bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure effect on electronic properties of Sc0.5In0.5N compound
Authors: Pérez William López , Rodríguez M. Jairo Arbey , González Rafael , Fajardo Fabio , Mancera Luis 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe have applied the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method (FP‐LAPW) within the density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of the Sc0.5In0.5N compound in the wurtzite and sodium chloride structures. We have analyzed the relative stability of this ternary compound in the two studied phases. We found that the wurtzite structure is the most stable phase, with the minimum ∼0.14 eV/(unit cell) lower than in the sodium chloride phase. A phase transition from wurtzite to sodium chloride structure was observed, with transition pressure ∼1.9 GPa. Our results predict a direct semiconductor in wurtzite structure and an indirect semiconductor in sodium chloride phase. We investigate the pressure effect on the electronic properties of this ternary compound in the two phases studied. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure tuning of external‐cavity tapered laser
Authors: Trzeciakowski W. , Dybala F. , Mrozowicz M. , Bercha A. , Piechal B. , Ostendorf R. , Gilly J. , Kelemen M. T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPressure tuning (in the 20 kbar range) was performed for external‐cavity laser diode coupled to photorefractive crystal (BaTiO3 and KNbO3) and coupled to diffraction grating. The diodes were high power InGaAs/AlGaAs tapered lasers emitting around 975 nm at ambient conditions with beam parameter M2 = 1.3. The beam parameter of the laser remained stable with pressure. Side modes were suppressed by 40 dB in external cavities. The maximum tuning range was 140 nm (from 987 nm to 847 nm). Above 3 A current the lasers degraded due to Catastrophic Optical Damage, probably due to residual absorption in the liquid. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Refinement and 3D‐QSAR Studies of Inhibitors of Cyclophilin A Containing Amide Linker
Authors: Fan Feng , Zhu Jin , Ni Shuaishuai , Cheng Jiagao , Tang Yun , Kang Congmin , Li Jian , Jiang Hualiang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme playing essential role in many biological processes, and the discovery of CypA inhibitor is now of special interest in the treatment of immunological disorders. In this work, molecular modeling studies were performed to develop a predictive Common Pharmacophore Hypothesis (CPH) and use it for alignment in 3D‐QSAR studies using CoMFA and CoMSIA. A total of 30 compounds containing an amide fragment as the key linker, consisting of 17 of our previously discovered CypA inhibitors and 13 other inhibitors reported in the literature, were selected for pharmacophore refinement and 3D‐QSAR studies. The best pharmacophore hypothesis AADR, which had two hydrogen bond acceptors, a hydrogen bond donor, and an aromatic ring, was obtained and used for the alignment of molecules in CoMFA and CoMSIA model development. The models showed a good r2 value of 0.992 and 0.949 for CoMFA and CoMSIA, respectively. The contour maps of the models were analyzed to give structural insight for activity improvement of future novel CypA inhibitors. The CPH can also provide a powerful template for virtual screening and design of new CypA inhibitors.
