bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized mismatch resolution for COTS selection
Authors: Mohamed Abdallah , Ruhe Guenther , Eberlein Armin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe use of Commercial Off‐The‐Shelf (COTS) products in the software development process requires the evaluation of existing COTS products, and then selecting the one that best fits system requirements. In this process, it is inevitable to encounter mismatches between COTS features and system requirements. Mismatches occur as a result of an excess or shortage of COTS capabilities. Many of these mismatches are resolved after selecting a COTS product. Existing COTS‐selection approaches fail to properly consider these mismatches. This article presents MiHOS (Mismatch Handling for COTS Selection), an approach that aims at addressing mismatches while considering limited resources. MiHOS can be integrated with existing COTS‐selection methods at two points: (i)When evaluating COTS candidates in order to estimate the anticipated fitness of the candidates if their mismatches are resolved. This helps to base our COTS‐selection decisions on the fitness that the COTS candidates will eventually have if selected. (ii) After selecting a COTS product in order to plan the resolution of the most appropriate mismatches using suitable actions, such that the most important risk, technical, and resource constraints are met. A case study from the e‐services domain is used to illustrate the method and to discuss its added value. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strukturen von polaren Magnesiumorganylen: Synthese und Struktur von Basen‐Addukten des Bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesiums
Authors: Jaenschke Anja , Paap Joachim , Behrens Ulrich 
Published: January 2008

AbstractStructures of Polar Magnesium Organyls: Synthesis and Structure of Base Adducts of Bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesiumEight donor‐acceptor complexes of bis(cyclopentadienyl)magnesium (1) with N‐ and O‐donor Lewis bases have been synthesized and characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. With acetonitrile, dimethoxyethane, diethyleneglycoldimethylether, dioxane, and tetramethylethylenediamine simple 1:1 adducts are formed (2–6). In some cases a change of the hapticity of one cyclopentadienylring from η5 to η2 or η1 is observed (4–6). In the adduct with pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (7) one C5H5‐ring is removed from the magnesium atom forming the cation [Mg(C5H5)(PMDTA)]+ and an uncoordinated five‐ring anion. With the crown ether 15‐crown‐5 the two ionic Mg compounds 8 and 9 are formed which have a [Mg(15‐crown‐5)L2]2+‐cation [L = pyridine, THF] and two uncoordinated cyclopentadienyl anions. Cyclopentadienyl‐methyl‐magnesium reacts with 15‐crown‐5 to the salt [Mg(CH3)(15‐crown‐5)]+ C5H5− (10) which has also a free cyclopentadienyl anion.
A population facing climate change: joint influences of Allee effects and environmental boundary geometry
Authors: Roques Lionel , Roques Alain , Berestycki Henri , Kretzschmar André 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAs a result of climate change, many populations have to modify their range to follow the suitable areas—their “climate envelope”—often risking extinction. During this migration process, they may face absolute boundaries to dispersal because of external environmental factors. Consequently, not only the position, but also the shape of the climate envelope can be modified. We use a reaction‐diffusion model to analyse the effects on population persistence of simultaneous changes in the position and shape of the climate envelope. When the growth term is of logistic type, we show that extinction and persistence are principally conditioned by the species mobility and the speed of climate change, but not by the shape of the climate envelope. However, with a growth term taking an Allee effect into account, we find a high sensitivity to variations in the shape of the climate envelope. In this case, the species which have a high mobility, although they could more easily follow the migration of the climate envelope, would be at risk of extinction when encountering a local narrowing of the boundary geometry. This effect can be attenuated by a progressive opening at the exit of the narrowing into the available space, even though this leads temporarily to a diminished area of the climate envelope.
The Effect of Phospholipids on Milkfat Crystallization Behavior
Authors: Fedotova Yuliya , Lencki Robert W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDepending on the production method, the fat component in butter can either be in a continuous phase or entrapped by milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). Phospholipids like those present in the MFGM are known to affect milk fat crystallization behavior. This study examines the effect of MFGM phospholipid concentration on butter crystal structure. Regular raw cream was first concentrated to 85% fat via centrifugation to produce a “plastic” cream, and was then blended with anhydrous milk fat (AMF) and skim milk in order to maintain the total fat‐to‐water ratio while altering the total amount of MFGM in the butter product. Whereas mixtures of AMF and skim milk contained large spherulites that had finer structures as the degree of supercooling was increased, the addition of globular fat (GF) broke up these structures, eventually producing smaller individual needle‐like crystals. However, high levels of GF also lead to the coalescence of the aqueous phase, creating large water pockets that adversely affect sensory properties. Thus, the phospholipid concentration in the final butter product must be controlled in order to obtain optimal crystal structure and product quality.
