bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Cytoplasmic Expression of p63 and Prostate Cancer Mortality
Authors: Dhillon Preet K. , Barry Marc , Stampfer Meir J. , Perner Sven , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Fornari Alessandro , Ma Jing , Fleet Julia , Kurth Tobias , Rubin Mark A. , Mucci Lorelei A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Protein expression of p63 is used to differentiate prostate cancer from benign mimickers. Recent studies suggest that it may also distinguish aggressive prostate cancer with down-regulated expression occurring in men with more advanced disease. We conducted a prospective study among 298 men ages 51 to 84 years who were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Physicians' Health Study in 1983 to 2004 and whose tissue was available for immunohistochemical staining. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate the association of p63 protein expression with fatal prostate cancer. We correlated p63 expression with tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (TUNEL staining). The predominant location of tumor p63 staining occurred in the cytoplasm, an uncommon departure from the strong nuclear staining usually observed in nonneoplastic basal cells. Increasing expression of cytoplasmic p63 (tertiles) was associated with prostate cancer mortality (n = 19 deaths); the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.0 (reference), 4.0 (0.9-18.9), and 5.9 (1.3-27.5; Ptrend = 0.03). The positive trend remained significant (P = 0.047) after multivariable adjustment for age, year of diagnosis, and Gleason score. Higher tertiles of cytoplasmic p63 were also associated with reduced levels of apoptosis (Ptrend = 0.0408) and increased cellular proliferation (Ptrend = 0.0026). We found aberrant expression of p63 in the cytoplasm to be associated with increased prostate cancer-specific mortality up to 20 years after diagnosis. The mislocalized expression was associated with reduced apoptosis and higher proliferative activity and may suggest an oncogenic role in prostate cancer progression and survival. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):595–600)
Association of Thymidylate Synthase Gene with Endometrial Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population
Authors: Xu Wang-Hong , Long Ji-Rong , Zheng Wei , Ruan Zhi-Xian , Cai Qiuyin , Cheng Jia-Rong , Zhao Gen-Ming , Xiang Yong-Bing , Shu Xiao-Ou 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe comprehensively evaluated genetic variants in the thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene in association with endometrial cancer risk in a population-based case-control study of 1,199 incident endometrial cancer cases and 1,212 age frequency-matched population controls. Exposure information was obtained via in-person interview, and DNA samples (blood or buccal cell) were collected. Genotyping of 11 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for the TYMS gene plus the 5-kb flanking regions was done for 1,028 cases and 1,003 controls by using the Affymetrix MegAllele Targeted Genotyping System. Of 11 haplotype-tagging SNPs identified, 7 that are located in flanking regions of the TYMS gene are also in the ENOSF1 (rTS) gene. The SNP rs3819102, located in the 3′-flanking region of the TYMS gene and in an intron of the ENOSF1 gene, was associated with risk of endometrial cancer. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for the CC genotype was 1.5 (1.0-2.2) compared with the TT genotype. Haplotype TTG in block 2 of the TYMS gene, which includes SNPs rs10502289, rs2298583, and rs2298581 (located in introns of the ENOSF1 gene), was associated with a marginally significant decrease in risk of endometrial cancer under the dominant model (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.0). This study suggests that genetic polymorphisms in the TYMS or ENOSF1 genes may play a role in the development of endometrial cancer among Chinese women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):579–84)
Staphylococcus aureusand Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Kullander Johanna , Forslund Ola , Dillner Joakim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is a tumor with greatly increased incidence among immunosuppressed patients; therefore, an infectious cause of SCC has long been sought. We performed a hospital-based case-control study of Staphylococcus aureus and biopsies of SCC (n = 82), basal cell carcinoma (n = 142), actinic keratosis (n = 57), and seborrhoeic keratosis (n = 72) in comparison with biopsies from healthy skin of these 353 immunocompetent patients. In a S. aureus-specific PCR, targeting the nuc gene, presence of S. aureus DNA was strongly associated with SCC (29.3% positive specimens; adjusted odds ratio, 6.23; 95% confidence interval, 3.10-12.53) compared with healthy skin (5.7% positive specimens). There was also a tendency for association of S. aureus with actinic keratosis, but no association was found for basal cell carcinoma or seborrhoeic keratosis. Analysis using cotton swab samples taken on top of the lesions and from healthy skin gave similar results (adjusted odds ratio for SCC compared with healthy skin, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-4.83). In conclusion, there is a strong association between SCC and presence of S. aureus. The study design used cannot determine whether the association implies that presence of S. aureus might influence carcinogenesis or whether it may imply that SCC has an increased susceptibility to S. aureus colonization. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):472–8)
Bladder Cancer–Associated Gene Expression Signatures Identified by Profiling of Exfoliated Urothelia
Authors: Rosser Charles J. , Liu Li , Sun Yijun , Villicana Patrick , McCullers Molly , Porvasnik Stacy , Young Paul R. , Parker Alexander S. , Goodison Steve 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Bladder cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the United States and one of the most prevalent worldwide. It harbors a probability of recurrence of &gt;50%; thus, rigorous, long-term surveillance of patients is advocated. Flexible cystoscopy coupled with voided urine cytology is the primary diagnostic approach, but cystoscopy is an uncomfortable, invasive procedure and the sensitivity of voided urine cytology is poor in all but high-grade tumors. Thus, improvements in noninvasive urinalysis assessment strategies would benefit patients. We applied gene expression microarray analysis to exfoliated urothelia recovered from bladder washes obtained prospectively from 46 patients with subsequently confirmed presence or absence of bladder cancer. Data from microarrays containing 56,000 targets was subjected to a panel of statistical analyses to identify bladder cancer-associated gene signatures. Hierarchical clustering and supervised learning algorithms were used to classify samples on the basis of tumor burden. A differentially expressed geneset of 319 gene probes was associated with the presence of bladder cancer (P &lt; 0.01), and visualization of protein interaction networks revealed vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen as pivotal factors in tumor cells. Supervised machine learning and a cross-validation approach were used to build a 14-gene molecular classifier that was able to classify patients with and without bladder cancer with an overall accuracy of 76%. Our results show that it is possible to achieve the detection of bladder cancer using molecular signatures present in exfoliated tumor urothelia. Further investigation and validation of the cancer-associated profiles may reveal important biomarkers for the noninvasive detection and surveillance of bladder cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):444–53)
Comparison of activated clotting times obtained using Hemochron and Medtronic analysers in patients receiving anti-thrombin therapy during cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Chia Stanley , Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Raffel Christopher O. , Jang Ik-Kyung 
Published: February 2009

