bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of laundering on the sun protection afforded by a summer weight garment
Authors: Stanford Duncan G. , Georgouras Katherine E. , Pailthorpe Michael T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAim To determine what effect a period of prolonged washing and drying of a garment would have on the photoprotection afforded by the fabric of that garment.Materials and Methods Five pure cotton T‐shirts from the same production lot were subjected to 36 consecutive standard washes. The fabric sun protection factors (SPFs) calculated from spectrophotometric UVR transmission data for samples taken from each garment after use were compared with those of control samples taken from the same garment prior to the study.Results There was a significant increase in fabric SPF after one wash in all shirts with no further change in 4 of 5 shirts after a further 35 washes.Conclusion The effect on fabric SPF of the first wash can account for most of the effect on fabric SPF of wash and wear in the use of a garment. The SPF rating of a pure cotton garment as new is valid for the standard lifetime of that garment.
Axillary hyperpigmentation with 5‐fluorouracil/cis‐platinum combination therapy
Authors: Thomas P. , Kind P. , Dathe O. , Ruzicka Th. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAdverse reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs are usually classified as cytotoxic reactions, hypersensitivity phenomena or reactions related to immunomodulatory drugs. We present a patient with patterned hyperpigmentation in both axillary regions after 5‐fluorouracil/carboplatin combination therapy. From the cutaneous aspect and the histological examination we suspect that this was caused by a toxic effect of the drugs excreted in the sweat. The occluding condition of the axillary region may have acted as aggravating factor.
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in an American soldier in Europe
Authors: Libow Lester F. , Lum George H. , Jackson Jeffrey L. , Zaenglein James 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA 25‐year‐old black man had a 7‐month history of draining chest wall abscesses. Potassium hydroxide examination of abscess drainage revealed numerous spherules with doubly refractile walls. Although uncommon, a diagnosis of nonendemic coccidioidomycosis should be considered in cases of atypical cutaneous infections in highly mobile persons.
Continuing medical education: quality assurance and certification by the EADV
Authors: Frentz Gerda 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) prioritises the provision of high quality continuing medical education (CME) to its members.The European Union of Medical Specialists (LJEMS) is currently establishing European Boards of the individual medical specialities to monitor and ensure high professional standards of European medical specialists and harmonisation among member nations. Within the next Few years, national and supra‐national authorities in Europe are expected to request documentation of participation in continuing medical education from physicians in order to maintain their full specialist competence, analogous to the conditions now pertaining in the US. In Belgium, participation in CME is mandatory for standard appointments with the health insurance.The EADV has developed procedures for quality assurance of the CME activities for the 3rd EADV congress in Copenhagen 1993, and the Skin Therapy Update Symposium in Crete 1994, using participant evaluation of the scientific programme. Following these meetings the EADV has issued individual certificates to the participants, documenting their CME activities. The results of the programme evaluation indicate a high standard of CME at the above meetings.The EADV wishes to develop as a competent sponsor of CME activities, to offer extensive membership service in this field, and to administer recognition of EADV‐CME accreditation to other bodies.
New methods in diagnostic and epidemiological research of Chlamydia trachomatis infections: the tide is turning molecular
Authors: Ossewaarde J.M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective The aim of this review is to provide a primer on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology for the clinical diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Two main applications are reviewed: detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in clinical specimens For diagnosis, and genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis for epidemiological purposes.Background Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the major causes of sexually transmitted diseases throughout the world. Laboratory techniques to establish a definitive diagnosis have been hampered by a lack of sensitivity. This review describes the state of the art of the application of polymerase chain reaction based assays to the diagnosis and epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infections.Results The basic principles of PCR assays are described. General guide‐lines for collecting specimens are reviewed. The application of home‐made PCR‐based assays and of the commercially available Amplieor assay in laboratory diagnosis is described. The first results of the application of LCR assays are mentioned. Comments arc made on the interpretation of the results and on the importance of quality assessment. Finally. PCR‐based techniques for genotyping of clinical isolates in epidemiological studies are described.Conclusion The introduction of specific DNA amplification methods provides new ways to implement laboratory diagnosis and enhances our insights in the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. At this moment PCR‐based assays are probably the most sensitive assays for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis available. Application of PCR‐based assays might yield higher prevalences of Chlamydia trachomatis infections than currently recognized. Application of PCR‐based genotyping methods will reveal more useful epidemiological data and will unravel more precisely existing sexual networks.
