bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological comparative study of canine and feline diaphragms: Effect of bodyweight, body condition score, gender, age and breed
Authors: Mogicato Giovanni , Cavalerie Robin , Daniels‐Treffandier Hélène , Cartiaux Benjamin , Montel Charles , Verwaerde Patrick , Jourdan Géraldine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe canine diaphragm is a muscular and tendinous dome‐like plate and is largely involved in digestive and respiratory functions. Very few studies compared morphology of the diaphragm between dogs and cats and no studies have investigated the effects of individual factors on this morphology. So the aim of this study was to (1) study the effects of individual factors on the morphology of the diaphragm and (2) to compare its morphology between cats and dogs. Surface measurements of 86 diaphragms were performed. The tendinous centre (TC), the lumbar part of the peripheral muscular (LP) and the sternal and costal parts of the peripheral muscular (SCPM) were measured. Measurement ratios (surface of anatomical part of the diaphragm/total surface of the diaphragm) were used for statistical analysis (TC%S, LP%S, SCPM%S). The SCPM%S are significantly lower, and the LP%S are significantly higher when bodyweight increases in dogs and cats. The TC%S are significantly lower when the body condition score of dogs increases. The SCPM%S are significantly higher, and therefore, the TC%S and LP%S lower in brachycephalic animals as opposed to mesocephalic animals. The TC%S are significantly higher in dogs than in cats and the SCPM%S are significantly higher in cats than in dogs. This study proposed a cartography of the diaphragm morphology in cats and dogs taking into account individual animal factors. Significant differences in the diaphragm morphology between cats and dogs and between mesocephalic and brachycephalic animals were found. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and to investigate the consequences of these variations.
‘You are not Sikkimese enough’: Understanding collective action tendencies of old settlers in Sikkim using SIMCA
Authors: Malu Bhasker , Belavadi Sucharita , Chhabra Samreen , Rajan Santhosh Kareepadath , Dochania Rashbha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe current study analyses the motivators and inhibitors of collective action tendency using the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA). The study was conducted with a minority and state‐based repressed group known as the old settlers in Sikkim, India. The old settlers are a community that have been historically settled in Sikkim prior to the state's merger with India in 1975. They are racially and ethnically different from the majority population of northeasterners in Sikkim and face both institutional and interpersonal discrimination. A qualitative approach using semi‐structured interviews with 11 old settlers was taken to delineate SIMCA variables – moral conviction, identity, injustice and efficacy – within the context of northeast India. Collective action was motivated through moral conviction via principles of equality and unequal treatment and outsider status, identity via politicisation of identity, creation of social movement organisations, injustice via anger and fraternal resentment and efficacy via marches and legal recourses. Collective action was inhibited through moral conviction via denial of violation, identity via acculturation, injustice via fear and efficacy via learned helplessness. These findings indicate that in state‐based repressed groups, collective action tendencies must be understood from a context‐specific lens that attempts to understand both motivating and inhibitory factors.
Extracellular vesicle miRNAs drive aberrant macrophage responses in NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Hartung Franziska , Haimerl Pascal , Schindela Sonja , Mussack Veronika , Kirchner Benedikt , Henkel Fiona D. R. , Bernhardt Ulrike , Zissler Ulrich M. , Santarella‐Mellwig Rachel , Pfaffl Michael , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Chaker Adam M. , Esser‐von Bieren Julia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, however, how EVs contribute to immune dysfunction and type 2 airway inflammation remains incompletely understood. We aimed to elucidate roles of airway EVs and their miRNA cargo in the pathogenesis of NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD), a severe type 2 inflammatory condition.MethodsEVs were isolated from induced sputum or supernatants of cultured nasal polyp or turbinate tissues of N‐ERD patients or healthy controls by size‐exclusion chromatography and characterized by particle tracking, electron microscopy and miRNA sequencing. Functional effects of EV miRNAs on gene expression and mediator release by human macrophages or normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) were studied by RNA sequencing, LC–MS/MS and multiplex cytokine assays.ResultsEVs were highly abundant in secretions from the upper and lower airways of N‐ERD patients. N‐ERD airway EVs displayed profoundly altered immunostimulatory capacities and miRNA profiles compared to airway EVs of healthy individuals. Airway EVs of N‐ERD patients, but not of healthy individuals induced inflammatory cytokine (GM‐CSF and IL‐8) production by NHBEs. In macrophages, N‐ERD airway EVs exhibited an impaired potential to induce cytokine and prostanoid production, while enhancing M2 macrophage activation. Let‐7 family miRNAs were highly enriched in sputum EVs from N‐ERD patients and mimicked suppressive effects of N‐ERD EVs on macrophage activation.ConclusionAberrant airway EV miRNA profiles may contribute to immune dysfunction and chronic type 2 inflammation in N‐ERD. Let‐7 family miRNAs represent targets for correcting aberrant macrophage activation and mediator responses in N‐ERD.
