bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vehicular volume on the early pulmonary injury and inflammatory response in rats inoculated intratracheally with silica
Authors: Lopez Alfonso , Yong Shirley , Sharma Arvind , Prior Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of vehicular saline solution volume on early lesions induced in rats by intratracheal administration of silica was evaluated. Seventy-two male Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned 6 each to 12 factorial groups (3 × 2 × 2): 3 doses of silica (0, 2.5, and 5 mg), 2 volumes of vehicle (saline solution; 0.1 and 0.5 ml), and 2 postinoculation times (1 and 3 days). Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid supernatant and cell viability of bronchoalveolar cells were used as indicators of cell injury. The number of pulmonary alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were used as indicators of inflammatory response.
Dose of silica and postinoculation time had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on the biochemical and cellular composition of lavage fluid. The volume of vehicle in which silica was suspended significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the pulmonary injury and inflammatory response. However, dose-volume interaction was only significant (P < 0.05) in 1 of 6 parameters, indicating that the effect was additive, but not synergistic, in nature. Seemingly, vehicle volume had an enhanced effect on the injury and the inflammatory response induced by intratracheal inoculation of silica.
Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones and iodide in healthy and hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Broome Michael R. , Hays Marguerite T. , Turrel Jane M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The metabolic clearance rate, volume of distribution, and fractional clearance rate of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and iodide were calculated for 6 healthy and 7 hyperthyroid cats, using single-compartmental and noncompartmental methods of analysis. The mean T4 volume of distribution of the hyperthyroid cats was 32.0% less than that of the healthy cats; it was the only variable that was significantly different (P < 0.05) between these 2 groups of cats. The mean fractional clearance rate of T4 in the hyperthyroid cats was 53.2% greater than that in the healthy cats, but this difference was not significant. Hyperthyroid cats had no significant differences in T3 or iodide kinetic variables when compared with those in healthy cats. Single-compartmental analysis significantly overestimated T4 kinetic variables of healthy cats and T4, T3, and iodide kinetic variables of hyperthyroid cats when compared with the noncompartmental method of analysis.
Bovine postparturient hemoglobinemia: Hypophosphatemia and metabolic disorder in red blood cells
Authors: Ogawa Eri , Kobayashi Kosaku , Yoshiura Nobuyuki , Mukai Jun 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mechanism of hemolysis in postparturient hemoglobinemia was studied in 7 cows. Cows 1 to 5 had a history of hemoglobinemia at a previous calving, but hemoglobinemia did not occur during the present parturition. Cow 6, a daughter of cow 4, and cow 7 from another farm, developed postparturient hemoglobinemia and had hemoglobinuria on days 20 and 21 and 10 to 17 after calving, respectively. During the time cows 6 and 7 had hemoglobinuria, both cows had a marked decrease in serum inorganic phosphorus, rbc adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp), and reduced glutathione, and a significant (P < 0.01) increase in methemoglobin concentration. In cow 6, these changes were observed before the onset of hemoglobinuria, indicating metabolic disorder of rbc. After phosphate administration iv, serum inorganic phosphorus was corrected, and rbc atp was increased above base-line value. During the time cows 6 and 7 had hemoglobinuria, pcv, hemoglobin concentration, and rbc count decreased progressively and reached nadir values, 40% to 50% of baseline values, on day 22 in cow 6 and on day 19 in cow 7. Cows 6 and 7 were anemic, even after serum inorganic phosphorus and rbc atp values returned to acceptable values. Glycolytic disorder and depletion of atp, resulting from phosphorus deficiency, appeared to be a primary and essential step leading to hemolysis in postparturient hemoglobinemia in cows 6 and 7.
Intravenous administration of lenperone and glycopyrrolate followed by continuous infusion of sufentanil in dogs: Cardiovascular effects
Authors: Benson G. J. , Thurmon J. C. , Tranquilli W. J. , Corbin J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cardiopulmonary effects of iv administration of lenperone (0.44 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate (0.011 mg/kg) were determined in 6 healthy adult (2 to 5 years) Pointers during controlled ventilation with oxygen. Sufentanil was then administered as a loading dose (5 μg/kg, iv) and continually infused (0.1 μg/kg/min) for 120 minutes. Lenperone-glycopyrrolate did not significantly affect heart rate, but induced a significant decrease in systemic vascular resistance, rate-pressure product, and mean arterial pressure, and significantly increased cardiac index. Administration of sufentanil did not significantly affect mean arterial pressure. Heart rate and rate-pressure product were significnatly decreased during sufentanil infusion. Systemic vascular resistance gradually increased during the 2-hour sufentanil infusion and was not significantly different from base-line values at end of study. Cardiac index was not significantly different from baseline values during sufentanil infusion, except at 90 and 120 minutes, when it was significantly less. As administered in the present study, lenperone, glycopyrrolate, and sufentanil are safe and efficacious in adult dogs.
Blue-green algae (Microcystis aeruginosa) hepatotoxicosis in dairy cows
Authors: Galey F. D. , Beasley V. R. , Carmichael W. W. , Kleppe G. , Hooser S. B. , Haschek W. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty cows from a dairy herd consisting of 60 healthy, lactating Holsteins developed clinical signs of anorexia, mental derangement, dehydration, recumbency, and ruminal atony after ingesting water containing blue-green algae. Of the 20 cows, 9 died. The algal bloom, which developed in a stagnant pond during hot, dry weather, was identified as the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, a potentially hepatotoxic algae. One week after the onset of toxicosis, affected cows seemed healthy, although liver-associated enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were increased.
Intraruminal administration of the intact wet bloom to a healthy 125-kg Angus heifer was followed by hepatic necrosis and death. The liver was large, friable, and gun-metal blue, with microscopically evident hepatocyte dissociation, degeneration, and necrosis. The ingesta of the heifer contained typical clumps of cells that were identified as M aeruginosa. The intraperitoneal administration of lyophilized cell material from that bloom to 18 mice caused marked hepatic enlargement. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose of the dried bloom was estimated to be 10 mg/kg of body weight. A cyclic peptide toxin purified from the algae seems to be similar structurally to toxins from other characterized hepatotoxic blooms of M aeruginosa.
Effects of acute pancreatitis on circulating lipids in dogs
Authors: Whitney Marlyn S. , Boon G. Daniel , Rebar Alan H. , Ford Richard B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of acute pancreatitis on circulating lipids in dogs were evaluated by comparing the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and plasma lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns of 4 dogs with experimentally induced pancreatitis (eip), 2 (healthy) sham-operated control (soc) dogs, and 4 dogs with naturally acquired pancreatitis (nap) with the concentrations and patterns of 23 healthy, nonoperated control (hnc) dogs. Blood samples were collected once from hnc dogs, 1 to 3 times during the course of the disease in dogs with nap, and prior to and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after induction of pancreatitis in dogs with eip or after the sham operation in the soc dogs. The dogs with eip did not have turbid serum and did not develop hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia. Three of the dogs with nap had turbid serum and hypertriglyceridemia, and 3 had hypercholesterolemia. The electrophoretic tracings of hnc dogs had predominant α-1 peaks and small β peaks; 2 of the hnc dogs also had small α-2 peaks. The tracings of dogs with eip were similar to those of hnc dogs until 48 to 72 hours after induction of pancreatitis, when dogs with eip developed increased β lipoproteins, decreased α-1 lipoproteins, and movement of lipoproteins into the α-2 zone. The tracings of soc dogs were similar to those of hnc dogs at all times. Compared with hnc dogs, dogs with nap all had increased β lipoproteins, and 2 had decreased a-2 lipoproteins. Two dogs with nap had additional lipoprotein alterations, unlike any seen in dogs with
Relationship of cheek tooth abrasion to fluoride-induced permanent incisor lesions in livestock
Authors: Shupe James L. , Christofferson Paul V. , Olson Arland E. , Allred Earl S. , Hurst Rex L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Teeth from cattle, sheep, and horses that ingested various fluoride intakes and teeth from field studies of these species plus deer, elk, and bison were examined for abnormalities. Approximately 99,000 animals in 322 herds were examined for fluorosis. From field studies, 988 cattle of various ages and with different degrees of dental fluorosis were slaughtered and necropsied. The severity of fluoride-induced mottling, hypoplasia, and abnormal abrasion of paired permanent incisor teeth was correlated with abrasion of premolar and molar (cheek) teeth that form and mineralize at approximately the same age. Severe irregular wear of cheek teeth impaired mastication and resulted in poor utilization of feed and unthriftiness. Excessive amounts of fluoride during tooth formation and mineralization induce characteristic dental changes. Offspring from the fluoride-affected animals did not have discernible fluoride-induced lesions in the deciduous teeth.
Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae during involution of the bovine mammary gland: Relation to secretion composition
Authors: Oliver S. P. , Bushe T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mammary secretions from 12 Holstein dairy cows were collected to evaluate growth inhibition of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae during involution and during physiologic transitions of the mammary gland. Mammary secretions obtained during late lactation poorly inhibited growth of E coli and K pneumoniae. However, as involution progressed, mammary secretions increasingly inhibited growth of both coliform mastitis pathogens. Greatest inhibition of E coli and K pneumoniae growth was observed when mammary glands were fully involuted. Growth inhibition remained high until 7 days before parturition, and then it decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to that observed during late lactation. Inhibition of coliform mastitis pathogen growth was associated with high concentrations of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G, decreased citrate concentration, and a low citrate to lactoferrin molar ratio. These data suggested that differences in susceptibility or resistance to new intramammary infection with coliform mastitis pathogens during the nonlactating period may be attributable, in part, to marked changes in mammary secretion composition that develop during physiologic transitions of the mammary gland. Resistance of the fully involuted mammary gland to coliform infection may be associated with high concentrations of natural protective factors.
Cultivation of Anaplasma marginale from cattle in a Dermacentor cell line
Authors: Samish Michael , Pipano Eugene , Hana Bin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A tick cell line derived from Dermacentor variabilis (RML-15) was inoculated with bovine rbc infected with Anaplasma marginale. Two hours after inoculation, numerous rbc were phagocytized by the tick cells. After one passage of the cell culture, numerous groups of Anaplasma-like particles were seen in the tick cell cytoplasm. Increased numbers of Anaplasma-like particles also were present. Seemingly, Anaplasma can multiply in tick cells.
Vaccination of pregnant guinea pigs with Campylobacter fetus: Effects of antigen dose, Campylobacter strain, and adjuvant type
Authors: Bryner John H. , Firehammer B. D. , Wesley I. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
For the purpose of developing and improving vaccines to protect cattle against bovine genital campylobacteriosis, the interaction of vaccine dose, strain(s) of Campylobacter fetus, and type of adjuvant was studied in the pregnant guinea pig model. Five strains of C fetus were used in the preparation of 20 monovalent vaccines containing various doses of bacteria (0.1 mg to 20 mg, dry weight) in Freund incomplete adjuvant, Freund complete adjuvant, or aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant. Vaccinal protection against homologous or heterologous challenge exposure with viable C fetus strains was measured in terms of infection, abortion, and serum antibody titers.
Major emphasis in the study was placed on vaccines containing highly virulent C fetus subsp venerealis strains (1289 and 17761) that possess most of the heat-labile K antigens that have been identified. Vaccines incorporating strain 1289 provided greater protection against abortion than did strain 17761 vaccines (difference, 29%; P < 0.05). A positive (P = 0.61) correlation was seen between protection from abortion and strain 1289 serum antibody titer. When the titer was ≥ 4, protection was > 80%, whereas abortion was associated with a serum antibody titer ≤ 2.
In an experiment comparing 2-mg vs 20-mg doses of strain 17761 prepared in aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant, protection against challenge exposure with the heterologous strain 23 was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that against challenge exposure with the homologous strain at the 2-mg dose. Protection and titer against challenge exposure with homologous and heterologous strains were enhanced when the vaccine dose was increased from 2 to 20 mg.
