bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architectural-IT and Educational Curriculumns – A European Overview
Authors: Pentillä Hannu 
Published: May 2006

The paper summarizes the analysis of data on european architecture schools, collected in the eCAADe-conferences during the 1990s. Computer-Aided Design has developed into architectural information and communication technology (ICT), to become commonplace in architectural education. However, the general held views on new media use in the schools seems to be slightly optimistic. On the other hand, the invisible more common ICT use (writing, surfing, emailing) accounts for a lot more of the volume of activity than generally appreciated. The major hardware platform in european architecture schools is PC/Windows (90–95%) with Linux and Unix commonly used in servers (25–35%). Macintoshes are also widely used (50–55%). MS Office (90–95%) and PhotoShop (85–90%), are used widely in the schools. The Graphic and DTP tools PageMaker, QuarkXpress, Illustrator, Freehand are also common (30–50%). AutoCAD is the market leader in CAD platforms (80–90%), followed by ArchiCAD. MicroStation/Bentley also has a significant presence in the schools (35–40%). 3DStudio is the most common 3D-modelling tool (80–85%), followed by formZ (35–40%). Less common (15–25%) are Rhino, Maya, Alias, Lightscape and Radiance.
Credibility and credibility work in knowledge transfer
Authors: Jacobson Nora , Goering Paula 
Published: May 2006

English
This study explores the dimensions and attributes of credibility in knowledge transfer. It finds that there are four dimensions: ‘scientific credibility’, expertise, authority and stance. Credibility is characterised by several attributes: it is transferable; it is context-dependent; and it is subject to constant assessment. The notion of ‘credibility work’ describes the ways in which credibility in knowledge transfer is not an inherent or static characteristic of persons, but rather an achieved and actively constructed result of specific actions taken by knowledge producers and knowledge users in their social contexts. Many knowledge transfer practices can be framed as credibility work.
Alterations in anti-oxidative defence enzymes in erythrocytes from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) and familial ALS patients
Authors: Nikolić-Kokić Aleksandra , Stević Zorica , Blagojević Duško , Davidović Biljana , Jones David R. , Spasić Mihajlo B. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Wetland restoration in Central Europe: aims and methods
Authors: Pfadenhauer Jörg , Grootjans Ab 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. Wetlands have always been of particular significance for mankind. While originally attractive as hunting grounds, they were later cultivated and modified from sinks into sources. Today, great efforts are being made to restore disturbed or destroyed wetland areas.Different models and goals for wetland restoration exist. From a global point of view, reduction of climatically relevant trace gas emissions is relevant, especially in the case of fens. Regionally and locally, the creation of retention basins for water and compounds or the establishment of characteristic fen species and communities may have high priority. In order to avoid goal conflicts, nature development plans are required which consider not just the wetland to be restored, but the entire catchment area. Such plans should include spatially and temporally differentiated recommendations for implementation of restoration measures and a proper land use system. When it comes to defining concrete aims, the participation of local people should be encouraged.Rewetting and oligotrophication are the most common approaches to boost biodiversity in fen ecosystems in Central and Western Europe. Rewetting includes both quantitative and qualitative aspects, requiring quantitative hydrological models and chemical analyses of the groundwater in the region. In addition, re‐introduction of species is often necessary, at least in heavily fragmented cultural landscapes. Transfer of hay from donor areas to severely damaged, seed‐depleted peatland to restore fen meadows, was successful. However, despite short‐term successes, complete restoration of wetland areas requires a long period of time.
