bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adapting to and Managing Diabetes
Authors: Paterson Barbara L. , Thorne Sally , Dewis Marilyn 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To advance understanding of the lived experience of diabetes as described in published research and theses. Meta‐analysis extends the analysis of individual research studies beyond individual experience to incorporate dominant system beliefs and health system ideologies.Organizing Framework: Curtin and Lubkin's (1990) conceptualization of the experience of chronic illness.Sources: Forty‐three qualitative interpretive research reports in six computerized data bases 1980–1996 pertaining to the lived experience of diabetes and published in nursing, in the social sciences, and in allied health journals were used.Methods: Meta‐ethnography in which trustworthiness was achieved by using multiple researchers, identifying negative or disconfirming cases, and testing rival hypotheses Findings: Balance is the determinant metaphor of the experience of diabetes. People learn to balance diabetes through their experience and experimentation with strategies for managing their illness.Conclusions: Learning to balance is a developmental process in which one learns to assume control of diabetes management. Support for such development requires that nurses know their clients as individuals and value the expertise they have gained in living with diabetes. Control of blood sugar levels within a prescribed range may be a goal established by professionals, but the goal of healthy balance determines a person's willingness to assume an active role in self‐care.
Conceptualization and Measurement of Doing Family Caregiving Well
Authors: Schumacher Karen L. , Stewart Barbara J. , Archbold Patricia G. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To review progress in the conceptualization and measurement of five concepts related to doing family caregiving well: caregiving mastery, self‐efficacy, competence, preparedness, and quality. Families are increasingly involved in providing complex care to ill or aged family members at home. Their ability to do caregiving well is vitally important and a focus of nursing practice in many clinical settings.Organizing framework: Concepts were organized into two groups: those that refer to caregivers' perceptions of how well they are providing care and those that refer to professional assessment of the quality of care provided.Sources: Family caregiving literature from nursing, gerontology, psychology, and social work, 1987–1996.Findings: There is growing interest in doing family caregiving well. However, research in this area is limited by the current state of development of ideas and measures.Conclusions: Two issues that should be addressed to advance research are the perspective taken on doing caregiving well and change over time in doing caregiving well.
Nursing Model of Hospitalization Events
Authors: Smith Amy Rex 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To provide a model of hospitalization events from a nursing perspective. Hospitalization has become an event of highly technical care coupled with intense nursing care requirements. This proposed model is needed to support clinical nursing research among hospitalized patients.Scope: Hospitalization occupying space and time as a discrete event on the health‐illness continuum. First developed to provide a framework for a descriptive study, the model shows the factors involved in hospitalization and provides a framework for understanding the nursing care that occurs. Selected results from descriptive research that used patients hospitalized with AIDS as subjects are reported as an example of use of the model.Conclusions: Research about hospitalization events continues to be critical for the advancement of clinical nursing. This model is presented to provide a conceptual framework for future research.
Racial and Gender Differences in Quality of life Following Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Johnson Cheryl D. , Wicks Mona N. , Milstead Jean , Hartwig Mary , Hathaway Donna K. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To determine if race or gender affected changes in quality of life (QoL) reported by nondiabetic kidney transplant recipients from pre‐ to 6 and 72 months post‐transplant and offer possible explanations. Information gained may offer direction for interventions de signed to enhance post‐transplant QoL for patients who may be less likely to attain im proved outcomes.Design: Descriptive, prospective clinical study. A convenience sample of 90 male and female Caucasian‐American and African‐American patients was used. Patients were 79 to 67 years of age, nondiabetic, and undergoing kidney transplantation at one university hospital located in the southern United States. Data were collected 7990 to 7995.Methods: Three questionnaires measuring QoL were used: the Sickness Impact Profile, Ferrans and Powers' Quality of Life Index, and the Adult Self‐Image Scales. Patients completed questionnaires at the time of transplant and at their routine 6– and 12‐month post‐transplant evaluation visits. Repeated measures analysis of variance with multiple pre‐planned comparisons of least‐squares (LS) means were performed to determine if differences existed between and within study groups over time.Findings: African‐Americans achieved less improvement than Caucasian‐Americans in affective as well as functional measures of QoL. Women scored consistently lower than men on most QoL measures at baseline and reported greater improvement in functional ability while perceptions of self‐image remained low.Conclusions: Although transplantation dramatically improves QoL, some segments of the patient population, namely African‐Americans and women, do not benefit to the same extent as others. Nurses need to recognize sociocultural differences in patients and how these differences affect care requirements.
Postpartum Onset of Panic Disorder
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe the experience of panic disorder in mothers during the postpartum period. The onset of panic disorder during the postpartum period has recently been reported. Clinicians are urged to differentiate between the more widely known presentation of postpartum depression and the newly reported postpartum panic disorder.Design: Phenomenology. The purposive sample consisted of six women with panic disorder during the postpartum period.Methods: In 1995, mothers were interviewed regarding their experiences with panic. The verbatim transcripts of these interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. In all, 214 statements regarding mothers' experiences of panic were extracted and clustered into six themes.Findings: Panic‐ during the postpartum period seriously comlicated mothers' lives as they struggled to maintain their composure during panic attacks. As a result of recurring panic attacks, negative changes in women's lifestyles ensued stripping them of their self‐esteem and leaving them to bear the burden of disappointing not only themselves, but also their families.Clinical Implications: Implications for nursing practice with mothers suffering from postpartum onset of panic disorder can be derived from each one of the six themes. Nurses can help women identify panic triggers to help prevent further panic attacks. Also, nursing interventions can target the guilt mothers experience over repeatedly dissapointing themselves and their families.
Expert Nursing Knowledge in the Care of Patients at Risk of Impaired Swallowing
Authors: McHale Jeanne M. , Phipps Marion A. , Horvath Kathy , Schmelz Joseph 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe the practical knowledge of expert nurses when they assess and feed patients at risk of impaired swallowing. Observation uncovered a lack of well‐developed nursing practices in assessing patients' swallowing and eating, and a wide range of inter ventions in the care of difficult‐to‐feed‐patients. Finding little previous nursing research to guide practice for patients with impaired swallowing, the authors undertook a study to identify and describe the knowledge embedded in the everyday practice of nurses.Design: Descriptive, exploratory using purposive sampling. Twelve nurses were identified in 1994 as expert in the care of patients at risk of impaired swallowing in one Boston, Massachusetts teaching hospital.Methods: Data were collected using written narratives by each participant; group interviews in which nurses discussed the written narratives; nonparticipant observations and individual interviews of the expert nurses; and patients' chart review. Data were analyzed using interpretive phenomenology.Findings: Most nurses in the study did not perform a complete assessment of swallowing before feeding their patients. Yet, through feeding patients, they were able to describe several components of the swaliowing assessment used in their practice.Conclusions: The areas of assessment described by the nurses can serve as a template for the development of educational content and assessment tools for swallowing.
Staying Healthy in Immigrant Pakistani Families Living in the United States
Authors: Jan Rafat , Smith Carol A. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To determine the meaning of “staying healthy” as experienced by immigrant Pakistani families living in the United States.Design: Phenomenological, interpretive using a convenience, purposive sample, in 1994, of members of four Pakistani immigrant families in one Midwestern U.S. city.Method: Heideggerian interpretive analysis applied to verbatim Urdu translated to English text by four researchers.Findings: The relational themes found were: feeling understood, maintaining spiritual peace, keeping family and neighbor support, longing for the former way of being, and knowing how. Achieving wholeness was found to be the constitutive pattern. Participants viewed health as a dynamic experience of “being on the right path”.Conclusions: Acceptance of care interventions depends on congruence with one's sense o what is “right”—spiritually as well as physically. Viewing health and illness as unitary and planning care once the meaning people assign to health and illness is clearly understood is important for clinical practice.
Research Instrumentation and Elderly Subjects
Authors: Burnside Irene , Preski Sally , Hertz Judith E. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To address instrumentation problems in conducting research with elderly subjects.Scope: The needs of older adults are considered with regard to instrument selection. Techniques for pretesting instruments are provided through illustrations from research reports and instrument development. Types of instruments are evaluated for use with older adults and methods for strengthening their applicability are provided.Significance: Instrument development is sorely needed in gerontological research. Many of the instruments currently used to study elderly subjects lack adequate testing for applicability with old and very old populations. Knowledge about instrumentation can help researchers choose appropriate instruments for elderly subjects and strive to balance subject capacity and the demands of research.Conclusions: Four factors for consideration in selecting research instruments for use with older adults include subject (a) fatigue, (b) anxiety, (c) ethnic background, and (d) education. These factors are not adequately addressed in the current literature. Certain types of instruments may be more useful than others in studying the elderly.
Vulnerability as a Key to Authenticity
Authors: Daniel Linda E. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: Vulnerability is explored as a human trait that gives nurses an opportunity to engage in authentic nursing. Vulnerability in both nurse and patient is necessary for the practice of nursing with caring as its basic premise.Organizing Framework: Philosophic discourse.Scope: Vulnerability is explored in terms of its traditional connotation and existential meaning.Conclusions: To be authentic, nurses must be aware of their own vulnerability, recognize themselves in others, and be willing to enter into mutual vulnerability. If nurses deny the opportunity to be vulnerable, they deny the opportunity to participate in humanness and are more likely to dehumanize others.
Clinical Validation of Ineffective Breathing Pattern, Ineffective Airway Clearance, and Impaired Gas Exchange
Authors: Carlson‐Catalano Judy , Lunney Margaret , Paradiso Catherine , Bruno Joan , Luke Barbara Kraynyak , Martin Teri , Massoni Margaret , Pachter Susan 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe the clinical validation of symptoms or defining characteristics of three respiratory diagnoses. The contributing factors or etiologies of the diagnoses were identified and the degree of importance of 30 nursing interventions, 15 direct care and 15 teaching, was rated for each diagnosis and each patient. Three nursing diagnoses—ineffective breathing pattern (IBP), ineffective airway clearance (IAC), and impaired gas exchange (ICE)—were among the most frequently used, yet no reported clinical studies validated the defining characteristics of these diagnoses. This study answers the research questions: What are the defining characteristics of IBP, IAC, and ICE? What are the etiologies of IBF IAC, and IGE? What are the most important interventions for IBF, IAC, and IGE?Design: Standardized clinical validation using a convenience sample of 76 people hospitalized with medical and surgical diagnoses, in one U.S. city and identified as having one of the three diagnoses. Data were collected in 1992–1993.Methods: A literature‐based concept analysis generated 37 possible defining characteristics for the three diagnoses which were included in the instrument. The nurse experts conducted a health history and physical examination of each patient and decided (a) whether the 37 defining characteristics were present or absent, (b) the degree of importance of each possible defining characteristic for making one or more of the diagnoses, (c) the etiologies, and (d) which of the 30 nursing interventions were important for each diagnosis and patient.Findings: For each diagnosis, many of the 37 possible defining characteristics were judged as present but few reached the criterion of.50 as important for making one of the diagnoses. Two of the possible defining characteristics reached this criterion for IBP, seven for IAC, and two for IGE. In contrast to the defining characteristics approved by NANDA, the subjective cues of “expresses fatigue” and “expresses anxiety” were judged as important for making one or more of the diagnoses.Conclusions: Clinical validation methods allow discriminating among defining characteristics. Data that are present are not necessarily characteristic of a diagnosis, and the subjective cues of expresses fatigue or anxiety may be important for making these diagnoses.
Insights of Nurses about Assault in Hospital‐based Emergency Departments
Authors: Levin Pamela F. , Hewitt Jeanne Beauchamp , Misner Susan Terry 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To explore contributing factors, consequences, and solutions to the assault of nurses working in U.S. hospital emergency departments. This preliminary study targeted emergency nurses whose risk for assault was significantly greater than many other workers. Exploring nurses' opinions about factors they believe contribute to assault provides important information for designing acceptable preventive measures.Design: In this descriptive study, an ecological, occupational‐health framework was used which integrates personal, organizational, and societal influences. The six components of the framework were personal factors, workplace factors, environmental factors, assault injuries, solutions, and effects of workplace violence.Method: Four focus groups were used comprised of 22 RNs employed in emergency departments in one large metropolitan area in the United States. Half the nurses had been physically assaulted at work.Findings: Fourteen themes emerged: nurse attitude, vulnerability, security, administrative issues, assault reporting, safety training, beyond control, societal changes, types of patients, geographic location, pervasiveness of anger, previous assault experiences, effects, and possible solutions. Personal, workplace, and environmental factors all contribute to assault. Verbal and physical assaults are common and affect nurses' personal and professional lives.Conclusions: Assault‐related injuries are preventable. Only physical injuries are treated; all employees who have been verbally or physically assaulted should be referred for post‐incident debriefing. Hospital managers should implement violence‐prevention programs. The ecological, occupational health framework is useful for identifying factors that contribute to assault.
Comparison of Continuing Care Communication
Authors: Anderson Mary Ann , Helms Lelia B. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To describe and compare the patient‐care communication exchanged between personnel in hospitals and nursing homes (NHs) and hospitals and home health agencies (HHAs) in referrals of elderly patients using an adaptation of classic communication theory. Little research on patient‐care communication across organizational settings has been reported. This study offers baseline information about inter‐organizational communication and insight into barriers to patient care communication.Design: A retrospective, descriptive study using a convenience sample of 455 medical records of referrals to NHs and 300 to HHAs.Methods: Medical records were audited and a Referraf Data inventory (with established reliability and validity) was completed for each of the records reviewed. Data were collected between January and June 1995.Findings: Greater amounts of referral data were transferred to NHs, than to HHAs. Patient information was composed largely of background and medical data, followed by some nursing care data and limited psychosocial data. Hospitals employed more formal channels of communication in referring patients to NHs than to HHAs, and communicated information more promptly. Some organizational factors related to both the referring hospitals and receiving organizations resulted in discrepancies in patient‐care communication.Conclusions: Continuity of patient care involves a series of coordinating linkages across time, settings, providers, and consumers of health care. Communication is a core task in coordinating patient care. increased and improved inter‐organizational communication is needed when patients are discharged to nursing homes or home health agencies.
Change in the Word Symbol for Nurse in Korea
Authors: Cho Ho Soon Michelle , Kashka Maisie Schmidt 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To analyze the 7987 change in the written symbol for the word “nurse” in Korea, engendered by Mo Im Kim.Design: Descriptive historical and narrative analysis.Methods: Data were collected from documents in four libraries 7992–7996 in Seoul, Korea and Dallas, Texas. Kim and 20 of her friends, colleagues, and associates were interviewed. Findings from the interviews were compared with historical nursing documents and letters.Findings: Kim's work with her colleagues and their joint endeavors resulted in a change in nursing's status and responsibilities through an alteration of the Korean symbol for nursing. The symbol change resulted in the definition of nursing moving from that of manual laborer to that of teacher or professional.Conclusions: Changing the symbol for nurse reflected the shift in nursing's responsibilities and caused a legal change in the official civil service classification of nurse. This, in turn, has changed the status of nursing and led to more professional practice.
Plato, Nightingale, and Contemporary Nursing
Authors: LeVasseur Jeanne 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To explore the influence of Plato's ideal of leadership on Nightingale's vision for nursing. Nightingale left her imprint on nursing; greater understanding of Nightingale's legacy clarifies several contemporary problems in the field.Organizing Framework: Qualitative, historical research in which the great person framework is used to focus on Nightingale and Plato. Nightingale's familiarity with Plato, whose work she read in the original Greek, is established.Sources: Evidence for Platonic influence is uncovered in primary sources, then inductive reasoning and reflective analysis are used.Findings: Nightingale's conception of nursing is akin to Plato's conception of public service. Platonic education aims to turn talented people into leading citizens who care for the good of the community. Modern nursing did not evolve from a craft guild tradition, as did medicine. This profound difference in the constitution of nursing is part of what distinguishes it.Conclusions: Reminiscent of Plato's “Republic,” Nightingale's legacy leaves a guardian‐like stamp on nursing. Although this legacy also leaves nursing with some ambiguities about technical training and hierarchical systems, it is an orientation to the general good that provides the basis for nursing's holism.
Use of Immigration Policy to Manage Nursing Shortages
Authors: Glaessel‐Brown Eleanor E. 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: To examine long‐term implications of using temporary, nonimmigrant nurse programs to manage fluctuations in the demand for registered nurses.Organizing Framework: This discussion is located in the full context of migration—reviewing theories and concepts of labor migration—referring to experience with guest‐worker programs worldwide, outlining recent nursing shortages in the United States, describing the Immigration Nursing Relief Act (INRA), and raising questions for nurses in the United States and in the global marketplace.Sources: Review of scholarly literature on international migration, existing studies on nurse migration to the United States, and original research, conducted between 1992 and 1994, for the Immigration Nursing Relief Advisory Committee (INRAC) Report.Methods: Policy analysis of theories, concepts, and perspectives related to nurse migration.Findings: In the United States, highly skilled foreign nurses tend to complement rather than displace local labor. Yet recruiting foreign‐educated nurses for entry‐level jobs perpetuates patterns of dependency in the sending country and delays creative solutions to staff development in the host country. Nonimmigrant status creates a vulnerable workforce. There may be a disparity between the ideal of nurse migration as collaborative exchange and the reality of institutionalized occupational migration networks.Conclusions: While foreign nurse recruitment might solve short‐term needs, repetitive temporary nurse migration programs create long‐term consequences that are not in the best interests of the profession. The absence of consistent policy creates an opportunity for nursing to take an active role in developing the rules and direction of future nurse migration.
Nursing Manpower Development and Strategic Planning in Greece
Authors: Plati Chryssanthi , Lemonidou Chryssoula , Katostaras Theofanis , Mantas John , Lanara Vassiliki 
Published: October 2007

Purpose: A national study to register all working nursing personnel and nursing students; to estimate the nursing needs of the Greek population beyond the year 2000; to design a nursing resource master plan for the nursing needs of Greece.Design: first, a questionnaire was distributed to register all nursing personnel. Second, required personnel were estimated according to the population of each of the country's regions. Third, a master plan for developing nursing personnel to the year 2010 was developed.Results: The number of nursing personnel was found to be 35,715 which included 11,497 RNs and health visitors, 22,318 assistant nurses, 1,900 midwives. The number of students was 9,252. The majority of nursing personnel work in areas with the highest population. The need for nursing personnel was estimated to be 62,000:36,300 RNs, 21,700 assistant nurses and 4,000 midwives.Conclusions: There is a serious shortage of RNs in the Greek health services resulting in a downgrading of nursing care quality.