bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATHOGENESIS OF 1,2‐DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE‐INDUCED CARCINOMAS IN RAT INTESTINE
Authors: Takemiya Masatake , Miyayama Haruhiko , Takeuchi Tadao 
Published: December 2008

Two hundred twenty seven lesions of DMH‐induced intestinal carcinomas of 68 male Wistar rats were investigated by means of histochemical and electron microscopic properties to study their histogenesis and mucinogenesis. Among the epithelial glycoproteins, surface glycoprotein on the microvilli with glycocalyces was distinguishable from mucin in the cytoplasm based on histochemical staining and ultrastructural findings. From the phenotypic characteristics of glycoproteins, it was suggested that DMH‐induced carcinomas could be classified into mucin producing carcinomas composed mainly of cells containing intracellular mucins and non‐mucin producing ones. The mucin producing carcinomas consisted of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma presumably resulting from various degrees of differentiation into goblet cells. Their staining attitude varied and cells with neutral mucin, sialomucin and sulphated mucin were observed in the signet ring cell carcinoma. In addition, abnormal synthesis of glycoproteins was observed with ConA‐paradox staining and PATS/PB/KOH/PAS. These histochemical properties suggested irregulatory synthesis of glycoproteins in carcinomas.In non‐mucin producing carcinomas, glycoproteins were found mainly on the apical surface and contained sialomucin.A deviated differentiation into an absorptive cell could form an intracytoplasmic cyst filled with an aggregation of glycocalyces, so becoming another type of signet ring cell.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DUODENAL SOMATOSTATINOMAS
Authors: KANEKO Hiroshi , SUMIDA TosMko , TOSHIMA Muneatsu , KOBAYASHI Hiroshi , KITAZAWA Mikio 
Published: December 2008

Ultrastructural findings of granules and vesicles appearing in tumor cells of somatostatinoma are reported. Except for D granules, one granule and four kinds of vesicles were discerned. Some tumor cells had granules of the exocrine type which were similar to those of the chief cells of the stomach. Very small clear vesicles (YO and KO) had accumulated mainly in the apical region of the somatostatinoma cells. Both vesicles were round, unit–membrane bounded and clear in the center, each measuring about 90 and 30 nm in diameter. The cored vesicles normally seen in the sympathetic system were revealed. Doughnut vesicles characterized by double contour membranes were detected together with the cored vesicles.A mixutre of exocrine cells of the chief cell–type in the paraneuroma has not been previously reported. And we have as yet very little information as to the doughnut vesicle. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 359–366, 1983.
FOAMY CELLS IN ITP SPLEENS AND IN GRANULOMAS INDUCED BY MURINE PLATELETS, COMMERCIALIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE
Authors: Ishihara Tokuhiro , Akizuki Shin'ichiro , Yamanami Sadayoshi , Yamashita Yoshimi , Yokota Tadaaki , Okuzono Yoshiko , Takahashi Mutsuo , Kamei Toshiaki , Uchino Fumiya , Matsumoto Noboru 
Published: December 2008

A large number of foamy cells were noted in the spleens from fourteen ITP patients, and two patients ‐who received a large amount of platelet rich plasma. Using the unlabelled immunoperoxidase method, these foamy cells were shown to contain platelet antigen. Platelets in varying stages of intracellular digestion, from intact‐apperaring forms to myelin‐like materials, were disclosed in foamy cells.Foamy cells were experimentally induced in granulomas by subcutaneous injection of platelets with or without accompanied administration of steroid, the platelets reacted with anti‐murine platelet antibody, commercialized phospholipids (PE, PC, SM, PS, and the mixture of them), and the red blood cell membrane. The foamy cells induced by the subcutaneous injection of platelets are similar to those in the spleens of ITP patients. The lipid in foamy cells is chiefly derived from the membrane phospholipid of injected platelets. Concentric myelin‐like materials were also noted in the foamy cells after injection of erythrocyte membrane. The myelin‐like materials in these foamy cells are similar to those appearing in macrophages following injection of PC and SM. This suggests that these phospholipids derived from cell membrane are more resistant to intracellular digestion by lysosomal enzymes. We conclude that the foamy appearance of the cordal macrophage in ITP spleens results from incomplete intracellular degradation of platelet membrane.
ORCEIN POSITIVE HEPATOCELLULAR MATERIAL IN THE LIVER With Special Reference to Its Relationship with Human Lipofuscin
Authors: Tanaka Kaoru , Mori Wataru 
Published: December 2008

Histopathological relationship between orcein positive hepatocellular material (ophm) reported by SIPPONEN and human lipofuscin (hip) was investigated. Ophm was found to be very similar to hip of the liver as well as of heart muscle cell morphologically and histochemically, and it seems to be quite rational to consider that ophm may be a substance which belongs to the lysosome series comprising hip and prelipofuscin. Ophm has been discussed often from a view point of copper contents, which was considered to be one of its specific characters, but it has become clear that hip can also possess copper according to our Investigation and to some reports of other researchers. This fact throws a doubt on the significance of the specific relation between ophm and copper, as well as the usability of orcein stain for detecting copper in histological specimens.Victoria blue stain is quite useful for the detection of hip including ophm, since it gives a blue color for it with a good contrast against red colored cytoplasm and nucleus. However, this can not be considered as a method for specific stain of copper either.
NEONATAL TYPE OF ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Kuhara Hajime , Wakabayashi Takashi , Kishimoto Hidemasa , Hayashi Kotaro , Katoh Toshiyuki , Itoh Jin , Wada Yoshiro 
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of neonatal argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) deficiency demonstrating the particular histological changes of the liver are presented.Case 1 was a female infant with elevated blood ammonia and citrulline. The patient died of sepsis at nineteen days after birth. Autopsy revealed hematomas in bilateral cerebral hemispheres and a yellow liver parenchyma. Histologically, the cerebrum showed diffuse astrogliosis with Alzheimer type II cell and swollen cytoplasm. Status spongiosus and gliosis were observed in the subthalamic and pontine nuclei. The liver demonstrated fatty degeneration and wide portal space with bile duct proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASS activities in the liver and the kidneys were not detected.Case 2 was a female infant who died of respiratory distress twenty‐four days after birth. Autopsy revealed hematomas in the bilateral cerebral ventricles and a liver with yellow parenchyma. Histologically, there was destruction of arrangement in the cerebrum and cerebellum together with marked decrease of nerve cells with gliosis and phagocytosis. The liver showed mild fatty degeneration and wide portal space accompanied by bile duct proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. The ASS activities in the liver and kidneys were not detected. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35 : 995–1006, 1985.
Localization of E‐Cadherin adhesion molecules in human gingiva and gingival carcinoma
Authors: Sakaki Toshio , Wato Masahiro , Otake Satoko , Shirasu Rikiya , Tanaka Akio 
Published: December 2008

Immunohistochemical investigations were carried out on the localization and expression of the Ca2+‐dependent intercellular adhesion molecule E‐cadherin in human gingiva and gingival carcinoma. Although E‐cadherin did not appear in the parakeratinized layer of either clinically healthy or inflamed gingiva, it did appear strongly in the prickle layer and somewhat more weakly in the basal layer. Immunogold particles reactive to anti‐E‐cadherin monoclonal antibody in the electron microscopic findings were localized only in the vicinity of the desmosomes of the prickle and basal layers.In the case of gingival carcinoma, although E‐cadherin was strongly expressed in the cells surrounding the keratinized region in the cancer nests, the expression decreased towards the marginal portion of the cancer nests. The distribution of E‐cadherin in these cells may be dependent on the condition of the cancer cells that are potentially invasive.These findings suggest that cells of the parakeratinized layer of gingiva and cells of the marginal portion of the gingival carcinoma nests may easily detach or invade. In addition, the findings suggest that the gingival carcinoma used in this study tended to be invasive.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of bone and soft tissue: Histological subclassification and clinicopathologic correlations
Authors: Shishikura Akihiro , Ushigome Shinichiro , Shimoda Tadakazu 
Published: December 2008

