bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of Psychiatric Disorders with Overweight and Obesity in an Adult General Population**
Authors: John Ulrich , Meyer Christian , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen , Hapke Ulfert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore relationships of smoking and risk drinking status, nicotine and alcohol dependence, and anxiety, depressive, and somatoform disorders with overweight and obesity.Research Methods and Procedures: A probability sample was drawn that was representative for the adult general population, 18 to 64 years of age, in one region of Germany; the participation rate was 70.2%. After excluding those who were pregnant or had a current eating disorder according to the DSM‐IV, 4063 individuals remained. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the BMI that was assessed in the face‐to‐face in‐home standardized interview (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) on psychiatric disorders.Results: Men with a former nicotine dependence had higher odds of being overweight than men who never had a nicotine dependence (adjusted odds ratio, 1.5; confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.1). Men at current risk for drinking and current alcohol‐dependent or abusing men had lower odds of being overweight compared with men who never were alcohol dependent, abusing, or at risk for drinking (adjusted odds ratio, 0.3; confidence interval, 0.8 to 0.9). Effect sizes were small. No relationship of overweight with depressive, anxiety, or somatoform disorders was found in the multivariate analysis.Discussion: There is a relationship between being overweight and nicotine and alcohol dependence or abuse among men but not among women. Even though one reason for women to refrain from quitting smoking is the fear of weight gain, these results do not support this. This information could help convince women to try to quit smoking.
Prevalence of Uncomplicated Obesity in an Italian Obese Population
Authors: Iacobellis Gianluca , Ribaudo Maria Cristina , Zappaterreno Alessandra , Iannucci Concetta Valeria , Leonetti Frida 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The existence of healthy obese subjects has been suggested but not clearly reported. We sought to address the prevalence of uncomplicated obesity and adverse risk factors in a large Italian obese population.Research Methods and Procedures: This was a cross‐sectional study of a population of consecutive Italian obese subjects. We studied 681 obese subjects (514 women and 167 men), with a mean age of 41.1 ± 13.9 years (range, 16 to 77 years), mean BMI of 40.2 ± 7.6 kg/m2 (range, 30 to 89.8 kg/m2), and a history of obesity for 20.5 ± 7 years (range, 10.5 to 30 years). Anthropometric, metabolic, cardiac, and obesity‐related risk factors were evaluated.Results: The prevalence of uncomplicated subjects was 27.5%, independent of BMI and duration of obesity. The youngest group of obese subjects showed a higher, but not statistically significantly higher, prevalence of uncomplicated obesity. No statistical difference for the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, glucose intolerance, high triglycerides, high total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol among BMI categories (from mild to extremely severe obesity degree) was found. Obese subjects with BMI >50 kg/m2 showed a higher prevalence of high blood pressure only when they were compared with the group with a BMI of 30 to 35 kg/m2 (p < 0.01). Obese subjects with BMI >40 kg/m2 showed a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia than subjects with BMI 30 to 35 kg/m2 (p < 0.01).Discussion: This study shows that a substantial part of an Italian obese population has uncomplicated obesity, and the prevalence of adverse risk factors in this sample is unexpectedly low and partially independent of obesity degree. Uncomplicated obesity could represent a well‐defined clinical entity.
Weight and Height Growth Rate and the Timing of Adiposity Rebound
Authors: Williams Sheila M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Adiposity rebound occurs when the ratio of the velocities of log(weight) to log(height) changes from <2 to >2. This study examined the timing of adiposity rebound in the context of the velocities of weight and height in early childhood because it is not known whether faster weight gain or slower gain in stature is the more important determinant.Research Methods and Procedures: This was a longitudinal study of 406 boys and 397 girls born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972 and 1973. Each child's height and weight were measured at 3 years of age and at least twice more as part of their two yearly assessments until 11 years of age.Results: The mean age of adiposity rebound was 6.6 ± 1.10 years (SD) for boys and 6.0 ± 1.21 years for girls. After adjusting for sex, the correlations between the timing of rebound and z‐scores for BMI, weight, and height at rebound were −0.35, −0.30, and −0.14, respectively. Correlations between the timing of rebound and estimated values of weight and height velocities at 3 years were −0.48 and −0.00. The correlations with BMI and waist girth at 26 years were −0.39 and −0.35.Discussion: Children with an earlier adiposity rebound were heavier and had above average BMIs. Early rebound is the result of higher rates of weight gain, measured in percentage terms, rather than slower than average accrual of stature. This suggests that restraining weight gain could delay adiposity rebound and prevent obesity in early adulthood.
