bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of an anti‐HCV core peptide ELISA
Authors: Bresters D. , Reesink H. W. , Cuypers H. T. M. , Jansen P. L. M. , Mauser‐Bunschoten E. P. , van der Poel C. L. , Lelie P. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA newly developed antibody assay based on a synthetic peptide of 15 amino acids derived from the core region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome was evaluated in serum and plasma panels of (A) 225 haemophiliacs and (B) 44 patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis, and in (C) sequential serum samples of 9 patients with transfusion transmitted HCV infection. The new anti‐core peptide ELISA was compared with the anti‐C100 ELISA. For confirmation of HCV infection, samples were tested in a 4‐antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4‐RIBA) and samples of panels B and C were also assayed in cDNA‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In two panels with a high prevalence of HCV infection (88.4 and 70.5% in haemophilia and NANB hepatitis patients, respectively), the sensitivity of the anti‐core peptide ELISA did not differ significantly from the sensitivity of the anti‐C100 ELISA. The sensitivity of the new assay as compared with the anti‐C100 assay was found to be 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78–0.89] versus 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) in haemophilia patients and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.52–0.86) versus 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66–0.95) in NANB hepatitis patients. In sequential serum samples of patients with transfusion‐transmitted HCV infection antibodies to the core peptide (in 6/9 patients) appeared later than antibodies to C100 (in 7/9 patients): 168 (range: 70–322) and 143 (range: 59–365) days after transfusion, respectively. We conclude that although the experimental anti‐HCV assay is based on a single linear epitope from the HCV core region the assay is almost as sensitive for diagnosing HCV infection as the first‐generation anti‐C100 assay. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis C viraemia rebound after “successful” interferon therapy in patients with chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis
Authors: Garson J. A. , Brillanti S. , Ring C. , Perini P. , Miglioli M. , Barbara L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for hepatitis C viral RNA (HCV‐RNA) was used to monitor viraemia levels in six patients at multiple time points before, during, and after interferon therapy for chronic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (NANBH). Prior to therapy, serum HCV‐RNA was detected in all patients at approximately 104‐105 HCV genomes/ml. HCV viraemia became undetectable within 1 month of commencing interferon in three of the five patients whose alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased to normal on therapy. In the remaining two responder patients, viraemia levels declined more slowly, becoming undetectable after a period of several months. Recurrence of viraemia during therapy was observed in two cases. The one patient whose serum ALT levels remained elevated throughout therapy showed no decline in viraemia. On stopping interferon after a 6 months course, HCV genome titres climbed rapidly in all patients, reaching higher levels than had been observed prior to therapy. Biochemical relapse occurred within 7 months of ending interferon treatment in all but one of the patients who demonstrated this viraemia “rebound” phenomenon. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C by continuous subcutaneous infusion of interferon‐alpha
Authors: Carreño Vicente , Tapia Luis , Ryff Jean‐Charles , Quiroga Juan Antonio , Castillo Inmaculada 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effectiveness of a daily continuous infusion of interferon‐alpha was evaluated in 12 patients (10 males, 2 females; mean age of 33 years, range 19–62) with biopsy‐proven chronic active hepatitis C. Nine million units (MU) of recombinant interferon‐alpha 2A (rIFN‐α 2A) were administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion with a portable syringe pump, Graseby model MS 16A, for 24 h over 28 days. A significant decrease (P < 0.01) in median serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was observed after the first week of treatment (96 IU/L, range 58–263) with respect to the pre‐treatment values (188 IU/L, range 119–670). ALT became normal in four patients only by the fourth week. When IFN was interrupted, an increase in ALT was observed in all patients (1.5 to 5 times the pre‐treatment values). The maximum decrease in ALT coincided with a significant increase in serum levels of the enzyme 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate (2‐5A) synthetase (two to fourteen times the pretreatment values) and these parameters were inverse‐correlated (r = −0.598, P < 0.05). 