bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of the 1996 Saguenay Flood Cyclone: Effect of Assimilation of Precipitation Data on Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Nagarajan Badrinath , Yau M. K. , Fillion Luc 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) technique is applied to assimilate rain gauge precipitation data to extend the predictability of the Saguenay flood cyclone associated with a trough-merger event on 19–21 July 1996 in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada.Two 60-h simulations initialized at 0000 UTC 19 July were performed with the Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) model. The control (CTL) and NCEP simulations were initialized with the enhanced temperature and moisture profiles obtained from the 1DVAR scheme and the NCEP reanalysis data, respectively.Compared to observations, the CTL simulation reasonably reproduced the observed mass and wind fields and showed a marked improvement in the threat scores for heavy precipitation. The CTL run captured the observed spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation but overpredicted the area of precipitation. Sensitivity experiments showed that the threat (bias) scores are less (somewhat) sensitive to the specification of the observation error of the precipitation data. Of the four precipitation systems present at model initial time, the systems in the vicinity of the southern trough had the biggest impact on the threat score.Potential vorticity diagnostics of the CTL simulation suggested that the initial temperature and moisture field near the southern trough decreased the condensational heating relative to NCEP. This resulted in a stronger zonal wind component in the upper levels associated with the southern trough in CTL that retarded the eastward propagation of the northern trough, resulting in a correct placement of the surface precipitation and an improvement in the threat scores relative to NCEP.
Stability is not immobility
Authors: Foster Pam , Foster Allan 
Published: May 2006

This article surveys the use of business information in UK libraries, based on two questionnaires sent to libraries/information departments in autumn 2005. Summary of findings: stable and improving budgetary and staffing position; more outsourcing and offshoring; quality of new staff improving; KM increasingly recognized and mainstreamed; e-content improvement, service development and end-user training are top three strategic priorities; and market for pay-as-you-go access bottoming out.
Statistical modeling of biomedical corpora: mining the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center Bibliography for genes related to life span
Authors: Blei DM , Franks K , Jordan MI , Mian IS 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
The statistical modeling of biomedical corpora could yield integrated, coarse-to-fine views of biological phenomena that complement discoveries made from analysis of molecular sequence and profiling data. Here, the potential of such modeling is demonstrated by examining the 5,225 free-text items in the Caenorhabditis Genetic Center (CGC) Bibliography using techniques from statistical information retrieval. Items in the CGC biomedical text corpus were modeled using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. LDA is a hierarchical Bayesian model which represents a document as a random mixture over latent topics; each topic is characterized by a distribution over words.

Results
An LDA model estimated from CGC items had better predictive performance than two standard models (unigram and mixture of unigrams) trained using the same data. To illustrate the practical utility of LDA models of biomedical corpora, a trained CGC LDA model was used for a retrospective study of nematode genes known to be associated with life span modification. Corpus-, document-, and word-level LDA parameters were combined with terms from the Gene Ontology to enhance the explanatory value of the CGC LDA model, and to suggest additional candidates for age-related genes. A novel, pairwise document similarity measure based on the posterior distribution on the topic simplex was formulated and used to search the CGC database for "homologs" of a "query" document discussing the life span-modifying clk-2 gene. Inspection of these document homologs enabled and facilitated the production of hypotheses about the function and role of clk-2.

Conclusion
Like other graphical models for genetic, genomic and other types of biological data, LDA provides a method for extracting unanticipated insights and generating predictions amenable to subsequent experimental validation.
Regularized binormal ROC method in disease classification using microarray data
Authors: Ma Shuangge , Song Xiao , Huang Jian 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackgroundAn important application of microarrays is to discover genomic biomarkers, among tens of thousands of genes assayed, for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Thus it is of interest to develop efficient statistical methods that can simultaneously identify important biomarkers from such high-throughput genomic data and construct appropriate classification rules. It is also of interest to develop methods for evaluation of classification performance and ranking of identified biomarkers.ResultsThe ROC (receiver operating characteristic) technique has been widely used in disease classification with low dimensional biomarkers. Compared with the empirical ROC approach, the binormal ROC is computationally more affordable and robust in small sample size cases. We propose using the binormal AUC (area under the ROC curve) as the objective function for two-sample classification, and the scaled threshold gradient directed regularization method for regularized estimation and biomarker selection. Tuning parameter selection is based onV-fold cross validation. We develop Monte Carlo based methods for evaluating the stability of individual biomarkers and overall prediction performance. Extensive simulation studies show that the proposed approach can generate parsimonious models with excellent classification and prediction performance, under most simulated scenarios including model mis-specification. Application of the method to two cancer studies shows that the identified genes are reasonably stable with satisfactory prediction performance and biologically sound implications. The overall classification performance is satisfactory, with small classification errors and large AUCs.ConclusionIn comparison to existing methods, the proposed approach is computationally more affordable without losing the optimality possessed by the standard ROC method.
