bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total neocortical cell number in the mysticete brain
Authors: Eriksen Nina , Pakkenberg Bente 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe cetacean brain has long been of scientific interest, not only because of its large size – the largest in the animal kingdom – but also because of its high gyrification. It shows several adaptations to the aquatic environment, especially in the cortical arrangements of functional areas. To study structural aspects of the mysticete brain we estimated neocortical features in the common minke whale using stereological methods. The neocortex was surprisingly thick, equal to that in humans. The total neocortical neuron number was 12.8 × 109, and the total neocortical glia number 98.2 × 109. Total cell numbers in the auditory and visual cortex were also estimated, and showed that the auditory cortex contained more cells than the visual cortex. In this small sample, no sexual dimorphism was seen within the neocortex of the common minke whale. Our aim was to estimate the total cell number, cortical volume and cell density in the entire mysticete neocortex and compare the total cell number in the auditory cortex with that of the visual cortex using stereological methods. Here, we used the common minke whale as a model of all mysticetes. We wanted to compare these neocortical features to those of other mammals to forward understanding of the evolution of the mammalian brain. Anat Rec, 290:83–95, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Model Systems for Fluorescence and Singlet Oxygen Quenching by Metalloporphyrins
Authors: McCarthy Jason R. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNext‐generation photodynamic therapy agents will minimize extraneous phototoxicity by being active only at the target site. To this end, we have developed a model system to systematically investigate the excited‐state quenching ability of a number of metalloporphyrins. Central metal ions that prefer four‐coordinate, square planar orientations (AgII, CuII, NiII, PdII, and ZnII) were used. Porphyrin dimers based on 5‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin and comprising both a free base porphyrin and a metalloporphyrin covalently linked through a five‐carbon alkyl chain were synthesized. The fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields for the dimers were probed at 630 and 650 nm, respectively, resulting in the excitation of only the free base porphyrin and allowing a comparison of the quenching efficacy of each central metal ion. These results demonstrate that metalloporphyrins can serve as efficient quenchers, and may be useful in the design of novel light‐activated therapeutic agents.
Neurons of the ascidian larval nervous system in Ciona intestinalis: I. Central nervous system
Authors: Imai Janice H. , Meinertzhagen Ian A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe tadpole larva of ascidians, basal living relatives of vertebrates, has a chordate body plan. The CNS has many homologies with that of vertebrates yet only about 100 neurons. These few, possibly fixed in number and composition, nevertheless govern a diverse repertoire of behaviors. To elucidate the circuits of the CNS first requires that we recognize each neuron type, for which we used electroporation to transfect precleavage embryos with a plasmid containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the promoter of the synaptotagmin gene. Hatched larvae were fixed and GFP 3‐D reconstructions of confocal image stacks compiled into images of 31 whole or partial larvae, either with many GFP‐labelled neurons or with few, each clearly visible. Neuron counts in the sensory vesicle (SV) and visceral ganglion (VG) indicated that between 75% (SV) and 69% (VG) of previously reported numbers of neurons were transfected. Based on their position, shape, and projections, the following neurons were identified in the SV: a prominent eminens neuron, possibly with direct input from papillar neurons, a large ventroposterior interneuron, photoreceptors of the ocellus, and putative antenna cells of the otolith. In the VG, we identified at least four subtypes of motor neuron, including an ovoid cell that may innervate distal tail muscle cells and contrapelo cells with ascending projections, unique among VG neurons. The caudal nerve cord contained the first reported neurons, the somata of planate neurons. These neurons are the first identified types, and will be used to construct a map of the nervous system for this model basal chordate. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:316–334, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive radial‐like cells are present in the vicinity of proliferative progenitors in the nucleus tractus solitarius of adult rat
Authors: Pecchi Emilie , Dallaporta Michel , Charrier Céline , Pio Juliette , Jean André , Moyse Emmanuel , Troadec Jean‐Denis 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe dorsal vagal complex (DVC), an integrative center of autonomic functions located dorsally in the caudal brainstem, comprises the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the area postrema (AP), and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX). Recently, this area of the brainstem was shown to retain, during adulthood, the expression of developmental markers, which is consistent with several forms of morphological and functional plasticity. These data led us to attempt to determine the structural organization and phenotypical characteristics of the astroglial compartment in the adult DVC. We report a strikingly high density of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive cells in the NTS and the DMNX compared to other brainstem structures. Furthermore, we observed a subpopulation of atypical GFAP+ cells in the NTS. These cells expressed vimentin and nestin and displayed unbranched processes that radiate rostrocaudally from cuboid cell bodies located in the 4th ventricle wall. Interestingly, these radiating cells were found in close association with neural progenitors whose proliferation was stimulated by intracerebroventricular injection of epidermal growth factor / basic fibroblast growth factor or lesion of the vagus nerve. Newly born neurons in the NTS identified by doublecortin (DCX) immunolabeling were also preferentially found in the vicinity of the radiating cells. Altogether, these results indicate that the adult NTS retains, during adulthood, astroglial cells that display morphological and phenotypical features seen during development. The overlap in the distribution of proliferative neural progenitors, newborn neurons, and radiating GFAP‐positive cells suggest a possible role of the glial compartment of the NTS in functional plasticity in this structure. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:353–368, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tripyrrinatocadmium Complexes: Enforcing Supramolecular Aggregation by a Large Ion
Authors: Bröring Martin , Prikhodovski Serguei , Tejero Esther Cónsul , Köhler Silke 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA newly developed method for the preparation of free base tripyrrin ligands HTrpy by cyanide‐promoted demetalation of nickel chelates TrpyNiNCO was used in order to explore the chemistry of cadmium tripyrrins TrpyCdX with a variety of anionic co‐ligands X. The introduction of the large CdII ion into the tripyrrin N3 coordination site was accomplished by the use of cadmium acetate as the metal precursor. Ligand exchange experiments using sodium salts of different anions disclose a marked tendency for pentacoordination, which is achieved either by the formation of chelates or of 1D coordination polymers that form as a consequence of the size of the central metal. The attempted introduction of chlorido, iodido, or cyanato ligands thus leads mainly to decomposed material, while the use of 1,1,1‐trifluoracetylacetonate, salicylate, and acetate ligands results in stable, pentacoordinate and monomeric complexes with the external ligand bound as a four‐ or six‐membered O,O‐chelate ring. With the pseudohalogenido ligands thiocyanate, selenocyanate, and azide as well as with the weakly coordinating trifluoroacetate 1D coordination polymers with a variety of chain structures were obtained and investigated by X‐ray diffraction studies. Interestingly TrpyCdN3 is present in the crystal as a coordinatively and hydrogen‐bonded methanol adduct with a dimeric repeating subunit. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Kinetic CE: Foundation for homogeneous kinetic affinity methods
Authors: Krylov Sergey N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractKinetic capillary electrophoresis (KCE) is defined as capillary electrophoresis of species that interact during electrophoresis. KCE can serve as a conceptual platform for development of homogeneous kinetic affinity methods for affinity measurements (measurements of binding parameters and quantitative measurements) and affinity purification (purification of known molecules and search of unknown molecules). A number of different KCE methods can be designed by varying initial and boundary conditions – the way interacting species enter and exit the capillary. KCE methods will find multiple practical applications in the designing of biomedical diagnostics and the development of drug candidates. Here, the concept of KCE, its up‐to‐date applications, and future prospective are reviewed.
Eating one's words, Part I: ‘concretised metaphors’ and reflective function in anorexia nervosa—an interview study
Authors: Skårderud Finn 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAnorexia nervosa still qualifies for the designation as an enigma, with an unclear aetiology and a psychopathology poorly understood. A striking clinical feature is the concreteness of symptoms. The concept ‘concretised metaphor’ refers to instances where there is a psychic equivalence between physical and psychic reality. Emotions are concretised.ObjectiveTo contribute in a more precise language about the body's symbolic role—embodiment in anorexia nervosa.Method10 female patients (age 16–35 years) with anorexia nervosa describe in interviews how they conceive mind–body relations in their own lives.ResultsDifferent ‘concretised metaphors’ are described and categorised, covering a wide range of bodily experiences and corresponding emotions.DiscussionThe occurrence of various ‘concretised metaphors’ in these cases suggests reduced symbolic capacity and impaired reflective function as a core psychopathological trait in anorexia nervosa. This is the first of three companion papers. Part II develops theory on reflective function in anorexia nervosa. Part III presents an outline for psychotherapy for anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
The synonymy of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur (Squamata) genus Lakumasaurus from Antarctica with Taniwhasaurus from New Zealand and its bearing upon faunal similarity within the Weddellian Province
Authors: Martin James E. , Fernández Marta 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNovas et al. (2002. Ameghiniana 39:245–249) described and named a new mosasaur as Lakumasaurus antarcticus from the Late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Antarctic Peninsula. The specimen was recovered from the late Campanian Santa Marta Formation on James Ross Island. A number of characters indicate the affinities of Lakumasaurus with the Tylosaurinae. However, other characters of Lakumasaurus are unusual among tylosaurines, particularly the dentition bearing fine striae, teeth with non‐serrated anterior carinae, anterior teeth without posterior carinae, relatively straight lateral margins on frontal and relatively small size. Investigation of mosasaurs from New Zealand confirms that these characters occur in the type specimen of Taniwhasaurus oweni Hector 1874, collected from the late Campanian Conway Formation of Haumuri Bluff. Size and similar morphological characters indicate the synonymy of Lakumasaurus with Taniwhasaurus.The synonymy of Lakumasaurus with Taniwhasaurus adds significantly to the evidence of endemism among marine reptiles in Antarctica, New Zealand and Patagonia (Weddellian Province) during the Late Cretaceous. Taniwhasaurus along with the possible co‐occurrence of Moanasaurus are the first mosasaurs at a generic level to indicate Gondwanan endemism. The mosasaur evidence is complemented by the plesiosaur Aristonectes, which occurs in the Maastrichtian of Argentina and Antarctica and appears similar to Kaiwhekea from the Maastrichtian of New Zealand, and by Mauisaurus, an elasmosaurid which occurs in the Maastrichtian of Antarctica and medial Campanian‐Maastrichtian of New Zealand. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting and forecasting flow discharge at sites receiving significant lateral inflow
Authors: Tayfur Gokmen , Moramarco Tommaso , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo models, one linear and one non‐linear, were employed for the prediction of flow discharge hydrographs at sites receiving significant lateral inflow. The linear model is based on a rating curve and permits a quick estimation of flow at a downstream site. The non‐linear model is based on a multilayer feed‐forward back propagation (FFBP) artificial neural network (ANN) and uses flow‐stage data measured at the upstream and downstream stations. ANN predicted the real‐time storm hydrographs satisfactorily and better than did the linear model. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that when the lateral inflow contribution to the channel reach was insignificant, ANN, using only the flow‐stage data at the upstream station, satisfactorily predicted the hydrograph at the downstream station. The prediction error of ANN increases exponentially with the difference between the peak discharge used in training and that used in testing. ANN was also employed for flood forecasting and was compared with the modified Muskingum model (MMM). For a 4‐h lead time, MMM forecasts the floods reliably but could not be applied to reaches for lead times greater than the wave travel time. Although ANN and MMM had comparable performances for an 8‐h lead time, ANN is capable of forecasting floods with lead times longer than the wave travel time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HIF‐1α and CA IX staining in invasive breast carcinomas: Prognosis and treatment outcome
Authors: Trastour Cynthia , Benizri Emmanuel , Ettore Francette , Ramaioli Alain , Chamorey Emmanuel , Pouysségur Jacques , Berra Edurne 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHypoxia stabilizes HIF‐1α (Hypoxia Inducible Factor‐1α), which then triggers the expression of several genes involved in many aspects of cancer progression, including metabolic adaptation, cell survival and angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of HIF‐1α and CA IX (carbonic anhydrase IX) (one of its target genes) expression on prognosis and treatment outcome of patients with breast cancer. Because of the extreme O2‐dependent instability of the protein, we first validated HIF‐1α staining using xenograft tumours that were subjected to experimental conditions mimicking surgical clamping or sitting at room temperature under normoxic conditions after surgical excision but before fixation. Afterwards, the immunohistochemical staining of HIF‐1α and CA IX was evaluated in 132 invasive breast carcinomas with a 10‐year follow‐up, and correlated to classical clinicopathological parameters and response to adjuvant therapy. No significant correlation was found between tumour size or nodal status and the expression of HIF‐1α or CA IX. Statistically significant association was found between HIF‐1α or CA IX staining and the grade, hormonal receptors loss and the presence of carcinoma in situ. Overexpression of HIF‐1α and CA IX correlates with a poor prognosis in breast cancer. We show that HIF‐1α is an independent prognostic factor for distant metastasis‐free survival and disease‐free survival in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, overexpression of HIF‐1α or CA IX correlates with a poor outcome after conventional adjuvant therapy. CA IX is, however, a weaker prognostic and predictive factor than HIF‐1α, and its association with HIF‐1α does not modify the survival curve neither response to therapy, compared to HIF‐1α alone. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel cholic acid functionalized star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s for biomedical applications
Authors: Zou Tao , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNovel cholic acid functionalized star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s with different molecular weights were synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of DL‐lactide initiated by cholic acid. Compared with poly(DL‐lactide), these star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s show faster hydrolytic degradation rates, and the degradation mechanism changes from bulk erosion to surface erosion with decreasing molecular weight. Based on the specific physicochemical properties of the novel star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide), the drug delivery system with submicron size was fabricated using a very convenient “ultrasonic dispersion method” which did not involve toxic organic solvents. The in vitro drug release was studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
IgG binding kinetics to oligo B protein A domains on lipid layers immobilized on a 27 MHz quartz‐crystal microbalance
Authors: Mitomo Hideyuki , Shigematsu Hideki , Kobatake Eiry , Furusawa Hiroyuki , Okahata Yoshio 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough molecular recognitions between membrane receptors and their soluble ligands have been analyzed using their soluble proteins in bulk solutions, molecular recognitions of membrane receptors should be studied on lipid membranes considering their orientation and dynamics on membrane surfaces. We employed Staphylococcal Protein A (SpA) oligo B domains with long trialkyl‐tags from E. coli (LppBx, x = 1, 2, and 5) and immobilized LppBx on lipid layers using hydrophobic interactions from the trialkyl‐tag, while maintaining the orientation of B domain‐chains on a 27 MHz quartz‐crystal microbalance (QCM; AT‐cut shear mode). The binding of IgG Fc regions to LppBx on lipid layers was detected by frequency decreases (mass increases) on the QCM. The maximum amount bound (Δmmax), association constants (Ka), association and dissociation rate constants (k1 and k−1, respectively) were obtained. Binding kinetics of IgG to LppB2 and LppB5 were quite similar, showing a simple 1:1 binding of the IgG Fc region to the B domain, when the surface coverage of LppB2 and LppB5 on the lipid surface is low (1.4%). When LppB5 was immobilized at the high surface coverage of 3.5%, the complex bindings of IgG such as one IgG bound to one or two LppB5 on the membrane could be observed. IgG‐LppB1 binding was largely restricted because of steric hindrance on lipid surfaces. This gives a suggestion why Protein A has five IgG binding domains. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibody response to influenza vaccine in adults vaccinated with identical vaccine strains in consecutive years
Authors: Nabeshima Shigeki , Kashiwagi Kenichiro , Murata Masayuki , Kanamoto Yoko , Furusyo Norihiro , Hayashi Jun 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFifty seven hospital workers received influenza vaccine in November 2003, and the serum HI antibody titer was determined before, 2 and 4 weeks after the vaccination. Thirty seven were vaccinated in November, 2002 consecutively (the repeated vaccination group), and the remaining 20 had not been vaccinated in the previous year (the single vaccination group). Six of the repeated vaccination group received both influenza and hepatitis B vaccination in September, 2004 and the antibody responses were examined 2 weeks later. Two and four weeks after the 2003‐vaccination, the HI antibody titers to A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B in the repeated vaccination group were significantly lower than in the single vaccination group (P < 0.05). This phenomenon had no relation to the pre‐vaccination HI antibody titer. The antibody response was low to repeated influenza vaccination, but normal to hepatitis B vaccine in six subjects who had a second vaccination in 2004, showing that this depressed response was influenza‐specific. These results suggest that the decreased HI antibody response to repeated influenza vaccination was affected mainly by the previous vaccination per se rather than by the pre‐existing antibody titer. J. Med. Virol. 79:320–325, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermally Reversible Cross‐Linked Polyamides with High Toughness and Self‐Repairing Ability from Maleimide‐ and Furan‐Functionalized Aromatic Polyamides
Authors: Liu Ying‐Ling , Chen Yi‐Wen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPolyamides having various amounts of maleimide (PA‐MI) and furan (PA‐F) pendent groups, respectively, as well as their cross‐linked polymers (PA‐MI/PA‐F) were prepared. PA‐MI/PA‐F cross‐linked polymers showed thermally reversible cross‐linking behavior via Diels‐Alder (DA) and retro‐DA reactions. Cross‐linked PA‐MI/PA‐F films exhibited enhanced toughness and mechanical properties compared to PA‐MI and PA‐F precursors. Moreover, PA‐MI/PA‐F films also showed thermal self‐repairing behavior, which was observed in the micrographs and instron tests.magnified image
Non‐reflecting boundary conditions for 2 Danisotropic elastodynamics
Authors: Sofronov Ivan L. , Zaitsev Nikolai A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOur numerical method of generating the boundary operator is based on conception of both analytical and discrete transparent boundary conditions. The elastic wave propagation in 2D orthotropic media is considered to show transparency of open circular boundary with proposed NRBC for all tested cases, even where PML approach fails. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Krein space related perturbation theory for MHDα2‐dynamos
Authors: Kirillov Oleg N. , Günther Uwe 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe spectrum of the spherically symmetricα2–dynamo is studied in the case of idealized boundary conditions. Starting from the exact analytical solutions of models with constantα–profiles a perturbation theory and a Galerkin technique are developed in a Krein‐space approach. With the help of these tools a very pronouncedα–resonance pattern is found in the deformations of the spectral mesh as well as in the unfolding of the diabolical points located at the nodes of this mesh. Non‐oscillatory as well as oscillatory dynamo regimes are obtained. An estimation technique is developed for obtaining the criticalα–profiles at which the eigenvalues enter the right spectral half‐plane with non‐vanishing imaginary components (at which overcritical oscillatory dynamo regimes form). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Structured Kronecker form for the Palindromic Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Schröder Christian 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe consider a structured generalized eigenvalue problem of the form Ax = λ (–AT )x, called palindromic eigenvalue problem. We will explain this name and give applications. To characterize the spectral properties of this problem we introduce a structured version of the Kronecker canonical form. As an application we present a characterization of the set of pencils B + λC that are equivalent to a palindromic pencil A + λAT . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)