bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Class War?
Authors: Clayton Joseph 
Published: July 2007

The phrase ‘class war’ is in common use, and like many another phrase is more readily uttered than defined. Daily do we read of the ‘preaching of class war’ or the denouncing of class war, and vague but decidedly horrible visions are projected of arson, murder and red terror. (‘All Sir Leicester Dedlock’s old misgivings relative to Wat Tyler, and the people in the iron districts who do nothing but turn out by torchlight’ may be recalled, and ‘the obliterating of landmarks, opening of floodgates, and all the restThe trouble with metaphors is that they will conjure up such vastly different and often such very shocking visions. Other military metaphors in common use are less disturbing. The ‘hotly-contested fight’ of the cricket field, or the by-election, suggests no bloodshed. The vigorous campaign of the politician is not more fearful than the ‘fierce attack’ of the forwards, or the ‘stubborn defence’ of the goal-keeper in the football season. As for leading ‘forlorn hopes’ and the readir ness to ‘die in last ditches,’ we may approve the sentiment even when we find the metaphor somewhat absurd. That the motto of the famous Middlesex Regiment should be calmly appropriated by a section of one of our political parties, that ‘Die Hard’ should come to be used for a set of opinions, is perhaps the most glaring example of this fondness for military terms in civil life.
Candlemas
Authors: Essex Edwin 
Published: July 2007

What they desired to see and have not seen,Kings in proud purple and emblazoned gold, Apocalyptic prophets stern and lean,The aged Simeon in his arms may fold Taken from Mary purified by law With Joseph bringing turtle-doves, a pair,Meet offering of poorness; and in awe Anna the widowed prophetess, and fair Young men and maidens lifting tapers high, Lights for the Light, and wearied men and bent Sharing new wonder at the Infant nigh :All are beholding Simeon’s high content Foretold, fulfilled the promise that his eyes Should gaze on Christ before they stared at death, Knowing the passing of all prophecies Isaias made, and Daniel, by God’s breath Elect, prevented from erroneous thought Or speech, that He would come, the Son, the Just, Who spoke and leapt the Universe from nought To fill it with a breath from earthly dust,And spread the sky with Mary’s own rare blue For mantle, and a sun at heaven’s gate To keep the day (He was the only true Sun, born of Maid the Star immaculate),And for the shepherds on the midnight hill The arc of moon to light the gathered fleece,And silver waves He softly spoke to still For all who toil at sea, to give them peace.Now that his eyes have seen the sudden Light Revealed to those who sit among the shade Of death’s grim valleys, he shall claim his right Of swift dismissal; he must surely fade To rest according to his Lord’s decree,
An Old Russian Treaty
Authors: Cunnington S. 
Published: July 2007

Recent affairs have stirred afresh the interest in early British intercourse with Russia which Hakluyt and Early Voyages awakened. To those who love to find history repeating itself it will be especially gratifying to learn that three centuries ago there was a projected Russian treaty which failed. In 1623 the movers were the representatives of the Royal Houses of Stewart and Romanoff; in 1924 they were the Socialist and Soviet Governments of the two countries of Great Britain and Russia.Casting a glance on previous relations and events it is to be recalled that the Muscovy Trading Company was formed nearly fifty years before the famous East India Company. In 1635 this financial venture (the outcome of the veteran Cabot’s voyages of discovery) was entered into by many persons of high degree as well as by influential merchants, and received a royal charter. Three ships were equipped, and under the leadership of Chancellor made the voyage and returned with many promised trading privileges from the Czar, Ivan the Terrible. So the Muscovy Company was reconstituted into the ‘Company for the Discovery of New Trades/ and, in its royal charter in 1566, was empowered to secure solely any trade’ established by sailing north, north-east or north-west from England.’ These terms suggest the spacious times to which they belong.In the Public Record Office are preserved copies of the Letters from the English Queen to the Czar and the original replies to them; the subjects discussed are politics and commerce, and various requests are preferred.
Angelica Kauffmann
Authors: Bracey Robert 
Published: July 2007

