bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of polyaniline conductivity and contact angles by partial protonation
Authors: Blinova Natalia V , Stejskal Jaroslav , Trchová Miroslava , Prokeš Jan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMany studies require a specific value of conductivity when investigating conducting polymers. The conductivity of polyaniline can efficiently be controlled by partial protonation of the polyaniline base. Although this is a simple task in principle, practical guidelines are missing. In the present study, the changes in the conductivity of polyaniline base after immersion in aqueous solutions of various acids are reported. Polyaniline base has been reprotonated in aqueous solutions of picric, camphorsulfonic and phosphoric acids. The conductivity of partially reprotonated polyaniline varied between 10−9 and 100 S cm−1. The relation between the pH of a phosphoric acid solution, which was in equilibrium with polyaniline, and the conductivity σ is pH = 0.77 − 0.64 log(σ [S cm−1]). The wettability, i.e. water contact angles, can similarly be set by partial protonation to between 78° for polyaniline base and 44° for polyaniline reprotonated in 1 mol L−1 phosphoric acid. In solutions of picric acid, the transition from the non‐conducting to the conducting state occurs over a narrow range of acid concentrations, and the tuning of conductivity is consequently difficult. Phosphoric acid is well suited for the control of conductivity of polyaniline because of the moderate dependence of the conductivity on the acid concentration or pH. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrospinning functional nanoscale fibers: a perspective for the future
Authors: Hunley Matthew T , Long Timothy E 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOver the past decade, electrospinning has grown from a small niche process to a widely used fiber formation technique. Applying a strong electric potential on a polymer solution or melt produces nanoscale fibers. These nanofibers form non‐woven textile mats, oriented fibrous bundles and even three‐dimensional structured scaffolds, all with large surface areas and high porosity. Major applications of electrospun membranes include tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, sensing, separations, filtration, catalysis and nanowires. This perspective article highlights many recent advances in electrospun fibers for functional applications, with an emphasis on the advantages and proposed technologies for these non‐woven fibrous scaffolds. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Explaining inconsistent results in cancer quality of life studies: the role of the stress–response system
Authors: van de Wiel Harry , Geerts Erwin , Hoekstra‐Weebers Josette 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study tests the hypothesis that avoidance and intrusion play different roles in health‐related quality of life (QoL) in women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. We assessed QoL (RAND‐36), avoidance, intrusion, and total cancer‐related distress (Impact of Event Scale) in 83 women at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after mastectomy. Social functioning and role limitations improved over time; physical functioning, general health, and mental health did not change; vitality initially improved followed by a decrease to a below initial level; physical pain initially improved followed by a decrease to an above initial level. Cancer‐related distress remained high during follow‐up. Individual variation in QoL as assessed across the four measurement times was associated with individual variation in intrusion but not with individual variation in avoidance. Baseline intrusion did not predict the subsequent course of QoL but high initial avoidance was associated with an unfavourable time course in physical functioning, social functioning, and general health. Hence, variation in intrusion over time explains variation in QoL while baseline avoidance predicts the subsequent course of QoL. The findings provide new insight into the relationship between the stress–response system in QoL and women with breast cancer. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Seeding as a Process Actuator in a Model Predictive Control Framework for Fed‐Batch Crystallization of Ammonium Sulphate
Authors: Kalbasenka Alex N. , Spierings Lukas C. P. , Huesman Adrie E. M. , Kramer Herman J. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeeding is discussed from the viewpoint of reproducible process actuation. Seeded experiments in a 75‐l Draft‐Tube (DT) crystallizer were performed in triplicate to verify reproducibility of the product characteristics. The seeded experiments displayed a significantly improved reproducibility of the results in comparison with the corresponding unseeded batches.Narrow sieve fractions of ground seeds were utilized as a seeding material. The seeds were suspended in a saturated solution before being fed into the crystallizer. It was found that the Crystal Size Distribution (CSD) of crystals suspended in a saturated solution changed during the time of their residence in the seeding vessel. Images taken by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) confirmed that the initial change in the median size was caused by the dissolution of fines. The dissolution was subsequently accompanied by the crystal growth and attrition. An optimal residence time was found.Finally, the influence of the initial supersaturation, the seed load, and the seed size on the product quality was investigated. The experimental studies indicated that the initial supersaturation should be as high as possible yet not high enough to trigger primary nucleation. The lowest admissible sieve fraction and the corresponding minimal seed load were found. The conservatism of the used seeding model with respect to the minimal seed load was addressed.
