bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraocular eye muscles in human fetuses with craniofacial malformations: Anatomical findings and clinical relevance
Authors: Plock J. , Contaldo C. , Von Lüdinghausen M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAnomalies of the extraocular muscles have been suspected to be present frequently in patients with craniofacial malformations. We studied the extraocular musculature in the orbits of 15 anencephalic human fetuses between the 5th and 10th months after gestation, and in one fetus with an occipital meningocele and a large defect of the left cranial base. The findings were compared to those in nine normal age‐matched fetuses. All malformed fetuses exhibited special features of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, either its absence, an anomaly of the muscle belly, or an anomalous insertion. In addition, deficient or aberrant muscle bellies of the oblique and rectus muscles were found. In anencephaly, the frontal bone is condensed, forming narrowed orbital cavities with hypotelorism. Frequent disturbance of extraocular muscle development in fetuses with craniofacial malformations is implicated. The presented specimens are examples of extreme variants of cranial and craniofacial malformation syndromes. Thus, similar findings of extraocular muscles might also be regularly found in clinically relevant craniofacial malformations. This would force new considerations about diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients with craniofacial malformations. Clin. Anat. 20:239–245, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermische Verfahren: Methoden und Kinetik der Keimreduktion und ‐inaktivierung in Lebensmitteln
Authors: Kulozik U. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrimäre Ursache für den Verderb von Lebensmitteln sind Mikroorganismen, die über Rohmaterialien oder über Kontaminationen im Verlauf des Herstellprozesses in das Produkt gelangen. Der Beitrag informiert über die Methoden zur Keiminaktivierung beim thermischen Behandeln von Lebensmitteln. Je nach Intensität der thermischen Behandlung werden die in einem Produkt enthaltenen Mikroorganismen vollständig oder teilweise abgetötet. Abnormale Inaktivierungskinetiken werden im Vergleich zum loglinearen Inaktivierungsverlauf beschrieben. Abschließend werden Verfahren zur Erfassung von Produktveränderungen im Zusammenhang mit dem gesamten Zeit‐Temperatur‐Profil dargestellt.
Chemische Verfahren zur Reinigung und Sterilisation von Aseptikanlagen
Authors: Wildbrett G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFachgerechte Reinigung und Sterilisation soll Aseptikanlagen nach jedem Gebrauch wieder in den erforderlichen hohen Hygienezustand versetzen. Der Beitrag geht auf die in Aseptikanlagen der Lebensmittelindustrie zu erwartenden Verschmutzungen sowie die Zusammensetzung und Wirkungsweise von Reinigungs‐ und Desinfektionsmitteln ein, die in Aseptikanlagen gebräuchlich sind. Ferner werden Verfahrensweisen, die dafür benötigten technischen Einrichtungen, Möglichkeiten der Erfolgskontrolle der Hygienemaßnahmen und die Regeneration von Reinigungslösungen nach ihrem Gebrauch vorgestellt.
UV‐Inaktivierung von Viren und Bakterien mit einem innovativen Wendelrohrreaktor im Labor‐ und Prozessmaßstab
Authors: Schmidt S. , Kauling J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn biotechnologischen und pharmazeutischen Prozessen ist die Vermeidung und Eliminierung viraler Kontaminationen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Der neuartige Wendelrohrreaktor UVivatec wurde für die Bestrahlung trüber flüssiger Medien mit UV konzipiert. Er inaktiviert sehr effektiv besonders kritische Viren, ohne dass hohe Produktverluste in Kauf genommen werden müssen. Die Methode ergänzt in idealer Weise bestehende und etablierte Verfahren.
Efficient Total Synthesis of (–)‐(3S,6R)‐3,6‐Dihydroxy‐10‐methylundecanoic Acid
Authors: Kumar Pandey Satyendra , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective synthesis of (–)‐(3S,6R)‐3,6‐dihydroxy‐10‐methylundecanoic acid (1) from epichlorohydrin is described. The key steps include Jacobsen’s HKR, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, regioselective opening of epoxide and cyclic sulfate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Decreasing incidence of cervical adenocarcinoma in Ontario: Is this related to improved endocervical Pap test sampling?
