bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience with the portacath
Authors: Lambert Mark E. , Chadwick Gill A. , McMahon Ann , Scarffe J. Howard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty Portacaths have been inserted in patients undergoing prolonged outpatient chemotherapy, most for haematological disease. Twenty‐one are still working at a median duration of 12 months (range 1‐27) and a further 15 were functioning normally at the time of the patients death (median survival 6 months). Four functioning Portacaths have been removed, three suspected of causing septicaemia and one believed erroneously to have occluded.Ten have ceased to function and nine of these have been removed. The causes of these failures are nearly all avoidable and are discussed in detail; many occurred early in our experience. With careful attention to detail and with management by trained and interested staff, the Portacath is a safe and reliable device for intermittent vascular access.
Report of the third U.K. national meeting: East of Scotland and Newcastle lymphoma group
Authors: Leonard R. C. F. , Allan N. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt a meeting of the East of Scotland and Newcastle Lymphoma Group papers were presented from the major U.K. groups and from North America. The themes focused on the clinical management of poor prognosis non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the identification and treatment of bad risk Hodgkin's disease.
Rearranging antigen‐receptor genes in enriched reed‐sternberg cell fractions of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Cossman Jeffrey , Sundeen James , Uppenkamp Michael , Sussman Eileen , Wahl Larry , Coupland Robert , Lipford Edward , Raffeld Mark 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMolecular genetic analysis of rearranging antigen‐receptor genes in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas has revealed the clonality and lineage in the majority of cases. In an analogous approach, we sought to apply gene rearrangement analysis to Hodgkin's disease to understand better the clonality and origin of this disorder. However, the putative neoplastic cell of Hodgkin's disease, the Reed‐Sternberg cell and its variants, is extraordinarily rare in most cases of Hodgkin's disease. On the average, Reed‐Sternberg cells and variants represent 0.1 per cent of total cell suspensions of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. As this frequency is below the minimum threshold of sensitivity of the Southern blot assay, we attempted to enrich for Reed‐Sternberg cells before DNA extraction and analysis. Using either elutrition or Percoll density gradient centrifugation, we were able to enrich the percentage of Reed‐Sternberg cells and variants to above 1 per cent in five cases of nodular sclerosing Hodkin's disease. In three of these cases, immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were identified, but no T cell receptor gene rearrangements were seen. No rearrangements were detected in unseparated cells or in the Reed‐Sternberg cell‐depleted fractions. In addition, the L428 Hodgkin's disease cell line was found to have one rearranged and one deleted heavy‐chain gene, a rearranged β gene, a rearranged λ gene, and a single rearranged β allele. No rearrangements of the Tγ gene were found in L428. Taken together, these findings indicate that clonal cell populations are present in Hodgkin's disease and suggest the possibility of a clonally expanded lymphoid cell in this disorder.
Clonal antigen receptor gene rearrangements and epstein‐barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Weiss Lawrence M. , Warnke Roger A. , Sklar Jeffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an initial survey of 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease, tissues from one case of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, a recurrence with numerous Reed‐Sternberg cells, demonstrated faint heavy‐ and light‐chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Analysis of seven additional similar cases with extremely numerous Reed‐Sternberg cells revealed that six of these seven cases contained clonally rearranged heavy‐ or light‐chain genes. In addition, the original biopsy specimen from the index case (obtained two years prior to the recurrence) had the same pattern of rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes. In contrast, a germline configuration was observed for the β T cell receptor gene in all cases.These cases of Hodgkin's disease were also investigated for the presence of Epstein‐Barr viral (EBV) genomes by Southern and slot‐blot DNA hybridization analysis. Tissues from four of the 21 case studied showed evidence of EBV DNA sequences. Uninvolved lymphoid tissue from two of the positive cases failed to demonstrate viral DNA. To assess clonality of the cells containing the EBV genomes, the tissues positive for EBV DNA were also hybridized with a restriction fragment probe for the terminal sequences of the EBV genome. By this analysis three of the four cases demonstrated a clonal population of EBV‐infected cells.
