bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgery of esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Huang Guo Jun , Wang Liang Jun , Liu Jia Sui , Cheng Gui Yu , Zhang Da Wei , Wang Guo Qing , Zhang Ru Gang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe experience of surgical treatment in 1,874 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus seen at the Cancer Institute and Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, between 1958 and 1982, is reported. Despite the prevalence of this malignancy in this part of China, only 3% of the patients in this series had stage I disease, while 80% of the patients had either stage III or stage IV disease with extraesophageal tumor invasion and regional or distant metastases. Of the entire series there was an overall resectability rate of 83.9%, being 77.6% between 1958 and 1969 and 89.0% between 1970 and 1982. Among the 1, 572 resections of the entire series, there were 66 deaths within 30 days of operation, for a resection mortality rate of 4.2%, being 4.9% between 1958 and 1969 and 3.7% between 1970 and 1982. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 67 cases of the 1, 572 resections, for an incidence of 4.3%. Of the 67 cases with anastomotic leaks, 38 recovered after intensive treatment; the remaining 29 died eventually of the complication, giving a death rate of 43.3%. Pathologic studies of the 1,572 specimens showed lymph node metastasis in 46.1% of the cases. It is obvious that practically all the unresectable cases showed more extensive lymph node involvement at operation, although fixation of the tumor with severe invasion to the surrounding organs usually constituted the chief cause of unresectability.The postresection long‐term survivals as calculated by the number of resections at 5, 10, and 15 years were 30.2% (390/1293), 22.4% (196/876), and 18.9% (112/594), respectively.Over one‐third, or 36.8%, of the 1,874 patients in the present series were treated with a combination therapy of preoperative irradiation and surgery. The results in the group of 408 selective patients and those in the group of 83 randomized patients with midthoracic esophageal carcinomas were gratifying. In the latter group there was a resectability rate of 95.2%, a resection mortality rate of 3.8%, an incidence of intrathoracic anastomotic leakage of 0%, and a 5‐year survival rate of 45.5%, as compared to 89.6%, 4.3%, 1.7%, and 25%, respectively, in the control group treated by surgery alone. From these findings it is concluded that preoperative irradiation as an adjunct can promote both the immediate and long‐term results of surgery for carcinoma of the esophagus.Recent advances in the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus may change the pessimistic philosophy for this malignancy. The results of surgery in the present series are encouraging, although there is still much to be desired. With reasonably early diagnosis, proper selection of patients, meticulous care in surgical managements, and judicious use of radiation and other adjuvant therapy, further improvements in both palliation and curability of this disease are possible.
The impact of combined therapeutic modalities in head, neck, and esophageal cancer
Authors: Desai Prafulla B. , Was J. J. , Sharma S. , Advani S. H. , Copal R. , Saikia T. K. , Dinshaw K. A. , Pinto J. M. , Swaroop V. Shanti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNearly 50% of head and neck cancers and two‐thirds of patients with esophageal cancer generally present late for initial treatment. UK patterns of failure are generally locoregional with around 10% showing distant dissemination. Surgery alone and in combination with pre‐operadve radiation has not significantly increased salvage in these groups of cancer.The availability of increasingly effective drugs (Cisplatinum, MTX., Bleomycin), for head, neck and esophageal cancers have produced dramatic initial responses with excellent palliative relief of symptoms enabling adequate definitive radiotherapy or surgery for advanced T3, T3 lesions.Cisplatinum 20 mg/m2 daily × 5 ‐ twice at the interval of 10 days with MTX 25 mg/m2 and Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 weekly × 2 have been used for T3 and T4 Head and Neck Cancers and Cisplatinum in the same dosage and MTX 200 mg twice in 10 days have been used for esophageal cancers. 88% responses in 35 patients have been noted in head and neck cancers and when the chemotherapy was followed by definitive radiotherapy, complete responses were achieved in 16 out of 25 patients (64%). This is a very significant response rate for T3, T4 cancers. Patients who were in a reasonably acceptable general condition after mis regimen were further considered for two more courses of consolidative chemotherapy.Response rates in esophageal cancer was 78% (26 of 34 evaluable patients) ‐ 6 of the 26 showed a complete response and all are alive from 8 months to 26 months.Our failure to obtain increasing cures at 3 and 5 years may be due to our ignorance of the capacity of dormant cells to proliferate, tumor cell kinetics, more effective use of chemotherapy or the biology of the host. These areas need further investigation.