T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of hand-mirror cell morphology presenting in an eosinophilic loculated peritoneal effusion, with omental "caking"
Authors: Siderits Richard , Godyn Janusz , Tufankjian Dearon , Ouattara Osman 
Published: May 2006

Background:
Cells with hand mirror morphology have not, to the best of our knowledge, been described in a primary effusion sample. This paper describes a case of T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilia in a patient with suspected peritoneal carcinomatosis. Rarely, a T-cell lymphoproliferative process may mimic primary peritoneal carcinomatosis, clinically suggested by a presentation in CT imaging of omental caking with bilateral massive loculated effusions in a patient without lymphadenopathy or splenomegaly.

Methods:
A 60 year old caucasian male presented with vague abdominal discomfort and increasing abdominal girth. Computed tomography showed a two centimeter thick omental cake and a small loculated effusion. The clinical presentation and imaging findings were most consistent with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cytologic evaluation of the effusion was undertaken for diagnostic study.

Results:
Rapid intraprocedural interpretation of the effusion sample showed a monomorphic population of cells with hand-mirror cell morphology exhibiting cytoplasmic extensions (uropodia) with 3-5 course dark cytoplasmic granules and a rim of vacuolated cytoplasm capping the opposing mirror head side. These cells were seen within a background of mature eosinophils. Flow cytometric evaluation of the ascites fluid demonstrated an atypical T-cell population with the following immunophenotype: CD2-, CD3+, CD4-, CD5-, CD7-, CD8+, CD56+. T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was positive for clonal TCR-gamma gene rearrangement, supporting the diagnosis of a T-lymphoprolifereative disorder.

Conclusion:
A T-cell lymphoproliferative process may present with hand mirror morphology in an effusion sample. These cells may show polar cytoplasmic vacuolization and 3-5 course granules within the handle of these unique cells. Cytoplasm shows peripheral constriction around the nucleus.
Topoisomerase IIα Gene Amplification Predicts Favorable Treatment Response to Tailored and Dose-Escalated Anthracycline-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy in HER-2/neu–Amplified Breast Cancer: Scandinavian Breast Group Trial 9401
Authors: Tanner Minna , Isola Jorma , Wiklund Tom , Erikstein Björn , Kellokumpu-Lehtinen Pirkko , Malmström Per , Wilking Nils , Nilsson Jonas , Bergh Jonas 
Published: May 2006

Purpose Amplification of the HER-2/neu and topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) genes has been linked to the effects of anthracyclines. Their role in predicting the outcome of anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer patients has remained controversial. Patients and Methods The present substudy of the Scandinavian Breast Group trial 9401, in which an epirubicin-based regimen (nine courses of tailored and dose-escalated fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide [FEC]) was compared with three or four courses of standard FEC followed by bone marrow–supported high-dose chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin), included high-risk breast cancer patients (with eight or more positive axillary lymph nodes or at least five nodes with additional poor prognostic indicators). Amplification of HER-2/neu was determined retrospectively in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections by chromogenic in situ hybridization. TOP2A was tested only in HER-2/neu–amplified tumors. Results HER-2/neu amplification alone, which was present in 32.7% of the tumors, was a strong prognostic factor for short relapse-free (P = .0034) and overall survival (P = .0008) but showed no direct association with treatment assignment. TOP2A coamplification, which was present in 37% of HER-2/neu–amplified tumors, was associated with better relapse-free survival in patients treated with tailored and dose-escalated FEC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.45; P = .049). A statistical multivariate Cox's regression analysis confirmed the predictive significance of TOP2A coamplification (HR = 0.30; P = .020) in HER-2/neu–amplified tumors. There was no such association in patients with HER-2/neu–amplified tumors without TOP2A gene amplification. Conclusion Coamplification of HER-2/neu and TOP2A may define a subgroup of high-risk breast cancer patients who benefit from individually tailored and dose-escalated adjuvant anthracyclines.
