bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interviewing children about trauma: Problems with “Specific” questions
Authors: Peterson Carole , Biggs Marleen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA methodological ambiguity is described that may well adversely affect the quality of information provided by young child witnesses. Because the information children provide during interviews is sometimes the only evidence in forensic situations, its quality is a serious concern. “Specific” questions are often necessary to elicit enough information, but we describe a confusion between wh‐ questions (which request particular information) and yes/no questions (which merely require confirmation or disconfirmation). Research in which children are systematically interviewed about stressful medical experiences is reviewed, and we present results of a pilot investigation in which 2‐ to 13‐year‐old children were interviewed about traumatic injuries necessitating hospital treatment. Yes/no questions were problematic for preschoolers. Implications for testimony are discussed.
Posttraumatic symptoms in South African Police exposed to violence
Authors: Kopel Heidi , Friedman Merle 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study was undertaken with 55 Internal Stability Unit (ISU) members of the South African Police (SAP) to establish whether the situations under which they work, continuous and current, as opposed to prior traumatic exposure, would result in a particular type of traumatic symptom constellation. The results indicated that the traumatic stressor of witnessing a traumatic event was predictive of the symptoms of intrusion. However, symptoms of intrusion were correlated with symptoms of avoidance, suggesting that avoidance may be a defensive response to intrusive phenomena which are a direct effect of exposure to violence. Various hypotheses were suggested to explain this phenomenon, focusing on the need for denial within a macho police culture and the particular features of the South African scenario.
Single session effects of treatment components within a specialized inpatient posttraumatic stress disorder program
Authors: Johnson David Read , Lubin Hadar , James Miller , Hale Kristin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined the potential contributions of individual treatment components within one inpatient posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) program. Fifteen treatment components were assessed by a self‐report instrument administered to a cohort of veterans just before and immediately after each session approximately halfway through the program. Components with an external focus, action modality, and, secondarily, little Vietnam content were associated with more improvement than components with an internal focus, verbal modality, or high Vietnam content. Improvement was greatest in veterans with fewer PTSD symptoms. Short‐term improvement was not correlated with veterans' ratings at discharge of component effectiveness. These results were later confirmed on a second cohort. This study supports the potential roles of distraction and physical release, as opposed to exploratory verbal discussion, in the treatment of chronic combat‐related PTSD.
Discussion: Treatment of prolonged posttraumatic stress disorder—learning from experience
Authors: Shalev Arieh Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReports of limited treatment effect in Vietnam veterans with PTSD are discussed. Survivors of multiple traumata who suffer from complex PTSD and who live in poverty and distress may not properly represent the general case of PTSD. Yet the lessons learned suggest that attempts to treat prolonged PTSD by rederessing causation are ineffective. The appropriateness of targeting symptoms is also challenged. Previously heralded rethorics of healing trauma should be replaced by careful assessment of residual disability in a social context. Recognizing treatment‐resistance in PTSD could lead to favorably investigating interventions of modest effect, to shifting from exploration to rehabilitation, and to redefining outcome measures such that changes in a variety of domains are appreciated.
An affect‐management group for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and histories of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Zlotnick Caron , Shea Tracie M. , Rosen Karen , Simpson Elizabeth , Mulrenin Kate , Begin Ann , Pearlstein Teri 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSystematic research on effective treatment for survivors of childhood sexual abuse with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is virtually non‐existent. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of an affect‐management treatment (AM) group to a wait list control condition for female survivors of childhood sexual abuse with PTSD. Forty‐eight female survivors of childhood sexual abuse with PTSD were randomly assigned to either a 15‐week affect‐management treatment group or to a wait list control condition. All subjects received individual psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for the duration of the study, and for at least 1‐month prior to the study. Controlling for pretreatment scores, subjects who completed the affect‐management treatment group (n = 17) reported significantly fewer posttreatment symptoms of PTSD and dissociation than subjects in the wait list control condition (n = 16). Our findings suggest that an affect‐management group treatment is beneficial as an adjunct to individual psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for survivors of childhood sexual abuse with PTSD.
