bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive sarcopenia and myosteatosis predict prognosis of advanced HCC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Liu Mengchen , Jin Qianna , Wang Huiyan , Li Yunqiao 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundImmunotherapy stands as a pivotal modality in the therapeutic landscape for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, yet responses vary among patients. This study delves into the potential impact of sarcopenia, myosteatosis and adiposity indicators, as well as their changes during immunotherapy, on treatment response and prognosis in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 116 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors were recruited. Skeletal muscle, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and visceral adipose tissue were assessed by computed tomography at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae before and after 3 months of treatment. Sarcopenia and myosteatosis were evaluated by skeletal muscle index and mean muscle density using predefined threshold values. Patients were stratified based on specific baseline values or median values, along with alterations observed during the treatment course. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared using the log-rank test and a multifactorial Cox proportional risk model.ResultsA total of 116 patients were recruited and divided into two cohorts, 81 patients for the training set and 35 patients for the validating set. In the overall cohort, progressive sarcopenia (P=0.021) and progressive myosteatosis (P=0.001) were associated with objective response rates, whereas progressive myosteatosis (P&lt;0.001) was associated with disease control rates. In the training set, baseline sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were not significantly associated with PFS and OS. In multivariate analysis adjusting for sex, age, and other factors, progressive sarcopenia(P=0.002) and myosteatosis (P=0.018) remained independent predictors of PFS. Progressive sarcopenia (P=0.005), performance status (P=0.006) and visceral adipose tissue index (P=0.001) were all independent predictors of OS. The predictive models developed in the training set also had good feasibility in the validating set.ConclusionProgressive sarcopenia and myosteatosis are predictors of poor clinical outcomes in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors, and high baseline visceral adiposity is associated with a poorer survival.
Non-AIDS-defining comorbidities impact health related quality of life among older adults living with HIV
Authors: Zhabokritsky Alice , Klein Marina , Loutfy Mona , Guaraldi Giovanni , Andany Nisha , Guillemi Silvia , Falutz Julian , Arbess Gordon , Tan Darrell H. S. , Walmsley Sharon 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe life expectancy of people living with HIV receiving effective combination antiretroviral therapy is approaching that of the general population and non AIDS-defining age-related comorbidities are becoming of greater concern. In order to support healthy aging of this population, we set out to explore the association between multimorbidity (defined as presence of 2 or more non AIDS-defining comorbidities) and quality of life (QoL).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Correlates of Healthy Aging in Geriatric HIV (CHANGE HIV) study, a Canadian cohort of people living with HIV age 65  years and older. Study participants completed two QoL modules, the general QoL and health related QoL (HR-QoL).Results433 participants were included in the analysis with a median age of 69  years (interquartile range, IQR 67–72). The median number of comorbidities among study participants was 3 (IQR 2–4), with 78% meeting the definition of multimorbidity. General QoL scores (median 66, IQR 58–76) were lower than HR-QoL scores (median 71, IQR 61–83) and were not associated with multimorbidity after adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, household income, exercise, tobacco smoking history, malnutrition, time since HIV diagnosis, and HIV-related stigma. In contrast, multimorbidity was associated with lower HR-QoL (adjusted β = −4.57, 95% CI −8.86, −0.28) after accounting for the same variables. Several social vulnerabilities (not having a partner, low household income), health behaviours (lower engagement in exercise, smoking), and HIV-related factors (HIV stigma, longer time since HIV diagnosis) were also associated with lower QoL.DiscussionOverall, our study demonstrated a high burden of multimorbidity among older adults living with HIV in Canada, which has a negative impact on HR-QoL. Interventions aimed at preventing and managing non-AIDS-defining comorbidities should be assessed in people living with HIV to determine whether this can improve their HR-QoL.
