bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular neuroendocrine tumor in a 32‐year‐old man: A case report
Authors: Dehghaniathar Reza , Moradi Asaad , Emtiazi Nikoo 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageA 32‐year‐old male with painful scrotal swelling who underwent radical orchiectomy and was diagnosed with a testicular neuroendocrine tumor. Determining whether testicular neuroendocrine tumor is primary or metastasis from another origin is crucial.AbstractTesticular neuroendocrine tumors (TNET) are one of the rarest human neoplasms, with about 132 identified cases until 2015. Testicular neuroendocrine tumors are frequently manifest with painless scrotal swelling or mass. In this study, we present a 32‐year‐old male with a chief complaint of painful progressive swelling of the right testicle without any history of trauma. All laboratory tests were within the normal range. Ultrasound revealed two hyper‐vascular masses in the right testicle. Computed tomography was performed, and patients had no evidence of metastases. The patient underwent right radical orchiectomy, and a histopathological examination diagnosed the specimen with a well‐differentiated testicular neuroendocrine tumor. Because of the rarity of TNET, there are many controversial issues in the treatment, especially in cases with metastatic TNET. Determining whether testicular neuroendocrine tumor is primary or metastasis from another origin is crucial. Further studies are required to achieve optimum treatment for TNET.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Alkenylation of α‐Aryl Alkyl Nitriles
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Tao Zhonglin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA direct α‐alkenylation of nitrile compounds was realized with a palladium complex. This method exhibited excellent tolerance toward a variety of α‐aryl alkyl nitriles and vinyl bromides, leading to the formation of a series of α‐quaternary nitriles containing vinyl groups. Further manipulations of the obtained products were demonstrated, highlighting the potential synthetic utility of this method.
Photochemical Carbocatalysis: Fullerene‐, Carbon Nanotube‐ or Graphene‐Based Metal‐Free Photocatalysts for Organic Transformations
Authors: Chronopoulos Demetrios D. , Otyepka Michal , Kokotos Christoforos G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSynthetic photochemistry is a research field, where organic transformations are promoted by the presence of photoactive species, under light irradiation. In particular, the sub‐field of photoorganocatalysis, where organic molecules are used as photocatalysts, has been launched as a “green” and sustainable approach. Carbon allotrope nanostructures (CANs) and their derivatives exhibit unique photophysical and photochemical properties, which have been exploited for the preparation of efficient metal‐free and sustainable photocatalytic systems. This review summarizes the progress on the field of photochemical carbocatalysis, presenting the achievements by fullerene‐, carbon nanotube‐ and graphene‐based nanomaterials. Additionally, future prospects for CAN‐based nanomaterials as photochemical promoters for organic transformations are also mentioned.
Integrating theory with the nanoreactor concept to synthesize hollow carbon sphere‐encapsulated PtNi alloys for enhanced H2 generation
Authors: Wu Yufeng , Song Minwei , Zhao Ziyi , Wang Guang‐Hui , Wang Changlong , Astruc Didier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rational design of efficient bimetallic nanoparticle (NP) catalysts is challenging due to the lack of theoretical understanding of active components and insights into the mechanisms of a specific reaction. Here, we report the rational design of nanoreactors comprising hollow carbon sphere‐confined PtNi bimetallic NPs (PtNi@HCS) as highly efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation via ammonia borane hydrolysis in water. Using both density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, the effects of an active PtNi combination and the critical synergistic role of a hollow carbon shell on the molecule diffusion adsorption behaviors are explored. Kinetic isotope effects and theoretical calculations allow the clarification of the mechanism, with oxidative addition of an O–H bond of water to the catalyst surface being the rate‐determining step. The remarkable catalytic activity of the PtNi@HCS nanoreactor was also utilized for successful tandem catalytic hydrogenation reactions, using in situ‐generated H2 from ammonia borane with high efficiency. The concerted design, theoretical calculations, and experimental work presented here shed light on the rational elaboration of efficient nanocatalysts and contribute to the establishment of a circular carbon economy using green hydrogen.
Highly Stable Self‐Regenerating Organic Multi‐Redox Systems derived from Bicyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes (BICAACs)
Authors: Das Arpan , Saha Sukanta , Maji Subir , Sarkar Pallavi , Jose Anex , Bhatt Madhur Mahesh , Bhunia Anup , Dutta Arnab , Pati Swapan K. , Mandal Swadhin K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn extended class of organic multi‐redox systems was derived from bicyclic(alkyl)amino carbenes (BICAACs). The highly‐conjugated system undergoes a total of 4 redox events spanning a 1.8 V redox range. These organic compounds exhibited four different stable redox states (dication, radical cation, neutral and radical anion), and all of them were characterized either by single crystal X‐ray study and/or various spectroscopic studies. Three of the four redox states are stable to air and moisture. The availability of stable multiple redox states demonstrated promise towards their efficacy in the symmetric H‐cell charge/discharge cycling. Among various redox states, the dication/neutral state works efficiently and continuously for 1500 cycles in 2e− charge/discharge process outside glovebox in commercially available DMF with minimum capacity loss (retaining nearly 90 % Coulombic efficiency). Surprisingly, the efficiency of the redox cycle was retained even if the system was exposed to air for 30 days when it slowly regenerated to the initial deep blue radical cation, and it exhibited another 100 charge/discharge cycles with a minimal capacity loss. Such a stable H‐cell cycling ability is not well known among organic molecule‐based systems.
Synthesis and Isolation of a Homochiral Nanohoop Composed of a Tröger's Base and Hexaparaphenylene
Authors: Yoshigoe Yusuke , Shimada Hirotaka , Takaki Takuya , Imai Yoshitane , Saito Shinich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Yusuke Yoshigoe, Hirotaka Shimada, and Shinichi Saito at the Tokyo University of Science, and Takuya Takaki and Yoshitane Imai at Kindai University. The image depicts a witch with a racemic pair of our nanohoops, TB[6]CPPs, chanting words shown in the font of a magical world. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202304059.
Targeting HER2/HER3 co‐mutations in metastatic breast cancer: Case reports of exceptional responders to trastuzumab and pertuzumab therapy
Authors: Blas Page E. , Rodriguez Esther San Roman , Williams Heather L. , Levin Maren K. , Bell Joshua S. K. , Pierobon Mariaelena , Barrett Alexander S. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , O'Shaughnessy Joyce A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundOverexpression of HER2 plays an important role in cancer progression and is the target of multiple therapies in HER2‐positive breast cancer. Recent studies have also highlighted the presence of activating mutations in HER2, and HER3 that are predicted to enhance HER2 downstream pathway activation in a HER2‐dependent manner.MethodsIn this report, we present two exceptional responses in hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐nonamplified, HER2/HER3 co‐mutated metastatic breast cancer patients who were treated with the anti‐HER2‐directed monoclonal antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab.ResultsBoth patients acheived exceptional responses to treatment, suggesting that combined trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and endocrine therapy could be a highly effective therapy for these patients and our observations could help prioritize trastuzumab deruxtecan as an early therapeutic choice for patients whose cancers have activating mutations in HER2.
