bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon–Carbon Unsaturated Compounds. XVI. Photorearrangement of an Adduct Derived from Reaction of a Silicon–Carbon Unsaturated Compound with t-Butyl Alcohol
Authors: Ishikawa Mitsuo , Oda Michio , Nishimura Kunio , Kumada Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photolysis of pentamethylphenyldisilane in the presence of t-butyl alcohol gave a mixture of adducts which were readily oxidized to 1-(t-butoxydimethylsilyl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)benzene by oxygen. Photolysis of p-tolylpentamethyldisilane in the presence of t-butyl alcohol afforded 4-(t-butoxydimethylsilyl)-1-methyl-5-trimethylsilyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene (4) as a primary photoproduct. The UV-irradiation of 4 gave ring opened products, 2-(t-butoxydimethylsilyl)-5-methyl-1-trimethylsilyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 2-(t-butoxydimethylsilyl)-5-methyl-3-trimethylsilyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in a ratio of 1.8/1.
The Thermal Decomposition of Manganese(III) Phosphate Monohydrate
Authors: Narita Eiichi , Okabe Taijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Manganese(III) phosphate monohydrate begins to decompose at 200 °C by the dehydration accompanying the reduction of manganese(III) and changes completely to manganese(II) pyrophosphate at 500 °C. The reaction order and activation energy for the reduction process are 1.3 and 176.8 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Oxidation of 9-Xanthenones with Lead(IV) Acetate. Formation of Di-γ-lactones
Authors: Nishino Hiroshi , Kurosawa Kazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxidation of 9-xanthenones with lead(IV) acetate afforded 3a,3b,6a,12b-tetrahydro-2H-difuro[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]xanthene-2,5,7(3H,6H)-triones in addition to other products. Characterization of the di-γ-lactones and the difference between the oxidation reaction of lead(IV) and manganese(III) acetates in the 9-xanthenone system are discussed.
Synthesis of 3a,8a-Dihydrocyclopent[a]inden-3(8H)-one
Authors: Sugihara Yoshikazu , Sugimura Takashi , Murata Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3a,8a-Dihydrocyclopent[a]inden-3(8H)-one (6) was prepared from a known compound, 2,2-dichloro-2,2a,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclobut[a]inden-1-one, by a simple ketone 1,2-transposition followed by introduction of a double bond. The photochemical behavior of 6 was also examined.
2-(4-Chlorophenylseleno)-2-butenal as a New Dienophile for Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Uneyama Kenji , Takano Kunikazu , Torii Sigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Diels-Alder reaction of 2-(4-chlorophenylseleno)-2-butenal with butadiene, isoprene, trans 1,3-pentadiene, and cyclopentadiene provided the corresponding adducts in 80–90% yields, which were subsequently transformed into cyclohexadienal derivatives.
The Crystal Structure of Tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium Perrhenate, (TMTSF)(ReO4)(C2H3Cl3)0.25
Authors: Kobayashi Hayao , Kobayashi Akiko , Sasaki Yukiyoshi , Saito Gunzi , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of (TMTSF)(ReO4)(C2H3Cl3)2.25 was determined. The crystals are monoclinic P2/c, a=18.573(3), b=7.418(2), c=26.210(6)Å, β=107.85(2)°, Z=8. TMTSF molecules are stacked to form diadic columns along the b axis. The mode of intermolecular overlapping between adjacent TMTSF molecules shows a new mode of overlapping. The strong alternation of the intermolecular Se–Se distances along the TMTSF columns indicates that this compound is a Peierls insulator, which is consistent with the semiconducting behavior. The Peierls instability is accompanied by a bending distortion of the planar TMTSF molecules. The roomtemperature conductivity is 3×10−4 (Ω cm)−1, and the activation energy is 0.18eV. There are some short Se–O contacts between ReO4 anions and TMTSF stacks. The solvent molecnles (C2H3Cl3) are located in the channel formed along the b axis.
