bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental observation and numerical simulation of guided modes in Nd:YLiF4 channel waveguides produced by carbon ion implantation
Authors: Tan Yang , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report on, to our knowledge the first time, the channel waveguide formation in Nd:YLiF4 laser crystal produced by 6 MeV carbon ion implantation. The guided modes are observed by using an end‐face arrangement. We construct the two‐dimensional (2D) refractive index profile of the channel waveguide cross section, which is based on the related planar waveguide index distribution as well as the rectangular shape of the waveguide cross sections. The modal intensity distribution is numerically calculated by using the beam propagation method according to the reconstructed index profile, which shows a reasonable agreement with the experimental result. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical study of hydrogen‐bonded complexes of benzene with hydrides of astrochemical interest
Authors: Nait Achour M. , Belmecheri M. R. , Berthier G. , Savinelli R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPost Hartree–Fock and DFT calculations have been performed for studying the possibility for a benzene support to be linked to various hydrides through a quasi Bz···HA bond. Interaction energy of compounds, including CH bonds (CH4, CH3F, CH2O, CHN, CHNO), NH bonds (NH3, NH2F, NHC, NHCO, NH3O), and OH bonds (OH2, OHF, NCOH), were evaluated, taking basis set superposition error (BSSE) and zero point vibrational energy (ZPVE) corrections into account. Numerical convergence of results with respect to the ingredients included at different steps of theory (basis set, DFT functionals, correlation treatments, geometry optimization) was tested mainly on the example of the water adduct and, for comparison, the Bz···H3O+ system containing a cation instead of a neutral molecule. A rather large range of adsorption energies is obtained, from about 1 kcal/mol for methane to more than 6 kcal/mol for cyanic acid, according to the acidic character of the adsorbed species in each family of Bz···HA bonds. Some consequences for astrophysical problems involving PAHs in the interstellar medium are pointed out. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
The use of Gaussian quadrature for estimation in frailty proportional hazards models
Authors: Liu Lei , Huang Xuelin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel Gaussian quadrature estimation method in various frailty proportional hazards models. We approximate the unspecified baseline hazard by a piecewise constant one, resulting in a parametric model that can be fitted conveniently by Gaussian quadrature tools in standard software such as SAS Proc NLMIXED. We first apply our method to simple frailty models for correlated survival data (e.g. recurrent or clustered failure times), then to joint frailty models for correlated failure times with informative dropout or a dependent terminal event such as death. Simulation studies show that our method compares favorably with the well‐received penalized partial likelihood method and the Monte Carlo EM (MCEM) method, for both normal and Gamma frailty models. We apply our method to three real data examples: (1) the time to blindness of both eyes in a diabetic retinopathy study, (2) the joint analysis of recurrent opportunistic diseases in the presence of death for HIV‐infected patients, and (3) the joint modeling of local, distant tumor recurrences and patients survival in a soft tissue sarcoma study. The proposed method greatly simplifies the implementation of the (joint) frailty models and makes them much more accessible to general statistical practitioners. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding complexity, challenging traditional ways of thinking
Authors: Wulun Jin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the historic evolutionary process of thinking patterns since modern science, which can be divided into three stages: modernism, systems thinking and postmodernism. The paper proposes that the main form of thinking pattern of modernism is mechanism which accompanies modern science. Systems thinking set its aim on holism, but its approach is still inseparable from division and reduction. Both the thinking patterns of modernism and systems thinking are of the category of constitutive theory. However, the rise of complexity sciences has brought great changes to thinking patterns and moved toward postmodernism that has the characteristic of generative theory. In this paper, the function of both convergent and divergent patterns of thinking in the evolution of holistic thinking is interspersed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to studying complex systems
Authors: Zexian Yan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper introduces a new approach to the studies of complex systems, which is based on conceptual entanglement of science and philosophy. On the basis of ‘two umbrellas’ by Checkland, we raise a ‘third umbrella’, namely, self‐organization and evolution, which extends systems thinking to complex system thinking. This paper also talks about the mechanisms of the operation and evolution of complex systems, puts forth an interactive model of three mechanisms and two feedback loops and finally presents its implication to the management of social organizations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wölbkrafttorsion bei veränderlichem, offenem Querschnitt – hat die Biegezugstabanalogie noch Gültigkeit?
