bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Language and Emotion Regulation Skills to Reticence in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Fujiki Martin , Spackman Matthew P. , Brinton Bonnie , Hall Andrea 
Published: April 2006

This study examined the relationship between emotion regulation, language ability, and reticent behavior in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typical peers. Participants included 43 children with SLI and 43 typically developing children, for a total sample of 86 participants. Children were selected from 2 age ranges: 5–8 years and 9–12 years. The Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC; A. Shields & D. Cicchetti, 1997, 1998) and the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS; C. H. Hart & C. C. Robinson, 1996) were completed by each child’s teacher to provide measures of emotion regulation and reticence, respectively. The Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL; E. Carrow-Woodfolk, 1999) was administered to provide a measure of language ability. A regression analysis including all participants indicated that the emotion regulation scores and the CASL scores were significant predictors of the reticence scores, accounting for 43% of the variance. Group-specific analyses were then conducted to determine whether the 2 predictor scales differentially predicted reticence based on language and age groups. None of the tests exceeded the.05 level, indicating that there was no significant difference in predictive power on the 2 factors in question.
KEY WORDS: emotion regulation, language impairment, reticence, withdrawal, socioemotional
Exploratory factor analysis of the research and development culture index among qualified nurses
Authors: Watson Bill , Clarke Charlotte , Swallow Vera , Forster Stewart 
Published: April 2006

Aims and objectives.  This paper presents the exploratory factor analysis of a rating instrument for assessing the strength of organizational Research and Development (R&D) culture.Background.  Despite nursing's limited research capacity, the discipline is capitalising upon opportunities to become involved in research and is making strong progress. Within the context of the debate on nursing research capacity, the R&D Culture Index was developed as a means of appraising R&D culture within health care organizations.Design.  Factor analysis was carried out on data collected from 485 nursing staff. The method of extraction was Principal Components Analysis with oblique rotation.Methods.  The Index was developed from the findings of qualitative research conducted with NHS staff. Eighteen items, encompassing the main themes from the data, were initially included in the Index. This pilot instrument was distributed to nursing staff within three different types of NHS Trust. Factor analysis resulted in rejection of two items and the analysis was repeated using the remaining 16 items.Results.  Three latent factors were extracted accounting for 58·0% of the variance in the data. The factors were: R&D Support, describing the perceived support within the working environment for R&D activity; Personal R&D Skills and Aptitude, describing an individual's perception of their ability towards R&D activity; and Personal R&D Intention, describing an individual's willingness to engage in R&D activity. Each factor had good internal reliability, as did the overall index.Conclusion.  The R&D Culture Index provides an efficient means of assessing the strength of an organization's R&D culture in a way that captures the role of the individual practitioner and the organizational environment.Relevance to practice.  These findings suggest that the continuing promotion of R&D within health care organizations is dependent upon a multi‐faceted approach that addresses the learning needs of the organization as well as those of the individual practitioners.
Do trait anxiety and age predict state anxiety of school‐age children?
Authors: William Li Ho Cheung , Lopez Violeta 
Published: April 2006

Aim.  The aim of this study was to determine whether the trait anxiety scores and age of children could predict their state anxiety scores under stressful and relaxing situations.Background.  Surgery can cause considerable stress and anxiety that can have a profound effect on children. It is crucial for nurses to differentiate preoperative anxiety levels in children and to identify those children who are most likely to exhibit high levels of anxiety when undergoing surgery before any intervention can be appropriately planned, provided and evaluated.Methods.  A test‐retest within subjects design was used. Five hundred and nineteen primary school‐age children were invited to participate in the study. Participants were asked to respond to the Chinese version of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children under stressful (pre‐academic examination) and relaxing (post‐academic examination) situations.Result.  Multiple regression analysis showed that the trait anxiety of children was a strong predictor of their state anxiety in a stressful situation but not in a relaxed one. Compared to trait anxiety, age was found to be a weak predictor of the state anxiety of children in either situation.Conclusion.  This study confirmed that trait anxiety of children could be predicted from their state anxiety under a stressful situation.Relevance to clinical practice.  The trait anxiety scale could be a useful screening tool for nurses to identify those children who are most likely to exhibit high levels of anxiety when undergoing surgery. Understanding the trait anxiety of children in advance could help nurses implement appropriate preoperative psychological intervention that can meet the individual needs of the child and thus promote better recovery.
