bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Requirement for the Polarisome and Formin Function in Ssk2p-Mediated Actin Recovery From Osmotic Stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Bettinger Blaine T , Clark Michael G , Amberg David C 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Osmotic stress induces activation of an adaptive mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in concert with disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton by a mechanism that is not understood. We have previously shown that the conserved actin-interacting MAP kinase kinase kinase Ssk2p/MEKK4, a member of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mediates recovery of the actin cytoskeleton following osmotic stress. In this study, we have employed in vitro kinase assays to show that Ssk2p kinase activity is activated for the actin recovery pathway via a noncanonical, Ssk1p-independent mechanism. Our work also shows that Ssk2p requires the polarisome proteins Bud6p and Pea2p to promote efficient, polarized actin reassembly but that this requirement can be bypassed by overexpression of Ssk2p. Formin (BNI1 or BNR1) and tropomyosin functions are also required for actin recovery but, unlike for Bud6p and Pea2p, these requirements cannot be bypassed by overexpression of Ssk2p. These results suggest that Ssk2p acts downstream of Bud6p and Pea2p and upstream of tropomyosin to drive actin recovery, possibly by upregulating the actin nucleation activity of the formins.
Suppressors of Spindle Checkpoint Defect (such) Mutants Identify New mdf-1/MAD1 Interactors in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Tarailo Maja , Kitagawa Risa , Rose Ann M 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) governs the timing of metaphase-to-anaphase transition and is essential for genome stability. The Caenorhabditis elegans mutant strain gk2 carries a deletion within the mdf-1/MAD1 gene that results in death of the homozygous strain after two or three generations. Here we describe 11 suppressors of the mdf-1(gk2) lethality, 10 identified in an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis screen and 1 isolated using the dog-1(gk10) (deletions of guanine-rich DNA) mutator strain. Using time-lapse imaging of early embryonic cells and germline mitotic division, we demonstrate that there are two classes of suppressors. Eight suppressors compensate for the loss of the checkpoint by delaying mitotic progression, which coincides with securin (IFY-1/Pds1) accumulation; three suppressors have normal IFY-1/Pds1 levels and normal anaphase onset. Furthermore, in the class of suppressors with delayed mitotic progression, we have identified four alleles of known suppressors emb-30/APC4 and fzy-1/CDC20, which are components of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). In addition, we have identified another APC/C component capable of bypassing the checkpoint requirement that has not previously been described in C. elegans. The such-1/APC5-like mutation, h1960, significantly delays anaphase onset both in germline and in early embryonic cells.
The Genetic Architecture of Reproductive Isolation in Louisiana Irises: Flowering Phenology
Authors: Martin Noland H , Bouck Amy C , Arnold Michael L 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDespite the potential importance of divergent reproductive phenologies as a barrier to gene flow, we know less about the genetics of this factor than we do about any other isolating barrier. Here, we report on the genetic architecture of divergent flowering phenologies that result in substantial reproductive isolation between the naturally hybridizing plant species Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis. I. fulva initiates and terminates flowering significantly earlier than I. brevicaulis. We examined line crosses of reciprocal F1 and backcross (BC1) hybrids and determined that flowering time was polygenic in nature. We further defined quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect the initiation of flowering in each of these species. QTL analyses were performed separately for two different growing seasons in the greenhouse, as well as in two field plots where experimental plants were placed into nature. For BCIF hybrids (BC1 toward I. fulva), 14 of 17 detected QTL caused flowering to occur later in the season when I. brevicaulis alleles were present, while the remaining 3 caused flowering to occur earlier. In BCIB hybrids (BC1 toward I. brevicaulis), 11 of 15 detected QTL caused flowering to occur earlier in the season when introgressed I. fulva alleles were present, while the remaining 4 caused flowering to occur later. These ratios are consistent with expectations of selection (as opposed to drift) promoting flowering divergence in the evolutionary history of these species. Furthermore, epistatic interactions among the QTL also reflected the same trends, with the majority of epistatic effects causing later flowering than expected in BCIF hybrids and earlier flowering in BCIB hybrids. Overlapping QTL that influenced flowering time across all four habitat/treatment types were not detected, indicating that increasing the sample size of genotyped plants would likely increase the number of significant QTL found in this study.
