bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance and cross‐resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides and spinosad in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Mota‐Sanchez David , Hollingworth Robert M , Grafius Edward J , Moyer Dale D 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), has developed resistance to many insecticides used for its control, recently including imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid compound. Other neonicotinoids are now being deployed to control this pest. A key point in the strategies of resistance management is the monitoring of resistance and cross‐resistance. In the summer of 2003, imidacloprid‐resistant adult Colorado potato beetles collected from Long Island, New York, USA were bioassayed using topical applications of imidacloprid and nine other neonicotinoids. Compared to a standard susceptible strain, the Long Island beetles showed 309‐fold resistance to imidacloprid, and lower levels of cross‐resistance to all other neonicotinoids, despite these never having been used in the field, i.e., 59‐fold to dinotefuran, 33‐fold to clothianidin, 29‐fold to acetamiprid, 28‐fold to N‐methylimidacloprid, 25‐fold to thiacloprid, 15‐fold to thiamethoxam, 10‐fold to nitenpyram, but less than 2‐fold to nicotine. In injection bioassays, high resistance to imidacloprid was also found (116‐fold). Piperonyl butoxide partially suppressed resistance to imidacloprid, but the resistance level was still over 100‐fold, indicating that other mechanisms were primarily responsible for resistance. Low levels of resistance (8‐ to 10‐fold) were found to the nicotinic activator, spinosad, in an imidacloprid‐resistant strain collected from the same field in 2004. The cross‐resistance seen with all the neonicotinoids tested suggests that the rotation of imidacloprid with other neonicotinoids may not be an effective long‐term resistance management strategy. Rotation with spinosad also carries some risk, but it is unlikely that spinosad resistance in this case is mechanistically related to that for the neonicotinoids. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
SrWO4 at high pressures
Authors: Grzechnik A. , Crichton W. A. , Hanfland M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRoom‐temperature high‐pressure behaviour of SrWO4 scheelite (I41/a, Z = 4) has been studied to 20.7 GPa in a diamond anvil cell using synchrotron angle‐dispersive X‐ray powder diffraction. Above 10 GPa, it transforms to the fergusonite structure (I2/a, Z = 4). Both scheelite and fergusonite types are ordered superstructures of fluorite (Fm$ \bar 3 $m, Z = 4). There is no significant volume collapse at the scheelite‐fergusonite phase transition. However, the compression data including both phases of strontium tungstate cannot be fitted by a common Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. An onset of decomposition into component oxides occurs at about 15 GPa. The pressure‐induced transformations are irreversible. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic excitations in solids: Density functional and Green's function theory
Authors: Pulci O. , Marsili M. , Luppi E. , Hogan C. , Garbuio V. , Sottile F. , Magri R. , Del Sole R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTheoretical approaches for ab initio studies of the electronic and optical properties of matter are here reviewed. Examples within Density Functional Theory, Many‐Body perturbation Theory and Time Dependent Density Functional Theory are presented and discussed, pointing out advantages and drawbacks of the different schemes. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
IR spectroscopy of adsorbates on ultrathin metal films
Authors: Pucci Annemarie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMetal films with thickness in the nanometer range are optically transparent. With IR transmittance spectroscopy the in‐plane film conductivity with its correlation to the film‐growth process can be studied without electrical contacts and, on metal‐island films, adsorbate vibrations can be observed because of surface enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA). Their analysis enables insight into the adsorbate‐metal bonding and therefore gives information on the available adsorption sites and the crystalline facets correlated to. As in IR reflection absorption spectra dipole–dipole interaction of molecules on different sites modifies the vibration lines according to the degree of disorder (“atomic roughness”). Depending on that roughness IR spectra of adsorbate vibrations may be further modified because of their interaction with electronic excitations of the film. So, the limited facet size on cold‐condensed metal films leads to additional IR activity: Raman lines of certain centrosymmetric adsorbate molecules (C2H4) are observed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dielectric function and critical points of the band structure for AlGaN alloys