2‐5A synthetase levels returned to pre‐treatment values after discontinuing IFN administration. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (as detected by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers of the NS5 region) was positive in all cases, remaining so during the treatment period. IgM antibody to HCV (as tested by ELISA) was present in 10112 cases at baseline without changes throughout the study. No irreversible side effects were noted during therapy, which needed to modify the schedule. We conclude that the continuous infusion of 9 MU rIFN‐α 2A/24 h for 1 month is well tolerated by patients with chronic hepatitis C and normalizes ALT levels; although if HCV‐RNA remains detectable at the end of treatment, a rebound in ALT will take place. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endonuclease analyses of DNA of human herpesvirus‐6 isolated from blood before and after bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Nakashima Toshihiko , Asano Yoshizo , Suga Sadao , Yazaki Takehiko , Kojima Seiji , Mukai Tetsu , Yamanishi Koichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree strains of human herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a leukemic child with the antibody of HHV‐6 before and after bone marrow transplantation (BMT); two strains were obtained before BMT and one after BMT. The DNA extracted from the three isolates was analyzed by six different restriction endonucleases. The cleavage profiles of two strains obtained before BMT were different, but the third strain isolated after BMT was identical with one of the two, which suggest reactivation of HHV‐6 from the recipient's own body after BMT and possible mutation or superinfection of the virus in an immunocompromized patient. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with argentine hemorrhagic fever as effectors of antibody‐dependent cell‐cytotoxicity
Authors: Ambrosio Ana M. , Gamboa Graciela S. , Feuillade María R. , Briggiler Ana M. , Rimoldi M. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) of patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF) were tested as effectors (E) of antibody‐dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). 51Cr labeled chicken red blood cells (CRBC) coated with anti‐CRBC or normal rabbit serum were used as targets (T).Three ADCC assays were performed with both effectors from patients: on admission (I), 4 days after the transfusion of immune plasma (II), and 30 days after the clinical onset (III). The ADCC values obtained displayed high variation between individuals. From the linear portions in the curves representing specific 51Cr release vs. E:T ratio plots, extrapolations were made t o determine lytic units (LU), defined here as effector concentrations required t o lyse 50% of the targets. The results were expressed as LU in 106 effector cells.The killing activity ranges of patients' PMNL (I = 1.04 ± 0.34; II = 2.22 ± 0.66; and III = 2.08 ± 1.18) were not significantly different from that of 21 normal controls (1.19 ± 0.361), except for range II (P < 0.01 1).ADCC activity ranges of patients' PBMC (I = 3.40 ± 1.06; II = 3.16 ± 1.60; and III = 1.93 ± 0.42) were not significantly different from that determined in 12 healthy subjects (1.86 ± 0.40).These results demonstrate that patients' PBMC and PMNL can perform ADCC with efficiency comparable to normal effector cells, during the acute period of AHF, and in early convalescence. Consequently, ADCC can be a relevant mechanism in the clearance of Junin virus‐infected cells.
Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A activate hepatitis B virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Bouffard Pascal , Lamelin Jean‐Pierre , Zoulim Fabien , Lepot Daniel , Trepo Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 25 patients with chronic hepatitis B were tested for the presence of free monomeric hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA migrating as a single 3.2 Kb band by Southern blot analysis. The PBMC were cultured for 7 days in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (ConA) both of which yielded a proliferative response. By contrast, both bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin 2 (IL2) failed to do so. Dot blot assays were used to monitor HBV DNA level increase within PBMC. Following mitogen exposure HBV DNA levels increased above pre‐stimulation levels in 19/25 PHA cultures, 6/15 ConA cultures, 1/15 LPS cultures, and 1/15 IL2 cultures.In 15 patients, Southern blot analysis was carried out before and after PHA exposure. In 13/15 cases, a single 3.2 Kb band was observed in un‐stimulated cultures as well as in PHA cultures even though PHA induced a HBV DNA increase. One case exhibited bands migrating faster than the 3.2 Kb signal, compatible with replicating intermediates and one case provided evidence of viral concatemers within PBMC after PHA stimulation. No HBV DNA was detected in the culture supernatants. The increase of