bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Yagyu Fumihiro , Okame Michio , Phan Tung Gia , Trinh Quang Duy , Yan Hainian , Hoang Kim Trong , Cao Anh Thi Huynh , Le Hoang Phuc , Okitsu Shoko , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA molecular epidemiological study on common diarrheal viruses was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between October 2002 and September 2003. Fecal samples were collected from 1,010 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis. Those samples were screened for groups A, B, and C rotavirus, adenovirus, genogroups I and II norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) by RT‐multiplex PCR, and the positive specimens were characterized further by ELISA, nested PCR, or sequencing. Among the diarrheal viruses detected, group A rotavirus was the most common, with a proportion of 67.4%, whereas NoV GII, adenovirus, SaV, and HAstV were also found in 5.5, 3.2, 0.8, and 0.6%, respectively. It is noteworthy that the group C rotavirus was first reported in Vietnam, with a proportion of 0.5% in this study. Fifty‐six of 1,010 (5.5%) samples were found positive with more than one viral agent, in which 25 samples contained both group A rotavirus and NoV GII. Group A rotavirus could be identified throughout year with the peaks in both the dry and rainy season, whereas other viruses prevailed mainly in the rainy season. G‐typing for the group A rotavirus showed that genotype 1 was still the most prevailing (33.0%), but interestingly, serotype 9 was emergent and became the third most common rotavirus G‐type in these samples (13.7%). The four most common G–P combinations globally, G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], and G4P[8] were found in 46.8% of rotavirus‐positive samples, and it is of interest that one unusual rotavirus G9P[19] strain was first detected in Vietnam. The majority of NoV strains belonged to GII/4, and SaV strains mainly clustered with the Manchester strain (GI/1). Twenty‐seven out of 32 adenovirus strains were identified as serotype 41. All HAstVs belonged to genotype 1. The results indicated clearly the impact of viral agents causing gastroenteritis and the importance of vaccination against diarrhea in Vietnam. J. Med. Virol. 79:582–590, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential regulation of BACE1 promoter activity by nuclear factor‐κB in neurons and glia upon exposure to β‐amyloid peptides
Authors: Bourne Krystyn Z. , Ferrari Diana C. , Lange‐Dohna Christine , Roßner Steffen , Wood Thomas G. , Perez‐Polo J. Regino 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients display cerebrovascular and parenchymal deposits of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides, which are derived by proteolytic processing by the β‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The rat BACE1 promoter has a nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) binding site. Deletion studies with a BACE1 promoter/luciferase reporter suggest that the NF‐κB binding DNA consensus sequence plays a suppressor role, when occupied by NF‐κB, in the regulation of neuronal brain BACE1 expression. Here we characterize a signal transduction pathway that may be responsible for the increases in Aβ associated with AD. We propose that the transcription factor NF‐κB acts as a repressor in neurons but as an activator of BACE1 transcription in activated astrocytes present in the CNS under chronic stress, a feature present in the AD brain. The activated astrocytic stimulation of BACE1 may in part account for increased BACE1 transcription and subsequent processing of Aβ in a cell‐specific manner in the aged and AD brain. As measured by reporter gene promoter constructs and endogenous BACE1 protein expression, a functional NF‐κB site was stimulatory in activated astrocytes and Aβ‐exposed neuronal cells and repressive in neuronal and nonactivated astrocytic cells. Given the evidence for increased levels of activated astrocytes in the aged brain, the age‐ and AD‐associated increases in NF‐κB in brain may be significant contributors to increases in Aβ, acting as a positive feedback loop of chronic inflammation, astrocyte activation, increased p65/p50 activation of BACE1 transcription, and further inflammation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late Weichselian fluvio‐aeolian sands and coversands of the type locality Grubbenvorst (southern Netherlands): sedimentary environments, climate record and age
