bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Regression and Optimal Neural Network Models for Prediction of Compressive Strength of High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete - A Comparative Study
Authors: PRASAD D S RAJENDRA Prasad D , H SIDDESHA , EMANI PAVAN KUMAR , D Sharma H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper makes an attempt to provide an insight into studies of Machine learning Regression and Optimal Neural Network Model for prediction of Compressive Strength of High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete using Project Site testing results. We use these models, as they are time and cost-effective to gather data and to predict the incident itself, or, more likely, because the incident will occur in some future time. Prediction of Compressive Strength of High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (HSSCC) for 7days, 28 days, 56days and 90days based on design mix parameters is implemented in this work by adopting an Optimal Neural Network model. An Information Criterion (AIC) algorithm along with the golden search algorithm were applied progressively till the optimal network with a minimum AIC was found. Machine learning Multiple Regression models are also developed to predict Compressive Strength of concrete from one or more design mix variables. The Regression equations are developed for computing the compressive strength of concrete based on the 9 input design mix parameters. The results of the models were encouraging and found to be reliable.
Quantifying Urban Flood Extent Using Satellite Imagery and Random Forest: A Case Study in Southeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Composto Rebecca , Tulbure Mirela G , Tiwari Varun , Gaines Mollie D. , Caineta Júlio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The risk of floods from tropical storms is increasing due to climate change and human development. Maps of past flood extents can aid in planning and mitigation efforts to decrease flood risk. In 2021, Hurricane Ida slowed over the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast United States and released unprecedented rainfall. Satellite imagery and the Random Forest algorithm are a reliable combination to map flood extents. However, this combination is not usually applied to urban areas. We used Sentinel-2 imagery (10 m), along with derived indices, elevation, and land cover data, as inputs to a Random Forest model to make a new flood extent for southeastern Pennsylvania. The model was trained and validated with a dataset created with input from PlanetScope imagery (3 m) and social media posts related to the flood event. The overall accuracy of the model is 99%, and the flood class had a user’s and producer’s accuracy each over 99%. We then compared the flood extent to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood zones at the county and tract level and found that more flooding occurred in the Minimal Hazard zone than in the 500-year flood zone. Our Random Forest model relies on publicly available data and software to efficiently and accurately make a flood extent map that can be deployed to other urban areas. Flood extent maps like the one developed here can help decision-makers focus efforts on recovery and resilience.
WITHDRAWN: A Novel Approach for Intrusion Detection System based on Adaptable Variable Homomorphic Mac for Network Coding Enabled Small Cells
Authors: Nabi Faisal , Jabeen Farah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For 5G networks, which can cover metropolitan regions by being installed on demand across all devices, anywhere, at any time, network coding-enabled mobile small cells are seen as a viable solution. Since intermediary nodes might alter packets while they are in route, pollution attacks present a security risk. Discovering infected packets is inevitable. Transport packets can be altered by means of the intermediary nodes. At the receiver's end, incorrect decoding will inevitably result in the detection of tainted packets. In an environment with NC enabled tiny cells, a newly proposed MAC based intrusion detection system efficiently identifies tainted packets.
Wood anatomy of Tabaroa, a monotypic papilionoid legume genus narrowly endemic to the Brazilian Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forests
Authors: Silva Marcelo dos Santos , Burris Daisy , Sacramento Cássia , Silva Lazaro Benedito da , Cardoso Domingos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Wood anatomy can serve as a source of phylogenetically informative characteristics, as well as a model of how more plastic characters have evolved over time in plants, e.g., through ancestral reconstructions of wood anatomical traits across well-resolved phylogenies. However, the evolution of wood anatomy is largely unexplored within a phylogenetic context due to limited availability of anatomical data across taxa. When compared with other angiosperm families, Leguminosae is relatively well-documented, yet it still lacks comprehensive wood anatomical information, particularly in undersampled papilionoid clades. In order to contribute to the understanding of micromorphological diversity across papilionoid legumes, we newly characterize the wood anatomy of Tabaroa caatingicola, a papilionoid species narrowly endemic to the Brazilian Caatinga seasonally dry tropical forests, that has been molecularly placed in the poorly anatomically studied tribe Brongniartieae. Optical histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine and describe the wood anatomy of T. caatingicola and compare it with six phylogenetically related Brongniartieae genera: Amphiodon, Behaimia, Haplormosia, Harpalyce, Limadendron, and Poecilanthe. Wood anatomy of Tabaroa suggests adaptations to the irregular rainfall of the harsh Caatinga environment, featuring distinct growth rings, prone to semi-ring-porous wood, multiple narrow vessels, simple perforation plates, and small and vestured pits. These traits increase water flow during abundance and ensure hydraulic safety during scarcity, minimizing embolism formation and spread. By focusing on the genus Tabaroa, an ecologically distinctive and evolutionarily isolated lineage, this study contributes to the understanding of the systematic and functional wood anatomy variation in the papilionoid legume tribe Brongniartieae.