SummaryAccurate monitoring of anti-thrombin therapy with activated clotting time (ACT) is important to prevent thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications during cardiac catheterisation. Significant variability in ACT tests exists when different analysers are used. Our objective was to compare ACT results obtained using Hemochron→ and Medtronic ACT PLUS→ devices and anti-Xa activity in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Thirty-two patients who received unfractionated heparin or argatroban therapy during cardiac catheterisation were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed to determine ACT values using Hemochron and Medtronic (with high-range cartridges) devices in all patients (n=130 pairs), and anti-Xa activity following heparin administration. In the heparin group, ACT tests (n=95 pairs) showed very good correlation (r=0.84, y=1.31x–0.81; p<0.001). However, Hemochron values were consistently higher and the difference more pronounced with increasing ACT (for ACT>150 sec, mean difference 65 ± 48 sec; p<0.001). Both Hemochron and Medtronic ACT tests correlated well with plasma anti-Xa levels (r=0.85, r=0.81, respectively; p<0.001); Hemochron ACT>300 sec corresponded to anti-Xa>1.48 IU/ml. With concomitant eptifibatide therapy, the divergence in ACT was greater compared to heparin alone. In the argatroban group, ACT tests (n=35 pairs) demonstrated excellent correlation (r=0.94, y=0.61x+79.9; p<0.001). In contrast to the heparin group, ACT values were higher with Medtronic compared to Hemochron. Therefore, despite good correlation between Hemochron and Medtronic ACT results, and strong association with anti-Xa activity, Medtronic ACT values were consistently lower compared to Hemochron following heparin anticoagulation. Paradoxically, Medtronic ACT results were higher after argatroban therapy. Understanding this discrepancy is crucial when using ACT to guide invasive cardiac procedures.
Type 2 Diabetes in Urban Black and Rural White Women
Authors: D'Eramo Melkus Gail , Whittemore Robin , Mitchell Jessica 
Published: February 2009