There is just at present an extraordinary revival of interest in the early Academicians. The publication, volume by volume, of the wonderful Farington Diary, the new annotated edition of J. T. Smith’s Life of Nollekens, and Dr. Williamson’s recent sumptuous quartos on Ozias Humphrey and Johann Zoffany, are all evidences of this. And that interest is quite as much literary as artistic; for no one can forget that in the first years of the Royal Academy, Dr. Johnson was its Professor of Ancient Literature, Goldsmith and Gibbon held successively the Chair of History, while James Boswell was Secretary for Foreign Correspondence.Among the first Royal Academicians there were two women members, though strangely enough there have never been any since. One of these, Mary Moser, is to-day even more of a shadow than she was in her lifetime. But the other, Angelica Kauffmann, after long years of temporary eclipse, appears now to be coming into her own again, and to be fast regaining the popularity and esteem which were undoubtedly hers during the decades preceding the Revolution.That well-known Catholic man of letters, Dr. Williamson, has, with the assistance of Lady Victoria Manners, lately written a monumental work upon her and her paintings, lovingly gathering together every scrap of biography and criticism, minutely cataloguing her pictures, recording (so far as is possible) their after fate and ultimate disposition, and infecting his readers the while with his own enthusiastic admiration for his heroine and her performances.
A ‘Note’ in English Literature
Authors: Parker Evelyn M. 
Published: July 2007

That the poetic imagination is sometimes a companion of, and sometimes the substitute for, the mystical gift is, perhaps, a truism of literary criticism. But it is a truism of especial interest for students of English because the strength of the English artistic genius has always lain in religious subjects, or, at least, in those related to religion. The truth of this may be proved by a very simple experiment. What are the subjects of the stock passages of English literature? Here are a few in the order of memory:
‘O eloquent, just, and mighty Death: whom nonecould advise thou hast persuaded : what none hath dared, thou hast done: and whom all the world hath flattered thou only hast cast out of the world and despised. . . .uAnd, even more familiar :‘The glories of our blood and state Are shadows, not substantial things :There is no armour against Fate;Death lays his mighty hand on Kings. . . ,’And Shakespeare :‘. . . We are such stuff As dreams are made of; and our little life Is rounded by a sleep. . . .’Or the famous close of Astrophel’s passion for Stella : ‘Leave me, O Love, that cleavest but to dust,And thou, my soul, aspire to higher things. . .Lastly, for this can be but a brief selection, that most apt putting of the world’s most pertinent question :‘What is Truth? quoth jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer.’Truth, and death, and love: these would seem to be the habitual subjects of the great literary tradition of England; and, as Spenser has it, love turning from earthly to divine pleasure. And this even when the work does not profess to be of a specifically religious character.
An Eighteenth Century de Retz
Authors: Bracey Robert 
Published: July 2007

Voltaire (or was it Lord Chesterfield?) once declared that human beings should be divided into three classes, ‘Men, Women and Herveys’; while Dr. Johnson was wont to say, ‘Call a dog Hervey, and I shall love him.’ These two celebrated utterances aptly hit off the characteristics of a brilliant family intimately associated with English history and literature. For the Herveys were almost all of them eccentric to a degree, and yet at the same time possessed of a superlative charm.John, Lord Hervey of Ickworth, the friend of Queen Caroline of Anspach, and the writer of those invaluable memoirs on which every historian of the reign of George II to-day so greatly relies, had for his third son a remarkable being who figures largely in not only the England but the Europe of the eighteenth century. Frederick Hervey, Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry, the ‘mitred Proteus’ of Horace Walpole, the ‘wicked prelate’ of George III, the ‘episcopal patriot’ of Northern Ireland, the ‘modern Maecenas’ of artists and sculptors, and the ‘man plenteous in good works’ of John Wesley, if he left no mark on his age as author or statesman or courtier, was a cosmopolitan personage whom we meet with in every memoir, diary, newspaper, and letter of his time, and whose memory as a wealthy epicurean, open-handed globe-trotter is still kept alive by the inevitable ‘Hotel Bristol’ found in every continental town. The foreigner’s fixed and traditional idea of the rich, mad, restless English ‘milord’ can be largely traced in its origin to him.
Notes on the Holy Year
Authors: Gumbley Walter 
Published: July 2007

