bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polycentric Vision for Governing the Urban Food Commons
Authors: Frimpong Boamah Emmanuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter uses polycentric governance as a lens for examining alternative governance visions for urban agriculture, or what I refer to as the urban food commons (UFCs). I draw ideas from the political and institutional economics of Vincent and Elinor Ostrom to discuss why UFCs cannot be governed through a one-size-fits-all institutional arrangement. I interlace my conceptual arguments with empirical examples, including examples from Kaufman and Bailkey’s classic work. Governing UFCs effectively, I argue, requires a mix of institutional arrangements involving centralized, decentralized, competitive market, cooperative, and command-and-control governance models. A polycentric governance vision moves us closer to building such diverse institutional arrangements to manage undesired outcomes, including the capacity to effectively internalize spillover effects from UFCs. I delineate four institutional design parameters (IDPs) to guide the design and evaluation of a polycentric governance vision for UFCs: (1) multiple decision centers (or actors) that can make decisions about UFCs, (2) opportunities for cross-scale and cross-sector interactions among UFC actors, (3) an overarching system of rules to guide decisions and interactions, and (4) adaptability of the rules to align with actors’ incentives and decisions emanating from the rules. I use Chicago’s nonprofit urban land trust NeighborSpace to illustrate how these IDPs manifest empirically.
Social Accountability in Morocco: Recurring Pressures and Sporadic Concessions
Authors: Colin Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmongst the institutional and societal changes that Morocco experienced in the last decades, accountability is becoming pivotal. The first article of the 2011 Constitution correlates responsibility with the rendering of accounts. However, important limitations to institutional accountability remain. This chapter aims to delve into local meanings and practices of social accountability, asking what accountability looks like for people in Morocco. After providing contextual information on Morocco’s overall accountability environment, the chapter looks at four dimensions of citizen engagement with social accountability: the multiple meanings that citizens ascribe to this notion, how these translate into diverse mobilisation methods, how authorities respond to citizen engagement and the overall outcome of these processes. This research showed that while the limited efficacy of institutional protocols for accountability taints citizens’ hopes for change, they still engage in a plethora of social accountability initiatives. Yet, such initiatives are far from systematically producing results. Local officials’ complicated relationship with civil society and limited ad hoc concessions further nuance the assessment of bottom-up demands for accountability. Regardless, civil society actors remain resolute in their struggles for change.
Social Accountability in Lebanon: Collaboration Rather Than Confrontation in Times of Crisis
Authors: Jadaoun Hicham 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter brings a case study of social accountability (SA) initiative in Lebanon, focusing on the relationship between community-based committees and municipalities. It explores different meanings of SA, which in this context focuses more on the possibility of people to question the municipality’s actions, and latter’s openness to this kind of questioning. SA therefore takes a more reactive form, and is more accepted in the case of failure to respond to people’s priorities, while steering away from financial accountability. Local actors emphasise direct communication as a primary tool for SA. Collaboration is more valued than confrontation as it seen as more likely to yield positive results and change. During the multifaceted crisis in Lebanon, citizens’ expectations of municipalities and their respective roles are shifting towards responding to basic needs. This is coinciding with municipalities’ diminished resources to fulfil their duties. Municipalities therefore look to local citizen committees for support. This opens the door for collaborative planning, if certain boundaries are respected.
Indicators and Data in Spain Regarding Policies and Measures for the Mobilization of Investments into the Renovation of Buildings
Authors: Arbulu Markel , Gómez-Gil Marta , Rueda-Esteban Markel , Monzón-Chavarrías Marta , Espinosa-Fernández Almudena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndicators are necessary in the building sector to measure whether the long-term renovation strategies of the European Union Member States deliver the necessary progress towards the transformation of the building stock into a decarbonized one. Policies and measures for the mobilization of investments into the renovation of buildings have been identified as key issues to be addressed in the decarbonization of the building sector. In this chapter, we propose indicators to measure the evolution in Spain of the policies and measures for the mobilization of investments into the renovation of buildings following the European Commission recommendations and directives. We also studied the sources of information available in Spain for the development of these indicators and developed them when there were data. This study allowed us to conclude that in this country, there are not enough data sources to develop relevant indicators that measure progress in policies and measures for the mobilization of investments into buildings renovation. The need to resort to different sources depending on the information required implies a loss of data and lack of accuracy.
