bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparteine Sulphate and Synthetic Oxytocin: A Comparative Study
Authors: Aickin D. R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

The effects of intravenous infusions of sparteine sulphate and synthetic oxytocin, when given to induce labour, were compared.
Episodes of hypertonic uterine activity were recorded with both agents.
When given to the same patient, response to the two drugs was not uniform. If oxytocin fails to stimulate efficient contractions, sparteine sulphate may be substituted with some hope of success.
The administration of sparteine sulphate by the intravenous route is recommended as being the safest method of use of this drug; a dosage schedule is described.
If sparteine sulphate is given intravenously, all the precautions normally observed in the conduct of oxytocin infusions should be adhered to.
Sparteine appears to have no advantage over oxytocin as a routine intravenous uterine stimulant.
Thrombin Clotting Time in Mild Pre‐Eclamptic Toxaemia
Authors: Searle J. W. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A comparison between the thrombin clotting times of a group of patients with pre‐eclamptic toxaemia and of group of normal pregnant controls has shown that there is a tendency of unknown significance towards prolongation of the thrombin clotting time in the pre‐eclamptic group.Factors involved in this reaction have been found to be within normal limits, and reasons have been given for suggesting that electrolyte imbalance might be the cause of this alteration.
Studies of Nutrition in Pregnancy V: Ascorbic Acid Levels of Blood and Milk in Pregnancy and in Lactation
Authors: Hankin M. E. , Cellier K. M. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

The mean daily As. A. intakes of subjects in the second trimester, third trimester and at 6 weeks post partum were 81, 72 and 77 mg., respectively.
Weak correlations were found between As. A. intakes and whole blood, plasma and blood cells levels at all times.
Those women who received 100 mg. As. A. supplementation from approximately 20 weeks of pregnancy had significantly higher levels of As. A. in the whole blood, plasma and blood cells than the unsupplemented group.
The value of As. A. supplementation in pregnancy and lactation is discussed.
A Clinical Evaluation of Buccal Oxytocin
Authors: Hennessey J. F. , Lang L. P. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A series of 60 patients is recorded in whom transbuccal oxytocin was used for the induction of labour. This would appear to be a satisfactory method with an overall success rate of 83%.Success varied with the method used and was 100% when the membranes had been ruptured 24 hours earlier. The presence of an unfavourable cervix considerably reduced the likelihood of successful induction. The parity of the patient in this series made little difference, but there appeared to be a significant reduction in success rate in the older patient.Blood levels of oxytocin were estimated during induction in 3 patients and were well within the upper limits of those found in normal labour.There were 3 cases of significant uterine overactivity without any apparent ill‐effects on the foetus. The post partum blood loss was higher than that recorded for an un‐selected hospital group of patients.Oxytocin used in any form is a potentially dangerous drug and close supervision of the patient is required. It is to be hoped that the ease of administration of this form of oxytocin does not increase its risk through misuse. Patients in this and similar series have been carefully watched and an understanding of the drug has developed as the number of cases has grown. This, naturally, leads to a higher efficiency and presumably less complications than for those who use the drug less often.
The Clinical Value of a Quantitative Immunological Assay for Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin
Authors: Connon Aileen F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

