bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade-offs constrain the success of glyphosate-free farming
Authors: Metcalfe H. , Storkey J. , Hull R. , Bullock J. M. , Whitmore A. , Sharp R. T. , Milne A. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlyphosate, the most widely used herbicide, is linked with environmental harm and there is a drive to replace it in agricultural systems. We model the impacts of discontinuing glyphosate use and replacing it with cultural control methods. We simulate winter wheat arable systems reliant on glyphosate and typical in northwest Europe. Removing glyphosate was projected to increase weed abundance, herbicide risk to the environment, and arable plant diversity and decrease food production. Weed communities with evolved resistance to non-glyphosate herbicides were not projected to be disproportionately affected by removing glyphosate, despite the lack of alternative herbicidal control options. Crop rotations with more spring cereals or grass leys for weed control increased arable plant diversity. Stale seedbed techniques such as delayed drilling and choosing ploughing instead of minimum tillage had varying effects on weed abundance, food production, and profitability. Ploughing was the most effective alternative to glyphosate for long-term weed control while maintaining production and profit. Our findings emphasize the need for careful consideration of trade-offs arising in scenarios where glyphosate is removed. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) with more use of cultural control methods offers the potential to reduce chemical use but is sensitive to seasonal variability and can incur negative environmental and economic impacts.
Semi-focal bone transport versus traditional bone transport technique for the management of large tibial bone defects after trauma
Authors: Wang Qian , Ma Teng , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun , Huang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow to deal with large tibial bone defects is still controversial. The purpose of this research was to compare the semi-focal bone transport (SFBT) technique with traditional bone transport (TBT) technique for treating such patients. Sixty-two patients were included and retrospectively analyzed. In all cases, after radical debridement large tibial bone defects remained. Patients were treated by the SFBT or TBT technique. The distraction, consolidation duration and complications were recorded by the patients’ medical files. Based on the Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) standard, the bone and functional results were evaluated. The mean bone defect size was 7.7 ± 1.6 cm and 7.5 ± 2.1 cm for SFBT and TBT patients. The mean external fixation index (EFI) was 1.51 ± 0.14 months/cm and 1.89 ± 0.25 months/cm for SFBT and TBT patients (p < 0.05), respectively. With respect to bone and function results, there was no significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). The mean number of complications per patient was 1.1 ± 0.6 and 1.6 ± 0.7 for SFBT and TBT patients (p < 0.05). Compared to the traditional bone transport technique, patients using the semi-focal bone transport technique achieved better clinical effects, including shorter EFI and less complications. Therefore, the SFBT technique could be a new option for patients with large tibial bone defects.
FAST, a method based on split-GFP for the detection in solution of proteins synthesized in cell-free expression systems
Authors: Pham Thuy Duong , Poletti Chiara , Tientcheu Therese Manuela Nloh , Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Spurio Roberto , Fabbretti Attilio , Milon Pohl , Giuliodori Anna Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems offer a versatile platform for a wide range of applications. However, the traditional methods for detecting proteins synthesized in CFPS, such as radioactive labeling, fluorescent tagging, or electrophoretic separation, may be impractical, due to environmental hazards, high costs, technical complexity, and time consuming procedures. These limitations underscore the need for new approaches that streamline the detection process, facilitating broader application of CFPS. By harnessing the reassembly capabilities of two GFP fragments—specifically, the GFP1-10 and GFP11 fragments—we have crafted a method that simplifies the detection of in vitro synthesized proteins called FAST (Fluorescent Assembly of Split-GFP for Translation Tests). FAST relies on the fusion of the small tag GFP11 to virtually any gene to be expressed in CFPS. The in vitro synthesized protein:GFP11 can be rapidly detected in solution upon interaction with an enhanced GFP1-10 fused to the Maltose Binding Protein (MBP:GFP1-10). This interaction produces a fluorescent signal detectable with standard fluorescence readers, thereby indicating successful protein synthesis. Furthermore, if required, detection can be coupled with the purification of the fluorescent complex using standardized MBP affinity chromatography. The method's versatility was demonstrated by fusing GFP11 to four distinct E. coli genes and analyzing the resulting protein synthesis in both a homemade and a commercial E. coli CFPS system. Our experiments confirmed that the FAST method offers a direct correlation between the fluorescent signal and the amount of synthesized protein:GFP11 fusion, achieving a sensitivity threshold of 8 ± 2 pmol of polypeptide, with fluorescence plateauing after 4 h. Additionally, FAST enables the investigation of translation inhibition by antibiotics in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, FAST is a new method that permits the rapid, efficient, and non-hazardous detection of protein synthesized within CFPS systems and, at the same time, the purification of the target protein.
