bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone and calcium homeostasis in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Imrie C W , Beastall G H , Allam B F , O'Neill Jennifer , Benjamin I S , McKay A J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Sequential daily measurements of plasma parathyroid hormone (PTII) have been performed in 89 patients with acute pancreatitis. A total of 439 PTH assays was obtained during 98 episodes of the disease. Three main patterns of PTH response were found. These responses were correlated with severity of disease graded by objective criteria and also to corrected serum calcium levels. The first type of PTH response was characterized by significantly elevated PTH levels soon after hospitalization with a subsequent decrease in levels to within the normal range by the third or fourth day of illness. This type of response was specifically associated with transient severe hypocalcaemia (corrected calcium &lt;2·0 mmol/1). It was also associated with the most severe forms of disease and 6 of the 7 deaths. The second type of PTH response revealed initial PTH values in the upper level of the normal range (400–600 ng/l) while persistently low PTH levels were characteristic of the third type of response. Persistently low PTH levels were associated with normocalcaemia, and no patient in this group died. None of a group of 14 control patients exhibited the type 1 PTH response. An effective PTH response to an unidentified hypocalcaemic stimulus results in satisfactory calcium homeostasis in most patients with acute pancreatitis.
Highly selective vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for chronic duodenal ulceration: A randomized, prospective clinical study
Authors: Stoddard C J , Vassilakis J S , Duthie H L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of a randomized, prospective clinicol trial of highly selective vagotomy (HSV) versus truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty (TVP) in 126 male patients undergoing elective surgery for chronic duodenal ulceration are presented. The operations were performed by surgeons of all grades of experience. At a mean follow-up time of just over 3 years a satisfactory result was obtained in 93 per cent of patients following HSV and 78 per cent of patients following TVP, the difference being probably statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). The incidence of early and late dumping, bile vomiting, flatulence, post-prandial epigastric discomfort and wound infection was statistically significantly less after HSV than after TVP. Three patients have developed a recurrent duodenal ulcer after each type of operation (5.4 per cent). At this early stage HSV has advantages over TVP; it will be interesting to see if these are maintained with the passage of time.
Metronidazole prophylaxis for elective large bowel surgery in children: A prospective trial
Authors: Khan Omar , Nixon H H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a controlled trial in children aged 2 days to 16 years undergong large bowel surgery a group of 15 patients had preoperative mechanical bowel preparation and oral neomycin while a second group of 15 patients was similarly prepared but also had preoperative and postoperative metronidazole medication.
Five of the 9 postoperative infections in the first group involved Bacteroides spp. but no anaerobe was found in the 3 wound infections in the metronidazole group.
Tuberculosis of the peritoneal cavity
Authors: Khoury George A , Payne Christopher R , Harvey David R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical presentation and management of 30 consecutive patients with tuberculous pertonitis are reviewed. Seventy per cent of the patients were aged 40 years or less and 80 per cent were immigrants. The main clinical features of abdominal pain, loss of weight, vomiting and sweating at night had been present in a large number of patients for several months before presentation to hospital. The clinical diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was difficult in the absence of extraperitoneal tuberculosis. Laboratory investigations were of little value in establishing the diagnosis. An elevated ESR was found in 80 per cent of patients. At laparotomy omental biopsy was performed and was diagnostic in all cases. Laparotomy was a safe and fast method of obtaining tissue for confirmation of the diagnosis in suspected cases, particularly when presenting acutely. Ascitic fluid cultures and guinea-pig inoculations were positive in only 6 out of the 15 patients in whom they were performed. Only 1 patient died.
Talc granuloma of the ureter: A case report
Authors: Joannides J I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A patient presented with symptoms of ureteric colic. At laparotomy a ureteric stricture was found which was presumed to be tuberculous, but histological examination proved it to be a talc granuloma, the talc having been introduced as a glove powder 20 years previously during a hysterectomy operation.
Spinal epidural abscess presenting as acute abdomen in a child
Authors: Tyson G W , Grant A , Strachan W E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Spinal epidural abscess is seldom encountered in children and rarely occurs in the absence of spinal pain. A case is described in which a child with a thoracic epidural abscess presented with abdominal rather than spinal pain. Thoracolumbar radicular inflammation and visceroparietal refexes initiated by a ‘spinal ileus’ probably produced the symptoms and signs of acute intra-abdominal disease. Consideration of intraspinal disease is advisable in all cases of acute abdomen which exhibit atypical features.
Toxic dilatation of the colon in salmonella colitis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Schofield Philip F , Mandal B K , Ironside A G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Toxic dilatation of the colon may be due to inflammatory bowel disease, either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease of the colon, but recent experience has shown that infective colitis due to salmonella can produce this complication. We present 13 cases with toxic dilatation (9 inflammatory bowel disease and 4 salmonellosis) and outline the diagnostic features and treatment in these patients. It is important to distinguish salmonellosis at an early stage because, whilst toxic dilatation in inflammatory bowel disease is an absolute indication for surgical treatment, cases with this complication due to salmonellosis may be treated conservatively in the majority of instances.
A clinical trial of endolymphatic therapy in malignant melanoma: Interim report of the progress of the Medical Research Council trial
Authors:   MRC working party on endolymphatic therapy in malignant melanoma, Bush R W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This report presents the interim results of the MRC trial on the treatment of Stage I melanoma of the lower limb by endolymphatic therapy.
Over a 10-year period a group of 146 patients has been entered into the trial. Although total recurrence rates were not significantly affected by endolymphatic therapy, recurrence in the lymph nodes was largely prevented. More patients in the standard treatment group needed the more major procedure of block dissection.
The survival rates for the endolymphatic and standard treatment groups did not differ significantly.
Internal fixation versus primary prosthetic replacement in acute femoral neck fractures: A prospective, randomized clinical study
Authors: Söreide Odd , Mölster Anders , Raugstad Tor Steinar 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prospective, randomized clinical study has been performed on 104 patients with an acute femoral neck fracture, comparing internal fixation (von Bahr screws) with primary prosthetic replacement (Christiansen endoprosthesis). Immediate weight bearing was allowed in both groups.
The postoperative mortality rate was similar in the two groups.
Internal fixation proved to be a less time-consuming operation, gave a shorter hospitalization time and was associated with a significantly reduced morbidity rate compared with prosthetic replacement. No blood transfusion was needed in the internal fixation group.
Primary prosthetic replacement was associated with earlier postoperative mobilization, probably gave a more definitive treatment with fewer reoperations, and showed better results at 1-year follow-up.
Changing pattern in aetiology of pancreatitis in an urban Swedish area
Authors: Svensson J-O , Norbäck B , Bokey E L , Edlund Y 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Two groups of patients admitted with a first attack of acute pancreatitis are reviewed. The first group, consisting of 105 patients, was admitted between 1968 and 1969; the second group of 204 patients was admitted between 1974 and 1975. These groups were compared with one of 454 patients admitted between 1956 and 1960 whose details were published earlier by our unit (Edlund et al., 1968). The aim of this study was to determine whether the incidence of factors associated with pancreatitis within the population of the city of Göteborg had changed in the 20-year period. In the 1956–60 group gallstone disease was the main associated factor (68 per cent), but in the later groups alcohol-induced pancreatitis assumed the leading role (68 and 66 per cent respectively). Alcohol-induced pancreatitis tended to occur at a younger age than gallstone pancreatitis. Thirty-one per cent of 449 patients admitted with an acute attack of alcoholic pancreatitis in the two last periods of study had previous attacks.
The role of grey scale ultrasonography in the investigation of jaundice
Authors: McKay A J , Duncan J G , Lam P , Hunt D R , Blumgart L H 
Published: March 2007

