bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service use and glycaemic control of young people with type 1 diabetes transitioning from paediatric to adult care: a 5‐year study
Authors: Perry Lin , Dunbabin Janet , Xu Xiaoyue , James Steven , Lowe Julia , Acharya Shamasunder , Steinbeck Katharine S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRegular contact with specialist care has been linked to better diabetes outcomes for young people with type 1 diabetes (YPwT1D), but evidence is limited to population‐based service usage and outcomes.AimsThis observational 5‐year study sought to capture YPwT1D living in the study catchment area (covering metropolitan, regional and rural Australia) as they transitioned to adult‐based diabetes healthcare services and to describe their glycaemic control and complication rates, service usage and associated factors.MethodsRecords between 2010 and 2014 in a public healthcare specialist diabetes database were extracted, care processes and outcomes were described, and associations were sought between episodes of care (EOC) and potentially predictive variables.ResultsAnnual cohort numbers increased yearly, but without significant differences in demographic characteristics. Each year around 40% had no reported planned specialist care, and the average number of planned EOC decreased significantly year on year. Overall, mean HbA1c levels also reduced significantly, but with higher values recorded for those living in non‐metropolitan than metropolitan areas (achieving significance in 3 out of 5 years). Diabetes complication assessments were only reported in 37–46%, indicating one in five with retinopathy and hypertension affecting one in three to five young people.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of investment to address the specific needs of adolescents and young adults and demonstrate the need for better support during these vulnerable early years, particularly for non‐metropolitan residents. This will entail changes to funding mechanisms, the health workforce and infrastructure, and new models of care to provide equity of access and quality of specialist care.
Sustainable urban farming using a two‐phase multi‐objective and multi‐criteria decision‐making approach
Authors: Haloui Doha , Oufaska Kenza , Oudani Mustapha , Yassini Khalid El , Belhadi Amine , Kamble Sachin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor several reasons, recent attention has focused on urban agriculture in the context of sustainable and smart agriculture. Most of the global population has relocated from rural to urban areas. The ecological impact of agriculture is a rising concern. Furthermore, food insecurity, particularly food availability, remains a significant issue. Satisfying rising food demand with minimal environmental impact is a significant barrier to more sustainable food production. In this article, we study a sustainable location for urban farming that optimally balances economic and environmental objectives. We formulate the problem as a multi‐objective linear program that considers maximizing the ecological benefit and crop production yield and minimizing transportation cost, sensor cost, and CO2 emissions. The proposed mathematical model is then solved using a two‐phase method. The first phase uses several multi‐objective optimization (MOO) methods (weighted sum, epsilon‐constraint, augmented epsilon) to generate a pool of compromise solutions. The second phase uses multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods (MARCOS, VIKOR, and Possibility Degree) to rank compromise solutions. We performed a sensitivity analysis first by studying the effect of different criteria weights (balanced, environmentally, and economically oriented) and then by investigating the rank reversal. Furthermore, we developed a thorough validity test that examines the impact of the dynamic elements of rank reversal by changing the importance of the model's input parameters. To provide a fusion ranking of the MCDM rankings, we devised an aggregated ranking approach using the half‐quadratic (HQ) method.
A concurrent mixed‐method study exploring the experiences of interprofessional collaboration among Canadian midwives and obstetricians
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Jacoby Susan , Mclarnon Matthew , Favell Daniel , Dosani Aliyah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThis study explores the experiences of interprofessional collaboration of Canadian midwives and obstetricians from midwives' perspective.DesignA concurrent mixed‐methods approach that combined a small validation study and qualitative thematic analysis was used to provide evidence of the nature and importance of collaboration between Registered Midwives (RMs) and obstetricians.MethodEighteen RMs across Canada completed a demographic survey and the Midwifery‐Obstetrician Collaboration (MOC) scale in 2023. The quantitative analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of the Midwifery‐Obstetrician Collaboration (MOC) and accumulate preliminary evidence to support its validity. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 participants. After completing the interviews, themes were identified using thematic analysis.ResultsThe primary themes identified were knowledge of midwifery scope affects collaboration, collaboration is necessary for effective patient care, midwife‐physician collaboration is impacted by power differentials and hierarchies, and proposed methods to improve physician‐midwife collaboration. Although a small sample size did not permit extensive statistical testing, the quantitative results supported the reliability of the MOC scale. In addition, a strong correlation between the MOC and the communication subscale of the Inter‐Professional Collaboration (IPC) scale provided evidence of the MOC's concurrent validity as a measure of collaboration between midwives and physicians.ConclusionThis study provides support for the Midwifery‐Obstetrics Collaboration (MOC) Scale as an assessment tool to evaluate collaboration between midwives and OB/GYNs in obstetrics care. While the 18 RMs recruited for this study provided a fulsome analysis for the qualitative portion, a larger study is necessary to provide more extensive quantitative analysis to validate the MOC scale for continued use among RMs and OBs.ImplicationsThe implications of this study are to foster strong interprofessional relationships between midwives and OBs and to improve the health outcomes of pregnant women and newborns.Reporting MethodThe authors adhered to Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).
