bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mTor‐inhibition within the first days after pediatric heart transplantation is a potentially safe option to prevent cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Kreienbaum Hannah , Stiller Brigitte , Kubicki Rouven , Bobrowski Alexej , Kroll Johannes , Fleck Thilo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunosuppression after heart transplantation (HTX) with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors serves as a prophylaxis against rejection and to treat coronary vascular injury. However, there is little data on the early, preventive use of everolimus after pediatric HTX.MethodsRetrospective study of 61 pediatric HTX patients (48 cardiomyopathy and 13 congenital heart disease), 28 females, median age 10.1 (range 0.1–17.9) years transplanted between 2008 and 2020. We analyzed survival, rejection, renal function, occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorder, and allograft vasculopathy together with adverse effects of early everolimus therapy combined with low‐dose calcineurin inhibitors.ResultsEverolimus therapy was started at a median 3.9 (1–14) days after HTX. Median follow‐up was 4.3 (range 0.5–11.8) years, cumulative 184 patient years. The estimated 1‐ and 5‐year survival probability was 89% (CI 82%:98%) and 87% (CI 78%:97%). Four patients developed rejection (6.6%) (maximum 2R ISHLT criteria). No patient suffered from chronic renal failure. Three patients (4.9%) developed post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Five patients suffered relevant wound‐healing disorders after transplantation, four of them carrying relevant risk factors before HTX (mechanical circulatory support (n = 3), delayed chest closure after HTX (n = 3)). No recipient developed cardiac allograft vasculopathy.ConclusionInitiating everolimus within the first 14 days after HTX seems to be well tolerated, enabling a low incidence of rejection, post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, renal failure, and reveals no evidence of cardiac allograft vasculopathy as well as good overall survival in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Good outcomes after repeated pediatric liver retransplantations: A justified procedure even in times of organ shortage
Authors: Junger Henrik , Knoppke Birgit , Schurr Leonhard , Brennfleck Frank W. , Grothues Dirk , Melter Michael , Geissler Edward K. , Schlitt Hans J. , Brunner Stefan M. , Goetz Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPediatric liver transplantations generally represent advanced surgery for selected patients. In case of acute or chronic graft failure, biliary or vessel complications, a retransplantation (reLT) can be necessary. In these situations massive adhesions, critical patient condition or lack of good vessels for anastomosis often are problematic.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2021, 208 pediatric patients received a liver transplantation at our center. Retrospectively, all cases with at least one retransplantation were identified and stored in a database. Indication, intra‐ and postoperative course and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.ResultsAltogether 31 patients (14.9%) received a reLT. In 22 cases only one reLT was done, 8 patients received 2 reLTs and 1 patient needed a fourth graft. Median age for primary transplantation, first, second and third reLT was 14 (range: 1–192 months), 60.5 (range: 1–215 months), 58.5 (range: 14–131 months) and 67 months, respectively. Although biliary atresia (42%) and acute liver failure (23%) represented the main indications for the primary liver transplantation, acute and chronic graft failure (1st reLT: 36%, 2nd reLT: 38%), hepatic artery thrombosis (1st reLT: 29%, 2nd reLT: 25%, 3rd reLT: 100%) and biliary complications (1st reLT: 26%, 2nd reLT: 37%) were the most frequent indications for reLT. OS was 81.8% for patients with 1 reLT, 87.5% with 2 reLTs and 100% with 3 reLTs.ConclusionPediatric liver retransplantation is possible with a good outcome even after multiple retransplantations in specialized centers. Nevertheless, careful patient and graft selection, as well as good preoperative conditioning, are essential.
Applications of motivational interviewing in adolescent solid organ transplant
Authors: Gettings Julie M. , Lefkowitz Debra S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescence is a developmental period that is known for the highest risk of difficulties with adoption and maintenance of health behaviors for successful transplant. Motivational interviewing (MI) has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in the management of modifiable factors impacting adherence in both adult transplant and analogous pediatric chronic illness populations.AimsThis paper describes MI and its applicability to adolescent transplant, providing examples of its potential use at each stage of the transplant journey.Materials and MethodsLiterature on the principles and utilization of MI are reviewed, as well as the use of MI in adult transplant and similar pediatric populations.ResultsEvidence suggests high applicability of concepts of MI to pediatric transplant.DiscussionSystems‐level factors influencing health behavior change are discussed, along with the importance of recognizing and managing provider bias in MI‐based interactions. MI does not require a licensed behavioral health provider to use it effectively; rather, it can be used by various multidisciplinary team members throughout the course of clinical care.ConclusionMI shows great promise as a useful intervention through all stages in the transplant journey. Though particularly well‐suited to adolescents, its principles are effective across the lifespan, including with caregivers. It represents an interactional style for use by multidisciplinary team members in many patient‐and caregiver‐facing scenarios. As the goal is to support the patient's autonomy in decision‐making, it is important for providers to recognize their own biases. Further resources for training are provided.
