bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crystal Structure of Trans-dichloro-diethylenediamine-cobalt. (III). Chloride Hydrochloride Dihydrate, [Coen2Cl2]Cl·HCl·2H2O
Authors: Nakahara Akitsugu , Saito Yoshihiko , Kuroya Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of trans-dichlorodiethylenediamine-cobalt (III) chloride hydrochloride has been determined using the rotation method (Fe Kαλ=1.937 a.). The substance crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice with two formula units in the unit cell, the dimensions of which are a= 10.68 a., b=7.89 a., c=9.09 a. with β=110°26.
The determined structure seems most easily described as consisting of layers of [Coen2Cl2]+ ions parallel to the plane (100) and those of Cl−, H2O and H+. Two chlorine atoms are co-ordinated to a cobalt atom in trans-positions. The line joining them is perpendicular to the plane in which four nitrogen atoms are found to lie. The dimensions of a complex ion are given. The water molecules probably form a group [H2O···H···H2O]+ together with a proton, O···O distance being 2.66 a. These groups are located between them. The dichroism of the crystal is, discussed on the basis of the determined structure.
Notes on The Polymer-Mixed Solvents System. I The refinement of the free energy expression
Authors: Kawai Toru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The free energy expression derived by Scott for the polymer-mixed solvents system are refined and amplified, removing the assumptions which are not always applicable to the actual cases, although it was introduced by him for the sake of simplicity.
Owing to scantiness of the available data and to difficulties of exact, calculation, the phase diagrams of the system using the results obtained are not given here. Determination of plait points and the problems in the osmotic pressure measurement in mixed solvents will be discuss d elsewhere. Here, we confined ourselves to formulate the free energy expression for various systems also involving the systems in which one or two of the constituents are associated liquids as a special case where the assumption (b) is far from true. Application of the result obtained to some problems-in viscosity, osmotic pressure, and swelling phenomena will be presented in the following-articles.
This paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, where the treatment of associated liquids was discussed with particular reference to the applicability of the above methods to the thermodynamic problems of association.
In the writer’s opinion, the generality of the thermodynamic function derived here in the application to equilibria involving transformation between various “polymeric” species of the associated liquid may be accessible when the volume effect of the associated liquid on the entropy term in these systems must be encountered. Obviously the Flory-Tobolsk y-Bratz treatment is applicable only to the linear “polymer” such as alcohol, and we may go too far to say that our treatment is also-applicable to the three dimentional “polymer”-Our treatment is supposed, however, to be not far from true even in such a case, since the entropy of mixing in the above systems containing associated liquids as one or two components was formulated on the assumption that the submolecules of the “polymer” are distributed at random, i. e., this corresponds to the Bragg-Williams approximation.
On the Vapor Pressure of Liquid Mixture
Authors: Kurata Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The kinetic method was applied to the vapor pressure of regular solution; the result being in agreement with that of the statistical method.
(2) New semi-empirical equations having simple form were derived for the vapor pressures of binary and ternary mixtures of liquids and satisfactory agreements of these equations with the experimental data were illustrated in regard to about 20 examples.
On the Thermal Dissociation of Organic Compounds. III. The Dissociation of Ester Linkage in Phenylcarbaminic acid phenylester in Butyric acid.
Authors: Hoshino Toshio , Mukaiyama Teruaki , Hoshino Hiroko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The rate constant and the activation energy of thermal dissociation of phenylcarbaminic acid phenylester in butyric acid are determined.
(2) It has been made clear on the basis of reaction mechanism that dissociation of ester linkage requires larger activation energy than that of urea linkage.
Dipole Moments of Methyltropolones and their Bromoderivatives
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Mizuno Toshikuni , Mukai Toshio , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of three methyltro-polones and their bromoderivatives were measured in benzene solution at 25° or 30°. The values obtained were compared with the theoretical data for the moments of these compounds with substituents at various presumed positions. The final decision of the position of substitu-ents were made as shown in Table 3.
