bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic childhood experiences and levels of personality functioning: Effect of body connection in a cross-sectional German and Chilean sample
Authors: Bertsch Katja , Göhre Isabelle , Cottin Marianne , Zettl Max , Wienrich Carolin , Back Sarah N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Traumatic childhood experiences are a major risk factor for developing mental disorders later in life. Over the past decade, researchers have begun to investigate the role of early trauma in impairments in personality functioning following the introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5. Although first studies were able to empirically demonstrate a significant link between early trauma and impairments in personality functioning, only little is known about the underlying mechanisms. One possible mechanism is body connection due to its involvement in self-regulatory processes and its link to both early trauma and personality (dys)functioning.Objective: In the current study, we investigated whether body connection, which encompasses the awareness, integration, and utilization of one’s own bodily signals, mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and personality functioning.Participants and Setting:A total of 1,313 adult participants recruited from the general population and psychiatric hospitals in Germany and Chile anonymously provided self-report data in an online survey.Methods: Self-report data included the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Scale of Body Connection (SBC), and the brief form of the Levels of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS-BF 2.0) as well as demographic data (age, sex, education, clinical diagnoses).Results: Traumatic childhood experiences explained 26% of the variance in impairments in personality functioning. Interestingly, 60% of this effect was explained by body connection, particularly body dissociation. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that body dissociation and, to a much lesser extent, body awareness, accounted for 64% of the variance in self functioning and 55% of the variance in interpersonal functioning explained by childhood trauma.Conclusion: Body connection appears to be an important mediator in the association between early trauma and impaired personality functioning, underscoring the need for interventions specifically targeting the avoidance and ignorance of signals from one’s own body in individuals with traumatic childhood trauma.
CycleGAN-based Data Augmentation to Improve Generalizability Alzheimer’s Diagnosis using Deep Learning
Authors: Kumar Satish , Arif Tasleem 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative condition that progressively damages brain neurons, ultimately leading to dementia and death. Despite the limited number of available samples, effective diagnostic methods are crucial to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Typically, a combination of laboratory and neuro-psychological testing is employed for diagnosis. The decrease in brain mass linked to Alzheimer's disease can be identified by MRI scans, which makes it a suitable problem for deep learning and computer vision. A precise and effective deep learning model would provide physicians with valuable support for their diagnoses. However, medical data is often challenging to obtain, and deep learning requires considerable data. To address this issue, generative adversarial networks can be useful. In this study, we proposed a CycleGAN to generate relevant synthetic images of intestinal parasites to solve the data scarcity challenge. To classify Alzheimer's disease using MRI scans, we developed convolutional neural networks based on the Google Inceptionv3 CNN architecture for this study. We attained an impressive F-1 score of 89%. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effectiveness of GANs in enhancing classification accuracy when used for data augmentation by creating samples with CycleGAN, achieving a remarkable F-1 score of 95%.
Age and CD4 + T cell count influence ESAT6-CFP10 skin test results in patients with tuberculosis
Authors: yuanyuan 袁媛 , Liu Xuhui , Xia Lu , Wu Qiaoyu , Liu Xiangxiang , Huang Huan , Lu Shuihua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Cellular immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of tuberculosis. The ESAT6-CFP10 skin test has good sensitivity and specificity. Levels of CD4 + T lymphocytes may influence the results of the ESAT6-CFP10 skin test in TB patients.
Methods
ESAT6-CFP10 skin tests were conducted on 271 admitted patients at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. TB patients were divided into either positive or negative EC skin test groups for retrospective analysis with CD4 + T lymphocyte counts to explore the relationship between CD4 + T lymphocyte mediated cellular immunity and ESAT6-CFP10 skin test results. A total of 271 patients with TB were included in the study.
Results
Among TB patients, 157 cases were EC positive and 114 cases were EC negative. Univariate analysis of age, gender, BMI, CD4+, CD 8+, CD4+/CD8 + showed that age and CD4 + T lymphocytes were significantly associated with EC skin test results (p < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis of EC skin test results showed that age and CD4 + were the influencing factors of EC skin test (p < 0.05). AUC (95% CI) for age and CD4 + were 0.389 (0.322–0.456) and 0.623 (0.555–0.691), respectively.
Conclusion
Age and CD4 + T lymphocytes affect the results of ESAT6-CFP10 skin test in patients with tuberculosis, but more data are needed to support whether they can be used as auxiliary indicators to predict the results of EC skin test.
