bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON A RECEPTOR ASSAY FOR AN ANTIBODY TO HUMAN THYROID PLASMA MEMBRANE
Authors: Ochi Yukio , Hosoda Shiro , Hachiya Takashi , Yoshimura Manabu , Miyazaki Tadayoshi , Kajita Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A receptor assay was examined for the thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin using [125I]LATS. The principle of this method is the determination of displaced [125I]LATS from thyroidal plasma membrane (PM) by test serum. LATS-IgG without thyroidal antibodies was labelled with 125I, and radioactivity (RA) bound to purified PM from human thyroid was used as [125I] LATS. In the routine receptor assay, human thyroidal PM fraction, 0.1 ml of test serum, and [125I]LATS were incubated. Then [125I]LATS bound with the PM was determined after centrifugation. LATS positive serum showed a significant displacement. However, TSH (human and bovine), hCG and cholera toxin did not displace [125I]LATS from the plasma membrane.
The bound per cent in euthyroid subjects was about 29 ± 3 % (mean ± sd). The displacing activity was positive in both hyperthyroid patients and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while in simple goitre and in hypothyroid patients with increased serum TSH it was always negative. LATS positive sera showed strong displacing activity in 16 of 17 cases, but LATS negative sera in hyperthyroid patients were positive in only 70 %. The displacing activity was also positive in all sera with positive precipitating antibody for thyroglobulin (TG), while patients with the positive haemagglutination antibody for TG (TRC: ≦ 107)in Hashimoto's disease were positive in about 50 % of cases. The displacing activity was not affected by absorption of TG antibody. Microsomal antibody in Hashimoto's disease was suggested to have an effect on the displacing activity. Although this method is not specific for determining LATS, this assay may be useful for examining thyroid plasma membrane binding immunoglobulin.
PLASMA CLEARANCE OF CORTISOL AS A FUNCTION OF PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS IN NORMAL AND OBESE PERSONS AND IN PATIENTS WITH URAEMIA OR CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Deck K. A. , Baur P. , Hillen H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma cortisol levels in 2 normal persons, 2 obese persons, 2 uraemic patients, and 2 patients with cirrhosis of the liver were raised in 4 steps by a combination of iv priming doses and continuous infusions of cortisol. Plasma cortisol levels and transcortin binding were measured as well as plasma clearance rates of labelled and unlabelled cortisol during each of the 5 experimental periods. Plasma cortisol levels increased less and plasma clearance rates of labelled and unlabelled cortisol increased more in obese persons than in normal persons; in patients with disturbed metabolism of cortisol (uraemia, cirrhosis of the liver) the reverse is true. Plasma clearance rates of free cortisol were calculated and differed from an estimated hepatic plasma flow of 0.7 1/min under certain conditions. Since free cortisol is metabolized faster than transcortin-bound cortisol, increasing plasma clearance rates of cortisol are probably due to increasing ratios free/bound cortisol when total plasma cortisol levels are raised. Low plasma clearance rates of cortisol in uraemia and cirrhosis of the liver are thought to be due to endproduct inhibition, respectively reduced liver cell mass.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR 2-METHOXYOESTRONE IN HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: Emons Günter , Ball Peter , Postel Gertrud v. , Knuppen Rudolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A bovine serum albumin conjugate of 2-methoxyoestrone was used for the preparation of highly specific antibodies in rabbits. Cross-reactivity for catecholoestrogens and monophenolic steroids was below 0.3 %. Only 2-methoxyoestradiol cross-reacted with 44 %. An assay procedure for the determination of unconjugated and conjugated 2-methoxyoestrone in human plasma is described. The following mean plasma concentrations (pg/ml) were found (unconjugated/conjugated): children 61/1130, young men 74/1320, elderly men 109/1260, cycling women 131/1040, post-menopausal women 102/1420, and pregnant women 3980/5850.
SERUM THYROGLOBULIN IN PATIENTS WITH TOXIC AND NON-TOXIC GOITRES COMPARED TO SEX- AND AGE-MATCHED CONTROL SUBJECTS
Authors: Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Bech Karine , Date John 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To study serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients with thyroid disorders compared to sex- and age-matched control subjects and to correlate the Tg levels to the thyroid function, 71 patients were investigated before treatment was started.
