bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of toxic anterior segment syndrome following vitreoretinal surgery – A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kannan Naresh B , Sivadarshan M , Sarkar Avik Dey , Vallinayagam MuthuKrishnan , Ramaswamy Kim 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is an uncommon complication of vitreoretinal surgery and is characterized by severe anterior chamber reaction, hypopyon, and limbus-to-limbus corneal edema.

Methods:
Twenty-nine vitreoretinal surgeries were performed, of which 14 developed TASS in the early postoperative period. The operative records were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
The median age of patients was 49.07 ± 16.75 years and 14.28% of them were female. Also, 71.42% were operated in the left eye and 42.8% were pseudophakic. Recurrent retinal detachment, secondary scleral-fixating intraocular lens (SFIOL), and silicone oil removal (SOR) were the most common procedures. Severe anterior chamber reaction was seen in 14 patients, circumcorneal congestion in eight, corneal edema in 11 (78.6%), hypopyon in 13 (92.8%), and severe fibrin membrane in two patients.

Conclusion:
We describe the largest series of TASS following uneventful vitreoretinal surgery. Balanced salt solution was the instigating agent in this series. A prompt and thorough investigation is critical in obviating recurrences.
Hospital corneal retrieval program: A long way to go
Authors: Jain Anu , Sen Snigdha , Upadhyay Prerna , Dwivedi Nishi , Singh Lokesh K , Agrawal Renu , Kumar Sarvesh 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The Hospital Corneal Retrieval Program (HCRP) aims to counsel and encourage the family of a critically ill or deceased person in the hospital for eye donation. Adequately sensitized health-care workers (HCWs) may play a pivotal role in boosting HCRP.

Study Design:
Multicentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study.

Methods:
Study participants included all HCWs of three medical colleges, including one with eye bank and corneal transplant services. A pretested, structured questionnaire was used to record the awareness, knowledge, and attitude about eye donation among HCWs. The expected outcome was to seek differences in awareness, if any, among medical and paramedical workers of medical colleges with (group A) or without (group B) eye bank and corneal transplant facilities.

Results:
Of the 4060 study participants, 2100 HCWs were in group A and the rest (1960) were in group B. For eight out of 13 questions assessing awareness and perception, a statistically insignificant difference in responses was observed between the two groups. Regarding questions related to attitude, although the majority of HCWs in both groups were comfortable talking about eye donation, they did feel that counseling relatives of a terminally ill patient about eye donation was insensitive. Less than half of HCWs showed a willingness to donate eyes, and about half of the participants wanted to acquire more knowledge about eye donation.

Conclusion:
Awareness regarding eye donation among HCWs was mostly found to be at dismal levels, irrespective of whether they worked in an institute with or without eye bank and corneal transplant services. This warrants an accelerated effort at sensitizing HCWs as a strengthening measure for HCRP.
Quality and applicability of cadaveric donor eyes for molecular biology research: An Indian experience
Authors: Kulshrestha Prerna , Sharma Sarmeela , Vishwakarma Sushma , Ali Mohammed J , Dave Tarjani V , Kaur Inderjeet 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Human ocular tissue banking plays an important part in the advancement of translational research for identifying the molecular processes involved in disease etiology and pathogenesis. Timely obtaining a good-quality ocular tissue from a cadaveric donor is exceedingly difficult, especially in remote areas, with a variable transportation time (within 12–24 h), raising concerns about RNA quality and its subsequent applications. Therefore, we assessed the utility of retinal tissues from cadaver donor and enucleated eyes based on the RNA quality and gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Settings and Design:
Prospective study.

Methods:
Retina tissues were separated from the donor/enucleated eyes received in the eye bank within 24 h of death (n = 15) and within an hour from OR (n = 3), respectively, and stored immediately at -80 degree. RNA was isolated using trizol, and the quantity and quality were assessed using Qubit and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. QPCR was performed for measuring the expression of different retinal-specific genes. The cellular viability of the retina was assessed by establishing explant primary cell cultures.

Statistical Analysis:
The data were calculated as an average of normalised Ct values ± standard error of the mean.

Results:
RNA obtained from cadaveric tissues despite being partially degraded showed a uniform strong gene expression of several retinal-specific genes such as PAX6, RHO, TUBB3, CRX, and ALDH1L1. The primary cultures established from cadaveric tissues showed viable cells.

Conclusion:
The cadaver donor tissues collected within 24 hours of death can be effectively utilized for gene expression profiling.
An Analysis of the clinical and investigative profile of uveitis in the elderly: First case series from India
Authors: Magesan Kowsigan , Ahmed Arshee , George Amala E , Ganesh Sudha K , Biswas Jyotirmay , Dutta Majumder Parthopratim 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the spectrum of uveitis occurring after 60 years of age in elderly patients who presented to a tertiary care eye center in India.

