bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niosomes containing paclitaxel and gold nanoparticles with different coating agents for efficient chemo/photothermal therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Zenjanab Masuomeh Kaveh , Pakchin Parvin Samadi , Fathi Marziyeh , Abdolahinia Elaheh Dalir , Adibkia Khosro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women, and chemotherapy is usually used to overcome this cancer. To improve drug delivery to cancer sites and reduce their side effects, nanocarriers such as niosomes (NIOs) are used. Moreover, a combination of other therapeutic methods like photothermal therapy (PTT) can help to enhance the chemotherapy effect. The aim of this research is the design a nanocarrier that simultaneously delivers chemotherapy and PTT agents. To achieve this goal, NIOs containing paclitaxel (PTX) as a chemotherapeutic agent and spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with citrate, chitosan (CS), and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) as a PTT agent were synthesized by thin hydration methods. Their physicochemical properties were determined by dynamic light scattering, UV–Vis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Cellular uptake, cell cytotoxicity, hyperthermia, and apoptosis effects of the proposed system were investigated in the MCF-7 BC cell line. The cellular uptake of NIOs/AuNPs–PAMAM (99.21%) and NIOs/AuNPs–CS (98.93%) by MCF-7 cells was higher than that of NIOs/AuNPs (79.55%), demonstrating that surface charge plays a key role in the cellular uptake of NPs. The MTT assay showed the cell viability of 45.48% for NIOs/AuNPs/PTX, 34.24% for NIOs/AuNPs–CS/PTX, and 37.67% for NIOs/AuNPs–PAMAM/PTX after 48 h of treatment. However, the application of hyperthermia significantly decreased the viability of cells treated with NIOs/AuNPs/PTX (37.72%), NIOs/AuNPs–CS/PTX (10.49%), and NIOs/AuNPs–PAMAM/PTX (4.1%) after 48 h. The apoptosis rate was high in NIOs/AuNPs–PAMAM/PTX (53.24%) and NIOs/AuNPs–CS/PTX (55.4%) confirming the data from MTT. In conclusion, the result revealed that combined PTT with chemotherapy increased cell cytotoxicity effects against the MCF-7 cells, and the AuNPs with various coating agents affected cellular uptake and hyperthermia which can be considered for efficient BC therapy.
Germanene: demonstration of the conversion from mode-locked to Q-switched mode-locked in Er-doped fiber laser
Authors: Han Yunao , Fan Weiyu , Sun Shuo , Bai Caixun , Wang Guomei , Zhang Huanian , Zhang Wenfei , Li Chonghui , Xu Shicai , Fu Shenggui , Lu Cheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Some two-dimensional layered mono-elemental materials have been reported as saturable absorbers (SAs) for the generation of various soliton phenomena, and many excellent results have been achieved. In our experiment, we made thin films of germanene-polyvinyl alcohol (Ge-PVA) and applied them as SA in Er-doped fiber lasers, investigated Ge’s characteristics, and demonstrated the conversion from mode-locked to Q-switched mode-locked (QML). The conventional mode-locked operation with a repetition rate of 9.63 MHz and a central wavelength of 1559.7 nm was stably triggered when the pump power exceeded the threshold of 40 mW. QML pulse with a central wavelength of 1530.26 nm and the maximum pulse energy of 86 nJ can be obtained by changing the pump power and polarization state of the light in the cavity. This work reveals the excellent optical properties of Ge SA in ultrafast fiber lasers and provide a new approach for the generation of QML pulses.
Dual-shot approach for polarization retrieval through a scattering medium
Authors: Roy Abhijit , Parvin Reajmina , Karmakar Ankita , Mandal Abhishek , Singh Rakesh Kumar , Brundavanam Maruthi M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A dual-shot technique based on the field basis addition of two statistically independent speckle patterns is developed to recover an input polarization through a scattering layer. It is proposed theoretically, and demonstrated both numerically and experimentally that by tuning the linear polarization orientation of the reference speckle pattern to 0° and 45° w.r.t. the x-axis, polarization retrieval of an object beam through a scattering layer can be achieved by measuring the degree of polarization of the superposed speckle pattern. The proposed technique can have a wide range of applications in polarization sensing and biomedical imaging.
BMO-type functionals, total variation, and Γ-convergence
Authors: Lahti Panu , Nguyen Quoc-Hung 
Published: February 2024

We study the BMO-type functional

κ

ε

(
f
,

R

n

)

\kappa _{\varepsilon }(f,\mathbb {R}^n)

, which can be used to characterize bounded variation functions

f
∈

B
V

(

R

n

)

f\in \mathrm {BV}(\mathbb {R}^n)

. The

Γ
\Gamma

-limit of this functional, taken with respect to

L

l
o
c

1

L^1_{\mathrm {loc}}

-convergence, is known to be

1
4

|

D
f

|

(

R

n

)

\tfrac 14 |Df|(\mathbb {R}^n)

. We show that the

Γ
\Gamma

-limit with respect to

L

l
o
c

∞

L^{\infty }_{\mathrm {loc}}

-convergence is
\[

1
4

|

D
a

f

|

(

R

n

)
+

1
4

|

D
c

f

|

(

R

n

)
+

1
2

|

D
j

f

|

(

R

n

)
,

\tfrac 14 |D^a f|(\mathbb {R}^n)+\tfrac 14 |D^c f|(\mathbb {R}^n)+\tfrac 12 |D^j f|(\mathbb {R}^n),

\]
which agrees with the “pointwise” limit in the case of special functions of bounded varation.
Rossby Waves
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A second form of wave motion can be supported by background rotation, called Rossby waves. These take the form of a slow, quasi-geostrophic motion, and they play a critical role in the atmospheres of the earth and the gas giants. The chapter starts by describing Rossby waves in their simplest environment, that is, between infinite plane boundaries. This is followed by a description of Rossby waves in a sliced cylinder. The chapter closes with a discussion of the physical origins of Rossby waves. Rossby waves are of immense importance in oceanic and atmospheric flows, and so there is a large literature devoted to them. Some suggestions for further reading are given at the end of the chapter.
Instability I
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rotating flows are readily destabilized by an angular momentum distribution which decreases with radius, known as Rayleigh’s centrifugal instability. This chapter reviews the classical stability analysis of Rayleigh (for inviscid flow) and Taylor (for viscous flow), as well as the associated experimental evidence. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the destabilizing role of axial flow on a swirling fluid, where the analogy between swirl and buoyancy turns out to be important. This classical instability is now fairly well understood, and several suggestions for further reading are provided at the end of this chapter.
Zonal (East–West) Winds and Rossby-Wave Turbulence
Authors: Davidson P A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the most striking features of the weather layers on Jupiter and Saturn are the bands of intense east–west winds that alternate in direction with latitude. It has long been appreciated that these east–west winds are a result of an interplay between turbulence and Rossby waves, although the precise details of that interplay are still disputed. These zonal winds, and their relationship to Rossby waves, are discussed in some detail in this chapter. This remains an area of intense research, as increasingly accurate astrophysical measurements fuels an ongoing debate.
The origins and evolution of the Stalinist Gulag
Authors: Barenberg Alan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapters traces the development of a vast system of exile settlements and prison camps from the beginning of Stalin’s Revolution from above in 1929, which sought to collectivize the peasantry and rapidly industrialize, until the attempts by his successors to radically reform the system following his death in 1953. Although the Bolsheviks first established prison camps soon after taking power in 1917, it was not really until the second half of the 1920s that the Gulag began to take shape as a system. This chapter argues that the growth of the system was closely related to changes in Soviet society at large, including operations targeting class and national enemies, campaigns of terror against perceived political enemies, and attempts to police the cities and countryside. Significant attempts to reform the Gulag and shrink its size coincided with the period of uncertainty and reform following Stalin’s death in 1953.
Survival, illness, and death
Authors: Barenberg Alan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the prospects of prisoners and exiles for survival, and what strategies they used to improve their chances to endure until release. In explaining survival, illness, and death, it balances the agency of inmates with structural conditions beyond their control. It also explores one of the central paradoxes of the Gulag: while prisoners and exiles were severely abused and ruthlessly exploited for their labor, the Gulag had a reasonably well-developed system for treating illnesses and preserving the health and labor power of inmates. Utilizing the latest research on sickness and mortality, this chapter examines overall trends in the deadliness of the Stalinist Gulag, a particularly important debate in the scholarship. As it demonstrates, sickness and death rates in camps and exile villages were consistently higher than those in Soviet society at large, and death rates skyrocketed during times of great stress, particularly famine and war.
Missing data and missed infections: investigating racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 testing and infection rates in Holyoke, Massachusetts
Authors: Sauer Sara M , Fulcher Isabel R , Matias Wilfredo R , Paxton Ryan , Elnaiem Ahmed , Gonsalves Sean , Zhu Jack , Guillaume Yodeline , Franke Molly , Ivers Louise C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Routinely collected testing data have been a vital resource for public health response during the COVID-19 pandemic and have revealed the extent to which Black and Hispanic persons have borne a disproportionate burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations in the United States. However, missing race and ethnicity data and missed infections due to testing disparities limit the interpretation of testing data and obscure the true toll of the pandemic. We investigated potential bias arising from these 2 types of missing data through a case study carried out in Holyoke, Massachusetts, during the prevaccination phase of the pandemic. First, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 testing and case rates by race and ethnicity, imputing missing data using a joint modeling approach. We then investigated disparities in SARS-CoV-2 reported case rates and missed infections by comparing case rate estimates with estimates derived from a COVID-19 seroprevalence survey. Compared with the non-Hispanic White population, we found that the Hispanic population had similar testing rates (476 tested per 1000 vs 480 per 1000) but twice the case rate (8.1% vs 3.7%). We found evidence of inequitable testing, with a higher rate of missed infections in the Hispanic population than in the non-Hispanic White population (79 infections missed per 1000 vs 60 missed per 1000).
Development and application of an inexpensive open-source dendrometer for detecting xylem water potential and radial stem growth at high spatial and temporal resolution
Authors: Gleason Sean M , Stewart Jared J , Allen Brendan , Polutchko Stephanie K , McMahon Jordan , Spitzer Daniel , Barnard David M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is currently a need for inexpensive, continuous, non-destructive water potential measurements at high temporal resolution (&lt;1 min). We describe here the development and testing of an entirely open-source dendrometer that, when combined with periodic Scholander pressure chamber measurements, provides sub-minute resolution estimates of water potential when placed on tissues exhibiting little or no secondary growth (petioles, monocotyledon stems). The dendrometer can also be used to measure radial growth of stems and branches when placed on dicotyledon and gymnosperm species. The dendrometer can be interfaced directly with a computer in real time in the lab or greenhouse, or connected to a datalogger for long periods of use in the field on batteries. We tested this device on a herbaceous dicotyledon (Helianthus annuus) (petioles and stems) and a monocotyledon (Zea mays) species (stems) for 1 week during dehydration and re-watering treatments under laboratory conditions. We also demonstrated the ability of the device to record branch and trunk diameter variation of a woody dicotyledon (Rhus typhina) in the field. Under laboratory conditions, we compared our device (hereafter ‘contact’ dendrometer) with modified versions of another open-source dendrometer (the ‘optical’ dendrometer). Overall, contact and optical dendrometers were well aligned with one another, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.77 to 0.97. Both dendrometer devices were well aligned with direct measurements of xylem water potential, with calibration curves exhibiting significant non-linearity, especially at water potentials near the point of incipient plasmolysis, with pseudo R2 values (Efron) ranging from 0.89 to 0.99. Overall, both dendrometers were comparable and provided sufficient resolution to detect subtle differences in stem water potential (ca. 50 kPa) resulting from light-induced changes in transpiration, vapour pressure deficit and drying/wetting soils. All hardware designs, alternative configurations, software and build instructions for the contact dendrometers are provided.
Family-Centered Early Intervention Deaf/Hard of Hearing (FCEI-DHH): Support Principles
Authors: Szarkowski Amy , Moeller Mary Pat , Gale Elaine , Smith Trudy , Birdsey Bianca C , Moodie Sheila T F , Carr Gwen , Stredler-Brown Arlene , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine ,   FCEI-DHH International Consensus Panel, Berke Michele , Binder Doris , Carr Gwen , Cloete Natasha , Crace Jodee , Crowe Kathryn , Dauer Frank , DesGeorges Janet , Dirks Evelien , Fellinger Johannes , Ferguson Bridget , Grover Anita , Hofer Johannes , Holten Sonja Myhre , Holzinger Daniel , Hopkins Karen , Laugen Nina Jakhelln , Lillo-Martin Diane , Magongwa Lucas , Martin Amber , McCall Jolanta , McCarthy Melissa , McDonnell Teresa , Movallali Guita , Müllegger-Treciokaite Daiva , Olson Stephanie B , Olusanya Bolajoko O , Pittman Paula , Porter Ann , Russell Jane , Sarkar Snigdha , Seaver Leeanne , Storbeck Claudine , Stredler-Brown Arlene , Thompson Nanette , Windisch Sabine , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine , Young Alys , Zheng Xuan , Holzinger Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article is the sixth in a series of eight articles that comprise a special issue on Family-Centered Early Intervention (FCEI) for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and their families, or FCEI-DHH. The Support Principles article is the second of three articles that describe the 10 Principles of FCEI-DHH, preceded by the Foundation Principles, and followed by the Structure Principles, all in this special issue. The Support Principles are composed of four Principles (Principles 3, 4, 5, and 6) that highlight (a) the importance of a variety of supports for families raising children who are DHH; (b) the need to attend to and ensure the well-being of all children who are DHH; (c) the necessity of building the language and communication abilities of children who are DHH and their family members; and (d) the importance of considering the family’s strengths, needs, and values in decision-making.
Family-Centered Early Intervention Deaf/Hard of Hearing (FCEI-DHH): Structure Principles
Authors: Szarkowski Amy , Gale Elaine , Moeller Mary Pat , Smith Trudy , Birdsey Bianca C , Moodie Sheila T F , Carr Gwen , Stredler-Brown Arlene , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine ,   FCEI-DHH International Consensus Panel, Berke Michele , Binder Doris , Carr Gwen , Cloete Natasha , Crace Jodee , Crowe Kathryn , Dauer Frank , DesGeorges Janet , Dirks Evelien , Fellinger Johannes , Ferguson Bridget , Grover Anita , Hofer Johannes , Holten Sonja Myhre , Holzinger Daniel , Hopkins Karen , Laugen Nina Jakhelln , Lillo-Martin Diane , Magongwa Lucas , Martin Amber , McCall Jolanta , McCarthy Melissa , McDonnell Teresa , Movallali Guita , Müllegger-Treciokaite Daiva , Olson Stephanie B , Olusanya Bolajoko O , Pittman Paula , Porter Ann , Russell Jane , Sarkar Snigdha , Seaver Leeanne , Storbeck Claudine , Stredler-Brown Arlene , Thompson Nanette , Windisch Sabine , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine , Young Alys , Zheng Xuan , Holzinger Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article is the seventh in a series of eight articles that comprise a special issue on family-centered early intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing and their families, or FCEI-DHH. This article, Structure Principles, is the third of three articles (preceded by Foundation Principles and Support Principles) that describe the 10 FCEI-DHH Principles. The Structure Principles include 4 Principles (Principle 7, Principle 8, Principle 9, and Principle 10) that highlight (a) the importance of trained and effective Early Intervention (EI) Providers, (b) the need for FCEI-DHH teams to work collaboratively to support families, (c) the considerations for tracking children’s progress through developmental assessment, and (d) the essential role of progress monitoring to continuously improve systems.
Family-Centered Early Intervention Deaf/Hard of Hearing (FCEI-DHH): Call to Action
Authors: Szarkowski Amy , Birdsey Bianca C , Smith Trudy , Moeller Mary Pat , Gale Elaine , Moodie Sheila T F , Carr Gwen , Stredler-Brown Arlene , Yoshinaga-Itano Christine , Holzinger Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis Call to Action is the eighth and final article in this special issue on Family-Centered Early Intervention (FCEI) for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and their families, or FCEI-DHH. Collectively, these articles highlight evidence-informed actions to enhance family well-being and to optimize developmental outcomes among children who are DHH. This Call to Action outlines actionable steps to advance FCEI-DHH supports provided to children who are DHH and their families. It also urges specific actions to strengthen FCEI-DHH programs/services and systems across the globe, whether newly emerging or long-established. Internationally, supports for children who are DHH are often siloed, provided within various independent sectors such as health/medicine, education, early childhood, and social and disability services. With this Call to Action, we urge invested parties from across relevant sectors to join together to implement and improve FCEI-DHH programs/services and systems, build the capacity of early intervention (EI) Providers and other professionals, extend research regarding FCEI-DHH, and fund EI supports, systems, and research, all with the aim of advancing outcomes for families and their children who are DHH.
Association of apolipoprotein levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Zhang Jiarong , Song Xinru , Li Zhi , Xu Haibo , Shu Haotian , Li Jun , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Research has shown that apolipoproteins (Apos) are potential indicators of heart health and death. We investigated the associations of Apo levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods and results
We systematically searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for English language studies up to 28 November 2022. We used Stata 17.0 to summarize the estimated effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also conducted subgroup analyses according to study location, year of publication, individual age, follow-up years, and sample size. Moreover, we performed a sensitivity analysis to evaluate bias in our study. This study included 23 studies with 152 854 individuals in total. The level of ApoA was negatively related to cardiovascular mortality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.52–0.93]. An increased ratio of ApoB/A1 was a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.48–3.07) and all-cause mortality (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.52–2.77). The level of ApoB was positively related to cardiovascular mortality (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.85–1.47), but the difference was not statistically significant. However, the associations between ApoB or ApoA1 and all-cause mortality were not obvious. Our subgroup analyses showed that the location, year of publication, individual age, and follow-up years of the studies affected the heterogeneity of our study to varying degrees. The sensitivity analysis showed that our results were almost robust, apart from excluding the article by Nomikos (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.92) and Zeng (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65–0.91), when investigating the relationship between ApoA1 and all-cause mortality.

