bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF BULL GORE INJURY
Authors: SINGH RAJA IVAN , THOMAS RAVl , ALEXANDER T. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn unusual and hitherto unreported presentation of a bull gore injury sustained during harvest festival celebrations is described. The patient was seen with the metal horn cover complete with decorative ribbons impacted in his orbit. The injury had caused a blowout fracture of the orbital floor, and at surgery the globe was retrieved from the maxillary antrum. The development of optic atrophy precluded useful vision in the injured eye.
INTRAVITREAL ANGIOSTRONGYLlASlS
Authors: SINGALAVANIJA APICHART , WANGSPA SAIRUNG , TESCHAREON SONGWUTI 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of intravitreal angiostrongyliasis is reported /n a Thai female who had eaten raw snails After immobilising the worm by use of an intravitreal cryoprobe it was successfully removed via the pars plana with vitreous foreign body forceps.
INDICATIONS FOR PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY: A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL REVIEW OF 511 CORNEAL SPECIMENS
Authors: M. v. Brooks ANNE , M. Weiner JOHN 
Published: November 2007

Abstract During the four‐and‐a‐half year period from January 1982 to June 1986, 511 penetrating keratoplasty specimens were submitted to the Pathology Department of The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Seventy per cent were from patients of the RMEH and the remainder were submitted from outside the HospitalThe cases were classified both clinically and pathologically The most frequent diagnosis was keratoconus, followed by scarring, regrafts, bullous keratopathy, acute or chronic ulceration, corneal dystrophies and a small miscellaneous groupPost‐herpetic scarring was the most common cause of scarring Bullous keratopathy was usually aphakic in origin in 1982, but after 1983 pseudophakc bullous keratopathy (PBK) was the most common cause of bullous keratopathy Acute ulceration was usually bacterial in origin, not infrequently with hypopyon
ETHMOID OSTEOMA, ORBITAL CELLULITIS AND ORBITAL EMPHYSEMA
Authors: CECIRE A. , HARRISON H. C. , P. NG FRACS, FRCS(Ed)  
Published: November 2007

AbstractA possibly unique association of an osteoma of the ethmoid sinus with orbital emphysema and orbital cellulitis is described. The osteoma, which had eroded through the orbital periosteum, was removed; the orbital periosteum was grafted with fascia lata and a partial external ethmoidectomy performed.
AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS
Authors: SOMMER ALFRED 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe vast majority of the world's 42 million blind are needlessly impaired. Epidemiologic studies are providing important insights into the cause of cataracts and provision of surgical services; ecologic approaches to the control of trachomatous corneal scarring; treatment and prevention of onchocerciasis; and early diagnosis and treatment of xerophthalmia among others. Continued research and application of existing knowledge can have a dramatic impact on the sight and lives of millions of people.
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SCLERITIS
Authors: McCLUSKEY PETER , WAKEFIELD DENIS 
Published: November 2007

AbstractScleritis is an important, severely destructive, chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the eye wall. It presents a difficult management problem, often requiring high‐dose systemic corticosteroid therapy or other immunosuppressive regimens to control the inflammatory response. A quantitative scleritis scoring system has been developed and its application to the assessment and management of scleral disease is discussed. This paper reviews current concepts in the management of scleral disease with emphasis on newer treatment modalities, such as pulse therapy with intravenously administered methylprednisolone or cyclophosphamide, and the use of orally administered cyclosporin.
A MODERN APPROACH TO LACRIMAL SURGERY
Authors: MORLET GEOFFREY C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this series of 129 lacrimal operations over a ten‐year period the techniques of simple and complex lacrimal surgery are discussed. Preoperative investigations included dye tests and radiological studies which determined the type of surgical procedure required. Meticulous haemostasis and identification of the surgical anatomy reduced the incidence of operative and postoperative complications. Where failures occurred re‐operation was performed with satisfactory results in all except one case. Lester Jones Pyrex tube techniques are described using a flow system of instrumentation designed to facilitate primary and secondary tube insertion and also tube replacement.
