bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in lipase activities during germination (in dark) of γ‐irradiated castor‐seeds
Authors: Thanki R. J. , Patel K. C. , Patel R. D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA special variety ofR. communis selected for the present investigation, indicated two types of lipases. One of these, is active at pH 4.5 and another at pH 6.8. The acid lipase was maximum in dry seeds. The control and the irradiated seeds when germinated in dark showed a decrease in acid lipase. The decrease in acid lipase was dependent on the period of germination and the applied irradiation dose. The presence of a de novo synthesis of another activity measured at pH 6.8 was found after 24 hr of germination of the control as well as the irradiated seeds. The new activity termed as a neutral lipase showed a gradual increase with the period of germination. Irradiation played a characteristic role in the production of this activity.
Corticoid release and gluconeogenesis following triglyceride ingestion in the rat
Authors: Lenz Paul H. , Wien George H. , Fleischman Alan I. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFollowing a 5.0 ml triglyceride (cottonseed oil) gavage, there was a 60% elevation in the blood glucose concentration by the seventh hour in naturally occurring hypertriglyceridemic rats of the Long Evans strain. Glycogenolysis from liver or gastrocnemius muscle glycogen did not seem to be the source of this glucose. A significant elevation in the plasma total amino acid concentration concomitant with a peak in the blood urea nitrogen concentration by the fifth hour after gavage implicated gluconeogenesis. A prolonged plasma total corticoid elevation from hours 1 1/2 through 3 post‐ingestion, which did not occur in non‐fed or mineral oil‐fed cohorts, supported gluconeogenesis. The serum total protein concentration rose significantly and progressively to a peak by the eighth hour due to an elevation in the albumin concentration. These elevations in serum proteins appeared to support glucocorticoid mediated gluconeogenesis. Adrenalectomy appeared to negate triglyceride‐induced elevation in serum free amino acids, urea nitrogen, total protein and albumin.
Polymorphism of glyceryl ethers and ether esters
Authors: Lutton E. S. , Stewart C. B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPhase behavior has been studied by thermal and diffraction methods for 1‐and 2‐palmityl and stearyl ethers of glycerol and for 14 trialkyl glyceryl ethers, dialkyl monoacyl glyceryl ethers and monoalkyl diacyl glyceryl ethers, all of which were saturated trichain substituted glycerol compounds containing one or more of the following chains: palmityl (Py), palmitoyl (P), stearyl (Sy) and stearoyl (S). The monoalkyl glyceryl ethers resemble monoglycerides in crystallization behavior but with significant differences. Isomeric 1‐ and 2‐ethers are very close in melting point. The 1‐ethers show, besides a stable form, two other forms which transform reversibly to each other. The 2‐ethers are polymorphic but with only one clearly established melting level. All trichain compounds were polymorphic also, most being dimorphic, each exhibiting a metastable α form, typically more stable than that of related triglycerides. Forms other than α were labeled I, II, etc., in order of decreasing melting point and were typically obtained from solvent. Polymorphic behavior showed some rather large departures from that of related triglycerides and appeared generally more sensitive to impurities. The two triethers, PyPyPy and SySySy were dimorphic each with a stable form much resembling metastable α in diffraction pattern, hence presumed to be of a new (more dense) hexagonal type of cross sectional structure. Three dialkyl monoacyl compounds PyPyP, SySyS and SyPyS and also three monoalkyl diacyl compounds PPyP, SSyS and SPyS were dimorphic, with Form I a stable, nontilted, somewhat β′‐like form. PySyS and PSyP, which were trimorphic, showed such a β′‐like form as a Form II, i.e., a second highest melting point. The stable phase of four compounds, namely PyPP, SySS, PySyS (all trimorphic) and dimorphic PySS (and possibly that of SyPP) could be called a β phase. Presence of an alkyl group on the 2 position of glycerol, in all but the PySyS, prevented β structure. PSyP and SyPP exhibited triple chain length structures, not encountered in saturated mixed triglycerides with less than four carbons difference in the acyl chains. SyPP was exceptional in showing four forms.
Exceptional occurrence of odd‐chain fatty acids in smelt (Osmerus mordax) from Jeddore Harbour, Nova Scotia
Authors: Addison R. F. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of smelt,Osmerus mordax, from several areas in Eastern Canada is reported. Smelt from Jeddore Harbour, N.S., were unusual in having up to 10% of C15, C17 and C19 acids. These acids were similar in structure to odd‐chain acids occurring in other marine lipids, notably mullet, and were distributed among all body and gonad lipids. Possible reasons for their occurrence are discussed.
