bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNASEN Regulates Cell Proliferation and Affects Survival in Esophageal Cancer Patients
Authors: Sugito Nobuyoshi , Ishiguro Hideyuki , Kuwabara Yoshiyuki , Kimura Masahiro , Mitsui Akira , Kurehara Hiroki , Ando Takuya , Mori Ryota , Takashima Nobuhiro , Ogawa Ryo , Fujii Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs thought to be involved in physiologic and developmental processes by negatively regulating the expression of target genes. Little is known about the role of miRNAs in normal and cancer cells. It is possible that deregulation of miRNA may contribute to the oncogenesis of some cancers. We studied the expression level of the miRNA processing enzyme (DICER1, DGCR8, and RNASEN) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
Experimental Design: The expression levels of DICER1, DGCR8, and RNASEN mRNA in 73 ESCC tissues were compared with that in corresponding normal esophageal epithelium by Taqman real-time reverse-transcription PCR. We also examined RNASEN protein expression in 27 cell lines. The role of RNASEN in cell proliferation in ESCC cells was assessed by small interfering RNA. Paraffin sections of ESCC patients were immunohistochemically investigated.
Results: We found that RNASEN expression levels were enhanced in a fraction of esophageal cancers. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the prognostic effect of RNASEN (P = 0.0036) seems to be independent of disease stage (P = 0.0060). Knockdown of RNASEN in esophageal cancer cell lines resulted in a 46% to 85% reduction in cell number. In an immunohistochemical study, the intensity of RNASEN expression was often increased in the tumor compared with that in normal epithelium.
Conclusions: The relationship between the RNASEN expression and the prognosis of the ESCC patients warrants a further study on the role of miRNA and tumor progression.
A Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Randomized Trial of Colorectal Cancer Patients Vaccinated with an Anti-Idiotypic Antibody, 105AD7, Mimicking CD55
Authors: Ullenhag Gustav J. , Spendlove Ian , Watson Nicholas F.S. , Indar Adrian A. , Dube Mukul , Robins Richard A. , Maxwell-Armstrong Charles , Scholefield John H. , Durrant Lindy G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPurpose: To assess the tolerability and effectiveness of 105AD7 vaccination in colorectal cancer patients. 105AD7 is a human anti-idiotypic antibody mimicking CD55, a glycoprotein, which is more than expressed on colorectal cancer cells and protects them from attack by complement.Experimental Design: Colorectal cancer patients (n = 67) eligible for primary surgery were randomized to receive the anti-idiotypic antibody 105AD7±Bacillus Calmette-Guerin/alum or to no treatment (control group). The immunizations were given i.d./i.m. before surgery and continued for a period of 2 years. The patients were monitored in enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT; γ-IFN), proliferation assay, and Luminex cytokine assays.Results: No serious adverse events were recorded. Of the 32 investigated immunized patients, 14 (44%) were considered to be responders in the ELISPOT assay. Induced proliferative responses were noted in 17 of 40 (43%) monitored patients. There was no correlation between the ELISPOT and proliferation assays. Luminex analyses revealed tumor necrosis factor-α and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor responses not only to the vaccine but also toward the native antigen CD55 in 9 of 13 (69%) patients.Conclusions: Immune responses to vaccination were induced in a majority of monitored patients measured by ELISPOT and proliferation assay. The lack of correlation between the ELISPOT and proliferation assays may reflect the fact that the two methods measure different T-cell responses and highlights the importance of multiple readouts in evaluating a potential cancer vaccine. Responses to both the anti-idiotype and the CD55 antigen were measurable, adding support to the use of CD55 as a target in cancer treatment.
Wnt gradient formation: from source to sink
Authors: Coudreuse Damien , Korswagen Hendrik 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The secreted glycoproteins of the Wnt family activate a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls several developmental processes. Wnt ligands function as morphogens that act at a distance from their source by establishing a concentration gradient. The various fates of the Wnt responding cells along the morphogenetic field contribute to the precise patterning of the embryo and depend on the concentration of morphogen to which they are exposed. However, the different mechanisms that allow the controlled formation of the Wnt gradient are unclear. Here we give an overview of current understanding of the mechanisms that potentially control the spreading of the Drosophila Wnt ortholog Wingless.
