bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What appears to be helping or hindering practitioners in implementing the Common Assessment Framework and lead professional working?
Authors: Brandon Marian , Howe Amanda , Dagley Valerie , Salter Charlotte , Warren Catherine 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Common Assessment Framework (CAF) and lead professional (LP) working are part of a government strategy in England and Wales for earlier intervention and more integrated services for children and families. A national government evaluation studied the early piloting stage of implementation of CAF and LP working in 12 English trialling group areas. Initial findings suggest a number of interlocking factors, which seem to either help or hinder the process of implementation. Where there is enthusiasm for the work and a clear structure, which is understood and internalized by practitioners, CAF and LP are promoting better multi‐agency working, helping agencies to come together much faster and enabling more rigorous follow‐through of services. Hindrances include the lack of a local history of successful multi‐agency working, which seemed in turn to breed professional mistrust and fuel anxiety. Anxiety is also generated by fears about change and lack of confidence in new skills. For many practitioners aspects of this work are new and the emotional impact of the work needs to be acknowledged in support and training. The task of local implementation would be easier if there were firmer national guidance about CAF and LP roles and processes, for example a single nationally approved CAF form. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Cell‐Surface Display of a Lipase‐Specific Chaperone
Authors: Wilhelm Susanne , Rosenau Frank , Becker Stefan , Buest Sebastian , Hausmann Sascha , Kolmar Harald , Jaeger Karl‐Erich 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLipases are important enzymes in biotechnology. Extracellular bacterial lipases from Pseudomonads and related species require the assistance of specific chaperones, designated “Lif” proteins (lipase specific foldases). Lifs, a unique family of steric chaperones, are anchored to the periplasmic side of the inner membrane where they convert lipases into their active conformation. We have previously shown that the autotransporter protein EstA from P. aeruginosa can be used to direct a variety of proteins to the cell surface of Escherichia coli. Here we demonstrate for the first time the functional cell‐surface display of the Lif chaperone and FACS (fluorescence‐activated cell sorting)‐based analysis of bacterial cells that carried foldase–lipase complexes. The model Lif protein, LipH from P. aeruginosa, was displayed at the surface of E. coli cells. Surface exposed LipH was functional and efficiently refolded chemically denatured lipase. The foldase autodisplay system reported here can be used for a variety of applications including the ultrahigh‐throughput screening of large libraries of foldase variants generated by directed evolution.
Tuning the Electronic Communication in Heterobimetallic Mixed‐Valence Ions of (1‐Ferrocenyl)‐ and (2‐Ferrocenyl)indenyl Rhodium Isomers
Authors: Santi Saverio , Orian Laura , Durante Christian , Bisello Annalisa , Benetollo Franco , Crociani Laura , Ganis Paolo , Ceccon Alberto 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA series of heterobimetallic complexes of general structure [RhL2{η5‐(2‐ferrocenyl)indenyl}] (L2=cod, nbd, L=CO; cod=cyclooctadiene; nbd=norbornadiene) has been synthesised with the aim of tuning the metal–metal interaction in their mixed‐valence ions generated both by chemical and electrochemical oxidation, and the results are compared with those obtained for [RhL2{η5‐(1‐ferrocenyl)indenyl}] isomers. Crystallographic studies and DFT calculations provide a detailed description of the structural and electronic features of these complexes evidencing a significant difference in the extent of planarity of the flexible bridging ligand between the 1‐ and 2‐ferrocenyl isomers. Independent experimental probes, in particular the potential splitting in the cyclic voltammograms and the IT bands in the near‐IR spectra, are rationalised in the framework of Marcus–Hush theory and at quantum chemistry level by DFT and TD‐DFT methods. These methods allow us to establish a trend based on the magnitude of iron–rhodium electronic coupling Hab ranging from valence trapped to almost delocalised ions. The quasi planar bridge and the olefin ancillary ligands make [Rh(nbd){η5‐(2‐ferrocenyl)indenyl}]+ and [Rh(cod){η5‐(2‐ferrocenyl)indenyl}]+ rare examples of heterobimetallic systems which can be classified as borderline Class II/Class III species.