Population dynamics of Gentiana pneumonanthe and Rhynchospora fusca during wet heathland restoration
Authors: Kesel Raimund , Urban Katharina 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. The population dynamics and reproductive strategies of two rare wet heathland species, Gentiana pneumonanthe and Rhynchospora, were studied in experimental permanent plots in a wet heathland near Bremen, NW Germany, to assess how effective sod cutting and mowing are in promoting these species. In one experiment, small plots (0.25 m2 ‐ 4 m2) were sod‐cut or mown; in the second, one large plot 30 mx 50m) was sod‐cut. The development of the vegetation and the number of shoots of the two target species were recorded annually.Sod cutting lead to the highest shoot numbers of Gentiana in the long run, whilst mowing was more effective at the beginning of the experiment. Seedlings and adult shoots slowly became more and more abundant after sod cutting. In contrast, Rhynchospora soon formed closed stands after sod‐cutting, first through seed germination and then through fast clonal growth of the established individuals. Moist soil or short inundations promoted the germination and seedling establishment of Gentiana, whereas drought negatively affected seedling recruitment. Long periods of inundation severely reduced the population at first, but high numbers of seedlings were found in the following growing season. For the disturbance‐dependent Gentiana and Rhynchospora, the availability of gaps within the vegetation is of crucial importance. To promote existing populations, we suggest small‐scale sod cuttings which create gaps without disturbing existing flowering individuals too much. For degenerated stands of wet heathland we recommend large‐scale sod cutting to activate the seed bank. Additionally, seed introduction may be helpful to encourage the development of a wet heathland with characteristic floristic composition.
Restoration of the understorey layer of recent forest bordering ancient forest
Authors: Bossuyt Beatrijs , Hermy Martin 
Published: May 2006

Abstract.Recently established forests are commonly characterized by an impoverished understorey. Restoration is mostly based on spontaneous secondary succession, but little is known about the time period needed to achieve a community species pool with species composition equal to that of ancient forests.Vegetation in transects of 197 plots in 13 recent forest stands contiguous to the Meerdaalwoud ancient forest complex was surveyed. The recent forest stands ranged in age from 36 to 132 yr. The community species pool was described with an ecological, functional and phytosociological approach and based on groups derived from a CCA. Differences in community species pool between age classes of recent forest stands were analysed.During establishment of a new forest competitive species, forest edge species and species with high Ellenberg values for light and nitrogen and a more persistent seed bank will dominate the understorey. After 90 yr of succession the cover by these species decreases and reaches equal values to ancient forest after ca. 105 yr. A large number of forest species will be able to colonize the forest in less than 90 yr. Some typical forest species, however, have very low colonization rates and still have low cover in recent forest more than 105 yr old, so that complete restoration of the understorey requires a time period of over a century. Anthropogenic introduction of forest plant species may reduce the time required for ancient forest vegetation equality.
The influence of different grazing regimes on Phragmites‐ and shrub vegetation in the well‐drained zone of a eutrophic wetland
Authors: Vulink J. Theo , Drost Hans J. , Jans Luc 
Published: May 2006

Abstract. The effects of grazing by cattle and horses on vegetation development were studied in the well‐drained border zone of the Oostvaardersplassen nature reserve, a managed eutrophic wetland in the young Zuidelijk Flevoland polder in The Netherlands.At the start of the study period, 12 yr after the area was enclosed by dykes, the vegetation was dominated by Phragmites australis and tall herbs, particularly Cirsium arvense. Over the next 8 yr, different plant communities developed under different grazing regimes. In all communities, C. arvense was gradually replaced by Urtica dioica, and stands dominated by these two species expanded at the expense of P. australis. The shrub Sambucus nigra invaded the stands of C. arvense and U. dioica.Grazing affected the rate of these developments and the degree to which the grass Poa trivialis became dominant. When cattle were enclosed at a relatively high stocking rate in an area of Phragmites australis and tall herbaceous vegetation during summer, P. trivialis became dominant within 4 yr. The introduction of herbivores led to a faster spread of S. nigra, which contains cyanogenic glycosides which only ruminants can detoxify. Horses, as hind‐gut fermenters, did not feed on S. nigra.Grazing pressure and herbivore species, therefore, are two important variables that can be used to manage the development of Phragmites‐ and shrub vegetation: the greater the grazing pressure by cattle or horses the greater the area dominated by grasses, and a relatively high grazing pressure by cattle will retard S. nigra expansion.
