bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Een permutatietoets voor alternatief verdeelde groot‐heden*
Authors: van Elteren Ph. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryA permutation test for random variables that assume the values 0 or 1 only (read for the meeting of the Netherlands Statistical Society in 1963).Consider a matrix of stochastically independent random elements xαi (α= lm; i = In) withP[xαi= 1] = 1‐P[xαi= 0] = pαiA permutation test is proposed for the hypothesis H0: pα2=pα2=pαn (α= lm). The statistic of the test is given by the formulas (1.1) and (1.2), its critical region by (1.3). It is shown that this test can be considered as a special case of the method of m rankings of M. Friedman (cf literature [1]) and of a similar test of A. S. C. Ehrenberg (cf [3], [4], [5]). Exact distribution functions (under H0) are tabulated for some special cases (tables 1, 2, 3, 4) and approximations are proposed based on limit theorems for m→∞ (χ2‐distribution) for n→∞ (normal distribution) and on fitting of mean, variance and range (F‐distribution). A consistency theorem is derived for the cases m constant, n→∞ and n constant, m→∞.
Smoothing Sales Data by Progressive Correction
Authors: van Dobben de Bruyn C. S. 
Published: April 2008

SamenvattingHet vloeiend volgen van verkoopcijfers door Progressieve Correctie.Met een analogie tussen het vloeiend volgen ‐ soms voorspellen genoemd ‐ van een reeks verkoopcijfers en het automatisch regelen van een fysisch proces als leidraad wordt een nieuwe methode voor dit volgen getoond. De hieraan gegeven naam is: Volgen door Progressieve Correctie. De positie van deze methode t.o.v. “Exponential Smoothing” en de kwaliteitscontrole wordt aangeduid.
A different solution of a problem posed by Theil and Schweitzer
Authors: Corsten L C. A. 
Published: April 2008

SamenvattingDe vraag naar de nauwkeurigste (d.i. kleinste tweede moment) schatter van de restvariantie a2 bij lineaire regressieanalyse met isomore onafhankelijke normaal verdeelde residuen wordt opnieuw beantwoord, maar longs vrijwel geheel andere weg dan door THEIL en SCHWEITZER [3] bewandeld. Het blijkt bovendien dat deling van de residuele som van kwadraten door het bijbehorende aantal vrijheids‐graden + 2 niet alleen in de klasse der kwadratische funk ties der waarnemingen maar zelfs in de klasse van alle veelvouden van zuivere schattingen van σ2 de nauwkeurigste is. Gebruik wordt gemaakt van de in een appendix bewezen stelling, dat de traditionele schatter van σ2, waarbij de residuele som van kwadraten door het bijbehorend aantal vrijheidsgraden wordt gedeeld, de nauwkeurigste is onder alle zuivere schatters.
Tijdreeksen en regionale jaarrekeningen
Authors: Venekamp P. E. 
Published: April 2008

