bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminth-derived proteins as immune system regulators: a systematic review of their promise in alleviating colitis
Authors: Alghanmi Maimonah , Minshawi Faisal , Altorki Tarfa A. , Zawawi Ayat , Alsaady Isra , Naser Abdallah Y , Alwafi Hassan , Alsulami Soa’ad M. , Azhari Ala A. , Hashem Anwar M , Alhabbab Rowa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHelminth-derived proteins have immunomodulatory properties, influencing the host’s immune response as an adaptive strategy for helminth survival. Helminth-derived proteins modulate the immune response by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines, promoting regulatory T-cell development, and ultimately favouring a Th2-biased immune response. This systematic review focused on helminth-derived proteins and explored their impact on reducing inflammatory responses in mouse models of colitis. A systematic search across Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified fourteen relevant studies. These studies reported immunomodulatory changes, including increased production of anti-inflammatory cells and cytokines. In mouse models of colitis treated with on helminth-derived proteins, significant improvements in pathological parameters such as body weight, colon length, and microscopic inflammatory scores were observed compared to control groups. Moreover, helminth-derived proteins can enhance the function of Tregs and alleviate the severity of inflammatory conditions. The findings underscore the pivotal role of helminth-derived proteins in immunomodulation, specifically in the axis of cytokine secretion and immune cell polarization. The findings offer new opportunities for treating chronic inflammatory conditions such Crohn’s disease.
Associations between 47 anthropometric markers derived from a body scanner and relative fat-free mass in a population-based study
Authors: Dietzmann Maximilian , Radke Dörte , Markus Marcello RP , Wiese Mats , Völzke Henry , Felix Stephan B. , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin , Ittermann Till 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Low relative fat free mass (FFM) is associated with a greater risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Unfortunately, FFM is currently not being measured regularly to allow for individuals therapy.

Objective
One reason why FFM is not being used may be related to additional equipment and resources, thus we aimed to identify easily accessible anthropometric markers related with FFM.

Materials and methods
We analyzed data of 1,593 individuals (784 women; 49.2%, age range 28–88 years) enrolled in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND 1). Forty-seven anthropometric markers were derived from a 3D optical body-scanner. FFM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (FFMBIA) or air displacement plethysmography (FFMADP). In sex-stratified linear regression models, FFM was regressed on anthropometric measurements adjusted for body height and age. Anthropometric markers were ranked according to the coefficient of determination (R2) derived from these regression models.

Results
Circumferences of high hip, belly, middle hip, waist and high waist showed the strongest inverse associations with FFM. These relations were stronger in females than in males. Associations of anthropometric markers with FFMAPD were greater compared to FFMBIA.

Conclusion
Anthropometric measures were more strongly associated with FFMADP compared to FFMBIA. Anthropometric markers like circumferences of the high or middle hip, belly or waist may be appropriate surrogates for FFM to aid in individualized therapy. Given that the identified markers are representative of visceral adipose tissue, the connection between whole body strength as surrogate for FFM and fat mass should be explored in more detail.
Use of serum KL-6 and chest radiographic severity grade to predict 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zou Jing , Shi Yiping , Xue Shan , Jiang Handong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global social and economic impact. An easy assessment procedure to handily identify the mortality risk of inpatients is urgently needed in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple nomogram model to categorize patients who might have a poor short-term outcome.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 189 COVID-19 patients was performed at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital from December 12, 2022 to February 28, 2023. Chest radiography and biomarkers, including KL-6 were assessed. Risk factors of 28-day mortality were selected by a Cox regression model. A nomogram was developed based on selected variables by SMOTE strategy. The predictive performance of the derived nomogram was evaluated by calibration curve.

Results
In total, 173 patients were enrolled in this study. The 28-day mortality event occurred in 41 inpatients (23.7%). Serum KL-6 and radiological severity grade (RSG) were selected as the final risk factors. A nomogram model was developed based on KL-6 and RSG. The calibration curve suggested that the nomogram model might have potential clinical value. The AUCs for serum KL-6, RSG, and the combined score in the development group and validation group were 0.885 (95% CI: 0.804–0.952), 0.818 (95% CI: 0.711–0.899), 0.868 (95% CI: 0.776–0.942) and 0.932 (95% CI: 0.862–0.997), respectively.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that the nomogram based on KL-6 and RSG might be a potential method for evaluating 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients. A high combined score might indicate a poor outcome in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.
Implementation of peer support for people with severe mental health conditions in high-, middle- and low-income-countries: a theory of change approach
Authors: Hiltensperger Ramona , Ryan Grace , Ben-Dor Inbar Adler , Charles Ashleigh , Epple Ellen , Kalha Jasmine , Korde Palak , Kotera Yasuhiro , Mpango Richard , Moran Galia , Mueller-Stierlin Annabel Sandra , Nixdorf Rebecca , Ramesh Mary , Shamba Donat , Slade Mike , Puschner Bernd , Nakku Juliet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Stakeholder engagement is essential to the design, implementation and evaluation of complex mental health interventions like peer support. Theory of Change (ToC) is commonly used in global health research to help structure and promote stakeholder engagement throughout the project cycle. Stakeholder insights are especially important in the context of a multi-site trial, in which an intervention may need to be adapted for implementation across very different settings while maintaining fidelity to a core model. This paper describes the development of a ToC for a peer support intervention to be delivered to people with severe mental health conditions in five countries as part of the UPSIDES trial.

