bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ultrasonographic characteristics of the gastroduodenal junction during pyloroplasty performed laparoscopically or via conventional abdominal surgery in dogs
Authors: Sánchez-Margallo Francisco M. , Soria-Gálvez Federico , Ezquerra-Calvo Luis J. , Usón-Gargallo Jesús 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of ultrasonography to detect morphologic changes in the pylorus during pyloroplasty performed laparoscopically or via conventional abdominal surgery in dogs.Animals—10 healthy mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Laparoscopic ultrasonography of the pylorus was performed in 5 dogs during laparoscopic pyloroplasty (LP), and ultrasonography of the pylorus was performed in 5 dogs during pyloroplasty via conventional abdominal surgery (CAP group). Appearance and dimensions of the pyloric sphincter were evaluated by use of a 7.5-MHz flexible laparoscopic linear-transducer probe.Results—Mean ± SD duration of the ultrasonographic procedure was 11 ± 3.04 minutes (range, 6 to 18 minutes). In the CAP group, cross-sectional views of the pylorus revealed significant differences between the overall transverse external diameter, overall craniocaudal external diameter, and transverse diameter of the pyloric lumen. After surgery, the pyloric area was significantly increased. Longitudinal views of the pylorus revealed that width of the pyloric ring was significantly less after surgery. Transverse views of the pylorus for the LP group revealed a significant increase in the transverse diameter and craniocaudal diameter of the pyloric lumen after LP. The pyloric area was also significantly increased after surgery. Longitudinal views of the pylorus revealed that width of the pyloric ring was significantly less after surgery. Transverse diameter of the pyloric lumen was significantly increased after LP.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of results of this study suggests that ultrasonography is useful for detecting relevant morphologic changes in the pyloric sphincter after pyloroplasty. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1099–1104)
Effects of monoamines formed in the cecum of horses on equine digital blood vessels and platelets
Authors: Elliott Jonathan , Berhane Yoel , Bailey Simon R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine in vitro vasoactive potency of monoamines formed in the cecum and found in the systemic circulation of horses.Sample Population—Segments of digital blood vessels obtained from 6 healthy mixed-breed horses and ponies euthanatized at an abattoir and platelets isolated from 4 healthy ponies.Procedure—Paired rings of digital artery and vein from the same horse were examined, and isometric tension was recorded. Concentration-response curves for tryptamine (TRP), tyramine (TYR), phenylethylamine (PEA), isoamylamine (IAA), and isobutylamine (IBA) were obtained. Vasoconstrictor mechanisms were investigated for TRP and TYR by the use of antagonists. Washed platelets loaded with [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were incubated with monoamines; the amount of radioactivity displaced after 30 minutes was estimated.Results—TRP, TYR, and PEA were potent constrictors of arteries and veins, with TRP and TYR being more potent in veins than arteries. Constrictions induced by TYR were inhibited by benextramine (α-antagonist) and nisoxetine (neuronal-uptake blocker), whereas TRP responses were inhibited by ketanserin (5-HT receptor antagonist). All 5 amines displaced 5-HT from platelets with the order of potency being TYR > TRP > PEA > IAA > IBA.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Amines from the equine cecum cause digital vasoconstriction. The most potent (TRP and TYR) cause selective venoconstriction. Tyrosine activates predominantly α-adrenoceptors through the release of neuronal norepinephrine, whereas TRP activates 5-HT receptors. All amines tested released 5-HT from platelets. Amines formed in the cecum and released into the systemic circulation warrant additional investigation as trigger factors for digital ischemia and subsequent laminitis. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1124–1131)
In vitro evaluation of biomechanical effects of multiple hemilaminectomies on the canine lumbar vertebral column
