bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inorganic nitrate benefits contrast-induced nephropathy after coronary angiography for acute coronary syndromes: the NITRATE-CIN trial
Authors: Jones Daniel A , Beirne Anne-Marie , Kelham Matthew , Wynne Lucinda , Andiapen Mervyn , Rathod Krishnaraj S , Parakaw Tipparat , Adams Jessica , Learoyd Annastazia , Khan Kamran , Godec Thomas , Wright Paul , Antoniou Sotiris , Wragg Andrew , Yaqoob Muhammad , Mathur Anthony , Ahluwalia Amrita 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), also known as contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) underlies a significant proportion of the morbidity and mortality following coronary angiographic procedures in high-risk patients and remains a significant unmet need. In pre-clinical studies inorganic nitrate, which is chemically reduced in vivo to nitric oxide, is renoprotective but this observation is yet to be translated clinically. In this study, the efficacy of inorganic nitrate in the prevention of CIN in high-risk patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is reported.

Methods
NITRATE-CIN is a double-blind, randomized, single-centre, placebo-controlled trial assessing efficacy of inorganic nitrate in CIN prevention in at-risk patients presenting with ACS. Patients were randomized 1:1 to once daily potassium nitrate (12 mmol) or placebo (potassium chloride) capsules for 5 days. The primary endpoint was CIN (KDIGO criteria). Secondary outcomes included kidney function [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] at 3 months, rates of procedural myocardial infarction, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 12 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03627130.

Results
Over 3 years, 640 patients were randomized with a median follow-up of 1.0 years, 319 received inorganic nitrate with 321 received placebo. The mean age of trial participants was 71.0 years, with 73.3% male and 75.2% Caucasian; 45.9% had diabetes, 56.0% had chronic kidney disease (eGFR &lt;60 mL/min) and the mean Mehran score of the population was 10. Inorganic nitrate treatment significantly reduced CIN rates (9.1%) vs. placebo (30.5%, P &lt; .001). This difference persisted after adjustment for baseline creatinine and diabetes status (odds ratio 0.21, 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.34). Secondary outcomes were improved with inorganic nitrate, with lower rates of procedural myocardial infarction (2.7% vs. 12.5%, P = .003), improved 3-month renal function (between-group change in eGFR 5.17, 95% CI 2.94–7.39) and reduced 1-year MACE (9.1% vs. 18.1%, P = .001) vs. placebo.

Conclusions
In patients at risk of renal injury undergoing coronary angiography for ACS, a short (5 day) course of once-daily inorganic nitrate reduced CIN, improved kidney outcomes at 3 months, and MACE events at 1 year compared to placebo.
Temperature-dependent gene regulatory divergence underlies local adaptation with gene flow in the Atlantic silverside
Authors: Jacobs Arne , Velotta Jonathan P , Tigano Anna , Wilder Aryn P , Baumann Hannes , Therkildsen Nina O 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gene regulatory divergence is thought to play an important role in adaptation, yet its extent and underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive for local adaptation with gene flow. Local adaptation is widespread in marine species despite generally high connectivity and is often associated with tightly linked genomic architectures, such as chromosomal inversions. To investigate gene regulatory evolution under gene flow and the role of inversions associated with local adaptation to a steep thermal gradient, we generated RNA-seq data from Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia) from two locally adapted populations and their F1 hybrids, reared under two temperatures. We found substantial divergence in gene expression and thermal plasticity between populations, with up to 31% of genes being differentially expressed. Reduced thermal plasticity, temperature-dependent gene misexpression, and the disruption of coexpression networks in hybrids point toward a role of regulatory incompatibilities in local adaptation, particularly under colder temperatures. Chromosomal inversions show an accumulation of regulatory incompatibilities but are not consistently enriched for differentially expressed genes. Together, these results suggest that gene regulation can diverge substantially among populations despite gene flow, partly due to the accumulation of temperature-dependent regulatory incompatibilities within inversions.
Dollo Parsimony Overestimates Ancestral Gene Content Reconstructions
Authors: Gàlvez-Morante Alex , Guéguen Laurent , Natsidis Paschalis , Telford Maximilian J , Richter Daniel J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ancestral reconstruction is a widely used technique that has been applied to understand the evolutionary history of gain and loss of gene families. Ancestral gene content can be reconstructed via different phylogenetic methods, but many current and previous studies employ Dollo parsimony. We hypothesize that Dollo parsimony is not appropriate for ancestral gene content reconstruction inferences based on sequence homology, as Dollo parsimony is derived from the assumption that a complex character cannot be regained. This premise does not accurately model molecular sequence evolution, in which false orthology can result from sequence convergence or lateral gene transfer. The aim of this study is to test Dollo parsimony's suitability for ancestral gene content reconstruction and to compare its inferences with a maximum likelihood-based approach that allows a gene family to be gained more than once within a tree. We first compared the performance of the two approaches on a series of artificial data sets each of 5,000 genes that were simulated according to a spectrum of evolutionary rates without gene gain or loss, so that inferred deviations from the true gene count would arise only from errors in orthology inference and ancestral reconstruction. Next, we reconstructed protein domain evolution on a phylogeny representing known eukaryotic diversity. We observed that Dollo parsimony produced numerous ancestral gene content overestimations, especially at nodes closer to the root of the tree. These observations led us to the conclusion that, confirming our hypothesis, Dollo parsimony is not an appropriate method for ancestral reconstruction studies based on sequence homology.
Density structure of Kīlauea volcano: implications for magma storage and transport
Authors: Denlinger Roger P , Flinders Ashton 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYA Bayesian linear regression to determine the bias in the Nafe–Drake relationship between compressional velocity and density provides an improved model for the density structure of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi. In previous work, we combined the results of seismic tomography with the Nafe–Drake relationship between compressional velocity and density to explain the large values of gravity disturbances overlying the summits and rift zones of the island's volcanoes. These results were used to determine mechanisms for gravitational instability of the island flanks. Here, we use laboratory measurements of the relationship of velocity and density for a wide range of Hawaiʻi island rocks as a prior in a Bayesian regression, with seismic tomography, to refine the 3-D density structure for Kīlauea volcano. This refined structure shows dense bodies (3220 kg m−3) between 5 and 8 km below sea level that underly regions of magma storage, found from geodetic and geophysical studies, beneath the summit and East Rift Zone of Kīlauea volcano. Above these bodies, density isosurfaces surround and cradle sources of pressure change determined from geodetic models, both at the summit and along the East Rift Zone. Continued subsidence of the summit following the 2018 eruption is aligned with a bowl-shaped density structure, formed primarily by density isosurfaces between 2800 and 2900 kg m−3 at 4–6 km depth. These surfaces underly the ∼3 km depth at which dyke injection initiates, are largely aseismic, and from their density values are inferred to contain high concentrations of olivine. Taken together, these density structures are consistent with an olivine-rich mush with variable porosity that increases in density with depth and provides a mechanism to form olivine cumulates both at the summit and along the rift zones. This structural framework for Kīlauea volcano is consistent with melt and mush transport occurring over a large range of depths to accommodate the growth and spreading of the volcano.
Evaluation of drying shrinkage effects on the elastic properties of porous sandstones using a modified micromechanical model
Authors: Horikawa T , Katsura M , Nakashima S 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
The effects of pore fluids on the elastic properties of sedimentary rocks can be broadly categorized into two mechanisms: variations in pore compressibility due to the physical properties of the fluids and alterations in the stiffness of the rock frame resulting from rock–fluid interactions. Particularly, as rock–fluid interactions alter the stiffness of contacts between mineral grains, changes in the fluid properties around grain contacts can induce volumetric deformation of the rock as well as in variations of the associated elastic coefficients. Even though many previous studies have explored the influence of swelling of clay minerals, the relationships between changes in elastic moduli and deformation in rocks, which hardly contain swellable minerals, remain to date enigmatic. In this paper, to evaluate quantitatively these effects, drying rates, strains and ultrasonic velocities of small cylindrical Berea sandstone samples were measured as their water saturation was decreased by evaporative drying. The measurements clearly showed drying shrinkage and drastic increases in shear and compressional moduli for all the samples under an almost fully dried condition. Previous studies considered that the alteration in surface energy of grain minerals between wet and dry states affected the contact stiffness between them. Some of them used micromechanical model, uniting the Digby grain contact model with the effective medium theory, to interpret the changes in elastic moduli observed in the non-swellable sandstones during water adsorption on the grain surface. The conventional micromechanical model assumes that a mineral grain is a pure sphere and that the number of contacts between the grains is one. However, grains in a sedimentary rock are generally not purely spherical, and the contact surface is composed of several adhesive asperities. We therefore modified the conventional model by introducing the curvature radius and the number of asperities per contact surface. The modified model well reproduced the shear moduli under wet conditions using the strain and moduli measured under dry conditions. On the other hand, the predictions of the compressional moduli using the model were partially in agreement with the experimental results. Therefore, we attempted to qualitatively interpret the relationship by combining the model with the viscoelastic effect associated with wave-induced fluid flow. The deformation and changes in the elastic moduli of rocks resulting from multiple pore fluids within them can be better understood by the present combined model.