Authors: Buchheim C. , Goldhahn R. , Rakel M. , Cobet C. , Esser N. , Rossow U. , Fuhrmann D. , Hangleiter A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe ordinary complex dielectric function (DF) of AlxGa1–xN alloys with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.53 is determined by fitting spectroscopic ellipsometry data from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region (0.74 eV ≤ E ≤ 9.8 eV). The dispersion of the real part of the DF below the band gap is found to be in excellent agreement with previously published data. The obtained band gap energies are verified by photoluminescence and photoreflectance spectroscopy. In the high‐energy range, three critical points of the band structure are clearly resolved. By applying a third‐derivative based DF line shape analysis, the corresponding transition energies are determined. Their compositional dependences can be described on the basis of small bowing parameters. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Continuous‐flow δ18O measurements: new approach to standardization, high‐temperature thermodynamic and sulfate analysis
Authors: Boschetti Tiziano , Iacumin Paola 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe continuous‐flow method for the determination of the O‐isotope composition of solid samples has significant advantages over off‐line extraction methods, but the problem has arisen of the standardization of results that has only partially been resolved by the use of water standards. We propose a new approach to standardization that uses carbothermic reduction of calcium carbonate standards catalyzed by high‐purity AgCl. Analytical accuracy, precision, variance homogeneity and long‐term stability are proven. Preliminary data on the barium sulfate δ18O analyses are reported, with a closer look at the different results obtained by off‐line and on‐line methods on intercomparison standards NBS‐127 and MSS3. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do fundamental fears differentially contribute to pain‐related fear and pain catastrophizing? An evaluation of the sensitivity index
Authors: Vancleef Linda M.G. , Peters Madelon L. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Asmundson Gordon J.G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThree fundamental fears—anxiety sensitivity (AS), injury/illness sensitivity (IS) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) – have been proposed to underlie common fears and psychopathological conditions. In pain research, the relation between AS and (chronic) pain processes was the subject of several studies, whereas the possible role of IS has been ignored. The current research examines the role of IS with respect to various pain‐related variables in two studies. In the first study, 192 healthy college students completed the Sensitivity Index (SI; a composite measure assessing the three fundamental fears) and various pain‐related questionnaires. In a second study, 60 students out of the original sample took part in a pain induction procedure and completed the SI as well. We first examined the properties of the SI. Factor analysis on the SI replicated the proposed factor structure [Taylor S. The structure of fundamental fears, J Behav Ther Exp Psychiat 1993;24:289–99]. However, some items of the ASI did show problematic loadings and were therefore excluded in subsequent analyses. The main hypothesis of the current study states that IS is a stronger predictor than AS of pain catastrophizing and fear of pain as assessed by self‐report measures, and of pain tolerance and anticipatory fear of pain as assessed in a pain induction study. This hypothesis could be confirmed for all variables, except for pain tolerance, which was not predicted by any of the three fundamental fears. The current study can be considered as an impetus for devoting attention to IS in future pain research.
A double DNA approach for identifying Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Pisces, Centriscidae)
Authors: Karaiskou Nikoletta , Triantafyllidis Alexander , Margaroni Maritsa , Karatzas Dimitris , Triantaphyllidis Costas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDNA-based methodologies are increasingly used successfully to elucidate cases of misidentification of adult individuals of fish species with morphological similarities. However, the problem of misidentification can arise even earlier than adulthood, between congeneric and even distantly related species with similar morphology in the early developmental stages. Therefore, a double DNA approach was developed for Macrorhamphosus scolopax, to identify and discriminate it from European species of the genus Trachurus. These species overlap geographically and temporally and are characterized by morphologically similar eggs. The approach looks at both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA mtDNA gene was followed by restriction analysis with two species-specific enzymes: EcoRV and PmlI. Digestion with these endonucleases yielded species-specific electrophoretic profiles. Additionally, the nuclear multi-copy 5S rRNA gene was selected as an alternative candidate for identifying M. scolopax. The universality of the results was verified by screening a large number of fish from five geographical regions, covering most of the overlapping distribution of the species. The output is a double DNA methodology that can be used for egg identification and which could be of value in the egg production method of biomass assessment.