Ear and eye in subterranean mole-rats, Fukomys anselli (Bathyergidae) and Spalax ehrenbergi (Spalacidae): progressive specialisation or regressive degeneration?
Authors: Burda Hynek 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe hearing and visual ecology of mole-rats, Spalax ehrenbergi (Spalacidae) from Israel and Fukomys (formerly Cryptomys) anselli (Bathyergidae) from Zambia, two rodent taxa that have independently adapted to subterranean life, are reviewed and compared with epigeic counterparts, the laboratory rat and the guinea pig. In burrows, airborne sounds of low frequencies (200-800 Hz) are least attenuated and even accentuated over short distances. In both mole-rat species the frequency range of the best hearing is shifted to match the frequencies best propagated in tunnels: hearing sensitivity in the lower frequency range (<16 kHz) has been conserved or further improved. Compared to the rat, the hearing range (covering about eight octaves) in mole-rats is not restricted but only shifted towards lower frequencies.Morphologies of the middle and inner ears of mole-rats and the guinea pig are similar in some aspects and suggest tuning to low frequencies. The middle ear morphology of mole-rats does not seem to explain the lower high-frequency limit of hearing. Middle ear is not reduced or degenerated. On the contrary, the incus and the stapedial footplate are markedly enlarged, resulting in reduced sensitivity. These features can be considered an adaptation to compensate for local sound amplification in burrows. The cochlea and its components are highly specialised for sensitive perception and high resolution of low frequencies.Despite living in the same optic environment, Spalax and Fukomys show different degrees of regression and specialisation of the visual system. The eye in Spalax is severely regressed and shortwave-opsin cones are missing. Spalax is blind but the retina has retained its role for photoperiodic perception. Fukomys has small, yet morphologically normal, eyes, with a retina rich in 'blue' cones. It has retained basic visual capabilities; however, the role of light as a zeitgeber is not conclusive.
Conserving declining species using incomplete demographic information: what help can we expect from the use of matrix population models?
Authors: Hemerik Lia , Klok Chris 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDue to human activity, many species have strongly declined in number and are currently threatened with extinction. Management directed at conservation of these species can benefit from the use of simple population models such as matrix models. However, for many species, data on survival and reproduction are scarce. Therefore, we set up a general framework based on a matrix model with three parameters: reproduction, juvenile (=first year survival) and adult survival in which incomplete data can be analysed. This framework is applicable to species that can mature after their first year of life. The point in a calendar year at which the population size is determined, i.e. the census time, is varied. We discuss the differences and the similarities between matrices modelling the same population at different census times. The population growth rate and the elasticity of the survival and reproduction parameters have been determined analytically. From these we made, as a visual diagnostic tool (general framework), plots of the growth rate and the elasticity pattern and their dependence on actual values of the reproduction parameter and the juvenile and adult survival. To illustrate the use of this framework we plot and discuss literature data on survival and/or reproduction of a few bird species with a juvenile stage of one year in the light of our modelling results.
Resiliency in Negotiation: Bouncing Back from Impasse
Authors: Spector Bertram 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDeadlocked international negotiations risk prolonged uncertainty and, worse, the possible onset of hostilities. While the negotiation research literature is replete with strategies and tactics that seek positive sum outcomes, there is a paucity of reliable advice for negotiators faced with stalemate on what they can do to avert failure and get back on the negotiation track. This study suggests that international negotiations can learn from the field of developmental psychology about the concept and practice of resiliency. Resiliency is the human capacity to face, overcome and be strengthened by experiences of extreme adversity. It is a basic and powerful human competency that negotiators, faced with impasse, need to master to avert failure and achieve successful negotiation outcomes. If people have the capacity to bounce back from adversity in their personal lives, negotiators in their professional lives should be able to mobilize this capacity to bounce back from impasses, as well. Several propositions based on research findings are examined.
Order through Negotiation
Authors: Meerts Paul 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe negotiation process can be a tool that generates order in international relations between states and international organizations. Order and structure are needed in a globalizing world of interdependencies and growing cleavages. The importance of international regimes in channeling and protecting negotiation processes is discussed. Regimes and interstate bargaining can only be effective if the main actors successfully balance their interests and activities. To create this equilibrium, extra-regime negotiations are as much needed as intra-regime bargaining, since negotiation is as much about situations as it is about structures, flexibility plus strength.
Negotiating Internal, Ethnic and Identity Conflicts in a Globalized World
Authors:   William Zartman
Published: November 2006

AbstractHow, under current conditions, do negotiators find a resolving formula that is enticing to the parties in internal conflicts and that lasts? The search for an answer about this process can take three paths: One that focuses on the context provided by the conflict itself, another that examines the content of the appropriate outcome, and a third that looks at the conduct of parties in their negotiating roles. A particular challenge comes from the internal and international reactions – primarily Islamic – to the encroachment of globalization into their area, where the challenge is to move the conflict from non-negotiable to negotiable. A wide range of conflicts will be used to illustrate the conceptual discussion.
International Business Negotiation in a Globalizing World: Reflections on the Contributions and Future of a (Sub) Field
Authors: Weiss Stephen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResearch on international business negotiation has been underway for 35 years. It has developed within two major paradigms: the macro-strategic, which focuses on organizational wholes, and the micro-behavioral, which focuses on individuals. The former further divides into business-government relations and interfirm relationship streams, while the latter branches into comparative and intercultural studies. While this article summarizes these bodies of literature, its main purpose is to offer a critique of this research, consider its contribution to practice and to the field of international negotiation, and stimulate ideas for future research.
Adsorption of benzidines and anilines on Cu- and Fe-montmorillonites studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Soma Y. , Soma M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to observe the formation of cation radicals in the adsorption of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMBD), benzidine, N,Ndimethylaniline (DMA) and aniline on Na-, Cu- and Fe-montmorillonites. Cation radicals of benzidine and TMBD, and their dications were formed at acid sites on the montmorillonite surface, or through the reduction of Cu or Fe interlayer ions, and were adsorbed in the interlayer. Their structures are represented by biphenoquinone type structure, where the inter-ring CC bond and the ring C-N bond have double bond characters. It was demonstrated from Raman spectra that DMA and aniline adsorbed on Cu-montmorillonite from the vapour phase dimerize to form TMBD and benzidine dications.
An 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction study of New Zealand glauconites
Authors: Cardile C. M. , Brown I. W. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA comprehensive Mössbauer spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction study of six purified glauconites is presented. The Mössbauer spectra were computer-fitted with three Fe3+ and three Fe2+ doublets, both Fe species occupying the trans-OH and two cis-OH octahedral sites. In addition, a seventh smaller doublet is assigned to Fe3+ in tetrahedral coordination. It has been shown that an increasing IVFe3+ content directs VIFe3+ substitution to the cis-OH octahedrally coordinated sites. A correlation between the d(060) reflection and elemental composition is demonstrated.
A contribution to the study of the catalytic action of clays on the polymerization of styrene: II. Reaction mechanism
Authors: Njopwouo D. , Roques G. , Wandji R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe study of 13C NMR spectra of polystyrene thermally obtained on clays shows that thermal polymerization of styrene on these minerals proceeds by two parallel reaction mechanisms: the radical mechanism due to the thermal effect, and the cationic mechanism in which the initiatory cation H+ is provided by the clay. The latter mechanism, accelerated by increase in temperature, becomes more important as the clay content increases in the reaction medium. Otherwise, the thermal polymerization on clays is accompanied by the hydrogenation of some α carbons of the polystyrene molecule and the oxidation of certain aromatic carbons.
Effect of amino acid (glycine) on the distribution of transition metal (Co-Ni-Zn-Cu) and magnesium divalent ions between silicate gels and aqueous solutions: an experimental study
Authors: Dabira M. , Delbove F. , Perruchot A. , Trichet J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstarctThe study of M and Mg ion exchange (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), between silicate gels SiO2.q(M, Mg)O.nH2O and amino acid (glycine) saline aqueous solutions (M, Mg)SO4, shows that the introduction of the complexing agent completely upsets the original distribution equilibria of M and Mg between the two types of phases. The values of the measured bulk distribution coefficientare lowered considerably relative to the inorganic reference distribution coefficients. The lowering of D may be accounted for by calculating the contents of the different species, MA, MA+, M2+, under which the metallic element M is present in the solutions. The values ofresulting from the calculated M2+ contents are identical to the values of Dref, determined in systems without a complexing agent.
Relations between single mineral equilibrium models and equilibrium models with a solid-solution of q end-members
Authors: Pages J. , Aurousseau P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMinerals studied by an equilibrium model with a single mineral are similar to those studied in solid-solution models with q end-members. After discussing solid-solution models with q end-members where the limits of this kind of models are specified, the mathematical relations between the two kinds of models are developed. These relations show that the equilibrium model with a single mineral is compatible with the geochemical assumption of solid-solution. A method for estimation of equilibrium between a single mineral and a homogeneous set of aqueous solutions is proposed.
The effect of an Fe(II)-silicate on selected properties of a montmorillonitic clay
Authors: Oscarson D. W. , Heimann R. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA montmorillonite clay and an X-ray amorphous Fe(II)-silicate were suspended in a synthetic groundwater solution under oxic and anoxic conditions at 23 and 70°C for 200 days. The clay samples were then analysed for total Fe, Fe(II), dithionite- and oxalate-extractable Fe (Fedand Feo), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance spectrometry (DRS). The total iron content and Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio of the clay increased with an increase in temperature and both were greater under anoxic than oxic conditions, as were the amounts of Fedand Feo. The CEC of the clay was lower in the presence of the Fe-silicate, suggesting that Fe-hydroxide had precipitated at the edges of the clay blocking some cation-exchange sites. No changes in the clay were detected by XRD or DRS after contact with the Fe-silicate, nor was there any evidence for Fe-hydroxide material in the interlayer region of the clay. However, it is shown that the amount and nature of iron associated with clay can be significantly altered and certain properties of the clay, such as CEC, can be affected when the clay is in contact with Fe(II)-containing materials.
High-charge to low-charge smectite reaction in hydrothermal alteration processes
Authors: Bouchet A. , Proust D. , Meunier A. , Beaufort D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIllite/smectite mixed-layered minerals (I/S) occurring in hydrothermally altered dacite from the island of Martinique were studied using X-ray powder diffraction, electron microprobe and CEC measurement techniques. Microprobe analyses and X-ray identification of high- and low-charge smectite layers indicate that the I/S hydrothermal alteration operates from wall-rock to hydrothermal veins, with conversion of high-charge to low-charge smectite and formation of illite layers. The overall alteration reaction can be expressed as: mixed-layered high-charge smectite + Si4++ K+→ mixed-layered low-charge smectite + illite. This reaction requires Si and K from external sources and differs from the currently invoked mechanisms for diagenetic illitization where Si is released. The proposed reaction appears, therefore, to be the first step of I/S alteration under low-temperature hydrothermal conditions, prior to the crystallization of newly-formed I/S.