“An island of Jewish autonomous life”: Paul Rosner’s Diary and the Story of the Young Maccabi Movement in Germany
Authors: Corb Noam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
From April to August 1937, Paul Rosner recorded his experiences while attending the Beth Halutz/Maccabi Hatzair boarding school in Berlin, and while participating in the Maccabi youth movement in Germany. Clearly illuminating his personal history in the group, the diary describes daily life, and offers a glimpse into several important events of the Berlin Jewish community, particularly within Zionist circles. This article first covers the history of the Maccabi youth movement, before analyzing the diary’s coverage of various topics including culture, religion, politics, and leisure. Previously, the official writings of the movement’s leaders dominated the narrative of this group, but Rosner’s diary offers a youth’s perspective that is both unique and complex, exploring the movement’s successful attempt to create a parallel Jewish reality for its members during a period of ongoing persecution.
Estimating the impact of bias in causal epidemiological studies: the case of health outcomes following assisted reproduction
Authors: Walker Adrian R , Venetis Christos A , Opdahl Signe , Chambers Georgina M , Jorm Louisa R , Vajdic Claire M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Researchers interested in causal questions must deal with two sources of error: random error (random deviation from the true mean value of a distribution), and bias (systematic deviance from the true mean value due to extraneous factors). For some causal questions, randomization is not feasible, and observational studies are necessary. Bias poses a substantial threat to the validity of observational research and can have important consequences for health policy developed from the findings. The current piece describes bias and its sources, outlines proposed methods to estimate its impacts in an observational study, and demonstrates how these methods may be used to inform debate on the causal relationship between medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and health outcomes, using cancer as an example. In doing so, we aim to enlighten researchers who work with observational data, especially regarding the health effects of MAR and infertility, on the pitfalls of bias, and how to address them. We hope that, in combination with the provided example, we can convince readers that estimating the impact of bias in causal epidemiologic research is not only important but necessary to inform the development of robust health policy and clinical practice recommendations.
Freezing and Mechanical Failure of a Habitat-Forming Kelp in the Rocky Intertidal Zone
Authors: Zuelow Angelina N , Roberts Kevin T , Burnaford Jennifer L , Burnett Nicholas P 
Published: March 2024

Synopsis
Kelp and other habitat-forming seaweeds in the intertidal zone are exposed to a suite of environmental factors, including temperature and hydrodynamic forces, that can influence their growth, survival, and ecological function. Relatively little is known about the interactive effect of temperature and hydrodynamic forces on kelp, especially the effect of cold stress on biomechanical resistance to hydrodynamic forces. We used the intertidal kelp Egregia menziesii to investigate how freezing in air during a low tide changes the kelp’s resistance to breaking from hydrodynamic forces. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test how short-term freezing, mimicking a brief low-tide freezing event, affected the kelp’s mechanical properties. We also characterized daily minimum winter temperatures in an intertidal E. menziesii population on San Juan Island, WA, near the center of the species’ geographic range. In the laboratory, acute freezing events decreased the strength and toughness of kelp tissue by 8–20% (change in medians). During low tides in the field, we documented sub-zero temperatures, snow, and low canopy cover (compared to summer surveys). These results suggest that freezing can contribute to frond breakage and decreased canopy cover in intertidal kelp. Further work is needed to understand whether freezing and the biomechanical performance in cold temperatures influence the fitness and ecological function of kelp and whether this will change as winter conditions, such as freezing events and storms, change in frequency and intensity.
Digital disruption and market structure: the case of internet banking
Authors: Lyons Bruce , Zhu Minyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We provide an econometric study of the adoption of internet banking, a case of a potentially disruptive digital technology which could devalue/replace an incumbent legacy. Our aim is to better understand the extent to which it disrupted the market structure where incumbents start with a strong customer base. We study both regional integration and national concentration dimensions of market structure in EU member states during the period of 1997–2018. We find that internet banking was initially introduced earlier in more concentrated markets. Although consumer uptake was slower over time than in less concentrated markets, the initial higher consumer penetration in more concentrated markets was sustained until market maturity. We further find a substantial de-concentrating effect of internet banking, and evidence of integration in previously regionalized markets following uptake.
