bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of nasal surgery on the nasal cavity as determined by acoustic rhinometry
Authors: Kemker Bryan , Liu Xiling , Gungor Anil , Moinuddin Rizwan , Corey Jacquelynne P. 
Published: November 2005

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) was used to objectively measure the success of septoplasty in relieving nasal obstruction caused by septal deviation. In addition, the patients were given a questionnaire to subjectively assess symptoms of congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing. Patients diagnosed with a septal deviation requiring surgery to eliminate obstruction were enrolled in this study. A septal deviation often results in concomitant sinonasal or respiratory problems that require septoplasty plus other surgeries to treat the patient effectively. AR measurements for patients who underwent septoplasty or septoplasty plus other surgeries were taken before and after surgery. To avoid confounding results caused by different levels of congestion, we used only postdecongestant values to analyze the data and only the side of the nose with the smaller volume for analysis. Patients in the septoplasty‐only group showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) increase in volume as measured by AR, a decrease in the symptom of congestion, and a decrease in the symptom of rhinorrhea. Patients who had septoplasty plus other sinonasal procedures showed significant increases in volume and cross‐sectional area (CSA) 3, whereas CSAs 1 and 2 increased also, but not significantly.
Effects of discrimination difficulty on cognitive event‐related brain potentials in patients with cochlear implants
Authors: Okusa Masako , Shiraishi Takayuki , Kubo Takeshi , Nageishi Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2005

Cognitive event‐related brain potentials (ERPs) recorded during a 2‐tone discrimination (oddball) task were examined in 8 patients with cochlear implants. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of discrimination difficulty formed by 4 conditions of stimulus contrast: the target stimuli were set at 2000, 1500, 1200, or 1100 Hz, and nontarget stimuli were set at 1000 Hz throughout. The averaged ERPs recorded after the target stimuli revealed N100, P200, N200, and P300 peaks, whereas those after the nontarget stimuli showed only N100 and P200 peaks. The peak latencies of the ERP components of early information processings (N100 and P200) were not significantly increased among the 4 conditions. In contrast, the latencies of late cognitive components (N2b and P300, whose peak latencies were longer than 250 msec) and reaction times were significantly increased as target discriminability decreased. In conclusion, early information processings were not delayed by the discrimination difficulty, but cognitive processings were delayed in patients with cochlear implants. Because the N2b amplitude, which is considered to be associated with controlled processings, was much larger than that previously reported from subjects with normal hearing, it is suggested that patients with cochlear implants make a considerable effort to process their poor auditory information.
Effects of influenza A virus on lectin‐binding patterns in murine nasopharyngeal mucosa and on bacterial colonization
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Kurono Yuichi , Ichimiya Issei , Suzuki Masashi , Mogi Goro 
Published: November 2005

To clarify the role of viral infection in otitis media, we intranasally inoculated mice with influenza A virus and examined histologic changes in the nasopharyngeal mucosa using a battery of lectins. Additionally, live Haemophilus influenzae o r Streptococcus pneumoniae was injected into the nasopharynx after virus inoculation, and the clearance of bacteria from the nasopharynx was examined. Staining of the mucous blanket and epithelial cell surfaces in the nasopharynx with peanut agglutinin, succinyl wheat‐germ agglutinin, and Bandeiraea simplicifolia agglutinin was significantly enhanced with intranasal virus inoculation when compared with that in control animals. The nasopharynx was moderately stained with Maachia amurensis agglutinin and wheat‐germ agglutinin in control animals, and the staining was enhanced after virus inoculation. These findings were most remarkable 5 and 9 days after virus inoculation. The numbers of bacteria cultured from the nasopharynx were significantly increased when bacteria were injected 5 days after virus inoculation. These results suggest that an alteration in the glycoconjugate structure lining the nasopharyngeal mucosa caused by the influenza virus might be associated with the reduction in bacterial clearance. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery 1999;121:616–21.)
Management of acute inflammatory childhood stridor
Authors: Damm Michael , Eckel Hans Edmund , Jungehülsing Markus , Roth Bernhard 
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEAcute epiglottitis, bacterial tracheitis, and severe viral laryngotracheobronchitis continue to cause life‐threatening airway obstruction in children. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate deficiencies in treatment, to clarify the role of airway endoscopy, and to identify current reasons for fatalities in these diseases.MATERIALS AND PATIENTSDuring the observation period from 1980 to 1996, we identified 61 patients treated in the pediatric intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Cologne for severe inflammatory airway obstruction.RESULTSCritical points in the appropriate airway management were (1) the confirmation of the admission diagnosis, (2) whether an artificial airway or rigid tracheobronchoscopy was required; and (3) appropriate timing of extubation. Since 1989 airway evaluation with flexible or small, rigid endoscopes was used to confirm the diagnosis and to determine the appropriate management. Endoscopic findings were extremely helpful to decide not to intubate and to monitor in the pediatric intensive care unit first. Three patients with acute epiglottitis died after out‐of‐hospital cardiorespiratory arrest.CONCLUSIONEndoscopy should be a part of every established treatment protocol of childhood stridor. The most decisive factor to decrease mortality seems to be timely presentation to a referral center.
Vestibular Compensation in Guinea Pigs Given Intravenous Lidocaine after Unilateral Labyrinthectomy
Authors: Hung Richard T. , Harvey Steven A. , Millen Steven J. 
Published: November 2005

Intravenous lidocaine has been reported to alleviate vertigo in Meniere's disease and suggested as a possible antivertigo agent after unilateral labyrinthectomy in a study of cats. To further evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine on the acute phase of postural compensation, we subjected 13 pig‐mented guinea pigs to unilateral labyrinthectomy. Seven received intravenous lidocaine (4 mg/kg) immediately after labyrinthectomy. The other six served as controls and received an equivalent‐volume injection of normal saline solution. Total body curvature, trunk curvature, yaw head tilt, and roll head tilt were measured at frequent intervals for up to 30 hours after surgery. Both groups had immediate difficulties with posturing that gradually improved. The lidocaine group tended to exhibit delayed postural compensation, but this was only statistically significant for roll head tilt. These results do not show improvement in postural compensation from unilateral labyrinthectomy after the administration of intravenous lidocaine. A species‐specific effect on the vestibular pathways is suggested, and we conclude that further evaluation of lidocaine and the vestibular system is warranted.
Current Treatment Practices for Early Laryngeal Carcinoma
Authors: DiNardo Laurence J. , Kaylie David M. , Isaacson Jon 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVEControversy regarding the management of early laryngeal carcinoma persists in the absence of a definitive comparison of treatment modalities. This study examines the basic management practices for early laryngeal cancer among the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery membership with an emphasis on the role of conservation surgery.METHODSQuestionnaires were randomly distributed to 3000 members with 1000 responses. The results were collated and statistically evaluated with multivariable frequency analysis.RESULTSFor operable supraglottic tumors, supraglottic laryngectomy was advocated by 41.6% of those responding. Definitive radiation therapy was suggested by 5.3% of participants and total laryngectomy by 1.4%. Explanation of treatment options with the patient deciding the therapy was selected by 48.3% of responders. For suitable glottic tumors, hemilaryngectomy was recommended by 37.1%, definitive radiation therapy by 8.1%, total laryngectomy by 1.9%, and patient choice by 50.4% of members completing the survey. When patients were left to weigh the treatment options, surgery was much less likely to be chosen than if it was advocated by the physician. Trends were evident according to practice region and setting, but these variables did not correlate strongly with physician recommendations. However, date of residency completion and rating of available radiation oncology services were significant factors. The evaluation of postoperative considerations in laryngeal conservation surgery demonstrated large variability in the definition of a close margin and the perceived need for additional therapy.CONCLUSIONSThe varied practice patterns among the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery membership reflect the lack of a comparative outcome analysis for the treatment of early laryngeal carcinoma. Consequently, the full reliance on patient choice, which is more pronounced among young physicians, and cost considerations may have the greatest impact on the future treatment of this disease.