Studies on Pyrethrins The Synthesis of Some β-Keto Esters
Authors: Matsui Masanao , Yamaguchi Tokuji , Kato Takeaki , Funazo Giichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new procedure for preparing β-keto esters from methyl ketones, sodamide and diethyl carbonate using these reagents in the molar ratio of 1:3:3 is reported. The yields of β-keto esters approach to those of the preparation using sodium hydride as condensing agent. Furthermore, some cyclopentenolones were prepared from the β-keto esters synthesized by this-procedure.
Magnetic Susceptibilities of Reduced and Oxygenated Hemerythrins
Authors: Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of reduced and oxygenated hemerythrin solutions of the same concentration were measured by a Gouy magnetic balance at 25°. The susceptibility of the reduced solution was found to be higher than that of the oxygenated one, indicating a paramagnetic contribution of iron atoms in the reduced molecule. With the assumptions that the four groups acting as oxygen combining centers in the molecule are equivalent to one another and that they are magnetostatically independent, the number of unpaired electrons in the group was calculated to be twelve in the reduced state and zero in the oxygenated preparation. In the reduced state the bonds of the iron atoms are ionic or ion-dipole type in nature. A profound change in the electronic structure takes place when oxygen molecules are combined with the hemerythrin molecule. An oxygen molecule not only loses its own paramagnetism, but also affects all three iron atoms in the group in such a way that the bond type is essentially covalent. These iron atoms are supposed to be coupled with each other in a polynuclear complex so as to be able to transmit the effect of the change of electronic state directly to the others.
Electron Diffraction Investigation on Tropolone
Authors: Kimura Masao , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of tropolone was studied by the electron diffraction method. The most plausible model was found to be a plane regular heptagon form with C-C distance 1.39 A. long and C-H distance 1.10 A., having two slightly different C-O distances, i.e., C-O =1.34 A. and C=O=1.26A.
Determination of Small Quantity of Pentosan in Cellulosic Materials
Authors: Abe Toru , Matsuzaki Kei , Hatano Akira , Sobue Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. For the estimation of a small quantity of pentosan in cellulosic materials, an improvement of phloroglucin method and colorimetry with aniline were investigated on mixtures of glucose and xylose, and the results were compared with brornate, the usual phloroglucin and barbituric acid methods.
2. Treatment of the undried phloroglucide with alcohol remarkably removes the influence of hexosan on pentosan determination but it is not complete. As the solubility of the furfural-phloroglucide increases with phloroglucin added, it is desirable to increase the amount of the latter to twice the theoretical.
3. Colorimetry with aniline is superior to other methods. The color reaction is stable at low temperatures.
4. Pentosan contents of some cellulosic materials, such as rayons, pulps and cellulose acetates, are tabulated.
Polarographic Behavior of Cinnamic-, Styrylacetic-and Crotonic- Acids
Authors: Ono Shin-ichi , Hayashi Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) In neutral solution, both styrylacetic acid and crotonic acid gave a single wave (ca. −1.6–−1.7v.), on the other hand cinnamic acid gave a well-defined two-step polarographic wave (ca. −1.5v. and ca. −2.0v.) corresponding to the reduction of carbon-carbon double bond. The half-wave potentials of cinnamic acid were shifted by the presence of divalent cations.
2) Ethyl cinnamate gave a single wave (ca. −1.7v.) in neutral solution, but in alkaline solution it gave two waves (ca. −1.7v. and ca. −2.0v.). The first wave was observed to diminish by the hydrolysis in alkaline solution.
Dipole Moments of Tropone, 2-Phenyltropone, Tropolone Methyl Ether and their Derivatives
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Seto Shuichi , Nozoe Tetsuo , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of tropone, 2-phenyltropone, tropolone methyl ether and their derivatives were measured in benzene solution at 25°. The increase of moment of tropone over that of cycloheptanone was adequately explained by mesomeric effect and an additional effect due to the formation of cycloheptatriene ring. The latter effect was supported by the theoretical moment for heptafulvene. The moments of various derivatives were compared with the theoretical data. The agreement between them confirmed the correctness of the position of substituents in these compounds already determined or inferred from the standpoint of organic syntheses. The apparent moment of tropolone methyl ether hydrate indicates that in benzene the hydrate dissociates into three separate molecules.
The Separation of Isotopes by Countercurrent Gaseous Exchange Column. I. Transport Equation and Over-All Separation
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The theoretical treatment of the countercurrent gaseous exchange method for the separation of isotopes isdeveloped here. The equation of transport is derived with the assumption that the equilibrium of the isotopic exchange reaction holds only in the sharply defined region in which temperature is higher than Tb. An appropriate approximation leads the transport equation to one which is formally similar to the transport equation of thermal diffusion column. The mechanism of isotope enrichment by countercurrent gaseous exchange method is discussed using the transport equation. The equilibrium separation factor is also derived from the transport equation.
The Separation of Isotopes by Countercurrent Gaseous Exchange Column. II. Experimental Tests of the Theory
Authors: Kigoshi Kunihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The separation of carbon isotope C14 by the countercurrent gaseous exchange method has been studied using a hot wire type thermal diffusion column. The isotopic exchange reaction employed for the experiments was a reaction between carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The separation column was constructed with a water-jacketed glass tube of 150 cm. long and 12.7 mm. in diameter. An electrically heated platinum wire was placed at the center of the tube, and its temperature was measured by thermal expansion of the wire. The column was filled with carbon dioxide. A converter was put at the bottom of the column in order to reduce carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. The concentration of C14 at the bottom of the column was measured by a Lauritsen type electrometer. The over-all separations at the equilibrium states were observed for the various filament temperatures between 570 and 1170°C. The dependence of over-all separation on the filament temperature and initial isotopic transports were in reasonable agneement witd theoretical estimates.
Researches by the Chromatography. IV. On the Impurities of Cotton Cellulose and Wood Cellulose
Authors: Hatano Akira , Sobue Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Egyptian cotton linters, its purified linters, Japanese red pine and beech were hydrolyzed. It has been shown by paper chromatography that the hydrolyzates contain certain monosaccharides, uronic acids and amino acids.
Raw cotton linters have been found to contain, besides glucose, about 1,5% arabinose, and a small amount of glactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid.
The amounts of the various amino acids contained in the hydrolyzates of raw cotton linters, red pine and beech are somewhat different from each other, but the kinds of the amino acids are the same and they are assumed to be cystine, aspartic acid, aspargine, arginine, glutamic acid, alanine and tryptophane.
Glutamic acid changes to pyrrolidoncarboxylic acid in the process of hydrolysis of the materials and shows special colorizations reactions with ninhydrin and bromo-phenol-blue indicator.
Purified cotton linters and sulfate rayon pulps treated by alkali cooking do not contain any amino acid, but sulfite rayon pulps contain cystine, alanine and pyrrolidoncarboxylic acid.
Studies on the Molecular Structures of Gaseous Acetamide and N-methylacetamide by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Kimura Masao , Aoki Michiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The molecular structures of acetamide and N-methylacetamide were determined using electron diffraction by gases. The results were compared with the values obtained from X-ray diffraction by crystals.
2) C=O distance is longer in the crystalline state than in the gaseous state, while C–N distance is shorter in the crystalline state than in the gaseous state. This is due to the hydrogen bond which is absent in the gaseous state but exists in the crystalline state.
Wettability of Solid Surface. VI. The Effects of Metallic Cations on Stearic Acid Built-up Film
Authors: Inaba Ayako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Wettability of mixed built-up film of stearic acid and barium or calcium stearate decreased with the number of layers, the advancing contact angle tending to the value of about 115°. The difference between θa and θr of built-up film was larger than that of solidified surface.
2. X-film and Y-film of barium or calcium stearate prepared occasionally at almost the same condition showed the same wettability. Increase of barium or calcium content in the film was considered to result in the wettability decrease.
3. Of the three types of metallic ion classified according to the influence on wettability of stearic acid, the following two were studied precisely.
