bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attempt to Demonstrate Large Arteriovenous Shunts in Skeletal Muscle during Stimulation of Sympathetic Vasodilator Nerves
Authors: Piiper Johannes , Rosell Sune 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe venous recovery of intra‐arterially injected wax spheres of different diameters (average sizes 20p, 30p and 40p respectively) was determined in skinned hind leg preparations from cats. Passage of spheres into the venous outflow would indicate perfusion of large arteriovenous shunts. The results provide no support for the assumption that vasodilator nerve activity opens large arteriovenous shunts of any importance from the quantitative point of view.
Caudate Nucleus and Electrocortical Activation in Cats
Authors: Laursen Arne Mosfeldt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA 14‐lead electrode was used to search for areas in and around the caudate nucleus from which electrocortical arousal could be elicited. Electrocortical arousal was induced from the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and the internal capsule and, probably by current spread, from the fringe of caudate tissue adjacent to the thalamus, but not from other portions of the caudate. The contrary results of other authors were ascribed to spread of current from the commonly used stimulating electrodes. It is concluded that there is no evidence to support the view that the caudate is a part of, or closely related to, the ascending reticular activating system.
Heparin and Thrombocytopenia in Experimental Burn Injuries
Authors: Johansson Stig‐Arne 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn experimental burns a decrease in the number of circulating platelets with an ensuing decrease of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in whole blood was found. In lung tissues an increase of 5‐HT was detected. Pre‐treatment of the animals with heparin prevented these effects. Coagulation time measurements showed a prolongation of the coagulation time. An increase of the anti‐thrombic substances in blood was found. It is suggested that heparin, being a strongly acid polyelectrolyte, acts on the platelets and their ability to absorb and release 5‐HT and prevents the onset of a transient intravascular coagulation during burn injuries.
Augmentation of Cardiac Contractile Force and Heart Rate by Medulla Oblongata Stimulation in the Cat
Authors: Rosén Anders 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElectrical stimulation in two relatively well circumscribed regions of the medulla oblongata elicited tachycardia and augmentation of the right ventricular contractile force recorded by a strain gauge arch technique. One of the two regions was found to be situated within the more central part of the pressor area. Stimulation in this region generally produced vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle parallel with the increased cardiac activity. The second region was found to be located in the“sympathetic vasodilator area” in the ventrolateral part of the medulla. Muscle vasodilatation elicited by stimulation in that region was accompanied by an increase in the cardiac functions. The augmentation of cardiac activity with stimulation of the two regions was mediated by the sympathetic innervation of the heart and, to a minor extent, by an elevated secretion from the adrenal medulla.
The Effect of Acetylcholine and Related Substances on the Isolated Muscle Spindle
Authors: Ottoson D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn studies on the action of various drugs on the isolated frog's muscle spindle it was found that ACh in concentrations below 1 times 10‐4 had no significant effect on the sensory endings of the spindle while higher concentrations (5 times 10‐4‐1 times 10‐3) caused a slight reduction of their activity. Other cholinesters like butyrylcholine, propionylcholine and succinylcholine had a similar action as ACh. Nor‐acetylcholine in concentrations of 5 X 10‐5‐1 times 10‐4 caused a suppression of the spontaneous activity and a reduction of the discharge during stretch. Of the anticholinesterases that were studied eserine, DFP and mintacol had an excitatory action that was followed by a cessation of the spontaneous discharge and a block of the response to stretch. Eserine was active in concentrations of 2 times 10‐4‐1 times 10‐3, DFP in concentrations of 3 times 10‐6‐1 times 10‐3 and mintacol in concentrations of 5 times 10‐6‐1 10‐5. Prostigmine had no significant action on the spindle. Histochemical determination of the cholinesterase activity in the spindle showed the presence of slight concentrations of cholinesterases in the polar regions of the spindle.
