bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a mobile computer anxiety scale
Authors: Wang Yi‐Shun 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAlthough researchers have developed various scales for measuring users' computer anxiety or Internet anxiety, none of the literature has addressed the measurement of mobile computer anxiety (MCA). The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a multidimensional mobile computer anxiety scale (MCAS) based on previous research on computer anxiety and Internet anxiety. In this study, I introduce and define the construct of MCA, provide an empirical validation of the construct and its underlying dimensionality, develop a generic MCA scale with desirable psychometric properties and explore the scale's theoretical and practical applications. By analysing data from a sample of 287 respondents, this study proposes a 7‐factor, 38‐item MCAS. This empirically validated scale will be useful to researchers in developing and testing mobile learning (m‐learning) theories, as well as to educators and m‐learning managers in understanding an individual's MCA and in promoting the use of mobile computing and learning systems.
PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Ten polymorphic microsatellite markers for the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis)
Authors: ESTES‐ZUMPF WENDY A. , RACHLOW JANET L. , WAITS LISETTE P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe developed 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). Nine of the 10 loci amplified reliably and had a low frequency of null alleles. Number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 12, and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.26 to 0.89 and from 0.63 to 0.88, respectively. These loci will be useful in determining population genetic structure and assessing patterns of gene flow in the pygmy rabbit.
PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Development of microsatellite markers in Rhinanthus angustifolius and cross‐species amplification
Authors: DUCARME V. , RISTERUCCI A. M. , WESSELINGH R. A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed from an enriched genomic library of the annual plant Rhinanthus angustifolius and characterized using 36 individuals. These markers provided high polymorphism ranging from two to 15 alleles per locus. Four loci showed significant departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, probably because of the occurrence of null alleles. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between pairs of loci. Tests of cross‐species transferability were performed on four congeners with a success rate of 100% in Rhinanthus minor, 93% in R. mediterraneus and R. glacialis, and 80% in R. alectorolophus. These microsatellite loci will be useful tools to study mating system, gene flow and hybridization in the genus Rhinanthus.
TECHNICAL ADVANCES: New strategies for telomere‐based age estimation
Authors: HAUSSMANN MARK F. , MAUCK ROBERT A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTelomere dynamics link molecular and cellular mechanisms with organismal processes and therefore may explain variation in a number of important life‐history traits. Telomere length has been used to estimate age in free‐living populations of animals. Such estimation is a potentially powerful tool in the context of population dynamics and management, as well as the study of life‐history trade‐offs. The number of studies utilizing telomere restriction fragment assays in the fields of ecology and evolution is steadily growing. However, the field lacks methodological and analytical standardization resulting in considerable variation in telomere length and therefore in the usefulness of these techniques. Here, we illustrate new laboratory and analytical methods to reliably measure telomere length from blood erythrocytes and accurately assess the relationship between telomeres and age. We demonstrate the importance of analysing those telomeres most relevant to age‐related studies: the shortest telomeres. We present a reliable method to quickly identify an analysis window (the telomere optimal estimate, TOE) which approaches the optimal window for age estimation. Because the TOE focuses on the shortest telomeres — those telomeres which signal cellular senescence and ageing — TOE can also be used to compare telomeres in age‐matched individuals. We also compare constant‐ and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis to show how each can influence telomere measurement. The use of TOE should provide powerful telomere‐based age estimation and enable organismal biologists to readily uncover individual and longitudinal differences with regard to telomere dynamics.
PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: A set of primer pairs for amplifying the complete mitochondrial DNA of endangered Chinese egret (Aves, Ardeidae, Egretta eulophotes)
Authors: ZHOU XIAOPING , WANG YIQUAN , CHEN XIAOLIN , LIN QINGXIAN , FANG WENZHEN , WEI DONG 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe Chinese egret is a globally endangered species. Here we describe a set of primer pairs to amplify its entire mtDNA. The polymerase chain reaction products (1000–2000 bp) were successfully amplified by using this primer set and were then sequenced and aligned. The contiguous mtDNA sequences of the Chinese egret were assembled to be a circular molecule (17 579 bp). This primer set was also confirmed to be useful for six other species of ardeid birds. The versatility of this primer set will provide a groundwork for further studies on the genetic structure and molecular evolution of the ardeid species.
PERMANENT GENETIC RESOURCES: Polymorphic microsatellite loci and interspecific cross‐amplification in the parasitoid wasps Megastigmus stigmatizans and Megastigmus dorsalis
Authors: GARNIER S. , VERDUIJN M. , PREUSS S. , WOLFF K. , STONE G. N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe isolated and characterized 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the congeneric parasitoid wasps Megastigmus stigmatizans and Megastigmus dorsalis associated with cynipid oak galls. Loci isolated from species‐specific libraries showed extensive cross‐amplification, resulting in a total of 15 polymorphic loci for M. stigmatizans and 13 for M. dorsalis.
A study of inherited short tail and taillessness in Pembroke Welsh corgi
Authors: Indrebø A. , Langeland M. , Juul H. M. , Skogmo H. K. , Rengmark A. H. , Lingaas F. 
Published: September 2007

