bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional studies of stable L cell transfectants expressing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM‐1]
Authors: Wawryk Stefan O , Salvaris Evelyn , Sandrin Mauro S , Boyd Andrew W 
Published: July 2007

SummaryHigh molecular weight DNA isolated from human tonsil was transfected into mouse L cells to produce transfectants expressing the human intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM‐1]. The transfected ICAM‐1 molecule was highly expressed on the cell membrane and our studies show that the transfected ICAM‐1 molecule was a fully functional adhesion protein. All leucocyte subtypes showed specific binding to the ICAM‐1 transfectants, their adhesion being inhibited by Fab 1 fragments of W‐CAM‐1 antibody and LFA‐1 MoAb (leucocyte function antigen). B cell lines(RAJI, Nalm1) showed the highest degree of ICAM‐1 mediated adhesion. Normal lymphoblasts showed comparable levels of binding whilst normal neutrophils (both resting and activated by (N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine) fMLP) showed the least ICAM‐1‐mediated adhesion. Despite a significant level of adhesion to ICAM‐1 transfectants shown by T lymphoblasts generated in a two way MLR there was no evidence of cytolysis of ICAM‐1 transfectants. These studies demonstrate the potential of ICAM‐1 transfectants as tools for analysis of the role of ICAM‐1 in lymphoid adhesion.
Differences in the phenotypes of cells mediating anti‐tumour immunity at various stages of tumour progression in mice
Authors: Dent LA , Spencer LK , Attridge S , Finlay‐Jones JJ 
Published: July 2007

SummaryIn Winn assays, T cells from donors immunized by tumour excision, or from mice with small tumours, mediate rejection of the metastasizing murine fibrosarcoma MC‐2. As the mean size of primary tumours in spleen donors increases, the strength of anti‐tumour activity declines, until it is frequently undetectable in spleen cells from mice with very large tumour burdens. Loss of splenic anti‐tumour activity is coincident with the appearance of cells capable of suppressing an otherwise protective anti‐tumour response in Winn assays. This paper defines the phenotypes of T cells mediating immunity against MC‐2. Eleven or more days after tumour inoculation the proportions of tumour‐bearer splenic leucocytes expressing Ly 1.2 (CD5), Ly 2.2 (CD8a) or L3T4 (CD4) surface antigens were significantly less than similar preparations from normal animals. Depletion of Ly 1.2+ or L3T4+ cells from spleen cells of donors with small tumours, or from donors immunized by tumour excision, diminished protection in the Winn assay. Depletion of Ly 2.2+ cells from these donors had no effect on immunity. In contrast, spleen cells taken from donors with large tumours lost all anti‐tumour activity if pretreated with any one of anti‐Ly 1.2 or anti‐Ly 2.2 or anti‐L3T4 antibodies in the presence of complement. These results suggest that cells bearing the Ly 2.2 marker may be important to weak immunity remaining in the spleens of mice with large tumours, but are not critical to strong immunity generated early in tumour growth, nor to that following tumour excision. That is, in addition to an Ly 1.2+, Ly 2.2−, L3T4+ spleen cell subset also seen early in the growth of the MC‐2 tumour, a cell population which expresses the Ly 2.2 marker and which is important to anti‐tumour immunity emerges late in tumour growth.
