bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated consumer exposure to dimethyl ether and propane/butane in hairsprays
Authors: HARTOP P.J. , COOK T.L. , ADAMS M.G. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisThe potential human exposures from use of dimethyl ether (DME) and ‘liquefied petroleum gas’(LPG) arising from use in hairsprays have been assessed. DME and LPG concentrations were measured in the ‘breathing zone’ of an experimental manikin and an ‘accompanying child’ designed to simulate human use of hairsprays in a domestic situation and in the breathing zone of a ‘stylist’ and ‘customer’ under salon conditions. Results were expressed as the 10 min time weighted average in the air (TWA10) and as the peak concentration in the breathing zone of the ‘user’.Following a 10s use of hairspray containing 50% DME or 26% LPG, TWA10 values for an adult user in a closed room (volume 21 m3) were on average 114 ppm and 73 ppm respectively. The child TWA10 values were 89 ppm (DME) and 80 ppm (LPG). Leaving the door open during spraying did not significantly alter these values. The peak concentrations measured in the user breathing zone were 1577 ppm of DME and 671 ppm of LPG. Simulated salon use of a hairspray gave a calculated value of 55 ppm DME and 88 ppm LPG for the stylist over an 8 h working period.
Optimization of emulsions
Authors: CARLOTTI M.E. , CARPIGNANO R. , GASCO M.R. , TROTTA M. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisThe optimization of three emulsions with predetermined components was performed by the aid of experimental design. Three different surfactants were compared: the salts of hexadecylhydrogenphosphate with diethanolamine, lysine and arginine respectively. Optimized microemulsions showed quite high stabilities towards centrifugation (30–60 min at 7000 rpm). The results showed that the counter‐ion can affect the composition and stability of an emulsion.
The use of Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy in the study of the surface chemistry of hair fibres
Authors: JOY M. , LEWIS D.M. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisHuman hair keratin is susceptible to damage by both chemical and physical agencies. Oxidative damage can now be assessed by the use of Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy.Analysis may be performed using the following techniques; diffuse reflectance, attenuated total reflectance and microspectrophotometry. This latter technique is made possible by the coupling of a research grade microscope to the optical bench of the FTIR spectrometer.The computing power necessary to operate the FTIR allows data to be mathematically manipulated. Derivative spectra obtained in this manner allow small peaks obscured by the close proximity of large peaks to be resolved.Analysis of single fibres treated with hydrogen peroxide or metabisulphite solutions showed the formation of cysteic acid and cysteine‐S‐sulphonate respectively.Second order derivative spectroscopy allowed a profile of the oxidative damage from the root to tip of naturally weathered hair to be constructed.
Exposure to paraphenylendiamine in hairdressing parlours
Authors: GAGLIARDI L. , AMBROSO M. , MAVRO J. , FURNO F. , DISCALZI G. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisA certain number of hairdressing parlour employers have been taken to court because their employees allegedly suffered from lung allergies caused by the vapours from PPD (paraphenylendiamine) which allegedly developed when applying hair dyes. These conclusions may be reached if the specific hazards of the rubber and particularly leather and fur dyeing industry are extrapolated as is widely reported in literature, to hairdressing employees. The purpose of this study is to assess the actual exposure rate to PPD vapours of hairdressing employees during a working day, on the basis of the type and characteristics of the salon (small, medium and large), the number of dye applications per day and the chemical‐physical characteristics of the oxidation dyes. The results prove that, even under the hypothesis of experimental conditions pushed to the extreme, it is not reasonable to speak of exposure to PPD through the lungs of hairdressing employees.
Comparative assessment of talc slip using a sensory analysis technique
Authors: MacLENNAN A. , SHAW R. , JONES L. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisA technique was developed to evaluate the relative slip of ten test talcs and two control talcs (one with known good slip and one with known poor slip properties). The study was conducted under double‐blind conditions with a naive panel of 19 subjects, who with minimal training ranked the 12 talcs. The rankings identified were in line with expectations. Such sensory analysis could be applied in this cost‐effective manner to the evaluation and comparison of many properties of cosmetics and toiletries.
