bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic history of low‐grade gliomas before and after temozolomide treatment
Authors: Ricard Damien , Kaloshi Gentian , Amiel‐Benouaich Alexandra , Lejeune Julie , Marie Yannick , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Kujas Michèle , Mokhtari Karima , Taillibert Sophie , Laigle‐Donadey Florence , Carpentier Antoine F. , Omuro Antonio , Capelle Laurent , Duffau Hugues , Cornu Philippe , Guillevin Rémy , Sanson Marc , Hoang‐Xuan Khê , Delattre Jean‐Yves 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the natural progression and the impact of temozolomide in low‐grade gliomas and to correlate these changes with the profile of genetic alterations.MethodsThe mean tumor diameter (MTD) of low‐grade gliomas was evaluated on serial magnetic resonance images before (n = 39), during, and after (n = 107) treatment with neoadjuvant temozolomide. MTD growth curves were correlated with chromosomes 1p‐19q loss and p53 overexpression in the tumors.ResultsBefore temozolomide onset, MTD increased linearly over time, indicating a continuous growth that was significantly slower in 1p‐19q deleted tumors (3.4 vs 5.9mm/year; p = 0.0016) and in tumors that did not overexpress p53 (4.2 vs 6.3mm/year; p = 0.05). During temozolomide treatment, almost all patients (92%) experienced initial decrease of MTD. Subsequently, some tumors started to resume growth despite continuous administration of temozolomide, with a lower rate of relapse in 1p‐19q deleted tumors (16.6 vs 58%; p = 0.0004) and in tumors that did not overexpress p53 (26 vs 68%; p = 0.003). When temozolomide was discontinued in the absence of tumor progression, a majority of tumors resumed their progressive growth within a year.InterpretationUntreated low‐grade gliomas grow continuously at a rate that is influenced by the genetic alterations of the tumors. Temozolomide reverses this pattern at the onset, but this effect is often brief in patients whose tumors overexpress p53 and do not harbor the 1p‐19q codeletion, suggesting acquired chemoresistance. A majority of tumors will resume their growth when treatment is discontinued, raising the issue of the optimal duration of treatment in continuously responding patients. Ann Neurol 2007;61:484–490
Polio and nobel prizes: Looking back 50 years
Authors: Norrby Erling , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn 1954, John Enders, Thomas Weller, and Frederick Robbins were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine “for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue.”53, 70 This discovery provided for the first time opportunities to produce both inactivated and live polio vaccines. By searching previously sealed Nobel Committee archives, we were able to review the deliberations that led to the award. It appears that Sven Gard, who was Professor of Virus Research at the Karolinska Institute and an adjunct member of the Nobel Committee at the time, played a major role in the events leading to the awarding of the Prize. It appears that Gard persuaded the College of Teachers at the Institute to decide not to follow the recommendation by their Nobel Committee to give the Prize to Vincent du Vigneaud. Another peculiar feature of the 1954 Prize is that Weller and Robbins were included based on only two nominations submitted for the first time that year. In his speech at the Nobel Prize ceremony, Gard mentioned the importance of the discovery for the future production of vaccines, but emphasized the implications of this work for growing many different, medically important viruses. We can only speculate on why later nominations highlighting the contributions of scientists such as Jonas Salk, Hilary Koprowski, and Albert Sabin in the development of poliovirus vaccines have not been recognized by a Nobel Prize. Ann Neurol 2007;61:385–395
TDP‐43 immunoreactivity in hippocampal sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Amador‐Ortiz Catalina , Lin Wen‐Lang , Ahmed Zeshan , Personett David , Davies Peter , Duara Ranjan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Hutton Michael L. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the frequency of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD‐U) in the setting of hippocampal sclerosis (HpScl) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) using immunohistochemistry for TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), a putative marker for FTLD‐U.MethodsInitially, 21 cases of HpScl associated with a variety of other pathological processes and 74 cases of AD were screened for FTLD‐U with TDP‐43 immunohistochemistry. A confirmation study was performed on 93 additional AD cases. Specificity of TDP‐43 antibodies was assessed using double‐immunolabeling confocal microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, and biochemistry.ResultsTDP‐43 immunoreactivity was detected in 71% of HpScl and 23% of AD cases. Double immunostaining of AD cases for TDP‐43 and phospho‐tau showed that the