bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambling and Migration – The Role of Culture and Family
Authors: Nilsson Anders , Demetry Youstina , Shahnavaz Shervin , Gripenberg Johanna , Kvillemo Pia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProblem gambling (PG) is a public health concern with severe repercussions for the individual, concerned significant others and the society. Foreign borns generally gamble less but are overrepresented among those with PG. Previous research has suggested that other factors, such as socio-economic status, might explain this, but also that cultural factors might play a role in the relationship to gambling and the development of PG. This qualitative study using content analysis investigates the experiences of and opinions about gambling and PG among 12 males living in Sweden with a migrant background in Afghanistan, the Middle East and North Africa. The results were show that the acculturation process could be a factor in developing PG, as well as a cultural values regarding money and wealth. PG was seen as more stigmatized in the origin country, and the family played a more important role in the rehabilitation of PG compared to the general population. The results of this study could be used to inform preventive and clinical programs to better reach people with a migrant background.
Tropical or extratropical cyclones: what drives the compound flood hazard, impact, and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast?
Authors: Nederhoff Kees , Leijnse Tim W. B. , Parker Kai , Thomas Jennifer , O’Neill Andrea , van Ormondt Maarten , McCall Robert , Erikson Li , Barnard Patrick L. , Foxgrover Amy , Klessens Wouter , Nadal-Caraballo Norberto C. , Massey Thomas Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSubtropical coastlines are impacted by both tropical and extratropical cyclones. While both may lead to substantial damage to coastal communities, it is difficult to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to coastal flooding relative to that of extratropical cyclones. We conduct a large-scale flood hazard and impact assessment across the subtropical Southeast Atlantic Coast of the United States, from Virginia to Florida, including different flood hazards. The physics-based hydrodynamic modeling skillfully reproduces coastal water levels based on a comprehensive validation of tides, almost two hundred historical storms, and an in-depth hindcast of Hurricane Florence. We show that yearly flood impacts are two times as likely to be driven by extratropical than tropical cyclones. On the other hand, tropical cyclones are 30 times more likely to affect people during rarer 100-year events than extratropical cyclones and contribute to more than half of the regional flood risk. With increasing sea levels, more areas will be flooded, regardless of whether flooding is driven by tropical or extratropical cyclones. Most of the absolute flood risk is contained in the greater Miami metropolitan area. However, several less populous counties have the highest relative risks. The results of this study provide critical information for understanding the source and frequency of compound flooding across the Southeast Atlantic Coast of the United States.
Coherent mesh representation for parallel I/O of unstructured polyhedral meshes
Authors: Weiß R. Gregor , Lesnik Sergey , Galeazzo Flavio C. C. , Ruopp Andreas , Rusche Henrik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new mesh data layout for parallel I/O of linear unstructured polyhedral meshes. The new mesh representation infers coherence across entities of different topological dimensions, i.e., grid cells, faces, and points. The coherence due to cell-to-face and face-to-point connectivities of the mesh is formulated as a tree data structure distributed across processors. The mesh distribution across processors creates consecutive and contiguous slices that render an optimized data access pattern for parallel I/O. A file format using the coherent mesh representation, developed and tested with OpenFOAM, enables the usability of the software at unprecedented scales. Further implications of the coherent and sliceable mesh representation arise due to simplifications in partitioning and diminished pre- and post-processing overheads.
Music and Affectivity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: de Aguiar Vinicius 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMusic and affects share a long history. In recent times, 4E cognitive sciences (embodied, embedded, enacted, and extended), situated affectivity, and related ecological theoretical frameworks have been conceptualizing music as a case of a tool for feeling. Drawing on this debate, I propose to further theorize the role of music in situating our affectivity by analyzing how the very affective affordances of music are technologically situated. In other words, I propose to shift the attention from music as a tool for feeling to the tools for feeling music. I argue that the experience of music as a tool for feeling may be altered, enhanced, or lessened depending on the tools for feeling music. I investigate the extent to which AI might be a case of a tool for feeling music and examine the influence it could exert over musical affectivity. I conclude that AI can be considered a tool for feeling music of curatorial type and that the limitations and/or biases of AI as a method risk lessening the power of musical affective affordances.
Physics-informed loss functions for vertical total electron content forecast
Authors: Asamoah Eric Nana , Cafaro Massimo , Epicoco Italo , De Franceschi Giorgiana , Cesaroni Claudio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe design physics-informed loss functions for training Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to forecast the ionospheric vertical Total Electron Content (vTEC) from 1 to 24 hours in advance. The ANN models exploit our physics-informed loss functions, data provided by the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receiver installed at Tsukuba (36.06$$^{o}$$

