bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A very brief description of LOFAR – the Low Frequency Array
Authors: Falcke Heino D. , van Haarlem Michiel P. , de Bruyn A. Ger , Braun Robert , Röttgering Huub J.A. , Stappers Benjamin , Boland Wilfried H.W.M. , Butcher Harvey R. , de Geus Eugène J. , Koopmans Leon V. , Fender Robert P. , Kuijpers H. Jan M.E. , Miley George K. , Schilizzi Richard T. , Vogt Corina , Wijers Ralph A.M.J. , Wise Michael W. , Brouw Willem N. , Hamaker Johan P. , Noordam Jan E. , Oosterloo Thomas , Bähren Lars , Brentjens Michiel A. , Wijnholds Stefan J. , Bregman Jaap D. , van Cappellen Wim A. , Gunst André W. , Kant G.W. (Dion) , Reitsma Jan , van der Schaaf Kjeld , de Vos Cornelis M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLOFAR (Low Frequency Array) is an innovative radio telescope optimized for the frequency range 30–240 MHz. The telescope is realized as a phased aperture array without any moving parts. Digital beam forming allows the telescope to point to any part of the sky within a second. Transient buffering makes retrospective imaging of explosive short-term events possible. The scientific focus of LOFAR will initially be on four key science projects (KSPs): (i) Detection of the formation of the very first stars and galaxies in the universe during the so-called epoch of reionization by measuring the power spectrum of the neutral hydrogen 21-cm line (Shaveret al. 1999) on the ∼ 5′ scale; (ii) Low-frequency surveys of the sky with of order 108expected new sources; (iii) All-sky monitoring and detection of transient radio sources such as γ-ray bursts, X-ray binaries, and exo-planets (Farrellet al. 2004); and (iv) Radio detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and neutrinos (Falcke & Gorham 2003) allowing for the first time access to particles beyond 1021eV (Scholtenet al. 2006). Apart from the KSPs open access for smaller projects is also planned. Here we give a brief description of the telescope.
The Square Kilometre Array (SKA)
Authors: Lazio T. Joseph W. , Gaensler Bryan M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Square Kilometre Array SKA is intended to be the centimeter- and meter-wavelength telescope for the 21stcentury. At long wavelengths, the SKA's key science projects include the search for highly redshifted hydrogen, including the signal from the epoch of re-ionization, and the search for the first supermassive black holes.
Dynamical implications of multiple stellar populations
Authors: Sills Alison I. , Downing Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigate some implications of having two star formation episodes in globular clusters, rather than the traditional single-burst approximation. Evidence for more than one stellar generation is accumulating in observations of abundances of elements lighter than iron in globular cluster stars, and is thought to imply some self-enrichment of the globular cluster gas. In particular, we explore models based on the assumption that the self-enrichment comes from an early generation of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars.
Observations of blue straggler stars in globular clusters
Authors: Ferraro Francesco R. , Lanzoni Barbara 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBlue stragglers stars (BSS) define a sparsely populated sequence extending to higher luminosity than the turnoff point of normal main sequence stars in the color magnitude diagrams of stellar aggregates, thus mimicking a rejuvenated (more massive) stellar population. The nature of these stars has been a puzzle for many years and their formation mechanism is not completely understood, yet. Two mechanisms have been proposed to produce BSS: (i) the mass transfer in binary systems; and ((ii) the merger of two stars induced by stellar interactions. In this contribution we schematically report on the main properties of BSS in globular clusters (GCs) in the light of the most recent photometric and spectroscopic observations. These results, combined with dynamical simulations, indicate that both the proposed formation mechanisms play an important role in the production of BSS in GCs.
Observational evidence for origin of stellar exotica in globular clusters
Authors: Verbunt Franciscus W.M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe formation of special binaries in a globular cluster is regulated by the total encounter rate γ in the cluster, but their life expectancy by the number of encounters γ that one system experiences. The orbital periods indicate whether a neutron star or white dwarf entered a binary via direct collision, via tidal capture, or via exchange encounter. The numbers of X-ray binaries with a neutron star scales with γ. Magnetically active binaries (including blue stragglers) are formed via evolution of primordial binaries, and their numbers scale with the cluster mass. Cataclysmic variables are formed by stellar encounters or via evolution of a primordial binary in clusters with high and low central density, respectively.
A summary of Joint Discussion 14
Authors: Heggie Douglas C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractModelling rich star clusters is at an exciting time, now that detailed star-by-star modelling of all open star clusters has become possible. We should renew attention to the modelling of globular star clusters, to enable us to exploit the flood of excellent observational data now available. At the same time, new ideas in star cluster astrophysics require us to broaden the realism of our modelling in various directions.
Véron, & Véron-based optical extragalactic reference frame – progress report
Authors: Andrei Alexander H. , da Silva Neto D. N. , Assafin Marcelo , Zacharias Norbert , Martins Roberto Vieira , de Camargo J. I. B. , Souchay Jean , de Melo Anna P. B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe present a Véron & Véron based optical extragalactic reference frame progress report.
Proposed terminology in fundamental astronomy based on IAU 2000 resolutions
Authors: Capitaine Nicole , Andrei Alexandre H. , Calabretta Mark R. , Dehant Véronique , Fukushima Toshio , Guinot Bernard R. , Hohenkerk Catherine Y. , Kaplan George H. , Klioner Sergei A. , Kovalevsky Jean , Kumkova Irina I. , Ma Chopo , McCarthy Dennis D. , Seidelmann Kenneth P. , Wallace Patrick T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe present the proposals of the IAU Division I Working Group on Nomenclature for Fundamental Astronomy (NFA) that was formed at the IAU XXV General Assembly in 2003.
Space astrometry with the Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey: mission overview and science possibilities
Authors: Gaume Ralph A. , Dorland Bryan , Makarov Valeri V. , Zacharias Norbert , Johnston Kenneth J. , Hennessy Gregory S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe present a mission overview and science possibilities of space astrometry with the Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey (MAPS).
Japan's optical/infrared astronomy plan
Authors: Iye Masanori 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe status of Japan's planning of the optical/infrared astronomy projects for the 2010's is briefly reviewed. The road map shows a 30 m class extremely large ground based telescope project with advanced adaptive optics capability, JELT, and a mid-infrared optimized 3.5 m space telescope project, SPICA, as the top-priority major project to be accomplished probably on international collaboration basis.
ASTRONET: strategic planning for European astronomy
Authors: Lagrange Anne-Marie , Andersen Johannes 
Published: December 2007

