bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Priorities in Gerontologic Nursing for Long‐Term Care
Authors: Brower H. Terri , Crist Mary Ann 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA four‐round Delphi survey was carried out to identify the impressions of practitioners as to research priorities in long‐term care. The fixed sample was drawn from 59 nursing homes and 40 home health agencies in Southeast Florida.In addition to completing a demographic data form, subjects were asked to identify five current nursing research issues during Round I. These items were sorted and categorized into 41 discrete items, which subjects were requested to rate on a five‐point scale during Round II. Items were rated in three discrete categories in relation to the importance of the research for patient welfare, nursing education, and nursing practice; and items were rated in three impact statements concerning patient welfare, older people in the state, and older people in the United States. Round III gave the subjects an opportunity to change their rating on being provided with their own rating as well as a group mean on all items for each of the six categories. A total of 50% of the subjects from Round I completed all rounds. The identified priorities can be viewed as a step toward identifying research needs by those in the practice setting and can direct researchers to conduct studies that practicing nurses might be more apt to adapt to their practice settings.
Faculty As Doctoral Students: Policies of Doctoral Programs in Nursing
Authors: Brown Kathleen C. , Dashiff Carol , Henry Beverly M. , Horns Phyllis N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe and analyze existent policies of doctoral programs in nursing with respect to the dual assumption of the student and faculty member roles. A 7‐item instrument was developed to ascertain policies used by doctoral programs in nursing. All of the 22 programs surveyed responded. The majority of schools had doctoral students in nursing who were also on the faculty in their own program. Equal proportions of the sample (40.9%) either prohibited enrollment of faculty members in the doctoral programs at their schools or permitted enrollment with restrictions in at least one of the following areas: number of dual faculty/ students, rank, credit hours, and limitations to undergraduate teaching only. Each of the four schools having no regulation on the dual role were in private universities and had less than 9% of their faculty enrolled in their doctoral programs. Stringent policies were more likely to be found in public institutions and to have emanated from university regulations. The results indicated that the issue of dual role had achieved policy agenda status in schools of nursing with doctoral programs and that the concern is of such magnitude that it has resulted in policy formulation university‐wide. A variety of enrollment policies appear to have been accepted and valued.
Contexts for Scientific Creativity: Applications to Nursing
Authors: Murphy Susan O. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the internal process of scientific creativity as described by scholars and scientists and identifies contextual factors that support this process, including institutional setting, scientific collegiaiity, mentorship, freedom of ideas, and avoidance of overcommitments. The author relates this discussion to the discipline of nursing and identifies factors within nursing that foster or hinder creative work. The integration of personal and contextual factors as well as a deep commitment to one's scientific pursuit are proposed as the highest manifestation of creative science and scholarship within a discipline.
Conflict of interest in academia
Authors: Goldrick Barbara A. , Larson Elaine , Lyons Doris 
Published: October 2007

Summary.Conflict of interest in academia has been increasingly recognized over the past decade. Yet, comparatively little is written in respect to this problem. The authors provide an overview of conflict of interest as it applies to nursing research and addresses how it can also affect practice and education. Resources for the development of guidelines to prevent conflicts of interest are presented.
Equal Team Partners? The Roles of Principal Investigators, Co‐Principal Investigators and Co‐Investigators on Federally Supported Research Grants
Authors: Cohen Felissa L. , Holm Karyn , Cloninger Lea 
Published: October 2007

Summary.A survey of 188 NLN‐accredited graduate nursing programs was done to determine how the research roles of principal investigator (PI), co‐principal investigator (Co‐PI) and co‐investigator (Co‐I) are supported and to examine the similarities and differences in benefits for Pis, Co‐PIs and Co‐Is. Most schools did not provide salary supplementation in addition to the usual salary for any investigators. For other benefits, the PI was more likely than was the Co‐PI or Co‐I to receive direct access to indirect cost recovery dollars, the use of extra research assistants, and the reduction of teaching time commensurate with the time supported by their grant. If the team approach is truly valued, should not all investigators be rewarded in a like manner?
Toward A Model For Nursing Informatics
Authors: Turley James P. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To propose a new model for the development of nursing informatics based on historical precedent.Significance: Nursing informatics is expanding rapidly. The proposed model aids in understanding the areas of research, relating them to each other, and it shows areas where work is missing or should be extended.Organizing Framework: Nursing informatics as the interaction of cognitive science, computer science, and information science resting on a base of nursing science.Implications: As this model is tested, it can act as an organizing framework to understand and relate studies of nursing informatics and give organization for future research, education, and development.
