bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of socio‐demographics and farming activity on ward‐level mortality patterns using farm and population decennial censuses
Authors: Trearty Kelly , Bunting Brendan , Mallett John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectiveFarmers experience a specific set of unique dangers, which increases their risk of mortality compared with any other occupation. This study hypothesised that Northern Ireland's (NIs) agriculturally saturated Wards have a higher risk of mortality compared against non‐agriculturally based Wards.DesignThe Population Census and Farm Census information were downloaded from the Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Service (NINIS) online depository to compile three mortality‐based data sets (2001, 2011, pooled data sets). Assessing the impact of socio‐demographics and farming activity on Ward‐level mortality patterns using farm and population decennial censuses. This study analysed all 582 Ward areas of NI, which enclosed the entire populace of the country in 2001 and 2011.FindingsPath analysis was utilised to examine direct and indirect paths linked with mortality within two census years (2001; 2011), alongside testing pathways for invariance between census years (pooled data set). Ward‐level results provided evidence for exogenous variables to mortality operating through three/four endogenous variables via: (i) direct effects (age), (ii) summed indirect effects (age; males; living alone; farming profit; and deprivation) and (iii) total effects (age; males; living alone; and deprivation). Multi‐group results cross‐validated these cause‐and‐effect relationships relating to mortality.Discussion and ConclusionThis study demonstrated that farming intensity scores, farming profits and socio‐demographics' influence on mortality risk in a Ward were dependent on the specific social‐environmental characteristics within that area. In line with earlier area level research, results support the aggregated interpretation that higher levels of farming activity within a Ward increase the risk of mortality within those Wards of NI. This was an essential study to enable future tailoring of new strategies and upgrading of current policies to bring about significant mortality risk change at local level.
Haikuology, for Kara, after Sonia Sanchez
Authors: Welland Sasha Su‐Ling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBeginning with an autoethnographic reflection on my sister's obsession with writing haiku toward the end of her long struggle with cancer, this essay falls into a wider world of illness and confinement, death and grief, moving from the COVID‐19 pandemic to the haiku practices of two modern innovators of the form, Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) and Richard Wright (1908–1960). As a mixed genre piece interweaving prose and poetry, it draws upon Renato Rosaldo's examination of culture, emotion, and rituals of bereavement, as well as his development of antropoesía as a form of ethnographic attention to emotional force. Survival, as the organizing principal of campaigns such as the War on Cancer, conditions us to privilege individuated cure and protection, with the body defended by promissory regimes of science and security. How do survivors of those lost to untimely death account for the harm this discourse simultaneously produces? The haiku moment—declarative and fleeting—sketches a map across time and place, of struggle and loss, intimate and global. Dwelling in the details of its reparative terrain provides connection to the joy and pain of yearning to be of the world, in spite of and because of the ways it tears us apart.
Stroke prevention strategies for cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fong Khi Yung , Yeo Selvie , Luo Haidong , Kofidis Theodoros , Teoh Kristine L. K. , Kang Giap Swee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStroke is a much‐feared complication of cardiac surgery, but existing literature on preventive strategies is fragmented. Hence, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of stroke prevention strategies for cardiac surgery was conducted.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating perioperative interventions for cardiac surgery, with stroke as an outcome. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to generate risk ratios (RRs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and forest plots. Descriptive analysis and synthesis of literature was conducted for interventions not amenable to meta‐analysis, focusing on risks of stroke, myocardial infarction and study‐defined major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).ResultsFifty‐six RCTs (61 894 patients) were retrieved. Many included trials were underpowered to detect differences in stroke risk. Among pharmacological therapies, only preoperative amiodarone was shown to reduce stroke risk in one trial. Concomitant left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) significantly reduced stroke risk (RR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36–0.84, P = 0.006) in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation, and there was no difference in on‐pump versus off‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.64–1.37, P = 0.735). Much controversy exists in literature on the timing of carotid endarterectomy relative to CABG in patients with severe carotid stenosis. The use of preoperative remote ischemic preconditioning was not found to reduce rates of stroke or MACE.ConclusionThis review presents a comprehensive synthesis of existing interventions for stroke prevention in cardiac surgery, and identifies gaps in research which may benefit from future, large‐scale RCTs. LAAC should be considered to reduce stroke incidence in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation.
Time intervals between pumping did not affect breastmilk protein produced by mothers of preterm infants
Authors: Kappel Susanne S. , Maastrup Ragnhild , Iyore Elisabeth O , Greisen Gorm , Egeskov Merete , Lando Ane , Hansen Bo M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimFew studies investigate factors that might influence the content of expressed breastmilk. This study aims to investigate the influence of the intervals between breastmilk pumping and the time of the day on protein and fat concentration in breastmilk.MethodsMothers of very preterm infants in a neonatal ward who expressed more than 400 mL per day were included. Expressed breastmilk was obtained from each mother over 30 h who were pumping at strictly planned and varying intervals: 2, 3, 4 and 6 h. All samples were analysed using infrared transmission spectroscopy.ResultsTen mothers participated at a median of 22 days postpartum. A total of 176 milk samples were analysed, and the average protein and fat concentrations in g/100 mL were 1.1 ± 0.23 and 4.2 ± 1.3, respectively. The time intervals between breast pumping sessions did not impact protein content, but fat content decreased by longer intervals (p < 0.01). The time of the day for milk pumping did not influence the protein or fat content.ConclusionA single milk sample collected after any 2–6 h interval, at any time during the day, represents the protein content in the breastmilk, but not the fat content which decreased with longer intervals.
Safety and feasibility of colonoscopy in nonagenarians: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahab , Hajibandeh Shahin , Regan Azel , Waterman Jennifer , Stewart Christopher M. B. , Ansell James , Horwood James , Phillips Simon , Davies Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of performing colonoscopy in patients aged 90 years or over.MethodIn compliance with PRISMA statement standards, a systematic review of studies reporting the outcomes of colonoscopy in patients aged ≥90 years was conducted. A proportional meta‐analysis model was constructed to quantify the risk of outcomes and a direct comparison meta‐analysis model was constructed to compare outcomes between nonagenarians and patients aged between 50 and 89 years via random‐effects models.ResultsSeven studies enrolling 1304 patients (1342 colonoscopies) were included. Analyses showed that complications related to bowel preparation occurred in 0.7% (95% CI 0.1%–1.6%), procedural complications in 0.6% (0.00%–1.7%), 30‐day complications in 1.5% (0.6%–2.7%), procedural mortality in 0.3% (0.0%–1.1%) and 30‐day mortality in 1.1% (0.3%–2.2%). Adequate bowel preparation and colonoscopy completion were achieved in 81.3% (73.8%–87.9%) and 92.1% (86.7%–96.3%), respectively. No difference was found in bowel preparation‐related complications [risk difference (RD) 0.00, p = 0.78], procedural complications (RD 0.00, p = 0.60), 30‐day complications (RD 0.01, p = 0.20), procedural mortality (RD 0.00, p = 1.00) or 30‐day mortality (RD 0.01, p = 0.34) between nonagenarians and patients aged between 50 and 89 years. The colorectal cancer detection rate was 14.3% (9.8%–19.5%), resulting in therapeutic intervention in 65.9% (54.5%–76.6%).ConclusionsAlthough the evidence is limited to a selected group of nonagenarians, it may be fair to conclude that if a colonoscopy is indicated in a nonagenarian with good performance status (based on initial less‐invasive investigations), the level 2 evidence supports its safety and feasibility. Age on its own should not be a reason for failing to offer colonoscopy to a nonagenarian.
Computational Modeling of the Segmentation of Sentence Stimuli From an Infant Word‐Finding Study
Authors: Swingley Daniel , Algayres Robin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComputational models of infant word‐finding typically operate over transcriptions of infant‐directed speech corpora. It is now possible to test models of word segmentation on speech materials, rather than transcriptions of speech. We propose that such modeling efforts be conducted over the speech of the experimental stimuli used in studies measuring infants' capacity for learning from spoken sentences. Correspondence with infant outcomes in such experiments is an appropriate benchmark for models of infants. We demonstrate such an analysis by applying the DP‐Parser model of Algayres and colleagues to auditory stimuli used in infant psycholinguistic experiments by Pelucchi and colleagues. The DP‐Parser model takes speech as input, and creates multiple overlapping embeddings from each utterance. Prospective words are identified as clusters of similar embedded segments. This allows segmentation of each utterance into possible words, using a dynamic programming method that maximizes the frequency of constituent segments. We show that DP‐Parse mimics American English learners' performance in extracting words from Italian sentences, favoring the segmentation of words with high syllabic transitional probability. This kind of computational analysis over actual stimuli from infant experiments may be helpful in tuning future models to match human performance.
