bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marker of peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes of man recognized by two monoclonal antibodies VEP8 and VEP9 involves the trisaccharide 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine
Authors: Gooi Hock C. , Thorpe Susan J. , Hounsell Elizabeth F. , Rumpold Helmut , Kraft Dietrich , Förster Othmar , Feizi Ten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hybridoma antibodies (VEP8 and VEP9) raised against the promyelomonocytic leukemia cell line HL60 have previously been shown to distinguish human granulocytes and monocytes from other cells of the peripheral blood. We report here that both antibodies recognize the carbohydrate structure 3‐fucosyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine with the following sequence: magnified image This structure is the same as that recognized by a hybridoma antibody against mouse teratocarcinoma cells (anti‐SSEA‐1) which recognizes an early embryonic antigen in the mouse. Until recently this carbohydrate structure was considered to be rare among glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. However, there is a growing list of human and animal glycoproteins in which this sequence has been detected by chemical and immunochemical methods. In this article we survey this information and discuss how this and other carbohydrate structures behave as differentiation‐ or tumor‐associated antigens.
The expression of a set of antibody variable regions in lipopolysaccharide‐reactive B cells at various stages of ontogeny and its control by anti‐idiotypic antibody
Authors: Nishikawa Shin‐Ichi , Takemori Toshitada , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn analysis is presented in which we measure the expression of a subset of antibody variable (V) regions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐reactive precursor B cells at various stages of ontogeny. The V regions were characterized by hapten (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)‐binding specifity and/or expression of idiotypic determinants whose genetic basis had been explored in previous studies. Only V regions containing the Vλ1 domain were considered: this allowed an unequivocal determination of idiotopes and reduced heterogeneity in the system essentially to the multiplicity of VH and D genes.It was found that approximately every fourth λ1‐bearing LPS‐reactive splenic B cell produces an NP‐binding antibody. Approximately 1 in 40 λ1‐bearing cells expressed an idiotope (Ac38) which is encoded by Vλ1 and a set of related VH genes in combination with D and J elements. Of these cells, only a minority produce an NP‐binding antibody and a few percent of the latter express a second idiotope (Ac146) which is known to be restricted to a subset of Ac38‐positive, NP‐binding humoral antibodies. All these frequencies are in good accord with previous analyses of anti‐idiotopeinduced antibodies in the serum. They can be easily accommodated into a simple model of random selection of VH genes in LPS‐reactive B lymphocytes.The frequencies of the V regions under study were essentially the same in LPS‐reactive B cells from spleens of adult and newborn animals and in LPS‐reactive B cells generated from bone marrow pre‐B cells in vitro. In the case of the latter cells the frequencies were independent of the absence or presence of T cells in the culture system.While we could thus detect, in naive mice, neither positive nor negative selection of the cells from the time of their generation in the bone marrow until their arrival in the periphery, negative selection is in principle possible: the presence of microgram amounts of anti‐idiotope antibodies during maturation from pre‐B to B cells specifically blocks the appearance of idiotope‐bearing LPS‐reactive cells in vitro. The potential physiological role of the latter effect in the sense of self‐stabilization of the expressed antibody repertoire in ongoing immune responses and the possibility that frequency determinations in LPS‐reactive B cells may be not representative for the repertoire expressed in the population of mature B cells is discussed.
T lymphocyte lines producing or vaccinating against autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Functional activation induces peanut agglutinin receptors and accumulation in the brain and thymus of line cells
Authors: Naparstek Yaakov , Ben‐Nun Avraham , Holoshitz Joseph , Reshef Tamara , Frenkel Ayala , Rosenberg Mireille , Cohen Irun R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied lines of rat T cells, specifically reactive against myelin basic protein (BP), that were functional in mediating autoimmune encephalomyelitis or in vaccinating rats against induction of active EAE. Herein we report that these functions depended on activation of the cells by incubation with BP or with a T cell mitogen prior to inoculation into recipient rats. Activation was accompanied by the exposure of membrane‐binding sites specific for the lectin peanut agglutinin. Accumulation of activated line cells in the central nervous system and thymus gland was observed.
