bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on choline acetyltransferase activity measurement for brachial plexus injury
Authors: Yajima Hiroshi , Kawanishi Kouichi , Ohgushi Hajime , Tamai Susumu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in a rat model of brachial plexus injury. In experiment 1, we found that the CAT activity was remarkably high in the anterior roots and low in the posterior roots. In experiment 2, nerve root segments were extracted and examined for CAT activity in the root avulsion group (group A) and the plexus severance group (group B). CAT activity decreased day by day in group A, reaching about 1/20 of the normal 5 days postoperatively. By contrast, in group B activity decreased only slightly, and even at 90 days postoperatively was about 6,000 cpm (one‐half normal level). As a result, CAT activity enabled us to distinghish postganglionic from preganglionic injury of the cervical roots. Furthermore, it was a useful adjunct for minimizing nerve loss in intercostal nerve transfer, distinguishing motor and sensory branches of the intercostal nerve, and evaluating the motor nerve activity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The versatility of free rectus femoris muscle flap: An alternative flap
Authors: Wei Ching‐Yueh , Chuang David Chwei‐Chin , Chen Hung‐Chi , Lin Chih‐Hung , Wong Sing‐Sieng , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the 10‐year period from June 1985 to December 1994, 54 free rectus femoris muscle or musculocutaneous flaps were performed at our hospital. It has been one of the most frequently used free muscle flaps in our institution and forms 2% of all free tissue transfers (total, 2,769 cases). In 26 patients, it was used for large wound coverage following debridement or tumor ablation, and in 27 patients, as a functioning free muscle transplantation for brachial plexus palsy or traumatic muscle loss. In one patient the components of the deep aponeurosis, muscle, and overlying skin were used for reconstruction of an abdominal wall defect after neurilemmoma excision. There were two complete failures, one due to diabetic foot infection and one due to venous occlusion. Four had superficial marginal skin necrosis. No significant disability of the donor limb was encountered. Easy approach, rapid harvest, large and reliable overlying skin flap, a single dominant neurovascular pedicle (with large vessel diameter and long motor nerve), easy primary closure of the donor site, and minimal donor site morbidity all make the rectus femoris flap a good alternative flap for free tissue transfer, in addition to the gracilis, rectus abdominis, and latissimus dorsi muscle flap. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple monitoring technique for muscle flaps
Authors: Dagum Alexander B. , Dowd Andrew J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple monitoring technique for the detection of postoperative arterial flow failure in muscle flaps is described. The technique consists of isolating a musculocutaneous perforator on elevation of a muscle flap. This cutaneous perforator is observed for pulsation in the postoperative period. Abrupt cessation prior to 48 hours should be an indicator for prompt clinical evaluation of the muscle flap by an experienced microsurgeon to rule out arterial thrombosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of different types of free foot flaps in hand surgery
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Wang Yan , You Ruoxu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFrom 1987, nine types of free vascularized flaps or combined flaps from the foot were used to treat 26 cases of hand injury with tissue loss. They were: (1) combined flap of 4 toe dorsums, big toe pulp, first toe web, and dorsalis pedis flap with long extensor tendons of the toes, (2) composite skin flap with the second metatarsophalangeal joint, (3) wrap‐around flap from the great toe, (4) first toe web flap, (5) toe pulp flap with only an artery and a nerve, (6) wrap‐around flap of the great toe with a dorsalis pedis flap, (7) second toe with dorsalis pedis flap, (8) dorsalis pedis flap, and (9) first toe web flap with second metatarsal bone. All flaps survived. All the patients have used their reconstructed hand. Of the final motor functions of the reconstructed hands, 68.8% are excellent, 27.3% are good, 3.9% are fair. Of the final cosmetic results of the reconstructed hands, 76.9% are excellent, 15.3% are good, 7.8% are acceptable. Of the patients, 64.9% are satisfied with the final results of the donor sites, 31.2% feel it is acceptable, and 3.9% feel it is unsatisfactory. The selection, indication, merits and demerits of vascularized foot flaps and attentive points in the operations are discussed in this paper. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eight years experience in crush and avulsion type finger amputation
