bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Long‐Retention Cell Membrane‐Targeting AIEgen for Boosting Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Wang Xing , Yang Li , Li Yuanhang , Wang Xiaohan , Qi Zhengjian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDesigning and developing photosensitizers with cell membrane specificity is crucial for achieving effective multimodal therapy of tumors compared to other organelles. Here, we designed and screened a photosensitizer CM34 through donor/receptor regulation strategies, and it is able to achieve long‐retention cell membrane targeting. It is not only an extremely excellent cell membrane targeted tumor theranostic agent, but also found to be a promising potential immune activator. Specifically, CM34 with a larger intramolecular twist angle is more likely to form larger aggregates in aqueous solutions, and the introduction of cyanide group also enhances its interaction with cell membranes, which were key factors hindering molecular penetration of the cell membrane and prolonging its residence time on the cell membrane, providing conditions for further membrane targeted photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the efflux of contents caused by cell necrosis directly activates the immune response. In summary, this study realizes to clarify and refine all potential mechanisms of action through density functional theory calculations, photophysical property measurements, and cellular level mechanism exploration, providing a new direction for the clinical development of cell membrane targeted anti‐tumor immune activators.
PD‐1 inhibition with retifanlimab and/or arginase inhibition with INCB001158 in Japanese patients with solid tumors: A phase I study
Authors: Kuboki Yasutoshi , Koyama Takafumi , Matsubara Nobuaki , Naito Yoichi , Kondo Shunsuke , Harano Kenichi , Yonemori Kan , Yoh Kiyotaka , Gu Yuan , Mita Tetsuya , Chen Xuejun , Ueda Eiji , Yamamoto Noboru , Doi Toshihiko , Shimizu Toshio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRetifanlimab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed death protein‐1, and INCB001158 is an oral arginase inhibitor. This phase Ib study investigated retifanlimab, INCB001158, and their combination in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.MethodsPatients received retifanlimab (500 mg every 4 weeks [Q4W] i.v.) or escalating doses of INCB001158 (75 or 100 mg twice daily [BID]) monotherapy in Part 1 and combination of retifanlimab (500 mg Q4W) and INCB001158 (100 mg BID) in Part 2. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), and determination of recommended phase II doses in Japanese patients.ResultsEighteen patients (retifanlimab or INCB001158 monotherapy and combination; n = 6 each) were enrolled at 2 sites in Japan. There were no DLTs, fatal adverse events (AEs), or discontinuations due to AEs. Rash (all grade 1) was the most common treatment‐emergent AE with retifanlimab (n = 6). Treatment‐related AEs were reported with retifanlimab (n = 4) or INCB001158 (n = 2) monotherapy and with combination (n = 4); an immune‐related AE (thyroid disorder, grade 2) was reported with combination. Two responses were observed with retifanlimab monotherapy (1 complete, 1 partial) and 1 stable disease (SD), for an overall response rate of 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3–77.7) and disease control rate (DCR) of 50% (95% CI, 11.8–88.2). Three patients had SD with INCB001158 monotherapy (DCR 50%; 95% CI, 11.8–88.2). No responses or SD were observed with combination therapy.ConclusionRetifanlimab, INCB001158, and their combination had acceptable safety profiles. Promising retifanlimab antitumor activity warrants further investigation in Japanese patients.