Objectives: To study whether natural short tail in adult Pembroke Welsh corgi is associated with congenital spinal defects. To report anatomical defects in two newborn tailless puppies from short‐tailed parents, and to check whether they were homozygous for the dominant mutation in the T‐gene (C295G). Methods: The vertebral column of 19 adult dogs with natural short tail, from short‐tail×long‐tail crossings, was radiographically examined. Two tailless puppies were radiographed and submitted for necropsy. Samples from the puppies, their parents and five siblings were analysed for the mutation of the T‐gene. Results: No congenital spinal defects were diagnosed in any of the short‐tailed dogs. The tailless puppies had anorectal atresia, had multiple spinal defects and were homozygous for the mutation in the T‐gene. Clinical Significance: As tail docking is forbidden in many countries, breeding Pembroke Welsh corgis with natural short tail is becoming increasingly common. Previous studies indicated that the mutation in homozygotes is lethal in early fetal life. It is of clinical significance that natural short tail is probably not associated with congenital spinal defects, as is known from studies of other species, and that homozygotes for this mutation with serious anatomical defects may be born.
The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the management of pharyngeal penetration injuries in dogs
Authors: Dobromylskyj M. J. , Dennis R. , Ladlow J. F. , Adams V. J. 
Published: September 2007

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between the magnetic resonance imaging findings and subsequent surgical findings for a series of dogs presenting with suspected pharyngeal stick injuries to the Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, between 1995 and 2004. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging findings were reviewed for patients undergoing a scan of the pharyngeal or cervical area for suspected foreign bodies during the years 1995 to 2004. Results: Case signalment, history and clinical signs were similar to those reported in previous studies. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated foreign material in six of seven cases where this was present. There was good correlation between diagnosis of a foreign body at magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent surgical identification. Clinical Significance: Compared with other imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging is very helpful for this type of injury, especially in chronic cases where radiographic evidence of a foreign body is unlikely. It is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of pharyngeal penetration injury and in surgical planning.
Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from cats with ulcerative keratitis in Taiwan
Authors: Lin C.‐T. , Petersen‐Jones S. M. 
Published: September 2007

Objectives:To assess the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from corneal ulcers in cats.Methods:A total of 92 cats with infected corneal ulcers were swabbed for bacterial culture and the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates analysed.Results:Bacteria were isolated from 54 of 92 infected eyes with corneal ulcers and purulent discharge. A total of 59 bacterial isolates were obtained from the 54 ulcers. The ratio of Gram‐positive to Gram‐negative isolates was approximately 3:1. The most commonly isolated Gram‐positive bacteria wereStaphylococcusspecies (51 per cent of all isolates), whilePseudomonas aeruginosa(13·5 per cent of all isolates) was the most common Gram‐negative bacteria isolated. The Gram‐negative isolates demonstrated a greater incidence of antibiotic resistance than the Gram‐positive ones. The most effective antibiotics against the isolates were ciprofloxacin, tobramycin and gentamicin, with erythromycin and lincomycin showing the greatest number of resistant isolates.ClinicalSignificance:StaphylococcusandPseudomonasspecies were the most common Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, respectively, isolated from feline eyes with ulcerative keratitis. The second‐generation fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin and the aminoglycoside gentamicin were found to be highly effective against the majority of isolates.
Treatment of pancreatitis‐associated extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction by choledochal stenting in seven cats
Authors: Mayhew P. D. , Weisse C. W. 
Published: September 2007

