bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediate and Early Function of Brånemark System® Implants Placed in the Esthetic Zone: A 1‐Year Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study
Authors: Maló Paulo , Friberg Bertil , Polizzi Giovanni , Gualini Federico , Vighagen Torbjörn , Rangert Bo 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Immediate/early implant function means great benefits for patients and therapists because treatment time and cost can be substantially reduced. This concept has become an accepted alternative for complete arch fixed restorations in the mandible, and clinical documentation is emerging for other indications.Purpose:The purpose of this prospective clinical multicenter study was to evaluate the outcome of implants placed in incisor, canine, and premolar regions in maxillas or mandibles. Implants were loaded with provisional crowns and bridges on the same day or within a few days and were followed up for 1 year during function.Materials and Methods:Four centers treated 76 patients each in need of an implant‐retained prosthesis in the anterior and premolar regions in the maxilla or mandible. A total of 116 titanium implants with machined surfaces (Brånemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) were placed: 74 in maxillas and 42 in mandibles. Eighty‐seven prostheses were made, of which 63 were single crowns and 24 were bridges (supported by 53 splinted implants). Twenty‐two implants in 14 patients were placed in fresh extraction sites. The goal with the preparation and insertion technique was to achieve good primary implant stability and a minimum implant insertion torque of 30 Ncm before the implant was completely seated. The occlusion was adjusted to eliminate direct contact with the provisional prostheses. After 6 months, the patients received their permanent prostheses. Sixty‐seven patients were followed for 1 year.Results:Five implants were lost in five patients, three in the maxilla and two in the mandible. Four of the lost implants were single‐tooth replacements and one was splinted. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was 95.7% for all implants after 1 year and 93.7% and 98.1% for single‐tooth and splinted implants, respectively. There were no implant losses in the extraction sites.Conclusions:The CSR of 96% at 1 year indicates that immediate function of Brånemark System implants placed in incisor to premolar regions in both jaws is a viable concept. More failures occurred with single‐tooth replacements (6.3%) than with splinted implants (1.9%).
Immediate Loading of Brånemark System® TiUnite™ and Machined‐Surface Implants in the Posterior Mandible: A Randomized Open‐Ended Clinical Trial
Authors: Rocci Antonio , Martignoni Massimiliano , Gottlow Jan 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Immediate loading of osseointegrating implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period. A previous retrospective clinical study showed a success rate of 94.2% after 1 year of immediate loading of fixed partial constructions in the maxilla supported by machined‐surface implants. The recently introduced Brånemark System® TiUnite™ (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) surface has been shown to better maintain primary implant stability and to help achieve secondary stability earlier compared with the machined surface.Purpose:The aim of the present study was to compare TiUnite and machined‐surfaced Brånemark System implants when applying immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible.Materials and Methods:Forty‐four patients were randomized for test and control therapy. In the test group, 22 patients received 66 Brånemark System TiUnite surface implants supporting 24 fixed partial bridges, all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion. In the control group, 22 patients received 55 Brånemark System machined‐surface implants supporting 22 fixed partial bridges, which also were connected on the day of implant insertion. All constructions were two‐ to four‐unit bridges. Bone quality and quantity were assessed. Radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the 1‐year follow‐up visit.Results:Three TiUnite and eight machined‐surface implants failed during the first 7 weeks of loading. This resulted in a cumulative success rate of 95.5% for TiUnite surface implants after 1 year of prosthetic load in the posterior mandible. The corresponding cumulative success rate for machined‐surface implants was 85.5%. When using the machined‐surface implants, the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites. Such findings were not seen with the use of TiUnite implants, despite the fact that there were more smokers and more implants placed in bone quality 4 in this group. The marginal bone resorption after 1 year of loading was on average 0.9 mm (SD 0.7 mm) with the TiUnite implants and 1.0 mm (SD 0.9 mm) with the machined implants.Conclusions:The present study demonstrated a 10% higher success rate following immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible supported by TiUnite surface implants compared with success with machined implants. When using the machined implants, the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites. Such findings were not seen following the use of TiUnite implants.
Spontaneous Bone Formation in the Maxillary Sinus after Removal of a Cyst: Coincidence or Consequence?
Authors: Lundgren Stefan , Andersson Sten , Sennerby Lars 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Maxillary sinus floor‐augmentation techniques are frequently used to increase the bone volume in the posterior edentulous maxilla to enable placement and integration of titanium implants. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to document an unexpected healing pattern after maxillary sinus surgery and to discuss the implications for future bone‐augmentation techniques. Materials and Methods: In a patient referred for sinus augmentation, an intrasinus mucosal cyst was removed 3 months prior to the planned augmentation procedure. A replaceable bone window was prepared in the lateral aspect of the sinus wall. The cyst was removed, the ruptured mucosa was sutured, and the bone window was replaced, resulting in a secluded space in the sinus. Results: After 3 months of healing, the space between the replaced bony window and the lifted sinus membrane was filled with newly formed bone. The surgical technique was repeated in a second patient and resulted in a similar bone reformation pattern. Conclusion: Surgical trauma and the creation of a secluded space between the bone surfaces and the sinus mucosa result in spontaneous bone formation in the maxillary sinus. The surgical approach described may be used to achieve bone reformation to enable placement of dental implants without the addition of any grafting material.
Space‐Providing Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Devices Define Alveolar Augmentation at Dental Implants Induced by Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in an Absorbable Collagen Sponge Carrier
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Qahash Mohammed , Thomson Robert C. , Cook Aionzo D. , Rohrer Michael D. , Wozney John M. , Hardwick W. Ross 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Surgical implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) significantly enhances bone regeneration in horizontal alveolar defects; however, sufficient quantities of bone for implant dentistry are not routinely obtained. Purpose: The objective of this proof‐of‐principle study was to evaluate the potential of a space‐providing macroporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) device to control volume and geometry of rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced alveolar bone augmentation. Materials and Methods: Bilateral critical‐size supra‐alveolar periimplant defects were created in four Hound‐Labrador mongrel dogs. Two turned and one surface‐etched 10 mm titanium dental implants were placed 5 mm into the surgically reduced alveolar ridge creating 5 mm supra‐alveolar defects. rhBMP‐2/ACS (0.4 mg rhBMP‐2) was placed around the exposed dental implants. Additionally, one jaw quadrant in each animal was randomly assigned to receive the domeshaped macroporous ePTFE device. Mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced for primary wound closure. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post surgery for histometric analysis. Results: The space‐providing macroporous ePTFE device defined the volume and geometry of rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced bone formation, whereas bone formation at sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS alone varied considerably. Vertical bone gain at turned dental implants averaged (SD) 4.7 ± 0.2 mm at sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS and the ePTFE device compared with 3.5 ± 0.9 mm at sites receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS only. The corresponding values for rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced bone area were 9.6 ± 0.7 mm 2 and 7.5 ± 6.2 mm 2. There was a highly significant correlation between induced bone area and the space provided by the ePTFE device (p .001). There was no difference in induced bone density or bone‐implant contact between the two technologies. These observations were consistent with those observed at surface‐etched dental implants. Conclusions: The data from this study suggest that a space‐providing macroporous ePTFE device defines rhBMP‐2/ACS‐induced alveolar augmentation to provide adequate bone quantities for implant dentistry. The dental implant surface technology does not appear to substantially influence bone formation.
Prospective Multicenter Study on Immediate Rehabilitation of Edentulous Lower Jaws According to the Brånemark Novum Protocol
Authors: Henry Patrick J. , van Steenberghe Daniel , Blomback Ulf , Polizzi Giovanni , Rosenberg Ruben , Pi Urgell Joan , Wendelhag Inger 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: During recent years a new treatment concept, Brånemark Novum, has been developed in which implants are inserted in the edentulous lower jaw and immediately connected to a prefabricated titanium bar. A fixed prosthesis is then attached to the bar during or immediately following surgery. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the application of this concept under various settings, to determine technique sensitivity, and to evaluate the clinical outcome after 1 year of follow‐up. Materials and Methods: Fifty‐one patients were included in a prospective multicenter investigation and followed up for 1 year. Cumulative implant survival rates were evaluated by life table analysis. In addition, clinical comparisons were performed to evaluate implant loss in relation to patient characteristics. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the treatment protocols and to obtain patients' opinions. Results: The prosthetic treatment was completed on the same or the following day in 76% of the patients. The cumulative implant survival rates for implants and prostheses were 91% and 94%, respectively, after 12 months. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that single‐stage surgery and immediate loading of implants with prefabricated bridgework in the mandible can result in high implant success and significant reduction in treatment time, with patient satisfaction.
Tapered Implants in Jaws with Soft Bone Quality: A Clinical and Radiographie 1‐Year Study of the Brånemark System Mark IV Fixture
Authors: Åstrand Per , Billström Camilla , Feldmann Hartmut , Fischer Kerstin , Henricsson Vincent , Johansson Björn , Nyström Elisabeth , Sunzel Bo 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The survival rate of oral implants in soft‐quality bone has been demonstrated to be inferior to that of implants inserted in good‐quality bone. A possible way to increase the survival rate in soft‐quality bone may be to use a tapered implant. Such an implant has been developed and manufactured by Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden. So far, there have been only a few publications regarding this implant. Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of using the tapered Branemark System Mark IV fixture with the outcome of using earlier Brånemark fixtures in a controlled prospective study. Materials and Methods: The study was performed as a multicenter study including seven specialist centers. The material consisted of 40 patients in need of implant‐supported bridges in the maxilla. Twenty‐five patients belonged to the test group, in which the tapered Mark IV implants were inserted, and 15 patients belonged to the control group, in which Branemark Standard or Mark II implants were used. The patients were allocated to the test group or the control group according to randomization schedules. The implants were inserted according to the guidelines for Branemark implants. A two‐stage surgical protocol was used, and abutment connection was made 6 months after fixture insertion. The test group comprised 97 Mark IV implants, and the control group made up 92 implants. The prosthetic procedure followed the guidelines for Brånemark implants, and all patients were provided with full fixed maxillary bridges. The patients were followed up with clinical and radiographie records for 1 year after loading. Results: The survival rate was 96.9% for the Mark IV implants and 98.9% for the control implants. There was no significant difference between the two groups. There was a mean marginal bone loss of 0.2 mm during the observation period, and there was no difference between test implants and control implants. Conclusions: With regard to survival rate and marginal bone level changes, no differences could be demonstrated between the Mark IV tapered implant and the Brånemark implants used earlier. However, compared with earlier results of Brånemark implants in soft‐quality bone, the Mark IV implant demonstrated an improved survival rate.
Microbiologic Diagnostics at Titanium Implants
Authors: Leonhardt Åsa , Bergström Christina , Lekholm Ulf 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The microbiota found at periimplant lesions have been shown to contain putative periodontal pathogens as well as opportunistic species such as Staphylococcus spp, enterics, and Candida spp. Therefore, a microbiologic diagnosis may be of value as guidance before treatment of such lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of some putative pathogens associated with long‐term fol‐lowed‐up cases using two different microbiologic procedures. Malerials and Methods: Fifteen subjects contributed with plaque samples from teeth and implants; these were analyzed with respect to 18 putative periimplant pathogens using cultural methods and a deoxyribonucleic acid DNA‐DNA hybridization technique. Results: The number of individuals positive for the analyzed pathogens was similar in samples taken from teeth and implants when analyzed with the DNA‐DNA hybridization technique. When comparing detection frequency by culture procedure and by “checkerboard” technique at implants, the number of individuals positive for these species was lower with the traditional culture technique than with the checkerboard analyses. Using a higher cutoff point (4) with the checkerboard technique, the number of positive individuals was generally lower than that found with the culture technique. When comparing the techniques on an implant site level, the prevalence obtained by culture was lower for all analyzed species. If the specific species were present in the samples analyzed by the checkerboard technique, they were present only in every second sample analyzed with the culture technique. The high specificity values showed that if the checkerboard technique did not detect any Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotla intermedia, Actinobadllus actinomycetem‐comitans, or Fusobacterium nudeatum, the bacteria were also undetectable by the culture technique. The two methods therefore did not overlap but did supplement each other. Conclusions: Based on the current results it is recommended that the technique used when analyzing microbiota around titanium implants should be a combination of the two protocols mentioned as they seem to give the most comprehensive outcome when used together.