pH‐sensitive flocculation: Settling rates and sediment densities
Authors: Franks George V. , Sepulveda Carola V. , Jameson Graeme J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe polyelectrolytes chitosan and polyacrylic acid have been used to flocculate alumina, silica, and zircon suspensions. The flocculant concentrations and pH were such as to cause attractive interaction forces between particles, resulting in rapid sedimentation. Initial settling rates were typically on the order of 0.1 to 5 m/hr. After the formation of a sediment bed, the pH was changed to establish repulsive forces between the particles; additional sediment consolidation was seen to occur. By creating repulsion between the particles in the sediment, the volume of sediments could be reduced by between 10 to 50% compared to attractive flocculation only. For each case, increasing the molecular weight of the flocculant increased the settling rate and improved the supernatant clarity, but decreased the density of sediments. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Visualizing linguistic and cultural differences using Web co‐link data
Authors: Vaughan Liwen 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe study examined Web co‐links to Canadian university Web sites. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to analyze and visualize co‐link data as was done in co‐citation analysis. Co‐link data were collected in ways that would reflect three different views, the global view, the French Canada view, and the English Canada view. Mapping results of the three data sets accurately reflected the ways Canadians see the universities and clearly showed the linguistic and cultural differences within Canadian society. This shows that Web co‐linking is not a random phenomenon and that co‐link data contain useful information for Web data mining. It is proposed that the method developed in the study can be applied to other contexts such as analyzing relationships of different organizations or countries. This kind of research is promising because of the dynamics and the diversity of the Web.
N1‐allyl‐3‐substituted‐6,7‐dimethyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐quinoxalinone as key intermediate for new acyclonucleosides and their regioisomer O‐analogues
Authors: Ali Ibrahim A. I. , Fathalla Walid 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe key intermediates allyloxyquinoxaline 2a–c and N‐allylquinoxaline 3a–c were used to synthesize a number of acyclonucleosides whose chemical modifications include quinoxaline ring and the acyclic part is either N1‐propanediol or 3‐hydroxy‐ propyl substituents and their O‐analogues. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, MALDI MS, and NMR data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:280–288, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20203
Spatial learning induces presynaptic structural remodeling in the hippocampal mossy fiber system of two rat strains
Authors: Holahan Matthew R. , Rekart Jerome L. , Sandoval Jimena , Routtenberg Aryeh 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHebb (1949) proposed that after learning both presynaptic and postsynaptic structural changes form the neural substrate oflong‐lasting memory. Despite this, there are few instances linking presynaptic remodeling with learning. Here the authors demonstrate in two different rat strains that learning the location of a hidden platform induces expansion of the presynaptic hippocampal mossy fiber terminal field (MFTF) from the stratum lucidum to the distal stratum oriens (dSO). Prior to any training, Long Evans rats (LER) showed an extensive endogenous MFTF innervation of DSO, in contrast to Wistar rats (WR) that showed minimal innervation. LER showed better recall than WR on the hidden platform water maze task and a visible reversal water maze task. In both strains, significant MFTF expansion to dSO, spanning approximately 200 μm, was detected 7 days after training on the hidden platform task, but only LER showed significant MFTF expansion 24 h after training. It is attractive to think that the MFTF expansion to dSO contributes both to long‐lasting memory formation and to facilitating spatial navigation strategies. The present results establish learning‐induced axonal remodeling of the hippocampal MF system in adult rats as an especially useful system for exploring presynaptic morphological adjustments consequent to learning. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison between polyaniline‐phosphate and polypyrrole‐phosphate composite coatings for mild steel corrosion protection
Authors: Hosseini M. G. , Sabouri M. , Shahrabi T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPolyaniline, polypyrrole and their composites have been deposited on mild steel electrode from aqueous oxalic acid solution by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The resulting coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis. The protective performance against corrosion of these coatings is evaluated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique in corrosive solution (3.5% NaCl). Impedance data indicates a noticeable enhancement of protection against corrosion processes. Also, comparison of polyaniline‐phosphate and polypyrrole‐phosphate coatings indicates better corrosion protection with polyaniline‐phosphate coatings.
Complete 1H‐ and 13C NMR assignments of saponins from roots of Gypsophila trichotoma Wend.
