bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMALISASI TANAMAN KAKAO DI DESA SELELOS KECAMATAN GANGGA KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA MELALUI PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT SERTA PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DARI LIMBAH KAKAOWISATA MATA AIR MEDJET DI DESA SELELOS KECEMATAMAN GANGGA KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Jannah Fista Fathul , Scabra Andre Rachmat , Mantika Ayu Aras , Fidhun Muhammad , Ummam Khatibul 
Published: March 2024

Pertanian merupakan penopang perekonomian masyarakat Kabupaten Lombok Utara dikarenakan sebagian besar penduduknya bekerja pada sector pertanian. Kegiatan KKN PMD Universitas Mataram berfokus di Desa Selelos Kecamatan Gangga dan merupakan salah satu desa yang sebagian besar masyarakatnya bekerja sebagai petani kakao. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk menjawab berbagai permasalahan terkait pengendalian hama dan penyakit pada tanaman kakao di Desa Selelos sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman kakao. Permasalahan yang telah dianalisis berupa minimnya kesadaran para petani kakao tentang pentingnya merawat dan menjaga tanaman kakao dengan melakukan berbagai GAP (Guaranteed Asset Protection) seperti pemangkasan, pemupukan, dan penyemperotan. Selain itu, limbah kulit kakao di kebun juga menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab penyebaran penyakit dan hama serta pencemaran linkungan. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa KKN Universitas Mataram adalah dengan melakukan pendampingan secara langsung kepada para petani bekerja sama dengan PT OFI (Olam Food Ingredients) serta mengelola limbah kulit kakao menjadi pupuk kompos yang dapat dimanfaatkan lagi oleh para petani. Dengan adanya kegiatan tersebut, masyarakat dapat lebih menjaga dan merawat tanaman kakao sehingga menghasilkan hasil panen yang maksimal. Untuk pupuk kompos dari limbah kulit kakao dapat digunakan kembali oleh para petani sehingga hasil kebun dapat dimafaatkam dengan semaksimal mungkin.
Uji Imunostimulan (Vitamin C, Probiotik)Terhadap Manajemen Kualitas Air Sawah Tambak Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Desa Deket Wetan Kecamatan Deket Kabupaten Lamongan
Authors: Hasim Mukhammad Nur , Prihatini Endah Sih , Laily Dona Wahyuning , Wajdi Farid , Wahyudi Tri , Suyoto Suyoto 
Published: March 2024

Peningkatan pertahanan tubuh terhadap serangan penyakit tidak hanya dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pakan dengan komposisi nutrisi yang seimbang, melainkan dapat juga disertai pemberian imunostimulan dalam pakan. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah (1) untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian parameter kualitas air untuk budidaya polikultur tradisional padi, udang dan ikan pada sawah tambak di desa Deket Wetan, Kecamatan Deket, Kabupaten Lamongan; (2) Menguji efektivitas beberapa immunotismulan yang tersedia di pasaran guna meningkatkan angka kehidupan udang. (3) Menemukan teknik aplikasi dan formulasi beberapa imunostimulan untuk meningkatkan angka kehidupan udang dan produktivitas lahan sawah tambakÂ secara berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian ini merupakan metode exsperimental yang dilakukan dalam peneliti termasuk alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur dan mengumpulkan dataÂ dilapangan pada saat melakukan penelitian. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tambak tradisional sebanyak 4 tambak dengan ukuran 1000m, pH, DO, Timbangan Digital. Adapun bahan yang di gunakan dalam penelitian adalah air tawar dan benur udang vanamei PL 12 dengan salinitas 0 dan pakan.Hasil penilitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter kualitas air yang di teliti yaitu parameter fisika dan kimia kimia parameter fisika (suhu, kecerahan) parameter kimia (pH, Nitrit,Nitrat, Amoniak, sulfat, phosfat) dari hasil kualitas air semua mumpuni baku mutu. Tetapi tidak berpengaruh dengan tingkat kelulusan hidup dan hasil uji imunotismulan yang menunjukan pertumbuhan yang sangat cepat pada stasiun dua dengan variable x2 probiotik dengan tingkat kelulusan hidup 13,5% dan berat per ekor 13,5g.
Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Pengolahan Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) Di Kecamatan Glagah Kabupaten Lamongan
Authors: Baihaqi Benny Sendi , Suyoto Suyoto , Masâ€™ud Faisol , Ristyana Bhiaztika , Qomariyah Nanuk 
Published: March 2024

Melimpahanya hasil produksi perikanan budidaya khususnya ikan bandeng di Kecamatan Glagah berbanding terbalik dengan sektor usaha pengolahannya begitu pula olahan ikan bandeng yang kurang berkembang, berdasarkan kondisi diatas maka penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan usaha pada pengolahan ikan bandeng. Metode penelitian secara kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan maksud untuk mendeskripsikan objek penelitian atupun hasil penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tempat usaha pengolahanÂ ikan bandeng yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Glagah Kabupaten Lamongan pada 15 Maret 2020 sampai 3 Mei 2020.Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan strategi pengembangan usaha pengolahan ikan bandeng dan mengetahui sikap masyarakat terhadap pengembangan usaha pengolahan ikan bandeng. Metode pengambilan sampelnya dengan metode sensus. Pengambilan sampel untuk analisis pengembangan usaha berjumlah 10 orang pemilik usaha pengolahan ikan bandeng di Kecamatan Glagah. Pengambilan sampel analisis sikap berjumlah 70 orang, yang diambil dari pembeli di tiap usaha pada 1 bulan. Hasil penelitiannya adalah sebagai berikut, hasil pembobotan pada faktor internal dengan bobot tertinggi dari kekuatan adalah bahan produk memiliki gizi, sedangkan hasil pembobotan dari kelemahan yang paling tinggi adalah sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai. Dan hasil pembobotoan pada faktor eksternal dengan bobot tertinggi dari peluang adalah kebijakan pemerintah mendorong mengkonsumsi ikan dan banyaknya distributor sedangkan hasil pembobotan tertinggi dari ancaman adalah kondisi perekonomian tidak stabil dan fluktuasi harga bahan baku. Matriks posisi berada pada posisi titik koordinat pada kuadran 1 yaitu pada Strategi Agresif (strategi SO), dimana usaha pengolahan ikan memiliki kekuatan dan peluang besar. Pada analisis sikap masyarakat pada produk, Â Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan Ao (sikap konsumen) secara keseluruhan yang paling tinggi adalah produk olahan ikan bandeng kerupuk di Desa Glagah dengan Ao = 66,7.
PEMBUATAN RENGGINANG SINGKONG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT (Ulva Lactuca)
Authors: Panjaitan Pola S.T , Adi Catur Pramono , Aripudin Aripudin , Suratna Suratna , Romawati Ida 
Published: March 2024

DalamÂ pembuatanÂ rengginang tidak ada penambahan zat gizi sehingga kandungan nutrisi di rengginang itu rendah, salahÂ satunya kandungan protein. Maka dari itu dengan adanya potensi rumput laut ulva lactuca dapatÂ dimanfaatkan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kandungan gizi protein rengginang singkong. Tujuan padaÂ penelitianÂ iniÂ yaitu:MengetahuiÂ caraÂ pembuatanÂ rengginangÂ singkongÂ denganÂ penambahanÂ tepungrumput laut ulva lactuca; Mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung rumput laut ulva lactuca terhadapÂ mutu hedonik rengginang singkong; dan Mengetahui pengaruh kandungan proksimat pada rengginangÂ singkongÂ dengan penambahan tepungÂ rumputÂ lautÂ ulvaÂ lactuca.F1 dengan penambahan tepung rumput lautÂ 10%, F2 dengan penambahan tepung rumput lautÂ 12,5%, dan F3 dengan penambahan tepung rumputÂ laut 15% pada parameter kenampakan, aroma, rasa dan tekstur. PadaÂ mutuÂ kimiaÂ perlakuan F1 dengan perlakuan F0 yang tidak ada penamabahan tepung rumput laut ulva lactucaÂ menunujukkan adanya penurunan kadar air sebesar 4,55% berarti pada perlakuan F1 telah memenuhiÂ StandarÂ mutuÂ BSNÂ 1999Â yaituÂ denganÂ kadarÂ airÂ maksimalÂ 11Â gÂ danÂ 1,47%Â kenaikanÂ kadarÂ proteinÂ padaÂ perlakuan F1. Dengan kadar air 10,14% dan kadar protein 1,47% pada perlakuan F1 yang berartiÂ perlakuanÂ F1Â telah memenuhiÂ standar BSN 1999Â yaitu denganÂ kadar proteinÂ maksimalÂ 6Â g.
