bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A health protection model for Hispanic adults with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Latham Christine L , Calvillo Evelyn 
Published: June 2007

Aims.  The Hispanic Health Protection Model (HHPM) was designed to assist practitioners’ systematic assessment of Hispanic people to establish baselines and evaluate the success of early diabetes treatment. This article provides the research basis of the HHPM and related assessment tools.Background.  The treatment of diabetes incorporates lifestyle change, and this adjustment is particularly important to follow with vulnerable groups. One such group is the Hispanic population, since the impact of diabetes is greatest on economically disadvantaged segments of this population, who suffer disproportionately higher Type 2 diabetes prevalence and higher levels of morbidity and mortality as compared with other populations. Traditional Hispanic health beliefs are often in conflict with Western medicine, so the adjustments to the lifestyle demands of this disease need to be evaluated.Methods.  To understand this discrepancy fully in patient outcomes, a culturally sensitive assessment framework was developed based on health protection theories and research with Hispanic people with diabetes and, based on this framework, assessment tools were translated for use during interviews with low literacy, Spanish‐speaking patients.Conclusions.  The HHPM translated measures of premorbid lifestyle, health beliefs, support, self‐efficacy, quality of life, knowledge of diabetes, and physiological parameters can be used during consecutive clinic visits during the first six months of therapy to map the success of patients’ understanding of and psychological adjustment to diabetes.Relevance to clinical practice.  The HHPM is a culturally‐relevant, systematic, and holistic approach to assessing adjustment of Hispanic people to a new diagnosis of diabetes, including their psychological, cognitive, and physiological outcomes. Using this type of systematic approach will allow practitioners to target barriers to therapy, such as a lack of self‐efficacy or incomplete knowledge of the disease and its treatment in a strategic manner to improve patient success in managing the complex lifestyle changes of diabetes mellitus.
Comparison of four antibiotics with indigenous marine Bacillus spp. in controlling pathogenic bacteria from shrimp and Artemia
Authors: Banerjee S , Devaraja T N , Shariff M , Yusoff F M 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUse of antibiotics for the control of bacterial diseases in shrimp culture has caused several adverse impacts to the industry. This has resulted in the search for alternative environment friendly approaches to overcome bacterial infections. This study was conducted to investigate the use of beneficial bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Ten pathogenic bacterial species isolated from shrimp, Penaeus monodon, and Artemia cysts were tested for susceptibility to indigenous marine Bacillus subtilis AB65, Bacillus pumilus AB58, Bacillus licheniformis AB69 and compared with oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and bacitracin, which are common antibiotics used in Asian aquaculture. The Bacillus spp. were isolated from the local marine environment for bioremediation use in shrimp hatcheries and were proven to reduce total ammonium nitrogen. The pathogenic bacterial isolates were 90% susceptible to B. subtilis AB65, 70% susceptible to B. pumilus AB58 and B. licheniformis AB69 and 100% susceptible to oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamicin but only 40% to bacitracin. Two representative isolates of the vibrio group, Vibrio alginolyticus VaM11 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus VpM1, when tested for competitive exclusion by a common broth method using the marine Bacillus spp., showed decreased viable counts from 108 to 102 cfu mL−1. The results suggest that the action of the marine bacteria appears to be significant in protecting the host shrimp against pathogenic bacteria. In addition to the alternative use of antibiotics, the selected marine bacteria had additional bioremediation properties of reducing ammonia.
Identification of B‐cell epitopes on the betanodavirus capsid protein
Authors: Costa J Z , Adams A , Bron J E , Thompson K D , Starkey W G , Richards R H 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe pepscan procedure was used to identify betanodavirus B‐cell epitopes recognized by neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and serum samples obtained from sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, naturally infected with betanodavirus. Pepscan was performed with a panel of thirty‐four 12‐mer synthetic peptides that mimicked the entire betanodavirus capsid protein. Sea bass serum samples reacted strongly with three regions of the capsid protein comprising amino acid residues 1–32, 91–162 and 181–212. The latter region was also recognized by neutralizing MAbs and coincided with a region of high antigenic propensity identified by an antigen prediction algorithm. These data suggest that a region of the betanodavirus capsid protein spanning amino acid residues 181–212 may represent a neutralization domain that could potentially be used to inform the development of nodavirus vaccines and immunodiagnostic reagents.
Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome virus in wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Rodger H D 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn investigation was undertaken to establish aspects of the epizootiology of erythrocytic inclusion bodies in wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland. From 1992 to 1995, adult and juvenile salmon, from Scottish rivers, were screened for the presence of erythrocytic inclusion bodies and haematological parameters measured. The nature of the inclusion bodies was assessed through transmission electron microscopy, negative‐staining and blood smear‐staining techniques and was demonstrated to be viral in origin with characteristics similar to a member of the family Togaviridae. Specifically, these were a viral genome of single‐stranded RNA, spherical virion morphology with an icosahedral core, average size of 70 nm and a buoyant density of 1.15–1.20 g cm−3. The cytoplasmic inclusions were either large, single inclusions (1–2 μm) or smaller multiple inclusions (0.5–1 μm). A total of 4.2% (n = 48) and 27.7% (n = 213) of the parr and adult salmon, respectively, were positive for the presence of the inclusions. The intensity of the inclusions, when present, varied from light in parr to moderate and heavy in adults, when graded according to the number of inclusions per field of view. Neither haematological variations nor clinical disease was associated with the presence or absence of viral inclusions.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED The impact of a medium molecular weight, low molar substitution hydroxyethyl starch dissolved in a physiologically balanced electrolyte solution on blood coagulation and platelet function in vitro
Authors: Boldt J. , Mengistu A. , Seyfert U. T. , Vogt A. , Hellstern P. 
Published: June 2007

Background and Objectives  Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) may have the potential to impact negatively on haemostasis. Recent findings suggest that side‐effects on haemostasis stem not only from the physicochemical differences between HES, but also from the composition of the solvent. We compared the effects of a newly developed medium molecular weight (MW) and low molar substitution (MS) HES dissolved in a physiologically balanced electrolyte solution (MW 130, MS 0·42; B‐HES) with a commercially available non‐balanced HES (MW 130, MS 0·4; NB‐HES), and with Ringer's lactate (RL) solution in vitro.Materials and Methods  Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), factor VIII clotting activity (F VIII:C) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity were investigated in 48 healthy individuals. Platelet function as measured by turbidimetric platelet aggregometry and whole blood impedance aggregometry induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), and by ADP and TRAP‐induced expression of activated platelet fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa was determined in 24 participants. Haemodilution (25% and 50%, v/v for blood coagulation analyses and 20% and 40%, v/v for platelet function studies) was performed using the two HES preparations and RL.Results  APTT was significantly longer and F VIII and vWF significantly lower at 25% and 50% dilutions with NB‐HES compared to B‐HES and RL. At 20% and 40% dilutions, ADP and TRAP‐induced expression of activated platelet surface GP IIb/IIIa was significantly increased by B‐HES compared to NB‐HES and RL. Percentages of platelet GP IIb/IIIa expression were also significantly greater in samples diluted with B‐HES than in undiluted blood. Neither the diluent (B‐HES, NB‐HES and RL) nor the degree of dilution (undiluted, 20% and 40% dilution) had any significant influence on ADP, collagen or TRAP‐induced turbidimetric platelet aggregation or impedance platelet aggregation.Conclusions  In contrast to a non‐balanced 130 kDa, MS 0·4 HES (NB‐HES), a 130 kDa, MS 0·42 HES preparation dissolved in a physiologically balanced electrolyte solution (B‐HES) does not affect APTT, F VIII:C and vWF in vitro. Both types of HES do not affect platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or TRAP. B‐HES but not NB‐HES increases the expression of activated platelet GP IIb/IIIa induced by ADP or TRAP.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis‐like tinea faciei in an infant
Authors: Polat Muhterem , Artüz Ferda , Karaaslan Aydın , Öztaş Pınar , Lenk Nurdan , Allı Nuran 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe patient we present herein is a 6‐month‐old infant who had erythema and scaling on the central part of the face for 4 months. Both the abundant scaling and the localisation, but also the low age of this infant led to suspect seborrhoeic dermatitis. Direct microscopic examination of scales showed septate hyphae and the cultural examination was also positive for dermatophyte. The found species was Trichophyton mentagrophytes. We describe this patient to highlight the importance of considering tinea faciei in the differential diagnosis of all facial eruptions and the value of mycological examination.
Neuroprotective effect of nicotine on dopaminergic neurons by anti‐inflammatory action
Authors: Park Hyun Jung , Lee Phil Hyu , Ahn Young Whan , Choi Yun Jung , Lee Gwang , Lee Da‐Yong , Chung Eun S. , Jin Byung Kwan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpidemiological studies have reported that smoking is associated with a lower incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to theories that smoking in general and nicotine in particular might be neuroprotective. Recent studies suggested cholinergic anti‐inflammatory pathway‐regulating microglial activation through α7 nicotinic receptors. In the present study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐inducedin vitroandin vivoinflammation models to investigate whether nicotine has a protective effect on the dopaminergic system through an anti‐inflammatory mechanism. Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreased microglial activation with significant reduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α mRNA expression and TNF‐α release induced by LPS stimulation. In co‐cultures of microglia and mesencephalic neurons, nicotine pretreatment significantly decreased the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunopositive (TH‐ip) cells, approximately twice more than the LPS‐only treatment. α‐Bungarotoxin, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit‐selective blocker, considerably blocked the inhibitory effects of nicotine on microglial activation and TH‐ip neuronal loss. Chronic nicotine pretreatment in rats showed that TH‐ip neuronal loss induced by LPS stimulation in the substantia nigra was dramatically decreased, which was clearly accompanied by a reduction in the formation of TNF‐α. The present study demonstrated that nicotine has a neuroprotective effect on dopaminergic neurons via an anti‐inflammatory mechanism mediated by the modulation of microglial activation. Along with various neuroprotective effects of nicotine, the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of nicotine could have a major therapeutic implication in the preventive treatment of PD.
Individual differences in sequence learning and auditory pattern sensitivity as revealed with evoked potentials
Authors: Tubau Elisabet , Escera Carles , Carral Vanessa , Corral María‐José 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResearch on motor sequence acquisition has shown significant differences between learners. Learners who develop explicit knowledge respond faster than non‐explicit ones and they show larger amplitude in event‐related brain potentials to sequence deviants. There is evidence that memory span correlates with the amount of sequence learned, but the specific mechanisms subserving such differences are still unknown. Recently, it has been observed that performance of explicit learners, but not of non‐explicit ones, improves when presented with auditory action effects. Accordingly, differences between learners might be related to differences in auditory rhythm perception. To test this hypothesis, the mismatch negativity (MMN)‐evoked potential elicited to stimuli violating stimulus alternation (i.e. low pitch, high pitch) was recorded in explicit and non‐explicit sequence learners. Results confirmed our prediction: explicit learners showed larger amplitude of the MMN to the violation of the auditory rhythm, suggesting new theoretical implications to account for individual differences in sequential action control.
Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the pseudoxyrhophiine snake genusLiopholidophis(Reptilia, Colubridae): evolution of its exceptional sexual dimorphism and descriptions of new taxa
Authors: Glaw Frank , Nagy Zoltán T. , Franzen Michael , Vences Miguel 
Published: June 2007

The pseudoxyrhophiine snake genusLiopholidophisMocquard, 1904 is endemic to Madagascar and consists of two distinct species groups. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide sequences ofc. 2200 bp from two mitochondrial genes (16S rRNA, cytb) and one nuclear gene (c‐mos) to test the monophyly of the genusLiopholidophisand to investigate the relationships of the known species and an unidentifiedLiopholidophispopulation. Our phylogeny strongly supports the polyphyly of the genusLiopholidophis, confirms the monophyly of both species groups, and reveals that the unidentified population belongs to a new species. We therefore transfer the species of the formerL. stumpffigroup (L. epistibes,L. infrasignatus,L. lateralis,L. martae, andL. stumpffi) to a new genusBibilavagen. n. and describeLiopholidophis dimorphussp. n. from the rainforests of Montagne d’Ambre National Park in northern Madagascar. Finally, we compare our phylogeny with previous hypotheses and discuss the evolution of the extreme sexual dimorphism in tail length ofLiopholidophiss. str.
Dissecting obesogenic behaviours: the development and application of a test battery for targeting prescription for weight loss
Authors: Egger G. , Pearson S. , Pal S. , Swinburn B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThere are limited practical tools to help clinicians or public health workers manage obesity in their patients. We have previously developed a scanning technique for diagnosing environments leading to obesity (Analysis Grid for Environments/Elements Leading to Obesity). Here we describe the development of a tool for identifying behaviours in an individual most likely to lead to obesity. A questionnaire battery of five tests called the DAB‐Q (Diet, Activity and Behaviour Questionnaire) was developed, piloted and internally validated with overweight women from a commercial weight loss programme. Outcome from the tests, which are available free on the Internet, provides clinicians with a simple, effective and time‐saving tool for ranking foods, drinks and activities likely to be most effectively targeted for weight loss in an individual. This is based on total scores derived from measures of frequency, potential for change and potency of each item as a potential contributor to overweight.
EBERHARD BETHGE: INTERPRETER EXTRAORDINAIRE OF DIETRICH BONHOEFFER
Authors: De GRUCHY JOHN W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBethge was Dietrich Bonhoeffer's closest friend and confidant during the last ten years of Bonhoeffer's life. Bonhoeffer held him in high esteem, and he regarded no one better able to understand and clarify his thought. Anticipating his own death, Bonhoeffer designated Bethge to care for his legacy and write his biography, responsibilities Bethge later fulfilled with remarkable dedication and erudition. In the process he produced a significant number of interpretative essays, becoming internationally respected for his historical and theological scholarship, as well as his own engagement with church and social issues. Without Bethge, Bonhoeffer's legacy would not have become as well or as widely known as it did, or interpreted in the way that it has.
“DEPRIVE THEM OF THEIR PATHOS”: KARL BARTH AND THE NAZI REVOLUTION REVISITED
Authors: RASMUSSON ARNE 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe role of Karl Barth's theology during the church struggle after the Nazi revolution in 1933 has been endlessly debated. I argue, first, that there is more continuity between “1925”, “1933”, and “1938” than most commentators have granted and that Barth never promoted an apolitical option. Second, I maintain that his theological imagination was restrained by the practices and structures of German (and European) Protestantism and his own acceptance at this time of a Christendom order. The church that his theology presupposed did not really exist.
BETWEEN BARTH AND WITTGENSTEIN: ON THE AVAILABILITY OF HANS FREI’S LATER THEOLOGY
Authors: SPRINGS JASON A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper explores the “cultural‐linguistic” dimensions of Hans Frei's theology. I make the case that several of the pragmatic and sociological concerns usually identified as distinctive marks of Frei's later theology of the 1980s are, in fact, central to his work as far back as the early 1960s. Moreover, I demonstrate that such “cultural‐linguistic” insights present important continuous threads in the development of his theology from early to late. Attending to this dimension illuminates the trajectory of Frei's thinking as consistently Wittgensteinian in sensibility, and deeply indebted to his career‐long conversation with Karl Barth's theology. If successful, this reading should clarify the ways in which Frei's early work is more innovative, and his later work less derivative, than is often recognized.
Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Headache Attacks with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing
Authors: Cohen AS 
Published: June 2007

SUNCT (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with Conjunctival injection and Tearing) and SUNA (Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache attacks with cranial Autonomic symptoms) are rare primary headache syndromes, classified as Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias (TACs). Hypothalamic involvement in the TACs has been suggested by functional imaging data and clinically with deep brain stimulation. Fifty-two patients (43 SUNCT, 9 SUNA) were studied to determine the clinical phenotype of these conditions and response to medications. A functional imaging study explored activation of the posterior hypothalamus in attacks of SUNCT/SUNA. The clinical study characterised SUNCT and SUNA in terms of epidemiology, phenotype and clinical characteristics. Indomethacin is ineffective on single-blind testing. Intravenous lidocaine was effective in all cases. Open-label trails showed the effectiveness of lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin. On functional imaging there was hypothalamic activation bilaterally in 5/9 SUNCT patients, and contralaterally in two patients. Two SUNCT patients had ipsilateral negative activation. In SUNA the activation was bilaterally negative. There was no hypothalamic activation in a patient with SUNCT secondary to a brainstem lesion. The data suggests that there should be revised classification for SUNCT and SUNA, with an increased range of attack duration and frequency, cutaneous triggering of attacks, and a lack of refractory period. The concept of ‘attack load’ is introduced. The lack of response to indomethacin and the response to intravenous lidocaine, are useful in diagnostic and therapeutic terms, respectively. Preventive treatments include lamotrigine, gabapentin and topiramate. The role of hypothalamic involvement in SUNCT and SUNA as TACs is considered.
Autoimmunity as an aetiological factor in vitiligo
Authors: Rezaei N , Gavalas NG , Weetman AP , Kemp EH 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVitiligo is a common dermatological disorder characterized by the presence on the skin of depigmented macules resulting from the destruction of cutaneous melanocytes. Autoimmunity is an important hypothesis with regard to vitiligo aetiology and the evidence for autoimmune responses being involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder will be discussed in the present review. All immune system compartments, including innate and adaptive immunity have been implicated in vitiligo development. Particularly relevant are autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells in vitiligo patients that have cytotoxic effects upon pigment cells. Furthermore, predisposition to vitiligo appears to be associated with certain alleles of the major histocompatibility complex class II antigens as well as with other autoimmune‐susceptibility genes. Moreover, the association of vitiligo with autoimmune disorders, the animal models of the disease, and the positive response to immunosuppressive therapeutic agents emphasize the role of autoimmunity in the development of this disorder.
Does dye laser treatment with higher fluences in combination with cold air cooling improve the results of port‐wine stains?
Authors: Hammes S , Roos S , Raulin C , Ockenfels H‐M , Greve B 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and objective  The use of cold air cooling (CAC) and cryogen spray cooling during dye laser treatment of port‐wine stains (PWS) has become a standard in recent years. Still unsolved is the question of which fluences are necessary in combination with CAC in order to achieve an optimum clearance and the lowest possible rate of side‐effects.Study design  In a prospective study, we treated 11 patients with PWS with pulsed dye laser (Photogenica V®, Cynosure, λ = 585 nm, ιp = 0.5 ms, spot size = 7 mm). Each PWS was partitioned into three areas: (area 1) 6 J/cm2 without CAC, (area 2) 6 J/cm2 with CAC (level 4), (area 3) 9 J/cm2 with CAC (level 4).Results  Area 3 (mean, 59%) showed a slightly better clearance than area 1 (mean, 57%); in area 2, we observed a reduced clearance (mean, 45%). Compared with area 1, we achieved a reduction of pain through CAC in areas 2 and 3. The healing periods as well as the rate of side‐effects were comparable in all areas.Conclusion  We observed a slight but not statistically relevant increase in clearance with the use of higher fluences and CAC compared with lower fluences without CAC. Because pain is lowered significantly when using CAC, and because this makes the treatment more comfortable for the patients, we tend to recommend the use of higher fluences (9 J/cm2) with simultaneous CAC for treating PWS.