bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the immune response II. Repressor T cells in cyclophosphamide‐induced tolerant mice
Authors: Ramshav I.A. , Bretscher P.A. , Parish C.R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecific antibody unresponsiveness was induced in adult CBA/H mice by the injection of cyclophosphamide 24 h after immunization with a large dose of horse red blood cells (HRBC). Four lines of experimental evidence indicated that this unresponsive state was maintained by active T cell repression. First, the cellular basis of the unresponsive state was in the T cell rather than the B cell population. Second, when normal spleen cells were transferred into the unresponsive animals, they were unable to break the unresponsive state. Third, the induction of unresponsiveness was antagonized by anti‐lymphocyte serum. Finally, T cells from unresponsive mice specifically repressed the anti‐HRBC antibody response of normal spleen cells when these were mixed together and injected into irradiated recipients.However, although the mice were unresponsive to HRBC at the humoral level, via active T cell repression, they simultaneously expressed high levels of delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to HRBC. In contrast, we have reported recently (Eur. J. Immunol. 1976. 6: 674) that T cells from mice expressing humoral immunity to HRBC can specifically suppress the development of DTH to HRBC. On the basis of these two sets of observations, it is suggested that the frequently observed inverse relationship between humoral and cell‐mediated immunity is mediated by different types of inhibitory T cells. The role of T cell help in the induction of these different types of immunity is also discussed.
Mouse immunoglobulin receptors on lymphocytes: identification of IgM and IgD molecules by tryptic cleavage and a postulated role for cell surface IgD
Authors: Bourgois A. , Abney Erika R. , Parkhouse R.M.E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe two mouse immunoglobulin receptors on lymphocytes (IgM and IgD‐like) were individually digested by trypsin. Their tryptic susceptibility, and the products released, were similar to those of their human counterparts. Evidence for a structural homology between human IgD and its presumed mouse counterpart has been provided by the remarkably similar profile of fragments resulting from digestion. More definitive homology awaits sequence determination. The extreme susceptibility of surface IgD to proteolysis contrasted with the resistance of surface IgM. We therefore propose that the major role of IgD is to release a fragment (Fabδ) following exposure to antigen and then elicit a regulatory anti‐idiotype response which acts through recognition of the protease‐resistant IgM idiotype remaining on the cell surface.
Experimental allergic neuritis induced by a basic neuritogenic protein (P1 L) of human peripheral nerve origin
Authors: Abramsky O. , Teitelbaum Dvora , Arnon Ruth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperimental allergic neuritis (EAN) in the peripheral nervous system, without involvement of the central nervous system, was produced in laboratory animals by the injection of a basic neuritogenic protein, P1L, purified from human peripheral nerves. The animals manifested a positive skin test with P1L, and their lymphocytes were found to be transformed in vitro in the presence of this protein several days before the appearance of the clinical signs. Passive transfer of the disease was performed with lymph node cells from donor guinea pigs immunized with P1L protein. EAN, the experimental model for the human disease Guillain‐Barré syndrome, was shown to be a transient disease and could be suppressed by the administration of hydrocortisone.
Cell surface components of carcinogen‐induced lymphoid tumors in SJL/J mice
Authors: Haimovich J. , Bergman Y. , Linker‐Israeli Mariana , Haran‐Ghera N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreleukemic cells could be detected in the bone marrow cell population of SJL/J mice within several days after induction of leukemia by repeated feedings with a chemical carcinogen 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Bone marrow cells collected 7,30 or 60 days following carcinogenic treatment, developed lymphoid tumors upon transplantation into syngeneic irradiated recipients. The incidence of these tumors varied between 40–45 % when the bone marrow cells were collected and transferred 7–30 days after feeding with DMBA, and raised to an incidence of 80 % when transferred 60 days after carcinogen administration (compared to 50 % incidence in the DMBA‐treated bone marrow donors). A survey of several cell surface components on the lymphoid tumor cells, obtained after transplantation of preleukemic cells, indicated that most of the tumor lines bore both the Thy‐1.2 antigen (weak) and the Fc receptor, whereas the rest were positive only for the Fc receptor. None of these tumor cell lines would yield a significant amount of cell‐bound immunoglobulin.
Spontaneous release of Fc receptor‐like material from human lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Molenaar J.L. , Van Galen M. , Hannema A.J. , Zeijlemaker W. , Pondman K.W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the culture medium of some human lymphoblastoid cell lines material is released with the following properties: (a) hemagglutination reaction of IgG‐sensitized erythrocytes; (b) enhancement of precipitation of DNA‐anti‐DNA complexes; (c) inhibition of binding of Clq to immune complexes; (d) inhibition of immune complex binding to lymphocytes; (e) inhibition of antibody‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity The material is not identical with Clq or rheumatoid factor, it is heat resistant (30 min at 56 °C); the molecular weight is about 100 000 daltons and it is capable of inhibiting antibody production in vitro
It is suggested that this material consists of Fc receptors spontaneously shed from lymphocyte membranes.
