bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF MOISTURE SORPTION ISOTHERMS IN KERMAN PISTACHIO NUTS
Authors: TAVAKOLIPOUR HAMID , KALBASI‐ASHTARI AHMAD 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT Various postharvesting processes such as handling, drying, storing and transportation of pistachio nuts are affected by their equilibrium moisture content (EMC). The static gravimetric method, along with different saturated salt solutions, was used in a range of water activity of 0.11–0.88, and at 15, 25, 35 and 40C to obtain sorption isotherms of pistachio nuts. Each set of sorption data was fitted to six mathematical equations, including Brunauer, Emmett and Teller; Guggenheim, Anderson and De Boer; Smith; Oswin; Halsey; and Henderson. The Smith model gave the most appropriate results (fitness) over the entire range of the mentioned temperatures. The isosteric sorption heats were determined for adsorption and desorption of pistachio nuts using the relevant thermodynamic relations (i.e., Clausius–Clapeyron equation). Based on experimental sorption data, a noticeable hysteresis effect between adsorption and desorption processes was observed, and their EMC plots were significantly deviated and different from each other. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe rehydration rate of pistachio kernels and powder when they are mixed with various ice creams, desserts and confectionary products depends mainly on their sizes, temperature, and water activity. These factors have considerable effects on texture properties and release of flavor of pistachio's final products. To enhance the organoleptic properties of the above‐mentioned products, it is important to choose proper sizes of pistachio kernels. Since hysteresis and binding energy of pistachio powder are less than those of pistachio kernels, especially at 15°C, its rehydration rate is faster, and therefore it releases more flavor to the product (water activity in the range of 0.2–0.7) than pistachio kernels. However, the crunchy taste in pistachio powder is less than that in pistachio kernels. Overall, more research is needed to choose proper sizes of pistachio kernels for mixing with different products (such as ice cream) to keep their high crispness and maximize their flavor‐releasing process during rehydration, and also to use minimum energy for cooling and freezing.
Total and methylmercury intake associated with fish consumption in Bahrain
Authors: Freije Afnan , Awadh Maysoon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study was performed to determine the total mercury (T‐Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in five fish species: Scomberomorus commerson, Siganus canaliculatus, Epinephelus coioides, Lethrinus nedulosus and Sardinella albella. The highest mean concentrations of T‐Hg and MeHg (0.126±0.009 and 0.123±0.010 mg/kg wet weight, respectively) were found in the carnivorous fish S. commerson, whereas the lowest concentrations were determined in the herbivorous fish S. albella (0.029±0.005 and 0.028±0.005 mg/kg wet weight, respectively). MeHg was the major form of mercury accumulated in fish, comprising more than 94.6% of the T‐Hg in fish samples examined in this study. The overall mean concentrations of T‐Hg and MeHg found in the species studied were generally lower than those reported in earlier studies in the region and did not exceed international limits (0.5 and 0.3 mg/kg wet weight, respectively). The overall mean of T‐Hg intake from fish was estimated to be 0.0003 mg/kg/week, which is less than the threshold level set by the World Health Organization (WHO) (0.0016 mg/kg/week).
The potential use of hydrogen peroxide in water well rehabilitation
Authors: Brassington F. C. , Whitter J. P. , Macdonald R. A. , Dixon J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA water supply borehole in the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer in Warrington, UK was found to be infested with iron bacteria that resulted in large ochreous deposits and damaged the pump. Before the pump was replaced, the borehole was treated using hydrogen peroxide. Comparison of the borehole condition seen in CCTV surveys carried out before and after treatment shows that previously observed bacterial growths had been removed. A specific capacity curve was constructed from step test data and used to assess the borehole yield under operational conditions. This showed that the iron bacteria had increased drawdown by some 20% and that the treatment had restored the previous yield characteristics. The improvement is thought to be due to a mechanical scrubbing effect caused by the vigorous release of oxygen bubbles during the decay of the peroxide.
