bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Syntheses of 1,3-Oxathiolan-5-one Derivatives
Authors: Satsumabayashi Sadayoshi , Irioka Shuichi , Kudo Hiroshi , Tsujimoto Kozo , Motoki Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The condensations of aldehydes with thioglycollic acid or α-mercaptopropionic acid were carried out; 2-substituted- or 2,4-disubstituted-1,3-oxathiolan-5-ones were thus obtained. The intermediate of the reaction was isolated only when phenylglyoxal and thioglycollic aicd were used.
The Trapping Efficiency for Electrons in Polar Glasses at 77°K
Authors: Sawai Takeshi , Shinozaki Yoshiharu , Meshitsuka Gisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The trapped electron yields in alcohols and methanol-water mixtures at 77°K as a function of the electron scavenger concentration have been measured. The reciprocal of the trapped electron yield increased linearly with the concentrations of phenol, acetone, and acrylamide. The relative trapping efficiency for electrons was found to increase with an increase in the dielectric constant of the matrix at room temperature. The relative travelling distance of electrons in these matrices was also estimated.
The Second CMC of an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. IV. Fluorescence Depolarization
Authors: Kubota Yukio , Kodama Michiko , Miura Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The depolarization of the fluorescence emitted from a dye solubilized in the micelle was measured over a wide concentration range of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The polarization of the fluorescence showed an abrupt increase at the 1st CMC and at about 70 mm of SDS; the latter agrees very closely with the 2nd CMC revealed by conductivity and viscosity measurements. This phenomenon implies that there is a certain change in the micelle structure at the 2nd CMC. The micellar size was calculated from the fluorescence depolarization data using Perrin’s equation. The results showed that: (1) the micellar volume below the 2nd CMC is in good agreement with that determined by light-scattering, (2) the micellar volume gradually increases with an increase in the concentration of SDS, and (3) the micellar volume increases abruptly at the 2nd CMC.
The Crystal Structure of d,l-1,1,4aα-Trimethyl-2α-hydroxy-8α-acetoxy-1,2,3,4,4α,5,6,7,8,9-decahydrophenanthrene
Authors: Furusaki Akio , Hamanaka Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conformation of d,l-1,1,4aα-trimethyl-2α-hydroxy-8α-acetoxy-1,2,3,4,4α,5,6,7,8,9-decahydrophenanthrene has been studied by means of X-ray methods. The crystals are triclinic, with two molecules in a unit cell with the dimensions of a=11.463, b=11.509, c=7.430 Å, α=84°42′, β=102°47′, and γ=115°40′. The space group is P\bar1. The intensity data were collected on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with CuKα radiation. The structure was solved by the symbolic-addition method, and was refined by the block-diagonal-matrix leastsquares method with anisotropic temperature factors for all the non-hydrogen atoms. From a difference Fourier map, all the 28 hydrogen atoms were also found. Further least-squares refinement including these hydrogen atoms reduced the R factor to 5.4%. In the present molecule, the cyclohexene ring has the normal half-chair conformation, and does not show the unusual behavior found in the p-bromobenzoate of 1,1,4aα-trimethyl-2α-hydroxy-8β-methoxy-1,2,3,4,4α,5,6,7,8,9-decahydrophenanthrene. The 8α-acetoxyl group, like the 8β-methoxyl group in the p-bromobenzoate, takes the axial orientation notwithstanding the inversion of the configuration. Such a conformation seems to be the preferred one for a cyclohexene ring which has a methoxyl or an acetoxyl group at the allylic position.
Studies of Ionic Association. I. Alkali Halide and Sodium Nitrate in the Butyl Alcohol-Water System
Authors: Yui Norio , Kurokawa Y\={o}ichi , Nakayama Masami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has previously been reported that the dissociation of alkali halide and sodium nitrate between butanol and water phases could be explained reasonably if they were dissociated into free ions in each phase. The present investigation was undertaken to see to what extent dissociation occurs in the butanol phase. Conductometric measurements were carried out on solutions of LiBr, NaBr, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and NaNO3 in the n-butanol–water system and on the solution of NaCl in the t-butyl alcohol–water system at 20°C or 25°C. These data were analyzed by using the Fuoss-Onsager equation for associated electrolytes, and the association constants were calculated to be as follows: NaBr 250, NaCl 600, KCl 610, RbCl 1850, NaNO3 180, and NaI 220 in the n-butanol–water (11 wt%) system at 25°C (except NaBr), and NaCl; 590, 160, and 75 for water wt% 30, 45, and 60 in the t-butyl alcohol–water system at 25°C, respectively. The association constants of NaCl in the t-butyl alcohol–water system were explained in terms of the simple electrostatic theory. The results were discussed briefly in comparison with conductance data reported in the literature.