The present role of adrenalectomy in breast cancer
Authors: Burn Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence does not support the argument that surgical adrenalectomy carries too great a risk to justify its use in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. The increasing availability of methods of measuring tumour receptors will undoubtedly increase the level of accuracy in predicting response to surgical adrenalectomy. The operation itself is well within the scope of most experienced general surgeons. In view of the good quality of life for those who respond well and the possibility of prolonging survival for beyond that achieved by other treatment methods, mere seems to be no reason why it should not continue to be recommended on a carefully selective basis to certain women with advanced and progressive breast cancer.
RNA tumor virus in human thymomas and thymus hyperplasias
Authors: Ono Akira , Saito Hidetsucu , Kondo Shunzo , Yoshimatsu Hiroshi , Tsuchiya Masaharu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman thymomas and thymus hyperplasias were examined for retrovi‐ruses. Most of these patients were complicated by systemic immunoiogical diseases such as myasthenia gravis and pure red cell aplasia. The thymus cells were co‐cultured with allogenic B cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) pretreated with mitomycin C, Retrovirus‐like particles were demonstrated in cultured thymus cells in all cases of thymomas and thymus hyperplasias examined by electron microscopy. In most cases, these particles were detected in thymus epithelial cells. Reverse transcriptase activity sedimenting at a density of i. 15–1.17 gm/cm3 in sucrose density gradients was eluted in the culture fluids.Retrovirus‐like particles were demonstrated in human T cells infected with these particles. Antibodies to virus‐infected T cells were detected in sera of the patients with thymoma and thymus hyperplasia.These results suggest that in thymomas and thymus hyperplasias, retro‐viruses mat can be induced, following a proliferative stimulus, may be involved in the genesis of thymic disorders and in the parhogenesis of systemic immunoiogical diseases.
Recent progress in the immunological monitoring of carcinomas using monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Papsidero Lawrence D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn efforts to improve the specificity and sensitivity of tests to monitor patients with carcinoma, monoclonal antibody technology has been widely embraced by the scientific community. Results clearly indicate that novel antigen determinants have been identified and that significant improvements have been realized for the study of “classical” tumor antigens previously detected with polyclonal reagents. The concept of tumor specificity has also been amenable to an increased level of objectivity as based upon the probelike characteristic of monoclonal antibodies. It is apparent from this work that an antigen does not have to be tumor specific to be useful as a marker.
Immediate reconstruction using visceral transfer after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Tu Gui‐Yi , Hu Yu‐Hua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe management of 32 stage IV cases of cancer of the hypopharynx was reviewed retrospectively with a view of selecting a pertinent treatment modality to ensure low morbidity and high survival and evaluating the applicability of abdominal viscera as a reconstructive measure after total Pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. Three methods of visceral reconstruction have been used at this hospital, viz., reversed gastric tube, colon interposition, and stomach transposition. In our experience, the gastric pull‐up is more reliable. The success rate of oral alimentation of 20 gastric pull‐ups was 95% and the mortality rate was 5%. The overall 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rate was 37.5% (12/32), 38% (8/21), and 30% (3/10), respectively. Preoperative irradiation gave a 3‐year survival rate of 40% (8/20) for T4 N0–3 cases.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the neoplasms involving the head
Authors: Harms Steven E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a new method for producing high quality tomographic images with improved soft‐tissue definition. MR imaging is conceptually quite different from conventional imaging modalities. A number of variations in MR technique may be chosen to provide better resolution or improved specificity. Some of the current and future roles of MR in the evaluation of both cranial and extracranial neoplasms involving the head are discussed.
