bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skin Diseases Among Workers of Exploration and Production Department, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Harjono Harjono , Djati I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As a State Oil Company in Indonesia PERTAMINA has many fields of operation, and one of them is located in South Sumatera. The exploration and production activities are carried out in three fields, such as in Prabumulih, Bajubang (Jambi) and Pendopo, which are situated in a tropical jungle of South Sumatera Area. To support the operational activities, each locations are facilitated with Medical Services for the workers and their family.
By studying Medical Records of the workers retrospectively during five years (1985-1990) the results shown that 154 workers were suffering from Skin Diseases (population of the workers : 2,675), they are as follows: Dermatomycosis (40,0%)Contact Dermatitis (.38,0%)Other Skin Diseases (16,5%)Skin Infections (06,5%)
Those diagnoses have been stated by General Practisioner Doctors who were in charge in each field.
From the classification, Dermatomycosis takes the first problems, because this kind of disease is coused by dominant factors, such as tropical climate of the area. The second prob lem is Contact Dermatitis which caused by the workers' habits washing hands with solvents, after working. Skin Infection diseases are still found, but in small percentage. Other Skin diseases are Psoriasis, Herpes Zoster, etc., but no skin malignancy is reported.
The conclusion of the paper is that skin disease problem among workers of Exploration and Production Department are relatively low , and its patterns are different from those of other countries.
From the experience, by providing Medical far- cilities in each field of operations,health con dition of the workers and their family can be maintained and improved, and hence the target of Oil Company can be reached effectively and productively.
Management of Occupational Health Worldwide
Authors: de Jong G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As a consequence of general policy guidelines on health, safety and the environment, specific guidelines on the management of occupational health were issued in 1989. The objective of these 'Occupational Health Management Guidelines' is to assist the management of operating companies in fulfilling their responsibility to maintain high standards of occupational health, thereby ensuring compliance with legislation and adherence to company policy. The guidelines present the key elements of an occupational health programme. They clearly describe occupational health as a management responsibility that can be managed in the same manner as safety and other aspects of the business.
To obtain a better idea of current standards and practices of occupational health management, Shell companies were requested to report on the contents, objectives and results of their occupational health programme, preferably in the format of an annual internal occupational health report. Analysis of the data received shows that, over a two-year period, considerable progress has been made. However, it also transpires that a planned, logical approach in occupational health is still lacking in several companies and most companies need to review their programme according to the philosophy of the Occupational Health Management Guidelines. In particular, a greater emphasis should be placed on proper health risk assessment, the basic step in an occupational health programme. There is often also an unnecessary reliance on medical examinations with an usually inadequate analysis of data generated and subsequent justification of these procedures.
A Dietary Survey to Measure Energy and Nutrient Intakes in a Group of Offshore Workers
Authors: Fenn C. E. , Ballantine B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a dietary survey, carried out on two offshore platforms, to measure the energy and nutrient intakes of a group of offshore workers. Anthropometric measurements and a blood sample were taken from each volunteer. The results show that the mean percentage body fat was above the desired level and the group could be classified as overweight. The mean daily energy intake was 3,091 kcals which is above the UK Government dietary reference value of 2,550 kcals for men aged 19-49 years, assuming low activity levels at work and leisure. The mean total blood cholesterol concentration was 6.2mmoll-1 which is greater than the value of 5.2mmoll-1 considered desirable by the World Health Organisation. These results suggest that the study group may be classified as at risk from developing coronary heart disease and it is recommended that health promotion strategies are implemented offshore.
A New Database of Health Facilities Abroad
Authors: Hogg Q. E. , Levin J. , Clarke P. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses the development and design of a new database on health care facilities worldwide from its initial planning stage to its first few months of operation, during which time it was used by many of the UK's major companies. It outlines the practical problems that were encountered in establishing and operating the database and how these were overcome. Problems associated with identifying the needs of end users to the difficulty of collecting and evaluating information are discussed.
The database provides information on medical facilities in over one hundred and twenty five countries in the developing world and should prove a useful tool to all those involved in managing medical problems overseas. The growing awareness of the need to assess health facilities abroad has been spawned by the increasing spread of AIDS and the growing demand from employees for better health care management while overseas.
We believe that the establishment of this health care facilities database is an important first step in the creation of an independent network of accredited health facilities worldwide.