Low-frequency Lattice Vibrations and Intermolecular Forces of the 9,10-Anthraquinone Crystal
Authors: Miyazaki Yoshio , Ito Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The low-frequency Raman active lattice vibrations of the 9,10-anthraquinone single crystal were measured at various temperatures from 26°C to −190°C, and the symmetry species of the observed Raman bands were determined by polarization measurements. From a comparison between the observed and calculated frequencies, it seems that Dashevsky’s potential expresses well the intermolecular potential of the 9,10-anthraquinone crystal. It was also found that the temperature dependence of lattice vibrations can be explained reasonably with this potential.
Effect of Matrix on the Formation of Solvent Radicals in the Radiolysis of Alkanes in the Solid State at 77 K
Authors: Fukaya Mitsuharu , Wakayama Terunobu , Miyazaki Tetsuo , Saitake Yoshiyuki , Kuri Zen-ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of the matrix on the radiolysis of 2,3-dimethylbutane, neopentane. 2,2-dimethylbutane, and isobutane in the solid state has been studied at 77 K by means of ESR spectroscopy. Though only the ·CH2CH-(CH3)CH(CH3)2 radical is formed by the γ-irradiation of 2,3-dimethylbutane in the I crystal, the CH3\overset·C(CH3)-CH(CH3)2 radical is formed by the γ-irradiation of 2,3-dimethylbutane in the II crystal. Though the t-C4H9 and neo-C5H11 radicals are formed by the γ-irradiation of pure neopentane, the formation of radicals is affected appreciably by the addition of a small amount of alkanes. When neopentane containing ethane, etc. is γ-irradiated, the solute radical is mainly formed by energy transfer form the γ-irradiated neopentane to the solute. Most of the solutes have a spherical molecular structure like that of neopentane or are smaller than neopentane. When neopentane containing 3-methylpentane, etc. is γ-irradiated, only the neopentyl radical is formed. The molecular structures of the solutes are very different from that of neopentane. The formation of the solvent radical in the radiolysis of 2,2-dimethylbutane is affected by the addition of 3-methylpentane or methylcyclphexane. The formation of the butyl radical in the radiolysis of isobutane is also changed drastically by addition of alkanes. It is concluded that the formation of solvent radicals in the radiolysis of solid alkane is appreciably affected by the conditions of the matrix.
The Proton Chemical Shift of n-Pentane
Authors: Ando Isao , Nishioka Atsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The temperature dependence of the proton chemical shift of n-pentane was calculated by the CNDO/2 method, taking into account the possible preferred conformations and the contributions from the diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and bond anisotropy terms. It was found that the bond anisotropy term contributes predominantly, while the diamagnetic term is not negligible, and that the paramagnetic term is negligible in comparison with these terms. The observed temperature dependence of the chemical shift can be reasonably explained by calculations using 570 cal/mol as the energy difference between the trans and gauche conformations, and also using 9.1×10−30 cm3 as the magnetic anisotropy of the C–C bond.
The Temperature Dependence of the Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance of 35Cl in KClO3, AgClO3, Ba(ClO3)2·H2O, and Cu(ClO3)2·6H2O
Authors: Suhara Masahiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) frequencies of 35Cl in KClO3, AgClO3, Ba(ClO3)2·H2O, and Cu(ClO3)2·6H2O have been measured as a function of the temperature in the range from 77 to 350 K at a constant (atmospheric) pressure. These data have then been analyzed by the method of Brown. The torsional frequencies of the ClO3− ion in the crystals have been determined by fitting the experimental data with the Bayer theory, modified by taking into account the anharmonicity in torsional oscillation. The low barrier height obtained in Cu salt indicates that a freer rotational motion of the chlorate ion is to be expected in this crystal.