Authors: Corse Matthew R. , Renberg Walter C. , Friis E.A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To conduct an in vitro investigation of the biomechanical characteristics of the canine lumbar spinal column in flexion and extension and measure the destabilizing effects of multiple consecutive unilateral and bilateral hemilaminectomies.Sample Population—30 isolated multisegmental spinal units (L1-L4) from nonhypochondroplastic dogs weighing 15 to 30 kg.Procedure—Physically normal and surgically altered spinal specimens were subjected to 4-point bending in flexion and extension to determine effects of multiple consecutive hemilaminectomies on the basis of analysis of test system load-displacement data. Six groups with 5 spinal columns in each were defined on the basis of the following procedures: hemilaminectomy at L2-L3, 2 adjacent hemilaminectomies at L1- L3, 3 adjacent hemilaminectomies at L1-L4, bilateral hemilaminectomies at L2-L3, 2 bilateral hemilaminectomies at L1-L3, and no hemilaminectomy (intact). Spinal stability before and after surgery was determined in all groups. Each group served as its own control for nondestructive testing. Spinal strength was evaluated through destructive testing to determine deformation at failure, strength to failure, and mode of catastrophic failure. The intact group served as the control for destructive testing.Results—Stability in extreme flexion and extreme extension did not change significantly following any hemilaminectomy procedure. Postoperative stability within the neutral zone was significantly decreased in all groups. Range of motion within the neutral zone was not significantly different from the intact condition in any group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Multiple hemilaminectomies did not decrease stiffness of the lumbar spinal column during flexion and extension. These results support clinical recommendations regarding multiple consecutive hemilaminectomies in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1139–1145)
Evaluation of iohexol clearance used to estimate glomerular filtration rate in clinically normal foals
Authors: Gonda Kathleen C. , Wilcke Jeff R. , Crisman Mark V. , Ward Daniel L. , Robertson John L. , Finco Delmar R. , Braselton W. Emmett 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether pharmacokinetic analysis of data derived from a single IV dose of iohexol could be used to predict creatinine clearance and evaluate simplified methods for predicting serum clearance of iohexol with data derived from 2 or 3 blood samples in clinically normal foals.Animals—10 healthy foals.Procedure—Serum disposition of iohexol and exogenous creatinine clearance was determined simultaneously in each foal (5 males and 5 females). A 3-compartment model of iohexol serum disposition was selected via standard methods. Iohexol clearance calculated from the model was compared with creatinine clearance. Separate limited-sample models were created with various combinations of sample times from the terminal slope of the plasma versus time profile for iohexol. Correction factors were determined for the limited-sample models, and iohexol clearance calculated via each method was compared with exogenous creatinine clearance by use of method comparison techniques.Results—Mean exogenous creatinine clearance was 2.17 mL/min/kg. The disposition of iohexol was best described by a 3-compartment open model. Mean clearance value for iohexol was 2.15 mL/min/kg and was not significantly different from mean creatinine clearance. A method for predicting serum iohexol clearance based on a 2-sample protocol (3- and 4-hour samples) was developed.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Iohexol clearance can be used to predict exogenous creatinine clearance and can be determined from 2 blood samples taken after IV injection of iohexol. Appropriate correction factors for adult horses and horses with abnormal glomerular filtration rate need to be determined. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1486–1490)
Use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay in the antemortem diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in the central nervous system of cats and dogs
Authors: Schatzberg Scott J. , Haley Nicholas J. , Barr Stephen C. , deLahunta Alexander , Olby Natasha , Munana Karen , Sharp Nicholas J. H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection ofToxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumDNA in canine and feline biological samples.Sample Population—Biological samples from 7 cats with systemic (n = 4) or CNS (3) toxoplasmosis, 6 dogs with neospora- or toxoplasma-associated encephalitis, and 11 animals with nonprotozoal disease.Procedure—Primers forT gondii, N caninum, and the canine ferritin gene (dogs) or feline histone 3.3 gene (cats) were combined in a single PCR assay. The DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded brain tissue, CSF, or skeletal muscle. The PCR products with positive results were cloned, and sequence identity was confirmed.Results—Of 7 cats and 4 dogs with immunohistochemical or serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis, PCR results were positive for all cats and 3 dogs forT gondii, and positive forT gondiiandN caninumfor 1 dog. Another dog had negative PCR results for both parasites. Of 2 dogs with immunohistochemical or serologic evidence of neosporosis, PCR results were positive for 1 forN caninumand positive for the other forT gondii. All negative-control samples yielded negative results forT gondiiandN caninumon the PCR assay.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Standard tests for toxoplasmosis or neosporosis associated with the CNS rely on serologic, histologic, or immunohistochemical analysis and can be difficult to interpret. The multiplex PCR assay with built-in control reactions could be a complementary clinical tool for the antemortem diagnosis of toxoplasmosis or neosporosis associated with the CNS. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1507–1513)
Evaluation of serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and insulin-like growth factor I associated with treadmill exercise in young horses
Authors: Jackson Brendan F. , Goodship Allen E. , Eastell Richard , Price Joanna S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate changes in serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) associated with treadmill exercise in young horses.Animals—12 two-year-old Thoroughbred mares.Procedure—During a 20-week study period, 6 horses were exercised on a treadmill 3 times a week (exercise group) and 6 horses received walking exercise 6 days a week (controls). Serum concentrations or activity of biochemical markers and IGF-I were assessed biweekly. Bone mineral density and content of the first phalanx were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbiometry (DEXA) on completion of the study.Results—Compared with values in controls, bone mineral density and content were higher and serum concentrations of osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (a marker of bone resorption; ICTP) were lower in exercised horses. Serum concentration and activity of the bone formation markers carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were not different between the 2 groups. Serum IGF-I concentration was lower in the exercise group, compared with control values; there was a significant correlation between change in IGF-I values and changes in osteocalcin, ICTP, and BAP values at the end of the study.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treadmill exercise over 20 weeks induced adaptive changes in bones of 2-year-old Thoroughbreds; training appears to increase bone mineral density, thereby enhancing mechanical strength of bone, but decreases bone turnover. Results indicated an association between changes in serum IGF-I concentration and bone cell activity in horses. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1549–1556)
Effects of hydrochloric, acetic, butyric, and propionic acids on pathogenesis of ulcers in the nonglandular portion of the stomach of horses
Authors: Nadeau Jenifer A. , Andrews Frank M. , Patton Clark S. , Argenzio Robert A. , Mathew Alan G. , Saxton Arnold M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers by comparing injury to the nonglandular gastric mucosa of horses caused by hydrochloric acid (HCl) or volatile fatty acids (VFAs).Sample Population—Gastric tissues from 30 horses.Procedure—Nonglandular gastric mucosa was studied by use of Ussing chambers. Short-circuit current (Isc) and potential difference were measured and electrical resistance calculated for tissues after addition of HCl and VFAs to normal Ringer's solution (NRS). Tissues were examined histologically.Results—Mucosa exposed to HCl in NRS (pH, 1.5) had a significant decrease in Isc, compared with Isc for mucosa exposed to NRS at pH 4.0 or 7.0. Also, exposure to 60mM acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (pH, 4.0 or 1.5) caused an immediate significant decrease in Isc. Recovery of sodium transport was detected only in samples exposed to acetic acid at pH 4.0. Recovery of sodium transport was not seen in other mucosal samples exposed to VFAs at pH ≤ 4.0.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Acetic, butyric, and propionic acids and, to a lesser extent, HCl caused decreases in mucosal barrier function of the nonglandular portion of the equine stomach. Because of their lipid solubility at pH ≤ 4.0, undissociated VFAs penetrate cells in the nonglandular gastric mucosa, which causes acidification of cellular contents, inhibition of sodium transport, and cellular swelling. Results indicate that HCl alone or in combination with VFAs at gastric pH ≤ 4.0 may be important in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcers in the nonglandular portion of the stomach of horses. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:404–412)
Evaluation of relationships between pretreatment patient variables and duration of isolation for radioiodine-treated hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Weichselbaum Ralph C. , Feeney Daniel A. , Jessen Carl R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine relationships between commonly measured pretreatment variables and duration of isolation for unrestricted dismissal after oral administration of iodine 131 (131I) for treatment of hyperthyroidism in cats.Animals—149 hyperthyroid cats treated with131I.Procedure—A dose of131I (2.9 to 6.04 mCi [1.07 to 2.23 × 108Bq]) was administered orally to all cats after hyperthyroidism was confirmed by evaluation of serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations. Forward stepwise regression analysis was used to determine whether pretreatment total T4concentration, serum creatinine concentration, body weight, age,131I dose, or concurrent administration of cardiac medication (specifically excluding thyroid suppression drugs) could be used as pretreatment predictors of duration of isolation in a clinical setting. Gamma radiation emission rate at dismissal was < 2.0 mR/h at skin surface over the thyroid region.Results—Mean ± SD duration of isolation was 16.67 ± 4.42 days (95% confidence interval, 9.2 to 24.1 days). The regression equation for duration of isolation calculated on the basis of dose of131I (duration of isolation [days] = 3.2 + [2.66 × mCi –131I dose]) yielded a regression line with a 95% confidence interval of ± 3.3 days; only 15% of the variation was explained.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A pretreatment estimate for duration of isolation could be determined only from an equation based on the orally administered dose of131I. These findings suggest that administration of the lowest efficacious dose possible is the dominant factor in reduction of duration of isolation for cats treated with131I. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:425–427)
Characterization of the diversity of Haemophilus parasuis field isolates by use of serotyping and genotyping
Authors: Oliveira Simone , Blackall P. J. , Pijoan Carlos 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the genetic diversity ofHaemophilus parasuisfield isolates with regard to serovar, herd of origin, and site of isolation.Sample population—Isolates ofH parasuisobtained from pigs in 15 North American herds and multi-farm systems.Procedure—98H parasuisisolates were genotyped with the enterobacterial repetitive intergeneic consensus based-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique and serotyped via agar gel precipitation test. Genomic fingerprints were analyzed and dendrograms were constructed to identify strains from the same serovar group, herd of origin, or isolation site and to evaluate the genetic variability within these categories.Results—Serovar 4 (39%) and nontypeable (NT) isolates (27%) were most prevalent. Thirty-four distinct strains were identified among the 98 isolates, using a 90% similarity cutoff. Strains from serovar 4 and NT isolates had high genetic diversity (12 and 18 strains, respectively). One to 3 major clusters of prevalent strains could be identified in most of the evaluated herds.Haemophilus parasuisstrains isolated from the upper respiratory tract were either serovar 3 or NT isolates. Potentially virulent strains (isolated from systemic sites) were either serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, or 14, or NT isolates.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—AlthoughH parasuishad high genetic diversity overall, only a few strains caused disease in these herds. The ERIC-PCR technique was more discriminative than serotyping, and a broad genetic variety was observed within particular serovar groups. (Am J Vet Res2003; 64:435–442)
Effect of one-lung ventilation on oxygen delivery in anesthetized dogs with an open thoracic cavity
Authors: Kudnig Simon T. , Monnet Eric , Riquelme Miriam , Gaynor James S. , Corliss Denise , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of one-lung ventilation on oxygen delivery in anesthetized dogs with an open thoracic cavity.Animals—8 clinically normal adult Walker Hound dogs.Procedure—Each dog was anesthetized and subjected to one-lung ventilation during a period when it had an open thoracic cavity. A Swan-Ganz catheter was used to measure hemodynamic variables and obtain mixed-venous blood samples. A catheter was inserted in the dorsal pedal artery to measure arterial pressure and obtain arterial blood samples. Oxygen delivery index was calculated and used to assess effects of one-lung ventilation on cardiopulmonary function. Effects on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were