bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Further Simplified Procedure for the Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Contaminated Aqueous Substrata
Authors: MOSSEL D. A. A. , VOR H. DE , EELDERINK INEKE 
Published: March 2008

A simple method for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bottled water and aqueous pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations is described.
Subsequent to enrichment in Thom et al.'s (1971) nitrofurantoin broth at 42 °C, streaking positive cultures on to King et al.'s (1954) agar with nitrofurantoin added and incubating at 42 °C.
Stabbing colonies into single, three 2 cm layer tubes (violet red bile dextrose agar/plain agar/SIM medium) and identifying strains by their non‐fermentative attack on glucose, motility, oxidase reaction and failure to produce H2S or indole.
A Note on the Estimation of Azotobacter Densities by Membrane Filter Technique
Authors: HEGAZI N. A. , NIEMELÄ S. I. 
Published: March 2008

Membrane filter technique is recommended for routine analysis of water and soil particularly those with low Azotobacter density.
Tests of four brands of membrane filters used for enumerating different groups of bacteria showed that highest Azotobacter counts were obtained with Millipore and Sartorius membranes.
Boiling of the membranes for 5 min in distilled water leads to the removal of possible substances toxic to the development of Axotobacter cells which was demonstrated by the increase of the recovered colonies, and to equal estimates obtained with the various brands.
Chemical and Microbiological Studies on Leachates from a Waste Tip
Authors: RILEY R. D. , BENEDICT R. G. , SEABLOOM R. W. , CARLSON D. A. 
Published: March 2008

Some chemical and microbial parameters were examined in a 12 month study of leachate from a waste tip.
Anaerobic decomposition within the tip yielded large amounts of aliphatic acids in raw leachate, which exerted a bacteriostatic action on coliforms within the tip.
Heterotrophic aerobes subcultured from the four sampling areas included representative from 11 bacterial genera and one mould.
Many of the isolated bacteria grew slowly and produced colonies much smaller than normal. The pollutants in raw leachate probably suppressed the growth of these organisms.
Quasi‐contamination of a Germfree Mouse Isolator
Authors: TAYLOR D. M. , JAYNE‐WILLIAMS D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Following the replacement of a damaged glove of a germfree mouse isolator, some illness and deaths occurred in the mouse colony which were considered to be possibly due to contamination.
Organisms were observed microscopically in the gut contents of the mice but repeated attempts to cultivate them proved unsuccessful.
It was finally concluded that the organisms were non‐viable, that they originated from sterlle diet, and that the deaths were due to another cause.
Isolation of a Bacteriophage of Leuconostoc mesenteroides from Dairy Products
Authors: SOZZI T. , POULIN J. M. , MARET R. , POUSAZ R. 
Published: March 2008

A bacteriophage specific for the leuconostoc strain Pro2 (L. mesenteroides, group V of Garvie) was isolated from whey and buttermilk samples from two factories which use the strain Pro2 in their starters.
Morphologically, it belongs to the group B bacteriophages according to Bradley.
It is the first bacteriophage of leuconostoc isolated from dairy products. The reasons for the widespread ignorance of phages of leuconostocs are discussed.
Effects of Divalent Metal Cations in the Growth Medium upon Sensitivity of Batch‐grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa to EDTA or Polymyxin B
Authors: BOGGIS W. , KENWARD M. A. , BROWN M. R. W. 
Published: March 2008

The sensitivity of batch grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethyleneglycol‐bis(2‐aminoethyl ether)‐N, N‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and to polymyxin depended upon the nature and concentration of divalent metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Al3+) present in the simple salts‐glucose growth medium. Sensitivity to the antibacterial agents was measured in terms of per cent decrease in optical density which was proportional to total count. The rate of decrease in optical density and the per cent decrease after a given time were proportional to the cation content of the growth medium. The lytic action of the agents correlated to some extent with the stability constants of the cation for the two chelating agents.The data support the theory that EDTA and polymyxin both act initially at a common site of action, namely the Mg2+ and Ca2+ cross bridges that stabilize components of the outer membrane.
Differentiation of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria in Transparent Acrylic Resin Emulsion Replicas of Surfaces of Plants
Authors: BIRKBY K. M. , PREECE T. F. 
Published: March 2008