Cardiovascular Evaluation of Etrasimod, a Selective Sphingosine 1‐phosphate Receptor Modulator, in Healthy Adults: Results of a Randomized, Thorough QT/QTc Study
Authors: Darpo Borje , Connor Kalvin , Cabell Christopher H. , Grundy John S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEtrasimod is an investigational, once‐daily, oral, selective sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 1,4,5 modulator used as an oral treatment option for immune‐mediated inflammatory disorders. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled, parallel‐group, healthy adult study investigated etrasimod's effect on the QT interval and other electrocardiogram parameters. All participants received etrasimod‐matched placebo on day 1. Group A received once‐daily, multiple ascending doses of etrasimod (2‐4 mg) on days 1‐14 and moxifloxacin‐matched placebo on days 1 and 15. Group B received etrasimod‐matched placebo on days 1‐14 and either moxifloxacin 400 mg or moxifloxacin‐matched placebo on days 1 and 15. The primary analysis was a concentration‐QTc analysis using a corrected QT interval by Fridericia (QTcF). The etrasimod concentration‐QTc analysis predicted placebo‐corrected change from baseline QTcF (ΔΔQTcF) values and associated 90% confidence intervals remained <10 milliseconds over the observed etrasimod plasma concentration range (≤279 ng/mL). Etrasimod was associated with mild, transient, asymptomatic heart rate slowing that was most pronounced on day 1 (2 mg, first dose). The largest‐by‐time point mean placebo‐corrected changes in heart rate from time‐matched day −1 baseline (∆∆HR) on days 1, 7 (2 mg, last dose), and 14 (4 mg, last dose) were −15.1, −8.5, and −6.0 bpm, respectively. Etrasimod's effects on PR interval were small, with the largest least squares mean placebo‐corrected change from baseline in PR interval (∆∆PR) being 6.6 milliseconds. No episodes of atrioventricular block were observed. Thus, multiple ascending doses of etrasimod were not associated with clinically relevant QT/QTc effects in healthy adults and only had a mild, transient, and asymptomatic impact on heart rate.
High‐Dimensional Methods of Single‐Cell Microglial Profiling to Enhance Understanding of Neuropathological Disease
Authors: Spiteri Alanna G. , Pilkington Katherine R. , Wishart Claire L. , Macia Laurence , King Nicholas J.C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicroglia are the innate myeloid cells of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, functionally implicated in almost every defined neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder. Current understanding of disease pathogenesis for many neuropathologies is limited and/or lacks reliable diagnostic markers, vaccines, and treatments. With the increasing aging of society and rise in neurogenerative diseases, improving our understanding of their pathogenesis is essential. Analysis of microglia from murine disease models provides an investigative tool to unravel disease processes. In many neuropathologies, bone‐marrow‐derived monocytes are recruited to the CNS, adopting a phenotype similar to that of microglia. This significantly confounds the accurate identification of cell‐type‐specific functions and downstream therapeutic targeting. The increased capacity to analyze more phenotypic markers using spectral‐cytometry‐based technologies allows improved separation of microglia from monocyte‐derived cells. Full‐spectrum profiling enables enhanced marker resolution, time‐efficient analysis of >40 fluorescence parameters, and extraction of cellular autofluorescence parameters. Coupling this system with additional cytometric technologies, including cell sorting and high‐parameter imaging, can improve the understanding of microglial phenotypes in disease. To this end, we provide detailed, step‐by‐step protocols for the analysis of murine brain tissue by high‐parameter ex vivo cytometric analysis using the Aurora spectral cytometer (Cytek), including best practices for unmixing and autofluorescence extraction, cell sorting for single‐cell RNA analysis, and imaging mass cytometry. Together, this provides a toolkit for researchers to comprehensively investigate microglial disease processes at protein, RNA, and spatial levels for the identification of therapeutic targets in neuropathology. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Processing the mouse brain into a single‐cell suspension for microglia isolationBasic Protocol 2: Staining single‐cell mouse brain suspensions for microglial phenotyping by spectral cytometryBasic Protocol 3: Flow cytometric sorting of mouse microglia for ex vivo analysisBasic Protocol 4: Processing the mouse brain for imaging mass cytometry for spatial microglia analysis
Steady State and Time‐Dependent Fluorescent Peptide Assays for Protein Kinases