Authors: Gevrenova Reneta , Voutquenne‐Nazabadioko Laurence , Harakat Dominique , Prost Elise , Henry Max 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of two new aminoacyl triterpene saponins from roots of Gypsophila trichotoma Wend. are reported. In addition to 1D NMR methods, 2D NMR techniques (COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC, HMBC, and HSQC–TOCSY) were used for the assignments. The structures were completed by analysis of HR‐ESI‐MS and ESI‐MSn. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of prostate metabolites using 1H HR‐MAS spectroscopy
Authors: Swanson Mark G. , Zektzer Andrew S. , Tabatabai Z. Laura , Simko Jeffry , Jarso Samson , Keshari Kayvan R. , Schmitt Lars , Carroll Peter R. , Shinohara Katsuto , Vigneron Daniel B. , Kurhanewicz John 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA method was developed to quantify prostate metabolite concentrations using 1H high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) spectroscopy. T1 and T2 relaxation times (in milliseconds) were determined for the major prostate metabolites and an internal TSP standard, and used to optimize the acquisition and repetition times (TRs) at 11.7 T. At 1°C, polyamines (PAs; T1mean = 100 ± 13, T2mean = 30.8 ± 7.4) and citrate (Cit; T1mean = 237 ± 39, T2mean = 68.1 ± 8.2) demonstrated the shortest relaxation times, while taurine (Tau; T1mean = 636 ± 78, T2mean = 331 ± 71) and choline (Cho; T1mean = 608 ± 60, T2mean = 393 ± 81) demonstrated the longest relaxation times. Millimolal metabolite concentrations were calculated for 60 postsurgical tissues using metabolite and TSP peak areas, and the mass of tissue and TSP. Phosphocholine plus glycerophosphocholine (PC+GPC), total choline (tCho), lactate (Lac), and alanine (Ala) concentrations were higher in prostate cancer ([PC+GPC]mean = 9.34 ± 6.43, [tCho]mean = 13.8 ± 7.4, [Lac]mean = 69.8 ± 27.1, [Ala]mean = 12.6 ± 6.8) than in healthy glandular ([PC+GPC]mean = 3.55 ± 1.53, P < 0.01; [tCho]mean = 7.06 ± 2.36, P < 0.01; [Lac]mean = 46.5 ± 17.4, P < 0.01; [Ala]mean = 8.63 ± 4.91, P = 0.051) and healthy stromal tissues ([PC+GPC]mean = 4.34 ± 2.46, P < 0.01; [tCho]mean = 7.04 ± 3.10, P < 0.01; [Lac]mean = 45.1 ± 18.6, P < 0.01; [Ala]mean = 6.80 ± 2.95, P < 0.01), while Cit and PA concentrations were significantly higher in healthy glandular tissues ([Cit]mean = 43.1 ± 21.2, [PAs]mean = 18.5 ± 15.6) than in healthy stromal ([Cit]mean = 16.1 ± 5.6, P < 0.01; [PAs]mean = 3.15 ± 1.81, P < 0.01) and prostate cancer tissues ([Cit]mean = 19.6 ± 12.7, P < 0.01; [PAs]mean = 5.28 ± 5.44, P < 0.01). Serial spectra acquired over 12 hr indicated that the degradation of Cho‐containing metabolites was minimized by acquiring HR‐MAS data at 1°C compared to 20°C. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time use and daily activities in people with persistent mental illness
Authors: Leufstadius Christel , Erlandsson Lena‐Karin , Eklund Mona 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate time use in work/education, self‐care/self‐maintenance, play/leisure, rest/relaxation, and sleep in people with persistent mental illness. A further aim was to investigate how time use in the daily activities was associated with health‐related variables and social interaction. The study comprised 103 participants with a diagnosis of persistent mental illness who completed self‐ratings and interviews in order to assess (1) time use of activities during one 24‐hour day, (2) social interaction and (3) health‐related factors. The major results indicated that the total time in activity (TTA) and the time spent on work/education and sleep seemed to be related to the majority of the target variables. Four groups of daily rhythm were identified and the daily rhythm groups differed concerning perceived mastery and social interaction. Although the results of this study were statistically significant they did not indicate clinical significance. Therefore, the assumption that there is a relationship between occupation and well‐being could not be clearly verified. This study had a cross‐sectional design based on a one‐time measure, which is an important limitation for the validity of the study. Furthermore, no Bonferroni corrections were made for mass significance and some of the findings would have disappeared if such corrections had been made. More studies concerning time use in daily activities, and daily rhythm in relation to health and well‐being are needed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor in childhood: The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital experience
