bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Gas Injection Network Using Genetic Algorithm: A Solution for Intermittent Gas Lift Wells
Authors: Garg Ankit , Sharma Aman , Rajvanshi Saurabh , Suman Abhinav , Goswami Bhargab , Yadav Mahendra Prasad , Narayana DKJ , Tiwary Rajesh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multiple intermittent gas lift (IGL) wells are typically connected to a centralized high-pressure gas source, which can result in significant fluctuations in gas injection header pressure and subsequent liquid surges in the well fluid header when gas injection is initiated simultaneously in multiple wells. To address the challenge of gas injection interference among intermittent gas lift wells, we propose a mathematical model that utilizes genetic algorithm to optimize the staggering of time cycles, with the goal of achieving minimal interference.
Genetic algorithms approach provides an effective optimization technique for addressing the time cycle staggering in intermittent gas lift wells. The algorithm involves creating a population of potential solutions, representing each solution as a set of genes or chromosome. In the context of this model, the gas injection time slots for each well are encoded as chromosomes. The developed model utilizes input gas injection time cycles, to compute the best possible time slots for each well. By leveraging the principles of natural selection and evolution, the model iteratively computes the best possible time slots for each well, continuously improving the solutions until convergence is reached. This approach minimizes gas injection interference and enhances the efficiency of gas lift operations.
The current field practice involves manually staggering the time cycle slots to minimize interference among wells, which becomes impractical with increased well and time slot numbers. Our developed model based on genetic algorithm optimization approach offers an automated and efficient solution for time cycle staggering in intermittent gas lift wells. Despite the NP-hard (non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness) nature of the problem, genetic algorithms provide an effective means of generating near-optimal solutions within a reasonable computational time. By minimizing gas injection interference, this optimization technique enhances the overall efficiency of gas lift operations, preventing production losses. Application of the developed model in the onshore oil field of ONGC demonstrated a significant reduction in gas injection header pressure fluctuations which improved the overall performance of the gas lift system. In this study effect of manually staggered gas injection time cycle, on gas injection network pressure fluctuations is also analysed.
The population of wells employing intermittent gas lift mode is progressively growing as oil fields undergo browning. This advancement in optimization methodology holds great promise for the oil and gas industry, facilitating the optimization of gas injection time cycle slots leading to reduced pressure fluctuations and improved production efficiency.
Targeted Acid Stimulation Technique for Production Enhancement – A Montney Case Study
Authors: Smith F. T , Ramji Z 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A safe and cost-effective method of stimulating a multi-zone hydrocarbon producing well is presented whereby a tool containing dry chemical is deployed downhole via wireline. An extended exothermic reaction is initiated downhole which generates acid vapour at a target depth in front of the perforated interval. This method allows for each interval to be uniquely treated with specific acid blends and order of operations.
A typical well in the field is characterized as a vertical oil producing well with two existing perforated intervals. The top interval is a 3½ foot perforated interval in the Worsley Dolomite with a permeability of 500 - 1000 mD and 40 - 45% porosity. Approximately 50 feet below is a 3 ½ foot perforated Worsley Siltstone interval with 18-20% porosity and permeability of 5 - 10 mD. The 5 ½" 14 lbs/ft cemented production casing is set at approximately 3000 ft.
Prior to acidizing, a workover operation was completed where the 2 7/8" tubing was pulled. The order of operations was to first perforate a new 20-foot interval in the Montney that was 70 feet below the Worsley Siltstone. Subsequently, the tightest interval – the Worsley Siltstone – was then treated using an HCl tool deployed via wireline which acted as a pre-flush treatment. This removed any existing scale and provided an HCl rich environment to minimize the risk or precipitation of CaF2 when later acidizing with Mud Acid. After the HCl pre-flush, an HCl/HF tool was then deployed. The next interval was the Worsley Dolomite which was treated with HCl followed by the newly perforated 20-foot Montney interval which was also treated with HCl. This entire operation is completed in 8 hours.
Prior to treatment, the candidate wells were producing on average 6 bbl/day and had shown a declining trend over a period of several years. Prior treatments were to bullhead 15% HCl acid and it was believed that the acid was not all going to the desired zone. Using the new method, a total of 7 wells were treated - one well per day - and the average increase in production increase was 342% approximately 60 days post-treatment. The production increase was sustained with wells maintaining an average increase in production of 183% approximately 9 months post-treatment.
This method of acidizing has supplanted the previous acidizing method - bullheading of 15% HCl - due to its sustained production enhancement and cost-effectiveness.