An immunological method for the detection of human chorionic gonadotrophin in urine is outlined.
The results obtained with this method in 1,517 normal antenatal patients are given.
These findings are related to the results obtained in patients with abnormal pregnancies (rhesus isoimmunization, abortion, ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole).
When its limitations are recognised this test can be of value in certain abnormal pregnancy states.
Ligation of the Hypogastric and Uterine Arteries*
Authors: Fahmy Kamal 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Four patients with uncontrollable pelvic haemorrhage due to various causes are presented. Bleeding was brought under control by performing bilateral hypogastric artery ligation in 3 patients and bilateral uterine artery ligation in 1 patient.The available literature on the subject is reviewed. All obstetricians and gynaecologists should be familiar with these techniques and should not hesitate in their performance in situations where other measures fail to control the bleeding.Of the two procedures, we consider that uterine artery ligation is superior, since it is easier, quicker, requires less manipulation, and it stops uterine bleeding by shutting off the major portion of the blood flow to the uterus.
Cone Biopsy — A Survey of 100 Cases
Authors: Byrne G. D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:One hundred consecutive cases of cone biopsy have been reviewed. The complication rate, particularly that of cervical stenosis and primary haemorrhage, was found to be higher than in other reported series.The frequency of complications and the large number of inadequate specimens is related to the poor techniques used. Various technical details have been discussed and compared with those used in other series.Cone biopsy is still the most generally useful method of diagnosis of carcinoma in situ.As a definitive method of treatment the value of cone biopsy was lessened by the high infertility rate in this series.
Monoamniotic Twins: A Case‐Report and Some Comments on the Condition
Authors: Atlay R. D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A case of monoamniotic twin pregnancy with double survival in the presence of true cord knotting is described.
The aetiological and clinical aspects of the condition are discussed.
Awareness of the condition, meticulous inspection of the placentae, umbilical cords and membranes of all multiple pregnancies and the reporting of all cases of monoamniotic twins should produce a more accurate estimation of the incidence of this condition.
Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Callagher Hugh C. 
Published: February 2008

summaryA review of 1041 personal vaginal hysterectomies has been presented. Reference is made to mortality, morbidity, complications and limitations of this operation.Mortality of two in this series is in accord with that of other statistical reviews. This confirms the claim that vaginal hysterectomy has an appreciably lower mortality rate than the abdominal operation.Serious complications were virtually negligible whilst post‐operative comfort of the patient was improved, period of convalescence shortened and return to full activity expedited.
Thrombosis of the Umbilical Cord Vessels
Authors: Nayak S. K. 
Published: February 2008

summaryA case has been described of thrombosis of the umbilical cord vessels. Pathogenesis of thrombosis is discussed in general, and the factors concerned with the generation of thrombosis in the present case are consideredIt is pointed out that further work is needed on the subjects of platelet count of umbilical cord blood; and of immune complexes in relation to generation of thrombosis.It is suggested that thrombotic episodes in some stillbirths and neonatal deaths could be the result of dissemination of thrombi in the umbilical cord or the placental vessels. A plea is therefore made for careful examination of these organs.The literature related to the phenomenon of thrombosis of the umbilical cord vessels is reviewed, and it is considered that this is the first completely documented case report of this condition.
Cancer of the Vagina
Authors: McGarrity Kelvin A. 
Published: February 2008

summary

Ninety cases of carcinoma of the vagina are reviewed, 72 being primary cancers (1 non‐invasive) and 18 secondary cancers.
The incidence of primary carcinoma of the vagina is 1.6% of 4,446 cases of primary genital cancer registered at the NewSouth Wales Gynaecological Cancer Registry.
Staging was conducted according to the recommendation of the Cancer Committee of F.I.G.O. and this showed that 31 tumours were Stage 1, 28 Stage 2, 4 Stage 3 and 8 Stage 4.
The site of the tumour was in the upper vagina in 39 cases, in the lower vagina in 15 cases, and in the middle third of the vagina in the remaining 17 cases.
The mean age of patients with primary invasive carcinoma was 66.5 years, compared with 58.5 years for those with secondary carcinoma. The highest incidence of primary carcinoma was noted in the 70–80 age group, whereas for secondary carcinoma it was in the 50–60 age group.
Primary invasive tumours were of squamous type in 80% of cases and adenocarcinoma in only 8 % Two‐thirds of the secondary tumours were adenocarcinomas.
Neither marital status nor parity appeared to have any significant association and there was no predisposing cause that could be substantiated.
Lymphatic involvement was observed clinically in 20% of patients; 25% of surgically removed nodes showed histological evidence of metastases.
Difficulty was often experienced in determining whether a tumour involving the cervix or vulva was a primary or secondary vaginal tumour.
For primary tumours, irradiation alone was used in 45 of the 71 patients, surgery alone in 12, surgery and irradiation in 7 and no treatment was employed in 7. A description of methods of applying radiotherapy is given and a dissection is made of the results of treatment according to both the site and the stage of the disease. Fifty per cent. of secondary tumours were treated by surgery compared with 27% of primary tumours.
The best results, regardless of the nature of treatment, were obtained when the tumour was in the upper vagina and the principles of treatment applied in carcinoma of the cervix could be carried out.
Annual and cumulative relative survival ratios are given for primary carcinoma of the vagina and these are compared with those for primary carcinoma of other genital sites. The 5‐year survival figure of 33.8% is considerably lower than that for other sites except the ovary.
Secondary tumours of the vagina from the colon, rectum, cervix, vulva, body of the uterus, and urethra are discussed in relation to pathology and treatment.
Secondary squamous tumours appear to have a better outlook than glandular tumours, particularly if treated by surgery.
Carcinoma of the Endometrium
Authors: Bonham D. G. , Seddon R. J. 
Published: February 2008