Feasibility analysis of China's medical insurance coverage of assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Huang Rong , Yu Jing-Yun , He Wei-Chao , Liu Ri-Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are millions of patients experiencing infertility in China, but assisted reproductive technology (ART) is performed at the patient's expense and is difficult to afford. With the sharp decline in China's birth rate, there is a growing controversy over the inclusion of ART in medical insurance (MI). This study aims to explore the feasibility of ART coverage by MI for the first time. We obtained basic data such as the prevalence of infertility, the cost of ART, and the success rate in China with the method of meta-analysis and consulting the government bulletin. Then, we calculated the number of infertile couples in China and the total financial expenditure of MI covering ART. Finally, we discussed the feasibility of coverage, and analyzed the population growth and economic benefits after coverage. According to our research results, it was estimated that there were 4.102–11.792 million infertile couples in China, with an annual increase of 1.189–1.867 million. If MI covered ART, the fund would pay 72.313–207.878 billion yuan, accounting for 2–6% of the current fund balance, and the subsequent annual payment would be 20.961–32.913 billion yuan, accounting for 4–7% of the annual fund balance. This was assuming that all infertile couples would undergo ART, and the actual cost would be lower. The financial input‒output ratio would be 13.022. Benefiting from the inclusion of ART in MI coverage, there would be 3.348–9.624 million new live infants, and 8–13% newborns would be born every year thereafter, which means that by 2050, 37–65 million people would be born. Due to its affordable cost, high cost-effectiveness and favourable population growth, it may be feasible to include ART in MI.
Targeted phasing of 2–200 kilobase DNA fragments with a short-read sequencer and a single-tube linked-read library method
Authors: Mikhaylova Veronika , Rzepka Madison , Kawamura Tetsuya , Xia Yu , Chang Peter L. , Zhou Shiguo , Paasch Amber , Pham Long , Modi Naisarg , Yao Likun , Perez-Agustin Adrian , Pagans Sara , Boles T. Christian , Lei Ming , Wang Yong , Garcia-Bassets Ivan , Chen Zhoutao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the human genome, heterozygous sites refer to genomic positions with a different allele or nucleotide variant on the maternal and paternal chromosomes. Resolving these allelic differences by chromosomal copy, also known as phasing, is achievable on a short-read sequencer when using a library preparation method that captures long-range genomic information. TELL-Seq is a library preparation that captures long-range genomic information with the aid of molecular identifiers (barcodes). The same barcode is used to tag the reads derived from the same long DNA fragment within a range of up to 200 kilobases (kb), generating linked-reads. This strategy can be used to phase an entire genome. Here, we introduce a TELL-Seq protocol developed for targeted applications, enabling the phasing of enriched loci of varying sizes, purity levels, and heterozygosity. To validate this protocol, we phased 2–200 kb loci enriched with different methods: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated excision coupled with pulse-field electrophoresis for the longest fragments, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated protection from exonuclease digestion for mid-size fragments, and long PCR for the shortest fragments. All selected loci have known clinical relevance: BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, APC, PMS2, SCN5A-SCN10A, and PKI3CA. Collectively, the analyses show that TELL-Seq can accurately phase 2–200 kb targets using a short-read sequencer.
Enhancing fracture diagnosis in pelvic X-rays by deep convolutional neural network with synthesized images from 3D-CT
Authors: Rahman Rashedur , Yagi Naomi , Hayashi Keigo , Maruo Akihiro , Muratsu Hirotsugu , Kobashi Syoji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPelvic fractures pose significant challenges in medical diagnosis due to the complex structure of the pelvic bones. Timely diagnosis of pelvic fractures is critical to reduce complications and mortality rates. While computed tomography (CT) is highly accurate in detecting pelvic fractures, the initial diagnostic procedure usually involves pelvic X-rays (PXR). In recent years, many deep learning-based methods have been developed utilizing ImageNet-based transfer learning for diagnosing hip and pelvic fractures. However, the ImageNet dataset contains natural RGB images which are different than PXR. In this study, we proposed a two-step transfer learning approach that improved the diagnosis of pelvic fractures in PXR images. The first step involved training a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) using synthesized PXR images derived from 3D-CT by digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR). In the second step, the classification layers of the DCNN were fine-tuned using acquired PXR images. The performance of the proposed method was compared with the conventional ImageNet-based transfer learning method. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed DRR-based method, using 20 synthesized PXR images for each CT, achieved superior performance with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.9327 and 0.8014 for visible and invisible fractures, respectively. The ImageNet-based method yields AUROCs of 0.8908 and 0.7308 for visible and invisible fractures, respectively.
