bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of chromatic adaptation transforms and concept for their classification
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree types of international recommendations are necessary on CATs (chromatic adaptation transforms). CAT‐Type I and CAT‐Type II are for general use on chromatic adaptation studies. The former is related to chromatic adaptation theory and the latter to performance on field trial data. In addition, CAT‐Type III is necessary for a specific and practical purposes. The need for classifying to CAT‐Type I and CAT‐Type II is found from a careful inspection of the development process from Nayatani et al. transform to BFD transform, referring to the Ph. D. thesis by Lam (University of Bradford, 1985). The process clearly shows two types of flows on the development of various CATs. One is the flow for deepening the theory of chromatic adaptation (CAT‐Type I), and the other is for giving good performance to existing field trial data and also ease of use (CAT‐Type II). Additional CAT‐Type III is, for example, CAT recommended in CIE TC 8‐04 technical report. The CAT is only applicable to compare hardcopy and softcopy images for the specified observing conditions in the report. Still, a difficult problem, determination of corresponding colors, remains in the method of subjective estimation, which is useful and widely used for estimating chromatic adaptation effects experimentally. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 205–217, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20210
Spectral‐based color separation using linear regression iteration
Authors: Urban Philipp , Grigat Rolf‐Rainer 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present article will introduce a very simple new method for spectral‐based color separation. This method inverts a Yule–Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model, utilizing its affine multilinearity in the 1/n‐space. By means of linear regression, a sequence of colorant combinations is constructed converging to a colorant combination that approximates the desired reflectance spectrum in the sense of the smallest RMS error. Each iteration step consists mainly of two simple matrix–vector multiplications. With the aid of various simulation experiments, investigations on the speed of convergence are conducted. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 229–239, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20211
Improvement of CMC upon CIEDE2000 for a new experimental dataset
Authors: Melgosa M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis communication reports additional analyses of the dataset presented in the article “A preliminary comparison of CIE color differences to textile color acceptability using average observers” by Mangine, Jakes, and Noel © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 239–241, 2006
Harmony, peacemaking, and power: Controlling processes and African mediation
Authors: Davidheiser Mark 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnthropologist Laura Nader has advanced a scathing critique of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) as a controlling process. Data from an anthropological study in The Gambia, West Africa, indicate that processes such as mediation have a wide range of social functions and can be used to challenge as well as reinforce hierarchies. A more balanced analysis of conflict resolution and a cross‐cultural perspective illuminate both the challenges and the potential of mediation.
Keeping pace: On‐line technology and ADR services
Authors: Syme David 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOn‐line dispute resolution is more than just the delivery of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) services through the Internet. The introduction of new technology poses opportunities and challenges for dispute resolution policies and practices. Policies and practices that specifically apply to specialized on‐line dispute resolution services will of course need to be developed. But equally, dispute resolution services that do not necessarily see themselves as “on‐line” will continually need to adapt to take account of the increasing availability and quality of new forms of communication.
Transforming landscapes: Forging new ODR systems with a human face
Authors: Hattotuwa Sanjana 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper challenges the current paradigms used for development of on‐line dispute resolution (ODR) and its application to regions in Asia that lack telecommunications infrastructure. The next generation of on‐line dispute resolution systems will need to reflect both the diversity of cultures and the unique sociopolitical structures of the Global South and address issues related to peace building and conflict transformation using technologies already in use in the region, such as mobile telephony and community Internet radio.
