bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sculpturing a fibular flap: Combined horizontal/vertical osteotomy and ostectomy for reconstruction of complex craniofacial defects with one flap
Authors: Okumus Ayhan , Emekli Ufuk , Kabakas Fatih , Kuvat Samet Vasfi , Aydin Atakan , Hafiz Günter , Aslanov Ayaz , Kesim Sinan Nur 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA fibular flap has great versatility in reconstructive procedures. Osteomies and ostectomies enable the flap to be used for variable defects. We used combined horizontal/vertical osteotomy and ostectomy for reconstruction of complex craniofacial defects with one flap in two patients. Vertical osteotomy transforms the tubular structure of a fibula into a flat bone that can be used for reconstruction of wider defects with less vertical height. Neither vertical osteotomy nor ostectomy had negative effects on viability and bony healing of the segments in our patients. We think that the fibular flap, thanks to its versatility, can be used for reconstruction of complex orbito‐zygomatic and orbito‐cranial defects successfully. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 25:589–595, 2005.
Are mechanical microvascular anastomoses easier to learn than suture anastomoses?
Authors: Zdolsek Johann , Ledin Håkan , Lidman Disa 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSutured anastomoses of small vessels are considered difficult to learn. Mechanical anastomosis systems allow a more rapidly performed anastomosis. In order to compare the process of learning to perform sutured and mechanical microvascular anastomoses, two surgeons, with limited microvascular experience, performed 30 aortic and 30 femoral vein anastomoses in 30 Wistar rats. The methods compared were conventional suture, vascular closure system (VCS) and microvascular anastomatic coupler system (MAC). There were no intersurgeon differences regarding patency or time to perform anastomoses. The average time to perform a suture anastomosis was 39 min (patency 80%). Anastomoses with the VCS system took 24 min (patency 25%), whereas the MAC couplers took 13 min to perform (patency 95%). There was a significant learning effect with sutures, but no obvious reduction in time to perform MAC coupler or VCS clip anastomoses was seen. MAC couplers were easiest to use, and allowed us to perform rapid anastomoses with high patency. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 25:596–598, 2005.
Microsurgical training curriculum for learning kidney and liver transplantation in the rat
Authors: Hölzen Jens Peter , Palmes Daniel , Langer Martin , Spiegel Hans Ullrich 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDuring the education of the next generation of scientists in experimental research, careful instruction in surgical techniques is of major importance. This applies in particular to complicated microsurgical models, which require a structured teaching concept with clearly laid‐down working steps and adequate didactic resources. Transplantations in rats are undoubtedly among the most difficult models in experimental surgery. Because completely sutured orthotopic liver transplantation and kidney transplantation have been practiced for many years in our Surgical Research Unit, techniques must be transmitted to future generations. A microsurgical training program has been set up with the aim of being efficient, transparent, and motivating. Simply learning‐by‐doing in the sense of “laissez‐faire” is ineffective and costly. Our training program is based on “three‐phase didactics,” in which the learning targets are presented in sequence and are clearly defined. This report is intended to give a brief overview of the principal transplantation models and to serve as a guide for teaching these models. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 25:614–623, 2005.
Reconstruction of foot defects with free lateral arm fasciocutaneous flaps: Analysis of fifty patients
Authors: Ulusal Betul Gozel , Lin Yu‐Te , Ulusal Ali Engin , Lin Chih‐Hung 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this article, long‐term outcomes of foot reconstruction with free lateral arm fasciocutaneous flaps were retrospectively analyzed in 50 patients. The patients, 38 men and 12 women, ranged in age from 7–73 years (mean, 43.5 years). Indications for surgery included trauma (32 patients), diabetes mellitus (7 patients), burns (7 patients), chronic ulcers (3 patients), and tumor (1 patient). The locations of defects were the dorsum (n = 21), ankle (n = 12), medial (n = 6), lateral (n = 6), posterior heel (n = 2), and distal sole (n = 3) Concomitant bone injury occurred in 5 cases, and the weight‐bearing surface of the foot was involved in 5 patients. Defects ranged in size from 27–76 cm2 (mean, 36.4 cm2). Successful reconstructions were accomplished in 46 cases (92%). Flap complications included total flap loss and below‐knee amputation (1 patient) and partial flap loss (3 patients); 75% (3/4) of these cases had diabetes as a comorbid factor, and 25% (1/4) had a concomitant bone injury. Six patients with dorsum defects required debulking of the flap (11.1%). None of the patients required modified shoes. In the majority of cases, flaps provided stable coverage and a gain in protective deep‐pressure sensation. In long‐term follow‐up (up to 4 years), patients regained their ambulation, free of pain. Even in weight‐bearing areas, none of the cases experienced ulceration or skin breakdown. Free lateral arm flaps provided excellent durability, with solid bony union and successful restoration of the contour of the foot in moderate‐sized foot defects. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 25:581–588, 2005.