Collaborative Research by Graduate Students
Authors: Yonge Olive , Skillen D. Lynn , Henderson Dianne 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: Educators are challenged to prepare graduate students for future cooperative efforts by fostering collaboration.Organizing Framework: Assumptions and beliefs about collaborative research are examined and a definition and ethical considerations are suggested. A sample letter of agreement is also provided.Conclusions: Effective collaborative research is accomplished through planning and organization, and cannot be left to chance.
Building the Information Infrastructure Required for Managed Care
Authors: Jones Lynette D. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe the information used by health care purchasers, policymakers, and administrators when making the decisions required in a managed‐care environment and what the profession must do to develop an information infrastructure to demonstrate its contribution to patient outcomes.Scope: Managed care has created a competitive environment for all health care organizations in which they must offer the best value for their dollar. The purchasing processes germane to managed care rely heavily on information for the selection of cost‐effective providers and the provision of efficient care. lnformation used in these processes is derived from transaction systems that largely describe physician and other health care worker's services, but not nursing care. Data analysis by computers requires that data be obtained using a standardized language. Currently, nursing lacks a unified approach to the use of a standardized nursing language.Conclusions: Individual nurses, nurse managers, executives, and educators should strive to develop an information infrastructure that will overcome barriers. Nurses should both adopt a unified approach to a standardized language, and develop a nationwide information infrastructure that will demonstrate nursing's contribution to patient outcomes.
Validation of a Vignette Simulation of Assault on Nurses by Patients
Authors: Lanza Marilyn Lewis , Carifio James , Pattison Ivor , Hicks Carol 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To determine the degree to which causal attribution (“blame”) scores obtained from written vignettes of assault incidents, simulations of reality, reflect results that would be obtained from victims of actual assaults.Design: Correlational study. Data were collected, 1990–1993, from a convenience sample of 59 RNs who had been assaulted verbally or physically at one neuropsychiatric hospital in the United States.Methods: Victims used the Causal Attribution Scale to assign blame for their assault. Three judges then used the same scale to attribute cause for the assault based on a written description of the assault by the victim.Findings: No significant differences in mean causal attribution levels were found between victims and the average ratings for the three judges for mild or severe assaults, nor between victims, judges, and the response levels obtained in two previous vignette studies.Conclusions: Mean causal attribution (“blame”) scores observed in simulations that are carefully constructed assault vignettes are nearly the same as those observed in actual assaults. Vignettes appear promising as a simulation to study actual or hypothetical responses to assault.
Perspectives Unifying Symptom Interpretation
Authors: Teel Cynthia S. , Meek Paula , McNamara Anne M. , Watson Lorraine 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To introduce the symptom interpretation model (SIM) and facilitate understanding symptoms from an intrapersonal perspective. Determining an individual's interpretation of symptoms is critical to understanding the resulting decisions.Organizing Construct: SIM is based on an illness representation model, knowledge structures theroy, and propositions about reasoning. Individuals name and assign meaning to environmental stimuli. Based on this interpretation, behaviors are selected for symptom management.Methods: Theory derivation was used to develop SIM for understanding comparisons of known and new symptoms in a behavioral outcomes context.Conclusions: Symptom familiarity reinforces patterns about symptom management. SIM enriches understanding of symptom experiences. Comprehensive assessment, including the intraindividual perspective, is essential to successful symptom management.
Using Literature to Create Cultural Competence
Authors: Bartol Genevieve M. , Richardson Lenora 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe how literature can be used to promote cultural competence. Cultural competence is essential for nurses who practice in diverse societies like the United States.Organizing Framework: Cultural competence is viewed as a dynamic process of framing assumptions, knowledge, and meanings from a culture other than one's own. Selected excerpts from “The Color Purple” by Alice Walker are used to illustrate the method. Isler' s readers' response theory serves as a guide for imaginative engagement and reflective discussion of the concept of health.Conclusions: Literature helps to dispel the false notion of a monolithic culture. Reflecting on reputable literature helps us hear the stories of those we hope to help and heal.
