bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How orientation training socializes newcomers: The mediating role of learning in reducing turnover and boosting performance among new salespersons
Authors: Xie Di , Zong Zhaobiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrientation training plays a crucial role in the process of newcomer socialization by equipping employees with the knowledge, abilities, and skills necessary for success in a new work setting. However, relatively few studies have investigated orientation training from a socialization perspective and addressed its underlying mechanisms. To address this issue, we developed a model to elucidate the socialization process of newly hired salespersons undergoing skill‐based orientation training. The model includes training reactions, two learning outcomes (learning engagement and skill acquisition), as well as two distal socialization outcomes (retention status and annual sales performance). Using a one‐year multiperiod design, we conducted a multilevel analysis on data of 1184 new salesperson records nested in 37 off‐site classes, which was obtained from a US pharmaceutical company operating in China. The results revealed that newcomers' reactions to orientation training were positively associated with their learning engagement and skill acquisition, which in turn resulted in a higher newcomer retention ratio. Furthermore, skill acquisition was found to be a significant mediator between training reactions and newcomers' annual sales performance. By combining self‐report, trainer‐report and objective indicators, this study provides a new and compelling evidence on how orientation training accelerates newcomer socialization success.
Differing industrial relations: The public and the private sector in Germany
Authors: Schmidt Werner , Müller Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article argues that industrial relations (IR) in the German public sector are not just a replica of private sector IR. It suggests that neither the structures, nor the outcomes can be sufficiently explained by derivation from private sector IR processes. Primarily, the specifics and developments of the public sector explain public sector IR. It is of fundamental importance whether trade unions operate in a profit‐driven market environment or a publicly financed environment that is under public control. Differences between the public and the private sector result not least in the distinct relevance and meanings of trade union power resources. This influences the ways in which industrial action in the private and the public sector works and is relevant for trade union strategies.
Identification of a new gregarine parasite associated with mass mortality events of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Sweden
Authors: Alfjorden Anders , Onut‐Brännström Ioana , Wengström Niklas , Kristmundsson Arni , Jamy Mahwash , Persson B. David , Burki Fabien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFreshwater bivalves play key ecological roles in lakes and rivers, largely contributing to healthy ecosystems. The freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera, is found in Europe and on the East coast of North America. Once common in oxygenated streams, M. margaritifera is rapidly declining and consequently assessed as a threatened species worldwide. Deterioration of water quality has been considered the main factor for the mass mortality events affecting this species. Yet, the role of parasitic infections has not been investigated. Here, we report the discovery of three novel protist lineages found in Swedish populations of M. margaritifera belonging to one of the terrestrial groups of gregarines (Eugregarinorida, Apicomplexa). These lineages are closely related–but clearly separated–from the tadpole parasite Nematopsis temporariae. In one lineage, which is specifically associated with mortality events of M. margaritifera, we found cysts containing single vermiform zoites in the gills and other organs of diseased individuals using microscopy and in situ hybridization. This represents the first report of a parasitic infection in M. margaritifera that may be linked to the decline of this mussel species. We propose a tentative life cycle with the distribution of different developmental stages and potential exit from the host into the environment.
The OsWRKY72–OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module mediates reactive oxygen species scavenging to drive heterosis for salt tolerance in hybrid rice
Authors: Liu Citao , Mao Bigang , Zhang Yanxia , tian Lei , Ma Biao , Chen Zhuo , Wei Zhongwei , Li Aifu , Shao Ye , Cheng Gongye , Li Lingling , Li Wenyu , Zhang Di , Ding Xiaoping , Peng Jiangxiang , Peng Yulin , He Jiwai , Ye Nenghui , Yuan Dingyang , Chu Chengcai , Duan Meijuan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTHybrid rice (Oryza sativa) generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance, a phenomenon termed heterosis, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we combined transcriptome, proteome, physiological, and heterosis analyses to examine the salt response of super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000 (CY1000). In addition to surpassing the mean values for its two parents (mid‐parent heterosis), CY1000 exhibited a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability than both its parents (over‐parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis). Nonadditive expression and allele‐specific gene expression assays showed that the glutathione S‐transferase gene OsGSTU26 and the amino acid transporter gene OsAAT30 may have major roles in heterosis for salt tolerance, acting in an overdominant fashion in CY1000. Furthermore, we identified OsWRKY72 as a common transcription factor that binds and regulates OsGSTU26 and OsAAT30. The salt‐sensitive phenotypes were associated with the OsWRKY72paternal genotype or the OsAAT30maternal genotype in core rice germplasm varieties. OsWRKY72paternal specifically repressed the expression of OsGSTU26 under salt stress, leading to salinity sensitivity, while OsWRKY72maternal specifically repressed OsAAT30, resulting in salinity tolerance. These results suggest that the OsWRKY72–OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module may play an important role in heterosis for salt tolerance in an overdominant fashion in CY1000 hybrid rice, providing valuable clues to elucidate the mechanism of heterosis for salinity tolerance in hybrid rice.
