bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal Glycemic Control and Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Kinsley Brendan , Amiel Stephanie A. , Heller Simon , McCance David , Duran Santiago , Bellaire Shannon , Raben Anne ,   on behalf of the Insulin Aspart Pregnancy Study Group
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—To assess the safety and efficacy of insulin aspart (IAsp) versus regular human insulin (HI) in basal-bolus therapy with NPH insulin in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Subjects (n = 322) who were pregnant or planning pregnancy were randomized to IAsp or HI as meal-time insulin in an open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study. Subjects had A1C ≤8% at confirmation of pregnancy. Insulin doses were titrated toward predefined glucose targets and A1C &lt;6.5%. Outcomes assessed included risk of major maternal hypoglycemia, A1C, plasma glucose profiles, and maternal safety outcomes.
RESULTS—Major hypoglycemia occurred at a rate of 1.4 vs. 2.1 episodes/year exposure with IAsp and HI, respectively (relative risk 0.720 [95% CI 0.36–1.46]). Risk of major/major nocturnal hypoglycemia was 52% (RR 0.48 [0.20–1.143]; P = NS) lower with IAsp compared with HI. A1C was comparable with human insulin in second (IAsp-HI −0.04 [−0.18 to 0.11]) and third (−0.08 [−0.23 to 0.06]) trimesters. A total of 80% of subjects achieved an A1C ≤6.5%. At the end of first and third trimesters, average postprandial plasma glucose increments were significantly lower with IAsp than HI (P = 0.003 and P = 0.044, respectively), as were mean plasma glucose levels 90 min after breakfast (P = 0.044 and P = 0.001, respectively). Maternal safety profiles and pregnancy outcomes were similar between treatments.
CONCLUSIONS—IAsp is at least as safe and effective as HI when used in basal-bolus therapy with NPH insulin in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and may potentially offer some benefits in terms of postprandial glucose control and preventing severe hypoglycemia.
Influence of Breastfeeding on Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors in Latino Youth With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Davis Jaimie N. , Weigensberg Marc J. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. , Crespo Noe C. , Kelly Louise A. , Lane Christianne J. , Goran Michael I. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—To determine whether breastfeeding is related to total adiposity, regional adiposity, and glucose and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth throughout puberty.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The relation between breastfeeding and diabetes risk was determined in 240 overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) Latino children (aged 8–13 years) with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes. Children were examined at baseline (Tanner pubertal stage 1) and for 2 more years as they advanced in pubertal maturation. Children were divided into the following categories: never breastfed (n = 102), breastfed 0–5.99 months (n = 61), breastfed 6–11.99 months (n = 24), and breastfed ≥12 months (n = 53). Tanner pubertal stage was determined by physical examination. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat were determined by magnetic resonance imagining, and total body fat, total lean tissue mass, and percent body fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting and postchallenge glucose were assessed with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and disposition index ([DI] an index of β-cell function) were measured by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling.
RESULTS—There were no significant effects of breastfeeding categories on adiposity (i.e., total fat mass, total lean tissue mass, percent body fat), fat distribution (visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat), fasting glucose or 2-h glucose, or insulin dynamics (SI, AIR, and DI) at Tanner pubertal stage 1 or on changes in these variables over pubertal transitions in overweight Latino youth.
CONCLUSIONS—In this population of high-risk Latino youth, there were no significant protective effects of breastfeeding on adiposity or type 2 diabetes risk factors at Tanner pubertal stage 1 or across advances in maturation.
Sex-Specific Determinants of Left Ventricular Mass in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Kuch Bernhard , von Scheidt Wolfgang , Peter Wolfgang , Döring Angela , Piehlmeier Wolfgang , Landgraf Rüdiger , Meisinger Christa 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE— Obesity and hypertension are regarded as the most important determinants of left ventricular mass in the community. Little is known about sex-specific influences of obesity, hypertension, and other risk factors on left ventricular mass in pre-diabetic or diabetic subjects.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We examined how body composition, blood pressure, and other factors are related to left ventricular structure in elderly subjects (mean age 62 years, 88% of women postmenopausal) with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance; n = 112) and diabetes with (n = 181) and without (n = 213) overt cardiovascular disease (CVD).