o

N, 140.05$$^{o}$$

o

E), Japan, and external drivers (solar and geomagnetic indices). The time series used span from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2018, i.e., a full solar cycle. A proper set of external drivers for the ANN models training are selected by ranking their importance in relation to the vTEC dynamics at different forecasting horizons. They result to be the 10.7 cm Solar Flux (F10.7), the magnitude of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) $$\boldsymbol{B}_{\boldsymbol{T}}$$

B

T

, and the Auroral Electrojet (AE) index. Moreover, a second set of indices among those available has been considered as constraints in the design of the physics-informed loss functions. They are the Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index, the solar wind speed $$\boldsymbol{v}, \boldsymbol{B}_{\boldsymbol{T}}$$

v

,

B

T

, and the By and Bz components of the interplanetary magnetic field. To assess the performance of the resulting ANN models, we use the statistical parameter coefficient of determination ($$\boldsymbol{R}^{{\textbf {2}}}$$

R

2

), the standard deviation (SD), and the Wilcoxon non-parametric signed ranked test. We show that, in the testing period analyzed (from 2017-09-13, at 04:40:00, to 2018-12-31, at 23:55:00), one of our physics-informed loss functions provides a better performance of the ANN with regard to the standard loss function commonly adopted. In particular, when the new loss function is used in the ANN model, the average SD is minimized across all forecasting horizons in the training, validation and test datasets. SD is 0.2560 TECU, 0.3183 TECU and 0.4240 TECU for the training, validation and test dataset respectively, where 1 TECU = $${\textbf {10}}^{{\textbf {16}}}$$

10

16

electrons/$$\boldsymbol{m}^{{\textbf {2}}}$$

m

2

. The ANN model, incorporating the new loss function and applied to the test dataset, shows a significant improvement according to the Wilcoxon signed ranked test. In fact by selecting a significance level $$\boldsymbol{\alpha }~ \mathbf {= 0.05}$$

α

=
0.05

, the probability to obtain results by chance with the new loss function as compared to the standard loss function is 0.01504 (i.e., $$<\alpha $$

<
α

), which implies that the new loss function gives a statistical improvement to the forecasting capability of the ANN model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a physics-informed loss function has been designed for the task of forecasting the ionospheric vTEC.
Der orale Lichen planus
Authors: Bornstein Michael M. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDer orale Lichen planus (OLP) ist eine häufige, chronisch verlaufende Mukodermatose, deren Ätiologie nicht bekannt ist. Effloreszenzen können auf der Haut, der oralen Mukosa und im Genitalbereich auftreten. In der Mundhöhle führen Effloreszenzen zu asymptomatischen oder symptomatischen Schleimhautveränderungen. Die Therapie des OLP erfolgt häufig über topische Kortikosteroidgaben, nur bei schweren Verläufen werden systemische Medikamente eingesetzt. Dies sollte i. d. R. in Zusammenarbeit mit einem erfahrenen Dermatologen geschehen. Da der OLP als Risikofaktor für eine maligne Entartung angesehen wird, sollte ein regelmäßiger Recall erfolgen, wobei die Nachsorgefrequenz in der Regel individuell entsprechend den Befunden und der Symptomatik angepasst wird.
Perceptions about health-risk awareness and lifestyle change among women at risk for developing cardiometabolic disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Kent-Marvick Jacqueline , St. Clair Stephanie Lynn , Bristol Alycia A. , Gibson Bryan , Simonsen Sara E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The reproductive years provide a window into future risk for Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM); women’s risk is seven to 10 times higher after gestational diabetes (GDM) and two to four times higher after a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP). Targeting reproductive-aged women at high risk for T2DM could reduce future incidence. However, little is known about such women’s diabetes risk perceptions, barriers to/motivators of lifestyle change or their knowledge about lifestyle change—information essential to understanding how to engage these at-risk women in tailored prevention programs promoting long-term health. This study’s aims were to describe: among reproductive-aged women at high risk for T2DM, what is/are (1) personal health-risk awareness, (2) lifestyle-change interest, and (3) barriers to/motivators of participation in lifestyle-change programs?

