bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Pest Organisms and Improvement of the Quality and Biosecurity of Edible Fruits of Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.)
Authors: Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Olguín-Hernández Gildardo , Francisco Aguirre-Medina Juan , De Lourdes Arévalo-Galarza Ma. , A. Cadena-Zamudio Daniel , del Mar Ruiz-Posadas Lucero , Hugo Avendaño-Arrazate Carlos , Manuel Cisneros-Solano Víctor 
Published: March 2024

Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) (Cucurbitaceae) is a vegetable native to backyard gardens that has evolved as an export product in the last 20 years. The producing countries are Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and recently some Mediterranean countries in Europe. Its commercial success has extended the cultivation areas, and pest organisms have been identified that attack different organs of the plant, affecting profitability, health, and safety. The lack of accurate knowledge about damage caused to the plant generates errors and costs for its control due to wrong diagnoses and the use of pesticides of toxicological groups and doses that do not effectively control the pest organism. For this reason, it is essential to have the identification of the main pest organisms that attack each organ of the chayote plant, in order to ensure timely, adequate, socially, and environmentally responsible management that allows sustaining productivity and obtaining quality fruits. This chapter graphically describes, for the first time, the main pest organisms that limit the productivity of commercial chayote.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Direct Instruction Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Teks Cerita Fantasi Siswa Kelas VII SMP N 9 Padang
Authors: Wulan Dari Cindy , Gemarni Tatalia Ricci , Mulyani Rusli Sri Mulyani Rusli 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan model direct instruction terhadap kemampuan menulis teks cerita fantasi siswa kelas VII SMP N 9 Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimental design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII 7 SMP N 9 Padang yang berjumlah 27 orang. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah skor hasil kemampuan menulis teks cerita fantasi siswa kelas VII SMP N Padang sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model direct instruction. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pertama, kemampuan menulis teks cerita fantasi siswa kelas VII SMP N 9 Padang sebelum menggunakan model direct instruction memperoleh nilai rata-rata 69,7 14 termasuk kualifikasi cukup pada kisaran 66-75%. Kedua, kemampuan menulis teks cerita fantasi siswa kelas VII SMP N 9 Padang sesudah menggunakan model direct instruction diperoleh nilai rata-rata 86,05 termasuk kualifikasi baik sekali pada kisaran 86-95%. Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dalam penggunaan model direct instruction dalam kemampuan menulis teks cerita fantasi siswa kelas VII SMP N 9 Padang karena thitung> ttabel (9,01> 1,71).
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Circuit Learning Terhadap Keterampilan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 1 Lembah Melintang
Authors: Tia Septia Reski , Silvia Marni  , Samsiarni  
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran Circuit Learning terhadap keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lembah Melintang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Design Pre Experimenta. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS 2. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah skor hasil keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lembah Melintang sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran Circuit Learning. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah memberikan tes unjuk kerja yaitu menulis teks eksplanasi sebelum menggunakan model Circuit Learning dan sesudah menggunakan model Circuit Learning. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah dilakukan dengan mengacu pada indikator dalam menulis teks eksplanasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Pertama, keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lembah Melintang sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Circuit Learning diperoleh 69,13 berada pada penguasaan 66-75% dengan kualifikasi Lebih dari Cukup (LdC). Kedua, keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lembah Melintang sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran Circuit Learning diperoleh 81,16 berada pada penguasaan 76-85% dengan kualifikasi Baik (B). ketiga, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan model pembelajaran Circuit Learning terhadap keterampilan menulis teks eksplanasi siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Lembah Melintang sesudah hasil pengujian yang membuktikan bahwa thitung > ttabel yaitu 4,58 > 1,68.
Penerapan Pendekatan Kontekstual Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Teks Prosedur Pada Peserta Didik Kelas VII A MTs Negeri 14 Ciamis
Authors: Citra Hervina Wulandari  , Herman Wijaya  
Published: March 2024