Authors: Kasse C. , Vandenberghe D. , De Corte F. , Van Den Haute P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Weichselian Late Pleniglacial and Lateglacial aeolian stratigraphy (Older Coversand I, Beuningen Gravel Bed, Older Coversand II, Younger Coversand I, Usselo Soil, Younger Coversand II) in the southern Netherlands has been reinvestigated in its type locality (Grubbenvorst). Sedimentary environments have been reconstructed and related to their climatic evolution based on periglacial structures. In addition, 22 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages have been determined that provide an absolute chronology for the climatic evolution and environmental changes of the coversand area.From this work it appears that, prior to 25 ka fluvial deposition by the Maas dominated. After 25 ka fluvial activity reduced and deposition occurred in a fluvio‐aeolian environment with continuous permafrost (Older Coversand I). This depositional phase was dated between 25.2 ± 2.0 and 17.2 ± 1.2 ka. The upward increase of aeolian activity and cryogenic structures in this unit is related to an increase of climatic aridity and a decrease in sedimentation rate during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The Beuningen Gravel Bed, that results from deflation with polar desert conditions and that represents a stratigraphic marker in northwestern Europe, was bracketed between 17.2 ± 1.2 and 15.3 ± 1.0 ka. Based on this age result a correlation with Heinrich event H1 is suggested. Permafrost degradation occurred at the end of this period. Optical ages for the Older Coversand II unit directly overlying the Beuningen Gravel Bed range from 15.3 ± 1.0 ka at the base to 12.7 ± 0.9 ka at the top. Thus this regionally important Older Coversand II unit started at the end of the Late Pleniglacial and continued throughout the early Lateglacial. Its formation after the Late Pleniglacial (LP) maximum cold and its preservation are related to rapid climatic warming around 14.7 ka cal. BP. The Allerød age of the Usselo Soil was confirmed by the optical ages. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and fabrication of 3D‐plotted polymeric scaffolds in functional tissue engineering
Authors: Yousefi Azizeh‐Mitra , Gauvin Chantal , Sun Louise , DiRaddo Robert W. , Fernandes Julio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRegenerating the load‐bearing tissues requires 3D scaffolds that balance the temporary mechanical function with the biological requirements. In functional tissue engineering, designing scaffolds with biomimetic mechanical properties could promote tissue ingrowth since the cells are sensitive to their local mechanical environment. This work aims to design scaffolds that mimic the mechanical response of the biological tissues under physiological loading conditions. Poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds with varying porosities and pore sizes were made by the 3D‐plotting technique. The scaffolds were tested under unconfined ramp compression to compare their stress profile under load with that of bovine cartilage. A comparison between the material parameters estimated for the scaffolds and for the bovine cartilage based on the biphasic theory enabled the definition of an optimum window for the porosity and pore size of these constructs. Moreover, the finite element prediction for the stress distribution inside the scaffolds, surrounded by the host cartilaginous tissue, demonstrated a negligible perturbation of the stress field at the site of implantation. The finite element modeling tools in combination with the developed methodology for optimal porosity/pore size determination can be used to improve the design of biomimetic scaffolds. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:608–618, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Influence of hemicelluloses on the structure and properties of Lyocell fibers
Authors: Zhang Huiru , Tong Mingwei 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the present paper the difference in the structure and properties of Lyocell fibers with different hemicelluloses content was investigated. The supermolecular structure and the morphological characterization were compared. The fibril aggregation size was estimated by the cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS13C‐NMR) spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the difference in the mechanical, the fibrillation resistance and the dyeing properties of Lyocell fiber with different hemicelluloses content was also analyzed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:702–706, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Thermal properties of poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s derived from 1,12‐dodecanedioic acid and even aliphatic diols