Conductometric Studies on the Triple Ion and Quadrupole Formations from Lithium and Tributylammonium Trifluoroacetates in Protophobic Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Hojo Masashi , Miyauchi Yoshihiro , Nakatani Itsuki , Mizobuchi Taiji , Imai Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The observed conductivity data of CF3COOLi in propylene carbonate were properly explained by the strong formation of the quadrupole (M2X2, M = Li+ and X = CF3COO−), in addition to the symmetrical formation of the triple ions (M2X+ and MX2−) and the ion pair formation.
Transient Absorptions Due to Solvated Complexes of [Bis(salicylaldehyde)-o-phenylenediiminato]cobalt(II)
Authors: Ohashi Yukako 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Transient absorptions due to a photo-induced solvation at phenolic oxygen atoms were observed for [Co(saloph)], [Co(saloph)(py)] and [Co(saloph)(py)O2] in dichloromethane.
Shape Selective Catalysis by ZSM-5 in Disproportionation of 2-Methylnaphthalene
Authors: Matsuda Takeshi , Yogo Katsunori , Mogi Yashuhiro , Kikuchi Eiichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Disproportionation of methylnaphthalene(MN) was carried out on ZSM-5 catalysts. The external acid sites were eliminated by dealumination with (NH4)2SiF6. The dealuminated ZSM-5 gave 2,6- and 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene(DMN) from disproportionation of 2-methylnaphthalene(MN), due to its shape selective property.
Gallium Chloride-Mediated Allylation of Dithioacetals with Allylstannanes
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Yukihiko , Kihara Nobuhiro , Hara Ken-ichi , Hasegawa Masaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of gallium chloride, dithioacetals reacted with allylstannanes to give the corresponding homoallyl sulfides in high yields. The present method could be applied to the chemoselective allylation of bis(dithioacetal) of keto aldehyde, and the dithioacetal arising from keto function reacted with allylstannane exclusively.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of cis-2,3-Disubstituted γ-Lactones by the Reaction of 2,2-Dialkoxy-3-alkylcyclopropanecarboxylic Esters with Symmetric Ketones
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko , Shimada Shigeru , Hashimoto Yukihiko , Nagashima Tadamichi , Hasegawa Masaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of titanium(IV) chloride, 2,2-dialkoxy-3-alkylcyclopropanecarboxylic esters reacted with symmetric ketones to give cis-2,3-disubstituted γ-lactones with high diastereoselectivity. The resulting cis-lactones were easily converted into trans-isomers by treatment with a catalytic amount of sodium ethoxide.
Electrochemical Fixation of CO2 in Acetyl-coenzyme A to Yield Pyruvic Acid Using Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complexes as an Electrocatalyst
Authors: Kuwabata Susumu , Morishita Nobuyasu , Yoneyama Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electrochemical fixation of CO2 in acetyl-coenzyme A has successfully been accomplished by using pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as an electrocatalyst. The production of pyruvic acid was enhanced when coenzyme A, which was a byproduct in the pyruvic acid production, was converted to the substrate in situ in the electrolytic cell with assistance of acetyl phosphate and phosphotransacetylase.
A Novel Transesterification of Thioesters with Alcohols by an Electrochemical Activation
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiko , Tsukamoto Yukiharu , Minami Toru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Esters were synthesized from thioesters and alcohols in high yields by an electrochemical activation. Different results were obtained by the use of n-Bu4N+ I− and LiBF4 as the electrolyte.
Intracellular Voltammetry in a Single Protoplast with an Ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Uchida Isamu , Abe Takayuki , Itabashi Takeyuki , Matsue Tomokazu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Silver ring ultramicroelectrodes with tip diameter of 1 μm or less were fabricated by electroless plating in a glass capillary. The ultramicroelectrode was inserted in a living protoplast of Bryopsis plumosa and the oxygen concentration inside the cell was estimated from the steady-state current observed in a voltammogram.
ESR Spectra of Transient Radical Cations of NADH Analogues
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Kitano Toshiaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of transient radical cations of 9,10-dihydro-10-methylacridine and derivatives, which are NADH analogues, are observed in electron transfer reactions from the NADH analogues to Fe3+ or Cu2+ in acetonitrile.