Rural Emergency Department Staffing and Participation in Emergency Certification and Training Programs
Authors: Casey Michelle M. , Wholey Douglas , Moscovice Ira S. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT:
Context:

The practice of emergency medicine presents many challenges in rural areas. Purpose: We describe how rural hospitals nationally are staffing their Emergency Departments (EDs) and explore the participation of rural ED physicians and other health care professionals in selected certification and training programs that teach skills needed to provide high‐quality emergency care. Methods: A national telephone survey of a random sample of rural hospitals with 100 or fewer beds was conducted in June to August 2006. Respondents included ED nurse managers and Directors of Nursing. A total of 408 hospitals responded (96% response rate). Findings: A majority of rural hospitals use more than one type of staffing to cover the ED. The type of staffing varies by time period and ED volume. On weekdays, about onethird of hospitals use physicians on their own medical staff; one third use contracted coverage; 18% use both; and 14% use physician assistants and/or nurse practitioners with a physician on‐call. Hospitals are more likely to use a combination of medical staff and contracted coverage on evenings and weekends. Advanced Cardiac Life Support training is common, but Pediatric Advanced Life Support, Advanced Trauma Life Support, and training in working as a team are less common. More registered nurses working in rural EDs have taken the Trauma Nursing Core Course than the Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course. Conclusions: Rural ED staff would benefit from additional continuing education opportunities, particularly in terms of specialized skills to care for pediatric emergency patients and trauma patients and training in working effectively in teams.
Connecting Atmosphere and Wetland: Energy and Water Vapour Exchange
Authors: Lafleur Peter M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWetlands are ubiquitous over the globe, comprise a vast array of ecosystem types and are of great ecological and social importance. Their functioning is intimately tied to the atmosphere by the energy and mass exchanges that take place across the wetland–atmosphere boundary. This article examines recent research into these exchanges, with an emphasis on the water vapour exchange. Although broad classes of wetland type, such as fen, bog and marsh, can be defined using ecological or hydrologic metrics, distinct difference in energy exchanges between the classes cannot be found. This arises because there are many factors that control the energy exchanges and interplay of these factors is unique to every wetland ecosystem. Wetlands are more similar in their radiation balances than in the partitioning of this energy into conductive and turbulent heat fluxes. This is especially true of evapotranspiration (ET) rates, which vary considerably among and within wetland classes. A global survey of wetland ET studies shows that location has little to do with ET rates and that variation in rates is largely determined by local climate and wetland characteristics. Recent modelling studies suggest that although wetlands occupy a small portion of the global land surface, their water and energy exchanges may be important in regional and global climates. Although the number of studies of wetland–atmosphere interactions has increased in recent years more research is needed. Five key areas of study are identified: (i) the importance of moss covers, (ii) lack of study in tropical systems, (iii) inclusion of wetlands in global climate models, (iv) importance of microforms in wetlands and their scaling to the whole ecosystem, and (v) the paucity of annual ET measurements.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Populus euphratica (Populaceae)
Authors: WU YUXIA , WANG JUAN , LIU JIANQUAN 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, we developed 12 microsatellite loci for Populus euphratica and checked their variability in 27 individuals. The number of alleles for 12 loci ranged from five to nine, the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.32 to 0.48 and from 0.53 to 0.67. Frequencies of null alleles of all loci are not significantly greater than zero. None of the loci showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. No significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between pairs of studied loci. These markers are useful in studies of population genetic structure of P. euphratica.
