bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell contact and cell adhesion during tissue organization
Authors: Saxén Lauri , Wartiovaara Jorma 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe morphogenesis of mouse metanephros has been studied in vitro both in whole organ rudiments and with the aid of experimental recombinations of the inductor and the responding tissue. Time‐lapse cinematography as well as light and electron microscopy were employed to explore cell movements and intercellular contacts during the early steps of tubulogenesis. The first detectable change in the responding mesenchyme is condensation of the induced cells into large aggregates. This is discernible as a cessation of the random motility of the cells, and as a gradual disappearance of the intercellular spaces. In both whole kidney rudiments and experimental recombinants, this stage is followed by secondary fragmentations of the primary aggregates. In whole kidney rudiments, this lobulation always takes place along the midline between two inductively active tips of the branching ureteric tree. Finally, the most central parts of these condensates are pinched off as ball‐shaped pretubular aggregates. Inside these pretubular condensates, cells tend to increase their mutual contact area and to become elongated and radially oriented. Subsequently, connecting membrane units are formed, cells become polarized, and the lumen develops in the centre of the mass. Before this stage, no polarization has been observed in electron micrographs. The subsequent development of the pretubular anlage into the typical S‐shaped body takes place in situ by a continuous partial pinching‐off of the different parts of the loop from the original tissue mass.The observations are discussed in the light of a working hypothesis that an epigenetic inductive stimulus triggers a gradual increase in the mutual adhesiveness in the responding cells. This surface change may explain the primary aggregation and the subsequent lobulation of the condensate. Moreover, aggregation of the cells by reason of this increased adhesiveness may be a prerequisite for polarization inside a certain tissue mass where different parts become exposed to different environmental conditions.
Action of the fluorescent dye, acridine orange, on radiation‐induced leukocytosis in mice
Authors: Sukhatankar Jayashree V. , Korgaonkar K. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe action of the fluorescent dye acridine orange, which is known to bind selectively to nucleic acids in cells, was tested on radiation‐induced leukocytosis in 2‐month‐old female Strong “A” strain mice. The toxic effect of different doses of the dye for the animals was determined, as was the whole‐body X‐ray irradiation dose that induced leukocytosis in the animals. Irradiated animals developing this disease were injected with a single dose of acridine orange (0.3 μg/20 g body weight) 30 or 45 days after irradiation. In both cases the blood picture, extended life‐span of the animals and histological examination of the tissues after such treatment indicated a strong inhibitive action of acridine orange on this radiation‐induced disease.
A review: Applications of the laser beam in cancer biology
Authors: Goldman Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments with lasers in the past three years have shown encouraging initial results in many fields of cancer research. Laser technology, still in its early phases of development, is a new discipline even for the radiation biologist. Those in cancer research who wish to work with the laser must have help and co‐operation from the laser physicist and laser engineer. The cancer investigator must be familiar with all types of lasers, especially the recent high‐output, continuous‐wave lasers: the hazards of laser radiation must be known and a definite program of area and personnel protection must be available before any work is started. The laser attached to the microscope is valuable accessory instrumentation for work in cancer cytology and cytogenetics. The laser microprobe can do spectroscopy of living cancer tissues without significant destruction of the specimen. Some of the various parameters of the laser reaction in tissue have been studied in cancer in animals, the most striking results being obtained with melanomas. More studies are needed in cancer immunobiology concerning laser treatment and the role of the laser in aiding or hindering the induction of tumors. Laser synergism with gamma radiation and cancer chemotherapy is also still in the very early stages.Laser treatment of human cancer has been limited to accessible lesions or to those made accessible by the surgeon. The most important results have been obtained with melanoma; other lesions have included a variety of skin tumors, including nonpigmented and pigmented basal cell epitheliomas, squamous cell epitheliomas, malignant lymphomas and vascular tumors. The relatively few visceral lesions treated have been adenocarcinomas and brain tumors. Many of the clinical investigations in patients with multiple tumors have not been controlled with other modalities of surgery, especially electrosurgery. Laser technology, then, is a new field in which the cancer chemist, the cancer biologist, the cancer radiologist and especially the cancer surgeon must become interested so that the very necessary basic studies may be continued in all these fields.