B1 destructive interferences and spatial phase patterns at 7 T with a head transceiver array coil
Authors: Van de Moortele Pierre‐François , Akgun Can , Adriany Gregor , Moeller Steen , Ritter Johannes , Collins Christopher M. , Smith Michael B. , Vaughan J. Thomas , Uğurbil Kāmil 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRF behavior in the human head becomes complex at ultrahigh magnetic fields. A bright center and a weak periphery are observed in images obtained with volume coils, while surface coils provide strong signal in the periphery. Intensity patterns reported with volume coils are often loosely referred to as “dielectric resonances,” while modeling studies ascribe them to superposition of traveling waves greatly dampened in lossy brain tissues, raising questions regarding the usage of this term. Here we address this question experimentally, taking full advantage of a transceiver coil array that was used in volume transmit mode, multiple receiver mode, or single transmit surface coil mode. We demonstrate with an appropriately conductive sphere phantom that destructive interferences are responsible for a weak B1 in the periphery, without a significant standing wave pattern. The relative spatial phase of receive and transmit B1 proved remarkably similar for the different coil elements, although with opposite rotational direction. Additional simulation data closely matched our phantom results. In the human brain the phase patterns were more complex but still exhibited similarities between coil elements. Our results suggest that measuring spatial B1 phase could help, within an MR session, to perform RF shimming in order to obtain more homogeneous B1 in user‐defined areas of the brain. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue segmentation and classification of MRSI data using canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Laudadio Teresa , Pels Pieter , De Lathauwer Lieven , Van Hecke Paul , Van Huffel Sabine 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this article an accurate and efficient technique for tissue typing is presented. The proposed technique is based on Canonical Correlation Analysis, a statistical method able to simultaneously exploit the spectral and spatial information characterizing the Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) data. Recently, Canonical Correlation Analysis has been successfully applied to other types of biomedical data, such as functional MRI data. Here, Canonical Correlation Analysis is adapted for MRSI data processing in order to retrieve in an accurate and efficient way the possible tissue types that characterize the organ under investigation. The potential and limitations of the new technique have been investigated by using simulated as well as in vivo prostate MRSI data, and extensive studies demonstrate a high accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. Moreover, the performance of Canonical Correlation Analysis has been compared to that of ordinary correlation analysis. The test results show that Canonical Correlation Analysis performs best in terms of accuracy and robustness. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of limited‐view projections for contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography at high temporal and spatial resolution
Authors: Huang Yuexi , Gurr David , Wright Graham A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe feasibility of reconstructing three‐dimensional (3D) MRI data sets from limited‐view projections is investigated in phantom and in vivo animal studies to improve the temporal resolution of magnetic resonance angiography without sacrificing spatial resolution. Thirty‐two pairs of orthogonal biplane projections are acquired in an interleaved manner during the first pass of a contrast agent. The full data set is reconstructed as a priori 3D information. Each pair of projections is then reconstructed into an individual 3D data set based on a correlation analysis with the a priori data set. In this way, time‐resolved 3D data sets at 1‐ to 2‐s time intervals are reconstructed with submillimeter spatial resolution. Artifacts are limited if the image is simply structured or sparse and if SNR is sufficient in the projection images. With this technique, both high temporal and spatial resolution can be achieved simultaneously. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for MHC I–restricted CD8+ T‐cell–mediated immunopathology in canine masticatory muscle myositis and polymyositis
Authors: Neumann J. , Bilzer T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMasticatory muscle myositis (MMM) is the most common inflammatory myopathy (IM) in dogs, associated with antibodies against myosin. To further elucidate the immunopathogenesis, we investigated muscles of 53 dogs with MMM, 32 dogs with polymyositis (PM), and 4 dogs suffering from both, with regard to the presence and location of CD4+ and CD8+T cells, B cells, macrophages, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigens, and autoantibodies. CD8+T cells were found in MMM (91%) and PM (75%), mostly paralleled (68% and 61%) by enhanced expression of MHC class I antigen on muscle fibers. CD8+T cells invading intact and neighboring necrotic muscle fibers were present in MMM (39%) and PM (42%). Dogs with MMM lacking intramuscular (26%) and circulating (36%) autoantibodies also had CD8+ T‐cell infiltrations and muscle‐fiber lesions. Since MHC class I antigen and CD8+ T cells were detected in the presence of CD4+ T cells, regardless of antimuscular antibodies, we consider MMM and PM in the dog as a CD8+ T‐cell–mediated immunopathological disease that initiates muscle‐fiber destruction and leads to production of myosin autoantibodies. Muscle Nerve 2006