Reactions of fatty aldehydes with fatty alcohols: Formation of acetals, hemiacetals and alk‐1‐enyl alkyl ethers
Authors: Mahadevan V. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA convenient method for the synthesis of acetals of fatty aldehydes and fatty alcohols by transacetatlation between fatty aldehyde dimethyl acetals and fatty alcohols is described. The acetals undergo decomposition to the alk‐1‐enyl alkyl ethers during GLC. Equimolar mixtures of fatty aldehydes and fatty alcohols show hemiacetal structure as evidenced by IR spectra in KBr discs but are dissociated completely into their components in solution and during TLC. They do not undergo dehydration and conversion to alk‐1‐enyl alkyl ethers during GLC under conditions of dealcoholization of acetals but are dissociated into aldehydes and alcohols.
Glycodihydrofusidate: Biliary excretion and its effect on biliary secretion of the rat
Authors: Montet J. C. , Montet A. M. , Gerolami A. , Amic J. , Hauton J. C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGlycodihydrofusidate, which has the same detergent properties as bile salts, is excreted almost exclusively by the bile duct after intravenous injection in the rat. As with bile salts, it leads to a significant (P≤0.05) increase in excretion of lecithins and cholesterol (0.15 μmol lecithin and 0.026 μmol cholesterol per 1 μmol of glycodihydrofusidate excreted). In addition, this drug simultaneously inhibits excretion of both endogenous bile salts and bile pigments.
Identification of plant sterols in plasma and red blood cells of man and experimental animals
Authors: Kuksis A. , Marai L. , Myher J. J. , Geher K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDirect gas liquid chromatography (GLC) of total plasma lipids showed small peaks (0.5–1.5% of total free sterol area) corresponding to free C28 and C29 sterols in ca. 50% of some 3,000 normal subjects and patients with hyperlipemia. Comparable proportions of similar peaks were present in the sterol fraction isolated from the red blood cells of many of these subjects. The maximum levels of these components in the plasma and red blood cells of domestic and laboratory animals were up to 10 times higher than those seen in man. Detailed gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of the plasma lipids from a much more limited number of subjects and animals showed that the GLC peaks corresponding to the free C28 and C29 sterols were largely due to the plant sterols campesterol, stigmasterol, and β‐sitosterol. In all instances, variable amounts (0.05–0.2% of the total free sterol area) of 7‐dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, lanosterol, and cholesterol α‐oxide were also detected. While the total content and composition of the plasma plant sterols appeared to vary greatly among the subjects, it never exceeded 2% of total sterol in the normal subjects and patients examined. There was no evidence for a significant increase in the plant sterol content of the plasma of patients with hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia.
Age‐related changes in the lipid metabolism of Fisher 344 rats
Authors: Story Jon A. , Tepper Shirley A. , Kritchevsky David 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLipid metabolism of male Fisher 344 rats aged 2–24 months was studied. Serum and liver cholesterol levels did not display the age‐related gradual increase seen in other rat strains. An increase in the serum plus liver cholesterol pool from 2 to 6 months was followed by a plateau through 18 months and then another increase at 24 months of age. The triglyceride pool increased from 2 to 6 months and then remained unchanged through 24 months of age. Cholesterol synthesis from acetate decreased 50% between 2 and 9 months and fell only slightly through 24 months of age. Assay of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase showed a similar pattern but did not decrease further after 9 months of age. Cholesterol 7α hydroxylase activity was not significantly altered by age. These age‐ and strain‐related differences present an opportunity for a comparative study of the aging process using the parameters of lipid metabolism as indicators.