T cell receptor gene rearrangement and expression in ataxia‐telangiectasia B lymphoblastoid cells
Authors: Baxter GD , Kumar S , Lavin MF 
Published: July 2007

SummaryImmunoglobulin and T cell receptor gene probes have been used to investigate cell lineage and monoclonality in lymphoid malignancies. In the present study we have used T cell receptor β‐and γ‐chain gene probes to screen for abnormal rearrangements of these genes in B lymphoblastoid cells from patients with ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T). No rearrangement of either gene was observed but deletion of a β‐chain gene allele is described for one A‐T cell line. Expression of mRNA hybridizing to the β‐chain gene probe was demonstrated for two A‐T homozygotes (brother and sister) as well as for their mother (heterozygote). This transcript was found to be truncated in all three cases.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinases regulate palytoxin‐induced calcium influx and cytotoxicity in cultured neurons
Authors: Vale C , Gómez‐Limia B , Vieytes M R , Botana L M 
Published: July 2007

Background and purpose:Palytoxin (PLT) is a potent toxin that binds to the Na,K‐ATPase. Palytoxin is highly neurotoxic and increases the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) while decreasing intracellular pH (pHi) in neurons (Vale et al., 2006; Vale‐Gonzalez et al., 2007). It is also a tumour promoter that activates several protein kinases.Experimental approach:The role of different protein kinases in the effects of palytoxin on [Ca2+]c, pHi and cytoxicity was investigated in cultured neurons.Key results:Palytoxin‐induced calcium load was not affected by inhibition of calcium‐dependent protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms but it was partially ameliorated by blockade of calcium‐independent PKC isozymes. Inhibition of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 2 eliminated the palytoxin‐induced rise in calcium and intracellular acidification, whereas inhibition of MEK greatly attenuated the palytoxin effect on calcium without modifying the PLT‐evoked intracellular acidification. Blockade of c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinases (JNK) somewhat decreased the palytoxin‐effect on calcium, whereas inhibition of the p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) delayed the onset of the palytoxin‐evoked rise in calcium and acidification. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of palytoxin was completely blocked by inhibition of ERK 2 and partially prevented by inhibition of MEK. PLT increased phosphorylated ERK immunoreactivity in a concentration‐dependent manner.Conclusions and implications:MAPKs, specifically ERK 2, link palytoxin cytotoxicity with its effects on calcium homeostasis after inhibition of the Na,K‐ATPase. Binding of palytoxin to the Na,K‐ATPase would alter signal transduction pathways, even in non‐dividing cells, and this finding is related to the potent neurotoxicity of this marine toxin.British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 152, 256–266; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707389
DEVELOPMENT OF A LATTICE BOLTZMANN FRAMEWORK FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THROMBOSIS
Authors: HARRISON S. E. , BERNSDORF J. , HOSE D. R. , LAWFORD P. V. 
Published: July 2007

The interacting factors relating to thrombogenesis were defined by Virchow in 1856 to be abnormalities of blood chemistry, the vessel wall and haemodynamics. Together, these factors are known as Virchow's triad. Many attempts have been made to simulate numerically certain aspects of the complex phenomena of thrombosis, but a comprehensive model, which includes the biochemical and physical aspects of Virchow's triad, and is capable of predicting thrombus development within physiological geometries has not yet been developed. Such a model would consider the role of platelets and the coagulation cascade along with the properties of the flow in the chosen vessel.A lattice Boltzmann thrombosis framework has been developed, on top of an existing flow solver, to model the formation of thrombi resulting from platelet activation and initiation of the coagulation cascade by one or more of the strands of Virchow's triad. Both processes then act in parallel, to restore homeostasis as the deposited thrombus disturbs the flow. Results are presented in a model of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), resulting from hypoxia and associated endothelial damage.