As a general rule, an increase in vaccine dose of all strains tested resulted in higher antibody titers, which afforded greater protection against abortion. In guinea pigs, a 0.1 mg dose, equivalent to < 25 mg in cattle, protected minimally against challenge exposure with the homologous strain and was even less effective against challenge exposure with heterologous strains. Vaccines containing Freund incomplete adjuvant consistently stimulated higher serum antibody titers, but afforded protection comparable with that of vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant.
Prevalence of antibodies to seven viruses in a flock of ewes in Minnesota
Authors: Goyal Sagar M. , Khan Muhammad A. , McPherson Scott W. , Robinson Robert A. , Boylan William J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples were collected from a flock of healthy ewes at a University of Minnesota research station. Sera from these blood samples were tested for antibodies against 7 viruses, using 3 tests (eg, virus-neutralization test for bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus type 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus; hemagglutination inhibition test for parainfluenza virus type 3; and agar-gel immunodiffusion test for lentivirus of ovine progressive interstitial pneumonia and bluetongue virus). The number of seropositive ewes for each antibody type were 1 of 377 (0.3%) for bovine viral diarrhea virus, 2 of 377 (0.5%) for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, 29 of 378 (7.6%) for bovine adenovirus type 3, 200 of 378 (52.5%) for bovine respiratory syncytial virus, 273 of 373 (71.7%) for para-influenza virus type 3, and 210 of 379 (55%) for ovine progressive pneumonia virus. All ewes were seronegative for bluetongue virus antibodies.
Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in North Carolina
Authors: Greene Russell T. , Levine Jay F. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Berkhoff Herman A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 600 dogs in 1983 and 402 dogs in 1985. In 1983, the overall prevalence rate of dogs with B burgdorferi titers ≥ 1:64 was 3.6%, whereas in 1985, the prevalence rate was 2.7%. An unexplainable higher seroprevalence was detected in 1 group of dogs tested in 1983. These dogs were from the southern coastal plains of North Carolina. In the dogs tested in 1985, this regional difference in seroprevalence was not noticed. Statistical differences were not noticed (P > 0.05) between dogs from 2 sources or when gender was considered. Seemingly, the prevalence of anti-B burgdorferi antibodies in dogs in North Carolina was low.
Progression of aflatoxicosis in growing barrows
Authors: Harvey Roger B. , Huff William E. , Kubena Leon F. , Carrier Donald E. , Phillips Timothy D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The progression of aflatoxicosis was evaluated in growing crossbred barrows given 0,1, 2, 3, or 4 mg of aflatoxin (af)/kg of feed for 28 days (6 to 10 weeks of age). On day 28, pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, and tissues were removed for histologic examination. Body weight gains were decreased in barrows fed 2 mg of af/kg after 7 days and in barrows fed 1 mg of af/kg after 14 days. By 28 days, all barrows fed af had decreased body weights and weight gains. Compared with thymus weights in controls, thymus weights were decreased in all barrows fed af. Neither liver weights nor bone ash values were altered, although liver lipid values were increased in barrows fed af. Serum aspartate transaminase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased in barrows fed af, whereas creatine kinase activity was decreased. Aflatoxin diets resulted in decreases in serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, phosphorus, cholesterol, albumin, and total protein. Histologic alterations in liver included interlobular fibrosis, periportal lipidosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and periportal lymphocytic infiltration. Lymphocytes in the thymus were depleted, and numbers of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow were reduced. The frequency and severity of lesions increased with increased doses of af.
