bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review: Chemotherapy, irradiation and their roles in the management of oesophageal cancer
Authors: BLAZEBY JANE M , ALDERSON DEREK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe role of multimodality therapy in the treatment of oesophageal cancer has been extensively investigated in many longitudinal studies and randomized trials. Despite some promising results, no clear beneficial evidence has consistently been produced. At present it cannot be routinely recommended outside the context of controlled clinical trials.
FORMIMINOGLUTAMIC ACID (FIGLU) EXCRETION TEST WITHOUT HISTIDINE LOADING AS A DIAGNOSTIC AID IN PAEDIATRIC HAEMATOLOGY
Authors: LOVRIC V. A. , KENRICK K. G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe FIGLU excretion without histidine loading has been used in the diagnosis of folic acid deficiency in children. The test requires only a random urine sample, and has been found to be reliable, the results having a better correlation than the usual microbiological assessment of serum folate activity.
BRACHMANN‐DE LANGE SYNDROME: A report of four cases
Authors: CHOO P. B. , BIANCHI G. N. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis uncommon syndrome is characterized by severe physical and mental retardation associated with a typical appearance.Four patients, considered to be examples of this syndrome, are described, and information from 5 autopsies in the literature, together with the autopsy findings in one of the authors' cases, provide a basis for discussion of the abnormalities in this syndrome.
CEREBRAL GIGANTISM IN CHILDHOOD A report of two further cases
Authors: TURNER ELIZABETH K. , SLOAN L. E. G. 
Published: March 2008

EDITORIAL SYNOPSISThe clinical histories and features are presented of 2 girls considered to be examples of the recently described syndrome of ‘cerebral gigantism’ in childhood. Both girls showed excessive growth, some features of acromegaly, mental retardation, epilepsy, and visual defects, none of which appeared to be progressive.
HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE, LENGTH AND PLACENTAL WEIGHT OF INFANTS IN AN AUSTRALIAN HOSPITAL POPULATION
Authors: KITCHEN W. H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe published standards for head circumference, length and placental weight of infants at various gestations are not necessarily applicable to Australian patients. The difficulties and errors in data collection are discussed. Charts of head circumference and length of infants between 26 and 44 weeks of gestation are given in the familiar percentile form and also a similar chart of placental weight from 24 to 44 weeks of gestational age.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL ETHNIC ORIGIN AND PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS ON BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: FITZGERALD D. , KITCHEN W. H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe Australian population now includes many recent immigrants from the Mediterranean region who are noticeably short in stature. The influence on birth weight of maternal racial origin and a number of associations and complications of pregnancy is analysed statistically. Infants born to recent arrivals from Greece and Italy are heavier than average if born between 30 and 40 weeks of gestation, but beyond this maturity they are smaller than average. The effects of complications of pregnancy on the birth weight are in agreement with accepted opinions.
NASAL COLUMNAR CELL EXFOLIATION IN THE ASTHMATIC; THE EFFECTS OF INFECTION AND ALLERGY*
Authors: GLASS R. D. , ARCHER PATRICIA D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA pilot study was undertaken to determine whether degenerative changes in exfoliated nasal columnar epithelium would provide a useful marker of respiratory infection. The method was considered to be of no value. An incidental finding was that columnar cell exfoliation occurred more frequently in certain allergic subjects.
STRANGULATED INGUINAL HERNIA IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD
Authors: CARTLEDGE J. McP. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn the course of 11 years, 2,015 children were operated upon for an inguinal hernia at the Alder Hey Children's Hospital. Of these, 140 (7%) were strangulated, and 33 (1.6%) were less than one month old.Reduction of the strangulated hernia by taxis was successful in 14 cases, unsuccessful in 6, and was not attempted in 13 because of signs of intestinal obstruction, or because the inguinal swelling was extremely tender. There was no relationship between length of history and the success or failure of taxis.Gangrene of the intestine requiring resection occurred in only one child, in another the related testicle was infarcted, and in 5 others the testis was engorged but viable.There were 2 deaths, neither of which was directly due to the hernia.