Utility of Portable Chest Radiographs as a Predictor of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure
Authors: Valentino Joseph , Myers Robert K. , Baker Michael D. , Woodring John H. 
Published: November 2005

Increased endotracheal tube cuff pressure causes mucosal ischemia that can lead to necrosis, infection, and, eventually, tracheomalacia or tracheal stenosis. Endotracheally intubated patients frequently undergo portable chest radiography. In this study we explored the relationship of endotracheal tube cuff pressure and the appearance on the tracheal air columns on the portable chest radiograph. We measured the endotracheal tube cuff pressure of intensive care unit patients 124 times immediately before portable chest radiography. On 64 of these radiographs we measured the width of the tracheal air column below the tip of the endotracheal tube and at the maximal diameter of the endotracheal tube balloon. We then analyzed the relationship of cuff pressure to tracheal dilation. The results of ANOVA of tracheal dilation for three groups (safe, borderline, and unsafe cuff pressures) were significant. Large overlapping ranges existed in each group. Regression analysis confirmed a linear relationship between cuff pressure and tracheal dilation (r = 0.435, p >0.001). Predicted tracheal expansion at 20 mm Hg was a poor screen for endotracheal tube cuff inflation safety; the sensitivity was only 56% and specificity only 71%. The differences in the capacity for tracheal distension between patients make these findings not unexpected. The portable chest radiograph is a poor screening tool for unsafe endotracheal tube cuff pressure. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120: 51‐6.)
Teleconsultation in Otolaryngology: Live Versus Store and Forward Consultations
Authors: Sclafani Anthony P. , Heneghan Conor , Ginsburg Jeffrey , Sabini Paul , Stern Jordan , Dolitsky Jay N. 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the relative strengths and weaknesses of interactive and delayed teleconsultations in otolaryngology.SETTINGAmbulatory clinic at an urban tertiary care facility.SUBJECTSForty‐five adult patients with known or suspected upper aerodigestive tract pathology.INTERVENTIONPatients were interviewed by an otolaryngology chief resident (CR) using a standardized protocol; the results were presented to a board‐certified otolaryngologist present locally (LBCO) and a remote physician viewing the encounter by video‐conferencing elsewhere in the hospital (RBCO). The CR performed a complete otolaryngologic examination, including fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopy. The CR and LBCO viewed the examination on a video monitor; the RBCO viewed the same image on the video‐conferencing monitor. Each physician independently recorded findings and rendered a diagnosis. A third board‐certified otolaryngologist, who reviewed the stored data file (text and stored images) in a delayed fashion (DBCO), documented his findings and made a diagnosis.RESULTSThe CR and LBCO agreed on diagnosis in 92% (36 of 39) of cases. The LBCO and RBCO arrived at the same diagnosis in 29 of 34 (85%) cases. The DBCO agreed with the LBCO for 18 of 28 (64%) diagnoses. Agreement on management recommendations between the LBCO/DBCO pair were also lower than for the LBCO/RBCO pair.CONCLUSIONSBoth interactive and delayed techniques can be used to provide relatively accurate clinical consultations in otolaryngology. Telemedicine can be applied for subspecialty consultations, screening programs, remote emergency triage, second opinions, and resident education.
Cytochrome P‐450 Inhibition Blocks Bone Resorption In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Choo Moo‐Jin , Chole Richard A. 
Published: November 2005

Although the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism have been shown to lead to osteoclastic resorption, the cytochrome P450 pathway has not been implicated. We investigated the effects of the cytochrome P450 pathway in IL‐1β –induced calcium release from cultured mouse calvaria in vitro in the presence of clotrimazole, a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, or l‐NG‐arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Clotrimazole inhibited calcium release in a dose‐dependent manner; however, l‐NG‐arginine methyl ester did not inhibit resorption. These results suggest that cytochrome P450 may be another possible mediator of IL‐1β–induced bone resorption in vitro. In the in vivo portion of the study, clotrimazole was administered in the gerbil model of adaptive bone modeling. Clotrimazole inhibited osteoclast surface; however, it did not reduce the osteoclast number, mean erosion surface per osteoclast, mineralization surface, or mineral‐apposition rate. These results suggest that clotrimazole may inhibit the activation of osteoclasts and that cytochrome P450–dependent enzymes may be related to osteoclast activation in vivo. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999;120:84‐91.)