Association of infrastructure and operations with antibiotic resistance potential in the dairy environment
Authors: Singh Harshita , Bagra Kenyum , Dixit Sourabh , Singh Awanish Kumar , Singh Gargi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigated the link between infrastructure and operations and the levels of antibiotic resistance potential within the dairy farm environment in India, which is the highest producer and consumer of dairy products. We sampled sixteen dairy farms in the Dehradun district, India, that varied in their herd size, infrastructure, and operational features during winter, summer, and monsoon. We collected dung, manure, wastewater, manure-amended and control soil samples from these farms. We quantified six antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)[1] (sul1, sul2, parC, mcr5, ermF, and tetW), an integron integrase gene cassette (intI1), and 16S rRNA gene copies as an indicator for total bacterial count. We observed that with increased ventilation in the farm that exposed the animals to external weather, the levels of sul2 (x͂=10-1.63) and parC (x͂=10-4.24) in manure increased. Farms with textured floor types like brick and cement floors had higher levels of ermF in dung (x͂=10-4.36) and parC in manure (x͂=10-4.18) than farms with rubber mat-lined floors. When farmers prescribed antibiotic therapy without contacting any veterinary professional the relative levels of intI1 (x͂=10-2.36), sul2 (x͂=10-1.58) and tetW (x͂=10-3.04) in manure were lower than the cases where professional advice was involved. Small-scale farms had lower relative ARG levels than medium- and large-scale farms, except for mcr5 (x͂=10-3.98) in wastewater. The relative ARG levels trended as: manure-amended soil (x͂=10-2.34) and control soil (x͂=10-2.24)> wastewater (x͂=10-2.90)> manure (x͂=10-3.39)> dung (x͂=10-2.54); and summer (x͂=10-2.91) and monsoon (x͂=10-2.75) > winter (x͂=10-3.38). Significant positive correlations were observed between specific ARGs and the intI1: dung (sul1 (ρ=0.88); sul2 (ρ=0.94)), manure (sul2 (ρ=0.87); ermF (ρ=0.53)), wastewater (sul1 (ρ=0.74); sul2 (ρ=0.66); parC (ρ=0.37); ermF (ρ=0.52)), and manure-amended soil (sul1 (ρ=0.73); sul2 (ρ=0.77); parC (ρ=0.32); ermF (ρ=0.46).
Immunogenicity and efficacy studies of Endo H in vivo deglycosylated Protective Antigen from Bacillus anthracis as a vaccine candidate against anthrax
Authors: Mamedov Tarlan , Gun Nilufer , Gulec Burcu , Khozeini Hemra , Ungor Rifat , Yuksel Damla , Arslan Ahmet , Dilik Zahide , Deniz Deha Ali , Goven Nejdet , Mammadova Gulshan , Hasanova Gulnara 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Protective antigen (PA) of B. anthracis is a key component of the anthrax toxin and have been demonstrated as a main immunogenic in the development of subunit vaccine against anthrax. However, the use of recombinant PA (rPA) as a vaccine candidate has faced challenges due to its inherent chemical instability, associated with the spontaneous deamidation of multiple asparagine (Asn) residues in PA molecule. We hypothesized that Endo H in vivo deglycosylated PA83 (dPA83(E)) may be an ideal candidate for PA83-based vaccine development because this technology could eliminate the deamidation of asparagine residues in the PA83 molecule and allow the production of PA83 protein in a deglycosylated, native-like form. In this study, we conducted immunogenicity and challenge efficacy studies of dPA83(E) antigen. We show that plant-produced dPA83(E) antigen demonstrated superior properties over PNGase F in vivo deglycosylated or glycosylated PA83 counterparts and elicited high toxin neutralizing antibody titers in mice and guinea pigs. Furthermore, a single administration of this vaccine candidate protected guinea pigs 100% from fatal B. anthracis infection. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Endo H in vivo enzymatic deglycosylated PA83 is a promising candidate for the development of cost-effective, safe, stable, and highly immunogenic vaccine against anthrax.
