bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic potentiation induces increased glial coverage of excitatory synapses in CA1 hippocampus
Authors: Lushnikova Irina , Skibo Galina , Muller Dominique , Nikonenko Irina 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPatterns of activity that induce synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, such as long‐term potentiation, result in structural remodeling of the postsynaptic spine, comprising an enlargement of the spine head and reorganization of the postsynaptic density (PSD). Furthermore, spine synapses represent complex functional units in which interaction between the presynaptic varicosity and the postsynaptic spine is also modulated by surrounding astroglial processes. To investigate how activity patterns could affect the morphological interplay between these three partners, we used an electron microscopic (EM) approach and 3D reconstructions of excitatory synapses to study the activity‐related morphological changes underlying induction of synaptic potentiation by theta burst stimulation or brief oxygen/glucose deprivation episodes in hippocampal organotypic slice cultures. EM analyses demonstrated that the typical glia‐synapse organization described in in vivo rat hippocampus is perfectly preserved and comparable in organotypic slice cultures. Three‐dimensional reconstructions of synapses, classified as simple or complex depending upon PSD organization, showed significant changes following induction of synaptic potentiation using both protocols. The spine head volume and the area of the PSD significantly enlarged 30 min and 1 h after stimulation, particularly in large synapses with complex PSD, an effect that was associated with a concomitant enlargement of presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, synaptic activity induced a pronounced increase of the glial coverage of both pre‐ and postsynaptic structures, these changes being prevented by application of the NMDA receptor antagonist D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoic acid. These data reveal dynamic, activity‐dependent interactions between glial processes and pre‐ and postsynaptic partners and suggest that glia can participate in activity‐induced structural synapse remodeling. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Normal spectral emittance of a nickel metal surface with rectangular microcavities
Authors: Hirashima Daisuke , Kameya Yuki , Hanamura Katsunori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSpectral control of thermal radiation emitted from rectangular microcavities (0.5×0.5×0.5µm3) was investigated through emission experiments at high temperatures. The microcavities were fabricated on a mirror‐finished Ni metal surface. Through measurement of the normal spectral emittance, the maximum emittance was obtained around a wavelength of 0.87µm, which was very close to that (0.894µm) estimated from the cavity resonance theory. The emittance reached a maximum value of 0.95, and then decreased drastically with increasing wavelength, from the cut‐off wavelength. For a longer wavelength range from 1.7µm, it was equal to the emittance of the mirror‐finished surface. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20248
In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitioneal injection
Authors: Chen Jinyuan , Dong Xia , Zhao Jing , Tang Guping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBecause of its excellent optical performance and electrical properties, TiO2 has a wide range of applications in many fields. It is often considered to be physiologically inert to humans. However, some recent studies have reported that nano‐sized TiO2 may generate potential harm to the environment and humans. In this paper the in vivo acute toxicity of nano‐sized TiO2 particles to adult mice was investigated. Mice were injected with different dosages of nano‐sized TiO2 (0, 324, 648, 972, 1296, 1944 or 2592 mg kg–1). The effects of particles on serum biochemical levels were evaluated at various time points (24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days). Tissues (spleen, heart, lung, kidney and liver) were collected for titanium content analysis and histopathological examination. Treated mice showed signs of acute toxicity such as passive behavior, loss of appetite, tremor and lethargy. Slightly elevated levels of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were found from the biochemical tests of serum whereas blood urea nitrogen was not significantly affected (P <0.05). The accumulation of TiO2 was highest in spleen (P <0.05). TiO2 was also deposited in liver, kidney and lung. Histopathological examinations showed that some TiO2 particles had entered the spleen and caused the lesion of spleen. Thrombosis was found in the pulmonary vascular system, which could be induced by the blocking of blood vessels with TiO2 particles. Moreover, hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal glomerulus swelling and interstitial pneumonia associated with alveolar septal thickening were also observed in high‐dose groups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasmapheresis therapy for rare but potentially fatal reaction to rituximab
Authors: Hastings Deborah , Patel Bhavesh , Torloni Antonio Sergio , Mookadam Farouk , Betcher Jeffrey , Moss Adyr , Heilman Raymond , Mazur Marek , Hamawi Khaled , Mulligan David , Reddy Kunam , Mekeel Kristin , Chakkera Harini 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRituximab (Rituxan), a genetically engineered chimeric murine and human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against CD20 antigen, is an emerging drug used for a wide spectrum of disease processes and found to be relatively safe. We report a near‐fatal reaction to rituximab, which started 30 min after infusion and worsened over 24 to 48 h, resulting in hemodynamic and respiratory compromise that necessitated both intubation and high‐dose vasopressors. Subsequent treatment with plasmapheresis helped stabilize and improve the patient's clinical condition, and the patient was discharged home on hospital day 5. There is no specific treatment for these severe and sometimes fatal reactions except supportive care with plasmapheresis. With the increased use of rituximab therapy in the medical management of numerous diseases, those in the medical community need to be cognizant of the rare fatal or near‐fatal infusion reaction and the benefit that may accrue from plasmapheresis therapy. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADAMTS13 activity levels in patients with human immunodeficiency virus‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy and profound CD4 deficiency
Authors: Park Yara A. , Hay Shauna N. , Brecher Mark E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground:Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) encompasses a number of disorders with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). A deficiency in ADAMTS13 enzyme levels, along with an inhibitory antibody, is found in most patients with idiopathic TTP. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can have a TTP‐like illness; however, it appears to have a different etiology.Methods:A retrospective review of patients who had an ADAMTS13 activity level performed from 2005 through 2007 was completed. Patients with a diagnosis of HIV infection with TMA were investigated.Results:Two patients were identified. Case 1: a 47‐year‐old man with HIV infection and a CD4 count <10/μL presented with altered mental status, pneumonia, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The ADAMTS13 level was 71%. He was treated with plasma infusion. Two days after admission, he expired because of respiratory distress syndrome and metabolic lactic acidosis. Case 2: a 39‐year‐old man with HIV infection and a CD4 count of 9/μL presented with chest pain, acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The ADAMTS13 level was 65%. He received multiple units of fresh frozen plasma without significant improvement in his platelet count. Six days after admission, the patient began highly active antiretroviral therapy, which resulted in a rapid increase in his platelet count.Conclusions:HIV‐associated TMA is postulated to have a different pathophysiology than idiopathic TTP. This study supports that assumption because both patients exhibited many of the classic findings of TTP but did not have a deficiency of ADAMTS13. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low magnitude and high frequency mechanical loading prevents decreased bone formation responses of 2T3 preosteoblasts
Authors: Patel Mamta J. , Chang Kyungh Hwa , Sykes Michelle C. , Talish Roger , Rubin Clinton , Jo Hanjoong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBone loss due to osteoporosis or disuse such as in paraplegia or microgravity is a significant health problem. As a treatment for osteoporosis, brief exposure of intact animals or humans to low magnitude and high frequency (LMHF) mechanical loading has been shown to normalize and prevent bone loss. However, the underlying molecular changes and the target cells by which LMHF mechanical loading alleviate bone loss are not known. Here, we hypothesized that direct application of LMHF mechanical loading to osteoblasts alters their cell responses, preventing decreased bone formation induced by disuse or microgravity conditions. To test our hypothesis, preosteoblast 2T3 cells were exposed to a disuse condition using the random positioning machine (RPM) and intervened with an LMHF mechanical load (0.1–0.4 g at 30 Hz for 10–60 min/day). Exposure of 2T3 cells to the RPM decreased bone formation responses as determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization even in the presence of a submaximal dose of BMP4 (20 ng/ml). However, LMHF mechanical loading prevented the RPM‐induced decrease in ALP activity and mineralization. Mineralization induced by LMHF mechanical loading was enhanced by treatment with bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and blocked by the BMP antagonist noggin, suggesting a role for BMPs in this response. In addition, LMHF mechanical loading rescued the RPM‐induced decrease in gene expression of ALP, runx2, osteomodulin, parathyroid hormone receptor 1, and osteoglycin. These findings suggest that preosteoblasts may directly respond to LMHF mechanical loading to induce differentiation responses. The mechanosensitive genes identified here provide potential targets for pharmaceutical treatments that may be used in combination with low level mechanical loading to better treat osteoporosis or disuse‐induced bone loss. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 306–316, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying and screening for psychological and comorbid medical and psychological disorders in medical settings