Physiology, ecology, and evolution of a successful colonizer: the horned dung beetle, Euoniticellus intermedius
Authors: González‐Tokman Daniel , Esquivel‐Román Andrea , Martínez M Imelda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInsects are intentionally introduced to various regions out of their native ranges to perform fundamental functions, such as pest control, and some keep dispersing from introduction sites to become cosmopolitan and even invasive. The African horned dung beetle, Euoniticellus intermedius (Reiche) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), has been intentionally introduced on multiple continents to bury cattle dung and control livestock pests, but has naturally dispersed and became very abundant at various latitudes and elevations out of its native and original introduction ranges. This beetle has been considered invasive, but there is no direct evidence of its effects on displacing native species. As it is highly fecund, E. intermedius has been an important model in experimental studies performed in nature and in the laboratory in multiple fields. In evolutionary biology, it serves as a model for sexual selection, given the sexual dimorphism characterized by the presence of a horn in males which is correlated with individual condition and strength, and which is absent in females. In ecotoxicology, it has been studied regarding physiological mechanisms of responses to contaminants, population declines, and evolutionary responses to challenging toxic conditions. Given its importance in burying dung in cattle pastures, experiments have also determined environmental conditions that limit this ecological function. Despite being unique in its tolerance to a wide variety of stressors and environments, this species is sensitive to current conditions of global change, including warming and pollution. We identify the most promising questions to be solved in physiology, ecology, and evolution, for which E. intermedius would be an ideal study system.
Using implementation science to operate as a learning health system to improve outcomes in early psychosis
Authors: Kim Bo , Guyer Margaret , Keshavan Matcheri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimEarly interventions are well understood to improve psychosis outcomes, but their successful implementation remains limited. This article introduces a three‐step roadmap for advancing the implementation of evidence‐based practices to operate as a learning health system, which can be applied to early interventions for psychosis and is intended for an audience that is relatively new to systematic approaches to implementation.MethodsThe roadmap is grounded in implementation science, which specializes in methods to promote routine use of evidence‐based innovations. The roadmap draws on learning health system principles that call for commitment of leadership, application of evidence, examination of care experiences, and study of health outcomes. Examples are discussed for each roadmap step, emphasizing both data‐ and stakeholder‐related considerations applicable throughout the roadmap.ConclusionsEarly psychosis care is a promising topic through which to discuss the critical need to move evidence into practice. Despite remarkable advances in early psychosis interventions, population‐level impact of those interventions is yet to be realized. By providing an introduction to how implementation science principles can be operationalized in a learning health system and sharing examples from early psychosis care, this article prompts inclusion of a wider audience in essential discourse on the role that implementation science can play for moving evidence into practice for other realms of psychiatric care as well. To this end, the proposed roadmap can serve as a conceptual guiding template and framework through which various psychiatric services can methodically pursue timely implementation of evidence‐based interventions for higher quality care and improved outcomes.
Unruly diaspora action as decolonization: Abjection and activism among Zimbabweans in London
Authors: Mutambasere Thabani 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn an era where migration and asylum are becoming more securitized, this article argues that unruly action by asylum seekers contributes to decolonization through challenging stratified citizenship and hierarchical immigration laws. I argue through a case of members of the Zimbabwe Vigil in London that diasporas challenge the system within their countries of settlement, enhancing self‐determination, and speak back to their homelands by demanding rights where excluded. The article draws from 20 key informant interviews conducted with members of the Zimbabwe Vigil in London and their partners on the ground in Harare, Zimbabwe. Through speaking back to the homeland, these individuals play a role in challenging coloniality within the homeland and thus are agents of decolonization. Ultimately, the article answers calls by scholars to expand and challenge the way we have conceptualized diaspora in addition to the literature on diaspora lobbying, engagement and decolonization.
Money first? Strategic and economic interests in the international arms trade network, 1920–1936
Authors: Mehrl Marius , Seussler Daniel , Thurner Paul W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArms transfers result from economic and political motives, with the latter often dominating the former. While this is accepted knowledge for the post‐World War II period, it seems not to apply earlier. Much existing research argues that in the interwar years, weapons were traded as purely commercial goods because governments had neither the ability nor willingness to control and direct arms transfers. We reassess this idea and argue that, while formal control was largely absent, governments could steer weapons shipments nonetheless because arms producers depended on them as main customers, sales agents, and financiers of their export business. Anecdotal evidence suggests that governments actively used this influence. To test whether interwar arms transfers were the result of political or commercial interests, we use newly collected, historical data on the small arms trade and inferential network analysis methods. Our results suggest that although economic drivers existed throughout the interwar period, political considerations were especially influential when international relations were hostile at the start and end of the period. This research contributes to our understanding of international economic relations between the world wars and of the drivers of arms transfers across time.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell subtype (PTC‐TC) and high‐grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma tall cell phenotype (HGDTC‐TC) have different clinical behaviour: a retrospective study of 1456 patients
