bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and mechanical properties of LC cladding layer for friction parts
Authors: Jiang Lingbo 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: In the actual engineering operation, there are some components facing high frequency friction, which have high damage rate and poor direct replacement benefit. In order to achieve sustainable resource utilization and more effective component remanufacturing, research was conducted on the cladding layer of friction components.Methods: Based on the idea of remanufacturing, taking 42CrMo as the raw material of engine piston pin hole, laser cladding technology and ultrasonic rolling technology are used to prepare the cladding layers of Fe, Ni and Co three different substrates.Results and Discussion: The experimental results showed that the Co based cladding layer with ultrasonic rolling technology performed best. The surface roughness reduced by 1.02 μm, only 0.14 μm. The microhardness increased by 101.39%, with 795.38 HV. The friction coefficient was 0.051. The friction rate at high temperature decreased by 85.71%, and it was 1.2%. The friction at high temperature was reduced by 79.24%, with 0.9%.Conclusion: Co based cladding layer combined with ultrasonic rolling technology shows the best performance, which can effectively realize the remanufacturing of engine piston pin hole, providing technical reference and data support for the remanufacturing process of high-frequency friction components.
Obstacles and facilitators to preventing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a qualitative study with general practitioners
Authors: Leruste Sébastien , Baelen François , Doray Bérénice , Maillard Thierry , Marimoutou Catherine , Spodenkiewicz Michel 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders are the leading cause of non-genetic intellectual disability. The damage caused, although completely preventable, is irreversible and requires lifelong support. General Practitioners have an important role in the prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. However, evidence suggests that General Practitioners do not monitor systematically alcohol consumption among pregnant women.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to understand the barriers and motivations of General Practitioners in the prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders on Reunion Island.MethodsA qualitative research study was conducted by conducting semi-structured individual interviews with general practitioners. Participants were selected by random or snowball sampling. General practitioners who worked only in unscheduled care services were excluded from this study. After the interviews were transcribed, a verbatim analysis was performed according to the principles of grounded theory.ResultsTwenty interviews were conducted by two researchers between November and December 2020. General practitioners expressed discomfort in addressing alcohol consumption and excessive drinking in women. They had inaccurate theoretical knowledge and a lack of practical experience with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. They also showed little knowledge of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders care pathway available on Reunion Island. Both patients and general practitioners expressed discomfort when discussing women’s alcohol consumption. Conflicting government policies were highlighted as alcohol promotion campaigns overshadowed Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders prevention initiatives.ConclusionGeneral practitioners should be open and non-judgmental in their interactions with women and couples, with a focus on early detection and short-term intervention. General practitioners should be better educated about Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and have a clearer understanding of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders care pathway.
Speech decoding using cortical and subcortical electrophysiological signals
Authors: Wu Hemmings , Cai Chengwei , Ming Wenjie , Chen Wangyu , Zhu Zhoule , Feng Chen , Jiang Hongjie , Zheng Zhe , Sawan Mohamad , Wang Ting , Zhu Junming 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionLanguage impairments often result from severe neurological disorders, driving the development of neural prosthetics utilizing electrophysiological signals to restore comprehensible language. Previous decoding efforts primarily focused on signals from the cerebral cortex, neglecting subcortical brain structures’ potential contributions to speech decoding in brain-computer interfaces.MethodsIn this study, stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) was employed to investigate subcortical structures’ role in speech decoding. Two native Mandarin Chinese speakers, undergoing sEEG implantation for epilepsy treatment, participated. Participants read Chinese text, with 1–30, 30–70, and 70–150 Hz frequency band powers of sEEG signals extracted as key features. A deep learning model based on long short-term memory assessed the contribution of different brain structures to speech decoding, predicting consonant articulatory place, manner, and tone within single syllable.ResultsCortical signals excelled in articulatory place prediction (86.5% accuracy), while cortical and subcortical signals performed similarly for articulatory manner (51.5% vs. 51.7% accuracy). Subcortical signals provided superior tone prediction (58.3% accuracy). The superior temporal gyrus was consistently relevant in speech decoding for consonants and tone. Combining cortical and subcortical inputs yielded the highest prediction accuracy, especially for tone.DiscussionThis study underscores the essential roles of both cortical and subcortical structures in different aspects of speech decoding.
