bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting and honesty: Experimental evidence from Egypt
Authors: Rabie Dina , Rashwan Mohamed , Miniesy Rania 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of religious fasting on truth‐telling using a laboratory experiment in Egypt. While fasting‐induced religiosity may promote truth‐telling, the physiological and psychological changes during fasting, due to alimentary abstention and self‐control exertion, may reduce honesty, especially when fasting is augmented with effort. We examine this question by tracing individual truth‐telling decisions, in the absence and presence of additional effort, both before and during Ramadan. We find that neither effort nor fasting alone affects honesty, but exerting effort while fasting reduces honesty. We provide suggestive evidence on the mechanisms potentially driving this negative effect on honesty.
A systematic review on the application of machine learning models in psychometric questionnaires for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Caselles‐Pina Lucía , Quesada‐López Alejandro , Sújar Aaron , Hernández Eva María Garzón , Delgado‐Gómez David 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide. Recent studies show that machine learning has great potential for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The aim of the present article is to systematically review the scientific literature on machine learning studies for the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, focusing on psychometric questionnaire tools. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted. The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database. A search was conducted in three databases—Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus and Pubmed—with the aim of identifying studies that apply ML techniques to support the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A total of 17 empirical studies were found that met the established inclusion criteria. The results showed that machine learning can be used to increase the accuracy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis. Machine learning techniques are useful and effective strategies that can complement traditional diagnostics in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A novel generative adversarial network‐based super‐resolution approach for face recognition
Authors: Chougule Amit , Kolte Shreyas , Chamola Vinay , Hussain Amir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFace recognition is an essential feature required for a range of computer vision applications such as security, attendance systems, emotion detection, airport check‐in, and many others. The super‐resolution of subject images is an important and challenging element in numerous scenarios. At times the images are low resolution and need to be processed through super‐resolution techniques to gain more accurate results. For the problem of image super‐resolution, deep learning‐based face recognition systems have been explored in recent years; however, low‐resolution face recognition remains an arduous task. Generative adversarial network (GAN) based models are a promising approach to address this challenge. However, conventional GAN‐based models may generate images that differ significantly from an original high‐resolution image in the test set to the point that the identity of the target face may be changed. To address this shortcoming, we propose a novel U‐Net style generator architecture, where skip‐connections between the encoder and decoder layer can help in preserving the facial characteristics of the input image in the generated image, thus curbing the generator's ability to generate an entirely new image and training it to generate an image more similar in characteristics to the original image. In addition to statistical metrics like structural similarity index measure and Fréchet inception distance, we compute the pixel‐wise distance between the original and model‐generated images to ascertain that our model generates as close to the original images as possible. While we train the model for 4× super‐resolution (64 × 64 images to 256 × 256), our architecture can also be trained for an arbitrary resizing scale. Finally, the number of faces detected over high‐resolution images generated by our model is shown to be higher than state‐of‐the‐art high‐resolution image creation models for face recognition tasks.
Male, female, and mixed‐sex poplar plantations support divergent soil microbial communities
Authors: Guo Qingxue , Zhu Yuanjing , Sun Fangyuan , Korpelainen Helena , Niinemets Ülo , Li Chunyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMales and females of dioecious plants have sex‐specific adaptations to diverse habitats. The effects of inter‐ and intrasexual interactions in poplar plantations on composition, structure, and function of soil microbiota have not been explored in degraded areas. We conducted a series of greenhouse and field experiments to investigate how belowground competition, soil microbial communities, and seasonal variation nitrogen content differ among female, male, and mixed‐sex Populus cathayana plantations. In the greenhouse experiment, female neighbors suppressed the growth of males under optimal nitrogen conditions. However, male neighbors enhanced stable isotope ratio of nitrogen (δ15N) of females under intersexual competition. In the field, the root length density, root area density, and biomass of fine roots were lower in female plantations than in male or mixed‐sex plantations. Bacterial networks of female, male, and mixed‐sex plantations were characterized by different composition of hub nodes, including connectors, modules, and network hubs. The sex composition of plantations altered bacterial and fungal community structures according to Bray‐Curtis distances, with 44% and 65% of variance explained by the root biomass, respectively. The total soil nitrogen content of mixed‐sex plantation was higher than that in female plantation in spring and summer. The mixed‐sex plantation also had a higher β‐1,4‐N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase activity in summer and a higher nitrification rate in autumn than the other two plantations. The seasonal soil N content, nitrification rate, and root distribution traits demonstrated spatiotemporal niche separation in the mixed‐sex plantation. We argue that a strong female–female competition and limited nitrogen content could strongly impede plant growth and reduce the resistance of monosex plantations to climate change and the mixed‐sex plantations constitutes a promising way to restore degraded land.
