bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Safety Coach: Reinventing the Field HSE Professional
Authors: Sealy I. , Engel H. , Cocking D. , Haynes J 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In recent years, Exploration and Production (E&P) and contractor organizations have adopted management systems as their primary tool for Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) performance delivery. Consequently, HSE personnel in field operations support roles have found that their time is increasingly consumed by systems support tasks. Confronted by these demands on established HSE staff and by static, or deteriorating, HSE outputs, we identified that a completely different approach was required to provide HSE support to field operations groups. We believe that this new approach offers significant advantages when compared with—and also complements—the role of conventional HSE personnel.
This paper describes how we created and implemented the role of the Safety Coach. Stripped of almost all administrative and systems-support responsibilities, the Safety Coach provides mentoring, audit, inspection and risk management support directly to field operations crews at the wellsite. Our experience shows that the Safety Coach delivers significant improvements in both input (leading) and output (lagging) HSE performance indicators.
This paper defines the role and responsibilities for the Safety Coach position. It describes selecting personnel and setting performance metrics and performance targets. It reviews HSE performance for operations groups that have been supported by a Safety Coach position and compares that performance with operations groups in the same service company organization that have not been supported by a Safety Coach.
Taking Health to Remote Host Communities: Our RiverBoat Clinic Experience
Authors: Ajayi Pa , Fagade O. A. , Kpiasi O , Faleyimu B. L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Taking Health to remote Host Communities: Our RiverBoat Clinic experience.
Arising from a desire to positively impact the lives of people in its areas of operation, Chevron Nigeria, on behalf of the NNPC/Chevron Joint Venture, in 1992 built and commissioned a model 18-bedded community health facility - the Ugborodo Community Cottage Hospital for its host communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria1. This hospital which served about seven villages with an estimated total population of 60,000, located round Chevron's Escravos Tank Farm, provided emergency and primary health care free of charge, and was in fact the only health facility available and accessible to the host communities. This hospital was burnt down during one of the inter-ethnic communal crises in May 1999, and plans for its rebuilding have advanced. Continued provision of healthcare services to these communities became a major challenge. In January 2001, Chevron built and commissioned a riverboat ambulance, which has become of immense value in providing healthcare to these communities in the difficult mangrove terrain of the company's area of operation.
This mobile health facility runs regular scheduled visits to the various communities and is able to cover a wide area. It is well accepted and highly valued by the host communities.
It is run in partnership with the Delta State Government of Nigeria and the relevant local government authorities; benefiting communities are encouraged to play active roles in this program.
A memorandum of understanding was signed between Chevron, the State government and representatives of host communities to define scope of the service and assign roles to the key players.
This paper will discuss the mode of operation of the riverboat clinic, the scope of its services, community perception and participation, opportunities it has provided for partnering with government and host communities as well as the common medical problems encountered with other relevant data.
Health Performance Indicators
Authors: Smith D 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In an effort to protect and improve the health of personnel involved in upstream oil and gas activities, the industry has, for the first time, started to collect Health Performance Indicators (HPI) from its operations around the world.
Pro-active and reactive indicators are being collected. The pro-active indicators focus on the number and nature of the health risk assessments an organisation has undertaken (eg number of site visits by health professionals, ergonomic assessments and community impact assessments). The reactive indicators measure incident rates expressed in terms of Occupational Illness Categories (e.g. back problems and lower limb disorders, mental ill-health and noise induced hearing loss).
The paper presents the results and the lessons learnt from the year 2000 HPI data collection programme.
Eight organisations, seven of which are OGP members, provided HPI data in varying levels of detail. Initial analysis of the data indicates a predominance of health problems associated with back, neck and lower/upper limb disorders. Infections/preventable diseases and mental ill-health problems also feature as a major contributor to the health statistics.
The paper presents the approach being adopted by the industry to improve the quantity and quality of the data to be collected in future years. In particular it is recognised that there is a requirement to define better certain parameters, such as what constitutes a valid and reasonable health risk assessment.
Inconsistencies with Statistical Incident Reporting
Authors: Huebler Vicki L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Today, so much is measured! We are constantly challenging ourselves for better, faster and more efficient results. However, the way we count our incident statistics is not consistent, and all of us, in all industries, are measured against these indicators. Future jobs, contracts and, in many cases, personal incentives ride on these numbers.
This paper exposes some of the differences in the definitions and resulting frequency rates. The intent is to highlight the differences in the numbers for which we are responsible. Minor definitional differences show how frequency rates can be affected, especially when making comparisons.
This paper also stresses the need to move forward with the development of a standard reporting system. We know that we must continue to reduce incidents. However, to truly measure performance, we must first acknowledge the incident, measure consistently and accurately, and then promote measures to prevent recurrence.