“Black Women Should Not Die Giving Life”: The lived experiences of Black women diagnosed with severe maternal morbidity in the United States
Authors: Post Wendy , Thomas Angela , Sutton Karey M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to understand the lived experiences of Black women diagnosed with severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in communities with high maternal mortality to inform practices that reduce obstetric racism and improve patient outcomes.MethodsFrom August 2022 through December 2022, we conducted a phenomenological, qualitative study among Black women who experienced SMM. Participants were recruited via social media and met inclusion criteria if they self‐identified as Black cisgender women, were 18–40 years old, had SMM diagnosed, and lived within zip codes in the United States that have the top‐five highest maternal mortality rates. Family members participated on behalf of women who were deceased but otherwise met all other criteria. We conducted in‐depth interviews (IDIs), and transcripts were analyzed using inductive and deductive methods to explore birth story experiences.ResultsOverall, 12 participants completed IDIs; 10 were women who experienced SMM and 2 were mothers of women who died due to SMM. The mean age for women who experienced SMM was 31 years (range 26–36 years) at the time of the IDI or death. Most participants had graduate‐level education, and the average annual household income was 123,750 USD. Women were especially interested in study participation because of their high‐income status as they did not fit the stereotypical profile of Black women who experience racial discrimination. The average time since SMM diagnosis was 2 years. Participants highlighted concrete examples of communication failures, stereotyping by providers, differential treatment, and medical errors which patients experienced as manifestations of racism. Medical personnel dismissing and ignoring concerns during emergent situations, even when raised through strong self‐advocacy, was a key factor in racism experienced during childbirth.ConclusionsFuture interventions to reduce racism and improve maternal health outcomes should center on the experiences of Black women and focus on improving patient–provider communication, as well as the quality and effectiveness of responses during emergent situations.Précis statement: This study underscores the need to center Black women's experiences, enhance patient–provider communication, and address emergent concerns to mitigate obstetric racism and enhance maternal health outcomes.
Sequence not salvage
Authors: Sborov Douglas W. , Fortuna Gliceida Galarza , Hayden Patrick J. 
Published: April 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has fundamentally changed the relapsed and refractory therapeutic landscape, but the disease remains incurable. Two CAR‐T products, idecabtagene vicleucel (ide‐cel; Abecma) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta‐cel, Carvykti), have been FDA‐ and EMA‐approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM); both target B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a surface glycoprotein highly expressed on MM cells. Despite deep and durable responses following CAR‐T therapy, most patients will need subsequent treatment, and the optimal next‐line therapy is presently unclear.Commentary on: Liu et al. Outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma receiving salvage treatment after BCMA‐specific CAR‐T therapy: A retrospective analysis of LEGEND‐2. Br J Haematol 2024;204:1780‐1789.
Do minimum wages crowd out union density?
Authors: Kozák Michal , Picot Georg , Starke Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMinimum wage legislation has spread across rich democracies in recent decades in response to rising inequality and in‐work poverty. However, there are concerns that state regulation of wages could reduce incentives to join a union. We empirically test this crowding out hypothesis, using (1) an event‐study macro‐level analysis of trade union density in 19 advanced capitalist countries between 1960 and 2017 and (2) a multi‐level analysis of 32 countries (1981−2020) where we use individual‐level union membership as dependent variable. We find no evidence that statutory minimum wage adoption crowds out union density. We also test whether the most vulnerable groups of employees (young, low‐skilled and low‐income) have a lower propensity to join a union when a minimum wage is introduced but find no effect either.