Studies on allogeneic inhibition I. Differential behavior of mouse tumors transplanted to homozygous and F1 hybrid hosts
Authors: Hellström K. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphomas, carcinomas and sarcomas originating in homozygous hosts grew better when transplanted into syngeneic mice than in F1 hybrids between the syngeneic and an allogeneic strain. The growth inhibition in F1 hybrids was called allogeneic inhibition. In order to demonstrate the phenomenon small inocula had to be used, as a rule below 106 cells. It was demonstrated with tumors originating in seven different mouse strains tested (A, A.SW, A.CA, A.BY, C57BL, C57L and C3H).Allogeneic inhibition was also detected with isoantigenic variant sublines, selected from an (A × A.SW)F1 hybrid lymphoma for compatibility with the A or A.SW parental strains, the variants giving more tumors in the selective A or A.SW strains than in (A × A.SW)F1. The unselected (A × A.SW)F1 lymphoma from which the variants were derived grew as well in (A × A.SW)F1 as did the variants in their selective parental strains.
Studies on allogeneic inhibition II. Inhibition of mouse tumor cell growth by In vitro contact with cells containing foreign H‐2 antigens
Authors: Bergheden C. , Hellström K. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse lymphoma cells were inoculated into preirradiated syngeneic hosts after incubation with lymph‐node, spleen, liver or lymphoma cells from different sources in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. Neutralization of tumor growth was detected after incubation of lymphoma target cells with added untreated or X‐irradiated normal lymphoid or liver cells or with X‐irradiated intact or ultrasonically disintegrated lymphoma cells in all cases where the added cells contained H‐2 isoantigens which were foreign to the targets.
Studies on the aetiology of bilharzial carcinoma of the urinary bladder V. Excretion of tryptophan metabolites in urine
Authors: Abdel‐Tawab G. A. , Kelada F. S. , Kelada N. L. , Abdel‐Daim M. H. , Makhyoun N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe urinary excretion of certain metabolites of tryptophan by eight control subjects, six patients with active urinary bilharziasis, five pellagrins with active urinary bilharziasis and 11 patients with bilharzial cancer of the bladder, was investigated. Pellagrins infested with S. haematobium and bilharzial patients with cancer of the bladder excreted some metabolites in excess when compared to controls and to patients infested with S. haematobium alone. Pyridoxine supplementation to seven of the patients with bilharzial cancer of the bladder reduced the differences between metabolite excretion of these patients and of the controls.This evidence suggests that bilharzial patients with or without bladder tumours and pellagrins infested with S. haematobium suffer from pyridoxine deficiency. Therefore, it is concluded that bilharziasis is not the only causal factor in the associated abnormality of tryptophan metabolism.
Évolution in vitro et cancérisation des cellules pulmonaires de souris
Authors: Barski Georges , Billardon Claude , Jullien Paule‐Marie , Carswell Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA partir du 3e–4e mois in vitro, on observait parmi les cellules de toutes les souches P une accumulation progressive de caryotypes anormaux, à nombres chromosomiques largement dispersés entre 45 et 100 et au‐delà, qui remplaçait progressivement les cellules à caryotypes normaux. Cet étalement considérable de nombres chromosomiques persistait et on l'a constaté, pour toutes les souches P, entre le 27e et le 32e mois de culture. Des chromosomes marqueurs à deux bras, à centromère médian ou subterminal, sont apparus et se maintenaient dans certaines souches. Les épreuves de malignité, entreprises entre le 7e et le 12e mois de culture et comportant des inoculations sous‐cutanées de routine de 5 × 106 cellules aux jeunes adultes C57Bl, ou de 1 × 106 cellules aux nouveaunés, ont démontré le pouvoir de produire des tumeurs sarcomateuses, propre pour toutes les souches sauf la P6 et la P7. Cette dernière est devenue cancéreuse après 16 mois in vitro. La P6 est restée non cancéreuse jusqu'à la fin de la 3e année in vitro, malgré sa transformation caryologique radicale.De règle, les modifications du caryotype précédaient l'apparition de la malignité. Morphologiquement, les cellules des souches P évoluaient de leur aspect mixte initial vers une plus grande homogénéité. Des différences de type cellulaire persistaient cependant entre les souches, ainsi que parfois à l'intérieur de la měme souche (P4bis). De měme, les souches P différaient entre elles dans le degré de malignité, évalué par la vitesse de croissance tumorale et le nombre minimum de cellules nécessaires pour obtenir une tumeur. Une certaine relation existait entre la malignité et la morphologie cellulaire. Les cellules des souches hautement malignes étaient de type fibroblastique prononcé et produisaient in vitro une croissance polystratifiée et enchevětrée; les souches moins malignes ou non malignes (P6) maintenaient l'arrangement monostratifié et pavimenteux, étant inhibées dans leur progression par contacts intercellulaires, měme dans les cultures ǎgées. Les différences entre les souches P se répercutaient dans l'aspect histologique des tumeurs respectives: p. ex. les cellules géantes de la P4bis apparaissaient in vivo ainsi que in vitro, et, d'autre part, la production massive de collagène était propre surtout aux tumeurs P3 et P4. Certaines souches P montraient au microscope électronique des particules virales de type C. Le rǒle possible d'infection virale dans la transformation “spontanée” des cellules de souris in vitro est prise en considération et discutée.
Prolonged survival of allogeneic skin from tumour‐bearing mice
Authors: Marchant June 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe survival of simultaneous skin grafts from normal and syngeneic tumourbearing mice has been compared in both normal and tumour‐bearing recipients of a foreign strain. Allografts from tumour‐bearing donors survived longer in 22 out of 27 tumour‐bearing hosts and in 49 out of 58 normal hosts.In allografts donated by animals with a variety of tumours induced in a number of different ways, prolonged survival occurred. Grafts from mice with primary tumours induced with chemical carcinogens generally showed a very modest prolongation of 1 or 2 days. Considerable prolongation of 4 to 7 days was obtained with grafts from 19 donors, 15 of which bore large transplanted tumours.
Further observations on in vitro cytopathic effects associated with murine leukemia virus infection
Authors: Tyndall R. L. , Teeter E. , Otten J. A. , Bowles N. D. , Vidrine J. G. , Upton A. C. , Walburg H. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe previously reported cytopathic effects (CPE) in an established cell culture chronically infected with the Rauscher murine leukemia virus have been investigated in more detail. Initiation of CPE and morphologic transformation was observed in newly infected cultures. Suppression of CPE and transformation by NCTC 109 medium containing 25% human serum was also found to be reproducible in newly infected cultures. Adult human serum, human cord serum, fetal calf serum and fetuin had a suppressive effect on the CPE and transformation. Serological tests to detect non‐leukemogenic mouse viruses in the transformed cells were negative. Infected, trans‐formed cells were highly tumorigenic when inoculated subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The resultant tumors were classified as myxofibrosarcomas. Approximately 50% of such tumor‐bearing mice also developed leukemia. In contrast, control uninfected cells under similar conditions were less tumorigenic and produced spindle‐cell sarcomas. None of the mice injected with control uninfected cells developed leukemia. The tumori‐genicity of both the infected and uninfected cell cultures increased when the cells were cultured on 4 × BME medium containing 10% calf serum.
Bovine fibroblasts in long‐term tissue culture: Chromosome studies
Authors: Lithner Folke , Pontén Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree fibroblastic strains of fetal calf lung origin have been grown in vitro in serial culture. Chromosome alterations were found in all three. In early passages the cells remained diploid without chromosome changes. After this period cells started to become hypodiploid until they were all abnormal. The decrease in the counts was caused by a process interpreted as a fusion or association of telocentric elements. In the process telocentric chromosomes were randomly joined two and two at the centromere forming single biarmed chromosomes. No loss of detectable chromatid material accompanied the apparent fusion. No cytological changes were observed in the cultures at this stage.Around passage 70, additional abnormalities began to appear. Severe chromosome alterations were observed with aneuploidy, widely scattered counts dominated by hypotetraploid numbers, breaks, dicentric forms and various other rearrangements. This change was accompanied by a decreased growth rate and degenerative cytological changes in the cultures analogous to those described in human and hamster fibroblasts approaching the end of their finite life span in vitro.
Some characteristic features of the biotransport of the cytostatic agent 1,6‐dibromo‐1,6‐dideoxy‐dulcitol
Authors: Institóris László , Piroska Horváth I. , Pethes George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAspects of the biological transport of cytostatically active 1,6‐dibromo‐1,6‐dideoxydulcitol (DBD) were studied using 82Br‐labelled material on dogs and Yoshida tumorbearing rats. Thirty‐five per cent of the DBD dose was excreted in the urine within 12 hours. Besides unchanged DBD, metabolites containing C‐Br bonds could also be detected in the urine. In vivo, the 50% decomposition time of the C‐Br bonds in DBD is about 5 to 6 hours. One hour after administration of DBD, more than 50% of the persisting dose had entered the cells. Accumulation of the drug in the tumor tissue could not be demonstrated. A fraction of the dose enters the enterohepatic circulation.
Further studies on the relationship of a rhabdomyosarcoma virus to muscle tissue
Authors: Perk K. , Moloney J. B. , Jenkins E. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pathogenesis of a rhabdomyosarcoma virus isolate was studied in a total of 300 newborn BALB/c mice, 11 different routes of inoculation being used. The latent periods, or time in days to palpable tumor, varied over a wide range among the inoculated groups. The growth of the tumor was very rapid in the muscle tissue. Regardless of the route of inoculation, the neoplasms arose from the adjacent muscle tissue attaching to and proliferating into the different organs and from their surfaces. Secondary tumor nodules were also observed in different areas of muscle tissue demonstrating the affinity of this virus to muscle tissue. Exceptions were found in some of the intrasplenically and intramyocardially inoculated mice where primary tumor nodules were found within these organs. Histologically the tumor cells were less differentiated toward myocytes than those described in a previous study.It is suggested that this host response is a reflection of the high initiating virus dose employed.Increase in spleen and liver weights and decrease in hematocrit values correlated closely to the extent of tumor development.
Immune responses in preleukaemic and leukaemic AKR mice
Authors: Metcalf D. , Moulds R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proliferation of haemolytic plaque‐forming cells in the spleen of preleukaemic AKR mice following primary immunization with sheep red cells was slightly delayed and the peak response was not as high as in normal mice. In leukaemic AKR mice, although there were normal numbers of background plaque‐forming cells in the spleens of unimmunized animals, these cells failed to proliferate following antigenic stimulation and no detectable haemolysin antibody response occurred before the seventh day following immunization.Haemagglutinin responses were normal in preleukaemic AKR mice but were depressed severely in mice with thymic lymphomata or generalized lymphoid leukaemia.The present results do not support the concept that severe immunological deficiencies are a necessary prerequisite of the preleukaemic state.
Pituitary hormones and the metabolism of N‐hydroxy‐N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide in female rats
Authors: Shirasu Y. , Grantham P. H. , Weisburger J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe transplantable functional pituitary tumor, Furth MtT/F4, enhances hepatoma formation by the carcinogen N‐hydroxy‐N‐2‐fluorenylacetamide (N‐OH‐FAA) in rats. Therefore the metabolism of a single intraperitoneal dose of N‐OH‐FAA‐9‐14C was followed in groups of female Fischer rats which were fed either N‐OH‐FAA‐containing or control diets for 8 weeks, with or without MtT implantation.The MtT markedly increased rectal temperature, food and water intake, urinary volume and body, liver, and kidney weights. The carcinogen‐prefeeding alone did not affect the total percentage of radioactivity from labeled N‐OH‐FAA excreted in 24‐hour urine, but the proportion excreted as urinary glucosiduronic acids and as the glucuronide of N‐OH‐FAA was greater. MtT implantation had no significant effect on the urinary metabolites in the animals on a control diet. However, the combination of carcinogen‐prefeeding and MtT transplantation increased the urinary excretion of total radioactivity, the urinary glucosiduronic acids, and especially the glucuronide of N‐OH‐FAA. Maintenance of higher levels of N‐OH‐FAA, the altered endocrine situation and the increased metabolic rate may contribute to the enhancement of hepatoma formation in female rats implanted with MtT.
Pretreatment with croton oil, DNA synthesis. And carcinogenesis by carcinogen followed by croton oil
Authors: Shinozuka H. , Ritchie A. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the mouse, the number of epidermal cells labelled by tritiated thydidine is reduced 12 hours after a single application of 5% croton oil in mineral oil, increases four‐fold 24 hours affterwards, and returns towards normal 72 hours afterwards. The yield of papillomata induced by a single application of 7,12‐dimethylbenz (α)anthracene followed by repeated applications of croton oil is increased by an application of croton oil given 23 hours before the administration of carcinogen, but not by croton oil given 72 hours beforhand. The yield of papillomata induced by a single injection of urethane followed by croton oil is also increased by an application of croton oil given 23 hours before the carcingogen. These findings are cokmpatible with the theory that the carcinogens tested act on epidermal cells synthesizing DNA.It is also suggested that, following a single application, mineral oil may remain on the skin for at least 24 hours. If a carcinogen is applied within this period, it may be diluted, and so apparently reduced in potency.
The detection of intracellular adenovirus type 12 antigens by indirect immunoferritin technique
Authors: Levinthal J. D. , Cerottini J. C. , Ahmad‐Zadeh C. , Wicker R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn indirect immunoferritin technique for the localization of intracellular antigens is described. By the use of a variety of specific hamster and rabbit sera followed by double‐labeled fluorescein‐ferritin antiglobulins, antigens induced by human adenovirus type 12 could be specifically marked by a reaction analogous to the indirect technique of immunofluorescence in infected and transformed hamster, human and monkey cells. The cellular plasma membrane was rendered permeable to antibody with a dilute solution of digitonin, and fixation in dilute formaldehyde, 0.5 %, preserved a reasonable degree of morphologic detail as well as antigenic activity. Whole cells were reacted in suspension with antibody followed by antiglobulin. The antigens “stained” by ferritin‐labeled antibody were then located in thin sections after post‐fixation and Epon embedding. It is concluded that use of the indirect technique should permit a more general utilization of ferritin‐labeled antibodies.
Immune reactivity prior to development of thymic lymphoma in C57BL mice
Authors: Doell Ruth G. , De Vaux Christiane , Cyr St. , Grabar Pierre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immune response of C57BL mice was tested following treatment with either irradiation or methylcholanthrene. Response to a weak histocompatibility antigen difference (male to female skin grafts) was found to be depressed after both treatments as was the response to a strong (H2) antigen difference as measured by the Simonsen graft‐versus‐host reaction.The potent immunodepressant drug 6‐mercaptopurine was found to be carcinogenic in this strain of mouse, inducing approximately 29 % thymic lymphomas when given to young mice.Females of the high spontaneous lymphoma strain AKR were found to have a markeldly decreased ability to reject male skin grafts as compared with the C57BL strain.
Autoradiographic analysis of the proliferation in vitro of six murine cell lines of non‐malignant or malignant origin
Authors: Sawicki W. , Kieler J. , Briand P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA high rate of cell growth in culture has often been thought to be indicative of malignancy. In the present work the generation time of six murine cell lines and the duration of their various mitotic and intermitotic phases were studied using thymidine‐6‐3H and autoradiography. No definite correlation could be established between the growth kinetics and the tumor‐producing capacity of these cells, but cultures which were more than one year old showed a slightly shorter generation time and a somewhat shorter phase of DNA synthesis (ts) than 6‐ to 8‐month‐old cultures.