bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate assumptions and effect of model parameters in path analysis in oat crop
Authors: Sgarbossa Jaqueline , Lúcio Alessandro Dal’Cól , da Silva José Antonio Gonzalez , Caron Braulio Otomar , Diel Maria Inês , Olivoto Tiago , Nardini Claiton , Alessi Odenis , Lambrecht Darlei Michalski 
Published: March 2024

Context Path analysis (PA) is a widely used multivariate statistical technique. When performing PA, the effects of the parameters of the mathematical model relating to the experimental design are disregarded, working only with the average effects of the treatments. Aims We aimed to analyse the implications of statistical assumptions, and of removing mathematical model parameters, on the PA results in oat. Methods A field study was conducted in southern Brazil in five crop years. The experimental design employed was a two-factor 22 × 5 randomised complete block design, characterised by 22 cultivars and five fungicide applications, with three repetitions. Six explanatory variables were measured, panicle length, panicle dry mass, panicle spikelet number, panicle grain number, panicle grain dry mass, and harvest index, and the primary variable yield. Initially, normality and multicollinearity diagnoses were carried out and correlation coefficients were calculated. The PA was performed in three ways: traditional, with measures to address multicollinearity (ridge), and traditional with eliminating variables. Key results and conclusions The occurrence of multicollinearity resulted in obtaining path coefficients without biological application. Removing the model’s parameters modifies the path coefficients, with average changes of 10.5% and 13.3% in the direction, and 24.7% and 23.0% in the magnitude, of the direct and indirect effects, respectively. Implications This new approach makes it possible to remove the influences of treatments and experimental design from observations and, consequently, from path coefficients and their interpretations. Therefore, the researcher will reduce possible bias in the coefficient estimates, highlighting the real relationship between the variables, and making the results and interpretations more reliable.
Canadian banknotes to explore the phenomenon of diffraction
Authors: Bonnet Isabelle , Gabelli Julien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gratings and their well-known diffraction patterns are the basis of spectrometers to characterize light sources. Reciprocally, periodic peaks in the diffraction pattern of x-rays scattered by solids bring valuable information about the internal geometry of the crystal lattice, providing details about the arrangement of atoms in the solid. In both cases, periodic gratings are considered. What about non-periodic gratings? Is it possible to reconstruct any grating structure knowing its diffraction pattern? We answer this question by studying diffraction through the hologram hidden in a Canadian banknote. We measure the diffraction of near-infrared light to numerically reconstruct the grating structure using the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm. We then compare this reconstructed grating structure with the picture of the grating structure observed with a phase-contrast microscope. Such an approach allows us to study diffraction from a perspective different from that usually taught at university.
Efficient broadband sound absorption exploiting rainbow labyrinthine metamaterials
Authors: Nistri F , Kamrul V H , Bettini L , Musso E , Piciucco D , Zemello M , Gliozzi A S , Krushynska A O , Pugno N , Sangiuliano L , Shtrepi L , Bosia F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate in a proof of concept experiment the efficient noise absorption of a 3D printed panel designed with appropriately arranged space-coiling labyrinthine acoustic elementary cells of various sizes. The labyrinthine unit cells are analytically and numerically analysed to determine their absorption characteristics and then fabricated and experimentally tested in an impedance tube to verify the dependence of absorption characteristics on cell thickness and lateral size. The resonance frequency of the unit cell is seen to scale approximately linearly with respect to both thickness and lateral size in the considered range, enabling easy tunability of the working frequency. Using these data, a flat panel is designed and fabricated by arranging cells of different dimensions in a quasi-periodic lattice, exploiting the acoustic ‘rainbow’ effect, i.e. superimposing the frequency response of the different cells to generate a wider absorption spectrum, covering the target frequency range, chosen between 800 and 1400 Hz. The panel is thinner and more lightweight compared to traditional sound absorbing solutions and designed in modular form, so as to be applicable to different geometries. The performance of the panel is experimentally validated in a small-scale reverberation room, and an absorption close to ideal values is demonstrated at the desired frequencies of operation. Thus, this work suggests a design procedure for noise-mitigation panel solutions and provides experimental proof of the versatility and effectiveness of labyrinthine metamaterials for tunable mid- to low-frequency sound attenuation.
Terahertz structured deep-subwavelength plasmonic grating metasurface for manipulating polarization-dependent coupling response
