bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal glucocorticoid analysis as indicator of stress and its effect on the reproduction hormones of the female Malayan sun bear (Helarctus malayanus) in captivity.
Authors: Zoumin Elden , Abdul-Mawah Siti Sarayati , Chor-Wai Lo , Jasnie Farnidah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) is frequently used as a non-invasive tool to assess adrenocortical activity in animal conservation and welfare studies. However, studies assessing the stress level and its effect on the reproductive hormones of female Malayan sun bear is lacking. This study aims to assess the level of stress of the female Malayan sun bear in captivity and its effect on the female reproductive hormones of the female Malayan sun bears in captivity in Malaysian Borneo. Through FGM analysis via the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) method, it was found that the bear living in BSBCC has the lowest level of glucocorticoid. as for the relationship between the level of stress and the female reproductive hormones, the level of estrogen which was indicated by estradiol, decreases as the level of FGM increases. In contrast, the level of progesterone increase as the level of FGM increases. It can be concluded that the level of stress in captivity could affect the level of estrogen and progesterone and a high level of progesterone does not always indicate a good reproductive function in female mammals.
Spatio Temporal Analysis of Water Quality at Tasek Bera
Authors: Mohd Nazri N A , Ismain S H A , Foronda Vladimir , Salleh S A , Abdullah M F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bera Lake is Malaysia’s largest natural fresh water reservoir. It has critical environmental and ecological significance for both humans and wildlife. Nonetheless, the water quality of this lake has deteriorated during the previous few decades as a result of land development projects in the river basin area. This study aims to analyse the spatio temporal pattern of water quality in Tasek Bera and to identify and evaluate the degradation grade for water quality, as well as to identify the environmental crucial factor for Tasek Bera and its surrounding area. This study also implements remote sensing technology to determine the water quality parameters in Tasek Bera. The data for this study was obtained from Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 5 MSS from 3 different years which are year 2000, 2010 and 2020. The landset image were processed and integrated into the Geographical Information System (GIS) software to undergo classification, principal component analysis and weighted overlay process. Based on the weighted overlay mapping and Malaysia’s water quality index, the result showed that in year 2000, the water quality in Tasek Bera is mostly being in the second class (fair water quality) but in 2010, it shows a prominent increasing performance when the lake is mostly being in the first class (excellent water quality). However, in the year 2020, we had observe a significant decreasing of water quality especially on the upper section and the middle section of Tasek Bera. Through this study, researchers will be able to further analyse Tasek Bera’s current environmental state, and eventually bring evidence in the environmental deterioration that Tasek Bera has endured. This is also to make people realise the ecological importance of wetlands in Malaysia.
Floristic composition and species diversity at Gunung Inas forest reserve, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Fnd Afimy , Pardi Faezah , Ruziman Hasya Hannani 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Monoculture plantations such as Musang King durian farms on a big scale become a controversial issue due to its potential devastating impact to the diversity of forest reserves at some areas in Kedah including Gunung Inas Forest Reserve. This study intended to determine the floristic composition and species diversity at Gunung Inas Forest Reserve (GIFR), Kedah. Three plots of 70 m x 25 m covering 0.53 ha were established at GIFR. Each tree with diameter at breast height of 5 cm and above in the study plots were tagged, measured and identified up to species level. Voucher specimens were then taken for further identification purposes. The floristic composition of GIFR consists of 53 individuals represented by 16 species from 12 families. Anacardiaceae was the most speciose family with four species recorded. The most dominant species was Swintonia schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) with 14 tree individuals. S. schwenkii (Anacardiaceae) was considered to have an absolute dominance at the study site with Important Value Index (IVi) of 12.48%, meanwhile Myrtaceae recorded 20.87% of IVi, reflecting this family to be relatively dominant than other families. GIFR recorded moderate Shannon-Weiner Diversity index of H’ = 2.66 (H’max = 2.77) and Margalef’s Richness Index of DMG = 8.7. High Evenness Index of 0.71 portrayed that the tree species are almost equally abundant at the study area. The total tree biomass in the GIFR was estimated at 76.26 t/ha, contributed by 66.04 t/ha of above ground biomass and 10.22 t/ha below ground biomass. Data and information from this study can serve as a guideline for future ecological research and particularly in planning conservation efforts to ensure the biodiversity and sustainability of forests for future generations.
Amalgamation of Bio-Eco Culture for Sustainable Island Tourism Development
Authors: Othman Raja Norashekin Binti Raja , Abdullah Yusfida Ayu , Nasrudin Na’asah , Yakob Hamizah , Nasir Rabiatul Adawiyah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Tourism development can benefit from integrating biology, ecology, and cultural elements. Bio-Eco culture in tourism development emphasizes preserving and showcasing a destination’s unique natural and cultural assets. This approach recognizes that ecosystems and cultural assets are often intertwined and should be considered in developing sustainable tourism. However, tourism development activities often conflict with these efforts. A recent study shows that tourism development has been pursued independently, leading to an imbalance in tourism development. The situation in the study area is identical. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the relationship between cultural ecology and human behaviour as a tool for developing sustainable tourism. Jerejak Island, Penang was selected as a study area. A quantitative approach was applied, involving 150 tourists as respondents. The research identified the potential of tourism resources in the study area and investigated tourist typology through their behaviour. The study revealed a gap between conserving the island’s ecological and biological quality, neglecting the protection of heritage resources, and excessively meeting the needs of tourists. To achieve sustainable tourism development, it is necessary to address these three areas in parallel. It makes the Bio-Eco Cultural in tourism development approach suitable for the study area. Overall, the Bio-Eco cultural approach is also an effort to conserve local tourism resources.
Introduction
Authors: Erdman Andrew L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Julian Eltinge’s act is reconstructed to give readers an idea what it might have been like to see the impersonation artist in “big-time vaudeville,” for it was in vaudeville that Eltinge got his first taste of stardom. This era also marked the rise of scientific sexology led by Havelock Ellis, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, and others. These men reframed sex and gender through a clinical, empirical lens and thus wrest authority from the Church. This solved some problems but in time led to others, such as the pathologizing of cultural noncompliers. Eltinge managed by presenting himself as a specialist, a serious professional, as the field of masculine contest shifted from the rural and local to the urban and organizational. This chapter also explores the oft-posed question regarding Eltinge’s sexuality—“Was he gay”?—not to answer it definitively but to consider what psychological and cultural cargo are implied in such an inquiry.
Epilogue
Authors: Erdman Andrew L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Epilogue provides an overview of the ways in which Julian Eltinge has been remembered, framed, misremembered, forgotten, and resuscitated by writers and thinkers in the time since his death. During the conservative 1940s–1950s, he was either relegated to the antediluvian past and/or praised for being uncontroversial. In the 1960s, as mores began to loosen, some definitively outed Eltinge as gay. As sociocultural and political gay identity coalesced in the post-Stonewall 1990s and amid the AIDS epidemic, some authors tried to resuscitate Eltinge into the LGBTQ pantheon. In our current period of antigay, anti-drag, and anti-trans reactionism, we see the mainstreaming of Julian Eltinge in Pride Month rhetoric from large, neoliberal corporations, a lumping-in of the artist with other early gender nonconformers who may have paid a social and economic price Eltinge largely avoided.
Floral traits and their connection with pollinators and climate
Authors: Basnett Shweta , Krpan Julia , Espíndola Anahí 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Floral characteristics vary significantly among plant species, and multiple underlying factors govern this diversity. Although it is widely known that spatial variation in pollinator groups can exert selection on floral traits, the relative contribution of pollinators and climate to the variation of floral traits across large geographical areas remains a little-studied area. Besides furthering our conceptual understanding of these processes, gaining insight into the topic is also of conservation relevance: understanding how climate might drive variation in floral traits can serve to protect plant–pollinator interactions in globally change conditions.

Methods
We used Rhododendron as a model system and collected floral traits (corolla length, nectar volume and concentrations), floral visitors and climatic data on 21 Rhododendron species across two continents (North America, Appalachians and Asia, Himalaya). Based on this, we quantified the influence of climate and pollinators on floral traits using phylogeny-informed analyses.

Key Results
Our results indicate that there is substantial variation in pollinators and morphological traits across Rhododendron species and continents. We came across four pollinator groups: birds, bees, butterflies and flies. Asian species were commonly visited by birds, bees and flies, whereas bees and butterflies were the most common visitors of North American species. The visitor identity explained nectar trait variation, with flowers visited by birds presenting higher volumes of dilute nectar and those visited by insects producing concentrated nectar. Nectar concentration and corolla length exhibited a strong phylogenetic signal across the analysed set of species. We also found that nectar trait variation in the Himalayas could also be explained by climate, which presented significant interactions with pollinator identity.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that both pollinators and climate contribute and interact to drive nectar trait variation, suggesting that both can affect pollination interactions and floral (and plant) evolution individually and in interaction with each other.
IV—Emotionless Animals? Constructionist Theories of Emotion Beyond the Human Case
Authors: Birch Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Could emotions be a uniquely human phenomenon? One prominent theory in emotion science, Lisa Feldman Barrett’s Theory of Constructed Emotion (tce), suggests they might be. The source of the sceptical challenge is that tce links emotions to abstract concepts tracking socio-normative expectations, and other animals are unlikely to have such concepts. Barrett’s own response to the sceptical challenge is to relativize emotion to the perspective of an interpreter, but this is unpromising. A more promising response may be to amend the theory, dropping the commitment to the abstract nature of emotion concepts and allowing that, like olfactory concepts, they have disjunctive sensory groundings. Even if other animals were emotionless, this would not imply they lack morally significant interests. Unconceptualized valenced experiences are a sufficient basis for morally significant interests, and such experiences may occur even in the absence of discrete, constructed emotions.
