bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment ingestion rates in waterfowl (Anatidae) and their use in environmental risk assessment
Authors: Beyer W Nelson , Perry Matthew C , Osenton Peter C 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
When waterfowl (Anatidae) ingest sediment as they feed, they are exposed to the environmental contaminants in those sediments. The rate of ingestion may be key to assessing environmental risk. Rates of sediment ingestion were estimated as from &lt;2% to 22% in 16 species of waterfowl collected in the northeastern United States. The piscivorous red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) ingested sediment at the lowest rate and the benthos-feeding canvasback (Aythya valisineria) at the highest rate. Sediment ingestion rates were related to diet and to the sediments where waterfowl fed. Waterfowl ingested the least sediment from hard-bottomed habitats with fast-moving water and ingested the most sediment from soft-bottomed areas with slow-moving water. Understanding the greater hazards from contaminants associated with low-flow habitats may help in prioritizing sites to be remediated. The tundra swan (Cygnus columbianus), which ingests sediment at an estimated 8.4% of its diet, dry weight, is suggested as a potential generic model for use in environmental risk assessments designed to protect waterfowl.
Use of Pedicled Buccal Fat Pad in Root Coverage of Severe Gingival Recession Defect
Authors: El Haddad Sally A. , Abd El Razzak Mona Y. , El Shall Mohammad 
Published: July 2008

Background: Gingival recession in its localized or generalized form is an undesirable condition resulting in root exposure. Sites exhibiting Miller Class IV gingival recession are not suitable for treatment with surgical root coverage techniques, and their prognoses are very poor with current techniques. The aim of this case report is to establish a new technique for the root coverage of severe gingival recession defects (Miller Class IV) by providing a new source of enough tissue with good blood supply using the pedicled buccal fat pad (PBFP).Methods: The PBFP was mobilized through an incision in the base of the buccal flap at the level of the upper second molar; the vascularized flap was secured to the buccal surface of the upper first molar tooth and premolar teeth and sutured with the wound margins.Results: A clinically significant amount of keratinized gingiva that covered the root recession defect was obtained. Epithelialization of the buccal fat pad was completed after 6 weeks, with formation of healthy‐looking keratinized mucosa in the anatomic site of the keratinized gingiva.Conclusions: The PBFP technique is simple and easy to handle. It may also be considered a novel application with promising results for the root coverage of severe gingival recession defects (Miller Class IV) that may provide a considerable amount of keratinized tissue used for root coverage of the upper posterior molar teeth.
An Oxidized Implant Surface May Improve Bone‐to‐Implant Contact in Pristine Bone and Bone Defects Treated With Guided Bone Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Gurgel Bruno César de Vasconcelos , Gonçalves Patrícia Furtado , Pimentel Suzana Peres , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Sallum Enilson Antonio , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Casati Marcio Zaffalon 
Published: July 2008

Background: The aim of the present study was to histometrically evaluate bone healing in the absence of bone defects and in the presence of surgically created bone defects treated by guided bone regeneration at oxidized and turned implant surfaces.Methods: Three months after dental extractions, standardized buccal dehiscence defects (height: 5 mm; width: 4 mm) were surgically created following implant site preparation in the mandible of 10 dogs. Oxidized‐surface implants (OSI) and turned‐surface implants (TSI) were inserted bilaterally, and the bone defects were treated by guided bone regeneration. After 3 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed, blocks were dissected, and undecalcified sections were obtained and processed for histometric analysis. The percentage of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone density (BD) was evaluated inside the threads on the buccal (regenerated bone) and lingual sides (pristine bone) of the implants. Data were evaluated using two‐way analysis of variance (P <0.05).Results: New bone formation could be observed in OSI and TSI in the region of the defect creation. The BIC values observed in OSI for pristine and regenerated bone were 57.03% ± 21.86% and 40.86% ± 22.73%, respectively. TSI showed lower values of BIC in pristine bone (37.39% ± 23.33%) and regenerated bone (3.52% ± 4.87%). The differences between OSI and TSI were statistically significant. BD evaluation showed no statistically significant differences between OSI and TSI in pristine and regenerated bone.Conclusion: The oxidized implant surface promoted a higher level of BIC than the turned implant surface at pristine and regenerated bone.
Effect of Periodontitis on Insulin Resistance and the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats
Authors: Watanabe Keiko , Petro Benjamin J. , Shlimon Alan E. , Unterman Terry G. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Studies indicate that an association exists between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or obesity, with chronic inflammation hypothesized as the common denominator. The purpose of this study was to determine the causal effect of periodontitis and the concomitant impact of diet on the onset of insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM using a rat model system that simulates human obesity and T2DM.Methods: Twenty‐eight, 5‐week‐old female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF, fa/fa) rats were divided into four groups of seven animals: high‐fat fed–periodontitis (HF/P), high‐fat fed–no periodontitis (HF/C), low‐fat fed–periodontitis (LF/P), and low‐fat fed–no periodontitis (LF/C). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured, and glucose tolerance tests were performed to assess glucose homeostasis, IR, and the onset of T2DM. The level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), leptin, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were determined in week 13 at sacrifice.Results: HF/P rats developed more severe IR compared to HF/C rats (P <0.01) and LF/P or LF/C rats (P <0.001) as measured by fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment analysis. The onset of severe IR occurred ∼3 weeks earlier in HF/P rats compared to HF/C rats. HF/P rats developed impaired (110 to 125 mg/dl) and frank fasting hyperglycemia (>125 mg/dl) 2 weeks earlier than HF/C rats. There was no difference in the severity and onset of IR and T2DM between LF/P and LF/C rats. The level of TNF‐α was significantly higher in HF/P rats compared to HF/C rats (P <0.01).Conclusion: Periodontitis accelerated the onset of severe IR and impaired glucose homeostasis in high‐fat fed ZDF rats.
Periodontal Disease Early in Pregnancy Is Associated With Maternal Systemic Inflammation Among African American Women
Authors: Horton Amanda L. , Boggess Kim A. , Moss Kevin L. , Jared Heather L. , Beck James , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: July 2008

