bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of mesenchymal stem cells to enhance bone formation around revision hip replacements
Authors: Korda Michelle , Blunn Gordon , Goodship Allen , Hua Jia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTissue engineering approaches to regenerate bone stock in revision total hip replacements could enhance the longevity of the implant and benefit the quality of the patient's life. This study investigated the impaction of allograft with mesenchymal stem cells in an ovine hip hemiarthroplasty model. In total, 10 sheep were divided into two groups with 5 sheep in each group. The groups were: 1) mesenchymal stem cells mixed with allograft; 2) allograft only as a control. Ground reaction force was assessed for limb function and showed that there was no significant difference in the recovery for animals in different groups. The amount of bone regenerated around the hip replacement was assessed using un‐decalcified histology. The results showed that the stem cell group generated significantly more new bone at the implant–allograft interface and within the graft than the control group. The results from this study indicate that the use of stem cells on an allograft scaffold increases bone formation indicating that the use of stem cells for revision hip arthroplasty may be beneficial for patients undergoing revision surgery where the bone stock is compromised. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:880–885, 2008
Expression of Etk/Bmx Tyrosine Kinase in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Linlang , Guo Ying , Xiao Sha 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundEpithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase (Etk), also known as bone marrow X kinase (Bmx) plays an important role in the growth, differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Etk/Bmx in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and correlated the expression with clinicopathological parameters.MethodsFifty‐seven cases of ICC were immunostained for Etk/Bmx, HCV NS5, PCNA, bcl‐2, and NF‐κB p65.ResultsEtk/Bmx expression was present in 19 (33.3%) of 57 ICC specimens and correlated with cell differentiation and survival rate but not closely with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. There was a significant difference of expression of either PCNA‐LI or Bcl‐2 between Etk/Bmx‐positive and ‐negative cases (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant association was found between Etk/Bmx expression and presence of HCV‐NS5 or NF‐κB p65.ConclusionsOur results indicate that Etk/Bmx may be involved in the development of ICC and be a predictor of poor prognosis for ICC. HCV infection and NF‐κB appears unrelated to Etk/Bmx expression. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:428–432. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Column temperature programming in enantioseparation of dihydropyrimidinone compounds using derivatized cellulose and amylose chiral stationary phases
Authors: Wang Fang , Yeung David , Han Jun , Semin David , McElvain James S. , Cheetham Janet 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report the application of column temperature programs as a tool to examine unusual temperature‐induced behaviors of polysaccharide chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Using dihydropyrimidinone (DHP) compounds as probes we observed the heating (10–50°C) and cooling (50–10°C) van't Hoff plots of retention factors and/or selectivities of DHP compounds were not superimposable on AD, IA, and AS‐H columns solvated with ethanol (EtOH)/n‐hexane (n‐Hex) mobile phases. The plots were not superimposable on AD, IB, and AS‐H columns solvated with 2‐propanol (2‐PrOH)/n‐Hex mobile phases. The thermally induced path‐dependant behaviors were caused by slow equilibration as evidenced by the disappearance of the hysteresis in the second heating to cooling cycle and in a cooling to heating cycle. From the step‐temperature program (10–50–10°C), only EtOH solvated AD and AS‐H phases showed the change of retention factors and/or selectivities with time while only 2‐PrOH solvated AS‐H phase showed similar behaviors.
Effects of solvent‐free microwave extraction on the chemical composition of essential oil of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi compared with the conventional production method
Authors: Riela Serena , Bruno Maurizio , Formisano Carmen , Rigano Daniela , Rosselli Sergio , Saladino Maria Luisa , Senatore Felice 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe essential oil of Calamintha nepeta has been obtained by solvent‐free microwave extraction (SFME) and by classical hydrodistillation (HD). A comparative qualitative‐quantitative study on the composition of the oils was carried out. A total of 38 compounds, constituting 97.6% of the oil, were identified in the oil obtained by SFME, whereas 46 compounds, representing 95.4% of the oil, were characterized in the HD oil. SFME‐distilled oil is richer in lightly oxygenated monoterpenes (LOM) than HD oil. It also has a higher amount of sesquiterpenes and a lower quantity of hydrocarbon monoterpenes. HD oil seems to be affected by chemical changes more than SFME oil.
