bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Oncology Practice Performance Through Voluntary Participation in the Quality Oncology Practice Initiative
Authors: Jacobson Joseph O. , Neuss Michael N. , McNiff Kristen K. , Kadlubek Pamela , Thacker Leroy R. , Song Frank , Eisenberg Peter D. , Simone Joseph V. 
Published: April 2008

Purpose The Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) became available to all American Society of Clinical Oncology member physicians in 2006 as a voluntary medical oncology practice-based quality measurement and improvement project. QOPI assesses practice performance for a series of evidence- and consensus-based process measures, relying on practices to complete structured chart reviews and submit data via a secure Web-based portal. Methods This analysis focused on the 71 practices that participated in both the March and September 2006 data collections (7,624 charts abstracted in March and 10,240 in September). Among 33 measures common to both collections, five measures were closely correlated, and 28 are included in the final analysis. Composite scores were created for six different domains of care. Statistical significance was tested on both absolute changes and relative changes (relative failure reduction) of quality measures from baseline to follow-up and between the lower quartile and all other quartiles. Results Practice performance on individual measures varied between 18.8% and 98.6%. Mean overall performance as measured by a composite score increased from 78.7% in March to 82.3% in September (P < .05). Improvement was most marked among practices originally performing in the bottom quartile. Using a composite score, the absolute and relative performance for the bottom quartile improved by 27% and 35%, respectively, statistically superior to that of all others. Conclusion Practices that participated in QOPI demonstrated improved performance in self-reported process measures, with the greatest improvement demonstrated in initially low-performing practices.
Building a Lightweight SOA (Implementierung einer Service Orientierten Architektur mit Open Source)
Authors: Linton Ruwan , Fremantle Paul , Weerawarana Sanjiva , Perera Asankha 
Published: April 2008

Summary
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become a mainstream approach for enterprises to integrate their disparate systems — and at the same time create a closer alignment between business processes and IT. In this paper we present an overview of how to implement a Service Oriented Architecture using open standards and open source software (OSS). In particular we will look at the prevalence of open source in SOA, and explore the use of an Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) in creating and managing an SOA deployment.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants With Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Requiring Shunt Insertion
Authors: Adams-Chapman Ira , Hansen Nellie I. , Stoll Barbara J. , Higgins Rose ,   for the NICHD Research Network
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVE. We aimed to evaluate neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes among extremely low birth weight infants who had severe intraventricular hemorrhage that required shunt insertion compared with infants without shunt insertion.METHODS. Infants who were born in 1993–2002 with birth weights of 401 to 1000 g were enrolled in a very low birth weight registry at medical centers that participate in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, and returned for follow-up at 18 to 22 months' corrected age were studied. Eighty-two percent of survivors completed follow-up, and 6161 children were classified into 5 groups: group 1, no intraventricular hemorrhage/no shunt (n = 5163); group 2, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3/no shunt (n = 459); group 3, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3/shunt (n = 103); group 4, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4/no shunt (n = 311); and group 5, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 4/shunt (n = 125). Group comparisons were evaluated with χ2 and Wilcoxon tests, and regression models were used to compare outcomes after adjustment for covariates.RESULTS. Children with severe intraventricular hemorrhage and shunts had significantly lower scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development IIR compared with children with no intraventricular hemorrhage and with children with intraventricular hemorrhage of the same grade and no shunt. Infants with shunts were at increased risk for cerebral palsy and head circumference at the &lt;10th percentile at 18 months' adjusted age. Greatest differences were observed between children with shunts and those with no intraventricular hemorrhage on these outcomes.CONCLUSIONS. This large cohort study suggests that extremely low birth weight children with severe intraventricular hemorrhage that requires shunt insertion are at greatest risk for adverse neurodevelopmental and growth outcomes at 18 to 22 months compared with children with and without severe intraventricular hemorrhage and with no shunt. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine whether adverse outcomes persist or improve over time.
Evaluations of Tag Retention and a Device for Releasing Discarded Hawaiian Spiny Lobsters Panulirus marginatus
Authors: O'Malley Joseph M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Tag loss and mortality that results directly from the tagging process are a concern to all tagging programs because they reduce sample sizes and can bias population and survival estimates. The purposes of this study were to estimate streamer tag loss in Hawaiian spiny lobsters Panulirus marginatus, evaluate the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in these lobsters, and determine the effectiveness of a cage specially designed to release tagged lobsters safely on the seafloor rather than on the surface where potential predators are present. To estimate tag loss, lobsters were double-tagged (polyethylene streamer and PIT tags) during research cruises in 2003 and 2004. Among the lobsters recaptured in 2004–2006, PIT tag recapture rates were approximately twice those for streamer tags after 1 year at liberty and approximately 4 times those for streamer tags after 2 and 3 years at liberty. Only two lobsters were recaptured that had a streamer tag but no PIT tag. A video system recorded Hawaiian spiny lobsters released from a specially designed release cage. The video observations indicated that the cage is an effective, simple, and inexpensive means for releasing lobsters safely on the seafloor. This cage could be utilized by commercial fishers to safely release sublegal and female lobsters. An additional benefit of the cage is that it insures an accurate release position, which is crucial for movement estimates, because it releases tagged lobsters directly under the vessel.
Integrated Fault Seal Characterization for Reservoir Management
Authors: Acharya U.K. , Eisenberg R.A. , Brenneman R.J. , Adeogba A.A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Integration of pressure, production, geochemical, seismic, well log and structural data provides important information on the sealing capacity and dynamic behavior of fault-juxtaposed reservoirs. Reservoir juxtapositions and potential cross-fault communication pathways are easily defined with fault plane sections (Allan maps). Smear gouge ratios, calculated from E-logs, are used to estimate the composition of fault-gouge materials between the juxtaposed reservoirs. History matching of the available production and pressure data with a full-field reservoir simulator are used to quantify the relationship between fault gouge composition and fault transmissibility. This paper presents the results of such a study conducted on the Meren field, Nigeria. The computed fault transmissibility was observed to correlate with the Smear gouge ratio (fault gouge composition). These tools are used to augment the interpretation of seal/nonseal character in proved reservoirs, assist in the quantification of fault-seal risk in untested fault-dependent closures and prove valuable in the management of reservoirs.

Introduction
Identifying the best practices for the development and management of a hydrocarbon reservoir involves integration of both the geology and reservoir engineering features of the field. The geological data could include information on depositional environment, which can be used to gauge the areal extent of the field; structural geology, to identify the structural features including faults, their areal extent, amount of slip, and sand/sand juxta position; and geochemical data that can be used to fingerprint the oil indifferent reservoirs and to identify possible communication, if any, existing between them either along or across a fault. Reservoir engineering and historical production data could be used to enhance the geologic interpretation and to assist in quantifying the effects of these geological features on the long-range production behavior of the reservoirs.
In the present work the main purpose of the study was to analyze the behavior of faults from the standpoint of their conductance. Both geological interpretation and reservoir engineering analyses were used in this study of the Meren field, offshore Nigeria. The analysis involved a geological study of the faults using Allan maps to estimate the extent of the sand/sand juxta position, Smear Gouge Analysis (SGA) to quantify the nature of the fault gouge, and Reservoir Simulation to estimate the transmissibilities of the fault gouge.
Property, Liability and Market Power: The Antitrust Side of Copyright
Authors: Nicita Antonio , Ramello Giovanni B. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
This paper investigates the interplay between copyright law and antitrust law in two distinct respects. We first argue that the origin of copyright seems to be rooted not only in the need to foster the production and the spread of knowledge but also in the necessity of limiting market power on the side of distributors. We then show the potential impact on market competition of the evolution of copyright as a property rule. While property rules reduce transaction costs in the standard case of bilateral monopoly over the exchange of information goods, they might increase transaction costs. When coupled with market power, a property rule enables the right holder to control uses and prices so as to implement entry deterrence strategies against potential competitors. Conversely, we argue that reversing property rules in favor of competitors or switching to liability rules for copyright may restore competitive outcomes. This conclusion brings new insights on the application of the essential facility doctrine to copyrighted works.
Intergenerational Earnings Mobility: Changes across Cohorts in Britain
Authors: Nicoletti Cheti , Ermisch John F 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze intergenerational earnings mobility in Britain for cohorts of sons born between 1950 and 1972. Since there are no British surveys with information on both sons and their fathers earnings covering the above period, we consider two separate samples from the British Household Panel Survey. We combine information from the two samples using the two-sample two-stage least squares estimator described by Arellano and Meghir (1992). Our main result shows that intergenerational earnings mobility was stable for the cohorts born between 1950 and 1960 and decreased statistically significantly among more recent cohorts, those born during 19611972.
Marital Sorting, Household Labor Supply, and Intergenerational Earnings Mobility across Countries
Authors: Raaum Oddbjørn , Bratsberg Bernt , Røed Knut , Österbacka Eva , Eriksson Tor , Jäntti Markus , Naylor Robin A 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We present comparable evidence on intergenerational earnings mobility for Denmark, Finland, Norway, the UK and the US, with a focus on the role of gender and marital status. We confirm that earnings mobility in the Nordic countries is typically greater than in the US and in the UK, but find that, in contrast to all other groups, for married women mobility is approximately uniform across countries when estimates are based on women's own earnings. Defining offspring outcomes in terms of family earnings, on the other hand, leads to estimates of intergenerational mobility in the Nordic countries which exceed those for the US and the UK for both men and women, single and married. Unlike in the Nordic countries, we find that married women with children and with husbands from affluent backgrounds tend to exhibit reduced labor supply in the US and the UK. In these countries, it is the combination of assortative mating and labor supply responses which weakens the association between married women's own earnings and their parents' earnings.
Transverse second-harmonic generation from disordered nonlinear crystals
Authors: Fischer Robert , Saltiel Solomon , Neshev Dragomir , Krolikowski Wieslaw , Kivshar Yuri 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
We investigate the transverse second-harmonic generation in as grown strontium barium niobate (SBN) crystals with a random structure of anti-parallel ferroelectric domains. We consider both, single and counter-propagating pulse geometries. We investigate polarization properties of the second harmonic signal and discuss applications of this process for short pulses characterization.
Wektorowe Porządkowe Operatory Statystyczne Jako Detektory Krawędzi Obiektów W Zaszumionych Obrazach Kolorowych
Authors: Niedziela Tadeusz , Krukar Wojciech 
Published: April 2008

Wektorowe Porządkowe Operatory Statystyczne Jako Detektory Krawędzi Obiektów W Zaszumionych Obrazach KolorowychW pracy przedstawiono przegląd najskuteczniejszych metod detekcji (wykrywania) krawędzi obiektów w obrazach kolorowych. Zaprezentowano skuteczność wektorowych operatorów porządkowych i wektorowych operatorów różnicowych oraz ich odmiany rozszerzone o różnego typu filtry. Detektory uzyskane w ten sposób są w różnym stopniu skomplikowane obliczeniowo oraz odporne na szum impulsowy i gaussowski. W przypadku operatorów DV dodanie członów filtrujących istotnie podnosi ich odporność na obecność szumu. Najlepsze wyniki ekstrakcji krawędzi w zaszumionych obrazach kolorowych uzyskano, stosując operator DV_&aL-trim.
Nutrition Risk in Home-Bound Older Adults: Using Dietician-Trained and Supervised Nutrition Volunteers for Screening and Intervention
Authors: Laforest Sophie , Goldin Benita , Nour Kareen , Roy Marie-Andrée , Payette Hélène 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNutrition screening and early intervention in home-bound older adults are key to preventing unfavourable health outcomes and functional decline. This pilot study's objectives were (a) to test the reliability of the Elderly Nutrition Screening Tool (ENS©) when administered by dietician-trained and supervised nutrition volunteers, and (b) to explore the feasibility of volunteers' doing nutrition screening and intervention for home-bound older adults receiving home care services. Both participating clients (n= 29) and volunteers (n= 15) were community-dwelling older adults. Volunteers met with participating clients, assessed nutritional risk with the ENS©, provided nutritional education, and developed and helped implement intervention plans. To assess ENS©inter-rater reliability, we compared results obtained by nutrition volunteers and a dietician. Agreement was high (≥80%) for most items but was higheramongvolunteers thanbetweenvolunteers and the dietician. We conclude that nutrition volunteers can assist in screening and educating older adults regarding nutritional risks, but intervention is best left to professionals.
Volunteers' Experiences Visiting the Cognitively Impaired in Nursing Homes: A Friendly Visiting Program
Authors: Damianakis Thecla , Wagner Laura M. , Bernstein Syrelle , Marziali Elsa 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo challenges facing nursing-home care today are understanding the concept ofquality of lifeas it relates to cognitively impaired residents and finding effective ways to ensure that it is achieved. Canadian director Allan King's documentary,Memory for Max, Claire, Ida and Company, filmed at Baycrest, captures a method for enhancing the quality of life of six cognitively impaired residents. While the film suggests an intervention model implemented by volunteers, there are challenges unique to institution-based programs (i.e., the recruitment and retention of volunteers). One of the challenges is the fear that volunteers may experience when interacting with the cognitively impaired. We conducted a pilot study of a model for training volunteers to providefriendly visitingand evaluated the impact on the participating residents. Observational accounts of volunteer–resident interactions and seven volunteer interviews were analysed and yielded several themes—(a) relationship building, (b) contribution of the environment, (c) preserving personhood, (d) resident-centred presence and the quality of the moment—and several themes related to the volunteers' role and their perceived impact on the residents. Discussed are the implications for volunteer programs in long-term health care settings.
A quantitative and descriptive approach to morphological variation of the endocranial base in modern humans
Authors: Bruner Emiliano , Ripani Maurizio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe cranial base is one of the major foci of interest in functional craniology. The evolution and morphogenesis of this structure are still poorly known and rather controversial because of multifactorial influences and polyphasic stages. Endocranial dynamics are associated anteriorly with the upper facial structures, laterally with the mandibular system and midsagittally with brain development. In the present study, we investigated the endocranial morphology of modern humans using 3D landmark‐based approaches, i.e. geometric morphometrics and Euclidean distance matrix analysis. The structure of endocranial variation is poorly integrated, with only weak reciprocal influences among the three fossae. Some major variations are associated with changes in the posterior fossa, with possible consequences on the anterior areas. These main patterns of integration are hypothesized to be influenced by the connective tensors of the dura layers. Static allometry and sex differences are largely related to the ontogenetic sequences, characterized by early maturation of the anterior fossa with respect to the middle and posterior regions (i.e., relatively shorter posterior part of the planum sphenoideum and vertical lengthening of the clivus in males). The relative independence between the endocranial fossae, as well as their structural connection through the meningeal tensors, must be carefully considered in studies on the evolutionary dynamics, since they lead to mosaic changes through phylogeny. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heterocyclic Carbenes: Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Hahn F. Ekkehardt , Jahnke Mareike C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe chemistry of heterocyclic carbenes has experienced a rapid development over the last years. In addition to the imidazolin‐2‐ylidenes, a large number of cyclic diaminocarbenes with different ring sizes have been described. Aside from diaminocarbenes, P‐heterocyclic carbenes, and derivatives with only one, or even no heteroatom within the carbene ring are known. New methods for the synthesis of complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands such as the oxidative addition or the metal atom template controlled cyclization of β‐functionalized isocyanides have been developed recently. This review summarizes the new developments regarding the synthesis of N‐heterocyclic carbenes and their metal complexes.
Three‐Residue Turns in α/β‐Peptides and Their Application in the Design of Tertiary Structures
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Nagendar Pendem , Ramakrishna Kallaganti V. S. , Chandramouli Nagula , Choudhary Madavi , Kunwar Ajit C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new three‐residue turn was serendipitously discovered in α/β hybrid peptides derived from alternating C‐linked carbo‐β‐amino acids (β‐Caa) and L‐Ala residues. The three‐residue β‐α‐β turn at the C termini, nucleated by a helix at the N termini, resulted in helix‐turn (HT) supersecondary structures in these peptides. The turn in the HT motif is stabilized by two H bonds—CO(i−2)–NH(i), with a seven‐membered pseudoring (γ turn) in the backward direction, and NH(i−2)–CO(i), with a 13‐membered pseudoring in the forward direction (i being the last residue)—at the C termini. The study was extended to generalize the new three‐residue turn (β‐α‐β) by using different α‐ and β‐amino acids. Furthermore, the HT motifs were efficiently converted, by an extension with helical oligomers at the C termini, into peptides with novel helix‐turn‐helix (HTH) tertiary structures. However, this resulted in the destabilization of the β‐α‐β turn with the concomitant nucleation of another three‐residue turn, α‐β‐β, which is stabilized by 11‐ and 15‐membered bifurcated H bonds. Extensive NMR spectroscopic studies were carried out to delineate the secondary and tertiary structures in these peptides, which are further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) investigations.
In‐situ‐Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit von Brücken
Authors: Gebbeken Norbert , Baumhauer Andreas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn der Universität der Bundeswehr München wird derzeit an einem Projekt gearbeitet, das sich mit der schnellen Abschätzung der Tragfähigkeit bestehender Brückentragwerke befasst. Die Erkundung und Klassifizierung einer Brücke darf dabei maximal drei Tage dauern. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass Bauunterlagen nicht mehr zur Verfügung stehen, wird dazu ein Hilfsmittel entwickelt. Das Lösungskonzept basiert auf den drei Teil schritten Brückenerkundung, Tragfähigkeitsberechnung und Brückenverhaltensmessung. Bei der Brückenerkundung müssen die für die Berechnung relevanten Parameter der Brücke – im wesentlichen Geometrieparameter und Materialparameter – erfasst werden. Die Brückenerkundung wird über ein Expertensystem gesteuert. Die Tragfähigkeitsberechnung wird ebenfalls computerunterstützt durchgeführt. Brückenverhaltensmessungen dienen zur Qualitätsbeurteilung der Erkundungsdaten und des Berechnungsmodells der Tragkonstruktion. Das in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte System ist offen für Erweiterungen. Derzeit wird an der Entwicklung eines Einstufungsverfahrens beschädigter Brücken gearbeitet.
Konzept und FE‐Modellierung zum Nachweis der erforderlichen Ankerlänge
Authors: Perau Eugen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEs werden Untersuchungen für ein Verfahren zum Nachweis der erforderlichen Ankerlänge bei rückverankerten Baugrubenwänden mit der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode (FEM) vorgestellt. Anhand eines Beispiels wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Art, den Verpressk, örper zu modellieren, auf die berechneten Sicherheitswerte hat. Neben der Ankerlänge wird gleichzeitig auch die Feinheit des FEM‐Netzes variiert, um auch den Einfluss von Interface‐Elementen am Verpresskörper auf die Abhängigkeit der Berechnungsergebnisse von der Netzfeinheit bewerten zu können.Diskutiert wird, ob Berechnungen zum Nachweis der erforderlichen Ankerlänge mit der FEM auch im ebenen Formänderungszustand (2D) durchgeführt werden können und wie der Fehler gegenüber der 3D‐Realität mittels rechnerischer Kürzung der Anker ausgeglichen werden kann.Es schließen sich Betrachtungen zur Behandlung der unvermeidlichen Unsicherheiten beim Nachweis der erforderlichen Ankerlänge an; diese Betrachtungen lassen sich auch für einen solchen FEM‐gestützten Nachweis verwenden.Abschließend wird ein detailliertes Konzept für den Nachweis der erforderlichen Ankerlänge auf Basis der FEM vorgestellt, welches die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten Beispielrechnungen sowie die vorangegangenen Überlegungen zu den Unsicherheiten aufnimmt.