bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on adjuvant‐induced polyarthritis in rats. I. Adjuvant composition, route of injection, and removal of depot site
Authors: Ward John R. , Jones Russell S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe composition and quantity of Freund‐type adjuvant injected, the route of injection, and reaction at the depot site were studied for their roles in producing polyarthritis in rats. The intra‐dermal injection of Myobacterium butyricum in oil induced arthritis with much higher frequency than the subcutaneous or intravenous route. The minimal effective intradermal dose was 0.06 mg. M. butyricum in 0.02 ml. oil; 0.6 mg. mycobacteria in 0.1 ml. oil was required to produce polyarthritis in 100 per cent of rats. Wax fractions of mycobacteria did not induce arthritis. Neither a depot of adjuvant nor inflammation at the injection site was important as polyarthritis developed, even though amputation of the tail to remove the depot of injected adjuvant was performed within 2 hours after injection. While the mechanism of adjuvant‐induced polyarthritis remains unknown, the joint disease appeared dependent upon specific sites of dissemination of the adjuvant.
Anti‐inflammatory and antipyretic properties of N‐(α,α,α‐Trifluoro‐m‐tolyl) anthranilic acid (CI‐440; flufenamic acid)
Authors: Winder Claude V. , Wax Jaan , Serrano Benita , Jones Eldon M. , McPhee Mary Lou 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFlufenamic acid is more potent than phenylbutazone as an anti‐inflammatory agent in guinea pigs (ultraviolet erythema) and rats (granulation on subcutaneous cotton pellets), without evidence of adrenal dependence or corticoid hormonal effects. Its antipyretic potency in rats approximates that of phenylbutazone. Like phenylbutazone and unlike aminopyrine, it had no antinociceptive effect in rat tail‐pinching experiments. In ordinary concentrations as the sodium salt, it is a tissue irritant in rodents. Supratherapeutic oral doses were well tolerated.
Appearance of anticoagulant factors and certain “Autoimmune” antibodies following antigenic stimulation with blood group substances in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zingale Salvador B. , Avalos Julio C. Sánchez , Andrada Juan A. , Stringa Sergio G. , Manni Jorge A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody response to injected isologous blood group substances was measured in 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) and compared with that of a matched control group. S.L.E. patients responded with higher titers of specific antibodies than did the control group. In addition, the appearance of anticoagulant factors, anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies, anti‐kidney antibodies and false positive serologic tests for syphilis was observed after stimulation. The findings seem to support the view that S.L.E. is associated with an abnormal antibody‐forming system.
The clinical course of kashin‐beck disease
Authors: Nesterov A. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKashin‐Beck or Urov disease is described with authority by an astute scholar and clinician, Prof. Nesterov, Director of the Institute for Rheumatism and member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR in Moscow. The disease is a chronic, disabling, degenerative, generalized osteoarthrosis involving peripheral (symmetrical) joints and spine un‐associated with systemic or visceral manifestations. It occurs principally in childhood and results in growth disturbances. It is endemic in Eastern Siberia, Northern China and Northern Korea and is believed to be due to ingestion of cereal grain grown in these areas and infected with the fungus, Fusaria sporotrichiella. The incidence has been considerably reduced and hopefully will soon be eradicated by importing cereals from unaffected areas. This is a classic example of a generalized degenerative joint disease due to environmental causes, unrelated to genetic factors or inborn errors of metabolism.
Hemochromatosis and arthritis
Authors: Schumacher H. Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients with hemochromatosis and what appears to be a distinctive arthritis are presented. Both showed prominent involvement of the hands, minimal evidence of inflammation, significant x‐ray changes and synovial hemosiderin deposition. Five other cases of a similar arthritis were found in a review of 23 cases of idiopathic hemochromatosis. The arthritis is postulated to be the result of iron excess damaging articular tissue in a yet undefined manner.
