bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inducing dendrite formation using an Atomic Force Microscope tip
Authors: Zhang Gengxin , Weeks Brandon L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAtomic force microscope (AFM) tip‐induced nucleation, and dendrite growth of vapor deposited PETN films on Si (100) have been investigated at room temperature. The AFM tip induces a change from smooth and flat morphology to islands and dendrites, which is owing to the lowering and vanishing of 2‐D nucleation barrier at the tip contact area; this action gives rise to the formation of large islands in the scanned area and dendrite growth along the scanning boundary. SCANNING 30: 228–231, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reuptake of L‐DOPA‐derived extracellular DA in the striatum of a rodent model of Parkinson's disease via norepinephrine transporter
Authors: Arai Akira , Tomiyama Masahiko , Kannari Kazuya , Kimura Tamaki , Suzuki Chieko , Watanabe Mitsunori , Kawarabayashi Takeshi , Shen Huo , Shoji Mikio 
Published: May 2008

AbstractTo determine the role of norepinephrine transporter in reuptake of L‐DOPA‐derived extracellular DA in the DA‐denervated Parkinsonian striatum, we examined extracellular DA levels in the striatum of 6‐hydroxyDA‐lesioned rats that received L‐DOPA (50 mg/kg with 12.5 mg/kg of benserazide) and L‐DOPA plus desipramine (25 mg/kg), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, using in vivo microdialysis. The pretreatment with desipramine increased levels of extracellular DA derived from administrated L‐DOPA in the DA‐denervated striatum. This study provides evidence that L‐DOPA‐derived DA is taken up by the norepinephrine transporter, instead of the dopamine transporter, in the striatum with dopaminergic denervation. This result suggests that the norepinephrine transporter could be a promising target in the treatment for Parkinson's disease. Synapse 62:632–635, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and antioxidant enzyme activity induced by hexavalent chromium in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Patlolla Anita K. , Barnes Constance , Yedjou Clement , Velma V. R. , Tchounwou Paul B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChromium is a widespread industrial compound. The soluble hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is an environmental contaminant widely recognized as carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen toward humans and animals. The fate of chromium in the environment is dependent on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) results in the formation of reactive intermediates leading to oxidative tissue damage and cellular injury. In the present investigation, Potassium dichromate was given intraperitoneally to Sprague‐Dawley rats for 5 days with the doses of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg body weight per day. Oxidative stress including the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the extent of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both liver and kidney was determined. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by single‐cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The results indicated that administration of Cr (VI) had caused a significant increase of ROS level in both liver and kidney after 5 days of exposure, accompanied with a dose‐dependent increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The malondialdehyde content in liver and kidney was elevated as compared with the control animals. Dose‐ and time‐dependent effects were observed on DNA damage after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h posttreatment. The results obtained from the present study showed that Cr (VI) could induce dose‐ and time‐dependent effects on DNA damage, both liver and kidney show defense against chromium‐induced oxidative stress by enhancing their antioxidant enzyme activity. However, liver was found to exhibit more antioxidant defense than the kidney. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Balanced association algorithm for IEEE 802.11 extended service areas
Authors: Ekici O. , Yongacoglu A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMost wireless local area network performance estimations are done with the assumption of uniformly distributed (UD) users. In practice, however, stations (STAs) are distributed unevenly among access points (APs) in an extended service area, causing congested hot‐spots (HS) and under‐utilized APs. Considering a typical network is made up of multiple APs, having some nodes carrying excessive loads degrades the overall network performance. The system performance can be improved by associating STAs efficiently throughout the network, in a sense sharing the network resources fairly among APs and thus relieving congestion. The association algorithm currently employed in IEEE 802.11 systems, that is specifically designed for residential and small office environments, takes into account signal strength as the only parameter and associates STAs to the closest (in signal strength sense) AP, ignoring its load. Novel user association algorithms are required to solve the problems commonly seen in corporate network environments spanning multiple APs, namely congestion relief and resource sharing. In this work, a distributed and online association algorithm is proposed that demonstrates improved average throughput performance, a balanced load distribution as well as fairness across the network compared to the conventional algorithm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyglycerol esters: Optimization and techno‐economic evaluation
Authors: Garti N. , Aserin A. , Zaidman B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractOptimization of the two‐step reaction for preparation of polygly‐cerol esters of fatty acids from the industrial point of view has been studied. Parameters such as nature of the alkaline catalyst, tempera‐ture and time of the reaction have been examined. It was found that the polymerization process needs 260–280 C in the presence of inert gas and 2.5 mol % of NaOH as catalyst. The esterification can be accomplished in the absence of additional catalyst and temperatures as low as 230 C. A simulation model of a chemical plant has been used for evaluation of cost of the production of such emulsifiers.