EYELID RECONSTRUCTION USING A MONOPEDICLE FLAP AND BUCCAL MUCOSA: REPORT OF 15 CASES
Authors: WHITEHOUSE GEOFFREY M. , FRANCIS IAN C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method is described for eyelid reconstruction to close a large defect involving the lid margin using a myocutaneous flap over a free buccal mucosal graft. The procedure was performed on 15 patients over a three‐year period. Thirteen patients had loss of lower lid tissue alone. One included the lateral canthus and one over 50% of both upper and lower lids. Results were good in all patients except the one with extensive reconstruction of both lids. Advantages over other techniques of lid reconstruction include ease of surgery, adaptability of the technique to any eyelid site, good tissue match and the need for only a one‐stage procedure.
INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION: A MODEL FOR THE THIRD WORLD
Authors: BRIAN GARRY , HOLLOWS FRED , BEAUMONT JOHN , HOLT PETER 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntracapsular cataract extraction has long been thought of as the appropriate technique to deal with the backlog of Third World cataract blindness. However, this operation may not be as sight effective as many believe. The authors offer their experience of intraocular lens implantation in the Torres Strait as a model for a more visually appropriate surgical cure for Third World cataract.
A CASE OF CONGENITAL ECTROPION IN DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: MILLER ROSS , MARTIN FRANK , ALLEN HUGH 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA rare case of primary congenital ectropion of all 4 eyelids in a child with Down's syndrome is reported to emphasise the problems of surgical management and to distinguish the condition from congenital eversion of the eyelids. Congenital ectropion is associated with other eyelid abnormalities and usually requires surgical measures to protect the cornea in contrast to congenital eversion which is characterised by the protrusion of oedematous conjunctiva from everted eyelids. This usually resolves spontaneously with simple supportive measures and no structural or functional eyelid abnormality remains.
Betaxolol
Authors: FRACO Ivan Goldberg 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDrugs classified as beta‐blockers have proved to be valuable in the treatment of patients with glaucoma. Timolol has become the most widely used ocular hypotensive agent. Actual and potential side effects associated with its non‐selective beta‐blockade have prevented its use in patients with reactive airways disease, and to a lesser extent, with various cardiovascular conditions. Betaxolol is a relatively selective beta‐1 blocker which in most patients is almost as effective as timolol in lowering intraocular pressure, and may be partly additive with dipivefrin. It is probably safer in patients unable to tolerate non‐selective beta‐blockers. However, it needs to be used with caution in these patients, who are unpredictably susceptible to systemic side effects.
Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia—an unusual initial presenting sign of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Crompton John L. , Burrow Donald J. , Iyer Prema V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 63‐year‐old man presented six days after the sudden onset of horizontal double vision. His left eye became divergent two days later. On initial examination he had bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia with weakness of adduction and abducting nystagmus. Convergence was weak but there were no other neuro‐ophthalmic signs. Constitutional signs included confusion and unsteadiness on his feet. A provisional diagnosis of arteritis was made. His ESR was 92 mm/h and a superficial temporal artery biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. After two weeks or oral prednisolone his eye movements returned to normal. There have been no further relapses.This would appear to be a unique presentation of giant cell arteritis. The causes of internuclear ophthalmoplegia are discussed along with a review of the ocular and neuro‐ophthalmic signs of giant cell arteritis.
Tinted lenses and dyslexics—a controlled study
Authors: SPELD S.A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have carried out a randomised prospective controlled trial of the effect of tinted lenses on the reading ability of 24 non‐asthmatic dyslexic children aged between nine and twelve years. Reading ability was assessed using the Neale Analysis of Reading. After one school term, there was no significant difference in the change in reading age between treatment and control groups. After two school terms (approximately six months), only 11 children (44%) were still wearing the glasses. Of 381 suitable subjects for entry into the study, 208 were excluded because of a diagnosis of asthma (to avoid effects of medication on cerebral function). As a result, we may have excluded subjects who would have responded favourably to tinted lenses.
Posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocations and malpositions
Authors: Obstbaum Stephen A. , To King 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDecentration and malposition of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOL) accounts for one of the remaining and unresolved conditions associated with the implantation of these lenses. This condition assumes importance Since in approximately 50% of cases where a PC IOL is removed there is an aspect of improper positioning. The common types of malpositions are: pupil capture; sunset syndrome; sunrise syndrome; horizontal decentration; and the windshield wiper syndrome. This paper will explore the causes and management of these conditions and discuss the virtues of capsular bag implantation.
Topical antibiotic prophylaxis for cataract surgery: a controlled trial of fusidic acid and chloramphenicol
Authors: MB I. W. Dallison , Simpson A. J. , ANZIMLT J. I. Keenan , Clemett R. S. , Allardyce R. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of topical fusidic acid 1%, in a viscous drop base, to reduce or eliminate ocular microflora in patients undergoing cataract surgery has been studied. Forty‐two patients received fusidic acid on a double‐blind basis and for comparison 21 patients were similarly assessed with topical chloramphenicol. A further 17 patients received no treatment other than subconjunctival cephazolin administered to all operated eyes at the time of surgery. Quantitative bacterial counts from the conjunctivae and lash lines of each patient were made 24 hours before surgery, on the morning of operation and again 48 hours after surgery. With a regimen of five administrations on the day prior to surgery, neither topical fusidic acid 1.0% nor chloramphenicol 0.5% produced clinically or statistically significant reductions of the ocular microflora. In contrast perioperative subconjunctival cephazolin effectively reduced or eliminated lid and conjunctival microflora following surgery. This study indicates that the effectiveness of a topical antibiotic preparation for overt ocular infection cannot be directly extrapolated to the effect on resident ocular microflora, at least with short‐term use for presurgical prophylaxis.
The significance of reactions to betaxolol reported by patients
Authors: Brooks Anne M. V. , Burdon J. G. W. , Gillies W. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSome patients may experience respiratory side effects on betaxolol in spite of the greater safety which is claimed for this ocular hypotensive drug compared with timolol. Six of 29 patients using betaxolol complained of wheeze or respiratory distress and five of these patients were rechallenged with betaxolol and a placebo in a double‐masked clinical study, respiratory function being measured before and after each medication according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. No patient showed any change in respiratory function either with betaxolol or the placebo. The findings further support the safety of betaxolol even in patients with respiratory disease, though some caution should be observed.
Metastatic breast carcinoma of the orbit
Authors: Jacobs Mark , Benger Ross 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo Caucasian females in whom an orbital mass was the first sign of metastasis from a breast carcinoma are described. Each subject had undergone a radical mastectomy to treat a primary breast carcinoma, one six years and the other eight years previously. Each presented with ipsilateral proptosis, and restricted upper eyelid action; one had altered ocular motility. In each subject an open biopsy of the orbital mass via an eyelid crease incision revealed metastatic scirrhous adenocarcinoma of the breast. The clinical features, investigations, and treatment of orbital metastases from breast carcinoma are discussed.
Outpatient penetrating keratoplasty
Authors: Collie Donald M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractElective penetrating keratoplasty has been performed on an outpatient basis on 37 patients since July 1987. The commonest indications have been herpetic keratitis, keratoconus, and pseudophakic or aphakic corneal oedema. Local anaesthesia, with little or no sedation, was used in most cases, and only three patients had a general anaesthetic. Accompanying procedures have included anterior vitrectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation and IOL exchange. The results demonstrate that outpatient keratoplasty is a safe, effective alternative to hospitalisation, and has a very high level of patient acceptance.
