bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Burden and Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis: An Experience from a Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Vaidya Arun , Patra Partha Sarathi 
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:
Changing trends are observed in acute pancreatitis (AP); hence, this study was conducted to determine various etiologies, severity, complications, and outcome of AP.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on admitted 122 AP patients.

Results:
The male:female ratio was 1.77. The mean age was 34.11 ± 15.45 years. Various etiologies were alcohol seen in 26.2%, gallstones in 22.1%, postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 15.6%, pancreatic divisum in 4.9%, hypercalcemia in 0.8%, hypertriglyceridemia in 0.8%, viral in 0.8%, worm in 0.8%, and idiopathic in 32.8% of patients. Mild, moderately severe, and severe AP were seen in 46.7%, 36.1%, and 17.2% cases, respectively. Among local complications, peripancreatic collections were seen in 25.4%, pseudocyst or walled-off necrosis in 23.8%, ascites in 26.2%, pleural effusion in 23%, biliary obstruction in 4.9%, vascular thrombosis in 3.3%, intestinal obstruction in 3.3%, upper gastrointestinal bleed in 2.5%, and gastric outlet obstruction in 1.6% of patients. Total 27 patients had organ failure, out of which 6 had transient. Respiratory failure was the most common, followed by renal failure and circulatory failure. Percutaneous drainage was performed in 11 and endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage in 3 patients. Mortality rate was 6.6%.

Conclusions:
Common etiologies of AP were idiopathic, alcohol, biliary, and post-ERCP. Mortality was 6.6% attributed to respiratory failure in severe AP.
Morphometry and Significance of Collodiaphyseal Angle among Bini Tribe in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Okwuonu Uche Christiana , Yawson Emmanuel Olusola , Awoniran Paul Olugbemiga 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The collodiaphyseal angle (CDA) is an angle formed between the femoral neck and femoral shaft axes. It is a vital determinant of femoral neck fracture as narrower angle is often used as a predictor of stress fracture. It is also important in orthopedic treatment planning, especially hip replacement surgery.

Aim:
This study was carried out to evaluate the CDA values among the Bini tribe and elucidate its significance.

Methodology:
This study employed 200 anterior-posterior pelvic radiographs of the Bini tribe (100 males and 100 females) aged between 25 and 55 years obtained from selected radiological diagnostic centers in Benin City, Nigeria, after obtaining the Institutional Ethical Approval. They were used to evaluate the right and left CDA as an angle formed by intersection of the femoral neck and shaft axes and measured using the goniometer. Data were statistically analyzed using IBM-SPSS (version 20) with the mean, standard deviation, and range evaluated, and side and gender comparisons were done using t-test, and P < 0.05 was set as statistically significant level.

Results:
The average CDA was 135.56° ± 5.75° and 131.67° ± 6.15° in males and females, respectively. This angle showed significant gender differences bilaterally (P < 0.05). However, the bilateral differences in the CDA were not statistically significant among either male or female Binis (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The CDA can be employed as a morphometric indicator of sexual differences and for other clinical applications.
Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Prevalence of Acute Respiratory Viruses: Changes during the Pandemic
Authors: Lee Yonghee , Jang Tae Su , Kim Jae Kyung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have influenced the prevalence and seasonality of acute respiratory viral infections. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of all viruses causing acute viral respiratory infections before and after social distancing measures were lifted

Methods:
Cross-sectional study where outpatients and inpatients at Kyunghee University Hospital were examined. From January 2021 to December 2022, respiratory samples were analyzed using multiplex reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction

Results:
Of 3953 samples obtained, 412 (10.42%) were positive for acute respiratory viral infection, and 502 viruses were detected. The number of viral infections increased from 184 in 2021 to 318 in 2022. Human metapneumovirus was detected from August to November 2022. Human bocavirus (HBoV) was frequently detected from April to June 2021; however, in 2022, HBoV was frequently detected from July to October. Human parainfluenza virus 3 was rarely detected after its initial frequent detection from October to December 2021 but was continuously observed after frequent detection in September 2022. Co-infection occurred in 78 (18.9%) cases. The most common combination of simultaneous infections was human rhinovirus–HBoV (n = 30, 38.5%)

Conclusions:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection decreased significantly but increased in 2022 when measures were lifted. The prevalence and seasonality of respiratory viral infections have changed since the pandemic. Our findings contribute to the prediction of an effective response to changes in the prevalence of respiratory viruses.
Epidemiological and Financial Aspects of Hospitalizations for Bacterial Meningitis in Brazil
Authors: Oliva Isabela Oliveira , Xavier Ana Clara Santos , Chaves Hiara Francielly Carvalho , Moreira Luis Fernando Vasconcelos , Oliveira Marcos Vinicius Macedo de , Oliva Henrique Nunes Pereira 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Understanding the epidemiology and cost implications of acute bacterial meningitis is crucial for effective health planning, timely treatment implementation, and comprehensive patient support measures, as well as for determining appropriate hospital expenses. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of hospitalization cases for bacterial meningitis in Brazil from January 2008 to December 2019

