bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and measurement of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in erythrocytes of dogs
Authors: Nishita Toshiho , Kondo Hidenori , Ishida Sayaka , Ochiai Hideharu , Asari Masao 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To purify canine carbonic anhydrase (CA)
isoenzymes CA-I and CA-II and to determine concentrations
of CA-I and CA-II in erythrocytes of Beagles
and dogs native to Japan.

Sample Population—Blood samples from 116
Beagles, including 24 pregnant Beagles, and blood
samples from 29 dogs native to Japan.

Procedure—Canine CA-I and CA-II were purified by
use of column chromatography. Concentrations of
CA-I and CA-II in erythrocytes of dogs were determined,
using an ELISA.

Results—Mean (± SD) concentrations of CA-I and CA-II
in erythrocytes of Beagles were 3.21 ± 0.86 and
1.63 ± 0.39 mg/g of Hb, respectively. Mean concentration
of CA-I was greater in male Beagles than female
Beagles. In contrast, mean concentration of CA-II was
greater in female Beagles than male Beagles.
Furthermore, concentration of CA-II was greater in
pregnant female Beagles than male or nonpregnant
female Beagles. Mean concentrations of CA-I and CAII
in erythrocytes of dogs native to Japan were
11.03 ± 4.39 and 3.29 ± 0.91 mg/g of Hb, respectively.
Mean concentration of CA-I was greater in male dogs
from Japan than female dogs from Japan.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The ELISA
used in this study proved to be precise and sensitive
for determining CA-I and CA-II concentrations in dogs.
The ELISA may enable study of changes in isoenzymes
associated with hereditary or metabolic disorders
of blood or other body fluids, using only a small
sample. Measurement of the concentrations of CA
isoenzymes in dogs may be of diagnostic value.
(Am J Vet Res 2000;61:387–392)
Basic three-dimensional kinematics of the vertebral column of horses walking on a treadmill
Authors: Faber Marjan , Schamhardt† Henk , Weeren René van , Johnston Christopher , Roepstorff Lars , Barneveld Ab 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine kinematic movements of the vertebral column of horses during normal locomotion.Animals—5 Dutch Warmblood horses without apparent lameness or problems associated with the vertebral column.Procedure—Kinematics of 8 vertebrae (T6, T10, T13, T17, L1, L3, L5, and S3) and both tuber coxae were determined, using bone-fixated markers. Horses were recorded while walking on a treadmill at a constant speed of 1.6 m/s.Results—Flexion-extension was characterized by 2 periods of extension and flexion during 1 stride cycle, whereas lateral bending and axial rotation were characterized by 1 peak and 1 trough. The range of motion for flexion-extension was fairly constant for vertebrae caudal to T10 (approximately 7°). For lateral bending, the cranial thoracic vertebrae and segments in the pelvic region had the maximal amount of motion, with values of up to 5.6°. For vertebrae between T17 and L5, the amount of lateral bending decreased to < 4°. The amount of axial rotation increased gradually from 4° for T6 to 13° for the tuber coxae.Conclusions—This direct measurement method provides 3-dimensional kinematic data for flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation of the thoracolumbar portion of the vertebral column of horses walking on a treadmill. Regional differences were observed in the magnitude and pattern of the rotations. Understanding of the normal kinematics of the vertebral column in healthy horses is a prerequisite for a better understanding of abnormal function. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:399–406)
Continuous infusion of gentamicin into the tarsocrural joint of horses
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Adams Stephen B. , Wu Ching Ching , Bill Robert P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a method for continuous infusion of gentamicin into the tarsocrural joint of horses, to determine pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in synovial fluid of the tarsocrural joint during continuous infusion, and to evaluate effects of continuous infusion of gentamicin on characteristics of the synovial fluid.Animals—12 healthy adult horses.Procedure—An infusion catheter consisting of flow control tubing connected to a balloon infuser was used. Gentamicin solution (100 mg/ml) was infused in the right tarsocrural joint and balanced electrolyte solution was infused in the left tarsocrural joint for 5 days. Synovial fluid and serum gentamicin concentrations were measured by use of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results—17 of the 24 (71%) infusion catheters initially placed functioned without complications for the entire 5-day infusion period. Median gentamicin concentration in synovial fluid from treated joints during the 5-day infusion period ranged from 287.5 to 982 μg/ml. Median serum gentamicin concentration during this period ranged from 2.31 to 2.59 μg/ml. Mean (± SD) elimination half-life and total clearance of gentamicin from the synovial fluid were 6.25 ± 1.01 hours and 1.52 ± 0.96 ml/min, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An infusion catheter can be used for continuous infusion of gentamicin into the tarsocrural joints of horses for up to 5 days. At a gentamicin dosage of 0.17 ± 0.02 mg/kg/h, continuous intra-articular infusion results in synovial fluid gentamicin concentrations greater than 100 times the minimal inhibitory concentration reported for common equine pathogens. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:407–412)
Electrodiagnostic evaluation of peripheral nerve function in rheas and barred owls
Authors: Clippinger Tracy L. , Platt Simon R. , Bennett R. Avery , Chrisman Cheryl L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To establish reference values for electrodiagnostic evaluation of peripheral nerve function in birds.Animals—6 rheas and 6 barred owls.Procedure—Birds were anesthetized with propofol or isoflurane in oxygen. Using a computer-based electromyograph system and needle electrodes for stimulation and recording, electromyography (EMG) was performed on the pectoral, biceps brachialis, and gastrocnemius muscles, and evoked EMG was performed on the tibial and ulnar nerves. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was calculated. Repetitive stimulation was performed on these 2 nerves. Late F waves were recorded for each nerve, when possible.Results—Activity was evident during insertion of the electrodes, but muscles tested were electrically quiescent after spontaneous EMG. Motor nerve conduction velocity was faster in the tibial nerve than ulnar nerve but did not differ significantly between species. Mean ± SEM MNCV was 132.3 ±± 7.8 m/s for the tibial nerve and 59.7 ± 7.8 m/s for the ulnar nerve. A significant difference was not observed in responses at the fourth or ninth stimulation during repetitive stimulation. Subsequent to the initial stimulation, amplitudes were ± 22.7% of the initial motor potential amplitude. Recorded F waves were inconsistent, which may have been associated with technique.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reference range (mean ± 2 SEM) for MNCV was 34.1 to 75.3 m/s for the ulnar nerve and 116.7 to 147.9 m/s for the tibial nerve in barred owls and rheas. After repetitive stimulation, motor potential amplitudes may be ± 22.7% of the initial amplitude response. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:469–472)
Effect of three loading doses of warfarin on the international normalized ratio for dogs
Authors: Monnet Eric , Morgan Michelle R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate effect of 3 loading doses of
warfarin sodium on the international normalized ratio
(INR) for dogs.

Animals—18 dogs weighing between 25 and 30 kg.

Procedure—Dogs were randomly allocated into 3
groups and received 2, 4, or 6 mg of warfarin administered
orally once a day for 2 days after surgery for
bilateral iliac artery grafting. Activated partial thromboplastin
(APTT) and prothrombin times (PT) were measured
before and after treatment. Prothrombin time
also was reported as an international normalized ratio.

Results—The APTT were not significantly different
among groups before or after treatment. The INR and
PT were significantly increased in all groups after treatment.
The INR and PT of the 6-mg group were significantly
greater than those of the 2-mg and 4-mg groups.
None of the dogs had clinical evidence of bleeding.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A warfarin loading
dose of 6 mg/d can be safely administered for 2
days to dogs weighing between 25 and 30 kg.
Anticoagulation can be achieved safely in dogs in 2 days
by use of warfarin. The effects of warfarin can be monitored
with the INR. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:48–50)
Effect of dietary protein quality and fatty acid composition on plasma lipoprotein concentrations and hepatic triglyceride fatty acid synthesis in obese cats undergoing rapid weight loss
Authors: Ibrahim Wissam H. , Szabo Joseph , Sunvold Gregory D. , Kelleher Joanne K. , Bruckner Geza G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of dietary lipid and protein on plasma lipoprotein and free fatty acid concentrations and hepatic fatty acid synthesis during weight gain and rapid weight loss in cats.Animals—24 ovariohysterectomized cats.Procedure—Cats were fed a high energy diet until they gained 30% of their ideal body weight and then randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 weight reduction diets (6 cats/diet) at 25% of maintenance energy requirements. Diets contained a low or high quality protein source and a lipid source deficient or sufficient in long chain essential fatty acids. Plasma samples and liver biopsy specimens were obtained before and after weight gain and during and after weight loss for determination of free fatty acid, triglyceride, and lipoprotein concentrations. Synthesis of these substances was measured by use of isotope enrichment.Results—Plasma total cholesterol concentration and concentration of lipoprotein fractions increased after weight gain, compared with baseline values. Weight loss resulted in a significant decrease in concentrations of all lipoprotein fractions except high density lipoprotein. High density lipoprotein concentration was significantly greater in cats fed diets containing an oil blend, compared with cats fed diets containing corn oil. Fatty acid synthesis after weight loss was below the detection limit of the measurement technique.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cats undergoing rapid weight loss there is neither increased triglyceride synthesis nor decreased transport of very low density lipoproteins from the liver, suggesting that their involvement in the development of hepatic lipidosis may be minimal. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:566–572)
Quantitative urinalysis in healthy Beagle puppies from 9 to 27 weeks of age
Authors: Lane India F. , Shaw Darcy H. , Burton Shelley A. , Donald Alan W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To evaluate indices of renal function in healthy, growing Beagle puppies from 9 to 27 weeks of age and to determine whether indices change with age during this period.Animals—6 healthy Beagle puppies.Procedure—Urine collections were performed at 2-week intervals in puppies 9 to 27 weeks old. Daily excretion of urinary creatinine, protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, and calcium were determined, as were quantitative urinalyses including endogenous creatinine clearance, urine protein-tocreatinine ratios (UPr/C), and fractional clearances of sodium (FNa), potassium (FK), chloride (FCl), calcium (FCa), and phosphorus (FP).Results—Significant differences among age groups were detected for endogenous creatinine clearance, and daily urinary protein, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus excretion. Significant differences also existed among age groups for UPr/C, FNa, FK, FCl and FP. Age-related effects fit a linear regression model for FNa, UPr/C, daily phosphorus excretion, and daily protein excretion. Quadratic regression models were judged most appropriate for endogenous creatinine clearance, FK, daily chloride excretion, and daily potassium excretion. Endogenous creatinine clearance measurements higher than adult reference ranges were observed from 9 to 21 weeks of age. The FNa, FK, FCl, FCa, and FP were slightly higher than those reported for adult dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Selected results of quantitative urinalyses in healthy 9- to 27-week-old Beagle puppies differ with age and differ from those measured in adult dogs. Diagnostic measurements performed in puppies of this age range should be compared with age-matched results when possible. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:577–581)
Kinetic behavior of three preparations of α-tocopherol after oral administration to postpubertal heifers
Authors: Bontempo Valentino , Baldi Antonella , Cheli Federica , Fantuz Francesco , Politis Ioannis , Carli Silvano , Dell'Orto Vittorio 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the kinetic behavior of 3 preparations of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) after oral administration to heifers.Animals—8 postpubertal Friesian heifers.Procedure—A single oral bolus of 5,000 U of α-tocopherol in oil or encapsulated in liposomes or cyclodextrin was administered to each cow, using a 4 X 4 design with 8 days between treatments. Blood samples for kinetic analyses were obtained at various times for 168 hours after treatment.Results—Mean (± SEM) maximal plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol were 4.86 ± 0.49 µg/ml, 5.03 ± 0.39 µg/ml, and 5.08 ± 0.56 µg/ml after administration of oil, liposomal, and cyclodextrin preparations, respectively. Plasma concentrations peaked 21 to 34 hours after administration. The disappearance rate constant (Kd) was less after administration of α-tocopherol encapsulated in liposomes, compared with the other 2 preparations. Area under the concentration versus time curve was greater after administration of either encapsulated form of α-tocopherol, compared with α-tocopherol in oil, but these differences were not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The lower Kddetermined for α-tocopherol encapsulated in liposomes suggests that this formulation may result in longer persistance of the vitamin in plasma than the other 2 preparations. Dietary supplementation with α-tocopherol encapsulated in liposomes may enhance plasma availability of this vitamin in cattle and could be useful during periods of increased vitamin E requirements, such as parturition and early stages of life. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:589–593)
Determination of serum insulin concentration during intravenous glucose tolerance testing of healthy bulls
Authors: Anderson David E. , Monke Donald R. , Silveira Fernando , Ayars William , Rings D. Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the insulin response curve during IV glucose tolerance testing of mature Holstein bulls.Animals—8 Holstein bulls between 5 and 8 years old and weighing between 911.5 and 1035.5 kg.Procedure—A 50% glucose solution was rapidly administered IV so that each bull received a mean dose of 258 mg of glucose/kg of body weight. Serum glucose and insulin concentrations were determined before and 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after glucose infusion.Results—Serum glucose concentrations 30 and 60 minutes after infusion were significantly greater than baseline concentration. Concentrations returned to baseline values 120 minutes after infusion. Serum insulin concentration was significantly greater 30 minutes after glucose administration, compared with baseline and 240-minute concentrations.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intravenous glucose tolerance testing of mature Holstein bulls resulted in a characteristic insulin response curve. Baseline and peak insulin concentrations were higher in these bulls, compared with values reported for mature Norwegian Red cows. (Am J Vet Res2000; 61:61–63)
Effects of treatment with growth hormone and somatostatin on efficacy of diammine [1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylato (2-)-0,0']-(SP-4-2) in athymic rats with osteosarcoma
Authors: Conzemius Michael G. , Graham Joanne C. , Haynes Joseph S. , Graham Christine A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of exogenous growth hormone or somatostatin on chemotherapeutic efficacy in athymic (nude) rats with osteosarcoma. Animals—66 female athymic rats.Procedure—Osteosarcoma was induced at an intratibial site. Rats were randomly allotted to 6 treatment groups. Rats were treated with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution alone, platinum, diammine [1,1-cyclobutane dicaboxylato (2-)-0,0']-(SP-4-2) (CBDCA; ie, carboplatin) plus saline solution, somatostatin alone, somatostatin plus CBDCA, growth hormone alone, or growth hormone plus CBDCA. Variables measured included estimated WBC count and percentage of neutrophils, plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), body weight, tumor volume, weight of primary tumor, survival time, and distant metastasis at time of death.Results—Tumors formed at the injection sites in all rats. Treatment with growth hormone increased, and treatment with somatostatin decreased, plasma IGF-I concentration. Treatment with growth hormone or somatostatin altered CBDCA efficacy, as determined by evaluation of mean and median survival times. Metastatic pulmonary disease developed in 63 of 64 rats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The technique used here reliably induced local osteosarcomas and metastatic pulmonary disease. Treatment with growth hormone and CBDCA or somatostatin may improve chemotherapeutic efficacy without increasing toxic effects.Implications for Human Medicine—Results reported here may be useful in the study of osteosarcoma in humans. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:646–650)
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on incorporation of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in a nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defect in cats
Authors: Kerwin Sharon C. , Lewis Daniel D. , Elkins A. Derrell , Oliver Julian L. , Hosgood Giselle , Pechman Robert D. , Dial Sharon L. , Strain George M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) would affect incorporation of an autogenous cancellous bone graft in diaphyseal ulnar defects in cats.Animals—12 mature cats.Procedure—Bilateral nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defects were created in each cat. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was implanted in 1 ulnar defect in each cat, with the contralateral ulnar defect serving as a nongrafted specimen. Six cats were treated by use of hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atmospheres absolute for 90 minutes once daily for 14 days, and 6 cats were not treated (control group). Bone labeling was performed, using fluorochrome markers. Cats were euthanatized 5 weeks after implanting, and barium sulfate was infused to evaluate vascularization of grafts. Ulnas were evaluated by use of radiography, microangiography, histologic examination, and histomorphometric examination.Results—Radiographic scores did not differ between treatment groups. Microangiographic appearance of grafted defects was similar between groups, with all having adequate vascularization. Differences were not observed between treated and nontreated groups in the overall histologic appearance of decalcified samples of tissue in grafted defects. Mean distance between fluorescent labels was significantly greater in cats given HBOT than in nontreated cats. Median percentage of bone formation in grafted defects was significantly greater in cats given HBOT.Conclusions—Hyperbaric oxygen treatment increased the distance between fluorescent labels and percentage of bone formation when incorporating autogenous cancellous bone grafts in induced nonunion diaphyseal ulnar defects in cats, but HBOT did not affect revascularization, radiographic appearance, or qualitative histologic appearance of the grafts. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:691–698)
Evaluation of the measurement of leukotriene B4 concentrations in exhaled condensate as a noninvasive method for assessing mediators of inflammation in the lungs of calves
Authors: Reinhold Petra , Becher Gunther , Rothe Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether measurement of an inflammatory mediator in exhaled condensate could provide a noninvasive method for evaluating lungs of calves.Animals—84 calves ≤ 2 months old.Procedure—Concentration of leukotriene B4(LTB4) was evaluated in the exhaled condensate of healthy calves and calves with experimentally induced respiratory tract infections. For collection of samples of exhaled condensate, the total amount of exhaled air was directed into a cooled double-jacketed tube. Each tube was sealed and stored at –80 C. The LTB4concentration was measured, using an ELISA.Results—In exhaled condensates of clinically healthy calves, normally distributed and highly reproducible LTB4concentrations (mean ± SD, 116.1 ± 55.4 pg/ml) were measured. After experimentally induced infection withPasteurella multocidaserovarD, LTB4in exhaled condensate increased significantly (mean, 179% increase), compared with basal concentrations before infection; this increase in LTB4was significantly correlated with deterioration in lung function. In 2 of 4 calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, the LTB4concentration in exhaled condensate increased (300 to 400% increase), compared with baseline values, which was associated with development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness after infection.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Collection of exhaled condensate is tolerated well by calves and is an acceptable method for obtaining fluid from exhaled air originating from the lungs. This method provides alternatives for diagnosing and evaluating treatment of naturally acquired and experimentally induced diseases of the lungs and airways in calves. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:742–749)
Reference values for activated coagulation time in cats
Authors: Bay Jeff D. , Scott Michael A. , Hans Jerry E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To establish reference values for activated coagulation time (ACT) in cats by use of jugular venipuncture and direct collection of blood into ACT vacuum tubes.Animals—100 clinically normal cats that were to have elective surgery performed at a private practice.Procedure—Collection of 3 blood samples for ACT measurement was attempted for each cat at the time of elective surgery: sample 1, obtained before sedation; sample 2, tube 1 of 2 consecutive samples obtained from a single venipuncture of the contralateral jugular vein after sedation with acepromazine and ketamine hydrochloride; and sample 3, tube 2 collected immediately following collection of sample 2 without removing the needle from the vein. Venipuncture quality was rated subjectively on a 3- point scale.Results—Median ACT were 95 seconds for each sample group. The middle 95% of values ranged inclusively from 55 to 185 seconds (sample 1), 65 to 135 seconds (sample 2), 45 to 145 seconds (sample 3), and 55 to 165 seconds overall (samples 1, 2, and 3). Significant differences in ACT values were not detected between sample groups. Significant relationships between ACT and venipuncture quality or sex of cat were not detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—With the ACT protocols used, clinically normal cats had ACT of < 165 seconds. The ACT in cats does not appear to be significantly affected by sex, sedation with acepromazine and ketamine, or by moderately traumatic venipunctures. These results refute widespread statements that ACT should be < 65 seconds in healthy cats. Cats with ACT repeatedly > 165 seconds should be further evaluated for hemostatic disorders. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:750–753)