bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure—Activity Relationship Studies on UK‐2A, a Novel Antifungal Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. 517‐02. Part 5. Roles of the 9‐Membered Dilactone‐Ring Moiety in Respiratory Inhibition.
Authors: Usuki Yoshinosuke , Adachi Noriko , Fujita Ken‐Ichi , Ichimura Akio , Iio Hideo , Taniguchi Makoto 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Kazusamycin A Derivatives as Potent Antitumor Agents.
Authors: Ando Ryoichi , Amano Yusaku , Nakamura Hideo , Arai Noriyoshi , Kuwajima Isao 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Chemistry of Disilyne with a Genuine Si—Si Triple Bond: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity
Authors: Sekiguchi Akira , Ichinohe Masaaki , Kinjo Rei 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Meldrum′s Acid in Multicomponent Reactions: Applications to Combinatorial and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis.
Authors: Gerencser Janos , Dorman Gyoergy , Darvas Ferenc 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supramolecular Synthesis of 1D Chains and 2D Layers in Hydrogen Bond Networks of Ureas and 2‐Pyrimidinones
Authors: Nangia Ashwini 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
exo‐Glycal Chemistry: General Aspects and Synthetic Applications for Biochemical Use
Authors: Lin Chun‐Hung , Lin Hui‐Chang , Yang Wen‐Bin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Use of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Ligands in Palladium‐Mediated Catalysis
Authors: Viciu Mihai S. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the representation of linear system time‐varying half‐line maps
Authors: Sandberg Irwin W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAn expression is given for the most general continuous causal linear input–output map that takes the space of (Lebesgue) integrable functions into itself. This expression is a function‐space limit of an integral. As an application, a representation result is given for an important family of linear maps that take the space of bounded measurable functions into itself and satisfy a certain continuity condition. Some related material concerning engineering education is also given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of low density parity check coded continuous phase frequency shift keying (LDPCC‐CPFSK) over fading channels
Authors: Hekim Yesim , Odabasioglu Niyazi , Ucan Osman N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, in order to improve bit error performance, bandwidth efficiency and reduction of complexity compared to related schemes such as turbo codes, we combine low density parity check (LDPC) codes and continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) modulation and introduce a new scheme, called ‘low density parity check coded‐continuous phase frequency shift keying (LDPCC‐CPFSK)’. Since LDPC codes have very large Euclidean distance and use iterative decoding algorithms, they have high error correcting capacity and have very close performances to Shannon limit. In all communication systems, phase discontinuities of modulated signals result extra bandwidth requirements. Continuous phase modulation (CPM) is a powerful solution for this problem. Beside CPM provides good bandwidth efficiency; it also improves bit error performance with its memory unit. In our proposed scheme, LDPC and CPFSK, which is a special type of CPM, are considered together to improve both error performance and bandwidth efficiencies. We also obtain error performance curves of LDPCC‐CPFSK via computer simulations for both regular and irregular LDPC code. Simulation results are drawn for 4‐ary CPFSK, 8‐ary CPFSK and 16‐ary CPFSK over AWGN, Rician and Rayleigh fading channels for maximum 100 iterations, while the frame size is chosen as 504. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The patient's view on quality of life and eating disorders
Authors: de la Rie Simone , Noordenbos Greta , Donker Marianne , van Furth Eric 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the personal views of eating disorder (ED) patients on their quality of life (QOL).Method:The views of 146 current ED patients and 146 former ED patients on their QOL were studied using a self‐report questionnaire. Patients were requested to name the most important aspects of their life and they subsequently rated themselves on these aspects. Qualitative analysis clustered items into meaningful categories.Results:A sense of belonging was mentioned most often (93.0%) by the participants. Work or education, health and well‐being were also mentioned frequently. Furthermore, participants stated a sense of self, disease‐specific psychopathology, life skills, leisure activities, a sense of purpose, financial situation, living condition, and pets. Current ED patients more frequently mentioned disease‐specific psychopathology than former ED patients. Current ED patients reported poor QOL on most domains, particularly on self‐image and well‐being. Former ED patients reported better QOL than current ED patients, but ratings were just above average.Conclusion:The views on QOL of ED patients broadens the scope of relevant domains of QOL. The assessment of these views may be a useful adjunct to the use of standardized QOL measures. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Titanium(IV) Complexes of Hydrazones and Azines