Methods:
This is a descriptive ecological study that utilized the Hospital Information System of Brazil’s National Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) database. The variables included sex, region, age group, hospitalizations, deaths, lethality rate, and hospital service expenses. The data were tabulated to focus specifically on the epidemiological aspect of bacterial meningitis

Results:
During the study period, there were 20,207 hospitalizations for bacterial meningitis in Brazil. Men accounted for a higher number of cases, with 11,690 (57.67%), while women had a higher lethality rate of 10.64%. The Southeast region had the highest percentage of both hospitalizations (45.78%) and deaths (46.42%). Bacterial meningitis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in children under 5 years of age. Notably, the elderly and the Northeast region showed higher rates of lethality. The total expenditure on hospital services exceeded 43 million in Brazilian real, with the highest expenditure observed in 2019 and the lowest in 2011

Conclusion:
A higher prevalence of the disease was observed in males, in children under 1-year-old and in the southeast region. Hospital expenditures were found to be substantial and increasing over time, underscoring the significance of early diagnosis and the promotion of vaccination campaigns.
Sternoclavicular Tuberculosis: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Chandanwale Shirish Sahebrao , Raj Akshi , Singh Madhuri , Kundlia Aakriti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Extra pulmonary tuberculosis is on the rise worldwide, and younger patients, are females. And people from Asia and Africa are at high risk. Sternoclavicular TB is extremely rare, even in countries that have a high prevalence of TB. It can be in the absence of pulmonary TB. It has a varied clinical presentation. Painless chest wall swelling can be the presenting symptom of sternoclavicular diagnosis. Ultrasonography and high-resolution computed tomography can identify the nature of the lesion and the extent of bone involvement. Aspiration from the swelling or histopathology examination is mandatory for diagnosis. Caseous necrosis is diagnostic of TB. Detection of acid-fast bacilli in smears or tissue or molecular methods is required for definitive diagnosis. A high degree of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis. The treatment of thoracic TB is the subject of controversy. Anti-tubercular drugs are the mainstay of treatment. Surgical intervention is basically for flattening cold abscesses and removing infected tissue, including affected bones and cartilage.
A Curious Case of Black Limb in Tuberculosis
Authors: Balasundaran Pournami , Manoharan Heyma Krishna , Bhargava Jitendra Kishore , Arya Veerendra , Natarajan Gowtham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With a global burden of 10 million new cases per year, tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in developing countries like India, with an incidence of 2.69 million. With its varied presentations and huge infected numbers, TB continues to remain a dilemma to physicians. The incidence of peripheral gangrene in TB has been rarely reported. Presentation is mostly in the form of symmetrical peripheral gangrene related to sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Here, we present a case of 26-year-old male who presented as tubercular pyopneumothorax with peripheral gangrene involving a single limb.
Topical povidone-iodine ointment resulting in irritant contact dermatitis of the pinna in a 12-year-old boy
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dubey Debasmita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Povidone-iodine is widely used as an antiseptic and disinfectant. It is available in different forms such as aqueous solution, ointment, tincture, or foam. Povidone-iodine is the most commonly used antiseptic scrubbing solution before performing surgeries. The shortcomings of iodine preparation although rare, irritation to the skin is usually due to oxidative effects of topical iodine preparations such as irritant effects and short-lasting actions are not well known. Nevertheless, allergic contact dermatitis caused by povidone-iodine has not been widely documented in medical literature. In this instance, we present a case of an individual allergic to povidone-iodine who experienced a severe form of contact dermatitis on the pinna and surrounding area subsequent to its local application.
Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in adult female
Authors: Singh Guddi Rani , Singh Ayushi , Kumari Mamta , Sinha Neetu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
One percent of all lymphangiomas are retroperitoneal lymphangiomas, which are uncommon benign cystic lymphatic tumors. Lymphangioma mainly occurs in the age group of <2 years. This report describes retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in a 29-year-old female. She had a complaint of abdominal pain in the right lower region. The provisional diagnosis based on computed tomography scan was retroperitoneal mass. By en bloc, resection cyst was completely removed.
Ecopharmacovigilance: A new direction toward “One Health”
Authors: Dikshit Harihar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The “One Health concept” recognizes the interdependence and firmly relationship between human health, that of domestic and wild animals, plants, and the environment as a whole, including ecosystems. Pharmaceutical pollution affects the environment either directly or indirectly, posing a risk to human health and welfare. A tool that aids in the identification, assessment, comprehension, and mitigation of pharmaceutical adverse effects in the environment is referred to as ecopharmacovigilance (EPV). This can aid in the containment of pharmaceutical pollution. This narrative review explores the consequences of prolonged exposure to pharmaceutical pollutants on animals and plants, emphasizing potential impacts on human health; sources and ways of environmental contamination; methods of EPV and its prospective role in achieving the overarching goals of “One Health”.
Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of bone marrow edema of the knee
Authors: Hashad Marwa F.E. , Ali Fathy H. , Ahmed Abdullah H. , Matrawy Khaled A. , Ahmed Walid M. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Bone marrow edema (BME) has not been recognized as a significant pain generator or as a primary contributor to disease until recently. BME is characterized by a nonspecific pattern of ill-defined high signal intensity on short-tau inversion recovery and T2-weighted MRI and low signal intensity on T1-weighted images.

