bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal waveguide structure for low-threshold InGaN/GaN-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Hsieh Wen-Hsuan , Huang Duan-Hsin , Chen Tien-Chiu , Chang Po-Yang , Lu Tien-Chang , Huang Chia-Yen 
Published: April 2024

We analyzed the optimal waveguide structure of two types of InGaN-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) to suppress the coupling with leaky modes via mode simulations. To minimize the threshold material gain (gth), we calculated the confinement factor and quality factor of PCSELs with varying waveguide layer thicknesses in the separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) layer. The optical mode intensity profile revealed the coupling between the fundamental mode of SCH and parasitic leaky modes in the cladding layer or substrate as the primary root cause of the low-quality factor and high threshold gain of PCSELs. The asymmetric nature of the SCH structure yielded the optimal waveguide structure to be dependent on the position of the air holes. With a proper waveguide thickness and air hole depth, the optimized threshold modal gain of PCSELs with the n-side air holes can be less than 30 cm−1.
Comparative study of metallic foil friction stir welded and conventional friction stir welded AZ61 Mg alloy butt joints: Biomedical and engineering applications
Authors: Sidhu Ramandeep Singh , Farwaha Harnam Singh , Kumar Raman , Bains Pardeep Singh , Prakash Chander , Kumar Raman , Chowdhury Sohini , Chan Choon Kit 
Published: April 2024

Metallic Foil Friction Stir Welding (MFFSW) was newly developed from the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) technique. Magnesium (Mg) alloys were the most trending alloys in the aerospace, automobile, and biomedical industries. This study aims to investigate the variation in mechanical, corrosive, microstructural, and fractographic properties of MFFSW as a process innovation when compared with FSW. The metallic foil of pure manganese (Mn) with a thickness of 500 μm was inserted between two AZ61 Mg alloys. The tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness were noted as mechanical properties of the output. Potentiodynamic corrosion tests were performed to reveal the corrosion properties. An optical microscope was used to examine a distinct transverse section of the weld. Fractography tests with scanning electron microscopic analysis were conducted on destructive tensile specimens. The ultimate tensile strength, impact energy, yield strength, and microhardness increased to 16%, 32%, 12%, and 19.17%, respectively, compared to FSW. MMFSW shows a lower elongation of up to 33% than FSW. MMFSW (9.61 mm/A) shows a lower corrosion rate than FSW (11.02 mm/A), which employs improved corrosion properties. Optical microscopy images of the stir zone in both MFFSW and FSW revealed that adding a Mn alloying element improved grain growth uniformity and eliminated unexpected grain growth patterns. Hence, the experiment’s conclusion shows that MFFSW has the edge over FSW for mechanical and corrosion properties. Thus, the Mn strip improves the properties of MFFSW.
Bandgap engineering and enhanced optical properties of Hf3X2O2 (X = N, P, As) novel 2D MXene structures using first-principles study
Authors: Rahman S. M. Mahbubur , Hasan Khan Md. Sakib , Islam Md. Rafiqul 
Published: April 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes, having comparable transport properties like graphene and a wide spectrum application, are often limited to being used in optoelectronics due to metallic bandgap. Here, by employing density functional theory we report the bandgap engineering and tuning optoelectronic properties through modulating the anions of novel 2D spinel Hf3X2O2 (X = N, P and As) MXenes structures and show that the material class can be among the few semiconducting MXenes. Phonon spectra and cohesive energies confirm that these structures are dynamically stable and chemically exothermic. Modulating anions X = N, P, and As in Hf3X2O2, the electronic bandgaps are found ∼0.46 eV for N, metallic for P, and ∼48 meV for As atoms, suggesting the semiconducting, metallic, and semi-metallic MXenes. The biaxial strains are incorporated to tune the features: In the Hf3N2O2 structure, the bandgap is increased with both compressive and tensile strains, while for the Hf3As2O2 structure, the gap decreased at the GGA-PBE level. For Hf3P2O2 structures, the bandgaps are all metallic irrespective of pristine or biaxial strain. Spin–orbit coupling SOC+GGA reveals that Hf3N2O2 is highly spin responsive while Hf3As2O2 shows semi-metal-to-metallic bandgap transition for pristine as well as biaxial strained conditions. From optical properties analysis, optical absorptions are found located in the visible spectral regions that are also highly receptive to biaxial strains. These properties we have unleashed for the novel Hf3X2O2 (X = N, P, As) semiconducting MXene, thus, show the potentiality of the utilization of the material class in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications.
Gaps in gender reporting in National Reports of Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (2021–2022)
Authors: Whitacre James C. 
Published: April 2024