An alternative test of electromyographic normalization in patients
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Li , Krishnamoorthy Vijaya , Scholz John Peter 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe value of electromyography (EMG) in the interpretation of normal and pathological movement depends on recording, processing, and normalization procedures. Traditionally, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of individual muscles is commonly used for EMG normalization. However, this is a time‐ and energy‐consuming procedure, especially in patients. The aim of the present study was to compare an alternative method of recording the MVIC of lower‐limb muscles to the traditional method in healthy, young subjects as well as individuals with a stroke. The alternative method consisted of recording the maximum effort of several thigh and leg muscles simultaneously using two tasks on a dynamometer. Five healthy subjects and five individuals who had a stroke performed both MVIC tasks. The healthy group repeated the test 3 h later on the same day. In general, the method of computing maximum EMG from the alternative MVIC test yielded values that were equal or greater than those from the traditional test in both groups. In the healthy group, muscles showed similar EMGs in the two sessions, indicating that the test was reliable. These results suggest that the less time‐consuming alternative method of computing maximum EMG values used here provides a reasonable alternative when time and fatigue become issues, especially when testing patient populations. Muscle Nerve, 2006
A branch‐and‐price algorithm for parallel machine scheduling with time windows and job priorities
Authors: Bard Jonathan F. , Rojanasoonthon Siwate 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a branch‐and‐price algorithm for scheduling n jobs on m nonhomogeneous parallel machines with multiple time windows. An additional feature of the problem is that each job falls into one of ρ priority classes and may require two operations. The objective is to maximize the weighted number of jobs scheduled, where a job in a higher priority class has “infinitely” more weight or value than a job in a lower priority class. The methodology makes use of a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) to find feasible solutions during implicit enumeration and a two‐cycle elimination heuristic when solving the pricing subproblems. Extensive computational results are presented based on data from an application involving the use of communications relay satellites. Many 100‐job instances that were believed to be beyond the capability of exact methods, were solved within minutes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Polynomial‐time approximation schemes for two‐machine open shop scheduling with nonavailability constraints
Authors: Kubzin M.A. , Strusevich V.A. , Breit J. , Schmidt G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper addresses a two‐machine open shop scheduling problem, in which the machines are not continuously available for processing. The processing of an operation affected by a non‐availability interval can be interrupted and resumed later. The objective is to minimize the makespan. We present two polynomial‐time approximation schemes, one of which handles the problem with one non‐availability interval on each machine and the other for the problem with several non‐availability intervals on one of the machines. Problems with a more general structure of the non‐availability intervals are not approximable in polynomial time within a constant factor, unless $\cal{P = NP}$. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
The simple boundary element method for multiple cracks in functionally graded media governed by potential theory: a three‐dimensional Galerkin approach
Authors: Paulino Glaucio H. , Sutradhar Alok 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe simple boundary element method consists of recycling existing codes for homogeneous media to solve problems in non‐homogeneous media while maintaining a purely boundary‐only formulation. Within this scope, this paper presents a ‘simple’ Galerkin boundary element method for multiple cracks in problems governed by potential theory in functionally graded media. Steady‐state heat conduction is investigated for thermal conductivity varying either parabolically, exponentially, or trigonometrically in one or more co‐ordinates. A three‐dimensional implementation which merges the dual boundary integral equation technique with the Galerkin approach is presented. Special emphasis is given to the treatment of crack surfaces and boundary conditions. The test examples simulated with the present method are verified with finite element results using graded finite elements. The numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present method especially when multiple interacting cracks are involved. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid regularization method for inverse heat conduction problems