Rapid prediction and optimization of concentration conditions for preparative fractions by solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Jin Yu , Xue Xing‐ya , Zhang Fei‐fang , Zhang Jing , Shi Hui , Xiao Yuan‐sheng , Ke Yan‐xiong , Liang Xin‐miao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSPE is an effective tool for concentrating preparative fractions isolated from a complex sample. To guarantee high efficiency and recovery of concentration, the concentration conditions could be optimized by predicting the breakthrough volume (VB). In this study, a method of predicting VB of unknown compounds in preparative fractions at any isocratic mobile phase composition with the analytical retention parameters a and c is described. The a and c values and the relationship between half peak width (W1/2) and retention time of a model analyte were measured using the analytical elution mode on an SPE column, and the VB and retention volume (VR) predicted with the a and c values were validated with breakthrough experiments. However, it is impossible to measure the a and c values of multiple compounds in a complex system directly on an SPE column with a low number of theoretical plates. The correlation of the a and c values between the SPE and analytical columns was developed so that the analytical data could be transferred to the SPE column. With the calculated a and c values, we could optimize the concentration conditions on the basis of the predicted VB and the volume of the preparative fraction.
Quantitative determination of amino acids in functional foods by microchip electrophoresis
Authors: Ueno Hiroko , Wang Jun , Kaji Noritada , Tokeshi Manabu , Baba Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMicrochip electrophoresis (MCE), a first‐generation micrototal analysis system, has emerged during the miniaturization phase of food analysis. Based on the micellar electrokinetic chromatography mode, a simple and fast MCE method with light emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detection was developed for quantitative analysis of amino acids in three different kinds of functional foods, viz. sports beverages, jelly‐form beverages, and tablet‐form functional foods. In contrast to the glass microchip, we improved the separation of amino acids on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chip by addition of cationic starch derivatives. 4‐Fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole, which has a short labeling time for amino acids, was used as the fluorescently labeled dye. This MCE method takes less than 10 min of total analysis time including sample preparation and analysis of amino acids in functional foods on a PMMA chip. The results show that this approach has the potential to be a fast and simple method for amino acid analysis in functional foods.
Conflicting epistemic cultures and obstacles for learning across communities of practice
Authors: Mørk Bjørn Erik , Aanestad Margunn , Hanseth Ole , Grisot Miria 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses the challenges that arise when knowledge production occurs in cross‐disciplinary settings. To date most studies on communities of practice have focused on knowledge production within communities of practice rather than across communities of practice. We analyse the various professional groups in a medical R&D department as a constellation of distinct, but interconnected communities of practice with different epistemic cultures. The medical R&D case is particularly interesting for this purpose, because it involved creating new cross‐disciplinary practices between different pre‐existing and well‐established communities of practice. In line with our focus on the challenges and processes involved in cross‐disciplinary knowledge production, we describe negotiations and tensions during the establishment of the department, as well as in day‐to‐day practice. In particular, we focus on how the ‘machineries of knowledge production’, that is, the actual mechanisms by which knowledge is pursued, are different across the various communities of practice. These machineries belong to different epistemic cultures on a national or even international scale, and thus every community of practice is part of a complex web of people, activities and material structures extending well beyond the immediate work context. This networked character of knowing in practice explain why learning on the system level of communities of practice can be challenging. It may lead to path‐dependent learning processes, and radical change can become limited if the knowledge required by new and different practices is incompatible with the existing stock of knowledge. Consequently, we suggest that the communities of practice approach could be enriched by looking at diversity and discontinuity in the epistemic cultures and networks that the different communities of practice are associated with. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cylindrical Micelles from the Self‐Assembly of Polyacrylonitrile‐Based Diblock Copolymers in Nonpolar Selective Solvents
Authors: Lazzari Massimo , Scalarone Dominique , Vazquez‐Vazquez Carlos , López‐Quintela M. Arturo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA series of polyacrylonitrile‐block‐polystyrene (PAN‐b‐PS) and polyacrylonitrile‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PAN‐b‐PMMA) diblock copolymers with PAN volume fraction up to 20% self‐assembles in nonpolar selective solvents to form cylindrical micelles with a PAN core, having contour length varying between less than 1 µm and tens of micrometers. Micelle characterization by differential light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry enabled to point out the role played by crystallinity during micellization, thence suggesting that the core crystallization force overcomes other factors governing self‐assembling processes.magnified image
Laser Induced Marking of Polymer Chains with Radical Spin Traps