Purpose The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe and compare physiological, psychosocial, and self-management characteristics of urban black and rural white women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the northeast United States. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted with baseline data from 2 independent study samples: rural white women and urban black women. Results Results revealed the sample were on average educated, working, low-income, mid-life women with poor glycemic and blood pressure control, despite having a usual source of primary care. When compared, black women were younger, had lower income levels, worked more, and were often single and/or divorced. They had worse glycemic control, significantly higher levels of diabetes-related emotional distress, and less support than white women. Conclusion Despite differences in geography and study findings, both groups had suboptimal physiological and psychosocial levels that impede self-management. These findings serve to aid in the understanding of health disparities, emphasizing the importance of developing and evaluating effective interventions of diabetes care for women with T2D.
Mothers' Perspectives About Reproductive Health Discussions With Adolescent Daughters With Diabetes
Authors: Hannan Margaret , Happ Mary Beth , Charron-Prochownik Denise 
Published: February 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore mothers' perspectives about reproductive health (RH) discussions with their adolescent daughters with diabetes. Methods This study of mothers used a sequential explanatory mixed-method design with 2 phases. Phase 2, the focus of this report, was a qualitative descriptive study using open-ended semistructured telephone interviews. Ten mothers from a larger study sample were selected by purposeful sampling. Qualitative content analysis techniques were used to analyze the interview transcripts. Results The following 4 themes describing mothers' perspectives about RH discussions with their adolescent daughters with diabetes were identified: (1) maternal awareness, (2) maternal knowledge, (3) triggers for initiating RH discussions, and (4) maternal fears/concerns. Several mothers were aware of their daughters' sexual activity and were aware that their daughters should preplan a pregnancy. They knew that an unplanned pregnancy may have detrimental effects on their daughters' health and feared that their daughters would have an unplanned pregnancy. A major trigger for mothers to initiate RH discussions was when a daughter had a steady boyfriend. Mothers' fears and concerns were focused around their daughters' having an unplanned pregnancy. Overall, mothers reported they were not comfortable with RH conversations. Conclusions Mothers fear unplanned pregnancies for their daughters with diabetes and want to discuss RH issues with them but are uncomfortable doing so. Diabetes educators could be instrumental in educating and providing communication skills to mothers to help foster RH communication with their adolescent daughters with diabetes.
Cost Analysis of Converting from Single-Bundle to Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Wright Rick W. , Matava Matthew J. 
Published: February 2009

Background Recent studies comparing double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have reported some biomechanical advantages but little or no short-term clinical benefit from the double-bundle technique. In the current healthcare environment, the potential economic implications of widespread conversion to a double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are an important consideration. Purpose To determine the economic implications of widespread use of the double-bundle technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Economic analysis; Level of evidence, 2. Methods A cost model to assess the effect of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was constructed using standard accounting methodology. The model was based on actual 2008 cost figures (in US dollars) for ligamentous allografts, fixation implants, and operating room time. Revision rate (4%) and time to revision surgery (mean, 4 years) for single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was based on the available literature. Assumptions about the prevalence of double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the number of grafts used, and the revision rate for double-bundle reconstruction were varied to assess their effect on cost. Results The potential additional cost for widespread conversion to the double-bundle technique for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ranges from $36 million to $792 million per year in the United States alone. To offset this increased cost, the double-bundle technique would have to reduce the revision rate at a minimum from 4% to 1.5% and potentially from 24.1% to 0%. Conclusion Double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has the potential of adding considerable cost to the healthcare system. Clinical Relevance While further research is warranted to determine if there are other benefits from this technique, widespread adoption of a double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not appear to be cost-effective at this time.
Results of Arthroscopic Revision Anterior Shoulder Reconstruction
Authors: Barnes Christopher J. , Getelman Mark H. , Snyder Stephen J. 
Published: February 2009

Background Recurrent instability after surgical stabilization of the shoulder is uncommon. Although results of open revision stabilization procedures have been reported, only 3 studies have evaluated the outcome of arthroscopic revision surgery. Purpose To analyze results of arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction at the authors’ institution. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Chart review identified 18 shoulders that had arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction at the Southern California Orthopedic Institute between November 4, 1997, and May 14, 2002. Anterior reconstruction of the shoulder was performed using suture anchors and nonabsorbable sutures. In most patients, posterior capsular plication was also performed; in 1 patient, closure of the rotator interval was performed. Sixteen shoulders in 15 patients were examined and 1 patient who required revision surgery was interviewed at a mean of 38 months (range, 24-67 months) after arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction. The patient population consisted of 13 men and 3 women whose age at surgery was between 17 and 55 years (mean, 30 years; SD, 11.9 years). Patient satisfaction, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the Rowe scale were used to measure outcome. Results Prior surgeries included 10 arthroscopic procedures in 9 shoulders and 10 open procedures in 8 shoulders. In this study group, 1 patient dislocated his shoulder 4 months after arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction during an altercation and subsequently underwent a Bristow procedure. Of the remaining cases, none of the 16 shoulders had recurrence of dislocation or subluxation; all 15 patients were satisfied with their revision surgeries. Among this group, the Simple Shoulder Test responses improved from 8.3 yes responses to 11.3 after arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction (P < .05). Using the Rowe scale, there were 9 excellent, 4 good, and 3 fair results. Mean Rowe score at follow-up was 83.8 (range, 55-100; SD, 14.7) for these 16 shoulders. Conclusion In this series, 94% of shoulders were stable after arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction, and there were a high number of good and excellent outcomes. Results suggest arthroscopic revision anterior shoulder reconstruction using suture anchors is a viable treatment alternative for patients with failed anterior shoulder reconstructions.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome in an Italian patient
Authors: Monteferrante G , Giani M , van den Heuvel MC 
Published: February 2009

Systemic lupus erythematosus has not yet been associated with mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene; moreover, the time courses of platelet number and size in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are unknown. In this case, we present the time trends of platelet count and volume and the histopathology of the kidney of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and a mutation in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene. The patient suffered from congenital recessive X-linked thrombocytopenia, and he developed systemic lupus erythematosus at the age of 12 years. Thus, his disease was reclassified as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, class 5. The g.257G > A mutation in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene and reduced expression of the specific messenger were revealed by molecular analyses.
The ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout ameliorates disease severity of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice
Authors: Hong YH , Huang CJ , Wang SC , Lin BF 
Published: February 2009

Previous study showed that soy isoflavone supplement alleviates disease severity in autoimmune-prone mice. As the ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout (AS) has selective oestrogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, this study evaluated the effects of alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (ASEA) on disease severity of systemic lupus erythematosus, using autoimmune-prone female MRL- lpr/lpr mice. In Experiment 1, five groups of 12-week-old female mice were per oral treated with vehicle (control), lyophilized AS (550 mg wt/kg BW), ASEA (ASEA, 25 mg/kg BW), coumestrol (CUM, 0.075 mg/kg BW) and tamoxifen (TAM, 0.375 mg/kg BW) as the positive control. The onset of proteinuria was delayed, and the life span was significantly longer in the ASEA and TAM groups but neither in the AS nor in the CUM groups, compared to the control. To examine the changes in the immunological parameters related to disease process, three more groups of MRL- lpr/lpr female mice (control, ASEA and TAM) were fed in a similar manner for 6 weeks in the Experiment 2. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes showed a significantly lower percentage of activated T cells in the ASEA and TAM groups. The ex-vivo interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 production from splenocytes and tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-1β production from peritoneal exudate cells were also significantly lower in the ASEA group compared with the control. The ASEA group also had less severe glomerulonephritis. Thus, ASEA attenuated cytokine and inflammatory responses of self-reactive lymphocytes, decreased the disease severity, increased survival and life span of the autoimmune-prone MRL- lpr/lpr mice, suggesting a potential of ASEA in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Raised expression of cytokine receptor gp130 subunit on peripheral lymphocytes of patients with active lupus. A useful tool for monitoring the disease activity?
Authors: De La Torre M , Urra JM , Blanco J 
Published: February 2009

The glycoprotein gp130 is a signal traducing subunit with a membrane domain of the IL-6 receptor. In addition, gp130 is shared among the receptors for IL-6 superfamily, and it is critically involved in generating signal transduction through these receptors. The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of the IL-6 superfamily receptor molecule gp130 on TCD4+ and B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Surface expression of gp130 on TCD4+ and B lymphocytes was higher in patients with SLE than in healthy controls (2.79 vs 0.36% and 8.36 vs 0.37%, respectively). Patients with active lupus had higher expression of gp130 (relapsed 15.1%, new onset 26.6%) than stable patients (2.83%), in B-cell subset, but not in TCD4 lymphocytes. An important reduction in the gp130 expression on B lymphocytes was observed when the activity of the disease had disappeared after readjusting its immunosuppressive treatment (20.8–3.8%). In addition, there was significant correlation between the activity of the disease, measured like systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index score, and surface expression of gp130 in lymphocytes B ( rs = 0.5880, P = 0.0002). According with our results and roc curve analysis, a cut-off in 6.7% of B cells with gp130 expression were defined, who discriminates active/stable SLE with a sensitivity of 0.93 and a specificity of 0.75. In conclusion, there is an altered expression of gp130 in the patients with SLE. The disease activity as well as immunotherapy seems to influence the pattern of expression of gp130 on B-cell subsets in patients with SLE.
Systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancies: a case series from a tertiary, East Malaysian hospital
Authors: Teh CL , Wong JS , Ngeh NKN , Loh WLH 
Published: February 2009

We performed a retrospective study of all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pregnancies during a two-year period (2006–2007) to describe the clinical features, maternal and foetal outcomes in our centre. There were 17 pregnancies in 16 women with SLE. Our patients have a mean age of 28.31 years (SD 5.24) and a mean disease duration of 38.62 months (SD 38.03). Our patients have complicated pregnancies: 35.3% have SLE flares, 21.1% have preeclampsia and 47.4% needed caesarean sections. There were 15.8% foetal losses and 12.5% preterm deliveries in our patients. All the foetal losses occurred in patients with severe SLE flares during pregnancies. Lupus pregnancies in our centre generally have a good maternal and foetal outcome comparable with developed countries. The low incidence of antiphospholipid syndrome, the high usage of hydroxychloroquine and the high SLE remission rate in our patients before conceptions are the possible factors contributing to the good outcome.