Authors: Ling Xianwu , Cherukuri H. P. , Horstemeyer M. F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a hybrid regularization method for solving inverse heat conduction problems. The method uses future temperatures and past fluxes to reduce the sensitivity to temperature noise. A straightforward comparison technique is suggested to find the optimal number of the future temperatures. Also, an eigenvalue reduction technique is used to further improve the accuracy of the inverse solution. The method provides a physical insight into the inverse problems under study. The insight indicates that the inverse algorithm is a general purpose algorithm and applicable to various numerical methods (although our development was based on FEM), and that the inverse solutions can be obtained by directly extending Stolz's equation in the least‐squares error (LSE) sense. Direct extension of the present method to the inverse internal heat generation problems is made. Four numerical examples are given to validate the method. The effects of the future temperatures, the past fluxes, the eigenvalue reduction, the varying number of future temperatures and local iterations for non‐linear problems are studied. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress analysis around holes or notches by special finite elements
Authors: de Miranda Stefano , Ubertini Francesco 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this paper, three special elements for stress concentration analysis around holes or notches are presented. One is based on a variational principle involving displacements, unsymmetric stresses and rotations as independent variables, the other two on the classical Hellinger–Reissner principle. The new elements are designed to be used in a single layer along the cavity rim, where enhanced properties are needed to get a satisfactory level of accuracy. Special properties are obtained by enforcing the stress approximation to satisfy a priori the traction‐free boundary condition on the element side positioned along the cavity rim and by properly enriching the displacement interpolation. The proposed elements are: applicable to geometries of arbitrary shape, easy‐to‐use, low‐cost and readily implementable into existing finite‐element codes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peroxidase‐catalyzed polymerization and copolymerization of lignin‐based macromonomer (lignocresol) having high content of p‐cresol and thermal properties of the resulting polymers
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Xia Zuyong , Takeda Kei‐ichi , Katsuta Takahiro , Sugimoto Kazutoshi , Funaoka Masamitsu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPeroxidase‐catalyzed polymerization of lignin‐based macromonomer, lignocresol, which was prepared by the phase‐separation system of lignin and p‐cresol in aqueous sulfuric acid, was carried out for the first time in aqueous organic solvents to give insoluble polymers in 55% yield. It was found that the polymerizability of lignocresol by peroxidase was enhanced by the introduction of p‐cresol in lignin side‐chains compared to that of original lignin. Copolymerization of lignocresol with p‐cresol gave the corresponding copolymers in high yields. From the IR results, lignocresol might be polymerized through a phenoxyl radical. The pyrolysis gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of the polymers obtained indicated that the polymerization of lignocresol involved mainly the oxidative coupling at the introduced p‐cresol. The thermal properties of the polymers obtained were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements, suggesting that the polymers have high thermal stability according to the crosslinked structures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synovial fluid macrophages are capable of osteoclast formation and resorption
Authors: Adamopoulos IE , Sabokbar A , Wordsworth BP , Carr A , Ferguson DJ , Athanasou NA 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo determine whether synovial fluid (SF) macrophages isolated from the SF of osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pyrophosphate arthropathy (PPA) joints are capable of osteoclast formation, and to investigate the cellular and humoral factors required for this to occur, SF macrophages (CD14+) were isolated from the knee joint SF from patients with OA, RA and PPA and cultured for up to 14 days with macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and soluble receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) or tumour‐necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) and interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α). Osteoclast differentiation was assessed by expression of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and vitronectin receptor (VNR), F‐actin ring formation and lacunar resorption. Osteoclast formation and lacunar resorption was seen in RANKL‐treated cultures of SF macrophages isolated from OA, RA and PPA joints with the largest amount of resorption noted in RA and PPA SF macrophage cultures. In TNFα/IL‐1α‐treated RA and PPA SF macrophage cultures, osteoclasts capable of lacunar resorption were also formed. Lacunar resorption was more extensive in RANKL than TNFα/IL‐1α‐treated cultures. These findings indicate that SF macrophages are capable of differentiating into mature osteoclasts capable of lacunar resorption. M‐CSF in combination with RANKL or TNFα/IL‐1α was required for osteoclast formation. As inflammatory synovial fluids contain an increase in the number of macrophages and an increase in the amounts of RANKL, TNFα and IL‐1α, these findings suggest that one means whereby bone erosions may form in rheumatoid or crystal arthritis is by differentiation of synovial fluid macrophages into osteoclasts. Copyright © 2005 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.