TDP‐43–immunoreactive inclusions were usually distinct from neurofibrillary tangles. At the ultrastructural level, TDP‐43 immunoreactivity in AD was associated with granular and filamentous cytosolic material and only occasionally associated with tau filaments. Western blots of AD cases showed a band that migrated at a higher molecular weight than normal TDP‐43 that was not present in AD cases without TDP‐43 immunoreactivity.InterpretationThese results suggest that as many as 20% of AD cases and more than 70% of HpScl cases have pathology similar to that found in FTLD‐U. Whether this represents concomitant FTLD‐U or is analogous to colocalization of α‐synuclein and tau in AD, reflecting a propensity for codeposition of abnormal protein conformers, remains to be determined. Ann Neurol 2007;61:435–445
Biomimetic synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their aggregates using a polypeptide sequence
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Jinchun , Yang Peng , Yang Wantai 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe polypeptide sequence MS14 (MHGKTQATSGTIQS) was used to explore a new method for biomimetic preparation of gold nanoparticles and their aggregates. Self‐congregation of gold nanoparticles into aggregates in MS14 aqueous solution and self‐assembly of gold crystallites onto the designed complex of MS14‐PET film [protonated poly(ethylene terephthalate)] proved the specific gold‐binding characteristic of the single‐copy peptide MS14 in vitro. In aqueous solution MS14 could recover Au(III) to Au(0), tested by means of TEM, EDX and XPS. Further research suggested that the pH of the solution and the concentration of Au(III) influenced the morphology and size of the gold nanoparticles formed. In addition, extra reducing agent, sodium citrate, was introduced into the HAuCl4–MS14 system and uniformly dispersed nanoparticles under neutral condition were obtained. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanism of this biomimetic synthesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mono‐ and heterodi‐nuclear complexes of aluminium: synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity
Authors: Vajpayee Vaishali , Singh Y. P. , Nandani Durgesh , Batra Amla 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSome new types of mononuclear derivatives, AlL(1–4)L(1–4)H (1a–1d) of aluminium were synthesized by the reaction of Al(OPri)3 and LH2 [XC(NYOH)CHC(R)OH], X = CH3, Y = (CH2)2, R = CH3(L1H2); X = C6H5, Y = (CH2)2, R = CH3(L2H2); X = CH3, Y = (CH2)3, R = CH3(L3H2); X = C6H5, Y = (CH2)3, R = CH3(L4H2) in 1:2 molar ratio in refluxing benzene. Reactions of AlL(1–4)L(1–4)H with hexamethyldisilazane in 2:1 molar ratio yielded some new ligand bridged heterodinuclear derivatives AlL(1–4)L(1–4)SiMe3 (2a–2d). All these newly synthesized derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis and molecular weight measurements. Tentative structures were proposed on the basis of IR and NMR spectra (1H, 13C,27Al and 29Si) and FAB‐mass studies. Schiff base ligands and their mono‐ and heterodi‐nuclear derivatives with aluminium have been screened for fungicidal activities. These compounds showed significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and A. flavus. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of carboxyl‐functionalized magnetic nanogel via “green” photochemical method
Authors: Hong Jun , Gong Peijun , Xu Dongmei , Sun Hanwen , Yao Side 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCarboxyl‐functionalized magnetic nanogel was synthesized by facile “green” photochemical method. A possible mechanism of photochemical synthesis was proposed. Effects of irradiation time and volume of monomer dropped on the hydrodynamic diameter of the magnetic nanogel were investigated by photo correlation spectroscopy. The image of atomic force microscopy presented that the magnetic nanogel was with loosed structure. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that UV irradiation did not induce phase change of Fe3O4. Superparamagnetic behaviors were retained for Fe3O4 while slightly reducing the value of saturation magnetization for surface coating. High magnetic content of (as high as 85%) and strong magnetization of Fe3O4 guaranteed that the magnetic nanogel was susceptive to external applied magnetic field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Characterization of poly(isobornyl acrylate) as a construction material for microfluidic applications