CONGENITAL RUBELLA IN A MOTHER AND SON
Authors: MENSER MARGARET A. , SLINN ROBYN F. , DODS L. , HERTZBERG R. , HARLEY J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe mother of a male infant with proven congenital rubella has bilateral cataracts and dermatoglyphic abnormalities. She has always been regarded as a victim of congenital rubella and no other cause for her cataract formation is identifiable. The mother has a high titre of rubella‐virus haemagglutination‐inhibition antibody and her infant had rubella viuria. The significance of these findings is discussed.
ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY IN ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS
Authors: PHELAN P. D. , WILLIAMS H. E. , STOCKS J. G. , FREEMAN MAVIS 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISNine patients who developed severe respiratory insufficiency as a consequence of acute viral bronchiolitis were artificially ventilated. Seven of the patients are now alive and well. One died because the procedure was undertaken as a last desperate measure when irreversible damage had occurred; the other died as a result of a blockage in a nasotracheal tube.
THE EFFECT OF PETROLEUM DISTILLATES ON LUNG SURFACTANT
Authors: KEEN T. E. B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe effect of 3 types of petroleum distillates on the pulmonary surfactant layer was examined by pressure volume studies on the rat lung. The results indicate that when small doses of each of the distillates are introduced into the trachea, they produce a marked change in the surface properties of the lining of the lung and that this is dependent on the dose. The inhalation of vapours and aerosols was ineffective, and relatively large intravenous doses of distillate were required to consistently produce changes in the lung. There was no evidence that distillate absorbed from the gut could cause any alteration in pulmonary stability. The effects of these 3 substances on the lung were similar and in each case the lung recovered its normal surface properties within 48 hours despite the presence of discrete macroscopic areas of damage in the lung.The findings suggest that the initial acute symptoms and signs are the result of damage to the pulmonary surfactant layer and aspiration is the only important cause of this type of pulmonary damage.
CREATION OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS BY THE BALLOON CATHETER TECHNIQUE IN INFANTS WITH COMPLETE TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT VESSELS*
Authors: VENABLES A. W. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe use of a balloon catheter to create an atrial septal defect, devised by Rashkind (1966), provides at least temporary palliation in infants with complete transposition. The results of 12 completed procedures are compared with experience of surgery in the same unit. The main problem was atrial perforation which occurred 3 times in the 14 occasions in which the balloon catheter was introduced into the heart. Despite this the procedure offers the opportunity to increase the salvage of hypoxic infants with complete transposition of the great vessels.
RECURRENT PAROTITIS AND SIALECTASIS
Authors: JONES P. G. , HILLER H. G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA review of a group of 35 children with proven sialectasis has shown that a conservative approach is justified, for the prognosis is on the whole good. Sialography per se leads to improvement in a number of patients, and in the remainder spontaneous improvement can also be expected. In 25% of cases of sialectasis, the gland returned to normal.
SOME FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF URINARY INFECTION
Authors: COOPER R. G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISColony counting is an integral part of the diagnosis of urinary infection and several factors may influence the colony count. A study of the relative influence of laboratory error, delay in culture, and the care taken in collection of the specimen, suggested that the most important determinant of an accurate colony count was the care with which the specimen was collected.
PILOMATRIXOMA: A not uncommon Hamartoma of Infancy and Childhood
Authors: JONES P. G. , CAMPBELL P. E. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISWith few exceptions, accounts of this symptomless subcutaneous lesion have been concerned with the unique histological features and its occurrence in adults. This report of 37 pilomatrixomas in 35 children draws attention to the incidence in the paediatric age group and to the clinical features which are so constant and characteristic that the correct diagnosis can, in almost all cases, be made before excision.
ACUTE PYRIDIUM POISONING
Authors: SOUTTER G. B. , HARLEY J. D. , WALKER‐SMITH J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA 2 year old female infant was admitted with a short history of vomiting yellow‐brown material and passing yellow urine. Acute poisoning with Pyridium was suspected on clinical grounds and later demonstrated chemically. She developed methaemoglobinaemia which responded well to methylene blue intravenously and saline enemata. She also had evidence of haemolysis and transient renal toxicity, but she made a complete recovery.
