bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POSSIBLE PARTICIPATION OF CHLORIDE ION CHANNELS IN ATP RELEASE FROM CANCER CELLS IN SUSPENSION
Authors: Nejime Namie , Kagota Satomi , Tada Yukari , Nakamura Kazuki , Hashimoto Michio , Kunitomo Masaru , Shinozuka Kazumasa 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARY

Cancer cells must detach from the primary focus to initiate the process of metastasis. Previously, we demonstrated that intracellular Ca2+ levels are increased in endothelial cells in the presence of cancer cells and that ATP derived from these cells causes this increase. The present study clarifies the mechanism of ATP release from cancer cells by investigating the effects of Cl− channel inhibitors and other drugs on ATP release from human fibrosarcoma cells (HT‐1080 cells).
Levels of extracellular ATP and its metabolites were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescent detection.
Significantly more extracellular ATP was released by suspended than by adherent HT‐1080 cells. The Cl− channel inhibitors 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (100 µmol/L), gadolinium (100 µmol/L) and niflumic acid (100 µmol/L) all significantly inhibited ATP release from HT‐1080 cells (1 × 103 /mL) to 39.7 ± 6.5, 28.5 ± 2.5 and 82.5 ± 4.1% of control, respectively.
Neither of the p‐glycoprotein inhibitors (i.e. 50 µmol/L quinidine and 90 µmol/L verapamil) had any effect on ATP release from HT‐1080 cells. The gap junction hemichannel inhibitor Gap26 (300 µmol/L) slightly, but significantly, decreased ATP release by approximately 20%. The gap junction inhibitor 18‐α‐glycyrrhetinic acid (10 µmol/L) tended to inhibit ATP release from HT‐1080 cells, but the difference did not reach statistical significance.
These findings indicate that Cl− channels play the most important role in ATP release from detached cancer cells and that gap junction hemichannels are also associated with ATP release.
Changing trends in the proportion of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction in a large tertiary referral center in Japan
Authors: Kusano Chika , Gotoda Takuji , Khor Christopher J , Katai Hitoshi , Kato Hoichi , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Shimoda Tadakazu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  A dramatic increase in incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) over the past two decades has been reported in the West. However, epidemiological data from Asian countries have not shown a similar trend. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the EGJ in a cohort of consecutive patients operated on for gastric adenocarcinoma at a major cancer referral center in Japan.Method:  We reviewed pathological reports of all patients who underwent surgery for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma between 1962 and 2005 at the National Cancer Centre Hospital in Tokyo. Adenocarcinoma of the EGJ was defined from images recorded for each patient, in accordance with the classification of Siewert and Stein. The proportion of adenocarcinoma at the EGJ among operated gastric adenocarcinoma patients was compiled at five‐year intervals and serial comparison made.Results:  A total of 6953 patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were operated on; adenocarcinoma of EGJ was found in 520 patients. The overall proportion of adenocarcinoma of the EGJ increased from 2.3% (1962–1965) to 10.0% (2001–2005). The proportion of Siewert Type II rose from 28.5% (1962–1965) to 57.3% (2001–2005), while that of Type I remained at around 1%.Conclusion:  An increasing trend of adenocarcinoma of EGJ is observed in this study of patients operated on for gastric adenocarcinoma from 1962 to 2005 in a large tertiary referral center in Japan.