Michael Addition of 2,2-Difluoroketene Silyl Acetal. Preparation of 4,4-Difluoroglutamic Acid and 5,5-Difluorolysine
Authors: Kitagawa Osamu , Hashimoto Akihiro , Kobayashi Yoshiro , Taguchi Takeo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
2,2-Difluoroketene silyl acetal, generated in situ by treating methyl difluoroiodoacetate with Zn followed by chlorosilane, readily reacted with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds or acetals to give the 1,4-addition products, preferentially. The difluoro analogs of glutamic acid and lysine were prepared through the present reaction.
Asymmetric Cleavage of 9-Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one into cis-2,6-Disubstituted Piperidine. A Facile Approach to a Chiral Building Block for Alkaloid Synthesis
Authors: Momose Takefumi , Toyooka Naoki , Hirai Yoshiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
An asymmetric cleavage of the ‘fork head’ ketone of 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one gave a cis-2,6-disubstituted piperidine derivative in 93% ee, which was transformed to the cis-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)piperidine derivative, a versatile chiral building block.
Synthesis of 5-Deoxy-3-O-methyl-5-phenylphosphinyl-L-fucopyranoses. The First P-in-Ring Sugar Analogs of L-Fucose Type
Authors: Hanaya Tadashi , Ohmae Takeshi , Kawamoto Heizan , Yamamoto Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Starting from 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-altrofuranose, 5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-[(methoxy)phenylphosphiny1]-3-O-methyl-β-D-arabino-hexofuranose was prepared in a 6 step sequence (13% overall yield). It was converted into the title compounds, which were characterized as the 1,2,4-triacetates.
Atropisomerism in a Molecular Gear, 8-Bromo-1,4-dimethyl-9-(2-methylbenzyl)triptycene
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Two rotamers, ap and sc1, of the title compound were separately isolated as stable entities at room temperature. The rotamers gave an equilibrium mixture of the two at elevated temperatures, K([ap]/[sc1]) being 2.26 at 60 °C in toluene-d8. The kinetic parameters for the sc1 → ap conversion are as follows: ΔH‡ = 26.3 ± 0.6 kcal mol−1 (1 cal = 4.184 J), ΔS‡ = −2.7 ± 1.8 cal mol−1 K−1, ΔG‡350K = 27.2 kcal mol−1.
Selective Synthesis of (Z)-1-Ethylidene-2-silylcycloalkanes by Palladium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of 1-Vinylcycloalkenes
Authors: Hayashi Tamio , Hengrasmee Sunantha , Matsumoto Yonetatsu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Hydrosilylation of 1-vinylcycloalkenes with methyldichlorosilane in the presence of a palladium catalyst proceeded with high regio- and stereoselectivity to give (Z)-1-ethylidene-2-silylcycloalkanes in high yields.
Oscillation Found in Reaction between Permanganate and Oxalic Acid
Authors: Fujiwara Kitao , Kashima Toshiyuki , Tsubota Hiroyuki , Toyoshima Yoshinori , Aihara Masato , Kiboku Mitsuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The temporal change in absorbance of the solution was observed after mixing permanganate and oxalic acid. The oscillating structure appeared continuing more than 1 h. This oscillation was not observed by mixing permanganate with the reducing agents other than oxalic acid such as Ce3+ and As3+.
Chloro Complex of Ruthenium(III) with Trioctylmethylammonium Chloride and Its Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Utsuyama Hiroaki , Sahara Shinji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The chloro complex of ruthenium(III) with TOMAC, and its thermal decomposition behavior have been investigated. The complex exists in a polymeric chloro complex bridged with hydroxyl groups. Further, the thermal decomposition process of the complex was proposed.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of a Cobaltocenium/ferrocene Bilayer-like Film Acting as a Solid State Diode
Authors: Ando Yoshiyuki , Nishihara Hiroshi , Aramaki Kunitsugu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Two-step electropolymerization involving reduction of Fe(C5H4CH2Cl)2 catalyzed by a poly[Co(C5CH4Cl=CHCHO)2]+/0 electrode film affords a cobaltocenium/ferrocene bilayer-like film. A device fabricated by sandwiching this film between electrodes shows diode-like i-V characteristics under a dry nitrogen atmosphere.
A Novel Synthesis of Primary Selenoamides from Nitriles by the Treatment of Bis(trimethylsilyl) Selenide and BF3·OEt2
Authors: Shimada Kazuaki , Hikage Shigeki , Takeishi Yoshiyuki , Takikawa Yuji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Reaction of nitriles with (Me3Si)2 Se in the presence of BF3·OEt2 afforded the corresponding primary selenoamides in moderate yields. A selenourea and a selenothiocarbamate were also prepared in a similar manner from the corresponding cyanamide and thiocyanate.