The Photoreduction of 2-Nitronaphthalene in 2-Propanol
Authors: Obi Kinichi , Bottenheim Jan W , Tanaka Ikuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoreduction of 2-nitronaphthalene in 2-propanol has been studied at 313 nm. The photoreduction is suppressed in the presence of dissolved oxygen or a triplet quencher such as 1,3-cyclohexadiene. The results are consistent with the triplet state of 2-nitronaphthalene being the reactive species. 2-Naphthylhydroxylamine is formed as the reaction product. The quantum yield for the disappearance of 2-nitronaphthalene is estimated to be 0.037. The low quantum yield results from the slow reaction rate of hydrogen abstraction by the ππ* triplet state of 2-nitronaphthalene.
Emission Spectra of Aromatic Halides by Controlled Electron Impact
Authors: Ogawa Teiichiro , Tsuji Masaharu , Toyoda Minoru , Ishibashi Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and bromobenzene were excited at a very low pressure in the vapor phase by a controlled electron beam of 60–300 V. Their emission spectra were then measured and compared with those excited by the photon. Fluorobenzene showed a characteristic photoemission of the parent molecule in the 260–320 nm region. The band was assigned to the transition from the lowest excited state to the ground state, and its shape did not vary appreciably with the energy of the electron beam. Though the spectrum had some features of “resonance fluorescence,” the vibrational structure of the band was not identical with that of any of the spectra obtained by photon impact between 4.7–4.9 eV. This seems to indicate that the molecule gave different spectra according to the excitation energy. However, the excitation by 60 V electrons and that by 300 V electrons did not produce any remarkable difference in the spectra under the resolution of the spectrometer used. Other aromatic halides failed to show any characteristic band of the parent molecules; instead, they showed weak lines due to Cl+ or Br+ and pronounced bands due to HCl+ or HBr+. This result was ascribed to the spin-orbit coupling effect and the predissociation of the excited parent molecules.
The Electronic Structure of the Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex in Its Lowest Excited Singlet State. II
Authors: Masuhara Hiroshi , Tsujino Nobuyuki , Mataga Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic spectra of some 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene complexes in the lowest excited singlet state at 77 K were obtained by laser photolysis method. The observed spectra can be well reproduced with the superposition of the bands similar to those of acceptor anion as well as donor cation, independent of donors. Comparing the spectra with those of ionic radical salts, it is concluded that the electronic structure of these complexes is quite polar and the fluorescent state is a contact ion-pair. The electronic structures of excited electron donor-acceptor systems have been discussed, on the basis of the interaction between donor cation and acceptor anion. The chargetransfer degree in the excited complexes was found to increase in the following order; 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzenehexamethylbenzene complex in the phosphorescent state&lt;hydrocarbon-amine heteroexcimers&lt;the present complexes in the fluorescent state.
The Kinetics of Association-Dissociation Reaction in an Aqueous Solution of n-Butylamine by Means of Ultrasonic Absorption
Authors: Nishikawa Sadakatsu , Yasunaga Tatsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultrasonic absorptions of n-butylamine in aqueous solutions were measured at 25°C in the range of frequency from 15 to 220 MHz and of concentration from 0.698 to 3.00 M. The peak sound absorption was found. The mechanism of the observed peak sound absorption was attributed to the 4A\ightleftharpoonsA4 reaction where A and A4 are the monomer and tetramer of the solute respectively. The rate constants of the forward and backward reaction were determined to be 2.2×106 M−3 sec−1 and 9.0×107 sec−1 respectively, and the standard volume change between the initial and final state in the reaction was calculated to be 14 ml mol−1.
Dielectric Relaxation and Molecular Structure. IV. Dielectric Relaxation and Hydrogen Bonding in Chloroanilines
Authors: Vij J K , Srivastava K K 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Measurements of relative permittivity were carried out at 30.0 °C in p-dioxane at 1 MHz and at 9.48 GHz for ortho (A), meta (B), and para (C) chloroanilines. The results are interpreted in terms of hydrogen bonding between amino hydrogens and the oxygen atoms of the dioxane molecule, the dipole moments and dielectric relaxation time values being given. The relative behaviour of chloroanilines has been discussed. It seems that a finite probability of H–Cl bond formation exists between one of the amino hydrogens and the neighbouring chlorine atom in o-chloroaniline.
Study of the Poisoning Effect on Nickel and Nickel Boride Catalysts by Means of a Flow Microcalorimeter
Authors: Imanaka Toshinobu , Nitta Yuriko , Teranishi Shiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relation between the poisoning effect on nickel and nickel boride catalysts in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of styrene and the bond strength of inhibitors on the catalysts has been studied by means of liquid-phase chromatography using a thermal detector. The results show that the sequence of poisoning effect is in agreement with that of the adsorption heat of inhibitors, and that the adsorption heat of each inhibitor on nickel boride is smaller than that on nickel. Besides, this sequence is also in agreement with that of the bond strength of the central metal ion and the coordinated ligand of some manganese complexes in a homogeneous system. These facts indicate that the adsorption energy of inhibitors on a catalyst in a heterogeneous system corresponds to the bond strength of the ligand coordinated to metal complexes in a homogeneous system.
The Crystal Data of Ternary Rare Earth Borides, RCo2B2
Authors: Niihara Koichi , Shishido Toetu , Yajima Seishi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Compounds with the composition of RCo2B2 (R=La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Y) were prepared by arcmelting methods. Their crystal structure was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. These ternary rare earth borides crystallize in the tetragonal lattice. The lattice parameters are a=3.616±0.003 Å and c=10.215±0.005 Å for LaCo2B2 and a=3.561±0.002 Å and c=9.358±0.005 Å for YCo2B2. The good agreement between the X-ray diffraction intensities observed and those calculated shows that the ternary borides, LaCo2B2 and YCo2-B2, crystallize in the ThCr2Si2-type structure. The crystallographic data obtained for LaCo2B2 and YCo2B2 are as follows: space group 14/mmm(D4h17); 2R in 2(a), 4Co in 4(d), and 4B in 4(e) with z∼3⁄8. The boron atoms in this structure are situated at the center of a trigonal prism formed by four rare earth atoms and two cobalt atoms. We also found the RCo2B2 compounds to be isostructural with LaCo2B2 and YCo2B2, where R=Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy. However, efforts to prepare CeCo2B2 and ErCo2B2 by arc-melting were unsuccessful.
The Mechanism of the Lumiflavin-sensitized Photooxygenation of Tryptophan Accelerated by Adenine
Authors: Yoshimura Akio , Kato Shunji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that the lumiflavin-sensitized photooxygenation of tryptophan in a dilute aqueous solution is greatly accelerated by the addition of adenine. This effect of adenine on the photosensitized oxygenation is specific for flavin dyes, and the quantum yield increases with the oxygen concentration at very low oxygen concentrations, but decreases at higher oxygen concentrations. Therefore, singlet oxygen can be excluded from the intermediates of this oxidative reaction. The oxygen adduct of the dye is considered to be a possible intermediate for the photooxygenation of tryptophan accelerated by adenine.
Radiation Synthesis of Hydrogen Cyanide from Nitrogen–Ethylene System. Effect of Temperature, Gas Density, and Reactor Wall
Authors: Ikezoe Yasumasa , Sato Shoichi , Danno Akibumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of formation of hydrogen cyanide from the nitrogen–ethylene system by 60Co gamma rays was found to depend on irradiation temperature, gas density, gas composition, and the nature of the wall surface of the reaction vessel. Above 100 °C, the G(HCN) value increased with the rise of temperature. Below 100 °C , the G(HCN) value remained constant down to −196 °C. In the temperature range from 400 °C to −196 °C, it increased with reduction of nitrogen gas density. The largest G(HCN) value obtained was 2.0. In certain cases, the wall surface influenced the suppression of hydrogen cyanide formation. As an active species responsible for hydrogen cyanide formation, excited nitrogen molecules are proposed in addition to nitrogen atoms. Excited nitrogen molecules are decomposed to nitrogen atoms with small activation energy or deactivated by collision with other molecules. They play an important role in cyanide formation at low pressures and at high irradiation temperatures.
The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric Determination of Bismuth in Premixed Inert Gas(Entrained Air)-Hydrogen Flames
Authors: Nakahara Taketoshi , Munemori Makoto , Musha Sôichirô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of bismuth in aqueous solutions was established in premixed inert gas(entrained air)-hydrogen flames with a “multi-flame” burner in conjunction with a Nippon Jarrell-Ash Model AA-1 atomic absorption/flame emission spectrophotometer. Under the optimum operating conditions, a straight calibration graph was obtained at 223.1 nm in the concentration range of 0-10 ppm and the bismuth sensitivity for a 1% absorption was 0.1 ppm. The effects of acids and other elements on the bismuth atomic absorption were examined. Phosphoric acid caused a considerable depressing effect on the bismuth absorption. Hydrochloric acid remarkably depressed the bismuth absorption at acid concentrations lower than 0.5 n, but it gave no interference in acid concentrations higher than 0.5 n, in which water-insoluble bismuth oxychloride was quickly dissolved in hydrochloric acid. Hydrofluoric, nitric, perchloric, and sulfuric acids had no effect on the bismuth absorption. Most of the elements examined, with the exception of aluminum, boron, cerium, silicon, and zirconium, gave no interference to the bismuth absorption. The depressing interferences due to some elements were removed in appearance by adding a large amount (2000 ppm) of magnesium (as chloride). Furthermore, it was found that most of the depressing interferences could be eliminated by adding a large amount (0.1 M) of ammonium salts (as chloride or perchlorate) to the sample solutions. Bismuth in the presence of magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, or ammonium perchlorate could be determined without interference from various other elements. The atomic absorption spectrophotometric method was applied to the determination of bismuth in sulfide ores, aluminum-, tin-, and lead-base alloys with satisfactory results.
Determination of Titanium in Some Metallurgical Materials by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Nakahara Taketoshi , Munemori Makoto , Musha Sôichirô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of titanium was subject to interference by other elements in a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame with a Perkin-Elmer Model 303 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, fitted with a 5-cm long-path slot burner. The effects of various other elements, acids, and water-miscible organic solvents on the titanium atomic absorption were examined. Aluminum produced the greatest enhancement of the titanium absorption of all the elements examined. Both butyric acid (2.0 M) and diethylene glycol mono-butyl ether (20%) enhanced the titanium absorption by about 100% in aqueous solutions. In the presence of 5000 ppm aluminum or 20% diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, the interferences from other elements appeared to be completely removed. Furthermore, the extraction of titanium with cupferron into methyl isobutyl ketone was successful in effecting an increase in the sensitivity of titanium and in eliminating, or at least diminishing the interferences from other elements. The atomic absorption method was then applied to the determination of titanium in ferric oxides, nickel-chromium steel, nickel alloy, and steels with satisfactory results.
Formation of Zinc(II) Complexes with Several Carboxylic Acids and Their Extraction with Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Moriya Hiromitsu , Sekine Tatsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution of zinc(II) was determined between 0.1 M constant-ionic-strength media containing sodium perchlorate and/or carboxylate ions, A−, and carbon tetrachloride containing a neutral ligand, quinonline, Q, or the dimer of the same carboxylic acid, (HA)2. The distribution ratio was measured as a function of the concentration of carboxylate ions in the aqueous phase or of that of one of the above neutral ligands, in the organic phase. The extraction constant of the ZnA2 species in the caproic acid system was found to be KexA=[ZnA2]org/[Zn2+][A−]2=10−0.15, while that in the valeric or butyric acid system was too small to be determined. The distribution ratio of zinc(II) increased with an increase in the concentration of the ligand in the organic phase. These increases were explained by the formation of adducts in the organic phase; in the caproate system, the species found were ZnA2Q, and ZnA2Q2, (β1(org)=[ZnA2Q]org/[ZnA2]org[Q]org=101.92, β2(org)=[ZnA2Q2]org/[ZnA2]org[Q]org2=102.84) or ZnA2(HA)4 (β2(org)=[ZnA2(HA)4]org/[ZnA2]org[(HA)2]Org2=102.92). No polynuclear species was found in these organic phases when the initial zinc(II) concentration in the aqueous phase was less than 10−3 M.
The Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of Fumaronitrile Complexes of Palladium(0) and Platinum(0)
Authors: Suzuki Keinosuke , Okuda Hideshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Fumaronitrile complexes, M(FMN)(AsPh3)2 (M=Pd, Pt and FMN=fumaronitrile), have been prepared. Various chelating agents replaced AsPh3 in the complexes, giving M(FMN)L (L is a chelating agent containing N, P, or As as donor atoms). The chemical shift of the methine protons of these complexes increased in the order:
Pd–As&lt;Pd–P&lt;Pt–As&lt;Pt–P.
This is probably the increasing order of the π-back donation in these complexes. The UV spectra of the complexes are also described.