bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The PENROSE Transform for Bundles Non‐Trivial on the General Line
Authors: Leiterer Jürgen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLet L0 be a fixed projective line in
CP3 and let M ≅ C4 be the complexified MINKOWSKI space interpreted as the manifold of all projective lines L ⫅ CP3 with L ∩ L0 ∅︁ Ø. Let D ⫅ M, D′ ⫅ CP3/L0 be open sets such that \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ D' = \mathop \cup \limits_{L \in D} $\end{document}. Under certain topological conditions on D, R. S. WARD'S PENROSE transform sets up an 1–1 correspondence between holomorphic vector bundles over D′ trivial over each L ϵ D and holomorphic connections with anti‐self‐dual curvature over D (anti‐self‐dual YANG‐MILLIS fields). In the present paper WARD'S construction is generalized to holomorphic vector bundles E over D′ satisfying the condition that \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ E|_L \cong E|_{\tilde L} $\end{document} for all \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ L,\tilde L \in D $\end{document}.
Locally Complemented Subspaces and ℒ︁p‐Spaces for 0 < p < 1
Authors: Kalton N. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe develop a theory of ℒ︁p‐spaces for 0 < p < 1, basing our definition on the concept of a locally complemented subspace of a quasi‐BANACH space. Among the topics we consider are the existence of basis in ℒ︁p‐spaces, and lifting and extension properties for operators. We also give a simple construction of uncountably many separable ℒ︁p‐spaces of the form ℒ︁p(X) where X is not a ℒ︁p‐space. We also give some applications of our theory to the spaces Hp, 0 < p < 1.
Some Properties of Certain Multivalent Functions
Authors: Owa Shigeyoshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCertain subclasses 𝒜p(j, α), ℬ︁p(j, α) and 𝒢p,b(j, α) of multivalent functions in the unit disk are introduced. The object of the present paper is to derive some properties of functions belonging to the classes 𝒜p(j, α), ℬ︁p(j, α), or 𝒢p,b(j, α). Further, generalizations of results for certain multivalent functions by M. NUNOKAWA, S. OWA and H. SAITOH [9], and by R. SINGH and S. SINGH [13] are shown.
On a Problem by J. M. Wills
Authors: Sauer Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet P1(n), P2(n), P3(n) denote the norm‐polyhedra cube, crosspolytope and sphere in the Euclidean n‐space. We consider the polyhedra Di,j(n):=Pi(n)∩Pj(n) with 1 ≦ i ≠ j ≦ 3. In [2] posed the question about the limits \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } $\end{document} V(Di,j(n)) of the volumes of the polyhedra Di,j(n). WEISSBACH gave the answer for one of them, namely \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } $\end{document} V(D1,2(n)). A more general result used Banach‐space methods of Schechtman and ZINN contains the solution for the limits \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } $\end{document} V(Di,j(n)). The main result of this paper is the determination of both limits \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } $\end{document} V(D1,3(n)) and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } $\end{document} V(D2,3(n)) with geometrical methods.
An Interface Problem in Solid Mechanics with a Linear Elastic and a Hyperelastic Material
Authors: Carstensen Carsten 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe three dimensional interface problem is considered with the homogeneous Lamé system in an unbounded exterior domain and some quasistatic nonlinear elastic material behavior in a bounded interior Lipschitz domain. The nonlinear material is of the Mooney‐Rivlin type of polyconvex materials. We give a weak formulation of the interface problem based on minimizing the energy, and rewrite it in terms of boundary integral operators. Then, we prove existence of solutions.
Comparison Theorems for Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Džurina Jozef 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOur aim in this paper is to obtain the comparison principles which extend those of Grace and LALLI. The equations.Lnu(t)±f(t, u[g(t)]= 0are compared with the equations.Mnu(t)±z(t)h([τ(t)])= 0.
Complements on Diminnie Orthogonality
Authors: Alonso Javier , Benítez Carlos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new orthogonality relation for normed linear spaces is introduced by C. R. DIMINNIE in [10]. Some interesting properties of such orthogonality and its relationship with Birkhoff orthogonality are studied in the above paper.The first part of this paper begins with a geometrical interpretation of Diminnie‐orthogonality which allows us to obtain some other properties of such orthogonality. The second part deals with relationships between Diminnie orthogonality and some other known orthogonalities.
Connection Formulas for Second Order Differential Equations with a Complex Parameter and Having an Arbitrary Number of Turning Points
Authors: Eberhard W. , Freiling G. , Schneider A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider the differential equation

on a finite interval I, where I contains m turning points, that is here, zeros of ϕ. Using asymptotic estimates proved by R. E. LANGER for solutions of (*) for intervals containing only one turning point we derive asymptotic estimates (for ρ → ) for a special fundamental system of solutions of (*) in I. The results obtained are fundamental for the investigation of eigenvalue problems defined by (*) and suitable boundary conditions.