Agglomerate TiO2 Aerosol Dynamics at High Concentrations
Authors: Heine Martin C. , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrimary and agglomerate particle dynamics are investigated for aerosol synthesis of titania at high solids concentrations that are typically used for its industrial scale manufacture. Particle formation and growth are simulated accounting for chemical reaction, coagulation and sintering. Process conditions are chosen so that the resulting primary and hard‐agglomerate sizes are comparable with commercial product specifications. Neglecting aerosol polydispersity, the evolution of the diameter of primary particles, hard‐ and soft‐agglomerates along with the agglomerate effective volume fraction are investigated. During synthesis of nanostructured titania (e.g. for catalysts and cosmetics) the effective soft‐agglomerate volume fraction can exceed 30% within 100 s residence time indicating that a transition takes place from dilute to concentrated aerosol dynamics. At these conditions, classic Smoluchowski theory may no longer describe agglomerate coagulation and particles may affect fluid flow and heat transfer in industrial aerosol reactors. Furthermore, this could lead to restructuring and fragmentation of the product powder.
Mites for the control of pests in protected cultivation
Authors: Gerson Uri , Weintraub Phyllis G 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe production of crops under protected conditions is increasing worldwide. Owing to growing consumer demands for healthy and green produce, and intensifying pesticide resistance, non‐chemical solutions—foremost among which is biological control—are being sought. The authors review recent advances related to the application of predatory mites for the control of greenhouse pests, and discuss interactions among acarine biocontrol agents (ABAs) and the effects of crop plants and new technologies on ABAs, such as artificial lighting, elevated carbon dioxide levels and genetically modified organisms. This is followed by a discussion of the problems associated with the search for and use of new ABAs, including management, the benefits of modelling and avenues of future research. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Medicinal plants used by the people of Northeast India for curing malaria
Authors: Bora Utpal , Sahu Abhishek , Saikia Abinash Pratim , Ryakala Venkat Kishore , Goswami Pranab 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present study showed that the people of the Northeastern region of India use at least 65 plants belonging to 38 families to treat malaria. Different plant parts such as the leaf, root, bark and fruit and in some cases the whole plant were used for making the herbal preparations. All crude preparations were made using water as the medium. The preparations were orally administered either as a plant crude extract, juice and decoction or leaf infusion. Of the 65 plants, 21 were found to be used in the form of a decoction. The hard parts of the herbs such as the root and bark were taken in the form of a decoction. In some cases the ingredients of the herbal preparation also included honey or sugar. The present investigation also indicated that most of the preparations made for curing malaria were derived from single plant sources. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical monitoring of nonlinear product and process quality profiles
Authors: Williams James D. , Woodall William H. , Birch Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn many quality control applications, use of a single (or several distinct) quality characteristic(s) is insufficient to characterize the quality of a produced item. In an increasing number of cases, a response curve (profile) is required. Such profiles can frequently be modeled using linear or nonlinear regression models. In recent research others have developed multivariate T2 control charts and other methods for monitoring the coefficients in a simple linear regression model of a profile. However, little work has been done to address the monitoring of profiles that can be represented by a parametric nonlinear regression model. Here we extend the use of the T2 control chart to monitor the coefficients resulting from a parametric nonlinear regression model fit to profile data. We give three general approaches to the formulation of the T2 statistics and determination of the associated upper control limits for Phase I applications. We also consider the use of non‐parametric regression methods and the use of metrics to measure deviations from a baseline profile. These approaches are illustrated using the vertical board density profile data presented in Walker and Wright (Comparing curves using additive models. Journal of Quality Technology 2002; 34:118–129). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic study of carboxylic acids in negative ion mode electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry providing a structural model for ion suppression