Qualitative accounts from deliberate practice training for empathic communication among psychotherapy trainees
Authors: Nurse Karina , O'Shea Melissa , Sheen Jade 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmpathic communication is a key therapeutic skill in psychotherapy. However, questions regarding the most effective and suitable teaching methods to support development in this area remain. Preliminary evidence has supported deliberate practice (DP) as an emerging approach for enhancing therapeutic skills, such as empathic communication; however, little is understood about its acceptability from a trainee perspective.AimsEleven fourth‐year psychology undergraduate students were interviewed about their experience of receiving online group‐based DP training for empathic communication.Materials & MethodsReflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts.ResultsParticipants described observing improvements in their use of empathic communication, including attitudinal and behavioural changes and shifts in self‐awareness. Participants also described valuing self‐observation and the personalised, iterative nature of the DP model in supporting their learning. Nevertheless, DP was also experienced as challenging by some trainees, who reflected that it provoked initial feelings of uncertainty and anxiety.DiscussionThis study highlights that undergraduate students may benefit from group DP training that fosters psychological safety and seeks to mitigate potential challenges, can be customised to their individual skill level and is incorporated alongside other learning approaches.ConclusionFuture research is encouraged to build on these findings by examining the impact of DP on objective measures of empathic communication.
Understanding how doctoral researchers perceive research supervision to impact their mental health and well‐being
Authors: Hazell Cassie M. , Berry Clio , Haywood Daisy , Birkett Jo , Mackenzie Jay‐Marie , Niven Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundA number of risk and protective factors have been identified in association with the mental health of doctoral researchers (DRs). One consistent factor noted in the limited available literature is the role of the supervisor. This literature is largely quantitative though, meaning less is known about how DRs experience supervision and its impact on their mental health.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how DRs experience research supervision and its impact on their mental health and wellbeing using qualitative methods at scale.Materials and MethodsWe analysed the free‐text responses of 1783 UK‐based DRs collected as part of the nationwide U‐DOC survey.ResultsUsing reflexive thematic analysis, we found two superordinate themes capturing how DRs perceive research supervision and its impact on their mental health: (1) supervision as a conduit and (2) supervision as a mirror.DiscussionBroadly, these themes encapsulate how supervisors can directly trigger, exacerbate or protect against mental health problems in DRs, as well as supervision providing an opportunity for DRs to learn more about themselves and their mental health.ConclusionOur findings support the need for compulsory supervisor training on positive supervisory practices as well as understanding and responding compassionately to DRs with mental health difficulties.
Rhinovirus infection presenting with symptomatic hyponatremia—Atypical presentation of a common infection
Authors: Obaid Koutaibah , Basrak Mohamad Talal , Sawaf Bisher , Habib Hiba , Alkhatib Mohammed , Ashour Anas A. , Habib Mhd Baraa 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageRhinovirus infection has the potential to exhibit unconventional symptoms like symptomatic hyponatremia. Health care professionals should remain vigilant about this potential complication, especially in cases with uncommon presentations. Timely identification and effective management of hyponatremia can mitigate potential complications and enhance patient prognosis.AbstractThe syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a prominent contributor to low sodium levels. Various factors can contribute to hyponatremia, affecting the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Of note, some infections have been identified as potential causes of SIADH. Although rhinovirus infection has been linked to SIADH, it is usually associated with severe respiratory infections. Herein, we present a distinctive case where rhinovirus caused significant hyponatremia symptoms, even in the absence of typical respiratory symptoms or fever.
The manipulation of rectifying contact of Co and nitrogen‐doped carbon hierarchical superstructures toward high‐performance oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Li Jing , Lu Tingyu , Fang Yu , Zhou Guangyao , Zhang Mingyi , Pang Huan , Yang Jun , Tang Yawen , Xu Lin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRational design and construction of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts with high activity, good stability, and low price are essential for the practical applications of renewable energy conversion devices, such as metal‐air batteries. Electronic modification through constructing metal/semiconductor Schottky heterointerface represents a powerful strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance. Herein, we demonstrate a concept of Schottky electrocatalyst composed of uniform Co nanoparticles in situ anchored on the carbon nanotubes aligned on the carbon nanosheets (denoted as Co@N‐CNTs/NSs hereafter) toward ORR. Both experimental findings and theoretical simulation testify that the rectifying contact could impel the voluntary electron flow from Co to N‐CNTs/NSs and create an internal electric field, thereby boosting the electron transfer rate and improving the intrinsic activity. As a consequence, the Co@N‐CNTs/NSs deliver outstanding ORR activity, impressive long‐term durability, excellent methanol tolerance, and good performance as the air‐cathode in the Zn‐air batteries. The design concept of Schottky contact may provide the innovational inspirations for the synthesis of advanced catalysts in sustainable energy conversion fields.
A computational study on transition mechanism of dripping to jetting flow in a flow‐focusing geometry
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Jha Mahima , Kayal Sibnath , Pattader Partho S. G. , Mandal Tapas K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D simulations have been performed to investigate flow regimes in a flow‐focusing geometry by changing the dispersed phase and continuous phase velocities. The dispersed phase is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and the continuous phase is water. Simulations have been performed in a range of oil–water viscosity ratio from 3 to 50, and interfacial tension ranges from 0.0118 to 0.002 N/m. The walls of the microchannel are considered to be poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) surfaces. The contact angle (θ) of an oil droplet in the presence of water wetting the PMMA surface is 140°. Our study observed two types of flow regimes, namely dripping and jetting, by changing the dispersed phase and continuous phase velocities. The sequential time steps of void fraction contour have been presented to explore the droplet formation mechanism. The droplet pinch‐off time and jet growth time have been calculated for the dripping and jetting regime, respectively. The outcomes are summarized in the form of a flow pattern map at a viscosity ratio of 12 and interfacial tension of 0.0118 N/m, which shows the transition boundary between dripping and jetting phenomena. The simulated transition boundary agrees well with the analytical solution available in the literature. The effect of oil–water viscosity ratio and interfacial tension on droplet size is also investigated. These findings will help understand different flow regimes and their transition in a flow focusing geometry and will directly apply to microfluidic platform‐based devices.
Pore size regulation of ZIFs for adsorptive separation of branched chain and aromatic amino acids
Authors: Jiang Wen , Miao Shifeng , Yang Yujie , Long Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research endeavour aims to investigate the adsorptive separation of the branched chain (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA). Based on the different molecular sizes of BCAA and AAA, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with different pore structures were prepared by regulating the size of imidazole ligands. The structure and pore shape were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and BET surface area (BET). The results indicated the successful synthesis of ZIF‐[Co(mIm)2], ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2], and ZIF‐[Co(pIm)2] with pore size distribution of 7.821, 6.943, and 9.394 Å, and particle size of these ZIFs was approximately 4 μm. ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] was chosen as the optimal ZIFs for the separation of BCAA and AAA. The adsorption experiment was evaluated in the respective single and binary systems. The corresponding data in a single system demonstrated that ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] showed good adsorption performance for BCAA and poor for AAA. Furthermore, the adsorption behaviour under experimental conditions conformed well to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] had great separation ability for BCAA/AAA in their binary system. Finally, regeneration studies further manifested that ZIF‐[Co(eIm)2] exhibited fine reusability performance with adsorption efficiencies still higher than 70% after five cycles. This study exhibits a novel path for the design of adsorbents for efficient separation of BCAA/AAA.
Top advances of the year: Cervical cancer
Authors: Duska Linda R. , Podwika Sarah E. , Randall Leslie M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe year 2023 was an extraordinary year for the further development and expansion of novel treatments for all patients with cervical cancer, ranging from early stage to later stage and metastatic or recurrent disease. Individuals with early‐stage disease will benefit from less invasive surgery with subsequent improvement in quality of life. The effectiveness of immunotherapy has been demonstrated in upfront, locally advanced cervical cancer and confirmed in advanced metastatic disease. Induction chemotherapy will play a role in some patients with locally advanced disease, particularly those in low resource areas of the world. Novel therapeutics including antibody–drug conjugates have shown efficacy even in pretreated patients. As we continue to explore innovative therapeutics in this space, however, we must also continue to improve the diversity of clinical trial accrual to allow for generalizable results. At the same time, we must focus on eradicating this disease with appropriate screening and vaccination.
Investigating the Potential Use of Ni‐Mn‐Co (NMC) Battery Materials as Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Kaur Arshdeep , Alarco Jose , Mullane Anthony P. O' 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe imminent generation of significant amounts of Li ion battery waste is of concern due to potential detrimental environmental impacts. However, this also poses an opportunity to recycle valuable battery materials for later use. One underexplored area is using commonly employed cathode materials such as nickel, manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide as an electrocatalyst for water splitting reactions. In this work we explore the possibility of using NMC materials of different metallic ratios (NMC 622 and 811) as oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution catalysts under alkaline conditions. We show that both materials are excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts but perform poorly for the hydrogen evolution reaction. NMC 622 demonstrates the better OER activity with an overpotential of only 280 mV to pass 100 mA cm−2 and a low tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1. The material can also pass high current densities of 150 mA cm−2 for 24 h while also being tolerant to extensive potential cycling indicating suitability for direct integration with renewable energy inputs. This work demonstrates that NMC cathode materials if recovered from Li ion batteries are suitable OER electrocatalysts.
Voltage‐Gated Ion Channels: Structure, Pharmacology and Photopharmacology
Authors: Palmisano Vito F. , Anguita‐Ortiz Nuria , Faraji Shirin , Nogueira Juan J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVoltage‐gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in excitable cells. Over the last decade, advancements have enabled the elucidation of crystal structures of ion channels. This progress in structural understanding, particularly in identifying the binding sites of local anesthetics, opens avenues for the design of novel compounds capable of modulating ion conduction. However, many traditional drugs lack selectivity and come with adverse side effects. The emergence of photopharmacology has provided an orthogonal way of controlling the activity of compounds, enabling the regulation of ion conduction with light. In this review, we explore the central pore region of voltage‐gated sodium and potassium channels, providing insights from both structural and pharmacological perspectives. We discuss the different binding modes of synthetic compounds that can physically occlude the pore and, therefore, block ion conduction. Moreover, we examine recent advances in the photopharmacology of voltage‐gated ion channels, introducing molecular approaches aimed at controlling their activity by using photosensitive drugs.
Context‐related mechanisms of policy sustainability: Governance reform of the protected areas in Lombardy
Authors: Melloni Erica , Cuomo Federico , Vecchi Giancarlo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe management of protected areas has been recognised as a particularly complex policy field, with many interacting actors and frequent conflicts. How policies survive potential or actual conflict is a matter of policy sustainability; policy manipulation can modify the roles and perceptions of policy actors to achieve outcomes closer to the desired ones—at least, desired by the enacting coalitions. The article investigates the governance reform of protected areas in Lombardy, Italy, focusing on the dynamics of policy sustainability amidst conflict and opposition. It examines how the Lombardy Region's 2016 reform aimed to consolidate the management of protected areas under the umbrella of regional park authorities. Despite the reform's ultimate goals appeared unquestioned, it encountered significant resistance from local administrations. The analysis focused on the context features (pre‐existence of local cooperation agreements, and salience of the protected area), and mechanisms (reputation, and loss aversion) in place at local level. Their combination appears able to explain the varied outcomes of the reform, ranging from failure to partial success.
Haemodynamic implications of VA‐ECMO vs. VA‐ECMO plus Impella CP for cardiogenic shock in a large animal model
Authors: Frederiksen Peter H. , Linde Louise , Gregers Emilie , Udesen Nanna L.J. , Helgestad Ole K. , Banke Ann , Dahl Jordi S. , Jensen Lisette O. , Lassen Jens F. , Povlsen Amalie L. , Larsen Jeppe P. , Schmidt Henrik , Ravn Hanne B. , Møller Jacob E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsVeno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) with profound left ventricular (LV) failure is associated with inadequate LV emptying. To unload the LV, VA‐ECMO can be combined with Impella CP (ECMELLA). We hypothesized that ECMELLA improves cardiac energetics compared with VA‐ECMO in a porcine model of cardiogenic shock (CS).Methods and resultsLand‐race pigs (weight 70 kg) were instrumented, including a LV conductance catheter and a carotid artery Doppler flow probe. CS was induced with embolization in the left main coronary artery. CS was defined as reduction of ≥50% in cardiac output or mixed oxygen saturation (SvO2) or a SvO2 < 30%. At CS VA‐ECMO was initiated and embolization was continued until arterial pulse pressure was <10 mmHg. At this point, Impella CP was placed in the ECMELLA arm. Support was maintained for 4 h. CS was induced in 15 pigs (VA‐ECMO n = 7, ECMELLA n = 8). At time of CS MAP was <45 mmHg in both groups, with no difference at 4 h (VA‐ECMO 64 mmHg ± 11 vs. ECMELLA 55 mmHg ± 21, P = 0.08). Carotid blood flow and arterial lactate increased from CS and was similar in VA‐ECMO and ECMELLA [239 mL/min ± 97 vs. 213 mL/min ± 133 (P = 0.6) and 5.2 ± 3.3 vs. 4.2 ± 2.9 mmol/ (P = 0.5)]. Pressure‐volume area (PVA) was significantly higher with VA‐ECMO compared with ECMELLA (9567 ± 1733 vs. 6921 ± 5036 mmHg × mL/min × 10−3, P = 0.014). Total diureses was found to be lower in VA‐ECMO compared with ECMELLA [248 mL (179–930) vs. 506 mL (418–2190); P = 0.005].ConclusionsIn a porcine model of CS, we found lower PVA, with the ECMELLA configuration compared with VA‐ECMO, indicating better cardiac energetics without compromising systemic perfusion.
Iron Photocatalysis Applied to Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes with NaCl
Authors: Dellisanti Andrea , Pisano Luisa , Carraro Massimo , Porcheddu Andrea , De Luca Lidia , Gaspa Silvia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA synthesis of amides from aldehydes promoted by the photoactive complex of Fe2SO4 with 2‐picolinic acid, NaCl as a chlorine source, and Na2S2O8 as a benign oxidant is reported. The reaction is mediated by visible light and is carried out at room temperature in the absence of additives. Fe2SO4 is a readily available earth‐abundant metal (EAMs) salt, which does not need to be prepared and is environmentally sustainable. Both aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and mono‐ and disubstituted amines have been investigated for this transformation. This study opens intriguing perspectives for extending the application of photoactive complex iron salts toward halogenation processes as well as for C−H activation reactions and contributes to the field of earth‐abundant metal based catalysis.
Suppressing the damage of deposited Mn(II) ions to graphite anode in lithium‐ion batteries by electrolyte additive agent and positive material coating
Authors: Zeng Yingying , Chen Haihui , Xiao Changren , Yi Xiuguang , Liao Wenming , Liu Limin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSEM and EDS techniques are carried out to demonstrate the variation of morphology and chemical compound on the surface of graphite anode, which suggest a well‐accepted concept that the manganese ions have serious influence on the reversible capacity fade of graphite anode in lithium ion batteries. Based the main chemical compounds of the inorganic layer on the graphite surface, the evolution steps of graphite structure damaged by Mn ions are derived. Although the amount of deposited manganese ions is small, these play an important role in the catalytic decomposition of the electrolyte. Moreover, Raman analysis shows that the structure of the graphite anode becomes irregular at initial SEI formation cycles and tends to be stable at subsequent cycles. This structure variation is probably generated from the manganese ion deposition and the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film formation. According to the capacity tests, the cycling performance of NCM811/graphite lithium‐ion batteries could be improved 50% by FEC additive and B2O3 surface coating. FEC additive maybe benefit graphite forming a stable SEI film in the early stages of cycling to suppress the damage of Mn2+ ions, then improving the cycling performance.