Photopolymerization and Characteristics of Polyurethane/Organoclay Nanocomposites
Authors: Tan Hailin , Nie Jun 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDifferent polymerizable ammonium surfactants were successfully synthesized via Michael‐addition and quaternarization reactions. Organoclays containing reactive methacrylate groups were prepared by the cationic exchange process. Intercalated nanocomposites were produced by UV initiated polymerization with 5 wt.‐% organophilic clay loading. DMTA tests and tensile analysis implied that a long chain polymerizable modifier could crosslink with the polymer matrix, and mechanical and tensile properties were enhanced dramatically about 80%. Water sorption was not elevated, which was determined by the polymer itself and the hydrophobicity of the modifier, although the water permeation was improved.magnified image
Pudendal entrapment as an etiology of chronic perineal pain: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Popeney Charles , Ansell Van , Renney Ken 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAimsThis study was conducted to evaluate pudendal entrapment as an etiology of chronic pain, a diagnostic protocol for pudendal entrapment, and clinical response to surgical decompression.MethodsA case series of 58 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of pudendal entrapment, based on clinical factors, neurophysiologic studies, and response to pudendal nerve infiltrations, is described. All patients were refractory to other treatment modalities. Patients were assessed before and after surgical decompression: degree of pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) score, percent global overall improvement, and improved function and quality of life before surgery and 12 months or longer after surgery.ResultsThe primary presenting feature was progressive, chronic, intractable neuropathic pain in the perineum (ano‐rectal and/or urogenital) that worsened with sitting. Other symptoms included urinary hesitancy, frequency, urgency, constipation/painful bowel movements, and sexual dysfunction. After surgical decompression, 35 (60%) patients were classified as responders, based on one of the following three criteria: a greater than 50% reduction in VAS score, a greater than 50% improvement in global assessment of pain, or a greater than 50% improvement in function and quality of life.ConclusionsPudendal entrapment can be a cause of chronic, disabling perineal pain in both men and women. Since symptomatic patients seek medical care from many different medical specialists, a reliable diagnostic protocol should be established. For patients refractory to conventional interventions, surgical decompression of the pudendal nerve can improve pain‐related symptoms and disability. With ongoing work on this subject, which is a difficult disorder to accurately diagnose and treat, a better awareness of pudendal entrapment across specialties will emerge. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:820–827, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antidiuresis therapy: Mechanism of action and clinical implications
Authors: Nørgaard Jens Peter , Hashim Hashim , Malmberg Lars , Robinson Dudley 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAbnormalities of micturition occur in many different diseases, have a variety of causes and take several forms. This review will focus exclusively on those abnormalities in which antidiuretic therapy may be of benefit. These conditions are primarily characterized by an increase in the total amount of urine produced (polyuria) or a circadian shift in the control of urine production and/or voiding (nocturnal enuresis, nocturia). Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:1008–1013, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of clay content on the ultraviolet‐curing and physical properties of urethane‐acrylate/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Kim Dae Su 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of clay content on the ultraviolet (UV)‐curing behavior and physical properties of a urethane‐acrylate/clay nanocomposite system was studied. The UV‐curing behavior of the nanocomposite system was investigated by monitoring the change of a characteristic IR absorption peak for acrylate groups. The UV‐curing rate and final conversion of the nanocomposite system increased with increasing clay content and affected the physical properties of the nanocomposites. The thermal, mechanical and optical properties of the nanocomposites were affected by clay content. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed that the nanocomposites had an intercalated structure. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:325–330, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of compatibilizer on the natural durability of wood flour/high density polyethylene composites against rainbow fungus (Coriolus versicolor)
Authors: Karimi Ali Naghi , Tajvidi Mehdi , Pourabbasi Sara 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of compatibilizer on the natural durability of wood flour/high density polyethylene composites against Coriolus versicolor, composites containing 25% and 50% by weight maple wood flour and 1% and 2% compatibilizer (Maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE)), respectively, were sampled. Identical specimens of the same composites without the compatibilizer were also prepared. Physical and mechanical properties of all specimens, including water absorption, flexural modulus, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness, were determined prior to and after incubation with the fungus for 14 weeks at 25°C and 75% relative humidity. Weight losses of the specimens were also determined after incubation. Results indicated that the compatibilizer had significant effects on the natural durability of the studied composite formulations so that all mechanical properties were affected by the fungus to greater extents in the case of uncompatibilized specimens than the compatibilized ones. Weight loss of the uncompatibilized composites was also higher than that of compatibilized ones. Higher water absorption was observed in all cases after incubation. However, the increase in water absorption was considerably higher in the case of uncompatibilized specimens. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:273–277, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Photochemical micelle control by long‐alkyl‐chain Malachite Green
