bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Temporal Reasoning for Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Kazemi Milad , Lally Jessica , Paoletti Nicola 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present PCFTL (Probabilistic CounterFactual Temporal Logic), a new probabilistic temporal logic for the verification of Markov Decision Processes (MDP). PCFTL introduces operators for causal inference, allowing us to express interventional and counterfactual queries. Given a path formula φ, an interventional property is concerned with the satisfaction probability of φ if we apply a particular change I to the MDP (e.g., switching to a different policy); a counterfactual formula allows us to compute, given an observed MDP path τ, what the outcome of φ would have been had we applied I in the past and under the same random factors that led to observing τ. Our approach represents a departure from existing probabilistic temporal logics that do not support such counterfactual reasoning. From a syntactic viewpoint, we introduce a counterfactual operator that subsumes both interventional and counterfactual probabilities as well as the traditional probabilistic operator. This makes our logic strictly more expressive than PCTL⋆. The semantics of PCFTL rely on a structural causal model translation of the MDP, which provides a representation amenable to counterfactual inference. We evaluate PCFTL in the context of safe reinforcement learning using a benchmark of grid-world models.
Case studies of AI policy development in Africa
Authors: Diallo Kadijatou , Smith Jonathan , Okolo Chinasa T. , Nyamwaya Dorcas , Kgomo Jonas , Ngamita Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) requires new ways of evaluating national technology use and strategy for African nations. We conduct a survey of existing “readiness” assessments both for general digital adoption and AI policy in particular. We conclude that existing global readiness assessments do not fully capture African states’ progress in AI readiness and lay the groundwork for how assessments can be better used for the African context. We consider the extent to which these indicators map to the African context and what these indicators miss in capturing African states’ on-the-ground work in meeting AI capability. Through case studies of four African nations of diverse geographic and economic dimensions, we identify nuances missed by global assessments and offer high-level policy considerations for how states can best improve their AI readiness standards and prepare their societies to capture the benefits of AI.
Modern Art, National Culture, and Hispanophilia in Revista de Avance
Authors: Cepero Iliana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores how the editors and contributors of Revista de Avance formulated an idiosyncratic version of visual modern art and how that discernment shaped their idea of a nationalist and regional culture. Their artistic disquisitions were influenced by complicated political agendas and funding. After the collapse of the Cuban economy in the early 1920s, the magazine’s editors, who held socialist and anti-American imperialist beliefs, looked to Spain as a cultural model. In its pages, the magazine privileged Spanish civilization and conflated it with both European modernist culture and Cuban art and literature. At the same time, Revista de Avance voiced the ideas of the Institución Hispano-Cubana de Cultura, led by Fernando Ortiz.
The world in a court: how the International Court of Justice’s organizational practices promote stability in a contested field
Authors: Grisel Florian , Shirlow Esmé 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), often referred to as the “World Court,” plays a central role in the field of international law. Despite the significance of this court, socio-legal scholarship has not examined the ICJ’s inner workings due to limited access. Drawing from field theory and organizational theory, this study addresses this gap by using various data sources including interviews, organizational documents, and publicly available texts from insiders. Based on this data, this article explores how the ICJ’s institutional context shapes its organization and the experiences of its actors. We argue that the ICJ provides a space that tightly connects institutional myths, organizational practices, and individual action. This tight coupling effectively mediates and manages differences among ICJ actors, fostering a stable practice of international law within a field otherwise marked by conflict. This enables the ICJ to produce and sustain a specific way of doing international law which has stabilizing effects in this field. By linking the macro level of the field – an area emphasized in prior scholarship – with a microlevel organizational perspective, this article offers a nuanced understanding of the conflicts and organizational practices influencing the ICJ’s operations and development of international law.
Constitutionally mobilizing against climate change: the case of the environmental movement at the Chilean Constitutional Convention
Authors: Lopez Moreno Rodolfo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As Chile embarked on a constitutional replacement process during its worst-ever drought, local environmental activists secured significant representation at the Constitutional Convention responsible for drafting a new constitution, and successfully integrated provisions on climate change and water protection. However, despite the popularity of these measures, the citizenry rejected the proposal. This article, using legal mobilization and constitutional reform studies, examines the dynamics of constitutional mobilization against climate change, presenting two major findings. First, the feasibility of constitutional mobilization hinges on the ability of activists to navigate the politics of constitutional change, as their tactical choices are crucial for enhancing the process’s legitimacy. Second, including environmental measures in a constitutional replacement process tie them to less popular provisions, potentially jeopardizing the entire process, delaying state action on climate change, and weakening activists’ standing. The data supporting these findings come from interviews with Constitutional Convention delegates, archival research, and participant observation. In a context where climate change is intensifying, this article underscores the unintended consequences and challenges of pursuing environmental goals through constitutional reforms.
NON-LOG LIFTABLE LOG DEL PEZZO SURFACES OF RANK ONE IN CHARACTERISTIC FIVE
Authors: NAGAOKA MASARU 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building upon the classification by Lacini, we determine the isomorphism classes of log del Pezzo surfaces of rank one over an algebraically closed field of characteristic five either which are not log liftable over the ring of Witt vectors or whose singularities are not feasible in characteristic zero. We also show that such a surface is always constructed from the Du Val del Pezzo surface of Dynkin type