Stratigraphical and Palynological Appraisal of the Late Quaternary Mangrove Deposits of the West Coast of India
Authors: Kumaran K.P.N. , Nair K.M. , Shindikar Mahesh , Limaye Ruta B. , Padmalal D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe organic deposits derived from the mangrove swamps form reliable stratigraphic markers within the Late Quaternary sequence of Kerala–Konkan Basin. Three generations of such deposits have been identified. The older one is dated to around 43,000–40,00014C yr B.P., with a few dates beyond the range of radiocarbon. The younger ones date from the Middle Holocene to latest Pleistocene (10,760–454014C yr B.P.) and the Late Holocene (<400014C yr B.P.). Pollen analyses confirm that the deposits are mostly derived from the mangrove vegetation. Peat accumulation during the period 40,000–28,00014C yr B.P. can be correlated with the excess rainfall, 40–100% greater than modern values, of the Asian summer monsoon. The low occurrence of mangrove between 22,000 and 18,00014C yr B.P. can be attributed to the prevailing aridity and/or reduced precipitation associated worldwide with Last Glacial Maximum, because exposure surfaces and ferruginous layers are commonly found in intervals representing this period. The high rainfall of 11,000–400014C yr B.P. is found to be the most significant as the mangrove reached an optimum growth around 11,00014C yr B.P. but with periods of punctuated weaker monsoons. From the present and previous studies, it has been observed that after about 5000 or 400014C yr B.P., the monsoons became gradually reduced leading to drying up of many of the marginal marine mangrove ecosystems. A case study of Hadi profile provided an insight to the relevance of magnetic susceptibility (χ) to record the ecological shift in Late Holocene.
The Changing Availability of Grandparents as Carers and its Implications for Childcare Policy in the UK
Authors: GRAY ANNE 
Published: October 2005

This article addresses the role of grandparents as providers of childcare for their grandchildren, and the importance of this role in helping the mothers to enter the labour market. Several childcare surveys indicate that grandparents make a very important contribution, which appears to be sustained over time. Demographic modelling shows that the chances of young children having a maternal grandmother under 70 have risen since 1981, although she is now less likely to live nearby.New evidence from the UK Time Use Survey suggests that grandparents' help has an important influence on whether mothers of young children do take employment, especially those with lower earnings potential. This help also enables them to work longer hours and earn more. However, employed older women play a considerably smaller role in childcare for other households than those without jobs. Analysis of childcare trends from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) suggests that help from relatives, of whom the biggest category are known from several other sources to be grandparents, has become an important complement to part-time formal care as pre-school places expanded since the late 1990s. Raising employment rates amongst the over 50s is an established objective of government policy, yet it may conflict with the role of younger grandparents in childcare.
writing about music is writing first
Authors: christgau robert 
Published: October 2005

by focusing on brief examples from four writers – journalists anthony decurtis and lester bangs, academics sheila whiteley and susan mcclary – this piece is designed to inspire and/or shame readers into paying closer attention to how they use language when they describe or analyse music. an effort was made to keep the tone of the critiques informal and conversational, thus approximating the mood of
the kind of session the author has found effective in more than thirty years of editing at the village voice, and many years of teaching writing to ambitious undergraduates as well as a class full of journalism grad students. in such sessions, the intention is always to better enable the writer to say what he or she wants to say as convincingly as possible. if ideas are called into question, that is because the editor believes them to be overly familiar, inconsistent, or already discarded by the writer's audience. what is at issue is the writing, not the writer. this is not to deny, unfortunately, that sometimes hurt feelings ensue.it should be added that the references to magic initially addressed the conference theme ‘this magic moment’. given the essay's nuts-and-bolts attitude, however, they retain a more general relevance.
Fecal Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α and Calprotectin as Differential Diagnostic Markers for Severe Diarrhea of Small Infants
Authors: Kapel N , Roman C , Caldari D , Sieprath F , Canioni D , Khalfoun Y , Goulet O , Ruemmele F M 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTObjective:The etiology of early‐onset diarrhea of neonates and small infants that persists despite bowel rest is heterogeneous. Two different categories of disorders presenting with diarrhea in the first weeks of life can be distinguished: constitutive intestinal epithelial disorders (microvillus atrophy [MVA] or epithelial dysplasia [ED]) and immune‐inflammatory disorders, (autoimmune enteropathy [AIE] or inflammatory colitis [IC]). We aimed to evaluate in a prospective manner the use of fecal inflammatory markers in the differential diagnosis of severe persistent diarrhea.Material and Patients:Twenty‐five patients (17 males) were enrolled in this study (median age 8 months). Fourteen children had a constitutive enterocyte disorder (group 1: MVA = 8, ED = 6), and 11 patients had an immuno‐inflammatory disease (group 2: AIE = 5, IC = 6). Stool samples were collected at the time of diagnosis and stored at −80° until tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and calprotectin were measured by enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay.Results:No significant differences in age at onset of diarrhea or in stool volumes were observed between both groups. In group 1, fecal TNF‐α was undetectable/normal in 14 of 14 children, whereas group 2 showed dramatically elevated TNF‐α levels (mean 3,104, range 237‐18,078 pg/g) in 8 of 11 patients. Similarly, calprotectin levels were undetectable/normal in 14 of 14 patients in group 1 and highly raised in 11 of 11 patients in group 2 (median 1,145, range 375‐3,095 μg/g), P < 0.01. Under therapy, these inflammatory parameters normalized.Conclusions:Determination of fecal inflammatory markers is a simple method helping to distinguish constitutive from immuno‐inflammatory etiologies of severe persistent diarrhea. These data also suggest that constitutive enterocyte disorders are not accompanied by an inflammatory mucosal reaction.
Short‐Term Effect of Complementary Feeding Frequency on Total Ad Libitum Consumption in 6‐ to 10‐Month‐Old Breast Fed Indian Infants
Authors: Singh P K , Sachdev H P. S , Nagpal J , Bajaj M , Dubey A P 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate the short‐term effect of frequency of complementary feeding on total ad libitum consumption in breast fed infants.Methods:Twenty infants between 6 to 10 months of age were studied in a tertiary hospital in New Delhi for 48 hours. A traditional gruel made of rice and pulses (mean (SD) caloric density 54.22 (7.08) kcal/100 g) was offered in a randomized manner three (n = 10) or four (n = 10) times per day to the subjects over the first 24 hours with the subjects crossing over in the next 24 hours. They were allowed ad libitum breast feeding with no other food or fluid during the study period. Total caloric intake from breast milk and semisolids was computed for each day.Results:There was no difference in the total caloric consumption with a semisolid feeding frequency of three or four times per day. The frequency of breast feeding and the breast feeding duration were also comparable (P > 0.05). However, breast milk intake was lower with a semisolid feeding frequency of 4 times/day (mean difference −61.2 g/d [95% confidence interval (CI) −122.2‐0.32]; P = 0.051). The time required for feeding was higher (mean difference 14.75 min; P < 0.001), whereas the per meal intake of semisolids was lower with four semisolid feeds per day (mean difference −5.5 kcal/meal; [95% CI −10.19 to −0.81]; P = 0.024).Conclusion:In the short term, a change in semisolid feeding frequency from three to four times per day does not result in enhanced energy consumption because of lower breast milk intake.
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and relapse
Authors: Gaynon Paul S. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryAcute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Treatment has improved but relapsed ALL remains more common than new cases of many ‘common’ paediatric malignancies. We have salvage regimens with substantial complete remission (CR) rates and increasing access to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but most patients who relapse die. We need better therapies. Insights into pharmacology may guide more effective use of existing agents. Novel agents with activity against resistant lymphoblasts offer an appealing strategy. However, most candidate agents fail, despite enthusiastic investigators, intriguing mechanisms of action and ‘compelling’ preclinical data. A number of existing combinations provide a 40% complete response rate in second or third relapse. Yet survival in third remission is <10%. Novel agents must, most likely, be integrated into multiagent combinations that provide a higher CR rate or better quality CR's than our conventional combinations in order to contribute substantially to cure. The march from bench to bedside requires careful consideration of the intermediate steps.
Comparison of apoptosis and mortality measurements in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using multiple methods
Authors: Glisic‐Milosavljevic S. , Waukau J. , Jana S. , Jailwala P. , Rovensky J. , Ghosh S. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract. Death through apoptosis is the main process by which aged cells that have lost their function are eliminated. Apoptotic cells are usually detected microscopically by changes in their morphology. However, determination of early apoptotic events is important for in vitro (and ex vivo) studies. The main objective of the present study is to find the most sensitive method for apoptosis detection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by comparing six different methods following five different means of immunological stimulation at 3 and 5 days. Each of six apoptosis quantification methods, except the trypan blue exclusion test, is a combination of two stains, one for the specific detection of apoptotic cells and the other for the unspecific detection of dead cells. Values for apoptosis and mortality were compared with a reference method. The choice of apoptosis detection method is more important following 3 days of stimulation than after 5 days of stimulation (P = 2 × 10−6 versus P = 1 × 10−2). In contrast, we find mortality measurements following the different means of stimulation highly significant at both 3 and 5 days (F2.28 = 7.9, P = 1.4 × 10−6 at 3 days and F2.28 = 8.5, P = 4.5 × 10−7 at 5 days). Variation as a result of the combination of specific PBMC stimulation and the method used to detect apoptosis is reduced considerably with time (F1.58 + 3.7, P + 3 × 10−7 at 3 days to F = (1.58) = 0.97, P = 0.5 at 5 days). Based on Tukey's test, YO‐PRO‐1 is the most sensitive stain for apoptosis and, when combined with 7‐AAD, provides an accurate measure of apoptosis and mortality. In conclusion, we propose YO‐PRO‐1/7‐AAD as a new combination and low‐cost alternative for the sensitive detection of early apoptosis.
Macroprolactin does not contribute to elevated levels of prolactin in patients on renal replacement therapy
Authors: Yavuz Dilek , Topçu Güler , Özener Çetin , Akalın Sema , Sirikçi Önder 
Published: October 2005

SummaryObjective  Three molecular forms of PRL with molecular weights of 23, 50–60 and > 100 kDa have been defined. The high‐molecular‐weight forms are called macroprolactin. Different immunoassays produce varyingly elevated results with macroprolactin‐containing sera. The kidneys are reported to clear 25% of PRL from the circulation. Hyperprolactinaemia is seen in 20–75% of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). PRL clearance rate has been reported to be reduced in CRF and the resulting hyperprolactinaemia is due to reduced renal function.Patients  To determine the contribution of macroprolactinaemia to elevated PRL levels in CRF, 91 patients receiving haemodialysis (HD), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and renal transplantation (RT) therapies and 72 control subjects were included in the study.Measurements  Serum PRL levels were measured by a sandwich immunoassay with electrochemical detection. Following polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, recovery ratios were calculated and samples with a recovery of < 50% were identified as having macroprolactin isoforms.Results  The serum and supernatant PRL levels of CRF patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0·001). The serum PRL levels of HD and CAPD patients were significantly higher than those of the RT patients (P < 0·001). The serum PRL levels of the RT patients and the control group did not differ significantly (P > 0·05). A moderate correlation was found between PRL and creatinine levels (r = 0·609, P < 0·001).Conclusions  The hyperprolactinaemia seen in renal replacement therapy is not associated with the presence of macroprolactin isoforms but with the decline in renal function.