Serum Tg, measured by a double antibody radioimmunoassay, was elevated in all groups with thyroid disorders, as compared to their controls, but the values showed large overlaps between groups. The highest median values were seen in the two groups of patients with toxic goitres (toxic adenoma and Graves' disease). The Tg values in patients with non-toxic goitres (diffuse and nodular) and in controls showed a log normal distribution, whereas the distribution of values from patients with toxic goitres was different. No correlation was found between serum Tg and serum thyroxine, serum triiodothyronine and serum TSH, respectively.
It is concluded that determination of serum Tg is of little diagnostic value in thyroid diseases.
BROMOCRIPTINE-INDUCED MODULATION OF PLASMA ALDOSTERONE RESPONSE TO ACUTE STIMULATIONS
Authors: Birkhäuser M. , Riondel A. , Vallotton M. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of the dopaminergic agent 2-bromoergocryptine on plasma aldosterone response to acute stimulations was assessed in 14 normal male volunteers. Without modifying basal plasma aldosterone levels or urinary aldosterone excretion, bromocriptine retarded and diminished significantly the plasma aldosterone response to angiotensin II or ACTH, but did not alter the response to upright posture. These results point to a bromocriptineinduced modulation of the plasma aldosterone response to direct stimulations at the adrenal level. The present work brings further evidence for an effect of the dopaminergic system on the physiological control of aldosterone.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME DUE TO ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA A COMPHRENSIVE CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PATIENTS TREATED BY SURGERY AND CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: Kelly W. F. , Barnes A. J. , Cassar J. , White M. , Mashiter K. , Loizou S. , Welbourn R. B. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four post-mencpausal women had Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal cortical carcinomas. Comprehensive analyses of blood and urinary steroids showed that although the steroid profiles differed between patients, the pattern in each patient remained almost constant as the disease progressed, or remitted due to therapy. Elevations of serum testosterone and oestradiol were commensurate with the extent of virilisation, and the urinary output of aldosterone was associated with the severity of hypertension. A new finding was that all had substantially increased urinary free deoxycorticosterone. Complete surgical removal of the primary tumours was impossible but when most of the tumour tissue was removed, full clinical and biochemical remissions were obtained for a short time in 2 patients. One patient obtained a clinical and biochemical remission from op'DDD. In another patient the drug caused reduction both in blood pressure and in urinary aldosterone excretion, but there were unpleasant side effects. A third patient could not tolerate op'DDD. Metyrapone therapy produced neither clinical nor biochemical improvement in 3 patients. The mean duration of survival was 17 months after the first symptoms and 10 months from the date of operation. Despite advances in drug therapy, adrenal cortical carcinoma remains a lethal disease. Biochemical screening of multiple steroids offers a means of early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Extensive surgical removal of the tumour offers the best chance of a clinical and biochemical remission.
DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL ACTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS, CORTICOSTERONE AND CORTISOL, AS A BASE OF ZONAL FUNCTION OF ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Kahri A. I. , Voutilainen R. , Salmenperä M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of corticosterone and cortisol in concentrations attainable in the adrenal gland were studied on ACTH-induced steroidogenesis in cultured cortical cells of foetal human and rat adrenals. Corticosterone at a concentration of 5.8 × 10−5 mol/l clearly inhibited cortisol production (65.5%; P < 0.005) and simultaneously increased androgen production in tissue culture of foetal human adrenals. Cortisol at a concentration of 2.8 × 10−4 mol/l clearly inhibited 18-OH-DOC (74.0 %, P < 0.001) and aldosterone (83.7 % P < 0.005) production in tissue culture of foetal rat adrenals. In primary culture of foetal human adrenals cortisol did not decrease aldosterone production absolutely, but it significantly decreased the relative amount of aldosterone with respect to corticosterone. Cortisol did not inhibit corticosterone production in either culture.
The results demonstrate that cortisol and corticosterone have qualitatively different effects on adrenal steroidogenesis and that these steroids may play a basic role in the functional zonation of the adrenal gland.
PROLACTIN-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMAS: PROLACTIN DYNAMICS BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY
Authors: Barbarino Antonino , de Marinis Laura , Menini Edoardo , Anile Carmelo , Maira Giulio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty women with hyperprolactinaemia secondary to a pituitary adenoma were studied before and after selective transsphenoidal removal of the tumour.
