bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women With Synchronous Primary Cancers of the Endometrium and Ovary: Do They Have Lynch Syndrome?
Authors: Soliman Pamela T. , Broaddus Russell R. , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Daniels Molly S. , Gonzalez Delia , Slomovitz Brian M. , Gershenson David M. , Lu Karen H. 
Published: December 2005

Purpose Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; HNPCC) is an autosomal-dominant cancer predisposition syndrome that increases risk for multiple cancers, including colon, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Revised Bethesda Criteria recommend that patients with two HNPCC-associated cancers undergo molecular evaluation to determine whether they have a mismatch repair (MMR) defect associated with HNPCC. The purpose of our study was to determine the likelihood of MMR defects (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1) in women with synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer. Patients and Methods Between 1989 and 2004, 102 women with synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers were identified; 59 patients had tumor blocks available for analysis. Patients were divided into risk groups based on family history: high (met Amsterdam criteria), medium (personal history or first-degree relative with an HNPCC-associated cancer), and low (all others). Protein expression for MSH2, MSH6, and MLH1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Microsatellite instability and MLH1 promoter methylation analyses were performed on a subset of cases. Results Median age was 50 years. Two patients met Amsterdam criteria for HNPCC. Five additional patients, all medium-risk, had molecular findings consistent with a germline mutation of either MSH2 or MLH1. None of the low-risk patients had molecular results consistent with a germline mutation. Conclusion Overall, 7% of women in our cohort met either clinical or molecular criteria for Lynch syndrome. All of these women had a prior history or a first-degree relative with an HNPCC-associated cancer. Limiting genetic evaluation to women with synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer who have a family history suggestive of HNPCC may appropriately identify women with Lynch syndrome.
Etoposide and Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Metastatic Good-Risk Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Kondagunta G. Varuni , Bacik Jennifer , Bajorin Dean , Dobrzynski Deborah , Sheinfeld Joel , Motzer Robert J. , Bosl George J. 
Published: December 2005

Purpose To assess response, overall survival, and relapse-free survival of patients with good-risk metastatic germ cell tumor (GCT) by International Germ Cell Consensus Classification Group (IGCCCG) criteria treated with four cycles of etoposide and cisplatin (EP). Patients and Methods Two hundred eighty-nine patients with IGCCCG good-risk GCT were treated with four cycles of EP. EP consisted of four cycles of etoposide 100 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 every 21 days. Results Two hundred eighty-two of 289 patients (98%) achieved a complete response; 269 (93%) responded to chemotherapy alone and 13 (5%) responded to chemotherapy plus surgical resection of viable disease (GCT other than mature teratoma). Seventeen (6%) experienced relapse, and nine (3%) died as a result of disease at a median follow-up of 7.7 years (range, 0.4 to 21.1 years). Sixty-two of 204 patients (30%) with nonseminoma had findings of teratoma or viable GCT at postchemotherapy surgery. Conclusion Four cycles of EP is a highly effective therapy for patients with good-risk GCT, with a high cure rate, low relapse rate, and little evidence of late relapse. Postchemotherapy surgery resection of residual disease remains an important aspect of treatment for these patients. Four cycles of EP is acceptable as a standard regimen for the treatment of good-risk metastatic GCT, and serves as an alternative to three cycles of bleomycin and etoposide before cisplatin.
MYC Amplification and Polysomy 8 in Chondrosarcoma: Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization, and Association With Outcome
Authors: Morrison Carl , Radmacher Michael , Mohammed Nehad , Suster David , Auer Herbert , Jones Susie , Riggenbach Judy , Kelbick Nicole , Bos Gary , Mayerson Joel 
Published: December 2005

Purpose To identify recurrent regions of genomic gain or loss in chondrosarcoma in a clinically relevant and statistically valid fashion. Materials and Methods Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) results of 15 frozen tumor samples of high-grade chondrosarcoma for chromosome 8 are presented. A separate subset of 116 cartilaginous tumors with outcome data was used for validation. Results Array CGH identified gain at 8q24.12-q24.13, the region of the MYC (c-Myc) oncogene, as a frequent change in high-grade chondrosarcoma. In the validation arm of 116 cartilaginous tumors, MYC was frequently amplified in G2 (15%), G3 (20%), and dedifferentiated (21%) chondrosarcomas. No amplification was identified in samples of enchondroma and grade 1 chondrosarcoma. In samples without MYC amplification, polysomy 8 was a frequent finding in grade 1 (18%), grade 2 (31%), grade 3 (80%), and dedifferentiated (29%) chondrosarcomas, but was not found in any samples of enchondroma. MYC protein expression was identified in all samples with amplification, but was also frequent in the remaining samples without amplification or polysomy 8. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival showed a statistically significant difference for patients with MYC amplification or polysomy 8 (P = .034). Univariate analysis involving Cox proportional hazards models showed that grade (P = .003), polysomy 8 (P = .045), and MYC amplification (P = .053) correlated with shorter overall survival. By multivariate analysis, grade of chondrosarcoma (P = .026) was the only factor to reach statistical significance. Conclusion MYC amplification and polysomy 8 can be used as markers of prognostic importance in chondrosarcoma. Molecular targeting of MYC expression may have therapeutic potential in the future for subsets of chondrosarcoma.
Should Elderly Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Be Offered Elderly-Specific Trials? Results of a Pooled Analysis From the North Central Cancer Treatment Group
Authors: Jatoi Aminah , Hillman Shauna , Stella Philip , Green Erin , Adjei Alex , Nair Suresh , Perez Edith , Amin Bipinkur , Schild Steven E. , Castillo Rene , Jett James R. 
Published: December 2005

Purpose To answer the question, “should elderly non–small-cell lung cancer patients be offered elderly-specific trials?” Patients and Methods The North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) performed a pooled analysis of elderly patients who participated in elderly-specific trials (required age ≥ 65 years) and age-unspecified trials (required age ≥ 18 years). Between 1998 and 2000, all NCCTG non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with incurable cancer, age ≥ 65 years, and receiving first-line chemotherapy were included. A total of 118 elderly patients participated in elderly-specific trials, and 108, in age-unspecified trials. Demographics and outcomes were compared based on trial type. Results The median age of elderly patients in elderly-specific trials was greater: median (range): 73 years (65 to 87) and 70 years (65 to 85), respectively (P < .001), as was the percentage older than 80 years: 17% and 3%, respectively (P = .0008). Median survival times were 232 and 302 days, respectively (P = .08). After adjustment for baseline age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score, cancer stage, and body mass index, this survival difference was not statistically significant (hazard ratio = 1.25; P = .16). Grade 3 or worse nonhematologic adverse event rates were greater in age-unspecified trials (81% v 57%, respectively; P < .001), as were grade 3 or worse hematologic events (68% v 10%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion Elderly patients in NSCLC elderly-specific trials suffered lower rates of severe adverse events with no statistically significant differences in survival. It seems that elderly-specific trials are providing quality care and helping to define optimal cancer therapy in the elderly, particularly among the “oldest of the old.”
Individualized Survival Curves Improve Satisfaction With Cancer Risk Management Decisions in Women With BRCA1/2 Mutations
Authors: Armstrong Katrina , Weber Barbara , Ubel Peter A. , Peters Nikki , Holmes John , Schwartz J. Sanford 
Published: December 2005

Purpose Women with BRCA1/2 mutations are faced with complex decisions about breast and ovarian cancer risk management. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a tailored decision support system (DSS) that provides individualized survival and cancer incidence curves specific to expected outcomes of alternative management strategies. Patients and Methods This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 32 women with BRCA1/2 mutations. Primary outcome measures were decision satisfaction, cancer anxiety, perceptions of cancer risk given alternative management strategies, and management decisions. Results Twenty-seven women completed a 6-week follow-up. Women in the intervention arm (n = 13) reported significantly higher decision satisfaction at follow-up than women in the control arm (n = 14; adjusted mean difference, 9.7; P < .0005). The effect of the DSS was greater among women with low cancer anxiety at baseline than women with high cancer anxiety at baseline (P = .01 for interaction). However, the DSS did not significantly alter cancer anxiety at follow-up, perceptions of cancer risk given alternative management strategies, or management decisions. Conclusion The presentation of individualized survival and incidence curves for alternative management options improves satisfaction about cancer risk management decisions among women with BRCA1/2 mutations without increasing anxiety or changing management decisions. The benefit of the DSS is greatest among women with relatively low cancer-related anxiety at baseline.
The Effects of Financial Risks on Inventory Policy
Authors: Berling Peter , Rosling Kaj 
Published: December 2005

The effect of financial risks on (R, Q) inventory policies is analyzed in a real options framework. Simple adjustments of the usual formulas for R and Q are suggested and tested. Stochastic demand and purchase costs are considered, both with known systematic (business-cycle-related) risk. The systematic risk of stochastic demand has typically a negligible effect on the optimal values of R and Q, although an improvement may be achieved by a simple adjustment of R. The systematic risk of the purchase price, c, has a significant effect on R and Q. The capital holding cost should be estimated as r · c, where r is the sum of the risk-free interest rate, the expected price decrease, and the risk premium associated with the systematic risk of c. For goods quoted on commodity exchanges, r may be estimated directly from the prices on forward contracts. Its size (and sign) varies considerably for different commodities.
Limb alignment in computer-assisted minimally-invasive unicompartmental knee replacement
Authors: Keene G. , Simpson D. , Kalairajah Y. 
Published: December 2005

Twenty patients underwent simultaneous bilateral medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Pre-operative hip-knee-ankle alignment and valgus stress radiographs were used to plan the desired post-operative alignment of the limb in accordance with established principles for unicompartmental arthroplasty. In each patient the planned alignment was the same for both knees. Overall, the mean planned post-operative alignment was to 2.3° of varus (0° to 5°). The side and starting order of surgery were randomised, using conventional instrumentation for one knee and computer-assisted surgery for the opposite side. The mean variation between the pre-operative plan and the achieved correction in the navigated and the non-navigated limb was 0.9° (sd 1.1; 0° to 4°) and 2.8° (sd 1.4; 1° to 7°), respectively. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, we found the difference in variation statistically significant (p < 0.001). Assessment of lower limb alignment in the non-navigated group revealed that 12 (60%) were within ± 2° of the pre-operative plan, compared to 17 (87%) of the navigated cases. Computer-assisted surgery significantly improves the post-operative alignment of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty compared to conventional techniques in patients undergoing bilateral simultaneous arthroplasty. Improved alignment after arthroplasty is associated with better function and increased longevity.
CT analysis of defects of the cement mantle and alignment of the stem
Authors: Scheerlinck T. , de Mey J. , Deklerck R. , Noble P. C. 
Published: December 2005

Using a modern cementing technique, we implanted 22 stereolithographic polymeric replicas of the Charnley-Kerboul stem in 11 pairs of human cadaver femora. On one side, the replicas were cemented line-to-line with the largest broach. On the other, one-size undersized replicas were used (radial difference, 0.89 mm sd 0.13). CT analysis showed that the line-to-line stems without distal centralisers were at least as well aligned and centered as undersized stems with a centraliser, but were surrounded by less cement and presented more areas of thin (< 2 mm) or deficient (< 1 mm) cement. These areas were located predominantly at the corners and in the middle and distal thirds of the stem. Nevertheless, in line-to-line stems, penetration of cement into cancellous bone resulted in a mean thickness of cement of 3.1 mm (sd 0.6) and only 6.2% of deficient and 26.4% of thin cement. In over 90% of these areas, the cement was directly supported by cortical bone or cortical bone with less than 1 mm of cancellous bone interposed. When Charnley-Kerboul stems are cemented line-to-line, good clinical results are observed because cement-deficient areas are limited and are frequently supported by cortical bone.
GDC's review of the dental specialist lists
Authors: Mulcahy Mike 
Published: December 2005

In January 2004 the education committee of the General Dental Council (GDC) established the Specialist Lists Review Group. In dentistry the concept of a specialist not necessarily becoming a consultant is well established. A whole cadre of specialists exists outside the hospital setting. The entry and exit of training is quality assured by the Faculty of Dental Surgery (FDS), through the requirement to possess MFDS for entry and through various examinations acting as markers of successful completion of training.
Preparing the country for another major terrorist event
Authors: Lloyd David , Yates David , Coats Tim 
Published: December 2005

The explosions in London on 7 July 2005 led to scenes of human and structural devastation not experienced since the second world war. The blast injuries that predominated were outside the experience of most contemporary emergency workers. Nevertheless, the general impression is that the response by the various emergency services seems to have been well organised and effective. However, there will no doubt also be lessons to be learned for the future. This successful response can be attributed to the level of disaster preparedness that has been developed in London (as in other parts of the country) following previous terrorist attacks and transport accidents; in addition, in the case of the emergency care of the injured there was the availability of medical expertise and facilities.
Synthesis, structure, and chemistry of selenium-containing four-membered rings
Authors: Block Eric , Dikarev Evgeny V. , Jin Jin , Li Bo , Petrukhina Marina A. , Zhang Shao-Zhong 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Recent chemistry of four-membered ring selenium compounds is reviewed followed by a summary of work in our laboratories in this area. 2-Thia-6-selenaspiro[3.3]heptane has been synthesized for the first time. X-ray structures for the latter compound as well as for 2,6-dithiaspiro[3.3]heptane and 2,6-diselenaspiro[3.3]heptane have been determined. These compounds are useful as "rigid-rod" ligands for coordination to transition-metal complexes.
New Territories for Anthropologists
Authors: DAGG ANNE INNIS 
Published: December 2005

Genetic Nature/Culture: Anthropology and Science beyond the Two‐Culture Divide. Alan H. Goodman, Deborah Heath, M. Susan Lindee, eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 328 pp. Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People. Joan Roughgarden. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 474 pp.
Relationship of Surgical Approach to Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Mahle William T. , Visconti Karen J. , Freier M. Catherin , Kanne Stephen M. , Hamilton William G. , Sharkey Angela M. , Chinnock Richard E. , Jenkins Kathy J. , Isquith Peter K. , Burns Thomas G. , Jenkins Pamela C. 
Published: December 2005

OBJECTIVE. Two strategies for surgical management are used for infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), primary heart transplantation and the Norwood procedure. We sought to determine how these 2 surgical approaches influence neurodevelopmental outcomes at school age.METHODS. A multicenter, cross-sectional study of neurodevelopmental outcomes among school-aged children (&gt;8 years of age) with HLHS was undertaken between July 2003 and September 2004. Four centers enrolled 48 subjects, of whom 47 completed neuropsychologic testing. Twenty-six subjects (55%) had undergone the Norwood procedure and 21 (45%) had undergone transplantation, with an intention-to-treat analysis. The mean age at testing was 12.4 ± 2.5 years. Evaluations included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration.RESULTS. The mean neurocognitive test results were significantly below population normative values. The mean full-scale IQ for the entire cohort was 86 ± 14. In a multivariate model, there was no association of surgical strategy with any measure of developmental outcome. A longer hospital stay, however, was associated significantly with lower verbal, performance, and full-scale IQ scores. Aortic valve atresia was associated with lower math achievement test scores.CONCLUSIONS. Neurodevelopmental deficits are prevalent among school-aged children with HLHS, regardless of surgical approach. Complications that result in prolonged hospitalization at the time of the initial operation are associated with neurodevelopmental status at school age.
Comparison of White Sucker Age Estimates from Scales, Pectoral Fin Rays, and Otoliths
Authors: Sylvester Ryan M. , Berry Charles R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The ages of 229 white suckers Catostomus commersonii from six drainages in the upper Missouri River basin were estimated from scales, pectoral fin ray sections, and lapilli otolith sections to evaluate the potential bias of age estimates between structures. Age estimates were compared by calculating the coefficient of variation, average percent error, percent agreement, and percent agreement within 1 year, as well as by constructing age bias plots. Overall, the relative precision of age estimates from pectoral fin rays and otoliths was higher than that of age estimates from scales and otoliths, but neither pair differed in precision from scales and fin rays. The relative precision of age estimates between pairs of structures was variable both within and among drainages, and few trends could be detected. The percent agreement between structures ranged from 50.0% to 93.8% among drainages, but 9 of 18 pairs had agreement rates greater than 70.0%. Percent agreement within 1 year was greater than 85.0% for all pairs of structures in all drainages. Age estimates from scales underestimated the age estimates from pectoral fin rays and otoliths beyond age 3, while pectoral fin rays only slightly underestimated ages from otoliths of fish older than age 6. We recommend sectioned lapilli otoliths for estimating the age of white suckers, especially if mature individuals are present in the population and lethal collection techniques are allowed. Pectoral fin ray sections are the best nonlethal structure for estimating the age of white suckers but may underestimate the ages of fish older than 5 years. Scales remain suitable for estimating the ages of immature fish, but their use is not recommended for mature fish. This information will allow fisheries managers and researchers to select the most appropriate structure for use in future age assessment studies of white suckers and other catostomid species.
Predicting Crappie Recruitment in Ohio Reservoirs with Spawning Stock Size, Larval Density, and Chlorophyll Concentrations
Authors: Bunnell David B. , Hale R. Scott , Vanni Michael J. , Stein Roy A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Stock–recruit models typically use only spawning stock size as a predictor of recruitment to a fishery. In this paper, however, we used spawning stock size as well as larval density and key environmental variables to predict recruitment of white crappies Pomoxis annularis and black crappies P. nigromaculatus, a genus notorious for variable recruitment. We sampled adults and recruits from 11 Ohio reservoirs and larvae from 9 reservoirs during 1998–2001. We sampled chlorophyll as an index of reservoir productivity and obtained daily estimates of water elevation to determine the impact of hydrology on recruitment. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) revealed that Ricker and Beverton–Holt stock–recruit models that included chlorophyll best explained the variation in larval density and age-2 recruits. Specifically, spawning stock catch per effort (CPE) and chlorophyll explained 63–64% of the variation in larval density. In turn, larval density and chlorophyll explained 43–49% of the variation in age-2 recruit CPE. Finally, spawning stock CPE and chlorophyll were the best predictors of recruit CPE (i.e., 74–86%). Although larval density and recruitment increased with chlorophyll, neither was related to seasonal water elevation. Also, the AIC generally did not distinguish between Ricker and Beverton–Holt models. From these relationships, we concluded that crappie recruitment can be limited by spawning stock CPE and larval production when spawning stock sizes are low (i.e., CPE &lt; 5 crappies/net-night). At higher levels of spawning stock sizes, spawning stock CPE and recruitment were less clearly related. To predict recruitment in Ohio reservoirs, managers should assess spawning stock CPE with trap nets and estimate chlorophyll concentrations. To increase crappie recruitment in reservoirs where recruitment is consistently poor, managers should use regulations to increase spawning stock size, which, in turn, should increase larval production and recruits to the fishery.