Analysis of clinical data of different endometrial pathological types in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Wang Li , Quan Shimin , Bai E. , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveEarly detection and diagnosis are important for improving the therapeutic effect and quality of life in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). This study aimed to analyze the clinical data of different endometrial pathological types in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in order to provide evidence for the prevention and early diagnosis of EC.MethodsA total of 462 perimenopausal women with AUB were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Endometrial biopsy was performed in patients with suspected endometrial lesions. According to the pathological examination results, the patients were divided into endometrial polyp group (EP) (n = 71), endometrial hyperplasia without atypia group (EH) (n = 59), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) (n = 36), and EC group (n = 27). The history risk factors and ultrasonic imaging characteristics of endometrium among the four groups were compared.ResultsTwenty-seven women were diagnosed with EC (5.84%). The prevalence rate of AEH and EC in the group of 51- to 55-year-old women was significantly higher than that in the groups of 40- to 45-year-old women and of 46- to 50-year-old women (P &lt; 0.05). The age, body mass index, and history of diabetes gradually increased with the development of endometrial pathological types. In addition, the correlation index of endometrial blood flow increased gradually, and the proportion of uneven endometrial echo, unclear endometrial–myometrial junction (EMJ), and ovarian cyst also increased gradually. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing endometrial thickness (ET) and endometrial volume (EV) among endometrial pathological groups (P &gt; 0.05). The ET, EV, endometrial vascularization index, endometrial flow index, and vascularization flow index in the ovarian cyst group were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05), and the proportion of uneven endometrium echo and unclear EMJ were significantly higher compared with that in the non-ovarian cyst group (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe most common cause of perimenopausal women with AUB was benign endometrial lesions. However, women aged 51–55 years old with endometrial high risk factors and ovarian cyst should be alert to AEH and EC. Endometrial biopsy needs to be performed to determine endometrial malignancy in necessity.
In vivo measurement of pediatric extracorporeal oxygenator insensible losses; a single center pilot study
Authors: Suttles Tess L. , Poe John , Neumayr Tara M. , Said Ahmed S. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionFluid overload on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) is associated with worse outcomes. Previous in vitro studies have attempted to quantify oxygenator-related insensible losses, as failure to account for this fluid loss may lead to inaccurate fluid balance assessment and potentially harmful clinical management, such as unnecessary exposure to diuretics, slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF), or continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT). We performed a novel in vivo study to measure insensible fluid losses in pediatric ECMO patients.MethodsPediatric ECMO patients were approached over eleven months in the pediatric and cardiac intensive care units. The water content of the oxygenator inflow sweep gas and exhaust gas were calculated by measuring the ambient temperature and relative humidity at frequent intervals and various sweep flow.Results and discussionNine subjects were enrolled, generating 431 data points. The cohort had a median age of 11 years IQR [0.83, 13], weight of 23.2 kg IQR [6.48, 44.28], and body surface area of 0.815 m2 IQR [0.315, 1.3725]. Overall, the cohort had a median sweep of 2.5 L/min [0.9, 4], ECMO flow of 3.975 L/m2/min [0.75, 4.51], and a set ECMO temperature of 37 degrees Celsius [36.6, 37.2]. The calculated net water loss per L/min of sweep was 75.93 ml/day, regardless of oxygenator size or patient weight. There was a significant difference in median documented vs. calculated fluid balance incorporating the insensible fluid loss, irrespective of oxygenator size (pediatric oxygenator: 7.001 ml/kg/day [−12.37, 28.59] vs. −6.11 ml/kg/day [−17.44, 13.01], respectively, p = 0.005 and adult oxygenator: 14.36 ml/kg/day [1.54, 25.77] and 9.204 ml/kg/day [−1.28, 22.05], respectively, p = &lt;0.001). We present this pilot study of measured oxygenator-associated insensible fluid losses on ECMO. Our results are consistent with prior in vitro methods and provide the basis for future studies evaluating the impact of incorporating these fluid losses into patients' daily fluid balance on patient management and outcomes.
