bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The self‐concept of adolescents with cleft lip and palate: a pilot study using a multidimensional/hierarchical measurement instrument
Authors: GUSSY M. , KILPATRICK N. 
Published: June 2006

Summary.  Objective.  To pilot the use of a multidimensional/hierarchical measurement instrument called the self‐description questionnaire II to determine whether specific areas of self‐concept in a group of adolescents with cleft lip and palate would be affected by their condition when compared with a normative sample.Participants and design.  The self‐concept of 23 adolescents with a cleft of the lip and palate was compared to an Australian normative sample.Setting.  Adolescents attending the dental department of a paediatric hospital in Australia.Main outcome measure.  The main outcome measure was a self‐report questionnaire (102 items) with 10 domain‐specific scales and a global measure of general self‐concept.Results.  When compared to the normative data the study group showed significant differences in 4 of the 11 domain‐specific scales: Parent Relations (P < 0·001), Physical Abilities (P < 0·001), Opposite‐Sex Relations (P < 0·01) and Physical Appearance (P < 0·01) self‐concepts. These differences were in a positive direction. Global self‐concept as measured by the General Self scale was not significantly different from the normative sample.Conclusion.  These results suggest that adolescents with clefts of the lip and palate have normative if not better self‐concept than their peers. The study also suggests that having a cleft of the lip and palate has specific rather than broad associations with psychosocial adjustment. This justifies the use of instruments designed to assess specific areas of self‐concept rather than more global measures.
Phylogeography and post‐glacial colonization patterns of the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum (Teleostei: Percidae)
Authors: Ray Jeffery M. , Wood Robert M. , Simons Andrew M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim  To examine the effects of historical climate change and drainage isolation on the distribution of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b genetic variation within the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum (Percidae: Etheostomatinae).Location  Eastern North American streams including tributaries to the Mississippi River, Great Lakes, Potomac River and Hudson Bay drainages.Methods  Parsimony analyses, Bayesian analyses and haplotype networks of mitochondrial DNA sequences.Results  Four major clades were recovered from sampled populations of E. caeruleum. Three of four clades are distributed in the western portion of the species’ range (primarily west of the Mississippi River). Samples from this region do not form a monophyletic group, and sequences often vary greatly between samples from adjacent stream systems (up to 7.2% divergence). A basal clade includes samples from the White River system in the Ozark Highlands. The northern Ozarks–upper Midwest clade includes samples from Missouri River tributaries and the upper Midwest (Hudson Bay, upper Mississippi River, and western Lake Michigan drainage). The eastern clade is composed of individuals from the Ohio River, Great Lakes and Potomac River. The Mississippi River corridor clade includes samples from middle and lower Mississippi River tributaries.Main conclusions  The four major clades of E. caeruleum are deep allopatric lineages with well‐defined boundaries and have additional phylogeographical structure within each clade. The Ozark Highlands have the greatest levels of diversity relative to distributional area, with marked cytochrome b subdivisions between adjacent stream systems. Samples from previously glaciated areas do not have a subset of the cytochrome b diversity found in unglaciated areas, but four separate source areas are identified based on phylogenetic analyses. Dispersal into previously glaciated areas followed several known glacial outlets and, based on sequence divergence between populations, may have occurred during different glacial or interglacial stages. The disjunct distribution and cytochrome b pattern of E. caeruleum in the Mississippi River corridor clade is consistent with late Pleistocene and Recent changes in the course and characteristics of the middle and lower Mississippi River. Phylogeographical boundaries between clades of E. caeruleum correspond to independent sources of biogeographical information and provide insight into historical stream drainage relationships, post‐glacial colonization and drainage isolation patterns.
