bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low risk of sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus to spouses of infected hemodialysis patients
Authors: Fadil‐Romão Maria Aparecida , Pomar Luciana Navarro , Romão João Egidio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackgroundSexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of sexual transmission of HCV among hemodialysis patients and their partners.MethodsWe investigated intrafamilial spread of HCV between 53 married hemodialysis patients reporting stable monogamous sexual activity and their partners, using an epidemiological questionnaire on risk factors for HCV, a third‐generation ELISA to determine anti‐HCV status, and a PCR test to detect HCV RNA. An additional 84 single patients with no reported regular sexual activity were considered the control group.ResultsOf the 53 married patients, 16 (30.2%) were anti‐HCV positive (all HCV‐RNA positive), and 37 were anti‐HCV negative (all HCV‐RNA negative). There were no statistically significant differences between anti‐HCV‐positive and anti‐HCV‐negative married patients in mean age, gender, blood transfusion, and mean time on dialysis. None of the husbands or wives of the 16 anti‐HCV‐positive hemodialysis patients had antibodies to HCV. Similarly, of the 37 partners of anti‐HCV‐negative patients, none was anti‐HCV positive.ConclusionOur data suggest a very low risk of heterosexual transmission of HCV between hemodialysis patients and their partners.
Performance comparison of optical modulation formats for 40 Gbit/s systems from the viewpoint of frequency utilization efficiency and tolerance for fiber nonlinearities
Authors: Norimatsu Seiji , Ito Kenichi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn wavelength division multiplex (WDM) systems for long distance and large capacity, it is desirable that the modulation format be tolerant to degradation by nonlinear effects and achieve high frequency utilization efficiency. This paper compares modulation formats by numerical calculation from the viewpoints of frequency utilization efficiency and tolerance for fiber nonlinearities. It is shown that duobinary, RZ‐DQPSK (0.5) and CSRZ‐DQPSK achieve high transmission performance in DWDM (dense WDM). It is also shown that NRZ‐DBPSK, RZ‐DBPSK (0.5), and CSRZ‐DQPSK achieve high transmission performance in CWDM (coarse WDM). Before concluding, various methods of bit‐error rate calculation are compared and discussed, aiming at the correct evaluation of the bit‐error rate. The application of theQmethod to the differential quadrature phase‐shift keying format is shown to be feasible. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(8): 50–64, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20236
Development and experimental study of a network‐based RTK‐GPS positioning system using a satellite communication line
Authors: Namie Hiromune , Okamoto Osamu , Fan Chunming , Tanaka Shinji , Yasuda Akio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe geostationary satellite system will be able to disseminate data to a wider area and a greater number of users simultaneously. The authors tested the network‐based RTK‐GPS positioning using the area correction parameter (FKP) via the geostationary satellite‐based communication line. They investigated network‐based RTK‐GPS positioning at several fixed points located inside the GPS reference station network area. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(9): 1–9, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20298
An Analogous Solution‐Liquid‐Solid (ASLS) Growth Route to InP Hollow Spheres and a Honeycomb‐Like Macroporous Framework
Authors: Zheng Xiuwen , Liu Changzeng , Xie Yi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHollow spheres and a honeycomb‐like macroporous framework structure of InP have been successfully fabricated by employing Au/In core/shell composite colloid droplets formed in situ as the template and catalyst for a simple analogous solution‐liquid‐solid (ASLS) growth route. SEM images show that the morphology of the obtained InP is mostly micrometer‐scale hollow spheres (>80 %) accreted with honeycomb‐like structures (<5 %). These hollow spheres have well‐defined voids and homogeneous walls, and the surface of the obtained InP hollow spheres is porous, which indicates that the building blocks are InP nanoparticles formed by solidification on the surface of Au/In core/shell droplets. A possible growth mechanism for the micrometer hollow spheres and honeycomb‐like macroporous framework is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis, Characterisation and Molecular Hyperpolarisabilities of Pseudo‐Octahedral Hydrido(nitrile)iron(II) Complexes for Nonlinear Optics: X‐ray Structure of [Fe(H)(dppe)2(4‐NCC6H4NO2)][PF6]·CH2Cl2