Authors: Celli Annamaria , Barbiroli Giancarlo , Berti Corrado , Francesco Di Credico , Lorenzetti Cesare , Marchese Paola , Marianucci Elisabetta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of new aliphatic polyesters derived from 1,12‐dodecanedioic acid and different diols with an even number of methylene units have been studied to assess the effect of the chemical structure on the final thermal properties of the materials. The polyesters have high thermal stability and are fast crystallizing polymers, with crystallization rate similar to that of polyethylene (PE). This behavior is connected to the fact that long aliphatic chains assume conformational characteristics very similar to that of PE. However, the polyester prepared from ethanediol shows a peculiar behavior (for example, double melting peak, melting and crystallization temperatures, which do not fit the trend of those of the other samples and ringed spherulites) owing to a probable different conformation, deviating from the all‐trans planar typical of PE. In the isothermal crystallization studies, a bell‐shape trend has been found for the crystallization rate as a function of the number of (CH2) units in the diol. The high crystallization rate of the sample with long (CH2) sequences has been attributed to the high chain flexibility and, thus, high mobility in the molten state and ease of chain folding. By reducing the aliphatic sequence length, instead, implications of the structural characteristics of the samples are probably involved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1053–1067, 2007
Mechanical properties and morphology of homoblends of a poly(ethyl acrylate) ionomer having one ion pair per ionic repeat unit and a poly(ethyl acrylate) ionomer having two ion pairs
Authors: Song Ju‐Myung , Luqman Mohammad , Kim Joon‐Seop , Shin Kwanwoo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe mechanical properties and morphology of homoblends of poly(ethyl acrylate‐co‐acrylate) (PEAA) having one ion pair per ionic monomer repeat unit and poly(ethyl acrylate‐co‐itaconate) (PEAITA) having two ion pairs were investigated. It was found that the compositional variation in the ionomer homoblends did not affect the matrix or cluster glass transition temperatures of the two ionomers of the homoblends. It was also observed that the ionomer homoblends showed two ionic plateaus and that the changes in the two ionic moduli were directly related to the relative amounts of the two ionomers. The ionic moduli calculated with the model for filler‐dispersed materials were found to fit the experimental data to a great extent. Therefore, it was suggested that the PEAITA/PEAA ionomer homoblends were filler‐containing composite materials rather than miscible blends. In the X‐ray scattering study, it was observed that the morphology of the ionomer homoblends was not affected by mixing. The results obtained in this work might be useful for the modification of the storage moduli of copolymers in a certain temperature range without the alteration of their processing temperatures. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1045–1052, 2007.
Probe‐dependent and nonexponential relaxation kinetics: Unreliable signatures of downhill protein folding
Authors: Hagen Stephen J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe theoretical suggestion that some proteins may encounter no significant free energy barriers during their folding raises an important question: What experimental signature does this downhill folding produce? Several authors have argued that nonexponential (and especially stretched exponential) or probe‐dependent kinetics represent useful experimental signatures of a downhill free energy surface. Here we examine more closely the connection between unusual kinetics and downhill energy surfaces. Simulation of diffusive relaxation dynamics on a variety of generically downhill, two‐dimensional free energy surfaces shows that these surfaces do not necessarily produce either probe‐dependent or significantly nonexponential kinetics. Conversely, we find that two‐dimensional surfaces with significant (>3kB T) energy barriers can readily give rise to nonexponential and probe‐dependent kinetics. These results show that downhill folding does not constitute a necessary or sufficient condition for nonexponential and/or probe‐dependent folding kinetics. One cannot easily prove or disprove that a protein folds downhill simply by studying its relaxation kinetics. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two years of Visual Odometry on the Mars Exploration Rovers
Authors: Maimone Mark , Cheng Yang , Matthies Larry 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNASA's two Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) have successfully demonstrated a robotic Visual Odometry capability on another world for the first time. This provides each rover with accurate knowledge of its position, allowing it to autonomously detect and compensate for any unforeseen slip encountered during a drive. It has enabled the rovers to drive safely and more effectively in highly sloped and sandy terrains and has resulted in increased mission science return by reducing the number of days required to drive into interesting areas. The MER Visual Odometry system comprises onboard software for comparing stereo pairs taken by the pointable mast‐mounted 45 deg FOV Navigation cameras (NAVCAMs). The system computes an update to the 6 degree of freedom rover pose (x,y,z, roll, pitch, yaw) by tracking the motion of autonomously selected terrain features between two pairs of256×256stereo images. It has demonstrated good performance with high rates of successful convergence (97% on Spirit, 95% on Opportunity), successfully detected slip ratios as high as 125%, and measured changes as small as 2 mm, even while driving on slopes as high as 31 deg. Visual Odometry was used over 14% of the first 10.7 km driven by both rovers. During the first 2 years of operations, Visual Odometry evolved from an “extra credit” capability into a critical vehicle safety system. In this paper we describe our Visual Odometry algorithm, discuss several driving strategies that rely on it (including Slip Checks, Keep‐out Zones, and Wheel Dragging), and summarize its results from the first 2 years of operations on Mars. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multiplicity result including a sign-changing solution for an inhomogeneous Neumann problem with critical exponent
Authors: Hirano Norimichi , Shioji Naoki 
Published: March 2007

We study the existence of multiple solutions for the problemand we show that at least one of them is sign changing. Here Ω is a bounded domain in ℝN with N ⩾ 5 whose boundary is of class C2, ∂/∂ν is the outward normal derivative, and f ∈ LN/2(Ω) whose L2N/(N+2)(Ω) norm is sufficiently small.
Pathway of biogenesis of apolipoprotein E-containing HDL in vivo with the participation of ABCA1 and LCAT
Authors: Kypreos Kyriakos E. , Zannis Vassilis I. 
Published: March 2007

We have investigated the ability of apoE (apolipoprotein E) to participate in the biogenesis of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles in vivo using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in apoA-I−/− (apolipoprotein A-I) or ABCA1−/− (ATP-binding cassette A1) mice. Infection of apoA-I−/− mice with 2×109 pfu (plaque-forming units) of an apoE4-expressing adenovirus increased both HDL and the triacylglycerol-rich VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein)/IDL (intermediate-density lipoprotein)/LDL (low-density lipoprotein) fraction and generated discoidal HDL particles. ABCA1−/− mice treated similarly failed to form HDL particles, suggesting that ABCA1 is essential for the generation of apoE-containing HDL. Combined infection of apoA-I−/− mice with a mixture of adenoviruses expressing both apoE4 (2×109 pfu) and human LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) (5×108 pfu) cleared the triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, increased HDL and converted the discoidal HDL into spherical HDL. Similarly, co-infection of apoE−/− mice with apoE4 and human LCAT corrected the hypercholesterolaemia and generated spherical particles, suggesting that LCAT is essential for the maturation of apoE-containing HDL. Overall, the findings indicate that apoE has a dual functionality. In addition to its documented functions in the clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, it participates in the biogenesis of HDL-sized apoE-containing particles. HDL particles generated by this pathway may account at least for some of the atheroprotective functions of apoE.
Expression of transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPγ) in normal and neoplastic human tissues
Authors: Vezzalini M , Mombello A , Menestrina F , Mafficini A , Della Peruta M , Van Niekerk C , Barbareschi M , Scarpa A , Sorio C 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  To establish the conditions for protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPγ) detection in paraffin tissues using two antibodies raised against its NH2‐ (anti‐P4) and COOH‐termini (γTL1); to analyse its expression in normal tissues and to perform an initial screening of neoplastic tissues.Methods and results:  Membranous and/or cytoplasmic PTPγ expression was detected in the majority of epithelial cell types and in endocrine cells, with the highest expression in adrenal medulla, endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic islets. Both antibodies stained the thyroid follicular epithelium, but only anti‐P4 antibody stained the colloid matrix, suggesting shedding/secretion of the PTPγ extracellular domain. Marked loss of PTPγ immunoreactivity was detected in subsets of ovarian (21%), breast (56%) and lung (80%) neoplasms. Conversely, cytoplasmic positivity was found in 37% of lymphomas, mainly of high‐grade histotypes, while normal lymphocytes were negative. Brain tissue showed PTPγ expression in a few neuronal and glial elements and PTPγ was overexpressed in the majority of high‐grade astrocytomas.Conclusions:  We have analysed PTPγ expression in archival paraffin‐embedded tissues for the first time, demonstrating particularly high expression in endocrine cells and both down‐ and up‐regulation in neoplasia, the latter possibly reflecting the undifferentiated state of the neoplastic cells, suggesting a complex role for this phosphatase.