Comparison of performance of automatic recognizers for stutters in speech trained with event or interval markers
Authors: Barrett Liam , Tang Kevin , Howell Peter 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAutomatic recognition of stutters (ARS) from speech recordings can facilitate objective assessment and intervention for people who stutter. However, the performance of ARS systems may depend on how the speech data are segmented and labelled for training and testing. This study compared two segmentation methods: event-based, which delimits speech segments by their fluency status, and interval-based, which uses fixed-length segments regardless of fluency.MethodsMachine learning models were trained and evaluated on interval-based and event-based stuttered speech corpora. The models used acoustic and linguistic features extracted from the speech signal and the transcriptions generated by a state-of-the-art automatic speech recognition system.ResultsThe results showed that event-based segmentation led to better ARS performance than interval-based segmentation, as measured by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. The results suggest differences in the quality and quantity of the data because of segmentation method. The inclusion of linguistic features improved the detection of whole-word repetitions, but not other types of stutters.DiscussionThe findings suggest that event-based segmentation is more suitable for ARS than interval-based segmentation, as it preserves the exact boundaries and types of stutters. The linguistic features provide useful information for separating supra-lexical disfluencies from fluent speech but may not capture the acoustic characteristics of stutters. Future work should explore more robust and diverse features, as well as larger and more representative datasets, for developing effective ARS systems.
Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
Authors: Chard Emelie , Bergstad Cecilia Jakobsson , Steentjes Katharine , Poortinga Wouter , Demski Christina 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionGender differences have been identified in both the engagement in and the determinants of sustainable diet behaviours. However, as engagement in pro-environmental behaviours varies across countries, the consistency of gender differences could follow similar patterns. Understanding the factors underlying gender and country differences in diet intentions is important for determining how to promote sustainable diets in different populations.MethodsUsing survey data from the UK, China, Sweden and Brazil (N=4,569), this paper examines the influence of subjective norms, diet-related identity, perceived status of meat consumption, environmental identity and environmental concern on sustainable diet intentions. Multigroup analysis was used to explore gender and country differences in the influence of these variables, and whether gender differences were consistent across the four countries.ResultsThe findings show that there are gender differences in the influence of diet-related identity and perceived status of meat consumption, as well as cross-country differences in all factors except subjective norms. Holding a strong diet-related meat identity negatively affected sustainable diet intentions in all groups. Crucially, however, gender differences are not consistent across countries.DiscussionThese results suggest that individuals’ intentions to engage in sustainable diet behaviours are influenced by nationally unique gender associations.
