bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PSF smoothing effect on concentration-related parameters of high-redshift galaxies in HST and JWST
Authors: Wang Jia-Hui , Li Zhao-Yu , Zhuang Ming-Yang , Ho Luis C. , Lai Li-Min 
Published: March 2024

Aims. We performed a comprehensive investigation of the PSF smoothing effect on the measurement of concentration-related parameters (C, Gini, and M20) of high-redshift galaxies in the HST and JWST surveys.
Methods. Our sample contains massive galaxies (109.5 M⊙ ≤ M* ≤ 1011.5 M⊙) from the CANDELS/EGS survey (at redshift 0 < z < 2), and the CEERS survey (at redshift 1 < z < 3). The non-parametric concentration-related parameters (R20, R80, C, Gini, and M20) and the model-dependent parameters (n and Re) of these galaxies were derived from Statmorph and GALFIT, respectively. The best-fit Sérsic index (n) derived from image modelling is generally robust against the PSF smoothing effect and can be used to describe the intrinsic light distribution of galaxies. On the other hand, the concentration-related parameters are significantly affected by the PSF smoothing effect since they are directly calculated from the pixels of galaxy images. We tried to evaluate the PSF smoothing effect by comparing the concentration-related parameters to the Sérsic index in both observations and mock images.
Results. We find that the concentration index is generally underestimated, especially for smaller galaxies with a higher Sérsic index (eventually converging to the concentration index of the PSF). However, galaxies with a lower Sérsic index (n ≤ 1) or larger relative size (Re/FWHM > 3) are less affected by the PSF smoothing effect. Tests with idealised mock images reveal that overestimating the measured R20/Re ratio leads to underestimating the concentration index C. Another commonly used concentration index C59, derived from R50 and R90 values, is less affected by the PSF. The Gini coefficient and the absolute M20 statistic also show a similar behaviour as the concentration index. Caution should be taken for the possible correction of the concentration-related parameters, where both the relative size and the Sérsic index of the galaxy are important. We also generated high-redshift artificial images from the low-redshift HST observations and confirm that the traditional correction method that simply adds a single term to the non-parametric indicators of galaxies at higher redshifts is unable to reliably recover the true distribution of the structural parameters. Compared to the HST images, the PSF smoothing is much less severe for images in the CEERS survey (for the short-wavelength filters) due to the much higher spatial resolution. In fact, it is better to use the Sérsic index rather than the non-parametric morphology indicators to trace the light concentration for galaxies at high redshifts. From the single Sérsic modelling of the HST and JWST images, we also confirm that galaxies at higher redshifts are more compact with smaller Re. The low-mass galaxies are more disc-like (n ∼ 1) compared to the high-mass galaxies that are more spheroid dominated (n ∼ 3).
Ganz-Exom-Sequenzierung zur Bestimmung zielgerichteter Therapien für Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom – eine Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Jaeger Bernadette Anna Sophia , Krawczyk Natalia , Japp Anna Sophia , Honisch Ellen , Köhrer Karl , Scheuring Sibylle , Petzsch Patrick , Neubauer Hans , Volkmer Anne Kathrin , Esposito Irene , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Niederacher Dieter , Fehm Tanja 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ziel dieser Machbarkeitsstudie war es, zielgerichtete Therapien entsprechend der ESCAT-Skala (ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets) zu bestimmen. Für die Interpretation der Daten wurde eine browserbasierte Plattform zur Entscheidungsfindung (MH Guide, Molecular Health, Heidelberg, Germany) eingesetzt.
Patientinnen Es wurde eine Exomsequenzierung von Tumorgewebe und peripherem Blut von Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom (n = 44) durchgeführt, um somatische sowie Keimbahnmutationen zu identifizieren.
Ergebnisse Bei 32 Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom konnte eine Dateninterpretation durchgeführt werden. Es wurden 25 genomische Veränderungen (ESCAT-Evidenzstufe I oder II) bei 18/32 Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom identifiziert und abschließend ausgewertet: Darunter fanden sich 3 Fälle mit erhöhter Kopienzahl bei HER2, 2 gBRCA1-, 2 gBRCA2-, 6 PIK3CA-, 1 ESR1-, 3 PTEN-, 1 AKT1- und 2 HER2-Mutationen. Dazu kamen noch 5 Proben, die eine hochgradige Mikrosatelliten-Instabilität aufwiesen.
Schlussfolgerung Die daraus abzuleitenden Behandlungsoptionen wurden in einer Tumorkonferenz diskutiert und dann einer kleinen, aber relevanten Anzahl von Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom (7/18) empfohlen. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit stellt eine wertvolle Machbarkeitsstudie dar, die dazu beitragen kann, molekulare Tumorboards innerhalb des Deutschen Netzwerks für Personalisierte Medizin zu etablieren. Ziel ist, die für Analysen benötigte Zeit zu verkürzen und die Wahl zielgerichteter Therapien zu optimieren.
Brustimplantatassoziierte Tumoren
Authors: von Fritschen Uwe , Kremer Thomas , Prantl Lukas , Fricke Alba 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungZusätzlich zu dem anaplastischen großzelligen T-Zell-Lymphom (BIA-ALCL) werden seit
einigen Jahren weitere Tumoren im Zusammenhang mit Implantaten beschrieben. Sehr selten traten
Plattenepithelkarzinome (SSC) und B-Zell-Lymphome auf. Die ungeklärte Pathogenese sowie das
unklare individuelle Risikoprofil bringen eine anhaltende Verunsicherung von Patienten und
Ärzten mit sich. Während das BIA-ALCL gehäuft im Zusammenhang mit texturierten
Brustimplantaten auftritt, wurden die anderen Tumoren auch bei glattwandiger Textur und
anderen Implantatlokalisationen beobachtet. Multiple potenzielle Mechanismen werden
diskutiert. Eine vermutlich multifaktorielle Genese, die zu einer chronischen
Entzündungsreaktion mit konsekutiver Immunstimulation führt, scheint eine Schlüsselrolle bei
der malignen Transformation zu spielen. Für eine spezifische Risikobewertung liegen bisher
keine ausreichend validen Daten vor, weshalb diese zurückhaltend erfolgen muss. Dargestellt
werden Inzidenz, Pathogenese und Evidenzlevel des aktuellen Wissensstands sowie eine Bewertung
und Diskussion der aktuellen Literatur.
Whitepaper: Weiterbildung in der bildgebenden und interventionellen Mammadiagnostik
Authors: Sauer Stephanie Tina , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Wenkel Evelyn , Wujciak Detlef , Platz Batista da Silva Natascha , Landwehr Peter 
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Die Mammadiagnostik stellt einen integralen Bestandteil der Radiologie dar und unterliegt strengen Qualitätskontrollen. Dabei ist eine präzise Diagnostik durch multimodale Befunderhebung mittels Mammografie, Sonografie und MRT unter Einschluss bildgestützter Biopsie- und Markierungsverfahren oftmals entscheidend und muss durch Expert:innen mit Kenntnissen und Fertigkeiten in allen diesen Verfahren zusammengeführt werden. Aufgrund zahlreicher Veränderungen der Versorgungsstrukturen ist die Mammadiagnostik jedoch zunehmend in Richtung großer, spezialisierter Zentren verlagert worden, wodurch Engpässe im Rahmen der Weiterbildung in der Erlangung von Fallzahlen in der Breite der Weiterbildungsstätten entstehen. Das vorgelegte Whitepaper fasst zunächst die Rahmenbedingungen zusammen und stellt Positionen der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften dar.
Methode Unter Leitung der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (DRG) wurden mit Beteiligung von Vertreter:innen der AG Mammadiagnostik der DRG, des CAFRAD (Chefarztforum Radiologie), der KLR (Konferenz der Lehrstuhlinhaber für Radiologie e. V.), des Forum Junge Radiologie (FJR) der DRG und des Berufsverband der Deutschen Radiologen e. V. (BDR) Lösungsansätze diskutiert und konsentiert, die in Zukunft für die Weiterbildung in der Mammadiagnostik bedeutend sein werden.
Ergebnisse Neben der etablierten Weiterbildung an der primären Weiterbildungsstätte soll durch flexible einrichtungs-, fachdisziplin- und sektorenüberschreitende Weiterbildungskooperationen sowie Integration von Fallsammlungen und engerer Zusammenarbeit von Weiterbildungsstätten mit Brustzentren und Mammografiescreening-Einheiten eine qualifizierte Weiterbildung sichergestellt werden. Unverzichtbar ist, dass Kurse und Fallsammlungen in Kooperation mit den wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften und in Einklang mit deren Standards erstellt werden, insbesondere wenn die Bearbeitung solcher Fallsammlungen anteilig auf die Weiterbildung angerechnet werden soll. Der Schwerpunkt der Weiterbildung muss weiterhin in der Patientenversorgung erfolgen. Maximal ein Drittel der in der Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung (M-WBO) geforderten Fälle sollen durch ein Training anhand einer zertifizierten Fallsammlung möglich sein.
Schlussfolgerungen Um die Weiterbildung in der Mammadiagnostik weiterhin auf hohem fachlichem Niveau zu gewährleisten, ist ein Paradigmenwechsel mit einer engeren Zusammenarbeit aller Beteiligten sowie Offenheit von Landesärztekammern und Fachgesellschaften für neue Weiterbildungskonzepte notwendig.
Kernaussagen:
Zitierweise
Methodology for Robotic In Vitro Testing of the Knee
Authors: Colbrunn Robb William , Loss Jeremy Granieri , Gillespie Callan Michael , Pace Elizabeth Bailey , Nagle Tara Francesca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe knee joint plays a pivotal role in mobility and stability during ambulatory and standing activities of daily living (ADL). Increased incidence of knee joint pathologies and resulting surgeries has led to a growing need to understand the kinematics and kinetics of the knee. In vivo, in silico, and in vitro testing domains provide researchers different avenues to explore the effects of surgical interactions on the knee. Recent hardware and software advancements have increased the flexibility of in vitro testing, opening further opportunities to answer clinical questions. This paper describes best practices for conducting in vitro knee biomechanical testing by providing guidelines for future research. Prior to beginning an in vitro knee study, the clinical question must be identified by the research and clinical teams to determine if in vitro testing is necessary to answer the question and serve as the gold standard for problem resolution. After determining the clinical question, a series of questions (What surgical or experimental conditions should be varied to answer the clinical question, what measurements are needed for each surgical or experimental condition, what loading conditions will generate the desired measurements, and do the loading conditions require muscle actuation?) must be discussed to help dictate the type of hardware and software necessary to adequately answer the clinical question. Hardware (type of robot, load cell, actuators, fixtures, motion capture, ancillary sensors) and software (type of coordinate systems used for kinematics and kinetics, type of control) can then be acquired to create a testing system tailored to the desired testing conditions. Study design and verification steps should be decided upon prior to testing to maintain the accuracy of the collected data. Collected data should be reported with any supplementary metrics (RMS error, dynamic statistics) that help illuminate the reported results. An example study comparing two different anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques is provided to demonstrate the application of these guidelines. Adoption of these guidelines may allow for better interlaboratory result comparison to improve clinical outcomes.
Alopecia Areata Treated with Homoeopathic Preparation of Phosphorus: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports
Authors: Srivastava Amit , Ningthoujam Gouri Devi , Bala Renu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a type of non-scarring, autoimmune hair loss on the scalp or body characterised by solitary or multiple bald patches. In modern medicine, treatment is mainly in the form of corticosteroids. Homoeopathy provides a better response by framing the totality and choosing the medicine based on symptom similarity. The presented case reports evaluated the utility of individualised homoeopathic treatment on AA with evidence-based assessment. The two cases were prescribed individualised homoeopathic medicine and followed for more than 1 year. The cases were assessed by Severity Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (MYMOP2) and periodic photographic evidence. Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) was used to assess the clinical outcome's causal attribution to the prescribed homoeopathic medicine. Both patients were given Phosphorus in centesimal potency resulting in a complete cure with a full growth of hair and without further relapse of symptoms. SALT score reduced from 24.04 to 0% in case 1 and 8.4 to 0% in case 2 after 18 months of treatment. MYMOP2 profile score declined from 3.5 to 0 in case 1 and 5.5 to 0 in case 2. The physician assessed the MONARCH score as +09 and +10 for cases 1 and 2, signifying strong causal attribution to Phosphorus prescribed in both cases. Individualised homoeopathic treatment caused improvement in AA along with general well-being. Systematic research with a larger sample size would be required to confirm observations of these two cases.
Clinical Profile of Male Patients Presenting with Breast Cancer in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Wani Ulfat Ara , Jeelani Umeek , Wani Basharat Ara , Nasreen Shahida 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is a rare disease in males with unknown etiology and variable rate of incidence among different ethnic and geographical groups.
Objectives This article studies the clinical profile of male breast cancer in Kashmir Valley of India
Materials and Methods This study was a retrospective study conducted at a superspecialty hospital (Government Medical College Srinagar) in the department of medical oncology over a period of 4 years from January 2017 to October 2021. All male patients who presented with a histopathology-proven diagnosis of breast cancer were included and studied.
Results A total of 8 male patients with breast cancer were studied. The median age at diagnosis was 55 years. Most of the patients were from rural background. The most common presenting symptom was breast lump followed by ulceration. The most common location of the tumor was retroareolar. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (100%) was the only subtype present in our patients. Locally advanced disease accounted for most of the cases. Among stage IV patients two had bone as the metastatic site and one patient had in addition lung metastasis. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that all patients (100%) were hormone receptor positive with only one patient being triple positive (12.5%). None of the patients had triple negative disease in our study. In our study 6 patients were treated with multimodalities (surgery, chemo, radiation, and targeted agents).
Conclusion Male breast cancer is a well-recognized entity and the gender gap of disease need to be abolished. Awareness among masses and training of general practitioners is needed to pick cases at early stage.
3.2.1.3 Chemical Ligation/Encoding
Authors: Keefe A. D. , Litovchick A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to generate a library of DNA-encoded chemical compounds it is necessary to covalently attach multiple encoding tracts of DNA to each compound. The most widely practiced methodology to achieve this utilizes the enzymatic ligation of 5'-monophosphate oligodeoxynucleotide tags to 3'-hydroxyl oligodeoxynucleotide tags, typically with recombinant T4 DNA Ligase. This approach can be challenging owing to the inherent incompatibility of conditions supporting the enzymatic activity of T4 DNA Ligase with the specific conditions that are required for each chemical synthesis step. An alternative approach (pioneered at X-Chem) is to use non-enzymatic chemistry to join oligonucleotides together in a manner that supports downstream applications such as the generation of wild-type complementary DNA (cDNA), which can in turn be used as a template for PCR to support subsequent cloning and sequencing. A range of different chemistries may be used to support these processes, each paired with a specific molecular biological strategy to support the generation of cDNA.
3.2.3.1 Macrocyclic DELs
Authors: Gillingham D. , Sauter B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough biologically active macrocycles are commonly found in natural products, these complex structures have not been utilized as often in man-made drugs. DNA-encoded libraries offer the opportunity to create large libraries of macrocycles for testing, without the need to invest large quantities of time and resources into the chemical synthesis of individual compounds. This chapter provides an overview of the major strategies developed by DEL practitioners in creating macrocycle libraries. An introduction to the field is followed by sections focused on specific DEL-synthesis campaigns where each individual strategy was used.
4.4 Selections of DNA-Encoded Libraries to Protein Targets within Living Cells
Authors: Cai B. , Krusemark C. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelections of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have been largely limited to biochemically pure proteins that are immobilized on solid supports. This excludes many targets that cannot be purified or reconstituted biochemically in a fully active form. This chapter describes a method for the selection of DEL ligands against proteins within live cells. The approach relies on appending a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide to the DNA construct to deliver DELs across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm of live cells. Once inside the cell, affinity crosslinking is used to covalently trap protein–ligand interactions. The DEL ligands are isolated by subsequent purification of the target protein. This approach has demonstrated potential in selecting focused libraries against cytosolic targets that are challenging to express and purify.