Chelating Dialkoxide Titanium Complex: A Versatile Building Block for the Construction of Heterometallic Derivatives
Authors: Fandos Rosa , Hernández Carolina , Otero Antonio , Pastor Cesar , Terreros Pilar , Aullón Gabriel , Álvarez Santiago 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe heterometallic complex [TiCp*(O2Bz)2AlMe2] (2) has been synthesised by reaction of [TiCp*(O2Bz)(OBzOH)] (1) with AlMe3 (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5; Bz=benzyl). Complex 1 reacts with HOTf to yield the cationic derivative [TiCp*(OBzOH)2]OTf (3) (HOTf=HSO3CF3). Compound 3 reacts with [{M(μ‐OH)(cod)}2] (M=Rh, Ir; cod=cyclooctadiene) to render the early–late heterometallic complexes [TiCp*(O2Bz)2{M(cod)}2]OTf (M=Rh (4); Ir (5)). The molecular structure of complex 4 has been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies.
Utility of millipore filter and cell block in thyroid needle aspirates: Which method is superior?
Authors: Nassar Aziza , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe main goal of thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is to distinguish nodules that require surgery from those that do not, thereby decreasing the number of diagnostic thyroidectomies. Several cytologic preparations are used to reach a definitive diagnosis, including smears using conventional stains, such as Diff‐Quik (DQ) and Papanicolaou (Pap), millipore filters (MF), and cell blocks (CB). This study is undertaken to study the efficacy and adequacy to reach a definitive diagnosis of two cytologic preparations, MF and CB, in thyroid aspirates.All thyroid needle aspirates performed at Emory University Hospitals from January 2003 to April 2005 that had both MF and CB preparations for microscopic evaluation were studied. Conventional stains (DQ and Pap) were prepared. An initial aliquot of the specimen was divided for MF, and the remaining specimen submitted for CB preparation. All MF and CB slides were reviewed blindly. Adequacy criteria were assessed as 6–8 groups of follicular cells, with each containing 10 or more cells. Patient demographics, cytologic diagnoses, and follow‐up information were retrieved.A total of 218 cases met our criteria; 21 of these cases were excluded due to lack of available diagnostic slides. Thus, a total of 197 cases were studied. Approximately two‐third of the cases (57.9%) were diagnosed on DQ‐ and Pap‐stained smears only, in which both CB and MF were inadequate. About 4.6% of the cases were diagnostic on both CB and MF; 36.0% on MF only, and 1.5% on CB preparation only.In more than half the cases (57.9%), diagnosis of thyroid FNA was rendered only on conventional stained smears. MF smears appeared to be superior for diagnostic yield (40.6%) than CB (6.1%), which is dependent on specimen cellularity. Therefore, MF rather than CB should be added to conventional stained smears (DQ and Pap) to supplement the diagnostic yield, especially in specimens of low cellularity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:34–38. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Well‐differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung: Cytomorphologic features on fine‐needle aspiration with emphasis on use of β‐catenin as a useful diagnostic marker
Authors: Proctor Lori , Folpe Andrew L. , Esper Annette , Wolfenden Linda L. , Force Seth , Logani Sanjay 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWell‐differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA), also known as low grade adenocarcinoma of the fetal lung type, is a rare pulmonary neoplasm now considered to be a variant of lung adenocarcinoma rather than a type of pulmonary blastoma. Upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway with subsequent aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic β‐catenin expression has been recently described in these tumors providing a possible pathogenetic role for this gene in WDFA. We describe the cytomorphologic findings of a case of WDFA in a 36‐yr‐old female patient and emphasize the diagnostic utility of aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of β‐catenin as an adjunct to the correct preoperative recognition of this tumor on aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:39–42. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional expression of chemokine receptor CCR6 on human effector memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Kondo Takaaki , Takata Hiroshi , Takiguchi Masafumi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSince CCR6 is a receptor for the chemokine CCL20, which is produced in tissues such as intestine and colon, it is thought that T cells expressing CCR6 are involved in mucosal immunity. The expression and function of CCR6 on human CD8+ T cells have not well been analyzed, although it is known that this receptor is expressed on a subset of human CD8+ T cells. We here characterize human CCR6+ CD8+ T cells. Multi‐color flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CCR6+ cells are predominantly found among CD8+ T cells having the memory phenotype. The expression of CCR6 is positively and negatively correlated with that of CCR5 and CCR7, respectively. CCR6+ CD8+ T cells express granzyme A and a low level of perforin but not granzyme B. In addition, a major population among these cells has the ability to produce IFN‐γ and TNF‐α but not IL‐2. These results indicate that CCR6+ CD8+ T cells have characteristics of early effector memory cells rather than effector or central memory cells. A chemotaxis assay revealed that CCR6+ CD8+ T cells have the ability to migrate in response to CCL20, suggesting that these T cells migrate to tissues such as colon and are involved in mucosal immunity.