Data fusion of XPS and AFM images for chemical phase identification in polymer blends
Authors: Artyushkova Kateryna , Farrar Jabari O. , Fulghum Julia E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this study, multitechnique image fusion between imaging X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and phase imaging atomic force microscopy (AFM) is discussed. It is beneficial for the purpose of facilitating correlation of different physical properties such as phase information from AFM images with chemical information from XPS images and enhancing spatial resolution by utilizing a nanometer spatial resolution of AFM images to enhance data from XPS images with spatial resolutions of microns. Small‐area‐imaging XPS is used to identify the phases observed through AFM for the data obtained from the same area on a sample. A patterned surface of polymer on indium tin oxide (ITO) is used to outline the procedure. The procedure is applied to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl chloride) PVC blends of various compositions. The phases are clearly identifiable in AFM images based on imaging XPS results. Resolution merge was also applied to multispectral XPS and AFM images acquired from polystyrene/polybutadiene blend. This type of image fusion allows for a direct visualization of overlap between chemical and topographical heterogeneities, which is critical in understanding material properties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of TOF‐SIMS bioanalysis using mutual information
Authors: Aoyagi Satoka 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe evaluation of proteins on biodevices, such as the distribution or orientation of immobilized proteins, is one of the most important issues for the development of sophisticated biodevices. In this review, a description is provided of the application of one of the most sensitive surface analysis methods, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), to protein evaluation and TOF‐SIMS spectra analysis using mutual information. TOF‐SIMS is useful for the evaluation of biodevice surfaces, because TOF‐SIMS provides submicron‐scale chemical mapping and information on the chemical structures of the upper surface part of a protein. In addition, TOF‐SIMS requires no pretreatment of samples, such as labeling with a fluorescent probe or coating with metallic thin films. Data analysis methods are, however, required to interpret the protein sample TOF‐SIMS data, because the fragment ions from proteins are so complicated that it is difficult to predict them. In order to identify hidden important peaks related to protein samples out of the hundreds of peaks in TOF‐SIMS spectra, mutual information has been used. Protein distribution on biodevices and the orientation of an immobilized protein obtained with this method are described in this review. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface composition of insulin and albumin adsorbed on polymer substrates as revealed by multivariate analysis of ToF‐SIMS data
Authors: Henry M. , Bertrand P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe structure and the composition of adsorbed protein films containing human serum albumin (HSA) and/or human insulin were studied with time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS). The proteins were adsorbed either on native polycarbonate (PC) membranes or on PC membranes treated with poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP/PC). These membranes have been developed for their use as encapsulation membranes in a bioartificial pancreas. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the ToF‐SIMS results allowed the determination of the main factors affecting the surface structure and composition of the protein layer. The substrate surface properties were found to be the most influencing factor. The amount and type of the adsorbed protein also influence the adsorbed protein layer surface composition and structure. A partial least squares (PLS) regression model allowed confirmation of the correlation between the adsorbed amount of protein and the surface composition of the protein layer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylmalonate‐induced seizures are attenuated in inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout mice
Authors: Ribeiro Leandro Rodrigo , Fighera Michele Rechia , Oliveira Mauro Schneider , Furian Ana Flávia , Rambo Leonardo Magno , Ferreira Ana Paula de Oliveira , Saraiva André Luiz Lopes , Souza Mauren Assis , Lima Frederico Diniz , Magni Danieli Valnes , Dezengrini Renata , Flores Eduardo Furtado , Butterfield D. Allan , Ferreira Juliano , Santos Adair Roberto Soares dos , Mello Carlos Fernando , Royes Luiz Fernando Freire 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMethylmalonic acidemias consist of a group of inherited neurometabolic disorders caused by deficiency of methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase activity clinically and biochemically characterized by neurological dysfunction, methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation, mitochondrial failure and increased reactive species production. Although previous studies have suggested that nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the neurotoxicity of MMA, the involvement of NO‐induced nitrosative damage from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in MMA‐induced seizures are poorly understood. In the present study, we showed a decrease of time spent convulsing induced by intracerebroventricular administration of MMA (2 μmol/2 μL; i.c.v.) in iNOS knockout (iNOS−/−) mice when compared with wild‐type (iNOS+/+) littermates. Visual analysis of electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) showed that MMA injection induced the appearance of high‐voltage synchronic spike activity in the ipsilateral cortex which spreads to the contralateral cortex while quantitative electroencephalographic analysis showed larger wave amplitude during MMA‐induced seizures in wild‐type mice when compared with iNOS knockout mice. We also report that administration of MMA increases NOx (NO2 plus NO3 content) and 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) levels in a greater extend in iNOS+/+ mice than in iNOS−/− mice, indicating that NO overproduction and NO‐mediated damage to proteins are attenuated in iNOS knockout mice. In addition, the MMA‐induced decrease in Na+, K+‐ATPase activity, but not in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, was less pronounced in iNOS−/− when compared with iNOS+/+ mice. These results reinforce the assumption that metabolic collapse contributes for the secondary toxicity elicited by MMA and suggest that oxidative attack by NO derived from iNOS on selected target such as Na+, K+‐ATPase enzyme might represent an important role in this excitotoxicity induced by MMA. Therefore, these results may be of value in understating the pathophysiology of the neurological features observed in patients with methylmalonic acidemia and in the development of new strategies for treatment of these patients.
