bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World Organization of Volcano Observatories
Authors: Tedesco Dario 
Published: October 2006

The World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) is a branch of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI). WOVO was founded in 1981 as an independent association of observatories and other institutions that monitors active volcanos. Since WOVO represents volcano observatories worldwide, IAVCEI wished to develop a formal tie between itself and WOVO.The main objectives of WOVO are to create or improve ties between observatories and institutions directly involved in volcano monitoring, facilitate the exchange of views and experience by convening regular meetings, maintain an up‐to‐date inventory of instrumentation and manpower of the member institutions, and raise financial support from international organizations to help defray travel and related expenses of scientific teams sent to assist local scientists during a volcanic episode.
Deep seismic surveys in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

As part of a European multinational collaboration, 1104 km of deep seismic reflection data were collected in the Mediterranean Sea during February and March 1992 under the technical supervision of the British Institutions Reflection Profiling Syndicate (BIRPS), based at the University of Cambridge. The surveys were centered over the southern Ionian Sea between Italy and Greece and over the Valencia trough and Balearic ridge offshore Spain (Figure 1).Principal funding for data acquisition was provided by the European Economic Community under the auspices of Project STREAMERS and by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) in Barcelona, respectively. The STREAMERS Project, coordinated by Alfred Hirn at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, is based on a collaboration between the Institut Physique du Globe de Paris, Istituto di Miniere e Geofisica Applicata Universita' Degli Studi Trieste, Public Petroleum Corporation of Greece, the University of Athens, the University of Lisbon, the CSIC, and the BIRPS team (Universities of Cambridge, College Wales, East Anglia, Leicester, and London).
Seismology in Lebanon
Authors: Hamilton Robert M. , Rouhbon Badaovi 
Published: October 2006

During the last several years, while civil war raged in Lebanon, the Bhannes seismograph station near Beirut continued to operate and provide seismograms and phase readings on a regular basis.Seismologists around the world owe gratitude to Charles Tabet, an employee of both the Lebanon National Council for Scientific Research (NCSR) and the American University of Beirut, for his daily dedication to maintaining the station's operations. In addition, Iskandar Sursock, also of the NCSR, has provided essential support and personal resources to continue the seismological program in Lebanon.
Bromley issues reports on research‐intensive universities
Authors: Jones Richard M. 
Published: October 2006

In one of his final acts as President Bush's science adviser, D. Allan Bromley released two reports authored by White House panels: “Renewing the Promise: Research‐Intensive Universities and the Nation,” and “In the National Interest: The Federal Government and Research‐Intensive Universities.”“I have had the opportunity to work on a wide range of issues as the Assistant to President Bush for Science and Technology, but none has been more important to me than those issues involving the health of this nation's research‐intensive universities,” he said.
NASA workshop for heliospheric physicists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Experimentalists and engineers working on small detectors, data‐processing units, and other instrumentation technology that is suitable for smaller, faster, cheaper heliospheric missions are invited to present their concepts to a Code (SS) Space Physics Division Small Instrument Workshop to be held from March 29 to 31 in Pasadena, Calif.The purpose of the workshop is to help NASA miniaturize instruments and electronics as much as possible for space physics experiments on future small solar system exploration missions and for heliospheric missions that must be constrained in mass, power, and cost, including lightweight versions of Solar Probe and Interstellar Probe.
EqPac benthic leg completed
Authors: McManus James 
Published: October 2006

In December 1992, the U.S. JGOFS Equatorial Pacific Process Study (EqPac) completed a 43‐day cruise on which benthic processes affecting carbon fluxes were studied. One of the major goals of EqPac is to understand the role of deep water and benthic processes on the cycling and ultimate removal of carbon and related elements from the oceans.Like the other U.S. JGOFS EqPac studies, the benthic expedition followed a track along 140°W from 12°S to 9°N. Data from deep hydrocasts, in‐situ measurements of benthic fluxes, and several coring techniques were used to test four hypotheses: that benthic fluxes and burial rates are a function of particle rain rate, bottom‐water chemistry, and bioturbation; that regions of high burial and benthic flux coincide with areas of surface upwelling and enhanced primary production; that destruction of particulate organic matter below a depth of 1 km in the ocean is dominated by the decomposition that takes place in surface sediments; and that accumulation of biogenic phases in surface sediments is proportional to the present‐day export production modified by benthic fluxes.
A global archeomagnetic intensity data bank
Authors: Liritzis L. , Lagios E. 
Published: October 2006