Environmental Effects on Gene Expression Phenotype Have Regional Biases in the Human Genome
Authors: Choi Jung Kyoon , Kim Sang Cheol 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Phenotypic discordance between monozygotic twins, such as a difference in disease susceptibility, implicates the role of the environment in determining phenotype. To assess genomewide environmental effects on “gene expression phenotype,” we employed a published microarray data set for twins. We found that variations in expression phenotypes between monozygotic twins have biases in their chromosomal locations. They also showed a strong inverse correlation with gene density. Genomic regions of low gene density were environmentally sensitive, containing genes involved in response to external signals, cell differentiation, and development, etc. Genetic factors were found to make no contribution to the observed regional biases, stressing the role of epigenetics. We propose that epigenetic modifications might occur more frequently in heterochromatic, gene-poor regions in response to environmental signals while gene-rich regions tend to remain in an active chromatin configuration for the constitutive expression of underlying genes.
Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green’s Function Analysis
Authors: Vallée Martin 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Empirical green’s function (egf) analysis has remained little used to image the rupture properties of the giant 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake. The 2 November 2002 foreshock (Mw 7.2), close to the mainshock epicenter, gives us the opportunity to use its waveforms to empirically simulate the Rayleigh-wave propagation of the Sumatra earthquake. We first show that the exceptional size of the Sumatra earthquake does not prevent use of the egf technique. Four aftershocks (Mw 5.9–6.1), distributed along the Sumatra–Andaman trench, are shown to have consistent Rayleigh waves for periods between 100 and 200 sec. At a lower frequency, we present two large earthquakes of the Mexican subduction zone (Mw 7.2– 7.3, close to the selected egf magnitude) for which long-period Green’s functions (100–2000 sec) remain very similar, even if event epicenters are separated by about 650 km. This justifies the possibility of using the 2002 foreshock as an egf for the whole rupture process of the Sumatra earthquake and shows more generally the very broad range of application of egf technique. Then, a specific analysis reveals that seismic moment magnitude is close to 9.1 (seismic moment equal to 5.6 × 1022 N m). Moment release analysis along the Sumatra–Andaman trench shows two main slip episodes: one next to the northern extremity of Sumatra (∼20-m slip) and the other one along the Nicobar Islands (∼10-m slip), with a global extent of 1150–1200 km. Rupture velocity varies between values around 2.5 km/sec in the first half of the rupture and values closer to 2 km/sec in the second half. Total duration imaged by Rayleigh waves is 580 sec (±20 sec) and no activity of the fault is found in the time scale between 600 and 2000 sec. In the hypothesis of even longer timescale slip, this phenomenon would be of the order of 10%–20% of the global moment and likely restricted to the Andaman Islands.
Ultralong Period Seismic Study of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and Implications for Regional Tectonics and the Subduction Process
Authors: Stein Seth , Okal Emile A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Analysis of the earth’s longest period normal modes shows that the December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake was much larger (Mw 9.3) than initially inferred from surface-wave data and involved slip on a much longer fault than initially inferred from body-wave data. The seismic moment and relative excitation of the normal modes indicate that the entire aftershock zone ruptured, consistent with the large tsunami amplitudes in Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India. An apparent increase in seismic moment with period results from interference between parts of the fault. The earthquake resulted from subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Burma microplate, a sliver plate between the Indian and Sunda plates. Hence, the rate and direction of convergence depends on the motion of the Burma plate, which is not well known. Convergence would be highly oblique if the rate of motion between Burma and Sunda is that inferred from spreading in the Andaman Sea, and less if a slower rate is inferred from the Sagaing fault. The December earthquake was much larger than expected from a previously proposed relation, based on the idea of seismic coupling, in which such earthquakes occur only when young lithosphere subducts rapidly. Moreover, a global reanalysis finds little support for this correlation. Hence, we suspect that much of the apparent differences between subduction zones, such as some trench segments but not others being prone to Mw &gt;8.5 events and hence oceanwide tsunamis, may reflect the short earthquake history sampled. This possibility is supported by the variability in rupture mode at individual trench segments.