Diabetes Research in an American Indian Community
Authors: Jacobson Sharol F. , Booton‐Hiser Deborah , Moore John H. , Edwards Karethy A. , Pryor Sue , Campbell Janis M. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe field experiences of a nurse‐led team conducting collaborative research on diabetes with an American Indian community. Diabetes is of epidemic proportions among Indians. Methodological reports can assist nurse researchers to make important contributions to Indian health and diabetes care.Organizing Framework: Wax's, stages of fieldwork: Initiation, fieldwork, post‐field work.Scope and Method: Report of key research experiences from all phases of a study with an Indian community (1988–1996). Based on review of classic literature, field notes, and team meetings.Findings: Methodological literature on research with Indians and cultural tutelage by Indians were helpful but neither sufficient nor infallible. A long period of investigator presence in the community before beginning the research was extremely useful. The need for researchers to explain their presence and the contribution of research to the community was ongoing.Conclusions: Wax's conception of field work as a dialectic process was supported. A collaborative, community focus and willingness to spend much time acquiring cultural knowledge can facilitate successful research on Indian health.
Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis in the Nursing Literature, 1992–1996
Authors: Allred Charlene A. , Arford Patricia H. , Mauldin Patrick D. , Goodwin Linda K. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To review the recommendations by the U.S. Panel on Cost‐Effectiveness in Health and Medicine (panel) for use in future nursing research. The review (a) provides a critique of the nursing cost‐effectiveness and cost utility literature from the perspective of the recommendations set forth by the panel and other recognized authorities in cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA), (b) constructs an interdisciplinary framework to show the steps in the conduct of CEA, (c) makes the fechniques and major findings of nursing CEA studies available and understandable, and (d) offers guidelines for the incorporation of CEA into the evaluation of future nursing intervention and research.Data Sources: Seven nursing studies published between 1992 and 1996 that compared two or more interventions for costs and outcomes.Organizing Framework: For each study, the (a) perspective, fb) net costs, (c) net effect, (d) analysis of costs and effects, and (e) decision outcomes were analyzed.Findings: If the panel's recommendations reflect the problems in the health care CEA literature in general, then on balance, the nursing CEA 1992–1996 studies are no more or less flawed than CEA studies in the health or medical care fields.Conclusions: Methodologic guidelines and interdisciplinary strategies are needed to advance the progress of nursing cost‐effectiveness research.
Spirituality and Chronic Illness
Authors: O'Neill Debra P. , Kenny Elaine K. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To present a comprehensive overview of spirituality and identify strategies to support the spiritual dimensions of nursing care for people with chronic illness, focusing specifically on HIV‐related illness and AIDS.Significance and Scope: The AIDS crisis has brought new emphasis to the need to develop therapeutic interventions to support the coping resources of people living and dying with chronic illness. Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical knowledge related to spirituality was reviewed, integrated, and interpreted within the context of nursing care for this population, emphasizing the spiritual needs of people with HIV‐related illness and AIDS.Conclusions and Implications: Spirituality has evolved beyond religious considerations to encompass multidimensional and existential perspectives that are integral to maintaining well‐being for the chronically ill. A deeper understanding of spirituality enhances the potential for nurses to identify spiritual needs and incorporate spiritual caring into practice.
Nurse Staffing Levels and Adverse Events Following Surgery in U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Kovner Christine , Gergen Peter J. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To examine the relationship between nurse staffing and selected adverse events hypothesized to be sensitive to nursing care, while controlling for related hospital characteristics. Efforts in the United States to reduce hospital costs, resulting in strategies to use fewer nurses, have stimulated extensive debate but little evaluation.Design: Survey using data from a 20% stratified probability sample to approximate U.S. community hospitals. The sample included 589 acute‐care hospitals in 10 states.Methods: Discharge data from 1993 for patients aged 18 years and over were used to create hospital‐level adverse event indicators. These hospital‐level data were matched to American Hospital Association data on community hospital characteristics, including nurse staffing, to examine the relationship between nurse staffing and adverse events.Results: A large and significant inverse relationship was found between full‐time‐equivalent RNs per adjusted inpatient day (RNAPD) and urinary tract infections after major surgery (p<.0001) as well as pneumonia after major surgery (p<.001). A significant but less robust inverse relationship was found between RNAPD and thrombosis after major surgery (p<.01), as well as pulmonary compromise after major surgery (p<.05).Conclusions: Inverse relationships between nurse staffing and these adverse events provide information for managers to use when redesigning and restructuring the clinical workforce employed in providing inpatient care.