Self‐serving attribution and managerial investment decision
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Choi Changhwan , Fard Amirhossein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether managerial overconfidence coupled with self‐attribution bias distorts the investment decisions of firms. To this end, we investigate the impact of overconfidence on asymmetric investment cash flow sensitivity (ICS). We find that managerial overconfidence affects ICS in a downward‐sticky direction, which is reinforced by overconfidence coupled with managerial self‐attribution. The results for both unconstrained and constrained firms are qualitatively consistent with those for the overall sample; however, the constrained subsample provides slightly weaker results. Thus, our findings indicate that managerial overconfidence and self‐attribution to recent successes may induce managers to make excessive investment commitments.
Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses
Authors: Du Baoguo , Haensch Robert , Alfarraj Saleh , Rennenberg Heinz 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTIn their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first‐line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole‐plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.
Simplified detection of genetic background admixture using artificial intelligence
Authors: Pauly Rini , Alexander Feltus Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdmixture refers to the mixing of genetic ancestry from different populations. Admixture is important for genomic medicine because it can affect how an individual responds to certain medications, how they metabolize drugs, and susceptibility to certain diseases. For example, some genetic variants associated with drug metabolism and response may be more common in certain populations, and individuals with admixed ancestry may have a different frequency of these variants than individuals from the ancestral populations. Understanding the patterns of admixture in a population can also help researchers identify new genetic variants associated with diseases or traits and develop more personalized and targeted treatments. In this study, we compared and classified the known and self‐reported genetic backgrounds from 1000 Genomes Project and admixed samples from GTEx projects using supervised, unsupervised and statistical classification methodologies. We developed a novel tool called Admix‐AI that uses a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network to understand and classify admixed genetic backgrounds using 213 DNA‐marker based genetic background labels. Admix‐AI can be used to discover admixed proportions in samples and ultimately aid personalized genomic medicine by identifying specific biomarker systems. We compared Admix‐AI to the existing admixture categorization software and found our tool to be computationally faster with 2× speedup and streamlined usage. Admix‐AI is available as open‐source code under GPL version 3.0 license at https://github.com/rpauly/Admix-AI.
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone graft compared with composite grafts: A one‐year single‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Starch‐Jensen Thomas , Ahmad Marianne , Bruun Niels Henrik , Becktor Jonas Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to assess the one year implant treatment outcome and patient‐related outcome measures (PROMs) following maxillary sinus floor augmentation (MSFA) with autogenous bone graft (ABG) from the zygomatic buttress (control) compared with 1:1 mixture of ABG and anorganic porcine bone mineral (APBM) (Test I) or biphasic bone graft material (BBGM) (Test II).Materials and MethodsSixty healthy patients (34 females, 26 males) were randomly allocated to either control or test groups. Outcome measures included survival of suprastructures and implants, implant stability quotient, health status of peri‐implant tissue, peri‐implant marginal bone loss, frequency of complications, and PROMs using Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 combined with questionnaire assessing patient perception of peri‐implant soft tissue, prosthetic solution, implant function, and implant treatment outcome using visual analogue scale. Mean differences were expressed with standard deviation and 95% confidence interval. Level of significance was .05.ResultsAll suprastructures and implants were well‐functioning after one year of functional implant loading. There was no significant difference between control and test groups in any of the applied outcome measures. The implant stability significantly increased from implant placement to abutment connection within all groups (p < .001). High patient satisfaction and significant improvement in oral health‐related quality of life was also reported within all groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that MSFA with composite grafts containing minimal amounts of ABG reveals comparable implant treatment outcomes as compared with ABG alone, after one year of functional implant loading. Extensive ABG harvesting in conjunction with MSFA therefore seems not to be needed.
Predictability and Variation in Language Are Differentially Affected by Learning and Production
Authors: Keogh Aislinn , Kirby Simon , Culbertson Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGeneral principles of human cognition can help to explain why languages are more likely to have certain characteristics than others: structures that are difficult to process or produce will tend to be lost over time. One aspect of cognition that is implicated in language use is working memory—the component of short‐term memory used for temporary storage and manipulation of information. In this study, we consider the relationship between working memory and regularization of linguistic variation. Regularization is a well‐documented process whereby languages become less variable (on some dimension) over time. This process has been argued to be driven by the behavior of individual language users, but the specific mechanism is not agreed upon. Here, we use an artificial language learning experiment to investigate whether limitations in working memory during either language learning or language production drive regularization behavior. We find that taxing working memory during production results in the loss of all types of variation, but the process by which random variation becomes more predictable is better explained by learning biases. A computational model offers a potential explanation for the production effect using a simple self‐priming mechanism.