Genetic diversity and gene flow between the wild olive (oleaster, Olea europaea L.) and the olive: several Plio‐Pleistocene refuge zones in the Mediterranean basin suggested by simple sequence repeats analysis
Authors: Breton Catherine , Tersac Michel , Bervillé André 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim  The oleaster is believed to have originated in the eastern Mediterranean, implying that those in the western Mediterranean basin could be feral. Several studies with different molecular markers (isozymes, random amplified polymorphic DNA, amplified fragment length polymorphism) have shown a cline between the eastern and the western populations, which supports this hypothesis. To reconstruct the post‐glacial colonization history and establish a relationship between olive and oleaster populations in the Mediterranean basin, analyses were carried out on the genetic variation of chloroplast DNA (chlorotype) and at 12 unlinked simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, sampling a total of 20 oleaster groves.Location  This is the first known large‐scale molecular study of SSR loci based on samples of both oleasters and cultivars from the entire Mediterranean basin.Methods  Samples were taken from 166 oleasters in 20 groves of modern populations, and 40 cultivars to represent molecular diversity in the cultivated olive. The Bayesian method and admixture analysis were used to construct the ancestral populations (RPOP; reconstructed panmictic oleaster populations) and to estimate the proportion of each RPOP in each tree. If one tree can be assigned to two or more RPOPs, it can be regarded as a product of hybridization between trees from different populations (i.e. admix origin).Results  On this first examination of the SSR genetic diversity in the olive and oleaster, it was found to be structured in seven RPOPs in both eastern and western populations. Based on different population genetic methods, it was shown that: (1) oleasters are equally present in the eastern and the western Mediterranean, (2) are native, and (3) are not derived from cultivars. Chlorotypes (one and three in the eastern and western Mediterranean, respectively) revealed fruit displacement for the oleasters.Main conclusions  Oleaster genetic diversity is divided into seven regions that could overlay glacial refuges. The gradient, or cline, of genetic diversity revealed by chloroplast and SSR molecular markers was explained by oleaster recolonization of the Mediterranean basin from refuges after the last glacial event, located in both eastern and western regions. It is likely that gene flow has occurred in oleasters mediated by cultivars spread by human migration or through trade. Animals may have helped spread oleasters locally, but humans have probably transported olives but not oleaster fruits over long distances. We found that cultivars may have originated in several RPOPs, and thus, some may have a more complex origin than expected initially.
The island rule and the evolution of body size in the deep sea
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Boyer Alison G. , Rosenberg Gary 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAim  Our goal is to test the generality of the island rule – a graded trend from gigantism in small‐bodied species to dwarfism in large‐bodied species – in the deep sea, a non‐insular but potentially analogous system.Location  Shallow‐water and deep‐sea benthic habitats in the western Atlantic Ocean from the North to South Poles.Methods  We conducted regression analyses of body size of deep‐sea gastropods species relative to their shallow‐water congeners using measurements from the Malacolog ver. 3.3.3 database.Results  Our results indicate that, consistent with the island rule, gastropod genera with small‐bodied, shallow‐water species have significantly larger deep‐sea representatives, while the opposite is true for genera that are large‐bodied in shallow water. Bathymetric body size clines within the deep sea are also consistent with predictions based on the island rule.Main conclusions  Like islands, the deep sea is characterized by low absolute food availability, leading us to hypothesize that the island rule is a result of selection on body size in a resource‐constrained environment. The body size of deep‐sea species tends to converge on an optimal size for their particular ecological strategy and habitat.
Effect of Antigenic Stimulation on the Enzymatic Activity of Mouse Peritoneal and Spleen Cells
Authors: KOTULOVÁ DANIELA , RHODES JOAN M. 
Published: June 2006

