bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of fluorescent singlet oxygen probes in plant leaves
Authors: Hideg Éva 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Four fluorescent singlet oxygen sensors: DanePy, its oxalate salt, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green and MVP, were infiltrated into tobacco leaves and tested for toxicity, subcellular localization, light sensitivity and capacity to trap the singlet oxygen produced in photoinhibition. For reference, a broad sensitivity free radical probe, TEMPO-9-AC, was also included. Photochemical yield was approximately 15% and 10% inhibited by Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green and MVP, respectively, but was not significantly affected by the other probes. Under photoinhibitory conditions, brought about by irradiating lincomycin-treated leaves with strong photosynthetically active radiation, DanePy and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green were responsive. Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green was also reactive to low, non-photoinhibitory light exposure of the leaf, which was not characteristic to the other probes. MVP did not respond to singlet oxygen which can partly be explained by a possible attenuation of its blue emission in the leaf, as shown by the example TEMPO-9-AC. DanePy-oxalate did not respond to photosynthetic singlet oxygen due to lack of its penetration into photosynthetic tissue and hence could be useful in detecting any singlet oxygen which escapes from a chloroplast initiation site. DanePy was localized in the chloroplasts, while Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green was mainly found in the epidermal cells preferentially associated with the nucleus.
Changes in Use of Hepatitis C Direct-Acting Antivirals After Access Restrictions Were Eased by State Medicaid Programs
Authors: Davey Sonya , Costello Kevin , Russo Massimiliano , Davies Suzanne , Lalani Hussain S. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceDirect-acting antivirals (DAAs) are safe and highly effective for curing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but their high cost led certain state Medicaid programs to impose coverage restrictions. Since 2015, many of these restrictions have been lifted voluntarily in response to advocacy or because of litigation.ObjectiveTo estimate how the prescribing of DAAs to Medicaid patients changed after states eased access restrictions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis modified difference-in-differences analysis of 39 state Medicaid programs included Medicaid beneficiaries who were prescribed a DAA from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. DAA coverage restrictions were measured based on a series of cross-sectional assessments performed from 2014 through 2022 by the US National Viral Hepatitis Roundtable and the Center for Health Law and Policy Innovation.ExposureCalendar quarter when states eased or eliminated 3 types of DAA coverage restrictions: limiting treatment to patients with severe liver disease, restricting use among patients with active substance use, and requiring prescriptions to be written by or in consultation with specialists. States with none of these restrictions at baseline were excluded.Main Outcomes and MeasuresQuarterly number of HCV DAA treatment courses per 100 000 Medicaid beneficiaries.ResultsOf 39 states, 7 (18%) eliminated coverage restrictions, 25 (64%) eased restrictions, and 7 (18%) maintained the same restrictions from 2015 to 2019. During this period, the average quarterly use of DAAs increased from 669 to 3601 treatment courses per 100 000 Medicaid beneficiaries. After states eased or eliminated restrictions, the use of DAAs increased by 966 (95% CI, 409-1523) treatment courses per 100 000 Medicaid beneficiaries each quarter compared with states that did not ease or eliminate restrictions.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study suggest that there was greater use of DAAs after states relaxed coverage restrictions related to liver disease severity, sobriety, or prescriber specialty. Further reductions or elimination of these rules may improve access to a highly effective public health intervention for patients with HCV.
Gelehrte als Identifikationsfiguren? Vom Umgang mit fachkultureller Erinnerung in medizinischen Fächern
Authors: Krischel Matthis , Nebe Julia , Baumann Timo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, the authors examine the circumstances under which scholars can become effective figures of identification in medicine, after whom prizes or institutions are named – and under which circumstances scholars cannot or can no longer fulfill such a role. Trends and changes in professional cultural memory are examined, illustrated by the biographies and receptions of the human geneticist Hans Nachtsheim, the circulatory researcher Rudolf Thauer, the urologist Dora Teleky as well as the dentists Karl Häupl and Elsbeth von Schnizer. This study shows that the evaluation criteria themselves are historically changeable and that gender is an important influencing factor. While formal criteria (e. g., membership in parties and organizations) have traditionally been important evaluation criteria, the authors advocate that actions in research and clinical practice be given even greater attention in the future.
Consanguineous couple with SDHD gene mutations: Diagnosis, treatment, and implications of family genetic testing
Authors: Braegelmann Johanna , Mathew Annie , Führer‐Sakel Dagmar , Lahner Harald 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessagesThe newly published clinical consensus guideline on the management of PGL/PCC is helpful for decision‐making for diagnostics and treatment. Still, the treatment of patients with SDHD gene mutations requires an individual approach and those patients belong to multiprofessional teams. It is often assumed that spouses are genetically unrelated. However, the genetic relationships between spouses should always be examined empathetically and impartially.
