bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the effects and potencies of perchlorate and nitrate on amphibian metamorphosis using a modified amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA)
Authors: Fort Douglas J. , Peake Brittanie F. , Mathis Michael B. , Leopold M. Annegaaike , Wolf Jeffrey C. , Weterings Peter J. J. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA modified amphibian metamorphosis assay was performed in which Nieuwkoop and Faber (NF) stage 47 Xenopus laevis larvae were exposed to different concentrations of either perchlorate (ClO4−) or nitrate (NO3−) for 32 days. Larvae were exposed to 0.0 (control), 5, 25, 125, 625, and 3125 μg/L ClO4−, or 0 (control), 23, 71, 217, 660, and 2000 mg/L NO3−. The primary endpoints were survival, hind limb length (HLL), forelimb emergence and development, developmental stage (including time to NF stage 62 [MT62]), thyroid histopathology, wet weight, and snout‐vent length (SVL). Developmental delay as evidenced by altered stage distribution and increased MT62, a higher degree of thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy, and an increase in the prevalence of follicular cell hyperplasia was observed at concentrations ≥125 μg/L ClO4−. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) for developmental endpoints was 25.0 μg/L ClO4− and the NOEC for growth endpoints was 3125 μg/L ClO4−. Exposure to nitrate did not adversely affect MT62, but a decreasing trend in stage distribution and median developmental stage at ≥217 mg/L NO3− was observed. No histopathologic effects associated with nitrate exposure were observed. An increasing trend in SVL‐normalized HLL was observed at 2000 mg/L NO3−. Nitrate did not alter larval growth. The NOEC for developmental endpoints was 71 mg/L NO3−, and 2000 mg/L NO3− for growth endpoints. The present study provided additional evidence that the effects and potency of nitrate and perchlorate on metamorphosis and growth in X. laevis are considerably different.
Effect of Hepatic Impairment on Trilaciclib Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Li Chao , Preston Richard A. , Dumas Emily , Beelen Andrew , Marbury Thomas C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrilaciclib is a first‐in‐class, intravenous cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor approved for reducing the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression in adult patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer receiving a platinum/etoposide‐containing or topotecan‐containing regimen. No dose adjustment is recommended for participants with mild hepatic impairment (HI) based on previous population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. This open‐label, parallel‐group study examined the impact of moderate and severe HI on the PK of trilaciclib. The study employed a reduced study design. Participants with moderate (Child–Pugh B, n = 8) and severe (Child–Pugh C, n = 5) HI and matched healthy controls (n = 11) received a single intravenous dose of trilaciclib 100 mg/m2. The unbound fraction of trilaciclib was comparable between the HI groups and the matched healthy control group. The unbound trilaciclib extent of exposure (i.e., area under the concentration‐time curve) in participants with moderate and severe HI was ∼40% and ∼60% higher, respectively, compared with healthy matched controls based on Child–Pugh classification. Ad hoc analysis using National Cancer Institute classification showed similar results. The US Food and Drug Administration‐approved trilaciclib dose of 240 mg/m2 should be reduced by ∼30%, to 170 mg/m2, for patients with moderate or severe HI.