Authors: Sammons Rae M. , Devkota Ashwini K. , Kaoud Tamer S. , Warthaka Mangalika , Cho Eun Jeong , Dalby Kevin N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProtein kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of proteins most commonly on Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues and regulate many cellular events in eukaryotic cells, such as cell cycle progression, transcription, metabolism, and apoptosis. Protein kinases each have a conserved ATP‐binding site and one or more substrate‐binding site(s) that exhibit recognition features for different protein substrates. By bringing ATP and a substrate into proximity, each protein kinase can transfer the γ phosphate of the ATP molecule to a hydroxyl group of the target residue on the substrate. In such a way, signaling pathways downstream from the substrate can be regulated based on the phosphorylated versus dephosphorylated status of the substrate. Although there are a number of ways to assay the activity of protein kinases, most of them are technically cumbersome and/or are indirect or based on quenched reactions. This protocol describes an assay employing a fluorescent peptide substrate to detect phosphorylation by protein kinases in real time. The assay is based on the principle that the phosphorylation of the peptide substrate leads to an increase in the fluorescence emission intensity of an appended fluorophore. We extend the application of this assay to an example of how to assess time‐dependent covalent inhibition of kinases as well. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Measuring protein kinase activity using fluorescent peptidesAlternate Protocol: Measuring protein kinase activity using a fluorescence plate readerSupport Protocol: Labeling peptides with sox fluorophoreBasic Protocol 2: Measuring time‐dependent ATP‐competitive inhibition of protein kinases using fluorescent peptides
The Compatibility of COFs Cathode and Optimized Electrolyte for Ultra‐Long Lifetime Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Wei Yifan , Li Zhonglin , Liu Yongyao , Ji Zhenyu , Zou Shuixiang , Zhou Yuzhe , Yan Shuai , Chen Cheng , Wu Mingyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (RAZIBs) are attractive due to their affordability, safety, and eco‐friendliness. However, their potential is limited by the lack of high‐capacity cathodes and compatible electrolytes needed for reliable performance. Herein, we have presented a compatibility strategy for the development of a durable and long‐lasting RAZIBs. The covalent organic frameworks (COFs) based on anthraquinone (DAAQ‐COF) is created and utilized as the cathode, with zinc metal serving as the anode. The electrolyte is made up of an aqueous solution containing zinc salts at various concentrations. The COF cathode has been designed to be endowed with a rich array of redox‐active groups, enhancing its electrochemical properties. Meanwhile, the electrolyte is formulated using triflate anions, which have exhibited superiority over sulfate anions. This strategy lead to the development of an optimized COF cathode with fast charging capability, high Coulombic efficiency (nearly 100 %) and long‐term cyclability (retention rate of nearly 100 % at 1 A g−1 after 10000 cycles). Moreover, through experimental analysis, a co‐insertion mechanism involving Zn2+ and H+ in this cathode is discovered for the first time. These findings represent a promising path for the advancement of organic cathode materials in high‐performance and sustainable RAZIBs.
Carbohydrate antigen 125 concentrations across the ejection fraction spectrum in chronic heart failure: The EMPEROR programme
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Packer Milton , Sattar Naveed , Butler Javed , Pocock Stuart J. , Anker Stefan D. , Maldonado Sandra González , Panova‐Noeva Marina , Sumin Mikhail , Masson Serge , Zannad Faiez , Januzzi James L. 
Published: March 2024

AimVascular congestion may lead to an increase of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA‐125). The role of CA‐125 as a biomarker of congestion or for prognosis across the full ejection fraction (EF) spectrum of chronic heart failure (HF) remains unknown.Methods and resultsSerum CA‐125 was measured in 1111 study participants from the EMPEROR‐Reduced and EMPEROR‐Preserved trials. Congestive signs and symptoms were evaluated across CA‐125 tertiles. Cox regression was used to study the association with outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite of first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular (CV) death. No significant association was present between baseline CA‐125 levels and congestive signs or symptoms. In the overall population, higher CA‐125 levels were not associated with an increased risk of primary outcome (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: hazard ratio [HR] 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–1.96; p‐trend = 0.11). However, higher CA‐125 levels were associated with an increased risk of primary outcome in patients with HF and reduced EF (HFrEF; tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR 2.25 [95% CI 1.30–3.89]), but not among patients with preserved EF (HFpEF; tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.38–1.21]); interaction‐p = 0.02). Patients in the upper CA‐125 tertile also showed the steepest estimated glomerular filtration rate decline over time (p‐trend = 0.03). The effect of empagliflozin to reduce the risk of CV death or HF hospitalization appeared to be attenuated in those with lower baseline CA‐125 levels (interaction‐p‐trend = 0.09).ConclusionAcross the range of EF in patients with chronic HF enrolled in the EMPEROR trials, the majority of whom did not have clinical evidence of congestion, CA‐125 concentrations were not significantly associated with congestive signs or symptoms. CA‐125 concentrations may predict HF hospitalization/CV death in patients with HFrEF, but not those with HFpEF.Clinical Trial Registration: EMPEROR‐Reduced (NCT03057977), EMPEROR‐Preserved (NCT03057951).