Pre-Primary Education Practices and Quality Service Provision in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Legede chala , Mamo Tadesse , Yismaw Abunu , Debelo Desalegn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the practices and status of quality service provision in pre-primary schools in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. The study was assessed the current practices of pre-primary education, the leadership practices of pre-primary schools, the attachments of pre-primary education with primary schools, and the overall status of quality service provision. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Participants included education experts, principals, teachers, and parent teachers’ association leaders. Data was collected through questionnaires, observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The study findings revealed significant deficiencies in the existing practices of pre-primary education in government preprimary schools, despite the presence of policy and standard provisions for pre-primary education in the region. These deficiencies encompassed a lack of implementation guidelines, insufficient provision of age-appropriate teaching-learning materials, limited activities promoting children's interaction, inadequate teacher-student ratios, classrooms that were not adequately sized, poor ventilation, and inappropriate furniture. Additionally, the attachment of pre-primary schools to primary schools posed difficulties, with a preference for establishing pre-primary schools separately. The study also identified concerns regarding the quality of service provision, including low levels of improvement in reading skills, recognition of alphabet letters, children's interest in learning, and parental satisfaction. This study underscores the urgent need for significant improvements in the quality of pre-primary education in government preprimary schools in Gambella Regional State. Addressing the deficiencies in implementation guidelines, teaching-learning materials, teacher-student ratios, classroom size, and furniture suitability is crucial. Furthermore, the establishment of separate pre-primary schools is vital steps towards enhancing the overall quality of pre-primary education in the region.
Voriconazole Metabolism is Associated with the Number of Skin Cancers Per Patient
Authors: Ike Jacqueline I , Smith Isabelle T , Mosley Dominique , Madden Christopher , Grossarth Sarah , Halle Briana R , Lewis Adam , Mentch Frank , Hakonarson Hakon , Bastarache Lisa , Wheless Lee 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Voriconazole exposure is associated with skin cancer, but it is unknown how the full spectrum of its metabolizer phenotypes impacts this association. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine how variation in metabolism of voriconazole as measured by metabolizer status of CYP2C19 is associated with the total number of skin cancers a patient develops and the rate of development of the first skin cancer after treatment. There were 1,739 organ transplant recipients with data on CYP2C19 phenotype. Of these, 134 were exposed to voriconazole. There was a significant difference in the number of skin cancers after transplant based on exposure to voriconazole, metabolizer phenotype, and the interaction of these two (p < 0.01 for all three). This increase was driven primarily by number of squamous cell carcinomas among rapid metabolizes with voriconazole exposure (p < 0.01 for both). Patients exposed to voriconazole developed skin cancers more rapidly than those without exposure (Fine-Grey hazard ratio 1.78, 95% confidence interval 1.19–2.66). This association was similarly driven by development of SCC (Fine-Grey hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.14–2.94). Differences in voriconazoles metabolism are associated with an increase in the number of skin cancers developed after transplant, particularly SCC.
The impact of contextual effects in exercise therapy for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: de Roode Aaltje , Heymans Martijn W , Lankveld Wim van , Staal J. Bart 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Low back pain is the leading cause of global disability for which exercise therapy is a widely recommended treatment. Research indicates that nonspecific contextual factors may also influence treatment outcomes in low back pain. Examples include the patient-therapist relationship and other treatment-related circumstances that affect patient expectations. By focusing on the specific treatment effect, clinical trials often ignore the effect of contextual factors, thereby contributing to the so-called efficacy paradox. This means that treatment effects observed in clinical practice are often greater than those reported in clinical trials.
This systematic review aims to investigate the proportion of improvement in pain and disability that can be attributed to contextual effects in the outcome of exercise therapy for patients with low back pain.
Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted. Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane database were searched for eligible articles reporting randomized controlled trials that compared exercise therapy to placebo interventions. Risk of bias was assessed with the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Outcomes of interest were pain and disability. Meta-analysis was carried out to calculate the proportion attributable to contextual effects for both pain and disability. The body of evidence was assessed using GRADE methodology.
Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Five studies were rated as having moderate risk of bias and two studies had low risk of bias. Proportion attributable to contextual effects was 0.60 (95% CI 0.40-0.89) for pain and 0.69 (95% CI 0.48-1.00) for disability. Certainty of the evidence as assessed with the GRADE methodology was low.
Conclusions: A large extent of pain and disability improvement after exercise therapy in low back pain is attributable to contextual effects.