Estimating the Market for Nursing Personnel in North Carolina
Authors: Cleary Brenda L. , Lacey Linda M. , Beck‐Warden Michelle 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To facilitate nurse workforce planning in the United States at the state level, the North Carolina Center for Nursing conducted a statewide survey of nurse employers to describe the current market for nurses; identify the types of nursing personnel in short supply; estimate the effect of organizational changes on nursing demand; examine preferences for RNs with varying levels of education; and identify the specific skills or competencies desired by employers.Design: Descriptive.Methods: A geographically stratified random sample of 909 nurse‐employing organizations in North Carolina was surveyed in 1996 by telephone. A total of 667 interviews were completed for a response rate of 78%. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses are reported.Results: A nursing labor market was found characterized by uncertainty in hospitals, particularly those undergoing reorganization, but of definite growth outside of hospitals. Demand is increasing for unlicensed assistive personnel, RNs with baccalaureate degrees, some advanced practice RNs, and in hospitals, for RNs with master's degrees in management. Recruitment continues to be a major challenge to hospitals in specialty areas, particularly critical care and surgery. In the community sector, demand is strong for all types of nursing personnel. Tests for substitution of specific types of nursing personnel revealed no systematic substitution by employers. Critical thinking and management skills were Competencies most valued by hospital employers while specific clinical competencies, including assessment skills and technical skills, received priority emphasis by community‐based employers.Conclusions: Although change is occurring in the health system of North Carolina, there remains a strong demand for nursing personnel. The findings pose a challenge to produce a nursing workforce sufficient in numbers and education.
When is the Dyspnea Worth It? Understanding Functional Performance in People with Alpha‐1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Knebel Ann , Leidy Nancy Kline , Sherman Sandra 
Published: October 2007

Objective and Significance: To examine functional performance in people with emphysema because of alpha‐1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. A severe deficiency of AAT affects 1:3,500 to 1:1,670 Americans who can develop debilitating emphysema in the third to fifth decades of life.Design: Exploratory.Population: People with a severe deficiency of AAT.Sample and Demographics: Thirty‐three patients (27 men) with a mean age of 47 (SD=7) years.Years: Data were collected 7993–7996.Methods: Activities patients identified as important on the dyspnea subscale of the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire were categorized and interpreted within the context of an integrity framework (i.e., effectiveness—or connectedness‐related).Findings: Patients identified over 25 activities. Effectiveness activities, such as bathing, were mentioned most frequently (78%). Connectedness activities, such as praying with children, were mentioned less often (22%) but were ranked more important. Two patients reviewed and supported the content validity of the framework.Conclusions: Results offer insight into the activities patients with genetic emphysema choose to perform and the factors that influence the decision that “the dyspnea is worth it.”Implications: Identifying the activities people with AAT deficiency choose to perform and understanding why these activities are meaningful can guide interventions to help patients maintain a sense of integrity.
New perspectives in retinal imaging: fundus autofluorescence and age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: HOLZ F 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFundus Autofluorescence (FAF) imaging using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy is a non‐invasive method to to accurately record the topographic distribution of RPE lipofuscin in the human eye in vivo. Excessive lipofuscin accumkulation in the RPE is a common downstream pathogenetic pathway in various complex and monogenetic retinal diseases. Toxic compounds and molecular mechanisms of interference with normal cellular functions have been identified including the dominant fluorophore A2‐E. Alterations in fundus autofluorescence (FAF) appearance in eyes with early and late age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) can be striking. FAF patterns and distribution do not necessarily correlate with the features of interest in color or angiographic images of eyes with early or late AMD. In the prospective, multicenter FAM study distinct patterns of abnormal FAF were identified and classified in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy (GA). Areas of increased FAF outside GA were associated with variable degrees of loss of retinal sensitivity when tested with microperimetry which suggests a functional correlate of lipofuscin accumulation. Increased FAF preceded the development and enlargement of outer retinal atrophy associated with spread of absolute scotoma in eyes with AMD. Longitudinal examinations showed that the abnormal phenotypic FAF patterns serve as novel prognostic determinants which allows to distinguish fast vs. slow progressors. These findings are relevant and now used to design and carry out interventional trials with agents aimed at slowing down spread of atrophy, e.g. using visual cycle modulators to influence lipofuscinogenesis. Hereby FAF imaging also serves as a mean to accurately delineate and measure areas of GA over time in an automated fashion. A phenotype‐genotype correlation was identified for a distinct FAF phenotype subset which was found to represent late‐onset Stargardt macular dystrophy mimicking late‐stage atrophic AMD. New imaging technologies were recently applied including simultaneous recordings of FAF images and high‐resolution, spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) which allows to identify morphological correlates of abnormal FAF signals in optical biopsies.