bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification, characterization, and serologic characteristics of Bacteroides nodosus pili and use of a purified pili vaccine in sheep
Authors: Lee Simon W. , Alexander Barbara , McGowan Blaine 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hair-like appendages (pili) were isolated and purified from Bacteroides nodosus, the etiologic agent of foot rot disease in sheep.
Microscopic and biochemical analyses indicated that pili from organisms isolated in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States are morphologically and structurally similar. Pili are filamentous assemblies of identical protein subunits. Using specific antisera raised in rabbits against pili, 7 antigenic types were identified. A geographic pattern in the distribution of the pilus serotypes was not evident.
In a preliminary vaccine trial, sheep vaccinated with purified pili developed resistance to challenge exposure to B nodosus. Protection was correlated positively with the serum anti-pilus antibody titers.
Inoculation of neonatal gnotobiotic dogs with a canine rotavirus
Authors: Johnson Charles A. , Fulton Robert W. , Henk William G. , Snider Theron G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neonatal gnotobiotic dogs were inoculated orally with a rotavirus isolated from a pup with fatal diarrhea, and in the gnotobiotic dogs, diarrhea was observed between postinoculation hours (pih) 20 and 24. The diarrhea persisted through pih 154, and inoculated pups had clinical signs of dehydration after pih 24. Negative-contrast electron microscopy of the feces from inoculated pups revealed rotavirus particles from pih 12 through 154.
Using an indirect-fluorescent antibody test, serum rotavirus antibody was detected in inoculated pups by pih 96. In the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of inoculated pups, group-specific rotaviral antigen was observed within absorptive villus epithelial cells and mononuclear cells in the villus lamina propria with an indirect-fluorescent antibody test. Fluorescence was seen in the small intestine of inoculated pups killed by pih 12 and was present in intestines of pups killed through pih 154. Rotaviral antigen was also seen in the mesenteric lymph nodes of a few inoculated pups killed at pih 48.
Influence of modified protein diets on the nutritional status of dogs with induced chronic renal failure
Authors: Polzin David J. , Osborne Carl A. , Stevens Jerry B. , Hayden David W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The influence of a canine maintenance diet containing 44.4% protein (dry weight) and 2 reduced-protein renal-failure diets containing 8.2% or 17.2% protein (dry weight) on the nutritional status of dogs with induced chronic renal failure was evaluated for 40 weeks. Nutritional status was assessed by changes in serially determined body weights, hindlimb circumferences, serum protein concentrations, complete blood cell counts, serum cholesterol concentrations, glucose tolerance tests, and blood glucose concentrations. Evidence of suboptimum nutritional status was observed in dogs fed the 8.2% or 44.4% protein diets, but not in dogs fed the 17.2% protein diet. Only a small reduction in hindlimb circumference developed in dogs fed the 17.2% protein diet. Reduced body weight and hindlimb circumference and normocytic normochromic anemia developed in dogs fed the 44.4% protein diet. Reduced body weight and hindlimb circumference, hypoal-buminemia, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and normocytic normochromic anemia developed in dogs fed the 8.2% protein diet. A beneficial effect of moderate dietary protein restriction (17.2% protein) on the nutritional status of the dogs was observed. In contrast, excessive intake or restriction of dietary protein was associated with detrimental effects.
Detection of immune complexes in serum of dogs with neoplastic disease by solid-phase C1q binding, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A solid-phase C1q-binding assay for detection of serum immune complexes (ic) was modified for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody method. The ic values were measured in sera from 25 clinically normal dogs and 74 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplastic disease. Serum ic values were expressed in micrograms of heat-aggregated canine immunoglobulin per milliliter that would produce equivalent binding under the same assay conditions. The ic concentrations in sera from normal dogs and dogs with neoplastic disease (mean ± sd) were 98 ± 45 and 701 ± 1,409 μg of aggregated canine immunoglobulin G equivalents/ml, respectively. Concentrations in the clinically normal group appeared to be distributed normally and clustered around the middle range of ic values. Dogs with neoplasms had ic values with an irregular distribution, and in general, more dogs had high and low concentrations of ic compared with those in the clinically normal group.