When acrylic resin emulsion (Rohm & Haas Primal AC‐33) is allowed to dry on a leaf surface, it can be peeled off to give a transparent replica of the surface with bacteria and fungi embedded in it. The distribution of micro‐organisms in the replica appears to reflect the patterns in which they occur naturally on the surface. The resin replicas may be stained by a variety of microscopical stains, the best of which is phenol‐acetic‐aniline blue, and are suitable for high power light microscopy.Acrylic resin emulsion differs from widely used cellulose‐based materials in that permanent differentiated preparations of Gram positive and Gram negative stained bacteria may be produced from a wide variety of types of surface.
The Value of Plasmid Profiles for Strain Identification in Lactic Streptococci and the Relationship between Streptoccocus lactis 712, ML3 and C2
Authors: DAVIES F. L. , UNDERWOOD H. M. , GASSON M. J. 
Published: March 2008

Plasmid DNA from lactic streptococci was subjected to electrophoresis on agarose gels. The plasmid profiles so obtained were strain specific and sufficiently stable to suggest their use in strain differentiation. A group of Streptococcus lactis strains, 712. 763 (ML3), 505 (C2) and 2031 (C2), found to have similar plasmid profiles, were shown to be closely related. Gene transfer by transduction and conjugation occurred between members of this group at frequencies comparable to those in homologous systems and temperate phages cross plated readily between their prophage cured derivatives.Minor variations were, however, found between these four strains; slight differences in plasmid profiles, lysogenic status, prophage curability and temperate phage morphology were detected and it is suggested that these have evolved as a result of maintenance in different environments.
The Effect of pH, Temperature and Certain Media Constituents on the Stability and Activity of the Preservative, Bronopol
Authors: MOORE K. E. , STRETTON R. J. 
Published: March 2008

Various workers have obtained seemingly contradictory results for the activity of the preservative, bronopol. The effect of pH, temperature and certain media constituents on the stability and activity of bronopol has been investigated.Bronopol has been found to be more active at higher pH values but also breaks down at a faster rate. If the activity of bronopol is measured by a system that takes a few minutes, then the true effect of pH on activity is assessed. If, however, the method takes several hours, especially in the presence of certain media constituents, then the compound may decompose significantly and the response to the compound thereby be influenced.
Inactivation of Salmonella during anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge
Authors: Carrington E.G. , Harman Sarah A. , Pike E.B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe inactivation of Salmonella duesseldorf in sewage sludge during anaerobic digestion was investigated at 35 and 48°C with mean retention periods of between 10 and 20 days. Digesters were fed daily with raw sludge containing added Salm. duesseldorf after removal of digested sludge. During steady operation, the levels of Salm. duesseldorf in the digested and the feed sludge were determined and their specific rates of decay were estimated. The latter were: (i) greater at 48°C than at 35°C for the same retention time; (ii) similar for retention periods greater than 15 d, but lower for 10 d; (iii) greater when the level of salmonellas in the feed was lower. Gas production, a measure of steady state, was gradually lost when the mean retention period was reduced to 6.7 d. In experiments in which a single dose of Salm. duesseldorf was added to digesting sludge, the inactivation appeared to follow first‐order kinetics at 35°C and the decimal decay rate, 1.6/d, was similar to that in the daily feeding experiments (1.4/d) with larger and similar inocula of Salm. duesseldorf. At 48°C, however, the rate of inactivation declined with decreasing time from inoculation suggesting that the culture contained cells differing in thermal resistance. The degrees and rates of inactivation of salmonellas in those experiments were greater than in full‐scale digesters, because the latter seldom operated under conditions ideal for inactivation or because indigenous salmonellas are more resistant.
Relative value of staphylocoagulase and fibrinogen affinity for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Carret G. , Flandrois J.P. , Bismuth R. , Saulnier M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIdentification of Staphylococcus aureus depends on demonstration of either coagulase, thermonuclease or protein A. Another possibility is afforded by measuring the affinity of Staph. aureus for fibrinogen with a passive haemagglutination technique. The proposed test can detect 98.8% of Staph. aureus strains. The validity of the test described was confirmed by using strains in primary culture on inhibitory media and methicillin‐resistant strains. Under these conditions the test was more reliable than the coagulase test.
The role of oxygen in the microbial spoilage of luncheon meat cooked in a plastic casing
Authors: Bell R.G. , Lacy Karen M. De 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe shelf life at 25°C of chub‐packed luncheon meat was inversely related to oxygen (O2) availability within the casing. With fibrous casings that are freely permeable to O2, shelf life was less than 3 d. With plastic casings of low O2 permeability, the shelf life was 7 d when air was trapped in the emulsion during the casing filling process, 14 d when air was not trapped (normal vacuum‐stuffing) and greater than 28 d when vacuum‐stuffed chubs were stored in hydrogen (H2). The initial spoilage bacteria, Bacillus spp., grew only at the surface unless air was trapped in the emulsion when growth occurred throughout the luncheon meat. Bacillus spp. failed to grow on luncheon meat stored under H2. Oxygen availability within the casing determined both the site and rate of microbial spoilage of chub‐packed luncheon meat.
Enrichment of linear alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) degrading bacteria in continuous culture
Authors: Hršak D. , Bošnjak M. , Johanides V. 
Published: March 2008