A review and interpretation of cytogenetic abnormalities identified in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Cabanillas Fernando 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nature of the cell which gives origin to Hodgkin's disease remains unclear after years of intensive investigation. Cytogenetic data, which are very scarce in Hodgkin's disease, could contribute information which might help elucidate this problem. Review of our own data and others shows that the most frequent abnormalities in this disorder involve chromosomes 14q in 35 per cent of cases, 11q in 32 per cent, 6q in 32 per cent, and 8q in 18 per cent. The most common breakpoint in chromosome 14 occurred at 14q32 where the IgH chain genes reside thus suggesting that in these cases the cell of origin might be a B lymphocyte. The 11q and 6q structural abnormality have also been frequently seen in lymphoid disorders such as ALL and large cell lymphoma. Of interest also is the fact that in a certain type of childhood pre‐B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia which shows cytogenetic abnormalities on 11q23, aberrant myeloid and monocytic markers are seen. This suggests that in Hodgkin's disease a similar phenomenon might occur which could help to explain why the Reed‐Sternberg cell expresses myeloid‐monocytic antigens such as Leu M‐1.
The management of early‐stage aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Horwich A. , Catton C. N. , Quigley M. , Easton D. , Brada M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐one patients with stage I or II non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma of aggressive histological subtype were treated at The Royal Marsden Hospital between 1972 and 1984. The overall 5‐year survival probability was 69 per cent (60 per cent continuously relapse‐free). The 5‐year survival probability was 80 per cent for stage I disease and 55 per cent in stage II (p = 0.05). Survival was significantly higher in non‐bulky than bulky presentations (85 per cent versus 44 per cent at 5 years, p = 0.003). There was no significant 2‐year survival difference between those treated initially with chemotherapy and those treated with radiotherapy alone (65 per cent versus 83 per cent), however chemotherapy had been employed predominantly in patients with adverse presentations. The 2‐year survival in 41 patients treated initially with doxorubicin‐containing chemotherapy combinations was 76 per cent. Combined modality treatments should be considered especially in patients with stage II or bulky disease.
Severe lung toxicity with a weekly low dose chemotherapy regimen in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Quigley M. , Brada M. , Heron C. , Horwich A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNineteen patients in poor prognostic subgroups of aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were treated with weekly chemotherapy consisting of low dose mitoxantrone and cyclophosphamide alternating with bleomycin and vincristine together with continuous oral prednisolone. Six patients developed pneumonitis which was severe in five patients. This occurred at total bleomycin doses of < 50 U/m2 and cyclophosphamide < 1875 mg/m2. The 31 per cent incidence of pneumonitis following low dose bleomycin suggests an increased susceptibility to drug‐induced pulmonary damage in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Correlation between histology and immunophenotype in a series of 322 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Smith J. L. , Jones D. B. , Bell A. J. , Wright D. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms displaying a wide variation in cell morphology, histological patterns, immunological phenotype and prognosis. In this paper we compare the results of phenotypic investigation of 322 tissue biopsies with the histology based on the Kiel classification. Immunological analysis revealed that 81 per cent of these tumours were of B cell origin. 12 per cent of T cell origin and the remaining 7 per cent could not be characterized as representing either cell lineage. This last group included a number of cases which had received a histological diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma. The original morphological diagnosis, based on routine haematoxylin and eosion sections correlated with the immunologically determined phenotype in 86 and 93 per cent of the T‐ and B‐cell cases respectively. The B cell tumours were phenotypically heterogenous with respect to immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain and B lymphocyte subset marker expression. IgG was most often found associated with NHL of cb/cc histology and a small subgroup of lymphocytic NHL. IgA expression was uncommon and occurred in combination with IgD and G in three cases and alone in two cases of NHL. The most common immunoglobulin isotype expressed was IgM this isotype occurred with IgD most often in lymphocytic and centrocytic NHL and less often in tumours of cb/cc histology. Whilst greater than 90 per cent of the lymphocytic NHLs expressed the CD5 antigen, between 20 and 75 per cent of B‐cell tumours of other histologies also expressed this epitope. The CD10 antigen and the epitope recognized by the monoclonal reagent FMC7 were widely distributed on tumour cells from all histologies. TdT expression commonly regarded as a marker for immature cells was found in one case of follicle centre cell lymphoma. All cases of T cell NHL displayed marked heterogeneity for both pan T and T subset antigens which is significant in terms of the routine diagnosis of T NHL and with regard to the rational classification of node based T NHL. Unlike resting peripheral blood T cells, MHC class II, OKT 10 and CD25 epitopes were expressed reflecting activation of tumour populations.The cases in which a T‐ or B‐cell lineage was not determined in the initial biopsy were subsequently re‐examined in paraffin section using CD45R monoclonal reagents. These antibodies have been shown to assist the determination of cell lineage in paraffin section. Following this analysis five cases were shown to represent atypical Ig negative B cell lymphomas and three showed membrane positivity with T cell markers. Four cases remained unclassified and in these the original histological diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma would seem appropriate.
