bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual-biased necroinflammation is revealed as a predictor of bevacizumab benefit in glioblastoma
Authors: Hiller-Vallina Sara , Mondejar-Ruescas Lucia , Caamaño-Moreno Marta , Cómitre-Mariano Blanca , Alcivar-López Denisse , Sepulveda Juan M , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Pérez-Núñez Ángel , Segura-Collar Berta , Gargini Ricardo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor that affects men more often than women. In addition, the former shows a poorer survival prognosis. To date, the reason for this sex-specific aggressiveness remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate tumor processes that explain these sex differences.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of GBM patients which was stratified according to sex. A cohort with 73 tumors was analyzed with immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq and RT–qPCR to characterize differences in vascular and immunological profiles. Transcriptomic profiling, gene set enrichment analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis were used for discovering molecular pathways predominant in each group. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of bevacizumab (vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) blocking antibody) in a retrospective GBM cohort (36 tumors) based on sex differences.

Results
We found that under hypoxic tumor conditions, 2 distinct tumor immuno-angiogenic ecosystems develop linked to sex differences and ESR1 expression is generated. One of these subgroups, which includes male patients with low ESR1 expression, is characterized by vascular fragility associated with the appearance of regions of necrosis and high inflammation (called necroinflamed tumors). This male-specific tumor subtype shows high inflammation related to myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration. Using this stratification, we identified a possible group of patients who could respond to bevacizumab (BVZ) and revealed a genetic signature that may find clinical applications as a predictor of those who may benefit most from this treatment.

Conclusions
This study provides a stratification based on the sexual differences in GBM, which associates the poor prognosis with the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in the necrotic areas. This new stratification could change the current prognosis of GBM and identifies those who respond to BVZ treatment.
High-quality genome assembly enables prediction of allele-specific gene expression in hybrid poplar
Authors: Shi Tian-Le , Jia Kai-Hua , Bao Yu-Tao , Nie Shuai , Tian Xue-Chan , Yan Xue-Mei , Chen Zhao-Yang , Li Zhi-Chao , Zhao Shi-Wei , Ma Hai-Yao , Zhao Ye , Li Xiang , Zhang Ren-Gang , Guo Jing , Zhao Wei , El-Kassaby Yousry Aly , Müller Niels , Van de Peer Yves , Wang Xiao-Ru , Street Nathaniel Robert , Porth Ilga , An Xinmin , Mao Jian-Feng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Poplar (Populus) is a well-established model system for tree genomics and molecular breeding, and hybrid poplar is widely used in forest plantations. However, distinguishing its diploid homologous chromosomes is difficult, complicating advanced functional studies on specific alleles. In this study, we applied a trio-binning design and PacBio high-fidelity long-read sequencing to obtain haplotype-phased telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies for the 2 parents of the well-studied F1 hybrid “84K” (Populus alba × Populus tremula var. glandulosa). Almost all chromosomes, including the telomeres and centromeres, were completely assembled for each haplotype subgenome apart from 2 small gaps on one chromosome. By incorporating information from these haplotype assemblies and extensive RNA-seq data, we analyzed gene expression patterns between the 2 subgenomes and alleles. Transcription bias at the subgenome level was not uncovered, but extensive-expression differences were detected between alleles. We developed machine-learning (ML) models to predict allele-specific expression (ASE) with high accuracy and identified underlying genome features most highly influencing ASE. One of our models with 15 predictor variables achieved 77% accuracy on the training set and 74% accuracy on the testing set. ML models identified gene body CHG methylation, sequence divergence, and transposon occupancy both upstream and downstream of alleles as important factors for ASE. Our haplotype-phased genome assemblies and ML strategy highlight an avenue for functional studies in Populus and provide additional tools for studying ASE and heterosis in hybrids.
Genetic effects of inflammatory cytokines on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction and the mediating roles of lipid traits
Authors: Liu Junsong , Ying Jiajun , Hu Teng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic inflammation has been connected by epidemiological evidence to coronary artery disease (CAD) along with myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether reverse causality or confounders account for these connections. Our objectives are to examine the causality between inflammatory cytokines and CAD/MI as well as the potential mediating influence of lipid characteristics.

Methods
We acquired instrumental variables through genome-wide association studies meta-analyses of 41 inflammatory cytokines (8293 individuals). Genetic associations with CAD (122 733 cases and 424 528 controls), MI (~61 505 cases and 577 716 controls) and five candidate lipid mediators were obtained from the corresponding genome-wide association studies. A two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was applied, followed with comprehensive sensitivity analyses.

