bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence model for segmentation and severity scoring of osteophytes in hand osteoarthritis on ultrasound images
Authors: Overgaard Benjamin Schultz , Christensen Anders Bossel Holst , Terslev Lene , Savarimuthu Thiusius Rajeeth , Just Søren Andreas 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model able to perform both segmentation of hand joint ultrasound images for osteophytes, bone, and synovium and perform osteophyte severity scoring following the EULAR-OMERACT grading system (EOGS) for hand osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsOne hundred sixty patients with pain or reduced function of the hands were included. Ultrasound images of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP), and first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joints were then manually segmented for bone, synovium and osteophytes and scored from 0 to 3 according to the EOGS for OA. Data was divided into a training, validation, and test set. The AI model was trained on the training data to perform bone, synovium, and osteophyte identification on the images. Based on the manually performed image segmentation, an AI was trained to classify the severity of osteophytes according to EOGS from 0 to 3. Percent Exact Agreement (PEA) and Percent Close Agreement (PCA) were assessed on individual joints and overall. PCA allows a difference of one EOGS grade between doctor assessment and AI.ResultsA total of 4615 ultrasound images were used for AI development and testing. The developed AI model scored on the test set for the MCP joints a PEA of 76% and PCA of 97%; for PIP, a PEA of 70% and PCA of 97%; for DIP, a PEA of 59% and PCA of 94%, and CMC a PEA of 50% and PCA of 82%. Combining all joints, we found a PEA between AI and doctor assessments of 68% and a PCA of 95%.ConclusionThe developed AI model can perform joint ultrasound image segmentation and severity scoring of osteophytes, according to the EOGS. As proof of concept, this first version of the AI model is successful, as the agreement performance is slightly higher than previously found agreements between experts when assessing osteophytes on hand OA ultrasound images. The segmentation of the image makes the AI explainable to the doctor, who can immediately see why the AI applies a given score. Future validation in hand OA cohorts is necessary though.
Predictive value of serum albumin levels on cancer survival: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Quan , Li Xu , Sun Chun-Rong 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundSerum albumin levels and cancer mortality are closely related, yet large-sample studies encompassing a broad spectrum of cancer types are lacking.MethodsThis study encompassed patients diagnosed with cancer across the continuous 10 cycles of NHANES surveys from 1999 to 2018. The study population was stratified into two groups based on median albumin levels (≤ 4.2g/dL and &gt; 4.2 g/dL) or cancer aggressiveness (well-survived cancers and poorly-survived cancers). Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and cancer mortality. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to assess the nonlinear relationship between serum albumin levels and the risk of cancer mortality.ResultsKaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that patients with albumin levels ≤ 4.2 g/dL exhibited lower survival rates compared to those with levels &gt; 4.2 g/dL, irrespective of cancer aggressiveness. Following adjustment for confounders, decreased albumin levels were associated with an elevated risk of cancer mortality across all groups [all cancers, HR (95%CI) = 2.03(1.73, 2.37); well survived cancers, HR (95%CI) = 1.78(1.38, 2.32); and poorly survived cancers, HR (95%CI) = 1.99(1.64, 2.42)]. RCS analyses revealed a stable nonlinear negative association between albumin levels and cancer mortality in all groups, regardless of confounder adjustment.ConclusionLow serum albumin levels predict higher cancer mortality. Furthermore, a nonlinear negative association was observed between serum albumin levels and the risk of cancer mortality.
Effects of unilateral, bilateral, and combined unilateral+bilateral complex resistance training on bench press and squat strength in adolescent boxers
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Xiuxia , Geng Jiaxian 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To assess the effects of 8 weeks of unilateral (UNI), bilateral (BI), and combined unilateral + bilateral (UNI + BI) resistance training on bench press and squat strength in adolescent boxers.Methods: Using the Gym Aware linear accelerometer, free-weight squat and bench press strength exercises were evaluated after an 8-week training intervention. Thirty adolescent boxers were randomly assigned to three groups: UNI, height: 1.73 ± 0.08 m, weight: 55.42 ± 5.85 kg; UNI + BI, height: 1.7 ± 0.06 m, weight: 54.73 ± 5.33 kg; and BI, height: 1.74 ± 0.06 m, weight: 59.67 ± 8.39 kg. Each group followed their designated UNI/BI/UNI + BI compound resistance training protocols, and the effects of 8 weeks of single-sided and bilateral intervention training on the performance of free-weight squat and bench press exercises at 30%, 50%, and 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) were evaluated.Results: Significant improvements were observed in the 30% 1RM, 50% 1RM, and 80% 1RM outcomes for both squat and bench press exercises before and after the interventions (p &lt; 0.05, p &lt; 0.01). In the intergroup comparison, GymAware measurements revealed that the UNI and UNI + BI groups exhibited superior peak power values for squat and bench press exercises at 30% 1RM compared to the BI group.Discussion: UNI and UNI + BI training led to significantly higher output power values in bench press and squat exercises at 30% 1RM compared to the BI training group.
Implications of EMG channel count: enhancing pattern recognition online prosthetic testing
Authors: Simon Ann M. , Newkirk Keira , Miller Laura A. , Turner Kristi L. , Brenner Kevin , Stephens Michael , Hargrove Levi J. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMyoelectric pattern recognition systems have shown promising control of upper limb powered prostheses and are now commercially available. These pattern recognition systems typically record from up to 8 muscle sites, whereas other control systems use two-site control. While previous offline studies have shown 8 or fewer sites to be optimal, real-time control was not evaluated.MethodsSix individuals with no limb absence and four individuals with a transradial amputation controlled a virtual upper limb prosthesis using pattern recognition control with 8 and 16 channels of EMG. Additionally, two of the individuals with a transradial amputation performed the Assessment for Capacity of Myoelectric Control (ACMC) with a multi-articulating hand and wrist prosthesis with the same channel count conditions.ResultsUsers had significant improvements in control when using 16 compared to 8 EMG channels including decreased classification error (p = 0.006), decreased completion time (p = 0.019), and increased path efficiency (p = 0.013) when controlling a virtual prosthesis. ACMC scores increased by more than three times the minimal detectable change from the 8 to the 16-channel condition.DiscussionThe results of this study indicate that increasing EMG channel count beyond the clinical standard of 8 channels can benefit myoelectric pattern recognition users.
Incidence of De Novo Post-Transplant Malignancies in Thai Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center, Population-Controlled, Retrospective Cohort Study at the Highest Volume Kidney Transplant Center in Thailand
Authors: Srisuwarn Praopilad , Sutharattanapong Napun , Disthabanchong Sinee , Kantachuvesiri Surasak , Kitiyakara Chagriya , Phakdeekitcharoen Bunyong , Ingsathit Atiporn , Sumethkul Vasant 
Published: March 2024

Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at increased risk of developing de novo post-transplant malignancies (PTMs), with regional differences in types with excess risk compared to the general population. A single-center, population-controlled, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Thailand among all adults who underwent their first kidney transplant from 1986 to 2018. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of malignancy by age, sex, and place of residence were obtained using data from the National Cancer Registry of Thailand as population control. There were 2,024 KTRs [mean age, 42.4 years (SD 11.4); female patients, 38.6%] during 16,495 person-years at risk. Of these, 125 patients (6.2%) developed 133 de novo PTMs. The SIR for all PTMs was 3.85 (95% CI 3.22, 4.56), and for pooled solid and hematologic PTMs, it was 3.32 (95% CI 2.73, 3.99). Urothelial malignancies had the largest excess risk, especially in women [female SIR 114.7 (95% CI 66.8, 183.6); male SIR 17.5 (95% CI 8.72, 31.2)]. The next two most common cancers were non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and skin cancer [SIR 20.3 (95% CI 13.6, 29.1) and 24.7 (95% CI 15.3-37.8), respectively]. Future studies are needed to identify the risk factors and assess the need for systematic screening among PTMs with excess risk in KTRs.
Treatment failure of
Helicobacter pylori
in primary care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: van den Brink Gertrude , Koggel Lieke M , Hendriks Joris JH , de Boer Mark GJ , Siersema Peter D , Numans Mattijs E 
Published: March 2024

Background

Owing to increasing antibiotic resistance, the worldwide efficacy of
Helicobacter pylori
(HP) eradication treatment has decreased.

Aim
To determine antimicrobial resistance of HP in primary care.

Design & setting
Retrospective cohort study using real-world routine healthcare data from 80 general practices in the Netherlands.

Method
Patients with International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC) codes for gastric symptoms or Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes for acid inhibition in the period 2010–2020 were selected. Main outcomes were antimicrobial resistance of HP, defined as the prescription of a second eradication treatment within 12 months, and clinical remission of gastric symptoms, defined as no usage of acid inhibition 1 year following eradication therapy.

Results

We identified 138 455 patients with gastric symptoms and/or acid inhibition use (mean age 57 years [standard deviation 18.2 years], 43% male). A total of 5224 (4%) patients received an HP eradication treatment. A second treatment was prescribed to 416 (8%) of those patients. From these, 380 patients received amoxicillin–clarithromycin, 16 amoxicillin–metronidazole, and 11 clarithromycin–metronidazole as first regimen and were considered antimicrobial resistant. We observed a 0.8% increment per year of patients requiring a second eradication treatment (
P
= 0.003, 95% confidence interval = 0.33 to 1.22). After successful eradication, 2329/4808 (48%) patients used acid inhibition compared with 355/416 (85%) patients following treatment failure (
P
<0.001).

Conclusion
Antimicrobial treatment is not successful in almost one-tenth of HP infections in primary care after a first treatment containing clarithromycin and/or metronidazole. Although the treatment failure rate is not as high as reported in secondary care, the increasing trend is concerning and may require revision of the current guidelines.
Delivering relational continuity of care in UK general practice: a scoping review
Authors: Fox Miglena N , Dickson Jon M , Burch Patrick , Hind Daniel , Hawksworth Olivia 
Published: March 2024

Background
Relational continuity of care (patients seeing the same GP) is associated with better outcomes for patients, but it has been declining in general practice in the UK.

Aim
To understand what interventions have been tried to improve relational continuity of care in general practice in the UK.

Design & setting
Scoping review of articles on UK General Practice and written in English.

Method
An electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus from 2002 to the present day was undertaken. Sources of grey literature were also searched. Studies that detailed service-level methods of achieving relational continuity of care with a GP in the UK were eligible for inclusion. Interventions were described narratively in relation to the elements listed in the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). A logic model describing the rationale behind interventions was constructed.

Results
Seventeen unique interventions were identified. The interventions used a wide variety of strategies to try to improve relational continuity. This included personal lists, amended booking processes, regular reviews, digital technology, facilitated follow-ups, altered appointment times, and use of acute hubs. Twelve of the interventions targeted specific patient groups for increased continuity while others focused on increasing continuity for all patients. Changes in continuity levels were measured inconsistently using several different methods.