Methods
Women aged 18 and older were eligible if they had one of the following health risks: (1) GDM or HDP during pregnancy, (2) prediabetes diagnosis, or (3) BMI classified as obese. Three Zoom focus groups, organized by risk group, were conducted with a total of 20 participants. Qualitative content and thematic analysis were used for the focus-group transcriptions.

Results
Women’s personal health-risk awareness was limited and generalized (e.g., being overweight might lead to other risks) and rarely reflected awareness connected to their personal health history (e.g., GDM increases their lifetime risk of T2DM). Participants had at least one of the outlined eligibility health risks (e.g., GDM, prediabetes); they did not believe their healthcare providers sufficiently followed or addressed those risks. All women expressed interest in making healthy-lifestyle changes, including engagement in formal programs, but they identified multiple barriers to healthy-behavior change related to being “busy moms.” Women emphasized the need for social support and realistic solutions that accounted for the dynamics of motherhood and family life. Common motivators included the desire to maintain health for their families and to set a good example for their children.

Conclusions
Participants lacked knowledge and were eager for information. Healthcare improvement opportunities include better coordination of care between primary and specialty-care providers, and more frequent communication and education on diabetes-related health risks and long-term health. Formal lifestyle programs should tailor content by providing multiple formats and flexibility of scheduling while leveraging peer support for sustained engagement.
Saint Joseph, the Turks, and the Jews: The Path to Antisemitism of Josef Deckert, Priest in Vienna, 1869–1901
Authors: Dahl David Lebovitch 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article studies the development of antisemitism in Austria in the late nineteenth century through the example of Josef Deckert. The priest is depicted in historiography as one of the most prominent anti-Jewish agitators of that period, but his path to antisemitism has not been explored. This research indicates that Deckert's adoption of antisemitic ideology happened abruptly and was not guided by ecclesiastical or lay authorities. The article, therefore, invites us to look more at individual actors and local cultures and less on strategies from above when studying the spread of populist movements. At the same time, the analysis draws attention to two aspects that have been studied little in connection to the diffusion of antisemitism in the modern period, the cult of Saint Joseph and the remembrance of the Turkish siege of Vienna. Deckert was deeply devoted to Saint Joseph and invoked the patron saint of the Habsburg monarchy, not only as protector of Catholic Austria at the time of the Ottoman wars, but as patron of the workers and defender against the contemporary Austrian Jews.
Bone marrow stromal cells dictate lanosterol biosynthesis and ferroptosis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Jiang Hongmei , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Qiguo , Wang Sheng , Jia Linchuang , Cheng Hao , Wang Jingya , Li Xin , Xie Ying , Wang Yixuan , Hu Meilin , Guo Jing , Li Qian , Peng Ziyi , Wang Mengqi , Xie Yangyang , Li Tiantian , Wang Yafei , Geng Bill D. , Swaminathan Sundararaman , Bergsagel P. Leif , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFerroptosis has been demonstrated a promising way to counteract chemoresistance of multiple myeloma (MM), however, roles and mechanism of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in regulating ferroptosis of MM cells remain elusive. Here, we uncovered that MM cells were more susceptible to ferroptotic induction under the interaction of BMSCs using in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, BMSCs elevated the iron level in MM cells, thereby activating the steroid biosynthesis pathway, especially the production of lanosterol, a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MM cells. We discovered that direct coupling of CD40 ligand and CD40 receptor constituted the key signaling pathway governing lanosterol biosynthesis, and disruption of CD40/CD40L interaction using an anti-CD40 neutralizing antibody or conditional depletion of Cd40l in BMSCs successfully eliminated the iron level and lanosterol production of MM cells localized in the Vk*MYC Vk12653 or NSG mouse models. Our study deciphers the mechanism of BMSCs dictating ferroptosis of MM cells and highlights the therapeutic potential of non-apoptosis strategies for managing refractory or relapsed MM patients.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms and drug discovery