Cell‐based tissue engineered flexor tendon allograft: A canine in vivo study
Authors: Lin Subin , Reisdorf Ramona , Lu Chun Kuan , Wang Zhanwen , An Kai‐Nan , Moran Steven L. , Amadio Peter C. , Zhao Chunfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the clinically established autologous extrasynovial tendon graft to a newly developed tissue‐engineered allograft (Eng‐allograft) in terms of functional outcomes following flexor tendon reconstruction in a canine model. The second and fifth flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons from 16 dogs were transected and repaired in Zone II. After 6 weeks of cage activity, the repaired tendons were intentionally ruptured, creating a clinically relevant model for reconstruction. The re‐ruptured FDP tendons were then reconstructed using either the clinically standard autologous extrasynovial tendon graft or the Eng‐allograft, which had been revitalized with autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and synovialized using carbodiimide derivatized synovial fluid (cd‐SYN). Following 12 weeks of postoperative rehabilitation, the functional outcomes of the surgical digits were evaluated. The Eng‐allograft group exhibited improved digital function, including lower digit work of flexion and reduced adhesion status, while maintaining similar tendon gliding resistance compared to the autograft group. However, the failure load of both the distal and proximal host/graft conjunctions in the Eng‐allograft group was significantly lower than that of the autograft group with higher graft rupture at the host−graft junction. In conclusion, the decellularized allogenic intrasynovial tendon, when revitalized BMSCs and synovialized with cd‐SYN, demonstrates positive effects on digital function improvement and adhesion reduction. However, the healing at both proximal and distal graft/host junctions is far lower than the autograft. Further research is needed to enhance the healing capacity of allograft conjunctions, aiming to achieve a comparable level of healing seen with autografts.
Value of the monocyte‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in refining the detection of prevalent heart failure: Insights from the NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Wang Letian , Liu Yang , Shi Wenrui , Liu Xu , Qin Mu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe monocyte‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a novel marker that can help estimate the degree of atherosclerosis by considering inflammation and lipid abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the association between the MHR and prevalent heart failure (HF) and to explore the value of the MHR in detecting prevalent HF in the general US population. Our study included 25,374 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018). Among the participants, 749 (2.95%) reported a history of HF, and the HF group had a significantly higher MHR than the non‐HF group. Adjusted analyses revealed that each standard deviation increase in the MHR was associated with a 27.8% increase in the risk of HF. The association between the MHR and prevalent HF was linear across the entire MHR range. Adding the MHR to conventional cardiovascular risk factors significantly improved the area under the curve (0.875; p < 0.001), continuous net reclassification index (0.187; p < 0.001), and integrated discrimination index (0.004; p < 0.001). Our study suggests a potential association between the MHR and HF risk, and the findings enhance HF risk stratification and provide novel insights into the interplay between the coronary atherosclerotic burden and HF in clinical settings.
Erratum to “A footnote to a theorem of Kawamata”
Authors: Fujino Osamu , Lopes Margarida Mendes , Pardini Rita , Tirabassi Sofia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe give an alternative proof of Theorem A in the paper: Mendes Lopes, Pardini, Tirabassi, A footnote to a theorem of Kawamata. We also explain how to fill a gap in the original proof.
Precise prediction of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta protein for early Alzheimer's disease detection using multimodal data
Authors: Sun Jingnan , Xie Zengmai , Sun Yike , Shen Anruo , Li Renren , Yuan Xiao , Lu Bai , Li Yunxia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a neurodegenerative disorder marked by a progressive decline in cognitive function and memory capacity. The accurate diagnosis of this condition predominantly relies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, notwithstanding the associated burdens of pain and substantial financial costs endured by patients. This study encompasses subjects exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive impairment, encompassing individuals with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia, constituting a total sample size of 82 participants. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the relationships among brain atrophy measurements derived from magnetic resonance imaging, atypical electroencephalography (EEG) patterns, behavioral assessment scales, and amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) indicators. The findings of this research reveal that individuals displaying reduced Aβ1‐42/Aβ‐40 levels exhibit significant atrophy in the frontotemporal lobe, alongside irregularities in various parameters related to EEG frequency characteristics, signal complexity, inter‐regional information exchange, and microstates. The study additionally endeavors to estimate Aβ1‐42/Aβ‐40 content through the application of a random forest algorithm, amalgamating structural data, electrophysiological features, and clinical scales, achieving a remarkable predictive precision of 91.6%. In summary, this study proposes a cost‐effective methodology for acquiring CSF markers, thereby offering a valuable tool for the early detection of AD.