Objective
To assess the value of diffusion-weighted MRI in the diagnosis and evaluation of BME at the knee region.

Patients and methods
This study was conducted on 130 patients referred with clinical suspicion of knee edema with or without history of trauma. They were divided into group ‘A,’ with lesions less than 15 mm, and group ‘B,’ with lesions greater than 15 mm. Their ages ranged between 9 and 75 years, with a mean age of 42 years. There were 43 females and 87 males.

Results
Between groups A and B, we found that bone marrow lesions (BMLs) were approximately two times larger on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps than on fat-saturated (FS) proton density (PD)-weighted turbo spin echo images. The most important value of adding the ADC-derived maps in routine MRI examination of the knee is to show additional BMLs that only can be detected at the ADC maps but could not be detected at the FS PD. Approximately 27 more lesions in 27 patients and one patient with two more lesions were detected. These nonconcordant lesions accounted totally for 29 more BMLs.

Conclusion
MRI is the mainstay of diagnosis, staging, and management plan of knee traumatic and nontraumatic disorders. ADC maps are more sensitive than corresponding FS PD-weighted turbo spin echo images allowing for detection of significantly more and larger BMLs. In addition, they represent a valuable add-on in knee imaging protocols.
Role of multislice computed tomography and virtual bronchoscopy in evaluation of pulmonary masses
Authors: Ali Marwa R.A.R. , Abd-Elaziz Emam M. , ELNaggar Aliaa A. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Multidetector computed tomography-generated virtual bronchoscopy (VB) is a recent technical development that allows visualization of the lumen and wall of the trachea and proximal part of the bronchial tree. A dynamic image is produced that resembles what is seen with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB).

Patients and methods
This prospective study was conducted on 54 patients examined in National Cancer Institute, Radiology Department, between January 2017 and February 2020. All patients underwent both multidetector computed tomography and VB. We included patients with histologically proved lung cancer either by true-cut needle biopsy or FOB guidance. The local ethical committee had approved the study protocol, and the patients had given informed consent before the examinations.

Results
We detected 53 lesions by VB, whereas 56 bronchial lesions were detected by FOB. Two patients with findings of bronchial lesions on FOB had normal findings on VB. One patient had normal findings on both VB and FOB. Two patients with normal bronchial findings on FOB had a bronchial lesion according to VB (as the endobronchial masses were located distal to obstruction.

Conclusion
VB should be performed in cases with bronchial obstructing tumors owing to its ability to detect obstructive masses distal to high-grade stenosis and bypassing beyond the obstructing mass lesion to detect the distal changes beyond the tumor. Moreover, by adding multiplanar reformat (MPR), we can determine the extrabronchial part of bronchial mass and its actual size and can detect any other extrabronchial associated findings such as lymphadenopathies and metastases. Moreover, it can detect the etiology of the external compression and carinal widening.
Sacroiliac joint fusion
Authors: Fraig Mohamed E.E. , Farhoud Hesham M.E. , Elbehiry Hasan F. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion represents a unique area of orthopedic surgery with procedural literature dating to the early 1920s, showing limited innovation in either technique or hardware over the past 90 years. Recent improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of SIJ dysfunction warrant comparisons with older surgical techniques.

Aim and objectives
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SIJ fusion, whether open or minimally invasive, for the management of chronic low back pain.

Materials and methods
This was a systematic review and metaanalysis. The electronic databases up to June 2019 of ‘Pub med Medline,’ ‘EMbase,’ and ‘Google Scholar’ were explored using the combination of the following search terms: sacroiliac joint, fusion, arthrodesis, and back pain. We used different combinations of the following queries: sacroiliac joint AND (fusion OR arthrodesis) and back pain. A primary search of databases yielded 420 records. After duplicates removal, 228 potentially eligible articles were identified. A total of 21 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the final systematic review.