Biodegradable biliary stents placement using a “kissing‐stent” technique for management of a recalcitrant stricture post‐live donor liver transplant
Authors: Malik Aleena , Ng Vicky L. , Sayed Blayne A. , Siddiqui Asad , Parra Dimitri A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiliary complications are common in pediatric liver transplant. Strictures resistant to interventional radiology procedures can be extremely challenging to manage and may result in the need of surgery or retransplantation.MethodsThis case report illustrates the use of biodegradable stents post left lateral segment live donor liver transplant in a pediatric patient with a recalcitrant chronic stricture of the biliary‐enteric anastomosis. The patient developed a high stricture requiring multiple interventions and eventual access of both the segment II and segment III ducts of the graft.ResultsTo ensure adequate biliary drainage, two biodegradable stents were deployed using a “kissing‐stent” technique. The stents were successfully deployed and allowed the patient to remain free from an internal–external biliary drain for 11 months, with eventual redeployment of an additional biodegradable stent.ConclusionIn patients with recalcitrant stenosis of the biliary anastomosis, biodegradable stents may provide durable drainage, optimizing graft function and delaying retransplantation in addition to keeping patients without external devices, thus improving quality of life.
Antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) in pediatric lung transplantation—Current state and future directions
Authors: Benden Christian , Wikenheiser‐Brokamp Kathryn A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLung transplantation is considered as the ultimate therapy for children with advanced pulmonary disease. International data show a median conditional 1‐year post‐transplantation survival of 9.1 years. Recently, antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) has increasingly been recognized as an important cause of allograft dysfunction although pediatric reports are still scarce. Donor‐specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSA) are known to play a role in AMR development post‐transplant but AMR pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Central to the concept of pulmonary AMR is immune activation with the production of allo‐specific B‐cells and plasma cells directed against donor lung antigens. The frequency of pulmonary AMR in children is currently unknown. Due to the lack of AMR data in children, the diagnostic approach for pediatric pulmonary AMR is solely based on adult literature. This personal viewpoint article evaluates the rational for the creation of age‐based thresholds for different diagnostic categories of pulmonary AMR and data on the management of pulmonary AMR in children. To the authors' knowledge, there have been no randomized controlled trials comparing different management regimes in pulmonary AMR, and thus, management and treatment algorithms for pulmonary AMR in children are only extrapolated from adults. To advance the knowledge of AMR in children, the authors propose that children be included in collaborative, multi‐center trials. It is vital that future decisions on internationally agreed upon guidelines for pulmonary AMR take its impact on children into consideration. Research is needed to fill the current knowledge gaps in the field of pulmonary AMR in children focused on optimizing outcomes.
The acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor imipramine enhances the release of UV photoproduct‐containing DNA in small extracellular vesicles in UVB‐irradiated human skin
Authors: Carpenter M. Alexandra , Thyagarajan Anita , Owens Madison , Annamraju Risha , Borchers Christina B. , Travers Jeffrey B. , Kemp Michael G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNucleic acids, lipids, and other cell components can be found within different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which include apoptotic bodies (ABs), large extracellular vesicles (LEVs), and small extracellular vesicles (SEVs). Release of LEVs from cells can be reduced by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme acid sphinogomyelinase (aSMase), and indeed several studies have demonstrated a role for the clinically approved aSMase inhibitor imipramine in blocking LEV release, including in response to UVB exposure. Given that exposure of keratinocytes to UVB radiation results in the generation of UVR photoproducts in DNA that can subsequently be found in association with ABs and SEVs, we examined how imipramine impacts the release of extracellular DNA containing UVR photoproducts at an early time point after UVR exposure. Using several different model systems, including cultured keratinocytes in vitro, discarded human surgical skin ex vivo, and skin biopsies obtained from treated human subjects, these pilot studies suggest that imipramine treatment stimulates the release of CPD‐containing, SEV‐associated DNA. These surprising findings indicate that LEV and SEV generation pathways could be linked in UVB‐irradiated cells and that imipramine may exacerbate the systemic effects of extracellular UVR‐damaged DNA throughout the body.