Sarcocystis infection in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Montana: Intensity and description of Sarcocystis odoi n sp
Authors: Dubey J. P. , Lozier Scott M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sarcocystis infection was diagnosed in 27 of 36 (75%) samples of meat from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Montana. Two structurally distinct thin- and thick-walled sarcocysts were found in the white-tailed deer; the thin-walled sarcocysts were those of S odocoileocanis. A new name, S odoi, was proposed for the thick-walled sarcocysts. Sarcocysts of S odoi were up to 1,050 μm long and 260 μm wide and contained a 6.5- to 12-μm thick wall. The ultrastructure of sarcocysts of S odocoileocanis was compared with that of S odoi. A cat fed meat containing thin- and thick-walled sarcocysts shed oocysts and sporocysts 24 days later. The sporocysts in the cat's feces were 13.3 × 9.6 μm and probably belonged to S odoi.
Identification of canine T lymphocytes by membrane receptor to peanut agglutinin: T-lymphocyte identification in dogs with lupus-like syndrome
Authors: Rigal D. , Bendali-Ahcène S. , Monier J. C. , Mohana K. , Fournel C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Canine T lymphocytes were detected, using fluorescent peanut agglutinin (pna) as a marker. Using a fluorescent technique and cytofluorometry, 70 ± 11% and 72.4%, respectively, of peripheral blood lymphocytes were bound to pna. Of thymocytes, 97 ± 4.5% were detected by fluorescent pna, but < 1% were detected for lymphocytes from bone marrow. The T-lymphocyte depletion and enrichment indicated that pna was bound to lymphocytes recognized by anti-T-lymphocyte heterologous serum. A T-lymphocyte deficiency was detected among 8 dogs with a lupus-like syndrome.
Development of Sarcocystis alceslatrans Dubey, 1980, in the small intestine of dogs
Authors: Colwell Douglas D. , Mahrt Jerome L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Laboratory-reared dogs were fed moose musculature infected with Sarcocystis alceslatrans. These dogs shed sporocysts [15.6 × 11.4 µm (14.4 to 15.8 × 10.8 to 11.5)] 11 to 15 days after inoculation. The prepatent period was 10 to 14 days. Two cats and 1 coyote that also ate infected moose musculature did not pass sporocysts. Histologic examination of intestinal tissue from experimentally infected dogs revealed microgamonts, macrogametes, and oocysts. All stages were present in the lamina propria of the small intestine, usually in the luminal third of the villi. Infections were concentrated in the proximal half of the small intestine. Oocysts were first noticed in dogs killed 7 days after inoculation and a sequence of sporogonic development occurred in dogs killed on subsequent days. Ultrastructural observations were made on the oocyst and sporocyst walls during sporogony.
Hematologic and biochemical abnormalities associated with induced extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in the cat
Authors: Center S. A. , Baldwin B. H. , King J. M. , Tennant B. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bile duct obstruction was induced in 6 cats by surgical ligation and transection of the common bile duct. Clinical and laboratory changes were monitored weekly for 25 to 54 days. Clinical signs of obstruction were similar in all cats and included anorexia, pyrexia, lethargy, intermittent vomiting, weight loss, palpable gallbladder, hepatomegaly, and bleeding tendencies. Tissue jaundice and acholic feces were evident grossly as early as postsurgical day (psd) 4 with a mean onset of jaundice at psd 5.3 ± 0.4.
Hematologic changes were initially characterized by a mild neutrophilic leukocytosis that increased with the chronicity of bile duct obstruction. Regenerative anemia developed in 4 cats associated with gastrointestinal blood loss. Acute serum biochemical changes were characterized by a marked increase in the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, and copper. Comparatively, only moderate increases in mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. Mean total bilirubin values increased remarkably at postsurgical week (psw) 1, reaching a maximal value of 23.1 ± 4.4 mg/dl at psw 3 with 71.6 ± 2.7% direct bilirubin.
With chronicity of bile duct obstruction ranging from psw 3 to psw 7, the mean serum values of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, serum alkaline phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin stabilized and then declined, whereas the increased mean serum copper values persisted. At psd 25 to 54, hepatic copper values and serum bile acids were markedly increased. Seemingly, clinicopathologic changes of induced cholestatic hepatic injury depended largely on the duration of biliary obstruction. In addition to the conventionally used liver enzyme measurements, serum values of bile acids, total cholesterol, and copper may be of value in the assessment of clinical cholestatic hepatic injury in the cat.
Challenge exposure of cattle vaccinated with a chemically altered strain of Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Kucera C. J. , Wong J. C. S. , Feldner T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves vaccinated with a chemically altered strain of Pasteurella haemolytica and their nonvaccinated controls were challenge exposed intranasally with the Cooper strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Five days later, the calves were challenge exposed intratracheally with the P haemolytica type A1.
Calves that had been vaccinated with large, medium, or small doses of the chemically altered vaccinal strain of P haemolytica had various degrees of resistance to the experimental challenge exposure. Nonvaccinated animals developed severe respiratory tract disease and pneumonia after challenge exposure.
Effect of the intramammary device on milk infection status, yield, and somatic cell count and on the morphological features of the lactiferous sinus of the bovine udder
Authors: Huston G. E. , Heald C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty primiparous heifers were fitted intramammarily with polyethylene coils in both quarters of one random right or left udder half at 5 days after parturition. Foremilk samples were collected and udder-half milk yields were measured at the afternoon milking on days −1, 3, 7, and 14 and on every 14th day for 8 months after the device was inserted. Three weeks after the heifers were fitted with the intramammary device, 6 were euthanatized for gross observation of devices and tissues and cytologic evaluation of the gland cistern epithelium.
There were significantly fewer bacterial isolations (P < 0.01) and less clinical mastitis (P < 0.05) in treated quarters than in the control quarters. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated at frequencies of 0 and 15.2% for treated and control quarters. The reduction in isolation frequency for treated, compared with control, quarters was less marked with other organisms. Intramammary devices in no way interfered with the milking process. Milk yields per milking were 4.2 kg for treated udder halves compared with 4.4 kg for control halves; however, this 0.2 kg difference was not significant. Mean milk somatic cell counts, as determined by electronic counter, were 34 × 103 and 81 × 103 cells/ml for control and treated quarters (P < 0.05). Mean bovine serum albumin values were 0.160 and 0.175 mg/ml for control and treated udder halves (P < 0.05), indicating an increased capillary permeability due to the device. Quantitative morphologic analysis of gland cisterns showed a significant (P < 0.05) change toward a single layer of epithelial cells in treated quarters compared with a double layer in control quarters. Influence of intramammary devices on frequency of new infections probably is multifaceted, involving polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration, blood protein permeability, gland cistern epithelial modifications, and other undetermined mechanisms.
Distribution of blood flow during moderate and strenuous exercise in ponies (Equus caballus)
Authors: Parks Christine M. , Manohar Murli 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Blood flow to the brain, heart, kidneys, diaphragm, and skeletal muscles was studied at rest and during graded treadmill exercise, using radionuclide-labeled microspheres (15 µm diameter), in 11 healthy adult ponies. Hemodynamic changes brought about by exercise included marked increases in cardiac output, mean aortic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and right ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures. Blood flow to the brain stem and cerebral hemispheres was unchanged during both moderate exercise (heart rate = 154 ± 3 beats/min) and severe exercise (heart rate = 225 ± 7 beats/min). Despite marked hypocapnia during severe exercise, cerebellar blood flow increased by 32% above control value (94 ± 7 ml/min/100 g). Myocardial blood flow increased transmurally with both levels of exercise. The endo:epi (inner:outer) perfusion ratio for the left ventricle and the interventricular septum decreased during exercise. It was, however, not different from unity. During severe exercise, renal blood flow decreased to 19% of its control value. Blood flow to the diaphragm exceeded that to the skeletal muscles during both intensities of exercise. Blood flow to the exercising muscles of the brachium and thigh increased by 31- to 38-fold during moderate exercise and by 70- to 76-fold during severe exercise. It is concluded that the cardiovascular response to strenuous exercise in the pony included an increase in blood flow to the cerebellum, myocardium, diaphragm, and exercising skeletal muscles, while blood flow was diverted away from the kidneys. It would appear that the pony's cardiovascular response to severe exercise is similar to that of persons.