Dosage de l'octyl triazone dans les produits cosmétiques solaires
Authors: Et M. HERPOL‐BORRHMANS , MASSE M. O. 
Published: May 2007

Summary Dosage of octyl triazone in cosmetic sunscreen products. The method describes the quantitative determination of octyl triazone [2, 4, 6‐trianilino‐p‐(carbo‐2′‐ethylhexyl‐1′‐oxy)‐1, 3, 5‐triazine] in cosmetic sunscreen products.The sample is suspended in tetrahydrofuran and after appropriate treatment the determination is made by HPLC.
Preparation of an oakmoss absolute with reduced allergenic potential
Authors: EHRET C. , MAUPETIT P. , PETRZILKA M. , KLECAK G. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisOakmoss absolute, an extract of the lichen Evernia prunastri, is known to cause allergenic skin reactions due to the presence of certain aromatic aldehydes such as atranorin, chloratranorin, ethyl hematommate and ethyl chlorohematommate.In this paper it is shown that treatment of Oakmoss absolute with amino acids such as lysine and/or leucine, lowers considerably the content of these allergenic constituents including atranol and chloratranol. The resulting Oakmoss absolute, which exhibits an excellent olfactive quality, was tested extensively in comparative studies on guinea pigs and on man. The results of the Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) and Human Repeated Insult Patch Test (HRIPT) indicate that, in comparison with the commercial test sample, the allergenicity of this new quality of Oakmoss absolute was considerably reduced, and consequently better skin tolerance of this fragrance for man was achieved.
Direct contact membrane inoculation of yeasts and moulds for evaluating preservative efficacy in solid cosmetics
Authors: TRAN TONY T. , COLLIER STEVEN W. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisA direct contact membrane inoculation technique for yeasts and moulds was used to evaluate the preservation efficacy and antimicrobial activity of Germall 115 and Germall II in pressed eye shadows. Test organisms on membrane filters were placed in direct contact with cosmetics at room temperature under humid conditions. Growth on membranes was removed daily, or as appropriate, and cultured on potato dextrose agar containing lecithin and Tween 80. Linear regression analysis was used to determine product preservation efficacy. Average D values of 1 and 3 days for Candida albicans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 10231 and 17 and 29 days for Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 were obtained on two eye shadows we prepared (in‐house eye shadows) with parabens and either Germall II or Germall 115 as preservatives. A decimal reduction time (D value) of 6–7 days was calculated for the yeast on a commercial eye shadow preserved with parabens and Germall 115. A. niger multiplied on six of seven replicates of this commercial product to attain a nearly 3 log10 increase in 20 days. On one replicate, A. niger showed a 1 log10 increase in the first 10 days, and then decreased linearly (r =— 0.95) to <10 colony‐forming units per membrane by day 24. The method used with C. albicans and A. niger was then used with bacteria. The method was sensitive enough to differentiate the antimicrobial activity of the Germall 115 and Germall II against fungi but not against bacteria. The in‐house and commercial products were preserved most effectively against the three bacteria tested and least effectively against the mould.
Transparent gels: study of their formation and assimilation of active ingredients through phase diagrams
Authors: COMELLES F. , CAELLES J. , PARRA J.L. , LEAL J. SÁNCHEZ 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisMulticomponent gel formulations capable of assimilating, simultaneously, several active ingredients of potential application in the cosmetic field were studied.The possibility of formation of a transparent gel was determined using a method which consisted in the optimization of several lipophilic basic compositions, composed of oil, a mixture of surfactants, a sunscreen agent, several vitamins and antioxidants situated in the base of a regular tetrahedron that symbolized the considered system. To this, a polar phase made of water, a cosolvent and urea in appropriate proportions and situated in the fourth vertex, was progressively added.It may be concluded, that the use of phase diagrams on cosmetic systems, constitutes a useful way to select the components and their mutual ratios, allowing an adaptation to the specific requested conditions of formulation.
Geographical variations of the constituents of the essential oil of Crithmum maritimum L., Apiaceae
Authors: COIFFARD L. , PIRON‐FRENET‡ M. , AMICEL L. 