Conclusion
Several different strategies have been used in UK general practices in an attempt to improve relational continuity of care. While there is a similar underlying logic to these interventions, their scope, aims, and methods vary considerably. Furthermore, owing to a weak evidence base, comparing their efficacy remains challenging.
Avaliação da cultura de segurança do paciente em um ambulatório de saúde na perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional
Authors: Rodrigues Evando Geraldo , Do Prado Júnior Pedro Paulo , De Faria Luciane Ribeiro , Siman Andréia Guerra 
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A cultura de segurança do paciente é concebida como o reflexo da interação de comportamentos, valores e competências que determinam o engajamento com o gerenciamento da saúde e da segurança, substituindo a cultura punitiva pela oportunidade de aprendizado coletivo, o aprender com os erros. A segurança do paciente é uma temática amplamente estudada na atualidade. Apesar do crescente interesse no assunto, ainda é perceptível a falta de sensibilização para o problema na Atenção Primária à Saúde, por isso há necessidade de trabalhar essa temática nesse nível de assistência, a fim de diminuir os danos e eventos adversos causados pela assistência à saúde. Objetivo: analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente no contexto de um ambulatório de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo realizado em um ambulatório, classificado formalmente como uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e vinculado a uma universidade federal, situado na Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dados colhidos pela intervenção do questionário MOSPSC, com 56 profissionais, analisados por estatística descritiva, percentuais maiores ou igual a 75% de respostas positivas são avaliadas, como forte; menores ou iguais a 50% fracas, e entre 50% menores que 75%, neutras. Resultados: Duas das dimensões foram fortes: troca de informações com outras instituições/serviços e segurança do paciente e problemas de qualidade do cuidado. Três das dimensões avaliadas como fracas: Comunicação sobre o erro, Comunicação aberta e Acompanhamento da assistência ao paciente; e sete dimensões analisadas como neutras. Conclusões: Sob a perspectiva da equipe multiprofissional atuantes em um ambulatório de saúde, há uma Cultura de Segurança estabelecida de forma neutra. Sugere-se que seja instituído uma unidade do Núcleo de segurança do paciente no serviço.
Eutanasia Ditinjau dari Etika Kedokteran di Indonesia
Authors: Rarung Octaviane K. , Tomuka Djemi , Siwu James F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Legal perspective euthanasia is a form of taking one's life. There are differences in the legality of euthanasia in Indonesia and several other countries that require doctors to understand the medical ethics related to euthanasia. This study aimed to explore the medical ethics related to euthanasia. This was a systematic literature review study using three database sources, namely ClinicalKey, Pubmed, and Sage Journal based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The results showed that euthanasia was not an appropriate and ethical matter for doctors to do. Doctors had to fulfill the autonomy of patients meanwhile doctors had also to consider the decisions given by patients since not all decisions of the patients had to be fulfilled, let alone decisions asking for euthanasia. Medical ethics viewed euthanasia as an unethical act to be performed by a doctor. Legal and religious views viewed euthanasia as something that should not be done. Moreover, medical ethics' view on euthanasia was different from bioethics' view on euthanasia. Bioethics viewed euthanasia from various perspectives, broader than medical ethics did. In conclusion, medical ethics respects the autonomy of the patient, albeit, the patient does not have the right to assert the obligation of others to fulfill that right.
Keywords: euthanasia; medical ethics; doctors; patient’s autonomy

Abstrak: Dalam perspektif hukum eutanasia merupakan suatu bentuk tindakan menghilangkan nyawa seseorang. Terdapat perbedaan legalitas eutanasia di Indonesia dengan beberapa negara lain yang mewajibkan dokter untuk mengetahui etika kedokteran terkait eutanasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami etika kedokteran terkait eutanasia. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan ialah systematic literature review dengan tiga sumber database yang digunakan yakni ClinicalKey, Pubmed, dan Sage Journal berdasarkan kriteria inklusi serta kriteria eksklusi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa eutanasia bukan hal yang pantas dan bukan hal yang etis untuk dilakukan oleh seorang dokter. Dokter memang harus memenuhi otonomi pasien namun dokter juga harus mempertimbangkan keputusan yang diberikan pasien karena tidak semua keputusan yang diambil pasien harus dipenuhi oleh dokter, apalagi keputusan meminta untuk eutanasia. Etika kedokteran memandang eutanasia sebagai tindakan yang tidak etis untuk dilakukan oleh seorang dokter. Pandangan hukum dan pandangan agama memandang eutanasia sebagai hal yang tidak patut untuk dilakukan. Pandangan etika kedokteran terhadap eutanasia berbeda dengan pandangan bioetika terhadap eutanasia. Bioetika memandang eutanasia dari berbagai sudut pandang, yang lebih luas dari pandangan etika kedokteran. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah etika kedokteran menghargai otonomi pasien namun pasien tidak mempunyai hak untuk menuntut kewajiban orang lain untuk memenuhi hak tersebut.
Kata kunci: eutanasia; etika kedokteran; dokter; otonomi pasien
Integrated model membrane for biophysical studies and biomedical applications
Authors: Morigaki Kenichi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The biological membrane is a dynamic supramolecular architecture that plays vital roles in the cell. However, understanding the physicochemical properties and functions of the membrane supramolecular system is difficult. We have developed an integrated model system of the biological membrane comprising patterned polymeric and natural lipid bilayers. The polymeric bilayer acts as a framework to support embedded natural membranes. The embedded natural membranes retain important characteristics of the biological membrane such as fluidity, and reproduces the physical states and functions of the biological membrane. Membrane proteins can be reconstituted into the model membrane for analyzing their functions in a controlled lipid membrane environment. Three-dimensional structures can be constructed by attaching micro-/nano-fabricated structures to the polymeric bilayer framework. The integrated model membrane realizes a versatile platform to study membrane functions, and should open new opportunities in fundamental biological sciences as well as biomedical/analytical applications.
Effects of beam steering angle and excitation frequency on blood flow imaging with plane wave imaging
Authors: Maru Takatoshi , Omura Masaaki , Nagaoka Ryo , Saito Kozue , Hasegawa Hideyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The vector Doppler method was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional methods, which can only estimate axial velocities. Because the vector Doppler method uses steered beams, the excitation frequency is set lower than the resonance frequency of the transducer elements to prevent the generation of grating lobes. Although lowering the steering angle is another solution, a larger steering angle span leads to a more accurate estimation of velocity vectors. We have developed a method for estimating the steering angle from the received echo signals, which might enable an accurate estimation of velocity vectors even with small steering angles. In this study, the effects of steering angle and excitation frequency were investigated by numerical simulation and in vivo measurement of the carotid artery. The results showed that similar accuracies were obtained at high (6.94 MHz) and low (4.8 MHz) frequencies, and that better visualization of weak echoes from blood cells was achieved at 6.94 MHz.
Transient positron annihilation spectroscopy under light irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature: evaluation of defect states in single-crystal ZnO
Authors: Nakajima Makoto , Kinomura Atsushi , Xu Qiu , Kuriyama Kazuo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A time-dependent measurement system has been developed for positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the effects of light irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature. The system enables the measurement of positron annihilation lifetimes after pulse light irradiation, utilizing various time windows to investigate the transient changes of photo-excited vacancy-type defects. Additionally, this system facilitates coincidence Doppler broadening measurements during light irradiation at liquid nitrogen temperature. The system was successfully employed to analyze changes in positron lifetime and positron annihilation sites in electron-irradiated single-crystalline ZnO under light irradiation.
Accurate nanoparticle size measurement by combining photometry and tracking analysis
Authors: Zhang Yiyang , Wang Chen , Wang Jingan , Zhang Cheng , Zheng Weiqiang , Qiu Yue , Yang Yuting 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Accurate determination of nanoparticle size is paramount in various fields, including molecular imaging, food safety, drug delivery, and nanobiotechnology. Conventional methods face limitations in accurately resolving different size distributions. Here, we introduce an approach to measure size distribution by combining photometry and tracking analysis of single particles. Our approach is based on a plasmonic dark field imaging system to image and track individual nanoparticles. Scattering intensity, spot size, and diffusion coefficient are quantified and fed into the machine learning model to establish the relationship with particle sizes. Compared with conventional methods, our approach shows improved accuracy in size measurement. To verify the universality of our method, we further demonstrate the sizing capability at diverse and complex conditions, enabling us to discriminate particle size differences within 20 nm in polydisperse systems.