Authors: Wang Yi-Ming , Fan Fei , Zhao Hui-Jun , Li Shan-Shan , Xu Shi-Tong , Ji Yun-Yun , Cheng Jie-Rong , Chang Sheng-Jiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The complex electromagnetic anisotropy of terahertz (THz) metasurfaces with geometric symmetry breaking has attracted extensive attention. Typical effects arise from the coupling of polarization responses in orthogonal directions of various components of the metasurface structure, such as the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect. However, it is a challenge to precisely control or perfectly avoid the polarization-dependent coupling responses. In this work, deep-subwavelength plasmonic gratings (PGs) with a fine wire width of 1 μm at the order of deep subwavelengths of 1/100 THz wave are fabricated by electron beam lithography, and these wire gratings are graphically designed as a C-shaped metasurface pattern with a period of 100 μm in sub-wavelength scale. The complete anisotropic response in the single-oriented PG metasurface is demonstrated by both simulation and experiments, where the polarization-dependent coupling effect is eliminated. More interestingly, the hybrid-oriented PG metasurface exhibits narrowband and wideband EIT effects in the x and y polarization directions with the maximum polarization extinction ratio of 20 dB, respectively, indicating this mechanism can realize more flexible manipulation of polarization-dependent coupling. This patterned deep-subwavelength PG provides a new structure and mechanism for excitation, regulation, and restriction of polarization-dependent mode coupling, and has important applications in THz spectroscopic detection, polarization imaging, and wireless communication.
Interfacial magnon-mediated superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Brekke Bjørnulf , Sudbø Asle , Brataas Arne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The interfacial coupling between electrons and magnons in adjacent layers can mediate an attractive electron–electron interaction and induce superconductivity. We consider magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene sandwiched between two ferromagnetic insulators to optimize this effect. As a result, magnons induce an interlayer superconducting state characterized by p-wave symmetry. We investigate two candidate ferromagnets. The van der Waals ferromagnet CrI3 stands out because it allows compression to tune the superconducting state with an exponential sensitivity. This control adds a new dimension to the tunability of twisted bilayer graphene. Our results open a new path for exploring magnon-induced superconductivity.
Effects of band gap on the magic-angle of twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Yu Guodong , Feng Lanting 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Band flattening has been observed in various materials with twisted bilayer structures, such as graphene, MoS2, and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). However, the unique phenomenon of magic-angle has only been reported in the twisted bilayer graphene (tBG) and not in the twisted bilayer semiconductors or insulators. We aim to investigate the impact of gap opening and interlayer coupling strength on the magic-angle in the tBG. Our results based on the continuum model Hamiltonian with mass term indicate that the presence of a band gap hinders the occurrence of the magic-angle, but strengthening the interlayer coupling tends to restore it. By introducing layer asymmetry, such as interlayer bias or mass difference between layers, the flat bands become more dispersive. Furthermore, we have explored the influence of the Moiré’s potential due to the hBN substrate by calculating the quasi-band-structure of the hetero-structure tBG/hBN. Our findings indicate that the conclusions drawn from using the mass term remain valid despite the presence of the Moiré’s potential due to the hBN substrate.
Hybrid rogue waves and breather solutions on the double-periodic background for the Kundu-DNLS equation
Authors: Jiang DongZhu , Zhaqilao  
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, by using the Darboux transformation (DT) method and the Taylor expansion method, a new nth-order determinant of the hybrid rogue waves and breathers solution on the double-periodic background of the Kundu-DNLS equation is constructed when n is even. Breathers and rogue waves can be obtained from this determinant, respectively. Further to this, the hybrid rogue waves and breathers solutions on the different periodic backgrounds are given explicitly, including the single-periodic background, the double-periodic background and the plane wave background by selecting different parameters. In addition, the form of the obtained solutions is summarized.
Development of a method for the simultaneous determination of ionic nutrients in hydroponic solutions using cation-/anion-exchange chromatography with a neutral eluent
Authors: Mitsui Yuta , Hashigami Atsushi , Ando Ryosuke , Uga Yuki , Fujiwara Taku , Sago Yuki , Suzuki Takahiro , Kozaki Daisuke 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Nutrient availability in hydroponic solutions must be accurately monitored to maintain crop productivity; however, few cost-effective, accurate, real-time, and long-term monitoring technologies have been developed. In this study, we describe the development and application of cation-/anion-exchange chromatography with a neutral eluent (20-mmol/L sodium formate, pH 7.87) for the simultaneous separation (within 50 min) of ionic nutrients, including K+, NH4+, NO2−, NO3−, and phosphate ion, in a hydroponic fertilizer solution. Using the neutral eluent avoided degradation of the separation column during precipitation of metal ion species, such as hydroxides, with an alkaline eluent and oxidation of NO2− to NO3− with an acidic eluent. The suitability of the current method for monitoring ionic components in a hydroponic fertilizer solution was confirmed. Based on our data, we propose a controlled fertilizer strategy to optimize fertilizer consumption and reduce the chemical load of drained fertilizer solutions.
HIResist: a database of HIV-1 resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Misra Milind , Jeffy Jeffy , Liao Charis , Pickthorn Stephanie , Wagh Kshitij , Herschhorn Alon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Changing the course of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) pandemic is a high public health priority with approximately 39 million people currently living with HIV-1 (PLWH) and about 1.5 million new infections annually worldwide. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) typically target highly conserved sites on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs), which mediate viral entry, and block the infection of diverse HIV-1 strains. But different mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to bnAbs prevent robust application of bnAbs for therapeutic and preventive interventions.

