bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving robot arm control for safe and robust haptic cooperation in orthopaedic procedures
Authors: Cruces R. A. Castillo , Wahrburg J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents the ongoing results of an effort to achieve the integration of a navigated cooperative robotic arm into computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery. A seamless integration requires the system acting in direct cooperation with the surgeon instead of replacing him.MethodsTwo technical issues are discussed to improve the haptic operating modes for interactive robot guidance. The concept of virtual fixtures is used to restrict the range of motion of the robot according to pre‐operatively defined constraints, and methodologies to assure a robust and accurate motion through singular arm configurations are investigated.ResultsA new method for handling singularities is proposed, which is superior to the commonly used damped‐least‐squares method. It produces no deviations of the end‐effector in relation to the virtually constrained path.ConclusionsA solution to assure a good performance of a hands‐on robotic arm at singularity configurations is proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mechanistic latent variable model for estimating drug concentrations in the male genital tract: A case study in drug kinetics
Authors: Choi Leena , Caffo Brian , Rohde Charles , Ndovi Themba T. , Hendrix Craig W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop statistical methodology to facilitate indirect estimation of the concentration of antiretroviral drugs and viral loads in the prostate gland and the seminal vesicle. The differences in antiretroviral drug concentrations in these organs may lead to suboptimal concentrations in one gland. Suboptimal levels of the antiretroviral drugs may not be able to fully suppress the virus in that gland, leading to a source of sexually transmissible virus and increasing the chance of selecting for a drug‐resistant virus. This information may be useful for selecting an antiretroviral drug regimen that will achieve optimal concentrations in the genital tract glands. Using fractionally collected semen ejaculates, Lundquist (Acta Physiol. Scand. 1949; 19:1–95) measured levels of surrogate markers in each fraction that are uniquely produced by specific male accessory glands. To determine the original glandular concentrations of the surrogate markers, Lundquist solved a simultaneous series of linear equations. This method has several limitations. In particular, it does not yield a unique solution, it does not address measurement error, and it does not provide population‐averaged estimates after taking into account inter‐subject variability in the parameters. To cope with these limitations, we developed a mechanistic latent variable model based on the physiology of the male genital tract and surrogate markers. We employ a Bayesian approach and perform a sensitivity analysis on the distributional assumptions on the random effects and priors. The model and Bayesian approach are validated on experimental data where the concentration of a drug should be (biologically) differentially distributed between the two glands. In this example, the Bayesian model‐based conclusions are found to be robust to model specification and this hierarchical approach leads to more scientifically valid conclusions than the original methodology. In particular, unlike existing methods, the proposed model‐based approach was not affected by a common form of outliers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing international strategic alliance relationships
Authors: Wahyuni Sari , Ghauri Pervez , Karsten Luchien 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the development of international strategic alliances (ISAs) and to identify the important factors for each phase of an alliance relationship. We have developed a framework about the process development of alliances that is based on an extensive literature study. The framework is used to study and analyze three cases of ISAs. The findings and conclusions are presented in a manner that can help managers to recognize the stages they have to go through and, more important, to be aware of the determinant variables in each stage of an alliance life cycle. This study found that the continuity of an alliance relationship is highly dependent on how partners manage their operational phase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypertension after renal transplantation
Authors: Seeman Tomáš 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHypertension is a common and serious complication after renal transplantation. It is an important risk factor for graft loss and morbidity and mortality of transplanted children. The etiology of posttransplant hypertension is multifactorial: native kidneys, immunosuppressive therapy, renal-graft artery stenosis, and chronic allograft nephropathy are the most common causes. Blood pressure (BP) in transplanted children should be measured not only by casual BP (CBP) measurement but also regularly by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). The prevalence of posttransplant hypertension ranges between 60% and 90% depending on the method of BP measurement and definition. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a frequent type of end-organ damage in hypertensive children after transplantation (50–80%). All classes of antihypertensive drugs can be used in the treatment of posttransplant hypertension. Hypertension control in transplanted children is poor; only 20–50% of treated children reach normal BP. The reason for this poor control seems to be inadequate antihypertensive therapy, which can be improved by increasing the number of antihypertensive drugs. Improved hypertension control leads to improved long-term graft and patient survival in adults. In children, there is a great potential for antihypertensive treatment that could also result in improved graft and patient survival.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Schulte J.M. , van Waes H. 
Published: October 2007