Political Thought on Democracy Related to Political Parties
Authors: Fink-Hafner Danica 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn a search for the link between parties and democracy, several strands of literature are analysed: early liberal thought, empirical liberalism literature and literature on illiberalism and a variety of post-World War II democratic ideals at the national, international and global levels. Political parties are found neither in early liberal thought nor in the many streams of the recent literature on forms of governing. Nevertheless, the real-life emergence and functioning of parties has put pressure on the literature on governing, within the fields of political thought and political science, to respond to their empirical existence.
Changes in the Party System (1989–2022)
Authors: Fink-Hafner Danica 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBased on the indicators presented in Chapter5, four changes to the party system in Slovenia are revealed: the transitional party system (1989–1991); the consolidation of the first party system based on the 1991 constitution (1992–2000 elections); the destabilization of the first party system (2004–2008 elections); and the continuous radical renewal of the party system (2011–2022 elections). A comparative analysis of these four changes in the party system shows that party system fragmentation has been a constant characteristic. While the party system had become institutionalized during the 1990s, its deinstitutionalization started after the 2000 elections and radically intensified after the 2011 elections. Similarly, polarization was already increasing after the 2000 elections. The radical short-term decline in Slovenia’s democracy (2020–2021) cannot be explained without taking other factors into account.
Summary of Findings and Conclusions
Authors: Fink-Hafner Danica 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the gaps in the theory about the role of parties in the context of changes in governing, where parties persist as political institutions with different roles in relation to democracy. In explaining the factors that have an impact on the relationship between parties and democracy, the case study confirms the important role of the economy, social inequality, civil society, a state of emergency and external factors (both supportive and damaging). Besides these, it offers additional political factors that have so far been overlooked. It also points to the relevance of variations in party and party system polarization and institutionalization, as well as in party models. The important role of political institutions is demonstrated by comparing Slovenia with other countries. As well as ideas for further comparative research, the conclusions point to the need to research parties and party systems while taking into account macro issues such as changing modes of capitalism, rapid and at the same time major technological innovations, political representation, government, transnational linkages and the accumulation of international crises.
On-Device Query Auto-completion for Email Search
Authors: Qiao Yifan , Godwin Otto , Ouyang Hua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTraditional query auto-completion (QAC) relies heavily on search logs collected over many users. However, in on-device email search, the scarcity of logs and the governing privacy constraints make QAC a challenging task. In this work, we propose an on-device QAC method that runs directly on users’ devices, where users’ sensitive data and interaction logs are not collected, shared, or aggregated through web services. This method retrieves candidates using pseudo relevance feedback, and ranks them based on relevance signals that explore the textual and structural information from users’ emails. We also propose a private corpora based evaluation method, and empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Large N expansion of mass deformed ABJM matrix model: M2-instanton condensation and beyond
Authors: Nosaka Tomoki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We find new bilinear relations for the partition functions of the U(N)k × U(N + M)−k ABJ theory with two parameter mass deformation (m1, m2), which generalize the $$\mathfrak{q}$$-Toda-like equation found previously for m1 = m2. By combining the bilinear relations with the Seiberg-like dualities and the duality cascade relations, we can determine the exact values of the partition functions recursively with respect to N. This method is more efficient than the exact calculation by the standard TBA-like approach in the Fermi gas formalism. As an application we study the large N asymptotics of the partition function with the mass parameters in the supercritical regime where the large N expansion obtained for small mass parameters is invalid.
Evaluation of the influence of ultrasonic vibration on physical, tensile, and morphological properties of fused deposition modeled specimens
Authors: Quader Raihan , Klinstein Leo , Grewell David , Narayanan Lokesh Karthik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of fused deposition modeling (FDM) in printing polymers for various applications has been ever increasing. However, its utilization in printing polymers for high-strength and superior surface finish applications is still a challenge, primarily due to process intrinsic defects, i.e., voids between the layers and the rough exterior arising from unrestrained deposition of molten polymer. This research hypothesizes that application of ultrasonic vibration (USV) post-fabrication could minimize these shortcomings. For this investigation, ASTM D638 Type IV samples were FDM-printed using poly(lactic) acid (PLA). Through screening experiments, an optimized set of ultrasonic parameters was determined. Then, the effect of both-sided ultrasonic application was characterized. Subsequently, the impact of USV on the samples’ physical, tensile, and morphological properties was examined by varying the layer height, infill patterns, and % infill density. Up to 70% roughness reduction was observed as a result of post-FDM ultrasonic application. Additionally, the tensile strength of the samples increased by up to 15.31%. Moreover, for some lower % infill samples, post-ultrasonic tensile strengths were higher than 100% infill control samples. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imagery indicated enhanced layer consolidation and reduced void presence in samples treated with ultrasonic. The combination of ultrasonic-generated heat and downward pressure promoted a synergistic squeeze flow and intermolecular diffusion across consecutive layers of polymers. As a result, increased tensile strength and surface finish were achieved while dimensional change was marginal.