Results
Here we report the development of a new database that provides data and computational tools to aid the discovery of resistant features and may assist in analysis of HIV-1 resistance to bnAbs. Bioinformatic tools allow identification of specific patterns in Env sequences of resistant strains and development of strategies to elucidate the mechanisms of HIV-1 escape; comparison of resistant and sensitive HIV-1 strains for each bnAb; identification of resistance and sensitivity signatures associated with specific bnAbs or groups of bnAbs; and visualization of antibody pairs on cross-sensitivity plots. The database has been designed with a particular focus on user-friendly and interactive interface. Our database is a valuable resource for the scientific community and provides opportunities to investigate patterns of HIV-1 resistance and to develop new approaches aimed to overcome HIV-1 resistance to bnAbs.

Availability and implementation
HIResist is freely available at https://hiresist.ahc.umn.edu/
MARS: a motif-based autoregressive model for retrosynthesis prediction
Authors: Liu Jiahan , Yan Chaochao , Yu Yang , Lu Chan , Huang Junzhou , Ou-Yang Le , Zhao Peilin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Retrosynthesis is a critical task in drug discovery, aimed at finding a viable pathway for synthesizing a given target molecule. Many existing approaches frame this task as a graph-generating problem. Specifically, these methods first identify the reaction center, and break a targeted molecule accordingly to generate the synthons. Reactants are generated by either adding atoms sequentially to synthon graphs or by directly adding appropriate leaving groups. However, both of these strategies have limitations. Adding atoms results in a long prediction sequence that increases the complexity of generation, while adding leaving groups only considers those in the training set, which leads to poor generalization.

Results
In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end graph generation model for retrosynthesis prediction, which sequentially identifies the reaction center, generates the synthons, and adds motifs to the synthons to generate reactants. Given that chemically meaningful motifs fall between the size of atoms and leaving groups, our model achieves lower prediction complexity than adding atoms and demonstrates superior performance than adding leaving groups. We evaluate our proposed model on a benchmark dataset and show that it significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art models. Furthermore, we conduct ablation studies to investigate the contribution of each component of our proposed model to the overall performance on benchmark datasets. Experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in predicting retrosynthesis pathways and suggest its potential as a valuable tool in drug discovery.