Thermodynamics of the Electrocapillarity of Oil–Water Interfaces
Authors: Kakiuchi Takashi , Senda Mitsugi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
General electrocapillary equations for the interfaces between two immiscible or partially miscible electrolyte solutions have been derived. The theory includes both nonpolarized and ideal polarized interfaces. The electrocapillary equation for the latter has been derived from the equation for the former as a special case where no common ionic species are distributed between the two phases. Implications of the general electrocapillary equation for oil–water interfaces are indicated.
Retention Behavior of Iron(III) Chelates with Amine-N-carboxylic Acids on Silica-gel and Octadecyl-silica Columns
Authors: Yamaguchi Akihiro , Toda Atsuko , Ohzeki Kunio , Kambara Tomihito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The separation of iron(III)–edta, –methyl-edta, –dtpa, and –cdta was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography on silica-gel (ZORBAX SIL) and octadecyl-silica (ZORBAX ODS) columns. The chelates were retained on both columns from phosphate buffer mobile phase of pH 3, while the baseline separation was not achieved on the ODS column. The degree of increase in retention caused by the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide to the eluent was greater on the ODS column than on the silica-gel column, and well separated chelates were eluted in the order, iron(III)–edta, –methyl-edta, –dtpa, and –cdta on both columns.
Synthesis of Mesoionic Triazolopyridine. II. N-Acylation of 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one
Authors: Saito Akio , Shimizu Bunji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Acyl and N-alkoxycarbonyl mesoionic triazolopyridines were synthesized by selective N-acylation of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one. Some properties of these new-type azolides were also investigated.
Functionalization of (R)-3-(3-Acetoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-isopropyl-3,4-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one and Some Related Compounds
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi , Imai Sachihiko , Ondo Kenji , Kataoka Hideo , Kato Kyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of (R)-3-(3-acetoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-7-isopropyl-3,4-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one with Fremy’s radical afforded the corresponding o-quinone, which was converted into (R)-5,6,8-triacetoxy-3-(3-acetoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-isopropyl-3,4-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one and its 5,6,9-triacetoxy isomer. (R)-3-(3-Acetoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydro-7-isopropyl-3,4-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one was also converted into (R)-9-acetoxy- and (R)-5,8,9-triacetoxy-2,3-dihydro-7-isopropyl-3-(3-methoxypropyl)-3,4-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]-furan-2-one. Transformation of (R)-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7-isopropyl-3,4-dimethylnaphtho-[2,3-b]furan-2-one into (R)-6-acetoxy-3-allyl-2,3-dihydro-7-isopropyl-3,4-dimethylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one was also achieved.
Synthetic Studies on the Validamycins. IX. Synthesis of Some Racemic Isomers of Validoxylamine A
Authors: Toyokuni Tatsushi , Ogawa Seiichiro , Suami Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two racemic isomers of validoxylamine A have been synthesized by use of coupling reactions of the protected Dl-validamine and the allylbromides, the precursors of the unsaturated branched-chain cyclitol moiety. The racemic diastereomers thus formed can be separated by chromatography on silica gel. It indicates that optically pure validoxylamine A analogs should be obtained if chiral validamine derivative is used in place of the racemate.
Stereoselective Syntheses of 3-Acetyl-1,2-dimethyl-1-cyclopentanols. Syntheses of dl-Plinols A, B, and C
Authors: Imagawa Takeshi , Matsuura Kazuyuki , Murai Nobuyuki , Akiyama Tetsuo , Kawanisi Mituyosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
c- and t-3-Acetyl-1,c-2-dimethyl-r-1-cyclopentanols and c-3-acetyl-1,t-2-dimethyl-r-1-cyclopentanol are synthesized stereoselectively and dl-plinols A, B, and C are prepared therefrom.