SummarySince some acquaintance with the development of economic aggregates with regard to the town of Amsterdam is needed, the Municipal Bureau of Statistics calculated some of these quantities during the period 1953–1960. The data derived from the Social Accounts 1953 of the city of Amsterdam were taken as a starting point for the calculations. The present article has been Written to show the principles of construction.
Programmering van de woningbouw in verband met de woningkwaliteit*
Authors: Sittig J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryProgramming the production of dwellings in the NetherlandsProgramming for a year the building of dwellings in the Netherlands is treated by linear programming. Restrictions are introduced for man‐power, material, private capital, subsidies and foreign currency.A “program” consists of two numbers, S (number of dwellings to be built with governmental subsidies) and V (number of dwellings to be built in the free market).The objective is discussed at length. With the returning to normal conditions in building, S‐dwellings will be subject to a higher rate of depreciation than V‐dwell‐ings.A purely quantitative objective for the program is rejected in favour of a qualitative one: maximizing the value which the dwellings built in this year will possess, say, in 1975.A simple graphical solution is shown, and the effect on the program of the industrialization of building is discussed.
Modellen*
Authors: Leppink G. J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryInaugural address at Utrecht university. The subject is the use of models in statistical research.Mevrouw en Mijne Heren Curatoren,Mijnheer de Rector Magnificus,Dames en Heren Hoogleraren, Lectoren, Docenten en overige Leden van deWetenschappelijke Staf,Dames en Heren Studenten,en voorts Gij alien, die door Uw aanwezigheid van Uw belangstelling blijk geeft,Zeer gewaardeerde Toehoorders,
Signaalstroomdiagrammen en Markov‐ketens
Authors: Bakker W. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe transient behavior of a simple two‐state discrete Markov process can be studied by means of matrix‐multiplication and z‐transformations.For linear systems the output is equal to the convolution of the input and the impulse response of the system. By taking z‐transforms the convolution can be avoided: the transform of the output is equal to the transform of the input multiplied by the transform of the impulse response of the system.The signal flow graph method is the transformation of the matrix‐method of solving a system of simultaneous equations in a topological method.The simple two‐state discrete Markov process can be represented by such a flow graph and it is shown how to simplify this flow graph step by step. Taking as input the unit‐impulse at time zero, the output of this system at time n turns out to be the n‐step transition‐probability.The results for the transmission in a network are mentioned (Mason and Zimmermann [8]). With these results it is possible to give at once the n‐step transition probability of a system without first simplifying the flow graph.Building on this result signal flow graphs can be used to determine the chance to be for the first time in a certain state, the average number of times a system is in a certain state and the chance to reach a certain state for the first time before another state of the system has been reached.Finally the results are extended to continuous Markov processes.
Enkele stochastische eigenschappen van een uit vezels ge‐sponnen garen voor het ideale klassieke spinproces en enkele ermee samenhangende problemen
Authors: Terpstra T. J. 
Published: April 2008

SummarySome stochastic properties of a yarn spun from fibres for the ideal classic spinning process and some connected problems.For the ideal classic spinning process {for definition cfi section 2) the characteristic functions of the cross‐section of a yarn and the volume of a yarn‐piece are derived. It is assumed that the fibres possess a two‐dimensional probability distribution for their length and cross‐section, however with the restriction that the fibre‐length has an upper bound with probability one.For the case that the fibres have uniform cross‐section the spectral functions of the foregoing quantities are given.Under the same condition of a uniform cross‐section of the fibres analogous results have been obtained by H. BRENY [7], however in quite another and partly more tedious way. The spectral function of the yarn‐cross‐section has also been independently obtained by KIYOHISA FUJINO and SUEO KAWABATA [8].In spinning practice the coefficient of variation of the yarn‐cross‐section for the ideal classic spinning process {the so called coefficient of MARTINDALE) is denoted an optimal character in so far as it should be the minimum coefficient of variation, which is attainable. This is certainly the case if the disturbances in the spinning process are independent of the irregularities already contained by the yarn.However, if the disturbances are dependent on the yarn‐irregularity, then it is a priori not sure that the irregularity will always increase. Perhaps the opposite may occur.In this connection it seems an interesting problem to determine the implications on the yarn irregularity by using servo‐mechanisms in the spinning process. Some investigations in this direction have already been done by the Japanese (cf. the references).
Internationaal Marktonderzoek*
Authors: Emanuel H. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIn this article the autor considers the problem specific to international market research ‐ defined as any project of market research which entails subprojects in different countries that have to produce results in a certain harmony ‐ mainly as that of coordination. He restricts himself to primary research, especially based on interviewing. To serve the purpose of harmony design and execution of national sub‐projects of research must differ because of two sets of factors which are described in some detail: a. national socio‐cultural infrastructures are different b. researchers and collaborators act from a different mental pattern in different countries. The type of coördination which is needed is exemplified from experiences obtained with research in the Netherlands and Belgium. The following aspects of survey‐research are discussed in this respect: the interviewer (supply, selection, training, control), the questionnaire, sampling, the researcher and his surroundings.
Taalstatistiek*
Authors: Corstius H. Brandt 
Published: April 2008

