bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catechism for Adults:
Authors: Hislop Ian 
Published: July 2007

We, writes St Paul, are chosen in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and unspoiled in his sight in charity (Ephesians 1, 4). It is only in so far as man is chosen in Christ and one with Christ, that he belongs to God. Christ, raised from the dead, rules and is made ‘head over all the Church’ (Ephesians 1, 22). The Church is the body of Christ (Ephesians 1, 23); and to this body all those who at one time were afar off are joined, or in St Paul’s phrase ‘are made nigh’ (Ephesians 2, 13). All men are born under the condemnation of Adam and are therefore afar off from God, but ‘in the blood of Christ’ they are made near to God. Made near because Christ ‘is our peace’ (Ephesians 2, 23). It is Christ who ‘has made both one’ and who breaks down ‘the middle wall of partition, the enmities in his flesh... that he might make the two in himself into one new man, making peace, and might reconcile both to God in one body by the cross, killing the enmities in his flesh’ (Ephesians 2, 14-16).The cross of Christ, which is the presence in the world of God’s judgment and love, is creative of that peace or unity that overcomes all division and enmity. The divisions that arise from sin or pride, all conflict as between flesh and spirit, Jew and Gentile, slave and free, are transcended in Christ. The death of Christ created a new unity, that of those who are called apart to live in charity in the presence of God. No escape from the world, but a transformation of all that goes to make up the world. This holiness of life is the basic category of life—the only purpose of existence. By it not merely the middle wall of partition between men is destroyed but the division between man and God, opened by sin, is closed. ‘You are no more strangers and foreigners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and domestics of God’ (Ephesians 2, 14).
Heard and Seen: La Dolce Vita
Authors: Butcher Maryvonne 
Published: July 2007

In the latest issue of the Revue Internationale du Cinema, the journal of the international Catholic cinema office, there is an article on the moral assessment of certain recent co-production films, as applied in various national centres. This demonstrates how the same film may get very different ratings from country to country: when we see that La Dolce Vita has been put into the ‘a proscrire’ category in Italy, the point is well taken. For now that it has reached the commercial screen in England it is difficult, from the Anglo-Saxon point of view, to see what all the fuss was about. From this side of the Channel it looks even more like a scathing moral indictment of a way of living that may be over-stated but is, as we all know, true enough in its essentials. Signor Fellini has said in a London interview that the Rome he has portrayed is his idea of Rome, not necessarily the true Rome; but this is no more, after all, than any creator’s way with his material and need not in any way surprise us.This long film, whose spatial control is so precise and whose temporal control is often so slack, sprawls across nearly three hours in a series of episodes whose visual attack frequently packs a much heavier punch than their intellectual content. From the first moment when the helicopter bears down upon the Roman suburbs, with the statue of Christ the Worker slung beneath it—ruined viaduct and bare tenement wall taking the statue’s shadow like a stigmata—Fellini’s sheer cinematic virtuosity imposes itself without question.
Liberation Theology for Britain
Authors: Corner Mark 
Published: July 2007

So concluded Fergus Kerr in an editorial comment published by New Blackfriars last year. His remark leads us to consider what form a British liberation theology might take, and what obstacles lie in the way of its progress.The question of a British version of the theology of liberation has received some attention in recent years. Two important public lectures considered it, Charles Elliott’s Heslington Lecture of January 1985, and the more well-known Hibbert lecture given by the Anglican Bishop of Durham, David Jenkins, in April of that year. David Jenkins’ lecture pointed out that the task would not be an easy one—certainly not a simple matter of translation from a third-world context to a first-world one:
British essays in liberation theology would not be mere echoes or reflections of liberation theology elsewhere. As I learnt from my contacts with some of those who developed liberation theology in Latin America and South East Asia, it would not be in the spirit of liberation theology if it were. As an article published in the Philippines in Manila in 1971 puts it, ‘the question is not “how can we adapt theology to our needs?”, but rather, “how can our needs create a theology which is our own?” ‘. Liberation theology rises out of the particular needs of a particular country for hope in relation to justice, peace and love.As we shall see, there are some questions to be asked concerning Jenkins’ reluctance to envisage too close a parallel between a third-world and a first-world version of liberation theology.