Ion-pair Extraction of Pyrocatechol Violet into Chloroform with Quaternary Ammoniun Salts
Authors: Hirano Yoshio , Ando Masahito , Naito Kunishige , Takei Shinsuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An extraction method was first examined for establishing possible distributions of surface-active dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTMAC) and non-surface active tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) between aqueous and organic phases. Both quaternary ammonium salts seem to be present in the form of a free ion in the aqueous phase and in the forms of an ion pair(monomer) and a dimer in the organic phase. A possible distribution of DTMAC in the organic phase was confirmed spectrometrically by following the formation of a 1 : 1 DTMAC–iodine adduct in chloroform solution. On the basis of the possible distribution of quaternary ammonium salts, an ion pair forming extraction of Pyrocatechol Violet (PV) can be successfully interpreted in terms of the anion-exchange mechanism.
The Resonance Raman Spectra of (meso-Tetraphenylporphinato)cobalt(II)-d0[Co (TPP)-d0], -d8, and -d20
Authors: Kozuka Muneteru , Iwaizumi Masamoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The resonance Raman spectra of the title complexes were measured, and a normal coordinate analysis was carried out. The 1604 and 1243 cm−1 polarized bands of Co(TPP)-d0 were assigned to resonance-enhanced phenyl modes. This suggests the presence of appreciable porphinephenyl resonance interaction in this complex.
Single-step Lithium-ion Exchange on α-Hafnium Phosphate
Authors: Tomita Isao , Magami Kazuo , Watanabe Hiroshi , Suzuki Koji , Nakamura Toshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Forward and backward pH titration curves were measured for lithium-ion exchange on crystalline α-hafnium phosphate. The forward reaction proceeded in a single step, in contrast to the corresponding process in α-zirconium phosphate. In the backward process, no intermediate crystalline phases were observed during the exchange, and the exchanger was gradually converted into gel.
Bis(crown ether) Dyes Incorporating Azophenol Structure
Authors: Kitazawa Sadaya , Kimura Keiichi , Shono Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three types of bis(crown ether) dyes bearing one or two azophenol units were synthesized, which may be expected to show different cation-complexing properties from the corresponding monocyclic crown ether dyes. The extraction of alkali and alkaline-earth metal salts with the crown ether dyes suggested that some cooperative action of the two adjacent crown ether moieties of the bis(crown ether)s occurs on complexing metal cations, although the bis(crown ether) effect is not very remarkable.
A Rubrene Problem. Reaction of 3,3,4,4-Tetrabromo-1,2-bis(diphenylmethylene)cyclobutane and Dichloroacetic Acid
Authors: Toda Fumio , Sasaoka Michio , Todo Yozo , Iida Kunio , Hino Toru , Nishiyama Yasuaki , Ueda Hideo , Oshima Tokio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Heating of 3,3,4,4-tetrabromo-1,2-bis(diphenylmethylene)cyclobutane in dichloroacetic acid afforded bridgehead olefin, 7-bromo-1,4,8-triphenyl-2,3-benzobicyclo[3.3.0]octa-2,4,7-trien-6-one, and spiroketone, 2-bromo-2′,3-diphenylspiro[1H-indene-1,1′(4′H)-naphthalen]-4′-one (13). Mechanism of the reaction was discussed. X-Ray structural study of the spiroketone 13 was also reported.
Some Problems Associated with the Exact Solution Conformation of Poly(α-l-glutamic acid) as Determined by Optical Methods
Authors: Yamaoka Kiwamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By combining the experimental data on circular dichroism and light scattering, the helical conformation of poly(Glu) in 0.15 mol dm−3 NaCl solutions was estimated. The axial translation per residue was probably in the range of 1.2–1.3 Å for the unaggregated helix, while the persistence length was ca. 120 Å for the random-coil.
Synthesis of Diphenyl-substituted Flavonoid Compounds on Both Benzene Rings
Authors: Matsumura Hisashi , Tsuchiya Toshio , Imafuku Kimiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Condensation of o-hydroxyacetophenone and its 3- and 5-phenyl-substituted compounds with 2- or 4-methoxy-biphenyl-3-carbaldehyde gave six mono- and diphenyl-substituted 2′-hydroxychalcones (5a–f), which were cyclized with alkali to afford the flavanones. The chalcones 5a–f were also converted to the corresponding flavones via chalcone bromides.