Background: Maternal periodontal disease is a chronic oral infection with local and systemic inflammatory responses and may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study determined whether maternal periodontal disease in early pregnancy is associated with elevated serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and whether maternal race influences the relationship between maternal periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory responses.Methods: A secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from the Oral Conditions and Pregnancy study was conducted. Healthy women at <26 weeks of gestation underwent an oral health examination and had blood collected. Periodontal disease was categorized by clinical criteria, and maternal serum was analyzed for CRP levels using highly sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. An elevated CRP level was defined as >75th percentile. Demographic and medical data were obtained from the women's charts. Chi‐square and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine maternal factors associated with an elevated CRP. An adjusted odds ratio (OR) for elevated CRP levels was calculated and stratified by race and periodontal disease category.Results: The median (interquartile) CRP level was 4.8 (0.6 to 15.7) μg/ml, and an elevated CRP level (>75th percentile) was 15.7 μg/ml. African American race and moderate/severe periodontal disease were significantly associated with elevated CRP levels. When stratified by race, moderate/severe periodontal disease remained associated with an elevated CRP level among African American women (adjusted OR: 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2 to 8.5) but not among white women (adjusted OR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.2 to 3.6) after adjusting for age, smoking, parity, marital status, insurance status, and weight.Conclusion: Among African American women, moderate/severe periodontal disease is associated with elevated CRP levels early in pregnancy.
First Laboratory Perforating Tests in Coal Show Lower-Than-Expected Penetration
Authors: Snider P. M. , Walton I. C. , Skinner T. K. , Atwood D. C. , Grove B. M. , Graham C. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
Worldwide Coal Bed Methane (CBM) resources are huge, estimated at 3,000 to 9,000 Tcf. The worldwide production from CBM is dominated by US production of 1.6 Bcf/year, where an estimated 20,000 wells are in production from CBM reservoirs. Wyoming's Powder River Basin (PRB) alone has 12,000 wells in production, with an estimated 50,000 more wells to be drilled in the next 10–15 years. The production rate from CBM reservoirs is low, perhaps 50–100 mcf/day. Various completion methods are being evaluated and new technologies are being developed with the aim of increasing production rates.
Considering this interest and activity level, little attention has been paid to the CBM completion fundamentals. Perforating is a critical part of this process, especially considering the PRB development migration from single-coal, open-hole completions into multi-zone, cased-hole completions Whereas the industry has substantial knowledge of perforating characteristics in sandstones and, to a lesser extent, carbonates, almost nothing is known about perforating in coal. Predictions of perforation characteristics, such as depth of penetration, are based on correlations developed for sandstones.
This paper will describe the first known laboratory-testing program to investigate shaped charge penetration in coal targets. We will describe mechanical properties of the coals tested, and penetration results for different shaped charges (of different designs), shot at various stress conditions. CT scan and cutaway imaging of the perforation tunnels will also be discussed. Tests were conducted under dry and saturated conditions.
The preliminary experiments reported here indicate that shaped charge penetration in coal is significantly less than expected, considering the target's density and strength. The authors will provide insight into what may be the reasons for these unexpected results and recommend a path forward for shaped charge testing, designs, predictive tools, and how to optimize CBM completions.
Tubing Buckling—The Rest of the Story
Authors: Mitchell Robert F. 
Published: July 2008

Summary
The need to improve completion reliability has prompted a second, deeper look at the analysis of tubing buckling. The conventional-buckling analysis is assumed to hold "far from the packer", but what happens "near" the packer?
The original development by Lubinski and Woods used the method of virtual work to determine a constant pitch helix. All attempts to connect a constant pitch helix to boundary conditions, such as a packer, have failed. The conventional wisdom says that the virtual work solution applies "far from the packer". How far is this, and what happens between the packer and this point? Even worse is the case of tapered strings. The generally accepted answer to the tapered string problem is a "stacked" set of Lubinski solutions, with each solution far from the interconnection of the different sized tubulars (1962).
Perhaps there are nonconstant pitch solutions? Because the buckling-differential Eq. is nonlinear, it is not surprising that no other analytic solutions have been discovered until recently. Once these solutions are known, the initial value problem can be posed and solved. Two possible boundary conditions are considered in this study: a cantilever boundary condition to model a packer, and a "pinned" boundary condition to model a centralizer. For the first time, analytic solutions were found for both problems, and interestingly, both solutions converged rapidly to Lubinski's constant pitch solution at a specified distance from the boundary. For this reason, many of the original Lubinski calculations remain essentially correct, (such as length change and contact forces). Alternatively, the bending moment near the boundary exceeds the bending moment calculated from the Lubinski solution by approximately 20%. For this reason, conventional pipe-buckling stress analysis must be revised. Further applications of these solutions allow different sized tubulars to be interconnected, solving the tapered-string problem for the first time. An additional, useful result is the solution to the helix "reversal" problem.
The principal applications for these solutions are the stress analysis and design of tubing and casing strings. The boundary solutions are simple formulas, suitable for spreadsheet or hand calculations.
Approximate analytical solutions of scattering states for Klein-Gordon equation with Hulthén potentials for nonzero angular momentum
Authors: Chen Chang-Yuan , Lu Fa-Lin , Sun Dong-Sheng 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In this paper, using the exponential function transformation approach along with an approximation for the centrifugal potential, the radial Klein-Gordon equation with the vector and scalar Hulthén potential is transformed to a hypergeometric differential equation. The approximate analytical solutions of t-waves scattering states are presented. The normalized wave functions expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions of scattering states on the “k/2π scale” and the calculation formula of phase shifts are given. The physical meaning of the approximate analytical solution is discussed.
On excited states of the Au3 cluster: an ab initio study
Authors: Rusakov Alexander , Zaitsevskii André 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Excited electronic states of the Au3 cluster are studied within the shape-consistent small-core relativistic pseudopotential model using many-body multipartitioning perturbation theory. Vertical transition energies and dipole moments are evaluated. For highly symmetric isomer, these theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with spectroscopic data from experiments.
Design and economics of industrial production of fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Vaňková Katarína , Onderková Zdenka , Antošová Monika , Polakovič Milan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA process for industrial production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS’s) based on the conversion of sucrose by immobilized fructosyltransferase (FTase) from the cells of Aureobasidium pullulans CCY 27-1-94 was developed. Particular process operations and conditions were designed employing results of laboratory and semi-pilot scale experiments. The process flowsheet comprised three sections: FTase production, which included fermentation, isolation and purification of the enzyme, FTase immobilization and FOS’s production where a product with a high content of FOS’s was prepared by the removal of glucose, fructose and unreacted sucrose from the reaction mixture using simulated moving-bed chromatography. Two alternative process flowsheets were proposed for the annual production of 10 000 t of FOS’s: one for a powdery product and the second one for syrup. The economic analysis provided the costs for the production of immobilized FTase and FOS’s using two different price estimates for sucrose.
Effect of different Fe(III) compounds on photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts and on iron accumulation in maize plants
Authors: Kráľová Katarína , Masarovičová Elena , Šeršeň František , Ondrejkovičová Iveta 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSynthesis and spectral characteristics of [Fe(nia)3Cl3] and [Fe(nia)3(H2O)2](ClO4)3 are described. The effect of these compounds as well as of FeCl3·6H2O on photosynthetic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts was investigated using EPR spectroscopy. It was found that due to the interaction of these compounds with tyrosine radicals situated at the 161st position in D1 (TyrZ) and D2 (TyrD) proteins located at the donor side of photosystem (PS) II, electron transport between the photosynthetic centres PS II and PS I was interrupted. In addition, the treatment with [Fe(nia)3(H2O)2](ClO4)3 resulted in a release of Mn(II) from the oxygen evolving complex situated on the donor side of PS II. Moreover, the effect of the Fe(III) compounds studied on some production characteristics of hydroponically cultivated maize plants and on Fe accumulation in plant organs was investigated. In general, the production characteristic most inhibited by the presence of Fe(III) compounds was the leaf dry mass and [Fe(nia)3(H2O)2](ClO4)3 was found to be the most effective compound. The highest Fe amount was accumulated in the roots, and the leaves treated with Fe(III) compounds contained more Fe than the stems. The treatment with FeCl3·6H2O caused the most effective translocation of Fe into the shoots. Comparing the effect of nicotinamide complexes, [Fe(nia)3(H2O)2](ClO4)3 was found to facilitate the translocation of Fe into the shoots more effectively than [Fe(nia)3Cl3]. This could be connected with the different structure of these complexes. [Fe(nia)3(H2O)2](ClO4)3 has ionic structure and, in addition, coordinated H2O molecules can be easily substituted by other ligands.
Synthesis and reactions of 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furo[3,2-c]pyridine
Authors: Bradiaková Ivana , Prónayová Naďa , Gatial Anton , Krutošíková Alžbeta 
Published: June 2008

Abstract(E)-3-{5-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-2-yl}propenoic acid (I) was prepared from 5-[3-(tri-fluoromethyl)phenyl]furan-2-carbaldehyde under the Doebner’s conditions. The obtained acid was converted to the corresponding azide II, which was cyclized by heating in diphenyl ether to 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydrofuro[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one (III). This compound was aromatized with phosphorus oxychloride to chloroderivative IV which was reduced with H2NNH2-Pd/C to the title compound V. 2-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5-oxide (VI) was synthesized by reaction of V with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in dichloromethane. On treatment of VI with benzoyl chloride and potassium cyanide (Reissert-Henze reaction), corresponding 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furo[3,2-c]pyridine-1-carbonitrile (VII) resulted. 5-Amino-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]furo[3,2-c]pyridin-5-ium-4-methylbenzene sulfonate (VIII) was prepared by direct N-amination of the title compound V with 1-[(aminooxy)sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzene in dichloromethane. Then, VIII was transformed to a non-isolated zwitterionic N-imid IX which afforded the corresponding furo[3,2-c]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine carboxylic acid esters X, XI by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with dimethyl but-2-ynedionate (DBD) or ethyl propiolate. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by their IR and NMR spectra.
Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of an antihistamine drug astemizole
Authors: Alghamdi Ahmad 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe square-wave voltammetric technique was used to explore the adsorption properties of the astemizole drug. The analytical methodology used was based on the adsorptive preconcentration of the drug on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by the electrochemical reduction process which yielded a well-defined cathodic peak at −1.184 V (vs. the Ag/AgCl electrode). To achieve high sensitivity, various experimental and instrumental variables were investigated such as the supporting electrolyte, pH, accumulation time and potential, drug concentration, scan rate, SW frequency, pulse amplitude, convection rate, and the working electrode area. Under the optimized conditions, the AdSV peak current was proportional over the analyte concentration range of 5 × 10−7 to 2.5 × 10−6 mol L−1 (r = 0.998) with the detection limit of 1.4 × 10−8 mol L−1 (6.4 ng mL−1). The precision of the proposed method in terms of RSD was 2.4 %, whereas the method accuracy was indicated by the mean recovery of 100.1 %. Possible interferences of several substances usually present in the pharmaceutical tablets and formulations were also evaluated. The applicability of this electroanalytic approach was illustrated by the determination of astemizole in tablets and biological fluids.
Potential surgical targets for deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Hauptman Jason S. , DeSalles Antonio A. F. , Espinoza Randall , Sedrak Mark , Ishida Warren 
Published: June 2008

Object
The goal of this study was to evaluate the definition of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), review the literature regarding deep brain stimulation (DBS) for TRD, and identify potential anatomical and functional targets for future widespread clinical application.

Methods
A comprehensive literature review was performed to determine the current status of DBS for TRD, with an emphasis on the scientific support for various implantation sites.

Results
The definition of TRD is presented, as is its management scheme. The rationale behind using DBS for depression is reviewed. Five potential targets have been identified in the literature: ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens, subgenual cingulate cortex (area 25), inferior thalamic peduncle, rostral cingulate cortex (area 24a), and lateral habenula. Deep brain stimulation electrodes thus far have been implanted and activated in only the first 3 of these structures in humans. These targets have proven to be safe and effective, albeit in a small number of cases.

Conclusions
Surgical intervention for TRD in the form of DBS is emerging as a viable treatment alternative to existing modalities. Although the studies reported thus far have small sample sizes, the results appear to be promising. Various surgical targets, such as the subgenual cingulate cortex, inferior thalamic peduncle, and nucleus accumbens, have been shown to be safe and to lead to beneficial effects with various stimulation parameters. Further studies with larger patient groups are required to adequately assess the safety and efficacy of these targets, as well as the optimal stimulation parameters and long-term effects.