bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between analytic values and canine obesity
Authors: Peña C. , Suárez L. , Bautista I. , Montoya J. A. , Juste M. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between canine body condition and metabolic parameters like serum lipids, blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. We selected 127 dogs (42 males and 85 females) that were taken to our veterinary medicine service during routine visits. The mean age was 6.67 ± 5.24 years. Body condition (BC) was measured by Laflamme scale and dogs were considered as obese when BC score was over 6. The following variables were collected: total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, basal glucose and ALT. 66.1% of the dog cohort were obese. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were found to be higher (p < 0.05) in obese dogs with respect to normal weight dogs. In conclusion, obesity in dogs is associated with higher serum lipid levels.
COLOUR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISODOSE DOCUMENTATION AS A TRAINING PROCEDURE AND METHOD OF INTER‐DEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: MOWATT KEITH S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis paper was presented in the hope that our colleagues would give consideration to the adoption of some such method for interstate communication when patients are transferred from centre to centre. Subsequently a considerable amount of interest has been expressed by various departments, and it is felt that the most valuable contribution in terms of colour presentation would be to indicate some typical isodose diagrams that occur in our practice.A colour code is suggested. In general practice we utilize green and blue for the colder levels of dosage, orange and red for the more adequate dosage and cross‐hatched areas for high level of dosage.
AN OXYGEN BAROTHERAPY APPARATUS FOR USE WITH THE 4MeV ACCELERATOR*
Authors: van den BRENK H. A. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA barotherapy apparatus manufactured by the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation Pty. Ltd. for the Peter MacCallum Clinic, Melbourne has been described. It is designed to operate at pressures of 60 psi oxygen (or less) in conjunction with a 4MeV Linear Accelerator (Metropolitan Vickers). The apparatus provides the means of obtaining a uniformity in dosi‐metry of tumours to be treated comparable with conventional techniques. It provides simple and accurate planning and positioning of patients before treatment, also comparable to the conventional methods in use. Multifield treatments can be given without decompression and recompression of the patient. The occupation time in the accelerator room has been cut to a minimum and does not impose restrictions on the use of the accelerator for routine purposes.
Renal Medullary Necrosis
Authors: Ross Paul 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYChronic medullary necrosis is a variant of chronic pyelonephritis. Many cases are associated with phenacetin abuse and some with diabetes. Obstruction is uncommon.It is seen mainly in middle‐aged females.The lesion is an ischaeniic infarct and as this distinctive, with formation of a ring shadow and later a cavity.Most papillae of both kidneys ar usually involved. Concretions are frequent.Most kidneys shrink and dye excretion 0n intravenous urography is diminished, both due to pyelonephritis.The clinical features are mainly those of urinary tract infection and tend to parallel the urographic findings.The disease tends to have a cyclic course with remissions but usually deterioration occurs.Treatment is directed to any predisposing factors and to eliminating infection.
The Costeilo Memorial Lecture, 1966*
Authors: Begg A. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe life and work of Desmond Costello are surveyed briefly.Attention is drawn to two valuable contributions to diagnostic radiology. One, the Valsalva experiment, is old; the other, neuroleptanalgesia, is new.The history of the Valsalva, its radiological applications, and its particular importance in the examination of the arterial and venous systems are discussed. Some observations concerning the physiological and anatomical mechanisms of this phenomenon are illustrated.The pharmacological basis of neuroleptanalgesia is discussed and a well‐tried and successful regime for its administration is presented. In use it has proved to be consistently safe and of great benefit to both the patient and the radiologist. Trying and painful procedures, such as encephalography, cause little upset and no unpleasant after‐effects. The patient remains conscious yet feels no pain, and can cooperate fully with the radiologist throughout the examination.
The “Distorted Spoke” Sign of Malignant Gastric Ulceration
Authors: Kalokerinos James 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA new term, “the distorted spoke sign”, is used to describe the mucosal folds of malignant gastric ulceration. The ends of the gastric folds near the edge of a malignant gastric ulcer may show one or more of the following appearances: sudden cut‐off, sudden tapering, swelling, erosion of one edge, or erosion of both edges.
Anteversion of the Femoral Neck
Authors: Gibson R. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

A simple method of measuring the angle of anteversion and the true angle of inclination of the neck of the femur is described.
The results obtained are comparable with those previously reported in the literature and have an accuracy of ±8°.
The prime indication of this examination is to assess anteversion prior to and after rotational osteotomy in cases of congenital dislocation of the hip or in children with a pigeon‐toed gait.
The results of a short series of cases are presented and the significance of the findings briefly discussed. The value of an anteroposterior film of the hips in strict neutral rotation as a screening test for increased anteversion is emphasized.