An up‐to‐date list of global archeomagnetic intensity (AI) data has been made [Lagios et al., 1992]. The data meet certain reliability criteria and the regional graphs produced were used to draw some geophysical conclusions.This compilation needed to be completed before new data was accumulated since existing models are tenaciously adhered to and can lead to misleading conclusions. This article is a response to the call for the compilation of worldwide archeomagnetic results expressed at the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy meeting in the summer of 1989. Though our data bank is not the IAGA sanctioned effort, it is one example of how such a data bank could be set up.
Glaciers‐Ocean‐Atmosphere Interactions
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

V. M. Kotlyakov, A. Ushakov, and A. Glazovsky (Eds.), International Association of Hydrological Sciences Publication 208, Great Yarmouth, Great Britain, 1991.This volume consists of fifty‐five papers presented at an international symposium held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in September 1990. The papers are divided into nine subsections covering ice cores, sea ice, modeling of ice sheets, glaciation and sea‐level variation, mass and heat balances, paleoclimatic studies, and glacier‐atmospheric interactions. The majority of authors are Russian, although Estonian, German, French, Chinese, American, English, Dutch, Polish, Norwegian, Uzbekian, and Japanese authors are represented. As stated in the preface, this symposium was convened by the International Commission on Snow and Ice “to consider fundamental questions of the interactions which are of great importance to global change processes.”
Sources, transport, energization, and loss of magnetospheric plasma
Authors: Horwitz J. L. , Moore T. E. 
Published: October 2006

Sources, transport, energization, and loss of magnetospheric plasma was the theme of the third Huntsville Workshop on Magnetospheric Plasma Models, which was held in Guntersville, Ala., from October 4 to 8, 1992. Approximately ninety researchers attended the workshop, which was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation.The first topical session summarized our knowledge of plasma distributions and set the stage for the later sessions. Dennis Gallagher reviewed the distributions of bulk parameters and reported on the new results of his empirical model of the plasmasphere. Ed Shelley traced the origins of the plasma sheet, concluding that medium‐energy magnetospheric plasma is of between 5 and 50% ionospheric origin. Tony Lui addressed the distribution of energetic particles and noted that the observed pressure gradients account for the field‐aligned currents in the inner magnetosphere. Dan Baker pointed out the glaring problem of how electrons gain relativistic energies during substorms.
Comment to “History of solar coronal expansion studies”
Authors: Duhau Silvia 
Published: October 2006

One of the main conclusions that Peter Alexander states in the last paragraph of his article (Eos, October 13, 1992, p. 433) is:“It is also desirable to find an appropriate description of the electron heat conductivity for the distant collisionless solar wind because the classical Spitzer‐Harm conductivity represents an inadequate expression for that fluid.”
New initiative in studies of Earth's deep interior
Authors: Lay Thorne 
Published: October 2006

A multidisciplinary U.S. research community is undertaking a new coordinated effort to study the state and dynamics of the Earth's deep mantle and core. At an open meeting held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, from September 11 to 12, 1992, over 120 Earth scientists gathered to discuss this new program, which is an outgrowth of activity during the previous year by an ad hoc steering committee. The research program will be coordinated by a community‐based scientific organization and supported through competitive research proposals submitted to the National Science Foundation with the aim of facilitating cooperative research projects cutting across traditional disciplinary and institutional boundaries.The new organization is the U.S. Studies of the Earth's Deep Interior (SEDI) Coordinating Committee. This committee will facilitate communication among the U.S. SEDI research community, federal funding agencies, the AGU Committee for Studies of the Earth's Interior (SEI), the Union SEDI Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and the general public (Figure 1).
Myron B Fiering (1934–1992)
Authors: Matalas N. C. 
Published: October 2006

If one had to choose a single trait to describe Myron B Fiering, that of teacher would readily come to mind. He was a Harvard professor, and, in essence, he was a teacher in his private life as all who came to know him can attest. He was born to teach.As a student, Fiering attended the seminars of the Harvard Water Resources Program while pursuing his doctoral studies under the guidance of Harold A. Thomas. His career took root in that program. The professors became his academic colleagues and the participants, drawn largely from the federal water agencies, came to be counted among his professional associates. He received his Ph.D. in the spring of 1960. After spending the 1960 academic year as an assistant professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, he returned to his alma mater and began his long and distinguished career at Harvard. In 1969 he was appointed Gordon Mackay Professor of Applied Mathematics.
Massey to leave NSF
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

National Science Foundation Director Walter E. Massey has been recommended for appointment to the position of senior vice president for academic affairs and provost for the entire University of California system. The recommendation, which was announced on January 27, came from UC President Jack W. Peltason and will be acted upon by UC's Board of Regents. Massey has accepted the position, and it is expected that he will leave NSF early in February.Massey said that he was honored to receive the nomination and had not planned to leave his current position. “It's such a fantastic opportunity to be part of the leadership of the greatest public university in the world.…It's an opportunity that I cannot pass up,” he commented. Massey was named to a 6‐year term as NSF director by former President George Bush in March 1991.
Lamont‐Doherty changes name
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University's Earth sciences research center, has changed its name to the Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory.“The new name embraces not only geology, geophysics, and geochemistry, but oceanography, atmospheric sciences, hydrology, and parts of ecology, biology and solar‐terrestrial physics,” said observatory director Gordon P. Eaton. “It also emphasizes the interactions of all these disciplines in the whole Earth system,” he added.
Judges needed for student papers at Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The Executive Committee for Tectonophysics would like to reinstitute Outstanding Student Paper Awards for the section. These awards are presented by the section to students for outstanding paper and poster presentations. AGU provides lists of student presenters for each section and a member designated by the section president (the section secretary) organizes the judging committees. Awardees are featured in Eos.In order to do this fairly, the Tectonophysics section needs participation from section members to review papers.
AGU acts on NSF Page Charge Policy
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Fast action by Headquarters alerted AGU members to a proposed change to the National Science Foundation's page charge policy that would weaken the ability of scientific societies to serve the scientific community.If adopted, NSF's new policy, announced in the Federal Register December 18, would remove the prohibition against allowing page charges to commercially produced journals. The proposal for the change was supposedly put forth to obtain a reaction from the scientific community.
Subcommittee reviews space council reports
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The House Science Subcommittee on Space began the 103rd Congress with several hearings to review U.S. space policy. The hearings, held February 2 and 4, with a third scheduled for February 17, consider a series of reports released by the National Space Council under former Vice‐President Quayle. The hearing room was full with new members of the subcommittee, many of whom are from districts deeply affected by the aerospace industry.On February 2, the subcommittee reviewed recommendations from the report, “A Post Cold War Assessment of U.S. Space Policy.” This report examined the historical context of all the U.S. space programs: civil, military, intelligence, and commercial and proposed policies for their future based on the changed global circumstances. As chair of the task force that produced the report, Laurel Wilkening, provost of the University of Washington, Seattle, summarized its main points.
Workshop on ROVs and deep submergence
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The deep‐submergence community has an opportunity on March 6 to participate in a unique teleconferencing demonstration of a state‐of‐the‐art, remotely operated underwater research vehicle known as the Jason‐Medea System. Jason‐Medea has been developed over the past decade by scientists, engineers, and technicians at the Deep Submergence Laboratory at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The U.S. Navy, the Office of the Chief of Naval Research, and the National Science Foundation are sponsoring the workshop to explore the roles that modern computational, communications, and robotics technologies can play in deep‐sea oceanographic research.Through the cooperation of Electronic Data Systems, Inc., the Jason Foundation, and Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., 2‐1/2 hours of air time will be available from 3:00 to 5:30 PM EST on March 6. Twenty‐seven satellite downlink sites will link one operating research vessel and the land‐based operation with workshop participants in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Bermuda. The research ship Laney Chouest will be in the midst of a 3‐week educational/research program in the Sea of Cortez, between Baja California and mainland Mexico. This effort is focused on active hydrothermal vents driven by heat flow from the volcanically active East Pacific Rise, which underlies the sediment‐covered Guaymas Basin. The project combines into a single‐operation, newly‐developed robotic systems, state‐of‐the‐art mapping and sampling tools, fiber‐optic data transmission from the seafloor, instantaneous satellite communication from ship to shore, and a sophisticated array of computational and telecommunications networks. During the workshop, land‐based scientists will observe and participate directly with their seagoing colleagues as they conduct seafloor research.
Baker picked to head NOAA
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

President Clinton nominated D. James Baker as the Commerce Department's undersecretary for oceans and atmospheres on February 12. He would serve as the director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Doug Hall, vice‐president of the Nature Conservancy, was nominated as assistant secretary for oceans and atmospheres. He would serve as NOAA's deputy director. The nominations are subject to confirmation by the Senate.“We have found the perfect balance to lead NOAA,” said Clinton. “With Jim Baker and Doug Hall, we have a team that will bring scientific skills, laboratory management experience, a strong commitment to environmental protection, and the savvy required to deal effectively with sensitive issues.”
New report examines solid‐Earth sciences
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

“Solid‐Earth Sciences and Society,” a report developed to assess the current status, opportunities, and priorities within the Earth sciences, is now available from the National Academy Press. Developed by the National Research Council's Board on Earth Sciences and Resources, the report concentrates on solid‐Earth processes and their influence on and interactions with society.The 346‐page report presents a new approach to studying Earth processes in which Earth is viewed as an integrated, dynamic system rather than a collection of isolated components, and it relates the intellectual aspects of Earth science to current issues, including resource development, waste disposal, environmental protection, natural hazards reduction, and land use.
AGU participation in National Science and Technology Week
Authors: Lopez Ramon E. 
Published: October 2006

During National Science and Technology Week (NSTW), which will be celebrated from April 25 through May 1, events are scheduled across the country to highlight science and technology. NSTW, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, presents a marvelous vehicle for increasing public understanding and interest in the branches of geoscience.The AGU Committee for Education and Human Resources requests AGU members to sponsor and carry out NSTW‐related activities, such as giving a presentation to teachers describing their research. Interested individuals should obtain a file (lopez/nstw.txt) via anonymous FTP from avl.umd.edu, or copy.
Mantle downwelling causes continental depressions
Authors: Blue Charles 
Published: October 2006

According to the theory of isostasy, Earth's continents should float in equilibrium upon the denser underlying mantle, much in the same way that icebergs float on the ocean surface. However, this understanding may not accurately portray dynamic continent‐mantle interaction. A new study suggests that continents may reside below the level predicted by isostatic theory—nearly 2–3 km below in some areas.In the February issue of Geophysical Research Letters, A. M. Forte, A. M. Dziewonski, and R. L. Woodward of Harvard University and W. R. Peltier of the University of Toronto present evidence that some continents are actively pulled downward by the global‐scale flow in the mantle. This flow is also responsible for the so‐called “drift” of the Earth's tectonic plates. According to Forte, “our models demonstrate a clear pattern of continental depressions, which are forced by downwelling flow due to colder mantle material extending to great depths. We believe that such forces also operated in the geologic past and were partially responsible for the creation of deep continental basins that are now filled with sediments.”
Water‐quality monitoring report released
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

A nationwide water‐quality monitoring strategy, calling for greater coordination, consistency, and collaboration among federal, state, and local water‐quality agencies was released in March by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Geological Survey, and fourteen other government agencies.The report was prepared for the Office of Management and Budget by the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, which was formed in 1991 to conduct a nationwide review and evaluation of water‐quality monitoring activities. The task force is part of the Water Information Coordination Program, a federal agency‐wide coordination effort established by OMB in December 1991.
Oceanic monthly rainfall derived from SSM/I
Authors: Chang Alfred T. C. , Chiu Long S. , Wilheit Thomas T. 
Published: October 2006

Accurate measurements of global precipitation are vital to the advancement of our understanding of the global hydrological cycle. The lack of rain‐gauge networks over the vast oceans points to satellite techniques as the only means by which oceanic rainfall can be measured and monitored. Passive microwave satellite measurements, obtained by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites, augmented with sophisticated retrieval and statistical techniques, can now provide quantitative climate‐scale oceanic rainfall estimates.It has long been recognized that precipitation is a major component of the global hydrological cycle and of the energetics of atmospheric circulation. However, the spatial and temporal variabilities of rain fields and the scarcity of rain‐gauge networks, especially over the oceans, lead to large uncertainties in oceanic rainfall climatology.
Authors, review yourselves!
Authors: Emiliani Cesare 
Published: October 2006

We all know that the process of reviewing scientific papers, research proposals, or books is a royal pain for everybody. The reviewers have better things to do, the editors are in a perennial state of nervous collapse trying to get reviews back in time, and the reviewees risk heart attacks each time they scan the obviously unfair reviews of their work.The reviewing of research proposals is particularly daunting because money, often in large amounts, is involved. In fact, it is so daunting that it has attracted the Congressional eye (Science, 1992, vol. 156, p. 959). To placate Congress and alleviate internal tensions within the granting agencies, I have proposed the adoption of the “Absolute Review System” (ARS). In this system, the principal investigator (P.I.) does the reviewing. As I discussed in a recent article in the Journal of Irreproducible Results (1992, vol. 37, p. 12), the advantages are colossal.
Wind profiler installed in Antarctica
Authors: Balsley B. B. , Carey J. , Woodman R. F. , Sarango M. , Urbina J. , Rodriguez R. , Ragaini E. 
Published: October 2006

A VHF (50 MHz) wind profiler was installed in Antarctica at the Peruvian Base “Machu Picchu” on King George Island from January 21 to 26. The wind profiler will provide a first look at atmospheric dynamics over the region.The profiler—the first of its kind in Antarctica—is a National Science Foundationsponsored cooperative project of the University of Colorado, the Geophysical Institute of Peru, the University of Piura (Peru), and the Peruvian Navy. This venture was also greatly facilitated by Peru's Comision Nacional de Asuntos Antartidos and Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia, with additional logis tics support provided by the Argentinean Navy and the Uruguayan Air Force.