Reducing Risk of Oilfield Chemicals to Marine Environments – Development Practices, Achievements and Benefits
Authors: Hill Donald G. , Dismuke Keith , Shepherd William , Romijn Henk , Witt Irena , Wennberg K. E. , Poitrenaud Hugues , Gruner Hans , Perez Daniel 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the results of aggressive chemical development and replacement programs for stimulation chemicals for worldwide application. Developing more environmentally acceptable products requires working with regulatory agencies, clients and chemical suppliers to achieve compliance with relevant international statutes, such as environmental, occupational, transportation, and trade control for Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), labels and environmental testing protocol. Technical achievements are only realized by continued commitment and product improvements to meet or exceed Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) goals.
One oilfield service company's approach to the global issue of chemical management, based mainly on North Sea experience in wellbore stimulation, is described. The guidelines and process for product development or replacement are outlined and presented. The program ensured that Quality, Health, Safety and Environment (QHSE) issues were kept at the forefront in the product lifecycle development and management process.
This paper recognizes that international environmental statutes and guidelines are the strongest driving force to restrict industrial use and discharge of environmentally harmful chemicals. The development of more environmentally acceptable products requires a thorough screening of environmental fitness and status of compliance with relevant laws and regulations. The environmental improvement initiative addresses human health as well. Results of the program verify that environmentally improved products can be efficient, as well as cost effective.
This paper presents 3 years of field results achieved using environmentally improved stimulation products in the North Sea area. Oilfield chemicals used in the study were replacement products designed through an aggressive program to address environmental opportunities and issues in product development and application. Case histories from the Heidrun field in northern Norwegian sector, 75 mi from the Arctic Circle, and stimulation operations in the Valhall field in southern Norway are presented.
Sharing the Akassa Process: 5 Years of Building Partnerships and Seeking Sustainability in the Niger Delta
Authors: Knight Bill , Alagoa Nalaguo Chris 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
After five years of experimentation in Nigeria's troubled oil-producing Niger Delta, unlikely but remarkable partners who typically won’t work together are doing just that! Though in some cases this strange alliance is limited to funding, the emphasis is less on patronage than on partnership, more on sustainability than short-term success.
The leaders of the process are the Akassa Clan. Central to the process, needing both peace and having a clear exit strategy, is the oil industry. An NGO facilitates, assisted by local and international volunteers and occasional consultants from a state university. It is a deliberately participatory process, involving all corners of the Clan in problem analysis and decision-making. In the mangroves, ill-educated village people ponder, plan and plunk-out project proposals on their programme's second-hand computers, persuading people to partner them in the implementation of Akassa's Development Programme.
Gradually they have drawn into the process numerous stakeholders with wide-ranging social concerns and academic or other interests but perhaps little in common. In Akassa, these oil men, academics, scientists, businessmen and volunteers, governments and donors, variously help ordinary villagers to focus on common problems, promoting income generation through eco-tourism or primary health care by capacity-building. Drag these bodies to a round table and they might not even talk to each other. In Akassa, they actively partner a local cause!

Results, Conclusions
This has not been an un-troubled, fault-free nor easy process but it has proceeded beyond questioning: ‘Will it work?’ It does! Now the questions are: ‘Is it sustainable?’ ‘Can it be replicated?’
In the long term, the Akassa will decide these questions themselves by respecting or breaking the forest and fisheries bye-laws they themselves are making as part of this process, or by building and managing the training centre they want instead of ‘chopping’ the donors' funding. Watchful, their neighbours are deciding whether they should extend the process. Some, with help from the oil industry, are already doing so.
Science vs Art: HIV/AIDS Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Programs. What Do we Know About Program Effectiveness in an International Setting?
Authors: Krieger Gary R. , Balge Marci Z. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The actual effectiveness of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programs for HIV/AIDS has been the source of substantial controversy. Since there is tremendous internally generated drive for companies to act as "good corporate citizens," the desire to mount both worker and community HIV/AIDS IEC programs is overwhelming. However, the measured effectiveness of these efforts is less certain. In the US, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently published a Compendium of HIV/AIDS program effectiveness based upon an exhaustive review of the published peer reviewed literature. This review found very few US based papers with actual numerical measures of program effectiveness. Similar data for international based papers has not been published, although it is under active consideration by the CDC.
Integrated Compositional Surface-Subsurface Modeling for Rate Allocation Calculations
Authors: Lobato-Barradas Gerardo , Dutta-Roy K. , Moreno-Rosas Agustin , Ozgen Cetin , Firincioglu Tuba 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An integrated fully compositional model describing the reservoir, wellbore and surface facilities was implemented and used to allocate the oil and gas production of 72 wells from six different fields. The model was used to simulate all the operational changes occurred in the twenty-year operating life-cycle of the fields, sharing common production and separation facilities.
Decline Curve Analysis Considering Non Laminar Flow in Two Porosity Systems
Authors: Rodríguez-Román J. , Camacho-Velázquez R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Most of the theoretical work on decline curve analysis with non-laminar flow in the reservoir consider either a dry gas or liquid flow in an homogeneous system. The purpose of this work is to analyze decline curves considering non-Darcy flow effect in the reservoir, for a slightly compressible liquid flow in dual-porosity systems at constant wellbore pressure.
The transient and boundary-dominated flow periods are examined by means of computer results generated with a finite differences simulator. Analytical expressions of velocity and wellbore rate are presented for the first time in this paper. These equations contain the laminar flow solution as a particular case. A method is proposed to identify the presence of inertial effects by plotting d(log(q))/d(log(t)) against log (t).
The method for area calculation under laminar conditions produces a good approximation for a reservoir under non- laminar flow. However, the presence of inertial effects distort the shape of decline curves resulting in erroneus estimates of wellbore and reservoir parameters by type curve analysis with laminar decline curves.
The utility of the methodology presented in this work is illustrated with synthetic examples.
Hole Quality: Why it Matters
Authors: Chen David C-K. , Gaynor Tom , Comeaux Blaine 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Hole quality is generally related to the "smoothness" of the wellbore or, sometimes, to wellbore stability. This paper will demonstrate that wellbore spiraling is the primary contributor to poor hole quality and that almost every well contains some degree of spiraling unless specific actions are taken to prevent it. Hole spiraling was first studied by Lubinski et al. in the 1950's, and they described it as a "crooked hole." Although the symptoms have been well recognized in the industry, only recently has a solution been proposed and tried specifically to cure hole spiraling. To implement the concept, two new drilling systems (a steerable motor and a rotary steerable) have been developed. Field data indicate that generating a straighter, high-quality wellbore has improved almost every aspect of drilling. These improvements include lower vibration, better bit life, fewer tool failures, faster drilling, better hole cleaning, lower torque and drag, better logging tool response, and better casing and cement jobs. Several case studies will be discussed to demonstrate the positive economic impact of producing a high-quality wellbore.
Comparison of Reservoir Properties and Development History: Spraberry Trend Field, West Texas and Chicontepec Field, Mexico
Authors: Cheatwood Chris J. , Guzman Alfredo E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Spraberry and Chicontepec fields are both giant oil fields contained within areally extensive, low porosity and low permeability submarine fan reservoirs. Each field has a gross interval of approximately 1,000-1,500 feet (300-450 m) with multiple reservoirs less than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) deep. Sand-prone intervals are laterally extensive and can be correlated regionally, but do have localized channeling. Both fields produce from solution-gas drive.
The Spraberry Trend Field, located in the Midland Basin of West Texas, was discovered in 1948. The field is estimated to contain over 10 billion barrels of original oil in place in a series of stacked Permian-age reservoirs covering over 2,500 square miles (6,475 sq. km). Cumulative production from the Spraberry is approximately 850 million barrels of oil and 3 trillion cubic feet of gas or approximately 8% of the original oil in place.
The Chicontepec Field, located in the Sierra Madre Oriental foothills in east-central Mexico, was first drilled in 1931. The field is estimated to contain 140 billion barrels of original oil in place and 35 trillion cubic feet of associated gas in a series of stacked Late Paleocene to Eocene-age reservoirs covering approximately 1,440 square miles (3,731 sq. km). Cumulative production from the Chicontepec Field is just over 140 million barrels of oil-equivalent or 0.1% of the original hydrocarbons in place.
However, the fields do differ significantly in their development history. Over 18,000 wells have produced some oil and gas from the Spraberry (over 10,000 currently producing) as compared to less than 1,000 in Chicontepec. Managing drilling costs, fracturing technology and controlling production costs along with economies of scale have allowed the Spraberry, once known as the world's largest uneconomic field, to be developed. Developing the Chicontepec field using similar methods would add significant reserves and production volumes for Mexico.
The Introduction of New-Generation Positive Displacement Motor Technology in Combination with Application-Specific PDC Bits: A Step Improvement in Drilling Performance on Horizontal Rotliegendes Sandstone Sections
Authors: Grindrod J. , Rayton C. , Sim C. , Biggs N. , Brown A. , Tayler P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Wells on the Jupiter field, UK Southern North Sea, require relatively long (1,000 – 5,372 ft) horizontal 6" hole sections to be drilled through the Permian age, Rotliegendes sandstone reservoir. Tight target tolerances on true vertical depth necessitate good directional control over the entire section length. Historically, the following technology combinations were utilised to drill these sections; high-speed turbines run in conjunction with polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits or diamond impregnated bits; conventional low speed Positive Displacement Motors (PDMs) coupled with both roller cone bits and PDC bits.