AbstractASTRONET is an ERA-NET led by a group of European funding agencies, including ESO and ESA. Its aim is to establish a comprehensive, long-term planning process for all of European astronomy – at all wavelengths, from the ground and from space, and for all of Europe. By addressing both long-term scientific goals, infrastructure needs, and resource management procedures, ASTRONET seeks to consolidate the continued development of European astronomy as a front-line player in the field.
Neonatal outcome following pregnancy exposure to antidepressants: a prospective controlled cohort study
Authors: Maschi S , Clavenna A , Campi R , Schiavetti B , Bernat M , Bonati M 
Published: December 2007

Objective  To determine the incidence of early adverse effects associated with antidepressant drug use during pregnancy.Design  Prospective, controlled cohort study.Setting  A Drug and Health Information Centre in Milan, Italy.Population  A total of 200 neonates exposed to antidepressants in utero and 1200 controls.Methods  Women who took antidepressants during pregnancy and delivered liveborn children between 1995 and 2003 were selected. Each case was matched for maternal age and gravidity to six randomly selected controls (not exposed to teratogenic drugs or drugs known to cause neonatal side effects). Odds ratio was estimated for attributable risks.Main outcome measures  Neonatal adverse events and Special Care Unit admission rate, assessed through an interview with the mothers.Results  Of the 200 neonates exposed to antidepressants in utero, 14 had adverse events and 3 required Special Care Unit admission. Jaundice (n = 5), agitation (n = 3) and respiratory distress (n = 2) were the most common symptoms. In the control group, 50 newboms had side effects and no statistically significant differences in the prevalence rate compared to the exposed group were found, even after stratification for drugs and pregnancy period of exposure. Only the prematurity rate was significantly higher in exposed compared to non‐exposed newborns (OR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.14–4.63).Conclusions  These results do not support an association between antidepressant exposure and unsafe fetal and neonatal outcomes in newborns. However, a collaborative international multicentre epidemiological monitoring of the use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy is needed in order to guarantee pregnant women and their children safe and effective treatments, both at brief and long time from exposure.
Is adiposity across life associated with subsequent hysterectomy risk? Findings from the 1946 British birth cohort study
Authors: Cooper R , Hardy R , Kuh D 
Published: December 2007