Context The Ramsar Convention is the world’s premier environmental treaty for wetlands. This perspective evaluates gender reporting in Ramsar Convention National Reports and compliance with Gender and Wetlands Resolution XIII.18. A total of 71.8% (n = 42) of the sampled nation reports (n = 133) did not submit National Reports. Zero nations provided statistics on equitable pay or pay gaps by gender. In the sampled reports, only 10 nations submitted sex-disaggregated data. Further, only 7.5% (n = 123) of the sampled National Reports (n = 133) provided sex-disaggregated gender data relevant to the Ramsar Convention. Fifteen National Reports deleted the question on gender (Section H) on from their report entirely, including Denmark and Germany. With evidence drawn from the submitted National Reports, this perspective provides concrete empirical suggestions for improving gender reporting in the future. Gender initiatives, including Resolution XIII.18 and the related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have improved transparent gender reporting in the Ramsar Convention National Reports to a degree. However, on the basis of this review, there is room for improvement in national reporting. Methods National Reports from 2021 to 2022 were reviewed for all instances of ‘gender’ and then evaluated for national replies to Section H, focused on gender. Key results Five years after Resolution XIII.18, there is still a need for system-wide improvements in gender reporting, including sex-disaggregated data, and equity for women (cis and trans) for the Ramsar Convention to become compliant with Resolution XIII.18. Complying with Resolution XIII.18 is one concrete, global and measurable way for wetland science and policy to mainstream gender. Conclusions No nation has prepared a comprehensive answer to Section H on gender and wetland policy and science, as defined below; instead, nations have submitted discrete elements. The analysis of each nation’s answers showed essential elements for a comprehensive answer. In the next 5 years of gender reporting, nations have the option to learn from the past and strive to comply with Resolution XIII.18 and provide transparent sex-disaggregated data on National Heads, community stakeholders, site interpreters, site managers and equitable salary data.
Healthcare interpreters X, Y, Z
Authors: Monzó-Nebot Esther , Álvarez-Álvarez Cristina R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study explores how differences between generations X (people born from 1965 to 1980), Y (1980s and 1990s),
and Z (mid-90s to early 2000s) have an impact on healthcare interpreters’ job satisfaction. Based on self-determination theory
(SDT), the paper argues that the degree to which a work environment nurtures interpreters’ feelings of competence, connectedness,
and autonomy can determine how motivated they feel, resulting in different degrees of job satisfaction. Stressing the organismic
component in SDT, the paper further hypothesizes that the motivation in healthcare interpreting is mediated by interpreters’
values and that these vary across generations. An exploratory and qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews is
conducted with 9 interpreters (3 from each generational group) who are working or have worked for the same hospital group. The
differences in motivational factors and satisfaction are explored and implications for the ability of healthcare interpreting to
retain the different generations are discussed.
Revising a literary translation for publication
Authors: Borg Claudine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite the surge of interest in translation revision and its ubiquitousness in translation processes, minimal
scholarly research has been carried out into the revision of literary translations (Koponen
et al. 2021, 10). This article responds to calls in the literature for empirical studies examining the creation of
actual published translations. It aims to partially address this gap by reporting on the processes and practices occurring during
the revision of my Maltese translation of Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt’s Concerto à la mémoire d’un ange. Although
numerous translation scholars are also practising translators, we rarely look at our own processes and practices. Not only is this
reality of translation revision largely overlooked but also the wealth of empirical data generated during the translation process
remains unexploited. Drawing on my own translation practice, this study adopts an autoethnographic approach to provide insights
into how revision materialised in this specific literary translation. Meticulously conserved real-life data are analysed in order
to shed light on the agents involved in the revision process, their role and power.
Control and mathematical design of PV-based renewable energy systems for LCL-SR filter-based power quality improvement
Authors: Tiwari Anurag 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Power quality challenges arise when photovoltaic (PV) systems are integrated into power networks. This research work examines the control and mathematical design of an LCL-SR (series resistance) filter for power quality improvement in PV-based sustainable energy systems to meet this difficulty. Power quality may be improved via an LCL filter in grid-connected systems. A non-linear load-connected PV system incorporates a variety of power electronics controllers, including an MPPT controller, battery controller, and inverter current controller, which introduce harmonics into the grid. A passive filter, LCL-SR, is suggested for PV applications that interact with voltage source inverters and the utility grid or electric load to reduce harmonics. A detailed mathematical modeling is presented to design an LCL-SR filter, and its performance is evaluated under different load conditions in terms of THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) and efficiency. LCL-SR filter has 4.32% THD but in the case of LCL filter with parallel R is less THD, which is 3.61%. In terms of efficiency and THD LCL-SR is best among all compared filters which have THD is 4.32% along with an efficiency is 75.95%. The results are compared without a filter, and different configurations of LCL-SR are simulated to show the effectiveness of the proposed filter for PV & residential applications.
Two novel temperature-based topological indices with strong potential to predict physicochemical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with applications to silicon carbide nanotubes
Authors: Hayat Sakander , Alanazi Seham J F , Liu Jia-Bao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
For a vertex x ∈ V

G
, the temperature T

x
of x is defined as T

x
= d

x
/n − d

x
. A topological/graphical index G

I
is a map

GI
:
∑
→
R

, where ∑ (resp.