Failure of lithium to reduce period of neutropenia during induction therapy of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Scarffe J. Howard , Chang James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐four patients treated with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside and thioquanine for acute myeloid leukemia were randomly assigned to recieve oral lithium carbonate 1200 mg daily or no lithium. The duration of neutropenia (<0.5 × 109/L) was similar between controls (median 22.5 days) and patients treated with lithium (median 24 days). The number of remissions, relapse‐free survival and survival were similar for the lithium treated and control groups of patients. There was no apparent clinical efficacy in the use of lithium to reduce the period of neutropenia in patients undergoing remission induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia.
Lomustine, vindesine and bleomycin (LVB) used in the treatment of relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease. A prospective study on behalf of the east of Scotland and Newcastle lymphoma group (ESNLG)
Authors: Lennard A. L. , Proctor S. J. , Dawson A. A. , Allan N. C. , Prescott R. J. , Parker A. C. , Leonard R. C. F. , Angus B. , Dobson C. , Ritchie G. L. , Lucraft H. H. , Scott S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐three patients with relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease were treated with lomustine (CCNU), vindesine and bleomycin (LVB). Age range was 17–72 years, with 38 males and 25 females. Thirty patients achieved complete remission (CR) with a median duration of 24 + months (range 3–55). Nineteen continue in unmaintained CR. CR rates were highest for those patients who relapsed > 6 months after first line treatment and for those at second or subsequent relapse. CR rates were higher in those with nodal only relapse.Twenty‐seven patients were non‐responders and six were partial responders. These 33 patients were subsequently changed to alternative chemotherapeutic regimes and 26 failed to respond to any therapy and have since died. Only one patient is in unmaintained complete remission.The regimen was well tolerated by patients, and easy to administer. It produced no serious episodes of toxicity.We conclude that LVB is of value in the management of relapsed advanced Hodgkin's disease especially in chronic relapsing patients, and where relapse occurs > 6 months after first line treatment. We are presently unsure whether it offers any advantage over reintroduction of first line treatment in the latter group.