Effect of ethanol ingestion on choline phosphotransferase and phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase activities in liver microsomes
Authors: Uthus Erico O. , Skurdal David N. , Cornatzer W. E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of ethanol ingestion on choline phosphotransferase and phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase activities, the two enzymes involved in phosphatidyl choline biosynthesis in liver microsomes, has been investigated. Female rats were fed a 5% ethanol‐liquid diet containing amino acids, minerals, vitamins, with and without choline, for 2, 6, and 10 weeks. Control animals were pair‐fed the same isocaloric diet with 5% sucrose with and without choline. Ethanol administration with or without dietary choline stimulated significantly (P<0.001) the specific activities of phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase in liver microsomes in the animals fed 5% ethanol for 2, 6, and 10 weeks, when compared to those control animals pairfed the isocaloric diet with or without choline. Ethanol administration with or without dietary choline for 2 weeks stimulated significantly (P<0.02) the specific activities of choline phosphotransferase. The specific activities of phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase continued to increase in the liver microsomes from the animals in which dietary choline was omitted for 2, 6, and 10 weeks in the sucrose controls and alcohol‐fed animals. Ethanol administration stimulates significantly (P<0.001) the phosphatidyl ethanolamine methyltransferase specific activities in liver microsomes of animals fed the liquid diet with dietary omission of choline and methionine for 2 weeks.
Double bond position affects metabolism ofcis‐octadecenoates
Authors: Mounts T. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe metabolic fate ofcis‐positional isomers of octadecenoates has been compared to that of naturally occurring oleic acid (cis‐Δ9). Radioactive mixtures of tritium‐labeled positional octadecenoate isomer and oleic acid‐10‐14C were administered to laying hens, and their eggs were analyzed for the isotopic ratios (3H/14C) incorporated into total egg lipid, triglycerides, and phospholipids. Variations in the isotopic ratios indicated the comparative metabolic utilization ofcis‐positional isomers Δ8 through Δ12. Incorporation into egg lipid fractions is as follows: triglycerides: Δ9>Δ8, Δ9>Δ10, Δ9>Δ11, Δ9>12; phospholipid: Δ9>Δ8, Δ9>Δ10, Δ9<Δ11, Δ9<Δ12.
Effects of protected cyclopropene fatty acids on the composition of ruminant milk fat
Authors: Cook L. J. , Scott T. W. , Mills S. C. , Fogerty A. C. , Johnson A. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractUnsaturated fatty acids can be protected from ruminal hydrogenation, and, when fed to lactating ruminants, the constituent acids are incorporated into milk triacylglycerols. By this means, it has been possible to reduce the melting point of milk triglycerides and to make softer butter fat. This report shows that, by feeding small amounts of protected cyclopropene fatty acids, one is also able to make harder butter fat.Sterculia foetida seed oil, a rich source of cyclopropene fatty acids, was emulsified with casein and spray dried to yield a free flowing dry powder. When this material was treated with formaldehyde and fed to lactating goats (ca. 1 g cyclopropene fatty acids per day), there were substantial increases in the proportions of stearic acid and decreases in the proportions of oleic acid in milk fat. Similar results were obtained when the formaldehyde‐treated supplements were fed to lactating cows (ca. 3 g cyclopropene fatty acids per day). The effect was considerably less apparent when theS. foetida seed oilcasein supplement was not treated with formaldehyde, suggesting that cyclopropene fatty acids are hydrogenated in the rumen as are other unsaturated fatty acids. The effect of feeding protected cyclopropene fatty acids on the stearic: oleic ratio in milk fat is probably due to cyclopropene‐mediated inhibition of the mammary desaturase enzymes.
Utilization of l‐serine in the in vivo biosynthesis of glycerophospholipids by rat liver
Authors: Yeung K. K. F. , Kuksis A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of L‐serine‐U‐14C, L‐serine‐3‐14C, and D,L‐serine‐1‐14C into the glycerophospholipids of rat liver in vivo was determined over a period of 3 min to 13 hr following intravenous injection. The radioactivity from these serines was transferred to variable extent into the glycerol, fatty acid, and nitrogenous base parts of all the glycerophospholipids and neutral lipids. The half‐lives and turnover rates of phosphatidylserine calculated from the precursor‐product specific activity curves obtained with L‐serine‐U‐14C were 14 min and 0.28 μmol/min/liver, respectively. The half‐lives and turnover rates of phosphatidylserine as measured from the decay data of lipid serine from all markers averaged, respectively, 8.2 hr and 0.008 μmol/min/liver. The discrepancy between these turnover rates was attributed to an underestimation of degradation of phosphatidylserine due to its continued biosynthesis and/or an extensive reutilization of L‐serine. By monitoring the formation of radioactive lipid ethanolamine, it was found that phosphatidylserine was decarboxylated at one‐half the rate of lipid serine biosynthesis. It is suggested that as much as one‐half of total phosphatidylserine may be degraded by other mechanisms, such as base exchange with choline, ethanolamine, and serine, as already demonstrated in vitro by other workers. The time course and nature of labeling of phosphatidylcholine was consistent with an extensive conversion of radioactive L‐serine to 1‐carbon fragments and a rapid methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine.
