bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature and nitrogen effects on regulators and products of the flavonoid pathway: experimental and kinetic model studies
Authors: OLSEN KRISTINE M. , SLIMESTAD RUNE , LEA UNNI S. , BREDE CATO , LØVDAL TROND , RUOFF PETER , VERHEUL MICHEL , LILLO CATHRINE 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe flavonoid pathway is known to be up‐regulated by different environmental stress factors. Down‐regulation of the pathway is much less studied and is emphasized in the present work. Flavonoid accumulation was induced by exposing plants for 1 week to nitrogen depletion at 10 °C, giving high levels of anthocyanins and 3‐glucoside‐7‐rhamnosides, 3,7‐di‐rhamnosides and 3‐rutinoside‐7‐rhamnosides of kaempferol and quercetin. Flavonol accumulation as influenced by temperatures and nitrogen supply was not related to the glycosylation patterns but to the classification as quercetin and kaempferol. When nitrogen was re‐supplied, transcripts for main regulators of the pathway, PAP1/GL3 and PAP2/MYB12, fell to less than 1 and 0.1% of initial values, respectively, during 24 h in the 15–30 °C temperature range. Anthocyanins showed a half‐life of approximately 1 d, while the degradation of flavonols was much slower. Interestingly, the initial fluxes of anthocyanin and flavonol degradations were found to be temperature‐independent. A kinetic model for the flavonoid pathway was constructed. In order to get the observed concentration‐temperature profiles as well as the temperature compensation in the flavonoid degradation flux, the model predicts that the flavonoid pathway shows an increased temperature sensitivity at the end of the pathway, where the up‐regulation by PAP/GL3 has been found to be largest.
Heat‐induced electrical signals affect cytoplasmic and apoplastic pH as well as photosynthesis during propagation through the maize leaf
Authors: GRAMS THORSTEN E. E. , LAUTNER SILKE , FELLE HUBERT H. , MATYSSEK RAINER , FROMM JÖRG 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTCombining measurements of electric potential and pH with such of chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange showed heat stimulation to evoke an electrical signal (propagation speed: 3–5 mm s−1) that travelled through the leaf while reducing the net CO2 uptake rate and the photochemical quantum yield of both photosystems (PS). Two‐dimensional imaging analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal of PS II revealed that the yield reduction spread basipetally via the veins through the leaf at a speed of 1.6 ± 0.3 mm s−1 while the propagation speed in the intervein region was c. 50 times slower. Propagation of the signal through the veins was confirmed because PS I, which is present in the bundle sheath cells around the leaf vessels, was affected first. Hence, spreading of the signal along the veins represents a path with higher travelling speed than within the intervein region of the leaf lamina. Upon the electrical signal, cytoplasmic pH decreased transiently from 7.0 to 6.4, while apoplastic pH increased transiently from 4.5 to 5.2. Moreover, photochemical quantum yield of isolated chloroplasts was strongly affected by pH changes in the surrounding medium, indicating a putative direct influence of electrical signalling via changes of cytosolic pH on leaf photosynthesis.
Age‐Related Pregnancy Results and Further Examination of Bitches after Aglepristone Treatment of Pyometra
Authors: Jurka P , Max A , Hawryńska K , Snochowski M 
Published: November 2008

ContentsThe cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra complex is one of the most common uterine diseases in bitches. The appearance of pharmacological preparations containing anti‐progestagens created new possibilities for pyometra treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effect of the anti‐progestagen aglepristone treatment of pyometra in bitches of different ages. Twenty four bitches of different breeds, aged from 0.8 to 9.5 years (21–48 kg) exhibiting clinical pyometra symptoms (two groups – I ≤ 5 years, n = 14 and II >5 years, n = 10) were evaluated. Information about the general reproductive health was collected up to 54 months after anti‐progestagen treatment. Remission of clinical symptoms and return of blood chemistry results and total leucocyte count to referential values were achieved in all cases within 14 days of treatment. Bitches were naturally mated at the first, and when unsuccessful, the second oestrus after treatment. In group I, no recurrence of pyometra symptoms was observed during following cycle(s). Eight bitches (57.1%) had a full‐term pregnancy and the number of newborn pups ranged from 1 to 12. None of the bitches from the group II became pregnant. In conclusion, the basic indication for conservative pharmacological treatment of pyometra is preserving female fertility and obtaining offspring. The important conditions for successful aglepristone treatment are: the young age (up to 5 years) and the lack of detectible ovarian cysts. It seems necessary to mate bitches in the first or second oestrus after finishing treatment. The efficacy of treatment can be measured by the after‐treatment pregnancy rate.