Pre-operatively, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) (200 μg iv) and metoclopramide (MCP) (10 mg po) did not produce a positive PRL response in the tumour patients. By contrast, 14 post-partum lactating women, who were used as controls, exhibited a positive response to MCP administration. Methergoline (4 mg po) was shown to decrease serum PRL levels in 8 normal subjects, in 6 puerperal women, and 9 of 10 tumour patients. Bromoergocriptine (CB-154, 2.5 mg po) decreased serum PRL levels in 10 tumour patients.
Following transsphenoidal removal of the adenoma serum PRL levels were reduced in all patients, and returned to normal in 14 patients. Prognostics for completely normalizing PRL secretion after transsphenoidal surgery is better when initial serum PRL levels are below 200 ng/ml.
After surgery all hyperprolactinaemic patients failed to show a positive PRL response to TRH and MCP. Nine normoprolactinaemic patients had a positive response to both stimuli while 3 patients failed to show a positive response immediately following surgery.
Long-term studies, however, showed that a positive PRL response was obtained in all patients tested 8–14 months after treatment.
A positive PRL response to methergoline and bromocriptine was observed post-operatively in the patients tested regardless of their basal PRL level. Data from this study indicate that surgically proven PRL-secreting adenomas are invariably associated with negative PRL responses to TRH and MCP.
The normalization of the prolactin regulation after surgery points toward the intrapituitary localization of the lesion associated with PRL-secreting adenomas.
STUDY ON THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF HUMAN PROLACTIN RESPONSE TO SULPIRIDE, BENSERAZIDE, INSULIN HYPOGLYCAEMIA AND ARGININE INFUSION
Authors: Pontiroli Antonio E. , Gala Richard R. , Pellicciotta Gabriele , De Pasqua Anna , Girardi Anna M. , Pozza Guido 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the spontaneous variability of prolactin (PRL) release in response to various stimuli applied repeatedly on different occasions, groups of 5 to 12 subjects each underwent consecutive identical tests with one of the following stimuli applied at 3–6 days' intervals: sulpiride (100 mg im), benserazide (50 mg po), insulin hypoglycaemia (0.1 U/kg b. w. iv) and arginine infusion (25 g iv in 30 min). When repeated in the same subjects, arginine and benserazide yielded superimposable results. In contrast to this, insulin hypoglycaemia yielded significantly lower PRL release, while the PRL response to the second sulpiride test was significantly higher than to the first one. When an interval of 10 days was left between two consecutive sulpiride tests, an identical PRL release was observed. These results indicate that arginine and benserazide are reproducible tests for PRL secretion and it is possible that the decreasing effect of insulin hypoglycaemia on PRL release is due to the stressful effect of the stimulus. Finally, sulpiride probably enhances both PRL release and synthesis thus making greater amounts of PRL available to a subsequent stimulus. Since some of the above stimuli are usual tools for the study of the neuroendocrine control of PRL secretion, our findings suggest that caution appears necessary in attributing to any (neuroactive) drug an effect which might be merely due to a lack of reproducibility of the stimulus employed.
OSTEOPOROSIS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM ESTIMATED BY PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY
Authors: Linde J. , Friis Th. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The degree of osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism before and during treatment with carbimazole was studied by photon absorption technique of the right forearm and calcaneus.
In addition serum total calcium, serum ionized calcium, serum phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase were determined.
A group of 96 patients suffering from untreated hyperthyroidism (85 women and 11 men) was studied (79 of these patients were also followed during treatment) and compared to a control group of 157 persons (107 women and 50 men).
The women were divided into two groups: ≤ 45 years old and more than 45 years old.
In all groups untreated hyperthyroid patients showed lower bone densities compared to the control group, but this was only significant in women. During treatment all groups showed a significant increase in density. After 3–6 months of treatment bone density in the calcaneus increased 12 % and in the forearm 1.5 %; after 6 months – 3 years 33 % and 31 %, respectively. At that time bone density was normalized.
There was no correlation between bone density in hyperthyroid patients and duration and severity of the disease.
The biochemical changes were characterised by increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (26 %), serum total calcium (16 %) and serum ionized calcium concentration (17 %) in cases of untreated hyperthyroidism. Serum phosphorus concentration did not change. A correlation was found between elevation of the alkaline phosphatase and decreased bone density.
TESTICULAR ACTIVITY IN CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: McKenna Terence J. , Lorber Daniel , Lacroix Andre , Rabin David 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma testosterone levels were suppressed in 6 of 8 mature male patients with Cushing's disease, all of whom complained of loss of libido and decreased sexual potency. Gonadotrophin levels, both under basal conditions and in response to LH-RH, were generally normal. The testicular response to stimulation with hCG was brisk in the 2 patients examined. Oestradiol levels were slightly elevated in 2 patients and prolactin levels were normal in all patients. Thus, male patients with Cushing's disease demonstrated normal gonadotrophin levels in the presence of suppressed testosterone, or, viewed from a slightly different prospect, low testosterone levels despite normal gonadotrophins. Neither oestradiol nor prolactin excess appeared to account for the observations. Possible explanations for these findings include (a) a combination of impaired hypothalamic and testicular function, and (b) a resetting downwards of the level of testosterone that is seen as appropriate by the disordered hypothalamic-pituitary unit. Following correction of cortisol excess in Cushing's disease, testosterone levels rose into the normal range.
INHIBITORY EFFECTS ON GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION AND GONADAL FUNCTION IN MEN DURING CHRONIC TREATMENT WITH A POTENT STIMULATORY LUTEINIZING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE ANALOGUE
Authors: Bergquist Christer , Nillius Sven Johan , Bergh Torbjörn , Skarin Göran , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Long-term treatment with the potent and long-acting stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was given to 4 healthy men to study its effects on pituitary gonadotrophin secretion and gonadal function. Five μg of the LRH agonist was self-administered sc once daily over 17 weeks. Weekly basal blood samples were obtained for determination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone. The gonadotrophin responses to the LRH analogue were also determined during the treatment period. LRH tests were performed after treatment. Seminal fluid specimens were collected during and after treatment.
A reduction of the basal serum gonadotrophin and testosterone levels were observed during the treatment period. The FSH and LH responses to the analogue were also diminished. After discontinuation of treatment the gonadotrophin and testosterone concentrations returned to pre-treatment levels within a week. The PRL levels and the seminal fluid specimens did not show any significant changes during the study period. The results suggest that chronic treatment with D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH has an inhibitory effect on the pituitary gonadotrophin secretion in healthy men. It seems likely that the reduced testosterone level is secondary to the diminished gonadotrophin secretion.
DEPLETION OF COLLOID 27S AND LARGER THYROID IODOPROTEINS FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Authors: Smeds S. , Anderberg B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of a micropuncture technique and microgel electrophoresis the luminal content of single rat thyroid follicles were analysed during PTU treatment for 4 weeks. The relative amount of aggregates of thyroglobulin (i. e. the 27S iodoprotein and larger complex) was reduced from 15 per cent to approximately 3 per cent after 48 h. The aggregates were practically absent after 2 weeks. The thyroglobulin fraction was the predominant colloid constituent. The protein concentration of the colloid was not changed at the end of the period of PTU treatment (8.9 g/100 ml). It is concluded that PTU inhibits the aggregation of thyroglobulin to a larger complex. The results further indicate that the aggregates of thyroglobulin are preferentially localized to the periphery of the lumen in the larger follicles.
CORTICOSTERONE SECRETING ADRENAL CARCINOMA AND EMPTY SELLA TURCICA: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Krølner Bjørn , Larsen Steen , Nielsen Meta Damkjær 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary adenoma was suspected in a woman of 74 with hypercorticism, hypokalaemic alkalosis and radiographically enlarged sella turcica. However, non-suppressibility of steroid excretion by high-dose dexamethasone and low plasma concentration of ACTH suggested adrenal tumour. Detailed analysis of urinary steroid excretions demonstrated unusually large amounts of corticosterone metabolites, 14.6 mg/24 h compared to a mean normal value of 0.5 mg. The basal levels of the remaining pituitary hormones were unremarkable.
The patient died incidentally before a planned adrenalectomy. The autopsy disclosed an adrenal carcinoma and an empty sella turcica. The enlarged pituitary fossa was lined by a narrow rim of histological normal pituitary tissue.