Factors associated with the introduction of visiting‐pharmacist services in older adults in Japan: A nested case–control study
Authors: Taguchi Reina , Hamada Shota , Michihata Nobuaki , Tsuchiya‐Ito Rumiko , Kitamura Satomi , Ishikawa Tomoki , Iwagami Masao 
Published: February 2024

AimTo investigate the factors associated with introducing visiting‐pharmacist services for community‐dwelling older adults in Japan.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study using claims data in a cohort from a city in Tokyo. Patients aged ≥65 years who received visiting‐pharmacist services for the first time between April 2014 and March 2020 were considered case patients. A maximum of four controls to each case patient were randomly selected on the basis of sex, age, health insurance systems, and month–year. Medical and long‐term care service usage and patient condition were assessed using claims data from the index and preceding months, along with long‐term care needs certification data. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for factors associated with visiting‐pharmacist service introduction.ResultsA total of 22 949 participants (4591 cases and 18 358 controls) were included, with a median age of 85 years; 59.3% were women. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the three most related factors were 27.61 (23.98–31.80) for physicians' home visits, 5.83 (5.08–6.70) for hospitalization, and 4.97 (4.16–5.95) for designated‐facility admission. Factors such as prescribing ≧10 medications, visiting nursing, and cancer were positively associated. In contrast, low household income and a high need for support due to cognitive function or disability were negatively associated.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the introduction of visiting‐pharmacist services for older adults in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 344–351.
Safety and efficacy of combined dual antiplatelet therapy and factor VIII prophylaxis in patients with haemophilia A after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Agosti Pasquale , Siboni Simona Maria , Ciavarella Alessandro , Arcudi Sara , Boggio Federico , Gualtierotti Roberta , Peyvandi Flora 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe increased life expectancy of patients with haemophilia A (HA) has led to a growing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and events. There is still scarce evidence on the safety and appropriate duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in HA patients.AimWe describe our experience on the clinical management of Italian HA patients after ACS.MethodsNine patients with congenital HA treated with DAPT after a revascularization procedure performed for ACS have been enrolled and followed at the Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Center in Milan between 2005 and September 2022. The safety and efficacy of DAPT with or without FVIII prophylaxis were assessed.ResultsTen ACS events occurred in the nine HA patients (four mild and five severe). All events were treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with deployment of 1 to 3 drug‐eluting stents followed by DAPT for 1–12 months. All patients except one were treated with FVIII prophylaxis during DAPT aimed at achieving FVIII trough levels ≥20–30 IU/dL. DAPT was effective in all cases in preventing early ACS recurrence, with only a late recurrence. We observed two clinically relevant non‐major bleeds (one in a patient without FVIII prophylaxis) and three minor bleeds. No venous thrombosis occurred.ConclusionThe long‐term secondary antithrombotic prevention consisting of DAPT and FVIII prophylaxis achieving a trough level of 20–30 IU/dL can be effective and safe in HA patients.
Imaging flow cytometric detection of del(17p) in bone marrow and circulating plasma cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Mincherton Thomas I. , Lam Stephanie J. , Clarke Sarah E. , Hui Henry Y. L. , Malherbe Jacques A. J. , Chuah Hun S. , Sidiqi M. Hasib , Fuller Kathy A. , Erber Wendy N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDetection of del(17p) in myeloma is generally performed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a slide with analysis of up to 200 nuclei. The small cell sample analyzed makes this a low precision test. We report the utility of an automated FISH method, called “immuno‐flowFISH”, to detect plasma cells with adverse prognostic risk del(17p) in bone marrow and blood samples of patients with myeloma.MethodsBone marrow (n = 31) and blood (n = 19) samples from 35 patients with myeloma were analyzed using immuno‐flowFISH. Plasma cells were identified by CD38/CD138‐immunophenotypic gating and assessed for the 17p locus and centromere of chromosome 17. Cells were acquired on an AMNIS ImageStreamX MkII imaging flow cytometer using INSPIRE software.ResultsChromosome 17 abnormalities were identified in CD38/CD138‐positive cells in bone marrow (6/31) and blood (4/19) samples when the percent plasma cell burden ranged from 0.03% to 100% of cells. Abnormalities could be identified in 14.5%–100% of plasma cells.ConclusionsThe “immuno‐flowFISH” imaging flow cytometric method could detect del(17p) in plasma cells in both bone marrow and blood samples of myeloma patients. This method was also able to detect gains and losses of chromosome 17, which are also of prognostic significance. The lowest levels of 0.009% (bone marrow) and 0.001% (blood) for chromosome 17 abnormalities was below the detection limit of current FISH method. This method offers potential as a new means of identifying these prognostically important chromosomal defects, even when only rare cells are present and for serial disease monitoring.
