bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved retinoblastoma protein-binding motif in human cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase minimally impacts viral replication but affects susceptibility to maribavir
Authors: Gill Rachel B , Frederick Samuel L , Hartline Caroll B , Chou Sunwen , Prichard Mark N 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The UL97 kinase has been shown to phosphorylate and inactivate the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and has three consensus Rb-binding motifs that might contribute to this activity. Recombinant viruses containing mutations in the Rb-binding motifs generally replicated well in human foreskin fibroblasts with only a slight delay in replication kinetics. Their susceptibility to the specific UL97 kinase inhibitor, maribavir, was also examined. Mutation of the amino terminal motif, which is involved in the inactivation of Rb, also renders the virus hypersensitive to the drug and suggests that the motif may play a role in its mechanism of action.
Global transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the deletion of SDH3
Authors: Cimini Donatella , Patil Kiran R , Schiraldi Chiara , Nielsen Jens 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Background
Mitochondrial respiration is an important and widely conserved cellular function in eukaryotic cells. The succinate dehydrogenase complex (Sdhp) plays an important role in respiration as it connects the mitochondrial respiratory chain to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle where it catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate. Cellular response to the Sdhp dysfunction (i.e. impaired respiration) thus has important implications not only for biotechnological applications but also for understanding cellular physiology underlying metabolic diseases such as diabetes. We therefore explored the physiological and transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the deletion of SDH3, that codes for an essential subunit of the Sdhp.

Results
Although the Sdhp has no direct role in transcriptional regulation and the flux through the corresponding reaction under the studied conditions is very low, deletion of SDH3 resulted in significant changes in the expression of several genes involved in various cellular processes ranging from metabolism to the cell-cycle. By using various bioinformatics tools we explored the organization of these transcriptional changes in the metabolic and other cellular functional interaction networks.

Conclusion
Our results show that the transcriptional regulatory response resulting from the impaired respiratory function is linked to several different parts of the metabolism, including fatty acid and sterol metabolism.
Synthesis and Activity of Dafachronic Acid Ligands for the C. elegans DAF-12 Nuclear Hormone Receptor
Authors: Sharma Kamalesh K. , Wang Zhu , Motola Daniel L. , Cummins Carolyn L. , Mangelsdorf David J. , Auchus Richard J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 from Caenorhabditis elegans is activated by dafachronic acids, which derive from sterols upon oxidation by DAF-9, a cytochrome P450. DAF-12 activation is a critical checkpoint in C. elegans for acquisition of reproductive competence and for entry into adulthood rather than dauer diapause. Previous studies implicated the (25S)-Δ7-dafachronic acid isomer as the most potent compound, but the (25S)-Δ4-isomer was also identified as an activator of DAF-12. To explore the tolerance of DAF-12 for structural variations in the ligand and to enable further studies requiring large amounts of ligands for DAF-12 and homologs in other nematodes, we synthesized (25R)- and (25S)-isomers of five dafachronic acids differing in A/B-ring configurations. Both the (25S)- and (25R)-Δ7-dafachronic acids are potent transcriptional activators in a Gal4-transactivation assay using HEK-293 cells, with EC50 values of 23 and 33 nm, respectively, as are (25S)- and (25R)-Δ4-dafachronic acids, with EC50 values of 23 and 66 nm, respectively. The (25S)- and (25R)-Δ5-isomers were much less potent, with EC50 values approaching 1000 nm, and saturated 5α- and 5β-dafachronic acids showed mostly intermediate potencies. Rescue assays using daf- 9-null mutants confirmed the results from transactivation experiments, but this in vivo assay accentuated the greater potencies of the (25S)-epimers, particularly for the (25S)-Δ7-isomer. We conclude that DAF-12 accommodates a large range of structural variation in ligand geometry, but (25S)-Δ7-dafachronic acid is the most potent and probably biologically relevant isomer. Potency derives more from the A/B-ring configuration than from the stereochemistry at C-25.
Compliance with Osteoporosis Treatment Guidelines in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Mountjoy Cary R , Shrader Sarah P , Ragucci Kelly R 
Published: February 2009