Technology Advancements in Loss Circulation (LC) Spacer Deployment Across a Narrow Pressure Window for Critical Liner Cement Jobs: Case Studies from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Wajid , Hashmi Ahmad Atef , Turki Faisal Abdullah Al , Bouaraki Mouloud , Aljardan Moaathe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A major challenge that is faced during the well construction phase is to cement the formations holding narrow pressure margins between the pore and fracture gradients without inducing losses that could compromise the integrity of the cement barrier. The paper will review two case studies for deploying an engineered loss circulation (LC) spacer system as an important solution for primary cementing operations in the case study wells with such narrow pressure margins.
One of the case studies well is a land well where a high-pressure influx was encountered while drilling an 8-3/8-in hole across a water-bearing formation. A narrow pressure gradient persuaded to utilize a managed pressure drilling (MPD) system. The well was drilled to the target depth using 138 lbm/ft3 oil-based mud drilling fluid while maintaining the equivalent circulation density (ECD) from 146.5 to 149.5 lbm/ft3. A 150 lbm/ft3 slurry was designed to keep the ECD intact. Additionally, the spacer was loaded with optimum amounts of surfactant package to help remove the mud and to water-wet the formation and pipe to achieve better cement bonding.
It was observed that the engineered LC spacer provided safe isolation of low fracture gradient zones cost-effectively, even in challenging narrow-pressure window scenarios. The LC Spacer was able to mitigate the loss circulation while cementing due to the utilization of ultra-low invasion technology, which created a barrier across loss circulation zones. It was also observed that the LC spacer formed a shield across formation walls and reduced the loss circulation, ranging from partial to total losses on permeable, fragile, weak formations, naturally fractured reservoirs, and depleted reservoirs. The LC spacer also improved wellbore stability and ECDs along the wellbore and expected loss zones. Ultimately, the paper concludes that LC Spacer can be designed to address the challenge of minimizing losses during the primary cement job by offering superior sealing capabilities.
The case studies present an overview of the engineering process used to plan critical liner cement jobs using a specialized LC spacer system. This paper reviews the execution of two successful liner jobs and presents findings and lessons learned. After the successful results on these jobs and subsequent operations, this spacer system is now being adopted to optimize cementing, where losses during cementing operations in the past have forced the modification of well construction.
Assuring Critical Coiled Tubing Re-Entry Operations of Old Wells with Integrity Issues by the Application of the Well Intervention Guide, Provides Execution to Safeguard the Life and Environment
Authors: Rodriguez A. , Cadavid C. , Ortega O. , Silva P. , Guarín L. , Rincón R. , Cuervo M. , Garay R. , Hernandez J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the critical aspects taken into account during the planning process of a Coiled Tubing re-entry of an old abandoned well with substandard modified wellhead, a section of 2-7/8″ tubing stuck into the surface cement plug, hazardous atmosphere readings, integrity issues exhibiting sustained casing pressure, wellbore fluids migration on surface, presence of formation faults connecting over pressured formations and background of a well control event requiring 21.1 ppg fluid during the completion stage.
Due to the complexity of the Coiled Tubing intervention and information uncertainty, the planning strategy was divided in three stages: First, an initial inspection to determine the integrity status of the wellhead and accessories on the surface, then a second stage to ensure and correct the integrity of the wellhead and the last stage to carry out the intervention on coiled tubing. For the last stage the IDA-G-001 Well Intervention Guide process was followed to fulfil a strict operational discipline including several peer reviews by technical authorities to safeguard the life and environment.
The well interventions team planned a critical Plug and Abandonment P&A intervention in a restricted access location; the need for more information was a challenge. The field group accomplished the challenge of milling out with Coiled tubing, the 7″ casing cement plug, and 2-7/8″ tubing with expected well pressure below the cement plug with the proper simulations, bases of design and risk assessments. Acquiring more information about the well's integrity by running electric logs was crucial for adequately designing the abandonment that fulfills the government regulations and industry standards. Consequence analysis and multidisciplinary detailed risk assessment were essential for identify contingency plans during the planning. The pre-operational QA Check list was verified for all the services involved in the abandonment, to mitigate the risk of equipment failure, and this contributed to execute the intervention according to the planing. The two first stages of wellhead inspection and subsequent integrity assurance allowed the intervention with no wellbore fluids that could contaminate the surface.
The application of the corporate Guide for the Planning and Execution of Special Interventions, (Well Intervention Guide WIG), is a detailed process that, through an initial risk assessment, determines the complexity of the planning and safe execution of high-risk interventions and is a powerful tool when critical operations such as the intervention of old wells with lack of information and integrity are required.