Major Accidents in Oil and Gas Industries
Authors: Drogaris G. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Major Accident Reporting System (MARS) has been established by the Commission of the European Communities for collecting in a structured way information on Major Accidents in industrial installations involving dangerous chemical substances occurring in the territory of Member States and for distributing the experience gained from them to all Member Countries for improving their accident and loss prevention policies and practices.
By the middle of 1991, about six and a half years after the SEVESO-Directive was enforced, a total of onehundred eleven (111) accidents had been notified by the National Competent Authorities and registered in MARS. Analysis of the accident reports underlines the importance of the following two factors for an effectiveaccident prevention: managerial attitude to safety;application of a structured hazard identification procedure.
A total of thirty five (35) accidents, more than one third of the accidents notified, refer to oil and gas installations.
This paper contains the major conclusions of the study of the accidents after their classification according to various parameters (e.g. type of activity, type of accident, substances involved, consequences, causative factors). Further study of the accident reports enables the extraction of lessons to be learned from them that can be applied for preventing similar occurrences or mitigatingthe conbsequences of such accidents.Illustrative lessons learned from accidents involving gas and oil products are also presented.
The Incident Potential Matrix
Authors: Booth M. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Adopted for use in Shell Expro in 1989, the Incident Potential Matrix is a tool used to assess an incident in terms of ‘what might have happened’, the initial assessment being made by the immediate line supervisor and the appropriate category of ‘potential’ entered on the Incident Report Form. This may be reviewed and confirmed, eg by the incident investigation team and/or line management.
The category of ‘potential’, known as the Potential Matrix Factor, can be used to assist management to determine the appropriate level of incident investigation and to target efforts to prevent a recurrence.
All incidents reported within Shell Expro are assessed in this way, and the results collated for statistical purposes and to enable management to form a judgement as to the significance of the types and nature of incidents occurring.
Evidence showed that the Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate, whilst considered to be a key indicator of safety performance, represented only a small minority, circa 10%, of total injury and damage incidents reported in Shell Expro.
Furthermore the significance of the Lost Time Injury in terms of its potential for escalation was neither identified or recorded.
In 1988 the idea of constructing a device to provide a broader, more meaningful indicator of safety performance, which would assist management to focus on the more significant incidents, was developed, and introduced the following year.
The paper will explain the use of the Matrix with worked examples and elaborate on how the results are analysed. The benefits of this approach will be balanced against some of the problems experienced to date in its use.
Thermal Requirements for Emergency Suits
Authors: Pasche A. , Holand B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Acceptance testing of emergency suits used at sea is in many countries based on the IMO requirements. For an uninsulated suit, it is required that the suit be capable of protecting the wearer from a core temperature drop of more than 2°C and that skin temperatures measured at the hand, foot and lumbar region do not drop below 10°C for a test period of 1 hour. The test should be performed in cold water of temperatures between 0 and 2°C. It is clear from the regulations that the tests are to be performed using human subjects.
Test results of suits are not only of interest to the approving authorities, but naturally also to the manufacturers. Rectal temperatures of the test subjects wearing the suit are commonly used as an "index" of the suit's thermal qualities. Unfortunately, rectal temperature does not always reflect the real properties of the suit when measured for a limited time.
Experiments have been carried out comparing the thermal qualities between completely dry suits and suits which had been pre-wetted inside with 0.6 1 of water prior to the start of the immersion period. Results indicated that the rectal temperature of the subject with the wetted suit stayed higher than that of the same subject in the dry suit. A Ventile fabric suit tested with or without a thinsulate inner lining showed the same confusing results: no difference in rectal temperatures was indicated. The explanation for the rather unexpected results for rectal temperature change is the fact that in the colder suits shivering will compensate for the increased heat loss.
A series of qualification tests of immersion suits indicated that the acceptance levels established by IMO were rather low with regards to thermal requirements and that any suit would meet these requirements. To test this, a "suit" was made by taping together plastic bags (0.5 mm thickness) and tested according to the IMO test protocol. The suit fulfilled the requirements for thermal protection.
The Safe Use of a Workboat for In-Sea Equipment Maintenance in Marine Seismic Operations
Authors: Baardsen Ø. , Hansen H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The need to repair, change parts or do other such work on in-sea equipment first arose in the middle of the 1980's. This was when 2 streamers were introduced1. Previously, the equipment was taken on board for repair. This was easy to do, and did not require much time to perform the work. After we started using 2 steamers, the work of repairing the equipment became more complicated, since there was a longer delay.
In the beginning, a small boat was used to reach the steamer in order to carry out the necessary work.