summaryOf 301 patients treated at National Women' Hospital from 1946 to 1961 only 8 have been lost to follow‐up. The 5‐year survival was 65 per cent. This was influenced by the ageof onset of the disease. The modal age of patients at diagnosis was 59 years.The value of the different forms of therapy did not emerge with clear‐cut differences. A plea is made for better recording of data and a higher necropsy rate with more care in death certification.
The Value of Urinary Oestriol Measurements During Pregnancy
Authors: MacLeod S. C. , Brown J. B. , Beischer N. A. , Smith Margery A. 
Published: February 2008

The excretion of oestriol in the maternal urine increases approximately a thousandfold from conception to term. During the first weeks of pregnancy, the oestriol is derived from the metabolism of oestrone and oestradiol produced by the corpus luteum. Later, the placenta becomes the major site of oestrogen production, and synthesises oestriol as well as oestrone, oestradiol and other oestrogens. From this time, the urinary oestriol is derived in two ways—directly from placental oestriol and indirectly from the metabolism of the other oestrogens. The placenta, in turn, derives many of the steroid precursors required for oestrogen synthesis from other sites, the most important being the foetus. The levels of oestriol in the urine therefore reflect the combined functional capacity of the foeto‐placental unit.SUMMARYThe urinary oestriol excretion in 265 patients with complicated pregnancies (30 perinatal deaths) and 211 normal pregnancies is presented.In the 70 patients with oestriol values below the normal range there were 21 foetal deaths, and 6 of the 49 surviving infants showed placental insufficiency. Ery‐throblastosis was the cause of 6 of the 9 deaths which occurred in patients with normal oestriol values.Low oestriol excretion was present in the majority of patients with impending intra‐uterine death and therefore the test is of value in selection of the optimum time for termination of such pregnancies. However, low oestriol excretion did not always signify that an infant at birth would appear placentally insufficient nor did a normal oestriol value exclude the possibility that an infant would exhibit this syndrome.
Arrhenoblastoma
Authors: Elliott Peter , Heseltine Mary 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe literature on arrhenoblastoma is briefly reviewed and a large undifferentiated tumour resulting in extreme virilisation is reported.Personality changes associated with progressive defeminisation and their disappearance on extirpation of the tumour are discussed.Conservative surgical treatment appears to have been justified as the follow‐up period approaches 5 years.
Culdoscopy in Infertility
Authors: Corkill Brian 
Published: February 2008