Nucleolus organizer regions as useful proliferation markers in hyperproliferative epidermal lesions
Authors: Heinisch G. , Barth J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAim To study the suitability of the AgNOR technique for the determination of epidermal proliferative activity in hyperproliferative epidermal lesions.Background Nucleolus organizer regions are nuclear DNA segments of ribosomal genes, which can he visualized in histological sections by using a silver staining technique. Several studies in different tumors have demonstrated that the determination of AgNOR expression makes it possible to obtain precise information on cellular proliferative activity.Methods We investigated the epidermal AgNOR behavior in silver‐stained sections of different non‐neoplastic hyperproliferative epidermal lesions by image analysis.Results Psoriatic lesions showed the highest AgNOR expression, the lowest AgNOR status was found in senile atrophic epidermis. Acute‐exanthematic psoriasis could be distinguished significantly from chronic plaque‐type psoriasis. The AgNOR status of lichen planus and verrucous epidermal naevi corresponded to that of normal epidermis. We found a significant correlation with the values of PCNA expression. For analysis of AgNOR expression the count in the basal cell layer is sufficient.Conclusions The AgNOR technique is suitable for estimation of epidermal proliferative activity of hyperproliferative epidermal disorders. The method is easy and can he successfully used in paraffin‐embedded tissues.
Topical interferon alpha in atopic eczema
Authors: Cremer Brigitte , Kohlmus Corinna , Czarnetzki Beate M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground On the basis of experimental and clinical data, interferon α might improve pathological alterations in atopic eczema. Systemic treatment with this drug is however cumbersome and fraught with side effects.Objective Since most patients with atopic eczema have only localized disease, we have decided to study the effect of topically applied interferon α in this disease.Design A pilot study was performed on 10 patients, using a single‐blind, within‐patient comparison. An interferon‐α2a gel formulation (150000 IU/g) was studied against triamcinolone acetonide liquor carbonis detergens and bland cremes or gels with a twice daily application to the anticubital fossae over 10 days. Biopsies were taken from 3 patients for evaluation of treatment‐induced histopathological changes.Results Improvement of eczema occurred most rapidly with triamcinolone whereas interferon α was as effective as other treatments and vehicle alone. No effect on pruritus was noted with any patient. Only two patients considered interferon α better than liquor carbonis detergens or bland cremes respectively. Mast cell numbers were elevated in all patient biopsies and were lower on the triamcinolone‐treated site in only one patient.Conclusion Short‐term treatment with topically applied interferon α is thus ineffective in atopic eczema.
Longitudinal white streaks of fingernails: a useful clinical marker in genital verrucoid Hailey‐Hailey disease
Authors: Meawad Osama B. , Assaf Hasan M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAmong the atypical variants of Familial benign chronic pemphigus (FBCP) is the genital verrucoid variety. This condition is often misdiagnosed as condyloma accuminata. We present a case of a genital verrucoid variant of Hailey‐Hailey disease that was initially mistaken for condyloma accuminata. Multiple asymptomatic white bands in more than one fingernail were the first clue in diagnosing the condition, which was confirmed histopathologically. This nail marker may antedate any other cutaneous manifestation of FBCP. Nail examination for longitudinal leukonychia of fingernails might be of help in diagnosing atypical cases of Hailey‐Hailey disease.
Sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy
Authors: Dimian C.O. , Bingham J.S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe spectrum of the sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has expanded over the years. As they occur in the sexually active during reproductive years, they can affect pregnancy and its outcome, maternal health and the neonate. While morbidity affects both mother and child, maternal mortality is rare, but death can result in the baby. Those providing care to pregnant women should be aware of the presence and risks of these infections in pregnancy and consider screening those perceived as being at high risk.