Changes in Prevalence of Overweight and in Body Image among Fijian Women between 1989 and 1998**
Authors: Becker Anne E. , Gilman Stephen E. , Burwell Rebecca A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate changes in prevalence of overweight and obesity and in body image among ethnic Fijian women in Fiji during a period of rapid social change and the relationship between changes in body image and BMI.Research Methods and Procedures: The study design was a multiwave cohort study of BMI in a traditional Fijian village over a 9.5‐year period from 1989 to 1998. Cohorts were identified in 1989 (n = 53) and in 1998 (n = 50). Selection criteria included Fijian ethnicity, female gender, age of at least 18 years, and residence in a specific coastal Fijian village in 1989 and 1998, respectively. Assessments consisted of measurement of height and weight, collection of demographic data by written survey, and administration of the Nadroga Language Body Image Questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly different between the cohorts, increasing from 60% in 1989 to 84% in 1998 (p = 0.014). In addition, the age‐adjusted mean BMI was significantly higher in 1998 compared with 1989 (p = 0.011). Finally, there were significant between‐cohort differences in multiple measures of body image, which were mostly independent of BMI.Discussion: At 84%, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in this community sample of Fijian women is among the highest in the world. The dramatically increased prevalence over the 9.5‐year period studied corresponds with rapid social change in Fiji and significant shifts in prevailing traditional attitudes toward body shape.
Body Weight Loss and Weight Maintenance in Relation to Habitual Caffeine Intake and Green Tea Supplementation
Authors: Westerterp‐Plantenga Margriet S. , Lejeune Manuela P.G.M. , Kovacs Eva M. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Investigation of the effect of a green tea‐caffeine mixture on weight maintenance after body weight loss in moderately obese subjects in relation to habitual caffeine intake.Research Methods and Procedures: A randomized placebo‐controlled double blind parallel trial in 76 overweight and moderately obese subjects, (BMI, 27.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2) matched for sex, age, BMI, height, body mass, and habitual caffeine intake was conducted. A very low energy diet intervention during 4 weeks was followed by 3 months of weight maintenance (WM); during the WM period, the subjects received a green tea‐caffeine mixture (270 mg epigallocatechin gallate + 150 mg caffeine per day) or placebo.Results: Subjects lost 5.9 ±1.8 (SD) kg (7.0 ± 2.1%) of body weight (p < 0.001). At baseline, satiety was positively, and in women, leptin was inversely, related to subjects’ habitual caffeine consumption (p < 0.01). High caffeine consumers reduced weight, fat mass, and waist circumference more than low caffeine consumers; resting energy expenditure was reduced less and respiratory quotient was reduced more during weight loss (p < 0.01). In the low caffeine consumers, during WM, green tea still reduced body weight, waist, respiratory quotient and body fat, whereas resting energy expenditure was increased compared with a restoration of these variables with placebo (p < 0.01). In the high caffeine consumers, no effects of the green tea‐caffeine mixture were observed during WM.Discussion: High caffeine intake was associated with weight loss through thermogenesis and fat oxidation and with suppressed leptin in women. In habitual low caffeine consumers, the green tea‐caffeine mixture improved WM, partly through thermogenesis and fat oxidation.
Effects of Calcium and Dairy on Body Composition and Weight Loss in African‐American Adults
Authors: Zemel Michael B. , Richards Joanna , Milstead Anita , Campbell Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Our objective was to determine the effects of dairy consumption on adiposity and body composition in obese African Americans.Research Methods and Procedures: We performed two randomized trials in obese African‐American adults. In the first (weight maintenance), 34 subjects were maintained on a low calcium (500 mg/d)/low dairy (<1 serving/d) or high dairy (1200 mg Ca/d diet including 3 servings of dairy) diet with no change in energy or macronutrient intake for 24 weeks. In the second trial (weight loss), 29 subjects were similarly randomized to the low or high dairy diets and placed on a caloric restriction regimen (−500 kcal/d).Results: In the first trial, body weight remained stable for both groups throughout the maintenance study. The high dairy diet resulted in decreases in total body fat (2.16 kg, p < 0.01), trunk fat (1.03 kg, p < 0.01), insulin (18.7 pM, p < 0.04), and blood pressure (6.8 mm Hg systolic, p < 0.01; 4.25 mm Hg diastolic, p < 0.01) and an increase in lean mass (1.08 kg, p < 0.04), whereas there were no significant changes in the low dairy group. In the second trial, although both diets produced significant weight and fat loss, weight and fat loss on the high dairy diet were ∼2‐fold higher (p < 0.01), and loss of lean body mass was markedly reduced (p < 0.001) compared with the low dairy diet.Discussion: Substitution of calcium‐rich foods in isocaloric diets reduced adiposity and improved metabolic profiles in obese African Americans without energy restriction or weight loss and augmented weight and fat loss secondary to energy restriction.
Air Displacement Plethysmography: Validation in Overweight and Obese Subjects
Authors: Ginde Samir R. , Geliebter Allan , Rubiano Frederick , Silva Analiza M. , Wang Jack , Heshka Stanley , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Patients with moderate and severe obesity, because of their physical size, often cannot be evaluated with conventional body composition measurement systems. The BOD POD air displacement plethysmography (ADP) system can accommodate a large body volume and may provide an opportunity for measuring body density (Db) in obese subjects. Db can be used in two‐ or three‐compartment body composition models for estimating total body fat in patients with severe obesity. The purpose of this study was to compare Db measured by ADP to Db measured by underwater weighing (UWW) in subjects ranging from normal weight to severely obese.Research Methods and Procedures: Db was measured with UWW and BOD POD in 123 subjects (89 men and 34 women; age, 46.5 ± 16.9 years; BMI, 31.5 ± 7.3 kg/m2); 15, 70, and 10 subjects were overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2), obese (30 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m2), and severely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2), respectively.Results: There was a strong correlation between Db(kilograms per liter) measured by UWW and ADP (r = 0.94, standard error of the estimate = 0.0073 kg/L, p < 0.001). Similarly, percent fat estimates from UWW and ADP using the two‐compartment Siri equation were highly correlated (r = 0.94, standard error of the estimate = 3.58%, p < 0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed no significant bias between Db measured by UWW and ADP. After controlling for Db measured by ADP, no additional between‐subject variation in Db by UWW was accounted for by subject age, sex, or BMI.Discussion: Body density, an important physical property used in human body composition models, can be accurately measured by ADP in overweight and obese subjects.
Geographic Variation in the Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, and Obesity‐Related Behaviors**
Authors: Ford Earl S. , Mokdad Ali H. , Giles Wayne H. , Galuska Deborah A. , Serdula Mary K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the variation in the prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes in weight loss counseling by health providers and in other potential obesity‐related determinants in 100 metropolitan statistical areas in the United States.Research Methods and Procedures: We performed a cross‐sectional study using data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the largest telephone survey of health behaviors in the United States, of age‐adjusted prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, intake of ≥five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, participation in 150 minutes of leisure‐time physical activity per week, receipt of weight management advice, and reports of trying to lose or maintain weight among men and women more than 18 years old.Results: The age‐adjusted prevalence of obesity ranged from 13.1% to 30.0% and that of type 2 diabetes from 3.3% to 9.2%. Among participants who had visited a physician for a routine checkup in the previous 12 months, 13.1% to 27.1% of all participants recalled receiving advice from a health professional about their weight, and 11.7% to 34.6% of overweight or obese participants recalled receiving advice to maintain or lose weight.Discussion: Significant differences in the prevalence of obesity and self‐reported type 2 diabetes and in medical practice patterns regarding weight management advice exist among metropolitan statistical areas. These results suggest important opportunities to investigate reasons for these variations that could potentially be used to mitigate the current epidemic of obesity and to identify areas where obesity and diabetes prevention efforts may need to be targeted.