Authors: Kessler Rodger 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere is increased attention to the medical and economic consequences of psychological problems comorbid with medical issues. There is also a clear awareness that most psychological problems are assessed and responded to in nonpsychiatric medical settings. This has furthered interest and attention in implementing screening procedures to better identify psychological, behavioral, and substance abuse problems in medical settings. Such interest is taking the form of recommendations from federal government task forces, and the funding of large projects to include screening in medical settings. At the same time there has been further attention to brief, valid, and reliable measures with which to capture psychological comorbidities. However, there have been multiple concerns raised about a variety of issues concerning the utility and effectiveness of such screening procedures and the identification of multiple issues to be considered in screening design. The author outlines and reviews the rationale and concerns about screening, identifies the issues that need to be considered in screening program development, and describes the efforts to develop a screening capacity in a rural family practice. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–15, 2009.
The importance of signal pathway modulation in all aspects of tooth development
Authors: Tummers Mark , Thesleff Irma 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMost characteristics of tooth shape and pattern can be altered by modulating the signal pathways mediating epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in developing teeth. These regulatory signals function in complex networks, characterized by an abundance of activators or inhibitors. In addition, multiple specific inhibitors of all conserved signal pathways have been identified as modulators in tooth development. The number of teeth as well as molar cusp patterns can be modified by tinkering with several different signal pathways. The inhibition of any of the major conserved signal pathways in knockout mice leads to arrested tooth formation. On the other hand, the stimulation of the Wnt pathway in the oral epithelium in transgenic mice leads to abundant de novo tooth formation. The modulation of some of the signal pathways can rescue the development of vestigial tooth rudiments in the incisor and molar regions resulting in extra premolar‐like teeth. The size and the degree of asymmetry of the continuously growing mouse incisor can be modulated by modifying the complex network of FGF, bone morphogenetic protein, and Activin signals, which regulate the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial stem cells. Follistatin, Sprouty, and Sostdc1 are important endogenous inhibitors antagonizing these pathways and they are also involved in regulation of enamel formation, and patterning of teeth in crown and root domains. All these findings support the hypothesis that the diversity of tooth types and dental patterns may have resulted from tinkering with the conserved signal pathways, organized into complex networks, during evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:309–319, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and radiolabelling of Re(CO)3‐β‐elemene derivatives as potential therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Ren Yunfeng , Sun Yanhong , Cheng Kangmin , Liu Guifeng , Shen Yumei 
Published: January 2009

Abstractβ‐Elemene, (1S, 2S, 4R)‐(−)‐(1‐methy‐1‐vinyl‐2,4‐diisopropenyl cyclohexane) is an anticancer agent from the Traditional Chinese Herb Medicinal. Three novel Re(CO)3‐β‐elemene derivatives including their radioactive conjugates containing N,N,N tridentate ligands and tricarbonyl rhenium (complex 12, 13, 14) were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by infrared (IR), 1H‐NMR and HRMS. Good radioactive yield (above 90%) and radioactive chemical purity with Re‐188 (above 95%) were obtained for all of the three derivatives (complex 15, 16, 17). The antiproliferative activity of non‐radioactive β‐elemene‐Re(CO)3 derivatives on Lewis lung cancer cells and HeLa cell lines were evaluated by WST‐1 methods. The result shows substantial decrease in IC50 values compared with the parent compound β‐elemene. The synthesis and radiosynthesis of β‐elemene tricarbonyl rhenium conjugates provide the possibility to find a new kind of potential radiopharmaceuticals on β‐elemene. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic analysis of optic nerve lipid rafts reveals new paranodal proteins