Associations of interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid A with mortality in haemodialysis patients
Authors: WETMORE JAMES B , LOVETT DAVID H , HUNG ADRIANA M , COOK‐WIENS GALEN , MAHNKEN JONATHAN D , SEN SAUNAK , JOHANSEN KIRSTEN L 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARY:Background:  Individuals with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) manifest a chronic inflammatory state. Serum albumin, C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) have been associated with mortality in ESRD, although reports vary as to whether they are true independent markers of mortality. We undertook a prospective study to determine whether these markers could predict mortality in ESRD.Methods:  A cohort of individuals on haemodialysis was followed prospectively for a mean of 2.1 years. Albumin, CRP, IL‐6 and SAA were drawn at enrolment. Association between mortality and serum markers was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. A trend analysis was undertaken to establish the functional form of the association between serum markers and outcome.Results:  After multivariable adjustment, IL‐6 was most strongly associated with mortality, followed closely by albumin (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0005, respectively). CRP was marginally associated with mortality (P = 0.046), and SAA was not independently associated with mortality. In the final model adjusting for the effects of both IL‐6 and albumin simultaneously, both markers remained associated with mortality (P = 0.003 and P = 0.011).Conclusion:  IL‐6 had the strongest independent association with mortality, followed closely by albumin. CRP and SAA were not associated with mortality when measured at single time points. Increasing levels of IL‐6 and decreasing levels of albumin were associated with increased mortality. IL‐6 and albumin may be capturing different aspects of the inflammatory burden observed in haemodialysis patients.
Calcium dynamics in bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin cell secretory granules
Authors: SantoDomingo Jaime , Vay Laura , Camacho Marcial , Hernández‐SanMiguel Esther , Fonteriz Rosalba I. , Lobatón Carmen D. , Montero Mayte , Moreno Alfredo , Alvarez Javier 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe secretory granules constitute one of the less well‐known compartments in terms of Ca2+ dynamics. They contain large amounts of total Ca2+, but the free intragranular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]SG), the mechanisms for Ca2+ uptake and release from the granules and their physiological significance regarding exocytosis are still matters of debate. We used in the present work an aequorin chimera targeted to the granules to investigate [Ca2+]SG homeostasis in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. We found that most of the intracellular aequorin chimera is present in a compartment with 50–100 μm Ca2+. Ca2+ accumulation into this compartment takes place mainly through an ATP‐dependent mechanism, namely, a thapsigargin‐sensitive Ca2+‐ATPase. In addition, fast Ca2+ release was observed in permeabilized cells after addition of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (InsP3) or caffeine, suggesting the presence of InsP3 and ryanodine receptors in the vesicular membrane. Stimulation of intact cells with the InsP3‐producing agonist histamine or with caffeine also induced Ca2+ release from the vesicles, whereas acetylcholine or high‐[K+] depolarization induced biphasic changes in vesicular [Ca2+], suggesting heterogeneous responses of different vesicle populations, some of them releasing and some taking up Ca2+ during stimulation. In conclusion, our data show that chromaffin cell secretory granules have the machinery required for rapid uptake and release of Ca2+, and this strongly supports the hypothesis that granular Ca2+ may contribute to its own secretion.
Bilateral motor resonance evoked by observation of a one‐hand movement: role of the primary motor cortex
Authors: Borroni Paola , Montagna Marcella , Cerri Gabriella , Baldissera Fausto 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn humans, observation of movement performed by others evokes a subliminal motor resonant response, probably mediated by the mirror neurone system, which reproduces the motor commands needed to execute the observed movement with good spatial and temporal fidelity. Motor properties of the resonant response were here investigated with the ultimate goal of understanding the principles operating in the transformation from observation to internal reproduction of movement. Motor resonance was measured as the modulation of excitability of spinal motoneurones, evoked by the observation of a cyclic flexion‐extension of one hand. The first two experiments showed that the observation of a one‐hand movement always evoked a bimanual resonant response independent of which hand was observed and that these bilateral responses were consistently phase‐linked. H‐reflexes simultaneously recorded in right and left flexor carpi radialis muscles were always modulated ‘in‐phase’ with each other. The goal of the third experiment was to define the role of primary motor cortex in the bilateral resonant response. Bilateral H‐reflexes were recorded during a temporary inactivation induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left cortical hand motor area of observers. The finding that such cortical depression abolished the H‐reflex modulation of only the right flexor carpi radialis motoneurones, leaving it unchanged on the left side, suggested that both primary motor areas were activated by the premotor cortex and transmit the resonant activation through crossed corticospinal pathways. The data provide further evidence that the subliminal activation of motor pathways induced by movement observation is organized according to general rules shared with the control of voluntary movement.
Stability of Majority Attitudes toward Multiculturalism in the Netherlands between 1999 and 2007
Authors: Breugelmans Seger M. , Van De Vijver Fons J.R. , Schalk‐Soekar Saskia G.S. 
Published: September 2008

The success of multiculturalism as an ideology to deal with cultural differences depends upon the level of support for multiculturalism by majority members. It has been argued that support for multiculturalism in the Netherlands has substantially changed in response to various national and international events, such as the terrorist attacks on New York (2001), Madrid (2004), and London (2005), and the assassinations of popular politician Fortuyn (2002) and controversial movie director Van Gogh (2004). We compared survey data on Dutch majority attitudes in 1999 (n= 333), 2001 (n= 1,266), 2004 (n= 246), 2005 (n= 170), 2006 (n= 306), and 2007 (n= 464). Contrary to popular belief, we found little evidence for enduring attitude changes over the nine‐year period. Implications for studies of multiculturalism and for policy‐makers are discussed.Le succès du multiculturalisme en tant qu’idéologie pour appréhender les différences culturelles dépend du soutien dont il bénéficie de la part de la majorité de la population. On a dit que l’approbation du multiculturalisme s’était profondément altérée aux Pays‐Bas à la suite de divers évènements nationaux et internationaux, telles que les attaques terroristes sur New York (2001), Madrid (2004) et Londres (2005), et les assassinats du politicien populaire Fortuyn (2002) et du metteur en scène controversé Van Gogh (2004). On a comparé des données d’enquête sur les attitudes majoritaires chez les Néerlandais en 1999 (n= 333), 2001 (n= 1,266), 2004 (n= 246), 2005 (n= 170), 2006 (n= 306) et 2007 (n= 464). A l’encontre de la croyance populaire, un changement d’attitudes durable est loin d’être évident sur cette période de neuf ans. On discute des conséquences pour les études sur le multiculturalisme et les projets politiques.
Impact of Relative Size and Language on the Attitudes between Nations and Linguistic Groups: The Case of Switzerland
Authors: Matser Carine , Van Oudenhoven Jan Pieter , Askevis‐Leherpeux Françoise , Florack Arnd , Hannover Bettina , Rossier Jerôme 
Published: September 2008

This study explores the impact of relative size on the intra‐ and intergroup attitudes of groups who either share a language or have a different language. For that purpose, we examined international attitudes, comparing a small nation, Switzerland, and two larger nations, Germany and France. We found support for the assumption that large neighbouring nations pose a threat to the smaller nation's identity, especially when they are linguistically similar. Consequently, in line with Tajfel's Social Identity Theory (1978), the smaller nation's inhabitants evaluate those of the larger nation less positively, liking them less and perceiving them to be more arrogant than vice versa. By investigating the special case of the French‐speaking and the German‐speaking Swiss as linguistic groups within their own nation we were able to demonstrate that these groups seek support with the larger—linguistically—similar nation to defend themselves against the more direct in‐country threat to their identity. They acknowledge the similarity with the larger nation, yet keep defending their social identity by expressing a dislike for this perceived similarity.Cette étude analyse l’impact de la taille relative de groupes partageant ou non un même langage sur les attitudes intra et inter groupes. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié des attitudes internationales en comparant une petite nation, la Suisse, à deux grandes nations, l’Allemagne et la France. Nous avons confirmé l’hypothèse selon laquelle les grandes nations constituent une menace pour l’identité des plus petites nations voisines, particulièrement quand elles partagent une même langue. En conséquence, dans la lignée de la théorie de l’identité sociale de Tajfel (1978), les habitants de petites nations évaluent leurs homologues des plus grandes nations moins positivement, les apprécient moins et les percoivent comme étant plus arrogants que l’inverse. En enquêtant sur le cas particulier des Suisses francophones et germanophones comme groupes linguisitiques au sein de leur propre nation, nous démontrons qu’ils recherchent l’appui d’une plus grande nation similaire à eux linguistiquement pour se défendre d’une menace intérieure plus directe envers leur identité. Cependant, s’ils reconnaissent la similitude avec des plus grandes nations, ils n’en continuent pas moins à défendre leur identité sociale en exprimant une aversion pour cette similitude perçue.
Particle Level Set Advection for the Interactive Visualization of Unsteady 3D Flow
Authors: Cuntz Nicolas , Kolb Andreas , Strzodka Robert , Weiskopf Daniel 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTypically, flow volumes are visualized by defining their boundary as iso‐surface of a level set function. Grid‐based level sets offer a good global representation but suffer from numerical diffusion of surface detail, whereas particle‐based methods preserve details more accurately but introduce the problem of unequal global representation. The particle level set (PLS) method combines the advantages of both approaches by interchanging the information between the grid and the particles. Our work demonstrates that the PLS technique can be adapted to volumetric dye advection via streak volumes, and to the visualization by time surfaces and path volumes. We achieve this with a modified and extended PLS, including a model for dye injection. A new algorithmic interpretation of PLS is introduced to exploit the efficiency of the GPU, leading to interactive visualization. Finally, we demonstrate the high quality and usefulness of PLS flow visualization by providing quantitative results on volume preservation and by discussing typical applications of 3D flow visualization.
Extraction Of Feature Lines On Surface Meshes Based On Discrete Morse Theory
Authors: Sahner J. , Weber B. , Prohaska S. , Lamecker H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe present an approach for extracting extremal feature lines of scalar indicators on surface meshes, based on discrete Morse Theory. By computing initial Morse‐Smale complexes of the scalar indicators of the mesh, we obtain a candidate set of extremal feature lines of the surface. A hierarchy of Morse‐Smale complexes is computed by prioritizing feature lines according to a novel criterion and applying a cancellation procedure that allows us to select the most significant lines. Given the scalar indicators on the vertices of the mesh, the presented feature line extraction scheme is interpolation free and needs no derivative estimates. The technique is insensitive to noise and depends only on one parameter: the feature significance. We use the technique to extract surface features yielding impressive, non photorealistic images.
A Four‐level Focus+Context Approach to Interactive Visual Analysis of Temporal Features in Large Scientific Data
Authors: Muigg Philipp , Kehrer Johannes , Oeltze Steffen , Piringer Harald , Doleisch Helmut , Preim Bernhard , Hauser Helwig 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper we present a new approach to the interactive visual analysis of time‐dependent scientific data – both from measurements as well as from computational simulation – by visualizing a scalar function over time for each of tenthousands or even millions of sample points. In order to cope with overdrawing and cluttering, we introduce a new four‐level method of focus+context visualization. Based on a setting of coordinated, multiple views (with linking and brushing), we integrate three different kinds of focus and also the context in every single view. Per data item we use three values (from the unit interval each) to represent to which degree the data item is part of the respective focus level. We present a color compositing scheme which is capable of expressing all three values in a meaningful way, taking semantics and their relations amongst each other (in the context of our multiple linked view setup) into account. Furthermore, we present additional image‐based postprocessing methods to enhance the visualization of large sets of function graphs, including a texture‐based technique based on line integral convolution (LIC). We also propose advanced brushing techniques which are specific to the time‐dependent nature of the data (in order to brush patterns over time more efficiently). We demonstrate the usefulness of the new approach in the context of medical perfusion data.