Effects of flipped English learning designs on learning outcomes and cognitive load: Workload of out‐of‐class activities versus during‐class activities
Authors: Xin Xiu , Zhang Meng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSome studies have researched the correlation between flipped learning and cognitive learning outcomes; however, there is a paucity of research elaborating on the effects of flipped language learning on cognitive load (CL).ObjectivesThis study investigates the effects of using flipped learning designs (student‐led, teacher‐led and collaboration‐led) on learning outcomes and CL management during out‐of‐class activities versus during‐class activities.MethodsA mixed methods research was used to concurrently triangulate different strands of data on the effects of flipped learning designs on English as foreign language (EFL) learners' learning outcomes and CL. A total of 122 EFL learners were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group and participated in the study. The interpretations were made based on running one‐way analysis of variance between four groups.Results and ConclusionThis study evidenced the efficacy of the interactive use of collaboration‐led flipped learning design over student‐led and teacher‐led designs for improving learning outcomes and lowering CL during computer‐assisted language learning (CALL) course.Pedagogically, CALL practitioners need to develop and integrate a well‐organized combination of student‐led and teacher‐led flipped learning activities for during‐class and out‐of‐class phases with respect to the CL and learning material complexity, while also considering the specific contexts and goals of their instructional settings. Theoretically, the results indicate the necessity of merging active learning and sociocultural theories into an instructional design to take advantage of the identified affordances of flipped language learning approach in terms of psychological effects (CL management) and learning effects (CALL outcomes).
Credibility and altered communication styles of AI graders in the classroom
Authors: Abendschein Bryan , Lin Xialing , Edwards Chad , Edwards Autumn , Rijhwani Varun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEducation is often the primary arena for exploring and integrating new technologies. AI and human‐machine communication (HMC) are prevalent in the classroom, yet we are still learning how student perceptions of these tools will impact education.ObjectivesWe sought to understand student perceptions of credibility related to written feedback attributed to a human or an AI grader (Study One). We also investigated how corrective messages containing verbal immediacy and social support influenced student perceptions of an AI grader's credibility based on feedback in an evaluated essay (Study Two).MethodsWe used an online experimental design to assess the perceived credibility of a grader. In Study One, we randomly assigned students (N = 155) to a condition that contained a paragraph they were told was evaluated by a human or an AI grader. In Study Two (N = 222), we investigated ways of increasing perceptions of an AI grader's credibility by writing messages with higher/lower levels of immediacy and social support.ResultsIn Study One, the students rated both the human and AI grader as credible (yet rated the AI grader lower on goodwill). The data suggest that students in Study Two attributed more goodwill (i.e., caring) to the AI grader when the feedback included more verbal immediacy.ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of student perceptions and communication styles when integrating technology into education. The two studies imply that students viewed the human and AI graders as competent, caring, and trustworthy, specifically when feedback included more immediacy cues.
Dental implant considerations in patients with systemic diseases: An updated comprehensive review
Authors: Mosaddad Seyed Ali , Talebi Sahar , Keyhan Seied Omid , Fallahi Hamid Reza , Darvishi Mohammad , Aghili Seyedeh Sara , Tavahodi Narges , Namanloo Reza Abdollahi , Heboyan Artak , Fathi Amirhossein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundVarious medical conditions and the drugs used to treat them have been shown to impede or complicate dental implant surgery. It is crucial to carefully monitor the medical status and potential post‐operative complications of patients with systemic diseases, particularly elderly patients, to minimize the risk of health complications that may arise.AimThe purpose of this study was to review the existing evidence on the viability of dental implants in patients with systemic diseases and to provide practical recommendations to achieve the best possible results in the corresponding patient population.MethodsThe information for our study was compiled using data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases and searched separately for each systemic disease included in our work until October 2023. An additional manual search was also performed to increase the search sensitivity. Only English‐language publications were included and assessed according to titles, abstracts and full texts.ResultsIn total, 6784 studies were found. After checking for duplicates and full‐text availability, screening for the inclusion criteria and manually searching reference lists, 570 articles remained to be considered in this study.ConclusionIn treating patients with systemic conditions, the cost–benefit analysis should consider the patient's quality of life and expected lifespan. The success of dental implants depends heavily on ensuring appropriate maintenance therapy, ideal oral hygiene standards, no smoking and avoiding other risk factors. Indications and contraindications for dental implants in cases of systemic diseases are yet to be more understood; broader and hardcore research needs to be done for a guideline foundation.