The response to ultraviolet radiation and delayed hypersensitivity in Celts with skin cancer
Authors: Long C.C. , Marks R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground The reasons for the apparent increased risk of skin cancer in Celts are unclear, but it is possible that Celts possess more risk factors than non‐Celts.Aims To determine whether Celts differ from non‐Celts with respect of cutaneous response to UVR, and tests of cell mediated immunity.Methods The MED of UVB, degree of clinical photodamage, pigmentation, numbers of peripheral blood T‐lymphocyte sub‐sets, and response to a battery of infra‐dermal antigens were determined in 18 Celts with a history of BCC and 18 age, sex, and skin type matched non‐Celts with a history of BCC. Each was then exposed to 2MED, and biopsies taken of irradiated and non‐irradiated sites at 24 h.Results Celts tended to have a thinner epidermis than the non‐Celts. Following irradiation the epidermal thymidine labelling index in Celts had almost doubled, whereas in non‐Celts it fell slightly. We found no differences in photodamage, freckling, pigmentation, MED, the erythema response to 2MED, numbers of peripheral T‐lymphocytes, or tests of cell mediated immunity.Summary The tendency of Celts to a thinner epidermis and an increased epidermal labelling index following UV irradiation may be a reflection of an increased susceptibility to skin damage following UV exposure.
“Open house” for evaluation of skin tumours. Who seeks advice and for what reasons?
Authors: Bjellerup Mats 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives To study in detail the characteristics of patients attending a screening campaign for detection of malignant melanoma.Background Malignant melanoma is the malignant tumour exhibiting the greatest increase in incidence in most countries.Design On September 15 and 16 1990 an “open house” for evaluation of skin tumours was performed mainly at dermatologic departments throughout Sweden. In the city of Malmö such patients were investigated by dermatologists and oncologists and documented in a more detailed manner than in the national campaign.Subjects 380 patients.Methods Ocular whole body examination for premalignant and malignant skin tumours. Registration of patient characteristics concerning sex, age, reason for attending. Registration of therapeutic action and possible differences between dermatologists and oncologists.Results The median age of attending persons was 67 years probably reflecting the higher prevalence of skin tumours among the elderly. Three quarters of patients sought advice for a specific skin change, in most cases verruca seborrhoica. Several premalignant and malignant non melanoma skin changes were found. Altogether two malignant melanoma were found, both of the thin type and. thus, potentially curable. Dermatologists referred 10.4% of specific skin changes to surgery compared to 30.8% for oncologists.Conclusions The great number of attending patients reveals a great concern about skin tumours among the public. This indicates the need for permanent, easily accessible skin tumour clinics, preferably run by dermatologists, where patients can be evaluated without delay.
Cutaneous angiosarcoma: a novel therapy with liposomal doxorubicin?
Authors: Ockenfels Hans M. , Brockmeyer Norbert H. , Hengge Ulrich , Goos Manfred 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe case of a 65 year old patient with a cutaneous angiosarcoma of the head and facial skin is reported. In contrast to preceding chemo‐and radiation therapies which did not induce any tumor regression, our treatment with liposomal doxorubicin HCL (Doxil®) caused considerable tumor regression. This therapy had to be stopped because of accumulated toxic side effects after multiple chemotherapies. The therapy with liposomal doxorubicin is known to yield good results in the therapy of Aids‐related Kaposi's sarcoma and is usually well tolerated. We assume that liposomal doxorubicin could be an effective chemotherapy compared to the conventional and in most cases only palliative therapies.