Design optimization of buttress type premium casing connection by modifying lower corner radius of stab flank
Authors: Kim Byeongil , Yoon Jong-Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFull-scale drilling for shale gas has been deepening, and the horizontal definitions have been increasing for drilling efficiency. Pressures and bending stresses are generated in the joints of gas-cored pipes, which seriously affect their durability. Premium casing connections are primarily forced at the interfaces of two parts, so the design of the threads is crucial, and the choice of optimal parameters is precisely related to their resistance to stresses. This article proposes a novel premium connection design, and its performance is validated through simulations to demonstrate good noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) and durability performance. A parametric study is especially performed with the change of lower corner radius to observe maximum stress changes of the system and it is advised that a parameter be optimized. This study demonstrates that it is possible to design a premium connection capable of reducing the stress concentrated on the stab flank contact portion when drilling deep gas wells in response to parameter changes.
Spin-reorientation driven emergent phases and unconventional magnetotransport in quasi-2D vdW ferromagnet Fe4GeTe2
Authors: Pal Riju , Pal Buddhadeb , Mondal Suchanda , Sharma Rajesh O. , Das Tanmoy , Mandal Prabhat , Pal Atindra Nath 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNon-trivial spin textures driven by strong exchange interaction, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, and electron correlation in a low-dimensional magnetic material often lead to unusual electronic transitions. Through a combination of transport experiments in exfoliated nanoflakes down to 16 layers and first principle calculations, we unravel emergent electronic phases in quasi-2D van der Waals ferromagnet, Fe4GeTe2, possessing ferromagnetic TC ~ 270 K, along with a spin-reorientation transition (TSR ~ 120 K) with the change of magnetic easy axis. Two electronic transitions are identified. The first transition near TSR exhibits a sharp fall in resistivity, followed by a sign change in the ordinary Hall coefficient (R0), together with, maximum negative magnetoresistance (MR) and anomalous Hall conductivity. Another unusual electronic transition, hitherto unknown, is observed near ~ 40–50 K (TQ), where R0 again changes sign and below which, the resistivity shows a quadratic temperature dependence, and MR becomes positive. An analysis of the experimental data further uncovers the role of competing inelastic scattering processes in anomalous magnetotransport behavior. The density-functional theory based first-principle calculations unveil two possible magnetic phases, followed by a low-energy model Hamiltonian which captures the essence of these phases as well as explains the observed magnetotransport behavior. Thus, we demonstrate an interplay between magnetism and band topology and its consequence on electron transport in Fe4GeTe2, important for spintronic applications.
Radiative forcing geoengineering under high CO2 levels leads to higher risk of Arctic wildfires and permafrost thaw than a targeted mitigation scenario
Authors: Müller Rhonda C. , Kim Jin-Soo , Lee Hanna , Muri Helene , Tjiputra Jerry , Yoon Jin-Ho , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRadiative forcing geoengineering is discussed as an intermediate solution to partially offset greenhouse gas-driven warming by altering the Earth’s energy budget. Here we use an Earth System Model to analyse the response in Arctic temperatures to radiative geoengineering applied under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 to decrease the radiative forcing to that achieved under the representative concentration pathway 4.5. The three methods Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, Marine Cloud Brightening, and Cirrus Cloud Thinning, mitigate the global mean temperature rise, however, under our experimental designs, the projected Arctic temperatures are higher than if the same temperature was achieved under emission mitigation. The maximum temperature increase under Cirrus Cloud Thinning and Marine Cloud Brightening is linked to carbon dioxide plant physiological forcing, shifting the system into climatic conditions favouring the development of fires. Under Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, the Arctic land with temperatures permanently below freezing decreased by 7.8% compared to the representative concentration pathway 4.5. This study concludes that these specific radiative forcing geoengineering designs induce less efficient cooling of the Arctic than the global mean and worsen extreme conditions compared to the representative concentration pathway 4.5.
The Impact of Verb Inflectional Distance on Morphological Awareness in Arabic Diglossia: Insights From a Longitudinal Study (Kindergarten to Grade 3)
Authors: Joubran-Awadie Nancy , Shalhoub-Awwad Yasmin 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
The main aim of the current study was to examine the longitudinal impact of verb inflectional distance on morphological awareness among Arabic-speaking children from kindergarten (K) to third grade. The study also investigated the impact of testing children in two language varieties, Spoken Palestinian dialect (SPD) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), on the development of morphological awareness.

Method:
Sixty-two children were followed longitudinally at three time points: K, Grade 1 (G1), and Grade 3 (G3). Each child completed two parallel orally administered inflectional awareness pseudoverb tasks in the spoken and in the standard variety at each grade. The items were classified by form and function into two main distance levels: low-diglossic and high-diglossic, representing the closest and the farthest distance between SPD and MSA morphemes, respectively.