Unravelling the interplay of different traits and parameters related to nitrogen use efficiency in wheat for climate‐resilient agriculture
Authors: Gayatri  , Mandal Puja , Venkatesh Karnam , Mandal Pranab Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is extremely important towards mitigating climate change, especially in wheat where the NUE is less than 50%. Hence, optimizing grain yield under reduced application of nitrogenous fertilizer is a significant challenge. To address this challenge, a comprehensive study was conducted to investigate various agronomic traits and morphological, biochemical and molecular parameters related to NUE. This study explored their interrelationships and effects on grain yield, providing novel insights that were not previously reported. A set of 278 diverse wheat genotypes were assessed, encompassing eight NUE‐related field traits. All traits' values were reduced under stressed N (ranging from 7.5% to 77.5%) except Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency (NUtE) and NUE. Data analysis showed a significant positive correlation between grain yield and all other NUE‐related traits (r2 value ranged from .23 to 1.00), highlighting their relevance in comprehending the biological NUE of wheat plants. Principal component analysis (PCA) also revealed that N at head and N at harvest were more connected with gain yield, NUE and biomass under the optimum N condition, but less connected with gain yield and NUE under the stressed N condition. To complement the field data, representative genotypes were further subjected to a hydroponics experiment under absolute N control to study the different morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments and the performance of essential N‐ and C‐metabolizing enzymes at the seedling stage. N stress had a detrimental impact on the majority of the parameters (−0.84% to −79.8%). Nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) enzymes as well as root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW) and CS transcript, were positively affected by 5.9%–35.6%. The correlation analysis highlighted the substantial influence of four key N‐metabolizing enzymes, namely nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate oxo‐glutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT), and GDH on grain yield. Additionally, this study highlighted the direct and indirect associations between seedling parameters and field traits, where shoot and root length were found to be most significant for N acquisition, especially under N stress. In conclusion, these findings offer valuable insights into the intricate network of traits and parameters influencing wheat grain yield under varying N regimes.
Creating in the metaverse: An SSRL‐based collaborative painting approach to promote students' creativity, socially shared regulation and positive painting behaviours
Authors: Guan Jue‐Qi , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Wang Wen‐Zhuo , Zhu Jiong , Hwang Gwo‐Jen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPainting is the foundational expression across all art forms and is one of the key creative practices for fostering students' aesthetic ability and creativity within fine arts courses. Collaborative painting in the form of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL) can be recognized as an effective strategy for enhancing creativity in both individual and group work. However, the absence of contextual experiences and collaborative spaces poses challenges for students in cultivating their creativity in painting.ObjectivesThe present study explores students' creativity, socially shared regulation (SSR) and positive painting behaviours using an SSRL‐based collaborative painting approach in the metaverse (Meta‐CP).MethodsVia a quasi‐experimental design, a total of 40 Chinese students in fifth grade were recruited and were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 20 students utilizing the Meta‐CP approach, while the remaining 20 students followed the conventional SSRL‐based paper‐and‐brush collaborative painting (C‐CP) approach. The Meta‐CP approach not only offers an authentic painting context and a collaborative space but also facilitates the collaborative process through the SSRL framework. The data collection included students' creative tendency, painting works and painting process.Results and ConclusionsThe Meta‐CP approach effectively enhances students' creativity concerning adventure, curiosity and imagination, as well as results in the creation of more distinctive and logical artistic works. Furthermore, the approach significantly improved the quality of students' SSR. Additionally, students utilizing the Meta‐CP approach displayed more positive painting behaviours compared with those employing the C‐CP approach.