Thermal transformations of synthetic allophane and imogolite as revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Wilson M. A. , Wada K. , Wada S. I. , Kakuto Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractImogolite, protoimogolite and two synthetic allophanes (A and B) with very different Si/Al ratios have been pyrolysed over a range of temperatures, and the reactions followed by high-resolution solid-state 27AI and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The Si(OAloct)3OH groups of protoimogolite are destroyed at relatively low (∼ 200°C temperatures, whereas the same structures in imogolite are stable to ∼ 300°C. During pyrolysis of both materials there is little change in the observed coordination of AI at temperatures of < 500°C but at 500°C or higher, ∼25% of the NMR-visible Al is converted to tetrahedral coordination. The mechanism of decomposition of both protoimogolite and imogolite is shown to involve the formation of highly branched Si-O-Si chains. As far as can be discerned by 27Al and 29Si NMR, allophanes A and B both appear to produce products similar to protoimogolite on pyrolysis.
Interaction of Kaolinite with Calcite on Heating: III. Effect of Different Kaolinites
Authors: Mackenzie R. C. , Heller-Kallai L. , Rahman A. A. , Moir H. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe degree of distortion of the calcite endotherm on differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves for kaolinite-calcite mixtures depends on the kaolinite sample used as well as on the factors previously established. Although no two of the ten kaolinite samples employed, even if from the same general locality, produced identical effects under all experimental conditions, a general relationship between locality of origin and degree of distortion was noted. The crystalline species detected in the products of heating, after standing in air at room temperature, included portlandite, calcite, aragonite, vaterite and the high-temperature phases gehlenite, α′-Ca2SiO4, and 12CaO. 7Al2O3. The actual species present again depended on the kaolinite sample. Although the results cannot be directly related to the volatiles evolved along with water on dehydroxylation of the different kaolinites, a tentative explanation is offered on the basis of the effects of the volatiles on the surfaces of the particles present.
Tryptophan Photo-Oxidation by Clay-Adsorbed Sensitizers
Authors: Cenens J. , Schoonheydt R. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe photo-oxidation of tryptophan (TRP), photosensitized by methylene blue (MB) exchanged on hectorite, Wyoming bentonite and laponite is strongly influenced by three factors: (i) Fe(III) in the structure, which quenches the excited state of MB; (ii) the adsorption site of MB, as photo-oxidation only takes place with MB on the external surface; (iii) dye aggregation, which reduces the yield. Rose bengal (RB), chemically anchored on the external surface of Barasym does not sensitize the photo-oxidation of TRP.
Odinite, a new dioctahedral-trioctahedral Fe3+-rich 1:1 clay mineral
Authors: Bailey S. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOdinite is a Fe3+-rich green clay that is widespread in the form of infillings or replacements of microtests, bioclasts, faecal pellets, or mineral debris on shallow marine shelfs and reef lagoonal areas in tropical latitudes. The structure is based on a 1 : 1 serpentine-type layer that is intermediate between dioctahedral and trioctahedral. Octahedral cation totals range from 2·30 to 2·54 cations per 3·0 sites for 10 samples. The structural formula for the purest sample isBoth monoclinic and trigonal polytypes are present in most samples, with 1Mmore abundant than 1T. Unit-cell dimensions are 1M:a= 5·373(3),b= 9·326(7),c= 7·363(6) Å,β= 104·0(1)°; 1T:a= 5·366(5),b= 9·334(9),c= 7·161(8),β= 90° (on orthohexagonal axes). The name is for Dr. Gilles Serge Odin, Département de Géologie Dynamique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, who has done most of the pioneering work on this new mineral.
Readily-extractable hydroxyaluminium interlayers in clay- and silt-sized vermiculite
Authors: Farmer V. C. , Smith B. F. L. , Wilson M. J. , Loveland P. J. , Payton R. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe dominant source of oxalate-soluble Al in the B horizon of a brown podzolic soil developed on andesite appears to be hydroxyaluminium interlayers in a dioctahedral vermiculite in the clay and silt fractions, of which the latter contributes most to the total extractable Al and fluoride reactivity of the whole soil. Cold sodium carbonate solutions extract as much interlayer Al as does oxalate, indicating that this fraction of the interlayer material is highly reactive, and sharply distinguished from more resistant interlayers which are also present.