bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop‐ and weather‐dependent yield and wind erosion benefits from a conservation practices system
Authors: Scott Drew A. , Liebig Mark A. , Saliendra Nicanor Z. , Toledo David , DeGreef Michael , Kobilansky Chantel , Feld Justin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWind erosion and variable weather challenge crop production in the northern Great Plains. Management that increases residue cover might mitigate wind erosion during the cash crop growing season. We evaluated horizontal sediment flux (modified Wilson and Cooke samplers) and cash crop yield across a single rotation of corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)–spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in paired fields with contrasting management. One field included cover crops and retained spring wheat straw (aspirational), while the other excluded both conservation practices over the 3‐year rotation (business‐as‐usual). Horizontal sediment flux rapidly decreased with days after cash crop planting (increasing crop canopy), regardless of management treatment. In 2 years (2020 corn and 2022 spring wheat), there was greater horizontal sediment flux, lower cash crop grain yield, and lower cash crop aboveground biomass in the aspirational versus business‐as‐usual field. In 2021 soybean, there was lower horizontal sediment flux, greater cash crop yield, and greater cash crop aboveground biomass in the aspirational versus business‐as‐usual field. Higher yield and lower horizontal sediment flux responses corresponded with the management treatment that produced the higher cash crop aboveground biomass. Additionally, our short‐term study indicated that in drought years, cover crops worsened the adverse effects of abnormally low precipitation on yield and biomass of 2020 corn but not 2021 soybean.
Highly Reactive Graphene Dispersant and Its Effective Reinforcement for Phase Change Coatings
Authors: Cui Junshuo , Liu Shiyi , Li Wenkang , Wang Xiyu , Zhen Li , Xiong Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh efficient dispersant that meanwhile possesses additional functions is highly desirable for the fabrication of graphene‐based composite. In this paper, a new reactive dispersant, multi‐silanols grafted naphthalenediamine (MSiND), is synthesized, which shows superiority compared with conventional dispersants. It can not only stabilize graphene in water at a high concentration of up to 16 mg mL−1, but also simultaneously be applicable for ethanol medium, in which the graphene concentration can be as high as 12 mg mL−1 at the weight ratio of 1:1 (MSiND:graphene). The dispersion is compatible with multi‐matrixes and affinity to various substrates. In addition, MSiND exhibits excellent reactivity due to the existence of high‐density silanol groups. Tough graphene coatings are constructed on glass slides and non‐woven fabric simply by direct painting and dip‐coating. Moreover, with the assistance of MSiND, graphene‐doped phase‐change coatings on hydrophobic non‐woven fabric (e.g., functional mask) are prepared via the spray method. The composite coatings show enhanced mechanical strength and excellent energy storage performance, exhibiting great potential in heat preservation and thermotherapy.
In Situ Implanting ZrW2O7(OH)2(H2O)2 Nanorods into Hierarchical Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework via Solvent‐Free Approach for Upgrading Catalytic Performance
Authors: Ye Gan , Shi Guangming , Wang Hanlu , Zeng Xingye , Wu Lei , Zhou Jun , Zhang Qiuli , Wei Jinshan , Li Zhiming , Nie Long , Wang Jin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHost–guest catalyst provides new opportunities for targeted applications and the development of new strategies for preparing host–guest catalysts is highly desired. Herein, an in situ solvent‐free approach is developed for implanting ZrW2O7(OH)2(H2O)2 nanorods (ZrW‐NR) in nitro‐functionalized UiO‐66(Zr) (UiO‐66(Zr)‐NO2) with hierarchical porosity, and the encapsulation of ZrW‐NR enables the as‐prepared host–guest catalyst remarkably enhanced catalytic performance for both for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) and acetalization reactions. ZrW‐NR@UiO‐66(Zr)‐NO2 can eliminate 500 ppm sulfur within 9 min at 40 °C in ODS, and can transform 5.6 mmol benzaldehyde after 3 min at room temperature in acetalization reaction. Its turnover frequencies reach 72.3 h−1 at 40 °C for ODS which is 33.4 times higher than UiO‐66(Zr)‐NO2, and 28140 h−1 for acetalization which is the highest among previous reports. Density functional theory calculation result indicates that the W sites in ZrW‐NR can decompose H2O2 to WVI‐peroxo intermediates that contribute to catalytic activity for the ODS reaction. This work opens a new solvent‐free approach for preparing MOFs‐based host–guest catalysts to upgrade their redox and acid performance.