First Total Synthesis of Symbioramide, a Novel Ca2+-ATPase Activator from Symbiodinium sp.
Authors: Nakagawa Masako , Yoshida Jun , Hino Tohru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The first total synthesis of symbioramide (1) is described and simultaneously established the complete stereostructure of 1 to be (2S,3R,2′R,3′E)-N-(2′-hydroxy-3′-octadecenoyl)-dihydrosphingosine.
Synthesis of 3″-Dehydro-4-O-methylbarminomycin II Having an Eight-membered Acetal-azomethine Ring
Authors: Ikeda Daishiro , Ajito Keiichi , Kondo Shinichi , Takeuchi Tomio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Barminomycin I and II, an extremely potent antitumor anthracyclines, have a unique eight-membered azomethine or carbinolamine structure. (1″R,5″R)-3″-Dehydro-4-O-methylbarminomycin II was first synthesized through the hypothetical biogenetic intermediate.
Enantiodifferentiating Functionalization of Prochiral Diols by Highly Stereoselective Ring-Cleavage Reaction of Spiroacetals Derived from I-Menthone with Allyltrimethylsilane-Titanium Tetrachloride
Authors: Harada Toshiro , Ikemura Yoshifumi , Nakajima Hiroyuki , Ohnishi Jakayuki , Oku Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Enantiodifferentiating transformation of prochiral diols possessing σ-symmetry was realized by the utilization of titanium tetrachloride-promoted selective ring-cleavage reaction of spiroacetals derived from the diols and I-menthone with allyltrimethylsilane.
Cerium(IV) Trifluoromethanesulfonate as a Strong Oxidizing Agent
Authors: Imamoto Tsuneo , Koide Yasuhiro , Hiyama Susumu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Cerium(IV) trifluoromethanesulfonate was prepared by the reaction of cerium(IV) carbonate with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The powerful oxidizing ability of this compound is observed in the oxidation of benzyl alcohols and alkylbenzenes.
The Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol-type Reaction
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Fujishita Yuko , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A wide variety of aldehydes including aromatic, aliphatic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes react with silyl enol ether of S-ethyl propanethioate in propionitrile to afford the corresponding aldol-type adducts with high relative and absolute stereochemical control by use of chiral diamine coordinated tin(II) triflate as a catalyst.
Stereoselectivity in the Coupling Reaction between 2-Phenylthio-2,3-dideoxyribose and Silylated Pyrimidine Bases
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Ebata Takashi , Koseki Koshi , Matsushita Hajime , Naoi Yoshitake , Itoh Kazuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Coupling reaction between 2-α-phenylthio-2,3-dideoxyribose and silylated pyrimidine bases in the presence of SnCl4 proceeded stereoselectively to give the β-anomers. These nucleosides were converted to 2′,3′-dideoxy-2′,3′-didehydronucleosides by oxidation followed by thermal elimination.
Synthesis of Dimeric and Trimeric Porphyrins Based on Intramolecular Macrocyclization Reactions
Authors: Osuka Atsuhiro , Kobayashi Fumikazu , Maruyama Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
An useful method based on acid-catalyzed intramolecular macrocyclization was developed for the synthesis of dimeric and trimeric porphyrins with constrained geometries.
Pyrolysis of Methane into Higher Hydrocarbons on Carbon Fibers
Authors: Mochida Isao , Aoyagi Yusuke , Fujitsu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Pyrolysis of methane over pitch based carbon fibers at 1173–1273 K produced rather selectively C2 hydrocarbons (selectivity up to 67%) at a stational conversion of 20% with limited deposition of carbon (18%).
An Application of Polypyrrole Films Electropolymerized in NaOH Aqueous Solution to Non-linear MIM Devices
Authors: Osaka Tetsuya , Ouchi Kiyoshi , Fukuda Toshihiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Thin films of electroinactive polypyrrole(PPy) were electropolymerized in NaOH aqueous solutions on ITO(indium tin oxide) electrode. The PPy films were used at as-prepared condition without undoping process. The metal-insulator-metal(MIM) structure was fabricated by sputtering ITO on the PPy films to give ITO/PPy/ITO devices. The devices showed non-linear and symmetric I–V characteristics, where the currents sharply increased at ca. ±5 V.