bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is full bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection always necessary for postchemotherapy residual tumor?
Authors: Beck Stephen D. W. , Foster Richard S. , Bihrle Richard , Donohue John P. , Einhorn Lawrence H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Traditionally, postchemotherapy (PC) surgery for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) has used a full bilateral retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) from the crus of the diaphragm to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries, from ureter to ureter. With the primary landing zone well defined in low‐volume retroperitoneal disease, the authors performed modified dissections in the PC setting in a select population; and, herein, they report disease outcome.METHODS.From 1991 to 2004, a retrospective review of the testicular cancer database at the authors' institution was performed to identify patients with NSGCT, normal serum tumor markers after cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, and residual retroperitoneal tumor who underwent modified PC‐RPLND. All patients had metastatic disease at initial presentation that was limited to the primary landing zone (left or right).RESULTS.One hundred patients were identified, including 43 who underwent a right modified template, 18 patients who underwent a left full modified template, and 39 patients who underwent a left modified template. Pathology revealed cancer in 2% of patients, teratoma in 62% of patients, and necrosis in 36% of patients. The 2‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 95%, and the median follow‐up was 31.9 months (range, 1–152 months). Four patients developed recurrent disease with a median time to recurrence of 8.25 months (range, 6–11 months). All recurrences were outside the boundaries of a full bilateral RPLND.CONCLUSIONS.Selected patients at PC surgery can be managed with modified PC‐RPLND. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Thyroid carcinomas with a variable insular component
Authors: Rufini Vittoria , Salvatori Massimo , Fadda Guido , Pinnarelli Luigi , Castaldi Paola , Maussier Maria Lodovica , Galli Guido 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.An insular growth pattern may be observed focally both in papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. The aim of the current study was to determine whether a greater extension of the insular component (IC) influences different clinical and histologic features at diagnosis, and a different tumor aggressiveness in terms of frequency in the occurrence of metastases as well as survival.METHODS.Thirty‐three patients with histopathologic findings consistent with IC were included in the study. IC was focal (<50% of the tumor area) in 16 patients and predominant (>50% of the tumor area) in 17 patients. These 2 groups were compared with a control group of 66 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.RESULTS.At diagnosis, carcinomas with predominant IC differed from those with focal IC with regard to greater tumor size and a higher frequency of extrathyroidal extension and distant metastases. Patient follow‐up ranged from 5 to 188 months. The cumulative rate of distant metastases was significantly higher in patients with predominant IC. At the time of last follow‐up, carcinomas with predominant IC demonstrated a lesser frequency of disease‐free outcome (P = .002) and a higher number of tumor‐related deaths (P = .002), either when distant metastases were present (P = .03) or absent (P = .05) at the time of diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS.The presence of predominant IC is associated with a poor prognosis in terms of ongoing disease or death. Predominant IC should be considered a separate entity from not only the classical papillary or follicular carcinomas but also the focal IC tumor. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Neuronal and glial cell changes are determined by retinal vascularization in retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Downie Laura E. , Pianta Michael J. , Vingrys Algis J. , Wilkinson‐Berka Jennifer L. , Fletcher Erica L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have characterized the vascular, neuronal, and glial changes in oxygen‐induced retinopathy, a model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Newborn Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed to either 80% ± 2% oxygen to postnatal day P11 and then room air until P18 (ROP) or room air for the entire duration (controls). Retinal structure was examined under the light microscope and following postembedding immunocytochemistry in central, midperipheral, and peripheral regions. Müller cells were evaluated immunocytochemically with glial fibrillary acidic protein. The extent of vascularization was established histologically. ROP caused significant thinning of the inner cellular and plexiform layers, which became more pronounced in the