bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluconazole Microemulsions: Preparation, Statistical Optimization by Two-level Factorial Design, and Physicochemical Evaluation
Authors: Khazaeli Payam , Pardakhty Abbas , Dehghannoudeh Gholamreza , Safizade Sina , Sajadi Bami Marzieh , Ohadi Mandana 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Candida albicans is the yeast that causes the fungal infection known as candidiasis.
One of the standard methods for treating candida is the application of fluconazole. The low
solubility of fluconazole in aqueous media is a big problem in the use of this agent. Novel drug delivery
systems, such as microemulsions, could be applied to solve this problem. The main aim of this
study was to perform statistical optimization of the formulation and physicochemical characterization
of fluconazole microemulsion.

Methods:
Optimization of the microemulsion formulation was done by using experimental design
software, and then fluconazole was loaded onto the best formulation at a concentration of 1 % w/w.
The physiochemistry of the microemulsion formulation was assessed by pH measurement, rheology
measurement, simultaneous thermal analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

Results:
The two-level fractional factorial design application demonstrated the optimum formulation
to consist of surfactant, co-surfactant, oil content, and water, comprising 58%, 27%, 10%, and 5% of
the formulation, respectively. Desirable thermal mass was observed up to 150°C. The formulation
was a non-Newtonian shear-thinning liquid in terms of viscosity, with a reported pH between 6.5-7.

Conclusion:
Considerably stable, high-quality microemulsion formulations containing fluconazole
are presented, which are applicable for antifungal skin candidiasis treatment in clinical trials.
Investigating the Effectiveness of a Virtual Family-centered Support Intervention on the Mental Health of Hemodialysis Patients and their Family Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moradi Marjan , Amiri Mahdi , Daneshi Salman , Heydarian Seyyedeh Mona Taghdisi , Saghari Sam , Raesi Rasoul 
Published: March 2024

AimThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a family-centered support intervention utilizing virtual education on the mental health of hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.BackgroundPatients undergoing hemodialysis and their family caregivers may experience mental health disruptions.MethodsIn this quasi-experimental study, 30 family caregivers of hemodialysis patients who visited the hemodialysis center of the 22nd-Bahman Hospital of Khaf in 2022 were selected using convenience sampling. All patients and family caregivers completed a demographic characteristics form and a mental health scale over the phone at baseline. The experimental group received targeted mental health education content for four weeks on the Eitaa social media platform. At this time, the mental health questionnaire was completed once more over the phone for all patients and their family caregivers. Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data in SPSS-22. The significance level was set to p <0.05.ResultsThe mean age values of the patients and family caregivers were 47.63±8.36 and 33.53±4.86 years, respectively. Prior to the intervention, there was no significant difference (p <0.05) in the mean scores of mental health and its components between the experimental and control groups. Following the intervention, statistically significant reductions were observed in the scores of both the patients and caregivers of the experimental group compared to the controls (p <0.001).ConclusionThe virtual family-centered support intervention could positively impact the mental health of hemodialysis patients and their family caregivers. Thus, the present intervention is suggested as a viable program to enhance the mental health of this group of patients and their respective caregivers.
Experiences of Women regarding Accessibility of Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Services in Northwest Province, South Africa
Authors: Monanyane Katlego P , Serapelwane Maserapelo G , Manyedi Mofatiki E 
Published: March 2024

Background
Poor access to choose on termination of pregnancy services remains a disturbing health challenge to women, mostly in developing countries. In rural provinces of South Africa, this hurdle is manifested by, amongst others, fear of stigmatisation and failure to access the services due to a lack of trained staff and transport.

Objectives
This study is designed to explore and describe women’s experiences regarding access to choice on termination of pregnancy services, subsequently describing recommendations to improve access to choice of termination of pregnancy in a sub-district of Northwest province of South Africa.

Methods
A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used to assess the experiences of women regarding access to termination of pregnancy services. The population included women of childbearing age with a history of legal or illegal termination of pregnancy at selected public health care facilities. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants for the study, and 10 women were interviewed using unstructured in-depth face-to-face individual interviews. All ethical principles were adhered to throughout the study, and thematic analysis with six phases was utilised in evaluating the data generated.

Results
Difficulties in accessing choice of termination of pregnancy services and strategies for improvement of accessibility emerged as the two themes. Amongst others, pervasive negative attitudes of nurses, fear of stigma, and lack of psychological and social support were reported as cumbersome experiences in trying to access the service. To improve access, women recommended that more nurses should be trained and deployed to render choice of termination of pregnancy services to women. They also recommended advertising choice of termination of pregnancy services available on various platforms.

Conclusion
Based on the findings, women in the North West Province face challenges in accessing Choice of Termination of Pregnancy services.
Phyto-pharmacological Potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for Neurological Disorders: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Dwivedi Jyotsana , Kumar Pankaj , Sachan Pranjal , Singh Charan , Saxena Bhagawati , Wal Ankita , Wal Pranay 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Aegle marmelos, an Indian plant, has been extensively utilized by the people of the Indian subcontinent over about 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, including seeds, are widely used to cure a variety of diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, along with numerous folk medicines. By revealing the existence of significant bioactive chemicals, modern research has effectively substantiated the therapeutic effects of bael.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding A. marmelos geographical distribution, morphology, therapeutic benefits, and phytochemicals found in the bael leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant that offer a wide range of pharmacological applications in neurological disorders.

Methodology:
A thorough literature search was conducted using five computerized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Wiley Online Library (WOL), by using standard keywords “A. marmelos,” “Geographical distribution,” “Morphological description,” “Ethnobotanical Uses,” “Phytoconstituents” and “Neuroprotective activities” for review papers published between 1975 and 2023. A small number of earlier review articles focused on phyto-pharmacological potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for neurological disorders.

Results:
According to some research, Aegle marmelos extracts potentially have neuroprotective benefits. This is due to its capacity to alter cellular mechanisms that cause neuronal damage.

Conclusion:
Neurodegenerative illnesses usually induce permanent neuronal network loss over-all the brain along with the spinal cord (CNS), resulting in chronic functional impairments. The review summarizes the multiple aspects and processes of A. marmelos extract and its components in several models of neurodegenerative diseases such as anxiety, epilepsy, depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others. MDA, nitrite, TNF-, and IL-6 levels were dramatically elevated, whereas glutathione levels were significantly lowered in the hippocampus of STZ-treated rats. Furthermore, STZ-treated rats showed a substantial drop in catalase activity and an increase in AChE activity, indicating cholinergic hypofunction and neuronal injury. The neuroprotective ability of A. marmelos against STZ-induced oxidative stress and cognitive loss in rats suggests that it has therapeutic relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Efficacy of observational care versus antibiotic therapy for treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis
Authors: Mooty Morgan , Bauer Abbie R 
Published: March 2024

A clinical decision report using:
van Dijk ST, Daniels L, Ünlü Ç, et al. for the Dutch Diverticular Disease (3D) Collaborative Study Group. Long-Term Effects of Omitting Antibiotics in Uncomplicated Acute Diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(7):1045-1052. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41395-018-0030-y
for a patient with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.
How Does Tax Timing Affect Spending in Retirement?
Authors: Austin Chelsea Rae , Bobek Donna D. , Doxey Marcus M. , Stinson Shane R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
This study investigates how the timing of taxes on retirement savings affects spending. Our findings are based on an experiment where participants spend funds from either a deferred-tax account, where taxes are paid upon withdrawal, or a currently taxed account, which represents after-tax savings withdrawn tax-free. We find that deferred-tax account holders consume savings faster than currently taxed account holders with equal after-tax spending power. Further, given equivalent nominal balances, deferred-tax and currently taxed account holders spend nominally equivalent amounts on goods, despite deferred-tax account holders needing to pay taxes on withdrawals. This finding suggests deferred-tax account holders under-adjust for taxes and, therefore, consume their wealth faster. These findings have important implications for financial advisors and tax policy makers. They also add to a growing body of research showing that tax timing affects individual decision making and that currently taxed accounts often encourage individuals to make better retirement planning decisions.
Data Availability: Data are available from the third author, upon request.
JEL Classifications: H24; K34.
The Difference Between Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Risk of Diabetic Microvascular Complications Among Adults With Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: He Daijun , Gao Bixia , Wang Jinwei , Yang Chao , Zhao Ming-Hui , Zhang Luxia 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
The impact of the difference between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRdiff) on diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) remains unknown. We investigated the associations of eGFRdiff with overall DMCs and subtypes, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and diabetic neuropathy (DN).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective cohort study included 25,825 participants with diabetes free of DMCs at baseline (2006 to 2010) from the UK Biobank. eGFRdiff was calculated using both absolute difference (eGFRabdiff) and the ratio (eGFRrediff) between cystatin C- and creatinine-based calculations. Incidence of DMCs was ascertained using electronic health records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the associations of eGFRdiff with overall DMCs and subtypes.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, DMCs developed in 5,753 participants, including 2,752 cases of DR, 3,203 of DKD, and 1,149 of DN. Each SD decrease of eGFRabdiff was associated with a 28% higher risk of overall DMCs, 14% higher risk of DR, 56% higher risk of DKD, and 29% higher risk of DN. For each 10% decrease in eGFRrediff, the corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 1.16 (1.14, 1.18) for overall DMCs, 1.08 (1.05, 1.11) for DR, 1.29 (1.26, 1.33) for DKD, and 1.17 (1.12, 1.22) for DN. The magnitude of associations was not materially altered in any of the sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
Large eGFRdiff was independently associated with risk of DMCs and its subtypes. Our findings suggested monitoring eGFRdiff in the diabetes population has potential benefit for identification of high-risk patients.
Peran Serta Masyarakat Pemeliharaan Bendungan terhadap Sedimentasi di Bendungan Benel dan Palasari Kabupaten Jembrana
Authors: Irma Suryanti  , Wijayanti Putu Ratih 
Published: March 2024

Bendungan Palasari dan Bendungan Benel di Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali, menghadapi masalah sedimentasi yang tinggi yang dapat mempengaruhi kapasitas tampungan waduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab sedimentasi dan mengusulkan upaya konservasi yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat sekitar bendungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan melibatkan Balai Wilayah Sungai Bali Penida dan Satuan Kerja Operasi Pemeliharaan sebagai mitra penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei lapangan dan wawancara dengan masyarakat sekitar bendungan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab sedimentasi, seperti rusaknya lingkungan akibat hutan gundul dan tata guna lahan yang tidak tertutupi oleh tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sedimentasi pada Bendungan Palasari dan Bendungan Benel disebabkan oleh rusaknya lingkungan dan tata guna lahan yang tidak tertutupi oleh tanaman. Upaya konservasi yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat, seperti penghijauan dengan penanaman pohon, diusulkan sebagai solusi untuk mengurangi sedimentasi. Dalam kesimpulannya, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi masalah sedimentasi pada Bendungan Palasari dan Bendungan Benel di Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali. Upaya konservasi yang melibatkan partisipasi masyarakat, seperti penghijauan dengan penanaman pohon, diusulkan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah sedimentasi. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya transfer knowledge kepada masyarakat sekitar bendungan mengenai masalah sedimentasi dan upaya konservasi yang dapat dilakukan.
Curators of digital counterpublics: Mapping alternative news environments in Sweden and Denmark
Authors: Mayerhöffer Eva , Kristensen Jakob Bæk , Ramsland Tim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article maps and compares digital alternative news environments in two Scandinavian countries: Sweden and Denmark. Drawing on an analysis of over 20,000 public social media accounts that have shared alternative news content on eight different social media platforms from January 2019 to March 2022, we document the importance of different types of curators, such as political actors, social media pundits, public discussion groups, and individual “hyper-tweeters”, in multiplying the reach of alternative news content on social media. The analysis reveals substantial differences in the digital curation of alternative news between the two countries, as well as between the curation of left-wing and right-wing alternative content. In the article, we discuss how different types of alternative news curation practices contribute to the formation of digital counterpublics.
Between civic virtue and vice: Self-censorship of political views on social media among Norwegian young adults
Authors: Mozdeika Lukas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While small groups leverage disproportionate visibility online, oftentimes resorting to hostile language, the use of social media for political expression by the majority of Norwegian users has been theorised in terms of lurking, inhibition, and self-restraint. Drawing from qualitative in-depth interviews with young adults of different political orientations and ethnic-cultural backgrounds in Oslo, Norway, I take an abductivehermeneutic approach to analyse their rationale for self-censorship. The findings reveal shared frustrations and risks that explain the prevalence of lurking yet point to different coping mechanisms and expression strategies adopted by the respondents. While progressives tend to internalise their reactions by withdrawing and avoiding confrontations, conservatives more often appeal to self-censorship on the presumption of actual censorship. Different styles of media use call into question divergent ideals of democratic theory, setting self-expressive rationality at odds with deliberative norms of citizenship. I argue that this can help explain increasing perceived political polarisation and disconnection tendencies.
Enduring elites in quoted sources: Institutional alignment in Finnish media, 1999–2018
Authors: Seuri Olli , Koivunen Anu , Levola Henna , Mäkelä Eetu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article addresses the question of whether and how sourcing practices of journalistic news media have been transformed by online-first publishing and the hybridisation of the media system. Focusing on four Finnish news outlets from 1999 to 2018 (a daily newspaper, a news agency, a tabloid, and a public broadcaster), we analyse the essential gatekeeping practice of giving voice to actors by quoting them directly or indirectly. According to our data, the hybrid media context does not lead to an increased diversification of sources. Instead, our analysis indicates a concentration and consolidation of sources across different news outlets: a continued elite source dominance in domestic political news. This development we term institutional alignment, suggesting that, by foregrounding elite sources, the news media seeks to maintain both its gatekeeping function and its key position in networks of power.
Existence and Stability Results for Time-Dependent Impulsive Neutral Stochastic Partial Integrodifferential Equations with Rosenblatt Process and Poisson Jumps
Authors: Chalishajar Dimplekumar , Kasinathan Ramkumar , Kasinathan Ravikumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the existence, uniqueness and stability of mild solutions of time-dependent impulsive neutral stochastic partial integrodifferential equations with the Rosenblatt process and Poisson jumps. The existence of mild solutions for the equations is discussed by means of the semigroup theory and theory of the resolvent operator. Next, under some sufficient conditions, the results are obtained by using the method of successive approximation and Bihari’s inequality. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate our results.
Colombia, entre lo local y lo global: la inserción de las regiones en la nueva economía global
Authors: Lampis Andrea , Kiku Rodríguez Laura 
Published: March 2024

El tema de la divergencia regional frente a la economía globalizada ha sido analizado en Colombia desde una perspectiva principalmente económica. Con base en indicadores de las regiones geográficas del país, este trabajo analiza cuatro aspectos fundamentalesque influyen en las dinámicas locales-globales de las regiones colombianas: cambios institucionales, transformaciones estructurales, demografía y calidad de vida, y cambios geográficos. El análisis de datos sobre la dinámica poblacional, la concentración espacial, la calidad de vida, los flujos migratorios, la descentralización y la estructura productiva plantea un conjunto de interrogantes sobre la inclusión o exclusión desde los beneficios relacionados con un mejor acceso a mercados competitivos.
Historia de los poderes de la libertad. Conversación con Nikolas Rose
Authors: Molina Valencia Nelson , Martínez Sandra Patricia , Molina Pertuz Verónica Lucía 
Published: March 2024

El texto presenta la entrevista realizada al profesor Nikolas Rose el día 11 deseptiembre de 2013, en su visita al Instituto de Psicología y a la Facultad de CienciasSociales y Económicas de la Universidad del Valle. El trabajo del profesorRose se ha centrado en el análisis de las producciones de verdad, la gubernamentalidady la subjetivación que fueron los temas centrales de la conversación. Eltexto es una invitación a superar el divorcio entre práctica y discurso, que sedirime cuando se considera la acción. La reflexión sobre el método se centra enla etnografía como recurso amplio para comprender temas que la investigaciónconvencional no captaría.
Efficient Methods for Reliability Sensitivity Analysis of Distribution Parameters and Their Application
Authors: Liu Junchao , Li Luyi , Zhou Changcong 
Published: March 2024

To efficiently evaluate the influence of the distribution parameters of the input variables on the failure probability of engineering structures and improve the reliability and safety of engineering structures in a targeted manner, new methods for the global reliability sensitivity analysis (RSA) of distribution parameters are proposed in this study based on the cubature formula (CF), surrogate sampling probability density function (SSPDF), and quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) method. By introducing CF, the proposed methods can effectively improve the computational efficiency of the nested expectation and variance operators in the reliability sensitivity indices of the distribution parameters. Based on the concept of SSPDF, a surrogate importance sampling probability density function was developed. This not only overcomes the problem of the computational effort of propagating parameter uncertainty to the failure probability function (FPF), which depends on the dimensionality of the parameters; it also further improves the efficiency of the RSA of the parameters in the case of a small failure probability. Finally, by incorporating the idea of the QMC method, the process of calculating the reliability sensitivity indices of the parameters is reduced from a double-loop to a single-loop one. Three engineering examples are used in this study to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the new algorithms.