STUDIES OF RESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN INFANTS WITH RECURRENT ASTHMATIC BRONCHITIS
Authors: PHELAN P. D. , WILLIAMS H. E. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISRespiratory function studies were performed on a number of occasions on 11 infants with recurrent asthmatic bronchitis. The results demonstrated that the major abnormality was an increase in pulmonary resistance. Orciprenaline was shown to have no consistent effect on the increased pulmonary resistance.
DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT HEART HYPOPLASIA*
Authors: MAXWELL G. M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe condition known as the syndrome of ‘left‐heart hypoplasia’ is a common and lethal form of congenital heart disease with an early onset of symptoms, principally cyanotic attacks, dyspnoea, a ‘shock‐like’ state and congestive cardiac failure. There is a high incidence of hypothermia and of aberrations in blood pressure in the series of infants described.
FOETAL TRANSFUSION AND NEONATAL DIALYSIS
Authors: LEWIS C. J. , STEVENS L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISKnowledge of the place and the hazards of intra‐uterine transfusion in the severely erythroblastotic foetus, and of the management after delivery, is steadily growing. This procedure was undertaken in an infant who was subsequently delivered at 34 weeks' gestation by emergency Caesarean section following the development of foetal distress. Respiratory distress developed soon after birth and he remained anuric during the 12 days that he survived. An exchange transfusion to ‘wash out’ maternal antibody, and a peritoneal dialysis to combat severe hyperkalaemia were undertaken at the age of 3 hours and 4 days respectively. At post‐mortem, the kidneys were found to be nonviable. The early post‐natal events were monitored by observations of the electrolytes and the acid‐base balance; the fluids used in dialysis and the dialysates were also analysed. These observations are reported and their implications are discussed.
CONGENITAL LOBAR EMPHYSEMA ETIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: CAMPBELL P. E. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe cartilage in the bronchi of 12 cases of congenital lobar emphysema has been examined using 3 techniques: a) microdissection, b) serial macroscopic slices and c) serial histological sections. The first technique is considered to be the best for it enables the cartilage content of the entire bronchial tree to be clearly seen, and focal or generalised deficiencies can be identified. In all 12 cases the amount of cartilage in the bronchi was significantly less than in normal controls and it is postulated that this deficiency is the fundamental abnormality in congenital lobar emphysema.
DIAZOXIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF GLYCOGENOSIS DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF DEBRANCHER ENZYME*
Authors: Yu J. S. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISDiazoxide was used to correct severe hypoglycaemia in an 18 month old infant with probable debrancher enzyme deficiency. No significant complications were noted after an 8 month course of treatment and there were no changes in liver function tests. The modes of action of diazoxide are discussed.
EPILEPSY PRECIPITATED BY BATHING: WATER‐IMMERSION EPILEPSY
Authors: KEIPERT J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAn infant presented at the age of 5 months with a recent onset of epileptic seizures, each precipitated by partial immersion in water during bathing. Sensory precipitation epilepsy due to water immersion is a rare disorder, and only 2 previous case reports have been found. The case history is presented and the condition discussed.
LEUCOCYTE DEATH IN GENERALIZED VIRUS INFECTION*
Authors: SMITH H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe blood of a neonate with generalized virus infection, most likely due to herpesvirus hominis, contained dead leucocytes in large numbers. Virus within leucocytes was demonstrated by electron microscopy. The febrile and phagocytic responses to the presence of the dead leucocytes were poor. The possible significance of the findings is discussed.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME IN A THREE MONTH OLD GIRL
Authors: DREHER G. H. , WILLIAMS S. W. , HOWARD R. N. , CAMPBELL P. E. , DAVIES H. E. , McCARTHY N. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis paper describes the rare occurrence of Cushing's syndrome in a female infant aged eleven weeks. An adrenal adenoma was found to be the cause, and its removal was followed by a return to a normal appearance.This patient is the first with this condition seen in this age group at the Royal Children's Hospital since 1948. The Hospital's experience with adrenal tumours since that time is also presented, together with a review of the recent literature.
ACCIDENTAL SALT POISONING IN A HOSPITAL NURSERY*
Authors: GAUTHIER B. , FREEMAN R. , BEVERIDGE J. 