Authors: Junkers Tanja , Wong Edgar H. H. , Szablan Zachary , Davis Thomas P. , Stenzel Martina H. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA pathway for marking of polymer chains with radical spin traps during pulsed laser polymerization in free radical polymerization is presented. By introducing a so‐called marker that forms a non‐propagating radical at (or shortly after) the incidence of a laser pulse, a polymer subdistribution is generated by specifically terminating propagating radicals via combination with such a marker radical. The generated polymer subdistribution can subsequently be imaged by modern soft‐ionization mass spectrometry. Herein, the general methodology of the method in which such marker is generated via reaction of an initiating radical with a nitrone is demonstrated on the examples of BA and VAc.magnified image
Microproteomics: Analysis of protein diversity in small samples
Authors: Gutstein Howard B. , Morris Jeffrey S. , Annangudi Suresh P. , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProteomics, the large‐scale study of protein expression in organisms, offers the potential to evaluate global changes in protein expression and their post‐translational modifications that take place in response to normal or pathological stimuli. One challenge has been the requirement for substantial amounts of tissue in order to perform comprehensive proteomic characterization. In heterogeneous tissues, such as brain, this has limited the application of proteomic methodologies. Efforts to adapt standard methods of tissue sampling, protein extraction, arraying, and identification are reviewed, with an emphasis on those appropriate to smaller samples ranging in size from several microliters down to single cells. The effects of miniaturization on these analyses are highlighted using neuroscience‐related examples, as are statistical issues unique to the high‐dimensional datasets generated by proteomic experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 27: 316–330, 2008
Characteristics of testicular dysgenesis syndrome and decreased expression of SRY and SOX9 in Frasier syndrome
Authors: Schumacher Valérie , Gueler Banu , Looijenga Leendert H.J. , Becker Jan Ulrich , Amann Kerstin , Engers Rainer , Dotsch Joerg , Stoop Hans , Schulz Wolfgang , Royer‐Pokora Brigitte 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFrasier syndrome (FS) is characterized by chronic renal failure in early adulthood, varying degrees of gonadal dysgenesis, and a high risk for gonadal germ cell malignancies, particularly gonadoblastoma. Although it is known to arise from heterozygous splice mutations in intron 9 of the Wilms' tumor gene 1 (WT1), the mechanisms by which these mutations result in gonadal dysgenesis in humans remain obscure. Here we show that a decrease in WT1 + KTS isoforms due to disruption of alternative splicing of the WT1 gene in a FS patient is associated with diminished expression of the transcription factors SRY and SOX9 in Sertoli cells. These findings provide the first confirmation in humans of the results obtained by others in mice. Consequently, Sertoli cells fail to form the specialized environment within the seminiferous tubules that normally houses developing germ cells. Thus, germ cells are unable to fully mature and are blocked at the spermatogonial–spermatocyte stage. Concomitantly, subpopulations of the malignant counterpart of primordial germ cells/gonocytes, the intratubular germ cell neoplasia unclassified type (ITGCN), are identified. Furthermore, dysregulated Leydig cells produce insufficient levels of testosterone, resulting in hypospadias. Collectively, the impaired spermatogenesis, hypospadias and ITGCN comprise part of the developmental disorder known as ‘testicular dysgenesis syndrome’ (TDS), which arises during early fetal life. The data presented here show that critical levels of WT1 + KTS, SRY and SOX9 are required for normal Sertoli cell maturation, and subsequent normal spermatogenesis. To further study the function of human Sertoli cells in the future, we have established a human cell line. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 1484–1494, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peaks and troughs—an exploration of patient perspectives of dangerous and severe personality disorder assessment (Peaks Unit, Rampton Hospital)
Authors: Maltman Lisa , Stacey Jacquie , Hamilton Laura 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRationale Although accessing user‐perspectives is a key National Health Service initiative, the literature reporting user's views of forensic services, particularly dangerous and severe personality disorder (DSPD) services, is in its infancy.Aim and Design This qualitative study applied thematic analysis to 12 semi‐structured interviews aimed to enhance professional understanding of how Peaks Unit treatment‐ward participants retrospectively perceive their experience of being admitted and assessed at the unit.Findings Reported themes include ‘fear’ associated with participants' personal safety concerns and apprehensions regarding inhumane treatment and prolonged detention. The local metaphor of the DSPD Unit as the ‘dark side’ exacerbated such fears. ‘Shock’ also emerged as a primary theme resulting from unexpected admissions, security measures and some staff responses. ‘Offering hope’ provided a further theme with many participants reporting a climate of therapeutic optimism within staff teams and ‘refreshing’ opportunities for change. Reservations were also expressed about the service potentially offering ‘false hope’. Several suggestions are proposed for future assessment strategy including escalating user‐involvement activity, managing expectations, promoting therapeutic optimism and helping patients to attain a realistic sense of hope in order to maximise therapeutic engagement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of social problem solving in improving social functioning in therapy for adults with personality disorder