Results
Genetically determined growth regulated oncogene-α was causally linked to a decreased incidence of CAD [odds ratio (OR), 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-0.99; P = .007] and MI (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98; P = .002). There is suggestive evidence indicating a causal impact of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β upon CAD (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.07; P = .010) and MI (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11; P = .002). Furthermore, we discovered suggestive causal connections between tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and CAD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00; P = .020). Two-step Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that triglycerides partially mediate the effect of growth regulated oncogene-α on CAD (proportion-mediated: 13.28%) and MI (8.05%).

Conclusions
We provided novel genetic evidence supporting the causality of inflammatory cytokines on CAD/MI and elucidate the mediating effect of triglycerides in the causal pathways linking inflammatory cytokines and CAD/MI.
Application of the Staged Approach for Rehabilitation Classification System and Associated Improvements in Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Rehabilitation for Shoulder Pain
Authors: Podschun Laura , Hill Cheryl , Kolber Morey J , McClure Philip 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The Staged Approach for Rehabilitation Classification for the Shoulder (STAR-Shoulder) has been proposed as a model to guide management and improve outcomes for patients with shoulder pain; however, the effect of its utilization on patient outcomes has not been established. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine whether patient outcomes were improved if care was matched to the STAR-Shoulder system compared with unmatched care.

Methods
Collected and reviewed demographic, examination, and intervention data for all patients receiving physical therapist treatment for shoulder pain during a 1-year period within a single health care system. Outcome variables included the numeric pain rating scale, the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH), and the number of visits. Clinical records from patients receiving care at the discretion of the therapist were systematically audited to determine whether care provided was considered matched or unmatched.

Results
A total of 692 patient records were examined. The interrater reliability of classifying care as matched or unmatched was substantial (κ = 0.6; 95% CI = 0.4 to 0.9), with 82% agreement. Changes in patient outcome scores were significantly better for those patients whose care matched the STAR-Shoulder system for pain changes (mean difference = −1.2; 95% CI = 0.8 to 1.6; effect size [d] = 0.5) and QuickDASH score (mean difference = 12.7; 95% CI = 9.9 to 15.5; d = 0.7). No difference was noted for number of visits.

Conclusion
The STAR-Shoulder system appears to be a meaningful way to classify patients and guide intervention to improve patient outcomes.

Impact
Application of the STAR-Shoulder system to help align physical therapist interventions more closely with tissue irritability and physical impairments appears to improve patient outcomes. These findings support this model as a promising approach to advance evidence-based practice for shoulder pain.
The lived experience of food insecurity among adults with obesity: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review
Authors: Briggs Rebecca , Rowden Hope , Lagojda Lukasz , Robbins Timothy , Randeva Harpal S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Food insecurity and obesity are increasing both globally and in the UK. In this review we systematically assess the lived experiences of people with obesity who are food insecure and often turn to food banks.

Methods
We systematically searched electronic databases from January 2007 until October 2022. Data from eligible studies were extracted and the studies assessed for quality. Thematic analysis and narrative synthesis approach was used to analyse the extracted data.

Results
Six themes were identified among 25 included studies, including: the financial cost of food; psychological aspects related to food insecurity; geographical access and the food environment; food practices in the home; experience of food assistance; and parental-child relationships. The cost of healthy food and psychological factors were identified as key driving factors of the relationship between food insecurity and obesity. Psychological factors such as depression, low self-esteem and stress played an important part in the lived experience of people with obesity and food insecurity.