Pengaruh Salinitas yang Berbeda terhadap Embriogenesis dan Daya Tetas Telur Ikan Nila Salin (Oreochromis niloticus) pada Bak Inkubator
Authors: Prihatini Endah Sih , Masâ€™ud Faisol , Shaleh Fuquh Rahmat , Saad, S.Pi.,M.Si Moch , Purnamasari Ika , Ali Mukti , Anam M. Khairul , Intasar Zahrul Arief 
Published: March 2024

Inkubator merupakan alat penetas telur ikan yang sudah sejak lama digunakan, aliran air yang dihasilkan di dalam inkubator terjadi upwelling air yang mengakibatkan telur ikan selalu bergerak dan terjadi oksigenasi.Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas berbeda terhadap embriogenesis, daya tetas dan survival rate ikan nila salin pada bak inkubator serta untuk mengetahui salinitas terbaik yang dapat menghasilkan daya tetas telur dan survival rate ikan nila. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi secara langsung dan dokumentasi. Observasi dilakukan dengan mengamati objek secara langsung apabila terjadi gejala-gejala pada subjek yang diteliti, observasi yang dilakukan yaitu proses embriogenesis, hatching rate dan survival rate. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan 4 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan diulangi 4 kali sehingga jumlah percobaan sebanyak 20 unit. Penempatan hewan uji coba ke dalam 5 perlakuan secara acak. Perlakuan A: salinitas 0 pptÂ Perlakuan B: salinitas 5 ppt, Perlakuan C : salinitas 10 ppt, Perlakuan D : salinitas 15 ppt, Perlakuan E : salinitas 20 ppt. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan analisis ANOVA atau uji F, dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan untuk mengetahui signifikansi pengaruh perlakuan. Perlakuan salinitas berbeda pada penetasan telur ikan nila salin memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap embriogenesis, daya tetas dan suvival rate telur ikan nila salin pada bak inkubator. Perlakuan dengan salinitas 0, 5 dan 10 ppt merupakan salinitas terbaik untuk menghasilkan daya tetas dan survival rate tertinggi telur ikan nila salin di bak inkubator.
Qualification and Experience on A 617 and C 263 Boiler Tubes
Authors: Schraven Patrik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
SMST is producing Ni alloy Boiler tubes since more than 10 years with application in several test loops and R&D programs. This paper will give an overview about the experience with the common grades A617 as well as C263 plus some additional information on the new developed austenitic material “Power Austenite MoW”.
Development and Trial Manufacturing of Ni-Base Alloys for Coal Fired Power Plant with Temperature Capability 800°C
Authors: Imano Shinya , Sato Naoya , Kamoshida Hironori 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Large scale components of the conventional 600°C class steam turbine were made of the ferritic steel, but the steam turbine plants with main steam temperatures of 700°C or above (A-USC) using the Ni-base superalloys are now being developed in order to further improve the thermal efficiency. The weight of the turbine rotor for the A-USC exceeds 10ton. A lot of high strength superalloys for aircraft engines or industrial gas turbines have been developed up to now. But it is difficult to manufacture the large-scale parts for the steam turbine plants using these conventional high strength superalloys because of their poor manufacturability. To improve high temperature strength without losing manufacturability of the large scale components for the A-USC steam turbine plants, we developed Ni-base superalloy USC800(Ni-23Co-18Cr-8W-4Al-0.1C [mass %]) which has temperature capability of 800°C with high manufacturability achieved by controlling microstructure stability and segregation property. The 700°C class A-USC materials are the mainstream of current development, and trial production of 10 ton-class forged parts has been reported. However, there have been no reports on the development and trial manufacturing of the A-USC materials with temperature capability of 800°C. In this report, results of trial manufacturing and its microstructure of the developed superalloy which has both temperature capability 800°C and good manufacturability are presented. The trial manufacturing of the large forging, boiler tubes and turbine blades using developed material were successfully achieved. According to short term creep tests of the large forging and the tube approximate 100,000h creep strength of developed material was estimated to be 270MPa at 700 °C and 100MPa at 800°C.
Microstructural Change after Long-Term Creep Exposure in High Cr Steel Forgings for Ultrasupercritical Steam Turbine Rotors
Authors: Mikami Masato , Sawada Kota , Kobayashi Satoru , Hara Toru , Kimura Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microstructural change of 10 % Cr steel trial forgings subjected to different heat treatment conditions which aim to improve the creep rupture strength and microstructural stability during creep was investigated. Creep rupture strength of the forging subjected to the quality heat treatment with the austenitizing temperature of 1090° C is higher than that of the forging solution treated at 1050°C, however, the difference of creep rupture strength is reduced in the long-term region around 40,000 h. Decrease in creep rupture ductility of the forging until 43,300 h is not observed. Progress of the martensite lath recovery in the forging solution-treated at 1090°C is slower than that in the forging austenitized at 1050°C. Higher temperature solution treatment suppresses the recovery of lath structures. Formations of Z-phase are found in the specimens creep-ruptured at 37,300 h in the forging solution-treated at 1050°C and at 43,400 h in the forging austenitized at 1090°C. Z-phase precipitation behavior in this steel is delayed in comparison with the boiler materials, regardless of austenitizing temperature.