Drilling with turbines resulted in heavy drill bit wear due to high rotational speeds and required significant periods of orientation to combat the inherent left hand walk tendencies of the assemblies. Conventional PDM and roller cone assemblies gave rise to multiple trips due to bit bearing life limitations on run length. The problems of erratic PDC bit torque and stalling of conventional motors due to variable weight transfer coupled with motor torque output limitations, made attempts to use this combination unsuccessful.
The development of a new generation PDM that was able to produce significantly more power and torque than conventional motors, at comparable bit speeds, was introduced to overcome these problems. Compared with turbines the new generation Extra Power Motor, (XPM), was found to be easier to control, monitor and optimise, as both revolutions per minute (RPM) and power output are directly proportional to drilling fluid flow rate and motor differential pressure respectively.
In conjunction with the new XPM technology, application specific PDC bits featuring a unique tandem gauge were designed to maximise hole quality and therefore provide more even weight transfer to the bit. This combined with an optimised PDC cutting structure facilitated smooth torque output at the bit-rock interface and so supported the use of the new motor technology.
This paper uses case histories to describe how the application of this new technology on three wells led to a step improvement in performance when compared to conventional drilling methods. Gross section rate of penetration (ROP) was improved by up to 300%, and the operator achieved the longest horizontal section to date through the Rotliegendes. Future developments to meet ongoing challenges and realise the full potential of this technology are also presented.
Case History of First Use of Extended-Range EM MWD in Offshore, Underbalanced Drilling
Authors: Weisbeck D. , Blackwell G. , Park D. , Cheatham C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses the planning, results, problems, and lessons learned during the first use of the Extended-Range Electromagnetic (EM) MWD system for underbalanced drilling in an offshore well. The use of EM MWD in offshore applications has historically been limited due primarily to the difficulty of seabed deployment of the receiving antenna. In underbalanced drilling, however, EM is the MWD system of choice because mud-pulse telemetry has great difficulty operating in two-phase flow conditions commonly used. If underbalanced drilling is to become more frequently used offshore, then one limitation that must be overcome is the difficulty for MWD systems to provide real-time annular pressure, directional, and formation evaluation information.
Repsol-YPF-Maxus successfully used underbalanced drilling on Krisna Well D12 in offshore Indonesia to prevent massive lost circulation and stuck pipe in the reservoir. Although the total vertical depth of the well was relatively shallow (approximately 4,200 ft subsea), the very low resistivity of the formations above the reservoir precluded use of standard EM MWD services. The Extended-Range EM MWD system was used to extend the depth capability.
Drilling the HP/HT Moon Prospect Exploration Well
Authors: Ghosh Kallole , Wali Vinod K. , Bansal Sanjeev , Jaggi Anil , Oglesby Darrell W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Planning for the deep vertical exploration well, in shallow waters off the West Coast of India commenced more than a year ahead of drilling operations. The well was targeted to 4500m to explore deep objectives in a four-way closure. Bottom hole pressure was expected to be in excess of 12000 psi and formation temperatures were predicted to be higher than 400°F (205°C). A major challenge was mobilizing special high pressure equipment to an area with limited oilfield infrastructure. The successful drilling and formation evaluation of the well has validated the efficacy of the design philosophy, highlighted the critical importance of mud hydraulics, HP/HT rheology, temperature modeling, real time detection of pressure transition zones, and will significantly impact future exploratory drilling operations in the area.
Surface BOP - Management System & Design Guidelines
Authors: Azancot P. , Magne E. , Zhang J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the comprehensive Management System & Design Guidelines created to safely implement Surface BOPs in variety of environments. In particular, the Management System enables the use of the Surface BOP in environments other than the benign met ocean/formation conditions where these systems have been deployed to date.
The components of this Management System are: Introduction, Background and Philosophy; Performance Standards; Performance Assurance Process; Equipment Specifications and Verification; Performance Assurance Objectives; Surface BOP Design Guidelines & Governing Standards, Risk Management, Operating Procedures and Maintenance / Inspection Procedures
The paper concludes that use of such a comprehensive Management System enables the Surface BOP (SBOP) to be deployed in many environments.
SBOP technology significantly reduces the deck loading for rigs when compared to using conventional marine risers in deepwater and enables the use of smaller rigs in deepwater. The potential cost savings are large.