peripheral inner nuclear layer of ROP animals (11.3% loss vs. 25.4% loss). Amacrine cell amino acid levels were particularly vulnerable in the peripheral retina; bipolar cells showed similar but less prominent changes. Müller cells had elevated glutamine levels and were most gliotic in the periphery. The vasculature extended to peripheral retinal regions at P18 in controls but not in ROP rats. The most striking pattern of change was evident in the midperipheral “transition zone” of ROP animals. Areas close to blood vessels showed neurochemical properties that were similar to those of the central retina, indicating a local protective effect of the inner retinal blood supply. We find that ROP produces complex vascular, neural, and glial changes that relate to the proximity of inner retinal blood vessels. J. Comp. Neurol. 504:404–417, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the evaluation of flooding‐based search strategies in peer‐to‐peer networks
Authors: Gaeta Rossano , Sereno Matteo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper develops a directed generalized random graphs based analytical modeling framework to compare several variations of the basic flooding search strategy in unstructured decentralized peer‐to‐peer networks. To validate the model predictions, we designed and implemented a distributed crawler architecture that is able to efficiently capture snapshots of the top‐level Gnutella overlay topology. The snapshots are used to obtain simulation results that are used to assess the accuracy of our model. The model predictions are then used to compute system‐oriented performance indexes (the average and the coefficient of variation of the number of query messages) as well as user‐oriented measures (the probability of finding at least one replica of a resource, the average search time). The trade‐off between the optimization of system‐oriented measures and the improvement of user‐oriented quality indexes is investigated for several variations of the basic flooding strategy suggesting that adding control parameters to the basic flooding mechanism might prove beneficial in this class of systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic Products of the Endophytic Fungus Microsphaeropsis sp. from Larix decidua
Authors: Dai Jingqiu , Krohn Karsten , Elsässer Brigitta , Flörke Ulrich , Draeger Siegfried , Schulz Barbara , Pescitelli Gennaro , Salvadori Piero , Antus Sándor , Kurtán Tibor 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFive new metabolites, palmarumycin M1 (1a) and M2 (3), papyracillic acid C (6) and the microsphaeropsins A (7) and B (8) were isolated from the fungus Microsphaeropsis sp. together with the known decaspirone (2) and the papyracillic acids A and B (4 and 5). Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic data including HREIMS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) and X‐ray single crystal analysis. The absolute configuration of palmarumycin M1 (1a) was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of the bis(4‐bromobenzoate) 1c and the relationship between 1a, 2 and 3 established by chemical transformation of 1a into 2 and of 3 into 2. The relative configuration of papyracillic acids A–C (4–6) was revised and their absolute configuration determined by comparison of TDDFT‐calculated and experimental solid‐state CD spectra.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A New Approach to the Synthesis of N,N‐Dialkyladenine Derivatives
Authors: Alves M. José , Carvalho M. Alice , Carvalho Sílvia , Dias Alice M. , Fernandes Francisco H. , Proença M. Fernanda 
Published: July 2007

AbstractN,N‐Dialkyladenine derivatives were prepared by two different reaction sequences starting from 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoformimidoylimidazoles. When these imidazoles were treated with dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, a 5‐aminomethyleneamino‐4‐cyanoformimidoylimidazole was isolated and evolved to the N,N‐dialkyladenine in the presence of a secondary alkylamine. The same purine structure was isolated when the 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoformimidoylimidazole was first treated with a secondary amine to give a stable 4‐amidino‐5‐aminoimidazole. The desired product was generated when the 4‐amidino‐5‐aminoimidazole was combined with dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, at room temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Substituted 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐2‐benzazepines and 1,2‐Dihydroisoquinolines Using an Isomerization‐Ring‐Closing Metathesis Strategy: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Panayides Jenny‐Lee , Pathak Rakhi , de Koning Charles B. , van Otterlo Willem A. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn isomerization‐ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) approach was used for the synthesis of substituted 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐2‐benzazepines and 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines. The 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐2‐benzazepines were obtained from N‐protected N‐{2‐[(1E)‐prop‐1‐en‐1‐yl]benzyl}prop‐2‐en‐1‐amines by RCM reaction. A double isomerisation reaction on the N‐protected N‐(2‐allylbenzyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amines and a subsequent RCM afforded the substituted 1,2‐dihydroisoquinolines. Finally, a selective isomerization of the allylamine group of N‐protected N‐(2‐allylbenzyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐amines by [RuClH(CO)(PPh3)3], followed by RCM, did not afford the expected 2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐2‐benzazepines but afforded products resulting from deallylation and isomerization of the starting material.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
BiCl3‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Norbornene with Aromatic Amines
Authors: Wei Hua , Qian Guimin , Xia Yuanzhi , Li Kai , Li Yahong , Li Wu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA BiCl3‐catalyzed hydroamination reaction of norbornene, in which a variety of electron‐withdrawing groups were tolerated on amines, was presented. The current transformation possesses the advantages of being highly selective, cheap, and eco‐friendly, and this process also represents a rare system for main‐group Lewis acid catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Thermally Induced [2+2] Cycloadditions of (Benzyloxymethylene)cyclopropane with Alkylidenemalononitriles
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Nagata Ryoko , Nemoto Tetsuya , Terada Masahiro , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Späth Thomas , de Meijere Armin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe reaction of (benzyloxymethylene)cyclopropane (1a) with alkylidenemalononitriles 2 at ambient pressure afforded the corresponding cyclobutane derivatives 3 in good‐to‐high yields. For example, the reaction of 1a with benzylidenemalononitrile (2a), (2‐naphthylmethylene)malononitrile (2e), and tert‐butylmethylenemalononitrile (2f) in acetonitrile at 80 °C gave the corresponding cyclobutanes 3a, 3e, and 3f in 96, 96, and 91 % yield, respectively. Control experiments proved that the reaction proceeds via well‐stabilized zwitterionic intermediate 6. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Silica nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase for protein separation
Authors: Qin Weidong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper investigated the potential use of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as pseudostationary phase (PSP) for protein separation. The wall adsorption of SNPs as well as the influences of SNPs and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied. The SNPs showed selectivity toward the proteins, and the concentration ratio of SNPs to PEO influenced the separation. The proteins that could not be baseline‐resolved under conventional CZE mode were separated in a buffer consisting of 30 mM phosphoric acid, 0.05% PEO, and 0.05% SNPs at pH 2.37, with detection limits ranging from 2 to 45.5 ppm. The intraday and interday RSDs of the migration times were in the ranges of 2.1–2.8% (n = 5) and 2.5–3.4% (three days, n = 3×5 = 15), respectively.
Effects of novel quasi‐interpenetrating network/gold nanoparticles composite matrices on DNA sequencing performances by CE
Authors: Zhou Dan , Wang Yanmei , Yang Runmiao , Zhang Wenlong , Shi Ronghua 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNPs) with particle sizes of about 20, 40, and 60 nm were prepared and added into a quasi‐interpenetrating network (quasi‐IPN) composed of linear polyacrylamide (LPA) with different viscosity‐average molecular masses of 1.5, 3.3, and 6.5 MDa and poly‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (PDMA) to form polymer/metal composite matrices, respectively. These novel matrices could improve ssDNA sequencing performances due to interactions between GNPs and polymer chains and the formation of physical cross‐linking points as demonstrated by intrinsic viscosities and glass transition temperatures. The effects of the parameters in relation to quasi‐IPN/GNPs matrices, such as GNP contents, GNP particle sizes, LPA molecular masses, and solution concentrations, on ssDNA sequencing performances were studied. In the presence of GNPs, the separation had the advantages of high resolution, speediness, excellent reproducibility, long shelf life and easy automation. Therefore, less viscous matrix solutions (with moderate size GNPs) due to lower solution concentration and lower‐molecular‐mass LPA could be used to replace more viscous solutions (without GNPs) due to higher solution concentration or higher‐molecular‐mass LPA to separate DNA, while the sieving performances were approximate even higher, which helped to achieve full automation especial for capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) and microchip electrophoresis (MCE).