Phytochemicals in recovered seed oils from by‐products of common quince (Cydonia oblonga) and Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica)
Authors: Górnaś Paweł , Rudzińska Magdalena , Ratusz Katarzyna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNearly 100% of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) and common quince (Cydonia oblonga) fruits are processed. It generates large amounts of seeds. One of the possible utilization of seeds is oil recovery. Seeds of both quinces were tested for their oil recovery using two methods—solvent‐free protocol by mechanical press and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) applying n‐hexane, and phytochemistry of obtained oils was studied. The oil yield was nearly twice higher from common quince than Japanese quince (20.9% and 11.2%, respectively) for UAE. Compared to UAE, screw‐pressed allowed for 67% oil recovery. In general, the phytochemical profile of both quince seed oils was similar with some differences in the content of individual compounds. The two quince seed oils were dominated by the same molecules in different compound groups: fatty acids—linoleic acid; tocochromanols—α‐tocopherol; phytosterols—β‐sitosterol, and triterpenoid—squalene. Common quince seed oil was richer in tocochromanols, squalene, and linoleic acid, whereas Japanese quince seed oil was richer in phytosterols. The present study showed the oil potential of fruit industry by‐products and the relatively high oil recovery by the environmentally friendly/healthy technique of extraction (solvent‐free) to achieve ultimately high‐quality products in a “Natural‐Safe‐Green” strategy.Practical applications: Production of fruit each year, especially those used for processing, for example, common quince (C. oblonga), has been increasing in recent years, likely, so has processing and amounts of generated by‐products, including seeds. To reduce the costs, CO2 emissions, and other environmental safety aspects of production, different techniques of plant oil recovery are considered. The extraction method affects oil yield as well as its phytochemical composition. The generated information in the present study can contribute to improved effectiveness of the use of plant material thereby providing environmental, health, and economic benefits.
Mechanical‐wear behavior and microstructure analysis of Al2214 alloy with B4C and graphite particles hybrid composites
Authors: Kambaiah Revanna , Suresh Ramappa , Nagaral Madeva , Auradi Virupaxi , Anjinappa Chandrashekar , Garse Komal , Pandhare Amar Pradeep , Wodajo Anteneh Wogasso 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present work, hybrid composites made of Al2214 alloy with B4C and graphite were produced by using a liquid metallurgical process. Al2214 alloy was utilized to create hybrid composites that had 1.5–6 wt% of B4C particles and a constant 3 wt% of graphite particles. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was done on the produced composites. The density, hardness, ultimate, yield strength, and elongation as a percentage were carried out using ASTM E8 for tensile and E10 standard for hardness test. The wear behavior of Al2214‐B4C and graphite composites was examined as per ASTM G99 standard using a wear testing device under a variety of loads and rotation speeds. Graphite and boron carbide particles were equally dispersed throughout the Al2214 alloy, according to SEM photographs. Graphite and B4C particles were detected in the Al2214 alloy by EDS and XRD analyses. The density of Al alloy composites was decreased by adding dual particles to the matrix. The Al2214 alloy's hardness, ultimate strength, yield strength, and wear resistance were all enhanced by the inclusion of dual particles, which increased these properties by 15.4%, 40.4%, and 46.7%, respectively. The presence of hybrid particles in the Al2214 alloy was revealed by EDS and XRD patterns. The density of Al alloy composites was decreased by adding dual particles to the matrix. Tensile force micrographs provided further evidence of the unique fracture behaviors shown by the Al2214 alloy and its composites. In order to examine the wear mechanisms and different morphologies of worn surfaces, scanning electron micrographs were taken.