Spontaneous increase of DNA turnover in murine systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Golan Dov T. , Borel Yves 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA synthesis and release was studied in unstimulated splenocytes of strains of mice known to develop spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐like disease and in non‐SLE age‐ and sex‐matched strains as well. Newly synthesized DNA was measured as total acid‐insoluble radioactive material present in cell pellet plus supernatant of unstimulated 0–72 h cell cultures [3H]thymidine‐pulsed, whereas DNA release was measured as amount of acid‐precipitable radioactivity found in supernatant of those cultures. In all strains known to develop spontaneous murine SLE the amount of newly synthesized DNA was 1.3–2.1‐fold increased when compared to normal strains studied concomitantly. Furthermore, a significant increase in DNA release into medium, unrelated to cell viability, was observed in those strains as well. These observations clearly demonstrate different metabolic rates of synthesis and release of DNA in murine SLE. This difference suggests the existance of an underlying mechanism responsible for extracellular DNA abundancy, which may be important for the formation of circulating DNA‐anti‐DNA immune complexes.
Interferons as macrophage‐activating factors. II. Enhanced secretion of interleukin 1 by lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated human monocytes
Authors: Arenzana‐Seisdedos Fernando , Virelizier Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman adherent monocytes were incubated with interferon (IFN) preparations, then washed and stimulated with endotoxins. The interleukin (IL1) activity in the supernatants of IFN‐treated monocyte cultures was found to be increased as compared to control (not pretreated) cultures. This phenomenon was observed whether α or β IFN was used, and was completely abolished by antiserum to the relevant IFN. IL1 secretion of IFN‐treated monocyte cultures could be triggered by suboptimal dosis of endotoxins, unable to induce any IL1 activity in control medium‐treated cultures. IFN was highly efficient in this system, since very low concentrations (of the order of 2 units) were effective. Since IFN alone, without endotoxin stimulation, was unable to induce IL1 secretion, the results indicate that IFN is able to activate monocytes, by inducing a potential secretory capacity rather than an ongoing IL1 secretion function. The ability of IFN to enhance the IL1 secretory potential of human monocytes may be relevant to the known immunoenhancing effects of IFN preparations and to the pyrogenic effects of IFN administration in patients.
Agglutination of murine and guinea pig peritoneal cells by α‐L‐fucose‐binding lectin: Evonymus europaea
Authors: Petryniak Jerzy , Duśa Danuta , Podwińska Jadwiga 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong lectins from Lotus tetragonolobus, Ulex europaeus I and Evonymus europaea, agglutinating cells with blood group H determinants containing L‐fucose α1→2‐linked to subterminal D‐galactose, only the last lectin agglutinates thioglycolate‐ and paraffin oil‐stimulated murine and guinea pig peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). The agglutination is inhibited by specific inhibitors of Evonymus lectin only: lacto‐N‐fucopentaose I and lactose. These results suggest the presence of a determinant on the surface of PEC, containing L‐fucose α1‐linked at the nonreducing end which is different from blood group H determinants. Nonstimulated murine peritoneal cells (PC) are not agglutinated by the lectin but become agglutinable after neuraminidase treatment. Unstimulated guinea pig PC from different animals are agglutinated to a different extent by the same lectin concentration and show increased agglutinability after neuraminidase digestion. These results show that receptor for Evonymus lectin also exists on the nonstimulated PC but access to it is hindered by sialic acid. Trypsin‐ and pronase‐digested PEC show increased agglutinability with Evonymus lectin. These results suggest that the lectin receptor is a glycolipid.Since α‐linked L‐fucose has been suggested as a part of the macrophage receptor for migration inhibitory factor in the guinea pig (Remold, J. Exp. Med. 1973. 138: 1065), the effect of Evonymus europaea lectin on the migration of PEC was studied. It was found that lectin inhibits the migration of PEC in the capillary tube assay up to 80%.