Assessment of Compressive Strength of Brick Chip-Based Concrete Using the CAPO Test
Authors: Khair Abul 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The CAPO-TEST, also known as the pull-out test, is gaining popularity as a method for estimating the compressive strength of existing concrete structures due to its reliability, less structural damage compared to core collection, and quick in-place strength. The manufacturer of the pull-out machine has provided a general correlation for assessing the in-place concrete strength of stone chip-based concrete. Many of the concrete buildings in Bangladesh are made of brick chip-based concrete. In a few projects in Bangladesh, the CAPO test has been used to assess the concrete strength of existing structures. However, the reliability of this test for concrete made of brick chips has yet to be investigated. Twenty columns from five distinct structures, which varied in age from ten to forty-five years at the time of testing, underwent the CAPO and core tests for this study. Based on the fundamental findings of this investigation, a general correlation has been established regarding concrete composed of brick chips. Since no correlation has been established using the CAPO test to assess the strength of concrete composed of brick chis, this study suggested a general correlation between pull-out force and concrete core strength.
WITHDRAWN: Double Burden of Malnutrition among households in Ethiopia: Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Belay Mahider Awoke , Bogale Eyob Ketema , Haile Mitiku Tefera , Bogale Solomon Ketema , Desalew Eyob Getachew , Andarge Getnet Alemu , Seid Kedir , Lakew Gebeyehu , Yirsaw Amalku Nigussie , Gebreegziabher Zenebe Abebe , Semagn Birhan Ewunu , Alemu Ayenew Takele 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction: The double burden of malnutrition coexists in communities, families, and individuals due to rapid changes in global food systems and increased urbanization. The occurrence of double-burden malnutrition at the household level has increased significantly in sub-Saharan African countries. The concurrent existence of overweight or obese mothers with undernourished (stunted, wasted, underweight) children in the same households embraces particular significance. However, the national evidence of the double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs has not yet been summarized by systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of double burden of malnutrition at household level in Ethiopia, 2024.
Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted using the advanced search of electronic databases and search engines, on the prevalence of double burden of malnutrition and associated factors at households in Ethiopia, published in English. The standardized JBI is used for data extraction after being generated on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and evaluating the quality of each article. The analysis was done through STATA V.17.
Result: A total of 7 articles met the inclusion criteria among 56877 and 43770 mother-child pairs for systematic review and Meta-analysis respectively. The pooled prevalence of double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs was 8.30 (95% CI: 1.51, 15.09). The heterogeneity test for the pooled prevalence was very high (I2=99.91% and p value=0.00). Regarding the subgroup analysis of sample size, the pooled estimated prevalence of double burden of malnutrition was high from a sample size of less than 1000 mother-child pairs (11.69% (95% CI: 3.11, 2028)). The pooled estimates of the subgroup analysis of the data collected 8 years back were (8.61(1.11, 22.33)). Some factors affect the double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs were identified as residence, household size, housing quality, wealth index, household food security, mother’s age and educational status, and child’s age.
Conclusion: The double burden of malnutrition among mother-child pairs in Ethiopia was highly emerging. Therefore, double-duty interventions should be used to address the double burden of malnutrition, considering different factors at the household level.
Single-molecule RNA-FISH analysis reveals stochasticity in reactivation of latent HIV-1 regulated by Nuclear Orphan Receptors NR4A and cMYC
Authors: LaPorte Annalena , Pathak Rajiv , Eliscovich Carolina , Martins Laura , Nell Rachel , Spivak Adam , Suzuki Masako , Planelles Vicente , Singer Robert , Kalpana Ganjam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

HIV-1 eradication strategies require complete reactivation of HIV-1 latent cells by Latency Reversing Agents (LRA). Current methods lack effectiveness due to incomplete proviral reactivation. We employed a single-molecule RNA-FISH (smRNA-FISH) and FISH-Quant analysis and found that proviral reactivation is highly variable from cell-to-cell, stochastic, and occurs in bursts and waves, with different kinetics in response to diverse LRAs. Approximately 1–5% of latent cells exhibited stochastic reactivation without LRAs. Through single-cell RNA-seq analysis, we identified NR4A3 and cMYC as extrinsic factors associated with stochastic HIV-1 reactivation. Concomitant with HIV-1 reactivation cMYC was downregulated and NR4A3 was upregulated in both latent cell lines and primary CD4+ T-cells from aviremic patients. By inhibiting cMYC using SN-38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, we induced NR4A3 and HIV-1 expression. Our results suggest that inherent stochasticity in proviral reactivation contributes to cell-to-cell variability, which could potentially be modulated by drugs targeting cMYC and NR4A3.