Authors: Özerkan Fuat , Ada Sait , Bora Arslan , Kaplan Ibrahim , Ademoĝlu Yalcin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBetween July 1986 and July 1994, we studied 125 total finger amputations due to crush and avulsion type injuries at the lzmir Hand and Microsurgery Hospital. Of the 125 fingers replanted, 88 were successful, for a general survival rate of 70.4%. In the period between 1986 and 1991, we performed end‐to‐end anastomoses and achieved a survival rate of 48.3% (Group I). Between 1991 and 1994, with the application of a primary interpositional vein graft for the required indications in this type of injury, the general survival rate increased to 77.1% (Group II; P < 0.05). We conclude that the significant increase in the survival rate in Group II is related to both the increased experience of the surgical team and the application of the primary interpositional vein graft. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of the perforating vein in vascular pedicle of free forearm flap
Authors: Tahara Shinya , Takagi Tadashi , Kinishi Minoru , Makino Kunihiko , Amatsu Mutsuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn innovation in the preparation of the vascular pedicle of the free radial forearm flap is presented. While the radial artery is commonly used as the arterial pedicle of the flap, either the cutaneous venous system or the radial comitant vein (deep venous system) is used as the venous pedicle. The perforating vein communicates between these two venous systems at the cubital fossa, and we confirmed its presence in all but one of more than 180 cases. When the vascular pedicle is dissected proximally to the perforating vein contained in the flap, the venous drainage of both the deep and cutaneous systems can be restored by anastomosis of only one vein: the cutanous or the radial comitant vein. On the other hand, the flap can be raised with the radial vessels (without the cutaneous vein) at the start of surgery, and a large caliber cutaneous vein, such as the median cubital, the cephalic, or the basilic, can be used for anastomosis in cases where the cutaneous veins in the distal forearm are too thin, or where the radial comitant vein is composed of two thin separated veins. We believe that preserving the perforating vein would make the forearm flap more reliable and more convenient in reconstructive surgery. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of phosphate concentration in buffered irrigating solutions on arterial thrombosis
Authors: Brown David M. , Kania Norbert , Lantieri Laurent A. , Pasia E. Neil , Khouri Roger K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe concentration of phosphate in buffered saline irrigation solutions was evaluated for its effect upon the incidence of arterial thrombosis. A rabbit thrombosis model of combined intimal abrasion and twisted pedicle in the rabbit central ear artery was used. Higher concentrations of phosphate (20 mM) in normal saline yielded a lower thrombosis rate at 7 days postoperatively (50%) in comparison to 5 mM phosphate (89% thrombosis rate; P<0.05). A standard phosphate‐buffered salt solution (Dulbecco's; 9.5 mM phosphate with potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts) also had a high thrombosis rate (91%). This study demonstrates that subtle variations in the irrigation solution can have profound effects upon arterial thrombosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rat strain differences in flap tolerance to ischemia
Authors: Deune E. Gene , Khouri Roger K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe rat epigastric island flap model is commonly used to explore ischemia‐related phenomena. We sought to evaluate strain differences in tolerance to ischemia using two commonly used rat strains: Sprague‐Dawley and Lewis. Epigastric flaps (3 × 6 cm) based on the superficial epigastric artery and vein were raised bilaterally in each rat (2 flaps/rat). Ischemia was induced for 10, 12, 14, or 16 hours by placing temporary occlusion clamps on each vessel of the vascular pedicle. Surviving flap areas were assessed planimetrically after 7 days. The average area of surviving flap tissue was greater in the Lewis rats for all ischemia times; this achieved significance for 12 hours and 14 hours of ischemia (P<0.005). These findings indicate that comparisons among studies on rat flap ischemia must take into account the particular strain used. Furthermore, these findings suggest an inherent capacity of Lewis rat tissue to withstand ischemia better than tissue of the Sprague‐Dawley rat strain. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Classification and comparison of five techniques of end‐to‐end microarterial anastomoses in rats: A new proposed technique