SummaryDiscussion of the possibilities and limitations of Language Statistics.Sampling of “normaI” prose is difficult as the “universe of written Dutch” is undefined. What predictions can be made about the contents of tomorrow's newspaper? The letter frequencies are very stable. Frequencies ofbigrams and trigrams of letters bring us towards the word level about which something may be predicted. The sentence level can only be dealt with after a mechanical sentence analysis method is available. The highest level is still outside the scientific domain and belongs to the literary critic. Literary Statistics should be founded on a solid knowledge of Language Statistics. It is considered inappropriate to begin this field with difficult historical problems. The mutual distrust between linguist and statistician requires much tact on both sides. Eventually Language Statistics may become one of the bridges between the “two cultures”. The modern computer is an indispensable tool both for practical reasons (the giant mass of material) and for theoretical ones (the need to give unambiguous definitions of concepts like “sentence”, “word” and “syliable”). The use of Language Statistics in Mechanical Translation research is discussed. Review of the activities in the Netherlands. A one million word count is on its way. The speaker pleads for a National Center for Lexicology and Language Statistics.
Statistiek en verkeer*
Authors: Volmuller J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryStatistics and traffic.Traffic defined as the collectivity of moving (andparked) vehicles, is the direct consequence of transportation needs as they occur in society as a result of economic and social activities. Hindrances to the free flow of traffic result in decrease and even stagnance of human activities. The correct functioning of traffic facilities is imperative to modern human society.To solve traffic engineering problems, present and future traffic loads must be determined and traffic behaviour in relation to geometric road design must be known. As the volume and character of human activity fluctuates and changes in time, traffic loads will vary in volume and character. Any parameter used to indicate traffic load (volume, speed, etc.) has no well determined value but rather should be evaluated by describing its frequency distribution (histogram). The traffic engineer should not design for the average value, because the facility would not render the expected services whenever a value higher than average would occur. Nor should he design for the highest value, because then the facility will be underloaded, and therefore uneconomical, except when this exceptionally high value occurs. This is illustrated in case of determining the “design speed” for a curve in a road and of determining the “design‐volume” for a road‐crosssection.To determine the histograms of the various design‐factors numerous observations of actual traffic are required. The survey programs should be well correlated with the data which are required for designwork to limit scope and cost. Often, sampling will render data of sufficient accuracy; the required accuracy being set by the design engineer. The statistician will render essential services in determining the size of samples, the survey programs and supervising the correct processing of data.The statistical problems involved in traffic‐behaviour research work are even more challenging because many of the factors involved are not known and should be detected through large series of observations.
Communication between the experimental animal and the pharmacologist*
Authors: van Noordwijk J. 
Published: April 2008