The importance of the serologically detectable histocompatibility antigens in the induction and effector step of cell‐mediated lysis
Authors: Dennert G. , Hyman R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe induction and effector steps of T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) have been studied using a mouse tumor cell line and its variant, which is deficient in serologically defined (SD) H‐2 antigens. In allogeneic mice the SD+ cell line induces CMC, while the SD− cell line does not. However, both cell lines can be lysed by xenogeneic rat lymphocytes. Antiserum specific for rat T cells was used to demonstrate that CMC of both targets is partially due to T cells. In allogeneic or syngeneic mouse systems the SD− cells coupled with the 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl (TNP) residue can neither induce CMC nor serve as targets for CMC, while TNP‐coupled SD+ cells can serve both as immunogen and as targets. Thus allogeneic or syngeneic mouse T cells do not interact with the TNP group on targets lacking H‐2 SD antigens. However, mouse T killer cells sensitized to TNP‐coupled cells may lyse TNP‐coupled targets carrying different H‐2 haplotypes. These experiments show that the induction and effector steps of CMC executed by mouse T cells, using TNP‐coupled cells as immunogen or targets, need not necessarily demonstrate restriction with regard to a certain genetically defined H‐2 haplotype. The presence of cell surface H‐2 SD antigens is, however, absolutely necessary for the induction and effector steps of CMC by mouse T cells. Using cold target inhibition assays, it was not possible to demonstrate recognition of the TNP moiety on TNP‐coupled SD+ cells.
The immune response to allogeneic rat platelets; Ag‐B antigens in matrix form lacking la
Authors: Welsh K. I. , Burgos H. , Batchelor J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAllogeneic rat platelets fail to induce either primary antibody or cell‐mediated immune responses despite repeated injections. Platelets bear Ag‐B epitopes which are capable of being recognized by antigen‐reactive T and B cells since primed rats develop secondary responses after challenge with allogeneic platelets. The secondary responses induced decrease rather than increase on repeated injection of platelets. Repeated injection of allogeneic platelets into nonprimed rats leads to a state of specific, partial non‐reactivity; recipients given such treatment show marked depression of cytotoxic antibody responses, but normal cellular immunity after challenge with viable lymphoid cells taken from the platelet‐donor strain. Injection of normal rats with allogeneic platelets mixed with 3rd party, viable lymphoid cells, does not provoke an anti‐platelet Ag‐B antibody response.
Restoration of the T lymphoid system of nude mice: different regeneration of neonatal and adult thymuses
Authors: Loor F. , Hägg Lena‐Britt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen a neonatal thymus and an adult (reticuloepithelial) thymus from normal mice are simultaneously grafted to individual adult nude mice, the host‐derived T cell precursors regenerate the neonatal thymus more efficiently than the adult (reticuloepithelial) thymus. Thus, this is a direct cause for the poor restoration of the T lymphoid system of nude mice by adult and/or reticuloepithelial thymus grafts.
Genetic selection of mice for quantitative responsiveness of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Stiffel C. , Liacopoulos‐Briot Monique , Decreusefond C. , Lambert Francine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA two‐way selection was performed in mice according to the quantitative in vitro response of lymph node lymphocytes to the mitogenic activity of phytohemagglutinin (PHA).The foundation population was composed of outbred mice produced by reciprocal mating of equal numbers of mice from four different colonies. The selective breeding was carried out by mating of mice at each generation giving the best or the lowest response, respectively.The progressive interline separation produced by 6 generations of selective breeding demonstrates that responsiveness to PHA is submitted to polygenic regulation. The heritability of the character investigated is 0.28 ± 0.08.The interline separation is also found with another T mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A). In spleen cells PHA and Con A produce a similar interline difference.In contrast, the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) stimulated both lines equally, and E. coli lipopolysaccharide gave only a slightly higher response in high line. This finding implies that our selection based upon response to PHA did not influence B cell function.
Continuously proliferating allospecific T cells, lifespan and antigen receptors
Authors: Dennert G. , Raschke W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAllospecific mouse T cells derived from one‐way mixed lymphocyte cultures after 19 months in tissue culture still require allogeneic stimulation for their proliferation. If injected into normal or immunodeficient mice these cells do not form tumors. After proliferation over long time periods or after extensive expansion these T cells tend to lose their cytotoxic activity which cannot be reconstituted by addition of cells from active cultures of a different specificity. Accordingly, the specificity of the cytotoxic and proliferative response was investigated. The cytotoxic activity appears to be specific for the H‐2 SD antigens, while the proliferative response and also the activation of cytotoxicity in resting cultures is only triggered by lymphocyte activating determinants (LAD) coded either inside or outside the H‐2 region.The receptors for LAD on these allospecific T cells appear to be clonally distributed. This finding comes from the observation that old and therefore highly selected lines only react to some LAD while younger ones react to many others as well. A search for immunoglobulin on these functional and antigen‐specific thymus‐derived lymphocytes (T cells) was performed using surface radioiodination, immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with autoradiography. Using various antisera no or very little immunoglobulin molecules were found on these T cells. The small amount of immunoglobulin was attributed to a contamination of allogeneic spleen cells used to stimulate the T killer cells.