AbsractEnrichment experiments were carried out in continuous‐flow units using a mineral medium with commercial linear alkylbenzenesulphonate (LAS) as the limiting carbon‐ and energy‐source. The mixed bacterial culture originating from the waste water of a detergent plant consisted of five strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and two strains each of the genera Achromobacter and Acinetobacter. The cultivation conditions corresponding to dilution rates of 0.025‐0.1 h‐1 and LAS concentrations of 20–50 mg/1 were examined. During the experiments the composition of mixed cultures and the kinetics of LAS biodegradation were followed. Continuous‐flow enrichment experiments resulted in the selection of six bacterial cultures with different compositions of individual species and capability to utilize LAS. From the original seven strains at lower dilution rates (0.025 and 0.05 h‐1) six were selected, excluding Pseudomonas sp. 3, while at the highest dilution rate (0.1/h‐1) five strains were selected after eliminating Pseudomonas sp. 5 and Achromobacter sp. 1. All enriched mixed cultures were more efficient in primary than in ultimate LAS degradation. Two of the culture strains were able to achieve primary LAS degradation (Pseudomonas sp. 1 in mineral medium with LAS as the sole carbon‐ and energy‐source and Acinetobacter sp. 3 in medium supplemented by yeast extract and nutrient broth).None of the strains could degrade LAS completely, which indicates that many types of interactions based on combined metabolic attack as well as those based on provision of specific nutrients, may exist between culture members during the complete LAS bio‐oxidation.
A note on the growth of Thiothrix in road drainage ditches
Authors: Jones J.G. , Jay F.M.S. , Hilton J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMacroscopic growth of Thiothrix‐has been observed in ditches which drained a road under which furnace slag and limestone had been used as hard core. Extremely high sulphide concentrations, pH and total ion concentrations in one ditch may have contributed to the absence of Thiothrix spp. at this site.
Cellulolytic bacteria in buffalo rumen
Authors: Sinha R.N. , Ranganathan B. 
Published: March 2008

The influence of three different feeds, wheat straw, sorghum and berseem, on total and cellulolytic bacterial counts in the buffalo rumen at different time intervals from 0 to 8 h after feeding was studied. Berseem feeding supported maximum growth of rumen bacteria in general and cellulolytic bacteria in particular. Wheat straw supported the poorest growth.The types of cellulolytic bacteria recovered from the rumen of adult buffaloes were Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Bacteroides succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium lochheadii, Cl. longisporum and other Clostridium spp. Cellulolytic cocci were present in smaller numbers than rod forms in the rumen of wheat‐straw‐fed buffaloes, whereas the cocci outnumbered rod forms in sorghum‐and berseem‐fed buffaloes.
Temperature and water activity minima for growth of spoilage moulds from meat
Authors: Lowry P.D. , Gill C.O. 
Published: March 2008