Assessment of Acute Respiratory and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Casiopeinas in Anaesthetized Dogs
Authors: Leal‐García Marco , García‐Ortuño Luis , Ruiz‐Azuara Lena , Gracia‐Mora Isabel , Luna‐delVillar Jorge , Sumano Héctor 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:  The 99 lethal dose in an acute toxicity study of two anticancer novel molecules named casiopeinas® in dogs was calculated to be 200 mg/m2 for casiopeina III‐ia and 160 mg/m2 for casiopeina IIgly. Considering therapeutic dose ranges from 3.6 to 18 mg/m2 for the former and 1.2 to 3 mg/m2 for the latter, true therapeutic margin of safety varies from 4.7 to 23.6 mg/m2 and from 20 to 50 mg/m2, respectively. For both casiopeinas intravenous administration of the corresponding lethal dose in 100 ml of 5% dextrose solution in a time period of 30 min. induced death after an almost uneventful latency time period of 30–50 min. Then, after an apparently sudden onset, changes in blood gases indicated respiratory distress (PO2 from 82.5% to 26.5% for casiopeina III‐ia and from 88.6% to 37.5% for casiopeina IIgly; end‐tidal CO2 from 38 to 8.1 mmHg for the first and from 35.1 to 11.2 mmHg for the second, this was almost simultaneously confirmed by the onset of tachypnoea (from 16 to almost 60 breaths/min. for both casiopeinas) and by a drop in arterial blood pressure (from 117 to 51 mmHg for casiopeina III‐ia and from 108 to 49 mmHg for casiopeina IIgly). Reflex tachycardia occurs at the beginning of intravenous administration followed by bradycardia a few minutes later (from 158 to 63 beats/min. for casiopeina III‐ia and from 148 to 56 beats/min. for casiopeina IIgly). Finally, cardiac arrest occurred no later than 25 min. towards the end of these events lung oedema appeared as fluid dripping from the endotracheal tube. Death occurred in a mean of 15 ± 5 min. S.D. from the beginning of the end of the latency period. For both casiopeina's data allow the speculation that lung oedema is caused by a joined toxicity to the lung capillary bed, and particularly to the heart. Carvedilol premedication for 8 days delayed the outcome of lung oedema by approximately 8 hr but could not prevent it.
Influence of Endotoxin‐Induced Sepsis on the Requirements of Propofol‐Fentanyl Infusion Rate in Pigs
Authors: Bollen Peter J. A. , Nielsen Bjørn J. , Toft Palle 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:  Endotoxin‐induced sepsis in pigs is a recognized experimental model for the study of human septic shock. Generally, pigs are brought into general anaesthesia before sepsis is induced. It is our experience that drug dosages of propofol and fentanyl need to be reduced during endotoxin‐induced sepsis, in order to prevent respiratory and cardiovascular depression, but the scientific evidence for this observation is lacking. Therefore, we measured the consumption of propofol and fentanyl at equal level of anaesthesia in pigs with (n = 5) and without (n = 5) endotoxin‐induced sepsis, using the cerebral state index (CSI) as measure of anaesthetic depth. Infusion rates of propofol (P < 0.01) and fentanyl (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in septic pigs. Pigs with endotoxin‐induced sepsis had an infusion rate of 2.2 mg/kg/hr (S.D. 0.5) for propofol and 12 µg/kg/hr (S.D. 2) for fentanyl, whereas healthy pigs had infusion rates of 3.5 mg/kg/hr (S.D. 0.6) and 17 µg/kg/hr (S.D. 4), respectively. CSI was equal in both groups throughout the experiment, and had a lowest average value of 47 (S.D. 10) at t = 30 in healthy pigs and reached a highest average value of 67 (S.D. 19) at t = 240 in pigs with endotoxin‐induced sepsis. Anaesthetic depth was sufficient, assessed clinically, throughout the experiment in both groups. We concluded that the consumption of propofol and fentanyl was significantly reduced in pigs with endotoxin‐induced sepsis. In the present study, we adjusted the level of anaesthesia according to clinical signs, and found good agreement with CSI.
