bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical utility of coronary CT angiography: Coronary stenosis detection and prognosis in ambulatory patients
Authors: Lesser John R. , Flygenring Bjorn , Knickelbine Thomas , Hara Hidehiko , Henry Jason , Kalil Ayesha , Pelak Kimberly , Lindberg Jana , Pelzel Jamie , Schwartz Robert S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIntroduction: Multislice CT coronary angiography (MSCTA) accurately detects stenosis in patients undergoing coronary arteriography, but its accuracy in clinical outpatients is less certain. This study retrospectively analyzed MSCTA performance in a large outpatient cohort and examined 6‐month clinical follow‐up in those without invasive CA. Methods: Patients underwent MSCTA for clinical indications including symptoms or noninvasive results being either equivocal or suspected as incorrect by referring clinicians. Standard 16‐slice CT scanner techniques were used, and results were analyzed on the basis of both patient and vessel. Patients were treated medically or sent to invasive angiography on the basis of MSCTA results and judgment of referring clinicians. All invasive angiograms were analyzed using quantitative coronary angiography. Six‐month clinical follow‐up was determined in patients without CA. Results: One thousand fifty‐three consecutive patients were referred for MSCTA, resulting in 994 interpretable scans. Mean age was 58 ± 13 years, 55% were male, 50% had prior noninvasive testing, and 90% had symptoms. Invasive angiography was performed in 160 patients, with significant stenoses present in 69%. MSCTA demonstrated 87% and 89% accuracy by patient‐ and vessel‐based analysis, respectively, and was most accurate in the left main and right coronary arteries. Only two patients not referred for angiography had signficant stenosis in those undergoing 6‐month follow‐up. Conclusions: MSCTA accurately detects obstructive coronary stenosis in clinical patients with possible cardiac symptoms, and effectively triages them for invasive angiography. Negative results are highly accurate in ruling out obstructive disease. Six‐month prognosis is excellent in patients without significant disease determined by MSCT. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of the Amplatzer vascular occluder to occlude large venous vessels in adults and children with congenital heart disease: A case series
Authors: Hares Dominic Llewelyn , Tometzki Andrew J.P. , Martin, Robin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe describe the use of a new vascular occlusion device to embolize vessels whose flow is detrimental to cardiac function in a variety of clinical situations in both adults and children with congenital cardiac disease. Our series includes four cases in which we have successfully occluded large venous vessels, to produce a beneficial effect on oxygen saturations and cardiac function. There were no adverse events because of the devices in our series, which provides evidence that the Amplatzer vascular plug is a safe and effective method of embolizing large venous vessels. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfemoral venous access through inferior vena cava filters for interventions requiring large sheaths
Authors: Schoeffler Michael , Ringewald Jeremy , Schechter Eliot 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe presence of a filter in the inferior vena cava (IVC) to prevent pulmonary embolism from lower extremity deep vein thrombosis has traditionally been a contraindication for venous catheterization from the femoral vein. Certain interventional procedures require femoral access and occasionally, patients with IVC filters require these procedures. The authors report two such patients, one with a Greenfield filter requiring balloon mitral valvuloplasty and one with a Trapease filter requiring atrial septostomy. These cases demonstrate the technical feasibility of interventions across vena cava filters. Based on this experience and a review of the literature we describe in detail the techniques that allowed the procedures to be performed safely and successfully. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuro‐embolic protection during percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
Authors: Blake J.W.H. , Hanzel G.S. , O'Neill W.W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis report describes the management of a patient with severe symptomatic mitral stenosis and a large mobile thrombus extending from the left atrial appendage that was resistant to warfarin therapy. Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty was performed with cerebral protection using bilateral internal carotid artery filters to minimize the risk of embolic stroke. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient skin dose in cardiac interventional procedures: Conventional fluoroscopy versus pulsed fluoroscopy
Authors: Chida Koichi , Fuda Kenji , Saito Haruo , Takai Yoshihiro , Takahashi Shoki , Yamada Shogo , Kohzuki Masahiro , Zuguchi Masayuki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectives: To investigate whether pulsed fluoroscopy reduces a patient's exposure compared with the exposure owing to conventional (continuous) fluoroscopy, we simulated the skin radiation doses of patients at cardiac catheterization facilities with various X‐ray systems used in fluoroscopically guided intervention procedures. Background: Although many reports have noted that “pulsed fluoroscopy” provides important further reductions in radiation exposure, it has been determined that when comparing dose rates between different vendor systems, “pulsed fluoroscopy” does not reduce patients' exposure as compared with “conventional fluoroscopy”. Methods: We examined 13 X‐ray systems; 10 used pulsed fluoroscopy and three used conventional fluoroscopy. The entrance surface doses with fluoroscopy were compared for the 13 X‐ray systems by using acrylic plates (20‐cm thick) and a skin dose monitor. The X‐ray conditions used in the measurements were those normally used in the facilities performing percutaneous coronary intervention. Results: The average surface dose for systems from three different vendors producing conventional fluoroscopy systems was 23.93 ± 2.77 mGy/min vs. an average surface dose of 22.52 ± 4.50 mGy/min from five vendors of pulsed fluoroscopy systems (25, 30, and 50 pulses/sec) (P = 0.646). The average entrance surface dose was significantly (P < 0.0001) higher with conventional fluoroscopy and pulsed fluoroscopy at 25, 30, and 50 pulses/sec (23.05 ± 3.78 mGy/min) than with pulsed fluoroscopy at 15 pulses/sec (13.86 ± 3.22 mGy/min). Conclusions: Pulsed fluoroscopy did not in itself reduce radiation exposure. In general, the use of pulsed fluoroscopy at a pulse rate lower than 25 pulses/sec should reduce the skin dose in fluoroscopically guided intervention procedures. Nevertheless, some X‐ray systems are not designed to reduce the dose rate as the number of pulses per second is decreased. Physicians should be aware of the entrance surface dose of the X‐ray system that they use for cardiac IVR. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hexagonal Supramolecular Architectures from Ferrocenium Cations Incorporating [Ni(mnt)2]− Columns: Structures and Properties of [Alkylferrocene][Ni(mnt)2]− Charge‐Transfer Complexes (mnt=maleonitriledithiolate)
Authors: Mochida Tomoyuki , Koinuma Takeo , Akasaka Takahiro , Sato Michiko , Nishio Yutaka , Kajita Koji , Mori Hatsumi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe crystal architecture, magnetic properties, and thermodynamic properties of [n‐butylferrocene][Ni(mnt)2] (1), [tert‐butylferrocene][Ni(mnt)2] (2), [1,1′‐diethylferrocene][Ni(mnt)2] (3), and [1,1′‐diisopropylferrocene][Ni(mnt)2] (4) were investigated (mnt=maleonitriledithiolate). These complexes exhibit a unique supramolecular structure in which the ferrocenium cations constitute honeycomb‐like assembled structures surrounding columns of the anions. For 1, the cations form a dimer through a very short intermolecular ferrocene–ferrocene distance of 3.28 Å, which mediates an antiferromagnetic interaction with a singlet–triplet energy gap of 5 K. First‐order phase transitions occur in 1–3 at 364, 361, and 350 K, respectively, accompanied by thermal hysteresis.
Pillars, Layers, Pores and Networks from Nickeltripyrrins: A Porphyrin Fragment as a Versatile Building Block for the Construction of Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Bröring Martin , Prikhodovski Serguei , Brandt Carsten D. , Cónsul Tejero Esther 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSterically hindered nickel‐ tripyrrins [Ni(trpy)X] with different di‐, tri‐ and tetradentate anions X have been prepared with the aim of finding coordination polymers formed by self‐association. The syntheses were performed by simple ligand‐exchange reactions and proceeded successfully with the pseudohalides CN−, OCN−, SCN−, SeCN−, N(CN)2− (dicyanoamido, dca) and C(CN)3− (tricyanomethanido, tcm), the cyanidometallates [Ag(CN)2]− and [Ni(CN)4]2− and the salicylate anion (sal−). X‐ray crystallographic analyses revealed that the complexes with cyanido and isocyanato ligands, as well as the compound with a salicylato ligand, are prototypes for structurally distinct monomeric species in the solid state, whereas one‐dimensional coordination polymers or supramolecular three‐dimensional networks are formed from all other combinations. The polymeric compounds display a variety of individual pillar and network architectures with functionalised pores and clefts and with the Ni(trpy) fragments in different relative orientations. Hydrogen bonding and π stacking were found to be additional structure‐directing effects, which increased the structural complexity of the system. The Ni(trpy) subunit has thus been proven to be a versatile building block for the construction of supramolecular assemblies and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) from pentacoordinate NiII ions.
Hydride Affinities of Substituted Alkenes: Their Prediction by Density Functional Calculations and Rationalisation by Triadic Formula
Authors: Vianello Robert , Peran Nena , Maksić Zvonimir B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe hydride affinities (HAs) of ethene and its derivatives produced by substituents that vary greatly in their donor/acceptor properties are studied by the B3LYP/6‐311+G(2df,p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d) method. The computed values are in very good agreement with the available experimental data. A useful by‐product of the calculations of thermodynamic data are the estimated adiabatic electron affinities. It turns out that derivatives involving monosubstituted CN and NO2groups, disubstituted CN, NO2and CF3groups and ethenes polysubstituted by these strongly electron‐accepting functionalities possess positive electron affinities, which implies that the corresponding ions are formed by energy release and are thus quite stable species. The most favourable sites of the hydride ion attack are identified and the trend of changes of hydride affinities is analysed and interpreted by a triadic formula, which discriminates between the initial, intermediate and final state properties. It is found that hydride affinities are rather well correlated with the adiabatic electron affinities, which means that the initial state (neutral molecule) and intermediate step (relaxation of the nuclei and electrons upon electron capture) effects are predominant factors. The quantitative information on the H–affinities can be obtained, however, only by including all terms appearing in the triadic formula. It is shown that Pearson’s HSAB concept does not work for hydride affinities. The idea of using hydride affinities as a measure of the electrophilic propensity of molecules is put forward. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Transmission pricing using the exact power and loss allocation method for bilateral contracts in a deregulated electricity supply industry
Authors: Adsoongnoen Cattareeya , Ongsakul Weerakorn , Maurer Christoph , Haubrich Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method based on exact power and loss allocation for bilateral transactions under the enhanced single buyer model in the Thai electricity supply industry (Thai ESI). Generally, a transmission network is designed to transfer mainly active power. The transmission pricing for this active power charge in the Thai ESI comprises three components, namely the transmission use‐of‐system charge, the connection charge, and the common service charge. However, the calculation of transmission pricing, using marginal cost scheme, might not ensure revenue requirements of the transmission owner in case of a high reactive power demand in the network because a part of transmission line capacity is subsequently required for the reactive power transfer. Thus, the triangle method is used to segregate the transmission pricing by classifying active and reactive charges. The users are charged regarding their system usages by applying the exact power and loss allocation method. The proposed transmission pricing sends economic incentives to the users with fair charges. It ensures an investment recovery of the transmission owner in case of high reactive demand in the network. The Thai power 424‐bus network demonstrates the method exemplarily. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of the self‐heating hazards of cerium(IV) nitrated treated towels using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Hartman J. R. , Waters C. A. , Beyler C. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study measured the Arrhenius kinetic parameters and heat of reaction using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) for the combustion of untreated towels and towels treated with cerium(IV) nitrate. These parameters were used to calculate the self‐heating parameters, M and P (Self‐heating: Evaluating and Controlling the Hazard. Her Majesty's Stationery Office: London, 1984) and the critical pile sizes of the towels at several temperatures. The results from the TGA/DSC experiments support the conclusions by Beyler et al. (Fire and Materials 2005; 30:223–240) that the cerium(IV) nitrate treatment of towels significantly enhances the ignitability of the towels but that self‐heating is not a hazard for normal temperature storage scenarios other than bulk storage.It was found that the kinetic reaction data measured by TGA and DSC are only useful for predicting the specific reaction hazard for materials stored above 100°C. A comparison of the self‐heating parameters measured by oven and kinetic reaction data methods for a number of materials suggests that the kinetic reaction data overestimate the critical pile size at temperatures below 100°C.In addition, it was found that the kinetic reaction data measured by TGA can be used to determine the relative self‐heating hazards for modified materials. TGA testing with towels saturated with a 0.5 N solution of cerium(IV) nitrate (Ce(NO3)4) in a 2.0 N solution of nitric acid, a 2.0 N solution of sodium nitrate in 2.0 N nitric acid and simple 2.0 N nitric acid, showed that the sodium nitrate and nitric acid treated samples reacted at the same temperatures as the untreated towels, while cerium(IV) nitrate markedly reduced the reaction temperature. These tests clearly point to the importance of the cerium(IV) ion as an oxidizing agent. Thus, the TGA testing provided in a matter of days, insights that would have required months of oven testing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composition of the essential oils from the leaves of nine Pinus species and the cones of three of Pinus species
Authors: Kurose Kohsuke , Okamura Daigo , Yatagai Mitsuyoshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe essential oils from leaves of Pinus koraiensis, P. merkusii, P. palustris, P. parviflora, P. petula, P. ponderosa, P. pumila, P. rigida and P. rudis and cones of P. densiflora, P. rigida and P. taeda were investigated by GC–MS. Yields of the oils were 0.08–2.33 (w/w). α‐Pinene (0.2–51.8%) and β‐pinene (0.1–38.2%) were contained in both the leaf and cone oils of Pinus species. The monoterpene fractions of Pinus leaf oils comprised mainly pinanes and menthanes. Pinanes were present in greater amounts than menthanes in the leaf oils of all the species except P. petula. The leaves of P. pumila contained caranes as major components, whereas those of P. parviflora contained camphanes as major components. As for sesquiterpenes in the leaf oils, caryophyllane and/or the cadinane group were the major components. The leaf oils of P. merkusii, P. petula and P. rudis contained larger amounts of caryophyllanes than those of the cadinane group. The sesquiterpenes of these three species were mainly caryophyllanes, while in the sesquiterpene fraction of other Pinus species the content of the cadinane group was larger than that of caryophyllanes. Concerning cone oils, P. rigida and P. taeda cones were mainly composed of monoterpenes, while P. densiflora contained sesquiterpenes as the main components. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An enhanced polygonal finite‐volume method for unstructured hybrid meshes
Authors: Ahn Hyung Taek , Carey Graham F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIrregular hybrid meshes may excessively distort the node‐dual finite‐volume discretization. A new scheme is formulated that uses a different type of polygonal control volume. Superior stability of the polygonal scheme over the conventional node‐dual scheme is demonstrated on representative irregular hybrid meshes for incompressible viscous flow past a circular cylinder. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baroclinic stability for a family of two‐level, semi‐implicit numerical methods for the 3D shallow water equations
Authors: Rueda Francisco J. , Sanmiguel‐Rojas Enrique , Hodges Ben R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe baroclinic stability of a family of two time‐level, semi‐implicit schemes for the 3D hydrostatic, Boussinesq Navier–Stokes equations (i.e. the shallow water equations), which originate from the TRIM model of Casulli and Cheng (Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 1992; 15:629–648), is examined in a simple 2D horizontal–vertical domain. It is demonstrated that existing mass‐conservative low‐dissipation semi‐implicit methods, which are unconditionally stable in the inviscid limit for barotropic flows, are unstable in the same limit for baroclinic flows. Such methods can be made baroclinically stable when the integrated continuity equation is discretized with a barotropically dissipative backwards Euler scheme. A general family of two‐step predictor‐corrector schemes is proposed that have better theoretical characteristics than existing single‐step schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Cwm Llwyd Outlier, Carmarthenshire, South‐West Wales – Britain's deepest karstic subsidence or Variscan pull‐apart structure?
Authors: Walsh P. T. , Barclay W. J. , Battiau‐Queney Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Cwm Llwyd Outlier of Namurian Middle Shales in the central part of the Black Mountain escarpment of South Wales is an unusual structure. It occupies a topographic depression located more than 2 km from the main outcrop of the Middle Shales and has a stratigraphic discordance with its wall‐rocks of more than 300 m. Previous interpretations advocating a karstic origin imply that this is the deepest known subsidence in Great Britain. However, although the outlier lies among some of the finest epikarst landforms in the country, several factors indicate that the subsidence was not caused by a karstic mechanism. These include the amount of stratigraphic displacement in contrast to the depth of available vertical space in the putative host Carboniferous Limestone, the relatively simple form of the outlier, and the absence of brecciation, marginal solution residues and associated palaeoendokarst features in the adjacent wall‐rocks.The outlier is re‐interpreted here as the product of faulting which occurred during a Variscan strike‐slip or transpressive tectonic regime, producing local sinistral transtension that may have been re‐activated in the Palaeogene period. Remapping the outlier at a scale of 1:2 500 indicates that the present structure is related principally to a left‐stepping offset between the Cwm Llwyd and Llwyn Celyn faults. Analogies are drawn with the Cainozoic pull‐apart structures in Southwest England. Near‐surface reddening and kaolinization of the beds probably represent pre‐Pleistocene weathering. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonatal isolation impairs neurogenesis in thedentate gyrus of the guinea pig
Authors: Rizzi Simona , Bianchi Patrizia , Guidi Sandra , Ciani Elisabetta , Bartesaghi Renata 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the current study we examined the effects of early isolation rearing on cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in the dentate gyrus of the guinea pig. Animals were assigned to either a standard (control) or an isolated environment a few days after birth (P5–P6), taking advantage of the precocious independence from maternal care of the guinea pig. On P14–P17 animals received one daily bromodeoxyuridine injection, to label dividing cells, and were sacrificed either on P18, to evaluate cell proliferation or on P45, to evaluate cell survival and differentiation. In P18 isolated animals we found a reduced cell proliferation (−35%) compared to controls and a lower expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Though in absolute terms P45 isolated animals had less surviving cells, they showed no differences in survival rate and phenotype percent distribution compared to controls. Looking at the location of the new neurons, we found that while in control animals 76% of them had migrated to the granule cell layer, in isolated animals only 55% of the new neurons had reached this layer. Examination of radial glia cells of P18 and P45 animals by vimentin immunohistochemistry showed that in isolated animals radial glia cells were reduced in density and had less and shorter processes. Granule cell count revealed that P45 isolated animals had less (−42%) granule cells than controls. Results show that isolation rearing reduces hippocampal cell proliferation, likely by reducing BDNF expression and hampers migration of the new neurons to the granule cell layer, likely by altering density/morphology of radial glia cells. The large reduction in granule cell number following isolation rearing emphasizes the role of environmental cues as relevant modulators of neurogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastropods on Submersed Macrophytes in Yangtze Lakes: Community Characteristics and Empirical Modelling
Authors: Wang Hai‐Jun , Pan Bao‐Zhu , Liang Xiao‐Min , Wang Hong‐Zhu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEpiphytic gastropods in Yangtze lakes have suffered from large‐scale declines of submersed macrophytes during past decades. To better understand what controls gastropod community, monthly investigations were carried out in four Yangtze lakes during December, 2001–March, 2003. Composed of 23 species belonging to Pulmonata and Prosobranchia, the community is characterized by the constitution of small individuals. The average density and biomass were 417 ± 160 ind/m2 and 18.05 ± 7.43 g/m2, with maxima around August. Submersed macrophyte biomass is shown to be the key factor affecting species number, density, and biomass of gastropods. Accordingly, a series of annual and seasonal models yielding high predictive powers were generated. Preference analyses demonstrated that pulmonates and prosobranchs with different respiratory organs prefer different macrophyte functional groups. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)