bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient YOLO Based Deep Learning Model for Arabic Sign Language Recognition
Authors: Ahmadi Saad Al , Mohammad Farah , Dawsari Haya Al 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Verbal communication is the dominant form of self-expression and interpersonal communication. Speech is a considerable obstacle for individuals with disabilities, including those who are deaf, hard of hearing, mute, or nonverbal. Consequently, these individuals depend on sign language to communicate with others. Sign Language is a complex system of gestures and visual cues that facilitate the inclusion of individuals into vocal communication groups. In this manuscript a novel technique proposed using deep learning to recognize the Arabic Sign language (ArSL) accurately. Through this advanced system, the objective is to help in communication between the hearing and deaf community. The proposed mechanism relies on advanced attention mechanisms, and state-of-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures with the robust YOLO object detection model that highly improves the implementation and accuracy of ArSL recognition. In our proposed method, we integrate the self-attention block, channel attention module, spatial attention module, and cross-convolution module into the features processing, and the ArSL recognition accuracy reaches 98.9%. The recognition accuracy of our method is significantly improved with higher detection rate. The presented approach showed significant improvement as compared with the conventional techniques with a precision rate of 0.9. For the mAP@0.5, the mAP score is 0.9909 while for the mAP@0.5:0.95 and the results tops all the state-of-the-art techniques. This shows that the model has the great capability to accurately detect and classify complex multiple ArSL signs. The model provides a unique way of linking people and improving the communication strategy while also promoting the social inclusion of deaf people in the Arabic region.
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorated sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation dysfunction and inflammation in rat
Authors: zhu hao , zhang yiwei , zhou haidong , wu jin , chen yijun , lu zihui , huang changshun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Objectives: To investigate the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) dysfunction and inflammation in the rat models infected with sepsis.
Methods: Based on a clinical retrospective analysis with sepsis patients, multi-time point, dynamic monitoring and continuous measurement of CECs count, vWF activity, tPA, PAI-1, TXB2, and 6-K-PGF1α of the blood aggregative indicators were designed and employed during experimental period. The arterial blood gas, plasma inflammation levels and global coagulation in septic rat were measured at 24 h after the CLP operation.
Results: Clinical sepsis patients on concomitant TMP medication had improved blood counts and coagulation parameters. The levels of the CECs count were significantly increased at about 7 h after the CLP operation injury, and reached a peak value at 24 h and sustained with a steady equilibrium level. The vWF activity, PAI-1, and TXB2/6-K-PGF1α had a marked increase after injury, whereas these indexes were significantly diminished after TMP intervention. At 24 h after CLP operation, the pH, pCO2, sO2, Glu, and Lac was decreased, in contrast the pO2, and HCO3- was increased in septic rats. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TF were remarkably up-regulated in the sepsis-induced DIC rats suffering the CLP surgery, and these levels were respectively down-regulated 38%, 45%, 29%, 127% with the TMP intra-peritoneal injection.
Conclusions: TMP could effectively improve the coagulation function and reduce the inflammatory response, which had a clear benefit and good outcome for sepsis-induced DIC.
Integrated stress response plasticity governs normal cell adaptation to chronic stress via the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway
Authors: Avelar Rita A. , Gupta Riya , Carvette Grace , Leprevost Felipe da Veiga , Colina Jose , Teitel Jessica , Nesvizhskii Alexey , O'connor Caitlin , Hatzoglou Maria , Shenolikar Shirish , Arvan Peter , Narla Goutham , DiFeo Analisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates cell fate during conditions of stress by leveraging the cell’s capacity to endure sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity modulation has been shown to be successful in achieving both therapeutic efficacy and safety across various cancer models; however, the molecular mechanisms driving its selective antitumor effects remain unclear. Here, we show for the first time that ISR plasticity relies on PP2A activation to regulate drug response and dictate cellular fate under conditions of chronic stress. We demonstrate that genetic and chemical modulation of the PP2A leads to chronic proteolytic stress and triggers an ISR to dictate cell fate. More specifically, we uncovered that the PP2A-TFE3-ATF4 pathway governs ISR cell plasticity during endoplasmic reticular and cellular stress independent of the unfolded protein response. We further show that normal cells reprogram their genetic signatures to undergo ISR-mediated adaptation and homeostatic recovery thereby successfully avoiding toxicity following PP2A-mediated stress. Conversely, oncogenic specific cytotoxicity induced by chemical modulation of PP2A is achieved by activating chronic and irreversible ISR in cancer cells. Our findings propose that a differential response to chemical modulation of PP2A is determined by intrinsic ISR plasticity, providing a novel biological vulnerability to selectively induce cancer cell death and improve targeted therapeutic efficacy.