High‐dose intravitreal gancyclovir for cytomegaloviral (CMV) retinitis
Authors: Heery Steve , Hollows Fred 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with bilateral cytomegaloviral (CMV) retinitis who had become neutropaenic from intravenous gancyclovir, was treated with a total of 16 intravitreal 2 mg/0.l ml doses of gancyclovir in each eye under topical anaesthesia. The injections were well tolerated with no evidence of retinal toxicity. A moderate vitreous haze which did not affect vision was the only complication. The patient retained useful vision until the time of his death, three months later.
Advances in the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: White Christopher P. , Hooper Michael J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article shall highlight several areas where recent developments have made, and may make in the future, practical advances to diabetes care. These advances have been in the areas of insulin therapy, glucose monitoring, identifying pre‐diabetics and using immunosuppressive agents in pre‐diabetes and early diabetes, pancreatic transplantation, and managing acute and chronic complications of diabetes.
Sunglasses: are they necessary in Christchurch?
Authors: Borthwick J. H. , Clemett R. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractConcern over potential eye injury from sunlight prompted this study to see if the levels of sunlight in Christchurch posed a particular risk to our population's eyes, whether the populace was aware of any risk and whether effective sunglasses were freely available to the public. While there has been a 4% to 9% increase in UV radiation since 1969 due to global ozone depletion, no firm evidence was found that focal ozone depletion was a particular problem in New Zealand. Christchurch residents were poorly informed about the ocular hazards of sunlight. A questionnaire completed by 200 adults disclosed 32% were unaware of the particular danger of UV light and only 3% knew that snow blindness, eclipse burns and cataracts could all be caused by sunlight. Fifty‐four sunglasses were analysed for labelling and for transmission characteristics of their lenses. The standard of labelling of the sunglasses was poor with only 53% making reference to UV transmission characteristics and only three pairs stating that they adhered to the New Zealand Sunglass Standard. Attention is drawn to the need to improve public awareness of the potential for eye injury from sunlight and to improve the standard of labelling of sunglasses.
Behset's syndrome: ocular features in an Australian population
Authors: Wakefield D. , McCluskey P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractInflammatory eye disease (IED) is often the most severe manifestation of Behçet's syndrome (BS). This disease is a common cause of uveitis in Mediterranean countries, the Middle East and Japan. In order to ascertain the prevalence of this disease in Australia, we reviewed the aetiology of patients attending our uveitis clinic over a five‐year period. Twelve of 426 patients with inflammatory eye disease had definite Behcet's syndrome. Four patients had anterior uveitis, four had posterior uveitis, four had retinal vasculitis and one also had optic neuritis. Although inflammatory eye disease was the initial clinical feature of Behcet's syndrome in only three of our patients, it was the feature that led to a definite diagnosis in all but one patient. The inflammatory eye disease of Behçet's syndrome was characteristically recurrent and severe with significantly decreased vision in 10 eyes, cataracts in six eyes, macula oedema in four eyes and glaucoma in two eyes.We conclude that Behçet's syndrome is a rare cause of inflammatory eye disease in Australia and is unlikely to be recognised as a distinct clinical entity prior to the onset of ocular involvement. The visual prognosis of ocular inflammation in Behçet's syndrome remains guarded despite the use of a variety of immunosuppressive agents.
Cyclosporin therapy in Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease
Authors: Wakefield Denis , McCluskey Peter , Reece Graeme 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVogt Koyanagi Harada Disease (VKHD) is a rare cause of uveitis and has not been previously reported in the Australian literature. The natural history of this severe inflammatory eye disease may be modified by the early use of high‐dose immunosuppressive therapy, especially oral corticosteroids. We report three cases of VKHD who either failed to respond to high‐dose corticosteroid (oral and intravenous) therapy alone or developed significant side effects, one of whom subsequently showed a beneficial response and another a transient beneficial response to cyclosporin therapy. Disease relapse or exacerbation of uveitis was the major problem encountered on attempted cyclosporin withdrawal. Further research is needed to define the optimum timing and indications for cyclosporin therapy in patients with VKHD.
Clinical features and surgical management of dermolipomas
Authors: McNab Alan A. , Wright John E , Caswell Anthony G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDermolipomas are solid choristomas which present as a lateral canthal mass. A series of 35 cases is reported, 27 of whom were female. Six patients had features of Goldenhar's syndrome. Proximity of the dermolipoma to the lacrimal ductules, the lateral rectus and upper lid structures makes extensive surgical excision dangerous. A microsurgical technique of partial excision of the lesion is described and was used successfully in 13 cases without significant complications.
Ophthalmic manifestations of perineural spread of facial skin malignancy
Authors: Smith Jeremy B. , Bishop Virginia L. M. , Francis Ian C. , Kos Sue , Kneale Ken A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFacial skin malignancy, when complicated by perineural spread (PNS), can lead to devastating orbital, intracranial and paranasal sinus involvement, the management of which requires a multidiscipli‐nary approach and which itself may be devastating. Adequate surgical excision with frozen section control, and specific inspection of histological specimens for perineural invasion, are essential to avoid this problem. This report presents four patients who manifested such involvement, and emphasises the importance of recognition of such ominous symptoms as facial pain, paraesthesiae and weakness. Thorough neuro‐ophthalmic examination is mandatory to detect signs of nerve involvement which may indicate perineural spread both at the initial assessment of primary tumour and at suspected recurrence. In this series, the most common sensory and motor nerves affected were, respectively, single, small branches of the ophthalmic and facial nerves.
Monoclonal antibody to ICAM‐1 prolongs murine heterotopic corneal allograft survival
Authors: BS Robyn H. Guymer MB , BS T. E. Mandel MB 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGraft rejection requires an initial interaction between donor antigen presenting cells (ARC) and recipient T cells; an interaction known to involve a variety of cell surface molecules. We have been investigating an interaction involving two of these molecules: lymphocyte function associated antigen‐1 (LFA‐1) on the T cell and its ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) on the APC, in an effort to assess the effect its interruption would have on the ability of the recipient to reject an allograft. A monoclonal antibody (MAb) against ICAM‐1 was given peritransplant to mice with heterotopically grafted corneas. Mice were killed at various time points and the grafts taken for histological assessment of rejection. Mice treated with Mab have a delayed influx of cells into the graft site and marginally better graft viability to day 50 after transplantation compared to controls. These results suggest that it is possible to decrease rejection even with brief peritransplant treatment. This provides encouragement for further experiments using more extensive therapy.
Reducing corneal toxicity of 5‐fluorouracil in the early postoperative period following glaucoma filtering surgery
Authors: Loane Mark E. , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo gain a better understanding of the relationship between postoperative 5‐fluorouracil administration and corneal complications associated with its use, we analysed 43 consecutive filtering procedures in which it had been employed. Nine of the 43 eyes had corneal complications during that period. At the end of the three‐month period, these corneal complications had all resolved. There was no correlation between postoperative intraocular pressure lowering and incidence of corneal complications. A low dose of 5‐flourouracil, and early recognition and treatment of corneal toxicity associated with its use may reduce corneal complications while maintaining filtration in eyes with poor surgical prognosis.
Enlisting the eccentric photoscreener in a public hospital eye department
Authors: ChB James Stewart MB , Gross Keith , Hare Fiona , Murphy Chris 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe analysed retrospectively non‐acute new referrals of children to Waikato Hospital over one year. It was found that children were required to wait unacceptably long to be seen. Almost half the children with established amblyopia were not seen until after the age of five years (42% were not referred until after that age). On the other hand, half the children seen had no significant pathology, and the high level of non‐attendance also wasted clinic time.An attempt was made to address these problems by holding regular screening clinics using a photoscreener, assessing all children within three weeks of referral so that children with pathology could be examined and treated promptly. Preliminary investigations into mass community photoscreening produced an average recall rate of 11 % (54% of whom fell into our definition of pathological). We feel that enlisting the photoscreener has provided a much more efficient paediatric service, which it is hoped will lead to a reduction in visual loss due to amblyopia.