Unlocking the business outsourcing process model
Authors: Handley Sean M. , Benton W.C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOutsourcing has emerged as a prevalent business practice that is having a transformational impact on how many organizations manage their global supply chains. Despite this prominence, anecdotal reports from multiple reputable organizations suggest that many businesses fail to realize the benefits anticipated from their outsourcing initiatives. Motivated by these observations, this study investigates those management practices during the outsourcing process that are key drivers of outsourcing performance. Specifically, detailed data from 198 sourcing executives and managers responsible for outsourcing initiatives are used to investigate the influence that strategic evaluation, contractual completeness, and relationship management practices have on achieving projected outsourcing results. The results offer strong empirical evidence that outsourcing performance is significantly influenced by extensive strategic evaluation and proactive relationship management practices. Moreover, the impact strategic evaluation has on outsourcing performance is not direct, but rather is partially mediated by the relationship between the parties. Finally, the results show that contractual completeness does not distinguish between successful and unsuccessful outsourcing efforts, and can be considered qualifying activity.
A pilot Randomized control trial of scar Repigmentation with UV light and dry Tattooing
Authors: Brandt Michael G. , Moore Corey C. , Conlin Anne E. , Stein John D. , Doyle Philip C. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveThis study assessed the utility of focused scar injury with an ink‐free tattooing technique combined with UV light exposure for the treatment of hypopigmented cervicofacial scars.Study DesignPilot prospective, randomized, control trial.SubjectsIndividuals with long‐standing hypopigmented cervicofacial scars.MethodsTwenty individuals randomly underwent UVA light exposure with or without dry tattooing. Scars were evaluated pretreatment and at seven‐months post‐treatment. Outcome measures included observer and patient subjective assessment of the scar, and objective evaluation of the erythema and melanin content of the scar and the surrounding skin.ResultsThe tattoo group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in the subjective evaluation of their scars. Scar melanin content reached equivalence with the surrounding skin. Observer and patient subjective global ratings support the use of dry tattooing.ConclusionsDry‐tattooing followed by UV light exposure may provide a safe and effective means for the treatment of hypopigmented scars.
Connexins within the rat larynx
Authors: Van Deusen Mark B. , Lyon Michael J. 
Published: November 2008

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the types and localization of connexins within the rat larynx.Study DesignQuantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) of the epiglottis and laryngeal mucosa was used to identify connexins (Cx). Immunohistochemical labeling was then used to localize the Cxs within the larynx.MethodsTwelve larynges from 3 to 4 month old Fisher‐344 rats were used. RNA was extracted (N = 8) and cDNA produced. Primers for Cx26, Cx30, Cx32, Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43 were added and qRT‐PCR performed. Others larynges were serially sectioned for immunohistochemistry.ResultsqRT‐PCR revealed Cx43, Cx32, and Cx30 within the epiglottis and Cx43 in the vocal folds and Cx43 and Cx32 within the subglottic mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed these results.ConclusionThe rat epiglottis is rich in Cx43, Cx32, and Cx30 whereas the vocal folds contain Cx43 and the subglottic mucosa Cx43 and Cx32. Their localizations suggest involvement in secretion for protective purposes and they may play a key role in laryngeal pathoses.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Reirradiation after Salvage Surgery and Microvascular free flap Reconstruction for Recurrent Head and Neck Carcinoma
Authors: Suh Jeffrey D. , Kim Brian P. , Abemayor Elliot , Sercarz Joel A. , Nabili Vishad , Liu Jerome H. , Juillard Guy J. , Blackwell Keith E. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome and complications of reirradiation of recurrent head and neck cancer after salvage surgery and microvascular reconstruction.Study DesignRetrospective.Subjects and MethodsTwelve patients underwent salvage surgery with microvascular reconstruction for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer in a previously irradiated field. Median prior radiation therapy dose was 63.0 Gy. Patients then underwent postoperative reirradiation, and received a median total cumulative radiation dose of 115.0 Gy.ResultsThree (25%) patients experienced acute complications (<3 months) during reirradiation. Four (33%) patients developed grade 3 or 4 late reirradiation complications (>3 months). There were no incidences of free flap failure, brain necrosis, spinal cord injury, or carotid rupture. The incidence of soft tissue necrosis and osteoradionecrosis was 8%. Six (50%) patients are alive without evidence of recurrent disease a median of 40 months after reirradiation.ConclusionMicrovascular free flaps allow for maximal resection and reliable reconstruction of previously irradiated cancers before high dose reirradiation and may reduce the incidence of severe late complications and treatment related mortality.