Comparing Neutralizing Antibody Activity
Over Time Between Naive and Convalesced
COVID-19 Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: de Pillis Lisette , Caffrey Rebecca , Che Ge , Dela Mark , Eldevik Leif , McConnell Joseph P. , Shabahang Shahrokh , Varvel Steve , Liu Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Longitudinal data comprised of neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity measurements from subjects who received COVID-19 vaccinations were collected between November 2020 and April 2022. To detect differences between convalesced and naive groups with respect to the evolution of NAb activity since the subject's first COVID-19 vaccine, we initially fit a linear mixed effects model to only the decay section of NAb evolution. We conclude that NAb activity, when restricted to this region, behaves differently between these two groups, with the convalesced group generally having higher neutralizing antibody levels than the naive group. We then fit a nonlinear mixed effects model over the entire NAb progression using a system of ordinary differential equations described by dePillis et al. JTB 2023 as our structural component to the model. This analysis not only supports the claim that over the entire progression, NAb activity behaves differently for convalesced and naive groups, but aligns with the linear analysis in confirming that NAb decay is slower in the convalesced group than the naive group. Finally, we use the estimated parameters from the nonlinear mixed effects model to predict NAb progression for each subject from their last observed measurement to 100 days past this measurement.
Effects of various prosthetic methods for patients with Kennedy Class I partial edentulism on oral hypofunction, subjective symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life: a propensity score matching, multicenter, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Morinaga Daisaku , Nagai Shoji , Kaku Toshio , Itoh Takatoshi , Soejima Yoshiki , Takeshita Fimitaka , Horikawa Tadashi , Abe Naruyoshi , Iijima Toshikazu , Soejima Daigo , Hara Toshihiro , Sato Ryuta , Murakami Mamoru , Sawase Takashi , Nishimura Masahiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This propensity score matching, multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed to examine the effects of various prosthetic methods for dental clinic outpatients with Kennedy Class I partial edentulism (KCIPE) on oral hypofunction, subjective frailty symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life (QOL).
Methods
Patients (n = 348) were classified into the following three groups for analysis: NT, patients with natural dentition providing intermaxillary contact in four occlusal supporting zones; RPD, patients with KCIPE who received removable partial dentures; and ISFP, patients with KCIPE who received implant-supported fixed prostheses. Participants' basic characteristics were recorded, and oral function tests were conducted. Subjective symptoms of physical and oral frailty were investigated via questionnaire. Oral health-related QOL was assessed using the Japanese short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-JP16). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for patient background factors that could influence oral hypofunction in each group.
Results
Compared with the ISFP group, the RPD group had significantly higher rates of poor oral hygiene, reduced occlusal force, decreased masticatory function, and declines in swallowing function and oral hypofunction; the odds ratio for oral hypofunction was 4.67. Compared with the ISFP group, the RPD group had significantly greater subjective symptoms of physical frailty and oral frailty, as well as higher OHIP scores.
Conclusions
Prosthetic treatment of KCIPE affected oral hypofunction, subjective frailty symptoms, and oral health-related QOL in dental clinic outpatients.
Decrease and impaired function of circulating mucosa-associated invariant T cells in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chen Jiadi , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Jingru , Chen Shucheng , Lin Xiaolan , Xu Kaiming , Ren Jingyi , Zhang Yaqin , Zhang Chunying , Wu Juan , Cao Yingping 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer characterized by significantly low mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Though the reasons for their decline and their functional implications in AML are yet to be explored, their levels have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of the disease. This study aimed to characterize the frequency, phenotype, and function of circulating MAIT cells during AML progression. Our results showed that the levels of circulating MAIT cells in patients with AML (AML-MAIT cells) were lower compared to healthy donors, and they were found to express high levels of HLA-DR, PD-1, and TIM-3, indicating that the AML-MAIT cells exhibited an activated and exhausted phenotype. AML-MAIT cells expressed higher KLRG1 and CD57 levels, indicating that circulating AML-MAIT cells displayed a senescent phenotype. The observation that MAIT cells in patients with AML had both senescent and pro-apoptotic phenotypes may underlie the decrease in circulating AML-MAIT cells. Additionally, circulating AML-MAIT cells produced less IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme B, suggesting dysfunctional anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we found AML patients with adverse cytogenetic have fewer MAIT cells than that with intermediate/favorable cytogenetic. In conclusion, circulating MAIT cells are decreased due to exhausted and senescent phenotypes and are functionally impaired in patients with AML. Therefore, enhancing circulating MAIT cells might be an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with AML.
