bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ELECTROPHORETIC STUDIES ON PHOSPHATASES FROM THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE
Authors: Täljedal Inge-Bert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Disc-electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels was used for the separation of phosphatases from the pancreatic islets of American obese-hyperglycaemic mice. Three sites of enzyme activity involving inosine diphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and thiamine pyrophosphate were observed and their apparent substrate specificity and sensitivity to various ions examined. By comparison with the epididymis, it was concluded that the different enzyme activities most probably represented alkaline phosphatase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and Golgi-associated nucleoside diphosphatase. The activity of the last enzyme was measured in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas of fed and starved animals by densitometric scanning of the stained gels. The Golgi-associated nucleoside-diphosphatase activity was found to be about 4 times higher in the islets than in the acinar tissue, starvation of the animals for 7 days being without effect. The relative activities of two different molecular varieties of non-specific acid phosphatase were assayed after the isoenzymes had been extracted from the polyacrylamide gels. In the liver and endocrine pancreas the most rapidly migrating enzyme had the highest activity. Most of the enzyme activity from the exocrine pancreas, on the other hand, was found in the slow band.
THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ON TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION
Authors: Levin Joseph , Lloyd Charles W. , Lobotsky Julia , Friedrich E. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and the production rate (PR) of testosterone were measured in four male subjects by the method of constant infusion of tritiated testosterone. The mean value of the MCR of 1161 ± 80 (SD) liters/24 hours was not altered by the infusion of epinephrine, at the rate of 0.466 mg per hour for three: hours. The plasma testosterone concentration was measured by the double isotope method of Riondel et al. (1963). Epinephrine significantly decreased this concentration (28%) and also the production rate (28%) The effect of epinephrine on plasma testosterone concentration was measured in six additional male subjects, and the results of the total of 10 subjects showed that there was a decrease of (28%) in the concentration. It was concluded that epinephrine significantly diminished the production rate of testosterone.
FURTHER STUDIES ON HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITH LOW AND HIGH INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION
Authors: Cerasi Erol , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a previous paper it was shown that 15 out of 85 healthy subjects with a normal intravenous glucose tolerance demonstrated a low plasma insulin response to glucose infusion which was similar to that obtained in diabetic subjects. In the present paper it has been shown that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion was the same when the test was repeated.
Low insulin responders to glucose infusion, as a group, also showed low insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. This indicates that the type of insulin response is characteristic for a given subject irrespective of the stimulation used.
There seemed to be no difference in the occurrence of diabetes in the family history of the groups of low and high insulin responders.
THE EFFECT OF OESTROGENS ON THE HEALING OF URINARY BLADDER WOUNDS.
Authors: Rasmussen Finn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The healing of linear wounds in the urinary bladder was studied in control and oestrogen-treated male rabbits. Oestradiol monobenzoate increased the content of acid mucopolysaccharides in the bladder wall, decreased the synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides in the healing wounds. and had no effect on collagen production.
OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN ANENCEPHALUS
Authors: Nakayama Tetsuya , Arai Kiyoshi , Yanaihara Takumi , Tabei Toru , Satoh Kazuo , Nagatomi Keiji 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion and concentration of oestrogens in the cord and maternal plasma were determined in three cases of pregnancy with anencephalus. All the foetuses had atrophied adrenal glands. In the cord plasma, the overall oestrogen levels were low; oestriol was one fourth to one eighth, whereas oestrone and oestradiol were one half to the normal values. The amounts of all three oestrogens were low in the maternal plasma and urine.
The placenta of an anencephalic foetus was perfused with labelled dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), and the radioactive metabolites of the perfusate were examined. More than 90% of the radioactivity was found in the phenolic fraction, and this fraction was further separated by gradient elution partition chromatography. 39.3% and 42.8% of the radioactivity was in oestrone and oestradiol fractions respectively. Each radioactive peak was then purified by paper chromatography, and the specific activities were obtained as cpm/μg Kober chromogen. Standard carriers were added to an aliquot and recrystallized to a constant specific activity. No radioactivity could be found in the oestriol fraction.