The germinal center response is impaired in the absence of T cell‐expressed CXCR5
Authors: Arnold Carrie N. , Campbell Daniel J. , Lipp Martin , Butcher Eugene C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGerminal centers support the differentiation of memory B cells and long‐lived antibody‐secreting cells during infection or upon vaccination. Here, we constructed mice with T cells that selectively lack the chemokine receptor CXCR5 to determine if expression of this receptor by T cells is mandatory for germinal center formation and function. In these animals, germinal centers that are properly localized in B cell follicles and contain T cells do form after immunization with a thymus‐dependent antigen. However, fewer and smaller germinal centers form, resulting in a significant reduction in the frequency of germinal center B cells. The defect in germinal center formation is paralleled by decreased frequencies of isotype‐switched antibody‐secreting cells in the spleen and bone marrow and reduced serum concentrations of total and high‐affinity hapten‐specific IgG1. The results demonstrate that although CXCR5‐dependent T cell positioning is important for maximal induction and expansion of germinal centers, stimulation of isotype class switching, and development of antibody‐secreting cells that seed the spleen and bone marrow, it is not absolutely required for the formation and function of follicular germinal centers.
Faithful activation of an extra‐bright red fluorescent protein in “knock‐in” Cre‐reporter mice ideally suited for lineage tracing studies
Authors: Luche Hervé , Weber Odile , Nageswara Rao Tata , Blum Carmen , Fehling Hans Jörg 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe considerable potential of Cre recombinase as a tool for in vivo fate‐mapping studies depends on the availability of reliable reporter mice. By targeting a tandem‐dimer red fluorescent protein (tdRFP) with advanced spectral and biological properties into the ubiquitously expressed ROSA26 locus of C57BL/6‐ES cells, we have generated a novel inbred Cre‐reporter mouse with several unique characteristics. We directly demonstrate the usefulness of our reporter strain in inter‐crosses with a “universal Cre‐deleter” strain and with mice expressing Cre recombinase in a T lineage‐specific manner. Cytofluorometric and histological analyses illustrate: (i) non‐toxicity and extraordinary brightness of the fluorescent reporter, allowing quantitative detection and purification of labeled cells with highest accuracy, (ii) reliable Cre‐mediated activation of tdRFP from an antisense orientation relative to ROSA26 transcription, effectively excluding “leaky” reporter expression, (iii) absence of gene expression variegation effects, (iv) quantitative detection of tdRFP‐expressing cells even in paraformaldehyde‐fixed tissue sections, and (v) full compatibility with GFP/YFP‐based fluorescent markers in multicolor experiments. Taken together, the data show that our C57BL/6‐inbred reporter mice are ideally suited for sophisticated lineage‐tracing experiments requiring sensitive and quantitative detection/purification of live Cre‐expressing cells and their progeny.
Performance of lipid‐based moisture barriers in food products with intermediate water activity
Authors: Bourlieu Claire , Guillard Valérie , Powell Hugh , Vallès‐Pàmies Baltasar , Guilbert Stephane , Gontard Nathalie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNine lipid‐based barrier films (three chocolates, acetomonopalmitine, white beeswax, and four commercial blends: two acetoglycerides/beeswax blends, two hydrogenated and fractionated vegetable oils) were characterised using classical water‐related and physical properties of edible barriers, such as water vapour permeability, moisture adsorption isotherm, moisture effective diffusivity, surface hydrophobicity, firmness and solid fat content (20 °C). Classifications based on these properties were established and compared to the barrier efficiency under real conditions of use, i.e. in a model food product (cereal‐based component – intermediary aw gel). Moisture migrations were performed using self‐supported barriers (300 µm) and fitted with a predictive model based on Fick's Second Law. White beeswax and acetoglycerides enabled the best extensions of the dry‐component shelf life from 2 h to between 100 and 330 h. Moisture effective diffusivity and calculated water vapour permeability combined to a mechanical property evaluation of the barrier were more discriminating to assess the barrier efficiency in the model food than the moisture sorption and experimental water vapour permeability. The importance of combining both water‐related and physical characteristics of the barrier and the advantages of an integrated approach through the simulation of the material behaviour under its real conditions of use with the model are highlighted.