Global Perceived Health and Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Primary Care Patients with Symptoms of Heart Failure
Authors: Johansson Peter , Broström Anders , Dahlström Ulf , Alehagen Urban 
Published: January 2008

Background: The aim was to examine whether a single question about global perceived health (GPH) is associated with the domains of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) as assessed by the SF-36, and whether the scores in these domains differ from the different scores of the GPH in relation to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Method: The study included 412 elderly outpatients with symptoms of heart failure (HF). Echocardiography was used to determine their LVEF, and GPH was assessed by the first question on the SF-36. Results: The correlations between GPH and the different domains in SF-36 ranged from 0.33 to 0.64 in patients with LVEF ≥ 50% and was between 0.29 and 0.59 in patients with LVEF < 40%. Regression analyses revealed GPH to be the strongest predictor of HR-QoL. Patients with LVEF < 40% rating poor GPH differed significantly ( p < 0.05) from those with good or moderate GPH in six of the eight HR-QoL domains. Conclusion: One question about GPH gives a good general description of HR-QoL and may therefore be used as a simple tool to assess HR-QoL in elderly outpatients with clinical symptoms of HF.
History of the FIGO cancer staging system
Authors: Odicino Franco , Pecorelli Sergio , Zigliani Lucia , Creasman William T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe main objectives of any good staging system – essential to an evidence‐based approach to cancer – are: to aid the clinician in planning treatment; to provide indication of prognosis; to assist the physician in evaluating the results of treatment; to facilitate the exchange of information between treatment centers, thus disseminating knowledge; and to contribute to continuing investigations into human malignancies. A good staging system must have 3 basic characteristics: it must be valid, reliable, and practical. The first staging system for gynecological cancers appeared around the turn of the 20th century and applied to the carcinoma of the cervix uteri—the most common cancer affecting women in high income countries at that time. The classification and staging of the other gynecological malignancies was not put forward until the 1950s. Over the years, these staging classifications – with the exception of cervical cancer and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia – have shifted from a clinical to a surgical–pathological basis. This paper reviews the history of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) cancer staging system, how it was developed, and why.
The effect of dietary fish oil-supplementation to healthy young men on oxidative burst measured by whole blood chemiluminescence
Authors: Bartelt Stine , Timm Michael , Damsgaard Camilla T. , Hansen Erik W. , Hansen Harald S. , Lauritzen Lotte 
Published: January 2008

Dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA) are thought to have immune-modulating effects, but the specific effects and mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary n-3 LCPUFA could affect ex vivo oxidative burst in healthy young men. The study had a randomised 2 × 2-factorial design in which subjects were randomly assigned to 8-week supplementation with capsules containing fish oil (about 2·9 g n-3 LCPUFA/d) or olive oil (control). Subjects were also randomly assigned to household use of oils and fat spreads with a high or a low 18 : 2n-6 content. At baseline and at the end of the intervention, the fatty acid composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analysed by GLC and oxidative burst was studied in whole blood stimulated with zymosan using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. The PBMC content of n-3 LCPUFA was markedly increased by the fish oil-supplementation (P < 0·001, compared to the olive oil groups). No effect of the intervention was observed on neutrophil count, but one measure of the zymosan-induced oxidative burst was higher in the fish oil groups (P = 0·03) compared to the olive oil groups. The fat intervention did not in itself affect oxidative burst neither did it change the effect of the fish-oil intervention. The measures of oxidative burst at the end of the intervention period were found to be associated with the DHA content of PBMC (r 0·44, P = 0·016), suggesting a dose–response relationship. These results indicate that n-3 LCPUFA may have immuno-stimulating effects.
Tilt-induced instability of a stratified vortex
Authors: BOULANGER NICOLAS , MEUNIER PATRICE , LE DIZÈS STÉPHANE 
Published: January 2008

This experimental and theoretical study considers the dynamics and the instability of a Lamb–Oseen vortex in a stably stratified fluid. In a companion paper, it was shown that tilting the vortex axis with respect to the direction of stratification induces the formation of a rim of strong axial flow near a critical radius when the Froude number of the vortex is larger than one.Here, we demonstrate that this tilt-induced flow is responsible for a three-dimensional instability. We show that the instability results from a shear instability of the basic axial flow in the critical-layer region. The theoretical predictions for the wavelength and the growth rate obtained by a local stability analysis of the theoretical critical-layer profile are compared to experimental measurements and a good agreement is observed. The late stages of the instability are also analysed experimentally. In particular, we show that the tilt-induced instability does not lead to the destruction of the vortex, but to a sudden decrease of its Froude number, through the turbulent diffusion of its core size, when the initial Froude number is close to 1. A movie is available with the online version of the paper.
An analysis of convection in a mushy layer with a deformable permeable interface
Authors: ROPER S. M. , DAVIS S. H. , VOORHEES P. W. 
