bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optic radiation damage can be assessed directly by tractography
Authors: YAMAMOTO T , YAMADA K , PLANT GT 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To verify the clinicoradiological correlation of tractographs of optic radiations (OR) involved by brain tumors and infarcts. Methods: We performed diffusion‐tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT‐MRI) on 7 patients with brain lesions adjacent to or involving the visual pathway, 5 of whom underwent DT‐MRI before and after surgical excision of the brain lesions. Tractographic findings of OR on coronal reconstruction images, including those in the contralesional hemisphere, were analyzed with respect to their location and size and correlated with existing visual field defects. When the ipsilesional OR appeared to be reduced in craniocaudal height by 70% or more in coronal section than the contralesional OR, we considered the finding abnormal. Results: The contralesional ORs were successfully depicted in all cases. In 8 examinations the ipsilesional ORs were successfully depicted, in 4 they were not. The 8 depicted ORs in the ipsilesional hemisphere were abnormal either in size (n=8) and/or location (n=4). OR defects were noted in either the superior or inferior portions in 8 tractographs. OR deviation due to mass effect from the brain lesions was noted in 4 tractographs. In 5 tractographs with OR defects there was a good correlation with the location of the visual field defect. Conclusions: The tractography demonstrates the ORs all the time on the contralesional side, correlates some of our cases with the visual field defect on the ipsilesional side.
Modulation transfer function in refractive‐diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses in vitro
Authors: PERIS‐MARTINEZ C , ARTIGAS JM , MENEZO ROZALEN JL , FELIPE A , DIEZ AJENJO A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The optical quality of two types of multifocal, hybrid refractive‐diffractive, intraocular lenses (IOL) is analyzed in vitro. Following the EN‐ISO international standard, the IOLs’ modulation transfer functions (MTF) are determined for both distance and near vision. The behaviour of these curves when the pupil size varies is studied. Methods: The IOLs analyzed were: AcrySoft ResTor SN60D3 (Alcon) and Tecnis ZM900 (AMO). The MTF was calculated from the cross line‐spread function recorded with the OPAL Vector System (Image Science Ltd. Oxford) by using fast Fourier transform techniques. The artificial eye model used simulates in vivo conditions of the anterior chamber including an artificial cornea and a physiological solution where the IOL were positioned. Following pupil sizes were analyzed: 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 mm. Results: The MTFs of the two multifocal IOLs analyzed show a good image quality for both in all conditions analyzed. However, a monofocal IOL with the same power (22.5 dioptres) provides a better image quality for distance vision. The Strehl ratio of the two multifocal IOLs decreases when pupil size increases, for both distance and near vision. To the contrary, the average modulation (from 0 to 100 c/mm) of the two multifocal IOLs remains approximately constant for all the pupil sizes. Conclusions: The image quality provided by the two multifocal refractive‐diffractive IOLs is very similar, although the quality with ResTor IOL is always slightly better than with Tecnis IOL in distance vision. In near vision, to the contrary. The conclusion is that when the distance vision improves the near vision worsens and vice‐versa.
Dynamic contour tonometry in corneal oedema
Authors: RENNINGS CA , PLANGE N , KAUP M , REMKY A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Tonometry in corneal oedema is a current problem. In clinical routine intraocular pressure (IOP) may be measured erroneously too low in edematous thickened cornea using Goldmann applanation tonometry.To compare Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and dynamic contour tonometry (DCT, Pascal, Technomed, Germany) in postsurgical corneal oedema. Methods: Fifty patients with cataract were included in a prospective study. IOP was measured by means of GAT and DCT before and one day after cataract surgery. Corneal thickness was determined using a Scheimpflug camera system (Pentacam, Oculus, Germany). Results: After surgery corneal thickness increased significantly (pre‐surgery: 548 μm, post‐surgery: 677 μm, p<0.0001). No significant difference of IOP values measured with DCT compared to GAT was detected before and after cataract surgery (pre‐surgery: GAT: 17 ±5 mmHg, DCT: 17 ±6 mmHg; post‐surgery: GAT 15 ± 7 mmHg, DCT: 15 ±7 mmHg). IOP measured with DCT and GAT were significantly correlated (pre‐surgery: r=0.808, p<0.0001; post‐surgery: r=0.767, p<0.0001). The difference between GAT and DCT pre‐surgery compared to post‐surgery was not significantly different. The IOP difference using GAT or DCT pre‐surgery compared to post‐surgery was not correlated to the change in corneal thickness. Conclusions: DCT does not give any additional information compared to GAT in patients with corneal oedema. However, a marked difference in IOP values using GAT or DCT is apparent in some subjects.
Resolution visual fields in children surgically treated for congenital cataract
Authors: MARTIN L , MAGNUSSSON G , POPOVIC Z , SJÖSTRAND J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and high‐pass resolution perimetry (HRP) visual fields in children surgically treated for congenital cataract. Methods: BCVA and HRP was recorded from 10 aphakic children, aged 10‐15 years and surgically treated for bilateral dense cataract before the age of nine months, and from six aphakic children, aged 10‐15 years and surgically treated for bilateral partial cataract at ages between 6 months and 9 years. Twenty‐three healthy children, 11 years of age, served as controls. Results: The aphakic children had significantly (p < 0.0001) lower BCVA in their best eye (range 0.1‐1.3) compared to controls (range 1.0‐1.6). Two aphakic children were visually disabled according to WHO. The children with previous dense bilateral cataract showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower sensitivity in their resolution visual fields (from their best eyes) compared to both controls and children with previous partial cataract. The dense cataract group also showed significantly (p<0.05) smaller difference between the innermost (5 deg) and the outermost (20‐30 deg) eccentricity locations in their visual fields than the other two groups. Conclusions: Dense cataract, even when surgically treated before the age of nine months, causes persistent impairment of spatial vision both in the fovea and the visual field. Partial cataract appears only to reduce visual acuity.
Visual acuity and use of eye care services in elderly population
Authors: LAITINEN A , KOSKINEN S , RUDANKO SL , MARTELIN T , LAATIKAINEN L , AROMAA A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To assess the use of eye care services and associated socio‐economic factors in different visual acuity categories. Methods: Cross‐sectional population‐based survey on a sample representing Finnish population aged 55 years and older. Of the 3392 eligible people, 2781 (82.0%) were both interviewed and had distance visual acuity (VA) assessed with the current spectacles. Home interview included an assessment of socio‐economic variables, use of eye care services and possession of vision aids. Results: Prevalence of vision examination and spectacles decreased with decreasing VA (p<0.001). Of elderly persons with good VA (VA≥0.8), three‐quarters (73%) had had a vision examination during the past five years and almost all (97%) had spectacles. On the contrary, only one half (58%) of visually impaired person (VA≤0.25) had had a vision examination and two‐thirds (62%) had spectacles. Of visually impaired, 34% had magnifying glasses or other low vision aids and 28% had received formal low vision rehabilitation. Living in an institution, lower annual income level and decreased cognitive capacity seemed to decrease the use of vision examination and possession of spectacles in all VA categories. Also, men had spectacles less frequently than women and persons with lower educational level had less likely had vision examination. In visually impaired persons, decreased cognitive capacity and living in an institution were associated with limited use of low vision rehabilitation services. Conclusions: Low prevalence of regular vision examinations and vision rehabilitation services in visually impaired persons highlights the need for screening the visual function in elderly persons and for actively delivering information on rehabilitation services.
The effect of Blue‐Light exposure in an ocular melanoma animal model
Authors: FERNANDES BF , DI CESARE S , MALONEY S , MARSHALL JC , DAWSON WW , BURNIER MN 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) cells lines, when exposed to blue light in vitro, show a significant increase in proliferation. In order to see if the same effect would be seen in vivo, we investigated the influence of blue‐light exposure in an animal model of UM. Methods: Twenty albino rabbits were injected with 1 million human UM cells (92.1) into the suprachoroidal space of the eye. Animals were immunosuppressed using cyclosporin A throughout the 8 week long experiment. The animals were divided into two groups of 10 animals each. The experimental group was exposed to blue‐light, while the control group was protected from blue‐light using a yellow‐filter. Intraocular tumor growth was evaluated weekly by fundoscopic examination. One animal was sacrificed per week, after the 2nd week, in order to evaluate progression of the disease. The eyes were removed after sacrifice and the proliferation rates of the re‐cultured cells obtained from the intraocular tumors were performed using the Sulfordhamine‐B assay. The Student's t–test was used to compare results for statistical significance. Results: Re‐cultures of UM cells were establish from 4 and 5 rabbits of the experimental and control group respectively. Cells were re‐cultured for a very short period of time (1 passage only) in order to maintain any in vivo cellular changes. The exposure of rabbits to blue light led to an increase in proliferation of the cell lines derived from intraocular tumors compared to the control (p=0.001). Conclusions: There is increasing amount of data suggesting that Blue‐light, one of the components of visible light, may influence the progression of UM. Our results warrant further studies to relate the importance of Blue‐Light filtering lenses for UM patients.
Effect of intravitreal injection of indocyanine green, triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue on the electroretinographic response in the rat
Authors: GARCHER CREUZOT C , ACAR N , GUILLAUBEY A , BIDOT S , PASQUIS B , JOFFRE C , BRON AM , BRETILLON L 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravitreal injection of ICG (indocyanine green), TB (trypan blue) and TA (triamcinolone acetonide) on the visual function assessed by electroretinogram (ERG) in the rat. Methods: Three groups of 12‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats (n=6) received intravitreal injection in one eye of 0.1mL of either ICG 0.5mg/mL, TB 3mg/mL or TA 40mg/mL followed by a rinse with 1mL of saline solution. The controlateral eye was used as a control and was injected similarly with saline only. The scotopic ERG was recorded at different intensities (10mcds/m², 2500mcds/m² and 25000mcds/m²) before injection and 28 days after treatment. Results: No effect of the treatment was observed on the ERG amplitudes and wave latencies in control eyes and in eyes treated with TB and TA. The ERG b‐wave amplitudes and latencies were significantly reduced in eyes treated with ICG at 10mcds/m² and 2500mcds/m² but not at 25000mcds/m² (amplitude means: t0=174.8μV versus t28=55.0μV at 10mcds/m² p<0.05; t0=176.5μV versus t28=70.0μV at 2500mcds/m² p<0.05; t0=140.3μV versus t28=40.0μV at 25000mcds/m² p=0.057). The ERG a‐wave amplitudes and latencies were also significantly lowered at 2500mcds/m² in eyes treated with ICG (amplitude means: t0=45.0μV versus t28=23μV p<0.05; latency means: t0=7.6msec versus t28=9.5msec p<0.01). Conclusions: This study shows a side effect of ICG on retinal function four weeks after a transient retinal exposure. TA and TB could be considered as interesting alternatives to ICG for macular surgery.
Foveal damage volume and visual acuity in solar retinopathy
Authors: LARA MEDINA J , ISPA CALLEN C , GONZALEZ DEL VALLE F 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To correlate the size of foveal lesion measured by OCT and the visual acuity in patients complain of acute solar retinopathy. Methods: We studied patients diagnosed of acute solar retinopathy after a solar eclipse by OCT. In the acute phase, all the patients showed a hyperreflective lesion in the fovea using OCT. We measured the volumen in pixels of this foveal lesion by software image analysis (MatLab 7) and correlated this value with the best corrected visual acuity (Snellen). To evaluate the correlation we used the Spearman test and a level of P<0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: Eighteen eyes were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 32,15±12 years and 33,3% were woman and 66,7% were man. Mean best corrected visual acuity was 0,65±0,29. In 100% of the eyes was observed a hyperreflective foveal lesion using OCT. Mean pixel volume lesion was 6997,62±4662,229.The correlation (r) of foveal lesion volume and best corrected visual acuity was ‐0,793 (p< 0,05) Conclusions: Solar retinopathy shows a typical image in OCT, a hyperreflective lesion located in the fovea. We report a negative relation between the size of the above mentioned injury and the visual acuity. Thus, the OCT can be of great help for the diagnosis of this disease and the evaluation of the foveal damage.
Trace elements in the retina of eyes enucleated due to complications of a severe trauma
Authors: IOMDINA EN , FILATOVA IA , KHOROSHEVA EV 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: to find out whether trace element concentration in the retina is related to chronic eye pathologies caused by traumatic eye injuries. Methods: The content of 12 trace elements in the retina (Zn, Cu, Fe, Al, B, Si, Ca, Ba, Ti, Mg, Mn, Pb) was analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer AS‐3 and a Perkin‐Elmer chromato‐mass spectrometer. 25 samples of 25 enucleated eyes of patients aged 17 to 68 (average age 31.6±2.6 years) were studied. Enucleations were required due to complications of a severe trauma: secondary glaucoma, buphthalmum, subatrophy, uveitis, retinal detachment, amaurosis, corneal leucoma, or combinations thereof. Results: Retinal samples revealed a significant scatter of trace element concentration: the level of Ca varied from 10 to 1000 mg/kg; Fe, 10 to 350 mg/kg; Mg, 30 to 150 mg/kg; Al, 3 to 70 mg/kg; Si, 0.1 to 50 mg/kg; Mn, 0.3 to 50 mg/kg; Zn, 3.0 to 30 mg/kg; B, 0.03 to 30 mg/kg; Cu, 0.5 to 17 mg/kg; Ba, 0.05 to 6 mg/kg; Ti, 0.05 to 2 mg/kg; Pb, trace quantities to 28 mg/kg. Typical changes of trace element concentration in the retina for different eye pathologies could be revealed. Secondary glaucoma and buphthalmum showed reduced content of Ba, Ti, Al, B, Mn, Zn and Mg and a 2‐fold increase of Cu and Si. The opposite changes were found in chronic uveitis: levels of Fe, B, Al and Cu showed a 2 to 4‐fold increase while Si showed a 2‐fold decrease. Conclusions: The revealed changes may be linked to intravital violation of trace element metabolism: in glaucoma, a shortage of elements participating in the metabolism of photoreceptors and neural structures of the retina was found, whilst uveitis demonstrated an increase of elements linked to the activation of peroxidation.
Modeling fluid mixing within the crystalline lens during accommodation
Authors: CHE S , HUNTER P , PHILLIPS JR , JACOBS M 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: Historically, cataract and presbyopia are treated as separate entities. However, it has recently been hypothesized that as the ageing lens looses its ability to change shape, this reduces the mixing and transport of nutrients and antioxidants within the lens that normally occurs as the young, flexible lens alters its shape during accommodation. Such a loss of antioxidant mixing may render the lens more susceptible to cataract formation. Methods: We have developed a 3D cubic Hermite finite element model of the human lens to investigate the effect of increasing lens stiffness on fluid movement. Data obtained from previous studies are used to construct an anatomically accurate model. A spherical polar coordinate system is used to provide an accurate physical representation and as a framework to examine mechanics. Polynomial functions are used to define the lens surfaces. Lens capsule thickness and material properties of lens tissue are taken from the literature. Tension is applied via zonules to simulate accommodation. Results: Preliminary results verify that the change in shape of the lens surfaces (and the change in optical power) associated with displacement of the lens equator are similar to results from other published models and fall within the physiological range (i.e. using parameters for 30 y.o. lens, approx 25 dioptres per mm change in equatorial radius). We are currently investigating the fluid movements associated with these changes. Conclusions: Our lens model provides a basis for investigating fluid mixing in the young lens during simulated accommodation and also the reduction of fluid movement in stiffer, older lenses.
Rarebit Fovea Test and OCT findings in diabetes
Authors: NILSSON M , VON WENDT G , WANGER P , MARTIN L 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate foveal structure and function using optical coherence tomography (OCT)and the Rarebit Fovea Test (RFT) in diabetic patients without known maculopathy orretinopathy. Methods: Forty‐two patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were selected from the screeningrecords at St Erik Eye Hospital. Inclusion criteria were no previously known macular or otherretinal changes and best corrected visual acuity ≥ 1.0. These patients and 42 healthy controlswere examined with the recently developed RFT and retinal thickness was measuredusing OCT. Lens thickness and light scatter was evaluated by Scheimpflug photography. Results: Significantly more DM subjects (12/42) had a subnormal RFT result compared to thecontrols (2/42) (p = 0.007). The retina in the inner OCT zone was significantly (p<0.05)thinner in DM patients with subnormal RFT compared with the controls. No difference between groups were observed in lens thickness or light scatter. Conclusions: Macular changes, not detected by comventional screening methods, could be demonstrated using both structural and functional tests in a subgroup of patients with DM. Prospective studies are underway to evaluate the prognostic implications.