BMI and Cervical Cancer Screening among White, African‐American, and Hispanic Women in the United States
Authors: Wee Christina C. , Phillips Russell S. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: We examined cervical cancer screening by BMI in white, African‐American, and Hispanic women and explored women's reasons for not undergoing screening.Research Methods and Procedures: We used logistic regression to examine Pap testing in the preceding 3 years across BMI groups for white (n = 6419), African‐American (n = 1715), and Hispanic women (n = 1859) age 18 to 75 years who responded to the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. We used bivariable analyses to describe women's reasons for not undergoing testing and examined whether unscreened women received physician recommendations for screening.Results: Of 12, 170 women, 50% were normal weight, 26% were overweight, and 21% were obese. The proportion who reported Pap testing in the last 3 years was 86% in whites, 88% in African Americans, and 78% in Hispanics. After adjustment for sociodemographics, health care access, and illness burden, severely obese white women (BMI = 40+ kg/m2) were significantly less likely to undergo Pap testing (relative risk, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.99) compared with normal weight women. BMI was not associated with screening in African Americans or Hispanics. A higher proportion of obese white women than normal weight women cited putting off the test or embarrassment or discomfort as the primary reason for not undergoing screening. Among the unscreened, obese women were as likely as normal weight women to receive a physician recommendation to undergo screening.Discussion: Disparities in cervical cancer screening by body weight persist for white women with severe obesity. Disparities were not explained by differences in the rate of physician recommendations for screening, but obese white women may be more likely to delay screening or to find screening painful, uncomfortable, or embarrassing than normal weight white women. Efforts to increase screening among obese women should address women's reservations about screening.
Obesity and Receipt of Personal Care Assistance for People with Mobility Impairments
Authors: Resnik Linda , Lapane Kate L. , Allen Susan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which level of obesity was associated with hours of personal care among people with mobility impairments.Research Methods and Procedures: The analytic sample consisted of 9496 respondents to the Adult Disability Follow‐Back Survey (NHIS‐D Phase II) who had mobility difficulty and difficulty with at least one activity of daily living or instrumental activity of daily living. Logistic regression analyses determined the relationship between level of obesity and receipt of any paid or unpaid help, controlling for potential confounders. In addition, differences in hours of help by level of obesity were evaluated using multiple regression.Results: In the crude analysis, obese respondents were significantly less likely to receive any paid help than normal weight respondents (average odds ratio 0.75) and received significantly fewer hours of both paid and unpaid help. The difference in prevalence of receipt of any unpaid and any paid help by level of obesity was explained by adjustment for age and other demographic characteristics. Adjusted hours of paid and unpaid help were equivalent for those with and without obesity.Discussion: Obese people with mobility impairments received less help with personal care than those of normal weight, although these findings are explained by demographics. Nevertheless, these findings raise public health concerns given the growing obesity epidemic in the United States and lack of available resources to support younger persons with disabilities.
