bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Bartholin gland carcinoma: a report of seven cases
Authors: Obermalr Andreas , Roller Susanne , Crandon Alexander J , Perrin Lewis , Nicklin James L 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThis study reviews our experience with 7 patients with primary Bartholin gland cancer (BGC) treated at the Queensland Gynaecological Cancer Centre (QCGC) and compares this with previously published data.A retrospective clinicopathologic review of all patients with primary BGC treated at QCGC from 1988 to 2000 was performed. Of the 7 patients treated, all underwent primary surgery and 5 of the 7 patients received radiotherapy postoperatively.All patients presented with a local swelling or a lump. Two had associated discharge and 2 had associated pain. Of the 7 patients, 2,3 and 2 respectively were classified as having Stage IB, II or III disease. Five of the 7 patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), one had adenoid‐cystic carcinoma and 1 had a small‐cell neuroendocrine cancer of the Bartholingland. None of the patients with SCC developed recurrent disease. The patient with adenoid‐cystic carcinoma experienced local recurrences at 4 years and again at 5 years and 3 months. Nine years after primary treatment she was diagnosed with pulmonary metastases. The patient with small‐cell neuroendocrine cancer of the Bartholin gland was considered tumour‐free after operation. Thorough imaging, including a CT scan of her chest, abdomen and pelvis showed no evidence of disease. She died 1 year and three months after diagnosis from disseminated pulmonary disease.We present the first report of small cell neuroendocrine cancer of the Bartholin gland. Therapeutic principles in the management of vulval cancer at other sites appear to be appropriate for management of BGC.
Attitudes of patients towards the involvement of medical students in their intrapartum obstetric care
Authors: Grasby Devlka , Quinlivan Julie A 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYData investigating patients' attitudes towards and expectations of medical students in an obstetric setting are limited. We have examined the attitudes of pregnant women towards the involvement of medical students in their intrapartum care. Ethics committee approval and informed patient consent were obtained. A survey of 203 antenatal patients was performed. Chi‐squared tests were applied to discrete and Student's t‐test to continuous data.Only 62% of antenatal patients were prepared to accept medical student participation in their intrapartum care, although 84% agreed that participation was important for student education. Of note, only 43% of patients were prepared to have a male medical student involved in their care. Only 54% of patients correctly identified that the description medical student referred to a doctor in training, others defining it to include nurses, midwives and other hospital staff in training.If increasing numbers of patients decline medical student participation in their intrapartum care, then alternative teaching strategies may be required. Medical educators need to ensure that patients are aware of the role of medical students in order to gain informed consent from patients for student participation in their care.
Vaginal adenosis with adenocarcinoma in situ in a woman with no recognised antecedent factors
Authors: Charlton A , Kirker JA , Robertson AK , Jones RW 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYWe present a case of vaginal adenosis with adenocarcinoma in situ in a woman with no recognised antecedent factors. This case demonstrates the importance of continuing thorough colposcopic assessment of the entire lower genital tract with repeated biopsies of all abnormal epithelium in women with persistent or recurrent cervical cytology abnormalities. Successful management requires accurate definition of the vaginal lesion.
The safety and effectiveness of a new hysteroscopic method for permanent birth control: results of the first EssureTM pbc clinical study
Authors: Kerin JF , Carignan CS , Cher D 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARY Background: Current methods of female surgical sterilisation require incisional surgery, general anaesthesia and a prolonged recovery time. We studied the safety and effectiveness of Essure pbc, a minimally invasive, transcervically placed micro‐insert that occludes the Fallopian tubes, resulting in permanent female contraception. Device under study: The Essure pbc implant is a dynamically expanding micro‐insert which is placed in the proximal section of the Fallopian tube using a modified minimal access technology for cannulating the tube. Study population: Women aged 21–43 seeking permanent birth control. Methodology: Essure pbc micro‐inserts were inserted into the proximal portion of the Fallopian tubes under hysteroscopic visualisation with intravenous sedation or paracervical block. Results: Bilateral device placement was achieved in 111 of 130 (85%) women who underwent device placement attempts. Women found the device placement procedure to be highly acceptable. Of women wearing the device for up to two years rate. 97% rated it to be very good to excellent. There have been no pregnancies reported in 1894 woman‐months of effectiveness. Adverse events preventing women from relying on Essure pbc were < 5%. Discussion: This first clinical trial showed the Essure pbc method of permanent contraception to be safe and highly acceptable to women. Experience and improvements to the delivery system should increase overall micro‐insert placement rates.Conclusion: The Essure pbc method of permanent contraception is an exciting alternative to vasectomy or laparoscopic sterilisation that does not require general anaesthesia or incisions.