Study on the effect of microwave irradiation improvement on the long-term stability of expansive soil
Authors: Zhang RenLing , Hu Qijun , Gu yucheng , He Le-Ping 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In dry-wet cycles, the clay minerals of expansive soil repeatedly hydrate and dehydrate, causing its expansion and contraction, resulting in many cracks, which will bring harm to human engineering construction. Microwave, as an efficient material improvement method, has been used in clay mineral synthesis and material manufacturing. Our previous studies have proved that microwave technology can improve the performance of soil, but the long-term stability of expansive soil by microwave has not been studied. In this paper, microwave technology is used to improve the performance of expansive soil, and the effect of microwave on the damage law and long-term stability of expansive soil under dry-wet cycles is studied. The soil was heated to 200°C, 300°C, 400°C and 500°C respectively by microwave irradiation, and dry-wet cycle tests were carried out. According to the data of SEM, unconfined compressive strength and free expansion rate, the damage law and long-term stability of expansive soil were analyzed. The results show that, compared with original samples, the compressive strength can be increased by 27 times and the expansion rate can be reduced to 0 by microwave heating to 500°C. In addition, microwave irradiation changes the way of fracture development. The change of fracture development pattern leads to the improvement of water resistance and strength of expansive soil, and thus the long-term stability of expansive soil is improved. The researches result of this paper can provide a reference for stability evaluation and design of expansive soil slope engineering.
Dental Students' Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors, Physical Activity Levels and Social Media Use: Cross Sectional Study
Authors: EYMIRLI Pınar SERDAR , MUSTULOĞLU Şeyma , KÖKSAL Eda , TURGUT Melek Dilek , TEKÇİÇEK Meryem UZAMIŞ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Healthy lifestyle behavior includes appropriate behaviors such as eating habits, physical activity and weight control in order to stay healthy and prevent diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate healthy lifestyle behaviors, physical activity levels and social media use of dental students.
Methods
An online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Version (IPAQ-S) and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) was filed by 420 dental students. The data were evaluated statistically.
Results
The mean age was 21.6 ± 1.96 years and the majority of the students (71.7%) were living with their families. Obesity and overweight in males and underweight in females were statistically higher. There was no difference between the genders in terms of social media use. The most preferred applications were Instagram (92.7%), YouTube (85%) and Twitter (59.7%). In terms of IPAQ durations and HPLP scores, there was no gender difference. According to the IPAQ classification, while the majority of students (64.3%) were physically low active, 23.1% were physically inactive. As the total HPLP score increased, the total IPAQ score increased.
Conclusion
It is concluded that as the university students make up the majority of the young adults, encouraging their health-promoting behaviors is crucial for improving public health.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Taiwanese Breast Cancer Using a Novel Targeted Sequencing Panel
Authors: Huang Chi-Cheng , Yeh Yi-Chen , Liu Chun-Yu , Tsai Yi-Fang , Ho Hsiang-Ling , Tseng Ling-Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in women. Limited therapeutic options currently available, especially for those with triple negative breast cancer, demands identification of more biomarkers to facilitate precision medicine. This study adopted an updated large comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) for targeted sequencing to reveal actionable alterations associated with novel therapeutics from a sub-cohort of the VGH-TARLOR study.
Method
The study population comprised of patients with either early (defined by first-line surgery or neoadjuvant therapy) or late (defined by relapse or de novo metastatic disease) breast cancer. CGP was conducted with the Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 assay. Level of actionability was evaluated against the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Scale of Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) criteria with additional annotations from the PierianDx software and the OncoKB database.
Results
A total of 108 breast cancers were successfully assayed, with the majority (n = 104) being triple. The most common alterations (> 5% of study cohort) among actionable genes were PIK3CA (39%), BRCA2 (24%), PTEN (15%), ERBB2 (13%), BRCA1 (12%), and ERBB3 (10%). With the standard cut-off of 10 mutations/mega-base, 25 samples were tumor mutation burden (TMB)-high and 83 were TMB-low. The proportion of TMB-high was much lower among the early than late breast cancer patients (19% vs. 34.5%, respectively; P = 0.0499).
Conclusion
Our study showed the clinical applicability and feasibility of large-sized CGP, with more genes and multi-gene signatures such as TMB and microsatellite instability (MSI) investigated. Detection of more actionable biomarkers could potentially expand therapeutic opportunities for patients: e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors (for TMB-high and MSI), poly ADP- ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (for BRCA1/2 and PALB2), selective estrogen receptor degrader (for ESR1), tyrosine kinase inhibitor (for ERBB2/3), phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (for PIK3CA).