Exploring the key deteriorative microorganisms on ancient ivories unearthed from the Sanxingdui Ruins site during temporary cold storage
Authors: Lao Guangjie , Zhou Zhiwei , Wu Rao , Wang Chong , Wu Wei , Lv Shan , Liu Jiancheng , Xie Zhenbin , Dinnyés András , Yuan Haibing , Tan Xuemei , Sun Qun 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe ancient ivories unearthed from the Sanxingdui Ruins site are valuable cultural relics, however, the microbial biodeterioration on ivories during temporary cold storage poses a great threat to their later long-term preservation.MethodsHere, the combination of high-throughput sequencing and biochemical assays was applied for the in-depth investigation of the key deteriorative microorganisms colonizing on the ivories and the tracing of their origin, as well as the assessment of the ethanol disinfection impact on the microbial communities on ivories.ResultsIt was observed that the surfaces of ivories were scattered by the fungal patches of white, dark grey, and hedge green colors during cold storage. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the genera Mortierella (38.51%), Ilyonectria (14.43%), Penicillium (1.15%), and Aspergillus (1.09%) were the dominant fungi, while Pseudomonas (22.63%), Sphingopyxis (3.06%), and Perlucidibaca (2.92%) were the dominant bacteria on ivories. The isolated Aspergillus A-2 resulted in the highest amount of calcium releasing from the degradation of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the main component of ivory, by the organic acids produced, including oxalic acid and citric acid. The fast expectation-maximization for microbial source tracking (FEAST) analysis revealed that the majority of the fungi (57.45%) and bacteria (71.84%) colonizing on the ivories were derived from the soils surrounding ivories in the sacrifice pits, indicating soils as the primary source for the spoilage microbes growing on ivories. The dominant strains could degrade cellulose, the key components of wet cotton towels commonly applied on ivories for moisture maintenance, aiding the spoilage microbes colonizing on ivories. Notably, the ivory disinfection with 75% ethanol during the cleansing significantly decreased the relative abundance of the dominant genera of Ilyonectria, Aspergillus, and Pseudomonas, with Mortierella becoming the dominant one on ivories.DiscussionTogether, the fungi, particularly Aspergillus and Penicillium, played a significant role in the microbial biodeterioration of unearthed ancient ivories by producing the organic acids. These results may improve the control of the microbial biodeterioration and develop more efficient strategies for the long-time conservation of unearthed ancient ivories and other cultural relics.
Emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms mediate the association between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD
Authors: Marques Sofia , Correia-de-Sá Teresa , Guardiano Micaela , Sampaio-Maia Benedita , Ferreira-Gomes Joana 
Published: April 2024

Background/objectivesImpulsive aggressive behaviour, although not a core symptom, is often part of the clinical presentation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently, impulsive aggression has been attributed to emotion dysregulation, which is currently conceptualised as a transdiagnostic factor and seems to contribute to the co-occurrence of other problems in ADHD. Thus, this study investigated the presence of impulsive aggressive behaviour and explored whether emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. Because ADHD may act as a risk factor for the development of other conditions, such as internalising problems, we aimed to understand whether depressive symptoms contribute to this relationship.MethodsSeventy-two children were recruited from a hospital and the community, 38 of whom had ADHD and 34 were typically developing (TD). Parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist, the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function, and the Emotion Regulation Checklist. Simple mediation and serial mediation models were performed to test our hypotheses.ResultsAggressive behaviour was significantly higher in ADHD children compared to TD children. Emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and aggressive behaviour in ADHD children. Adding depressive symptoms to the model increased the explained variance in aggressive behaviour.ConclusionThe main result of our study supports the role of emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms in mediating the relationship between inhibitory control difficulties and impulsive aggressive behaviour in children with ADHD. This highlights that aggressive behaviour is, in part, a result of the inability of the child to appropriately regulate their emotions. Future interventions may be tailored to improve emotion regulation skills to address aggressive behaviour.