analyzed.Results—One-lung ventilation caused significant decreases in PaO2, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), mixed-venous oxygen saturation, and arterial oxygen content (CaO2). One-lung ventilation caused significant increases in PaCO2, physiologic dead space, and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. Changes in SaO2, CaO2, and PaCO2, although significantly different, were not considered to be of clinical importance. One-lung ventilation induced a significant increase in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and shunt fraction. One-lung ventilation did not have a significant effect on cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, and oxygen delivery index.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—One-lung ventilation affected gas exchange and hemodynamic function, although oxygen delivery in clinically normal dogs was not affected during a period with an open thoracic cavity. One-lung ventilation can be used safely in healthy dogs with an open thoracic cavity during surgery. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:443–448)
Association of enteric shedding of bovine torovirus (Breda virus) and other enteropathogens with diarrhea in veal calves
Authors: Hoet Armando E. , Smiley Jeffrey , Thomas Christopher , Nielsen Paul R. , Wittum Thomas E. , Saif Linda J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence, fecal shedding pattern, and association of bovine torovirus (BoTV) with diarrhea in veal calves at time of arrival and periodically throughout the first 35 days after their arrival on a veal farm.Animals—62 veal calves.Procedure—Fecal samples collected on days 0, 4, 14, and 35 after arrival were tested for BoTV by use of ELISA and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Paired serum samples obtained from blood collected on days 0 and 35 were analyzed for BoTV antibodies with a hemagglutination inhibition assay. Fecal samples were also screened for other enteric pathogens, including rotavirus, coronavirus, andCryptosporidiumspp.Results—Fecal shedding of BoTV was detected in 15 of 62 (24%) calves by use of ELISA and RT-PCR assay, with peak shedding on day 4. A significant independent association between BoTV shedding and diarrhea was observed. In addition, calves shedding ≥ 2 enteric pathogens were more likely to have diarrhea than calves shedding ≤ 1 pathogen. Calves that were seronegative or had low antibody titers against BoTV (≤ 1:10 hemagglutination inhibition units) at arrival seroconverted to BoTV (> 4-fold increase in titer); these calves were more likely to shed virus than calves that were seropositive against BoTV at arrival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Shedding of BoTV was strongly associated with diarrhea in neonatal veal calves during the first week after arrival at the farm. These data provide evidence that BoTV is an important pathogen of neonatal veal calves. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:485–490)
Comparative bioavailability of fluoxetine after transdermal and oral administration to healthy cats
Authors: Ciribassi John , Luescher Andrew , Pasloske Kirby S. , Robertson-Plouch Carol , Zimmerman Alan , Kaloostian-Whittymore Liane 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and safety for transdermal (TD) and oral administration of fluoxetine hydrochloride to healthy cats.Animals—12 healthy mixed-breed sexually intact 1- to 4-year-old purpose-bred cats.Procedure—A single-dose pharmacokinetic study involving 3 groups of 4 cats each was conducted in parallel. Fluoxetine in a formulation of pluronic lecithin organogel (PLO gel) was applied to the hairless portion of the pinnae of cats at 2 dosages (5 or 10 mg/kg), or it was administered orally in capsules at a dosage of 1 mg/kg. Plasma samples were obtained and submitted for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry- mass spectrometry analysis of fluoxetine and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine.Results—Peak fluoxetine concentration (Cmax) was lower and time to Cmaxlonger for TD administration versus oral administration. Relative bioavailability of each dose administered via the TD route was 10% of the value for oral administration of the drug. Mean plasma elimination half-life after oral administration was 47 and 55 hours for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This study provides evidence that fluoxetine in a 15% (wt:vol) PLO gel formulation can be absorbed through the skin of cats into the systemic circulation. However, the relative bioavailability for TD administration is approximately only 10% of that for the oral route of administration. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:994–998)