Authors: Davidson Matthew G. , Johnson Andrew L. , Jones Matthew D. , Lunn Matthew D. , Mahon Mary F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe coordination modes of various azines (C=N–N=C) and hydrazones (C=N–NR2) with titanium(IV) are investigated. Five ligands were studied, two hydrazones 1H–2H and three azines 3H2–5H2, and it was found that hydrazones form monomers and azines form dimers in the solid state. The hydrogen‐bonded arrays observed for the hydrazones were significantly different for the two ligands, with one forming a ribbon like structure and the other a chain. For the azines the supramolecular structures are also discussed. A pronounced twist is observed in the azine ligand upon complexation to the metal centre, which is rationalised in terms of the favourable interactions observed in the solid‐state. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Norstatines from Aldehydes by Sequential Organocatalytic α‐Amination and Passerini Reaction
Authors: Umbreen Sumaira , Brockhaus Manfred , Ehrenberg Helmut , Schmidt Boris 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe combination of the enantioselective, organocatalytic α‐amination of aldehydes by diazodicarboxylates and the Passerini reaction provides rapid access to norstatine‐based peptidomimetics. These intermediates were elaborated further by deprotection and cleavage of the N–N bond to provide useful building blocks for aspartic protease inhibitors. Coupling of the compounds 76–86 with the mono‐isophthalamide 91 provided moderate inhibitors of human β‐secretase (BACE) 92–102. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Why people resort to coercion: the role of utility and legitimacy
Authors: van Knippenberg Barbara , van Knippenberg Daan , De Cremer David 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis study focuses on why people may resort to coercive tactics. We tested the proposition that considerations of utility and legitimacy mediate effects of a powerholder's competence and reward structure on the use of coercion. Results showed that in general coercive tactics are employed less often than softer tactics, that coercive tactics are used more by more competent individuals than by less competent individuals, and that coercive tactics are used more often when the revenues of task performance benefited the agent of power than when they benefited both agent and target or when they benefited the target solely. Results identified perceived utility and perceived legitimacy as mediators of the decision to coerce the other or not. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasensitive native fluorescence detection of proteins with miniaturized polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by laser side‐entry excitation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yeung Edward S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDirect detection of separated proteins inside polyacrylamide gels has many advantages compared to staining methods. Ultrasensitive native fluorescence detection of proteins with miniaturized 1‐D and 2‐D PAGE was achieved with laser side‐entry excitation. The detection limit for R‐phycoerythrin protein spots in 1‐D SDS‐PAGE with 532 nm excitation was as low as 15 fg, which corresponds to only 40 000 molecules. The average detection limit of six standard native proteins was 5 pg per band with 275 nm excitation. The dynamic range spanned more than three orders of magnitude. By using the same detection setup, approximately 150 protein spots from 30 ng of total Escherichia coli extraction were detected on a 0.8 cm×1 cm gel in 2‐D separation. The significant improvement in sensitivity for laser side‐entry excitation comes from higher excitation power and lower background level compared with other excitation modes.
Automated integration of monolith‐based protein separation with on‐plate digestion for mass spectrometric analysis of esophageal adenocarcinoma human epithelial samples
Authors: Yoo Chul , Zhao Jia , Pal Manoj , Hersberger Katherine , Huber Christian G. , Simeone Diane M. , Beer David G. , Lubman David M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA unique approach of automating the integration of monolithic capillary HPLC‐based protein separation and on‐plate digestion for subsequent MALDI‐MS analysis has been developed. All liquid‐handling procedures were performed using a robotic module. This automated high‐throughput method minimizes the amount of time and extensive labor required for traditional in‐solution digestion followed by exhaustive sample cleanup and analysis. Also, precise positioning of the droplet from the capillary HPLC separation onto the MALDI plate allows for preconcentration effects of analytes for improved sensitivity. Proteins from primary esophageal Barrett's adenocarcinoma tissue were prefractionated by chromatofocusing and analyzed successfully by this automated configuration, obtaining rapid protein identifications through PMF and sequencing analyses with high sequence coverage. Additionally, intact protein molecular weight values were obtained as a means to further confirm protein identification and also to identify potential sequence modifications of proteins. This simple and rapid method is a highly versatile and robust approach for the analysis of complex proteomes.