engingat bahwa sebuah penguasaan dan pemahaman dalam bidang Bahasa Indonesia sebagai modal utama berkomunikasi dalam kegiatan belajar, maka sangat begitu penting untuk dapat menuntaskan berbagai permasalahan dan hambatan yang muncul dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia agar dapat memenuhi target kurikulum, tujuan pembelajaran dan harapan semua pihak yang berkompeten dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya pendidikan berbahasa yang baik dan benar. Penelitian dimaksudkan untuk dapat mengetahui upaya meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dalam pembelajaran teks prosedur melalui pendekatan kontekstual dengan mengaitkan materi pembelajaran pada kehidupan nyata di lingkungan sekitar peserta didik, mengetahui tahapan-tahapan pendekatan kontekstual yang akan dilaksanakan dalam pembelajaran serta dapat mengetahui kelebihan dan kekurangan penerapan pendekatan kontekstual dalam kegiatan mengajar. Dengan desain strategi pendekatan kontekstual dalam pembelajaran peserta didik didorong supaya mengaitkan dan mengombinasikan materi yang ditemukan dengan kehidupan nyata, sehingga pemahaman tentang materi yang disampaikan tentu akan selalu teringat dalam memorinya. Tak terlepas dari semua itu, ada harapan terhadap semua peserta didik melalui metode pembelajaran dengan penerapan pendekatan kontekstual dalam mengajar Bahasa Indonesia khususnya pada materi teks prosedur agar dapat dipahami, dimengerti serta terampil dalam menerapkan ilmu tersebut pada lingkungannya. Karena sejatinya pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia itu bukan hanya tentang teori saja, melainkan praktik yang ditanamkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan akan terus berlanjut.
VULNERABILIDADE DO IDOSO NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO DURANTE O PERÍODO DA PANDEMIA DO CORONAVÍRUS (COVID-19)
Authors: Sotero Turbay Iran , Leite de Carvalho Augusto César 
Published: March 2024

Este documento busca analisar as vulnerabilidades do trabalhador idoso durante o período da pandemia do coronavírus (covid-19), verificando se houve um aumento na dispensa de trabalhadores nesta faixa etária, fazendo um comparativo com outras faixas etárias. Toda análise será realizada através dos atos normativos das Leis nº10.741, de 1º de outubro de 2003 - Estatuto do Idoso e Lei nº 14.020, de 6 de julho de 2020 - Institui o Programa Emergencial de Manutenção do Emprego e da Renda; como foco temporal dos dados trimestrais de 2019 a 2021 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE e do Programa de Disseminação das Estatísticas do Trabalho – PDET.
Evaluation of crop wild relatives from Lahaul valley, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Antul , Choudhary Anuj , Landol Stanzin , Kaur Harmanjot , Singh Navneet 
Published: March 2024

Improving domesticated crops using wild relatives is a sustainable and cost-effective solution for human welfare problems. The study provides a promising source of accessed plants, explored during the survey in four different sites viz Kardang, Piyukar, Gumrang and Yurnath present in Keylong region, district Lahaul-Spiti, Himachal Pradesh. To observe the species abundance in different locations, present study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 within an elevation range above 3000m. Species richness and Shannon diversity value (0-4.5) was maximum observed in Piyukar village (2.35; 2. 43), followed by Gumrang (2.32; 2.32), Yurnath (2.26; 2.19) and Kardang (1.91; 2.01). The largest population density of species was recorded as E. semicostatus (34.40 plants/m2), E. repens (33.20 plants/m2), E. dahuricus (32.20 plants/m2), E. longiaristatus (20.00 plants/m2) and Poa annua (18.20 plants/m2). These regions are well known for medicinal properties, but numerous wild relatives for domesticated crops found during germplasm cum exploration survey such as wheat wild grass (Elymus semicostatus, E. repens and E. dahuricus), condiments (Carum carvi and Ferulajaes chkeana), tribal food (Chenopodium foliosum, Dioscora deltoidea and Hyppophea rhamnoides) and fruits (Ribes alpestris and Fragaria vesca). The study drew the attention of plant researchers toward conservation and kept these plants in the pipeline of crop breeding.
Our Clinic's Experience with Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty.
Authors: Genç Hüsnü Çağrı , Çoşkun Hakkı , Demirtaş Yıldırımcan , Soylu Sinan , Kurt Atilla 
Published: March 2024