Gastrointestinal parasites in free grazing goats from Ayacucho, Peru: prevalence and risk factors associated with infection in herds
Authors: Palomino-Guerrera Walter , Huaman Michael Ramos , Flores-Prado Vania , Padilla David Godoy , Zárate-Rendón Daniel A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasite infection in goats in Ayacucho, Peru. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 254 goats from four districts of Ayacucho: Ocaña (84), Colca (76), Pacaicasa (64), and Luricocha (25) during the dry season; recording the location, sex, and age of the animals. The fecal samples were analyzed using the flotation technique in salt and sugar solution, and modified McMaster egg counting techniques for eggs/oocysts (epg/opg) of gastrointestinal parasites. The associations between location, sex, and age with the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites were analyzed using the chi-square test. Fecal samples showed an overall parasite prevalence of 87.80%. The identified parasites were Eimeria spp. (86.22%), Strongyle type eggs (STE) (65.75%), Skrjabinema sp. (7.87%), Trichuris sp. (3.15%) and Moniezia spp. (3.15%). There was no significant association between the location and the presence of parasites (p<0.05), however, there was a higher prevalence and parasite variety in Luricocha. Sex and age did not have a significant association with parasitosis (p>0.05), except in prevalences of Trichurisspp. and Moniezia spp. (p<0.05). The epg/opg values ​​revealed a higher parasite burden in goats from Colca compared to the other locations (p<0.05). There was also no statistical relationship between fecal egg/oocyst counts and sex or age, nevertheless, there were moderate and high parasitic burdens. The high prevalence of parasites such as nematodes and Eimeria spp. the need to implement strategic control and prevention programs in goats, where location and sex were found to be the most relevant risk factors for parasitosis in Ayacucho, Peru.
Data Initiative for the Analysis of Racial/ Ethnic Health Inequalities in Latin American and Caribbean countries: Protocol for a series of Scoping Reviews
Authors: Sanchez Yazmin , Ferreira Andrea JF. , Elmi Yasmine M. , Perez Dennis , Ramos Dandara , Lucumi Diego I. , Goulart Celine M. , Jackson John W. , Perea Claudia Y. , Grillo Randy L. , Goes Emanuelle , Ortigoza Ana F. , Higuera-Mendiata Diana , Djigo Khardjatou Marianne , Melo-Ferreira Vanessa , Martinez Marelys , Siddiqi Arjumand , Barber Sharrelle , Carabali Mabel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Racial and ethnic health inequities are a public health concern from a range of structural societal conditions rooted in Racism. The collection of disaggregated race and ethnicity-based data is crucial to understand and appropriately address health inequities. Current data collection efforts remain incomplete and insufficiently widespread. In the Americas, the proportions of Afro-descendants are overrepresented in cardiovascular, maternal mortality and vector-borne diseases. There is limited evidence data on race, ethnicity, and health inequities regarding Latin American and the Caribbean region.
Methods: To evaluate the use and scope of population-based race and ethnicity data in health literature. We present a protocol for a series of distinct but interconnected scoping reviews, in the context of racial health inequities across three major health outcomes including i) cardiovascular diseases, ii) maternal, infant, and neonatal mortality, and iii) vector-borne diseases in Latin American and the Caribbean countries between January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2023.
Datasets include PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Global Health, Scopus, LILACS (Virtual Health Library), Web of Science databases and grey literature. We will include cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, surveillance-based, and ecological study designs that analyzed the relationship between race and ethnicity and the selected health outcomes, written in English, French, Spanish, or Portuguese. This protocol is available on the Open Science Framework (Doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/PE35D). The scoping reviews follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Extension guidelines.
Discussion: The series of scoping reviews will systematize and make available the current evidence regarding race and ethnicity inequities in the American and Caribbean region within the context of major health outcomes for a better recognition of knowledge gaps.Results will have critical implications for the documentation of the effect of Racism on health outcomes and shaping racial health inequities observed among these health outcomes, the designed and development of policy action to mitigate and eliminate racial health inequities in the Americas, promoting health equity by making of the invisible, visible.
