bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of peroxynitrite in secondary oxidative damage after spinal cord injury
Authors: Xiong Yiqin , Rabchevsky Alexander G. , Hall Edward D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPeroxynitrite (PON, ONOO−), formed by nitric oxide synthase‐generated nitric oxide radical (˙NO) and superoxide radical (O2˙−), is a crucial player in post‐traumatic oxidative damage. In the present study, we determined the spatial and temporal characteristics of PON‐derived oxidative damage after a moderate contusion injury in rats. Our results showed that 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT), a specific marker for PON, rapidly accumulated at early time points (1 and 3 h) and a significant increase compared with sham rats was sustained to 1 week after injury. Additionally, there was a coincident and maintained increase in the levels of protein oxidation‐related protein carbonyl and lipid peroxidation‐derived 4‐hydroxynonenal (4‐HNE). The peak increases of 3‐NT and 4‐HNE were observed at 24 h post‐injury. In our immunohistochemical results, the co‐localization of 3‐NT and 4‐HNE results indicates that PON is involved in lipid peroxidative as well as protein nitrative damage. One of the consequences of oxidative damage is an exacerbation of intracellular calcium overload, which activates the cysteine protease calpain leading to the degradation of several cellular targets including cytoskeletal protein (α‐spectrin). Western blot analysis of α‐spectrin breakdown products showed that the 145‐kDa fragments of α‐spectrin, which are specifically generated by calpain, were significantly increased as soon as 1 h following injury although the peak increase did not occur until 72 h post‐injury. The later activation of calpain is most likely linked to PON‐mediated secondary oxidative impairment of calcium homeostasis. Scavengers of PON, or its derived free radical species, may provide an improved antioxidant neuroprotective approach for the treatment of post‐traumatic oxidative damage in the injured spinal cord.
Development of microsatellite markers for southern catfish (Silurus meriaionalis) and cross‐species amplification in northern sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi)
Authors: QUAN Y. C. , SUN X. W. , LIANG L. Q. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractForty microsatellite markers were developed from a (CA)n enrichment library created from the DNA of southern catfish (Silurus meriaionalis). Also, the population structure of northern sheatfish (Silurus soldatovi) was examined by 24 microsatellite loci. They are polymorphic in at least one of the two geographically distant populations sampled from the Heilongjiang River and the Songhuajiang River in North China, respectively. Unbiased expected heterozygosity levels varied from 0.435 to 0.946 and number of alleles per locus varied from three to 20. Results indicated that these microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic and could be used as genetic markers.
Development of polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for polyploid and diploid members of the orchid genus Dactylorhiza
Authors: NORDSTRÖM SOFIE , HEDRÉN MIKAEL 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDactylorhiza traunsteineri is an allotetraploid species that belongs to the large Dactylorhiza incarnata/maculata polyploid complex of the Eurasian genus Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae). Here, eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated using selective hybridization according to the FIASCO protocol (fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats) with slight modifications. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to seven. All loci were possible to amplify in several other species of Dactylorhiza, using the same primers.
Characterization of four tetranucleotide and six dinucleotide microsatellite markers for use in the tropical freshwater fish Telmatherina antoniae and related species
Authors: WALTER RYAN P. , OVENDEN JENNIFER R. , HEATH DANIEL D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTen primer pairs were designed from two genomic libraries enriched for (GACA)4 and (GACA)7 in the sailfin silverside Telmatherina antoniae. Characterization with 57 T. antoniae individuals revealed between three and 30 alleles, with observed and expected heterozygosity values ranging from 0.47 to 0.98 and from 0.46 to 0.93, respectively. Eight of the 10 loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with no significant linkage detected between loci pairs. These microsatellite markers are intended for use in population genetic studies of T. antoniae and related fishes of the family Telmatherinidae.