Aim: we aim to present the outcomes of the Laser Hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) procedure performed in our clinic.
Material and methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed the outcomes of LHP performed on 112 patients in our clinic over a 24-month period. Patients were scheduled for follow-up visits at three weeks post-surgery, followed by subsequent follow-ups at three and six-month intervals.
Results: Of the 112 patients, 73 (65.17%) were male, and 39 (34.82%) were female. The mean age was 52.6 years (range: 20-65). The mean operation duration was 18.3 minutes (range: 12-25). Seventy patients were classified as grade 2, while 42 patients were classified as grade 3. The mean hospital stay was 1.16 days. Among the 70 patients with grade 2 hemorrhoids, 5 were lost to follow-up, while 24 were followed up at 6 months and 41 at 1 year. One (1.42%) patient who attended the 1-year follow-up showed recurrence. Four patients (9.52%) showed recurrence. One patient with grade 3 hemorrhoids experienced postoperative bleeding lasting one week, requiring erythrocyte suspension replacement. Another patient with grade 3 hemorrhoids developed a hematoma, which resolved with conservative treatment. Eight patients (7.14%) with grade 3 hemorrhoids developed postoperative edema, all of whom improved with conservative treatment. Pain, evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale, was measured as 2.03 on the first postoperative day and 1.49 on the second postoperative day.
Conclusion: LH treatment has been found to be a successful alternative treatment option for Grade 2 and Grade 3 diseases. It is emphasized that patient selection is crucial in LH treatment.
Baltic Sea shipwrecks as a source of hazardous pollution
Authors: Szpiech Agata , Bojke Aleksandra , Littwin Małgorzata , Dzendrowska Aleksandra , Duljas Ewelina , Flasińska Agnieszka , Szczepańska Katarzyna , Dziarkowski Tomasz , Dembska Grażyna , Pazikowska-Sapota Grażyna , Galer-Tatarowicz Katarzyna , Hac Benedykt 
Published: March 2024

Background
Shipwrecks on the Baltic Sea seabed pose a serious threat to the marine environment. Fuel, ammunition and chemicals in their holds can enter the ecosystem at any time, causing an ecological disaster. It is known that oil spills from ship accidents can affect life and health of different species of animals, both immediately after catastrophe and for many years thereafter. This article discusses the negative impact of shipwrecks on the ecological status of the Baltic Sea and presents the contamination status of bottom sediment core samples taken in the vicinity of shipwrecks located in the South Baltic, i.e., S/s Stuttgart, t/s Franken, S/T Burgmeister Petersen and m/s Sleipner. It is based on the results of research carried out by the Maritime Institute between 2011 and 2016.

Methods
Core samples were taken by a VKG-2 vibrating probe and analysed towards content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and total organic carbon (TOC). Seven PAHs and Seven PCBs were determined using solid phase extraction (SPE) technique followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. In order to determine the concentration of TPH, the SPE technique was applied followed by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) analysis. TOC content was established by TOC analyser using infrared detection.

Results
Samples taken in the vicinity of the S/s Stuttgart shipwreck have shown the highest concentrations of all analysed parameters compared to the examined wrecks and significantly differed from the results typical for these areas. This studies have shown that the S/s Stuttgart shipwreck poses a serious threat to the marine environment of Baltic Sea and it is necessary to continue studies in this area and to perform a wider range of analysis.
Soil Quality Assessment of Different Villages of Malpura Block in Tonk District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Choudhary Rameshwar , Nath Triyugi , Sharma Pavan Kumar , Nagar Pramod Kumar , Meena Anil Kumar , Naga Indar Raj 
Published: March 2024