Authors: Rubin Helmut , Aminbaghai Mehdi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie weniger anschauliche Theorie der Wölbkrafttorsion kann durch die wesentlich anschaulichere Theorie II. Ordnung des Biegestabes mit Längszugkraft ersetzt werden, indem die Biegezugstabanalogie verwendet wird. Dass dieses Vorgehen nicht mehr zulässig ist, wenn es sich um einen Stab mit veränderlichem Querschnitt handelt, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag gezeigt. Für einen verallgemeinerten, einfachsymmetrischen I‐Querschnitt mit linear veränderlicher Steghöhe und Gurtbreite werden alle erforderlichen Formeln zur Berechnung der Schnitt‐ und Verschiebungsgrößen auf Basis der Übertragungsbeziehung entwickelt und die zur Ermittlung der Wölbnormal‐ und Wölbschubspannungen benötigten Beziehungen angegeben. Die Anwendung wird anhand von drei Beispielen gezeigt, beim ersten Beispiel sind auch die Ergebnisse nach der Biegezugstabanalogie angegeben, dabei zeigt sich, dass die Zustandsgrößen der sekundären Torsion i. d. R. nicht einmal das richtige Vorzeichen aufweisen.
An analytical model for high‐rise wall‐frame structures with outriggers
Authors: Lee Jaehong , Bang Minsik , Kim Jae‐Yeol 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the governing equations of wall‐frame structures with outriggers are formulated through the continuum approach and the whole structure is idealized as a shear–flexural cantilever with rotational springs. The effect of shear deformation and flexural deformation of the wall‐frame and outrigger trusses are considered and incorporated in the formulation of the governing equations. A displacement‐based one‐dimensional finite element model is developed to predict lateral drift of a wall‐frame with outriggers under horizontal loads. Numerical static results are obtained and compared with previously available results and the values obtained from the finite element package MIDAS. The proposed method is found to be simple and efficient, and provides reasonably accurate results in the early design stage of tall building structures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anbindung von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen an plasmachemisch funktionalisierte und Cucurbituril‐modifizierte Oberflächen
Authors: Mix R. , Hoffmann K. , Buschmann H.‐J. , Friedrich J. F. , Resch‐Genger U. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPlasmapolymerisierte Allylaminschichten (50 nm) wurden auf Polypropylenfolien abgeschieden. Die auf diese Weise generierte NH2‐funktionalisierte Polymeroberfläche wurde mit Xanthen‐Fluorophoren chemisch umgesetzt. Da die Farbstoff‐gekoppelten Folien nur geringe Fluoreszenz aufwiesen, wurden zwei Wege zur möglichen Entkopplung der Farbstoffe von der Oberfläche und damit zur Erhöhung der Fluoreszenzintensität getestet. Als erstes wurde ein Spacer durch die Umsetzung der primären Aminogruppen mit Glutaraldehyd und der nachfolgenden Kettenverlängerung mit Diaminohexan eingeführt. Diese nachfolgende Reaktion ergab eine spacergebundene NH2‐Oberfläche, die analog der Allylaminschicht mit den Farbstoffen umgesetzt wurde. Als weiterer Weg wurde der Zusatz einer geeigneten Käfigverbindung, des Cucurbit[6]urils, getestet. Die spacergebundenen und zusätzlich mit Cucurbituril modifizierten aminofunktionellen Oberflächen zeigten nach der Farbstoffankopplung eine verbesserte Fluoreszenzintensität.
The characteristics of domestic tung oils
Authors: Holmes Raiford L. , Pack Frank C. , Minor Jacob C. , McKinney R. S. 