Authors: López‐García M. d. C. , Beebe D. J. , Crone W. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIsobornyl acrylate (IBA) is a photopolymerizable monomer that is employed in microfluidic devices because of desirable properties, such as inertness, transparency, and resolution. However, some of the mechanical properties of poly(isobornyl acrylate) are greatly affected by subtle changes in the manufacturing techniques. In this study, the parameters of exposure time, UV intensity, and aging are varied to study their effect on the material properties of thin samples of isobornyl acrylate construction material (<0.25 mm). Mechanical testing was used to obtain properties, such as elasticity, maximum strength, and maximum strain. It was observed that when using high levels of both exposure time and intensity, the polymers strength was increased. Lowering one of these two parameters immediately reduced the construction materials strength. It was also noted that aging weakens the material in as little as 1 day. In addition, an anisotropic response that produces curling in samples has been studied. It showed to have a negligible effect on the mechanical properties of the material; however it may have a major effect on device quality and shelf‐life. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effects of drying process for amorphous waxy maize starch on theophylline release from starch‐based tablets
Authors: Yoon Hyun‐Sung , Kweon Dong‐Keon , Lim Seung‐Taik 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPhysical properties and theophylline‐release profiles of compressed tablets prepared with amorphous waxy maize starches dried using different methods were examined. A gelatinized waxy maize starch paste (10% solids in water) was either freeze‐dried or oven‐dried (40 or 105°C) until the moisture content reached to <5%. To form the tablets, the dried amorphous starch powders, either with or without theophylline (3 : 10, w/w), were remoistened to a water content of (17 ± 0.2)%, and compressed into tablets. The drying process applied to the amorphous starch powders affected both the compactness and swelling behavior of the tablets. Although no crystallinity was detected in all the starches tested, X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated that starch chains dried at the lower temperature (40°C) are allowed more time to re‐associate during the drying process than those dried at the higher temperature (105°C). The freeze‐dried starch powders formed tablets characterized by greater compactness and rigidity than was observed in the oven‐dried starch samples. The drug release of the tablets prepared with the starch dried at the higher temperature (105°C) occurred at a much slower rate than that of the tablets made with the starch dried at the lower temperature (40°C). The drug release characteristics of the freeze‐dried starch tablets were nearly identical to those of the tablets prepared with the starch dried at 105°C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Morphological study of LLDPE‐NR reactive blending with maleic anhydride
Authors: Magaraphan Rathanawan , Skularriya Rewadee , Kohjiya Shinzo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA binary blend and ternary reactive blends of 90/10 LLDPE/NR using maleic anhydride (MA) as a reactive agent with and without dicumyl peroxide (DCP) were made at 150°C in an internal mixer. The fracture surfaces of the blends were conventionally observed by TEM and atomic force microscope, revealing that the rubber domains became smaller with the addition of MA and DCP. This suggested that the in situ graft copolymer (LLDPE‐g‐NR) was formed and acted as an in situ compatibilizer to enhance interfacial adhesion. This was further supported by FTIR results. Importantly, after removal of NR phase from the blends, the remaining LLDPE part was dissolved in hot xylene, purified by precipitation in methanol, and carefully prepared by solvent casting for TEM observation. The microstructures of the solvent‐extracted LLDPE from all blends are unlike that of solvent cast‐ pure LLDPE, which shows only crystalline structure. This leads to an unambiguous way to disclose the existence of an in situ graft copolymer. The solvent‐extracted LLDPE from the blends shows mixed morphology of LLDPE crystalline structure and its in situ graft copolymer as nanofibrillar networks of the NR phase protruded from the amorphous region of the LLDPE matrix due to spinodal decomposition by the solvent removal. Adding MA makes more branches and fibril connections of the NR phase, whereas a thinner fibril network and more links of the NR and the LLDPE amorphous region are found in the reactive blend with MA and DCP, where the most compatibilized blend is obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Contribution of shape on ignition of polymeric materials
Authors: Endoh Kotaroh , Mizuno Kohshiroh , Ueno Tomonaga , Ishikawa Tomoyuki , Yukumoto Masao , Takeda Kunihiko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe contribution of the shape and size of polymers towards ignition for four kinds of polymers, PP (polypropylene), HIPS (rubber reinforced polystyrene), ABS (acrilonitril‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer) and PC (bisphenor‐A type polycarbonate) was studied. The critical heat flux (CHF), which means that the specimen ignites after infinite time, depended on the shape and kind of polymer at the plane position heating. But it was not affected by these conditions at the side position heating. The CHF and other phenomena of ignition were analyzed and the two regions in one of which the shape and the kind of polymer affects them and in another region they was not affected. It will be useful to design electrical parts that reduce fire risks. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Country as the primary risk factor for renal amyloidosis in familial mediterranean fever