Lowry, P.D. & Gill, C.O. 1984. Temperature and water activity minima for growth of spoilage moulds from meat. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 193–199.Five species of fungi were isolated from mould spoilage on meat other than black spot. ‘White spot’ colonies yielded Chrysosporium pannorum or an Acremonium sp.; ‘whiskers’ colonies yielded Thamnidium elegans or Mucor racemosus, and blue‐green colonies yielded Penicillium corylophilum. Chrysosporium pannorum was moderately xerotolerant with a minimum growth temperature of — 5d̀C. The Acremonium sp. and P. corylophilum showed a similar level of xerotolerance but had a minimum growth temperature of — 2d̀C.Mucor racemosus was no more xerotolerant than many spoilage bacteria and did not grow below ‐ 1d̀C, but grew rapidly at 3d̀C and above. Thamnidium elegans grew at — 7d̀C on supercooled medium and an intrinsic minimum growth temperature of — 10d̀C was indicated. However, the low xerotolerance of this species precluded growth on frozen media below — 5d̀C. It seems therefore that — 5d̀C is the practical limiting temperature for mould growth on meat, and mould spoilage usually indicates that surfaces of freezer stored meats have approached and possibly exceeded 0d̀C.
Long‐term cultivation of certain rumen protozoa in a continuous fermentation system supplemented with sponge materials
Authors: Abe M. , Kurihara Y. 
Published: March 2008

Abe, M. & Kurihara, Y. 1984. Long‐term cultivation of certain rumen protozoa in a continuous fermentation system supplemented with sponge materials. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 201–213.Inert polyurethane‐sponge cubes were added to an ‘artificial rumen’ fermenter. With crushed barley as protozoal substrate this system maintained a population of Ento‐dinia in both substrate bags and sponge cubes for 64 d in numbers (1 times 106/ml) comparable with those found in vivo. This culture was more tolerant of variations in mechanical agitation and size and shape of substrate bags than a similar culture without the sponge cubes. The extent of protozoal sequestration, 2 h after feeding, on to the sponge cubes as well as on to acetone‐treated hay was evaluated. The bags of acetone‐treated hay and barley, and those of sponge cubes and barley could sequestrate the protozoa to the same extent as normal hay and barley. Based on the results of the short‐term experiments and those of the long‐term experiment with sponge cubes, a polyurethane‐sponge wall was added to the inside of the fermenter. This system maintained a varied protozoal population including large protozoa, holotrichs and Entodinia with a normal fermentation. The molar percentages of butyrate in the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) in each part of the fermenter with a sponge wall were higher than those in a fermenter without a sponge wall, suggesting that there was high protozoal activity related to the sponge wall. These results show that the introduction of the sponge wall to the fermenter produced an enlargement of the area for protozoal sequestration and a suitable micro‐habitat for the maintenance of Entodinia, large protozoa and holotrichs.
Detection of bacteriuria by bioluminescence: effect of pre‐analysis centrifugation of specimens
Authors: Nichols W.W. , Curtis G.D.W. , Johnston H.H. 
Published: March 2008

Nichols, W.W., Curtis, G.D.W. & Johnston, H.H. 1984. Detection of bacteriuria by bioluminescence: effect of pre‐analysis centrifugation of specimens. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 247–257.Three bioluminescence‐based, rapid methods of detecting significant bacteriuria were applied in parallel to 514 urine specimens. The results were compared with those of a quantitative pour plate viable count method, defined as positive if ≥ 105 c.f.u./ml of urine were observed. When adjusted to yield 21% falsely positive results the three rapid methods yielded 24%, 21% and 19% falsely negative results. If specimens with evidence of urethral or vaginal contamination were excluded (237 specimens remaining) the three methods yielded respectively 14%, 8% and 13% falsely negative results. A major source of disagreement between the bioluminescence‐based methods and quantitative culture thus appeared to be contaminated urine specimens.
The general utility of a glycerophosphate‐Tris buffered medium
Authors: Douglas J. , Dhillon J. , Smith S.E. 
Published: March 2008

Douglas, J., Dhillon, J. & Smith, S.E. 1984. The general utility of a glycerophosphate‐Tris buffered medium. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 321–326.An easily prepared medium, originally designed for the cultivation of lactic phages, has been found to have much wider application. Experience in its use over a ten year period with a range of physiologically diverse bacteria, for teaching and research, are summarized and evaluated.
A note on the presence of novel DNA species in the spoilage yeasts Zygosaecharomyces bailii and Pichia membranaefaciens
Authors: Painting K.A. , Kirsop Barbara 
Published: March 2008