Results:
The findings indicated that morphological awareness was more difficult for high-diglossic morphemes than for low-diglossic ones. Moreover, the findings point to different paths in the developmental trajectory of verb inflectional awareness by distance levels and language variety: In SPD, the difference in children's awareness between low-diglossic morphemes and high-diglossic morphemes decreased across grades and disappeared in G3, whereas, in MSA, this difference significantly increased from K to G1 and G3.

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate the substantial impact of verb inflectional distance on morphological awareness development before and during the initial process of learning to read. Results are discussed within the context of linguistic distance and the development of metalinguistic processing skills with implications for assessment and intervention.
Transformation of Rayleigh Distribution, Properties, and Application
Authors: Kadhim Althebhawi Sami , Al-Haboobi Anas , Fakhri Altalaqani Sara , Al-hchimy Zainab , AL-Adilee Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

The need to develop the theory of statistics and its properties follows from the fact that many types of data cannot be fitted by classical distributions. This fact invites many researchers to generate new distributions, find their properties, and implement a data set to find the best distribution that can fit the data better.
In this paper, we propose special cases of Rayleigh distribution and their relationship to wellknown distributions like half-logistic distribution (HLD), generalized half-logistic distribution (GHLD), and exponentiated half-logistic distribution (EHLD). We have mainly discussed the relationship of a transformation technique of those special cases of Rayleigh distribution with different parameter values to the assigned distributions (HLD, GHLD, EHLD). We also show the mathematical statistical properties of such special cases like the rth moment, central moment, incomplete moments, the probability weighted moments, the stochastic ordering, and interval estimation within the proposed parameters. Consequently, such properties are derived to generate modern statistical characteristics related to the special cases of Rayleigh distribution. Moreover, we have set table for the calculations of particular cases with their derived moments that have previously found their theoretical representations. Finally, we set off some conclusions related to the results of this humble work.
Interpretably learning the critical temperature of superconductors: Electron concentration and feature dimensionality reduction
Authors: Díaz Carral Ángel , Roitegui Martín , Fyta Maria 
Published: April 2024

A machine learning model for predicting the critical temperature of novel superconductors is proposed. The novelty of this approach is based solely on the choice of ab initio features, that is, descriptors directly and solely related to the electronic and atomic information of the single elements that chemically bond to form superconductors. We could show that selecting features, such as the electron concentration in the materials and the electronegativity from the available superconductor data, allows for a significant reduction in the learning dimensionality. At the same time, this choice provides a prediction accuracy in critical temperature up to 93% (relevant to a mean absolute error of 4.2 K) similar to more complex models using a significantly higher feature space. In total, the features could be reduced down to 11 in addition to the multidimensional electronic concentration (including 17 features for the atomic orbitals), emphasizing the significantly higher importance of electronegativity and electron concentration. The latter is mainly influenced by the 3s orbital followed by the 3p orbital. This choice is physically intuitive as it directly links to the electronic orbitals in the superconductors that mostly influence the learning, thus defining the accuracy of the predicted critical temperature. At the same time, the learning process is interpretable, providing a deep insight that could be proven invaluable in developing new theories on novel superconductor materials.
Intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional ternary transition metal tellurides CrX2Te4 (X = Al, Ga, and In)
Authors: Huang He , Zhao Yanzhe , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Liming , Wu Yanfei , Liu Chuang , Zhao Jiapeng , Qiao Guanxiong , Zhang Jingyan , Zheng Xinqi , Zhou Shiming , Wang Shouguo 
Published: April 2024

A tremendous amount of research has witnessed the exploration of two-dimensional (2D) materials with intrinsic ferromagnetism and diverse physical properties. However, the low Curie temperature and deficient magnetic anisotropy hinder their practical applications in nanoscale spintronics. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a new family of 2D ternary transition metal tellurides, CrX2Te4 (X = Al, Ga, and In), with both structural and magnetic stabilities at room temperature. Our calculations demonstrate that the 2D CrX2Te4 crystal exhibits the intrinsic 100% spin-polarized half-metallic feature with spin-up metallic and spin-down semi-conducting properties. With the remarkable magnetic moment of 4 μB per Cr atom, both 2D CrAl2Te4 and CrGa2Te4 crystals perform robust ferromagnetism with the out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, while the 2D CrIn2Te4 crystal prefers the in-plane easy magnetization axis. The Monte Carlo simulation based on the 2D Heisenberg model shows that the critical Curie temperatures of the 2D CrAl2Te4, CrGa2Te4, and CrIn2Te4 crystals could reach 466, 431, and 536 K, respectively. Moreover, the magnetic exchange strength and magnetic anisotropy could be further enhanced by the in-plane biaxial strain. The novel electronic and magnetic features promote 2D CrX2Te4 (X = Al, Ga, and In) crystals as a new family of two-dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic materials for next-generation advanced spintronics.