bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governance without Opposition: The Case of the European Union
Authors: Neunreither Karlheinz 
Published: March 2007

IT IS NOT EASY TO CHARACTERIZE THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AS A political system. The main comprehensive approaches have at least partly failed, and we have to admit that the EU is neither completely neo-functional, nor intergovernmental, nor pre-federal. We may call it sui generis, but this does not carry us very far.On the other hand, we continue to apply in our analyses of the EU notions which originated in classical national democratic systems. This is true not only for the structures – above all the institutions – but for the processes as well. To add to our dilemma, recent studies on policy-making show us that the EU is far less homogeneous than one might imagine and that there are substantial differences from one policy area to another. But even if the EU is mainly a negotiating system, an authority which is clearly responsible for its outcomes should nevertheless exist. In a classical parliamentary system the government and the parliamentary majority fulfil this function. The minority may mainly oppose the majority and press for alternative solutions, or it may use its influence for reaching a compromise; it is generally agreed that a structured opposition is a constituent part of a democratic political system.
Pharmacokinetics of Levetiracetam during Pregnancy, Delivery, in the Neonatal Period, and Lactation
Authors: Tomson Torbjörn , Palm Ragnar , Källén Kristina , Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Söderfeldt Birgitta , Danielsson Bo , Johansson Rune , Luef Gerhard , Öhman Inger 
Published: March 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To study pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam (LEV) during pregnancy, delivery, lactation, and in the neonatal period. Methods: Fourteen women with epilepsy receiving LEV treatment during pregnancy and lactation contributed with 15 pregnancies to this prospective study in which LEV concentrations in plasma and breast milk were determined. Trough maternal plasma samples were collected each trimester, and at baseline after delivery. Blood samples were obtained at delivery from mothers, from the umbilical cord, and from newborns during 2 days after delivery. LEV concentration was also determined in breast milk and in plasma collected from 11 of the mothers and their suckling infants after birth. Results: The umbilical cord/maternal plasma concentration ratios ranged from 0.56–2.0 (mean 1.15, n = 13). LEV plasma concentrations in the neonates declined with an estimated half‐life of 18 h (n = 13). The mean milk/maternal plasma concentration ratio was 1.05 (range, 0.78–1.55, n = 11). The infant dose of LEV was estimated to 2.4 mg/kg/day, equivalent to 7.9% of the weight‐normalized maternal dose. Plasma concentrations in breastfed were approximately 13% of the mother's plasma levels. Maternal plasma concentrations during third trimester were only 40% of baseline concentrations outside pregnancy (p < 0.001, n = 7) Conclusions: Our observations suggest considerable transplacental transport of LEV and fairly slow elimination in the neonate. Plasma concentrations of LEV in nursed infants are low despite an extensive transfer of LEV into breast milk. Pregnancy appears to enhance the elimination of LEV resulting in marked decline in plasma concentration, which suggests that therapeutic monitoring may be of value.
Mixed signals: stimulus‐response compatibility and car indicator light configuration
Authors: Bayliss Andrew P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe amber indicator lights on cars are designed to enable road users to efficiently predict the driver's next manoeuvre. Among other factors (e.g. luminance), the spatial configuration of these lights facilitates their interpretation (e.g. the right indicator flashes for right turns). However, several modern models of car confound this relationship by placing indicators medially relative to the headlights. Hence, the left indicator is placed to the right of the left headlight, for example. In two computer‐based experiments, the object‐based incompatibility that arises from this latter configuration resulted in slower, more erroneous responses to the indicated direction than for the standard configuration. These data act as a reminder to car designers that indicators, which are inherently a safety feature, should be designed with how fluently they can be processed by the human visual system in mind and not just for aesthetic appeal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative thermal degradation studies on glycolide/trimethylene carbonate and lactide/trimethylene carbonate copolymers
Authors: Franco L. , Bedorin S. , Puiggalí J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThermal degradation of the glycolide/trimethylene carbonate copolymer used for bioabsorbable surgical sutures (Maxon™) has been studied by isothermal and nonisothermal methods. Thermal decomposition always follows a single mechanism, although some differences have been found between the two performed analyses. Degradation of the sample has also been compared in both an inert (N2) and an oxidative (air) atmosphere. In all cases, the activation energy is close to 115–119 kJ/mol. A lactide/trimethylene carbonate copolymer (PLAC/PTMC) with a similar molar content of trimethylene carbonyl units to that of the indicated suture has been synthesized and characterized. Differences in the monomer reactivities have allowed to obtain a copolymer with blocky distribution of lactidyl units. Thermal decomposition of PLAC/PTMC takes place in two steps, the first one corresponding to a preferential loss of lactidyl units. Nonisothermal isoconversional methods were used to obtain the kinetic parameters of each degradation step. The complete kinetic triplets of the two studied copolymers have been determined by the Coats–Redfern and the invariant kinetic parameters (IKP) methodologies and the results were compared. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3539–3553, 2007
Li80Ba39N9: The First Li/Ba Subnitride.
Authors: Smetana Volodymyr , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Vajenine Grigori V. , Simon Arndt 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Disordered Cerium(IV) Phosphate with a Tunnel Structure, K4CeZr(PO4)4.
Authors: Ogorodnyk Ivan V. , Zatovsky Igor V. , Baumer Vyacheslav N. , Slobodyanik Nikolay S. , Shishkin Oleg V. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spin Dimer Analysis of the Magnetic Structures of Ba3Cr2O8, Ba3Mn2O8, Na4FeO4, and Ba2CoO4 with a Three‐Dimensional Network of Isolated MO4 (M: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) Tetrahedra.
Authors: Koo Hyun‐Joo , Lee Kwang‐Soon , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Ternary Imide — Li2Ca(NH)2.
Authors: Wu Guotao , Xiong Zhitao , Liu Tao , Liu Yongfeng , Hu Jianjiang , Chen Ping , Feng Yuanping , Wee Andrew T. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the New Ternary Barium Halide Hydrides Ba2H3X (X: Cl or Br).
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Molstad Jay C. , Levy Scott , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure, Raman Spectroscopy, and ab initio Calculations of a New Bialkali Alanate K2LiAlH6.
Authors: Roennebro Ewa , Majzoub Eric H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polyoxometalate (W/Mo) Compounds Connected via Lanthanide Cations with a Three‐Dimensional Framework, H2{[K(H2O)2]2 [Ln(H2O)5] 2(H2M12O42)} ×nH2O: Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Zhang Xiutang , Wang Daqi , Dou Jianmin , Yan Shishen , Yao Xinxin , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structure of Nickel‐Containing Cuboidal Clusters Derived from [W3Se4(H2O)9]4+. Site‐Differentiated Substitution at the Nickel Site in the Series [W3NiQ4(H2O)10]4+ (Q: S, Se).
Authors: Hernandez‐Molina Rita , Sokolov Maxim N. , Clausen Maria , Clegg William 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amberlite IRA900N3 as a New Catalyst for the Azidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Castrica Luca , Fringuelli Francesco , Gregoli Luisa , Pizzo Ferdinando , Vaccaro Luigi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile and Clean Direct Cyanation of Heteroaromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Morimoto Koji , Takenaga Naoko , Maruyama Akinobu , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cleavage of Alkoxycarbonyl Protecting Groups from Carbamates by t‐BuNH2.
Authors: Suarez‐Castillo Oscar R. , Montiel‐Ortega Luis Alberto , Melendez‐Rodriquez Myriam , Sanchez‐Zavala Maricruz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild Deprotection of Primary N‐(p‐Toluenesulfonyl) Amides with SmI2 Following Trifluoroacetylation.
Authors: Moussa Ziad , Romo Daniel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient and Selective Synthesis of Conjugated Triynes and Higher Oligoynes of Biological and Materials Chemical Interest via Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynyl—Alkenyl Coupling.
Authors: Metay Estelle , Hu Qian , Negishi Ei‐ichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Modular Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Medium‐Sized Carbocycles and Lactones via Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Sulfoximine‐Substituted Trienes.
Authors: Lejkowski Michal , Gais Hans‐Joachim , Banerjee Prabal , Vermeeren Cornelia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isomerization of 4‐Amino‐6,7‐diphenylbicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Seebacher Werner , Saf Robert , Brun Reto , Kaiser Marcel , Weis Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Immobilization of Copper in Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Materials: A Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Ullmann Diaryl Etherification.
Authors: Miao Tao , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Activation of Arenes. Part 21. Reaction of Products of Two‐Electron Reduction of Arenecarbonitriles by Alkali Metals in Liquid Ammonia with Bromo‐ and Dibromoalkanes.
Authors: Vaganova T. A. , Panteleeva E. V. , Yuferov P. S. , Rebitva Yu. V. , Shteingarts V. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles: Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Internal Alkynes and 2‐Amino‐3‐iodoacrylate Derivatives.
Authors: Crawley Matthew L. , Goljer Igor , Jenkins Douglas J. , Mehlmann John F. , Nogle Lisa , Dooley Rebecca , Mahaney Paige E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave Assisted One Pot Synthesis of New Bis‐Imidazolyl Indoles.
Authors: Agarwal Anu , Porwal Sharad , Chauhan Prem M. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of α‐Alkoxycarbonylnitrones with Vinyl Ethers and Allyl Alcohols in the Presence of Eu(fod)3: Selective Activation of (Z)‐Isomers of the Nitrones.
Authors: Tamura Osamu , et al. et al. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SmI2‐Induced Reductive Cyclization of (E)‐ and (Z)‐β‐Alkoxyvinyl Sulfones with Aldehyde.