Availability and implementation
All code and data are available at https://github.com/szu-ljh2020/MARS.
Benefits do not balance costs of biological invasions
Authors: Carneiro Laís , Hulme Philip E , Cuthbert Ross N , Kourantidou Melina , Bang Alok , Haubrock Phillip J , Bradshaw Corey J A , Balzani Paride , Bacher Sven , Latombe Guillaume , Bodey Thomas W , Probert Anna F , Quilodrán Claudio S , Courchamp Franck 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Biological invasions have profound impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services, resulting in substantial economic and health costs estimated in the trillions of dollars. Preventing and managing biological invasions are vital for sustainable development, aligning with the goals of the United Nations Biodiversity Conference. However, some invasive species also offer occasional benefits, leading to divergent perceptions among stakeholders and sectors. Claims that invasion science overlooks positive contributions threaten to hinder proper impact assessment and undermine management. Quantitatively balancing benefits and costs is misleading, because they coexist without offsetting each other. Any benefits also come at a price, affecting communities and regions differently over time. An integrated approach considering both costs and benefits is necessary for understanding and effective management of biological invasions.
Disclosing non-visible disabilities in educational workplaces: a scoping review
Authors: Hassard Juliet , Yildrim Mehmet , Thomson Louise , Blake Holly 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductiona sizable proportion of the working population has a disability that is not visible. Many choose not to disclose this at work, particularly in educational workplaces where disability is underrepresented. A better understanding of the barriers and facilitators to disclosure is needed.Sources of datathis scoping review is based on studies published in scientific journals.Areas of agreementthe reasons underpinning disclosure are complex and emotive-in-nature. Both individual and socio-environmental factors influence this decision and process. Stigma and perceived discrimination are key barriers to disclosure and, conversely, personal agency a key enabler.Areas of controversythere is a growing trend of non-visible disabilities within the workplace, largely because of the increasing prevalence of mental ill health. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to disability disclosure is key to the provision of appropriate workplace support.Growing pointsour review shows that both individual and socio-environmental factors influence choice and experience of disclosure of non-visible disabilities in educational workplaces. Ongoing stigma and ableism in the workplace, in particular, strongly influence disabled employees’ decision to disclose (or not), to whom, how and when.Areas timely for developing researchdeveloping workplace interventions that can support employees with non-visible disabilities and key stakeholders during and beyond reasonable adjustments is imperative.
Enhancement of low gamma oscillations by volitional conditioning of local field potential in the primary motor and visual cortex of mice
Authors: Shi Chennan , Zhang Chenyu , Chen Jiang-Fan , Yao Zhimo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Volitional control of local field potential oscillations in low gamma band via brain machine interface can not only uncover the relationship between low gamma oscillation and neural synchrony but also suggest a therapeutic potential to reverse abnormal local field potential oscillation in neurocognitive disorders. In nonhuman primates, the volitional control of low gamma oscillations has been demonstrated by brain machine interface techniques in the primary motor and visual cortex. However, it is not clear whether this holds in other brain regions and other species, for which gamma rhythms might involve in highly different neural processes. Here, we established a closed-loop brain–machine interface and succeeded in training mice to volitionally elevate low gamma power of local field potential in the primary motor and visual cortex. We found that the mice accomplished the task in a goal-directed manner and spiking activity exhibited phase-locking to the oscillation in local field potential in both areas. Moreover, long-term training made the power enhancement specific to direct and adjacent channel, and increased the transcriptional levels of NMDA receptors as well as that of hypoxia-inducible factor relevant to metabolism. Our results suggest that volitionally generated low gamma rhythms in different brain regions share similar mechanisms and pave the way for employing brain machine interface in therapy of neurocognitive disorders.
Sex-specific and polygenic effects underlying resting heart rate and associated risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Nordeidet Ada N , Klevjer Marie , Øvretveit Karsten , Madssen Erik , Wisløff Ulrik , Brumpton Ben M , Bye Anja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. This study aimed to identify genetic loci associated with RHR, develop a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for RHR, and assess associations between the RHR PRS and CVD outcomes, to better understand the biological mechanisms linking RHR to disease. Sex-specific analyses were conducted to potentially elucidate different pathways between the sexes.

Methods and results
We performed a genome-wide meta-analysis of RHR (n = 550 467) using two independent study populations, The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and the UK Biobank (UKB), comprising 69 155 and 481 312 participants, respectively. We also developed a genome-wide PRS for RHR using UKB and tested for association between the PRS and 13 disease outcomes in HUNT. We identified 403, 253, and 167 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with RHR in the total population, women, and men, respectively. The sex-specified analyses indicated differences in the genetic contribution to RHR and revealed loci significantly associated with RHR in only one of the sexes. The SNPs were mapped to genes enriched in heart tissue and cardiac conduction pathways, as well as disease-pathways, including dilated cardiomyopathy. The PRS for RHR was associated with increased risk of hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy, and decreased risk of atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion
Our findings provide insight into the pleiotropic effects of the RHR variants, contributing towards an improved understanding of mechanisms linking RHR and disease. In addition, the sex-specific results might contribute to a more refined understanding of RHR as a risk factor for the different diseases.
Conscientiousness and Pain Interference in Older Age
Authors: Judge Stephanie T , Meyr Kaitlyn J , Segerstrom Suzanne C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Conscientiousness is associated with positive health behaviors and outcomes and has been shown to increase as individuals age. Both age and Conscientiousness affect pain, a highly prevalent correlate of aging. This study investigated the effect of Conscientiousness on the relationship between pain and pain interference and vice versa among older adults, who experience pain and functional limitations disproportionately compared with younger adults.

Methods
A total of 196 community-dwelling older adults (Mage = 73) provided pain and interference ratings semiannually for up to 10 years. Conscientiousness was assessed at the first visit and, on average, 7.6 years later. Multilevel models tested the effect of Conscientiousness on the relationship between pain and interference. Hierarchical regression modeled changes in Conscientiousness.

Results
Across all pain levels, higher Conscientiousness was associated with less pain interference (γ02 = −0.126, SE = 0.048, p &lt; .01, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) [−0.22, −0.03]). This effect was more pronounced at higher levels of pain and older age. Conscientiousness increased slightly over time, but older baseline age (b = −0.01, 95% CI [−0.03, −0.001], R2 = 0.02) and more mean pain interference over the study period (b = −0.17, 95% CI [−0.30, −0.03], R2 = 0.03) were associated with less increase in Conscientiousness at follow-up.

Discussion
Higher pain and older age are associated with more pain interference, and Conscientiousness provided the most protection for these same individuals—those with higher pain and older age. Conscientiousness facilitated reduced interference, which may feed forward into higher Conscientiousness, potentially shaping a cycle between personality and health that extends through older adulthood.