Purpuras and related conditions
Authors: Lotti Torello , Ghersetich Ilaria , Comacchi Claudio , Panconesi Emiliano 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPurpuras include a wide spectrum of cutaneous disorders characterized by extravasation of red blood cells into the skin with consequent release of hemoglobin. Various other pigments deriving from heme are subsequently found into the skin within 2‐3 weeks, accounting for the color changes (purple, orange, brown, yellowish, green‐blue) which may occur in most purpuric lesions. Too often the factors leading to these disturbances are obscure. Sometimes they are obscure mainly to the dermato‐venereologist as they are generally considered more pertinent to the field of interest of other specialists, i.e. in hematology or internal medicine. The dermato‐venereologist should be familiar with these cutaneous conditions and, when necessary, cooperate with the hematologist in order to evaluate the cutaneous and extracutaneous signs and symptoms and to schedule the proper systemic and/or topical therapies.Learning objective At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be able to discuss the clinical and histological presentations of purpuric disorders and know which tests should be done to allow proper diagnosis and treatment. The participants should also be aware of the controversies concerning the pathogenesis of some kinds of purpuras (i.e. palpable purpuras), of the evolution of terminology and finally of the different therapeutic options and regimens.
Analysis of the antifungal activity of ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, and ciclopirox olamine against Pityrosporum ouale. A diffusion assay for cultures in solid media
Authors: Squiquera Luis , Plotkin Lilian , Mathov Irina , Galimberti Ricardo , Leoni Juliana 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Recently dandruff has been associated with a local increment in the number of Pityrosporum yeasts. Due to this fact, several anti‐dandruff shampoos containing antifungals have been marketed.Objective We studied the sensitivity of Pityrosporum ovale (PO) to three different groups of antimycotics (ketoconazole, Zn pyrithione, and ciclopirox olamine).Methods /Results The drugs were tested by an inhibition assay in solid medium. Ketoconazole proved to be the most effective drug in inhibiting PO growth in a dose‐dependent fashion. The results of our evaluation revealed that the inhibitory effects of the drugs were ketoconazole > Zn pyrithione > ciclopirox olamine.Conclusion We postulate that the diffusion assay is a reliable medium for evaluating the effectiveness of antifungals contained in anti‐dandruff shampoos.
Treatment of hyper‐IgE dermatitis with interferon‐γ
Authors: Jemec Gregor B.E. , Heidenheim Michael 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Interferon‐γ has been suggested as causal therapy in both hyper‐IgE syndrome and severe atopic dermatitis.Aim To investigate the therapeutic effect of short‐term, low‐dose interferon‐γ both as monotherapy and in combination with topical treatment, in a patient with a variant of the hyper‐IgE syndrome.Method Interferon‐γ was administered subcutaneously (50 μ/m2 X 3 d/w) for 4 weeks. Three regions were studied: hands, flank and feet. The hands were treated with betamethasone‐17–valerate cream and the feet with mupirocin ointment, while the flank was treated only with a moisturizer.Results All regions showed significant reductions of the clinical scores (0.0001 < P < 0.0280), but hands and feet showed significantly greater reduction than Hank (P < 0.004).Conclusions The results suggest that short‐term, low‐dose interferon‐γ treatment is a potentially useful therapy in hyper‐IgE syndrome dermatitis when used in combination with topical mupirocin or a steroid.
Undesirable effects from latex gloves in hospital health‐care personnel
Authors: Stingeni Luca , Lapomarda Vincenzo , Lisi Paolo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe high incidence of occupational hand dermatitis in hospital employees and the increased number of reports on cutaneous, mucosal and systemic reactions connected with a widespread USE: OF GLOVES induced us to investigate the prevalence of undesirable effects caused by latex gloves and the possible risk factors. We distributed a self‐administered questionnaire, elaborated by us. to 1030 Perugia Monteluce Hospital employees who usually used latex gloves at work. The questionnaire was returned by 922 (476 females and 446 males; mean age. 38.7 years). The subjects who reported atopy and/or undesirable glove reactions were interviewed and clinically examined. Of these, 128 (13.9%) had presented or still had glove problems and therefore were submitted to skin tests (patch and prick tests) and when negative, to use test. Our results showed that the large majority of skin complaints from gloves was caused by irritation rather than by allergy. Predisposing factors of irritant contact dermatitis (CD), which was present in 13.1% of the subjects investigated, were female sex. age under 31 years, cleaning activity mainly when carried out in the Held of internal medicine, and atopie constitution. The most common causative factors, investigated with two substitute latex gloves in 64 of the 120 patients affected by irritant CD, were cornstarch powder and perhaps latex proteins. Even if allergic skin disorders from latex gloves were rare in our unselected group (allergic CD: 0.5%‐, contact urticaria: 0.3%), more attention should be given to IgE‐mediated disorders since they may be a life threatening problem.