4.1 Selections by Affinity Capture on Solid Support
Authors: Gloger A. , Scheuermann J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDNA-encoded library (DEL) selection is the crucial step of separating DEL members with the desired binding properties for a protein target from the vast majority of DEL members that do not bind. This chapter focuses on what could be described as “classical DEL selections”: affinity-based selections of in-solution DELs against single, purified target proteins, which represent the vast majority of DEL selections now performed in industry and academia. This review discusses the pros and cons of key parameters for successful selections: the solid support used for immobilization of the protein targets, the affinity tags, and the input amount of DEL required, and includes representative experimental procedures for DEL selections on solid supports.
词汇多义性和句法连续性
Authors: Li Fuqiang 
Published: March 2024

摘要
本研究通过梳理汉语中具有较高使用频率的“有”在共时和历时层面、口语和书面语中的使用情况，发现“有”可以跟多种语类范畴共现，构成新的句法成分，占据不同的句法层级，获得不同的语义或语用解读。在共时上，语料涉及普通话和六种典型方言中“有”的语义或语用解读和功能表现，在历时上比较了现代汉语和古代汉语中“有”的词汇多义性。本研究以“有”的词汇多义性为出发点，采用生成语法视角描绘了不同语义或语用解读的“有”的句法层级高低，展示了“有”的句法连续性，同时为汉语词汇语法化过程提供了语义和句法视角下的证据。
Fluctuations des émotions éprouvées par des apprenants débutants dans cinq cours de Français Langue
Etrangère
Authors: Guedat-Bittighoffer Delphine , Dewaele Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2024

Résumé
Cette étude de cas multiples vise à identifier les fluctuations des émotions de sept apprenants débutants dans
cinq cours successifs de Français langue étrangère (FLE) en contexte universitaire. L’enseignant a utilisé une méthode
d’apprentissage des langues axée sur l’engagement émotionnel des interlocuteurs (enseignant et apprenants) pendant les
interactions orales. Les apprenants, par le truchement d’un questionnaire portant sur trois émotions
(l’enjoyment, l’anxiété et l’ennui), déclarent ce qu’ils ont ressenti juste après les cours. L’originalité de la
présente étude réside dans l’approche longitudinale sur une période courte, la combinaison de données quantitatives et
qualitatives d’un petit groupe d’apprenants débutants, auxquelles s’ajoutent des observations directes en classe et un entretien
semi-directif avec le professeur, qui permettent de mieux comprendre les causes des fluctuations.
Variation in the use of the partitive pronoun ER in regional (Heerlen) standard Dutch
Authors: Cornips Leonie , Sleeman Petra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the variable use of partitive er in two types of constructions. First,
er combined with cardinal numbers like drie ‘three’ and quantifiers like
genoeg ‘enough’. Second, er combined with an elliptical noun referring to
age and weight. Er should be present in the first case (Ik heb *(er) drie
‘I have three’) but absent in the second case (Hij is (*er) tachtig ‘He is eighty’), according to normative Dutch
grammars.
The spontaneous spoken speech of 67 speakers born and raised in Heerlen, in the southeast of the Netherlands was
analyzed, investigating the use of er also according to social distribution: language background,
education/occupation and age.
The results show that er is used variably in the two types of constructions. It was found that
younger speakers differ in some contexts from older speakers, suggesting that language change is going on, possibly under the
influence of standard Dutch.
Features of translation policies on the Chinese mainland (1979–2021)
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Zhang Hailing , Shi Yayu , Chen Yueyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This research presents a new classification of translation policy by referring to Baldauf’s (2006) framework of language planning. It constructs a policy database containing 363 policy
documents issued on the Chinese mainland from 1979 to 2021, and analyzes the features of each policy category by integrating
corpus analysis with text analysis. It is revealed that policy documents on translation education aim to train professional
translators with standard national tests and postgraduate programs; policy documents on translation profession are committed to
improving the professional title system for translators and interpreters; policy documents on translation standardization are
supported by national standards and cover various stakeholders and fields; and policy documents on official translation projects
aim to disseminate Chinese culture, provide language services for international events, and organize minority language
translation. With these findings, this study contributes to research on translation policy with new knowledge about China and a
novel perspective, classification, and approach.