Recent reports of Ewing's sarcoma (EW) and extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EEW) support the hypothesis that these tumors are neuroectodermal in origin.Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) of bone (32 cases) and soft tissue (25 cases) includiong those previously categorized as EW in 27 cases and EEW in 15 cases were carefully studied histologically, immunocytochemically and morphometrically, focusing on tumor cell differentiation.This study attempts to subclassify these tumors on the basis of the size of tumor cells and nuclei, their variations (uniformity or diversity), arrangement of tumor cells (rosette or non‐rosette), focal differentiation to larger ganglion‐like cells, and staining intensity for neural markers.All tumors were histologically subclassified as small, medium or large cell types, three basic subtypes (rosette type, abortive rosette type, non‐rosette type) and four complementary subtypes (fibrillary type, non‐fibrillary type, angiomatoid type, ganglion cell type). Classic EW or EEW is consistent with small or medium, non‐rosette, non‐fibrillary type tumors, previously described large cell EW with large, non‐rosette, fibrillary or non‐fibrillary type tumors, and classic neuroectodermal tumor with small or medium rosette, fibrillary type tumors, according to the present subclassification.Clinicopathologic correlations with the different subtypes are discussed. Long‐term survival, more than 5 years, was seen in patients with small cell type, and those younger than 14 years of age.
Pathological studies on sarcoidosis autopsy. I. Epidemiological features of 320 cases in Japan
Authors: Iwai Kazuro , Tachibana Teruo , Takemura Tamiko , Matsui Yasuo , Kitalchi Masanori , Kawabata Yoshinori 
Published: December 2008

Three hundred and twenty autopsy cases of sarcoidosis during a 32 year period were collected from the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan, published yearly since 1958, and from a literature survey. A statistical analysis of these reviewed autopsy cases was carried out on the epidemiological features of the disease and on the causes of death.The proportion of sarcoidosis autopsy cases relative to the total autopsy cases had increased during this 32 year period. The increase of sarcoidosis autopsies during this period was chiefly due to the increase in aged females; the total number of female cases was approximately two times more than that of males. As over half of the total cases had only a pathological diagnosis and not a clinical diagnosis for sarcoidosis, the actual morbidity from sarcoidosis that was estimated from the autopsy data and corrected by autopsy rate was over five times higher than that of the clinically recognized cases.Age and sex distribution of these cases peaked in the thirties for both sexes, while another very high peak was noted in females over 50 years of age. In approximately 60% of the sarcoidosis autopsies, the cause of death related to sarcoid lesions in the heart, lung or nervous system, the majority of which involved cardiac sarcoidosis. In the remaining 40% of the cases, the cause of death was from non‐sarcoidosis diseases.
Distribution of laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin in the invasive component of breast carcinoma
Authors: Arihiro Koji , Inai Kouki , Kurihara Kanji , Takeda Shinpei , Kaneko Mayumi 
Published: December 2008

Laminin, type IV collagen and fibronectin were examined immunohistochemically in the invasive component of breast carcinomas. Laminin was expressed around the invasive carcinoma cell nests in 38 (54%) of 71 cases. Immunoreactiv‐ity for type IV collagen was observed around the invasive carcinoma cell nests or the stroma apart from carcinoma cells in 44 (80%) of 55 cases. Fibronectin was strongly expressed in the stroma only in 75 (99%) of 76 cases.The expression of laminin significantly correlated with tubular formation in the invasive carcinoma cell nests and showed a tendency to be correlative to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) of carcinoma tissue, but no correlation among laminin expression, histological type, the age of patients, tumor size and lymph node metastasis was noted. Type IV collagen and fibronectin did not correlate to any clinicopathological factors such as histological type, grade of differentiation, the age of patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER and PgR status. No concordant expression of these extracellular matrices was seen.
Primary gastric Ki‐1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A report of two cases
Authors: Mori Naoyoshi , Yatabe Yasushi , Oka Kuniyuki , Yokose Tomoyuki , Ishido Tatsuya , Kikuchi Masanori , Asai Junpei 
Published: December 2008