Temporal bone Pneumatization in Otosclerosis
Authors: Ganc Daniel T. , Jyung Robert W. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectivesTo determine whether there is a difference in the pneumatization of temporal bones with otosclerosis versus normal temporal bones.MethodsA retrospective study of 46 ears from 24 adult patients with otosclerosis and 64 ears from 47 adult patients in a control group. The study group included temporal bone CT scans available from patients with otosclerosis. The control group consisted of patients who had temporal bone CTs for reasons likely unrelated to a history of middle ear disease. Data were obtained with a virtual reality system that allows three‐dimensional manipulation and analysis.ResultsThe temporal bone pneumatization for the otosclerosis group was 4.82 ± 2.27 cm3 vs 6.06 ± 2.71 cm3 for the control group. Two‐sample t test analysis revealed no statistical significance (P = 0.059) between pneumatization in the control vs otosclerosis groups.ConclusionThere is no difference in temporal bone pneumatization between patients with otosclerosis and a control population. Therefore, temporal bone pneumatization by itself is not an adequate explanation for the apparent protective effect of otosclerosis against otitis media.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Hearing Impairment in the Neonate of Preeclamptic Women
Authors: Bakhshaee Mehdi , Boskabadi Hassan , Hassanzadeh Malihe , Nourizadeh Navid , Ghassemi Mohammad Mehdi , Khazaeni Kamran , Moghiman Toktam , Tale Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2008

ObjectivePreeclampsia is a critical condition that puts both pregnant women and their offspring at risk for multiorgan failure, including inner ear, due to systemic toxemia and vascular events. This study was done to determine the probable prevalence of hearing impairment in children whose mothers had pregnancy‐induced hypertension, compared to those born to healthy mothers.Methods and MaterialsA cohort study was performed on two groups; the first group was made up of the offspring of preeclamptic women (n = 36) and the second was made up of offspring born to healthy mothers (n = 114). They were matched for sex and age. Other confounding variables that could have influenced the hearing were excluded. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and auditory brain response (ABR) tests were performed to screen hearing loss in each group.ResultsFailure rates in the first step for cases and controls were 33.33 percent and 12.76%, respectively, which showed a significant difference statistically (P = 0.001). However, the final results of the second TEOAE and ABR between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough it does not seem that pregnancy toxemia plays a role in permanent hearing loss in neonates of affected mothers, it might have a transient effect on hearing.