The Energy Radiated by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake Estimated from 10-Minute P-Wave Windows
Authors: Choy George L. , Boatwright John 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The rupture process of the MW 9.1 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake lasted for approximately 500 sec, nearly twice as long as the teleseismic time windows between the P and PP arrival times generally used to compute radiated energy. In order to measure the P waves radiated by the entire earthquake, we analyze records that extend from the P-wave to the S-wave arrival times from stations at distances Δ &gt;60°. These 8- to 10-min windows contain the PP, PPP, and ScP arrivals, along with other multiply reflected phases. To gauge the effect of including these additional phases, we form the spectral ratio of the source spectrum estimated from extended windows (between TP and TS) to the source spectrum estimated from normal windows (between TP and TPP). The extended windows are analyzed as though they contained only the P-pP-sP wave group. We analyze four smaller earthquakes that occurred in the vicinity of the MW 9.1 mainshock, with similar depths and focal mechanisms. These smaller events range in magnitude from an MW 6.0 aftershock of 9 January 2005 to the MW 8.6 Nias earthquake that occurred to the south of the Sumatra– Andaman earthquake on 28 March 2005. We average the spectral ratios for these four events to obtain a frequency-dependent operator for the extended windows. We then correct the source spectrum estimated from the extended records of the 26 December 2004 mainshock to obtain a complete or corrected source spectrum for the entire rupture process (∼600 sec) of the great Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. Our estimate of the total seismic energy radiated by this earthquake is 1.4 × 1017 J. When we compare the corrected source spectrum for the entire earthquake to the source spectrum from the first ∼250 sec of the rupture process (obtained from normal teleseismic windows), we find that the mainshock radiated much more seismic energy in the first half of the rupture process than in the second half, especially over the period range from 3 sec to 40 sec.
Loading and Gravitational Effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami at Syowa Station, Antarctica
Authors: Nawa Kazunari , Suda Naoki , Satake Kenji , Fujii Yushiro , Sato Tadahiro , Doi Koichiro , Kanao Masaki , Shibuya Kazuo 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami reached Syowa Station, Antarctica, approximately 12.5 hr after the December Sumatra–Andaman earthquake. We have analyzed the tsunami signals recorded on ocean-bottom pressure gauges, broadband seismometers (sts-1), and a superconducting gravimeter (sg). We calculated the sea level variation, tilt, and gravity changes induced by the tsunami and compared these results to observations. From this comparison we confirmed the loading and gravity effects of the tsunamis on the sts-1 (horizontal components) and the sg records at Syowa Station. The magnitudes of these effects given as root mean square amplitudes are as follows: for the tilt effects obtained from 20-hr-long sts-1 records at frequencies in the range 0.3–0.6 mHz, 5 and 8 μGal (10−8 m/sec2) in the east–west and north–south directions, respectively; and for the gravity effect obtained from the sg records for the same time period of 20 hr at frequencies in the range 0.1–0.2 mHz, 0.2 μGal. By using detailed bathymetry around Syowa Station, the synthetic amplitudes similar to the observed were obtained, although the waveforms of synthetic and observation are not always consistent.
Analysis of an Annular Pressure Buildup Failure During Drill Ahead
Authors: Pattillo P. D. , Cocales B. W. , Morey S. C. 
Published: January 2007

Summary
While drilling ahead in salt on the Pompano A-31 (Gulf of Mexico) wellbore below the 16-in. shoe, the rotary stalled abruptly, and the drillpipe simultaneously became stuck. Subsequent calipers indicated the 16-in. casing to be deformed onto the drillpipe at approximately 250 ft.