Aspects of the Glucose and Amino Acid Metabolism in the Liver and the Diaphragm of Normal and Obese‐Hyperglycemic Mice
Authors: Hellman Bo , Larsson Stig , Westman Sighild 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn vitro utilization of uniformly 14C‐labelled glucose was studied in the liver and diaphragm in the American variety of the hereditary obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome of mice. Only those obese animals were studied, where the livers were without obvious fatty degeneration. There was a higher glucose uptake per liver in the obese‐hyperglycemic syndrome. Expressed per unit weight, however, no significant diffences were found either in the liver or in the diaphragm. The same was true for the formation of CO2 and the incorporation of glucose in the lipid fraction and the insoluble residue after extraction with TCA and alcohol‐ether. An incorporation of measurable amounts of carbon atoms from glucose was observed in the following amino acids: in liver, alanine and glutamine, and in the diaphragm, alanine, glutamine and glutamic acid. On a weight to weight basis there were no differences between normal and obese‐hyperglycemic mice, except that in the latter the formation of glutamine was 4–5 times higher. The raised conversion of glucose to glutamine in the liver of obese‐hyperglycemic mice was the motivation for a separate analysis of the activity of glutamic‐oxalacetic trans‐aminase (GOT) and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (GPT), where, however, no statistical differences were observed between the two types of mice.
A Comparison of the Efficiencies of Free Lysine and of Roller‐Dried Skim Milk, Fish Protein and Soya Bean Protein for the Supplementation of Wheat Bread
Authors: Ericson L.‐E. , Larsson S. , Lid G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFree L‐lysine. HCl, roller‐dried skim milk, fish protein and soya bean protein were added to the dough of wheat bread and their supplementary values for the improvement of the protein value of the bread were compared. The growth rates and nitrogen efficiency ratios of young albino rats were used as indices of the improvements obtained.Within the concentration range studied, the supplementary values of the added substances were directly proportional to the amount of available lysine which they provided. No beneficial effect from the other essential amino acids supplied by the proteins tested as supplements was detected. The data also indicate that roller‐dried skim milk suffered a considerably greater loss of lysine during the baking of wheat bread than did the other supplements.
Tactile Pathways from the Hindlimb to the Cerebral Cortex in Cat
Authors: Norrsell U. , Voorhoeve P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTactile messages from the hindlimb to the cerebral cortex can ascend in the spinal cord outside the dorsal columns in a tract located in the dorso‐medial part of the lateral funicle. After crossing in the upper cervical region this path is located in the ventral funicle. Impulses transmitted via this system reach the cerebral cortex 2–4 msec earlier than those mediated via the dorsal columns.
The Nature of the Neuromuscular Block Produced by Neomycine
Authors: Elmqvist D. , Josefsson J.‐O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElmqjvist, D. and J.‐O. Josefsson.The nature of the neuromuscular block produced by neomycine.Acta physiol. scand. 1962.54.105–110. – The neuromuscular block produced by neomycine has been studied in the rat diaphragm and the frog sartorius by means of intra‐ and extracellular recording techniques. The block is due to a reduction in the amplitude of the end‐plate potential. This reduction is partly caused by a neomycine induced decrease in the sensitivity of the postjunctional end‐plate membrane to the depolarizing action of acetylcholine. Neomycine reduces the amount of transmitter released from the motor nerve in response to a nerve volley or to a high external potassium concentration. This prejunctional effect of neomycine is antagonized by an excess of Ca ions.
Changes in Kidney Leucine Aminopeptidase of Rats after Birth
Authors: Hopsu Väinö K. , Ruponen S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHopsu, V. K. and S. Ruponen. Changes in kidney leucine amino‐peptidase of rats after birth. Acta physiol. scand. 1962. 54. 111–115. – Activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) was determined his‐tochemically and quantitatively in altogether 70 kidneys from fetal, young and adult rats. During the fetal time LAP concentration was low, being about one tenth of the adult values. After birth the LAP concentration increased rapidly. The 80 % level was reached during the first week, whereafter the increase was small. During the fetal time LAP was histochemically located only in some groups of tubules but after birth over the whole cortex, especially in the juxtamedullary proximal tubules. The activity of LAP seemed to be correlated with kidney function and not with the rate of kidney growth.