Multiplexed flow cytometric analyses of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the culture media of oxysterol‐treated human monocytic cells and in the sera of atherosclerotic patients
Authors: Prunet Céline , Montange Thomas , Véjux Anne , Laubriet Aline , Rohmer Jean‐François , Riedinger Jean‐Marc , Athias Anne , Lemaire‐Ewing Stéphanie , Néel Dominique , Petit Jean‐Michel , Steinmetz Eric , Brenot Roger , Gambert Philippe , Lizard Gérard 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground:Some oxysterols are identified in atheromatous plaques and in plasma of atherosclerotic patients. We asked whether they might modulate cytokine secretion on human monocytic cells. In healthy and atherosclerotic subjects, we also investigated the relationships between circulating levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), conventional markers of hyperlipidemia, some oxysterols (7β‐hydroxycholesterol, 7‐ketocholesterol, and 25‐hydroxycholesterol), and various cytokines.Methods:Different flow cytometric bead‐based assays were used to quantify some cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, IL‐17, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ, MCP‐1, MIP‐1β, or TNF‐α) in the culture media of oxysterol‐treated U937 and THP‐1 cells, and in the sera of healthy and atherosclerotic subjects. CRP and markers of hyperlipidemia were determined with routine analytical methods. Oxysterols were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Flow cytometric and biochemical methods were used to measure IL‐8 mRNA levels, intracellular IL‐8 content, and protein phosphorylation in the mitogenic extracellular kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (MEK/ERK1/2) signaling pathway.Results:All oxysterols investigated are potent in vitro inducers of MCP‐1, MIP‐1β, TNF‐α, and/or IL‐8 secretion, the latter involving the MEK/ERK1/2 cell signaling pathway. In healthy and atherosclerotic subjects, no relationships were found between cytokines (IL‐8, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, IL‐12, and MCP‐1), CRP, conventional markers of hyperlipidemia, and oxysterols. However, in patients with arterial disorders of the lower limbs, small but statistically significant differences in the circulating levels of CRP, TNF‐α, and IL‐10 were observed comparatively to healthy subjects and according to the atherosclerotic stage considered.Conclusions:Flow cytometric bead‐based assays are well adapted to measure variations of cytokine secretion in the culture media of oxysterol‐treated cells and in the sera of healthy and atherosclerotic subjects. They underline the in vitro proinflammatory properties of oxysterols and may permit to distinguish healthy and atherosclerotic subjects, as well as various atherosclerotic stages. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Effects of chromium supplementation on selected metabolic responses in resting and exercising horses
Authors: Vervuert I , Cuddeford D , Coenen M 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChromium (Cr) is required for insulin function in the control of cellular glucose uptake. Other functions of Cr relate to its effects on growth, lipid metabolism, immune responses and interactions with nucleic acids. This study was conducted to obtain information on the effect of Cr supplementation on the metabolic responses of five exercising Standardbred horses. During the experiment, horses were fed every day for a 21-day period in a randomized order either a yeast product without Cr (control) or with 4.15 or 8.3 mg Cr day−1. Horses were exercised on a treadmill, alternating a work day of low-speed exercise at 5 m s−1 on a 3% incline for 45 min with a rest day. Each horse was adapted over a 21-day period to his or her respective supplementation before undergoing a standardized exercise test (SET). The SET comprised five incremental steps, each of 4 min duration, on a treadmill with a 3% incline; the first step was at 5 m s−1 and was followed with increments of 1 m s−1. Blood samples were taken for lactate, plasma glucose, serum insulin and cortisol estimation before, during and after each SET (30, 120 min and 24 h post-exercise). Blood Cr was estimated 2 h after feeding the control or Cr-enriched yeast (intake 8.3 mg Cr) in two horses. Heart rate was monitored throughout each SET. Blood lactate and plasma glucose peaks were highest at 8 and 9 m s−1 during the SET when 8.3 mg Cr was supplied. Serum insulin levels declined during the SET and there were no treatment-related changes. Twenty-four hours after exercise, plasma glucose and serum cortisol concentrations returned to basal levels or lower. Serum insulin rebounded 30 min after exercise but 24 h later, serum insulin concentrations were below resting levels. During the recovery period, Cr supplementation did not clearly affect metabolic responses. These results suggest that Cr supplementation had no beneficial effect in healthy, exercising horses.
Effect of seven common supplements on plasma electrolyte and total carbon dioxide concentration and strong ion difference in Standardbred horses subjected to a simulated race test
Authors: Szucsik Amanda , Baliskonis Valarie , McKeever Kenneth H 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study used a randomized crossover design, with investigators blind to the treatment given, to test the hypothesis that seven commercially available electrolyte supplements would alter plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl−, lactate, total protein (TP) and total carbon dioxide (tCO2) as well as plasma strong ion difference (SID) and haematocrit (HCT). Ten unfit Standardbred mares (∼450 kg, 4–9 years) completed a series of simulated race exercise tests (SRT) during which venous blood was collected at five sampling intervals (prior to receiving electrolyte treatment, prior to the SRT, immediately following exercise and at 60 and 90 min post-SRT). Plasma electrolyte and tCO2concentrations were measured in duplicate using a Beckman EL-ISE electrolyte analyser. No difference (P>0.05) between treatments was detected at any of the five sampling intervals for plasma [Na+], [K+], [Cl−] or [tCO2]. Similarly, no significant difference was detected between treatments across each of the five sampling intervals for plasma SID, HCT or TP concentration. There were differences (P<0.05) in plasma [Na+], [K+] and [tCO2] (as well as plasma SID, HCT, and TP concentration) in the immediately post-SRT samples that were attributable to the physiological pressures associated with acute exercise. No differences (P>0.05) were detected between treatments across the pre-electrolyte and pre-SRT sampling intervals for plasma lactate concentration. There was, however, a significant time by treatment interaction during the 0, 60 and 90 min post-SRT sampling intervals for this parameter. The electrolyte supplements featured in this investigation did not affect either plasma tCO2concentration or SID; however, this result does not rule out the potential for other supplements, especially those containing alkalinizing ingredients, to exert an effect that could push a horse towards threshold values.
Lack of microalbuminuria in sled dogs following exercise
Authors: Durocher L , Hinchcliff K , Williamson K , McKenzie E , Holbrook T , Willard M , Royer C , Davis M 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHumans undergoing intense exercise exhibit transient microalbuminuria. Previous studies have shown that swimming, but not running, induces microalbuminuria in dogs. In this study, urine samples were collected from nineteen well-conditioned Alaskan sled dogs and analysed by the Heska ERD-Screen Test for microalbuminuria. None of the dogs has microalbuminuria, indicated that well-trained dogs do not develop microalbuminuria after running. Further studies are needed to determine if these dogs do develop microalbuminuria after competition or longer-distane runs.
The effect of weighted boots on the movement of the back in the asymptomatic riding horse
Authors: Wennerstrand Josefine , Johnston Christopher , Rhodin Marie , Roethlisberger-Holm Karin , Drevemo Stig 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBack dysfunction is an important reason for impaired performance in sport horses. Limb movements influence the movements of the back and factors affecting the limbs may therefore affect the movement of the back. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of weighted boots on the fore- and hind limbs on the movement of the back. The back kinematics of eight horses was studied at the walk and trot on a treadmill. The ranges of movement (ROM) of the back were compared intra-individually, using Wilcoxon matched pairs test, when the horses moved with and without weighted boots on the fore- and hind limbs, respectively. Differences were considered significant atP<0.05. Weighted boots on the hind limbs increased the ROM for dorsoventral flexion and extension in the lumbar back at the walk and decreased the ROM for lateral bending at the thoracolumbar junction at the trot. Weighted boots on the forelimbs decreased the ROM for lateral bending at the withers at the trot. Knowledge of the effect of weighted boots on the back movement is useful in training and rehabilitation of sport horses. Weighted boots on the hind limbs at the walk may induce strengthening of the flexors of the lumbar back and increase the flexion–extension of the lumbar back under controlled conditions.