Association of Ultraprocessed Food Consumption with Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank
Authors: Li Yue , Lai Yuwei , Geng Tingting , Xia Peng‐Fei , Chen Jun‐Xiang , Tu Zhou‐Zheng , Yang Kun , Liao Yun‐Fei , Liu Gang , Pan An 
Published: April 2024

ScopeAmong patients with diabetes, who have modified nutritional behavior and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the influence of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) on CVD remains unknown. The study aims to evaluate the association between UPF intake and the risk of CVD among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and further examine the potential biological pathways linking the association.Methods and resultsThis study includes 5405 participants with T2D who provided at least one 24‐h dietary recall from the UK Biobank study. In the fully adjusted models, a 10% increase in the proportion of UPFs is associated with higher hazards of overall CVD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 1.15), coronary heart disease (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.16), heart failure (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25), but not stroke (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.12). Cystatin C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), apolipoprotein A, C‐reactive protein, and body mass index collectively explain 26.9% (12.8%, 48.5%) of the association between UPF intake and the risk of overall CVD.ConclusionHigher UPF intakes are associated with increased hazards of CVD among individuals with T2D, and the association is partly mediated through worsening biomarkers of renal function, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and body weight.
Evaluating the relationship between magnetic resonance image quality metrics and deep learning‐based segmentation accuracy of brain tumors
Authors: Muthusivarajan Rajarajeswari , Celaya Adrian , Yung Joshua P. , Long James P. , Viswanath Satish E. , Marcus Daniel S. , Chung Caroline , Fuentes David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are known to suffer from a variety of acquisition artifacts as well as equipment‐based variations that impact image appearance and segmentation performance. It is still unclear whether a direct relationship exists between magnetic resonance (MR) image quality metrics (IQMs) (e.g., signal‐to‐noise, contrast‐to‐noise) and segmentation accuracy.PurposeDeep learning (DL) approaches have shown significant promise for automated segmentation of brain tumors on MRI but depend on the quality of input training images. We sought to evaluate the relationship between IQMs of input training images and DL‐based brain tumor segmentation accuracy toward developing more generalizable models for multi‐institutional data.MethodsWe trained a 3D DenseNet model on the BraTS 2020 cohorts for segmentation of tumor subregions enhancing tumor (ET), peritumoral edematous, and necrotic and non‐ET on MRI; with performance quantified via a 5‐fold cross‐validated Dice coefficient. MRI scans were evaluated through the open‐source quality control tool MRQy, to yield 13 IQMs per scan. The Pearson correlation coefficient was computed between whole tumor (WT) dice values and IQM measures in the training cohorts to identify quality measures most correlated with segmentation performance. Each selected IQM was used to group MRI scans as “better” quality (BQ) or “worse” quality (WQ), via relative thresholding. Segmentation performance was re‐evaluated for the DenseNet model when (i) training on BQ MRI images with validation on WQ images, as well as (ii) training on WQ images, and validation on BQ images. Trends were further validated on independent test sets derived from the BraTS 2021 training cohorts.ResultsFor this study, multimodal MRI scans from the BraTS 2020 training cohorts were used to train the segmentation model and validated on independent test sets derived from the BraTS 2021 cohort. Among the selected IQMs, models trained on BQ images based on inhomogeneity measurements (coefficient of variance, coefficient of joint variation, coefficient of variation of the foreground patch) and the models trained on WQ images based on noise measurement peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) yielded significantly improved tumor segmentation accuracy compared to their inverse models.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a significant correlation may exist between specific MR IQMs and DenseNet‐based brain tumor segmentation performance. The selection of MRI scans for model training based on IQMs may yield more accurate and generalizable models in unseen validation.
