bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of otic capsule formation
Authors: Van De Water Thomas R. , Mcphee Joseph R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe otocyst is the epithelial anlage of the membranous labyrinth that interacts with surrounding head mesenchyme tissue during formation of the otic capsule. In vitro studies were performed to gain a better understanding of the role that epithelial‐mesenchymal tissue interactions play in development of the otic capsule. Parallel series of otocyst/mesenchyme (O/M) and isolated periotic mesenchyme (M) explants provided morphological and biochemical data. The results indicate that epithelial‐mesenchymal tissue interactions control development of both the otic capsule and the perilymphatic spaces. The otocyst induces cartilage differentiation in periotic mesenchyme between embryonic days 11 to 13 and organizes otic capsule morphology between embryonic days 13 to 14 in the mouse embryo. The otocyst exerts a localized repression of chondrogenesis in nearby mesenchyme during perilymphatic space formation on embryonic days 12 to 14.
Tolusa‐hunt syndrome: Resolution of a 12‐year course after tonsillectomy
Authors: Frable Mary Ann Smith , Myer Edwin C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors review the symptoms, physical findings, possible causes, and treatment of Tolusa‐Hunt syndrome (THS). The authors present a patient with THS and tonsillitis. The symptoms, except for blindness, were alleviated after tonsillectomy. Anatomical relationships of the tonsils to the cavernous sinus are demonstrated and tonsillitis as a possible trigger mechanism of THS is suggested.
Respiratory activity of the cricothyroid muscle in conscious humans
Authors: Woodson Gayle E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe cricothyroid muscle serves as an accessory muscle of respiration in anesthetized animals. The functional significance of this activity is unknown. To determine respiratory cricothyroid muscle activity in conscious humans, cricothyroid muscle electromyogram was measured per‐cutaneously, along with posterior cricoarytenoid muscle electromyogram and esophageal pressure in six volunteers. Low level cricothyroid muscle activity with quiet breathing was observed in four subjects. In all subjects, cricothyroid muscle activity was recruited by voluntary deep breathing, brief airway occlusion, and hypercapnia. Continuous positive airway pressure at 7.5‐cm H2O increased expiratory cricothyroid muscle activity in all subjects, and suppressed inspiratory activity in five. These results indicate that respiratory reflexes of the cricothyroid muscle are operative in conscious humans.
A new method to predict safe resection of the internal carotid artery
Authors: De Vries Egbert J. , Sekhar Laligam N. , Horton Joseph A. , Eibling David E. , Janecka Ivo P. , Schramm Victor L. , Yonas Howard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA patent internal carotid artery (ICA) is essential in most patients. Management of skull base lesions often requires translocation, Balloon embolization, or resection of this vessel. Preoperative tests to assess the availability of collateral flow have not been uniformly accurate. A new test that significantly increases the safety of surgical removal of the ICA is described.One hundred thirty‐six patients were studied with temporary balloon occlusion (TBO) of the ICA and determination of stable xenon‐enhanced computed tomography cerebral blood flow (Xe/CT CBF) measurements. Eleven patients failed TBO and were determined to be at very high risk of stroke with loss of the ICA. Ninety‐six of the patients were predicted to be at minimal risk with permanent loss of the ICA by Xe/CT CBF studies. Twenty‐one patients in this group had either permanent balloon occlusion (PBO) or surgical resection of the ICA with no permanent neurologic sequelae.Our studies show that the combination of preoperative TBO and Xe/CT CBF studies significantly increases the safety of ICA resection.
Biochemical features of major organ of corti proteins (OCP‐I and OCP‐II) including partial amino acid sequence
Authors: Thalmann Isolde , Takahashi Kuniaki , Varghese Jogy , Comegys Thomas H. , Thalmann Ruediger 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFurther biochemical and biophysical characterization of two low‐molecular‐weight, strongly acidic proteins that are present at extremely high levels in the organ of Corti, tentatively named OCP‐I and OCP‐II, is presented. The two proteins are also present, although at much lower levels, in the vestibular end‐organs and a variety of other inner ear tissues; they have not been observed in other systems. OCP‐I and II are highly soluble and do not contain appreciable amounts of carbohydrate. The two proteins, originally described in the guinea pig, are compared electrophoretically with the corresponding proteins in several other mammalian species. Preliminary data on the amino acid composition of the two proteins are presented. Moreover, the amino‐terminal sequence of a 22‐residue segment of OCP‐II is shown and compared to the sequences of known proteins.
Transseptal approaches for pituitary surgery
Authors: Wilson W. R. , Khan A. , Laws E. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOur experience with over 147 operations for pituitary disease has given us an opportunity to use and evaluate four separate transseptal approaches. Three approaches have been described previously in the literature: the sublabial transseptal, the open rhinoplasty, and the alotomy with anterior septal dissection. The fourth approach, alotomy with posterior septal dissection, is described here. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed, as are the complications of transseptal surgery. A working knowledge of the various transseptal approaches to the pituitary is imperative for the otolaryngologist who participates in pituitary surgery.