Exploring behavioral intention to use telemedicine services post COVID-19: a cross sectional study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldekhyyel Raniah N. , Alshuaibi Faisal , Alsaaid Osama , Bin Moammar Faisal , Alanazy Talal , Namshah Abdulmajeed , Altassan Kholood , Aldekhyyel Reem , Jamal Amr 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWhile telemedicine offers significant benefits, there remain substantial knowledge gaps in the literature, particularly regarding its use in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to explore health consumers’ behavioral intention to use telemedicine examining the associated factors such as eHealth literacy and attitudes toward telemedicine services.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted to collect data on demographics, health status, internet skills, attitudes toward telemedicine, and eHealth literacy. An online survey was administered at two large public gatherings in Riyadh. The eHEALS-Pl scale was used to measure perceived eHealth literacy levels, and data analysis was performed using SPSS (IBM Corp. United States).ResultsThere were 385 participants, with an equal distribution of genders. The largest age group was 18–20 years old (57%). Nearly half of the participants were neither employed nor students, while 43% had access to governmental hospitals through employment. 71% reported proficiency in using the internet. Health-wise, 47% rated their health as excellent, and 56% did not have medical insurance. 87% expressed a high likelihood of using telemedicine if offered by a provider. Participants were categorized based on their eHealth Literacy scores, with 54% scoring low and 46% scoring high. Overall, participants showed positive attitudes toward telemedicine, with 82% agreeing that it saves time, money, and provides access to specialized care. About half of the participants perceived the process of seeing a doctor through telemedicine video as complex. Both eHealth Literacy and attitudes toward telemedicine showed a statistically significant association with the intention to use telemedicine (p &lt; 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between eHealth Literacy and attitudes (ρ =0.460; p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate ordinal regression analysis revealed that the odds for a high likelihood of intention to use telemedicine significantly increased with positive attitudes (p &lt; 0.001). Mediation analysis confirmed the significant mediating role of attitudes toward telemedicine in the relationship between eHealth Literacy and the intention to use telemedicine.ConclusionThe findings underline the importance of enhancing health literacy and consumer attitudes toward telemedicine, particularly during the healthcare digital transformation we are experiencing globally. This is crucial for promoting increased acceptance and utilization of telemedicine services beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Veganism, cuisine, and class: exploring taste as a facilitator in adopting a vegan lifestyle in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Giacoman Claudia , Joustra Camila 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionVeganism is a movement that avoids consuming animal products. This lifestyle is commonly represented as elitist despite the broad range of people who follow it. Using Bourdieu's taste theory, this study analyzes how personal culinary tastes of different social classes generate favorable (or unfavorable) dispositions to adopting veganism.MethodsWe analyzed 73 biographical interviews with 40 young vegans in three different waves.ResultsThe findings reveal that all social classes exhibit favorable dispositions towards veganism. In upper-class individuals, dispositions to embrace healthy and exotic food facilitate the adoption of new flavors and reflexivity in eating practices. Conversely, lower-class individuals have traditional meatless culinary practices rooted in their restricted budget, facilitating the transition to a plant-based diet.DiscussionThese results demonstrate the relevance of social class in understanding the diversity of vegan practices, and they contribute to breaking stereotypes around this movement.
Prospects and Perspectives of Health Impact Assessment: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature From June 2007 to January 2023
Authors: Lamprecht Nina , Erlanger Tobias E. , Utzinger Jürg , Winkler Mirko S. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesIn 2008, an analysis investigating health impact assessment (HIA) practice found that only 6% of HIA-related peer-reviewed publications had a focus on low- and medium-developed countries, whereas 94% were conducted in countries with a high or very high development state. We aimed to update and deepen these observations.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, searching PubMed and Web of Science for HIA-related papers published in the scientific literature from June 2007 to January 2023. Only applied HIA and papers with HIA as a subject were included.ResultsThe search yielded 3,036 publications and the final selection consisted of 1,019 publications. The annual number of total publications increased considerably over the past 15 years. Whereas research-driven HIA (n = 460) showed a steep increase, step-by-step HIA (n = 71) did not show a clear trend.ConclusionThe gap between the number of HIA-related peer-reviewed publications focusing on low/medium and high/very high developed countries has diminished from 6/94 to 11/89. There is a growing tendency to apply the terminology HIA for health impact modelling studies and quantitative health risk assessments.
Kerja Sama Korea Selatan-Indonesia dalam Akselerasi Mobil Listrik di Indonesia
Authors: El Shaddai Sada Rhema , Wijayati Hasna , Widhiyoga Ganjar 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian memiliki urgensi menganalisis implementasi kerja sama Korea Selatan dan Indonesia dalam akselerasi mobil listrik di Indonesia tahun 2019-2021. Novelty penelitian ini mengenai pembahasan kerja sama membahas government to government (G2G), government to business (G2B), business to business (B2B). Penelitian ini menggunakan teori kerja sama internasional membahas implementasi kerja sama melalui G2G dalam akselerasi mobil listrik. Serta, menggunakan teori bisnis internasional membahas implementasi kerja sama melalui B2B dalam akselerasi mobil listrik. Dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif yaitu menggambarkan topik permasalahan serta mengidentifikasi permasalahan, lalu dianalisis dengan teori yang telah ditentukan dan mendapatkan hasil sesuai korelasi penelitian. Sumber data yang digunakan melalui data publikasi pemerintah, artikel jurnal, buku, situs web, dan laporan atau publikasi pendukung lainnya. Dengan hasil penelitian ini adalah kerja sama Korea Selatan dan Indonesia dapat menjalankan 3 implementasi. Implementasi government to government (G2G), government to business (G2B), business to business (B2B) pada tahun 2019-2021. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah mobil listrik merupakan inovasi teknologi dan implementasi green growth policy. Berdampak bagi Indonesia dan Korea Selatan pada aspek ekonomi dan teknologi.