The results of this study indicate that the placenta of an anencephalic foetus can aromatize DHA in the same manner as the placenta of a normal foetus, and the results suggest that the foetal side is responsible for the abnormal oestrogen values.
The possible foeto-placental relationship in pregnancy is discussed from the point of view of oestrogen metabolism.
STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN.
Authors: Dell'Acqua S. , Mancuso S. , Wiqvist N. , Ruse J. L. , Solomon S. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Androst-5-ene-3β,16α,17β-triol-7α-3H was synthesized and the metabolism of this compound was studied in two volunteers following the administration at laparotomy of a tracer dose into the intact foeto-placental circulation.
The bulk of the radioactive material recovered from the placenta was in an unconjugated form. From this fraction androst-5-ene-3β,16α,17β-triol (Δ5-TRIOL), 16α-hydroxy-testosterone (16αHO-T) and oestriol (OE3) were isolated, but no labelled 16α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (16αHO-DHA), 16α-hydroxy-androstenedione (16αHO-A), 16α-hydroxyoestrone (16αHO-OE1) or 16oxo-17β-oestradiol (16oxo-OE2) were detected.
Some 90 per cent of the unconjugated and 77 to 90 per cent of the conjugated radioactive material present in the various foetal tissues was isolated as Δ5-TRIOL. Oestriol was also isolated, but only from the liver. It was present exclusively in a conjugated form. No conjugated or unconjugated 16αHO-DHA, 16αHO-OE1 or 16oxo-OE2 was detected in the foetal tissues.
The data indicate that the midterm placenta extensively converts Δ5-TRIOL into 16αHO-T and some of the latter into OE3, but that neither the placenta, nor the foetus is capable of converting these ring D glycols into the corresponding ketols. Considerable quantities of OE3, but little, if any, of the 16αHO-T formed seem to be released by the placenta to the foetus.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF INTRACEREBRAL CORTICOID IMPLANTS
Authors: Feldman Shaul , Conforti Nisim , Davidson Julian M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chronic implantation of cortisol acetate in the basal medial hypothalamus resulted in a steady decrease in weight of the adrenal glands which remained severely atrophic up to 70 days post-implantation. At this time, however, the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion response to unilateral adrenalectomy was normal. The compensatory adrenal hypertrophy (CAH) response, which was inhibited in the immediate post-operative period, reappeared later, and had returned to normal by 21 days postoperatively. Intramuscular administration of cortisol in unimplanted rats inhibited CAH at 14 or 21 days following onset of treatment, and prevented the recovery of CAH in animals implanted 21 days previously with cortisol in the median eminence. The possibility is discussed that the differential recovery of the responses to unilateral adrenalectomy in implanted animals with continuing atrophy of the adrenal cortex is due to some adaptation of central nervous mechanisms subserving the CAH response.
»HYPOPARATHYROIDISM«, HYPEROSTOSIS, NORMOPHOSPHATAEMIA AND THYROCALCITONIN. A POSSIBLE CASE OF HYPERTHYROCALCITONINISM
Authors: Fischer Jan A. , Binswanger Ulrich , Frey-Wettstein Manuel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, diffuse hyperostosis, hypocalcaemia and normophosphataemia is reported. The normal renal response to an injection of parathyroid extract rules out a resistance of the kidney to the parathyroid hormone (PTH). A normal phosphate excretion and a decreased tubular phosphate reabsorption have not been observed in the absence of PTH. They are probably the result of a normal or increased PTH secretion.
A calcium infusion test produces a significantly smaller decrease in the phosphate excretion as compared to normal controls and this can be interpreted as a moderate inhibition of the PTH secretion in the presence of an excess of thyrocalcitonin (TCT). The main signs in our patient, i. e. the hyperostosis, the decreased area of bone resorption, the absence of osteoclasts, and the hypocalcaemia can be demonstrated in the rat treated with TCT. We conclude that our patient probably has an increased TCT secretion in the presence of a normal or increased PTH secretion.
The diffuse hyperostosis has been reported in a third of the patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. We are tempted to believe that a long standing increased secretion of TCT has a marked effect on calcium uptake in bone, in addition to its inhibitory effect on bone resorption. In contrast, PTH primarily increases bone resorption with only a small effect on bone formation.
STUDIES ON A THYROID STIMULATING FACTOR IN URINARY CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: Burger A. , Kunz R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid stimulating activity was demonstrated in human urinary chorionic gonadotrophin preparations (HCG) by the method of McKenzie (1958). The biological response of the material was similar to that of bovine pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH), but no neutralization of the activity occurred with antibodies against human pituitary TSH and, even more interesting, with antibodies against human urinary chorionic gonadotrophin preparations. The latter antibodies perfectly neutralized human pituitary TSH. The Gamma-G-globulins precipitated from a mixture of HCG and anti-HCG contained biological activity whereas no activity was recovered in the Gamma-G-globulin fraction when HCG was mixed with non immune rabbit serum. This may indicate the presence of a soluble antigen-antibody complex.
EFFECTS OF SERUM AND HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACTS IN INTACT AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RECIPIENTS OF THE PARLOW TEST
Authors: de Groot C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum from intact and from hypophysectomized adult male rats induces an ovarian ascorbic acid depletion in intact immature pseudopregnant recipients. When the recipients are in addition hypophysectomized, only the effect obtained with hypophysectomized donor serum is found, while normal serum is inactive. Similar results are seen when, instead of serum, hypothalamic tissue extracts are injected. Normal serum and hypothalamic tissue apparently act by way of the recipients' pituitary gland, and hence, by LH-RF. The effect produced by hypophysectomized donor material in hypophysectomized recipients is probably non-specific. In parallel experiments it was found that not all depleting activity is lost by heating adenohypophyseal extracts for 15 minutes in a boiling water-bath.
DAS VERHALTEN DER CORTICOSTEROIDE IM PLASMA WÄHREND DER INSULINHYPOGLYKÄMIE UND UNTER LYSIN-VASOPRESSIN ALS FUNKTIONSPRÜFUNG DES HYPOTHALAMUS-HYPOPHYSEN-NEBENNIERENRINDEN-SYSTEMS
Authors: Bethge H. , Irmscher K. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In eleven patients, two with no endocrine disorders and nine suffering from adrenocortical dysfunction, the plasma corticosteroids were estimated during insulin induced hypoglycaemia and lysin-vasopressin infusion. Both tests were combined and arranged in order to evaluate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The following findings were obtained:
In the two subjects with no endocrine disorders and in two of the three dwarf patients there was a distinct rise in plasma corticosteroids both during insulin induced hypoglycaemia and lysin-vasopressin infusion. This result was considered to indicate a normal adrenocorticotrophic function of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. In three patients, suffering apparently from disorders localized primarily in or above the hypothalamus, there was no increase in the plasma corticosteroids during insulin induced hypoglycaemia, indicating an impaired CRF-regulation. However, these patients responded adequately to lysin-vasopressin, showing a normal or primarily undisturbed adrenocorticotrophic activity of the pituitary gland. In three patients with primary pituitary disorders there was no increase in the plasma corticosteroids either during insulin induced hypoglycaemia or lysin-vasopressin infusion. While one patient with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia showed a marked rise in plasma corticosteroid concentration during lysin-vasopressin infusion, another patient suffering from Cushing's syndrome due to an adrenocortical adenoma failed to respond. This difference in behaviour provides a simple aid in the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.
The results confirm that this combined test provides a useful contribution in the diagnosis of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical disorders.
FURTHER EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR THE FORMATION OF THE ACID HYDROLYZABLE CONJUGATE OF ALDOSTERONE BY THE KIDNEY
Authors: Deck K. A. , Siegenthaler W. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparison of the plasma levels of the acid-hydrolyzable conjugate (AHC) of aldosterone in nephrectomized and control dogs as well as the conversion of radioactive aldosterone to radioactive AHC by isolated, perfused dog kidneys have confirmed earlier results which showed that AHC can be formed by the kidneys. After the injection of radioactive aldosterone, however, radioactivity was also found in the AHC fraction in plasma of nephrectomized dogs. A comparison of these values with the plasma levels of radioactive AHC in the controls indicates that in dog the kidneys convert about 5–10 times as much aldosterone to AHC as the rest of the body. Formation of AHC by the kidneys could account for the fact that in liver disease the urinary excretion of this metabolite remains at normal or above normal levels.