IL‐6 and IL‐8 response to erythropoietin therapy in radical hysterectomy
Authors: Hyllner M. , Åvall A. , Bengtson J.‐P. , Bengtsson A. 
Published: April 2006

Background:  The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) improves autologous blood donation before elective surgery. However, there are other studies indicating that rHuEPO may suppress postoperative endogenous production of erythropoietin and stimulate inflammatory mediator release. Weekly donations generate only a moderate increase in endogenous erythropoietin production. We scheduled patients with cancer to predeposit three units of blood in 2 weeks, with or without rHuEPO therapy. The aim was to determine whether rHuEPO therapy and/or an aggressive donation schedule alter perioperative erythropoietin concentrations and whether rHuEPO therapy leads to the release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐8.Methods:  Thirty women scheduled for radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were randomly assigned to either a control group with no rHuEPO therapy or to receive rHuEPO. Three units of whole blood were collected from each patient before the operation. Concentrations of haemoglobin, erythropoietin (s‐EPO) and cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐8) were repeatedly analyzed before and after the operation.Results:  During the preoperative donation period, median s‐EPO levels in the control group increased from 7 to 14 IU l−1. There was a great increase in s‐EPO concentrations 1 h postoperatively in the rHuEPO group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). IL‐6 and IL‐8 were not significantly changed after intravenous administration of rHuEPO.Conclusion:  The use of rHuEPO therapy to optimise autologous blood donation does not influence IL‐6 and IL‐8 release. 1 h postoperatively rHuEPO therapy resulted in elevated s‐EPO concentrations. There was, however, no difference in s‐EPO between the groups from day 1 postoperatively and until the end of the study.
Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (‘entheses’) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load
Authors: Benjamin M. , Toumi H. , Ralphs J. R. , Bydder G. , Best T. M. , Milz S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEntheses (insertion sites, osteotendinous junctions, osteoligamentous junctions) are sites of stress concentration at the region where tendons and ligaments attach to bone. Consequently, they are commonly subject to overuse injuries (enthesopathies) that are well documented in a number of sports. In this review, we focus on the structure–function correlations of entheses on both the hard and the soft tissue sides of the junction. Particular attention is paid to mechanical factors that influence form and function and thus to exploring the relationship between entheses and exercise. The molecular parameters indicative of adaptation to mechanical stress are evaluated, and the basis on which entheses are classified is explained. The application of the ‘enthesis organ’ concept (a collection of tissues adjacent to the enthesis itself, which jointly serve the common function of stress dissipation) to understanding enthesopathies is considered and novel roles of adipose tissue at entheses are reviewed. A distinction is made between different locations of fat at entheses, and possible functions include space‐filling and proprioception. The basic anchorage role of entheses is considered in detail and comparisons are explored between entheses and other biological ‘anchorage’ sites. The ability of entheses for self‐repair is emphasized and a range of enthesopathies common in sport are reviewed (e.g. tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, jumper's knee, plantar fasciitis and Achilles insertional tendinopathies). Attention is drawn to the degenerative, rather than inflammatory, nature of most enthesopathies in sport. The biomechanical factors contributing to the development of enthesopathies are reviewed and the importance of considering the muscle–tendon–bone unit as a whole is recognized. Bony spur formation is assessed in relation to other changes at entheses which parallel those in osteoarthritic synovial joints.
EFFECT OF SPICES ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM DT 104 IN GROUND BEEF STORED AT 4 AND 8C
Authors: UHART MILAGROS , MAKS NICOLE , RAVISHANKAR SADHANA 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT Few studies have addressed the use of spices against pathogens associated with meat. The effects of garlic, ginger and turmeric were evaluated against Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 that were inoculated either in spice paste or in buffered peptone water (BPW) or in heat‐treated ground beef and stored at 4 and 8C for 10 days. Data from the spice pastes study showed a decrease in Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 counts, and the greatest reduction (3.39 log) was observed in garlic paste stored at 4C. Garlic in BPW data showed a reduction of 1.5 and 1.0 log in Salmonella Typhimurium counts at 4 and 8C, respectively. Ground beef stored at 4C showed no growth or a slight reduction in growth in samples with spice, while all samples at 8C showed an increase in Salmonella Typhimurium counts. Results show that the spices inhibit or inactivate Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 when they are in direct contact. However, when spices are added to a complex food system such as ground beef, the inhibitory activity of these spices considerably decreases.