Utility of the 3Di short version in the identification and diagnosis of autism in children at the Kenyan coast
Authors: Kipkemoi Patricia , Kariuki Symon M. , Gona Joseph , Mwangi Felicita Wangeci , Kombe Martha , Kipkoech Collins , Murimi Paul , Mandy William , Warrington Richard , Skuse David , Newton Charles R.J.C. , Abubakar Amina 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe precise epidemiological burden of autism is unknown because of the limited capacity to identify and diagnose the disorder in resource-constrained settings, related in part to a lack of appropriate standardised assessment tools and health care experts. We assessed the reliability, validity, and diagnostic accuracy of the Developmental Diagnostic Dimensional Interview (3Di) in a rural setting on the Kenyan coast.MethodsUsing a large community survey of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), we administered the 3Di to 2,110 children aged between 6 years and 9 years who screened positive or negative for any NDD and selected 242 who had specific symptoms suggestive of autism based on parental report and the screening tools for review by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. On the basis of recorded video, a multi-disciplinary team applied the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule to establish an autism diagnosis. Internal consistency was used to examine the reliability of the Swahili version of the 3Di, tetrachoric correlations to determine criterion validity, structural equation modelling to evaluate factorial structure and receiver operating characteristic analysis to calculate diagnostic accuracy against Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnosis.ResultsThe reliability coefficients for 3Di were excellent for the entire scale {McDonald’s omega (ω) = 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.91]}. A higher-order three-factor DSM-IV-TR model showed an adequate fit with the model, improving greatly after retaining high-loading items and correlated items. A higher-order two-factor DSM-5 model also showed an adequate fit. There were weak to satisfactory criterion validity scores [tetrachoric rho = 0.38 (p = 0.049) and 0.59 (p = 0.014)] and good diagnostic accuracy metrics [area under the curve = 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54–0.96) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.49–0.73] for 3Di against the DSM criteria. The 3Di had a moderate sensitivity [66.7% (95% CI: 0.22–0.96)] and a good specificity [82.5% (95% CI: 0.74–0.89)], when compared with the DSM-5. However, we observed poor sensitivity [38.9% (95% CI: 0.17–0.64)] and good specificity [83.5% (95% CI: 0.74–0.91)] against DSM-IV-TR.ConclusionThe Swahili version of the 3Di provides information on autism traits, which may be helpful for descriptive research of endophenotypes, for instance. However, for accuracy in newly diagnosed autism, it should be complemented by other tools, e.g., observational clinical judgment using the DSM criteria or assessments such as the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The construct validity of the Swahili 3Di for some domains, e.g., communication, should be explored in future studies.
Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy of the Chinese public regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gao Huiming , Liu Xiaohui , Jiang Zhixia , Huang Shiming , Pan Xiaoying , Long Jianmei , Tong Qingqing , Li Li , Zhou Manhong , Hu Rujun 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the current status of Chinese public’s knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and self-efficacy regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to analyze the factors that influence KAP and self-efficacy.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to June 2022 in Mainland China via a self-designed self-filled questionnaire. Potential participants were recruited through WeChat by convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe survey included 4,450 participants from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities across Mainland China, aged 18 or above. The public’s average understanding (clear and very clear) of the knowledge regarding CPR was 67.4% (3,000/4,450), with an average proportion of positive attitudes at 96.8% (4,308/4,450). In practice, the average proportion of good practices was 92.8% (4,130/4,450), while the percentage of good self-efficacy averaged at 58.9% (2,621/4,450), only 42.4% (1,885/4,450) of the participants had confidence in the correct use of automated external defibrillator (AED). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation among knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy (p &lt; 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that several factors have a significant influence on the public’s CPR KAP and self-efficacy, including ever having received CPR training (p &lt; 0.001), hearing about AED (p &lt; 0.001), performing CPR on others (p &lt; 0.001), hearing about CPR (p &lt; 0.001), occupation (p &lt; 0.001), personal health status (p &lt; 0.001), education level (p &lt; 0.001), gender (p &lt; 0.001), and encountering someone in need of CPR (p = 0.021).ConclusionThe Chinese public demonstrates good knowledge of CPR, positive attitude, and high willingness to perform CPR. However, there is still room for improvement in the mastery of some professional knowledge points related to CPR and AED. It should be noted that knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy are interrelated and influence each other. Factors such as prior CPR training, hearing about AED, having performed CPR before, hearing about CPR, occupation, personal health status, education level, gender, and having encountered someone in need of CPR have a significant impact on the public’s KAP and self-efficacy.