Cover Picture: Long Chain‐Substituted and Triply Functionalized Molecular Knots – Synthesis, Topological Chirality and Monolayer Formation (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1/2007)
Authors: Böhmer Athanasia , Brüggemann Jens , Kaufmann Astrid , Yoneva Albena , Müller Sonja , Müller Walter M. , Vergeer Frank W. , Chi Lifeng , De Cola Luisa , Fuchs Harald , Chen Xiaoming , Kubota Takateru , Okamoto Yoshio , Vögtle Fritz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe cover picture shows at the center the long tail‐substituted trefoil knot species synthesized and investigated in this publication. The three peripheric segments show on the upper left side the enantiomers of these topologically chiral compounds, on the upper right side the detected triply bridged double knot and on the bottom a schematical illustration of the obtained Langmuir–Blodgett films. Details are discussed in the article by F. Vögtle et al. on p. 45 ff.
Versatile and Efficient Synthesis of a New Class of Aza‐Based Phosphinic Amide Ligands via Unusual PC Cleavage
Authors: Tsai Shih‐Chung , Fu Yaw‐Shien , Liao Ju‐Hsiou , Yu Shuchun Joyce 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new class of bidentate, aza‐based phosphinic amide ligands of the type RN(H)P(O)(2‐py)2 (2‐py = 2‐pyridyl) was synthesized within minutes via a one‐pot process including Staudinger reaction of an organic azide (RN3) with 2‐pyridylphosphines, followed by partial, unprecedented hydrolysis under loss of one aromatic substituent. The structure of the unusual‐hydrolysis product H2CCH(CH2)9N(H)P(O)(2‐py)2 (5a) was characterized by IR, 1H‐ and 31P‐NMR, as well as by X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis (Figure). The tetrahedral P‐atom was found to be surrounded by a trigonal‐pyramidal arrangement of the substituents. To gain insight into the formation of these novel phosphinic amides, a series of intermediate iminophosphoranes, H2CCH(CH2)9NP(Ar)n(2‐py)3 − n (n = 0–3), compounds 1a–1f, were synthesized, and their hydrolyses were studied. All tested compounds followed the classical hydrolysis route of PN cleavage under acidic conditions. Sequential hydrolysis to 5a–5d only occurred under either basic conditions or in wet MeCN as solvent. Notably, H2CCH(CH2)9NP(C6H5)(4‐MeO‐2‐py)2 (1c) was hydrolyzed at a much slower rate compared to its analogue 1b lacking the MeO group. On the contrary, the halogenated compounds H2CCH(CH2)9NP(4‐X‐C6H4)3 (1f,g) (X = F, Cl) were hydrolyzed at a notably faster rate relative to the non‐halogenated congener 1e (X = H).
Preparation and Recognition Properties of Vanillin‐Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Wang Guo‐Song , Cao Qiu‐E , Xiong Jie , Zhu Xiu‐Fang , Hou Neng‐Bang , Ding Zhong‐Tao 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSome new molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by different protocols involving vanillin as the imprinted molecule, methacrylic acid (= 2‐methylprop‐2‐enoic acid; MAA) as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA = 2‐methylprop‐2‐enoic acid ethane‐1,2‐diyl ester) as the cross‐linking agent. The adsorption property of the imprinted polymers was studied by UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. The results indicated that the porogen solvent had a certain influence on the adsorption performance of the polymer. The vanillin‐imprinted polymer MIP1 prepared with MeOH as porogen, exhibited advantageous characteristics, i.e., a high binding activity, a good selectivity, and a rapid adsorption equilibrium. The binding parameters studied by Scatchard analysis established that there are two types of binding sites in MIP1. Finally, by packing an SPE column (SPE = solid‐phase extraction) with the polymer MIP1, the vanillin was separated and enriched successfully by this sorbent from the samples of Vanilla fragrans and beer.
