bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transliterated multilingualism/globalisation: English disguised in non‐Latin linguistic landscapes as new type of world Englishes?
Authors: Gu Chonglong , Manan Syed Abdul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnglish has, for historical reasons, risen to global prominence as the unchallenged lingua franca internationally. World Englishes (WE) has, as a result, established itself as a visible line of research, exploring localised/indigenised varieties of English from around the world (e.g. India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Nigeria). However, most of the discussions so far concern English written in the Latin script as people would normally expect. Against a backdrop of globalisation and the juggernaut of English, this article points to an increasingly salient phenomenon that English especially in superdiverse and/or (post)colonial societies (e.g. India and Pakistan) may disguise in seemingly inscrutable and ‘mysterious’ local scripts (e.g. Perso‐Arabic script and Devanagari script) and even ‘pass off’ as local languages in these countries’ linguistic landscapes through phonetic transliteration. This emerging trend begs the question whether these should be understood as new varieties of local languages or new kinds of world Englishes disguised in non‐Roman scripts. This phenomenon is theorised in this paper conceptually. To illustrate our point, examples of authentic signs taken from the linguistic landscapes relating to South Asia and South Asian communities are discussed. As English is increasingly glocalised and becomes part of other less dominant languages, this article calls on researchers in World Englishes (WE) and (socio)linguistics in general to look beyond English written in the Latin script in a conventional/traditional sense and to expand the scope and remit of WE research to explore how English, as a dominant code, becomes indigenised using local scripts and morphs into and even ‘passes off’ as ‘local’ surreptitiously. This fundamentally calls for the crucial need for researchers from diverse and multilingual backgrounds to work together to better understand English and other non‐dominant languages’ role in the 21st century.
TLR8‐activating miR‐146a‐3p is an intermediate signal contributing to fetal membrane inflammation in response to bacterial LPS
Authors: Georges Hanah M. , Cassin Caterina , Tong Mancy , Abrahams Vikki M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPreterm birth is the largest contributor to neonatal morbidity and is often associated with chorioamnionitis, defined as inflammation/infection of the fetal membranes (FMs). Chorioamnionitis is characterised by neutrophil infiltration of the FMs and is associated with elevated levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant, interleukin (IL)‐8 and the proinflammatory cytokine, IL‐1β. While FMs can respond to infections through innate immune sensors, such as toll‐like receptors (TLRs), the downstream mechanisms by which chorioamnionitis arises are not fully understood. A novel group of non‐classical microRNAs (miR‐21a, miR‐29a, miR‐146a‐3p, Let‐7b) function as endogenous danger signals by activating the ssRNA viral sensors TLR7 and TLR8. In this study, the pro‐inflammatory roles of TLR7/TLR8‐activating miRs were examined as mediators of FM inflammation in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using an in vitro human FM explant system, an in vivo mouse model of pregnancy, and human clinical samples. Following LPS exposure, miR‐146a‐3p was significantly increased in both human FM explants and wild‐type mouse FMs. Expression of miR‐146a‐3p was also significantly elevated in FMs from women with preterm birth and chorioamnionitis. FM IL‐8 and inflammasome‐mediated IL‐1β production in response to LPS was dependent on miR‐146a‐3p and TLR8 downstream of TLR4 activation. In wild‐type mice, LPS exposure increased FM IL‐8 and IL‐1β production and induced preterm birth. In TLR7−/−/TLR8−/− mice, LPS exposure was able to initiate but not sustain preterm birth, and FM inflammation was reduced. Together, we demonstrate a novel signalling mechanism at the maternal‐fetal interface in which TLR8‐activating miR‐146a‐3p acts as an intermediate danger signal to drive FM inflammasome‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms of inflammation and, thus, may play a role in chorioamnionitis and subsequent preterm birth.
On the structure and properties of hydrothermally toughened soda–lime silicate float glass
Authors: Sorarù Gian Domenico , Mariazzi Sebastiano , Barozzi Mario , Canteri Roberto , Cassetta Michele , Pellegrini Damiano , Daldosso Nicola , Brusa Roberto Sennen , Biesuz Mattia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrothermal treatments of soda–lime silicate glass cause a remarkable improvement in the resistance to flaw formation with an increase of the critical load to ≈1 kgf. This remarkable effect is achieved even if the reaction layer between the glass and water solution is well below 1 µm. Positron Doppler broadening spectroscopy (DBS) reveals that the hydrothermal treatment causes a drop in the free volume of the glass network near the surface connected with the diffusion of molecular water whose presence was further confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Based on FTIR and SIMS, we also argue that the hydrothermal ion exchange is a double‐step process: first H+ substitutes Na+ in the network, and following molecular water permeates the system. Moreover, we show that the presence of water in the network is fundamental in stabilizing the modified glass surface leading to toughening. Once molecular water is released, the network is quickly polymerized and becomes more brittle. Hydrothermal toughening is only a partially reversible process, once water is released it is not possible to reobtain the same properties with a second treatment. Finally, it is shown that air and tin side of the float glass perform differently as a result of different water diffusion kinetics related to dissimilarities in the network density.
New parameters for in vitro development of cell lines of the species Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855)
Authors: de Oliveira Furo Ivanete , Nogueira Lygia S. , de Sousa Rodrigo Petry Corrêa , Silva‐Oliveira Glaucia Caroline , dos Santos da Silva Diovanna Mirella , Costa‐Malaquias Allan , de Oliveira Edivaldo H. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntending to compare in vitro cell growth in different conditions, we established cell cultures using fin biopsies of two freshwater fishes, Astyanax bimaculatus and Geophagus proximus. Three different culture media (Leibovitz–L‐15, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium [DMEM], and 199) were employed, with or without the addition of AmnioMax, maintaining a standard temperature of 29°C. Based on the results obtained, we standardized a cell growth protocol in which medium 199 was less efficient for both species. Notably, G. proximus cells exhibited superior proliferation in DMEM and L‐15 media, whereas A. bimaculatus cells demonstrated better parameters exclusively in the DMEM medium. Successful subculturing of cells with good proliferation index was observed, accompanied by preserved morphological characteristics. Therefore, the methodology outlined in this study represents an advancement in establishing fish cell cultures.
Use of non‐invasive diagnostic tools for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis: A qualitative exploration of challenges and barriers
Authors: Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. , Valenti Luca , Thiele Maja , Péloquin Sophie , Lazure Patrice , Masson Mounia Heddad , Allen Alina M. , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Noureddin Mazen , Rinella Mary , Tacke Frank , Murray Suzanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsNon‐invasive tests (NITs) are underutilized for diagnosis and risk stratification in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), despite good accuracy. This study aimed to identify challenges and barriers to the use of NITs in clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative exploratory study in Germany, Italy, United Kingdom and United States. Phase 1 participants (primary care physicians, hepatologists, diabetologists, researchers, healthcare administrators, payers and patient advocates; n = 29) were interviewed. Phase 2 participants (experts in MASLD; n = 8) took part in a group discussion to validate and expand on Phase 1 findings. Finally, we triangulated perspectives in a hybrid deductive/inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes hindering the use of NITs emerged: (1) limited knowledge and awareness; (2) unclear referral pathways for patients affected by liver conditions; (3) uncertainty over the value of NITs in monitoring and managing liver diseases; and (4) challenges justifying system‐level reimbursement. Through these themes, participants perceived a stigma associated with liver diseases, and primary care physicians generally lacked awareness, adequate knowledge and skills to use recommended NITs. We identified uncertainties over the results of NITs, specifically to guide lifestyle intervention or to identify patients that should be referred to a specialist. Participants indicated an ongoing need for research and development to improve the prognostic value of NITs and communicating their cost‐effectiveness to payers.ConclusionsThis qualitative study suggests that use of NITs for MASLD is limited due to several individual and system‐level barriers. Multi‐level interventions are likely required to address these barriers.
FLOURY ENDOSPERM24, a heat shock protein 101 (HSP101), is required for starch biosynthesis and endosperm development in rice
Authors: Wu Hongming , Ren Yulong , Dong Hui , Xie Chen , Zhao Lei , Wang Xin , Zhang Fulin , Zhang Binglei , Jiang Xiaokang , Huang Yunshuai , Jing Ruonan , Wang Jian , Miao Rong , Bao Xiuhao , Yu Mingzhou , Nguyen Thanhliem , Mou Changling , Wang Yunlong , Wang Yihua , Lei Cailin , Cheng Zhijun , Jiang Ling , Wan Jianmin 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Endosperm is the main storage organ in cereal grain and determines grain yield and quality. The molecular mechanisms of heat shock proteins in regulating starch biosynthesis and endosperm development remain obscure.
Here, we report a rice floury endosperm mutant flo24 that develops abnormal starch grains in the central starchy endosperm cells. Map‐based cloning and complementation test showed that FLO24 encodes a heat shock protein HSP101, which is localized in plastids. The mutated protein FLO24T296I dramatically lost its ability to hydrolyze ATP and to rescue the thermotolerance defects of the yeast hsp104 mutant.
The flo24 mutant develops more severe floury endosperm when grown under high‐temperature conditions than normal conditions. And the FLO24 protein was dramatically induced at high temperature. FLO24 physically interacts with several key enzymes required for starch biosynthesis, including AGPL1, AGPL3 and PHO1. Combined biochemical and genetic evidence suggests that FLO24 acts cooperatively with HSP70cp‐2 to regulate starch biosynthesis and endosperm development in rice.
Our results reveal that FLO24 acts as an important regulator of endosperm development, which might function in maintaining the activities of enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice.
Transcriptome scale analysis to decode the differential sucrose accumulation mechanisms in sugarcane under the effect of gibberellin
Authors: Roopendra Kriti , Priyanka  , Chandra Amaresh , Akhter Yusuf , Saxena Sangeeta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the present study, we analyzed GA3 (gibberellin)‐treated sugarcane samples at the transcriptomic level to elucidate the differential expression of genes that influence sucrose accumulation. Previous research has suggested that GA3 application can potentially delay sink saturation by enhancing sink strength and demand, enabling the accommodation of more sucrose. To investigate the potential role of GA‐induced modification of sink capacity in promoting higher sucrose accumulation, we sought to unravel the differential expression of transcripts and analyze their functional annotation. Several genes homologous to the sugar‐phosphate/phosphate translocator, UTP‐glucose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase, and V‐ATPases (vacuolar‐type H+ ATPase) were identified as potentially associated with the increased sucrose content observed. A differentially expressed transcript was found to be identical to the mRNA of an unknown protein. Homology‐based bioinformatics analysis suggested it to be a hydrolase enzyme, which could potentially act as a stimulator of sucrose buildup. The database of differentially expressed transcripts obtained in this study under the influence of GA3 represents a valuable addition to the sugarcane transcriptomics and functional genomics knowledge base.
A meta‐analysis of the state and local government borrowing costs
Authors: Gerrish Ed , Ivonchyk Mikhail , Charles Cleopatra , Greer Robert A. , Moldogaziev Temirlan T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractState and local governments seek to save money through fiscal efficiency. One such mechanism widely studied in the literature is through the choice for financial underwriting of debt. The extant literature generally suggests that state and local governments can lower borrowing costs through a competitive method of sale. In a meta‐analysis of 418 effects from 97 studies, we find that competitive sales do enjoy a statistically significant reduction in borrowing costs However, these effects are moderated when using key control variables, the use of more recent data, as well as due to measurement and methodological choices. Consequently, despite a large number of studies in this area, more research specific to small borrowers, new and understudied contexts, or those using sophisticated selection and causal methods is needed to understand whether the practical preference for competitive sales should persist.