Conclusion
The food environment provides context in which food decisions are made, therefore, systems change is necessary to ensure families can afford the food that enables a healthy diet. For clinicians, identification, and attention to the impact of food insecurity on people with obesity are important.
Surviving Competition: Neighbourhood Shops versus Convenience Chains
Authors: Talamas Marcos Miguel Ángel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper examines the impacts of the opening of chain-run convenience stores on one of the world’s most ubiquitous microenterprises: owner-operated shops. To address endogeneity in time and location of chains’ opening, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops at the neighbourhood level. Expanding the number of chain outlets from zero to the neighbourhood average of 6.7 stores reduces the number of shops by 15%, a decline driven not by increased shop exits but by decreased shop entries. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and keep 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less frequently and spend less on packaged goods. Surviving shops leverage competitive advantages stemming from being owner operated, such as lower agency costs, cultivating relationships with neighbours, and offering customers informal credit. The welfare gains of convenience chains replacing shops increase with household income; the poorest households experience a welfare loss.
Policy Responses To Fake News On Social Media Platforms: A Law And Economics Analysis
Authors: Kaushik Devansh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fake News is one of the major techno-policy challenges faced by modern societies. As popular discourse shifts to social media platforms, Fake News on the internet has increased drastically, generating significant costs for society. Consequently, there is a regulatory movement across the globe to mitigate fake news on these platforms. A law and economics analysis offers valuable insights towards devising an appropriate regulatory approach to tackling this issue.
In economic terms, Fake News can be conceptualized as a negative externality, while Fact-Checking and Content Moderation Services may be defined as public goods. There exists a misplaced individual incentive to create fake news on social media platforms. A clear case of market failure and thus a need for state intervention can be made out.
While direct state regulation of platforms is the preferred approach by regulators for mitigating fake news, this paper cautions against over-reliance on such a ‘negative state’ regime, due to censorship risks and enforcement costs. This paper recommends adoption of a multi-pronged strategy, including a statutory Pigouvian tax to internalize social costs of fake news on social media platforms within the market, by channelling resources towards promoting positive state measures to mitigate the broader effects of fake news on these platforms. This paper’s analysis is largely located in the Indian context, with references to other jurisdictions.
Modification of vertebral regions explains heart position in arboreal colubrids (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Nash-Hahn Tamika , Stepanova Natasha , Davis Rabosky Alison R , Sherratt Emma 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent research into the snake vertebral column has highlighted the importance of considering regionalization and its implications for the life history of snakes. Our research delves into the distinctions in vertebral column morphology and regionalization within the snake family Colubridae, comparing arboreal and terrestrial species. Our results provide significant support for dissociation between two pre-cloacal regions: the ‘pre-atrial’ (anterior to heart) and the ‘post-atrial’ (posterior to heart). Furthermore, the two ecological groups display distinct proportional compositions between the two pre-cloacal regions and the one post-cloacal region (caudal); arboreal species tend to possess a higher proportion of caudal vertebrae, whereas terrestrial species exhibit a higher proportion of post-atrial vertebrae. Our study reveals that the axial morphology of arboreal species is distinct from that of terrestrial species; however, this was not attributable to a convergent evolution process. By estimating the evolutionary history of vertebral number in each region between the ecological groups, we find each region has a unique pattern, further highlighting evolutionary disassociation between the regions. This study adds to the growing evidence on regionalization of the pre-cloacal snake vertebral column and underscores the importance in continuing to develop our understanding of snake evolution.
A Systematic Evaluation of the Quality of Health Information on Cleft Lip and Palate in the Arabic Language
Authors: Al Qurashi Abdullah A. , Shah Mardan Qutaiba N.M. , Mawad Tala N. , Alsubhi Razan Omar , Bokhari Abdulah , Daghistani Ghadeer , Abualjamal Rena Y. , Alharbi Amal Mohammed , Al Qarni Mohammed D. , Alhuzali Abdullah , Mrad Mohamed Amir 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The internet serves as a vital health information resource, yet the quality of data on specific health conditions, especially in Arabic, is often overlooked. This research assesses the quality of Arabic online information about cleft lip and palate (CLP) and proposes avenues for enhancement.

Methods:
From July to August 2022, a systematic evaluation of Arabic articles on CLP was performed using the DISCERN tool for quality assessment. Searches on Google and Bing resulted in 119 articles that met the study’s criteria.

Results:
The quality of available Arabic information on CLP displayed substantial gaps. Commercial sources dominated (49.6%), followed by private (32.8%) and nonprofit entities (17.6%). The average DISCERN score was 2.26 of 5 (SD = 1.06), indicating the need for enhanced content, particularly concerning treatment risks.

Conclusions:
The study underscores the subpar quality of Arabic CLP information online, which might mislead patients and impede access to accurate advice. Nonprofit organizations should bolster their online footprint, offering refined health content. A deep dive into DISCERN scores reveals pinpointed improvement areas. Clinicians should direct patients and their families to reliable information sources. Addressing these gaps promises improved CLP knowledge in Arabic, fostering superior patient education and outcomes for those with this condition.
Mining Injuries 2012–2019
Authors: Heberger John R. , Wurzelbacher Steven J. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
This study summarized the frequency and cost of mining-related injuries.

Methods
Mining-related workers’ compensation (WC) claims data from 35 states were summarized to report counts, claim rates, and costs for 2012–2019. These data were compared with Mine Safety and Health Administration injury and employment data for the same period.