Use of sodium hyaluronate "doughnut" in corneal glueing
Authors: SKINNER KC , MERRICK CD , GREGORY PTS , CHRONI FC 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To highlight a surgical technique using sodium hyaluronate and tissue glue in the repair of corneal holes. Methods: Case Report Results: An 86 year old man was referred to clinic with a cataract. The other eye was normal after cataract surgery. When he was seen in clinic it was noted that actually he had a small hole in the cornea at the 5 o'clock position off axis. Visual acuity was 6/60. The iris was incarcerated and there was marked inflammation with posterior synechiae and cataract. The hole was felt too be small enough to attempt closure with tissue glue. To perform this a small "doughnut" of sodium hyaluronate was placed around the hole. A very important step was to ask the gentleman to look up so that the "doughnut"would not slide off. The glue was then carefully placed within the "doughnut". When felt to be dry a bandage lens was placed over the eye. The cataract was also removed at the same time. The cornea healed very quickly and within 10 days post op was half of normal thickness. The gentleman now has 6/18 vision and a quiet eye with normal AC and IOP. Conclusions: The use of tissue glue is widespread, it was first documented in use by midwives and then by medics in Vietnam. Their use in corneal perforations is also well documented. The problem however with their use is that the glue can tend to "stick" to everything and cause complications. This is a marked problem with use on cornea due to the wet nature of the eye. Here we highlight a method whereby sodium hyaluronate is used to create a "doughnut" to limit the spread of the glue and localise it to the area of need. What is also important to note is asking the patient to position their eye accordingly before placing the glue to achieve maximum effect as highlighted in other cases.
Elevated levels of 3‐Nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) in human eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG)
Authors: FERNANDEZ‐DURANGO R , FERNANDEZ‐MARTINEZ A , GARCIA FEIJOO J , MARTINEZ DE LA CASA JM , FERNANDEZ‐CRUZ A 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: We have previously demonstrated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the trabecular meshwork from patients with POAG (EVER 2006, Abstract 2256). Therefore, we evaluated the involvement of peroxynitrite in the development of POAG by measuring the expression of 3‐NT, a biomarker of oxidative damage Methods: Aged‐matched donor human eyes (3 controls and 4 with POAG) were fixed, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. Cellular location was determined by immunohistochesmistry using a mouse anti‐3‐NT monoclonal antibody Results: 3‐NT immunoreactivity was observed in the anterior segment of POAG eyes: non‐pigmented epithelial and stroma cells of the ciliary processes, cells of the ciliary muscles, trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal. In the retina, staining was observed in the ganglion, inner and outer nuclear cell layers. None of the donor control eyes showed any immunoreactivity for 3‐NT Conclusions: The presence of 3‐NT immunoreactivity in human eyes with POAG suggests that peroxynitrite‐mediated oxidative stress may have an important role in the pathophysiology of POAG
Frequency of headache and associated eye conditions in Congolese patients
Authors: KAIMBO WA KAIMBO D , MISSOTTEN L 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Purpose: To determine frequency of headache and associated eye conditions in patients from D R Congo. Methods: A case‐control study was performed between April and September 2004 and inluded patients seen at an ophthalmologic clinic in the city of Kinshasa. Cases were all consecutive new patients with headache detected during the study period. Controls were all other patients seen in the same ophthalmologic clinic. Data were collected from 476 patients by medical examination and interview. Ocular examination included measurement of visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination and fundoscopy. Other examinations were performed when needed. Results: There were 102 patients with headache (cases) and 374 patients without headache (controls), giving a frequency of patients with headache of 22%. Mean age was 39 years±14 for cases and 41 years±19 for controls (P=0.32). There were more female compared to male in cases (71%) than controls (55%)(P<0.0001). Eye conditions were found in 91 (89%) cases and 357 (95%) controls (P=0.018). Cases were more likely to have asthenopia than controls (15% vs 6%, P=0.006). There was no differences between cases and controls in the distribution of ametropia (20% vs 16%, P=0.39), presbyopia (30% vs 21%, P=0.07), pterygium (5% vs 4%, P=0.69). There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the distribution of hypertension, sinusitis and diabetes. The commonest locations of headache in cases were diffuse, the frontal, temporal areas. Conclusions: Ocular examination could be necessary in patients with headaches.