bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assay for the detection of cytomegalovirus‐IgM: Comparison between eight commercial kits, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting
Authors: Lazzarotto T. , Casa B. Dalla , Campisi B. , Landini M. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEight commercially available enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA) for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific IgM were used in parallel to determine the presence of CMB‐IgM in 123 serum samples from pregnant women. The results obtained with the eight kits were compared. Based on concordance of six or more of the eight kits, we assessed sensitivity, specificity, and overall agreement, as well as incidence of false‐positive and ‐negative results for each kit. The results obtained by ELISA were then compared with those obtained by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoblotting (IB).Our study did not single out one outstanding ELISA kit among the eight evaluated, nor did it suggest that IF or IB are better than ELISA. Furthermore our results indicate that IB might be useful in several cases as, beside its good sensitivity, most IB‐false‐positive sera are easily recognized as reacting exclusively with pp 150, the unique reactivity to pp 150 not being among the IB profiles of IB‐true‐positive sera. Nevertheless 14.6% of sera remained CMV‐IgM‐indeterminate. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
User‐defined serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid for the Beckman synchron CX 4/5 using Ames Sera‐Pak reagents
Authors: Lolekha Porntip H. , Nitipaichit Pornpen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBeckman aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid liquid Reagents for Synchron CX 4/5 (48, 48, 25, 60, 26, and 30 cents US/test, respectively) are expensive. We have established our own methods for serum AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid (6, 6, 5, 12, 13, and 6 cents US/test, respectively) using Ames Sera‐Pak reagents.Linearity of our AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid methods were either similar to or higher than the Beckman mehtods. The within run and day‐to‐day run precisions were acceptable. Recovery of our AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid wee excellent. Our results for AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid correlated well with the Beckman results. Bilirubin (340.8 μmol/L) did not significantly interfere on our AST, ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea, while its concentrations of 165.8 μmol/L started giving negative interference on uric acid. Turbidity (2+) did not interfere significantly on our AST and ALT but started giving positive interference on cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid. Hemolysis (2+) gave positive interference on our cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and uric acid. Stability of Ames Sera‐Pak working reagents was at least 30 days for AST, ALT, urea, and uric acid and 40 days for cholesterol and triglycerides. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid screening method for polymorphism of group A apolipoproteins
Authors: Harake Bouchra , Caines Patrick S. M. , Thibert Roger J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolymorphism of apolipoproteins Al and All (ap Al and apo All) can be easily investigated in plasma by a simple method involving a 30‐min incubation of EDTA plasma in the presence of urea, dithiothreitol, and Nonidet P‐40 followed by subsequent isoelectric focusing (IEF). The sample (2 μL) was applied to an ultrathin flat acrylamide gel of pH range 4–6, and focused using a Bio‐Rad Mini IEF Cell for 1.5 h at a maximum of 500 V. Coomassie Blue R‐250 was used to visualize the apolipoproteins. To verify the identity of the different apolipoproteins aftr IEF, the gel was immunofixed directly with anti‐apo Al, or immunoblotted on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane using monospecific antibodies to apo Al and ap All and an antiimmunoglobulin‐alkaline phosphatase conjugate. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) was used as a standard for Apo Al variants. Employing these techniques, human plasma apo Al was resolved into one major band (apo Al0 pl 5.54), and four minor bands identified as apo Al+2 (pl 5.75), apo Al+1 (pl 5.66), apo Al−1 (pl 5.45), and apo Al−2 (pl 5.34). Apo All was resolved into one major isoprotein designated as apo All+1 and apo All−1 which focused at pls of 5.18 and 4.58, respectively.The results showed that these methods can be used to identify apo Al and All isoforms without prior ultracentrifugation to isolate the HDL. The entire procedure, including IEF, Fixation (chemical or immunofixaiton). and staining, can be accomplished in 5 h compared to 2 days using previously reported technique. The identification and characterization of human apolipoprotein Al and All isoforms is important in clinical practice, e.g., diagnosis of tangier disease, and may be useful in studying structure‐function relationships of these apoproteins. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum magnesium, copper, and zinc concentrations in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tan I. K. , Chua K. S. , Toh A. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was carried out to assess the serum levels of magnesium, copper, and zinc after an acute episode of myocardial infarction. Determination of the metal concentrations were carried out on 41 patients with myocardial infarction and 41 healthy controls matched for age and sex. A slight decrease in the mean level of magnesium (P<.05) was observed in patients (2.0 mg/dl) compared with the controls (2.1 mg/dl). The mean serum copper concentratin was significantly higher (P<.001) in patients (138 μg/dl) than in controls (98 μg/dl), while the mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lower (P<.001) in patients (75 μg/dl) than in controls (100 μg/dl). The differences in serum copper and zinc levels between patients and controls were magnified considerably when the copper/zinc ratios were calculated for both groups (P<.001). The mean copper/zinc value obtained for patients (1.91) wa almost double that for the controls (1.02). © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay for neural thread protein in cerebrospinal fluid from alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Chong Jonathan K. , Cantrell Lois , Husain Mazhar , Riesing Sue , Miller Barney E. , Wands Jack , de la Monte Suzanne , Ghanbari Hossein A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) with the IMx ® analyzer for the detection of neural thread protein (NTP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients was developed. This assay uses monoclonal antibodies produced against the purified pancreatic from of the protein. The assay employs one monoclonal antibody covalently coupled to the microparticle to capture immunoreactive material in CSF or brain tissue. The second monoclonal antibody was conjugated to alkaline phosphatase and serves as detection antibody. The assay provides results in approximately 45 minutes with a sensitivity of 60 pg/ml (3 fmoles/ml). The titration curve of both normal and AD CSF resulted in a linear relationship with respect to the volume of CSF used. A similar relationship was observed when normal and AD brain tissue extracts were serially diluted. The molecular weight of NTP in CSF was approximately 20 kD as determined by gel filtration method under non‐denaturing conditions. The recovery for pancreatic threat protein (PTP) spiked in either normal or AD CSF was 104% and 108%, respectively. Intra‐, inter‐, and total assay CVs (coefficient of variation) for controls were less than 2.9%, 3.3% and 3.0%, respectively. This assay will provide a useful tool in the study of the Alzheimer's disease and may help research in diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A flexible, efficient, checkerboard immunoblot system for the detection and semiquantitation of specific antinuclear antibodies
Authors: Ritchie Robert F. , Collins Marilyn , Ledue Thomas B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper an uncomplicated method for the simultaneous detection and semiquantitation of 11 of the 12 commonly studied antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in a single run is described. This new application of checker‐board immunoblotting (CBIB) is based upon available technology and employs purified antigens which can be either purchased or produced in‐house. CBIB requires no electronic instrument, can be formatted to meet the needs of the user, is rapidly performed, and has acceptable labor and materials costs. Data on the use of the method to examine available reference antisera is presented. CBIB has also proven practical forthe clinical study of 18 sera, at two dilutions per membrane, for each set of specific antinuclear antibodies, also at two or more dilutions. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunoelectron microscopic localizaiton of antigens which react with islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies within human pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Takino Hirofumi , Yoshimura Toshiro , Kawasaki Eiji , Chikuba Nobuhiro , Yokota Atsushi , Akazawa Shoich , Tsujihata Mitsuhiro , Nakane Paul K. , Nagataki Shigenobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of circulating autoantibody to islet cell cytoplasm is considered to be an important mrker of Type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus. In the present study using islet cell cytoplasmic antibody positive patient sera as the first antibody, we studied the intracellulr distribution of its antigen at the electron microscopic level using the pre‐embedding immunoperoxidase method. Specific immunoreactivity was found in the membranes of beta cell‐secretory granules and cytoplasmic membranes. This result is compatible with the interpretation that the antigen(s) on the membranes of beta cell secretory granules is (are) the target of islet cell cytoplasmic antibody. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of marine toxin(s) in Myripristis sp. by immunological, mouse toxicity, and guinea pig assays
Authors: Ganal Cheryle A. , Asahina Audrey Y. , Hokama Y. , Miyahara James T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMyripristis sp. (squirrelfish) has been assessed for toxicity by 1) the stick‐enzyme immunoassay (S‐EIA); 2) mouse toxicity bioassay; and 3) guinea pig atrial assay. Analysis of Myripristis flesh with MAb‐CTX and MAb‐OA showed that with every fish examined, the reaction with MAb‐OA was considerably higher. The mean S‐EIA value for MAB‐OA was 2.9 ± 0.8 while the mean for MAb‐CTX was 1.7 ± 0.5. The data strongly suggests that Myripristis sp. appear to contain okadaic acid‐like toxins and/or mixed with CTX. Five fractions of the flesh extracts were obtained by silica gel chromatography. These included 100% CHC13, 10% MeOH/CHC13, 50% MeOH‐CHC13, 100% MeOH, and 80% MeOH/H2O. The 100% CHC13 eluate proved to be the most toxic (mouse killed in 32 minutes) and the 10% MeOH‐CHC13 fraction killed in approximately 48 hours. The remaining fractions showed a significantly lower toxicity level in mice. In the guinea pig atria examinations, extracts of Myripristis flesh, gut, and crustacea (from the gut) were studied. Extracts of the gut and crustacea showed strong sodium channel blockage, while the flesh extracts showed a weak inotropic effect, characteristic of okadaic acid. The latter response was only blocked by verapamil, but not with tetrodotoxin (10−5M) or the adrenergic blockers (10−5M). The data from this study suggest toxic compound(s) not previously reported, in the non‐polar fraction of Myripristis flesh having a sodium channel blockage effect. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow karyotype analysis and sorting of the Chinese hamster chromosomes: Comparing the effects of the isolation buffers
Authors: Kuriki Hideki , Sonta Shin‐ich , Murata Kenjiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of different swelling solutions on the univariate flow karyotype of whole chinese hamster embryo cells (WCHE K10) and cloned chinese hamster embryo fibroblast cells (CCHE 40) were compared using four methods of chromosome isolation. Chromosomes of each cell line were prepared by the Aten, Polyamine‐Digitonin, Tris‐Triton, and HEPES methods and analyzed with a FACStar flow cytometer. Polyamine‐Digitonin and Aten methods produced the most satisfactory flow karyotype. Structurally aberrant chromosomes in the cell lines were detected in the flow karyotype as extra peaks. CCHE 40 chromosomes 1,2,X and 3q were sorted into separate tubes and reanalyzed; and the coefficient of variation of each chromosome peak was near 5%. To apply the flow karyotype analysis to clinical cytogenetics, chromosome preparation was one of the most important factor, and it is necessary to sort the chromosome peak sharply. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quick assay of serum HBs antibody levels using latex agglutination‐integrating sphere turbidimetric assay (ISTA)
Authors: Yamashiki Masayoshi , Kosaka Yoshitane , Nishimura Akira , Kondo Isao , Tomita Akihito , Kishioka Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method for determining serum HBs antibody applying the principle of integrating sphere turbidimetric assay (ISTA) by latex agglutination was developed. The minimum detectable level of HBs antibody by this method is 12.5 IU/L, indicating that this method is 3 times or more sensitive with better reproducibility and specificity than the passive hemagglutination (PHA) method. With a cut‐off level of 25 IU/L, the possible highest simultaneous reading by this method was 1,000 IU/L Serum HBs antibody can be readily measured in 10 or so minutes by this method if a fully automated EL‐1000 analyzer is used. This rapid and simple method for determining serum HBs antibody will be useful not only clinically, but also in preventive medicine. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of hepatitis C virus infection with recombinant immunoblot assay, synthetic immunoblot assay, and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Chaudhary R. K. , Andonov A. , Maclean C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe newly developed immunoblot assay, RIBA SIA (recombinant and synthetic polypeptide immunoblot assay), Chiron, Calif., was compared with the commercially available second generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐2) for the detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV). The two immunoblot tests were also compared with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HCV RNA.Ninety‐one percent of samples reactive by RIBA‐2 were positive for anti‐HCV by RIBA SIA. A total of 31% of RIBA‐2 indeterminate samples became reactive by RIBA SIA, 24% became non‐reactive, and 45% remained the same.Samples reactive by RIBA‐2 or SIA from different risk groups, were mostly positive (67‐100%) by PCR for HCV RNA. All indeterminate samples from hemophiliacs and intravenous drug users were PCR positive. RIBA SIA is more sensitive and specific than RIBA‐2 and correlates well with PCR results © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved measurement of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases by sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay)
Authors: Yogi Yoshikuni , Hirota Kouichi , Hashida Seiichi , Toshimori Hirotaka , Matukura Shigeru , Setoguchi Toshiaki , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPreviously, antithyroglobulin IgG was assayed in dialyzed urine from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay), and most of the assay results were useful as a diagnostic aid for autoimmune thyroid diseases. However, dialysis of urine was laborious and time‐consuming, and some results were less reliable due to low levels of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in urine. This paper describes some improvements of the assay. Useful assay results could be obtained for most of urine samples without dialysis, although some interfering substance(s) was suggested to be present in some urine samples before dialysis. Accurate assay results with no interference could be obtained after gel filtration by only two min centrifugation in place of dialysis. More reliable assay results for urine samples containing low levels of antithyroglobulin IgG were obtained after concentration using a molecular sieve. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of vero cell lysate antigen for the ELISA of flaviviruses
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Z. , Shope Robert E. , Malik Sohail 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe vero cell lysate antigen for the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of flaviviruses was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity including cross‐reactions, and background by comparing with the standard ELISA. Human sera, in serial dilutions, were taken from subjects 14, 35, and 210 days postvaccination with 17D antigen. Early after injection, high sensitivity (82.9%) was shown by the cell lysate antigen method. Late after infection, high sensitivity was achieved by the standard method (96.2% and 94%), with significant difference (P = 0.0001). However, sensitivity achieved by the cell lysate antigen method was also acceptable (91.7% & 88.9%). The cell lysate antigen method showed high specificity and low cross reactivity early after infection. At 35 days postvaccination, no difference in specificity was observed between the two methods, but higher cross‐reactions were observed for the standard method. This pattern continued at 210 days postvaccination, with significantly higher cross‐reactions with the standard ELISA. The optical density differences by the two methods did not show significant relationship with the serial dilutions of human sera. No difference was observed in early and late infections in the background values of the negative control (Western equine encephalitis) between the two methods. The ELISA by the cell lysate antigen, within the limits of the experiments done, was found to be a good replacement for the ELISA by the standard method. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of antimicrobial agents in cerebrospinal fluid using the abbott TDx analyzer
Authors: Jandreski Mark A. , Garbincius Jean 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOccasionally, requests are made by our physicians for the measurement of gentamicin, tobramycin, or vancomycin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens during the course of treating patients for bacterial meningitis. We evaluated CSF as a specimen type for the measurement of amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and vancomycin on the Abbott TDx analyzer. Coefficients of variation for CSF spiked with these antimicrobial agents ranged from 0.8% to 6.5% for intra‐assay values and from 2.1% to 2.3% for inter‐assay values. Serum and CSF specimens were spiked at various levels with equal amounts of the antibiotics. Correlation coefficients for serum vs. CSF for these agents were 0.999. Recoveries ranged from 86% to 134%. Sensitivity for these assays is about fourfold better for CSF than for serum. CSF appears to be an acceptable specimen type for the measurement of these antibiotics using the Abbott TDx analyzer. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated levels of soluble CD54 (ICAM‐1) in human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Reddy Mohan M. , Grieco Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSoluble CD54 levels in sera were quantitated in asymptomatic intravenous drug users, homosexuals, and patients with lymphadenopathy, AIDS‐related complex, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Soluble CD54 levels were elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐seronegative asymptomatic intravenous drug users, reflecting infections like cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and hepatitis B virus. The sera of human immunodeficiency virus‐seropositive groups of patients also had elevated levels of soluble CD54, reflecting infections like cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen employing monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Toplikar Emilena , Carlomagno Amadeo , Rojkin L. Federico , Gariglio Rosana , Lorenzo Luis E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of monoclonal antibodies in the development of a third generation microtitration plate enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is described. These antibodies were tested either alone or in combination with polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit. Horseradish peroxidase was employed in the conjugates and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine was used as the enzyme substrate. Effect of type and concentration of antibodies used in the coating solution and in preparing conjugates as well as reaction time are discussed. The designed test employs a 100‐μl sample, with an overall incubation time of 3.5 hr. Serum or plasma (EDTA or citrate as anticoagulant) can be used. The sensitivity limit of the test was 0.4 ng/ml for subtype ad and 0.5 ng/ml for subtype ay. When used as screening test, 99.6% specificity was obtained; predictive value was 97.5% for a positive result and 99.8% for a negative result. According to the performance of the test, it seems to be suitable for diagnosis in routine laboratory and screening in blood banks. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of activated platelets in urinary sediments by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody to human platelet GMP‐140 in patients with IgA nephropathy
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Tsushima Yoshimi , Ohmuro Hiroyuki , Shimizu Masahiko , Kuramoto Takao , Shirato Isao , Koide Hikaru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of activated platelets in the urinary sediments was studied by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antigranular membrane protein (GMP)‐140 antibody. GMP‐140 is generally expressed on the activated‐platelets and ‐vascular endothelial cells. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the presence of activated platelets in the urinary sediments is correlated with glomerular injuries in patients with IgA nephropathy. Fourteen patients with IgA nephropathy and 11 patients with diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis without glomerular IgA deposition (PGN) were examined. The number of activated platelets in the urinary sediments was markedly increased in patients in the advanced stage of IgA nephropathy. The ratio of activated platelets to total platelets in the urinary sediments was also increased in such patients. It appears that the detection of activated platelets in the urinary sediments is useful in determining the degree of histological changes in IgA nephropathy. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.