A study was conducted in the Malpura block of Tonk district, Rajasthan, during 2021-2022 to assess the soil fertility status. To ascertain 60 soil samples were collected from 6 different villages Lawa (V1), Borkhandi (V2), Kadila (V3), Jankipura (V4), Diggi (V5), and Nukkad (V6), at a depth of 0-15 cm. Collected soil samples were examined for various physico-chemical parameters which includes BD, PD, WHC, Porosity, pH, EC, OC, also macro nutrient like N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S by using standard analytical methods. Results showed that the soil was neutral to alkaline in pH (6.8 to 8.8), low in organic carbon (0.2 to 0.88%) and available sulfur (6.92 to 19.08 mg kg-1). The nitrogen content in the soil, ranging from 143.2 to 356.84 kg ha-1, was deemed insufficient. On the other hand, the levels of calcium and manganese were identified as ranging from medium to high in the soil sample.
Organic Bulk‐Heterojunction Photovoltaics Based on Alkyl Substituted Discotics
Authors: Li J. L. , Kastler M. , Pisula W. , Robertson J. W. F. , Wasserfallen D. , Grimsdale A. C. , Wu J. S. , Müllen K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe photovoltaic behavior of three hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives has been investigated with respect to the influence of the alkyl side chains. Upon increasing the side chain length, the HBC chromophore becomes diluted, thus decreasing the amount of light absorbed. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X‐ray analysis reveal that the HBC with the 2‐ethyl‐hexyl side chain is in a crystalline state at room temperature, while the other two HBCs containing 2‐hexyl‐decyl and 2‐decyl‐tetradecyl substituents in so‐called plastic crystalline state. The HBC with the shortest side chain is proven to be the best donor for perylenediimide, showing a highest external quantum efficiency of 12 %. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy imaging suggested an important role of the morphology of the active film in determining the performance of the device.
1D and 3D Ionic Liquid–Aluminum Hydroxide Hybrids Prepared via an Ionothermal Process
Authors: Park H. S. , Choi Y. S. , Kim Y. J. , Hong W. H. , Song H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRoom‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are used as hierarchically multifunctional components by employing them not only as templates and co‐solvents for fabricating nanostructured materials but also proton conductors for electrochemical devices. RTIL/aluminum hydroxide (RTIL–Al) hybrids containing various nanometer‐sized shapes, including 1D nanorods with hexagonal tips, straight and curved nanofibers, nanofibers embedded in a porous network, and 3D octahedral‐, polyhedral‐, and angular spherical shapes are synthesized via a one‐pot ionothermal process. The structures or shapes of the RTIL–Al hybrids are related to the anionic moieties, alkyl chain length of the RTILs, and the humidity during fabrication. In particular, the introduction of water molecules into the interface led to 3D isotropic growth of the hybrids by influencing intermolecular interactions between the RTILs and the building blocks. The shapes of the nanohybrids fabricated from RTILs containing short alkyl chains were dependent on the types of anions and on the level of humidity. These results indicate that the cooperative interactions between RTILs and aluminum hydroxides induces emerging shape‐controlled hybrids. The shape‐controlled nanohybrids show enhanced electrochemical properties compared to those of a conventional hybrid prepared by mixing RTILs and aluminum hydroxides, exhibiting tenfold or higher proton conductivity under anhydrous condition and thermal stability as a result of the continuous proton conduction channel and the one‐pot‐assembled nanoconfinement. This method is expected to be a useful technique for controlling the diverse shapes of nanometer‐sized crystalline inorganic materials for a variety of applications, such as fuel cells, solar cells, rechargeable batteries, and biosensors.
Large‐Size Bulk and Thin‐Film Stilbazolium‐Salt Single Crystals for Nonlinear Optics and THz Generation
Authors: Yang Z. , Mutter L. , Stillhart M. , Ruiz B. , Aravazhi S. , Jazbinsek M. , Schneider A. , Gramlich V. , Günter P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe present new stilbazolium salt DSTMS (4‐N,N‐dimethylamino‐4′‐N′‐methyl‐stilbazolium 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzenesulfonate) with both high second‐order nonlinear optical properties and very favorable crystal growth characteristics. We are able to obtain very large area bulk single crystals of more than 3 × 3 × 0.2 cm3 with a high optical quality without using seed crystals by using low‐temperature solution growth. We also demonstrate the growth of single crystalline thin films of DSTMS with an area of up to 6 × 5 mm2 and a thickness between 5–30 μm. Nonlinear optical measurements reveal that DSTMS possesses large nonlinear optical susceptibilities with χ111(2) = (430 ± 40) pm V–1 at 1.9 μm. Highly efficient generation of broadband THz waves with THz electric field strengths of more than 4 kV cm–1 using 160 fs laser pump pulses at a wavelength λ = 1.45 μm and DSTMS crystals has been demonstrated.
An Epoxy Photoresist Modified by Luminescent Nanocrystals for the Fabrication of 3D High‐Aspect‐Ratio Microstructures