Shielding Requirements of Diagnostic X‐Ray Rooms in New Zealand Hospitals
Authors: McEwan A. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe thicknesses of secondary radiation lead protective barriers required in X‐ray rooms in New Zealand hospitals have been assessed from doses recorded by monitoring films placed on the walls of these rooms. Primary radiation barrier thicknesses have been determined from an evaluation of the total weekly skin doses delivered to patients. The thicknesses assessed have been compared in each case with the values derived from I.C.R.P. tables, and reasons for the differences in these thicknesses have been discussed. Secondary radiation doses recorded in different X‐ray rooms have been compared and related to the total skin dose to patients and the room work loads. The barrier thicknesses for secondary radiation derived from the I.C.R.P. table are shown to be greater than those actually required, the difference in thickness being more than 0.8 mm. Pb for a dose reduction below 10 mR/week. A method of determining secondary radiation barriers has been suggested, based on the doses recorded by films and a knowledge of room work loads.
Thermoluminescence: A Simple Clinical Dosimeter
Authors: Burch W. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe minimum specifications applicable to an “ideal” dosimetry system are outlined briefly and an intercomparison of present dosimetry systems is tabulated. The phenomenon of thermoluminescence and its application to dosimetry are sketched prior to some discussion of various thermoluminescence materials and observational techniques. LiF, the phosphor most applicable to clinical dosimetry, is discussed fully. It is shown that a system based on LiF will exhibit little dependence on energy, and monitor doses in the range 10_2‐105 rad with an overall precision better than 5%. Present research and development of the dosimetry method is outlined.
The Investigation of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage by Selective Transfemoral Arteriography
Authors: Hare W. S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPercutaneous transfemoral catheterization with selective carotid and vertebral angiography was employed in the investigation of 100 consecutive patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. The method, which is described in detail, has many advantages and is considered the technique of choice in patients under 60 years of age. The carotid and vertebral systems are studied at the one examination with minimal discomfort to the patient. Haematomata in the neck are avoided and cross‐compression tests are performed with ease. In addition, renal arteriography, often significant because of the frequency of hypertension, may be performed at the same time. Of the 63 patients who were less than 50 years of age, it was possible to selectively catheterize both carotid arteries and obtain satisfactory vertebral angiograms in all but five cases. Over 50 years, because of arterial degeneration, the frequency with which it was necessary to supplement the method with other techniques increased.
The Limits of Detecting Abnormalities with Scanning
Authors: Pope R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA theoretical comparison is made between two different criteria of statistical significance for detecting abnormalities in a scan. Criterion I utilizes as much of the available information content as possible, while Criterion II is applicable to visual reading of a photoscan or colour‐scan. The limits of detecting abnormalities with Criterion II is theoretically inferior to that with Criterion I.Using theoretical estimates of contrast for various sized abnormalities, the concentration ratio of 99mTcO4 in cerebral lesions is estimated from a number of scans. The mean concentration ratio was 6‐5, assuming a log‐normal distribution.
Variations in 99mTc Brain Scans Reported as Normal
Authors: Andrews J. T. , Pope R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe average number of brain scans performed in this unit per month is 50. Of these 7H% are reported as normal.A survey has been made of a series of adult Technetium‐99m brain scans reported as normal. An attempt lias been made to assess the variations in the normal pattern.The effect of potassium perchlorate in blocking the uptake of 99mTc by the thyroid gland and choroid plexus is evaluated.
The Routine Use of Echography in an X‐Ray Department as an Adjunct to Routine Skull Radiology
Authors: Stranger Jan H. , O'Dell D. A. , Robinson D. E. , Kossoff George 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEcho‐eneephalography has proved a valuable and entirely harmless procedure in the routine examination of head cases. The development of a sophisticated instrument, cheap, and easily used, should herald its widespread acceptance.
Hodgkin's Disease of the Oesophagus
Authors: Hambly Colin K. , Blundell James E. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: In this case the oesophageal involvement probably arose from the lymph nodes at the lower end of the oesophagus and cardia.SummaryHodgkin's disease of the oesophagus is extremely rare. The literature has been reviewed, three further cases are reported, and their clinical manifestations compared.
Intussusception in the Adult
Authors: Harrington J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA case of adult intussusception with preoperative radiological diagnosis is presented. The lack of similarity of this condition to the infantile type of intussusception is discussed. The indication for surgery is the significant incidence of malignancy and associated neoplasms.Adult intussusception is an elusive cause of recurrent colicky abdominal pain.