Authors: Ghossein Ronald , Katabi Nora , Dogan Snjezana , Shaha Ashok R , Tuttle R Michael , Fagin James A , Ganly Ian , Xu Bin 
Published: March 2024

AimsPapillary thyroid carcinoma, tall cell subtype (PTC‐TC) is a potentially aggressive histotype. The latest World Health Organisation (WHO) classification introduced a novel class of tumours; namely, high‐grade differentiated thyroid carcinoma (HGDTC), characterised by elevated mitotic count and/or necrosis, which can exhibit a tall cell phenotype (HGDTC‐TC).Methods and resultsWe analysed the clinical outcomes in a large retrospective cohort of 1456 consecutive thyroid carcinomas with a tall cell phenotype, including PTC‐TC and HGDTC‐TC. HGDTC‐TC is uncommon, accounting for 5.3% (77 of 1379) of carcinomas with tall cell morphology. HGDTC‐TC was associated with significantly older age, larger tumour size, angioinvasion, gross extrathyroidal extension, higher AJCC pT stage, positive resection margin and nodal metastasis (P < 0.05). Compared with PTC‐TC, HGDTC was associated with a significantly decreased DSS, LRDFS and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS; P < 0.001). The 10‐year DSS was 72 and 99%, the 10‐year LRDFS was 61 and 92% and the 10‐year DMFS was 53 and 97%, respectively, for HGDTC‐TC and PTC‐TC. On multivariate analysis, the classification (HGDTC‐TC versus PTC‐TC) was an independent adverse prognostic factor for DSS, LRDF, and DMFS when adjusted for sex, age, angioinvasion, margin status, AJCC pT and pN stage.ConclusionsCompared with PTC‐TC, HGDTC‐TC is associated with adverse clinicopathological features, a higher frequency of TERT promoter mutations (59% in HGDTC‐TC versus 34% in PTC‐TC) and incurs a significantly worse prognosis. HGDTC‐TC is an independent prognostic factor for carcinoma with tall cell morphology. This validates the concept of HGDTC and the importance of tumour necrosis and high mitotic count for accurate diagnosis and prognosis of differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
The effect of primary closure versus secondary closure techniques on postoperative wound pain in patients undergoing mandibular surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Lina , Li Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research is intended to explore the influence of second and first degree closure methods on the degree of wound pain and swelling of the face following the removal of the mandible. For the purpose of this study, three data sets, including PubMed and Embase, were selected. A separate statistical analysis was conducted on the choice of the trial, the collection of data and the risk of bias. Differences between trials were analysed with a chi‐square approach, with data analyses dependent on I2. A sensitivity analysis was conducted, and a possible publication bias was evaluated. Ultimately, nine qualifying trials were chosen out of an original pool of 1922 related trials following an in‐depth evaluation under the eligibility and exclusion criteria, as well as a follow‐up screening. The results indicated that there was no statistically significant change in the degree of post‐operation pain after 1 day operation between one or secondary closures of treatment (MD, −0.46; 95% CI, −0.93, 0.01, p = 0.06); the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in post‐operation wound pain after 3 days in two group (MD, −0.15; 95% CI, −0.68, 0.37, p = 0.56); the results showed that there were no statistically different effects on the post‐operation wound pain after the 7th day in two groups (MD, −0.14; 95% CI, −0.31, 0.03, p = 0.1). The results showed that there were no statistically different effects on the post‐operation wound pain after the 1 day in two groups (MD, −0.26; 95% CI, −0.38, −0.13, p < 0.0001); on the 3rd day after surgery, the face was significantly smaller swelling in the secondary closure of closure compared with the first‐stage closure group (MD, −0.70; 95% CI, −1.40, −0.00, p = 0.05). While there is no obvious effect on post‐operation wound pain in patients with mandibular surgery, there is significant difference in post‐operation face swelling. The findings do not support a preference for any of these methods.
The use of ultrasonography in education for undergraduate nursing students: A literature review
Authors: Kubo Eri , Nagata Miu , Yoshinaga Naoki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe incorporation of ultrasonography into nursing practice is becoming more common, but how ultrasonography is used or applied in nursing student education is still unclear. This study aimed to review and synthesize relevant literature on the use of ultrasonography in education for undergraduate nursing students.MethodsAn electronic literature search was conducted in June 2022 (updated in June 2023) using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Ichushi‐Web databases. Two researchers independently screened/assessed the eligibility of the studies, synthesized extracted data using a narrative synthesis (due to anticipated heterogeneity across studies), and evaluated the methodological quality of quantitative studies using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument.ResultsThirteen peer‐reviewed articles were included in the review. All of the studies were conducted in high‐income countries, and the majority of them employed an uncontrolled single‐group design. Ultrasonography was used mainly for visualizing the vascular system to improve students' puncture skills, but it was also used with various other applications. The included studies were predominantly of moderate quality and heterogeneous, but all of them reported at least some benefits in nursing student education, such as enhancing knowledge and understanding of subcutaneous anatomical structures, and improving confidence in and/or skills of venipuncture and other visualization/assessment methods.ConclusionsThis review provides a broad perspective and highlights the potential use of ultrasonography in education for undergraduate nursing students. Further research is needed to develop standardized teaching methods/curriculum and competency assessments in order to ensure minimum competency standards for students and to improve clinical outcomes for patients.