Prognostic significance of age and tonsillectomy in uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Stevenson E. W. , Turner Gary T. , Sutton Frank D. , Doekel Robert C. , Pegram Vernon , Hernandez Joe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze the results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on 133 adult patients with sleep apnea. This group of patients was subjected to computer analysis by a statistician. Two previously unreported observations were revealed: There was a straight line decline in measurable improvement with advancing age so, by age 60, there were no patients with improvement; and patients who had tonsillectomy as a part of the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty had a markedly increased success rate compared to those who did not have tonsils.These two previously unreported observations might have significance and value in establishing guidelines for preoperative prognostic predictions of success.
Physiologic assessment of isshiki type III thyroplasty
Authors: Slavit David H. , Maragos Nicolas E. , Lipton Richard J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIsshiki type III thyroplasty is a laryngeal framework surgical procedure that lowers a patient's pitch. To objectively assess the procedure, preoperative and postoperative voice recordings, as well as electroglottography and photo‐glottography were performed. Jitter, shimmer, and glot‐tographic quotients were measured to assess changes in vibratory pattern. The mean and range of frequencies in contextual speech was also determined. Analysis of the preoperative and postoperative data from two patients with over 1 year follow‐up showed a decrease in frequency of vibration. Postoperatively, the vocal folds still vibrated in a regular pattern as described by the myoelastic‐aerody‐namic theory. There was no increase in jitter or shimmer quotient. The Isshiki type HI thyroplasty appears capable of lowering fundamental frequency of speech without adversely affecting the vibratory mode of the vocal folds.
Longitudinal voice quality changes following isshiki thyroplasty type I: The yale experience
Authors: Sasaki Clarence T. , Leder Steven B. , Petcu Louis , Friedman Craig D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLongitudinal voice quality changes following Isshiki thyroplasty type I were investigated in a group of 18 patients exhibiting unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Thyroplasty type I medializes the paralyzed fold by using a Silastic® implant for external lateral compression of the abducted fold. No perioperative complications were experienced. We observed significantly higher voice fundamental frequency, significantly louder voice intensity, and significantly longer maximum phonation time, both immediately following phono‐surgery and up to 3 months postoperatively. Surgical refinements of thyroplasty type I are described.
Local control of auricular, periauricular, and external canal cutaneous malignancies with mohs surgery
Authors: Niparko John K. , Swanson Neil A. , Baker Shan R. , Telian Steven A. , Sullivan Michael J. , Kemink John L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree hundred ninety‐seven patients with 407 cutaneous malignancies of the auricle, periauricular region, and cartilaginous external ear canal were reviewed. Tumors were most commonly located in the preauricular and postauricu‐lar regions, followed by the helix, concha, antihelix, and ear canal. All lesions were excised with Mohs microscopic control of margins. For lesions requiring lateral temporal bone resection, an adaptation of fresh‐tissue microscopic control was used to analyze deep and anterior margins suspected of harboring residual tumor. Two‐year minimum follow‐up of 229 patients with periauricular and auricular tumors (N = 231 tumors) and 14 patients with cartilaginous ear canal tumors (N = 14 tumors) revealed recurrence rates of 6.9% and 14.3%, respectively. Recurrences were most common in cases of large tumors (>2.5 cm), basal cell carcinomas with morphea elements, and multiply recurrent lesions. We conclude that Mohs surgery is comparatively effective, though not uniformly curative, and can be adapted to supplement excision of large tumors in these regions.
Managing segmental facial nerve injuries by surgical repair
Authors: May Mark , Sobol Steven M. , Mester Sara J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis report describes our experiences and evolving philosophy with regard to managing segmental facial nerve injuries. We present the results of 13 facial nerve repairs of traumatic injury to a segment of the facial nerve. All peripheral facial nerve branches contribute essential elements to normal mimetic facial movement; therefore, we recommend early, appropriate repair of the nerve segment. This recommendation is based on principles established for managing disruptions of the main trunk of the facial nerve. It offers the patient the chance for complete recovery of facial function.
Surgical therapy of the eyelids in patients with facial paralysis
Authors: Freeman M. Sean , Thomas J. Regan , Spector J. Gershon , Larrabee Wayne F. , Bowman Carol A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with facial paralysis have a degree of lagoph‐thalmos and paralytic ectropion. We present our experience in the surgical management of 25 consecutive patients treated for these problems. Paralytic lagophthalmos was corrected using gold weights inserted into the upper eyelid. The advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique are reviewed. Medial canthoplasty and lateral can‐thoplasty were performed to rectify paralytic ectropion. Ancillary procedures included browpexy, upper‐lid blepha‐roplasty, and temporalis sling. The results were excellent in 23 of 25 patients and good in the remaining two. After a minimum of 6 months' follow‐up, there were no complications. The authors believe that the above procedures will yield consistently excellent cosmetic and functional results in patients with paralysis of the eyelids.
Verbal communication for the ventilator‐dependent patient: Voice intensity with the portex “talk”® tracheostomy tube
Authors: Leder Steven B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA patient's ability to communicate is critical to overall medical care, psychological functioning, and social interactions. Voice intensity levels produced by 20 patients with Portex “Talk”® cuffed speaking tracheostomy tubes were investigated at three different airflow rates. Results indicated that audible and intelligible speech was produced with significantly greater intensity (P<.001) over ambient room noise at 5 1/minute, 10 1/minute, and 15 1/minute of airflow. Also, significantly greater voice intensity (P<.001) was noted as airflow increased from 51/minute to 10 1/minute and from 10 1/minute to 15 1/minute. The criteria, rationale, and importance of using a speaking tracheostomy tube with cognitively intact ventilator‐dependent patients are discussed. The specific advantages and disadvantages of the Portex “Talk”® tracheostomy tube are delineated. A case study is included.
Type B haemophilus influenzae—induced otitis media in the mouse
Authors: Krekorian Terry D. , Keithley Elizabeth M. , Harris Jeffrey P. , Fierer Joshua 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo characterize the middle and inner ear cellular inflammatory responses to otitis media using im‐munohistochemical methods, we inoculated type B Haemophilus influenzae into the middle ears of healthy adult BALB/c mice. Mac‐1+ neutrophils and macrophages appeared in the middle ear at 3 days. Lyt‐1+ T cells and Lyt‐2+ T suppressor/cytotoxic cells entered the middle ear mucosa on days 7 and 14. IgG+ and IgM+ T cells were present at all time points, with IgA+ lymphocytes forming the majority of mucosal immunoglobulin‐bearing cells at 2 weeks. The co‐chlear scala tympani contained Lyt‐1+ and Mac‐1+ cells and two endolymphatic sacs stained diffusely with anti‐IgA and ‐IgG antibodies. Lyt‐1/L3T4+ T lymphocytes greatly outnumbered B lymphocytes, suggesting that helper/inducer T cells play a more important role in acute otitis media than has been recognized. Inner ear changes occurred after a single episode of otitis media.
Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with large vestibular aqueduct
Authors: Okumura Tomoko , Takahashi Haruo , Honjo Iwao , Mitamura Keiko , Takagi Akira 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn examining 181 patients (327 ears) with sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology and 25 people (50 ears) with normal hearing by high‐resolution computed tomography (CT), the image of the large vestibular aqueduct (VA) was defined as being a visible large aperture (≥4 mm), and small distance between vestibule and traceable part of the VA nearest to the vestibule (≥1 mm). The large VA was found in 13 patients (23 ears, 7.0%); it was relatively frequent following hypoplastic cochlea (33 ears, 10.1%) in all the inner ear anomalies detected. In patients with large VA, high‐frequency hearing was affected more than low frequency, and history of sudden hearing loss was observed frequently (61% of ears with large VA), which was found to be triggered by characteristic episodes such as minor head trauma, etc. Those clinical features were observed more in those without cochlear anomaly than in those accompanying cochlear anomaly. Pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss and characteristic fluctuation of hearing in those patients are discussed.
Application of the principles of green chemistry in analytical chemistry
Authors: Koel Mihkel , Kaljurand Mihkel 
Published: October 2006

The introduction of the dimension of green chemistry into the assessment of analytical methods should be a natural development trend in chemistry and should coincide with its general policy. Some of the principles of green chemistry - such as prevention of waste generation; safer solvents and auxiliaries; design for energy efficiency; safer chemistry to minimize the potential of chemical accidents; development of instrumental methods - are directly related to analytical chemistry.Analytical chemistry is considered to be a small-scale activity, but this is not always true in the case of controlling and monitoring laboratories whose number of runs performed is high. This makes an analytical laboratory comparable with the fine chemicals or pharmaceutical industry. The use of instrumental methods instead of wet chemistry, automation, and minimization is a new trend in analytical chemistry, making this branch of chemistry more sustainable. In this study, widespread separation methods are considered and an attempt is made to characterize them against the above-mentioned principles. Special attention is given to capillary electrophoresis (CE), which provides a very good opportunity to improve analytical chemistry by replacing many chromatographic methods that consume large volumes of solvents. The choice of different solvents and micronization in analytical chemistry is also discussed.
Hypermethylated RASSF1A in Maternal Plasma: A Universal Fetal DNA Marker that Improves the Reliability of Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Chan KC Allen , Ding Chunming , Gerovassili Ageliki , Yeung Sze W , Chiu Rossa WK , Leung Tse N , Lau Tze K , Chim Stephen SC , Chung Grace TY , Nicolaides Kypros H , Lo YM Dennis 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background: We recently demonstrated that the promoter of the RASSF1A gene is hypermethylated in the placenta and hypomethylated in maternal blood cells. This methylation pattern allows the use of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion for detecting the placental-derived hypermethylated RASSF1A sequences in maternal plasma.
Methods: We performed real-time PCR after methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion to detect placental-derived RASSF1A sequences in the plasma of 28 1st-trimester and 43 3rd-trimester pregnant women. We used maternal plasma to perform prenatal fetal rhesus D (RhD) blood group typing for 54 early-gestation RhD-negative women, with hypermethylated RASSF1A as the positive control for fetal DNA detection.
Results: Hypermethylated RASSF1A sequences were detectable in the plasma of all 71 pregnant women. The genotype of plasma RASSF1A after enzyme digestion was identical to the fetal genotype in each case, thus confirming its fetal origin. Nineteen of the 54 pregnant women undergoing prenatal fetal RhD genotyping showed undetectable RHD sequences in their plasma DNA samples. The fetal DNA control, RASSF1A, was not detectable in 4 of the 19 women. Subsequent chorionic villus sample analysis revealed that 2 of these 4 women with negative RHD and RASSF1A signals were in fact carrying RhD-positive fetuses.
Conclusions: Hypermethylated RASSF1A is a universal marker for fetal DNA and is readily detectable in maternal plasma. When applied to prenatal RhD genotyping, this marker allows the detection of false-negative results caused by low fetal DNA concentrations in maternal plasma. This new marker can also be applied to many other prenatal diagnostic and monitoring scenarios.
Prealbumin Serum Concentrations as a Useful Tool in the Assessment of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Devoto Gianluigi , Gallo Fabrizio , Marchello Concetta , Racchi Omar , Garbarini Roberta , Bonassi Stefano , Albalustri Giorgio , Haupt Enrico 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Background: Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a common condition among patients admitted to hospitals, and it is associated with a worse prognosis and increased mortality. Although several screening systems have been developed, PEM is still poorly recognized, and there is no consensus on which test is more reliable and feasible in clinical practice. Prealbumin (PAB) is a potential useful PEM marker because its serum concentrations are closely related to early changes in nutritional status.
Methods: We studied PEM prevalence and PAB serum concentrations in 108 hospitalized patients. The Detailed Nutritional Assessment (DNA) was used as the reference method to determine PEM. PAB performance was compared with that of 2 other methods, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index score (PINI).
Results: According to the DNA reference method, 41% of patients were classified with mild malnutrition and 19% with severe malnutrition. PAB showed the best concordance with the standard DNA method (concordance index, 76.8%) and a good sensitivity/specificity profile (83.1%/76.7%) compared with SGA and PINI.
Conclusions: We conclude that PAB could represent a feasible and reliable tool in the evaluation of malnutrition, especially in settings where it is difficult to obtain a more detailed and comprehensive nutritional assessment such as the DNA.
Chondrogenic Differentiation Alters the Immunosuppressive Property of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, and the Effect Is Partially due to the Upregulated Expression of B7 Molecules
Authors: Chen Xi , McClurg Angela , Zhou Guang-Qian , McCaigue Mervyn , Armstrong Marilyn Ann , Li Gang 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
To investigate the immunosuppressive properties of MSCs, in the present study we examined the immunogenicity of undifferentiated and trilineage-differentiated (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes) rat bone marrow-derived MSCs under xenogeneic conditions. After chondrogenic differentiation, rat bone marrow-derived MSCs stimulated human dendritic cells (hDCs) derived from peripheral blood monocytes, leading to eight- and fourfold higher lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity than that of undifferentiated MSCs. The chondrogenic-differentiated MSCs were chemotactic to hDCs in Dunn chamber chemotaxis system and were rosetted by hDCs in rosette assays. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that chondrogenic-differentiated MSCs had promoted hDC maturation, causing higher CD83 expression in hDCs, whereas undifferentiated MSCs and osteogenic- and adipogenic-differentiated MSCs showed an inhibitory effect on hDC maturation. The costimulatory B7 molecules were upregulated only in the chondrogenic-differentiated MSCs. After blocking B7 molecules with specific monoclonal antibodies in the chondrogenic-differentiated MSCs, CD83 expression of cocultured hDCs was greatly reduced. In conclusion, chondrogenic differentiation may increase the immunogenicity of MSCs, leading to stimulation of dendritic cells. The upregulated expression of B7 molecules on the chondrogenic-differentiated MSCs may be partially responsible for this event.