Objectives: To report the clinicopathological findings and outcome in cats with pancreatitis‐associated extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction (EHBO) treated by choledochal tube stenting. Methods: Medical records of cats with EHBO secondary to pancreatitis that underwent choledochal stenting were reviewed. Information on outcome was obtained by re‐examination of the cat or by telephone interview with the owners. Results: All cats had pancreatitis confirmed by histopathological examination of biopsy samples (n=6) or suspected based on gross examination at surgery (n=1). In six cats, a section of 3·5 to five French gauge red rubber catheter and in one cat a section of 22 G intravenous catheter were used as a choledochal stent. Two cats developed re‐obstruction of the biliary tract within a week of the original surgery. One cat had confirmed episodes of ascending cholangitis postoperatively. Two cats had chronic intermittent vomiting in the postoperative period. Two cats died during the perioperative period. Five cats survived to discharge, three of which died seven to 24 months postoperatively and two of which remain alive to date. Clinical Significance: Choledochal stenting is an alternative to biliary diversion for management of feline pancreatitis‐associated EHBO in select cases. However, there may be greater morbidity with this technique in cats compared with dogs.
Language Acquisition and Language Change: Inter‐relationships
Authors: Lightfoot David , Westergaard Marit 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChildren acquire a mature language system and sometimes this system differs from that of their parents. This is a significant part of language change and understanding acquisition is key to understanding this kind of change in people's internal grammars. We outline an approach to language acquisition that is based on children finding cues and microcues expressed in the input they are exposed to. This enables us to understand historical change in grammars: change in external language sometimes triggers a new internal grammar as cues come to be expressed differently. We bring together work on language variation, acquisition, and change, show how these three areas are mutually dependent, and how empirical work in one area may enrich understanding more generally, opening the way to new kinds of empirical work.
Negation in Natural Language: On the Form and Meaning of Negative Elements
Authors: Zeijlstra Hedde 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA universal property of natural language is that every language is able to express negation. Every language has some device at its disposal to reverse the truth value of a certain sentence. However, languages may differ to quite a large extent as to how they express this negation. Not only do languages vary with respect to the position of negative elements, also the form of negative elements and the interpretation of sentences that consist of multiple negative elements are subject to broad cross‐linguistic variation. The study to the behaviour of sentential negation has therefore strongly been guided by the question as to what determines the possible ways that sentential negation can manifest itself. A conclusion of the article will be that the behaviour of negation in natural language strongly deviates from what intuitively might be expected.
Contemporary Political Communications: Audiences, Politicians and the Media in International Research
Authors: Young Sally , Bourne Saskia , Younane Stephanie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractResearch into political communication has grown rapidly in the past three decades, shifting from specific, quantitative and utilitarian studies to include a broad variety of research questions, methods and theoretical frameworks. Interdisciplinary work in political communication takes audiences, political actors (such as governments and politicians), and media content and media institutions as central foci. Research has traditionally focused on election campaign‐specific studies within national contexts. Emerging research, however, is now addressing broader questions about media texts and organisations and also about representations and power. This research is working to trace technological changes and developments in an era of globalised media and political communication and developing new, complex conceptions of audience agency and reception.
Globalization of Culture and the Arts
Authors: Adams Laura L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article examines the state of the field in the sociological literature on the globalization of culture and focuses on key empirical works in the globalization of the arts. The first part of the article presents the main trends in theorizing about the globalization of culture in its broadest terms, that is, the large‐scale changes in worldviews that both facilitate and are made possible by globalization such as modernization, universalism, consumerism, and McDonaldization. The second part of the article examines empirical work on television, music, and the performing arts in light of theorizing about globalization and commodification, audience reception, localization and glocalization, the role of the state, imperialism, global cultural fields, and global norms. In terms of theory, the article explores the tension between globalization's homogenizing and diversifying tendencies. The review of the empirical literature includes research conducted in Cuba, Israel, Italy, Japan, Russia, Singapore, the USA, and Uzbekistan.
Working‐Class Studies: Ongoing and New Directions
Authors: Roberts Ian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper gives an account of working‐class studies as it has developed in the USA and UK. It includes a comparative assessment of ways in which the working‐class and class analysis appear within academe. This argues that the different role played by social classes in the post‐war settlement and its subsequent breakdown can account for divergent fortunes of class analysis in response to similar developments. The paper unpacks some of the opportunities and threats to further development of working‐class studies in the UK. It is argued that the field needs to be developed in a way that is reflexively self‐critical and avoids reproducing middle‐class experience as universal. However, it notes the challenge of opening up space for the working class within the academy, particularly given the problem of the institutional embodiment of class together with the rigid framework of higher education in the UK.
Racial Residential Segregation and Crime
Authors: Akins Scott 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRacial residential segregation is a pervasive and persistent feature of life in urban America. The consequences of segregation are numerous and are generally deleterious for minority populations. One consequence of segregation is inflated rates of crime in segregated areas. However, the study of segregation and crime is limited to a handful of studies and many questions remain unanswered. These include: (i) Does the criminogenic effect of segregation remain when research employs a unit of analysis other than cities (e.g., neighborhoods, regions)? (ii) What is the primary theoretical mechanism by which racial segregation produces crime? (iii) What types of mediating processes can attenuate the criminogenic effect of segregation? The current article will summarize the interdisciplinary literature on segregation and crime and discuss avenues for future research.
Crossing Boundaries: Legality and the Power of the State in Unauthorized Migration
Authors: Yamamoto Ryoko 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUnauthorized migrants, often referred to as ‘illegal aliens’ or ‘undocumented immigrants’, are a burning political issue in many countries. This paper examines the complexities of unauthorized migration and addresses competing viewpoints on the subject as it relates to the power of the state. Despite the popular image of unauthorized migration as secret border crossing, migrants become ‘illegal’ in various ways, and the boundary between ‘legal’ and ‘illegal’ is more fluid than it may appear to be. Unauthorized migration is conventionally understood as evidence of the limited power of the state over immigration. This view, however, too narrowly focuses on the power of the state over entries of migrants. If we broaden our perspective and examine its power over migrants’lives and the way in which they are integrated into society, unauthorized migration in fact reveals the strong power of the state, which has a capacity to deprive migrants of their rights.
Methodological Dilemmas and Opportunities in Interviewing Organizational Elites
Authors: Delaney Kevin J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article discusses the challenges and opportunities encountered in interviewing organizational elites. Drawing on a wide range of experiences in elite interviewing, I offer suggestions for gaining access to elites, controlling the interview, obtaining the highest‐quality interview data, and writing effectively about those data. I also discuss the ‘dilemma of seduction’ that can occur in elite interviewing and suggests ways to both present and critique the worldview of elites when writing about qualitative interviews.
Global inequality, power and the unipolar world
Authors: Midgley James 
Published: September 2007

English Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, neoconservative intellectuals and policy makers have promoted a unipolarist position which prescribes a new, unilateral role for the government of the United States in world affairs. This article discusses the concept of unipolarism and examines its implications for global inequality, social welfare and social work. French Aprè s l’effondrement de l’Union Soviétique, les intellectuels néoconservateurs et les stratèges se sont engagés dans la promotion d’une position unipolaire qui a prescrit un nouveau rô le unilatéral pour le gouvernement américain dans la gestion des affaires mondiales. Cet article aborde la notion d’unipolarité et en examine les conséquences en termes d’iné galités mondiales, de bien-ê tre social et de travail social. Spanish Siguiendo el colapso de la Unió n Sovié tica, los intelectuales neoconservadores y los creadores de política han promovido una posició n unipolar que prescribe un nuevo rol unilateral para el gobierno de los Estados Unidos en temas mundiales. Este artículo discute el concepto de unipolaridad y examina sus implicaciones para la desigualdad global, el bienestar social y el trabajo social.
Social work in Pakistan
Authors: Graham John R. , Al-Krenawi Alean , Zaidi Sara 
Published: September 2007

English This exploratory research undertook in-depth interviews with seven practitioners in Lahore. The data revealed five themes regarding culturally respectful practice in Pakistan, related to definition of social work; primacy of family and community; innovative local approaches; and social structures necessary for effective interventions. We consider strategies for making social work knowledge more authentically indigenous to Pakistan. French Cette recherche exploratoire consiste en des entrevues en profondeur auprès de sept praticiens à Lahore. Les données recueillies ont permis de dégager cinq thèmes ayant trait à une pratique respectueuse de la culture pakistanaise. Ces thèmes portaient sur la définition du travail social; l’importance de la famille et de la communauté ; les approches locales innovantes; et les structures sociales appropriées pour des interventions efficaces. La recherche aborde également les stratégies à mettre en oeuvre pour développer un savoir en travail social plus particulier au Pakistan. Spanish Esta investigació n exploratoria emprendió entrevistas en profundidad con siete profesionales en Lahore. Los datos revelan cinco temas, respecto a la prá ctica culturalmente respetuosa en Paquistá n, relativa a la definició n del trabajo social; primacía de la familia y la comunidad; enfoques locales innovadores; y las estructuras sociales necesarias para intervenciones efectivas. Consideramos estrategias para hacer el conocimiento en trabajo social má s auténticamente autó ctono en Paquistá n.
The quest for western social work knowledge
Authors: Yan Miu-Chung , Tsui Ming-Sum 
Published: September 2007

English Despite the fast development of social work education, scholars in China are eager to import and adapt western social work knowledge which is portrayed as a monolithic entity. Using a case study of American social work literature, we question the existence of a monolithic system of western knowledge. French En dé pit du développement rapide de la formation en travail social, les étudiants chinois sont pressé s d’importer et d’adapter le savoir occidental en matière de travail social, qui est dé crit comme une entité monolithique. Àpartir d’une é tude de cas s’appuyant sur de la documentation amé ricaine en travail social, on s’interroge sur l’existence d’un système monolithique de savoir occidental. Spanish A pesar del acelerado desarrollo de la enseñ anza del trabajo social, los estudiantes en China tienen muchas ganas de importar y adaptar el conocimiento del trabajo social occidental, el cual es descrito como una entidad monolítica. Utilizando un estudio de caso de la literatura del trabajo social americano, nosotros cuestionamos la existencia de un sistema monolótico del conocimiento occidental.