Hyperthermia for cancer: A practical perspective
Authors: Moffat Frederick L. , Falk Rudolf E. , Laingw David , Ketcham Alfred S. , Falk Judith A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA causal relationship between hyperpyrexia and tumor regression was first suggested in 1866, when Busch reported the cure of a histologically diagnosed sarcoma in a middle‐aged woman, following a bout of erysipelas. Over the years, interest in the effect of heat on cancer has remained alive, but this interest has increased dramatically in recent years. The literature on this subject is broadly reviewed and the clinical results discussed. It is apparent from clinical studies thus far mat it is a relatively simple undertaking to treat superficial neoplasms with hyperthertnia. However, the major challenges in clinical thermotherapy pertain to patients with deeply situated tumors. The lack of safe and reliable methods of monitoring temperature in deep tissues is a major impediment to a thorough understanding of thermal dosimetry in clinical hyperthermia, and routine thermal dosimetry in clinical hyperthermia will have to await the development of reliable noninvasive thermometry. As responses have been reported with modest levels of hyperthermia, the need for thermometry is somewhat lessened, given that invasive monitoring is imperfect and somewhat risky when used in deeply seated tumours. The eventual place of thermotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumours in man is as yet unclear and must be rigourously and thoroughly assessed in well‐designed, prospective, randomized patient trials.
Management of osteogenic sarcoma patients
Authors: Trapeznikov N. N. , Yerimina L. A. , Amirasianov A. T. , Sinukov P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe experience in the management of 246 patients with local osteogenic sarcoma and 67 patients with pulmonary metastases in the All‐Union Oncologic Research Center, AMS USSR, is presented here. All the patients underwent surgery, but starting in 1974, various modalities of adjuvant chemotherapy (not randomized) were applied in addition. In the surgery alone group, prognosis was very poor: only 7.0% of patients survived free of disease 5 years from the primary tumor treatment. Adjuvant chemotherapy (adriamycin + vincristine + melphalan + cyclo‐phosphamide) following amputations increased this rate to 34.0%; combining segmental resections of an affected bone with preoperative intraarterial adriamycin infusion and radiation (36 Gy) increased the rate to 35.5%. In patients with grade 4 tumor damage (tumor cells are not found upon examination of a large number of sections), the rate increased to 57.9% (P < .05). Another regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy (plati‐diam or cisplatin + adriamycin + cyclophosphamide) gives a chance to 78.8% of patients to survive 1 year free of metastases. The same chemotherapy regimen enables us to achieve an objective effect in 30.8% of patients with pulmonary metastases, and its combination with surgical metastasis ablation makes it possible to obtain a complete remission, lasting from 2 to 46 months (average 13.9 months). Toxic manifestations of the chemotherapy regimens considered are moderate. Prognosis in adjuvant chemotherapy is related to age, tumor site, its local dissemination, and morphologic type of osteogenic sarcoma.
Protection from radiation‐associated small bowel injury with the aid of an absorbable mesh
Authors: Devereux Dennis F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadiation associated small bowel injury results from aggressive treatment of pelvic malignancies with radiation therapy. The incidence increases when radiation therapy follows pelvic surgery due to adhesions that form between the small bowel and the operated site. Application of an absorb‐able polyglycolic acid mesh to keep the small bowel from descending into the pelvis and around the operated site prevents this complication. Use to date in humans and non‐human primates has not been associated with any complications.
Hyperthermochemoradiotherapy and esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Sucimachi Keizo , Inokuchi Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer of the esophagus still poses considerable treatment problems, with a poor 5‐year survival rate after surgery, an even worse outlook after radiation and surgery, and a not very satisfactory response to chemotherapy. After several years of continued research, in 1983 we developed a Radio Frequency System with endotract electrode and thermosensors for administering hyperthermochemoradiotherapy to patients with carcinoma of the esophagus. Results in 129 patients are discussed. Immediate improvement of subjective complaints and decrease or elimination of the cancer lesion are so distinct that this treatment, by means of an endotract antenna, shows promise as a modality for esophageal lesions and may find application in diseases such as colorectal cancer or carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
Prognosis of rectal carcinoma patients operated with a stapling device: A review of 150 cases
Authors: Yu Hongtiao , Liu Shaolong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new type of suturing stapler was designed and has been tried in animal experiments and in clinical application, showing it to be an efficient instrument to use in colorectal surgery. During the period September 1977 to 1982, 150 cases of carcinoma of the rectum were treated by tumor resection and colorectal anastomosis with a suturing stapler device. The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐year survival rates were 94.0, 83.8, 75.7, and 62.5%, respectively. For those patients with liver metastasis, operation including resection of the primary and, if possible, surgical removal of solitary metastatic nodules, was recommended.
Advanced transitional cell bladder cancer: A treatable disease
Authors: Roemeling Reinhard V. , Hrushesky William J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough metastatic bladder cancer is difficult to treat effectively, chemotherapy combinations and schedules have emerged recently that can result in long‐lasting complete responses in some patients. Response rates, response durations, and survival patterns of the entire patient population are, however, unsatisfactory. Whereas survival times of these patients following therapy with cisplatin alone or in combination with other drugs are not significantly different, complete response rates are higher and disease‐free survival is longer when combinations are used. Higher dosages are associated with better response rates but also with substantial toxicity. Extensive local pretreatment or prior systemic chemotherapy reduces the likelihood of clinically meaningful disease response. Several adjuvant studies have demonstrated an advantage in length of disease‐free survival for chemotherapy‐treated patients when compared to those who are observed following operation. Metastatic transitional cell bladder cancer is a chemotherapeutically treatable malignancy. Locally advanced disease may be most effectively treated by aggressive surgery followed by cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy. The highest response rates and longest disease‐free survivals are uniformly associated with aggressive and prolonged multidrug therapy.
Ear method: An alternative method of bone grafting following bone tumor resection (a preliminary report)
Authors: Sung H. W. , Wang H. M. , Kuo D. P. , Hsu W. P. , Tsai Y. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe EAR (Excision, Alcoholization, Replantation) method consists of a proper tumor resection, removal of tumor tissue extracorporally, soaking the residual bone shell in 95% alcohol for half an hour, and replantation in situ, the cavity being filled with bone graft or bone cement. Eighty‐three cases were treated in this manner, of which 95% were followed for 2 years or more, with complete success in cases with IA lesions and no recurrence in two‐thirds of those with IB‐IIB lesions.Experimentally, it is proved that alcohol can kill tumor cells completely without interfering with osteogenesis. The joint cartilage, although degenerated, is replaced by newly formed fibrocartilage, thus preserving joint function.
A new technique for hepatic infusional chemotherapy
Authors: Pagana Timothy J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConstant‐infusion intra‐arterial chemotherapy is associated with a significantly greater tumor response rate and perhaps an improved survival rate. Many intra‐arterial drug delivery systems have been described, the most popular of which is the implanted Infusaid pump. Unfortunately, this is an expensive device that requires considerable experience in its implantation and maintenance. This paper describes a simplified, inexpensive technique, which can comfortably and reliably provide intra‐arterial hepatic chemotherapy to patients treated in most moderate‐size community hospitals. Implantation requires angiography and a minor surgical procedure. Maintenance of the system is easy and inexpensive. While use of the Infusaid pump is preferable, this technique is a reasonable alternative for the following: 1) patients with very poor hepatic function, 2) patients who cannot afford the implanted pump, 3) patients who have concomitant extrahepatic tumor, 4) patients with noncolorectal metastasis to the liver, and 5) patients treated at hospitals that do not have implanted pump capabilities.
Present concepts in the treatment of neuroblastoma
Authors: Karp Melvyn P. , Bruce James , Cooney Donald R. , Allen James E. , Jewett Theodore C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe outlook for the child with neuroblastoma remains dismal. The tumor has been known to undergo spontaneous resolution, and this phenomenon has led to increased interest and research in possible immune mechanisms that may be involved. Treatment often involves the use of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, frequently producing a short‐term response, but a cure of the disease in an advanced stage can rarely be attributed to any of these treatment modalities. The present staging and treatment method used by the authors is that of the Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) #8104. As far as the immunological therapeutic approach is concerned, promising results have been obtained in animal studies with monoclonal antibodies and immunocellular components. Cumulative data from various pediatric centers have showed that the patient's age strongly influences the prognosis in all stages of the disease.
Present concepts in the treatment of Wilms' tumor
Authors: Allen James E. , Karp Melvyn P. , Cooney Donald R. , Jewett Theodore C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBefore 1969, 58 patients with Wilms' tumors treated at Children's Hospital of Buffalo had an all‐stage survival of 57%. From 1970 to 1983, following the National Wilms' Tumor Study protocols, this survival rate has improved to 79% in the last 47 patients. With continued attention toward early diagnosis, accurate and complete staging, refinement of radiation and chemotherapy protocols, and absolute follow‐up of all patients, the relapse‐free survival rate will continue to improve.
Advances in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Lacey Stuart R. , Jewett Theodore C. , Karp Melvyn P. , Allen James E. , Cooney Donald R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children under 15 years of age. Several decades ago it was associated with an 80% mortality rate. Recent advances with combined modality therapy have improved the 5‐year survival rate to almost 70%. The focus for the improvement in treatment regimens is now shifting to concerns regarding the preservation of body function and the treatment of far advanced disease. Regardless of age, histology, stage, or site of primary tumor, there has been no group where chemotherapy has not been proven beneficial. The current recommendations used by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, with regard to chemotherapy, are summarized. Radiation therapy adjunctive to surgery has a useful place in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma, but prophylactic nodal irradiation is not recommended. Involved nodes should, however, be treated. Since the potentially adverse side effects of chemotherapy and radiation are accentuated when combined, radiation therapy is no longer recommended in patients with group I rhabdomyosarcoma. Prognostic factors and future considerations from the operative standpoint are presented.
Ovarian cancer in children
Authors: Piver M. Steven , Patton Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGynecologic malignancies account for approximately 2% of all childhood cancers, 60–70% of which are ovarian in origin. New therapeutic modalities have resulted in a significant increase in survival rates for these young patients. Recent advances in the management of germ cell and sex cord tumors of the ovary have resulted not only in an increase in cure rates but also in simultaneous preservation of future fertility. The recent advent of surgical staging has elucidated the early sites of subclinical or occult metastases that accounted for the high mortality in patients who were previously presumed to have localized ovarian cancer. Treatment options are discussed for the various classes of ovarian tumors in children, at the hand of experience at the authors' institution, and of others.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery of cancer of the esophagus
Authors: Kelsen David P. , Hilaris Basil , Martini Nael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeoadjuvant, or preoperative, chemotherapy for esophageal cancer has become an area of increasing interest because of the failure of conventional therapy (surgery or radiation) to improve disease‐free or overall survival. Several autopsy series have demonstrated that, in many symptomatic western patients, esophageal cancer is a systemic disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy thus, in theory, allows a simultaneous attack on both the primary and metastatic disease. A number of single‐arm, phase n multi‐modality trials have been completed. Toxicities of chemotherapy, while substantial, have been tolerable. With careful attention to detail, operative morbidity and mortality has not been increased. Large‐scale randomized trials are needed to evaluate the impact of this technique on disease‐free and overall survival.