Published: October 2007

ConclusionDomestic tung oil is a very uniform product as shown by the determination of the chemical and physical properties of 74 samples taken over three successive milling seasons.The refractive index, refractive dispersion, and heat test are correlated with the total eleostearic acid content, the correlation coefficients being 0.69, 0.73, and −0.62 respectively, which indicates that any one of these values can be taken as a rough measure of the elostearic acid content. The correlation of the eleostearic acid content with the Wijs and hydrogen iodine values was lower, 0.48 and 0.53, respectively. A correlation of −0.81 was found between refractive index and heat test.
The pigments of crude cottonseed oils. I. The inhibition of color reversion in crude cottonseed oils
Authors: Dechary J. M. , Kupperman R. P. , Thurber F. H. , O’Connor R. T. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryTreatment of freshly prepared crude cottonseed oils withp‐aminobenzoic acid and subsequent removal of the di‐p‐carboxyanilinogossypol formed makes it possible to store the oils at a relatively high temperature (37–38°C.) and for an extended period of time (30 days) without incurring any adverse changes in the refining and bleaching properties of the oils. In addition, a considerable decrease in the refining loss of the crude oil is obtained, and the stability of the bleached oil is not affected by the treatment.Spectrophotometric studies made during all phases of the chemical treatment and during the refining and bleaching procedures show that thep‐aminobenzoic acid removes almost completely the gossypol‐like pigments which are present in the crude oils and yields oils having the characteristic carotenoid spectrum.
Developing coping typologies of minority adolescents: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Aldridge Arianna A. , Roesch Scott C. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTLatent profile analysis (LPA) was used to develop a coping typology of minority adolescents (M=15.5 years). A multiethnic sample (n=354) was recruited from a program aimed at serving low‐income students. LPA revealed three distinct coping profiles. The first comprised adolescents who used a number of specific coping strategies at a low level (low generic copers). The second comprised adolescents who emphasized active/approach strategies (e.g., planning; active copers). The third comprised adolescents who emphasized avoidant/passive strategies (e.g., substance abuse; avoidant copers). Active copers experienced significantly less depression and more stress‐related growth than low generic copers. Low generic copers not only experienced significantly less depression than avoidant copers but also significantly less stress‐related growth than active copers. Discussion focuses on integrating the current typology with traditional coping taxomonies.
An adverse intrauterine environment: implications for injury and altered development of the brain
Authors: Rees Sandra , Harding Richard , Walker David 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAbnormal development of the brain during fetal life is now thought to contribute to the aetiology of many functional and behavioural disorders that manifest throughout life. Many factors are likely to underlie such abnormal development including genetic makeup and an adverse intrauterine environment. This review will focus on prenatal hypoxic–ischemic injury and inflammatory/infective insults. A range of experimental models have been used to characterise lesions formed in response to these insults and to determine mechanisms of damage resulting from such events. Relatively brief periods of fetal hypoxia result in neuronal death (cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex), white matter damage and reduced growth of neural processes. These effects are more profound at mid than late gestation. Chronic mild placental insufficiency can result in fetal growth restriction and deficits in neural connectivity and myelination. Exposure of the preterm fetus to inflammatory agents causes brain damage particularly in the white matter and this is exacerbated by hypoxia. These studies show that the timing, severity and nature of specific insults are critical in determining the pattern of injury and thus the extent to which neurological function will be affected postnatally. Defining the causes, patterns and mechanisms of brain injury is crucial if we are to develop rational neuroprotective strategies to reduce the burden of altered brain growth and poor functional and behavioural outcomes.