Summarizing digital documents: effects of alternate or simultaneous window display
Authors: Olive Thierry , Rouet Jean‐François , François Emmanuelle , Zampa Virginie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effect of window visibility on the computer‐based summarizing of digital documents. Two experiments studied the impact of the simultaneous or alternate display of the windows containing the notepad and source documents. In Experiment 1, the participants were asked to summarize the content of the source documents. In Experiment 2, they were required to copy out sections of the source documents. The results showed that in the alternate condition, the participants performed fewer reading and writing cycles than in the simultaneous condition. Furthermore, in the alternate condition, the writing episodes were both more numerous and more effortful, while quality of the summaries produced using the copying strategy was also affected. These experiments highlight the need for writers to be able to navigate freely and easily between the windows so that they can construct an overall mental representation of their summaries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmentally friendly biocomposites based on waste of the dairy industry and poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Sedlařík Vladimír , Saha Nabanita , Kuřitka Ivo , Sáha Petr 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly polymeric biocomposites based on whey powder, a waste material of the dairy industry, and fully or partially hydrolyzed poly (vinyl alcohol) were prepared and characterized with optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and stress–strain analysis, and their biodegradation was evaluated with the modified Zahn–Wellens method and the spectrophotometric determination of poly(vinyl alcohol). In addition, the ability of the biocomposites to absorb moisture and its consequent influence on the mechanical properties were investigated under different storage conditions. The structural differences of the two types of poly(vinyl alcohol) matrices had a significant effect on all the mentioned characteristics. Possible molecular interactions between the polymer matrix and modifier, due to hydrogen bonding, were also examined. First‐order kinetics were applied for the biodegradation data. The two‐phase character of the biodegradation was shown. The results indicated that whey powder is suitable for the modification of polymers, and this is important for the production of biodegradable polymer materials and the consequent reduction of the environmental load. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Spectroscopic analysis of poly(ethylene naphthalate)–poly(butylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Jung Dylan Dae Bong , Bhattacharyya Debes , Easteal Allan J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe characteristics of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), and blends with 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt % PEN prepared by melt‐blending were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectroscopic analyses provide no direct evidence for the occurrence of transesterification reactions occurring during melt‐processing of the blends under the conditions that were used. The improved mechanical properties of the PBT/PEN blends are attributed to physical interactions occurring over a large interfacial area. X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution solid‐state carbon‐13 (13C) NMR confirmed the formation of the α‐PEN phase after annealing samples at 200°C for 19 h. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Influence of the extrusion process on the morphology and micromechanical behavior of polystyrene‐block‐(polystyrene‐co‐butadiene)‐block‐polystyrene star block copolymer/homopolystyrene blends
Authors: Buschnakowski M. , Adhikari R. , Michler G. H. , Knoll K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe influence of the extrusion process on the morphology and micromechanical behavior of an asymmetric polystyrene‐block‐(polystyrene‐co‐butadiene)‐block‐polystyrene (SBS) star block copolymer and its blends with general‐purpose homopolystyrene (hPS) was studied with films prepared with a single‐screw extruder. The techniques used were transmission electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile testing. Unlike the pure SBS block copolymer possessing a gyroid‐like morphology, whose deformation was found to be insensitive to the processing conditions, the mechanical properties of the blends strongly depended on the extrusion temperature as well as the apparent shear rate. The deformation micromechanism was primarily dictated by the blend morphology. The yielding and cavitation of the nanostructures were the principal deformation mechanism for the blends having a droplet‐like microphase‐separated morphology, whereas cavitation dominated for the blends containing macrophase‐separated layers of polystyrene. The mechanical properties of the blends were further examined with respect to the influence of the temperature and shear rate on the phase behavior of the blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Integrated geophysical and topographical investigation in the territory of Ancient Tarquinia (Viterbo, central Italy)
Authors: Piro S. , Peloso D. , Gabrielli R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an ongoing study of the territory of Ancient Tarquinia (Viterbo, central Italy). The work is part of the University of Milano's ‘Tarquinia Project’, which studies the monumental area of this territory with particular emphasis on the ‘Ara della Regina’ temple site.To enhance the knowledge of this territory, a scientific collaboration between the University of Milano (Department of Science of Antiquity) and the Institute of Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage (ITABC‐C.N.R.) was initiated in 2000 and is still in progress. The primary objective of the study was to determine the location and degree of conservation of unknown buried structures below the sites studied, using the integration of topographical surveys, three‐dimensional laser scanner surveys of the temple and ground‐based remote sensing surveys.The remote sensing surveys were carried out using the ground‐penetrating radar (GPR). The analysis of the GPR time‐slice maps indicates that some structural formations and walls of the buildings are still present below the surface. The results presented and discussed in this paper demonstrate the potential of both the topographical survey combined with the three‐dimensional laser scanner survey of the monument and the remote sensing technique for understanding of the presence and the extent of buried buildings with respect to the temple area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggregation Experiments on Fine Fly Ash Particles in a Gradient Magnetic Field
Authors: Li Y. W. , Zhao C. S. , Wu X. , Lu D. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAggregation experiments were conducted on two kinds of fly ash particles in the size range of 0.023–9.314 μm in a gradient magnetic field produced by permanent magnetic rings. The two types of fly ash particles were obtained from Dongsheng and Datong coal combustion. The effect of particle size, total particle mass concentration, particle residence time in the magnetic field and gas velocity were examined. Experimental results showed that the removal efficiencies in a gradient magnetic field are much higher than those in a uniform magnetic field. The total and single‐sized particle removal efficiencies can be improved by increasing the total particle mass concentrations and the particle residence time in the magnetic field or reducing the gas velocity. Mid‐sized particle removal efficiencies are higher than those of the larger and smaller ones. With the increase in total particle removal efficiencies, the particle size corresponding to the maximum values of single‐sized particle removal efficiencies and the particle number median diameters both decrease. Both the single‐sized and total removal efficiencies for the particles from the Dongsheng coal combustion are higher than those from the Datong coal combustion.
Kinetic Study of Nickel Oxide Reduction by Methane
Authors: Alizadeh R. , Jamshidi E. , Ale Ebrahim H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe reduction of the nickel oxide, NiO, by methane was investigated in this work. The thermogravimetric technique was used for the determination of kinetic parameters for the reaction. The reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 600–725 °C, at atmospheric pressure with porous pellets prepared from nickel oxide powder with a mean particle size of 0.026 μm. The conversion‐time data have been interpreted by using the grain model. Complete conversion can be achieved in 11 min at 725 °C, which is shorter than the time required by carbon, i.e., ca. 120 min at 1000 °C. This faster reduction in comparison with carbonthermal reduction is attributed to the high carbon activity in methane. For the first order reaction with respect to methane concentration, the activation energy is found to be 63.9 kcal/g mol.
NUO+, a New Species Isoelectronic to the Uranyl Dication UO
Authors: Heinemann Christoph , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe nitridooxouranium cation NUO+ has been prepared as a new isoelectronic homologue to the uranyl dication UO+ by a sequence of ionmolecule reactions starting from the atomic uranium cation U+. Collision‐induced dissociation experiments and ligand‐exchange reactions serve to unambiguously identify the ion as a species in which the uranium cation is formally inserted in the NO molecule. New thermochemical data for NUO+ and UN+ are given, and the stability of NUO+ with respect to UO+ is investigated by means of quasi‐relativistic density‐functional calculations.
Characterisation of the Intermediate C2H4…︁Cl2 in a Gaseous Mixture of Ethene and Chlorine by Rotational Spectroscopy: A Weak π‐Type Complex
Authors: Bloemink Hannelore I. , Hinds Kelvin , Legon Anthony C. , Thorn Joanna C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA complex of ethene and Cl2 has been characterised in the gas phase. Rotational spectra of the isotopomers C2H4…35Cl2, C2H4…35Cl37Cl and C2H4…37Cl35Cl were recorded by using a fast‐mixing nozzle in an FT microwave spectrometer. Rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants and Cl nuclear quadrupole coupling constants. χgg (Cl) are reported in each case. The complex is of the π‐donor–acceptor type and has a C2v geometry in which Cl2 lies along the C2 axis perpendicular to the plane of the C2H4 nuclei. The binding is weak, and only small changes in the χgg (Cl) attend complex formation. A simple model attributes these changes to a transfer of around 0.02e from the inner to the outer Cl nucleus, thus confirming that the complex is of the Mulliken outer type. Similarities in the properties of C2H4… Cl2 and C2H4… HCl indicate that the angular geometry is in both cases determined mainly by the electrostatic part of the interaction. The distance from the π‐bond midpoint to Cl decreases from C2H4… HCl to C2H4… Cl2; this suggests that Cl2 is “snub‐nosed”.