The Value of Radiology in Teaching Anatomy to Medical Students*
Authors: Bennett Robert 
Published: March 2008

SummaryMedical education discussions are currently very popular, and one aspect being closely scrutinized is the teaching of anatomy. The role that radiology has to play has been stressed by the Faculty of Radiologists and others.Over the last three years radiological anatomy has been taught in the second and third years at Melbourne University, closing the gap between medical physics in first year and radiology in the clinical years of the medical course. Wherever possible, the radiographs are chosen not only for the topographical content, but to include examples of applied anatomy. The students are encouraged to think, make deductions from their observations, and to anticipate the clinical situation. The experience has been encouraging, and one looks forward to future developments in teaching the undergraduate through radiology with enthusiasm. The physical facilities for accomplishing this at Melbourne University will be tremendously improved when the Anatomy School moves into a new building early next year.
The Radiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Brandt P. W. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA consideration of the radiological contribution to the diagnosis and management of the three common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease is presented.The infant with tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect is usually studied before palliative surgery is undertaken. The site of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow and the presence of suitable pulmonary arteries to receive an anastomosis must be established. In the older patient presenting for repair detailed assessment of the intracardiac anatomy as well as the sites of obstruction and routes of filling of the pulmonary arteries is desiiable. Some variations of the anatomy of ventricular septal defect in tetralogy of Fallot are described.Following a brief consideration of the relationship of straightforward transposition of the great vessels to the normal state and to the partial transposition complexes, the radiological assessment of the neonatal infant with transposition is presented. The diagnosis of transposition, the state of the interventricular septum, and the state of the ductus arteriosus must be established and sometimes pulmonary stenosis excluded to assist in the selection of the most suitable palliation. Before correction, a complete anatomical assessment of intracardiac anatomy, including detail of the outflow tracts, is necessary.
Congenital Arteriovenous Angioma Confined to a Single Extremity
Authors: Matousek V. , Allen P. W. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryClinical and radiological manifestations of arteriovenous aneurysm confined to a single limb have been discussed, and literature dealing with the subject has been reviewed. A case of arteriovenous aneurysm of the left thigh has been presented.
Positive Contrast Arthrography in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of rheumatoid arthritis have been presented where arthrography has been used to outline the synovial cavities.The following points were noted:

The fluid aspirated from the joint was turbid or yellow.
Smooth nodular filling defects arose from the synovial lining.
The synovial membrane is thickened.
The joint cavities are enlarged and abnormal communications were present.
The enlarged synovial cavity is insensitive to the contrast medium used (Hypaque 50%).
Distension of the enlarged synovial cavity did not produce discomfort.
Loose body formation was noted during the injection phase, when carried out with image intensification control. This feature has not been previously discussed.
The extent of the lesion was demonstrated prior to surgical resection in one case.

These arthrographic features in the future may help in the differential diagnosis of some of the more difficult arthritic cases. Further investigation will be necessary along these lines. To date six cases with rheumatoid arthritis have been investigated by arthrography.
The Moon‐Shaped Fundal Defect of Hiatus Hernia: A New Radiological Sign
Authors: Kalokekinos James 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA new radiological sign of diaphragmatic hernia is described. This consists of a moon‐shaped defect in the gastric fundus immediately to the left of the cardio‐oesophageal opening. It is seen with a small volume of barium, 25 ml., in the supine position. Normal barium meal volumes do not usually reveal the defect. When the hernia is produced the defect is usually not seen. The mechanism of production seems to be that prior to actual herniation, that portion of the fundus which is to herniate becomes positioned between diaphragm and remaining fundus. Nine cases are reported.
Thyroid Depression Following Splenic Irradiation in Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Logan J. W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIrradiation of lymphomatous tissue may be followed by inactivation of TSH leading to depressed thyroid uptake tests. Three patients with malignant lymphomas with enlarged spleens were given radioactive iodine thyroid uptake tests before and during splenic irradiation. A significant depression of their thyroid uptakes was observed. Two patients with a myeloproliferative form of polycythaemia were given irradiation to enlarged spleens without significant depression of their thyroid uptakes.It was concluded that radiotherapy caused breakdown of lymphomatous tissue in the spleens, leading to increased inactivation of TSH. A similar depression of thyroid uptakes was reported previously following irradiation of peripheral lymphadenopathy.In contrast, epigastric irradiation in lymphoma patients elevated their thyroid uptakes, in some cases to above‐average levels. It is suggested that a separate direct effect of radiation on the autonomic nervous system was able to cancel out the anti‐TSH effect of breaking down lymphomas. Evidence for an effect on the autonomic nervous system was shown by a decrease in night sweats and antidepressant trends in patients having neck irradiation. Two patients with lymphomas and depressive psychosis had sustained remissions of their mental symptoms following irradiation to the lower neck.