To the authors' knowledge, this situation represents the first instance of an annular pressure buildup (APB) failure during drilling. APB is typically associated with extremes of temperature change resulting from production operations. In the current instance, the temperature change is solely from circulating drilling fluid.
This paper provides a detailed post-analysis of the 16-in. casing failure as follows:
An overview of the conventional casing design for this well, indicating that normal operating conditions should not have resulted in a failure. A review of the failure event, substantiated by field measurement and photographs. An investigation of APB, associated with inadvertently closing the 16-in. casing annulus at the surface, demonstrating the magnitude of the possible resulting thermally induced pressure load. Consideration of an alternate failure mode, column buckling, to demonstrate that this failure mode was not active in this wellbore. A finite-element model of the drillpipe/16-in. casing/20-in. casing trio indicating that, in addition to the collapse of the 16-in. casing and subsequent sticking of the drillstring, the outer 20-in. casing was also damaged by the event.
The latter item is particularly important because damage to outer strings can be easily overlooked if concentration is on the collapsed casing and drillpipe fish. A mechanical caliper confirms damage to the outer 20-in. string.
Conclusions in the paper center on confirmation of the postulated failure mode by field measurement and recommendations for avoiding such an event.
The Education of the Folk: Peasant Schools and Folklore Scholarship
Authors: Coe Cati 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe history of intellectual interaction in the 19th and early 20th centuries between scholars of vernacular culture and educational reformers remains a lacuna in the discipline of folklore. This examination of educational reforms brought on by the introduction and spread of schooling for peasant children raises issues of how folklorists should intervene and how to judge the complicated effects of those interventions.
Folklore in Schools and Multicultural Education: Toward Institutionalizing Noninstitutional Knowledge
Authors: Hamer Lynne 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAnalysis of published materials from the Folk Arts in Education/Folk Arts in Schools movement (FAIE) reveals common themes: valuing nonprofessional artistry, instilling local pride, challenging the dominance of elite and popular culture, acknowledging "indigenous teachers," and promoting collaborative action. After reviewing codified approaches to multicultural education, I suggest that explicating and building on parallels between FAIE and "critical emancipatory multiculturalism" will take FAIE work in promising directions while increasing its relevance for multicultural educators.
Theorizing the Hybrid
Authors: Kapchan Deborah A. , Strong Pauline Turner 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
"Theorizing the Hybrid" is a special issue of the Journal of American Folklore that critically engages the metaphor of hybridity as it is currently employed in the analysis of narratives and discourses, genres and identities, material forms and performances. Authors in the fields of folklore, cultural anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, literary history, ethnomusicology, and comparative literature reflect on the nature, value, limitations, and dangers of hybridity as both an analytic model and a social practice. Articles consider topics ranging from the premodern to the cybernetic, the biological to the political, the highly localized to the transnational.
TheSingasingaTable Lamp and the Toba Batak Art of Conflation
Authors: Causey Andrew 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe livelihoods of Toba Batak (Samosir Island, North Sumatra) wood-carvers depend on sales to Western tourists. Most carvers re-create historic forms, yet others make objects that combine aspects of ancestral and Western traditions. This article documents the story of the carver Partoho and his wife Ito as they attempted to understand tourists’ tastes and preferences, focusing in particular on one carving. Partoho’s lamp serves to focus an investigation of the theoretical use of hybrid in the context of transforming material culture. Conflation is suggested as an alternative to hybrid.
Israeli Mediterranean Music: Straddling Disputed Territories
Authors: Horowitz Amy 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Israeli Mediterranean music is a contemporary hybrid music genre created by Mizrahim—African and Asian Israeli Jews with roots in Islamic countries. Israeli Mediterranean music integrates the disparate musical styles that flourished in the new state. The music made its retail debut in cassette form amidst vegetables and household appliances in Tel Aviv’s outdoor marketplaces. Initially rejected by the Eurocentric Israeli music industry because its Arabic sound violated prevailing national and artistic categories, the music infiltrated the Israeli mainstream in the 1990s and helped to reset the boundaries of national identity. Using Israeli Mediterranean music and musicians as its focal point, this article examines hybridity as a deliberate artistic process through which Mizrahi musicians create musical products as well as institutions that can challenge their marginalization by the mainstream music industry and the wider Israeli society.
The Whole and the Sum of the Parts, or, How Cookie and the Cupcakes Told the Story of Apache History in San Carlos
Authors: Samuels David 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOn the San Carlos Apache Reservation in southeastern Arizona, popular music circulates as a means of constructing statements of indigenous Apache identity in the community. The sense of Apache identity depends at least as much on engagement with, and revoicing of, "dominant" cultural expressions as it does on the persistence of the traditional forms associated with cultural heritage. In this article I trace out some of the aesthetic tropes that recur in these contemporary expressions of identity, arguing that it is a sense of shared history, rather than one of shared culture, that informs identity in this community. I also argue that the theoretical productivity of the concept of hybridity, if anything, is its potential for guiding researchers to foreground the strategic creation of utterances rather than assuming the explanatory power of cultural provenance in a philological sense.
"The Unknown Variable Hidden Underground" and the Zionist Idea: Rhetoric of Place in an Israeli Kibbutz and Cultural Interpretation
Authors: Bar-Itzhak Haya 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article examines the rhetoric of place in an Israeli kibbutz. Members of this kibbutz identified the story of its settlement with what they called the "Sidriyot story" (the "Jujube story"). The aggregate of the stories collected in the kibbutz creates a narrative of the local culture in which the ethos of Zionist-socialist settlement in all its complexity is expounded. The analysis of the stories as told by the generation of the founders and the kibbutz-born generation uncovers the polyphonic life of the narrative and its "dialogic narration." In the narration the jujube becomes a key symbol that by its nature contains a whole slew of simultaneous meanings and ambiguities. It relates to the main values and problems of the society, such as the conquest of the soil and building of the settlement, uprooting and planting, Jews and Arabs, nature and culture, and more. In this way the stories exemplify the importance of local legends for cultural interpretation.
Shiva and Parvati: Public and Private Reflections of Stories in North India
Authors: Caughran Neema 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA vrat kathā is a ritual fast often performed by women in North India for the well-being of their husbands and families. In a community of low-caste potters near Banaras, a women wove her private concerns about her marriage into her public performance of required storytelling at the ritual. The mythical relationship of Shiva and Parvati served as a backdrop for real relationship issues: the discourse of power between men and women, adultery, parenting, and support. Using the rare public space that women create only on such ritual occasions, this storyteller made statements about her life that she would not be able to make in any other setting.
Going Far Away in Order to Better Understand the Familiar: Odyssey of a Jewish Folklorist into the Bobover Hasidic Community
Authors: Epstein Shifra 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article is about my journey into a community of close-knit and ultraconservative Hasidic Jews. It explores my reasons for studying the Bobover Hasidim, a community within my own Jewish tribe but with a very different culture from mine. The article also articulates how I gained access to the community and what impact the study of Hasidim has had on my life as a scholar and a Jewish woman.
A Tale of Two Carnivals: Esoteric and Exoteric Performance in the Fasnet of Elzach
Authors: Tokofsky Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe folkloric costumes and processions presented during the carnival celebration in the Black Forest town of Elzach have been much studied and honored by German folklore scholars and enthusiasts. Yet carnival in Elzach consists of much more than these folkloric displays. The festival also includes a series of original, text-based performances intended primarily for reception by local residents. The costumed folkloric events and the original performances form two distinct sets of enactments within the three-day celebration, each emerging in response to different historical developments and contemporary impulses. A close reading of the performed texts reveals their role in constructing local identity.