Brenner tumor in pregnancy: Clinical approach and pathological findings
Authors: Gedikbasi Ali , Ulker Volkan , Aydin Ovgu , Akyol Alpaslan , Numanoglu Ceyhun , Ceylan Yavuz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Brenner tumor is an uncommon ovarian tumor in pregnancy with only three previous cases in the English published reports. A 35‐year‐old woman delivered abdominally because of distress symptoms and a Brenner tumor was resected incidentally. Histological examination revealed a tumor composed of epithelial nests and areas of stromal luteinization. The patient was treated conservatively. Brenner tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses during pregnancy. These tumors are mainly benign and show typical luteinization associated with the hormonal milieu in pregnancy.
CARCINOMA OF THE PENIS IN SIAM
Authors: Noble T. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary(1) The estimates of the frequency of cancer in the East are open to fallacy because of the lack of an adequate system of registration of deaths, but in the case of a particular disease, fairly reliable conclusions can be reached from hospital admissions.(2) Cancer of the penis formed 9.6 per cent. of the total admissions for cancer to the Siriraj Hospital during the four years under review.(3) Phimosis appears to play the chief rôle in the etiology of this disease. Siam, being a Buddhist country, circumcision is not performed as a rite in early life.(4) Syphilis comes second in importance as a causative factor.(5) The inguinal glands, although usually enlarged, are rarely the site of a secondary cancer.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE FORMATION AND THE PREVENTION OF CALCULI*
Authors: SNAPPER I. , BENDIEN W. M. , POLAK A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryUrine is a supersaturated solution of many substances. Large quantities of different substances, practically insoluble, are present in solution in the urine. This may partly be explained by the simultaneous presence of other so‐called hydrotropic substances which further the solubility of the insoluble salts. The hydrotropic action of urea, hippuric, salicylic and mandelic acid is discussed.Beside this hydrotropic action of the substances just mentioned, the presence of different colloids may also collaborate to the solution of the insoluble salts. Chondroitic sulphuric acid and nucleic acid may help specially to keep the insoluble salts in solution.However, for the calculogenesis the precipitation of colloids is more important than the precipitation of salts. In the formation and the growth of kidney stones flocculation of colloids is the primary process–which is only followed by secundary incrustation with salts.Therefore it must be possible to prevent calculogenesis by preventing precipitation of colloids. Different organic salts can be used for stabilising solutions of colloids. In vitro experiments show that the hippuric acid of the urine must belong to these colloid stabilising substances.Thus the hippuric acid of the urine might (a) Prevent formation of stone nuclei by stabilisation of the colloids; (b) Prevent secundary incrustation by its hydrotropic action. As a matter of fact, administration of sodium benzoate by mouth did (a) Prevent stone formation in rats on CaCO3 rich diet. (b) Stop phosphaturia in man. (c) Diminish renal colic in patients. Other more powerful stabilisers of the colloids of the urine (salicylates, mandelates) might be used for this purpose.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND RADICAL TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE*
Authors: KEYES EDWARD L. , FERGUSON RUSSELL S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary(1) Carcinoma of the prostate should be attacked as a curable disease.(2) No large proportion of cases will be controlled unless diagnosed by (aspiration) biopsy before diagnosis is possible by rectal touch, even with a sound in the urethra.(3) An operation is proposed which, with low operative mortality, promises to compare favourably with the total prostatectomy of Young.(4) Grave post‐operative radium burn is preventable by proper technic and such prevention is especially easy to assure in the early and curable cases.
A METHOD OF DEMONSTRATING THE POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL LYMPHATICS AND DYE ABSORPTION THEREBY
Authors: Wallace A. B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary(a)A method of denionstrating the lynipliatics of the posterior abdominal wall by dissection, maintaining the anatomical relationship has heen described.(b)A method of demonstrataing dye absorption from small areas without causing trauma has been described. The specimen was finally prepared as in (a).(c)These methods might be useful in genito‐urinary studies.
Chemotherapy for Carcinoma in situ of the Bladder
Authors: JENKINS B. J. , ENGLAND H. R. , FOWLER C. G. , TIPTAFT R. C. , BADENOCH D. F. , PARIS A. M. I. , OLIVER R. T. D. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In an 8‐year period, 71 patients were diagnosed as having carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Twenty patients with primary carcinoma in situ were treated with systemic cyclophosphamide or intravesical mitomycin C and 19 of them survived 3 years. Three patients required cystectomy: 1 for invasive cancer and 2 for intractable symptoms in the absence of tumour. Fifty‐one patients had either secondary or concomitant carcinoma in situ. Systemic or intravesical chemotherapy was given to 28 patients in whom carcinoma in situ was associated with G1 or G2 exophytic superficial tumour: there was only one cancer death in 3 years. Fifteen patients with G3 carcinoma in situ associated with a G3 or invasive exophytic tumour were treated with radiotherapy: 9 responded but 4 of the 6 with radio‐insensitive tumours died of cancer within 3 years. Eight patients with secondary carcinoma in situ were managed by transurethral resection alone: in 6 there was spontaneous regression and 2 developed muscle invasion within 1 year.These results compare well with those of immunotherapy or early radical surgery and suggest that chemotherpy should be given a trial in patients with carcinoma in situ.
Natural History of Pelviureteric Obstruction Detected by Prenatal Sonography
Authors: ARNOLD A. J. , RICKWOOD A. M. K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifty‐six infants with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis are reported. In all instances the diagnosis was confirmed postnatal and at renography 45 were obstructed; 38 obstructed kidneys (84%) and all of the non‐obstructed kidneys had a differential function exceeding 40% of total function.Latterly we have come to recommend early pyeloplasty only if differential function of a renographically obstructed kidney is less than 40%; 6 early pyeloplasties were performed for this reason; 28 infants (30 renal units) were managed non‐operatively and 18 of these (19 renal units) were reassessed renographically. In 11 the obstruction persists. Sonography demonstrated improving hydronephrosis in 8 kidneys with resolution in 5 and no change in 6. Of the other 10 infants (11 renal units), the hydronephrosis has improved in 4, resolved in 1 and remains unchanged in 6.Our experience suggests that neonatal and early pyeloplasty can be restricted to a modest number of infants in whom there is impaired renal function. In cases with normal function the natural history appears essentially benign and does not justify routine pyeloplasty.
Parameatal Urethral Cysts of the Glans Penis
Authors: KOGA S. , ARAKAKI Y. , MATSUOKA M. , OHYAMA C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Parameatal urethral cysts are uncommon in the male. We have seen 9 cases and have reviewed these and the 35 cases reported in Japan between 1919 and 1984.The cysts recurred after rupture or aspiration in 3 cases and complete excision is recommended.
Antegrade Ureterolitholapaxy in the Treatment of Obstructing or Incarcerated Proximal Ureteric Stones
Authors: ANSELMO G. , BASSI E. , FANDELLA A. , MERLO F. , FELICI E. , MACCATROZZO L. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and retrograde ureterorenoscopy (RU) have transformed the management of ureteric calculi. Nevertheless, patients with obstructing proximal ureteric calculi are not suitable for ESWL or RU.From January 1986 to September 1988, 17 patients with fixed upper ureteric stones underwent antegrade renoureteroscopy and percutaneous surgery. The technique was effective in removing incarcerated proximal ureteric calculi: all patients were stone‐free at follow‐up 3 months later.
Defective Interleukin‐1 Production of Monocytes in Patients with Bladder Cancer
Authors: IKEMOTO S. , KISHIMOTO T. , IIMORI H. , MORIKAWA Y. , HAYAHARA N. , MAEKAWA M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Patients with advanced malignant neoplasms have a variety of abnormal lymphocyte and monocyte functions. We examined the PHA (phytohaemagglutinin) blastogenic response of lymphocytes and interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) production of monocytes in 40 bladder cancer patients and 16 control subjects. The correlation between the 2 parameters was also studied. The PHA blastogenic response was measured by the incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into lymphocytes. IL‐1 production was assayed by the murine thymocyte 3H‐thymidine incorporation assay. As a result, the PHA blastogenic response and IL‐1 production were significantly lower in the high stage bladder cancer patients compared to the control subjects and low stage patients. However, there was no significant correlation between the 2 parameters.Furthermore, with the addition of indomethacin, IL‐1 production in the control subjects and low stage patients improved to the same degree, but it did not reach the control level in the high stage patients.