A Sharpened Nuclearity Condition and the Uniqueness of the Vacuum in QFT
Authors: Dybalski Wojciech 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIt is shown that only one vacuum state can be prepared with a finite amount of energy and it appears, in particular, as a limit of physical states under large timelike translations in any theory which satisfies a phase space condition proposed in this work. This new criterion, related to the concept of additivity of energy over isolated subsystems, is verified in massive free field theory. The analysis entails very detailed results about the momentum transfer of local operators in this model.
Management of non‐neuronopathic Gaucher disease with special reference to pregnancy, splenectomy, bisphosphonate therapy, use of biomarkers and bone disease monitoring
Authors: Cox T. M. , Aerts J. M. F. G. , Belmatoug N. , Cappellini M. D. , vom Dahl S. , Goldblatt J. , Grabowski G. A. , Hollak C. E. M. , Hwu P. , Maas M. , Martins A. M. , Mistry P. K. , Pastores G. M. , Tylki‐Szymanska A. , Yee J. , Weinreb N. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryEnzyme replacement was introduced as treatment for non‐neuronopathic Gaucher disease more than 15 years ago. To ensure the best use of this costly ultra‐orphan agent, a systematic disease management approach has been proposed by an international panel; this includes the development, by consensus, of achievable treatment goals. Here we critically review these goals and monitoring guidelines and incorporate emerging experience of the disease in the therapeutic era, as well as contemporary clinical research. This review makes recommendations related specifically to the management of pregnancy; the appropriate use of splenectomy and bisphosphonate treatment; the relevance of biochemical markers to disease monitoring; and the use of semi‐quantitative methods for assessing bone marrow infiltration. In addition, we identify key areas for development, including the requirement for a validated index of disease severity; the need to correlate widely used biomarkers with long‐term disease outcomes, and the desirability of establishing agreed standards for monitoring of bone disease particularly in infants and children with Gaucher disease.
Clinical characterization of cardiovascular abnormalities associated with feline mucopolysaccharidosis I and VI
Authors: Sleeper M. M. , Kusiak C. M. , Shofer F. S. , O'Donnell P. , Bryan C. , Ponder K. P. , Haskins M. E. 
Published: May 2008

SummaryObjective:The purpose of this study was to define the cardiovascular abnormalities present in young and adult cats affected with the lysosomal storage diseases mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I and MPS VI.Method:Eighteen cats affected with MPS I and 10 cats affected with MPS VI were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed on all MPS I and 9 of the MPS VI cats. Twelve unaffected cats underwent complete examinations for comparison purposes.Results:No cardiovascular abnormalities were noted on physical examination. Measured ECG intervals were normal in affected cats; however, sinus arrhythmia was noted more frequently than in the unaffected cats. Significant echocardiographic abnormalities included aortic valve thickening, regurgitation and aortic root dilation. Significant mitral valve thickening was also noted. The severity of changes increased in older affected cats.Conclusion:As affected animals increased in age, more cardiac abnormalities were found with increasing severity. Significant lesions included the mitral and aortic valves and ascending aorta, but myocardial changes were not recognized. MPS I and MPS VI cats have similar cardiovascular findings to those seen in children and constitute important models for testing new MPS therapies.
The ApoC‐I Content of VLDL Particles is Associated with Plaque Size in Persons with Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Notø Ann‐Trude With , Mathiesen Ellisiv Bøgeberg , Brox Jan , Björkegren Johan , Hansen John‐Bjarne 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that postprandial triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are enriched with apolipoprotein‐C‐I (apoC‐I) in healthy individuals with increased intima‐media thickness and in patients with coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present study was to determine apoC‐I in TRL in persons with carotid atherosclerosis and its relation to plaque area. A population‐based case (n = 42)‐control (n = 39) study was conducted in persons with carotid atherosclerosis, assessed by B‐mode ultrasound, and healthy controls. VLDL (Sf 20–400) was isolated in the fasting state and 4 h after ingestion of a standard fat meal. In the fasting state, persons with carotid atherosclerosis had increased number of apoC‐I per VLDL‐particle compared to persons without carotid atherosclerosis (8.6 ± 5.4 vs. 6.3 ± 4.2, P = 0.018). Total plaque area increased linearly (P = 0.017) across tertiles of apoC‐I per VLDL‐particle. In the postprandial state, a similar increase in the number of apoC‐I per VLDL‐particle occurred in both cases and controls (P < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between groups. The number of apoC‐I per VLDL‐particle in the fasting state was accompanied by delayed clearance of TRL in the postprandial state, and associated with cholesterol enrichment of the VLDL‐particles. Our findings support the concept that the number of apoC‐I per VLDL‐particle may be of importance for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
Exercise training prevents β‐adrenergic hyperactivity‐induced myocardial hypertrophy and lesions
Authors: Serra Andrey J. , Higuchi Maria L. , Ihara Silvia S.M. , Antônio Ednei L. , Santos Marília H.H. , Bombig Maria T.N.M. , Tucci Paulo J.F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundSustained β‐adrenoreceptor activation promotes cardiac hypertrophy and cellular injury.AimsTo evaluate the cardioprotective effect of exercise on damage induced by β‐adrenergic hyperactivity.MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomised into four groups (n=8 per group): sedentary non‐treated control (C), sedentary treated with isoproterenol 0.3 mg/kg/day administered subcutaneously for 8 days (I), exercised non‐treated (E) and exercised plus isoproterenol administered during the last eight days of exercise (IE). Exercised animals ran on a treadmill for 1 h daily 6 times a week for 13 weeks.ResultsIsoproterenol caused increases in left ventricle (LV) wet and dry weight/body weight ratio, LV water content and cardiomyocyte transverse diameter. Additionally, isoproterenol induced severe cellular lesions, necrosis, and apoptosis, increased collagen content and reduced capillary and fibre fractional areas. Notably, all of these abnormalities were completely prevented by exercise.ConclusionOur data have demonstrated that complete cardioprotection is possible through exercise training; by preventing β‐adrenergic hyperactivity‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and structural injury.
Historical geographies of provincial science: themes in the setting and reception of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Britain and Ireland, 1831–c.1939
Authors: WITHERS CHARLES , HIGGITT REBEKAH , FINNEGAN DIARMID 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe British Association for the Advancement of Science sought to promote the understanding of science in various ways, principally by having annual meetings in different towns and cities throughout Britain and Ireland (and, from 1884, in Canada, South Africa and Australia). This paper considers how far the location of its meetings in different urban settings influenced the nature and reception of the association's activities in promoting science, from its foundation in 1831 to the later 1930s. Several themes concerning the production and reception of science – promoting, practising, writing and receiving – are examined in different urban contexts. We consider the ways in which towns were promoted as venues for and centres of science. We consider the role of local field sites, leading local practitioners and provincial institutions for science in attracting the association to different urban locations. The paper pays attention to excursions and to the evolution and content of the BAAS meeting handbook as a ‘geographical’ guide to the significance of the regional setting and to appropriate scientific venues. The paper considers the reception of BAAS meetings and explores how far the association's intentions for the promotion of science varied by location and by section within the BAAS. In examining these themes – the geographical setting of the association's meetings, the reception of association science in local civic and intellectual context and the importance of place to an understanding of what the BAAS did and how it was received – the paper extends existing knowledge of the association and contributes to recent work within the history of science which has emphasized the ‘local’ nature of science's making and reception and the mobility of scientific knowledge.
Science, technique, technology: passages between matter and knowledge in imperial Chinese agriculture
Authors: BRAY FRANCESCA 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMany historians today prefer to speak of knowledge and practice rather than science and technology. Here I argue for the value of reinstating the terms science, techniques and technology as tools for a more precise analysis of governmentality and the workings of power. My tactic is to use these three categories and their articulations to highlight flows between matter and ideas in the production and reproduction of knowledge. In any society, agriculture offers a wonderfully rich case of how ideas, material goods and social relations interweave. In China agronomy was a science of state, the basis of legitimate rule. I compare different genres of agronomic treatise to highlight what officials, landowners and peasants respectively contributed to, and expected from, this charged natural knowledge. I ask how new forms of textual and graphic inscription for encoding agronomic knowledge facilitated its dissemination and ask how successful this knowledge proved when rematerialized and tested as concrete artefacts or techniques. I highlight forms of innovation in response to crisis, and outline the overlapping interpretative frameworks within which the material applications of Chinese agricultural science confirmed and extended its truth across space and time.
Do mental health problems in childhood predict chronic physical conditions among males in early adulthood? Evidence from a community-based prospective study
Authors: Goodwin R. D. , Sourander A. , Duarte C. S. , Niemelä S. , Multimäki P. , Nikolakaros G. , Helenius H. , Piha J. , Kumpulainen K. , Moilanen I. , Tamminen T. , Almqvist F. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundPrevious studies have documented associations between mental and physical health problems in cross-sectional studies, yet little is known about these relationships over time or the specificity of these associations. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between mental health problems in childhood at age 8 years and physical disorders in adulthood at ages 18–23 years.MethodMultiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between childhood mental health problems, reported by child, parent and teacher, and physical disorders diagnosed by a physician in early adulthood.ResultsSignificant linkages emerged between childhood mental health problems and obesity, atopic eczema, epilepsy and asthma in early adulthood. Specifically, conduct problems in childhood were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of obesity and atopic eczema; emotional problems were associated with an increased likelihood of epilepsy and asthma; and depression symptoms at age 8 were associated with an increased risk of asthma in early adulthood.ConclusionsOur findings provide the first evidence of an association between mental health problems during childhood and increased risk of specific physical health problems, mainly asthma and obesity, during early adulthood, in a representative sample of males over time. These data suggest that behavioral and emotional problems in childhood may signal vulnerability to chronic physical health problems during early adulthood.
Suicide in recently discharged psychiatric patients: a case-control study
Authors: Hunt I. M. , Kapur N. , Webb R. , Robinson J. , Burns J. , Shaw J. , Appleby L. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundFew controlled studies have specifically investigated aspects of mental health care in relation to suicide risk among recently discharged psychiatric patients. We aimed to identify risk factors, including variation in healthcare received, for suicide within 3 months of discharge.MethodWe conducted a national population-based case-control study of 238 psychiatric patients dying by suicide within 3 months of hospital discharge, matched on date of discharge to 238 living controls.ResultsForty-three per cent of suicides occurred within a month of discharge, 47% of whom died before their first follow-up appointment. The first week and the first day after discharge were particular high-risk periods. Risk factors for suicide included a history of self-harm, a primary diagnosis of affective disorder, recent last contact with services and expressing clinical symptoms at last contact with staff. Suicide cases were more likely to have initiated their own discharge and to have missed their last appointment with services. Patients who were detained for compulsory treatment at last admission, or who were subject to enhanced levels of aftercare, were less likely to die by suicide.ConclusionsThe weeks after discharge from psychiatric care represent a critical period for suicide risk. Measures that could reduce risk include intensive and early community follow-up. Assessment of risk should include established risk factors as well as current mental state and there should be clear follow-up procedures for those who have self-discharged. Recent detention under the Mental Health Act and current use of enhanced levels of aftercare may be protective.
The Lipschitzian core of some invariant manifold theorems
Authors: CHAPERON MARC 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn the Michael Herman Memorial Volume, we stated and proved some rather simple invariant-manifold theorems, having many old and new applications. This paper presents the final state of the Lipschitzian part of the theory: the results are put into a more general framework and new properties are established. Both the hypotheses and the proofs of all our statements are quite simple. Smoothness will be treated as in Chaperon [Stable manifolds and the Perron–Irwin method. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.24 (2004), 1359–1394] in a forthcoming book.
Older people's realisation of generativity in a changing society: the case of Hong Kong
Authors: CHENG SHEUNG-TAK , CHAN WAI , CHAN ALFRED C. M. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTGenerativity refers to activities that help to establish and guide the next generation. This paper explores the nature of generative concern among older people and how it manifests itself in an era of rapid social and technological changes that have produced wide generation gaps. Eight focus groups were conducted with 51 women and 20 men who were recruited from social centres in Hong Kong on the basis of age, socio-economic status, and level of participation in the centres. The discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using grounded-theory principles. The elders frequently referred to the superior educational level and technological knowledge of their offspring, as well as the differences in values and lifestyles between the generations, which they thought had made their own knowledge and wisdom obsolete. They had concerns about social and technological changes, however, and they aroused a sense of urgency to protect the younger generation from contemporary evils, while many considered that passing on moral and behavioural codes nowadays was the most important generative role. Although they wanted to help, their efforts were often criticised. In order to maintain harmonious relationships and to avoid conflicts with their offspring, many participants adopted passive generative roles. Attempts to stabilise the generative self by redefining generativity were also observed. The final section of the paper discusses the implications of the findings for the maintenance of the generative self in personal situations of declining resources.
Types, meanings and ambivalence in intergenerational exchanges among Cambodian refugee families in the United States
Authors: LEWIS DENISE C. 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTThis article aims to answer the following question: how have refugee families in the United States (US) modified attitudes and behaviours surrounding intergenerational exchanges within the context of filial piety? This research reports on one 31-member extended family in a community of Cambodian refugee families living along the Gulf of Mexico coast. The family members in this study have changed types, found new meanings in, and are often ambivalent about, intergenerational exchanges. Moreover, they have held onto those aspects of Cambodian culture that were considered essential, such as filial piety and elder reverence, while adapting and redefining types and meanings of intergenerational exchanges the better to reflect their current lives in the United States. These findings illuminate ways in which changed life circumstances and cultural transitions shaped attitudes, preferences and behavioural patterns associated with intergenerational exchanges. The findings also show how and why refugee families have negotiated and modified their beliefs and behaviours surrounding intergenerational exchanges in the context of massive social and cultural disruption.