GPU Local Triangulation: an interpolating surface reconstruction algorithm
Authors: Buchart C. , Borro D. , Amundarain A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA GPU capable method for surface reconstruction from unorganized point clouds without additional information, called GLT (GPU Local Triangulation), is presented. The main objective of this research is the generation of a GPU interpolating reconstruction based on local Delaunay triangulations, inspired by a pre‐existing reconstruction algorithm. Current graphics hardware accelerated algorithms are approximating approaches, where the final triangulation is usually performed through either marching cubes or marching tetrahedras. GPU‐compatible methods and data structures to perform normal estimation and the local triangulation have been developed, plus a variation of the Bitonic Merge Sort algorithm to work with multi‐lists. Our method shows an average gain of one order of magnitude over previous research.
Interaction‐Dependent Semantics for Illustrative Volume Rendering
Authors: Rautek Peter , Bruckner Stefan , Gröller M. Eduard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn traditional illustration the choice of appropriate styles and rendering techniques is guided by the intention of the artist. For illustrative volume visualizations it is difficult to specify the mapping between the 3D data and the visual representation that preserves the intention of the user. The semantic layers concept establishes this mapping with a linguistic formulation of rules that directly map data features to rendering styles. With semantic layers fuzzy logic is used to evaluate the user defined illustration rules in a preprocessing step.In this paper we introduce interaction‐dependent rules that are evaluated for each frame and are therefore computationally more expensive. Enabling interaction‐dependent rules, however, allows the use of a new class of semantics, resulting in more expressive interactive illustrations. We show that the evaluation of the fuzzy logic can be done on the graphics hardware enabling the efficient use of interaction‐dependent semantics. Further we introduce the flat rendering mode and discuss how different rendering parameters are influenced by the rule base. Our approach provides high quality illustrative volume renderings at interactive frame rates, guided by the specification of illustration rules.
Illustrative Hybrid Visualization and Exploration of Anatomical and Functional Brain Data
Authors: Jainek W. M. , Born S. , Bartz D. , Straßer W. , Fischer J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCommon practice in brain research and brain surgery involves the multi‐modal acquisition of brain anatomy and brain activation data. These highly complex three‐dimensional data have to be displayed simultaneously in order to convey spatial relationships. Unique challenges in information and interaction design have to be solved in order to keep the visualization sufficiently complete and uncluttered at the same time. The visualization method presented in this paper addresses these issues by using a hybrid combination of polygonal rendering of brain structures and direct volume rendering of activation data. Advanced rendering techniques including illustrative display styles and ambient occlusion calculations enhance the clarity of the visual output. The presented rendering pipeline produces real‐time frame rates and offers a high degree of configurability. Newly designed interaction and measurement tools are provided, which enable the user to explore the data at large, but also to inspect specific features closely. We demonstrate the system in the context of a cognitive neurosciences dataset. An initial informal evaluation shows that our visualization method is deemed useful for clinical research.
Visualizing Genome Expression and Regulatory Network Dynamics in Genomic and Metabolic Context
Authors: Westenberg M. A. , Van Hijum S. A. F. T. , Kuipers O. P. , Roerdink J. B. T. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDNA microarrays are used to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously. In a time series experiment, the gene expressions are measured as a function of time. We present an application for integrated visualization of genome expression and network dynamics in both regulatory networks and metabolic pathways. Integration of these two levels of cellular processes is necessary, since it provides the link between the measurements at the transcriptional level (gene expression levels approximated from microarray data) and the phenotype (the observable characteristics of an organism) at the functional and behavioral level. The integration requires visualization approaches besides traditional clustering and statistical analysis methods. Our application can (i) visualize the data from time series experiments in the context of a regulatory network and KEGG metabolic pathways; (ii) identify and visualize active regulatory subnetworks from the gene expression data; (iii) perform a statistical test to identify and subsequently visualize pathways that are affected by differentially expressed genes. We present a case study, which demonstrates that our approach and application both facilitates and speeds up data analysis tremendously in comparison to a more traditional approach that involves many manual, laborious, and error‐prone steps.