The Effect of Respiratory Acidosis upon the Peripheral Vascular Reactivity to Noradrenaline in the Cat
Authors: Bygdeman S. , Euler U. S. von 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBygdeman, S. and L. S. von Euler. The effect of respiratory acidosis upon the peripheral vascular reactivity to noradrenaline in the cat. Acta phvsiol. scand. 1962. 54. 138–146. ‐“The effect of inhalation of different. concentrations of carbon dioxide upon the vascular response to i.a. infusions of noradrenaline in the hind leg of the cat perfused in situ with a constant, outflow pump, using the cat's own blood, has been studied. In addition, the systemic blood pressure responses to i. v. injections of noradrenaline were recorded. The effect of noradrenaline upon the peripheral resistance was reduced by about 70 per cent in the intact animal during inhalation of 20 per cent carbon dioxide while the reduction was about 60 per cent after acute transection of the sympathetic vasomotor nerves to the vascular bed. Similar results were obtained on the systemic blood pressure responses. Thus changes in the peripheral vascular reactivity can play an important role in explaining the decreased effectiveness of i.v. noradrenaline injections on the blood pressure during respiratory acidosis.
Die Darstellung von Hämin aus kleinen Blutmengen (0.1–0.2 ml)
Authors: Forssberg Arne , Tribukait Bernhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractForssberg, A. und B. Tribukait. Die Darstellung von Hamin aus kleinen Blutmengen (0.1–0.2 ml). Acta physiol. scand. 1962. 54. 147– 151. – A Modification of the glacial acetic acid‐acetone procedure for isolation of hemin crystals is described, allowing routine analyses of C14‐hemin‐activity in blood samples of 0.1–0.2 ml. The purity and homogenity of the isolated hemin was in good accordance with highly purified hemin as visualized from spectrophotometric and chromatographic data. Between C14‐activity and hemin concentration a strong linear correlation (r = 0.994) was found. Likewise, a strong linear correlation (r= 0.996) was found between the absorbancy of pyridine haemochromogen at 540 mμ, and 557 mμ, and the hemin concentration. Hemin samples which have been decomposed or are occasionally contaminated deviate from the linear correlation and can be discarded.
Bestimmung der Lebenszeit der nach akuter Blutung gebildeten Rattenerythrozyten (C14‐Hämin)
Authors: Forssberg Von Arne , Tribukait Bernhard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractForssberg, A. und B. Tribukait. Bestimmung der Lebenszeit der nach akuter Blutung gebildeten Rattenerythrozyten (C14‐Hamin). Acta physiol. scand. 1962. 54. 152–158. – The average life time of rat erythrocytes following an acute bleeding was found to be about 55 days, similar to that of normal animals. The rats were bled 1/3 of their blood volume by heart puncture. On the third day they were given 10 μC C14‐2‐glycine each intraperitoneally. The hemin was isolated from volumes of 0.1–0.2 ml blood drawn from the tail vein and the specific activity was computed. Simultaneously the total amount of hemin was determined following the CO method, giving the total haemin activity. The hemin of the control animals was found to retain 0.2–0.3 % of the injected activity against 0.4–0.5 % in the anemic ones. The hemin activity in both groups of animals remained on a plateau level for 40 days, and fell thereafter exponentially up to the 85th day.
Central Control of Cold Defense Mechanisms and the Release of “Endopyrogen” in the Goat
Authors: Andersen Harald T. , Andersson Bengt , Gale Charles 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAndersen, H. T. B. Andersson and C. Gale. Central control of cold defense mechanisms and the release of “endopyrogen” in the goat. Acta physiol. scand. 1962. 54. 159–174. – The thermoregulatory response to cooling of the preoptic area and the anterior hypothalamus was studied. In the calm animal, used to the experimental conditions, cooling of this part of the brain stem produced shivering in a cold environment only (below 18o C) or during local stimulation of peripheral cold receptors. Peripheral vasoconstriction was, however, obtained in all experiments even in a hot environment.Mild stress or the intravenous infusion of adrenaline and noradrenaline facilitated the shivering response to central cooling. Shivering could then be obtained also in a hot environment.After a delay of 25 to 45 minutes central cooling under certain circumstances induced a striking hypersensitivity of the cold defense mechanisms. The phenomenon was apparently due to a release of “endopyrogen”. It thus had all the known characteristics of the action of exogenous pyrogen. Adrenal medullary hormones seemed to be involved in the activation of the “endopyrogen”.To explain the results obtained, it is not necessary to postulate the existence of central cold receptors within the preoptic area. All observed effects which could be attributed to such neurons might as well be explained as due to an inactivation of central warm receptors.
Movements Evoked from the Region of the Caudate Nucleus in Gats
Authors: Laursen Arne Mosfeldt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMosfeldt Laursen, A. Movements evoked from the region of the caudate nucleus in cats. Acta physiol. scand. 1962. 54. 175–184. – The caudate nucleus and adjacent structures were stimulated in alert cats with implanted electrodes. With a 14 lead multielectrode assembly thresholds could be determined successively in points known distances apart without intervening displacement of brain tissue. Contraversive head turning and circling were the only motor responses of caudate origin: they were eliminated by lesions in the caudate whereas degeneration of the internal capsule left them unaffected. Flexion of contralateral extremities previously attributed to the caudate was elicited with the lowest threshold when stimuli were applied to the internal capsule. It remained unaffected by lesions in the caudate whereas it was eliminated by degeneration of the internal capsule. Thus when flexion of contralateral extremities was obtained from lead pairs of the multilead electrode situated in the caudate the response must be assumed to be due to stimulation of the internal capsule by current spread. It is consistent with this interpretation that contraversive head turning‐circling and contralateral flexion had their lowest thresholds at different frequencies of stimulation. Lip‐smacking, salivation and other responses with vegetative components were elicited from lead pairs of the multilead electrode in the septum or by current spread from electrodes in the caudate to the septum. The results were confirmed using bipolar electrodes of conventional design.
Phosphorylase Activity of Smooth Muscle
Authors: Mohme‐Lundholm Ella 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe activity of phosphorylase was studied in smooth muscle. The ratio of phosphorylaseatobwas higher in smooth than striated muscle. The total phosphorylase activity in bovine tracheal muscle was approximately 10 per cent of that in rabbit skeletal muscle. Adrenaline, which had a relaxing and glycogenolytic effect in tracheal muscle also stimulated the phosphorylase activity therein. The relaxing and the phosphorylase‐activating effects were not so closely linked, however, as to be suggestive of a causal relationship. In mesenteric arteries where adrenaline increased the tone and depressed glycogenolysis it had no demonstrable effect on the phosphorylase activity.
Vasomotor Nerve Activity and Oxygen Uptake in Skeletal Muscle of the Anesthetized Cat
Authors: Rosell Sune , Uvnäs Börje 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOxygen uptake in the skeletal muscles of cat hind legs was calculated from arterial and venous oxygen saturation and muscle blood flow. During increased blood flow due to vasodilator nerve activity the oxygen uptake declined after an initial increase. Augmented muscle blood flow due to inhibition of vasoconstrictor nerve activity led to an increased oxygen uptake. After experimental exclusion of other alternatives, it is suggested that activation of sympathetic vasodilator nerves produces an arteriolar dilatation with a shift in the pattern of flow within the postarteriolar vessels. Inhibition of vasoconstrictor nerve activity seems to dilate both arterioles and precapillary sphincters
Inhibition by Ganglionic Blocking Agents of the Motor Response of the Isolated Guinea‐Pig Vas Deferens to Hypogastric Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Sjöstrand Nils O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of nerve stimulation was studied on the isolated nerve‐vas deferens preparation from the guinea‐pig suspended in Tyrode solution to which various drugs were added. Azamethonium, hexamethonium, tetraethyl‐ammonium, lobeline and nicotine in ganglionic blocking concentrations inhibited the response to hypogastric nerve stimulation. The block caused by nicotine was generally preceded by a period of potentiation. The other substances produced inhibition without potentiation. The site of action of the ganglionic blocking agents is discussed and it is considered that they may act on 1) a synapse proper 2) chromaffin cells, or 3) “nonspecifically” on the nerve terminals
Separation of Chylomicron Lipids from Serum Lipoproteins on Hydroxyl Apatite Columns
Authors: Borgström By Bengt , Naito Chikayuki , Wlodawer Paulina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe separation of chyle lipoproteins on columns of hydroxyl apatite has been studied using phosphate buffer pH 6.9 of increasing molarity as eluent. Results obtained with lipoprotein fractions of different densities, isolated by centrifugation, indicate that 0.7 M buffer elutes lipoproteins with a density corresponding to Sf < 1,000. Lipoproteins with Sf < 1,000 cannot be eluted from the column, their lipids, however, can be recovered by eluting with chloroform/methanol. The lymph cholesterol of dietary origin is present to a larger extent in smaller size lipoprotein particles than the triglyceride fatty acids of the same origin
A Tonometer for the Recording of Tenseness Variations in the Kidney in Situ
Authors: ÅStrom A. , Samelius U. , Strandell T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA tonometer for continuous recording of the tenseness of the kidney is described. The device has been used to measure tenseness of the kidney in situ in anaesthetized cats with intact renal arterial blood supply as well as with blood perfusion by a pump. Increase in tenseness has been produced by elevating renal venous pressure, and a decrease by partial occlusion of the arterial blood supply. In some instances intrarenal pressure measurements were made by the needle puncture technique. The factors determining kidney tenseness are discussed and it is concluded that the tonometer truly reflects intrarenal pressure which is taken as a sum of interstitial pressure and the pressure distending the veins and tubules during conditions of positive blood and urine flow. It is suggested that the tonometer may be a useful tool for further studies of the hemodynamics of the kidney.