Posttraumatic stress disorder, self‐ and interpersonal dysfunction among sexually retraumatized women
Authors: Cloitre Marylene , Scarvalone Polly , Difede JoAnn 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study assessed self and interpersonal dysfunction as well as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among three groups of women: women sexually assaulted in both childhood and adulthood, women sexually assaulted only in adulthood and women who were never assaulted. Rates of PTSD were high and equivalent in the two assault groups. However, retraumatized women were more likely to be alexithymic, show dissociation scores indicating risk for dissociative disorders, and to have attempted suicide compared to the other two groups, who did not differ from each other. Additionally, only the retraumatized women experienced clinically significant levels of interpersonal problems. The findings suggest that formulations more inclusive than PTSD are required to capture the psychological difficulties experienced by this population. Treatment implications are discussed.
The effects of stressor type on projected coping
Authors: Bjorck Jeffrey P. , Klewicki Lisa L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious analog research (Bjorck & Cohen, 1993), in which Caucasian college students' projected coping responses to major stressors differed as a function of stressor type (threat, loss, or challenge), was replicated with an ethnoculturally diverse sample. Because Bjorck and Cohen's findings might have been confounded by participants' prior life experiences and/or differing perceptions of event controllability, these two dimensions were also assessed. Even after statistically controlling for these two potential confounds, however, projected coping again differed as a function of stressor type. Effects of both controllability and prior experience were also found. Results are discussed in terms of their application to coping processes in general and to coping with trauma in particular.
Dynamic lot‐sizing model with production time windows
Authors: Hwang Hark‐Chin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe consider a dynamic lot‐sizing model with production time windows where each of n demands has earliest and latest production due dates and it must be satisfied during the given time window. For the case of nonspeculative cost structure, an O(nlogn) time procedure is developed and it is shown to run in O(n) when demands come in the order of latest production due dates. When the cost structure is somewhat general fixed plus linear that allows speculative motive, an optimal procedure with O(T4) is proposed where T is the length of a planning horizon. Finally, for the most general concave production cost structure, an optimal procedure with O(T5) is designed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
ANEMONA: a programming language for network monitoring applications
Authors: Duarte Elias Procópio , Musicante Martin A. , Fernandes Henrique Denes H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis work presents ANEMONA: A language for programming NEtwork MONitoring Applications. The compilation of an ANEMONA program generates code for configuring a policy repository and the corresponding policy deployment and event monitoring. The language allows the definition of expressions of managed objects that are monitored, as well as triggers that when fired may indicate the occurrence of associated events, which are also defined by the language. A translator for the language was implemented that generates code for configuring both the policy repository and deployment. The current implementation of the language employs the Expression MIB and Event MIB. Experimental results are presented, including an ANEMONA program that detects TCP Syn Flooding attacks, and a program for detecting steep variations in the utilization of monitored links. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the aroma of maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) using headspace solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Araújo Hiram Costa , Lacerda Maria Elisa Gonçalves , Lopes Daíse , Bizzo Humberto Ribeiro , Kaplan Maria Auxiliadora Coelho 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVolatile and semi‐volatile components of maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) were analysed by headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Five SPME fibres coated separately with 100 µm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), 65 µm PDMS–divinylbenzene (DVB), 70 µm carbowax (CW)–DVB, 85 µm carboxen (CAR)–PMDS or 50/30 µm DVB–CAR, were tested. Seventy compounds were identified in the sample headspace, including propanal, (E)‐2‐pentenal, hexanal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, (E,Z)‐2,4‐heptadienal, (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal, (E,Z)‐3,5‐octadien‐2‐one, β‐cyclocitral, 3‐ethyl 4‐methyl‐(1H)‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione, α‐ionone, geranylacetone, β‐ionone, dihydroactinidiolide and caffeine. Extraction parameters such as temperature, time and sample mass were studied and optimized. The best conditions for trapping volatile and semi‐volatile compounds were obtained using a DVB–CAR fibre at 80°C for 60 min with a sample mass starting from 100 mg in a vial of 4 mL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lecture‐driven instruction
Authors: Bullock Donald 
Published: June 2007

AbstractINSTRUCTION, LECTURE‐DRIVEN–a form of instruction in which the major activity is that of a seated or standing or walking around or even rolling around instructor talking to a group of students; may include occasionally any of the following–answering/asking questions, commenting on student's answers to questions, writing on chalkboard/easel pad, displaying a visual (e. g., slide, transparency), demonstrating a procedure while pointing out its main features, or doing the same for equipment or job aids or refereence material, and so on.
Synthesis of well‐defined glycidyl methacrylate based block copolymers with self‐activation and self‐initiation behaviors via ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Jiang Ping , Shi Yi , Liu Pengsheng , Cai Yuanli 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWell‐defined glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) based di‐ and triblock copolymers, with self‐activation and self‐initiation behaviors by incorporation of 2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DEA) blocks, were synthesized via ambient temperature atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The stability of the GMA pendant oxirane rings in tertiary amine environments at ambient temperature was investigated. More importantly, both self‐activation behavior in oxirane ring opening addition reaction and self‐initiation behavior in post‐cure oxirane ring opening crosslinking of these block copolymers were evidenced by 1H NMR studies. The results demonstrated that the reactivity of pendent oxirane rings was strongly dependant on the nucleophilicity and steric hindrance of tertiary amine moieties and temperature. This facilitated the synthesis of well‐defined block copolymers of GMA and DEA via sequential monomer addition ATRP, particularly for polymerization of GMA monomer at ambient temperature. Moreover, these one‐component GMA based block polymers have novel self‐activation and self‐initiation properties, rendering some potential applications in both enzyme immobilization and GMA‐based thermosetting materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2947–2958, 2007
Hyperbranched poly(ether–urea)s using AB2‐type blocked isocyanate monomer and azide monomer: Synthesis, characterization, reactive end functionalization, and copolymerization with AB monomer
Authors: Vanjinathan Mahalingam , Raghavan A. , Sultan Nasar A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract3,5‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl phenylcarbamate—a novel AB2‐type blocked isocyanate monomer and 3,5‐bis{ethyleneoxy(4‐aminophenoxy)}phenyl carbonyl azide—a novel AB2‐type azide monomer were synthesized in high yield. Step‐growth polymerization of these monomers were found to give a first example of hyperbranched poly (aryl‐ether‐urea) and poly(aryl‐alkyl‐ether‐urea). Molecular weights (Mw) of the polymer were found to vary from 1,858 to 52,432 depending upon the monomer and experimental conditions used. The polydispersity indexes were relatively narrow due to the controlled regeneration of isocyanate functional groups for the polymerization reaction. The degree of branching (DB) was determined using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and the values ranged from 87 to 54%. All the polymers underwent two‐stage decomposition and were stable up to 300 °C. Functionalized end‐capping of poly(aryl‐ether‐urea) using phenylchloroformate and di‐t‐butyl dicarbonate (Boc)2O changed the thermal properties and solubility of the polymers. Copolymerization of AB2‐type blocked isocyante monomer with functionally similar AB monomer were also carried out. The molecular weights of copolymers were found to be in the order of 6 × 105 with narrow dispersity. It was found that the Tg's of poly(aryl‐alkyl‐ether‐urea)s were significantly less (46–49 °C) compared to poly(aryl‐ether‐urea)s. Moreover the former showed melting transition at 154 °C, which was not observed in the latter case. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2959–2977, 2007
Synthesis of self‐photosensitizing polyesters containing donor–acceptor norbornadiene moieties and benzophenone groups and their photochemical reactions