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Chen Ting , Lu Xun , Lan Xiaobing , Chen Ziqiang , Lu Shaoyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological processes. Agonist or antagonist, orthosteric effects or allosteric effects, and biased signaling or balanced signaling, characterize the complexity of GPCR dynamic features. In this study, we first review the structural advancements, activation mechanisms, and functional diversity of GPCRs. We then focus on GPCR drug discovery by revealing the detailed drug-target interactions and the underlying mechanisms of orthosteric drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past five years. Particularly, an up-to-date analysis is performed on available GPCR structures complexed with synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators to elucidate key receptor-ligand interactions and allosteric mechanisms. Finally, we highlight how the widespread GPCR-druggable allosteric sites can guide structure- or mechanism-based drug design and propose prospects of designing bitopic ligands for the future therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor family.
Cell membrane vesicles derived from hBMSCs and hUVECs enhance bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Dandan , Guo Yaru , Heng Boon Chin , Zhang Xuehui , Wei Yan , He Ying , Xu Mingming , Xia Bin , Deng Xuliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBone tissue renewal can be enhanced through co-transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs). However, there are apparent limitations in stem cell-based therapy which hinder its clinic translation. Hence, we investigated the potential of alternative stem cell substitutes for facilitating bone regeneration. In this study, we successfully prepared cell membrane vesicles (CMVs) from BMSCs and ECs. The results showed that BMSC-derived cell membrane vesicles (BMSC-CMVs) possessed membrane receptors involved in juxtacrine signaling and growth factors derived from their parental cells. EC-derived cell membrane vesicles (EC-CMVs) also contained BMP2 and VEGF derived from their parental cells. BMSC-CMVs enhanced tube formation and migration ability of hUVECs, while EC-CMVs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro. Using a rat skull defect model, we found that co-transplantation of BMSC-CMVs and EC-CMVs could stimulate angiogenesis and bone formation in vivo. Therefore, our research might provide an innovative and feasible approach for cell-free therapy in bone tissue regeneration.
Characteristics and hot corrosion behavior of NiCrAlY metal bonding layers prepared by different processes
Authors: Qu Weiwei , Chen Zehao , Zhang Zhilin , Li Xue , Yang Fan , Wang Jinlong , Chen Minghui , Li Shusuo , Wang Fuhui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe hot corrosion experiments of René N5 alloy coated with three different NiCrAlY metal bonding layers are carried out, that the layers are prepared by different methods (APS, HVAF and MIP). Compared with bare René N5 alloy samples, the hot corrosion resistance of coated samples is improved. It can be attributed to the small internal stress of the surface oxide layer on the coating sample, which is difficult to spall, reducing the degree of hot corrosion reaction. The hot corrosion resistance of NiCrAlY layers is MIP > HVAF > APS, which is positively positively related to the density of layers, because the influence of element diffusion in the process of hot corrosion is effectively slowed down.
CD32 captures committed haemogenic endothelial cells during human embryonic development
Authors: Scarfò Rebecca , Randolph Lauren N. , Abou Alezz Monah , El Khoury Mahassen , Gersch Amélie , Li Zhong-Yin , Luff Stephanie A. , Tavosanis Andrea , Ferrari Ramondo Giulia , Valsoni Sara , Cascione Sara , Didelon Emma , Passerini Laura , Amodio Giada , Brandas Chiara , Villa Anna , Gregori Silvia , Merelli Ivan , Freund Jean-Noël , Sturgeon Christopher M. , Tavian Manuela , Ditadi Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring embryonic development, blood cells emerge from specialized endothelial cells, named haemogenic endothelial cells (HECs). As HECs are rare and only transiently found in early developing embryos, it remains difficult to distinguish them from endothelial cells. Here we performed transcriptomic analysis of 28- to 32-day human embryos and observed that the expression of Fc receptor CD32 (FCGR2B) is highly enriched in the endothelial cell population that contains HECs. Functional analyses using human embryonic and human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells revealed that robust multilineage haematopoietic potential is harboured within CD32+ endothelial cells and showed that 90% of CD32+ endothelial cells are bona fide HECs. Remarkably, these analyses indicated that HECs progress through different states, culminating in FCGR2B expression, at which point cells are irreversibly committed to a haematopoietic fate. These findings provide a precise method for isolating HECs from human embryos and human pluripotent stem cell cultures, thus allowing the efficient generation of haematopoietic cells in vitro.
Single-cell long-read sequencing-based mapping reveals specialized splicing patterns in developing and adult mouse and human brain
Authors: Joglekar Anoushka , Hu Wen , Zhang Bei , Narykov Oleksandr , Diekhans Mark , Marrocco Jordan , Balacco Jennifer , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Milner Teresa A. , Fedrigo Olivier , Jarvis Erich D. , Sheynkman Gloria , Korkin Dmitry , Ross M. Elizabeth , Tilgner Hagen U. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRNA isoforms influence cell identity and function. However, a comprehensive brain isoform map was lacking. We analyze single-cell RNA isoforms across brain regions, cell subtypes, developmental time points and species. For 72% of genes, full-length isoform expression varies along one or more axes. Splicing, transcription start and polyadenylation sites vary strongly between cell types, influence protein architecture and associate with disease-linked variation. Additionally, neurotransmitter transport and synapse turnover genes harbor cell-type variability across anatomical regions. Regulation of cell-type-specific splicing is pronounced in the postnatal day 21-to-postnatal day 28 adolescent transition. Developmental isoform regulation is stronger than regional regulation for the same cell type. Cell-type-specific isoform regulation in mice is mostly maintained in the human hippocampus, allowing extrapolation to the human brain. Conversely, the human brain harbors additional cell-type specificity, suggesting gain-of-function isoforms. Together, this detailed single-cell atlas of full-length isoform regulation across development, anatomical regions and species reveals an unappreciated degree of isoform variability across multiple axes.
Automated detection and classification of concealed objects using infrared thermography and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Khor WeeLiam , Chen Yichen Kelly , Roberts Michael , Ciampa Francesco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a study on the effectiveness of a convolutional neural network (CNN) in classifying infrared images for security scanning. Infrared thermography was explored as a non-invasive security scanner for stand-off and walk-through concealed object detection. Heat generated by human subjects radiates off the clothing surface, allowing detection by an infrared camera. However, infrared lacks in penetration capability compared to longer electromagnetic waves, leading to less obvious visuals on the clothing surface. ResNet-50 was used as the CNN model to automate the classification process of thermal images. The ImageNet database was used to pre-train the model, which was further fine-tuned using infrared images obtained from experiments. Four image pre-processing approaches were explored, i.e., raw infrared image, subject cropped region-of-interest (ROI) image, K-means, and Fuzzy-c clustered images. All these approaches were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve on an internal holdout set, with an area-under-the-curve of 0.8923, 0.9256, 0.9485, and 0.9669 for the raw image, ROI cropped, K-means, and Fuzzy-c models, respectively. The CNN models trained using various image pre-processing approaches suggest that the prediction performance can be improved by the removal of non-decision relevant information and the visual highlighting of features.