Published: May 2007

Synopsis Crithmum maritimum L. is a halophyte and chasmophyte apiaceous plant, which grows on all the world's coastlines but is particularly abundant in France. The essential oil obtained by steam distillation from samples of leaves of Crithmum maritimum L. gathered in two areas of France, Brittany and Provence, was analysed first by ultraviolet spectroscopy and secondly by capillary GC.In the first analysis, two distinct UV spectra were obtained depending on the two origins. In all, about 27 components were identified in the two sample types by GC, and they were quantified when possible. Dillapiole is the main constituent representing 75% of the oil whatever its origin.
First impression versus extended usage: a comparison of product testing methodologies for perfume
Authors: SHALOFSKY I. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisIn the fine fragrance industry, unlike many other fast moving consumer goods (fmcg) industries, systematic consumer product‐testing has usually been conspicuous by its absence. The reasons are varied, including perfume's own traditions rooted in fashion rather than in marketing, the reluctance of perfumers to see their creations tested, the frequently (and perhaps, surprisingly) short lead times accorded for new product development and, of course, costs. When consumer product‐testing is carried out, it is often limited for these same reasons, to ‘sniff‐testing’, which, in the perfume industry, is equivalent to ‘first impression’ testing.This paper suggests that such sniff‐testing may not only be unreliable, but perhaps more unreliable for the perfume category than has been realized hitherto. Reference is made to two consumer research studies on perfume, a qualitative project in France, followed by a quantitative exercise in the UK. A comparison is made between in‐home test and sniff‐test results for the same set of perfumes, which illustrates the limitations of sniff‐testing in general, and the misleading results that it may produce, in particular. A major implication is that perfume is one product category which should be tested in extended usage, and not just for ‘first impressions’.
Identification and characterization of vinylpyrrolidone‐vinylimidazolium chloride copolymers in cosmetic products by pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
Authors: GMAHL E. , RUESS W. 
Published: May 2007

SynopsisCommercially available copolymers of 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and 1‐vinyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride, known as ‘Luviquat’ types in the cosmetic industry, were analysed for their composition using a combination of pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. This is a report on the determined pyrolytic products and the fast identification of the analysed polymers both in raw materials and cosmetic products. Calibration with defined material ensures the determination of monomer ratios with good reproducibility.
Aging and cancer cell biology, 2007
Authors: Campisi Judith 
Published: May 2007

SummaryThis Hot Topics review, the second in a new Aging Cell series, discusses articles published in the last year that have stimulated new ideas about the tangled relationship of aging to cancer cell biology. The year's highlights include reports on the ability of Mdm2 mutations to diminish risks of cancer in aging mice, on proliferative competition between oncogenic cells and bone marrow stem cells, and on the role of metalloproteinases in overcoming age‐associated barriers to tumor invasion. Of particular interest were three articles showing that diminished activity of the tumor‐suppressor gene p16/INK4a, while increasing the risk of cancer mortality, can lead to improved function in several varieties of age‐sensitive stem cells.
Enhancement of isokinetic muscle strength with a combined training programme in chronic heart failure
Authors: Degache Francis , Garet Martin , Calmels Paul , Costes Fédéric , Bathélémy Jean‐Claude , Roche Frédéric 
Published: May 2007

SummaryBackground  Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) exhibit an impaired exercised tolerance that dramatically limits their functional capacity and alters their quality of life.Design  The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two types of training programmes on isokinetic muscle strength and aerobic capacities in patients with CHF.Methods  A group of 23 stable CHF patients included consecutively followed an exercise training programme, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The first group (P1, n = 11) exercised on a cycloergometer for 45 min at 65% of peak . The second group (P2, n = 12) followed a 45‐min combined bicycle and quadricipital strength training. Strength training consisted of 10 series of 10 repetitions at 70% of maximal voluntary force. Incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests as well as an isokinetic quadricipital dynamometry evaluation were performed before and after training.Results and conclusions  In P1, peak increased by 20% (22·3 ± 4·9 versus 17·8 ± 4·5 ml min−1 kg−1; P<0·05) without any significant change in isokinetic muscle strength. In P2, peak improved within the same range (20·5 ± 2·8 versus 18·6 ± 3·7 ml min−1 kg−1; P<0·01). This last rehabilitation programme significantly increased isokinetic muscle strength at each angular velocities (+10·5 ± 13·5%, P<0·04; +5·6 ± 7·0%, P<0·03; for 180° s−1 and 60° s−1 respectively). Only the combined endurance/strength training programme was associated with an improvement in both peak and peripheral muscle strength, two significant parameters of outcome and quality of life in CHF.