R

) is the set of chemical graphs (resp. real numbers). Graphical indices are employed in structure-property & structure-activity modeling to predict physicochemical/thermodynamic/bilogical characteristics of a compound. A temperature-based graphical index of a chemical graph G is defined as GI

T
≔ ∑edges
f(T

x
, t

y
), where f(T

x
, T

y
) is a symmetric 2-variable map. In this paper, we introduce two new novel temperature-based indices known as the reduced reciprocal product-connectivity temperature (RRPT) index and the geometric-arithmetic temperature (GAT) index. The predictive potential of these indices have been investigated by employing them in structure-property modeling of physicochemical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The normal boiling point (bp) and the standard enthalpy of formation

Δ

H

f

o

are selected as representatives of physicochemical characteristics. Intermolecular & van der Waals kind of interactions have been represented by bp, whereas,

Δ

H

f

o

advocates for thermal characteristics of a compound. In order to validate the statistical inference, the lower 22 PAHs have been opted as test molecules as their experimental data is also publicly available. We propose a computational method to compute all temperature indices in literature and employ it to compute them for the lower 22 PAHs. Besides all the existing temperature indices, both RRPT & GAT are used in a quality testing to predict bp and

Δ

H

f

o

for lower PAHs. Our statistical analysis asserts that both RRPT & GAT outperformed all the existing temperature indices for correlating bp and

Δ

H

f

o

for lower PAHs. Most appropriate data-fitting regression models have been suggested to be linear. Since RRPT has the both of correlation coefficients >0.95, the study implicates its further employability in structure-property modeling. Importantly, our research contributes towards countering proliferation of graphical indices. Applications to well-performing temperature indices to correlate physicochemical characteristics of silicon carbide nanotubes are presented.
A constrained NILC method for CMB B mode observations
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Liu Yang , Li Si-Yu , Li Haifeng , Li Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Internal Linear Combination (ILC) method is commonly employed to extract the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal from multi-frequency observation maps.
However, the performance of the ILC method tends to degrade when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is relatively low, particularly when measuring the primordial B-modes to detect the primordial gravitational waves. To address this issue, an enhanced version of the ILC method, known as constrained ILC, is proposed.
This method is designed to be more suitable for situations with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by incorporating additional prior foreground information.
In our study, we have modified the constraint Needlet ILC method and successfully improved its performance at low SNR.
We illustrate our methods using mock data generated from the combination of WMAP, Planck and a ground-based experiment in the northern hemisphere, and the chosen noise level for the ground-based experiment are very conservative which can be easily achieved in the very near future. The results show that the level of foreground residual can be well controlled. In comparison to the standard NILC method, which introduces a bias to the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) of approximately 0.05, the constrained NILC method exhibits a significantly reduced bias of only around 5 × 10-3 towards r which is much smaller than the statistical error.
The potential of urban trees to reduce heat-related mortality in London
Authors: Taylor Jonathon , Simpson Charles , Brousse Oscar , Viitanen Anna-Kaisa , Heaviside Clare 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Increasing temperatures and more frequent heatwave events pose threats to population health, particularly in urban environments due to the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Greening, in particular planting trees, is widely discussed as a means of reducing heat exposure and associated mortality in cities. This study aims to use data from personal weather stations (PWS) across the Greater London Authority to understand how urban temperatures vary according to tree canopy coverage and estimate the heat-health impacts of London’s urban trees. Data from Netatmo PWS from 2015–2022 were cleaned, combined with official Met Office temperatures, and spatially linked to tree canopy coverage and built environment data. A generalized additive model was used to predict daily average urban temperatures under different tree canopy coverage scenarios for historical and projected future summers, and subsequent health impacts estimated. Results show areas of London with higher canopy coverage have lower urban temperatures, with average maximum daytime temperatures 0.8 °C and minimum temperatures 2.0 °C lower in the top decile versus bottom decile canopy coverage during the 2022 heatwaves. We estimate that London’s urban forest helped avoid 153 heat attributable deaths from 2015–2022 (including 16 excess deaths during the 2022 heatwaves), representing around 16% of UHI-related mortality. Increasing tree coverage 10% in-line with the London strategy would have reduced UHI-related mortality by a further 10%, while a maximal tree coverage would have reduced it 55%. By 2061–2080, under RCP8.5, we estimate that London’s current tree planting strategy can help avoid an additional 23 heat-attributable deaths a year, with maximal coverage increasing this to 131. Substantial benefits would also be seen for carbon storage and sequestration. Results of this study support increasing urban tree coverage as part of a wider public health effort to mitigate high urban temperatures.
Noether invariance theory for the equilibrium force structure of soft matter
Authors: Hermann Sophie , Sammüller Florian , Schmidt Matthias 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We give details and derivations for the Noether invariance theory that characterizes the spatial equilibrium structure of inhomogeneous classical many-body systems, as recently proposed and investigated for bulk systems (Sammüller et al 2023 Phys. Rev. Lett.
130 268203). Thereby an intrinsic thermal symmetry against a local shifting transformation on phase space is exploited on the basis of the Noether theorem for invariant variations. We consider the consequences of the shifting that emerge at second order in the displacement field that parameterizes the transformation. In a natural way the standard two-body density distribution is generated. Its second spatial derivative is thereby balanced by two further and different two-body correlation functions, which respectively introduce thermally averaged force correlations and force gradients in a systematic and microscopically sharp way into the framework. Separate exact self and distinct sum rules express this balance. We exemplify the validity of the theory on the basis of computer simulations for the Lennard–Jones gas, liquid, and crystal, the Weeks–Chandler–Andersen fluid, monatomic Molinero–Moore water at ambient conditions, a three-body-interacting colloidal gel former, the Yukawa and soft-sphere dipolar fluids, and for isotropic and nematic phases of Gay–Berne particles. We describe explicitly the derivation of the sum rules based on Noether’s theorem and also give more elementary proofs based on partial phase space integration following Yvon’s theorem.
Stochastic path power and the Laplace transform
Authors: Fitzgerald S P , Honour T J W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Transition probabilities for stochastic systems can be expressed in terms of a functional integral over paths taken by the system. Approximately evaluating this integral by the saddle point method in the weak-noise limit leads to a remarkable mapping between dominant stochastic paths through the potential V and conservative, Hamiltonian mechanics with an effective potential

