der Safety Case in die Lage, sicherheitsrelevante Ungewissheiten im Entscheidungsprozess zu erkennen und zu berücksichtigen. Der Beitrag skizziert Struktur und Rolle des Safety Case, diskutiert Möglichkeiten und Grenzen beim Umgang mit Ungewissheiten und ordnet den Safety Case – je nach Fragestellung, gesellschaftlichem, politischem und juristischem Kontext und Stand des Entsorgungsprogramms und Endlagerprojekts unterschiedliche – Entscheidungssituationen zu.
Hoffnung und Zuversicht für 1 Million Jahre
Authors: Sierra Rosa 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Beitrag gehe ich der Frage nach, ob Hoffnung und Zuversicht Kompetenzen zum Umgang mit Ungewissheiten darstellen und Grundlage von Umgangsstrategien mit anthropogenen Ungewissheiten sein könnten, insbesondere angesichts mittel- und langfristiger gesellschaftspolitischer Entwicklungen. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der Kategorie der anthropogenen Ungewissheiten sowie der Idee transdisziplinärer Forschung als Grundlage für politische Entscheidung zum Umgang mit Ungewissheiten betrachte ich die Rolle der Hoffnung am Beispiel des Klimawandels. Anschließend beleuchte ich ein sicherheitsrelevantes Ziel bzw. einen sicherheitsrelevanten Zustand im Rahmen der Entsorgung hochradioaktiver Abfälle in Deutschland sowie die Akteur:innen in jedem dieser beiden Fälle: Zuversicht angesichts der Lernfähigkeit des Verfahrens sowie Hoffnung auf das Fortbestehen des rechtsstaatlichen Rahmens. Nach einer vertiefenden Betrachtung der Begriffe Zuversicht und Hoffnung argumentiere ich für eine positive Funktion der Zuversicht und weise auf die ambivalente Rolle der Hoffnung hin: Forscher:innen und Mitglieder der verantwortlichen Institutionen sind angehalten, ihreZuversicht zu zeigendort, wo sie angesichts der Entwicklung des lernenden Verfahrens begründet besteht. Das Fortbestehen eines demokratischen Rechtsstaats für den gesamten Entsorgungsprozessimplizit vorauszusetzen,ist aber grundsätzlich zu vermeiden. Politiker:innen und Bürger:innen dürfen – im Sinne Kants – auf das Fortbestehen eines rechtsstaatlichen Rahmens dennochhoffen,d. h. sie sollen daran weiter arbeiten trotz der Ungewissheit angesichts seiner Entwicklung.
Two-loop massive QCD and QED helicity amplitudes for light-by-light scattering
Authors: A H Ajjath , Chaubey Ekta , Shao Hua-Sheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present the analytic and compact two-loop helicity amplitudes for QCD and QED corrections to the light-by-light scattering process with massive internal fermions. We express the master integrals either in terms of multiple polylogarithms or in terms of iterated integrals with dlog one-forms. We also elaborate on optimising the analytic results for each phase-space region. This makes the numerical evaluation of the scattering amplitudes fast, stable and suitable for phenomenological applications.
Compact scalars at the cosmological collider
Authors: Chakraborty Priyesh , Stout John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the dynamics of scalar fields with compact field spaces, or axions, in de Sitter space. We argue that the field space topology can qualitatively affect the physics of these fields beyond just which terms are allowed in their actions. We argue that the sharpest difference is for massless fields — the free massless noncompact scalar field does not admit a two-point function that is both de Sitter-invariant and well-behaved at long distances, while the massless compact scalar does. As proof that this difference can be observable, we show that the long-distance behavior of a heavy scalar field, and thus its cosmological collider signal, can qualitatively change depending on whether it interacts with a light compact or noncompact scalar field. We find an interesting interplay between the circumference of the field space and the Hubble scale. When the field space is much larger than Hubble, the compact field behaves similarly to a light noncompact field and forces the heavy field to dilute much faster than any free field can. However, depending on how much smaller the field space is compared to Hubble, the compact field can cause the heavy scalar to decay either faster or slower than any free field and so we conclude that there can be qualitative and observable consequences of the field space’s topology in inflationary correlation functions.
Positive regulation of Vav1 by Themis controls CD4 T cell pathogenicity in a mouse model of central nervous system inflammation
Authors: Marrocco Remi , Bernard Isabelle , Joulia Emeline , Barascud Rebecca , Dejean Anne S. , Lesourne Renaud , Saoudi Abdelhadi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe susceptibility to autoimmune diseases is conditioned by the association of modest genetic alterations which altogether weaken self-tolerance. The mechanism whereby these genetic interactions modulate T-cell pathogenicity remains largely uncovered. Here, we investigated the epistatic interaction of two interacting proteins involved in T Cell Receptor signaling and which were previously associated with the development of Multiple Sclerosis. To this aim, we used mice expressing an hypomorphic variant of Vav1 (Vav1R63W), combined with a T cell-conditional deletion of Themis. We show that the combined mutations in Vav1 and Themis induce a strong attenuation of the severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), contrasting with the moderate effect of the single mutation in each of those two proteins. This genotype-dependent gradual decrease of EAE severity correlates with decreased quantity of phosphorylated Vav1 in CD4 T cells, establishing that Themis promotes the development of encephalitogenic Tconv response by enhancing Vav1 activity. We also show that the cooperative effect of Themis and Vav1 on EAE severity is independent of regulatory T cells and unrelated to the impact of Themis on thymic selection. Rather, it results from decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, TNF and GM-CSF) and reduced T cell infiltration in the CNS. Together, our results provide a rationale to study combination of related genes, in addition to single gene association, to better understand the genetic bases of human diseases.
Lesion Eccentricity Plays a Key Role in Determining the Pressure Gradient of Serial Stenotic Lesions: Results from a Computational Hemodynamics Study
Authors: van de Velde L. , Groot Jebbink E. , Jain K. , Versluis M. , Reijnen M. M. P. J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In arterial disease, the presence of two or more serial stenotic lesions is common. For mild lesions, it is difficult to predict whether their combined effect is hemodynamically significant. This study assessed the hemodynamic significance of idealized serial stenotic lesions by simulating their hemodynamic interaction in a computational flow model.

Materials and Methods
Flow was simulated with SimVascular software in 34 serial lesions, using moderate (15 mL/s) and high (30 mL/s) flow rates. Combinations of one concentric and two eccentric lesions, all 50% area reduction, were designed with variations in interstenotic distance and in relative direction of eccentricity. Fluid and fluid–structure simulations were performed to quantify the combined pressure gradient.

Results
At a moderate flow rate, the combined pressure gradient of two lesions ranged from 3.8 to 7.7 mmHg, which increased to a range of 12.5–24.3 mmHg for a high flow rate. Eccentricity caused an up to two-fold increase in pressure gradient relative to concentric lesions. At a high flow rate, the combined pressure gradient for serial eccentric lesions often exceeded the sum of the individual lesions. The relative direction of eccentricity altered the pressure gradient by 15–25%. The impact of flow pulsatility and wall deformability was minor.

Conclusion
This flow simulation study revealed that lesion eccentricity is an adverse factor in the hemodynamic significance of isolated stenotic lesions and in serial stenotic lesions. Two 50% lesions that are individually non-significant can combine more often than thought to hemodynamic significance in hyperemic conditions.

Graphical Abstract
Sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with negative illness perception in patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, or psoriatic arthritis—a survey based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lindgren Luise Holberg , de Thurah Annette , Thomsen Tanja , Hetland Merete Lund , Aadahl Mette , Vestergaard Sofie Bech , Kristensen Sara Danshøj , Esbensen Bente Appel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhen newly diagnosed with inflammatory arthritis (IA), acquiring self-management skills is beneficial, to enhance quality of life. The personal beliefs and mental representations patients hold about their illness, known as illness perception, significantly influence the development of these skills. Recognizing characteristics that affect illness perception is key to identifying patients requiring additional support for the development of self-management skills. This study aimed at identifying the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with a negative illness perception. This cross-sectional study was based on survey data from patients diagnosed for ≤ 2 years. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) was used to measure illness perception. After psychometric testing, we divided the B-IPQ into two domains: (1) a control domain and (2) a consequence domain. We performed logistic regression analyses with multiple imputations. A total of 1,360 patients (61% females) were included. Among them, 64%, 20%, and 16% were diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), respectively. Younger patients with lower socioeconomic status, a diagnosis of PsA or axSpA, high disease activity (OR 3.026, CI 2.208;4.147), severe physical disability (OR 4.147. CI 2.883;6.007), severe pain (OR 3.034, CI 1.991;4.622), and severe fatigue (OR 2.612, CI 1.942;3.513) were significantly more likely to report having a negative illness perception. Younger patients with a higher symptom burden, increased disease activity, lower socioeconomic status, and a diagnosis of PsA or axSpA may require additional attention and support in rheumatology clinical practice to aid in the development of their self-management skills.
Multiscale modelling of particulate composites with spherical inclusions
Authors: Elbana Abdalla , Khennane Amar , Hazell Paul J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel and effective strategy for modelling three-dimensional periodic representative volume elements (RVE) of particulate composites. The proposed method aims to generate an RVE that can represent the microstructure of particulate composites with hollow spherical inclusions for homogenization (e.g., deriving the full-field effective elastic properties). The RVE features periodic and randomised geometry suitable for the application of periodic boundary conditions in finite element analysis. A robust algorithm is introduced following the combined theories of Monte Carlo and collision driven molecular dynamics to pack spherical particles in random spatial positions within the RVE. This novel technique can achieve a high particle-matrix volume ratio of up to 50% while still maintaining geometric periodicity across the domain and random distribution of inclusions within the RVE. Another algorithm is established to apply periodic boundary conditions (PBC) to precisely generate full field elastic properties of such microstructures. Furthermore, a user-friendly automatic ABAQUS CAE plug-in tool ‘Gen_PRVE’ is developed to generate three-dimensional RVE of any spherical particulate composite or porous material. Gen_PRVE provides users with a great deal of flexibility to generate Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) with varying side dimensions, sphere sizes, and periodic mesh resolutions. In addition, this tool can be effectively utilized to conduct a rapid mesh convergence study, an RVE size sensitivity study, and investigate the impact of inclusion/matrix volume fraction on the solution. Lastly, examples of these applications are presented.