Enhancing Nutritional and Organoleptic Properties of Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber through Probiotic Fermentation
Authors: Bayazitov Kamil R. , Ivanov Maksim S. , Gelazov Robert K. , Barua Subhrajit , Lavrentev Filipp V. , Antsyperova Mariia А. , Fedorov Aleksei А. , Iakovchenko Natalia V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fermented plant-based products are rapidly gaining popularity worldwide. Factors influencing the consumers' choice of such products include not only a desire to improve their health but also to reduce the environmental impact associated with the high consumption of animal products such as meat and dairy. Numerous studies demonstrate that fermentation enhances the bioavailability of nutrients such as amino acids, vitamins, and minerals in plant-based products. Consuming cultures of probiotic microorganisms as part of fermented plant-based products can have a beneficial impact on the digestive and immune systems. This article focuses on the use of different pre-treatment methods on Jerusalem artichoke tubers and the possibility of using fermentation to create new plant-based products with unique organoleptic properties and health benefits. Due to the unfavorable influence on quality indicators of plant dispersions, such as pH level, percentage of dry matter, content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, and polyphenols, an increase in minerals, among ultrasound-treated, pre-frozen and untreated samples, a decision was made to carry out fermentation process using untreated raw material. Our study shows that among the various samples of Jerusalem artichoke tuber dispersions fermented with selected probiotic strains, the one with L. bulgaricus provides the most efficient fermentation process: the highest antioxidant activity with a maximum value of 67.5% DPPH activity on day 5 after fermentation; the highest increase of microbial cells during fermentation was recorded to be log10(CFU/ml) = 2.3; the fastest acid accumulation and the best results of sensory estimation were also achieved.
SNPs in microRNA Seed Region and Impact of miR-375 in Concurrent Regulation of Multiple Lipid Accumulation-related Genes
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Hong Inpyo , Lee Chanwoo , Kim Daehyun , Kim Sunghak , Lee Yoonseok 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bovine intramuscular fat (IMF), commonly referred to as marbling, is regulated by lipid metabolism, which includes adipogenesis, lipogenesis, glycerolipid synthesis, and lipolysis. In recent years, breeding researchers have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as useful marker-assisted selection tools for improving marbling scores in national breeding programs. These included causal SNPs that induce phenotypic variation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that bind to multiple non-coding regions. They are involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Multiple miRNAs may regulate a given target. Previously, three SNPs in the GPAM 3' UTR and four miRNAs were identified through in silico assays. This study aimed to verify the binding ability of the four miRNAs to the 3' UTR of the GPAM gene and identify their multifunctional role in adipocytes. We verified that the four miRNAs bound to the GPAM 3'UTR and identified that the miR-375 sequence is highly conserved. Furthermore, we found that miR-375 upregulated the GPAM gene and other lipid metabolism-related genes and promoted lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-375 is a multifunctional regulator of multiple lipid metabolism-related genes and may aid in obesity research as a biomarker.
Differential expression of cellular prion protein (PrP C ) in mouse hepatitis virus induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Ghosh Satavisha , Jana Rishika , Jana Soumen , Basu Rahul , Chatterjee Madhurima , Ranawat Nishtha , Sarma Jayasri Das 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is an extracellular cell membrane protein. Due to its diversified roles, a definite role of PrPC has been difficult to establish. During viral infection, PrPC has been reported to play a pleiotropic role. Here, we have attempted to envision the function of PrPC in the neurotropic m-CoV-MHV-RSA59-induced model of neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice. A significant upregulation of PrPC at protein and mRNA levels was evident in infected mouse brains during the acute phase of neuroinflammation. Furthermore, investigation of the effect of MHV-RSA59 infection on prion expression in specific neuronal, microglial, and astrocytoma cell lines, revealed a differential expression of prion during neuroinflammation. Additionally, siRNA-mediated downregulation of prnp transcripts reduced the expression of viral antigen and viral infectivity in these cell lines. Cumulatively, our results suggest that PrPC expression significantly increases during acute MHV-RSA59 infection and that PrPC also assists in viral infectivity and viral replication.
Effects of Short-Term Sleep-Low Method on Exercise Performance and Fat Metabolism
Authors: SAKAMOTO Takumi , UEDA Shin-ya , NAKAHARA Hidehiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: The sleep-low method has been proposed as a way to reduce glycogen availability, sleep and temporarily restrict carbohydrates to improve exercise performance. In the sleep-low strategy, however, dietary restriction has been implemented four times a week for only three weeks, out of concern that long-term dietary restriction may induce mental stress and cause a decrease in performance in athletes. If it is possible to elucidate the intervention effects of the sleep-low strategy implemented for a shorter period than that in previous studies, there will be growing expectation to achieve training aiming to improve athletes’ performance and dietary restriction aiming at weight loss without incurring stress due to long-term dietary restrictions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the intervention effect of a short-term intensive sleep-low method.
Methodsː The purpose of this study was to clarify the intervention effect of a short-term intensive sleep-low method. A total of 22 subjects were recruited among university students participating in sports club activities. The experimental period was two weeks. In the first week, both groups took a usual diet. In the second week, the sleep-low group was prohibited to consume carbohydrates after 16:00, while the control group continued to take the usual diet. In both groups, the calorie intake and carbohydrate intake in the second week should be equivalent to those in the first week. During the study period of two weeks, all subjects ran for one hour every day before breakfast at a heart rate of 65% of their maximum heart rate, based on the data obtained from preliminary measurements.
Resultsː The results obtained from young adults participating in sports showed significant differences in VO2peak, work rate max, RQ, body weight, and lean body mass after intervention compared to before intervention in the sleep-low group (p < 0.05).
Conclusionsː The present results indicate that Sleep-Low method, even when performed for short term, markedly improves fat metabolism. However, there is a need to consider nutritional intake other than carbohydrates.
Research and Community Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Resource-Limited Setting: A mixed methods study with Epidemic Preparedness Implications
Authors: Kaawa-Mafigiri David , Muyomba Dickson , Kisakye Irene Sheila , Semakula Daniel , Sewankambo Nelson K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
When WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus pandemic in 2020, Uganda was unprepared to prevent and control its spread or manage the COVID-19 and non-COVID patients. A community trial to assess the efficacy of an intensive community engagement and risk communication (CERC) was contemplated. However, a baseline assessment of the existing CERC status and the challenges of conducting community research in the early months of the pandemic was necessary.
Methods
A community baseline face-to-face mixed-methods study with a quantitative survey and qualitative research (in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household conversations) was implemented in 15 parishes (6 and 9 in Kawempe and Nakawa divisions respectively) of Kampala Capital City Authority, Uganda. We employed a multistage sampling strategy that allocated parishes and villages based on their proportional contribution to the overall population for the planned CERC trial which was to follow. The baseline study, was conducted during the pandemic from July 2020 to February 2021.
Results
There were 852 respondents with median age 32 years (IQR 25–42). Majority were females (n = 610, 73·05%), and household heads (n = 391, 46·5%) followed by spouses of household heads (n = 305, 36·1%) and children (n = 68, 8%). Most were low-and middle-income workers. Some had tertiary education (n = 206, 24·2%), ordinary level (n = 195, 23·3%), primary education (n = 201, 24·01%), and no formal education (n = 142, 16%). Many potential challenges to research involving CERC were identified and were categorized into three main interrelated domains: a) implementation challenges b) social, cultural, and political context of the research, and c) budgetary and funding constraints.
Conclusions
The three interrelated challenges identified in this study should be considered in future plans for epidemic and pandemic preparedness. The practical application of conventional concepts like CE, risk communication, qualitative research methods must be re-examined prior to epidemics and pandemics to improve their applicability and responsiveness during complex, dynamic epidemics and pandemics.
Novel Apocynin regulates TRPV1 activity in the trigeminal system and controls pain in a temporomandibular joint neurogenic model
Authors: Machado Taisa Maria Mendes Matuiama , Aquino Iara Gonçalves , Franchin Marcelo , Zarraga Miguel O , Bustos Daniel , Spada Fernanda Papa , Napimoga Marcelo Henrique , Clemente-Napimoga Juliana Trindade , Alencar Severino Matias , Benso Bruna , Abdalla Henrique Ballassini 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
Herein, we investigate the potential analgesic effect of a newly synthesized chalcone-derived apocynin in a neurogenic pain model.
Methods
Molecular docking was used to foretell the apocynin binding features and dynamics with the TRPV1 channel, and the activity was tested in vitro, using transfected HEK 293T cells with the rat TRPV1 receptor. The analgesic effect of apocynin was investigated using a capsaicin-induced pain model. The expression of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8, and MAPKs was assessed by electrophoresis, and immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the neurotransmitters Substance P, Glutamate, and CGRP. A survival assay using Galleria mellonella was carried out to determine the toxicity.
Results
We observed that apocynin exhibits greater thermodynamic stability. Upon apocynin ligand binding, it changes the electrostatic potential for a predominantly electronegative state in the interior and neutral in its external vanilloid pocket. Treatment of apocynin induces antinociceptive effects against the noxious challenge of capsaicin. Histologically, apocynin decreased the number of TRPV1+ immunopositive cells. Electrophoresis showed reduced phosphorylation of p44/42 (ERK1/2) and decreased protein levels of substance P, and CGRP. In the survival assay, apocynin showed low toxicity.
Conclusions
In conclusion, we provide proof-of-principles that the newly synthesized apocynin compound effectively prevented nociception in a neurogenic model of orofacial pain.