The NKG2D-Activating Receptor Mediates Pulmonary Clearance ofPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Borchers Michael T. , Harris Nathaniel L. , Wesselkamper Scott C. , Zhang Shiping , Chen Yi , Young Lisa , Lau Gee W. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe NKG2D-activating receptor is expressed on cytotoxic lymphocytes and interacts with ligands expressed on the surface of cells stressed by pathogenic and nonpathogenic stimuli. In this study, we investigated the physiologic importance of NKG2D receptor-ligand interactions in response to acute pulmonaryPseudomonas aeruginosainfection.P. aeruginosainfection increased the expression of mouse NKG2D ligands (Rae1) in airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in vivo and also increased the cell surface expression of human NKG2D ligands (ULBP2) on airway epithelial cells in vitro. NKG2D receptor blockade with a specific monoclonal antibody inhibited the pulmonary clearance ofP. aeruginosa.NKG2D receptor blockade also resulted in decreased production of Th1 cytokines and nitric oxide in the lungs ofP. aeruginosa-infected mice. Additionally, NKG2D receptor blockade reduced the epithelial cell sloughing that accompaniesP. aeruginosainfection. Macrophage phagocytosis and bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity were not different inP. aeruginosa-infected mice with and without NKG2D receptor blockade. These results demonstrate the importance of NKG2D-mediated immune activation in the clearance of acute bacterial infection and suggest that epithelial cell-lymphocyte interactions mediate pulmonary cytokine production, epithelial cell integrity, and bacterial clearance.
LfhA, a Novel Factor H-Binding Protein of
Leptospira interrogans
Authors: Verma Ashutosh , Hellwage Jens , Artiushin Sergey , Zipfel Peter F. , Kraiczy Peter , Timoney John F. , Stevenson Brian 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

The early phase of leptospiral infection is characterized by the presence of live organisms in the blood. Pathogenic
Leptospira interrogans
is resistant to the alternative pathway of complement mediated-killing, while nonpathogenic members of the genus are not. Consistent with that observation, only pathogenic leptospires bound factor H, a host fluid-phase regulator of the alternative complement pathway. Ligand affinity blot analyses revealed that pathogenic
L. interrogans
produces at least two factor H-binding proteins. Through screening of a lambda phage expression library, we identified one of these as the novel membrane protein LfhA. Ligand affinity assays and surface plasmon resonance analyses of recombinant LfhA revealed specific binding of both factor H and factor H-related protein 1. Serological examination of infected humans and horses demonstrated that LfhA is expressed by
L. interrogans
during mammalian infection. LfhA may therefore contribute to the resistance of pathogenic leptospires to complement-mediated killing during leptospiremic phases of the disease.
Campylobacter jejuniInduces Maturation and Cytokine Production in Human Dendritic Cells
Authors: Hu Lan , Bray Mechelle D. , Osorio Manuel , Kopecko Dennis J. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniis a leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal disease in both developed and developing nations. Colonic mucosal invasion and the resulting host inflammatory responses are thought to be the key contributing factors to the dysenteric form of this disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial infection. In this study, the interaction between human monocyte-derived dendritic cells andC. jejuniwas studied. We found thatC. jejuniwas readily internalized by DCs over a 2-h period. However, after a prolonged infection period (24 or 48 h) withC. jejuni, only a few viable bacteria remained intracellularly. Minimal cytotoxicity ofC. jejunito dendritic cells was observed.C. jejuniinduced the maturation of dendritic cells over 24 h, as indicated by up-regulation of cell surface marker proteins CD40, CD80, and CD86. In addition,Campylobacter-infected DCs triggered activation of NF-κB and significantly stimulated production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) compared to uninfected DCs. Active bacterial invasion of DCs was not necessary for the induction of these cytokines, as heat-killedC. jejunistimulated similar levels of cytokine production as live bacteria. Purified lipooligosaccharide ofC. jejuniappears to be the major stimulant for the increased production of cytokines by DCs. Taken together, these data indicate that during infection,Campylobactertriggers an innate inflammatory response through increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and initiates a Th1-polarized adaptive immune response as predicted from the high level of production of IL-12.