Kata kunci—Foreign Direct Investment, Indonesia, Korea Selatan, Kerja sama bilateral, Mobil listrik
Novel strategies for low-voltage NAND flash memory with negative capacitance effect
Authors: Kim Giuk , Kim Taeho , Lee Sangho , Hwang Junghyeon , Jung Minhyun , Ahn Jinho , Jeon Sanghun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Here, we present a novel approach to employing a negative capacitance (NC) phenomenon in the blocking oxide of charge trap flash (CTF) memory. To achieve this, we developed an inversible mono-domain like ferroelectric (IMFE) film through high-pressure post-deposition annealing in a forming gas at 200 atm (FG-HPPDA). The FG-HPPDA process enables to form a uniform alignment of domains and facilitates invertible domain switching behavior in ferroelectrics, generating an internal field by the flexo-electric effect as well as interface-pinned polarization by chemical reaction. Subsequently, to stabilize the NC effect, we fabricated the IMFE/Al2O3 heterostructure, which exhibits an outstanding capacitance-boosting feature. Finally, we successfully demonstrate unprecedented CTF memory with the NC effect in a blocking oxide. Our unique CTF device shows the improved performance (maximum incremental-step-pulse-programming (ISPP) slope ∼1.05) and a large MW (>8 V), attributed to the capacitance boosting by NC phenomenon.
Doping effects of conductivity improvement in anti-perovskite Na3OBr solid electrolytes
Authors: Murayama Mariko , Shi Wei , Osaki Yuki , Zhao Xinwei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Improving the ionic conductivity of solid-state sodium (Na) ion electrolytes is an urgent issue, given their widespread application in all solid-state commercial batteries, and the problems facing this industry, including source shortage, high cost, and safety issues. Substituting halogen and oxygen ions (O2−) with larger atoms is expected to enlarge this bottleneck, as the introduction of distortions in the material can result in an improvement in its ionic conductivity. In this paper, two approaches to introduce distortions into Na3OBr solid electrolytes are provided. Adding either I− or S2− to replace the smaller ions, Br− or O2−, can achieve this result. The lattice distortion increases with increasing concentration of I− or S2− in Na3OBr electrolytes, improving their ionic conductivity. We also discuss the crystallinity of electrolytes, which is an important factor for the diffusion of mobile ions.
Professional education and the needs of modern Russian industry
Authors: Gorin E. A. , Kuznetsov S. V. 
Published: April 2024

Aim. To identify the correspondence of the level of professional training of graduates of higher and secondary educational institutions to the needs of modern industry on the example of St. Petersburg enterprises, as well as to assess the dynamics of changes in the basic competencies of new employees coming from the educational environment to the labor collectives.Objectives. To determine the quality of interaction between the educational and industrial spheres on the example of St. Petersburg; to assess the level and dynamics of changes in professional knowledge and skills, social qualities and universal competencies of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions.Methods. On the basis of employers’ survey the quality of training of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions was assessed by such indicators as the level of professional knowledge and skills, social qualities and universal competences. The results of the monitoring were compared and the dynamics of changes in recent years in the quality of training of young specialists according to the main requirements of employers was revealed.Results. The degree of interaction between industrial structures and the system of professional education in the conditions of increasingly complex economic situation and social transformations is determined. The role of the enterprise as an economic unit is shown, modern labor relations in the production team are characterized. The parameters of employers’ assessment of the quality of training of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions are proposed. On the basis of employers’ data, the level and dynamics of changes in professional knowledge and skills, social qualities and universal competencies of graduates of St. Petersburg higher and secondary vocational educational institutions who were hired in 2014-2022 in the St. Petersburg production sphere were assessed. Conclusions. The directions of activation of interaction between the education system and industrial production, professional orientation of young people, formation of the creative component both in the educational process and in the production team have been proposed. The efficiency of measures on formation of progressive labor market on the basis of improvement of quality of preparation of graduates of higher and secondary professional educational institutions employed at enterprises, their quick adaptation in the conditions of production process and labor relations is determined.