Modification of the effects of aflatoxin B1 and warfarin in young pigs given selenium
Authors: Davila J. C. , Edds G. T. , Osuna O. , Simpson C. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Selenium may be related to the hepatic metabolism of the coumarin compounds aflatoxin B1 and warfarin. Selenium evidently increased the pharmacologic activity of warfarin, probably due to a displacement of warfarin from albumin by selenium, the close relationship among selenium, vitamin E, and sulphur-containing groups (eg, glutathione), or the antioxidant effect of selenium. A diet containing selenium in a concentration of 2.5 mg/kg of feed was protective against the toxic effects of both coumarins in pigs given 4 daily oral doses of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight. Selenium, as glutathione peroxidase, at least in part, protects the hepatic cells against the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and warfarin. The protection was demonstrated by alteration of clinical responses and hematologic (prothrombin times), electrophoretic, and clinical chemistry values. It also was demonstrated that selenium at 2.5 mg/kg of feed does not produce toxic effects; however, dietary selenium at a concentration of 5 mg/kg (and in the presence of both toxic agents) was toxic for young pigs within the 3-week experimental period. Warfarin was more active as an anticoagulant than aflatoxin B1.
Considerations of the structure of sesquiterpene lactones on biological activity: Influence of the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety on mast cell degranulation
Authors: Elissalde M. H. , Ivie G. W. , Rowe L. D. , Elissalde G. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mast cell degranulation was quantitated by measuring percentage of histamine release, 45Ca2+ ion influx, or c-AMP cellular levels after stimulation with various concentrations of the sesquiterpene lactones hymenovin, helenalin, or tenulin. Hymenovin and helenalin, which contain an α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety, produced extensive degranulation. Alkylation of the α-methylene-γ-lactone group of these compounds with the amino acid cysteine before mast cell stimulation drastically reduced the capacity of these lactones to stimulate histamine release. Tenulin, which does not contain an α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety, generally stimulated degranulation approximately equal to that of cysteine-treated hymenovin or helenalin. These data indicate that sesquiterpene lactones containing α-methylene-γ-lactone are potent stimulators of mast cell degranulation. This phenomenon may have a significant role in the toxicity of some sesquiterpene lactones of poisonous plants when ingested by livestock.
Standard antisera produced in ponies for the identification of bovine mycoplasmas: Comparative growth-inhibition results from six laboratories
Authors: Stalheim O. H. V. , Cottew G. S. , Freundt E. A. , Koski T. A. , Leach R. H. , Perreau P. , Stone S. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antisera to 10 mycoplasmal species of bovine origin were produced in 10 ponies and were distributed for evaluation in growth-inhibition tests at 6 laboratories in Australia, England, Denmark, France, and the United States. Except for a few failures with some antigens produced at the 6 laboratories, the antisera induced large zones of growth inhibition in homologous, but not heterologous, systems. These antisera may be useful as standard reagents for the identification of the bovine mycoplasmas.
Infectivity in sheep of blood lymphocytes from bovine leukemia virus-infected cows with different nuclear pocket prevalences
Authors: Weber A. F. , Schmerr M. J. , Sorensen D. K. , Bingham C. , Pomeroy K. , Miller J. M. , Van Der Maaten M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The infectivity for the bovine leukemia virus (blv) of bovine blood lymphocytes, with varying lymphocyte nuclear pocket (lnp) prevalence, was studied by intradermal injection of buffy coat leukocytes from cows into sheep.