Zusammenfassung
Unter Dentinogenesis imperfecta versteht man eine kongenitale Dysplasie des Dentins, die isoliert oder im Zusammenhang mit einer hereditären Allgemeinerkrankung wie der Osteogenesis imperfecta auftreten kann. Sie wird meist autosomal dominant vererbt und manifestiert sich klinisch in einer opaleszierenden Goldbraun- oder Graublauverfärbung der Zähne beider Dentitionen in variabler Ausprägung. Die verschiedenen Varianten der Dentinogenesis imperfecta werden nach Shields et al. (1973) in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: Typ I, assoziiert mit Osteogenesis imperfecta; Typ II, hereditär opaleszierendes Dentin; Typ III, Brandywine-Typ. Die Phänotypen der Dentinogenesis imperfecta werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag hinsichtlich Gendefekt, klinischer Symptomatik, Radiologie und Histopathologie beschrieben, die zahnärztliche Behandlungsstrategie wird dargestellt.
Zahnanomalien in der Neuropädiatrie
Authors: Wolf N. 
Published: October 2007

ZusammenfassungZahnanomalien in der Neuropädatrie sind einfach zu diagnostizieren und helfen bei der Diagnose verschiedener Erkrankungen. Sie finden sich bei gut bekannten Krankheitsbildern wie der Incontinentia pigmenti, aber auch bei seltenen wie dem Kohlschütter-Tönz-Syndrom oder dem kürzlich beschriebenen Krankheitsbild der Ataxie, verzögerten Dentition und Hypomyelinisierung. Anomalien von Zahnform, Zahnschmelz und damit Zahnfarbe, Zahnanzahl und Eruption sind möglich. Die Kenntnis dieser Auffälligkeiten ist wichtig für den Genetiker und den Kinderneurologen.
Effects of a comprehensive fruit- and vegetable-promoting school-based intervention in three European countries: the Pro Children Study
Authors: te Velde S. J. , Brug J. , Wind M. , Hildonen C. , Bjelland M. , Pérez-Rodrigo C. , Klepp K.-I. 
Published: October 2007

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the Pro Children intervention on schoolchildren's fruit and vegetable (FV) intake after 1 and 2 years of follow-up. The intervention combined a FV curriculum with efforts to improve FV availability at schools and at home. Effects were examined in a group-randomised trial among 1472 10–11-year-old children from sixty-two schools in Norway, the Netherlands and Spain. FV intake was assessed by means of validated self-administered questionnaires completed before the intervention (September 2003), immediately after the first year of the intervention (May 2004) and 1 year later (May 2005). Data were analysed using multilevel linear regression analyses with age and sex as covariates. Significant intervention effects for FV intake were found at first follow-up in the total sample. The adjusted FV intake reported by the children from intervention schools was 20 % higher than FV intake reported by children from control schools. At 1 year later, a significant impact was only observed in Norway. Positive intervention effects on FV intake occurred both at school and outside school. We conclude that the Pro Children intervention is a promising means to promote European schoolchildren's FV intakes, but mainly fruit intake, in the short term. As shown in Norway, where the intervention was best implemented, the intervention might also result in longer-term effects. Further strategies need to be developed that can improve implementation, have an impact on vegetable intake and can secure sustained effects.
Effects of retro-nasal aroma release on satiation
Authors: Ruijschop Rianne M. A. J. , Boelrijk Alexandra E. M. , A. de Ru Jacob , de Graaf Cees , Westerterp-Plantenga Margriet S. 
Published: October 2007