Convenient Synthesis of (1-Alkyl-2-hydroxyethyl)diphenylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Yamashita Mitsuji , Yamada Manabu , Tsunekawa Kenji , Inokawa Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1-Alkyl-2-hydroxyethyl)diphenylphosphine oxides were synthesized from the corresponding (1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl)diphenylphosphine oxides in excellent yields. The structures of 2-hydroxy derivatives and their acetates were confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses.
Mechanochemical Change in the Solid State of Hexobarbital
Authors: Ikekawa Akiko , Hayakawa Sohachiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of ball-milling on X-ray diffraction diagrams, IR spectra, DTA and DSC thermograms of hexobarbital was investigated. It was found that the regularity at the crystal part changed upon ball-milling without any diluent. In addition to this change, an amorphous part increased upon ball-milling with microcrystal-line cellulose (MCC). The solubility in a KH2PO4–Na2HPO4 buffer solution (pH 6.0) also increased upon ball-milling with MCC, though the solubility did not change without MCC. The analysis of IR spectra indicated that hydrogen bonds were formed between the C=O group of hexobarbital and the OH group of MCC upon ball-milling. Both the increase in the amorphous part and solubilization of hexobarbital upon ball-milling were attributed to the stabilization of the amorphous state caused by the interaction with MCC.
Convenient Methods for the Preparation of p-Dialkylaminophenylacetylenes
Authors: Akiyama Shuzo , Nakatsuji Shin’ichi , Yoshida Keiko , Nakashima Kenichiro , Hagiwara Toshimitsu , Tsuruta Haruki , Yoshida Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two convenient methods for the preparation of p-dialkylaminophenylacetylenes are reported: a) Dehydrobromination of the brominated compounds obtained easily from the dialkylamino substituted cinnamic acids in acetic acid instead of chloroform; b) dehydrochlorination of the 2-chlorostyrene derivative obtained from the reaction of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with chloromethylenetriphenylphosphorane.
Circular Dichroism of Chromium(III) Complexes. VIII. Circular Dichroism Spectra of Mixed Diamine Complexes of trans-[CrF2(N)4]+ Type
Authors: Kaizaki Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ligand field absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra were examined not only for trans-difluoro bis(diamine)chromium(III) complexes with two identical chiral diamines but also for nine new mixed diamine complexes of the same type with different diamines, which were ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, (R)- and (S)-propylenediamine, (1R, 2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, (2R, 4R)- and (2R, 4R)-2,4-pentanediamine. The additivity of the CD contributions from the individual chiral diamines were substantiated for most of these complexes. On this basis, the conformational and the vicinal CD contribution due to puckered diamine rings and asymmetric carbon atoms, respectively, were differentiated, and the CD origins of all the present complexes were discussed in connection with stereochemistry.
Circular Dichroism of Chromium(III) Complexes. IX. Circular Dichroism Spectra and Stereochemistry of Dinitritobis(diamine)chromium(III) Complexes
Authors: Kaizaki Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of optically active dinitritobis(diamine)chromium(III) complexes were measured in the visible and near-ultraviolet region, where the diamines used were ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, (R)-propylenediamine, (1R, 2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine, (2R, 4R)- and (2R, 4S)-2,4-pentanedianiine. The stereochemistry and the conformational (rotational) isomerism of coordinated nitrito ligands were discussed on the basis of the solvent-dependent CD spectra in the near-ultraviolet region of an intraligand absorption band localized on nitrito ligands. It is proposed that the CD variation in the intraligand transition region among the complexes concerned is responsible for the chiral arrangement of nitrito ligands. Further, the conformation of trimethylenediamine chelate in the trans-dinitrito-(R)-propylenediamine complex is determined to take a chair form in comparison with the CD behavior of the corresponding (2R, 4S)-2,4-pentanediainine complex.