New microsatellite markers isolated from mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors: SOMTA PRAKIT , MUSCH WARUNEE , KONGSAMAI BUPPA , CHANPRAME SONTICHAI , NAKASATHIEN SUTKHET , TOOJINDA THEERAYUT , SORAJJAPINUN WORAWIT , SEEHALAK WORAPA , TRAGOONRUNG SOMVONG , SRINIVES PEERASAK 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this study, we reported the isolation and analysis of new polymorphic microsatellites in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Twelve out of 210 primer pairs screened in 30 mungbean accessions gave polymorphism. The polymorphic markers detected two to three alleles per locus with an average of 2.08. Observed heterozygosity varied from 0 to 0.133, while expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.095 to 0.498. Tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and pairwise linkage disequilibrium of the polymorphic loci revealed that all loci except MB‐SSR14 significantly departed from HWE and four pairwise combinations, viz. MB‐SSR14 vs. MB‐SSR42, MB‐SSR42 vs. MB‐SSR87, MB‐SSR114 vs. MB‐SSR121, and MB‐SSR175 vs. MB‐SSR231 significantly deviated from linkage disequilibrium. The markers are being used to study genetic diversity and genome mapping of mungbean.
Gouty polyarthritis with sacroiliitis: a rare association and insight into newer management and dietary strategies
Authors: JAIN Neeraj , DUGGAL Lalit , GUPTA Deni 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA 40 years male, chronic alcoholic, hypothyroid and hypertensive, presented with long‐standing polyarticular joint pain and tophi with resultant difficulty in walking and pain in the left gluteal region. He was found to have involvement of both sacroiliac joints, left hip joint, ankles, knees, hands and elbows. The patient improved with steroids and colchicine; allopurinol was continued in preadmission dosage.
Rapidly progressing central nervous system involvement despite of steroid pulse therapy in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus presented as mononeuritis multiplex
Authors: GOTO Akiko , KONDO Makoto , MINAUCHI Koichiro , KOIZUMI Kazuki , MUKAI Masaya 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA 31‐year‐old‐woman with a 6‐month history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was admitted because of severe mononeuritis multiplex. Although she initially responded well with steroid pulse therapy, she developed unconsciousness again 3 weeks later just after a second course of steroid pulse. Laboratory evaluations revealed a high titre of anti‐DNA antibody, low complement levels, and positive lupus anticoagulant. She was treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy with immediate response. The clinical course of central nervous system involvement was very unusual for the response to steroid pulse therapy.
Calcineurin Localizes to the Hyphal Septum in
Aspergillus fumigatus
: Implications for Septum Formation and Conidiophore Development
Authors: Juvvadi Praveen Rao , Fortwendel Jarrod R. , Pinchai Nadthanan , Perfect B. Zachary , Heitman Joseph , Steinbach William J. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

A functional calcineurin A fusion to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), CnaA-EGFP, was expressed in the
Aspergillus fumigatus
Δ
cnaA
mutant. CnaA-EGFP localized in actively growing hyphal tips, at the septa, and at junctions between the vesicle and phialides in an actin-dependent manner. This is the first study to implicate calcineurin in septum formation and conidiophore development of a filamentous fungus.
Borrelia burgdorferi vlsE
Antigenic Variation Is Not Mediated by RecA
Authors: Liveris Dionysios , Mulay Vishwaroop , Sandigursky Sabina , Schwartz Ira 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

RecA is a key protein linking genetic recombination to DNA replication and repair in bacteria. Previous functional characterization of
Borrelia burgdorferi
RecA indicated that the protein is mainly involved in genetic recombination rather than DNA repair. Genetic recombination may play a role in
B. burgdorferi
persistence by generation of antigenic variation. We report here the isolation of a
recA
null mutant in an infectious
B. burgdorferi
strain. Comparison of the in vitro growth characteristics of the mutant with those of the wild-type strain under various conditions showed no significant differences. While the RecA mutant was moderately more sensitive to UV irradiation and mitomycin C than the wild-type strain, the lack of RecA abolished allelic exchange in the mutant. Absence of RecA did not affect the ability of the mutant to infect mice. However, the RecA mutant was attenuated for joint infection in competitive-infection assays with the wild-type strain.
vlsE
sequence variation in mice was observed in both wild-type and RecA mutant spirochetes, indicating that the mechanism of antigenic variation is not homologous genetic recombination.