Background: Osteoporosis continues to be poorly managed despite compelling statistics indicating increased morbidity and mortality associated with fractures. Guideline compliance in individual practices must be evaluated to implement improvements in the care of patients with this disease state. Objective: To evaluate compliance with osteoporosis treatment guidelines by physicians and patients at 2 family medicine clinics affiliated with a large university teaching hospital. Methods: Postmenopausal women 65 years of age or older with the ICD-9 diagnosis code 733.0 for osteoporosis during the study period between July 2006 and July 2007 were identified through the family medicine electronic medical record (EMR). Of 133 patients, 113 were eligible for inclusion. A retrospective chart review was conducted and prospective voluntary telephone surveys were administered. The EMR of each eligible patient was examined for presence of a baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan as well as appropriate follow-up DXA monitoring, appropriateness of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and fracture history. The telephone survey was used to assess the patients' calcium use, nonpharmacologic recommendations received, and fracture incidence after diagnosis of osteoporosis. Results: Of 113 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, 68 of 82 (82.9%) had appropriate baseline DXA scans; however, only 9 (13.2%) of these 68 patients had appropriate follow-up scans every 2 years thereafter. Sixty-five (57.5%) patients were on Food and Drug Administration–approved, guideline-endorsed pharmacotherapy for osteoporosis. Thirty-five (70%) of the 50 participants in the telephone survey reported taking calcium regularly, and 41 (82%) patients recalled receiving some nonpharmacologic advice. Thirteen (26%) patients reported a fracture after diagnosis. Conclusions: Osteoporosis care can be measurably improved at these clinics with use of baseline and appropriate follow-up DXA scans, increasing the number of patients who receive pharmacotherapy, and providing ongoing reinforcement of nonpharmacologic measures whereby bone health may be maintained.
Warfarin–Antiretroviral Interactions
Authors: Liedtke Michelle D , Rathbun R Chris 
Published: February 2009

Objective:To review the literature for information regarding interactions between warfarin and antiretroviral agents and evaluate the clinical significance of these interactions.Data Sources:Primary literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE (1950–July 2008) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–July 2008) using individual antiretroviral drug names and the following key search terms: warfarin, antiretroviral, protease inhibitor, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, cytochrome P450,2C9, HIV, and drug interactions. Relevant abstracts from infectious disease and HIV conferences (2005–2008), reference citations from relevant articles, and manufacturers' product information were also reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All English-language articles identified through the data search were examined. Studies and reports addressing warfarin interactions with antiretrovirals, CYP2C9 polymorphism, and antiretroviral CYP2C9 effects were evaluated. A total of 12 case reports were identified that described interactions between warfarin and either protease inhibitors (Pis) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).Data Synthesis:The drugs used in the case reports were limited to 6 antiretroviral agents (efavirenz, nevirapine, lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir). The mechanism of interaction between antiretroviral agents and warfarin appears to be mediated through alteration in CYP2C9 metabolism. Concurrent use of warfarin with efavirenz or saquinavir was associated with overanticoagulation, identified by increases in international normalized ratio (INR). Use of warfarin with lopinavir/ritonavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, and nevirapine resulted in subtherapeutic INRs. Interactions with delavirdine, etravirine, and atazanavir are anticipated; however, no published cases have reported these interactions. Interactions between warfarin and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, and CCR5 antagonists are not anticipated.Conclusions:Interactions between warfarin and antiretrovirals are likely, especially when Pls or NNRTIs are used. Induction or inhibition of warfarin metabolism may occur, depending on the specific antiretroviral agent. When warfarin is used concurrently with antiretrovirals, close monitoring of INR response is recommended in lieu of empiric warfarin dosing adjustments, given the limited information available and the quality of evidence.
Do fetal heart rate deceleration patterns during labor differ between various umbilical cord abnormalities?
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Matsuoka Ryu , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Nakamura Masamitsu , Sekizawa Akihiko , Okai Takashi 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Objective: To examine differences in intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns among cases with various cord abnormalities.