Rheumatoid arthritis, baker's cyst, and “thrombophlebitis”
Authors: Good Armin E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom a small series of patients hospitalized with rheumatoid arthritis, six cases are presented in which Baker's cysts were associated with pain and swelling of the calf, initially erroneously diagnosed as thrombophlebitis. The pathogenesis of these calf symptoms is reviewed.
Antinuclear factor in systemic lupus erythematosus. A consideration of the immunofluorescent method of detecting antinuclear antibodies, with results obtained in a family study
Authors: Holborow John , Johnson Gerald D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunofluorescent technique used for demonstrating antinuclear factor is discussed and the possible influence of differences in method on A.N.F. findings in family studies already reported is considered. The incidence of serum antinuclear factor in first degree relatives of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus was higher than in matched population controls; the difference was a small but a significant one.
Meningococcal arthritis
Authors: Pinals Robert S. , Ropes Marian W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of arthritis with acute meningococcal infection is reviewed and eleven cases presented. The arthritis is usually oligoarticular, often appears when the systemic or meningeal infection is improving, may give rise to persistent purulent but sterile and relatively painless joint effusions, is not greatly influenced by antibacterial therapy and seldom results in permanent joint damage.
Inflammatory reaction after intrasynovial injection of microcrystalline adrenocorticosteroid esters
Authors: McCarty Daniel J. , Hogan Joseph M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInjection of commercially available microcrystalline adrenocorticosteroid esters into normal canine joints was ac‐companied by a leukocyte‐rich exudative response, roughly proportional to the dose injected. No tenderness or evidence of pain was noted. Injection of these preparations into normal human joints often induced similar reactions which were sometimes painful. The response varied with the preparation employed and in the case of hydrocortisone acetate, with the manufacturer of the drug. The possible injurious effects of this relatively painless inflammatory response are discussed.
Role of the finger flexors in rheumatoid deformities of the metacarpophalangeal joints
Authors: Smith Edwin M. , Juvinall Robert C. , Bender Leonard F. , Pearson J. Raymond 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is proposed that rheumatoid deformity of the central three metacarpophalangeal joints is caused primarily by the flexor tendons acting on diseased joint restraints. During pinch and grasp the tendons bend volarly and ulnarly at the tunnel mouth; the resultant pulley forces damage the supporting collateral ligaments, especially on the radial side. The flexor tendons and proximal phalanges can then displace volarly and ulnarly, and the fingers deviate ulnarly. In the fifth digit, ulnar deviation apparently results from the incompletely opposed pull of the abductor digiti quinti.
Study of rheumatoid factor in a normal population
Authors: Waller Marion , Toone Elam C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive thousand four hundred and sixty‐one normal individuals were tested for rheumatoid factor. The latex slide test was positive in 4.1 per cent SHC in 2.4 per cent and SSC in 0.18 per cent. There was no positive correlation of presence of rheumatoid factor and race or sex, but all tests increased in positivity with age. Physical examinations of individuals with at least one test positive for rheumatoid factor showed 5.4 percent had possible or definite rheumatoid arthritis.
The literature analysis project of the American Rheumatism Association
Authors: Ruhl Mary Jane , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Literature Analysis Project of the American Rheumatism Association has taken three steps to improve the dissemination and retrieval of information on rheumatic diseases. (1) The domain of rheumatology and the limits to which basic research literature should be included in its bibliographic services were delineated by a questionnaire survey. (2) A novel Thesaurus of Rheumtology was prepared to improve the indexing of publications and to codify the vocabulary. (3) A computer‐driven, semimonthly bibliography of current publications, the Index of Rheumatology, was developed with the cooperation of the National Library of Medicine. This bibliography is anticipated to yield approximately 6000 indexed citations per year. The proportions of relevant papers missed in the 2299 periodicals covered and the irrelevant ones included are estimated to be below 20 and 10 per cent of the total respectively.
Tryptophan metabolism in rheumatic disease
Authors: Pinals Robert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive tryptophan metabolites were measured in the urine after an oral tryptophan load in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, systemic lupus and a variety of other diseases. An excessive excretion of kynurenine and 3‐hydroxykynurenine was a common but nonspecific occurrence in rheumatic disease. The excretion did not correlate well with various clinical parameters. Inhibition of pyridoxal‐dependent hepatic enzymes may be the cause of the abnormality but the mechanism is unknown.
The proteins of synovial fluid: A study of the α1/α2 globulin ratio
Authors: Binette J. P. , Schmid K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal, postmortem, traumatic and rheumatoid synovial fluids were studied by paper electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation and starch gel electrophoresis. It could be demonstrated that the change in the α1/α2 globulin ratio, particularly prominent in normal and postmortem synovial fluids as compared with normal serum, is a consequence of the greatly increased relative concentration of α1‐acid glycoprotein and a significant decrease in the relative concentration of the haptoglobins and the 19S α2‐macroglobulin.
Antibody to ribosomes in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sturgill Benjamin C. , Carpenter Robert R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody to ribosomes have been demonstrated in the sera of several patients with SLE. The specificity of the reaction appears to be related, at least in part, to soluble RNA. This reactivity appears to occur almost exclusively in the serum of patients with SLE.
Ulnar nerve entrapment in rheumatoid arthritis: A case report
Authors: Deandrade John R. , Casagrande Peter A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe case history of a patient with classical rheumatoid arthritis is presented. Proliferating granulation tissue at the elbow had entrapped and displaced the ulnar nerve. This was corrected surgically with almost complete restoration of nerve function. Neurological involvement in rheumatoid arthritis is briefly reviewed.
A Seven‐Day variability study of 499 patients with peripheral rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mainland D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt eleven clinics uniform methods of measuring disease activity (duration of morning stiffness, grip strength, number of active joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) produced two sets of tables: (1) interpatient single‐examination differences (499 patients); (2) changes in one week (411 patients with unchanged therapy). The second set of tables provides inter alia standards for screening new drugs and a method of correcting for initial disease severity in controlled trials.
Histologic observations and biochemical composition of rachitic cartilage with special reference to mucopolysaccharides
Authors: Howell David S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCostal tissues were analyzed biochemically in respect to a profile of sulfated mucopolysaccharides from normal and rachitic calves which provided large samples of anatomically identifiable regions for biochemical analysis. Histologic distribution of these compounds was obtained through the use of x‐ray elemental analysis for sulfur. Distinctive differences between polysaccharide content of normal and rachitic tissues were found and calcification in vitro of the rachitic cartilage was demonstrated.
Isolation and characterization of mycoplasmas (PPLO) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and reiter's syndrome
Authors: Bartholomew Lee E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing tissue culture methods, mycoplasmas (PPLO) were isolated from synovial fluid, bone marrow, kidney, or serum of 14 of 17 patients with either rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Reiter's syndrome. Sensitivity to various antibiotics and the ability to ferment glucose varied, but all strains were sensitive to tetracycline, and hemolysed sheep cells. Antigenic relationships, studied by complement fixation and growth inhibition, revealed minor differences among the strains, except one which appeared culturally and antigenically distinct. Growth inhibition against several recognized human mycoplasmas was demonstrated.
The occurrence of rheumatoid factor in association with antibody response to influenza A2 (Asian) virus
Authors: Svec Kathryn H. , Dingle John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnalysis of sera from persons exposed to the 1957 Asian influenza epidemic demonstrated the appearance of rheumatoid factor in 14.8 per cent of 27 post‐epidemic sera showing viral antibody response and in only 1.3 per cent of 79 corresponding sera which did not show viral antibody response. The factor was associated with either clinical infection or vaccination. Rheumatoid factor activity was demonstrated in both the latex FII agglutination and sensitized sheep cell tests and was abolished by mercaptoethanol treatment.