The Effect of Estrogenic Hormones on Cell Division and Growth in Some Tissues of Mice
Authors: Pettersson Inga 
Published: December 2008

Abstract— The effect of estrogens upon cell division in genital and non‐genital tissues of mice has been investigated, the non‐genital tissue in vivo as well as in vitro, the genital tissue in vivo. In the in vivo experiments an increased mitotic index depending upon an increased prophase number was observed, from what it may be concluded that there is a real mitotic activation. In the in vitro experiments it was observed that the effect of estradiol upon cell division depended upon the concentration in the medium: Low concentration caused increased mitotic activity, high concentrations, on the other hand, caused a metaphase block. A difference in response to estrogens of genital and non‐genital tissue as well as a different effect upon tissue in vivo and in vitro have been observed.
Observations on Anaphylactic and Compound 48/80‐Induced Histamine Release from Guinea‐Pig and Rat Lung Tissue in Vitro
Authors: Diamant Bertil 
Published: December 2008

Abstract— The effect of oxygen lack on anaphylactic histamine release from sensitized guinea‐pig and rat lung tissue in vitro has been investigated, and found to consist of pronounced inhibition, provided that the incubation medium (phosphate buffer) was devoid of glucose. In the presence of glucose, this inhibition was overcome progressively with rising concentrations of glucose. Under oxygen, the anaphylactic histamine release from guinea‐pig lung tissue was also enhanced by the presence of glucose. By comparing anaphylactic histamine release from guinea‐pig lung tissue and Compound 48/80‐induced histamine release from rat lung tissue in glucose‐containing phosphate buffer and Tyrode solution, respectively, it has been demonstrated that pH changes produced by gassing the Tyrode solution with oxygen and nitrogen have obscured the true effect of nitrogenation in earlier investigations performed in glucose‐containing Tyrode solution.
Effects of Two Rapid Acting Cardiac Glycosides on Dog's Heart‐Lung Preparation
Authors: Areskog Nils‐Holger 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of two rapid acting cardiac glycosides, convallatoxin and acetyl strophanthidin, were investigated on heart lung preparations of dog. The positive inotropic effect, the ‘electrolyte’ effect (induction of cellular potassium loss), and the ‘toxic’ effect (induction of tachycardia and arrhythmia) were studied with special regard to magnitude and time course of response. Changes of plasma pH in the HLP were caused by changes of Pco2 in the inspired air. A difference was found between convallatoxin and acetyl strophanthidin. For acetyl strophanthidin, the magnitudes of the electrolyte and the inotropic effects showed positive correlation in different preparations; for convallatoxin, the inotropic effect tended to decrease with an increasing electrolyte effect. This difference in action between the glycosides supports the theory that the mechanisms for their inotropic and electrolyte effects are separate. Another difference between the two glycosides was that acetyl strophanthidin had an inotropic optimum at a lower plasma pH level than convallatoxin. The result further suggests that the electrolyte and the ‘toxic’ effects are related, at least more so than the electrolyte and the inotropic effects.