HBV DNA level in PBMC induced by mitogen was strongly associated with an increase in HBV DNA expression (HBV RNA and HBs antigen). These studies indicate that HBV DNA present in human PBMC does represent a potential reservoir for infection with endogenous reactivation following PBMC activation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA by competitive polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Kaneko Shuichi , Murakami Seishi , Unoura Masashi , Kobayashi Kenichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSince the amount of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA might be correlated with the degree of severity of hepatitis and response to treatment, quantitation of HCV RNA in serum was established using competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Known amounts of a plasmid containing HCV‐cDNA were co‐amplified with a standard dilution series of a competitive template which shared the primers' sequences but differed from the wild type cDNA in having a deletion. Accurate quantitation was obtained by comparing the amount of both products. Quantitation of serum HCV RNA was carried out in two patients' serum samples which were also used to infect chimpanzees. The concentration of HCV RNA in these two sera was calculated to be 1 pg/ml (non‐infectious at 10−3dilution) and 1–10 pg/ml (infectious at 10−5dilution). The procedure was subsequently used to analyze serial changes in serum HCV RNA in three patients who were treated with a‐interferon. During treatment, the levels of ala‐nine aminotransferase showed a significant decrease in all patients and the amount of HCV RNA fell from 1 fg/ml, 1 pg/ml, and >10 pg/ml to 0.1 fg/ml, 100 fg/ml, and 1 pg/ml, respectively. The decrease in the amount of HCV RNA after treatment was related to the initial amount of serum HCV RNA. These results suggest that quantitation of HCV RNA may be useful not only for understanding the course of HCV infection but also for evaluating treatment for HCV infection. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of human herpesvirus‐6 DNA by polymerase chain reaction in serum or plasma
Authors: Huang Li‐Min , Kuo Pei‐Fen , Lee Chin‐Yun , Chen Jen‐Yang , Liu Mei‐Ying , Yang Czau‐Siung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) is a newly identified human pathogen. Currently clinicians rely mainly on blood lymphocyte culture and serological tests to diagnose HHV‐6 infection. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the plasma or sera of patients to determine the value of PCR in the diagnosis of HHV‐6 infection. A total of 30 patients entered the study; 10 were experiencing acute HHV‐6 infections and 20 were healthy and served as controls. HHV‐6 DNA was detected by PCR in the serum or plasma of the 10 cases with acute HHV‐6 infections. All 20 controls had no HHV‐6 DNA in their sera. The time for serum to become PCR‐positive coincided with the appearance of IgG HHV‐6 antibody. The relatively late presence of HHV‐6 DNA in serum might result from late lysis of infected cells by immune responses. It is concluded that detection of HHV‐6 DNA by PCR in the serum is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of acute and/or active viral infection. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistence of hepatitis B virus DNA after reduction of viral replication in serum and liver
Authors: Molina Josefina , Bartolomé Javier , Moraleda Gloria , Ruiz‐Moreno Mercedes , Rua Maria José , Moreno Alberto , Carreno Vicente 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLiver and serum samples from 67 children with hepatitis B chronic infection, whether or not treated with recombinant interferon, were analyzed for the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA. After follow‐up, 44/67 (66%) still had serum and liver viral DNA; 23/67 (34%) were negative for serum hepatitis B virus DNA. Of the 23 children in the latter group, liver biopsy was available in 21 and viral DNA was not detected by Southernblot in 20. In the remaining patient, viral DNA was in an episomal nonreplicative form. Polymerase chain reaction was performed in the 21 serum samples negative for viral DNA by conventional techniques and in the 21 liver samples (20 negative for hepatitis B virus DNA and 1 with episomal nonreplicative form). All liver samples resulted i n a positive reaction t o viral DNA by this technique. Serum viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction was detected in 15/21 (71%) of these patients. The mean of alanine aminotransferase values was similar in patients with or without hepatitis B virus DNA in serum by polymerase chain reaction. In summary, in the majority of the patients who respond to the therapy, there is a persistence of viral replication detected by polymerase chain reaction. This fact explains the persistence of serum HBsAg in these patients. However, more studies are necessary to determine the meaning of the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA that is only detectable by polymerase chain reaction. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic variation among herpes simplex virus type 1 strains: Virus DNA analysis of isolates from saudi patients