Location of the upper oesophageal sphincter during swallowing: Analysis using swallowing CT
Authors: Gao Minxing , Inamoto Yoko , Saitoh Eiichi , Aihara Keiko , Shibata Seiko , Gonzalez‐Fernandez Marlis , Otaka Yohei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUpper oesophageal sphincter (UES) serves as an important anatomical and functional landmark during swallowing. However, the precise UES location before and during swallowing has not been well established.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine upper oesophageal sphincter (UES) location and displacement during swallowing accounting for sex, age, and height in healthy adults using 320‐row area detector computed tomography (320‐ADCT).MethodsNinety‐four healthy adults (43 males; 22–90 years) underwent 320‐ADCT scanning while swallowing one trial of 10 mL honey thick barium. UES location at bolus hold and at maximum displacement and vertical displacement during swallowing were identified using the coordinates and the section classification of vertebrae (VERT scale). The differences and correlations of UES location and distance in terms of sex, age, and height were analysed using Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation coefficient.ResultsUES locations at bolus hold and at maximum displacement were significantly lower and UES vertical displacement was significantly larger in males than in females (p < .001). UES location at bolus hold became lower with increasing age (r = −.312, p = .002), but the negative correlation was low at maximum displacement (r = −.230, p = .026), resulting in larger vertical distance with ageing. UES locations showed high negative correlation at bolus hold with height (r = −.715, p < .001), and showed moderate negative correlation at maximum displacement with height (r = −.555, p < .001), although this effect was unclear when analysed by sex.ConclusionMales showed lower UES location and larger displacement than females. The impact of age was evident with lower location before swallowing and larger displacement during swallowing. Differences observed by sex were not completely explained by using the VERT scale to adjust for height.
The Ultra‐Long‐Term Sleep study: Design, rationale, data stability and user perspective
Authors: Ahrens Esben , Jennum Poul , Duun‐Henriksen Jonas , Borregaard Helle W. S. , Nielsen Sofie Sylvest , Taptiklis Nick , Cormack Francesca , Djurhuus Bjarki Ditlev , Homøe Preben , Kjær Troels W. , Hemmsen Martin Christian 
Published: April 2024

SummarySleep deprivation and poor sleep quality are significant societal challenges that negatively impact individuals' health. The interaction between subjective sleep quality, objective sleep measures, physical and cognitive performance, and their day‐to‐day variations remains poorly understood. Our year‐long study of 20 healthy individuals, using subcutaneous electroencephalography, aimed to elucidate these interactions, assessing data stability and participant satisfaction, usability, well‐being and adherence. In the study, 25 participants were fitted with a minimally invasive subcutaneous electroencephalography lead, with 20 completing the year of subcutaneous electroencephalography recording. Signal stability was measured using covariance of variation. Participant satisfaction, usability and well‐being were measured with questionnaires: Perceived Ease of Use questionnaire, System Usability Scale, Headache questionnaire, Major Depression Inventory, World Health Organization 5‐item Well‐Being Index, and interviews. The subcutaneous electroencephalography signals remained stable for the entire year, with an average participant adherence rate of 91%. Participants rated their satisfaction with the subcutaneous electroencephalography device as easy to use with minimal or no discomfort. The System Usability Scale score was high at 86.3 ± 10.1, and interviews highlighted that participants understood how to use the subcutaneous electroencephalography device and described a period of acclimatization to sleeping with the device. This study provides compelling evidence for the feasibility of longitudinal sleep monitoring during everyday life utilizing subcutaneous electroencephalography in healthy subjects, showcasing excellent signal stability, adherence and user experience. The amassed subcutaneous electroencephalography data constitutes the largest dataset of its kind, and is poised to significantly advance our understanding of day‐to‐day variations in normal sleep and provide key insights into subjective and objective sleep quality.
Crosslinguistic Differences in Food Labels Do Not Yield Differences in Taste Perception
Authors: Bylund Emanuel , Samuel Steven , Athanasopoulos Panos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch has shown that speakers of different languages may differ in their cognitive and perceptual processing of reality. A common denominator of this line of investigation has been its reliance on the sensory domain of vision. The aim of our study was to extend the scope to a new sense—taste. Using as a starting point crosslinguistic differences in the category boundaries of edible bulbs, we examined whether monolingual speakers of English and bilingual speakers of Norwegian and English were influenced by language‐specific categories during tasting. The results showed no evidence of such effects, not even for the Norwegian participants in an entirely Norwegian context. This suggests that crosslinguistic differences in visual perception do not readily generalize to the domain of taste. We discuss the findings in terms of predictive processing, with particular reference to trigeminal stimulation (a central tasting component) and the interplay between chemosensory signals and top‐down linguistic modulation.