Conclusion
In this study, we found that Apo levels were linked to cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Our study strengthens the evidence on the association between the level of Apos and cardiac health and may provide ideas for regulating the level of Apos to promote public health.
A comprehensive diversity analysis on the gut microbiomes of ASD patients: from alpha, beta to gamma diversities
Authors: Chen Hongju (Daisy) , Li Lianwei , Yu Fubing , Ma Zhanshan (Sam) 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is estimated to influence as many as 1% children worldwide, but its etiology is still unclear. It has been suggested that gut microbiomes play an important role in regulating abnormal behaviors associated with ASD. A de facto standard analysis on the microbiome-associated diseases has been diversity analysis, and nevertheless, existing studies on ASD-microbiome relationship have not produced a consensus. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the diversity changes associated with ASD involving alpha-, beta-, and gamma-diversity metrics, based on 8 published data sets consisting of 898 ASD samples and 467 healthy controls (HC) from 16S-rRNA sequencing. Our findings include: (i) In terms of alpha-diversity, in approximately 1/3 of the studies cases, ASD patients exhibited significantly higher alpha-diversity than the HC, which seems to be consistent with the “1/3 conjecture” of diversity-disease relationship (DDR). (ii) In terms of beta-diversity, the AKP (Anna Karenina principle) that predict all healthy microbiomes should be similar, and every diseased microbiome should be dissimilar in its own way seems to be true in approximately 1/2 to 3/4 studies cases. (iii) In terms of gamma-diversity, the DAR (diversity-area relationship) modeling suggests that ASD patients seem to have large diversity-area scaling parameter than the HC, which is consistent with the AKP results. However, the MAD (maximum accrual diversity) and RIP (ratio of individual to population diversity) parameters did not suggest significant differences between ASD patients and HC. Throughout the study, we adopted Hill numbers to measure diversity, which stratified the diversity measures in terms of the rarity—commonness—dominance spectrum. It appears that the differences between ASD patients and HC are more propounding on rare-species side than on dominant-species side. Finally, we discuss the apparent inconsistent diversity-ASD relationships among different case studies and postulate that the relationships are not monotonic.