Development of chitosan by using a zeolite‐supported CaO derived from waste chicken eggshell to remove Acid Red 1 dye from the aqueous solution
Authors: Katowah Dina F. , Alzahrani Hanan K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZSM‐5 zeolite modified with acetic acid eggshell and chitosan was impregnated in three distinct proportions. As nanocomposites (NCs), the purpose of the composites was to adsorb Acid Red 1 dye (AR‐1) from an aqueous solution. The characterization of chitosan@CaO/zeolite NCs included (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1, (CHT)1.5@(CaO/ZT)1, and (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1.5, as determined by FTIR, XRD, EDX, BET, TGA, and UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy. In a bulk system, the adsorption of the AR‐1 dye onto (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1.5 was analyzed in terms of solution temperature, pH, contact time, and NCs dosage. The most favorable parameters for achieving efficient dye adsorption were: a pH of 2, an adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/25 mL of dye solution, and 20 mg/L of dye concentration at 22°C temperature. The reaction reached equilibrium after 120 min. The estimated adsorption efficiency of the AR‐1 dye by the prepared NCs is 99.70%. The mechanism by which the dye was sequestered onto (CHT)1@(CaO/ZT)1.5 was exothermic. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the pseudo‐second‐order adsorption kinetic model held true at different temperatures with a value of 0.99, indicating that the model accurately described the chemical interaction between the adsorbent and Acid Red (AR‐1). Adsorption processes are characterized as exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous when the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) changes have negative values, respectively. It was determined that the Langmuir model best described the isotherm behavior of AR‐1 dye adsorption onto (CHT)1@ (CaO/ZT)1.5. Under ideal conditions, the surface was found to be homogeneous and had a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 84.03 mg/g.
Microencapsulation of ADN with HTPB‐based membrane in the presence of the bonding agents Tepan or Tepanol**
Authors: Silva Jessica O. , Cardoso Kamila P. , Diniz Milton F. , Nagamachi Márcio Y. , Ferrão Luiz F. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmmonium dinitramide (ADN) has appeared as a promising oxidizer for green propellants and thereby a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate, largely in use in composite propellants for tactical and strategic long‐range missiles. The novelty lies in replacing ammonium perchlorate with a chlorine‐free oxidizer less harmful to the health and environment. However, ADN is hygroscopic and can potentially react with other chemical components, which could be overcome by microencapsulating the particles. The simple coacervation method was tested herein to microencapsulate ADN with a membrane made of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene as pre‐polymer and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as the curing agent. The effect of polyamine bonding agents on the capsule formation was tested by adding 0.5 or 2 % of Tepan or Tepanol, whose efficacy to bond to ADN was confirmed by detecting ammonia release through infrared spectroscopy. The capsule membrane was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution time and rate were the parameters adopted to quantify permeability in a straight dissolution test in water, which demonstrated that 0.5 % Tepanol can provide the most effective protection. The infrared spectroscopy indicated that 60 °C temperature for prolonged periods, normally experienced by propellants, does not chemically affect the capsules’ membrane but can turn it lumpy. In conclusion, these polyamine bonding agents can assist the capsule formation over ADN particles using the simple coacervation method, however, their functionality on mechanical properties of propellants needs to be substantiated in forthcoming works as well as the effect of the concentration of bonding agents on propellant formulations.
Evaluating Pauli Errors on Cluster States by Weighted Distances
Authors: Choong Pak Shen , Girolami Davide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe problem of evaluating the differences between quantum states before and after being affected by errors encoded in unitary transformations is addressed. Standard distance functions, e.g., the Bures length, are not fully adequate for such a task. Weighted distances are instead the appropriate information measures to quantify the distinguishability of multipartite states. Here, the previously introduced weighted Bures length and the newly defined weighted Hilbert‐Schmidt distance are employed to quantify how much single‐qubit Pauli errors alter cluster states. For both types of weighted distances, it is found that different errors of the same dimension change cluster states in a different way, i.e., their detectability is in general different. Indeed, they transform an ideal cluster state into a state whose weighted distances from the input depends on the specific chosen Pauli rotation, as well as the position of the affected qubit in the graph related to the cluster state. As these features are undetected by using standard distances, the study proves the usefulness of weighted distances to monitor key but elusive properties of many‐body quantum systems.
Effects of Stochastic Magnetic Noise on the SERF Co‐Magnetometer
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Zhuo , Fan Wenfeng , Qin Bodong , Zhou Xinxiu , Pang Haoying , Quan Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStochastic magnetic field noise has a non‐negligible negative impact on the performance of quantum precision measurement instruments such as spin‐exchange relaxation‐free (SERF) co‐magnetometer in terms of sensitivity and stability. Conventional magnetic field error analysis and suppression methods are not applicable to stochastic magnetic field noise. In this paper, a stochastic model of the SERF co‐magnetometer is proposed to analyze the mechanism of stochastic magnetic field noise. The mean and covariance propagation model of the SERF co‐magnetometer is given based on the stochasticity model and statistical principles. The analysis of simulation experiments reveals that reducing the longitudinal electron spin polarization can somewhat reduce the standard deviation of the system output caused by stochastic magnetic field noise. And the atomic ensembles are most resistant to stochastic magnetic field noise when the electron spin polarization strongly couples with the nuclear spin polarization. Finally, the experiments verified the above conclusions. In conclusion, this paper provides theoretical and experimental support for analyzing and suppressing the effect of stochastic magnetic field noise on the SERF co‐magnetometer, which is of great significance for improving the sensitivity and stability of the measurement.
Enhanced therapeutic effects of apoptotic cell‐conditioned mesenchymal stem cells in lupus‐prone MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Zhang Zhuoya , Cui Yiyuan , Huang Saisai , Liu Weilin , Chen Chen , Feng Xuebing , Wang Dandan , Sun Lingyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundApoptotic cell‐conditioned mesenchymal stem cells (AC‐MSCs) exhibit stronger T cell suppressive ability via cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); however, whether AC‐MSCs exhibit enhanced therapeutic effects on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unknown.MethodsSplenocytes from MRL/MPJ‐Faslpr (MRL/lpr) mice were cocultured with AC‐MSCs, and the proportion of plasma cells was determined by flow cytometry. MSCs, AC‐MSCs, COX2 knockdown MSCs, and COX2 knockdown AC‐MSCs were infused into MRL/lpr mice (n = 10/group). Survival rates and lupus symptoms, including proteinuria, kidney injury, renal immune complex deposition, and autoantibody production, were assessed. Additionally, the number of plasma cells and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured.ResultsThe AC‐MSCs significantly inhibited plasma cells via PGE2 after 24 h coculture in vitro, whereas MSCs did not. In the MRL/lpr mice, AC‐MSC treatment led to a significantly higher survival rate than phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) treatment (90% vs. 50%, p < 0.05). Moreover, AC‐MSC infusion decreased urine protein levels as early as 1 week after administration (0.89 ± 0.55 mg/mL vs. 1.59 ± 0.60 mg/mL, p < 0.05, compared with PBS treatment). Administration of both MSCs and AC‐MSCs reduced renal immunoglobulin G and complement C3 deposition, whereas COX2 knockdown MSCs and COX2 knockdown AC‐MSCs did not. Serum anti‐dsDNA antibody levels in AC‐MSC‐treated mice significantly decreased (0.40 ± 0.25 vs. 0.99 ± 0.58, p < 0.05), compared with PBS treatment, as well as the number of plasma cells in both the spleen ([2.14 ± 1.05] × 106 vs. [8.02 ± 4.01] × 106, p < 0.01) and renal‐draining lymph nodes ([0.78 ± 0.68] × 106 vs. [2.49 ± 1.45] × 106, p < 0.05). Additionally, AC‐MSCs inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐21, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1.ConclusionsAC‐MSCs enhanced the therapeutic effects in mice with lupus, which were partially mediated by COX2/PGE2. Therefore, AC preconditioning may be a new strategy for MSC transplantation in the treatment of SLE.