Four-period integration oversampling method (4PIOM) for hardware-in-the-loop power converters with complementary switches
Authors: Zamiri Elyas , Sanchez Alberto , de Castro Angel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses aliasing oscillations encountered in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation caused by inaccurate duty cycle detection in high-frequency power electronic applications. Oversampling has been commonly used as a solution to detect switching events more accurately. Traditional oversampling methods use the extra information obtained by oversampling the inputs for further computations to enhance the precision of the simulation. However, these techniques increase the complexity of the model since they take into account several switch states during each simulation step. To mitigate these complexities, the integration oversampling method (IOM) was introduced as a recent alternative with minimum impact on the model complexity. IOM provides a modified switching pattern that effectively prevents aliasing oscillations while maintaining a single switch-state for each simulation step. It can be implemented as an independent block between the controller and the HIL model, so it keeps the HIL model unchanged. This study highlights the limitations detected in applying IOM to the models with complementary switches, including possible undesired short circuits. To overcome these limitations, a novel oversampling method called 4PIOM is presented. 4PIOM further enhances the IOM algorithm by reducing the simulation step and sampling period. The validity of the new method is demonstrated by comparison with previous proposals and also with the same model without any oversampling. Both experimental and MATLAB simulation results prove its superior performance in attenuating the aliasing oscillations and improving the quality of the simulation.
On splittings and integration of almost periodic functions with and without geometry
Authors: Budde Christian , Kreulich Josef 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, the authors introduced the notion of weighted semigroups which apply to sun-dual semigroups and especially to the translation semigroup on the space of left continuous functions with values in dual spaces. In this article, we will show that it is sufficient that we either assume geometry on the Banach, or an abelian structure on the minimal subgroup to prove almost periodicity. This yields a different approach to the almost periodicity of semigroups and integrals, by extending Basit generalized Kadets result to general groups, to obtain almost periodicity.
Berberine chloride suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma proliferation and growth by targeting inflammation-related genes: an in silico analysis with in vitro and vivo validation
Authors: Ruan Lin-jie , Jiao Ju-ying , Cheng Chienshan , Zhang Yuan , Cao Zhang-qi , He Ba , Chen Zhen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Targeting inflammatory crosstalk between tumors and their microenvironment has emerged as a crucial method for suppressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) progression. Berberine (BBR) is a natural pentacyclic isoquinoline alkaloid known for its anti-inflammatory and antitumor pharmacological effects; however, the mechanism underlying PAAD suppression remains unclear. We aim to investigate the effects of BBR on PAAD progression and their underlying mechanisms.

Methods
The prognostic value of inflammation-related genes in PAAD was assessed using bioinformatics analyses, then the pharmacological effects and potential mechanisms of BBR on PAAD will be investigated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo.

Results
Fifty-eight prognostic inflammation-related genes were identified in PAAD, which were shown to have good sensitivity and specificity using a novel inflammation-related gene risk-prognosis prediction model. Among these, four candidate genes (CAPS3, PTGS2, ICAM1, and CXCR4) were predicted as targets of BBR in PAAD in silico. Molecular docking simulations showed that the four key targets docked well with BBR. Further BBR treatment suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest in vitro. Moreover, BBR exhibited a significant tumor-suppressive effect in murine subcutaneous xenografts without macroscopic hepatic and renal toxicities. In addition, BBR downregulated CAPS3, PTGS2, ICAM1, and CXCR4 protein expression.

Conclusion
This study not only elucidated the prognostic value of inflammation-related genes in PAAD but also demonstrated the potential of BBR to inhibit PAAD by targeting these genes.
Observations of Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) supernumerary nipples
Authors: Anderson Alissa K. , Levinson Parker M. , Conklin Avalon , Rotella Jay J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA wide variety of nipple locations and configurations exist among pinnipeds. Like all marine mammals, pinnipeds can have supernumerary nipples that form in utero. Supernumerary nipples have been documented in several species of pinnipeds, the only taxonomic group of marine mammals with variation in nipple number. We document multiple observations (n = 4) of female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) with supernumerary nipples in Erebus Bay, Antarctica, including a female Weddell seal with four nipples that was observed nursing two pups. Intraspecific variation in the number of supernumerary nipples observed included both one and two supernumerary nipples. The majority of the observed supernumerary nipples were nursed on by pups, but lactation was unable to be confirmed. These are the first documented observations of supernumerary nipples in Weddell seals.