TRANSPORT OF ALDOSTERONE AND OF THE ACID LABILE CONJUGATE OF ALDOSTERONE BY TUBULAR CELLS OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Deck K. A. , Siegenthaler W. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Stop flow experiments on dogs receiving continuous infusions of radioactive aldosterone were carried out in order to determine the tubular sites of reabsorption of aldosterone and the tubular sites of secretion of its metabolites. Sodium, p-aminohippuric acid, creatinine, inulin, radioactive aldosterone, radioactive tetrahydroaldosterone and the acid-labile (hydrolyzable) conjugate of aldosterone were analyzed in the urine samples collected after the stop periods. The results of the experiments indicate that aldosterone is mainly reabsorbed at a distal tubular site, that the acid-labile conjugate is secreted mainly at a proximal tubular site, and that tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronide is neither secreted nor reabsorbed by tubular cells. Predominant distal reabsorption of aldosterone is suggested as being a possible reason for the predominant distal sodium-retaining effect of this hormone.
MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS IN TWO BROTHERS WITH DWARFISM, HYPOKALAEMIC ALKALOSIS AND NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Visser H. K. A. , Degenhart H. J. , Desmit E. , Cost W. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using isotope dilution methods the secretion rates of cortisol, aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone were determined in two brothers (76/12 and 108/12 years old) with dwarfism, chronic hypokalaemia alkalosis, tendency to hyponatraemia and normal blood pressure. Both patients showed a decreased response of the blood pressure to infused angiotensin.
The urinary excretion of cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone, 11-dehydrocorticosterone and their tetrahydrometabolites as well as of aldosterone was determined. In general, results were in agreement with those of the secretion rate studies.
The results suggest a relatively small mineralocorticoid excess (mainly corticosterone) to high plasma-renin concentrations. The differences in both the plasma-renin concentrations and the steroid secretory rates during low and high sodium intake indicate that the renin-angiotensin-mineralocorticoid system is still under regular control, although the normal regulatory process is severely disturbed.
The primary defect in these patients is probably not a relative insensitivity of the arterial walls to the pressor effect of angiotensin as suggested by Bartter et al. (1962), but rather a renal tubular defect in the re-absorption of sodium.
IN VITRO METABOLISM OF ANDROGENS IN WHOLE HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Blaquier Jorge , Forchielli Enrico , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, androstenedione, 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol, and 4-androstene-3β,17β-diol have been incubated with whole blood obtained from normal males and females and from subjects with idiopathic hirsutism. The results show that transformations and interconversions of androgens can take place in whole blood and of particular interest is the transformation of the less to the more biologically active androgens. The implications of these transformations and interconversions in the possible role of blood in the control of endocrine homoeostasis is discussed.
METABOLISM OF PREGNANEDIOL IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT AT MIDPREGNANCY
Authors: Cooke I. D. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of randomly labelled 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol-3H in the midterm foeto-placental unit has been investigated in two subjects. Only small amounts of radioactive material were found in the placentas. From this source 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one and 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol (pregnanediol) were isolated. Relatively large amounts of radioactive material were recovered from the foetal nervous system, but exclusively in the form of pregnanediol. In the other foetal tissues two unconjugated metabolites, 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one and 20β-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3-one were found in addition to large quantities of pregnanediol. Conjugation of pregnanediol took place mostly as a sulphate. In relation to the amount of unconjugated radioactivity, the highest proportion of conjugated material was found in the adrenals. From this source 20α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-3α-yl sulphate was isolated. Labelled 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol was also isolated from the urine of the mother.
17β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN TESTES
Authors: Schoen Edgar J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in testicular tissue from 7 men subjected to orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma was measured by the conversion rate of androstenedione to testosterone. Prior to orchiectomy, 3 of the patients were untreated: 3 had received stilboestrol. 5 mg daily for one month; 1 had received stilboestrol, 2 mg daily for one month. There was evidence that stilboestrol in a dosage of 5 mg daily for one month prior to orchiectomy led to suppression of testosterone formation from androstenedione. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated in small quantities of testicular homogenate, and thus offers an additional technique for assessing testicular androgenic function in man.
DIE TESTOSTERONAUSSCHEIDUNG BEIM CHROMATINPOSITIVEN KLINEFELTER SYNDROM IM KINDES- UND JUGENDALTER
Authors: Knorr D. , Mürset G. , Prader A. , Tolksdorf M. , Wiedemann H. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary testosterone excretion, using the method of Vermeulen & Verplancke (1963) was determined in 16 patients with typical Klinefeltersyndrome and in one patient with a chromosomal status of 44/XXYY
Values of the testosterone excretion during the prepuberal period are within the normal range, after onset of puberty they are in the lownormal range or below the normal range.
The testosterone values do not correlate with the size of testes.
EFFECT OF UREA ON THE INACTIVATION OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE BY THE INNER MEDULLA OF THE RAT KIDNEY IN VITRO
Authors: Thorn N. A. , Willumsen N. B. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Inactivation of antidiuretic hormone by slices and homogenate from rat kidney inner medulla was inhibited during a 2 hour exposure to urea in concentrations over 0.5 M. Guanidine and thiourea in equimolar concentrations had an inhibitory effect which was 2 and 1.6 times more marked, respectively, than that of urea. The possible implications of these findings for the function of the concentrating mechanism of the kidneys during different states of hydration are discussed.
IN VITRO STUDIES OF THE RELEASE MECHANISM FOR VASOPRESSIN IN RATS.
Authors: Bie P. , Thorn N. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolated pieces of rat hypothalamus containing the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, respectively, did not release vasopressin when incubated in a medium with a high potassium concentration, or in media containing acetylcholine, noradrenaline or sodium chloride in a hypertonic concentration. The average vasopressor activity that could be extracted from the supraoptic region was equivalent to 8 milli-units of vasopressin per 100 g rat, whereas extract of the paraventricular region contained little pressor activity.
The results seem to be in accordance with the hypothesis that the first precursor(s) of vasopressin is synthesized predominantly in the supraoptic nucleus and that the neurosecretory granules go through a »maturation« process during their passage from the hypothalamus to nerve endings in the neurohypophysis. Not until they reach the nerve endings do they contribute to the formation of the pool from which the hormone may be easily mobilized.
EFFECT OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE ON PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIC CONTENT OF THE CYCLIC HAMSTER
Authors: Keever James E. , Greenwald Gilbert S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ECP) and progesterone alter the normal pattern of LH synthesis and release in the mature female hamster. Both compounds also inhibit ovulation, but through different mechanisms. A dose of 50 μg ECP, injected s. c. on day 1 of the oestrous cycle, causes atresia of all vesicular follicles within 48 hours. This is related temporally to a decrease in pituitary LH content. On the other hand, 5 mg progesterone, administered at day 1, does not change the normal pattern of follicular development, but inhibits ovulation by preventing the ovulatory surge of LH on day 4.
The number of healthy antral follicles is halved between days 3 and 4 of the oestrous cycle in untreated controls and animals given 5 mg progesterone on day 1. This coincides with a decrease in pituitary FSH content of both groups. Animals administered 50 μg ECP on day 1 show no decrease in pituitary FSH between days 3 and 4.
Concurrent administration of 50 μg ECP and 5 mg progesterone on day 1 inhibits both synthesis and release of LH, as evidenced by a decreased pituitary content and atrophic ovaries.
The present study indicates that ECP causes atresia indirectly via a decrease in LH synthesis and release during the first two days of the oestrous cycle. Progesterone, however, does not alter the normal pattern of follicular development or pituitary LH content until day 4, at which time the release of LH is blocked.