Authors: Ingrosso C. , Fakhfouri V. , Striccoli M. , Agostiano A. , Voigt A. , Gruetzner G. , Curri M. L. , Brugger J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn epoxy‐based negative‐tone photoresist, which is known as a suitable material for high‐aspect‐ratio surface micromachining, is functionalized with red‐light‐emitting CdSe@ZnS nanocrystals (NCs). The proper selection of a common solvent for the NCs and the resist is found to be critical for the efficient incorporation of the NCs in the epoxy matrix. The NC‐modified resist can be patterned by standard UV lithography down to micrometer‐scale resolution, and high‐aspect‐ratio structures have been successfully fabricated on a 100 mm scaled wafer. The “as‐fabricated”, 3D, epoxy‐based surface microstructures show the characteristic luminescent properties of the embedded NCs, as verified by fluorescence microscopy. This issue demonstrates that the NC emission properties can be conveniently conveyed into the polymer matrix without deteriorating the lithographic performance of the latter. The dimensions, the resolution, and the surface morphology of the NC‐modified‐epoxy microstructures exhibit only minor deviations with respect to that of the unmodified reference material, as examined by means of microscopic and metrologic investigations. The proposed approach of the incorporation of emitting and non‐bleachable NCs into a photoresist opens novel routes for surface patterning of integrated microsystems with inherent photonic functionality at the micro‐ and nanometer‐scale for light sensing and emitting applications.
Novel spectrum of perforin gene mutations in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in ethnic omani patients
Authors: Muralitharan Shanmugakonar , Wali Yasser A. , Dennison David , Lamki Zakia A. , Zachariah Mathew , Nagwa El Banna , Pathare Anil , Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an autosomal recessive immune disorder, characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, markedly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and impaired cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes. FHL is often fatal in early infancy. Histologic features include organ infiltration by activated macrophages and lymphocytes. Four genetic loci (FHL1, 2, 3, and 4) have been identified, of which FHL2 involves mutations in the perforin gene and is present in 20–50% of patients with FHL. We herein report the first comprehensive molecular analysis of 16 unrelated cases of FHL in ethnic Omanis. Using direct DNA sequencing analysis in 11 families, seven different mutations were identified in the coding region of the perforin gene, of which five were novel. Perforin gene defects do not seem to be involved in one‐third of the cases of FHL in ethnic Omanis. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aromatizität von metallorganischen Verbindungen mit Gruppe‐14‐Elementen: experimentelle Aspekte
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDie Aromatizität ist eines der wegweisenden Konzepte in der Chemie, dessen Geschichte sich über fast zwei Jahrhunderte erstreckt, beginnend mit der Entdeckung des “Doppelt‐Kohlenwasserstoffs” (bicarburet of hydrogen), heute Benzol genannt, durch Faraday. Die seitherigen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der aromatischen Verbindungen sind erheblich, was sich in der Synthese neuartiger Klassen aromatischer Verbindungen widerspiegelt, darunter geladene Spezies, nichtklassische (Möbius‐, dreidimensionale, Homo‐, Metalla‐)Arene und Fullerene. Zugleich wurde die Theorie der Aromatizität stetig weiterentwickelt; die Abgrenzung der Aromatizität erfordert heute eine Abwägung vielfältiger Kriterien: energetischer, struktureller, magnetischer Kriterien usw. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz diskutieren wir den derzeitigen Forschungsstand auf dem Gebiet der aromatischen Verbindungen von schwereren Gruppe‐14‐Elementen und geben einen Ausblick auf die Zukunft dieses Gebiets.
Die molekularen Grundlagen der eukaryotischen Transkription (Nobel‐Vortrag)
Authors: Kornberg Roger 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIch bin zutiefst dankbar für die große Ehre, die mir das Nobel‐ Komitee für Chemie und die Königlich‐Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften gewährt. Es ist eine Ehre, die ich mit meinen Mitarbeitern teile, und es ist auch eine Anerkennung für all diejenigen, die über ein Vierteljahrhundert hinweg zur Erforschung der Transkription beigetragen haben.
Aromaticity of Group 14 Organometallics: Experimental Aspects
Authors: Lee Vladimir Ya. , Sekiguchi Akira 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe long story of aromatic compounds has extended over almost two centuries, since the discovery by Faraday of “bicarburet of hydrogen”, or C6H6, now called benzene. Since then, the chemistry of aromatic compounds has been developed extensively; this is reflected in the synthesis of novel classes of aromatic derivatives including charged species, nonclassical (Möbius, three‐dimensional, homo‐, metalla‐) aromatics, and fullerenes. The theory of aromaticity has also undergone a spectacular evolution since the first definition of aromaticity by Hückel; the classification of aromaticity now requires the consideration of versatile criteria: energetic, structural, magnetic, among others. In this Review, we discuss the current state of affairs in the chemistry of aromatic compounds of the heavier Group 14 elements, the latest experimental achievements, as well as future prospects in the field.