SamenvattingDe meeste farmacologen gebruiken het dier als model voor de mens. Hoewel goede registratietechnieken thans rechtstreeks farmacologisch onderzoek bij de mens in veel meer gevallen mogelijk maken dan bij het ontstaan van de experi‐mentele farmacologie in de 19e eeuw, blijft het noodzakelijk, zoveel mogelijk informatie over de farmacologische werking van een stof in dierproeven te ver‐zamelen, voordat deze voor de eerste keer aan mensen toegediend wordt.Soms trekt de farmacoloog uit de informatie welke de dierproef leverde ver‐keerde conclusies. Voor kwalitatief verschil in werking bij mens en dier bestaat achteraf vaak een bevredigende verklaring, welke gebruikt kan worden om de voorspellende werking van toekomstige dierproeven te vergroten. De mogelijkheid om uit dierproeven bijwerkingen bij de mens te voorspellen is categorisch beperkt; met deze beperkingen blijkt de dierproef toch nuttige informatie te kunnen leveren.Onderzoek van de regressie van de log dosis op log lichaamsgewicht laat zien, dat er tussen de werkzame dosis voor dier en mens (M.M. geldt dit ook voor de toxische dosis) een duidelijker verband bestaat dan meestal aangenomen wordt.
Een kort overzicht van codes die tegen foutenuitbarsting bestand zijn*
Authors: Gross Alan J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryWhen information is transmitted over a channel errors often occur in bursts, usually due to the presence of some disturbance in the channel for a short period of time. Thus, it is possible that a single burst of two or three errors occurs somewhere in the message whereas the remainder of the message is error‐free.In this article we discuss only binary burst‐error‐correcting codes. We introduce the work of HAMMING, ABRAMSON, BOSE and CHAKRA VARTI, and GROSS all of whom have constructed burst‐error‐correcting codes, and whose codes are capable of correcting single bursts of errors of length less than or equal to four.
Prognose van het autopark met behulp van een “diffusion”‐model*
Authors: Vemtetten J. B. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIn a diffusion‐model the distribution of purchases of a good over different income classes forms the starting point of analysis. For luxuries the distribution function is continuously increasing. In this case increasing incomes will always lead to a greater demand or a greater stock of the good. Moreover, the function as a whole will shift to lower income classes for goods for which the consumer's acceptance is not yet complete. This causes an autonomous increase of the demand over time; an increase which is not dependent on the rise of income. The lack of data, however, restricts the possibility of using the model. Under certain conditions transformation of the model into a form suited for time‐series analysis, is possible. In this form the model has been applied to the stock of motor‐cars, which are in use by families. From this analysis forecasts of the number of motor‐cars for 1970 and 1980 have been computed.
Scaling metoden bij konsumenten‐ondenoek*
Authors: van Westendorp P. H. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryAs psychological market research develops more and more attention will be paid to the research techniques developed in the social sciences. The application of scaling techniques for attitude‐scaling and word‐association‐rating in the frame of large‐scale sample surveys can yield meaningful results for marketing, especially if more powerful techniques of analysis, like factor‐analysis are applied. In this article the major techniques of attitude‐ and wordassociation‐scaling are briefly outlined. It is stated, that method of summated scores (Likert ‐ analysis) for attitude‐scaling combines reasonable discriminative power with a non ‐prohibitive outlay in time and money.
Verkeerskunde als toegepaste wetenschap*
Authors: Jacobsen L H. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThis paper gives some thoughts about the situation of traffic engineering among other branches of human knowledge.There are many links as well with forms of human knowledge as well as with the sciences.Traffic and traffic engineering are influenced from many sides resulting in a situation which as a whole cannot be regarded as acceptable up till now.Traffic engineering which is not a new form of knowledge, will influence our way of living a good deal. The danger exists that partial knowledge in this field is regarded as the complete knowledge which should rule our decisions in this field of human activities.
De communicatie van nieuwe landbouwmethoden*
Authors: van den Ban A. W. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIn order to increase the effectiveness of the agricultural extension service a study has been made of the way new farm practices are communicated to the farmers. This paper discusses some statistical problems which arose in that study, especially the construction of a scale for the measurement of the adoption of new practices by the farmers, and some scales for the influence which each farmer has among his colleagues, the use of tests of significance and the analysis of the relationship between different variables by factor analysis. In addition the possibility to stimulate communication processes is mentioned.
Naar aseptische en realistische methoden in de toegepaste statistiek
Authors: Goudriaan J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryApplied statistics is not pure mathematics but the application of suitable methods of mathematical statistics to practical problems.In choosing the method one should be extremely suspicious in regard to septic methods and give strong preference to realistic methods.Septic methods are those which by their very nature introduce properties alien to the magnitudes concerned e.g. addition of non‐additive variables, differentiation of stochastic variables, stochastic treatment of indeterminate variables, etc. Realistic methods are those based on a preliminary analysis of the practical problem which should bring to light the essential mutually independent variables controlling the outcome of the problem. Undue simplification at the cost of the accuracy required in actual practice should be avoided; especially weak correlations between variables shown by the deductive analysis as being essentially mutually independent should be discarded.On the other hand the mathematical treatment should be as simple and direct as possible.The professional mathematician can become a real danger if he wants to guide the application of mathematical statistics to certain fields of applied science in which he is not sufficiently specialised and experienced. Contrariwise, if he acquires this knowledge in business, the highest positions are open to him.
Price determination based on quality An Application of Minimax
Authors: Boot J. C. G. 
Published: April 2008

SamenvattingHet komt dikwijh voor dat een partij goederen van eigenaar wisselt zonder dat hetzij koper hetzij verkoper de kwaliteit ervan precies kennen. In dergelijke ge‐vallen wordt de prijs gewoonlijk vastgesteld op basis van een door arbitrage be‐paalde kwaliteit. Het in dit artikel te bespreken contract werd in de Rotterdamse haven afgesloten tussen een koper en een verkoper die geregeldpartijen van elkaar overnamen met het doel te bezuinigen op arbitragekosten en tijd. Zij trachtten dit te bereiken door het onderling eens te worden over de kwaliteit volgens van te voren contractueel vastgelegde “spelregels”.Het resulterende “spel” kan met behulp van de minimax redenering worden opgelost ‐ en vormt als zodanig een der zeer weinige voorbeelden van een praktijk‐voorbeeld van speltheorie. De spelregels hidden echter niet tot het gewenste resultaat, en men gaat nu weer met de alouds vertrouwde orthodoxe arbitrage te werk.
Inleiding in de techniek van elektronische rekenautomaten*
Authors: van der Poel W. L 
Published: April 2008

SummaryAn introduction is given into the most important concepts and terms of computers. Basic constructions, storage, arithmetic units, control, input and output, levels of storage, speeds. Modern concepts, multiprogramming, concurrent programming. The importance of software is stressed and a few examples of programming languages are given. Fortran, ALGOL, LISP.
Optimale instelling van een pakmachine met behulp van simulatie op een computer*
Authors: Doornbos R. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryPowdered synthetic detergents are packed on machines which work with volumetric proportioning. The bulk density of the powder varies to such an extent, however, that conventional weight control methods are not applicable.There are machines which automatically adjust the volume of the filling mechanism in reference to one or more weighings of packets. The packets are weighed at a certain frequency. The range between the control limits, the number of times the limits are exceeded to which is reacted and the extent of correction are adjustable.As determination of the optimum setting by analysis was not feasible a solution was found by simulation on a computer.The model chosen for the weights of the successive packets was a MARKOV process because this provides a pattern which very closely resembles practical conditions.
Ervaringen met een computer in de Medische Statistiek*
Authors: Rurnke Chr. L 
Published: April 2008

SummaryExperiences with a computer in Medical StatisticsApplication of mathematical statistics to biomedical problems is facilitated by the use of a computer. When choosing a design the amount of calculation need not be taken into account.As an example the course of the procedure is described for an analysis of variance performed upon the data from a pharmacological experiment according to a 2 < 2 < 3 factorial design.
Overzicht van ontmengingsmethoden voor twee normale verdelingen*
Authors: Motenaar W. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe parameters of a mixture of two normal distributions can be estimated in several ways from a sample of grouped observations. Various methods, already known in the literature, are listed and compared.After an introduction and a statement of the problem, moment estimators, graphical methods and maximum likelihood estimators are mentioned. Some remarks are made on the advantages of the various methods, and on classification. The results of the methods are compared in five representative examples of mixtures.
Monte Carlo estimation of the powers of the distribution‐free two‐sample tests of Wilcoxon, van der Waerden and Terry and comparison of these powers*
Authors: van der Laan P. , Oosterhoff J. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThis paper describes a method for determining the power functions of the distribution‐free two‐sample tests of WILCOXON, VAN DER WAERDEN and TERRY by a simulation technique, and for comparing these tests with each other and with parametric tests. For samples of size 6 and normal shift alternatives the numerical results are reproduced.
Extrapolatie van tijdreeksen*
Authors: Vos J. W. E. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryExtrapolation of time‐series.In this paper only singular stationary stochastic processes are considered, which means that the error variance in predicting the future may be made indefinitely small. From the point of view of the spectral distribution function there are various types of singular processes. Likewise a classification of singular processes may be made by the form of the prediction formula and by the way the prediction error tends to zero. An attempt to find a correspondence between these classifications is made.