An investigation into the potential for upward range expansion in high‐montane species on the roof of the world
Authors: White F. J. , Mondoni A. , Corli A. , Shrestha B. B. , Rossi G. , Orsenigo S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Climate warming is occurring in high‐mountain areas at a faster rate than the global average. To escape the increasing temperatures, alpine species may shift in distribution upwards, threatening cold‐adapted nival plant specialists. However, little is known about the success of seedling emergence and establishment at high altitudes outside the current range, particularly in the highest mountain areas of the Himalayas.
We selected four native alpine species occurring around 4000 m a.s.l. and sowed seeds at the natural growing site (GS), at a high elevation site (HS; 5000 m a.s.l.) and at high elevation with soil from the growing site (HS‐S) in the Khumbu Valley, north‐eastern Nepal. We monitored seedling emergence and establishment for two consecutive years.
Seedling emergence and establishment varied between species. Emergence was similar between GS and HS and improved at HS‐S. Establishment was low at high elevations with all but one species having high mortality after winter. Seedling emergence of low elevation plants is possible at high elevations in the Everest region, indicating species may be able to shift their distribution range upwards. However, successful establishment may be limited by the soil and high winter mortality at high elevations, although not in all species.
Climate warming will potentially lead to upward migration of some Himalayan plant species, leading to altered community composition in high‐mountain areas.
Rubisco and sucrose synthesis and translocation are involved in the regulation of photosynthesis in wheat with different source‐sink relationships
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Sun Jiawei , Lu Yanhua , Yang Shuke , Zhang Yafang , Chai Huimin , Jiang Dong , Dai Tingbo , Tian Zhongwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSource‐sink relationships influence photosynthesis. So far, the limiting factors for photosynthesis of wheat cultivars with different source‐sink relationships have not been determined. We aimed to determine the variation patterns of photosynthetic characteristics of wheat cultivars with different source‐sink relationships. In this study, two wheat cultivars with different source‐sink relationships were selected for photosynthetic physiological analyses. The results showed that YM25 (source‐limited cultivar) had higher photosynthetic efficiency compared to YM1 (sink‐limited cultivar). This is mainly due to a stronger photochemical efficiency, electron transfer capacity, and Rubisco carboxylation capacity of YM25. YM25 accumulated less soluble carbohydrates in flag leaves than YM1. This is mainly due to the stronger sucrose synthesis and transport capacity of YM25 by presenting higher sucrose‐related enzyme activities and gene expression. A PCA analysis showed that Rubisco was the main factor limiting the photosynthetic capacity of YM25. The soluble sugar accumulation in flag leaves and sink limitation decreased the photosynthetic activity of YM1. Increased N application improved source‐sink relationships and increased grain yield and source leaf photosynthetic capacity in both two wheat cultivars. Taken together, our findings suggest that Rubisco and sucrose synthesis and translocation are involved in the regulation of photosynthesis of wheat cultivars with different source‐sink relationships and that source and sink limitation effects should be considered in photosynthesis.
Combined high light and salt stress enhances accumulation of PsbS and zeaxanthin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Hemker Fritz , Zielasek Fabian , Jahns Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe performance and acclimation strategies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under stress conditions are typically studied in response to single stress factors. Under natural conditions, however, organisms rarely face only one stressor at a time. Here, we investigated the impact of combined salt and high light stress on the photoprotective response of C. reinhardtii. Compared to the single stress factors, the combination of both stressors decreased the photosynthetic performance, while the activation of energy dissipation remained unaffected. However, the PsbS protein was strongly accumulated and the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin was enhanced. These results support an important photoprotective function of PsbS and zeaxanthin independently of energy dissipation under combined salt and high light stress in C. reinhardtii.
Political animality
Authors: Toivanen Juhana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis essay contributes to contemporary discussions concerning so‐called animal politics by drawing from the history of the notion of political animal. Two different historical meanings of the notion are identified: (1) normative political animality that is intrinsically linked with rationality, language, and justice; (2) biological political animality that focuses on collaboration for the sake of a common aim. The former is applicable only to human beings, while the latter can also be used in relation to other animals. After briefly discussing the Aristotelian background of the notion, the essay argues that in medieval Aristotelian tradition, the normative meaning prevailed and the biological one was set aside. However, it is precisely the biological notion that appears useful today. The essay suggests several ways in which it might benefit contemporary theoretical discussions concerning animals, thus laying ground for further developments in animal politics.