Methods: Vertex singleton cases with nuchal cord (226 cases), velamentous (12 cases), marginal cord insertion (53 cases) or hyper-coiled cord (39 cases) and without them (466) that were delivered at our hospital were examined. The relationship between cord abnormalities and intrapartum FHR patterns were retrospectively investigated. Deceleration patterns were analyzed for the presence of variable, early, late and prolonged decelerations. The frequencies of each FHR pattern per uterine contraction were assessed during 30 uterine contractions at the end of the first stage and throughout the entire second stage of labor.

Results: In the first stage of labor, frequencies of variable decelerations were 34.5±23.8% and 27.3±25.5% in cases with velamentous insertion and hyper-coiled cord, respectively. These were significantly higher than in controls (11.7±17.3%, P<0.0001). In the second stage of labor, however, frequencies of each deceleration were not different among various cord abnormalities.

Conclusion: Fetal heart rate tracing from the first stage of labor is indicated in cases with the prenatal diagnosis of velamentous insertion or hyper-coiling of the cord.
The effect of bilateral pelvic neurectomy on cervical ripening in pregnant rats
Authors: Mackay Lynette B. , Shi Leili , Maul Holger , Maner William L. , Garfield Robert E. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Aims: To determine the effect of bilateral pelvic neurectomy (BPN) on cervical ripening in pregnant rats by measuring cervical extensibility and changes in collagen cross-linkages.

Methods: Timed-pregnant rats were randomly laparotomized on days 9 or 10 of gestation and the pelvic nerves were exposed and either bilaterally transected, or left intact in sham control animals. The rats were sacrificed on day 18 and the uterine cervices obtained. Cervical ripening was assessed by cervical resistance-to-stretch, light-induced autofluorescence (LIF) of cross-linked collagen, and collagen changes analyzed by picrosirius polarization microscopy.

Results: Measurements of extensibility and collagen cross-linkages indicated that after BPN the cervix was significantly more ripened than the cervix from sham control animals.

Conclusion: BPN stimulates cervical ripening instead of inhibiting this event as previously proposed. Further studies in this area could be critical for developing treatments for dystocia, preterm labor, and cervical insufficiency.
The source of Helicobacter pylori infection in the neonatal period
Authors: Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta , Monno Rosa , Laforgia Nicola , Fumarola Luciana , Fanelli Margherita , Sgobba Cinzia , Hassan Cesare , Panella Carmine , Ierardi Enzo 
Published: February 2009

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the transmission of Helicobacter pylori in the perinatal period.

Methods: H. pylori status of 180 women was preliminarily screened by serology and stool antigen test (SAT) within the fourth day after delivery and a positive value was confirmed by 13C-urea breath test. Infants were analyzed by SAT at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months of age. H. pylori status was also investigated in the medical and paramedical staff of the Neonatology Unit.

Results: H. pylori infection was found in 34.4% of the women. At the 1st month of age, 5 out of 172 newborns (2.9%) were H. pylori positive by SAT. Three out of the five positive infants were born to H. pylori non-infected mothers. Formula feeding (P=0.02) and admission in intermediate-risk neonatal unit (P=0.01) were significantly related to a positive H. pylori result. Medical and paramedical staff of the neonatology unit was found H. pylori positive in 34.8% of cases. All five H. pylori positive children spontaneously cleared the infection.