Authors: Touitou Isabelle , Sarkisian Tamara , Medlej‐Hashim Myrna , Tunca Mehmet , Livneh Avi , Cattan Daniel , Yalçinkaya Fatos , Özen Seza , Majeed Hassan , Ozdogan Huri , Kastner Daniel , Booth David , Ben‐Chetrit Eldad , Pugnère Denis , Michelon Cécile , Séguret Fabienne , Gershoni‐Baruch Ruth ,   International Study Group for Phenotype‐Genotype Correlation in Familial Mediterranean Fever
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the prototype of autoinflammatory disorders, is caused by recessive mutations in the MEFV gene. Some FMF patients develop renal amyloidosis, a potentially fatal condition. This complication has mainly been associated with the M694V mutation, although the different study designs, small numbers of patients, and/or evaluation of few or no covariables calls this association into question. The aim of this study was to examine the controversial issue of amyloidosis susceptibility in FMF by determining the relative contributions of MEFV and numerous epidemiologic factors to the risk of renal amyloidosis.MethodsOnline questionnaires were completed at the MetaFMF database by patients at 35 centers in 14 countries. Using a standardized mode of data collection, we retrieved crude initial data from over half of the genetically confirmed FMF patients referred worldwide until May 2003 (2,482 cases, including 260 patients who developed renal amyloidosis).ResultsAmyloid nephropathy was present in 11.4% of the cases. In the total study population, country of recruitment was the leading risk factor for this manifestation (odds ratio 3.2 [95% confidence interval 1.8–5.9]), followed by M694V homozygosity, proband status, and disease duration. Differing results were found when countries were stratified.ConclusionCountry of recruitment, rather than MEFV genotype, is the key risk factor for renal amyloidosis in FMF. This risk, which parallels infant mortality rates, indicates a possible environmental origin of amyloidosis susceptibility. The patient's country should be considered in addition to MEFV genotype as an indication for prophylactic colchicine, a treatment suggested for asymptomatic individuals who are incidentally discovered to be M694V homozygous.
B cell depletion may be more effective than switching to an alternative anti–tumor necrosis factor agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to anti–tumor necrosis factor agents
Authors: Finckh Axel , Ciurea Adrian , Brulhart Laure , Kyburz Diego , Möller Burkhard , Dehler Silvia , Revaz Sylvie , Dudler Jean , Gabay Cem ,   Physicians of the Swiss Clinical Quality Management Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in whom the response to anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy is inadequate have several therapeutic options, such as switching to an alternative anti‐TNF agent or initiating B cell–depleting therapy with rituximab (RTX). Although both therapeutic options have been proven effective in trials, no head‐to‐head comparisons are available. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of RTX with that of an alternative anti‐TNF agent in the management of patients with RA who had an inadequate response to anti‐TNF therapy.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was nested within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management RA cohort and included all patients who had an inadequate response to at least 1 anti‐TNF agent and subsequently received either 1 cycle of RTX or an alternative anti‐TNF agent. The primary outcome was the evolution of RA disease activity (as measured on the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28]), which was analyzed using multivariate regression models for longitudinal data.ResultsOne hundred sixteen patients with RA were included; 50 patients received 1 cycle of RTX, and 66 patients were treated with a second or a third alternative anti‐TNF agent. At baseline, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in age, sex, disease duration, and disease activity. Evolution of the DAS28 was more favorable in the group that received RTX compared with the group that received an alternative anti‐TNF agent (P = 0.01). At 6 months, the mean decrease in the DAS28 was −1.61 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −1.97, −1.25) among patients receiving RTX and −0.98 (95% CI −1.33, −0.62) among those receiving subsequent anti‐TNF therapy.ConclusionThe results of this observational study suggest that treatment with RTX may be more effective than switching to an alternative anti‐TNF agent in patients with RA in whom active disease persists despite anti‐TNF therapy.