(a) Ions of the type III, forming relatively simple stoichiometric compound with stearic acid, the stearates being able to overturn themselves easily in the surface, and the wettability changing with the condition. (Ba, Ca)
(b) Ions of the type II, forming a network of a complex structure with stearic acid, which overturn themselves with difficulty in the surface and their wettability does not change with the condition.
II—1. Ions, rapidly forming network and render the surface hydrophilic tempolarily. (Al, Cu)
II—2. Ions, slowly forming network and rendering the surface hydrophobic (Hg).
Studies of Molecular Structures by Electron Diffraction. II. The Structures of o-,p-Fluorochrolobenzene and p-Fluorobromobenzene
Authors: Oosaka Hajime , Akimoto Yûmi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of o-,p-fluoro-chlorobenzene and p-fluorobromobenzene have been investigated by the electron diffraction method. The following values have been obtained by the analysis based on coplanar structures; C–F=1.30±0.03Å, C–Cl=1.68±0.02Å for p fluorochlorobenzene; C–F=1.30±0.03Å, C–Br=1.87±0.02Å for p fluorobromobenzene; and C–F=1.30±0.03Å, C–Cl=1.69±0.02Å, and &lt;C1–C2–F=&lt;C2–C1–Cl 121±1° for fluorochlorobenzene. C–C=1.40Å, C–H=1.04Å are assumed throughthe analysis.
An Improved Accurate Film Balance
Authors: Inokuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An improved apparatus and technique for measuring low film pressures, have been described. Although the apparatus bears resem-balance to the Marcelin’s balance, the following improvements were achieved in order to enable the low pressure measurement to be generally accessible.
(1) The main construction is laid beside the trough, unlike the usual apparatus whose construction is placed above the surface of water. This design is well suited for minimizing the chance of contamination which more or less occurs on the surface during assembling or operation of the instrument.
(2) Since one of the disadvantages of this type balance lies in the possibility of leakage at the solid-thread connections, especially at the connection between rims of the trough and thread, properly designed metal blocks are used to ensure the perfect connection with simple technique.
(3) An important point in the design of the apparatus is that it should be capable of easy dismantling and reassembling, so that the operation of cleaning can be easily conducted. This requirement is satisfied by the use of a carrier for the float and threads which is easily removable from the main construction of the apparatus.
(4) The float is so designed that the connection between the float and the supporter is an independent bearing, when the float is allowed to be in contact with the water surface. Owing to such construction, the change of water level during run does not matter.
(5) The optical system, which makes the deflection of the floating barrier visible, is equipped with the apparatus. Since the frosted glass, on which the light image is projected, lies just beside the reading scale, observations can be made with no unnecessary delay.
These designs meet well the requirements for measuring low film pressures. Continuous use for eighteen months has shown the apparatus to be very convenient and reliable.
Sterols and Other Unsaponifiable Substances in the Lipids of Shell Fishes, Crustacea and Echinoderms. XII. Occurrence of Δ7-Cholestenol as a Major Component of the Sterol Mixture of Chiton
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Tatsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sterol mixture of the chitons caught around Osaki-Shimojima Island in the Inland Sea of Seto contains predominantly Δ7-cholestenol, the acetate of which is easily obtainable in a pure state by several recrystallizations of the acetate of sterol mixture. From sterolfree components of unsaponifiable matter, a saturated fraction, possibly consisting of chimyl and batyl alcohols, was separated.
Surface Chemistry of Synthetic Protein Analogues. III. On the Surface Viscosity of Monolayers of Non-electrolytic Synthetic Polypeptides
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hamaguchi Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface viscosity of the spread monolayers of synthetic polypeptides with non-electrolytic side chains was investigated in relation to the surface area and to the surface pressure. If the length of a side chain becomes longer than six carbon atoms, the limiting area becomes larger with the length of the side chain. Polypeptide with no side chains or very short ones such as glycinealanine copolymer might be changed to α-configuration from “extended” β-configuration merely by compression. The ease of transition from one configuration to another corresponds to the discovery by Elliott in bulk solution with poly-alanine. αII→β transformation of poly-γ-methyl-l-glutamate which had been reported in the previous paper, was observed also by the surface viscosity measurements. The difference of the nature of films of optical active and of racemic polypeptide was investigated. The polypeptide consisting of single optical isomeride was able to be more closely packed in the film than that of racemic. Our discovery by surface pressure measurement that the polymer of ε-aminocaproic acid, namely, amilan is not adequate as the model of protein, was again confirmed from the study of surface viscosity.