A set of polymorphic microsatellite loci for Vriesea gigantea and Alcantarea imperialis (Bromeliaceae) and cross‐amplification in other bromeliad species
Authors: PALMA‐SILVA C. , CAVALLARI M. M. , BARBARÁ T. , LEXER C. , GIMENES M. A. , BERED F. , BODANESE‐ZANETTINI M. H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in two species of Bromeliaceae: Vriesea gigantea and Alcantarea imperialis. The number of alleles observed for each locus ranged from three to 16. The loci will be used for studies of the genetic structure of natural populations, reproductive biology, and evolutionary relationships among and within these genera. A cross‐amplification test in 22 taxa suggests that the markers will be useful for similar applications in numerous other bromeliad species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the gecko Gekko swinhonis and cross‐species amplification in other gekkonid species
Authors: LI JINGJING , ZHOU KAIYA 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGekko swinhonis is a gekkonid lizard endemic to China, inhabiting Loess Plateau, Huabei Plain, Huanghuai Plain and areas north of the Yangtze River. We characterized 21 dinucleotide microsatellite loci from an AC/AG‐enriched genomic library of G. swinhonis. The number of alleles per locus ranged from eight to 24 and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.160 to 0.834 and from 0.584 to 0.917, respectively. We also tested the utility of these loci in other Gekko and Hemidactylus species; many of these loci can be cross‐amplified.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for studies of bronze‐cuckoo species (GenusChalcites: Aves)
Authors: ADCOCK G. J. , LANGMORE N. E. , KILNER R. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA set of 17 microsatellite loci was shown to provide at least seven that were polymorphic in each of three bronze‐cuckoo species (Chalcites basalis, C. lucidusandC. minutillus) representing the taxonomic range of this genus. This set includes nine newly isolated loci from genomic libraries constructed fromC. basalisandC. lucidus. For these three species, each had seven or more polymorphic loci that showed no significant linkage or Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium with more than five alleles (mean 7.6–12.1) and expected heterozygosity greater than 0.5 (mean 0.78–0.85).
Micro‐scale sulphur isotope evidence for sulphur cycling in the late Archean shallow ocean
Authors: KAMBER B. S. , WHITEHOUSE M. J. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTWe report in situ secondary ion mass spectrometer sulphur isotope data for sedimentary pyrite from the 2.52 Ga Upper Campbellrand Subgroup, Transvaal, South Africa. The analysed sedimentary rocks represent a transition in depositional environment from very shallow to deeper water, with strong sedimentological, facies distribution and geochemical evidence for the presence of a shallow redox chemocline. Data were obtained directly in thin section in order to preserve petrographic context. They reveal a very large extent of isotopic fractionation both in mass‐independent (MIF) and in mass‐dependent fractionation (MDF) on unprecedentedly small scale. In the shallow‐water microbical carbonates, three types of pyrite were identified. The texturally oldest pyrite is found as small, isotopically little fractionated grains in the microbial mats. Large (several mm) spheroidal pyrite concretions, which postdate the mat pyrite, record strong evidence for an origin by bacterial sulphate reduction. Rare pyrite surrounding late fenestral calcite is inferred to have formed from recycled bacterial pyrite on account of the slope of its correlated MIF and MDF array. This latter type of pyrite was also found in an interbedded black shale and a carbonate laminite. In a deeper water chert, pyrite with very heavy sulphur indicates partial to almost complete sulphate reduction across a chemocline whose existence has been inferred independently. The combined picture from all the studied samples is that of a sulphate availability‐limited environment, in which sulphur was cycled between reservoirs according to changing redox conditions established across the chemocline. Cycling apparently reduced the extent of recorded sulphur isotope fractionation relative to what is expected from projection in the correlated MIF and MDF arrays. This is consistent with regionally relatively high free oxygen concentrations in the shallow water, permitting locally strong MDF. Our new observations add to the growing evidence for a complex, fluctuating evolution of free atmospheric oxygen between c. 2.7 Ga and 2.3 Ga.