Morphological, immunophenotypical and isoenzymatic profiles of human leukemia cells and derived T‐cell lines
Authors: Drexler Hans G. , Minowada Jun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix monoclonal leukemia cell lines (MOLT 12‐17) were established from three patients with acute leukemia. Two of the patients' samples were of the T‐ALL type, the third had morphological, isoenzymatic and immunological features of AMoL. The cell lines resulting from these original cells displayed distinct, but stable marker profiles. A comparison between primary cells and resulting cell lines showed that the cell lines established from patients with T‐ALL (MOLT 12, 13, 14 and MOLT 16, 17) expressed similar phenotypes and isoenzyme patterns, but were different in a few specific aspects. The changes suggest a modulation of marker expression in vitro or an arrest at a more immature stage of differentiation than the original cells. The cell line MOLT 15 established from the case of AMoL exhibited a quite discordant profile when compared to the primary sample: the cells lacked all previously found myelomonocytic antigens and a monocyte‐specific esterase isoenzyme, but expressed the T‐cell associated CD7 antigen and had rearrangements and RNA transcripts of the T‐cell receptor β and γ chain genes. This striking discrepancy between the patient's malignant cells and the corresponding cell line suggests that subpopulation selection had occurred in culture.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in younger adults: A retrospective study of 133 cases
Authors: De Rossi Giulio , Mandelli Franco , Covelli Alfredo , Luciani Matteo , Martelli Maurizio , Resegotti Luigi , Alberti Antonio , Cajozzo Aurelio , Derriu Luigi , De Biasi Raffaele , Broccia Giorgio , Abbadessa Antonio , Caronia Francesco , Leone Pietro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClinical and biological data have been evaluated, using both univariate and Cox's multivariate statistical analyses, in a series of 133 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients with a mean age of 46.6 years (range 31‐50).In univariate analyses, anemia (Hb < 13 g/dl), peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytosis (> 40 × 109/1) and bone marrow (BM) lymphocytosis (> 80 per cent) were shown to be of significant prognostic value.Multivariate analysis, through a forward stepwise procedure, showed that the most important and independent variable is the BM lymphocytosis. These results are different from those obtained in previous studies and particularly in a recent identical study performed by the same Cooperative Group on 1777 patients with a mean age of 64.2 years (Mandelliet al., 1987).No significance can be demonstrated in stratifying this series of younger patients according to different staging methods (Raiet al., 1975; Binetet al., 1981b; Mandelliet al., 1987). Therefore this population of CLL patients, with less than 50 years of age, has risk factors quite different from classical CLL.The results of the present study show that the diagnostic approach to B‐CLL in younger adults must be more complete: using the common diagnostic criteria, established staging systems appear to be inadequate in this series of younger patients.
Leucocyte common antigen in the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Strauchen James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe utility of immunohistochemical staining for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) in the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was studied in a series of 42 cases of Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and compared with Leu M‐1, a proposed marker for Reed‐Sternberg cells. LCA staining of neoplastic cells was absent in 23 of 24 cases of Hodgkin's disease but present in 16 of 18 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma including eight of 10 cases with pleomorphic Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells. Leu M‐1, in contrast was present in 14 of 24 cases of Hodgkin's disease, but also in five of 18 cases of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma including five of 10 cases with pleomorphic Reed‐Sternberg‐like cells. Immunohistochemical staining for LCA appears useful in the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and appears to be a better discriminant than Leu M‐1.
Retrovirus‐associated adult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma: An epidemiologic study of five cases among Hawaii‐born offspring of migrant Japanese
Authors: Yanagihara Eugene T. , Nakamura Jeffrey , Kimura Lucille , Oishi Noboru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult T‐cell leukemia‐lymphoma (ATLL) is a distinct clinicopathologic entity etiologically linked to HTLV‐I infection. We have identified five cases of retrovirus‐associated ATLL among Hawaii‐born first generation offspring (nisei) of migrant Japanese. Four patients were offspring of migrant Japanese (issei) who emigrated to Hawaii from Okinawa, an HTLV‐I endemic area. The fifth patient was born of parents who emigrated to Hawaii from Fukushima and Miyagi prefectures, HTLV‐I nonendemic areas. Epidemiologic implications and family studies with regard to HTLV‐I antibody testing of the index cases are discussed. The high rate of HTLV‐I antibody seropositivity among family members and relatives indicates that the risk of acquiring HTLV‐I infection and of developing ATLL persists long after migration. Documentation of ATLL among offspring of Japanese immigrants to Hawaii is an important observation because it confirms the potential for long latency between putative exposure to virus and the development of overt disease. Changing marriage patterns among the Hawaii‐Japanese may weaken the risk of vertical virus transmission to the descendents of migrants from southern Japan, while increasing the risk to children born of mixed marriages. In addition, blood products derived from high‐risk donors will constitute a continuing hazard if they are not subject to screening.