Published: March 2008

In a suburban hospital in Sydney, salt was accidentally used instead of sugar in the preparation of feeds intended for a number of babies. Five babies were involved in the ensuing epidemic of hypernatraemia; 4 died and one, less severely affected, made a complete recovery. Three of the babies who died were of low birth weight and they presented with symptoms different from those previously described, in that they had diarrhoea, manifested no thirst, and had neither muscular twitchings nor convulsions. Overlapping of the sutures was striking in all cases.Ingestion of an excessive quantity of salt causes hypertonicity of the extracellular fluid which largely explains the disorders involved in hypernatraemia.It is suggested that salt should not be stored in an area where infants' formulae are prepared.
THE CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THE ‘INFANTILE’ LARYNX: NATURAL HISTORY AND RELATIONSHIP TO MENTAL RETARDATION
Authors: PHELAN P. D. , GILLAM G. L. , STOCKS J. G. , WILLIAMS H. E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY51 infants with stridor due to an infantile larynx are reviewed. 4 were mentally retarded in varying degrees and in 3 of them there was an obvious cause for this, unrelated to the infantile larynx. The prognosis of the condition would appear to be good, both for physical and for mental development. The stridor usually disappeared by 2 years of age. Respiratory function studies demonstrated a marked increase in inspiratory resistance.
HYPSARRHYTHMIA DEVELOPING IN HOSPITAL: RECOVERY WITH EARLY TREATMENT
Authors: OATES R. K. , STAPLETON THOMAS 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA child admitted to hospital with a fractured skull had a normal EEG. While in hospital, he developed the clinical and electroencephalographic features of hypsarrhythmia. Treatment with corticotrophin controlled the seizures, the EEG reverted to normal, and the child's subsequent mental and motor development has been satisfactory.
PROBLEMS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HEPATOBLASTOMA 1
Authors: MACMAHON R. A. , LAMBERT T. F. , BEVAN MARY 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISHepatoblastomas have no specific symptoms and present with hepatomegaly. The only hope of cure is complete surgical resection of the tumour and this may not be possible by the time of diagnosis. 3 cases are presented to illustrate the problems of diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Early diagnosis will only be possible by examination of the abdomen of every infant, seen by a doctor, no matter what the problem, and improvement in the cure rates will only be possible by a radical surgical approach to the treatment of this tumour.
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA CONGENITA
Authors: TAN K. L. , TOCK E. P. C. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisOsteogenesis imperfecta congenita is a very rare condition. Among 184,311 deliveries over a 5 year period (1965–1969) there were encountered only 3 cases which demonstrated varying degrees of severity of the condition.The incidence, pathological and genetic bases, diagnosis and management of osteogenesis imperfecta congenita are discussed.
THE CLINICAL GROWTH OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS1
Authors: MENAHEM S. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA study was undertaken of the relationship of the haemodynamic disturbance of ventricular septal defects to the growth of affected subjects. Stunting was observed, particularly with respect to weight, and occurred mainly but not exclusively in subjects with a large defect. Some subjects already exhibited stunting at birth with evidence of intrauterine growth retardation. By 3 to 12 months of age, the differences in growth between the subjects became marked. There was some improvement subsequently, related in part to improvement in the haemodynamic disturbance.The pertinent literature is reviewed and the possible mechanisms of the multiple factors involved in the growth retardation are discussed.
NEONATAL HOMEOSTASIS: THE ROLE OF DIETARY COMPOSITION, GROWTH AND RENAL REGULATION
Authors: STEVENS L. H. , SAVAGE D. C. L. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe relative importance of growth, composition of the diet, and renal function in maintaining internal stability during the first 2 critical weeks when the newborn baby is endeavouring to adapt to his new environment has been investigated. The technique used was serial daily metabolic balance studies in normal premature babies, in oedematous premature babies, oedematous premature babies with respiratory distress, dysmature babies, infants of diabetic mothers, and full term infants fed pooled human milk.
CORD SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS IN ‘SMALL‐FOR‐DATES’BABIES*
Authors: JONES W. R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIgG, IgM and IgA levels were determined in the cord serum of 23 babies who were both ‘small‐for‐dates’and clinically dysmature. The results confirm that there are abnormalities of humoral immunity in a small proportion of these babies.