Authors: Gahankari Dilipkumar Ramesh , Lalwani Nimmi R. , Phatak Anuradha M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe propose a new classification of five main techniques for microarterial anastomoses: interrupted, autogenous cuff, continuous, sleeve and partial sleeve. The last method was developed by the authors. A study was performed on 48 albino rats and comprised 20 anastomoses of each type (for a total of 100), performed on femoral and carotid arteries of average size 0.83 mm. These were compared with respect to patency, anastomosis time, leak, bleeding time, number of sutures (bites), microangiography, histopathology and scanning electron microscopy. The overall patency was 88%, and that of the partial sleeve technique was 100%, associated with 30% incidence of aneurysms. Clinical, histopathological and scanning electron microscopy findings showed better results for techniques with predominantly extraluminal sutures (sleeve and partial sleeve), which was particularly relevant in our situation, in which a larger sized needle (150 μm) had to be used. An overall aneurysm incidence of 17% was noted. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurements of tissue blood flow by the hydrogen clearance technique (HCT): A comparative study including laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the erlangen micro‐lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO)
Authors: Machens Hans‐Guenther , Pallua Norbert , Mailaender Peter , Pasel Jan , Frank Karl‐Heinz , Reimer Ralf , Berger Alfred 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the hydrogen clearance technique (HCT) with two different, well‐established techniques, i.e., the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the Eriangen micro‐lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO), for tissue blood flow measurements in an experimental setting. For the animal experiments, we chose a rat model for arterial and venous flap thrombosis, using the epigastric groin flap. Forty male dark Aguty rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into eight groups, each with a different vascular thrombotic model. HCT was used to collect 1,467 measurements, and 2,934 graphs were recorded; 27 measurements (54 graphs) had to be discarded due to faulty electrode placements and electronic noise. In 19 of the 27 discarded measurements the cause of failure was moving of the awaking animal with disruption of the decay signal. The LDF and EMPHO measurements were performed continuously during each measuring phase. Simple and multiple linear regression and paired t‐tests were used to compare the three techniques. The reproducibility of registered blood flow values in phases 1, 3, 6 and 7 varied between 7.8% and 13.6% which is in about the same range as LDF and EMPHO. We could not find a significant difference between the three techniques in this regard. The correlation coefficient for HCT and LDF was r = 0.89. For HCT and EMPHO we found r = 0.67. Sensitivity and specificity values for HCT were both 1.0 in detecting arterial and venous flap thrombosis; for LDF we found values of 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity values for EMPHO were 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. After careful evaluation of three different techniques (HCT, LDF, and EMPHO) for measurements of local tissue blood flow we came to the conclusion that HCT must be favoured as a reliable tool for quantitative measurement of local tissue blood flow and early diagnosis of arterial and venous flap thrombosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of vascularised iliac crest and vascularised fibula transfer for reconstruction of segmental and partial bone defects in long bones of the lower extremity
Authors: Hierner Robert , Wood Michael B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe results and complications of lower extremity bone reconstruction using microvascular fibula transfer were retrospectively compared with reconstruction using microvascular iliac crest transfer. Seventeen patients matched as much as possible in regard to location of defect (femur, tibia, ankle) and aetiology (traumatic defect, osteomyelitis) were studied in each group. Data collected included number of prior operative procedures, length of bony defect, presence or absence of associated soft tissue loss, the final clinical and radiographic result, technique of bone immobilisation and duration to union, complications including patency of microvascular anastomoses (if known) and nature and number of additional operative procedures. The outcome of this study suggests that, for reconstruction of the femur or tibia bridging a defect greater than 10 cms, fibula transfer yielded a satisfactory outcome. For defects less than 10 cms resulting from debridement for osteomyelitis, iliac crest transfer yielded a more favourable result. Moreover, the iliac crest appeared to be more optimal than the fibula for reconstruction about the ankle regardless of aetiology. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decision making and results in subtotal and total lower leg amputations: Reconstruction versus amputation