Therapeutic bronchoscopy for malignant central airway obstructions caused by non‐bronchogenic cancers: Results from the EpiGETIF registry
Authors: Daigmorte Clément , Usturoi Daniela , Fournier Clément , Wallyn Frederic , Lorut Christine , Héluain Valentin , Mazières Julien , Legodec Julien , Escarguel Bruno , Egenod Thomas , Cellerin Laurent , Favrolt Nicolas , Lachkar Samy , Crutu Adrian , Briault Amandine , Gut‐Gobert Christophe , Bourinet Valerian , Camuset Juliette , Loïc Perrot , Schlossmacher Pascal , Porzio Michele , Luchez Antoine , Vergnon Jean‐Michel , Pajiep Chapda Marie‐Christelle , Roy Pascalin , Dutau Hervé , Guibert Nicolas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLittle is known about malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) complicating the metastatic spread of non‐bronchogenic solid cancers (NBC) and their bronchoscopic management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of this population and determine prognostic factors before therapeutic bronchoscopy (TB).MethodsIn this multicenter study using the EpiGETIF registry, we analysed patients treated with TB for MCAO caused by NBC between January 2019 and December 2022.ResultsFrom a database of 2389 patients, 436 patients (18%) with MCAO and NBC were identified. After excluding patients with direct local invasion, 214 patients (8.9%) were analysed. The main primaries involved were kidney (17.8%), colon (16.4%), sarcoma (15.4%), thyroid (8.9%) and head and neck (7.9%) cancers. Most patients (63.8%) had already received one or more lines of systemic treatment. Obstructions were purely intrinsic in 58.2%, extrinsic in 11.1% and mixed in 30.8%. Mechanical debulking was used in 73.4% of cases, combined with thermal techniques in 25.6% of cases. Airway stenting was required in 38.4% of patients. Median survival after TB was 11.2 months, influenced by histology (p = 0.002), performance status (p = 0.019), initial hypoxia (HR 1.45 [1.01–2.18]), prior oncologic treatment received (HR 1.82 [1.28–2.56], p < 0.001) and assessment of success at the end of the procedure (HR 0.66 [0.44–0.99], p < 0.001). Complications rate was 8.8%, mostly mild, with no procedure‐related mortality.ConclusionTB for MCAO caused by a NBC metastasis provides rapid improvement of symptoms and prolonged survival. Patients should be promptly referred by medical oncologists for bronchoscopic management based on the prognostic factors identified.
Anti‐D immunization after D positive platelet transfusions in D negative recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hubert Tamar , Kerkhoffs Jean Louis , Brand Anneke , Schonewille Henk 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnti‐D can be formed after D‐incompatible platelet transfusions due to contaminating D+ red blood cells. These antibodies are of particular importance in women of childbearing potential, because anti‐D is most often involved in severe cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. This systematic review determined the frequency of anti‐D after D+ platelet transfusions and risk factors for D alloimmunization.Study Design and MethodsRelevant literature was searched using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science until December 2022. Overall anti‐D frequency and risk factors were estimated using a random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsIn 22 studies, a total of 3028 D‐ patients received a mean of six D+ platelet transfusions. After a mean follow‐up of seven months 106 of 2808 eligible patients formed anti‐D. The pooled anti‐D frequency was 3.3% (95% CI 2.0–5.0%; I2 71%). After including only patients with an undoubtable follow‐up of at least 4 weeks, 29 of 1497 patients formed anti‐D with a pooled primary anti‐D rate of 1.9% (95% CI 0.9–3.2%, I2 44%). Women and patients receiving whole blood derived platelets had two and five times higher anti‐D rates compared with men and patients receiving apheresis derived platelets, respectively.DiscussionAnti‐D immunization is low after D incompatible platelet transfusions and dependent on recipients' sex and platelet source. We propose anti‐D prophylaxis in girls and women, capable of becoming pregnant in the future, that received D+ platelets, regardless of platelet source, to reduce the risk of anti‐D induced hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
Participant recruitment and attrition in surgical randomised trials with placebo controls versus non-operative controls: a meta-epidemiological study and meta-analysis