Interleukin-10: a novel metabolic inducer of macrophage differentiation and subsequently contributing to improved pregnancy outcomes of mice by orchestrating oxidative phosphorylation metabolism
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Liling , Gong Guangshun , Lin Xinxiu , Luo Jing , Liu Chunyan , Mor Gil , Liao Aihua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Metabolism regulates the phenotype and function of macrophages. After recruitment to local tissues, monocytes are influenced by the local microenvironment and differentiate into various macrophages depending on different metabolic pathways. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying decidual macrophage differentiation remain unknown. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important decidual macrophage inducer and promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of bone marrow-derived macrophages. In this study, we mainly investigate the metabolic changes involved in IL-10-generated macrophages from monocytes using in vitro models. We demonstrate that exposure of monocytes (either peripheral or THP-1) to IL-10 altered the phenotype and function of resultant macrophages that are linked with OXPHOS changes. Interleukin-10 enhanced the mitochondrial complex I and III activity of THP-1 cell-differentiated macrophages and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species levels. Oxidative phosphorylation blockage with oligomycin changed the cell morphology of IL-10-generated macrophages and the expression levels of cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon gamma, and IL-10, apart from changes in the expression level of the surface markers CD206, CD209, and CD163. Moreover, in vivo IL-10 administration reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced embryo resorption rate, and this effect was diminished when OXPHOS was inhibited, demonstrating that OXPHOS is important for the improved pregnancy outcomes of IL-10 in LPS-induced abortion-prone mice. Our findings provide deep insights into the roles of IL-10 in macrophage biology and pregnancy maintenance. Nevertheless, the direct evidence that OXPHOS is involved in decidual macrophage differentiation needs further investigations.
Metabolic pathways for glucose and fructose: I synthesis and metabolism of fructose by ovine conceptuses
Authors: Moses Robyn M , Stenhouse Claire , Halloran Katherine M , Sah Nirvay , Hoskins Emily C , Washburn Shannon E , Johnson Gregory A , Wu Guoyao , Bazer Fuller W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fructose, the most abundant hexose sugar in fetal fluids and the blood of sheep and other ungulates and cetaceans, is synthesized from glucose via the polyol pathway in trophectoderm and chorion. However, the cell-specific and temporal expression of enzymes for the synthesis and metabolism of fructose in sheep conceptuses (embryo and placental membranes) and placentomes has not been characterized. This study characterized key enzymes involved in fructose synthesis and metabolism by ovine conceptuses throughout pregnancy. Day 17 conceptuses expressed mRNAs for the polyol pathway (SORD and AKR1B1) and glucose and fructose metabolism (HK1, HK2, G6PD, OGT, and FBP), but not those required for gluconeogenesis (G6Pase or PCK). Ovine placentomes also expressed mRNAs for SORD, AKR1B1, HK1, and OGT. Fructose can be metabolized via the ketohexokinase (KHK) pathway, and isoforms, KHK-A and KHK-C, were expressed in ovine conceptuses from Day 16 of pregnancy and placentomes during pregnancy in a cell-specific manner. The KHK-A protein was more abundant in the trophectoderm and cotyledons of placentomes, while KHK-C protein was more abundant in the endoderm of Day 16 conceptuses and the chorionic epithelium in placentomes. Expression of KHK mRNAs in placentomes was greatest at Day 30 of pregnancy (P &lt; 0.05), but not different among days later in gestation. These results provide novel insights into the synthesis and metabolism of fructose via the uninhibited KHK pathway in ovine conceptuses to generate ATP via the tricarboxylic cycle, as well as substrates for the pentose cycle, hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, and one-carbon metabolism required for conceptus development throughout pregnancy.
Optimal regimes for algorithm-assisted human decision-making
Authors: Stensrud M J , Laurendeau J D , Sarvet A L 
Published: March 2024

Summary
We consider optimal regimes for algorithm-assisted human decision-making. Such regimes are decision functions of measured pre-treatment variables and, by leveraging natural treatment values, enjoy a superoptimality property whereby they are guaranteed to outperform conventional optimal regimes. When there is unmeasured confounding, the benefit of using superoptimal regimes can be considerable. When there is no unmeasured confounding, superoptimal regimes are identical to conventional optimal regimes. Furthermore, identification of the expected outcome under superoptimal regimes in nonexperimental studies requires the same assumptions as identification of value functions under conventional optimal regimes when the treatment is binary. To illustrate the utility of superoptimal regimes, we derive identification and estimation results in a common instrumental variable setting. We use these derivations to analyse examples from the optimal regimes literature, including a case study of the effect of prompt intensive care treatment on survival.
Language matters for biodiversity
Authors: Fish Robert D , Austen Gail E , Bentley Jacob W , Dallimer Martin , Fisher Jessica C , Irvine Katherine N , Bentley Phoebe R , Nawrath Maximilian , Davies Zoe G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Language is central to the way people learn about the natural world. A salient concern of the biodiversity conservation arena has been to understand how language can be employed by scientists to communicate knowledge to nonexpert audiences and build ecological literacy. The use of analogy and narrative by scientists are prominent techniques. In this article, we consider how these two modes of language-based reasoning extend into ordinary conversational language use by the public, specifically when articulating everyday understanding and experiences of biodiversity. Drawing on a process of public engagement in a UK woodland environment, a typological framework based on principles of analogical and narrative reasoning is developed to characterize the precise character of processes of everyday biodiversity sense making. The implications of the framework are discussed in the context of future biodiversity research, particularly its participatory and educational dimensions.
Clown-based Social Work as Dissent in Child Protection Practice
Authors: Steggall David , Scollen Rebecca 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article presents Clown-Based Social Work (Steggall, 2023) as a form of dissent consistent with Paul Michael Garrett’s (2021a) conceptualisation of Dissenting Social Work. It contributes to the debate sparked by Chris Maylea (2020) and continued by Paul Michael Garrett (2021b) and Joe Whelan (2022). Clown-Based Social Work is an outcome of Steggall’s, doctoral research findings. Clown theory is a relational practice that offers an alternative way of being with people in an impossible situation. Correlations between Clown Theory and Social Work Theory were observed and explored. These correlations were conceptualised into Clown-Based Social Work as a new approach to child protection practice. Three key concepts of Clown-Based Social Work are discussed as forms of dissent from established ways of knowing and normative familial ideals in child protection work: Failure, Stupidity and Play. These three concepts are explored as relational practices that can enact dialogue between service users and social workers. This discussion is both a response to what Maylea (2020) has called the contemporary failures of social work and to Garrett’s (2021a, p. 226) call for dissenting imbued perspectives in social work practice.
Conversational production and comprehension: fMRI-evidence reminiscent of but deviant from the classical Broca–Wernicke model
Authors: Arvidsson Caroline , Torubarova Ekaterina , Pereira André , Uddén Julia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A key question in research on the neurobiology of language is to which extent the language production and comprehension systems share neural infrastructure, but this question has not been addressed in the context of conversation. We utilized a public fMRI dataset where 24 participants engaged in unscripted conversations with a confederate outside the scanner, via an audio-video link. We provide evidence indicating that the two systems share neural infrastructure in the left-lateralized perisylvian language network, but diverge regarding the level of activation in regions within the network. Activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus was stronger in production compared to comprehension, while comprehension showed stronger recruitment of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus, compared to production. Although our results are reminiscent of the classical Broca–Wernicke model, the anterior (rather than posterior) temporal activation is a notable difference from that model. This is one of the findings that may be a consequence of the conversational setting, another being that conversational production activated what we interpret as higher-level socio-pragmatic processes. In conclusion, we present evidence for partial overlap and functional asymmetry of the neural infrastructure of production and comprehension, in the above-mentioned frontal vs temporal regions during conversation.
Differentiation of salivary gland tumours using diffusion-weighted image-based virtual MR elastography: a pilot study
Authors: Jung Hye Na , Ryoo Inseon , Suh Sangil , Kim Byungjun , You Sung-Hye , Kim Eunju 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Differentiation among benign salivary gland tumours, Warthin tumours (WTs), and malignant salivary gland tumours is crucial to treatment planning and predicting patient prognosis. However, differentiation of those tumours using imaging findings remains difficult. This study evaluated the usefulness of elasticity determined from diffusion-weighted image (DWI)-based virtual MR elastography (MRE) compared with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in differentiating the tumours.

Methods
This study included 17 benign salivary gland tumours, 6 WTs, and 11 malignant salivary gland tumours scanned on neck MRI. The long and short diameters, T1 and T2 signal intensities, tumour margins, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and elasticity from DWI-based virtual MRE of the tumours were evaluated. The interobserver agreement in measuring tumour elasticity and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also assessed.

Results
The long and short diameters and the T1 and T2 signal intensities showed no significant difference among the 3 tumour groups. Tumour margins and the mean ADC values showed significant differences among some tumour groups. The elasticity from virtual MRE showed significant differences among all 3 tumour groups and the interobserver agreement was excellent. The area under the ROC curves of the elasticity were higher than those of tumour margins and mean ADC values.

Conclusion
Elasticity values based on DWI-based virtual MRE of benign salivary gland tumours, WTs, and malignant salivary gland tumours were significantly different. The elasticity of WTs was the highest and that of benign tumours was the lowest. The elasticity from DWI-based virtual MRE may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumours.