bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Chlorella biomass using Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles: isotherm and thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption
Authors: Van Do Thi Cam , Van Toan Lam , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Thuan Tran Dang , Cuc Dinh Thi , Mai Dang Thi , Huong Pham Thi Mai , Yen Pham Thi Thanh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHarvesting microalgae by centrifugation and filtration is very costly, affecting technical and economical feasibility of downstream processing of algal biomas to bioproducts. Flocculation is a potential technique for recovery of algae biomass. Particularly, flocculation using magnetic nanoparticles offers high separation efficiency due to their high surface area and magnetic properties. In this work, the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles including Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 were used to harvest C. sorokiniana TH01 from aqueous suspension. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, algal biomass concentration, temperature and reaction time on harvesting performance were investigated. It was revealed that the optimal C. sorokiniana TH01 harvesting conditions for Fe3O4 were pH of 5, adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, biomass concentration of 2‐2.5 g/L, temperature 25oC and reaction time 20‐30 min. For Fe3O4@SiO2, the optimal conditions were pH of 7, adsorbent dosage of 0.6 g/L, with the same biomass concentration, temperature and reaction time as Fe3O4. Under the optimal conditions, Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 can be regenerated up to three cycles with harvesting efficiency till remained over 55%. Adsorption of C. sorokiniana TH01 on Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 exhibited the best fitness with Langmuir isortherm with R2 and maximal adsorption capacity estimated of 0.995 and 6.55 g/g and 0.9971 and 9.53 g/g, respectively. Thermodynamics study revealed that an adsorption of C. sorokiniana TH01 on Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2 was exothermic process. Furthermore, XRD, EDS, SEM, TGA and FT‐IR data confirmed the successful binding of microalgae cells on surfaces of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2. The super‐magnetization intensities (> 22 emu/g) of the synthesized materials demonstrated an excellent separation capability with external magnetic devices.
A previously undescribed phenolic compound from Acanthus ilicifolius L.
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi , Huyen Le Thi , Hanh Le Thi My , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Tai Bui Huu , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe plants Acanthus ilicifolius L. (Acanthaceae) are used in Vietnamese folk medicine for the treatment of stomach pain, hepatitis, asthama, and rheumatism. Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of the aerial parts of this plant led to the isolation of seven phenolic compounds, (2R,3R,4R)‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxyflavan 5‐O‐[β‐D‐apiofuranosyl‐(1→6)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), quercitrin (2), isoquercitrin (3), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4), kaempferol 3‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (5), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (6), and 6‐O‐vanilloylarbutin (7). Among these isolates, compound 1 was previously undescribed compounds. Their chemical structures and the absolute configurations of the new compound were elucidated by 1D‐, 2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS and ECD spectroscopic techniques. The known compounds were identified by comparison their NMR spectral data with those reported in the literature.
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for the purification of wastewater from Congo red using simple and low cost adsorbents
Authors: Shakeel Muhammad , Khizar Sania , Atiq Adeel , Ali Shahid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis manuscript reports the purification of wastewater from Congo red (CR) by adsorbing it on sawdust of Pinus walichiana (PW) and Populus ciliata (PC) used as adsorbents. The adsorbents were characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X‐rays (EDX) spectroscopy, X‐rays diffraction (XRD) and BET surface area and pore size analysis. Different adsorption models like Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich and Dubinin‐Radushkevich (R‐D) were applied to the system. The adsorption of CR on sawdust of both plants followed Freundlich adsorption isotherm to greater extent than Langmuir and Temkin isotherms which means that the surface of adsorbents was mostly heterogeneous and there occurred adsorbate‐adsorbate interaction which influenced the adsorption process. The process also obeyed D‐R model and mean free energy of adsorption was calculated to be 7.11 kJ.mol‐1 showing that the process of adsorption was physical. Adsorption of CR on both adsorbents followed film diffusion, particle diffusion, pseudo first order and Elovich models. It means that the process of adsorption was mixed diffusional in nature, occurred through physical process, the sites for adsorption increased exponentially with adsorption and multimolecular layer was formed on the surface of adsorbents. ∆H was 3.77 kJ.mol‐1 and 15.92 kJ.mol‐1, ∆S was 19.49 kJ.mol‐1 and 85.91 kJ.mol‐1 while ∆G was (‐1.75 to ‐2.33) kJ.mol‐1 and (‐8.39 to 10.97) kJ.mol‐1 for PW and PC, respectively. It means that the adsorption process was endodermic, resulted in increase in entropy and spontaneous for both the adsorbents. Isoelectric point (IEP) was determined by salt addition method, and it was found to be 6.9 for sawdust of PW and 5.1 for PC. The process of adsorption was found to be higher in the low pH range for both the adsorbents.
Structural, electrical and optical studies on organic NLO single crystal of N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA)
Authors: Sathishkumar G. , Lenin M. , Gubendiran T. , Sathiyamoorthy B. , Nithiyanantham S. , Ramasamy P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe 2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (NA) was converted into the raw material N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐4‐nitroaniline (BNA), and the solubility of BNA in various organic solvents was calculated gravimetrically. BNA's solubility and crystal structure make it an excellent solvent for the low‐temperature solution growth method used to create single crystals of BNA with orthorhombic structure studied through single crystal analysis. Methanol was used to harvest the 3×10 mm3 BNA single crystals, which are big, translucent yellow crystals. BNA, the subject compound, the exothermic and endothermic nature was characterised by TG analyses, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), functional studies by infrared (IR) spectra, NMR spectral and optical transmission studies. An Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was used to observe the second harmonic generation (SHG) of grown crystal leads about 3 times more than KDP crystal. Possible polarization for various temperatures, the crystal's dielectric properties was measured as a function of frequency. Larger surface morphology with high optical to wave conversion efficiency and the results were reviewed. Responding to electric field to leads to liquid crystal display and THz purposes.
Effect of micro‐sized luffa cylindrica fibers on the mechanical properties of epoxy epikote 828
Authors: Trung Dang Huu , Huu Nguyen The , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Viet Nguyen Minh , Hai Trinh Thi , Van Bach Tran , Van Bang Nguyen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicro‐sized luffa cylindrica fibers (MLCFs) are made from raw luffa natural fibers from Vietnam and are environmentally friendly while possessing good mechanical strength. This work focuses on the mechanical properties of composite based on epoxy epikote 828 reinforced with MLCFs, particularly the fracture toughness. The results show that the MLCFs content has a great influence on the fracture toughness, especially the critical‐stress intensity factor (KIC) and izod impact strength of composite. Specifically, when using MLCFs reinforced from 0 to 2.0 wt.%, the critical‐stress intensity (KIC) increased from 1.89 to 4.60 MPa.m1/2, while the izod impact strength increased from 3.6 to 7 KJ/m2, respectively. The thermal behavior of the composite reinforced with MLCFs at different contents was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The surface fracture structure of the composite samples was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.
Extrarenal nephroblastomas in the inguinal region and paraspinal musculature with vertebral involvement and spinal cord compression in a 12‐year‐old dog
Authors: Soler Marta , Pérez‐Hernández María , Buendía Antonio J. , Agut Amalia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 12‐year‐old, entire, male shar‐pei was presented with a 1‐month history of depression, lumbar pain and progressive hindlimb weakness. In addition, the owners had noticed a mass in the right inguinal region. Computed tomography showed a contrast‐enhanced soft tissue mass located at the right paraspinal musculature, affecting the vertebral body of T13, invading the vertebral canal and compressing the spinal cord. The inguinal mass showed similar imaging characteristics. Due to the uncertain prognosis, euthanasia was recommended, and postmortem examination was requested. Microscopic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with ectopic nephroblastomas. According to this case report, ectopic nephroblastomas should be considered within the differential diagnosis of masses affecting the paraspinal musculature, as well as the inguinal region, even in senior dogs. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of two ectopic nephroblastomas presented in different locations in a dog.
Sustainable electrode material from waste plastic for modern energy storage devices
Authors: Shrivastava Kriti , Jain Ankur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmong the total 17 UN‐SDGs (sustainable development goals) proposed by the United Nations, the goal 7 basically ensures easy global availability of sustainable, clean, cost effective, reliable, and modern energy. Researchers are primarily concentrating on renewable energy sources in this direction since they are sustainable, clean, and environmentally friendly. But there are numerous obstacles, such as their low reliability, irregular nature, remote availability, and so forth, that prevent them from being widely used in commercial applications. Combining these renewable energy sources with effective and affordable energy storage technologies can be a promising solution to approach concerns including rising energy consumption, reliable and consistent electric power, and better grid stability. Modern energy storage systems such as electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and lithium‐ion batteries have a great deal of potential for a wide range of applications. Carbon‐derived materials are the most flexible and fundamental materials for the storage and conversion of modern energy. Since it requires the pyrolysis and activation of expensive starting materials like wood, petroleum, and coal, the commercially produced activated carbon is costly and unsustainable. Due to rapidly increasing amount of plastic waste and the requirement for sustainable development, the conversion of waste plastics into valuable yet inexpensive carbon nanomaterials have attracted significant research interest. Their outstanding capability for charge accumulation and transportation is due to their enormous surface area, high chemical stability, and electrical conductivity in combination with low density. The present article examines the necessity and the efforts undertaken to develop supercapacitors and Li‐ion batteries as sustainable modern energy storage devices using recycled waste plastic.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Development > Goals
Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
Hate speech detection in social media: Techniques, recent trends, and future challenges
Authors: Rawat Anchal , Kumar Santosh , Samant Surender Singh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe realm of Natural Language Processing and Text Mining has seen a surge in interest from researchers in hate speech detection, leading to an increase in related studies. This analysis aims to create a valuable resource by summarizing the methods and strategies used to combat hate speech in social media. We perform a detailed review to achieve a deep knowledge of the hate speech detection landscape from 2018 to 2023, revealing global incidents of hate speech in 2022–2023. Sixty‐six relevant articles were selected for this review. Existing studies were analyzed and categorized into five method categories: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Ensemble models, Graph Neural Networks, and Graph Convolutional Networks. These advancements can aid social networking services in identifying hate messages before being posted, reducing the risk of harassment. The review also covers available hate speech datasets and highlights research challenges, but it is clear that a definitive solution to this problem is yet to be found. Future research directions are recommended to address the ongoing challenges in Hate Speech Detection.This article is categorized under:
Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Linguistics
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Classification and Regression Trees (CART)
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Text Mining
Setting the Film Studio Stage
Authors: Street Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the book’s main themes and approaches, setting out the key questions it engages with regarding Pinewood’s history and reputation. Relevant literature on Pinewood and film studios is surveyed as context for the book’s film-historical-materialist methodology combined with a ‘tectonic’ approach applied in the context of film studio analysis. The chapter presents a brief early history and information about Pinewood’s foundation in 1936, its development as a studio facility, and its experience of being requisitioned during the Second World War. The chapter sets out how the book’s particular structure and ‘pivot’ focus produces a micro history which offers new insights into the material, cultural, and social role of film studios during a key period of British film history.
In the Studio and on Location: Mapping Pinewood’s Culture in 1947–1950
Authors: Street Sarah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on films produced by the Independent Producers at Pinewood during 1947, a key year in which the film industry was under great pressure to produce more films. It examines in detail the new techniques and approaches to set design in the films Blanche Fury (1948), The End of the River (1947), The Woman in the Hall (1947), Oliver Twist (1948), The Red Shoes (1948), Esther Waters (1948) and London Belongs to Me (1948). Experiments in Technicolor design in particular emerge as an important theme, and also techniques used for films shot primarily on location. The chapter concludes with an overview and assessment of the immediate post-war years when Pinewood supported many productions whose art direction practices and working methods were very much situated in the exigencies of post-war shortages and studio rehabilitation.
From classrooms to controllers: how school closures shaped children's video gaming habits
Authors: Abed Alah Muna , Abdeen Sami , Bougmiza Iheb , Selim Nagah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on screen time and video gaming habits among governmental school students in Qatar and explore the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) within this context.

Methods
A cross-sectional approach was employed, spanning two months from June to August 2022. A random sample of students aged 8–15 years was drawn from the national electronic health record system of Qatar. Telephone interviews with parents were conducted to collect data. The Parental Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (PIGDS) was used for IGD assessment.

Results
Of 428 parents, 257 (60%) confirmed their child's engagement in video gaming during school closures. Participants averaged 11 years in age with 92 (35.8%) females and 165 (64.2%) males. Nationality included 62.6% expatriates and 37.4% Qatari locals. Average weekly screen time increased significantly from 19.7 ± 10.1 h to 31.9 ± 12.6 h during closure (p < 0.001). Video gaming time rose from 8.6 ± 8.6 h to 13.0 ± 12.4 h per week (p < 0.001). The prevalence of IGD was 8.6% (95% CI 5.4–12.7). Male students, expatriates, and those reporting increased video gaming time were more likely to develop IGD than their female and local counterparts.

Conclusion
The observed associations between video gaming increase and IGD highlight the need for focused interventions to address potential risks and promote healthier digital habits among this population.
Regional trends in the number of COVID-19 cases
Authors: Chujo Keisuke , Seki Tatsunori , Murata Toshiki , Kimura Yu , Sakurai Tomoaki , Miyata Satoshi , Inoue Hiroyasu , Ito Nobuyasu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases data to investigate the regional infection trends in Japan. There had been seven outbreaks by October 2022 in Japan. In each outbreak, the number of COVID-19 cases has increased at different rates in different regions. The prefectural infection ratio is defined using COVID-19 cases data. We calculate the prefectural infection ratio and study the characteristic of each pandemic wave. The prefectural order of infection progression is estimated in each past wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that the infection spread from the Kanto region in the fourth pandemic wave and the infection spread simultaneously from four regions in the sixth wave. It is also found that the infection situation trend in Okinawa differs from that in the other regions.
Elementary flow mapping across life cycle inventory data systems: A case study for data interoperability under the Global Life Cycle Assessment Data Access (GLAD) initiative
Authors: Valente Antonio , Vadenbo Carl , Fazio Simone , Shobatake Koichi , Edelen Ashley , Sonderegger Thomas , Karkour Selim , Kusche Oliver , Diaconu Edward , Ingwersen Wesley W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Limited availability of life cycle assessment (LCA) data poses a significant challenge to its mainstream adoption, rendering it a central issue within the LCA community. The Global LCA Data Access (GLAD) network aims to increase the accessibility and interoperability of LCA data and offers benefits for different use cases. GLAD is an intergovernmental collaboration involving different stakeholders organized into working groups. The GLAD Nomenclature Working Group (NWG) developed a procedure and a set of criteria to map elementary flows among major nomenclature systems and reviewed bidirectional mappings. This paper provides an overview of the methodological approach followed by the NWG to achieve the resulting mapping files.

Methods
The mapping procedure involves several steps of flow and compartment matches and bilateral review. The procedure is supported by an ad hoc software tool called the “GLAD Mapper Tool” developed with the NWG and which is made available for free by the European Commission. The input files for the procedure are the properly formatted source and target flow lists and a file containing the mapping criteria. The four nomenclature systems mapped are those used in ecoinvent, Environmental Footprint, IDEA, and the U.S. Federal LCA Commons. The procedure included representatives from each of these nomenclature systems to ensure a multilateral agreement on the approach to verifying and assessing the quality of the results. The iterative mapping process included different stages of bidirectional reviews to achieve a balance between mapping coverage (i.e., percentage of source flows covered by the target list) and accuracy.

Results and discussion
The mapping procedure proved to be an efficient approach for LCA practitioners in mappings between different nomenclature systems. After a relatively low number of iterations, mapping coverages higher than 90% were achieved, which is driven by the availability of unique substances (flow names) and the granularity of environmental compartments. Overall, none of the four flow lists achieved full coverage and the use of approximated matches (proxy matches) for environmental compartments and/or substances was necessary when a perfect matches between flows were not possible.

Conclusions
The NWG’s mapping activities may serve as a starting point towards defining a central hub for mapping impact assessment methods and datasets, improving data accessibility and interoperability for the LCA community as a step towards defining a unified nomenclature system. The GLAD mapping approach is open and transparent. The approach fosters traceability in the mapping process and offers the potential for greater interoperability across the LCA community, underlining the commitment to openness and collaboration.
Association of Lifestyle Factors with Multimorbidity Risk in China: A National Representative Study
Authors: Zou Xinye , Zou Siyu , Zhang Ruolin , Xue Kefan , Guo Yi , Min Hewei , Wu Yibo , Sun Xinying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultimorbidity significantly impacts health, well-being, and the economy; therefore, exploring notable factors associated with multimorbidity across all age groups is critical. For this investigation, we focused on the relationship between four lifestyle factors and multimorbidity risk. We recruited 11,031 Chinese citizens aged ≥ 12 years from 31 provinces between July 2021 and September 2021 using a quota sampling strategy to ensure that the socioeconomic characteristics (sex, age, rural–urban distribution) of those participating in this research were representative of national demographics. In the first stage, multivariable logistic regression models were utilized as a means of investigating the relationship between lifestyle factors and multimorbidity. Then, a multinomial logistic regression model was used with the aim of examining the Healthy Lifestyle Profile (HLP) related to the number of chronic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the interaction effects and joint association among the four lifestyle factors. Overall, 18% of the participants had at least one disease, and 5.9% had multimorbidity. Approximately two-thirds of the participants were physically inactive, 40% had consumed alcohol, 39% were underweight or overweight, and 20% were or had been smokers. Participants who maintained one HLP showed a 34% lower multimorbidity risk (adjusted OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.92), while participants who maintained 4 HLP showed a 73% lower multimorbidity risk (adjusted OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.43), as compared to those who had 0 HLP. The joint association analysis revealed that participants with all four healthy lifestyle factors had 0.92 times lower odds of multimorbidity (95% CI: 0.90, 0.94) in comparison with the all-unhealthy reference cluster. Notably, individuals with a combination of healthy smoking status and healthy body weight had the highest minimized odds of multimorbidity (OR: [0.92], 95% CI: 0.91, 0.94). Common lifestyle habits, alone or in combination, are associated with multimorbidity risk. This study provides insights for public health programs to promote a healthy lifestyle at a younger age and to alleviate multimorbidity risk in older people.