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of Prime-Boost Immunization with Recombinant Poxvirus FP9 and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Encoding the Full-LengthPlasmodium falciparumCircumsporozoite Protein
Authors: Walther Michael , Thompson Fiona M. , Dunachie Susanna , Keating Sheila , Todryk Stephen , Berthoud Tamara , Andrews Laura , Andersen Rikke F. , Moore Anne , Gilbert Sarah C. , Poulton Ian , Dubovsky Filip , Tierney Eveline , Correa Simon , Huntcooke Angela , Butcher Geoffrey , Williams Jack , Sinden Robert E. , Hill Adrian V. S. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTHeterologous prime-boost immunization with DNA and various recombinant poxviruses encoding malaria antigens is capable of inducing strong cell-mediated immune responses and partial protection in human sporozoite challenges. Here we report a series of trials assessing recombinant fowlpox virus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara encoding thePlasmodium falciparumcircumsporozoite protein in various prime-boost combinations, doses, and application routes. For the first time, these vaccines were administered intramuscularly and at doses of up to 5 × 108PFU. Vaccines containing this antigen proved safe and induced modest immune responses but showed no evidence of efficacy in a sporozoite challenge.
RpoH Mediates the Expression of Some, but Not All, Genes Induced in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Adherent to Epithelial Cells
Authors: Du Ying , Arvidson Cindy Grove 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(gonococcus [GC]), is highly adapted to the human host, the only known reservoir for gonococcal infection. However, since it is sexually transmitted, infection of a new host likely requires a regulatory response on the part of the gonococcus to respond to this significant change in environment. We previously showed that adherence of gonococci to epithelial cells results in changes of gene expression in the bacteria that presumably prepare them for subsequent steps in the infection process. Expression of the heat shock sigma factor gene,
rpoH
, was shown to be important for the invasion step, as gonococci depleted for
rpoH
were reduced in their ability to invade epithelial cells. Here, we show that of the genes induced in adherent gonococci, two are part of the gonococcal RpoH regulon. When RpoH is depleted, expression of these genes is no longer induced by host cell contact, indicating that RpoH is mediating the host cell induction response of these genes. One RpoH-dependent gene, NGO0376, is shown to be important for invasion of epithelial cells, consistent with earlier observations that RpoH is necessary for this step of infection. Two genes, NGO1684 and NGO0340, while greatly induced by host cell contact, were found to be RpoH independent, indicating that more than one regulator is involved in the response to host cell contact. Furthermore, NGO0340, but not NGO1684, was shown to be important for both adherence and invasion of epithelial cells, suggesting a complex regulatory network in the response of gonococci to contact with host cells.
Microcin J25 Uptake: His5of the MccJ25 Lariat Ring Is Involved in Interaction with the Inner Membrane MccJ25 Transporter Protein SbmA
Authors: de Cristóbal Ricardo E. , Solbiati Jose O. , Zenoff Ana M. , Vincent Paula A. , Salomón Raul A. , Yuzenkova Julia , Severinov Konstantin , Farías Ricardo N. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTEscherichia colimicrocin J25 (MccJ25) is a plasmid-encoded antibiotic peptide consisting of 21l-amino acid residues (G1-G-A-G-H5-V-P-E-Y-F10-V-G-I-G-T15-P-I-S-F-Y20-G).E. coliRNA polymerase (RNAP) is the intracellular target of MccJ25. MccJ25 enters cells after binding to specific membrane transporters: FhuA in the outer membrane and SbmA in the inner membrane. Here, we studied MccJ25 mutants carrying a substitution of His5by Lys, Arg, or Ala. The inhibitory effects on cellular growth and in vitro RNAP activity were determined for each mutant microcin. The results show that all mutants inhibited RNAP in vitro. However, the mutants were defective in their ability to inhibit cellular growth. Experiments in which the FhuA protein was bypassed showed that substitutions of MccJ25 His5affected the SbmA-dependent transport. Our results thus suggest that MccJ25 His5located in the lariat ring is involved, directly or indirectly, in specific interaction with SbmA and is not required for MccJ25 inhibition of RNAP.