Philadelphia chromosome without breakpoint cluster region rearrangement in a case of Lennert's lymphoma of suppressor phenotype
Authors: Terjanian Terenig , Blick Mark B. , Shtalrid Mordechai , Manning John T. , Trujillo Jose M. , Cabanillas Fernando 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 60‐year‐old woman presented with diffuse lymphadenopathy. Diagnostic and staging work‐up showed that the patient had diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma (diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma) with associated histiocytes (lymphoepithelioid cell lymphoma) by the Kiel classification system. Immunohistologic staining showed a T suppressor cell tumour phenotype. Cytogenetic studies revealed the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1). On DNA studies, the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) gene was not rearranged suggesting that the Ph1 involvement was not identical to that seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This case is presented because of the rarity of Ph1 in lymphoid malignancies, particularly in those of T‐cell origin, and because of its potentially adverse implications.
Identification of peanut agglutinin binding glycoproteins restricted to Hodgkin's disease‐derived cell lines
Authors: Flavell D. J. , Jones D. B. , Wright D. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeanut agglutinin (PNA) binding glycoproteins from four Hodgkin's desease (HD)‐derived cell lines and a variety of cell lines/peripheral blood cells representative of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages were identified by probing nitrocellulose membranes of SDS‐PAGE separated NP40 solubilized cellular glycoproteins with [125I]‐labelled PNA. The two Hodgkin's cell lines Ho and L428 demonstrated the most heterogeneous glycoprotein profiles each expressing 15 PNA binding glycoproteins, respectively. The two remaining Hodgkin's lines Co and L591 expressed only four glycoproteins each and these were all also commonly expressed by Ho and L428.Comparative analysis with all other cell types studied revealed the expression of five glycoproteins restricted to Ho (gp42, gp40, gp38, gp24 and gp22) and six restricted to L428 (gp180, gp75, gp40, gp38, gp24 and gp22). Four of these, gp40, gp38, gp24 and gp22 were commonly expressed by both Ho and L428. Of cell lines of myeloid lineage studied only the erythroleukemia cell line K562 expressed detectable glycoproteins also expressed by some of the Hodgkin's cell lines (gp 110, gp96, gp50 and gp45). Only one glycoprotein, gp20 expressed by Ho was also commonly expressed by normal peripheral blood granulocytes.This limited study has thus succeeded in demonstrating for the range of cell types studied, that some glycoproteins with terminal d‐galactose β (1 → 3) N‐acetyl galactosamine oligosaccharide sequences are apparently restricted to two of the HD cell lines. Moreover, the heterogeneous glycoprotein profiles obtained for the HD cell lines Ho and L428 suggests that galactosylation processes in these two cell lines is aberrant.
In vitro chemosensitivity testing of leukemic cells: Development of a semiautomated colorimetric assay
Authors: Bernabei Pietro Antonio , Santini Valeria , Silvestro Luigi , Pozzo Orietta Dal , Bezzini Roberto , Viano Ilario , Gattei Valter , Saccardi Riccardo , Ferrini Pierluigi Rossi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rapid chemosensitivity assay was developed, employing the human continuous leukemic cell lines HL 60, K 562, FLG 29.1. This automated colorimetric assay is based on the characteristic of viable, metabolically active cells to cleave p‐iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) into a red formazan derivative, whose optical density is readable at 492 nm by an automated microtiter‐plate reader photometer.A linear relationship was found between the viable cell number and the optical density of INT cleaved by the cellular samples. Dead cells did not reduce INT and did not interfere with the formazan derivative generation and the photometric reading.Leukemic cell lines were also tested for INT formazan derivative generation after exposure to antileukemic drugs at various concentrations, representative of plasma levels obtainable in vivo. A dose‐dependent inhibition was detected, with different sensitivity patterns, related both to the drugs and to the different cell lines. A significant correlation between the viable cell number and the amount of tetrazolium salt cleaved was also demonstrated after drug exposure. INT assay allows the processing of a great number of samples and gives the opportunity to screen several drugs, saving time and yielding fully reliable results.