Fate of [14C]coumaphos after dermal application to lactating goats as a pour-on formulation
Authors: Konar Atilla , Ivie G. Wayne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two lactating Nubian goats were dermally treated with [14C]coumaphos (O-[3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-benzo-pyran-7-yl] O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate) as a 4% active ingredient pour-on formulation. Doses were administered, along the dorsal midline from withers to sacrum, at a rate equivalent to 14 mg of coumaphos/kg of body weight. During the 7 days after treatment, an average of < 0.1, 4.7, and 1% of the administered dose was eliminated in the milk, urine, and feces, respectively. When goats were killed after 7 days, about 45% of the administered radiocarbon remained on the hair and skin, and this consisted almost entirely of intact coumaphos. Residues in selected tissues collected after 7 days were, in every case, < 1 mg of coumaphos equivalent/kg of tissue, with highest residues in adipose tissue, followed by residues in kidney and liver. In milk, residue amounts plateaued after about 2 days and remained relatively constant at about 0.1 mg of coumaphos equivalent/kg of milk. Residues in adipose tissue and in milk consisted mainly of unmetabolized coumaphos. In mine, most radiocarbon was present as metabolites of coumaphos, but in feces, most radiocarbon was present as the intact parent compound. Coumaphos was absorbed slowly and at a constant rate after dermal application to lactating goats as a pour-on formulation.
Anticholinesterase poisonings in dogs from a cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) bloom dominated by Anabaena flos-aquae
Authors: Mahmood Nik A. , Carmichael Wayne W. , Pfahler Dave 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) implicated in the deaths of 9 dogs at Richmond Lake, SD, on Aug 26, 1985, were analyzed. The dominant cyanobacterial species from the water sample was Anabaena flos-aquae. The lyophilized bloom material or the high-performance liquid chromatography purified toxin peak, when administered to mice IP, induced clinical signs of salivation, lacrimation, urinary incontinence, defecation, convulsion, fasciculation, and respiratory arrest. Further comparison of the semipurified bloom toxin with an irreversible anticholinesterase anatoxin-a(s), produced by A flos-aquae strain NRC-525-17, revealed the bloom toxin and anatoxin-a(s) had similar properties on high-performance liquid chromatography and on the inhibition of electric eel acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7).
Identification of species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae
Authors: Bradley Lisa D. , Snyder David B. , Deusen Richard A. Van 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Temporal antisera (ta) prepared in susceptible Leg-horn-type chickens against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M synoviae were evaluated to determine the extent of cross-reactivity in elisa and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Species-specific and interspecies-specific polypeptides were identified after electrophoretic separation and protein immunoblotting with reference antisera, ta, and a monoclonal antibody specific for M gallisepticum.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum antiserum cross-reacted with M synoviae polypeptides in elisa and ta immunoblots. Two major M synoviae polypeptides (88 and 53 kilodaltons [kD]) cross-reacted with M gallisepticum antisera in ta immunoblots. An M gallisepticum polypeptide of 70 kD cross-reacted with M synoviae in ta immunoblots. In contrast, M gallisepticum and M synoviae reference antisera cross-reacted when immunoblotted with heterologous antigens. A monoclonal antibody specific for M gallisepticum bound to a 69-kD polypeptide in lectin-purified and whole-cell M gallisepticum protein fractions in immunoblot assays. The lectin-purified fraction hemagglutinated chicken rbc. Seemingly, the 69-kD polypeptide may constitute all or part of the M gallisepticum hemagglutinin.
Effects of prostaglandin F2α on degranulation of bovine luteal cells on days 4 and 12 of the estrous cycle
Authors: Braun N. S. , Heath E. , Chenault J. R. , Shanks R. D. , Hixon J. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Corpora lutea were collected from 18 beef heifers on day 4 or 12 of the estrous cycle, 1 hour after prostaglandin (pg) F2α or saline (control) treatment. Five heifers also were treated with pgf2α on day 4, but their corpora lutea were not collected until day 12.
The relative percentage of cytoplasm occupied by granules decreased only in large luteal cells (llc) in heifers given pgf2α on day 12, compared with the percentage in controls. Small luteal cells (slc) were not as affected. The luteal concentration of progesterone was similarly decreased only in heifers given pgf2α on day 12. Treatment of heifers with pgf2α on day 4 had no marked effect on progesterone values or on the relative percentage of cytoplasm occupied by granules in llc or slc. Seemingly, llc were more responsive to pgf2α than were slc, and pgf2α treatment of beef heifers at day 4 did not markedly impair luteal function.