Analysis of Kinetic Signal Undergoing Gait Training with the Lokomat Exoskeleton after Complete Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xie Wenkai , Wei Penghu , Song Weiqun , Tang Yi , Liu Lin , Wang Yanzhao , Sun Chenxi , Wang Changming , Zhao Guo-Guang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Patients suffering from spinal cord injuries predominantly depend on exoskeleton robots for assistance in gait retraining. This dependency intensifies for individuals with complete spinal cord injuries.Utilizing a Lokomat exoskeleton, the research analyzed time-domain and frequency-domain signal characteristics of walking tasks in eight spinal cord injury patients (ASIA A grade) and compared them with 12 healthy individuals. The study introduced time–frequency analysis and torque difference of gait period (TDGP) to evaluate patient performance, revealing significant differences in both knee and hip joint movements. High- and low-frequency wavelet coefficients showed considerable distinctions between the spinal cord injury group and the control group, demonstrating the potential of these methods in assessing rehabilitation progress. The results suggest that time–frequency analysis and TDGP can effectively differentiate between the rehabilitation outcomes of patients with complete spinal cord injuries and healthy subjects, offering new insights into the assessment of exoskeleton-assisted walking rehabilitation.
Factors influencing engagement of at-risk individuals in cytomegalovirus vaccine clinical trials: insights from the USA
Authors: Penlington Michael , Alsdurf Hannah , VanSeggelen Heather , Nicolay Uwe , Scheuerle Rebekah , Reid Michel , Panackal Anil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the willingness of US females of childbearing age, including high-risk groups, to participate in a CMV vaccine trial.
Methods
Two surveys, involving 238 and 680 females aged 18–49, assessed the impact of information sheets on willingness to participate in a CMV vaccine trial. The original survey studied the influence of information based on a CMV informed consent form. Following the finding that this Fact Sheet reduced willingness to enroll, an amended survey assessed the impact of different types of information on willingness to enroll.
Results
The first Fact Sheet decreased participation likelihood in both surveys (p = 0.055; p = 0.0139), while two more concise Fact Sheets significantly increased willingness to participate (p < 0.001 for both). Overall, 93% of respondents were generally aware of clinical research, but only 35% familiar with CMV. CMV awareness was highest in those currently or recently pregnant (overall, p < 0.001) and was moderately correlated to the willingness of enrollment in a CMV trial (rho = 0.3392, 2-sided p < 0.001). Greater percentages of participants who were initially marginally hesitant to enroll indicated they would be quite or very likely to participate after reading the concise Fact Sheets than those with greater baseline hesitancy. The willingness to participate in a CMV trial among Black/African Americans and those living with younger children did not increase after being informed of their specific higher risk from CMV.
Conclusions
Concise, relevant disease and risk information, informs willingness to enroll in CMV vaccine trials. However, dilution with information that does not resonate with readers may discourage those with the most to gain from clinical research participation.
Preoperative measurement and analysis of femoral bone canals designed by 3D modelling in lateral extra-articular tenodesis
Authors: Yu Guangwen , Xiang Xiaobing , Liu Wengang , Chen Jianfa , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: The anterolateral ligament of the knee joint is an important structure for maintaining rotational stability. Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) has attracted increasing attention. At present, this technique is a hot topic in the study of anterior cruciate ligament revision.
Objective: Considering that the design of the LET bone canal is the key to successful surgery, a safe zone of the LET bone canal was created through computer-aided preoperative planning.