Summary

A series of 83 planned examinations with the culdoscope is described. Infertility and amenorrhoea (sometimes associated with infertility) were the major indications for the procedure.
A satisfactory view of the pelvic organs was obtained in 88% of patients.
Pathology was discovered in 44% of so‐called “normal” infertile women.
Reliability of the findings when compared with later laparotomy is extremely high.
The technique, which is similar to that of Decker, is described. Without general anaesthesia, the procedure is both safe and simple.
The Effects of Pregnancy and Wounding on the Mast Cell Population of the Rat Uterus
Authors: Donaldson E. , Morwood P. L. , Whitting H. W. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe uterine mast cell population has been observed in virgin, parous, and pregnant rats.The mast cell population of the uterus was also studied after vaginal delivery and hysterotomy.An increase in the number of mast cells was observed during pregnancy but this was not statistically significant.A significant increase in mast cell numbers occurred in the puerperium whether delivery was per vaginam or by hysterotomy.
Traumatic Decapitation and Foetal Ascites
Authors: Campbell J. M. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThree cases of foetal ascites are described. Each was characterized by obstruction to labour after delivery of the head and in each case the head was avulsed before the final diagnosis was made.Mention is made of other causes of gross abdominal distension and the possibility of antenatal radiological diagnosis is discussed.
Cryptomenorrhoea Due to a Transverse Vaginal Septum
Authors: Stewart A. D. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of cryptomenorrhoea with associated haematosalpinges due to a transverse vaginal septum in a girl aged 15 years is presented.The excised hymen showed squamous epithelium on the lower surface and columnar secretory epithelium on the upper surface.Review of the literature shows that haematosalpinx is an uncommon complication of a low vaginal septum.Once diagnosed an occluding vaginal septum is a surgical emergency and the retained fluid should be drained promptly.The question of fertility after the presence of a haematosalpinx is discussed.
Problems in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Choriocarcinoma Illustrated Case Report
Authors: Chan Lawrence K. C. , Teoh E. S. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of choriocarcinoma with a relentlessly fatal course in spite of therapy is presented.The uncommon mode of clinical presentation as a threatened and later missed abortion is discussed and its importance for early diagnosis emphasised. An accurate, quantitative method for assaying H.C.G. titres in serum and urine is a sine qua non for early diagnosis of choriocarcinoma.Preliminary hysterectomy followed by chemotherapy may increase metastases.
Pregnancy and Quadriplegia —the Problem of Autonomic Dysreflexia
Authors: Saunders Douglas , Yeo John 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe course of pregnancy and labour in a quadriplegic patient is described. The literature on autonomic dysreflexia associated with pregnancy is briefly reviewed and the use of a cystometrogram to predict the onset and severity of this complication of labour is discussed.
Intrauterine Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Report of a Case Associated with Hydramnios and Dystocia
Authors: Monks Peter L. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of intrauterine osteogenesis imperfecta associated with hydramnios and foetal dystocia is presented.Postmortem skeletal survey showed extremely poor calcification and marked fracture deformities of the long bones.
Urinary Oestriol Excretion in Pregnancies Complicated by Proteinuria
Authors: Reid Stanley , Beischer N. A. , Brown J. B. , Smith M. A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. Oestriol excretion was studied in 147 patients with proteinuria in pregnancy. In the group as a whole the incidence of low oestriol excretion was 39.4% and the perinatal mortality rate was 1.5%. When the oestriol excretion was normal the perinatal mortality rate was 3.4% compared with 31.7% when the values were low.2. Oestriol excretion was low in 36 of 41 patients whose infants had intrauterine growth retardation.3. In 22 patients with proteinuria alone the oestriol excretion was usually normal and the perinatal results favourable.4. In 78 patients with moderate preeclampsia no perinatal deaths occurred when oestriol values were normal and the foetal death rate was 24% when oestriol excretion was low.5. In 37 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia oestriol excretion was low in 8 of the 10 pregnancies which resulted in foetal death.6. In 10 patients with chronic renal disease, oestriol excretion was low in 8 including the 5 pregnancies which resulted in a stillbirth.
An Evaluation of Serum Uric Acid Estimations in Toxaemia of Pregnancy