A systematic review of pregnancy outcome following preterm premature rupture of membranes at a previable gestational age
Authors: Dewan Holy , Morris Jonathan M 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYOur objective was to identify the maternal and fetal outcome following preterm premature rupture of membranes at a previable gestational age (less than 23 weeks).We conducted a systematic review to identify articles that assessed perinatal and maternal outcome of pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes in early weeks of gestation.Articles available in the electronic database (MEDLINE and EMBASE) from the year 1980 to 1999 were included in the review.The subjects were patients with rupture of membranes less than 23 weeks of gestation.Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts and finally 11 articles were eligible. Data were extracted separately from available sources within the articles. Data on individual subjects were extracted in eight studies whereas in three studies it was only possible to extract the data on divided gestational age groups.We found a live birth rate of 67% (95% CI: 60–73) in these groups of patients. The perinatal survival was 18% (95% CI: 11–28) and 17% (95% CI: 16–27) in less than 20 weeks and 20–23 weeks groups respectively Very little information could be extracted regarding perinatal morbidity. Respiratory distress syndrome was diagnosed to be the major morbidity among the surviving infants.The review illustrates how little good quality information is available for pregnancy outcome following PPROM at less than 23 weeks gestation. Although the survival prognosis of this group of patients is poor, the perinatal survival is approximately 21%.
Introducing external cephalic version to clinical practice
Authors: Karantanis Emmanuel , Alcock Deborah , Phelan Lorna K , Homer Caroline SE , Davis Gregory K 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYA service offering external cephalic version to all women with breech presentations at 36–38 weeks' gestation was introduced at St George Hospital in July 1997.This paper describes how this service was established and reports the clinical outcomes over the first three years; 116 external cephalic versions (ECV) were attempted on 114 women and success was achieved in 58 women (51%). Of the 58 women, 43 (74%) subsequently had vaginal deliveries. There were no fetal deaths, immediate Caesarean sections, or placental abruptions as a result of the ECV procedure. There were two (2%) episodes of transient fetal bradycardia following ECV, both of which returned to normal with a subsequent normal neonatal outcome. Pre‐ and post‐ECV Kleihauer levels were collected with no increase in levels as a result of the ECV ECV is a procedure that can, and should, be provided as part of a public hospital service.
A protocol of selective antibiotic prophylaxis for Caesarean section based on risk factors
Authors: To William WK , Lau Winnie NT 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with increased risks of post Caesarean febrile morbidity from a retrospective epidemiological analysis, and to prospectively evaluate a protocol of selective antibiotic prophylaxis based on these risk factors. Caesarean section births over a three‐year period ‐ during which no antibiotic prophylaxis protocol was practised ‐ were reviewed. Risk factors for febrile morbidity were identified using both univariate and multivariate analysis. A protocol of selective antibiotic prophylaxis, incorporating the significant risk factors identified, was then evaluated prospectively over a nine‐month period. The incidence of febrile morbidity from the retrospective study was 16.9%. A logistic regression model, with febrile morbidity as the dependent variable, identified only the duration of labour over 10 hours as a significant factor. A protocol of antibiotic prophylaxis using intravenous ampicillin was then practised in the presence of these two factors. Evaluation of this protocol after nine months showed that the incidence of febrile morbidity was reduced significantly from 20% in those not given antibiotics to around 9.6% in those eligible for and given antibiotics. However, the overall incidence of febrile morbidity remained at around 16–18%.
The profile of substance‐using pregnant mothers and their newborns at a regional rural hospital in New South Wales
Authors: Richardson Rebecca , Bolisetty Srinivas , Ingall Christopher 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYWe conducted an audit study of identified substance‐using mothers and their neonates at Lismore Base Hospital in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales between January 1995 and December 1999. Women using marijuana and/or alcohol only were excluded. The average number of total births during the study period was 1363 per year. Forty‐nine mothers were identified as substance users with an incidence of seven per 1000 total births. Twenty‐three (47%) were methadone users, 14 (29%) methadone and intravenous heroin users, 11 (22%) heroin users, and one (2%) used amphetamines. Twenty‐seven (55%) had irregular antenatal visits. Forty‐one (89%) were hepatitis C positive.Forty‐seven neonates were live‐born and there were two stillbirths. Thirty‐seven (79%) required admission to the special care nursery, 40% of them for withdrawal alone. Twenty‐seven (55%) babies had neonatal withdrawal and 23 (49%) required medication for withdrawal. The incidence of substance abuse among the pregnant women in this region is ten times higher than the previously quoted figures in metropolitan areas of Australia.