Psychological mechanisms of the development of suicidal ideation: Longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Shou Yiyun , Gulliver Amelia , Farrer Louise M. , Dawel Amy , Burns Richard , Calear Alison L. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Batterham Philip J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the development of suicidal ideation and its moderating and protective factors. Drawing on the Interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicide, we proposed that disruptions to belongingness, in conjunction with tolerance of health risk, may influence the development of suicidal ideation above and beyond psychosocial changes such as disruptions to finances and work.MethodsThe study involved a longitudinal investigation of an Australian representative sample reporting suicidal ideation fortnightly for 12 weeks between March and June 2020.ResultsThe results indicated that participants who reported higher levels of belongingness, mastery, and intolerance of health risk were less likely to experience suicidal ideation and had lower severity of suicidal ideation. Mastery significantly strengthened the negative link between belongingness and the incidence of suicidal ideation, while agreeableness significantly strengthened the negative link between belongingness and the severity of suicidal ideation over time.ConclusionThe findings suggest that supporting effective social connectedness during times of isolation and promoting self‐efficacy, mastery, and regulation of risk tolerance, may be crucial for suicide prevention and therapeutic intervention.
Analyzing and modeling massive transfusion strategies and the role of fibrinogen—How much is the patient actually receiving?
Authors: Keltner Nadia M. , Cushing Melissa M. , Haas Thorsten , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma, cardiac surgery, liver transplant, and childbirth. While emphasis on protocolization and ratio of blood product transfusion improves ability to treat hemorrhage rapidly, tools to facilitate understanding of the overall content of a specific transfusion strategy are lacking. Medical modeling can provide insights into where deficits in treatment could arise and key areas for clinical study. By using a transfusion model to gain insight into the aggregate content of massive transfusion protocols (MTPs), clinicians can optimize protocols and create opportunities for future studies of precision transfusion medicine in hemorrhage treatment.MethodsThe transfusion model describes the individual round and aggregate content provided by four rounds of MTP, illustrating that the total content of blood elements and coagulation factor changes over time, independent of the patient's condition. The configurable model calculates the aggregate hematocrit, platelet concentration, percent volume plasma, total grams and concentration of citrate, percent volume anticoagulant and additive solution, and concentration of clotting factors: fibrinogen, factor XIII, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor, provided by the MTP strategy.ResultsTransfusion strategies based on a 1:1:1 or whole blood foundation provide between 13.7 and 17.2 L of blood products over four rounds. Content of strategies varies widely across all measurements based on base strategy and addition of concentrated sources of fibrinogen and other key clotting factors.DiscussionDifferences observed between modeled transfusion strategies provide key insights into potential opportunities to provide patients with precision transfusion strategy.
Robots in action
Authors: Shahin Taraneh , Ballestar de las Heras María Teresa , Sanz Ismael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis empirical study delves into the intricate factors that shape firms' choices regarding the adoption of robots within the Spanish context. Using a dataset encompassing a diverse set of industries, we employ an empirical analysis to uncover the determinants of robot adoption and investigate the associated outcomes on market variables. Our findings reveal several key factors that significantly influence a firm's likelihood of adopting robots. We find that firm profitability, exporter status, the control variables including share of R&D, and capital intensity exhibit strong positive relationships with robot adoption. Conversely, the impact of the level of human capital on adoption decisions is less pronounced. Furthermore, our study explores the impact of robot adoption on firm performance. We observe that firms embracing robotisation experience notable improvements in the output, exporting activities, and reduction in labour cost share. This study incorporates a gradient boosting‐based machine‐learning model, specifically XGBoost, along with instrumental variable regression models, to conduct rigorous robustness analyses and validate the obtained results. These findings contribute to the understanding of the dynamics and implications of robot adoption in the manufacturing sector, explaining the factors that drive firms' decisions and the subsequent market effects.
Crisis averted: Cross‐market reallocation during the great trade collapse
Authors: Oglend Atle , Asche Frank , Straume Hans‐Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article investigates cross‐market reallocation of trade to mitigate negative effects of large economic shocks. We propose a simple measure of trade reallocation and apply it to Norwegian exports during the great trade collapse following the financial crisis in 2008–2009. The results indicate statistically significant cross‐market reallocation of trade away from markets hit hard by the crisis as measured by GDP/growth. Norwegian exports declined by 16.9% from 2008 and 2009. Without reallocation, the decline would have been between 1.6 and 3.8 percentage points greater. Successful reallocation at the firm level is done primarily along the intensive margin, by shifting physical products towards less affected markets within their pre‐crisis trade networks.