EFFECT OF TWO PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS, INDOMETHACIN AND ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, ON PLASMA ACTH AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN MAN
Authors: Cavagnini F. , Di Landro A. , Maraschini C. , Invitti C. , Pinto M. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of prostaglandins (PG) in the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in normal volunteers. Acute oral administration of 100 mg indomethacin (ID) or 1.5 g acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) did not alter ACTH and cortisol plasma levels. Administration of 300 mg daily ID for 4 days delayed the onset, but increased the magnitude, of the response of ACTH to insulin hypoglycaemia, while it blunted the cortisol response. Administration of 3.2 g ASA daily depressed ACTH response to hypoglycaemia leaving the cortisol response unchanged, except for a 15 min delay in onset. These results are interpreted assuming that ID and ASA chiefly acted at the pituitary and hypothalamic level, respectively, and that ID, but not ASA, interfered with adrenocortical cortisol production. Our findings support the concept, based on animal studies, that PG enhance hypothalamic CRF release and adrenocortical steroidogenesis and may restrain ACTH secretion in the pituitary.
DYNAMIC CHANGES IN HYPOTHALAMIC LH-RH LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OVARIAN STEROID-INDUCED GONADOTROPHIN SURGE
Authors: Kalra Satya P. , Kalra Pushpa S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pro-oestrous-type LH surges were induced by treating ovariectomized rats (day 0) with either oestradiol benzoate (OeB, 40 μg/rat) or oestrogen (10 μg/rat followed by progesterone (4 mg/rat, day 2, OeBP). To characterize the temporal changes associated with the LH surge on day 2, LH-RH levels in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and the pre-optic area (POA) were analyzed by RIA in rats sacrified at hourly intervals between 10.00–19.00 h. Following these treatments the LH-RH content of POA fluctuated somewhat but no definite pattern was observed. In OeB rats, the MBH LH-RH levels were unchanged through the initial LH surge period (13.00–15.00 h) declining significantly, as in the OeBP group, near the end of the surge period (19.00 h). However, in OeBP rats, the MBH LH-RH contents decreased at 14.00 h and these were followed by markedly elevated levels between 15.00–17.00 h coincident with maximal increments in serum LH. The OeBP group alone showed a surge of serum FSH.
SUPPRESSION OF PROLACTIN SECRETION BY LISURIDE THROUGHOUT THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND IN HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC MENSTRUAL DISORDERS
Authors: Bohnet H. G. , Hanker J. P. , Horowski R. , Wickings E. J. , Schneider H. P. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Normally menstruating volunteers as well as patients with hyperprolactinaemic menstrual disorders were treated with lisuride hydrogen maleate (200 μg b.i.d.), an ergoline derivative with dopaminergic properties. Within 3 h after an oral dose of 200 μg lisuride, PRL levels decreased significantly in all subjects to a plateau which lasted up to 3 h. Thereafter a gradual increase of serum PRL was noted.
In the normally menstruating volunteers lisuride treatment did not result in any significant change of gonadotrophin or of sex steroid secretion, while both, basal as well as metoclopramide (MTCL) stimulated PRL release were significantly diminished. The inhibition of PRL secretion in patients with short luteal phases resulted in an increase of luteal progesterone output. In both treated groups ovulation occurred 1 to 5 days earlier in cycles on lisuride than in control cycles. LH-RH/MTCL tests performed in the patient bearing a pituitary prolactinoma before and after lisuride treatment revealed a continuous increase of pituitary LH pools, while PRL secretion decreased under lisuride therapy. Subsequently ovulation and menstruation occurred.
The data presented demonstrate that lisuride is a potent inhibitor of PRL secretion and has proven its clinical usefulness for treatment of hyperprolactinaemic menstrual disorders. Application of lisuride resulted in an increase of luteal progesterone secretion in previously demonstrated corpus luteum insufficiency as well as in restoration of normal cyclical feedback mechanisms in tumorous hyperprolactinaemic anovulation. The MTCL-PRL stimulation test is suitable to monitor PRL suppression during lisuride treatment, while LH-RH testing reveals the effectiveness of lisuride by demonstrating an increase of pituitary gonadotrophin pools.