Two cases with primary gastric Ki‐1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma are presented. Morphologic features of both cases involved pleomorphism of the neoplastic cells, fibrosis and lymphatic infiltration. The neoplastic cells in both cases were positive for BerH2 (CD30), LCA(CD45), lysozyme and alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (α1‐AT). In additional case, the neoplastic cells were additionally positive for MAC387 and (α1,‐antichymotrypsin (α,‐ACT). The neoplastic cells in these cases were negative for L26(CD20), UCHL‐1 (CD45RO), DAKO CD3 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). According to the results of the phenotypic studies, the authors consider that the neoplastic cells have some of the features of histiocytes.Both patients at 2 and 8 years after surgery without chemotherapy are disease free. This lymphoma is well known to be frequently misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. Although rare in occurrence, recognition of this primary lymphoma in the stomach has a significant clinical implication, as the authors consider that its prognosis might be better than undifferentiated carcinoma of the stomach.
Intracellular mechanisms underlying the nicotinic enhancement of LTP in the rat dentate gyrus
Authors: Welsby Philip J. , Rowan Michael J. , Anwyl Roger 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have previously shown that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) enhanced long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the rat dentate gyrusin vitrovia activation of α7 nAChR. In the present studies, mechanisms underlying the acute and chronic nicotinic enhancement of LTP were examined. In particular, the involvement of activation of intracellular kinases was examined using selective kinase antagonists, and the effects of enhancing cholinergic function with positive allosteric modulators of the α7 nAChR and with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors were also investigated. Activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) was found to be involved in the induction of the acute nicotinic enhancement of LTP, although not control LTP. In contrast, activation of the tyrosine kinase Src, Ca2+‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, Janus kinase 2 and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase was not involved in the acute nicotinic enhancement of LTP, although Src activation was necessary for control LTP. Moreover, activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase was involved in the acute nicotinic enhancement of LTP to a much lesser extent than in control LTP. Chronic nicotine enhancement of LTP was found to be dependent on PKA, ERK and Src kinases. Acute nicotinic enhancement of LTP was occluded by chronic nicotine treatment. The positive allosteric modulator PNU‐120596 was found to strongly reduce the threshold for nicotinic enhancement of LTP, an affect mediated via the α7 nAChR as it was blocked by the selective antagonist methyllycaconitine. The AChE inhibitors tacrine and physostigmine enhanced control LTP.
A centrifugal pathway to the mouse accessory olfactory bulb from the medial amygdala conveys gender‐specific volatile pheromonal signals
Authors: Martel Kristine L. , Baum Michael J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe previously found that female mice exhibited Fos responses in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) after exposure to volatile opposite‐sex, but not same‐sex, urinary odours. This effect was eliminated by lesioning the main olfactory epithelium, raising the possibility that the AOB receives information about gender via centrifugal inputs originating in the main olfactory system instead of from the vomeronasal organ. We asked which main olfactory forebrain targets send axonal projections to the AOB, and whether these input neurons express Fos in response to opposite‐sex urinary volatiles. Female mice received bilateral injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB), into the AOB, and were exposed to either same‐ or opposite‐sex volatile urinary odours 1 week later. We found CTB‐labeled cell bodies in several forebrain sites including the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, the rostral portion of the medial amygdala (MeA) and the posteromedial cortical nucleus of the amygdala. A significant increase in the percentage of CTB/Fos co‐labeled cells was seen only in the MeA of female subjects exposed to male but not to female urinary volatiles. In Experiment 2, CTB‐injected females were later exposed to volatile odours from male mouse urine, food, or cat urine. Again, a significant increase in the percentage of CTB/Fos co‐labeled cells was seen in the MeA of females exposed to male mouse urinary volatiles but not to food or predator odours. Main olfactory–MeA–AOB signaling may motivate approach behaviour to opposite‐sex pheromonal signals that ensure successful reproduction.
Archaeal diversity and a gene for ammonia oxidation are coupled to oceanic circulation
Authors: Galand Pierre E. , Lovejoy Connie , Hamilton Andrew K. , Ingram R. Grant , Pedneault Estelle , Carmack Eddy C. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryEvidence of microbial zonation in the open ocean is rapidly accumulating, but while the distribution of communities is often described according to depth, the other physical factors structuring microbial diversity and function remain poorly understood. Here we identify three different water masses in the North Water (eastern Canadian Arctic), defined by distinct temperature and salinity characteristics, and show that they contained distinct archaeal communities. Moreover, we found that one of the water masses contained an increased abundance of the archaeal alpha‐subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) and accounted for 70% of the amoA gene detected overall. This indicates likely differences in putative biogeochemical capacities among different water masses. The ensemble of our results strongly suggest that the widely accepted view of depth stratification did not explain microbial diversity, but rather that parent water masses provide the framework for predicting communities and potential microbial function in an Arctic marine system. Our results emphasize that microbial distributions are strongly influenced by oceanic circulation, implying that shifting currents and water mass boundaries resulting from climate change may well impact patterns of microbial diversity by displacing whole biomes from their historic distributions. This relocation could have the potential to establish a substantially different geography of microbial‐driven biogeochemical processes and associated oceanic production.
A genomic island of the sulfate‐reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough promotes survival under stress conditions while decreasing the efficiency of anaerobic growth
Authors: Johnston Shawna , Lin Shiping , Lee Phoebe , Caffrey Sean M. , Wildschut Janine , Voordouw Johanna K. , Da Silva Sofia M. , Pereira Ines A. C. , Voordouw Gerrit 
Published: December 2008