The establishment of a Holy Year, or year of Jubilee, is universally attributed to Pope Boniface VIII, who in the fear 1300 published a bull granting a plenary indulgence to all who, having approached the Sacraments, should visit as pilgrims the tombs of the Apostles Peter and Paul in their separate basilicas on the Vatican Hill, and outside the Walls. Amongst the many reasons which led Pope Boniface to publish this jubilee was a strong tradition that exactly a century previous Pope Innocent III the Great had promulgated the same indulgence. Many witnesses came forward to attest that they had heard this stated by those who had actually been present in Rome as pilgrims in 1200. Two men from Beauvais and several Italians were amongst the most aged of the witnesses, in addition to two reputed eye-witnesses. One of these latter was a Spaniard, Fernandez by name, a reputed nephew of St. Dominic, who now in his hundred and fifteenth year told the Pope that he had been present in Rome during the indulgenced year of Innocent III. The other was an Italian, aged one hundred and seven years, who related that his father (prophetic man !) had ordered him many years before to come to Rome if still alive in 1300, in order to gain at the tomb of the Apostle a plenary indulgence such as he himself had gained in 1200.Boniface VIII published the Jubilee by the bull !‘Antiquorum, February 22nd, 1300, and so great were the crowds of pilgrims that flocked to the Eternal City to gain the indulgence that the Pope directed the Jubilee to be held for the future on the first year of each succeeding century.
The Springs of Bland
Authors: Childe Wilfred 
Published: July 2007

The far blue landscape was holy,As I walked into Bland;Be sure that I stepped slowly,Lest the wild flowers fell from my hand,Lest the wild flowers I had gathered In the fields at the dawn of day,Fell down to the ground to be withered,And utterly faded away.So silent the hills stood, watching The little high town and pure;Six rustic men stirred thatching To make some cottage secure.Six white-necked goats came bleating Over the cobbles gray—But I would be making my greeting With the wild flowers picked at day.And at last I came to the fountain,Little and crystal clean,And I looked all round at the mountain,And bowed my knee to the Queen.I left my gay-coloured blossoms,Where I wished that they should be,And I thought from the great hills’ bosoms Came a voice that whispered to me.‘Little son, it is well to have given The heat and toil of the dayTo the dear-sweet service of Heaven,And the words that thy dead friends say:On Earth there is never a cleaner Word amid worn ways comeThan Ave Gratia Plena,Virgo Virginum.’ Wilfred Childe.
Humility and Literature
Authors: Parker Evelyn M. 
Published: July 2007

Our modern literature has become so self-conscious, analytic, subjective, conventional, and, invariable concomitant of the last, licentious in the true meaning of that word, that it would be an interesting experiment to see if any of the old accomplishment were still possible to it. Owing to our unfortunate acquisition of ‘temperaments,’ ‘view-points’ (loathsome word) and subjective theories of all sorts we have become singularly skilled in distorting language from its proper use as principally to make it the means of telling various kinds of lies which are no more true because they fall into the artistic heresy of subjective sincerity. (And, O Sincerity, what crimes are committed in thy name.)From a psychological point of view these things are doubtless very interesting; and we ought to be very grateful to most of our modern authors for showing us so very instructively how many things can be used for purposes which their Maker never intended : how the English language can be tortured into a parody of German or Greek, and the fine gold of our verbal heritage transmuted, by a devil’s alchemy, into the base tokens of our common speech. But, in the intervals of our scientific raptures, some of us would like, occasionally, to read a little poetry, and, even more, a little prose. The air is full of neologisms unbeautiful, and twisted syntax inexpressive of thought, and not less opaque of feeling . . . ‘But that large utterance of the early Gods,’ where is it?
A Question of Vocation
Authors: Essex Edwin 
Published: July 2007