SummarySixty-seven patients were prospectively studied using grey scale ultrasound (GSU) to assess its possible role as part of a jaundice investigation programme. All scans were performed by one radiologist, without clinical information. When intrahepatic ductal dilatation was found an attempt was made to establish the level and cause of obstruction. The calibre of the intrahepatic bile ducts was correctly reported in 66 patients (98 per cent). Forty-three proved to have extrahepatic cholestasis, 24 had intrahepatic cholestasis. No patient with intrahepatic cholestasis had dilated ducts seen on ultrasound.In 43 patients with obstructive jaundice, GSU accurately detected the level of obstruction in 28. This accuracy varied with the cause of obstruction. A direct indication of diagnosis was possible in 45 of the 67 patients.In a unit specializing in the management of complicated hepatobiliary problems, GSU has been shown to be accurate in differentiating extra- from intrahepatic jaundice. Being non-invasive, it appears ideally suited for use as a screening procedure, permitting selection of appropriate invasive investigations to provide complete preoperative imaging of the biliary tree. In patients with jaundice due to gallstones, GSU may be the only imaging technique required before surgery provided good operative cholangiography is available.
The ultrasonic demonstration of portacaval shunts
Authors: Berger L A , Sagor G , George Phyllis 
Published: March 2007

Summary
This study explores the use of ultrasound in the management of patients with portacaval anastomosis. Ten patients were studied; in 8 of these the status of the anastomosis was well demonstrated. It is suggested that ultrasound should be the initial investigation to determine the patency of a shunt.
Infusion cholecystography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Pinto D J , Burke M , Wilkins R A , Kark A E 
Published: March 2007

Summary
The use of infusion cholecystography as an aid in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was investigated in 21 patients. Seventeen of 18 patients (94 per cent) with positive cholecyst-tomograms who underwent laparotomy had confirmation of acutely inflamed gallbladders both macroscopically and histologically. These findings suggest that infusion cholecystography can make a significant contribution in reducing the incidence of misdiagnosis in acute cholecystitis, and that the investigation should be part of the management of patients in whom early surgery is planned.
Operative choledochoscopy
Authors: Kappas A , Alexander-Williams J , Keighley M R B , Watts G T 
Published: March 2007

Summary
We have reported the results of 121 examinations with the rigid choledochoscope performed by 13 different surgeons between 1969 and 1977. Pre-exploratory choledochoscopy was performed in 48 patients with a diagnostic accuracy of 94 per cent.
Post-exploratory choledochoscopy was used in 73 patients to define whether the common bile duct had been adequately cleared of stones. Fifty-one patients were correctly assessed as having a clear duct and unsuspected residual calculi were demonstrated by choledochoscopy in 13 patients. However, choledochoscopy failed to identify 9 patients with retained stones. The accuracy of post-exploratory choledochoscopy alone was 87 per cent and the accuracy of post-exploratory cholangiography was 82 per cent, but when choledochoscopy was combined with post-exploratory cholangiography there were no errors. We conclude that the addition of choledochoscopy to conventional radiological techniques is likely to reduce the incidence of residual calculi after choledochotomy.
A study of arterial prostheses by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Conway P F , Simmens S C , Charlesworth D 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Scanning electron micrographs were taken of ten different vascular prostheses. The micrographs showed that some prostheses were damaged and some had traces of chemicals on their surface. The application of standard vascular clamps damaged most grafts and some showed remarkable changes on resterilization.
A comparison between disposable and non-disposable suction drainage units: A report of a controlled trial
Authors: Britton B J , Gilmore O J A , Lumley J S P , Castleden W M 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A randomized trial of high vacuum Redivac drains and low vacuum Portovac drains has been conducted in 46 female patients undergoing simple mastectomy through a transverse skin incision. The Redivac units drained less fluid, stayed in place for a day less than the Portovac units and were emptied once less often.
Angiodysplasia as a cause of colonic bleeding in the elderly
Authors: Bogokowsky H , Slutzki S , Alon H 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Angiodysplasia is being recognized as a major causal factor of colonic haemorrhage in the elderly. Superior mesenteric arteriography in an 86-year-old lady with recurrent haemorrhage revealed the lesion. Confirmation of the diagnosis was made possible by the injection of contrast material into the blood vessels of the removed intestine and subsequent histological examination.
Ambulatory calf volume plethysmography in the assessment of venous insufficiency
Authors: Fernandes Fernandes J E , Horner J , Needham T , Nicolaides A 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Ambulatory calf volume plethysmography has been used to study venous insufficiency in 50 lower limbs. The results demonstrate that it is possible to determine the presence of venous insufficiency and differentiate between normal limbs, limbs with superficial venous insufficiency only, limbs with deep venous insufficiency and limbs with deep venous insufficiency and occlusion by determining the ambulatory volume change and maximum venous outflow or venous volume.
The treatment of major liver trauma by primary packing with transfer of the patient for definitive treatment
Authors: Calne R Y , McMaster P , Pentlow B D 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Four patients are reported in whom massive haemorrhage from severe hepatic trauma was managed initially by conservative surgery and packing. The patients were then transferred by ambulance to Addenbrooke's Hospital where further treatment involved elective surgery and removal of packs. All 4 patients were discharged from hospital and have made full recoveries. It is felt that the management of liver trauma should be to do the minimum that is necessary to staunch bleeding, by suture, arterial ligation, lobectomy, resectional débridement or simply by packing. This allows the patient's haemodynamic state to be restored to normal before further surgery is attempted.
Renal function and other factors in obstructive jaundice
Authors: Allison M E M , Prentice C R M , Kennedy A C , Blumgart L H 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Renal function and other factors that possibly affect the outcome of operation were measured in 24 patients with obstructive jaundice and in 15 non-jaundiced controls. The preoperative features that were associated with a poor postoperative recovery from obstructive jaundice were a raised serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product concentration, infection, hypoalbuminaemia and a low glomerular filtration rate. Preoperative serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product concentrations were raised in 4 of the 6 jaundiced patients who died after surgery but in none of the controls, in whom there was no mortality.
In the jaundiced patients there was a greater incidence of postoperative renal impairment than in the controls. All patients were given mannitol during operation. Further mannitol was required after surgery in 13 of the 24 jaundiced patients in order to maintain urine flow rate despite adequate intravenous fluids being given. In contrast, only 1 of the 15 control patients required postoperative mannitol.
It is emphasized that repeated doses of mannitol can lead to a profound natriuresis and adequate intravenous saline should be given.
Primary hydatid cyst of the gallbladder
Authors: Rigas A M , Karatzas G M , Markidis N C , Bonikos D S , Sotiropoulou G G , Skalkeas G 
Published: March 2007