Prompt Orchiectomy Reduces Morbidty and Mortal from Testicular Carcinoma
Authors: WISHNOW K. I. , JOHNSON D. E. , PRESTON W. L. , TENNEY D. M. , BROWN B. W. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The records of 154 patients with non‐seminomatous germ cell testicular tumours were reviewed to determine the potential effect of prompt diagnosis and orchiectomy on morbidity and mortality from this disease. Orchiectomy was performed 30 days or less after the onset of testicular symptoms on 65 patients (Group 1) and more than 30 days after the onset of symptoms on 89 patients (Group 2). The initial clinical stages of Group 1 patients were: I, 40 (62%); II, 14 (22%); III, 5 (8%); marker only, 6 (9%). The initial clinical stages for Group 2 patients were: I, 25 (28%); II, 15 (17%); III, 35 (39%); market only, 14 (16%). The difference between the percentages of Group 1 and Group 2 patients with stage I disease was statistically significant, as was the difference between the percentages of Group 1 and Group 2 patients with stage III disease. One of the Group 1 patients died, whereas 11 of the Group 2 patients died. In 5 of the Group 2 patients who died, orchiectomy had been performed more than 120 days after the onset of testicular symptoms.This study suggests that orchiectomy performed promptly after the onset of testicular symptoms not only helps to reduce mortality from testicular cancer but also has a major effect on its morbidity by reducing the need for systemic chemotherapy or major surgery.
Urodynamic Studies in Children who Wet
Authors: MAYO M. E. , BURNS M. W. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The value of urodynamic evaluation was assessed in children with diurnal and/or nocturnal enuresis without overt obstruction or neuropathy. The hypothesis that children with bladder instability and dysfunctional voiding represent 2 separate populations was also examined. A simplified urodynamic method was used to evaluate 191 children and they were divided into 3 groups: 64 had normal bladders which were stable during filling and voiding was co‐ordinated and complete; 97 had unstable bladders but voiding was normal and co‐ordinated; 30 had dyssynergic voiding and an increased volume of residual urine. The urodynamic evaluations were helpful in distinguishing the large number of children with normal findings in whom the problem was motivational. The children with unstable bladders had a physiological abnormality due to delayed maturation and in these cases anticholinergic and musculotrophic agents were usually helpful. The dysfunctional voiders had serious behavioural problems, were difficult to treat, and often required a multidisciplinary approach.These data indicate that there are indeed 2 distinct groups: 1 with instability alone and 1 with dysfunctional voiding with or without instability. Although infection and/or reflux are common in the former, the more devastating urinary tract changes, particularly heavy trabeculation and elongation of the bladder, occur in the latter group.
The Changing Practice of Percutaneous Stone Surgery. Review of 1000 Cases 1981–1988
Authors: JONES D. J. , RUSSELL G. L. , KELLETT M. J. , WICKHAM J. E. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A review was carried out on 1000 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), Group 1 (500), 1981–1985, being compared with Group 2 (500), 1985–1988. Previous renal surgery had been performed in 17.4% of patients in Group 1 and 36% in Group 2. There were 17.2% complicated patients in Group 1 and 51% in Group 2. The stone burden included 30.2% multiple, partial staghorn and staghorn calculi in Group 1 and 47.2% in Group 2. The use of in situ stone disintegration increased from 22.2% in Group 1 to 73.4% in Group 2 and nephrostomy drainage was necessary in 29.6% compared with 75%. Post‐operative complications increased from 13.6 to 24%. Stone‐free rates decreased from 92 to 51%, but the addition of other methods of treatment and the inclusion of patients with stone fragments of 2 mm or less increased these figures to 98% in Group 1 and 83% in Group 2.More complicated patients with complex stones are now being referred for PCNL. These patients require multiple treatments, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and percutaneous surgery, in combination with other endoscopic and radiological procedures.
Acceleration of Flow Rate In Obstructive Detrusor Instability
Authors: CUCCHI A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The acceleration of flow rate (a&#x030c;) was calculated from spontaneous free flow uroflowmetry in 86 males with bladder outflow obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. Forty patients had stable bladders and 46 had detrusor instability. The parameter a was also determined in 30 controls.All of the obstructed patients had lower values of a&#x030c; than the controls but patients with detrusor instability tended to show a higher acceleration of flow rate than those with stable bladders. In individual cases, however, parameter a was unreliable in distinguishing stable from unstable patients.
Clinical Study of Prognostic Factors of Superficial Bladder Cancer Treated with Intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin
Authors: SHINKA T. , HIRANO A. , UEKADO Y. , OHKAWA T. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Intravesical instillation of Tokyo 172 strain Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) was performed in 96 patients with initial superficial bladder cancer (Ta andT1) after transurethral resection (TUR) of tumour as a prophylaxis against tumour recurrence. The recurrence rate of tumours was estimated by the person‐years method, comparing it with that of historical controls. There were statistically significant decreases in recurrent tumours following BCG therapy.To clarify the efficacy of intravesical BCG therapy, the prognostic significance of several factors was evaluated in patients with bladder cancer treated with TUR and instillation of BCG. The prophylactic effects were statistically better for those with multiple tumours, grade 3 lesions or Ta lesions than for control patients. No correlation between purified protein derivative (PPD) responsiveness and favourable results could be observed.Our results suggest that intravesical BCG instillation can alter the biological behaviour that affects the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer, especially for multiple, high grade or Ta tumours.
Osmotic and Metabolic Sequelae of Volumetric Overload in Relation to the TU R Syndrome
Authors: GHANEM A. N. , WARD J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In an attempt to understand the pathophysiology of the transurethral resection syndrome this prospective metabolic study was conducted on 100 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The volume of glycine absorbed, intravenous fluid given and blood loss were calculated, and serum osmolality, sodium and glycine were measured before, during and after operation. The mean volume of glycine absorbed, fluid gain and blood loss were 0.6, 1.57 and 0.356 litres respectively. The mean weight of prostate resected was 30.8 g and resection time was 56.5 min. The mean serum osmolality dropped from 291 to 286 mOsm/l, sodium dropped from 138 to 132 mmol/l and glycine concentration increased from 293 to 3599 /imo/// post‐operatively.Ten patients developed signs suggestive of the TURP syndrome. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most consistent statistically significant factors in relation to the syndrome were volumetric gain and hypo‐osmolality. The latter proved to be the only significant factor later postoperatively. The increase in serum glycine and drop in serum sodium concentrations were the best serological markers, reaching significance only after excluding volumetric gain and osmolality from the analysis.
Prostatic Cancer with Bone Metastases: Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) as a Predictor of Response and the Significance of the SAP “Flare”
Authors: MACKINTOSH J. , SIMES J. , RAGHAVAN D. , PEARSON B. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The predictive value of serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) for response to treatment (NPCP criteria) was retrospectively assessed in patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer. Fifty‐one patients had SAP measured at the start of treatment and at 1 and 2 months. In 31 of these, corresponding PAP levels were also available at each time point. SAP/PAP profiles at 2 months were classified as “increased” (increment 15% or greater), “decreased” (reduction greater than 15%) or “stable”, compared with baseline levels. An additional category, SAP “flare”, was also identified (SAP increment greater than 15% at 1 month, with subsequent fall at 2 months).There was a strong association between the SAP profile at 2 months and the response category, whereas the PAP profile at 2 months was more weakly associated. Using results from the 31 patients with both SAP and PAP profiles, the level of SAP was significantly better in predicting the category of response (SAP: sensitivity 94%, specificity 79%; PAP: sensitivity 53%, specificity 57%).An SAP “flare” was associated with response in 8 of 12 patients. An increase in SAP at 1 month is therefore a poor guide to progressive disease and should not be used in isolation to discontinue treatment early.The SAP profile is of value as an earlier predictor of response than X‐rays or bone scans and is more realiable than the PAP profile in monitoring patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases.