bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in multiple myeloma: Association with reduced survival
Authors: Cetin Mustafa , Buyukberber Suleyman , Demir Muzaffer , Sari Ismail , Sari Ibrahim , Deniz Kemal , Eser Bulent , Altuntas Fevzi , Camcı Celalettin , Öztürk Ahmet , Turgut Burhan , Vural Özden , Unal Ali 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Several studies have shown a relation between angiogenesis and COX‐2 expression. Elevated expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), however, has not been reported in multiple myeloma (MM) in the literature. The aim of this study is to investigate COX‐2 expression in MM as well as its correlation with prognostic factors and estimated survival rates. Immunohistochemical staining of the paraffin‐embedded bone marrow biopsy tissues (n = 51) was performed using isoform‐specific COX‐2 polyclonal antisera (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). Results were correlated with recognized clinical parameters, which were retrospectively obtained from patients' files. There were 15, 19, and 17 bone marrow biopsy specimens with negative, weak–moderate, and strong COX‐2 immunostaining, respectively. According to univariate analysis, β2‐microglobulin, age, stage, COX‐2 expression, and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were significant prognostic factors for survival in patients with multiple myeloma. COX‐2 expression, age, and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (greater than 1× normal level) were significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. Kaplan–Meier overall survival estimate of those patients with negative or weak–moderate COX‐2 immunoreactivity in myeloma cells was significantly better than that of patients with strong COX‐2 immunoreactivity (log‐rank χ2 = 21,43, P < 0.001). COX‐2 overexpression was associated with reduced estimated survival. Poor prognostic factors such as LDH, age, and β2‐microglobulin were also correlated with COX‐2 expression. Potent, specific COX‐2 inhibitors showing evident antiangiogenic and antitumor effects on cancers could provide new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of MM. Am. J. Hematol. 80:169–173, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simple and economical conversion of organic compounds with H2O2 catalyzed by ruthenium (III) chloride
Authors: Tandon Praveen K. , Baboo Ramesh , Singh Alok K. , Gayatri  
Published: October 2005

AbstractSix aromatic aldehydes, two hydrocarbons, one cycloalcohol and one aromatic alcohol, viz. benzaldehyde, p‐chlorobenzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde, o‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxy, 3‐methoxybenzaldehyde, anthracene, phenanthrene, cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol dissolved in acetic acid, were oxidized in quantitative to moderate yields by 50% H2O2 in the presence of traces of RuCl3 (substrate:catalyst ratio 85 400 to 387 500:1). Conditions for highest yields, under most economical conditions, were obtained. Higher catalyst concentrations decreased the yield. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at aldehydic group only, and other groups remain unaffected. The extent of oxidation in phenanthrene depends on temperature or the relative amount of substrate or both. In this new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe and requires less time, oxocentered carboxylate species of ruthenium (III) probably catalyze the oxidation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human information behavior: Integrating diverse approaches and information use
Authors: Spink Amanda , Cole Charles 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor millennia humans have sought, organized, and used information as they learned and evolved patterns of human information behaviors to resolve their human problems and survive. However, despite the current focus on living in an “information age,” we have a limited evolutionary understanding of human information behavior. In this article the authors examine the current three interdisciplinary approaches to conceptualizing how humans have sought information including (a) the everyday life information seeking–sense‐making approach, (b) the information foraging approach, and (c) the problem–solution perspective on information seeking approach. In addition, due to the lack of clarity regarding the role of information use in information behavior, a fourth information approach is provided based on a theory of information use. The use theory proposed starts from an evolutionary psychology notion that humans are able to adapt to their environment and survive because of our modular cognitive architecture. Finally, the authors begin the process of conceptualizing these diverse approaches, and the various aspects or elements of these approaches, within an integrated model with consideration of information use. An initial integrated model of these different approaches with information use is proposed.
Epicyclic oscillation modes of a Newtonian, non‐slender torus
Authors: Šrámková E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAll normal modes of oscillations of slender tori have been expressed analytically in the classic work by Blaes (1985). We adopt his approach in order to calculate the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of a particular class of epicyclic modes for slightly non‐slender tori, and present results of our numerical simulation of torus epicyclic modes of oscillations, which will be compared with the analytical results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A possible mechanism for QPOs modulation in neutron star sources
Authors: Horák J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIt was pointed out by Paczyński (1987) that the X‐ray luminosity of accreting neutron stars is very sensitive to the physical properties of the accretion flow close to the innermost stable circular orbit. The X‐ray radiation is dominated by that emitted in the boundary layer, where accreted matter hits a star surface. The X‐ray luminosity of the boundary layer is proportional to the local accretion rate. In this note, we estimate a local accretion rate variations from the disk that undergoes non‐stationary axisymmetric perturbations. The perturbations are given by the poloidal‐velocity potential.We obtain a simple formula describing the modulation of the accretion rate for the particular case of global vertical disk oscillations that have been recently studied by Abramowicz et al. (2005). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
QPOs in microquasars and Sgr A.: measuring the black hole spin
Authors: Török G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn all four microquasars which show double peak kHz QPOs, the ratio of the two frequencies is 3:2. This strongly supports the suggestion that twin peak kHz QPOs are due to a resonance between some modes of accretion disk oscillations. Here, we stress that fits to observations of the hypothetical resonances between vertical and radial epicyclic frequencies (particularly of the parametric resonance) give an accurate estimate of the spin for the three microquasars with known mass. Measurement of double peak QPOs frequencies in the Galaxy centre seems also to be consistent with the 3:2 ratio established by previous observations in microquasars, however the SgrA* data are rather difficult for the same exact analysis. If confirmed, the 3:2 ratio of double peak QPOs in SgrA* would be of a fundamental importance for the black hole accretion theory and the precise measurement could help to solve the question of QPOs nature. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
TRIM/RBCC, a novel class of ‘single protein RING finger’ E3 ubiquitin ligases
Authors: Meroni Germana , Diez‐Roux Graciana 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe TRIM/RBCC proteins are defined by the presence of the tripartite motif composed of a RING domain, one or two B‐box motifs and a coiled‐coil region. These proteins are involved in a plethora of cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and viral response. Consistently, their alteration results in many diverse pathological conditions. The highly conserved modular structure of these proteins suggests that a common biochemical function may underlie their assorted cellular roles. Here, we review recent data indicating that some TRIM/RBCC proteins are implicated in ubiquitination and propose that this large protein family represents a novel class of ‘single protein RING finger’ ubiquitin E3 ligases. BioEssays 27:1147–1157, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Local proteolytic activity in tumor cell invasion and metastasis
Authors: Ludwig Thomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractProteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix (ECM) is a critical regulator of many physiological and pathological events. It affects fundamental processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Most proteases are produced as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic cleavage for activation. Proteolytic activity is additionally modified by endogenous inhibitors. Mechanisms that localize and concentrate protease activity in the pericellular microenvironment of cells are prerequisites for processes like angiogenesis, bone development, inflammation and tumor cell invasion. Methods that enable real‐time, high‐resolution imaging and precise quantification of local proteolytic activity in vitro and in vivo remain major challenges. These methods will play an important role in the understanding of basic principles e.g. in cancer cell invasion, the identification of new therapeutical targets and hence drug design. This review highlights mechanisms and functions of local proteolytic activity with special emphasis on tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and focuses on techniques for the investigation of this process. BioEssays 27:1181–1191, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KASH 'n Karry: The KASH domain family of cargo‐specific cytoskeletal adaptor proteins
Authors: Starr Daniel A. , Fischer Janice A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA diverse family of proteins has been discovered with a small C‐terminal KASH domain in common. KASH domain proteins are localized uniquely to the outer nuclear envelope, enabling their cytoplasmic extensions to tether the nucleus to actin filaments or microtubules. KASH domains are targeted to the outer nuclear envelope by SUN domains of inner nuclear envelope proteins. Several KASH protein genes were discovered as mutant alleles in model organisms with defects in developmentally regulated nuclear positioning. Recently, KASH‐less isoforms have been found that connect the cytoskeleton to organelles other than the nucleus. A widened view of these proteins is now emerging, where KASH proteins and their KASH‐less counterparts are cargo‐specific adaptors that not only link organelles to the cytoskeleton but also regulate developmentally specific organelle movements. BioEssays 27:1136–1146, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A twisted hand: bHLH protein phosphorylation and dimerization regulate limb development
Authors: Cai Juanliang , Jabs Ethylin Wang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSaethre‐Chotzen syndrome (SCS), a human autosomal dominant condition with limb defects and craniosynostosis, is caused by haploinsufficiency of TWIST1, a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor. Until recently, the molecular pathogenesis of the limb defects in SCS has not been well understood. Now, Firulli et al.1 show in mouse and chick that ectopic expression of a related bHLH protein, Hand2, results in phenocopies of the limb defects caused by Twist1 loss‐of‐function mutations. These two proteins interact in a dosage‐dependent antagonistic manner, and both can be regulated through phosphorylation at conserved helix I amino acid residues. These findings provide an important link between the misregulation of Twist1 dimerization and the limb phenotypes observed in SCS. BioEssays 27:1102–1106, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcription factors and DNA replication origin selection
Authors: Kohzaki Hidetsugu , Murakami Yota 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe chromosomes of eukaryotic cells possess many potential DNA replication origins, of which a subset is selected in response to the cellular environment, such as the developmental stage, to act as active replication start sites. The mechanism of origin selection is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize recent observations regarding replication origins and initiator proteins in various organisms. These studies suggest that the DNA‐binding specificities of the initiator proteins that bind to the replication origins and promote DNA replication are primarily responsible for origin selection. We particularly focus on the importance of transcription factors in the origin selection process. We propose that transcription factors are general regulators of the formation of functional complexes on the chromosome, including the replication initiation complex. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which transcription factors influence the selection of particular origins. BioEssays 27:1107–1106, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mathematical model of N‐linked glycosylation
Authors: Krambeck Frederick J. , Betenbaugh Michael J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMetabolic engineering of N‐linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis to produce novel glycoforms or glycoform distributions of a recombinant glycoprotein can potentially lead to an improved therapeutic performance of the glycoprotein product. A mathematical model for the initial stages of this process, up to the first galactosylation of an oligosaccharide, was previously developed by Umana and Bailey (1997) (UB1997). Building on this work, an extended model is developed to include further galactosylation, fucosylation, extension of antennae by N‐acetyllactosamine repeats, and sialylation. This allows many more structural features to be predicted. A number of simplifying assumptions are also relaxed to incorporate more variables for the control of glycoforms. The full model generates 7565 oligosaccharide structures in a network of 22,871 reactions. Methods for solving the model for the complete product distribution and adjusting the parameters to match experimental data are also developed. A basal set of kinetic parameters for the enzyme‐catalyzed reactions acting on free oligosaccharide substrates is obtained from the previous model and existing literature. Enzyme activities are adjusted to match experimental glycoform distributions for Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO). The model is then used to predict the effect of increasing expression of a target glycoprotein on the product glycoform distribution and evaluate appropriate metabolic engineering strategies to return the glycoform profile to its original distribution pattern. This model may find significant utility in the future to predict glycosylation patterns and direct glycoengineering projects to optimize glycoform distributions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corporate engagement in processes for planetary sustainability: understanding corporate capacity in the non‐renewable resource extractive sector, Australia
Authors: Harris Neil 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn recent years corporations have come under increasing pressure from governments, consumers, investors, competitors, business partners and communities to balance their pursuit of economic gain with environmental and social concerns. Non‐renewable resource extractive corporations in particular, due to their profile, visibility and activities, have come under mounting pressure to embed the concept of ecological sustainability into strategic decision‐making processes and operations. In this regard, there is a growing base of evidence that describes efforts, successes and failures in the sector to meet mounting societal expectations. However, to date there has been limited explanatory research into corporate capacity to engage in processes for ecological sustainability.This paper presents an emergent explanation of the internal factors mediating corporate engagement in ecological sustainability in non‐renewable resource extractive corporations in Australia. It identifies the five factors of leadership, resources, structures, culture and understanding and conceptualizes these internal factors as capacity for engagement. While all of the factors are seen as interdependent and essential, leadership is identified as the most critical. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Measuring TQEM returns from the application of quality frameworks
Authors: Curkovic Sime , Sroufe Robert , Landeros Robert 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study addresses one of the major perceived barriers to total quality environmental management (TQEM): cost measurement. Operations managers have difficulty assessing the impact of TQEM programs because of the lack of appropriate measures. In order for TQEM to be given serious consideration, a cost framework is required for evaluating TQEM by appropriately including all the environmental costs and savings for each investment option. At present, frameworks such as life‐cycle assessment (LCA) and environmental cost accounting (ECA) exist, but they have both been recognized as too difficult to implement at the plant level among operations managers. This study focuses on identifying and formulating a set of easy‐to‐use quantitative cost measures. The structure of these measures is taken from the operations management (OM) literature itself, and specifically the total quality management (TQM) and cost of quality (COQ) frameworks developed by Joseph Juran. However, an empirical examination of this remains untested. The findings of this study provide an important foundation for theory development and set the stage for further research in this burgeoning field of TQEM. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Access of the Substrate to the Active Site of Yeast Oxidosqualene Cyclase: An Inhibition and Site‐Directed Mutagenesis Approach
Authors: Oliaro‐Bosso Simonetta , Schulz‐Gasch Tanja , Balliano Gianni , Viola Franca 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA structural model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae oxidosqualene cyclase (SceOSC) suggests that some residues of the conserved sequence Pro‐Ala‐Glu‐Val‐Phe‐Gly (residues 524–529) belong to a channel constriction that gives access to the active‐site cavity. Starting from the SceOSC C457D mutant, which lacks the cysteine residue next to the catalytic Asp456 residue Cys457 has been replaced but Asp456 is still there, we prepared two further mutants where the wild‐type residues Ala525 and Glu526 were individually replaced by cysteine. These mutants, especially E526C, were very sensitive to the thiol‐reacting agent dodecyl‐maleimide. Moreover, both the specific activity and the thermal stability of E526C were severely reduced. A similar decrease of the enzyme functionality was obtained by replacing Glu526 with alanine, while substitution with the conservative residues aspartate or glutamine did not alter catalytic activity. Molecular modeling of the yeast wild‐type OSC and mutants on the template structure of human OSC confirms that the channel constriction is an important aspect of the protein structure and suggests a critical structural role for Glu526.
An integrated approach to the characterization of cell movement
Authors: Costa Luciano da Fontoura , Cintra Leandro Carrijo , Schubert David 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundMost phenomena in developmental biology involve or depend upon cell migration. This article describes a comprehensive framework for the characterization and analysis of trajectories defined by cell movement. The following two perspectives are considered: (a) the behavior of each individual cell and (b) interactions between neighboring pairs of cells.MethodsThe measurements considered for individual trajectories include the velocity magnitude and orientation, maximum spatial dispersion, displacement effectiveness, and displacement entropies. Interactions between two trajectories are characterized by comparing the respective velocities.ResultsThe potential of the overall framework is illustrated using data of moving cells in different biological environments. The work shows that it is possible to use the new algorithm presented here to characterize cell motility.ConclusionsThe features of the algorithm were successful in determining the motility changes under different experimental conditions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FCS cell surface measurements—Photophysical limitations and consequences on molecular ensembles with heterogenic mobilities
Authors: Widengren Jerker , Thyberg Per 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackgroundFluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy is a powerful method to analyze densities and diffusive behavior of molecules in membranes, but effects of photodegradation can easily be overlooked.MethodBased on experimental photophysical parameters, calculations were performed to analyze the consequences of photobleaching in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) cell surface experiments, covering a range of standard measurement conditions.ResultsCumulative effects of photobleaching can be prominent, although an absolute majority of the fluorescent molecules would pass the laser excitation beam without being photobleached. Given a distribution of molecules on a cell surface with different diffusive properties, the fraction of molecules that is actually analyzed depends strongly on the excitation intensities and measurement times, as well as on the size of the reservoir of freely diffusing molecules. Both the slower and the faster diffusing molecules can be disfavored.ConclusionsApart from quantifying photobleaching effects, the calculations suggest that the effects can be used to extract additional information, for instance about the size of the reservoirs of free diffusion. By certain choices of measurement conditions, it may be possible to more specifically analyze certain species within a population, based on their different diffusive properties, different areas of free diffusion, or different kinetics of possible transient binding. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.