Authors: Kimura Tomohiro , Nakata Tadashi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Spirocyclic Pyrido[1,2‐a]indole Derivatives from 3‐(2‐Bromoethyl)indole.
Authors: Jiao Jingliang , Zhang Yang , Flowers Robert A. II 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Access to Quinazolines from Simple Anilines.
Authors: Chilin Adriana , Marzaro Giovanni , Zanatta Samuele , Barbieri Vera , Pastorini Giovanni , Manzini Paolo , Guiotto Adriano 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2,3′‐Dihydroxycanthaxanthin (I), a New Carotenoid with a 2‐Hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐β‐end Group from the Hermit Crab, Paralithodes brevipes.
Authors: Maoka Takashi , Akimoto Naoshige 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Constituents of the Leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) and Their Cytotoxic Activity.
Authors: Fukuda Mamoru , Ohkoshi Emika , Makino Mitsuko , Fujimoto Yasuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Limonoid from the Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.
Authors: Teng Jie , Yang Xiu‐Wei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure Determination of Inonotsuoxides A (Ia) and B (Ib) and in vivo Antitumor Promoting Activity of Inotodiol (II) from the Sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus.
Authors: Nakata Tomoko , Yamada Takeshi , Taji Sayaka , Ohishi Hirofumi , Wada Shun‐ichi , Tokuka Harukuni , Sakuma Kazuo , Tanaka Reiko 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Granulatoside A, a Starfish Steroid Glycoside, Enhances PC12 Cell Neuritogenesis Induced by Nerve Growth Factor Through an Activation of MAP Kinase.
Authors: Qi Jianhua , Han Chunguang , Sasayama Yumi , Nakahara Hiroko , Shibata Takahiro , Uchida Koji , Ojika Makoto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Callipeltins J—M: Antifungal Peptides from the Marine Sponge Latrunculia sp.
Authors: D'Auria Maria Valeria , Sepe Valentina , D'Orsi Rosa , Bellotta Filomena , Debitus Cecile , Zampella Angela 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iodine‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Diamination of Glycals with Chloramine‐T: A New Approach to 2‐Amino‐β‐glycosylamines for Applications in N‐Glycopeptide Synthesis.
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Ramesh Namakkal G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Yaequinolones, New Insecticidal Antibiotics Produced by Penicillium sp. FKI‐2140. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activity.
Authors: Uchida Ryuji , Imasato Rie , Yamaguchi Yuichi , Masuma Rokuro , Shiomi Kazuro , Tomoda Hiroshi , Omura Satoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bayesian Interpretation of a Distance Function for Navigating High‐Dimensional Descriptor Spaces.
Authors: Vogt Martin , Godden Jeffrey W. , Bajorath Juergen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Scaffold Tree — Visualization of the Scaffold Universe by Hierarchical Scaffold Classification.
Authors: Schuffenhauer Ansgar , Ertl Peter , Roggo Silvio , Wetzel Stefan , Koch Marcus A. , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Classification of Highly Unbalanced CYP450 Data of Drugs Using Cost Sensitive Machine Learning Techniques.
Authors: Eitrich T. , Kless A. , Druska C. , Meyer W. , Grotendorst J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Metal Thio‐ and Selenocarboxylates: Precursors for Metal Sulfide/Selenide Materials, Thin Films, and Nanocrystals
Authors: Vittal Jagadese J. , Ng Meng Tack 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Mediated P‐C/X Exchange at Bound Phosphine Ligands (X: Aryl, Alkyl, NR2, OR and F): Scope and Mechanisms
Authors: Macgregor Stuart A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advances Towards the Development of ATP‐Competitive Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of the Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Receptor (IGF‐IR)
Authors: Hubbard Robert D. , Wilsbacher Julie L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oligosaccharide Synthesis and Library Assembly by One‐Pot Sequential Glycosylation Strategy
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Zhang Li‐He , Ye Xin‐Shan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase Transitions and Azeotropic Properties of the Acetic Acid—n‐Propanol—Water—n‐Propyl Acetate System
Authors: Toikka Alexander , Toikka Maria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Finite difference computation of the dynamic motion of cylindrical shells including the effect of rotatory inertia and transverse shear
Authors: Emery A. F. , Cupps F. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of finite difference computations for the dynamic motion of cylindrical shells, including transverse shear and rotatory inertia, has been assessed by comparison with Fourier series solutions. The finite difference models were based upon either the differential equations or upon control volume concepts, with the results of the latter being less sensitive to mesh size and in better agreement with the Fourier series results. A frequency analysis of all of the finite difference algorithms and the Fourier series demonstrated that for shells with clamped ends the finite difference spectra had a very considerable gap which closed slowly as the mesh size decreased, with the spectra being most complete for the best algorithm. A new algorithm was based upon these spectra and is shown to yield good results while permitting increases in the computational speed by the factor of mesh size/shell thickness.