RESULTS— Neither microalbuminuria nor physical activity was significantly associated with left ventricular mass. In pre-diabetic as well as diabetic subjects with CVD, mainly BMI and fat mass, particularly in women, were correlated with left ventricular mass. In the diabetic group without overt CVD, fat mass was only slightly correlated with left ventricular mass. In the latter group waist-to-hip-ratio, and, only in men, systolic blood pressure, glucose, and A1C were moderately correlated with left ventricular mass. Multiregression analysis over all groups again revealed fat mass as the main determinant of left ventricular mass in women. In women but not men obesity was associated with a significantly increased prevalence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.
CONCLUSIONS— In pre-diabetic and diabetic elderly subjects fat mass is the major determinant of left ventricular mass in women but not in men. These results may partly explain sex differences in CVD mortality in obese elderly diabetic subjects and underscore the need for activities focused on weight reduction.
Reduction of Surgical Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With a Combined Intravenous and Subcutaneous Insulin Glucose Management Strategy
Authors: Schmeltz Lowell R. , DeSantis Anthony J. , Thiyagarajan Vinaya , Schmidt Kathleen , O'Shea-Mahler Eileen , Johnson Diana , Henske Joseph , McCarthy Patrick M. , Gleason Thomas G. , McGee Edwin C. , Molitch Mark E. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—To determine if glucose management in postcardiothoracic surgery patients with a combined intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) insulin regimen reduces mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes and stress-induced hyperglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Retrospective review of 614 consecutive patients who underwent cardiothoracic (CT) surgery in 2005 was performed to evaluate the incidence and treatment of postoperative hyperglycemia and operative morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemic patients (glucose &gt;6.05 mmol/l) were treated with IV insulin in the intensive care unit (ICU) followed by SC insulin (outside ICU). Subgroup analysis was performed on 159 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-only patients.
RESULTS—Among all CT surgeries, patients with a preoperative diagnosis of diabetes had higher rates of postoperative mortality (7.3 vs. 3.3%; P = 0.03) and pulmonary complications (19.5 vs. 11.6%; P = 0.02) but had similar rates of infections and cardiac, renal, and neurological complications on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, a preoperative diagnosis of diabetes was not a significant factor in postoperative mortality or pulmonary complications. In CABG-only patients, no significant differences were seen in outcomes between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Independent of diabetic status, glucose ≥11 mmol/l on ICU admission was predictive of higher rates of mortality and renal, pulmonary, and cardiac postoperative complications.
CONCLUSIONS—A combination of IV insulin (in the ICU) and SC insulin (outside the ICU), a less costly and less nursing-intensive therapy than 3 days of IV insulin postoperatively, results in a reduction of the increased surgical morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients after CT surgery.
Dietary Energy Density Is Associated With Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. Adults
Authors: Mendoza Jason A. , Drewnowski Adam , Christakis Dimitri A. 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—Rising obesity rates have been linked to the consumption of energy-dense diets. We examined whether dietary energy density was associated with obesity and related disorders including insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data of U.S. adults ≥20 years of age from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 9,688). Dietary energy density was calculated based on foods only. We used a series of multivariate linear regression models to determine the independent association between dietary energy density, obesity measures (BMI [in kilograms per meters squared] and waist circumference [in centimeters]), glycemia, or insulinemia. We used multivariate Poisson regression models to determine the independent association between dietary energy density and the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol and Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III).
RESULTS—Dietary energy density was independently and significantly associated with higher BMI in women (β = 0.44 [95% CI 0.14–0.73]) and trended toward a significant association in men (β = 0.37 [−0.007 to 0.74], P = 0.054). Dietary energy density was associated with higher waist circumference in women (β = 1.11 [0.42–1.80]) and men (β = 1.33 [0.46–2.19]). Dietary energy density was also independently associated with elevated fasting insulin (β = 0.65 [0.18–1.12]) and the metabolic syndrome (prevalence ratio = 1.10 [95% CI 1.03–1.17]).
CONCLUSIONS—Dietary energy density is an independent predictor of obesity, elevated fasting insulin levels, and the metabolic syndrome in U.S. adults. Intervention studies to reduce dietary energy density are warranted.
The Use of Medical Hyperspectral Technology to Evaluate Microcirculatory Changes in Diabetic Foot Ulcers and to Predict Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Khaodhiar Lalita , Dinh Thanh , Schomacker Kevin T. , Panasyuk Svetlana V. , Freeman Jenny E. , Lew Robert , Vo Tiffany , Panasyuk Alexander A. , Lima Christina , Giurini John M. , Lyons Thomas E. , Veves Aristidis 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—Foot ulceration is a serious complication of diabetes, and new techniques that can predict wound healing may prove very helpful. We tested the ability of medical hyperspectral technology (HT), a novel diagnostic scanning technique that can quantify tissue oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin to predict diabetic foot ulcer healing.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Ten type 1 diabetic patients with 21 foot ulcer sites, 13 type 1 diabetic patients without ulcers, and 14 nondiabetic control subjects were seen up to 4 times over a 6-month period. HT measurements of oxyhemoglobin (HT-oxy) and deoxyhemoglobin (HT-deoxy) were performed at or near the ulcer area and on the upper and lower extremity distant from the ulcer. An HT healing index for each site was calculated from the HT-oxy and -deoxy values.
RESULTS—Hyperspectral tissue oxygenation measurements observed changes in tissue immediately surrounding the ulcer when comparing ulcers that heal and ulcers that do not heal (P &lt; 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the HT index for predicting healing were 93, 86, 93, and 86%, respectively, when evaluated on images taken at the first visit. Changes in HT-oxy among the three risk groups were noted for the metatarsal area of the foot (P &lt; 0.05) and the palm (P &lt; 0.01). Changes in HT-deoxy and the HT healing index were noted for the palm only (P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS—HT has the capability to identify microvascular abnormalities and tissue oxygenation in the diabetic foot and predict ulcer healing. HT can assist in the management of foot ulceration.
Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in Northern Finland
Authors: Hekkala Anne , Knip Mikael , Veijola Riitta 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVE—To study the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) over a 20-year period among children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in northern Finland.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study population comprised 585 patients (328 boys) diagnosed with type 1 diabetes aged &lt;15 years in the Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, between 1 January 1982 and 31 December 2001. The data for clinical characteristics were collected retrospectively from the patients’ case records. The earlier 10-year period (1982–1991) was compared with the later 10-year period (1992–2001). Two definitions for DKA were used: DKA(i) pH &lt;7.30 or DKA(ii) pH &lt;7.30 and/or bicarbonate &lt;15 mmol/l.
RESULTS—During the later 10-year period, children less often had DKA at diagnosis [DKA(i) 15.2 vs. 22.4%, P = 0.028, and DKA(ii) 18.9 vs. 29.5%, P = 0.003]. The proportion of young children aged &lt;5 years at diagnosis increased over time, but the frequency of DKA also was lower in this age-group during 1992–2001 compared with the earlier 10-year period [DKA(i) 17.7 vs. 32.1%, P = 0.052, and DKA(ii) 20.3 vs. 42.6%, P = 0.005]. In children aged &lt;2 years at diagnosis, the frequency of DKA remained high during 1992–2001 [DKA(i) 39.1% and DKA(ii) 47.8%].
CONCLUSIONS—The overall frequency of DKA in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes decreased over a 20-year period in northern Finland. However, children aged &lt;2 years are still at high risk for DKA at diagnosis.