Opsonophagocytic Activity and Other Serological Indications ofBordetella pertussisInfection in Military Recruits in Norway
Authors: Aase Audun , Herstad Tove Karin , Merino Samuel , Brandsdal Kari Torkildsen , Berdal Bjørn Peter , Aleksandersen Erja M. , Aaberge Ingeborg S. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTBordetella pertussisis the causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough). Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis remains a significant disease in many countries. Besides vaccination, transient carriage ofBordetellaspp. or other cross-reacting organisms adds to the immunity against pertussis. However, the various immunological mechanisms conferring protection remain largely unknown. In this study, paired serum samples from 464 healthy Norwegian military recruits were collected, the first at enrolment and the second about 8 months later. The prevalence of pertussis during military service was examined by comparing the paired serum samples for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seventy-eight percent of the recruits had low levels of IgG antibodies against PT in both samples. Conversely, 8.4% of the recruits demonstrated high anti-PT IgG levels in the first sample, indicative of recent pertussis prior to enrolment. One recruit experienced seroconversion, indicating pertussis during service. A subset of 248 serum samples with low, medium, and high anti-PT IgG titers were analyzed by a different ELISA kit for IgG and IgA antibodies against PT and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and for opsonophagocytic activity (OPA), for induction of C3b deposition products, and for IgG binding with liveB. pertussisas the antigen. We observed high correlations between OPA and IgG against live bacteria (r= 0.83), between OPA and IgG anti-FHA (r= 0.79), between OPA and anti-PT IgG (r= 0.68), and between OPA and C3b binding (r= 0.70) (P< 0.0001 for all). Anti-PT IgA did not correlate closely with the other assays.
Discrepancy between
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-Specific Gamma Interferon Release Assays Using Short and Prolonged In Vitro Incubation
Authors: Leyten Eliane M. S. , Arend Sandra M. , Prins Corine , Cobelens Frank G. J. , Ottenhoff Tom H. M. , van Dissel Jaap T. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The sensitivities of various gamma interferon release assays (IGRAs) for the detection of past latent
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection are not known. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of various IGRA formats and in vitro incubation periods on test outcome. The results of the tuberculin skin test (TST) were compared with those of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) test, an overnight enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), and a 6-day lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) by using the same
M. tuberculosis
-specific peptides and samples from 27 TST-positive persons with a history of exposure to
M. tuberculosis
, 4 patients cured of tuberculosis (TB), and 9 TST-negative controls. Among the TST-positive persons, the LST was more frequently positive (92%;
P
< 0.01) than either the QFT-GIT test (33%) or ELISPOT (46%). While good agreement was observed between the QFT-GIT test and ELISPOT (κ = 0.71) and between TST and LST (κ = 0.78), the agreement between TST or LST, on the one hand, and the QFT-GIT test or ELISPOT, on the other, was poor. These data indicate that the QFT-GIT test and overnight ELISPOT are less sensitive for the detection of past latent TB than the 6-day LST. The observed discrepancies between these IGRAs are most likely related to differences in incubation periods. Whether TST-positive persons with positive LST results but negative QFT-GIT and ELISPOT results are at risk for the development of TB needs to be elucidated before short-incubation IGRAs can be used for the screening of individuals for latent TB before immunosuppressive treatment.
PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of
Campylobacter jejuni
Genes Involved in Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis Identifies Putative Molecular Markers for Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Godschalk Peggy C. R. , van Belkum Alex , van den Braak Nicole , van Netten Diana , Ang C. Wim , Jacobs Bart C. , Gilbert Michel , Endtz Hubert P. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Molecular mimicry of
Campylobacter jejuni
lipooligosaccharides (LOS) by gangliosides in peripheral nerve tissue probably triggers the Guillain-Barré syndrome due to the induction of cross-reactive antibodies. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of
C. jejuni
genes involved in the biosynthesis of LOS demonstrated that specific genes were associated with the expression of ganglioside mimics and the development of neuropathy.