Authors: Ogawa Yasuhiro , Rasband Matthew N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNeuron–glia interactions at paranodal junctions play important roles in action potential propagation. Among their many functions, they contribute to the passive electrical properties of myelinated nerve fibers and actively regulate the polarized distribution of ion channels along axons. Despite their importance, relatively little is known about the molecules responsible for paranode formation and function. Paranodal junction formation apparently depends on interactions among three cell adhesion molecules: caspr and contactin on the axon and neurofascin 155 (NF‐155) on the glial membrane. Using Caspr‐null paranodal mutant mice, we demonstrate that loss of paranodal junctions causes failure of NF‐155 to partition into lipid rafts, indicating that proteins located at paranodal junctions have biochemical characteristics of lipid raft‐associated proteins. Based on this property of paranodal junctions, mass spectrometry of lipid rafts isolated from a pure white matter tract (optic nerve) was used to search for new paranodal proteins. Because we used a relatively crude biochemical preparation, we identified several hundred different proteins. Among these, we found all previously described paranodal proteins. Further analysis based on antibody staining of central and peripheral nerves revealed β‐adducin, septin 2, and sh3p8 as putative paranodal proteins. We describe the localization of these proteins in relation to other markers of nodes, paranodes, and juxtaparanodes in adult and developing nerve fibers. Finally, we describe their distribution in dysmyelinating TremblerJ mice, a model for the peripheral neuropathy Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p75NTR Expression is induced in isolated neurons of the penumbra after ischemia by cortical devascularization
Authors: Angelo Maria Florencia , Aviles‐Reyes Rolando X. , Villarreal Alejandro , Barker Phil , Reines Analia G. , Ramos Alberto Javier 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is involved in neuronal functions ranging from induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition to the promotion of survival. p75NTR expression is induced in the central nervous system (CNS) by a range of pathological conditions, where it seems to have a role in neuronal death and axonal growth inhibition. The cellular mechanisms driving p75NTR expression in cell lines and primary neurons is Sp1 dependent (Ramos et al. [2007] J. Neurosci. 27:1498). In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal profile of p75NTR expression after an ischemic lesion induced by cortical devascularization (CD). Our results show that p75NTR expression occurs in isolated neurons of the ischemic lesion site. The p75NTR+ neurons presented morphological alterations and active caspase‐3 staining. Some p75NTR+ neurons were also positive for sortilin. The peak of p75NTR expression was localized 3 days postlesion (3DPL) in the penumbra. Sp1 transcription factor nuclear localization was observed in p75NTR+ neurons. The overall level of Sp1 expression was increased until 14DPL on the ipsilateral hemisphere. With primary cortical neurons, we demonstrated that p75NTR expression is induced by excitotoxic stress and correlated with increased Sp1 abundance. We conclude that p75NTR expression is localized in selected neurons of the ischemic lesion and that these neurons are probably condemned to apoptotic cell death. In primary neuronal culture, it is clear that excitotoxity and Sp1 are involved in induction of p75NTR expression, although, in vivo, some additional mechanisms are likely to be involved in the control of p75NTR expression in specific neurons in vivo. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of D,L‐serine in midbrain of Parkinson's disease mouse by capillary electrophoresis with in‐column light‐emitting diode induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Li Shuting , Yu Qinglei , Lu Xin , Zhao Shulin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA capillary electrophoresis method with in‐column light‐emitting diode induced fluorescence detection is described for simultaneous determination of D,L‐serine in the midbrain of a Parkinson's disease mouse. D,L‐Serine was derivatized with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and chiral separation and determination of D,L‐serine derivatives were performed on a laboratory‐built capillary electrophoresis system with in‐column light‐emitting diode induced fluorescence detector using γ‐cyclodextrin as chiral selector. Using this method, the levels of D‐ and L‐serine in the midbrains of Parkinson's disease mice were determined. When compared to controls, the levels of D‐ and L‐serine showed significant differences. The result suggested that the biosynthesis and the transportation of endogenous D,L‐serine may participate in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.
Use of fullerene‐, octadecyl‐, and triaconthyl silica for solid phase extraction of tryptic peptides obtained from unmodified and in vitro glycated human serum albumin and fibrinogen
Authors: Böddi Katalin , Takátsy Anikó , Szabó Szilvia , Markó Lajos , Márk László , Wittmann István , Ohmacht Róbert , Montskó Gergely , Vallant Rainer M. , Ringer Thomas , Bakry Rania , Huck Christian W. , Bonn Günther K. , Szabó Zoltán 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSPE plays a crucial role in bioanalytical research. In the present work a novel fullerene(C60)‐derivatised silica material is compared with octadecyl(C18) – and triaconthyl(C30)‐silicas regarding recoveries of peptides and sequence coverage of HSA and fibrinogen digests. C30‐ and C60(30 nm)‐SPE materials were found to be the two most prominent SPE materials. At low peptide concentrations C60‐material prepared from a silica gel with a pore size of 30 nm has proven to be the best material with regards to recoveries. By increasing the amount of loaded peptides recoveries decrease due to its relative low binding capacity in contrast to C30‐silica particles, showing no changes. The best sequence coverages of Aα‐ and Bβ‐chains of 20 pmol fibrinogen digest can also be achieved using these two SPE materials, C60 (30 nm) demonstrates an outstanding value of sequence coverage (62.15%) achieved for the γ‐chain. After nonenzymatic glycation the digests of fibrinogen and HSA were also separated. This makes the detection of a considerably higher number of glycated peptides possible compared to the unfractionated digests and the use of boronate affinity chromatography in the case of fibrinogen. For HSA, ten new sites of glycation at lysine and arginine residues have been explored. Using the detailed SPE/off‐line MALDI method the glycation sites on fibrinogen are first described in this paper.
Unique potentiometric detection systems for HPLC determination of some steroids in human urine
Authors: Vissers Bert , Everaert Joseph , Sekula Justyna , Malak Anna , Bohets Hugo , Bazylak Grzegorz , Nagels Luc J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIsocratic HPLC with potentiometric detection is used for the determination of some 17‐ketosteroids (17‐KS), e.g., androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and estrone, and their respective sulfated conjugates (17‐KSS). Glassy carbon or composite electrodes containing a mixture of graphite and poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, were used as substrate electrodes. These substrates were covered either by montmorillonite or potassium tetrakis(p‐chlorophenyl) borate containing PVC‐based rubber phase membranes. The neutral 17‐KS compounds were derivatized with Girard's reagent P (GP) to obtain cationic pyridinium acetohydrazones prior to the HPLC/potentiometric detection assay. No side reactions were observed, and the GP itself was not interfering. The method yielded accurate and reproducible results and was applicable to samples containing down to micromolar concentrations. Next, the 17‐KSS compounds, acting as anionic charged molecules, were determined directly in human urine samples with the HPLC/potentiometry combination without preliminary derivatization. For this purpose, a new anion‐sensitive potentiometric electrode was developed using a macrocyclic polyamine containing, PVC‐based, rubber phase membrane. The three 17‐KSS compounds were also determined accurately down to micromolar concentrations. Especially, the main androgen metabolites as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and androsterone sulfate could be selectively determined with a developed potentiometric sensor in human urine samples without time‐consuming cleanup and preconcentration step.