Conspiracy Thinking and Electoral Trust During Tumultuous Times: The Case of Israel
Authors: Yair Omer , Cavari Amnon , Efrat Asif 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent research reveals the association between conspiracy thinking, i.e., one’s predisposition to believe in conspiracy theories, and trust in elections and election outcomes. This research, however, has thus far only examined single election cycles. In this letter, we examine whether citizens’ conspiracy thinking, across electoral winners and losers, predicts electoral mistrust in the polarized, crisis-laden state of Israel. We test our expectation using four nationally representative samples fielded in 2022—before the electoral campaign started, during the campaign, and after the November national election, when a change in government took place. We show that conspiracy thinking predicts electoral mistrust and that this effect is independent of the effect of being an electoral loser. We also demonstrate that losing or winning the election does not meaningfully moderate the effect of conspiracy thinking on electoral mistrust.
Controllable image expansion of rock castings based on deep learning
Authors: Tian Lixin , Peng Wenxu , Han Wenming , Zhang Shixin , Cao Danping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Digital rock physics (DRP) offers an effective method of deriving elastic parameters from digital rock images, but its practical application is always limited to limited datasets. Recently, deep learning techniques have presented a promising avenue for generating more extensive and cost-effective samples. However, generating controllable samples according to user definition remains very difficult due to high dependence on sufficient datasets. To resolve this problem, a new network was proposed based on the UNet framework through image translation (UNet-IT) to expand rock castings by given porosity in relatively fewer datasets. Practical tests on carbonate rock images demonstrate that the proposed method can generate samples tailored to specific porosity requirements, which achieved a minimum porosity relative error of less than 1%. Compared with the unextended samples, the generated ones have completely different pore structures in terms of two-point probability, two-point cluster, and lineal path functions. Furthermore, the elastic parameters of the generated images obtained through the finite element method (FEM) and practical logging data matched well, with an average relative error of ∼9%. This indicates that the generated samples can be used as effective data to estimate fine rock physics templates and then improve inversion accuracy.
Beta Hebbian Learning for intrusion detection in networks with MQTT Protocols for IoT devices
Authors: Michelena Álvaro , García Ordás María Teresa , Aveleira-Mata José , Marcos del Blanco David Yeregui , Timiraos Díaz Míriam , Zayas-Gato Francisco , Jove Esteban , Casteleiro-Roca José-Luis , Quintián Héctor , Alaiz-Moretón Héctor , Luis Calvo-Rolle José 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to enhance security in IoT device networks through a visual tool that utilizes three projection techniques, including Beta Hebbian Learning (BHL), t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and ISOMAP, in order to facilitate the identification of network attacks by human experts. This work research begins with the creation of a testing environment with IoT devices and web clients, simulating attacks over Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) for recording all relevant traffic information. The unsupervised algorithms chosen provide a set of projections that enable human experts to visually identify most attacks in real-time, making it a powerful tool that can be implemented in IoT environments easily.
Truth and knowledge in the community of inquiry
Authors: Zanetti Luca , Moruzzi Sebastiano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to some Philosophy for Children theorists, the pedagogy of the Community of Inquiry hinges upon the acceptance of a pragmatist epistemology. The underlying idea is that it is possible to participate, and to justify participation, in a community of inquiry only if some pragmatist view of truth and knowledge is true and accepted by the participants engaged in dialogue. In this article we argue that this claim is false. In this way, we want to free the pedagogy of the Community of Inquiry from some epistemological assumptions that we regard as unwarranted. To support our contention, we shall highlight two distinctions that are important in order to appreciate the connection between epistemology and education: first, the distinction between the disposition of intellectual humility and the belief in fallibilism; second, the belief in the existence of Cartesian certainties and the attitude of psychological certainty. Finally, we also argue that to vindicate dialogic inquiry it is neither necessary to adopt a pragmatist theory of truth, nor is it necessary to regard warranted judgement as the primary aim of inquiry. In contrast, we argue that truth is the aim of inquiry, and so is the aim of children when they participate in a dialogic inquiry. In this way we also suggest a justification of philosophy with children that does not instrumentalize it.