bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐order global–regional model interaction: Extension of Carpenter's scheme
Authors: Mar‐Or Assaf , Givoli Dan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA two‐dimensional global–regional model interaction problem for linear time‐dependent waves is considered. The setup, which is sometimes called ‘one‐way nesting,’ arises in numerical weather prediction as well as in other fields concerning waves in very large domains. It involves the interaction of a coarse global model and a fine limited‐area (regional) model through an ‘open boundary.’ The multiscale nature of this general problem is described. The Carpenter scheme, originally proposed in a note by K. M. Carpenter in 1982 for this type of problem, is then revisited, in the context of the linear scalar wave equation. The original Carpenter scheme is based on the Sommerfeld radiation operator and thus is associated with low‐order accuracy. By replacing the Sommerfeld operator with the high‐order Hagstrom–Warburton absorbing operator, a modified Carpenter open‐boundary condition emerges, which possesses high‐order accuracy. This boundary condition is incorporated in a computational scheme, which uses finite element discretization in space and Newmark time‐stepping. Error analysis and numerical tests for wave guides demonstrate the performance of the modified scheme for combinations of incoming and outgoing waves. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spondylolysis in a pre‐contact San Francisco Bay population: behavioural and anatomical sex differences
Authors: Weiss E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSpondylolysis refers to a separation of the spinal body from the arch. Researchers have documented that these fractures occur due to stresses related to activities involving the lower limb and back. Spondylolysis in sacral and lumbar vertebrae of 146 (66 males, 66 females, 14 indeterminates) California Amerinds were examined to determine whether sex differences were present. Sacral anatomy (i.e. sacralisation and lumbarisation, sacral base angles, and superior facet morphology) was analysed in relation to spondylolysis and sex, to explore whether sex differences could be better explained through activity patterns or anatomical variation. Spondylolysis afflicted 24 individuals (16.4%). Males had more than twice the rate of spondylolysis than did females (26% and 11%, respectively). Activity patterns, such as thrusting and throwing shafted obsidian points, could explain the sex differences. Males were most frequently buried with obsidian point artefacts, whereas females were buried with mortar and pestles. For sacral anatomy, only males had lumbarisation, and all other anatomical variation had no significant sex differences. Lumbarisation related to spondylolysis in males. In this study, sacral anatomical variation could not fully account for sex differences in spondylolysis; activity patterns provided a better explanation. Nonetheless, anatomical variation may predispose males to spondylolysis, or spondylolysis may affect sacral anatomy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric oncology sedation trial (POST): A double‐blind randomized study
Authors: Nagel Kim , Willan Andrew R. , Lappan Janie , Korz Linda , Buckley Norman , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence to support the use of an anti‐emetic with the administration of intra‐thecal chemotherapy. Nor is there adequate clarity on analgesic strategies for children with cancer undergoing painful procedures.ProceduresA double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, factorial trial was performed in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing combined bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures during maintenance therapy. The study was designed to measure the effect of adding ondansetron and fentanyl to a standard combination of midazolam and propofol.ResultsDuring the first 12 hr following the procedures, patients experienced significantly less vomiting/retching and less disruption of activity while receiving ondansetron, and recorded significantly lower pain scores while receiving fentanyl.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the addition of an analgesic (fentanyl) and an anti‐emetic (ondansetron) to the combination of a sedative (midazolam) and an anesthetic (propofol) is of measurable benefit in children who undergo procedures that are painful and risk the consequence of nausea and vomiting. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:634–638. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung metastases in neuroblastoma at initial diagnosis: A report from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group (INRG) project
Authors: DuBois Steven G. , London Wendy B. , Zhang Yang , Matthay Katherine K. , Monclair Tom , Ambros Peter F. , Cohn Susan L. , Pearson Andrew , Diller Lisa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric solid cancer. Lung metastasis is rarely detected in children with newly diagnosed neuroblastoma. We aimed to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcome of patients with lung metastasis at initial diagnosis using a large international database.ProcedureThe subset of patients from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group database with INSS stage 4 neuroblastoma and known data regarding lung metastasis at diagnosis was selected for analysis. Clinical and biological characteristics were compared between patients with and without lung metastasis. Survival for patients with and without lung metastasis was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards methods were used to determine the independent prognostic value of lung metastasis at diagnosis.ResultsOf the 2,808 patients with INSS stage 4 neuroblastoma diagnosed between 1990 and 2002, 100 patients (3.6%) were reported to have lung metastasis at diagnosis. Lung metastasis was more common among patients with MYCN amplified tumors, adrenal primary tumors, or elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P < 0.02 in each case). Five‐year overall survival ± standard error for patients with lung metastasis was 34.5% ± 6.8% compared to 44.7% ± 1.3% for patients without lung metastasis (P = 0.0002). However, in multivariable analysis, the presence of lung metastasis was not independently predictive of outcome.ConclusionsLung metastasis at initial diagnosis of neuroblastoma is associated with MYCN amplification and elevated LDH levels. Although lung metastasis at diagnosis was not independently predictive of outcome in this analysis, it remains a useful prognostic marker of unfavorable outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:589–592. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of microarray‐based detection rates for cytogenetic abnormalities in prenatal and neonatal specimens
Authors: Shaffer Lisa G. , Coppinger Justine , Alliman Sarah , Torchia Beth A. , Theisen Aaron , Ballif Blake C. , Bejjani Bassem A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the detection rate by microarray analysis for chromosome abnormalities in a prenatal population to that of a neonatal population referred for diagnostic testing.MethodsArray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis was performed for 151 prenatal cases and compared with the results from 1375 postnatal cases less than 3 months of age.ResultsTwo of 151 prenatal cases (1.3%) showed a clinically significant cytogenetic abnormality. In contrast, of the 1375 postnatal cases studied, 11.4% showed a cytogenetic abnormality by aCGH. Many of these (40%) were referred for aCGH because of dysmorphic features, a clinical indication unlikely to be identified in the prenatal population.ConclusionsThe chance of detecting a chromosome abnormality in a prenatal population that has already been screened by routine cytogenetics is ∼1.3%. However, given that many of the abnormal array results in the neonatal population were among those with dysmorphic features as the primary indication for testing, which are not easily identifiable by ultrasound, offering prenatal testing by aCGH to a wider population would likely result in a higher detection rate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal properties of single walled carbon nanotube‐silicone nanocomposites
Authors: Xu Ju , Razeeb Kafil M. , Roy Saibal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fillers on the low temperature thermal properties and curing behavior of SWCNT‐silicone nanocomposite are reported for the first time. The SWCNT‐silicone composites were prepared by different mixing procedures and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solution mix, with the aid of sonication and soaking achieved better dispersion of SWCNTs in the silicone. The adding of SWCNTs in polymer seriously hindered the curing of silicone elastomer. The hindrance increased with increasing concentration of SWCNT and the quality of dispersion. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the nanocomposites were found to be independent of the SWCNT addition, although, the steps in the heat capacity (Δcp) of the glass transition were smaller with increasing SWCNTs concentration. The melt crystallization behavior was strongly dependent on the concentration and dispersion of SWCNT in the polymer. The cooling scan showed that the higher concentration and the better dispersion of SWCNTs in the silicone resulted in higher percentage of melt crystallization of this nanocomposite. The correlation of the change of thermal properties to the dispersion of CNT in polymer may be used to determine the quality of SWCNT dispersion in silicone polymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1845–1852, 2008
The phases of disclosing BRCA1/2 genetic information to offspring
Authors: Clarke Susan , Butler Kate , Esplen Mary Jane 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Women who carry a genetic mutation for hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (BRCA1 or BRCA2) are at high risk to develop cancer. A positive genetic test result also has implications for a BRCA1/2 carrier's offspring who each have a 50% chance of inheriting the mutation. The dissemination of BRCA1/2‐related information by carriers to offspring is not well understood. Our study examines the experiences of BRCA1/2 carriers in communicating genetic information to their offspring using a grounded theory approach.Methods: Qualitative data were obtained from a multi‐site group therapy trial for BRCA1/2 carriers with primary themes identified and coded using the constant comparison technique and verified by team members.Results: Female participants had a mean age of 45.4 years, 83% were married, 71% had children (ranging from ages 2 to 30 years) and 45.9% had a prior diagnosis of cancer. Dissemination of genetic information by BRCA1/2 carriers to their offspring was described as a process involving several distinct phases with specific challenges within each phase. Several themes were identified including dilemmas on ‘if’ and ‘when’ to disclose to offspring, concerns should offspring receive a positive test result for BRCA1/2, dilemmas around feeling a need to protect versus the need to inform, and women as being the primary communicators.Conclusion: These findings have implications for genetic counselling as well as follow‐up. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a group cognitive behavioural intervention for women suffering from menopausal symptoms following breast cancer treatment
Authors: Hunter Myra S. , Coventry Shirley , Hamed Hisham , Fentiman Ian , Grunfeld Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate a group cognitive behavioural intervention to alleviate menopausal symptoms in women who have had treatment for breast cancer.Methods: A single group design was used with pre‐ and post‐treatment assessment and a 3‐months follow‐up. Seventeen women who had completed active breast cancer treatment were treated. Following a 2‐week daily diary assessment they were offered 6 (90 min) weekly sessions of Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). The CBT included information and discussion, relaxation and paced breathing and CBT to reduce stress and manage hot flushes (HF), night sweats (NS) and sleep. The primary outcome measure was Hot Flush Frequency and Hot Flush Problem Rating; secondary outcomes included the Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) and health‐related quality of life (SF 36). Beliefs about HF were monitored in order to examine the effects of cognitive therapy.Results: HF and NS reduced significantly following treatment (38% reduction in frequency and 49% in problem rating) and improvements were maintained at 3 months follow‐up (49% reduction in frequency and 59% in problem rating). Depressed mood, anxiety and sleep (WHQ) significantly improved, as did aspects of quality of life (SF 36) (emotional role limitation, energy/vitality and mental health). There was a significant reduction in negative beliefs about HF, NS and sleep following CBT.Conclusions: These results suggest that CBT delivered in groups might offer a viable option for women with troublesome menopausal symptoms following breast cancer treatment, but further controlled trials are needed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear parameter varying control of wind turbines covering both partial load and full load conditions
Authors: Østergaard Kasper Zinck , Stoustrup Jakob , Brath Per 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper considers the design of linear parameter varying (LPV) controllers for wind turbines in order to obtain a multivariable control law that covers the entire nominal operating trajectory.The paper first presents a controller structure for selecting a proper operating trajectory as a function of estimated wind speed. The dynamic control law is based on LPV controller synthesis with general parameter dependency by gridding the parameter space.The controller construction can, for medium‐ to large‐scale systems, be difficult from a numerical point of view, because the involved matrix operations tend to be ill‐conditioned. The paper proposes a controller construction algorithm together with various remedies for improving the numerical conditioning the algorithm.The proposed algorithm is applied to the design of a LPV controller for wind turbines, and a comparison is made with a controller designed using classical techniques to conclude that an improvement in performance is obtained for the entire operating envelope. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer design with guaranteed RMS gain for discrete‐time LPV systems with Markovian jumps
Authors: Calafiore Giuseppe C. , Dabbene Fabrizio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of designing state observers with guaranteed power‐to‐power (RMS) gain for a class of stochastic discrete‐time linear systems that possess both measurable parameter variations and Markovian jumps in their dynamics. It is shown in the paper that an upper bound on the RMS gain of the observer can be characterized in terms of feasibility of a family of parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Any feasible solution to these LMIs can then be used to explicitly construct a parameter‐varying jump observer that guarantees the desired performance level. This design framework is then specialized to a problem of state estimation for a linear parameter‐varying plant whose state measurements are available through a lossy Bernoulli channel. Two numerical examples illustrate the results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teachers' collaborative inquiry and professional growth: Should we be optimistic?
Authors: Nelson Tamara Holmlund 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAs professional learning communities (PLCs) are proliferating as a form of teacher professional development, it is important to understand what “PLC work” is and how it impacts teacher learning. This article reports on secondary science and mathematics teachers' participation in PLCs and engagement in collaborative inquiry. The PLC provided a structure for coming together; their inquiry questions focused their attention on gaps between a shared vision for student learning and student achievement. Qualitative data from three in‐depth cases are analyzed in three categories: (1) collective activities, (2) questions raised, and (3) knowledge generated. The cases show different trajectories of teachers' PLC work and reveal the difficulties teachers had in asking critical questions about their practices. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 93: 548–580, 2009
The role of cardiac rehabilitation in influencing psychological outcomes
Authors: Worcester Marian U.C. , Le Grande Michael R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAnxiety and depression are common after acute cardiac events. They can have a major adverse impact upon outcomes, although past studies report conflicting results regarding the relationships between anxiety, depression and outcomes such as mortality. Depression has been shown to be associated with non‐adherence of patients. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes conducted during early convalescence provide a valuable opportunity to identify and support patients who experience anxiety and depression, and encourage adherence to advice. Clinical data support the positive effects upon patients' psychological outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation programmes offering group exercise, education and behavioural interventions. However, more rigorous research is required to confirm such benefits. Systematic screening of patients should be undertaken on entry to cardiac rehabilitation to identify high‐risk patients and to assist them. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspectives on spiritual development as part of youth development
Authors: Quinn Jane 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSpeaking to the issue of spiritual development from her extensive experience as a youth work practitioner, the author notes several ideas she finds particularly compelling, among them that spiritual development interacts with, yet is distinct from, moral and religious development; that spiritual development is a core construct of identity formation, one of the central tasks of adolescence; and that the spiritual dimensions of youth development relate not only to work with young people but also to motivations for engaging in this work. Engaging young people in the fundamental questions of life and being human is a task that belongs in both secular and religious settings.