It is suggested that the brain response of a food odour sensed retro-nasally is related to satiation. The extent of retro-nasal aroma release during consumption depends on the physical structure of a food, i.e. solid foods generate a longer, more pronounced retro-nasal aroma release than liquid foods. The aim of this study was to investigate if a beverage becomes more satiating when the retro-nasal aroma release profile coincides with the profile of a (soft) solid food. In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised cross-over full factorial design, twenty-seven healthy subjects (fourteen males and thirteen females; aged 16–65 years; BMI 19–37 kg/m(2) were administered aroma profiles by a computer-controlled stimulator based on air dilution olfactometry. Profile A consisted of a profile that is obtained during consumption of normal beverages. Profile B is normally observed during consumption of (soft) solids. The two profiles were produced with strawberry aroma and administered in a retro-nasal fashion, while the subjects consumed a sweetened milk drink. Before, during and after the sensory stimulation, appetite profile measurements were performed. Subjects felt significantly more satiated if they were aroma stimulated with profile B (P = 0·04). After stimulation with sweet strawberry aroma, there was a significant decrease in desire to eat sweet products (P = 0·0001). In conclusion, perceived satiation was increased by altering the extent of retro-nasal aroma release.
Identification and reproducibility of dietary patterns in a Danish cohort: the Inter99 study
Authors: Lau Cathrine , Glümer Charlotte , Toft Ulla , Tetens Inge , Carstensen Bendix , Jørgensen Torben , Borch-Johnsen Knut 
Published: October 2007

We aimed to identify dietary patterns in a Danish adult population and assess the reproducibility of the dietary patterns identified. Baseline data of 3372 women and 3191 men (30–60 years old) from the population-based survey Inter99 was used. Food intake, assessed by a FFQ, was aggregated into thirty-four separate food groups. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis and Bland Altman plots were used to assess the reproducibility of the dietary patterns identified. The Bland Altman plots were used as an alternative and new method. Two factors were retained for both women and men, which accounted for 15·1–17·4 % of the total variation. The ‘Traditional’ pattern was characterised by high loadings ( ≥ 0·40) on paté or high-fat meat for sandwiches, mayonnaise salads, red meat, potatoes, butter and lard, low-fat fish, low-fat meat for sandwiches, and sauces. The ‘Modern’ pattern was characterised by high loadings on vegetables, fruit, mixed vegetable dishes, vegetable oil and vinegar dressing, poultry, and pasta, rice and wheat kernels. Small differences were observed between patterns identified for women and men. The root mean square error approximation from the confirmatory factor analysis was 0·08. The variation observed from the Bland Altman plots of factors from explorativev. confirmative analyses and explorative analyses from two sub-samples was between 18·8 and 47·7 %. Pearson's correlation was >0·89 (P < 0·0001). The reproducibility was better for women than for men. We conclude that the ‘Traditional’ and ‘Modern’ dietary patterns identified were reproducible.
INEQUALITY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH: EVIDENCE FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MISSOURI STATE PRISON
Authors: CARSON SCOTT ALAN 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economic history. Moreover, a number of core findings in the literature are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains thin. One example is 19th century African-Americans in US border-states. This paper introduces a new data set from the Missouri state prison to track the heights of comparable black and white men born between 1820 and 1904. Modern blacks and whites come to comparable terminal statures when brought to maturity under optimal conditions; however, whites were persistently taller than blacks in the Missouri prison sample by two centimetres. Throughout the 19th century, black and white adult statures remained approximately constant, while black youth stature increased during the antebellum period.
Trends in western Ross Sea emperor penguin chick abundances and their relationships to climate
Authors: Barber-Meyer S.M. , Kooyman G.L. , Ponganis P.J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) is extremely dependent on the extent and stability of sea ice, which may make the species particularly susceptible to environmental change. In order to appraise the stability of the emperor penguin populations at six colonies in the western Ross Sea, we used linear regression analysis to evaluate chick abundance trends (1983–2005) and Pearson's r correlation to assess their relation to two local and two large-scale climate variables. We detected only one significant abundance trend; the Cape Roget colony increased from 1983 to 1996 (n = 6). Higher coefficients of variation in chick abundances at smaller colonies (Cape Crozier, Beaufort Island, Franklin Island) suggest that such colonies occupy marginal habitat, and are more susceptible to environmental change. We determined chick abundance to be most often correlated with local Ross Sea climate variables (sea ice extent and sea surface temperature), but not in consistent patterns across the colonies. We propose that chick abundance is most impacted by fine scale sea ice extent and local weather events, which are best evaluated by on-site assessments. We did not find sufficient evidence to reject the hypothesis that the overall emperor penguin population in the Ross Sea was stable during this period.
Brain Imaging Revisited
Authors: Grady Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2007

Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition, Second Edition. 2006. Roberto Cabeza and Alan Kingstone (Eds.), Cambridge, MA, The MIT Press, 480 pp., $65.00 (HB)The first edition of the Handbook of Functional Neuroimaging of Cognition, edited by Roberto Cabeza and Alan Kingstone, was a welcome addition to the cognitive neuroscience field when it was published in 2001. There were chapters on the history of neuroimaging and analysis, and all the major cognitive areas that had been studied at the time, written by senior people in their respective areas. That a second edition has appeared so soon after the first is a testament to the rapid growth of the cognitive neuroscience field, which is both gratifying and somewhat daunting to those of us who vainly attempt to keep up with this burgeoning literature. The same authors as in the previous edition write some chapters, but many have been penned by different authors, equally well known in the field, which is also a sign that the field is healthy and growing.
R&D AND GROWTH: THE MISSING LINK?
Authors: SAMANIEGO ROBERTO M. 
Published: October 2007

The presumption that R&D is a key driver of economic growth is difficult to reconcile with empirical evidence. For example, in most studies, which identify technical change with total factor productivity (TFP), the link between TFP and measures of knowledge is found to be weak.This paper shows that a reconciliation may be possible in a model where R&D contributes to growth throughinvestment-specific technical change. Such a model predicts that the empirical link between knowledge and productivty would be weak even if the generation of knowledge is the predominant factor of economic growth. The paper also shows that estimates of the production function for knowledge using patent data may be biased.
Modeling Amino Acid Metabolism in Mammalian Cells‐Toward the Development of a Model Library
Authors: Kontoravdi Cleo , Wong Danny , Lam Carolyn , Lee Yih Yean , Yap Miranda G. S. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. , Mantalaris Athanasios 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmino acids are necessary to mammalian cell cultures both for protein synthesis and as an energy source. In this study, we present an unstructured mathematical model describing (i) cell growth and death kinetics and (ii) metabolism of glucose and 19 amino acids for HEK‐293 and CHO IFN‐γ cell cultures. The proposed mathematical framework is in good agreement with experimental data for both cell lines. It accommodates the inclusion of expressions for other cellular activities, such as the production of recombinant viral vectors or proteins, and can be used as the basis for the development of a model library for mammalian cell cultures.
Adapted Ultra Scale‐Down Approach for Predicting the Centrifugal Separation Behavior of High Cell Density Cultures
Authors: Tustian Andrew D. , Salte Heidi , Willoughby Nicholas A. , Hassan Inass , Rose Michael H. , Baganz Frank , Hoare Michael , Titchener‐Hooker Nigel J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe work presented here describes an ultra scale‐down (USD) methodology for predicting centrifugal clarification performance in the case of high cell density fermentation broths. Existing USD approaches generated for dilute systems led to a 5– to 10‐fold overprediction of clarification performance when applied to such high cell density feeds. This is due to increased interparticle forces, leading to effects such as aggregation, flocculation, or even blanket sedimentation, occurring in the low shear environment of a laboratory centrifuge, which will not be apparent in the settling region of a continuous‐flow industrial centrifuge. A USD methodology was created based upon the dilution of high solids feed material to ∼2% wet wt/vol prior to the application of the clarification test. At this level of dilution cell‐cell interactions are minimal. The dilution alters the level of hindered settling in the feed suspensions, and so mathematical corrections are applied to the resultant clarification curves to mimic the original feed accurately. The methodology was successfully verified: corrected USD curves accurately predicted pilot‐scale clarification performance of high cell density broths of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli cells. The USD method allows for the rapid prediction of large‐scale clarification of high solids density material using millilitre quantities of feed. The advantages of this method to the biochemical engineer, such as the enabling of rapid process design and scale‐up, are discussed.
Who are the “Enemies of Russia”? The Question of Russophobia in the Samizdat Debate Before Glasnost'
Authors: Brun-Zejmis Julia 
Published: October 2007

The Communist system has forced the Russian people into a state of sulking introspection which seeks outlets in xenophobia, petulant demonstrations of national superiority—or, at the opposite end, maudlin admissions of national inferiority.Milovan Djilas
Aleksandr Barkashov and Russian National Unity: Blackshirt Friends of the Nation
Authors: Simonsen Sven Gunnar 
Published: October 2007

Russian National Unity (Russkoe Natsionalnoe Edinstvo—RNE) is the largest militant fascist group in Russia today. The founder and leader of the RNE, Aleksandr P. Barkashov, speaks of himself as a national-socialist, and praises Hitler's deeds for Germany. The RNE has pledged to establish a system of ethnic segregation in Russia were it to come to power.This article seeks to analyze the ideology of the RNE as represented by its undisputed leader Barkashov and by the RNE Council which he dominates. Particular attention is paid to RNE's relation to Russian ethnicity. The first part discusses Barkashov and his organization's policies with regard to the russkii (ethnic Russian) nation and to Russian nationalism. Then follows a critical review of the RNE's relation to nazism and fascism. The article then considers the RNE's ideas about how the new Russian state should be shaped, i.e., its political and economic program. Finally, the RNE is placed in the wider Russian political landscape by means of a discussion of its political friends and foes.
Primary Language of Communication as a Secondary Indicator of National Identity: The Ukrainian Parliamentary and Presidential Elections of 1994 and the “Manifesto of the Ukrainian Intelligentsia” of 1995∗
Authors: Bilinsky Yaroslav 
Published: October 2007

In a famous article during the Soviet period, Walker Connor once asked, rhetorically:The Ukrainians, as a method of asserting their non-Russian identity, wage their campaign for national survival largely in terms of their right to employ the Ukrainian, rather than the Russian, tongue in all oral and written matters. But would not the Ukrainian nation (that is, a popular consciousness of being Ukrainian) be likely to persist even if the language were totally replaced by Russian, just as the Irish nation has persisted after the virtual disappearance of Gaelic, despite pre-1920 slogans that described Gaelic and Irish identity as inseparable? Is the language the essential element of the Ukrainian nation, or is it merely a minor element which … has been elevated to the symbol of the nation in its struggle for continued viability? [Emphasis in the original]
Františka Plamínková (1875-1942), Czech Feminist and Patriot
Authors: Reinfeld Barbara 
Published: October 2007

When the American suffragist Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947), one of the founders of the International Alliance for Women's Suffrage, came to Prague in 1908 to lecture before German-speaking groups of women in the city, a beautiful young teacher asked her to address Czech women as well. Catt readily obliged. She could not have known, then, that this determined Czech feminist and nationalist, Františka Plamínková (1875-1942) would become, in time, a familiar figure on the international circuit of women's organizations, known as “Madame Plam” and would be executed by the Nazis as a member of the Czech resistance.For her fight against fascism and for the liberation of her nation Plamínková was awarded, posthumously in 1950, the Czechoslovak Order of the Gold Star by the Ministry of National Defense. But then her name disappeared, along with thousands of other names from the First Czechoslovak Republic, as Stalinist repression set in. A plaque affixed to the building once her residence on Staroměstské Square tells us little about this energetic, dedicated patriot and fighter for women's rights. In 1993, the Gender Institute in Prague opened its doors, and, today, as feminism begins to awaken in the Czech Republic, the work and accomplishments of Františka Plamínková should be instructive.