The role of lithology, catchment size and the alluvial zone on the hydrogeochemistry of two intermittent Mediterranean streams
Authors: Bernal Susana , Sabater Francesc 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHydrology and solute concentrations of two intermittent Mediterranean streams draining two nested catchments were compared. The two catchments were mainly underlain by granitic rocks and different types of sericitic schists. Only the lowland catchment had an alluvial zone and a well‐developed riparian forest. The rainfall–runoff relationship and the correlation between daily flow concentrations showed that hydrological behaviour was similar at both sites during most of the year. However, reverse fluxes were detected during the wetting and drying up periods only in the stream with an alluvial zone. The intermittence in stream flow also had effects on absolute solute concentrations, temporal solute dynamics and streamwater stoichiometry. Streamwater chemistry was not affected by drainage area, except for cations produced mainly by bedrock dissolution (i.e. calcium and magnesium) that increased with increasing catchment size. Differences in the relationship among cations and anions were detected between the two streams, which could be attributed to biogeochemical processes occurring in the alluvial zone. The multivariate model used in this study showed that stoichiometry was more useful than absolute concentrations when analyzing the influence of different lithologies on streamwater chemistry. Such differences were amplified in autumn, likely due to a low hydrological connectivity between the two nested catchments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physically‐based modelling of double‐peak discharge responses at Slapton Wood catchment
Authors: Birkinshaw Stephen J 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHeavy winter rainfall produces double‐peak hydrographs at the Slapton Wood catchment, Devon, UK. The first peak is saturation‐excess overland flow in the hillslope hollows and the second (i.e. the delayed peak) is subsurface stormflow. The physically‐based spatially‐distributed model SHETRAN is used to try to improve the understanding of the processes that cause the double peaks. A three‐stage (multi‐scale) approach to calibration is used: (1) water balance validation for vertical one‐dimensional flow at arable, grassland and woodland plots; (2) two‐dimensional flow for cross‐sections cutting across the stream valley; and (3) three‐dimensional flow in the full catchment. The main data are for rainfall, stream discharge, evaporation, soil water potential and phreatic surface level. At each scale there was successful comparison with measured responses, using as far as possible parameter values from measurements. There was some calibration but all calibrated values at one scale were used at a larger scale.A large proportion of the subsurface runoff enters the stream from three dry valleys (hillslope hollows), and previous studies have suggested convergence of the water in the three large hollows as being the major mechanism for the production of the delayed peaks. The SHETRAN modelling suggests that the hillslopes that drain directly into the stream are also involved in producing the delayed discharges. The model shows how in the summer most of the catchment is hydraulically disconnected from the stream. In the autumn the catchment eventually ‘wets up’ and shallow subsurface flows are produced, with water deflected laterally along the soil‐bedrock interface producing the delayed peak in the stream hydrograph. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of fire‐induced water repellency on soil aggregate stability, splash erosion, and saturated hydraulic conductivity for different size fractions
Authors: Fox D. M. , Darboux F. , Carrega P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractForest fires can alter several soil properties influencing soil erosion and runoff processes in addition to removing all or part of the vegetative cover. These include organic matter content, aggregate stability and water repellency. Soil erodibility and saturated hydraulic conductivity depend on these properties and their response varies according to aggregate size. The objective of the study was to investigate how forest fires affect key soil properties and determine the potential impact of these on runoff and erosion processes. The A horizon of an acidic sandy loam was collected and subjected to a pine litter fire. The burned and control soil samples were separated into 4 size fractions: bulk (<5·0 mm), < 0·4, 0·4–2·0, and 2·0–5·0 mm. Organic matter (OM), aggregate stability mean weight diameter (MWD), and water drop penetration time (WDPT) were measured for each size class. Each size fraction sample was subjected to 0·5 h of simulated rainfall (55 mm h−1) for splash erosion measurements. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) measurements were performed on the same samples. Burning the litter decreased soil OM content but increased MWD and WDPT. Splash erosion increased greatly for the bulk and < 0·4 mm samples. MWD increased for the 0·4–2·0 and 2·0–5·0 mm size fractions despite a loss in OM and clay content in the burned soil. A surface crust never formed on the water repellent fine fraction leaving plenty of non‐cohesive material available for soil detachment. Increased water repellency reduced K for all size fractions. The data support the need for a specific soil erodibility index for post‐forest fire soils. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The association between three dominant shrub species and water repellent soils along a range of soil moisture contents in semi‐arid Spain
Authors: Verheijen F. G. A. , Cammeraat L. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSoil water repellency (SWR) is a widespread phenomenon associated with decreased infiltration rates, fingered flow infiltration, and increased runoff. In Spain, research into the causes of SWR has focused on fire‐induced effects. This research investigates the impact of different plant species and soil moisture contents (SMCs) on the water repellency of the surface soil horizon in a semi‐arid shrubland ecosystem. The plant species were selected for their different wax input rates into the soil. In situ (field) SWR was investigated spatially, whereas in the laboratory it was assessed over a soil moisture range. The selected plant species were Stipa tenacissima, Anthyllis cytisoides and Rosmarinus officinalis.In the field, water repellency was found to be limited strictly to an organic soil layer (‘mulch’) between the soil crust and the ectorganic profile (litter, fragmentation and humification layers). When comparing the three species, soil under Stipa was found to be wettable or slightly water repellent, soil under Anthyllis and Rosmarinus severely water repellent. The water repellency of the surface soil appeared to be related to the thickness of the ectorganic profile.The soil organic carbon (SOC) contents correlated with water repellency (r2 = 0·74, p = 0·01). Water repellency displayed a two‐peak distribution over a soil moisture range. The first peak ranged from 22 to 26% SMC (w w−1), the second peak from 45 to 47%. The integrated area in a ‘WDPT versus SMC’ graph was calculated. Soil under Stipa, Anthyllis and Rosmarinus was water repellent in the ratios 1: 2·3: 4·5. The integrated area measurement had a better reproducibility and was more stable than SWR measurements at specific SMCs.It is concluded that, in the investigated ecosystem, SWR occurs without the influence of fire but underneath individual plants (fertile islands) only; plant species affect SWR substantially differently; and SWR occurs over a wide range of SMCs. Appropriate measures of SWR are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of novel fluorescent nanocomposite particles: CdSe/ZnS core‐shell quantum dots loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Wei , He Zhike , Liang Jiangong , Zhu Yaoliang , Xu Huibi , Yang Xiangliang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFluorescent quantum dots (QDs, semiconductor nanocrystals) have gained increasing attention in the past decade due to their unique optical properties. In this work, we synthesized highly luminescent lipophilic CdSe/ZnS core‐shell QDs under mild conditions, and encapsulated the QDs into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to prepare fluorescent nanocomposite particles. The transmission electron microscopy image showed that the QDs were nearly monodispersed and uniform with an average diameter of about 4 nm. The fluorescence spectrum of the QDs was symmetric and narrow with an emission maximum at 556 nm. Characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and zeta potential measurement, the nanocomposite particles (QDs‐loaded SLNs) exhibit an average particle size of about 90 nm and zeta potential of about −28 mV. Fluorescence measurements showed that the encapsulated QDs maintain their high fluorescence and narrow/symmetric emission spectra. Assembling many QDs in single nanocomposite particle significantly increases the fluorescence signal and the signal‐to‐background ratio compared to individual QDs. In vitro and in vivo imaging indicated that QDs‐loaded SLNs were stable and slow to photobleach. These fluorescent QDs‐loaded SLNs were biocompatible with fluorescence stability and had good potential in biological imaging applications. The approaches could also be used to encapsulate other optical nanocrystals or magnetic nanoparticles, and allow them to be used under aqueous biological conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008