To begin with we used a MOB-Harding2. After a while, this type of boat proved to be unsuitable for this purpose since it was very slow. It's maximum speed was between 6-8 knots.
Alternative to Fire-Fighting Halons
Authors: Waterfall K. W. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The commercial development and availability of halocarbons, particularly halons in the 1960s, as fire fighting agents was seen as an ideal means of reducing fire losses. The fire protection industry was at last able to apply an electrically non conductive, residue free and relatively non-toxic agent for extinguishing fires in most classes of combustible products.
The ease of handling and applying the product led to its widespread application in the militaryand industry, particularly in the upstream (E&P) sector of the oil and gas industry. The discovery that CFCs, including halons, could damage the earth’s ozone layer has, however, ledto policies to phase out their use. This paper explores the response taken by E&P, particularly Shell companies to find alternative approaches to the use of halocarbons for fire fighting.
Carbon Monoxide Accumulation in Closed, Manned Environments
Authors: Bolstad G. , Jakobsen K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas slightly less dense than air. Its main health significance as a contaminant is that it combines with hemoglobin (Hb) and other oxygen transporting proteins in the body and, thus, impairs the oxygen-carrying capacities of these. CO is produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels, but is also continuously produced by the body, mainly through breakdown of heme, one of the constituents of Hb in the red blood cells. Accumulation of CO has been monitored in two different isolation studies with different atmospheric pressures, 1) at 150 kPa(ISEMSI study), lasting 28 days, and 2) at 4600 kPa (IGLOO ’88), lasting 33 days. Two different groups of six male subjects were isolated. In the high pressure investigation (HPI), the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) as given by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD), i.e. 2 Pa (20 ppm) bar, was exceeded on isolation day nine, upon which a CO-catalyst was introduced. In the low pressure investigation (LPI) the TLV value was not reached during the study, requiring no such intervention. CO accumulated faster in the first 10-12 days, than in the later part of the LPI. CO accumulation in the LPI averaged 82 mPa/day, corresponding well with the endogenous production rate published by others. CO accumulation rate was slightly faster, i.e. 103 mPa/day, in the HPI than in the LPI, possibly due to a decrease in Hb of approximately 9% during the first 10 days. In both isolation studies, venous blood samples were collected for caboxy- hemoglobin analysis. It is concluded that partial pressure of CO may reach values that calls for intervention during saturation dives as well as in other situations where people are enclosed for longer periods of time. Operational procedures to prevent this from happening should therefore be introduced.
A Diving Safety Management System for Offshore Operators
Authors: Wood N. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
North Sea diving operations are routinely carried out under difficult conditions as an ongoing and essential part of oil industry operations in the North Sea. They can only be carried out safely if effective management systems are in place for their control.
As a basis for such systems the paper initially describes the historical background to the industry and it’s present situation from the point of view of both the Diving Contractors and the operating companies (their clients). Implications of the Cullen report and the requirements forquality systems are also discussed.
The elements of a Diving Safety Management System are then discussed, based on Safety Management Criteria and the procedures and policies necessary for attainment of those criteria. The objectives of the system, Safety Management Criteria and elements, and the basis/content of a typical Diving Procedures Manual are then described to indicate how the management system works in practice.
The system is workable, practicable and applicable to diving operations anywhere in the world.
Permit To Work Systems in the Offshore Industry
Authors: Kyle S. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A Permit to Work System is used to control and co-ordinate overall work activity in high risk working environments. It is part of an overall safe system of work in determining how potentially dangerous jobs can be carried out safely. Regulations were introduced in the UK Offshore Oil and GasIndustry In 1976(1) requiring the implementation of Permit to Work Systems for certain specified activities. These set down some basic requirements. Over the years individual operators have builton these requirements and developed their own systems. These vary from very simple to sophisticated systems depending on a number of factors i.e. culture and size of company, amount and type of work activity on the installation and perceived risk levels.
Lord Cullen's report (2) into the Piper Alpha
Disaster highlighted a number of deficiencies in the operation of the Permit to Work System.
This paper will discuss the key elements which should be contained in a comprehensive Permit toWork System. In addition the paper will address the Permit to Work deficiencies highlighted in theCullen Report and the steps taken by the UK Petroleum Industry to address these issues.
Assessing and Improving Safety Management Systems
Authors: Hale A. R. , Gerlings P. Oortman , Swuste P. , Heimplaetzer P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a research project into the assessment and improvement of the safety management at a steel company.First, a framework for safety management is proposed based upon three levels of activity: execution, policy and assessment and five types of resources.At each level a cyclic problem solving process is expected.
Secondly, three hypotheses underlying the project and four measuring techniques are described. Then a number of possible directions for improvements are given, based upon the misallocation of resources in the problem solving structure. Initial results are given and briefly discussed.
Individual Development Programme (I.D.P)
Authors: Fischer J. , Madeo H. , Rochet B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a screening programme generated by TOTAL which has already been put to use in several operating companies.The programme ensures that operational personnel are able to meet the requirements of their employment in a safe and efficient manner.Depending upon the screening result the candidates are either: "qualified" for their positionenrolled in a complementary training programmereorientated towards alternative activities.
Effective Safety Training Program Design
Authors: Chilton D. A. , Lombardo G. J. , Pater R. F. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Changes in the oil industry require new strategies to reduce costs and retain valuable employees. Training is a potentially powerful tool for changing the culture of an organization, resulting in improved safety awareness, lower-risk behaviors and ultimately, statistical improvements. Too often, safety training falters, especially when applied to pervasive, long-standing problems.
Stepping, Handling & Lifting injuries ("SHL")-more commonly known as back injuries and slips, trips and falls - have plagued mankind throughout the ages. They are also a major problem throughout the petroleum industry. Although not as widely publicized as other immediately-fatal accidents, injuries from stepping, materials handling, and lifting are among the leading causes of employee suffering, lost time and diminished productivity throughout the industry. Traditional approaches have not turned the tide of these widespread injuries.
A systematic safety training program, developed by Anadrill Schlumberger with the input of new training technology, has the potential to simultaneously reduce costs, preserve employee safety, and increase morale.
This paper: Reviews the components of an example safety training program,andIllustrates how a systematic approach to safety training can make a positive impact on Stepping, Handling & Lifting injuries.
Safety Management in Operations
Authors: Careil J-C. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the safety management experience gained in Petroleum Development Oman's (PDO) operations, through working with its Contractors in fine tuning proven safety management techniques such as Enhanced Safety Management (ESM) and Unsafe Act Auditing (UAA).
To launch the cultural changes, ESM Workshops were run for Company and Contractor personnel. Joint safety ventures developed, leading to an improved working atmosphere at the workplaces and yielding encouraging results in accident prevention.
The remaining challenges are to keep the momentum and to ensure that other safety management techniques such as UAA and TRIPOD are used in combination with the well established ESM principles.
Enhancing Safety in Drilling: Implementing TRIPOD in a Desert Drilling Operation
Authors: Hudson P. T. W. , Wagenaar W. A. , Reason J. T. , Groeneweg J. , van der Meeren R. J. W. , Visser J. P. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
TRIPOD is an approach to safety aimed at the underlying problems which lead to accidents, in order to identify areas for remedial measures a Failure State Profile instrument was developed using indicators for the 11 different General Failure Types identified in TRIPOD. This study reports on an implementation in a desert drilling environment. Different checklists based upon indicator items gave reliable profiles which also allowed discrimination between rigs, respecting expected differences between those rigs. The process of collecting indicators and the use of the checklists was easy to perform and provided encouragement that a usable and useful diagnostic instrument could be developed for a wide range of Exploration and Production settings.
Implementation of Corporate Environmental and Safety Policy in a Developing Country: More Than Just Compliance
Authors: Fraizer W. K. , Brennan M. R. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the challenges of implementing a corporate environmental and safety policy in a developing country where comprehensive regulatory guidelines do not exisL The Kutubu Petroleum Development Project, currently underway in Papua New Guinea, illustrates the development of an environment and safety program in such a location. Policy and regulatory requirements, combined with project-specific management issues, are addressed through development of a detailed environmental pian. Project design features and the various environmental and safety management plans derived through this process are described. Specific measures include facility design features to prevent oil spills and minimize rain foiest impaets, an overall project-wide safety program, an Environmental Management & Monitoring Program, Waste and Hazardous Substance Management Plans, comprehensive Spili Prevention and Oil Spili Contingency Plans, and programs to preserve sensitive areas.
Contractor Safety on Ekofisk Since 1980: Special Challenges in 1987
Authors: Lode T. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Contractor accident frequency on the Greater Ekofisk Platform were reduced by about 40% between 1981 and 1984. A further 50% reduction was attained during the period 1989-91. During 1987, the hours worked increased from the level of five million to over eleven million hours, without increase in contractor accident frequency. The paper discusses some of the programs which made possible the above accomplishments.