The role of historical biogeography in shaping colour morph diversity in the common wall lizard
Authors: Aguilar Prem , Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem , Carneiro Miguel , Andrade Pedro , Pinho Catarina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe maintenance of polymorphisms often depends on multiple selective forces, but less is known on the role of stochastic or historical processes in maintaining variation. The common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) is a colour polymorphic species in which local colour morph frequencies are thought to be modulated by natural and sexual selection. Here, we used genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism data to investigate the relationships between morph composition and population biogeography at a regional scale, by comparing morph composition with patterns of genetic variation of 54 populations sampled across the Pyrenees. We found that genetic divergence was explained by geographic distance but not by environmental features. Differences in morph composition were associated with genetic and environmental differentiation, as well as differences in sex ratio. Thus, variation in colour morph frequencies could have arisen via historical events and/or differences in the permeability to gene flow, possibly shaped by the complex topography and environment. In agreement with this hypothesis, colour morph diversity was positively correlated with genetic diversity and rates of gene flow and inversely correlated with the likelihood of the occurrence of bottlenecks. Concurrently, we did not find conclusive evidence for selection in the two colour loci. As an illustration of these effects, we observed that populations with higher proportions of the rarer yellow and yellow‐orange morphs had higher genetic diversity. Our results suggest that processes involving a decay in overall genetic diversity, such as reduced gene flow and/or bottleneck events have an important role in shaping population‐specific morph composition via non‐selective processes.
Parallel heterogeneous data‐fusion convolutional neural networks for improved rail bridge strike detection
Authors: Khresat Hussam , Sitton Jase D. , Story Brett A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLow clearance rail bridges provide vital crossings for freight and passenger trains and are susceptible to frequent strikes from overheight vehicles or equipment. Impact detection systems can help ensure the safety of railroad bridges and their users; such systems streamline monitoring efforts by providing near real‐time strike notifications to rail managers responsible for assessing a bridge after a strike. This paper develops parallel heterogeneous data‐fusion convolutional neural networks (PHD‐CNN) operating on data collected from in‐service rail bridges that improves detection and classification of from overheight vehicles. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) automatically extract features from multiple data streams from different sensor modalities. The method provides a mechanism to homogenize and fuse disparate data streams for use as inputs to a classifier that distinguishes bridge strikes from passing trains. The study also provides practical implementation guidelines through a framework sensitivity characterization to examine the effects on performance of input data stream type, data set size, and CNN architecture complexity. Optimum networks detect, on average, 95% of bridge strikes with false positive rates less than 2%.
Visual pigment concentration and photoreceptor outer segment length in the human retina
Authors: Pattni Krishna , Wood Ashley , Cassels Nicola , Margrain Tom 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe Beer–Lambert law suggests that visual pigment optical density (OD) should be linearly related to the length of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). Mammalian studies indicate that visual pigment concentration increases with POS length, but the nature of this relationship may vary due to factors such as visual pigment packing density or retinal eccentricity, and may not necessarily be linearly related. The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between OD and POS length in humans.MethodsSpectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image POS, and imaging retinal densitometry (IRD) was used to measure OD at corresponding locations in 19 healthy participants (age range 25–82 years). POS length and OD measurements were extracted from OCT and IRD images at 23 discrete locations spanning the central 9° of the retina. The averaged data from all participants were fitted with models based on the Beer–Lambert law to establish the relationship between OD and POS length.ResultsVisual pigment OD increased monotonically with POS length, but the relationship was non‐linear, and a straight‐line fit, based on a simple interpretation of the Beer–Lambert law, provided a poor description. A model allowing for different rod and cone visual pigment concentrations provided a superior fit. Specifically, the data were well described by a model where the molar concentration of visual pigment in cones and rods were 3.8 × 10−3 mol/L and 1.8 × 10−3mol/L, respectively.ConclusionsIn accordance with the Beer–Lambert law, the results indicate that OD increases monotonically with POS length in humans, but the precise relationship is dependent on photoreceptor type. These results suggest that visual pigment concentration in rods is only about 48% of that found in cones. This may be due to the ubiquitous nature of artificial light that works to reduce the concentration of rhodopsin in rod photoreceptors.