bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE, TESTOSTERONE METABOLITES AND ANTI-ANDROGENS ON THE FUNCTION OF THE MALE ACCESSORY GLANDS IN THE RABBIT AND RAT
Authors: JONES ROY 
Published: December 2008

The androgenic potencies of testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol towards the prostate, glandula seminalis + glandula vesicularis, ampullae and epididymis were evaluated after administration to castrated rabbits. The influence of cyproterone acetate, stilboestrol and medrogestone on accessory gland function was also investigated in rabbits and rats.
In the rabbit it was found that the minimum dose of testosterone propionate that would maintain the function of all accessory glands at normal levels was approximately 200 μg/ animal/day. Higher levels of testosterone propionate overstimulated the function of the prostate, glandula seminalis + glandula vesicularis and ampullae, but did not affect the epididymis. Whereas testosterone propionate and 5α-dihydrotestosterone propionate were essentially equipotent in their capacity to support growth and secretory activity and stimulated all the accessory glands, 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol dipropionate had a pronounced differential effect; it was considerably more potent than testosterone propionate in promoting secretion in the prostate, but was ineffective in maintaining the function of the epididymis. 5α-Androstane-3β,17β-diol dipropionate was the weakest androgen tested. Evidence also indicated that the potency of a steroid can depend on whether it is administered as its free or esterified form.
Cyproterone acetate suppressed fructose secretion in the prostate of the rabbit but had no adverse effects on the function of the epididymis in either the rabbit or rat. Stilboestrol was the most potent anti-androgen tested and medrogestone the least effective.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND BLOOD CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE AUSTRALIAN LUNGFISH NEOCERATODUS FORSTERI
Authors: BLAIR-WEST J. R. , COGHLAN J. P. , DENTON D. A. , GIBSON ANGELA P. , ODDIE CATHERINE J. , SAWYER W. H. , SCOGGINS B. A. 
Published: December 2008

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and blood aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone levels were measured in Australian lungfish. Plasma renin activity was depressed after intravenous infusions of iso-osmotic (0·6%) NaCl but not after hypo-osmotic (0·3%) infusions. The presence of PRA in this fish is consistent with prior reports of renal renin activity in other sarcopterygian fishes. The results of the infusion experiments suggest that a fall in plasma osmolality or electrolyte concentrations may oppose the reduction in renin release in response to volume expansion.
Aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone were identified in the blood of Neoceratodus. The concentrations of both appeared higher in females than in males. Infusions of [5-valine]-angiotensin II amide for 2–4 h at rates known to increase blood pressure in this species did not alter blood aldosterone concentrations. This negative finding may suggest that the renin/angiotensin system is not involved in aldosterone regulation in Neoceratodus or that angiotensin receptors involved in regulation of steroidogenesis have a greater specificity for endogenous angiotensin than do vascular receptors.
INDUCTION OF PEROXIDASE IN THE RAT UTERUS UNDER VARIOUS ENDOCRINE CONDITIONS
Authors: JELLINCK P. H. , NEWCOMBE ANNE-MARIE 
Published: December 2008

Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
(Received 25 January 1977)
Previous studies (Lyttle & Jellinck, 1972) have shown that an enzyme that catalyses the binding of oestradiol to protein and other high molecular weight substances in the presence of H2O2 is absent from the uteri of immature rats, but can be induced by physiological doses of oestradiol or pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG).
We now report the effect of oestradiol and PMSG administered in vivo on the induction of peroxidase in the uteri of rats under various endocrine conditions. The effects of oestradiol and progesterone on the formation of the uterine enzyme after a priming dose of oestrogen were also investigated.
Uterine peroxidase was prepared from immature (26-29 days old) Holtzman rats weighing 70-90 g as described previously (Lyttle & Jellinck, 1972) and assayed by its ability to convert [4-14C] oestradiol to water-soluble products in the
RESPONSIVENESS OF FOETAL MOUSE TESTIS TO GONADOTROPHINS AT VARIOUS TIMES DURING SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: POINTIS G. , MAHOUDEAU J. A. 
Published: December 2008