Results
Despite system differences, both WC and Mine Safety and Health Administration counts and rates declined over time and injury patterns were similar. Total WC costs were approximately $2.325B. Medical-only claims represented 59.4% of the claims by count, but only 3.3% of costs. Lost-time nonfatal claims represented 40.2% of the claims by count, but 90.2% of costs. Claims frequency and costs varied greatly by injury event/exposure, part of body, and nature.

Conclusions
Injury frequency has declined but costs remain high. The most costly and disabling cases were identified.
More than Just Workload—Personnel’s Perspective on Workload at the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee
Authors: Stegerhoek Pablo M. , van der Zande Jesse , IJzerman Herman , Verhagen Evert A. L. M. , Kuijer P. Paul F. M. , Bolling Caroline 
Published: February 2024

Objectives
We investigated the perspective on workload within the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, part of the Dutch armed forces.

Methods
This qualitative study follows an emergent design based on grounded theory principles and used semistructured interviews and focus groups with 91 Royal Netherlands Marechaussee employees. The interviews (n = 31) and focus groups (n = 14) were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by two researchers (C.B. and J.v.d.Z.) according to comparative data analysis.

Results
Participants believed the perception of workload to be more important than the actual workload. Furthermore, participants mentioned that indirect factors, such as organizational factors and recruitment, could modulate their workload perception.

Conclusions
The perception of workload is key within the context of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee. Modifiable factors related to the perceived workload could facilitate employee well-being without reducing the actual workload.
Parotid Gland Microcystic Lymphatic Malformation Producing Obstructive Symptoms
Authors: Guhan Maya , Lambert Elton M. , Pezeshkmehr Amir , Rosenberg Tara L. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Salivary gland obstruction can present as unilateral, episodic facial swelling. Vascular malformations as a cause of parotid duct obstruction with associated unilateral cheek swelling and pain are rare.

Case description:
We describe the case of a 16-year-old female with a protracted 2-year history of unilateral facial swelling and pain that was misdiagnosed as recurrent parotitis on computed tomography and sialoendoscopy. Eventually, the 16-year-old female was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging to have a microcystic lymphatic malformation of the parotid duct as the cause of her cheek swelling and pain. Afterwards, the patient was referred to undergo interstitial bleomycin sclerotherapy.

Conclusions:
This case demonstrates a unique microcystic lymphatic malformation producing obstructive symptoms as well as the utility of magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of a patient presenting with recurrent unilateral facial pain and swelling.
Clinical observation of Otitis Media Secretory during Covid-19
Authors: Liang Xiuni , Zhang Bei , Ding Ying , Guan Yafeng , Zhou Ping , Deng Yihong , Zeng Dan , Su Rongfei 
Published: February 2024

Objective
This study aims to analyze the onset of otitis media secretory, the peak period of infection with the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the time of transmigration during a pandemic of the Omicron strain. Additionally, the study aims to investigate to study the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the middle ear cavity of patients with otitis media secretory and the survival time through a new method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen in middle ear effusion.

Methods
Retrospective comparison of the incidence of otitis media secretory during infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron strain from December 15, 2022, to January 15, 2023, versus the noninfection period from December 15, 2021, to January 15, 2022. We used a questionnaire star application to investigate the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the 40 patients with otitis media secretory who participated in this study were investigated. A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) antigen detection kit (colloidal gold method) was used to detect middle ear effusion in patients with otitis media secretory. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 29.0 software. The measurement data are expressed as x ± s, the count data are expressed as the number of cases (%), and the data were compared using the χ2 test. p < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference.

Results
During the SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron strain pandemic, the incidence of otitis media secretory increased by 15% compared with the noninfection period. The peak infection period for the SARS-CoV-2 virus Omicron strain was December 25, 2022, and December 15, 2022, and the peak time of conversion was 7 to 9 days after the infection. Middle ear effusion SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen testing was performed in patients with otitis media secretory after conversion; 5 patients (12%) were positive, and 35 patients (88%) were negative. The disease duration in patients with negative results was more than 3 weeks.

Conclusions
Otitis media secretory is one of the most common ear complications after infection with the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and the significantly higher incidence is associated with middle ear viral infection. Middle ear effusion SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen test detected the virus, which survived longer in the middle ear effusion than in the nasal cavity. The middle ear effusion test can detect SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen and determine whether the organism contains virus residue.