Thirty-five sheep were assigned to 3 groups of 9, 11, and 15, respectively, as recipients of blood leukocytes from individual cows as follows: 9 leukocyte donor cows included 3 blv-seropositive cows with high (≥ 2.0%) lnp prevalence (group 1); 3 blv-seropositive cows with low (< 0.5%) lnp prevalence (group 2); and 3 blv-seronegative cows with increased (≥ 0.5%) lnp prevalence (group 3).
The 9 sheep in group 1 became blv-seropositive by postinoculation day (pid) 57 as determined by the agar-gel immunodiffusion test; 2 of 11 sheep in group 2 became agar-gel immunodiffusion seropositive by pid 40; none of the 15 sheep of group 3 became seropositive by pid 92.
Seemingly, there is a real difference in infectivity among blv-seropositive cattle which is related to lnp prevalence, and seronegative cattle with increased lnp prevalence may be noninfectious, ie, were not carrying covert blv virogene.
Characteristics of the polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid assay for noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Rossi Charles R. , Kiesel George K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The use of polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) for noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (nc-bvdv) assay (pinba) was studied. Several viruses were tested for their suitability as test challenge viruses. In addition to vesicular stomatitis virus, which previously was shown to be a suitable challenge virus, bovine enteroviruses also were found to be suitable, whereas infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza type 3 virus were only marginally suitable. Bovine embryonic skin (bes) cultures developed resistance to pinba within a few in vitro passages, whereas bovine embryonic lung (bel) cultures did not. At certain passages, bes cultures were 500,000 times more resistant than bel cultures. To determine whether the difference in viral titers on bel and bes cultures was due to nc-bvdv replication, pinba and fluorescent antibody assays were compared on the cultures. Resistance of bes cultures to pinba was not due to an inability of the virus to replicate in the cultures, but was due to an inability of pinba to detect the virus. Viral titers were comparable by fluorescent antibody assay titers on bes and bel cultures, but were considerably higher than viral titers on bes cultures with pinba. Variations in viral titers, using pinba on bel cultures, were observed and were considered to be due to cultural conditions, such as the presence of low levels of bvdv antibodies in bovine fetal serum used in the medium. Treatment of bel cultures with poly I:C or interferon showed that nc-bvdv was sensitive to interferon as determined by virus-yield reduction.
Transfer of adult Strongylus vulgaris via stomach tube
Authors: Hofing G. L. , Bennett D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Patent infections with Strongylus vulgaris were established in 6 of 8 helminth-free ponies given 41 to 101 adult worms via nasogastric tube. The parasites were removed from the cecum and ventral colon and transferred within 1 to 2 hours of the death of the donor horses. Eggs were found in the feces of the recipients in 2 or 3 days; egg counts reached maximum, 28 eggs per gram of feces, at 4 weeks after ponies were inoculated.
In 6 ponies euthanatized 3 to 7 weeks after parasitic transfers were done, 28% of the inoculated worms were found alive at necropsy. A 7th pony was maintained as a donor for establishing infections for chemotherapy trials and, although never passing more than 6 eggs per gram of feces, shed infective larvae over a period of 2 years.
Response of gilts with delayed puberty to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin or estrogen
Authors: Hurtgen John P. , Johnston Shirley D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (pmsg) or estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ec) on the induction of estrus, duration of estrus, and serum progesterone concentration after estrus was evaluated in 8 gilts with delayed puberty. Four gilts were given 500 IU of pmsg im and 4 were given 2 mg of ec, im. The inactive status of the ovaries at the time of treatment was verified by serum progesterone values of < 0.5 ng/ml in serial samples collected before treatment.
The 4 ec-treated gilts came into estrus at a mean of 3.5 days after treatment, but 1 of the gilts did not form corpora lutea. Three pmsg-treated gilts came into estrus at a mean of 4.0 days after treatment. The remaining pmsg-treated gilt remained anestrus and did not form corpora lutea. The mean duration of estrus in ec-treated gilts was 5.25 days compared with 2.0 days for pmsg-treated gilts (P < 0.05). Serum progesterone concentrations were higher in pmsg-treated gilts than in ec-treated gilts at 8, 11, and 17 days after treatment (P < 0.05).