Rotor Forgings for Steam Turbines with High Efficiency
Authors: Blaes N. , Donth B. , Diwo A. , Bokelmann D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The European Cost programmes have led to the development of improved creep resistant 9%-Cr-steels alloyed with boron, which are designed for turbine shafts subjected to steam temperatures up to 620°C. The production of forgings in steel Cost FB2 for application in power plants has commenced. Production experience and results are presented in the paper. Beyond that, Saarschmiede participates in projects targeting at steam temperatures above 700°C. In the frame of a Japanese development programme the worldwide largest trial shaft in a modified Alloy 617 Ni-Base material has been manufactured successfully from a 31 t- ESR ingot. Manufacturing route and results are presented. Contributing to the European NextGenPower project Saarschmiede has started activities to produce a large rotor forging in Alloy 263. Simulations of main manufacturing steps have been performed and a large trial forging has been produced from a triple melt ingot. First results are presented.
Potential Effects of HAZ Hardness on Use of T24 Tubing for Waterwall Applications
Authors: Moody P. , Barnard P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
T24 tube material (7CrMoVTiB10-10), with its combination of high creep strength and potential to be welded without using preheat, is regarded as a candidate waterwall material for Ultra Supercritical (USC) boilers. However, its reputed sensitivity to hydrogen and potential for secondary hardening may have adverse impacts on construction of waterwall panels. Doosan Babcock Ltd have investigated the response of welds made in T24 tubing to secondary hardening via changing hardness in a series of ageing heat treatment trials. Also, the response of the material to hydrogen infusion has been investigated
Misorientation Change Caused by the Precipitation Strengthening through Several MX Type Precipitates in High Cr Ferritic Creep Resistant Steels
Authors: Yamagata Ryosuke , Hasegawa Yasushi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In order to study the effect of precipitation strengthening by MX precipitates on the restriction of microstructure degradation in 9 mass% Cr ferritic heat-resistant steels, V, Nb additioned model steels were evaluated by microstructure analysis through TEM and EBSD with reference to the creep test and creep interrupting test. VN precipitation increased the creep strength if the content was higher than 0.02%. Simultaneous addition of Nb and V in the specimen resulted in the complex NbC-VN precipitates even in the as-heat-treated specimens. The coherent and fine-needle-type VN was also detected in the steel. These precipitates are expected to increase the creep strength according to the creep strain curves. V variation up to 0.02% did not affect the crystallographic character of the grain boundary in the as-heat-treated specimens. Nb variation affected the crystallographic character of the grain boundary significantly because of the grain refinement effect of NbC. VN precipitation during the creep test restricted the crystallographic misorientation-angle-profile degradation. Integrating all intragranular precipitates, VN, restricts the crystallographic degradation significantly. The long-term creep test results and the precise precipitation analysis will be disclosed by the presentation.
Effects of Cr and W Content in High Cr Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels on Long-Term Creep Rupture Strength
Authors: Mito Yusuke , Miki Kazuhiro , Azuma Tsukasa , Ishiguro Tohru , Tamura Osamu , Murata Yoshinori , Morinaga Masahiko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The effects of Cr and W on the creep rupture life of 8.5-11.5Cr steels at 650°C were evaluated. Throughout this paper the specimen composition is expressed in mass percent. The creep rupture life of 8.5Cr steel is the longest in 8.5-11.5Cr steels at 650°C under the stress of 78MPa. The creep rupture life of 9Cr steel at 650°C was extended with increasing W content. The creep strength of the modified steel, 9Cr-4W-3Co-0.2V-NbBN steel, at 650°C did not decrease sharply up to 32000h. The 105h creep rupture temperature of this steel under the stress of 100MPa was estimated to be approximately 635°C using Larson-Miller parameter. M23C6 type carbides and VX type carbonitrides were observed on the lath boundary of the modified steel. The stability of these precipitates in the modified steel is likely to suppress the degradation of the long term creep strength at 650°C.