Functional role of the Werner syndrome RecQ helicase in human fibroblasts
Authors: Dhillon Kiranjit K. , Sidorova Julia , Saintigny Yannick , Poot Martin , Gollahon Katherine , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Monnat Raymond J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryWerner syndrome is an autosomal recessive human genetic instability and cancer predisposition syndrome that also has features of premature aging. We focused on two questions related to Werner syndrome protein (WRN) function in human fibroblasts: Do WRN‐deficient fibroblasts have a consistent cellular phenotype? What role does WRN play in the recovery from replication arrest? We identified consistent cell proliferation and DNA damage sensitivity defects in both primary and SV40‐transformed fibroblasts from different Werner syndrome patients, and showed that these defects could be revealed by acute depletion of WRN protein. Mechanistic analysis of the role of WRN in recovery from replication arrest indicated that WRN acts to repair damage resulting from replication arrest, rather than to prevent the disruption or breakage of stalled replication forks. These results identify readily quantified cell phenotypes that result from WRN loss in human fibroblasts; delineate the impact of cell transformation on the expression of these phenotypes; and define a mechanistic role for WRN in the recovery from replication arrest.
Nasal indices of eosinophilic and exudative inflammation in bakery‐workers
Authors: Storaas Torgeir , Årdal Laila , Van Do Thien , Florvaag Erik , Steinsvåg Sverre K. , Irgens Ågot , Aasen Tor B. , Greiff Lennart 
Published: December 2006

SummaryAims:  Rhinitis symptoms frequently occur in bakery‐workers. Yet, little is known about the pathophysiology of this condition. The objective of the present study was to examine nasal indices of inflammation in relation to occupational dust exposure, occupational rhinitis according to defined criteria, rhinitis symptoms associated to the workplace, and occupational sensitization in bakery‐workers.Methods:  Bakery‐workers (n = 197) were subjected to interviews, questionnaires, workplace dust measurements, allergy tests, and nasal lavages with and without histamine. α2‐Macroglobulin and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were measured in saline lavages as indices of plasma exudation and eosinophilic activity, respectively. Histamine lavages were employed to explore the nasal exudative responsiveness.Results:  α
2‐Macroglobulin and ECP increased significantly by increased workplace dust exposure (P≤0·035). Furthermore, the exudative responsiveness to histamine increased significantly by such exposure (P≤0·016). Similar patterns were seen in workers with occupational rhinitis and in subjects with rhinitis symptoms associated to the workplace, but not in workers with occupational sensitization.Conclusions:  We conclude that occupational dust exposure in bakery‐workers is associated with nasal eosinophilic exudative inflammation. In contrast, occupational sensitization is not a discriminating factor with regard to indices of eosinophilic, exudative inflammation in the present material.
Volumetric evaluation of upper extremities in 250 healthy persons
Authors: Gebruers N. , Truijen S. , Engelborghs S. , De Deyn P. P. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryBackground and purpose  Upper extremity oedema frequently occurs as a complication of several diseases. The aim of this study was to establish normative data for upper extremity volumes with a modified water displacement method. These data were used to develop predictive formulas helpful in detecting abnormal swelling.Subjects and methods  Upper extremities of 250 healthy subjects (138 men and 112 women) were measured by water displacement.Results  A mean difference of 3·0% (3·2%) between right and left arm (forearm) was found. Intra‐class correlation coefficients were 0·99 for intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliabilities. Coefficient of variation was 0·23%. To predict the premorbid volume of an oedematous arm, prediction formulas were constructed.Discussion and conclusion  Water displacement as used in this study is a highly reliable technique for volume measurement of upper extremities. This technique was applied to gather normative data for upper extremity volumes. We suggest that this technique can be used in daily clinical practice for the evaluation of upper extremity oedema or atrophy caused by various diseases as well as for volume monitoring. Prediction formulas can be used to define abnormal swelling.