Influence of Implant Length and Bicortical Anchorage on Implant Stress Distribution
Authors: Pierrisnard Laurent , Renouard Franck , Renault Patrick , Barquins Michel 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Short implants present superior failure rates for everybody. Purpose: The aim of this theoretic study was to assess to what extent implant length and bicortical anchorage affect the way stress is transferred to implant components, the implant proper, and the surrounding bone. Materials and Methods: Stress analysis was performed using finite element analysis. A three‐dimensional linear elastic model was generated. All implants modeled were of the same diameter (3.75 mm) but varied in length, at 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 mm (Branemark System®, Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). Each implant was modeled with a titanium abutment screw and abutment, a gold cylinder and prosthetic screw, and a ceramic crown. The implants were seated in a supporting bone structure consisting of cortical and cancellous bone. An occlusal load of 100 N was applied at a 30° angle to the buccolingual plane. Results: With the selected model and bone properties, the coronal cortical anchorage was dominating, and the bone stress concentrated to that area. Conclusions: The maximum bone stress was virtually constant, independent of implant length and bicortical anchorage. The maximum implant stress, however, increased somewhat with implant length and bicortical anchorage.
Implant Stability, Tissue Conditions, and Patient Self‐Evaluation after Treatment with Osseointegrated Implants in the Posterior Mandible
Authors: Farzad Payam , Andersson Lars , Gunnarsson Sten , Sharma Prem 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Implant treatment in the posterior mandible is considered challenging because of bone resorption and the presence of the inferior alveolar nerve, which may result in the use of short implants.Purpose:To evaluate implant stability, tissue conditions, and patient opinion after treatment with implant‐supported bridges in the posterior mandible.Materials and Methods:Thirty‐four patients treated with implant‐supported bridges in the posterior mandible according to a two‐stage protocol were clinically and radiographically examined and interviewed after a mean functional time of 3.9 years. One hundred five Brånemark® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) were placed in premolar and molar regions to support 40 bridges. Twenty‐eight implants were placed anterior to the mental foramen, and 77 implants were placed posterior to the mental foramen. Bridges were supported either by two or by three implants. After 2 to 6 years, the bridges were removed to analyze the resonance frequency of the implants with the use of a special instrument (Osstell™ instrument, Integration Diagnostics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), and an implant stability quotient (ISQ) was recorded for each implant.Results:One implant was lost. An ISQ range of 59 to 90 (mean, 70.05) expressed stability of fully integrated implants in the posterior mandible. Significantly higher (p < .024) ISQ values were found in implants in three‐implant bridges when compared with implants in two‐implant bridges. There were no differences in ISQ values between molars/premolars, implant types, implant widths, implant lengths, anchoring depth, or uni‐ or bilateral mandibular bridges. Good mucosal health in the periimplant soft tissue and minor bone resorption around the implants were observed. Patients were generally very satisfied with the treatment outcome.Conclusions:High implant stability can be reached in the posterior mandible. The implants were more stable in three‐implant bridges than in two‐implant bridges. The patients were highly satisfied with the treatment, and few complications were seen.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Enhancing Implant Primary Stability
Authors: O'Sullivan Dominic , Sennerby Lars , Jagger Daryll , Meredith Neil 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Surgical technique and implant design have an effect on the primary stability of oral implants, which in turn increases resistance to implant micromotion during healing.Purpose:This study was designed to compare the parameters associated with implant insertion using two different methods of enhancing implant primary stability and to identify any relationship between these parameters and changes in the stability of implants during the initial 6‐month healing period following implant insertion. A comparison was made between two methods of enhancing primary implant stability: method 1, standard Brånemark System® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) inserted with a technique designed to enhance primary stability, and method 2: Brånemark Mk IV implants (Nobel Biocare AB) inserted according to the manufacturer's instructions.Materials and Methods:Thirteen patients were selected for inclusion in the study. A total of 42 implants were placed. Insertion torque data were recorded, and bone quality at the implant site was assessed at implant insertion. Resonance frequency analysis measurements were taken at implant insertion as well as at second‐stage surgery 6 months later.Results:A statistically significant difference was recorded between the mean maximum insertion torque for type 4 bone and bone types 2 and 3. No significant difference was recorded between bone types 2 and 3. A significantly lower resonance frequency value was seen for standard implants placed into type 4 bone (p < .05). Across all implant types a significant difference in the energy required when inserting implants into type 4 bone and bone types 2 and 3 was seen. A significantly lower mean energy requirement was seen between the Mk IV implants placed into type 4 bone and the other combinations of implant types and bone.Conclusions:Within the limitations of this study, the results agree with the manufacturer's claim that when compared with standard implants, the design of the Mk IV implant increases implant primary stability with a reduction in the energy imparted into the bone at the implant site.