Linear density gradient separation of human lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Zier Karen S. , Huber C. H. , Braunsteiner H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLinear density gradients were used to separate either unsensitized human peripheral blood lymphocytes or cells sensitized in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), at different time points in the immune response. Testing of cells from the various density fractions for their ability to respond in MLC and cell‐mediated lympholysis (CML) revealed that (a) activity between individual fractions differed, as well as activity between individual fractions and a suspension of unfractionated cells, (b) although precursor cells of MLC and CML were maximally enriched in closely associated light density regions, their respective distribution profiles were strikingly different, and (c) the density of cells responding in MLC and CML differed depending upon the point of the immune response at which the cells were separated. Whereas effector cells were of light density relative to the precursor cells, putative memory cells for CML exhibited a high density.
In vitro secondary mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR)
Authors: Fathman C. G. , Nabholz M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT cells from strain A primed in vitro to (C57BL/6 × A/J)F1 [(B6 × A)F1 ] cells, respond better to restimulation by (B6 × A)F1 than by B6 or a 1:1 mixture of A and B6 cells. The increase in the response to F1 cells is specific and due to MLR determinants present on (B6 × A)F1 cells but not on either of the parental cell types. (B6 × A)F1 cells express more than one F1‐specific MLR determinant, and this expression is dependent upon products of alleles of at least two loci within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Responsiveness to these F1‐MLR determinants is apparently controlled by more than one locus within the MHC.
Transfer of idiotype suppression and idiotypes by leukocytes from ascitic fluids
Authors: Ju S. ‐T. , Sato S. , Nisonoff A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA procedure is described for producing ascites containing both high concentrations of antibodies and immunologically active leukocytes. In mice that were immunologically suppressed with respect to a cross‐reactive idiotype, the ascitic cells were found to be very active in adoptively transferring the suppressed state to mildly irradiated, syngeneic recipients and simultaneously transferring the capacity to produce the “private” idiotype characteristic of the donor's anti‐ p‐azophenylarsonate antibodies. The participation of both T and B cells is therefore suggested. As few as 2 × 106 cells were sufficient for suppression and for inducing the production of the private idiotype in the recipient, in concentrations comparable to that of the donor mouse. A single donor can thus be used to colonize many recipients with the private idiotype, without sacrifice of the donor. The method should be useful in structural studies of antibodies of a given specificity with different idiotypes, and for investigations of the mechanism of idiotype suppression, as well as other studies in cellular immunology.
The relative distribution of foci forming antibodies to two different haptens in repopulated mouse spleens
Authors: Sullman Susan F. , Feinstein A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution has been studied of the foci of antibody‐secreting cells in the spleens of mice responding to two different haptens, 4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitro‐phenacetyl (NIP) and 2,4‐dinitrophenyl (DNP) on identical or different carriers, using a sensitive focus assay technique.Mice were irradiated and repopulated with an excess of spleen cells from donor mice primed with the two haptens and a limiting number of cells primed to one carrier. The recipient mice were then challenged with both haptens, each conjugated to a different sample of the identical carrier. The incidence of monospecific foci occurring in different areas of the spleen was 21 % for each hapten, and the coincidence of foci directed to the different haptens occurring in the same area of the spleen was about 31%. This distribution was not significantly different from that seen in experiments when a further population of cells primed to a second carrier was also injected, followed by challenge with the two haptens conjugated to the different carriers. Experiments in which small fragments of the spleens were cultured confirmed, in the single carrier system, the presence of regions in which antibody to one hapten only was secreted, and of other regions in which antibodies to both NIP and DNP were secreted.These results support the hypothesis that cooperation is an extremely local and selective phenomenon, such that in our system one effective T cell is able to help only one B cell precursor to develop into a clone of antibody‐secreting cells.