Promoter Shuffling at a Nuclear Gene for Mitochondrial RPL27. Involvement of Interchromosome and Subsequent Intrachromosome Recombinations
Authors: Ueda Minoru , Arimura Shin-ichi , Yamamoto Masayuki P. , Takaiwa Fumio , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Kadowaki Koh-ichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The Reclinomonas americana mitochondrial genome contains a mitochondrial ribosomal protein L27 (rpl27) gene, whereas the rpl27 gene is absent from all plant mitochondrial genomes examined to date. This suggests that plant mitochondrial rpl27 genes have been transferred previously from the mitochondrial genome to the nuclear genome. A nuclear cDNA encoding mitochondrial RPL27 was identified in rice (Oryza sativa). Three similar sequences were identified: rpl27-1 and rpl27-2 on chromosome 8 and rpl27-3 on chromosome 4. Harr plot analysis suggests that they were generated by inter- and intrachromosomal duplications. Interestingly, the transcribed rpl27 gene (rpl27-1) acquired a promoter sequence that was derived from the rice spt16 (Osspt16) gene, the homolog of a global transcription factor in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) located downstream from the rpl27-3 sequence on chromosome 4, after inter- and intrachromosomal recombination. Reverse transcription-PCR and promoter assay revealed that the rpl27 mRNAs were mainly transcribed from rpl27-1. A repeat of seven nucleotides (AATAGTT) was identified at the junction of rpl27-1 and rpl27-2 on chromosome 8, and the same repeat was also identified at the 5′ end of rpl27-2 and the 3′ end of rpl27-1. This repeat (AATAGTT) contains the hot-spot sequence AGTT, which is preferentially recognized by topoisomerase I in wheat (Triticum aestivum) germ, suggesting the involvement of topoisomerase I in this recombination. We here report the example of promoter shuffling and show that this promoter shuffling resulted from a recent segmental duplication through inter- and intrachromosomal recombination events.
Arabidopsis INOSITOL TRANSPORTER4 Mediates High-Affinity H+ Symport of Myoinositol across the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Schneider Sabine , Schneidereit Alexander , Konrad Kai R. , Hajirezaei Mohammad-Reza , Gramann Monika , Hedrich Rainer , Sauer Norbert 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour genes of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) monosaccharide transporter-like superfamily share significant homology with transporter genes previously identified in the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), a model system for studies on salt tolerance of higher plants. These ice plant transporters had been discussed as tonoplast proteins catalyzing the inositol-dependent efflux of Na+ ions from vacuoles. The subcellular localization and the physiological role of the homologous proteins in the glycophyte Arabidopsis were unclear. Here we describe Arabidopsis INOSITOL TRANSPORTER4 (AtINT4), the first member of this subgroup of Arabidopsis monosaccharide transporter-like transporters. Functional analyses of the protein in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Xenopus laevis oocytes characterize this protein as a highly specific H+ symporter for myoinositol. These activities and analyses of the subcellular localization of an AtINT4 fusion protein in Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) reveal that AtINT4 is located in the plasma membrane. AtINT4 promoter-reporter gene plants demonstrate that AtINT4 is strongly expressed in Arabidopsis pollen and phloem companion cells. The potential physiological role of AtINT4 is discussed.
Response of the Leaf Cell Wall to Desiccation in the Resurrection Plant Myrothamnus flabellifolius
Authors: Moore John P. , Nguema-Ona Eric , Chevalier Laurence , Lindsey George G. , Brandt Wolf F. , Lerouge Patrice , Farrant Jill M. , Driouich Azeddine 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The Myrothamnus flabellifolius leaf cell wall and its response to desiccation were investigated using electron microscopic, biochemical, and immunocytochemical techniques. Electron microscopy revealed desiccation-induced cell wall folding in the majority of mesophyll and epidermal cells. Thick-walled vascular tissue and sclerenchymous ribs did not fold and supported the surrounding tissue, thereby limiting the extent of leaf shrinkage and allowing leaf morphology to be rapidly regained upon rehydration. Isolated cell walls from hydrated and desiccated M. flabellifolius leaves were fractionated into their constituent polymers and the resulting fractions were analyzed for monosaccharide content. Significant differences between hydrated and desiccated states were observed in the water-soluble buffer extract, pectin fractions, and the arabinogalactan protein-rich extract. A marked increase in galacturonic acid was found in the alkali-insoluble pectic fraction. Xyloglucan structure was analyzed and shown to be of the standard dicotyledonous pattern. Immunocytochemical analysis determined the cellular location of the various epitopes associated with cell wall components, including pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinogalactan proteins, in hydrated and desiccated leaf tissue. The most striking observation was a constitutively present high concentration of arabinose, which was associated with pectin, presumably in the form of arabinan polymers. We propose that the arabinan-rich leaf cell wall of M. flabellifolius possesses the necessary structural properties to be able to undergo repeated periods of desiccation and rehydration.
Nitric Oxide- and Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Gene Regulation during Cell Death Induction in Tobacco
Authors: Zago Elisa , Morsa Stijn , Dat James F. , Alard Philippe , Ferrarini Alberto , Inzé Dirk , Delledonne Massimo , Van Breusegem Frank 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are regulatory molecules in various developmental processes and stress responses. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves exposed to moderate high light dramatically potentiated NO-mediated cell death in catalase-deficient (CAT1AS) but not in wild-type plants, providing genetic evidence for a partnership between NO and H2O2 during the induction of programmed cell death. With this experimental model system, the specific impact on gene expression was characterized by either NO or H2O2 alone or both molecules combined. By means of genome-wide cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, transcriptional changes were compared in high light-treated CAT1AS and wild-type leaves treated with or without the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. Differential gene expression was detected for 214 of the approximately 8,000 transcript fragments examined. For 108 fragments, sequence analysis revealed homology to genes with a role in signal transduction, defense response, hormone interplay, proteolysis, transport, and metabolism. Surprisingly, only 16 genes were specifically induced by the combined action of NO and H2O2, whereas the majority were regulated by either of them alone. At least seven transcription factors were mutually up-regulated, indicating significant overlap between NO and H2O2 signaling pathways. These results consolidate significant cross-talk between NO and H2O2, provide new insight into the early transcriptional response of plants to increased NO and H2O2 levels, and identify target genes of the combined action of NO and H2O2 during the induction of plant cell death.
Transcription Analysis of Arabidopsis Membrane Transporters and Hormone Pathways during Developmental and Induced Leaf Senescence
Authors: van der Graaff Eric , Schwacke Rainer , Schneider Anja , Desimone Marcelo , Flügge Ulf-Ingo , Kunze Reinhard 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA comparative transcriptome analysis for successive stages of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) developmental leaf senescence (NS), darkening-induced senescence of individual leaves attached to the plant (DIS), and senescence in dark-incubated detached leaves (DET) revealed many novel senescence-associated genes with distinct expression profiles. The three senescence processes share a high number of regulated genes, although the overall number of regulated genes during DIS and DET is about 2 times lower than during NS. Consequently, the number of NS-specific genes is much higher than the number of DIS- or DET-specific genes. The expression profiles of transporters (TPs), receptor-like kinases, autophagy genes, and hormone pathways were analyzed in detail. The Arabidopsis TPs and other integral membrane proteins were systematically reclassified based on the Transporter Classification system. Coordinate activation or inactivation of several genes is observed in some TP families in all three or only in individual senescence types, indicating differences in the genetic programs for remobilization of catabolites. Characteristic senescence type-specific differences were also apparent in the expression profiles of (putative) signaling kinases. For eight hormones, the expression of biosynthesis, metabolism, signaling, and (partially) response genes was investigated. In most pathways, novel senescence-associated genes were identified. The expression profiles of hormone homeostasis and signaling genes reveal additional players in the senescence regulatory network.