Diet Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 and its Impact on Obesity
Authors: Chen Airu , Mumick Sheena , Zhang Chunsheng , Lamb John , Dai Hongyue , Weingarth Drew , Mudgett John , Chen Howard , MacNeil Douglas J. , Reitman Marc L. , Qian Su 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the effect of a high‐fat diet on gene expression in adipose tissues and to determine induction kinetics of adipose monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and −3 (MCP‐1 and MCP‐3) in diet‐induced obesity (DIO) and the effect of a lack of MCP‐1 signaling on DIO susceptibility and macrophage recruitment into adipose tissue.Research Methods and Procedures: Obese and lean adipose tissues were profiled for expression changes. The time‐course of MCP‐1 and MCP‐3 expression was examined by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Plasma MCP‐1 levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Chemokine receptor‐2 (CCR2) knockout mice were placed on the high‐fat diet to determine DIO susceptibility. Macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry with F4/80 antibody.Results: DIO elevated adipose expression of many inflammatory genes, including MCP‐1 and MCP‐3. Adipose MCP‐1 and MCP‐3 mRNA levels increased within 7 days of starting a high‐fat diet, with elevation of plasma MCP‐1 detected after 4 weeks on the diet. The induction of MCP‐1 and MCP‐3 expression preceded that of tumor necrosis factor‐α. The elevated plasma MCP‐1 concentration in obese mice was partially reversed by treatment with AM251. No change in DIO susceptibility and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue were observed in CCR2 knockout mice, which lack the MCP‐1 receptor CCR2.Discussion: A high‐fat diet elevated adipose expression of inflammatory genes, including early induction of MCP‐1 and MCP‐3, supporting the view that obese adipose tissues contribute to systemic inflammation. However, despite increased MCP‐1 in obesity, disruption of MCP‐1 signaling did not confer resistance to DIO in mice or reduce adipose tissue macrophage infiltration.
Weight Change in Monozygotic Twins Treated with Valproate
Authors: Klein Karl Martin , Hamer Hajo M. , Reis Janine , Schmidtke Jörg , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Theisen Frank M. , Hebebrand Johannes , Rosenow Felix 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate whether genetic factors contribute to weight gain associated with valproate (VPA) therapy.Research Methods and Procedures: We retrospectively and prospectively evaluated five pairs of monozygotic twins concordant for epilepsy and treated with VPA regarding weight course.Results: In all twin pairs, both twins showed similar weight courses under therapy with VPA.Discussion: These results suggest that genetic factors may have an influence on the weight change induced by VPA. Further studies are necessary to obtain heritability estimates regarding this effect of VPA therapy and to identify the relevant genes.
Effect of Energy‐Reduced Diets High in Dairy Products and Fiber on Weight Loss in Obese Adults
Authors: Thompson Warren G. , Holdman Nicole Rostad , Janzow Denise J. , Slezak Jeffrey M. , Morris Kristin L. , Zemel Michael B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Studies suggest that high‐dairy and high‐fiber/low‐glycemic index diets may facilitate weight loss, but data are conflicting. The effects on weight loss and body fat of a high‐dairy diet and a diet high in dairy and fiber and low in glycemic index were compared with a standard diet.Research Methods and Procedures: Ninety obese subjects were recruited into a randomized trial of three diets designed to provide a calorie deficit of 500 calories/d over a 48‐week period. The study compared a moderate (not low)‐calcium diet with a high‐calcium diet.Results: Seventy‐two subjects completed the study. Significant weight and fat loss occurred with all three diets. A diet with 1400 mg of calcium did not result in greater weight (11.8 ± 6.1 kg) or fat (9.0 ± 6.0 kg) loss than a diet with 800 mg of calcium (10.0 ± 6.8 and 7.5 ± 6.6 kg, respectively). A diet with 1400 mg of calcium, increased fiber content, and fewer high‐glycemic index foods did not result in greater weight (10.6 ± 6.8 kg) or fat (8.5 ± 7.8 kg) loss than the standard diet with 800 mg of calcium. Lipid profile, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, leptin, fasting glucose, and insulin improved significantly, but there were no significant differences between the experimental diets and the control diet.Discussion: We found no evidence that diets higher than 800 mg of calcium in dairy products or higher in fiber and lower in glycemic index enhance weight reduction beyond what is seen with calorie restriction alone.