Identification of Medically Important
Candida
and Non-
Candida
Yeast Species by an Oligonucleotide Array
Authors: Leaw Shiang Ning , Chang Hsien Chang , Barton Richard , Bouchara Jean-Philippe , Chang Tsung Chain 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

The incidence of yeast infections has increased in the recent decades, with
Candida albicans
still being the most common cause of infections. However, infections caused by less common yeasts have been widely reported in recent years. Based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) and ITS 2 sequences of the rRNA genes, an oligonucleotide array was developed to identify 77 species of clinically relevant yeasts belonging to 16 genera. The ITS regions were amplified by PCR with a pair of fungus-specific primers, followed by hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled PCR product to a panel of oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a nylon membrane for species identification. A collection of 452 yeast strains (419 target and 33 nontarget strains) was tested, and a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97% were obtained by the array. The detection limit of the array was 10 pg of yeast genomic DNA per assay. In conclusion, yeast identification by the present method is highly reliable and can be used as an alternative to the conventional identification methods. The whole procedure can be finished within 24 h, starting from isolated colonies.
Increased Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza Viruses, Parainfluenza Viruses, and Adenoviruses with Real-Time PCR in Samples from Patients with Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: van de Pol Alma C. , van Loon Anton M. , Wolfs Tom F. W. , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Nijhuis Monique , Breteler Els Klein , Schuurman Rob , Rossen John W. A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Respiratory samples (
n
= 267) from hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms were tested by real-time PCR, viral culture, and direct immunofluorescence for respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses. Compared with conventional diagnostic tests, real-time PCR increased the diagnostic yields for these viruses from 24% to 43% and from 3.5% to 36% for children and adults, respectively.
Rapid Identification of Staphylococci Isolated in Clinical Microbiology Laboratories by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Carbonnelle Etienne , Beretti Jean-Luc , Cottyn Stéphanie , Quesne Gilles , Berche Patrick , Nassif Xavier , Ferroni Agnès 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) of intact bacteria yields a reproducible spectrum depending upon growth conditions, strain, or species. Using whole viable bacteria we describe here the application of MALDI-TOF-MS to the identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Our aim was, once a bacterium has been recognized as
Micrococcaceae
, to identify peaks in the spectrum that can be used to identify the species or subspecies. MALDI-TOF-MS was performed using bacteria obtained from one isolated colony. One reference strain for each of the 23 clinically relevant species or subspecies of
Micrococcaceae
was selected. For each reference strain, the MALDI-TOF-MS profile of 10 colonies obtained from 10 different passages was analyzed. For each strain, only peaks that were conserved in the spectra of all 10 isolated colonies and with a relative intensity above 0.1 were retained, thus leading to a set of 3 to 14 selected peaks per strain. The MALDI-TOF-MS profile of 196 tested strains was then compared with that of the set of selected peaks of each of the 23 reference strains. In all cases the best hit was with the set of peaks of the reference strain belonging to the same species as that of the tested strain, thus demonstrating that the 23 sets of selected peaks can be used as a database for the rapid species identification of CoNS. Similar results were obtained using four different growth conditions. Extending this strategy to other groups of relevant pathogenic bacteria will allow rapid bacterial identification.
Fatal Relapse of a Purulent Pleurisy Caused by
Campylobacter fetus
subsp.
fetus
Authors: Decousser Jean-Winoc , Prouzet-Mauléon Valérie , Bartizel Christine , Gin Thomas , Colin Jean-Pierre , Fadel Nicolas , Holler C. , Pollet J. , Megraud Francis 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter fetus
is associated with invasive disease, while other
Campylobacter
species, such as
C. coli
and
C. jejuni
, are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea. Bacteremia has been well described, but pleurisy remains very uncommon. We report the recurrent isolation of a
C. fetus
subsp.
fetus
strain during two episodes of pleural effusion with a fatal outcome.