Changes in cathepsin and acid phosphatase activities in peritoneal exudate (PE) cells of mice after antigenic stimulation were investigated.The increase of enzymatic activity in PE cells was dose dependent, with a maximum activity for phosphatase at 2‐3 days after injection and for cathepsin 3–5 days after injection.Particulate antigens, sheep red blood cells, and E. coli bacteria increased the phosphatase and cathepsin activities of PE cells to a greater extent than soluble antigens.There were only slight changes in the enzymatic activity of spleen cells after antigenic stimulation, and these changes did not correlate with those in the PE cells.The results are discussed in relation to the processing of antigen in the immune response.
Solubilization of Species‐Specific Antigens and Murine Alloantigens by Pulsed High Frequency Sonic Energy
Authors: SVEHAG S.‐E. , SCHILLING W. 
Published: June 2006

Membrane‐associated species‐specific antigens (monkey) and alloantigens (mouse) were solubilized by pulsed high frequency sonic energy. 15 to 25% of the total antigenicity of the donor cells was recovered. The product was highly water‐soluble, essentially protein, and stable during extensive ultrafiltration or storage for one year. Gel filtration and electron microscopic analyses of soluble species‐specific antigen suggested molecular heterogeneity with a major active component in the 50,000 molecular weight region. Soluble antigen was effectively bound to immunoadsorhents but only 10 to 15% was desorbed in active form.Murine alloantigen was purified 20 to 25 times, the soluble preparations contained approximately 500 ID50/ml or 1ID50/25–30 μg protein, and the specificity ratio was 20 to 40. Extraction of murine cells with 3M KC1 yielded substantially lower soluble antigen activity. Solubilized murine alloantigen showed activity in both in vitro and in vivo tests.
Localization in Mouse Lymphoid Tissue of Receptors for Immunoglobulin
Authors: THUNOLD S. , TØNDER O. , WIIG J. N. 
Published: June 2006

Cryostat sections of mouse spleen and lymph nodes adsorbed sheep erythrocytes coated with rabbit or mouse IgG antibody. The reaction was mediated by the Fe part of the immunoglobulin molecule. Haemadsorption was inhibited by mouse IgG and antigen‐antibody complexes. Complement was not required.Sensitized erythrocytes failed to bind to thymus and to the thymus dependent areas of the peripheral lymphoid tissue. Results of Inhibition experiments with rabbit anti‐mouse lymphocyte serum and anti‐Θ serum further suggested that binding of sensitized erythrocytes to lymphoid tissue sections can be used as a marker for B lymphocytes.
Antibodies to Cell Organoids in the Sera of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients and of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Authors: UTSUMI K. R. , YOSHIDA T. O. , SEKIKAWA M. , KLEIN G. 
Published: June 2006

The antinuclear antibody of nasopharyngeal cancer patients, of Taiwan and African origin, was examined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique on various target cells: human embryonic cells, FL cells, Chang's liver cell, HeLa cells, L cells, Chinese hamster kidney cells, and rat embryonic kidney cells. Sera of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, of Japanese origin, were also examined on the same cell lines for comparison with those of nasopharyngeal cancer patients.According to the various patterns of fluorescence observed, sera of nasopharyngeal cancer patients were supposed to contain several kinds of antibody to cell organoid(s), alone or in combination: nucleus, nucleolus, spindle fibers, substance(s) related to the spindle fibers, centriole, and the Golgi complex. None of these antibodies yielded fluorescence of chromosomes of meta‐phasic cells. Instead, speckled fluorescence observed in the interphase nucleus seemed to migrate into the cytoplasm at metaphase.Nuclear rim stain with a serum of systemic lupus erythematosus in the interphase nuclei seemed to be preserved in the rim stain of chromosomes at metaphase.
Receptors for Immunoglobulin Fc in Human Malignant Tissues
Authors: TøNDER O. , THUNOLD S. 
Published: June 2006

Cryostat sections of 10 malignant human tumours of various types strongly adsorbed erythrocytes sensitized with IgG antibodies Normal spleen and lymph nodes showed medium Strong and thymus weak reactions. The receptors in tissue have affinity for the Fc‐portion of Ig, and (phospho)lipids are common consituents.An antiserum to a lymphoma inhibited receptor activity of all tissues. Spleen and tumour tissue removed this inhibiting activity.Tentatively, the malignant tissue seems to carry membrane receptor(s) similar in nature to receptor(s) on B lymphocytes.
Inhibition of In Vitro Immune Responses by a Fraction from Seminal Plasma
Authors: PRAKASH C. , COUTINHO A. , MÖLLER G. 
Published: June 2006

We studied the inhibitory effects of a fraction of bovine seminal plasma on in vitro lymphocyte responses to specific and nonspecific ligands. Seminal plasma was fractionated by Sephadex G‐100 chromatography, and the inhibitory component was found to have a molecular weight of above 100,000 daltons. This fraction was devoid of lymphocytotoxity and could inhibit, in a dose‐dependent mode, both the primary antibody response of normal mouse spleen cells to the thymus‐dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes and the one‐way mixed lymphocyte reactions. Concanavalin A‐induced proliferate T‐cell responses were also inhibited by the same fraction. The inhibition of the T‐lymphocyte responses to Con A was complete at suboptimal concentrations of the mitogen and could only partially be overcome at supraoptimal concentrations. Four other fractions in seminal plasma were also studied in this particular system, three being without effect and one being stimulatory. The inhibitory fraction was also found to inhibit the polyclonal B‐cell responses induced by fetal calf serum. The importance of the present findings for the immunophysiology of reproduction are discussed.G. Möller, Division of Immunobiology, Karolinska Institute, Wallenberglaboratory, Lilla Freskati, 104 03 Stockholm 50, Sweden
Structure, Function, and Biosynthesis of the Major Human Histocompatibility Antigens (HLA‐A and HLA‐B)
Authors: Krangel M. S. , Orr H. T. , Strominger J. L. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryIn summary, the complete primary structure of one HLA antigen (HLA‐B7) has now been determined, and sufficient information is available about other HLA‐A and ‐B and H‐2 molecules to begin to assess the location of the variable regions within these molecules. It is these regions of the molecules which have evolved to give rise to the extensive polymorphism in human populations, and they most likely define functionally important regions of the molecule. Thus, this information may help us to elucidate the natural biological function of these molecules, as, for example, in the recognition of allogeneic or virally infected syngeneic cells by cytotoxic T cells. Some functional studies, using purified HLA‐A and ‐B antigens inserted in liposomes, have been initiated, and studies of the biosynthesis of these antigens are of great interest in their own right. Further, using cDNA probes, they are being extended to permit us ultimately to underScand the organization of the genes on the sixth human chromosome which encode HLA‐A and ‐B antigens. Finally, such probes may permit the rapid accumulation of sequence information, which would allow us to underScand more completely the structure of these extremely important cell surface molecules.
The 5936 Ig‐Idiotype(s): Genetic Linkage to Ig‐CH Loci, T‐Cell Dependence of Synthesis and Possible Specificities
Authors: SUZAN M. , BONED A. , LIEBERKIND J. , VALSTED F. , RUBIN B. 
Published: June 2006

5936‐idiotype(s) are defined by a rabbit antiserum which was obtained by immunizing a mouse‐immunoglobulin(MIg)‐tolerant rabbit 5936 with B6 anti‐CBA Ig from a single B6 mouse. These idiotypes were found on IgG1 molecules in sera from B6 mice immunized with cells carrying the IAk alloantigen, and they were associated with B6 Ig allotypes (Igh‐1b). The particular interest of this idiotypic system is that antiserum 5936 also detects idiotypes (Id) on B6‐T cells immunized in vitro with IAk alloantigen, and such T‐cell Id were found to be associated with Ig allotypes. We attempted to show that the 5936‐Id on Ig molecules were linked to Igh‐1b allotypes by backcross analysis. In addition, it was investigated whether the 5936‐Id response was a T‐cell‐dependent response, and, if so, whether there was any restriction in this T‐B cell collaboration. Finally, we continued our studies on the specificity of 5936‐Id+ Ig molecules.The present experiments show that 5936‐Id are linked to Igh‐1b allotypes and that the quantity of 5936‐Id produced appears to be regulated by Ir genes in the H‐2 complex. The synthesis of 5936‐Id is T‐cell dependent, and only lgh‐1b allotype compatible T cells would collaborate with 5936‐Id+ B‐cell precursors. 5936‐Id+ Ig molecules appeared not to have specificity against eco‐ and xenotropic viruses. However, monoclonal antibodies produced from B6‐T‐cell‐reconstituted B6 nude mice may carry 5936‐Id and have specificity for B6‐T‐cell membrane molecules.The relevance of these findings to the question of whether or not T and B cells display identical idiotypes are discussed.
Dominant T‐Cell Receptor β‐Chain Gene Rearrangements Indicate Clonal Expansion in the Rheumatoid Joint
Authors: MILTENBURG A. M. M. , VAN LAAR J. M. , DAHA M. R. , DE VRIES R. R. P. , VAN DEN ELSEN P. J. , BREEDVELD F. C. 
Published: June 2006

