bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Religious Roots of Natural Theology
Authors: Sherry Patrick 
Published: July 2007

The last few decades have seen a revival of interest among Anglo-American philosophers in natural theology, especially in what is an important part (though not the whole) of it, philosophical arguments for God’s existence. Of course, such arguments have been discussed for centuries, but the present situation contrasts strikingly with much of the twentieth century, when it was assumed by most analytic philosophers that they had been refuted definitively by Hume, Kant, and some later philosophers. There was, too, at that time opposition to the whole enterprise of natural theology in certain theological quarters, most notably, as we shall see, in Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics.No doubt discussions will move to and fro in future centuries, as they have done in past ones. My purpose now, however, is not to follow particular arguments and their counter-positions, but to suggest that there at least two good religious reasons (apart from Biblical texts like Rom. 1:19-20 and Acts 14:17) why natural theology is likely to flourish perennially: (1) behind particular arguments there are certain natural human reactions, especially wonder — not just at the beauty or intricacy of the world, but also at its very existence, at the fact that there is something rather than nothing; (2) theistic arguments are inverse forms of fundamental religious doctrines, e.g. Cosmological arguments reverse the doctrine of Creation, in that the latter claims that God brought the world into being and sustains it in being, whilst the arguments seek to infer His existence from that of the world or from some very general feature of it.
Homily at Gareth's Funeral
Authors: White Allan 
Published: July 2007

I first met Gareth thirty years ago, almost to the day. I was a guest at Quarr Abbey. I was considering on which path the Lord was leading me; he was already a monk of Quarr. It was his duty that week to serve at the guests’ table in the refectory. One day, a Friday I think, he brought in a collection of dishes that included a very unappetizing looking fish, a kind of bloater or something, and a dish of white, lumpy sauce that looked suspiciously like rice pudding. The guests eyed each other nervously while Gareth looked at us encouragingly. All of us had heard of the horrors of the monastic cuisine, so we embarked on this voyage of gastronomic discovery obediently, if not with enthusiasm. I poured the white sauce on the bloater and stoically munched my way through it. The white sauce was, of course, rice pudding. Gareth had mixed the dishes up and brought them all at the same time! The first time I was treated to his wonderful smile was when he realized his mistake and saw the rueful expression of the guests. I shall not see that smile again this side of eternity, and how it pains me.I have always thought that this first encounter said something about both of us. It showed Gareth’s flair, sense of adventure, experimentation and imagination; all qualities that he was to show to great effect in later years. It showed my docility and sense of obedience, all qualities that have been so absent from my own life ever since, as my brethren will confirm.
Gareth Moore's Radical Wittgensteinianism
Authors: Robinson Howard 
Published: July 2007

Gareth Moore arrived at Corpus to read P. P. E. about two years after I did. We soon became friends, not least because we were always the last two people at the college philosophy society, finishing off the wine. Gareth (who was then known as ‘Gary’ — a fact he later denied) claimed that in his Finals, he — G. E. Moore — was the only candidate for the new optional paper ‘Russell and Wittgenstein’. In 1969, his first year as a graduate student, he moved into 50 Abingdon Road, where I also lived. The landlady was the widow of a man who was said to have taught Edward Heath the organ. Gareth had just returned to the Church. Although we knew that he liked going on retreats to monasteries, he had not, to that point, had any religious belief.By the time Gareth came to Blackfriars, I had left Oxford to teach in Liverpool. But I kept an Oxford base for the vacations and we met regularly until the mid nineties. We were not in much contact when he was in Belgium and had just resumed normal dining and drinking engagements when he fell ill. We kept in telephone connection until his death.During our long friendship, we discussed many things, most commonly connected with religion. (My views are those of a rather conservative ‘anglo-catholic’.) But we did not often discuss philosophy. There was one reason for this. Wittgenstein is a philosopher who divides people, and Gareth was a root and branch Wittgensteinian, whereas Wittgenstein has always struck me, from first reading, as being more or less a fraud.
Expansive Naturalism and the Justification of Metaphysics in Sacramental Theology
Authors: O'Connor John D. 
Published: July 2007

A feature of much modem sacramental theology, and indeed theology in general, is a distrust of traditional metaphysical categories such as ‘cause’ and ‘effect.’ Much of the impetus for this has arisen from the critique of metaphysics instigated by Martin Heidegger, which has sought to overcome the “totalising” tendency of traditional Western thought. In the theological sphere this position has generally taken the form of regarding metaphysics as imposing a straitjacketing framework upon the intersubjective dynamic of grace and symbolic mediation.It is the aim of this article to question this critique as it appears in what is perhaps the locus classicus of the post-Heideggerian approach to sacramental theology, Louis-Marie Chauvet’s very fine book, Symbol and Sacrament. It is not the aim of this article to examine Chauvet’s sacramental theology per se, but, rather, to evaluate one of the principal motivating factors behind his theology, namely, the rejection of metaphysics. It will be argued that Chauvet’s concerns do not entail a rejection of metaphysics tout court. In addition, it will be argued that the non-reductive naturalist worldviews of modem mainstream British moral realists such as James Griffin, John McDowell and David Wiggins effectively undermine the dichotomies underpinning the rejection. This has the advantage of lessening the apparent differences between different theological camps through the establishment of a basis of common intelligibility. Although there have been other attempts to reconcile Chauvet’s theology with metaphysics, most notably with the process metaphysics of Whitehead, this article approaches the problem from a more traditional metaphysical viewpoint and thereby one more likely to command widespread agreement.
The First Issue
Authors: Kerr Fergus 
Published: July 2007

Revamped with effect from October 1964 as New Blackfriars, this journal first appeared in April 1920. We claimed then not to be ‘new’ but only The Catholic Review, ‘revived and renamed’: a quarterly that ran for several years but had to give up during the War. In 1919 Fr Bede Jarrett (1881-1934), then Prior Provincial, bought it for £40, on behalf of the English Dominican Province.Bernard Delany (1890-1959) was appointed Editor of the projected journal. He had just come from two years as an army chaplain (1917-19). As he recalled, Fr Bede wanted a review which ‘was not to be learned or theological, nor of a specifically ecclesiastical character’ (see Bernard Delany, ‘The Beginnings of “Blackfriars”’, Blackfriars 34 (1953): 308-319).The first issues were planned over lunches at Jack Straw’s Castle on Hampstead Heath. Besides Delany and Jarrett himself the editorial board consisted of Joseph Clayton and Stanley Morison, along with two other Dominicans, Fr Vincent McNabb and Fr Luke Walker.Stanley Morison (1889-1967) was to become the most distinguished British scholar of typography. At this stage, barely thirty years of age, he was working for small presses in London. He became adviser to Cambridge University Press in 1925, designed Gollancz’s famous ‘yellow jackets’, completely restyled The Times, and created the Times New Roman type-family which remains widely in use.
The Liturgy of the Hours—Are we Biologically Programmed?
Authors: Rumsey Patricia M. 
Published: July 2007

By the venerable tradition of the universal Church, Lauds as morning prayer and Vespers as evening prayer are the two hinges on which the daily Office turns: hence they are to be considered as the chief hours and celebrated as such.Lauds is designed and structured to sanctify the morning ... This Hour, recited as the light of a new day dawns, recalls the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, the true light enlightening every man.Vespers is celebrated in the evening when the day is drawing to a close ... we join with the Eastern Churches and invoke ‘blessed Jesus Christ, the Light of our Heavenly Father’s sacred and eternal glory; as the sun sets we behold the evening light and sing to God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit’.These passages from the conciliar and post-conciliar documents of Vatican II make emphatically clear the Church’s tradition of prayer at the beginning and ending of the day, and connect this tradition with dawn, the rising light of the new day, and dusk, the waning light of the evening. In the Church’s tradition of prayer, these two Hours are given a Christological significance: Lauds recalls the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, and Vespers commemorates his death and burial. This paper looks at the biological as well as the liturgical rhythms involved in praying at dawn and dusk, and invokes a sacramental understanding of time, which was common throughout earlier ages, but has been lost in more recent times. It then examines the custom of prayer at dawn and dusk in other religious traditions besides Christianity and collates all this evidence to ask if there is any justification for arguing that human beings are biologically programmed for such activity.
Was Peter the First Bishop of Rome?
Authors: Sobrino Oswald 
Published: July 2007

The question of whether Peter was indeed the first bishop of Rome has recently gained popular prominence in the United States due to the best seller by historian and papal critic Garry Wills who vigorously dismisses the entire idea as myth. Although simplistically and sensationally presented, Wills’ thesis relies on the view of many, albeit more subtle, critical scholars that Peter could not have been a bishop at Rome because there were no bishops in Rome until the middle of the second century A.D. Several years ago, David Albert Jones O.P., challenged in this journal this common view of episcopacy in the first century. One scholar, Francis Sullivan S.J., recently responded specifically to Jones’ challenge by reaffirming the apparent majority view. This article will briefly refer to Sullivan’s critique of Jones, and will present in a new light the New Testament evidence showing that Jones’ questioning of the reigning critical view is indeed well-founded and long overdue.The heart of Jones’ challenge is highlighting the flawed assumptions underlying the reasoning used to deny a first century episcopate: 1) the ideological tendency to view apostolic ministry as “free, loose, inspired and lay” while seeing “the emergence of clerical forms as a fall from primitive innocence” (Jones, p. 142); and 2) the denial of the existence of a first century episcopate based on the alleged silence of early documents. In essence, Jones rightly detects a pervasive bias in the critical literature against developed church structure as somehow contaminating the springtime of apostolic Christianity.
Mesure de l'efficacitééconomique des modes de faire valoir au Brésil
Authors: Araujo Claudio , Bonjean Catherine Araujo 
Published: July 2007

L'objet de cet article est de tester économétriquement l'efficacité des différents modes de faire valoir rencontrés au Brésil. À cettefin, nous utilisons une mesure de l'eficacitééconomique des exploitations dérivée d'un modèle de frontière de profit stochastique dans lequel la variable d'efficacité dépend du mode de faire valoir et de l'investissement dans la conservation et l'amélioration de la terre. Les résultats montrent que le métayage est un contrat inefficace dont l'existence peut s'expliquer par une gestion plus soucieuse de la conservation et de l'amélioration du capital d'exploitation que dans le cadre du fermage. Les résultats permettent aussi d'opposer les exploitations des différentes régions du Brésil en fonction de leur degré d'efficacité et de la viabilitéà long terme des systkmes productifs. L'étude porte sur un écchantillon de données de panel, agrégées au niveau des États brésiliens. The purpose of this paper is to test econometrically the efficiency of different tendril patterns in Brazil. We use a measure of farm economic efficiency derived from a stochastic profit function in which the efficiency variable depends on the tenurial contract and on the investment in conservation and land improvement. The results show that sharecropping is an inefficient contract the existence of which may be explained by a type of management that is more concerned with conservation and enhancing of the farming capital than within the framework of a fied‐rent contract. The results also allow us to compare the farms of different regions in Brazil in terms of their efficiency level and the long‐term viability of their systems of production. The study bears on n sample of panel data aggregated at the level of Brazilian states.
Managed Trade in Non‐traditional Products: Emerging Issues for Canada's Specialised Livestock Sectors
Authors: Hobbs Jill E. , Ken William A. 
Published: July 2007

The specialised livestock industry is poised for excellent growth and development in both Saskatchewan and Canada. … Specialised livestock have the potential to meet market demands in other parts of the world as well as local opportunities for healthy and exotic foods. (Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food, 2000).… there are now 4000 deer farms in New Zealand. They are running 1.8 million animals, in a country somewhat smaller than Saskatchewan! (Haigh 2000).There are domestic and export markets for venison and export offers the best returns. Over 80% of Australian‐produced venison is now exported … They are large markets with limited Australian market penetration because of the current small size of our industry and our inability to provide the volume required (Mackay 2000).…the behaviour of new enterprises follow a very predictable pattern. Unfortunately, despite the highly predictable nature of these issues and problems, the same mistakes are made over and over (McKinna 1999).
Optimal Generic Advertising with a Rationed Related Good: The Case of Canadian Beef and Chicken Markets
Authors: Cranfield J. A. L. 
Published: July 2007

An optimal advertising rule is derived for a good sold in an open market (beef) when a related substitute good (chicken) is production rationed and whose imports are subject to trade restrictions. Such a rule is developed using a multi‐market equilibrium displacement model that reflects demand interrelatedness, open trade of the advertised good (beef), with rationed production and restricted trade of the related good (chicken). The optimal rule nests earlier optimal advertising rules under a variety of conditions. Results underscore the importance of accounting for cross‐product advertising effects. When these effects are present (absent), the optimal generic beef advertising intensity in Canada is shown to fall (rise) with elimination of supply management in Canada's chicken sector.L'auteur dérive une règie sur l'optimisation de la publicité pour un produit vendu sur un marché libre (bœuf) en présence d'un produit de substitution rationné dont on restreint les importations. Pour parvenir à une telle règie, l'auteur a utilisé un modèle de déplacement du point d'équilibre sur un marché multiple illustrant les liens entre la demande des produits concernés, le libre‐échange du produit faisant l'objet de la publicité (bœuf) et la restriction de la production et des importations du produit apparenté (poulet). La règie d'optimisation englobe les règles antérieures sur l'optimisation de la publicité dans diverses situations. Les résultats soulignent qu'il est important de prendre en compte les retombées de la publicité sur les autres produits. Au Canada, en présence (absence) de telles retombées, le degré optimal de publicité générique sur le bœuf diminue (augmente) avec l'abolition de la gestion de l'offre de poulet.
Estimating the Implicit Prices of Beef Cattle Attributes: A Case from Alberta
Authors: Walburger Allan M. 
Published: July 2007

Pressures on beef producers to provide lean beef of consistent quality have been mounting in recent years. Yet this requires beef breeders to alter and broaden cattle improvement objectives to include carcass merit traits. They need information on heritability and the values associated with genetic traits in order to effectively do this. This study estimates the implicit prices in east‐central Alberta, Canada, for bull attributes using a hedonic pricing model. The results indicate that the most important bull attributes to buyers (breeders) in this region are sale weight, birth weight and scrotal circumference. Also important are ribeye area and average daily gain. Selection of these attributes conforms with expectations because they are moderately to highly heritable and are associated with improved fertility and reproduction, reduced production costs and higher returns. In addition, the results suggest that breeders have been changing selection emphasis away from reproduction traits and toward carcass traits associated with improved production efficiency and consumer demand.Depuis quelques années, les producteurs subissent des pressions grandissantes pour fournir du bœuf maigre de qualité uniforme. Ces pressions contraignent les éleveurs à modifier et àélargir leurs objectifs d'hybridation en y incluant les caractères génétiques qui codent les paramètres de la carcasse. Pour y arriver, les éleveurs ont besoin de renseignements sur l'héritabilité et la valeur des caractères en question. Dans cet article, le prix implicite des attributs des taureaux dans le centre‐est de l'Alberta est estimé selon un modèle hédoniste. Les attributs les plus importants pour les acheteurs (éleveurs) de la région sont le poids à la vente, le poids à la mise bas et la circonférence du scrotum. Comptent aussi pour beaucoup la surface du faux‐filet et le gain quotidien moyen. La sélection de tels attributs est conforme aux prévisions, car il s'agit de caractères très héréditaires qu'on relie à une fertilité accrue et de meilleures aptitudes à la reproduction, done à une réduction des coûts d'élevage et à un rendement plus élevé. Par ailleurs, les résultats de l'analyse laissent croire que les éleveurs ont réorienté leurs programmes de sélection, laissant de côté les aptitudes à la reproduction pour les paramètres de la carcasse associés à un meilleure productivité et à la demande des consommateurs.
Influence of concurrent exercise or nutrition countermeasures on thigh and calf muscle size and function during 60 days of bed rest in women
Authors: Trappe T. A. , Burd N. A. , Louis E. S. , Lee G. A. , Trappe S. W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAim:  The goal of this investigation was to test specific exercise and nutrition countermeasures to lower limb skeletal muscle volume and strength losses during 60 days of simulated weightlessness (6° head‐down‐tilt bed rest).Methods:  Twenty‐four women underwent bed rest only (BR, n = 8), bed rest and a concurrent exercise training countermeasure (thigh and calf resistance training and aerobic treadmill training; BRE, n = 8), or bed rest and a nutrition countermeasure (a leucine‐enriched high protein diet; BRN, n = 8).Results:  Thigh (quadriceps femoris) muscle volume was decreased (P < 0.05) in BR (−21 ± 1%) and BRN (−24 ± 2%), with BRN losing more (P < 0.05) than BR. BRE maintained (P > 0.05) thigh muscle volume. Calf (triceps surae) muscle volume was decreased (P < 0.05) to a similar extent (P > 0.05) in BR (−29 ± 1%) and BRN (−28 ± 1%), and this decrease was attenuated (P < 0.05) in BRE (−8 ± 2%). BR and BRN experienced large (P < 0.05) and similar (P > 0.05) decreases in isometric and dynamic (concentric force, eccentric force, power and work) muscle strength for supine squat (−19 to −33%) and calf press (−26 to −46%). BRE maintained (P > 0.05) or increased (P < 0.05) all measures of muscle strength.Conclusion:  The nutrition countermeasure was not effective in offsetting lower limb muscle volume or strength loss, and actually promoted thigh muscle volume loss. The concurrent aerobic and resistance exercise protocol was effective at preventing thigh muscle volume loss, and thigh and calf muscle strength loss. While the exercise protocol offset ∼75% of the calf muscle volume loss, modification of this regimen is needed.
Ethnic and Racial Segregation: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Phillips Deborah 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis review adopts a critical perspective on geographical research on ethnic and racial segregation. It seeks to address four key questions. First, how can we conceptualize ethnic and racial segregation and what are the implications for geographical research? Second, how can we best measure ethnic and racial segregation? Questions about the politics of data collection, categorization and representation are addressed. Third, what does ethnic and racial segregation mean? The article examines the different forces underlying clustering and the way in which levels of segregation have become an indicator of migrant integration. Finally, the article reflects on how statistics and visual representations of minority ethnic segregation might be used in the political and policy sphere. It concludes that a critical perspective on ethnic and racial segregation requires us to acknowledge the gaps and silences in the data produced and the complexity, and often value‐laden nature, of our interpretations.
Monoclonal antibody fluorescence for routine lymphocyte subpopulation analysis with the Abbott CELL‐DYN Sapphire haematology analyser
Authors: MOLERO T. , LEMES A. , DE LA IGLESIA S. , SCOTT C. S. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryUsing previously described procedures, this study quantified T‐cell, T‐cell subset, B‐cell and NK‐cell populations with the CD‐Sapphire haematology analyser in a series of patients with mild to moderate lymphocytosis. Lymphocyte counts ranged from 6.0 to 14.9 × 109/l, with 86/97 being <10.0 × 109/l. Immunophenotyping (CD3/CD19/HLA‐DR, CD4/CD8 and CD16/CD56 combinations) was performed using EDTA‐anticoagulated blood, automated CD‐Sapphire analysis and subsequent software processing. Of 35 samples from younger (<12 years) patients, 22 (63%) had nonspecific lymphocyte changes, 4 (11%) showed specific increases in nonreactive T‐Helper or T‐Suppressor cells, and five showed a reactive T‐cell lymphocytosis. The remaining four were classified as ‘Transient/Persistent NK‐associated (NKa) Expansion’ (n = 3) and specific B‐cell lymphocytosis (n = 1). For older patients (n = 59), 15 (25%) had an increase (>1.5 × 109/l) in B‐cells, and seven investigated for surface immunoglobulin expression were all found to be clonal. The remaining samples were categorized as ‘Transient/Persistent NK‐associated (NKa) Expansion’ (13/59), Reactive Lymphocytosis (5/59), ‘Reactive Lymphocytosis or Transient/Persistent NKa Expansion’ (8/59), specific T‐Helper cell (n = 8) or T‐Suppressor cell (n = 3) lymphocytosis, and ‘Lymphocytosis of Undetermined Significance’ (n = 7). This study has demonstrated the feasibility of applying limited immunophenotyping protocols to the investigation of patients with abnormal lymphocyte counts in routine haematology. By using commercially purchased liquid monoclonal reagents to determine lymphocyte subpopulation profiles, haematology laboratories can provide more definitive information of potential clinical importance.