Laboratoire de Chimie Hormonale Maternité de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France and †Centre de Recherches Endocrinologiques, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue du Faubourg St-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
(Received 31 January 1977)
It has been suggested that testosterone production by the foetal testis is under gonadotrophin control (Catt, Dufau, Neaves, Walsh & Wilson, 1975; Warren, Haltmeyer & Eik-Nes, 1975), but the particular roles of foetal pituitary and/or chorionic gonadotrophin are not clearly understood. We have previously demonstrated that a substance with both the biological and radioimmunological properties of luteinizing hormone (LH) is present in the pituitary gland of the male mouse foetus at 18 days of gestation (Pointis & Mahoudeau, 1976a, b). In the present work, we attempted to determine whether the pituitary gland of the male mouse foetus exhibits gonadotrophic activity during earlier stages of genital tract differentiation.
On days 14-18 of gestation, the gonads and pituitary glands of male foetuses (Albino
EFFECT OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN ON PROLACTIN SECRETION IN THE MOUSE
Authors: LARSON B. A. , SINHA Y. N. , VANDERLAAN W. P. 
Published: December 2008

Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037, U.S.A.
(Received 9 February 1977)
When administered systemically, 5-hydroxytryptophan increases the concentration of prolactin in the serum of rats (Lu & Meites, 1973) and man (Maclndoe & Turkington, 1973). Ergocornine administered to the mouse depresses the concentration of prolactin in both the pituitary gland and the serum (Sinha, Selby & VanderLaan, 1974). This study was designed to examine whether 5-hydroxytryptophan induces the secretion of prolactin in the mouse and whether ergocornine will inhibit the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan.
Male Swiss Webster mice aged 60-90 days and weighing 33-35 g were used. The mice were housed in plastic cages, five per cage. Blood specimens (100 μ) were collected without anaesthesia by orbital sinus puncture and the serum was separated and stored at −20°C for prolactin analysis by an homologous radioimmunoassay (Sinha, Selby, Lewis & VanderLaan, 1972). A 1:25 000
CHANGES IN NEUROMAST CHEMOSENSITIVITY IN XENOPUS LAEVIS KEPT UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: BLANCHI D. , GUARDABASSI A. 
Published: December 2008

Istituti di Fisiologia generale e di Istologia ed Embriologia della Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Università di Torino, Italy
(Received 18 February 1977)
In Xenopus laevis, chemosensitivity declines after subtotal hypophysectomy, but is restored to a normal level by injections of ovine prolactin (Blanchi, Camino & Guardabassi, 1976). Changes in the level of endogenous prolactin should, therefore, also give this effect. This might be shown experimentally in progressively desiccated toads, which would mimic the conditions prevailing in their natural habitat. The possibility was examined with animals housed in a thermostatic cupboard at 24–28 °C in containers lined in the bottom with a layer of drying mud. After 7days, to simulate a heavy shower, some toads were abruptly thrown into tap water. The neuromast chemosensitivity of six animals kept under dry conditions was compared with that of neuromasts from 'dry' animals returned to water for 12(1 animal), 24 (5)
EFFECTS OF ANGIOTENSIN II ON ARGININE-VASOPRESSIN IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IN MAN
Authors: PADFIELD P. L. , MORTON J. J. 
Published: December 2008

Studies were designed to determine whether angiotensin II has a direct stimulatory effect on arginine-vasopressin in man and to determine the role, if any, played by angiotensin II in the control of vasopressin release in physiological and pathological conditions.
Acute infusion of angiotensin II in normal volunteers produced small but definite increases in plasma levels of arginine-vasopressin (5·4 ± 0·3 (s.e.m.) to 6·4 ± 0·2 pg/ml) only when plasma angiotensin II levels were supraphysiological.
Concurrent measurements of plasma arginine-vasopressin and angiotensin II were made during acute changes in fluid balance and posture in normal volunteers and in clinical conditions characterized by high plasma levels of angiotensin II (Addison's disease and Bartter's syndrome). The results of these studies allow us to conclude that there is little to suggest a direct effect of angiotensin II which is likely to be relevant to the normal physiological control of arginine-vasopressin in man.
EPISODIC SECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN A MALE TRANS-SEXUAL DURING TREATMENT WITH OESTROGEN BOTH BEFORE AND AFTER ORCHIDECTOMY
Authors: LENTON E. A. , MILNER GILLIAN R. , COOKE I. D. , JENNER F. A. , SAMPSON G. A. 
Published: December 2008

*University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, S3 7RE, †University Department of Paediatrics, Childrens Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2TH and ‡Medical Research Council Unit for Metabolic Studies in Psychiatry, Middlewood Hospital, Sheffield, S6 1TD
(Received 22 February 1977)
In 1965, Frantz & Rabkin reported a difference between the mean concentrations of growth hormone (GH) in the plasma of men and women during fasting, and recently the level of GH in the plasma has been shown to fluctuate from minute to minute (Finkelstein, Roffward, Boyar, Kream & Hellman, 1972). This work describes the spontaneous episodic pattern of GH secretion in a 27-year-old male trans-sexual before and after stilboestrol therapy, and after gonadectomy, again with and without oestrogen supplementation.
Blood samples were collected for 15 min on four occasions: the patient as a normal male (test 1); several months after the patient had been prescribed diethylstilboestrol (5 mg daily,
DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN THE DEGRADATION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE BY THE SERUM AND BRAIN TISSUES OF THE MALE RAT
Authors: OLIVER C. , PARKER C. R. , PORTER J. C. 
Published: December 2008

*Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale, UER Médecine Nord, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13326 Marseille Cedex 3, France and †Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235, U.S.A.
(Received 15 March 1977)
Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) is rapidly degraded when incubated at 37 °C with plasma (Redding & Schally, 1969) or brain homogenates (Bassiri & Utiger, 1974) from adult rats. However, immunoreactive TRH is stable in serum obtained from rats less than 2 weeks old (Oliver, Taurog & Porter, 1974). No loss of biological or immunological TRH activity occurs during incubation with serum from 4- or 16-day-old rats (Neary, Kieffer, Federico, Mover, Maloof & Soodak, 1976). In this report, we have determined the TRH degrading activity of brain homogenates and serum obtained from male rats at various stages of development after birth.
Synthetic TRH (1 ng, Beckman Instruments, Inc.) diluted in 50 μl phosphate-buffered saline (0·01
EFFECTS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF GONADOTROPHS IN THE FOETUS OF THE RHESUS MONKEY NEAR TERM
Authors: TSENG M. T. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Eighty micrograms of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) were infused systemically into male and female foetuses of rhesus monkeys near term. Control animals were given infusions of saline. Morphologically, the control gonadotrophs varied from cells filled with secretory granules to highly stimulated cells with numerous cytoplasmic vesicles. In the LH-RH-treated animals, however, many cells showed depletion of secretory granules, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum and condensed nuclear chromatin. It is concluded, therefore, that foetal gonadotrophs can respond to administration of synthetic LH-RH.
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PARATHYROID HORMONE: CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTISERA AGAINST SYNTHETIC 1–34 HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE AND EVIDENCE THAT POSITION 30 IN HUMAN PARATHYROID HORMONE IS ASPARTIC ACID
Authors: VISSER T. J. , BUURMAN C. J. , BIRKENHÄGER J. C. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Radioimmunoassays for the measurement of the 1–34 human parathyroid hormone fragment (1–34 hPTH) were developed using antisera raised in rabbits against synthetic 1–34 hPTH-N (amino acid sequence proposed by Niall). Binding of 125I-labelled 1–34 hPTH-N to these antisera was optimal at pH 5·5. Limits of detection varied between 25 and 200 pg/ml. Cross-reactivity of 1–34 bovine PTH was substantial in all assays; 1–34 hPTH-B (structure proposed by Brewer), 1–84 hPTH and 1–29 hPTH cross-reacted only with antisera from one animal. 1–29 Human PTH was obtained from partial hydrolysis of both 1–84 hPTH and 1–34 hPTH-N. Production of 1–29 hPTH from 1–84 hPTH was demonstrated by comparison of the elution profiles of the reaction product and 1–29 bovine PTH on Sephadex G-50. Thus, evidence was obtained that position 30 in native hPTH is occupied by an aspartic acid residue.
ANDROGENIC CONTROL OF THE HARDERIAN GLAND IN THE MALE GOLDEN HAMSTER
Authors: PAYNE A. P. , McGADEY J. , MOORE M. R. , THOMPSON G. 
Published: December 2008