Gastro‐Camera and Barium Studies of the Normal Convergence of Folds in the Gastric Fundus and the Features Distinguishing This from Ulceration
Authors: Kalokerinos James 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn‐vivo photographic and X‐ray evidence is produced to show that the mucosal folds in the gastric fundus converge to an area to the left of and slightly below the cardio‐oesophageal opening. The various features distinguishing this from pathological convergence of folds are listed.
Further Observations on the Radiology of Intra‐Uterine Foetal Blood Transfusions
Authors: Stewart J. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTechniques for localizing the foetal peritoneum, inserting a needle and through it a catheter, and finally confirming the correct placement of the catheter have been described and discussed. The need for keeping the radiation dosage to mother and foetus as low as possible and the importance of beam restriction in this regard have been stressed. Very small foetuses present special problems, but size alone is no contra‐indication for treatment.
Multifocal Paget's Sarcoma of Bone with Sclerosis
Authors: Syme James 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPaget's disease of bone is common in Australia, and sarcoma at a single site, usually radio‐logically osteolytic, is a well recognized, though infrequent complication, occurring especially in polyostotic or long‐standing cases. It is less common, and so less well‐known, for multiple foci of sarcoma to appear in parts of the skeleton affected by osteitis deformans, or for the neoplasm to be radiologically osteosclerotic. A case is reported showing both of these unusual features. A plea is made for the use of the alternative term “multifocal”, where there is reasonable doubt whether multiple sarcomatous lesions are of multicentric or of metastatic origin. Other points of radiological interest from the literature are briefly reviewed.
Surgery of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Westlake George W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCongenital deformities of the coronary arteries provide fascinating cases for study by physicians, radiologists and surgeons. The results can be quite dramatic following successful treatment and in the older children this is usually the case. However, in the neonate problems remain incompletely solved.The place of surgical treatment of acquired coronary artery disease is still being denned. Probably in the future more internal mammary artery implants will be performed, a few direct operations on high blocks in the right coronary tree may be successful and possibly more cardiac transplants will be performed for the very extensively diseased coronary arteries.
Oesophageal Reflux–Normal or Pathological?*
Authors: Johnson A. Chandrahasan , Johnson MRS. Satyabama 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe incidence of hiatus hernia with or without reflux appears to be very high. This condition is associated with upper gastro‐intestinal disorders which might be the symptom complex of imbalance in the autonomic nervous system. During the hypervagal state, the longitudinal fibres of the oesophagus contract and cause hiatal disorder or hiatus hernia and may upset the one‐way mechanism at the cardia. When the balance between the vagus and the sympathetic system is restored, the patient's symptoms disappear. There may be remissions and exacerbations. A series of normal subjects were able to demonstrate their ability to regurgitate at will and to produce a hiatus hernia at will. Cineradiological studies combined with oesophageal pressure studies have shown that any person can train himself or herself to do this. This raises a big question in the line of treatment, especially that of hiatal disorder.The question still remains to be answered whether a person who has a hiatus hernia and involuntary reflux can be trained to reduce the hernia and prevent the reflux, and whether voluntary inhibition of the vagus will also serve to reduce the gastric motility and secretion.
Distribution of Radio‐opaque Dye during Phlebography of the Lower Limb
Authors: Halliday P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY

Ascending phlebography by distal injections fails to show the source of recurrent varices in the thigh if the femoral vein is normal.
Direct injection into varices in such patients provided effective demonstration of the source of the varices.
The distribution of radio‐opaque dye after distal injections has been studied in 270 sets of films.
When the femoral vein was normal, the long saphenous vein was not seen in 43% of the films.
When thrombosis of the femoral vein had occurred, the dilated long saphenous vein was seen to be acting as an inert by‐pass to tin‐thrombosis in 48% of the films.
Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament in the Cervical Spine
Authors: Breidahl Peter 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOssification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine may be asymptomatic, or may cause local symptoms or symptoms of cord compression (Fujimoto and Terayama, 1969). Myelography may reveal a narrowed spinal canal (Onji et al., 1967). It has a typical radiological appearance and until recently has been described only in Japanese individuals.
Carcinoma of the Oesophagus*
Authors: Bateson Eric M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTwo radiological series of carcinoma of the oesophagus from Kingston, Jamaica, and Perth, Western Australia, are compared.The populations of these two cities show marked differences in race, alcohol consumption and diet, all factors which are thought to play a part in the causation of carcinoma of the oesophagus. In spite of these differences the age distribution, sex ratio, anatomical distribution and extent of involvement of the oesophagus by this tumour showed marked similarity in these two radiological series.This suggests that the behaviour of carcinoma of the oesophagus is not modified by differences in race or environment in Jamaica and Western Australia.