Miltenburg, A.M.M., van Laar, J.M., Daha, M.R., de Vries, R.R.P., van den Elsen, P.J. & Breedveld, F.C. Dominant T‐Cell Receptor β‐Chain Gene Rearrangements Indicate Clonal Expansion in the Rheumatoid Joint. Scand. J. Immunol. 31, 121‐125, 1990T‐cell receptor (TcR) β and δ gene rearrangements were studied in anti‐CD3 expanded T‐cell populations cultured from the synovial membrane (SM) (n=5) or synovial fluid (SF) (n=2) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Dominant TcR β‐chain gene rearrangements to Cβ1 were demonstrated in all the patients tested and 1‐3 expanded clones per patient were found. Clonal rearrangements to Cβ2 were detected in one SM sample (two clones) and one SF sample (one clone). The TcR δ gene was deleted in all the samples tested. We conclude that clonal dominance may be present, either using the Cβ1 or Cβ2 gene segment.
Comparison of Biological and Immunological Activities of Human Monocyte‐Derived Interleukin 1β and Human Recombinant Interleukin 1β
Authors: MØLVIG J. , HANSEN B. SEHESTED , WORSAAE H. , HEJNAES K. R. , HELLE M. , DALBØGE H. , NERUP J. 
Published: June 2006

Recombinant human interleukin 1β (rhIL‐1β) and supernatants of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides‐stimulated human monocyte (Mo) cultures, containing native human IL‐lβ (nhIL‐1β), demonstrate significant differences when tested in the mouse co‐stimulatory thymocyte (lymphocyte activating factor [LAF]) assay. The aims of the present study were to investigate this characteristic difference between rhIL‐1β and Mo culture supernatants (Mo supernatants), and to compare the biological and the immunological activity of preparations of rhlL‐lβ and nhlL‐1β during each step of an identical purification procedure. The biological activity of rhIL‐1β/nhIL‐lβ preparations was characterized by the use of the LAF assay and the rat islet insulin release assay. An IL‐1β enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established in order to compare the biological and immunological responses of the IL‐lβ preparations.We report that the significant difference between rhIL‐lβ and supernatants of Mo cultures, which was only demonstrable in the LAF assay, is due to the presence of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in the Mo supernatants. We describe a simple cation exchange chromatography separating nhlL‐lβ and lL‐6 of Mo supernatants. The highly purified rhIL‐β possessing the correct amino‐terminal sequence and nhIL‐lβ have identical biological and immunological activities demonstrating a specific biological activity (SBA) of 3x102 U/ng IL‐lβ, Thus, we have no indications of secondary or tertiary structural differences between rhIL‐1β and purified nhIL‐lβ.In contrast, both in the LAF assay and in the rat islet insulin release assay the SBA of anaminoextended rhIL‐lβ form, Met‐Glu‐Ala‐Glu‐rhIL‐lβ, was only 1‐2% of the SBA of rhIL‐lβ, suggesting that structural changes were introduced into the molecule by the amino‐terminal extension. In the present study we have demonstrated that systematic combined testing of IL‐lβ preparations in two different biological assays and an immunological assay is useful for the characterization and comparison of the activity of recombinant and native IL‐1β preparations purified by the use of exactly the same procedures.
Lack of the G2m(n) Allotype in IgG Subclass Deficiency, in IgG2 Deficiency Together with Lack of G1m(a) and G3m(g), and in IgG3 Deficiency Together with Lack of G1m(f) and G3m(b)
Authors: OXELIUS V.A. 
Published: June 2006

Lack of G2m(n) was demonstrated in both IgG2‐deficient and IgG3‐deficient Caucasian patients. Lack of G2m(n) or G2m(″,″) was found together with homozygosity for both Glm and G3m allotypes as the dominant finding, i.e. for IgG2‐deficient patients together with Glm (f,f) and G3m(b,b), constituting the Gm(f,″,b) phenotype, and for IgG3‐deficient patients together with Glm(a,a) and G3m(g,g), constituting the Gm(a,″,g) phenotype. The group with IgG2 deficiency and the selected patients with the Gm(f,″,b) phenotype expressed characteristically very low or undetectable IgG4, significantly increased IgG3, and normal IgGl. The group with IgG3 deficiency and the selected patients with the phenotype Gm(a,″,g) expressed instead normal IgG4 and nearly normal IgG2 and IgGl levels. The lack of G2m(n) together with lack of one or the other of the alternative Glm genes and corresponding G3m genes give different IgG2 levels and different IgG subclass patterns.The frequency of Glm allotypes and corresponding G3m allotypes also deviated significantly when the IgG2 deficiency and IgG3 deficiency groups were compared with each other. Most IgG subclass‐deficient patients are homozygous in the Gm system and lack genetic variants in the three IgG subclasses, IgGl, IgG2, and IgG3.