[3H] Citalopram Binding to Serotonin Transporter Sites in Minnow Brains
Authors: Gould Georgianna G. , Brooks Bryan W. , Frazer Alan 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Mammalian serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine transporters (NET) are target sites for antidepressants and are affected by pesticide exposures. Herein, we examined whether golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) or fathead minnow (Pimphales promelas) SERTs and catecholamine transporters respond comparably to mammalian SERTs and NETs. We compared the pharmacological profiles of central SERT and NET binding sites of the golden shiner minnow to those of rats. Homogenate binding with the radioligand [3H] citalopram indicated that golden shiner SERT has a KDof 7 ± 3 nM and a Bmaxof 226 ± 46 fmol/mg protein. These values are similar to those of rat cortical SERT (KD1.4 ± 0.1 nM and Bmax240 ± 48 fmol/mg protein). We also examined SERT binding in fathead minnow brain, and found it similar to that of the golden shiner. A putative golden shiner NET, measured using [3H] nisoxetine, had KD = 12 ± 5 nM and Bmax = 187 ± 49 fmol/mg protein, whereas rat hippocampal NET had KD = 5 ± 2 nM and Bmax = 93 ± 8 fmol/mg protein. Minnow SERT and NET binding is displaceable by selective reuptake inhibitors. Finally, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to the serotonin reuptake inhibiting antidepressant sertraline or the organophosphate chlorpyrifos for 21 days. After either treatment, SERT binding was reduced by 50% (n = 3–6, P < 0.05). In summary, minnow central SERT and NET express slightly lower affinity for antidepressants than rats. However, magnitudes of affinity are similar, and minnow SERT binding is decreased by chronic sertraline or chlorpyrifos administration.
Influence of Tetrahydrocurcumin on Hepatic and Renal Functional Markers and Protein Levels in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Murugan Pidaran , Pari Leelavinothan 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:  Curcumin is the most active component of turmeric. It is believed that curcumin is a potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agent. Tetrahydrocurcumin is one of the major metabolites of curcumin that exhibits many of the same physiologic and pharmacological activities as curcumin and in some systems may exert greater antioxidant activity than curcumin. Oral administration of tetrahydrocurcumin at 80 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats for 45 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and significant increase in plasma insulin levels. In addition, the diabetic rats had decreased levels of plasma total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio as compared to control rats. After treatment with tetrahydrocurcumin and curcumin total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio were brought back to near normal. The activities of hepatic and renal markers were significantly elevated in diabetic rats as compared to control rats, and treatment with tetrahydrocurcumin and curcumin has reversed these parameters to near normal levels. In diabetic rats, the decreased levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine with increased levels of albumin and urine volume was observed, and treatment with tetrahydrocurcumin and curcumin reversed these parameters to near normal. Tetrahydrocurcumin appeared to have a better protective effect when compared to curcumin.
Substrate‐Dependent Modulation of UDP‐Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) by Propofol in Recombinant Human UGT1A1 and Human Liver Microsomes
Authors: Mano Yuji , Usui Takashi , Kamimura Hidetaka 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Our previous study has shown that propofol, a probe substrate for human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A9, activated the glucuronidation of 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU) by recombinant UGT1A1 in a concentration‐dependent manner. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of activation, and whether the stimulatory effect occurs when another substrate is used with human liver microsomes. The glucuronidation of 4‐MU followed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics with a Kmvalue of 101 µM in the absence of propofol. In the presence of 200 µM propofol, a concentration that causes heterotopic activation of 4‐MU glucuronidation (4‐MUG), the Vmaxvalue increased to 1.5‐fold, while the Kmvalue decreased to 0.53‐fold. In order to assess whether propofol activates UGT1A1 activity for a substrate other than 4‐MU, the effect of propofol on oestradiol 3β‐glucuronidation by recombinant UGT1A1 and in human liver microsomes was evaluated. In contrast to 4‐MUG activity, propofol inhibited UGT1A1‐catalysed oestradiol 3β‐glucuronidation in recombinant UGT1A1 as well as in human liver microsomes with IC50values of 59 and 228 µM, respectively. In addition, a known UGT1A1 modulator, 17α‐ethynyloestradiol, stimulated oestradiol 3β‐glucuronidation slightly at a concentration of 5 µM, while it inhibited 4‐MUG in recombinant UGT1A1 at all concentrations tested (5–100 µM). These findings indicate that the modulation of UGT1A1 by propofol is substrate‐dependent, and thus care should be taken when extrapolating the stimulatory effects of drugs for one glucuronidation substrate.