Dukie, dear, I think Zania most suitable.’ Lady ‘ Trevor tactfully withdrew after delivering the blow. With one ingratiating look behind that might be interpreted,’ Well, just think it over quietly,’ she swept out of the room.Of course his mother had said much more than that. She had talked for half an hour and enjoyed herself enormously. Like the experienced general she was, she had given no indication that this was to be a great offensive. Lady Trevor began with a little preliminary skirmish round the pages of a Sunday paper, and closed in suddenly on the Society column. Wasn’t this photograph of Miss Zania Wilkins just too sweet! Dukie must really look at it, and read what nice things they said about dear Zania. Sweet girl, of course she deserved every word of praise they could find to say about her. And they said it so cleverly, too. ‘This charming debutante’ and ‘this beautiful blonde’ . . . what happy phrases, that hit off darling Zania too perfectly. Didn’t he think so? Of course he had met her several times recently (yes, she came out at the Wen-ham’s dance, and what a sensation she created too!', and he would be meeting her constantly through the season. If only Providence had blessed Lady Trevor with a daughter, she would have wished her to be like Zania, so fair and frolicsome, full of such high spirits, and bubbling over with life. It was wonderful how the dear child kept it up so well. Lady Trevor supposed it was youth, beautiful youth, and sighed.It was at this point in the monologue that the bir attack began to develop. Mother wanted to talk seriously to her big, bad boy. Well, he wasn’t really bad at all, but the best big baby on earth.
The Regular Tertiaries of St. Dominic in Red Moscow
Authors: West Kathleen 
Published: July 2007

Before the Revolution of 1917 religion in Russia was very real; the people, as a whole, were pious and God-loving, and a stranger would have been struck by the intense piety which existed in town and country alike. The vast solitudes of his native land have had their effect on the character of the Russian peasant, filling him with an extraordinary spirit of mysticism. Young and old seemed possessed by some strange power of detachment from external influences while engaged in prayer. They appear to be raised into a state of ecstasy, and I have often noticed quite young children, apparently lost to their surroundings, praying with a fervour which is astonishing to a Western mind.Up to the year 1917 there was little or no religious freedom in Russia; then followed a few months of liberty, after which the Catholic Church was subjected to a persecution which could only have been originated by the spirit of darkness. Very few Catholics outside Russia know anything of the sufferings of their brothers and sisters in the faith. Perhaps here I may be allowed to quote from the introduction to Princess Almedigen’s book, The Catholic Church in Russia To-day : ‘ Go to Russia and see how Catholics live there, and then come back and tell me whether people whose beliefs are not founded on the rock of truth can stand one-tenth of what they endure.’During those critical years, 1914 to 1920, I lived in Moscow, and there I found a little band of workers who, in God’s mercy, had been gathered together to carry on his work in this time of stress.
Insolvent
Authors: Benvenuta Sister Mary 
Published: July 2007

Too well we know the hundredfold safe stored; Must all our gifts be given for final gain?We Godward run, uneas&d of love’s pain, Hot-foot pursued by pitiless reward.Ah, veil awhile Thine eyes, too loving Lord,Still watching, like a smiling mother fain T o thank the baby stumbling in her train For stalkless daisies from the dappled ward.Tenderly mirthful with a mirth divine,Comes speedy answer, kind as a caress :‘If I should veil Mine eyes, what sun would shine? Beauty and colour on the light must wait.I am the worth of all thy worthlessness,Thy Way and thy Reward exceeding great.’Sister Mary Benvenuta, O.P.
Man's Visible Works
Authors: Gray John 
Published: July 2007