The Economic Predicament of Italian Renaissance Ambassadors
Authors: Dover Paul 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article examines the character and sources of the many complaints about money heard in the dispatches of ambassadors in the second half of the fifteenth century in Italy. In a period when ambassadors increasingly served for long periods of time as residents in a single locale, infrequency of regular remuneration became commonplace, as Italian states, with their lengthening list of pecuniary obligations, were notoriously unreliable paymasters. This article suggests that the language of complaint reflected the dynamics of Renaissance patron-client relationships and the rhetorical conventions that were shaped both by the medieval ars dictaminis and humanistic topoi. While the laments could reflect real deprivation, ambassadorial service often provided a real path to office, influence and enrichment. It also demonstrates that the financial concerns of ambassadors differed whether they were short-term or long-term ambassadors, and whether they were sent by princely or republican regimes. Based on diplomatic correspondence of ambassadors from several Italian states, the essay argues that the economic situation of these diplomatic envoys is analogous to that of condottieri: both served the cash-strapped Renaissance territorial state in areas of activity where institutions were becoming permanent.
Magic Naturalized? Negotiating Science and Occult Experience in Aleister Crowley's Scientific Illuminism La Magie “naturalisée”? De la négociation entre science et expérience occulte dans l'illuminisme scientifique d'Aleister Crowley
Authors: Asprem Egil 
Published: July 2008

AbstractL'une des questions centrales qui se posent en matière d'ésotérisme occidental moderne porte sur l'attrait persistant de la magie; comment la magie a-t-elle survécu au “désenchantement du monde”? Une explication tentante a été que l'émergence de la “magie occultiste”, fondée sur les écrits d'Eliphas Lévi (1810-1875) et les enseignements de l'Ordre Hermétique de la Golden Dawn (créé en 1888) en particulier, ont eu pour effet une “psychologisation” de la magie. Le fait d'interpréter les pratiques magiques comme des techniques psychologiques, et le commerce avec des entités ésotériques comme une manipulation d'états intérieurs, psychologiques, plutôt que comme un commerce avec des êtres spirituels existant réellement, a permis à des modernes possédant une bonne culture et appartenant à une classe supérieure à la classe moyenne, de maintenir à la fois leur croyance à la magie, et leur intégrité rationnelle. En présentant une étude de cas, celui d'un des occultistes modernes ayant exercé le plus d'influence, à savoir Aleister Crowley (1875-1947), cet article cherche à montrer que “la thèse de la psychologisation” ne résiste pas entièrement à l'examen. Feront l'objet d'une mention particulière le système magique de Crowley, présenté comme un “Illuminisme scientifique”, ainsi que le rôle et à l'attrait de la science dans ce système. Contrairement à la thèse de la psychologisation, laquelle, comme on en traitera, représente une sorte d' “escapisme psychologique”, Crowley ne cherchait pas à dissocier ses croyances magiques de ses croyances rationnelles en les faisant passer dans le champ de la psychologie et des états intérieurs; au lieu de cela, influencé qu'il était par les idéaux du naturalisme scientifique il a cherché à concevoir une méthode naturaliste permettant de critiquer, de tester et de raffiner rationnellement la pratique magique. En somme, on s'attachera à montrer que le système de Crowley représente un pas en direction de la naturalisation plutôt que vers la psychologisation de la magie. On présentera une lecture serrée de certaines des idées de Crowley portant sur le rapport entre science et magie, et on procédera aussi à une contextualisation historique dans laquelle on s'attachera spécialement à traiter des rapports entretenus par Crowley avec des courants intellectuels marquants au sein desquels on s'intéressait à cette question (notamment, la Society for Psychical Research, Sir James Frazer, ainsi que des philosophes naturalistes—de T.H. Huxley à Henry Maudsley).