Amelioration of Corticosteroid‐Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Rosiglitazone Is Possibly Mediated through Stimulation of Thyroid Function and Inhibition of Tissue Lipid Peroxidation in Mice
Authors: Jatwa Rameshwar , Parmar Hamendra Singh , Panda Sunanda , Kar Anand 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:   We investigated the possible involvement of thyroid hormones and lipid peroxidation in the antidiabetic potential of rosiglitazone (a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors γ‐agonist) on corticosteroid‐induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rosiglitazone was administered to dexamethasone‐induced hyperglycaemic male mice and the alterations in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose were studied. Simultaneously changes in lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in renal and cardiac tissues (which are commonly affected in diabetes mellitus), were also investigated. Administration of dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg/day intramuscularly for 28 days) caused hyperglycaemia with a parallel increase in serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and tissue lipid peroxidation with a decrease in serum levels of both the thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine, T3 and thyroxine, T4) and in the activity of associated tissue antioxidants such as superoxide, catalase and glutathione. However, rosiglitazone administration (3.2 mg/kg/day orally for 21 days) along with an equivalent amount of dexamethasone reverted most of these changes, including a marked inhibition of tissue lipid peroxidation and an increase in the serum levels of both thyroid hormones. The present findings reveal that the test drug ameliorates corticosteroid‐induced type 2 diabetes mellitus through an increase in serum thyroid hormone concentrations and inhibition in tissue lipid peroxidation.
Large Eddy Simulations
of a Brine-Mixing Tank
Authors: Zamankhan Piroz , Huang Jun , Mousavi S.
Mohammad 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Traditionally, solid–liquid mixing has always been regarded as an empirical technology with many aspects of mixing, dispersing, and contacting related to power draw. One important application of solid–liquid mixing is the preparation of brine from sodium formate. This material has been widely used as a drilling and completion fluid in challenging environments such as in the Barents Sea. In this paper large-eddy simulations, of a turbulent flow in a solid–liquid, baffled, cylindrical mixing vessel with a large number of solid particles, are performed to obtain insight into the fundamental aspects of a mixing tank. The impeller-induced flow at the blade tip radius is modeled by using the sliding mesh. The simulations are four-way coupled, which implies that both solid–liquid and solid–solid interactions are taken into account. By employing a soft particle approach the normal and tangential forces are calculated acting on a particle due to viscoelastic contacts with other neighboring particles. The results show that the granulated form of sodium formate may provide a mixture that allows faster and easier preparation of formate brine in a mixing tank. In addition it is found that exceeding a critical size for grains phenomena, such as caking, can be prevented. The obtained numerical results suggest that by choosing appropriate parameters a mixture can be produced that remains free-flowing no matter how long it is stored before use.
Pharmacodynamic Assessment Based on Mutant Prevention Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones To Prevent the Emergence of Resistant Mutants of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Homma Tomoyuki , Hori Toshihiko , Sugimori Giichi , Yamano Yoshinori 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, on the basis of the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) concept, and the emergence of resistant mutants of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
to fluoroquinolone antibacterials. Some clinical isolates with various MIC and MPC values of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin were exposed under conditions simulating the time-concentration curves observed when moxifloxacin (400 or 80 mg, once a day) or levofloxacin (200 mg, twice a day) was orally administered by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. The decrease in susceptibility was evaluated by altering the population analysis profiles after moxifloxacin or levofloxacin treatment for 72 h. When the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0-24
)/MPC and peak concentration (
C
max
)/MPC were above 13.41 and 1.20, respectively, complete eradication occurred and no decrease in susceptibility was observed. On the other hand, when AUC
0-24
/MPC and
C
max
/MPC were below 0.84 and 0.08, respectively, the susceptibility decreased. However, the time inside the mutant selective window and the time above the MPC did not show any correlation with the decrease in susceptibility. These results suggest that AUC
0-24
/MPC and
C
max
/MPC are important parameters for predicting the emergence of resistant mutants and that higher values indicate greater effectiveness.
Fires in temperate peatlands (southern Quebec): past and recent trends
Authors: Lavoie Claude , Pellerin Stéphanie 
Published: July 2007

In this study, we reconstructed the long-term fire history of a set of ombrotrophic peatlands (bogs) located in a temperate region of southern Quebec (Bas-Saint-Laurent). Past and recent fire-free intervals (time interval between two consecutive fires) were compared using macrofossil analyses. During most of the Holocene epoch, fires were relatively rare events in bogs of the Bas-Saint-Laurent region. The fire-free intervals were approximately ten times longer (all sites considered) before the beginning of agricultural activities in the region (1800 AD) than after. This strongly suggests an anthropogenic influence on the fire regime prevailing in the bogs over the last 200 years. However, the shortening of the fire-free intervals was mainly the result of the ignition of one or two fires in almost every site during a relatively short period (200 years), rather than a higher fire frequency in each of the bogs. In some cases, fires had an influence on the vegetation structure of bogs, but it is more likely that a combination of several disturbances (fire, drainage, and drier than average summers) favoured the establishment of dense stands of pine and spruce, a forest expansion phenomenon that is now widespread in temperate bogs.
Virulence of, and interactions among, mountain pine beetle associated blue-stain fungi on two pine species and their hybrids in Alberta
Authors: Rice A.V. , Thormann M.N. , Langor D.W. 
Published: July 2007

Mountain pine beetle (MPB) is the most serious pest of lodgepole pine in western Canada, and it is predicted to spread into boreal jack pine within the next few years. Colonization of host trees by MPB-associated blue-stain fungi appears to be required for successful beetle reproduction. Three species of blue-stain fungi, Grosmannia clavigera (Robinson-Jeffery and Davidson) Zipfel, de Beer, and Wingfield (≡ Ophiostoma clavigerum (Robinson-Jeffery and Davidson) Harrington), Ophiostoma montium (Rumbold) von Arx, and Leptographium longiclavatum Lee, Kim, and Breuil, are associated with MPB in Alberta. In inoculation experiments, all three fungi caused lesions on lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids. On average, lesions were longer on jack pine and hybrids than on lodgepole pine, suggesting that fungal development will not be a barrier to MPB success in these trees. Differences in lesion length caused by the three fungal species were minimal, with significant differences observed only on hybrid pine and between O. montium and the other fungal treatments. On average, lesions caused by combinations of the three fungi (pair-wise and all together) did not differ significantly in length from those caused by the fungi singly, and none of the fungal species competitively excluded any of the others. These observations suggest that all three species are pathogenic to boreal pines and that the virulence of all three species is comparable.
The ectomycorrhizal status of Calostoma cinnabarinum determined using isotopic, molecular, and morphological methods
Authors: Wilson Andrew W. , Hobbie Erik A. , Hibbett David S. 
Published: July 2007

Calostoma cinnabarinum Corda belongs to the suborder Sclerodermatineae (Boletales), which includes many well-known ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes, but the genus Calostoma has been described as saprotrophic. This study combines isotopic, molecular, and morphological techniques to determine the mode of nutrition of C. cinnabarinum. δ13C and δ15N measurements were compared among co-occurring C. cinnabarinum, ectomycorrhizal fungi, saprotrophic fungi, and ectomycorrhizal plants. Isotopic profiles of C. cinnabarinum resembled those of ectomycorrhizal fungi but not those of saprotrophic fungi. For molecular analyses, ectomycorrhizal root tips were extracted from soil cores collected beneath C. cinnabarinum fruit bodies. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequences were obtained from ectomycorrhizal root tips using fungal-specific primers and screened against C. cinnabarinum nrITS sequences. Ectomycorrhizal root tips had nrITS sequences that matched C. cinnabarinum fruiting bodies. Root tips colonized by C. cinnabarinum were also described morphologically. Several morphological characters were shared between fruiting bodies and ectomycorrhizal root tips of C. cinnabarinum. Results of isotopic, molecular, and morphological analyses indicate that C. cinnabarinum is ectomycorrhizal. Molecular analysis and observations of plant associations suggest that C. cinnabarinum forms ectomycorrhizae with Quercus .