bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate hormesis stimulates tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth and enhances tolerance against environmental abiotic stress by triggering nonphotochemical quenching
Authors: Wang Yuru , Cui Yidi , Li Jing , Xu Nuo , Shi Taozhong , Sun Yang , Zhang Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide in the world. Hormesis caused by low glyphosate doses has been widely documented in many plant species. However, the specific adaptative mechanism of plants responding to glyphosate hormesis stimulation remains unclear. This study focused on the biphasic relationship between glyphosate dose and tomato plant growth, and how glyphosate hormesis stimulates plant growth and enhances tolerance to environmental stress.ResultsWe constructed a hormesis model to describe the biphasic relationship with a maximal stimulation (MAX) of 162% above control by glyphosate at 0.063 g ha−1. Low‐dose glyphosate increased photosynthetic pigment contents and improve photosynthetic efficiency, leading to plant growth stimulation. We also found that glyphosate hormesis enhanced plant tolerance to diuron (DCMU; a representative photosynthesis inhibitor) by triggering the nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ) reaction to dissipate excess energy stress from photosystem II (PSII). Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that the photosynthesis–antenna proteins pathway was the most sensitive to glyphosate hormesis, and PsbS (encoding photosystem II subunit S), ZEP (encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase) and VDE (encoding violaxanthin de‐epoxidase) involved in NPQ played crucial roles in the plant response to glyphosate hormesis.ConclusionThese results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of plant hormesis and is meaningful to the application of glyphosate hormesis in agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
When do startups scale? Large‐scale evidence from job postings
Authors: Lee Saerom (Ronnie) , Kim J. Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryScaling at the right time is a crucial challenge for startups. Conceptualizing “scaling” as the entrepreneurial process of acquiring and committing resources to implement the core business idea and expand the customer base, this study examines how scaling early may decrease imitation risk at the expense of increasing commitment risk. As startups typically hire managers and sales personnel when they begin to scale, we propose that this timing can be empirically measured by when startups first post these jobs. Leveraging a dataset of job postings, we find that early scalers are more likely to fail, but no evidence of a countervailing benefit in terms of successful exit. Additional analyses suggest that the commitment risk in scaling early outweighs the benefit of reducing imitation risk.Managerial SummaryIn recent years, a few high‐growth startups (e.g., Facebook and Uber) that made their fortune by scaling early—an approach often referred to as “blitzscaling”—have received much interest among academics and practitioners. However, this study presents large‐sample evidence that scaling early is positively associated with a higher rate of firm failure, especially for platform companies. These findings imply that, despite its potential benefits of preventing imitation by competitors, scaling early can suppress startup performance by prematurely curtailing learning through experimentation and committing to a business idea that lacks product‐market fit. In sum, our work cautions startups against prioritizing scaling early before finding product‐market fit, and instead highlights the importance of spending sufficient time on experimentation before scaling.
Recent Progress in Modular Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrogen and High‐Value‐added Chemicals based on Solid Redox Mediator
Authors: Yu Xueping , Feng Biao , Yao Min , Peng Juan , Yang Shubin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectrochemical synthesis of H2 and high‐value‐added chemicals is an efficient and cost‐effective approach that can be powered using renewable electricity. Compared to a conventional electrochemical production system, the modular electrochemical production system (MEPS) based on a solid redox mediator (SRM) can separate the anodic and cathodic reactions in time and space. The MEPS can avoid the use of membranes and formation of useless products, as well as eliminate the mutual dependence of production rates at anode and cathode. The SRM can temporarily store or release electrons and ions to pair with cathodic and anodic reactions, respectively, in MEPS. Designing of SRMs with large charge capacity and good cyclability is of great significance for constructing a high‐performance MEPS. This work summarizes the design principles, recent advances in MEPS based on SRM, and application in redox flow cells. Moreover, structure design strategies as well as in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations for SRM is also proposed. It is expected to promote the vigorous development of MEPS based on SRM. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of MEPS based on SRM are discussed.