Improving depth uncertainty in plenoptic camera-based velocimetry
Authors: Moaven Mahyar , Gururaj Abbishek , Raghav Vrishank , Thurow Brian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work describes the development of a particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) algorithm designed to improve three-dimensional (3D), three-component velocity field measurements using a single plenoptic camera. Particular focus is on mitigating the longstanding depth uncertainty issues that have traditionally plagued plenoptic particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments by leveraging the camera’s ability to generate multiple perspective views of a scene in order to assist both particle triangulation and tracking. 3D positions are first estimated via light field ray bundling (LFRB) whereby particle rays are projected into the measurement volume using image-to-object space mapping. Tracking is subsequently performed independently within each perspective view, providing a statistical amalgamation of each particle’s predicted motion through time in order to help guide 3D trajectory estimation while simultaneously protecting the tracking algorithm from physically unreasonable fluctuations in particle depth positions. A synthetic performance assessment revealed a reduction in the average depth errors obtained by LFRB as compared to the conventional multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique when estimating particle locations. Further analysis using a synthetic vortex ring at a magnification of − 0.6 demonstrated plenoptic-PIV capable of maintaining the equivalent of 0.1–0.15 voxel accuracy in the depth domain at a spacing to displacement ratio of 5.3–10.5, an improvement of 84–89% compared to plenoptic-PIV. Experiments were conducted at a spacing to displacement ratio of approximately 5.8 to capture the 3D flow field around a rotor within the rotating reference frame. The resulting plenoptic-PIV/PTV vector fields were evaluated with reference to a fixed frame stereoscopic-PIV (stereo-PIV) validation experiment. A systematic depth-wise (radial) component of velocity directed toward the wingtip, consistent with observations from prior literature and stereo-PIV experiments, was captured by plenoptic-PTV at magnitudes similar to the validation data. In contrast, the plenoptic-PIV did not discern any coherent indication of radial motion. Our algorithm constitutes a significant advancement in enhancing the functionality and versatility of single-plenoptic camera flow diagnostics by directly addressing the primary limitation associated with plenoptic imaging.
Graphical abstract
Crystallisation of trapped carbonate–silicate melts terminating at the carbonated solidus ledge: a record of carbon immobilisation mechanism in the lithospheric mantle
Authors: Haifler Jakub , Kotková Jana , Čopjaková Renata 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrogenic peridotites in the crystalline basement of the northwestern Bohemian Massif contain multiphase solid inclusions (MSI), which are interpreted to be crystallisation products of trapped former carbonate–silicate melts metasomatizing their host rocks. We applied conventional thermobarometry and forward thermodynamic modelling to constrain the P–T evolution ranging from the peak metamorphic conditions of the investigated harzburgite and lherzolite, through entrapment of the melts in the outer parts of garnets, to the (re)-equilibration of the MSI assemblages. The peak conditions of c. 1100 °C/4.5–5.5 GPa are recorded by garnet cores and large pyroxene porphyroclasts. The melt entrapment, during which garnet outer parts grew, was associated with influx of the metasomatizing liquids and probably took place during the early stage of the exhumation. Thermodynamic model of amphibole-free MSI assemblage comprising kinoshitalite/Ba-rich phlogopite (approximated by phlogopite in the model), dolomite, magnesite, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, garnet and chromite provided robust estimate of P and T of its (re)-equilibration, c. 900–1000 °C, 1.8–2.2 GPa. Furthermore, the lack of olivine reflects co-existence of COH fluid with high X(CO2) = CO2/(CO2 + H2O) ≥ 0.6. Models employing identical P–T–X(CO2) parameters successfully reproduced the other two amphibole-bearing assemblages observed. The modelled stability fields show perfect alignment with a characteristic isobaric segment of the solidus curve of carbonated peridotite. This co-incidence implies that the (re)-equilibration corresponds to the termination of the melt crystallisation once the near-isothermal exhumation path intersected the solidus. Decreased solubility of silicates at the carbonated peridotite “solidus ledge”, inferred from the published experimental data, as well as concentric textures of some MSI indicates sequential crystallisation from the early silicates to late dolomite. The carbonated “solidus ledge” is a relatively narrow boundary in the lithospheric mantle capable of an abrupt immobilisation of fluxing or transported carbonated melts. The investigated rocks are estimated to store approximately 0.02 kg C/m3 (or 6 ppm C) occurring as carbonates in the MSI.