Summary
An unusual case of hydatid cyst of the gallbladder is presented. The difficulties in diagnosis are discussed. There is no other report of such a cyst in the world literature.
H2-antagonists in the treatment of recurrent ulceration after vagotomy
Authors: Clark C G , Boulos P B , Haggie S J , McDonald A M 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Twenty-two patients with recurrent ulceration following vagotomy with and without a drainage procedure have been treated with histamine H2-antagonists and followed for up to 3 years. Four of a group of 6 patients responded to a single therapeutic course. Ten of 16 patients assigned to long term maintenance treatment remain symptom-free. Cimetidine may be an alternative to further surgery in the treatment of some patients with recurrent ulceration after vagotomy.
Eating patterns in patients recovering from major surgery—a study of voluntary food intake and energy balance
Authors: Hackett A F , Yeung C K , Hill G L 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Voluntary food intake (VFI) and energy balance were studied in 12 adult patients over a 2-week period following elective colectomy. Daily VFI was recorded by weighing all food presented to the patient as well as any rejected by him or her. Home VFI was estimated by a dietary history technique. Energy balance was calculated from the VFI and from the changes in body fat and protein that occurred over the study period.
The home VFI of the males was greater than that of the females with mean values of 2342 ± 542 kcal per day and 1666 ± 444 kcal per day respectively (mean ± 1 s.d.; P &lt; 0.05).
Eleven patients began to eat 2–7 days after the operation, reaching a maximum VFI in stepwise fashion between 7 and 14 days. The maximum VFI reached during this period was related to the home VFI (r = 0.84; P &lt; 0.01). The twelfth patient required a second operation on the fifth postoperative day and began to eat 4 days later, reaching a maximum after a further 9 days.
No simple relationship was found between postoperative VFI and energy output over the study period. The higher the energy output, the more energy was derived from endogenous fat and protein. An average energy deficit of 1155 kcal per day (range +197 to −2758) was observed, and there was no significant relationship between this deficit and the VFI, which averaged 949 kcal per day (range 371–1833).
It is concluded that the amount of food consumed by post-surgical patients is dependent primarily on their previous home intake and not on their energy output. Patients with high energy outputs do not compensate by increasing VFI and large energy deficits can develop.
The role of thrombolytic therapy in the management of phlegmasia caerulea dolens
Authors: Elliot M S , Immelman E J , Jeffery P , Benatar S R , Funston M R , Smith J A , Jacobs P , Shepstone B J , Ferguson A D , Louw J H 
Published: March 2007

Summary
Two cases of phlegmasia caerulea dolens with peripheral venous gangrene treated with streptokinase are presented. Both patients had excellent results, beyond expectation. The literature is reviewed and the symptomatology, aetiology, pathogenesis and current thoughts on treatment are discussed.
Short term metronidazole therapy contrasted with povidone-iodine spray in the prevention of wound infection after appendicectomy
Authors: Salem R J , Johnson J , Devitt P 
Published: March 2007

Summary
In a prospective, randomized trial metronidazole was found to be significantly better than povidone-iodine in reducing the incidence of wound infection after appendicectomy (P &lt; 0.005). The metronidazole was given as a 3-day course and was found to be as effective as the established 7-day course. Over 65 per cent of the wound infections presented after the patients had been discharged from hospital.
Chronic relapsing pancreatitis: A review of 64 cases
Authors: Trapnell J E 
Published: March 2007

Summary
A collected series of 64 cases of chronic relapsing pancreatitis is reported. Analysis of this material reveals several points of interest. There is a difference in the aetiological spectrum in Britain when compared with reports from France and the United States. In particular, nearly half the British cases were idiopathic. The clinical presentation and the age and sex ratios also varied with aetiology. Endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the pancreatic duct was of little value in confirming a diagnosis of pancreatitis in the problem case. This investigation did, however, demonstrate that a widespread dilatation of the pancreatic duct was a minority finding. In those patients with alcoholic pancreatitis follow-up studies have shown that, if the addiction can be broken, there is a 75 per cent chance that pain will diminish or disappear with the passage of time. The main indication for surgical intervention was severe pain and this study has shown that if strict criteria are observed, a worth-while relief of symptoms can be achieved. In particular, subtotal pancreatectomy produced good results in up to 85 per cent of cases, although with an appreciable short term postoperative morbidity.