Study on excitation effect of different combination modes of shear wave vibroseis
Authors: You ZhengTao , Huang Zhiqiang , Hao Lei , Li Gang , Fu Mingwei , Wang Ruohao , Shuai Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In order to solve the problems of less earth capture energy and shallow depth of shear wave signal transmission during the operation of shear wave vibroseis, and improve the exploration quality, the influence of different combination methods on excitation effect is studied. Through numerical simulation, the vibrator-geodetic finite element model of combined shear wave vibroseis is established. Taking the earth capture energy, particle displacement amplitude and shear stress as evaluation indexes, the influence of three parameters, namely arrangement mode, spacing and number, on the combined excitation effect of shear wave vibroseis is deeply studied. The results show that, in terms of arrangement, compared with two SHY arrangements, two SHX vibroseis capture more energy in the earth when excited, and the particle displacement amplitude increases by 91.5% on average compared with a single vibroseis, and the sine wave shape of the shear stress curve is more complete, and the attenuation degree is smaller with the increase of depth; In terms of vibroseis spacing, compared with the combined vibroseis with the spacing of 3m, 9m and 12m, the combined vibroseis with the spacing of 6m has more ground capture energy, the particle displacement amplitude is increased by 81.2% on average compared with the single vibroseis, the shear stress distortion is smaller, and the attenuation is slower with the increase of depth. In terms of vibroseis number, compared with 4, 6 and 8 combined vibroseis, the loss rate of earth capture energy is the lowest when the 2 combined vibroseis excite, which is only 6.06% compared with the single vibroseis, and the particle displacement amplitude is increased by 78.2% on average compared with the single vibroseis, and the shear stress amplitude is larger. The research results can provide guidance for improving the excitation effect of shear wave vibroseis, and also provide reference for the study of combined excitation design of shear wave vibroseis.
Condensate Halos in Condensation Frosting
Authors: Bonaccurso Elmar , Chen Longquan , Zhen Songyuan , Feng Haoyan , Lin Shiji , Jin Yakang , Li Zhigang , Deng Xu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The freezing of water drops on cold solid surfaces is ubiquitous in nature and has broad implications for industrial processes and applications, causing serious technological, engineering and economic issues. Understanding the physics of drop freezing is not only fundamental and practical but also a prerequisite and basis for developing ice protection and control strategies. Despite longstanding and numerous research efforts, existing knowledge on drop freezing is still limited, as evidenced by the continuous exploration and discovery of new icing phenomena or effects. One such is that, along with the freezing of a supercooled water drop in a dry or/and low-pressure environment, an explosive vapor is emitted to its surrounding space; this vapor can either generate a condensate halo consisting of small drops that further freeze into frost or directly desublimate into ice crystals, promoting ice propagation among the drop clusters deposited on the surface. Here, we extend previous carefully designed experimental studies on the freezing of supercooled drops on solid surfaces under low humidity and pressure to condensation frosting under standard laboratory conditions. Condensate halos were observed to form, grow and eventually disappear in a well-defined “fence” region around freezing drops during condensation frosting also at ambient humidity and pressure on sufficiently hydrophobic surfaces with low thermal conductivities. The evolution of the halo pattern involved multiphase transitions on timescales from milliseconds to seconds. By combining optical and thermal imaging techniques, we assessed the halo characteristics at each stage and elucidated the main underlying heat and mass transfer mechanisms. Our work further advances the physical understanding of complex dropwise freezing processes, and relevant findings can provide guidance for optimizing deicing and defrosting strategies.
Winegrower perceptions of climate change impacts and adaptive capacity in southern California, USA
Authors: Zuniga Alessandra , Monteverde Corrie , Quandt Amy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Southern California, an important producer of high-quality wines, continues to expand its winegrowing areas, supporting livelihoods, and contributing to thriving local economies. However, climate data indicate that the region is becoming increasingly warmer and drier, which threaten future winegrape production. Growers’ perceptions of climate change and their management response play a critical role in adaptive potential but have not been well examined for this region. We use a survey approach to better understand how winegrowers in the South Coast American Viticultural Area perceive climate and climate impacts, as well as their adaptive capacity based on demographic characteristics, resource accessibility, and subjective feelings of preparedness to climate risks. We find that over the past decade growers are observing fewer rain events (73%) and more frequent heat events (63%). This is followed by observed changes to vineyard phenology, particularly earlier bud burst (32%) and harvest dates (41%). Growers reported implementing a variety of short-term adaptive practices, such as canopy management, but fewer considered long-term anticipatory measures, such as planting drought/heat tolerant varieties. Those who perceived negative impacts of climate change were more likely to have implemented adaptive strategies (p = 0.02), and also reported feeling more prepared (p = 0.05). Despite some growers expressing confidence in overcoming climate challenges, many feel they do not have the necessary support (34%) or resources (52%) to do so. We identify a pressing need for participatory science that fosters cross collaboration and knowledge sharing between growers, academics, and local government agencies toward capacity building.