Authors: Howlett Roberta I. , Marrett Loraine D. , Innes Michael K. , Rosen Barry P. , McLachlin C. Meg 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn many developed countries, the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased. These reductions have been specific to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and have not included adenocarcinoma (AC). Incidence of AC has increased steadily over the last 20 years. The intent of this article is to examine trends in cervical adenocarcinoma incidence in Ontario over a 20‐year period in relation to screening practices. All cases of cervical cancer between 1981 and 2002 were extracted from the Ontario Cancer Registry (a population‐based, provincial‐wide database). Age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated overall, by broad age groups and by morphological type (SCC and AC). Time trends were assessed using JoinPoint methodology. In Ontario, opportunistic cervical cancer screening has been accompanied by significantly decreased rates of SCC since at least 1981. Conversely, the incidence of AC rose by 3.1% per year (95% CI: 1.6%, 4.6%) between 1981 and 1995, and subsequently declined by 4.0% per year (95% CI: −7.4%, −0.5%). From the mid‐ to late‐1990s, instructions were distributed to clinicians, reinforcing the importance of dual specimen collection (i.e., using both spatula and endocervical brush). At the same time, laboratories routinely provided physicians with kits that included both spatula and brush. The subsequent decline in AC incidence may be due, in part, to improved specimen collection. As well, the decline may be partly due to increased awareness of AC precursors among cytopathologists and clinicians, and/or improvements in laboratory training and quality assurance. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Degradation of porous poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) films based on water diffusion
Authors: Huang Ying‐Ying , Qi Min , Liu Hong‐Ze , Zhao Hong , Yang Da‐Zhi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPoly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) has been extensively used as a controlled release carrier for drug delivery due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. Effects of dense and porous film's degradation behavior have been systematically investigated up to 17 weeks in Hank's Simulated Body Fluid at 37°C. The degradation of the films was studied by measuring changes in weight, molecular weight and its distribution, morphology, composition etc.. A special thing was that the differences in water diffusion in dense and porous structure films caused the different degradation behavior. According to the characteristic changes of various properties of films, the degradation process is suggested to be roughly divided into four stages, tentatively named as water absorption stage, dramatic loss of molecular weight or micro‐pores formed stage, loss of weight or enlarged‐pores formed stage, pores diminished or pores collapse stage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Weak amicable T‐matrices and Plotkin arrays
Authors: Holzmann W. H. , Kharaghani H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe introduce the class of weak amicable T‐matrices and use it to construct a class of orthogonal designs,

for p = 1 and for p a prime power ≡ 3 (mod 4), and all odd q, q ≤ 21. This class includes new Plotkin arrays of order 24, 40, 56 and for the first time, of orders 8q, q ∈ {9,11,13,15,17,19,21}. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 44–52, 2008
On large sets of almost Hamilton cycle decompositions
Authors: Zhao Hongtao , Kang Qingde 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA large set of CS(v, k, λ), k‐cycle system of order v with index λ, is a partition of all k‐cycles of Kv into CS(v, k, λ)s, denoted by LCS(v, k, λ). A (v − 1)‐cycle is called almost Hamilton. The completion of the existence spectrum for LCS(v, v − 1, λ) only depends on one case: all v ≥ 4 for λ = 2. In this article, it is shown that there exists an LCS(v, v − 1,2) for any v ≡ 0,1 (mod 4) except v = 5, and for v = 6,7,10,11. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 53–69, 2008
Gene therapy. An ethical profile of a new medical territory
Authors: Fuchs Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom early on, the possibility of genetic intervention in humans has been the subject of philosophical and ethical reflection in the scientific community. It became the object of public debate and parliamentary decision‐making under the rule of law even before the first authorized trials on human subjects could start. This article explains why the debate on germ‐line intervention and genetic enhancement is still ongoing. The focus is on somatic gene therapy. There is a political and academic consensus that it represents an adequate tool for a high‐ranking end if some points are considered and taken into account. But where do we stand and what are the ethical conclusions we can draw from recent clinical experiences? Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum directed cuts in acyclic digraphs
Authors: Alon Noga , Bollobás Béla , Gyárfás András , Lehel Jenő , Scott Alex 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt is easily shown that every digraph with m edges has a directed cut of size at least m/4, and that 1/4 cannot be replaced by any larger constant. We investigate the size of the largest directed cut in acyclic digraphs, and prove a number of related results concerning cuts in digraphs and acyclic digraphs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 1–13, 2007
Kinetics of thermal gas‐phase decomposition of 2‐bromopropene using static system
Authors: Nisar Jan , Awan Iftikhar A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe gas phase elimination kinetics of 2‐bromopropene was studied over the temperature range of 571–654 K and pressure range of 12–46 Torr using the seasoned static reaction system. Propyne was the only olefinic product formed and accounted for >98% of the reaction. This product was formed by homogeneous, unimolecular pathways with high‐pressure first‐order rate constant k∞ given by the equation k∞ = 1013.47 ± 0.6 exp−208.2 ± 6.7 (kJ mol−1)/RT. The error limits are 95% certainty limits. The observed Arrhenius parameters are consistent with the four centered activated complex. The presence of methyl group on α‐carbon lowers the activation energy by 41 kJ mol−1. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 1–5, 2007
Carbon nanotube–polybithiophene photovoltaic devices with high open‐circuit voltage
Authors: Patyk Rodolfo L. , Lomba Bruno S. , Nogueira Ana Flávia , Furtado Clascídia A. , Santos Adelina Pinheiro , Mello Regina M. Q. , Micaroni Liliana , Hümmelgen Ivo A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report the preparation of photovoltaic devices using modified single wall carbon nanotubes, SWNTs. Devices are produced stacking on top of fluorine‐doped tin‐oxide, an electrochemically deposited polybithiophene layer, a layer of SWNT blended with poly(3‐octylthiophene) and an evaporated top metal contact, Ca/Al or Al. Ca/Al‐top‐electrode devices achieve open‐circuit voltages of 1.81 V and average power conversion efficiency of 1.48% at irradiance of 15.5 W m–2, spectrally distributed following AM1.5. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of ovenproof plastic films on the quality of spotted rose snapper (lutjanus guttatus) fillets during frozen storage
Authors: Dorado‐Rodelo José Angel , Ezquerra‐Brauer Josafat Marina , Soto‐Valdez Herlinda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) fillets packed in two polymer films, polyamide 6,6 (PA66) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), were stored at −20°C for a period of 120 days. Films were tested for melting temperature (PA66 253–257°C and PET 252–255°C), oxygen transmission rate [PA66 51.8 ± 12.9cm3/(m2·24h·atm) and PET 152.7 ± 0.2cm3/(m2·24h·atm)] and water vapor transmission rate [PA66 17.8 ± 1.7g/(m2·24h) and PET 6.5 ± 0.2g/(m2·24h)]. Sensory analyses (firmness, flavour and appearance) were performed at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage after baking the fillets in the same storage bags. For raw fillets, their water‐holding capacity (WHC), total aerobic counts (TAC), pH, trimethylamine (TMA) and shear‐force resistance were measured at the same periods. Sensory analyses after baking showed no differences between the fillets packaged in the two films. The WHC, TAC, pH and TMA values in both products were kept within accepted limits. The fillets packed in PET showed a significant increase in firmness (shear‐force resistance) during the first 60 days of storage and then a decrease at 90 days due to dehydration through the film seals. Over the same period, the fillets packed in PA66 showed no significant changes in firmness. In this study, it was demonstrated that it is possible to develop a ready‐to‐bake fish fillet product by using ovenproof films for packaging during storage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivation pathway of the hydrogenase H‐cluster: Density functional theory study
Authors: Motiu Stefan , Dogaru Daniela , Gogonea Valentin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis work puts forth a reaction pathway for the reactivation of exogenous ligand inhibited H‐cluster, the active site of Fe‐only hydrogenases. The H‐cluster is a dimetal complex, Fe–Fe, with the metal centers bridged by di(thiomethyl)amine. Exogenous ligands, H2O, and OH−, are bound to the distal iron (Fed). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the native and ruthenium‐modified H‐cluster have been performed using the B3LYP functional with 6‐31+G** and 6‐311+G** basis sets. We have ascertained that there is a thermodynamically favorable pathway for the reactivation of the OH− inhibited H‐cluster, which proceeds by an initial protonation of the Fed–OH− complex. The proposed reaction pathway has all its intermediate reactions ensue exothermically. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Growing One‐Dimensional Metallic Nanowires by Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Ranjan Nitesh , Vinzelberg Hartmut , Mertig Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report an electrical‐field‐controlled growth process for the directed bottom‐up assembly of one‐dimensional palladium nanowires between microfabricated electrodes. The wires, grown from an aqueous palladium salt solution by dielectrophoresis, have a thickness of only 5–10 nm and a length of up to several micrometers. The growth process depends largely on both the strength of the applied ac field and the concentration of the metal salt solution. The conditions for optimum growth are evaluated. Room‐temperature current–voltage measurements show ohmic behavior and indicate electromigration effects at higher voltages. Low‐temperature transport measurements reveal localization effects with a characteristic resistance minimum at 20 K. The temperature dependence below the minimum shows the wires to be one dimensional in their electron‐transport properties. The investigated growth method is capable of building complex circuit patterns for future nanoelectronics.
The signature of the planet Mercury in plants
Authors: Fyfe Agnes 
Published: October 2006

Summary1 Particular form-types may be distinguished in the sap pictures whatever thedegree of general configuration.2 The cup form is described fully.3 Methods used until now to evaluate the pictures have disregarded individualforms.4 A method of producing the cup form artificially was found by adding amercury salt solution to the gold reagent.5 The relation between the seven major metals and the planets led us toconsider whether the appearance of the cup form in pictures developed with the gold reagent only is connected with the position of the planet Mercury at the time when the plants are gathered.
Diffusion of [3H]Dexamethasone in Rat Subcutaneous Slices after Injection Measured by Digital Autoradiography
Authors: Moussy Yvonne , Dungel Paul , Hersh Lawrence 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA relatively simple method for the determination of the diffusion coefficient of a substance that has been injected into tissue is described. We illustrate this method using [3H]dexamethasone injected into the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Digital autoradiography was used to measure the distribution of the [3H]dexamethasone within the subcutaneous tissue at 2.5 and 20 min after injection. Measured concentration profiles of the injection were compared to a mathematical model of drug diffusion from an injection. There was good agreement between the experimental data and the mathematical model. The diffusion coefficient found using this simple injection method was (4.01 ± 2.01) × 10−10 m2/s. This D value was very close to the value of D = (4.11 ± 1.77) × 10−10 m2/s found previously using different mathematical and experimental techniques with osmotic pumps implanted for 6, 24, and 60 h in rats (1). The simple method given here for the determination of the diffusion coefficient is general enough to be applied to other substances and tissues as well.
A history of Japanese dermatology: Past, present and future
Authors: NISHIKAWA Takeji 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTOn the occasion of the 14th Korea–Japan joint meeting of dermatology, the founding of the Japanese Dermatological Association, its activities and relationship to neighboring societies were presented to let both Korean and Japanese participants know the current status of Japanese dermatology. It is felt that one central meeting in Asia will be necessary to make a strong impact on not only Asian but also Western colleagues. We should make more of an effort to get used to our common international language, English, so that we can communicate with other Asian colleagues more closely and in more depth in this era of increasing globalization.
The influence of reduced flow during a drought on patterns of variation in macroinvertebrate assemblages across a spatial hierarchy in two lowland rivers
Authors: LIND P. R. , ROBSON B. J. , MITCHELL B. D. 
Published: October 2006

Summary1. With the aim of determining whether patterns of variation in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition across the hierarchy of spatial units in two lowland rivers changed during a supra‐seasonal drought (1997–2000), patterns during a reduced flow season (1999–2000) were compared with those during two preceding higher flow seasons (1997–98 and 1998–99) using samples from the Glenelg and Wimmera Rivers, two lowland regulated rivers in western Victoria, Australia.2. We hypothesised that (i) differences between reaches would increase during the reduced flow season owing to decreased hydrological connectivity, (ii) differences between the habitats would decrease because the cessation of flow in run habitats should cause them to become more similar to pool habitats and (iii) differences between microhabitats would also decrease because of reduced scour of inorganic substrata and large woody debris.3. During each season, macroinvertebrates were sampled from three microhabitats (sand/silt substratum, large woody debris and macrophytes) that were hierarchically nested within a run or pool habitat and within one of three reaches within each river. A range of physico‐chemical variables was also sampled.4. Analysis of similarity showed that assemblage composition in both rivers during the higher flow seasons differed more among microhabitats than other spatial units. However, during the reduced flow season, assemblage composition in the Wimmera River differed most among reaches. This change in pattern was associated with the combined effects of decreased flow and longitudinal increases in salinity. In contrast, the fauna of the Glenelg River appeared to be resistant to the effects of the reduced flow season, owing to limited decline in water quality despite lower river discharge.5. As salinisation and poor water quality in the Wimmera River result from human activities in the catchment, these results support the idea that human impacts on rivers can change macroinvertebrate scaling patterns and exacerbate the effects of drought beyond the tolerance of many riverine macroinvertebrates.
Proteomic analyses of male contributions to honey bee sperm storage and mating
Authors: Collins A. M. , Caperna T. J. , Williams V. , Garrett W. M. , Evans J. D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHoney bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens mate early in life and store sperm for years. Male bees likely contribute significantly to sperm survival. Proteins were extracted from seminal vesicles and semen of mature drones, separated by electrophoresis, and analysed by peptide mass fingerprinting. Computer searches against three databases, general species, honey bees and fruit flies, were performed. Spectra were used to query the recently generated honey bee genome protein list as well as general species and fruit fly databases. Of the 69 unique honey bee proteins found, 66 are also in Drosophila melanogaster. Two proteins only matched honey bee genes and one is a widespread protein lost from the fly genome. There is over‐representation of genes implicated in the glycolysis pathway. Metabolism‐associated proteins were found primarily in the seminal vesicle. Male accessory gland proteins as identified in Drosophila rarely had orthologs among proteins found in the honey bee. A complete listing of gel spots chosen including honey bee genome matches and Mascot searches of MALDI‐TOF results with statistics is in the Supplementary table. MALDI‐TOF spectra and more complete Mascot peptide mass fingerprinting data are available on request. Supplementary figs 1–3 show the stained protein gels.
Antimicrobial Effects of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme, and the Lactoperoxidase System and Edible Whey Protein Films Incorporating the Lactoperoxidase System Against Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Min Seacheol , Harris Linda J. , Krochta John M. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT:Lactoferrin (LF), lysozyme (LZ), the lactoperoxidase system (LPOS), and edible whey protein isolate (WPI) films incorporating LPOS were studied for inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Antimicrobial effects of LF (5 to 40 mg/mL), LZ (1 to 20 mg/mL), and LPOS (0.5% to 5.0% [w/v] [0.03–.25 g/g, dry basis]) were examined by measuring turbidity of antimicrobial‐containing media after inoculation and by examining cell inhibition by WPI films incorporating LPOS (LPOS‐WPI films) on an agar recovery medium. Elastic modulus (EM), tensile strength (TS), percent elongation (%E), oxygen permeability (OP), and Hunter L, a and b of WPI films incorporating 0.03 to 0.25 g/g of LPOS were compared with those of plain WPI films without LPOS. The growth of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 (4 log colony‐forming units [CFU]/mL) in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was not prevented by LF at ≥20 and ≥40 mg/mL, respectively. S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 in TSB were not inhibited by LZ at ≥ 6 and ≥ 20 mg/mL, respectively. LPOS at concentrations of 2.75% (w/v) and 1.0% (w/v) reduced S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 to below the limit of detection (1 CFU/mL) in TSB, respectively. LPOS‐WPI films (0.15 g/g) completely inhibited S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 (4 log CFU/cm2), inoculated either onto agar before placing the film disc or onto top of the film disc. Incorporation of 0.25 g/g of LPOS decreased EM, TS, and %E. The oxygen barrier property of WPI films was improved with the incorporation of LPOS at 0.15 to 0.25 g/g.