bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Zafra, una dura herencia de la esclavitud
Authors: Darwin Alcívar Minda Anangono  
Published: February 2024

Los conceptos de afroecuatorianos, zafra y esclavitud están estrechamente vinculados y poseen
una profunda influencia histórica en la sociedad ecuatoriana, de manera particular en la vida de
los afrodescendientes en el país. Este ensayo fotográfico en blanco y negro tiene un total de doce
fotografías capturadas en el año 2018 en la comunidad de Tapiapamba perteneciente al cantón Úr
-
cuqui de la provincia de Imbabura muestra la realidad del cultivo de la caña de azúcar en el Ecuador
actividad que se la conoce como la zafra, esta acción agrícola se la viene desempeñando desde la
conquista, inicialmente este cultivo era únicamente para los trapiches de las grandes haciendas que
existían en la zona, hoy en la actualidad la producción está destinada a la venta al Ingenio Azucarero
del Norte - Compania de Economía Mixta (IANCEM), que después de un proceso de tecnificación lo
transforma en azúcar blanca y azúcar morena. Producción que es comercializada en los grandes
mercados de las ciudades más importantes del país. En esta actividad intervienen familias enteras,
adultos mayores, mujeres, jóvenes, niños que de una u otra manera se involucran en el cultivo.
La técnica es una fotografía acromática en la cual no hay color, la cual consiste en el manejo de la
escala del color blanco pasando por la escla de grises hasta llegar al negro, como expresión genuina
de luces, sombras y todas las matices y particularidades de los sujetos y objetos a retratar. En la par
-
te técnica se utilio una cámara reflex Nikon D7200 con un lente, 70-200 y un 18-105.
Mnemonic but not contextual feedback signals defy dedifferentiation in the aging early visual cortex
Authors: Ehrlich Isabelle , Ortiz-Tudela Javier , Tan Yi You , Muckli Lars , Shing Yee Lee 
Published: February 2024

Perception is an intricate interplay between feedforward visual input and internally generated feedback signals that comprise concurrent contextual and time-distant mnemonic (episodic and semantic) information. Yet, an unresolved question is how the composition of feedback signals changes across the lifespan and to what extent feedback signals undergo age-related dedifferentiation, i.e., a decline in neural specificity. Previous research on this topic has focused on feedforward perceptual representation and episodic memory reinstatement, suggesting reduced fidelity of neural representations at the item and category levels. In this fMRI study, we combined an occlusion paradigm that filters feedforward input to the visual cortex and multivariate analysis techniques to investigate the information content in cortical feedback, focusing on age-related differences in its composition. We further asked to what extent differentiation in feedback signals (in the occluded region) is correlated to differentiation in feedforward signals. Comparing younger (18 - 30 years) and older female and male adults (65 -75 years), we found that contextual but not mnemonic feedback was prone to age-related dedifferentiation. Semantic feedback signals were even better differentiated in older adults, highlighting the growing importance of generalized knowledge across age. We also found that differentiation in feedforward signals was correlated with differentiation in episodic but not semantic feedback signals. Our results provide evidence for age-related adjustments in the composition of feedback signals and underscore the importance of examining dedifferentiation in aging for both feedforward and feedback processing.Significance StatementCognitive decline in aging is related to reduced neural specificity (dedifferentiation) in the brain, which has mainly been examined in feedforward processing. Using an occlusion paradigm, we tested whether there is dedifferentiation in contextual and mnemonic feedback signals internally generated in the early visual cortex to aid perception. Older adults’ contextual but not mnemonic feedback signals suffered from dedifferentiation, with semantic mnemonic representations being even better differentiated in older age. Neural differentiation between feedforward and episodic feedback signals was positively correlated in both age groups. In sum, these results highlight the growing importance of semantic knowledge across the lifespan and imply that the impact of dedifferentiation on cognition highly depends on the nature of the recruited information.
Age-related deficits in binaural hearing: Contribution of peripheral and central effects
Authors: Tolnai Sandra , Weiß Mariella , Beutelmann Rainer , Bankstahl Jens P. , Bovee Sonny , Ross Tobias L. , Berding Georg , Klump Georg M. 
Published: February 2024

Pure-tone audiograms often poorly predict elderly humans’ ability to communicate in everyday complex acoustic scenes. Binaural processing is crucial for discriminating sound sources in such complex acoustic scenes. The compromised perception of communication signals presented above hearing threshold has been linked to both peripheral and central age-related changes in the auditory system. Investigating young and old Mongolian gerbils of both sexes, an established model for human hearing, we demonstrate age-related supra-threshold deficits in binaural hearing using behavioral, electrophysiological, anatomical and imaging methods. Binaural processing ability was measured as the binaural masking level difference (BMLD), an established measure in human psychophysics. We tested gerbils behaviorally with “virtual headphones”, recorded single-unit responses in the auditory midbrain and evaluated gross midbrain and cortical responses using positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging. Furthermore, we obtained additional measures of auditory function based on auditory brainstem responses, auditory-nerve synapse counts, and evidence for central inhibitory processing revealed by PET. BMLD deteriorates already in middle-aged animals having normal audiometric thresholds and is even worse in old animals with hearing loss. The magnitude of auditory brainstem response measures related to auditory-nerve function and binaural processing in the auditory brainstem also deteriorate. Furthermore, central GABAergic inhibition is affected by age. Because the number of synapses in the apical turn of the inner ear was not reduced in middle-aged animals, we conclude that peripheral synaptopathy contributes little to binaural processing deficits. Exploratory analyses suggest increased hearing thresholds, altered binaural processing in the brainstem and changed central GABAergic inhibition as potential contributors.Significance statementOlder people often have difficulty communicating in everyday situations involving multiple speakers and other sound sources. Binaural processing facilitates hearing in such complex listening situations. Peripheral damage, such as synapse loss in the inner ear, is thought to be an important factor contributing to these difficulties. However, the role of central processing deficits has received less attention. Here, we investigate age-related binaural processing in Mongolian gerbils using brainstem responses, midbrain single-unit responses, positron emission tomography, and reward-based animal psychophysics. Behavioral deficits in binaural processing precede increases in audiometric threshold, as do changes in central inhibition and physiological binaural processing. Synapse loss in cochlear regions tuned to the stimulus frequency, however, does not change and therefore unlikely contributes to age-related binaural deficits.
Prevalencia de depresión grave en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Boyacá
Authors: Velasco Castro Julio César , Ayala Lozano Mario Nicolás , Ojeda Alba Julieth Lorena , Fonseca García Tania Liovef , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , García Agudelo Lorena 
Published: February 2024

Introducción: La depresión, se caracteriza por la presencia de manifestaciones que influyen en el estado anímico de la persona y puede llegar a generar un compromiso sistémico a medida que avanza la enfermedad.
Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de la depresión en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Boyacá entre el 26 de marzo y el 10 de junio del año 2021.
Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 105 estudiantes de medicina que participación voluntariamente mediante una encuesta usando formularios de Google y la escala Zung. Se identificó la prevalencia de la severidad de depresión, se obtuvo datos sociodemográficos y se realizó análisis de los factores de riesgo.
Resultados: De los 105 encuestados, 75,2% fueron mujeres y 24.8% hombres. El rango de edad fue 16 a 39 años, la edad más representativa fue 21 años. 19% tenían algún familiar con depresión (2.9%), trastorno afectivo bipolar (4.8%), entre otros. Se presentó depresión leve en 24.7%, 46.6% moderada y 3.8% depresión grave en el sexo femenino, comparada con los hombres, 10.4% fue leve y 14.2% moderada. No hubo depresión grave. Según la distribución de depresión por semestres, se presentó principalmente en; primero 14.2%, segundo 10.4%, séptimo 20% y octavo 15.2%.
Conclusiones: Se evidenció que la mayoría de los estudiantes encuestados cursa con algún síntoma depresivo, en su mayoría de moderada intensidad, los cuales pueden estar influenciados por diversos factores como redes de apoyo deficientes, cambios en el estilo de vida y estrés generado por la carga académica semestral.
Durabilité des ressources pédagogiques sur support mobile en génie électrique
Authors: Guillet Jean-Paul 
Published: February 2024

L'éducation durable (Sterling, 2009) est un enjeu aux multiples dimensions, tant concernant l'impact social et humain, le rôle de l’électronique dans la transition liée aux enjeux climatiques et mondiaux, que des thématiques telles que l'obsolescence matérielle et logicielle. L'utilisation des applications mobiles dans l'enseignement supérieur se développe dans le monde entier dans de nombreuses disciplines telles que l'apprentissage des langues, la physique, le droit, les mathématiques, etc. Les solutions commerciales sont nombreuses, mais deux questions se posent : tout d'abord, quelle place l'enseignant peut-il prendre dans le développement de ces solutions ? Et quelle est la pérennité de ces solutions ? Cet article apporte un retour d'expérience de huit ans avec trois solutions de création d'applications pédagogiques qui ont été comparées et mises en œuvre avec des étudiants de l'enseignement supérieur.
Selection of a multienzyme complex to reduce the content of anti-nutrients in the green mass of amaranth
Authors: Obraztsova S. V. , Bondareva O. V. , Sviridova T. V. , Shuvaeva G. P. , Meshcheryakova O. L. , Korneeva O. S. 
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the issue of improving the poultry feed base in order to increase productivity and resistance to bacterial infections has been acute. One of the promising fodder crops is amaranth, which has a unique chemical composition rich in nutrients, especially protein. However, along with this, opinions differ about the content of anti-nutritional substances in its composition. The purpose of the work is to determine the content of anti–nutritional substances, as well as the selection of a multi-enzyme complex to reduce them. The object of study was the green mass of amaranth of the Giant variety (harvest 2022). Generally accepted methods of studying the chemical composition and content of anti-nutrients were used in the work. The selection of the enzymatic complex was carried out by bioconversion of the green mass of amarate. The bioconversion of the green mass of amaranth with the KEMZAYM ® plus P dry enzymatic complex contributed to a decrease in phytic acid and its salts by 35.3%.
Analysis of variation of iron coating rubber for upper punch moulds
Authors: Wahyu Rizky , Iswantoi Iswantoi 
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the evolution of ceramic mold design and manufacturing processes, focusing on the role of punches in shaping ceramics through injection molding techniques. Key findings reveal diverse punch types—isostatic, pressure rubber, and exhaust punches—tailored to meet varying market demands. By employing ASTM 1045 high-performance 45 steel, we explore the impact of these punches on product quality and efficiency. Qualitative research methods, comprising literature review, observations, and interviews, were utilized to analyze the production process, formulation of ceramic bodies, and variations within ceramic molding tools and procedures. Our work contributes valuable insights into the advancements of injection molding technology, particularly in the context of rapid growth in polymeric materials' usage and their potential for mass production via fast cycle times and high quantities.
Highlight :

Diverse punch types tailored to meet market demands, including isostatic, pressure rubber, and exhaust punches
Utilization of ASTM 1045 high-performance 45 steel for improved product quality and efficiency
Employment of qualitative research methods, such as literature reviews, observations, and interviews, to examine the production process, ceramic body formation, and tool variations

Keywords: ceramic mold, punches, injection molding, ASTM 1045 steel, diversified punches, qualitative analysis
R scripts for Human Microbiome Analysis Toolset
Authors: Rosa Bruce A , Martin John , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A variety of statistical analysis methods to analyze microbiome data are provided in an R script, with formatted example input files. These methods include read count rarefaction, diversity calculations, NMDS clustering, Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures (DMM) clustering, cluster validation with Silhouette scores and Prediction strength, random forest, and ANCOM-BC2. The script is a valuable tool for microbiome researchers and provides simple-to-use code with comments and properly formatted example input files, to perform a comprehensive set of methods for analyzing microbiome data. Version 2 adds code to filter out taxa that are detected in < 3 samples for the methods where that is appropriate. Version 3 cleans up some redundant code.
The Association Between Alcohol Use and Chronic Diseases’ Treatment Outcomes Among Adults Aged 40 Years and Above in Rural South Africa
Authors: Mupfuti Rumbidzai , Kabudula Chodziwadziwa , Francis Joel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chronic diseases are significant problems in South Africa. Chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes are critical to the reduction of morbidity and mortality. There is limited data in South Africa on alcohol use and treatment outcomes of chronic diseases in older people. We analysed data from wave 1 of the Health and Ageing in Africa-a longitudinal Study in an INDEPTH community (HAALSI) study. We performed descriptive analysis to determine the prevalence of optimal chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes (suppressed HIV viral load, normal blood pressure and normal blood sugar) and applied multivariate modified Poisson regression to determine the association between alcohol use and chronic diseases’ treatment outcomes. The prevalence of optimal treatment outcomes were 87.4% for HIV, 42.7% for hypertension, 53.6% for diabetes mellitus and 52.4% for multimorbidity. Alcohol use did not negatively impact the treatment outcomes for HIV (aRR=1.00, 95%CI:0.93-1.09), hypertension (aRR=0.88, 95%CI:0.68-1.14), diabetes mellitus (aRR=0.73, 95%CI:0.44-1.22), and multimorbidity (aRR=1.00, 95%CI:0.93-1.09). Alcohol use was not significantly associated with treatment outcomes possibly due to underreporting of alcohol use. There is need to incorporate objective alcohol measurements in chronic diseases care settings. Furthermore, there is urgent need to strengthen the management of hypertension and diabetes, by adopting the strategies deployed for HIV management.
ZOom Delivered Intervention Against Cognitive decline (ZODIAC) COVID-19 pandemic adaptations to the Post-Ischaemic Stroke Cardiovascular Exercise Study (PISCES): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of remotely delivered fitness training for brain health
Authors: Brodtmann Amy , Billett Alex , Telfer Rachael , Adkins Kim , White Laura , McCambridge Laura J. E. , Burrell Louise M. , Thijs Vincent , Kramer Sharon , Werden Emilio , Cardoso Barbara R. , Pase Matthew , Hung Stanley Hughwa , Churilov Leonid , Bernhardt Julie , Hayward Kathryn , Johnson Liam 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: Stroke increases subsequent dementia risk yet there are no specific post-stroke therapies to protect cognition. Cardiorespiratory exercise is recommended for secondary prevention of stroke and may be neuroprotective. The Post Ischaemic Stroke Cardiovascular Exercise Study (PISCES) aims to reduce post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. During the pandemic, we pivoted to a ZOom Delivered Intervention Against Cognitive decline (ZODIAC) protocol, reducing pandemic-amplified barriers to exercise.
Methods: We present pandemic adaptions for a multicentre Phase IIb assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial of ischaemic stroke survivors testing the efficacy and feasibility of an eight-week home-based exercise intervention delivered at two-months post-stroke. We compare cardiorespiratory exercise (intervention arm) versus balance and stretching (active control arm). Participants are assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fitness, blood, microbiome, and neuropsychological tests at three study visits: before and after the exercise intervention and at 12-months. Modifications to the original protocol include pre-exercise safety home visits, commercial delivery of exercise equipment to facilitate assessor blinding, and reconsideration of statistical plan to allow pooling of the studies. We have reduced in-person study visits from 27 to 3.
Study Outcomes: Primary outcome remains between-group (intervention versus control) difference in brain volume change; secondary outcome is between-group difference in global cognitive ability to allow remote administration of a validated cognitive scale.
Discussion: Remotely delivered exercise interventions reduce participant burden and may reduce barriers to recruitment. A decrease in the number of in-person study visits can be supported by greater information capture via self-reported questionnaires and phone surveys.
Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: 12616000942459
Analysis and research on electromechanical-pneumatic-mechanical braking performance of crane hoisting mechanism
Authors: WANG Quan-Wei , BU Xu-Yang , ZHOU Cheng , GUO Tong-Xing , WEN Hao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As an important actuator of the crane, the hoisting mechanism adopts the composite braking method of electrical + mechanical braking under normal working conditions, and usually adopts the mechanical braking brake under emergency working conditions. In emergency situations, mechanical brake systems are commonly used. Through theoretical analysis, a dynamic model of the hoisting mechanism was established. Simulation models were developed using MATLAB/SIMILINK software to simulate the actual braking process under both normal and emergency braking conditions. The braking performance under different conditions was analyzed. The results show that the control strategy of electromechanical composite braking can display the electromagnetic transition and mechanical transition in the braking process in real-time, and obtain the braking performance under multiple braking conditions. The analysis and study of the dynamic change process of braking performance has certain guiding significance for the actual braking working conditions.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of ScHAK10 gene promoter from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Luo Hai-Bin , Huang Cheng-Mei , Cao Hui-Qing , Xu Lin , Wu Kai-Chao , Deng Zhi-Nian , Wu Xing-Jian , Ye Li-Ping , Yi Xiao-Ping , Wei Yuan-Wen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of the high-affinity K+ (HAK) transporter gene is an important mechanism of plant response to low potassium stress. Cloning and analysis of the promoter of potassium transporter gene is not only helpful to its expression pattern and regulation mechanism but also important to improve the potassium absorption efficiency in sugarcane. The potassium transporter gene ScHAK10 is highly expressed and induced by low potassium stress in sugarcane，but the functions of its promoter is still unclear. In the present article, the 1918 bp promoter region of the ScHAK10 gene (pScHAK10) was cloned by genomic walking technique. Computational analysis affirmed the existence of abiotic stress-responsive cis and core cis-elements, such as TATA box, CAAT box, phytohormone responsive, stress response and light response motifs. GUS histochemical staining of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings showed that the leaf, corolla, and root tip were deeply stained, and paraffin sections of root tip tissue showed GUS staining in ductal tissue of A. thaliana shallowly stained. The 5′-terminal deletion of the promoter was cloned, and the lengths of 1918 (full), 1623 (Q1), 1332 (Q2), 957 (Q3), 576 (Q4), and 357 bp (Q5) were cloned into the GUS reporter vector for A. thaliana transient transformation. The transgenic plants generated through a single event exhibited a promising expression of the GUS reporter protein, which was treated with salt, low potassium, IAA and cold stress conditions. The results showed that the promoter activity correlates with the promoter fragment's length, and the long promoter fragment exhibits higher training. The Q5 was the least active and could not drive GUS expression. Under abiotic stress, the expression of GUS enzyme activity varies among different promoter fragments. Under low potassium and high salt stress, Q3 and Q4 showed the highest promoter activity. The Q1 and Q4 led the highest promoter activity during IAA and cold stress. These findings help to understand the molecular mechanism of ScHAK10 expression regulation and could be an excellent tool for future crop improvement.
An IoT Based Water Quality Classification Framework for Aqua-Ponds through Water and Environmental Variables using CGTFN Model
Authors: AREPALLI PEDA GOPI , K Jairam Naik , Amgoth Jagan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Maintaining water quality in aquatic habitats is critical for the health of aquatic species, particularly for fish. This study pioneers an innovative method to water quality classification, leveraging IoT-driven data acquisition and meticulous data labelling with the Aqua-Enviro Index (AEI) by considering the fish habitats. Existing mechanisms fail to capture complex temporal dynamics and depend largely on large amounts of labelled data, exposing fundamental limits. In response, we describe the Deep learning based Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit Tempo Fusion Network (CGTFN) model, which represents a considerable development in the evaluation of water quality. The model addresses these restrictions by seamlessly merging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for spatial pattern recognition and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) for temporal interactions. The Tempo Fusion mechanism combines spatial, temporal, and contextual data harmoniously, allowing for more sophisticated classifications by recognizing subtle interdependencies among environmental elements. The pioneering CGTFN model outperforms previous models, achieving 99.71% and 99.81% accuracy on both public-env and real-time-env datasets, respectively, exceeding established models at 98.2%. These remarkable findings highlight CGTFN's disruptive potential in water quality evaluation, bridging the gap between technology and environmental management, with ramifications ranging from aquaculture to resource sustainability.