Track analysis of the marine palaeofauna from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous)
Authors: Gallo Valéria , Cavalcanti Mauro J. , Andrade da Silva Hilda Maria 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim  To analyse the worldwide distribution patterns of Turonian marine biotas using a panbiogeographical approach.Location  Turonian localities of southern and north‐eastern Brazil, Mexico, Canada, central Europe, England and Morocco.Method  Panbiogeographical track analysis.Results  Nine generalized tracks and six nodes were found. The generalized tracks comprise two vicariant track patterns (one northern and one mid‐southern) across the Atlantic.Main conclusions  The generalized tracks show clearly two separate marine biotas, which were associated with the proto‐South Atlantic and the proto‐North Atlantic oceans. These generalized tracks, as well as the two vicariant track clusters between the north and south Atlantic, are identified by vicariant relationships shared by most of the taxa analysed, and illustrate the final break up of the Gondwana and Laurasia supercontinents and the consequences of vicariant events for the biogeography of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Role of the Family Context in the Development of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Morris Amanda Sheffield , Silk Jennifer S. , Steinberg Laurence , Myers Sonya S. , Robinson Lara Rachel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article reviews current literature examining associations between components of the family context and children and adolescents' emotion regulation (ER). The review is organized around a tripartite model of familial influence. Firstly, it is posited that children learn about ER through observational learning, modeling and social referencing. Secondly, parenting practices specifically related to emotion and emotion management affect ER. Thirdly, ER is affected by the emotional climate of the family via parenting style, the attachment relationship, family expressiveness and the marital relationship. The review ends with discussions regarding the ways in which child characteristics such as negative emotionality and gender affect ER, how socialization practices change as children develop into adolescents, and how parent characteristics such as mental health affect the socialization of ER.
“I too was an Immigrant”: An Analysis of Differing Modes of Mobilization in Two Bronx Mexican Migrant Organizations1
Authors: Gálvez Alyshia 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper, based on dissertation fieldwork among Mexican migrant organizations in New York, examines differing modes of mobilization in two Bronx parish‐based voluntary associations. Even though the Mexican community in New York is consistently described as “new”, “young” and its migration as “recent”, there are some migrants who arrived decades ago, in the early 1980s, whose children and grandchildren have been born in the United States and whose experiences are quite different than those of newer migrants. Nonetheless, the network of fraternal societies founded on Guadalupan devotion which together comprises the largest and most visible Mexican organization in the city assumes commonalty of experiences, identity, faith and needs, based on the premise, “We are all undocumented”. In this paper I will unpack that “we” using ethnographic data from two Bronx parish Guadalupan committees to examine how a collective we is produced, contested, and complicated through time. What are the implications for the organizational strategies of the city‐wide association if some of the most established activists are no longer undocumented? What kinds of tensions exist within a community imagined to be unified but constantly faced with class and ethnic differences? These organizations posit a “citizenship” premised on all human beings sharing the same mother, the Virgin of Guadalupe, and ensuring the dignity and rights of all, irrespective of migratory status or nationality. What does it mean when some involved in the production of this discourse “regularize” their migratory status and are no longer in need of an alternative mode of citizenship? How effective will assertions of Mexican national identity linked to Guadalupan devotion be among second‐generation youths who are US citizens and have possibly never seen Mexico? What happens when activists begin to say “I was an immigrant”?