In the golden hamster, there are marked sex differences in the Harderian gland. Male glands (which are heavier than female glands) possess two cell forms (Type I and Type II cells); female glands only exhibit the former. Female (but not male) glands contain large amounts of porphyrin, which are readily visible as solid depositions within the lumina.
The weight, histology and porphyrin content of the Harderian gland was examined in intact adult male hamsters and in male hamsters castrated for 1, 2 or 8 months. Castration resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of the gland, the disappearance of Type II cells, and the presence in the gland of solid porphyrin accretions. The levels of copro- and (especially) protoporphyrin were greatly increased. These changes were more marked with time after castration. When the ability of diverse androgens (testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione), dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone) to prevent these changes was tested, testosterone and androstenedione maintained glandular weight. All the androgens maintained normal frequencies of Type II cells and all except dehydroepiandrosterone prevented deposition of porphyrin. The potencies of the various androgens in maintaining normal Harderian gland morphology and activity are compared with their effects on other somatic variables and sexual behaviour.
ACTION OF RAT PROLACTIN ON PLASMA SOMATOMEDIN LEVELS IN THE RAT AND ON SOMATOMEDIN RELEASE FROM PERFUSED RAT LIVER
Authors: HILL D. J. , FRANCIS M. J. O. , MILNER R. D. G. 
Published: December 2008

Rat prolactin at a concentration of 50 ng/ml perfusion medium stimulated the production of somatomedin-like activity (SLA) from the perfused liver of normal rats. The effect was demonstrable in perfusions performed at 11.00 h in which rat prolactin caused a mean (±s.e.m.) increase in the uptake of [35S]sulphate into rat costal cartilage in vitro of 64 ± 14% in comparison with controls, but at 15.00 h no effect was observed. No effect of rat prolactin on hypophysectomized rat liver was detectable at 11.00 h.
Hypophysectomized and sham-operated rats were given five intravenous injections of 50 μg rat prolactin or a similar volume of hormone solvent at 12 h intervals. Plasma somatomedin activity (SMA) and cartilage metabolism, measured by the uptake of radioactive sulphate and thymidine by costal cartilage in vitro, were similar in hypophysectomized animals given rat prolactin or hormone solvent. Sham-operated rats given rat prolactin showed a significant increase of plasma SMA and cartilage metabolism compared with control animals.
The production of SLA by rat liver in response to rat prolactin may be related to the density of specific hepatic lactogenic receptors, since these are absent or present only in low numbers in hypophysectomized animals.
EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS ON WATER METABOLISM OF THE TOAD BUFO MARINUS
Authors: BAKKER H. R. , BRADSHAW S. D. 
Published: December 2008

The rate of cutaneous water uptake after dehydration was significantly depressed in functionally neurohypophysectomized toads (Bufo marinas), which consequently regained weight much more slowly than intact toads when returned to water.
Toads bearing hypothalamic lesions were able to develop an antidiuresis when removed from water to a saturated atmosphere, but the antidiuresis was solely glomerular in origin and was established more slowly than in intact animals. The fractional reabsorption of filtrate increased significantly and the relative free water clearance decreased significantly in intact toads after removal from water. These changes in tubular function, which were not seen in lesioned toads, were responsible for the development of a more rapid and effective antidiuresis in intact animals.
Injections of iso-osmotic saline, oxytocin (250 mu./100 g) and vasopressin (50 mu./100 g) had no significant effect on rates of cutaneous water uptake in both intact and lesioned toads. Injections of hyperosmotic saline, however, significantly increased rates of water uptake in both groups of toads, but to a much greater extent in the intact animals. Fluid retention arising from a marked antidiuresis occurred after the injection of vasopressin and hyperosmotic saline, and there was some evidence of an antidiuretic effect of oxytocin with the doses used here.
These results and their bearing on the question of the functional significance of the neurohypophysis in anuran amphibians are discussed.
VASOTOCIN RELEASE INTO THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF CATS INDUCED BY LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE, THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE AND GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE-INHIBITING HORMONE
Authors: GOLDSTEIN R. , PAVEL S. 
Published: December 2008

Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Rumania
(Received 29 March 1977)
The mammalian pineal gland contains (Pavel, 1965) and synthesizes (Pavel, Goldstein, Ghinea & Calb, 1977) the nonapeptide arginine-vasotocin (AVT). Since luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH–RH), thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin, SRIF) have now been localized not only in the brain, but also in the pineal gland (White, Hedlund, Weber, Rippel, Johnston & Wilber, 1974; Pelletier, Le Clerc, Dube, Labrie, Puviani, Arimura & Schally, 1975), we investigated the effects of these peptides on the release of AVT into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cats.
Intracarotid injections of 0·1 μg LH-RH, TRH (Hoechst, Frankfurt), SRIF (Serono, Rome) or oxytocin (Syntocinon, Sandoz Ltd, Basel) in 0·5 ml saline were given to urethane-anaesthetized male cats weighing 3–4 kg. Controls received an equal volume of saline only. The pineal glands were removed 60 min after the injections, quickly homogenized, and extracted
BIOSYNTHESIS OF ALDOSTERONE FROM 18-HYDROXYLATED PRECURSORS BY RAT ADRENAL TISSUE IN VITRO
Authors: FATTAH D. I. , WHITEHOUSE B. J. , VINSON G. P. 
Published: December 2008

Rat adrenal capsules incubated with [3H]18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) and [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone gave appreciable yields of aldosterone from both precursors, similar in size to those obtained from labelled corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone and progesterone under the same conditions. After feeding rats for 14 days on a flour diet deficient in sodium, aldosterone production from endogenous precursors in vitro was increased twofold compared with that by adrenal glands from animals receiving the flour diet with 1% sodium chloride added (control diet). When adrenal capsules from animals on the low-sodium flour diet were incubated with high specific activity [3H]18-OH-DOC (sp. act. 40 Ci/mmol), the yield of [3H]aldosterone was increased two- to threefold compared with that produced by capsules from animals on the control diet. When capsules were incubated with low specific activity [3H] 18-OH-DOC and [14C]corticosterone (sp. act. 52 mCi/mmol) only the yield of [14C]aldosterone was increased. Yields of labelled 18-hydroxycorticosterone from all precursors tested were increased three- to fourfold in animals receiving the low-sodium diet relative to the controls.
The results show that 18-OH-DOC can be an effective precursor for aldosterone formation by rat adrenal capsules, and that production of aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone from this precursor can be stimulated by a low-sodium diet. This suggests the existence of an alternative pathway for aldosterone biosynthesis involving 18-OH-DOC as an intermediate.
GENETIC VARIATION IN THE SECRETION OF OESTROGEN IN THE EWE
Authors: WHEELER A. G. , BAIRD D. T. , LAND R. B. , SCARAMUZZI R. J. 
Published: December 2008

A.R.C. Animal Breeding Research Organisation, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JQ and †M.R.C. Unit of Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EHI 2QW
(Received 12 May 1977)
It has been suggested that the sensitivity of ewes to the negative and positive feedback effects of oestrogen can be related to the rate of ovulation of the breed (Land, 1976; Land, Wheeler & Carr, 1976), and may be associated with different patterns of oestrogen secretion as inferred by Land, Thompson & Baird (1972). However, no apparent differences between the concentrations of oestrogens in jugular venous plasma from ewes with differing rates of ovulation have been reported (Bindon, Blanc, Pelletier, Terqui & Thimonier, 1975; Scaramuzzi & Land, 1976). The pulsatile nature of the ovarian secretion of oestradiol (Baird, Swanston & Scaramuzzi, 1976) and the fact that the concentrations of oestrogen in peripheral plasma are so
METABOLISM OF TESTOSTERONE BY FOREHEAD SKIN OF THE ROEBUCK (CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS)
Authors: JOHNSON ELIZABETH , LEASK J. T. S. 
Published: December 2008

Roebucks have a specialized region of skin on the forehead which contains sebaceous and apocrine glands that produce secretions used in territorial marking. These glands enlarge during the breeding season and regress after the rut as the testes regress.
The metabolism of testosterone by this forehead skin in vitro was studied in two captive roebucks over the period of glandular enlargement and subsequent regression, and compared with that of dorsal skin. In May, June and July, both areas of skin actively metabolized testosterone and the metabolites detected were androstenedione, androstanedione, dihydrotestosterone, epiandrosterone, androsterone and 5α-androstanediols. There were no major differences in testosterone metabolism between the two body sites, although dorsal skin appeared to be more active in total metabolism than forehead skin. There was a peak in the extent of metabolism in June/July, with a subsequent gradual decline to December. The decline in metabolism occurred at a time when the associated glands were still enlarged, which suggests that the availability of androgen to the skin glands is determined not only by the amount of testosterone in the circulation, but also by a decrease in the metabolizing capacity of the tissue.