Identification and Functional Characterization ofArabidopsisPEROXIN4 and the Interacting Protein PEROXIN22[W]
Authors: Zolman Bethany K. , Monroe-Augustus Melanie , Silva Illeana D. , Bartel Bonnie 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPeroxins are genetically defined as proteins necessary for peroxisome biogenesis. By screening for reduced response to indole-3-butyric acid, which is metabolized to active auxin in peroxisomes, we isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana peroxin4 (pex4) mutant. This mutant displays sucrose-dependent seedling development and reduced lateral root production, characteristics of plant peroxisome malfunction. We used yeast two-hybrid analysis to determine that PEX4, an apparent ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, interacts with a previously unidentified Arabidopsis protein, PEX22. A pex4 pex22 double mutant enhanced pex4 defects, confirming that PEX22 is a peroxin. Expression of both Arabidopsis genes together complemented yeast pex4 or pex22 mutant defects, whereas expression of either gene individually failed to rescue the corresponding yeast mutant. Therefore, it is likely that the Arabidopsis proteins can function similarly to the yeast PEX4–PEX22 complex, with PEX4 ubiquitinating substrates and PEX22 tethering PEX4 to the peroxisome. However, the severe sucrose dependence of the pex4 pex22 mutant is not accompanied by correspondingly strong defects in peroxisomal matrix protein import, suggesting that this peroxin pair may have novel plant targets in addition to those important in fungi. Isocitrate lyase is stabilized in pex4 pex22, indicating that PEX4 and PEX22 may be important during the remodeling of peroxisome matrix contents as glyoxysomes transition to leaf peroxisomes.
Suppression of the Floral ActivatorHd3aIs the Principal Cause of the Night Break Effect in Rice[W]
Authors: Ishikawa Ryo , Tamaki Shojiro , Yokoi Shuji , Inagaki Noritoshi , Shinomura Tomoko , Takano Makoto , Shimamoto Ko 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA short exposure to light in the middle of the night causes inhibition of flowering in short-day plants. This phenomenon is called night break (NB) and has been used extensively as a tool to study the photoperiodic control of flowering for many years. However, at the molecular level, very little is known about this phenomenon. In rice (Oryza sativa), 10 min of light exposure in the middle of a 14-h night caused a clear delay in flowering. A single NB strongly suppressed the mRNA of Hd3a, a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), whereas the mRNAs of OsGI and Hd1 were not affected. The NB effect on Hd3a mRNA was maximal in the middle of the 14-h night. The phyB mutation abolished the NB effect on flowering and Hd3a mRNA, indicating that the NB effect was mediated by phytochrome B. Because expression of the other FT-like genes was very low and not appreciably affected by NB, our results strongly suggest that the suppression of Hd3a mRNA is the principal cause of the NB effect on flowering in rice.
Transcription and Histone Modifications in the Recombination-Free Region Spanning a Rice Centromere[W]
Authors: Yan Huihuang , Jin Weiwei , Nagaki Kiyotaka , Tian Shulan , Ouyang Shu , Buell C. Robin , Talbert Paul B. , Henikoff Steven , Jiang Jiming 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCentromeres are sites of spindle attachment for chromosome segregation. During meiosis, recombination is absent at centromeres and surrounding regions. To understand the molecular basis for recombination suppression, we have comprehensively annotated the 3.5-Mb region that spans a fully sequenced rice centromere. Although transcriptional analysis showed that the 750-kb CENH3-containing core is relatively deficient in genes, the recombination-free region differs little in gene density from flanking regions that recombine. Likewise, the density of transposable elements is similar between the recombination-free region and flanking regions. We also measured levels of histone H4 acetylation and histone H3 methylation at 176 genes within the 3.5-Mb span. Active genes showed enrichment of H4 acetylation and H3K4 dimethylation as expected, including genes within the core. Our inability to detect sequence or histone modification features that distinguish recombination-free regions from flanking regions that recombine suggest that recombination suppression is an epigenetic feature of centromeres maintained by the assembly of CENH3-containing nucleosomes within the core. CENH3-containing centrochromatin does not appear to be distinguished by a unique combination of H3 and H4 modifications. Rather, the varied distribution of histone modifications might reflect the composition and abundance of sequence elements that inhabit centromeric DNA.
Breath‐holding and its breakpoint
Authors: Parkes M. J. 
Published: November 2005

This article reviews the basic properties of breath‐holding in humans and the possible causes of the breath at breakpoint. The simplest objective measure of breath‐holding is its duration, but even this is highly variable. Breath‐holding is a voluntary act, but normal subjects appear unable to breath‐hold to unconsciousness. A powerful involuntary mechanism normally overrides voluntary breath‐holding and causes the breath that defines the breakpoint. The occurrence of the breakpoint breath does not appear to be caused solely by a mechanism involving lung or chest shrinkage, partial pressures of blood gases or the carotid arterial chemoreceptors. This is despite the well‐known properties of breath‐hold duration being prolonged by large lung inflations, hyperoxia and hypocapnia and being shortened by the converse manoeuvres and by increased metabolic rate.Breath‐holding has, however, two much less well‐known but important properties. First, the central respiratory rhythm appears to continue throughout breath‐holding. Humans cannot therefore stop their central respiratory rhythm voluntarily. Instead, they merely suppress expression of their central respiratory rhythm and voluntarily ‘hold’ the chest at a chosen volume, possibly assisted by some tonic diaphragm activity. Second, breath‐hold duration is prolonged by bilateral paralysis of the phrenic or vagus nerves. Possibly the contribution to the breakpoint from stimulation of diaphragm muscle chemoreceptors is greater than has previously been considered. At present there is no simple explanation for the breakpoint that encompasses all these properties.
Use of Biochemical Kinetic Data To Determine Strain Relatedness among
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
Isolates
Authors: de la Torre E. , Tello M. , Mateu E. M. , Torre E. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

Classical biotyping characterizes strains by creating biotype profiles that consider only positive and negative results for a predefined set of biochemical tests. This method allows
Salmonella
subspecies to be distinguished but does not allow serotypes and phage types to be distinguished. The objective of this study was to determine the relatedness of isolates belonging to distinct
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serotypes by using a refined biotyping process that considers the kinetics at which biochemical reactions take place. Using a Vitek GNI+ card for the identification of gram-negative organisms, we determined the biochemical kinetic reactions (28 biochemical tests) of 135
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
strains of pig origin collected in Spain from 1997 to 2002 (59
Salmonella
serotype Typhimurium strains, 25
Salmonella
serotype Typhimurium monophasic variant strains, 25
Salmonella
serotype Anatum strains, 12
Salmonella
serotype Tilburg strains, 7
Salmonella
serotype Virchow strains, 6
Salmonella
serotype Choleraesuis strains, and 1
Salmonella enterica
serotype 4,5,12:−:− strain). The results were expressed as the colorimetric and turbidimetric changes (in percent) and were used to enhance the classical biotype profile by adding kinetic categories. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed by using the enhanced profiles and resulted in 14 clusters. Six major clusters grouped 94% of all isolates with a similarity of ≥95% within any given cluster, and eight clusters contained a single isolate. The six major clusters grouped not only serotypes of the same type but also phenotypic serotype variations into individual clusters. This suggests that metabolic kinetic reaction data from the biochemical tests commonly used for classic
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
biotyping can possibly be used to determine the relatedness between isolates in an easy and timely manner.