bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of phosphate ions with a chemically modified chitosan/metal‐ion complex
Authors: Shimizu Yoshiaki , Nakamura Satoshi , Saito Yoshihiro , Nakamura Takeo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe adsorption of metal ions (Mo6+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+) was examined on chemically modified chitosans with a higher fatty acid glycidyl (CGCs), and the adsorption of Cu2+ was examined on ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride modified CGCs (EDTA‐CGCs) synthesized by the reaction of the CGCs with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dianhydride. The adsorption of phosphate ions onto the resulting substrate/metal‐ion complex was measured. Mo6+ depicted remarkable adsorption toward the CGCs, although all the Mo6+ was desorbed under the adsorption conditions of the phosphate ions. The other metal ions were adsorbed to some extent on CGCs by chelating to the amino group in the substrate, except for CGC‐1, which had the highest degree of substitution (83.9%). Considerable amounts of Fe2+ were adsorbed onto CGCs; however, only a limited number of phosphate ions was adsorbed onto the substrate/metal‐ion complex. As a result, the following adsorbent/metal‐ion complexes gave higher adsorption ability toward phosphate ions: CGC‐4/Cu2+, CGC‐4/Fe3+, and EDTA‐CGC‐3/Fe3+. Where, CGC‐3 is a chemically modified chitosan with the degree of substitution of 26.5 percentage, and CGC‐4 is one with the degree of substitution of 16.0 percentage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of laser irradiation on polyester textile properties
Authors: Kan C. W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractModifications in textile properties of polyester because of laser irradiation were studied. Properties included fabric weight, fiber diameter, tensile strength and elongation, yarn abrasion, bending, surface luster, wetting, air permeability as well as crystallinity. Some properties were affected significantly while others were found unchanged. Besides, some properties were positively affected and some were adversely changed. Generally speaking, laser irradiation could not affect the bulk property of polymer because of its low penetration depth, and hence, the effect of the laser irradiation on the bulk and structural properties was limited. However, the performance and comfort properties of the laser irradiated polyester could be largely affected by laser irradiation as these properties could have been changed considerably if the surface was modified. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Association study of ABCB1 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms with sirolimus trough concentration and dose requirements in Chinese renal transplant recipients
Authors: Miao Li‐Yan , Huang Chen‐Rong , Hou Jian‐Quan , Qian Mei‐Ying 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the possible association of the ABCB1 gene C3435 T polymorphism and the CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism with sirolimus (SRL) trough concentration and dose requirements in Chinese stable renal transplant recipients. Blood samples were collected from 105 healthy volunteers and 50 renal transplant patients, whose polymorphisms of the ABCB1 and CYP3A5 genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Plasma concentrations of SRL were determined with HPLC. The allele frequencies of the ABCB1 mutation in Chinese healthy volunteers and renal transplant recipients were 51.0% and 44.0% (p>0.05), while the allele frequencies of the CYP3A5 mutation were 72.9% and 71.0% (p>0.05). The SRL concentration/dose ratio (C/D) in patients with CYP3A5*3/*3 were significantly higher than that of those with*1 allele (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between C/D and ABCB1 SNPs (p>0.05). These results confirm that when treated with a SRL‐based therapy and low‐dose steroids, patients carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele required significantly more SRL to achieve adequate blood trough concentrations. In patients with SRL‐based therapy, genotyping of the CYP3A5 genes may help to optimize the SRL management in renal transplant recipients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of atorvastatin on the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of verapamil in rats