SummaryA 47 kb genomic island (GEI) bracketed by 50 bp direct repeats, containing 52 annotated genes, was found to delete spontaneously from the genome of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough. The island contains genes for site‐specific recombinases and transposases, rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase‐1 (Roo1) and hybrid cluster protein‐1 (Hcp1), which promote survival in air and nitrite stress. The numbering distinguishes these from the Roo2 and Hcp2 homologues for which the genes are located elsewhere in the genome. Cells with and without the island (GEI+ and GEI‐ cells respectively) were obtained by colony purification. GEI‐ cells arise in anaerobic cultures of colony‐purified GEI+ cells, indicating that the site‐specific recombinases encoded by the island actively delete this region. GEI+ cells survive better in microaerophilic conditions due to the presence of Roo1, whereas the Hcps appear to prevent inhibition by sulfur and polysulfide, which are formed by chemical reaction of sulfide and nitrite. Hence, the island confers resistance to oxygen and nitrite stress. However, GEI‐ cells have a higher growth rate in anaerobic media. Microarrays and enzyme activity stains indicated that the GEI‐ cells have increased expression of genes, which promote anaerobic energy conservation, explaining the higher growth rate. Hence, while lowering the efficiency of anaerobic metabolism, the GEI increases the fitness of D. vulgaris under stress conditions, a feature reminiscent of pathogenicity islands which allow more effective colonization of environments provided by the targeted hosts.
Hiradenitis suppurativa presenting as a polypoidal lesion at the anal verge
Authors: Seneviratne S. A. , Samarasekera D. N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease characterized by painful recurrent abscesses, fistulas and scarring lesions in axilla, groin, perineum and rarely mass lesions at the affected site. Here we present a case of hidradenitis suppurativa that presented as a polypoidal growth at the anal verge.