Land use and drought interactively affect interspecific competition and species diversity at the local scale in a semiarid steppe ecosystem
Authors: Gao Y. Z. , Giese M. , Han X. G. , Wang D. L. , Zhou Z. Y. , Brueck H. , Lin S. , Taube F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFew studies have considered interactive effects of grazing and drought on species composition and the relative contribution of species to total biomass, although it is important to understand the short‐term dynamics and community succession in grazed ecosystems. We monitored species diversity and relative biomass contribution at one site protected from grazing since 1979 (UG79), and at winter grazing (WG) and heavily grazed (HG) sites. Continuous heavy grazing resulted in lower plant height and more but small individuals (tillers or stolons). Drought significantly reduced total plant density on all sites. Grazing affected species diversity more than drought. Species richness at site UG79 was significantly higher than at sites WG and HG, while drought only tended to reduce species diversity. Drought stress and grazing disturbance interactively controlled species competition and functional groups. Both perennial grasses and forbs had greater contribution to total biomass at site UG79, and perennial grasses contributed more than 97% of total biomass at site WG. The contribution to total biomass of annual forbs and semi‐shrubs significantly increased at site HG after two dry years. The significant decrease in Potentilla acaulis and a substantial increase in annual species at this site indicate that the perennial vegetation of this ecosystem is in great danger of extinction under conditions of prolonged drought.
Effects of Microwave Drying on Lipid Oxidation of Stuffed Pasta
Authors: De Pilli Teresa , Giuliani Roma , Derossi Antonio , Severini Carla 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the effects of conventional (hot air) and microwave drying on the lipid oxidation of stuffed pasta. Experiments were carried out on the pasta type ravioli dried by conventional and microwave treatments. Peroxide values and induction times were evaluated for the oil extracted from the stuffing. Peroxide values of the lipid extracts for the samples dried by conventional drying and microwave drying were similar (P‐level = 0.51) and less than threshold acceptable value (25 mequiv O2/kg oil). The use of microwave processing could be a remarkable energy saving measure as well as a way of lowering production costs without compromising product quality.
Age (K–Ar phengite)–temperature–structure relations: a case study from the Ishigaki high-pressure schist belt, southern Ryukyu Arc, Japan
Authors: NUONG N. D. , ITAYA T. , NISHIMURA Y. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Ishigaki high-pressure schist belt in the southern Ryukyu Arc is correlated with the Suo high-pressure schist belt in southwest Japan. The former metamorphic sequence is composed mainly of basic and pelitic schists and is subdivided into three zones, the lower-grade zone A, the medium-grade zone B and the high-grade zone C, based on the mineral assemblages of the basic schists. The K–Ar phengite age gives 188–205 Ma for zone A, 196–206 Ma for zone B and 208–220 Ma for zone C, while the apparent d002 spacing of carbonaceous materials is 3.590–3.437 Å, 3.415–3.390 Å and 3.387–3.364 Å, respectively. The age–d002 relationships suggest that the ages become older with increasing metamorphic temperature. This positive age–temperature relationship in the Ishigaki area contrasts with a negative relationship in the Nishiki area in the Suo belt. The two areas also display a contrasting thermal structure with the former area having an inverted metamorphic gradient and the latter displaying a normal thermal structure. These contrasting age–temperature–structure relationships in the metamorphic belt could be due to different tectonic styles relating to the exhumation of the metamorphic sequences. We suggest that the ages obtained are related directly to the ductile deformation history of the matrix phengite below the closure temperature (500°C) during exhumation of the host rocks. The duration from the beginning of exhumation to the apparent resetting of the phengite K–Ar system was different between the two metamorphic sequences, and significantly longer in the Ishigaki than the Nishiki.
Genetics of quality and agronomic traits in hard endosperm maize
Authors: ALONSO FERRO R. C. , MALVAR R. A. , REVILLA P. , ORDÁS A. , CASTRO P. , MORENO-GONZÁLEZ J. 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYHard endosperm maize (Zea mays L.) is useful for industry and for human consumption. The objective of the present work was to study the inheritance of quality traits in hard endosperm maize. Three flint and three dent inbreds, F1 of their diallel crosses, F2s and backcrosses to each parent were evaluated for grain yield and quality traits (flotation test, flour-milling test, grain damage (GD) index and grain density). Genotypes and genotype×environment interactions were significant for most traits. A genetic model including additive, dominance and epistatic effects explained most of the genetic variation for the traits. Additive effect mean squares were larger than those due to dominance effects, except for grain yield and GD. Partition of the dominance variance into average, general, and specific dominance components revealed that the average dominance related to heterosis was the most important. Additive×additive epistatic variation was smaller than additive and dominance variation for quality traits. Some inbreds displayed sufficient potential to be used in hard endosperm maize breeding programmes. The average dominance effect was favourable for most of the quality and agronomic traits. Breeding programmes for improving quality in hard endosperm maize would be most efficient if both additive and dominant effects are capitalized on.