Interactions of mRNAs and gRNAs involved in trypanosome mitochondrial RNA editing: Structure probing of a gRNA bound to its cognate mRNA
Authors: Yu Laura E. , Koslowsky Donna J. 
Published: April 2006

Expression of mitochondrial genes in Trypanosoma brucei requires RNA editing of its mRNA transcripts. During editing, uridylates are precisely inserted and deleted as directed by the gRNA template to create the protein open reading frame. This process involves the bimolecular interaction of the gRNA with its cognate pre-edited mRNA and the assembly of a protein complex with the enzymatic machinery required. While a considerable amount of work has been done identifying the protein components of the editing complex, very little is known about how a functional editosome is assembled. In addition, the importance of RNA structure in establishing a functional editing complex is poorly understood. Work in our lab suggests that different mRNA/gRNA pairs can form similar secondary structures suggesting that a common core architecture may be important for editosome recognition and function. Using solution structure probing, we have investigated the structure of the initiating gRNA, gCYb-558, in the mRNA/gRNA complex with pre-edited apocytochrome b mRNA. Our data indicate that the stem–loop formed by the guiding region of the gRNA alone is maintained in its interaction with the pre-edited message. In addition, our data suggest that a gRNA stem–loop structure is maintained through the first few editing events by the use of alternative base-pairing with the U-tail.
3-dimensional loops on non-solvable reductive spaces
Authors: Figula Ágota 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We treat the almost differentiable left A-loops as
images of global differentiable sharply transitive sections σ : G | H → G for a Lie group G such
that G
|
H is a reductive homogeneous manifold. In this paper we
classify all 3-dimensional connected strongly left alternative almost
differentiable left A-loops L such that for the corresponding section
σ : G | H → G the Lie group G is
non-solvable.
Extensions of isomorphisms for affine dual polar spaces and strong parapolar spaces
Authors: Blok Rieuwert J. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Let B be a class of point-line geometries. Given
Γ
i
∈ B with subspace

i
for
i = 1, 2, does any isomorphism Γ1 −
1 → Γ2 −
2 extend to a unique isomorphism Γ1
→ Γ2? It is known to be true if B is the class of almost all projective spaces or the class
of almost all nondegenerate polar spaces. We show that this is true for the class
of almost all strong parapolar spaces, including dual polar
spaces.
A special case occurs when Γ1 = Γ2 = Γ has an
embedding into a projective space ℙ(V ) that is natural in
the sense that Aut(Γ ) ≤ PΓL(V ). Then the question
becomes whether ℙ(V ) is also the natural embedding for
Γ − . Our result shows that in most cases the stabilizer
StabAut(Γ)(Γ − ) is faithful on
Γ − and equals Aut(Γ − ) and so the
answer is affirmative. We know that there exist some interesting exceptions. These
will be covered in a subsequent paper.
Artin groups of type B and D
Authors: Crisp John , Paris Luis 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We show that each of the Artin groups of type Bn
and
Dn
can be presented as a semidirect product F ⋊ ℬ
n
,
where F is a free group and ℬ
n
is the
n-string braid group. We explain how these semidirect product
structures arise quite naturally from fibrations, and observe that, in each
case, the action of the braid group ℬ
n
on the free group
F is classical. We prove that, for each of the semidirect products, the
group of automorphisms which leave invariant the normal subgroup F is
small: namely, Out(A(Bn
), F ) has order
2, and Out(A(Dn
), F ) has order 4 if
n is even and 2 if n is odd. It is known that the Artin group
of type Dn
may be viewed as an index 2 subgroup of the
n-string braid group over a disk with a degree 2 orbifold point. We
show that this orbifold braid group has outer automorphism group of order 2, for
all n ≥ 2.