Published: January 2008

We study the dynamics of a mushy layer in directional solidification for the case of a thin near-eutectic mush with a deformable and permeable mush–liquid interface. We examine the onset of convection using linear stability analysis, and the weakly nonlinear growth of liquid inclusions that signal the onset of chimneys. This analysis is compared to past analyses in which the mush–liquid interface is replaced by a rigid impermeable lid. We find qualitative agreement between the two models, but the rigid-lid approximation gives substantially different quantitative behaviour.In linear theory, the rigid-lid approximation leads to an over-estimate of the critical Rayleigh number and wavenumber of the instability. The condition for the onset of oscillatory instability is also changed by a factor of about 5 in composition number C. In the weakly nonlinear theory, the location of the onset of liquid inclusions is near the undisturbed front for the free-boundary analysis, whereas it lies at the centre of the mushy layer when the rigid-lid approximation is used. For hexagonal patterns, the boundary between regions of parameter space in which up and down hexagons are stable, shifts as a result of coupling between the liquid and mush regions.
Sound transmission in strongly curved slowly varying cylindrical ducts with flow
Authors: BRAMBLEY E. J. , PEAKE N. 
Published: January 2008

In this paper we consider the propagation of acoustic waves on top of an inviscid steady flow along a curved hollow or annular duct with hard or lined walls. The curvature of the duct centreline (which is not restricted to being small) and the wall radii vary slowly along the duct, allowing application of an asymptotic multiple-scales analysis. The modal wavenumbers and mode shapes are determined locally as modes of a torus with the same local curvature, while the amplitude of the modes evolves as the mode propagates along the duct. The duct modes are found explicitly at each axial location using a pseudospectral numerical method.Unlike the case of a straight duct carrying uniform flow, there is a fundamental asymmetry between upstream and downstream propagating modes, with some mode shapes tending to be concentrated on either the inside or outside of the bend depending on the direction of propagation, curvature and steady-flow Mach number. The interaction between the presence of wall lining and curvature is also significant; for instance, in a representative case it is found that the curvature causes the first few acoustic modes to be more heavily damped by the duct boundary than would be expected for a straight duct.Using ray theory, we suggest explanations of these features. For the lowest azimuthal-order modes, three distinct regimes are found in which the modes are localized in different parts of the duct cross-section. This phenomenon is explained by a balance between whispering-gallery effects along the duct and refraction by the steady flow. At the opposite extreme, strongly spinning modes are investigated, and are seen to be due to a different whispering-gallery effect across the duct cross-section.
Public health implications of soil contaminated with helminth eggs in the metropolis of Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Maikai B.V. , Umoh J.U. , Ajanusi O.J. , Ajogi I. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEnvironmental and socio-cultural variables influencing the distribution of helminth eggs in 608 soil samples were studied in 14 playgrounds that differ in socio-economic status in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria, using a modified sieving method and a sucrose flotation medium of specific gravity 1.27. Helminth eggs were found in 62% of the soil samples and the distribution was as follows:Toxocaraspp. 50.4%,Taeniaspp./Echinococcusspp. 36.9%,Dipylidium caninum26.3%,Ancylostomaspp. 9.0%,Ascarisspp. 7.2%,Trichurisspp. 3.7% andAscaridiaspp. 1.9%. A higher prevalence (68.1%) was recorded during the dry harmattan period while in the rainy period the rate was 58.1%. Mean egg densities ranged from 1.11 ± 0.32 to 3.92 ± 2.47 in areas moderately rated. Samples from site 14, which was highly rated, were more contaminated (78.1%) than those collected from other sites, while the intensity of contamination (14.0%) was more in moderately rated site 4 than in the rest of the sites. There were significant associations between the prevalence of helminth eggs and rainy period of the study (odds ratio (OR) = 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) on OR: 0.20 < OR < 0.70), presence of dogs (OR = 0.56; 95% CI on OR: 0.37 < OR < 0.85) and grass (vegetation) (OR = 1.44; 95% CI on OR: 1.03 < OR < 2.04) in the sites. On the other hand, there was no association between the prevalence of helminth eggs and the dry period of the study, presence of refuse in the playgrounds, topography of playgrounds, depth of sample collection and socio-economic status of people in playgrounds (P>0.05). This study shows that the period of study, the presence of dogs and vegetation influence the prevalence of helminth eggs in soil in Kaduna metropolis.
Biblical theology and/or theological interpretation of scripture?
Authors: Treier Daniel J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract‘Biblical theology’ has long influenced modern theological method, especially Protestant, as both boon and bane. Its role has been seen as either pivotal or problematic in the attempt to construe the Christian Bible as scripture with unified teaching for the contemporary church. The attempt to unfold biblical teaching as having organic unity, related to an internal structure of theological concepts, is frequently perceived as a failure, a has-been that leaves us only with fragmentation – between parts of the Bible, between academy and church, church and world, clergy and laity, and between various theological disciplines. Today a new movement is afoot, often labelled ‘theological interpretation of scripture’. Some of its adherents define this practice as distinct from, even opposed to, biblical theology. Others treat the two practices as virtually coterminous, while perhaps contesting what ‘biblical theology’ is typically taken to be in favour of new theological hermeneutics. Much of the difficulty in defining the relationship, then, stems from lingering debates about what biblical theology can or should be. The rest of the difficulty is perhaps rooted in the dilemma of any interdisciplinary efforts: how to breach unhelpful sections of disciplinary boundaries without redefining territory so nebulously that no one knows where they are.
‘Not every wrong is done with pride’
Authors: Couenhoven Jesse 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper provides a reading of the late Augustine which supports the hypothesis that, while the early Augustine believed that pride is the basic sin, he changes his views during the Pelagian controversies, and advocates instead (contra Pelagius) the thesis that sin, post-fall, does not take on any one form. Augustine makes some key, though rarely discussed, statements about the nature of sin that, particularly when his views are put into perspective within his larger doctrine of sin, indicate that Augustine does not think all sin can be reduced to pride. Indeed, Augustine's controversial views about original sin incline him to believe that, far from being self-aggrandising, sin often takes the form of (and is often a sign and result of) ignorance and weakness. Thus, a careful reading of Augustine's doctrine of sin shows that he has significant commonalities with his feminist critics, precisely at one of the points on which he has been most criticised.
Does the advance of science mean secularisation?
Authors: Martin David 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe relation of science to secularisation is discussed in relation to the sociological frameworks of rationalisation and social differentiation in the context of cross-national and cross-cultural comparison. It is argued that there is no consistent relation between the degree of scientific advance and a reduced profile of religious influence, belief and practice. The crucial factors are sociological and historical, in particular the relation of religion to power and to the role of the intelligentsia in promoting radical social change. It is also argued that mental space constitutes a manifold so that there is in principle no zero-sum relation between science and religion. That there is such a relation derives from the Enlightenment master narrative and it acquires much of its emotional power not from the logical consequences for religion of science as from a putative relation between religion and moral evil and the legitimation of oppressive regimes. However there are indirect consequences of science for religion through the social consequences of technological change. In practice the consequences of historical studies, for example biblical criticism, are probably greater than the consequences of science.
Preserving the world for Christ
Authors: Harvey Barry 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe practices, habits and convictions that once allowed the inhabitants of Christendom to determine what they could reasonably do and say together to foster a just and equitable common life have slowly been displaced over the past few centuries by new configurations which have sought to maintain an inherited faith in an underlying purpose to human life while disassociating themselves from the God who had been the beginning and end of that faith. In the end, however, these new configurations are incapable of sustained deliberations about the basic conditions of our humanity. Dietrich Bonhoeffer's theology provides important clues into what it takes to make and keep human life human in such a world. The first part of this essay examines Bonhoeffer's conception of the last things, the things before the last, and what binds them together. He argues that the things before the last do not possess a separate, autonomous existence, and that the positing of such a breach has had disastrous effects on human beings and the world they inhabit. The second part looks at Bonhoeffer's account of the divine mandates as the conceptual basis for coping with a world that has taken leave of God. Though this account of the mandates has much to commend it, it is hindered by problematic habits of interpretation that leave it vacillating between incommensurable positions. Bonhoeffer's incomplete insights are thus subsumed within Augustine's understanding of the two orders of human society set forth in City of God.
Frobenius n-homomorphisms, transfers and branched coverings
Authors: BUCHSTABER V. M. , BUCHSTABER V. M. , REES E. G. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe main purpose is to characterise continuous maps that are n-branched coverings in terms of induced maps on the rings of functions. The special properties of Frobenius n-homomorphisms between two function spaces that correspond to n-branched coverings are determined completely. Several equivalent definitions of a Frobenius n-homomorphism are compared and some of their properties are proved. An axiomatic treatment of n-transfers is given in general and properties of n-branched coverings are studied and compared with those of regular coverings.
Banach spaces whose algebras of operators have a large group of unitary elements
Authors: GUERRERO JULIO BECERRA , BURGOS MARÍA , KAIDI EL AMIN , PALACIOS ÁNGEL RODRÍGUEZ 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe prove that a complex Banach spaceXis a Hilbert space if (and only if) the Banach algebra$\mathcal L (X)$(of all bounded linear operator onX) is unitary and there exists a conjugate-linear algebra involution • on$\mathcal L (X)$satisfyingT•=T−1for every surjective linear isometryTonX. Appropriate variants for real spaces of the result just quoted are also proven. Moreover, we show that a real Banach spaceXis a Hilbert space if and only if it is a realJB*-triple and$\mathcal L (X)$is$w_{op}'$-unitary, where$w'_{op}$stands for the dual weak-operator topology.