2H Chemical-shift resolution and dipolar2H-1H,2H-15N correlations in solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy for structure determination and distance measurements in hydrogen-bonded systems
Authors: Schulz-Dobrick Martin , Schnell Ingo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn solid-state NMR, deuteron (2H) spectroscopy can be performed in full analogy to1H spectroscopy, including2H chemical-shift resolution and2H-X dipolar correlation schemes, when the NMR experiments are conducted in a “rotor-synchronized” fashion under fast magic-angle spinning. Here, 2H-X NMR experiments of this type, including2H-15N and2H-1H chemical-shift correlations and distance measurements, are introduced and demonstrated on cytosine monohydrate, whose acidic protons can readily be replaced by deuterons by recrystallization from D2O. In this way,2H NMR spectroscopy provides information complementary to1H NMR data, which is particularly useful for studying hydrogen bonds in supra- or biomolecular systems.
In Vitro Analysis of Yeast Mitochondrial Protein Import
Authors: Stuart Rosemary A. , Koehler Carla M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis unit describes methods for importing in vitro–translated or recombinant proteins into isolated yeast mitochondria and for exporting mitochondrial proteins translated in the yeast mitochondrial matrix into the inner mitochondrial membrane. The methods use mitochondria isolated from yeast cells and mitochondrial protein precursors derived from an in vitro transcription/translation reaction or purified from an E. coli recombinant protein expression system. The described translocation assays can be used to determine whether a protein is targeted to mitochondria and its location within the mitochondrion. It can also be used to study the import mechanism and to investigate mitochondrial matrix translation of proteins and their export.
Ferroelectric and Ferromagnetic Behavior of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–Co0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 Multilayered Thin Films Prepared via Solution Processing
Authors: He H.‐C. , Wang J. , Zhou J.‐P. , Nan C.‐W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMultilayered multiferroic nanocomposite films of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) and Co0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4 (CZFO) are prepared on general Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates via a simple solution‐processing method. Structural characterization by X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques reveals good surface and cross‐sectional morphologies of these multilayered thin films. In particular, at room temperature strong ferroelectric and ferromagnetic responses are simultaneously observed in the multilayered thin films, depending on the deposited sequences and volume fractions of ferroelectric PZT phase and magnetic CZFO phase.
Mesothelioma in blood related subjects: Report of 11 clusters among 1954 Italy cases and review of the literature
Authors: Ascoli Valeria , Cavone Domenica , Merler Enzo , Barbieri Pietro Gino , Romeo Luciano , Nardi Francesco , Musti Marina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundMalignant mesothelioma is a sporadic tumor related to asbestos. Its occurrence in blood relatives raises the question of potential contribution of predisposing factors.MethodsThe study analyses the features of mesothelioma in blood relatives that might explain the disease clustering. Data sources of familial clusters were three population‐based Mesothelioma Registries in Italy (Veneto and Apulia Regions, Brescia province; 1978–2005) and Medline, Toxline, and Oshline/Hseline databases for a review of the literature (1968–2006).ResultsEleven clusters (22 cases) were identified among 1954 Italy mesothelioma cases, and 51 clusters (120 cases) were extracted from 33 studies. The proportion of Italy familial cases was 1.4 per 100 mesothelioma cases; the ratio between the number of familial clusters and the number of non‐familial mesothelioma cases was 1:148. The mesothelioma profile in consanguineous is the same as in non‐consanguineous subjects (male prevalence; pleural site; age at diagnosis >50 years; asbestos exposure). Most clusters occurred in asbestos workers (shipyard, asbestos‐cement production/processing, and insulation) and household‐exposed blood relatives. Others were related to asbestos‐cement factory pollution, asbestos‐in‐place, and handling asbestos‐contaminated textiles. Two clusters were without any known exposure. Cancer family history revealed lung cancer cases in eight clusters.ConclusionsAvailable data support asbestos exposure as the main risk factor in mesothelioma cases among blood relatives. Our finding of a low proportion of familial cases would not suggest the influence of a large genetic component for mesothelioma in blood relatives. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:357–369, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of single clone deletions using array CGH: Identification of submicroscopic deletions in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome as a model system