−

|

∇
V

|
2

. The conserved ‘energy’ in this effective system has dimensions of power. We show that this power, H, can be identified with the Laplace parameter of the time-transformed dynamics. As H → 0, corresponding to the long-time limit, the equilibrium Boltzmann density is recovered. However, keeping H finite leads to insights into the non-equilibrium behaviour of the system. Moreover, it facilitates the explicit summation over families of trajectories, which is far harder in the time domain, and turns out to be essential for making contact with the long-time limit in some cases. We illustrate the validity of these results using simple examples that can be explicitly solved by other means.
Bioprinting of human dermal microtissues precursors as building blocks for endogenous in vitro connective tissue manufacturing
Authors: Scalzone Annachiara , Imparato Giorgia , Urciuolo Francesco , Netti Paolo A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The advent of 3D bioprinting technologies in tissue engineering has unlocked the potential to fabricate in vitro tissue models, overcoming the constraints associated with the shape limitations of preformed scaffolds. However, achieving an accurate mimicry of complex tissue microenvironments, encompassing cellular and biochemical components, and orchestrating their supramolecular assembly to form hierarchical structures while maintaining control over tissue formation, is crucial for gaining deeper insights into tissue repair and regeneration. Building upon our expertise in developing competent three-dimensional tissue equivalents (e.g. skin, gut, cervix), we established a two-step bottom-up approach involving the dynamic assembly of microtissue precursors (μTPs) to generate macroscopic functional tissue composed of cell-secreted extracellular matrix (ECM). To enhance precision and scalability, we integrated extrusion-based bioprinting technology into our established paradigm to automate, control and guide the coherent assembly of μTPs into predefined shapes. Compared to cell-aggregated bioink, our μTPs represent a functional unit where cells are embedded in their specific ECM. μTPs were derived from human dermal fibroblasts dynamically seeded onto gelatin-based microbeads. After 9 days, μTPs were suspended (50% v/v) in Pluronic-F127 (30% w/v) (µTP:P30), and the obtained formulation was loaded as bioink into the syringe of the Dr.INVIVO-4D6 extrusion based bioprinter. µTP:P30 bioink showed shear-thinning behavior and temperature-dependent viscosity (gel at T > 30 °C), ensuring µTPs homogenous dispersion within the gel and optimal printability. The bioprinting involved extruding several geometries (line, circle, and square) into Pluronic-F127 (40% w/v) (P40) support bath, leveraging its shear-recovery property. P40 effectively held the bioink throughout and after the bioprinting procedure, until µTPs fused into a continuous connective tissue. µTPs fusion dynamics was studied over 8 days of culture, while the resulting endogenous construct underwent 28 days culture. Histological, immunofluorescence analysis, and second harmonic generation reconstruction revealed an increase in endogenous collagen and fibronectin production within the bioprinted construct, closely resembling the composition of the native connective tissues.