Role of apoptotic and matrix‐degrading genes in articular cartilage and meniscus of mature and aged rabbits during development of osteoarthritis
Authors: Pennock Andrew T. , Robertson Catherine M. , Emmerson Bryan C. , Harwood Frederick L. , Amiel David 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine expression patterns of apoptotic and matrix‐degrading genes during aging and development of osteoarthritis (OA), using a rabbit model of induced OA.MethodsSix mature and 6 aged rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection and were killed 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively, to create early‐grade and advanced‐grade OA. RNA from articular cartilage and menisci was examined for expression of the genes caspase 8, Fas, Fas ligand, p53, aggrecanase, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), and MMP‐3. A second cohort of animals that had undergone no intervention in the joint was also killed. Parametric data were analyzed with analysis of variance and Student'st‐tests, while nonparametric data were assessed with the Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsExpression levels of Fas, caspase 8, FasL, and MMP‐1 were significantly higher (>100%) in aged cartilage compared with mature cartilage (P< 0.05). After induction of OA, expression of apoptotic genes in aged rabbits remained high, while significant up‐regulation of Fas and caspase 8 (nearly 150% increase) was observed in mature rabbits (P< 0.05). No significant up‐regulation of these genes was observed in the menisci of aged or mature rabbits prior to or after induction of OA. Development of OA occurred more rapidly in aged cartilage compared with mature cartilage (P< 0.05).ConclusionDifferential expression of apoptotic and matrix‐degrading genes occurs in aged compared with mature cartilage, both at baseline and during development of OA. This may be responsible for faster degradation of aged cartilage and its predisposition for developing OA.
Efficacy of methotrexate treatment in patients with probable rheumatoid arthritis: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: van Dongen Henrike , van Aken Jill , Lard Leroy R. , Visser Karen , Ronday H. Karel , Hulsmans Harry M. J. , Speyer Irene , Westedt Marie‐Louise , Peeters André J. , Allaart Cornelia F. , Toes René E. M. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Huizinga Tom W. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA; inflammatory, nontraumatic arthritis that cannot be diagnosed using current classification criteria) benefit from treatment with methotrexate (MTX).MethodsThe PRObable rheumatoid arthritis: Methotrexate versus Placebo Treatment (PROMPT) study was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, multicenter trial involving 110 patients with UA who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1958 criteria for probable RA. Treatment started with MTX (15 mg/week) or placebo tablets, and every 3 months the dosage was increased if the Disease Activity Score was >2.4. After 12 months, the study medication was tapered and discontinued. Patients were followed up for 30 months. When a patient fulfilled the ACR criteria for RA (primary end point), the study medication was changed to MTX. Joint damage was scored on radiographs of the hands and feet.ResultsIn 22 of the 55 patients (40%) in the MTX group, UA progressed to RA compared with 29 of 55 patients (53%) in the placebo group. However, in the MTX group, patients fulfilled the ACR criteria for RA at a later time point than in the placebo group (P = 0.04), and fewer patients showed radiographic progression over 18 months (P = 0.046).ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the efficacy of MTX treatment in postponing the diagnosis of RA, as defined by the ACR 1987 criteria, and retarding radiographic joint damage in UA patients.