“Éloquence magique”, ou descriptions des mondes de l'au-delà explorés par le magnétisme animal: Au carrefour de la Naturphilosophie romantique et de la théosophie chrétienne (première moitié du XIXème siècle) “Magic Eloquence”, or Descriptions of the Worlds of the Beyond Explored by Animal Magnetism: At the Crossroad of Romantic Naturphilosophie and Christian Theosophy (first half of the 19th century)
Authors: Faivre Antoine 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe article opens with a distinction between three kinds of “clairvoyance” phenomena. 1) A faculty of seeing/hearing things which are normally outside the reach of the clairvoyant's five senses (like being able to read sentences from a book although it is closed), but which do not extend beyond the domain of our common reality. 2) A “higher” faculty, which consists in seeing/hearing entities like spirits of the dead, angels, demons, etc., and occasionally in having a personal contact with them. 3) A “highest” faculty, of a noetic (“gnostic”) character, which extends beyond the first two and consists in being able to have acess to some sorts of “ultimate realities”: the visions thus imparted to the subject bear on ontological mysteries that concern, for example, the divine world, the cosmos, the hidden sides of Nature, etc. The author bestows the name “magic eloquence” on the narratives of visions pertaining to that third kind of clairvoyance, which are documented in the literature of Christian theosophy (see Jacob Boehme's and Swedenborg' vivions, for instance) and of animal magnetism. After presenting a few examples of magic eloquence chosen in the literature of animal magnetism in the first half of the 19the century, the article discusses the interpretations thereof put forward in the same period by a number of representatives of some German romantic Naturphilosophen who were both interested in animal magnetism and influenced by Christian theosophy. Their interpretations were based, on the one hand, upon the theosophical version of the myth of Fall and Reintegration; on the other hand, upon the “traditional” tripartition spirit/soul/body. On that basis, they constructed a series of heuristic tools successively, around notions like “ethereal light-substance”, “ganglionic system”, and Nervengeist. In the latter, they eventually came to see the cornerstone of the “physicopsycho-spiritual” structure (made of five constitutive elements) of the human being as they imagined it. Moreover, if considered as such, the Nervengeist appears to be the key for understanding the physico-spiritual procedures that undergird the production of magic eloquence. Finally, after presenting a few relevant examples in the literature of fiction inspired by animal magnetism, and some considerations devoted to the continuation of magical eloquence in later spiritual movements, the article draws a parallel between two anthropological “constructs” of the “soul” – namely, by the Naturphilosophie discussed above; and by psychoanalysis.
The Shasu "Bedouin"
Authors: Ward William A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe people whom the Egyptians called "the Shasu" are one of the enigmas in the struggle between Egypt and her neighbours during the Empire. They appear time and again in Egyptian texts and are frequently portrayed on temple walls, yet they have remained an elusive group for all the seeming importance accorded them in the extant documents. Were they an ethnic group or social class, a political entity or scattered tribes, a major enemy or sometime foe? Raphael
Notes On Taxation in Early Islam
Authors: Duri 'ABDAL 'AZIZ 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis is not a survey, but an attempt to raise certain points and to reconsider some issues. A study of a system requires due consideration of its origins and evolution with an appreciation of the source material available. Account has been taken of modern research, but this is hardly the place for detailed study; thus ideas and findings are given only briefly as notes*.
Elite Lineages and the T'O-Pa Accommodation: a Study of the Edict of 495
Authors: Dien Albert E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn examination of the scanty material directly bearing on social class in the state of Northern Wei in the late 5th century suggests that the system for delineating family status outlined in an edict of 495 was elitist rather than aristocratic and that its roots are to be found in Chinese society, not in the Hsien-pei tribal structure. The T'o-pa rulers may have instituted the system in order to systematize and bureaucratize social custom so as to control entry into the elite and thus ensure adequate T'o-pa representation in civil offices. The edict of 495 is also interesting for the information it offers about what may be termed bureaucratic segmentation of lineage; and finally one may infer from the wording of the edict that the T'o-pa clan structure was of the conical type.