Authors: Hierner R. , Betz A. M. , Comtet J.‐J. , Berger A. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs a result of modern therapeutic and technological advances, the surgeon has the ability to salvage even the most severely injured lower limbs. However, the success of replantation nowadays is no longer measured simply on the basis of restoration of viability but also on functional outcome compared with primary amputation with early prosthetic fitting, the risk to the patient during and after replantation and the overall time of treatment which should not exceed 2 years. Although every major limb replantation has to be considered individually, the decision‐making process for reconstruction (replantation/revascularisation) versus amputation with subsequent early prosthetic fitting should be determined by objective criteria. Based on personal experience and an extensive literature search, an algorithm for treatment of amputation or amputation‐like injuries to the lower leg has been developed and tested in a clinical study. A 100% viability success rate was achieved. There was not only a significant increase in the percentage of “functional extremities” but also a doubling in grade I results. Moreover, there was a 50% reduction in patients presenting a “non‐functional extremity”, and no patient required a secondary re‐amputation. The replantation risk (e.g., risk of severe systemic disturbance during and/or after replantation) was about 16.6% (2/12) in our study. There was a significant decrease in the postoperative complication rate and no patient died during or after replantation. Based on our experience, if reconstruction in subtotal or total lower leg amputation is done for a well‐selected patient group, good functional results with a reasonable replantation risk and a reasonable time for social re‐integration can be achieved. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of frenular penile‐brachial index in the assessment of penile vasculature
Authors: Nagler Harris M. , Katz P. Gary , White Ralph Devere 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe evaluation for vasculogenic causes of impotence includes penile Doppler studies. These are often time‐consuming and tedious procedures. A retrospective study of the last 54 penile Doppler examinations was carried out to determine if an abbreviated study would accurately reflect the status of the penile vasculature. The frenular sound is easily auscultated. There is statistically significant correlation between frenular penile‐brachial index (PBI) and corporal PBI. We therefore recommend that the frenular PBI be used as a screening procedure. More complete Doppler studies including corporal measurements are only necessary when the frenular PBI is not normal.
Postprostatectomy urinary incontinence: Urodynamic assessment
Authors: Yalla Subbarao V. , Karsh Lawrence , Kearney Gary , Fraser Lionel , Finn Daniel , DeFelippo Noel , Dyro Frances M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis communication deals with our urodynamic observations in 21 incontinent postprostatectomy patients. The factors causing incontinence were (1) persistent detrusor hyperactivity, (2) sphincter failure causing passive incontinence, and (3) a combination of the above two factors. None of the 21 subjects had any evidence of residual outlet obstruction.
Precise urodynamic assessment of meatal and distal urethral stenosis in girls
Authors: Griffiths D. J. , Scholtmeijer R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPressure/flow studies of micturition and urethral calibration have been carried out in some 100 girls, mean age 8.5 years, suffering from enuresis and/or recurrent urinary tract infections. By means of special urodynamic methods, including micturition with a thick urethral catheter that exaggerates the effect of urethral narrowing, a urodynamic caliber can often be assigned to any anatomic narrowing. This urodynamic caliber is closely related to the distal urethral or meatal caliber obtained with the bougie A boule, showing that both are measures of the same narrowing. In 68% of the girls the distal urethra and meatus are so wide that there is no urodynamically detectable obstruction even when the thick (8 FG) catheter is present. When the effect of the catheter is allowed for, only 3.5% of the girls show real anatomic obstruction, a further 7% being borderline. In our material the few urethras with a bougie a boule calibration of 14 FG are all urodynamically obstructed, and those calibrating at 16 FG are sometimes so. It has previously been shown that in this group of stenoses the results of dilatation are better than average, supporting the conclusion that a real anatomic obstruction has been relieved.