Dion‐Jacobson Type Lead‐Free Double Perovskite with Ultra‐Narrow Aromatic Interlayer Spacing for Highly Sensitive and Stable X‐ray Detection
Authors: Chen Guirong , Dai Hongliang , Zhu Zeng‐Kui , Wu Jianbo , Yu Panpan , Zeng Ying , Zheng Yingying , Xu Lijun , Luo Junhua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe low‐toxic and environmentally friendly 2D lead‐free perovskite has made significant progress in the exploration of “green” X‐ray detectors. However, the gap in detection performance between them and their lead‐based analogues remains a matter of concern that cannot be ignored. To reduce this gap, shortening the interlayer spacing to accelerate the migration and collection of X‐ray carriers is a promising strategy. Herein, a Dion‐Jacobson (DJ) lead‐free double perovskite (4‐AP)2AgBiBr8 (1, 4‐AP = 4‐amidinopyridine) with an ultra‐narrow interlayer spacing of 3.0 Å, is constructed by utilizing π‐conjugated aromatic spacers. Strikingly, the subsequent enhanced carrier transport and increased crystal density lead to X‐ray detectors based on bulk single crystals of 1 with a high sensitivity of 1117.3 µC Gy−1 cm−2, superior to the vast majority of similar double perovskites. In particular, the tight connection of the inorganic layers by the divalent cations enhances structural rigidity and stability, further endowing 1 detector with ultralow dark current drift (3.06 × 10−8 nA cm−1 s−1 V−1, 80 V), excellent multiple cycles switching X‐ray irradiation stability, as well as long‐term environmental stability (maintains over 94% photoresponse after 90 days). This work brings lead‐free double perovskites one step closer to realizing efficient practical green applications.
Lily Polysaccharide Nano‐Selenium Promotes A549 Cells Apoptosis through Cell Cycle Inhibition
Authors: Wei Hailian , Wang Yajun , Hua Cuiping , Zhang Yubao , Guo Zhihong , Qiu Yang , Li Wenmei , Xie Zhongkui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study uses Lilium davidii var. unicolor (Lanzhou lily) polysaccharides extracted from bulbs to prepare nano‐selenium (nano‐Se) polysaccharide (LPS). Here, the study explores the molecular structure characterization, inhibition effects, and mechanisms of action of prepared LPS on A549 lung cancer cells. The LPS structure is characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. Results show that selenized polysaccharides bonded through electrostatic adsorption, with an average LPS particle size of 243.75 nm and zeta potential of −38.3 mV, which can be stably preserved at 4 °C for more than 3 months. The in vitro antitumor activity experiment shows that the prepared LPS inhibited A549 cell proliferation while affecting cell migration. Cell cycle analysis shows that apoptosis is promoted by blocking the G1 phase, while during the late apoptosis stage cells accounted for 60%. RNA‐Seq data analysis shows that the main mechanisms of action on A549 cells are to inhibit DNA replication initiation genes, block the cell cycle, and regulate the expression of apoptosis‐related genes and proteins in promoting cell apoptosis.
Implementation of sonopartogram: multicenter feasibility study
Authors: Lee N. M. W. , Lau S. L. , Yeung Y. K. , Chiu C. P. H. , Liu F. , Lau Y. Y. , Fidalgo A. M. , Cuerva M. J. , Aquise A. , Nguyen‐Hoang L. , Gil M. M. , Poon L. C. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesWell‐established clinical practice for assessing progress in labor involves routine abdominal palpation and vaginal examination (VE). However, VE is subjective, poorly reproducible and painful for most women. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of systematically integrating transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound assessment of fetal position, parasagittal angle of progression (psAOP), head–perineum distance (HPD) and sonographic cervical dilatation (SCD) to monitor the progress of labor in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL). We also aimed to determine if ultrasound can reduce women's pain during such examinations.MethodsWomen were recruited as they presented for IOL in three maternity units. Ultrasound assessments were performed in 100 women between 37 + 0 and 41 + 6 weeks' gestation. A baseline combined transabdominal and transperineal scan was performed, including assessment of fetal biometry, umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery Doppler, amniotic fluid index, fetal spine and occiput positions, psAOP, HPD, SCD and cervical length. Intrapartum scans were performed instead of VE, unless there was a clinical indication to perform a VE, according to protocol. Participants were asked to indicate their level of pain by verbally giving a pain score between 0 and 10 (with 0 representing no pain) during assessment. Repeated measures data were analyzed using mixed‐effect models to identify significant factors that affected the relationship between psAOP, HPD, SCD and mode of delivery.ResultsA total of 100 women were included in the study. Of these, 20% delivered by Cesarean section, 65% vaginally and 15% by instrumental delivery. There were no adverse fetal or maternal outcomes. A total of 223 intrapartum ultrasound scans were performed in 87 participants (13 women delivered before intrapartum ultrasound was performed), with a median of two scans per participant (interquartile range (IQR), 1–3). Of these, 76 women underwent a total of 151 VEs with a median of one VE per participant (IQR, 0–2), with no significant difference between vaginal‐ or Cesarean‐delivery groups. After excluding those with epidural anesthesia during examination, the median pain score for intrapartum scans was 0 (IQR, 0–1) and for VE it was 3 (IQR, 0–6). Cesarean delivery was significantly associated with a slower rate of change in psAOP, HPD and SCD.ConclusionsComprehensive transabdominal and transperineal ultrasound assessment can be used to assess progress in labor and can reduce the level of pain experienced during examination. Ultrasound assessment may be able to replace some transabdominal and vaginal examinations during labor. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Computational high‐pressure chemistry: Ab initio simulations of atoms, molecules, and extended materials in the gigapascal regime
Authors: Zeller Felix , Hsieh Chieh‐Min , Dononelli Wilke , Neudecker Tim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe field of liquid‐phase and solid‐state high‐pressure chemistry has exploded since the advent of the diamond anvil cell, an experimental technique that allows the application of pressures up to several hundred gigapascals. To complement high‐pressure experiments, a large number of computational tools have been developed. These techniques enable the simulation of chemical systems, their sizes ranging from single atoms to infinitely large crystals, under high pressure, and the calculation of the resulting structural, electronic, and spectroscopic changes. At the most fundamental level, computational methods using carefully tailored wall potentials allow the analytical calculation of energies and electronic properties of compressed atoms. Molecules and molecular clusters can be compressed either via mechanochemical approaches or via more sophisticated computational protocols using implicit or explicit solvation approaches, typically in combination with density functional theory, thus allowing the simulation of pressure‐induced chemical reactions. Crystals and other periodic systems can be routinely simulated under pressure as well, both statically and dynamically, to predict the changes of crystallographic data under pressure and high‐pressure crystal structure transitions. In this review, the theoretical foundations of the available computational tools for simulating high‐pressure chemistry are introduced and example applications demonstrating the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Simulation Methods
LncRNA LUESCC promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by targeting the miR-6785-5p/NRSN2 axis
Authors: Xue Song-tao , Cao Shi-qiang , Ding Jian-cheng , Li Wen-juan , Hu Guo-sheng , Zheng Jian-cong , Lin Xiao , Chen Chun , Liu Wen , Zheng Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancies with high mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in human cancers, including ESCC. However, the detailed mechanisms of lncRNAs in the regulation of ESCC progression remain incompletely understood. LUESCC was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with gender, deep invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of ESCC patients. LUESCC was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of ESCC cells. Knockdown of LUESCC inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigation indicated that LUESCC functions as a ceRNA by sponging miR-6785-5p to enhance NRSN2 expression, which is critical for the malignant behaviors of ESCC. Furthermore, ASO targeting LUESCC substantially suppressed ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate that LUESCC may exerts its oncogenic role by sponging miR-6785-5p to promote NRSN2 expression in ESCC, providing a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
Guiding principles on the education and practice of theranostics
Authors: Pascual Thomas N. B. , Paez Diana , Iagaru Andrei , Gnanasegaran Gopi , Lee Sze Ting , Sathekge Mike , Buatti John M. , Giammarile Francesco , Al-Ibraheem Akram , Pardo Manuela Arevalo , Baum Richard P. , De Bari Berardino , Ben-Haim Simona , Blay Jean-Yves , Brink Anita , Estrada-Lobato Enrique , Fanti Stefano , Golubic Anja Tea , Hatazawa Jun , Israel Ora , Kiess Ana , Knoll Peter , Louw Lizette , Mariani Giuliano , Mirzaei Siroos , Orellana Pilar , Prior John O. , Urbain Jean-Luc , Vichare Shrikant , Vinjamuri Sobhan , Virgolini Irene , Scott Andrew M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The recent development and approval of new diagnostic imaging and therapy approaches in the field of theranostics have revolutionised nuclear medicine practice. To ensure the provision of these new imaging and therapy approaches in a safe and high-quality manner, training of nuclear medicine physicians and qualified specialists is paramount. This is required for trainees who are learning theranostics practice, and for ensuring minimum standards for knowledge and competency in existing practising specialists.

Methods
To address the need for a training curriculum in theranostics that would be utilised at a global level, a Consultancy Meeting was held at the IAEA in May 2023, with participation by experts in radiopharmaceutical therapy and theranostics including representatives of major international organisations relevant to theranostics practice.

Results
Through extensive discussions and review of existing curriculum and guidelines, a harmonised training program for theranostics was developed, which aims to ensure safe and high quality theranostics practice in all countries.

Conclusion
The guiding principles for theranostics training outlined in this paper have immediate relevance for the safe and effective practice of theranostics.
Effect of soil depth on the structure of bacterial composition in the active layer at five geologically distinct sites on James Ross and Vega Islands in Antarctica
Authors: Micenková Lenka , Sedláček Ivo , Hrbáček Filip , Švec Pavel , Nývlt Daniel , Pantůček Roman , Mašlaňová Ivana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrobial communities in the active layer play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of Antarctic pristine ecosystems. Here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to investigate bacterial communities in active layer of five different geological sites related to the compositional variation of the geological bedrock, including Neogene volcanic or Cretaceous rocks and or marine sediments areas of distinct elevation. Local variations in the thickness of the active layer (50–80 cm) were observed on the Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, and the southwest coast of Vega Island, Antarctica during sampling in 2019. High bacterial diversity was detected in all sampling sites. Significant site effects on bacterial composition with increased Chloroflexota and decreased Flavobacteriaceae were only observed between the highest elevation Johnson Mesa 2 plateau and coastal areas. The overall effect of the depth was reflected by the increased of e.g., Cyanobacteria, Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus in the upper surface and Chloroflexota, Acidobacteriota, Actinomycetota at depths below 30 cm. The huge number of unassigned bacteria indicated a potential source of new bacterial species and their ecological role in this extreme environment. For the first time, we showed that the effect of depth on bacterial composition was more significant than the effect of geological bedrock from these previously unexplored regions.
A Note on the Gyárfás–Sumner Conjecture
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Scott Alex , Seymour Paul 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Gyárfás–Sumner conjecture says that for every tree T and every integer $$t\ge 1$$

t
≥
1

, if G is a graph with no clique of size t and with sufficiently large chromatic number, then G contains an induced subgraph isomorphic to T. This remains open, but we prove that under the same hypotheses, G contains a subgraph H isomorphic to T that is “path-induced”; that is, for some distinguished vertex r, every path of H with one end r is an induced path of G.
Eine Ethik des Genusses in der Pflege älterer und hochaltriger Menschen
Authors: Arndt Megan , Teuchert Lisanne 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungGenuss spielt in ethischen Annäherungen an die Pflege bisher noch keine bedeutende Rolle. Dabei zeigen philosophische und theologische Ansätze wie die von Emmanuel Lévinas, Ina Praetorius und Corine Pelluchon die grundlegende Bedeutung von Leiblichkeit, Genährtwerden und Genuss auf. Ebenso werden Momente des sinnlichen Genusses im Pflegealltag sowohl von Pflegekräften als auch von Gepflegten als sinnstiftend erlebt. Momente des Genusses können sich sowohl während der Pflege selbst ereignen als auch in Momenten, die über pflegerische Tätigkeiten im engeren Sinne hinausgehen. Genuss steht dabei in Zusammenhang mit Wohlbefinden, Lebensqualität, Glück und Gesundheit. Auch wenn Genuss der Gesundheit zuträglich sein kann, liegt in Momenten des Genusses selbst ein Zweck, der sich der Funktionalisierung entzieht. Eine Ethik des Genusses, die theoretische Ansätze und die Erfahrungen aus dem Pflegealltag miteinander verbindet, kann die Wahrnehmung von Pflege und die theoretische wie empirische Erforschung von Pflege bereichern. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet hierzu eine ethische Einordnung des Themas und einen thesenartigen Aufschlag zu einer Ethik des Genusses in der Pflege.
User experience model and design strategies for virtual reality-based cultural heritage exhibition
Authors: Gong Qing , Zou Ning , Yang Wenjing , Zheng Qi , Chen Pengrui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA virtual reality (VR) based cultural heritage exhibition (VRCHE) is an important type of VR-based museum exhibition. The user experience (UX) design of VRCHE has encountered opportunities and due to the differences in human–computer interaction between VR-based and conventional interaction interfaces, so proposing the UX model of VRCHE is crucial. Although there are some existing works that study the UX models of VRCHEs, they are not complete enough to describe the UX of VRCHEs or offer any design strategies due to the methodologies and experimental materials that they currently use. This study creates experiments utilizing grounded theory that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Then, the study synthesizes three-level coding and quantitative analysis findings from grounded theory, builds a detailed model of the VRCHE UX using theoretical coding, and proposes design strategies.
A systematic review of wearable biosensor usage in immersive virtual reality experiences
Authors: Guillen-Sanz Henar , Checa David , Miguel-Alonso Ines , Bustillo Andres 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWearable biosensors are increasingly incorporated in immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) applications. A trend that is attributed to the availability of better quality, less costly, and easier-to-use devices. However, consensus is yet to emerge over the most optimal combinations. In this review, the aim is to clarify the best examples of biosensor usage in combination with iVR applications. The high number of papers in the review (560) were classified into the following seven fields of application: psychology, medicine, sports, education, ergonomics, military, and tourism and marketing. The use of each type of wearable biosensor and Head-Mounted Display was analyzed for each field of application. Then, the development of the iVR application is analyzed according to its goals, user interaction levels, and the possibility of adapting the iVR environment to biosensor feedback. Finally, the evaluation of the iVR experience was studied, considering such issues as sample size, the presence of a control group, and post-assessment routines. A working method through which the most common solutions, the best practices, and the most promising trends in biofeedback-based iVR applications were identified for each field of application. Besides, guidelines oriented towards good practice are proposed for the development of future iVR with biofeedback applications. The results of this review suggest that the use of biosensors within iVR environments need to be standardized in some fields of application, especially when considering the adaptation of the iVR experience to real-time biosignals to improve user performance.