Varieties of the Regulatory State? Government-Business Relations and Telecommunications Reforms in Malaysia and Thailand
Authors: Painter Martin , Wong Shiu-fai 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Discussions of regulatory reform in the telecommunications sector almost without exception take for granted the case for convergence. Pressures on national regulators to conform to liberalisation programs and to open up domestic markets so as to give free play to new technology investments seem to be inexorable, by many accounts. Privatisation, deregulation, re-regulation to strengthen competitive pressures, removal of barriers to trade and foreign investment and so on are recommended in varying mixtures as a common recipe. Institutional pressures, particularly international agreements, underscore these trends. They are associated in the literature with the emergence of the “regulatory state” as a global phenomenon. This paper explores the argument that there are varieties of the regulatory state, shaped by local administrative cultures and political circumstances, through analysis of the process of telecoms liberalisation and regulatory reform in Malaysia and Thailand. It is argued that the legacy of domestic policies and the interests that are entailed in them are major factors in shaping the mix of policies and instruments to be found in the field, despite considerable convergence with the appointment of independent regulators to administer pro-competitive regulatory regimes.
Beyond “Political Will”: How Institutional Context Shapes the Implementation of Anti-Corruption Policies
Authors: Fritzen Scott 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Many anti-corruption initiatives face an inherent dilemma: the very actors which must adopt and implement policies to curb corruption are those which may face weak, or even negative, incentives to do so. Where corruption in authoritarian states is already endemic, a vicious form of this “orthodox paradox” emerges, as elites adopting anti-corruption measures attempt to police themselves. This paper presents an institutionalist approach to linking the context of anti-corruption reforms to their likely effectiveness and sustainability. It applies this approach to the assessment of Vietnam’s 2005 anti-corruption law.
The Discovery of an Anglo-Saxon Painted Figure at St Mary's Church, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire
Authors: Bagshaw Steve , Bryant Richard , Hare Michael 
Published: November 2008

The church of St Mary at Deerhurst in Gloucestershire is well known for its Anglo-Saxon fabric and sculpture. In 1993 a painting of an Anglo-Saxon figure was discovered, and in 2002 it became possible for the authors to study the painting in detail.The painting is on one of a pair of triangular-headed stone panels set high in the internal east wall of the church. The discovery provides a significant addition to the tiny corpus of known Anglo-Saxon wall paintings. The identity of the standing, nimbed figure remains elusive, but the figure can be tentatively dated on art historical grounds to the middle to late tenth century.The authors also explore the structural context of the painting. It is suggested that in the first half of the ninth century the church had an upper floor over the central space (the present east end), and that this floor possibly extended over the whole church. At the east end, there were internal openings from this upper floor into a high-level space in the polygonal apse. At a later date two of these openings were blocked and covered by stone panels, one of which is the subject of this paper. It is possible that the panels flanked a high-level altar or an opening through which a shrine, set on a high-level floor in the apse, could be viewed.
The Dunaverney and Little Thetford Flesh-Hooks: History, Technology and Their Position within the Later Bronze Age Atlantic Zone Feasting Complex
Authors: Bowman Sheridan , Needham Stuart 
Published: November 2008

Discovered in County Antrim and Cambridgeshire respectively, the Dunaverney and Little Thetford flesh-hooks are two of only thirty-six currently known examples from the Bronze Age of the Atlantic seaboard of Europe. Both are impressive and enigmatic objects and are among the most elaborate of later-series flesh-hooks dating to c 1100–800 BC. Not surprisingly, from the time it was found in 1829, Dunaverney was the subject of much antiquarian interest. Yet, despite their rarity and unusualness, the Dunaverney and Little Thetford flesh-hooks have never been adequately studied.Our investigations have provided an understanding of the technology of these two fleshhooks, as well as new chronological information for the type as a whole. They have also revealed new uses of lost-wax casting in the British Isles, where the use of this technique is otherwise rare. The bird motifs on the Dunaverney flesh-hook remain unique, although it is now possible to set them against a broader background of iconographic representations on Atlantic feasting gear. Moreover, certain recurring design features may suggest that iconographic symbols were originally more often present on flesh-hooks. The findspot of Dunaverney lies at the heart of deposits of other contemporary prestige metalwork and that of Little Thetford within the greatest concentration of finds of the innovative Wilburton-stage metalworking tradition; both re-enforce the social significance of these rare objects.