Methods: Mimics 20.0 was used to conduct three-dimensional modelling of the femur and ACL bone canal. The LET bone canal before surgery was designed by Imageware 13.2. A safe zoom where the bone canal did not overlap with the ACL bone canal, trochlea of the femur, and anterior cartilage of the femoral lateral condyle was used, and the spatial relationship between the safe zoom and the femoral internal condyle was quantified.
Results: In all 13 patients, the spherical surface did not overlap with the trochlea of the femur or the anterior cartilage of the lateral condyle of the femur. The sphere overlapped with the ACL canal in 13 patients. The safe zoom was the front of the internal condyle of the femur, and the closest distance from the zoom to the internal condyle of the femur was 9.4802±6.8796 mm. The distance from the medial condyle of the femur to the intersection formed by the line from the most anterior edge of the medial edge of the femoral condyle cartilage surface to the medial condyle and the safety plane was 14.2493±12.1392 mm. The distance from the medial condyle of the femur to the intersection formed by the line from the most inferior edge of the medial edge of the femoral condyle cartilage surface to the femoral condyle and the safety plane was 11.8494±8.7796 mm. In a single case, the shortest distance between the exit needle point and the interface of the safe area was 37.9224 mm.
Conclusion: Computer-aided 3D modelling of the preoperative femoral bone canal design of LET can be used to quantify the spatial relationship between the exit needle points and the medial condyle of the femur, accurately plan the route of the LET bone canal, and effectively reduce the probability of LET canal and ACL bone canal overlap.
Discrepancies in Walking Speed Measurements Post-Bed-Rest: A Comparative Analysis of Real-World vs. Laboratory Assessments
Authors: Grassi Marcello , Ritzmann Ramona , Straten Fiona Von Der , Böcker Jonas , Mittag Uwe , Mulder Edwin , Daumer Martin , Rittweger Jörn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Understanding differences between real-world walking speed (RWS) and laboratory-measured walking speed (LWS) is crucial for comprehensive mobility assessments, especially in context of prolonged immobilization. This study aimed to investigate disparities in walking speed following a 60-day bed-rest period. In eleven male subjects, RWS was continuously monitored using a tri-axial accelerometer worn on the waist, while LWS was assessed via a 10-meter walk test at preferred speed, on three different study days after immobilization. Statistical analyses included Bland-Altman and Pearson's correlation to evaluate agreement between RWS and LWS, alongside paired-sample t-tests and univariate linear regression models to assess significance of differences and temporal effects on gait speed. Results of Bland-Altman analysis showed no agreement between RWS and LWS (mean difference 0.77 m/s) and nonsignificant correlation (r = 0.19, p-value = 0.3). Paired-sample t-tests indicated significantly lower RWS compared to LWS for all study days (p-value < 0.001). Univariate linear regression models demonstrated a significant effect of test day on RWS (p-value < 0.001) but not on LWS (p-value = 0.23). These findings emphasize the importance of integrating both assessments to capture comprehensive mobility changes following prolonged periods of inactivity. Particularly significant is that RWS is constantly lower than LWS, with the former being more representative as it reflects what normally participants would do when not under observation. Lastly, understanding discrepancies between RWS and LWS would allow for more appropriate rehabilitation programs to speed up recovery while simultaneously keeping the rehabilitation safe and tailored.
Proteomic analysis reveals dynamic changes in cloacal fluid composition during the reproductive season in a sexually promiscuous passerine
Authors: Míčková Kristýna , Jelínek Václav , Tomášek Oldřich , Stopková Romana , Stopka Pavel , Albrecht Tomáš 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Cryptic female choice is a component of postcopulatory sexual selection that allows females to select the most suitable partner to fertilize their eggs. While its precise mechanisms remain unclear, they may involve the influence of the protein composition of the female reproductive fluids on sperm functionality. This study maps the protein composition of the cloacal fluid across different phases of female reproductive cycle in a sexually promiscuous passerine, the barn swallow. Similar to mammals, the protein composition in the female reproductive tract differed between receptive (when females copulate) and nonreceptive phases. With the change in the protein background, the enriched gene ontology terms also shifted. Within the receptive phase, distinctions were observed between proteomes sampled just before and during egg laying. However, three proteins exhibited increased abundance during the entire receptive phase compared to nonreceptive phases. These proteins can be considered as candidates in cryptic female choice, as all of them can influence the functionality of sperm or sperm-egg interaction. Our study demonstrates dynamic changes in the cloacal environment throughout the avian breeding cycle, emphasizing the importance of considering these fluctuations in studies of cryptic female choice.
Haemoglobinopathies and Other Rare Anemias in Spain: Ten Years of a Nationwide Registry (Rehem-ar)
Authors: Sanchez Jose Manuel Marco , Cancho Eduardo Jesus Bardon , Beneitez David , Payan-Pernia Salvador , Gimbert Anna Collado , Ruiz-Llobet Anna , Salinas Jose Antonio , Sebastian Elena , Argiles Bienvenida , Bermudez Mar , Vazquez Maria Angeles , Ortega Maria Jose , Rubio Montserrat Lopez , Gondra Ainhoa , Uriz Jose Javier , Morado Marta , Coll Maria Teresa , Duarte Monica Lopez , Baro Maria , Cervera Aurea , Recasens Valle , Blanes Carmen Garcia , Carcavilla Maria del Pozo , Tallon Maria , Espin Ana Gonzalez , Olteanu Francisco , Gonzalez Pablo , Mañu Mar , Cela Elena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
REHem-AR was created in 2013. The progressive implementation of neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies in Spanish autonomous communities where the registry had not been implemented, as well as the addition of new centres during this period, has considerably increased the sample of patients covered. In this study, we update our previous publication in this area, after a follow-up of more than 5 years. An observational, descriptive, multicentre and ambispective study of adult and paediatric patients with haemoglobinopathies and rare anaemias registered in REHem was performed. The data are from a cross-sectional analysis performed on 1 June, 2023. The study population comprised 1,756 patients, of whom 1,317 had SCD, 214 had thalassaemia and 224 were diagnosed with another condition. Slightly more than one third of SCD patients (37%) were diagnosed based on neonatal bloodspot screening, and the mean age at diagnosis was 2.5 years; 71% of thalassaemia patients were diagnosed based on the presence of anaemia. Vaso-occlusive crisis and acute chest syndrome continue to be the most frequent complications in SCD. HSCT was performed in 83 patients with SCD and in 50 patients with thalassaemia.
Since the previous publication, REHem-AR has grown in size by more than 500 cases. SCD and TM are less frequent in Spain than in other European countries, although the data show that rare anaemias are frequent within rare diseases. REHem-AR constitutes an important structure for following the natural history of rare anaemias and enables us to calculate investment needs for current and future treatments.
Effects of decongestion on nasal cavity air conditioning efficiency: a CFD cohort study
Authors: Xiao Qiwei , Bates Alister J. , Doorly Denis J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Decongestion reduces blood flow in the nasal turbinates, enlarging the airway lumen. Although the enlarged airspace reduces the trans-nasal inspiratory pressure drop, symptoms of nasal obstruction may relate to nasal cavity air-conditioning. Thus, it is necessity to quantify how efficient nasal cavity conditioning the inhaled air. This study quantifies both overall and regional nasal air-conditioning in a cohort of 10 healthy subjects using computational fluid dynamics simulations before and after nasal decongestion. The 3D virtual geometry model was segmented from magnet resonance images (MRI). Each subject was under two MRI acquisitions before and after decongestion condition. The effects of decongestion on nasal cavity air conditioning efficiency were modelled at two inspiratory flowrates: 15 and 30 \(L.mi{n}^{-1}\) to represent restful and light exercise conditions. Results show inhaled air was both heated and humidified up to 90% of alveolar conditions at the posterior septum. The air-conditioning efficiency of the nasal cavity remained nearly constant between nostril and posterior septum but dropped significantly after posterior septum. In summary, decongestion not only reduce nasal cavity added heat by 23% and added moisture content by 19% to inhaled air, but also reduce the air-conditioning efficiency by 35% on average.