Objective  To examine the associations between adiposity at time points from early life onwards and subsequent hysterectomy risk.Design  Prospective birth cohort study.Setting  England, Scotland and Wales.Population  Women from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development study, with complete data on hysterectomy status (n= 1790).Methods  Survival analysis methods were used to examine the associations between body mass index at time points across life and subsequent hysterectomy rates.Main outcome measure  Self‐reported hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy.Results  From 20 years onwards, those women who were classified as underweight had lower hysterectomy rates, and from 36 years onwards, those women who were overweight had higher hysterectomy rates than those who were normal weight. Women who were obese in adolescence and early adulthood had lower rates of hysterectomy than those who were normal weight, although numbers categorised as obese at these ages were small. Women who were obese in later adulthood had higher subsequent rates of hysterectomy. Greater increases in weight between ages 36 and 53 years were associated with higher rates of hysterectomy in later adulthood. These results were not explained by parity, age at menarche or socio‐economic position.Conclusions  These results suggest that variation in hysterectomy rates may be partially explained by variation in adiposity, and so with the recent changes in levels of overweight and obesity in populations, there may be increasing demand for gynaecological treatments in the future.
Modeling the Interaction of Coils With the Local Blood Flow After
Coil Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Cha Kyung Se , Balaras Elias , Lieber Baruch B. , Sadasivan Chander , Wakhloo Ajay K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Aneurysmal recanalization and coil compaction after coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms are seen in as many as 40% of cases. Higher packing density has been suggested to reduce both coil compaction and recanalization. Basilar bifurcation aneurysms remain a challenge due possibly to the hemodynamics of this specific aneurysm/parent vessel architecture, which subjects the coil mass at the aneurysm neck to elevated and repetitive impingement forces. In the present study, we propose a new modeling strategy that facilitates a better understanding of the complex interactions between detachable coils and the local blood flow. In particular, a semiheuristic porous media set of equations used to describe the intra-aneurysmal flow is coupled to the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations governing the dynamics of the flow in the involved vessels. The resulting system of equations is solved in a strongly coupled manner using a finite element formulation. Our results suggest that there is a complex interaction between the local hemodynamics and intra-aneurysmal flow that induces significant forces on the coil mass. Although higher packing densities have previously been advocated to reduce coil compaction, our simulations suggest that lower permeability of the coil mass at a given packing density could also promote faster intra-aneurysmal thrombosis due to increased residence times.
New Insights into Trehalose Metabolism by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
:
NTH2
Encodes a Functional Cytosolic Trehalase, and Deletion of
TPS1
Reveals Ath1p-Dependent Trehalose Mobilization
Authors: Jules Matthieu , Beltran Gemma , François Jean , Parrou Jean Luc 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT

In the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, the synthesis of endogenous trehalose is catalyzed by a trehalose synthase complex, TPS, and its hydrolysis relies on a cytosolic/neutral trehalase encoded by
NTH1
. In this work, we showed that
NTH2
, a paralog of
NTH1
, encodes a functional trehalase that is implicated in trehalose mobilization. Yeast is also endowed with an acid trehalase encoded by
ATH1
and an H
+
/trehalose transporter encoded by
AGT1
, which can together sustain assimilation of exogenous trehalose. We showed that a
tps1
mutant defective in the TPS catalytic subunit cultivated on trehalose, or on a dual source of carbon made of galactose and trehalose, accumulated high levels of intracellular trehalose by its Agt1p-mediated transport. The accumulated disaccharide was mobilized as soon as cells entered the stationary phase by a process requiring a coupling between its export and immediate extracellular hydrolysis by Ath1p. Compared to what is seen for classical growth conditions on glucose, this mobilization was rather unique, since it took place prior to that of glycogen, which was postponed until the late stationary phase. However, when the Ath1p-dependent mobilization of trehalose identified in this study was impaired, glycogen was mobilized earlier and faster, indicating a fine-tuning control in carbon storage management during periods of carbon and energy restriction.
Clinical safety and efficacy of NG440: a novel combination of rho iso-alpha acids from hops, rosemary, and oleanolic acid for inflammatory conditionsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.
Authors: Minich Deanna M. , Bland Jeffrey S. , Katke Jeffrey , Darland Gary , Hall Amy , Lerman Robert H. , Lamb Joseph , Carroll Brian , Tripp Matthew 
Published: December 2007

In this report, we examine the clinical safety and efficacy of NG440, a phytochemical-based antiinflammatory formula consisting of a combination of rho iso-alpha acids from hops, rosemary, and oleanolic acid. In a previous study, we demonstrated that NG440 significantly decreased pain by 50% in patients with osteoarthritis. Consistent with these data, results from a multicentre trial indicate that NG440 reduced pain scores in patients with joint discomfort, as measured by VAS (visual analog scale) methodology. As demonstrated in an ex vivo clinical study, these effects on pain relief may be due to reduced inflammatory cytokine production including lower prostaglandin E2formation. Finally, strong data exist to suggest that NG440 is a safe formula for human consumption. Animal toxicity data revealed no adverse effects of NG440 at dosages ≤250 mg·kg–1·day–1for 21 days. Furthermore, human trial data suggest that NG440 does not negatively impact cardiovascular and gastrointestinal markers normally affected by selective COX-2 enzyme inhibitors, including platelet function, blood pressure, blood cell count, or fecal calprotectin, a measure of gastrointestinal injury. In conclusion, NG440 may serve as a safe and efficacious alternative in some areas where specific COX-2 inhibitors have been traditionally used.
Modulation of apolipoprotein A1 and B, adiponectin, ghrelin, and growth hormone concentrations by plant sterols and exercise in previously sedentary humansThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.
Authors: Collins Melissa , Varady Krista A. , Jones Peter J.H. 
Published: December 2007

Plant sterols combined with exercise beneficially alter lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic adults. The effect of this combination therapy on other indicators of coronary heart disease risk, however, has yet to be determined. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of plant sterols and exercise, alone and in combination, on levels of apolipoprotein (apo) A1 and B, adiponectin, ghrelin, and growth hormone in previously sedentary hypercholesterolemic adults. In an 8 week, parallel-arm trial, 84 subjects were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: combination, exercise, plant sterols, or control. Body mass decreased by 1.1% (p < 0.01) and 0.9% (p < 0.05) in the combination and exercise group, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased (p < 0.01) by 0.30 mmol/L in the combination group and by 0.49 mmol/L in the plant sterol group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased by 7.5% and 9.5% (p < 0.01) in the combination and exercise groups, respectively. Plant sterols increased (p < 0.05) adiponectin levels by 16%. No change in apoA1, apoB, ghrelin, or growth hormone levels were noted in any intervention group. ApoA1 was correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.01), whereas apoB was weakly related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (r = 0.13, p = 0.002). Adiponectin was associated with body mass index (r = –0.10, p = 0.006) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.17, p = 0.0003). These findings suggest that plant sterols can increase adiponectin levels, thereby possibly reducing the risk of future coronary heart disease.
Modulation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cell monolayers by selected commercial-source milk thistle and goldenseal productsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.
Authors: Budzinski Jason W. , Trudeau Vance L. , Drouin Cathy E. , Panahi Mitra , Arnason J. Thor , Foster Brian C. 
Published: December 2007