$2[2^4]$

. Furthermore, We show that the Kawamata–Viehweg vanishing theorem for ample

$\mathbb {Z}$

-Weil divisors holds for log del Pezzo surfaces of rank one in characteristic five if those singularities are feasible in characteristic zero.
Centrality and social domains: The role of support, conflict, and ambivalence in the perception of linguistic similarity
Authors: Fernandez Guillaume P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between alter centrality in various social domains and the perception of linguistic similarity within personal networks. Linguistic similarity perception is defined as the extent to which individuals perceive others to speak similarly to themselves. A survey of 126 college students and their social connections (n = 1035) from the French-speaking region of Switzerland was conducted. We applied logistic multilevel regressions to account for the hierarchical structure of dyadic ties. The results show that alters holding central positions in supportive networks are positively associated with perceived linguistic similarity, while those who are central in conflict networks show a negative association. The role of ambivalence yielded mixed results, with a positive and significant association emerging when ambivalence was linked to family members.
CLIMATE CHANGE PROFESSIONALS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE COMPETENCIES FOR ONE HEALTH GRADUATES
Authors: McMullen Carrie K.M. , Clow Katie M. , Aenishaenslin Cécile , Lackeyram Dale , Gandhi Radhika K. , Parmley E. Jane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is a pressing need for novel approaches to help address climate change and for a workforce that is equipped with a combination of new and different types of knowledges. The One Health (OH) core competencies perhaps offer the new knowledges, skills, and attitudes that will be needed in a future generation of practitioners that does not shy away from complexity. The objective of this research was to identify overlapping and transferable OH-climate change competencies that are needed of professionals working to address climate change. Using focus groups and qualitative content analysis, 23 professionals from across Canada whose employment positions had a key focus on climate change were brought together across five sessions. Participants agreed that the OH competencies were applicable to their employment roles and responsibilities, but they identified four key missing areas that are important for graduates: evaluative and reflective practice, personal resilience, turning knowledge into action, and having an openness to other knowledges (particularly Indigenous and non-Western viewpoints). This work also provided a first iteration of a process that should be continually used to bridge the gap between theory and practice, as employer needs are a key consideration during the development of educational programs.
Long-term spin-down and low luminosity regime in the Be/X-ray binary pulsar GX 304-1
Authors: Chandra Amar Deo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We carry out timing and spectral studies of the Be/X-ray binary pulsar GX 304-1 using NuStar and XMM-Newton observations. We construct the long-term spin period evolution of the pulsar which changes from a long-term spin-up (∼ 1.3 × 10−13 Hz s−1) to a long-term spin-down (∼ −3.4 × 10−14 Hz s−1) trend during a low luminosity state (∼ 1034–35 erg s−1). A prolonged low luminosity regime (L
X
∼ 1034–35 erg s−1) was detected during 2005-2010 and spanning nearly five years since 2018 December. The XMM-Newton and NuStar spectra can be described with a power law plus blackbody model having an estimated luminosity of ∼ 2.5 × 1033 erg s−1 and ∼ 3.6 × 1033 erg s−1 respectively. The inferred radius of the blackbody emission is about 100-110 m which suggests a polar-cap origin of this component. From long-term ultraviolet observations of the companion star, an increase in the ultraviolet signatures is detected preceding the X-ray outbursts. The spectral energy distribution of the companion star is constructed which provides a clue of possible UV excess when X-ray outbursts were detected from the neutron star compared to the quiescent phase. We explore plausible mechanisms to explain the long-term spin-down and extended low luminosity manifestation in this pulsar. We find that sustained accretion from a cold disc may explain the prolonged low luminosity state of the pulsar since December 2018 but the pulsar was undergoing normal accretion during the low luminosity period spanning 2005-2010.
WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI source-finding with a machine learning framework
Authors: Wang Li , Wong O. Ivy , Westmeier Tobias , Murugeshan Chandrashekar , Lee-Waddell Karen , Cai Yuanzhi , Liu Xiu , Shen Austin Xiaofan , Rhee Jonghwan , Dénes Helga , Deg Nathan , Kamphuis Peter , Catinella Barbara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The data volumes generated by theWALLABY atomic Hydrogen (HI) survey using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) necessitate greater automation and reliable automation in the task of source-finding and cataloguing. To this end, we introduce and explore a novel deep learning framework for detecting low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) HI sources in an automated fashion. Specifically, our proposed method provides an automated process for separating true HI detections from false positives when used in combination with the Source Finding Application (SoFiA) output candidate catalogues. Leveraging the spatial and depth capabilities of 3D ConvolutionalNeuralNetworks (CNNs), our method is specifically designed to recognize patterns and features in three-dimensional space, making it uniquely suited for rejecting false positive sources in low SNR scenarios generated by conventional linear methods. As a result, our approach is significantly more accurate in source detection and results in considerably fewer false detections compared to previous linear statistics-based source finding algorithms. Performance tests using mock galaxies injected into real ASKAP data cubes reveal our method’s capability to achieve near-100% completeness and reliability at a relatively low integrated SNR ∼ 3 – 5. An at-scale version of this tool will greatly maximise the science output from the upcoming widefield HI surveys.
Preliminary paleoenvironmental analysis and luminescence dating of upper Middle Pleistocene permafrost deposits of the Ulakhan Sular Formation, Adycha River, east Siberia
Authors: Murton Julian B. , Opel Thomas , Toms Phillip , Wood Jamie , Boxleitner Kseniia , Savvinov Grigoriy , Danilov Petr , Boeskorov Vasily , Goslar Tomasz , Rogers Gareth , Lupachev Aleksei , Tikhonravova Yana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ulakhan Sular provides one of the largest natural stratigraphic sections through ancient permafrost deposits in the Batagay–Betenkes region of the Yana Uplands of western Beringia, but their depositional environment, age, and paleoenvironmental significance are uncertain. To address these uncertainties, we report the results of reconnaissance observations of the stratigraphy, sedimentology, paleosols and soil-like bodies, plant and insect macrofossils, and geochronology of the permafrost deposits at the stratotype section of the Ulakhan Sular Formation. Sedimentologically, this formation is dominated by well-sorted, fine to very fine sand that contains fluvial, aeolian, and permafrost sedimentary structures consistent with deposition near the paleo-Adycha River. The fluvio-aeolian deposits have similarities and differences to periglacial fluvio-aeolian and aeolian deposits in modern arctic regions of Canada and Greenland, and Pleistocene deposits in Alaska, China, and northwest Europe. The remarkable thickness of aeolian deposits (~50 m) at Ulakhan Sular is attributed to abundant local sand sources, ample accommodation space, and intensive aeolian transport and deposition. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz sand and post-infrared–infrared dating of K-feldspar sand suggests deposition of the Ulakhan Sular Formation during late Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 or MIS 5. The aeolian sand-sheet deposits are correlated with other cold-climate aeolian sand and silt (loess) deposits in Beringia and southern Siberia, indicating a regional episode of aeolian sand transport and deposition at a similar time to glaciation by the Eastern Siberian Ice Sheet.
AN UPPER BOUND ON THE LENGTH OF AN ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE GROUP ALGEBRA OF THE DIHEDRAL GROUP
Authors: KHRYSTIK M. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Let

${\mathcal {A}}$

be a unital

${\mathbb {F}}$

-algebra and let

${\mathcal {S}}$

be a generating set of

${\mathcal {A}}$

. The length of

${\mathcal {S}}$

is the smallest number k such that

${\mathcal {A}}$

equals the

${\mathbb {F}}$

-linear span of all products of length at most k of elements from

${\mathcal {S}}$

. The length of

${\mathcal {A}}$

, denoted by

$l({\mathcal {A}})$

, is defined to be the maximal length of its generating sets. We show that

$l({\mathcal {A}})$

does not exceed the maximum of

$\dim {\mathcal {A}} / 2$

and

$m({\mathcal {A}})-1$

, where

$m({\mathcal {A}})$

is the largest degree of the minimal polynomial among all elements of the algebra

${\mathcal {A}}$

. As an application, we show that for arbitrary odd n, the length of the group algebra of the dihedral group of order

$2n$

equals n.
IRRATIONALITY OF ZEROS OF POLYGAMMA FUNCTIONS
Authors: GOYAT PREETI 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Our work owes its origin to a recent note of Ram Murty [‘Irrationality of zeros of the digamma function’, Number Theory in Memory of Eduard Wirsing (eds. H. Maier, R. Steuding and J. Steuding) (Springer, Cham, 2023), 237–243], in which he proves that all the zeros of the digamma function are irrational with at most one possible exception. We extend this investigation to higher-order polygamma functions.
ON MARCH’S CRITERION FOR TRANSIENCE ON ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC MANIFOLDS
Authors: BRAVO JOHN E. , CORTISSOZ JEAN C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We show that March’s criterion for the existence of a bounded nonconstant harmonic function on a weak model (that is,

$\mathbb {R}^n$

with a rotationally symmetric metric) is also a necessary and sufficient condition for the solvability of the Dirichlet problem at infinity on a family of metrics that generalise metrics with rotational symmetry on

$\mathbb {R}^n$

. When the Dirichlet problem at infinity is not solvable, we prove some quantitative estimates on how fast a nonconstant harmonic function must grow.
Fecampiid flatworms parasitic in a tanaidacean crustacean
Authors: Kakui K. , Shiraki S. , Hookabe N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the first record of fecampiidan platyhelminths parasitic in tanaidacean crustaceans. Two fecampiidans (0.75 mm and 1.10 mm in length) were found in a female of Pseudotanais sp. (Pseudotanaidae; 1.75 mm in length) collected at 794 m depth off the southern coast of Japan, northwestern Pacific. Fresh individuals were yellow or light yellow, but completely faded in ethanol. In a maximum likelihood tree based on 28S rRNA sequences, the parasite was placed in a moderately-supported Fecampiidae clade, suggesting it is a member of Fecampiidae. The 28S sequence from the parasite was 25.0%, 32.6%, and 35.5% divergent in Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) distance from Fecampia cf. abyssicola, Kronborgia cf. amphipodicola, and Kronborgia isopodicola sequences, respectively.
Study on occurrence of Ophiothrix savignyi (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Iranian water of the Persian Gulf
Authors: Pourvali Naser , Salari Aliabadi Mohammad-Ali , Salamat Negin , Askari Hesni Majid , Sharif Ranjbar Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study on distribution of Ophiothrix savignyi was carried out from 2017 to 2022 in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf. Nineteen locations were sampled from coastal waters, including 16 newly reported areas. O. savignyi was epizoic, associated mostly with sponges, sea urchins, and soft corals. This survey shows O. savignyi as the most common and widespread brittle star in the northern and eastern Persian Gulf. In this study, O. savignyi, has been described again from the Persian Gulf.
Panic disorder and suicide
Authors: Tsai Shih-Jen , Cheng Chih-Ming , Chang Wen-Han , Bai Ya-Mei , Su Tung-Ping , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Mu-Hong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Panic disorder (PD) may increase the likelihood of suicidal ideation and behaviors because of psychiatric comorbidities such as major depressive disorder (MDD). However, research has yet to demonstrate a direct relationship between PD and suicide mortality.

Method
Using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 171,737 individuals with PD and 686,948 age- and sex-matched individuals without PD during 2003–2017. We assessed the risk of suicide within the same period. Psychiatric comorbidities such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and substance use disorder (SUD) were also evaluated. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to compare the risk of suicide in different groups after adjustment for demographic data and psychiatric comorbidities.

Results
Our Cox regression model revealed that PD was an independent risk factor for suicide (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59–2.14), regardless of psychiatric comorbidities. Among all comorbidities, MDD with PD was associated with the highest risk of suicide (HR = 6.08, 95% CI = 5.48–6.74), followed by autism (HR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.66–12.29), schizophrenia (HR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.7–4.13), bipolar disorder (HR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.71–3.79), AUD (HR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.41–3.72), SUD (HR = 2.82, 95% CI = 2.28–3.47), and OCD (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.64–2.67).

Discussion
PD is an independent risk factor for suicide. Psychiatric comorbidities (i.e. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, OCD, AUD, SUD, and autism) with PD increase the risk of suicide.
Internal Migration and the Continuity of Local Elites in North China, 1949–1965
Authors: Noellert Matthew , Li Xiangning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present findings from historical microdata that suggest former rural elites effectively preserved their socio-economic advantages into the early People's Republic of China (PRC, circa 1949–1965) by exploiting urban–rural differences in government policies. In particular, former rural elites were three to four times more likely than poor peasants to move to a nearby town, and this urbanization was highly associated with socio-economic privileges in a rapidly developing economy, including both income and educational opportunities. We also find evidence that after 1949, former rural elites who did urbanize were more likely than their poor peasant counterparts to find industrial jobs.
An autonomous localisation method of wall-climbing robots on large steel components with IMU and fixed RGB-D camera
Authors: Zhang Wen , Huang Tianzhi , Sun Zhenguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wall-climbing robots work on large steel components with magnets, which limits the use of wireless sensors and magnetometers. This study aims to propose a novel autonomous localisation method (RGBD-IMU-AL) with an inertial measurement unit and a fixed RGB-D camera to improve the localisation performance of wall-climbing robots. The method contains five modules: calibration, tracking, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, location and attitude estimation. The calibration module is used to obtain the initial attitude angle. The tracking and 3D reconstruction module are used jointly to obtain the rough position and normal vector of the robot chassis. For the location module, a normal vector projection method is established to screen out the top point on the robot shell. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the heading angle in the attitude estimation module. Experimental results show that the positioning error is within 0⋅02 m, and the positioning performance is better than that of the MS3D method. The heading angle error remains within 3⋅1°. The obtained results prove its applicability for the autonomous localisation in low-texture and magnetically disturbed environments.