Modulation of parkin gene expression in noradrenergic neuronal cells
Authors: Park Euteum , Kim Seung , Kim Sung‐Jun , Park Yeol , Lee Jung‐Sup , Yoo Jin‐Cheol , Kim Chun‐Sung , Kim Do Kyung , Lee Sook‐Young , Chun Hong Sung 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTypical autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism (AR‐JP) is resulted from the loss of function mutation in the parkin gene. In an effort to learn more about the cell type‐specific functional role of parkin, we used in vitro model such as locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NA) neuronal progenitor cell line, LC3541. Employing this in vitro model, we revealed that parkin plays a crucial role in phenotypic differentiation of NA neurons. Our results showed that parkin mRNA was expressed during the differentiation of NA neuronal progenitor cell line and that the level of the parkin mRNA was down‐regulated by oxidative stress in the NA neuronal cells. Parkin protein overexpression in LC3541 cells induced expression of NA markers (TH, phox2a and DBH). Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) for parkin supressed NA differentiation and DBH expression. Preventing protein kinase A (PKA) activation with PKI attenuated expression of DBH in parkin overexpressed LC3541 cells. These findings suggest that the relative abundance of parkin enhances differentiation of NA phenotypes via a PKA‐dependent pathway.
Increased calcium intake does not completely counteract the effects of increased phosphorus intake on bone: an acute dose–response study in healthy females
Authors: Kemi Virpi E. , Kärkkäinen Merja U. M. , Karp Heini J. , Laitinen Kalevi A. E. , Lamberg-Allardt Christel J. E. 
Published: October 2007

A high dietary P intake is suggested to have negative effects on bone through increased parathyroid hormone secretion, as high serum parathyroid hormone (S-PTH) concentration increases bone resorption. In many countries the P intake is 2- to 3-fold above dietary guidelines, whereas Ca intake is too low. This combination may not be optimal for bone health. In a previous controlled study, we found that dietary P dose-dependently increased S-PTH and bone resorption and decreased bone formation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dose–response effects of Ca intake on Ca and bone metabolism with a dietary P intake higher than recommended. Each of the twelve healthy female subjects aged 21–40 years attended three 24-h study sessions, which were randomized with regard to a Ca dose of 0 (control day), 600 or 1200 mg, and each subject served as her own control. The meals on each study day provided 1850 mg P and 480 mg Ca. S-PTH concentration decreased (P < 0·001) and serum ionized Ca concentration increased (P < 0·001) with increasing Ca doses. The bone formation marker, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, did not differ significantly (P = 0·4). By contrast, the bone resorption marker, urinary N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I, decreased significantly with both Ca doses (P = 0·008). When P intake was above current recommendations, increased Ca intake was beneficial for bone, as indicated by decreased S-PTH concentration and bone resorption. However, not even a high Ca intake could affect bone formation when P intake was excessive.
Dietary validation of a new Australian food-frequency questionnaire that estimates long-chainn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Sullivan Bethany L. , Brown Janelle , Williams Peter G. , Meyer Barbara J. 
Published: October 2007

Currently, there is no FFQ designed to capture the intakes of the long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA. The objectives of this study were to validate a new LCn-3 PUFA FFQ by comparison with 3 d weighed food records (FR) and to determine its reproducibility assessed 4 to 6 weeks apart. Healthy male and female subjects (n53) were recruited from Wollongong and the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The FFQ and FR were analysed for LCn-3 PUFA intakes using a nutrient analysis software package and these intakes were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank tests and Spearman correlation coefficients. Bland–Altman analysis and quintile assignment assessed the agreement between the two methods and the FFQ's ability to rank individuals according to intakes, respectively. Comparison of intakes from FFQ and FR correlated significantly for total LCn-3 PUFA, EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA, 0·75, 0·64, 0·62 and 0·72, respectively (P < 0·05); hence, there is reasonable agreement between the FFQ and the FR in assessing LCn-3 PUFA intakes. Quintile assignments correctly assigned 49 % of subjects into the same quintiles and 87 % of subjects were correctly assigned either to the same or adjacent quintiles. The FFQ was reproducible for intakes of LCn-3 PUFA, EPA, DPA and DHA with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0·88, 0·88, 0·90 and 0·87, respectively. In conclusion, the new FFQ is a valid and reproducible method that can be used to estimate the LCn-3 PUFA intake of healthy adults.