It is not easy to find the word descriptive of that hold which the external can exercise in favourable conditions through the senses upon man’s spirit. There might be a successful plea that this influence is more real than is supposed, necessary to men if human dignity is to be upheld; such is not here advanced; but rather one or two practical questions, modestly constructed, are submitted with deference, as : Is not the vague, unnamed, very real relation between man and his inanimate correspondent subject to all the varieties and discriminations allowed to ‘taste’? Again, in discourse of this matter the word beauty must sooner or later be used; very well, but man is beautiful, though this is only a memory. Regrettez vous le temps oh le ciel sur la terre marchait et respirait dans un peuple de dieux? The little we can say at present is : man might harmonize with the created beauty external to himself; but the fact is that his presence is seldom tolerable and yery rarely acceptable. Shrinking, he has lost a function; he is reduced to a spectator, and can no longer be wedded to bosquet and glade except in spirit, Walt Whitman’s endeavours and other’s non-obstant. It is by chance that man and his are not feyesorrow, distraction, hindrance, scandal, discord among the elements where he might have wonted place.That the scandalgiver is man sometimes seems to justify impatience and abandonment of the enterprise; but to close our eyes is to relinquish our only true external inheritance, and that is the last sacrifice. Remains for the beholder to accommodate his desires to facts, accept inevitable dilution and look with discretion.
Theodore de Neuhoff
Authors: Bracey Robert 
Published: July 2007

Horace Walpole’s charities were on a much larger scale than a perusal of Lord Macaulay’s bitter and waspish character-sketch of him might lead one to expect. Walpole had an especial fondness for relieving the necessities of those poor souls who lay languishing in the many debtors’ prisons of the age. Again and again we find him writing to his man of business to expend for him in this way two, five, or six guineas, as the case might be, for the prisoners in the Compter, the Clink, the Fleet, or the King’s Bench prisons. He would take pains to raise similar subscriptions for them among his friends, would write to the press on their behalf, and in one instance at least he was at the expense of raising a striking memorial over the grave of a heart-broken bankrupt.Right in the centre of the metropolis, amid the purlieus of Soho, surrounded by play-houses and taverns, there lies a sad little graveyard. Those who read this may often have passed by it. The gates stand ever open in the day-time, there are seats amid the tombs, the poor and the homeless can rest there awhile, and the children make the place their familiar playground. On a wall opposite the entrance is an old and crumbling monument surmounted by a royal crown. The inscription tells us that near that place is buried Theodore, King of Corsica, ‘who died on Dec. n, 1756, immediately on leaving the King’s Bench Prison’; and it concludes with these lines :‘The grave—great teacher—to a level brings Heroes and beggars, galley-slaves and kings;But Theodore this moral learn’d ere dead;Fate pour’d its lesson on his living head—?Bestow’d a kingdom, and denied him bread.’The verse is from the pen, as the cost of the tombstone was defrayed from the purse, of Horace Walpole.
Catholic Newspaper
Authors: Moon Gerard 
Published: July 2007

A DefenceAUDI alteram farteni! The Editor of Blackfriars has in recent numbers of his periodical encouraged a certain criticism of his Catholic contemporaries. Criticism is of course the inalienable privilege of the Englishman, and I would not suggest that the Editor should forgo this privilege. But it may reasonably be urged that he should allow a witness for the defence to have his say, and give him the same measure of indulgence that he has extended to the destructive critic. What is here written is therefore offered to him in the hope that he will admit the reasonableness of this contention, and listen, if not with agreement at least with patience, to an argument which runs counter to his own.To begin with, I find it necessary to state as fairly as possible the charges which have been levelled against the Catholic press in this country. It will, I think, conduce to clearness if these charges are reduced to certain comprehensive heads, and with this purpose I should reduce them all—from vague to specific condemnation—to three. I think it may fairly be said that the Catholic press has been charged with sectarianism, with uncharitableness, with vulgarity. It will not, indeed, be easy to keep these counts always separate, but the reader will be grateful for some effort at discrimination. I assume also that he will be content if I ignore the references to cross-word puzzles and cookery columns as unessential, and limit myself to the three points just mentioned. The indictment is certainly a serious one, and calls for an answer. Let us try first of all to understand it, and then endeavour to offer a satisfactory defence.