Authors: Choi Dong‐Hyun , Chang Kyong‐Sig , Hong Soon‐Pyo , Choi Jun‐Shik , Han Hyo‐Kyung 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of verapamil in rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil were measured after an oral (9 mg/kg) or intravenous (3 mg/kg) administration of verapamil to rats in the presence and absence of atorvastatin. Compared with the control given verapamil alone, the concurrent use of 1.5 mg/kg of atorvastatin significantly increased the oral exposure of verapamil in rats. The AUC and Cmax of verapamil increased by 70% and 61%, respectively in the presence of atorvastatin (1.5 mg/kg), while there was no significant change in Tmax and the terminal plasma half‐life (T1/2) of verapamil. Accordingly, the presence of atorvastatin significantly (p<0.05) increased the bioavailability of verapamil in rats. In contrast, atorvastatin had no effect on any pharmacokinetic parameters of verapamil given intravenously, implying that atorvastatin may improve the oral bioavailability of verapamil by reducing the prehepatic extraction of verapamil most likely mediated by P‐gp and/or CYP3A4. In conclusion, coadministration of atorvastatin significantly enhanced the oral exposure of verapamil in rats without a change in the systemic clearance of intravenous verapamil, suggesting a potential drug interaction between verapamil and atorvastatin via the modulation of prehepatic extraction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New method for the simultaneous estimation of intrinsic hepatic clearance and protein binding by matrix inhibition
Authors: Uchimura Takahide , Kato Motohiro , Tachibana Tatsuhiko , Arai Shinichi , Nabuchi Yoshiaki , Saito Kimitoshi , Kinoshita Haruki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a method for estimating the hepatic clearance (CLh) without using a protein binding test. This method allows the simultaneous evaluation of the intrinsic hepatic clearance (CLint) with a correction for microsomal binding, and the free fraction in the serum (fu). It uses the decrease in metabolic velocity achieved by decreasing the free fraction of a compound in the incubation mixture (fuinc) by the addition of serum, and by changing the microsomal protein concentration. This method is denoted as the ‘matrix inhibition method’, because it uses the inhibition of the metabolic velocity by the incubation matrix. The metabolic rates of eight compounds (diazepam, imipramine, warfarin, and compounds A–E) were evaluated under several incubation conditions using rat serum and microsomes. The correlation ofCLintevaluated using the method and using equilibrium dialysis after theCLintwas corrected for microsomal binding wasr = 0.968. The correlation offu · CLintwasr = 0.996. Although the method required a high enoughfuandfumicrosomesdifference among the reaction conditions for each compound, it could evaluateCLintandfusimultaneously and easily by adding additional reaction conditions to the metabolic stability tests performed in ADME screening. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and human pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotoxine metabolites in man: preliminary results
Authors: Bicalho Beatriz , Giolo Juliana Marconi , Lilla Sergio , De Nucci Gilberto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDihydroergotoxine is a mixture of semi‐synthetic ergot alkaloids mainly used for age‐related cognitive impairment. In this study, dihydroergotoxine (30 µM) was added to incubates of rat and bovine liver microsomes, and the resulting major metabolites were identified as hydroxy‐dihydroergocornine, hydroxy‐dihydroergocryptine and hydroxy‐dihydroergocristine on the basis of molecular mass measurements, determined with a time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The relevance of these to humans was then investigated by simultaneously monitoring dihydroergotoxine and its hydroxy‐metabolites in human plasma by LC‐MS/MS after oral dosing of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (27 mg) to a healthy volunteer (male, age 45, height 1.93 m, weight 103 kg). In this preliminary approach, the peaks (Cmax) of dihydroergocornine, dihydroergocryptine and dihydroergocristine were about 0.04 µg/l. The peaks (Cmax) of their hydroxy‐metabolites were 0.98, 0.53 and 0.30 µg/l, respectively. In conclusion, in this preliminary approach it was found that hydroxy‐dihydroergocornine, hydroxy‐dihydroergocryptine and hydroxy‐dihydroergocristine were one order of magnitude higher in concentration than their parents in human plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c[D‐pro‐Pro‐D‐pro‐N‐methyl‐Ala] adopts a rigid conformation that serves as a scaffold to mimic reverse‐turns
Authors: Arbor Sage , Kao Jeff , Wu Yun , Marshall Garland R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNaturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptides (CTPs) such as tentoxin (Halloin et al., Plant Physiol 1970, 45, 310–314; Saad, Phytopathology 1970, 60, 415–418), ampicidin (Darkin‐Rattray, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93, 13143–13147), HC‐toxin (Walton, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84, 8444–8447), and trapoxin (Yoshida and Sugita, Jpn J Cancer Res 1992, 83, 324–328; Itazaki et al., J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1990, 43, 1524–1532) have a wide range of biological activity and potential use ranging from herbicides (Walton, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987, 