Influence of ecotourism on grizzly bear activity depends on salmon abundance in the Atnarko River corridor, Nuxalk Territory
Authors: Field Kate A. , Short Monica L. , Moody Jason E. , Artelle Kyle A. , Bourbonnais Mathieu L. , Paquet Paul C. , Darimont Chris T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEcotourism management can draw on theory and data related to non‐consumptive effects of risk on wildlife. The asset protection principle (APP) predicts that variable food supply and its associated risks will affect antipredator behavior; responses to predation risk should dominate when food reserves are high, while nutritional risk becomes more important when food reserves are limited. Additionally, the human shield hypothesis (HSH) describes how some individuals might seek human presence if it repels potential sources of risk. Using camera traps, we used generalized linear mixed effects and multinomial regression models to test components of the APP and HSH where ecotourism co‐occurs with grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) foraging during hyperphagia. When salmon abundance was high (+1 SD), bear activity (weekly detections) decreased by 13% with every 100 visitors/week. Under low salmon conditions, bear activity increased with visitor numbers, creating ‘high bear‐high visitor’ conditions. Consistent with HSH, detection data revealed an increased likelihood of detecting subordinate age‐sex classes compared with adult males when visitor numbers were high. Our findings suggest that when salmon are low, managers might consider limiting visitors to mitigate disturbance. More broadly, understanding how wildlife allocate anti‐predator behavior as a function of risk and food can inform conservation science and practice.
Advancing the utilization of real‐world data and real‐world evidence in clinical pharmacology and translational research—Proceedings from the ASCPT 2023 preconference workshop
Authors: Liu Jing , Rowland‐Yeo Karen , Winterstein Almut , Dagenais Simon , Liu Qi , Barrett Jeffrey S. , Zhu Rui , Ghobadi Cyrus , Datta‐Mannan Amita , Hsu Joy , Menon Sujatha , Ahmed Mariam , Manchandani Pooja , Ravenstijn Paulien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReal‐world data (RWD) and real‐world evidence (RWE) are now being routinely used in epidemiology, clinical practice, and post‐approval regulatory decisions. Despite the increasing utility of the methodology and new regulatory guidelines in recent years, there remains a lack of awareness of how this approach can be applied in clinical pharmacology and translational research settings. Therefore, the American Society of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (ASCPT) held a workshop on March 21st, 2023 entitled “Advancing the Utilization of Real‐World Data (RWD) and Real‐World Evidence (RWE) in Clinical Pharmacology and Translational Research.” The work described herein is a summary of the workshop proceedings.
Influence of COVID‐19 pandemic on mandible fracture patterns in a German cranio‐maxillofacial trauma center: PreCOVID (2019) versus IntraCOVID (2020)
Authors: Dudde Florian , Schuck Oliver , Schunk Johannes , Filip Barbarewicz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsThe COVID‐19 (Coronavirus Disease‐2019) pandemic confronted the global healthcare system with a variety of challenges. The pandemic and the associated lockdowns also had an impact on multiple medical disciplines (i.e. delay of surgery, change of hospital admissions). The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on mandible fracture patterns/distributions and circumstances in a German cranio‐maxillofacial trauma center.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study compared the mandible fracture patterns of patients in the PreCOVID (PC) era (February 2019–January 2020) with patients in the IntraCOVID (IC) era (February 2020–January 2021). In addition to baseline characteristics, the number/type of mandible fractures, location of the mandible fracture, circumstances leading to mandible fracture, and hospital admissions/treatments were analyzed.ResultsA total of 127 patients was included in this study. In the IC period, the absolute frequencies of mandible fractures decreased (PC = 72 vs. IC = 55). There were minor changes in the mandible fracture locations. An increase of concomitant facial soft tissue injuries (IC = 69.1% vs. PC = 58.3%), as well as higher rates of traumatic tooth loss (IC = 32.7% vs. PC = 22.2%), was observed. Regarding the causes/accidents leading to mandible fractures, there were significant increases in falls and significant decreases in sports accidents as well as interpersonal violence during the IC period. A significant increase in accidents at home and domestic violence during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a simultaneous decrease in weekend and night‐time trauma leading to mandible fractures was observed. Furthermore, a significant increase in days from trauma to surgery was recorded.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on mandibular fracture patterns. The locations and types of mandibular fractures changed slightly. However, significant differences in the circumstances leading to mandible fractures (increased falls, decreased interpersonal violence) were recorded.