Authors: McMurran Mary , Huband Nick , Duggan Conor 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives In a previous study, adults with personality disorder who were treated with psychoeducation and social problem‐solving therapy improved in social functioning.The purpose of this paper is to examine in more detail the role of social problem solving in effecting change in that study. The hypotheses are that there will be improvements in social problem solving after therapy, and that these improvements will predict change in social functioning.Design An examination of pre‐ to post‐intervention changes on a psychometric measure of social problem solving, and the relationship of change scores to improvements on a measure of social functioning.Method Data on 93 community‐dwelling adults with personality disorder who completed treatment were examined. Pre‐ and post‐treatment scores on the Social Problem Solving Inventory‐Revised (SPSI‐R) and the Social Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) were examined using repeated measures t‐tests. SPSI‐R scale change scores were examined in relation to their prediction of change on the SFQ in regression analyses.Results The mean pre‐ to post‐treatment changes were positive on all SPSI‐R scales and the SFQ. In regression analysis, after controlling for pre‐treatment SFQ scores, change on the SPSI‐R total score predicted change on the SFQ. Of the SPSI‐R subscales, change in Negative Problem Orientation (NPO) was the sole predictor of change on SFQ.Conclusions This study supports the hypothesis that, when social problem‐solving therapy for people with personality disorder works, it does so by improving their social problem‐solving ability. Specifically, social problem‐solving therapy may be effective by reducing NPO, and thereby improving social functioning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship of age to symptom severity, psychiatric comorbidity and health care utilization in persons with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Blum Nancee , Franklin Joann , Hansel Rebecca , McCormick Brett , St. John Don , Pfohl Bruce , Allen Jeff , Black Donald W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground The objective of the study was to test the association of age with symptom severity, frequency and pattern of psychiatric comorbidity, health care utilization and quality of life in subjects with borderline personality disorder (BPD).Methods The analysis is based on a sample of subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disroders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) BPD (n = 163) recruited for participation in a clinical trial at an academic medical center. The subjects were assessed using structured and semi‐structured instruments of known reliability.Results Tests of trend with age showed relationships with important variables assessing symptom severity, comorbidity, quality of life and health care utilization. As expected, younger subjects were less likely to be married, to be employed or to receive disability payments. The frequency of most lifetime comorbid Axis I disorders was not related to age, although posttraumatic stress disorder was more frequent in the 35‐ to 44‐year age group, and younger patients were more likely to have comorbid histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders. Baseline severity variables were mostly unrelated to age, with the exception of impulsivity, which was more common in younger patients, as were acts of deliberate self‐harm. As expected, older patients reported poorer quality of life in categories indicating worse health perception and greater pain levels, and tended to use more health care resources than younger patients.Conclusion Most characteristics of patients with BPD are unrelated to age, yet impulsivity and acts of deliberate self‐harm were less frequent in older patients. Expected age‐related changes, such as reports of worse physical health, greater pain levels and greater health care utilization, were observed in older subjects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of resorcinarene‐centered eight‐arm poly(ε‐caprolactone) stars catalyzed by yttrium complex
Authors: Gou Peng‐Fei , Zhu Wei‐Pu , Shen Zhi‐Quan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo novel multifunctional precursors with eight alcoholic hydroxyls were synthesized by derivatization of resorcinarene. Well‐defined eight‐arm star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)s (SPCLs) with reasonably narrow molecular weight distributions have been successfully prepared using the precursors as macro‐initiators and yttrium tris(2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenolate) [Y(DBMP)3] as catalyst at 40 °C. The molecular weight of SPCLs was characterized by end group 1H NMR analyses and size‐exclusion chromatography, which could be well controlled by the molar ratio of the monomer to the precursor. The polymerization is more controllable with the precursor holding longer hydrocarbon chains as R groups. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses suggested that the maximal melting point, the crystallization temperature, and the degree of crystallinities of SPCLs increased with the increasing of the molecular weight, and were significantly lower than that of the counterpart linear poly(ε‐caprolactone) (LPCL). Furthermore, polarized optical microscopy indicated that LPCL showed fast crystallization rate with apparent Maltese cross pattern, whereas SPCL exhibited irregular spherulite and apparently slower crystallization rate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2108–2118, 2008
Synthesis of novel branched ethylene/cyclopentene copolymers with only cis‐1,3‐enchained cyclopentene units using α‐diimine nickel(II) complexes in the presence of methylaluminoxane
Authors: Zou Hao , Zhu Fangming , Wu Qing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe copolymerization of ethylene with cyclopentene catalyzed by three α‐diimine nickel(II) complexes in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) was investigated. High‐molecular‐weight branched ethylene/cyclopentene copolymers with only cis‐1,3‐enchained cyclopentene units, which has not been reported previously, were obtained. The catalytic activity, cyclopentene incorporation, copolymer molecular weight, and molecular‐weight distribution could be controlled over a wide range through the variation of the catalyst structure and polymerization conditions, including cyclopentene concentration in the feed and polymerization temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 2186–2192, 2008