Echocardiographic Doppler assessments of left ventricular filling and ejection during upright exercise in endurance athletes
Authors: Sundstedt Milena , Hedberg Pär , Jonason Tommy , Ringqvist Ivar , Henriksen Egil 
Published: December 2006

SummaryDoppler echocardiography was used to describe left ventricular filling and ejection during upright bicycle exercise in 24 healthy male endurance athletes. The transmitral pressure gradient was estimated and isovolumetric relaxation, filling and ejection time and transmitral and aortic flow velocities were measured at rest and during exercise. From rest to peak exercise (at a heart rate of 160 bpm), the mean left ventricular filling time was shortened by 73%, the ejection time by 31%, while the isovolumetric relaxation time was shortened by 62%. At peak exercise, the maximum aortic flow velocity almost doubled and the maximum transmitral flow velocity more than doubled, with a tenfold increase in the mean transmitral pressure gradient. The increase was significant (P<0·001) at each level of exercise. The left ventricular filling rate measured as volume per time was 185 ± 62 ml s−1 at rest and it increased to 986 ± 192 ml s−1 at peak exercise. This study demonstrates large changes in diastolic filling indices during upright exercise and it shows that the heart is able to increase its filling rate five times from rest to peak exercise.
Childhood trauma and marital outcomes in adulthood
Authors: WHISMAN MARK A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlthough existing research suggests that certain childhood traumas such as childhood sexual abuse are associated with interpersonal (e.g., marital) difficulties in adulthood, there has been limited research on interpersonal sequelae of other types of traumas. In addition, the association between childhood traumas and interpersonal outcomes has often been limited to a particular outcome such as divorce, and existing studies have rarely controlled for the co‐occurrence of other traumas when evaluating interpersonal outcomes. The current study sought to evaluate the associations between 7 childhood traumas and 2 marital outcomes—marital disruption (i.e., divorce and separation) and marital satisfaction—in a large, national probability sample. Results from univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that (a) probability of marital disruption was higher among people who during childhood had experienced physical abuse, rape, or serious physical attack or assault; and (b) current marital satisfaction was lower among people who during childhood had experienced rape or sexual molestation. Results support the importance of childhood traumas in predicting 2 important marital outcomes.
Responses to a happily married other: The role of relationship satisfaction and social comparison orientation
Authors: BUUNK ABRAHAM P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA study among 103 married individuals examined how the responses to a story about an individual with a happy marriage that was characterized by either high or low effort were moderated by relationship satisfaction and social comparison orientation (SCO). As individuals were higher in SCO, the high‐effort couple evoked more positive affect and more identification and the low‐effort couple evoked more negative affect and less identification. Furthermore, the higher the SCO, the more positive affect and identification those high in relationship satisfaction experienced in response to the targets. In the high‐effort condition, but not in the low‐effort condition, identification mediated between relationship satisfaction and SCO and the affective responses. Independent of induced effort, a higher degree of perceived effort was, especially among those high in relationship satisfaction, associated with a higher level of identification. Finally, relationship satisfaction induced relatively more identification with the target among men, married people, and relatively older people.
Predicting conflict within romantic relationships during the transition to adulthood
Authors: CHEN HENIAN , COHEN PATRICIA , KASEN STEPHANIE , JOHNSON JEFFREY G. , EHRENSAFT MIRIAM , GORDON KATHY 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective study between 1997 and 2000 with 200 participants in the Children in the Community Study at their mean age of 29 (range: 27–31 years). Participants completed detailed narrative interviews about their transition to adulthood and described monthly levels of partner conflict that had occurred between ages 17 and 27. Data from these interviews were used to investigate the developmental trajectory and predictors of conflict in romantic relationships. Multilevel growth models showed that partner conflict increased between ages 19 and 25 and then declined slightly. Parental divorce, low parental socioeconomic status, being an only child, being divorced, being married, cohabiting, and having biological offspring were associated with elevated partner conflict. Different patterns of association between these variables and partner conflict were observed in men and women.