Authors: Tokuyasu Taku A. , Cotter Philip D. , Segraves Richard , Harris Jeffrey , Elder Melissa E. , Gonzales Marcos , Pinkel Daniel , Albertson Donna G. , Rauen Katherine A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractConstitutional submicroscopic DNA copy number alterations have been shown to cause numerous medical genetic syndromes, and are suspected to occur in a portion of cases for which the causal events remain undiscovered. Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) allows high‐throughput, high‐resolution genome scanning for DNA dosage aberrations and thus offers an attractive approach for both clinical diagnosis and discovery efforts. Here we assess this capability by applying array CGH to the analysis of copy number alterations in 44 patients with a phenotype of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Twenty‐five patients had the deletion on chromosome 22 characteristic of this syndrome as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The array measurements were in complete concordance with the FISH analysis, supporting their diagnostic utility. These data show that a genome‐scanning microarray has the level of sensitivity and specificity required to prospectively interrogate and identify single copy number aberrations in a clinical setting. We demonstrate that such technology is ideally suited for microdeletion syndromes such as 22q11.2. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine–Lubinsky syndrome: Sibling pair suggests possible autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Holder Ashley M. , Graham Brett H. , Lee Brendan , Scott Daryl A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 1983, Fine and Lubinsky reported a single patient with craniofacial anomalies, hearing loss, cataracts, microstomia, CNS anomalies, and developmental delay. Since that time, three additional patients with similar findings have been described. In each case the patients was the only affected child in his or her family. Here we describe the first brother and sister sibling pair with features suggestive of Fine–Lubinsky syndrome. Features present in one or both of our patients, and the majority of previously described individuals with Fine–Lubinsky syndrome, include: craniosynostosis/abnormal calvaria, prominent frontal bones, flat facial profiles, small noses, microstomia, hearing loss, developmental delay/mental retardation, and abnormal digits. Unusual anomalies present in our patients include marked brachydactyly of fingers and toes, camptodactyly most severely affecting the second fingers, and permanence of decidual teeth. The identification of a sibling pair with Fine–Lubinsky suggests a possible autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. It is important that parents of children with Fine–Lubinsky be informed of the increased recurrence risk associated with that type of inheritance. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of disability in adults with hip arthroplasty: A national longitudinal study
Authors: Dechartres Agnes , Boutron Isabelle , Nizard Remy , Poiraudeau Serge , Roy Carine , Ravaud Jean‐François , Ravaud Philippe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo describe disability in individuals with hip arthroplasty and its evolution over 2 years compared with that in the general population, and to compare the degree of disability between subjects with recent and older hip arthroplasty.MethodsWe selected a national representative sample of 16,945 subjects from the 1999 French population census. This sample, interviewed in 1999 and 2001 about their level of disability, included 527 subjects with hip arthroplasty (i.e., representing 424,000 individuals in the French noninstitutionalized population): 145 who underwent the procedure between 1999 and 2001 (recent hip arthroplasty) and 382 with an older hip arthroplasty.ResultsSubjects with hip arthroplasty reported more difficulty in bending forward (odds ratio [OR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.1–6.6), climbing stairs (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.1), walking >300 meters (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.03–2.6), dressing (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.1–4.2), and getting in and out of a chair (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.7–3.6) than the general population. However, the evolution in disability was similar to that of the general population. Compared with subjects with older hip arthroplasty, those with recent hip arthroplasty reported more difficulty walking >300 meters (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3–5.6), washing (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–5.4), dressing (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2), and getting in and out of a chair (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9).ConclusionThis study describes the potential future disability in the more elderly population, with implications for health‐related planning.