Authors: Clifford Mike N. , Lopez Violeta , Poquet Laure , Williamson Gary , Kuhnert Nikolai 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report a systematic investigation of the effects and structural requirements for ion suppression in negative ion mode electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry of a series of carboxylic acids and present a structural model rationalising ion suppression effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometric investigation of selected psychoactive pharmaceuticals and its application in drug and metabolite profiling by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Doherty Bernadette , Rodriguez Virginia , Leslie Julian C. , McClean Stephen , Smyth W. Franklin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA tandem mass spectrometric investigation of the collision‐induced dissociation of five commonly prescribed psychoactive pharmaceuticals, risperidone, sertraline, paroxetine, trimipramine, and mirtazapine, and their metabolites has been carried out. Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry was employed to generate tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) data of the compounds under investigation and structural assignments of product ions were supported by quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. These fragmentation studies were then utilised in the development of a liquid chromatographic method to identify the drugs and their metabolites in human hair and saliva samples, thus providing relevant profiling information. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous monitoring of long‐term outcomes with application to hip prostheses
Authors: Hardoon Sarah L. , Lewsey James D. , van der Meulen Jan H. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe CUSUM continuous monitoring method could be a valuable tool in evaluating the performance (revision experience) of prostheses used in hip replacement surgery. The dilemma when applying the CUSUM in this context is the choice of statistical model for the outcome (revision). The Bernoulli model is perhaps the most straightforward approach but the Poisson model is a plausible, and could be argued, preferable alternative for long‐term outcomes such as this, provided the rate of revision with time from surgery can be assumed to be constant. However, a rate (or hazard) varying according to the Weibull distribution appears to be a better representation of a prosthesis lifetime. We show how to adapt the Poisson approach to allow for the hazard to vary according to the Weibull model as well as other parametric survival models.
Application to data on a known poorly performing prosthesis shows both the Poisson and Weibull CUSUMs could have given early warning of the poor performance, with the Weibull chart alerting before the Poisson. Simulation work to investigate the robustness of the Poisson and Weibull CUSUM to departures from the underlying survival model highlights the need for correct specification of the model for the outcome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and flexible toolkit for composing customized method dispatchers
Authors: Cunei A. , Vitek J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe standard dispatching mechanisms built into programming languages sometimes fail to satisfy the needs of the programmer. In the case of Java, the need for more flexibility has led to the development of a number of tools, including visitors and multi‐method extensions, that each add some particular functionality, but lack the generality necessary to support user‐defined dispatching mechanisms. In this paper we advocate a more modular approach to dispatching, and we present a tool, PolyD, that allows the programmer to design custom dispatching strategies and to parametrize many aspects of the dispatching process. PolyD exhibits excellent performance and compares well against existing tools. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simplifying dynamic programming via mode‐directed tabling
Authors: Guo Hai‐Feng , Gupta Gopal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the dynamic programming paradigm the value of an optimal solution is recursively defined in terms of optimal solutions to subproblems. Such dynamic programming definitions can be tricky and error‐prone to specify. This paper presents an elegant method based on tabled logic programming (TLP) that simplifies the specification of such dynamic programming solutions. Our method introduces a new mode declaration for tabled predicates. The arguments of each tabled predicate are divided into indexed and non‐indexed arguments so that tabled predicates can be regarded as functions: indexed arguments represent input values and non‐indexed arguments represent output values. The non‐indexed arguments in a tabled predicate can be further declared to be aggregated, for example, the minimum, so that while generating answers, the global table will dynamically maintain the smallest value for that argument. This mode‐declaration scheme, coupled with recursion, provides an easy‐to‐use method for dynamic programming: there is no need to define the value of an optimal solution recursively, as the definition of a general solution suffices. The optimal value as well as its corresponding concrete solution can be derived implicitly and automatically using tabled logic programming systems. Our experimental results show that mode declarations improve performance in solving dynamic programming problems on TLP systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic footprinting as a tool for discriminating between brewing yeasts
Authors: Pope Georgina A. , MacKenzie Donald A. , Defernez Marianne , Aroso Miguel A. M. M. , Fuller Linda J. , Mellon Fred A. , Dunn Warwick B. , Brown Marie , Goodacre Royston , Kell Douglas B. , Marvin Marcus E. , Louis Edward J , Roberts Ian N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe characterization of industrial yeast strains by examining their metabolic footprints (exometabolomes) was investigated and compared to genome‐based discriminatory methods. A group of nine industrial brewing yeasts was studied by comparing their metabolic footprints, genetic fingerprints and comparative genomic hybridization profiles. Metabolic footprinting was carried out by both direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) and gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOF–MS), with data analysed by principal components analysis (PCA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA). The genomic profiles of the nine yeasts were compared by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis, genetic fingerprinting using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and microarray comparative genome hybridizations (CGH). Metabolomic and genomic analysis comparison of the nine brewing yeasts identified metabolomics as a powerful tool in separating genotypically and phenotypically similar strains. For some strains discrimination not achieved genomically was observed metabolomically. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis system for in vivo detection of protein–protein interaction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sung Min‐Kyung , Huh Won‐Ki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay has been widely accepted for studying in vivo detection of protein–protein interactions in several organisms. To facilitate the application of the BiFC assay to yeast research, we have created a series of plasmids that allow single‐step, PCR‐based C‐ or N‐terminal tagging of yeast proteins with yellow fluorescent protein fragments for BiFC assay. By examination of several interacting proteins (Sis1–Sis1, Net1–Sir2, Cet1–Cet1 and Pho2–Pho4), we demonstrate that the BiFC assay can be used to reliably analyse the occurrence and subcellular localization of protein–protein interactions in living yeast cells. The sequences for the described plasmids were submitted to the GenBank under Accession Nos: EF210802, pFA6a‐VN‐His3MX6; EF210803, pFA6a‐VC‐His3MX6; EF210804, pFA6a‐VN‐TRP1; EF210807, pFA6a‐VC‐TRP1; EF210808, pFA6a‐VN‐kanMX6; EF210809, pFA6a‐VC‐kanMX6; EF210810, pFA6a‐His3MX6‐PGAL1‐VN; EF210805, pFA6a‐His3MX6‐PGAL1‐VC; EF210806, pFA6a‐TRP1‐PGAL1‐VN; EF210811, pFA6a‐TRP1‐PGAL1‐VC; EF210812, pFA6a‐kanMX6‐PGAL1‐VN; EF210813, pFA6a‐kanMX6‐PGAL1‐VC; EF521883, pFA6a‐His3MX6‐PCET1‐VN; EF521884, pFA6a‐His3MX6‐PCET1‐VC; EF521885, pFA6a‐TRP1‐PCET1‐VN; EF521886, pFA6a‐TRP1‐PCET1‐VC; EF521887, pFA6a‐kanMX6‐PCET1‐VN; EF521888, pFA6a‐kanMX6‐PCET1‐VC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotische Integration der Störungsdifferentialgleichung ebener laminarer Strömungen bei hohen Reynoldsschen Zahlen
Authors: Tollmien W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Untersuchung der Stabilität einer Laminarströmung nach der Methode der kleinen Schwingungen führt auf eine gewöhnliche, nicht selbstadjungierte Differentialgleichung vierter Ordnung, die asymptotisch für große Reynoldssche Zahlen integriert werden soll. In Anlehnung an gebräuchliche Ansätze werden vier Näherungsintegrale dieser Differentialgleichung definiert und ihre Fehler sowie die ihrer Ableitungen asymptotisch abgeschätzt. Einige Bemerkungen zu dem Randwertproblem und zur Störungsdifferentialgleichung, falls die Grundströmung eine Grenzschichtströmung ist, werden angeschlossen.
Übergang zu Chaos in einfachen mechanischen Systemen
Authors: Lindtner E. , Seisl M. , Steindl A. , Troger H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit wird chaotisches Systemverhalten im Sinne zeitlich irregulären Verhaltens unter Bewahrung einer geordneten räumlichen Struktur untersucht. Wegen des Fehlens eines generischen Übergangs von der geordneten Systembewegung zum chaotischen Bewegungszustand haben sich im wesentlichen folgende drei Szenarien zur Klassifikation der im Experiment gefundenen Phänomene ergeben: (i) Ruelle‐Takens‐Newhouse Szenario, (ii) Feigenbaum‐ oder Periodenverdopplungsszenario und (iii) der Pomeau‐Manneville‐ oder intermittierende Übergang. An zwei einfachen Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß alle drei angeführten Übergangsszenarien bei Variation geeigneter Parameter auftreten können.
On the Elastic‐plastic Shrink Fit Rotating with Supercritical Angular Speed
Authors: Gamer U. , Orčan Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUnter Zugrundelegung der Trescaschen Fließbedingung und der zugeordneten Fließregel wird die Verteilung von Spannungen und Verschiebung in der vollplastizierten Nabe eines rotierenden Preßverbandes untersucht. Das Nabenmaterial weist lineare Verfestigung auf. Bei der kritischen Winkelgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einem Wechsel des Tresca‐Regimes.
Error Estimates of an Euler Method for a Quasistatic Elastic‐Visco‐Plastic Problem
Authors: Ionescu I. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn initial and boundary value problem for a rate type elastic‐visco‐plastic material is considered. An Euler method as well as internal and external approximation techniques are used in order to obtain the numerical solution of the problem. The error is estimated over a finite time interval. In the viscoelastic case the error is estimated over an infinite time interval provided that the time step is less than a critical value. A one dimensional numerical example is successfully integrated using this numerical approach and a finite element technique.
Noise Induced Rotation
Authors: Wihstutz V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe investigate the impact of noisy restoring force on the damped linear oscillator z̈ + 2βż + cz = 0, when interplaying with the damping. Besides describing the strength of destabilizing and stabilizing noise effects, we show the phenomenon of noise induced oscillation (or rotation) and estimate its strength.
Entwurf eines nichtlinearen Laufmustergenerators
Authors: Frik M. , Ahanikamangar M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird eine Methode zum Entwurf eines Laufmustergenerators vorgestellt, der bei Gehmaschinen zur Realisierung von Gehbewegungen verwendet werden kann. Der Laufmustergenerator wird modular aus gekoppelten Van der Pol Schwingern aufgebaut, deren Schwingungen den Bewegungen der einzelnen Glieder des Gehapparates entsprechen. Die Parameter und Koppelkoeffizienten werden so bestimmt, daß die rhythmischen, synchronisierten Bewegungen, die der gewünschten Gangart entsprechen, entstehen.
Periodic Solutions of a Pendulum‐like Integrodifferential Equation with Infinite Retardation Describing Josephson Tunneling
Authors: Zurbrügg Ch. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWenn man die Dynamik eines stromgesteuerten Josephson‐Tunnel‐Kontaktes auf der Basis der Werthamertheorie beschreibt, ergibt sich eine autonome Integrodifferentialgleichung mit unendlicher Retardierung, die man als verallgemeinerte Pendelgleichung ansehen kann. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Beweis für die Existenz von periodischen Lösungen zweiter Art (Rotationslösungen) vorgestellt. Der Beweis beruht auf einem Lerary‐Schauder Argument. Weiter wird ein spezieller Fall der nichtautonomen Gleichung behandelt. Die Arbeit enthält auch Ergebnisse numerischer Berechnungen der Rotationslösungen.
Histogramme, Orientierungsdichtefunktionen und ihre Darstellung durch eine tensorielle Form der Fourierreihe
Authors: Seibert D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Orientierung innerer Werkstoffstrukturen, wie etwa Fasern in Verbundwerkstoffen, kann durch Histogramme und Orientierungsdichtefunktionen (ODF) beschrieben werden. ODF sind auf dem Einheitskreis oder der Einheitskugel definierte, reellwertige Funktionen und können durch Fourierreihen dargestellt werden. In diesem Aufsatz wird Onats Arbeit [3] über vom Koordinatensystem unabhängige Fourierreihen, deren Fourierkoeffizienten und Basisfunktionen irreduzible Tensoren sind, vervollständigt.