Is there a difference in quality of life, comparing summer and winter, in patients who have undergone total laryngectomy?
Authors: Van Wyk F C , Vaz F , Harries M , Weighill J 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntroduction:Several studies have implied that patients' quality of life stabilises six months after undergoing total laryngectomy. However, these studies may well have overlooked persistent short term variations in patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of seasonal change (i.e. summervswinter) on the quality of life of patients following total laryngectomy.Methods:A prospective, cross-sectional study of recurrence-free laryngectomy patients was performed, using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (version three) QLQ-C30 questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30), during January 2004 (i.e. winter), August 2004 (summer) and January 2005 (winter).Results:Thirty-six patients were entered into the study. The response rate was 70.3 per cent. Patient's time elapsed since surgery varied from six months to 12 years. In all questionnaire domains, responses seemed remarkably consistent over time.Conclusion:No statistically significant differences were found between summer and winter scores in all the domains analysed by the EORTC QLQ-C30.
Improving correspondence to general practitioners regarding patients attending the ENT emergency clinic: a regional general practitioner survey and audit
Authors: Wasson J , Pearce L , Alun-Jones T 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntroduction:The ENT emergency clinic provides an important out-patient service; however, often, no correspondence is sent to the general practitioner.Aim:To conduct a general practitioner questionnaire audit in order to assess whether a standardised, computerised clinic letter template could improve communication between the ENT emergency clinic and patients' general practitioners.Standard:All ENT emergency clinic patients should have a summary letter sent to their general practitioner.Methods:One hundred general practitioner questionnaires were enclosed with the first 100 ENT emergency clinic template letters sent to patients' general practitioners.Results:Seventy-two general practitioners responded (72 per cent). Of these respondents, only 7 per cent had previously received regular correspondence from the ENT emergency clinic before the introduction of the computerised letter template. Following its implementation, such a letter was sent to 100 per cent of the clinic patients' general practitioners. Ninety-seven per cent of the general practitioners valued the template letter, with a mean satisfaction score of 8.4 on a 10-point scale. Eighty-six per cent of the general practitioners stated that they would not prefer a dictated letter.Conclusion:The introduction of a simple, computerised clinic letter template improves communication with ENT emergency clinic patients' general practitioners.
Twelve-month mental disorders in South Africa: prevalence, service use and demographic correlates in the population-based South African Stress and Health Study
Authors: Williams D. R. , Herman A. , Stein D. J. , Heeringa S. G. , Jackson P. B. , Moomal H. , Kessler R. C. 
Published: October 2007

BackgroundSouth Africa's history and current social conditions suggest that mental disorders are likely to be a major contributor to disease burden, but there has been no national study using standardized assessment tools.MethodThe South African Stress and Health Study was a nationally representative in-person psychiatric epidemiological survey of 4351 adults (aged ⩾18 years) that was conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative between January 2002 and June 2004. Twelve-month prevalence and severity of DSM-IV disorders, treatment, and sociodemographic correlates were assessed with Version 3.0 of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0).ResultsThe 12-month prevalence of any DSM-IV/CIDI disorder was 16.5%, with 26.2% of respondents with disorder classified as severe cases and an additional 31.1% as moderately severe cases. The most common disorders were agoraphobia (4.8%), major depressive disorder (4.9%) and alcohol abuse or dependence (4.5%). Twenty-eight percent of adults with a severe or moderately severe disorder received treatment compared to 24.4% of mild cases. Some 13.8% of persons with no disorder received treatment. Treatment was mostly provided by the general medical sector with few people receiving treatment from mental health providers.ConclusionsPsychiatric disorders are much higher in South Africa than in Nigeria and there is a high level of unmet need among persons with severe and moderately severe disorders.