Painting, K.A. & Kirsop, Barbara, 1984. A note on the presence of novel DNA species in the spoilage yeasts Zygosaecharomyces bailii and Pichia membranaefaciens. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 331–336.Two novel covalently closed circular DNA species of 5.4 and 6.0 kilobases were detected in strains of Zygosaecharomyces bailii with a rapid small scale isolation procedure. The 5.4 kb species was found in four strains and both species were found in three strains. A novel, covalently‐closed circular DNA species of 6.9 kb was detected in four of 12 strains of Pichia membranaefaciens. Plasmid DNA (2 μm) (that is CCC DNA of approximately 6 kb in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was detected in 38 of 40 strains of Sacch. cerevisiae confirming reports of the widespread distribution of this plasmid.
A note on the formation of microbial polysaccharide from wheat straw decomposed in the absence of soil
Authors: Chapman S.J. , Lynch J.M. 
Published: March 2008

Chapman, S.J. & Lynch, J.M. 1984. A note on the formation of microbial polysaccharide from wheat straw decomposed in the absence of soil. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 337–342.The proportions of neutral sugars in fresh and decomposed wheat straw polysaccharide were similar, irrespective of the oxygen concentration used during breakdown. Polysaccharide extracted by hot water from the decomposed straw was composed mainly of galactose, glucose and mannose with smaller quantities of arabinose, xylose, rhamnose, fucose and ribose. The presence of these sugars indicates a mainly microbial origin for the polysaccharide but with some soluble hemi‐cellulose breakdown products. The polysaccharide precipitable with 70% (v/v) ethanol accounted for 0.5% (w/w) of the degraded straw. The extracted polysaccharide was shown to increase the aggregate stability of Mount St Helens volcanic ash.
A rapid chemical spot test for the detection of lactic acid as an indicator of microbial spoilage in preserved foods
Authors: Ackland M.R. , Reeder Julia E. 
Published: March 2008

Ackland, M.R. & Reeder, J.E. 1984. A rapid chemical spot test for the detection of lactic acid as an indicator of microbial spoilage in preserved foods. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 415–419.A rapid method for the detection of lactic acid in preserved foods has been developed, based upon a chemical spot test which does not require solvent extraction or derivatisation of the lactic acid in the sample. The test can be completed within 5 min and was shown to confirm microbial spoilage detected by cultural techniques in a range of preserved foods. In addition the test was able to indicate microbial spoilage in samples where cultural techniques failed because the spoilage organisms were dead. The test may not be appropriate for products which have a naturally high lactic acid content.
A note on the effect of host specific fermented milk on the coliform population of the neonatal rat gut
Authors: Cole C.B. , Fuller R. 
Published: March 2008

Cole, C.B. & Fuller, R. 1984. A note on the effect of host specific fermented milk on the coliform population of the neonatal rat gut. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 495–498.An adhering strain of Lactobacillus salivarius isolated from the intestine of a rat was used to ferment cow's milk fortified with whey protein and threonine. When the fermented milk was used to dose baby rats orally for the first three days of life, the numbers of coliform organisms in the gut decreased significantly.
A note on the heterofermentative Lactobacillus isolated from kefir grains
Authors: Marshall Valerie M. , Cole Wendy M. , Farrow J.A.E. 
Published: March 2008

Marshall, V.M., Cole, W.M. & Farrow, J.A.E. 1984. A note on the heterofermentative Lactobacillus isolated from kefir grains. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 503–505.Heterofermentative lactobacilli have been isolated from kefir grains obtained from four different sources. A number of these isolates ferment only L‐arabinose and gluconate and are similar to the species ‘Lactobacillus desidiosus’. The DNA of these isolates, however, have 85–109% homology with ‘L. caucasicus’ NCDO 190 which is now regarded as L. kefir. The relationship between these strains is discussed.
The enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from sewage and natural waters
Authors: Allsop K. , Stickler D.J. 
Published: March 2008

Allsop K. & Stickler D. J. 1984. The enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from sewage and natural waters. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 15–24.A membrane filtration technique has been developed for the enumeration of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG) organisms from sewage and natural waters. The method uses the agar medium of Wilkins and Chalgren supplemented with gentamicin. penicillin, aesculin and ferric ammonium citrate. Membrane filters with 0.22 μm pores were significantly more efficient than those with 0.45 μm pores in the isolation of BFG. A preliminary incubation period of 4 h at 30d̀C prior to 44 h at 37d̀C yielded significantly higher numbers of BFG than direct incubation at 37d̀C for 48 h.