84, 8444–8447; Judson, J Agric Food Chem 1987, 35, 451–456) to therapeutics (Loiseau, Biopolymers 2003, 69, 363–385) for malaria (Darkin‐Rattray, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93, 13143–13147) and cancer (Yoshida and Sugita, Jpn J Cancer Res 1992, 83, 324–328). To elucidate scaffolds that have few low‐energy conformations and could serve as semirigid reverse‐turn mimetics, the flexibility of CTPs was determined computationally. Four analogs of cyclic tetraproline c[Pro‐pro‐Pro‐pro] with alternating L‐ and D‐prolines, namely c[pro‐Pro‐pro‐NMe‐Ala], c[pip‐Pro‐pip‐Pro], c[pro‐Pip‐pro‐Pro], and c[Ala‐Pro‐pip‐Pro] were synthesized and characterized by NOESY NMR. Both molecular mechanics and Density Functional Theory quantum calculations found these head‐to‐tail CTPs to be constrained to one or two relatively stable conformations. NMR structures, while not always yielding the same lowest energy conformation as expected by in silico predictions, confirmed only one or two highly populated solution conformations for all four peptides examined. c[pro‐Pro‐pro‐NMe‐Ala] was shown to have a single all trans‐amide bond conformation from both in silico predictions and NMR characterization, and to be a reverse‐turn mimetic by overlapping four Cα‐Cβ bonds with those for ∼6.5% (Tran, J Comput Aided Mol Des 2005, 19, 551–566) of reverse‐turns in the Protein Data Bank PDB with a RMSD of 0.57 Å. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 384–393, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Glowacki Julie , Mizuno Shuichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere are two major approaches to tissue engineering for regeneration of tissues and organs. One involves cell‐free materials and/or factors and one involves delivering cells to contribute to the regeneraion process. Of the many scaffold materials being investigated, collagen type I, with selective removal of its telopeptides, has been shown to have many advantageous features for both of these approaches. Highly porous collagen lattice sponges have been used to support in vitro growth of many types of tissues. Use of bioreactors to control in vitro perfusion of medium and to apply hydrostatic fluid pressure has been shown to enhance histogenesis in collagen scaffolds. Collagen sponges have also been developed to contain differentiating‐inducing materials like demineralized bone to stimulate differentiation of cartilage tissue both in vitro and in vivo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 338–344, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Kinetics of thermal aggregation of glycogen phosphorylase b from rabbit skeletal muscle: Mechanism of protective action of α‐crystallin
Authors: Meremyanin Alexey V. , Eronina Tatyana B. , Chebotareva Natalia A. , Kurganov Boris I. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of thermal aggregation of glycogen phosphorylase b (Phb) from rabbit skeletal muscle have been studied by dynamic light scattering (0.08M Hepes, pH 6.8, containing 0.1M NaCl; 48°C). The hydrodynamic radius of the start aggregates determined from the initial linear parts of the dependences of the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) on time was found to be 16.7 ± 1.0 nm. At rather high values of time, the Rh value for the protein aggregates becomes proportional to t1/1.8 = t0.56 suggesting that the aggregation process proceeds in the regime of diffusion‐limited cluster–cluster aggregation. In the presence of α‐crystallin, a protein possessing the chaperone‐like activity, the process of protein aggregation switches to the regime of reaction‐limited cluster–cluster aggregation as indicated by the exponential dependence of the Rh value on time. It was shown that the addition of α‐crystallin raises the rate of thermal inactivation of Phb. These data in combination with the results of the study of interaction of Phb with α‐crystallin by analytical ultracentrifugation suggest that α‐crystallin interacts with the intermediates of unfolding of the Phb molecule. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 124–134, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Technique of semiautomatic surface reconstruction of the visible Korean human data using commercial software