Asymmetric Cross-coupling of Organozinc Reagents with Alkenyl Bromides Catalyzed by a Chiral Ferrocenylphosphine-Palladium Complex
Authors: Hayashi Tamio , Hagihara Toshiya , Katsuro Yoshio , Kumada Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Organozinc reagents, prepared from secondary alkyl Grignard reagents (ArRCHMgCl: Ar=Ph, p-Tol; R=Me, Et) and excess zinc halides, were allowed to react with vinyl bromide and (E)-β-bromostyrene in the presence of dichloro[(R)-N,N-dimethyl-1-[(S)-2-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenyl]ethylamine]palladium(II) as a catalyst to give the corresponding coupling products of up to 86% enantiomeric excess.
A Study of Local Structure Formation in Binary Solutions of 2-Butoxyethanol and Water by Rayleigh Scatterring and Raman Spectra
Authors: Ito Nobuyuki , Fujiyama Tsunetake , Udagawa Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The concentration dependence of concentration fluctuations at 21, 32, and 42 °C and of Raman spectra at 21 °C were measured for binary solutions of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) and water. The existence of the two kinds of local structures is inferred; clathrate hydrate-like structure g[(H2O)50BE] and aggregate h[(H2O)4BE]. The compositions of these two structures are the same as those of the two phases into which the solution separates above the critical solution temperature. The phase separation is understood to be the end of the growth of the local structures, which already exist well below the critical solution temperature.
Reduction of Organic Sulfonic Acids, Sodium Sulfonates, and Sulfonic Esters to the Corresponding Disulfides with Polyphosphoric Acid Derivatives, Potassium Iodide and Tetrabutylammonium Iodide System
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Togo Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Organic sulfonic acids, sodium sulfonates, and alkyl sulfonates were readily reduced to the corresponding disulfides in moderate yields upon treatment with a mixture of a polyphosphoric acid derivative and iodide. In these reactions, formation of mixed anhydrides each having a P–O–S linkage is the key step, and subsequent attack of iodide on the sulfur atom gives the corresponding sulfonyl iodides which are reduced further exothermally to the disulfides with hydrogen iodide. Actually, p-toluenesulfonyl chloride was isolated in the reaction of p-toluenesulfonic acid and polyphosphoric acid derivatives with chloride ion. The competitive reduction of various aromatic sulfonic acids reveals that an aromatic sulfonic acid bearing an electron-donating para-substituent is more readily reduced to the disulfide than that which has an electron-withdrawing para-substituent.
Electrical Dark- and Photo-conductivities of 2-(p-Decyloxybenzilideneamino)-9-fluorenone in the Nematic State
Authors: Okamoto Ken-ichi , Nakajima Shu , Ueda Michiko , Itaya Akira , Kusabayashi Shigekazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of 2-(p-decyloxybenzylideneamino)-9-fluorenone (DBAF), which has a large π-electronic group, was investigated in the nematic state. The dark conductivity showed a positive anisotropy and was attributed to ionic conduction. The photocurrent was observed in the absorption region of DBAF and was enhanced by doping with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone. The photocarriers seem to be generated from the excited state of DBAF by one photonic process.
Studies of Cyanamide Derivatives. Part 109. A Convenient Method for Preparation of 4-Aminothiazole Compounds from Alkoxythiocarbonylcyanamide Salts
Authors: Fuchigami Toshio , Yeh Mou-Yung , Nonaka Tsutomu , Tient Hsien-Ju 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
α-Halo derivatives of ketones, ester, and nitrile reacted readily with potassium ethoxythiocarbonylcyanamide to provide the corresponding 4-amino-2-ethoxythiazole compounds in good yields, while α-halo amide did not. In a similar manner, α,α′-dihalo ketone reacted with 2 equiv of alkoxythiocarbonylcyanamide and S-methyl N-cyanocarbamodithioate salts to give the corresponding bis(4-amino-5-thiazolyl) ketones.