Studies on the Oxy-acid Phosphors. II. Vanadate Phosphors (Part 1)
Authors: Kotera Yoshihide , Sekine Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preparations and the measurements of the general characteristics of the pyrovanadate phosphors have been carried out. When excited by the ultraviolet, zinc pyrovanadate shows a relatively strong emission. Strontium pyrovanadate emits white color on irradiation by the cathode ray. Magnesium, calcium, barium, and cadmium salts show emission by the various methods of excitation. It has been suggested that pyrovanadate phosphors belong to the unactivated type similar to the tungstate phosphors.
Dipole Moments of Cyclic Siloxanes and Thiosiloxanes
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Kondo Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of several cyclosiloxanes and cyclothiosiloxanes were measured in benzene solution. The values obtained are: Hexamethyldisiloxane (I), 0.80D; octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (III), 0.67D; hexamethylcyclotrithiosiloxane (V), 1.03D. The atomic polarizations obtained are: hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (II), 10.9 cc.; tetramethylcyclodithiosiloxane (IV), 9.0 cc. The unexpectedly small bond moment of Si-O (1.55D) can be explained by the double bond character of the bond. For the configuration of (III) and (V), it is impossible to draw any definite conclusion from the study of the dipole moment alone.
Molecular Structure Investigations by Electron Diffraction Method. I. The Molecular Structures of Isopropyl Alcohol and -Chloride
Authors: Yamaha Mashio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of isopropyl alcohol and -chloride have been investigated by the electron diffraction method. The atomic distances, C-O : 1.45±0.03Å, C-C : 1.54±0.02Å and valence angles,&lt;CCC≈&lt;CCO : 110°±2.5° are determined for the former molecule, and distances C-Cl : 1.76±0.02Å, C-C : 1.55±0.02Å and angles &lt;CCC≈&lt;CCCl : 109.5±1.5° for the latter.
The approximate thermal vibration factors have been taken into account for the determination of the best molecular models. The rotational configurations of methyl groups have been considered, but the equilibrium position of two methyl groups cannot be determined conclusively, in spite of the fact that this effect upon the intensity curves are not to be ignored in the case of isopropyl alcohol molecule.
The Studies of Molecular Structures by Electron Diffraction. III. The Structures of m- and p Difluorobenzene
Authors: Oosaka Hajime , Sekine Hiroshi , Saito Takahide 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The C–F distances of m-difluorobenzene and p-difluorobenzene are investigated to be almost equal, 1.30±0.03 Å.
The Condensations of Furfural with Acetylacetone and Ethyl Propionylacetate
Authors: Midorikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-Acetyl-4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (I) and ethyl α-propionyl-2-furanacrylate (V) were obtained by the condensations of furfural with acetylacetone and ethyl propionylacetate by piperidine, respectively.
3-Acetyl-4-(2-furyl)-3-buten-2-one (I) was oxidised by sodium hypochlorite to furfurylidenemalonic acid (II), and, on refluxing with alcohoric hydrochloric acid and subsequent hydrolysis, gave β-(4-acetyl-5-methyl-2-furyl)-propionic acid (IV).
Ethyl α-propionyl-2-furanacrylate (V) gave γ,ζ-dioxopelargonic acid (VI) by refluxing with alcoholic hydrochloric acid and subsequent hydrolysis.
The dioxocaboxylic acid (m. p. 83∼84°), obtained by the ring-opening of the furfurylidene ketone (b.p. 126°/19 mm.) in alcoholic hydrochloric acid which was considered to be 1-(2-furyl)-1-penten-3-one (VII) in the previous reports, was identical with this γ,ζ-dioxopelargonic acid (VI). It was confirmed, therefore, that the ideas in the previous reports6) was correct.