Pathology of gout
Authors: Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNo attempt will be made here to present a comprehensive survey of the pathology of gout; interested readers are referred to a systematic review of the morbid anatomy published elsewhere in 1957.1 From the anatomic findings, four problems in the pathogenesis of gout suggest themselves. These will be restated and such advances as have taken place relative to them in the past seven years will be summarized.
Antibodies in the sicca syndrome (sjögren's syndrome)
Authors: Denko Charles W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from eight patients with sicca syndrome were studied to find antibodies to salivary gland tissue and other organs. Abnormalities in serum proteins in electrophoresis were compatible with those usually reported in connective tissue disorders. Multiple antibodies, including salivary gland, were demonstrated in only two patients who also had high titers of rheumatoid factor. Two other patients had negative latex agglutination tests. Most of the group had no tissue antibodies.
Gouty involvement of the larynx report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Lefkovits Aaron M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 65 year old male had episodes of joint redness, swelling, and pain since 1942. Gout was diagnosed in 1955. Intermittently for many years he had episodes of dryness of the mouth, and, since 1963, mild hoarseness and sore throat. Laryngoscopy revealed a whitish spur just beneath the right vocal cord near the cricothyroid joint. The spur was excised; material obtained from it revealed birefringent urate crystals, and histologic examination confirmed it to be a gouty tophus.
Studies of incomplete antibodies. II. Interactions with rheumatoid factors and complement
Authors: Aho Kimmo , Christian Charles L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNonagglutinating human (anti‐Rh) and rabbit (anti‐G and anti‐g) iso‐antibodies and agglutinating rabbit and hamster γG antibodies against sheep erythrocytes were tested for rheumatoid factor reactivity and for complement‐fixation using papain‐treated and nontreated cells. Although the papain treatment increased the agglutination of the erythrocytes by the antibodies, no change was observed in the complement‐fixing properties. The minimum amount of rabbit γG antibody on the cell surface required for the RF reactivity was the same with papain‐treated and non‐treated cells and of the same magnitude in three serological systems (rabbit incomplete anti‐G and anti‐g and rabbit antisheep cell). This amount of sensitizing antibody was 1/8–1/16 of the amount required for complement‐fixation and for agglutination by a type of RF reactivity that could not be inhibited by native rabbit γG globulin.
Suppression of metabolic accompaniments of phagocytosis by colchicine
Authors: Goldfinger Stephen E. , Howell R. Rodney , Seegmiller J. Edwin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of colchicine on in vitro metabolism of human leukocytes exposed to sodium urate microcrystals was studied. When these cells were preincubated with colchicine at a concentration as low as 2 × 10−6M, suppression of phagocytosis occurred as indicated by: diminution of C14O2 evolution from glucose‐1‐C14, from sodium urate‐6‐C14, and by direct examination of engulfed crystals. The beneficial effect of colchicine on gouty inflammation may result from a suppressive effect on leukocyte function, reducing their ability to perform phagocytosis.
Inhibition of monosodium urate needle crystal growth
Authors: Allen Donald J. , Milosovich George , Mattocks Albert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study of the growth of needle crystals of monosodium urate was undertaken with the aim of finding inhibitors which might be able to prevent the acute gout attack. Rates of crystal growth at various levels of supersaturation are described. Two potent crystal growth inhibitors, Bismarck brown and methylene blue, were found. They are shown to be adsorbed onto monosodium urate. THAM was found to accelerate needle crystal growth.
Correction of thiazide hyperuricemia by potassium chloride and ammonium chloride
Authors: Zweifler Andrew J. , Thompson George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLarge doses of KCl lowered serum uric acid while producing mild, apparently unrelated, uricosuria in four chlorothiazide‐treated subjects. In two control subjects KCl also caused mild uricosuria, but had a negligible effect on serum uric acid concentration. Ammonium chloride decreased serum urate in all six subjects, while urinary uric acid excretion remained essentially unchanged. It is suggested that these changes in serum uric acid are secondary to redistribution of urate among body compartments.
Rheumatoid Vasculitis—Report of a Second Case Treated with Penicillamine
Authors: Jaffe Israeli A. , Smith Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man with rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis is presented. His disease was characterized by neuropathy, episcleritis, gangrene, and a high serum titer of rheumatoid factor. His progressively deteriorating clinical course appeared to have been favorably influenced by penicillamine therapy, which also resulted in a marked fall in RF titer. He is now in his fourth year of remission, and is taking only this drug. He is the second patient with malignant rheumatoid disease to have shown a satisfactory response to penicillamine therapy.
A comparative evaluation of indomethacin, acetaminophen and placebo as antipyretic agents in children
Authors: Brewer Earl T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and twenty‐three infants and children with rectal temperatures greater than 101° due to diseases commonly encountered in pediatric practice, were given indomethacin suspension, indomethacin placebo or acetaminophen elixir in a random coded manner according to prescribed dosage schedules. The mean temperature reduction in those groups treated with indomethacin and acetaminophen was statistically significantly better than placebo, and a significant difference in temperature reduction was found between indomethacin and acetaminophen with indomethacin being superior.
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Authors: Ahlbäck Sven , Bauer Göran C. H. , Bohne Walther H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA radiolucent lesion in the medial femoral condyle was observed in 40 knees in 39 patients over age 60. Most patients had had spontaneous onset of severe knee pain. Twelve knees were radiographically normal within 2 months following onset of pain. Seven knees proceeded to osteoarthritis whereas others became rather asymptomatic. Strontium‐85 scintimetry of symptomatic knees showed exceedingly high values. Biopsy showed evidence of repair of bone tissue. The condition was identified as osteonecrosis, the natural history and management of which were discussed. Only 2 patients had a history of systemic adrenocorticosteroid treatment; no other conditions commonly associated with osteonecrosis were identified.
The arthritis of sarcoidosis
Authors: Spilberg Isaias , Siltzbach Louis E. , McEwen Currier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighty‐two patients with sarcoidosis were studied. Arthritis was found in 10 of 64 unselected patients with proved sarcoidosis (15.6 per cent). Clinical analysis of 28 additional patients with the arthritis of sarcoidosis showed two types of arthritis: (1) An acute, transient type which was often associated with the clinical onset of the disease. A chest radiograph usually disclosed enlarged hilar nodes. This type was most common and tended to disappear without residua. (2) A persistent or chronic form which appeared either early or late in the course of the disease, and sometimes led to joint destruction. Radiographs of the affected joints often failed to show abnormalities. Erythema nodosum may or may not be present. Hyperuricemia was found in 20.4 per cent, rheumatoid factor in about 10 per cent, and antinuclear antibodies in 5 per cent of patients with sarcoidosis.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. III. Possible release of a chemotactic substance after phagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Authors: Phelps Paulding 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanism whereby polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) are attracted to the site of inflammation in gout is not known. Studies were performed, using a modification of the Boyden chamber technic, to determine whether phagocytosis of monosodium urate crystals by PMN's would result in release of a substance chemotactic for other PMN's. The supernatant from a PMN‐crystal suspension, in both a plasma and a plasma‐free solution containing albumin, was found to be chemotactic for PMN's.
Bone marrow as source of cells in reactions of cellular hypersensitivity. III. Adjuvant arthritis in the rat
Authors: Putnam Deborah A. , Lubaroff David M. , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult Lewis rats were thymectomized, irradiated (900 r), and given bone marrow cells from normal (BN × Lewis) F1 donors. Passive transfer of adjuvant arthritis was carried out with lymph node cells of Lewis donors sensitized 9 days earlier. The recipients showed clinical arthritis starting at 3‐8 days and were sacrificed at 9‐13 days. Live cell suspensions from affected joints and lymphoid tissues were assayed for F1 marrow‐derived cells by an indirect fluorescence technic. The results suggest that a majority of cells in the joint lesions of adjuvant arthritis are hematogenous and derived from bone marrow precursors.