Preparation and Chelation Properties of Polystyrene–Divinylbenzene Copolymer Resins Containing Pyridylamines, Salicylamine, and 2-Thenylamine
Authors: Yokoyama Toshiro , Kikuchi Atsushi , Kimura Tetsuo , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bidentate and tridentate ligands, 2-pyridylmethylamine, N-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]ethylenediamine, salicylamine, and 2-thenylamine are incorporated into polystyrene–2%-divinylbenzene copolymer beads. These chelating resins are evaluated for their chelation capacity toward transition metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) at various pH. The chelating resins containing pyridine derivatives show a high capacity and selectivity. The selectivity of the resins for the metal ions is in the order, Cu2+&gt;&gt;Ni2+&gt;Co2+≥Zn2+ which is in accord with the order of the formation constants of the introduced ligands. Separation of a metal ion mixture (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) into its components is undertaken by a column containing the chelating resin derived from N-[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]ethylenediamine. The present resins can also be used for the elimination of trace amount of harmful heavy metal ions such as Hg2+ and CrO42−.
Regioselective Carboxylation of 9-Xanthenones with Manganese(III) Acetate
Authors: Nishino Hiroshi , Kurosawa Kazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Seven 9-xanthenones were oxidized with manganese(III) acetate to give carboxy-, dicarboxy-, (acetoxymethyl)(carboxy)-, (carboxy)(hydroxymethyl)-, and acetoxymethyl-9-xanthenones, and to yield small amounts of (carboxymethyl)(carboxy)-, carboxymethyl-, (acetoxymethyl)(carboxymethyl)-, bis(acetoxymethyl)-, and diacetoxymethyl-9-xanthenones. The carboxyl group was preferentially introduced into the peri positions and the acetoxymethyl groups were located at positions ortho to the methoxyl or methyl group. The regioselectivity and mechanism of the carboxylation reaction is discussed briefly.
N-Methyl-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl Chloride as a Potential Intermediate for Nitrogen-heterocycles. Preparation of 1-Methyl-3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and -pyrazoles
Authors: Ito Suketaka , Tanaka Yumo , Kakehi Akikazu , Fukuyama Toshihiko , Osawa Nobuo , Sayo Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3,5-Disubstituted 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and -pyrazoles were obtained in good to moderate yields by the reaction of N-methyl-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzohydrazonoyl chloride with nitriles and with acetylenes in the presence of aluminum chloride. The triazoles were also formed by the reaction of acid chlorides with N-methyl-N-(phenylsulfonyl)benzamidrazone which was generated from the hydrazonoyl chloride and ammonia.
Phase Behavior of 2-Butoxyethanols/Water/Oil Systems
Authors: Kunieda Hironobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phase diagrams of 2-isobutoxyethanol (D)/water (W)/decane (O) system were studied at 2.0, 8.2, 15.0, 19.0, and 19.8 °C. The addition of O lowers the critical solution temperature of the D–W system from 26.2 to 2.0 °C, at which temperature the critical solution curve ends with the lower critical end point (Kc). On the other hand, the addition of W raises the critical solution temperature of the O–D system to 19.8 °C at which the critical solution curve ends with another critical end point (Lc). A three-phase region consisting of O, D, and W phases appears in a temperature range between the two critical end temperatures.
The Wallach Rearrangement of Some 4,4′-Disubstituted Azoxybenzenes
Authors: Shimao Ichiro , Oae Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The treatment of azoxybenzenes bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at 4,4′-positions with sulfuric acid gave the corresponding 2-hydroxyazobenzenes, together with 4′-substituted 4-hydroxyazobenzenes. The treatment of 4,4′-dimethoxyazoxybenzene with p-toluenesulfonic acid and acetic anhydride afforded 4,4′-dimethoxy-3-acetoxyazobenzene and 4,4′-dimethoxy-2-tosyloxyazobenzene as the main rearrangement products.