A histopathological study of secondary syphilis
Authors: McMillan A. , McQueen A. , McLaren C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives To study the histology of the skin lesions of secondary syphilis.Background Secondary syphilis is becoming less prevalent in developed countries and clinicians not familiar with the condition may resort to biopsy to elucidate the nature of a rash. It is therefore important that Dermatopathologists are aware of the histological features of secondary syphilis.Design Patients with secondary syphilis, who attended clinics held by one of us during a 10 year period and who consented to biopsy, were studied.Subjects Twenty‐eight individuals.Methods Skin biopsies of representative lesions. Routine histological processing.Results The most common finding was that of an erythema multiforme pattern of papillary oedema and perivascular lympho‐histiocytic infiltration (19 cases including the 2 men with HIV infection). The tissue reaction was mild in patients with macular lesions. Focal lichenoid tissue reaction (4 cases), a pseudolymphomatous appearance (1 case), and granuloma formation (3 cases) were noted in other patients. The histology of a condyloma latum was typical.Conclusions Our study serves to emphasise the importance of clinicopathological correlation in the assessment of a skin rash and to remind pathologists of secondary syphilis as an aetiological factor in macular and papular skin lesions. The mimicry of several other conditions confounds the specificity of the changes and shows that syphilis is a theoretical candidate in considering the aetiology of the changes seen. Careful scrutiny of all the histopathological features may permit a relatively refined differential diagnosis to be established and, either prospectively or retrospectively, alert the clinician to the appropriate additional investigative techniques which will allow a sound diagnosis to be attained.
Dyshidrosiform bullous pemphigoid: trigger factors
Authors: Knees‐Matzen S. , Proksch E. , Meigel W.N. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis report presents 2 patients with a rare form of bullous pemphigoid on (heir palms and soles. To date, at least 16 cases of dyshidrosiform pemphigoid have been reported. The first case was accompanied by a bacterial fool infection, the second by contact dermatitis. The possibility that dyshidrosiform bullous pemphigoid was induced by these trigger factors is discussed.
Fibrillar IgA deposition may be associated with atypical dermatitis herpetiformis – a report of two cases
Authors: Vaughan Jones S.A. , Bhogal B.S. , Black M.M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report two cases of known dermatitis herpetiformis (DM) who presented with atypical clinical dermatological features. The first case, a 31‐year‐old woman, presented with an itchy urticated eruption on the abdomen and trunk, while the second case, a 50‐year‐old woman developed a scaly psoriasiform eruption on the extensor aspects of her knees and elbows. In each case, direct immunofluorescence of a perilesional skin biopsy showed a fibrillar pattern of IgA deposition at the basement membrane zone. Pre‐embedding immunoelectron microscopy of these 2 specimens, using a 1 nm gold probe and silver enhancement, showed colloid gold panicle deposition around microfibril bundles in the dermal papillae. Recent studies have shown that fibrillin, a 350 kDa glycoprotein, is also associated with these microfibril bundles.Serological tissue typing in our first case confirmed the presence of HLA‐B8. B18. DR3 and DQw2 antigens consistent with dermatitis herpetiformis. In the second case, there was a notable absence of the antigens B17 and B27 typically found in psoriasis but HLA‐AI, BX and DQ1 antigens were present, as commonly seen in dermatitis herpetiformis. Our findings would suggest that cases of dermatitis herpetiformis with fibrillar IgA deposition at the BMZ on direct IMF may show an atypical clinical presentation. In addition, our imunoelectron microscopy findings may provide a further clue to an ultrastructural abnormality in this disease.