Verification of Long Term Creep Rupture Strength and Component Fabricability of Candidate Ni-Based Materials for A-USC Boilers
Authors: Tokairin T. , Sato T. , Shimada A. , Nakagawa R. , Kitamura M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years continuous and extensive research and development activities have been being done worldwide on 700°C A-USC (Advanced Ultra Super Critical) power plants to achieve higher efficiency and reduce the CO2 emission. Increasing steam temperature and pressure of such A-USC boilers under consideration require the adoption of Ni based alloys. In the Japanese national project launched in 2008, Ni based alloy HR6W (45Ni-23Cr-7W-Ti, ASME Code Case 2684) is one of the candidate materials for boiler tube and pipe as well as Alloy617, Alloy263 and Alloy740H. The most important issues in A-USC boiler fabrication are the establishment of proper welding process for thick wall components of these alloys and verification of the long term reliability of their weldments. In our previous study, the weldability of HR6W was investigated and the welding process for Ni based thick wall pipe was established with the narrow gap HST (Hot wire Switching TIG) welding procedure originally developed by Babcock-Hitachi K.K. In this paper, creep rupture strengths of HR6W weldment were verified by the long term test up to 60,000 hours for tube and 40,000 hours for pipe. In Japanese national project, narrow gap HST welding process was also applied to the welding test for the other Ni based candidate pipe materials. Furthermore, as the practical A-USC boiler manufacturing trials, header mockup test was conducted and qualified for HR6W.
Modeling a Stress Relaxation Cracking Test for Advanced Ultra Supercritical Alloys
Authors: Tung David C. , Lippold John C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Finite element (FE) modeling has been applied to a stress relaxation cracking (SRC) test in order to evaluate the effects of changing sample geometry and material type. This SRC test uses compressive pre-straining to create a tensile residual stress in modified compact-tension specimens and has been used to test 316H stainless steel. The FE model is first used to verify that sample integrity will not be compromised by modifying the geometry. The FE model is then applied to candidate Advanced Ultra Supercritical nickel-base alloys 617, 740H, and 800. It is determined that this stress relaxation test will be appropriate for these alloys.
Characterization of an Extruded Austenitic Stainless Steel for Advanced Fossil Power Plant Applications
Authors: Purdy D. , Gandy D. , Shingledecker J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ultrasupercritical (USC) steam boiler and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) technology is constantly evolving to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. Currently, temperatures are pushing beyond the capabilities of even the most advanced ferritic steels with some applications requiring nickel-based superalloys. Cost-effective design of these systems requires the application of a variety of alloys representing a range of cost/property trade-offs. CF8C-Plus is a cast austenitic stainless steel recently developed for application in high temperatures similar to those in power plants (600 - 900 °C) with creep strength comparable to several superalloys. This makes it an attractive alternative for those expensive alloys. EPRI, with assistance from PCC subsidiaries Special Metals and Wyman Gordon Pipes and Fittings, has produced and characterized two pipe extrusions nominally 5.25 inch OD x 0.5 inch wall thickness and 6 inch OD x 0.75 inch wall (13.3 x 1.3 cm and 15.2 x 1.9 cm), each about 1000 lbs, to continue to assess the feasibility of using a wrought version of the alloy in power piping and tubing applications. The mechanical properties from these extrusions show performance in the same population as earlier forging trials demonstrating capability exceeding several austenitic stainless steels common to the industry. Creep-rupture performance in these extrusions continues to be competitive with nickel-based superalloys.
Development of High Chromium Ferritic Steels Strengthened by Intermetallic Phases
Authors: Kuhn B. , Talik M. , Zurek J. , Beck T. , Quadakkers W.J. , Singheiser L.S. , Hattendorf H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Constricted steam oxidation resistance and finite microstructural stability limits the use of 9 - 12 wt.-% chromium ferritic-martensitic steels to steam temperatures of about 620 °C. Newly developed 12 wt.-% Cr steels are prone to Z-phase precipitation, which occurs at the expense of the strengthening precipitates, and therefore suffer an accelerated decline in strength during longterm operation. While the concept of ferritic-martensitic chromium steels thus seems to hit technological limitations, further improvement in steam power plant efficiency necessitates a further increase of steam pressure and temperature. Furthermore increasing integration of intermitting renewable energy technologies in electrical power generation poses a great challenge for supply security, which has to be ensured on the basis of conventional power plant processes. Besides improved efficiency for resource preservation, load flexibility, thermal cycling capability and downtime corrosion resistance will play key roles in the design of tailored materials for future energy technology. Under these preconditions a paradigm shift in alloy development towards improvement of cyclic steam oxidation and downtime corrosion resistance in combination with adequate creep and thermomechanical fatigue strength seems to be mandatory. The steam oxidation, mechanical and thermomechanical properties of fully ferritic 18 - 24 wt.-% chromium model alloys, strengthened by the precipitation of intermetallic (Fe,Cr,Si)2(Nb,W) Laves phase particles, indicate the potential of this type of alloys as candidate materials for application in highly efficient and highly flexible future supercritical steam power plants.