Streptococcus gordonii‐associated infective endocarditis: Case series, literature review, and genetic study
Authors: Ali Gawahir A. , Pérez‐López Andrés , Tsui Clement , Shunnar Khalid , Sharma Anju , Ibrahim Emad B. , Tang Patrick , Alsoub Hussam , Goravey Wael 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageStreptococcus gordonii‐associated endocarditis is a rare occurrence, raising diagnostic challenges, and is often associated with considerable morbidity. However, vigilance can prevent devastating consequences.AbstractStreptococcus gordonii‐associated endocarditis is rarely reported but often associated with considerable morbidity. We describe three cases of infective endocarditis caused by S. gordonii during a four‐week period in 2023, and the use of whole‐genome sequencing to determine whether these isolates were genetically related. The available literature was reviewed.
Covalent Organic Frameworks for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Designing Strategies
Authors: Yang Shuai , Li Xuewen , Fei Shiyuan , Xu Qing , Jiang Zheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging crystalline polymer that is constructed by the organic blocks through reversible polymerization. In this review, we have summarized the strategies for designing covalent organic frameworks for the oxygen reduction reaction. The discussion involved the new structural design of COFs and modifications fitting to the applications. Active sites manipulated scale from the single atom‘s electron states to the body framework arrangements. This review has anticipated the researchers to enlighten new ORR catalyst designing and optimization.
Career education and development scale for secondary and tertiary students in Vietnam
Authors: McCowan Col , McIlveen Peter , McLennan Brad , Ho Phoenix , Lê Đào Anh Khương , Tran Ngoc Diep 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article reports on the measurement properties of the Vietnamese versions of the Career Education and Development Scale‐Senior and the Career Education and Development Scale‐Tertiary. The International Labour Organization Vietnam facilitated collection of data from students in high schools (N = 1463) and universities (N = 645) who completed these new measures along with comparator measures of self‐efficacy and career‐related beliefs, and expectations. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed an eight‐factor model equivalent for high school and university students. Correlations with comparator measures provide evidence of concurrent validity. These new measures of career preparedness support Vietnam's national efforts to advance career development, research, and practice. Future research recommendations focus on testing the measures’ properties across different sociocultural factors and gender.
Activating the Intrinsic Zincophilicity of PAM Hydrogel to Stabilize the Metal‐Electrolyte Dynamic Interface for Stable and Long‐Life Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Qingyuan , Liu Yumeng , Zhang Zidong , Cai Peng , Li Haomiao , Zhou Min , Wang Wei , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs a potential material to solve rampant dendrites and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) problem of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMB), hydrogel electrolytes usually require additional additives or multi‐molecular network strategies to solve existing problems of ionic conductivity, mechanical properties and interface stability. However, the intrinsic zincophilic properties of the gel itself are widely neglected leading to the addition of additional molecules and the complexity of the preparation process. In this work, we innovatively utilize the characteristics of acrylamide‘s high zincophilic group density, activating the intrinsic zincophilic properties of PAM gel through a simple concentration control strategy which reconstructs a novel zinc‐electrolyte interface different from conventional PAM electrolyte. The activated novel gel electrolyte with intrinsic zincophilic properties has high ionic conductivity and effectively suppresses water activity, thereby inhibiting HER corrosion. Meanwhile, it induces uniform deposition of (002) crystal planes, leading to excellent deposition kinetics and long cycle life, thereby ensuring high interfacial stability. Compared with conventional PAM gel electrolytes, the activated zincophilic group‐rich hydrogel maintained excellent cycling stability (1 mA/cm2, 1 mAh/cm2) over 2250 hours; The Zn//MnO₂ coin cell using novel zincophilic group ‐rich hydrogel still retains a high specific capacity of more than 170 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g after 1000 cycles.
Effects of an entomopathogenic fungus on the reproductive potential of Drosophila males
Authors: Liao Aijuan , Cavigliasso Fanny , Savary Loriane , Kawecki Tadeusz J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile mortality is often the primary focus of pathogen virulence, non‐lethal consequences, particularly for male reproductive fitness, are less understood; however, they are essential for understanding how sexual selection contributes to promoting resistance. We investigated how the fungal pathogen Metarhizium brunneum affects mating ability, fertility, and seminal fluid protein (SFP) expression of male Drosophila melanogaster paired with highly receptive virgin females in non‐competitive settings. Depending on sex and dose, there was a 3–6‐day incubation period after infection, followed by an abrupt onset of mortality. Meanwhile, the immune response was strongly induced already 38 h after infection and continued to increase as infection progressed. Latency to mate somewhat increased during the incubation period compared to sham‐treated males, but even on Day 5 post infection >90% of infected males mated within 2 h. During the incubation period, M. brunneum infection reduced male reproductive potential (the number of offspring sired without mate limitation) by 11%, with no clear increase over time. Approaching the end of the incubation period, infected males had lower ability to convert number of mating opportunities into number of offspring. After repeated mating, infected males had lower SFP expression than sham controls, more so in males that mated with few mates 24 h earlier. Overall, despite strong activation of the immune response, males' mating ability and fertility remained surprisingly little affected by the fungal infection, even shortly before the onset of mortality. This suggests that the selection for resistance acts mainly through mortality, and the scope for fertility selection to enhance resistance in non‐competing settings is rather limited.
Increased Yangtze finless porpoise presence in urban Wuhan waters of the Yangtze River during fishing closures
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Tao , Duan Peng‐Xiang , Akamatsu Tomonari , Wang Ke‐Xiong , Wang Ding 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWuhan, a highly urbanized and rapidly growing region within China's Yangtze Economic Zone, has historically been identified as a gap area for the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) based on daytime visual surveys. However, there has been a noticeable increase in porpoise sightings since 2020. This study employed passive acoustic monitoring to investigate porpoise distribution in Wuhan between 2020 and 2022. Generalized linear models were used to explore the relationship between shipping, hydrological patterns, light intensity, and porpoise biosonar activity. Over 603 days of effective monitoring, the daily positive rate for porpoise biosonar detection reached 43%, with feeding‐related buzz signals accounting for 55% of all porpoise biosonar signals. However, the proportion of minutes during which porpoise presence was detected was 0.18%, suggesting that while porpoises may frequent the area, their visits were brief and mainly focused on feeding. A significant temporal trend emerged, showing higher porpoise biosonar detection during winter (especially in February) and 2022. Additionally, periods without boat traffic correlated with increased porpoise activity. Hydrological conditions and light levels exhibited significant negative correlations with porpoise activity. Specifically, porpoise sonar detections were notably higher during the night, twilight, and new moon phases. It is highly conceivable that both fishing bans and COVID‐19 pandemic‐related lockdowns contributed to the heightened presence of porpoises in Wuhan. The rapid development of municipal transportation and shipping in Wuhan and resulting underwater noise pollution have emerged as a significant threat to the local porpoise population. Accordingly, it is imperative for regulatory bodies to effectively address this environmental stressor and formulate targeted protection measures to ensure the conservation of the finless porpoise.
Governing AI, governing climate change?
Authors: Nost Eric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThose concerned with climate governance will want to keep watching what is happening in AI governance. Far from unrelated, the two parallel one another in terms of how fractions of capital—whether within fossil fuel or tech sectors—call for legislating in the face of crisis or for voluntary pledges. In truth, both may be said to be forms of self‐governance. Climate and AI intersect firstly in how they are imagined: dominant climate and AI discourses are both symptoms of Anthropocene thinking and ‘capitalist realism’. They also intersect in as much as ‘AI for Good’ initiatives propose that AI is ethical because it can help to address climate change. What seems missing, however, is any consideration of this climate AI as a procedure—is its knowledge valid, what knowledges does it displace or exclude, what biases are reproduced?—and consideration for its consequences, including harms. Does it actually result in climate mitigation and/or adaptation in a given context? What ‘maladaptive’ outcomes might it drive? What alternatives does it foreclose? These sorts of questions are ones where geographers will continue to have a lot to say.
Bank leverage and systemic risk: Impact of bank risk‐taking and inter‐bank business
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Zhang Wenzhe , Lee Chien‐Chiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to prevent and resolve systemic risk more effectively through deleveraging policy, this research takes China A‐share listed commercial banks from 2011 to 2021 as samples, calculates the systemic risk spillover through the conditional value at risk model, re‐estimates the leverage ratio with reference to the “Administration Measures for the Leverage Ratio of Commercial Banks (revised)”, and evaluates the influence of the leverage ratio on systemic risk. The results show that a high leverage ratio increases systemic risk spillover, and under this increase state‐owned commercial banks have the greatest contribution. Further research presents that a better leverage ratio enhances the systemic risk spillover by improving bank risk‐taking and encouraging inter‐bank business expansion. In addition, over different periods of economic development the influence of the leverage ratio on systemic risk exudes different characteristics. During an economic upswing, the leverage ratio's impact on systemic risk significantly drops.
Youth involvement in serious physical violence and political violence: Similarities and differences in risk factors
Authors: Khoury‐Kassabri Mona , Hasisi Badi , Itskovich Eran 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionYouth involvement in violence and delinquency has received widespread attention in the literature. However, little is known about youth involvement in political violence, especially among youth who live in conflict areas. The current study examined the mechanisms that underlie youth involvement in serious physical and political violence. We explored the similarities and differences in the association between both individual factors (including religiosity and school commitment) and parental factors (including parental control and education), and the two types of violent behaviors.MethodA large representative sample of 814 Arab male students from neighborhoods located in East Jerusalem, aged 12–18 years, completed a structured, anonymous, self‐report questionnaire. The data was collected between February and May 2019.ResultsOver half of the participants reported that they had been involved in political violence (55.1%) or serious physical violence (58.8%) during the previous year. Youth involvement in serious physical violence was positively associated with involvement in political violence. Furthermore, we found that greater parental control and lower impulsivity are associated with lower levels of political and physical violence. School commitment was associated negatively with serious physical violence but not with involvement in political violence. Youth work was positively correlated with involvement in political violence but not in serious physical violence.ConclusionThe results of the current study show that Arab youth from East Jerusalem are highly involved in political and serious physical violence. The risk and protective factors identified here should inform the design of specific intervention strategies.
Relationship between precipitation and cloud properties in different regions of Southwest China
Authors: Wang Yuting , Zhao Pengguo , Zhao Chuanfeng , Xiao Hui , Mo Shuying , Yuan Liang , Wei Chengqiang , Zhou Yunjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe relationship between precipitation and cloud properties in Southwest China are investigated by using the CLARA‐A2 cloud parameters data and TRMM‐3B43 precipitation data from 1998 to 2015. Ice water path (IWP) and cloud top height (CTH) are significantly and positively correlated with precipitation in all regions, indicating that ice‐phase processes and cloud development processes are the critical processes influencing precipitation. Precipitation is also directly associated with cloud fractional coverage (CFC) due to the significant positive correlation between CFC and precipitation in all regions except the Sichuan Basin (SCB). A positive correlation between liquid water path (LWP) and precipitation is found in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) and Yunnan‐Kweichow Plateau (YKP), but not in the Western Tibetan Plateau (WTP) and SCB. Notably, the response of precipitation to LWP is not as good as that to IWP in SCB. Precipitation is significantly negatively correlated with ice effective radius (IREF) in WTP and ETP and positively correlated with liquid effective radius (LREF) in ETP, YKP and SCB. IREF and LREF are closely related to cloud microphysical processes. Specifically, small IREF could accelerate the Bergeron process and thus increase precipitation, while large LREF is closely related to the cloud droplets coalescence process. Results indicate that the difference in precipitation between the cold and warm seasons is related to convective available potential energy (CAPE) and low troposphere relative humidity (RH). High CAPE and RH favour the precipitation occurrence in Southwest China. The influence of CAPE and RH on precipitation is more significant in the ETP than that in the WTP, owing to the orographic lifting and moisture transport from the Indian Ocean. Thermodynamic and humidity conditions have a greater impact on precipitation by influencing LREF, LWP and IWP in YKP. In SCB, precipitation shows a strong dependence on CAPE, IWP and LREF, but not on RH.
Intervertebral disc microbiome in Modic changes: Lack of result replication underscores the need for a consensus in low‐biomass microbiome analysis
Authors: Mengis Tamara , Zajac Natalia , Bernhard Laura , Heggli Irina , Herger Nick , Devan Jan , Marcus Roy , Brunner Florian , Laux Christoph , Farshad Mazda , Distler Oliver , Dudli Stefan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe emerging field of the disc microbiome challenges traditional views of disc sterility, which opens new avenues for novel clinical insights. However, the lack of methodological consensus in disc microbiome studies introduces discrepancies. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the disc microbiome of non‐Modic (nonMC), Modic type 1 change (MC1), and MC2 discs to findings from prior disc microbiome studies, and (2) investigate if discrepancies to prior studies can be explained with bioinformatic variations.MethodsSequencing of 16S rRNA in 70 discs (24 nonMC, 25 MC1, and 21 MC2) for microbiome profiling. The experimental setup included buffer contamination controls and was performed under aseptic conditions. Methodology and results were contrasted with previous disc microbiome studies. Critical bioinformatic steps that were different in our best‐practice approach and previous disc microbiome studies (taxonomic lineage assignment, prevalence cut‐off) were varied and their effect on results were compared.ResultsThere was limited overlap of results with a previous study on MC disc microbiome. No bacterial genera were shared using the same bioinformatic parameters. Taxonomic lineage assignment using “amplicon sequencing variants” was more sensitive and detected 48 genera compared to 22 with “operational taxonomic units” (previous study). Increasing filter cut‐off from 4% to 50% (previous study) reduced genera from 48 to 4 genera. Despite these differences, both studies observed dysbiosis with an increased abundance of gram‐negative bacteria in MC discs as well as a lower beta‐diversity. Cutibacterium was persistently detected in all groups independent of the bioinformatic approach, emphasizing its prevalence.ConclusionThere is dysbiosis in MC discs. Bioinformatic parameters impact results yet cannot explain the different findings from this and a previous study. Therefore, discrepancies are likely caused by different sample preparations or true biologic differences. Harmonized protocols are required to advance understanding of the disc microbiome and its clinical implications.