Anatomical variants of acne differ in their impact on social perception
Authors: Jankowski Marek , Goroncy Agnieszka 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne negatively affects quality of life, however quality‐of‐life scores poorly correlate with disease severity scores. Previous research demonstrated existence of facial areas in which skin lesions have greater impact on gaze patterns. Therefore, we hypothesized that anatomical variants of acne may be perceived differently.ObjectivesThe aim was to investigate effect of anatomical variants of acne on natural gaze patterns and resulting impact on social perception of acne patients.MethodsWe tracked eye movements of participants viewing neutral and emotional faces with acne. Images were rated for acne‐related visual disturbance, and emotional faces were rated for valence intensity. Respondents of an online survey were asked to rate their perception of pictured individuals' personality traits.ResultsAll faces with acne were perceived as less attractive and received poorer personality judgements with mid‐facial acne presenting smallest deviation from healthy faces. T‐zone and mixed acne exhibited the least significant difference in respondents gaze behaviour pattern from each other. In addition, there was no significant difference in respondents' grading of acne visual disturbance or ratings for attractiveness, success and trustworthiness. U‐zone adult female acne was rated as the most visually disturbing and received the lowest scores for attractiveness. Happy faces with adult female acne were rated as less happy compared to other acne variants and clear‐skin faces.ConclusionsAnatomic variants of acne have a distinct impact on gaze patterns and social perception. Adult female acne has the strongest negative effect on recognition of positive emotions in affected individuals, attractiveness ratings and forming social impressions. If perioral acne lesions are absent, frontal lesions determine impact of acne on social perception irrespective of the presence of mid‐facial lesions. This perceptive hierarchy should be taken into consideration while deciding treatment goals in acne patients, prioritizing achieving remission in perioral and frontal area.
Does survival threat make us irrational? The effects of disease cues on sunk cost bias
Authors: Sun Hao , Chen Rui , Guo Zhaoyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSunk cost bias is a pervasive issue in the real world, manifesting in various domains, such as consumption and investment, influencing consumer well‐being. This bias often leads to a misallocation of resources towards less meaningful activities. In the current study, we explored a novel factor, specifically disease cues, that influences the sunk cost bias. Through a survey and four systematic experiments, using both lab and natural manipulations of disease cues, we demonstrate that disease cues encourage individuals to overvalue their prior investments, leading to an increased propensity for sunk cost bias in imagined decision scenarios and real choices. We have also ruled out alternative explanations for our findings. Significantly, we added a survey to directly explore the sunk cost bias and consumer subjective well‐being, showing a significant positive relationship between them. Our research contributes to understanding consumer irrational behavior and aims to improve consumer well‐being.
Nutrition care for older adults with delirium: A scoping review
Authors: Deeth Sophie , Stevens Sarah , Bell Jack , Mudge Alison 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThis scoping review aimed to identify and map the available information on the nutrition care process in older adults with delirium to analyse and summarise key concepts, and gaps, including the barriers and enablers to providing nutrition care for this group.DesignScoping review.MethodsThis review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published and grey sources in English were considered.Data sourcesDatabases searched were CINAHL, Medline, Embase, JBI Evidence‐based Practice, Scopus, ProQuest and Google. The initial search was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 and repeated in October 2023.ResultsThe database search identified 1561 articles, 186 underwent full‐text review and 17 articles were included. The grey literature search identified eight articles. Malnutrition and delirium were identified as mutually reinforcing, and nutrition strategies were included as part of multicomponent interventions for delirium management. There was no mention of barriers or enablers to nutrition care and minimal descriptive or empirical data available to guide nutrition care processes in this group.ConclusionThis scoping review revealed a need for further research into nutrition care processes in older patients with delirium, in particular the barriers and enablers, to inform appropriate management strategies in this vulnerable group.Implications for the profession and patient careProviding nutrition care for older patients with delirium is important and further practical guidance could help patients, healthcare staff and families.ImpactThis scoping review yielded instructive data suggesting that delirium is an important risk factor for malnutrition and vice versa, which leads to poor patient and health service outcomes.Reporting methodThis scoping review adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and used the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR).Patient of public contributionNo patient or public contribution.