Intrazeolitic Reaction between Transition Metal Ions and Open or Closed Polyamine Ligands
Authors: de Vos Dirk E. , Vanoppen Dominic L. , Li Xiao‐Yuan , Libbrecht Steven , Bruynseraede Yvan , Knops‐Gerrits Peter‐Paul , Jacobs Pierre A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntrazeolitic transition metals, such as Ni2+ and Co2+, were chelated by open or closed, tetra‐ or pentadentate polyamine ligands. Their coordination and redox chemistry was studied by IR‐Raman, EPR, diffuse reflectance, and magnetic techniques. For pseudo‐octahedral complexes with tetradentate ligands, the presence of the zeolite favors cis coordination over the trans form. This is explained by the very low tendency of the zeolite surface to bind as a monodentate ligand to a planar metal complex. However, if trans complexes are formed (as with Ni2+), the axial positions on the complex are available for ligand exchange. Such intracrystalline complex syntheses result in the formation of new redox solids. For example, [CoII‐(cyclam)]2+‐NaY (cyclam = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) is a reversible, high‐affinity (p1/2<1 mbar) and high‐capacity (>90 μmol g−1) dioxygen‐sorbing material.
The Photoisomerisation Reactions of the Cluster [Os3(CO)9(μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐C6H6)] and Some of its Derivatives
Authors: Johnson Brian F. G. , Nairn Jacqueline G. M. , Brown David B. , Lewis Jack , Gallop Mark , Parker David G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe highly efficient photoinduced isomerisation of [Os3(CO)9(μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐C6H6)] (1) to the previously characterised μ3‐benzyne complex [H2Os3(CO)9(μ3‐η2:η1:η1‐C6H4)] (2) is described. We find that for the more electron‐rich clusters [Os3(CO)9‐n(PPh3)n(μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐C6H6)] (n = 1 or 2) the efficiency of the photolytic process is improved. We suggest that photolysis generates a vacant site at osmium (mimicking the inherent coordinative unsaturation of a metal complex) and that this transformation offers a compelling model for the interconversion of associatively and dissociatively chemisorbed benzene. Moreover, we can fine‐tune our molecular “work function” (really the separation of HOMO/LUMO energies) by protonation or by phosphine substitution for CO at the metal. Thus, the cation [HOs3(CO)9(μ3‐η2:η2:η2‐C6H6)]+ does not undergo internal metalation, while photoisomerisation of the electron‐rich phosphine derivatives proceeds more readily than for 1. We find that these photolytic reactions are easily monitored by IR spectroscopy for samples suspended in polymethylmethacrylate films under ambient conditions. This method permits “matrix isolation” experiments under ideal conditions. Finally, we speculate that the mechanism of interconversion almost certainly involves the symmetric cleavage of a OsOs bond (σ‐σ* transition) to produce an extremely reactive diradical intermediate.
The Systematic Definition of Organic Reactions
Authors: Hendrickson James B. , Sander Thomas L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA logical system is presented to describe organic reactions. It is based on the net structural change in a reaction, rather than on substructure searching. This system rigorously provides a place for any reaction. It is very simple to use by hand, but, since it is also numerical, it provides a basis for organizing and retrieving reactions in a database by computer. The effectiveness of a program, COGNOS, written to implement and test the system on a large database, lends confidence in this logic for organizing reactions.
Total Synthesis of Balanol and Designed Analogues
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Koide Kazunori , Bunnage Mark E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe total synthesis of balanol, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor isolated from the fungus Verticillium balanoides, is described. The hexahydroazepine fragment was prepared from D‐serine through a sequence of reactions including the diastereoselective allylboration of a derived amino aldehyde and a base‐induced 7‐exo‐tet ring closure as key steps. The benzophenone fragment was secured through the initial coupling of the two functionalised aromatic components through an ester linkage, followed by intramolecular nucleophilic attack of an aryl lithium derivative to form the desired ketone bridge. After coupling of the two balanol domains, the adoption of benzylderived protecting groups for the latent functionalities then allowed the liberation of balanol in a single step by catalytic hydrogenolysis. Finally, the newly developed synthetic strategy was applied to the synthesis of a variety of designed balanol analogues for biological evaluation.