Surface structures and tiered topography
Authors: Myers Wayne L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe use of contemporary spatial analysis systems for environmental monitoring tends to promote an emphasis on high versus low areas in surface data. However, locally elevated areas as summits or domes may be important even if higher levels are found elsewhere. Also, trends on the periphery of elevated areas can be informative. Some elevated areas drop precipitously on the edges, others drop gradually, and still others have proximate reversals of decline leading up again to other areas that are elevated in greater or lesser degree. The reversals of downward trend may be small and subtle or sustained as major features of the surface. Small reversals having high spatial frequency can be considered as a type of noise engendering local uncertainty for which suppression may be advantageous. Mapping and characterizing these transitional areas leads to major opportunities for etiology since these are zones in which causal factors are also varying and thus relatively amenable to study. Echelon analysis and dome domains enable systematic investigation of spatial trends that would otherwise be difficult. Biodiversity of fish species richness and topographic analysis in Pennsylvania provide contexts for consideration and generalization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal network design for spatial prediction, covariance parameter estimation, and empirical prediction
Authors: Zimmerman Dale L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractInferences for spatial data are affected substantially by the spatial configuration of the network of sites where measurements are taken. In this article, criteria for network design that emphasize the utility of the network for prediction (kriging) of unobserved responses assuming known spatial covariance parameters are contrasted with criteria that emphasize the estimation of the covariance parameters themselves. It is shown, via a series of related examples, that these two main design objectives are largely antithetical and thus lead to quite different “optimal” designs. Furthermore, a hybrid design criterion that accounts for the effect that the sampling variation of spatial covariance parameter estimates has on prediction is described and illustrated. Situations in which the hybrid optimal design resembles designs that are optimal with respect to each of the other two criteria are identified. An application to the optimal augmentation of an acid deposition monitoring network in the eastern US is presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iterated confirmatory factor analysis for pollution source apportionment
Authors: Christensen William F. , Schauer James J. , Lingwall Jeff W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMany approaches for pollution source apportionment have been considered in the literature, most of which are based on the chemical mass balance equations. The simplest approaches for identifying the pollution source contributions require that the pollution source profiles are known. When little or nothing is known about the nature of the pollution sources, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and other multivariate approaches have been employed. In recent years, there has been increased interest in more flexible approaches, which assume little knowledge about the nature of the pollution source profiles, but are still able to produce nonnegative and physically realistic estimates of pollution source contributions. Confirmatory factor analysis can yield a physically interpretable and uniquely estimable solution, but requires that at least some of the rows of the source profile matrix be known. In the present discussion, we discuss the iterated confirmatory factor analysis (ICFA) approach. ICFA can take on aspects of chemical mass balance analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis by assigning varying degrees of constraint to the elements of the source profile matrix when iteratively adapting the hypothesized profiles to conform to the data. ICFA is illustrated using PM2.5 data from Washington D.C., and a simulation study illustrates the relative strengths of ICFA, chemical mass balance approaches, and positive matrix factorization (PMF). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suicidal behaviour, risky eating behaviours and psychosocial correlates in Mexican female students
Authors: Unikel Claudia , Gómez‐Peresmitré Gilda , González‐Forteza Catalina 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency of suicidal behaviour and its characteristics, and its association to different variables such as: depressive symptomatology, risky eating behaviours, suicidal ideation, experience of sexual abuse and the relationship with mother and father, as well as to identify the protective and risk factors.MethodCross‐sectional study of a sample of high school and college female students (N = 405 with a mean age of 18.5 years, SD = 3).ResultsTen per cent of the women in the sample displayed suicidal behaviour at some point in their lives. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between students with and without suicidal behaviours in all variables measured except for father's support. A positive association was found between the father's emotional mistreatment, suicidal ideation and risky eating behaviours, as well as a negative association with the mother's affect. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Investigation of a model of weight restricting behaviour amongst adolescent girls
Authors: Donovan Caroline L. , Spence Susan H. , Sheffield Jeanie K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the validity of a model predicting weight restricting behaviour both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.MethodParticipants comprised 1207 girls aged from 12 to 14 years. The girls completed self‐report questionnaires at three time points over 1‐year intervals.ResultsThe cross‐sectional results suggested that weight preoccupation and body dissatisfaction directly predicted weight restricting behaviour. In addition, upset induced by teasing, depressive symptoms, BMI and negative attributional style demonstrated indirect effects on weight restricting behaviour through their effects on body dissatisfaction and/or weight preoccupation. Longitudinally however, only weight restricting behaviour and body dissatisfaction were significant in the prediction of weight restricting behaviour.DiscussionThe implications of the results are discussed, together with suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A node‐centred finite volume formulation for the solution of two‐phase flows in non‐homogeneous porous media
Authors: de Carvalho D. K. E. , Willmersdorf R. B. , Lyra P. R. M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe simulation of two‐phase flow of oil and water in inhomogeneous porous media represents a great challenge because rock properties such as porosity and permeability can change abruptly throughout the reservoir. This fact can produce velocities which vary several orders of magnitude within very short distances. The presence of complex geometrical features such as faults and deviated wells is quite common in reservoir modelling, and unstructured mesh procedures, such as finite elements (FE) and finite volume (FV) methods can offer advantages relative to standard finite differences (FD) due to their ability to deal with complex geometries and the easiness of incorporating mesh adaptation procedures. In fluid flow problems FV formulations are particularly attractive as they are naturally conservative in a local basis. In this paper, we present an unstructured edge‐based finite volume formulation which is used to solve the partial differential equations resulting from the modelling of the immiscible displacement of oil by water in inhomogeneous porous media. This FV formulation is similar to the edge‐based finite element formulation when linear triangular elements are employed. Flow equations are modelled using a fractional flux approach in a segregated manner through an IMplicit Pressure‐Explicit Saturation (IMPES) procedure. The elliptic pressure equation is solved using a two‐step approach and the hyperbolic saturation equation is approximated through an artificial diffusion method adapted for use on unstructured meshes. Some representative examples are shown in order to illustrate the potential of the method to solve fluid flows in porous media with highly discontinuous properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of flows around two circular cylinders by mesh‐free least square‐based finite difference methods
Authors: Ding H. , Shu C. , Yeo K. S. , Xu D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the mesh‐free least square‐based finite difference (MLSFD) method is applied to numerically study the flow field around two circular cylinders arranged in side‐by‐side and tandem configurations. For each configuration, various geometrical arrangements are considered, in order to reveal the different flow regimes characterized by the gap between the two cylinders. In this work, the flow simulations are carried out in the low Reynolds number range, that is, Re=100 and 200. Instantaneous vorticity contours and streamlines around the two cylinders are used as the visualization aids. Some flow parameters such as Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients calculated from the solution are provided and quantitatively compared with those provided by other researchers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hierarchical distributed metamodel‐assisted evolutionary algorithms in shape optimization
Authors: Karakasis Marios K. , Koubogiannis Dimitrios G. , Giannakoglou Kyriakos C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn aerodynamic shape optimization, the availability of multiple evaluation models of different precision and hence computational cost can be efficiently exploited in a hierarchical evolutionary algorithm. Thus, in this work the demes of a distributed evolutionary algorithm are ordered in levels, with each level employing a different flow analysis method, giving rise to a hierarchical distributed scheme. The arduous task of exploring the design space is undertaken by demes consisting the lower hierarchy level, which use a low‐cost flow analysis tool, namely a viscous–inviscid flow interaction method. Promising solutions are directed towards the higher level, where these are further evolved based on a high precision/cost evaluation tool, viz. a Navier–Stokes equations solver. The final, optimal solution is obtained from the highest hierarchy level. At each level, metamodels, trained on‐line on the outcome of evaluations with the level's analysis tool, are used. The role of metamodels is to allow a parsimonious use of computational resources by filtering the poorly performing individuals in each deme. The entire algorithm has been implemented so as to take advantage of a parallel computing system. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical distributed evolutionary algorithm have been assessed in the design of a transonic isolated airfoil and a compressor cascade. Remarkable superiority over the conventional evolutionary algorithms has been monitored. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.