In this study, we used an in vitro Caco-2 cell monolayer model to evaluate aqueous extracts of commercial-source goldenseal ( Hydrastis canadensis ) and milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ) capsule formulations, their marker phytochemicals (berberine and silibinin, respectively), as well as dillapiol, vinblastine, and the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir for their ability to modulate CYP3A4 and ABCB1 expression after short-term exposure (48 h). Both upregulation and downregulation of CYP3A4 expression was observed with extracts of varying concentrations of the two natural health products (NHPs). CYP3A4 was highly responsive in our system, showing a strong dose-dependent modulation by the CYP3A4 inhibitor dillapiol (upregulation) and the milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin (downregulation). ABCB1 was largely unresponsive in this cellular model and appears to be of little value as a biomarker under our experimental conditions. Therefore, the modulation of CYP3A4 gene expression can serve as an important marker for the in vitro assessment of NHP–drug interactions.
Characterizing the mechanism for ginsenoside-induced cytotoxicity in cultured leukemia (THP-1) cellsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.
Authors: Kitts David D. , Popovich David G. , Hu Chun 
Published: December 2007

Pure ginsenoside standards (saponins Rh2, PD, and PT), along with an Rh2-enhanced North American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) leaf extract (LFRh2), were tested for cytotoxic activity in cultured THP-1 leukemia cells. Thermal treatment of ginseng leaf resulted in production of both Rh2 and Rg3 content that was confirmed by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Flow cytometry of cells stained with annexin V – fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide showed that the LFRh2 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased apoptosis (18% ± 0.4%) after 23 h at a concentration that inhibited cell viability by 50% (LC50 (72 h) = 52 μg/mL. In comparison, a similar significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in apoptotic cell numbers occurred at 41 h of exposure for pure ginsenoside standards, PD (LC50 (72 h) = 13 μg/mL), PT (LC50 (72 h) = 19 μg/mL), and Rh2 (LC50 (72 h) = 15 μg/mL). Although no further increase in apoptosis was observed in THP-1 cells after exposure to increasing concentrations of LFRh2 and pure Rh2, PD, and PT standards, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of necrotic cells did occur after exposure of cells to different ginsenosides at elevated concentrations. THP-1 caspase-3 activity was greatest (p ≤ 0.05) with Rh2 (7.6 ± 1.1 nmol/L pNA), followed by LFRh2 (5.9 ± 1.0 nmol/L pNA) and PT (5.0 ± 0.8 nmol/L pNA), whereas PD was similar to control cells. We define for the first time the proportion of apoptotic to necrotic events that characterize the relative cytotoxicity and reduced cell proliferation of different ginsenosides in cultured THP-1 cells. Moreover, thermal treatment of North American ginseng leaf produced a marked transformation of ginsenoside, largely attributable to an increase in Rh2 content. This change was associated with cytotoxic properties in THP-1 cell that were related to alterations in cell membrane properties, which were also obtained with the pure ginsenosides PD, PT, and Rh2.
Survey of bioactive components in Western Canadian berriesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 2 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.
Authors: Bakowska-Barczak Anna M. , Marianchuk Myles , Kolodziejczyk Paul 
Published: December 2007

Berries native to Western Canada were analyzed for total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC). Values ranged from 1.60 to 9.55 mmol trolox equivalent per 100 g fresh mass. Anthocyanin content ranged from 41.6 (in red twinberries) to 1081 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents per 100 g fresh mass (in honeysuckle fruits). Honeysuckle fruits contained the highest amount of total polyphenols, 1111 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g, among analyzed fruits. Additionally, anthocyanins in the investigated berries were identified and characterized by HPLC – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometric method coupled with diode array detection. The number of anthocyanins varied from 4 in saskatoon berries ( Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) to 20 in bilberries ( Vaccinum myrtilloides Michx.). In all the samples analyzed, 6 common anthocyanidins:, cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin, were found. Half the analyzed berries contained acylated anthocyanins, but a significant amount was found only in bilberries. The analyzed berry seed oils contained high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (over 90%), but only the golden currant seed oil contained γ-linolenic acid.