Methods:
Retrospective study of patients who visited a tertiary eye care institute between January 2010 and July 2020.

Result:
Eighty-seven patients developed uveitis after 60 years, with only 44.8% having sufficient follow-up documentation and were included in the final analysis. The median age of these patients was 64 (IQR: 62–70) years, and 69% of them were male. Among the identifiable causes of uveitis, infectious uveitis (36%) was the most common and noninfectious uveitis was noted in 23% of patients. The most common subtype of uveitis was anterior uveitis (52%), followed by intermediate uveitis (32%), panuveitis (11%), and posterior uveitis (7%). Tuberculosis (28%) was the most common cause in our cohort, followed by HLA B27 (10%), sarcoid (8%), and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (5%). In 41% of patients, a definitive diagnosis of uveitis could not be achieved, and the anterior uveitis group had the highest number of undifferentiated uveitis cases. There were no undifferentiated cases of uveitis in the posterior and panuveitis category. The median follow-up period of these patients was 52 (15–91) months and 66% of eyes had recurrence. A statistically significant improvement in vision was seen in anterior uveitis and panuveitis groups, whereas the median visual acuity of the intermediate uveitis group remained stable throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
Uveitis in the elderly can have a higher recurrence rate; however, the lack of follow-up in these groups of patients is a major challenge.
Chandelier-assisted scleral buckle surgery – contact versus non-contact wide-angle viewing system (CAB-CNV): A retrospective, multicenter, clinical study
Authors: Kelkar Aditya S , Nagpal Manish , Mondal Sukanya , Mehrotra Navneet , Jain Harsh , Sharma Akansha , Camus Erwin , Sathaye Vaidehi 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To investigate and compare the anatomic and functional outcomes of chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (CASB) surgery using contact versus non-contact lens-based wide-angle viewing systems (WAVSs) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, multicenter study evaluating the anatomic (reattachment rate) and visual acuity (VA) outcomes at 6 months post-CASB for primary RRD.

Results:
Forty-seven RRD patients underwent CASB with a non-contact WAVS (Group C1) and 90 with a contact lens WAVS (Group C2). Preoperative parameters including myopia, macula-off RRD, posterior vitreous detachment, number of retinal breaks, and retinal dialysis as the etiology of RRD did not differ significantly between the two groups. The outcomes of retinal attachment (85.11% of C1 patients and 76.67% of C2 patients, P = 0.34) and final visual outcome (VA ≥6/12: C1 = 61.7%; C2 = 46.67%, P = 0.13) were also comparable. Furthermore, no significant difference in postoperative complications such as cataracts, glaucoma, infection, buckle exposure, and buckle failure was observed. Finally, both groups were comparable in terms of re-detachment rates (10.64% in C1 and 23.33% in C2, P = 0.11).

Conclusion:
The two WAVS approaches used in CASB surgery have comparable surgical and functional outcomes and postoperative complications. The operating surgeon can freely choose between these viewing platforms during the contemporary scleral bucking (SB) surgery without impacting the outcome.
Management of a pediatric mandibular symphysis fracture with a custom acrylic cap splint
Authors: Chaudhary Ayeshwarya Rajendra , Sampat Saumil Chetan , Roy Malvika Suresh , Afonso Macnol 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Traumatic dentoalveolar injuries in pediatric patients are a common occurrence. Treatment strategies for managing mandibular fractures in pediatric patients are dissimilar to that of adult patients. The dynamic nature of bone, developing tooth buds, parent’s levels of apprehension, and the patient’s level of cooperation are some of the factors which dictate the treatment of choice. Treatment rendered should aim at the stabilization of fractured segments with minimum invasiveness. The purpose of this case report is to describe the management of mandibular symphysis fracture in a 1-year-old boy using an acrylic splint which is stabilized with circummandibular wiring.
Tooth mobility index
Authors: Melath Anil , Raveendran Arjun Machingal , Kelotte Deepith , Jaison Desmin , Dharshika V. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The presence of tooth mobility is frequently observed as a typical consequence and potential exacerbating factor for periodontal disease. The successful handling of this issue significantly impacts the results of periodontal therapy. To ensure the effective clinical management of tooth mobility, it is imperative to possess a precisely evaluating tooth mobility indices. This article aims at different indices that are done and evaluates their respective constraints.
A clinical study on cognitive dysfunction in depressed patients
Authors: Kishore Karnik , Medhi Deepanjali 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Major depression is a commonly occuring, seriously impairing, and often recurrent mental disorder. Depression and cognitive impairement have enormous implications for public health. Cognitive symptoms represent one of the core features of depression and have an impact on many functional outcomes. Different cognitive domains such as attention and concentration, psychomotor speed, executive functioning, and memory have been found to be implicated.

Aim:
This study aimed at assessing the cognitive domains affected and severity of cognitive dysfunction in first-episode patients of the unipolar depressive episode without psychosis and to assess the correlation of association of severity of cognitive deficit with severity of depression.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 40 patients with depression diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases Research Diagnostic Criteria and 40 healthy controls were included. PGI Battery of Brain Dysfunction, Frontal Assessement Battery, and Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAM–D) were adminstered, and analysis was done using Chi-square test, unpaired t-test, and Pearson’s correlation.

Results:
The study revealed significant differences in the dysfunction scores between the study and control populations. In the study group, more than 80% of patients had cognitive dysfunction and a positive correlation was found between dysfunction and HAM–D scores.

Conclusion:
Depression is associated with significant disturbance in cognitive functioning, and the cognitive dysfunction increases with an increase in the severity of depression.
Clinical Utility of Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation
Authors: Arora Shweta , Kumar Rohit , Kaushik Rajnish , Ish Pranav , Mahendran A. J. , Madan Manu , Gupta Neeraj Kumar , Gupta Nitesh 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well-recognized intervention in the management of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is designed to improve patients’ physical and psychosocial conditions. The primary aim of the study was to determine the effect of PR on ultrasonography (USG) assessment of diaphragmatic excursion.

Materials and Methods:
The current study is a prospective, interventional study in COPD (Group D) patients. All subjects underwent 8 weeks of supervised PR. The baseline assessment with USG diaphragmatic excursion, quadriceps femoris (QF) thickness, biceps brachii (BB) thickness, mid-thigh circumference, mid-arm circumference, modified Medical Research Council score, 6-min walk distance, COPD assessment test score, and after 8 weeks of supervised rehabilitation same parameters observed.

Results:
About 25.71% of the study population was in the age group range of 45–55 years, 51.43% between 56 and 65 years and 22.86% within 66–75 years of the age group. Out of 35 patients, 15 (42.86%) were females and the rest 20 (57.14%) were males. A significant increase was found in the diaphragmatic excursion (cm) from (P < 0.0001), mid-arm circumference (cm) (P < 0.0001), BB thickness (cm) (P < 0.0001) (upper limb strength and endurance training), and mid-thigh circumference (cm) (P < 0.0001) along with QF thickness (cm) (P < 0.0001) (lower limb strength and endurance training).

Conclusion:
An 8-week physical and PR program in COPD patients can lead to an improved USG diaphragmatic excursion.
A Rare Case of Fungal Synovitis Presenting as Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
Authors: Iqbal Banyameen , Agarwal Mallika , Kambale Tushar Jalindar , Choudhury Nilanjana Dhar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Synovitis is a disorder that develops when the synovial tissue or joint lining becomes inflamed. The term pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) refers to a form of tenosynovial giant cell neoplasm affecting the tendon and joint soft-tissue lining. We describe the rare case of a 37-year-old male presenting with complaints of swelling in the left knee following trauma. Patients have a limited range of motion. There is a previous history of an accident 1 year back for which he was operated. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture. The clinical diagnosis and radiologic findings were in favor of PVNS. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of fungus. It was further confirmed by fungal culture, for which the patient was given antifungals and was further followed up in the orthopedics outpatient clinic. Thus, we diagnosed fungal synovitis in a patient who came with clinical presentation and MRI findings suggestive of PVNS.
Incidence and Management of Post-dural Puncture Headache among Parturients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nair Sobha S. , Puthenveettil Nitu 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is a known complication following spinal and epidural anesthesia.

Study Design:
This is a retrospective study to assess the incidence, risk factors, severity, and management of PDPH.

Materials:
The data were extracted from the medical records. All parturients who gave birth under spinal anesthesia or epidural analgesia were included. Maternal demographics, the size of the needle, the position of the parturient, and the day of onset of the headache were noted. Categorical variables were expressed using frequency and percentage and numerical variables as mean and standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance test was used for cross-comparison between groups.

Results:
A total of 35 patients developed PDPH. It was managed conservatively in 65.71%, with Sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) in 28.57% and by epidural blood patch (EBP) in 5.72%. The mean age was 28.6 years and body mass index was 27.2. 25G spinal needle was used in 54.3% and 23G in 28.6%. At 30 minute, pain score was <4 in SPGB and EBP. At 2 hours, pain score was <4 in all patients. The difference in the drop in pain score was statistically significant with a P value of < .002 at all time points. On cross-comparison, conservative management with SPGB and blood patch was statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The incidence of PDPH was 0.8%. We can continue with the 23G and 25G Whitacre needles due to the incidence of PDPH being lower. The use of SPGB and EBP is effective in management of severe PDPH.
Radiological Study of Synovial Chondromatosis of the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Budakoti Akansha , Choudhary Anuridhi , Bhandari Akanksha , Samlok Japnit Kaur 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are usually accompanied by changes in the bone structure of the TMJ brought on by degenerative processes. Osteophytes, erosion, flattening, subchondral sclerosis, pseudocysts, TMJ remodeling, articular cartilage abrasion, bone degradation, and synovial inflammation are among the characteristics of degenerative joint disease. Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is one of the degenerative joint conditions, which is defined by the growth of cartilaginous nodules, which are typically loose in the joint space of the synovial membrane. Its appearance in the TMJ, however, is more uncommon than in other large joints such as the knee and hip and is accompanied by preauricular pain, swelling, and restricted mouth opening. However, we recently encountered cases of degenerative joint disorder, i.e., of SC of TMJ, which showed the typical histopathological findings along with the typical imaging findings on Panoramic radiography (PAN) TMJ and cone-beam computed tomography images.
A Comparative Study to Observe the Effects of Online Lectures and Flipped Classroom-Assisted Sessions among First-Phase MBBS Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chaudhuri Arunima 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The past decade has encouraged learner-centered approaches which expect students to take greater responsibility for their learning and support each other’s progress. The flipped classroom (FC) is a teaching–learning tool that uses learner-centeredness. The present comparative study was conducted to observe the effects of online lectures and FC-assisted sessions among first-phase MBBS students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the participants. Two hundred first MBBS students participated and were divided into two Groups A and B. Ten topics of neurophysiology were taught to both groups using either FC-assisted self-directed learning (SDL) sessions or online lecture classes. A cross-over of groups was done to prevent any bias. Pretest and posttest scores of all topics were assessed using multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and feedback was taken. Program evaluation was done.

Results:
There was no significant difference in performance in pretest MCQ examinations between the two groups. Students of both Groups A and B performed significantly better in posttest MCQ examinations as compared to pretest MCQ examinations. However, the posttest results of the FC group were better. Faculty and students provided positive views in support of the sessions. Students were highly satisfied with the program.

Conclusions:
FC needs to be introduced in medical schools early, to help young medical students to develop SDL skills which will enhance their ability to become lifelong learners and improve the quality of patient care in long run.
Expected Additional Protection Rate against Omicron COVID-19 Infection and Death for the Fifth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine: An Appraisal from an Endemic Area in Indochina
Authors: untipantip Rujittika Mungmunp , Wiwanitkit Viroj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
COVID-19 is still a global emergency with no effective treatment. Vaccination is the greatest option for disaster management. COVID-19 vaccination is now universally acknowledged as an effective primary COVID-19 preventive strategy. In the case of the introduction of a new strain, as well as the likely loss of public immunity following routine mass vaccination, some scientists are recommending a fifth dosage vaccine. Because the efficacy of the fifth vaccine dose is unknown, any investigation into its efficacy is intriguing.

Materials and Methods:
To evaluate an additional protection rate against omicron COVID-19 infection and death resulting from a fifth dose of COVID-19 vaccine, the authors of this study used a clinical model technique.

Results:
According to simulations, the fifth immunization dose can still enhance immunity and provide additional protection against omicron COVID-19 infection. Despite this, the fifth immunisation dose can still enhance immunity while providing no additional protection against omicron COVID-19 mortality.

Conclusions:
There is no additional benefit in terms of avoiding omicron COVID-19 death because just four vaccination doses are required to protect against mortality.
A Comparison of Efficacy of Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma and Conventional Sutures in Anchoring Split Skin Graft on Wounds
Authors: Gupta Urbee , Bellad Anilkumar P. , Powar Rajesh S. , Sultanpur Chetan V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
Split thickness skin grafting (STSG) restores cutaneous cover over wounds thus protecting the underlying surface from contamination, fluid loss and stimulates healing. Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) provides a large number of platelets and high concentration of growth factors which promote overall uptake of STSG.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the immediate, subsequent adhesion and final take of STSG with application of PRP over recipient site.

Methods and Material:
1 year Randomised Control Trial where 80 wounds of various aetiologies were randomised into intervention group (n=40) which received PRP before placing STSG on recipient site and control group (n=40) in which the graft was fixed in place with sutures alone. Immediate graft adhesion and subsequent graft uptake were compared between the two groups and statistical analysis was done with: SPSS Version 20.

Results:
Irrespective of aetiology, and size, among a total of 80 wounds 87.5% grafts had adhered by 1st minute of application in the intervention group compared to nil in control group (p< 0.0001). Graft uptake was assessed on first three consecutive dressings. There was significantly better graft uptake in intervention group compared to control group [third dressing uptake (98.29%, 93%, p< 0.0001) respectively].Difference in seroma and haematoma formation were also compared between the two groups and found to be not significant. (p>0.05) Conclusions: Application of topical PRP facilitates STSG uptake. It decreases operative time by decreasing mobility of graft over the wound bed. Thus, use of PRP improves outcome of split thickness skin graft in wounds of various aetiologies and we recommend use of the same at recipient site of STSG.
CTRI/2021/06/034401