Zusammenfassung
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch habe den Begriff einer epistemischen Autorität über den der epistemischen Superiorität bestimmt. Epistemische Superiorität eines Subjekts gegenüber einer anderen Person kann es bezüglich einer Domäne D in mehreren epistemischen Dimensionen geben: etwa im Hinblick auf die Kenntnis zu D gehörender propositionaler Wahrheiten oder im Hinblick auf das Verstehen von D. Wenn ein Subjekt Bedarf an epistemischen Gütern hat, die eine Autorität besitzt, dann hat es unterschiedliche Herausforderungen zu bewältigen.
Die Identifikation pluraler epistemischer Autoritäten
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIm vorigen Kapitel haben wir uns mit der Frage auseinandergesetzt, welche Faktoren dafür verantwortlich sind, dass eine Pluralität einen zuverlässigen epistemischen Output zu generieren imstande ist, während andere Pluralitäten es nicht sind. Ob diese Faktoren in einem konkreten Fall vorliegen und wirksam sind, ist aber nicht unbedingt offensichtlich. Ein Subjekt, das sich in seiner Überzeugungsbildung auf eine plurale epistemische Autorität stützen will, steht vor diesem Hintergrund vor der Herausforderung, einzuschätzen, wann eine Pluralität eine echte epistemische Autorität darstellt und wann nicht.
Zur Deferenz gegenüber pluralen epistemischen Autoritäten
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Kapiteln stand das Identifikationsproblem im Mittelpunkt. In diesem Kapitel möchte ich noch auf das Deferenzproblem eingehen, d. h. die Frage, wie man sich einer pluralen epistemischen Autorität gegenüber verhalten sollte, sobald man sie – und die relevanten Wahrheitsindikatoren – identifiziert hat. Ich hatte im Zuge meiner Überlegungen zur Deferenzproblematik in Teil II zum einen gegen die Auffassung argumentiert, dass totale Deferenz gegenüber epistemischen Autoritäten immer rational geboten ist, und gezeigt, dass etwas, was ich rationale persistierende Dissense mit epistemischen Autoritäten genannt habe, möglich sind; zum anderen hatte ich mich gegen verschiedene Spielarten des Präemptionismus gewandt.
Stages of Growth Models
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStages of growth models are important for understanding scale-ups. One of the differences between scale-ups and HGFs is that research on HGFs does not take growth stages into account, as long as growth is fast enough. This chapter presents Steve Blank’s 4-stage model of firm growth, where scaling up is stage 3. Hence, scaling-up does not occur directly at birth, among the youngest firms, but preparation is needed before scaling up. Differences between scaling up and so-called blitz-scaling are also discussed.
Integrable coupled bosonic massive Thirring model and its nonlocal reductions
Authors: Basu-Mallick B. , Sinha Debdeep 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A coupled bosonic massive Thirring model (BMTM), involving an interaction between the two independent spinors, is introduced and shown to be integrable. By incorporating suitable reductions between the field components of the coupled BMTM, five novel integrable models with various type of nonlocal interactions are constructed. Lax pairs satisfying the zero curvature condition are obtained for the coupled BMTM and for each of the related nonlocal models. An infinite number of conserved quantities are derived for each of these models which confirms the integrability of the systems. It is shown that the coupled BMTM respects important symmetries of the original BMTM such as parity, time reversal, global U(1)-gauge and the proper Lorentz transformations. Similarly, all the nonlocal models obtained from the coupled BMTM remain invariant under combined operation of parity and time reversal transformations. However, it is found that only one of the nonlocal models is invariant under proper Lorentz transformation and two other models are invariant under global U(1)-gauge transformation. By using ultralocal Poisson bracket relations among the elements of the Lax operator, it is shown that the coupled BMTM and one of the nonlocal models are completely integrable in the Liouville sense.
Characterizing the ambiguity in topological entanglement entropy
Authors: Li Yingcheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Topological entanglement entropy (TEE), the sub-leading term in the entanglement entropy of topological order, is the direct evidence of the long-range entanglement. While effective in characterizing topological orders on closed manifolds, TEE is model-dependent when entanglement cuts intersect with physical gapped boundaries. In this paper, we study the origin of this model-dependence by introducing a model-independent picture of partitioning the topological orders with gapped boundaries. In our picture, the entanglement boundaries (EBs), i.e. the virtual boundaries of each subsystem induced by the entanglement cuts, are assumed to be gapped boundaries with boundary defects. At this model-independent stage, there are two choices one has to make manually in defining the bi-partition: the boundary condition on the EBs, and the coherence between certain boundary states. We show that TEE appears because of a constraint on the defect configurations on the EBs, which is choice-dependent in the cases where the EBs touch gapped boundaries. This choice-dependence is known as the ambiguity in entanglement entropy. Different models intrinsically employ different choices, rendering TEE model-dependent. For D(ℤ2) topological order, the ambiguity can be fully characterized by two parameters that respectively quantifies the EB condition and the coherence. In particular, calculations compatible with the folding trick naturally choose EB conditions that respect electric-magnetic duality and set specific parameter values.
Curves whose curvature depends on their position and null curves
Authors: Pacheco R. , Santos S. D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe show that, apart from degeneracies, determining a plane curve whose curvature depends on its position essentially consists of determining a null curve in the Lorentzian 3-space when the null tangent direction depends on its position. We use this point of view to investigate the intrinsic equations for the n-elastic curves. We show how the problem of prescribed null tangent direction in terms of the position can be solved by quadratures when the prescription exhibits sufficient symmetries. This problem is formalized in terms of a convenient contact 3-form.
Imperative Process Algebra and Models of Parallel Computation
Authors: Middelburg Cornelis A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudies of issues related to computability and computational complexity involve the use of a model of computation. Central in such a model are computational processes. Processes of this kind can be described using an imperative process algebra based on ACP (Algebra of Communicating Processes). In this paper, it is investigated whether the imperative process algebra concerned can play a role in the field of models of computation. It is demonstrated that the process algebra is suitable to describe in a mathematically precise way models of computation corresponding to existing models based on sequential, asynchronous parallel, and synchronous parallel random access machines as well as time and work complexity measures for those models.
The application of autofluorescence system contributes to the preservation of parathyroid function during thyroid surgery
Authors: Shi XianBiao , Lv Guan , Qin JiaBo , Li Yixuan , Zheng Lulu , Ding Haoran , Sang JianFeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of autofluorescence technology on postoperative parathyroid function and short-term outcomes in patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Methods
A total of 546 patients were included in the study, with 287 in the conventional treatment group and 259 in the autofluorescence group. Both groups underwent central lymph node dissection, which is known to affect parathyroid function. Short-term outcomes, including rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and parathyroid dysfunction, serum calcium and PTH levels on the first postoperative day, as well as the need for calcium supplementation, were analyzed. A multivariable analysis was also conducted to assess the impact of autofluorescence on postoperative parathyroid dysfunction, considering factors such as age, BMI, and preoperative calcium levels.

Results
The autofluorescence group demonstrated significantly lower rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and parathyroid dysfunction compared to the conventional treatment group. The autofluorescence group also had better serum calcium and PTH levels on the first postoperative day, and a reduced need for calcium supplementation. Surprisingly, the use of autofluorescence technology did not prolong surgical time; instead, it led to a shorter hospitalization duration. The multivariable analysis showed that autofluorescence significantly reduced the risk of postoperative parathyroid dysfunction, while factors such as age, BMI, and preoperative calcium levels did not show a significant correlation.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that autofluorescence technology can improve the preservation of parathyroid function during thyroid surgery, leading to better short-term outcomes and reduced postoperative complications. The findings highlight the potential of autofluorescence as a valuable tool in the management of parathyroid hypofunction. Further research and validation are needed to establish the routine use of autofluorescence technology in the thyroid.
Emotional cues reduce Pavlovian interference in feedback-based go and nogo learning
Authors: Vahedi Julian , Mundorf Annakarina , Bellebaum Christian , Peterburs Jutta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is easier to execute a response in the promise of a reward and withhold a response in the promise of a punishment than vice versa, due to a conflict between cue-related Pavlovian and outcome-related instrumental action tendencies in the reverse conditions. This robust learning asymmetry in go and nogo learning is referred to as the Pavlovian bias. Interestingly, it is similar to motivational tendencies reported for affective facial expressions, i.e., facilitation of approach to a smile and withdrawal from a frown. The present study investigated whether and how learning from emotional faces instead of abstract stimuli modulates the Pavlovian bias in reinforcement learning. To this end, 137 healthy adult participants performed an orthogonalized Go/Nogo task that fully decoupled action (go/nogo) and outcome valence (win points/avoid losing points). Three groups of participants were tested with either emotional facial cues whose affective valence was either congruent (CON) or incongruent (INC) to the required instrumental response, or with neutral facial cues (NEU). Relative to NEU, the Pavlovian bias was reduced in both CON and INC, though still present under all learning conditions. Importantly, only for CON, the reduction of the Pavlovian bias effect was adaptive by improving learning performance in one of the conflict conditions. In contrast, the reduction of the Pavlovian bias in INC was completely driven by decreased learning performance in non-conflict conditions. These results suggest a potential role of arousal/salience in Pavlovian-instrumental regulation and cue-action congruency in the adaptability of goal-directed behavior. Implications for clinical application are discussed.
Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor area
Authors: Maurer Stefanie , Butenschoen Vicki M. , Kelm Anna , Schramm Severin , Schröder Axel , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSupplementary motor area syndrome (SMAS) represents a common neurosurgical sequela. The incidence and time frame of its occurrence have yet to be characterized after surgery for brain tumors. We examined patients suffering from a brain tumor preoperatively, postoperatively, and during follow-up examinations after three months, including fine motor skills testing and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 13 patients suffering from a tumor in the dorsal part of the superior frontal gyrus underwent preoperative, early postoperative, and 3-month follow-up testing of fine motor skills using the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT) and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT) consisting of 8 subtests for both upper extremities. They completed TMS for cortical motor function mapping. Test completion times (TCTs) were recorded and compared. No patient suffered from neurological deficits before surgery. On postoperative day one, we detected motor deficits in two patients, which remained clinically stable at a 3-month follow-up. Except for page-turning, every subtest indicated a significant worsening of function, reflected by longer TCTs (p < 0.05) in the postoperative examinations for the contralateral upper extremity (contralateral to the tumor manifestation). At 3-month follow-up examinations for the contralateral upper extremity, each subtest indicated significant worsening compared to the preoperative status despite improvement to the immediate postoperative level. We also detected significantly longer TCTs (p < 0.05) postoperatively in the ipsilateral upper extremity. This study suggests a long-term worsening of fine motor skills even three months after SMA tumor resection, indicating the necessity of targeted physical therapy for these patients.
Economic value of diastasis repair with the use of mesh compared to no intervention in Italy
Authors: Rognoni Carla , Carrara Alessandro , Piccoli Micaela , Trapani Vincenzo , Vettoretto Nereo , Soliani Giorgio , Tarricone Rosanna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aim
Rectus abdominal diastasis (RAD) can cause mainly incontinence and lower-back pain. Despite its high incidence, there is no consensus regarding surgical indication. We aimed at comparing RAD repair (minimally invasive technique with mesh implant) with no treatment (standard of care – SOC) through cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses from both National Healthcare Service (NHS) and societal perspectives in Italy.

Methods
A model was developed including social costs and productivity losses derived by the online administration of a socio-economic questionnaire, including the EuroQol for the assessment of quality of life. Costs for the NHS were based on reimbursement tariffs.

Results
Over a lifetime horizon, estimated costs were 64,115€ for SOC and 46,541€ for RAD repair in the societal perspective; QALYs were 19.55 and 25.75 for the two groups, respectively. Considering the NHS perspective, RAD repair showed an additional cost per patient of 5,104€ compared to SOC, leading to an ICUR of 824€. RAD repair may be either cost-saving or cost-effective compared to SOC depending on the perspective considered. Considering a current scenario of 100% SOC, an increased diffusion of RAD repair from 2 to 10% in the next 5 years would lead to an incremental cost of 184,147,624€ for the whole society (87% borne by the NHS) and to incremental 16,155 QALYs.

Conclusion
In light of the lack of economic evaluations for minimally invasive RAD repair, the present study provides relevant clinical and economic evidence to help improving the decision-making process and allocating scarce resources between competing ends.
Random forest evaluation using multi-key homomorphic encryption and lookup tables
Authors: Petrean Diana-Elena , Potolea Rodica 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, machine learning (ML) has become increasingly popular in various fields of activity. Cloud platforms have also grown in popularity, as they offer services that are more secure and accessible worldwide. In this context, cloud-based technologies emerged to support ML, giving rise to the machine learning as a service (MLaaS) concept. However, the clients accessing ML services in order to obtain classification results on private data may be reluctant to upload sensitive information to cloud. The model owners may also prefer not to outsource their models in order to prevent model inversion attacks and to protect intellectual property. The privacy-preserving evaluation of ML models is possible through multi-key homomorphic encryption (MKHE), that allows both the client data and the model to be encrypted under different keys. In this paper, we propose an MKHE evaluation method for decision trees and we extend the proposed method for random forests. Each decision tree is evaluated as a single lookup table, and voting is performed at the level of groups of decision trees in the random forest. We provide both theoretical and experimental evaluations for the proposed method. The aim is to minimize the performance degradation introduced by the encrypted model compared to a plaintext model while also obtaining practical classification times. In our experiments with the proposed MKHE random forest evaluation method, we obtained minimal (less than 0.6%) impact on the main ML performance metrics considered for each scenario, while also achieving reasonable classification times (of the order of seconds).
200 years of taxonomic confusion: Sporendonema and allies
Authors: Kandemir Hazal , Decock Cony , Hernández-Restrepo Margarita , Labuda Roman , Houbraken Jos , Ilkit Macit , de Hoog G. Sybren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe genus Sporendonema (Gymnoascaceae, Onygenales) was introduced in 1827 with the type species S. casei for a red mould on cheese. Cheese is a consistent niche for this species. Sphaerosporium equinum is another species classified in Gymnoascaceae and has also been reported from cheese. Recently, other habitats have been reported for both Sporendonema casei and Sphaerosporium equinum. The present study aimed to investigate the taxonomy of Sporendonema and Sphaerosporium, as well as a close neighbour, Arachniotus. Two strains of Hormiscium aurantiacum, another related cheese-associated species were also included in the analyses. Strains were evaluated in terms of macro- and micromorphology, physiology including salt tolerance, growth rate at different temperatures, casein degradation, cellulase activity, lipolytic activity, and multi-locus phylogeny with sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, the D1-D2 region of the large subunit and partial β-tubulin locus sequences. The results showed that the analysed species were congeneric, and the generic names Arachniotus and Sphaerosporium should be reduced to the synonymy of Sporendonema. Therefore, four new combinations as well as one lectotype and one epitype were designated in Sporendonema. Two strains attributed to Sphaerosporium equinum from substrates other than cheese were found to be phylogenetically and morphologically deviant and were introduced as a new species named Sporendonema isthmoides.