SCREENING OF IMMUNOLOGICAL COMPETENCE IN CHILDREN
Authors: STERN L. M. , FORBES I. J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISExperience of a comprehensive screening of 72 children for immunological function is presented. Cellular immunity was assessed by testing for delayed hypersensitivity to Candida, Streptococcus and mumps, as well as in vitro testing of lymphocyte transformation in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin. Humoral function was assessed by measuring immuno‐globulin levels and titres before and after immunisation with tetanus toxoid and Salmonella typhi monovalent vaccine. The routine presented is safe and convenient; results are available within 3 weeks.
THE EFFECT OF COELIAC DISEASE ON THE MOTHER‐CHILD RELATIONSHIP
Authors: GARDINER A. , PORTEOUS N. , WALKER‐SMITH J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe mother‐child relationship was studied in 28 children with coeliac disease. It was found that there was a high incidence of emotional symptoms in these children, namely withdrawal, irritability and ‘clingingness.’Accompanying these symptoms in the children there was a significant disturbance of the mother‐child relationship, with maternal anxiety, maternal depression and maternal preoccupation. These symptoms in the mother and child disappeared or greatly improved once the child had responded to a gluten‐free diet, except when the mother was already emotionally disturbed before the onset of the child's illness.
CEBOCEPHALY: A REPORT OF FIVE POST‐MORTEM CASES AND A REVIEW OF LITERATURE1
Authors: FATT CHAN YING 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThere appears to be a high incidence in Singapore of this rare congenital anomaly. Although the population consists of Malays, Chinese, Indians, Europeans and others, all 5 cases reported were offspring of Chinese. The aetiology is unknown and the condition is only of theoretical interest as there is no method of management or treatment. Most cases die early.
BLOOD LEVELS OF HEXACHLOROPHENE IN NEONATES
Authors: ABBOTT L. M. , BUCKFIELD P. M. , FERRY D. G. , MALCOLM D. S. , McQUEEN E. G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISBlood levels of hexachlorophene have been estimated in newborn infants treated with hexachlorophene for prophylaxis of staphylococcal colonisation. Blood levels after repeated application seemed sufficient to cause some concern and a modified regime of application on the first day of life has been substituted. Even on this regime, blood levels in a small premature infant gave rise to some concern.
RENAL DISEASE AND GOITRE: A NEW SYNDROME OF PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: COOKE R. A. , CHAMPNESS L. T. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSIS8 children suffering from renal disease and goitre, both due to primary amyloidosis, are reported as a readily recognisable syndrome in Papua‐New Guinea and are presented as a syndrome which does not appear to have been previously recognised anywhere else in the world.
THE PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF ENCOPRESIS
Authors: CONNELL HELEN M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe encopretic child is an unpopular but not uncommon patient. By the time he is referred for psychiatric help, his soiling has usually become a complex issue of psychological and physiological disturbance in which parental attitudes play an important part. The aetiology of the condition is discussed in some detail and the practical plan of management described has proved successful in a small number of “hard core” cases. Since this does not involve complex psychotherapeutic techniques, it is suggested that it could be carried out in any paediatric hospital setting, thus avoiding the long waiting list so often associated with psychiatric referral.
TRIAL OF GAVISCON IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRO‐OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX OF INFANCY
Authors: WELDON A. P. , ROBINSON M. J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA group of 18 infants with uncomplicated gastro‐oesophageal reflux has been managed using a new proprietary preparation— Gaviscon.® All of the infants had a good symptomatic response to the treatment.
LATE PRESENTATION OF STRICTURE OF THE AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS
Authors: LEWIS ELIZABETH 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSIS8 children with insidious onset of manifestations of stricture of the Aqueduct of Sylvius in later childhood are reported. These children present with raised intracranial pressure, without lateralising signs, thus mimicking tumours, and the radiological features are those of raised intracranial pressure.Stricture of the Aqueduct is one of the commoner causes of this “midline syndrome”, and compared with the other causes, its treatment is simple and the prognosis good.