Conclusions: Perinatal H. pylori SAT positive status is low in our area, and it may be found both in infants from infected or non-infected mothers. Formula feeding and admission in intermediate-risk neonatal unit appear to be related with H. pylori infection.
Standardization of Test Procedure for Tension Test on Coir Yarns and Woven Coir Geotextiles
Authors: Subaida E. A. , Chandrakaran S. , Sankar N. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted to develop a standard test procedure for tension testing on coir yarns and woven coir geotextiles. Uniaxial tension tests were conducted on nine types of woven coir geotextiles and eleven types of coir yarns. Specimens of different dimensions were tested at various deformation rates. Test results indicated that tensile properties of coir yarns and geotextiles were largely influenced by testing parameters. Statistical analysis of yarn tension data was carried out to establish the gauge length, strain rate, and specimen dimensions of geotextiles. Consistent values of tensile strength and failure strain were obtained when gauge length and strain rate were adopted as 150 mm and 5 %/min, respectively. It was also observed that reliable results were obtained when the width of the geotextile specimen for tension test contained not less than ten yarns.
Role of Compensatory Growth in Walleye Fingerling Production
Authors: Rosauer Daniel R , Morris Joseph E , Clayton Richard D 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Compensatory growth during production of fingerling walleyes Sander vitreus was evaluated. Age-0 walleyes (mean weight ± SE = 26.1 ± 0.73 g) were stocked into nine 100-L tanks (three tanks/treatment). Fish were fed daily (control); fed for 5 d consecutively and then went unfed for 2 d (5-d treatment); or fed for 3 d consecutively and then went unfed for 4 d (3-d treatment). Treatments were repeated weekly for an 8-week period. Full compensation occurred in the 5-d treatment, as shown by increased specific growth rate (SGR) and no statistical difference in final weight relative to that of the control group. Fish in the 3-d treatment exhibited partial compensation in which SGR increased periodically, but final weight differed significantly from that of the control group. Information garnered from this study exemplifies the potential for achieving compensatory growth during fingerling walleye production.
Swimming Performance and Metabolism of Cultured Golden Shiners
Authors: Beecham Rachel V , Pearson Philip R , LaBarre Susan B , Minchew C Douglas 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Swimming performance and metabolism of golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas were examined by use of swim tunnel respirometry. The oxygen consumption and tail beat frequency (TBF) at various swimming speeds, an estimation of the standard metabolic rate (SMR), and the critical swimming speed (U crit) were determined for golden shiners that were tested in 10 groups of 5 individuals each. Oxygen consumption and TBF both increased as swimming speed increased. The mean U crit for the first, second, and third individual to fatigue in each group was 38.0, 41.7, and 47.2 cm/s, respectively. The SMR was estimated at 131 mg O2·kg−1·h−1 for fish averaging 5.3 g. The active metabolic rate averaged 150 ± 14 mg O2·kg−1·h−1 (mean ± SE) at 10 cm/s, increased to 163 ± 20 mg O2·kg−1·h−1 at 30 cm/s, and peaked at 177 ± 19 mg O2·kg−1·h−1 at 50 cm/s. Total aerobic cost of transport (0.36 cal·g−1·km−1; i.e., the metabolic cost of swimming) and net cost of transport (0.08 cal·g−1·km−1) were lowest between 30 and 40 cm/s.
Production Methods for Food-Sized Bluegills
Authors: Hicks Charles E , Ellersieck Mark R , Borgwordt Cindy J 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Growth of selected crosses (P1♀ × F1♂, F1♀ × P1♂, and F1♀ × F1♂) of Lincoln University bluegill stocks were evaluated. The purpose was to test the commercial potential for reaching marketable size (227–340 g) within 2 years in an indoor water-recycle system and grow-out in ponds. Pond hatched young-of-year bluegill were reared in a 12-tank (719 L/tank) indoor water-recycle system. Fish were fed to satiation three times daily. Fish were weighed and measured for total length (TL), for a 120-d growth trial. Initial mean fish weight and TL were 28.0 ± 15.8 g and 106 ± 16 mm, respectively. Final mean weight was 119.4 ± 54.9 g, and mean TL was 161 ± 19 mm. Crosses were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). Initial female weight averaged 82.1 ± 32.5 g, and male weight averaged 158.6 ± 45.5 g. Feed conversion ratio was 1.26, and survival was 99.4%. Specific growth rate (SGR) averaged 1.21%/d with a mean length increase of 0.5 mm/d. Fish were then marked by specific crosses with colored visible implant elastromer tags. Fish were stocked in four 0.04-ha ponds (N = 600 fish/pond; density = 15,000 fish/ha) for 129 d. Final mean weight of fish in the pond study was 228.3 ± 71.7 g; mean TL was 200 ± 15 mm. Crosses were not significantly different from each other (P &gt; 0.05). Sexual dimorphism was more pronounced after pond rearing; females averaged 175.4 ± 41.7 g and males averaged 284.0 ± 54.4 g. Results indicate bluegill grown in indoor recycle systems may reach target weights of 227–340 g within 2 years with the use of out-of-season spawning and selective breeding. Forty-eight percent reached or exceeded the minimum target weight (227–340 grams). This study also suggests that removing females could increase the number of fish reaching target weight by 33%.