Results
Assessments of outcome were done by pain score, Oswestry Disability Index, Majeed score, and SF-36 Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) component scores changes before operation and after operation. Visual analog scale score was used by nine studies with mean pre operation value of 7.3, which decreased after operation to 2.8, and regarding Oswestry Disability Index score, it used by 12 studies, with mean preoperative score of 40.45, which improved postoperatively to 22.89.

Conclusion
SIJ fusion appears to be a satisfactory procedure for alleviating low back pain.
The value of maternal serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 as a predictor of preeclampsia
Authors: Tahaa Amira M. , Abd Raboub Iman B. , Abd Halim Hala W. 
Published: March 2024

Back
ground Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-induced cytokine and related to the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. It was expressed in the placentae of both normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.

Objective
To evaluate the value of GDF-15 as a predictor of preeclampsia and its correlation with the severity of the disease.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective study in which we enrolled a number of primigravidae at gestational age between 19 and 20 weeks. After complete and thorough history taking and examination in addition to basal ultrasound, serum blood samples were taken from all women and were frozen at −20°C for later assay. After Institutional Ethics Committee approval, antenatal care for all women till delivery was done. Women who developed preeclampsia, 40 of them, were chosen as the study group (group B), and 40 women who were passed the antenatal period without complications were included as the control group (group A).

Results
We found that serum levels of GDF-15 were higher in preeclamptic group than control group, and this reached a highly significant level. The mean±SD level of GDF-15 in the preeclamptic group was 383.42±130.67 versus 118.73±28.88 pg/ml in the control group (P=0.000). The more the severity of preeclampsia, the higher GDF-15 level, with the highest level being detected in severe–early preeclampsia.

Conclusion
GDF-15 is increased in preeclampsia than normal physiological pregnancy, with the highest level detected in severe–early preeclampsia.
The effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on motor development and its relation to the pattern of feeding in early infancy
Authors: Abdel Salam Seham H. , Menazie Esaad M. , Elhady Marwa , El Attar Shahinaz 
Published: March 2024

Background
Infant feeding is a modifiable health behavior that has long-term effect on various aspects of infant's neurodevelopmental achievement. Neurotrophins are a family of proteins, especially nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that play a major role in the development, nutrition, growth, and maintenance of the neurons. Moreover, BDNF has a major role in axonal guidance, promoting growth of dendrites and dendritic spines, and in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, cardiometabolic, and autoimmune diseases.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding pattern in the first 6 months of life on BDNF serum level and motor development in early infancy.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study included 60 clinically healthy infants aged 6–12 months who were categorized according to their feeding pattern in the first 6 months of life into 30 breastfed and 30 formula-fed infants. BDNF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Denver developmental screening tests were assessed in relation to the feeding pattern.

Results
Infants with delayed achievement of motor milestones had significant lower level of BDNF than those with appropriate development. Breastfed infants had higher BDNF level (3.45±1.6 ng/ml) than formula-fed infants (1.98±1.30 ng/ml) (P<0.0001). Achievement of motor developmental milestone was significantly delayed in artificially fed than breastfed infant (43.3 vs. 16.7%) (P=0.02). Regression analysis demonstrated that BDNF is an independent predictor of motor development in early infancy.

Conclusion
BDNF is an important regulator of motor development in early infancy. Serum level of BDNF was higher; achievement of motor milestones was earlier in breastfed than formula-fed infants. Health programs encouraging exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life should be established. Efforts should be done to follow-up the motor development of artificially fed infant for early detection of any delay.
The clinical use of positron emission tomography–computed tomography in breast cancer management and follow-up
Authors: Maher Sayed Ahmed Ateya Hala , Abd-Elaziz Emam M. , Abd-Elfattah Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Breast cancer affects women of all ages, races, ethnicities, socioeconomic strata, and geographic locales. Once breast cancer is diagnosed, the tumor stage has to be accurately determined before therapy is chosen and the prognosis known.

Aim
Whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) improves staging of patients with breast cancer and significantly changes the therapeutic management of these patients.

Patients and methods
This study was carried out in Cairo Scan Radiology Center from March 2018 to September 2018 for 34 female patients. The age ranged from 37 to 79 years, and the mean age was 56 years. All data were acquired with a combined PET/CT in-line system.

Results
Combined 18-FDG PET/CT provides the ability to combine functional and morphologic information in a single study. So, combined PET/CT sensitivity was 98.11% compared with 81.7% for CT alone, with P value of combined PET/CT compared with CT alone being 0.002.

Conclusion
Combined 18-FDG PET/CT provides the ability to combine functional and morphologic information in a single study, thus becoming a powerful imaging modality for diagnosis and staging of breast cancer.