Authors: Ono Yoshitomo , Kawashima Naoyuki , Kudo Hiroto , Nishikubo Tadatomi , Nagai Takabumi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe ring‐opening copolymerization of a glycidyl ester derivative having a benzophenone group and the donor–acceptor norbornadiene (D‐A NBD) dicarboxylic acid, 5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,4,6,7,7‐pentamethyl‐2,5‐norbornadiene‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid, monoglycidyl ester derivatives with D‐A NBD dicarboxylic anhydride using tetraphenylphosphonium bromide as a catalyst proceeded smoothly to give novel self‐photosensitizing NBD polymers in good yields. The molecular weight of these polyesters was about 4,000, and lower than that of analogous NBD polymers having no benzophenone group. All the synthesized NBD polymers isomerized smoothly to the corresponding quadricyclane (QC) polymers upon UV irradiation in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution and in the film state. The rate of the photoisomerization of the D‐A NBD moieties in these polymers was higher than that of the D‐A NBD moieties in the polymer having no photosensitizing group. Furthermore, the rate of the photoisomerization of the D‐A NBD moieties in these polymers was also higher than that of the NBD polymer with low molecular weight photosensitizer in dilute solution. The photo‐irradiated polymers having QC moieties released thermal energies of 146–180 J/g. The D‐A NBD moieties contained in these NBD polymers possessed fair to good fatigue resistance. The degradation of the NBD moieties in these polymers was 15–30% after 50 repeated cycles of interconversion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2978–2988, 2007
Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization of new norbornene‐based monomers containing various chromophores
Authors: Liaw Der‐Jang , Wang Kun‐Li , Lee Kueir‐Rarn , Lai Juin‐Yih 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPure exo‐functional norbornene monomers containing various chromophores such as fluorene, pyrene, and carbazole were successfully prepared via the Diels–Alder reaction and condensation reaction. The living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a fluorene‐containing monomer, exo‐2‐(fluorene‐9‐ylcarboxymethyl)norborn‐5‐ene (exo‐1), was observed and confirmed by the formation of a diblock copolymer and a linear relationship between the number‐average molecular weight and [M]/[I] ratios ([M] = monomer concentration; [I] = initiator concentration). The synthesis and characteristics of novel fluorene‐containing polymers based on pure exo‐1 are reported with Grubbs catalyst I {RuCl2(CHPh)[P(C6H11)3]2} with a high molecular weight of 3.18 × 104 in 90 s ([M]/[I] = 100). However, the ROMP of pyrene‐ and carbazole‐containing monomers [exo‐5‐(pyrene methoxy carbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene and exo‐5‐(carbazole ethoxy carbonyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐ene, respectively] were carried out in a nonliving fashion. All the chromophore‐containing polymers showed excellent solubility in various organic solvents, particularly in chloroform, N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene. The glass transition temperatures of polynorbornenes containing various chromophores were determined to be 80–109 °C (by differential scanning calorimetry) higher than that of ring‐opened polynorbornene (glass transition temperature = 35 °C), indicating that the incorporation of the pendant aromatic moieties (e.g., fluorene, pyrene, and carbazole) could enhance the transition temperature for segmental motions of polymer chains. The photoluminescence spectra of all polymer solutions showed a strong emission in the blue region of the visible spectra. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3022–3031, 2007
Semiochemicals for biting fly control: their identification and exploitation
Authors: Logan James G , Birkett Michael A 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInsects that feed on the blood of vertebrates are difficult to control, and many previous efforts have been unsuccessful. This is becoming an ever increasing issue, not only in developing countries, but also in developed countries, as exemplified by the recent spread of West Nile virus by mosquitoes across the USA and recent dengue outbreaks in Singapore and Australia. Investigating the ways in which biting insects interact with each other, their environment and their hosts is providing valuable knowledge that will lead to the development of improved control technologies. For instance, recent advances in chemical ecology research have led to the identification of new semiochemicals that show great potential as control agents against biting insects. Exciting new chemical ecology tools and control technologies for the future are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of interfaces and the modulation doping technique on the magneto‐transport properties of HgTe based quantum wells