Authors: Uda Ryoko M. , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have designed a Malachite Green leuconitrile carrying a long‐alkyl‐chain which controls micelle formation photochemically. The Malachite Green derivative, when ionized photochemically, exhibits some hydrophilicity by its triphenylmethyl cation and some hydrophobicity by its long alkyl chain. The behavior of the photoresponsive Malachite Green surfactant was studied in mixed micelle solutions containing cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and a small quantity of the Malachite Green. We found that UV irradiation drastically decreased the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the mixed micelle solutions and that the Malachite Green derivative realized photoinduced uptake of oily substances based on its photogenerated amphiphilicity. The mechanism of the photoinduced enhancement of solubilizing oily substances is discussed at the viewpoint of the microscopic location of the Malachite Green surfactant in the micelle. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion complexes of estrone and estradiol with β‐cyclodextrin: Voltammetric and HPLC studies
Authors: Yañez Claudia , Basualdo Julio , Jara‐Ulloa Paola , Squella J. Arturo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe interaction of estrone and estradiol with β‐cyclodextrins (βCD) was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in mixed media. The co‐solvent influence on the tendency of these estrogens to form inclusion complexes with βCD was examined. Thus, acetonitrile (MeCN) and ethanol (EtOH) were used in a mixed aqueous medium containing phosphate buffer. The association constant of the inclusion complexes (Ka) of estrone and estradiol with βCD were determined in two different media by using both voltammetric and chromatographic techniques. Estradiol was found to bind to βCD with higher affinities than estrone, irrespective of the medium. We have also found a clear influence of the co‐solvent on the Ka value, which means a competition of co‐solvent molecules with estrogens for binding to the cavity of βCD. Consequently, interaction between βCD and the steroids is weakened when acetonitrile is used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental evidence of chiral crown ether complexation with aromatic amino acids
Authors: Koźbiał Małgorzata , Poznański Jarosław 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe complexation of L‐ and D‐enantiomers of phenylglycine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan with D‐mannonaphto‐crown‐6‐ether in methanol solution was studied by NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) at 298.15 K. The total heat effects attributed to the binding phenomena were measured in the range of 1.8 to 7.7 mJ, and the complexation was found stereo‐specific. The binding topologies were estimated basing on 1H 2D‐ROESY experiments. The analysis of Job plots obtained from 1H NMR‐monitored titrations proved the coexistence of 1:1 and 1:2 (crown ether:amino acids) complexes, which thermodynamic parameters, Ks, ΔG, ΔH°, and TΔS were determined with the aid of ITC. The 1:1 complexes were found enthalpically stabilized, generally by electrostatic interactions between the charged NH group of amino acid and crown ether macrocyclic moiety, while the binding of the second amino acid molecule was driven entropically due to solvatophobic effect. Strong enthalpy–entropy compensation points towards the uniform binding mode of all complexes studied. The mode of complex formation was found solvent dependent. For phenylalanine guest studied in various solvent systems, in contrast to the aqueous media, the noticeable chiral recognition is observed in methanol solution, and the complex stoichiometry (1:2 ether:Phe) differs from the 2:1 one, determined previously for the same host‐guest system in water (J. Thermal. Anal. Cal. 2006; 83: 575–578). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate and product studies with 2‐adamantyl fluoroformate under solvolytic conditions
Authors: Kyong Jin Burm , Rhu Chan Joo , Kim Yong‐Gun , Kevill Dennis N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe specific rates of solvolysis of 2‐adamantyl fluoroformate have been measured at 25.0 °C in 20 pure and binary solvents. These are well correlated using the extended Grunwald–Winstein equation, with incorporation of the NT solvent nucleophilicity scale and the YCl solvent ionizing power scale. The sensitivities (l = 2.15 ± 0.17 and m = 0.95 ± 0.07) toward the changes in solvent nucleophilicity and solvent ionizing power, and the kF/kCl values are very similar to those previously observed for solvolyses of n‐octyl fluoroformate, consistent with the addition step of an addition‐elimination pathway being rate‐determining. For aqueous ethanol, measurement of the product ratio allowed selectivity values (S) to be determined. The results are compared with those reported earlier for 2‐adamantyl chloroformate and mechanistic conclusions are drawn. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RAFT polymerization of styrenic‐based phosphonium monomers and a new family of well‐defined statistical and block polyampholytes
Authors: Wang Ran , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe describe herein the first example of the controlled reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical homo‐ and copolymerization of phosphonium‐based styrenic monomers mediated with a trithiocarbonate‐based RAFT chain transfer agent (CTA) directly in aqueous media. In the case of homopolymer syntheses the polymerizations proceed in a controlled fashion yielding materials with predetermined molecular characteristics as evidenced from the narrow molecular mass distributions (MMD) and the excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimentally determined molecular masses (MM). We also demonstrate the controlled nature of the homopolymerization of 4‐vinylbenzoic acid with the same CTA in DMSO. We subsequently prepared both statistical and block copolymers from the phosphonium/4‐vinylbenzoic acid monomers to yield the first examples of polyampholytes in which the cationic functional group is a quaternary phosphonium species. We show that the kinetic characteristics of the statistical copolymerizations are different from the homopolymerizations and proceed, generally, at a significantly faster rate although there appears to be a composition dependence on the rate. Given the inherent problems in characterizing such polyampholytic copolymers via aqueous size exclusion chromatography we have qualitatively proved their successful formation via FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, in a preliminary experiment we qualitatively demonstrate the ability of such pH‐responsive block copolymers to undergo supramolecular self‐assembly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2468–2483, 2007