Authors: Al‐Ahdal Mohammed N. , Kessie George , Taha Mohamed A. , Al‐Shammary Fahad J. , Ettayebi Mohamed 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFifty‐two clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) from Saudi Arabian patients were analysed by restriction endonuclease digestion of the virus DNA using the enzymes Hindlll and BarnHI, followed by hybridization with 32P labelled DNA of laboratory strain F. Of the isolates, 17 were resolved into four distinct cleavage patterns with HindIII restriction enzyme. The remaining 35 strains had the same cleavage pattern as the standard HSV‐1‐F. Further investigation of the 52 isolates with BarnHI, which is a multicut enzyme and therefore capable of higher resolution, differentiated 47 of the 52 isolates and were assigned into nine cleavage groups. Comparing our findings with similar studies reported elsewhere suggest geographic clustering of HSV‐1 strains. Fragments giving rise to the observed DNA polymorphism were mapped to the unique region of the long and short segments of the genome. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toga virus‐like particles in acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Fagan Elizabeth A. , Ellis David S. , Tovey George M. , Lloyd Graham , Smith Heather M. , Portmann Bernard , Tan Kai‐Chah , Zuckerman Arie J. , Williams Roger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractToga virus‐like particles (typically 60‐70 nm: enveloped with small surface spikes) were detected in the native hepatectomy specimens in 7 of 18 patients grafted for acute liver failure attributed to sporadic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis and in 2 patients grafted for fulminant hepatitis attributed to anti‐epileptic drug hepatotoxicity. These particles were not detected in the hepatectomies from 12 other patients grafted for other causes of acute liver failure, 12 for various chronic liver diseases, and 2 histologically normal livers.Acute hepatic failure, characterized histologically by severe haemorrhagic necrosis, developed 7 days after grafting in 5 patients, all in the non‐A, non‐B group with toga virus‐like particles in native liver. Similar virus‐like particles were detected in all grafts and were in greater abundance than in the native livers. The agent may be novel because pre‐ and post‐grafting sera were negative for antibodies against representative panels of arboviruses and in first and second generation antibody tests for hepatitis C virus. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current seroepidemiology of hepatitis D virus infection among hepatitis B surface antigen carriers of general and high‐risk populations in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chien‐Jen , Tseng Su‐Feng , Lu Chih‐Feng , Lin Hwa‐Chen , You San‐Lin , Chen Chang‐Sheng , Hwang Shih‐Jen , Hsieh Su‐Fen , Hsu Shu‐Tao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn order to assess the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in Taiwan where hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hyperendemic, a total of 756 voluntary blood donors, 641 prostitutes, 1,014 patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and 628 drug abusers were studied. Radioimmunoassays were used for testing HBV infection markers and antibody against HDV (anti‐HDV) among HBsAg carriers. The anti‐HDV prevalence among HBsAg carriers was significantly higher in STD patients (9.6%), prostitutes (33.1%), and drug abusers (68.1%) than in blood donors from the general population (2.2%). The prevalence gradually increased with age in blood donors and STD patients, but reached a plateau at a young age in prostitutes and drug abusers. Males had a higher prevalence than females in blood donors (2.7% vs. 0), STD patients (8.2% vs. 7.5%), and drug abusers (69.0% vs. 57.1%), but the difference was not statistically significant. STD patients with syphilis had a higher prevalence (19.5%) than those affected with non‐ulcerating STDs (5.3%). While unlicensed prostitutes had a lower prevalence (1 3.6%) than licensed prostitutes (44.9%), intravenous drug abusers had a higher prevalence (73.1%) than non‐intravenous drug abusers (34.6%). There was a twofold increase in anti‐HDV prevalence from 1986 to 1989 among prostitutes, but the prevalence remained unchanged in the general population and drug abusers. HDV infection remains limited to the high‐risk groups and spread mainly by promiscuity and needle sharing in Taiwan. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Passive immunizations of suckling mice and infants with bovine colostrum containing antibodies to human rotavirus