Role of human factor I and C3b receptor in the cleavage of surface‐bound C3bi molecules
Authors: Medicus Rudolf G. , Melamed Julian , Arnaout M. Amin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractControl of functions mediated by the third component of complement (C3) depends on the rate of generation and degradation of biologically active C3 fragments. To evaluate the mechanisms of degradation of active C3 fragments, the role of the control protein C3b/C4b inactivator (factor I) was investigated under conditions approximating those found in vivo, i.e. in the presence of plasma. The breakdown of human erythrocyte‐bound C3bi molecules in serum or plasma was mediated only by factor I, since factor I‐deficient or ‐depleted plasma was inactive until reconstituted with highly purified factor I. The rate of cleavage of C3bi bound to human erythrocytes by purified factor I was not affected by the presence or absence of β1H (factor H). The released breakdown product of C3bi has been shown to be C3c antigenically and on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Two different monospecific antibodies to the human C3b receptor totally abrogated factor I‐mediated cleavage of cell‐bound C3bi, suggesting that the C3b receptor (but not factor H) is required as an obligate cofactor. The rate of this C3b receptor‐dependent, factor I‐mediated cleavage of bound C3bi is strongly regulated by the surface to which C3bi is bound. Whereas C3bi bound to particulate nonactivators of the alternative complement pathway such as human erythrocytes is rapidly degraded by this mechanism, the rate of cleavage of C3bi bound to activators is significantly slower. These data suggest a physiologic role of C3b receptors in the degradation of biologically active C3 fragments deposited on host tissues. They also suggest that C3bi molecules on restricted surfaces are relatively stable and can thereby interact with complement C3 receptors in vivo.
Properties of human natural interferon‐producing cells stimulated by tumor cell lines
Authors: Rönnblomo Lars , Ramstedt Urban , Alm Gunnar V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes cocultured with WISH human amnion cells or K562 tumor cells rapidly produce interferon‐α (IFN). In the present report we characterize the IFN‐producing cells (IPC) in this system by cell separation procedures, including panning with different monoclonal antibodies. Two types of cells which were responsible for the IFN production could be identified. The first IPC was classified as monocyte/macrophage because it was present in plastic‐adherent cells and apparently carried the OKM1 antigenic marker. T and B lymphocytes were not involved in the IFN production. The second type of IPC was nylon wool‐nonadherent, sheep erythrocyte rosette‐negative, at least partly Fc receptor‐negative and resided in light Percoll density gradient fractions. The natural killer activity and IFN‐producing capacity was studied in such cells fractionated by the panning technique, utilizing HNK‐1, OKT10 and OKM1 antibodies. When WISH and K562 were used as IFN inducers, HNK‐1+ and OKT10+ cells with lytic activity against K562 produced little or no IFN. The IPC were instead confined to HNK‐1− and OKT10− cells. With cells fractionated with respect to the OKM1 antigen, natural killer activity against K562 and WISH cells and IFN production stimulated by K562 cells resided in the OKM1+ cells. In marked contrast, cells producing IFN in response to WISH cells were OKM1−.The results therefore demonstrate a dissociation between natural killer cells against tumor cells and IPC stimulated by the same targets, suggesting that for at least certain targets/inducers they may represent distinct entities.
Requirement for macrophages or for macrophage‐ or T cell‐derived factors in the mitogenic stimulation of murine B lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Corbel Catherine , Melchers Fritz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSplenic B cells from a variety of mouse strains could be depleted of accessory cells by removal of large cells through velocity sedimentation, followed by adherence to plastic and by passage over Sephadex G‐10. Such accessory cell removal abolished the reactivity of the splenic B cells to the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as measured by their capacity to polyclonally proliferate and mature to IgM‐secreting cells. Accessory cells from different sources, such as peritoneal exudate cells, irradiated spleen cells, cells of the macrophage line P388 D1 and macrophages from a single colony grown from bone marrow precursors in semi‐solid media in the presence of colony‐stimulating factor all reconstituted LPS reactivity of the accessory cell‐depleted B cells. Limiting dilutions of the cells of a single macrophage colony indicated that as little as 30 to 1000 macrophages can reconstitute the polyclonal response of 3 × 104 B cells to LPS. Not only activated macrophages, but also activated long‐term helper T cell lines and T cell hybridomas, produced supernatant factors which could also restore responsiveness of depleted B cells to LPS.
