bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of vector richness on the risk of vector‐borne disease: The role of vector competence
Authors: Chen Lifan , Tan Zhiying , Kong Ping , Zhou Yanli , Zhou Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA central goal of disease ecology is to identify the factors that drive the spread of infectious diseases. Changes in vector richness can have complex effects on disease risk, but little is known about the role of vector competence in the relationship between vector richness and disease risk. In this study, we firstly investigated the combined effects of vector competence, interspecific competition, and feeding interference on disease risk through a two‐vector, one‐host SIR‐SI model, and obtained threshold conditions for the occurrence of dilution and amplification effects. Secondly, we extended the above model to the case of N vectors and assumed that all vectors were homogeneous to obtain analytic expressions for disease risk. It was found that in the two‐vector model, disease risk declined more rapidly as interspecific competition of the high‐competence vector increased. When vector richness increases, the positive effects of adding a high‐competence vector species on disease transmission may outweigh the negative effects of feeding interference due to increased vector richness, making an amplification effect more likely to occur. While the addition of a highly competitive vector species may exacerbate the negative effects of feeding interference, making a dilution effect more likely to occur. In the N‐vector model, the effect of increased vector richness on disease risk was fully driven by the strength of feeding interference and interspecific competition, and changes in vector competence only quantitatively but not qualitatively altered the vector richness–disease risk relationship. This work clarifies the role of vector competence in the relationship between vector richness and disease risk and provides a new perspective for studying the diversity–disease relationship. It also provides theoretical guidance for vector management and disease prevention strategies.
Restoring spatiotemporal variability to enhance the capacity for dispersal‐limited species to track climate change
Authors: Backus Gregory A. , Clements Christopher F. , Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate refugia are areas where species can persist through climate change with little to no movement. Among the factors associated with climate refugia are high spatial heterogeneity, such that there is only a short distance between current and future optimal climates, as well as biotic or abiotic environmental factors that buffer against variability in time. However, these types of climate refugia may be declining due to anthropogenic homogenization of environments and degradation of environmental buffers. To quantify the potential for restoration of refugia‐like environmental conditions to increase population persistence under climate change, we simulated a population's capacity to track their temperature over space and time given different levels of spatial and temporal variability in temperature. To determine how species traits affected the efficacy of restoring heterogeneity, we explored an array of values for species' dispersal ability, thermal tolerance, and fecundity. We found that species were more likely to persist in environments with higher spatial heterogeneity and lower environmental stochasticity. When simulating a management action that increased the spatial heterogeneity of a previously homogenized environment, species were more likely to persist through climate change, and population sizes were generally higher, but there was little effect with mild temperature change. The benefits of heterogeneity restoration were greatest for species with limited dispersal ability. In contrast, species with longer dispersal but lower fecundity were more likely to benefit from a reduction in environmental stochasticity than an increase in spatial heterogeneity. Our results suggest that restoring environments to refugia‐like conditions could promote species' persistence under the influence of climate change in addition to conservation strategies such as assisted migration, corridors, and increased protection.
Various arrangements of pharyngeal flap in soft palate reconstruction after cancer treatment
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshi , Ota Tomoyuki , Kato Motoi , Makino Takuma , Makihara Seiichiro , Ando Mizuo , Kimata Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe pharyngeal flap (PF) is useful for reconstruction of soft palate defects, but effective arrangements of PF for various types of soft palate defects are controversial. Here, we classify three types of soft palate defects and discuss the arrangements of PF and their functional prognosis.MethodsReconstruction was performed based on the classification of the defects. Clinical details were collected, and postoperative function was analyzed.ResultsEight patients were included in the study. The defect sizes ranged from 25 (width) × 40 (depth) to 40 × 60 mm. Six patients underwent pharyngeal flap reconstruction with free‐flap reconstruction, and two underwent pharyngeal flap reconstruction. The pharyngeal flap was harvested at the maximum width of the posterior pharyngeal wall, ranging from 25 to 40 mm in length. Eating and speaking functions were maintained in all patients.ConclusionsGood postoperative function can be maintained by narrowing the velopharyngeal space with a pharyngeal flap.
Cooperative coparenting and the associations with adolescent behavioral problems and delinquency in unmarried families
Authors: Wang Dan , Choi Jeong‐Kyun , Jiang Qingyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionCoparenting in unmarried families is a protective factor for positive adolescent adjustment. Although the relations between coparenting and adolescent outcomes have been investigated, it remains unclear whether the specific patterns of maternal and paternal coparenting are associated with adolescent behavioral outcomes.MethodsThe present study includs a longitudinal cohort of 1143 triads of unmarried parents and their adolescents to examine the associations between different patterns of coparenting and adolescent behavioral problems and delinquency. The data were drawn from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study in the United States. Our study used six waves of publicly available data at children's birth, ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15.ResultsThe latent profile analyses identified four coparenting profiles of maternal and paternal coparenting perceived by the other unmarried parent. Comparing average levels of coparenting between mothers and fathers, the profiles were entitled Low Mom‐Low Dad, High Mom‐Medium Dad, Low Mom‐Medium Dad, and High Mom‐High Dad. Parents characteristics, such as cohabitation and marital status, predicted the likelihood of being in cooperative coparenting profiles. Furthermore, all the identified coparenting profiles predicted adolescent externalizing behavioral problems; only the high mom cooperative coparenting profiles predicted adolescent internalizing behavioral problems; none of the coparenting profiles predicted adolescent delinquency.ConclusionsOur study adds empirical evidence for coparenting research by revealing that coparenting patterns vary in unmarried families and that cooperative coparenting benefits child behavioral outcomes. The findings encourage introducing different coparenting training programs targeting unmarried parents' diverse needs, thus promoting positive adolescent adjustment.
Methanol excretion by Methylomonas methanica is induced by the supernatant of a methanotrophic consortium
Authors: Avila‐Nuñez Geovanni , Saldivar Alexis , Ruiz‐Ruiz Patricia , Revah Sergio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethanotrophs play an important role in mitigating methane (CH4) emissions in ecosystems. They closely interact with other microorganisms forming communities where the cross‐feeding of metabolites, presumably methanol (MeOH), is essential for the growth and activity of non‐methanotrophs. The experiments in this study were focused on investigating the effect of adding the supernatant from a methanotrophic consortium to pure cultures of Methylomonas methanica.RESULTSMethanol dehydrogenase inhibition caused the accumulation of MeOH, which resulted in a significant production after 3 h, with 1.99 mmol L−1 CH3OH. The addition of the supernatant was associated with the excretion of MeOH by M. methanica and enhancement of the CH4 consumption rate, despite a reduction in growth. The maximum MeOH concentrations were between 0.7 and 1.5 mmol L−1 CH3OH.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that MeOH excretion may indeed be linked to a metabolic imbalance, which could potentially be compensated through the cross‐feeding of metabolites within the methanotrophic community. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Influence of reinforcement and its omission on trial‐by‐trial changes of response bias in perceptual decision making
Authors: Stüttgen Maik C. , Dietl Andrea , Stoilova Eckert Vanya V. , de la Cuesta‐Ferrer Luis , Blanke Jan‐Hendrik , Koß Christina , Jäkel Frank 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiscrimination performance in perceptual choice tasks is known to reflect both sensory discriminability and nonsensory response bias. In the framework of signal detection theory, these aspects of discrimination performance are quantified through separate measures, sensitivity (d′) for sensory discriminability and decision criterion (c) for response bias. However, it is unknown how response bias (i.e., criterion) changes at the single‐trial level as a consequence of reinforcement history. We subjected rats to a two‐stimulus two‐response conditional discrimination task with auditory stimuli and induced response bias through unequal reinforcement probabilities for the two responses. We compared three signal‐detection‐theory‐based criterion learning models with respect to their ability to fit experimentally observed fluctuations of response bias on a trial‐by‐trial level. These models shift the criterion by a fixed step (1) after each reinforced response or (2) after each nonreinforced response or (3) after both. We find that all three models fail to capture essential aspects of the data. Prompted by the observation that steady‐state criterion values conformed well to a behavioral model of signal detection based on the generalized matching law, we constructed a trial‐based version of this model and find that it provides a superior account of response bias fluctuations under changing reinforcement contingencies.
Fraping: A computational tool for detecting slight differences in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) data for actin polymerization analysis
Authors: Medina‐Ruíz Gabriela Itzetl , Medina‐Ruiz Arturo Itzcóatl , Morán Julio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a laser method of light microscopy to evaluate the rapid movement of fluorescent molecules. To have a more reliable approach to analyze data from FRAP, we designed Fraping, a free access R library to data analysis obtained from FRAP. Unlike other programs, Fraping has a new form of analyzing curves of FRAP using statistical analysis based on the average curve difference. To evaluate our library, we analyzed the differences of actin polymerization in real time between dendrites and secondary neurites of cultured neuron transfected with LifeAct to track F‐actin changes of neurites. We found that Fraping provided greater sensitivity than the conventional model using mobile fraction analysis. Likewise, this approach allowed us to normalize the fluorescence to the size area of interest and adjust data curves choosing the best parametric model. In addition, this library was supplemented with data simulation to have a more significant enrichment for the analysis behavior. We concluded that Fraping is a method that reduces bias when analyzing two data groups as compared with the conventional methods. This method also allows the users to choose a more suitable analysis approach according to their requirements.Research Highlights
Fraping is a new programming tool to analyze FRAP data to normalize fluorescence recovery curves.
The conventional method uses one‐point analysis, and the new one compares all the points to define the similarity of the fluorescence recovery.
Amide Proton Transfer‐Weighted MRI, Associations with Clinical Severity and Prognosis in Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Zhou Le , Pan Wanqian , Huang Renjun , Wang Tianye , Wei Zifan , Wang Hui , Zhang Yi , Li Yonggang 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores have important shortcomings. Amide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging might offer more valuable information in ischemic strokes assessment.PurposeTo utilize APTw, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for the assessment of clinical symptom severity and 90‐day prognosis in patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke.Study TypeProspective.Subjects61 patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years; 46 males, 15 females) with ischemic strokes were included in the study.Field Strength/Sequence3T/turbo spin echo (TSE) T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, T2‐fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2‐FLAIR), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and single‐shot TSE APTw imaging.AssessmentAPTw, ADC, and CTP were used to compare patient subgroups and construct a prognostic nomogram model.Statistical TestsKolmogorov–Smirnov test, t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐square test, Pearson correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). The significance threshold was set at P < 0.05.ResultsCorrelation analysis revealed that APTw and NIHSS exhibit the highest correlation (r = −0.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.418 to −0.782), surpassing that of ADC and lesion size. Multivariable analysis revealed APTw (odds ratio [OR] 0.905, 95% CI 0.845–0.970), ADC (OR 0.745, 95% CI 0.609–0.911), and infarct core‐cerebral blood volume (IC‐CBV) (OR 0.547, 95% CI 0.310–0.964) as potential risk factors associated with a poor prognosis. The nomogram model demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.960 (95% CI 0.911–0.988), exceeding that of APTw, ADC, and IC‐CBV individually.Data ConclusionThe APTw technique holds potential value in categorizing and managing patients with ischemic stroke, offering guidance for the implementation of clinical treatment strategies.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Feasibility of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in temporary permanent pacemaker implants in pediatric myocarditis and complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Kakarla Saikiran , Abhilash Sreevilasam P. , Valakkada Jineesh , Namboodiri Narayanan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing myocarditis in children presenting with complete AV block (CAVB) is challenging. Temporary permanent pacing support using standard transvenous active fixation lead can be inserted percutaneously until recovery. However, access to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging may be limited due to safety concerns.CasesWe report three cases where CMR was performed using temporary permanent pacemaker in situ. We evaluated the effect of device artefacts on image quality and examined any instances of device malfunction.ConclusionIn children with CAVB and myocarditis, a temporary permanent pacemaker can provide reliable pacing until recovery, and CMR can be safely performed with the implanted pacemaker without compromising image quality.
Parental perspectives on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Unraveling concerns, and study participation willingness
Authors: Eindor‐Abarbanel Adi , Pinchevski Noa , Shalem Tzippora , Agajany Netanel , Ophir Nimrod , Weiss Batya , Broide Efrat , Richter Vered 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe impact of disease burden extends beyond pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to include their parents. Previous studies, predating the biologic era, have highlighted parental concerns about potential side effects associated with IBD medications. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding parents' perceptions of clinical studies involving pediatric IBD patients. This study aims to explore the specific concerns troubling parents of children with IBD, identifying factors influencing these concerns, and assesses parental willingness to allow their child's participation in clinical studies.MethodsUtilizing social media, we disseminated an anonymous questionnaire to parents of pediatric IBD patients. The questionnaire encompassed queries about parental willingness for their child to partake in clinical studies, aspects of the disease deemed bothersome, and the sense of coherence scale (SOC).ResultsResponses were obtained from 101 parents, with a mean age of 46.4, of whom 82.2% were female. Concerns about potential future side effects of their child's medications surpassed worries about disease symptoms (80.04% vs. 73.47%). Linear regression analysis revealed that parents with lower SOC scores, limited medical care accessibility, and a higher age of the child at diagnosis, exhibited heightened concerns about the future impact of the disease on their child (p = 0.016, 0.003, and 0.045, respectively). While a majority rejected participation in studies involving new medications (54.5%), there was greater agreement for studies on nutritional therapies (84.2%) and complementary medicine (91.1%). Classification tree analysis indicated that women were more inclined to permit their child's participation in studies focusing on complementary medicine (adjusted p = 0.002).ConclusionParents of IBD patients express greater apprehension about potential side effects from IBD medications and display reluctance toward their child participating in clinical studies related to medications.
Personalized alignment techniques better restore the native trochlear groove compared to systematic alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Orsi Alexander D. , Shatrov Jobe , Plaskos Christopher , Kreuzer Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe relationship between constitutional coronal alignment and implant positioning on trochlear groove restoration in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the choice of alignment philosophy significantly affects the restoration of the trochlea groove.MethodsSixty‐one imageless robotic TKAs performed by a single orthopaedic surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. In each case, the entire native trochlea was digitized to generate the native femoral anatomy, and implants were planned according to a functional alignment (FA) technique. Final implant position was recorded using the validated bone resection planes from the navigation system. Simulated femoral component positions were generated according to previously described alignment techniques: mechanical alignment (MA), gap balancing (GB), kinematic alignment (KA), restricted kinematic alignment (rKA) and restricted inverse kinematic alignment (riKA). Trochlear angle (TA), trochlear under/overstuffing and mediolateral sulcus offset were compared between the six simulated alignment techniques, as well as the final implanted technique. Further analyses investigated the effect of preoperative coronal alignment on trochlear position. Comparisons were assessed with an analysis of variance and Welch's t‐tests or Wilcoxon's rank‐sum tests with Bonferroni corrections.ResultsThe implanted and simulated techniques all resulted in greater TA valgus compared to the native groove (p < 0.001). The implanted technique, KA and rKA were closer to the native TA than GB, MA and riKA (p > 0.001). All alignment philosophies understuffed the native trochlea groove. KA and rKA understuffed less than all other techniques (p < 0.001), and GB understuffed more than all other techniques (p < 0.001). In extension, all techniques shifted the trochlear sulcus laterally, while in flexion, they medialized it. These effects were most prominent in GB and MA.ConclusionPersonalized alignment techniques such as KA and rKA, which consider variations in individual anatomy, best restore the native patellar groove compared to systematic alignment techniques when using a standardized femoral component.Level of EvidenceLevel III, retrospective review.
ELOVL6 promotes the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via activating WNT/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Wang Ruoya , Liu Xianzhi , Li Xiyao , Qian Ming , Yang Xi , Jiang Qichuan , Wang Yijie , Liu Hao , Chen Jianguo , Wang Xuefeng , Gong Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study was to explore the role of ELOVL6 in the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Considering its previously identified oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma. ELOVL6 gene expression, clinicopathological analysis, enrichment analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were based on the data from Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas, with additional bioinformatics analyses performed. Human HNSCC tissue microarray and cell lines were used. The expression of ELOVL6 in HNSCC was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry assay, and western blot analysis. The proliferation ability of HNSCC cells, invasion, and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 method, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Based on the data derived from the cancer databases and our HNSCC cell and tissue studies, we found that ELOVL6 was overexpressed in HNSCC. Moreover, ELOVL6 expression level had a positive correlation with clinicopathology of HNSCC. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that ELOVL6 affected the occurrence of HNSCC through WNT signaling pathway. Functional experiments demonstrated that ELOVL6 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HNSCC cells while promoting apoptosis. Additionally, compound 3f, an agonist of WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway, enhances the effect of ELOVL6 on the progression of HNSCC cells. ELOVL6 is upregulated in HNSCC and promotes the development of HNSCC cells by inducing WNT/β‐catenin signaling pathway. ELOVL6 stands a potential target for the treatment of HNSCC and a prognosis indicator of human HNSCC.