Specificity of T and B lymphocytes for myeloma protein 315
Authors: Jørgensen T. , Hannestad K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antibody response of BALB/c mice directed against the idiotype of the BALB/c myeloma protein MOPC 315 (M315) is T cell‐dependent. The specificity of helper T cells for M31 5 was investigated. Helper cells were primed with M31 5, M315 affinity‐labeled with Nα‐bromoacetyl‐Nε‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine, M315 L‐chain and H‐chain the M315 Fv fragment, myeloma protein MOPC 460 and monoclonal human kappa and lambda chains. The primed cells were transferred together with (4‐hydroxy‐5‐iodo‐3‐nitrophenyl(acetyl)) (NIP)‐primed B cells to 500 R‐irradiated recipient syngeneic BALB/c mice which were challenged with NIPsM315. The anti‐NIP antibody responses were augmented by helpers primed with all derivatives and subunits of M315. This effect disappeared almost completely when the helper cells were treated with anti‐Thy‐1,2 and C prior to transfer. Priming with M460 induced weak and inconsistent helper effects, which opens the possibility that some of the helper cells may recognize nonidiotypic determinants on M315. The strong and consistent helper effect induced by free M315 L‐chain (L‐31 5)‐primed cells was not due to dissociation of NIP‐L‐315 from intact NIP5 M315 used for challenge, because L‐315‐primed T cells also augmented the antibody response against the idiotype of M315 which is only expressed on associated (H+L) chain pairs. In contrast, BALB/c antibodies elicited by free L‐315 were specific for a determinant which was present on free L‐chains but which was not or only minimally accessible on the complete M315. The data indicate that the helper cells recognize determinants which are separate from the ligand binding site of M315 and which are accessible on both the complete M315 7 S subunit and its isolated chains. In contrast, B cells stimulated by free L‐315 recognize determinants which are hidden on associated (H+L) chains. Moreover, the associated (VL+VH) domains of M31 5 Fv fragment, which lacks C domains are immunogenic for T helper cells.
Embryonic bursa development in vitro
Authors: Ritter Mary A. , Lebacq Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn in vitro culture system for embryonic chicken bursa is described, in which development, as measured by follicle formation (site of B lymphocyte development), position of large basophilic cells (stem cells), and presence of lymphocytes and cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (B cells), was comparable to that of the bursa in vivo. Using this system, preliminary studies on B lymphocyte differentiation were made. These support the view that bursa1 lymphocytes develop from precursors that migrate through the surrounding mesenchyme and into the follicles, but indicate that at least some of these cells may be “pre‐B cells” rather than pluripotent stem cells.
Humoral response to Salmonella typhimurium antigens in normal and thymectomized urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii Michah.
Authors: Charlemagne J. , Tournefier A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal and thymectomized 16‐month‐old Pleurodeles were immunized with Salmonella typhimurium H (flagellar) and 0 (somatic) antigens. Thymectomies were performed on 10‐week‐old stage 52 larvae, and the efficiency of thymectomy was determined 10 months later by allogenic skin grafting.Each animal received, as a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml, 1.5 × 109 bacteria emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Agglutinating antibodies were checked every 3 weeks, from 3 weeks after immunization t o the 18th week.The antibody titers of H antigen‐immunized Pleurodeles increased during the first 6 weeks and reached a maximum by the 9th week in controls and the 12th week in thymectomized animals. The peak titers remained constant until the 18th week. Nine weeks after H immunization, mean agglutinating anti‐H titers are statistically higher in controls than in thymectomized Pleurodeles.The antibody titers of 0 antigen‐immunized Pleurodeles increased exponentially during the first 12 weeks and remained constant until the 18th week. No significant differences were found between controls and thymectomized animals.These results show that in Pleurodeles early thymectomy which is highly efficient in hypersensitivity reaction abrogation, has only a slight effect on the antibody synthesis against the flagellar H antigen of Salmonella which is in mammals a partially thymus‐dependent antigen.In the absence of IgG‐equivalent synthesis in urodeles and the probably correlative lack of immunization against the classical soluble thymus‐dependent antigens, the question o f the participation of T cells in specific antibody synthesis remains open in these species.
Genetic control of two different types of antibody responses to oxazolone
Authors: Andó I. , Fachet J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe genetic control of antibody responses induced by contact sensitization with oxazolone and immunization with an oxazolone‐mouse serum albumin conjugate was studied in inbred, H‐2‐congenic and nude mice.Both types of antibody responses are T cell‐dependent and regulated by immune response genes mapping at the I‐B subregion of the H‐2 complex. The relative magnitude of antibody responses induced by the two methods of immunization is governed by a gene or genes mapping at the I‐B subregion of the H‐2 complex. Presentation of antigen by these two methods gives H‐2‐dependent distributions of high and low responsiveness which are exactly opposite. Non‐H‐2 genes affect the overall level of antibody response but not the relative magnitude of the responses.
Study of two different subpopulations of anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibodies in a rabbit with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
Authors: Zurn Anne D. , Fulpius B.W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo different subpopulations of anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibodies were studied during the evolution of experimental autoimmune myasthenia in one rabbit immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor. The results show that the subpopulation of antibodies directed against the toxin‐binding site of the receptor might play a role in the appearance of the paralysis observed in this particular case.