Authors: Park Jin Seo , Shin Dong Sun , Chung Min Suk , Hwang Sung Bae , Chung Jinoh 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article describes the technique of semiautomatic surface reconstruction of anatomic structures using widely available commercial software. This technique would enable researchers to promptly and objectively perform surface reconstruction, creating three‐dimensional anatomic images without any assistance from computer engineers. To develop the technique, we used data from the Visible Korean Human project, which produced digitalized photographic serial images of an entire cadaver. We selected 114 anatomic structures (skin [1], bones [32], knee joint structures [7], muscles [60], arteries [7], and nerves [7]) from the 976 anatomic images which were generated from the left lower limb of the cadaver. Using Adobe Photoshop, the selected anatomic structures in each serial image were outlined, creating a segmented image. The Photoshop files were then converted into Adobe Illustrator files to prepare isolated segmented images, so that the contours of the structure could be viewed independent of the surrounding anatomy. Using Alias Maya, these isolated segmented images were then stacked to construct a contour image. Gaps between the contour lines were filled with surfaces, and three‐dimensional surface reconstruction could be visualized with Rhinoceros. Surface imperfections were then corrected to complete the three‐dimensional images in Alias Maya. We believe that the three‐dimensional anatomic images created by these methods will have widespread application in both medical education and research. Clin. Anat. 20:871–879, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Jacobus Sylvius (1478–1555): Physician, teacher, and anatomist
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Linganna Sanjay , Loukas Marios 
Published: October 2007

AbstractJacques Dubois (1478–1555), better known by his Latin cognomen Jacobus Sylvius was one of the great anatomists and teachers of the Renaissance period. His legacy today, however, is marred by his feud with pupil Andreas Vesalius. The story of Sylvius's life provides the modern clinical anatomist with valuable lessons regarding the nature of orthodoxy, conflict, and the evolving nature of “truth.” Clin. Anat. 20:868–870, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D morphometry of the transverse and alar ligaments in the occipito–atlanto–axial complex: An in vitro analysis
Authors: Cattrysse E. , Barbero M. , Kool P. , Gagey O. , Clarys J.P. , Van Roy P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study verifies the three‐dimensional anatomical features of the transverse and alar ligaments with reference to the axis using a direct in vitro approach. In 20 fresh spine specimens, metal markers were inserted on the cranium, atlas, and axis. After registration of the intact specimen, the bony segments were separated, and markers and anatomical landmarks were digitized. The length and the orientation of the ligaments with reference to the axis were derived from the relative position data. The transverse ligaments of the atlas have a mean estimated length of 21 mm and an absolute angle (i.e., independent of any reference frame) of 119° ± 17°. The alar ligaments have a mean length of 9 ± 2.5 mm, and the mean absolute angle between the ligaments is 117° ± 31°. The plane of the alar ligaments shows a mean backward inclination of −10° ± 52°. This plane has a mean inclination of 6° ± 4° with reference to the sagittal plane indicating left–right symmetries. The transverse ligament arches around the dens and demonstrating its function as a stabilizer for the dens as well as guidance for axial rotation movements. A posterior inclination of the alar ligaments may induce a coupled extension in combination with a lateral bending during axial rotation. These detailed aspects of motion steering may be important to consider when attempting to reduce or restore movement. Clin. Anat. 20:892–898, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Study of Calix[6]cryptamides: A New Class of Heteroditopic Receptors that Display Versatile Host–Guest Properties Toward Neutral Species and Organic Associated Ion‐Pair Salts
Authors: Le Gac Stéphane , Jabin Ivan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of a new family of molecular receptors, namely the calix[6]cryptamides, was achieved through an original [1+1] macrocyclization step that consists of a peptide‐coupling reaction between tripodal triscarboxylic acids and a calix[6]trisamine subunit. SeveralC3‐ orC3v‐symmetrical calix[6]arene‐based compounds capped by a trisamido cryptand unit on the narrow rim have been obtained, with the more flexible partners leading to the best yields. These calix[6]cryptamides exhibit two favorably positioned binding sites for the complexation of organic‐associated ion pairs in close proximity: a well‐defined calix[6]arene cavity suitable for the inclusion of ammonium ions and a cryptamide unit for the coordination of anions. We demonstrate one example, chiral calix[6]cryptamide12, that constitutes a heteroditopic receptor capable of cooperatively binding both a primary ammonium ion and its chloride counterion, thanks to a combination of polarization and induced‐fit effects. In addition, the hydrophobic calixarene cavity of12can strongly bind neutral guests through hydrogen bonding and is capable of discriminating between different enantiomers. All these versatile host–guest properties differ greatly from those observed in the parent calix[6]azacryptands.