Methods
One hundred thirty-four stakeholders from diverse backgrounds participated in a total of 17 workshops carried out at six UPSIDES implementing sites across high-, middle- and low-income settings (one site each in India, Israel, Uganda and Tanzania; two sites in Germany). The initial ToC maps created by stakeholders at each site were integrated into a cross-site ToC map, which was then revised to incorporate additional insights from the academic literature and updated iteratively through multiple rounds of feedback provided by the implementers.

Results
The final ToC map divides the implementation of the UPSIDES peer support intervention into three main stages: preparation, implementation, and sustainability. The map also identifies three levels of actors involved in peer support: individuals (service users and peer support workers), organisations (and their staff members), and the public. In the UPSIDES trial, the ToC map proved especially helpful in characterising and distinguishing between (a) common features of peer support, (b) shared approaches to implementation and (c) informing adaptations to peer support or implementation to account for contextual differences.

Conclusions
UPSIDES is the first project to develop a multi-national ToC for a mental health peer support intervention. Stakeholder engagement in the ToC process helped to improve the cultural and contextual appropriateness of a complex intervention and ensure equivalence across sites for the purposes of a multi-site trial. It may serve as a blueprint for implementing similar interventions with a focus on recovery and social inclusion among people with mental ill-health across diverse settings.

Trial registration
ISRCTN26008944 (Registration Date: 30/10/2019).
Multidrug-resistant pathogens and ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients: a prospective observational monocentric comparative study
Authors: Montrucchio Giorgia , Balzani Eleonora , Sales Gabriele , Vaninetti Anna , Grillo Francesca , Trompeo Anna Chiara , Zanierato Marinella , Fanelli Vito , Corcione Silvia , De Rosa Francesco Giuseppe , Curtoni Antonio , Costa Cristina , Brazzi Luca 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients. However, a comparison of VAP incidence in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohorts, particularly in a context with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, is lacking.

Material and Methods
We conducted a single-center, mixed prospective and retrospective cohort study comparing COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital in Turin, Italy, between March 2020 and December 2021 (COVID-19 group), with a historical cohort of ICU patients admitted between June 2016 and March 2018 (NON-COVID-19 group). The primary objective was to define the incidence of VAP in both cohorts. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the microbial cause, resistance patters, risk factors and impact on 28 days, ICU and in-hospital mortality, duration of ICU stay, and duration of hospitalization).

Results
We found a significantly higher incidence of VAP (51.9% - n = 125) among the 241 COVID-19 patients compared to that observed (31.2% - n = 78) among the 252 NON-COVID-19 patients. The median SOFA score was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group (9, Interquartile range, IQR: 7–11 vs. 10, IQR: 8–13, p < 0.001). The COVID-19 group had a higher prevalence of Gram-positive bacteria-related VAP (30% vs. 9%, p < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of difficult-to-treat (DTR) or MDR bacteria. ICU and in-hospital mortality in the COVID-19 and NON-COVID-19 groups were 71% and 74%, vs. 33% and 43%, respectively. The presence of COVID-19 was significantly associated with an increased risk of 28-day all-cause hospital mortality (Hazard ratio, HR: 7.95, 95% Confidence Intervals, 95% CI: 3.10-20.36, p < 0.001). Tracheostomy and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation were protective against 28-day mortality, while dialysis and a high SOFA score were associated with a higher risk of 28-day mortality.