Detection and assessment of clusters of disease: An application to nuclear power plant facilities and childhood leukaemia in Sweden
Authors: Waller Lance A. , Turnbull Bruce W. , Gustafsson Göran , Hjalmars Ulf , Andersson Bertil 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe review some recent statistical methods for examining geographic patterns of disease incidence for the presence of clusters. General methods search for clusters throughout the study area and then assess the statistical significance of any clusters detected. Focused methods check for elevated incidence rates close to prespecified locations of putative sources of hazard. We apply the methods to leukaemia incidence data for children aged 0–15 years in Sweden (1980–1990), particularly in reference to locations of nuclear power facilities. Unlike some other studies, notably in the United Kingdom, we do not find any significant clusters.
Estimating the proportion of immunes in censored samples: A simulation study
Authors: Ghitany M. E. , Maller R. , Zhou S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe review currently known results concerning the estimation of an ‘immune’ or ‘cured’ proportion, and testing for the presence of immunes, in censored survival data, suggesting that a firm theoretical foundation now exists for analysis. Two types of estimators, parametric and non‐parametric, are discussed and compared with respect to their theoretical properties, and, by simulation, with respect to their small sample behaviour. Both estimators have advantages and drawbacks, but together provide powerful tools for the perceptive analysis of survival data with, or even without, immune individuals.
A neural network model for survival data
Authors: Faraggi David , Simon Richard 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNeural networks have received considerable attention recently, mostly by non‐statisticians. They are considered by many to be very promising tools for classification and prediction. In this paper we present an approach to modelling censored survival data using the input—output relationship associated with a simple feed‐forward neural network as the basis for a non‐linear proportional hazards model. This approach can be extended to other models used with censored survival data. The proportional hazards neural network parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. These maximum likelihood based models can be compared, using readily available techniques such as the likelihood ratio test and the Akaike criterion. The neural network models are illustrated using data on the survival of men with prostatic carcinoma. A method of interpreting the neural network predictions based on the factorial contrasts is presented.
Maximum likelihood estimation of the kappa coefficient from models of matched binary responses
Authors: Shoukri M. M. , Martin S. W. , Mian I. U. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe present an estimate of the kappa‐coefficient of agreement between two methods of rating based on matched pairs of binary responses and show that the estimate depends on the common intraclass correlation coefficient between the pairs. Via Monte Carlo simulation, we investigate power of the test of significance on kappa, and the large sample bias and variance of its maximum likelihood estimator.
Small clinical trials: Are they all bad?
Authors: Matthews John N. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStatistician have long argued that randomized controlled trials should be sufficiently large to achieve their purpose, and for common diseases with major public health implications this has brought many benefits. However, there are many instances where it is unrealistic to expect clinicians to provide the information on which sample sizes are calculated and undue emphasis on trial size can be counterproductive. Examples of such trials are given and some general issues discussed, including the unhelpful contribution of hypothesis testing, the need for replication and the role of the statistician.
Meta‐analysis: Weighing the evidence
Authors: Jones David R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUse of meta‐analytical (quantitative overview) techniques is now commonplace in a wide range of medical research contexts, with a rapid rise in its frequency of use being particularly apparent in the last decade. The history of meta‐analyses in other fields, particularly psychology and educational research, is longer. Many methods have been proposed and used, from crude ‘vote counting’ of studies showing significant or non‐significant results, through methods for combination of effect size estimates based on fixed or random effects models, to general linear mixed models and Bayesian methods. The history of meta‐analysis and the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to it are briefly reviewed in this paper, with reference to pharmaceutical product licence applications, other reviews of clinical trials and epidemiological studies, and health services research.
Controversies in cancer epidemiology
Authors: Chilvers Clair E. D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe histories of three controversies are described: fluoridation of water supplies and the risk of cancer; whether oral contraceptives cause breast cancer; and the role of self‐examination in the prevention of cancer. For the future, some new controversies are already predictable. As well as the scientific debate around these topics, the roles of politics, the media, and pressure groups are discussed. The epidemiologist's responsibility to ensure that the correct interpretation of data is made clear to the public is considered.