Processing Energy and Signals by Molecular and Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Balzani Vincenzo , Credi Alberto , Venturi Margherita 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAny kind of device or machine requires a substrate, energy, and information signals. If we wish to operate at the nanometer scale, we must use molecules as substrates. Energy‐ and signal‐processing at a molecular level relies on cause/effect relationships between the input supplied and the kind of process obtained. We have classified energy‐ and signal‐processing at the molecular level according to the nature of the input (electronic, photonic, or chemical) and the nature of the obtained effect (electronic, photonic, or chemical process that follows). By coupling the three kinds of inputs with the three types of resulting processes, nine types of molecular‐based processes (electronic, photonic, chemionic, electrophotonic, electrochemionic, photoelectronic, photochemionic, chemiophotonic, and chemioelectronic) can be identified. In this concept article, looking at molecular transformations in an unconventional way, we have tried to give a flavor of some of the new features that project the old science of chemistry towards novel achievements.
The First Homochiral Diamond‐Like Coordination Polymer Containing Cubane Cluster (Cu4I4) as Connecting Node and Cinchonine as Donor‐Acceptor (or Push‐Pull Electronic Effect) Building Block
Authors: WANG Guo‐Xi , XIONG Ren‐Gen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe reaction of CuI with cinchonine (an organic donor‐acceptor chromophore) afforded a homochiral 3D diamondoid network [Cu4I4(cinchonine)2]n (1) containing a cubane cluster (Cu4I4) as a connecting node. This is the first homochiral coordination polymer with diamondoid nets containing a cluster as a connecting note. Its thermal stability and solid state optical properties such as fluorescence, circular dichroism and second‐harmonic generation response were also reported.
A Facile Synthesis of Indole‐based Conjugated Derivatives
Authors: LI Qian‐Qian , ZHU Zhi‐Chao , LI Zhen , QIN Jin‐Gui 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA novel synthetic method was developed for the preparation of indole‐based conjugated derivatives with satisfied yields. By applying this strategy, a series of new compounds were prepared conveniently. All the obtained new indole derivatives were characterized by spectroscopic analyses, giving satisfactory data corresponding to their expected molecular structures.
Hydrogen Bonded Semi‐Rigidified Bispyridyl‐Incorporating Aryl Amide Oligomers: Efficient "C"‐Styled Receptors for Aliphatic Ammoniums, a Remarkable Protonation Effect and Chiral Induction
Authors: LI Chang‐Zhi , LI Zhan‐Ting , GAO Xiang , WANG Quan‐Rui 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe complexing behaviour of two linear compounds 1 and 2 toward the trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) salts of n‐dodecylamine, di‐n‐octylamine, n‐dodecyl D‐ and L‐phenylalaninates (3, 4, and D‐ and L‐5) in chloroform has been described. Compounds 1 and 2 consist of two folded amide moieties with two pyridyls at the terminals which are connected directly or with an acetylene linker. The rigidified folded moieties are stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding, while the whole molecules can adopt an "S"‐ or a "C"‐styled conformation depending on the relative orientation of the two rigidified moieties. 1H NMR, UV‐Vis, fluorescent and circular dichroism investigations revealed that 1 and 2 could bind primary and secondary ammonium cations with their "C"‐styled conformation. In the presence of 1 equiv. of TFA, the binding stability was increased significantly as a result of promoted formation of the "C"‐styled conformation due to the monoprotonation of the peripheral pyridyl units in 1 and 2. In contrast, the addition of 2 equiv. of TFA substantially weakened the binding stability because the "S"‐styled conformation was favored as a result of protonation of both of their pyridyl units. Moreover, remarkable induced circular dichroisms were also displayed for the complexes of 1 and 2 with chiral D‐ and L‐5.