Authors: Becker C. R. , Brüne C. , Schäfer M. , Roth A. , Buhmann H. , Molenkamp L. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe influence of interfaces in the structure of HgTe based quantum wells (QW's), their structure as well as the necessary technological processes on their transport properties have been investigated and either reduced or optimized. The mobility (μ) of the 2‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has been shown to increase when the separation of the 2DEG from the ionized donors is increased, and when the separation of the QW structure from both the insulator on top and the CdTe buffer interface is increased. Furthermore, replacing wet chemical etching in the Hall bar photolithography procedure with a dry plasma etch process resulted in a 2.5 fold increase in the μ. Values for μ up to 0.7 × 106 cm2/(Vs) at 4.2 K have been reproducibly achieved. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of chemical bonding in electronic excited states using parity function
Authors: Kadantsev Eugene S. , Schmider Hartmut L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe parity function (Schmider, J Chem Phys 1996, 105, 11134) is a projection of the spin‐traced one‐particle density matrix, which is strongly influenced by chemical bonding and its type. In this article, we apply the Parity Function to analyze chemical bonding in the electronic excited states of some small molecules, computed with the time‐dependent density functional theory. The calculations were carried out within the standard linear combination of atomic orbitals framework. We found that the changes in the parity function upon the excitation can be interpreted in terms of chemically relevant concepts such as bond breaking. We hope that the parity function will become a useful tool for understanding electronic excited states. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Untersuchungen zur Drehbettung von biegedrillknickgefährdeten Trägern durch Sandwichelemente
Authors: Dürr Markus , Podleschny Ralf , Saal Helmut 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExperimentelle Untersuchungen und parametrische Berechnungen mit einem Finite‐Element‐Modell zeigen, dass die drehstabilisierende Wirkung von Sandwichelementen auf biegedrillknickgefährdete Träger durch eine trilineare Momenten‐Verdrehungsbeziehung erfasst werden kann. Für die Berechnung der Para‐meter zur Darstellung dieser Beziehung werden für unterschiedliche Profiltypen und Sandwichelemente für Dach und Wand Formeln angegeben. Aus der Momenten‐Verdrehungsbeziehung lässt sich in Abhängigkeit von der Pfettenauflast die Anschlusssteifigkeit cϑA als Sekantensteifigkeit ablesen. Damit kann entsprechend DIN 18800 Teil 2 die für den Nachweis der Biegedrillknicksicherheit benötigte Drehfedersteifigkeit cϑ bestimmt werden. Die bisher auf lediglich zwei Elementtypen beschränkten Kenntnisse von Anschlusssteifigkeiten für Sandwichelemente werden durch dieses Verfahren auf die üblichen Varianten von Sandwichelementen und Bauausführungen erweitert.
Starr verankerte dünnwandige windbelastete Kreiszylinderschalen mit Dachscheibe
Authors: Gehrig Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAufgrund der Neufassung der Windlastnorm DIN 1055‐4 wurde eine Überarbeitung des in dieser Zeitschrift vom Verfasser veröffentlichten Aufsatzes [1] über windbelastete Zylinder erforderlich. Im Zuge dieser Überarbeitung werden die Schnittkrafttabellen für starre Verankerung sowohl für schlanke bis mittelschlanke als auch für stark gedrungene Behälter (Flachbodentanks) angegeben. Der Einfluss einer elastischen Zugverankerung wird exemplarisch untersucht.
Erfahrungen mit der neuen DIN 1055‐4 im Stahlschornsteinbau
Authors: Hovestädt Laurenz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDer Aufsatz fasst die ersten Erfahrungen des Autors mit der neuen Windlastnorm DIN 1055‐4 im Stahlschornsteinbau zusammen. Er vergleicht die Ermittlung der Bölastprofile nach DIN 1055‐4 mit der nach der bisher für Stahlschornsteine gültigen DIN 4133 Anhang A. Zudem werden einige Vorschläge gemacht, die dem Praktiker Vereinfachungen in der Anwendung der Norm bieten können.