Biología pesquera de la gallineta, Prionotus stephanophrys (Lockington, 1880), procedentes de la flota polivalente durante el 2017 y 2018 en Ecuador
Authors: España Mindiolaza Sara , Revelo Ramírez Willan , Vergara Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

La gallineta (Prionotus stephanophrys) es una de las especies más capturadas como parte de la fauna acompañante dentro de las faenas de pesca de la flota merlucera; por lo tanto, la presente investigación analizó la relación talla-peso, índice gonadosomático y talla media de madurez sexual de 622 individuos capturados incidentalmente por la flota polivalente en la costa ecuatoriana entre el 2017 y 2018, donde se observó que las tallas más frecuentes oscilaron entre 25 – 30 cm LT para ambos sexos, con una talla promedio para hembras de 27.73 ± 2.88 cm LT y para machos de 26.78 ± 2.51 cm LT; sin embargo, de manera general, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la estructura de tallas en años combinados (p = > 0.05). Adicionalmente, la talla media de madurez sexual estimada fue de 20.22 cm de LT, por lo tanto, se considera que todos los individuos capturados incidentalmente se encuentran por encima de la madurez sexual, con únicamente el 3.86 % por debajo de esta. La relación longitud total - peso total mostró para la especie un crecimiento alométrico negativo; mientras que, el índice gonadosomático estableció que la época reproductiva corresponde de marzo a noviembre y de abril a mayo como de reposo. La mayor captura incidental de individuos, sobre todo de hembras coincidió con la mayor intensidad reproductiva, con una proporción sexual de 1.5:1.
Aspek Hukum Implikasi Tantangan Globalisasi Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Di Sumatera Utara
Authors: Sintara Dani , Bahri Samsul , Japatani Bonanda , Maryani Halimatul 
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian terhadap pengaruh globalisasi pada pelaksanaan pemerintahan daerah dan untuk menemukan kendala pemerintah daerah dalam era globalisasi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan memanfaatkan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang pertama bahwa pengaruh globalisasi terhadap pemerintahan daerah telah memberikan warna atau corak pemerintahan yang otonom dengan mengikuti perkembangan jaman dan teknologi. Dalam kaitan ini, ditinjau dari asfek penyelenggaraan otonomi luas maka Pemerintahan Daerah beserta dengan masyarakatnya akan semakin memainkan peranan yang besar dalam membangun kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan sosial ekonomi masyarakat di daerah yang bersangkutan. Pemanfaatan teknologi dan informasi telah merubah struktur kebijakan pemerintah daerah yang berorientasi pada globalisasi. Kedua, di era globalisasi saat ini pemerintah daerah mengalami beberapa kendala diantaranya sumber daya manusia aparatur pemerintah daerah yang belum mampu bersaing secara global, lemahnya kordinasi antara kepala daerah dengan Lembaga-lembaga daerah dalam pengambilan kebijakan yang bertentangan karkater dan budaya masyarakat daerah serta adanya ketidaksinkronan kebijakan pemerintah daerah dengan dengan Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan Daerah yang berujung pada perbuatan korup pejabat daerah.
¿Qué sucede con la inmanencia en la reflexión lingüística y semiológica de Saussure?
Authors: Arrivé Michel 
Published: February 2024

Rara vez Saussure utiliza —¿tal vez jamás?— el término inmanencia. Sin embargo, su reflexión se inscribe claramente en un acercamiento inmanentista, pero de una forma específica. Para tratar de sopesar el lugar y la función de la inmanencia en la reflexión saussureana, nos ha parecido útil proceder de manera comparativa. Después de haber evocado rápidamente una teoría del lenguaje decididamente no inmanentista (la de Spinoza), se ha estudiado la reflexión de Hjelmslev, quien reivindica explícitamente el inmanentismo. Es en una constante relación con dicha reflexión que la de Saussure fue contemplada. Los parentescos pronto surgen, así como también las divergencias, las cuales tratan, en su mayoría, sobre el problema de la evolución diacrónica de las lenguas. Un indicio revelador de las divergencias entre Saussure y Hjelmslev es que este último, a diferencia del primero, no toma en consideración la oposición entre sincronía y diacronía.