Authors: Connon Aileen F. , Wadsworth R. J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1. There was an increase in the proportion of patients with raised serum uric acid (SUA) levels with increasing severity of pre‐eclamptic toxaemia.2. Raised SUA levels were also found in one‐third of patients with unclassified toxaemia. The criteria of diagnosis of unclassified toxaemia requires revision.3. In the hypertensive patients in this study, the frequency of multiple pregnancy was twice that expected in normal pregnancy.4. The ratio SUA/BUN x 100 was similar in pre‐eclampsia of all three grades of severity and in unclassified toxaemia, but the ratio in essential hypertension in this study was lower than in the other groups. Therefore this ratio may be of value in separating the patients with essential hypertension from the unclassified toxaemia patients.5. While an elevated SUA from 6.0‐10.0 mg./100 ml. was suggestive of preeclampsia, and an increasing level was highly significant, half the patients with pre‐eclampsia had normal SUA levels.6. There is a place for SUA estimations in the management of hypertension in pregnancy, but the results require to be interpreted in the light of clinical findings. patients under their care. Special thanks are due to Professor L. W. Cox for his interest in this study, and to Dr. J. R. Lawrence, for helpful criticism.
Transverse and Oblique Lie of the Foetus
Authors: Cockbum K. G. , Drake R. F. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA review of 185 successive deliveries in which the lie of the presenting foetus was either transverse or oblique is presented.The aetiological factors are discussed and the important role of prematurity is noted.Excluding twin pregnancies, macerated foetuses and infants weighing less than 1000 g. (2.2 lb.) the corrected perinatal loss was 21.1% and the morbidity rate of those who survived was 33.9%.For delivery by Caesarean section the uncorrected perinatal loss was 6.4% and the neonatal morbidity rate was 19.3%.A method of management of transverse or oblique lie is suggested.
Brow Presentation with Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Jennings P. N. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA series of 53 brow presentations (0.14% of all deliveries) occurring in a 10‐year period at National Women's Hospital, Auckland, is presented. Of these, 43% were in nulliparae. Cephalo‐pelvic disproportion, present in about one‐third of the patients, was the only notable aetiological factor. The method of delivery was spontaneous in 7 patients, operative vaginal in 16, and Caesarean section in 30. It is inferred that spontaneous vaginal delivery from a brow presentation where the infant and the maternal pelvis are of average size may be more common than is thought.There were 2 perinatal infant deaths attributable to the abnormality and no maternal deaths.
Controlled‐Release Iron Therapy in Pregnancy
Authors: Symonds E. M. , Radden H. S. , Cellier K. M. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryOne hundred and three antenatal patients with initial haemoglobin levels of 10.7 g./100 ml. or less at their first antenatal visit were treated with either ferrous gluconate, Ferrogradumet or intravenous Astrafer. A significant rise in haemoglobin level occurred in the first month in those groups receiving iron therapy compared with the control group. From the end of the first month until 36 weeks gestation, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups.A double‐blind trial in the Ferrogradumet group involving 52 patients over the first month of the trial showed no significant difference in side‐effects between the inert vehicle and the Ferrogradumet groups. Controlled‐release iron in the form of Ferrogradumet is a convenient and effective method of iron administration in pregnancy, both for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
The Incidence of Neoplastic Trophoblastic Disease in Australia
Authors: Steigrad S. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe incidence of hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma over a 16‐year‐period (1950–1966) is presented for 3 major hospitals in Sydney.The cases are analysed with particular reference to previous pathology.The general social conditions in Australia are discussed with reference to the incidence of trophoblastic disease.
Continuous Chlormadinone Acetate for Contraception: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Leeton John 
Published: February 2008

Summary

Chlormadinone acetate, 0.5 mg. daily, has been assessed as a contraceptive drug. Drug and patient failure rates in this series were both 0.005/cycle of exposure. This was equivalent to a combined figure of 12 pregnancies 100 woman years.
Of 25 women who had previous sideeffects on at least 1 oral contraceptive, 15 had no symptoms on chlormadinone acetate.
Women taking chlormadinone acetate while breastfeeding showed no evidence of inhibition of lactation.
No significant difference in the incidence of side‐effects was found in a low economic group when compared with a private patient group.
Ultrasonic Scanning in Obstetrics
Authors: Morrison J. , Kohorn E. I. , Ashford C. , Tredgold C. , Blackwell R. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryPlacental localisation by ultrasonic compound scanning is described. In a series of 250 patients, placenta praevia was present in 23, and in 21 of these an accurate diagnosis was made in relation to position and degree. In one of two patients where there was a diagnostic error, the difference between the suggested and actual placental margin was slight.