Quantitation of phosphatidyl N‐methyl‐ and N,N‐Dimethylaminoethanol in rat liver
Authors: Katyal S. L. , Lombard B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe contents of phosphatidyl N‐methyl‐and N,N‐dimethylaminoethanol were determined in the liver of rats injected with (Me‐C14) methionine. Total phospholipids were extracted from aliquots of the liver and fractionated by two‐dimensional thin layer chromatography after addition of carrier phosphatidyl‐N‐methyl‐and N,N‐dimethylaminoethanol. The radioactivity present in the two phosphatide spots was determined and used to calculated total disintegrations per min/100 g body wt. The remainder of the livers was pooled, and total phospholipids were isolated and subjected to acid hydrolysis. N‐methyl‐ and N,N‐dimethylaminoethanol were purified by thin layer chromatography, and their specific activity was determined after quantitation by gas liquid chromatography and radioactivity measurement. The liver contents of phosphatidyl N‐methyl‐ and N,N‐dimethylaminoethanol were determined by dividing disintegrations per min/100 g body wt by the specific activity of N‐methyl‐ or N,N‐dimethylaminoethanol.
Effects of sex on formation and properties of plasma very low density lipoprotein in vivo
Authors: Soler‐Argilaga Carlos , Danon Abraham , Wilcox Henry G. , Heimberg Murray 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe concentration and composition of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) lipids and the behavior of the VLDL in a density gradient in the zonal ultracentrifuge were examined in plasma obtained from normal fed male and female rats before and after intravenous injection of Triton WR‐1339. Concentration of lipids in plasma VLDL of female rats was about half that of male animals. Following injection with Triton WR‐1339, the concentration of VLDL lipids was higher in female rats (triacylglycerol) or similar (phospholipid, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters) in both sexes. Female rats secreted much more VLDL triacylglycerol into the plasma compartment than did the male animals under the same experimental conditions. No differences were observed in lipid composition of the VLDL or in the position of the VLDL in the zonal rotor after ultracentrifugation in a density gradient of the lipoprotein from plasma of normal male and female rats before treatment with the detergent. However, after treatment with Triton, a higher proportion of the VLDL particles isolated from plasma of female rats displayed a more rapid rate‐zonal flotation in the ultracentrifuge than did the VLDL produced by the male. The VLDL secreted by female rats contained fewer moles of phospholipid and free sterol per mol triacylglycerol than did the VLDL secreted by male animals under identical experimental conditions. The molar ratio of free cholesterol: cholesteryl ester in the VLDL secreted after treatment with Triton increased in both male and female rats. Simultaneously, the content of arachidonic acid in phospholipid of VLDL increased with a concomitant decrease in cholesteryl ester. These changes in fatty acid composition suggest that the inhibitory effect of Triton on lecithin‐cholesterol acyl transferase activity affects the exchange of lipids between VLDL and high density lipoprotein. It can be concluded from the data reported here that sex influences the concentration of plasma lipids in vivo and the output and properties of the VLDL.
Protective effect of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric acid in alcohol‐induced lipemia
Authors: Yousufzai S. Y. K. , Siddiqi Majid , Abdullah A. K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOral administration of 1 g of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaric acid (HMG) before the ingestion of whiskey and a fatty meal markedly reduced the elevation of serum triglycerides, β‐lipoproteins, phospholipids, and cholesterol in man. In rats receiving an ethanol and corn oil mixture, HMG also inhibited the increase in postprandial serum and liver lipids. A comparative study of HMG and nicotinic acid in rats showed that, therapeutically, 50 mg MHG/kg body weight is equivalent to 200 mg nicotinic acid/kg body weight in offering almost total protection against lipemic effects of ethanol.