Potassium transporter OsHAK9 regulates seed germination under salt stress by preventing gibberellin degradation through mediating OsGA2ox7 in rice
Authors: Zeng Peng , Xie Ting , Shen Jiaxin , Liang Taokai , Yin Lu , Liu Kexin , He Ying , Chen Mingming , Tang Haijuan , Chen Sunlu , Shabala Sergey , Zhang Hongsheng , Cheng Jinping 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTSoil salinity has a major impact on rice seed germination, severely limiting rice production. Herein, a rice germination defective mutant under salt stress (gdss) was identified by using chemical mutagenesis. The GDSS gene was detected via MutMap and shown to encode potassium transporter OsHAK9. Phenotypic analysis of complementation and mutant lines demonstrated that OsHAK9 was an essential regulator responsible for seed germination under salt stress. OsHAK9 is highly expressed in germinating seed embryos. Ion contents and non‐invasive micro‐test technology results showed that OsHAK9 restricted K+ efflux in salt‐exposed germinating seeds for the balance of K+/Na+. Disruption of OsHAK9 significantly reduced gibberellin 4 (GA4) levels, and the germination defective phenotype of oshak9a was partly rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment under salt stress. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the disruption of OsHAK9 improved the GA‐deactivated gene OsGA2ox7 expression in germinating seeds under salt stress, and the expression of OsGA2ox7 was significantly inhibited by salt stress. Null mutants of OsGA2ox7 created using clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 approach displayed a dramatically increased seed germination ability under salt stress. Overall, our results highlight that OsHAK9 regulates seed germination performance under salt stress involving preventing GA degradation by mediating OsGA2ox7, which provides a novel clue about the relationship between GA and OsHAKs in rice.
Flexural properties and fatigue limit of 3D‐printed and milled resin‐based materials
Authors: Sartori Neimar , Sanchez Said Arturo , Oliveira Dayane , Hosney Sherif , Zoidis Panagiotis , Martin William , Gonzaga Luiz , Rocha Mateus G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), and fatigue limit (FL) of 3D‐printed resin‐based polymers and composites and compare them to 3D‐printed composites.Materials and MethodsA bar‐shaped specimen (25 × 2 × 2 mm) was CAD designed according to ISO 4049:2019, and 60 duplicates of the 3D model were nested at a 45‐degree angle with the printing platform and 3D‐printed with three materials: denture teeth resin (Denture Teeth, Formlabs), temporary crown and bridge resin (Temporary CB, Formlabs), and composite (Flexcera Smile Ultra+, Desktop Health). The 3D model was also imported into a dental CAM software, duplicated 60 times, nested, and milled from a 3D‐milled composite puck (Ivotion Denture Teeth, Ivoclar). All specimens were post‐processed following the manufacturer's recommendation. The specimens were then subjected to a three‐point bending test until failure using a Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.75 mm/min, and FS and FM were calculated. The remaining thirty specimens were tested for Fatigue Limit using the staircase approach starting at 50% FS maximum up to 1.2 M cycles at 10 Hz. The data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and the Weibull distribution (α = 0.05).ResultsThe results showed that Ivotion and Flexcera had higher FS (110.3 ± 7.1 MPa and 107.6 ± 6.4 MPa, respectively) and FM (3.3 ± 0.1 GPa and 3.0 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively) compared to the 3D‐printed Denture Teeth (FS = 66.4 ± 18.5 MPa and FM = 1.8 ± 0.1 GPa) and Temporary CB (FS = 79.6 ± 12.1 MPa and FM = 2.7 ± 0.4 GPa). Weibull analysis showed that the Ivotion and Flexcera had a more uniform and narrower spatial distribution of defects (m: 27.98 and 29.19) than the printed materials, which had m values of 8.17 and 4.11 for Temporary CB and Denture Teeth, respectively. Although no differences were found in the static properties (FS and FM) between Ivotion and Flexcera, Ivotion presented a higher endurance limit than Flexcera (51.43 vs. 40.95 MPa). The Temporary CB presented 21.08 MPa and Denture Teeth presented 17.80 MPa of endurance limit.Conclusions3D‐milled (Ivotion Denture Teeth) and 3D‐printed (Flexcera Smile Ultra+) composites outperformed 3D‐printed resins (Formlabs Denture Teeth and Temporary Crown & Bridge) in terms of flexural properties and fatigue resistance. 3D‐milled (Ivotion) and 3D‐printed (Flexcera) composites exhibited similar flexural properties, but 3D‐milled composites showed a 25% higher fatigue endurance limit, suggesting improved clinical longevity.
Effects of an ice roller on chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus in patients receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Lin Jong‐Ni , Chen Chiu‐Feng , Huang Chih‐Yuan , Lai Feng‐Min , Wang Chi‐Jane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus is a distressing symptom and has a far‐reaching impact on patients' sleep and quality of life for most patients receiving haemodialysis. Traditional therapies have limited effectiveness.ObjectivesThis study aimed to invent a self‐operated ice roller and evaluate its efficacy in relieving pruritus, sleep quality, and quality of life.DesignThis study was experimental with a two‐arm parallel group design.ParticipantsA convenient sampling method was used to recruit 60 patients receiving haemodialysis who reported pruritus (5D‐Itch Scale score >5) lasting over 4 weeks in Taiwan. The participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the intervention group used an ice roller for 7 days, while the control group received no anti‐pruritus treatment.MeasurementsThis study was experimental with a two‐arm parallel group design. The measurement instruments included the 5D‐Itch Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and WHOQOL‐BREF‐Taiwan Version. The analysis of covariance, chi‐square, Independent t tests, and partial Eta2 (η2p) were used to analyse the data.ResultsThe participants' mean age was 62.77 years. Application of the ice roller significantly decreased overall pruritus (p < .05; η2p = .09) and distribution of pruritus‐associated bodily parts (p = .03; η2p = .08). There were no statistically significant differences in sleep quality and related indicators between the experimental and control groups at the study endpoint. Regarding quality of life, only the social relationship domain significantly differed between the two groups (p = .02; η2p = .08).ConclusionsThe ice roller can decrease pruritus and its distribution in patients receiving haemodialysis, serving as an adjunct therapy alongside conventional anti‐pruritus treatments.
Ecological characteristics explain neutral genetic variation of three coastal sparrow species
Authors: Maxwell Logan M. , Clark Jonathan D. , Walsh Jennifer , Conway Meaghan , Olsen Brian J. , Kovach Adrienne I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEco‐phylogeographic approaches to comparative population genetic analyses allow for the inclusion of intrinsic influences as drivers of intraspecific genetic structure. This insight into microevolutionary processes, including changes within a species or lineage, provides better mechanistic understanding of species‐specific interactions and enables predictions of evolutionary responses to environmental change. In this study, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from reduced representation sequencing to compare neutral population structure, isolation by distance (IBD), genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne) across three closely related and co‐distributed saltmarsh sparrow species differing along a specialization gradient—Nelson's (Ammospiza nelsoni subvirgata), saltmarsh (A. caudacuta) and seaside sparrows (A. maritima maritima). Using an eco‐phylogeographic lens within a conservation management context, we tested predictions about species' degree of evolutionary history and ecological specialization to tidal marshes, habitat, current distribution and population status on population genetic metrics. Population structure differed among the species consistent with their current distribution and habitat factors, rather than degree of ecological specialization: seaside sparrows were panmictic, saltmarsh sparrows showed hierarchical structure and Nelson's sparrows were differentiated into multiple, genetically distinct populations. Neutral population genetic theory and demographic/evolutionary history predicted patterns of genetic diversity and Ne rather than degree of ecological specialization. Patterns of population variation and evolutionary distinctiveness (Shapely metric) suggest different conservation measures for long‐term persistence and evolutionary potential in each species. Our findings contribute to a broader understanding of the complex factors influencing genetic variation, beyond specialist‐generalist status and support the role of an eco‐phylogeographic approach in population and conservation genetics.
Between cyber retaliation and escalation: Explaining the variations in state compliance with the principle of proportionality
Authors: Katagiri Nori 
Published: March 2024

AbstractI examine how the proportionality principle shapes state responses to a cyberattack. I do so by investigating variation in the effects of the principle of proportionality on the state response. The variation accounts for four types of state response. First, if states respond to a first strike in a proportionate manner, they are in compliance with the principle, and attackers are likely to take it as an indication of willingness to honor the principle. Second, states may react to attackers with an excessive response in violation of the principle, which would force attackers to react as or more harshly. Third, states may accidentally make a proportionate response when they in fact seek to impose excessive harm on attackers. Finally, states may generate an excessive response by error when they in fact seek to comply with the principle.Related ArticlesGlen, Carol. 2021. “Norm Entrepreneurship in Global Cybersecurity.” Politics & Policy 49(5): 1121–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12430.Glen, Carol M. 2014. “Internet Governance: Territorializing Cyberspace?” Politics & Policy 42(5): 635–57. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12093/full.Zeng, Jinghan, Tim Stevens, and Yaru Chen. 2017. “China's Solution to Global Cyber Governance: Unpacking the Domestic Discourse of ‘Internet Sovereignty.’” Politics & Policy 45(3): 432–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12202.
Tollmien–Schlichting waves in the subsonic regime
Authors: Masmoudi Nader , Wang Yuxi , Wu Di , Zhang Zhifei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Tollmien–Schlichting (T‐S) waves play a key role in the early stages of boundary layer transition. In a breakthrough work, Grenier, Guo, and Nguyen gave the first rigorous construction of the T‐S waves of temporal mode for the incompressible fluid. Yang and Zhang recently made an important contribution by constructing the compressible T‐S waves of temporal mode for certain boundary layer profiles with Mach number . In this paper, we construct the T‐S waves of both temporal mode and spatial mode to the linearized compressible Navier–Stokes system around the boundary layer flow in the whole subsonic regime , including the Blasius profile. Our approach is based on a novel iteration scheme between the quasi‐incompressible and quasi‐compressible systems, with a key ingredient being the solution of an Orr–Sommerfeld‐type equation using a new Airy–Airy–Rayleigh iteration instead of Rayleigh–Airy iteration introduced by Grenier, Guo, and Nguyen. We believe that the method developed in this work can be applied in solving other related problems for subsonic flows.
Current Status and Emerging Techniques for Measuring the Dielectric Properties of Biological Tissues
Authors: Porter Emily , Farrugia Lourdes , Prakash Punit , Conceição Raquel C. , Shrivastava Devashish , Scapaticci Rosa , Mandija Stefano , Cavagnaro Marta , Curto Sergio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The dielectric properties of biological tissues are key parameters that support the design and usability of a wide range of electromagnetic-based medical applications, including for diagnostics and therapeutics, and allow the determination of safety and health effects due to exposure to electromagnetic fields. While an extensive body of literature exists that reports on values of these properties for different tissue types under different measurement conditions, it is now evident that there are large uncertainties and inconsistencies between measurement reports. Due to varying measurement techniques, limited measurement validation strategies, and lack of metadata reporting and confounder control, reported dielectric properties suffer from a lack of repeatability and questionable accuracy. Recently, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Thermal Medicine Standards Committee was formed, which included a Tissue Properties working group. This effort aims to support the translation and commercialization of medical technologies, through the development of a standard lexicon and standard measurement protocols. In this work, we present initial results from the Electromagnetic Tissue Properties subgroup. Specifically, this paper reports a critical gap analysis facing the standardization pathway for the dielectric measurement of biological tissues. All established measurement techniques are examined and compared, and emerging ones are assessed. Perspectives on the importance and challenges in measurement validation, accuracy calculation, metadata collection, and reporting are also discussed.
Optimized Ray-Based Method for Workspace Determination of Kinematic Redundant Manipulators
Authors: Ginnante Angelica , Caro Stéphane , Simetti Enrico , Leborne François 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Determining the workspace of a robotic manipulator is highly significant for knowing its abilities and planning the robot application. Several techniques exist for robot workspace determination. However, these methods are usually affected by computational redundancy, like in the Monte Carlo based method case, and their implementation can be complex. The workspace analysis of kinematic redundant manipulators is even more complex. This paper proposes a kinematically optimized ray-based workspace determination algorithm based on a simple idea and not affected by computational redundancy. The proposed method can be applied to any serial robot but is tested only on spatial kinematic redundant robots. The results show how the approach can correctly determine the robot workspace boundaries in a short time. Then, the correctness and computational time of the proposed optimized ray-based method are compared to pseudo-inverse Jacobian ray-based and Monte Carlo methods. The comparison demonstrates that the proposed method has better results in a shorter time. Finally, some limitations of the proposed algorithm are discussed.
Near-Zero Parasitic Shift Flexure Pivots Based on Coupled n-RRR Planar Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Tissot-Daguette Loïc , Cosandier Florent , Thalmann Etienne , Henein Simon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flexure pivots, which are widely used for precision mechanisms, generally have the drawback of presenting parasitic shifts accompanying their rotation. The known solutions for canceling these undesirable parasitic translations usually induce a loss in radial stiffness, a reduction of the angular stroke, and nonlinear moment–angle characteristics. This article introduces a novel family of kinematic structures based on coupled n-RRR planar parallel mechanisms, which presents exact zero parasitic shifts while alleviating the drawbacks of some known pivoting structures. Based on this invention, three symmetrical architectures have been designed and implemented as flexure-based pivots. The performance of the newly introduced pivots has been compared with two known planar flexure pivots having theoretically zero parasitic shift via Finite Element models and experiments performed on plastic mockups. The results show that the newly introduced flexure pivots are an order of magnitude radially stiffer than the considered pivots from the state-of-the-art while having equivalent angular strokes. To experimentally evaluate the parasitic shift of the novel pivots, one of the architectures was manufactured in titanium alloy using wire-cut electrical discharge machining. This prototype exhibits a parasitic shift under 1.5 µm over a rotation stroke of ±15 deg, validating the near-zero parasitic shift properties of the presented designs. These advantages are key to applications such as mechanical time bases, surgical robotics, or optomechanical mechanisms.