Gender‐of‐author differences in study design of older adult friendship surveys
Authors: ADAMS REBECCA G. , BERGGREN JENNY , DOCHERTY LINDSAY , RUFFIN KARA , PFAFF WRIGHT CYNTHIA 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis research extends literature documenting gender differences in choice of quantitative or qualitative methods by examining whether men and women make different decisions regarding study design within one type of quantitative method—survey research. The population consists of 117 surveys (1960–1999) of older adults about friendship. We find that the use of communal methods, especially by women scholars, increased over time, and researchers who are women are more likely to use “communal” survey methods than researchers who are men. The gender difference in use of communal methods is not necessarily explained by essential differences between men and women or even by gender differences in commitment to feminist research as previous scholars have argued; rather, it is possibly explained by structured differences in access to resources to do agentic research.
Water and economic development: The role of variability and a framework for resilience
Authors: Brown Casey , Lall Upmanu 
Published: December 2006

Abstract The article advances the hypothesis that the seasonal and inter‐annual variability of rainfall is a significant and measurable factor in the economic development of nations. An analysis of global datasets reveals a statistically significant relationship between greater rainfall variability and lower per capita GDP. Having established this correlation, we construct a water resources development index that highlights areas that have the greatest need for storage infrastructure to mitigate the impacts of rainfall variability on water availability for food and basic livelihood. The countries with the most critical infrastructure needs according to this metric are among the poorest in the world, and the majority of them are located in Africa. The importance of securing water availability in these nations increases every day in light of current population growth, economic development, and climate change projections.
Transaction costs and the clean development mechanism
Authors: Chadwick Bruce P. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract The emissions trading provisions of the Kyoto Protocol and its clean development mechanism (CDM) are designed to permit greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions at the lowest cost globally. However, to ensure climate integrity, these reductions must pass through vigilant approval, monitoring and evaluation procedures that create additional transaction costs unrelated to the physical process of eliminating GHGs. Moreover, the CDM's additionality criterion creates constraints that magnify the influence of these transaction costs on project viability. If these costs are extreme, they could undermine the success of the CDM, and possibly of the Kyoto Protocol itself. This article describes the trading provisions of the treaty, creates a working definition of transaction costs, and discusses their effects. It then analyzes the process of creating a CDM project to identify the sources of transaction costs, illustrated by an example of a fuel substitution project in Ghana. The conditions for project profitability are analyzed and compared with recent GHG emission credit prices in Europe. The specific Ghanaian results are not generalizable to all CDM projects, but the model does suggest a template that can be used to analyze the effects of project and transaction costs in other contexts.
Comparison of oxygen consumption in drosophilid flies from different climates
Authors: OIKAWA Ayako , MORI Nobuhito , KIMURA Masahito T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractOxygen consumption at rest was studied in drosophilid species from cool‐temperate, warm‐temperate and subtropical regions to assess whether adaptations to different climates are associated with changes in metabolic rates. In experiments at 23°C using 8‐day‐old males of 28 species, body mass was revealed to be a significant predictor of oxygen consumption. No significant relation was detected between mass‐adjusted oxygen consumption and latitudinal distribution or thermal tolerance by either conventional regression analysis or a phylogenetically based method. The effect of temperature on oxygen consumption was studied with experiments at 15, 18, 23 and 28°C using 8‐ and 24‐day‐old males of four species of each of themontiumspecies subgroup and the subgenusDrosophila. In these experiments, it was confirmed that temperature was a significant predictor of mass‐adjusted oxygen consumption. In both lineages, mass‐adjusted oxygen consumption was not higher in cool‐temperate species than in subtropical species. Thus, adaptations to colder climates are not associated with elevation of metabolic rates in these drosophilid species. The results of the present study also indicate that oxygen consumption is not related to the capacity to walk quickly.
Effect of a foreign male’s age on acceptance into a conspecific colony in a Neotropical wasp
Authors: KUDÔ Kazuyuki , ZUCCHI Ronaldo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe conducted field experiments to examine whether young males of different age cohorts were accepted from alien colonies in the swarm‐founding wasp Polybia paulista. We showed, as for young females in other social wasp species, that newly emerged males were frequently accepted from alien colonies. Our study suggests that young males of P. paulista acquire colony‐specific chemical odors shortly after emergence.