Effect of dietary cyclopropene fatty acids on the octadecenoates of individual lipid classes of rat liver and hepatoma
Authors: Wood Randall , Chumbler Fred , Wiegand Rex D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of dietary cyclopropene fatty acids on the concentration of octadecenoate chain positional isomers in individual lipid classes of normal liver, host liver, and hepatoma 7288CTC has been determined. The data revealed the following: (a) Saturated and monoene fatty acid percentages of liver phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines werenot affected, but the percentage of saturated fatty acids of the triglycerides and cholesteryl esters was increased while the monoene percentages decreased. (b) Oleate to vaccenate percentage ratios, previously shown to be characteristic of individual lipid classes, were completely disrupted. (c) Oleate concentrations of the two major liver phospholipids were elevated, and vaccenate levels were dramatically reduced. (d) Cyclopropene fatty acids appear to inhibit monoene elongation. (e) The elevated concentrations of oleate indicate that an alternate route of oleate biosynthesis must exist if the Δ9 desaturation is inhibited by cyclopropene fatty acids as reported previously. (f) In contrast to liver, oleate and vaccenate concentrations in hepatoma were not affected by the dietary cyclopropene fatty acids.
Studies on the hydrogen belts of membranes: III. Glycerol permeability of dihydrosphingomyelin‐cholesterol membranes
Authors: Tirri Lawrence J. , Ayengar Narayan K. N. , Lipton Linda C. , Chatterjie Nithiananda , Brockerhoff Hans 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe permeability of an N‐oleoyldihydrosphingomyelin bilayer against glycerol was similar to that of a bilayer of phosphatidylcholine with identical effective hydrophobic chain length. Cholesterol at 1∶1 molar ratio reduced the permeability, and also reduced the energy of activation of glycerol penetration, an effect not found for diesterphosphatidylcholine with cholesterol. The higher level of the ground state of the entropy of activation for permeability can be interpreted in terms of a hydrogen belt model which postulates lipid‐lipid hydrogen bonding in membranes and explains the effect found as a disturbance of the hydrogen belt structure. Dihydrosphingomyelin can be considered to function as an “extender” in the hydrogen belt network.
Chemical composition of the preen gland secretions from some ciconiiform birds
Authors: Jacob Jürgen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe preen waxes from four Ciconiiformes species are shown to be ester waxes of very different composition. Three species possess monoester waxes with branched wax acids and alcohols. In one of these waxes, homologous series of ethyl‐substituted constituents are observed. In contrast to this, the uropygial gland secretion of the marabou is a triglyceride mixture.
Changes in fatty acid composition of cardiac mitochondrial phospholipids in rats fed rapeseed oil
Authors: Dewailly P. , Nouvelot A. , Sezille G. , Fruchart J. C. , Jaillard J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMale Wistar rats were fed rapeseed oil containing high or low levels or erucic acid for 20 weeks, and changes in the fatty acid composition of cardiac mitochondrial phospholipids were studied. Treatment with rapeseed oil containing 46.2% erucic acid showed incorporation of 22∶1 (5.6%) into isolated cardiolipin from heart mitochondria. After high or low (3.7%) erucic rapeseed oil feeding, linoleic acid was slightly incorporated into cardiolipin. Moreover, both of these rapeseed oils induced a significant increase of linoleate‐arachidonate ratio in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. This ratio was also significantly increased in fatty acids esterified to the β‐position of these phospholipids. On the basis of such results, we have to consider the role of linolenic acid which is present at a high level in the different rapeseed oils used, as a possible inhibitor of heart microsomal enzymes involved in linoleate arachidonate conversion. Such alterations might account for mitochondrial fragility and myocardial lesions obtained in long term rapeseed oil feeding experiments.
Lipid peroxidation: A mechanism involved in acute ethanol toxicity as demonstrated by in vivo pentane production in the rat
Authors: Litov Richard E. , Irving Dennis H. , Downey Jeanne E. , Tappel Al L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of a single dose of ethanol on lipid peroxidation in three groups of rats fed different amounts of vitamin E was determined by the measurement of pentane in the breath. All rats had increased pentane production above basal levels by 15 min following oral administration of 6 g ethanol/kg body wt. The increase in total pentane production during a 13‐hr test period after intragastric administration of ethanol was greater in the rats fed the vitamin E‐deficient diet than in the rats, fed vitamin E‐supplemented diets (α=2P=0.02). The results support the hypothesis that acute ethanol toxicity involves lipid peroxidation and further demonstrate the usefulness in toxicological studies of monitoring pentane as an index of lipid peroxidation in vivo.