The cellular compartmentalization of macrophage‐associated nominal antigen: immunologically relevant macrophage‐associated antigen may not require an intracellular phase of macrophage handling
Authors: Malek Thomas R. , Clement Loran T. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that internalization and “processing” of the nominal antigen by antigen‐presenting cells may be a mandatory event in antigen handling prior to cell surface presentation of the immunologically relevant moiety to T lymphocytes. In previous functional and immunochemical analyses of macrophage (MΦ)‐associated nominal antigen, we obtained data strongly suggesting that an immunologically relevant pool of antigen was detectable on the surface of MΦ pulsed with a soluble protein antigen and then aged for 3–24 h. To provide further information about requisite events of MΦ antigen handling, we have attempted in this study to determine the origin of the nominal antigen associated with the surface of the pulsed‐aged cell using the terpolymer L‐glutamic acid, L‐lysine, L‐tyrosine (GLT) as the antigen. The surface‐bound GLT, after a 24‐h culture, appeared to be derived from GLT initially surface‐associated after the pulse. No evidence was obtained to support the notion that a significant quantity of GLT, initially internalized after the pulse exposure, was recompartmentalized to the cell surface. The turnover of cell‐surface GLT resembled the turnover of MΦ membrane proteins in general. These results, therefore, imply that the crucial events of MΦ antigen handling of GLT may entirely be a cell surface phenomenon.
Mitogenic effect of anti‐Friend leukemia virus antiserum on T cells
Authors: Senn Hans‐Peter , Papoian Ruben 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been previously reported that goat‐ and rat antisera directed against Friend leukemia virus (aFLV) are mitogenic for some B cells, but not for T cells. Here we report that activation of T cells by concanavalin A (Con A) rendered T cells responsive to the mitogenic activity of aFLV. This activity was contained in the immunoglobulin fraction and could be absorbed by purified FLV preparations. Optimal conditions for measuring the mitogenc activity of aFLV include 48 h preincubation of thymocytes with 3 μg/ml Con A followed by reculturing the activated thymocytes for 28 h with aFLV. The acquisition of an aFLV‐responsive state was dependent on early protein synthesis during the Con A‐induced activation period. aFLV did not substitute for interleukin 2 (IL2) in a costimulator assay. Evidence is presented that aFLV acted in a cocultivation assay via growth factor(s). In contrast to control cultures, aFLV‐treated lymphoblasts contained, in their supernatants, IL2 activity as demonstrated by their effect on an IL2‐dependent T cell line. The data suggest that aFLV acted upon activated T cells by enhancing the endogenous production and/or release of IL2.
Lack of a requirement for idiotype matching: T cells from mice which cannot produce idiotype support idiotype‐positive antibody response
Authors: Etlinger Howard M. , Heusser Christoph H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA requirement for idiotype matching was reported such that carrier‐primed T helper cells from mice, which are unable to produce an idiotype (idiotype‐negative) because of genetic reasons or adult anti‐idiotype or neonatal anti‐μ antibody treatment, did not provide helper function for an idiotype‐positive antibody response.We have analyzed the requirement for idiotype matching in the response to phosphorylcholine by using mice which are idiotype‐negative because they were injected with anti‐idiotype antibody shortly after birth. Carrier‐primed T cells from such animals supported idiotype‐positive responses when mixed with normal or primed B cell populations and challenged with appropriate antigen; these responses were quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those obtained with T cells from idiotype‐positive animals. These results demonstrate no requirement for idiotype matching and suggest that the procedure used to establish an idiotype‐negative T cell donor may be decisive in showing a requirement for idiotype matching.
Rheumatoid factors and secondary immune responses in the mouse I. Frequent occurrence of hybridomas secreting IgM anti‐IgG1autoantibodies after immunization with protein antigens
Authors: Van Snick Jacques , Coulie Pierre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe involvement of rheumatoid factor (RF)‐secreting cells in normal immune responses was examined by screening hybridomas derived from 129/Sv mice during primary and secondary immune responses against foreign proteins. No RF‐secreting cells were detected during primary responses, but up to 10% of the total number of clones obtained during secondary responses produced IgM with anti‐IgG activity. Like typical mouse RF, these anti‐IgG autoantibodies had a strict isotypic specificity, mostly for IgG1, and a much stronger avidity for immune complexes than for native IgG. The selective activation of IgG1‐specific RF during these secondary immune reactions was not due to fortuitous antigenic similarities between mouse IgG1and the antigens used for immunization, nor did it result from the use of adjuvants for priming, or from contamination of antigen preparations with lipopolysaccharide. It is therefore concluded that, in the 129/Sv mouse, RF production during secondary immune responses is a physiological phenomenon.
Rheumatoid factors and secondary immune responses in the mouse II. Incidence, kinetics and induction mechanisms
Authors: Coulie Pierre , Van Snick Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProduction of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) during secondary immune responses was studied in normal mouse strains by measuring RF synthesis in spleen cell cultures. A considerable, although transient, RF response was observed in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice immunized and i. v. boosted with various protein antigens and with sheep erythrocytes. With most antigens, RF production equalled or exceeded that of antigen‐specific IgM, but it peaked and subsided earlier. No RF production was detected when either priming or boosting was omitted. The isotypic specificity of RF depended upon the antigens used for immunization: all proteins tested stimulated the synthesis of RF specific for IgG1, whereas sheep erythrocytes induced both IgG1‐ and IgG2a‐specific RF. Reconstitution experiments of irradiated naïve C57BL/6 mice with various combinations of syngeneic antibody against human transferrin and primed or unprimed spleen cells indicated that important RF responses could be induced only when antigen was injected into mice that had received both antibody and immune spleen cells.
The occurrence of defined idiotypes on autoantibodies to mouse thyroglobulin
Authors: Male David , Pryce Gareth , Quartey‐Papafio Ruby , Roitt Ivan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐idiotypic antibodies were raised in rabbits to three monoclonal mouse autoantithyroglobulins. Of the idiotypes recognized, one was unique to that monoclonal, while the other two showed evidence of sharing idiotopes with other monoclonal anti‐thyroglobulin (TG) idiotypes, the IgM idiotype in particular being found on nearly half of the hybridomas studied. Two of the idiotypes could be detected in the sera of mice with experimental allergic thyroiditis (EAT), but they constituted only a very small percentage of the total anti‐TG present. In spite of its low levels in EAT mice the D8 idiotype could be induced by injection of anti‐idiotype and TG and in this case it constituted up to 20% of the anti‐TG activity in individual mice, showing a strain‐related association between the idiotype and autoanti‐TG.
Syngeneic sensitization of mouse lymphocytes on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells V. The primary syngeneic sensitization is under I‐A subregion control
Authors: Salamero Jean , Charreire Jeannine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe genetic control of in vitro primary syngeneic sensitization on monolayers of thyroid epithelial cells was investigated both at the level of the responder lymphocytes and that of stimulator thyroid epithelial cells using congenic resistant strains of mice. It clearly appears that similar to the in vivo model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis induced by thyroglobulin and complete Freund's adjuvant, the optimal stimulation is found when compatibility between thyroid epithelial cells and responder lymphocytes occurs at the I‐A subregion.
Demonstration of a concanavalin A‐induced lymphokine enhancing arginase activity. Effect of presensitization by a skin allograft
Authors: Schneider Elke , Dy Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn response to concanavalin A (Con A) mouse spleen cells produce increased amounts of urea. This increase results from arginase activity degrading arginine into urea and ornithine. It is mediated by a soluble protein factor, characterized by its heat stability (10 min at 80°C) and a molecular weight of approximately 32000. The factor is produced by T cells and acts on a cell population mainly present in bone marrow and spleen. Splenocytes collected from skin allograft recipients during rejection produce more urea in response to Con A than those obtained from normal or syngeneically grafted mice. The maximum urea increase is observed just before and maintained during rejection, declining rapidly thereafter. This phenomenon is explained (a) by a 10–15‐fold increase in arginase‐enhancing factor production by Con A‐stimulated allograft recipient spleen cells and (b) by an increased responsiveness of these splenocytes to the lymphokine.