Authors: Saab Raya , Khoury Joseph D. , Krasin Matthew , Davidoff Andrew M. , Navid Fariba 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundDesmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, primarily intra‐abdominal tumor that has a poor outcome with current therapies.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed patient characteristics, presenting symptoms, tumor pathology, treatment, and outcome of 11 pediatric patients with DSRCT at our institution.ResultsThe cohort included 1 female and 10 male patients. Median age at diagnosis was 14 years (range 5–21 years). In eight (73%) patients, the primary tumor was abdominal or pelvic, and in one patient each, it was submental, mediastinal, and paratesticular. Nine (82%) patients had metastatic disease. All tumors showed polyphenotypic differentiation by immunohistochemistry. The EWS‐WT1 transcript was detected in six of seven tumors tested. One tumor showed rhabdomyoblastic differentiation after therapy. All patients received chemotherapy; eight underwent surgical resection, seven received primary site radiation, and four received myeloablative chemotherapy with stem‐cell support. Three (27%) patients are alive 23 months, 8 years, and 10 years from diagnosis. Two died of treatment‐related toxicity, six died of disease. None of the patients in whom surgery and initial chemotherapy failed to induce complete remission survived.ConclusionsDSRCT is an aggressive malignancy that does not respond well to contemporary treatments, and patients who do not enter complete remission after initial chemotherapy and surgery appear to have a particularly dismal outcome. Patients with localized extra‐abdominal disease have a better prognosis, most likely due to increased feasibility of resection. Better understanding of molecular and genetic mechanisms of tumorigenesis and treatment‐related changes may contribute to development of more effective therapy for DSRCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:274–279. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of new polymeric ionic liquid microgels
Authors: Marcilla Rebeca , Sanchez‐Paniagua Marta , Lopez‐Ruiz Beatriz , Lopez‐Cabarcos Enrique , Ochoteco Estibalitz , Grande Hans , Mecerreyes David 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA new two‐step route toward the synthesis of polymeric ionic liquid microgel particles is presented. In the first step, hydrophilic microparticles were prepared by the concentrated emulsion polymerization of the ionic liquid 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide in the presence of small amounts ofN,N‐dimethylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. In the second step, the bromide anion was exchanged in water with different anions such as BF, CF3SO, (CF3SO2)2N−, (CF3CF2SO2)2N−, and dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and this resulted in the coagulation of the microparticles, which were easily recovered by filtration. The obtained polymeric ionic liquid microparticles could be swollen in a very broad range of organic solvents, including apolar organic solvents. As an application, glucose oxidase was encapsulated inside polymeric ionic liquid microparticles, which were used in an amperometric biosensor. The response of the biosensor showed excellent values that strongly depended on the nature of the polymeric ionic liquid counteranion in the order of Br−> BF> (CF3SO2)2N−. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3958–3965, 2006
Electrical characteristics and thermal stability of Ti contact to p‐GaN
Authors: Tan C. K. , Aziz A. Abdul , Hassan Z. , Yam F. K. , Hudeish A. Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Schottky barrier height (SBH), ΦB of the diodes were characterized by I‐V‐T method (energy activation plot and modified Norde plot) in the range of 300 K‐373 K ambient for various annealing temperatures (500‐1000 °C) in N2 gas flow. The ratio of kT E oo ≈ 1, large A **and large deviation of X from general value indicate that the mixed thermionic emission with thermionic field emission are most possible to be occurred as current transport mechanism. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)