Conclusion
COVID-19 patients with VAP appear to have a significantly higher ICU and in-hospital mortality risk regardless of the presence of MDR and DTR pathogens. Tracheostomy and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation appear to be associated with better outcomes.
Detecting child sexual abuse in child and adolescent psychiatry: a survey study of healthcare professionals’ assessment practice
Authors: Halvorsen Margrethe Seeger , Stige Signe Hjelen , Halvorsen Jorunn E. , Binder Per-Einar , Måkestad Elida , Albaek Ane Ugland , Andersen Ann Christin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Research shows that only around half of all survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) disclose the abuse during childhood and adolescence. This is worrying, as CSA is related to substantial suffering later in life. The proportion of children and adolescents who have been exposed to CSA is significantly higher in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) than in the general population. Healthcare professionals report that uncovering CSA is a complex and challenging task. However, we know little about how they proceed when uncovering CSA. More knowledge of healthcare personnel’s experience is therefore necessary to facilitate and increase CSA disclosure. The study aims to explore how CAP healthcare professionals in Norway proceed when assessing and detecting CSA, how they experience this work, and what hinders or facilitates their efforts.

Methods
The study employed a mixed method approach. Data was collected through an anonymous online survey, generating both quantitative and qualitative data. The sample consisted of 111 healthcare professionals in CAP, of whom 84% were women, with a mean age of 40.7 years (range 24–72; sd = 10.8). Mean years of CAP clinical experience were 8.3 years (range 0–41; sd = 7.5). The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and independent sample t-tests, while the qualitative data was analysed using a team-based qualitative content analysis.

Results
The results showed that detection of CSA was viewed as an important, but complex task in CAP, and the existing procedures were deemed to be insufficient. The therapists mostly felt confident about how to proceed when they suspected or detected CSA, yet they seldom detected CSA. In their initial assessment they applied standardised procedures, but if their suspicion of possible CSA persisted, they seemed to rely more on clinical judgement. Specific challenges and facilitators for CSA detection were identified, both in the individual and in the organisation.

Conclusions
The study highlights the challenges and complexities healthcare professionals and the CAP system face when assessing CSA, which may account for the low detection rate. The results show that healthcare professionals believe room for clinical autonomy and targeted competence development may improve CSA detection. Additionally, the findings suggest a need for CAP to define roles and responsibilities within and between agencies.
Cellular ATP redistribution achieved by deleting Tgparp improves lignocellulose utilization of Trichoderma under heat stress
Authors: Li Tuo , Liu Yang , Zhu Han , Cao Linhua , Zhou Yihao , Liu Dongyang , Shen Qirong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Thermotolerance is widely acknowledged as a pivotal factor for fungal survival across diverse habitats. Heat stress induces a cascade of disruptions in various life processes, especially in the acquisition of carbon sources, while the mechanisms by which filamentous fungi adapt to heat stress and maintain carbon sources are still not fully understood.

Results
Using Trichoderma guizhouense, a representative beneficial microorganism for plants, we discover that heat stress severely inhibits the lignocellulases secretion, affecting carbon source utilization efficiency. Proteomic results at different temperatures suggest that proteins involved in the poly ADP-ribosylation pathway (TgPARP and TgADPRase) may play pivotal roles in thermal adaptation and lignocellulose utilization. TgPARP is induced by heat stress, while the deletion of Tgparp significantly improves the lignocellulose utilization capacity and lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense. Simultaneously, the absence of Tgparp prevents the excessive depletion of ATP and NAD+, enhances the protective role of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevates the expression levels of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related regulatory factor Tgire. Further investigations reveal that a stable MMP can establish energy homeostasis, allocating more ATP within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to reduce protein accumulation in the ER, thereby enhancing the lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense under heat stress.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings underscored the significance of Tgparp as pivotal regulators in lignocellulose utilization under heat stress and provided further insights into the molecular mechanism of filamentous fungi in utilizing lignocellulose.
Cardiac transplant rejection assessment with 18F-FDG PET-CT: initial single-centre experience for diagnosis and management
Authors: Dar Owais , Dulay Mansimran Singh , Riesgo-Gil Fernando , Morley-Smith Andrew , Brookes Paul , Lyster Haifa , Rice Alexandra , Underwood Stephen R. , Dunning John , Wechalekar Kshama 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Rejection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in heart transplant (HTx) recipients. Current methods for diagnosing rejection have limitations. Imaging methods to map the entire left ventricle and reliably identify potential sites of rejection is lacking. Animal studies suggest FDG PET-CT (FDG PET) could have potential application in human HTx recipients.

Methods
Between December 2020 and February 2022, all HTx recipients at Harefield Hospital, London, with definite or suspected rejection underwent FDG PET in addition to routine work-up.

Results
Thirty HTx recipients (12 with definite and 18 with suspected rejection) underwent FDG PET scans. Overall, 12 of the 30 patients had FDG PET with increased myocardial avidity, of whom 2 died (17%). Eighteen patients of the 30 patients had FDG PET with no myocardial avidity and all are alive (100%, p = 0.15). All patients with definite rejection, scanned within 2 weeks of starting anti-rejection treatment, showed increased myocardial avidity. In 5 cases, FDG PET showed myocardial avidity beyond 6 weeks despite pulsed steroid treatment, suggesting unresolved myocardial rejection.

Conclusion
Preliminary findings suggest FDG PET may have a role in diagnosing cardiac transplant rejection. Future blinded studies are needed to help further validate this.
Frontal ghost tumour: a case report
Authors: Mathew Mesi , Gundu Isaac , Aruna Afeez Ajibade , Gana Samuel Isa , Mahmud Muhammad Raji , Jimoh Abdullahi Onimisi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Ghost tumors spontaneously disappear or decrease to less than 70% before definitive diagnosis and treatment (other than steroid treatment). We report our experience with a patient who had not received steroids, and the challenges of managing a ghost tumor from a developing country.

Case presentation
A 71 year old female with frontal mass, right proptosis, and frontal headache. Mass was confirmed by cranial CT scan but entirely resolved while the patient was awaiting surgery. Further follow-up at 6 months revealed clinical and MRI evidence of recurrence. Ghost tumors are no myths and can recur!

Conclusion
It is imperative to closely follow up with patients who have complete resolution of brain tumors prior to definitive treatment.
Biological characteristics of two pathogens causing brown blotch in Agaricus Bisporus and the toxin identification of Cedecea neteri
Authors: Huang Zaixing , Huang Yiyun , Nie Yulu , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrown blotch disease in Agaricus bisporus reduces its commercial value, resulting in significant economic losses. The pathogens of brown blotch disease are diverse. Current research on the biological characteristics and toxins has been limited to Pseudomonas tolaasii but lacks understanding of other pathogens. Understanding the biological characteristics of the pathogens and identifying their toxins are essential prerequisites for disease prevention and control. This study isolated two pathogens from brown discoloration in A. bisporus in Guangxi, China, and identified them as Pseudomonas tolaasii and Cedecea neteri. C. neteri exhibited stronger resistance to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and H2O2 and a broader pH adaptation range than P. tolaasii. P. tolaasii showed higher swimming motility than C. neteri. C. neteri produces two toxins identified as phenylacetic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, causing browning symptoms in A. bisporus at 20 μg and 10 μg, respectively. The present study compared various biological characteristics between P. tolaasii and C. neteri. The toxins produced by C. neteri were extracted and identified, and their toxicity to A. bisporus was evaluated, which is the first report on C. neteri toxins. These discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the biological characteristics and biotoxins of C. neteri. The research findings offer new insights for developing novel disease prevention and control strategies.
Women Weavers and Their Agency
Authors: Pishkhani Golnesa Rezanezhad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores women’s agency in the production of handwoven rugs in both rural and urban areas of contemporary northern Iran. It examines research data through an intersectional lens to understand how various factors render subjects able or unable to apply a specific form of agency in relation to the handweaving tradition in northern Iran. This study is the result of empirical research in two villages, Sakineh-abaad and Anbarran, and two cities, Rasht and Tehran. While for one group of women weaving is incompatible with modern ideals of womanhood and provides no means of class mobility, for the other group weaving is an empowering tool and a resource for gaining economic and cultural capital. Each group of research participants shows a specific form of agency and multiple experiences of subjecthood embedded in its weaving practices.
Muslim Women and Social Activism
Authors: Ghafournia Nafiseh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite the increasing inclusion of intersections of sexual, racial, and class differences in contemporary feminist theory, there remains an omission in the scholarship in terms of exploring the intersections of religion (Islam), gender, and sexual violence. This article addresses this gap in the literature by focusing on the #MosqueMeToo movement. Using an intersectional lens, the article provides an overview of this movement from current literature as well as content analysis of a number of Twitter (now X) posts. It examines the potential, strength, and impact of the movement and explores how it provides Muslim women with an accessible way to share their lived experiences. Moreover, the article elucidates the current backlash and self-reflections in response to the movement.
Stably polarized 795  nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with anti-phase SiNx surface gratings
Authors: Fu Qiuxue , Sun Yurun , Yu Shuzhen , Qiu Bocang , Zhao Yongmin , Dong Jianrong 
Published: April 2024

795 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with dielectric surface gratings to control the output polarization are designed and fabricated. The calculated results demonstrate that a well-designed SiNx surface grating positioned on the surface of an anti-phase VCSEL structure enhances the reflectivity difference between the two polarization modes compared to a conventional GaAs surface grating, consequently resulting in a larger gain anisotropy in VCSELs and a high orthogonal polarization suppression ratio (OPSR). Characterization shows that a peak-to-peak OPSR of 30.3 dB is achieved at 85°C for 795 nm VCSELs with a SiNx surface grating of 5 µm in diameter and an oxide aperture of ∼4µm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the SiNx surface grating in polarization control for 795 nm VCSELs.