Effect of Using Threadfin Shad as Forage for Channel Catfish Fed Daily or Every Third Day
Authors: Green Bartholomew , Perschbacher Peter , Ludwig Gerald 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We evaluated whether stocking threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense as a forage fish in multiple-batch production ponds for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus could substitute for formulated feed when channel catfish were fed daily or every 3 d. A completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used for the experiment, which was conducted in twelve 0.1-ha earthen ponds. Prespawn adult threadfin shad were stocked at 404 kg/ha in six of the ponds, whereas the remaining ponds received no threadfin shad. Channel catfish stockers (0.35 kg/fish) were stocked at 5,040 kg/ha, and fingerlings (28.2 g/fish) were stocked at 14,820 fish/ha. Channel catfish were fed a floating feed (32% protein) to apparent satiation daily (D; 6 ponds) or every 3 d (3D; 6 ponds). After 144 d, mean channel catfish total net yield was unaffected by the presence of threadfin shad but was significantly greater for fish in the D treatment (7,256 kg/ha) than for fish in the 3D treatment (2,431 kg/ha). Mean fish weight at harvest also was greater in the D treatment than in the 3D treatment. The amount of feed administered in the 3D treatment was 62% of that used in the D treatment, thus reducing net total yield by 66% and slowing growth in fish from the 3D treatment. Nearly 90% of stockers in the 3D treatment failed to reach market size (0.68 kg/fish) and would have required a third season to reach harvest weight. At the rate used in this experiment, stocking of threadfin shad as forage fish into channel catfish production ponds did not appear to be a viable method of substituting for formulated feed during the growing season.
Effect of Temperature on Growth, Feed Utilization, and Immune Status of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System
Authors: Suja Baby , Phillips Harold , Lochmann Rebecca , Chen Ruguang 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted to determine growth, survival, feed utilization, nonspecific immune response, and proximate and fatty acid composition of the fillet of stocker-sized channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus reared at temperatures considered slightly below optimal (22°C), optimal (27°C), or slightly above optimal (32°C) for feed intake and growth of this species. Groups of 100 stockers initially averaging 111.4 ± 1.7 g (mean ± SE) were stocked into each of four 1,140-L tanks within each of three independent recirculating systems and were fed a 32% protein commercial floating pellet once daily to satiation for 14 weeks. Feed intake was calculated weekly. Subsamples of fish were weighed every 3 weeks to track growth. At the end of the trial, all fish were counted and weighed. Five fish per tank were bled to analyze hematology and immunological parameters. Analysis of variance and Fisher's least-significant-difference tests were used to compare differences among treatment means (P ≤ 0.05). Weight gain (252.2 ± 20.0 g) was highest and feed conversion ratio (1.3 ± 0.0) was lowest in fish held at 27°C, while survival (99 ± 0.4%) was highest in fish held at 32°C. Feed intake did not differ by temperature. When differences in final body weight were considered, the protein, dry matter, and ash in the fillet did not differ by temperature. Both temperature and final body weight affected fillet lipid. Fish reared at 32°C were smaller but had more fillet lipid than fish reared at 27°C. Hepatosomatic index did not differ by temperature. Monounsaturates in muscle lipid declined with temperature, while total n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids and the index of fatty acid unsaturation were higher in fish held at 22°C than in those held at 32°C. Alternative complement activity was highest in fish held at 22°C, while lysozyme activity was highest at 32°C. Temperature had numerous effects on fish performance when diet was fixed. These effects must be considered when diet composition is manipulated to enhance channel catfish performance at different temperatures.