Authors: Natarajan Pragadesh , Menounos Spiro , Harris Laura , Monuja Masiath , Gorelik Alexandra , Karjalainen Teemu , Buchbinder Rachelle , Harris Ian A , Naylor Justine M , Adie Sam 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo compare differences in recruitment and attrition between placebo control randomised trials of surgery, and trials of the same surgical interventions and conditions that used non-operative (non-placebo) controls.DesignMeta-epidemiological study.Data sourcesRandomised controlled trials were identified from an electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception date to 21 November 2018.Study selectionPlacebo control trials evaluating efficacy of any surgical intervention and non-operative control trials of the same surgical intervention were included in this study. 25 730 records were retrieved from our systemic search, identifying 61 placebo control and 38 non-operative control trials for inclusion in analysis.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were recruitment and attrition. These were assessed in terms of recruitment rate (number of participants enrolled, as a proportion of those eligible) and overall attrition rate (composite of dropout, loss to follow-up and cross-overs, expressed as proportion of total sample size). Secondary outcome measures included participant cross-over rate, dropout and loss to follow-up.ResultsUnadjusted pooled recruitment and attrition rates were similar between placebo and non-operative control trials. Study characteristics were not significantly different apart from time to primary timepoint which was shorter in studies with placebo controls (365 vs 274 days, p=0.006). After adjusting for covariates (follow-up duration and number of timepoints), the attrition rate of placebo control trials was almost twice as high compared with non-operative controlled-trials (incident rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI) 1.8 (1.1 to 3.0), p=0.032). The incorporation of one additional follow-up timepoint (regardless of follow-up duration) was associated with reduced attrition in placebo control surgical trials (IRR (95% CI) 0.64 (0.52 to 0.79), p<0.001).ConclusionsPlacebo control trials of surgery have similar recruitment issues but higher attrition compared with non-operative (non-placebo) control trials. Study design should incorporate strategies such as increased timepoints for given follow-up duration to mitigate losses to follow-up and dropout.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019117364.
Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) compared with conventional pancreatic transection in distal pancreatectomy: study protocol for the randomised controlled CUSA-1 pilot trial
Authors: Holze Magdalena , Loos Martin , Hüttner Felix , Tenckhoff Solveig , Feisst Manuel , Knebel Phillip , Klotz Rosa , Mehrabi Arianeb , Michalski Christoph , Pianka Frank 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remains the most common and serious complication after distal pancreatectomy. Many attempts at lowering fistula rates have led to unrewarding insignificant results as still up to 30% of the patients suffer from clinically relevant POPF. Therefore, the development of new innovative methods and procedures is still a cornerstone of current surgical research.The cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA) device is a well-known ultrasound-based parenchyma transection method, often used in liver and neurosurgery which has not yet been thoroughly investigated in pancreatic surgery, but the first results seem very promising.MethodsThe CUSA-1 trial is a randomised controlled pilot trial with two parallel study groups. This single-centre trial is assessor and patient blinded. A total of 60 patients with an indication for open distal pancreatectomy will be intraoperatively randomised after informed consent. The patients will be randomly assigned to either the control group with conventional pancreas transection (scalpel or stapler) or the experimental group, with transection using the CUSA device. The primary safety endpoint of this trial will be postoperative complications ≥grade 3 according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. The primary endpoint to investigate the effect will be the rate of POPF within 30 days postoperatively according to the ISGPS definition. Further perioperative outcomes, including postpancreatectomy haemorrhage, length of hospital stay and mortality will be analysed as secondary endpoints.DiscussionBased on the available literature, CUSA may have a beneficial effect on POPF occurrence after distal pancreatectomy. The rationale of the CUSA-1 pilot trial is to investigate the safety and feasibility of the CUSA device in elective open distal pancreatectomy compared with conventional dissection methods and gather the first data on the effect on POPF occurrence. This data will lay the groundwork for a future confirmatory multicentre randomised controlled trial.Ethics and disseminationThe CUSA-1 trial protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Heidelberg (No. S-098/2022). Results will be published in an international peer-reviewed journal and summaries will be provided in lay language to study participants and their relatives.Trial registration numberDRKS00027474.