Reactions of Thioketones Possessing a Conjugated CC Bond with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Egli Daniel H. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe reactions of several thioketones containing a conjugated CC bond with diazo compounds were investigated. All of the selected compounds reacted via a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with the CS group and subsequent N2 elimination to yield thiocarbonyl ylides as intermediates, which underwent a 1,3‐dipolar electrocyclization to give the corresponding thiirane 25, or, by a subsequent desulfurization, to give the olefins 33a and 33b. None of the intermediate thiocarbonyl ylides reacted via 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization. If the α,β‐unsaturated thiocarbonyl compound bears an amino group in the β‐position, the reactions with diazo compounds led to the 2,5‐dihydrothiophenes 40a–40d. In these cases, the proposed mechanism of the reactions led once more to the thiocarbonyl ylides 36 and thiiranes 38, respectively. The thiiranes reacted via an SNi′‐like mechanism to give the corresponding thiolate/ammonium zwitterion 39, which underwent a ring closure to yield the 2,5‐dihydrothiophenes 40. Also in these cases, no 1,5‐dipolar electrocyclization could be observed. The structures of several key products were established by X‐ray crystallography.
Facile One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of β‐Acetamido Ketones with Amberlyst‐15 as Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Das Biswanath , Reddy Kongara Ravinder 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe one‐pot multicomponent coupling of an aromatic aldehyde, an enolizable ketone or keto ester, acetonitrile, and acetyl chloride at room temperature in the presence of Amberlyst‐15 as catalyst affords β‐acetamido ketones in high yields. The inexpensive catalyst works under heterogeneous conditions and can be readily reused.
Enhanced production of lovastatin in a bubble column by Aspergillus terreus using a two‐stage feeding strategy
Authors: Rodríguez Porcel EM , Casas López JL , Sánchez Pérez JA , Chisti Y 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA two‐stage feeding strategy is shown to improve the rate of production of lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus when compared with conventional batch fermentation. The feeding strategy consisted of an initial batch/fed‐batch phase and a semi‐continuous culture dilution phase with retention of pelleted biomass in a slurry bubble column reactor. The batch phase served only to build up the biomass for producing lovastatin, a secondary metabolite that inhibits its own synthesis in the producing microfungus. The semi‐continuous dilution phase provided nutrients to sustain the fungus, but prevented biomass growth by limiting the supply of essential nitrogen. (Synthesis of lovastatin does not require nitrogen.) The preferred pelleted growth morphology that favors lovastatin synthesis was readily obtained and maintained in the 20 L bubble column used. In contrast, a stirred tank fermentation had a substantially lower production of lovastatin because mechanical agitation damaged the fungal pellets. The two‐stage feeding method increased lovastatin production rate by more than 50% in comparison with the conventional batch operation. Rheological data for the fungal broth are presented. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies in mineralization of aqueous aniline using Fenton and wet oxidation (FENTWO) as a hybrid process
Authors: Gunale Tukaram L , Mahajani Vijaykumar V 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA hybrid process for mineralization of aqueous aniline using Fenton and wet oxidation (FENTWO) is studied. It is important to have maximum conversion of ‘N’ atoms from the waste to N2. The conversion of input ‘N’ atoms in aniline to N2 was 15% during wet oxidation without the Fenton process and was improved to 50% with the Fenton process. Therefore, a hybrid process of Fenton followed by wet oxidation was studied for mineralization of the aqueous aniline stream. The parameters for the Fenton process were optimized (pH, catalyst, H2O2 to catalyst (FeSO4) ratio, quantity of H2O2). The waste obtained after the Fenton process was then treated by wet oxidation for mineralization by having homogeneous CuSO4 as the catalyst by keeping FeSO4 therein. This combined catalyst was found to be more effective for the degradation of the intermediates formed in the Fenton process. Wet oxidation (WO) was studied in the temperature range 473–513 K and the oxygen partial pressure range 0.345–1.38 MPa at pH 6.5. The kinetic data was modeled using a power law rate expression in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum temperature for formation of more N2 gas was found to be 493 K. The treated waste stream was found to contain oxalic acid using HPLC, and NH4+, NO3− and NO2− ions using ion chromatography analysis. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry