bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions of Poly(4-trimethylsilylmethylstyrene) in the Presence of Polycyanobenzenes
Authors: Mizuno Kazuhiko , Kobata Toshitsugu , Maeda Ryouichi , Otsuj Yoshio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The photoreactions of poly(4-trimethylsilylmethylstyrene) (2) with o-, m-, and p-dicyanobenzenes in benzene-acetonitrile (3:2) afforded insoluble polymers in high yields. On the other hand, the photoreaction of 2 with 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene gave a soluble polymer. In the latter photoreaction, the trimethylsilyl group of 2 was efficiently replaced by 2,4,5-tricyanophenyl group. The mechanistic features for the formation of insoluble polymers were also described.
A Facile Access to 3-Hydroxycephems from Penicillin G through Bi/Sn or Ti/Sn Redox-Promoted Cyclization of 4-(Phenylsulfonylthio)azetidinones
Authors: Tanaka Hideo , Taniguchi Masatoshi , Kameyama Yutaka , Monnin Marc , Sasaoka Michio , Shiroi Takashi , Nagao Shigemitsu , Torii Sigeru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Direct conversion of 1-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-p-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl-1-propenyl)-4-(phenylsulfonylthio)azetidinones derived from penicillin G into 3-hydroxycephems was performed successfully by the action with BiCl4/Sn or TiCl4/Sn bimetal redox couples in DMF containing pyridine.
High Cation Extractabilities of Acyclic Ionophores Having Quinaldate Moieties and Their Conformations in Solution
Authors: Wakita Ryuhei , Fujiwara Kazuhiko , Nakatsuji Yohji , Okahara Mitsuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
New acyclic ionophores with two quinaldate terminal moieties showed efficient extraction abilities toward alkali metal ions; one of them extracted K+ on about the same level with unsubstituted 18-crown-6. Their conformations in solution were examined by 1H NMR.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of 2-Hydroxyiminocarboxylic Acid Esters. Cobalt(II) Catalyzed α-Oximation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters with Butyl Nitrite and Phenylsilane
Authors: Kato Koji , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Various α,β-unsaturated esters are directly converted to the corresponding 2-hydroxyiminocarboxylic acid esters with butyl nitrite and phenylsilane in high yields by use of N,N′-bis(2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-oxobutylidene)ethylenediaminato cobalt(II) complex as catalyst under mild condition.
Improved Stability by Two-Dimensional Crosslinking of Langmuir–Blodgett Films of a Polyamine/Polycarboxylate Salt
Authors: Ueno Tetuo , Kunitake Toyoki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A polyion complex of a maleic acid copolymer with poly(allylamine) was transferred onto solid substrates by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, and converted by heating at 150 °C in vacuo to a two-dimensionally crosslinked film. The pinhole-free, imidecrosslinked LB film (6 layers) on a Fluoropore membrane did not deteriorate when immersed in water or in benzene.
Wavelength-dependent Photofading of Zinc Phthalocyanin in the Presence of an Electron Donor
Authors: Nishimura Yoshinobu , Kaneko Yuji , Arai Tatsuo , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi , Ktten Mariko , Yamamura Shigeo , Matsunaga Daisaku 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Zinc(II) phthalocyanintetrasulfonate exhibits a remarkable wavelength effect in its photoreduction with triethanolamine. This compound is durable to visible light but reduced on irradiation with near-UV light.
Extracyclic Stereocontrol in Addition Reaction of Crotylsilanes with 2-Substituted 2-Cyclopentenones. Stereodivergent Synthesis of (+)-Neonepetalactone and (+)-Isoneoneptalactone
Authors: Pan Li-Rui , Tokoroyama Takashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The addition reaction of E- and Z-crotylsilanes with 2-substituted 2-cyclopentenones showed the preference of erythro and threo products respectively. The refinement of the selectivity was investigated and the result was utilized for efficient syntheses of the title natural products.
The Absolute Stereochemistry of Salvinorins
Authors: Koreeda Masato , Brown Lindsey , Valdés III Leander J 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The absolute stereostructures of the hallucinogenic diterpenes salvinorin A and B have been unambiguously determined by the use of the non-empirical exciton chirality circular dichroism method on their 1α,2α-diol dibenzoate derivative.
Solid Electrolyte CO2 Sensor Using Binary Carbonate Electrode
Authors: Yao Sheng , Shimizu Youichi , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A simple potentiometric CO2 sensor based upon a Na+-conducting solid electrolyte (NASICON) was found to be greatly improved in response time and water vapor-resistance by using a binary carbonate electrode of BaCO3–Na2CO3. For a wide range of CO2 concentration from 4 to 400000 ppm, the electromotive force examined at 823 K followed a Nernst’s equation excellently, with a 90% response time of as short as 8 s. Water vapor hardly affected the sensor characteristics, in contrast to the case of a pure Na2CO3 electrode.
Tin(IV) Chloride Catalyzed Addition of Methyl 2-Oxo-3-alkenoates to Simple Alkenes
Authors: Sera Akira , Ohara Meguru , Yamada Hiroaki , Egashira Emiko , Ueda Naohiro , Setsune Jun-ichiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Tin(IV) chloride catalyzed inverse electron demand hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of substituted methyl 2-oxo-3-alkenoates with simple alkenes led to methyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylates in satisfactory yields. The addition proceeded stereospecifically through an exo transition state.
Nucleophilic Substitutions at Olefinic Carbon Atoms. S-N and N-N Exchange Reactions of 4-Trifluoroacetyl- and 4,4-Bis(trifluoroacetyl)-1,3-butadienyl Sulfides and -Amines with Various Amines
Authors: Hojo Masaru , Masuda Ryoichi , Okada Etsuji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Nucleophilic substitutions at olefinic carbon atoms of 4-trifluoroacetyl- and 4,4-bis(trifluoroacetyl)-1,3-butadienyl sulfides and -amines with various amines proceed easily under mild conditions to give the corresponding S-N and N-N exchanged products.
Oxidative Addition of Halo(methyl)silanes to an In Situ Generated Ir(I) Complex and β-Hydride Elimination Reaction of the Resulting (Methylsilyl)iridium Complexes
Authors: Yamashita Hiroshi , Kawamoto Aparecida M , Tanaka Masato , Goto Midori 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Halomethylsilanes (MeSiCl3, Me3SiI, Me2SiCl2, Me3SiCl, and Me3SiBr) undergo oxidative addition to IrH(pipr3)2 in situ generated from IrH5(pipr3)2 and two equivalent neohexene to form halo(organosilyl)iridium(III) complexes. In addition, the resulting (methylsilyl)iridium complexes undergo β-hydride elimination reactions leading to the formation of dihydroiridium species.
Ni(1,4,8,11-tetrathiaundecane). Synthesis of a Square Planar NiS2S−2 Complex in Terms of CO-dehydrogenase
Authors: Yamamura Takeshi , Arai Hiroki , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Miyamae Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Ni(1,4,8,11-tetrathiaundecane), the mononuclear nickel complex of 1,4,8,11-tetrathiaundecane, was synthesized, and the molecular structure was studied by X-ray crystallography. The XANES spectrum of the coordination unit, a square planar NiS2S−2 geometry, was discussed in terms of the nickel in CO-dehydrogenases.
Structural Stability of Lecithin Liposomes as Improved by Adding an Artificial Boundary Lipid
Authors: Sunamoto Junzo , Goto Mitsuaki , Akiyoshi Kazunari 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Enzymatic lyses of phosphatidylcholine liposomes by phospholipase A2 and D are significantly depressed by adding an artificial boundary lipid, 1,2-dimyristoylamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine (DDPC). Most interestingly, DDPC was not the substrate even for phospholipase D and phospholipase A2 as well.
Facile Synthesis of Alkylthiophosphonium Salts of Tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine and Their Reactions with Thiols
Authors: Wada Masanori , Kanzaki Mituyuki , Fujiwara Masanobu , Kajihara Kazuhisa , Erabi Tatsuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine sulfide reacted with alkyl iodides or bromides under mild conditions to give stable alkylthiophosphonium salts, which reacted with thiols at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine to give the tertiary phosphonium salt and unsymmetrical disulfides.
The Effect of Preheating Treatment on the Pyrolysis of Chlorophyll-a. Simulation of Diagenetic Processes in Kerogen Formation
Authors: Ishiwatari Mariko , Ishiwatari Ryoshi , Sakashita Haru , Tatsumi Takashi , Tominaga Hiro-o 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Pyrolysis of chlorophyll-a preheated at 250 °C has been carried out to investigate the precursor of 1-pristene often observed in pyrolysis products of kerogens. The 1-pristene/(phytadienes + phytene) ratio increased with increasing preheating time, suggesting the significance of the moiety derived from chlorophyll as the precursor of 1-pristene.
Selective Hydrodechlorination of CFC-113 to 1-Chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene over Supported Ni Catalysts
Authors: Ueda Wataru , Tomioka Satoshi , Morikawa Yutaka , Sudo Motonori , Ikawa Tsuneo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Various metal oxides have been examined as catalysts for the hydrodechlorination of CFC-113 to form 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethylene (CFC-1113). NiO was most effective and over silica gel- or Y zeolite-supported Ni catalyst, 100% conversion of CFC-113 and 96% selectivity to CFC-1113 were attained.
Conductometric Determination of Boric Acid by Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Sorbitol as a Complexing Agent
Authors: Zenki Michio , Ohtani Jun , Ikeda Takahiko , Tôei Kyoji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Separation and determination of boric acid by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with conductivity detection have been demonstrated. D-Sorbitol was used as a precolumn complexing agent for boric acid and water as the mobile phase. The detection limit was 20 ng ml−1.
Highly Conductive Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Pyrolytic Polyimide
Authors: Akatsuka Takahisa , Tanaka Hideaki , Toyama Jiro , Nakamura Takayoshi , Kawabata Yasujiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Highly conductive Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films were obtained by the pyrolysis of polyimide LB films at 1000 °C in vacuum or under nitrogen atmosphere. The films showed the conductivity of as high as 300 S/cm, depending on the thickness of the film. The highest conductivity so far obtained was 600 S/cm. The film was stable under ambient conditions over months.
Reactions of Sulfoxides Bearing ortho-Sulfur Functional Groups and Thianthrene Monooxide with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Furukawa Naomichi , Ogawa Satoshi , Matsumura Kazunori , Shibutani Tadao , Fujihara Hisashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Diaryl sulfoxides bearing ortho-sulfur substituents react readily with Grignard reagents on the sulfur atom to produce the corresponding phenyl Grignard reagents bearing ortho-sulfur functional group. Furthermore, thianthrene monooxide was found to react with alkyl Grignard reagents affording o,o′-bis-Grignard reagent of diphenyl sulfide which was converted easily to Martin’s sulfurane.
Comparative evaluation of a new immunoradiometric assay for corticotropin
Authors: Wilkinson Charles W. , Raff Hershel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have characterized the performance of a commercial two-site immunoradiometric assay for manual in vitro diagnostic measurement of plasma corticotropin from Scantibodies Laboratory. We compared the results with those of a similar commonly used assay from Nichols Institute Diagnostics that has recently been withdrawn from production. The lower detection limit, range of the standard curve, cross-reactivity, and intra-assay and inter-assay imprecision of the two assays are very similar. Measurement of clinical samples and a series of samples from an experimental subject demonstrate high correlations between the two assays. These factors, together with recent clearance by the United States Food and Drug Administration for manual in vitro diagnostic measurement, make the Scantibodies corticotropin immunoradiometric assay an appropriate replacement for the Nichols assay.
Entwicklung und Test mikroschwingungstechnischer Belastungseinrichtungen für ein optisches Messsystem zur Zuverlässigkeitsanalyse von Sensoren (Development and Test of Micro-vibration Loading Techniques for an Optical Measuring System for Sensor Reliability Analyses)
Authors: Rümmler Norbert , Schnitzer René 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Für ein optisches Messsystem zur Analyse und Sicherung der Langzeitzuverlässigkeit von Mikrosystemen wurden zwei Demonstratoren mikroschwingungstechnischer Belastungseinrichtungen (Module) entwickelt. Das Akusto-Modul basiert auf einem speziellen Hochton-Lautsprecher. Mit dem Körperschall-Modul werden Sensorstrukturen berührend über einen Piezoaktuator angeregt. Zum Charakterisieren der thermo-mechanischen, insbesondere der dynamischen Sensoreigenschaften wird ein Laser-Scanning-Vibrometer eingesetzt. Die spektrale Lage der Eigenfrequenzen, die Amplitudenhöhe und die dazugehörigen Schwingformen gestatten Aussagen zum Bauteilverhalten und damit auch zur Zuverlässigkeit.
Evaluierung optischer Messmethoden am Beispiel mikromechanischer Bauelemente (Evaluation of Optical Measurement Techniques for the Characterization of Micromechanical Devices)
Authors: Kunz Ulrich , Müller-Fiedler Roland 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Es wurden optische Messmethoden hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Charakterisierung von mikromechanischen Bauelementen bewertet.
Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt war das Langzeitmonitoring von Materialeigenschaften mittels optischer Messtechniken. Dies wurde am Beispiel von HF-MEMS-Schaltern untersucht.
Relations between the invasive Cinnamomum verum and the endemic Phoenicophorium borsigianum on Mané island, Seychelles
Authors: Fleischmann Karl 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. In the Seychelles the endemic palm Phoenicophorium borsigianum and the aggressively invasive alien Cinnamomum verum are competitors in a series of habitats. The extent to which demographic variables (relative growth rates of leaf area (RGRAL) and height (RGRR) together with mortality and recruitment) were important determinants of the competitive ability of the above species was investigated.It was studied whether competitive relations between Cinnamomum and Phoenicophorium can change with light intensity as a result of different morphological responses and to what extent native plants such as Phoenicophorium can establish, regenerate and potentially outcompete Cinnamomum in important biodiversity sites in mountain mist forest and intermediate forest habitats. The light intensity in terms of diffuse site factors (DifSF) was estimated at 32 microsites from hemispherical photographs using a computerized image analysis system. A new plant growth analysis function, the so‐called leaf area height index (ALHI), has been introduced and a principal components analysis (PCA) was carried out to evaluate the seedling performance of Cinnamomum and Phoenicophorium. Competition between Cinnamomum and Phoenicophorium was greatly influenced by the amount of available photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). For both species there was a negative correlation between mean leaf area of seedlings and light levels. Phoenicophorium responded significantly better in terms of RGRAL and ALHI to low gap light levels than Cinnamomum. Both species showed no further response to direct sunlight with levels of 98.7 % diffuse site factor. Phoenicophorium and probably other palms endemic to the Seychelles such as Deckenia nobilis and Roscheria melanochaetes act as a filter affecting the distribution and abundance of establishing Cinnamomum seedlings. Mortality of Cinnamomum was strongly negatively correlated with levels of PAR while Phoenicophorium showed no such correlation. Unlike Phoenicophorium, Cinnamomum could establish and regenerate only in light levels of >7.5 % diffuse site factor.
Stimulation of seed germination in an abandoned hay meadow
Authors: Losvik M.H. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. In order to stimulate germination from the soil seed bank in a formerly species‐rich hay meadow for conservation purposes, eight gaps were made in each of four habitat types: (1) Dry/open, (2) Dry/shaded, (3) Moist/open and (4) Moist/ shaded; the meadow was abandoned 12 yr before the experiment started. The mean tree cover of the gaps was reduced from 50 % to 22 %. Light was estimated as distance to nearest tree towards south and shade as tree cover. Soil moisture content was estimated from topography and measured from soil samples.There were no significant differences in total herb number between strata before the experiment started. The number of the target group herb indicators of old, traditional management, was however higher in dry, open areas than in shaded areas whether moist or dry. After the treatment, 15 herbs appeared anew in the gaps, nine of these were indicators of traditional management. 80 % of the indicators present after treatment were either new or had increased in frequency in the gaps. More indicators of traditional management appeared in gaps in the open, on dry soils in slopes than in shaded gaps, on moist soils and flat surface. In order to stimulate germination from the seed bank of as many herb indicators of traditional management as possible in abandoned hay meadows of the region, dry, sloping areas, situated as far as possible from large trees towards south and in the open, should be chosen for making gaps for germination.
Patterns of species richness in a limestone grassland under different treatments in relation to spatial scale
Authors: Huber Renate 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. In an experiment in a limestone grassland on the Baltic island of Öland, SE Sweden, nutrient and water supply, light intensity and grazing regime were altered in 10 combinations during four years in 10 plots of 0.25 m2 with subplots of 0.01 m2 and 0.0004 m2.Only the combined application of fertilizer and shade led to a strong decrease in average species richness (S1) at all scales. When comparing species numbers summed up over all 10 replicates of each treatment (Sn) at the three quadrat sizes, differences in effect of these treatments were much smaller, and were so already at the finest scale.α‐diversity, measured as (Sn ‐ S1 was quite constant over different scales for most treatments, i.e. diversity did not increase with an increase in scale. The ‘richness ratio’Sn/S1 decreased with increasing scale, indicating an increasing degree of homogeneity at larger scales.Treatments which only included fertilizer or shade, maintained high species richness; this high richness was also maintained in combination with grazing and could then be explained by the denser packing of vegetation. Patterns of species richness were correlated at the large scale, but not at the finer scales, indicating a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity at the finer scales. With increasing quadrat size species persistence increased which explains the small effect of certain treatments.Clearly, a range of scales has to be sampled in this type of vegetation to be able to measure different patterns, which may occur under different experimental treatments. The finest scale in this study can become too small, when certain treatments result in a coarse‐grained vegetation pattern. The quadrat size of 10 cm x 10 cm should be included in the range of scales. It combines accuracy in sampling with efficiency in time effort, a reasonably large number of species sampled, and a strong differentiation in the effects of the various treatments.
Four‐node semi‐EAS element in six‐field nonlinear theory of shells
Authors: Chróścielewski J. , Witkowski W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe propose a new four‐node C0 finite element for shell structures undergoing unlimited translations and rotations. The considerations concern the general six‐field theory of shells with asymmetric strain measures in geometrically nonlinear static problems. The shell kinematics is of the two‐dimensional Cosserat continuum type and is described by two independent fields: the vector field for translations and the proper orthogonal tensor field for rotations. All three rotational parameters are treated here as independent. Hence, as a consequence of the shell theory, the proposed element has naturally six engineering degrees of freedom at each node, with the so‐called drilling rotation. This property makes the element suitable for analysis of shell structures containing folds, branches or intersections. To avoid locking phenomena we use the enhanced assumed strain (EAS) concept. We derive and linearize the modified Hu–Washizu principle for six‐field theory of shells. What makes the present approach original is the combination of EAS method with asymmetric membrane strain measures. Based on literature, we propose new enhancing field and specify the transformation matrix that accounts for the lack of symmetry. To gain knowledge about the suitability of this field for asymmetric strain measures and to assess the performance of the element, we solve typical benchmark examples with smooth geometry and examples involving orthogonal intersections of shell branches. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for children with HIV‐associated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Fluri Simon , Ammann Roland , Lüthy Annette Ridolfi , Hirt Andreas , Aebi Christoph , Duppenthaler Andrea , Leibundgut Kurt 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn contrast to adults, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as part of the salvage strategy after high‐dose chemo/radiotherapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is not yet established for children. We report on a 13‐year patient with congenital HIV infection and refractory Burkitt lymphoma, who was successfully treated by high‐dose therapy (HDT) including rituximab followed by ASCT. After 26 months follow‐up the patient remains in complete remission and his HIV parameters have normalized with continued highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV infection may no longer exclude children from ASCT as part of salvage therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:984–987. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal follow‐up of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaicism
Authors: Langlois Sylvie , Yong Paul J. , Yong Siu Li , Barrett Irene , Kalousek Dagmar K. , Miny Peter , Exeler Rita , Morris Kathy , Robinson Wendy P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the long‐term outcome of pregnancies prenatally diagnosed with trisomy 16 and identify variables associated with the outcome.MethodsWe reviewed all published and our unpublished data from trisomy 16 pregnancies for which outcomes were available for children of greater than 1 year of age.ResultsNineteen cases were diagnosed with trisomy 16 on chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and 17 cases at amniocentesis. Age at last follow‐up ranges from 1 to13 years. Among the CVS group, four out of five patients, with a birth weight and/or length below −2 SD and postnatal growth information, showed catch‐up growth (80%). Among the amniotic fluid (AF) group, the birth weight was available in 13 cases. Eleven of the 13 cases had a birth weight less than −2 SD. In eight cases, the length was also below −2 SD (length data unavailable in one case). Nine out of ten cases (90%) and seven out of eight (87.5%) showed catch‐up growth for weight and length, respectively. In terms of development, no cases of CVS mosaicism had global developmental delay. One child had a history of delay in speech development. Among the AF‐detected cases, 4/17 cases had global developmental delay. All four children with global developmental delay had more than one major malformation compared to 6 out of 32 children in the group with normal development (p = 0.004). The finding of uniparental disomy (UPD) was not associated with developmental delay.ConclusionsThe majority of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 16 mosaic cases have a good postnatal outcome. However, the finding of mosaicism on AF and the presence of major congenital anomalies are associated with an increased risk of developmental delay. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.