Petrol sniffing in a pregnant Aboriginal population: a review of maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Dodd Jodie 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe study's aim was to determine if petrol sniffing during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes at the Alice Springs Hospital. The study design was a retrospective case note review.The subjects were Aboriginal women who delivered at the Alice Springs Hospital between July 1991 and September 1999 where petrol sniffing was identified on the discharge coding; 14 women with 21 pregnancies were identified.One hundred and eleven nulliparous Aboriginal women who delivered at hospital between July 1998 and June 1999, with singleton gestation in cephalic presentation, were identified from the birth register and used as the control group.We found that women identified as petrol sniffers during pregnancy presented later for antenatal care, had fewer antenatal visits, lower booking haemoglobin and weighed less at booking when compared with non‐petrol‐sniffing women.Women who sniffed petrol during pregnancy were more likely to have one or more sexually transmitted diseases identified during the pregnancy; to use other substances during pregnancy; to be colonised with group B Streptococcus; to have meconium stained liquor prior to delivery; and to have a stillbirth.Infants born to petrol‐sniffing mothers were more likely to have birthweight less than 2500 g; to have Apgar scores of less than 7 at 5 minutes; to require admission to the neonatal unit; and to be placed in foster care or for adoption.We concluded that the pregnancy complicated by petrol sniffing should be recognised as one at increased risk of adverse outcome, necessitating increased antenatal surveillance. However, as with other substances abused, it is extremely difficult to determine the role played by the substance per se. and that of the lifestyle associated with the abuse behaviour.
Saline infusion sonohysterogram as initial investigation of the endometrium and uterine cavity
Authors: Kraus PA , Boston RJ 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe results of 54 consecutive saline infusion sono‐hysterograms (SIS) are presented. Sonohysterogram, in conjunction with Pipelle endometrial sampling, was found to be a reliable and accurate method of initial investigation of the endometrium and uterine cavity with good correlation with other methods of investigation. It was well tolerated in an outpatient setting, saved two out of three of the women from needing a hysteroscopy and curettage, and yielded information beyond that available from hysteroscopy and curettage.
Trends in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in New South Wales between 1990–1998
Authors: Boufous Soufiane , Quartararo Maria , Mohsin Mohammed , Parker Jim 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYDuring the last three decades, ectopic pregnancy rates have increased considerably in different parts of the world including Australia. Recent reports, however, suggest that the incidence is decreasing or at least stabilising. An analysis of the New South Wales Inpatient Statistics Data collected during the period between 1990 and 1998 has shown a decline in the rate of ectopic pregnancy after 1993. Overall the rate decreased from 17.4 per 1000 births in 1990–1991 to 16.2 per 1000 births in 1997–1998. The decline was greater for women aged 35–44 years than for younger women. The findings are consistent with recent studies in other countries, which indicate slowing or the end of the previous upward trend in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy.
Transfusion rate associated with hysterectomy for benign disease
Authors: Otton GR , Mandapati S , Streatfeild KA , Hewson AD 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe transfusion rate associated with hysterectomy for benign disease is an indirect indicator of haemorrhage. It is used in quality assurance activities and is one measure of standard of care. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the transfusion rate for these operations in a tertiary referral hospital. In addition, it was considered that the information could be used in deciding the need for a routine preoperative group and save policy (G and S). The Blood Bank records of all women undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease from 1993–1998 were examined and the number of women transfused was recorded. A total of 1220 hysterectomies were performed. Of women having vaginal hysterectomies only 0.38% required transfusion compared with 2.18% for abdominal hysterectomies. These data suggest that there is no need for a strict policy of preoperative G and S for all patients. In addition, this information can be used as a benchmark when reviewing morbidity associated with hysterectomy and in particular when various methods of hysterectomy are compared.
Continuous versus cyclical transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on lipoprotein(a) and nitric oxide levels
Authors: Serin Ibrahim Serdar , Aygen Ercan M , Basbug Mustafa , Saraymen Recep , Narin Figen , Tayyar Mehmet 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYThe purpose of our study was to compare the effects of cyclical versus continuous transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy on lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and nitric oxide levels.The patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received transdermal 17‐ß oestradiol 50 μg/day for 21 days and the second group the same treatment on a continuous basis. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg/day orally) was added between the 14th and 25th days to each group. Lipoprotein (a) and nitric oxide levels were measured before the study and after six months. These values were compared using the Wilcoxon rank test within the groups and the unpaired t‐test between the groups.Lipoprotein (a) levels decreased significantly in each group at the sixth month (p < 0.05). When compared between the groups, the decrease of lipoprotein (a) levels in the second group was more prominent at the sixth month (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide levels increased in each group after six months (p < 0.05). No difference in nitric oxide levels was observed between the groups before and after the therapy (p > 0.05).Continuous transdermal estradiol had a better effect on lipoprotein (a) levels than cyclical therapy. The seven day pause in the 21‐day administration did not affect nitric oxide levels negatively after six months.
The young ‘elderly’ primipara revisited
Authors: Kraus PA , Hassan S 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYA 1970 analysis of labour ward data to determine whether primiparas in the 30 to 34 year age group should be considered ‘at risk’ due to age was repeated in 1997. Control groups were primiparas aged 20 to 23 and multiparas 2 and 3. Incidence of operative delivery, several other obstetric outcomes j and the condition of the infant at birth were compared in various age groups. Both studies showed that the 30 to 34 age group was at increased risk of operative delivery.
An uncommon cause of a destructive vulval lesion
Authors: van der Griend Benjamin , Rane Ajay , Green Eric 
Published: February 2008

SUMMARYWe present a case of a 39‐year‐old woman with a vulval lesion, which macroscopically looked consistent with a (ungating squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. However, further investigations demonstrated a less common cause for this presentation.
Regulation of phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase in a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa1
Authors: Boggetto Nicole , Gontero Brigitte , Maberly Stephen C. 
Published: February 2008

The regulation of phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was investigated in a freshwater pennate diatom, Asterionella formosa Hassall, and compared to the well‐studied chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dang. As has been reported for a marine centric diatom, in A. formosa, PRK was not regulated by reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT) apart from a weak induction in the presence of NADPH and DTT. However, NADPH‐GAPDH was strongly activated when reduced, in contrast to a previous report on a diatom. Surprisingly, it was inhibited by NADPH, unlike in C. reinhardtii, while NADH‐GAPDH was not affected. NADH‐GAPDH was also strongly activated by DTT in contrast to most other photosynthetic cells. In A. formosa, unlike C. reinhardtii, 1,3‐bisphosphoglycerate, the substrate of GAPDH, activated this enzyme, even in the absence of DTT, when using both NADH and NADPH as cofactors. Some of these kinetic behaviors are consistent with regulation by protein–protein interactions involving CP12, a small protein that links PRK and GAPDH in cyanobacteria, green algae, and higher plants. This conclusion was supported by immunodetection of CP12 in crude extracts of A. formosa, using antibodies raised against CP12 from C. reinhardtii. This is the first report of the existence of CP12 in a diatom, but CP12 may be a common feature of diatoms since a bioinformatic search suggested that it was also present in the Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal genome v3.0. Despite the presence of CP12, this work provides further support for the differential regulation of Calvin cycle enzymes in diatoms compared to green algae.
Molecular and morphologically distinct Scytosiphon species (Scytosiphonales, Phaeophyceae) display similar antioxidant capacities1
Authors: Contreras Loretto , Dennett Geraldine , Moenne Alejandra , Palma R. Eduardo , Correa Juan A. 
Published: February 2008

The taxonomic status of an alga with complanate thalli, occurring in central Chile and belonging to the genus Scytosiphon, was elucidated. Morphological and molecular features demonstrated that, in addition to the known and widespread constricted S. lomentaria (Lyngb.) Link that occurs along the Chilean coast, there is a Scytosiphon with complanate thalli that occurs only in central Chile—S. gracilis Kogame. Morphological analyses of this previously unreported complanate Scytosiphon showed thalli without constrictions, coherent plurilocular sporangia without ascocysts, and phaeophycean hairs arising from cortical cells. Furthermore, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions of the complanate Scytosiphon were 99.8% and 100% identical to those detected in S. gracilis from Korea. ITS‐based comparative analyses showed that complanate Scytosiphon grouped in a different clade than S. lomentaria and S. tenellus Kogame from various parts of the world, including Chilean species. Moreover, molecular analyses suggest the occurrence of two distinct ITS types of S. lomentaria in northern Chile, corresponding to the Korean and Greek types. On the other hand, biochemical analyses of copper‐induced antioxidant responses in S. gracilis and S. lomentaria showed an identical increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. These results suggest that copper tolerance might be a constitutive trait in these species of Scytosiphon.