Authors: Robalo Maria Paula , Teixeira António P. S. , Garcia Maria Helena , Minas da Piedade M. Fátima , Duarte M. Teresa , Dias Alberto Romão , Campo Jochen , Wenseleers Wim , Goovaerts Etienne 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA series of ionic pseudo‐octahedral trans‐hydrido(nitrile)iron(II) complexes with the general formula [Fe(H)(dppe)2(4‐NCR)][PF6] [dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane; R = acceptor‐substituted conjugated ligand] have been synthesised by chloride abstraction from the starting compound trans‐[FeHCl(dppe)2] and fully characterised. First hyperpolarisabilities (β) have been determined by hyper‐Rayleigh scattering (HRS) at the fundamental wavelength of 1072 nm and the high near‐resonant values obtained (up to 1130 × 10–30 esu) are interpreted in terms of the two‐level model (TLM) and are correlated with IR and NMR spectroscopic data. Wavelength‐dependent HRS has been performed in the 1072–1580 nm range for two of the compounds, namely [Fe(H)(dppe)2{4‐NC(CH)(CH)C6H4NO2}][PF6] and [Fe(H)(dppe)2{4‐NCC6H4(CH)(CH)C6H4NO2}][PF6]. These results clearly show the two‐photon resonance but also the shortcomings of the TLM when it comes to deriving reliable static β values. A structural study of the compound [Fe(H)(dppe)2(4‐NCC6H4NO2)][PF6] by X‐ray diffraction shows that it crystallises in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space groupP21/n, with four molecules in the unit cell and a pairwise antiparallel alignment of the dipoles. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Mesoporous Aluminium Organophosphonates Functionalized with ChiralL‐Proline Groups in the Pore
Authors: Shi Xin , Yang Jie , Yang Qihua 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMesoporous aluminium organophosphonates with chiral L‐proline groups in the pore were synthesized for the first time through surfactant‐assisted one‐pot co‐condensation of Al(OsBu)3 with a mixture of 1‐phosphonomethylproline (S)‐H2PO3CH2NC4H7COOH (H3PMP) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) [H3PMP/(H3PMP + H3PO4) = 50, 75, 100 mol‐%] under basic conditions in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Tetranuclear Complexes Containing a Luminescent Ru2M2 Core [M = CuI, (allyl)PdII]: Synthesis, Structures and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Walther Dirk , Böttcher Lars , Blumhoff Jörg , Schebesta Sebastian , Görls Helmar , Schmuck Katrin , Rau Sven , Rudolph Manfred 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe reaction between [(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbiH2)](PF6)2 (tbbpy = 4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine; tmbiH2 = 5,5′,6,6′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′‐dibenzimidazole) and LiMe/CuI affords the tetranuclear complex 1 containing the dication [{(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbi)}2Cu2]2+. The X‐ray structure of 1 shows that the two [(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbi)] units coordinate the two Cu atoms in a twofold monodentate manner. Each copper atom is surrounded by two N‐donor atoms of different ruthenium(II) units with N–Cu–N angles of 167.3°. The Cu···Cu separation (2.72 Å) indicates intranuclear contacts. LiMe/[(allyl)PdCl]2 reacts with the starting Ru complex to form 2, which contains the tetranuclear dication [{(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbi)}2{Pd(η3‐allyl)}2]2+. Its crystal structure shows that the RuII units act as twofold monodentate ligands as well. Each PdII is in an essentially planar coordination environment containing two nitrogen atoms of two different dibenzimidazolates in the cis position with the η3‐bonded allyl group occupying the two remaining positions. In contrast to 1, where the Ru–Cu–Cu–Ru unit forms an essentially planar structure, a strongly bent structure is formed in compound 2. ESI mass spectra of 1 and 2 clearly show that the tetranuclear complexes are present in solution as well. Both complexes are luminescent. In addition, 2 catalyses the Heck coupling at 120 °C in N,N‐dimethylacetamide. In contrast to 1 and 2, the homodinuclear complex [(tbbpy)2Ru(tmbi)Ru(tbbpy)2] (3) contains the dibenzimidazolate as a twofold chelating ligand that forms two five‐membered chelate rings with the Ru centres. Electrochemical measurements of 2 show two reversible, one‐electron oxidation steps, the difference between which (ΔE = 89 mV) is distinctly larger than the pure entropic effect. Furthermore, four reduction steps are observed, the first two of which are fully reversible. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Hypersilylphosphanylidene: A Facile Low‐Temperature Generation and Formation of Bis(hypersilyl)diphosphene and the Bis(hypersilyl)triphosphaallyl Anion
Authors: Cappello Vittorio , Baumgartner Judith , Dransfeld Alk , Flock Michaela , Hassler Karl 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe reaction of hypersilyl(trimethylsilyl)chlorophosphane (SiMe3)3SiP(SiMe3)Cl (1) with tBuOK in THF at –60 °C proceeds by Si–P bond cleavage of the trimethylsilyl group and formation of tBuOSiMe3/KCl and bis(hypersilyl)phosphanylidene. The phosphanylidene dimerizes to form bis(hypersilyl)diphosphene (2) in excellent yields (≥95%). X‐ray diffraction experiments reveal the simultaneous presence of two rotamers in the solid state that differ in their SiSiPP torsion angles. Ab initio calculations for the parent diphosphene (SiH3)3SiP=PSi(SiH3)3 at the DFT/6‐31+G(d) level predict an energy difference of 2.3 kJ mol–1. A cis arrangement of the two Si(SiH3)3 groups raises the energy by about 45 kJ mol–1. In the UV/Vis spectrum the n → π* excitation is observed at 622 nm, which is in excellent agreement with the ab initio results. In the Raman spectrum, the P=P stretching vibration is easily identified as a strong line at 591 cm–1. When a solution of 1 in THF is added to a solution of KOtBu inTHF, maintaining an excess of KOtBu during the reaction, the deep‐violet bis(hypersilyl)triphosphenide anion [HypPPPHyp]– (4) forms in excellent yields. This anion is also formed when 2 is treated with KOtBu. Compound 2 can be derivatized with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene to give a cyclic diphosphane 5 by [4+2] addition. When a solution of 2 in toluene is heated to 110 °C for 4 h, bis(hypersilyl)cyclotriphosphane (Hyp2P3H, 6) is formed, besides some HypPH2 as a by‐product. As an aid for the interpretation of 31P NMR spectra, equilibrium structures and phosphorus chemical shifts have been calculated at the DFT and MP2 level for a large number of molecules with phosphorus‐containing backbones, which are closely related to those described in the present work. Calculations for disilyldiphosphenes reveal a close correlation between PPSi bond angles and 31P NMR chemical shifts, which is useful for predicting NMR spectra. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A Hydrothermal Reduction Route to Single‐Crystalline Hexagonal Cobalt Nanowires
Authors: Xie By‐Qin , Qian Yitai , Zhang Shuyuan , Fu Shenquan , Yu Weichao 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHexagonal close‐packed (hcp) cobalt nanowires with diameters of 150–300 nm and lengths of up to several hundreds of micrometers have been synthesized by a hydrothermal reduction method. These cobalt nanowires were generated by the reduction of cobalt(II) citrate complexes by hypophosphite (H2PO2–) in basic solution at 160 °C. High‐resolution TEM and SAED reveal that the as‐prepared Co nanowires have a single‐crystalline structure with a [001] growth direction. The room‐temperature hysteresis loop of these nanowires shows a ferromagnetic behavior with enhanced coercivity. A formation mechanism for these Co nanowires is proposed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Catalytic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Procedure for Determination of Total Chromium in Environmental Materials
Authors: Grabarczyk Małgorzata , Tyszczuk Katarzyna , Korolczuk Mieczyslaw 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA sensitive catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure for determination of traces of total chromium in environmental samples is reported. The method is based on the preconcentration of a Cr(III)H2DTPA complex by adsorption at the HMDE from an acetate buffer solution at the potential −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Total chromium was determined as Cr(III) after reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by NaHSO3. In order to stabilize the signal of Cr(III) the measurements were performed at 5 °C. The calibration graph for chromium for an accumulation time of 60 s was linear in the range from 5×10−10 to 5×10−8 mol L−1. The relative standard deviation for a chromium concentration of 1×10−8 mol L−1 was 3.9% (n=5). The detection limit for accumulation time of 60 s was about 8×10−11 mol L−1. The validation of the procedure was performed by the analysis of the certified reference materials.
A Homogenous Assay of FAD Using a Binding Between Apo‐Glucose Oxidase and FAD Labeled with an Electroactive Compound
Authors: Sugawara Kazuharu , Kamiya Naoto , Hirabayashi George , Kuramitz Hideki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA homogenous assay of FAD using a binding between glucose oxidase (apo‐GOD) and FAD labeled with an electroactive compound was developed. Because daunomycin is sensitively detected with voltammetry, daunomycin was connected to FAD with a cross‐linker. The peak current decreased due to the apo‐GOD‐labeled FAD binding. Competitive reaction to the apo‐GOD between FAD and the labeled FAD produces the increase of peak current. Accordingly, FAD is detected on the basis of the reaction. The merit of this method is that the influence from FMN and riboflavin in the measurement of FAD can be suppressed by the high selective binding.
Increased expression and phosphorylation of liver glutamine synthetase in well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissues from patients infected with hepatitis C virus
Authors: Kuramitsu Yasuhiro , Harada Toshio , Takashima Motonari , Yokoyama Yuuichirou , Hidaka Isao , Iizuka Norio , Toda Tosifusa , Fujimoto Masanori , Zhang Xiulian , Sakaida Isao , Okita Kiwamu , Oka Masaaki , Nakamura Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common fatal cancers, and chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is thought to be one of the main causes in Japan. To identify diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for HCC associated with HCV (HCV‐HCC), we tried to elucidate the factors related to the products from cancerous tissues of HCV‐infected patients. From proteomic differential display analysis of liver tissue samples from HCV‐HCC cancerous tissues and corresponding non‐cancerous tissues from patients, three protein spots of the same molecular mass (42 kDa), whose expression increased in well‐differentiated cancerous tissues, were detected. Although their pI were different, they were identified as glutamine synthetase (GS) by PMF with MALDI‐TOF MS and by Western blotting using anti‐GS specific mAb. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that tumor tissue consists of two parts, GS‐positive cell and GS‐negative cell regions, suggesting that GS‐producing cells grew in the tumor tissue as a nodule in nodules. The tryptic peptides of the most acidic GS isoform lost the signal of 899.5 Da, corresponding a peptide of SASIRIPR, and gained a signal of 1059.5 Da, which was submitted to PSD analysis. PSD analysis showed the neutral loss by elimination of two phosphate groups, supposed to be on serine residues of the 899.5‐Da peptide, from serine 320 to arginine 327 in GS. PMF followed by PSD analysis is thought to be useful for the determination of phosphorylation sites of proteins showing molecular heterogeneity.
Protein expression dynamics during replicative senescence of endothelial cells studied by 2‐D difference in‐gel electrophoresis
Authors: Eman Michael R. , Regan‐Klapisz Elsa , Pinkse Martijn W. H. , Koop Inge M. , Haverkamp Johan , Heck Albert J. R. , Verkleij Arie J. , Post Jan A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEndothelial senescence contributes to endothelium dysfunctionality and is thereby linked to vascular aging. A dynamic proteomic study on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, isolated from three umbilical cords, was performed. The cells were cultured towards replicative senescence and whole cell lysates were subjected to 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE). Despite the biological variability of the three independent isolations, a set of proteins was found that showed senescence‐dependent expression patterns in all isolations. We focused on those proteins that showed significant changes, with a paired analysis of variance (RM‐ANOVA) p‐value of ≤0.05. Thirty‐five proteins were identified with LC‐Fourier transform MS, and functional annotation revealed that endothelial replicative senescence is accompanied by increased cellular stress, protein biosynthesis and reduction in DNA repair and maintenance. Nuclear integrity becomes affected and cytoskeletal structure is also changed. Such important changes in the cell infrastructure might accelerate endothelium dysfunctionality. This study provides biological information that will initiate studies to further unravel endothelial senescence and gain more knowledge about the consequences of this process in the in vivo situation.
Microscale analysis of proteins in inner ear tissues and fluids with emphasis on endolymphatic sac, otoconia, and organ of Corti
Authors: Thalmann Isolde , Hughes Inna , Tong Benton D. , Ornitz David M. , Thalmann Ruediger 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHere we describe preparatory techniques adapted for the study of proteins of inner ear tissues and fluids that have allowed us to apply state‐of‐the‐art analytical techniques in spite of the minute size and anatomical complexities of this organ. Illustrative examples address unresolved issues of functional and clinical significance. First, we demonstrate how quick‐freezing and freeze drying prevents artifacts that arise from sampling endolymphatic sac (ES) content in the liquid state. This set the stage for the generation of the first protein profile of the ES. Identification of crucial proteins will help elucidate mechanisms of endolymph volume regulation and pathogenesis of Meniere's disease. Second, we show how a unique situation allowed identification of otoconial proteins by mass spectrometric analysis without prior separation and we discuss possible roles for these minor otoconins in otoconial development and prevention of degenerative diseases that affect balance. Finally, we demonstrate techniques for the precise dissection of organ of Corti and its substructures, while preserving their near normal chemical state. We extended an earlier study in which we identified a novel calcium‐binding protein by IEF, oncomodulin, localized in the outer hair cells and show here the applicability of prefractionation for the screening of calcium‐binding proteins of organ of Corti. These studies demonstrate how advanced preparatory and analytical techniques can be applied to studies of the inner ear.
Effect of organic cosolvents on the free solution mobility of curved and normal DNA molecules
Authors: Lu Yongjun , Stellwagen Earle , Stellwagen Nancy C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe free solution mobilities of curved and normal 199‐bp DNA fragments have been measured in buffer solutions containing various quantities of the organic cosolvents methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol, 2‐methyl‐2,4‐pentanediol (MPD), ethylene glycol, and ACN, using CE. The curved fragment, taken from the VP1 gene of SV40, contains five unevenly spaced A‐ and T‐tracts in a centrally located “curvature module”; the A‐ and T‐tracts have been mutated to other sequences in the normal 199‐bp fragment. The free solution mobility of the curved 199‐bp fragment is significantly lower than that of its normal counterpart in aqueous solutions [Stellwagen, E., Lu, Y. J., Stellwagen, N. C., Nucleic Acids Res. 2005, 33, 4425–4432]. The mobilities of both the curved and normal fragments decrease with increasing cosolvent concentration, due to the effect of the cosolvent on the viscosity and dielectric constant of the solution. The mobility differences between the curved and normal 199‐bp fragments and the mobility ratios decrease approximately linearly with the increasing mole fraction of cosolvent in the solution. Hence, MPD and other organic cosolvents affect DNA electrophoretic mobility by a common mechanism, most likely the preferential hydration of the DNA surface that occurs in aqueous cosolvents. The gradual loss of the anomalously slow mobility of the curved 199‐bp fragment with increasing cosolvent concentration, combined with other data in the literature, suggests that preferential hydration gradually widens the narrow A‐tract minor groove, releasing site‐bound counterions in the minor groove and shifting the conformation toward that of normal DNA.
Seasonal changes in ground‐penetrating radar signature observed at a polythermal glacier, Bylot Island, Canada
Authors: Irvine‐Fynn T. D. L. , Moorman B. J. , Williams J. L. M. , Walter F. S. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn recent years, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been increasingly used for characterization of subglacial and englacial environments at polythermal glaciers. The geophysical method is able to exploit the dielectric difference between water, air, sediment and ice, allowing delineation of subsurface hydrological, thermal and structural conditions. More recent GPR research has endeavoured to examine temporal change in glaciers, in particular the distribution of the cold ice zone at polythermal glaciers. However, the exact nature of temporal change that can be identified using GPR has not been fully examined. This research presents the results of three GPR surveys conducted over the course of a summer ablation season at a polythermal glacier in the Canadian Arctic. A total of approximately 30 km of GPR profiles were collected in 2002 repeatedly covering the lower 2 km of Stagnation Glacier, Bylot Island (72°58′ N 78°22′ W). Comparison between profiles indicated changes in the radar signature, including increased noise, appearance and disappearance of englacial reflections, and signal attenuation in the latter survey. Further, an area of chaotic returns in up‐glacier locations, which was interpreted to be a wet temperate ice zone, showed marked recession over the course of the ablation season. Combining all the temporal changes that were detected by GPR, results indicate that a polythermal glacier may exhibit strongly seasonal changes in hydrological and thermal characteristics throughout the ice body, including the drainage of 17 000 m3 of temporarily stored intra‐glacial meltwater. It is also proposed that the liquid water content in the temperate ice zone of polythermal glaciers can be described as a fraction of a specific retention capacity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of undecamethylated and hexamethylated 1‐halocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate anions
Authors: Vyakaranam Kamesh , Janoušek Zbyněk , Eriksson Ludvig , Michl Josef 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe report an improved synthesis of 1‐halocarba‐closo‐dodecaborate anions 1‐Hal–CB11H and their efficient conversion to the undecamethylated anions 1‐Hal–CB11Me (Hal = Cl, Br, I) and the hexamethylated anions 1‐Hal‐(7–12)‐(CH3)6–CB11H (Hal = F, Cl) by treatment with methyl triflate in sulfolane in the presence of calcium hydride to remove the triflic acid byproduct. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:217–223, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20224