Micturitional static urethral pressure profilometry in women
Authors: Woodside Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMicturitional static urethral pressure profilometry is an accurate method to identify the location and degree of bladder outlet and urethral obstruction in men. Described herein are the results of micturitional static urethral pressure profilometry in 17 women: 13 were nonobstructed, 3 were obstructed, and 1 voided by abdominal straining. The location of the static pressure drop was in the terminal urethral segment in all patients and was clearly distal to the location of the maximum urethral pressure determined on urethral closure pressure profilometry. It is concluded that the terminal urethral segment controls urinary flow, determines the voiding pressure, and that micturitional static urethral pressure profilometry can accurately identify the location of physiologic obstructions in the female urethra.
Momentum flux measurement in boys: A clinical evaluation
Authors: Griffiths D. J. , Scholtmeijer R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractValues of the momentum flux in the urinary stream and the urinary flow rate have been measured in 58 boys. The momentum flux is related to the flow rate as expected theoretically. The momentum flux is only weakly related to age and to the presence of detrusor instability. Patients with meatal stenosis tend to have a relatively high momentum flux, but the predictive value of momentum flux measurement is poor unless combined with a urodynamic study of micturition. We do not consider the measurement to have much clinical value in boys.
Detrusor instability in children
Authors: Griffiths D. J. , Scholtmeijer R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn routine cystometric investigation of children complaining of enuresis and/or recurrent urinary tract infections, the incidence of apparent detrusor instability is high and only very weakly related to symptoms. It is not reproducible in repeated tests and is provoked by anxiety associated with the examination. By performing three successive cystometries at one sitting, while the child sits watching TV, we are able to reduce the anxiety and to identify a hard core of detrusors that are consistently unstable in all three tests. Consistent instability is related to symptoms. Among nocturnally enuretic boys, it is much more common in those who have additional daytime symptoms. Among girls, it is significantly more common among those complaining of enuresis than among those complaining of recurrent urinary tract infections. These results suggest that there are two types of enuresis, in only one of which detrusor instability is a contributory factor, and that detrusor instability is not associated with a history of repeated urinary tract infections. They show also that clinically significant information can be obtained by a simple cystometric method that can easily be carried out on an out‐patient basis.
Innervation of human penile blood vessels
Authors: McConnell Joann , Benson George S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNerve fibers and varicosities were localized with histochemical techniques in the tunica adventitia of human penile blood vessels. At the light microscopic level, these nerves were either adrenergic or acetylcholinesterase (AChE)‐positive. With the electron microscope, adrenergic, cholinergic, and possible peptidergic varicosities were found in these pen vascular nerves. The physiological effect of such a varied innervation of the penile vasculature in the processes of erection and detumescence and recent data on these processes are discussed.
The muscarinic cholinergic binding kinetics of the human urinary bladder
Authors: Levin Robert M. , Staskin David R. , Wein Alan J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetermination of (1) the absolute number of cholinergic receptors, (2) the cholinergic binding kinetics, and (3) the direct antimuscarinic activity of a series of uropharmacologic agents was accomplished by radioligand binding techniques in tissue derived from human urinary bladder. The competition between 3H‐quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H‐QNB) binding and selective antagonists provided the first quantitative assessment of cholinergic receptor characteristics in the human bladder fundus and represents a potential method for assessing the antimuscarinic binding potential of uropharmacologic agents.
Complex repetitive discharges in the external urethral sphincter in a pediatric population
Authors: Dyro Frances M. , Bauer Stuart B. , Hallett Mark , Khoshbin Shahram 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComplex repetitive discharges (CRDs) were seen in 26 patients undergoing urodynarnic studies. Eleven patients had myelodysplasia, 12 patients had urinary incontinence and/or urgency and/or recurrent urinary tract infections without evident neurologic abnormality, and 3 patients had spinal cord tumors. All exhibited abnormalities on urodynamic evaluation, either upper or lower motor neuron in type. Six girls with incontinence and CRDs had positive family histories, and these features define a possible genetic syndrome of delayed maturation of control over micturition.