Authors: Ebina Takusaburo , Ohta Minoru , Kanamaru Yoshihiro , Yamamoto‐Osumi Yoshiko , Baba Koichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAfter immunizing 8‐month pregnant Holstein cows with the human rotavirus MO strain, cow colostrum containing neutralizing antibody to four different serotypes of human rotavirus, designated Rota colostrum, was obtained. Oral inoculation of human rotavirus MO strain into 5‐day‐old BALB/c mice causes gastroenteritis characterized by diarrhea. Using this small animal model, passive protection of suckling mice against human rotavirus infection was achieved with the use of Rota colostrum. Rota colostrums completely protected against rotavirus infection, but purified IgG and IgA obtained from Rota colostrum were unable to protect against infection. After grouping randomly 20 infants from a baby care center, 10 infants received 20 ml of Rota colostrum per day for 2 weeks and 10 control infants did not. Rotavirus‐associated diarrhea developed in 7 of 10 infants in the control group. None of the three infants in the every day recipient group of Rota colostrum had such symptoms, and one of three infants in the every other day recipient group developed rotavirus‐induced diarrhea. All four infants who received Rota colostrum after symptoms appeared developed diarrhea. Oral administration of Rota colostrum seems to be an effective and safe means of preventing diarrhea caused by human rotavirus infection. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coxsackievirus B4 infection alters thymic, splenic, and peripheral lymphocyte repertoire preceding onset of hyperglycemia in mice
Authors: Chatterjee Nando K. , Hou Jun , Dockstader Pamela , Charbonneau Tina 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiabetogenic Coxsackievirus B4 infection may trigger autoimmune islet loss in diabetes‐susceptible mice, resulting in hyperglycemia in nearly 90% of the animals at 6–8 weeks postinfection (p.i.). To ascertain whether changes in lymphocyte repertoire following infection could predispose these animals to diabetes, alterations in their thymic, splenic, and peripheral lymphocytes were analyzed. Additionally, lymphocyte changes were correlated with the virus load in these tissues and with lymphocyte migration to the inflammatory pancreas. Splenic B lymphocytes more than doubled at 72 hr p.i. and then continuously decreased by 16% of the noninfected controls at 8 weeks p.i. T lymphocytes (CD4+ + CD8+) decreased by about 50% at 72 hr and then increased to the control level by 8 weeks p.i.; CD8 subset continuously decreased by 40% of the control at 8 weeks, resulting in a 67% increase in CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Macrophages and CD5+B subset increased at 72 hr and then dipped by 93% and 84%, respectively, at 8 weeks. In contrast, peripheral B lymphocytes increased by 74% and T lymphocytes decreased by 11% a t 8 weeks p.i. Macrophages increased by twofold at 72 hr and then dipped slightly (6%) at 8 weeks, whereas CD5+B subset increased by 245%. Most prominent thymic T lymphocyte alteration was reflected by about 150% increase in CD4− CD8− cells at 8 weeks p.i. The peak viremia occurred at 72 hr p.i., with highest and lowest virus in the spleen and thymus, respectively. The thymus cleared virus by 3 days, the other tissues by 7 days. lnsulitis and acinar necrosis followed infection; infiltrating lymphocytes were mostly CD4−. Virus‐induced abnormal lymphocyte maturation may contribute to the development of insulitis and hyperglycemia. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HTLV‐I infection in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)
Authors: Kawai H. , Inui T. , Kashiwagi S. , Tsuchihashi T. , Masuda K. , Kondo A. , Niki S. , Iwasa M. , Saito S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo investigate the possible relationship of HTLV‐I virus infection to autoimmune thyroid disease, we examined, firstly, the frequency of HTLV‐I seropositivity among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and, secondly, the frequency of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in patients with HTLV‐I associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Of 144 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the Tokushima and Kochi Prefectures, Japan, 9 (6.3%) were positive for serum HTLV‐I virus antibody 2 of whom were confirmed histologically to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This percentage is significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the estimated prevalence (2.2%) of HTLV‐I carriers among the general population in this region. Of 9 patients with HAM/TSP, 3 (33.3%), including 2 biopsy‐proven cases, had evidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This proportion is apparently much higher than the prevalence (1.7%) of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the general population. These findings suggest that HTLV‐I virus may be related to the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.